Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conjunctival primary acquired melanosis and melanoma: tales, fairy tales, and facts.

In a recent issue of Clinics in Dermatology on the subject of melanoma, guest editor Jane M. Grant-Kels introduced the topic with a story from her residency in dermatology. She described a young man in his thirties, in perfect health, recently married and living a life of excitement with mountain climbing and skydiving, who became suddenly confused and gravely ill. His abdominal ascites was tapped and displayed black fluid, highly suspicious for metastatic melanoma. But from where? Later inspection of this semiconscious man revealed a neck scar from previous melanoma surgery hidden under his beard. This ill-fated man was dead 1 week later. All of us have had experiences of similar haunting stories that we have witnessed through our patients. While a resident at Wills Eye Hospital, I recall working long days in the emergency room, curing corneal abrasions and temporarily lowering high pressures. But one case that has remained permanently lucid in my memory is that of a young woman who recounted that she had lost her contact lens. Her vision was blurred without the lens. On inspection, there was no displaced lens. I was about to discharge her to get a new lens but a fleeting thought advised to me to dilate the pupils and check the fundus. To my surprise, this patient had a total retinal detachment with an ominous, dark brown, choroidal melanoma filling half of the eye. Following enucleation, she was dead within 2 years. And the stories continue with conjunctival melanoma. Stories like the tale of the 50-year-old, good-natured office secretary from a doctor’s practice who had been casually observed for years with a “birthmark” on her eye. We offered an opinion, noticed a thickened pigmented limbal mass with corneal invasion, and advised resection for worry of melanoma that was subsequently confirmed on histopathology. This tale had a happy ending. But how about this story of the 28-year-old African-American woman with a “birthmark” on her conjunctiva that was watched and photographed as it grew and enlarged. Why was it watched? Well, both she and her doctor “knew” that African-Americans do not develop melanoma. Right? No, wrong. As it turns out, the melanoma invaded the orbit and necessitated exenteration. Lymph node biopsy showed metastasis, and she faces ultimate death. This tale had a solemn ending. Anticipation and prevention of melanoma might have altered the lives of these 2 women. INCREASING INCIDENCE
Multi-exemplar based clustering for imbalanced data

Clustering is an important unsupervised technique of data analysis to find the underlining information of the unlabelled data. Many clustering approaches have been developed and reported in the literature and some of them are widely applied in real world problems such as k-means and fuzzy k-means. However, when handling imbalanced data in which the classes have very different sizes, the performance of these algorithms may not be very effective. The results of these algorithms always generate clusters with similar sizes which is called "uniform effect". To prevent uniform effect and improve the clustering performance, we proposed a new approach called multi-exemplar merging clustering(MEMC) for imbalanced data in this paper. Our approach is composed of two stages of processing: multiple exemplars identification stage and exemplars merging stage. In the first stage, multiple exemplars which are the data objects selected to represent the data set are identified using MEAP. In the second stage, the exemplars are merged based on the proposed overlapping measure(OM) which reflects the degree of overlapping between clusters. Experimental results on several synthetic and real world data sets are conducted to show the effectiveness of our proposed approach on imbalanced data clustering.
Suppportive frameworks for youth engagement

EDITORS' NOTES (Mimi Michaelson, Jeanne Nakamura). 1. The Nature of Vital Engagement in Adulthood (Jeanne Nakamura). 2. A Model of Extraordinary Social Engagement, or "Moral Giftedness" (Mimi Michaelson). 3. The Development of an Enduring Commitment to Service Work (Wendy Fischman, Deborah A. Schutte, Becca Solomon, Grace Wu Lam). 4. Predictors of Positive Cooperative Behavior in Youths (Hugh McIntosh, Jennifer A. Schmidt, Fengbin Chang). 5. Encouraging Mentorship in Young Scientists (Gregory C. Feldman). 6. Continuing Motivation Beyond the High School Classroom (David J. Shernoff, Lisa Hoogstra). INDEX.
Using Interactive Imagework with Children: Walking on the Magic Mountain

Introduction. Part I. 1. Images and imagework. 2. The interaction between mind and body. 3. Problem-solving and goal-setting. 4. Children coping with stress. 5. Children and self-esteem. Part II. 6. Guidelines for facilitating an imagework session. 7. Session 1: An exploratory journey for confidence. 8. Session 2: Friendships. 9. Session 3: Self-esteem. 10. Session 4: Love and self-nurturing. 11. Session 5: Communication and reducing anxiety. 12. Session 6: Setting goals. 13. Session 7: Meeting the wise and loving being. Appendix A: Example of an imagework session to explore the problem of teasing. Appendix B: Relaxation exercises. Appendix C: Breath control exercises. References. Suggested reading. Useful addresses. Index.
Comparison of brain volume abnormalities between ADHD and conduct disorder in adolescence.

BACKGROUND Previous studies of brain structure abnormalities in conduct disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) samples have been limited owing to cross-comorbidity, preventing clear understanding of which structural brain abnormalities might be specific to or shared by each disorder. To our knowledge, this study was the first direct comparison of grey and white matter volumes in diagnostically "pure" (i.e., no comorbidities) conduct disorder and ADHD samples. METHODS Groups of adolescents with noncormobid conduct disorder and with noncomorbid, combined-subtype ADHD were compared with age- and sex-matched controls using DARTEL voxel-based analysis of T1-weighted brain structure images. Analysis of variance with post hoc analyses compared whole brain grey and white matter volumes among the groups. RESULTS We included 24 adolescents in each study group. There was an overall 13% reduction in grey matter volume in adolescents with conduct disorder, reflecting numerous frontal, temporal, parietal and subcortical deficits. The same grey matter regions typically were not abnormal in those with ADHD. Deficits in frontal lobe regions previously identified in studies of patients with ADHD either were not detected, or group differences from controls were not as strong as those between the conduct disorder and control groups. White matter volume measurements did not differentiate conduct disorder and ADHD. LIMITATIONS Our modest sample sizes prevented meaningful examination of individual features of ADHD or conduct disorder, such as aggression, callousness, or hyperactive versus inattentive symptom subtypes. CONCLUSION The evidence supports theories of frontotemporal abnormalities in adolescents with conduct disorder, but raises questions about the prominence of frontal lobe and striatal structural abnormalities in those with noncomorbid, combined-subtype ADHD. The latter point is clinically important, given the widely held belief that ADHD is associated with numerous frontal lobe structural deficits, a conclusion that is not strongly supported following direct comparison of diagnostically pure groups. The results are important for future etiological studies, particularly those seeking to identify how early expression of specific brain structure abnormalities could potentiate the risk for antisocial behaviour.
Mining association rules with multiple minimum supports

Association rule mining is an important model in data mining. Its mining algorithms discover all item associations (or rules) in the data that satisfy the user-specified minimum support (minsup) and minimum confidence (minconf) constraints. Minsup controls the minimum number of data cases that a rule must cover. Minconf controls the predictive strength of the rule. Since only one minsup is used for the whole database, the model implicitly assumes that all items in the data are of the same nature and/or have similar frequencies in the data. This is, however, seldom the case in reallife applications. In many applications, some items appear very frequently in the data, while others rarely appear. If minsup is set too high, those rules that involve rare items will not be found. To find rules that involve both frequent and rare items, minsup has to be set very low. This may cause combinatorial explosion because those frequent items will be associated with one another in all possible ways. This dilemma is called the rare item problem. This paper proposes a novel technique to solve this problem. The technique allows the user to specify multiple minimum supports to reflect the natures of the items and their varied frequencies in the database. In rule mining, different rules may need to satisfy different minimum supports depending on what items are in the rules. Experiment results show that the technique is very effective.
Automatic tracking method for sports video analysis

This paper addr'esses t.he implemenl.ation oj an advanced visual-based t.ennis sports video analysis system. Firstly, a whit.e pi1;el-Jraction based met.hod is used to detect. the significant Jrames that include the t.ennis court. In addition, we employ the I.emporal correlation between two consecutive Jrames 1.0 track the court locat.ion within a local search ar'Ca" Furtherm.01T, 'We p1'Opose a player segmenl.at. ion and I.racking algor'ithm thai. sepam. /. ely builds backgmund models J01' the playing Jield and the ar'm s1Lrrmmding t.he . field according t.o their' diffeTent. color's. This enables 1.0 pmvide it. as a pr'CIlict.ion oj the CUTTenl. frame JOT mOTe efficiency. ResuUs on real tenn'is video data ar'e presented, demonsl.rating t.he validity and perI01-m.ance of the appmach.
An Efficient Classification Algorithm Based on Pattern Range Tree Prototypes

Abstraction based Pattern Classifier has drawn a lot of attention today. This type of classifier has two phases. They are: design phase, where the abstractions are created and classification phase, where the classification is done using these abstractions. Techniques like neural networks, genetic algorithms require very high design time. In other techniques like nearest neighbor classifier, the design time is near to zero but the classification time is predominantly high. Pattern Count Tree (PC- tree) based classifier was proposed as an abstraction based classifier that strikes a balance between the design time and the classification time. In this paper, we are going to propose a novel data structure called Pattern Range Tree (PR-tree) and a pattern classifier based on PR- tree. Experimental results presented in this paper show that PR-tree based classifier (PRC) is more efficient than PC-tree based classifier (PCC) in terms of storage space, processing time and classification accuracy.
Characteristics and outcomes of women using emergency medical services for third-trimester pregnancy-related problems in India: a prospective observational study

Objectives Characterise the demographics, management and outcomes of obstetric patients transported by emergency medical services (EMS). Design Prospective observational study. Setting Five Indian states using a centralised EMS agency that transported 3.1 million pregnant women in 2014. Participants This study enrolled a convenience sample of 1684 women in third trimester of pregnancy calling with a ‘pregnancy-related’ problem for free-of-charge ambulance transport. Calls were deemed ‘pregnancy related’ if categorised by EMS dispatchers as ‘pregnancy’, ‘childbirth’, ‘miscarriage’ or ‘labour pains’. Interfacility transfers, patients absent on ambulance arrival and patients refusing care were excluded. Main outcome measures Emergency medical technician (EMT) interventions, method of delivery and death. Results The median age enrolled was 23 years (IQR 21–25). Women were primarily from rural or tribal areas (1550/1684 (92.0%)) and lower economic strata (1177/1684 (69.9%)). Time from initial call to hospital arrival was longer for rural/tribal compared with urban patients (66 min (IQR 51–84) vs 56 min (IQR 42–73), respectively, p<0.0001). EMTs assisted delivery in 44 women, delivering the placenta in 33/44 (75%), performing transabdominal uterine massage in 29/33 (87.9%) and administering oxytocin in none (0%). There were 1411 recorded deliveries. Most women delivered at a hospital (1212/1411 (85.9%)), however 126/1411 (8.9%) delivered at home following hospital discharge. Follow-up rates at 48 hours, 7 days and 42 days were 95.0%, 94.4% and 94.1%, respectively. Four women died, all within 48 hours. The caesarean section rate was 8.2% (116/1411). On multivariate regression analysis, women transported to private hospitals versus government primary health centres were less likely to deliver by caesarean section (OR 0.14 (0.05–0.43)) Conclusions Pregnant women from vulnerable Indian populations use free-of-charge EMS for impending delivery, making it integral to the healthcare system. Future research and health system planning should focus on strengthening and expanding EMS as a component of emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC).
Traceability of Flow Information: Reconciling Compiler Optimizations and WCET Estimation

Real-time systems have become ubiquitous. For this class of systems, correctness implies not only producing the correct result, but also doing so within specified timing constraints. Designers are required to obtain the worst-case execution time (WCET) of their systems to guarantee that all applications meet their time constraints. Many WCET estimation methods have been proposed. They operate through static code analysis, measurements, or a combination of both. Such methods give an upper bound of the time required to execute a given task on a given hardware platform. To be useful, WCET estimates have to be as tight as possible. Information on possible flows of control (the so-called flow information) improves the tightness of WCET estimates. Flow information, should it be produced automatically or be inserted manually from annotations, is typically inserted at source code level. On the other hand, WCET analysis is performed at machine code level. Between these two levels, compiler optimizations may have a dramatic effect on the structure of the code, resulting in a loss of useful information. For this reason, many WCET tools for real-time systems turn off compiler optimizations when computing WCET. In this paper, we propose a framework to trace and maintain flow information from source code to machine code to benefit from optimizations, yet improving the WCET estimates. Our implementation in the LLVM compiler shows that we can improve the WCET of Mälardalen benchmarks by 60% in average, and up to 86%. We also provide new insight on the impact of existing optimizations on the WCET.
Stability of a retrial queueing network with different classes of customers and restricted resource pooling

We consider a retrial queueing network with different classes of customers and several servers. Each customer class is associated with a set of servers who can serve the class of customers. Customers of each class exogenously arrive according to a Poisson process. If an exogenously arriving customer finds upon his arrival any idle server who can serve the customer class, then he begins to receive a service by one of the available servers. Otherwise he joins the retrial group, and then tries his luck again after exponential time, the mean of which is determined by his customer class. Service times of each server are assumed to have general distribution. The retrial queueing network can be represented by a Markov process, with the number of customers of each class, and the customer class and the remaining service time of each busy server. Using the fluid limit technique, we find a necessary and sufficient condition for the positive Harris recurrence of the representing Markov process. This work is the first that applies the fluid limit technique to a model with retrial phenomenon.
The Influence Of Counselor Education Programs On Counselor Wellness

Counselor education programs strive to promote the personal development and wellness of counselors in addition to cognitive, skill, and professional competencies. The purpose of this study was to examine trends in self-reported levels of wellness of master’s level counseling students. The cross-sectional study investigated the influence of time in a counselor education program on the wellness levels of counseling students. Students were surveyed at three points in their counselor education training: the beginning, middle, and end. Participants included 204 master’s level counseling students enrolled in three CACREP-accredited counselor education programs located in the southeastern United States. Each participant completed the Five Factor Wellness Inventory (5F-Wel) and a demographic questionnaire. A monotonic trend analysis was conducted in SPSS Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) to answer the question of whether master’s level counseling students report higher levels of wellness as they advance through a counseling program. Additional univariate analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were performed in order to answer questions related to the influence of demographic variables. Results of the study yielded no significant trends in self-reported levels of wellness by students as they progressed through their counselor training. Furthermore, gender, cultural background, and a requirement for personal counseling were not significant in accounting for differences in the wellness levels of students. However, those students who reported that their counselor education program offered a wellness course reported statistically significant higher levels of wellness. Responses to an open ended question on the demographic questionnaire, ‘What, if anything, have you learned in your counseling coursework that has helped you develop knowledge and skills regarding your personal wellness? ” were included in the discussion to provide insight into the results of the study. The findings suggested that, while counselor education programs may not increase levels of wellness in students, evidence from the demographic questionnaire indicated that personal development and wellness were emphasized.
How the Study of Religion and Culture Informs Genetics and Vice Versa

In some places, cultural and religious practices may be considered distinct parts of life that individuals can choose according to personal preferences. In others, the boundary between culture and religion may be blurred in such a way that being a part of a culture may necessarily include affiliating with a certain religion. Yet what seems shared in many places is the idea that culture and religion are part of the learned environment. Just as a child may learn that fireworks signal the start of the new year, she may also learn that prayer can send messages to a being she cannot see. While laypeople may generally agree that the study of culture and the study of religion have some common ground, when they are asked whether culture and religion have anything to do with genes the answer is likely to be “no.” As part of the environment, culture and religion are perceived to be socially transmitted and subject to change. Genes, on the other hand, are rooted in the biological makeup of an individual, and are perceived to be fixed and unmalleable. These two sources of influence are thought to be incompatible with each other, reflecting a larger assumption that nature is incompatible with nurture. Although long-accumulating scientific evidence suggests that behavior is shaped by both nature and nurture, the idea that culture and religion are separate and independent from genes is still deeply rooted in lay beliefs about the origins of human behavior. These lay beliefs also parallel common practices in academic communities. How culture and religion influence human behavior has long been studied within the social science disciplines of anthropology, sociology, and psychology, and have remained relatively independent of the field of genetics. Perhaps there is an underlying assumption that the field of
The Application of EKF and UKF to the SINS/GPS Integrated Navigation Systems

The extended Kalman filter (EKF) has been used widely in Global Position System (GPS) and Strapdown Inertial Navigation Systems (SINS) integrated navigation systems,which simply linearizes all nonlinear models.However,careful treatment of the nonlinearity of the system models is particularly critical when the integrated systems use low cost micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) inertial sensors.Hence application of the EKF in MEMS inertial sensor-based integrated navigation systems will likely lead to inaccurate results.To overcome the shortcomings of the EKF,the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) has been proposed.The UKF does not require the linearization of the system models. Alternatively it uses a set of deterministically selected "sigma-points",which completely capture the true mean and covariance of the original random vector.Then these sigma-points are propagated through the nonlinear models.This captures the mean and covariance to second order accuracy for arbitrary nonlinear functions.In this paper the EKF and UKF are applied in GPS/SINS integrated systems respectively. Simulation result demonstrates that the performance of the UKF is better than the EKF in MEMS inertial sensor-based SINS/GPS integrated systems.
Inapproximability of NP-Complete Variants of Nash Equilibrium

In recent work of Hazan and Krauthgamer (SICOMP 2011), it was shown that finding an e-approximate Nash equilibrium with nearoptimal value in a two-player game is as hard as finding a hidden clique of size O(log n) in the random graph G(n, 1/2). This raises the question of whether a similar intractability holds for approximate Nash equilibrium without such constraints. We give evidence that the constraint of near-optimal value makes the problem distinctly harder: a simple algorithm finds an optimal 1/2 -approximate equilibrium, while finding strictly better than 1/2 -approximate equilibria is as hard as the Hidden Clique problem. This is in contrast to the unconstrained problem where more sophisticated algorithms, achieving better approximations, are known. Unlike general Nash equilibrium, which is in PPAD, optimal (maximum value) Nash equilibrium is NP-hard. We proceed to show that optimal Nash equilibrium is just one of several known NP-hard problems related to Nash equilibrium, all of which have approximate variants which are as hard as finding a planted clique. In particular, we show this for approximate variants of the following problems: finding a Nash equilibrium with value greater than η (for any η > 0, even when the best Nash equilibrium has value 1 - η), finding a second Nash equilibrium, and finding a Nash equilibrium with small support. Finally, we consider the complexity of approximate pure Bayes Nash equilibria in two-player games. Here we show that for general Bayesian games the problem is NP-hard. For the special case where the distribution over types is uniform, we give a quasi-polynomial time algorithm matched by a hardness result based on the Hidden Clique problem.