Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting Water Accumulation in Honeycomb Sandwich Structures by Optical-fiber-based Distributed Temperature Measurement

Water accumulation in honeycomb sandwich structures is a perceived problem for aircraft operators since it significantly degrades the structural integrity. The authors developed a fiber-optic-based technique to detect water accumulation in large-scale aircraft honeycomb sandwich structures. An optical-fiber network was formed in the adhesive layer and a Brillouin-based sensing system with high spatial resolution (specifically, pre-pump pulse Brillouin optical time domain analysis (PPP-BOTDA)) was utilized to detect the non-uniform internal temperature distribution during cooling in aircraft ascent. First, the temperature change during the ascent was investigated to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed technique. A verification test was then conducted using a Nomex honeycomb sandwich panel. The non-uniform temperature induced by water accumulation was detected from the peak-frequency distributions and the width of the Brillouin gain spectrum, which is the output of the PPP-BOTDA. The spectrum width, which represents the temperature non-uniformity within the spatial resolution of the PPP-BOTDA, could indicate the presence of smaller water accumulations compared to the peak frequency, which represents the temperature averaged over the spatial resolution, thus confirming the importance of evaluating the spectrum width. The developed system is quite useful for continuously monitoring large-scale aircraft sandwich structures.
Codon Usage of Chloroplast Gene rbcL in Laurencia sensu lato (Rhodophyta) species

Recent advances in molecular biology make it possible to sequence not only genes or genomes, but also to understand codon dynamics. For the organelle genes of these organisms, a small set of preferred codons are used for encoding proteins. For the first time, this paper treats the divergence of synonymous codon usage and its bias in the rbcL gene within the Laurencia complex of red algae. We observed that the synonymous codon preference biases in rbcL are large and differ among species. A clear distinction in codon usage between genera is evident: the genera Dasya and Delesseria use a set that fluctuated between 53 and 58 codons. Whereas, in the genera Ceramium, Chondrophycus, Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Laurencia s.s, Osmundea, and Palisada codon usage indicates a higher restriction fluctuating between 40 to 51 codons. Laurencia complex genera and other representative algae showed a defined composition pattern, with lower percentage values of NNC/G (7-24.9%). Dasya and Delesseria showed a selective pattern tendency because of high percentage values of NNC/G (54-55%). The estimated codon bias parameters were tested to infer systematic relationships and match suitable codons with the NNC / G codon percentages. Cluster analysis based on Codon Usage supports phylogenetic relationships between Chondrophycus, Palisada, Laurencia, Osmundea, and Yuzurua species.
Phytochemicals: Potential Lead Compounds for COVID-19 Therapeutics

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2). The rising number of cases of this highly transmissible infection has pressed for the urgent need to find effective therapeutics. The life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 includes the viral entry, viral replication, viral assembly and release. The symptoms associated with viral infection often leads to fatal outcome with pneumonia, myocarditis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, hypercoagulability, and/or multi-organ failure. Recent studies have reported that phytochemicals such as emodin, epigallocatechin gallate, and berberine could, albeit modestly, inhibit different stages of SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. The phytochemicals have been shown to disrupt viral infection and replication by blocking viral-surface spike protein binding to entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2), inhibiting viral membrane fusion with host cells, inhibiting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase involved in viral replication, and/or pathological host- responses in vitro. The focus of this review is to evaluate the efficacies of these phytochemicals on inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, growth, or disease progression as well as to provide a perspective on the potential use of these phytochemicals in the development of novel therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2
Multisensor Information Fusion Based on D-S Evidence Theory and BP Neural Network

This paper applies the information fusion technology to tool monitoring. As one of the most important processing factor, the cutting tool and the tool wear directly influence size precision. Signals of cutting force and vibration are measured with multi-sensor. By using multi-sensor the drawbacks can be overcome, the multi-sensor information fusion mentioned in manufacture stands for extracting kinds of information from different sensors (especially for cutting force and vibration signal in this paper), making best use of all resources，according to certain criterion to judge the spatial and time redundancy , to make the system more comprehensive. Two data fusion methods, which are BP Neural Network and Wavelet Neural Network for predicting tool wear, and are debated. By the hybrid of BP and wavelet based neural network the cutting tool status inspection system is built so that the forecast of tool wear can be achieved. The results show experimentally two of these presented methods effectively implement tool wear monitoring and predicting.
Redesigning Suburbia for Walking and Transit: Emerging Concepts

Suburban sprawl has caused many problems in the last several decades. Of particular concern is overreliance on the automobile and the lack of alternative forms of transportation such as walking, bicycling, and transit. The advocates of neotraditional town planning have developed the traditional neighborhood development (TND) and pedestrian pocket (PP) concepts for redesigning American suburbia to solve its deficiencies. This paper describes these concepts and then evaluates their potential usefulness to allow walking and transit in suburbia. It is concluded that these concepts offer a unique opportunity to integrate land-use and suburban development policies with transportation policy to stop sprawl and create compact, mixed-use communities. However, of the two concepts reviewed, the pedestrian pocket offers a better potential for developing a new suburban growth pattern on a metropolitan scale that is pedestrian and transit-oriented. Its successful implementation depends on the existence of a supportive metropolitan-scale land-use and transportation plan.
Interface based on electrooculography for velocity control of a robot arm

This paper describes a technique based on electrooculography to control a robot arm. This technique detects the movement of the eyes, measuring the difference of potential between the cornea and the retina by placing electrodes around the ocular area. The processing algorithm developed to obtain the position of the eye at the blink of the user is explained. The output of the processing algorithm offers, apart from the direction, four different values (zero to three) to control the velocity of the robot arm according to how much the user is looking in one direction. This allows controlling two degrees of freedom of a robot arm with the eyes movement. The blink has been used to mark some targets in tests. In this paper, the experimental results obtained with a real robot arm are shown.
Dual‐band low‐profile stripline‐fed Z‐antenna

This letter proposes a new interpretation for the Z‐antenna.It describes the Z‐antenna as an asymmetrically‐fed bent and meandered inductively‐loaded dipole antenna. This explanation provides a simple methodology to design a dual‐band stripline‐fed Z‐based antenna that operates at 1.8 and 2.45 GHz. Measurements and EM simulations validate the proposed theory. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:286–290, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27307
Design and Development of Information System Template Prototype for Maritime Transportation

This paper details the step-by-step production of a real world scenario and modular template for a marine information system from the theories involved to its design, development, implementation and tests. Data and information from the global positioning system (GPS), digital compass (DC), automatic identification system (AIS) and electronic navigational charts (ENC) were utilized to display map, map data, directional, location and ship related information. The data and other information display orientation remains in legible horizontal manner even if the base map is moving or transforming while several utilities such as serial device connection configuration and data retrieval was written for technical and testing purposes. This work was done to come-up with a template for developing a marine vehicle system that will serve as a reference or basis for future system developmental works. The modular and compartmentalized design of the system makes it very easy to customize for further specific development such as a Marine Vehicle Monitoring System or Marine Navigation System.
Simple scheme for universal linear-optics quantum computing with constant experimental complexity using fiber loops

Recently, Motes, Gilchrist, Dowling & Rohde [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 120501 (2014)] presented a scheme for photonic boson-sampling using a fiber-loop architecture. Here we show that the same architecture can be modified to implement full, universal linear optics quantum computing, in various incarnations. The scheme employs two embedded fiber-loops, a single push-button photon source, three dynamically controlled beamsplitters, and a single time-resolved photo-detector. The architecture has only a single point of interference, and thus may be significantly easier to align than other schemes. The experimental complexity of the scheme is constant, irrespective of the size of the computation, limited only by fiber lengths and their respective loss rates.
Passive and hybrid piezoelectric circuits to reduce induced-atmospheric turbulence vibration of a plate-like wing

Different methods for suppressing random (turbulence induced) vibrations of a plate like wing with embedded piezoceramics are investigated. An electromechanically coupled finite element model (that accounts different external circuits) is combined with unsteady aerodynamic models (the doublet-lattice method and Roger’s model) to develop a piezoaeroelastic model of cantilevered plates representing wing-like structures. An atmospheric turbulence model (Von-Karman’s and Dryden’s spectrum) is used to induce random vibrations at different airflow speeds. An active controller and different piezoelectric shunt circuits – passive and hybrid (combining passive circuits and voltage sources – are applied to suppress random vibrations over a range of airflow speeds when a single pair of piezoceramics is modeled on the clamped end of the plate. The behavior of the piezoaeroelastic system is investigated in time and frequency domains. Simulation results demonstrate that the hybrid control approach is more effective than purely passive or active controllers.
Adaptive Event-Triggered Control of Uncertain Nonlinear Systems Using Intermittent Output Only

Although rich collection of research results on event-triggered control exist, no effort has ever been made in integrating state/output triggering and controller triggering simultaneously with backstepping control design. The primary objective of this article is, by using intermittent output signal only, to build a backstepping adaptive event-triggered feedback control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. To do so, we need to tackle three technical obstacles. First, the nature of the event triggering makes the transmitted output signal discontinuous, rendering the regular recursive backstepping design method inapplicable as the repetitive differentiation of virtual control signals is literally undefined. Second, the effects arisen from the event-triggering action must be properly accommodated, but the current compensating method only works for systems in normal form, thus a new method needs to be developed in order to handle nonnormal form systems. Third, as only intermittent output signal is available, and at the same time, the impacts of certain terms containing unknown parameters (arising from event triggering) need to be compensated, it is rather challenging to design a suitable state observer. To circumvent these difficulties, we employ the dynamic filtering technique to avoid the differentiation of virtual control signals in the backstepping design, construct a new compensation scheme to deal with the effects of output triggering, and build a new form of state observer to facilitate the development of output feedback control. It is shown that, with the derived adaptive backstepping output-triggered control, all the closed-loop signals are ensured bounded and the transient system performance in the mean square error sense can be adjusted by appropriately adjusting design parameters. The benefits and effectiveness of the proposed scheme are also validated by numerical simulation.
An Integrated RF-Powered Wake-Up Wireless Transceiver With –26 dBm Sensitivity

This article presents a fully RF-powered wireless transceiver integrating an efficient RF energy harvester (RFEH), a Wake-up Receiver (WuRx), and a Wake-up Transmitter (WuTx) on a single CMOS chip. The WuRx is designed to operate with supply voltages as low as 300 mV allowing to be entirely powered up by the RF energy at power levels as low as −26 dBm. The capability of the WuRx to operate without using a power management unit (PMU) enhances the sensitivity and overall conversion efficiency of the RFEH system. By utilizing an ultralow-power ultralow-voltage envelope detector to obtain the required signal levels, using passive amplification instead of an active low-noise amplifier, and eliminating the voltage regulator removing its power overhead, the transceiver’s input sensitivity has been improved at least by a factor 2 (3 dB) compared to the other previously reported RF-powered transceivers. The proposed transmitter consists of a fast start-up oscillator and an efficient class E power amplifier, which can be externally tuned for different output powers. Fabricated in the TSMC’s 130-nm CMOS process, the measurement results show that the proposed WuRx consuming only 5.7 nW works with input powers as low as −26 dBm, and the proposed transmitter can work with input powers as low as −23 dBm. The WuTx outputs −11 dBm with 51% efficiency at 2.45 GHz using high-Q off-chip components.
Implementation of tunable erbium doped fiber laser using a broadband fiber mirror

By using a broadband fiber mirror (BFM), a wavelength tunable erbium‐doped fiber laser (TEDFL) is demonstrated composed with tunable fiber Bragg grating (TFBG). The BFM acts as a broadband reflector both for the lasing signal and pump source. At pumping power of 100 mW, stable laser output power of 21.35 dBm is obtained at a low threshold pumping power of 4.7 mW. A side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of 57.9 dB and 16 nm wavelength scan range are demonstrated using a single TFBG. The tunable fiber laser may be a good candidate for vast applications in optical network technologies. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1722–1724, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23510
Broadband transition between rectangular waveguide and substrate integrated waveguide

A novel broadband waveguide-to-substrate integrated waveguide transition is presented. The transition is realised by using a fin line probe inserted into a rectangular metal waveguide. A single back-to-back transition covering the KA band is designed, fabricated and tested. Measured results show that good agreement with simulation, an insertion loss less than 1.4 dB and a return loss better than 15 dB at 25 40 GHz are obtained for a back-to-back structure. This broadband transition between the rectangular waveguide and substrate integrated waveguide can be used widely in microwave and millimetre-wave circuits and systems.
Should we engage variety seeking customers?

Purpose The study aims to examine the moderating role of variety-seeking behaviour between customer engagement and its antecedents (customer satisfaction and customer value). Further, this study also tests the existence of the value-satisfaction-engagement behaviour chain. Design/methodology/approach The perception of 262 respondents was used to examine the hypothesis using the structural equation modelling approach. Findings The moderation effect of variety-seeking behaviour between customer satisfaction and customer engagement was found to be significant. Also, customer satisfaction fully mediated the relationship between perceived value and customer engagement, hence, empirically validating the value-satisfaction-engagement model in the retailing context. Research limitations/implications The findings draw managers' attention towards the segment of consumers who are more likely to be engaged, thus helping managers develop a more efficient and focussed strategy to achieve customer engagement. The result also suggests that variety-seeking buyers may not get engaged even after satisfaction. Originality/value This paper is among the first to empirically test the moderating role of variety-seeking behaviour to achieve customer engagement.
Power Dissipation of Embedded Resistors

Increasing component density and the requirement for high performance electronic devices are driving the development of electronic systems with passive devices, especially resistors, embedded in both printed circuit boards and chip carriers. A recent innovation, where a thin film NiCr alloy resistive layer is sputtered onto rolls of copper foil, is one of the materials for embedded resistor applications. NiCr alloys possess high electrical resistivity, good electrical performance and high thermal stability. The selective etchability of NiCr alloys facilitates fabrication into embedded resistors. To enable high performance devices, an embedded resistor must meet certain tolerances and power ratings. The design of embedded resistors and printed circuit boards has a strong influence on the resistor tolerance and power dissipation ability of embedded resistors. Our experimental and FEA simulation results show that the power dissipation ability of an embedded resistor is determined by the resistor size, shape and the particular printed circuit board structure. These results can be used as design guidelines for embedded resistors.
Linear microbolometer arrays for space and terrestrial imaging

Linear detector array formats are suitable for applications where relative motion between the detector and scene provides an intrinsic scanning mechanism, such as industrial inspection systems and satellite-based earth and planetary observation. The linear array format facilitates the introduction readout features not available in 2-D formats and when combined with low cost packaging approaches reduces sensor cost. We present two linear uncooled detector arrays based on VOx microbolometer technology and integrated CMOS readout electronics. The IRL256B is a linear array of 256 detectors on a 52 μm pitch. It includes a parallel array of 256 reference detectors to provide coarse offset correction and substrate temperature drift compensation. The IRL512A consists of 3 parallel lines of 512 pixels on a 39 μm pitch. It is particularly well suited to multi-spectral pushbroom imaging applications. Each pixel includes active and reference detectors to reduce pixel offset, eliminate common mode power supply noise and increase immunity to chip temperature drift. All pixels are integrated in parallel and the data are output in 14-bit digital format on three parallel output buses. The microbolometer detector design can be customized for selected wavelength ranges from NIR to VLWIR. The IRL256B has been integrated in industrial thermal line-scan imagers and spectrometers and may also be employed in uncooled airborne imaging and scanned surveillance or inspection systems. The IRL512A has been selected as the baseline detector for a number of future earth observation satellite missions.
Design of a high speed processor system bus for notebook computers

A 133 MHz processor system bus (PSB) has been designed and developed for notebook computer systems running at core frequency of 500 MHz and beyond based on an enhanced gunning transceiver logic. We described the design flow and highlighted the design challenges unique to notebook computers, It is shown that with careful I/O circuit design, transmission line analysis and reliability consideration, the design target can be achieved. A similar approach can be applied to notebook computers with even higher bus frequency.
Cultural Backlash? How (Not) to Explain the Rise of Authoritarian Populism

Abstract This book review examines the theory of populism advanced by Pippa Norris and Ronald Inglehart in Cultural Backlash. The authors offer a distinct explanation of the rise of authoritarian populism in advanced democracies. As societies become more liberal over time, older, more conservative cohorts feel under threat of losing majority status and allegedly turn towards authoritarian-populist parties that promise to stop the tide of liberalism. However, this theory of populism finds little empirical support. In contrast to what the authors argue, there is no polarization of attitudes between younger and older cohorts, and younger cohorts are more likely to vote for authoritarian-populist parties. To substantiate this claim, I replicate many of the analyses in Cultural Backlash and add additional ones with the newest wave of the European Social Survey and the Chapel Hill Expert Survey. I conclude by observing that while the cultural backlash theory of populism does not hold, this does not invalidate cultural approaches more generally.
Nonline-of-Sight 3-D Imaging Using Millimeter-Wave Radar

Nonline-of-sight (NLOS) radar imaging is a novel technique that can inverse the scattering characteristics of targets in the NLOS area, which has been one of the hot pots of radar imaging field. However, the existing NLOS radar mainly focuses on 1-D or 2-D imaging, which inevitably suffers from the geometric loss of real 3-D scenes, and its applications are restricted in the urban environment. In this article, we propose an NLOS radar 3-D imaging model and method for looking around corner (LAC) situation by multi-input-multioutput (MIMO) millimeter-wave (mmW) array antennas. In this scheme, first, the model of NLOS radar 3-D imaging with mmW MIMO antennas is established and the multipath scattering of targets with this model is analyzed. Then, the theoretical resolution of LAC 3-D imaging is derived and discussed. Second, exploiting the three bounces of LAC and extraction of linear structure, an effective imaging algorithm with mirror projection theory and Radon transform, dubbed as mirror symmetry backprojection (MSBP), is proposed for 3-D image focusing. Moreover, to suppress the uncertainties of phase caused by both LAC and system error, the minimum entropy principle is introduced to MSBP. Finally, an NLOS 3-D imaging system with 77-GHz mmW MIMO radio frequency module and 2-D rails is developed. Different types of targets, such as metal balls and ornaments, are tested in LAC. The results demonstrate that our NLOS technique can not only provide a high-quality 3-D focusing of the hidden targets but also extract positions of targets without prior knowledge of the NLOS area.
Cotton Ginning Charges, Harvesting Practices, and Selected Marketing Costs, 1991-92

The average charge for saw-ginning and wrapping. a 480-pound net-weight bale of cotton in the United States Has 942.61 during the 1991/92 season, $1.07 below the average charge in 1990/91. The lOHer charge reflect- larger cotton production in recent years. There were a total of 1,500 active cotton gins operating in 14 primary cotton-producing States.