Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic variability and sex dimorphism in Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae): comparison of wild and laboratory grown adults of two sympatric cosmopolitan species

Abstract Phenotypic variability of several morphological traits was investigated in the two sibling cosmopolitan species (Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans) collected simultaneously at the same place (Marrakech, Morocco). The phenotypic plasticity of wild living flies due to heterogeneous (but unknown) environmental conditions (HEC) was compared to the plasticity due to growth temperature in the protected environment of laboratory. Three metric, size-related traits were measured and 3 shape indices calculated. A meristic trait, thoracic bristles was also analyzed as well as another quantitative trait, abdomen pigmentation. Measurements were done on both sexes, allowing the analyses of sexual dimorphism. Developmental temperature in laboratory experiments (17 and 25 °C) confirmed a known plasticity, i.e. larger and darker flies at a lower temperature, while the bristle number was almost not affected. In nature, the main result was an average smaller size and a huge increase in the phenotypic variance of size. This suggests that, in nature, larval feeding conditions are less favorable and highly variable. Bristle number remained, as well as pigmentation, practically not affected by HEC. A negative correlation, between pigmentation and wing loading, suggested that, although wild flies were collected at the same time and place, the breeding sites were not exactly at the same temperature. D. simulans developed, on average, at a lower temperature than D. melanogaster, in agreement with a known behavioral difference, with respect to domestic habitats. Sexual dimorphism (SD) revealed a consistent shape difference between sexes, i.e. a more elongated thorax in females. In D. simulans size SD was significantly less in nature, suggesting that males were less affected by HEC. SD of pigmentation was always close to one in D. melanogaster, while it could be much more in D. simulans.
PD-L1, TMB, MSI, and Other Predictors of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Biliary Tract Cancer

Simple Summary Over the last decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed death 1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) have dramatically changed the therapeutic algorithm of several hematological and solid tumors. Of note, these agents have been also investigated in biliary tract cancer (BTC), reporting controversial results so far; in this setting, the role of ICIs is still to be established, and available data on immunotherapy in BTC patients are mainly limited to sub-analyses of basket trials and small single-arm studies. A crucial challenge is represented by the lack of validated predictive biomarkers, that could help identify responders to immunotherapy, a high unmet need in these immunologically “cold” malignancies where ICIs are still looking for their niche. Abstract Biliary tract cancer (BTC) represents the second most frequently diagnosed primary liver cancer worldwide following hepatocellular carcinoma, and the overall survival of patients with unresectable disease remains poor. In recent years, the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape of several malignancies with these agents, which have also been explored in advanced BTC, as monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer agents. However, clinical trials evaluating ICIs in BTC have shown conflicting results, and the clinical benefit provided by immunotherapy seems limited to a small subgroup of BTC patients. Thus, the identification of reliable predictors of the response to immunotherapy represents a significant challenge in this setting. This review provides an overview of the available evidence on the biomarkers predictive of the response to ICIs in patients with advanced BTC, especially focusing on programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and other emerging biomarkers.
Association Between Types of Family Support and Glycemic Control for Adults With Cognitive Impairment

Background: Family support is important in assisting with diabetes self-management for individuals with cognitive impairment, but what types of family support are most effective remain unknown. Objectives: We aimed to examine the association between the types of family support in diabetes self-management with glycemic control in middle-aged and older adults with cognitive impairment. Methods: A total of 267 individuals were included with diabetes and cognitive impairment (27-point Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status score <12), using the data of 2003 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) Diabetes Study and 2004 wave of the HRS. Results: Most respondents were White (68.9%), followed by Black (25.8%). The mean age was 73.4±8.4 years. Adults with strong family support (as indicated by a “strongly agree” response) in testing sugar and in handling feelings about diabetes had significantly lower A1C compared with those with less family support (mean ± standard deviation: 7.08±1.39 vs. 7.51±1.42, P=.03; 6.79±0.87 vs. 7.57±1.53; P=.007 respectively). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that family members of individuals with cognitive impairment provide critical support to patients with diabetes and cognitive impairment, and may need additional intervention to assist with diabetes self-management tasks that require unique knowledge and skills.
Flexible Fault Tolerance in Distributed Enterprise Communities

We are witnessing the birth of the digital enterprise, in which many of the enterprise operations will be performed by independent software programs or by programs acting on behalf of humans. These heterogeneous agents are often managing different activities (such as stock trading or inventory management) in an autonomous manner and interact with each other in order to perform their job, creating distributed communities of agents. The involved agents are usually complex software entities, that should be able maintain a state that survives software or hardware failures. The classic solution is to use a relational database (such as Oracle), possibly replicated, to save the states of the agents in a manner that can survive failures and implement the communal invariants inside the database. However, keeping the invariants inside the database is difficult, since these invariants are application dependent and might be difficult to be formalized inside the database. But even more important, since the agents are distributed, keeping the states consistent in the presence of faults might require the use of distributed transactions, which are notoriously hard to handle and very expensive. In this paper we present a flexible, yet robust framework that will allow the states of the involved agents to survive hardware or software failures. In our system, the interactions of the agents that work in a given community are governed by a given law that is enforced in a distributed manner. The state of an agent is defined by the law and several options to handle the failures and keep the states consistent with each other are provided. The implementation of our system will employ the distributed coordination and control mechanism called Law-Governed Interaction} (LGI).
1 Suspiciously high correlations in brain imaging research

Edward Vul [evul@ucsd.edu]; Harold Pashler [hpashler@ucsd.edu]; UCSD Psychology In early 2005 a speaker visiting our department reported that blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) activity in a small region of the brain accounted for the great majority of the variance in speed with which subjects walk out of the experiment several hours later (this finding was never published, as far as we know). This result struck us as puzzling, to say the least. It made us wonder about various apparent implications, for example: Are walking speeds really so reliable that most of their variability can be predicted? Does a single, localized cortical region chiefly determine walking speeds? Are walking speeds largely predetermined hours in advance? These implications all struck us as far-fetched. Browsing the literature, we were surprised to find that similarly high correlations between fMRI data and individual differences in social behavior and other individual differences were not at all uncommon in the literature. And yet, when we tried to estimate the maximum plausible population correlation between fMRI measures and social behavior based on psychometric considerations, it seemed that the upper bound should be around 0.75 (given a generous estimate of the reliability of the behavioral and brain measures). And yet, correlations exceeding this upper bound were very common (Figure 1). Our efforts to figure out what was amiss to yield such high correlations led to a 2009 article-initially titled "Voodoo Correlations in Social Neuroscience"-which generated far more interest and controversy than we had remotely anticipated. The source of these suspicious correlations turned out to be a fairly simple selection bias, namely, a selective analysis procedure that effectively reports the highest observed sample correlations chosen out of a very large set of candidates. The problem with such circular
ATM prevents DSB formation by coordinating SSB repair and cell cycle progression

Significance DNA is chemically unstable; therefore, human cells have to repair a great number and variety of DNA lesions each day. DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) represent one of the most dangerous lesions because, if unrepaired, they lead to genetic instability and are implicated in many human diseases. Here we report a novel mechanism that detects SSBs and controls the timing of SSB repair, thereby preventing the duplication of damaged DNA and the accumulation of mutations. Our findings shed important light on the molecular defects associated with the human disease ataxia-telangiectasia, which is caused by mutations in the atm gene. DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) arise as a consequence of spontaneous DNA instability and are also formed as DNA repair intermediates. Their repair is critical because they otherwise terminate gene transcription and generate toxic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) on replication. To prevent the formation of DSBs, SSB repair must be completed before DNA replication. To accomplish this, cells should be able to detect unrepaired SSBs, and then delay cell cycle progression to allow more time for repair; however, to date there is no evidence supporting the coordination of SSB repair and replication in human cells. Here we report that ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) plays a major role in restricting the replication of SSB-containing DNA and thus prevents DSB formation. We show that ATM is activated by SSBs and coordinates their repair with DNA replication. SSB-mediated ATM activation is followed by a G1 cell cycle delay that allows more time for repair and thus prevents the replication of damaged DNA and DSB accrual. These findings establish an unanticipated role for ATM in the signaling of DNA SSBs and provide important insight into the molecular defects leading to genetic instability in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia.
Marine Protected Areas as Biological Successes and Social Failures in Southeast Asia

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are of growing interest globally. They are principally studied from a biological perspective, with some cases documenting improved environmental conditions and increased fish yields. The MPAs that meet narrowly defined biological goals are generally presented as "successes. " However, these same MPAs may, in fact, be social "failures" when social evaluation criteria are applied. A review of four MPAs in the Philippines and Indonesia demonstrates this scenario. The cases are reviewed using standard measures of biological and social success. Their historic and present management structures are reviewed. It is suggested that a strong linkage exists between social and biological success, with social considerations determining long-term biological success. This finding implies that standards for measuring both biological and social success should be applied equally and that MPAs should be designed to meet multiple social and biological goals. The evaluation and portrayal of MPAs has implications for the management of a particular MPA and the broader discourse surrounding marine environmental management.
Pain in the aftermath of trauma is a risk factor for post-traumatic stress disorder

Background Identifying risk factors for the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is important for understanding and ultimately preventing the disorder. This study assessed pain shortly after traumatic injury (i.e. peritraumatic pain) as a risk factor for PTSD. Method Participants (n=115) were patients admitted to a Level 1 Surgical Trauma Center. Admission to this service reflected a severe physical injury requiring specialized, emergent trauma care. Participants completed a pain questionnaire within 48 h of traumatic injury and a PTSD diagnostic module 4 and 8 months later. Results Peritraumatic pain was associated with an increased risk of PTSD, even after controlling for a number of other significant risk factors other than acute stress disorder symptoms. An increase of 0.5 s.d. from the mean in a 0–10 pain rating scale 24–48 h after injury was associated with an increased odds of PTSD at 4 months by more than fivefold, and at 8 months by almost sevenfold. A single item regarding amount of pain at the time of hospital admission correctly classified 65% of participants. Conclusions If these findings are replicated in other samples, high levels of peritraumatic pain could be used to identify individuals at elevated risk for PTSD following traumatic injury.
Lexical and morphological aspects of gender and their effect on the acquisition of gender agreement in second language learners

ii-vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.iv-vi CHAPTER ONE: SYNTACTICALLY CHALLENGED OR LEXICALLY COMPROMISED? 1 CHAPTER TWO: GENDER AS AN INTERFACE FEATURE.26 2.1 Gender in Minimalism . 27 2.2 Gender in Theories of Lexical Retrieval.35 2.3 Gender in Monolingual Studies of Lexical Organization.40 2.4 Studies of Gender in the Bilingual Lexicon.45 2.5 The Study of Gender in Language Acquisition.48 2.5. 1 L1 gender acquisition.51 2.5. 2 L2 gender acquisition.55 2.5. 3 Lexical/syntactic hypothesis.62 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY.77 3.1 Experiment 1.79 3.1. 1 Participants . 79 3.1. 2 Research Tasks.82 3.1. 2.1 Grammaticality judgment task.82 3.1. 2.2 Picture-matching task.88 3.2. Experiment 2.90 3.2.1 Participants.91 3.2.2 Research tasks.93
Industrial Product Surface Anomaly Detection with Realistic Synthetic Anomalies Based on Defect Map Prediction

The occurrence of anomalies on the surface of industrial products can lead to issues such as decreased product quality, reduced production efficiency, and safety hazards. Early detection and resolution of these problems are crucial for ensuring the quality and efficiency of production. The key challenge in applying deep learning to surface defect detection of industrial products is the scarcity of defect samples, which will make supervised learning methods unsuitable for surface defect detection problems. Therefore, it is a reasonable solution to use anomaly detection methods to deal with surface defect detection. Among image-based anomaly detection, reconstruction-based methods are the most commonly used. However, reconstruction-based approaches lack the involvement of defect samples in the training process, posing the risk of a perfect reconstruction of defects by the reconstruction network. In this paper, we propose a reconstruction-based defect detection algorithm that addresses these challenges by utilizing more realistic synthetic anomalies for training. Our model focuses on creating authentic synthetic defects and introduces an auto-encoder image reconstruction network with deep feature consistency constraints, as well as a defect separation network with a large receptive field. We conducted experiments on the challenging MVTec anomaly detection dataset and our trained model achieved an AUROC score of 99.70% and an average precision (AP) score of 99.87%. Our method surpasses recently proposed defect detection algorithms, thereby enhancing the accuracy of surface defect detection in industrial products.
Harmful algal blooms: Their ecophysiology and general relevance to phytoplankton blooms in the sea

From 60 to 80 species of phytoplankton have been reported to be harmful; of these, 90% are flagellates, notably dinoflagellates. The effects of turbulence on harmful algal bloom (HAB) taxa, their photoadaptive strategies, growth rate, and nutrient uptake affinity (Ks) are considered. Flagellates, including HAB taxa, collectively have a lower nutrient uptake affinity than diatoms. Four major adaptations are suggested to have been evolved to offset the ecological disadvantages of their low nutrient affinity: nutrient retrieval migrations; mixotrophic tendencies; alle‐lelochemically enhanced interspecific competition; and allelopathic, antipredation defense mechanisms. Motility‐based behavioral features of flagellates contributing to their blooms include: phototaxis, vertical migration, pattern swimming, and aggregation, which facilitate nutrient retrieval, trace metal detoxification, antipredation, depth‐keeping, and turbulence avoidance. Neither a general physiological syndrome nor distinctive physiological profile distinguishes harmful flagellate species from nonharmful taxa. However, HAB flagellates exhibit significant ecophysiological differences when compared to diatoms, including greater biophysical vulnerability to turbulence, greater bloom dependence on water‐mass stratification, greater nutritional diversity involving mixotrophic tendencies, greater potential use of allelochemical mechanisms in interspecific competition and antipredation defenses, and unique behaviorial consequences of their motility. Flagellates use a “swim” strategy; diatoms a “sink” strategy.
Transformational Christian College and University Presidents: An Examination of Fundraising Success.

The nature of presidential leadership styles at Christian higher education institutions was examined through the lens of fundraising. There has been a growing understanding that college and university presidents are being called on to play a more significant role in the leadership of their institutions, particularly in light of the fiscal challenges facing higher education. More recently, research has begun to focus on the specific character traits and practices of transformational leaders in an attempt to discern if there are significant differences in organizational and personal outcomes in a variety of settings. By understanding what leadership practices are transformational in nature and their association with successful fundraising, Christian college and university presidents can become more effective leaders as they face the fiscal challenges of higher education. The relationship between the leadership practices of a Christian college or university president and fundraising success was studied to determine if any correlations existed between the practice of leadership and fundraising. The research utilized data collected from institution presidents and administrators through the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and institution reported data on fundraising. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. There was a significant correlation between the practice of individual consideration and fundraising effectiveness r = . 445, p=. 049, reaching the . 05 significance level. There were differences in the grouped means of the transformational, transactional and laissez-faire presidents, but the differences were not statistically significant. Finally, the leadership practices of individual consideration and management-by-exception (passive) combined to account for 37% of the variance in fundraising success.
www.ssoar.info Sleep disturbances and serum ferritin levels in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Nutzungsbedingungen: Dieser Text wird unter dem "PEER Licence Agreement zur Verfügung" gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zum PEER-Projekt finden Sie hier: http://www.peerproject. eu Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Mit der Verwendung dieses Dokuments erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen an. Terms of use: This document is made available under the "PEER Licence Agreement ". For more Information regarding the PEER-project see: http://www.peerproject. eu This document is solely intended for your personal, non-commercial use.All of the copies of this documents must retain all copyright information and other information regarding legal protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the document in public. By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated conditions of use.
A Map-Matching Service Designed for Courier Trajectories

In express delivery, couriers will generate a mass of trajectory logs when delivering shipments. To analyze these logs is of great value for the promotion of express delivery service. For any research based on trajectory data, map-matching plays an important role, so in this article, we design a map-matching service specially for courier trajectories. As far as we know, existing map-matching algorithms are designed mainly for cars or walks, or ignoring means of transportation. Although these methods can be applied to courier trajectory map-matching, the accuracy of them can hardly be guaranteed as they ignore the characteristics of courier trajectories. To solve this problem, we design a new map-matching service based on a map-matching algorithm called Courier Trajectory Based Map-Matching (CTB-Matching), which is specially used to deal with courier trajectories. Courier trajectories have some characteristics different from traditional trajectories. Firstly, couriers have to deliver shipments at different sites, so the trajectories seem more irregular, which is called as "fragmentation" problem. Secondly, unlike cars, couriers' positioning information is mainly generated by Wi-Fi location system, which is not precise as Global Position System (GPS), so the location deviation problem should be taken into account. What's more, couriers usually use electric bikes for delivery, which travel slower than cars, and are less likely to be influenced by traffic. Therefore, the speed or temporal analysis for cars is not suitable here. Based on the analysis of current algorithms and the problems stated above, this paper designs a map-matching service for courier trajectory data. The experiments verify that our service performs better when dealing with courier trajectory data. Besides, our service is efficient with low time complexity and space complexity, making our service responses with low latency.