Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perioperatives Management in der Mikrochirurgie – Konsensus-Statement der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mikrochirurgie der peripheren Nerven und Gefäße

Zusammenfassung Das perioperative Management in der Mikrochirurgie ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil einer erfolgreichen rekonstruktiven Chirurgie. Im deutschsprachigen Raum herrschen hierzu keine einheitlichen Konzepte und die individuellen Schemata unterscheiden sich wie in der Expertenbefragung erhoben deutlich voneinander. Im Zuge der 41. Jahrestagung der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mikrochirurgie (DAM) im November 2019 in München wurden Konzepte evaluiert, eine Befragung durchgeführt und mithilfe einer Literaturrecherche als Positionspapier zusammengefasst.
Spontaneous emission factor of a microcavity DBR surface-emitting laser

The spontaneous emission factor (SEF) of a microcavity distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) surface-emitting laser has been obtained theoretically to investigate the possibility of the thresholdless lasing operation. Formulas expressing the spontaneous emission in a three-dimensional microcavity were obtained. By introducing the distribution of mode density in wavevector space, it is shown that the radiation pattern of spontaneous emission is deeply modified by the microcavity and is different from that in free space. Based on this result, the SEF and the emission lifetime are calculated as a function of emission spectral width and the size of the active region. It is found that the SEF exceeds 0.1, even though the spectral width is as large as 30 nm when the transverse size is smaller than 0.5 mu m and the DBR reflectivity is larger than 90%. >
Computation, causation, and discovery

In science, business and policymaking - anywhere data are used in prediction - two sorts of problems requiring very different methods of analysis often arise. The first, problems of recognition and classification, concerns learning how to use some features of a system to accurately predict other features of that system. The second, problems of causal discovery, concerns learning how to predict those changes to some features of a system that will result if an intervention changes other features. This book is about the second - more difficult - type of problem. Typical problems of causal discovery are: how will a change in commission rates affect the total sales of a company? How will a reduction in cigarette smoking among older smokers affect their life expectancy? How will a change in the formula a college uses to award scholarships affect its dropout rate? These sorts of changes are interventions that directly alter some features of the system and perhaps - and this is the question - indirectly alter others. The contributors discuss recent research and applications using Bayes nets or directed graphic representations, including representations of feedback of "recursive" systems. The book contains a thorough discussion of foundational issues, algorithms, proof techniques, and applications to economics, physics, biology, educational research and other areas.
Relations between speech sensorimotor adaptation and perceptual acuity

The goal of this research is to study the auditory component of feedback control in speech production. This experiment investigates auditory sensorimotor adaptation (SA) as it relates to speech production: the process by which speakers alter their speech production in order to compensate for perturbations of normal auditory feedback. Specifically, the first formant frequency (F1) was shifted in the auditory feedback heard by naive adult subjects as they produced vowels in single syllable words. Results presented previously indicate that the subjects demonstrate compensatory formant shifts in their speech. The current study investigates the relationship between compensatory adaptation and speaker perceptual acuity. Subjects from the SA study were tested for their ability to discriminate vowel tokens differing in F1 frequency. Preliminary results indicate that subjects with greater perceptual acuity also demonstrated greater ability to adapt, with a significant cross‐subject correlation (p less than 0.05).
Spots on the Weak T Tauri Star V410 Tau: The Sun at One Million Years?

New photometry and a model of the spot distribution and its evolution on the weak T Tauri star V410 Tau are presented. In addition to the rotation period, 1.871 days, the modeling indicates that (1) the inclination angle is very large (i = 80 deg + or - 5 deg), (2) at least two spots are present, (3) the spots are very large (angular radii of roughly 40 deg or more), (4) they are centered at latitudes above 50 deg or below -50 deg, and (5) there is a high degree of symmetry between the northern and southern hemispheres. The evolution of the shape and amplitude of the light curve comes primarily from a drift in the relative longitudes of the northern and southern hemisphere spots. The radius of the star is determined to be 2.65 + or - 0.15 solar radii. In combination with the spectral type, this value implies a distance of 160 pc. On the theoretical H-R diagram, the star lies close to the expected position of a one solar mass star with an age of about one million yr. 27 refs.
Parabolic Capacity and Sobolev Spaces.

We prove in particular here that, given an open set $\Omega $ of $\mathbb{R}^N $, the usual parabolic capacity on $]0,T[ \times \Omega $ associated with the heat operator $\frac{\partial }{{\partial t}} - \Delta $ can be defined using only the Hilbert norm of the space $\mathfrak{W} = \{ v \in L^2 (0,T;H_0^1 (\Omega ));\, \frac{{\partial v}} {{\partial t}} \in L^2 (0,T;H^{ - 1} (\Omega ))\} $ which arises in parabolic variational inequalities. The result is stated in the general setting of parabolic Dirichlet spaces.
Object-based image information fusion using multisensor earth observation data over urban areas

At present, the majority of the world's population is living in urban areas. Cities undergo constant development in their morphology. The latter is always a turned-into-stone representation of the coetaneous social, economical and technical values. The technical developments in recent years of very high-resolution spaceborne earth observation methods enable mapping of large urban areas with a decent level of detail. Additionally, detailed elevation information of urban areas in developed countries is widely available. Digital surface models (DSMs) support the classification of urban structures beyond two-dimensional classifications. We present a hierarchical, object-based and transferable framework to extract the urban structure on a high level of geometric detail for two test sites in Germany. The results show accuracies of above 90% for the land-use/land-cover classification for both test sites applying the same routines. DSMs from various sources have been utilised for the extraction of the individual building structures with accuracies of 90% and 80%, respectively. The methodology is suited to extract the urban structure on the level of individual buildings and the results can be utilised as 3D city model for the purpose of decision-making, urban planning and further analyses.
Wie die Tuberkulose den Lauf der Geschichte beeinflusst hat – und umgekehrt

Es gibt ein Standardwerk zur „Kulturgeschichte der Seuchen“, 2005 von Stefan Winkle (1911– 2006) bei Artemis &Winkler in der 3. erweiterten Auflage veröffentlicht, das einen umfassenden Überblick über den Einfluss der großen Seuchen auf die Geschichte der Menschheit gibt. Das umfangreiche Werk ist leider etwas in Vergessenheit geraten. Obwohl viele Zusammenhänge durch neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse heute anders gesehen werden, ist es aufgrund seines umfangreichen Schatzes an Originalzitaten und -belegen zum Einfluss der Seuchen auf die Geschicke der Menschheit immer noch sehr lesenswert. Der folgende Übersichtsartikel bemüht sich, neues und altes Wissen zur Kulturgeschichte der Tuberkulose zusammenzuführen und ein möglichst anschauliches Bild der vielfältigen Wechselwirkungen zwischen Tuberkuloseerreger und menschlichemWirt im Laufe der Geschichte zu geben.
Modular Categories and Hopf Algebras

Abstract The modularity of a ribbon Hopf algebra is characterized by the Drinfeld map. An elementary approach to Etingof and Gelaki's (1998, Math. Res. Lett. 5 , 119–-197) result on the dimensions of irreducible modules is given by deducing the necessary identities involving the matrix ( S ij ) from the well-known orthogonal relations of Hopf algebra characters.
Bauchlagerung bei Beatmung – Schritt für Schritt

Indikation In einer großen, prospektiven randomisierten Studie zur Bauchlagerung wurden alle invasiv beatmeten Patienten mit ARDS und einem Oxygenierungsindex paO2/ FiO2 < 150 bei einer FiO2 > 0,6 für 16 Stunden in Bauchlage verbracht [1]. Eine frühzeitige Bauchlagerung nach Indikationsstellung erwies sich als prognoseverbessernd. Die Bauchlagerung erfolgte 1-mal tgl. , bis eine anhaltende Verbesserung der Oxygenierung in Rückenlage eingetreten war (4 Stunden nach Rücklagerung: paO2/FiO2≥150mmHg bei einem PEEP≤10 cm H2O und einer FiO2≤0,6) oder mehrere Lagerungsversuche erfolglos blieben. Es fand sich eine signifikante Reduktion der Sterblichkeit in der Bauchlagerungsgruppe.
A simple method to calculate synthetic long-period seismograms incorporating first-order asymptotics

A simple method is suggested to calculate synthetic long-period seismograms by normal mode summation. Effects of the lateral heterogeneity are incorporated by the first-order asymptotics which are valid up to the order of l-1 (l: angular order). Synthetic seismograms of a laterally heterogeneous earth model can be calculated by those of a spherically symmetric earth model with varying frequency, epicentral distance, amplitude, and azimuth.
SPECTRUM OF THE POTENTIAL FIELD DUE TO RANDOMLY DISTRIBUTED SOURCES

Covariance and spectral density functions of all three components of random potential fields are mutually related. The spectra of any one component on two different levels are related through an exponential function of the separation of the levels. If, starting from the earth’s surface, we continue the observed random field downward, we find that at a certain level the field becomes unstable. Such a limiting depth can be estimated from the spectrum of the observed field. The spectrum of the random field is related to the spectrum of random density or intensity of magnetization. The random sources are assumed to be confined to a thin sheet or a thick, infinite sheet, or to a semi‐infinite medium. In all these cases, a relation connecting the spectrum of the random density or the intensity of magnetization and the spectrum of the random field has been established.
Testen Sie Ihr Fachwissen

62-jähriger Patient, pensionierter Dachdecker, 172 cm, 70kg, aktiver Raucher, momentan ca. 10 Zigaretten/Tag mit bisher ca. 50 packyears. Seit mehreren Wochen anfangs langsam progrediente Belastungsdyspnoe mit deutlicher Verschlechterung in den letzten beiden Tagen. Der Pat. war eineinhalb Monate vorher aufgrund einer hyperkapnischen Dekompensation bei Bronchospasmus mit deutlich azidämem pH-Wert anfangs auf der Intensivstation und in weiterer Folge auf einer pneumologischen Normalstation. An Vorerkrankungen sind eine schwere Osteoporose mit Wirbelkörpereinbrüchen, eine pAVK, ein Zustand nach Benzodiazepin-, Opiatund Alkoholabusus sowie eine chronische Nikotinabhängigkeit mit einer COPD GOLD II bekannt.
An anisotropic diffusion equation based on multi-structural elements morphology

To reduce the fuzziness of image edge detection and better preserve the edge locality,based on the morphological operator, a new anisotropic diffusion equation based on the multi-structural elements morphological operator is proposed in this paper. Its diffusion coefficient is dependent not only on the gradient of the image and the second derivatives,but on the multi-structural elements morphological operator,which is calculated by combining with morphological expansion and morphological corrosion, performing the size adjustment of the morphological structural elements,detecting multidirectional edges of image at different scales and integrating the edge characteristics for various scale.Experiments show that the more ideal image edges under the environment of existing noise are obtained,while he processed images have high fidelity and constrast.
Psychologisch bzw. psychosomatisch relevante Aspekte in den Richtlinien zur Transplantationsmedizin der Bundesärztekammer

Zusammenfassung Für die Transplantationsmedizin in Deutschland gelten verbindliche Richtlinien der Bundesärztekammer, deren rechtliche Grundlage das 1997 verabschiedete Transplantationsgesetz darstellt. Im Jahr 2012 wurde eine umfassende Änderung des Richtlinienverfahrens angestoßen. Seitdem befinden sich alle Richtlinien in einem aufwendigen Revisionsprozess. Der vorliegende Beitrag erläutert zunächst relevante Hintergrundinformationen und erklärt die formalen Aspekte des Richtlinienverfahrens. Anschließend werden die psychologisch bzw. psychosomatisch relevanten Inhalte der Richtlinien zur Organtransplantation dargestellt. Diesbezüglich wird zunächst der Stand der Richtlinien vor den derzeitigen Überarbeitungen beschrieben. Nachfolgend werden bereits verabschiedete Änderungen sowie veröffentlichte Änderungsentwürfe erläutert. Im Anschluss werden die Revisionen aus Sicht der Autoren bewertet und Empfehlungen für weitere anzustrebende Änderungen gegeben. Des Weiteren werden Empfehlungen zu psychosozialen Aspekten der Evaluation und Nachsorge bei Lebendorganspende präsentiert, die in ähnlicher Form für eine in Arbeit befindliche Richtlinie der Bundesärztekammer vorgelegt wurden.
A Method for Teaching Statistics Using N-Dimensional Geometry

Abstract A concrete geometric method is described that enables the basic techniques of statistics (analysis of variance and regression) to be presented to students in a rigorous but elementary fashion. The few necessary ideas from geometry are summarized, and their use is illustrated by means of examples. The method works always with two objects (the observation vector and the model space) and two processes (projection of the observation vector onto the model space and application of Pythagoras's theorem).
Characterization of defect modes in finite bidimensional photonic crystals

We study finite-size bidimensional photonic crystals doped by a microcavity. We characterize the defect modes by developing a simple model of an infinitely conducting cavity. This model allows the prediction of the number of defect modes and their evolution versus the conicity angle. Finally, we present a method for the computation of the quality factor of the microcavity by means of the poles of the scattering matrix. We demonstrate numerically that the quality factor grows exponentially with respect to the size of the crystal. These results obtained in the frequency domain are checked by solving Maxwell’s equations in the time domain.
Anforderungen an leitlinienbasierten Clinical Decision Support Definition des leitlinienbasierten CDS

Seit der Einführung von Computern sind auch Computersysteme zur Unterstützung klinischer Entscheidungen entwickelt und in der klinischen Medizin getestet worden. Ein Clinical-Decision-Support-System (CDS-System) ist eine Computersoftware, die Ärzte bei Entscheidungsaufgaben unterstützt, z. B. bei der Ermittlung einer Diagnose auf der Grundlage von Patientendaten. Der Hauptzweck moderner CDS-Systeme besteht darin, Kliniker am Ort der Versorgung zu unterstützen [1]. Computergestützte CDS-Systeme könnten im Gesundheitswesen transformativ sein. Doch trotz zahlreicher enthusiastischer Versuche über mehr als 4 Jahrzehnte und überzeugender Demonstrationen der Nutzen ist die Einführung von CDS-Systemen nur im Schneckentempo vorangekommen [2].
Inducing energy gaps in monolayer and bilayer graphene: Local density approximation calculations

In this paper we study the formation of energy gaps in the spectrum of graphene and its bilayer when both these materials are covered with water and ammonia molecules. The energy gaps obtained are within the range 20–30 meV, values compatible to those found in experimental studies of graphene bilayer. We further show that the binding energies are large enough for the adsorption of the molecules to be maintained even at room temperature.
Stellenwert der Bildgebung für das Re-Staging von Hals- lymphknotenmetastasen nach primärer Strahlentherapie − HN-Onkoimage-1 Significance of Imaging in Re-Staging of cervical metastases after Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer – HN-Onkoimage-1

For head and neck carcinomas (HNSCC), there are currently no evidence-based guidelines for re-staging or tumor follow-up after primary radio (chemo) therapy. In Germany, high-resolution ultrasonography using color duplex techniques in addition to computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a proved procedure for restoring therapy in the context of tumor follow-up after the first-line treatment of head and neck carcinomas. PET/CT has recently become standard. There is a lack of clear guidance on how to complement the different procedures used in routine practice. In addition, there is a lack of valid selection algorithms for the indication for PET/CT. Indications for and against salvage neck dissection are often made as an individual case decision. This article is intended to illustrate the common re-staging modalities and briefly explain a current study concept. Kopf-Hals-Tumore Seebauer Caroline et al. Stellenwert der Bildgebung. Der Nuklearmediziner 2020; 43: 95–102 95
An Existence Theorem for Wave-Type Hyperbolic Hemivariational Inequalities

In this paper we prove the existence of solutions for a hyperbolic hemivariationalinequality of the form u″ + Bu + ∂j (u) ∋ f where B is a linear elliptic operator and ∂j is the Clarke subdifferential of a locally Lipschitz function j. Our result is based on the parabolic regularization method.
Does the Sun have a subsolar metallicity?

Abstract The solar chemical composition has recently undergone a drastic revision, in particular in terms of the C, N, O and Ne abundances that have been lowered by almost a factor of two. In this invited review I will describe the different compounding reasons for this change (3D model atmospheres, non-LTE line formation, improved atomic/molecular data) and discuss some astrophysical implications thereof, which fall under both good (solar neighborhood) and bad (helioseismology) news. The most recent literature regarding the solar O abundance is surveyed and a critical evaluation whether or not these support the low solar abundance scale is presented. Finally I venture to make some predictions to what the real solar O abundance may be.
A quasi-min-max MPC algorithm for linear parameter varying systems with bounded rate of change of parameters

We (1999, 2000) have introduced a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm for polytopic linear parameter varying systems. The algorithm, called quasi-min-max MPC, separates the first stage cost from the infinite horizon quadratic objective function and bounds the rest of the cost by a quadratic term. For predictions the future state matrices are assumed to belong to a fixed polytope. In this paper it is assumed that the upper and lower bounds on the rate of change of the parameters are available. This allows the updating of the polytope for one time step in predictions and consequently the second stage cost can also be separated from the infinite horizon cost function. The modified quasi-min-max MPC can be solved by semi-definite programming and closed-loop stability is guaranteed when its feasible solutions are implemented in a receding horizon fashion. A numerical example demonstrates the superior performance of the new algorithm.
The Electric Charging of Interstellar Dust in the Solar System and Consequences for Its Dynamics

The motion of the solar system relative to the local interstellar medium causes a flux of neutral gas and dust into the solar system. When interstellar dust particles penetrate into the solar system, the mass distribution of the grains is modified because smaller dust grains, which have higher charge-to-mass ratios, are deflected by the Lorentz force in the solar magnetic field. In order to investigate the conditions of interstellar dust particles streaming into the heliosphere, the equilibrium surface potentials of interstellar dust grains are calculated assuming that the grains are homogeneous spheres of different materials. The following charging processes are considered: photoelectron emission, sticking and penetration of plasma particles, and secondary electron emission due to bombardment of energetic plasma particles. We find that the dependences of the surface potentials on the heliocentric distance and the grain mass are weak except for the heliocentric distance range between the heliopause and the termination shock. We show that the influence of Lorentz forces on small dust grains with masses less than 10-19 kg is strong enough to cause a significant deflection of the grains from their original direction of motion. Hence, we can expect that a selection of particles in a certain size interval can take place already near the heliopause. Although the exact value of the charge varies with the material composition of dust, a selection effect in the material composition of dust grains entering the solar system cannot be expected. Even if interstellar dust grains that can enter the solar system are nonspherical, the surface potentials of the grains can be represented within the framework of the spherical dust model that is applied in this study.
The neuroprotective effect of electro-acupuncture on cognitive recovery for patients with mild traumatic brain injury: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health and socioeconomic problem that affects all societies. Consciousness disorder is a common complication after TBI while there is still no effective treatment currently. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) on cognitive recovery for patients with mild TBI. Methods: A total of 83 patients with initial Glasgow coma scale score higher than 12 points were assigned into this study. Then patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: EA group and control group (group C). Patients in group EA received EA treatment at Neiguan and Shuigou for 2 weeks. At 0 minute before EA treatment (T1), 0 minute after EA treatment (T2), and 8 weeks after EA treatment (T3), level of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and malondialdehyde were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The score of Montreal Cognitive Function Assessment (MoCA) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) as well as cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) were detected at the same time. Results: Compared with the baseline at T1, the level of NSE, GFAP, HIF-1α, MDA, and rSO2 decreased, and the score of MoCA and MMSE increased in the 2 groups were significantly increased at T2–3 (P < .05). Compared with group C, the level of NSE, GFAP, HIF-1α, MDA, and rSO2 decreased, and the score of MoCA and MMSE increased were significantly increased at T2–3 in group EA; the difference were statistically significant (P < .05). Conclusions: EA treatment could improve the cognitive recovery for patients with mild TBI and the potential mechanism may be related to improving cerebral hypoxia and alleviating brain injury.