Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bootstrapping cointegrating regressions using blockwise bootstrap methods

The paper discusses the issue of block length selection in the blockwise bootstrap approaches to cointegrating regressions in small samples. The advantages in handling serially correlated errors are emphasized for the blockwise bootstrap approaches. Block length rules proposed in the previous literature are discussed. Some related Monte Carlo results are given as well to study how the estimation results are affected by the selection of block length in small samples.
Unstable jet–edge interaction Part 2: Multiple frequency pressure fields

In Part 1 of this investigation we addressed the instantaneous pressure field at a leading-edge due to single frequency jet-edge interactions; here we consider edge pressure fields and associated vortex interaction patterns at the edge having a number of (at least six) well-defined spectral components. Each of the spectral components is present along the entire extent of the approach shear layer upstream of the edge; the relative amplitudes of these components are preserved in the conversion process from the free (approach) shear layer to the surface pressure field, the key link being complex, but ordered patterns of vortex interaction at the edge. Moreover, the predominant spectral components can be reasoned on the basis of these visualized vortex interactions by considering the vortex array in the incident shear layer. The spectral character of the surface pressure field changes dramatically with edge location in the incident shear layer, or vortex array. If the edge is symmetrically located within the vortex array of the incident jet, a low-frequency component prevails due to large-scale vortex formation; however, with an asymmetrically disposed edge, the most unstable frequency of the jet dominates due to direct vortex impingement upon the edge, and the mean-square pressure amplitude (encompassing all spectral components) is double that of the symmetrical interaction. Irrespective of the type of interaction and the manner in which energy is partitioned between spectral components, the mean-square pressure due to the sum of all spectral components decays approximately as x−c immediately downstream of the tip of the edge. However, each spectral component tends either to a maximum or minimum amplitude as the tip of the edge is approached, depending upon the class of vortex array-edge interaction.
Low-loss percolative dielectric composite

In this letter, we report a modified percolative polymer composite that has a low dielectric loss (tanδ∼0.02@10KHz, comparable to that of the polymer matrix), a high dielectric constant (k>100@10KHz, about 30 times higher than that of the polymer matrix), and a low frequency dependence. This high-k polymer hybrid is filled with self-passivated micro- and nano-aluminum particles. The self-passivation of an aluminum particle results in dense nanoscale insulating Al2O3 shells outside of the metallic spheres, which allows the electrons in the metallic core to tunnel through it, and thereby the aluminum/polymer composites exhibit a high dielectric constant as a percolation system; on the other hand, the insulating oxide layer restricts the electron transfer between aluminum particles, thus leading to a very low loss of the composites.
Correlation Property and Low Bound of Time-Hopping Codes for UWB Communications

In this paper, we analyze correlation property of time-hopping (TH) codes for time-hopping spread spectrum ultra wideband (THSS-UWB) communication systems. Several different definitions of TH periodic correlation function are compared and discussed. Based on the comparison, the relation between TH codes and frequency-hopping (FH) codes is obtained. Also, the averages of TH periodic correlation function values are investigated, and the relations between averages and four parameters of TH codes are introduced. Based on the result, low bound of maximal TH correlation function values is further given, where the expression of low bound of TH codes relates codes period, the number of time slots, TH codes family size and maximal TH correlation function values.
Impact of Monetary Policy on Consumption and Investment in Indonesia

Monetary policy transmission mechanism has a complex process since its implementation it involves changes on banking sector, economic actors, the length of time in implementing policies, as well as changes in monetary policy transmission channels according to economic condition of the country. This study aims to examine how consumption and investment respond to monetary shocks that occur in Indonesia. These results indicate that the impact of monetary policy on consumption due to changes in interest rates is larger and more sensitive than investment, according to the impulse response test. The main channel of the effect of policy shocks obtained from consumption is transmitted to output. Therefore, the monetary policy issued by Bank Indonesia will have a greater impact on household spending than corporate spending. This means that channel consumption is the main mechanism of transmission.
Controlled two-dimensional distribution of nanoparticles by spin-coating method

We demonstrate that the controlled distribution of nanoparticles can be achieved by employing the spin-coating method. The Co and Ag nanoparticles were uniformly distributed on the Si and SiO2 substrates with this method. The particle density was controllable by varying the concentration of colloids. The spatial distribution of the nanoparticles within the patterned area was also shown to be uniform with small boundary effect, which is favorable for current microelectronics technology. We propose that the spin-coating method can be utilized in developing mass production processes for future nanodevices.
Indication and Timing of Mucogingival Soft Tissue Augmentation Associated with Orthodontic Treatment

Abstract Gingiva recession is defined as an apical shift of the gingival margin caused by different conditions/ pathologies. It is associated with clinical attachment loss. Several studies showed prevalence of gingiva recession in orthodontic patients. Some predisposing factors should be taken carefully considering the effect of the treatment modality. No consensus agreement was identified about the timing of the soft tissue augmentation intervention for orthodontic patients with the risk of gingival recession. However, several critical factors can guide the decision making to obtain the most preferred treatment option. This article reviews the factors regarding the correlation of gingival margin alteration and orthodontic treatment, and to assess the appropriate timing of soft tissue augmentation intervention according to the different factors.
The generation and collapse of a foam layer at the roof of a basaltic magma chamber

Basaltic volcanoes erupt in several different regimes which have not been explained. At Kilauea (Hawaii), eruption can take the form of either fire fountaining, where gas-rich jets propel lava clots to great heights in the atmosphere, or quiet effusive outflow of vesicular lava. Another regime is commonly observed at Stromboli, where large gas slugs burst intermittently at the vent. In an attempt to provide a unifying framework for these regimes, we investigate phenomena induced by degassing in a reservoir which empties into a small conduit. Laboratory experiments are done in a cylindrical tank topped by a thin vertical tube. Working liquids are silicone oils and glycerol solutions to investigate a range of viscosity and surface tension. Gas bubbles are generated at the tank bottom with known bubble diameter and total gas flux. The bubbles rise through the tank and accumulate in a foam layer at the roof. Depending on the behaviour of this foam layer, three different regimes can be distinguished: (i) steady horizontal flow of the foam leading to bubbly flow in the conduit; (ii) alternating regimes of foam build-up and collapse leading to the eruption of a single, large gas pocket; (iii) flow of the foam partially coalesced into larger gas pockets leading to intermittent slug flow in the conduit. These regimes have natural counterparts in basaltic volcanoes. A simple theory is proposed to explain regimes (i) and (ii). The bubbles in contact with the roof deform under the action of buoyancy forces, developing flat contact areas whose size increases as a function of foam thickness. Maximum deformation corresponds to a critical thickness hc = 2σ/ερlgR, where σ is the coefficient of surface tension, ρl the liquid density, g the acceleration due to gravity, R the bubble radius and ε the gas volume fraction in the foam. The foam thickness is determined by a balance between the input of bubbles from below and the output into the conduit, and is proportional to (μl Q/ε2 ρlg)¼, where μl is the liquid viscosity and Q the gas flux. A necessary and sufficient condition for collapse is that it exceeds the critical value hc. In a liquid of given physical properties, this occurs when the gas flux exceeds a critical value which depends on viscosity, surface tension and bubble size. Experimental determinations of the critical gas flux and of the time between two events of foam collapse are in agreement with this simple theory.
Invariance of the generalized coherence estimate with respect to reference channel statistics

The probability distribution function of the three-channel generalized coherence estimate is shown not to depend on the statistical behavior of the data on one channel, provided the other two channels contain white Gaussian noise and all channels are independent. A technique for multiple-channel matched filtering that is made viable by this invariance result is also discussed. <<ETX>>
The Solution of Structure Constrained Problem Using Decomposition Method

In practice, linear programming problems may have many variables and constraints. The decomposition method can be applied to problems with some special structure in order to obtain the solution. This method allows determining the optimal solution by decomposing structure constraints into several parts of the problem, then completing the parts of the problem independently. The purpose of this study is to provide on optimal solution to large scale constraints problem by decomposition method.
The Orion OB Association as a Generator for the Hot Circumgalactic Medium

Feedback from star formation may play a key role in energizing the hot, diffuse, X-ray emitting circumgalactic medium (CGM). We observed the diffuse hot gas on the interior of the Orion–Eridanus Superbubble (OES) produced by feedback from the Orion OB association. Using HaloSat, a CubeSat X-ray observatory, we cover the majority of the OES using 11 HaloSat fields, each with a 10° diameter. We find the gas is well described by two thermal plasma components. There are regions of enhanced emission measure (EM) that coincide with the Eridanus X-ray Enhancement and the Orion OB association. Individual field temperatures are statistically consistent with the weighted average of all of the OES fields: a warm temperature kT w = 0.17 ± 0.02 keV and a hot temperature kT h = 0.79 ± 0.12 keV. The gas is overpressured in comparison with typical interstellar medium pressures, and the rate of energy injected by Orion OB1 can sufficiently power growth of the superbubble. The gas’s radiative cooling timescale (∼30 Myr) is long in comparison with the rate of hot gas production. The temperatures and EMs of the gas agree with properties of the bulk CGM elsewhere in the Milky Way. If we take the OES as a typical superbubble, these factors together suggest that the hot CGM is energized by star formation activity.
Orthogonal and oblique projectors and the characteristics of pairs of vector spaces

The statistical operation of multiple linear regression by least squares is equivalent to the orthogonal projection of vectors of observations on a space spanned by vectors of observations; and a partial regression can be similarly represented as an oblique projection. This connexion between a statistical and a formal algebraical operation gives the main source of interest for this investigation. Its object is to develop algebraical theory which supplies terms necessary for a unified algebraical and geometrical formulation of concepts in multivariate analysis. An exposition of the statistical theory is to be made in a separate paper.
The Calibration Algorithm of a 3D Color Measurement System based on the Line Feature

This paper describes a novel 3 dimensional color measurement system. After 3 kinds of geometrical features are analyzed, the line features were selected. A calibration board with right-angled triangle outline was designed to improve the calibration precision. For this system, two algorithms are presented. One is the calibration algorithm between 2 dimensional laser range finder (2D LRF), while the other is for 2D LRF and the color camera. The result parameters were obtained through solving the constrain equations by the correspond data between the 2D LRF and other two sensors. The 3D color reconstruction experiments of real data prove the effectiveness and the efficient of the system and the algorithms.
Particle acceleration mechanisms

High-energy particle acceleration is observed to proceed in a diverse variety of astrophysical sites ranging from the terrestrial aurorae to the most distant quasars. Particle acceleration is a fairly common channel for the release of large-scale kinetic, rotational, and magnetic energy. Physical mechanisms include electrostatic acceleration, stochastic processes and diffusive shock energization. Cosmic-ray energy spectra have shapes which reflect escape, collisional, and radiative losses. The overall acceleration efficiency is controlled by the low-energy particle injection which may, in turn, feed back into the energization. Recent observational developments, which illustrate these general principles and raise fresh questions, are briefly summarized. Subject heading: acceleration of particles
Modeling the radio signature of the orbital parameters, rotation, and magnetic field of exoplanets

Context. Since the first extra-solar planet discovery in 1995, several hundreds of these planets have been discovered. Most are hot Jupiters, i.e. massive planets orbiting close to their star. These planets may be powerful radio emitters. Aims. We simulate the radio dynamic spectra resulting from various interaction models between an exoplanet and its parent star, i.e. exoplanet-induced stellar emission and three variants of the exoplanet’s magnetospheric auroral radio emission (full auroral oval, active sector fixed in longitude, and active sector fixed in local time). Methods. We show the physical information about the system that can be drawn from radio observations, and how this can be achieved. This information includes the magnetic field strength and the rotation period of the emitting body (planet or star), the orbital period, the orbit’s inclination, and the magnetic field tilt relative to the rotation axis or offset relative to the center of the planet. For most of these parameters, radio observations provide a unique means of measuring them. Results. Our results should provide the proper framework of analysis and interpretation for future detections of radio emissions from exoplanetary systems – or from magnetic white dwarf-planet or white dwarf-brown dwarf systems –, that are expected to commence soon as part of extensive programs at large radiotelescopes such as LOFAR, UTR2 or the GMRT. Our methodology can be easily adapted to simulate specific observations, once effective detection is achieved.
Proton implantation effects on electrical and luminescent properties of p-GaN

The electrical properties, deep level spectra, and microcathodoluminescence (MCL) spectra of p-GaN films implanted with 100 keV protons are reported. Measurable decreases of the MCL intensity began for doses as low as 1012 cm−2, while measurable decreases of the hole concentration started for doses of 1013 cm−2. The main deep traps introduced by protons had activation energies of 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 eV. The 0.3 and 0.9 eV traps are located in the lower half of the band gap and determine the temperature dependence of the forward current in heavily proton implanted Schottky diodes.
Local structural phenomena in pure and Ru-doped 0.9PbZn 1/3Nb2/3O3-0.1PbTiO3 near the morphotropic phase boundary as revealed by Raman spectroscopy

The development of polar order in perovskite-type (ABO3) solid solutions of relaxors and normal ferroelectrics is studied on the basis of the temperature dependence of polarized Raman spectra of pure and Ru-doped 0.9PbZn1/3Nb2/3O3-0.1PbTiO3 (PZN-0.1PT) single crystals as well as complementary x-ray diffraction analysis. It is shown that the Raman peaks related to Pb-localized vibrations existing solely in a double-perovskite structure (prototype symmetry Fm3m) are highly sensitive to the nucleation and development of polar atomic arrangements. The doublet near 50 cm-1 observed in the high-temperature Z(XY)Z spectra of PZN-xPT (x = 0-0.1) is attributed to two distinct cubic states of Pb ions in regions with a local chemical B-site order of the type Pb(B2/32+B1/35+)0.5B0. 55+O3: Pb1 ions surrounded mainly by Nb5+ and Pb2 ions surrounded by both Zn2+ and Nb5+. The singlet in the high-temperature Z(XY)Z spectra is assigned to off-centered Pb2 ions. The Raman spectra of PZN-0.1PT indicate that off-centered Pb2 ions induce coherent polar shifts of ferroelectrically active B cations, which in turn facilitates the off-centering of Pb1 ions. A low degree of B-site doping with mixed-valence elements like Ru can substantially influence the development of ferroelectric order in PZN-xPT solid solutions due to the different preferred types of local octahedral distortion associated with the different valence states of the doping cations. The incorporation of Ru into the structure of PZN-0.1PT slightly decreases the Burns temperature and shifts the tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transition to lower temperatures, thus favoring the tetragonal state in a wider temperature range as compared to the undoped compound. An assumption is made that the nanoscale polar order in Pb-based B-site complex perovskite-type relaxors might be of ferrielectric type rather than of ferroelectric type.
Analysis of Mesoscale Linear Features Observed in the Arctic Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Abstract The existence of synoptically distributed, coherent, linear mesoscale features with wavelengths of 12–18 km in a shallow (zl ≈ 150 m) atmospheric boundary layer is documented. These were observed north of Alaska over the ice-covered Beaufort Sea during the LEADEX program in April 1992. These banded features appear both in satellite infrared (but not visible) images and in concomitant in situ aircraft measurements. Those measurements were of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), potential temperature (θ), and meridional velocity (v) and were taken within and above the arctic atmospheric boundary layer. These aircraft data also exhibit smaller-scale circulations with scales of 3–8 times the boundary layer depth. Based on analysis of our dataset, we argue that the 12–18-km motions may be due to a hybrid form of slantwise convection within the boundary layer. The authors use the term hybrid because some of the energy, scale selection, and orientation of the linear features may be modulated by the nonlinea.
Keyphrase Identification Using Minimal Labeled Data with Hierarchical Context and Transfer Learning

Interoperable clinical decision support system (CDSS) rules are a pathway to achieving interoperability which is a well-recognized challenge in health information technology. Building an ontology facilitates the creation of interoperable CDSS rules, which can be achieved by identifying the keyphrases (KP) from the existing literature. However, KP identification for labeling the data requires human expertise, consensus, and contextual understanding. This paper aims to present a semi-supervised framework for the CDSS using minimal labeled data based on hierarchical attention over the documents fused with domain adaptation approaches. Then, evaluate the effectiveness of KP identification with this framework. In the view of semi-supervised learning, our methodology toward building this framework outperforms the prior neural architectures by learning with document-level context, no explicit hand-crafted features, knowledge transfer from pre-trained models (on unlabeled corpus), and post-fine-tuning with smaller gold standard-labeled data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first functional framework for the CDSS sub-domain to identify the KP, which is trained on limited labeled data. It contributes to the general natural language processing (NLP) architectures in areas such as clinical NLP, where manual data labeling is challenging.
Patterns and quasi-patterns in the Faraday experiment

Parametric excitation of surface waves via forced vertical oscillation of a container filled with fluid (the Faraday instability) is investigated experimentally in a small-depth large-aspect-ratio system, with a viscous fluid and with two simultaneous forcing frequencies. The asymptotic pattern observed just above the threshold for the first instability of the flat surface is found to depend strongly on the frequency ratio and the amplitudes and phases of the two sinusoidal components of the driving acceleration. Parallel lines, squares, and hexagons are observed. With viscosity 100 cS, these stable standing-wave patterns do not exhibit strong sidewall effects, and are found in containers of various shapes including an irregular shape. A ‘quasi-pattern’ of twelvefold symmetry, analogous to a two-dimensional quasi-crystal, is observed for some even/odd frequency ratios. Many of the experimental phenomena can be modelled via cubic-order amplitude equations derived from symmetry arguments.
Robust 3-D shape optimization of electromagnetic devices by combining sensitivity analysis and adaptive geometric parameterization

A new robust three-dimensional (3-D) shape optimization algorithm is suggested for electromagnetic devices, which combines design sensitivity analysis and adaptive geometric parameterization of the design surface. During the optimization process some extra control points are automatically inserted to describe the shape variations properly, and the control points are maintained so as not to be superfluous but to keep the design surface from oscillating. The newly inserted control points are located around the nodal points which have large fitting sensitivity. Through a numerical application, it is shown that the algorithm ensures a design with good performance as well as a smooth design surface.
The diurnal cycle of the West African monsoon circulation

Using numerical model analyses, it is shown that there is a coherent diurnal cycle of the West African monsoon winds. As has been observed in previous studies of arid and semi‐arid areas, the winds are at their weakest in the afternoon when the convective boundary layer (CBL) is deep, and intensify overnight when the boundary‐layer turbulence is much weaker. This diurnal cycle is maximized in the northern part of the monsoon layer, where the meridional pressure gradient and the diurnal cycle of the CBL are both strong.
A fixed point theorem for set valued mappings

Let H be a real Hubert space with closed unit ball B and let K(H) denote the family of nonempty compact convex subsets of H supplied with the Hausdorff metric D generated by the norm of H. A mapping <t>: H—>K(H) is contractive if for any pair x, yÇzH, D(<j>(x), <j>(y)) ^D(x,y). If x(Ez<f>(x), then x is a fixed point of <j>. In this paper we shall prove the following fixed point theorem for set valued contractions, which is an extension of a theorem of Browder [l].