Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Cognitive Effects of Video-Induced Negative Affect in College Students: A Comparative Study between Acute Exercise and Music Listening

Background: Video-induced negative affect may have an impact on cognition. In this study, acute exercise and music listening are used to explore their impact on individual cognition with video-induced negative affect. Method: All the participants were randomly divided into six groups. Group 1 (n = 19, average age = 20.15) was not given any form of acute exercise or music listening; Group 2 (n = 20, average age = 21.33) was given music listening; Group 3 (n = 20, average age = 20.89) was given acute exercise; Group 4 (n = 20, average age = 21.03) only watched a video without being given any acute exercise or music listening; Group 5 (n = 19, average age = 20.68) was given music listening after watching a video; Group 6 (n = 18, average age = 21.32) was given acute exercise after watching a video. Results: In the pre-test, we found that there was no significant difference in negative affect, positive affect, and cognitive performance among the groups (p > .05). The post-test indicated that the negative affect of college students who watched the video (20.16 ± 8.34) was higher than that of college students who did not watch the video (11.12 ± 3.29). Acute exercise and music listening improved the cognitive performance of college students with video-induced negative affect. Acute exercise improved the cognitive performance of college students with non-video-induced negative affect, while music listening did not. Conclusion: The acute decline in the cognitive performance of college students caused by video-induced negative affect can be ameliorated by means of acute exercise and music listening.
Rapid, label-free optical spectroscopy platform for diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

In this study, we propose the use of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to determine spectral markers that can aid in the recognition of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), a difficult-to-diagnose immune-related complication that often leads to limb ischemia and thromboembolism . The ability to produce distinct molecular signatures without requiring addition of exogenous labels enables unbiased inquiry and makes SERS an attractive complementary diagnostic tool for various complex pathologies. Specifically, we have designed a new plasmonic capillary flow platform that offers ultrasensitive , label-free measurement capability as well as efficient handling of blood serum samples. The optimized capillary channel shows excellent reproducibility and long-term stability and, crucially, provides an alternative diagnostic rubric for determination of HIT by leveraging machine-learning based classification of the spectroscopic data. With further refinement, we envision that a portable Raman instrument could be combined with the capillary-based SERS analytical tool for rapid, non-destructive determination of HIT in the clinical laboratory, without perturbing the existing diagnostic workflow.
When did cores of clusters of galaxies form

Recently there has been a rapid growth of observational evidence which indicates that most clusters of galaxies are at present composed of two dynamically distinct entities: a core of high central concentration which seems to be relaxed and virialized and an extended region of infalling matter on larger scales. In this paper, the usual procedure for determining the time of breakaway of these structures from the general expansion is improved by correcting the cosmological density contrast in an open universe for an arbitrary perturbation at its turnaround redshift Zt. An expression for Zt is derived in terms of observed properties, and its dependence on the model of collapse is discussed. 31 refs.
Ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism of 3d metal overlayers on noble-metal substrates

We report on a systematic study based on the full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave method for 3d transition metals (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) as monolayers on the Ag(001) surface. For all systems we find a ferromagnetic solution and in most cases also an antiferromagnetic one, both partly with very large magnetic moments. By a total energy analysis we show that V, Cr, and Mn overlayers favour the c(2 × 2) antiferromagnetic superstructure while Ti, Fe, Co, and Ni order in the ferromagnetic p(1 × 1) configuration.
General Representations of Quivers

We investigate general representations of a quiver Q. There are two main questions that we shall address. The first, which was raised by Kac, is to find the dimension vectors of the summands of a general representation of dimension vector a; the second is to find the dimension vectors of the subrepresentations of a general representation of dimension vector a. These two questions are closely related. One consequence of our investigation is to find an algorithm to compute the canonical decomposition of an arbitrary dimension vector in terms of the Euler form of the quiver
Etiopathogenesis of Canine Cruciate Ligament Disease: A Scoping Review

Simple Summary The spontaneous rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in the stifle joints of dogs is one of the most common veterinary orthopedic problems. Largely unknown mechanisms progressively weaken intra-articular structures which eventually fail; joint instability, osteoarthritic changes, pain, and dysfunction are the sequels. In general, surgical treatment is recommended aiming at stabilizing the hypermobile joint by a variety of surgical methods. Despite much progress in rendering surgical treatment more efficient, osteoarthritic changes, although effectively mitigated by surgery, continue, and persist. Improved knowledge on the causes of joint and ligament degradation would aid prevention and treatment. This review focuses on papers contributing to knowledge of the causes, that is, on local and systemic features, and on articular inflammatory and degenerative changes. Based on recent work, a systemic, metabolic multifactorial disease background emerged, and a new, generally accepted term has been coined: “canine cruciate ligament disease”. Primary osteoarthritis and collagen degradation seem to be the underlying key features of cruciate ligament disease. Besides redefining the pathogenesis in the dog, these findings render the canine joint disease a potentially useful clinical animal model for human osteoarthritic diseases. Thus, trying to unravel the enigma of spontaneous cruciate ligament disease may benefit the treatment of both canine and human degenerative joint disease, in general. Abstract The spontaneous rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs remains a pathoetiologic puzzle. Despite much progress in research over the past years, the systemic and local mechanisms leading to ligament degeneration and structural failure remain largely obscure. This scoping review focuses on pathogenesis and aims at summarizing and interpreting today’s knowledge on causes of canine cruciate ligament rupture, i.e., the multifactorial mechanisms leading to degenerative stifle joint disease with collagen matrix degeneration and structural failures. Thus, the initial view of traumatic ligament rupture, fostered by “wear and tear”, has clearly been replaced by a new concept of systemic processes linked to progressive degenerative joint disease and ligament failure; thus, the term “cranial cruciate ligament disease” has been coined and is generally accepted. In addition, cruciate ligament rupture in people shares some similarities with the lesion in dogs; therefore, the review also includes comparative studies. The methods used were based on the PRISMA-ScR model (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews).
Comparison of Productivity and Agro-Biological Traits of Alfalfa Populations Resistant to Mobile Al Grown on Acidic and Neutral Soils

To evaluate the agro-biological traits and select the promising populations of alfalfa under pedoclimatic conditions, field experiments were carried out in two locations of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (western Lithuania 55°70′ N, 21°49′ E and central Lithuania 55°23′ N, 23°51′ E). Eleven populations were established in acidic soil with a pH of 4.0 (experimental site I) and neutral soil with a pH of 7.0 (experimental site II). The productivity and agro-biological traits: fresh matter yield, dry matter yield, seed yield, stem thickness, and stem, leaf, and inflorescence weight of alfalfa populations were evaluated from 2019 to 2021. In the acidic soil, the populations 3056, 3132, 3130, and 3058 yielded more fresh and dry matter compared to the standard cultivar Birutė in the period from 2019 to 2021. In the acidic soil, populations 3131 and 3057 had a higher seed yield compared to the cultivar Birutė in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The 3086 population significantly differed in leaf weight compared to the cultivar Birutė. The cultivar Birutė and population 3132 were similar in stem thickness and fresh matter yield. In the neutral soil, population 3056 yielded more fresh matter compared to the cultivar Birutė.
Low-energy diffuse scattering electron-spin polarization analyzer

A new, compact (approximately fist sized), efficient electron‐spin analyzer is described. It is based on low‐energy (150 eV) diffuse scattering from a high‐Z target, for example, an evaporated polycrystalline Au film opaque to the incident electron beam. By collecting a large solid angle of scattered electrons, a figure of merit S2I/I0=10−4 is achieved with an analyzing power S=0.11. The figure of merit degrades only marginally (<10%) for beams with an energy width of 40 eV or after one month of operation at 10−8 Torr. The electron optical acceptance is of order 100 mm2 sr eV. The details of the design and construction are discussed and its performance is compared to six other spin analyzers. Illustrative results are presented from an application to scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis (SEMPA) to image magnetic microstructure.
Local Polynomial Mixed-Effects Models for Longitudinal Data

We consider a nonparametric mixed-effects model yi(tij)=η(tij)+vi(tij)+ϵi(tij),j=1,2,…,ni;i=1,2,…,n for longitudinal data. We propose combining local polynomial kernel regression and linear mixed-effects (LME) model techniques to estimate both fixedeffects (population) curve η(t) and random-effects curves vi(t). The resulting estimator, called the local polynomial LME (LLME) estimator, takes the local correlation structure of the longitudinal data into account naturally. We also propose new bandwidth selection strategies for estimating η(t) and vi(t). Simulation studies show that our estimator for η(t) is superior to the existing estimators in the sense of mean squared errors. The asymptotic bias, variance, mean squared errors, and asymptotic normality are established for the LLME estimators of η(t). When ni is bounded and n tends to infinity, our LLME estimator converges in a standard nonparametric rate, and the asymptotic bias and variance are essentially the same as those of the kernel generalized estimating equation estimator proposed by Lin and Carroll. But when both ni and n tend to infinity, the LLME estimator is consistent with a slower rate of n1/2 compared to the standard nonparametric rate, due to the existence of within-subject correlations of longitudinal data. We illustrate our methods with an application to a longitudinal dataset.
Large-scale single-pixel imaging via deep learning

Single-pixel imaging uses a single-pixel detector to capture all photons emitted from the two-dimensional scene, and then calculates and reconstructs the two-dimensional target scene image from the one-dimensional measurement data through single-pixel reconstruction methods (such as linear superposition, compressed sensing or deep learning) based on the one-dimensional acquisition data and the corresponding illumination coding. Compared with traditional cameras, single-pixel imaging has the advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio and wide spectrum. Due to these advantages, single-pixel imaging has been widely used in multispectral imaging. However, the traditional single-pixel image reconstruction methods have some disadvantages, such as low resolution, huge time consuming and poor reconstruction quality. In this paper, we propose a single-pixel image reconstruction method based on neural network. Compared with the traditional single-pixel image reconstruction method, this method has better reconstruction quality at lower sampling rate. Specifically, in this model, we first use a small optimized-patterns to simulate a single-pixel camera to sample the image to obtain the measured values, and then extract multi-channel high-dimensional semantic features from the sampled values through a high-dimensional semantic feature extraction network. Then, the multi-scale residual network module is used to construct the feature pyramid up-sampling module to up sample the high-dimensional semantic features. In the training process, the network parameters and pattern are jointly optimized to obtain the optimal network model and pattern. With the help of large-scale and pre-training, our reconstructed image has higher resolution, shorter reconstruction time and better reconstruction quality.
Omega-K Algorithm for Bistatic SAR With Arbitrary Geometry Configuration

Compared to the common monostatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR), the bistatic SAR data are more challenging to process because of their complicated flight geometry. Although several bistatic SAR image formation algorithms have been presented, most of them are only able to handle azimuth-invariant bistatic configuration where the transmitter and receiver platforms are moving in parallel tracks with identical velocities. This paper proposes an Omega-K algorithm to handle a general case of bistatic SAR data. The two-dimensional frequency spectrum expression derived by the method of series reversion is rewritten to a new form with explicit geometric significance. Based on this new frequency spectrum expression, the frequency mapping function can be derived by making use of the multivariable Taylor's theorem. After data mapping operation, the coupling between the range and azimuth can be eliminated, and the final focused image can be obtained using FFT technology. Numerical simulations are performed to validate the proposed algorithm.
Book Review: From why to how: Organising and Strategising for Degrowth

Acker, J. (1990) ‘Hierarchies, Jobs, Bodies: A Theory of Gendered Organizations’, Gender & Society 4(2): 139–58. Acker, J. (2006) ‘Inequality Regimes: Gender, Class, and Race in Organizations’, Gender & Society 20(4): 441–64. Diprose, M. (2002) Corporeal Generosity: On Giving With Nietzsche, Merleau-Ponty and Levinas. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. Gilligan, C. (1982) In a Different Voice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Grandy, G. and Śliwa, M. (2017) ‘Contemplative Leadership: The Possibilities for the Ethics of Leadership Theory and Practice’, Journal of Business Ethics 143(3): 423–40. Levinas, E. (1998) On Thinking-of-the-Other: Entre Nous. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
Structure of merger remnants. 4: Isophotal shapes

This paper examines the shapes of isophotes of galaxy merger remnants. More specifically, we perform a series of numerical experiments to study galaxy mergers. The simulations explore a variety of encounter geometries, types of progenitor galaxies, and particle numbers. We 'observe' each of the remnants from 64 viewpoints to estimate how the isophotal shapes vary with the orientation of the remnant. Also, by comparing the results from the various simulations, we learn how encounter geometry and the structure of the progenitors can affect the shape of the remnants. The encounter geometry, the structure of the progenitors, and the orientation of the remnant play deciding roles in the shape of the 'observed' isophotes, so much so that these simulated merger remnants have both 'boxy' and 'disky' isophotes and ellipticities ranging from E0 to E7. Thus, the shapes seen in our merger simulation remnants span a similar range to observed isophotal shapes of real galaxies. Furthermore, to estimate the errors in this analysis, we introduce the statistical bootstrap. Bootstrapping is used rather widely in observational astronomy when dealing with small samples; however, its use is practically unheard of for tackling theoretical problems. We believe that bootstrapping can be extremely useful for dealing with the small samples found in numerical simulations; therefore, we present the rudiments and basis of the technique with emphasis on its use in N-body calculations. Also, by comparing the errors for the smaller simulations with those of the larger ones, we speculate on the number of particles required to accurately explore isophotal shapes in simulations.
Examination of laser-induced heating on multi-component chalcogenide glass

Next-generation infrared (IR) optical components based on chalcogenide glasses (ChGs) may include structures which benefit from the enhanced optical function offered by spatially modifying regions with a nanocrystalline phase. Such modification may be envisioned if the means by which such spatial control of crystallization can be determined using the advantages offered through three-dimensional direct laser write (DLW) processes. While ChGs are well known to have good transparency in the IR, they typically possess lower thresholds for photo- and thermally- induced property changes as compared to other glasses such as silicates. Such low thresholds can result in material responses that include photoexpansion, large thermo-optic increases, mechanical property changes, photo-induced crystallization, and ablation. The present study examines changes in ChG material response realized by exposing the material to different laser irradiation conditions in order to understand the effects of these conditions on such material property changes. Thresholds for photoexpansion and ablation were studied by varying the exposure time and power with sub-bandgap illumination and evidence of laser induced phase change were examined. Simulations were carried out to estimate the temperature increase from the irradiation and the tolerances and stability of the calculations were examined. The models suggest that the processes may have components that are non-thermal in nature.
Combination therapy of adoptive T cell therapy and immune checkpoint blockades engages distinct mechanisms in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells

Adoptive transfer of tumor-reactive T cells (ACT) has led to significant clinical responses in hematological malignancies. However, its efficacy in solid tumors has been dismal, likely due to the immunosuppression imposed by the tumor microenvironment (TME) of solid tumors. A proven effective strategy to revert the immunosuppressive TME is immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) including anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 that have been recently approved by FDA for cancer therapy. Here, using the orthotopic B16-F10 melanoma model, we combine ACT of PMEL-1 Tg+ CTLs that recognize the endogenous melanoma antigen gp100 with dual blockade of CTLA-4 and PD-1, the highly-pursued effective combinatorial ICB, to treat established tumors. Although ACT alone transiently suppresses tumor growth, complete tumor regression requires additional dual anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 blockade. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the ICOS-Eomes-IFN-g axis in the transferred CTLs plays a predominant role in mediating the therapeutic effects of ACT and ICBs, distinct from the dominant ICOS-T-bet-IFN-g axis in CD4+ T cells that we previously identified. Our data provide direct evidence that combining ACT of CTLs with ICBs confers long-term protection to solid tumors, which largely depends on CTL-intrinsic expression of ICOS.
Predicting Decent Work Among US Black Workers: Examining Psychology of Working Theory

The U.S. has a history of marginalizing Black people. Marginalization impedes Black Americans’ ability to secure wealth, education, and meaningful work. The Psychology of Working Theory (PWT) uses a social justice lens to understand how contextual factors inform the labor market experiences of those who work and want to work. PWT highlights the ways economic constraints and marginalization predict access to decent work. We tested the PWT model with two measures of marginalization, general ethnic discrimination, and racial microaggressions, with a sample of 241 Black workers to add to the extant literature about the suitability of the PWT for racial minorities. Diverging from previous studies, we found that marginalization predicted career adaptability. Consistent with previous studies, marginalization and economic constraints predicted Black workers’ work volition and perceived access to decent work. Work volition mediated the relationship between general ethnic discrimination and economic constraints with the perception of attaining decent work.
Young’s semi-normal representation of the symmetric group

Introduction. The main purpose of this note is to give a new (shorter and more elementary) derivation of A. Young’s semi-normal representation of the symmetric group. As a starting point we take the discussions by H. Weyl ([6], Chap. IV, 2, 3) and D. E. Littlewood ([4], Chap. V, especially 4). Denote the partition m 1 + + K, 1 >= => K > 0 by (},). We represent (},) geometrically by an array of squares; }, in the 1st row, }, in the K-th row; the j-th squares of the rows making a column. The m squares or fields of the array are labelled by the numbers from 1 to m in such a way that the labels in every row increase from left to right and in every column increase from top to bottom. The array thus labelled is called a regular Young diagram belonging to the partition (k). Associated with each partition (},) of m there is an irreducible matrix representation of the symmetric group, (R)m, of degree m. The degree g(k) of this representation is equal to the number of regular Young diagrams belonging to (). Let the label of the field in the a-th row and -th column of a regular diagram, T, be denoted by a(a, t). If T and T’ both belong to (k) we say that (1) T precedes T’ if each of the fields labelled m, m 1,. m r 1 lies in the same row in both diagrams, but the field m r lies in a lower row in T than in T’. We enumerate the regular diagrams belonging to (k) according to this ordering. Now number the partitions () of m according to their dictionary order and denote by T(ij) the j-th regular Young diagram belonging to the i-th partition of m. Corresponding to each diagram T(ij) we shall define a primitive idempotent e(ij) in the group -ring, 9m, of m. [ is here the field of complex numbers. ] Let e(i) e(ij), summed for j from 1 to g(k). Then the two sided ideal e(i)9 of 9m is a total matrix algebra I I(k), of degree g(), homomorphic with 9 under the mapping x -x(i) e(i)x; and is the direct sum of the simple algebras I. The next step is the choice of elements e(ijk), j, ] 1,. g(k), which constitute an ordinary matrix basis ([1], p. 7) for I. In the terminology of representation theory the element x of 9 is ordered to the matrix B(x)