Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuromodulation enables temperature robustness and coupling between fast and slow oscillator circuits in Cancer borealis

Acute temperature changes can disrupt neuronal activity and coordination with severe consequences for animal behavior and survival. Nonetheless, two rhythmic neuronal circuits in the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG) and their coordination are maintained across a broad temperature range. However, it remains unclear how this temperature robustness is achieved. Here, we dissociate temperature effects on the rhythm generating circuits from those of upstream ganglia. We demonstrate that heat-activated factors extrinsic to the rhythm generators are essential to the slow gastric mill rhythm’s temperature robustness and contribute to the temperature response of the fast pyloric rhythm. The gastric mill rhythm crashed when only the STG circuits were heated. It could be restored when upstream ganglia were heated in addition, and the activity of the peptidergic modulatory projection neuron (MCN1) increased. Correspondingly, MCN1’s neuropeptide transmitter stabilized the rhythm and maintained it over a broad temperature range. Extrinsic neuromodulation is thus essential for the oscillatory circuits in the STG and enables neural circuits to maintain function in temperature-compromised conditions. In contrast, integer coupling between pyloric and gastric mill rhythms was independent of whether extrinsic inputs and STG pattern generators were temperature-matched or not, demonstrating that the temperature robustness of the coupling is enabled by properties intrinsic to the rhythm generators. However, at near-crash temperature, integer coupling was maintained only in some animals but was absent in others. This was true despite regular rhythmic activity in all animals, supporting that degenerate circuit properties result in idiosyncratic responses to environmental challenges.
Illocution Force of Rhoma Irama's Songs "Virus Corona", "Perjuangan dan Doa" and "Nilai Sehat" in Public Rise Awareness of Covid 19 Pandemic

Educating due to Covid-19 spread prevention can be done using various media, for instance, through song. This research aimed to describe the illocution speech act and the function of Rhoma Irama's song lyrics as a medium to raise public awareness of Covid-19. This research conducts descriptive qualitative method and uses Searle pragmatic theory approach. The method uses in this study is scrutinize and taking notes. The result of this study found 11 assertiveness stating illocution, 4 directives asking illocution, 4 directive request illocution, 1 directive asks illocution, 1 expressive complaint illocution, and 1 saying thanks expressive illocution. Rhoma Irama's song entitled "Virus Corona" loads illocution force to raise people awareness and cognition that the world is in a serious condition due to Covid 19 pandemic. Moreover, there are also songs created before, such as "Perjuangan dan Doa" and "Nilai Sehat", which can motivate the people to keep surviving in the middle of the pandemic through healthy life and worships.
The defensive function of a pollinator‐attracting floral volatile

Benzyl acetone (4-phenylbutan-2-one; BA), the dominant floral fragrance of the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata, is known to attract night-time pollinators, such as Manduca sexta hawkmoths. For this pollinator, BA is not only essential for the pollen transport between conspecific plants, but also for the moth’s short-distance handling of flowers at night. The emission of BA from the corolla limb, however, starts up to 4 hr before dusk, peaks at dusk and continues throughout the first half of the night. While the function of the nocturnal part of the emission is well studied, the function of the early part of the peak emission remained unknown. By using plants silenced in the expression of the biosynthetic gene of BA (Nachal1), we investigated the function of this early peak emission of BA in the plants´ native habitat in Southwestern Utah. By emitting BA before dusk, N. attenuata is able to prevent the establishment and resulting floral damage by a florivore, the cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata). Plants lacking BA emissions (CHAL) were not only more often colonized by florivores, but also suffered significantly more damage, than control empty vector plants (EV). Choice assays revealed that D. undecimpunctata feeding required the absence of BA. While feeding damage to CHAL flowers was higher than to EV flowers in the early night hours, the effect disappeared during the second half of the night, when flowers stop emitting BA. The close proximity of BA-emitting flowers to non-emitting CHAL flowers prevented D. undecimpunctata feeding. In the field, the emission of BA at dusk was sufficient to protect plants for the entire night, as beetles search for new hosts during the early evening hours and remain for the duration of the night, once a host is chosen. Floral BA emission before dusk may have evolved as a consequence of antagonistic interactions with florivores. A single floral volatile can thus simultaneously function as an important floral attractant for pollinators and as effective feeding deterrent against florivores in the same plant species. A plain language summary is available for this article.
Tracking with poorly localized sensors in multistatic sensor networks

In this paper, we consider the tracking of multiple targets in the presence of clutter with poorly localized sensors in multistatic sensor networks. In multistatic sensor networks, we have a few active sensors that emit the signals and many passive sensors that receive the signals originated from the active sensors and reflected by the targets and clutter. In anti-submarine warfare, sensors are typically deployed from aircraft. Optimal tracking performance can be achieved if all the sensor locations are known. However, in general, sensor deployment accuracy is poor, and sensors can also drift significantly over time. Hence, the location uncertainties will increase with time. If the sensors have global position system (GPS) receiver, then their locations can be located with reasonable accuracy. However, most of the cheap sensors do not have a GPS, and therefor, location uncertainties must be taken in to consideration while tracking. An advantage of multistatic sensors compared to independent monostatic sensors is that the sensors can also be tracked accurately. In this paper, we propose how to improve the tracking performance of multiple targets by incorporating sensor uncertainties. We obtain a bound on the tracking performance with location uncertainties being taken into consideration, and propose a technique to select a subset of sensors (if only a few of the available sensors can be used at any measurement time) that should be used at each time step based on the bound. Simulation results illustrating the performance of the proposed algorithms are also presented.
Cache-based vulnerabilities and spam analysis

Two problems of computer security are investigated. On one hand, we are facing a practical problematic of actual processors: the cache, an element of the architecture that brings flexibility and allows efficient utilization of the resources, is demonstrated to open security breaches from which secret information can be extracted. This issue required a delicate study to understand the problem and the role of the incriminated elements, to discover the potential of the attacks and find effective countermeasures. Because of the intricate behavior of a processor and limited resources of the cache, it is extremely hard to write constant-time software. This is particularly true with cryptographic applications that often rely on large precomputed data and pseudo-random accesses. The principle of time-driven attacks is to analyze the overall execution time of a cryptographic process and extract timing profiles. We show that in the case of AES those profiles are dependent on the memory lookups, i.e. the addition of the plaintext and the secret key. Correlations between some profiles with known inputs and some with partially unknown ones (known plaintext but unknown secret key) lead to the recovery of the secret key. We then detail access-driven attacks: another kind of cache-based side channel. This case relies on stronger assumptions regarding the attacker's capacities: he must be able to run another process, concurrent to the security process. Even if the security policies prevent the so-called "spy" process from accessing directly the data of the "crypto" process, the cache is shared between them and its behavior can lead the spy process to deduce the secrets of the crypto process. Several ways are explored for mitigations, depending on the security level to reach and on the attacker's capabilities. The respective performances of the mitigations are given. The scope is however oriented toward software mitigations as they can be directly applied to patch programs and reduce the cache leakage. On the other hand, we tackle a situation of computer science that also concerns many people and where important economical aspects are at stake: although spam is often considered as the other side of the Internet coin, we believe that it can be defeated and avoided. A increasing number of researches for example explores the ways cryptographic techniques can prevent spams from being spread. We concentrated on studying the behavior of the spammers to understand how e-mail addresses can be prevented from being gathered. The motivation for this work was to produce and make available quantitative results to efficiently prevent spam, as well as to provide a better understanding of the behavior of spammers. Even if orthogonal, both parts tackle practical problems and their results can be directly applied.
Alternatif Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Tekniklerine Yönelik Hazırlanan Hizmet İçi Eğitim Kursundan Öğretime Yansımalar

Bu calismanin amaci; alternatif olcme-degerlendirme tekniklerine yonelik hazirlanan bir hizmet ici egitim kursundan kazanilan bilgilerin ogrenme ortamina yansima durumlarini arastirmaktir. Arastirmanin orneklemini hizmet ici egitim kursuna katilan iki fen ve teknoloji ogretmeni ve bu ogretmenlerin siniflarinda ogrenim gormekte olan 65 ogrenci olusturmaktadir. Veri toplama araci olarak; yari yapilandirilmis gozlem formu, yapilandirilmamis mulakat sorulari ve anket kullanilmistir. Mulakat ve gozlem verilerinin analizinde nitel veri analizine uygun analiz yapilmistir. Anket verilerinin analizinde ise frekans degerlerinin bulundugu tablolardan faydalanilmistir. Arastirmanin sonucunda; her iki ogretmenin de geleneksel olcme-degerlendirme tekniklerinden olan soru-cevap teknigini cok fazla kullandiklari, alternatif olcme degerlendirme tekniklerinden de hazirlanmasinda kendilerine cok fazla zahmet gerektirmeyen teknikleri kullanmayi tercih ettikleri gorulmustur. Ayrica ogrencilerin ekonomik duzeylerinin, ailelerin egitim duzeylerinin ve ogrenci ilgilerinin zengin icerikte alternatif olcme degerlendirme teknigi gelistirmede etkili oldugu sonucuna ulasilmistir.
Pigment and Fatty Acid Heterogeneity in the Sea Slug Elysia crispata Is Not Shaped by Habitat Depth

Simple Summary Some species of sacoglossan sea slugs are able to steal chloroplasts from the algae they feed on and maintain them functional for several months, a process termed “kleptoplasty”. One of these photosynthetic slugs is Elysia crispata, found in coral reefs of the Gulf of Mexico. This sacoglossan inhabits different depths (0–25 m), being exposed to different food sources and contrasting light conditions. In this work, we characterized the pigment and fatty acid (FA) profiles, and quantified the total lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid contents of E. crispata from shallow (0–4 m) and deeper (8–12 m) waters, after a month of starvation to determine the longest and more stable retention of chloroplasts and its relation to habitat depth. Biochemical analyses allowed the identification of 12 photosynthetic pigments and 27 FAs. Heterogeneity in the composition of pigments confirmed the long-term retention of functional chloroplasts ingested from different algae. However, the differences found in pigment profile, total lipid content, and FA composition on individuals of E. crispata were not related to habitat depth. High amounts of glycolipids, exclusive chloroplast lipids, suggest a good condition of these photosynthetic organelles in animal cells. These results contribute baseline physiological data that may help explain evolutionary associations such as endosymbiosis. Abstract Long-term retention of functional chloroplasts in animal cells occurs only in sacoglossan sea slugs. Analysis of molecules related to the maintenance of these organelles can provide valuable information on this trait (kleptoplasty). The goal of our research was to characterize the pigment and fatty acid (FA) composition of the sea slug Elysia crispata and their associated chloroplasts that are kept functional for a long time, and to quantify total lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid contents, identifying differences between habitats: shallow (0–4 m) and deeper (8–12 m) waters. Specimens were sampled and analyzed after a month of food deprivation, through HPLC, GC-MS and colorimetric methods, to ensure an assessment of long-term kleptoplasty in relation to depth. Pigment signatures indicate that individuals retain chloroplasts from different macroalgal sources. FA classes, phospholipid and glycolipid contents displayed dissimilarities between depths. However, heterogeneities in pigment and FA profiles, as well as total lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid amounts in E. crispata were not related to habitat depth. The high content of chloroplast origin molecules, such as Chl a and glycolipids after a month of starvation, confirms that E. crispata retains chloroplasts in good biochemical condition. This characterization fills a knowledge gap of an animal model commonly employed to study kleptoplasty.
The Internet Galaxy: Reflections on the Internet, Business, and Society

From the Publisher: Manuel Castells is one of the world's leading thinkers on the new information age, hailed by The Economist as "the first significant philosopher of cyberspace," and by Christian Science Monitor as "a pioneer who has hacked out a logical, well-documented, and coherent picture of early 21st century civilization, even as it rockets forward largely in a blur. " Now, in The Internet Galaxy, this brilliantly insightful writer speculates on how the Internet will change our lives. Castells believes that we are "entering, full speed, the Internet Galaxy, in the midst of informed bewilderment. " His aim in this exciting and profound work is to help us to understand how the Internet came into being, and how it is affecting every area of human life--from work, politics, planning and development, media, and privacy, to our social interaction and life in the home. We are at ground zero of the new network society. In this book, its major commentator reveals the Internet's huge capacity to liberate, but also its ability to marginalize and exclude those who do not have access to it. Castells provides no glib solutions, but asks us all to take responsibility for the future of this new information age. The Internet is becoming the essential communication and information medium in our society, and stands alongside electricity and the printing press as one of the greatest innovations of all time. The Internet Galaxy offers an illuminating look at how this new technology will influence business, the economy, and our daily lives.
Observation of High‐Frequency Electrostatic Waves in the Dip Region Ahead of Dipolarization Front

Dipolarization front (DF) is a sharp magnetic structure featuring the increase of Bz in the magnetotail. Various types of waves have been observed around the DF. However, in the magnetic dip ahead of the DF, very few waves have been reported so far. In this study, we report broadband high‐frequency electrostatic waves in the dip region by using high resolution data from the magnetospheric multiscale (MMS) mission. The frequency range of these electrostatic emissions is higher than electron cyclotron frequency but lower than electron plasma frequency. These high‐frequency waves are quasi‐parallel propagating, and their parallel components dominate. Simultaneously, the measured field‐aligned electron distribution function (EDF) has a positive slope (df/dv|| > 0). The kinetic theory dispersion relationship curve based on the measured EDF reveals that the positive slope is responsible for the generation of high‐frequency electrostatic wave in the magnetic dip ahead of the DF.
Automatic Epileptic Seizure Detection Based on EEG Signals Using Deep Learning

About one percent of the world's population suffers from epilepsy. A patient with epilepsy must be diagnosed early and accurately if they are to have any chance of being treated successfully. One method for diagnosing epilepsy is by carefully analyzing the Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. We propose a method for signal processing EEG signals that detect epilepsy based on time-frequency features extracted from the signal and used as input for a neural network classifier. With the help of a convolutional neural network with deep learning, better and more efficient features were obtained and an accurate diagnosis was provided. It resulted in a significant difference between the two individuals upon analysis of the EEG signal. As compared with the previous method, the proposed technique distinguishes between healthy and epileptic signals with specificity 98 ± 2%, sensitivity 99 ± 0.7%, accuracy 98 ± 0.6%, and F-score 98 ± 0.5%. It is possible to use EEG signal analysis to detect the onset of seizures, especially in infants, as an effective tool to diagnose cases of suspected clinical signs of seizure onset.
The research on drivers' behaviour on a car track in a simulated accident situation

The following work presents research of driver behaviour in pre-accident situations conducted on Kielce Car Track within a research project N509016 31/1251. The aim of the following research work is the completion and extension of the knowledge concerning reaction times and an update to an existing data base. At the same time, driver behaviours in a particular pre-accident situation are analysed. The tests are conducted with a relatively big group of drivers, of different age and different driving experience. Reaction times are determined for three event scenarios, as it was previously mentioned, the type of scenario can significantly influence on obtained values of these times. The research conducted in a pre-arranged risk situation, where an obstacle in a form of a car mock-up suddenly forces its way into a road area with a simultaneous limitation of “room” for a manoeuvre by a lorry mock-up moving on the opposite lane and opposite direction. This work presents the pattern and scenario course of a pre-accident situation selected for tests. Measuring equipment and movable mock-ups used for research were characterised. There were presented selected, preliminary results of three trials characterised by different values of risk time (different level of accident risk). The following article presents the patterns of the first pre-accident situation under research, the research method and example research results obtained on Kielce Track.
Photovoltaic Cell Fed 3-Phase Induction Motor Using MPPT Technique

This Paper emphasizes on proposing a cost effective photovoltaic (PV) fed 3 phase Induction motor drive which serves for rural pumping applications. Generally in a standalone system, the PV unit will charge the battery and the battery set up in turn will serve as a source for the inverter. A new single stage battery less power conversion is employed by designing a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) embedded boost converter which makes the overall cost of the setup to go down considerably. The realized as a prototype consisting PV array of 500watts, MPPT aided boost converter, three phase inverter and a three phase squirrel cage induction drive of 300 watts. An efficient and low cost micro controller dspic4011 is used a platform to code and implement the prominent perturb and observe MPPT technique . Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) is the control technique employed for the three phase inverter. To validate the experimental results simulation of the whole set up is carried out in matlab /simulink environment. Simulation and hardware results reveal that the system is versatile.
Contribution of markers of adiposopathy and adipose cell size in predicting insulin resistance in women of varying age and adiposity

Adipose tissue (AT) dysfunctions, such as adipocyte hypertrophy, macrophage infiltration and secretory adiposopathy (low plasma adiponectin/leptin, A/L, ratio), associate with metabolic disorders. However, no study has compared the relative contribution of these markers to cardiometabolic risk in women of varying age and adiposity. Body composition, regional AT distribution, lipid-lipoprotein profile, glucose homeostasis and plasma A and L levels were determined in 67 women (age: 40-62 years; BMI: 17-41 kg/m2). Expression of macrophage infiltration marker CD68 and adipocyte size were measured from subcutaneous abdominal (SCABD) and omental (OME) fat. AT dysfunction markers correlated with most lipid-lipoprotein levels. The A/L ratio was negatively associated with fasting insulinemia and HOMA-IR, while SCABD or OME adipocyte size and SCABD CD68 expression were positively related to these variables. Combination of tertiles of largest adipocyte size and lowest A/L ratio showed the highest HOMA-IR. Multiple regression analyses including these markers and TAG levels revealed that the A/L ratio was the only predictor of fasting insulinemia and HOMA-IR. The contribution of the A/L ratio was superseded by adipose cell size in the model where the latter replaced TAGs. Finally, leptinemia was a better predictor of IR than adipocyte size and the A/L ratio in our participant sample.
Trends in sonochemistry and ultrasonic processing

It is always a valuable exercise to review the origins and developments of a technology before going on to look at future prospects. Such an exercise allows one to judge both whether that technology has real long term applications or is simply of transient interest on a laboratory scale. In the field of power ultrasound it is a fact that many applications predated the advent of what is now known as sonochemistry by many years. A number of books and articles were written that explored laboratory and industrial applications of ultrasonics from the 1920's. With such early applications in mind this paper will try and identify the early developments into a field that is now encompassed by the term sonochemistry. Amongst the topics that will be highlighted are chemical synthesis, electrochemistry, environmental protection, food technology and therapeutic ultrasound.
High‐Power Multimode Random Fiber Laser for Speckle‐Free Imaging

New light sources with low spatial coherence and high brightness are crucial for high‐quality imaging. In this paper, such a light source is reported, which is formed by combining random lasing used as seed light with a multimode fiber (MMF) mediated master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) for power scaling and spatial decoherence. Experimental results show that the proposed multimode random fiber laser (MM‐RFL), with low noise, high spectral density, and high power efficiency, can achieve a maximum output power of 100.6 W and speckle contrast of as low as 0.037. Furthermore, MM‐RFL‐based speckle‐free imaging is demonstrated. The imaging quality can be improved by increasing the output power of the MM‐RFL as its spatial coherence decreases with an increasing number of effective modes excited in the MMF. Such a MM‐RFL provides a powerful light source for speckle‐free imaging applications where high power and low spatial coherence are essential for high‐quality imaging.