Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Functional Domain Organization of the Importin ␣ Nuclear Import Factor

Although importin ␣ (Imp ␣) has been shown to act as the receptor for basic nuclear localiza-tion signals (NLSs) and to mediate their recruitment to the importin ␤ nuclear import factor, little is known about the functional domains present in Imp ␣ , with the exception that importin ␤ binding is known to map close to the Imp ␣ NH 2 terminus. Here, we demonstrate that sequences essential for binding to the CAS nuclear export factor are located near the Imp ␣ COOH terminus and include a critical acidic motif. Although point mutations introduced into this acidic motif inactivated both CAS binding and Imp ␣ nuclear export, a putative leucine-rich nuclear export signal proved to be neither necessary nor sufficient for Imp ␣ nuclear export. Analysis of sequences within Imp ␣ that bind to the SV-40 T antigen NLS or to the similar LEF-1 NLS revealed that both NLSs interact with a subset of the eight degenerate armadillo (Arm) repeats that form the central part of Imp ␣. However, these two NLS-binding sites showed only minimal overlap, thus suggesting that the degeneracy of the Arm repeat region of Imp ␣ may serve to facilitate binding to similar but nonidentical basic NLSs. Importantly, the SV-40 T NLS proved able to specifically inhibit the interaction of Imp ␣ with CAS in vitro, thus explaining why the SV-40 T NLS is unable to also function as a nuclear export signal. N uclear import of proteins bearing a nuclear local-ization signal (NLS) 1 of the basic type first defined in SV-40 T antigen and nucleoplasmin is dependent on two cellular factors termed importin ␣ (Imp ␣) or karyopherin ␣ and importin ␤ (Imp ␤) or karyopherin and also directly binds to Imp ␤ via a specific domain, located between residues 10 and 55, termed the Imp ␤ binding (IBB) domain (Görlich et al., 1996 a ; Weis et al., 1996). The resultant heterotrimeric complex is targeted to the nuclear pore complex due to the direct interaction of Imp ␤ with specific nucleoporins (Görlich et al., 1995; Moroianu et al., 1995). The heterotrimer is then translocated into the nucleus via a poorly understood, energy-dependent process that also requires the activity of the Ran GTPase and a Once the heterotrimer reaches the nucleus, Imp ␤ directly interacts with GTP-bound Ran, a form of Ran that is largely confined to the nucleus, resulting in the release of …
Comment on “Multiscaling and skew separation in regional floods” by David R. Dawdy and Vijay K. Gupta

Dawdy and Gupta's [1995] (hereinafter eferred to as DG) paper aises a number of interesting points concerning the separation of skewness in relation to scaling theories of regional flood distributions. The paper sheds new light on this phenomenon first reported by Matalas et al. [1975] (hereinafter referred to as MSW). The objective of the present discussion is to provide some additional thoughts on the results and conclusions of the research.
The G protein–coupled receptor G2A: Involvement in hepatic lipid metabolism and gallstone formation in mice

The G2A receptor is a member of the ovarian cancer G protein–coupled receptor 1 family of stress‐inducible G protein–coupled receptors. In this study, we examined the hepatobiliary effects of loss of function of G2A in mice fed either a chow or lithogenic diet. G2A‐deficient (G2A−/−) mice fed chow had a 25% reduction in biliary phosphatidylcholine content, reduced hepatic gene expression of the phosphatidylcholine transporter adenosine triphosphate–binding cassette B4, and an 8‐fold increase in expression of the nuclear receptor liver X receptor (LXR). Despite the increased expression of LXR, transcription of several LXR target genes was reduced. G2A−/− mice fed a lithogenic diet had rapid gallstone formation, an increased cholesterol saturation index, a 2.5‐fold increase in farnesoid X receptor expression, a 5‐fold increase in LXR expression, and a 90% reduction in cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase expression in comparison with wild‐type mice. There were no changes in gallbladder volume. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that the G2A receptor is important for hepatobiliary bile salt, cholesterol, and phospholipid homeostasis and for the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstone formation. (HEPATOLOGY 2008;48:1138–1148.)
KDM2B is a histone H3K79 demethylase and induces transcriptional repression via SIRT1-mediated chromatin silencing

The methylation of histone H3 lysine 79 (H3K79) is an active chromatin marker and is prominant in actively transcribed regions of the genome. However, demethylase of H3K79 remains unknown despite intensive research. Here, we show that KDM2B (also known as FBXL10), a member of the Jumonji C family of proteins and known for its histone H3K36 demethylase activity, is a di- and tri-methyl H3K79 demethylase. We demonstrate that KDM2B induces transcriptional repression of HOXA7 and MEIS1 via occupancy of promoters and demethylation of H3K79. Furthermore, genome-wide analysis suggests that H3K79 methylation levels increase when KDM2B is depleted, indicating that KDM2B functions as an H3K79 demethylase in vivo. Finally, stable KDM2B-knockdown cell lines exhibit displacement of NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 from chromatin, with concomitant increases in H3K79 methylation and H4K16 acetylation. Our findings identify KDM2B as an H3K79 demethylase and link its function to transcriptional repression via SIRT1-mediated chromatin silencing.
Meaning of nursing care to brain dead potential organ donors

Objective: To understand the meanings of care to brain dead potential organ donors for nurses, develop and construct a theoretical model. Method: Qualitative study based on the Grounded Theory approach. Data were collected through structured interviews with 12 nurses, distributed in three sample groups in a university hospital in northeastern Brazil, from December 2010 to June 2011. Results: The phenomenon Unveiling multiple relationships and interactions of nurses in the complexity of patient care in brain dead potential donors is supported by the interrelationship of five categories and results from the need to organize care practices in the context of the intensive care unit, considering the factors involved in the relationship between nurses, staff and family and reveals challenges for nurses imposed by the complexity of the care process. Conclusions: The meaning of care to brain dead potential donors involves understanding the complexity of this patient who can save somebody’s life through organ donation.
Predicting regional episodic acidification of surface waters using empirical models

Studies of individual lakes and streams have documented the occurrence of transient, short-term acidification of surface waters during hydrologic events, but a regional assessment of episodic chemical effects has not been made. Application of a two-box mixing model, together with regional chemistry and deposition data, indicates that acidic episodes (acid neutralizing capacity <0) are likely an important regional phenomenon. Population estimates of the total proportion of acidic stream reaches increased by 40–640% in six subrogions of the eastern United States when episodes were taken into account. Data from a small sample of lakes in the Adirondacks (which appear to be representative of the lake population) show that fall “index” acid neutralizing capacity is an excellent predictor of the minimum episodic ANC measured at the outlets of these lakes during spring snowmelt. While 11% of the Adirondack lakes were acidic at fall overturn, a linear regression model predicts that more than 35% were acidic at their outlets during the spring of 1986.
Basal lamina of embryonic salivary epithelia. Production by the epithelium and role in maintaining lobular morphology

The role of the basal lamina in maintaining the normal morphology of mouse embryo submandibular epithelia was assessed by examining its production as well as the cellular and organ culture changes associated with its removal and replacement. The lamina was removed from epithelia isolated free of mesenchyme by brief treatment with testicular hyaluronidase in the absence of calcium. The treatment causes rounding- up of the cells, loss of cellular cohesion, appearance of microvilli, and changes in the organization of cytoskeletal structures. The lamina is not removed and the cellular alterations do not occur in the absence of hyaluronidase in calcium-free medium or when both enzyme and calcium are present, possibly because digestion of chondroitin sulfate, a component of the lamina, is inhibited by calcium. Within 2 h after treatment, in the absence of mesenchyme or biological substrata, the epithelia deposits a new lamina, which is identical by several criteria to the preexisting lamina, and reverses the cellular alterations. Epithelia treated with hyaluronidase lose lobular morphology during culture with mesenchyme. Delaying culture with mesenchyme, to allow restoration of the lamina and of normal cellular architecture, prevents the loss of lobular morphology. The results indicate that the basal lamina imposes morphologic stability on the epithelium, while the mesenchyme apparently affects processes involved in changes in morphology, possibly by selective degradation of the basal lamina.
The preliminary analysis of S-band scatterometer data of three types of ground objects

In the past two decades, the object characteristics at L- and C-band backscattering coefficient have been widely studied, but little attention was paid to S-band, due to the main spaceborne SAR sensors are designed at L- and C-band by now. HJ-1C is planned to be launched at the end of 2009, on which an S-Band SAR is loaded. For the applications of S-band SAR, it is necessary to obtain backscattering coefficient and analysis object characteristics at this band. In this paper, S-band relation models are preliminarily analysed for several typical ground objects, using measurements obtained by the scatterometer system of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC). Result shows the S-band scatterometer system is instable in some cases, but object characteristics can be revealed qualitative. Therefore, some improvements shall be done to advance scatterometer's performance and field-work methods when more measurements were taken. For the quantitative analysis of S-band measurements, observations from SMEX02 PALS instrument are used to compare with the theorical simulation from water-cloud model, the result shows good.
GENETIC CONTROL OF CYTOLYTIC T-LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES If. The Role of the Host Genotype in Parental ~ FI Radiation Chimeras in the Control of the Specificity of Cytolytic T-Lymphocyte Responses to Trinitrophenyl-Modified Syngeneic Cells*

Several instances of Ir gene control of specific cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) 1 responses have been reported. Simpson and Gordon (1) and von Boehmer et al. (2) described two complementing Ir genes that control the CTL response to the HY antigen and map in the I region of the H-2 complex. Schmitt-Verhulst and Shearer (3) observed that spleen cells of mice bearing the H-2 k haplotype develop CTL to trinitrophenyl (TNP)-conjugated syngeneic cells that are specific only for modifications of the H-2K but not H-2D region gene products. This response of H-2 k mice is under the dominant control of H-2-1inked Ir genes. In the preceding report (4), we have investigated another genetic defect in the CTL primary response of H-2 k mouse spleen cells to TNP-conjugated cells in vitro. H-2 k spleen cells, in contrast to cells of other haplotypes, develop primary CTL that react solely with TNP-modified syngeneic cells and do not crossreactively lyse TNP-modified allogeneic spleen target cells. The ability to produce cross-reactive CTL in response to TNP-conjugated H-2 k cells is dominant in spleen cells from (H-T x H-2b)F1 hybrid mice and does not reflect the inability of TNP-conjugated H-2 k cells to stimulate cross-reactive lysis by the appropriate responder-cell population. The relevant issue in systems that display major histocompatibility complex (MHC) control of CTL responsiveness is whether the restrictions observed are dictated by the H-2 genes of the responding T cell or by the H-2 gene products in the thymus where T cells differentiate and develop immunocompetence. Bevan (5) and Zinkernagel and associates (6, 7) have independently investigated this important question for CTL responses to cells bearing allogeneic minor histocompatibility antigens or virally infected cells. Such responses are normally restricted to produce CTL that preferentially lyse syngeneic target cells bearing the appropriate antigens. By using semiallogeneic radiation chimeras or thymus grafts, these investigators have observed that the H-2-controlled genetic
A Land Data Assimilation System for Soil Moisture and Temperature: An Information Content Study

Abstract A Canadian Land Data Assimilation System (CaLDAS) for the analysis of land surface prognostic variables is designed and implemented at the Meteorological Service of Canada for the initialization of numerical weather prediction and climate models. The assimilation of different data sources for the production of daily soil moisture and temperature analyses is investigated in a set of observing system simulation experiments over North America. A simplified variational technique is adapted to accommodate different observation types at their appropriate time in a 24-h time window. The screen-level observations of temperature and relative humidity, from conventional synoptic surface observations (SYNOP)/aviation routine weather report (METAR)/surface aviation observation (SA) reports, are considered together with presently available satellite observations provided by the Aqua satellite (microwave C-band), Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) [infrared (IR)], and observations availab.
Geochemical variations in Middle Ordovician volcanic rocks of the northern Miramichi Highlands and their tectonic significance

A detailed geochemical study of Middle Ordovician volcanic rocks, undertaken in the northern Miramichi Highlands of New Brunswick, shows that 10 basaltic suites can be distinguished. These suites are assigned to the Tetagouche and Fournier groups. The contact between these two groups is a major thrust zone, marked for over 70 km by a prominent blueschist zone. All the Tetagouche Group volcanic rocks have chemistries consistent with extrusion in a continental rift, but most Fournier Group basalts in the Miramichi Highlands have chemistries suggestive of an oceanic back-arc setting. The chemical signatures, stratigraphic variations, and structural data indicate that the northern Miramichi Highlands preserve a section across a telescoped Middle Ordovician back-arc basin that initially opened as a result of asthenospheric injection near the rear part of a Lower Ordovician ensialic arc.
Water masses labeled with global fallout 137Cs formed by subduction in the North Pacific

We provide a first cross section of the 137Cs concentration along 165°E longitude in the western North Pacific. The 137Cs profile is characterized by several subsurface cores with high 137Cs, including two 137Cs concentration maxima at 20°N, one at 250 m (σθ ≈ 25.5) and one at 400–500 m (σθ ≈ 26.0) depths. The shallower maximum is in the density range of North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (NPSTMW) and the deeper one is in the density range of Lighter Central Mode Water (LCMW). The main 137Cs cores, therefore, were formed by movements of NPSTMW and LCMW in the interior ocean during the past four decades. The 137Cs has been transported from subarctic region to subtropics and tropics as a result of subduction.
Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in ovarian cancer

: The encapsulation of doxorubicin in a pegylated liposomal matrix led to a reformulated agent with a different toxicity profile and improved clinical utility. Liposomal doxorubicin is devoid of the cardiac toxicity associated with doxorubicin, but is associated with predictable muco-cutaneous toxicity. The liposomal formulation leads to improved delivery to the target tumor tissue, allowing enhanced uptake by cancer cells. These properties translate into clinical utility in recurrent ovarian cancer as demonstrated by phase II and III trials, this proven clinical efficacy leading to FDA approval in second-line therapy for ovarian cancer. New combinations with cytotoxics, in particular with carboplatin, have demonstrated an acceptable toxicity profile and clinical utility in platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. A favorable toxicity profile renders liposomal doxorubicin an ideal partner for combination regimens with other cytotoxics, and more recently with biological agents. Such combinations are the subject of ongoing clinical trials.
A 3-year continuous record on the influence of daytime, season, and fertilizer treatment on methane emission rates from an Italian rice paddy

CH4 emission rates have been measured in an Italian rice paddy between 1984 and 1986, covering three vegetation periods. For these measurements a fully automated, computerized sampling and analyzing system was developed which allowed the simultaneous determination of CH4 emission rates at 16 different field plots. CH4 emission rates showed strong diurnal and seasonal variations. Diurnal changes correlated with changes in soil temperature. During the season, CH4 emission rates showed a first maximum in May–June before tillering and a second maximum in July during the reproductive stage of the rice plants. In 1985 and 1986 two maxima were observed during summer in addition to the first maximum in the rate of CH4 emission during spring. Application of mineral and/or organic fertilizer strongly influenced the CH4 emission rates, depending on the type, rate, and mode of fertilizer application. Thus the rates decreased by at most 40% and 60% after fertilization by deep incorporation with 200 kg N/ha urea and 200 kg N/ha ammonium sulfate, respectively. Application of 200 kg N/ha calcium cyanamide led to a reduction of the first maximum of CH4 emission but caused the second maximum to increase, the overall result being that the seasonally averaged CH4 emission rate was comparable to that observed in unfertilized fields. Application of rice straw at a rate of 12 t/ha enhanced the rate of CH4 emission by a factor of 2 compared with the control. Higher application rates of rice straw did not cause a further increase in CH4 emission. The complete records of CH4 emissions over three vegetation periods indicate an average seasonal CH4 emission rate from unfertilized fields of 0.28 g CH4/m2 d, with a range of 0.16–0.38 g CH4/m2 d. Based on this value and applying the observed temperature dependence of the CH4 emission rates, the global annual CH4 emission from rice paddies is estimated to be in the range of 50–150 Tg, with a likely average of 100 Tg. This figure represents between 19% and 25% of the global CH4 emission, indicating that rice paddies are one of the most important individual sources of atmospheric CH4.
A Case for Effic ient Hardware/Soft ware Cooperative Management of Storage and Memory

Most applications manipulate persistent data, yet traditional systems decouple data manipulation from persistence in a two-level storage model. Programming languages and system software manipulate data in one set of formats in volatile main memory (DRAM) using a load/store interface, while storage systems maintain persistence in another set of formats in non-volatile memories, such as Flash and hard disk drives in traditional systems, using a file system interface. Unfortunately, such an approach suffers from the system performance and energy overheads of locating data, moving data, and translating data between the different formats of these two levels of storage that are accessed via two vastly different interfaces. Yet today, new non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies show the promise of storage capacity and endurance similar to or better than Flash at latencies comparable to DRAM, making them prime candidates for providing applications a persistent single-level store with a single load/store interface to access all system data. Our key insight is that in future systems equipped with NVM, the energy consumed executing operating system and file system code to access persistent data in traditional systems becomes an increasingly large contributor to total energy. The goal of this work is to explore the design of a Persistent Memory Manager that coordinates the management of memory and storage under a single hardware unit in a single address space. Our initial simulation-based exploration shows that such a system with a persistent memory can improve energy efficiency and performance by eliminating the instructions and data movement traditionally used to perform I/O operations.
Movements of the Goshawk in Estonia: an analysis of ring recoveries

The Goshawk Accipiter gentilis is a partially migrating raptor species, but its movement patterns differ between regions. In this study we have analysed ring recoveries of hawks ringed or recovered in Estonia (northeastern Europe) to identify the origin, direction and age structure of moving Goshawks. The vast majority of the foreign-ringed birds recovered in Estonia were juveniles or immature birds arriving in late autumn from Finland but no movement was detected in the opposing direction. Finnish birds have also been found in Estonia at breeding age, suggesting gene flow across the Gulf of Finland. The lesser number of birds originating from the south (Latvia) suggests some integrity in the Baltic Goshawk population. Recoveries of Latvian birds were dominant in the first half of the 20th century, but almost ceased later. This probably reflects the very strong impact of persecution on the Goshawk before the protection of the species, also indicated by the higher ring-recovery rate in the past. Movements within Estonia occurred in various directions while a small proportion of birds were involved in long-distance southward migration. This study suggests that movement patterns in the Estonian Goshawk population are similar to those in Fennoscandia.
Slab Decoupling in the Tonga Arc: The June 22, 1977, Earthquake

The June 22, 1977, earthquake in the southern Tonga arc is a large normal faulting event with downdip rupture propagation on a steeply dipping fault plane. We use a standard least squares inversion of P and SH waves for the source time function to determine a source consisting of two subevents located at depths of 40–55 and 105–125 km and a total time duration of 50 s. The ratios of the spectral amplitudes of the radial modes 0S0, 1S0 and 2S0 independently require a centroid depth of at least 100 km at their lower frequencies. The body wave analysis suggests a moment of 1.04 × 1028, and the 0S0 spectral amplitude suggests a value of 1.8–2.0 × 1028 dyn cm. The emerging picture is that of a complete rupture of the sinking lithospheric slab, starting from 40 km depth and propagating down to 125 km. This indicates that the decoupling of the overriding lithosphere from the slab in this area of the Tonga arc takes place by gravitational pull.