Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The value function in ergodic control of diffusion processes with partial observations II

The problem of minimizing the ergodic or time-averaged cost for a controlled diffusion with partial observations can be recast as an equiv- alent control problem for the associated nonlinear filter. In analogy with the completely observed case, one may seek the value function for this problem as the vanishing discount limit of value functions for the associated dis- counted cost problems. This passage is justified here for the scalar case under a stability hypothesis, leading in particular to a "martingale" formu- lation of the dynamic programming principle.
GREEN ROOF: SIMULATION OF ENERGY BALANCE COMPONENTS IN RECIFE, PERNAMBUCO STATE, BRAZIL

Green roof is a technology that consists of the use of soil and vegetation installed in the roof of buildings, being a great solution to combat heat islands. Thus, this study aimed to compare micrometeorological changes and their effect on the energy balance of nonvegetated (slab) and vegetated building roofs by means of a simulation model calculated as a function of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo), determined by the PenmanMonteith method. This research was developed between February 1 and September 30, 2016, in the Charles Darwin Building’s Parking Garage, Rio Ave Empreendimentos, Recife, PE, Brazil. For this, a weather station was installed on the external building slab. On the slab, sensible, latent, and soil heat fluxes corresponded to 75, 22, and 3%, respectively, of the energy balance. In the simulated green roof, these fluxes reached values of 6, 87, and 7%, respectively. The simulation model allowed determining the energy balance for the green roof, indicating a lower sensible heat flux (69%) and a higher latent heat flux (55%) when compared to those found in the slab.
Secure Multiantenna Transmission With an Unknown Eavesdropper: Power Allocation and Secrecy Outage Analysis

This paper investigates the power allocation problem for secure multiple-input single-output transmission with the injection of artificial noise (AN), in the presence of an unknown eavesdropper (Eve). Two power allocation schemes, the optimal adaptive power allocation (OAPA) and suboptimal fixed power allocation (SFPA) schemes, are proposed to enhance the physical layer security of the considered system. Since the noise power at Eve is unknown, both power allocation schemes are designed for the worst-case scenario in which the noise power at Eve is assumed to be zero, aiming to minimize the secrecy outage probability (SOP). To characterize the performance of the proposed power allocation schemes, approximate closed-form expressions for average SOP under a preset noise power level are derived by applying Gauss-Chebyshev quadrature. We also address the worst-case secrecy outage performance for the proposed OAPA and SFPA schemes. Our analytical and numerical results show that, compared with the exhaustive search method that requires Eve’s prior information, the proposed OAPA scheme exhibits comparable secrecy outage performance without Eve’s prior information. Additionally, the SFPA scheme, also without Eve’s prior information, is capable of achieving almost the same worst-case SOP as the OAPA scheme, with a much lower implementation complexity.
Convolutional Neural Network-Based Skin Lesion Classification With Variable Nonlinear Activation Functions

One of the worst forms of skin cancer is melanoma which can be curable if it is diagnosed at an early stage. The earlier the cancer is diagnosed, the better is the outcome. The risk of death from melanoma is directly related to the delay in identifying a lesion. A Deep Learning-based computer diagnosing system can be an automated solution in clinical assessments to overcome this problem. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) can help to improve the classification rate of skin lesions from dermoscopic images without the need for any human assistance. The linear and nonlinear activation functions act as a node placed at hidden layers or output layers of a Neural Network to play a role in deciding whether that node should pass information to the following layer or not. This critical mathematical mechanism influences the accuracy rate of the CNN. To obtain acceptable performance, CNN requires a large amount of training data. This research shows how fast and effective different types of nonlinear activation functions work on a CNN with limited image datasets. Experimental analysis reveals that the proposed CNN model with parameterized Leaky ReLU function outperforms (97.50% accuracy, 98.00% precision, and 98.00% sensitivity) the same network with distinct nonlinear activation functions for the problem of melanoma recognition by classifying skin lesion into three classes. All experimental studies are carried out using images from PH2 (a dermoscopic image database obtained at the Hospital Pedro Hispano Dermatology Service in Matosinhos, Portugal) and International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) archive datasets.
Behavioral Determinants of Mating Success in Blackbuck under Semienclosed Condition: A Cross-Sectional Study in Shuklaphanta National Park, Nepal

Knowing reproductive behavior is important for establishing a viable population of nationally endangered blackbuck in Nepal. This study explored the behavioral events and states associated with copulatory mountings in blackbuck by focal animal sampling method under semienclosed conditions of Hirapurphanta within Shuklaphanta National Park, Nepal. We recorded different behavioral initiations for the mating reproductive activities and the behaviors followed after copulatory mounting. Four dominant adult males were used as a subject. The highest number of copulatory mountings was observed during the months of February–March. Among the diurnal observational phases, the highest number of copulatory mountings was recorded during 9.00–12.00 hours followed by 15.00 hours onwards. Copulatory mounting was significantly preceded by sniffing the vulva of female and showing flehmen response, whereas copulatory mounting was followed by walking.
Short notes on electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) design and modeling

This paper gives short notes on the electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) design and modeling. The principle of the electromagnetic-acoustic transduction as well as the various EMATs structures are described, highlighting the important characteristics of each structure. Analytical models are given in global quantities in order to quantify the electromagnetic-acoustic transduction e¢ ciency. The numerical modeling of such structures is also addressed.
Braving the Waves: Issues and Coping of College Teachers in the Online Pedagogy

The global experiences of the pandemic situation have introduced an unnecessary shift in the teaching-learning process setup among the different departments, curriculum developers, teachers, instructors, professors, students, pupils, and parents to adjust to the emerging needs that an online class format requires. This research aims to describe the experiences of the College teachers of Notre Dame of Marbel University in the online pedagogy. This is descriptive qualitative research using the in-depth interview as a data gathering method. Thematic analysis was conducted to get the emerging themes based on the narratives and sharing of the participants. The challenges of the teachers in the technical aspects are unupdated devices, problems with the main sources of technology, unfamiliarity with applications, and technological gaps; their challenges are difficulty in social interaction, not being technologically inclined, dishonesty of students, time management; emotional challenges are pressure and fear, mental exhaustion, dishonesty, slow internet connection. The coping mechanisms of the language teachers involve keeping one’s circle close, doing things they love, social media, acceptance, practice, and collaborative learning. Along with these are the goals of the teachers for their students, which are honesty, knowledge, and to inspire.
1-D and 2-D coordination networks based on tetrathiacalix[]arene derivative generated with mercury and cobalt salts

The combination of four iso-nicotinate appended tetrathiacalix[4]arene (TCA-1) in 1,2-alternate imposed conformation behaving as neutral tectons with Co(II)Cl2 and Hg(II)Cl2 metallic salts, leads to the formation of neutral, new coordination networks. Indeed, the tetrasubstituted TCA-1 derivative leads to a 1D coordination polymer with Co(II)Cl2 and a 2D grid-like network with, Hg(II)Cl2. The effect of the nature of the metal used on the dimensionality was demonstrated by X-ray diffraction studies on a single crystal.
The COVID-19 Pandemic: What Factors can Affect BUMN-20 Stock Return in Indonesia?

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the policy rate, inflation, exchange rate, and world oil prices on the stock return of 20 companies listed on the State-Owned Enterprises of Indonesia (BUMN-20) Index from July 2016 to June 2021. We divided into three periods that are all periods, before and during pandemic COVID-19. The population in this study is companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The sample is determined by using purposive sampling with a total amount of 20 companies and total data is 846. This study used quantitative data analysis in the form of time-series data and documenting methods in obtaining the data. The analytical tools in this study are using multiple regression analysis. The result shows that the policy rate has a significant positive effect on stock returns, inflation and exchange rate have a significant negative effect on stock returns, and world oil prices do not appear any significant effect on the stock return of the BUMN-20 Index. While before and during the COVID-19 pandemic imply only an exchange rate that has a significant and negative effect on stock return. This implies that the COVID-19 pandemic does not appear a significant effect on the performance of BUMN-20 return.
FRESH AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLY ASH-BASED GEOPOLYMER MORTARS ACTIVATED BY DIFFERENT ALKALINE SOLUTIONS

Geopolymer is considered to be an eco-friendly binder and replacement for ordinary Portland cement as it leads to a reduction in CO 2 emissions and energy saving. A strong alkaline solution is required to activate the silicon and aluminum present in the fly ash and setting additives. The main objectives of this work are to determine the effects of the alkaline solution type on the fresh and mechanical properties of alkali-activated fly ash (class F) based geopolymer mortar. Four different alkaline solutions were prepared. The first and the second solutions were made by mixing sodium silicate liquid with sodium hydroxide and with potassium hydroxide, respectively. For the other two solutions, potassium silicate liquid was used instead of sodium silicate liquid. The investigated parameters included molarity of NaOH and KOH (10M, 12M, 14M and 16M) as well as different ratios of alkaline solutions to the binder (0.40, 0.45 and 0.50), silicate to hydroxide solutions ratio (2, 2.5 and 3) and sand to fly ash ratio (1.5, 2.0 and 2.5). Test results revealed that the workability significantly increased by using potassium silicate with respect to sodium silicate. In addition to increasing the silicate to hydroxide ratio has a negative impact on the workability of potassium silicate-based geopolymer mortar prepared by NH or KH. In case of sodium silicate based geopolymer mortars, the concentration of NH or KH of 16M achieves the maximum compressive strength but the concentration of 14M was remarked in case of potassium silicate-based geopolymer.
Drought specifically downregulates mineral nutrition: Plant ionomic content and associated gene expression

Abstract One of the main limiting factors of plant yield is drought, and while the physiological responses to this environmental stress have been broadly described, research addressing its impact on mineral nutrition is scarce. Brassica napus and Triticum aestivum were subjected to moderate or severe water deficit, and their responses to drought were assessed by functional ionomic analysis, and derived calculation of the net uptake of 20 nutrients. While the uptake of most mineral nutrients decreased, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Mo uptake were impacted earlier and at a larger scale than most physiological parameters assessed (growth, ABA concentration, gas exchanges and photosynthetic activity). Additionally, in B. napus , the patterns of 183 differentially expressed genes in leaves related to the ionome (known ionomic genes, KIGs) or assumed to be involved in transport of a given nutrient were analyzed. This revealed three patterns of gene expression under drought consisting of up (transport of Cl and Co), down (transport of N, P, B, Mo, and Ni), or mixed levels (transport of S, Mg, K, Zn, Fe, Cu, or Mn) of regulation. The three patterns of gene regulations are discussed in relation to specific gene functions, changes of leaf ionomic composition and with consideration of the crosstalks that have been established between elements. It is suggested that the observed reduction in Fe uptake occurred via a specific response to drought, leading indirectly to reduced uptake of Zn and Mn, and these may be taken up by common transporters encoded by genes that were downregulated.
Multi-Fidelity Stochastic Economic Dispatch for Operating Low Carbon Power Grids

Grid operators can address the inherently stochastic nature of renewables by solving a two-stage stochastic programming model that minimizes the cost of dispatch decisions while accounting for the complex grid dynamics. It is common to use a sample average approximation to estimate the expectation of the second stage costs in this model. However, the large sample count needed for numerical accuracy makes effective modeling of large-scale electric grids computationally intractable. We introduce a control variate multi-fidelity estimator for the second-stage recourse that enables high quality dispatch decisions in real-time with a reduced computational burden. We obtain a hierarchy of model fidelities by linearizing the AC power flow system representation to DC power flow, and by relaxing transmission and voltage network constraints. We evaluate the performance of our proposed method on a synthetic grid with 73 buses against a deterministic baseline with persistence forecast and a high-fidelity reference. Our analysis shows a computational speed-up of 7 . 62 × with a minimal increase in computational costs when compared to the high-fidelity reference. The multi-fidelity method is well suited to fidelity combinations that use a simplified network topology in their lower fidelity model and is an attractive option for applications where accurate grid modeling is needed on a limited computational budget.
Holstein dairy cows lose body condition score and gain body weight with increasing parity in both pasture-based and total mixed ration herds

Graphical Abstract Summary: Body condition scoring (BCS) and body weight (BW) measurements are associated with health and reproductive efficiencies of cows. We used raw data sets from 16 studies to evaluate associations of parity and feeding system (pasture-based or total mixed ration) with BCS at precalving and peak milk, and change in BCS, and BW at peak milk. With increasing parity, there is a general decrease in BCS and increase in BW regardless of feeding system, with most young cows having low BW and high BCS and older cows having high BW but low BCS.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND INTRA-ABDOMINAL ADHESIONS IN WOMEN UNDERGOING PREVIOUS CESAREAN SECTIONS

Background: Intra-abdominal adhesion formation is an important post-surgery complication and develops at an incidence of 24–83% following cesarean section. Obesity is associated with several disturbances in hemostasis, especially impaired fibrinolysis that may increase incidence of intra-abdominal adhesions. Aim of the Work: Evaluation of the association between body mass index and formation of intra-abdominal adhesion in women undergoing cesarean section. Patients and Methods: Two hundred and ten pregnant women of at least 37 weeks’ gestation with history of prior cesarean section were included and divided into two groups according to body mass index (BMI) upon cesarean section (<30 kg/m 2 and ≥30 kg/m 2 ). The intra-abdominal adhesion incidence and the scar characteristics of the groups were compared. Results: In obese cases, scar thickness was significantly higher 8.7 ± 1.2 vs. 7.3±1.1 mm, different adhesion sites (uterus-bladder, omentum-fascia, uterus-omentum and uterus-fascia) were significantly more frequent, dense adhesion consistencies were more frequent and adhesion size was higher in obese cases. Operative duration was significantly longer in obese cases 40.0 ± 3.0 vs. 36.9 ± 4.0 minutes. Operative complications were non-significantly more frequent in obese cases. Conclusion: In women undergoing cesarean section, there was a significant association between body mass index and formation of intra-abdominal adhesion.
Sometimes, Less Innovation is Better

City, University of London professor Paolo Aversa and his colleagues documented every innovation on more than 300 Formula 1 race cars over 30 years and then cross-referenced that data with information on F1 race results. They discovered that in certain situations, more innovation led to poorer performance. Their conclusion: sometimes, less innovation is better.
Evaluating the relationship between use phase environmental impacts and manufacturing process

provides scholarly to of and delivers a dynamic research platform to scholars worldwide. Abstract: The environmental impact of most consumer products is dominated by their use phase. However, these impacts tend to be driven by the manufacture of the product’s components since components fabricated with higher precision typically allow the product to operate at higher efficiencies. This paper investigates the relationship between precision and life cycle environmental impacts by extending the traditional LCA methodology to evaluate the impact of manufacturing process precision on the functional performance of a product during its use phase. The implications of this relationship to manufacturing decision-making are also discussed as sustainability concerns may support the use of higher precision processes.
A spectral Erd\H{o}s-P\'{o}sa Theorem

A set of cycles is called independent if no two of them have a common vertex. Let $S_{n, 2k-1}$ be the complete split graph, which is the join of a clique of size $2k-1$ with an independent set of size $n-2k+1$. In 1962, Erd\H{o}s and P\'{o}sa established the following edge-extremal result: for every graph $G$ of order $n$ which contains no $k$ independent cycles, where $k\geq2$ and $n\geq 24k$, we have $e(G)\leq (2k-1)(n-k),$ with equality if and only if $G\cong S_{n,2k-1}. $ In this paper, we prove a spectral version of Erd\H{o}s-P\'{o}sa Theorem. Let $k\geq1$ and $n\geq \frac{16(2k-1)}{\lambda^{2}}$ with $\lambda=\frac1{120k^2}$. If $G$ is a graph of order $n$ which contains no $k$ independent cycles, then $\rho(G)\leq \rho(S_{n,2k-1}),$ the equality holds if and only if $G\cong S_{n,2k-1}. $ This presents a new example illustration for which edge-extremal problems have spectral analogues. Finally, a related problem is proposed for further research.
Detection of Spam on Amazon E-commerce platform

The advancement of technology and the use of internet have changed many aspects of human culture over the years. Today, people look up to the internet to replace many old habits of doing things with the online shopping over platforms like Amazon and eBay becoming one of the most popular activities amongst people in modern societies. Consumers over these similar platforms take confidence in reputation and trust for comprehensive understanding of products or services when making a purchase decision. Actually well-known spam, method used to send unwanted electronic message to an unsolicited or random peoples who checks on the product or website . the major web search engine are target and easy prey use of electronic messaging systems to send an unsolicited message (spam) to make advertising on same web site . however web search engine in similar blogs social spam ,discussion groups junk fax spam mobile applications, news groups of spam . that spam is illegal but in some country they are working to legalize it somehow. The singleton is a new suggestion with hybrid classification can work forward to detect spam reviews and sentiment; E-commerce can reduce the threat of spamming on product and advertise in right way use legal channels [2]. In fact Spam had many types, so that could operate in different way.
ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA (ELF): CROATIAN L1 STUDENTS ’ PERSPECTIVES

The current paper presents the results of a research which aimed at establishing the attitude of Croatian L1 students towards the role of English as a global international language. In particular, the focus is to examine whether their perspectives reflect the notion of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) by means of a three-part questionnaire designed to investigate: (a) students ’ attitudes towards the role of ELF as a contact language among non-native speakers; (b) their attitudes to English pronunciation; and (c) students ’ perspectives on the lexico-grammatical features of ELF. The research was conducted on a sample of 320 undergraduate university students from the Faculty of Economics and Tourism «Dr Mijo Mirković» of the Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, including full-time first- and second-year students (median age 20). The participants largely recognize English as a global language that has far surpassed the needs of a single cultural and linguistic circle, and acknowledge the role of ELF as a useful tool in establishing efficient intercultural communication with other non-native speakers of English. Overall, students are quite pragmatically oriented and liberal towards non-native English accents, while gender and self-assessed English proficiency play a significant role in determining what exactly constitutes the ability to efficiently communicate in ELF contexts. The third part of the survey revealed interesting insights into the participants ’ view on ELF lexico-grammar, where a rather weak correlation between students ’ evaluation of accuracy (i.e. objective knowledge) and intelligibility (i.e. subjective comprehension) of the eight distinct features of ELF indicates a quite articulate perspective that deviations from the Standard English norm do not necessarily represent a serious impediment to establishing successful ELF communication. The current findings support the idea that domestic students already see themselves as users of ELF, with important practical implications for ESL (English as a Second Language) and EFL (English as a Foreign Language) teaching. Such results can help us better understand the various student profiles and their needs in foreign language acquisition, as well as to deepen our understanding of the relationship between students ’ proficiency in English and their views on what is “ required ” , “ proper ” or generally defined as desirable in language production. The author discusses potentials of implementing strategies to reflect such insights into English language teaching.