Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-Hermitian transparency and one-way transport in low-dimensional lattices by an imaginary gauge field

Unidirectional and robust transport is generally observed at the edge of two- or three-dimensional quantum Hall and topological insulator systems. A hallmark of these systems is topological protection, i.e. the existence of propagative edge states that cannot be scattered by imperfections or disorder in the system. A different and less explored form of robust transport arises in non-Hermitian systems in the presence of an {\it imaginary} gauge field. As compared to topologically-protected transport in quantum Hall and topological insulator systems, robust non-Hermitian transport can be observed in {\it lower} dimensional (i.e. one dimensional) systems. In this work the transport properties of one-dimensional tight-binding lattices with an imaginary gauge field are theoretically investigated, and the physical mechanism underlying robust one-way transport is highlighted. Back scattering is here forbidden because reflected waves are evanescent rather than propagative. Remarkably, the spectral transmission of the non-Hermitian lattice is shown to be mapped into the one of the corresponding Hermitian lattice, i.e. without the gauge field, {\it but} computed in the complex plane. In particular, at large values of the gauge field the spectral transmittance becomes equal to one, even in the presence of disorder or lattice imperfections. This phenomenon can be referred to as {\it one-way non-Hermitian transparency}. Robust one-way transport can be also realized in a more realistic setting, namely in heterostructure systems, in which a non-Hermitian disordered lattice is embedded between two homogeneous Hermitian lattices. Such a double heterostructure realizes asymmetric (non-reciprocal) wave transmission. A physical implementation of non-Hermtian transparency, based on light transport in a chain of optical microring resonators, is suggested.
Hamiltonian formulation of bond graphs

This paper deals with the mathematical formulation of bond graphs. It is proven that the power continuous part of bond graphs, the junction structure, can be associated with a Dirac structure and that the equations describing a bond graph model correspond to a port Hamiltonian system. The conditions for well-posedness of the modelled system are given, and representations suitable for numerical simulation are derived. The index of the representations is analyzed and sufficient conditions for computational eAEciency are given. The results are applied to some models arising in automotive applications
The Effect of Urban Expansion on Peripheral Agricultural Lands in Makurdi City

This study investigated the effects of urban sprawl on peripheral agricultural lands in Makurdi City over the period 1999-2012. The study conducted a land use and vegetation cover change (LULCC) analysis using remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) data to analyze two epochs of Land Sat imagery, 1999 and 2012, acquired to achieve the objective. It was found that between 1999 and 2012, urban sprawl had a negative impact on peripheral agricultural land in Makurdi town, as it significantly reduced peripheral agricultural land. The study also revealed that despite the adverse impact of urban sprawl on peripheral agricultural lands in Makurdi town, its socio-economic impact has led to the establishment of infrastructural facilities such as roads, electricity, markets, and parks. Therefore, the study recommended that the agricultural landscape plan be incorporated by the government into urban land use planning systems so that urbanization does not interfere with agricultural activities and thus maximize their collective benefits.
Association of inflammatory markers with survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy as first line treatment

Background The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors has changed the landscape of first-line treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer. Currently, the prognostic significance of inflammatory markers in first-line immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy for gastric cancer is currently unclear. This study aimed to identify inflammatory markers with potential to predict treatment outcome in advanced gastric cancer patients receiving immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy. Methods This retrospective study enrolled untreated advanced or metastatic gastric or gastro-esophageal junction cancer patients from 5 clinical trials (the clinical trial cohort) and the real world (the real-word cohort). Inflammatory markers included in the analysis included neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic inflammation index (SII), and derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to identify optimal cut-off values. The prognostic potential of the markers was determined using Kaplan–Meier analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox-regression analyses in the clinical trial cohort and the findings were validated in the real-world cohort. Results In the clinical trial cohort (n=45), MLR, PLR and SII were associated with PFS but not OS (All P<0.05), while dNLR was not correlated with PFS or OS. Only NLR was associated with PFS and OS and identified as an independent prognostic predictor in the univariate and multivariate analyses. The prognostic value of NLR was validated in the real-world cohort (n=55). Conclusions NLR was a strong predictor of PFS and OS in patients with advanced gastric cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy. Further prospective studies are required to validate our results.
Systematic study of directed flow at RHIC energies

Directed flow, v1, of charged hadrons has been measured in Au-Au collisions at RHIC for center-of-mass energies √sNN = 19.6, 130, 62.4, and 200 GeV using the PHOBOS detector. The large acceptance of PHOBOS for charged particles allows measurements over the full range of pseudorapidity |η| < 5.4. The results for a symmetric subevent method are shown at all four energies. Comparison is made to a mixed harmonic method for the highest energy, and compared to similar results from the STAR collaboration.
Effect of electron doping on lattice instabilities in single-layer 1 H -TaS 2

Recent ARPES measurements of single-layer 1H-TaS2 grown on Au(111) suggest strong electron doping from the substrate. In addition, STM/STS measurements on this system show suppression of the charge-density-wave (CDW) instability that occurs in bulk 2H-TaS2. We present results from ab initio DFT calculations of free-standing single-layer 1H-TaS2 to explore the effects of doping on the CDW. In the harmonic approximation, we find that a lattice instability along the Gamma-M line occurs in the undoped monolayer, consistent with the bulk 3x3 CDW ordering vector. Doping removes the CDW instability, in agreement with the experimental findings. The doping and momentum dependence of both the electron-phonon coupling and of the bare phonon energy (unscreened by metallic electrons) determine the stability of lattice vibrations. Electron doping also causes an expansion of the lattice, so strain is a secondary but also relevant effect.
The infrared spectrum of the eruptive star PU Vulpeculae.

The infrared spectrum of what is probably a symbiotic nova showed both the CO absorption lines characteristic of a cool star and a rich emission line spectrum. The hydrogen emission line flux ratios do not agree with case B. If the conditions are however not too far from case B and the lines are formed in a wind from the hot component of the binary, a mass loss rate of about 4 10 −6 M ⊙ yr −1 in 1988 is calculated. Analysis of line profiles shows the presence of two peaks in addition to the main one. This structure is most probably due to bipolar flow. An explanation in terms of an accretion disk created before the outburst is unlikely
Comparative transcriptomics reveals small RNA composition and differential microRNA responses underlying interferon-mediated antiviral regulation in porcine alveolar macrophages

Previous studies have shown that interferon-mediated antiviral activity is subtype-dependent. Using a whole transcriptome procedure, we aimed to characterize the small RNA transcriptome (sRNA-Seq) and specifically the differential microRNA (miRNA) responses in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) upon antiviral activation during viral infection and interferon (IFN) stimulation. Data showed that near 90% of the qualified reads of sRNA were miRNAs, and about 10% of the other sRNAs included rRNA, snoRNA, snRNA, and tRNA in order of enrichment. As the majority of sRNA (>98%) were commonly detected in all PAM samples under different treatments, about 2% sRNA were differentially expressed between the different antiviral treatments. Focusing on miRNA, 386 miRNA were profiled, including 331 known and 55 novel miRNA sequences, of which most were ascribed to miRNA families conserved among vertebrates, particularly mammalian species. Of the miRNA profiles comparably generated across the different treatments, in general, significantly differentially expressed miRNA (SEM) demonstrated that: (1) the wild-type and vaccine strains of a porcine arterivirus (a.k.a., PRRSV) induced nearly reversed patterns of up- or down-regulated SEMs; (2) similar SEM patterns were found among the treatments by the vaccine strain and antiviral IFN-α1/-ω5 subtypes; and (3) the weak antiviral IFN-ω1, however, remarked a suppressive SEM pattern as to SEMs upregulated in the antiviral treatments by the vaccine and IFN-α1/-ω5 subtypes. Further articulation identified SEMs commonly or uniquely expressed in different treatments, and experimentally validated that some SEMs including miR-10b and particularly miR-9-1 acted significantly in regulation of differential antiviral reactions stimulated by different IFN subtypes. Therefore, this study provides a general picture of porcine sRNA composition and pinpoints key SEMs underlying antiviral regulation in PAMs correlated to a typical respiratory RNA virus in pigs.
Prediction of the shaft resistance of nondisplacement piles in sand

Using pile segment analysis, the mobilized shaft resistance of axially loaded nondisplacement piles in sand is investigated here. It is accepted that the shaft capacity of piles constructed in granular soils is highly influenced by the mechanical behavior of soil–structure interfaces forming adjacent the piles skin. Adopting the thin interface layer as a load transfer mechanism, a simple but accurate critical state compatible interface constitutive model is introduced. After evaluation, the interface model in conjunction with the pile segment analysis is applied for the prediction of the shaft resistance mobilized in nondisplacement piles. The proposed approach takes into account the influences of pile diameter and surface roughness together with the effects of the surrounding soil density and stiffness on the mobilized shaft resistance. The performance of the proposed method is verified by comparing its predictions with the experimental data of various model piles covering wide ranges of length, diameter, roughness, and surrounding soil properties. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The orientation of galaxy pairs with filamentary structures: dependence on morphology

Aims. With the aim of performing an analysis of the orientations of galaxy pair systems with respect to the underlying large-scale structure, we study the alignment between the axis connecting the pair galaxies and the host cosmic filament where the pair resides. In addition, we analyze the dependence of the amplitude of the alignment on the morphology of pair members as well as filament properties. Methods. We build a galaxy pair catalog requiring rp < 100 h−1 kpc and ΔV < 500 km s−1 within redshift z < 0.1 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We divided the galaxy pair catalog taking into account the morphological classification by defining three pair categories composed by elliptical–elliptical (E–E), elliptical–spiral (E–S) and spiral–spiral (S–S) galaxies. We use a previously defined catalog of filaments obtained from SDSS and we select pairs located closer than 1 h−1 Mpc to the filament spine, which are considered as members of filaments. For these pairs, we calculate the relative angle between the axis connecting each galaxy, and the direction defined by the spine of the parent filament. Results. We find a statistically significant alignment signal between the pair axes and the spine of the host filaments consistent with a relative excess of ∼15% aligned pairs. We obtain that pairs composed by elliptical galaxies exhibit a stronger alignment, showing a higher alignment signal for pairs closer than 200 h−1 kpc to the filament spine. In addition, we find that the aligned pairs are associated with luminous host filaments populated with a high fraction of elliptical galaxies. The findings of this work show that large-scale structures play a fundamental role in driving galactic anisotropic accretion as induced by galaxy pairs exhibiting a preferred alignment along the filament direction.
Molecular and Cellular Interactions in Pathogenesis of Sporadic Parkinson Disease

An increasing number of the population all around the world suffer from age-associated neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease (PD). This disorder presents different signs of genetic, epigenetic and environmental origin, and molecular, cellular and intracellular dysfunction. At the molecular level, α-synuclein (αSyn) was identified as the principal molecule constituting the Lewy bodies (LB). The gut microbiota participates in the pathogenesis of PD and may contribute to the loss of dopaminergic neurons through mitochondrial dysfunction. The most important pathogenetic link is an imbalance of Ca2+ ions, which is associated with redox imbalance in the cells and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review, genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors that cause these disorders and their cause-and-effect relationships are considered. As a constituent of environmental factors, the example of organophosphates (OPs) is also reviewed. The role of endothelial damage in the pathogenesis of PD is discussed, and a ‘triple hit hypothesis’ is proposed as a modification of Braak’s dual hit one. In the absence of effective therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, more and more evidence is emerging about the positive impact of nutritional structure and healthy lifestyle on the state of blood vessels and the risk of developing these diseases.
Canine Saliva as a Possible Source of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

While the One Health issues of intensive animal farming are commonly discussed, keeping companion animals is less associated with the interspecies headway of antimicrobial resistance. With the constant advance in veterinary standards, antibiotics are regularly applied in companion animal medicine. Due to the close coexistence of dogs and humans, dog bites and other casual encounters with dog saliva (e.g., licking the owner) are common. According to our metagenome study, based on 26 new generation sequencing canine saliva datasets from 2020 and 2021 reposited in NCBI SRA by The 10,000 Dog Genome Consortium and the Broad Institute within Darwin’s Ark project, canine saliva is rich in bacteria with predictably transferable antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). In the genome of potentially pathogenic Bacteroides, Capnocytophaga, Corynebacterium, Fusobacterium, Pasteurella, Porphyromonas, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species, which are some of the most relevant bacteria in dog bite infections, ARGs against aminoglycosides, carbapenems, cephalosporins, glycylcyclines, lincosamides, macrolides, oxazolidinone, penams, phenicols, pleuromutilins, streptogramins, sulfonamides and tetracyclines could be identified. Several ARGs, including ones against amoxicillin–clavulanate, the most commonly applied antimicrobial agent for dog bites, were predicted to be potentially transferable based on their association with mobile genetic elements (e.g., plasmids, prophages and integrated mobile genetic elements). According to our findings, canine saliva may be a source of transfer for ARG-rich bacteria that can either colonize the human body or transport ARGs to the host bacteriota, and thus can be considered as a risk in the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
Relativistic effects on galaxy redshift samples due to target selection

In a galaxy redshift survey the objects to be targeted for spectra are selected from a photometrically observed sample. The observed magnitudes and colours of galaxies in this parent sample will be affected by their peculiar velocities, through relativistic Doppler and relativistic beaming effects. In this paper we compute the resulting expected changes in galaxy photometry. The magnitudes of the relativistic effects are a function of redshift, stellar mass, galaxy velocity and velocity direction. We focus on the CMASS sample from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS), which is selected on the basis of colour and magnitude. We find that 0.10\% of the sample ($\sim 585$ galaxies) has been scattered into the targeted region of colour-magnitude space by relativistic effects, and conversely 0.09\% of the sample ($\sim 532$ galaxies) has been scattered out. Observational consequences of these effects include an asymmetry in clustering statistics, which we explore in a companion paper. Here we compute a set of weights which can be used to remove the effect of modulations introduced into the density field inferred from a galaxy sample. We conclude by investigating the possible effects of these relativistic modulation on large scale clustering of the galaxy sample.
Nanodiamond dust and the energy distribution of quasars

The spectral energy distribution of quasars shows a sharp steepening of the continuum shortward of ≃1100 A. The steepening could be a result of dust absorption. We present a dust extinction model which considers crystalline carbon grains and compare it with SMC-like dust extinction consisting of a mixture of silicate grains with graphite or amorphous carbon grains. We show that the sharp break seen in individual quasar spectra of intermediate redshift ∼1–2 can be reproduced by dust absorption provided the extinction curve consists of nanodiamonds, composed of terrestial cubic diamonds or of diamonds similar to the presolar nanodiamonds found in primitive meteorites. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simple space-time symmetries in quantum field theory

In this thesis a program to study quantum field theories with simple space-time symmetries is introduced. These symmetries are given by simple Lie groups which are required to act on the Hilbert space of states by unitary positive energy representations (spectrum condition). It is assumed that the action of the symmetry group on space-time leaves a globally causal structure invariant. The classical examples are conformal field theories in any dimension. The properties of the conformal groups and their action on space-time are generalized, and the simple Lie groups with these properties are shown to be universal coverings of the non-compact Lie groups SO(2, D), SO(4n), SU(m,m), Sp(l,R), and the exceptional group E7(−25). Space-time is given by the quotient G H, where G is one of the listed simple Lie groups and H the identity component of a maximal parabolic subgroup. It is also shown that the classical conformal groups SO(2, D) are the only allowed groups possessing an automorphism which can be interpreted as a time reflection. The remaining generalized conformal space-times have an intrinsic chiral structure. Methods for the explicit analysis of Lie algebras are developed and have been implemented in the computer algebra package LambdaLie. An application of these methods in the study of non-compact gauge groups is presented. Zusammenfassung In dieser Arbeit wird ein Programm vorgestellt, in dem Quantenfeldtheorien mit einfachen Raumzeitsymmetrien studiert werden. Diese Symmetrien sind durch einfache Liegruppen gegeben, von welchen gefordert wird, auf den Hilbertraum der Zustände durch unitäre positive Energiedarstellungen zu wirken (Spektrumsbedingung). Es wird angenommen, dass die Wirkung der Symmetriegruppe auf die Raumzeit eine global kausale Struktur invariant lässt. Die klassischen Beispiele sind konforme Feldtheorien in beliebiger Dimension. Die Eigenschaften der konformen Gruppen und ihrer Wirkung auf die Raumzeit werden verallgemeinert und es wird gezeigt, dass die einfachen Liegruppen mit diesen Eigenschaften universelle Überlagerungen der nichtkompakten Liegruppen SO(2, D), SO(4n), SU(m,m), Sp(l,R) und der exzeptionellen Gruppe E7(−25) sind. Die Raumzeit ist durch den Quotientenraum G H gegeben, wobei G eine der oben angeführten einfachen Liegruppen und H die Identitätskomponente einer maximalen parabolischen Untergrupppe ist. Es wird auß̈erdem gezeigt, dass die klassischen konformen Gruppen SO(2, D) die einzigen erlaubten Gruppen sind, die einen Automorphismus besitzen, der als Zeitreflektion interpretiert werden kann. Die übrigen verallgemeinerten konformen Raumzeiten haben eine intrinsische chirale Struktur. Methoden zur expliziten Analyse der Liealgebren werden entwickelt und sind in dem Computeralgebrapaket LambdaLie implementiert worden. Eine Anwendung dieser Methoden im Studium nichtkompakter Liegruppen wird präsentiert.
Contextualized Programming Language Documentation

Learning the syntax and semantics of a new programming language is a challenge. It is common for learners to refer to language documentation many times and in many contexts as they build comfort and understanding. We review existing functional language documentation, finding that it tends to be organized according to the structure of the language. Each section interleaves narrative explanations, which introduce precise terminology that is then used consistently, with code examples. Sections often start with simpler special cases of a construct before considering it in full generality. To make use of language documentation, learners must step away from the code they are working with, e.g., in an exercise or tutorial, to locate and transfer knowledge from the documentation. We describe a system, ExplainThis, that automatically generates contextualized language documentation, structured based on our study of language documentation but specialized to the particular code at the cursor. This system is integrated into the structure editor of Hazel, a live functional environment. Documentation appears next to the editor and color is used as secondary notation to correlate the explanation with program terms. We also study syntactic and explanatory specificity with a formative user study. We find that participants desire documentation to be tailored to specific syntax of the code a user is working with, while allowing an adaptive level of specificity for code examples.
High-energy spectroscopic study of the III-V nitride-based diluted magnetic semiconductor Ga1 xMnxN

We have studied the electronic structure of the diluted magnetic semiconductor ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}\mathrm{N}$ ($x=0.0$, 0.02, and 0.042) grown on Sn-doped $n$-type GaN using photoemission and soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Mn $L$-edge x-ray absorption have indicated that the Mn ions are in the tetrahedral crystal field and that their valence is divalent. Upon Mn doping into GaN, new states were found to form within the band gap of GaN, and the Fermi level was shifted downward. Satellite structures in the Mn $2p$ core level and the Mn $3d$ partial density of states were analyzed using configuration-interaction calculation on a $\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}$ cluster model. The deduced electronic structure parameters reveal that the $p\text{\ensuremath{-}}d$ exchange coupling in ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}\mathrm{N}$ is stronger than that in ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}\mathrm{As}$.