Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hosting capacity of distribution networks for controlled and uncontrolled residential EV charging with static and dynamic thermal ratings of network components

The ongoing electrification of road transportation sector, which is expected to continue to strongly increase over the next years, will result in the connection of a significant number of electric vehicle (EV) chargers in LV and MV distribution networks, particularly in residential applications with on‐board (“slow”) EV chargers. In order to evaluate loading limits of existing distribution networks for the maximum number of EV chargers that can be safely connected (commonly denoted as a network EV “hosting capacity”, HC), this paper introduces a general approach to determine one commonly used network design parameter (after‐diversity maximum demand, ADMD) and one new parameter (maximum daily energy demand, MDED), which are both obtained from the load profiles of maximum per‐hour demands for uncontrolled residential EV charging. The presented approach uses actual EV charging data from the UK as the inputs in Monte Carlo simulations to generate daily EV charging profiles for arbitrary numbers of EVs, enabling to identify related ADMD, MDED and per‐hour maximum demand values, as well as their seasonal variations. The assessed ADMD, MDED and hourly maximum EV charging demands for uncontrolled EV charging are then combined with available UK residential daily load profiles before the EVs are connected (“pre‐EV demands”), where their combined coincidental and noncoincidental maximum demands are evaluated against the static thermal rating (STR) and dynamic thermal rating (DTR) loading limits of network components (transformers and overhead lines), taking into account relevant weather/ambient conditions. This is denoted as a network HC for uncontrolled EV charging. Finally, evaluating the resulting per‐hour maximum demand values against the STR and DTR loading limits and MDED values allows to select one particular scheduling method for controlled EV charging, which gives the absolute maximum number of EVs that can be safely connected in the considered network, that is, maximum network HC for fully controlled EV charging. The presented approach is illustrated on the example of the IEEE 33‐bus test network (modelled using typical UK network components), for the pre‐EV residential demands taken from the recordings at a UK MV substation, and for ambient data taken from a UK Met Office weather station. Obtained results allow to evaluate the range of network EV HC values for uncontrolled and controlled EV charging, that is, lower and upper HC limits, which can be correlated with the commonly used allocations of the firm and non‐firm network HC, respectively.
Modeling and Experimental Verification of Radiation of Filamented Fiber Bragg Grating

In this article, a numerical model of the radiation pattern of filamented fiber Bragg grating (FFBG) is established and an experimental study of its radiation distribution is conducted. The radiation distribution of the FFBG is analyzed from a theoretical point of view by introducing the volume current method (VCM) into the FFBG, and the radiation distribution of the FFBG is modeled. The spatial distribution of the radiation field is also analyzed using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and FFBG's radiation field is analyzed experimentally. Numerical calculations, simulations, and experimental results show that the FFBG can radiate light from both sides of the filament and the radiation distribution at the filament section near the core-cladding interface is stronger than in the middle of the filament. The influence of grating length on radiant intensity is also studied. The experimental results indicate that the energy radiated by the filament increases with the length of the grating.
AN EVALUATION OF A RESOURCE ALLOCATION AND SCHEDULING MODEL SMART GRID ENVIRONMENT IN DIFFERENT LOAD AND FAULT SITUATIONS

The power clamor of consumers is escalating steadily; Resulting surge on electric depots that leads to subsequent electric collapse. One of the produced distresses of power zone is the uneven and rising power demands. An equilibrium of power dispensation with respect to consumer’s requirement is trailed by smart grid in traditional dispersal process. Despite the fact that bulk load conditions amid constant power reserve; are still an obstacle in smart grid system. The presented study imparts stipulated and load governed technique to get the competent source allotment &utility. The suggested smart system will anticipate the probable strain during allotment time and will function load evenness utilization of accessible assets. The said framework is evaluated in this research under three different load conditions called Low, Average and High. The obtained outcomes are for mean energy hinderance, power controls and power collapse estimations. The introspected consequences determined the suggested application based decisive paradigm that enhanced the conduction of Intelligence system during utmost burdened times & attained productive solution within shorter span of time and minimum power collapse. The brought-forwarded technique gained genuine and efficacious transmission of the energy/power.
Ethnicity Classification From Face Images, Literature Review

Race classification has been a long-term challenge in the field of face recognition recently. As it is a key-demographic trait of individuals, it has been employed in real-world applications; for example, surveillance videos and online advertisement, Human-Computer Interaction, law enforcement, and demographic and biometric research. Consequently, different approaches have been suggested to tackle the race classification problems. This paper presents a literature review of state-of-art research that address the ethnic classification problem.
The First Surface‐Rupturing Earthquake in 20 Years on a HERP Active Fault is Not Characteristic: The 2014 Mw 6.2 Nagano Event along the Northern Itoigawa–Shizuoka Tectonic Line

Online Material: Table of fault displacement measured at sites along the surface‐rupture zone of the 2014 Nagano earthquake. The M w 6.2 ( M w 6.7) Nagano‐ken‐hokubu earthquake (hereafter Nagano earthquake) struck northern Nagano, central Japan, on 22 November 2014, destroying more than 100 houses and injuring 46 people. The maximum peak ground acceleration of 589 Gal was recorded at K‐NET Hakuba station, located 3.3 km west of the epicenter (National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, 2014). However, the areas that suffered from severe shaking, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) intensity 6, were limited to a few villages ∼17 km from the epicenter. The most striking feature of this earthquake is that more than 9 km of complex surface faulting occurred on the previously mapped 26‐km‐long north–northwest‐trending Kamishiro fault, one of the segments of the 150‐km‐long Itoigawa–Shizuoka tectonic line (ISTL) active fault system. This earthquake was the first surface‐breaking earthquake to occur on one of the 110 major inland active faults prioritized for evaluation by the Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion (HERP) that was launched in 1995 after the 1995 Kobe earthquake. A 14% probability of a large earthquake of M w∼8.3 occurring within the next 30 yrs from the entire ISTL rupture was estimated, the second highest among all the major active faults (HERP, 2014). In addition, the anticipated shaking intensities for the regions around the ISTL have been available to the public since 2005, based on simulated strong ground motion with realistic fault dimensions and fault geometry. The 2014 Nagano earthquake, as a surface‐rupturing event, gave us an opportunity to see whether our forecast, based on geologic, paleoseismic, and seismic engineering, was appropriate or whether it requires strategic improvement for seismic‐hazard assessment in Japan. In this article, we describe the surface ruptures associated with the 2014 Nagano earthquake, mostly along the …
CDLS: Proving Knowledge of Committed Discrete Logarithms with Soundness

Σ -protocols, a class of interactive two-party protocols, which are used as a framework to instantiate many other authentication schemes, are automatically a proof of knowledge (PoK) given that they satisfy the special-soundness property. This fact provides a convenient method to compose Σ -protocols and PoKs for complex relations. However, composing in this manner can be error-prone. While they must satisfy special-soundness, this is unfortunately not the case for many recently proposed composed practical schemes. Here we explore two schemes: ZKAt-test ’s [FLM22] and Agrawal et al.’s [AGM18], and show that their Σ - protocol’s suffer from several security misdesigns which invalidate their security proofs, and state a practical cheap attack on ZKAttest ’s implementation. By exploring and resolving their misdesigns, we propose CDLS , a sound and secure variant of their protocols.
A Necessary and Sufﬁcient Condition for Computed OPF Solutions to be Locally Optimal

—Although a signiﬁcant amount of research has been directed to developing necessary and sufﬁcient conditions for the optimal solutions of several engineering problems, there is little work on the development of a necessary and sufﬁcient condition for optimal power ﬂow (OPF) solutions. This paper seeks to develop the following: (1) a necessary and sufﬁcient condition for a local OPF solution, and (2) a necessary and sufﬁcient condition for an OPF Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) solution. The derived necessary andsufﬁcientconditionswerenumericallyveriﬁedonIEEE30-,57-and118-bussystems.Computationally,thederivednecessaryand sufﬁcientconditionisalsousefulinassistingexistingOPFmethodstoobtainOPFsolutionsinsteadofKKTsolutions(i.e.,KKTsaddle points).
Comparative study of hematological and radiological feature of severe/critically ill patients with COVID-19, In�uenza A H7N9 and H1N1 pneumonia

This study aimed to explore useful clinical indexes for management of severe/critically ill patients with COVID-19, In�uenza A H7N9 and H1N1 pneumonia by comparing hematological and radiological characteristics between them. Methods Severe/critically ill patients with con�rmed diagnosis of COVID-19, In�uenza A H7N9 and H1N1 pneumonia were retrospectively enrolled. The demographic data, clinical manifestations, hematological parameters, and radiological characteristics of three groups were compared. The in�uenza A was divided into two groups with/without patient death.
On the Round Complexity of Asynchronous 1 Crusader Agreement

11 We present new lower and upper bounds on the number of communication rounds required for 12 asynchronous Crusader Agreement (CA) and Binding Crusader Agreement (BCA), two primitives 13 that are used for solving binary consensus. We show results for the information theoretic and 14 authenticated settings. In doing so, we present a generic model for proving round complexity lower 15 bounds in the asynchronous setting. In some settings, our attempts to prove lower bounds on round 16 complexity fail. Instead, we show new, tight, rather surprising round complexity upper bounds for 17 Byzantine fault tolerant BCA with and without a PKI setup.
Lake area change in Alaskan National Wildlife Refuges: Magnitude, mechanisms, and heterogeneity

The objective of this dissertation was to estimate the magnitude and mechanisms of lake area change in Alaskan National Wildlife Refuges. An efficient and objective approach to classifying lake area from Landsat imagery was developed, tested, and used to estimate lake area trends at multiple spatial and temporal scales for ~23,000 lakes in ten study areas. Seven study areas had long-term declines in lake area and five study areas had recent declines. The mean rate of change across study areas was -1.07% per year for the long-term records and -0.80% per year for the recent records. The presence of net declines in lake area suggests that, while there was substantial among-lake heterogeneity in trends at scales of 3-22 km a dynamic equilibrium in lake area may not be present. Net declines in lake area are consistent with increases in length of the unfrozen season, evapotranspiration, and vegetation expansion. A field comparison of paired decreasing and non-decreasing lakes identified terrestrialization (i.e., expansion of floating mats into open water with a potential trajectory towards peatland development) as the mechanism for lake area reduction in shallow lakes and thermokarst as the mechanism for non-decreasing lake area in deeper lakes. Consistent with this, study areas with non-decreasing trends tended to be associated with fine-grained soils that tend to be more susceptible to thermokarst due to their higher ice content and a larger percentage of lakes in zones with thermokarst features compared to study areas with decreasing trends. Study areas with decreasing trends tended to have a larger percentage of lakes in herbaceous wetlands and a smaller mean lake size which may be indicative of shallower lakes and enhanced susceptibility to iv terrestrialization. Terrestrialization and thermokarst may have been enhanced by recent warming which has both accelerated permafrost thawing and lengthened the unfrozen season. Future research should characterize the relative habitat qualities of decreasing, increasing, and stable lakes for fish and wildlife populations and the ability of the finescale heterogeneity in individual lake trends to provide broad-scale system resiliency. Future work should also clarify the effects of terrestrialization on the global carbon balance and radiative forcing.
Confession and greenwashing: the impact of water information disclosure on firm value

Water pollution has become a serious problem in recent years, and firms are one of the main culprits for this environmental issue. Encouraging companies to improve water management behavior is necessary to protect water resources. Based on panel data of Chinese A-share listed companies in water-sensitive industries, this study used text analysis techniques to study the impact of corporate water information disclosure on pollutant emissions, strategy on firm value, and the U-shaped moderating role of local governments’ environmental regulation. The results show that (1) an increase in the amount of emission information texts to confess the water status can help enhance firm value. (2) The increase in the amount of strategic information texts, both the tone of emission, and strategic information texts have negative impacts on firm value, which help enterprises greenwash. Further analyses find a U-shaped moderating effect of governments’ environmental regulation on the relationships between emission information disclosure, strategic information disclosure and firm value, and varies under the different ISO14001 certification situations and life cycles. This research explains the effectiveness of corporate water information disclosure and the influence of governments’ environmental regulation, which plays a vital role in promoting firms to improve their environmental behaviors, reduce water pollution, and further achieve green development.
SYCP1 head-to-head assembly is required for chromosome synapsis in mouse meiosis

In almost all sexually reproducing organisms, meiotic recombination and cell division require the synapsis of homologous chromosomes by a large proteinaceous structure, the synaptonemal complex (SC). While the SC’s overall structure is highly conserved across eukaryotes, its constituent proteins diverge between phyla. Transverse filament protein, SYCP1, spans the width of the SC and undergoes amino-terminal head-to-head self-assembly in vitro through a motif that is unusually highly conserved across kingdoms of life. Here, we report creation of mouse mutants, Sycp1L102E and Sycp1L106E, that target SYCP1’s head-to-head interface. L106E resulted in a complete loss of synapsis, while L102E had no apparent effect on synapsis, in agreement with their differential effects on the SYCP1 head-to-head interface in molecular dynamics simulations. In Sycp1L106E mice, homologs aligned and recruited low levels of mutant SYCP1 and other SC proteins, but the absence of synapsis led to failure of crossover formation and meiotic arrest. We conclude that SYCP1’s conserved head-to-head interface is essential for meiotic chromosome synapsis in vivo.
Self-regulatory coping among community dwelling older adults with multiple chronic conditions

Objectives Many older adults with multiple chronic conditions (MCC) frequently experience hospitalizations, functional limitations, and poor quality of life. Outcomes may be improved by promoting self-regulation, which may individuals respond to health threats and manage their health conditions. The aim of this study was to describe self-regulatory coping among older adults with MCC. Methods A qualitative descriptive study using semi-structured interviews and content analysis and guided by the Common-Sense Self-Regulation Model. Seventeen community-dwelling older adults with two or more chronic conditions participated in our study. Results Three themes were developed from the analysis: (1) “I don’t think about it unless something happens": coping in the absence of a health event, (2) "doing what I am supposed to do”: coping during a health event, and (3) “How do I know if what I did works? ”: appraisal of coping success. Discussion Self-regulatory coping was influenced by individual beliefs and experiences (illness representations), context, self-efficacy and availability of support and resources to cope with MCC. These findings suggest implications for clinical practice and future self-regulation interventions for older adults with MCC.
The Undercutting of Coral Reef Limestone on the Coasts of Some Islands in the Red Sea

'"T^HE object of this note is to describe the undercut cliffs of coral reef limeX stone which form a striking feature of parts of the coasts of certain islands in the Red Sea, and which appear to be formed, not by wave action, but by a combination of solution of the limestone by sea-water and erosion by boring organisms. Since the old view of solution as a factor has been energetically combated in America in recent years, to the extent of a denial of its possibility, it is necessary to consider the case in some detail. The coral reefs of the Red Sea have been studied by Ehrenberg,* who spent in all nearly twelve months there, and by Crossland and others, who dealt with more restricted areas of it. They are also considered by Darwin,f who had not personally visited them. None of these authors were, however, directly con? cerned with the aspect considered here. The facts described in the present paper are based on a fortnight's examination of the Ashrafi and Jubal Islands at the mouth of the Gulf of Suez in February 1925, and four months' work during the winter of 1926-1927 on the Farsan Islands and Kamaran Island in the south-eastern part of the Red Sea. With the exception of a few (probably) basalt and sandy islands in the Farsan group, all the islands mentioned above consist almost entirely of raised Pleistocene reef limestone, and are fringed with growing corals. The Ashrafi Islands rise to a maximum of 30 feet above high-water mark, and are com? posed completely of coral reef. The Jubal, Farsan and Kamaran Islands are higher in places (the Farsan Islands reach a maximum of about 260 feet), and some exposures of the underlying Pliocene marls and marly limestones are found on many of them. The Pleistocene limestone, which forms most of the coasts of the islands, consists largely of shells and their casts, interstitial material (cemented calcareous sand), and corals. Most of the islands project above a submerged reef limestone platform. The depth of water covering this at high tide varies from sometimes only a few inches near the shore up to some 6 feet at the growing edge, but is usually from 1 to 3 feet. The platform is often surprisingly even, and slopes very gently seawards; the outer edge is well defined, the depth of water increasing rapidly from 1 to 15 or 20 fathoms. The width of the platform is very variable, but is rarely less than 100 yards, and in places reaches 1000. Much of the platform is laid bare in exceptionally low water. It is often covered with a thin layer of mud, with various organisms; but pebbles and sand are rarely present. For a considerable portion of their periphery, the islands are bounded by low marine erosion cliffs of raised reef limestone, J varying up to nearly the
Prevalence of bacteriologically-confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis in urban Blantyre, Malawi 2019–20: Substantial decline compared to 2013–14 national survey

Recent evidence shows rapidly changing tuberculosis (TB) epidemiology in Southern and Eastern Africa, with need for subdistrict prevalence estimates to guide targeted interventions. We conducted a pulmonary TB prevalence survey to estimate current TB burden in Blantyre city, Malawi. From May 2019 to March 2020, 115 households in middle/high-density residential Blantyre, were randomly-selected from each of 72 clusters. Consenting eligible participants (household residents ≥ 18 years) were interviewed, including for cough (any duration), and offered HIV testing and chest X-ray; participants with cough and/or abnormal X-ray provided two sputum samples for microscopy, Xpert MTB/Rif and mycobacterial culture. TB disease prevalence and risk factors for prevalent TB were calculated using complete-case analysis, multiple imputation, and inverse probability weighting. Of 20,899 eligible adults, 15,897 (76%) were interviewed, 13,490/15,897 (85%) had X-ray, and 1,120/1,394 (80%) sputum-eligible participants produced at least one specimen, giving 15,318 complete cases (5,895, 38% men). 29/15,318 had bacteriologically-confirmed TB (189 per 100,000 complete-case (cc) / 150 per 100,000 with inverse weighting (iw)). Men had higher burden (cc: 305 [95% CI:144–645] per 100,000) than women (cc: 117 [95% CI:65–211] per 100,000): cc adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.70 (1.26–5.78). Other significant risk factors for prevalent TB on complete-case analysis were working age (25–49 years) and previous TB treatment, but not HIV status. Multivariable analysis of imputed data was limited by small numbers, but previous TB and age group 25–49 years remained significantly associated with higher TB prevalence. Pulmonary TB prevalence for Blantyre was considerably lower than the 1,014 per 100,000 for urban Malawi in the 2013–14 national survey, at 150–189 per 100,000 adults, but some groups, notably men, remain disproportionately affected. TB case-finding is still needed for TB elimination in Blantyre, and similar urban centres, but should focus on reaching the highest risk groups, such as older men.
Advances in Nitrogen Management for Water Quality

Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for crops and other plants and is needed for many plant physiological functions. Nitrogen is critically important for global sustainability of food and has been a key to the success of the green revolution. Due to its importance as a crop nutrient, N fertilizer is of great importance for maximizing crop production. Crop uptake of N follows a sigmoid function with N uptake necessarily preceding above-ground dry matter while early season N requirements of the root system are met. For most agricultural cropping systems, production cannot be maximized without additional N inputs. However, N inputs can also have environmental impacts because of increased losses of N to the environment (Cowling et al. 2002; Galloway et al. 2003). Management of this dynamic nutrient is a key to lessening its potential impact on the environment. Though N management is complex in many aspects, there are basic principles that can be used to reduce N losses via leaching and/or atmospheric losses (Meisinger and Delgado 2002; Mosier et al. 2002). The risk of environmental impacts is increased when recommended management practices for reducing N losses are not implemented (Meisinger and Delgado 2002; Mosier et al. 2002). Scientists have…