Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information restriction in two-step cascade: role of fidelity and fluctuations

Information retained by the middle node X in a generic two-step cascade (TSC) motif (S → X → Y) is quantified by the metric restricted information (RI). Restricted efficiency, a normalised measure of RI, computes the ability of X in resisting the information flow from S to Y. We incorporate two types of autoregulatory edges, positive and negative, at X of the TSC framework, denoted as +TSC and −TSC, respectively. The role of autoregulatory edges (positive and negative) on the behaviour of X in information restriction is studied with reference to the TSC motif without autoregulation. Our theoretical analysis supplemented by numerical simulation shows that the information restriction imposed by X decreases (increases) with positive (negative) autoregulation. We introduce a dimensionless measure, relative fidelity, to understand the variation in RI due to autoregulatory edges. The relative fidelity is the signal-to-noise ratio for S–X regulation divided by the same for S–Y regulation. We find a specific operating range of the binding coefficient due to the autoregulatory edge at which a minimum (maximum) effect on information restriction is observed in the +TSC (−TSC) motif for high autoregulation strength.
Plasma waves in the sheath of the TSS‐1R satellite

The current flow in the Tethered Satellite System (TSS) induces a strong excitation of electric and magnetic fluctuations in the potential sheath surrounding the subsatellite. The wave sensors of the experiment RETE (Research on Electrodynamic Tether Effects) have measured power spectra of electromagnetic fields from 180 Hz to 12 MHz, providing information on the physical processes taking place around highly charged bodies in the ionosphere and, in particular, the role of wave‐particle interactions and anomalous collisionality. We report on the observations during three events of almost steady current flow at 50, 190 and 55 mA, taking place at positive satellite potentials of about 9, 200 and 2 V. The largest power spectral density occurs at frequencies between 2 and 4 kHz, close to the lower hybrid frequency, where electric field fluctuations up to 12 V/m have been observed. In this frequency band the fields are electrostatic and radially polarized, with a marked ram‐wake signature.
Participating in a Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture Intervention Is Not Associated with Less Maternal Time for Care in a Rural Ghanaian District

ABSTRACT Background Nutrition-sensitive agriculture (NSA) interventions may increase farm-related work for mothers, with consequences for child nutrition. The Nutrition Links (NL) intervention provided mothers with poultry, gardening inputs, technical support, and education to improve livelihoods and child nutrition outcomes in rural Ghana. Objectives Our objective was to compare time allocated to child care by a cross-section of mothers in the intervention group of the NL intervention with the control group (NCT01985243). Methods A cross-section of NL mother-child pairs was included in a time allocation substudy [intervention (NL-I) n = 74 and control (NL-C) n = 69]. In-home observations of the mother-child pair were conducted for 1 min, every 5 min, for 6 h. Observations were categorized into 4 nonoverlapping binary variables as follows: 1) maternal direct care, 2) maternal supervisory care, 3) allocare, and 4) no direct supervision. Allocare was defined as care by another person in the presence or absence of the mother. Any care was defined as the observation of maternal direct care, maternal supervisory care, or allocare. Generalized linear mixed models with binomial data distribution were used to compare the child care categories by group, adjusting for known covariates. Results Maternal direct care (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.28) and any care (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 0.91, 2.67) did not differ by intervention group. However, there was a higher odds of allocare (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.79) in NL-I than in NL-C women. Conclusions Maternal participation in an NSA intervention was not associated with a decrease in time spent directly on child care but was associated with an increase in care from other household and community members. The clinicaltrials.gov number provided is for the main NL intervention and not this current substudy.
Dielectric breakdown in Co–Fe–B/MgO/Co–Fe–B magnetic tunnel junction

The time-dependent dielectric breakdown has been investigated in Co–Fe–B/MgO/Co–Fe–B junctions by voltage ramp experiments and focused on its dependence on the barrier thickness, junction area, polarity of the applied voltage, ramp speed, and annealing temperature. The results suggest that the breakdown voltage strongly depends both on the polarity of the applied voltage and the annealing temperature. Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with positive bias on the top electrode show higher breakdown voltage than MTJs with negative bias. We found that there is a significant decrease in the breakdown voltage when the annealing temperature is increased above 350 °C.
Multidimensional trajectories of multimorbidity, functional status, cognitive performance, and depressive symptoms among diverse groups of older adults

Background Inter-relationships between multimorbidity and geriatric syndromes are poorly understood. This study assesses heterogeneity in joint trajectories of somatic disease, functional status, cognitive performance, and depressive symptomatology. Methods We analyzed 16 years of longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, 1998-2016) for n = 11,565 older adults (≥65 years) in the United States. Group-based mixture modeling identified latent clusters of older adults following similar joint trajectories across domains. Results We identified four distinct multidimensional trajectory groups: (1) Minimal Impairment with Low Multimorbidity (32.7% of the sample; mean = 0.60 conditions at age 65, 2.1 conditions at age 90) had limited deterioration; (2) Minimal Impairment with High Multimorbidity (32.9%; mean = 2.3 conditions at age 65, 4.0 at age 90) had minimal deterioration; (3) Multidomain Impairment with Intermediate Multimorbidity (19.9%; mean = 1.3 conditions at age 65, 2.7 at age 90) had moderate depressive symptomatology and functional impariments with worsening cognitive performance; (4) Multidomain Impairment with High Multimorbidity (14.1%; mean = 3.3 conditions at age 65; 4.7 at age 90) had substantial functional limitation and high depressive symptomatology with worsening cognitive performance. Black and Hispanic race/ethnicity, lower wealth, lower education, male sex, and smoking history were significantly associated with membership in the two Multidomain Impairment classes. Conclusions There is substantial heterogeneity in combined trajectories of interrelated health domains in late life. Membership in the two most impaired classes was more likely for minoritized older adults.
CD4(+) T Cell Count Progress and Influencing Factors of Recovery in AIDS Patients with Virological Failure in Sichuan Province: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background Choosing patients with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) with virologic failure observed in the course of treatment, and analyzing the CD4(+) T cell count of PLWH with different subtypes of virus and the risk factors of CD4 (+) T cell count recovery Methods Analyze and evaluate the change of median CD4(+) T cell count of PLWH infected with different HIV-1 subtypes in Sichuan Province after treatment by rank sum test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors on CD4(+) T cell count growth after PLWH treatment. Results A total of 4977 cases were analysed, including CRF07_BC 2358 cases (47.38%), CRF01_AE 1507 cases (30.28%), CRF08_BC 577 cases (11.59%), CRF85_BC 303 cases (6.09%) and other subtypes 232 cases (4.66%). PLWH infected with CRF85_BC had lower median CD4(+) T cell count after treatment (p < 0.05). It was found that protective factors to increase CD4(+) T cell count (p < 0.05) including females, Yi people, married or cohabiting, educational level at primary school or above, initial and recent treatment with Tenofovir + Lamivudine + Nevirapine Wellen, the second-line regimen with lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) and the treatment time is more than 24 months. However, over 50 years old, the disease course is in AIDS stage, the infection of CRF01_AE and CRF85_BC virus was the risk factor on CD4(+) T cell count increase (p < 0.05). PLWH with higher initial CD4 level had a lower ratio of CD4(+) T cell count increase (≥50 cells/μL) (p < 0.05). Conclusion Age, sex, ethnicity, marriage, education, disease status, treatment protocols, treatment time, initial CD4(+) T cell count, and virus subtype are the influencing factors of PLWH CD4(+) T cell count increase. The poor recovery of CD4(+) T cell count after treatment was observed in PLWH infected with CRF85_BC virus.
Novel diaphragm microfabrication techniques for high-sensitivity biomedical fiber optic Fabry-Perot interferometric sensors

In this paper new algorithms and procedures are reported which enable miniaturization and optimization of the thickness of a diaphragm for an all-glass extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI)-based pressure sensor. Diaphragm etching improves the EFPI sensors ability to detect relatively small changes in pressure (0.1mmHg) and the resulting sensor exhibits excellent stability over time (drift < 1 mmHg / hour) for measurement in air and liquid. The diaphragm etching procedure involves fiber polishing followed by etching in hydrofluoric (HF) acid. An additional Ion-beam etching technique was investigated separately to compare with the HF-etching technique. A sensitivity better than 10 10 nm/kPa, which provides a pressure resolution of 0.05mmHg, is achieved by reducing the EFPI diaphragm thickness down to less than 2μm for the miniature pressure sensor used in this investigation (overall diameter of 200μm). The techniques reported is also applicable for the fabrication of high sensitivity sensors using a smaller fiber diameter e.g. 80μm.
Identification of new potent agonists for toll-like receptor 8 by virtual screening methods, molecular dynamics simulation, and MM-GBSA

Abstract Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8), as an endosomal transmembrane receptor, plays a crucial role in the innate immune response to neoplasia and viruses. Previous studies have shown that TLR8 agonists e.g. Motolimod can be used to treat patients with last-stage cancer. In this study, in order to find new suitable ligands for TLR8, 16 PBD codes related to TLR8 complexes were collected to design the pharmacophore models using the Pharmit server. Then the PubChem, and ZINC databases were screened by them. Subsequently, the ADME-Tox features of the compounds were detected using FAF-Drugs4 and the selected compounds were docked to TLR8 (PDB: 3w3j). Molecular dynamics simulation was used to compare compounds with the best docking scores, with Motolimod in complex with TLR8. Finally, two compounds were identified, PubChem: 124126919 (A) and PubChem: 18559540 (B), each with advantages over Motolimod. As the RMSD results showed that compound A has very good flexibility, in terms of energy calculated using the MM-GBSA method, complex B and TLR8 showed the lowest energy level compared to the rest of the complexes. These observations suggest that these two compounds could be used as TLR8 agonists with the desired pharmacological features in future experimental studies. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Bat biosonar as an inspiration for dynamic sensing

Sensory systems found in biology continue to outperform their man-made peers in many respects. In particular, their ability to extract salient information from complex, unstructured environments is often superior to engineering solutions. Bat biosonar is an example for an exceptionally powerful yet highly parsimonious sensing system that is capable of operating in a wide variety of natural habitats and achieve a likewise diverse set of sensing goals. One aspect in which bat biosonar appears to differ from man-made system is its heavy reliance on diffraction-based beamforming with intricate baffle shapes. In-vivo observations of these shapes have provided evidence for non-rigid baffle deformations that coincide with the diffraction of the outgoing or incoming waves. In horseshoe bats, a bat group with one of the most elaborate biosonar systems, the emission baffles have been found to twitch in synchrony with each pulse emission. On the reception side, the animals’ outer ears can likewise be deformed while the incoming pulses impinge on them. The acoustic effects of the outer ear motions can be characterized using frequency-domain characterizations (beampatterns) revealing significant acoustic effects. However, a time-domain characterization of a biomimetic prototype has shown even stronger effects. Hence, it may be hypothesized that these mobile baffle provide a substrate for a time-variant strategy for the encoding of sensory information - a hypothesis that is well suited for further exploration with bioinspired sensing technology.
Defining new roles and competencies for administrative staff and faculty in the age of competency-based medical education

Abstract Purpose These authors sought to define the new roles and competencies required of administrative staff and faculty in the age of CBME. Method A modified Delphi process was used to define the new CBME roles and competencies needed by faculty and administrative staff. We invited international experts in CBME (volunteers from the ICBME Collaborative email list), as well as faculty members and trainees identified via social media to help us determine the new competencies required of faculty and administrative staff in the CBME era. Results Thirteen new roles were identified. The faculty-specific roles were: National Leader/Facilitator in CBME; Institutional/University lead for CBME; Assessment Process & Systems Designer; Local CBME Leads; CBME-specific Faculty Developers or Trainers; Competence Committee Chair; Competence Committee Faculty Member; Faculty Academic Coach/Advisor or Support Person; Frontline Assessor; Frontline Coach. The staff-specific roles were: Information Technology Lead; CBME Analytics/Data Support; Competence Committee Administrative Assistant. Conclusions The authors present a new set of faculty and staff roles that are relevant to the CBME context. While some of these new roles may be incorporated into existing roles, it may be prudent to examine how best to ensure that all of them are supported within all CBME contexts in some manner.
A chain of factored matrices for Routh array inversion and continued fraction inversion

A chain of factored matrices is derived for formulating the Routh array if the first column of the array is known. The factored matrices may be used to perform the conversion of a continued fraction into a rational function. A set of tables based on the second Cauer form of continued fraction expansion is also included. These tables are the approximated rational functions for the commonly used irrational function √ and the transcendental function e s .
Rare forms of inflammatory myopathies - part II, localized forms

ABSTRACT Introduction The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies traditionally comprise dermatomyositis, polymyositis, the anti-synthetase syndromes, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy and inclusion body myositis. However, there are uncommon localized forms that are less known. In this review, we aimed to cover these uncommon forms. Areas covered We identified rare forms of localized myositis on the basis of list provided by the homepage of the Neuromuscular disease center of Washington University, USA and on the basis of the authors’ knowledge. We searched PubMed® for relevant articles on these forms with the aim of providing as much as possible information on their clinical manifestations as well as guidance on their work-up and treatment. Expert opinion herein, we provide un updated description of rare forms of localized myositis. These forms are often difficult to diagnose because of their localized nature and are sometimes misdiagnosed as tumors. Knowledge about these rare forms of localized myositis can aid in their recognition and treatment.
A Simple and Low‐Tech Heat‐Shock Method to Increase Genome Editing Efficiency in Plants

CRISPR/Cas is now the standard technique to generate novel plant genotypes. However, optimizing the efficiency of the system continues to be an aspect of research and development. One of the improvements for increasing mutagenesis efficiency in different species is the application of heat stress. However, many experimental setups are limited by the requirement of using dedicated climate chambers to impose heat stress and by difficulties in the phenotyping of soil‐grown plants. Here, we describe a simplified heat stress assay for in vitro–grown plants that can be completed in 6 days using commonly available laboratory equipment. We show that three 24‐hr heat shocks (3×HS) at 37°C alternated with 24 hr of recovery at 21°C efficiently increases indel rates of LbCas12a and Cas9. We illustrate how visual mutant phenotypes (pds3 and gl1) can assist in quantifying genome editing efficiency, and describe how to quantify genome editing efficiency using genotyping by Sanger sequencing. We also provide a support protocol to efficiently clone a CRISPR expression vector in a single step. Together, our methods allow researchers to increase CRISPR‐induced mutations using a low‐tech setup in plants. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
mRNA, the beginning of a new influenza vaccine game

Licensed seasonal influenza vaccination results in variable effectiveness, and the substantial residual medical need calls for novel vaccines to induce better and broader immunity against this everchanging virus. In PNAS, McMahon et al . (1) report a new quadrivalent vaccine containing lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-formulated nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (mRNA). This vaccine codes for headless hemagglutinin (HA), neurami-nidase (NA), nucleoprotein (NP)
Biomarker response to high-specific-activity I-131 meta-iodobenzylguanidine in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma

The objective of this study is to present the complete biomarker response dataset from a pivotal trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of high-specific-activity I-131 meta-iodobenzylguanidine in patients with advanced pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma. Biomarker status was assessed and post-treatment responses were analyzed for catecholamines, metanephrines, and serum chromogranin A. Complete biomarker response (normalization) or partial response, defined as at least 50% reduction from baseline if above the normal range, was evaluated at specified time points over a 12-month period. These results were correlated with two other study objectives: blood pressure control and objective tumor response as per RECIST 1.0. In this open-label, single-arm study, 68 patients received at least one therapeutic dose (~18.5 GBq (~500 mCi)) of high-specific-activity I-131 meta-iodobenzylguanidine. Of the patients, 79% and 72% had tumors associated with elevated total plasma free metanephrines and serum chromogranin A levels, respectively. Best overall biomarker responses (complete or partial response) for total plasma free metanephrines and chromogranin A were observed in 69% (37/54) and 80% (39/49) of patients, respectively. The best response for individual biomarkers was observed 6–12 months following the first administration of high-specific-activity I-131 meta-iodobenzylguanidine. Biochemical tumor marker response was significantly associated with both reduction in antihypertensive medication use (correlation coefficient 0.35; P = 0.006) as well as objective tumor response (correlation coefficient 0.36; P = 0.007). Treatment with high-specific-activity I-131 meta-iodobenzylguanidine resulted in long-lasting biomarker responses in patients with advanced pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma that correlated with blood pressure control and objective response rate. ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00874614.
Factors affecting interpretation of dental radiographs

Objectives: To identify the factors influencing errors in the interpretation of dental radiographs. Methods: A protocol was registered on Prospero. All studies published until May 2022 were included in this review. The search of the electronic databases spanned Ovid Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus. The quality of the studies was assessed using the MMAT tool. Due to the heterogeneity of the included studies, a meta-analysis was not conducted. Results: The search yielded 858 articles, of which eight papers met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. These studies assessed the factors influencing the accuracy of the interpretation of dental radiographs. Six factors were identified as being significant that affected the occurrence of interpretation errors. These include clinical experience, clinical knowledge, and technical ability, case complexity, time pressure, location and duration of dental education and training and cognitive load. Conclusions: The occurrence of interpretation errors has not been widely investigated in dentistry. The factors identified in this review are interlinked. Further studies are needed to better understand the extent of the occurrence of interpretive errors and their impact on the practice of dentistry.
Pulsar rotation measures and the galactic magnetic field.

Les mesures de la rotation et de la dispersion de 185 pulsars sont utilisees pour tracer le champ magnetique galactique. Les pulsars proches indiquent une grandeur du champ magnetique local d'environ 2-3μG, dirige vers P=90 o . Les pulsars plus eloignes indiquent que le champ aux distances galactocentriques plus petites est renverse et plus intense. Les mesures de la rotation des sources extragalactiques dans d'autres directions indiquent l'existence d'autres renversements