Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactions between smoking, increased serum levels of anti-CCP antibodies, rheumatoid factors, and erosive joint disease in patients with early, untreated rheumatoid arthritis

Objectives: To determine to what extent shared epitopes, smoking, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies are associated with disease activity and erosive disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at disease onset. Method: RA patients not previously treated with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and with a disease duration of < 6 months (CIMESTRA study) were examined for shared epitopes, anti-CCP antibodies, immunoglobulin M rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF) and IgA-RF, radiographic erosive changes in hands and feet, and clinical disease activity. Results: The study comprised 153 patients, of whom 104 (68%) were ever-smokers. The prevalence of patients with 0, 1, or 2 shared epitopes was 40 (48%), 71 (49%), and 33 (23%), respectively. Anti-CCP antibodies, IgM-RF, and IgA-RF were present in 89 (58%), 99 (65%), and 82 (54%) patients, respectively. Among smokers, erosive disease was associated with anti-CCP antibodies [odds ratio (OR) 3.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6–9.3], IgM-RF (OR 4.9, 95% CI 1.9–12), and IgA-RF (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.2–6.4) but absent with regard to shared epitopes. Among never-smokers, erosive disease was not associated with either shared epitopes or antibodies. All antibody levels measured were associated with smoking and shared epitopes. Conclusions: Shared epitopes and smoking were associated with the production of anti-CCP antibodies and rheumatoid factors of IgM and IgA isotypes, which again were associated with erosive disease at presentation only in smokers. As shared epitopes and smoking were not directly associated with erosive disease, smoking may enhance the development of erosive disease in RA at different levels or through separate pathways.
Sexual Initiation: Predictors and Developmental Trends

Background Early initiation of sexual intercourse is associated with increased risk for acquiring sexually transmitted diseases. Goal To examine variables related to sexual initiation and developmental changes in the reasons why adolescent girls have sexual intercourse. Study Design A longitudinal study of girls recruited from an adolescent medicine clinic was performed. Results Logistic regression showed that girls who described their families as being expressive, having a moral-religious emphasis, providing supervision, and having greater maternal education, and who experienced menarche at an older age were older at sexual initiation. On the basis of contingency analyses, younger girls were less likely to report attraction or love, and more likely to report peers having sex as a reason for sexual intercourse at initiation. A generalized estimating equation analysis indicated that girls at younger ages are more likely to report curiosity, a grown-up feeling, partner pressure, and friends having sexual intercourse as reasons for intercourse. Girls at older ages are more likely to report a feeling of being in love, physical attraction, too excited to stop, drunk or high partner, and feeling romantic as reasons for having sexual intercourse. Conclusions Prevention programs should include a focus on familial characteristics and susceptibility to peer norms. They should be conducted with sensitivity to the developmental changes in intimate relationships that occur during adolescence.
Patients with chronic periodontitis present increased risk for osteoporosis: A population‐based cohort study in Taiwan

OBJECTIVES Chronic periodontitis is a bone destructive inflammatory disease with an adverse impact on general health and suggested underlying factors in common with osteoporosis. A few studies have examined the possible relationship between chronic periodontitis and osteoporosis; however, the results remain inconclusive. This longitudinal follow-up study investigated the possible risk of patients with chronic periodontitis to present osteoporosis by using a population-based national health insurance data set in Taiwan. MATERIAL AND METHODS A random sample consisting of 1 million individuals was collected from Taiwan's national health insurance data set. From the sample, a total of 29 463 patients with newly diagnosed periodontitis from 2002 to 2008 were recruited and compared with a matched cohort of 58 926 patients without periodontitis. All patients were tracked until an osteoporosis diagnosis, or death, until the end of 2011. Associated factors, such as gender, age and comorbidities were examined. Cox proportional-hazards regression was performed to examine the risk of osteoporosis for patients with or without periodontitis. RESULTS Within the 6-year follow-up period, the incidence rates of osteoporosis in the periodontitis cohort and comparison group were 2.72 and 1.66 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Mild, moderate and severe periodontitis were found to have 1.56, 2.09 and 2.08 times the risk of osteoporosis respectively compared to patients without periodontitis. Log-rank analysis revealed that patients with periodontitis had significantly higher cumulative incidence rates of osteoporosis than the control group (P<.0001). CONCLUSION This study found that patients with periodontitis had a higher risk of being diagnosed with osteoporosis.
A Practical Approach to International Monetary System Reform: Building Settlement Infrastructure for Regional Currencies

The squeeze in US dollar liquidity that emerged with the global financial crisis highlighted the risks associated with the current global financial system. Asia was adversely affected by the crisis not only because of its dependence on trade, but also because of its heavy reliance on the US dollar for regional and international transactions. As Asia’s role in the global economy expands further, its dependence on the US dollar is bound to increase, raising even more its vulnerability to future liquidity shocks. The use of regional currencies for bilateral trade settlement could reduce such vulnerability. As demonstrated by the renminbi trade settlement scheme piloted between the People’s Republic of China and Hong Kong, China, the existence of appropriate financial infrastructure could reduce the relatively larger costs of bilateral currency transactions compared with triangular transactions through the US dollar. As most central banks are securities depositories of government bonds, combining trade settlement with government bond securities settlement can also have large synergy effects without much extra costs. This proposal does not require full liberalization of the capital account or full deregulation of capital markets, and is more politically feasible in transition. As such, extending the trade settlement scheme to the rest of Asia and appending a government bond payment and securities settlement system could be a practical solution to international monetary system reform and the diversification of settlement currencies.
Momentum Strategies for Equity versus Derivatives: Application to Asia Portfolio Management

This paper provides practical insight on the returns generated by momentum strategies in both the physical equity and derivative markets, specifically looking at warrants and options listed in six selected Asian Capital markets, namely (in alphabetical order), Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, and Taiwan. Selection is based on the volume and density of transactions. We explore the feasibility of applying momentum strategies in constructing a well-diversified Asian portfolio while achieving profit maximization in all market conditions. Our results show that momentum profits are generally quite substantial across our six selected Asian capital markets for both equity and equity derivatives investment and more profitable for derivative markets than the underlying equity markets. We find that momentum investing is indeed less volatile than outright investing. Also, momentum investing is generally less correlated when Asian markets experience both positive and negative returns. We find weaker co-movement between the equity and equity derivative momentums than outright investing in both equity and equity derivatives instruments and correlations between equities investing are highest across the Asian countries. We show that the inclusion of equity derivatives in a portfolio is not redundant and by adding momentum equity derivatives in the portfolio, we indeed create a well-diversified Asian portfolio with significant positive returns. Profit maximization is better achieved by combining mainly the outright equities positions in our Asian portfolio than by investing in momentum strategies (the return from outright investing is much higher than from momentum investing). A well-diversified Asian portfolio is best created when it comprises momentum investments (the returns are superior and significant).
Cross-National Comparison of Social Support Structures between Taiwan and the United States∗

The study compares the effects of structural bases and functional elements of social support on mental health in Taiwan and the United States, using the study conducted in the United States by Lin, Ye, and Ensel (1999) as a reference. Based on a nationally representative sample of Taiwanese adults (n = 2,835), a fundamental similarity in social support structure and function between the two countries was observed. First, the structural bases of social support had a hierarchical order in their effects on depression: Binding (presence of an intimate relationship) was the strongest in reducing depression, whereas belonging (community participation) was the weakest, with bonding (social networks) in between. Regarding the functional elements, perceived social support was a better protector of mental health than actual social support, a finding in line with previous research. On the other hand, several notable differences in the structural bases and functional elements of social support between the two societies were observed, possibly due to the differential cultural and historical characteristics.
Autoantibodies to the survival of motor neuron complex in a patient with necrotizing autoimmune myopathy.

SIR, necrotizing autoimmune myopathies (NAMs) are a subset of autoimmune inflammatory myopathies characterized by proximal muscle weakness and distinctive pathology that is usually associated with autoantibodies to signal recognition particles (SRPs) and HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR). [1 4]. We report the case of a previously healthy 27-year-old female with a 5 month history of arthritis and RP diagnosed by her general practitioner in an outpatient setting. At that time, her workup consisted of an RF that was slightly elevated at 22 kU/l (normal <20 kU/l), but anti-CCP and CRP were within normal limits. No therapeutic intervention was prescribed at that time and no further workup was completed until she presented to hospital 5 months later following gastroenteritis of undetermined aetiology accompanied by mild weakness. At that time her ANA was highly positive on HEp-2 substrate (titre 1:5120) with coarse nuclear speckled and nuclear dots staining patterns. Further testing revealed a high anti-U1-RNP titre and elevated creatine kinase (1729 U/l). A electromyogram in three separate muscle groups showed normal recruitment, no denervation and normal motor units with no myopathic units noted. One area of a single positive sharp wave was noted in the iliopsoas muscle. At presentation, her medications included birth control pills and occasional naproxen for joint pain. She had no known exposures to statins. Her only relevant family history included maternal Graves’ disease. She was treated with prednisone 15 mg orally twice daily and HCQ and completely recovered in 4 days. Pulmonary function testing during this admission showed a reduction in her diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide at 75% of the predicted value. She was admitted to hospital 30 days later with progressive proximal muscle weakness and respiratory distress. A CT scan of her chest was reported as unremarkable, with no evidence of pulmonary embolism or interstitial lung disease. A muscle biopsy showed diffusely scattered necrotizing and regenerating myofibres, histiocytic but minimal lymphocytic inflammation, upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class 1 and sarcolemmal deposition of complement (C5b-9), compelling evidence for the diagnosis of NAM. She received high-dose pulse corticosteroids and IVIG, but decompensated on her sixth day of admission and required intubation for respiratory failure. Her creatine kinase rose to >23 000 U/l. Plasmapheresis and CYC were initiated, but despite maximal intervention, she was diagnosed with disseminated intravascular coagulation, developed pulseless electrical activity cardiac arrest and died on day 14 after her
Geopolitical Turmoil and G7 Renewable Electricity Production: Impacts of the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict

This paper scrutinizes the transformation in the electricity production structures of G7 nations in the wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The inquiry centers on discerning shifts in the trajectory of energy production, particularly toward more sustainable and secure sources. With the imposition of economic sanctions against the Russian economy, an anticipatory transition from combustible fuels to renewable energy sources within G7 countries is envisaged. An empirical investigation is conducted utilizing panel data analysis of energy data across the G7. First and second-generation unit root tests have been used. Cointegration tests and the Vector Error Correction Model have been applied to see short-term and long-term relationships between renewable energy-sourced electricity production and combustible energy-sourced electricity production. Additionally, predictive modeling, employing SARIMA and Machine Learning model (Prophet) with Python, is employed to forecast future trends in energy production. This comprehensive analysis sheds light on the profound impact of geopolitical events on the energy landscape of influential global economies. The results of the econometrics and predictive models show that there is a significant effect of Russia-Ukrainian conflicts on electricity production in favor of more secure and clean energy. This trend change in renewable energy-sourced electricity production should fortify more regulatory aspects.
‘Making the Space’: A Sociological Perspective on Sport and its Facilities

There is a grow in^ interest aiiion~st scholars’ to study sport stadiLiins, sport arenas, sport grounds, sport facilities and sport surroundings i n terms of ‘space’, ‘place’ and ‘landscape’. ’ Indeed, such scholarly intcrcst has inanifcstcd itself in a doriblc issue of the lntcrna~ional Rcvicw of Sport Sociology. “ Several topics arc adcircsscd in this study within these identified coiiccpts. Whilst it is not possible to provide an exhaustive account of the status of research in this field hcrc, soinc interesting and representative studies on these issues can bc noted briefly. Bale identifies tcn ways of conccptualizing the landscape of sport. ’ Elscwhcre, the r ~ t i ( ~ ~ z ~ ~ ~ ~ z a t t ~ ~ n of this landscape is the main theme.” Raik, for example, views the places o f sport within a complex landssc~q~e n.wmIdi> and discusses how the sporting cvcnl, the bport place and the cnvironincnt intcracl to contribute to a totality of cxp~ricnccs.~ Other scholars discuss how ~novcvrze~zf,~ arc influcnccd by the space,’ and how the rcsiilting experiences are imprinted ~117011 body and mind.” Scvcral studies focus on how individuals cxpericncc Faclcilitics, either as an iritcractioii of hod’, ~ t ) v ~ ~ r n c ~ ~ t , s and ~ r ~ . h ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i r e ~ with consequences for identity and socialization,“’ or how certain facilities may elicit a feeling or ‘topophilia’, that is, ‘love of a place’” or as a ‘Genius loci’,I2 that is ‘a scnsc of place’. In a few studies, the conscq~icnccs of the architecture o f sport stadiuins for the lives of pcoplc outside the sttadiurns, as well as for those who i h d thcinselvcs inside, attending competitions and games, arc investigated. ” Dunning disciisscs sport and sport facilities in Iight of the process of civilizulion, and how this proccss manifests itself at both individual and societal A number ofothcr studies are concerned with how to plan arzd c ~ ? n ~ s t r u ~ ~ sport facilities such that aesthetick5 and sensuo~~s aspectsl”are applied. Finally, thcre arc those studies that discuss how dilapidated facilities or stadiuins might be renewed in order to accoininodate new needsI7 and, in some cases, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e ~ ~ e ~ to multifiinctional facilities. ’% These studies offer valuable insights into different aspects of sport facilities in the broadest sense. Several important issucs, however, have not been discussed in suf~~ciciit depth. First, important concepts like
On the Attainable Set for Temple Class Systems with Boundary Controls

Consider the initial-boundary value problem for a strictly hyperbolic, genuinely nonlinear, Temple class system of conservation laws \begin{equation}\label{eq:1} u_t+f(u)_x=0, \qquad u(0,x)=\ov u(x), \qquad \left\{ \begin{array}{@{\! \! \! \! \! \! }ll} &u(t,a)=\widetilde u_a(t), \\[2pt] &u(t,b)=\widetilde u_b(t), \end{array} \right. \end{equation}} on the domain $\Omega=\{(t,x)\in\R^2:t\geq 0,\ a\le x\leq b\}$. We study the mixed problem (\ref{eq:1}) from the point of view of control theory, taking the initial data $\overline u$ fixed and regarding the boundary data $\widetilde u_a$, $\widetilde u_b$ as control functions that vary in prescribed sets $\U_a$, $\U_b$, of $\li$ boundary controls. In particular, we consider the family of configurations $$ \A(T)\doteq\{u(T,\cdot);\ u \mbox{ is a sol. to }(\ref{eq:1}),\ \widetilde u_a\in \U_a,\ \widetilde u_b\in\U_b\} $$ that can be attained by the system at a given time $T>0$, and we give a description of the attainable set $\A(T)$ in terms of suitable Oleinik-type conditions. We also establish closure and compactness of the set $\A(T)$ in the $\lu$ topology.
An evidence‐based proposal for the classification of neuropsychiatric disturbance in Alzheimer's disease

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Addressing near-surface for cast biases : outcomes of th ECMWF proj ct ‘ Understanding uncertainties in surface-atmosphere exchange ’ ( USURF )

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