Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Algorithm Based Method for Identification of Cybercriminal Networks from Online Social Media

Text mining originated from data mining and it is the knowledge discovery from textual data to uncover useful but hidden information. In the past two decades social community mining and social network analysis is an important research area, but little work is performed for the automated discovery and analysis of cybercriminal networks. This paper focused on the techniques to analyze the online social media messages to uncover the various cybercriminal relationships and visualization of the cybercriminal networks, which facilitate cybercrime forensics. This paper introduces a novel solution called GA based LDA, which uses Genetic Algorithms (GA) to determine a near optimal configuration for LDA in the context of cybercriminal network mining. The experimental results shows that the proposed method outperforms the existing Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) based context sensitive Gibbs sampling algorithm.
Acoustic features as a tool to visualize and explore marine soundscapes: Applications illustrated using marine mammal passive acoustic monitoring datasets

Abstract Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) is emerging as a solution for monitoring species and environmental change over large spatial and temporal scales. However, drawing rigorous conclusions based on acoustic recordings is challenging, as there is no consensus over which approaches are best suited for characterizing marine acoustic environments. Here, we describe the application of multiple machine‐learning techniques to the analysis of two PAM datasets. We combine pre‐trained acoustic classification models (VGGish, NOAA and Google Humpback Whale Detector), dimensionality reduction (UMAP), and balanced random forest algorithms to demonstrate how machine‐learned acoustic features capture different aspects of the marine acoustic environment. The UMAP dimensions derived from VGGish acoustic features exhibited good performance in separating marine mammal vocalizations according to species and locations. RF models trained on the acoustic features performed well for labeled sounds in the 8 kHz range; however, low‐ and high‐frequency sounds could not be classified using this approach. The workflow presented here shows how acoustic feature extraction, visualization, and analysis allow establishing a link between ecologically relevant information and PAM recordings at multiple scales, ranging from large‐scale changes in the environment (i.e., changes in wind speed) to the identification of marine mammal species.
Association of Use of a Mobile Tackling Dummy During College Football Practice With Reduced Sport-Related Concussion: Results of a Pilot Investigation

Background: Considering the multifaceted consequences of improperly managed sport-related concussions (SRCs) in American football, identifying efficacious prevention measures for enhancing player safety is crucial. Purpose: To investigate the association of primary prevention measures (no-tackle practices and using a mobile tackling dummy in practice) with the frequency of SRCs within college football programs in the United States. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: In this pilot study, we analyzed the frequency of new SRCs recorded during various settings (total, in preseason, in season, in practice, and game) across 14 seasons (2007-2019 and 2021) for Dartmouth College and across 7 seasons (2013-2019) for the 7 other teams in the Ivy League men’s athletic football conference. Trends between seasons and the number of SRCs sustained were examined using correlations and basic descriptive statistics. We also examined SRC frequency in relation to primary prevention measures (no-tackle practices, use of mobile tackling dummies during practice) in the Dartmouth College football program, and we compared SRCs with regard to the no-tackle practice policy in the other Ivy League teams. Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in the number of SRCs over the seasons studied, with the strongest finding observed for Dartmouth College in-game SRCs (r = −0.52; P = .029). Relatedly, the strongest between-season effect was seen for the Dartmouth College practice policy on in-game SRCs (η2 = 0.510; P = .01). The use of mobile tackling dummies was found to be independently associated (adjusting for no-tackle practice) with a lower number total (β = −0.53; P = .049), in-season (β = −0.63; P = .023), and in-game (β = −0.79; P = .003) SRCs. While seasons with the no-tackle practice were not meaningfully associated with SRCs for Dartmouth College, stronger trends were observed in the other Ivy League teams, such that seasons with this policy were associated with lower SRC prevalence. Conclusion: Our data indicate that the use of the mobile tackling dummy in practice was related to the reduced number of SRCs sustained at multiple settings during the football season. To a lesser extent, the no-tackle practice policy was also associated with a reduced number of SRCs.
Quantifying yeast lipidomics by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and comparison to mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics

Lipidomic analysis in diverse biological settings has become a frequent tool to increase our understanding of the processes of life. Cellular lipids play important roles not only as being the main components of cellular membranes, but also in the regulation of cell homeostasis as lipid signaling molecules. Yeast has been harnessed for biomedical research based on its good conservation of genetics and fundamental cell organisation principles and molecular pathways. Further application in so-called humanised yeast models have been developed which take advantage of yeast as providing the basics of a living cell with full control over heterologous expression. Here we present evidence that high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) represents an effective alternative to replace cost intensive mass spectrometry-based lipidomic analyses. We provide statistical comparison of identical samples by both methods, which support the use of HPTLC for quantitative analysis of the main yeast lipid classes.
Removal of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol from drinking water by UV/Tio2 treatment

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)%%%%Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) are taste and odour compounds commonly present in drinking water. Their presence can be detected even at the nanogram-per-litre level, and at such low concentrations they are not readily removed by conventional water treatment processes. Consequently, alternative treatment processes are needed that add significant cost to the water treatment option. Recently, it has been found that UV/TiO2 photocatalysis is capable of degrading geosmin and MIB, and because TiO2 is relatively cheap UV/TiO2 photocatalysis is a possible commercial treatment option. However, the reaction kinetics and mechanisms are not well understood, which limits current development. This study was aimed at gaining a better understanding of kinetics and mechanisms of the photocatalytic degradation of geosmin and MIB by UV/TiO2. It sought to undertake an extensive experimental investigation to quantify the influence of TiO2 type, TiO2 loading, geosmin and MIB concentration, UV intensity, mixing condition, pH and presence of additives (bicarbonate, alcohols and humic acid) on the removal of geosmin and MIB. Before embarking on the experiments, however, a rapid and cost-effective methodology for the quantification of geosmin and MIB at the nanogram-per-litre level was required. Consequently, a solid phase micro-extraction technique coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was developed. Briefly, accurate and reproducible measurements were achieved with biphenyl-d10 as the internal standard and preconditioning the fibre prior to the adsorption stage. Optimum extraction temperature and duration were found to be 270oC and 30 minutes, respectively. Once the quantitative detection process was in place geosmin and MIB degradation experiments were carried out using various commercial TiO2 photocatalysts, including Degussa P25 and Millennium PCs with different specific surface areas. All these photocatalyst were found to be effective to remove geosmin and MIB, with Degussa P25 giving the best performance. Interestingly, there was no apparent correlation between the specific surface area of the photocatalyst particle and the degradation rate. A reason for this is possibly related to the agglomeration occurring when the material is suspended in water. The experiments examining the degradation rate of geosmin and MIB involved both suspended and immobilised TiO2 systems. Dark adsorption studies showed that there was negligible adsorption of either geosmin or MIB onto the TiO2 surface. This observation was supported by zeta potential measurements which identified repulsion between the different surfaces. The degradation rate of both geosmin and MIB involving the activation of TiO2 photocatalyst with UV light followed a first-order kinetic processes with respect to TiO2 loading, geosmin and MIB concentration, pH, UV intensity and mixing condition. The degradation rates for the suspended Degussa P25 photocatalyst exhibited energy efficiencies comparable to…
Geographical variation of body size in Western Mediterranean striped Dolphines (Stenella coeruleoalba)

The variation in maximum body size of striped dolphins, Stenella coeruleoalba, was studied in various areas of the Mediterranean Sea. Animals inhabiting the southern part of the Mediterranean are larger than those inhabiting the northern fringe. Although a number of ecological factors affecting maximum body size in mammals has been identified, their role in causing the variation observed is difficult to determine because of the lack of appropriate data. However, the southern fringe is characterized by stronger seasonality and lower density of dolphins, both factors likely to favour larger maximum individual body sizes in a population. The variation observed may reflect population stratification leading to a degree of genetic isolation within the western Mediterranean Sea.
3D Scan Data for Selected Artifacts from Blackwater Draw National Historic Landmark (LA3324), New Mexico, USA

Between February 8-11, 2016, selected artifacts from the Blackwater Draw National Historic Landmark (LA3324) were scanned in advance of a grant proposal to digitally aggregate the Clovis-era artifacts from the Clovis type site. These data were collected using a NextEngineHD running ScanStudioHD Pro, and post-processed in Geomagic Design X 2016.0. 1. All data associated with this project are publicly available (open access) and accessible in Zenodo under a Creative Commons license, where they can be downloaded for use in additional projects and learning activities. These data have the capacity to augment a variety of research designs spanning the digital humanities, applications of geometric morphometrics, and many others. Additionally, these scans will augment a wide range of comparative research topics throughout the Americas and beyond. Reuse potential for these data is significant.
Functional enrichment analysis reveals the involvement of DARS2 in multiple biological pathways and its potential as a therapeutic target in esophageal carcinoma

Objective: The enzyme Aspartyl tRNA synthetase 2 (DARS2) is a crucial enzyme in the mitochondrial tRNA synthesis pathway, playing a critical role in maintaining normal mitochondrial function and protein synthesis. However, the role of DARS2 in ESCA is unclear. Materials and methods: Transcriptional data of pan-cancer and ESCA were downloaded from UCSC XENA, TCGA, and GEO databases to analyze the differential expression of DARS2 between tumor samples and normal samples, and its correlation with clinicopathological features of ESCA patients. R was used for GO, KEGG, and GSEA functional enrichment analysis of DARS2 co-expression and to analyze the connection of DARS2 with glycolysis and m6A-related genes. In vitro experiments were performed to assess the effects of interfering with DARS2 expression on ESCA cells. TarBase v.8, mirDIP, miRTarBase, ENCORI, and miRNet databases were used to analyze and construct a ceRNA network containing DARS2. Results: DARS2 was overexpressed in various types of tumors. In vitro experiments confirmed that interfering with DARS2 expression significantly affected the proliferation, migration, apoptosis, cell cycle, and glycolysis of ESCA cells. DARS2 may be involved in multiple biological pathways related to tumor development. Furthermore, correlation and differential analysis revealed that DARS2 may regulate ESCA m6A modification through its interaction with METTL3 and YTHDF1. A ceRNA network containing DARS2, DLEU2/has-miR-30a-5p/DARS2, was successfully predicted and constructed. Conclusions: Our findings reveal the upregulation of DARS2 in ESCA and its association with clinical features, glycolysis pathway, m6A modification, and ceRNA network. These discoveries provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying ESCA.
The social transmission of empathy relies on observational reinforcement learning

Significance Humans learn from observing others. Here, we show that such observational learning processes influence the extent to which a person empathizes with the pain of another individual. In our study, female participants observed empathic or non-empathic reactions of others and later provided empathy ratings themselves. Observing empathic reactions of others resulted in an increase, whereas observing non-empathic reaction resulted in a decrease of participants’ homegrown empathy. These changes can be explained by observational reinforcement learning and are reflected by the neural processing of empathy in the anterior insula and its functional connectivity to the temporoparietal junction. Our findings show that empathy can be socially transmitted and observational learning can explain the plasticity of empathic reactions in different social environments.
Drug-resilient Cancer Cell Phenotype Is Acquired via Polyploidization Associated with Early Stress Response Coupled to HIF2α Transcriptional Regulation

Abstract Therapeutic resistance and recurrence remain core challenges in cancer therapy. How therapy resistance arises is currently not fully understood with tumors surviving via multiple alternative routes. Here, we demonstrate that a subset of cancer cells survives therapeutic stress by entering a transient state characterized by whole-genome doubling. At the onset of the polyploidization program, we identified an upregulation of key transcriptional regulators, including the early stress-response protein AP-1 and normoxic stabilization of HIF2α. We found altered chromatin accessibility, ablated expression of retinoblastoma protein (RB1), and enrichment of AP-1 motif accessibility. We demonstrate that AP-1 and HIF2α regulate a therapy resilient and survivor phenotype in cancer cells. Consistent with this, genetic or pharmacologic targeting of AP-1 and HIF2α reduced the number of surviving cells following chemotherapy treatment. The role of AP-1 and HIF2α in stress response by polyploidy suggests a novel avenue for tackling chemotherapy-induced resistance in cancer. Significance: In response to cisplatin treatment, some surviving cancer cells undergo whole-genome duplications without mitosis, which represents a mechanism of drug resistance. This study presents mechanistic data to implicate AP-1 and HIF2α signaling in the formation of this surviving cell phenotype. The results open a new avenue for targeting drug-resistant cells.
Degradation of terrestrial particulate organic matter discharged by rivers in the Mediterranean Sea : processes, interactions and global impacts

La degradation de la matiere organique terrestre intrigue les scientifiques depuis des decennies. Si l’on a longtemps cru qu’elle etait refractaire a toute degradation en mer, il a finalement ete demontre que la signature en matiere organique terrestre dans les sediments cotiers etait tres faible. Afin de mieux comprendre ces processus de degradation, il est crucial d’etudier leur activite de maniere globale, et d’essayer de determiner les mecanismes en jeu. Grâce a un eventail de traceurs lipidiques mis en place dans le but de determiner a la fois l’origine de la matiere organique particulaire et les processus degradatifs qu’elle a subi, les echantillons preleves dans le Rhone ont ete analyses, puis compares avec ceux obtenus dans les zones arctiques et tropicales. Les roles de la photo-oxydation et de l’autoxydation lors du transport fluvial ont ete mis en evidence : si la photo-oxidation est le processus principal de degradation de la matiere organique terrestre dans le fleuve Mackenzie (Canada Arctique), c’est l’autoxydation qui tient le role principal dans l’Amazone. Dans le Rhone, les deux processus n’ont qu’un impact modere sur la matiere en suspension fluviale, mais une autoxydation intense a neanmoins ete observee dans son panache, tout comme dans le panache du Mackenzie.Les analyses supplementaires effectuees sur les echantillons collectes nous ont permis de formuler – et de confirmer – une nouvelle hypothese. Une activite enzymatique lipoxygenase a pu etre observee et quantifiee dans tous les echantillons etudies, a des degres d’activite differents dependant des conditions locales.
Saturation effects of the lower ionosphere based on two‐dimensional HF heating model

This paper presents a two‐dimensional (2‐D) theoretical model of the lower ionospheric heating by high‐frequency (HF) electromagnetic waves. Compared with the traditional one‐dimensional model, we develop the half‐power width of the heating beam into the theoretical formulations, which dictates the 2‐D distribution characteristics of electron temperature and density perturbations; we also introduce the Sodankylä Ion Chemistry (SIC) model. Based on this numerical model, the saturation effect of ionospheric electron temperature and density is investigated, and simulation is performed by heating at a wave frequency of 6 MHz. Results show that because of energy absorption, the electron temperature peaks at 74 km, and the relative increment of electron density peaks at 94 km in the height direction. Conversely, both the maximum perturbations of electron temperature and density appear on the beam center in the horizontal direction. Second, the saturation time of electron temperature initially increases slowly and then rapidly with increased height. Meanwhile, the saturation time of electron density decreases with increased height. In the horizontal aspect, both the saturation time of electron temperature and density are symmetrical at approximately the position of the beam center owing to the initial Gaussian distribution. Electron temperature far from the beam center results in a long saturation time. Conversely, with increased distance from the beam center, the saturation time of electron density decreases.
Exploring the safety and quality of mobile X-ray imaging in a new infectious disease biocontainment unit: an in situ simulation and video-reflexive study

Objectives During a precommissioning inspection of a new biocontainment centre, radiographers noted structural features of quarantine rooms that could compromise staff and patient safety and the X-ray image quality, even after significant modifications had been made to an earlier radiography protocol. The aim of this study was to explore the safety and effectiveness of the modified protocol, in the new space, and identify improvements, if required. Design A qualitative study using in situ simulation and video-reflexive methods. Setting A newly built biocontainment centre, prior to its commissioning in 2021, in a large, tertiary hospital in Sydney, Australia. Participants Five radiographers, and a nurse and a physician from the biocontainment centre, consented to participate. All completed the study. Interventions Two simulated mobile X-ray examinations were conducted in the unit prior to its commissioning; simulations were videoed. Participants and other stakeholders analysed video footage, collaboratively, and sessions were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically. Problems and potential solutions identified were collated and communicated to the hospital executive, for endorsement and actioning, if possible. Results Four themes were identified from the data: infection exposure risks, occupational health and exposure risks, communication and X-ray image quality. Facilitated group reviews of video footage identified several important issues, across these four areas of risk, which had not been identified previously. Conclusions In situ simulation is used, increasingly, to evaluate and improve healthcare practices. This study confirmed the added value of video-reflexive methods, which provided experienced participants with a richer view of a familiar protocol, in a new setting. Video footage can be examined immediately, or later if required, by a broader group of stakeholders, with diverse experience or expertise. Using video reflexivity, clinicians identified potential safety risks, which were collated and reported to the hospital executive, who agreed to implement modifications.
Mitochondrial replacement techniques for treating infertility.

Mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs) usually aim to prevent the genetic transmission of maternally inherited mitochondrial diseases. Until now, only the UK and Australia have implemented specific legal regulations of MRTs. In both countries, clinical trials on these techniques are only permissible for cases with a high risk of severe mitochondrial disease in the offspring. However, these techniques can also be applied to treat infertility, especially for older women with impaired oocyte quality. In some countries without legal regulation of these techniques, MRTs are already offered for this purpose. Yet, this application of MRTs has received insufficient attention in the bioethical literature so far.In this paper, I examine whether there are ethical reasons to prohibit trials on MRTs in the context of infertility when they are permitted for preventing mitochondrial disease. Allowing MRTs in one context but not the other might be justified either because their application in the context of mitochondrial disease (1) is supported by a more convincing evidence base, (2) has a higher potential benefit or (3) has a lower risk. I compare both applications of MRTs with respect to these three factors. I conclude that there is no convincing reason to prohibit clinical trials on MRTs for infertility when they are permitted in the context of mitochondrial disease.
Preclinical Models and Imaging Techniques for Studing Prostate and Colorectal Cancers

Prostat­Kanseri Değişik moleküler özellikler, ilaç yanıtı ve direnç mekanizmaları gösteren çok evreli progresif bir hastalıktır. Hormona duyarlı ve dirençli evre olmak üzere başlıca iki evreye ayrılır ve her iki evrede de metastaz gelişebilir. Prostat kanseri başlangıcında phosphatase and tensin homolog inaktivasyonu ve TMPRSS2-ERG arasında somatik gen birleşmeleri saptanırken, hastalık ilerlerken ekstraselüler sinyalle düzenlenen kinaz/ mitojenle aktifleştirilen protein kinazı yolak mutasyonları ve metastatik süreçlerde EZH2 artışları izlenir. Geç dönemlerde ise hormon yolağını hedef almış ilaçlara karşı, %25’inde de novo diğerlerinde ise sonradan olmak üzere tedavi direnci ortaya çıkar.