Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calibration and development for increased accuracy of 3D range imaging cameras

Abstract Range imaging has become a valuable technology for many kinds of applications in recent years. Numerous systematic deviations occur during the measurement process carried out by available systems. These systematics are partly excited by external and partly excited by internal influences. In this paper the following investigations will be presented in closer detail. First the statistics of the distance measurement of the analyzed range imaging cameras SwissRangerTM SR-2 and SR-3000 will be shown. Besides the question if the measurements are Gaussian distributed, the precision of the measurements will be shown. This aspect is of importance to answer the question if the mean value of a series of measurements leads to more precise data. Second diverse influencing parameters like the target's reflectivity and external as well as internal temperature are aimed. The dependency of the distance measurements with respect to the amplitude is one of the main aspects in this paper. A specialized set up has been developed in order to derive experimentally the detailed correlation, which is expressed in terms of linearity deviations. Besides the results of some specific aspects, an overview of the recommended calibration procedure is given. The reader of this paper will be enabled to understand the calibration steps needed to gain highly accurate data from the investigated range imaging cameras. Due to the fact that range imaging cameras are on their way to become state of the art in 3D capturing of the environment, it is of importance to develop strategies for the calibration of such sensors in order to enable users to revert to these principles for the sake of simplicity. Therefore, these strategies long for sophisticated approaches and reliable results of investigations. This paper will introduce such an approach to be discussed within the scientific and user environment. One of the main achievements of this work is the introduction of a method to significantly decrease the influence of temperature on the distance measurements by means of a differential measurement principle setup. The verification of the functionality is presented, as well.
Widespread strong methanol masers near H II regions

A strong (up to 1000 Jy) methanol maser transition has recently been discovered by Batrla et al. (1987). Here a search of southern sources for masers in this transition is reported, with the aim of establishing how common the masers are, where they might be found, and the extent to which their observation might be hindered by interference. Methanol masers were found in 25 of the 106 star-formation regions searched, predominantly those with associated OH masers. A number of other types of object were searched, including OH/IR stars and OH/H/sub 2/O megamaser galaxies, but no methanol masers were detected in any of these. 9 references.
Generalized cumulant correlators and hierarchical clustering

The cumulant correlators, Cpq, are statistical quantities that generalize the better-known Sp parameters; the former are obtained from the two-point probability distribution function of the density fluctuations while the latter describe only the one-point distribution. If galaxy clustering develops from Gaussian initial fluctuations and a small-angle approximation is adopted, standard perturbative methods suggest a particular hierarchical relationship of the Cpq for projected clustering data, such as that obtained from the Automatic Plate Measuring (APM) survey. We establish the usefulness of the two-point cumulants for describing hierarchical clustering by comparing such calculations against available measurements from projected catalogues, finding very good agreement. We extend the idea of cumulant correlators to multipoint generalized cumulant correlators (related to the higher-order correlation functions). We extend previous studies in the highly non-linear regime to express the generalized cumulant correlators in terms of the underlying ‘tree amplitudes’ of hierarchical scaling models. Such considerations lead to a technique for determining these hierarchical amplitudes, to arbitrary order, from galaxy catalogues and numerical simulations. Knowledge of these amplitudes yields important clues about the phenomenology of gravitational clustering. For instance, we show that a three-point cumulant correlator can be used to separate the tree amplitudes up to sixth order. We also combine the particular hierarchical Ansatz of Bernardeau & Schaeffer with extended and hyper-extended perturbation theory to infer values of the tree amplitudes in the highly non-linear regime.
Investigation of Surface Potential of Ferroelectric Organic Molecules by Scanning Probe Microscopy

The surface potential of ferroelectric copolymer films of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene was investigated by scanning probe microscopy. The results reveal that the as-deposited copolymer films on a graphite substrate show a negative surface potential. The surface potential is ascribed to the substrate-induced effect, which causes frozen dipoles in the copolymer films. We made locally poled areas in the films using a conductive cantilever tip and measured the piezoelectric response of the films with a modified scanning force microscope. The observed asymmetric behavior of the piezoelectric response of the thin films can be consistently explained by the frozen ferroelectric layer in the films. Both surface potential and piezoresponse images of locally polarized areas were also obtained. The results indicate that the charge transferred from the tip overcompensated for the oriented dipoles and that the surface potential of the poled regions was attributed to the excess charge.
A precise position and optical identification for 4U 2129+47 - X-ray heating and a 5.2 hour binary period

A precise (20 arcsec) position and an optical counterpart are presented for the weak X-ray source 4U 2129+47. The optical counterpart shows weak but distinct He II 4686-A and C III-N III 4640-4650-A emission. Both H-beta and Ca II H and K are sometimes visible in absorption. Numerous plates and spectrophotometric observations from the 1978 observing season show that the blue magnitude varies from 16.7 to 18.0 in a period of 5.2382 hours. The light curve is sinusoidal in appearance, but with sharply defined V-shaped minima. It is proposed that most of the optical emission from this system originates at the X-ray heated face of the normal star and hence that this system is analogous to HZ Her/Her X-1. This is one of the few intrinsically faint optical counterparts of X-ray sources that show clear evidence of binary nature. The observations suggest a distance of 1.2-1.6 kpc for the source, and a consequent X-ray luminosity of approximately 10 to the 34.8 ergs/s.
Low rank approximation (LRA) based noise reduction in spectral-resolved x-ray imaging using photon counting detector

Spectral imaging with photon counting detectors has recently attracted a lot of interest in X-ray and CT imaging due to its potential to enable ultra low radiation dose x-ray imaging. However, when radiation exposure level is low, quantum noise may be prohibitively high to hinder applications. Therefore, it is desirable to develop new methods to reduce quantum noise in the acquired data from photon counting detectors. In this paper, we propose a new denoising algorithm to reduce quantum noise in data acquired using an ideal photon counting detector. The proposed method exploits the intrinsic low dimensionality of acquired spectral data to decompose the acquired data in a series of orthonormal spectral bases. The first few spectral bases contain object information while the rest of the bases contain primarily quantum noise. The separation of image content and noise in these orthogonal spatial bases provides a means to reject noise without losing image content. Numerical simulations were conducted to validate and evaluate the proposed noise reduction algorithm. The results demonstrated that the proposed method can effectively reduce quantum noise while maintaining both spatial and spectral fidelity.
Noise calculation by the impedance‐field method: Application to single injection

The impedance-field method of noise calculation is systematically applied to obtain both the thermal noise and the trapping noise in the four basic regimes of single injection (ohmic current and space-charge-limited current, with and without trapping). Where independent analyses already exist, the results agree. La methode du champ d'impedance est appiiquee systematiquement pour obtenir les bruits thermique et de piegeage dans les quatre regimes fondamentaux de la simple injection. (Courants ohmique et limite par la charge d'espace avec et sans piege.) Dans les cas ou il existait deja un resultat, ceux-ci sont en accord avec ceux obtenus ici.
A Generalized Linear Model Approach to Spatial Data Analysis and Prediction

The theory of generalized linear models and quasi-likelihood provides a flexible framework for analyzing non-normal data. In this article, we demonstrate how this theory can be extended to include the analysis of discrete and categorical spatial data. This theory can be used to estimate parameters and test treatment effects in a designed experiment involving discrete or categorical spatial responses. It also provides a flexible method for spatial prediction using non-normal data and includes universal kriging and indicator kriging as special cases. Examples are given, including one where the focus is on comparing treatments in a designed experiment in which spatial correlation is present, and two others where spatial prediction or mapping is the desired goal. The methods presented here provide an additional set of tools for the analysis of spatial data that will be useful to researchers in a variety of disciplines, including hydrology, soil science, entomology, agronomy, and ecology.
PaPPI: Privacy-aware Process Performance Indicators (Extended Abstract)

The evaluation of recorded process executions using process performance indicators, short PPIs, serves as a main driver of process optimization and process monitoring. Yet, since many processes inadvertently record information about individuals involved in said processes, the analysis of such data is bound by data protection regulations, such as the GDPR and the CCPA. To enable the analysis of the respective data, while conforming to privacy regulations, anonymization techniques can be employed. In this work, we propose PaPPI, Privacy-aware Process Performance Indicators, a Java-based library for the definition and evaluation of process performance indicators under differential privacy. Our toolkit builds upon and extends the PPINOT library for process performance indicators, maintaining the well-established syntax and semantics of PPINOT. This way, we achieve an easy-to-use integration of privacy protection in the computation of process performance indicators.
Investigating Smooth Multiple Regression by the Method of Average Derivatives

Abstract Let (x 1, …, xk, y) be a random vector where y denotes a response on the vector x of predictor variables. In this article we propose a technique [termed average derivative estimation (ADE)] for studying the mean response m(x) = E(y | x) through the estimation of the k vector of average derivatives δ = E(m′). The ADE procedure involves two stages: first estimate δ using an estimator , and then approximate m(x) by ), where ĝ is an estimator of the univariate regression of y on . We argue that the ADE procedure exhibits several attractive characteristics: data summarization through interpretable coefficients, graphical depiction of the possible nonlinearity between y and , and theoretical properties consistent with dimension reduction. We motivate the ADE procedure using examples of models that take the form . In this framework, δ is shown to be proportional to β and [mcirc](x) infers m(x) exactly. The focus of the procedure is on the estimator , which is based on a simple average of kernel smoother.
Semiclassical states for NLS equations with magnetic potentials having polynomial growths

We prove existence of standing wave solutions for a nonlinear Schrodinger equation on R3 under the influence of an external magnetic field B. In particular we deal with the physically meaningful case of a constant magnetic field B=(0,0,b) having source in the potential A(x)=(b∕2)(−x2,x1,0) corresponding to the Lorentz gauge.
Magneto-optical properties of iron oxide films

Iron oxide films have been grown onto MgO and oxidized silicon substrates using pulsed laser deposition with a 248 nm excimer laser. The films were deposited in a vacuum from an α-Fe2O3 target. Films grown epitaxially on MgO consisted of the ferrimagnetic γ-Fe2O3 phase, with an average saturation magnetization of 353±26 kA/m. The Faraday rotation of the γ-Fe2O3 films was measured at 645 nm and 1550 nm wavelengths, and was found to be 4 and 2.5 degrees/μm, respectively. It is assumed that the high Faraday rotation, accompanied by a relatively high absorption, is associated with a transition of Fe2+ ions in octahedral sites.
Detection of Metal-poor Stars in the Direction of the North Galactic Pole

A simple approach to detecting metal-poor stars is to measure a magnesium index, which depends on the Mg H band plus the three nearby Mg b lines and is derived through intermediate-band interference filters. An empirically established line of demarcation in the Mg index versus B-V diagram separates metal-poor stars from solar-abundance stars. A further separation between metal-poor dwarfs and giants depends on B-V; primarily dwarfs for B-V < 0.55, giants for B-V > 0.7, with both dwarfs and giants falling in the transition region. For the metal-poor giants the distance from the demarcation line correlates well with [Fe/H], permitting estimates of stellar abundances. Stars in two regions on the sky in the vicinity of the north Galactic pole have been observed with such a set of filters. Eighteen stars (6% of the population of 299) in the sample covering the V range 8.7 to 15.6 and 48 stars (31% of the population of 163) in a deeper probe to V = 19.9 found through this process are suspected metal-poor stars according to their Mg indices. Twenty-three are specifically deemed giants, with ⟨[Fe/H]⟩ ≤ -1.5.
Influence of c-axis orientation and scandium concentration on infrared active modes of magnetron sputtered ScxAl1−xN thin films

Doping of wurtzite aluminium nitride (AlN) with scandium (Sc) significantly enhances the piezoelectric properties of AlN. ScxAl1−xN thin films with different Sc concentrations (x = 0 to 0.15) were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering. Infrared (IR) absorbance spectroscopy was applied to investigate the Sc concentration dependent shift of the IR active modes E1(TO) and A1(TO). These results are compared to ab initio simulations, being in excellent agreement with the experimental findings. In addition, IR spectroscopy is established as an economical and fast method to distinguish between thin films with a high degree of c-axis orientation and those exhibiting mixed orientations.
On the Flow of Gas Through the Piston-Rings : 1st Report, The Discharge Coefficient and Temperature of Leakage Gas

The following terms are necessary for a theoretical quantitative study of gas leakage through the piston-rings of internal combustion engine : (1) the discharge coefficient through the narrowest gas passage, (2) the temperature of gas in the space between two rings. So at first the former is measured by letting a high temperature compressed air flow out through a gap of piston-ring set in the experimental apparatus. Next, the latter is studied using the apparatus provided with a stationary piston and a reciprocating cylinder. As a result, the following conclusions are obtained : (a) the discharge coefficients are 0.8∼0.9 and its mean value is about 0.86 when the states of leakage gas are near to those of an actual working engine, (b) the temperature of gas flowing out around the piston-rings almost is equal to that of gas on the surface of piston.
A method for an accurate T1 relaxation-time measurement compensating B1 field inhomogeneity in magnetic-resonance imaging

Two-point gradient echo methods are practical means for estimating T1 value in magnetic-resonance (MR) imaging. Meanwhile, the inhomogeneity of the transmitted B1 field and the imperfect slice profile severely distorts the estimated T1 value. We propose a method for an accurate T1 measurement compensating the inhomogeneity of the B1 field and the effects of the imperfect slice profile. Three MR images of a whole human brain were obtained by multisliced spoiled gradient echo sequences on a 1.5-T scanner with different repetition times and flip angles to calculate the quantitative T1 maps. The histograms of the T1 maps showed two distinguishable peaks of the white matter (672.9±15.5ms) and the gray matter (921.1±24.7ms) of the human brain. The results indicate that the T1 value was properly estimated compensating the B1 field inhomogeneity and the slice profile imperfection. The proposed method is applicable to images obtained on any scanners with different parameters, because the method needs neither the i.
Stable rank and approximation theorems in

It is conjectured that for H°° the Bass stable rank (bsr) is 1 and the topological stable rank (tsr) is 2. bsr(H°°) = 1 if and only if for every (f, f2) E HX x H00 which is a corona pair (i.e., there exist g, , g2 E H00 such that f,gl + f2g2 = 1 ) there exists a g E HcO such that f, + f2g E (H°) 1, the invertibles in H°°; however, it suffices to consider corona pairs (f,1 f2) where f, is a Blaschke product. It is also shown that there exists a g E H00 such that f, + f2g E exp(H00) if and only if logf1 can be boundedly, analytically defined on {z E D: If2(z)I 0. tsr(H°°) = 2 if and only if the corona pairs are uniformly dense in H00 x H°°; however, it suffices to show that the corona pairs are uniformly dense in pairs of Blaschke products. This condition would be satisfied if the interpolating Blaschke products were uniformly dense in the Blaschke products. For b an inner function, K = H2 e bH2 is an H° -module via the compressed Toeplitz operators Cf = PKTf IK, for f E H00, where Tf is the 2 Toeplitz operator Tfg = fg, for g E H . Some stable rank questions can be recast as lifting questions: for (fi)n c H°0 , there exist (gi), (hi)n c H°° such that En1 (f, + bgi)hi = 1 if and only if the compressed Toeplitz operators (CS)1 may be lifted to Toeplitz operators (TF )1 which generate B(H2) as an ideal.
Toward a Theory of Online Buyer Behavior Using Structural Equation Modeling

This paper develops a theory of online buyer behavior to explain the process buyers go through while making an online purchase in the digital marketplace. The theory has been empirically tested with primary data collected from mall-intercept systematic sampling and analyzed with structural equation modeling. The results indicate that buyers’ attitudes to online shopping are shaped by their perceptions of value, ease of use, and the usefulness of online buying. The actual online purchase is influenced by their intention to use this option, which, in turn, is determined by their attitude toward online shopping. An actual online purchase was also found to give buyers an online shopping experience that significantly shaped their trust in online shopping and future intention to buy things online. Implications of the findings are also presented along with the recommendations.
Analysis of images obtained from space-variant astronomical imaging systems

Most of the classical approaches to the measurement and modeling of electro-optical imaging systems rely on the principles of linearity and space invariance (LSI). In our previous research efforts we have focused on measurement and analysis of images obtained from a double station video observation system MAIA (Meteor Automatic Imager and Analyzer). The video acquisition module of this system contains wide-field input lens which contributes to space-variability of the imaging system. For a precise astronomical measurement over the entire field of view, it is very important to comprehend how the characteristics of the imaging system can affect astrometric and photometric outputs. This paper presents an analysis of how the space-variance of the imaging system can affect precision of astrometric and photometric results. This analysis is based on image data acquired in laboratory experiments and astronomical observations with the wide-field system. Methods for efficient calibration of this system to obtain precise astrometric and photometric measurements are also proposed.
Formulation and Optimization of Stable Aspirin 100mg Tablets

Several moisture and temperature-sensitive medicines cannot be manufactured in Sudan due to extreme climatic conditions . Keeping these factors under control during production is difficult task. It is possible to overcome these difficulties by using excipients and utilizing technology in the production of the drug. This study aimed to adjust and improve the formulation of aspirin using different excipients and different technological approaches to produce stable aspirin tablets. Microcrystalline cellulose and lactose were used as fillers and stearic acid as a lubricant, four aspirin formulations, two formulations containing lactose and two formulations containing microcrystalline cellulose were prepared for aspirin 100 mg. For each formulation, wet granulation and direct compression techniques were applied separately, to study the effect of manufacturing technology and the role of excipients on the stability of the product. Prepared tablets were subjected to various quality control tests. Lactose had lower moisture content than MCC. But MCC has moisture scavenger characteristic. Direct-compression CDs with MCC shows less degradation than other tablet formulations. Addition of stearic acid as a substitute for magnesium stearate (a lubricant) changes the overall pH to more acidic which reduces hydrolysis.
A Monte Carlo Study of the Effect of Item Characteristic Curve Estimation on the Accuracy of Three Person-Fit Statistics

To date, there have been no studies comparing parametric and nonparametric Item Characteristic Curve (ICC) estimation methods on the effectiveness of Person-Fit Statistics (PFS). The primary aim of this study was to determine if the use of ICCs estimated by nonparametric methods would increase the accuracy of item response theory—based PFS for small sample sizes. Using three recognized PFS (lz, ECI2 z, and ECI4z), four estimation methods were compared: two parametric methods (the two-parameter logistic model and three-parameter logistic model) and two nonparametric methods (Nadaraya-Watson's regression and the local logistic regression). Finally, matrices of 100- and 1,000-answer vectors were generated for this Monte Carlo study. For both large and small sample sizes, the accuracy of the PFS was greater when used with the parametric models.
3-D expression of relief in Landsat Thematic Mapper and SPOT P images

Perceptual problems of viewing topography on geoimages are caused by illumination from the southeast during data collection. This problem affects the majority of satellite images. The aim of this work is to obtain a stereoscopic effect of shaded relief in such images. Techniques available in commercial digital processing programs are used in the absence of a digital elevation model. The images used are taken by the Landsat TM and SPOT P satellites; the software used was the EASI-PACE and ACE programs (Canadian PCI Geomatics Group). The pseudoscopic effect is solved by using the first principal component obtained in a principle components analysis of the three channels, resulting from the weighted merging of the Landsat and SPOT data. The map obtained provides the observer a view with shaded relief.