Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study and Optimization of Two-State Transient Currents at Millisecond Time Scales in MIS Tunnel Diodes

In this article, the behavior of two-state transient currents in metal-insulator-semiconductor tunnel diodes (MISTDs) is described in detail using experiments and simulations. Transient currents at a timescale of 50 ms, which is close to the refresh time of the dynamic memory, are revealed to saturate after voltage pulses with both polarities when the write voltage and write time are sufficiently large. For the negative write pulses, the read current is determined by the number of minority carriers that need to be generated, which remains similar regardless of whether switching from the depletion or accumulation condition. For positive pulses with a larger write voltage, more inversion charges are initially stored in the semiconductor. However, this stored charge causes band bending to become very small (or even negative). As a result, a number of majority carriers flow for recombination, forcing band bending to fulfill the minimum requirement at hundreds of nanoseconds, resulting in read current saturation. The read current is also revealed to be strongly dependent on the oxide thickness. Optimal parameters are also suggested based on numerous experiment results for different design considerations.
Analyzing the Relationship Between Public Debt and Poverty Reduction in Developing Countries: An Empirical Study

Purpose: The goal of this current research is to investigate the link between public debt and poverty reduction in developing countries. The study aims to examine the influence of public debt on poverty reduction while considering other contributing factors such as economic growth, population, inflation, human development index, and institutional quality. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework of this research on the impact of public debt on poverty reduction in developing countries is grounded in two key theories: Debt Overhang Theory and Fiscal Space and Poverty Reduction theories. The first theory posits that high levels of public debt can lead to negative consequences for economic growth and poverty reduction. The second theory emphasizes the importance of fiscal space in poverty reduction efforts. Fiscal space refers to the financial resources available for a government to fund public goods and services without jeopardizing debt sustainability. Method/design/approach: In this research, a panel data approach is utilized to investigate the correlation between public debt and poverty reduction in developing countries. The panel dataset encompasses a 21-year period, from 2000 to 2021, and includes data from 20 developing countries. Results and conclusion: The study shows that public debt has a significant and positive correlation with poverty, indicating that high levels of public debt can lead to an increase in poverty in developing countries. Research implications: Because high levels of public debt can lead to an increase in poverty in developing countries, countries need to exercise caution when taking on debt and prioritize debt sustainability to avoid negative effects on poverty levels. In contrast, economic growth and human development have a significant and negative correlation with poverty, suggesting that these factors can contribute to poverty reduction in developing countries. Originality/value: The analysis highlights the complex relationship between public debt and poverty reduction in developing countries. Although the results are mixed, they emphasize the need for policymakers to adopt a comprehensive approach to poverty reduction that addresses not only reducing public debt but also promoting economic growth, enhancing institutional quality, and addressing other poverty-contributing factors.
Research on Vocal Music Learning of College Students in Henan Province ：Self-efficacy and Cognition

Self-efficacy refers to people's confidence or belief in whether they can use the skills they possess to complete a certain job behavior or achieve the required ability for behavioral goals in a specific field. As a college vocal music teacher in Henan Province in the new era, while imparting vocal skills to college students, exploring more factors that can improve the professional skills of contemporary college students. In practice, found that the role of self-efficacy is multifaceted, and it affects students Behavioral choices, motivational efforts, cognitive processes, and emotional processes. Therefore, strengthening self-efficacy is of great significance for improving academic performance, enhancing learning motivation, and improving learning attitude. This paper explores the motivational issues related to vocal music learning, and discusses the significance of self-efficacy in vocal music learning and suggestions for training. As a teacher, it is necessary to recognize the importance of students’ self-efficacy training and adopt various methods and Means to cultivate students' sense of self-efficacy and promote the development of vocal music teaching in colleges and universities.
Mullahingamise sesoonne dünaamika kuusikute aegreas / Seasonal dynamics of soil respiration in a chronosequence of the Norway spruce stands

Abstract. Soil respiration resulting from microbial and root respiration is a major component of the forest carbon cycle. The response of soil respiration to varying environmental factors (soil temperature and soil moisture) was studied in a Norway spruce chronosequence composed of four age classes (4, 27, 36, and 84 year old) on Gleyic Podzol. Soil respiration was measured monthly with closed dynamic chamber system, soil temperature and soil moisture were measured simultaneously. Mean soil respiration rate averaged over three years was 3.3 μmol CO2 m-2s-1, ranging from 0.6 to 5.4 μmol CO2 m-2s-1, with the maximum occurring in August and the minimum in December. Stand age had a significant effect on soil respiration: the highest respiration rate was found in 27-year-old stand. Over three years an exponential relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature accounted for 68-81% of the seasonal variation, Q10 (the factor by which the respiration rate differs for a temperature interval of 10 °C) for the individual stands ranged between 4.4 and 5.4. The influence of soil moisture content on soil respiration was weak and revealed in dry conditions only. The results of this study can be used to help understand and predict the effect of harvest on soil respiration and how the respiration might respond to changing climate conditions.
Modeling and investigation of simultaneous terahertz communication and RF energy transmission

Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) technology enables Internet of Things (IoT) devices to extend their lifespan by voluntarily harvesting energy. However, the current SWIPT researches primarily focuses on low-band radio frequency (LRF) signals as a source of energy harvesting (EH) and information decoding (ID). In case of LRF signal, with limited spectrum resources, it could be impossible to cope with high-performance communication among massive IoT devices using only RF signals may be challenging. To address this, the article proposes a novel SWIPT scheme, called hybrid frequency SWIPT (HF-SWIPT), based on a frequency division mechanism that employs two different frequencies to access information and energy more efficiently. By leveraging the ultra-wide bandwidth, ultra-high speed, low latency, real-time interaction, and security of Terahertz (THz) communication, information interaction has been achieved in the HF-SWIPT system. Furthermore, RF signal is used for energy transmission due to its higher transmission power and less attenuation in space. Through modeling and investigating, the simulation experiments have been demonstrated that the proposed HF-SWIPT scheme can enhance the performance of IoT devices while reducing their dependence on traditional energy sources.
Effects of Dynamic Assessment of Grammatical Structures on Learners’ Speaking Accuracy: The Case of Hawassa University, Ethiopia

One of the central problems second language (L2) students face during speaking is the frequent use of ungrammatical structures. Scholars suggest Dynamic assessment (DA), which integrates language instruction and assessment in L2 classrooms, is very helpful in enhancing learners’ speaking accuracy. However, the DA as an L2 instruction/assessment approach and the Weighted Clause Ratio [WCR] as a method of analyzing speaking accuracy has never been addressed in Ethiopia before. Therefore, this research examined the extent of the effects of DA on English language structures during dialogues on learners’ speaking accuracy during monologues. To do so, an experimental study was conducted on 48 second-year English language students of Hawassa University, Ethiopia. The participants took static pretests prepared based on the IELTS Speaking Exam Syllabus. Subsequently, each student’s monologue was transcribed and the grammar accuracy was scored using a Weighted Clause Ratio (WCR). Then, the students (n=48) were assigned to the experimental and control groups based on systematic random sampling, and the equivalence of these two groups was checked. Finally, the treatment group received DA of speaking skills, whereas the control group got a Non-dynamic assessment (NDA) of speaking skills for 12 weeks. The result showed that DA had a statistically significant effect on students’ oral accuracy. The finding implies that applying DA in ELT classrooms helps to sp facilitate learners’ L2 acquisition.
Elaboration, synthesis and characterization by the viscosimetric study of chitosan materials in dimethyl sulfoxide hydrochloric acid

ABSTRACT The present work is concerned with experimental results of viscosimetric properties of materials biopolymer of chitosan solutions in HCl acid and dimethyl sulphoxide DMSO. The dynamic viscosity of solutions of Chitosan CH + DMSO/HCl over a wide range of concentrations (1 to 10) g/l and at different temperatures (293.15 to 318.15) K was measured. The reduced dynamic viscosity and the activation energy of reduced dynamic viscosity E η are calculated. Biopolymer solutions exhibit a critical concentration c*, separating the dilute solutions and semi-dilute solutions. The most important results refer to the activation energy of reduced dynamic viscosity found from Arrhenius plots. The dependence of the activation energy on solution concentration and temperature is discussed. The biopolymer CH behaviour can be extrapolated from the Flory-Huggins theory by decomposing such as E η = (E η ) di + (E η ) sdi + (E η ) cri . The dilute solution behaviour of Arrhenius is described by the CH-DMSO/HCL interaction and represented by the function (E η ) di . For the semi-dilute solution behaviour of non-Arrhenius which is described by the interaction between the CH–CH and represented by the function (E η ) sdi . The critical solution behaviour is described by the interaction between the CH-CH-DMSO/HCl and represented by the function (E η ) cri .
TVD-RA: A Truthful Data Value Discovery-Based Reverse Auction Incentive System for Mobile Crowdsensing

Emerging crowdsensing paradigm enables a large number of sensing applications, where much attention is drawn to the fundamental problems for maximizing the system utility and improving the data quality. However, the existing works only consider one of the above issues. In fact, the truthful value of data lies in its veracity. The false data submitted by malicious workers brings no benefits and even causes losses to the system. Therefore, the utility calculations without considering the veracity of data in the previous incentive mechanisms are inaccurate. While current truth discovery (TD) methods cost a lot and cannot improve the quality of data at source. To overcome these problems, we design a truthful value discovery and reverse auction (TVD-RA) framework. First, a TD and trust inspection approach are proposed to find the truth and get the trust degree of workers. This combination can capture the truthful value of data and identify malicious workers. In addition, an incentive mechanism based on reverse auction is proposed. Discovered malicious workers are excluded when selecting task performers, thereby improving the quality of data. In addition, tasks are redundantly assigned in the initial period, creating opportunities for trust inspections. Although this entails losses, the influence of malicious workers can be ruled out. Therefore, we gain long-term utility at the expense of current benefits. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the proposed incentive mechanism is incentive compatible and individual rational. We finally carry out extensive evaluations, where results demonstrate the superiority of our mechanism over the state-of-the-art approaches.
Metabolic Brain Changes Can Predict the Underlying Pathology in Neurodegenerative Brain Disorders: A Case Report of Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease with Concomitant Parkinson’s Disease

The co-occurrence of multiple proteinopathies is being increasingly recognized in neurodegenerative disorders and poses a challenge in differential diagnosis and patient selection for clinical trials. Changes in brain metabolism captured by positron emission tomography (PET) with 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) allow us to differentiate between different neurodegenerative disorders either by visual exploration or by studying disease-specific metabolic networks in individual patients. However, the impact of multiple proteinopathies on brain metabolism and metabolic networks remains unknown due to the absence of pathological studies. In this case study, we present a 67-year-old patient with rapidly progressing dementia clinically diagnosed with probable sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD). However, in addition to the expected pronounced cortical and subcortical hypometabolism characteristic of sCJD, the brain FDG PET revealed an intriguing finding of unexpected relative hypermetabolism in the bilateral putamina, raising suspicions of coexisting Parkinson’s disease (PD). Additional investigation of disease-specific metabolic brain networks revealed elevated expression of both CJD-related pattern (CJDRP) and PD-related pattern (PDRP) networks. The patient eventually developed akinetic mutism and passed away seven weeks after symptom onset. Neuropathological examination confirmed neuropathological changes consistent with sCJD and the presence of Lewy bodies confirming PD pathology. Additionally, hyperphosphorylated tau and TDP-43 pathology were observed, a combination of four proteinopathies that had not been previously reported. Overall, this case provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of neurodegenerative pathologies and their impact on metabolic brain changes, emphasizing the role of metabolic brain imaging in evaluating potential presence of multiple proteinopathies.
Trace Metals in Aquatic Systems

This book provides a detailed examination of the concentration, form and cycling of trace metals and metalloids through the aquatic biosphere, and has sections dealing with the atmosphere, the ocean, lakes and rivers. It discusses exchanges at the water interface (air/water and sediment/water) and the major drivers of the cycling, concentration and form of trace metals in aquatic systems. The initial chapters focus on the fundamental principles and modelling approaches needed to understand metal concentration, speciation and fate in the aquatic environment, while the later chapters focus on specific environments, with case studies and research highlights.
Pre-Pliocene history and depositional facies, Nile Delta, Egypt

The Nile delta area has a long history of subsidence and deposition that is inferred to extend back to Jurassic or earlier times. Depositional environments, rates of subsidence, and structural events are quite varied during this time span. Deposition was dominated by platform-to-basin carbonate facies from Jurassic to Eocene time and by detrital sediments from the Oligocene onward. Deposits are truly deltaic, in the sense of representing focused deposition at the shoreline by a large integrated river, only from latest Miocene time onward. A probable transition from continental to oceanic crust typical of the southern Mediterranean margin is overlain in the delta area by Mesozoic platform carbonates that appear to change in seismic data northward into slope and basinal facies. This platform margin, which trends east-west through the central delta, is reflected in later stratigraphic and structural characteristics; very thick Tertiary deposits, bathyal facies of Oligocene to Pliocene age, and large rotated fault blocks of Miocene strata occur only north of this margin.
Dietary Diversity, Nutritional Status, and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in Their First Trimester of Pregnancy in Ambo District, Western Ethiopia

Background: Poor dietary diversity and undernutrition is a major public health concern for pregnant mothers. Optimal dietary diversity is essential during pregnancy since nutritional deficiencies may have a significant impact on both the mother’s and the fetus’s health. Pregnant women in Ambo district had inadequate dietary diversity and were undernourished, but their status during the first trimester of pregnancy was not known. As a result, the objective of this research was to assess the dietary diversity, nutritional status, and associated factors among pregnant women in the Ambo district. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design and a multi-stage sampling technique were used among 750 pregnant women. Data was gathered using a semi-structured questionnaire. The Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance questionnaire was modified to collect data on dietary diversity. The nutritional status of pregnant women was assessed by measuring the mid-upper arm circumference. First, descriptive statistics like mean, Standard deviation, frequency and percentage were used, then bivariable and, finally, multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of the predictors with the outcome variable. Result: The study revealed that 73.6% and 23.9% of pregnant women had low dietary diversity and were undernourished, respectively. Being in food secured household (AOR = 4.44, 95% CI: 2.14-9.15), having good knowledge (AOR = 3.32, 95% CI: 2.10-5.23) and favorable attitude toward nutrition and health (AOR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.10-2.66) were significantly associated with dietary diversity, whereas household size (having 1-3 household members AOR = 6.59, 95% CI: 2.53-17.21, having 4-5 household members AOR = 5.62, 95% CI: 3.15-9.99), being in food secured household (AOR = 5.64, 95% CI: 2.79-11.38), having high dietary diversity (AOR = 8.49, 95% CI: 2.47-29.23), and having optimal practice on nutrition and health (AOR = 6.85, 95% CI: 3.23-14.55) were significantly associated with undernutrition (P < .05). Conclusions: The current study revealed that pregnant women in the study area had inadequate dietary diversity practices and a high prevalence of undernutrition. Knowledge and attitude, and households’ food security status were the predictors of dietary diversity, while household size, household food security status, dietary diversity and nutrition and health practice were predictors of undernutrition. Hence, behavior change communication needs to be designed to improve the dietary diversity and nutritional status of pregnant women.
Primary Prevention Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators in Patients With Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy: A Meta-analysis

Importance Conflicting data have emerged on the efficacy of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death (primary prevention ICDs) in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Objective To investigate the association of primary prevention ICDs with all-cause mortality in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Data Sources PubMed was searched from January 1, 2000, through October 31, 2016, for the terms implantable defibrillator OR implantable cardioverter defibrillator AND non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. Additional references were identified from bibliographies of pertinent articles and queries to experts in this field. Study Selection Inclusion criteria consisted of a randomized clinical trial design and comparison of the ICD with medical therapy (control) in at least 100 patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy. In addition, studies had to report on all-cause mortality during a follow-up period of at least 12 months and be published in English. The search yielded 10 studies, of which only 1 met the inclusion criteria. A search of bibliographies of pertinent articles and queries of experts in this field led to 3 additional studies. Data Extraction and Synthesis The PRISMA guidelines were used to abstract data and assess data quality and validity. Data were pooled using fixed- and random-effects models. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point was all-cause mortality. Before data collection started, primary prevention ICDs were hypothesized to reduce all-cause mortality among patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Results Four randomized clinical trials met the selection criteria and included 1874 unique patients; 937 were in the ICD group and 937 in the control group. Pooling data from these trials showed a significant reduction in all-cause mortality with an ICD (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61-0.93; P = .008; P = .87 for heterogeneity). Conclusions and Relevance Primary prevention ICDs are efficacious at reducing all-cause mortality among patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy. These findings support professional guidelines that recommend the use of ICDs in such patients.
TOWARD A NEW THEORY OF ELECTRICAL BREAKDOWN IN AIR

It is found that electrical corona in air is initiated when one electron can grow by ionization to only ~10 4 electrons. This criterion applies for both wires and points, for positive and negative polarity, and for radii varying from 0.1 mm to over 20 cm. It is proposed that this criterion corresponds to the development of significant numbers of the vibrational states of molecular nitrogen, which are metastable. De-excitation collisions of these metastables with electrons significantly increase electron energies to make possible ionization for lower electric fields and initiate breakdown.
Celecoxib in Treatment of Postpartum Depression: A Case Report

Postpartum depression (PPD) impairs mother-infant interaction and has negative effects on the child’s emotional, behavioral, and cognitive skills. There is considerable evidence to suggest that inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of depression. Controlled trials indicate that celecoxib has antidepressant effects in patients with major depressive disorder. A 34-year-old woman with mild to moderate PPD received a celecoxib capsule twice a day. This treatment has not been reported in previous studies and is novel in clinical practice. The patient was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Moreover, levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and inflammatory cytokines were measured at baseline and at the end of celecoxib therapy. This case suggests that celecoxib can improve depressive symptoms in patients with mild to moderate PPD. No adverse effects occurred during follow-up.