Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inversion of the Kechika Trough, Northeastern British Columbia, Canada

Summary The Kechika Trough, in the western Rocky Mountains of northern Canada, is a NW-trending fold and thrust belt of Hadrynian through Mississippian strata within the telescoped passive margin of ancestral North America. The Kechika Trough underwent major crustal extension in the Mid-Late Devonian with the deposition of coarse to fine ‘Antler’ type black clastics in an asymmetrical basin consisting of a terraced half-graben system to the west and a roll-over structure to the east. Inversion and contraction of the Kechika Trough occurred during the Jurassic-Cretaceous Columbian-Laramide orogeny. The geometries of the resultant fold and thrust systems were strongly controlled by the half-graben extensional architectures and by the geometries of the synrift sediment packages. Inversion structures include contractionally reactivated extensional faults, rotated and re-utilized extensional faults, and thrust faults pinned by extensional faults as a result of buttressing against rigid sediment wedges. Inversion of the synrift sediments is associated with strongly developed chevron folding, pervasive cleavage development and imbrication by out-of-half-graben thrust faults. These thrust faults may locally climb down stratigraphic section in the direction of transport as a result of cutting through strata tilted by Mid-Late Devonian extensional faults. Major stratigraphic contrasts between adjacent thrust packages have been resolved in terms of lateral facies differences produced by extension, rather than by over-complex thrust geometries. Although syndepositional extensional faults are not preserved in the thrust belt, their position and geometry may be inferred from an analysis of structural, stratigraphic and sedimentological relationships.
Leaves of Foliated Projective Structures

The $\text{PSL}(4,\mathbb{R})$ Hitchin component of a closed surface group $\pi_1(S)$ consists of holonomies of properly convex foliated projective structures on the unit tangent bundle of $S$. We prove that the leaves of the codimension-$1$ foliation of any such projective structure are all projectively equivalent if and only if its holonomy is Fuchsian. This implies constraints on the symmetries and shapes of these leaves. We also give an application to the topology of the non-${\rm T}_0$ space $\mathfrak{C}(\mathbb{RP}^n)$ of projective classes of properly convex domains in $\mathbb{RP}^n$. Namely, Benz\'ecri asked in 1960 if every closed subset of $\mathfrak{C}(\mathbb{RP}^n)$ that contains no proper nonempty closed subset is a point. Our results imply a negative resolution for $n \geq 2$.
Bidirectional interaction between Protocadherin 8 and transcription factor Dbx1 regulates cerebral cortex development

Brain development requires correct tissue patterning and production of appropriate cell types. Transcription factors (TFs) play essential roles in these processes, regulating the expression of target genes responsible for neuronal subtypes specific features. Cell adhesion molecules are key components of neuronal identities that control cell sorting, migration, neurite outgrowth/guidance and synaptogenesis. To date, the link between TFs and cell adhesion molecules is considered to be unidirectional. Here, we demonstrate that ectopic expression of Dbx1 leads to spatio-temporally restricted increased expression of Pcdh8 and cell aggregation, together with changes in neuronal identity. Surprisingly, Pcdh8 overexpression also induces Dbx1 expression as well as a complete reorganisation of apico-basal polarity and dorso-ventral patterning via Notch signalling. Altogether, our work therefore points to cell adhesion molecules as unexpected, yet important, players in the regulation of cell identity and, in particular, Pcdh8 through its bidirectional interaction with the Dbx1 transcription factor.
Cross-Modal Retrieval for Motion and Text via DropTriple Loss

Cross-modal retrieval of image-text and video-text is a prominent research area in computer vision and natural language processing. However, there has been insufficient attention given to cross-modal retrieval between human motion and text, despite its wide-ranging applicability. To address this gap, we utilize a concise yet effective dual-unimodal transformer encoder for tackling this task. Recognizing that overlapping atomic actions in different human motion sequences can lead to semantic conflicts between samples, we explore a novel triplet loss function called DropTriple Loss. This loss function discards false negative samples from the negative sample set and focuses on mining remaining genuinely hard negative samples for triplet training, thereby reducing violations they cause. We evaluate our model and approach on the HumanML3D and KIT Motion-Language datasets. On the latest HumanML3D dataset, we achieve a recall of 62.9% for motion retrieval and 71.5% for text retrieval (both based on R@10). The source code for our approach is publicly available at https://github.com/eanson023/rehamot.
System Identification and Full Flight-Envelope Model Stitching of a Package-Delivery Octocopter

Multirotors used for package delivery have high thrust-to-weight ratios, but adding heavy payloads to the vehicle can negatively impact the performance of the control system. Accurate models are required to properly design flight controls for the wide range of packages they can carry. Stitched models are continuous, full flight-envelope, quasi-linear parameter varying simulation models that allow for extrapolation to off-nominal conditions. Stitching together flight identified point models with trim data is an attractive approach towards effectively and accurately modeling the entire flight envelope and loading configurations of package delivery multirotors. A custom octocopter platform capable of carrying heavy payloads was built and flight tested. Linear models at 0-, 10-, and 20-knot are identified using frequency domain techniques and verified in the time domain. The point models are stitched together along with trim data to produce a continuous full flight-envelope stitched model that was validated at the anchor points. The stitched model re-trimmed and re-linearized at the heavy configuration shows good agreement with the truth data.
Thermal and pore fluid pressure history on the Chelungpu fault at a depth of 1111 m during the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake

[1] On 20 September 1999 the Ms7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake ruptured the Chelungpu fault in central Taiwan. In 2005 the Taiwan Chelungpu Fault Drilling Project was launched to drill two deep holes (holes A and B) cutting across the fault plane. The heat strength (= 7.0°C m), within a heated layer of ∼5 mm, on the fault at hole A due to frictional faulting is evaluated from the values of shear stress and thermal and mechanical parameters measured from the core samples. Based on a 1-D heat conduction equation and 2-D faulting model, with the values of thermal diffusivity evaluated within a representative temperature range, the thermal and pore fluid pressure history at depths 1110.37–1111.34 m in hole A is constructed. Results show that the peak temperature at the center of the heated layer could have been higher than 1100°C during faulting, and temperature rise decreased with increasing distance and time. The possible relationships between the temperatures and chemical reactions of clay minerals are discussed in detail. In the heated layer, pseudotachylites have been formed and quartz plasticity might also have been operative during faulting. Outside this slip zone, the temperature rise was low and thus clay minerals were stable during faulting. The evaluated pore fluid pressure is 22.5 MPa. This suggests the existence of a suprahydrostatic state in the fault zone during the earthquake. Indirect evidence of the existence of fluids in the fault zone during faulting is described. Additionally, rock physics is applied to interpret the observations.
Disposal of arsenic-laden adsorptive media: economic analysis for California.

Due to California’s stringent hazardous waste (HW) classification regulations, high-capacity adsorptive media (AM) used for the removal of arsenic from potable water are likely to be classified as HW if operated to breakthrough. An alternative is to prematurely retire the AM, avoiding generation of HW. The impact of waste classification of spent AM on annual costs for arsenic systems was investigated. For a typical small water system (SWS), the media replacement cost alone was predicted to range from $0.80 to $2.00 per 1,000 L treated, in comparison to the average cost of tap water in the U.S. of $0.53 per 1,000 L treated, highlighting the financial burden for SWS. The costs of media replacement dominated over costs for transport and disposal regardless of whether spent media were designated as HW or non-HW. Media costs and influent arsenic concentration were more significant factors than transport distance or disposal fees. Under typical conditions for SWS, it was found to be cost effective to load the m.
Current concept review: quality and process improvement in orthopedics

: Multiple health care stakeholders are increasingly scrutinizing musculoskeletal care to optimize quality and cost efficiency. This has led to greater emphasis on quality and process improvement. There is a robust set of business strategies that are increasingly being applied to health care delivery. These quality and process improvement tools (QPITs) have specific applications to segments of, or the entire episode of, patient care. In the rapidly changing health care world, it will behoove all orthopedic surgeons to have an understanding of the manner in which care delivery processes can be evaluated and improved. Many of the commonly used QPITs, including checklist initiatives, standardized clinical care pathways, lean methodology, six sigma strategies, and total quality management, embrace basic principles of quality improvement. These principles include focusing on outcomes, optimizing communication among health care team members, increasing process standardization, and decreasing process variation. This review summarizes the common QPITs, including how and when they might be employed to improve care delivery.
Facilitating inclusivity and broadening understandings of access at football clubs: the role of disabled supporter associations

ABSTRACT Research question: To which extent do Disabled Supporter Associations (DSAs) contribute to improve access of fans with disabilities to football? This research question addresses two interrelated gaps: the lack of attention to supporters in European policies on inclusion in and through sport, and the excessive focus on physical barriers over other dimensions of access in both policy and research on disability and sport. Research methods: The study uses visual auto-ethnography. Seven disabled supporters, members of three different DSAs at football clubs in England, took part in the study. They were asked to take photographs of their life as a supporter over a period of eight weeks, and were interviewed at the end to discuss and clarify the meaning of the pictures. Results and findings: Attention to physical spaces is not enough to ensure inclusivity in the stands. Further dimensions need attention by clubs, including knowledge, relationships and participation, and power of advocacy. DSAs have the potential to play a pivotal role in helping clubs improving their provisions for disabled fans, since they act as both a social forum and point of contact for clubs, but they are hampered for their lack or resources and clubs’ almost exclusive focus on physical access. Nind and Seale’s multi-dimensional model of access for the disabled is one useful way of interpreting these results. Implications: Conceptual understandings of access and inclusion can be broadened by using Nind and Seale’s model. Policies addressing inclusion in football should focus not only on those doing sport, but also on those spectating.
Chain-of-Symbol Prompting Elicits Planning in Large Langauge Models

In this paper, we take the initiative to investigate the performance of LLMs on complex planning tasks that require LLMs to understand a virtual spatial environment simulated via natural language and act correspondingly in text. We propose a benchmark named Natural Language Planning and Action (Natala) composed of a set of novel tasks: Brick World, NLVR-based Manipulations, and Natural Language Navigation. We found that current popular LLMs such as ChatGPT still lack abilities in complex planning. This arises a question -- do the LLMs have a good understanding of the environments described in natural language, or maybe other alternatives such as symbolic representations are neater and hence better to be understood by LLMs? To this end, we propose a novel method called CoS (Chain-of-Symbol Prompting) that represents the complex environments with condensed symbolic spatial representations during the chained intermediate thinking steps. CoS is easy to use and does not need additional training on LLMs. Extensive experiments indicate that CoS clearly surpasses the performance of the Chain-of-Thought (CoT) Prompting in all three planning tasks with even fewer tokens used in the inputs compared with CoT on ChatGPT and InstructGPT. The performance gain is strong, by up to 60.8% accuracy (from 31.8% to 92.6%) on Brick World for ChatGPT. CoS also reduces the number of tokens in the prompt obviously, by up to 65.8% of the tokens (from 407 to 139) for the intermediate steps from demonstrations on Brick World. Code and data available at: https://github.com/hanxuhu/chain-of-symbol-planning
Mechanistic studies on the diiron center in bovine spleen purple acid phosphatase

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Assessment of tidal current energy in the Minas Passage, Bay of Fundy

Abstract The tidal power available for electricity generation from in-stream turbines placed in the Minas Passage of the Bay of Fundy is examined. A previously derived theory is adapted to model the effect of turbine drag on the flow through the Minas Passage and the tidal amplitude in the Minas Basin. The theoretical maximum power production over a tidal cycle is determined by the product of the amplitude of the forcing tide in the Bay of Fundy and the undisturbed volumetric flowrate through the Minas Passage. Although the extraction of the maximum power will reduce the flowrate through the Minas Passage and the tides in the Minas Basin by over 30 per cent, a significant portion of the maximum power can be extracted with little change in tidal amplitude as the initial power generation causes only an increase in the phase lag of the basin tides. Two-dimensional, finite-element, numerical simulations of the Bay of Fundy—Gulf of Maine system agree remarkably well with the theory. The simulations suggest that a maximum of 7 GW of power can be extracted by turbines. They also show that any power extraction in the Minas Passage pushes the Bay of Fundy—Gulf of Maine system closer to resonance with the forcing tides, resulting in increased tidal amplitudes throughout the Gulf of Maine. Although extracting the maximum power produces significant changes, 2.5 GW of power can be extracted with a maximum 5 per cent change in the tidal amplitude at any location. Finally, the simulations suggest that a single turbine fence across the Minas Passage can extract the same power as turbines throughout the passage but that partial turbine fences are less efficient.
Re-engineering business process modeling

We compare traditional computer based approaches to business process modeling (using the IDEFO technique) to approaches using a new technology, an electronic meeting system (EMS). We studied 23 cases, 12 with traditional approaches, 11 with EMS. EMS models were built on average about ten times faster than traditional models, with five times fewer person-hours required. Models built using traditional approaches followed IDEF guidelines more closely than EMS models, although the majority of models built using both approaches violated some guidelines. There is some evidence suggesting that the EMS models were more accurate and complete, but this evidence is not overwhelming; being conservative, we conclude there were no significant differences in model quality. <<ETX>>
The reality of elementary schools: a call for urgent community nutrition programs

Objective: In the last decades, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood has been increasing worldwide at an alarming rate [1]. The negative impact of this pandemic is reflected on children’s health and is perpetuated in their adulthood [2]. It is recognized that preventive strategies are priority in fighting childhood obesity, and that schools are a preferential environment for this approach [1–3]. Our aim was to evaluate a cohort of elementary school students to understand the need for preventive community nutrition programs. Material and methods: This were a cohort study with two points of evaluation in time, enrolling students of two elementary schools (Escola Básica Rosa Colaço and Escola Básica Chegadinho, Almada, Portugal). Students were annually evaluated through anthropometric measures, for two years. Data from anthropometric evaluation were gathered in WHO Anthro Plus, and results are presented according to WHO z-cores. Since 2016, this group of schools has been working to increase the physical activity of these students through a project supported by the Portuguese Ministry of Education and with scientific consulting of Nutritionists from Egas Moniz. However, the project does not include regular support of a nutritionist to educate and treat this vulnerable population. Results: In 2016-2017, 271 students were evaluated (133 females). Prevalence of obesity and overweight in Escola Básica Rosa Colaço was 7.4% and 22.1%, respectively. During the same period, in Escola Básica Chegadinho, that prevalence was 8.9% and 23.0%, respectively. Also, prevalence of underweight was 2.3% in Escola Básica Rosa Colaço and 0.7% in Escola Básica Chegadinho. In 2017-2018, 313 students were evaluated (147 females). Despite of a regular schedule for physical activity in these elementary schools implemented at the end of 2017, in 2017-2018, prevalence of obesity and overweight in Escola Básica Rosa Colaço was 12.7% and 26.6%, respectively; and in Escola Básica Chegadinho, that prevalence was 20.0% and 22.6%, respectively. This represent a total increase in obesity prevalence of 5.3% in Escola Básica Rosa Colaço, and of 11.1% in Escola Básica Chegadinho. Conclusion: Our results reveal a shocking reality in these two elementary schools. Also, this high prevalence of both obesity and overweight in children under the age of 10, in spite of the implementation of a regular program of physical activity in schools, evidence that community programs should include regular nutrition education and advisory. Our results also reinforce the need for the inclusion of Nutritionists in schools to work together with students, teachers, and families.
THEORETICAL RESISTIVITY ANOMALIES ACROSS A SINGLE VERTICAL DISCONTINUITY

Electrical resistivity anomalies of a symmetrical four-electrode co-linear system across a single vertical discontinuity are treated in relation to: a) the ratio of potential electrode separation to the current electrode separation that are employed in the system and b) the angle which the electrode alignment makes with the discontinuity. Several conclusions are extracted from this treatment and methods for obtaining an optimum sensitivity of the system, with respect to these parameters, are shown. Disadvantages of special arrangements, such as the Wenner configuration, are indicated. Methods are outlined to utilise variations in the apparent resistivity plot for determining the angle between the electrode alignment and the discontinuity, quantitatively or qualitatively. These variations include certain deviations from the standard curves obtained in longitudinal traverses made at right angles to the discontinuity. Also, a comparison is made between longitudinal and cross traverses, in relation to the discontinuity.
Nile Delta in its Destruction Phase

All deltas undergo alternating construction to destruction phases due to fundamental changes in the relative influence of sediment input from rivers and redistribution by marine coast al processes. During the past 7000 years world deltas, including the Nile, have been in an overall construction phase. However, the Nile delta has converted to a destruction phase during the past 150 years, triggered by water regulation which has disrupted the balance among sediment influx, erosive effects of coastal processes, and subsidence. This former depocenter has been altered to the extent that it is no longer a functioning delta but, rather, a subsiding and eroding coastal plain. Symptoms of the destruction phase of the Nile delta include accelerated coastal erosion and straightening of the shoreline, reduction in wetland size, increase d landward incursion of saline groundwater, and buildup of salt and pollutants to toxic levels in wetlands and delta plain. Without seasonal flushing by floods, the former delta plain surface is now incapable of recycling and/or removing agricultural, municipal and industrial wastes generated by Egypt's rapidly expanding population. Moreover, the remaining capacity of the system to regenerate itself will further diminish as water is diverted away from the delta for new irrigation and municipal projects in the Egyptian desert, and water allocations to Egypt are decreased by upstream countries. Reestablishing some level of natural hydrology is the only credible solution for attaining equilibrium among sediment accretion on the delta plain to offset subsidence, progradation along the coast to offset erosion, and sufficient water influx to flush and remove the high levels of salt and pollutants througout the system. However, increased Nile water and sediment discharge could begin to restore a functioning delta system only if there is a substantial reduction in human impacts.