Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of early weaning on iron status among exclusively breastfed infants

Background and objective: Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for all newborns to gain optimal physical and neurodevelopmental growth. Despite all its advantages, prolonged breastfeeding alone without weaning places the child at risk of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, which is the commonest micronutrient deficiency worldwide among infants. We investigated the effect of early weaning on the iron status of infants. Methods: We selected 100 infants; all of them were six months old. Fifty of them were exclusively breastfed for four months and started weaning between four to six months while continued to breastfeed till the age of six months (early-weaning group). Another 50 infants were exclusively breastfed for six months without starting weaning (no-weaning group). Then we investigated both groups at the age of six months for both iron and hematological studies. Results: In the present study, both study groups shared some similarities. In both groups, females accounted for more than half of the cases, the majority of the infants were residing in the urban areas, and most of the infants were delivered by cesarean section. The final result of the iron study and hematological parameters in the no-weaning group was significantly lower as compared to the early-weaning group. Both serum ferritin and serum iron were 7.42 ng/ml and 25.66 µg/dl, respectively, in the no-weaning group and were 23.94 ng/ml and 46.98 µg/dl respectively in the early-weaning group. Hemoglobin level was 10.84 gm/dl in the no-weaning group compared to 11.54 gm/dl in the early-weaning group. Conclusion: We concluded that early weaning had a great role in the prevention of both iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in exclusively breastfed infants. Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding; Early weaning; Iron status.
Climate, fire and vegetation history from subtropical North Stradbroke Island (Minjerribah), eastern Australia, during the last three interglacials

Records of Australian palaeoclimate beyond the last glacial cycle are rare, limiting detailed analysis of long‐term climate trends and associated ecosystem responses. This study analyses a discontinuous pollen and charcoal record from Fern Gully Lagoon, North Stradbroke Island (Minjerribah), subtropical Queensland, Australia, which covers much of the last ~210 ,000 years. Climate variation is inferred from changes in vegetation, while analysis of micro‐ and macrocharcoal is used to infer fire activity. Pollen assemblages consist of ~40% rainforest taxa during marine isotope stage (MIS) 7a–c and early MIS 5. These are inferred to result from high rainfall in the Australian subtropics, which was also evident in north‐east and central Australia. Human impact from 21 ,000 years ago likely supressed post‐MIS 2 rainforest expansion to some extent. However, the increased Holocene abundance of herbs and grasses and reduced representation of aquatic taxa suggest that the Holocene was relatively dry when compared with early MIS 5 and MIS 7a–c. Similar MIS 5 and early MIS 7a–c climates, in contrast to a notably drier Holocene, suggest that the progressive interglacial drying trend most strongly recorded in central Australia was not a major feature of subtropical eastern Australian climates.
Heterogeneous esterification kinetics of isopropyl oleate synthesis under non-ionizing excitation using nano-anatase imbued mesoporous catalyst

Abstract Performance of a green, cost-effective bio-hydroxyapatite (derived from waste Suidae bone) supported nano-anatase catalyst, has been investigated in the synthesis of isopropyl oleate (IPO) in presence of non-ionizing (NI) excitation. FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA, BET, NH3-TPD and TEM methods were employed to characterize the catalyst. At identical optimal operating conditions, esterification results demonstrated the energy-efficient augmentation in catalytic performance under NI excitation (OA conversion: 93 ± 2%) compared to the orthodox heating system (OA conversion: 50 ± 2%). This indicated intensification effects of NI excitation over orthodox heating (activation energy: 67.12 kJ/mol). Furthermore, the developed catalyst showed better performance (identified by Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics) in terms of lower esterification activation energy (30 kJ/mol) compared to Amberlyst 15 (48.31 kJ/mol) under NI activation. The developed catalyst also showed 2 times more recycling efficiency compared to Amberlyst 15; thus, enumerating sustainable valorization of slaughterhouse waste for preparation of supported catalysts.
Potential of sawdust and corn cobs derived biochar to improve soil aggregate stability, water retention, and crop yield of degraded sandy loam soil

Abstract Poor soil structure is the main cause of soil degradation; however, biochar the solid carbon-rich production of pyrolysis biomass could improve the soil structure. Biochar from the feed stock sawdust (SD) and corn cobs (CC) was pyrolyzed at 450 °C. Wheat was grown as a test crop and treatments were control, NPK, SDB1% (sawdust biochar), CCB1% (corn cobs biochar), SDB0.5%+CCB0.5%, SDB1% + ½ NPK, CCB1% + ½ NPK. The higher growth, higher grain and dry matter yield were displayed by biochar + NPK. The lowest pH, the higher organic matter, available P and available K were observed in SDB0.5%+CCB0.5%. However, the highest total N (1.43 g kg−1) was by NPK treatment. The biochar increased plant available water contents, water contents at field capacity and permanent wilting point, soil porosity and decreased bulk density. The highest stable aggregates were in SDB0.5%+CCB0.5%. Biochar application was found as a useful practice for soil sustainability
A Synoptic View of the Onset of the Mid-Latitude QBO Signal

The extratropical effect of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), known as the Holton-Tan effect, is manifest as aweaker, warmer winter Arctic polar vortex during the east QBO phase. While previous studies have shown that the extratropical QBO signal is caused by the modified propagation of planetary waves in the stratosphere, the mechanism dominating the onset and seasonal development of the Holton-Tan effects remains unclear. Here, the governing wave-mean flow dynamics of the early winter extratropical QBO signal onset and its reversibility is investigated on a synoptic timescale with a finite-amplitude diagnostic using reanalysis and a chemistry-climate model. The extratropical QBO signal onset in October is found to primarily result from modulated stratospheric life-cycles of wave pulses entering the stratosphere from the troposphere, rather than from a modulation of their tropospheric wave source. A comprehensive analysis of the wave activity budget during fall, when the stratospheric winter polar vortex starts forming and waves start propagating up into the stratosphere, shows significant differences. During the east QBO phase, the deceleration of the mid-high latitude stratospheric zonal mean jet by the upward propagating wave pulses is less reversible, due to stronger dissipation processes, while during the west phase, a more reversible deceleration of the main polar vortex is found owing to the waves being dissipated at lower latitudes, accompanied by a weak but different response of the tropospheric subtropical jet. From this synoptic wave-event viewpoint, the early season onset of the Holton-Tan effect results from the cumulative effect of the QBO dependent wave-induced deceleration during the life cycle of individual upward wave pulses.
Safed Musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum L.) Callus-Mediated Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Evaluation of their Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity against Human Colon Cancer Cells

With the advancement of nanobiotechnology, eco-friendly approaches of plant-mediated silver nanomaterial (AgNP) biosynthesis have become more attractive for biomedical applications. The present study is a report of biosynthesizing AgNPs using Chlorophytum borivilianum L. (Safed musli) callus extract as a novel source of reducing agent. AgNO3 solution challenged with the methanolic callus extract displayed a change in color from yellow to brown owing to the bioreduction reaction. Further, AgNPs were characterized by using UV–visible spectrophotometry, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). UV–vis spectrum revealed the surface plasmon resonance property of AgNPs at around 450 nm. XRD pattern with typical peaks indicated the face-centered cubic nature of silver. AFM analysis confirmed the existence of spherical-shaped and well-dispersed AgNPs having an average size of 52.0 nm. Further, FTIR analysis confirmed the involvement of different phytoconstituents of the callus extract role in the process of bioreduction to form nanoparticles. The AgNPs were more efficient in inhibiting the tested pathogenic microbes, namely, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Methicillin-resistant Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans compared to callus extract. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay confirmed the cytotoxic property of AgNPs against human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29) in a dose-dependent manner. At higher concentrations of 500 μg/mL AgNPs, the cell viability was observed to be only 7% after 24 hours with IC50 value of 254 μg/mL. Therefore, these AgNPs clearly endorse the manifold potential to be used in various biomedical applications in the near future.
Towards Exploring the Influence of Community Structures on Information Dissemination in Sina Weibo Networks

The power of online social networks to propagate information within communities and from one community to the next is undeniable. Both network structure and information propagation affect each other; they restrict and cooperate with each other. However, they can also dynamically reshape the network topology of user’s social relationship in this process. The above process ultimately forms a feedback loop: the network structure affects how information spreads, while information propagation reshapes network topologies, so both evolve in concert over time. Using information propagation trees (IPT) of posts from the Sina Weibo microblogging site, we conducted a null model-based analysis to determine the influence of community structures on information propagation. We first generated randomized copies of the IPTs and then mined community structures from the originals and copies for comparison. An in-depth examination of the results in terms of improved significant profile, the length of information propagation path, and the relevance of the nodes in the propagation path indirectly reveals the inhibitory effect of community structures on information propagation.
Segmental α-Relaxation for the First Step and Sub-Rouse Modes for the Second Step in Enthalpy Recovery in the Glassy State of Polystyrene

Cangialosi and co-workers found two steps in the enthalpy recovery deep in the glassy state of high and low molecular weight bulk polystyrene (PS). We attribute the first step to the segmental α-relaxation and the second step to the sub-Rouse modes and explain the two-step enthalpy recovery by the dynamic properties of the two processes in bulk PS by the coupling model (CM). The two-step enthalpy recovery was found in nanometer thin films of polystyrene (PS). On decreasing film thickness h, the first step was shifted to much lower temperature than the second step, and the effect is explained by the segmental α-relaxation shifting to lower temperature much more than the sub-Rouse modes, as predicted by the CM. Furthermore, the dependences of the faster and slower processes of the two-step enthalpy relaxation on film thickness are analogues of two effects observed on decreasing h of freestanding polystyrene films. One effect is the observation of two transitions by ellipsometry. We associated the lower tran.
To Pursue or Not to Pursue STEM? Faculty Behavior Enhances Student Involvement in STEM Roles by Signaling Role-Specific Support

Four studies examine the faculty–student relationship as a mechanism through which students ascertain their place in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Studies 1 and 2 use experimental methods to demonstrate STEM faculty who behave communally, relative to independently, increase undergraduates’ belonging and interest in STEM roles through anticipation of greater role-specific support (i.e., support that emphasizes guiding students through structures and activities of field-specific roles). Study 3 then examined the consequences of role-specific support for undergraduates’ belonging and interest in STEM. Students anticipated more belonging and interest in STEM roles when faculty provided high levels of role-specific support. Finally, STEM doctoral students’ perception of role-specific support from faculty related to their belonging and future identification in STEM fields (Study 4). Taken together, these studies demonstrate the importance of students’ construals of role-specific support from faculty, and how faculty behavior signals role-specific support, with benefits for student involvement in STEM.
Free-standing polypyrrole/polyaniline composite film fabricated by interfacial polymerization at the vapor/liquid interface for enhanced hexavalent chromium adsorption

Interfacial polymerization is an innovative technique for the fabrication of polymeric films. However, the majority of studies on interfacial polymerization has focused on liquid/liquid interfaces, and little work has been done on vapor/liquid interfaces. In this paper, we present the fabrication of free-standing polypyrrole/polyaniline (PPy/PANI) composite films by interfacial polymerization at a vapor/liquid interface using FeCl3 as an oxidant. The obtained PPy/PANI composite films were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the PPy/PANI composite films consist of PANI particles evenly distributed on porous PPy film. The influence of FeCl3 concentration on the morphology of the resulting composite films was investigated. The PPy/PANI composite films show an excellent Cr(vi) adsorption capacity of 256.41 mg g−1, much higher than that of PPy-based absorbents prepared from chemical and electrochemical polymerization routes. This work thus suggests a new route for the fabrication of PPy/PANI films with highly enhanced Cr(vi) adsorption capacity for practical applications.
MyrrorBot: A Digital Assistant Based on Holistic User Models for Personalized Access to Online Services

In this article, we present MyrrorBot, a personal digital assistant implementing a natural language interface that allows the users to: (i) access online services, such as music, video, news, andfood recommendations, in a personalized way, by exploiting a strategy for implicit user modeling called holistic user profiling; (ii) query their own user models, to inspect the features encoded in their profiles and to increase their awareness of the personalization process. Basically, the system allows the users to formulate natural language requests related to their information needs. Such needs are roughly classified in two groups: quantified self-related needs (e.g., Did I sleep enough? Am I extrovert? ) and personalized access to online services (e.g., Play a song I like). The intent recognition strategy implemented in the platform automatically identifies the intent expressed by the user and forwards the request to specific services and modules that generate an appropriate answer that fulfills the query. In the experimental evaluation, we evaluated both qualitative (users’ acceptance of the system, usability) as well as quantitative (time required to complete basic tasks, effectiveness of the personalization strategy) aspects of the system, and the results showed that MyrrorBot can improve the way people access online services and applications. This leads to a more effective interaction and paves the way for further development of our system.
Anaerobic degradation of limonene andp-xylene in freshwater enrichmentcultures

This study describes for the first time a methanogenic community that biodegrades the most widespread monoterpene, limonene. Limonene was degraded to methane gas, with transient formation of acetate. For a better understanding of the community composition clone libraries were established for the Bacteria and Archaea 16S rRNA gene. The Bacteria clone library was represented by 16S rRNA gene sequences related to Deltaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Candidatus Division OP3. Whereas, the Archaea clones were related to members of the genera Methanosaeta and Methanoculleus. The community composition of limonene degrading enrichment cultures was analyzed by CARD-FISH. During mid exponential growth 40% Bacteria and 33% Archaea were detected. A specific probe that was newly designed, OP3-565, detected 18% of very small cocci shaped cells that were observed either solitary or aggregated around larger cellular forms. Finally, we propose a model of limonene degradation by syntrophic interactions between partners.
Predictors of work alienation: differences between hierarchical levels

PurposeThe current study is aimed at analyzing whether and how organizational constraints (i.e. lack of autonomy) and individual characteristics (i.e. psychological capital) are related to work alienation in subordinates and supervisors, and whether the often hypothesized relationship between autonomy and work alienation is moderated in a three-way interaction (autonomy × psychological capital × hierarchical level). The hypotheses are developed by drawing on the tenets of the job demands-resources model.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on two-wave survey data from 294 Dutch employees (subordinates and supervisors). FindingsThe paper finds that autonomy is more negatively related to work alienation for subordinates with low psychological capital than for subordinates with high psychological capital. Autonomy is negatively related to work alienation for leaders, independent of their level of psychological capital.Originality/valueAntecedents of work alienation have received substantial attention from researchers. The authors aim to better understand these antecedents by highlighting differences between supervisors and subordinates.
Rhenium-Metalated Polypyridine-Based Porous Polycarbazoles for Visible-Light CO2 Photoreduction

Transformation of CO2 into valuable chemicals and especially fuels is deemed as a promising approach to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and to alleviate climate change. Carbazole-based porous polymers bearing rhenium-metalated polypyridine functionalities were constructed via simple oxidative coupling reaction. These porous polymers are employed as heterogeneous supports for immobilization of catalytically active rhenium complexes and furthermore provide high CO2 adsorption capabilities and light absorption abilities, i.e., photosensitizing properties. Consequently, such rhenium-metalated microporous polycarbazole networks show high efficiencies for CO2 photoreduction upon visible-light irradiation, with a CO evolution rate up to 623 μmol g–1 h–1 and selectivity of 97.8%. The microporous solid photocatalyst shows enhanced stability and photocatalytic performance compared to the molecular catalysts during long-term use.
Preparation, Spectral Characterization, Thermal Study, and Antifungal Assay of (Formazane -Mefenamic acid)- Derivatives

Postane Fortis a well-known pharmaceutical drug that has several medicinal uses and has entered into several chemical reactions in order to increase its biological effectiveness, in this work Postane Fort was linked with formazan to increase its pharmacological effectiveness as an antifungal – microbial via various reactions like condensation of anil compounds ,then coupling steps with imine group in other donating compounds, then linking two active groups to formation new drugs represented by Mefnamic-Formazan or Postan-Formazan. Numerus of Postane Fort (drug) derivatives were prepared as a new organic compounds via several chemical reactions like. All organic reactions and all formatted compounds had been monitored through (FT IR-Spectra , 1H.NMR-Spectra, Mass-Spectra). , Melting points, other studies represented by (Thermal investigation, antifungal Evaluation). , all created ponstan derivatives appeared good antifungi activity because their strctures that involved formazan group (N=N-C=N-) linked with some heterocyclic ring like thiadiazole and other types of cycles.
Modification of Creatinine to Form New Oxazepane Ring and Study Their Antioxidant Activity

In this research new creatinine Schiff bases (1a, 1b, and 1c) were synthesized from the reaction of aromatic aldehydes (4-nitrobenzaldehyde,4-amino benzaldehyde, and cinnamaldehyde) with creatinine, in few drops of glacial CH3COOH as a catalyst in C2H5OH. Then, seven-member rings were prepared (oxazepine) (2a-4c) on creatinine form treatment of imines with (phthalic, maleic, and succinic anhydrides. Synthesized compounds were identified by IR, melting point, and 1H-NMR of some of them. Some of the prepared compounds were studded with antioxidant activity.
Undergraduate education in computing science some immediate problems

The combination of a large number of students and a rapidly developing discipline imposes considerable responsibilities on those charged with providing curricula in computer or computing science. Rather than philosophize about the nature of the discipline itself in this paper, we intend to discuss at a pragmatic level the problems we see at the present time in our own case, and the steps we are taking to resolve them.
Surfactant enhanced l-α-glycerylphosphorylcholine production from phosphatidylcholine using phospholipase A1 in the aqueous phase

Abstract Enzymatic production of L-α-glycerylphosphorylcholine (L-α-GPC) is difficult due to the limited solubility of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the aqueous phase. Surfactants can be used to improve the solubility and the dispersibility of non-polar chemicals in the aqueous media. In this study, various surfactants were investigated to improve L-α-GPC enzymatic production using phospholipase A1 (PLA1) in the aqueous phase. The results showed that Tween 20 was the most effective surfactant for enhancing L-α-GPC concentration. With 20 g.L−1 of Tween 20, the optimal conditions of PC hydrolysis were determined to be enzyme loading of 0.64 g.L−1 and substrate concentration of 60 g.L−1 at 45 °C for 1 h. In addition, the fed-batch catalytic process of PC was conducted to avoid substrate inhibition and increase product accumulation, resulting in 112.56 g.L−1 of L-α-GPC from 360.00 g.L−1 PC with yield of 91.36% within 3 h.
Bilateral Laplace–Feynman transforms on abstract Wiener spaces

ABSTRACT In this paper, an extension of the bilateral Laplace transform on infinite-dimensional Banach spaces is introduced. In order to develop the concept of an analytic bilateral Laplace–Feynman transform (BLFT) of functionals on abstract Wiener spaces, we complete the following objectives: we first establish the existence of the analytic BLFT of certain bounded functionals on B. We next extend the operational properties (shifting properties) of the bilateral Laplace transform of functions on Euclidean spaces to the cases of the BLFT of functionals on abstract Wiener spaces. We also provide a convolution product (CP) corresponding to the BLFT and establish a relationship between the BLFT and the CP. We finally provide a representation of an inverse transform of the BLFT. Specifically, we establish a representation of the inverse transform for the BLFT having special parameter via the concept of the analytic Fourier–Feynman transform (FFT).