Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnetic energies of single submicron permalloy rectangles determined via magnetotransport

We have investigated the magnetic properties of single submicron permalloy rectangles with a thickness of 20 nm and an aspect ratio of 2:1 via anisotropic magnetoresistance AMR . Preparation and investigation via magnetotransport are performed in situ in ultrahigh vacuum. The field-dependent magnetization behavior of the two generic cases with the magnetic field applied perpendicular and parallel to the long axis of the rectangles is studied. Due to the high sensitivity of our setup, single field sweeps are sufficient to obtain magnetoresistance curves of structures with dimensions as small as 600 300 nm2. To link features of the AMR to changes in the micromagnetic states, the remanent state has been investigated via scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis. Our main result is that the energy density of micromagnetic states can be obtained from the hard-axis magnetization behavior. It is demonstrated that a C/S state can be distinguished from a Landau state and the energy difference between both states is determined.
Second‐order diagnostics for space‐time point processes with application to seismic events

A diagnostic method for space‐time point process is introduced and used to interpret and assess the goodness of fit of particular models to real data such as the seismic ones. The proposed method is founded on the definition of a weighted process and allows to detect second‐order features of data, like long‐range dependence and fractal behavior, that are not accounted for by the fitted model. Applications to earthquake data are provided. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new class of orthogonal polynomials

A new class of orthogonal polynomials is introduced which generalizes the Bernstein-Szego polynomials and includes the associated polynomials as well. The purpose of this paper is to give a natural extension of the Bernstein-Szego orthogonal polynomials for a general class of weight functions. A nonnegative function w defined on the real line is called a weight function if w > 0, IRW > 0 and all the moments of w are finite. For a given weight w one can construct a unique system of polynomials { p&(w)})=0 such that p&(w, x) = yn(w)x' + , yn(w) > 0, and JRPn(W)Pm(W)W = 6mn. The Bernstein-Szego orthogonal polynomials [13, ? 2.6] are the ones corresponding to the weight w defined by (1) W(X) = (1 -X)-l2(l + x)-1"2/p(x), -1 < x < 1, with w supported in [-1, 1] where p is a positive polynomial in [-1,1], and these polynomials play a fundamental role in Szego's theory, in particular, they are used to solve Szego's extremal problem, they are applied to obtain Bernstein-Szego's asymptotics for orthogonal polynomials, and they make it possible to prove theorems about equiconvergence of orthogonal polynomial series and Fourier series [5-7 and 13]. If g E L1(R) then the Stieltjes transform S(g) of g is defined by S(g, z) =-I zg ( )dt, z 44 R. The nontangential boundary values of S(g, z) on the real line exist almost everywhere and they are denoted by S+(g, x) and S (g, x) depending whether we take the boundary values from the upper or lower half-plane. If g is real then S+ (g) = S(g). The Bernstein-Szeg6 weight (1) and the Stieltjes transform are connected through Fejer's representation theorem [13] for positive polynomials p in [-1, 1] according to which (2) p(x) =la + S+(Bp, x)l -1 < x < 1, Received by the editors September 12, 1983. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 42C05.
142 km, 5.625 Gbps free-space optical link based on homodyne BPSK modulation

A free-space optical link based on homodyne BPSK (binary phase shift keying) has been established between two of the Canary islands, La Palma and Tenerife, to transmit 5.625 Gpbs across 142 km. This link verifies homodyne BPSK as a robust modulation scheme even for the transmission through the atmosphere.
Effect of time derivative of contact area on dynamic friction

This study investigated dynamic friction during oblique impact of a golf ball by evaluating the ball's angular velocity, contact force, and the contact area between the ball and target. The effect of the contact area on the angular velocities was evaluated, and the results indicated that the contact area plays an important role in dynamic friction. In this study, the dynamic friction force F was given by F = μN + μη dA/dt, where μ is the coefficient of friction, N is the contact force, dA/dt is the time derivative of the contact area A, and η is a coefficient associated with the contact area.
Near ultraviolet-visible radial wire grid polarizer for tight focusing applications

Abstract. A circular wire grid polarizer (WGP) as a device to produce high quality radially polarized light at near UV wavelength range (in particular at the wavelength of λ=405 nm) is presented starting from design modeling followed by fabrication and performance analysis. The wire grid consists of concentric subwavelength metallic cylinders covering a high quality glass substrate and fabricated using an electron beam pattern generator and etching techniques. The theoretical modeling using the rigorous finite-element method and measurements of the transmitted light through the mask have been evaluated. An analysis on adjustments of the geometry of the WGP to produce the optimum focused spot of the longitudinal component of the electric field, its implementation, and qualitative testing are also presented.
Volumetric integral equation for complex media

Anisotropic, bianisotropic and chiral media or so-called complex or composite materials have caused growing interest in terms of their theoretical investigation and wide field of applications. There have been several publications on the development of the Surface Integral Equation Method (SIEM) for bianisotropic planar structures, including transmission lines on bianisotropic substrates. The impedance or admittance SIEM is suitable only for infinite or shielded substrates with coordinate forms. For non-coordinate media the most efficient method is the Volumetric Integral Equation Method (VIEM), which have been extended here for bianisotropic media.
Fast analysis of finite and curved frequency‐selective surfaces using the VSIE with MLFMA

The hybrid volume‐surface integral equation approach is proposed to analyze the transmission and reflection characteristics of finite and curved frequency‐selective surfaces structures. The surface current and electric flux density are expanded by surface RWG and volume SWG basis functions, respectively. The multilevel fast multipole algorithm is applied to reduce the computational complexity. Simulated results are given to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimentally fitting the attraction strength of an interface by the response of the thickness shear-mode acoustic wave sensor

The thickness shear-mode (TSM) sensor is extended for operating in a liquid environment for application in biological engineering. The interfacial effect between the sensor surface and the attached medium is one of the major controversies in modelling of the TSM resonator in a liquid environment. Several slip models have been proposed to describe the interfacial mechanism of a TSM resonator in a liquid environment. In this paper, the correlation between the spring–damper model and other slip models is presented. Three TSM sensors with different surface modifications were fabricated to verify the models. The results of the measured experimental frequency shifts are found to deviate from theoretical results evaluated using a non-slip model. By adjusting the attraction strength between the contacted interfaces, the results can be fitted by the spring–damping interface model.
Limit Theory for Moving Averages of Random Variables with Regularly Varying Tail Probabilities

Let 1Zk, -00 < k < ooj be iid where the Zk's have regularly varying tail probabilities. Under mild conditions on a real sequence fcj, j 2 0) the stationary process fX,: = ,=t c1Z,,. , n 2 1) exists. A point process based on XXnj converges weakly and from this, a host of weak limit results for functionals of )XnJ ensue. We study sums, extremes, excedences and first passages as well as behavior of sample covariance functions.
Competing risk analyses with special reference to matched pair experiments

SUMMARY Several models for dependent competing risk data are considered. It is assumed that the effects of certain risk factors or treatments are of primary interest and such effects are written as regression parameters in a proportional cause-specific hazards model. Techniques based on marginally sufficient statistics and partial likelihood are used for their estimation. Efficiency comparisons are made among estimates based on the suggested models. Special attention is given to the analysis of matched pair data and the methods are illustrated in a detailed analysis of data obtained from an ongoing Swedish twin study. It is well known that competing causes of death must be taken into account in the study of how risk factors affect a specific cause of death or disease. To cite an extreme example (Cornfield, 1957), if smoking not only increases the instantaneous chance of contracting lung cancer but also causes a large increase in the chance of dying from other causes, then the observed proportion of lung cancer deaths over a study period could be greater in nonsmokers than smokers because the early deaths of smokers from other causes would tend to preclude them from dying of lung cancer. In a study of surgically treated breast cancer patients Cutler, Axtell & Shottenfeld (1969) found that a reduction in survival in older patients relative to younger patients disappeared when the increased mortality at older ages due to other causes was taken into account. In studies of therapy for the treatment of leukaemia, deaths due to infection should be considered as a competing cause lest this potentially controllable cause of death obscures the potential benefit of therapy. Cornfield's paper presents a good elementary account of the competing risk problem and Cox (1959) provides a fundamental paper on models for competing risks. In this paper, models and analyses are considered for studying the effects of risk factors,
High-resolution dynamic three-dimensional profilomety based on a combination of stereovision and color-encoded digital fringe projection

A high-resolution, dynamic Three-dimensional (3-D) profilometry based on the combined stereovision and color-encoded digital fringe projection is proposed. In this technique, a sinusoidal fringe pattern is encoded with spatial neighborhood strategy based on De Bruijn sequences. A decoding algorithm for the color pattern is presented. The absolute phase value is retrieved by space method based on locally intensity variety, and unwrapped by dividing the periods based on the intensity peak and the corresponding color information. Therefore, only a single color image is needed to realize the unique code in pixel dimension, which meets the demand of high-resolution, real-time 3D shape measurement. That means this technique could realize pixel-level resolution and measure disconnected objects. Since the phase value at each pixel is only used to assist stereo matching, the 3-D reconstruction could be realtime, and the accuracy is also enhanced. A measurement system consisted of one projector and two cameras is developed. Experimental results are presented to show the feasibility of the proposed method.
On the Continuity of Weak Solutions of Backward Stochastic Differential Equations

In the present paper, the notion of a weak solution of a general backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE), which was introduced by the authors and A. Răscanu in [Theory Probab. Appl. , 49 (2005), pp. 16–50], will be discussed. The relationship between continuity of solutions, pathwise uniqueness, uniqueness in law, and existence of a pathwise unique strong solution is investigated. The main result asserts that if all weak solutions of a BSDE are continuous, then the solution is pathwise unique. One should notice that this is a specific result for BSDEs and there is of course no counterpart for (forward) stochastic differential equations (SDEs). As a consequence, if a weak solution exists and all solutions are continuous, then there exists a pathwise unique solution and this solution is strong. Moreover, if the driving process is a continuous local martingale satisfying the previsible representation property, then the converse is also true. In other words, the existence of discontinuous solutions to.
A hydrodynamic treatment of the tilted cold dark matter cosmological scenario

The evolution of structure in a postrecombination Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe containing both gaseous baryons and cold dark matter (CDM) is studied by means of an Eulerian code coupled with a standard particle-mesh code. Ionization state and radiative opacity are calculated in detail, and the hydrodynamic simulations make it possible to compute properties of gas distribution on scales larger than three cell sizes. The model yields a soft X-ray background consistent with the latest cosmic nucleosynthesis values, and can accurately reproduce the galaxy-galaxy two-point correlation. The rate of galaxy formation peaks at a relatively late epoch. With regard to mass function, the smallest objects are stabilized against collapse by thermal energy: the mass-weighted mass spectrum peaks in the vicinity of m(b) = 10 exp 9.2 solar masses with a reasonable fit to the Schecter luminosity function if the baryon mass to blue light ratio is approximately 4. Overall, the simulations provide strong support for the CMD scenario. Of particular interest is that, while the baryons are not biased on scales greater than 1/h Mpc, the galaxies are, and that the 'galaxies' have a correlation function of the required slope and the correct amplitude.
Oversampled finite-discrete Gabor transforms

This paper considers the construction and fast computation of non-periodic discretizations of the Gabor transform. We first derive a reasonable finite version of the continuous transform by discretizing the integrals over regular in the time-frequency domain. We next apply the novel decomposition of the Gabor transform presented by Redding and Newsam (see Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing III, p.5-8, 1994) to reduce the discrete system to a collection of independent overdetermined Toeplitz mosaic systems. For the special case of an integer oversampling ratio, appealing to new results on the generalized inverses of Toeplitz mosaic systems then establishes that the discrete oversampled transforms and their generalized inverses can be repeatedly computed in O(J log J) operations, after an initial setup cost of O(Jlog/sup 2/ J) operations to appropriately factorize the inverse (J is the number of samples in the time-frequency domain). The paper thus generalizes the results of Zibulski and Zeevi (see IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing vol.42, p.942-945, 1994) on the fast computation of oversampled Gabor transforms and their inverses by removing the requirement for a periodic window function. <<ETX>>
Microwave structure of the quiet sun at 8.5 GHz

Multifrequency VLA observations of the quiet sun near 8.5 GHz are presented. Two regions of the sun were observed, one dominated by an enhanced network corresponding to a decayed active region, and the other corresponding to an enhanced network with no active features. The full-day synthesis maps for both show nearly perfect correspondence to H-alpha images, and to longitudinal magnetograms. The coronal loops were observed to appear as regions of radio emission with no underlying longitudinal magnetic fields, being aligned with H-alpha fibrils in the photosphere, and connecting regions of opposite magnetic polarity. The emission can be modeled as optically thin free-free emission from a coronal loop with a peak axial density of approximately 2.4-2.8 x 10 to the 9th/cu cm, for an assumed coronal temperature of 1-2 x 10 to the 6th K. The quiet chromosphere sources are measured, and the significance of these measurements for existing chromospheric models is discussed. 14 refs.
T Tauri stars in blue

We present an atlas of 96 low dispersion spectra of T Tauri stars, both classical and weak-lined. The flux-calibrated spectra extend from Hβ to well blueward of the Balmer jump. Observed equivalent widths and rough blue veilings are presented. We model stars with excess emission as a combination of a weak-lined T Tauri star of a similar spectral type and a slab of hot hydrogen. We tabulate the physical parameters of the slab, and give both intrinsic and observed Balmer jumps. The region responsible for the excess blue continuum has a high density and small surface area, in agreement with previous work. This is consistent with the boundary layer hypothesis, but not unique to it. We suggest that the emission region may actually be the stellar photosphere, heated by accretion shocks at the footpoints of magnetic loops extending to the disk
A Review on Path Planning and Obstacle Avoidance Algorithms for Autonomous Mobile Robots

Mobile robots have been widely used in various sectors in the last decade. A mobile robot could autonomously navigate in any environment, both static and dynamic. As a result, researchers in the robotics field have offered a variety of techniques. This paper reviews the mobile robot navigation approaches and obstacle avoidance used so far in various environmental conditions to recognize the improvement of path planning strategists. Taking into consideration commonly used classical approaches such as Dijkstra algorithm (DA), artificial potential field (APF), probabilistic road map (PRM), cell decomposition (CD), and meta-heuristic techniques such as fuzzy logic (FL), neutral network (NN), particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), cuckoo search algorithm (CSO), and artificial bee colony (ABC). Classical approaches have limitations of trapping in local minima, failure to handle uncertainty, and many more. On the other hand, it is observed that heuristic approaches can solve most real-world problems and perform well after some modification and hybridization with classical techniques. As a result, many methods have been established worldwide for the path planning strategy for mobile robots. The most often utilized approaches, on the other hand, are offered below for further study.
Mosquito Fauna and Spatial Distribution in an Atlantic Forest Area in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, Reveal a High Risk of Transmission of Yellow Fever and Other Arboviruses

In 2017–2019, Brazil recorded its most severe outbreak of yellow fever due to the spread of the virus (YFV) in the country’s southeast. Here, we investigated mosquito fauna and the spatial distribution of species in a primatology center in the Atlantic Forest bioregion in Rio de Janeiro state to evaluate the risk of YFV transmission in distinct environments. Fortnightly mosquito collections were performed from December 2018 to December 2019 at 12 sites along a disturbance gradient from a modified environment to 400 m inside the forest. We used ovitraps, BG-Sentinel, and protected human attraction (PHA). A total of 9349 mosquitoes of 21 species were collected. The collection method strongly influenced the captured fauna, with species such as Anopheles cruzii, Psorophora ferox, Runchomyia cerqueirai, Wyeomyia incaudata, Wy. theobaldi, Sabethes chloropterus, and Sa. albiprivus only collected via PHA. Collections with ovitraps resulted in low diversity and richness, with Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Hg. janthinomys/capricornii predominating. The diverse local fauna and the abundance and ubiquity of the latter species, which are the primary vectors of YFV, indicated that this area was highly vulnerable to arbovirus transmission, especially yellow fever, highlighting the need for improved surveillance and vaccination coverage in human and captive endangered non-human primates.
Synchronization and tracking control for multi‐motor driving servo systems with backlash and friction

This paper presents a novel switching controller incorporated with backlash and friction compensations, which is utilized to achieve speed synchronization among multi‐motor and load position tracking. The proposed controller consists of two parts: synchronization and tracking control in contact mode and robust control in backlash mode, where a function characterizing whether backlash occurs is used for switching between two modes. Using the proposed switching controller, several control objectives are achieved. Firstly, the coupling problem of speed synchronization and load tracking in contact mode is addressed by introducing a switching plane. Secondly, based on the switching plane, an improved prescribed performance function is introduced to attain load tracking with prescribed performances, and L∞ performance of speed synchronization is guaranteed by initialization method, maintaining the transient performance of synchronization behavior. Thirdly, the lumped uncertain nonlinearity including friction and other uncertain functions is compensated by Chebyshev neural network in contact mode. Furthermore, a robust control is adopted in backlash mode to make system traverse backlash at an exponential rate and simultaneously eliminate low‐speed crawling phenomenon of LuGre friction. Finally, comparative simulations on four‐motor driving servo system are provided to verify the effectiveness and reliability. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulation of pulsations in the bora wind

Numerical simulation of a long bora episode is presented and compared with measurements. The goal is to resolve the quasi‐periodic oscillations of the bora gusts, i.e. the pulsations. The model reproduced well the approximately 7 min periodicity of pulsations and the upstream structure of the atmosphere, and can thus be used for the detailed dynamical considerations.
Degradation mechanisms and lifetime of state‐of‐the‐art green laser diodes

This paper presents a detailed analysis of the degradation kinetics and of the reliability of state‐of‐the‐art InGaN‐based green laser diodes (LDs), submitted to CW stress tests at different operating conditions. Results described in the following indicate that: (i) constant current stress induces an increase in threshold current (Ith), which is well correlated to a decrease in the sub‐threshold emission; (ii) the Ith increase has a power law dependence on stress time; (iii) the degradation rate is strongly dependent on the stress current level while it does not significantly depend on the optical field in the cavity; (iv) stress temperature acts as an accelerating factor for LDs degradation; the activation energy of the degradation process is equal to 258 meV; (v) pure thermal storage does not induce a significant degradation of device characteristics. Cathodoluminescence measurements were carried out to get more insight into the physical origin of the degradation process.
CAD‐based shape optimisation with CFD using a discrete adjoint

One of the major challenges of shape optimisation in practical industrial cases is to generically parametrise the wide range of complex shapes. A novel approach is presented, which takes CAD descriptions as input and produces the optimal shape in CAD form using the control points of the Non‐Uniform Rational B‐Splines (NURBS) boundary representation as design variables. An implementation of the NURBS equations in source allows to include the CAD‐based shape deformation inside the design loop and evaluate its sensitivities efficiently and robustly. In order to maintain or establish the required level of geometric continuity across patch interfaces, geometric constraints are imposed on the control point displacements. The paper discusses the discrete adjoint flow solver used and the computation of the complete sensitivities of the design loop by differentiating all components using automatic differentiation tools. The resulting rich but smooth deformation space is demonstrated on the optimisation of a vehicle climate duct. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.