Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two problems in arithmetic geometry. Explicit Manin-Mumford, and arithmetic Bernstein-Kusnirenko

In the first part of this thesis we present sharp bounds on the number of maximal torsion cosets in a subvariety of a complex algebraic torus $(\mathbb{C}^{\times})^n$ and of an Abelian variety. In both cases, we give an explicit bound in terms of the degree of the defining polynomials and the ambient variety. Moreover, the dependence on the degree of the polynomials is sharp. In the case of the complex torus, we also give an effective bound in terms of the toric degree of the subvariety. As a consequence of the latter result, we prove the conjectures of Ruppert, and Aliev and Smyth on the number of isolated torsion points of a hypersurface. These conjectures bound this number in terms of the multidegree and the volume of the Newton polytope of a polynomial defining the hypersurface, respectively.In the second part of the thesis, we present an upper bound for the height of isolated zeros, in the torus, of a system of Laurent polynomials over an adelic field satisfying the product formula. This upper bound is expressed in terms of the mixed integrals of the local roof functions associated to the chosen height function and to the system of Laurent polynomials. We also show that this bound is close to optimal in some families of examples. This result is an arithmetic analogue of the classical Bern\v{s}tein-Ku\v{s}nirenko theorem.
Alternative Approaches to Evaluation in Empirical Microeconomics Alternative Approaches to Evaluation in Empirical Microeconomics

Four alternative but related approaches to empirical evaluation of policy interventions are studied: social experiments, natural experiments, matching methods, and instrumental variables. In each case the necessary assumptions and the data requirements are considered for estimation of a number of key parameters of interest. These key parameters include the average treatment effect, the treatment of the treated and the local average treatment effect. Some issues of implementation and interpretation are discussed drawing on the labour market programme evaluation literature. Acknowledgements: This review was prepared for the special 'microecono-metrics' PEJ. Comments from the editors, the referee and participants at the CeMMAP conference at which the papers for this volume were presented are gratefully acknowledged. The research is part of the program of the ESRC Centre for the Microeconomic Analysis of Fiscal Policy at IFS. Financial support from the ESRC is gratefully acknowledged. The second author also acknowledges the financial support from Sub-Programa Ciência e Tecnologia do Segundo Quadro Comunitário de Apoio, grant number PRAXIS XXI/BD/11413/97. The usual disclaimer applies.
Groundwater markets and irrigation development : political economy and practical policy

This volume presents the lessons learned from a wide range of groundwater and irrigation projects throughout the country of India. It offers information on their development, projected scope, and ultimate impact on agricultural productivity and economic activity. This valuable resource will be read with interest by all professionals involved with setting or implementing water policy goals or assessing the likely impact of groundwater projects.
How To Use GOstats Testing Gene Lists for GO Term Association

TheGOstats package has extensive facilities for testing the association of Gene Ontology (GO) The Gene Ontology Consortium (2000) terms to genes in a gene list. You can test for both over and under representation of GO terms using either the standard Hypergeometric test or a conditional Hypergeometric test that uses the relationships among the GO terms for conditioning (similar to that presented in Alexa et al. (2006)). In this vignette we describe the preprocessing required to construct inputs for the main testing function, hyperGTest, the algorithms used, and the structure of the return value. We use a microarray data set (Chiaretti et al., 2004) from a clinical trial in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) to work an example analysis. In the ALL data, we focus on the patients with B-cell derived ALL, and in particular on comparing the group with ALL1/AF4 to those with no observed cytogenetic abnormalities. To get started, load the packages needed for this analysis:
AdaM and GrahaM Play the Stock Market

ADAM: Check out this promising stock. Half of the years that you hold it, its value will increase by 90%. Careful: in the other years, it will decrease by 50%. GRAHAM: Not a great buy. Half the time it less than doubles, and half the time its value is cut in half. Sounds like a losing proposition. ADAM: But think mathematically. The average “wealth factor” (amount your investment will be multiplied by) will be (1.9 + 0.5)/2 = 1.2. A 20% gain! GRAHAM:That’s not the right perspective. I’ll hold this stock formany years, and wealth factors will multiply. We should use the geometric mean, √ 1.9 · 0.5 ≈ 0.975. In the long run, I’ll probably lose 2.5% per year. No good! ADAM: Then don’t put all of your money in the stock. Keep 5/9 of your wealth in the bank each year, and invest the other 4/9. In a good year your wealth factor will be 5/9 + 4/9 · 1.9 = 1.4, and in a bad year your wealth factor will be 5/9 + 4/9 · 0.5 0.78. Now the geometric mean is √ 1.4 · 0.78 ≈ 1.043 per year. Sounds good to me!
Runtime Support for Region-Based Memory Management in Mercury

Applying region-based memory management (RBMM) to logic programming languages poses a special challenge: backtracking can require regions removed during forward execution to be “resurrected”, and any memory allocated during a computation that has been backtracked over must be recovered promptly, without waiting for the regions involved to come to the end of their life. In this paper, we describe how we implemented runtime support for RBMM in the logic programming language Mercury, whose specialized implementation of the language constructs involved in backtracking required equally specialized support. Our benchmark Mercury programs run about 25% faster on average with RBMM than with the usual Boehm garbage collector, and for some programs, RBMM achieves optimal memory consumption.
Measurement of the ratio of branching fractions $\mathcal{B}(\overline{B}^0 \to D^{*+}\tau^{-}\overline{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(\overline{B}^0 \to D^{*+}\mu^{-}\overline{\nu}_{\mu})$

The branching fraction ratio $\mathcal{R}(D^{*}) \equiv \mathcal{B}(\overline{B}^0 \to D^{*+}\tau^{-}\overline{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(\overline{B}^0 \to D^{*+}\mu^{-}\overline{\nu}_{\mu})$ is measured using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0\invfb of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode $\tau^{-} \to \mu^{-}\overline{\nu}_{\mu}\nu_{\tau}$. The semitauonic decay is sensitive to contributions from non-Standard-Model particles that preferentially couple to the third generation of fermions, in particular Higgs-like charged scalars. A multidimensional fit to kinematic distributions of the candidate $\overline{B}^0$ decays gives $\mathcal{R}(D^{*}) = 0.336 \pm 0.027(stat) \pm 0.030 (syst)$. This result, which is the first measurement of this quantity at a hadron collider, is 2.1 standard deviations larger than the value expected from lepton universality in the Standard Model.
A novel optimization harmonic elimination technique for cascaded multilevel inverter

The main goal of utilizing Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) techniques in Multilevel Inverters (MLI) is to produce a high-quality output voltage signal with a minimum Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). By calculating N switching angles, SHE technique can eliminate (N-1) low order odd harmonics of the output voltage waveform. To optimized and obtained these switching angles, N of nonlinear equations should be solved using a numerical method. Modulation index (m) and duty cycle play a big role in selective harmonic elimination technique to obtain a minimum harmonic distortion and desired fundamental component voltage. In this paper, a novel Optimization Harmonic Elimination Technique (OHET) based on SHE scheme is proposed to re-mitigate Total Harmonic Distortion. The performance of seven-level H-bridge cascade inverter is evaluated using PSIM and validated experimentally by developing a purposely built microcontroller-based printed circuit board.
A widespread family of polymorphic contact-dependent toxin delivery systems in bacteria

Users may view, print, copy, download and text and datamine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use: http://www.nature. com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to D.A. L. (low@lifesci.ucsb.edu). *Current address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7290 ‡Co-contributing senior authors Author Contributions: D.A. L. , S.K. A. , P.A. C. , and C.S. H. designed research. The manuscript was prepared by D.A. L. , C.S. H. , P.A. C. , and S.J.P., and S.K. A. S.J.P. and B.R. B. carried out bioinformatic analyses. B.R. B. , A.M.J., and P.A. C. obtained initial evidence for the toxic nature of CdiA-CT, variability of CdiA-CTs and CdiIs, and binding between CdiA-CTs and cognate CdiIs in studies of Burkholderia pseudomallei cdi genes. S.K. A. cloned and performed competition assays and growth curves involving cdiBAI, cdiA-CT, and cdiA chimeras and deletions. B.A.B. and J.S. W. conducted the deletion mapping study with assistance from S.K. A. B.A.B. and S.K. A. conducted the bacterial two-hybrid study. C. T. R. constructed D.dadantii cdi mutants and plasmids and performed growth competition assays on chicory. E.J.D. cloned, purified protein, and performed the in vitro protein interaction and CdiA-CT activity studies. Author Information. Reprints and permissions information is available at npg.nature. com/reprintsandpermissions. The authors declare no competing financial interests. Readers are welcome to comment on the online version of this article at www.nature. com/ nature. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Nature. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 May 18.
Association between insulin-like growth factor 1 and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation in obese women

Given its possible protective effect on vascular endothelial function, we hypothesized that the circulating level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) could be associated with biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation, i.e., soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP, in non-diabetic obese women. A total of 40 obese women (median age 35 (31-39) years; moderately obese I (n=21) body mass index (BMI) 30.0-34.9 kg/m2 and severely obese (n=19) BMI 35.0-39.9 kg/m2) and 40 controls, age-matched healthy nonobese women were included in the study. Anthropometric parameters (BMI, waist circumference, fat adipose tissue percentage − FAT% measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis), serum concentrations of biomarkers (IGF-1, sICAM-1, sE-selectin and hs-CRP) and common carotid artery intima-media thickness Z-score (CCIMT Z-score) were assessed in all subjects. Severely obese subjects had a significantly lower median concentration of IGF-1 compared to moderately obese and nonobese subjects (95 (73.75-109.25) vs. 120 (108.3-141.7) vs. 115.5 (94.1-165.5) mg/mL, P<0.05). In moderately obese subjects, the median concentration of hs-CRP (3.41 (2.3-5.1) vs. 5.9 (3.2-9.57) mg/L, P=0.01) and sICAM-1 (244.5 (192.7-262.2) vs. 325.2 (229.2-339.6) mg/L, P=0.03) were significantly lower compared to severely obese subjects. In regression analysis IGF-1 concentration was independently associated with FAT% (β=-3.14; P=0.03), hs-CRP (β=-4.24; P=0.001) and CCIMT Z-score (β=-19.2; P=0.001). The circulating level of IGF-1 is associated with hs-CRP, but not with sE-selectin and sICAM-1 in non-diabetic obese women. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III46005]
Mitotic entry: The interplay between Cdk1, Plk1 and Bora

ABSTRACT Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is an important mitotic kinase that is crucial for entry into mitosis after recovery from DNA damage-induced cell cycle arrest. Plk1 activation is promoted by the conserved protein Bora (SPAT-1 in C. elegans), which stimulates the phosphorylation of a conserved residue in the activation loop by the Aurora A kinase. In a recent article published in Cell Reports, we show that the master mitotic kinase Cdk1 contributes to Plk1 activation through SPAT-1/Bora phosphorylation. We identified 3 conserved Sp/Tp residues that are located in the N-terminal, most conserved part, of SPAT-1/Bora. Phosphorylation of these sites by Cdk1 is essential for Plk1 function in mitotic entry in C. elegans embryos and during DNA damage checkpoint recovery in mammalian cells. Here, using an untargeted Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) biosensor to monitor Plk1 activation, we provide additional experimental evidence supporting the importance of these phosphorylation sites for Plk1 activation and subsequent mitotic entry after DNA damage. We also briefly discuss the mechanism of Plk1 activation and the potential role of Bora phosphorylation by Cdk1 in this process. As Plk1 is overexpressed in cancer cells and this correlates with poor prognosis, understanding how Bora contributes to Plk1 activation is paramount for the development of innovative therapeutical approaches.
Fatores etiológicos do Bruxismo do Sono: revisão de Literatura

Inumeros estudos trazem o bruxismo como tema central, relacionando-o com varios disturbios, tais como problemas dentarios, problemas do sono, dores de cabeca e nos musculos da face. Para compreendermos profundamente essa atividade muscular que o bruxismo provoca, temos que compreender seus fatores etiologicos. Porem, o bruxismo e multifatorial e alguns estudos tem demonstrado quais fatores estao comumente associados a ele. O objetivo deste trabalho e realizar uma revisao de literatura, analisando quais fatores etiologicos sao mais comumente citados em estudos sobre o bruxismo do sono.
Regulation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Expression in Endothelial Cells

Intravascular Pressure , H2O2, and High α ? Activation by Tumor Necrosis Factorκ Nuclear FactorRegulation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Expression in Endothelial Cells : Role of Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online ISSN: 1524-4539 Copyright © 2005 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation doi: 10.1161/01.CIR. 0000164201.40634. 1D 2005;111:2364-2372; originally published online April 25, 2005; Circulation. http://circ.ahajournals. org/content/111/18/2364 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the
Pakistan's water economy : running dry - background papers

The United Nations (UN) millennium development goals and the consensus at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) have brought poverty reduction to the centre stage of the international development agenda. In countries such as Pakistan where water is an increasingly scarce resource the relationship between water growth and poverty is therefore of crucial importance. The basic assumption of the water and poverty Initiative was that water resources are extremely important to the poor. This paper therefore, looks at the issues related to the overall relationship of water to growth and poverty in Pakistan. It examines the direct relationship of water to agricultural production and growth and eventually to poverty reduction. It also examines the relationships of water with poverty reduction through the other avenues. The paper concludes with some guidelines for the direction of future work and potential areas of collaboration between the World Bank and the Government of Pakistan.
Kent Academic

We describe refactoring for Erlang programs, and work in progress to build two tools to give machine support for refactoring systems written in Erlang. We comment on some of the peculiarities of refactoring Erlang programs, and describe in some detail a number of refac-torings characteristic of Erlang.
for Bayesian Clustering of Neural Spiking Activity Using a mixDPFA

The posteriors are sampled by a Gibbs sampler. In each iteration, the sampling scheme has two main stages: 1) to sample the model parameters assuming known labels and 2) to sample the cluster indices given model parameters. Before moving into the second stage, the first stage is repeated several times. The sampling in the first stage is conducted without considering constraints for μ t and x (j) t at first, and then we project the samples onto the constraint space for ∑T t=1 μ (j) t = 0 and ∑T t=1 x (j) t = 0 as used in (Sen et al., 2018).
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT ON OTHER EFFECTIVE AREA-BASED CONSERVATION MEASURES USED IN MARINE FISHERIES

1. The Executive Secretary is circulating herewith, for the information of participants in the Expert Workshop on Marine Protected Areas and Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures for Achieving Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 in Marine and Coastal Areas, a background document on other effective area-based conservation measures used in marine fisheries. The document was prepared by the Fisheries Experts Group of the IUCN Commission of Ecosystem Management (IUCN/CEM/FEG), as commissioned by the Secretariat, in support of its preparation for the above-mentioned workshop, with the financial support from the Government of Norway.
Ex - situ Conservation of Malayan Gaur ( Bos gaurus hubbacki ): A Forty - year Summary of Breeding Performance and Lifespan

Studbook data of captive Malayan gaur managed in two Wildlife Conservation Centres (WCC) by the Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia (PERHILITAN) were analysed for the period 1982 - 2022. The maximum individual lifespan recorded was 26.2 years for a female and 20.9 years for a male. The average lifespan over four decades decreased from 18.1 years to 9.4 years. The mean primiparity is 3.96 years, which is older than other closely related species. The fecundity of the ten most prolific cows averaged 10.2 calves. Although 53% of cows remained reproductive beyond ten years of age, only 11.6 % produced ≥ 10 calves each, with the remaining cows averaging four calves each in their life - time. The poor breeding performance over the years is closely related to the unsound captive environment, including management practices, human resources, and husbandry. There was a high mortality rate prior to adulthood, with perinatal and yearling mortality accounting for 74% of the total mortality. Traumatic injuries, snake bites, infectious diseases, glyphosate poisoning, mycosis, endoparasites (including protozoa), old age and stressor myopathy contributed to the death of this species in WCC. No congenital defects were observed in all cases. The findings indicated a very strong need to minimize reproductive inefficiencies whilst improving perinatal and neonatal care. Reducing stress and more stringent biosecurity can help reduce mortality in yearlings and adults. Although there is a lack of evidence of genetic problems in the herd, the need for a new founder is crucial, to improve the genetic qualities of the Malayan gaur in captivity.
Summer Temperature since 1600 for the Upper Kolyma Region, Northeastern Russia, Reconstructed from Tree Rings

Dahurian larch (Larix gmelini) growing in the Upper Kolyma region of northeastern Siberia provide the first tree-ring chronology from this area. Ring widths in this long-lived species are highly correlated (r = 0.33 to 0.62) with average daily maximum temperatures for summer months and weakly correlated with other monthly climate variables. The correlation with summer temperature was sufficiently strong to reconstruct a long (1545-1989) temperature record for a nearby meteorological station at Atka. This reconstruction indicates that temperature during the 20th century has been generally less variable than during much of the past 400 yr. A period of warming from 1910 to 1965 has ended and a cooling trend has prevailed since 1977. Comparison with a Siberian larch (Larix siberica) chronology from the polar Urals reveals decades-long periods of agreement and of disagreement between the two chronologies. These suggest the presence of occasional persistent anomalies in the atmospheric circulation of arctic Asia, which warrant exploration by further dendroclimatic studies in this region.
MicroRNA expression in B-cell lymphomas

Accurate lymphoma diagnosis, prognosis and therapy still require additional markers. Additionally, some aspects of lymphoma pathogenesis are still partially unexplained. In this work the potential relevance of microRNA (miRNA) expression in a large series of cases that included all major B-cell lymphoma types has been investigated. First, a series of 147 fresh frozen lymphomas and 15 controls were inspected for their miRNA expression profile. This analysis yielded a signature of 128 miRNAs that enabled the characterization of the different B-cell lymphoma types. Then a second series of cases was used to corroborate the differential expression of selected miRNAs vs. non-tumour controls. The viability of using miRNAs as additional markers for differential diagnosis has been investigated by comparing Burkitt Lymphoma (BL) vs. Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) and resulted in the identification of 19 significant miRNAs (False Discovery Rate < 0.05). Not only: the correlation between miRNA expression profiles, gene expression profiles and pathway activation was examined in Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL), suggesting the implication of different miRNAs in pathway regulation. In particular, loss of miR-26a may contribute to NFkB pathway activation. Furthermore the clinical prognostic value of miRNAs has been examined in MCL cases, where miR-20b was identified as a good candidate for overall survival stratification of the patients. Finally, selected miRNAs were sequenced to test the presence and the relevance of miRNA sequence variation in a series of 95 DLBCL cases. In summary this work identifies good candidate miRNAs that might be used to better recognise the different B-cell lymphoma types (especially BL and DLBCL), and other miRNAs that could contribute to lymphoma pathogenesis elucidation.
Collaborative and Reconfigurable Object Tracking

b) Many vision applications perform intensive computations and demand hardware implementations in order to exhibit real time performance. Furthermore, these applications are hard to precharacterize and can take different paths according to events happening in the scene at runtime. Hence, reconfigurable hardware devices are envisioned as the proper platform to implement such applications, providing both real time performance and dynamic adaptability for the system. In this paper, we present a collaborative and reconfigurable object tracking system that has been built as part of our work. We justify the need for dynamic adaptation of the system through scenarios and examples. Experimental results on a set of scenes advocate the fact that our system works effectively for different scenes and scenario of events through reconfiguration.