Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ca 2 + / Calmodulin and Cyclic 3 , 5 ’ Adenosine Monophosphate Control Movement of Secretory Granules through Protein Phosphorylationl Dephosphorylation in the Pancreatic P-Cell

We observed the movement of insulin granules in living transformed hamster pancreatic p-cells (HIT TX) with a light microscope, where secretory granules are moving in the cytoplasmic space. Velocity ofthe typical granule movement was approximately 1.5 pm/set. A stimulatory concentration of glucose activated the movement of the secretory granules. Forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, increased the movement, resulting in changes in intracellular localization of the granules. Acetylcholine also activated the granule movement, whereas high K+ and tolbutamide, which cause Ca2+ influx through the voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channel, had only little effect. The movement was abolished by BAPTA, the intracellular Ca2’chelator. Activation of protein lcinase C by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate failed to affect this movement. The motile events were inhibited by the calmodulin antagonist, W-7, and dramatically increased by okadaic acid, an inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. These results suggest protein phosphorylation by Ca2+/calmodulinand CAMP-dependent protein kinases play a positive role in the control of the insulin granule movements, which results in potentiation ofinsulin release from the pancreatic p-cell. (Eno! ocrinoZogy 137: 4644-4649, 1996) H ORh4ONE secretion from the endocrine tissue is composed of several different processes such as hormone biosynthesis, secretory granule formation, trafficking, docking of the granules, and the final step, exocytosis. Hormonal output is finely controlled by various signal transduction systems. Increase in the intracellular concentration of free Ca2+ and resultant protein phosphorylation are the critical events for the secretory machinery of most, if not all, hormones including insulin (1). Activation of protein kinases A or C potentiates insulin secretion from the pancreatic p-cell (2). Thus, it seems that insulin secretion is controlled by the network of signal transduction by protein kinases and phosphatases (3), but we have still limited knowledge on the mechanism(s) by which protein phosphorylation controls the
Understanding the Role of Prevotella Genus in the Digestion of Lignocellulose and Other Substrates in Vietnamese Native Goats’ Rumen by Metagenomic Deep Sequencing

Simple Summary Prevotella is an abundant genus which plays an important role for lignocellulose digestion in goat rumen and is significant to the yield and quality of milk and meat in cows. In a previous study, we sequenced bacterial metagenome from Vietnamese native goat rumen to get 8.4 GB clean data and found very diverse genes related to lignocellulose degradation. However, due to the limitation in the metagenomic size, low amount of complete lignocellulase genes, and high bacterial diversity, further analysis was restricted. In this study, metagenomic deep sequencing was used to obtain 48.66 GB of reliable data, thus some lignocellulolytic enzymes were first seen and a picture of bacterial enzymes involved in lignocellulose digestion in the goat rumen was drawn. The loci for galactan-, xylan-, and arabinan-processing in Prevotella were observed for the first time. We confirm that Prevotella plays pivotal role for hemicellulose digestion and significantly participates in starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin conversion in the goat rumen. A gene coding endoxylanase was expressed in E. coli. The recombinant enzyme was tolerant with some salts, detergents, and had high activity, thus is a good candidate for lignocellulose processing and as an animal feed food additive to effectively improve xylooligosaccharide production. Abstract Bacteria in rumen play pivotal roles in the digestion of nutrients to support energy for the host. In this study, metagenomic deep sequencing of bacterial metagenome extracted from the goats’ rumen generated 48.66 GB of data with 3,411,867 contigs and 5,367,270 genes. The genes were mainly functionally annotated by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes (CAZy), and HMMER database, and taxonomically classified by MEGAN. As a result, 65,554 genes encoding for 30 enzymes/proteins related to lignocellulose conversion were exploited, in which nine enzymes were seen for the first time in goat rumen. Prevotella was the most abundant genus, contributing 30% hemicellulases and 36% enzymes/proteins for lignocellulose pretreatment, and supporting 98.8% of feruloyl esterases and 71.7% acetylxylan esterases. In addition, 18 of the 22 most lignocellulose digesting- potential contigs belonged to Prevotella. Besides, Prevotella possessed many genes coding for amylolytic enzymes. One gene encoding for endoxylanase was successfully expressed in E. coli. The recombinant enzyme had high Vmax, was tolerant to some salts and detergents, worked better at pH 5.5–6.5, temperature 40–50 °C, and was capable to be used in practices. Based on these findings, we confirm that Prevotella plays a pivotal role for hemicellulose digestion and significantly participates in starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin digestion in the goat rumen.
Coherent rings of finite weak global dimension

The category of left modules over right coherent rings of finite weak global dimension has several nice features. For example, every left module over such a ring has a flat cover (Belshoff, Enochs, Xu) and, if the weak global dimension is at most two, every left module has a flat envelope (Asensio, Martfnez). We will exploit these features of this category to study its objects. In particular, we will consider orthogonal complements (relative to the extension functor) of several classes of modules in this category. In the case of a commutative ring we describe an idempotent radical on its category of modules which, when the weak global dimension does not exceed 2, can be used to analyze the structure of the flat envelopes and of the ring itself.
Mapping Irrigated Areas of Northeast China in Comparison to Natural Vegetation

Accurate information about the location and extent of irrigation is fundamental to many aspects of food security and water resource management. This study develops a new method for identifying irrigation in northeastern China by comparing canopy moisture between the cropland and adjacent natural ecosystems (i.e., forests). This method is based on two basic assumptions, which we validated using field survey data. First, the canopy moisture of irrigated cropland, indicated by a satellite-based land surface water index (LSWI), is higher than that of the adjacent forest. Second, the difference in LSWI between irrigation cropland and forest is larger in arid regions than in humid regions. Based on the field survey and statistical dataset, our method performed well in indicating spatial variations of irrigated areas. Results from this study suggest that our method is a promising tool for mapping irrigated areas, as it is a general and repeatable method that does not rely on training samples and can be applied to other regions.
Inequality and Growth Revisited

This paper updates and extends the work of Barro (2000). International data confirm the presence of the Kuznets curve-an inverse-U shape relationship between income inequality and per capita GDP-that is relatively stable from the 1960s into the 2000s. The direct effect of international openness on income inequality is also found to be positive. On the other hand, a cross-country-growth equation shows a negative effect of income inequality on economic growth, holding fixed a familiar set of other explanatory variables. This effect diminishes as per capita GDP rises and may be positive for the richest countries.
Inactivation of the mouse Magel 2 gene results in growth abnormalities similar to Prader-Willi syndrome

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is an imprinted genetic obesity disorder characterized by abnormalities of growth and metabolism. Multiple mouse models with deficiency of one or more PWS candidate genes have partially correlated individual genes with aspects of the PWS phenotype, although the genetic origin of defects in growth and metabolism has not been elucidated. Gene-targeted mutation of the PWS candidate gene Magel2 in mice causes altered circadian rhythm output and reduced motor activity. We now report that Magel2-null mice exhibit neonatal growth retardation, excessive weight gain after weaning, and increased adiposity with altered metabolism in adulthood, recapitulating fundamental aspects of the PWS phenotype. Magel2-null mice provide an important opportunity to examine the physiological basis for PWS neonatal failure to thrive and post-weaning weight gain and for the relationships among circadian rhythm, feeding behavior, and metabolism.
Skills mismatch between labour supply and demand in Spain

The Spanish labour market has a much higher and persistent long-term unemployment level than that of other developed countries, especially in certain groups, such as that of the lesser skilled. The causes of this problem are manifold, but one might be the mismatch between the working skills demanded and those offered by job-seekers. With a view to analysing this matter, this article estimates a skills mismatch index based on the on-the-job tasks used. It also analyses the differences in this index relative to other countries and the contributions of different types of tasks to the employability of the different groups of unemployed in Spain.
X-ray spectra and the rotation-activity connection of RS Canum Venaticorum binaries

Results are presented from a survey of RS CVn binaries which were observed with the imaging proportional counter (IPC) on board the Einstein Observatory. Spectral analyses of the IPC pulse height spectra show that the coronae of RS CVn binaries always contain hot gas with temperatures in excess of 10 to the 7th K, similar to active late-type main-sequence stars, and that at least two temperature components are necessary to account for the higher quality IPC spectra (when absorption is unimportant). It is argued that these bimodal temperature distributions found by the IPC are indicative of true distributions of emission measure versus temperature that are continuous (just as is the case of magnetically confined coronal plasma loops observed on the sun). It is further shown that none of the derivable x-ray characteristics of RS CVn binaries depend on rotation period, implying that previous claims of period-activity relationships in RS CVn binaries were unfounded. 44 references.
Intergroup commonality, political ideology, and tolerance of enemy collateral casualties in intergroup conflicts

Despite their pernicious effect on intergroup conflict, collateral casualties are seen as inevitable and justified by many members of the groups involved, particularly those who endorse a right-wing ideology. Drawing on social psychological literature, we examined whether a perception of commonality between in-group and out-group can be beneficial for reducing tolerance to collateral causalities. We hypothesized that viewing the out-group as sharing commonalities with the in-group can reduce processes of out-group delegitimization, which are common among right-wingers in intractable conflicts, and may therefore serve to explain reduction in tolerance to collateral casualties. Three correlational studies were conducted among Jewish-Israelis in the context of the conflict with the Palestinians to test this. In Study 1, right-wing political ideology was associated with stronger support for enemy collateral casualties, and the effect was moderated by perceived intergroup commonality. While leftists were overall non-supportive of collateral casualties, rightists who perceived high intergroup commonality were less tolerant of collateral casualties than those low on intergroup commonality. In Study 2, conducted during violent escalation, we replicated these results while controlling for anger, fear, and hatred. In Study 3, we found that the effect was mediated by delegitimization of the out-group. These results extend the range of beneficial impact of intergroup commonality, and imply that it may be used as a tool to promote conflict resolution.
MicroRNAs as Diagnostic Tools in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for approximately 80% of all liver cancers. The serum concentration of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the only validated biomarker for HCC diagnosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs of 21–30 nucleotides playing a critical role in human carcinogenesis, with types of miRNAs with oncogenic (oncomiRs) or tumor suppressor features. The altered expression of miRNAs in HCC is associated with many pathological processes, such as cancer initiation, tumor growth, apoptosis escape, promotion of migration and invasion. Moreover, circulating miRNAs have been increasingly investigated as non-invasive biomarkers for HCC diagnosis. MiRNAs’ expression patterns are altered in HCC and several single miRNAs or miRNAs panels have been found significantly up or downregulated in HCC with respect to healthy controls or non-oncological patients (cirrhotic or with viral hepatitis). However, any of the investigated miRNAs or miRNAs panels has entered clinical practice so far. This has mostly to do with lack of protocols standardization, small sample size and discrepancies in the measurement techniques. This review summarizes the major findings regarding the diagnostic role of miRNAs in HCC and their possible use together with standard biomarkers in order to obtain an early diagnosis and easier differential diagnosis from non-cancerous liver disease.
Towards a consistent interpretation of AIOps models

Artificial Intelligence for IT Operations (AIOps) has been adopted in organizations in various tasks, including interpreting models to identify indicators of service failures. To avoid misleading practitioners, AIOps model interpretations should be consistent (i.e., different AIOps models on the same task agree with one another on feature importance). However, many AIOps studies violate established practices in the machine learning community when deriving interpretations, such as interpreting models with suboptimal performance, though the impact of such violations on the interpretation consistency has not been studied. In this article, we investigate the consistency of AIOps model interpretation along three dimensions: internal consistency, external consistency, and time consistency. We conduct a case study on two AIOps tasks: predicting Google cluster job failures and Backblaze hard drive failures. We find that the randomness from learners, hyperparameter tuning, and data sampling should be controlled to generate consistent interpretations. AIOps models with AUCs greater than 0.75 yield more consistent interpretation compared to low-performing models. Finally, AIOps models that are constructed with the Sliding Window or Full History approaches have the most consistent interpretation with the trends presented in the entire datasets. Our study provides valuable guidelines for practitioners to derive consistent AIOps model interpretation.
Estimating the impact of Mexican drug cartels on crime

We estimate the impact of drug cartels and drug-related homicides on crime and security perceptions in Mexico. For this purpose, we combine surveys on crime victimization with indicators of where drug cartels operate with and without drug-related homicides. Using the difference-in-difference estimator, we find that people living in areas that experienced drug-related homicides are more likely to take extra precautions to guard their security, yet these areas also more likely to experience some crimes, particularly thefts and extortions. In contrast, these crimes and perceptions of unsafety do not change in areas where cartels operate without leading to drug-related homicides.
Effectivity of Esomeprazole Compared with Lansoprazole in the Treatment of Pediatric with Gastritis

BACKGROUND: The administration of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy in pediatric patients has also increased dramatically during the last three decades. Clinical trials comparison of esomeprazole and lansoprazole for pediatric were limited. AIM: This study focused on comparing the effectivity of Esomeprazole with lansoprazole for healing gastritis symptoms in pediatric patients. METHODS: A randomized and single blind (assessors) controlled clinical trial was done at H. Adam Malik hospital at Medan. Patients that complied with study’s criteria and signed informed consent were collected information about the symptoms. Confirmation diagnosis of g astritis by gastroscopy, then randomized into lansoprazole treatment group (15 mg if < 30 kg and 30 mg if > 30 kg) or esomeprazole treatment group (0,4–0,8 mg per Kg body weight). Medication for both groups will be given orally for 14 day s, then evaluated for the initial symptoms. p -value of this study was calculated with the χ2 test. RESULTS: Fifty two patients confirmed gastritis were enrolled in this study; 27 patients received lansoprazole and 25 patients received esomeprazole. There was no difference of effectivity between the two groups for vomiting, hematemesis, and nausea. Lansoprazole treatment for 14 days has a significant difference for abdominal pain recovery from esomeprazole treatment. The lansoprazole groups have 92% free of abdominal pain compared to the esomeprazole group for only 66% free of abdominal pain. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference between lansoprazole and esomeprazole therapy.
Why citizen scientists volunteer: the influence of motivations, barriers, and perceived project relevancy on volunteer participation and retention from a novel experiment

We conducted an experimental study in a country in the Global South, an understudied region, for a citizen science project on water flow. Volunteers received a standard or an experimental training linking volunteers to decision-makers to influence perceptions of project relevancy and participation. We conducted pre- and post-training surveys and interviews to assess motivations, barriers, and perceptions of project relevancy and participation. We found motivations of learning and values enabled, while barriers such as time constrained, participation. Interviews showed continuing volunteers in the experimental training had stronger perceptions of project relevancy compared to the control, but survey results only showed changes in short-term perceptions and no changes to participation. Results suggest participation could be improved by addressing challenges such as time constraints or difficulty organizing others and focusing on motivations such as learning and values, but further research is needed on how involvement of decision makers in citizen science can influence participation.
Coping with Shocks and Determinants among Indigenous Vegetable Smallholder Farmers in Kenya

Farm households in developing countries are faced with various challenges one of which is occurrence of unexpected negative events namely shocks. Shocks could be caused by extreme adverse natural events (droughts, storms, flood, and landslides) and market-related events (fuel, food, input and output price fluctuations, volatilities and price hikes). Most of these shocks affect production systems, food markets and local economies, all of which have direct effects on food security. This study explores the prevalence of shocks among indigenous vegetable farmers in Kenya followed by an assessment of the type of coping strategies in response to these shocks. We find that over two thirds of farmers have coping strategies that are not based on market-related insurance mechanisms; rather they use strategies such as working for more hours and selling assets. We analyze which socioeconomic and institutional factors determine households’ decision and extent of coping with shocks. The results showed that access to high-value markets and market information were the major factors informing their decision and extent of using coping strategies along with access to critical services such as credit, extension, and farmer groups. This has significant policy implications regarding the dissemination of information and promotion of credit markets through mobile phone-based platforms for easy accessibility in remote rural areas. Social capital should be encouraged because it acts as a necessary and sufficient conduit for information dissemination and mutual support to help farmers’ access critical services and resources needed for successful and sustainable implementation of relevant and appropriate coping strategies.
Vortex-Induced Vibration Analysis (VIVA) Based on Hydrodynamic Databases

We outline the procedures used by program VIVA, developed over the last sixteen years to estimate the cross-flow vibration of marine risers in arbitrary currents. The program theory is based on a combination of first principles, extensive hydrodynamic databases, as well as modifications introduced through comparison against experimental and field data. The program was built from the start to handle standing as well as traveling waves, or arbitrary combinations of traveling and standing waves, through the use of complex modes. Considerable effort was expended to develop a hydrodynamic methodology that is suitable for short and long risers and cables, and which provides results in agreement with recent observed mechanisms. In particular, we outline changes to take into account: • the influence of in-line as well as cross-flow oscillations; • the influence of the Reynolds number; • the effect of high force harmonics; • modeling of lock-in in a sheared flow; • modeling of staked sections. The methodology is illustrated through several examples where predictions are compared with field and experimental data.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Popular benefits in a compensation package: A comparative study within the corporate sector and teaching profession

POPULAR BENEFITS IN A COMPENSATION PACKAGE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITHIN THE CORPORATE SECTOR AND TEACHING PROFESSION The purpose of this paper is to compare the compensation packages within the teaching profession and corporate sector. In total 125 respondents from teaching profession and 141 from the corporate sector were interviewed. Findings reveal that compensation package comprises 60% salary, 10% bonus and 30% – other benefits in both sectors. In the corporate sector, the most popular benefit is medical insurance for staff with higher contributions to EPF followed by medical benefits for dependents. Training and education has been found the least popular benefit in the same sector. In teaching profession, the most popular benefit is medical insurance for staff followed by training and development. The findings also show that the choice of popular benefits differs depending on marital status. The study also demonstrates a significant contrast in the value of education and development between the corporate sector personnel and teaching profession. This study attempts to provide insights to policy makers on the popular benefits for their staff in the respective sectors which is important to retain their employees.