Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Retreat and Regrowth of the Greenland Ice Sheet During the Last Interglacial as Simulated by the CESM2‐CISM2 Coupled Climate–Ice Sheet Model

During the Last Interglacial, approximately 129 to 116 ka (thousand years ago), the Arctic summer climate was warmer than the present, and the Greenland Ice Sheet retreated to a smaller extent than its current state. Previous model‐derived and geological reconstruction estimates of the sea‐level contribution of the Greenland Ice Sheet during the Last Interglacial vary widely. Here, we conduct a transient climate simulation from 127 to 119 ka using the Community Earth System Model (CESM2), which includes a dynamic ice sheet component (the Community Ice Sheet Model, CISM2) that is interactively coupled to the atmosphere, land, ocean, and sea ice components. Vegetation distribution is updated every 500 years based on biomes simulated using a monthly climatology to force the BIOME4 equilibrium vegetation model. Results show a substantial retreat of the Greenland Ice Sheet, reaching a minimum extent at 121.9 ka, equivalent to a 3.0 m rise in sea level relative to the present day, followed by gradual regrowth. In contrast, a companion simulation employing static vegetation based on pre‐industrial conditions shows a much smaller ice‐sheet retreat, highlighting the importance of the changes in high‐latitude vegetation distribution for amplifying the ice‐sheet response.
Efficacy and safety of mecobalamin combined with vestibular rehabilitation training for acute vestibular neuritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of mecobalamin combined with vestibular rehabilitation training in acute vestibular neuritis and to improve the clinical therapeutic effect in vestibular nerve disease. METHODS We performed a literature search of the PubMed, Medline, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and other databases from the date of establishment of the database until the present. The search terms included "mecobalamin", "vestibular rehabilitation training", "vestibular rehabilitation therapy", and "vestibular neuritis". References of the comparative study of vestibular rehabilitation training and vestibular rehabilitation training combined with mecobalamin were screened. Boolean logic retrieval was adopted, and Review Manager software was employed. RESULTS Meta-analysis was conducted on a total of four studies with a low risk of bias. The activities specific balance confidence scale (ABC) scores of the two groups were heterogeneous (Chi2=8.56, I2=88%, P=0.003), and a fixed-effect model (FEM) analysis indicated that there were no significant differences in the ABC between the groups after treatment (Z=0.67, P=0.50). It may be that mecobalamin combined with vestibular rehabilitation training effectively alleviated the symptoms of vestibular neuritis in the experimental group, thereby reducing the canal paresis (CP) value. In addition, there was no heterogeneous dizziness handicap inventory (DHI) between the groups after treatment (Chi2=20.75, I2=86%, P=0.0001); finite element method (FEM) analysis showed that the DHI of the experimental group after 6 months of treatment was notably lower compared to that of the control group (Z=3.20, P=0.001). DISCUSSION Mecobalamin combined with vestibular rehabilitation training can effectively improve vertigo and other symptoms of acute vestibular neuritis patients, with high effectiveness and safety.
Environment Change and Sustainable Livelihoods in Ethnic Villages Tourism Development of China

The rapid development of ethnic tourism in China has led to changes in the social and economic environment and local livelihood strategies. This study aims to illustrate the environmental changes and the effects of livelihood strategies in ethnic tourism development. Based on the Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA), this study proposed the Sustainable Tourism Livelihood Framework (STLF) and designed the indicator system. The Jinglai ethnic tourism village case study showed the changing process and comparison of livelihood capitals with different livelihood strategies. The study found that the number of Tourism-based Strategies (TBS)and Tourism Strategies (TS) families increases, and the TS livelihood capital is the highest, and the Highly Participation Degree (HPD) family’s capital is also higher. Meanwhile, family members have intergenerational differences in livelihood strategies. Finally, the suggestions about tourism community governance, such as environmental governance, knowledge training, and sustainable assessment, were proposed.
Moist Static Potential Vorticity Budget in Tropical Motion Systems

Analyses of simple models of moist tropical motion systems reveal that the column-mean moist static potential vorticity (MSPV) can explain their propagation and growth. The MSPV is akin to the equivalent PV except it uses moist static energy (MSE) instead of the equivalent potential temperature. Examination of an MSPV budget that is scaled for moist off-equatorial synoptic-scale systems reveals that α, the ratio between the vertical gradients of latent and dry static energies, describes the relative contribution of dry and moist advective processes to the evolution of MSPV. Horizontal advection of the moist component of MSPV, a process akin to horizontal MSE advection, governs the evolution of synoptic-scale systems in regions of high humidity. On the other hand, horizontal advection of dry PV predominates in a dry atmosphere. Derivation of a “moist static” wave activity density budget reveals that α also describes the relative importance of moist and dry processes to wave activity amplification and decay. Linear regression analysis of the MSPV budget in eastern Pacific easterly waves shows that the MSPV anomalies originate over the eastern Caribbean and propagate westward due to dry PV advection. They are amplified by the fluxes of the moist component of MSPV over the Caribbean sea and over the eastern Pacific from 105-130°W, underscoring the importance of moist processes in these waves. On the other hand, dry PV convergence amplifies the waves from 90-100°W, likely as a result of the barotropic energy conversions that occur in this region.
Problems with radiated-emission testing at 3 m distance according to CISPR 11 and CISPR 22

The standards CISPR 11 and CISPR 22 specify different extrapolation factors for radiated-emission test data measured at 3-m distance. The authors have experimentally determined extrapolation factors for a personal computer that radiated the signal from a comb generator via its wiring harness and for a battery-powered reference radiator. Results show that factors can vary between -18 dB and -1 dB. It is concluded that, based on the present specifications, compliance tests at 3-m distance should not be allowed. <<ETX>>
Radio Frequency U‐Shape Slot Antenna Design with Niti Shape Memory Alloys

In this article, a novel instruments, scientific, measurements (ISM) band antenna which includes NiTi shape memory alloy is proposed and its return loss, impedance bandwidth, and gain performance are analyzed. A NiTi‐based U‐shape antenna operating at 2.4 GHz having 12.3% bandwidth has been utilized as a reference antenna. The 10‐dB return loss bandwidth of the proposed antenna is found to be 12.3%, which covers the recently proposed communication applications. In addition, it has been shown that NiTi antenna improves the radiation pattern. The gain of the NiTi antenna is higher than 6 dBi. An accurate electromagnetic model of the NiTi antenna is developed. The computed and measured results showed good agreement for copper, aluminum, and NiTi antennas. The NiTi‐based antenna shows stable gain and radiation patterns over the frequency range of 2–3 GHz. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2976–2984, 2013
Cross correlation techniques applied to the measurement of PM and AM noise in pulsed amplifiers

This paper describes a very fast, automated two-channel cross-correlation based system for measuring phase noise and amplitude noise in pulsed amplifiers. The system uses in-situ calibration to achieve an uncertainty of less than 1 dB for a 10% duty cycle. A typical single-sideband (SSB) noise floor at X-band is -158 dB below the carrier in a 1 Hz bandwidth (-158 dBc/Hz) for a 10% duty cycle and a measurement time of 30 s. The SSB noise floor for a 2% duty cycle is approximately -148 dBc/Hz.
REVITALIZATION OF KÜTAHYA'S CBD IN TURKEY

Kutahya has been the cradle of many cultures throughout the history. Especially, its population grew after the Turkish occupation and the city expanded beyond the walls of the city. Traditional life characteristics and traditional production stiles survived till now such as ceramics, textile, leather, carpets and handcrafts. Thus, the old CBD continue to preservative the business vitality together with religious, social and civil architecture examples and its conservative people. So, preservation of urban structure and buildings of CBD is the subject of this paper due to its potential for future development. A survey was conducted to the owners of the business on the main street, which has a potential for pedestration. According to the results, the pedestration of the main street will create possibilities for the development of tourism, trade, handcraft, cafe shops, restaurants, hotels and pensions. Therefore, the preservation project of CBD and pedestration of the main street will provide the opportunity for the renovation of the historical buildings, increase demand for their use for different functions which will increase the vitality of the old CBD. Furthermore, the project will also nurture the vitality of the community and to encourage existing residents to remain in the area, thereby preventing it from becoming a declined business center. Thus, the results of the study can be useful for policy makers, urban planners and investors.
Analytical performance of CBOC-modulated Galileo E1 signal using sine BOC(1,1) receiver for mass-market applications

Composite Binary Offset Carrier (CBOC) modulation has been selected for the future Galileo signals to be used in mass-market applications. CBOC consists of a superposition of two sine Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) waveforms: a sine BOC(1,1) and a sine BOC(6,1) component. CBOC modulation has higher spectral components than BPSK modulation currently used in GPS, and therefore would require a wider bandwidth than what is currently used in mass-market GPS receivers in order to achieve the full performance. Fortunately, CBOC signals can be processed with a sine BOC(1,1) receiver, with lower bandwidth and sampling frequency needs. This paper analyzes how much deterioration (if any) in terms of tracking accuracy (i.e., code tracking error variance and robustness to multipath) occurs when we process a CBOC signal with a reference sine BOC(1,1) receiver (instead of processing it with a CBOC receiver). The analysis focuses especially on narrowband receiver cases (i.e., front-end double-sided bandwidth lower or equal to 5 MHz), which are the cases of interest in mass-market applications. Analytical closed-form expressions of signal Power Spectral Densities (PSD) are derived by taking into account the rate differences of the two components of CBOC signal, and tracking results are analyzed in terms of tracking error variances and multipath error envelopes.
Asymmetric coplanar inverted L-strip-fed monopole antenna with modified ground for dual band application

A compact asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)-fed monopole antenna for dual-band application is presented. The single-layer antenna composed of inverted L-shaped exciting strip and an L-shaped lateral ground plane. The antenna resonating at two different frequencies, 2.4 and 5.8 GHz is covering the wireless local area network/radio frequency identification bands. The antenna has an overall dimension of 35 × 5.7 mm2 when printed on a substrate of dielectric constant 4.4 and loss tangent 0.02. The planar design, simple feeding, and compactness make it easy for the integration of the antenna into circuit boards. Details of the antenna design, and simulated and experimental results are presented and discussed. The experimental result shows good conformity with simulated results. The simulation tool based on the method of moments (Mentor Graphics IE3D version 15.10) has been used to analyze and optimize the antenna.
Chaos analysis in a millimeter-wave self-oscillating mixer

Chaotic responses are often experimentally encountered in self-oscillating mixers (SOMs), based on IMPATT diodes. In this letter, a chaotic SOM is analyzed, determining the bifurcation sequence that leads from standard operation to chaotic behavior. This analysis has been carried out as a function of the most influential parameters, encountering several torus doublings, which precede the chaotic response. A technique has been developed in order to predict the initial torus doubling from harmonic balance (HB) simulations. This permits the avoidance of the SOM anomalous behavior at the design stage. Excellent agreement has been found between frequency and time domain simulations, both in good correspondence with experimental results.
NETWORKING AND SECURITY SOLUTIONS FOR VANET INITIAL DEPLOYMENT STAGE

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a special case of mobile networks, where vehicles equipped with computing/communicating devices (called "smart vehicles") are the mobile wireless nodes. However, the movement pattern of these mobile wireless nodes is no more random, as in case of mobile networks, rather it is restricted to roads and streets. Vehicular networks have hybrid architecture; it is a combination of both infrastructure and infrastructure-less architectures. The direct vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication is infrastructure-less or ad hoc in nature. Here the vehicles traveling within communication range of each other form an ad hoc network. On the other hand, the vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication has infrastructure architecture where vehicles connect to access points deployed along roads. These access points are known as road side units (RSUs) and vehicles communicate with other vehicles/wired nodes through these RSUs. To provide various services to vehicles, RSUs are generally connected to each other and to the Internet. The direct RSU to RSU communication is also referred as I2I communication. The success of VANET depends on the existence of pervasive roadside infrastructure and sufficient number of smart vehicles. Most VANET applications and services are based on either one or both of these requirements. A fully matured VANET will have pervasive roadside network and enough vehicle density to enable VANET applications. However, the initial deployment stage of VANET will be characterized by the lack of pervasive roadside infrastructure and low market penetration of smart vehicles. It will be economically infeasible to initially install a pervasive and fully networked roadside infrastructure, which could result in the failure of applications and services that depend on V2I or I2I communications. Further, low market penetration means there are insufficient number of smart vehicles to enable V2V communication, which could result in failure of services and applications that depend on V2V communications. Non-availability of pervasive connectivity to certification authorities and dynamic locations of each vehicle will make it difficult and expensive to implement security solutions that are based on some central certificate management authority. Non-availability of pervasive connectivity will also affect the backend connectivity of vehicles to the Internet or the rest of the world. Due to economic considerations, the installation of roadside infrastructure will take a long time and will be incremental thus resulting in a heterogeneous infrastructure with non-consistent capabilities. Similarly, smart vehicles will also have varying degree of capabilities. This will result in failure of applications and services that have very strict requirements on V2I or V2V communications. We have proposed several solutions to overcome the challenges described above that will be faced during the initial deployment stage of VANET. Specifically, we have proposed: 1) a VANET architecture that can provide services…
On the design of high-performance surface-mounted PM motors

This paper considers the major design factors which constrain the maximum acceleration capability of surface-mounted neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet motors as used in servo drives. Expressions are derived for typical achievable values of the air-gap flux density and the linear current density around the stator periphery. For applications with small values of the duty factor, the stator linear current density is limited by the need to avoid demagnetization. For larger values of duty factor, the constraint is the ability of the cooling system to remove the heat losses within the magnet and insulation temperature limits. The paper derives general approximate expressions for maximum torque and acceleration limits, and shows graphs from which the range of acceleration capability of a permanent magnet motor in a given application can be assessed. The constraints involved in matching the motor design to an inverter with given maximum voltage capability are also discussed. >
The Economics of Scale: Using Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) for Wide-Area Hydrographic Survey and Ocean Data Acquisition

This paper discusses the use of the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) for hydrographic surveying and environmental data acquisition. The AUV is an augmenting technology that offers real potential to increase cost-effectively the quantity of ocean data acquisition while significantly improving data quality. The paper provides an appropriate introduction to AUVs, with examples of some of the many commercial vehicles in use. Contemporary vehicles are discussed together with some of the more relevant research and developments that are taking place. An overview of the ocean survey public sector and the commercial market is considered as a means of providing a scale for assessing the impact of AUV technology. Each of these sectors is discussed and areas identified where AUVs can offer cost savings, the benefit of efficient wide-area acquisition, for ocean monitoring and as augmenting/facilitating technological solutions to solve challenging problems. CONTACT
Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: Personalized therapy using ADAMTS‐13 activity and autoantibodies

Recently, treatment of immune‐mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITTP) has changed with the advent of caplacizumab in clinical practice. The International Working Group (IWG) has recently integrated the ADAMTS‐13 activity/autoantibody monitoring in consensus outcome definitions. We report three ITTP cases during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, that received a systematic evaluation of ADAMTS‐13 activity and autoantibodies. We describe how the introduction of caplacizumab and ADAMTS‐13 monitoring could change the management of ITTP patients and discuss whether therapeutic choices should be based on the clinical response alone. ADAMTS‐13 activity/antibodies were assessed every 5 days. Responses were evaluated according to updated IWG outcome definitions. These kinetics, rather than clinical remission, guided the therapy, allowing early and safe caplacizumab discontinuation and sensible administration of rituximab. Caplacizumab was cautiously discontinued after achieving ADAMTS‐13 complete remission. These cases illustrate that prospective ADAMTS‐13 evaluation and use of updated IWG definitions may improve real‐life patients’ management in the caplacizumab era.
Input-to-state stability for large-scale stochastic impulsive systems with state delay

Abstract This article addresses a class of large-scale stochastic impulsive systems with time delay and time-varying input disturbance having bounded magnitude. The main interest is to develop sufficient conditions for the input-to-state stability (ISS) and stabilization in the presence of impulsive effects. The method of Razumikhin–Lyapunov function is used to develop the ISS and stabilization properties. Later, these results are applied to a class of control systems where the controller actuators are susceptible to failures. It should be noted that our results are delay independent, and the designed reliable controller is robust with respect to the actuator failures and to the system uncertainties. It is also observed that if the isolated continuous system is ISS and subjected to bounded impulsive effects, then the resulting impulsive system preserves the ISS property. Moreover, if the isolated continuous subsystems are all ISS and the interconnection amongst them is bounded from above, then the impulsive interconnected system is ISS provided that the degree of stability of each subsystem is larger than the magnitude of interconnection. If the underlying continuous system is unstable, then the input-to-state stabilization of the impulsive system is guaranteed if the stabilizing impulses are applied to the system frequently. As an implication to these results, if the input disturbance is zero, then the input-to-state stability (or stabilization) reduces to the stability (or stabilization) of the equilibrium state of the underlying disturbance-free system. A numerical example and simulations are provided to illustrate the proposed results.
Contrast implementation affects phonetic variability: A case study of Hindi and English stops

There is a large body of work in phonetics and phonology demonstrating sources and structure of acoustic variability, showing that variability in speech production is not random. This paper examines the question of how variability itself varies across languages and speakers, arguing that differences in extent of variability are also systematic. A classic hypothesis from Dispersion Theory (Lindblom, 1986) posits a relationship between extent of variability and phoneme inventory size, but this has been shown to be inadequate for predicting differences in phonetic variability. I propose an alternative hypothesis, Contrast-Dependent Variation, which considers cue weight of individual phonetic dimensions rather than size of phonemic inventories. This is applied to a case study of Hindi and American English stops and correctly predicts more variability in English stop closure voicing relative to Hindi, but similar amounts of lag time variability in both languages. In addition to these group-level between- language differences, the results demonstrate how patterns of individual speaker differences are language-specific and conditioned by differences in phonological contrast implementation.
A Smart-driver Based Method for Preventing SQL Injection Attacks

SQL injection is one of the most destructive network attacks that can lead to information leakage from the database including username, password, addresses, phone number and credit card statement and so on. This information may lead to huge loss to commercial vendor, and even threaten to the national security. In this paper we put forward a novel approach in which we define a new role called smart-driver that located between the web application and the back-end database. The smart-driver will only give normal users the information belonging to them by distributing a random number to the users as their identifier or reject masquerade behavior of invalid users. By analyses, we prove that our method is more safety and can effectively protect our web application.