Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design Procedure of a Low-Cost System for Energy Replenishment in a Quadrotor UAV through a Battery Exchange Mechanism

This paper describes the design and construction of an energy replenishment service station for a quadrotor. The prototype includes a small number of actuators, making it a low-cost solution. The system consists of three batteries: two charged and one discharged (within the quadrotor). Once the quadrotor lands, the battery with the highest charge is selected, which is then exchanged for the discharged battery. In order to perform this action, position control is used, in which the desired value depends on the location of the sensor that detects the highest voltage. In addition, the system has a mechanical design that facilitates the coupling of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with the structure for battery exchange, ensuring that the discharged battery is always in the same position. Furthermore, the design of a mechanism to release and hold the battery placed in the quadrotor is presented, which works by means of voltage and force sensors that identify the instant that the battery is discharged and when the UAV has landed on the exchange platform, thus initiating the exchange process. Likewise, the criteria for selecting the elements used, acquiring and processing signals, and routines for changing batteries are detailed.
The structure of microbial communities in redoximorphic microsites of Gleysol

Microbial communities were studied in redoximorphic microsites of highly heterogeneous Gleysol at a mm scale using 16S and 18S amplicon sequencing to demonstrate if the composition of soil microbes reflects the differences in ferric and ferrous micro‐sites. In both explored gley horizons with redoximorphic features (Bg2 and Cg), ferric mottles were significantly enriched with total P and Fe and depleted of O, Si, Al, K and Ca compared with the adjacent ferrous groundmass (SEM–EDS). Ferric mottles were determined as Fe oxide coatings and hypocoatings. In Bg2, both prokaryotic and micro‐eukaryotic communities differed significantly between mottles and groundmass in composition of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and in proportions of phyla, reflecting heterogeneities in the soil properties there. Mottles in Bg2 were characterized by increased proportion of Proteobacteria, decreased proportion of Acidobacteriota among prokaryotes and by dominance of a single proteobacterial OTU from Anaplasmataceae compared to all other samples. The composition of micro‐eukaryotes showed an opposite trend, as micro‐eukaryotes of Bg2 groundmass were unique among the other horizons, while micro‐eukaryotes of Bg2 mottles had similar composition to neighbouring horizons. Microbial communities of adjacent samples were not more similar to each other than communities of randomly selected ones in Bg2 horizon. That suggests that at mm scale, the sample distance does not represent the driving factor of microbial community composition and that the adjacent samples differ rather due to physicochemical factors. The spatial organization of microbial communities revealed in Bg2 has not reappeared in similarly organized Cg horizon, probably due to other overriding factors. The differences revealed between Bg2 and Cg horizons, including granulometric composition, content of crystalline Fe, exchangeable Al, and organic carbon, as well as exposition to groundwater, were discussed as possible reasons of the distinct organization in Cg. The similarity of pro−/eukaryotic communities of adjacent and non‐adjacent couples suggests no distance decay pattern at a mm scale. The agreement between patchiness in soil properties and microbial communities was revealed for the first time and confirms the importance of microscale patterns in soil.
Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles in Charging Stations

The uncoordinated charging of electric vehicles has several negative effects on the charging station and the electric network. These effects include both technical and economic aspects. So, in this paper, coordinated charging/discharging scheduling of electric vehicles in charging stations is proposed to maximize the revenue of charging stations. The problem is formulated as a linear optimization problem and is solved using the Particle swarm optimization technique (PSO). Three case studies are undertaken including uncoordinated charging, coordinated charging and coordinated charging/discharging. The results display that smart charging/discharging scheduling for the system under study increases the revenue of the charging station in comparison to the uncoordinated charging.
Ultra-Low Frequency High-Precision Displacement Measurement Based on Dual-Polarization Differential Fiber Heterodyne Interferometer

Picometer displacement measurement in the ultra-low frequency band below 1 Hz is highly demanded in the fields of geophysics and space exploration for the applications of hydrophones, geophones, drag-free space controllers, and so on. In this work, high-precision displacement detection in ultra-low frequency is achieved by proposing and demonstrating a dual-polarization differential fiber heterodyne interferometer. By injecting two orthogonal polarized lights into the dual-polarization differential fiber heterodyne interferometer, two optical interferences can be co-existed in a monolithic interferometer with a fully identical optical fiber path. Through the difference of the two optical interferometric phases, the light source noise and the fiber link noise can be well suppressed. Meanwhile, a pull-push type displacement sensing module is designed to double the displacement sensitivity as well as suppress the common-mode noise derived from the environmental fluctuation. Through the calibration experiment, the displacement sensitivity is obtained as 0.01634(±0.00022) rad/nm, which is consistent with the theoretical calculation. The displacement resolutions of 1.8 pm/Hz1/2 at 0.1 Hz and 0.25 pm/Hz1/2 at 1 Hz are achieved in the experiment, which is the superior displacement measurement level for this frequency band in the existing optic displacement sensors to our knowledge. The proposed fiber optic displacement sensor with ultra-high resolution in low frequency can be of great use in scientific research and precision engineering.
HIGH RESOLUTION POLARIZATION TARGET DETECTION BASED ON NONLINEAR INTEGRATION

The problem of detecting targets in the cluttered circumstance with millimeter wave high resolution radar was studied. A new idea of improving SCR(Signal to Clutter Ratio) was presented by nonlinearly weighted integration in polarization domain. A polarization target detection method was then presented based on the range position correlation of one dimensional range profile of high resolution radar target. Experimental results show that this kind of detection strategy is quite effective for extended targets.
Potassium Ion Channels in Glioma: From Basic Knowledge into Therapeutic Applications

Ion channels, specifically those controlling the flux of potassium across cell membranes, have recently been shown to exhibit an important role in the pathophysiology of glioma, the most common primary central nervous system tumor with a poor prognosis. Potassium channels are grouped into four subfamilies differing by their domain structure, gating mechanisms, and functions. Pertinent literature indicates the vital functions of potassium channels in many aspects of glioma carcinogenesis, including proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. The dysfunction of potassium channels can result in pro-proliferative signals that are highly related to calcium signaling as well. Moreover, this dysfunction can feed into migration and metastasis, most likely by increasing the osmotic pressure of cells allowing the cells to initiate the “escape” and “invasion” of capillaries. Reducing the expression or channel blockage has shown efficacy in reducing the proliferation and infiltration of glioma cells as well as inducing apoptosis, priming several approaches to target potassium channels in gliomas pharmacologically. This review summarizes the current knowledge on potassium channels, their contribution to oncogenic transformations in glioma, and the existing perspectives on utilizing them as potential targets for therapy.
LINFER: inferring implications from the WALS database

Abstract In linguistic typology, implications typically emerge as a result of in-depth study of a few related linguistic parameters. Another way to find implications is to infer them from a typological database with a large number of variables. In this contribution, I discuss the LINFER computer program that was developed precisely for this goal. I have applied the program to the database on which the World Atlas of Language Structures (WALS) is based, arguably one of the largest typological databases available. In this paper, I will report on some first findings. Further, I will show that around one in every 2000 value pairs from the WALS leads to an acceptable and potentially interesting implication. A simulation shows that this is 4 times as many as a purely random dataset of the same size would produce.
Improved optical properties of InAs quantum dots for intermediate band solar cells by suppression of misfit strain relaxation

The properties of InAs quantum dots (QDs) have been studied for application in intermediate band solar cells. It is found that suppression of plastic relaxation in the QDs has a significant effect on the optoelectronic properties. Partial capping plus annealing is shown to be effective in controlling the height of the QDs and in suppressing plastic relaxation. A force balancing model is used to explain the relationship between plastic relaxation and QD height. A strong luminescence has been observed from strained QDs, indicating the presence of localized states in the desired energy range. No luminescence has been observed from plastically relaxed QDs.
“When You’re Smiling”: How Posed Facial Expressions Affect Visual Recognition of Emotions

Facial imitation occurs automatically during the perception of an emotional facial expression, and preventing it may interfere with the accuracy of emotion recognition. In the present fMRI study, we evaluated the effect of posing a facial expression on the recognition of ambiguous facial expressions. Since facial activity is affected by various factors, such as empathic aptitudes, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) questionnaire was administered and scores were correlated with brain activity. Twenty-six healthy female subjects took part in the experiment. The volunteers were asked to pose a facial expression (happy, disgusted, neutral), then to watch an ambiguous emotional face, finally to indicate whether the emotion perceived was happiness or disgust. As stimuli, blends of happy and disgusted faces were used. Behavioral results showed that posing an emotional face increased the percentage of congruence with the perceived emotion. When participants posed a facial expression and perceived a non-congruent emotion, a neural network comprising bilateral anterior insula was activated. Brain activity was also correlated with empathic traits, particularly with empathic concern, fantasy and personal distress. Our findings support the idea that facial mimicry plays a crucial role in identifying emotions, and that empathic emotional abilities can modulate the brain circuits involved in this process.
A note on the waiting times between record observations

Let X 1, X 2, X 3,··· be independent, identically distributed random variables with a continuous distribution function and let the sequence of indices {Vr } be defined as follows: and for r ≧ 1, V r is the trial on which the rth (upper) record observation occurs. {V r} will be an infinite sequence of random variables since the underlying distribution function of the X's is continuous. It is well known that the expected value of V r. is infinite for every r (see, for example, Feller [1], page 15). Also define and for r > 1 δr is the number of trials between the (r - l)th and the rth record. The distributions of the random variables Vr and δ r do not depend on the distribution of the original random variables. It can be shown (see Neuts [2], page 206 or Tata 1[4], page 26) that The following theorem is due to Neuts [2].
Setting Cleanup Targets in a Probabilistic Assessment

Risks from environmental contaminants in water are estimated with a risk equation involving contaminant concentration and other factors. Because the intent of environmental remediation is to ensure that these risks are not intolerably large, some way is needed to backcalculate from tolerance limits on risk mandated by regulators to the allowable environmental concentration for the contaminant. It is now well known that the approach used in deterministic assessments of simply inverting the risk equation to compute the cleanup goal does not work in a probabilistic assessment. We introduce simple and efficient methods for computing cleanup goals satisfying multiple simultaneous criteria in the context of a probabilistic assessment. This approach uses probability bounds analysis to characterize the concentration distributions and can be used with multiple receptors with arbitrarily many constraints on percentiles of the target risk distribution. The calculations yield two kinds of bounds on concentration: a 'kernel' and 'shell'. If the concentration distribution is entirely inside the kernel, then the result surely obeys the prescribed constraints. If the concentration distribution is anywhere outside the shell, then the result certainly fails to comply with the prescribed constraints. If the concentration distribution is outside the kernel but inside the shell, then compliance must be determined by a forward calculation. Introduction Risk analysts estimate exposure to environmental contaminants or health risks from such exposures with equations that include contaminant concentrations and other input variables. Analysts charged with calculating cleanup targets need to compute contaminant concentrations that satisfy regulatory constraints while minimizing cleanup costs. In the past, point estimates were used as inputs to these risk assessments and safe environmental concentrations solved by simply inverting the dose or risk equation. In a probabilistic risk assessment, however, which replaces deterministic point estimated inputs with probability distributions, it is not possible to simply rearrange the equations to solve for these concentrations. Consider, for example, a highly simplified exposure model embodied in the equation Dose = Concentration × Intake. This equation permits one to estimate the realized dose of a contaminant by multiplying the observed concentration of the contaminant in some environmental medium such as air or water by the intake rate of that medium such as by inhalation or imbibition. In a probabilistic risk assessment, the deterministic point estimates for concentration and intake are replaced by probability distributions to reflect the fact that concentration varies across space and through time, and that exposed people may have different patterns of breathing or drinking. Monte Carlo methods are often used in these assessments because they provide a convenient and flexible way
The evaluation of Morphmetric characteristics of Upper Subarnarekha Watershed drainage basin using Geoinformatics as a tool, Ranchi, Jharkhand

The development of Morphometric techniques was a major advance in the quantitative description of the geometry of the drainage basins and its network which helps in characterizing the drainage network, comparing the characteristic of several drainage networks and examining the effect of variables such as lithology, rock structure, rainfall etc. The geographical position of watershed is 85 0 10’0”to 85 0 40’0”E and 23 0 10’0” t0 23 0 40’0” N. The elevation of the watershed ranges from 300m to 700m within Ranchi district. The study was carried out using the method of Horton and Strahler, to rank the stream segments using ArcGIS 9.2. The relevant numbers of the streams were entered into the attribute table and all other analyses based on the mathematical formulas. The results indicated that the watershed area was 594.68 km 2 , perimeter 159.26km, mean slope 32.21, axial length 54.70 km, basin width 23.61 km, form factor 0.20, compactness factor 1.40, circulatory ratio 0.29, elongation ratio 0.50, number of segments was 935 of each order those varied 1 to 6th. The stream frequency and drainage density were 1.57 (No./km 2 ) and 1.12(km/km 2 ). Bifurcation ratio and length of overland flow were 3.94 and 0.56 km. The results of this analysis would be useful in determining the effect of watershed characteristics such as size, shape, slope of the watershed & distribution of stream net work within the watershed.
Observation of Two New Ξ [subscript b][superscript −] Baryon Resonances

Two structures are observed close to the kinematic threshold in the Ξ 0 b π − mass spectrum in a sample of proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 . 0 fb − 1 , recorded by the LHCb experiment. In the quark model, two baryonic resonances with quark content bds are expected in this mass region: the spin-parity J P ¼ ð 1 = 2 Þ þ and J P ¼ ð 3 = 2 Þ þ states, denoted Ξ 0 − b and Ξ (cid:2) − b . Interpreting the structures as these resonances, we measure the mass differences and the width of the heavier state to be m ð Ξ 0 − b Þ − m ð Ξ 0 b Þ − m ð π − Þ¼ 3 . 653 (cid:3) 0 . 018 (cid:3) 0 . 006 MeV =c 2 , m ð Ξ (cid:2) − b Þ − m ð Ξ 0 b Þ − m ð π − Þ ¼ 23 . 96 (cid:3) 0 . 12 (cid:3) 0 . 06 MeV =c 2 , Γ ð Ξ (cid:2) − b Þ ¼ 1 . 65 (cid:3) 0 . 31 (cid:3) 0 . 10 MeV ; where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The width of the lighter state is consistent with zero, and we place an upper limit of Γ ð Ξ 0 − b Þ < 0 . 08 MeV at 95% confidence level. Relative production rates of these states are also reported.
AB percolation on plane triangulations is unimodal

Let ℱ be a countable plane triangulation embedded in ℝ2 in such a way that no bounded region contains more than finitely many vertices, and let Pp be Bernoulli (p) product measure on the vertex set of ℱ. Let E be the event that a fixed vertex belongs to an infinite path whose vertices alternate states sequentially. It is shown that the AB percolation probability function θΑΒ (p) = Pp (E) is non-decreasing in p for 0 ≦ p ≦ ½. By symmetry, θ AΒ (p) is therefore unimodal on [0, 1]. This result partially verifies a conjecture due to Halley and stands in contrast to the examples of Łuczak and Wierman.
Petrogenesis of the Late Eocene to Early Oligocene Yao'an Shoshonitic Complex, Southeastern Tibet: Partial Melting of an Ancient Continental Lithospheric Mantle beneath the Yangtze Block

Cenozoic potassic–ultrapotassic igneous rocks are widespread in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Their petrogenesis and magmatic processes remain subject to debate in spite of numerous publications. Almost all of the Cenozoic extrusive and intrusive rocks in the Yao'an area, western Yunnan Province, SW China, are geochemically shoshonitic, collectively termed here the Yao'an Shoshonitic Complex (YSC). The YSC is located in the (south) easternmost part of the ENE–WSW‐trending, ∼550 km‐long and ∼250 km‐wide Cenozoic magmatic zone; the latter separates the orthogonal and oblique collision belts of the India–Eurasia collision orogen. Previously published geochronological and thermochronological data revealed that the rocks of the YSC were emplaced over a short timespan of 34–32 Ma. This and our new data suggest that the primary magma of the YSC likely was formed by partial melting of ancient continental lithospheric mantle beneath the Yangtze Block. This part of the continental lithospheric mantle had likely not been modified by any oceanic subduction. Fractionation crystallization of an Mg‐ and Ca‐bearing mineral and Ti‐Fe oxides during the magmatic evolution probably account for the variable lithologies of the YSC.
Hybrid Newton-type methods for reconstructing sound-soft obstacles from a single far field

Abstract The inverse scattering problem considered in this paper is to reconstruct multiple sound-soft obstacles from one incident wave and its far field pattern. Based on the ideas of the Kirsch–Kress method and the hybrid Newton method, three variant Newton-type methods are developed for reconstructing the shape of multiple obstacles. The proposed hybrid Newton-type methods I and II can choose auxiliary curves adaptively, and do not require them to be contained in the unknown multiple obstacles. The proposed hybrid Newton-type method III is simpler than the hybrid Newton method developed by Kress in terms of computational complexity since it adopts quasi-Newton iterations in numerical reconstructions. Results of numerical examples show that the proposed methods, especially the one with both adaptively choosing auxiliary curves and quasi-Newton iterations, are more efficient and stable for reconstructing multiple obstacles.
Computer simulation of the biomorphic neuroprocessor

In this paper, numerical simulation was carried out and the operability of the input and output devices of a biomorphic neuroprocessor, built using a logic matrix, was shown using the specialized software SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) for simulating large electrical circuits with memristor-diode crossbars. The modes of encoding a binary number into frequency and delay of pulses, simultaneously into frequency and delay of pulses by neuron population were investigated. Also, the mode of decoding pulses into a standard binary code for outputting information from the neuroprocessor was investigated. The simulation results of the associative self-learning mechanism in hardware spiking neural networks based on the memory matrix of a neuroprocessor are presented. The learning rules are LTP (Long-Term Potentiation) for a network of four neurons and STDP (Spike-Time Dependent Plasticity) for a hardware spiking perceptron. For the first time, the generation of a new association (new knowledge) in a composite memristor-diode crossbar according to the STDP rule is demonstrated, in opposite to self-learning in existing hardware neural networks with discrete memristors synapses.
Diffusion with resetting in bounded domains

We consider the one-dimensional diffusion in a bounded domain with stochastic resetting. We start our analysis by presenting a method to derive the master equation for different resetting mechanisms. In the next step we compute the non-equilibrium steady state for a special case of this differential equation. Then we consider the existence of an absorbing point in the system and calculate the mean time to absorption of the diffusive particle by the target. Numerical and analytical calculations of the optimal resetting rate reveal a second order phase transition. Finally we discuss different special cases of the presented problem.
Use of Cranial Ultrasound Prior to the Start of Therapeutic Hypothermia for Newborn Encephalopathy

For a precise diagnosis of infant hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), neuroimaging is required. The nature and time of the brain injury, the imaging modalities used, and the timing of their application all affect the therapeutic usefulness of neuroimaging in neonatal HIE. Most neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) across the world have access to cranial ultrasound (cUS), a safe, low-cost piece of technology that may be used at the patient's bedside. Infants undergoing active therapeutic hypothermia (TH) must undergo a cUS to be screened for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), according to the clinical practice guidelines. The guidelines advise brain cUS on days 4 and 10-14 of life after hypothermia therapy is finished in order to thoroughly assess the nature and severity of any brain impairment. Early cUS is meant to rule out major ICH, which is listed in the local guideline for TH as a relative exclusion factor. This study questions whether cUS should be a required screening method before the start of TH.