Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Square-well gas collision integrals and diffusion in a square-well Lorentz gas

A representation for collision cross sections of a square‐well dilute gas mixture is developed that reduces their computation to the evaluation of one‐dimensional integrals with integrands of elementary closed form. Consequently, the computation of collision integrals and Chapman–Enskog and Kihara transport‐coefficient approximations, which depend on the collision cross sections, is analytically and numerically simplified. These results are then applied to the limiting case of a Lorentz gas, i.e., a dilute gas of mobile particles diffusing through a bed of scatterers that can be regarded as fixed. In particular, our results are used to evaluate the exact diffusion coefficient DL of a Lorentz gas with square‐well potential interactions as a function of both square‐well width and temperature, i.e., square‐well depth. (We treat here only the case in which the scatterers are dilute enough for the problem to be accurately described by a Boltzmann equation.) The exact DL is compared with its first and second Ch.
Distance and Displacement Measurements by Laser Technique

This special section is devoted to recent advances in distance measurement techniques. Following the Optical Distance Measurements and Applications ~ODIMAP! Workshops we organized in Nantes, France in 1997, and in Pavia, Italy in 1999, attended by more than 120 delegates from all over the world, we believe that distance measurement is still a very fertile ground for new ideas and engineering approaches, with a solid history of achievements behind it and a bright perspective of new achievements ahead. Indeed, the story of distance measurement and interferometric techniques is studded with big discoveries and surprising results. We may trace the first ones back to the Michelson interferometer ruling out the ether hypothesis, closely followed by the Sagnac and Fizeau interferometers supplying key results to check relativity. After the invention of the laser, the laser interferometer has become the workhorse of tool-machine and mechanical metrology, while its two-beam counterpart, the laserDoppler velocimeter as it is called, has filled the need for noncontact, precision anemometry. These two instruments have sold in the thousands of units per year for at least 30 years—a big success and a record in electro-optics instrumentation. Almost contemporary, the measurement of angular velocity through a Sagnac interferometer has generated the ring-laser gyro ~RLG! and the fiber-optic gyroscope ~FOG! —the heart of the inertial navigation unit ~INU! of any modern airliner. Also, since lasers became available, the pulsed and sine-wave telemeters have flourished and provided an invaluable tool both in aerospace and civil topography. Readers may remember the first big science experiment LURE ~Lunar Ranging Experiment! in 1969, when Apollo 11 astronauts brought several corner cubes onto the moon, and five large telescopes aimed a 1-J Q-switch pulse ruby laser on them, measuring the earth–moon distance with a 30-cm resolution. Nowadays, telemetry of satellites is a basic tool in geodesy of the earth, and last year the Mars Orbiting Laser Altimeter ~MOLE! returned an amazing map of the red planet with 100-3100-m pixel resolution. Meanwhile, work is in progress to complete multikilometer arm, 10-m resolution interferometers intended to sense gravitational waves, with a capability of detecting gravitational collapse of stars megaparsec away. These developments, and their fallout in industrial applications, are very promising of an exciting prospect for interferometry, range finding, and distance measurement techniques. In this special section we have collected original papers on the different aspects of this field, and we hope this will provide a useful picture of the current state of the art as well as a stimulus for further advances.
Stability of Spinning Satellite Under Axial Thrust, Internal Mass Motion, and Damping

The paper extends and clarifies the stability results for a spinning satellite under axial thrust in the presence of internal damped mass motion. It is known that prolate and oblate satellite configurations can be stabilized by damped mass motion. Here, the stability boundaries are established by exploiting the properties of the complex characteristic equation and the results are interpreted in terms of the physical system parameters. When the thrust level is the only free parameter, both prolate and oblate satellites can be stabilized provided that the thrust is within a specified range. This result is in contrast to the well-known maximum-axis rule for a free spinner where damping is always stabilizing (destabilizing) for an oblate (prolate) satellite. When adding a suitable spring-mass system, the minimum value of the spring constant that stabilizes the configuration can be established. In practice, however, the damping may well be too weak to be effective. Numerical illustrations are presented for the.
Gain scheduled SPR controllers for nonlinear flexible systems

The problem of scheduling strictly positive real (SPR) dynamic compensation for control of nonlinear flexible systems which exhibit collocated inputs and outputs is explored. The major application is the robust motion control of structurally flexible systems whose dynamics possess significant configuration dependence. Included in this class are flexible robot manipulators. The issue of designing a linear time-invariant SPR compensator for control of a nonlinear system is examined. Controller performance is enhanced by scheduling a series of such designs and a scheduling algorithm is developed which preserves robust stability with respect to the nonlinear plant model. Global asymptotic stability of equilibrium setpoints is proven when the scheduled SPR compensator is used in conjunction with a proportional feedback gain. A numerical example employing a two-link flexible manipulator is used to illustrate the approach and compare the efficacy of different scheduling algorithms.
A Runge–Kutta, Taylor–Galerkin scheme for hyperbolic systems with source terms. Application to shock wave propagation in viscoplastic geomaterials

This paper presents an alternative formulation of Solid Dynamics problems based on (i) a mathematical model consisting of a system of hyperbolic PDEs where the source term is originated by the viscoplastic strain rate and (ii) a splitting scheme where the two‐step Taylor–Galerkin is used for the advective part of the PDE operator while the sources are integrated using a fourth‐order Runge–Kutta. Use of the splitting scheme results in a higher accuracy than that of the original two‐step Taylor–Galerkin. The scheme performs well when used with linear triangle or tetrahedra for (i) bending‐dominated situations (ii) localized failure under dynamic conditions and keeps the advantages of the two‐step Taylor–Galerkin concerning numerical dispersion and damping of short wavelengths. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some Observations of Rotating Updrafts in a Low-Buoyancy, Highly Sheared Environment

Abstract The authors document some of the unusual rotating updrafts (one of which produced a tornado) that developed over central Oklahoma on 28 October 1998 in an environment of strong (1.8 × 10−2 s−1) low-level (0–3 km) mean shear. The maximum convective available potential energy (including virtual temperature effects) a “storm” could have realized was approximately 300 J kg−1; however, most of the storms probably realized less than 100 J kg−1. Average (maximum) parcel virtual temperature excesses were estimated to be 0.4–1.2 K (1.8–2.8 K). Echo tops were measured from less than 5 km to 11.2 km above ground level (AGL), although visual observations and radar data suggested echoes that extended above approximately 5–6 km AGL were not associated with significantly buoyant cloud elements. Radar characteristics of many of the storms were similar to supercell storms (e.g., weak echo regions, echo overhang, velocity couplets, hook echoes), as were some of the visual characteristics near cloud base (e.g., wal.
Oxygen sensors made by monolayer graphene under room temperature

The electrical resistivity of monolayer graphene exhibit significant changes upon expose to different concentration of oxygen (O2) at room temperature. The monolayer graphene, grown by chemical vapor deposition with perfect uniformity within 1 cm × 1 cm will attach O2 molecules and enhance the hole conductivity, which will lead to a change of resistivity of graphene thin film. We quantified the change of resistivity of graphene versus different O2 concentration and the detection limit of the simple O2 sensor was 1.25% in volume ratio.
Magnetoelectric coupling in Terfenol-D/polyvinylidenedifluoride composites

The elastic coupling in the ferromagnetic/ferroelectric composite Terfenol-D/polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) leads to a magnetic field induced magnetoelectric (ME) effect: an applied magnetic field creates a piezomagnetic strain in the Terfenol-D that in turn induces a piezoelectric charge or voltage in the PVDF. This letter reports a MEH coefficient of 1.43 V/(cm Oe) in agreement with an analytical calculation based on the properties of the components. The ME coupling coefficient of this composite is 11%.
Near-infrared spectra of cataclysmic variables

We present results from the first systematic survey of the near-infrared (1-2.5 μm) spectra of cataclysmic variables. Emission lines of H I and He I are present in most objects. He II emission is observed in V Sge. Lines from high-ionization species may be present in TT Ari and SS Cyg. Absorption features typical of late-type stars are detected in some systems. Spectra of SS Cyg over several years show possible variability of the absorption line strengths. On some occasions the absorption lines in SS Cyg may be stronger than those expected from a K5 V star
Isolate some Bacteria Depending on the Lifestyle Diabetics Patients.

Diabetes mellitus, describes a group of metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose (blood sugar), either because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body’s cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both. Patients with high blood sugar will typically experience polyuria (frequent urination), they will become increasingly thirsty (polydipsia) and hungry (polyphagia). The population of bacteria and microbes that live in our gut is called the gut microbiome. which are divided into two categories of useful (non-pathogenic) and harmful (pathogenic) bacteria. Disease occurs when the ratio of harmful to beneficial bacteria increases. It is known that these microbes play a role in various systems in the human body, including the immune system, allergies, inflammation in the body, and cancer. Escherichia coli bacteria (E. coli) is the most studied bacteria in the world. E coli, is a rod-shaped gram-negative bacterium that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded animals. E. coli is also found in birds, fish and reptiles
A parametric investigation of state-space-based prediction error methods with stochastic excitation for structural health monitoring

The dynamic response of structures has often been used as a basis for analysis within the field of structural health monitoring. Recent work has presented the use of the state-space representation of the structural response to extract damage sensitive features. One particular feature involves using a baseline attractor to predict the evolution of an attractor at some later time, and using the prediction error to determine the presence and extent of damage. Such state-space-based methods are reliant on a number of parameters related to excitation type, reconstruction of the attractor, and prediction technique. This work investigates the effect of the various parameters on prediction error results and the ability to detect damage for both a computational model and an experimental test structure, with emphasis placed on the use of a band-limited stochastic excitation.
Randomization tests for small samples: an application for genetic expression data

Summary. An advantage of randomization tests for small samples is that an exact P‐value can be computed under an additive model. A disadvantage with very small sample sizes is that the resulting discrete distribution for P‐values can make it mathematically impossible for a P‐value to attain a particular degree of significance. We investigate a distribution of P‐values that arises when several thousand randomization tests are conducted simultaneously using small samples, a situation that arises with microarray gene expression data. We show that the distribution yields valuable information regarding groups of genes that are differentially expressed between two groups: a treatment group and a control group. This distribution helps to categorize genes with varying degrees of overlap of genetic expression values between the two groups, and it helps to quantify the degree of overlap by using the P‐value from a randomization test. Moreover, a statistical test is available that compares the actual distribution of P‐values with an expected distribution if there are no genes that are differentially expressed. We demonstrate the method and illustrate the results by using a microarray data set involving a cell line for rheumatoid arthritis. A small simulation study evaluates the effect that correlated gene expression levels could have on results from the analysis.
Anti-parasitic activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles against Eimeria tenella in broilers experimentally infected

In the study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNOPs) at concentrations of 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg were tested for their antimicrobial action against the oocysts of Eimeria tenella . The oocysts of E. tenella were isolated from the feces of broilers received at the veterinary hospital in Diwaniyah Province and initially diagnosed by compound optical microscopy. The oocysts were confirmed molecularly by polymerase chain reaction targeting the ITS1 gene with a molecular weight of 409 bp. The results in the first week showed that ZNOP concentrations of 20 and 40 mg/kg possess various activities against E. tenella , while 60 mg/kg was the most effective in reducing excreted oocysts compared to the positive control and amprolium group, along with the appearance of mild symptoms and a mortality rate of 0.8%. In the second week of infection, excreted oocysts and mortality rates generally decreased in all treated groups. A comparison of all groups showed that the 60 mg/kg ZNOP-treated group had a significantly lower number of excreted oocysts, and all birds in this group recovered during the second week of infection. These findings revealed the prospect of using ZNOPs against E. tenella in challenging situations of the appearance of resistance to anticoccidial agents.
Rayleigh wave phase velocity and error maps up to the fifth overtone

We present a global data set of phase velocity maps for Rayleigh waves, with their errors. These maps are obtained from the tomographic inversion of phase velocity curves measured in the period range 40–250 s by Debayle and Ricard (2012), completed with new measurements at longer periods, between 150 and 360 s. The full data set includes ∼22,000,000 phase velocity measurements combined to build 60 phase velocity maps covering the period range 40–360 s for the fundamental mode and up to the fifth overtone. Each phase velocity map is provided with its a posteriori error, resulting in a unique data set which can be combined with other seismic measurements (surface waves, normal modes, and body waves) in regional and global tomographic studies. A preliminary inversion of this data set shows that it provides constraints on the shear velocity structure down to 1000 km depth.
On q dependence of thermal transport in tokamaks

Analysis based on a gyro-kinetic ballooning stability code predicts that both the ion and electron thermal diffusivities, due to the ion temperature gradient (ITG) and electron temperature gradient (ETG) modes, respectively, increase with the safety factor q almost linearly. In the case of ITG driven ion thermal diffusivity, the q dependence originates from the coupling to the ion acoustic mode, and in the case of the electron thermal diffusivity due to the ETG mode, it emerges from the coupling to the skin size drift mode. In the ETG mode, charge neutrality does not hold for typical tokamak discharges, and mixing length estimates yield a thermal diffusivity large enough to be relevant to experiments.
A self-normalized full time-resolved scheme for fluorescence diffuse optical tomography

A full time-resolved scheme that has been previously applied in diffuse optical tomography is extended to time-domain fluorescence diffuse optical tomography regime, based on a finite-element-finite-time-difference photon diffusion modeling and a Newton-Raphson inversion framework. The merits of using full time-resolved data are twofold: it helps evaluate the intrinsic performance of time-domain mode for improvement of image quality and set up a 'gold standard' for the development of computationally efficient featured-data-based algorithms, and provides a self-normalized implementation to preclude the necessary for the scaling-factor calibration and spectroscopic-feature assessments of the system as well as to overcome the adversity of system instability. We validate the proposed methodology using simulated data, and evaluate its performances in simultaneously recovering the fluorescent yield and lifetime as well as its superiority to the featured-data one in the fidelity of image reconstruction.
Drops pushing by Marangoni forces

Numerical simulations and laboratory experiments show that Marangoni effects are responsible for a pushing force on a droplet interacting with a solid wall in the presence of a temperature gradient. The results clarify questions of interest in the field of material science, in particular, they may provide some explanation for the minority phase separation observed during solidification processes under microgravity conditions.
Equivalence of Cellular Automata to Ising Models and Directed Percolation

Time development of cellular automata in $d$ dimensions is mapped onto equilibrium statistical mechanics of Ising models in $d+1$ dimensions. Directed percolation is equivalent to a cellular automaton, and thus to an Ising model. For a particular case of directed percolation we find ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}=2$, ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=1$, ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=0$.
Effect of circadian clock and claudin regulations on inulin-induced calcium absorption in the mouse intestinal tract

Dietary calcium supplementation has been shown to be an effective adjunct therapy in an inflammatory bowel disease model. Soluble dietary fiber reduces intestinal pH and is known to enhance calcium absorption. Although many circadian clock regulations of nutrient absorption in the intestinal tract have been reported, the effects of clock regulation on calcium absorption have yet to be understood. In this study, we investigated the timing of efficient calcium intake by measuring urinary calcium excretion in mice. The diurnal variations in channel-forming tight junctions (claudins) were detected in both the jejunum and ileum. Following 2 days of feeding with a Ca2+-free diet, Ca2+-containing diets with or without soluble fiber (inulin) were fed at specific timings, and urine was subsequently examined every 4 hr. There was an evident increase in urinary calcium concentration when the inulin diet was fed at the beginning of the resting period. The Claudin 2 (Cldn2) expression level also showed a significant day-night change, which seemed to be a mechanism for the increased calcium excretion after inulin intake. This diurnal rhythm and enhanced Cldn2 expression were abolished by disruption of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the central clock in the hypothalamus. This study suggests that intestinal calcium absorption might be modulated by the circadian clock and that the intake of inulin is more effective at the beginning of the resting period in mice.
Multiscale image restoration in nuclear medicine

This work develops, analyzes and validates a new multiscale restoration framework for denoising and deconvolution in photon limited imagery. Denoising means the estimation of the intensity of a Poisson process from a single observation of the counts, whereas deconvolution refers to the recovery of an object related through a linear system of equations to the intensity function of the Poisson data. The developed framework has been named DeQuant in analogy to Denoising when the noise is of Quantum nature. DeQuant works according to the following scheme. (1) It starts by testing the statistical significance of the wavelet coefficients of the Poisson process, based on the knowledge of their probability density function. (2) A regularization constraint assigns a new value to the non significant coefficients enabling therewith to reduce artifacts and incorporate realistic prior information into the estimation process. Finally, (3) the application of the inverse wavelet transform yields the restored object. The whole procedure is iterated before obtaining the final estimate. The validation of DeQuant on nuclear medicine images showed excellent results. The obtained estimates enable a greater diagnostic confidence in clinical nuclear medicine since they give the physician the access to the diagnosis relevant information with a measure of the significance of the detected structures.
Histodevelopmental study of Heart development in Local Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus Cuniculus): prenatal study

The study designed to investigate the histological modification of heart tube during the development stage in local domestic rabbits embryo. The experimental animals were distributed into four groups each group consist of one male Rabbit and three female Rabbits. The pregnant female in all groups were sacrificed at the end of each period. The result showed the early stage of heart development at (4, 6, 8 and 10) days of gestation period, the first embryonic evidence of embryo was the neural tube formation belong the longitudinal axes of embryo. The result noted the primary divisions of neural tube in cephalic region of embryo. The result noted at six day of development time showed prominent cardiogenic plate located in limited region called intra embryonic cavity. The micrograph at eight day of heart development showed the heart tube have prominent wide ends, while at ten day noted establishment of primitive heart regions which included the truncus areriosus, bulbo cordis, atrium, ventricle and sinus venosus .
Diagnosis of borderline personality disorder based on Cyberball social exclusion task and resting-state fMRI: using machine learning approach as an auxiliary tool

ABSTRACT To diagnose patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) based on Cyberball social exclusion task and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using machine learning approach. In the current study, the researchers used fMRI images to examine social brain function and learning in BPD. Thirty-six participants completed the ‘Cyberball’ task. Data questionnaire and features extracted from fMRI data were used to diagnose BPD. In this study, three statistical models were used to diagnosing BPD, and the best model was introduced based on appropriate criteria. Also, important features are identified by the models. Totally, 20 people had BPD and 16 were healthy. 83.3% were women and 16.7% men. Logistic Lasso Regression (LLR) was the best model for the diagnosis of patients with BPD. Physical abuse, sexual abuse and the use of antidepressants and antipsychotic drugs were selected as important features by the models. Due to the structure of the machine learning models used in the study, there is no need to feature selection stage and important features can be identified in the models. Also, the diagnosis of BPD has been done with high accuracy, so that clinical physicians can diagnose BPD with all available information, including questionnaire information and fMRI data.