Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of OFDM Channel System

OFDM is a promising digital communications technique for high data rate transmissions. In this paper, we have analyzed the performance of mobile OFDM systems in the presence of channel estimation error. A new channel estimation error model is presented. Based on the estimation error model, new and simple expressions for the average bit error probability of M-QAM OFDM systems are derived for zero-forcing, minimum mean square error and maximum likelihood receivers. A complex correlation coefficient is used to quantify the quality of the channel estimation scheme. We have shown that if the complex correlation coefficient is a function of the signal to noise ratio, then the inter-carrier interference caused by channel variations is the dominant source of performance degradation. On the other hand, if the channel estimation scheme produces a constant value for the complex correlation coefficient (estimation quality is not a function of the signal to noise ratio), then the channel estimation error will cause an error floor that is larger than the one caused by the inter-carrier interference, and is considered as one of the dominant causes of degradation. And channel estimation using pilot symbols are discussed in terms of different pilot symbol placement schemes.
Automatic Generation of IC Part Shape Data

Chip mounters and surface mount device (SMD) inspection systems use image processing techniques for the placement of SMDs onto printed circuit boards (PCB) and the inspection of SMDs. Such techniques require the part shape data which define the shape of SMDs; however, the creation of this data is currently not automated. The goal of this paper is to make a system that generates part shape data automatically by processing images of SMDs. There are several target parts, such as IC, BGA (ball grid array), chips, and connectors, etc., for which data can be generated. In this paper we will focus on generation of data for IC parts.
Computer Model of Cardiovascular Control System Responses to Exercise

Approaches of systems analysis and mathematical modeling together with computer simulation techniques are applied to the cardiovascular system in order to simulate dynamic responses of the system to a range of exercise work loads. A block diagram of the circulatory model is presented, taking into account arterial segments, venous segments, arterio-venous circulation branches, and the heart. A cardiovascular control system model is also discussed together with model test results.
Analysis and design of a compact ultrawideband LNA with 2.3 ± 0.1 dB NF and ±14.6 ps group‐delay‐variation in 0.18‐µm CMOS

A low‐noise figure (NF) and high power gain (S21) 3–10 GHz ultrawideband low‐noise amplifier (UWB LNA) with excellent phase linearity using standard 0.18‐µm CMOS technology is reported. An enhanced π‐match input network is used to achieve wideband input impedance matching. Both high and flat S21 and low and flat NF frequency responses are achieved by tuning the pole frequencies and pole quality factors of the second‐order gain and NF frequency responses to approximate the maximally flat condition simultaneously. The LNA consumes 18 mW, achieving S11 better than −10 dB for frequency lower than 12.2 GHz and group‐delay‐variation smaller than ±14.6 ps for frequencies 3–10 GHz. Additionally, high and flat S21 of 13.7 ± 1.5 dB is achieved for frequencies 1–12.5 GHz, which means the corresponding 3‐dB bandwidth is 11.5 GHz. Furthermore, the LNA achieves minimum NF of 2.2 dB at 4 GHz and NF of 2.3 ± 0.1 dB for frequencies 3–10 GHz, one of the best NF results ever reported for a 3–10 GHz CMOS UWB LNA. The measured input third‐order intermodulation point (IIP3) is −0.2 dBm at 6 GHz. The chip area is only 0.601 × 0.662 mm2 (i.e., 0.4 mm2) excluding the test pads. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2047–2053, 2014
Achieving quality construction projects based on harmonious working relationships: clients' and architects' perceptions of contractor performance

The results of an investigative study aimed at assessing the performance of construction contractors, as perceived by clients and architects in the UK, are presented. The assessment uses predetermined generic performance criteria and involves two measurements, namely perceived importance (I) and perceived performance (P). Importance‐performance analyses are then carried out using three measures, namely average satisfaction (D), percentage response (R) and priority rank (PR). Results indicate a need for contractors to improve in most aspects of performance. Generally, architects are found to be less satisfied than clients in regard to overall contractor performance. Furthermore, the perceptions of clients and architects regarding D and PR are broadly similar. It is implied that a well‐planned and designed performance improvement strategy on behalf of contractors will address the needs of both clients and architects. Findings will be of interest to contractors embarking on projects with clients and architects.
Drinking water saving potential of dual networks in Kuwait

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a case study on how drinking water consumption could be potentially reduced by the introduction of dual water distribution networks. Since water of this quality is required only for drinking, cooking, bathing, and washing, delivering such water for uses that require non‐drinking water quality represents a tremendous waste of water and energy, and contributes to environmental pollution.Design/methodology/approach – An overview of dual distribution networks in several countries is presented. Kuwait, in which 86 percent of the freshwater network has a parallel brackish water network, is the leader in this field, with brackish water used for a range of outdoor activities. The residential sector is the major consumer of freshwater in Kuwait and the control of demand in this sector will be a key factor in curbing the overall demand, which without any demand management measures is expected to quadruple by 2025. Computer modeling based on existing water use statis.
A Study on the AM/FM Digital Radio for Practical Use Based on DRM and DRM+

In this paper, the possibility and necessity of the digital broadcasting propulsion in AM and FM is presented based on DRM and DRM+ transmission modes, They are the members of series technological family in digital radio development. As the frequency utilization, the application of DRM+ is flexible in any mode such as IN-BAND or OUT-OF-BAND. When the digital audio broadcasting is planned at LOW-VHF bandwidth such as TV channel No.5 and NO.6 being adjacent to FM band and OUT-Of-BAND DRM+ technology is applied, there is no collision and jamming. Particularly, in the IN-BAND Hybrid mode, it is mentioned that there was the difficulty problem for multiple SFN transmitters uses. Not like the IN-BAND mode the OUT-OF-BAND mode lets multiple transmitters, because neighbor transmitters do not interfere each other. Digital transmitter can be combined with the existing FM transmitter. The intensity of power and size of area can be easily determined according to local broadcasters` condition. And the OUT-OF-BAND mode is advantageous for AM/FM integration in digital radio receiver manufacturing, which makes the conversion schedule much shorter.
Analysis of permanent magnet generator for wind power battery charging

One type of wind-powered battery charging is explored in this paper. It consists of a wind turbine driving a permanent magnet alternator and operates at variable speed. The alternator is connected to a battery bank via a rectifier. The characteristic of the system depends on the wind turbine, the alternator, and the system configuration. If the electrical load does not match the wind turbine, the performance of the system will be degraded. By matching the electrical load to the wind turbine, the system can be improved significantly. This paper analyzes the properties of the system components. The effects of parameter variation and the system configuration on the system performance are investigated. Two basic methods of shaping the torque-speed characteristic of the generator are presented. The uncompensated as well as the compensated systems are discussed. Control strategies to improve the system performance are explored.
Akıllı Bir Çoklu Model Arttırılmış Gerçeklik Uygulaması Ameliyat Öncesi Prosedür Becerilerinin Öğretilmesi

Despite the current essential rules to set up the surgical instruments on the mayo table, there is no standard implementation for this stage of the preoperative preparation. The nursing students do not have enough opportunity to gain experience because of the high-risk conditions and they faced a lack of feedback during their learning. This study introduces a smart multimodal augmented reality application which developed to solve these issues. 10-correct and 10incorrect instrument arrangement of the expert nurses were used to train this system. During using this application, the learners become able to perform pre-operative operating room preparation procedures; then they can receive individual feedback about the suitability of their arrangements. Meta2 AR goggles used to provide gesture interaction. This study represents the interface, features and smart system structure of a multimodal AR. Keywords— multimodal interface, augmented reality, nursing education, smart systems. Abbreviations MR : Mixed Reality NN : Neural Network VR : Virtual Reality HMD : Head Mounted Display AR : Augmented Reality 3D : Three dimensions SDK : Software Development Kit
p-i-n diode control devices in E-plane technique

The status of the use of p-i-n diode control devices in the E-plane technique, especially in integrated finline configurations, is reviewed. The circuit topologies, operating principles, and design considerations for state-of-the-art switches, attenuators, and digital modulators are discussed, and typical performance characteristics are presented. The superior performance of these components confirms that finline is the appropriate transmission medium for the realization of millimeter-wave p-i-n diode switches and attenuators in the low-power regime (up to some 10 W of CW power), where beam-lead diode devices can be used. By properly matching these devices to their finline embedding network, excellent broadband characteristics can be achieved. >
A 850 - 1000 GHz Backward-Wave Oscillator For Advanced Applications

An 0-type carcinotron (backward-wave oscillator) operating between 850 - 1000 GHz was built with the support of the European Space Agency. It generates an RF power level of 0.5 mW minimum across the bandwidth and the maximum RF power reaches 2.3 mW. The operating high voltage varies from 4.9 to 8.8 kV. The total power consumption is less than 200 W. The spectral analysis has been made. The linewidth is less than 1 MHz in free-running operation.
A Tool to Evaluate Information Exchange in a Joint, Interagency, Multinational, and Public (JIMP) Environment

The intent of this project was to develop and test a database of questions that could be used to assess information exchange within a team-of-teams operating in a Joint, Interagency, Multinational, and Public (JIMP) environment. This work involved an initial identification of question categories (performance, effectiveness, efficiency, conditions, processes, and products) based on a review of the literature relevant to information exchange and performance in teams-of-teams. Question categories and sample questions were reviewed by scientific Subject-Matter Experts (SMEs) and modifications were made in accordance with the feedback received. A complete inventory of questions for each question category was developed and an online version of the questionnaire was pilot tested. Recommendations for future work include refinement and subsequent validation of the questionnaire and the use of supplementary measures of information exchange performance, in combination with the questionnaire, to get a more complete picture of information exchange.
The Optimization of the Key Exchange Protocol Based on Public Key Certificates in the Internet of Things

We put forward exchange agreement certificate mutual authentication and the session key exchange protocol based on wireless sensor network, which is an improved version of the traditional certificate protocol. In the optimization scheme, the adversary cannot obtain the secret value, and each session process generates a different key, so as to ensure the safety of the encrypted information transmission between nodes.
Temporal and Spatial SST (Sea Surface Temperature) Distribution and its Impact on Chlorophyll - A Concentration in Southern Ocean during 2002-2012

Sea Surface Temperature (SST) has great impact on algae growth in ocean. And the variation of SST closely relate with global climate. As 1/5 of the greatest ocean, southern ocean SST temporal and spatial distribution needs wide attention. We uses MODIS SST inversed algorithm to find its regulation in this decade (October 2002 to March 2012, October to December and January to March a year). Significant annual cycles appears that SST rises from October and falls in February, while area >70° has peak in January. SST decreases with latitude ascending from spatial distribution. Through in high latitude, Ross Sea, Prydz Bay and Weddell Sea enjoy quite high temperature comparing to its adjacent area in same period. Almost whole blooms occur in these three seas in December, January and February, among which Prydz Bay has the highest suitable SST with 0.3-1.7°C, Amundsen Sea has the second with-0.2-0.3°C, Ross Sea has the lowest with-0.9- -0.8°C. Amundsen Sea owns the vigorous bloom and the narrowest suitable temperature period.
Evaluation Method of Thermal Comfort in a Vehicle with a Dispersed Two-Node Model Part 1—Development of Dispersed Two-Node Model

This paper is a report of research concerning the development of an evaluation system of thermal comfort in a vehicle. A new calculation method developed in a dispersed two-node method is presented here to predict regional physiological responses of a human in the steady state.Since thermal comfort in various vehicle compartments has recently been shown to impact customer satisfaction, air conditioning performance is a critical quality that can improve this effect. In cooperation with this tendency, several complicated methods coupling a detailed thermoregulation model with CFD applied to vehicle development have been published. Although they are very useful in the planning phase of new car development, at the same time, structure designers require a simpler method in the improvement phase when the prototype vehicle has been already prepared. Then, aiming at the target precision of the skin temperature as less than 1°C for a limited environmental zone and limited persons, a simple method that takes the fundamental mechanism of physiological response of a human body into consideration is developed. The model constants are determined to give the target precision by experimental studies using 4 male subjects. Through this research, following standing features of this model are realized, 1) Simple algorithm, 2) Corresponding to the conventional two-node model, 3) Practical precision.
Antenna Placement Analysis for Coherent MIMO Radar with Phased Synchronization Errors

Phase synchronization errors are practically inevitable, so in this paper the quantitative tool to asses the effect of antenna placement for localization performance with phased synchronization errors is provided. The lower bound of mean-square error (MSE) is set by the hybrid Cramer-Rao bound (HCRB) for the joint estimation of the target location and phase synchronization errors at the receivers. It is shown that HCRB follow up to a lower limit, determined by the synchronization error variance and the number of transmit and receive sensors. For uniform antenna distributing, symmetrical placement is optimal, and all forms give exactly the same performance. The localization performance of nonuniform arrays when the antennas are spread out as much as possible is a little better than symmetrical placement at high SNR. Simulation results verify the correctness of conclusions.
Establish a Dynamic Business Driven Integrative Information Security Architecture

With Respect to the challenges most organizations are facing when considering information security management, especially how to demonstrate the value of security to senior leadership and how to meet all kinds of legislations in one place, this article describes a dynamic business driven integrative information security architecture to address those problems. By designing the architecture through three levels which are domain level, component level, and control level, the architecture is target to establish alignment and traceability between business and security, build customer service concept within security practices, establish a dynamic and integrative framework, and manager information security in a more predictive and proactive manner. By applying this architecture into a real life business case, the fact shows that after the implementation, the major security indicators have been visibly improved.
Measuring and understanding the ageing of kraft insulating paper in power transformers

In this paper we discuss the application of a number of techniques that are currently being developed for use in life assessment/condition monitoring of transformer insulation, and we illustrate possible applications with some recent data. These include: high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the oil to measure the product concentrations; size exclusion chromatography (SEC) of the paper to measure changes in molecular weight distribution (related to the degree of polymerization, DP) and computer modeling of the degradation process to relate chemical degradation rates to changes in physical properties, such as tensile strength, which is of critical importance in assessing the probability of damage to the paper under fault conditions. We also revisit the use of DP measurement as a means of assessing insulation life and present results that illustrate problems that we have identified in obtaining consistent data. We describe a method, developed from the British and American standards, which enables us to obtain reproducible results with a known variance. The aims of this paper are to present a limited review of techniques that are relatively new to the transformer monitoring field, to provide some recent results from this laboratory to demonstrate their potential application, and to show the need for a range of new tools, if we are to improve our ability to assess the condition of transformers and the remanent life of their insulation.
Development of Piezoelectric Thin Film Resonator and Its Impact on Future Wireless Communication Systems

The bulk acoustic wave filter composed of piezoelectric thin film resonators has many features superior to those of other small filters such as a surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter and a ceramic filter. As it has no fine structure in its electrode design, it has a high Q factor that leads to low-loss and sharp-cut off characteristics and a high power durability particularly in the high-frequency range. Furthermore, it has the potentiality of integrated devices on a Si substrate. In this paper, we review the recent developments of piezoelectric thin film resonator filters in the world, including our development for mobile communication applications. After describing the feature and history of the piezoelectric thin film resonator filters, our technologies are introduced in focusing on the resonator structures, the piezoelectric thin film and electrode film materials, the cavity structures, the filter structure and its design rules and characteristics, comparing with SAW filters. The competition and coexistence between the piezoelectric thin film resonator filters and the SAW filters are also described. In this paper, we describe the development of a piezoelectric thin film resonator from the standpoint of researchers who have a long experience of SAW filter development.
66.3: Visual Ergonomic Effects of Screen Gloss on LCDs

This study investigated if a requirement for screen gloss is needed in the TCO Requirements and was, therefore, targeted towards finding an acceptable reflex level. The results show that a glossy surface has an impact on the visual ergonomics, and for this reason we believe that a requirement is needed. Although, the results do not point to a single value that is better than another, so a selection for a requirement level has to be augmented with additional information. Such a discussion is given and 60 gloss units at 60 degrees (GU60) was selected as the new requirement level for the TCO Requirements (TCO '03 and TCO '05).
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) at Airports: A Primer

This report was developed to assist airports of all types and sizes and their stakeholders in gaining an understanding of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) and their potential use and impact on airports. Information in the primer includes a glossary of key terms and a background on the current state of UAS operations. The primer addresses costs and benefits to airports, regulatory and community considerations, UAS infrastructure and operational considerations, and UAS safety and security among other issues.
Small reconfigurable PIFA for DVB‐H applications

This article presents a new miniature reconfigurable digital video broadcasting‐handheld (DVB‐H) antenna for a portable TV or tablet PC device. The antenna consists in a Printed‐Inverted‐F‐Antenna (PIFA) loaded by a varactor diode. The radiating element has a size of 30 × 30 × 5 mm3 and is mounted on a 230 × 130 mm2 ground plane. This antenna is able to maintain a return loss below −10 dB on a 8‐MHz bandwidth reconfigurable channel from 450 to 900 MHz. Then, this radiating element reaches to cover the whole frequency band specification of the DVB‐H standard while keeping a good efficiency despite of the strong miniaturization. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2302–2304, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26283
Study Drawings in Architectural Design: Applications for CAD Systems

To guide their future development, research and teaching in computer-aided design must look beyond the technical capabilities of computer systems to establish a theoretical foundation based on known processes in design. This paper suggests that such a theoretical foundation can be derived by analyzing architectural study drawings -- defined as the rough drawings that architects make in the exploratory stages of design -- to determine their epistemelogical properties. The analysis brings forward concepts from a number of disciplines related to the structure of human knowledge to identify five properties of study drawings. Based on these properties, the paper proposes strategies for application to the next generation of research and teaching in CAD systems.
Consistency check of a house of quality chart

Quality function deployment (QFD) is a cross‐functional planning tool which ensures that the voice of the customer is systematically deployed throughout the product planning and design stages. One of the common mistakes in QFD is to perform analysis using an inconsistent house of quality (HOQ) chart. An inconsistent HOQ chart is one in which the information from the roof matrix is inconsistent with that from the relationship matrix. This paper develops a systematic procedure to check the consistency of information contained in an HOQ chart. The proposed consistency check can be performed prior to QFD’s main analysis to ensure the validity of the final results. A procedure for identifying the source of the inconsistency, if the HOQ chart should fail the consistency test, is also developed. The proposed procedures are illustrated through examples.