Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic Metamagnetic Spin Reorientation and Rotational Magnetocaloric Effect of Single Crystal NdAlGe

Magnetic anisotropy strongly influences the performance of the magnetocaloric effect. We investigated the magnetocaloric properties of the NdAlGe single crystal with I41md structure. The temperature-dependent magnetization revealed significant anisotropic properties; stable antiferromagnetic transition at TN = 6 K for H//a and meta-magnetic spin reorientation at low temperature (T ≤ 5 K) within an intermediate field (H = 2 T) for H//c. During the metamagnetic spin reorientation, the abrupt change of the magnetic entropy leads to a significant magnetocaloric effect with negative magnetic entropy change (∆SM) by −13.80 J kg−1 K−1 at TC = 5.5 K for H = 5 T along the H//c axis. In addition, the antiferromagnetic state for H//a shows the inverse magnetocaloric effect(I-MCE) by positive entropy change ∆SM = 2.64 J kg−1 K−1 at TN = 6 K for H = 5 T. This giant MCE accompanied by the metamagnetic transition resulted in a significantly large relative cooling power (158 J/kg at H = 5 T) for H//c. The giant MCE and I-MCE can be applied to the rotational magnetocaloric effect (R-MCE) depending on the crystal orientations. NdAlGe exhibits rotational entropy change ∆Sc−a = −12.85 J kg−1 K at Tpeak = 7.5 K, H = 5 T. With comparison to conventional MCE materials, NdAlGe is suggested as promising candidate of R-MCE, which is a novel type of magnetic refrigeration system.
Novel Magnetic Composite Materials for Dental Structure Restoration Application

In general, magnetic nanoparticles are not often used in dental applications due to some limitations of these materials, such as aggregation problems and low mechanical and chemical resistance but also esthetic problems due to their black color. Our research presents the synthesis of novel magnetic dental composite materials based on magnetic nanoparticles, functionalized and properly coated to overcome the limitations of using magnetic nanoparticles in dental applications. The composites were prepared using a preparation flow containing several integrated reaction steps used previously sequentially. An adequate and deep characterization of dental magnetic composites has been carried out in order to demonstrate that each limitation has been successfully overcome. It was proved that each component brings particular benefits in dental interventions: Fe3O4 nanoparticles have biocompatible, non-toxic properties and also antimicrobial effects; the SiO2 layer significantly increases the mechanical strength of the material; and the Ca(OH)2 layer initiates local calcification and significantly improves the color of the dental composite material. Due to magnetic properties, an innovative application approach on the tooth surface can be achieved under an external magnetic field, which, compared to conventional methods, has a major impact on reducing the occurrence of dental caries under filling materials as well as on reducing microfractures.
Modelling of flow‐dependent ensemble‐based background‐error correlations using a wavelet formulation in 4D‐Var at Météo‐France

The use of a wavelet formulation and ensemble data assimilation is considered in this study, in order to specify flow‐dependent background‐error correlations for the Météo‐France global 4D‐Var system. This wavelet model is calibrated by using a temporal series of recent perturbed backgrounds, which is sampled in a sliding way. This approach is compared to a homogeneous and static spectral formulation of error correlations. Diagnostic studies are conducted in order to illustrate the representation of heterogeneous and flow‐dependent correlation features, corresponding for instance to smaller horizontal length‐scales in the vicinity of midlatitude lows and to larger vertical correlations in vertically unstable regions. The positive impact of the flow‐dependent wavelet formulation on the forecast quality is then shown during two contrasting three‐week periods. The impact of an increased ensemble size when using this approach is also illustrated, in terms of length‐scale dynamics and forecast quality.
A Case of Mediastinal Tuberculous Lymphadenitis in a Chronic Dialysis Patient Diagnosed by Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (EBUS-TBNA)

A 54-year-old woman on dialysis due to chronic renal failure had a fever lasting 2 weeks and was referred to a hospital. Non-enhanced CT and blood tests showed no remarkable findings. She was hospitalized and received an antibacterial drug. Although she was discharged after the fever subsided, she was hospitalized again due to a fever a few days later. A contrast-enhanced CT revealed mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and she was transferred to our hospital for a bronchoscopy. Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for subcarinal lymph nodes was performed in our hospital. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test of the obtained specimen was positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis, and histologically, caseous granulomas were found in the specimen. She was diagnosed with mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis, and HREZ (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide) treatment was started. The fever subsided immediately, and she was discharged from our hospital 2 weeks after the initiation of treatment. Thereafter, she received treatment as an outpatient. Since the use of a contrast medium was complicated by dialysis, a non-enhanced CT was performed at first, and it was difficult to make a diagnosis from this. We report this as an informative case that could be diagnosed with EBUS-TBNA, which was easily performed on a patient weakened by prolonged fever and dialysis.
Statistical Analysis and Spectral Method

Statistical and spectral analyses are commonly used to characterize random phenomena which are seemingly chaotic, irregular, and unpredictable. They can also be used as the effect tools to study and describe turbulent flow, since the turbulent flow is random. Many different computational approaches have been developed to solve turbulence problem, which is a very difficult problem. The most widely used models include statistical models and pseudospectral methods that are based on statistical and spectral analysis, respectively. In the statistical models, such as turbulent-viscosity models, e.g., k − ε model, Reynolds-stress models, probability-density function (PDF) methods, and large eddy simulation (LES), the turbulent flow is described in terms of some statistics. In the pseudospectral methods, the turbulent flow is described in terms of the spectral coefficients in the spectral space. However, in order to extract the essential kinetic and dynamic characteristics of turbulence and interpret it properly from experimental and numerical results, the statistical and spectral analyses are also used to deal with and to analyze these data, amount of which has grown through application of new experimental and computational tools. Throughout the book, the turbulent control problems are solved numerically by the pseudospectral methods, the experiment and numerical dada involved are dealt with by statistical or spectral analysis, and the discussions on turbulent flow are based on the statistical and spectral descriptions. Therefore, the statistical analysis and spectral method are introduced briefly in Chapter 1. In Section 1.1, statistical analysis is presented, and in Section 1.2, the statistical representation of turbulent flow is discussed. Sections 1.3 and 1.4 are concerned with spectral series expansions for Fourier series and other orthogonal basis. The fundamental concepts and technical of spectral method, a numerical method for partial differential equations, are introduced in Section 1.5 and its spectacular applications to Navier–Stokes (N-S) equations to turbulent flows are discussed in Section 1.6.
The variance of discounted Markov decision processes

Formulae are presented for the variance and higher moments of the present value of single-stage rewards in a finite Markov decision process. Similar formulae are exhibited for a semi-Markov decision process. There is a short discussion of the obstacles to using the variance formula in algorithms to maximize the mean minus a multiple of the standard deviation.
Exploring the physics of the Earth's core with numerical simulations

In the first chapter of this report, I discuss some of my work of the past 7 years, since I joined the geodynamo team at ISTerre as a CNRS researcher. This work most often involves numerical simulations with codes that I have written. An important step forward in the efficiency of simulations based on the spherical harmonic transform has come from the matrix-free SHTns library I have designed and written (Schaeffer, 2013). Numerical simulations linked to the magnetized spherical Couette experiment DTS have been performed to understand its peculiar turbulence (Figueroa et al., 2013) and try to characterize the effect of the small turbulent scales on the induction processes (Cabanes, Schaeffer, and Nataf, 2014a; Cabanes, Schaeffer, and Nataf, 2014b). Related to the Earth’s core dynamics, my simulations helped to characterize the effects of the magnetic field on short timescale flows, leading to strong arguments for quasi-geostrophic (columnar) flows at large spatial scales (& 10 km) and short timescales (. 10 years) in the core (Gillet, Schaeffer, and Jault, 2011). Smaller length scales evade the rotational constraint because inertial waves are getting too slow. At longer length scales more research is needed, but we have already explored the implications of a deformation of the columns by magnetic fields (Schaeffer, Lora Silva, and Pais, 2016). We have also shown that near the equator, where the columnar flows were expected to wither, the quasi-geostrophy seems strong in the Earth’s core (Schaeffer and Pais, 2011). Prompted by observations, we studied the propagation and reflection of torsional Alfven waves in the core, and showed the importance of the value of the magnetic Prandtl number (Schaeffer, Jault, et al., 2012). Moreover, an extension of this work to include a conducting solid layer at the top of the core suggests the existence of such a layer with a rather strong conductance in the Earth. More recently, and as a logical follow-up, I have produced turbulent geodynamo simulations, with interesting implications that will be reported in a future publication, but several facts are already presented in appendix D and will also be discussed here. These simulations have also fed the reflection that resulted in our chapter on core turbulence in the second edition of the Treatise on Geophysics (Nataf and Schaeffer, 2015). In the second chapter, I present synthetically my ongoing work and projects that develop even further the topics above, but also new projects on the dynamo of the early Moon and further numerical developments.
Role of Microbiota-Modified Bile Acids in the Regulation of Intracellular Organelles and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Bile acids (BAs) are amphiphilic steroidal molecules generated from cholesterol in the liver and facilitate the digestion and absorption of fat-soluble substances in the gut. Some BAs in the intestine are modified by the gut microbiota. Because BAs are modified in a variety of ways by different types of bacteria present in the gut microbiota, changes in the gut microbiota can affect the metabolism of BAs in the host. Although most BAs absorbed from the gut are transferred to the liver, some are transferred to the systemic circulation. Furthermore, BAs have also been detected in the brain and are thought to migrate into the brain through the systemic circulation. Although BAs are known to affect a variety of physiological functions by acting as ligands for various nuclear and cell-surface receptors, BAs have also been found to act on mitochondria and autophagy in the cell. This review focuses on the BAs modified by the gut microbiota and their roles in intracellular organelles and neurodegenerative diseases.
On the application of Perseus to MDPs : Final project report.

This project explored the possibility of applying Perseus, a randomized point-based value iteration algorithm for partially observable markov decision processes (POMDPs), on markov decision processes (MDPs). MDPs to which one wants to apply Perseus will need to meet certain criteria, which follow directly from the mathematics behind Perseus. These criteria were formulated and ways in which these criteria could be met were presented. Two frequently used benchmark problems from the field of reinforcement learning were selected for testing Perseus; the Mountain Car problem and the Inverted Pendulum (pole balancing task). PerseusMDPwas first applied to Mountain Car, since this problem appeard the most promising for yielding good results for PerseusMDPdue to the shape of the optimal valuefunction. It was subsequently shown that PerseusMDP cannot work due to the nature of the Perseus backup operator. Examples were given to illustrate the problems that occur when attempting to apply Perseus to MDPs and an explanation why PerseusMDP cannot work was formulated. Finally, suggestions for future adaptations of PerseusMDP in the spirit of Perseus were presented.
Event‐driven actuators: to zero or to hold?

This paper investigates networked control systems where a number of actuators are involved but only a subset of them is assigned to be active at a time. The assignment of actuators is driven by a random event modeled as a Markov chain. When an actuator is not assigned access to the current control signal, either a zero or the output of a zero‐order hold (ZOH) is used as the control signal. For both cases, a stability analysis and control design framework dependent on the states of the Markov chain is established for linear discrete systems. It is shown that the resulted sufficient and necessary stability condition for the zero‐based system is more easily solvable than that of the ZOH‐based case. Numerical examples have shown that the use of zero control may yield better performance than the ZOH strategy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Error estimates for stochastic differential games: the adverse stopping case

We obtain error bounds for monotone approximation schemes of a particular Isaacs equation. This is an extension of the theory for estimating errors for the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. To obtain the upper error bound, we consider the 'Krylov regularization' of the Isaacs equation to build an approximate sub-solution of the scheme. To get the lower error bound, we extend the method of Barles & Jakobsen (2005, SIAM J. Numer. Anal.) which consists in introducing a switching system whose solutions are local super-solutions of the Isaacs equation.
Certain Controllability Properties of Analytic Control Systems

In this article we consider analytic control systems defined on an analytic manifold M. In particular, we study the relationship between the accessibility property, i.e., attainable sets having nonempty interior, and controllability. This study is restricted to analytic control systems because they admit a very simple algebraic criterion for determining the accessibility property; this criterion is a generalization of the well-known rank condition for linear systems.The main difficulty in extending the accessibility property to yield controllability lies in the fact that the time coordinate is nondecreasing. Beside systems of the form $F(x,u) = - F(x, - u)$, right invariant control systems defined on a compact Lie group are controllable whenever they have the accessibility property. It seems reasonable that a similar result should hold for arbitrary compact manifolds.
Cyber-victimisation of adults with long-term conditions in the UK: A cross-sectional study

Background: Individuals living with chronic conditions and disabilities experience harassment and cyber-victimisation which impose distressing consequences. This is mostly documented among children and adolescents. However, the scope of such experiences is not well-documented among adults with long-term conditions, and the potential impact was not examined from a public health perspective in this context. Objective: This study aims to examine the scope of cyber-victimisation among adults living with long term conditions in the UK and the perceived impact on the self-management of chronic conditions. Methods: This paper reports the findings of the quantitative phase of a mixed-method study in the UK. An online survey was developed and disseminated, the recruitment was online via 55 victim support groups, health support organisations, and social media accounts of non-governmental organisations and activists. Results: Quantitative data from 152 participants showed that almost one in every two adults with chronic conditions was cyber-victimised (45.39%). Most victims (76.81%) had a self-reported disability, and the relationship between cyber-victimisation and disability was statistically significant. The most common means to contact the victims included Facebook (63.24%), followed by personal email or text messaging, each accounting for 27(39.71%). Nine participants (13.24%) were victimised in online health forums. Furthermore, 61.11% of victims reported that experiencing cyber-victimisation had affected their health condition self-management plan. The highest impact was on lifestyle changes such as exercise, diet, avoiding triggers, and avoiding excessive smoking or alcohol drinking. This was followed by changes to medications and follow up with healthcare professionals. The majority of victims (69%) perceived a worsened self-efficacy on the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Diseases Scales.
Transfer Learning in Trajectory Decoding: Sensor or Source Space?

In this study, across-participant and across-session transfer learning was investigated to minimize the calibration time of the brain–computer interface (BCI) system in the context of continuous hand trajectory decoding. We reanalyzed data from a study with 10 able-bodied participants across three sessions. A leave-one-participant-out (LOPO) model was utilized as a starting model. Recursive exponentially weighted partial least squares regression (REW-PLS) was employed to overcome the memory limitation due to the large pool of training data. We considered four scenarios: generalized with no update (Gen), generalized with cumulative update (GenC), and individual models with cumulative (IndC) and non-cumulative (Ind) updates, with each one trained with sensor-space features or source-space features. The decoding performance in generalized models (Gen and GenC) was lower than the chance level. In individual models, the cumulative update (IndC) showed no significant improvement over the non-cumulative model (Ind). The performance showed the decoder’s incapability to generalize across participants and sessions in this task. The results suggested that the best correlation could be achieved with the sensor-space individual model, despite additional anatomical information in the source-space features. The decoding pattern showed a more localized pattern around the precuneus over three sessions in Ind models.
Co‐design of adaptive event‐triggered scheme and output feedback controller for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems

This article proposes a new co‐design adaptive event‐triggered (AET) robust control method based on output feedback to stabilize nonlinear systems with parametric uncertainties. The proposed event‐triggered mechanism (ETM) is obtained based on the finite gain L2$$ {L}_2 $$ stability. First, in the case of pre‐designed control gains, an AET robust controller is designed to guarantee the stability of the closed‐loop system. Then, a new approach is presented to co‐design the control gain and the adaptive event‐triggered mechanism, simultaneously. The proposed ETM which is presented in the form of linear matrix inequalities, leads to an increase in the average of inter‐event times. Moreover, the stability in the presence of the event‐based system and avoidance of the Zeno phenomenon have been ensured. Finally, to indicate the capability of the proposed methods, two examples are simulated. Simulation results show that in the proposed method the feasibility margin and the quality of the response are well maintained, and the number of samplings is reduced.
Temporal characteristics of runaway electrons in electron-neutral collision-dominated plasma of dense gases. Monte Carlo calculations

Electron runaway rates, and runaway delay time, runaway threshold energies were obtained from Monte Carlo (MC) simulations in the field domains 35-400 kV/cm and 240-400 kV/cm, respectively, for helium and nitrogen at 1 atm. MC simulations disprove all available analytical theories that ignore angular scattering of electrons, with the sole exception of Gurevich's theory for helium, in which angular scattering is relatively weak.
Scaling behavior and parasitic series resistance in disordered organic field-effect transistors

The scaling behavior of the transfer characteristics of solution-processed disordered organic thin-film transistors with channel length is investigated. This is done for a variety of organic semiconductors in combination with gold injecting electrodes. From the channel-length dependence of the transistor resistance in the conducting ON-state, we determine the field-effect mobility and the parasitic series resistance. The extracted parasitic resistance, typically in the MΩ range, depends on the applied gate voltage, and we find experimentally that the parasitic resistance decreases with increasing field-effect mobility.
The uncertainty principle and its theory and applications in advanced television

The explicit form of the uncertainty principle for the 3-D signals of advanced television (ATV) is given, and the conditions for efficient use of spatiotemporal BW are discussed. Applications to extrapolation and to approximation in an interval by a bandlimited 3-D function are summarized. A theory for spatiotemporal interchange based on the analog between the inertia tensor of classical mechanics and a dispersion tensor for a 3-D image is described and a possible approach to spatio-temporal interchange is presented. Potential applications of previous results in image processing to location and resolution of objects and coding are discussed. <<ETX>>
CLOUD AND HAZE IN THE WINTER POLAR REGION OF TITAN OBSERVED WITH VISUAL AND INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER ON BOARD CASSINI

A large cloud in the north polar region of Titan was first observed by the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) in 2005 and then in 2006. This cloud, confined beyond the latitude 62°N, is surrounded by a mixture of aerosol and mist probably lying in the low stratosphere and troposphere. Subsequent images of this region of Titan show a gradual vanishing of this cloud which was reported previously. In this paper, we characterize the physical properties of this cloud, haze, and mist as well as their time evolutions. We note several details on the images such as a secondary cloud above the main cloud and latitudes beyond 70°N. We also show that the cloud disappearance leaves the polar region poorly loaded in aerosols, yielding an annular zone of aerosols between 50°N and 65°N. Our analysis suggests that this structure observed by VIMS in the near-IR is an annular structure observed by ISS on board Voyager one Titan year ago in 1980.
High-rate active galaxy monitoring at the wise observatory. III, The broad-line region of NGC 4151

Results of an AGN monitoring program for the Seyfert galaxy NGC 4151 are presented. The space and velocity distribution of the broad large region (BLR) gas in this AGN are analyzed. Through cross-correlation, it is found that both Hα and Hβ lag the continuum variations by 9 ± 12 days. Through Fourier and maximun entropy deconvolutions of the continuum and emission-line curves, the approximate transfert function of the BLR in this object is recovered.