Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrical Characterization and Applications of Supercapacitors

Lanka, Avinash. M.S.E.E, Department of Electrical Engineering, Wright State University, 2016. Electrical Characterization and Applications of Supercapacitors. Supercapacitors have become reliable energy sources in a wide variety of applications such as automobiles, portable electronics, recreational sports equipment, medical equipment, aerospace power supplies, etc. Typically, these are electrochemical capacitors with high values of capacitance (tens or hundreds of farads) and possess the characteristics of both traditional electrolytic capacitors and batteries. They are also known as Ultra-capacitors or Electrical Double Layer Capacitors. They work on the principle of electrical double layer for charge storage. Supercapacitor have a much higher energy and power stored per unit volume over conventional capacitors. They also exhibit longer shelf life and cycle life over lithium ion batteries. Supercapacitors are widely used in applications, which require rapid charge and discharge cycles. In the recent trends in the automotive industry, it has become an imperative tool in boosting the battery performance in electric vehicles. In view of the demand for alternative and greener energy resources, this thesis aims to achieve the following objectives: • To perform a rigorous literature survey on the current state-of-the-art technologies relevant to the supercapacitors and their applications. • To study the classification, construction, device operation, and features of the supercapacitors. • To investigate the RC model of supercapacitors. • To perform transient and frequency-domain analyzes for a 470 F and 1500 F supercapacitors.
Application of zebrafish in the study of craniomaxillofacial developmental anomalies

Craniomaxillofacial developmental anomalies are one of the most prevalent congenital defects worldwide and could result from any disruption of normal development processes, which is generally influenced by interactions between genes and the environment. Currently, with the advances in genetic screening strategies, an increasing number of novel variants and their roles in orofacial diseases have been explored. Zebrafish is recognized as a powerful animal model, and its homologous genes and similar oral structure and development process provide an ideal platform for studying the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to human craniofacial malformations. Here, we reviewed zebrafish models for the study of craniomaxillofacial developmental anomalies, such as human nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without an affected palate and jaw and tooth developmental anomalies. Due to its potential for gene expression and regulation research, zebrafish may provide new perspectives for understanding craniomaxillofacial diseaseand its treatment.
Rapalog‐induced cell adhesion molecule inhibits mesoderm migration in Xenopus embryos by increasing frequency of adhesion to the ectoderm

During the gastrula stage of Xenopus laevis, mesodermal cells migrate on the blastocoel roof (BCR) toward the animal pole. In this process, mesodermal cells directly adhere to the BCR via adhesion molecules, such as cadherins, which in turn trigger a repulsive reaction through factors such as Eph/ephrin. Therefore, the mesoderm and BCR repeatedly adhere to and detach from each other, and the frequency of this adhesion is thought to control mesoderm migration. Although knockdown of cadherin or Eph/ephrin causes severe gastrulation defects, these molecules have been reported to contribute not only to boundary formation but also to the internal function of each tissue. Therefore, it is possible that the defect caused by knockdown occurs due to tissue function abnormalities. To address this problem, we developed a method to specifically induce adhesion between different tissues using rapalog (an analog of rapamycin). When adhesion between the BCR and mesoderm was specifically enhanced by rapalog, mesoderm migration was strongly suppressed. Furthermore, we confirmed that rapalog significantly increased the frequency of adhesion between the two tissues. These results support the idea that the adhesion frequency controls mesoderm migration, and demonstrate that our method effectively enhances adhesion between specific tissues in vivo.
Outcomes of Aortic Valve Replacement Via Right Anterior Minithoracotomy and Central Cannulation Versus Conventional Aortic Valve Replacement in Obese Patients

Introduction The minimally invasive implantation of aortic valve prosthesis via thoracotomy has numerous advantages and is comfortable, especially during the early postoperative period. Disadvantages of this method include peripheral vessel complications and groin infections. Central cannulation (direct aortic cannulation with superior vena cava cannulation) eliminates these drawbacks. In this report, we evaluated this method of treatment in patients with obesity. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 21 obese patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent minimally invasive aortic valve implantation via thoracotomy and central cannulation with a bovine pericardial aortic prosthesis between 2017 and 2021. We compared these records with the medical records of 27 obese patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent conventional aortic valve surgery. Results Mean cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times were similar in both groups. Operating time was significantly longer in the minimally invasive group (P <0.05). In the minimally invasive group, acute renal failure occurred in 2 patients. In terms of postoperative complications, deep sternal wound infection/sternal instability was much higher in the conventional group. This was not statistically significant (P=0.090). Minimally invasive operated patients had a comfortable early postoperative period, with a mean visual analog scale for pain of 1.10±0.83 (no pain-mild pain). When we assessed patient satisfaction with the postoperative period, 13 patients were extremely satisfied, 7 patients were satisfied, and 1 patient was quite satisfied. Conclusion Minimally invasive aortic valve implantation via thoracotomy and central cannulation is a safe and effective treatment for obese patients.
SPECTRa: An Online Tool for Simulating Prehospital Patient Care

Objectives: To (1) develop a simulation software environment to conduct prehospital research during the COVID-19 pandemic on paramedics’ teamwork and use of mobile computing devices, and (2) establish its feasibility for use as a research and training tool. Background: Simulation-based research and training for prehospital environments has typically used live simulation, with highly realistic equipment and technology-enhanced manikins. However, such simulations are expensive, difficult to replicate, and require facilitators and participants to be at the same location. Although virtual simulation tools exist for prehospital care, it is unclear how best to use them for research and training. Methods: We present SPECTRa—Simulated Prehospital Emergency Care for Team Research—an online simulated prehospital environment that lets participants care concurrently for single or multiple patients remotely. Patient scenarios are designed using Laerdal’s SimDesigner. SPECTRa records data about scenario states and participants’ virtual interaction with the simulated patients. SPECTRa’s supporting environment records participants’ verbal communication and their visual and physical interactions with their interface and devices using Zoom conferencing and audiovisual recording. We discuss a pilot research implementation to assess SPECTRa’s feasibility. Results: SPECTRa allows researchers to systematically test small-team interaction in single- or multipatient care scenarios and assess the impact of mobile devices on participants’ assessment and care of patients. SPECTRa also supports pedagogical features that could allow prehospital educators to provide individual trainees or teams with online simulation training and evaluation. Conclusions: SPECTRa, an online tool for simulating prehospital patient care, shows potential for remote healthcare research and training.
Quantitative User Data From a Chatbot Developed for Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Observational Study

Background The rising prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) calls for the use of innovative methods to inform and empower these pregnant women. An information chatbot, Dina, was developed for women with GDM and is Norway’s first health chatbot, integrated into the national digital health platform. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate what kind of information users seek in a health chatbot providing support on GDM. Furthermore, we sought to explore when and how the chatbot is used by time of day and the number of questions in each dialogue and to categorize the questions the chatbot was unable to answer (fallback). The overall goal is to explore quantitative user data in the chatbot’s log, thereby contributing to further development of the chatbot. Methods An observational study was designed. We used quantitative anonymous data (dialogues) from the chatbot’s log and platform during an 8-week period in 2018 and a 12-week period in 2019 and 2020. Dialogues between the user and the chatbot were the unit of analysis. Questions from the users were categorized by theme. The time of day the dialogue occurred and the number of questions in each dialogue were registered, and questions resulting in a fallback message were identified. Results are presented using descriptive statistics. Results We identified 610 dialogues with a total of 2838 questions during the 20 weeks of data collection. Questions regarding blood glucose, GDM, diet, and physical activity represented 58.81% (1669/2838) of all questions. In total, 58.0% (354/610) of dialogues occurred during daytime (8 AM to 3:59 PM), Monday through Friday. Most dialogues were short, containing 1-3 questions (340/610, 55.7%), and there was a decrease in dialogues containing 4-6 questions in the second period (P=.013). The chatbot was able to answer 88.51% (2512/2838) of all posed questions. The mean number of dialogues per week was 36 in the first period and 26.83 in the second period. Conclusions Frequently asked questions seem to mirror the cornerstones of GDM treatment and may indicate that the chatbot is used to quickly access information already provided for them by the health care service but providing a low-threshold way to access that information. Our results underline the need to actively promote and integrate the chatbot into antenatal care as well as the importance of continuous content improvement in order to provide relevant information.
Comparable Effectiveness of Cefuroxime and Piperacillin-Tazobactam as Empirical Therapy for Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

This multicenter retrospective matched cohort study evaluated the effect of empirical antimicrobial therapy on the clinical outcome of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (MS-SAB) in >1100 adult patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest study to date evaluating the effect of empirical treatment on the MS-SAB outcome. ABSTRACT Our objective was to examine whether empirical antimicrobial therapy (EAT) against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (MS-SAB) with piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP), cefuroxime or combination therapy with one of these was differentially associated with 7-, 30-, and 90- day all-cause mortality or MS-SAB relapse. A multicenter retrospective cohort study of adults with MS-SAB from 2009 through 2018 was used, and 7-, 30-, 90-day mortality and relapse within 90 days were assessed and expressed as hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Matching of the two monotherapy groups was performed using propensity score matching. In total, 1158 MS-SAB cases were included and received one of three EAT regimens: TZP (n = 429), cefuroxime (n = 337), or TZP or cefuroxime with one or more additional effective antimicrobial (n = 392). The overall 30-day mortality was 28.0% (25.5 to 30.3%). After adjustment and matching, there was no significant difference in 7-, 30-, or 90-day mortality between the therapy groups. The matched HR of death was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.38 to 1.76) at 7 days, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.47 to 1.46) at 30 days, and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.50 to 1.32) at 90 days for TZP compared with cefuroxime. Adjusted HR of 90-day relapse was insignificant between the three therapy groups: TZP: 1.55 (95% CI, 0.54 to 4.43); combination therapy: 1.73 (95% CI, 0.62 to 4.80) compared to cefuroxime. There was no significant difference in 7-, 30-, or 90-day mortality or relapse between MS-SAB patients treated with empirical TZP or cefuroxime after adjustment and matching of covariables. IMPORTANCE This multicenter retrospective matched cohort study evaluated the effect of empirical antimicrobial therapy on the clinical outcome of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (MS-SAB) in >1100 adult patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest study to date evaluating the effect of empirical treatment on the MS-SAB outcome. Importantly, the study found no significant difference in either short- or long-term mortality nor relapse between patients with MS-SAB receiving empirical treatment with cefuroxime or piperacillin-tazobactam. As such, this study provides crucial contemporary data supporting the widespread clinical practice of initiating empirical antimicrobial therapy of sepsis with β-lactam-β-lactamase-inhibitor.
Biochemical Efficacy of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors by Cardiovascular Risk Profile and Volume Status in a Real-World Diabetic Population

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Abstract: Despite large-scale randomized clinical trials (RCTs) highlighting a consistent prognostic benefit of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) both in diabetic patients at high cardiovascular risk and in those with heart failure, there is relative paucity of data on their biochemical effects in a real-world setting. We performed a retrospective analysis on consecutive diabetic patients who were prescribed a SGLT2i in a tertiary referral center and completed at least 1 year of treatment. Changes in glycated hemoglobin, weight, and hematocrit were compared across 2 cardiovascular risk categories, defined through the inclusion criteria of 3 large RCTs. Of the 459 patients screened, 312 completed 1 year of treatment (68.0%), 92 interrupted the treatment prematurely (20.0%), and 55 were lost to follow-up (12.0%). The most common cause of drug discontinuation was genital or urinary tract infections (9.4%). At 1 year, reduction in glycated hemoglobin concentration (−0.7 ± 1.5%, P < 0.001) and body weight (2.4 ± 4.6 kg, P < 0.001) was comparable between patients at high versus low cardiovascular risk, while hematocrit increase (2.3 ± 3.3%, P < 0.001) was more marked in patients with high cardiovascular risk and low baseline hematocrit. In a real-world population of diabetic patients, SGLT2is were well-tolerated at 1 year and led to improved glycemic control and weight loss. Hematocrit increase was more consistent in patients with high cardiovascular risk and signs of fluid overload, indicating euvolemic restoration as a potential cardioprotective mechanism mediated by these compounds.
Learning Storm

Create real-time stream processing applications with Apache Storm About This BookIntegrate Storm with other Big Data technologies like Hadoop, HBase, and Apache KafkaExplore log processing and machine learning using StormStep-by-step and easy-to-understand guide to effortlessly create applications with StormWho This Book Is ForIf you are a Java developer who wants to enter into the world of real-time stream processing applications using Apache Storm, then this book is for you. No previous experience in Storm is required as this book starts from the basics. After finishing this book, you will be able to develop not-so-complex Storm applications. In Detail Starting with the very basics of Storm, you will learn how to set up Storm on a single machine and move on to deploying Storm on your cluster. You will understand how Kafka can be integrated with Storm using the Kafka spout.You will then proceed to explore the Trident abstraction tool with Storm to perform stateful stream processing, guaranteeing single message processing in every topology. You will move ahead to learn how to integrate Hadoop with Storm. Next, you will learn how to integrate Storm with other well-known Big Data technologies such as HBase, Redis, and Kafka to realize the full potential of Storm.Finally, you will perform in-depth case studies on Apache log processing and machine learning with a focus on Storm, and through these case studies, you will discover Storm's realm of possibilities.
Fibroblastic SMOC2 Suppresses Mechanical Nociception by Inhibiting Coupled Activation of Primary Sensory Neurons

Nociceptive information is detected and transmitted by neurons in the DRG. Recently, single-cell RNA sequencing has revealed the molecular profile of various cell types, including fibroblasts in the DRG. However, the role of molecules in fibroblasts needs to be elucidated in nociceptive regulation. Here, we found that secreted modular calcium-binding protein 2 (SMOC2) was secreted by fibroblasts to become a component of basement membrane and envelop the unit consisting of DRG neurons and attached satellite glial cells. KO of Smoc2 in both sexes of mice led to increased neuronal clusters and decreased mechanical threshold, but unchanged noxious thermal response. Knockdown of Smoc2 in the DRG phenocopied the behavioral performance by Smoc2 KO in both sexes of mice. In vivo calcium imaging showed that Smoc2 KO increased coupled activation of adjacent DRG neurons induced by nociceptive mechanical stimuli, which was reversed by DRG injection of SMOC2. Importantly, SMOC2 interacted with P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and suppressed ATP-induced activation in HEK293 cells expressing this receptor. Injection of A740003, an antagonist of P2X7R, to the DRG reduced coupled activation of adjacent DRG neurons induced by nociceptive mechanical stimuli but did not further enhance the SMOC2-inhibited effect. Furthermore, peripheral inflammation resulted in a decreased SMOC2 and increased neuronal clusters. DRG injection of SMOC2 inhibited the neuronal coupling resulted from peripheral inflammation. This study reveals a specific role of fibroblastic SMOC2 in suppressing mechanical nociception through inhibiting the communication of adjacent DRG neurons, which provides an important mechanism of fibroblasts in nociceptive regulation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The function of fibroblastic molecules is rarely noticed in the regulation of nociceptive sensation. Here, we reveal that fibroblastic SMOC2 is secreted to be a component of basement membrane and surrounded the unit consisting of DRG neuron and attached satellite glial cells. SMOC2 is required for maintaining the basal mechanical nociceptive threshold in the DRG. Loss of SMOC2 leads to the increased coupled activation of adjacent DRG neurons induced by noxious mechanical stimuli. Peripheral inflammation causes decreased fibroblast cells and SMOC2, which may result in the increase of coupled activation of adjacent DRG neurons. Mechanistically, SMOC2 interacts with and suppresses satellite glial P2X7 receptor to inhibit the coupled activation of adjacent DRG neurons.
Real-world clinical and cost-effectiveness of community clozapine initiation: mirror cohort study

Background Clozapine is the only drug licensed for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) but the real-world clinical and cost-effectiveness of community initiation of clozapine is unclear. Aims The aim was to assess the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of community initiation of clozapine. Method This was a naturalistic study of community patients recommended for clozapine treatment. Results Of 158 patients recommended for clozapine treatment, 88 (56%) patients agreed to clozapine initiation and, of these, 58 (66%) were successfully established on clozapine. The success rate for community initiation was 65.4%; which was not significantly different from that for in-patient initiation (58.82%, χ2(1,88) = 0.47, P = 0.49). Following clozapine initiation, there was a significant reduction in median out-patient visits over 1 year (from 24.00 (interquartile range (IQR) = 14.00–41.00) to 13.00 visits (IQR = 5.00–24.00), P < 0.001), and 2 years (from 47.50 visits (IQR = 24.75–71.00) to 22.00 (IQR = 11.00–42.00), P < 0.001), and a 74.71% decrease in psychiatric hospital bed days (z = −2.50, P = 0.01). Service-use costs decreased (1 year: –£963/patient (P < 0.001); 2 years: –£1598.10/patient (P < 0.001). Subanalyses for community-only initiation also showed significant cost reductions (1 year: –£827.40/patient (P < 0.001); 2 year: –£1668.50/patient (P < 0.001) relative to costs prior to starting clozapine. Relative to before initiation, symptom severity was improved in patients taking clozapine at discharge (median Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score: initial visit: 80 (IQR = 71.00–104.00); discharge visit 50.5 (IQR = 44.75–75.00), P < 0.001) and at 2 year follow-up (Health of Nation Outcome Scales total score median initial visit: 13.00 (IQR = 9.00–15.00); 2 year follow-up: 8.00 (IQR = 3.00–13.00), P = 0.023). Conclusions These findings indicate that community initiation of clozapine is feasible and is associated with significant reductions in costs, service use and symptom severity.
MCDataset: a public reference dataset of Monte Carlo simulated quantities for multilayered and voxelated tissues computed by massively parallel PyXOpto Python package

Abstract. Significance: Current open-source Monte Carlo (MC) method implementations for light propagation modeling are many times tedious to build and require third-party licensed software that can often discourage prospective researchers in the biomedical optics community from fully utilizing the light propagation tools. Furthermore, the same drawback also limits rigorous cross-validation of physical quantities estimated by various MC codes. Aim: Proposal of an open-source tool for light propagation modeling and an easily accessible dataset to encourage fruitful communications amongst researchers and pave the way to a more consistent comparison between the available implementations of the MC method. Approach: The PyXOpto implementation of the MC method for multilayered and voxelated tissues based on the Python programming language and PyOpenCL extension enables massively parallel computation on numerous OpenCL-enabled devices. The proposed implementation is used to compute a large dataset of reflectance, transmittance, energy deposition, and sampling volume for various source, detector, and tissue configurations. Results: The proposed PyXOpto agrees well with the original MC implementation. However, further validation reveals a noticeable bias introduced by the random number generator used in the original MC implementation. Conclusions: Establishing a common dataset is highly important for the validation of existing and development of MC codes for light propagation in turbid media.
Verbascoside administered intrathecally attenuates hyperalgesia via activating mu‐opioid receptors in a rat chronic constriction injury model

Verbascoside, a representative phenylethanoid glycoside, is widely distributed in plants and has various activities beneficial for human health. Although systemically administered verbascoside has an antinociceptive effect, little is known about the site and mechanism of its activity. The aim of the present study was to determine whether verbascoside attenuates neuropathic pain in the spinal cord and which pain regulatory systems are involved.