Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Widespread genomic signatures of reproductive isolation and sex-specific selection in the Eastern Yellow Robin, Eopsaltria australis

Abstract How new species evolve is one of the most fundamental questions in biology. Population divergence, which may lead to speciation, may be occurring in the Eastern Yellow Robin, a common passerine that lives along the eastern coast of Australia. This species is composed of 2 parapatric lineages that have highly divergent mitochondrial DNA; however, similar levels of divergence have not been observed in the nuclear genome. Here we re-examine the nuclear genomes of these mitolineages to test potential mechanisms underlying the discordance between nuclear and mitochondrial divergence. We find that nuclear admixture occurs in a narrow hybrid zone, although the majority of markers across the genome show evidence of reproductive isolation between populations of opposing mitolineages. There is an 8 MB section of a previously identified putative neo-sex chromosome that is highly diverged between allopatric but not parapatric populations, which may be the result of a chromosomal inversion. The neo-sex chromosomal nature of this region, as well as the geographic patterns in which it exhibits divergence, suggest it is unlikely to be contributing to reproductive isolation through mitonuclear incompatibilities as reported in earlier studies. In addition, there are sex differences in the number of markers that are differentiated between populations of opposite mitolineages, with greater differentiation occurring in females, which are heterozygous, than males. These results suggest that, despite the absence of previously observed assortative mating, mitolineages of Eastern Yellow Robin experience at least some postzygotic isolation from each other, in a pattern consistent with Haldane’s Rule.
Field Dependent Charge Carrier Transport for Organic Semiconductors at the Time of Flight Configuration

In this paper, we used the time-offlight (TOF) of a charge packet, that injected by a voltage pulse to calculate the drift velocity and mobility of holes in organic semiconducting polymers. The technique consists in applying a voltage to the anode and calculating the time delay in the appearance of the injected carriers at the other contact. The method is a simple way to determine the charge transport properties of organic semiconductors. The effect of charge trapping mechanism on the carrier mobility in the organic layer is investigated and it was shown that at higher applied voltage, 100 V, hole mobility increases rapidly in comparison with lower applied voltage (50 V).
High Step up Converter with Voltage Multiplier for Grid Connected PV System

The Distributed Generation (DG) systems based on the renewable energy sources have rapidly developed in recent years. These DG systems are powered by micro sources such as fuel cells, photovoltaic (PV) systems, and batteries. PV distributed system in which the solar source is low dc input voltage. PV sources can also connect in series to obtain sufficient dc voltage for generating actuality voltage; however, it is difficult to realize a series connection of the PV source without incurring a shadow effect. High step-up dc-dc converters are generally used as the frontend converters to step from low voltage (12-40 V) up to high voltage (380-400 V). High step-up dc-dc converters are required to have a large conversion ratio, high efficiency and small volume. A novel high step-up dc-dc converter for a distributed generation system is proposed in this paper. Through a voltage multiplier module, an asymmetrical interleaved high step-up converter obtains high step-up gain without operating at an extreme duty ratio. The voltage multiplier module is composed of a conventional boost converter and coupled inductors. Finally, the prototype circuit with a 40-V input voltage, 380-V output, and 1000- W output power is operated to verify its performance. The highest efficiency is 96.8%. In base paper author discussed only about the High Step up converter, in extension to this work we can use PV source as input to the converter and later the system can be used as a Standalone system or connected to grid and make it as a grid connected system.
Self Organized Criticality in the Neural Networks

Critical self-organization has recently been reported in the neural networks in biological systems. It has been observed that the BTW on scale-free lattices with the degree distribution $p_d(k)\sim k^{-\gamma}$ fits the experiments. In this paper $p_d(k)$ is considered to be uniform in the interval $(0,n_0)$ and a maximum range of connection between nodes is considered (namely $R$). We numerically calculate the exponents of the distribution functions in terms of $(n_0,R)$. Dijkstra radius is also defined for such systems to calculate the fractal dimension of the avalanches. The time dependence of the number of unstable nodes (NUN) is also investigated and it is numerically shown that it can not be continuously approach the regular lattice limit.
Moving Beyond the LGBTQIA+ Acronym

Abstract Purpose The LGBTQIA+ communities experience distinct health disparities and inequities in health outcomes. Healthcare providers must be conscious of factors to facilitate optimal, person-centered care. This narrative briefly covers health disparities in the LGBTQIA+ community and posits strategies to promote inclusive care. Methods Current literature and clinical best practices from several authoritative sources on LGBTQIA+-specific issues and gender-affirming care were reviewed. Sources included several LGBTQIA+-specific healthcare organizations, national healthcare provider organizations, and federal agency policy statements. Inclusive terminology and healthcare practices were included. Results Healthcare providers must educate themselves on caring for gender- and sexual orientation-diverse populations to optimize the health status of these communities. It is essential that providers examine their own potential biases and maintain an openness to learning about LGBTQIA+ communities. Conclusions Healthcare providers have a responsibility to not only understand issues specific to LGBTQIA+ individuals but also advocate for these groups. As nurses, we must continue to support public health policies that seek to end disparities and ensure health equity for all. Clinical Relevance to the Practice of Rehabilitation Nursing Rehabilitation nurses are caring for more diverse populations than ever before and must understand how to provide compassionate, individualized care. Although this article focuses on the LGBTQIA+ community, the principles discussed are applicable across all populations.
Potential loss of clubroot resistance genes from donor parent <i>Brassica rapa</i> subsp. <i>rapifera</i> (<fc>ECD</fc> 04) during doubled haploid production

Clubroot resistance derived from the oilseed rape/canola Brassica napus ‘Mendel’ has been overcome in some fields in Alberta, Canada, by the emergence of ‘new’ strains of the protist Plasmodiophora brassicae. Resistance to the pathogen was assessed in 112 doubled haploid (DH) lines, derived from B. rapa subsp. rapifera (European clubroot differential (ECD) 04). The lines were evaluated against five single-spore isolates representing the ‘old’ pathotypes 2, 3, 5, 6 and 8, and 15 field populations representing new strains of P. brassicae. The disease severity index (ID%) data revealed that none of the DH lines were resistant or moderately resistant to the new pathotype 5X (field populations L-G1, L-G2, LG3) and D-G3, while 3–42% were resistant or moderately resistant to the other 11 new strains. Using the mean ID induced by the old pathotype 3 (approx. 13.5%) as the baseline, clubroot severity increased by 300–600% when inoculated with the new pathotypes. A significant finding of this study was the fact that ECD 04 showed absolute resistance to all of the old and new P. brassicae strains while the B. napus ‘Mendel’, although resistant to all of the old pathotypes, was resistant to only about 50% of the new strains. Similarly, all of the selected clubroot-resistant commercial canola cultivars evaluated in this study were susceptible to 87% of the new P. brassicae strains. The molecular data revealed that the breakdown of clubroot resistance in Mendel and the canola cultivars was in part due to the noninheritance of the Crr1 gene on the A08 chromosome from ECD 04.
Improved pasireotide response in USP8 mutant corticotroph tumours in vitro.

Cushing's disease is a rare, but devastating and difficult to manage condition. The somatostatin analogue pasireotide is the only pituitary targeting pharmaceutical approved for the treatment of Cushing's disease, but is accompanied by varying efficacy and potentially severe side effects. Finding means to predict which patients are more likely to benefit from this treatment, may improve their management. More than half of corticotroph tumours harbour mutations in the USP8 gene and there is evidence of higher somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) expression in the USP8 mutant tumours. Pasireotide has high affinity for SSTR5, indicating that these tumours may be more sensitive to treatment. To test this hypothesis, we examined the inhibitory action of pasireotide on ACTH synthesis in primary cultures of human corticotroph tumour with assessed USP8 mutational status and in immortalized murine corticotroph tumour cells overexpressing human USP8 mutants frequent in Cushing's disease. Our in vitro results demonstrate that pasireotide exerts a higher antisecretory response in USP8 mutant corticotroph tumours. Overexpressing USP8 mutants in a murine corticotroph tumour cell model increased endogenous somatostatin receptor 5 (Sstr5) transcription. The murine Sstr5 promoter has two binding sites for the activating protein 1 (AP-1) and USP8 mutants possibly mediate their action by stimulating AP-1 transcriptional activity. Our data corroborate the USP8 mutational status as a potential marker of pasireotide response and describe a potential mechanism through which USP8 mutants may regulate SSTR5 gene expression.
Dynamic Breathing Buildings to Combat Global Warming

ABSTRACT Dynamic breathing building (DBB) is a new, innovative approach to construction that effectively reduces heat loss / gain through the fabric of a building, delivers pre-tempered ventilation air that has been filtered of Particulate Matter (PM) and reduces the operating and capital costs of the building. By drawing ventilation air in through a permeable Dynamic Insulation (DI) layer it is possible to capture the heat / coolth that flows out of the building and bring it back in to dramatically reduce the energy consumption associated with heating / cooling indoor spaces – i.e., the skin of the building effectively acts as a heat exchanger. The Energyflo™ cell is an innovative, modular DI product that has been developed to enable DBBs to be constructed. Energyflo™ cells have been installed in the roof of a building to demonstrate and evaluate the DBB approach in a full scale domestic setting – a detached family home - at a site in Balerno, Edinburgh (UK). This project, which is supported through the Carbon Trust RD&D Programme,, CALA Homes Ltd and the Environmental Building Partnership (EBP) Ltd, has been well received by construction professionals throughout the UK and in other countries at a time when minds are focused on finding ways to reduce energy use and carbon emissions in the built environment. This paper presents the results from 3-months of pre-occupancy monitoring of the Balerno project house. Further data will be subsequently gathered over a full year of post-occupancy monitoring. In addition, reference is made to the findings from a recent trial in Abu Dhabi (UAE), where the versatility of the DBB approach in cooling mode has been established. To conclude, DBBs can offer step-change reduction in the carbon footprint of any building while at the same time providing generous volumes of fresh, filtered ventilation air to occupants and cleaning up the outdoor environment. The authors encourage developers and architects worldwide, without reservation, to apply DBB principles in their future building projects.
Is 2045 the best we can do? Mitigating the HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer epidemic

ABSTRACT Introduction Oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) will be among the most common cancers in men by 2045 due to a rapid rise in human papillomavirus (HPV)–related OPC. Those who survive their cancer often suffer life-long treatment effects and early death. HPV vaccination could prevent virtually all HPV-related cancers but is not an effective preventive strategy for those already exposed. Without a dramatic increase in vaccine uptake in the U.S., HPV vaccination will have a negligible effect on OPC incidence through 2045 and no substantial impact until 2060. Additionally, targeted screening for earlier diagnosis may soon be feasible for those inadequately protected by vaccination. Areas covered PubMed search for English-language articles related to incidence, screening, and prevention of HPV-related malignancies, focused on OPC in the U.S. Expert opinion HPV-related OPC incidence will continue to increase for the foreseeable future with prophylactic vaccination offering no substantial public health impact for decades. Consequently, we must rapidly increase vaccination rates and develop screening methods to identify high-risk individuals. Such individuals would be eligible for potential preventive treatments and screening to diagnose early-stage HPV-related OPC allowing less morbid treatments. These methods will bridge the population into an era of decreasing incidence after vaccination takes effect.
Live-Action Role Playing for Safety Training: Effectiveness Evaluation in two Italian Companies

Researchers, corporate decision-makers, government agencies, and international bodies want to know how to improve safety and limit the serious social and economic consequences of occupational injuries. Understanding how to deliver effective training is important to achieving this aim. Gamification is considered a new frontier in effective safety training. This study tested the use of gamification in safety training, considering two Italian companies that used a live-action role-play methodology called “PratiCARE la Sicurezza. ” Workers who were required by Italian law to receive safety training or retraining participated in a pre–post study. Collection of measures relating to knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and perception of the health and safety climate took place at baseline and immediately after the intervention. Participants’ average safety knowledge at the end of the training was significantly better than the initial level, indicating that the training improved workers’ knowledge level.
What are the effects of non‐pharmacological treatments for stuttering in children up to 6 years of age? A Cochrane Review summary with commentary

The aim of this commentary is to discuss from a rehabilitation perspective the Cochrane Review ‘Nonpharmacological interventions for stuttering in children 6 years and younger’ by Sjøstrand et al., published by the Cochrane Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems Group. This Cochrane Corner is produced in agreement with Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology by Cochrane Rehabilitation with views of the review summary authors in the ‘implications for practice’ section.
Diagnostic Value of Preoperative Haemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte and Platelet (HALP) Score in Predicting Tumour Budding in Colorectal Cancer.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the value of preoperative haemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score in predicting tumour budding in colorectal carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN Observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY University of Health Sciences, Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital İstanbul/Turkey, between May 2020 and May 2021. METHODOLOGY The colorectal cancer patients who underwent surgery were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of tumour budding. A total of 110 patients were included in the study, and there were 31 patients in group 1 and 79 patients in group 2. The predictive value of the HALP score in predicting tumour budding at the determined cut-off point was evaluated. RESULTS The mean HALP score was similar in both groups (p=0.459). The rate of lymphovascular invasion was higher in group 2 (p=0.002), and T3 and T4 tumours were more common in group 2 (p<0.001). The number of metastatic lymph nodes was higher in group 2 (p=0.049). When the patients in group 2 were divided into subgroups according to the degree of tumour budding, the HALP score differed between intermediate and high budding groups (p=0.032). A HALP value of >31.6 predicted the presence of tumour budding with a sensitivity of 70.89% and a specificity of 48.39%. CONCLUSION The presence of tumour budding is associated with aggressive phenotypic features in colorectal carcinoma. The preoperative prediction of tumour budding can serve as a guide in the development of individualised therapy plans. The HALP score was associated with the presence of intermediate or high degree of tumour budding. KEY WORDS Colorectal cancer, Tumor, Pathology, Hemoglobin, Albumin.
Bright Light Increases Alertness and Not Cortisol in Healthy Men: A Forced Desynchrony Study Under Dim and Bright Light (I)

Light-induced improvements in alertness are more prominent during nighttime than during the day, suggesting that alerting effects of light may depend on internal clock time or wake duration. Relative contributions of both factors can be quantified using a forced desynchrony (FD) designs. FD designs have only been conducted under dim light conditions (<10 lux) since light above this amount can induce non-uniform phase progression of the circadian pacemaker (also called relative coordination). This complicates the mathematical separation of circadian clock phase from homeostatic sleep pressure effects. Here we investigate alerting effects of light in a novel 4 × 18 h FD protocol (5 h sleep, 13 h wake) under dim (6 lux) and bright light (1300 lux) conditions. Hourly saliva samples (melatonin and cortisol assessment) and 2-hourly test sessions were used to assess effects of bright light on subjective and objective alertness (electroencephalography and performance). Results reveal (1) stable free-running cortisol rhythms with uniform phase progression under both light conditions, suggesting that FD designs can be conducted under bright light conditions (1300 lux), (2) subjective alerting effects of light depend on elapsed time awake but not circadian clock phase, while (3) light consistently improves objective alertness independent of time awake or circadian clock phase. Reconstructing the daily time course by combining circadian clock phase and wake duration effects indicates that performance is improved during daytime, while subjective alertness remains unchanged. This suggests that high-intensity indoor lighting during the regular day might be beneficial for mental performance, even though this may not be perceived as such.
Modification of flavonoids: methods and influences on biological activities

Abstract Flavonoids are important active ingredients in plant-based food, which have many beneficial effects on health. But the low solubility, poor oral bioavailability, and inferior stability of many flavonoids may limit their applications in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Structural modification can overcome these shortcomings to improve and extend the application of flavonoids. The study of how to modify flavonoids and the influence of various modifications on biological activity have drawn great interest in the current literature. In this review, the working principles and operating conditions of modification methods were summarized along with their potential and limitations in terms of operational safety, cost, and productivity. The influence of various modifications on biological activities and the structure–activity relationships of flavonoids derivatives were discussed and highlighted, which may give guidance for the synthesis of highly effective active agents. In addition, the safety of flavonoids derivatives is reviewed, and future research directions of flavonoid modification research are discussed.
Broadband RCS Reduction Using a Composite AMC Structure

A composite artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface with magneto-dielectric substrate is presented for wide band radar cross section (RCS) reduction. It is shown that using of magneto-dielectric substrate can increase the in-phase reflection bandwidth of AMC structures. The composite surface consists of two kinds of AMC cells that operates at different resonance frequencies. The phase difference between these two different AMC are tuned to be close to 180 degree over a wide bandwidth so that the reflections from them cells cancel each other. The results show that RCS reduction more than 13 dB was achieved with a 93% bandwidth.
The Time Course of Language Production as Revealed by Pattern Classification of MEG Sensor Data

Language production involves a complex set of computations, from conceptualization to articulation, which are thought to engage cascading neural events in the language network. However, recent neuromagnetic evidence suggests simultaneous meaning-to-speech mapping in picture naming tasks, as indexed by early parallel activation of frontotemporal regions to lexical semantic, phonological, and articulatory information. Here we investigate the time course of word production, asking to what extent such “earliness” is a distinctive property of the associated spatiotemporal dynamics. Using MEG, we recorded the neural signals of 34 human subjects (26 males) overtly naming 134 images from four semantic object categories (animals, foods, tools, clothes). Within each category, we covaried word length, as quantified by the number of syllables contained in a word, and phonological neighborhood density to target lexical and post-lexical phonological/phonetic processes. Multivariate pattern analyses searchlights in sensor space distinguished the stimulus-locked spatiotemporal responses to object categories early on, from 150 to 250 ms after picture onset, whereas word length was decoded in left frontotemporal sensors at 250-350 ms, followed by the latency of phonological neighborhood density (350-450 ms). Our results suggest a progression of neural activity from posterior to anterior language regions for the semantic and phonological/phonetic computations preparing overt speech, thus supporting serial cascading models of word production. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Current psycholinguistic models make divergent predictions on how a preverbal message is mapped onto articulatory output during the language planning. Serial models predict a cascading sequence of hierarchically organized neural computations from conceptualization to articulation. In contrast, parallel models posit early simultaneous activation of multiple conceptual, phonological, and articulatory information in the language system. Here we asked whether such earliness is a distinctive property of the neural dynamics of word production. The combination of the millisecond precision of MEG with multivariate pattern analyses revealed subsequent onset times for the neural events supporting semantic and phonological/phonetic operations, progressing from posterior occipitotemporal to frontal sensor areas. The findings bring new insights for refining current theories of language production.