Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement properties of the Brazilian version of the Stroke Upper Limb Capacity Scale (SULCS-Brazil)

ABSTRACT Background The Stroke Upper Limb Capacity Scale (SULCS) is a clinically useful measure of upper-limb (UL) capacity, which assesses both basic and advanced capacities. Objectives To examine the reliability, construct validity, and interpretability of the SULCS-Brazil with community-dwelling individuals with stroke. Methods The SULCS-Brazil and measures of impairment (handgrip strength and motor function of the paretic UL), capacity (manual and digital dexterities), and performance were applied during the first session, to establish construct validity (80 patients). The SULCS-Brazil was applied again during a second session (a sub-set of 30 patients), to investigate test–retest reliability. Test–retest reliability was evaluated using kappa statistics (k) for the individual items, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the total scores, standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC), and Bland-Altman plot. For the evaluation of construct validity, pre-defined hypotheses were created to estimate the strength of the correlations between the SULCS-Brazil scores and established measures of UL function, using Spearman correlation coefficients. Interpretability was investigated by evaluating both ceiling/ floor effects. Results High level of agreement was found between the SUCLS-Brazil total scores obtained on both applications (ICC = 0.98; 95%CI:0.96–0.99) and 80% of the individual items had almost perfect agreement (k= 0.81–1.0). The SEM (0.46) and the MDC (1.27) showed clinically acceptable values. All pre-defined hypotheses were confirmed, indicating adequate construct validity of the SULCS-Brazil. No significant ceiling/floor effects were observed. Conclusions The SULCS-Brazil showed to be reliable and valid for the evaluation of upper-limb capacity of individuals with stroke.
Protective Effects of Three Flavonoids from Dendrobium huoshanense Flowers on Alcohol‐Induced Hepatocyte Injury via Activating Nrf2 and Inhibiting NF‐κB Pathways

Dendrobium huoshanense flowers have been widely used for liver protection in China. This work was aimed to discover the natural products with activity of mitigating alcoholic hepatocyte injury from Dendrobium huoshanense flowers via bioactivity‐guided isolation, and to clarify the underlying mechanisms of these natural products. As a result, three flavonoids, 3′‐O‐methylquercetin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside (1), 3′‐O‐methylquercetin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (2) and quercetin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (3), were firstly isolated from D. huoshanense flowers. Results exhibited that flavonoids 1–3 could enhance the cell viability, decrease the expression of ALT and AST, inhibit the cell apoptosis, alleviate the oxidative stress, and mitigate the inflammatory response of alcohol‐induced L02 cells. Mechanism study exhibited that flavonoids 1–3 could increase the expression of Nrf2 as well as its downstream antioxidation genes of alcohol‐induced L02 cells, while ML‐385 (Nrf2 inhibitor) could abolish the inhibitory effects of 1–3 on alcohol‐induced hepatocyte injury. Flavonoids 1–3 could also reduce the phosphorylation levels of IκBα and NF‐κB p65 of alcohol‐induced L02 cells, while SC75741 (NF‐κB inhibitor) could not enhance the inhibitory effects of 1–3 on alcohol‐induced L02 cells injury. The data above indicated that flavonoids 1–3 could inhibit alcohol‐induced hepatocyte injury, which might be attributed to alleviating oxidative stress and mitigating inflammatory response by activating Nrf2 and inhibiting NF‐κB pathways.
STRAUMA: A Novel Alert System for a Combined Stroke and Trauma

Introduction Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) can lead to traumatic injury. While timely administration of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) can be lifesaving in CVAs, it is contraindicated with active bleeding. A STRAUMA is a combined stroke and highest-level trauma activation for patients with suspected CVA and signs of trauma. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the STRAUMA activation on time to CT and patient outcomes. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on adult patients presenting to a Level 1 trauma and comprehensive stroke center with signs of CVA between 01/2019 and 09/2020. Patients who had a STRAUMA activation were compared to patients who had a stroke alert. Results Five hundred and eighty patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 111 had STRAUMA activations and 469 had stroke alerts. There were no differences in age, gender, or anticoagulation use. The STRAUMA group had a higher NIH stroke scale (NIHSS) (11 vs 5, P<.0001). The STRAUMA group had a longer time to CT (23.1 min vs 16.9 min, P<.0001) and a lower rate of tPA (13.5% vs 27.9%, P = .001). Time to tPA and thrombectomy were similar. The STRAUMA group had a 15% rate of traumatic injury with a median injury severity score of 9. Mortality was higher in the STRAUMA group (14.4% vs 6.0%, P = .003). Multivariable logistic regression identified NIHSS and time to CT as predictors of mortality. STRAUMA did not predict mortality. Conclusion The novel STRAUMA activation allows for an evaluation of both stroke and trauma to facilitate safe and timely administration of lifesaving interventions.
Simplification and cost reduction of visual corona tests

Visual corona tests are useful to identify the critical corona points of different high-voltage components. Radio interference voltage and partial discharge measurements also allow detecting corona activity. However, these techniques require expensive screened laboratories, sophisticated instrumentation and usually do not provide the exact location of the discharges. Corona tests are often performed in external laboratories, where customers habitually have to face long waiting times. The tests in such laboratories must be totally planned beforehand, as they are habitually done by external engineers, so little information about the behaviour and possible modifications of the product is acquired by the customer. This study proposes a feasible solution to perform routine corona tests, while greatly reducing the voltage applied, laboratory size and requirements, testing times, and thus test costs. This study also detects the visual corona onset by means of a commercial digital camera, which allows locating the critical corona points, thus greatly decreasing the costs of the corona instrumentation, while maintaining the accuracy and sensitivity of the detection method. The methodology proposed in this study can be applied to many other high-voltage devices such as conductors, vibration dumpers, corona protections and different types of hardware and fittings for power lines and substations.
How Post Graduate Students Use and Access Electronic Resources in the Universities of Jammu and Kashmir

Purpose: Easy availability and accessibility of information in multi-formats, advancement in tech savvy tools and improvement in information organization have led to the heavy use of electronic sources of information. Same is expected about the students pursuing various courses in different universities of Jammu and Kashmir. The paper explores, analyses and discusses the use of electronic sources of information by the students pursuing various courses in the universities of Jammu & Kashmir. Design/methodology/approach: To explore the use of electronic sources of information, a total of 927 students using stratified random sampling were selected from four universities of Jammu & Kashmir. Sample was taken in accordance to the population ratio from each of the select universities. A well-drafted questionnaire was used as a data gathering tool and was personally distributed among all the students. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Findings: The use of electronic sources of information has increased among the university students by the introduction of Information Technology. There is a transformation from the traditional way of seeking information towards the tech savvy mode. Students mainly use laptops for seeking their desired information. Internet and Newspapers are mostly used to stay updated. The awareness and assistance regarding the use of electronic sources of information is mostly given by friends and teachers rather than library staff. The study also reveals that students face a number of physical problems including strain in eyes and neck while accessing electronic sources of information. Practical implications: The paper is highly applicable to the administrators and managers of university setups to understand the use and impact of electronic sources on the university students in the digital environment. It will further help the university libraries to subscribe qualitative electronic resources and launch awareness as well as assistance programs among the users to enhance their information literacy skills. Originality/value: No such survey has been conducted in the Universities of Kashmir till date. Keywords: Electronic resources; Information literacy; Information seeking behavior; Universities of Jammu and Kashmir, University of Kashmir. Paper type: Research Paper
Current role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in early-stage melanoma.

There has been significant evolution in the management of surgically resectable melanoma the past five years with the success of adjuvant therapy for stage 3, and more recently, highrisk stage 2 melanoma. In the context of these recent changes, the role of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), which has been debated for many years, has come under the spotlight again. The issues underlying the differing opinions regarding SLNB are borne out in the MSLT-1 and MSLT-2 studies of SNLB and completion lymph node dissection (CLND). 1,2 The MSLT-1 trial found that, although a positive sentinel node was a poor prognostic sign, SLNB did not independently improve 10 year melanoma-specific survival. MSLT-1 did, however, confirm sentinel node status as the most important prognostic factor in intermediate-thickness melanomas,1 and in patients without clinically detected lymph node involvement, it remains the best single predictor of melanoma-specific survival.1,3 The impact of nodal involvement is reflected in the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) melanoma staging. In this most recent staging system, an accurate stage cannot be allocated to a patient with melanoma >1.0mm Breslow thickness in the absence of the results of SLNB assessing clinically occult nodal disease. A comparison of 10 year survival rates for stages IA and IIC is illustrative as survival was 93% and 39%, respectively, using the AJCC seventh edition (which did not require SLNB) compared to 98% and 75% with the eighth edition.4,5 Accurate nodal staging offers improved prognostication within this heterogeneous group of patients. For instance, the presence of sentinel lymph micrometastases in a patient with a 2mm Breslow thickness ulcerated cutaneous melanoma decreases 10 year survival from 89% to 60%, mandating significant changes in follow-up and adjuvant treatment. The subsequent MSLT-2 trial showed that completion lymph node dissection (CLND), following a positive sentinel lymph node, did not improve melanoma-specific survival. It was, however, associated
Flexible, short‐duration outreach sessions in the human anatomy laboratory provide authentic, humanistic experiences

Anatomy laboratories can provide rich opportunities for outreach to K‐12 and college students interested in pursuing careers in health, medicine, or science. At the University of Missouri, the Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences has designed flexible, one‐hour interactive sessions that typically cover basic anatomical concepts using whole‐body donors. In order to evaluate whether short‐duration programs were impactful in increasing enthusiasm for anatomy and the health professions sciences, we used mixed methods to study participant experience covering three topics: (1) enthusiasm for anatomy, (2) interest in pursuing a career in healthcare professions, and (3) perception of the importance of whole‐body donation. The same questions were asked pre‐ and post‐session, and the post‐session survey had additional questions related to student satisfaction. Quantitative analyses showed an increased interest in anatomy and appreciation for whole‐body donation following the session. Students also perceived that they had a better understanding of the body and what it would be like to attend a health professions school. Thematic analysis revealed an appreciation for contextualizing the size, position, and hands‐on feel of anatomical structures, and emphasized that students felt that they understood the body better after having seen a donor's anatomy. This work shows that short‐duration, flexible outreach sessions involving whole‐body donors can provide students with a rare opportunity to confirm their contextual understanding of anatomy, and provide students with an authentic, and humanistic experience.
Morphology of the groove of the inferior petrosal sinus: application to better understanding variations and surgery of the skull base

Although adequate venous drainage from the cranium is imperative for maintaining normal intracranial pressure, the bony anatomy surrounding the inferior petrosal sinus and the potential for a compressive canal or tunnel has, to our knowledge, not been previously investigated. One hundred adult human skulls (200 sides) were observed and documented for the presence or absence of an inferior petrosal groove or canal. Measurements were made and a classification developed to help better understand their anatomy and discuss it in future reports. We identified an inferior petrosal sinus groove (IPSG) in the majority of specimens. The IPSG began anteriorly where the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone articulated with the sphenoid part of the clivus, traveled posteriorly, in a slight medial to lateral course, primarily just medial to the petro-occipital fissure, and ended at the anteromedial aspect of the jugular foramen. When the IPSGs were grouped into five types. In type I specimens, no IPSG was identified (10.0%), in type II specimens, a partial IPSG was identified (6.5%), in type III specimens, a complete IPSG (80.0%) was identified, in type IV specimens, a partial IPS tunnel was identified (2.5%), and in type V specimens, a complete tunnel (1.0%) was identified. An improved knowledge of the bony pathways that the intracranial dural venous sinuses take as they exit the cranium is clinically useful. Radiological interpretation of such bony landmarks might improve patient diagnoses and surgically, such anatomy could decrease patient morbidity during approaches to the posterior cranial fossa.
Italian translation and transcultural validation of an assessment tool for community ambulation in stroke survivors: the modified Functional Walking Categories (mFWC)

ABSTRACT Background Community ambulation ability is one of the most important functional loss after stroke. The assessment of the level of community walking plays an important role in the multidimensional bio-psycho-social approach, to improve quality of life and social participation of stroke survivors. The modified Functional Walking Categories (mFWC) is a worldwide widely used tool to assess community ambulation in stroke survivors, but no Italian version is yet available. Objective To cross-culturally adapt the mFWC into Italian and to assess its validity and reliability. Methods According to the international guidelines, a multistep translation and cultural adaptation were conducted and revised by a committee of experts. Patients admitted to intensive inpatient rehabilitation with a sub-acute stroke were recruited. Inter- and intra-rater reliability and construct validity were studied. Results Sixty patients with sub-acute stroke were prospectively enrolled in this study. Findings showed almost perfect intra- and inter-rater reliability (k = 1.000 [95% CI 1.000–1.000] and k = 0.984 [95% CI 0.955–1.000], respectively). The construct validity of the scale was satisfactory, as 100.0% a-priori hypotheses were met. Conclusions The Italian mFWC offers a valid tool for measuring community ambulation in stroke patients. Our work provides a validated and a cross-cultural adapted Italian version of the mFWC to accurately measure community ambulation both in clinical and research settings in Italy.
Enumeration of walks reaching a line

We enumerate walks in the plane R 2 , with steps East and North, that stop as soon as they reach a given line; these walks are counted according to the distance of the line to the origin, and we study the asymptotic behavior when the line has a fixed slope and moves away from the origin. When the line has a rational slope, we study a more general class of walks, and give exact as well as asymptotic enumerative results ; for this, we define a nice bijection from our walks to words of a rational language. For a general slope, asymptotic results are obtained; in this case, the method employed leads us to find asymptotic results for a wider class of walks in R m .
Operative Outcomes After Cervical Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis Fracture in the Elderly

Background Cervical diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) fractures are frequently unstable and carry significant risk of neurologic injury and death. Most patients with DISH fractures are elderly (>70 years) with significant comorbidities. We assessed factors that contribute to outcomes in elderly patients with cervical DISH fractures. Methods Elderly patients with cervical DISH fractures from 2008 to 2017 were included in this retrospective multi-institutional cohort study. Predictor variables included injury level, surgical approach, preinjury comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale grade, preoperative anticoagulation status, and the subaxial cervical spine injury classification system (SLIC) score. Univariate and multivariate analyses were utilized to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality and ambulatory status at discharge. Results A total of 48 patients, mean age 74.7 years old (range 60–96), underwent cervical fixation for DISH fractures. Average SLIC score was 6.30 ± 1.2 (range 5–8), and most frequent fracture level was at C6 to -C7 (31.3%) followed by C7–T1 (25.0%). Forty (83.3%) patients underwent posterior fixation, 7 (14.6%) with anterior fixation, and 1 (2.1%) had combined approach. Ten (20.4%) patients died within 30 days of surgery. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that poorer preoperative ASIA grade (OR 2.35, P = 0.003, CI = 1.33–4.14) and ASA score >3 (P = 0.027) had increased risk of being nonambulatory at discharge. Higher SLIC score was associated with increased 30-day mortality (P = 0.021, CI = 1.20–9.60). Conclusions Cervical DISH fractures can be highly unstable, for which instrumentation and fixation are indicated. Surgical decision-making should focus on preoperative ASIA grade, SLIC score, and ASA score. Clinical Relevance The study is relevant due to an aging poulation predisposed to cervical DISH fractures. Level of Evidence 4.
HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Among Substance-Using Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents and Young Adults: Baseline Survey of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and transgender individuals are more heavily affected by HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) than their cisgender, heterosexual peers. In addition, sexual and gender minorities who use substances are often at a further increased risk of HIV and other STIs. Increasing testing for HIV and other STIs allows this hardly reached population to receive early intervention, prevention, and education. Objective We explored HIV and STI testing patterns among 414 sexual and gender minority adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 29 years who self-reported substance use and lived in southeastern Michigan. Methods We analyzed data from the baseline survey of a 4-arm randomized controlled trial that aimed to examine the efficacy of a brief substance use intervention for creating gains in engagement in HIV prevention. We fit multinomial logistic regression models to 2 categorical HIV and STI testing variables (lifetime and previous 12 months) based on self-reports of testing (never, STIs only, HIV only, or both). In addition, we compared HIV and STI testing behaviors across demographic characteristics, structural factors, psychosocial barriers, substance use, and sexual behaviors. Results Our findings showed that 35.5% (147/414) of adolescents and young adults reported not being tested for either HIV or STIs in the previous year, and less than half (168/414, 40.6%) of the sample achieved the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendation of HIV and STI testing once per year. We observed HIV and STI testing disparities across sociodemographic (eg, sexual identity, education, and income) and health (eg, substance use) correlates. Specifically, cisgender gay men who have sex with men were more likely to report being tested for HIV compared with bisexual men and transgender individuals, who were more likely to be tested for STIs. Conclusions This study illustrates the results of an HIV prevention intervention in southeastern Michigan showing the need for HIV prevention interventions that leverage structural factors, psychosocial barriers, and substance use as key drivers to achieve HIV and STI testing rates to meet the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02945436; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02945436 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/resprot.9414
Detection of faulty high speed wind turbine bearing using signal intensity estimator technique

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Mohamed Elforjani, Suliman Shanbr, and Eric Bechhoefer, ‘Detection of faulty high speed wind turbine bearing using signal intensity estimator technique’, Wind Energy, October 2017, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2144. Under embargo. embargo end date: 2 October 2018. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.
A new mitochondrial probe combining pyrene and a triphenylphosphonium salt for cellular oxygen and free radical detection via fluorescence lifetime measurements

Abstract To improve and diversify the quantification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria of single cells, we connected pyrene derivatives (PB) to a triphenylphosphonium salt (TPP+) as a mitochondrial vector forming PB-TPP+ probes. Two pyrene isomers with the n-butyltriphenylphosphonium moieties attached at their 1- or 2- positions were synthesized and characterized. Using the long fluorescence lifetime of pyrene, it was possible to monitor the variation of cellular free radicals and oxygen and to follow the reversibility of both quenchers in real-time. We compared the behavior of these new probes to the previously published pyrene-probes, functionalized by a mitochondrial-penetrating peptide, allowing their transfer to the mitochondria (Mito-PB) or to the cytosolic membrane for pyrene butyric acid (PBA). The high cellular uptake of the new probes allows cells to be loaded with an initial concentration 40 times lower than that for Mito-PB probes, without inducing perturbations in cell growth. The variation in free radicals and oxygen levels was monitored within cells under different stress conditions through the fluorescence lifetime of the new TPP+-based probes giving comparable results to those obtained for MPP-based probes. However, at a loading concentration as low as 25 nM, our technique allows the detection of increased production of free radicals in the mitochondria in the presence of the TPP+ vector, a warning to the user of this well-known vector.