Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Blood Loss and Meat Quality Characteristics in Korean Black Goat Subjected to Head-Only Electrical Stunning or without Stunning

Abstract This study assessed the effects of non-stunning (NS) and head-only electrical stunning (HOES) slaughtering condition on meat quality traits of longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle from Korean black goat (KBG). Ten KBGs (18 months) were assigned into two groups and exposed to either NS or HOES treatments. Blood loss (BL) % was measured after exsanguination, and meat quality traits including muscle pH, meat color measurements (CIE L*, a*, b*, Chroma, and hue angle), water-holding capacity (WHC), Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), and sarcomere length were measured at 24 h postmortem. Results indicated that NS and HOES had no significant difference on BL %, the rate of pH decline, meat color properties, and WHC (p>0.05). It has only a small effect on WBSF and sarcomere length values, but the difference was marginal. These results suggested that meat quality of LL muscle from goat might not be affected by slaughter methods because neither NS nor HOES did result in poor quality of meat.
A different appetite for sovereignty? Independence movements in subnational island jurisdictions

Local autonomy in a subnational jurisdiction is more likely to be gained, secured or enhanced where there are palpable movements or political parties agitating for independence in these smaller territories. A closer look at the fortunes, operations and dynamics of independence parties from subnational island jurisdictions can offer some interesting insights on the appetite for sovereignty and independence, but also the lack thereof, in the twenty-first century.
Alabama Disasters: Leveraging NASA EOS to Explore the Environmental and Economic Impact of the April 27 Tornado Outbreak

The disastrous tornado outbreak in Alabama on April 27, 2011 greatly impacted the economy of the state. On record, the tornado outbreak was the second deadliest tornado outbreak in U.S. When considering the agricultural and value-added activities such as food and timber processing, farm inputs, manufacturing, transportation, and retail sales, the dollar value of Alabama agribusiness annually exceeds $40 billion (NASS, 2011). This research aims to examine how the timber and agriculture damage affected the state economy of Alabama and will be used to aid in long-term economic recovery. ASTER imagery was used along with ground-truthed NASS (National Agriculture Statistics Service) crop location records to verify the economic impact tornadoes had on the agricultural economy of the state. This swath damage can be calculated by correlating tornado path with NASS statistics on crop yield, precisely showing the fields affected and dollars lost to this disaster. Not only can this be executed manually using ENVI and ArcGIS, but also through the use of Python, a programming language that has the ability to automate the process, creating a product for initial damage assessment.
Brittle plus plastic deformation of gypsum aggregates experimentally deformed in torsion to high strains: quantitative microstructural and texture analysis from optical and diffraction data

Abstract This contribution presents a quantitative microstructural analysis of a polycrystalline aggregate of gypsum, deformed in torsion (T=70–90 °C) at γ (shear strain) ranging from 0 to 4.82. Quantitative microstructural analysis is used to compare the evolution of microstructures observed by optical microscope with those obtained from analysis of X-ray and neutron diffraction data. This analysis shows that during experimental deformation, gypsum accommodated strain by brittle and plastic deformation mechanisms, developing Riedel-like microfaults with plastic foliations and crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO). The relations of microstructures show that with increasing strain, the Riedel systems start from R planes with an angle of ≈30° to the Imposed Shear Plane. This angle decreases (5°–15°) when strain increases, and Y planes develop. Quantitative texture analysis (QTA) shows that S-foliations start developing at low γ and maintain their orientation up to high γ, and that the most active slip system is the (010) along normal to (100) and the [001]-axis. Shape preferred orientation (SPO) of gypsum does not coincide with the theoretical orientation as it does not decrease with increasing strain. This discrepancy is explained by the role of the brittle shear planes that impose a back rotation to gypsum. No brittle to plastic transition occurs. But both plastic and brittle structures contemporaneously accommodate and localize strain.
Patrón de distribución y listado de especies de las lombrices de tierra (Annelida, Oligochaeta) en Colombia

Este artículo es el resultado de un esfuerzo colectivo para construir los patrones de distribución de las lombrices de tierra de Colombia a partir del análisis de la información sobre las colectas realizadas entre 1872 y 2003. La información abarca desde registros esporádicos con información taxonómica de las especies hasta estudios sistemáticos de especies en algunas cuencas hidrográficas y en suelos de sabanas, que destacan la alta diversidad en los sistemas de alta montaña de la cordillera de los Andes. El mayor porcentaje (93.2%) de las colectas se ha realizado en la región Andina. La oligoquetofauna colombiana determinada está compuesta por 113 especies situadas en nueve familias, 30 géneros y 6 subgéneros, de las cuales 90 son nativas y 23 exóticas. La mayoría de las especies son endémicas y pertenecen a la familia Glossoscolecidae. Andiodrilus, con 25 especies, fue el género de la familia mejor representado, mientras que Martiodrilus, con 19 especies, ocupó la mayor diversidad de ambientes, desde selvas y pastizales hasta el páramo. Sólo dos especies de esta familia fueron cosmopolitas (Pontoscolex corethrurus y Onychochaeta elegans), las cuales se encontraron en ambientes antropócoros. El resto de las especies de las otras familias fueron euritópicas, excepto Tumak hammeni y Dichogaster medellina.
Desarrollo e implementación de una aplicación para la gestión de una red de sensores conectada remotamente vía el sistema GSM-GPRS

Resumen. En este articulo se presenta una aplicacion para gestionar integralmente una pequena red de sensores conectada a un sistema remoto a traves de GSM/GPRS. Para lograr dicha conexion, se integraron en un prototipo los diferentes dispositivos hardware necesarios. La aplicacion, desarrollada sobre el Sistema de Informacion Geografica (GIS) ArcGis 9.2, permite tanto planificar la red desde el punto de vista de cobertura radioelectrica como visualizar todos los parametros sensorizados.
Modeling complex network epidemics using nodes' roles

In this work we investigate the usefulness of node roles of complex systems in dynamical processes. More specifically, we use the characteristic equations of an SIS epidemic spreading in order to simulate an actual epidemic spreading. The equations that are used, encapsulate the degree correlations in comparison to the role distribution and the results are compared with an actual epidemic release simulation.
Future Sea Level Rise Implications OnDevelopment Of Lazarus Island,Singapore Southern Islands

The Southern Islands compose an urban planning area in the Central Region of Singapore and is made up of the islands of Kusu, Lazarus, Seringat, Tekukor, St. John, Sentosa and the Sister Islands. The islands had largely been expanded by land reclamation in the 1970s to create beaches and swimming lagoons. The new coastlines are armoured by large quarry stones. Other than Sentosa, the rest of the islands are undeveloped and remain as mainly weekend destinations. As part of the Singapore Tourism Board’s plan to develop the Southern Islands beyond Sentosa, a second phase of land reclamation with sands imported from Indonesia was started in 2000 to link Seringat, Lazarus and Sentosa. The land reclamation took six years to complete and water, electricity, gas and telecommunication infrastructure were brought to the island from Sentosa. The entire project costs nearly S$300 million. The strengths and opportunities identified are the unspoilt natural environment, island ambience free from vehicular traffic and proximity to the mainland’s central area. The` waters of the southern islands have attractive corals and marine life and are popular diving spots. Beaches are of reasonable quality and topographic highs on some islands offer trekking possibilities. The main constraints to developing the islands are absence of road and poor navigational access to the islands. Over the years, there have been various suggestions on how Lazarus Island should be developed. Recent suggestions include turning the island into a getaway for the super rich or housing a casino. However, whatever development is planned for Lazarus must take into consideration its sustainability in the face of a future rising sea. Reclamation that took place in the 1970s was before concern about global warming. Consequently, Island Sustainability 121 www.witpress. com, ISSN 1743-3541 (on-line) © 2010 WIT Press WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol 130, doi:10.2495/ISLANDS100111 the crest of sea walls and platform levels of reclaimed land are low and vulnerable to wave overtopping and inundation during extreme high tides. Inundation analyses using Geographic Information System carried out under A2 sea level rise scenario for Lazarus suggest that extra care must be taken in developing these islands to avoid future problems.
Prescription Grazing to Enhance Rangeland Watersheds

Water is the most precious commodity derived from our rangelands and forests. All these lands should be managed primarily as watersheds and secondarily for their food, forage, wood, wildlife, social, and other products. Watersheds vary greatly in their natural erosion and flood behavior. I n some places plant cover and soil mantle have not developed sufficiently to exert much influence on the way water is yielded from the land. In these places, erosion, sedimentation and flooding is usually high. On more extensive areas, plant cover and soil mantle have developed to exert a high degree of control on the reception and disposition of precipitation. Low rates of erosion, normally moderate peak stream discharges, normally small sediment loads, and optimum infiltration are the result. The key lies in controlling the water that falls on each acre (Bailey 1950). Depleted watersheds, for whatever reason, cause serious widespread and long-lasting secondand third-order consequences on-site and downstream, economically, and socially. These adversities are intensified under drought conditions. Formulating prescribed grazing to enhance watershed dynamics requires diagnosis of elements involved.
Mantle potential temperatures at Hawaii, Iceland, and the mid‐ocean ridge system, as inferred from olivine phenocrysts: Evidence for thermally driven mantle plumes

Temperature differences between lavas erupted at ocean islands and mid‐ocean ridges are crucial to documenting the existence of mantle plumes. Olivines are useful for T estimation because they provide a less homogenized account of the melting process compared to glass and whole rock samples. Olivine‐liquid equilibria, and olivine phenocrysts from Hawaii, Iceland, and several mid‐ocean ridge localities, indicate higher melting temperatures compared to mid‐ocean ridges (MORs) by at least ∼250 ± 52°C and 165 ± 62°C, respectively. When translated to differences in mantle potential temperature, ΔTp, Hawaii and Iceland potential temperatures are hotter than ambient MORs by 213–235 and 162–184°C, respectively, similar to estimates required by geodynamic models for mantle thermal upwellings. Absolute mantle potential temperatures are more uncertain as they depend on estimates of melt fraction and depth of equilibration, but olivine‐liquid equilibria support the following estimates: TpHawaii = 1688°C; TpIceland = 1637°C; TpMORs = 1453–1475°C. All of these estimates include the effects of H2O, Na2O + K2O, and SiO2 on olivine‐melt equilibria and are robust against other variations in source or liquid composition, such as FeO and CO2. These estimates show that at least at Iceland and Hawaii, volcanism is driven by large temperature anomalies whose magnitudes are consistent with the existence of thermally driven mantle plumes.
The distribution of peatland in Europe

SUMMARY This paper derives the distribution of peatland in Europe as the extent of peat and peat-topped soils indicated by soil databases. The data sources were the 1:1,000,000 European Soil Database (v1.0) and a data set of organic carbon content (%) for the topsoils of Europe at 1km x 1km resolution that was recently published in map form. The strong influences of vegetation and land use on soil organic carbon (OC) content were taken into account in computing the 1km (OC) data set, as was the influence of temperature. The areas of peat and peat-topped soils estimated from the European Soil Database are generally in close agreement with those obtained using the Map of OC in Topsoils of Europe. The results reveal a strong northern bias in the distribution of organic soils across Europe. Almost one-third of the European peatland resource is in Finland, and more than a quarter is in Sweden. The remainder is in Poland, the UK, Norway, Germany, Ireland, Estonia, Latvia, The Netherlands and France. Small areas of peat and peat-topped soils also occur in Lithuania, Hungary, Denmark and the Czech Republic. For most European countries, the distribution of peat and peat-topped soils is probably more accurately portrayed by the Map of OC in Topsoils of Europe than by the European Soil Map and Database. Such baseline data are important for the conservation of peat and for making much more precise estimates of carbon stocks in topsoil than have been possible hitherto. The results are also relevant to the planning of effective soil protection measures at European level.
Co‐Evolution of Climate, Soil and Vegetation

The myriad of interactions between the vegetation, the soil, the climate, and the air involve transfers of energy and matter between the atmosphere and the lithosphere. In this article, these interactions are investigated mainly from the perspective of the vegetation. Most of the water taken up from the soil by plants is evaporated from the leaves via stomata during the process commonly referred to as transpiration. Transpiration of water is necessary for the uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere for photosynthesis. Through transpiration and photosynthesis, the vegetation links the energy, water, and carbon and other biogeochemical cycles. This linkage provides the backbone to the article. Sections deal with: energy and water limitations to transpiration and plant growth at the catchment scale; the relationship between plant water use and photosynthesis; ecological strategies and temporal variability of water use and volume of soil involved in exchange with the atmosphere; soil water holding capacity and mineral nutrient availability; and catchment scale relationships between vegetation, soil, and climate. In the final sections, the concept of optimality between climate, vegetation, soil, and air is introduced, and the potential application of the optimality approach to hydrology is reviewed. Keywords: energy limitation; water limitation; photosynthesis; optimality; ecological strategy
Ratio of the Greenland to global temperature change: Comparison of observations and climate modeling results

Temperature changes over Greenland are of special interest due to a possible melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet and resulting sea level rise. General Circulation Models (GCMs) predict that the temperature changes in Greenland should proceed at a faster rate than the global temperature change. Until now there has been no confirmation that Greenland's long‐term temperature changes are related to the global warming and that they proceed faster than the global temperature change. Using double correlations between the Greenland temperature records, North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and global temperature change we find a region of Greenland that is not affected by the NAO. Using this region as an indicator of Greenland's temperature change that is related to global warming, we find that the ratio of the Greenland to global temperature change due to global warming is 2.2 in broad agreement with GCM predictions.
De facto exchange rate regimes and inflation targeting in Latin America: Some empirical evidence from the past decade

Este trabajo estima los regimenes cambiarios de facto de las siete economias mas importantes de America Latina (LA-7) entre 1999 y 2011. Se utiliza la metodologia de Zeileis, Shah y Patnaik (2010) que, a diferencia de otras desarrolladas hasta el momento, captura la estructura “fina” de los regimenes cambiarios de facto e identifica quiebres estructurales en fechas precisas. Se concluye que los paises de AL-7 han logrado converger hacia un mayor grado de flotacion cambiaria de facto , aunque existen diferencias en el grado de flexibilidad cambiaria entre los paises que han adoptado esquemas de metas inflacionarias y los que carecen de ellas.
Seasonal prediction of landfalling hurricanes along Eastern Seaboard of the United States

Statistical models for the seasonal prediction of hurricane strikes on the Eastern Seaboard of the United States (ESUS) are developed with the application of the statistical software (SAS) generalized linear model (GENMOD) to perform a Poisson regression linked by a logarithmic function. Preseason climatic/oceanic signals of the El Nino South Oscillation (ENSO), the Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM), the Atlantic Multi‐decadal Oscillation (AMO), Sahel rainfall (20°–10°N, 20°W–10°E) and the North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) across a selected domain, all of which are closely associated with the dominant principal components of the North Atlantic Hurricane Track Density Function (HTDF), are applied as predictors.
A global comparison between AMI scatterometer data and SAR ERS-1/2 wave mode products

The European Space Agency ERS-1 and ERS-2 C-band VV-polarization instruments (AMI) offer the unique ability to combine interlaced scatterometer and SAR wave modes. This collocation has already led to significant results in terms of Wave Mode imagette calibration and azimuth cutoff analysis. Here, we present the validation of an empirical calibration method and a SAR wind speed retrieval algorithm based on azimuth cutoff analysis. In addition, the SAR variance analysis is proposed to improve SAR modulation transfer functions (MTF) estimations.
Study of Evacuation Behavior of Coastal Gulf of Mexico Residents

In this study, we investigate the link between hurricane characteristics, demographics of the Coastal Gulf of Mexico residents, including their household location, and their respective evacuation behavior. Our study is significantly different from the previously made studies on hurricane evacuation behavior in two ways. At first, the research data is collected through recording responses to a series of hypothetical situations which are quite identical to the set of information that people are used to see during the hurricane season. Secondly, this study addresses and includes response heterogeneity while analyzing sample behavior, an issue which has not been addressed in previous research on hurricane evacuation behavior in spite of its importance.
Submesoscale Instability and Generation of Mesoscale Anticyclones near a Separation of the California Undercurrent

AbstractThe California Undercurrent (CUC) flows poleward mostly along the continental slope. It develops a narrow strip of large negative vertical vorticity through the turbulent boundary layer and bottom stress. In several downstream locations, the current separates, aided by topographic curvature and flow inertia, in particular near Point Sur Ridge, south of Monterey Bay. When this happens the high-vorticity strip undergoes rapid instability that appears to be mesoscale in “eddy-resolving” simulations but is substantially submesoscale with a finer computational grid. The negative relative vorticity in the CUC is larger than the background rotation f, and Ertel potential vorticity is negative. This instigates ageostrophic centrifugal instability. The submesoscale turbulence is partly unbalanced, has elevated local dissipation and mixing, and leads to dilution of the extreme vorticity values. Farther downstream, the submesoscale activity abates, and the remaining eddy motions exhibit an upscale organizati.
Soil carbon losses by sheet erosion: a potentially critical contribution to the global carbon cycle

Despite soil erosion through water being a ubiquitous process and its environmental consequences being well understood, its effects upon the global carbon cycle still remain largely uncertain. How much soil organic carbon (SOC) is removed each year from soils by sheet wash, an important if not the most efficient mechanism of detachment and transport of surficial soil material? What are the main environnemental controls worldwide? These are important questions which largely remain unanswered. Empirical data from 240 runoff plots studied over entire rainy seasons from different regions of the world were analysed to estimate particulate organic carbon (POC) losses (POCL), and POC enrichment in the sediments compared to the bulk soil (ER), which can be used as a proxy of the fate of the eroded POC. The median POCL was 9.9 g C m‐2 y‐1 with highest values observed for semi‐arid soils (POCL = 10.8 g C m‐2 y‐1), followed by tropical soils (POCL = 6.4 g C m‐2 y‐1) and temperate soils (POCL = 1.7 g C m‐2 y‐1). Considering the mean POCL of 27.2 g C m‐2 y‐1, the total amount of SOC displaced annually by sheet erosion from its source would be 1.32 ± 0.20 Gt C, i.e. 14.6% of the net annual fossil fuel induced C emissions of 9 Gt C. Because of low sediment enrichment in POC, erosion‐induced CO2 emissions are likely to be limited in clayey environments while POC burial within hillslopes is likely to constitute an important carbon sink. In contrast, most of the POC displaced from sandy soils is likely to be emitted to the atmosphere. These results underpin the major role sheet wash plays in the displacement of SOC from its source and in the fate of the eroded SOC, with large variations across the different pedo‐climatic regions of the world. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Title Synergistic antitumor effects of combination PI3K/mTOR and MEK inhibition (SAR245409 and pimasertib) in mucinous ovarian carcinoma cells by fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging

The aim of this study was to clarify the synergistic effects of dual inhibition of the PI3K/mTOR and MAPK pathways in ovarian mucinous carcinoma (OMC) cells, using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging. We exposed 6 OMC cell lines to a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor (voxtalisib, SAR245409) and/or a MEK inhibitor (pimasertib), and evaluated synergistic effects using the Chou–Talalay method. Then, S6K (PI3K pathway) and ERK (MAPK pathway) kinase activities, and their individual proliferative or cytotoxic effects were calculated by time-lapse FRET imaging. In combination with SAR245409, pimasertib (30 nM) synergistically inhibited cell growth (combination indexes: 0.03–0.5) and induced apoptosis in all 6 OMC cell lines. FRETimaging results demonstrated that ERK inhibition induced both anti-proliferation and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in both MCAS and OAW42 cells. However, S6K inhibition suppressed proliferation in a threshold manner in both cell lines, although apoptosis was only induced in OAW42 cells. These results demonstrated that combined PI3K/mTOR and MEK inhibition exhibited synergistic antitumor effects in OMC cells and that FRET imaging is useful for analyzing kinase activities in live cells and elucidating their cytostatic and cytotoxic effects.