Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 2.2–3.6 GHz CMOS Reconfigurable Fourth-Order Bandpass Filter With Compact Size and High Selectivity Using Transformer-Type Resonators

A compact reconfigurable CMOS bandpass filter (BPF) with high selectivity is proposed using transformer-type resonators in this article. The transformer-type resonator is constructed by a transformer loaded with parallel varactors for frequency tuning, and two varactors are then added across primary wind and secondary wind for coupling tuning. With the transformer-type structure, one resonator is formed inside another resonator, thus fully utilizing the chip area and resulting in a miniaturized structure. Magnetic and electrical couplings are formed within the transformer-type resonator and facilitate the bandwidth (BW) tuning. The quality factor ( $Q$ ) of each resonator is improved by cross-coupled negative resistance structure. Meanwhile, two pairs of transformer-type resonators are placed side-by-side and naturally form a quadruplet structure; as a result, two transmission zeros (TZs) are introduced at each side of the passband thus significantly improving the selectivity and stopband rejection of the BPF. The proposed tunable on-chip BPF is manufactured by a commercial 55 nm bulk CMOS technology with a core area of $1.48 \times 0.54$ mm2. The filter center frequency (CF) can be tuned from 2.2 to 3.6 GHz, while the 3 dB fractional BW (FBW) can be tuned from 14% to 33%. The shape factor of the proposed filter is 1.4–1.9.
Joint fractional representations

By using Cohen's (1995) characteristic function operator method, we derive the formulation of joint fractional representations (JFRs). JFRs generalize conventional time-frequency representations into fractional domains which are defined by the fractional Fourier transform. We present some of the properties of the fractional Wigner distribution along with the properties of the fractional ambiguity function. We calculate fractional Wigner distributions of some signals and provide some examples.
Passage-time moments for continuous non-negative stochastic processes and applications

We give criteria for the finiteness or infiniteness of the passage-time moments for continuous non-negative stochastic processes in terms of sub/supermartingale inequalities for powers of these processes. We apply these results to one-dimensional diffusions and also reflected Brownian motion in a wedge. The discrete-time analogue of this problem was studied previously by Lamperti and more recently by Aspandiiarov, Iasnogorodski and Menshikov [2]. Our results are continuous analogues of those in [2], but our proofs are direct and do not rely on approximation by discrete-time processes.
BC_n-symmetric polynomials

We consider two important families of BC_n-symmetric polynomials, namely Okounkov's interpolation polynomials and Koornwinder's orthogonal polynomials. We give a family of difference equations satisfied by the former, as well as generalizations of the branching rule and Pieri identity, leading to a number of multivariate q-analogues of classical hypergeometric transformations. For the latter, we give new proofs of Macdonald's conjectures, as well as new identities, including an inverse binomial formula and several branching rule and connection coefficient identities. We also derive families of ordinary symmetric functions that reduce to the interpolation and Koornwinder polynomials upon appropriate specialization. As an application, we consider a number of new integral conjectures associated to classical symmetric spaces.
Optimization of 3D wings based on Navier-Stokes solutions and genetic algorithms

The problem of the aerodynamic shape optimization to minimum drag, subject to geometrical and aerodynamic constraints, is considered. An accurate and computationally efficient approach to the multiobjective constrained design of 3D aerodynamic wings is proposed. The optimization is driven by full Navier-Stokes computations and Genetic Algorithms (GAs). The verification results include a variety of optimization cases for a classical test-case of ONERA M6 wing in transonic flight conditions. The method allows to significantly reduce the total drag of optimized wings, while exhibiting high robustness and keeping CFD computational volume to an acceptable level.
Simplified lossless decoupling and matching network for two symmetric antennas

A simplified lossless decoupling and matching network (DMN) is proposed for two symmetric antennas. Even–odd mode analysis proves that a conventional 4-port lossless DMN has two redundant freedoms for two symmetric antennas. Therefore, the number of reactive components can be reduced for easier realization, which results in 15 ((6 × 5)/(2 × 1)) possible simplified topologies. The constraint conditions on input even–odd mode equivalent impedances of every simplified DMN are discussed in detail. Though the constraint on impedance is different for every topology, in all, they cover the whole impedance range for two symmetric antennas. The design concept, formulation, and experimental results will be introduced.
Adaptive Intention-Driven Variable Impedance Control for Wearable Robots With Compliant Actuators

Understanding human motion intention is fundamental to wearable robots, which are designed to provide assistance by assessing the intention of wearers. Although modeling human motion intention during physical interaction reveals the fundamental properties of wearable robots, uncertainty and random noise are commonly neglected in existing works. This article presents an adaptive intention-driven variable impedance controller, where the online estimation of human motion intention is realized subject to physical interaction, stochastic distribution, and random disturbance. Specifically, human motion intention is estimated under a dual-channel structure and is represented as both the immediate desired position of the human limb and its predicted future position. A new variable impedance model is formulated from the estimated intention to regulate the dynamic interaction between the human and the robot. Such an impedance model is defined as the control objective achieved using the adaptive controller for wearable compliantly driven robots. The proposed formulation will be able to improve the estimation accuracy of human motion intention and will allow the robot to match the human’s action in a safe and efficient manner. The stability of the closed-loop system is rigorously proven from the stochastic perspective, and the experimental results on the compliantly driven exoskeleton robot are presented to validate the performance of the proposed controller.
Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the Luminous Blue Variable/W-R Eclipsing Binary System HD 5980

We report the results of Hubble Space Telescope STIS observations of the intriguing luminous blue variable/Wolf-Rayet binary system HD 5980 in the Small Magellanic Cloud. Although its spectral characteristics (WN6) are currently very similar to those observed in 1995 in the FUV, some of the line fluxes continue with the increasing trend observed since the 1980s. The erupting star still dominates the emission-line spectrum, and a radial velocity curve from UV lines is derived, supporting previous estimates of its mass (50 M☉). A rough estimate of 2 × 10-4 M☉ yr-1 for the current mass-loss rate of this star is derived. The only spectral lines attributable to the close companion are the very extended P Cygni absorption components of the strong UV lines, present only during the eclipse of the eruptor, implying that the wind-wind collision shock cone winds tightly around this companion. A third stellar component contributing to the spectrum is detected through the presence of stationary photospheric absorption lines in the UV spectrum. This object contributes ~30% to the UV continuum luminosity. A new set of ISM absorption components at -680 km s-1 has appeared as a result of the shock interface between the slow wind (~400 km s-1) that emerged during the 1994 eruption and the subsequently emerging fast wind (~2000 km s-1) phases.
Sobolev Spaces and Calculus of Variations on Fractals

The present note contains a review of $p$-energies and Sobolev spaces on metric measure spaces that carry a strongly local regular Dirichlet form. These Sobolev spaces are then used to generalize some basic results from the calculus of variations, such as the existence of minimizers for convex functionals and certain constrained mimimization problems. This applies to a number of non-classical situations such as degenerate diffusions, superpositions of diffusions and diffusions on fractals or on products of fractals.
Mean-Field Backward Doubly Stochastic Differential Equations and Applications ∗

Mean-field backward doubly stochastic differential equations (MF-BDSDEs, for short) are introduced and studied. The existence and uniqueness of solutions for MF-BDSDEs is established. One probabilistic interpretation for the solutions to a class of nonlocal stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs, for short) is given. A Pontryagin’s type maximum principle is established for optimal control problem of MF-BDSDEs. Finally, one backward linear quadratic problem of mean-field type is discussed to illustrate the direct application of above maximum principle.
Unified approach to thickness-driven magnetic reorientation transitions

The magnetic structure of wedge-shaped Co/Au(111) films has been analyzed in the thickness range of around five monolayers where a reorientation transition takes place. The detection of two critical thicknesses with an apparently new phase in between them can be understood by evoking general considerations of stability and coexistence of phases. The analysis in terms of thickness-driven evolution in the anisotropy space of the system leads to the determination of the surface anisotropy constants of first and second order in a most direct and consistent manner. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Magic Coset Decompositions

By exploiting a \mixed" non-symmetric Freudenthal-Rozenfeld-Tits magic square, two types of coset decompositions are analyzed for the non-compact special Kahler symmetric rank-3 coset E7( 25)= E6( 78) U (1) =Z3 , occurring in supergravity as the vector multiplets' scalar mani- fold inN = 2, D = 4 exceptional Maxwell-Einstein theory. The rst decomposition exhibits maximal manifest covariance, whereas the second ( triality- symmetric) one is of Iwasawa type, with maximal SO (8) covariance. Generalizations to conformal non-compact, real forms of non-degenerate, simple groups \of type E7" are presented for both classes of coset parametrizations, and relations to rank-3 simple Euclidean Jordan algebras and normed trialities over division algebras are also discussed.
Maintaining dragging and the pivot invariant in processes of conjecture generation

In this paper, we analyze processes of conjecture generation in the context of open problems proposed in a dynamic geometry environment, when a particular dragging modality, maintaining dragging, is used. This involves dragging points while maintaining certain properties, controlling the movement of the figures. Our results suggest that the pragmatic need of physically controlling the simultaneous movements of the different parts of figures can foster the production of two chains of successive properties, hinged together by an invariant that we will call pivot invariant. Moreover, we show how the production of these chains is tied to the production of conjectures and to the processes of argumentation through which they are generated.
Effect of Pullulanase Debranching Time Combined with Autoclaving on the Structural, Physicochemical Properties, and In Vitro Digestibility of Purple Sweet Potato Starch

The effects of pullulanase debranching combined with autoclaving (PDA) at various debranching times (0 h, 5 h, 10 h, 15 h, 20 h, and 25 h) and 121 °C/20 min of autoclave treatment on the structural and physicochemical characteristics of purple sweet potato (Jinshu No.17) starch were investigated. The results indicated that the native starch (NS) was polygonal, round, and bell-shaped with smooth surfaces. After debranching treatment, the surface of the starch samples became rough and irregular. The molecular weight became smaller after treatments. X-ray diffraction C-type pattern was transformed into a B-type structure in treated samples with increased relative crystallinity. 13C NMR indicated an increased propensity for double helix formation and new shift at C1, 3, 5 region compared to NS. The apparent amylose content was 21.53% in the NS. As the swelling power decreased, the percentage of soluble solids increased and different thermal properties were observed. A higher yield of the resistant starch (RS) was observed in all treated starch except PDA 25 h. The findings of our study reveal that a combination of pullulanase debranching time (15 h) and autoclaving (121 °C for 20 min) is a great technique that can be used to produce a higher amount of resistant starch in the Jinshu No.17 starch.
Accumulation of sublethal radiation damage and its effect on cell survival

Objective. Determine the extent of sublethal radiation damage (SRD) in a cell population that received a given dose of radiation and the impact of this damage on cell survival. Approach. We developed a novel formalism to account for accumulation of SRD with increasing dose. It is based on a very general formula for cell survival that correctly predicts the basic properties of cell survival curves, such as the transition from the linear-quadratic to a linear dependence at high doses. Using this formalism we analyzed extensive experimental data for photons, protons and heavy ions to evaluate model parameters, quantify the extent of SRD and its impact on cell survival. Main results. Significant accumulation of SRD begins at doses below 1 Gy. As dose increases, so does the number of damaged cells and the amount of SRD in individual cells. SRD buildup in a cell increases the likelihood of complex irrepairable damage. For this reason, during a dose fraction delivery, each dose increment makes cells more radiosensitive. This gradual radosensitization is evidenced by the increasing slope of survival curves observed experimentally. It continues until the fraction is delivered, unless radiosensitivity reaches its maximum first. The maximum radiosensitivity is achieved when SRD accumulated in most cells is the maximum damage they can repair. After this maximum is reached, the slope of a survival curve, logarithm of survival versus dose, becomes constant, dose independent. The survival curve becomes a straight line, as experimental data at high doses show. These processes are random. They cause large cell-to-cell variability in the extent of damage and radiosensitivity of individual cells. Significance. SRD is in effect a radiosensitizer and its accumulation is a significant factor affecting cell survival, especially at high doses. We developed a novel formalism to study this phenomena and reported pertinent data for several particle types.
Effects of excess oxygen on operation characteristics of amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistors

Operation characteristics of amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) were improved to a subthreshold voltage swing (S) of 217 mV (decade)−1, a mobility of ∼11.4 cm2 (Vs)−1, and a threshold voltage (Vth) of 0.1 V by O3 annealing at a temperature as low as 150 °C. However, the O3 annealing at 300 °C caused serious deterioration and exhibited a bistable transition between a large S state and a large Vth state. This transition is attributed to incorporation of excess oxygen and associated subgap defects with a negative-U characteristic. It also explains why a-IGZO channels deposited at high oxygen pressures do not produce operating TFTs.
Enhanced transmission through a nanoslit bordered by both trenches and bumps nanostructures

A very large transmission, 20%, of light through a nano metallic slit bordered by both nano trenches and bumps has been demonstrated theoretically. The trenches bordering the nano slit, are used to excite free-space light into surface waves, while the bumps bordering the trenches are used to confine surface wave leakage. Over 50% of the escaping surface waves can be reclaimed by using a pair of bumps with a reflectivity larger than 99%. As a result, the transmission of a trench-surrounded slit bordered by a pair of bumps can be enhanced 1.5 fold.
A Millimeter-Wave Concurrent LNA in 22-nm CMOS FDSOI for 5G Applications

This article presents a concurrent dual-band low-noise amplifier (LNA) in a 22-nm fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) CMOS process. This three-stage cascode LNA is designed to operate concurrently between 23.3 and 30.3 GHz and 38 and 44.7 GHz (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Ka$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band) for 5G mm-wave bands. To achieve a high rejection in the stopband between the two passbands, a notch circuit is designed using a cross-coupled pair (XCP) to mitigate the limited inductor/capacitor quality factors, thus enhancing notch depth in the second stage. The gain of the LNA can be digitally controlled in the third stage by over eight steps of 1 dB. The input matching network also acts like a high-pass filter to generate a sufficient rejection for frequencies below 13 GHz. The measured gain is 22 dB at 24 GHz and 16 dB at 40.5 GHz, with a 3-dB bandwidth of 23.3–30.3 GHz for low passband and 38–44.7 GHz for high passband. The LNA achieves a noise figure (NF) of 2.55/4.75 dB at 28/40 GHz, a rejection of 19.2 dB at 34.1 GHz, and a power consumption of 18 mW with supply voltages of 0.8 V for the first stage, and 1.0 V for the rest. The chip has a length of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1035 ~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, a width of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$885 ~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and an area of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.916 mm^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> including all pads and decoupling capacitors.
Bak-Sneppen backwards

Abstract We study the backwards Markov chain for the Bak–Sneppen model of biological evolution and derive its corresponding reversibility equations. We show that, in contrast to the forwards Markov chain, the dynamics of the backwards chain explicitly involve the stationary distribution of the model, and from this we derive a functional equation that the stationary distribution must satisfy. We use this functional equation to derive differential equations for the stationary distribution of Bak–Sneppen models in which all but one or all but two of the fitnesses are replaced at each step, subject to certain conditions on the relative locations of the replaced species. This gives a unified way of deriving Schlemm’s expressions for the stationary distributions of the isotropic four-species model, the isotropic five-species model, and the anisotropic three-species model.
Defect structure in selective area growth GaN pyramid on (111)Si substrate

A GaN pyramid grown selectively on a (111)Si substrate with a patterned dot structure of a SiO2 mask, by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy using AlGaN as an intermediate layer, was characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The dot pattern has an array of 5.0-μm-diameter window openings with a 10 μm period. The density of threading dislocations observed in the window region decreased gradually with increasing distance from the interface. This was mainly due to the dislocation reaction and bending of threading dislocations for the first 2 μm region from the interface and for the upper region, respectively. Dominantly observed defects in the lateral-growth part were dislocations parallel to the interface. An amorphous layer was formed at the interface in the window region. Nitride particles were observed at the interface in the mask region.
The Health Effects of Yogurt and Its Safety Hazards

Yogurt is fermented milk and contains various types of bacteria, including harmful and useful bacteria for human beings. Yogurt provides high levels of protein, vitamin D, and calcium that will have a beneficial effect on the bones. Also, it has shown that yogurt is able to support the digestion system by interacting with the bacteria in the gastrointestinal, and during the yogurt process, if some functional bacterium is added to ferment with yogurt, it will bring specific benefits to people. The main source of human hazards in yogurt should come from raw milk, which is the major ingredient of yogurt, and the microorganisms in raw milk are divided into three categories: lactic acid bacteria, coliform bacteria, and pathogenic microorganisms. In addition, the production environment and transportation conditions of yogurt can also have an impact on the quality of the yogurt and the microorganisms contained in it. Therefore, if people want to reduce or control the foodborne diseases caused by yogurt, people need to control the growth of harmful microorganisms in the industry and raw materials.
A non-vanishing result for the tautological ring of {\cal M}_g

Looijenga recently proved that the tautological ring of M_g vanishes in degree d>g-2 and is at most one-dimensional in degree g-2, generated by the class of the hyperelliptic locus. Here we show that K_{g-2} is non-zero on M_g. The proof uses the Witten conjecture, proven by Kontsevich. With similar methods, we expect to be able to prove some (possibly all) of the identities in degree g-2 in the tautological ring that are part of the author's conjectural explicit description of the ring.
Statistical Description of the Turbulent Mixing of Scalar Fields

A formulation in terms of probability density function (PDF) transport equations is presented for inert and reactive scalar fields undergoing turbulen mixing. The PDF methodology is related to the classical moment equations. The hierarchy of PDF transport equations resembles the BBGKY equations in statistical mechanics. Closure hypothesis, approximating the molecular mixing term, are described and their predictions for simple systems are compared with direct numerical simulations (DNS). Solution algorithms in terms of Monte Carlo particles are also discussed.
On Turán problems for Cartesian products of graphs

Let A , B be disjoint sets of sizes n and m . Let Q be a family of quadruples, having 2 elements from A and 2 from B , such that any subset S ⊆ A ∪ B with ∣ S ∣ = 7 , ∣ S ∩ A ∣ ≥ 2 and ∣ S ∩ B ∣ ≥ 2 contains one of the quadruples. We prove that the smallest size of Q is ( 1 ∕ 16 + O ( 1 ∕ n ) + O ( 1 ∕ m ) ) n 2 m 2 as n , m → ∞ . We also solve asymptotically a more general two‐partite Turán problem for quadruples.
Modelling the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis: a nonlinear renewal equation

We present here a population structured model to describe the dynamics of macrophage cells. The model involves the interactions between modified LDL, monocytes/macrophages, cytokines and foam cells. The key assumption is that the individual macrophage dynamics depends on the amount of lipoproteins it has internalized. The obtained renewal equation is coupled with an ODE describing the lipoprotein dynamics. We first prove global existence and uniqueness for the nonlinear and nonlocal system. We then study long time asymp-totics in a particular case describing silent plaques which undergo periodic rupture and repair. Finally we study long time asymptotics for the nonlinear renewal equation obtained when considering the steady state of the ODE. and we prove that .