Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on vehicle detection in foggy weather based on improved YOLOv5 algorithm

In order to reduce the probability of vehicle rear end collision accident in foggy weather, and in accordance with the background of accelerating the development of automobile safety industry with artificial intelligence technology, a vehicle recognition, detection and voice early warning based on improved yolov5 algorithm is proposed. Firstly, adaptive convolution is introduced into convolution neural network to enhance the feature extraction ability of target in the process of training network model, and then improve the expression ability of neural network for important feature channels, especially for small target recognition and detection; Then, considering the real-time nature of detection and early warning, the neck detection layer in yolov5s network is cut and optimized to improve the reasoning speed of the network model. Finally, through the comparative analysis of the evaluation indexes such as the accuracy, recall and map of the training model, and the test of the scene pictures of the actual driver's perspective in foggy weather, it is verified that the improved yolov5 algorithm can improve the detection ability and reasoning speed of small target vehicles. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the improved yolov5 algorithm is as high as 97% and the reasoning speed is improved by 1/3. The driver can be warned in real time to reduce the probability of rear end collision accidents.
A Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Refractive Index Sensor on a Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton Waveguide

In this paper, we experimentally and numerically confirm a planar Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) device for sensing dielectric samples based on a spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) waveguide. The MZI system is constructed using two different ultrathin transmission lines with distinct dispersion units supporting SSPPs. After SSPPs propagate a certain propagation distance, a resonant dip is formed at a specific frequency due to destructive interference, whose displacement enables the SSPP to be modulated by one of the MZI arms loaded with dielectric samples. We investigate how the variations in the permittivity and thickness of dielectric samples affect the sensibility. Through an error analysis between the experimental measurements and numerical calculations, it is demonstrated that the plasmonic sensor based on the MZI has a high precision. The proposed technique is compact and robust and paves a versatile route toward the chip-scale functional devices in microwave circuits.
High-energy spin excitations in heavily electron-doped Pr1?xLaCexCuO4

We performed neutron scattering measurements on the overdoped sample of electron-doped superconductor Pr0.83LaCe0. 17CuO4 (Tc~16 K) to clarify an overall spin excitation spectrum. Clear commensurate low-energy spin fluctuations were observed at the (π, π) reciprocal position below ~10 meV. With increasing energy transfer, the width of commensurate peak drastically broadens and the intensity rapidly decreases. However, magnetic scattering intensities at high-energy region around 100 meV were confirmed to exist. These results are quantitatively same with those obtained for optimally-doped Pr0.89LaCe0. 11CuO4, while the broadening of peak-width against energy transfer is more marked and the intensities at high-energy region are weaker in the present overdoped sample. Detailed comparison of excitation spectra with the optimally-doped sysmte is given.
How Functional Lipids Affect the Structure and Gating of Mechanosensitive MscS-like Channels

The ability to cope with and adapt to changes in the environment is essential for all organisms. Osmotic pressure is a universal threat when environmental changes result in an imbalance of osmolytes inside and outside the cell which causes a deviation from the normal turgor. Cells have developed a potent system to deal with this stress in the form of mechanosensitive ion channels. Channel opening releases solutes from the cell and relieves the stress immediately. In bacteria, these channels directly sense the increased membrane tension caused by the enhanced turgor levels upon hypoosmotic shock. The mechanosensitive channel of small conductance, MscS, from Escherichia coli is one of the most extensively studied examples of mechanically stimulated channels. Different conformational states of this channel were obtained in various detergents and membrane mimetics, highlighting an intimate connection between the channel and its lipidic environment. Associated lipids occupy distinct locations and determine the conformational states of MscS. Not all these features are preserved in the larger MscS-like homologues. Recent structures of homologues from bacteria and plants identify common features and differences. This review discusses the current structural and functional models for MscS opening, as well as the influence of certain membrane characteristics on gating.
Determining the Priority Element in Safety Management System of Public Transport with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

Safety Management of Public Transport Company (SMK-PAU) has become mandatory for all transportation service providers. SMK-PAU has ten elements of management systems. This present study aims to illustrate how the ten elements are employed. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to determine which of the ten elements is a priority in the Safety Management of Transportation Company in accordance with Transportation Ministerial Regulation No 85 of 2018 concerning the Safety Management of Public Transport Company based on the respondent group. The respondents were academics, regulators, and operators of public transport. The finding revealed that the precedence element was the element of hazard and risk management as well as the enhancement of competency and training.
Defense-in-Depth Security for Industrial Control Systems

There are three core goals of cybersecurity: confidentiality, integrity, and availability. They are commonly known as the security triad, or CIA. Confidentiality is the idea that information can be kept secret and known only to those people or systems who need that information to perform their duties. Integrity is the idea the information is valid and verifiably correct. Availability is the idea that a system or data is running or available when it is needed. To obtain true security, all three of these core concepts are required. Grouping an industrial control system (ICS) into zones of security is a logical way to begin planning for availability, integrity, and confidentiality in the system. First, we break the system into three regions: 1) the analog data and devices region, 2) the region encompassing devices with machine-to-machine communications, and 3) a region where humans interact with the system. The second of these, the machines-only region, we further separate into three zones based on the application and function of the devices therein. The first or lowest zone is analog and includes devices that directly interact with the analog region and perform real-time monitoring and issue corrective instructions. The second machine-only zone performs non-real-time automated functions such as event collection and upstream reporting. The third machine-only zone is the barrier that deters humans from directly interacting with the first two zones. Each of these regions and zones has specific considerations for the operations and security of that zone and, therefore, the entire system. By logically breaking up the network in this fashion, we are able to apply security tools, techniques, and procedures to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability required at each of the individual devices or levels. We are also able to take advantage of the network itself to support our security. Finally, this system allows us to consider methods for implementing security, not only in newly commissioned ICSs but also in existing ICSs, by identifying and prioritizing critical regions.
MAGNETIC FIELDS AND VACUUM POLARIZATION AT THE PLANCK ERA

The one-loop effective action describing polarization of the vacuum due to virtual electron-positron pairs in the Maxwell theory of electromagnetism was obtained by Heisenberg and Euler, in the limit of a background field that is constant on the scale of the electron Compton-wavelength. The case of vanishing electric field and constant, ultra-strong magnetic field B≫Bc, where , yields a configuration whose energy density is less than that of the equivalent radiation field, suggesting why a magnetic field may be present in the early Universe back to the Planck era. For there is a similar but larger effect, allowing a "ferromagnetic" Yang–Mills vacuum state, in the grand-unified theory at temperatures , analyzed by Skalozub. Some further aspects of ultra-strong magnetic fields are discussed vis-a-vis the origin of the Galactic field Bg.
Serum Amyloid Beta Precursor Protein, Neurofilament Light, and Visinin-like Protein-1 in Rugby Players: An Exploratory Study

Concussion diagnosis is difficult and may be improved with the addition of a blood-based biomarker that indicates concussion. The purpose of this research was to investigate the capability of serum amyloid beta precursor protein (APP), neurofilament light (NfL), and visinin-like protein-1 (VILIP-1) to distinguish athletes who were diagnosed with a concussion pitch-side. An observational cross-sectional study design was used to replicate sideline concussion diagnosis. Subjects included mutually exclusive pre-match (n = 9), post-match (n = 15), and SRC (n = 7) groups. Six paired pre-and post-match subjects were analyzed for APP. APP increased significantly from pre-match (mean = 57.98 pg·mL−1, SD = 63.21 pg·mL−1) to post-match (mean = 111.37 pg·mL−1, SD = 106.89 pg·mL−1, p = 0.048) in the paired subjects. NfL was lower in the SRC group (median = 8.71 pg·mL−1, IQR = 6.09 pg·mL−1) compared to the post-match group (median = 29.60 pg·mL−1, IQR = 57.45 pg·mL−1, p < 0.001). VILIP-1 was higher in the post-match group (median = 212.18 pg·mL−1, IQR = 345.00 pg·mL−1) compared to both the pre-match (median = 32.63 pg·mL−1, IQR = 52.24 pg·mL−1), p = 0.001) and SRC (median = 30.21 pg·mL−1, IQR = 47.20 pg·mL−1), p = 0.003) groups. APP, NfL, and VILIP-1 were all able to distinguish between pre-match and post-match groups (AUROC > 0.700) but not from the SRC group (AUROC < 0.660). Our results show that APP, NfL, and VILIP-1 were not helpful in differentiating concussed from non-concussed athletes pitch-side in this study.
Transcriptome Dynamics of Rooting Zone and Leaves during In Vitro Adventitious Root Formation in Eucalyptus nitens

Wood properties and agronomic traits associated with fast growth and frost tolerance make Eucalyptus nitens a valuable forest alternative. However, the rapid age-related decline in the adventitious root (AR) formation (herein, meaning induction, initiation, and expression stages) limits its propagation. We analyzed transcriptomic profile variation in leaves and stem bases during AR induction of microcuttings to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in AR formation. In addition, we quantified expressions of candidate genes associated with recalcitrance. We delimited the ontogenic phases of root formation using histological techniques and Scarecrow and Short-Root expression quantification for RNA sequencing sample collection. We quantified the gene expressions associated with root meristem formation, auxin biosynthesis, perception, signaling, conjugation, and cytokinin signaling in shoots harvested from 2- to 36-month-old plants. After IBA treatment, 702 transcripts changed their expressions. Several were involved in hormone homeostasis and the signaling pathways that determine cell dedifferentiation, leading to root meristem formation. In part, the age-related decline in the rooting capacity is attributable to the increase in the ARR1 gene expression, which negatively affects auxin homeostasis. The analysis of the transcriptomic variation in the leaves and rooting zones provided profuse information: (1) To elucidate the auxin metabolism; (2) to understand the hormonal and signaling processes involved; (3) to collect data associated with their recalcitrance.
The honest attitude of fifth-grade students in thematic learning: Research for the development of an assessment instrument

The goal of this study was to develop a reliable honest attitude assessment instrument for use with students. The Borg and Gall stages were adopted in this research and development. Seven elementary schools in the Pagelaran Subdistrict, Lampung Province, Indonesia that had adopted the 2013 Curriculum made up the population, whereas one school was randomly selected for the research sample. Data were collected via interviews, questionnaires, observation sheets, and documents, in which the collected data were analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results show that the honest attitude assessment instrument created is of a very good quality. The increasing average score served as evidence for this. The average value of the two expert validations was evaluated, and the results were 3.75, which were rated as very good.
Profil Kreativitas Mahasiswa Calon Guru dalam Membuat Mainan Fisika

Creativity is a pattern of student behavior that is active, has great curiosity, cannot be silent about one thing, and has the urge to develop in oneself and others. This study aims to describe the creativity of student physics teacher candidates through physics toy project-based learning. Physics toys are chosen by the students themselves with the minimum requirement that they are made of one used material. Students are required to explain what physics concepts can be explained through the toy. The result is that 75% of students make toys from bottled drinking water and 83% of the videos are uploaded on YouTube. The level of creativity of students is classified as creative with an average score of 2.1. This level of creativity still needs to be improved to produce highly creative and excellent teacher candidates.Keywords: creativity, physics toys, project-based learning.
Simply structured controllers for parameter varying distributed systems

This paper presents a systematic approach to the synthesis of simply structured controllers for large scale parameter varying distributed systems. The design and optimization procedure consists of two loops. In an inner loop, an efficient LMI-based optimization algorithm is used to evaluate the closed-loop performance. The outer loop uses evolutionary operators to iteratively search for the parameters of a controller network that achieves the best performance. For the purpose of performance evaluation, new sufficient LMI conditions are presented to find the induced norm of such systems. The conservatism of the analysis is reduced by the use of parameter dependent Lyapunov functions and by taking bounds on the parameter variation rates into account. Since the control algorithms are implemented on digital computers, the results are presented for discrete time and discrete space systems. The problem posed in this form is infinite dimensional, a gridding algorithm is also proposed to convert it into a finite dimensional problem. The approach is illustrated with two applications: active vibration control of a cantilever, and position control of a seismic cable. These examples illustrate that the performance analysis condition presented here is less conservative than previously presented LMI conditions. It is also demonstrated that the approach can be used to systematically design simply structured low-order controllers, while satisfying all performance requirements.
Ethylene Response Factor MaERF012 Modulates Fruit Ripening by Regulating Chlorophyll Degradation and Softening in Banana

Ethylene response factors (ERFs) are one of largest plant-specific transcription factor families involved in fruit ripening. However, the regulatory mechanism by which ERFs modulate fruit yellowing and softening remains unknown in banana. We previously found that the transcription of MaERF012 was closely related to ‘Fenjiao’ banana fruit ripening. Herein, we found that MaERF012 was differentially expressed in the fruit pulp and peel and was closely related to fruit ripening. MaERF012 activated the promoter activity of one chlorophyll degradation gene (MaSGR1), two starch degradation genes (MaGWD1 and MaAMY3), and three cell wall degradation genes (MaPL8, MaEXP-A8, and MaXYL23-like), which were tested by EMSA, Y1H, and DLR. Transient overexpression of MaERF012 accelerates fruit ripening by promoting fruit yellowing and softening by up-regulating the transcription of chlorophyll, starch, and cell wall degradation genes. Over-expression of MaERF012 alters the transcriptome profiles of the fruit peel and pulp, and the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, biosynthesis of secondary metabolism, and fructose and mannose metabolism. Overall, the data showed that MaERF012 acts as a transcriptional activator by regulating fruit ripening by activating the transcription of chlorophyll, starch, and cell wall degradation genes.
Development of an ASIC employing delta-sigma digitization for readout of x-ray CCDs

X-ray CCDs have superior spatial resolution of ~20μm and moderate energy resolution of ~130 eV(FWHM) at 5.9 keV. On the other hand, the number of pixels assigned to each readout node is generally so large that it takes several seconds to process a frame data of the entire chip. Relatively low pixel readout rate in order to keep readout noise low also limits the timing resolution of X-ray CCDs. Although a large number of readout nodes is essential to improve the timing resolution, size and power consumption of conventional readout circuits prevent us from being implemented in X-ray CCD camera systems onboard satellites. We are developing an application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) for multi readout of X-ray CCD signals. The ASIC with the size of 3mm×3mm has four channels of readout electronics that employs the delta-sigma (ΔΣ) digitization. The fabrication process is a 0. 35μm complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process provided by Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). The equivalent input noise was about 33μV and the power consumption was about 70mW per chip at the pixel rate of 44 kHz. When we used the X-ray CCD whose sensitivity was 3 μV/e-, the equivalent noise charge was 10.8e- and the energy resolution was 168 eV(FWHM) at 5.9 keV. The noise level of our ASIC is comparable to that of the conventional readout systems.
Guided electromagnetic waves in a curved rectangular mine tunnel

The transmission of VHF electromagnetic waves in a curved mine tunnel is analyzed using an idealized model in a cylindrical geometry. The tunnel cross section is assumed to be rectangular and the broad curved walls are imperfectly reflecting. The computations of the modal characteristics are facilitated by using a modified Airy function approximation of the rigorous cylindrical wave functions. The results indicated that the curvature of such tunnels will seriously increase the attenuation of the dominant low-order modes that are used for communications.
Unique continuation of boundary over-determined Stokes and Oseeneigenproblems

We provide several radically different proofs of the following unique continuation result: The Oseen eigenvalue problem with over-determined homogeneous Cauchy data for the velocity field on the boundary implies the zero solution, at least if the equilibrium solution is sufficiently 'small. ' In particular, this unique continuation result from over-determined boundary data holds true for the Stokes problem.
Improved advection, resolution, performance, and community access in the new generation (version 13) of the high-performance GEOS-Chem global atmospheric chemistry model (GCHP)

Abstract. We describe a new generation of the high-performance GEOS-Chem (GCHP) global model of atmospheric composition developed as part of the GEOS-Chem version 13 series. GEOS-Chem is an open-source grid-independent model that can be used online within a meteorological simulation or offline using archived meteorological data. GCHP is an offline implementation of GEOS-Chem driven by NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) meteorological data for massively parallel simulations. Version 13 offers major advances in GCHP for ease of use, computational performance, versatility, resolution, and accuracy. Specific improvements include (i) stretched-grid capability for higher resolution in user-selected regions, (ii) more accurate transport with new native cubed-sphere GEOS meteorological archives including air mass fluxes at hourly temporal resolution with spatial resolution up to C720 (∼ 12 km), (iii) easier build with a build system generator (CMake) and a package manager (Spack), (iv) software containers to enable immediate model download and configuration on local computing clusters, (v) better parallelization to enable simulation on thousands of cores, and (vi) multi-node cloud capability. The C720 data are now part of the operational GEOS forward processing (GEOS-FP) output stream, and a C180 (∼ 50 km) consistent archive for 1998–present is now being generated as part of a new GEOS-IT data stream. Both of these data streams are continuously being archived by the GEOS-Chem Support Team for access by GCHP users. Directly using horizontal air mass fluxes rather than inferring from wind data significantly reduces global mean error in calculated surface pressure and vertical advection. A technical performance demonstration at C720 illustrates an attribute of high resolution with population-weighted tropospheric NO2 columns nearly twice those at a common resolution of 2∘ × 2.5∘.
Codes Associated with and Power Moments of Kloosterman Sums

Abstract. We shall construct three binary linear codes , , and , respectively associated with the orthogonal groups , , and , with a power of two. Then we obtain recursive formulas for the power moments of Kloosterman and 2-dimensional Kloosterman sums in terms of the frequencies of weights in the codes. This is done via the Pless power moment identity and by utilizing the explicit expressions of Gauss sums for the orthogonal groups.
Secure storage scheme of trajectory data for digital tracking mechanism

The application of digital tracking mechanism introduces a series of leakage problems of users' personal sensitive information related to the trajectory. Therefore, we propose a secure storage scheme for trajectory data. Firstly, four‐dimensional spatiotemporal clustering of the trajectory data is performed to reduce the spatiotemporal complexity of data storage. Secondly, the privacy level of the trajectory data in the clusters is measured individually, which ensures the needs for personalized privacy protection are met. Finally, a noise trajectory (NTR) tree based on differential privacy is constructed, and the allocation of privacy budget and noise addition are optimized. Extensive simulations show that our scheme improves in terms of time efficiency, and achieves a flexible and effective balance between data accuracy and privacy.