Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on gate areas using L-band channel with WiMax frequency for efficient aircraft communication

In today's prospective the broadband wireless technologies have become dominant in myriad fields of application. With 3G cellular networks evolution the IEEE 802.16 WiMax (Wireless Interoperability Microwave Access) standard made staggering growth in terms of speed and data transmission when compared to the GSM frequency[1]. This work emphasis on WiMax frequency in aviation domain, focused on measurement of path loss from transmitter within different zones of the airport [2]. The paramount issues during the measuring time considered are Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) and Line of Sight (LOS) conditions between aircraft and ATC(Air Traffic Control Tower)[2]. The IEEE 802.16 standard uses frequency band for WiMax is 1 GHz to 2GHz and different antenna heights are considered from the base station to the mobile station. The path loss is the difference (in dB) between the transmitted power and the received power [2]. A large number of base stations may be necessary to cover all gates with LOS conditions [8] which can be overcome using a good channel characteristic, which can be achieved using L-band satellite frequency band. Based on these measurements we have simulated using Mat Lab simulator which supports MIMO channels.
Quantitative Imagery Analysis of Spot Patterns for Haplogroup Classification of Triatoma Dimidiata (Latreille, 1811) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) an Important Vector of Chagas Disease

Background: Spots and coloring patterns evaluated quantitatively can be used to discrimination and identify possible cryptic species. Triatoma dimidiata (Reduviidae: Triatominae) is one of the main complexes of Chagas disease vector species. Phylogenetic studies have defined three haplogroups for Mexico and part of Central America. In this work, we evaluate the possibility of correctly discriminating among these T. dimidiata haplogroups using the pattern of dorsal spots.Methods: Digital images of the dorsal region of individuals from the three haplogroups were used. We used image processing to extract primary and secondary variables characterizing the dorsal spot pattern. The statistical analysis of the variables included descriptive statistics, non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests, Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA), and a neural classification network.Results: A distinctive spot pattern was found for each haplogroup. The most differentiated pattern was presented by haplogroup 2, mainly apparent in the notably larger central spots. Haplogroups 1 and 3 were more similar to each other, but there were consistent differences in the shape and orientation of the spots. Significant differences were found among haplogroups in almost all the variables analyzed, these differences being greater in relative spot area, mean relative area of central spots, central spots Feret diameters, lateral spots Feret diameters and aspect ratio. Both the DFA and the neural network had correct discrimination values above 90%. Conclusions: We conclude that the spot pattern can be reliably used to discriminate among haplogroups, and possibly among triatomine species.
Holocene Lake-Level Change and Submerged Archaeological Site Potential of Rice Lake, Ontario

Isostatic rebound and climatic changes throughout the Holocene have resulted in several periods of lowered water-levels in the Great Lakes watershed. The Early Holocene lowstand phase corresponds with the Paleoindian period in the Great Lakes Region (11,000-9000 YBP), and subsequent water-level rise has inundated Paleoindian archaeological sites. This research sought to reconstruct the water-level history of Rice Lake (located north of Lake Ontario) in order to identify areas of high potential for submerged prehistoric sites. Over 750 line km of detailed geophysical data (single-beam bathymetry) and 16 sediment cores were collected over a 30 km area of Rice Lake. Sediment cores were visually logged and analyzed for particle size, microfossils and microdebitage. Water-level reconstructions accounting for sediment infill and isostatic rebound of the lake record a post Lake Iroquois (after 12 ka BP) Early Holocene lowstand (~10-12 m below present level (bpl)) (EH-1). At 10 ka BP, gradually rising water-levels and establishment of wetlands as indicated by thecamoebian assemblages coincide with a newly discovered Paleoindian occupation of the Mcintyre basin, where quartz microdebitage was found. Waterlevel continued to rise to almost 2 m bpi until 6.5 ka BP, when warmer and drier temperatures caused a sudden drop in water-levels as recorded by a pollen hiatus. After 4 ka BP, water-levels quickly recovered and stabilized as shown by rapid recovery of pre-hiatus thecamoebian biofacies and the establishment of wild rice stands. The small number of known, well-preserved Great Lakes Paleoindian sites has limited analysis of Early Holocene population densities, migration patterns, cultural diffusion, or the chronology of settlement. The method of modelling water-level fluctuations and associated archaeological potential developed in this thesis represents a substantial advance in our understanding of Early Holocene archaeology in the Great Lakes. These methods will have broader application to exploration of submerged terrestrial landscapes elsewhere in the Great Lakes and will allow for future regional synthesis of archaeological site distribution and characteristics.
Consumption of the Organic Soil Layer in Southern Sweden during Fire Events and the Correlations with the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index (FWI) Risk Ratings.

The occurrence and thickness of organic layers in forests can significantly influence fire behavior. Complete understanding of the consumption of these layers during fire events is a knowledge gap that exists in southern Sweden. In this region, sixteen burned sites were measured for fermentation and humus layer thickness. These measurements were compared to those collected on an adjacent non-burned control site. Consumption was calculated to correlate with the numerical rating components of Duff Moisture Code (DMC), Drought Code (DC), Build-Up Index (BUI), and Forest Fire Weather Index (FWI) of the overall Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System (CFFDRS). The FWI numerical ratings focused upon in this study were found to be appropriate indicators for relative amounts of fermentation and humus organic layer consumption attributed to fire events in southern Sweden. In particular, variation of fermentation layer consumption was most clearly associated with the DMC, humus layer consumption with the DC, and total (fermentation and humus) organic layer consumption with both the DC and the BUI. On sites where root exposure and tree mortality were noted, consumption of the organic layer was relatively high and the DMC and DC numerical ratings were categorized as extreme or high risks. Site characteristics, in particular microtopography and vegetation, were significant factors in accounting for the amount of consumption of these organic layers. The efficacy of the FWI fire risk ratings for indicating organic layer consumption was bolstered when coupled with these site characteristics. Additionally, planning smoldering fires for forest ecological or management goals is facilitated by the FWI values.
Examples of Martian Sandstone: Indurated, Lithified, and Cratered Eolian Dunes in MGS MOC Images

Introduction: Eolian dunes are created from grains transported in wind by saltation and traction. Under martian conditions, as on Earth, the particles involved are typically sand-sized (62.5Ð2000 μm) [1]. Lithified dunes are sandstones. Sandstones derived from eolian dunes preserve the bedding characteristics of the parent bedforms, and the upper surface when it erodes can sometimes resemble the undulating surface of a dune field (this happens, for example, to provide the modern surface expression of the Navajo Sandstone where it outcrops on the Colorado Plateau in North America).
The Determinants of International Investment and Attention Allocation : Using Internet Search Query Data

The challenge of evaluating asymmetric information theories relies on assessing the pieces of information investors decide to process. This paper overcomes such challenge exploring a unique dataset containing the "search/click-through" behavior of internet search engine users. We analyze the relationship between attention allocation and international investment decisions by combining U.S. data on portfolio holdings of foreign securities with the attention allocated by America Online customers in search queries towards these countries. We nd evidence that: (i) agents tend to search more information about countries where they hold more assets, and (ii) agents tend to invest more in countries where they process more information.
Vegetation recovery across wildland fire severity gradients in western Montana

Following the active fire season of 2000, data from 100 transects established on the Bitterroot National Forest and Sula State Forest in west-central Montana were investigated to determine post-fire vegetation recovery as influenced by slope, aspect, slope shape, position on slope, habitat type group, firegroup, differing management history, and fire severity as judged by the overstory, understory, and soil. Transects within the Pseudotsuga menziesii habitat type series were established in 2001 and resampled in 2003. The post-fire plant community was dominated by survivors. Forb and graminoid cover remained nearly equal over the two year period, but shrubs and moss both showed significant increases in cover. Effects of salvage logging on vegetation within areas burned by stand-replacement fire were not significantly different from vegetation in areas that were not harvested post-fire. Vegetation in areas that were not salvaged displayed less variability in species abundance (high evenness) than vegetation in areas that were harvested post-fire. Multiple linear regression produced a model employing habitat type group, firegroup, understory cover 2001, mean patch size 2001, and overstory severity as the most suitable predictors of understory cover.
Loco-regional Staging of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma by Integrated F-FDG PET/MRI

Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on King's Research Portal is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Post-Print version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections.
Nitrate stable isotopes and major ions in snow and ice from Svalbard

As a potent fertilizer, reactive nitrogen plays an important role in Arctic ecosystems. Since the Arctic is a nutrient-limited environment, changes in nitrogen deposition can have severe impacts on local ecosystems. To quantify the amount of nitrogen deposited through snow and rain events, precipitation sampling was performed at Zeppelin Station, Svalbard, from November 2009 until May 2011. The samples were analysed for NO3-; nss-SO42- and NH4+ concentrations, and the deposition of single precipitation events was calculated using precipitation measurements taken at nearby Ny-Alesund. The majority of observed events showed concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 mg L-1 N for NO3- and NH4+ and from 0.02 to 0.3 mg L-1 S for nss-SO42-. The majority of calculated depositions ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 mg m(-2) N for NO3- and NH4+ and from 0.02 to 0.3 mg m(-2) S for nss-SO42-. The budget was controlled by strong deposition events, caused by long-lasting precipitation episodes that lasted for several days and which had raised concentrations of nitrogen and sulphur. Three future scenarios of increasing precipitation in the Arctic were considered. The results showed that deposition is mainly controlled by the amount of precipitation, which leads to the conclusion that increased precipitation might cause increases in deposition of the same magnitude.
Laryngealis szűkületek innovatív sebészi megoldásai újszülött-és csecsemőkorban

A veleszületett légúti szűkületek gyakran kombináltan jelentkeznek, és más szervrendszert is érintő kísérőbetegségek-kel, illetve malformációkkal is társulhatnak. Figyelembe véve ezeket a tényezőket, illetve a csecsemőkori légút speciá-lis anatómiáját és sérülékeny szöveteit, a felső légúti szűkületek sebészi kezelése újszülött-és csecsemőkorban igen nagy kihívást jelentő feladat, melynek célja a mihamarabbi definitív, stabil légút biztosítása a hangképzés és a nyelési funkció megőrzésével. A laryngomalacia, a hangszalagbénulás és a subglotticus stenosis együttesen a gége veleszüle-tett rendellenességeinek megközelítőleg 90%-áért felelős. A szerzők erre a három kórképre fókuszálva egy-egy eset kapcsán bemutatják a Szegedi Tudományegyetem Fül-Orr-Gégészeti és Fej-Nyaksebészeti Klinikáján működő légút-sebészeti munkacsoport által rutinszerűen alkalmazott
Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

T he problem of searching for the best values of the fuzzy logic parameters (T1FLS) is consider complex problems, and for type-2 fuzzy logic system (T2FLS) the problem is more complex, in special case interval type-2 fuzzy logic system (IT2FLS). The Researchers have used many methods and algorithms to solve this problem, and among the most important algorithms used in this field are the)Meta-heuristic) algorithms. Because Meta-heuristic algorithms have a high capacity in the practical field, so we used one of the modern algorithms in this field, which is the Whale Optimization algorithm (WOA). We are used the (WOA) algorithm together with the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) algorithm as a hybrid algorithm to find the best parameters for the IT2FLS. Whereas, the (WOA) algorithm was used to estimate the values of the antecedent for the system, and the (ELM) algorithm was used to find the values of the consequent parts in the system. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is effective for
The sensitivity of Sahel rainfall to global warming: implications for scenario analysis of future climate change impact

Inter-decadal rainfall variability in the Sahel during the course of the present century has been large and, on occasions, its impacts on environment and society have been catastrophic. Our understanding of the causes of this variability has progressed substantially over the last 25 years. The roles of land cover change, ocean circulation, and atmospheric aerosol concentrations have been stressed by various authors and in recent years there has been the establishment of an embryonic seasonal forecasting capability for Sahel rainfall. This paper explores the ability of the latest generation of Global Climate Models (GCMs) to simulate historic Sahelian rainfall variability and evaluates the sensitivity of simulated Sahel rainfall to future changes in greenhouse gas and sulphate aerosol concentrations under different emissions assumptions. Results from the suite of experiments performed by the UK Hadley Centre in 1995 and 1996 using the HADCM2 model, including ensemble simulations, are used. The implications of this analysis for scenarios of future rainfall change in the Sahel are highlighted and suggestions made about the conduct of future regional climate change impact assessments on environmental resources such as water and agriculture.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MYOPIC LOSS AVERSION AND THE EQUITY PREMIUM PUZZLE

The equity premium puzzle, first documented by Mehra and Prescott, refers to the empirical fact that stocks have greatly outperformed bonds over the last century. As Mehra and Prescott point out, it appears difficult to explain the magnitude of the equity premium within the usual economics paradigm because the level of risk aversion necessary to justify such a large premium is implausibly large. We offer a new explanation based on Kahneman and Tversky's prospect theory'. The explanation has two components. First, investors are assumed to be 'loss averse meaning they are distinctly more sensitive to losses than to gains. Second, investors are assumed to evaluate their portfolios frequently, even if they have long-term investment goals such as saving for retirement or managing a pension plan. We dub this combination 'myopic loss aversion'. Using simulations we find that the size of the equity premium is consistent with the previously estimated parameters of prospect theory if investors evaluate their portfolios annually. That is, investors appear to choose portfolios Jf they were operating with a time horizon of about one year. The same approach is then used to study the size effect. Preliminary results suggest that myopic loss aversion may also have some explanatory power for this anomaly.
Coronavirus Pandemic Student stress and worry related to distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused considerable stress and anxiety in the general population, especially among students. The objective of this study was to determine the stress and anxiety levels among medical rehabilitation students induced by distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: The sample for this prospective cross-sectional study included 96 students pursuing the medical rehabilitation undergraduate degree at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia. All respondents took part in an online survey created on the Google Forms platform and accessed via the Facebook social network. The questionnaire included a sociodemographic section, the perceived stress scale (PSS), and the worry about online learning scale (WOLS). All data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 25. Results: The study involved 96 students with an average age of 21.97 ± 1.55 years, 72.9% of whom were female. The total stress reported by the students during the COVID-19 pandemic was higher in females than in males (21.75 [SD = 7.50] vs. 17.84 [SD = 8.58]; p < 0.05). Younger students were more susceptible to experiencing stress during the pandemic (rho = -0.217, p < 0.05). Moreover, 57.3% of students suffered from moderate stress, while the WOLS scores indicated that distance education induced a high level of discomfort in this cohort (3.8 [IQR = 1.6]). Conclusions: Medical rehabilitation students showed a moderate level of stress and a high level of concern about distance education. This stress was more prevalent among younger students and females.
Urban land cover mapping using medium spatial resolution satellite imageries: effectiveness of Decision Tree Classifier

The study is inserted in the framework of information extraction from satellite imageries for supporting rapid mapping activities, where information need to be extracted quickly and the elimination, also if partially, of manual digitalization procedures, can be considered a great breakthrough. The main aim of this study was therefore to develop algorithms for the extraction of urban layer by means of medium spatial resolution Landsat data processing; Decision Tree classifier was investigated as classification techniques, thus it allows to extract rules that can be later applied to different scenes. In particular, the aim was to evaluate which steps to perform in order to obtain a good classification procedure, mainly focusing on processing that can be applied to images and on training set features. The training set was evaluated on the basis of the number of classes to use for its creation, together with the temporal extension of the training set and input attributes, while images were submitted to different kind of radiometric pre and post-processing. The aim was the evaluation of the best variables to set for the creation of the training set, to be used for the classifier generation. Above-mentioned variables were compared and results evaluated on the basis of reached accuracies. Data used for the validation were derived from the Digital Regional Technical Map
Quick calculation for sample size while controlling false discovery rate with application to microarray analysis

MOTIVATION Sample size calculation is important in experimental design and is even more so in microarray or proteomic experiments since only a few repetitions can be afforded. In the multiple testing problems involving these experiments, it is more powerful and more reasonable to control false discovery rate (FDR) or positive FDR (pFDR) instead of type I error, e.g. family-wise error rate (FWER). When controlling FDR, the traditional approach of estimating sample size by controlling type I error is no longer applicable. RESULTS Our proposed method applies to controlling FDR. The sample size calculation is straightforward and requires minimal computation, as illustrated with two sample t-tests and F-tests. Based on simulation with the resultant sample size, the power is shown to be achievable by the q-value procedure. AVAILABILITY A Matlab code implementing the described methods is available upon request.
Sexual conflict drives micro-and macroevolution of sexual 1 dimorphism in immunity 2

1. Department of Biological Sciences, Ashoka University. 7 2. Department of Ecology and Genetics, Program of Animal Ecology. Evolutionary 8 Biology Centre, Uppsala University. 9 3. Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia. 10 4. Department of Ecology and Genetics, Program of Evolutionary Biology. Evolutionary 11 Biology Centre, Uppsala University. 12 5. Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University. 13 6. Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Uppsala University. 14 7. Department of Organismal Biology, Program of Comparative Physiology. Uppsala 15 University. 16 17 † Corresponding author: david.berger@ebc.uu. se 18
Functional connectivity favors hyperactivity leading to synapse loss in amyloidosis

Hyperactivity is observed in early Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in multiple brain regions, including the visual cortex. We recently found that the postsynaptic structures favor visual cortex hyperactivity, which disrupts functional connectivity and leads to visual recognition memory deficits in a mouse AD model. It is unclear whether presynaptic structures also favor hyperactivity and whether hyperactivity depends on the target or source of presynaptic terminals. In addition, it is not well understood whether the functional connectivity of brain regions under nonpathological conditions predicts their hyperactivity in amyloid pathology. We used c-Fos immunolabeling under resting state conditions to map brain-wide neural activity and performed network analysis. We also quantified excitatory and inhibitory presynaptic terminals in hyperactive and non-hyperactive brain regions.We found that hyperactivity in the visual network originates in the cortex, and brain regions highly connected to the primary visual cortex in nonpathological conditions tend to be hyperactive in amyloid pathology. Immunolabeling presynaptic terminals from subcortical and cortical neurons show that the source rather than the target brain regions determine the vulnerability of synapses. Furthermore, we observed a reduction in presynaptic structures selectively in the hyperactive region, indicating presynaptic changes are unfavorable to hyperactivity. Brain regions with higher functional connectivity under nonpathological conditions are vulnerable to hyperactivity in amyloid pathology. Furthermore, presynapse loss may serve as an adaptation to maintain neuronal activity homeostasis.