Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
I See What You Are Saying: Hearing Infants’ Visual Attention and Social Engagement in Response to Spoken and Sign Language

Infants are endowed with a proclivity to acquire language, whether it is presented in the auditory or visual modality. Moreover, in the first months of life, listening to language supports fundamental cognitive capacities, including infants’ facility to form object categories (e.g., dogs and bottles). Recently, we have found that for English-acquiring infants as young as 4 months of age, this precocious interface between language and cognition is sufficiently broad to include not only their native spoken language (English), but also sign language (American Sign Language, ASL). In the current study, we take this work one step further, asking how “sign-naïve” infants—hearing infants with no prior exposure to sign language—deploy their attentional and social strategies in the context of episodes involving either spoken or sign language. We adopted a now-standard categorization task, presenting 4- to 6-month-old infants with a series of exemplars from a single category (e.g., dinosaurs). Each exemplar was introduced by a woman who appeared on the screen together with the object. What varied across conditions was whether this woman introduced the exemplar by speaking (English) or signing (ASL). We coded infants’ visual attentional strategies and their spontaneous vocalizations during this task. Infants’ division of attention and visual switches between the woman and exemplar varied as a function of language modality. In contrast, infants’ spontaneous vocalizations revealed similar patterns across languages. These results, which advance our understanding of how infants allocate attentional resources and engage with communicative partners across distinct modalities, have implications for specifying our theories of language acquisition.
Planar Microstrip Ring Resonator Structure for Gas Sensing and Humidity Sensing Purposes

A planar microstrip ring resonator structure on alumina was developed. It was covered with a zeolite film. The device was successfully operated at around 8.5 GHz at room temperature as a humidity sensor. In the next step, an additional planar heater will be included on the reverse side of the resonator structure to allow for testing of gas sensitive materials under sensor conditions.
The enhancement of self-directedness in the studies of English books for specific purposes: an analysis of ESP study books

Aim. It has been acknowledged by research that self-directedness proves to be fundamental in learning processes. Despite the fact that self-directedness is vital in the perspective of lifelong learning, there is an insufficient amount of known research that focuses on enhancing self-directedness in the studies of English for Specific Purposes (ESP). In order to expand the body of knowledge in this field, the aim of this work is to establish the types of tasks used in ESP study books which contribute to learners’ self-directedness. Methods. The study employs the methods of relevant literature analysis and comparative analysis of three ESP study books published by Oxford University Press, Pearson Education Limited and Macmillan, which are designed for the intermediate and upper-intermediate students of Business English. Results and conclusion. The comparison shows that the analysed ESP study books contribute to the enhancement of self-directedness through a communicative type of tasks (reading, vocabulary building, speaking, listening activities), which correlates with the categories of Remembering, Understanding, Applying, Analysing, Evaluating, and Creating of Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy by Lorin Anderson and David Krathwohl (2001). Thus, the findings allow to conclude that reading, vocabulary building, speaking, and listening tasks provided in the three ESP study books are designed to develop not only learners’ linguistic competences, but also their self-directedness. Cognitive value. Understanding the types of tasks that encourage learners to transition from low-order thinking skills to high-order thinking skills, which enables them to self-direct their learning, may be of fundamental importance in the studies of English for Specific Purposes.
Amatör Sporcuların Bilgi Okur Yazarlığı Seviyeleri ile Mutluluk Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the information literacy and happiness levels of amateur athletes operating in different sports branches. Materials and Methods: 230 volunteer amateur athletes operating in the province of Ordu participated in the research. In collecting the data, the questionnaire created to determine the characteristics of the athletes, the Oxford Happiness Scale Short Form (OMO) developed by Doğan and Akıncı Çötok (2011), and the Information Literacy Scale (BOYO) developed by Adıgüzel (2011). Results: When the happiness levels of the participants were analyzed according to gender, it was seen that the happiness levels of men were statistically significant compared to women (p>0.05), but the level of information literacy by gender was statistically significant compared to men (p>0.05). There was no statistical difference between both the information literacy levels and the happiness levels between the individual sports and the amateur athletes who do team sports. In the study, it was seen that the happiness levels of amateur athletes between the ages of 25-34 were higher than other age groups, and the information literacy levels of amateur athletes between the ages of 35-44 were higher than other age groups. On the other hand, the happiness levels of amateur athletes with a bachelor's degree are higher than those with an associate degree; It was seen that the information literacy levels of high school graduate amateur athletes were lower than other graduates. In addition, the happiness levels of amateur athletes with income levels between 2001-3000 TL and those with income levels between 2001-3000 TL and 3001 and above, and amateur athletes with income levels between 2001-3000 TL and 3001 and above. found to be higher than the other groups.
Relaxation processes in magnetohydrodynamics - A triad-interaction model

A truncated set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODE) for the velocity and magnetic field Fourier amplitudes has been derived from the MHD equations. In this reduced system the interactions take place only between three wave-vectors. The dynamical evolution of this model is restricted to a six-dimensional vector space. Some three-dimensional time-invariant subspaces, have been identified. These subspaces are shown to determine the self-organization observed durin the relaxation processes which occur in MHD, producing long-living, nontrivial solutions like the «Taylor's vortex» or the «Alvenic structures»
Effect of build direction and surface finish on wear behavior of AlSi10Mg alloy casted by laser powder bed fusion

In this research the Al10SiMg alloy were printed with different build direction (horizontal, vertical and inclined) using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) method. The primary aim of this present study was to investigate the effect of build direction and surface finish condition on wear behavior of laser powder bed fusion printed AlSi10Mg alloy. The significance of printing direction and surface finish was revealed via wear behavior using pin-on-disc. According to the results the horizontally casted alloy shows lesser surface roughness. Subsequently the rough finished AlSi10Mg alloy on to the abrasive surface produced less wear loss. The fine finished alloy produced higher wear loss due to adhesion and erosion wear loss mechanism. Overall the horizontally casted cum rough finished AlSi10Mg alloy showed better wear resistance than other print direction and surface finish condition. The optical microscope and scanning electron microscope worn surface morphology confirmed the scar formation on fine finished AlSi10Mg alloy. These wear resistance improved AlSi10Mg alloy could be used as building material in aircraft and automobile applications where light weight and high wear resistance properties are required.
The slicing extent technique for fast ray tracing

A new technique for image generation using ray tracing is introduced. The "Slicing Extent Technique" (SET) partitions object space with slicing planes perpendicular to all three axes. Planes are divided into two dimensional rectangular cells, which contain pointers to nearby objects. Cell size and the space between slices varies, and is determined by the objects' locations and orientations. Unlike oct-tree and other space-partitioning methods, SET is not primarily concerned with dividing space into mutually exclusive volume elements ('voxels') and identifying objects within each voxel. Instead, SET is based on analysis of projections of objects onto slicing planes. In comparison to the existing space subdivision methods for ray tracing, SET avoids tree traversal and exhibit no anomalous behavior. There is no reorganization when new objects arrive. Preprocessing to create slices is inexpensive and produces a finely tuned filter mechanism which supports rapid ray tracing.
ENVIRONMENTAL SELF-IDENTITY AND ENERGY SAVING BEHAVIOUR OF HOTEL EMPLOYEES: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF INTRINSIC MOTIVATION

The emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases through energy (electricity) consumption by firms is one the significant drivers of climate change. Energy conservation is one of the ways to achieve a cleaner, healthier environment and manage climate change. Energy conservation in firms is to a large extent dependent on employee participation and personal factors are significant determinants of pro-environmental behaviour. The aim of the paper is to examine the relationship between environmental self-identity and energy saving behaviour of employees of hospitality firms. In addition, the study investigates whether intrinsic motivation (measured by obligation-based intrinsic motivation and enjoyment-based intrinsic motivation) mediates the relationship between environmental self-identity and energy saving behaviour. The study uses the quantitative research design and the cross-sectional survey method is adopted for data collection. The hypotheses of the study are tested using the Partial Least Square Structural Equation modelling (PLS SEM). The results of the empirical study indicate that environmental self-identity is positively related to energy saving behaviour. The mediating effects of obligation and enjoyment-based intrinsic motivation are significant. The results suggest that intrinsic motivation is a mechanism through which environmental self-identity can affect employee energy saving behaviour.
Selected Flavonoids to Target Melanoma: A Perspective in Nanoengineering Delivery Systems

Melanoma is a complex type of cancer that depends on several metabolic factors, while the currently used therapies are not always effective and have unwanted side effects. In this review, the main factors involved in the etiology of cutaneous carcinoma are highlighted, together with the main genes and proteins that regulate cancer invasion and metastization. The role of five selected flavonoids, namely, apigenin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, kaempferol, naringenin, and silybin, in the modulating receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and Wnt pathways is reported with their relevance in the future design of drugs to mitigate and/or treat melanoma. However, as phenolic compounds have some difficulties in reaching the target site, the encapsulation of these compounds in nanoparticles is a promising strategy to promote improved physicochemical stabilization of the bioactives and achieve greater bioavailability. Scientific evidence is given about the beneficial effects of loading these flavonoids into selected nanoparticles for further exploitation in the treatment of melanoma.
Management of Pediatric Facial Burns with Zinc-Hyaluronan Gel

Zinc-hyaluronan-containing burn dressings have been associated with enhanced reepithelialization and low infection rates, although their effectiveness has not yet been investigated in pediatric facial thermal injuries. This single-arm, retrospective cohort study assessed the characteristics of 23 children (≤17-year-old) with facial superficial partial-thickness burns and the wound closure capabilities of the applied zinc-hyaluronan gel. Patients were admitted consecutively to the Pediatric Surgery Division in Pécs, Hungary, between 1 January 2016 and 15 October 2021. The mean age of the children was 6.2 years; 30.4% of them were younger than 1 year. An average of 3% total body surface was injured in the facial region and 47.8% of the patients had other areas damaged as well, most frequently the left upper limb (30.4%). The mean time until complete reepithelialization was 7.9 days and the children spent 2 days in the hospital. Wound cultures revealed normal bacterial growth in all cases and follow-up examinations found no hypertrophic scarring. In conclusion, pediatric facial superficial partial-thickness burns are prevalent during infancy and coincide with left upper limb injuries. Rapid wound closure and low complication rates are accountable for the moderate amount of hospitalization. These benefits, along with the gel’s ease of applicability and spontaneous separation, are linked to child-friendly burn care.
Qualitative Motion Control Optimization of the Pad Dressing Process for Bonnet Tool

The surface quality of polyurethane pad attached to the polishing tool is of great importance to the polishing performance, and it is usually maintained by a dressing process. In this study, in order to improve the pad dressing quality, optimization of motion control during the dressing process is presented, from the aspects of the uniformity of the particle trajectories on the pad and the consistency of the relative velocity of each point on the dressed surface. First, kinematic modeling of the particles on the dressing tool based on multibody theory was proposed, which expresses the particle trajectories as a function of the key motion parameters <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n_{g}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n_{b}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Subsequently, with the above model, simulations were conducted to find the optimized range of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n_{g}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n_{b}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The results have shown that the particle trajectories do not distribute uniformly while <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n_{g}$</tex-math></inline-formula> = <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n_{b}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, and along with the increase in the difference between <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n_{g}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n_{b}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, the uniformity of the particle trajectories would improve. After that, to further optimize these motions, the relative velocity of each point on the dressed surface that involves <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n_{g}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n_{b}$</tex-math></inline-formula> was calculated and compared. The results indicated that only if <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n_{g}$</tex-math></inline-formula>><inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n_{b}$</tex-math></inline-formula> are the consistencies of the relative velocity of various points on the dressed surface preferred. Consequently, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n_{g}$</tex-math></inline-formula>><inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n_{b}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is the premise to satisfy both the particle trajectories and the relative velocity. Furthermore, by considering the limitation of the dressing machine and dressing efficiency, the optimized ranges for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n_{g}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n_{b}$</tex-math></inline-formula> are 500–1000 and 100–200 r/min, respectively. Finally, experimental validation was conducted and the result agreed well with the above conclusion, which proved the optimization of the motions.
Creating Asynchronous Learning Environments: Integration between Camtasia, Youtube, and Google Classroom

The pandemic of Covid 19 forced the teaching and learning process to run online as face-to-face meetings are currently still prohibited. This study aims to examine the learners’ perception of synchronous learning they have experienced and asynchronous learning by applying three applications namely Camtasia Video Maker, Youtube, and Google Classroom. This research employed a mixed-method by integrating an online survey using Google form and qualitative justification of the learners’ response. The research subjects were 52 students from Intermediate English Grammar Class, English Literature Department, Universitas Ngudi Waluyo. The results show that the majority of students positively respond to the implementation of asynchronous learning by applying those three applications. The most significant and fruitful advantage is the flexibility of access and time.
Properties and characteristics of salmon frame protein isolate films influenced by glycerol and squalene

Characteristics of edible/biodegradable film based on salmon frame protein isolate (SFPI), a processing by-product, containing glycerol at two different concentrations (50 and 65% by weight of protein) with and without 30% squalene (by weight of protein) were investigated. Without squalene, the SFPI film generally had higher hydrophilicity when higher concentration of glycerol was used as indicated by higher (p < 0.05) water-vapour permeability (WVP). The addition of squalene augmented yellowness and hydrophobicity of SFPI film as indicated by higher b* colour coordinate and lower WVP (p < 0.05), respectively, in comparison to those without squalene. The squalene also promoted the interactions in SFPI film matrix as revealed by Fourier-transform infrared spectra. These interactions were related to a superior mechanical properties, high barrier properties, and increased thermal resistance of the resulting SFPI film. Therefore, the addition of 30% squalene along with 50% glycerol as plasticiser improved physicochemical, mechanical, barrier, and thermal properties of SFPI film, which could be used as an alternative film for edible/biodegradable food packaging.
Impact of Transitioning to Remote Learning on Student Learning Interactions and Sense of Belonging Among Public Health Graduate Students

Student learning interactions and a sense of belonging are imperative to academic success within distance education settings. In March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, students who intended to be educated through in-person learning environments had to shift to remote learning suddenly. In public health, a field that emphasizes experiential and interactive learning, instructors and graduate students enrolled in residential in-person programs transitioned to remote learning with limited knowledge of how this transition would impact student learning interactions and a sense of belonging. To address these gaps, we examined how remote learning impacted Master of Public Health students’ learning interactions with peers, instructors, course content, as well as their sense of belonging in an overall sample and stratified by program year. We found that students perceived challenges interacting with peers, content, and instructors, such as a lack of community and an inability to interact with instructors during course discussions. Students reported not feeling a sense of belonging when engaging with peers and instructors. Findings from this study shed light on the challenges that emerged after students transitioned to remote learning, namely disrupted student learning interactions and a decreased sense of belonging. The study provides recommendations for future remote teaching, which may be of utility to university instructors and administrators tasked with creating and implementing an interactive remote learning curriculum that provides students with a community to foster learning.
Protein Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines as Biomarkers of Mycobacterium bovis Infection and BCG Vaccination in Cattle

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is a globally prevalent infectious disease with significant animal welfare and economic impact. Difficulties in implementing test-and-slaughter measures in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and the underperformance of the current diagnostics establish a clear need to develop improved diagnostics. Adaptive immunity biomarkers other than IFNγ could be useful as suggested by various gene expression studies; however, a comprehensive assessment at the protein level is lacking. Here, we screened a range of chemokines and cytokines for their potential as biomarkers in samples from M. bovis experimentally challenged or naive animals. Although serum concentrations for most proteins were low, the pro-inflammatory markers, IL-2, CXCL-9, IP-10 and CCL4, in addition to IFNγ, were found to be significantly elevated in bovine tuberculin (PPDb)-stimulated whole blood supernatants. Further assessment of these molecules in BCG-vaccinated with or without subsequent M. bovis challenge or naive animals revealed that PPDb-specific IL-2 and IP-10, in addition to IFNγ, could discriminate naive and BCG-vaccinated from M. bovis challenged animals. Moreover, these proteins, along with CCL4, showed DIVA potential, i.e., enabling differentiation of M. bovis-infected animals from BCG-vaccinated animals. Combined analysis of cytokines and chemokines could also accurately identify M. bovis infection with strong correlations observed between PPDb-specific IFNγ, IL-2 and IP-10 levels. This provides proof of concept for utilizing multiple biomarker signatures for discrimination of animals with respect to M. bovis infection or BCG vaccination status.
A Survey of Minimum Wavelength Conversion Routing and Wavelength Assignment in WDM Networks

Generally, research on routing and wavelength task over wavelength directed WDM networks is worried about immediate reservation (IR) requests. An IR demand typically does not specify a holding time for data transmission and the start time of the data transmission are assumed to be immediate (i.e. when the connection request arrives). The idea of advance reservation (AR) has as of recently been picking up consideration for optical networks. An AR request commonly determines data about the beginning of the information transmission or a cutoff time, just as the holding time of the transmission. AR has a few significant applications for both wide-region networks and Grid networks. For instance, AR can be utilized for modifying virtual geographies to adjust to predictable peak hour traffic use. It very well may be utilized to give high-bandwidth transmission administrations, for example, video conferencing and in Grid applications requiring the booked circulation of enormous records and for co-allotment of organization and grid assets. AR can likewise be advantageous to the organization by permitting the organization administrator to more readily design asset use and accordingly increment use. Information on the holding time can prompt more ideal choices for asset distribution. This translates to better quality of service for users. In this paper we give a complete study of the past and current work on booking ahead of time for optical organizations. There have been numerous varieties of the advance reservation of time idea proposed, so we will likewise give an expansive grouping. Notwithstanding the review, we will examine what we accept are significant regions of future work and open difficulties for early booking on optical organizations.