Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Method of Characteristic Modes Analysis and Manipulation for Antenna Design by Using Generalized Partial Element Equivalent Circuit

A method of analyzing characteristic modes (CMs) of antennas with multiple lumped LC loads is proposed based on the full-wave generalized partial element equivalent circuit (GPEEC) model. Different with traditional CMs analysis methods, this method can be integrated into an optimization algorithm. With this powerful engine, we can develop a systematic method to manipulate radiation CMs of a mobile terminal while preserving its aesthetic structure features of the industrial design. This method can reveal all possible radiation structure performances as traditional methods and even create new possible radiation modes to improve antenna performance. With the GPEEC model, a comprehensive analysis of antennas can be achieved simultaneously, including but not limited to simulating time-/frequency-domain responses, evaluating radiation efficiency contributed by the self- and mutual radiated power separately, and plotting current and field distribution. Three design examples are demonstrated, including analyzing the working mechanism of the self-curing decoupling technique for mobile terminals from the view of CMs, extending the bandwidth of an antenna in LTE-A low-frequency bands, and creating a pair of MIMO antennas in the low LTE-A bands. These examples are verified theoretically and experimentally, showing the high potential of this method in analyzing and designing antennas for mobile terminals.
Silicon nanocrystals from high‐temperature annealing: Characterization on device level

Silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) embedded in Si‐based dielectrics provide a Si‐based high band gap material (1.7 eV) and enable the construction of all‐crystalline Si tandem solar cells. However, Si nanocrystal formation involves high‐temperature annealing which deteriorates the properties of any previously established selective contacts. The inter‐diffusion of dopants during high‐temperature annealing alters Si NC formation and limits the built‐in voltage. Furthermore, most devices presented so far also involve electrically active bulk Si and therefore do not allow a clear separation of the observed photovoltaic effect of the nanocrystal layer from that of the bulk Si substrate. A membrane route is presented for nanocrystal based p–i–n solar cells to overcome these limitations. In this approach, the formation of both selective contacts is carried out after high‐temperature annealing and therefore not affected by the latter. p–i–n Solar cells are investigated with Si NCs embedded in silicon carbide in the intrinsic region. Device failure due to damaged insulation layers is analyzed by electron‐ and light beam induced current measurements. Open‐circuit voltages of 176 mV are shown for the NC layer. An optical model of the device is presented for improving the cell current. Comparison of the optical limit and the measured short circuit current demonstrates that the device is governed by recombination within the absorber layer.
Quantum statistical mechanics : Green's function methods in equilibrium and nonequilibrium problems

* Mathematical Introduction * Information Contained in G> and G> * The Hartree and Hartreee-Fock Approximations * Effect of Collisions on G * A Technique for Deriving Greens Function Approximations * Transport Phenomena * The Hartree Approximation, the Collisionless Boltzmann Equation, and the Random Phase Approximation * Relation between Real and Imaginary Time Response Functions * Slowly Varying Disturbances and the Boltzmann Equation * Quasi-Equilibrium Behavior: Sound Propagation * The Landau Theory of the Normal Fermi Liquid * The Shielded Potential * The T Approximation
Effects of an Interdisciplinary Approach in the Management of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Scoping Review

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is an umbrella term that encompasses many musculoskeletal problems that include the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint, and other associated structures. TMD can be divided into two large groups: those that affect the musculature and those that affect the joint. The treatment of TMD requires the combined skills of physiotherapists and dentists, as well as sometimes psychologists and other medical specialists. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the interdisciplinary approach using physiotherapy and dental techniques on pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). This is a Scoping Review of studies investigating the effects of combined therapy on patients with TMD. PRISMA guidelines were followed during this review’s design, search, and reporting stages. The search was carried out in the MEDLINE, CINHAL, and EMBASE databases. A total of 1031 studies were detected and analyzed by performing the proposed searches in the detailed databases. After removing duplicates and analyzing the titles and abstracts of the remaining articles, six studies were ultimately selected for this review. All the included studies showed a positive effect on pain decreasing after a combined intervention. The interdisciplinary approach characterized by the combination of manual therapy and splint or electrotherapy can positively influence the perceived symptoms; positively decrease pain; and reduce disability, occlusal impairments, and perception of change.
Adaptive Neural Network Actuator Failure Compensation Scheme for Quadrotor Trajectory Tracking Control

Aiming at the problems of parameter uncertainty and actuator failure, a trajectory tracking control scheme based on adaptive RBF neural network minimum parameter learning method and dynamic sliding surface is proposed. Firstly, a nonsingular dynamic sliding mode surface is designed, and the terminal sliding mode control law for trajectory tracking of the quadrotor UAV is derived. Secondly, an adaptive RBF neural network is used to compensate the uncertainties and actuator faults of the control system. The single parameter online learning is adopted to replace the whole weight vector online learning, which reduces the complexity of the controller design and avoids the problem of dimension disaster. Thirdly, the convergence and stability of the closed-loop system are proved using Lyapunov theory. Finally, the numerical simulation experiments verify the effectiveness of the control scheme. Compared with the traditional sliding mode control method, the RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of trajectory tracking is reduced by 8.2%.
Suivi et surveillance du traitement au trilostane

Depuis quelques années, le traitement de l’hypercorticisme spontané repose sur l’utilisation du trilostane (Vétoryl®, Dechra). Le but du traitement est de contrôler les signes tout en limitant les effets secondaires. Un suivi clinique et biologique des patients traités à l’aide de trilostane est donc nécessaire. Le test de stimulation à l’ACTH a longtemps été utilisé pour adapter le traitement. Toutefois, ce dernier présente plusieurs limites, à l’origine de plusieurs études tentant de lui trouver une alternative telle que le dosage du cortisol avant et après administration du trilostane, des haptoglobines, des ALAT et/ou des GGT sanguines. Les données disponibles à l’heure actuelle ne nous permettent pas de déterminer la méthode de suivi idéale du traitement au trilostane. Le principal outil de suivi reste l’évaluation clinique de l’animal et chaque examen biologique doit être interprété à la lumière de celle-ci.
The Genetics of Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A GWAS and Post-GWAS Update

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic, progressive cholestatic liver disease in which the small intrahepatic bile ducts are destroyed by autoimmune reactions. Among autoimmune diseases, which are polygenic complex traits caused by the combined contribution of genetic and environmental factors, PBC exhibits the strongest involvement of genetic heritability in disease development. As at December 2022, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and associated meta-analyses identified approximately 70 PBC susceptibility gene loci in various populations, including those of European and East Asian descent. However, the molecular mechanisms through which these susceptibility loci affect the pathogenesis of PBC are not fully understood. This study provides an overview of current data regarding the genetic factors of PBC as well as post-GWAS approaches to identifying primary functional variants and effector genes in disease-susceptibility loci. Possible mechanisms of these genetic factors in the development of PBC are also discussed, focusing on four major disease pathways identified by in silico gene set analyses, namely, (1) antigen presentation by human leukocyte antigens, (2) interleukin-12-related pathways, (3) cellular responses to tumor necrosis factor, and (4) B cell activation, maturation, and differentiation pathways.
Peripheral Defocus and Myopia Management: A Mini-Review

Myopia is the most common refractive error in the world, and its’ prevalence continually increases. The potential pathological and visual complications of progressive myopia have inspired researchers to study the sources of myopia, axial elongation, and explore modalities to arrest progression. Considerable attention has been given over the past few years to the myopia risk factor known as hyperopic peripheral blur, the focus of this review. The primary theories currently believed to be the cause of myopia, the parameters considered to contribute and influence the effect of peripheral blur, such as the surface retinal area or depth of blur will be discussed. The currently available optical devices designed to provide peripheral myopic defocus will be discussed, including bifocal and progressive addition ophthalmic lenses, peripheral defocus single vision ophthalmic lenses, orthokeratology lenses, and bifocal or multifocal center distance soft lenses, as well as their effectivity as mentioned in the literature to date.
Interplays of AMPK and TOR in Autophagy Regulation in Yeast

Cells survey their environment and need to balance growth and anabolism with stress programmes and catabolism towards maximum cellular bioenergetics economy and survival. Nutrient-responsive pathways, such as the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) interact and cross-talk, continuously, with stress-responsive hubs such as the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to regulate fundamental cellular processes such as transcription, protein translation, lipid and carbohydrate homeostasis. Especially in nutrient stresses or deprivations, cells tune their metabolism accordingly and, crucially, recycle materials through autophagy mechanisms. It has now become apparent that autophagy is pivotal in lifespan, health and cell survival as it is a gatekeeper of clearing damaged macromolecules and organelles and serving as quality assurance mechanism within cells. Autophagy is hard-wired with energy and nutrient levels as well as with damage-response, and yeasts have been instrumental in elucidating such connectivities. In this review, we briefly outline cross-talks and feedback loops that link growth and stress, mainly, in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a favourite model in cell and molecular biology.
A Review on Optimal Energy Management in Commercial Buildings

The rising cost and demand for energy have prompted the need to devise innovative methods for energy monitoring, control, and conservation. In addition, statistics show that 20% of energy losses are due to the mismanagement of energy. Therefore, the utilization of energy management can make a substantial contribution to reducing the unnecessary usage of energy consumption. In line with that, the intelligent control and optimization of energy management systems integrated with renewable energy resources and energy storage systems are required to increase building energy efficiency while considering the reduction in the cost of energy bills, dependability of the grid, and mitigating carbon emissions. Even though a variety of optimization and control tactics are being utilized to reduce energy consumption in buildings nowadays, several issues remain unsolved. Therefore, this paper presents a critical review of energy management in commercial buildings and a comparative discussion to improve building energy efficiency using both active and passive solutions, which could lead to net-zero energy buildings. This work also explores different optimum energy management controller objectives and constraints concerning user comfort, energy policy, data privacy, and security. In addition, the review depicts prospective future trends and issues for developing an effective building energy management system, which may play an unavoidable part in fulfilling the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Steady and Unsteady Boundary-Layer Separation

The inspiring review oflaminar separation by Brown & Stewartson (1969) begins thus: "The phenomenon of separation is one of the most interesting features of the motion of an incompressible fluid past a bluff body at high Reynolds number. Here the main stream, which has hitherto been in close contact with the body, suddenly, and for no obvious reason, breaks away, and downstream a region of eddying flow, which is usually turbulent even if the flow elsewhere is laminar, is set up. " These opening lines-which were followed by the above authors' brilliant and timely discourse emphasizing the difficulties associated with separation in classical boundary layers­ make an apt beginning for the present article on the current state of the art. The main feature, to which Brown & Stewarts on in fact alluded strongly, is that given the failure [due to singularities of the S. Goldstein (1948) type] in classical theory at separation, a fresh nonclassical start is necessary for high-Reynolds-number theory to encompass separating flow. This start was made by Stewartson & Williams (1969), Neiland (1969), and Messiter (1970). Our aim is to go from the significant advances made since 1969 to the recent developments and the possible areas of progress in the near future for the rational theory 'of steady and unsteady separation. The physical and theoretical understanding that can emerge from the study of flow structures at large characteristic Reynolds numbers Re is valuable for many reasons. Three major ones are the helpful comparisons with experiments and numerical results, the foundation such study gives to
Evaluate the Effectiveness of Fall Prevention Exercise Posture for Elderly

Elderly who live in communities, falls are the major cause of unintentional injuries and premature mortality. 21 exercise set postures were developed and designed from the 9-step dance and aerobic workout under the project “Development of Edge Computing and Exercise Platform Using 3D Motion Analysis for Elderly Mobility Disorder Prevention”. The main objective of creating exercise set is fall prevention in elderly people since we believe that the postures able to enhance balance body movement in three muscle parts; upper limb, lower limb, and trunk. However, the effectiveness of exercise posture never be evaluated. Three physical education experts were invited to provide the score of 20 major muscles of the posture in the exercise set. The muscles were graded based on five likert scale (from strongly focus to strongly poor). The overall result shown that upper limb and lower limb were graded moderate while truck muscle was poor. The average score of each major muscle is also presented in the paper.
Properties of Ga1−xMnxAs with high x (>0.1)

We have investigated the magnetic and the crystalline properties of a set of Ga1−xMnxAs layers with high nominal Mn compositions (x=0.101–0.198). Magnetization measurements and combined channeling Rutherford backscattering (c-RBS) and particle induced x-ray emission (c-PIXE) measurements have been performed to determine the effective Mn composition xeff and the fraction of Mn atoms at various lattice sites. Here, xeff determined from magnetization measurements, which increases with increasing x, is consistent with the results determined from c-RBS-PIXE measurements.
Blind Separation of Two Human Speech Signals using Natural Gradient Algorithm by Employing the Assumptions of Independent Component Analysis

This paper uses the Natural Gradient Algorithm (NGA) to separate two mixed signals into their original components using the ICA assumption of statistical independence of the source signals. The NGA used is formulated using instantaneous Blind Signal Processing where time delay is not factored in the computation of the independent signals. The design uses a 2 x 2 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system to accept the two blind speech signals, mix them and separate them to retain their original form or their filtered version. The Fibonacci activation function is used in iterating the coefficients of the NGA up to 1000 times where the best separation is achieve. The result shows that the separation is achieved to the level where the wave formation and frequency spectrum significantly reflect those of the input signals and on listening to the separated signal resembles the original signals, as well.
Magnetization processes and optimal performance of magnetostrictive piezoelectric sensors

We discuss the magnetization processes in sensors based on the superposition of a magneto‐ restrictive amorphous ribbon over a piezoelectric plate. These devices show an unusual behavior of the null condition in the response curves, which we have related theoretically and experimentally to the coercive force of the magnetic sample and to changes in the magnetic domain pattern for frequencies near the longitudinal piezoelectric resonance frequency.
Developing an Incivility Dictionary for German Online Discussions – a Semi-Automated Approach Combining Human and Artificial Knowledge

ABSTRACT Incivility in online discussions has become an important issue in political communication research. Instruments and tools for the automated analysis of uncivil content, however, are rare, especially for non-English user-generated text. In this study, we present a) an extensive dictionary (DIKI - Diktionär für Inzivilität, English: Dictionary for Incivility) to detect incivility in German-language online discussions, and b) a semi-automated two-step-approach that combines manual content analysis with automated keyword collection using a pre-trained word embedding model. We show that DIKI clearly outperforms comparable dictionaries that have been used as alternative instruments to measure incivility (e.g., the LIWC) as well as basic machine learning approaches to text classification. Further, we provide evidence that pre-trained word embeddings can fruitfully be employed in the explorative phase of creating dictionaries. Still, the manual evaluation of DIKI confirms that detecting complex and context-dependent forms of incivility remains challenging and constant update would be needed to maintain performance. Finally, the detailed documentation of the developing and evaluation process of DIKI may serve as a guideline for further research. We therefore provide DIKI as a freely available instrument that also will be applicable in a web interface for drag-and-drop data analysis (diki.limitedminds.org).
Self-Supervised Distilled Learning for Multi-modal Misinformation Identification

Rapid dissemination of misinformation is a major societal problem receiving increasing attention. Unlike Deep-fake, Out-of-Context misinformation, in which the unaltered unimode contents (e.g. image, text) of a multi-modal news sample are combined in an out-of-context manner to generate deception, requires limited technical expertise to create. Therefore, it is more prevalent a means to confuse readers. Most existing approaches extract features from its uni-mode counterparts to concatenate and train a model for the misinformation classification task. In this paper, we design a self-supervised feature representation learning strategy that aims to attain the multi-task objectives: (1) task-agnostic, which evaluates the intra- and inter-mode representational consistencies for improved alignments across related models; (2) task-specific, which estimates the category-specific multi-modal knowledge to enable the classifier to derive more discriminative predictive distributions. To compensate for the dearth of annotated data representing varied types of misinformation, the proposed Self-Supervised Distilled Learner (SSDL) utilizes a Teacher network to weakly guide a Student network to mimic a similar decision pattern as the teacher. The two-phased learning of SSDL can be summarized as: initial pretraining of the Student model using a combination of contrastive self-supervised task-agnostic objective and supervised task-specific adjustment in parallel; finetuning the Student model via self-supervised knowledge distillation blended with the supervised objective of decision alignment. In addition to the consistent out-performances over the existing baselines that demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, the explainability capacity of the proposed SSDL also helps users visualize the reasoning behind a specific prediction made by the model.
APE2: catalytic function and synthetic lethality draw attention as a cancer therapy target

Abstract AP endonuclease 2 (APE2, APEX2 or APN2) is an emerging critical protein involved in genome and epigenome integrity. Whereas its catalytic function as a nuclease in DNA repair is widely accepted, recent studies have elucidated the function and mechanism of APE2 in the immune response and DNA damage response. Several genome-wide screens have identified APE2 as a synthetic lethal target for deficiencies of BRCA1, BRCA2 or TDP1 in cancer cells. Due to its overexpression in several cancer types, APE2 is proposed as an oncogene and could serve as prognostic marker of overall survival of cancer treatment. However, it remains to be discovered whether and how APE2 catalytic function and synthetic lethality can be modulated and manipulated as a cancer therapy target. In this review, we provide a current understanding of alterations and expression of APE2 in cancer, the function of APE2 in the immune response, and mechanisms of APE2 in ATR/Chk1 DNA damage response. We also summarize the role of APE2 in DNA repair pathways in the removal of heterogenous and complexed 3’-termini and MMEJ. Finally, we provide an updated perspective on how APE2 may be targeted for cancer therapy and future directions of APE2 studies in cancer biology.
On the diffusion algorithm for density‐equalizing maps with piecewise constant initial data

We mathematically analyze the diffusion‐based algorithm to produce maps with a given Jacobian, introduced independently by M. T. Gastner and M. E. J. Newman (2004) and ourselves (2003), but in particular cases where the initial density has line or angle discontinuities in the plane. In this situation, the conclusion reinforces the conjecture that the algorithm is always well‐posed, in accordance with its extensive numerical use in some areas of applied sciences (cartograms, sensor networks, computational grids, or image registration). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Analysis of Cyber Breaches and Effects on Shareholder Wealth

Abstract Cyber data breaches are an evolving risk facing all firms and threatens their ability to conduct business activity. Due to a lack of available information, very little is known about the frequency and severity of data breaches and the financial markets’ responses to them. This study uses a unique proprietary data set that includes cyber data breach information for 3,992 publicly traded firms during the 1990 to 2019 period. We find cyber breaches vary with time and cyber criminals focus on particular industries, types of information, access sources, and countries. We find significant short run negative abnormal returns around the announcement of cyber events and larger negative returns in industries with higher frequencies of attacks and attacks involving personal financial information. Additionally, we find increasing negative cumulative abnormal returns up to 250 days after the announcement.