Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fault zone weakening and character of slip along low-angle normal faults: insights from the Zuccale fault, Elba, Italy

A seismically active low-angle normal fault is recognized at depth in the Northern Apennines, Italy, where recent exhumation has also exposed ancient examples at the surface, notably the Zuccale fault on Elba. Field-based and microstructural studies of the Zuccale fault reveal that an initial phase of pervasive cataclasis increased fault zone permeability, promoting influx of CO2-rich hydrous fluids. This triggered low-grade alteration and the onset of stress-induced dissolution–precipitation processes (e.g. pressure solution) as the dominant grain-scale deformation process in the pre-existing cataclasites leading to shear localization and the formation of a narrow foliated fault core dominated by fine-grained hydrous mineral phases. These rocks exhibit ductile deformation textures very similar to those formed during pressure-solution-accommodated ‘frictional–viscous’ creep in experimental fault rock analogues. The presence of multiple hydrofracture sets also points to the local attainment of fluid overpressures following development of the foliated fault core, which significantly enhanced the sealing capacity of the fault zone. A slip model for low-angle normal faults in the Apennines is proposed in which aseismic frictional–viscous creep occurs on a weak, slow-moving (slip rate <1 mm a−1) fault, interspersed with small seismic ruptures caused by cyclic hydrofracturing events. Our findings are potentially applicable to other examples of low-angle normal faults in many tectonic settings.
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine

Personalized support and assistance are essential for cancer survivors, given the physical and psychological consequences they have to suffer after all the treatments and conditions associated with this illness. Digital assistive technologies have proved to be effective in enhancing the quality of life of cancer survivors, for instance, through physical exercise monitoring and recommendation or emotional support and prediction. To maximize the eﬃcacy of these techniques, it is challenging to develop accurate models of patient trajectories, which are typically fed with information acquired from retrospective datasets. This paper presents a Machine Learning-based survival model embedded in a clinical decision system architecture for predicting cancer survivors’ trajectories. The proposed architecture of the system, named PER-SIST, integrates the enrichment and pre-processing of clinical datasets coming from different sources and the development of clinical decision support modules. Moreover, the model includes detecting high-risk markers, which have been evaluated in terms of performance using both a third-party dataset of breast cancer patients and a retrospective dataset collected in the context of the PERSIST clinical study. ©
High-Resolution Stratigraphic Characterization of Unconsolidated Deposits Using Direct-Push Electrical Conductivity Logging: A Floodplain-Margin Example

A BSTRACT : Electrical logs of various types have been used for decades in a wide variety of geoscience applications. Except for studies within a few meters of the land surface, these logs have been obtained using existing wells or boreholes. Recently, electrical conductivity (EC) sensors have been incorporated into direct-push equipment to obtain sedimentologic information in unconsolidated deposits without the need for existing wells and at a resolution (0.02 m) that has not been possible using conventional logging tools. The high resolution of this information, coupled with the speed at which it can be obtained, makes direct-push EC logging a valuable new tool for a wide variety of hydrostratigraphic studies. We document the utility of this approach in a detailed stratigraphic evaluation of a floodplain margin in a major river valley in the United States. Throughout the central United States, unconsolidated sequences underlying floodplains are typically composed of fining-upward glaciofluvial or Holocene sediments in which silt and clay overbank deposits cap coarser materials that serve as regionally significant aquifers. EC transects at a field site on the Kansas River floodplain show that this fine-grained cap may be truncated by, or interfingered with, coarser sediments at the floodplain margin. This increased stratigraphic complexity suggests that the depositional settings assumed for the more central portions of the floodplain may not be appropriate in the margin areas. The replacement of fine-grained sediments with coarser-grained materials at the margin of the floodplain has significant implications for groundwater recharge and solute movement. Interpretations made using the EC transects are consistent with results from an electromagnetic survey, as well as head and chemistry data. This work shows that direct-push EC logging can provide information about site stratigraphy at a level of detail that would be difficult to obtain with conventional approaches. This unprecedented level of detail enables important insights to be obtained regarding stratigraphic controls on groundwater flow and solute transport.
Data in Brief

The present study presents an extensive dataset meticulously curated from solar images sourced from the Solar and Helio-spheric Observatory (SOHO), encompassing a range of spectral bands. This collaborative effort spans multiple disciplines and culminates in a robust and automated methodology that traverses the entire spectrum from solar imaging to the computation of spectral parameters and relevant characteristics. The signiﬁcance of this undertaking lies in the profound insights yielded by the dataset. Encompassing diverse spectral bands and employing topological features, the dataset captures the multifaceted dynamics of solar activity, fostering interdisciplinary correlations and analyses with other solar phenomena. Consequently, the data’s intrinsic value is greatly enhanced, affording researchers in solar physics, space clima-tology, and related ﬁelds the means to unravel intricate processes. To achieve this, an open-source Python library script has been developed, consolidating three pivotal stages: image acquisition, image processing, and parameter calculation. Originally conceived as discrete modules, these steps have been uniﬁed into a single script, streamlining the entire process. Applying this script to
The European Project on Digital Video Broadcasting - achievements and current status

In Europe, the development of standards for digital video broadcasting (DVB) as well as the preparation of the introduction of services is coordinated by the European Project on Digital Video Broadcasting (“DVB Project”). Thepaper describes the project as well as some of the achievements reached so far. Techniques for the transmission of DVB signals via satellite have been devised as well as a specification for retransmission of DVB signals via cable and (S)MATV networks. A standard describing service information, a common scrambling system and several other tasks have been finalized. Currently the specification for the terrestrial transmission of DVB signals is being drafted.
Quality Of Geographic Information Patchworks

Information asymmetry between Geographic Information (GI) providers and searching users is still the main hindrance for the integration of web-based GI. Two typical scenarios show that spatial variability of quality aspects is often neglected. In a first scenario (Volunteered Geographic Information, VGI), feature completeness is identified as a challenging quality aspect. Completeness of feature attributes poses challenges in the second scenario (merging national data to an international data set). For modelling and representing spatial variable quality aspects, we rely on well-known and mature methods. As one of the solutions, the region quad-tree is proposed for modelling the completeness of spatial data sets. Open research issues, especially for the field of VGI, emerge.
Deveroite-(Ce): a new REE-oxalate from Mount Cervandone, Devero Valley, Western-Central Alps, Italy

Abstract Deveroite-(Ce), ideally Ce2(C2O4)3·10H2O, is a new mineral (IMA 2013-003) found in the alpine fissures of Mount Cervandone, overlooking the Devero Valley, Piedmont, Italy. It occurs as sprays of colourless elongated tabular, acicular prisms only on cervandonite-(Ce). It has a white streak, a vitreous lustre, is not fluorescent and has a hardness of 2-2.5 (Mohs’ scale). The tenacity is brittle and the crystals have a perfect cleavage along {010}. The calculated density is 2.352 g/cm3. Deveroite-(Ce) is biaxial (-) with 2V of ~77º, is not pleochroic and the extinction angle (β ^ c) is ~27º. No twinning was observed. Electron microprobe analyses gave the following chemical formula: (Ce1.01Nd0.33La0.32Pr0.11Y0.11Sm0.01Pb0.04U0.03Th0.01Ca0.04)2.01(C2O4)2.99·9.99H2O. Although synchrotron radiation was not used to solve the structure of deveroite-(Ce) the extremely small size of the sample (13 μm × 3 μm× 1 μm) did not allow us to obtain reliable structural data. However, it was possible to determine the space group (monoclinic, P21/c) and the unit-cell parameters, which are: a = 11.240(8) Å, b = 9.635(11) Å, c = 10.339(12) Å, β = 114.41(10)º, V = 1019.6 Å3. The strongest lines in the powder diffraction pattern [d in Å (I)(hkl)] are: 10.266(100)(100); 4.816(35.26)(211̄); 3.415(27.83)(300); 5.125(24.70)(200); and 4.988(22.98)(111). Deveroite-(Ce) is named in recognition of Devero valley and Devero Natural Park.
POD reduced-order unstructured mesh modelling applied to 2 D and 3 D fluid flow

A new scheme for implementing a reduced order model for complex meshbased numerical models (e.g. finite element unstructured mesh models), is presented. The matrix and source term vector of the full model are projected onto the reduced bases. The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is used to form the reduced bases. The reduced order modelling code is simple to implement even with complex governing equations, discretization methods and non-linear parameterizations. Importantly, the model order reduction code is independent of the implementation details of the full model code. For nonlinear problems, a perturbation approach is used to help accelerate the matrix equation assembly process based on the assumption that the discretized system of equations has a polynomial representation and can thus be created by a summation of pre-formed matrices. In this paper, by applying the new approach, the POD reduced order model is implemented on an unstructured mesh finite element fluid flow model, and is applied to 3D flows. The error between the full order finite element solution and the reduced order model POD solution is estimated. The feasibility and accuracy of the reduced order model applied to 3D fluid flows are demonstrated.
The Green Machine: Ecology and the Balance of Nature

Wonder versus anxiety the awful complexity of the ecosphere an ecological agenda a simple holistic view towards reductionism - the case of the carnivorous cow methods for mission impossible why is extinction so rare doing battle over a limited food supply to eat and to be eaten reconstructing the whole from rock to rainforest the evolving theatre obeying the red queen nature's most impressive pattern ecological engineering selective greenery universal ecology.
Flow of Complex Fluids Past Confined Cylinders: from Macro to Micro Scale

An experimental and numerical study on the Newtonian fluid flow around a confined cylinder placed in a rectangular duct was undertaken in order to assess three-dimensional effects on the flow patterns. The cylinder was placed at the mid-plane to define a symmetric geometry with a 50% blockage ratio (BR, ratio between the cylinder diameter and the thickness of rectangular section). The flow visualizations by streak photography and the velocity measurements by particle image velocimetry were carried out for three different aspect ratios (AR, ratio between the depth and diameter of the cylinder) of 16, 8 and 2 and the Reynolds number varied between creeping flow conditions (Re → 0) up to the onset of timedependent flow. The numerical calculations were performed in 3D meshes using an in-house finite volume code. They showed good agreement with experimental measurements and were also used to investigate the flow at very small and very large AR. For large values of AR, the results show unexpected velocity peaks near the cylinder end walls downstream of the cylinder for both inertia and diffusion controlled flow conditions. Increasing the aspect ratio of the cylinder does not reduce this local three-dimensional flow effect, which is found to occur near the ends of the cylinder at about one cylinder radius distance from the duct end walls. In contrast, reducing AR eliminated flow separation as expected for the Hele-Shaw type flows. 1 The content of this chapter is adapted from: Ribeiro, V.M. , Coelho, P.M. , Pinho, F.T. , Alves, M.A., 2012. Chemical Engineering Science 84, 155-169.
Kids, skidoos and carribou: the junior Canadian ranger program as a model for re-engaging Indigenous Australian youth in remote areas

The social and educational disengagement of Indigenous youth, who see education and training as irrelevant to their lives and experiences, is a looming crisis for many Indigenous communities in remote Australia. This paper is an exploration of a youth program in Canada, the Junior Canadian Rangers (JCRs), that addresses a similar crisis in that country. The Canadian program is of national importance to Canada in the context of not only community stability and capacity development but also border security, marine management in coastal areas and in search and rescue services. While Australia has an Defence Force Cadet program that operates in a limited number of Indigenous communities, it is a more traditional and much smaller cadet program. This paper suggests there is value in adapting some of the components of the Canadian program in Australia. The paper begins with an analysis of the educational disengagement of young Indigenous people in remote Australia. Then, as background for a description of the JCR program, the paper provides a brief comparison of Australia and Canada, outlining a few of the cultural, historical and geographic similarities. The paper goes on to provide a detailed overview of the JCR program, its aims, history, structure and pedagogical underpinnings. The paper closes with some discussion of the value of the program for Canada, the potential value of some version of the program or its elements for Australia and some insights for Australia from the Canadian experience.
Circular Economy: Drivers and Barriers to Development – Experience from Other Countries to Vietnam

As resource use is increasing globally, natural resources are nowadays more constraint and expensive, the extraction and usage of resources have a remarkable impact on the environment. The efﬁcient use of resources is at the heart of current policies across countries. All policies recognize the need to improve and enhancehumanwelfare,alongwiththeresourceefﬁciencyandenvironmentalpro-tection.Manycountrieshaveapproachedandappliedthecirculareconomymodel topromoteresourceefﬁciencyandsustainabledevelopment. Vietnamiscurrently workingonestablishingalegalframeworkfortheapplicationofcirculareconomy modelstoproduction,businessactivitiesanddailylife.Circulareconomyisbeing studiedandintegratedintoeconomicdevelopmentpoliciesandstrategiesatalllev-els.Bythedeskresearch,thispaperisaimedtosynthesizethedrivesandbarriers ofcirculareconomydevelopment. Themainﬁndingsindicatethat(i)thebarriers aremorethandrivers;(ii)governmentpolicies,macroeconomics,informationand consumersaremainimportantdriverstopromotecircularproductioninbusiness; (iv)somesuccessfulcircularmodelsinVietnamrelatetoagriculturalﬁeldsand (iv)theexperienceofothercountriesismeaningfulforVietnamindeveloping circulareconomymodelsandsustainabledevelopment.
Learning Disentangled Representations and Group Structure of Dynamical Environments - Supplementary Material

1: Inputs: 2: Dataset of observed trajectories: {(s0, a0, s1), . } 3: Learnable functions state_encoder, state_decoder, and action_representation 4: Hyperparameter λ for the regularisation term 5: Number of consecutive interactions m to consider during training 6: for batch of length-m sequences in Dataset do 7: Lrec = 0 8: for sequence in batch do 9: zi = state_encoder(si) 10: for k from i to i+m− 1 do 11: gk = action_representation(ak) 12: zk+1 = gk.zk 13: ok+1 = state_decoder(zk+1) 14: Lrec += BinaryCrossEntropy(ok+1, sk+1) 15: end for 16: end for 17: Lent = ∑ k Lent(gk), where Lent(gk) is calculated using equation 4 in the main text 18: Ltotal = Lrec + λLent 19: state_encoder, state_decoder, action_representation← Backpropagation(Ltotal) 20: end for
LIZARDS OF THE MUSSENTUCHIT LOCAL FAUNA (ALBIAN–CENOMANIAN BOUNDARY) AND COMMENTS ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE CRETACEOUS LIZARD FAUNA OF NORTH AMERICA

Abstract A diverse fauna of lizards has been recovered from the Cedar Mountain Formation (Albian–Cenomanian boundary) of central Utah. These lizards are a component of the now recognized Mussentuchit local fauna and, like many of the other vertebrate groups within this fauna, show striking similarities to their North American Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian) counterparts. Unlike the Late Cretaceous lizard faunas, the lizards from the Mussentuchit local fauna also include at least one “paramacellodid,” a group common to Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous lizard faunas of North America. Comparison with other Cretaceous lizard faunas from both North America and Asia indicates that the changes in the North American lizard fauna represented by the lizards of the Mussentuchit local fauna are likely the result of the introduction of taxa from Asia during the Early Cretaceous. Supposedly herbivorous taxa are found among the Polyglyphanodontine lizards from the Late Cretaceous of North American and Asia, but the general changes in the Cretaceous lizard fauna of North America cannot be convincingly shown to be linked to the concurrent angiosperm radiation. Later influxes of Asian lizard taxa prior to the Campanian may explain the relatively sudden appearance of additional groups of lizards in the early Campanian of North America. Whereas there is good evidence to support the hypothesis of an Asian influence on the Cretaceous lizard fauna of North America, there is insufficient evidence to determine what, if any, influence may have come from Europe or South America.
Using self- and peer-assessment to enhance students’ future-learning in higher education.

In higher education settings, assessment tasks get the attention of students, but once students submit their work they typically become disengaged with the assessment process. Hence, opportunities for learning are lost as they become passive recipients of assessment outcomes. Future-learning oriented assessment engages students in the assessment process to improve both short- and long-term outcomes by requiring students to make sophisticated judgments about their own learning, and that of their peers. In this paper, we describe and critique three initiatives that experimented with future-learning oriented assessment within a faculty of education. These initiatives involved self- and peer-assessment in a mathematics education subject for first year pre-service teachers; peer assessment of individual contributions in a group project using a Wiki; and self- and peer-assessment to help students learn about leadership. Based on our experiences, we conclude with suggestions of how others might also use selfand peer-assessment to work towards better short- and long-term learning outcomes in higher education.
The Aquila Digital Community The Aquila Digital Community

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are characterized by their two special properties: pluripotency and self-renewal. Pluripotency is the ability of ESCs to differentiate into any cell type upon expression of specific proteins called transcription factors. In order to induce differentiation, transcription factors specific for the particular cell type have to be introduced and expressed in the ESCs. The introduction of transcription factors can be achieved by using either DNA, RNA, or protein. According to the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology, DNA is first transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), which is then translated to make a functional protein molecule. Among the available methods, direct introduction of mRNA is the safest and most efficient approach for achieving the expression of transcription factors. However, the methods in mRNA transfection has to be tested first. First, the MyoD gene was inserted downstream from the T7 promoter in a plasmid. The plasmid was then cloned in E. coli . We then extracted the plasmid DNA and amplified the MyoD gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified MyoD DNA was concentrated and purified by ethanol precipitation. MyoD mRNA was prepared by in vitro transcription catalyzed by T7 RNA polymerase using the recovered MyoD DNA as the template. Finally, the resulting RNA was purified by using 100 kDa molecular weight cutoff spin columns and quantified by UV spectroscopy. This method of RNA transcription had produced 145.16 μg RNA, comparative to the standard 160 μg RNA produced by a longer template. Using this method, modified mRNA can be produced and used to transfect the embryonic stem cells in order to induce differentiation into myocytes.
What drives interannual variability of hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay: Climate forcing versus nutrient loading?

Oxygen depletion in estuaries is a worldwide problem with detrimental effects on many organisms. Although nutrient loading has been stabilized for a number of these systems, seasonal hypoxia persists and displays large year‐to‐year variations, with larger hypoxic volumes in wetter years and smaller hypoxic volumes in drier years. Data analysis points to climate as a driver of interannual hypoxia variability, but nutrient inputs covary with freshwater flow. Here we report an oxygen budget analysis of Chesapeake Bay to quantify relative contributions of physical and biogeochemical processes. Vertical diffusive flux declines with river discharge, whereas longitudinal advective flux increases with river discharge, such that their total supply of oxygen to bottom water is relatively unchanged. However, water column respiration exhibits large interannual fluctuations and is correlated with primary production and hypoxic volume. Hence, the model results suggest that nutrient loading is the main mechanism driving interannual hypoxia variability in Chesapeake Bay.