Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear quantum optical properties of graphene

We present a semiclassical theory of the linear and nonlinear optical response of graphene. The emphasis is placed on the nonlinear optical response of graphene from the standpoint of the underlying chiral symmetry. The Bloch quasiparticles in the low-energy limit around the degeneracy points are dominantly chiral. It is shown that this chiral behavior in conjunction with scale invariance in graphene around the Dirac points results in the strong nonlinear optical response. Explicit expressions for the linear and nonlinear conductivity tensors are derived based on semiconductor Bloch equations (SBEs). The linear terms agree with the result of Kubo formulation. The three main additive mechanisms contribute in the nonlinear optical response of graphene: pure intraband, pure interband and the interplay between them. For each contribution, an explicit response function is derived. The Kerr-type nonlinearity of graphene is then numerically studied and it is demonstrated that the nonlinear refractive index of graphene can be tuned and enhanced by applying a gate voltage. It is also discussed that a strong Kerr nonlinearity can be achieved in a gated graphene monolayer. However, this nonlinearity is accompanied with a significant amount of absorption loss.
INFERENCES ON THE RELATIONS BETWEEN CENTRAL BLACK HOLE MASS AND TOTAL GALAXY STELLAR MASS IN THE HIGH-REDSHIFT UNIVERSE

At the highest redshifts, z > 6 ? > , several tens of luminous quasars have been detected. The search for fainter active galactic nucleus (AGN), in deep X-ray surveys, has proven less successful, with few candidates to date. An extrapolation of the relationship between black hole (BH) and bulge mass would predict that the sample of z > 6 ? > galaxies host relatively massive BHs ( > 10 6 M ⊙ ? > ), if one assumes that total stellar mass is a good proxy for bulge mass. At least a few of these BHs should be luminous enough to be detectable in the 4Ms CDFS. The relation between BH and stellar mass defined by local moderate-luminosity AGNs in low-mass galaxies, however, has a normalization that is lower by approximately an order of magnitude compared to the BH–bulge mass relation. We explore how this scaling changes the interpretation of AGNs in the high-z universe. Despite large uncertainties, driven by those in the stellar mass function, and in the extrapolation of local relations, one can explain the current non-detection of moderate-luminosity AGNs in Lyman Break Galaxies if galaxies below 10 11 M ⊙ ? > are characterized by the low-normalization scaling, and, even more so, if their Eddington ratio is also typical of moderate-luminosity AGNs rather than luminous quasars. AGNs being missed by X-ray searches due to obscuration or instrinsic X-ray weakness also remain a possibility.
CFHTLenS: co-evolution of galaxies and their dark matter haloes

Galaxy-galaxy weak lensing is a direct probe of the mean matter distribution around galaxies. The depth and sky coverage of the CFHT Legacy Survey yield statistically significant galaxy halo mass measurements over a much wider range of stellar masses ($10^{8.75}$ to $10^{11.3} M_{\odot}$) and redshifts ($0.2 < z < 0.8$) than previous weak lensing studies. At redshift $z \sim 0.5$, the stellar-to-halo mass ratio (SHMR) reaches a maximum of $4.0\pm0.2$ percent as a function of halo mass at $\sim 10^{12.25} M_{\odot}$. We find, for the first time from weak lensing alone, evidence for significant evolution in the SHMR: the peak ratio falls as a function of cosmic time from $4.5 \pm 0.3$ percent at $z \sim 0.7$ to $3.4 \pm 0.2$ percent at $z \sim 0.3$, and shifts to lower stellar mass haloes. These evolutionary trends are dominated by red galaxies, and are consistent with a model in which the stellar mass above which star formation is quenched "downsizes" with cosmic time. In contrast, the SHMR of blue, star-forming galaxies is well-fit by a power law that does not evolve with time. This suggests that blue galaxies form stars at a rate that is balanced with their dark matter accretion in such a way that they evolve along the SHMR locus. The redshift dependence of the SHMR can be used to constrain the evolution of the galaxy population over cosmic time.
ANALYSIS OF TWEETS OF SPANISH POLITICIANS AND STUDY THROUGH TEXT MINING TECHNIQUES

: The objective is to extract information from the social network Twitter, specifically from four users who represent political figures in Spain, for further study applying different statistical and mining techniques. The users studied are: Pedro Sánchez, the current president of the government and of the Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE), Pablo Iglesias, former vice president of the government and of United We Can, Inés Arrimadas, president of Ciudadanos and Pablo Casado, president of the Popular Party (PP). ). The methodology used consists of, starting from an average of 1,900 tweets per user and a total of more than 7,600 extracted tweets, applying hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering techniques, association rules, classification of tweets based on their authorship using machines of support vector and, finally, an analysis of sentiments using a dictionary of words. For the classification, a mathematical model is trained and the politicians are divided into two groups for its application: on the one hand, Sánchez together with Iglesias, and on the other, Arrimadas with Casado, due to the, a priori, similarity between them. The results show the heterogeneity of the data collected, the classification of tweets based on authorship fails in 8.72% for the case of the president and former president of the government, and 10.44% of erroneous classifications are obtained for the other two politicians. Sentiment analysis shows how users’ tweets stand out for having a high degree of “trust”. The results of the classification show how, despite having formed a government coalition in the past, Sánchez and Iglesias publish more different tweets than those published by Arrimadas and Casado, which did not have to show a more even content, but the model failed more times when classifying their tweets.
Finite-Time Control for Connected Vehicles Under Denial-of-Service Attacks: A Dynamic Event-Triggered Control Strategy

This paper addresses a security control issue of connected vehicle systems subject to denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. To deal with the bandwidth constraint, a novel dynamic event-triggered mechanism (DETM) is proposed. Compared with static ETMs, attack intensity is introduced into the design of triggering parameters, which strikes a better balance between the data releasing amount and system performance. To withstand the negative impact of DoS attacks, an extended tracking error model is constructed, which integrates a modified bidirectional information topology, intermittent DoS attacks, DETM into a unified scheme. By using a piecewise Lyapunov function, a co-design method of controllers and communication parameters is developed. Different from string stability or asymptotic stability analysis methods, finite-time boundedness of the concerned system is investigated to provide an evaluation of system performance with respect to time. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Constraining ultralarge-scale cosmology with multiple tracers in optical and radio surveys

Multiple tracers of the cosmic density field, with different bias, number and luminosity evolution, can be used to measure the large-scale properties of the Universe. We show how an optimal combination of tracers can be used to detect general-relativistic effects in the observed density of sources. We forecast for the detectability of these effects, as well as measurements of primordial non-Gaussianity and large-scale lensing magnification with current and upcoming large-scale structure experiments. In particular we quantify the significance of these detections in the short term with experiments such as the Dark Energy Survey (DES), and in the long term with the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) and the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). We review the main observational challenges that must be overcome to carry out these measurements.
Flight Endurance Increasing Technology of New Energy UAV Based on a Strut-Braced Wing

This paper explores the feasibility of using the strut-braced wing (SBW) configuration to improve the flight endurance of the new energy unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A conceptual scheme of a new energy UAV with SBW configuration was designed, and the influence of the SBW on the aerodynamic and structural performance was analyzed. The results show that the SBW can improve the structural performance of the wing and increase the solar laying area of the wing, but the aerodynamic performance did not improve significantly. From the perspective of UAV energy consumption in level flight, the subtraction between electric output power and solar input power is selected as the evaluation index of the increasing effect of the flight endurance. A multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) model was established considering the coupling of aerodynamics, structure, energy, and weight. Surrogate model technology and multiobjective genetic algorithm are used to optimize the SBW configuration. Compared with the conventional configuration, the optimal design result of the SBW configuration can reduce the level-flight output power and increase the solar input power, thus effectively increasing the flight endurance of the UAV.
Construction of optimal teleportation witness operators from entanglement witnesses

Teleportation witnesses are hermitian operators which can identify useful entanglement for quantum teleportation. Here we provide a systematic method to construct teleportation witnesses from entanglement witnesses corresponding to general qudit systems. The witnesses so constructed are shown to be optimal for qubit and qutrit systems, and therefore detect the largest set of states useful for teleportation within a given class. We demonstrate the action of the witness pertaining to different classes of states in qubits and qutrits. Decomposition of the witness in terms of spin operators facilitiates experimental identification of useful resources for teleportation.
A UNIQUE X-RAY UNABSORBED SEYFERT 2 GALAXY: IRAS F01475-0740

X-ray unabsorbed Seyfert 2 galaxies appear to have X-ray absorption column densities that are too low (NH < 1022 cm−2) to explain the absence of broad emission lines in their optical spectra, challenging the standard active galactic nucleus (AGN) unification model. In this Letter, we report Suzaku exposure on the X-ray unabsorbed Seyfert 2 galaxy IRAS F01475-0740, in which a hidden broad-line region was detected through spectropolarimetric observation. The X-ray data show rapid and significant variations on timescales down to 5 ks, indicating that we are viewing its central engine directly. A newly obtained optical spectrum and previous optical/X-ray data suggest that state transition is unlikely in this source. These make IRAS F01475-0740 a very peculiar X-ray unabsorbed Seyfert 2 galaxy which can only be explained by absorption from materials with abnormally high dust-to-gas ratio (by a factor of >4 larger than Galactic). This is in contrast to most AGNs, which typically show dust-to-gas ratios 3–100 times lower than the Galactic.
New born macrosomia in gestational diabetes mellitus

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic complication of pregnancy. The pathogenesis of GDM is considered to involve β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance (IR). GDM is associated with a significant risk of macrosomia in addition to a high probability of metabolic complications for the offspring. The precise mechanism underlying GDM remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to analyse the factors associated with insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction involved in the pathophysiology of GDM complicated with macrosomia compared with GDM without macrosomia. In addition, another aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between GDM complicated with macrosomia and anthropometric, clinical and paraclinical parameters. The following group of patients were recruited as part of a case-control study: Patients with GDM without macrosomia, patients with GDM complicated with macrosomia and healthy gestational controls. Blood samples were collected at the third trimester of pregnancy and tested for adiponectin, leptin, insulin, proinsulin and C-peptide. Homeostatic model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR), steady state β-cell function (HOMA%B), insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S) and body mass index (BMI) were also calculated. All patients diagnosed with GDM showed an impairment in HOMA%B and a decrease in C-peptide maternal serum concentration. Additionally, diabetic status leading to the birth of offspring with macrosomia did not induce changes in the maternal serum levels of insulin, proinsulin, adiponectin or leptin, which was also the case in patients with GDM but not macrosomia. HOMA%B presented a stronger positive correlation with pre-pregnancy BMI and maternal weight gain, and a stronger negative correlation with adiponectin. Furthermore, HOMA%S in this group exhibited strong positive correlations with maternal serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and aspartate aminotransferase, and a strong negative correlation with pre-pregnancy BMI. In the same patients, HOMA-IR was also found to have a high negative correlation with HDL levels, and highly positive correlations with gestational age and triglyceride levels. In conclusion, the present study suggests that the different correlations among the factors involved in the pathogenesis of GDM may explain the evolution of GDM pregnancy to macrosomia.
Decay and persistence of spatial coherence during phonon-assisted relaxation in double quantum dots

We present a theoretical study of the evolution of spatial coherence during relaxation between delocalized exciton states in a pair of vertically stacked semiconductor quantum dots coupled to acoustic phonons. We show that spatial coherence can be transferred to the ground state even in a system of uncoupled non-identical quantum dots if a particular kind of degeneracy between the inter-level energy splittings is present. The phonon-assisted mechanism of coherence transfer leads to a dependence of the amount of the resulting coherence on the inter-dot distance and temperature. We analyze also the impact of carrier-phonon dynamics on a coupled system, where spatial coherence is present in the delocalized ground state.
Polarization Instabilities in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

We report on experimental investigation of short-period InGaAs/InGaAlAs superlattice vertical cavity surface emitting lasers characteristics (VCSEL), including light-current-voltage characteristics, optical and radiofrequency spectra and polarization mode hopping between orthogonal modes. The observed polarization switching features is similar to what is observed in quantum well VCSEL. Future investigations will consider polarization-resolved optical and radiofrequency spectra, total intensity noise analysis of VCSEL biased near the polarization switching point.
Convolution methods for mathematical problems in biometrics

Abstract : Estimation of the impostor probability density function from the inter-template and template-sample probability density functions involves a multi-dimensional convolution of the latter density functions. We assume isotropy of the probability distribution functions and use the Fourier transform to express the convolution as a one-dimensional integral with a kernel given by a spherical Bessel function.
CALIBRATING PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFT DISTRIBUTIONS WITH CROSS-CORRELATIONS

The next generation of proposed galaxy surveys will increase the number of galaxies with photometric redshift identifications by two orders of magnitude, drastically expanding both the redshift range and detection threshold from the current state of the art. Obtaining spectra for a fair subsample of these new data could be cumbersome and expensive. However, adequate calibration of the true redshift distribution of galaxies is vital to tapping the potential of these surveys to illuminate the processes of galaxy evolution and to constrain the underlying cosmology and growth of structure. We examine here an alternative to direct spectroscopic follow-up: calibration of the redshift distribution of photometric galaxies via cross-correlation with an overlapping spectroscopic survey whose members trace the same density field. We review the theory, develop a pipeline to implement the method, apply it to mock data from N-body simulations, and examine the properties of this redshift distribution estimator. We demonstrate that the method is generally effective, but the estimator is weakened by two main factors. One is that the correlation function of the spectroscopic sample must be measured in many bins along the line of sight, which renders the measurement noisy and interferes with high-quality reconstruction of the photometric redshift distribution. Also, the method is not able to disentangle the photometric redshift distribution from redshift dependence in the bias of the photometric sample. We establish the impact of these factors using our mock catalogs. We conclude that it may still be necessary to spectroscopically follow up a fair subsample of the photometric survey data. Nonetheless, it is significant that the method has been successfully implemented on mock data, and with further refinement it may appreciably decrease the number of spectra that will be needed to calibrate future surveys.
“Who is not an agent here?”: The Collateral Damage of Anti‐Trafficking in Nepal

Abstract In this paper, I explore how the diverse labour migration practices of people who challenge their state’s restrictive policies produce a form of stigma that extends from people to the places where they reside. Drawing on the findings of Participatory Action Research (PAR) conducted in Nepal, I demonstrate how people residing in one such place attempt to undo stigma by adopting diverse practices amidst restrictive anti‐trafficking and migration policies. I reveal a novel practice of prospective labour migrants negotiating and receiving money from their choicest mobility facilitators to assist their unauthorised labour migration. This exchange of money potentially criminalises prospective labour migrants, their family members, unlicensed and licensed recruitment agents, community leaders, anti‐traffickers, government officials, hotel owners, transport service providers, and airport immigration officials as traffickers. Underscoring the collateral damage of anti‐trafficking in Nepal, I assert that the exchange of money to facilitate unauthorised migration expands the remit of criminalisation of citizens as “traffickers”.
XMM-Newton and Suzaku Spectroscopic Studies of Unidentified X-ray Sources towards the Galactic Bulge: 1RXS J180556.1$-$343818 and 1RXS J173905.2$-$392615

With the XMM-Newton and Suzaku observations, for the first time, we acquired broad-band spectra of two unidentified X-ray sources towards the Galactic bulge: 1RXS J180556.1$-$343818 and 1RXS J173905.2$-$392615. The 1RXS J180556.1$-$343818 spectrum in the $0.3$-$7$ keV band was explained by X-ray emission originated from an optically-thin thermal plasma with temperatures of $0.5$ and $1.7$ keV. The estimated absorption column density of $N_{\rm H} \sim 4 \times 10^{20}$ cm$^{-2}$ was significantly smaller than the Galactic HI column density towards the source. A candidate of its optical counterpart, HD 321269, was found within $4''$. In terms of the X-ray properties and the positional coincidence, it is quite conceivable that 1RXS J180556.1$-$343818 is an active G giant. We also found a dim X-ray source that was positionally consistent with 1RXS J173905.2$-$392615. Assuming that the X-ray spectrum can be reproduced with an absorbed optically-thin thermal plasma model with $kT = 1.6$ keV, the X-ray flux in the $0.5$-$8$ keV band was $8.7 \times 10^{-14}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$, fainter by a factor of $\sim 7$ than that of 1RXS J173905.2$-$392615 during the ROSAT observation. The follow-up observations we conducted revealed that these two sources would belong to the Galactic disk, rather than the Galactic bulge.
Towards a realistic transport modeling in a superconducting nanowire with Majorana fermions

Motivated by recent experiments searching for Majorana fermions (MFs) in hybrid semiconducting-superconducting nanostructures, we consider a realistic tight-binding model and analyze its transport behavior numerically. In particular, we take into account the presence of a superconducting contact, used in real experiments to extract the current, which is usually not included in theoretical calculations. We show that important features emerge that are absent in simpler models, such as the shift in energy of the proximity gap signal, and the enhanced visibility of the topological gap for increased spin-orbit interaction. We find oscillations of the zero bias peak as a function of the magnetic field and study them analytically. We argue that many of the experimentally observed features hint at an actual spin-orbit interaction larger than the one typically assumed. However, even taking into account all the known ingredients of the experiments and exploring many parameter regimes for MFs, we are not able to reach full agreement with the reported data. Thus, a different physical origin for the observed zero-bias peak cannot be excluded.
Network Pharmacology Analyses of the Pharmacological Targets and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Salvianolic Acid A in Myocardial Infarction

Objective Salvianolic acid A, a natural polyphenolic ingredient extracted from traditional Chinese medicine, possesses an excellent pharmacological activity against cardiovascular diseases. Herein, therapeutic mechanisms of salvianolic acid A in myocardial infarction were explored through systematic and comprehensive network pharmacology analyses. Methods The chemical structure of salvianolic acid A was retrieved from PubChem database. Targets of salvianolic acid A were estimated through SwissTargetPrediction, HERB, and TargetNet databases. Additionally, by GeneCards, OMIM, DisGeNET, and TTD online tools, myocardial infarction-relevant targets were predicted. Following intersection, therapeutic targets were determined. The interaction of their products was evaluated with STRING database, and hub therapeutic targets were selected. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of therapeutic targets were then implemented. H9C2 cells were exposed to oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) to mimic myocardial infarction and administrated with salvianolic acid A. Cellular proliferation was assayed via CCK‐8 assay, and hub therapeutic targets were verified with RT-qPCR. Results In total, 120 therapeutic targets of salvianolic acid A in myocardial infarction were identified. There were close interactions between their products. Ten hub therapeutic targets were determined, covering SRC, CTNNB1, PIK3CA, AKT1, RELA, EGFR, FYN, ITGB1, MAPK8, and NFKB1. Therapeutic targets were significantly correlated to myocardial infarction-relevant pathways, especially PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Salvianolic acid A administration remarkably ameliorated the viability of OGD/R-induced H9C2 cells, and altered the expression of hub therapeutic targets. Conclusion Our work uncovers therapeutic mechanisms of salvianolic acid A for the treatment of myocardial infarction, providing a new insight into further research on salvianolic acid A.