Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preservation of Agricultural Lands Through Land Use Planning Tools and Techniques

Productive agricultural lands are an irreplaceable natural resource. Nonetheless, as urban populations increase and spill over the edges of the urban boundary, communities are relinquishing farmland to low-density development without regard to preserving these vital lands. While the growth of cities is essential to their economic health, that growth does not have to be at a premium cost to rural areas. The agricultural industry is vital to the United States economically, environmentally, and socially, so local planners and community members must make agricultural preservation part of long-term planning goals. There is no doubt that the realities of agriculture are changing, as small farmers find that agricultural production is no longer viable, as the popularity of organic farming and specialty crops increases, and as globalization raises phyto-sanitary and economic issues. As such, realistic, long-term planning goals that take the benefits and drawbacks of agriculture into account are vital. Land use planning is one tool that can be paired with other strategies to help save vital agricultural lands, so that the benefits of farming can be realized in our communities for the future.
Comparative studies on growth and remediation of waste water by two cyanobacterial biofertilizers.

Summary Nitrogen fi xing cyanobacteria are ecologically signifi cant inputs in improving the plant productivity in tropical countries like India. Large scale cultivation of these organisms using inorganic media is relatively expensive. In the present study utilization of kitchen waste water emerged from a pilgrim centre as a source of nutrients and its remediation was compared using two blue green algal cultures viz. Anabeana variabilis and Nostoc muscorum. A complete randomized design was created for the experiment that was performed on BG-11, 100% and 75% KW (Kitchen Water) media. Th e physicochemical properties of waste water were analyzed before and aft er cultivation. It was found that the N. muscorum was more eff ective in removal of phosphorous and nitrogen contaminants from waste water to meet the standards of safe discharge besides producing more biomass compared to A.
Designing Indexed Units of Account

An indexed unit of account is a unit of measurement defined using an index such as a consumer price index so that prices defined in terms of these units will automatically adjust to changing economic conditions. Evidence on sticky prices and money illusion, and evidence from countries (notably Chile) that have created indexed units of account, suggests that creating such units is an important policy option for governments in countries with unstable price levels. A model is given that shows the dynamics of money prices when prices are expressed in the units. Results from the model suggest some design elements for an indexed unit of account: institutions to promote broad use of the unit for pricing, and a formal policy to increase the frequency of index computation when the price level becomes more volatile.
Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Antifungal Potential of an Extract From the Leaves of Guapira Graciliflora Mart. Against Oral Microorganisms of Dental Interest

Objective: To perform an in vitro analysis of antibacterial and antifungal potential of an alcoholic extract from the leaves of Guapira Graciliflora Mart. against oral microorganisms and determine its chemical composition. Material and Methods: A hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves form G. graciliflora was obtained through maceration, vacuum concentration and freeze-drying. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus salivarius , Streptococcus oralis , Streptococcus parasanguinis , Streptococcus mitis and strains of Candida albicans using broth microdilution method. Phytochemical analysis determined the total phenolic compounds, protein concentration and total of sugars present in the extract . Results: G. Graciliflora demonstrated antifungal activity against the LM 11 and LM 410 clinical isolates of C. albicans (MIC 0.5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL, respectively). The other microorganisms tested were resistant to the extract. The phytochemical analysis revealed 3% proteins, 13% total sugars and 17% phenolic compounds . Conclusion: G. Graciliflora has antifungal activity against clinical strains of C. albicans and exhibits proteins, sugars and phenolic compounds in its chemical composition.
Toxicity in Twitch Live Stream Chats: Towards Understanding the Impact of Gender, Size of Community and Game Genre

Twitch is a leading global live-streaming platform primarily focused on gaming content. However, it is evolving significantly beyond gaming, making it increasingly relevant as a social media and communication platform. Through its chat feature, thousands of streamers interact with their followers in real time. Thereby, the viewers interact with each other or the streamer through a chat. Also here, addressing toxicity and negative posts in the chat, a common challenge on social media platforms, is crucial. Twitch’s fast-growing user base creates a potential breeding ground for toxic and hateful behavior. In this first study, we examine Twitch chats to better understand potential toxic behavior. By selecting a diverse group of streamers based on followers, streaming content, and gender, we offer insights into this under-represented research topic and propose ideas for preventing toxicity in live chats.
Voronoi conjecture for five-dimensional parallelohedra

We prove the Voronoi conjecture for five-dimensional parallelohedra. Namely, we show that if a convex five-dimensional polytope $P$ tiles $\mathbb{R}^5$ with translations, then $P$ is an affine image of the Dirichlet-Voronoi cell for a five-dimensional lattice.
Graft Versus Host Disease: Beyond Classical HLA Matching - A Shift in Paradigm

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), where immune response leads to injury and death of host’s healthy cells, remains one of the major complications after HSCT. Hence, prevention of GVHD is an important avenue for better outcomes of HSCT patients. Most often, GVHD develops due to mismatched histocompatibility antigens between donors and recipients. Despite the full matching of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1 loci using sequence based typing, GVHD still occurs. In this review, we focus on HLA-DP, C4 genes of MHC Class III region, and non-classical HLA genes in the development of GVHD. In addition, we discuss the role of minor histocompatibility antigens (mHA) as potential markers for occurrence of GVHD, as well as possible B cell involvement. Based on literature search and our single center HLA-DP and C4 matching studies, we postulate that HLA-DP, C4, non-classical HLA, and mHA are of potential significance in determining HSCT outcomes and can be breakthrough research area for the future. Unlike the current paradigm of T cells, mismatched HLA and mHA as the only players in the development of GVHD, the proposed shift in the paradigm is that several other factors like non-classical HLA, MHC Class III region, HLA allele-specific and non-HLA antibodies are potentially contributing towards GVHD in the presumed HLA matched recipient/donor pairs. The development and implementation of new technologies such as next generation sequencing (NGS) in clinical setting are making it feasible to have a deeper understanding of the contribution of these additional MHC loci and mHA in GVHD.
Changes in chemical properties and temperature during the degradation of organic wastes subjected to simple composting protocols suitable for small-scale farming, and quality of the mature compost

Despite the high cost of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, composting is not widely practiced in many rural communities in South Africa. To demonstrate the simplicity and benefit of composting, four composting protocols were selected, based on technology and resources available to rural households and small-scale farmers, and their effect on the degrading material and on the quality and yield of the resulting compost was investigated. The protocols varied in raw material choice (garden refuse with and without market refuse) and turning frequency (6×, 0×). Changes in chemical properties during composting were in accordance with those generally observed and were alternately affected by raw material and turning frequency. The highest temperature measured in compost made from market and garden refuse was 69°C whereas in compost made purely from garden refuse the highest temperature was 53°C. Turned compost heaps yielded the highest volumes of mature compost. All composting protocols produced composts with C/N ratios and pH values suitable for horticultural use. Nutrient concentrations were in the range generally exhibited by composts. The incorporation of market refuse and the turning were conducive to the production of a nutrient-rich compost. However, turning also significantly increased the electrical conductivity of the composts and application rates should be reduced accordingly when turned compost is used for crops with a low resistance to osmotic stress.
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Substantial evidence has shown that ongoing neural activity significantly contributes to how the brain responds to upcoming stimuli. In visual perception, a considerable portion of trial-to-trial variability can be accounted for by prestimulus magneto/electroencephalographic (M/EEG) alpha oscillations, which play an inhibitory function by means of cross-frequency interactions with gamma-band oscillations. Despite the fundamental theories on the role of oscillations in perception and cognition, the current literature lacks a clear theorization of the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of prestimulus activity, including electrophysiological phenomena at different scales (e.g., local field potentials and macro-scale M/EEG). Here, we present a model called the oscillation-based probability of response (OPR), which directly assesses the link between meso-scale neural mechanisms, macro-scale M/EEG, and behavioural outcome. The OPR includes distinct meso-scale mechanisms through which alpha oscillations modulate M/EEG gamma activity, namely, by decreasing a) the amplitude and/or b) neural synchronization of gamma oscillations. Crucially, the OPR makes specific predictions on the effects of these mechanisms on visual perception, as assessed through the psychometric function. significance statement: The oscillation-based probability of response (OPR) is grounded on a psychophysical approach focusing on the psychometric function estimation and may be highly informative in the study of ongoing brain activity, because it provides a tool for distinguishing different neural mechanisms of alpha-driven modulation of sensory processing.
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Validation Crisis in Animal Models of Drug Addiction: beyond Non-disordered Drug Use toward Drug Addiction

In standard drug self-administration settings, animals have no choice than drug use. As a result, serious doubt exists about the interpretation of drug use in experimental animals. Is it symptomatic of an underlying addiction state or merely an expectable response to lack of choice? This incertitude in turn casts a shadow over many behavioral and neurobiological changes that have been well documented in animals following extended drug self-administration. Do they reflect pathological dysfunctions or normal neurobiological adaptations? Here I address these questions by focusing on intravenous cocaine self-administration in the rat as a paradigm example. Overall, available evidence shows that when a valuable behavioral option, even a biologically or physiologically inessential one, is made available during access to cocaine self-administration, most rats readily abstain from cocaine use in favor of the alternative reward regardless of the amount of past cocaine use. Only a small minority of rats continue to self-administer the drug despite the opportunity of making a different choice. This pattern of results (i.e., abstinence in most rats; cocaine preference in few rats) maps well onto what is currently known about the epidemiology of human cocaine addiction. It is thus possible that the minority of cocaine-preferring rats would be homologous to the minority of human cocaine users with a diagnosis of addiction while the remaining majority of abstinent rats would be resilient to cocaine addiction. Choice could represent an objective method of selection of addicted animals for future research on the neurobiological dysfunctions that are hypothesized to underlie cocaine addiction. Other competing interpretations of the same pattern of results are also discussed at the end of this review.
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Review Implicit and Explicit Categorization: a Tale of Four Species

Categorization is essential for survival, and it is a widely studied cognitive adaptation in humans and animals. An influential neuroscience perspective differentiates in humans an explicit, rule-based catego-rization system from an implicit system that slowly associates response outputs to different regions of perceptual space. This perspective is being extended to study categorization in other vertebrate species, using category tasks that have a one-dimensional, rule-based solution or a two-dimensional, information-integration solution. Humans, macaques, and capuchin monkeys strongly dimensionalize perceptual stimuli and learn rule-based tasks more quickly. In sharp contrast, pigeons learn these two tasks equally quickly. Pigeons represent a cognitive system in which the commitment to dimensional analysis and category rules was not strongly made. Their results may reveal the character of the ancestral vertebrate categorization system from which that of primates emerged. The primate results establish continuity with human cognition, suggesting that nonhuman primates share aspects of humans' capacity for explicit cog-nition. The emergence of dimensional analysis and rule learning could have been an important step in primates' cognitive evolution.
Automatic Detection and Classification of Modic Changes in MRI Images Using Deep Learning: Intelligent Assisted Diagnosis System

Modic changes (MCs) are the most prevalent classification system for describing intravertebral MRI signal intensity changes. However, interpreting these intricate MRI images is a complex and time‐consuming process. This study investigates the performance of single shot multibox detector (SSD) and ResNet18 network‐based automatic detection and classification of MCs. Additionally, it compares the inter‐observer agreement and observer‐classifier agreement in MCs diagnosis to validate the feasibility of deep learning network‐assisted detection of classified MCs.
SiCILIA: a smart sensor system for clothing insulation inference using heat exchange

We present SiCILIA, a hardware platform that extracts physical and personal variables of an individual's thermal environment to infer the amount of clothing insulation and thermal sensation without human intervention. The proposed inference algorithms build upon theories of body heat transfer, and are corroborated by empirical data. Experimental results show the algorithm is capable of accurately predicting an occupant's thermal insulation with a confidence interval of approximately ±0.3 and a mean prediction error of 0.2.
Report : Middle East Medical Journals and Middle East Academic Survey 2011

Introduction: Since human resources are the most important element in any organization and success or failure of any organization is dependent on having efficient human resources, all organizations must continually seek ways to develop their own manpower. Awareness of the current human resources situation through the process of diagnosis is the first step in this endeavour. Objective: This study aims to identify the main human resources problems through a diagnostic survey at staff departments of Kerman University of medical sciences. Methods: The present descriptiveanalytical study was carried out cross sectionally. The research population consisted of all employees working in staff departments of Kerman medical university deputies, of whom 159 participated in this study. Data was collected by a questionnaire. Data analysis was done through SPSS software using Friedman test, Chisquare and T-test. Results: Behavioral (mean = 2.33) and contextual factors (mean= 3.24) had respectively the highest and the lowest impact on human resources malfunction in Kerman University of medical sciences. Among subsets of behavioral factors, motivation and job satisfaction (mean = 2.27) and customerorientation (mean= 1.77) had the highest and the lowest impact on human resources malfunction in all three dimensions respectively. Conclusion: Dissatisfaction with the salary system, performance evaluation and promotion and appointment system are the biggest problems of human resources in Kerman University of Medical Sciences. These problems are not confined to Kerman University of Medical Sciences and in regard to the fact that they are structural factors, solving these problems are beyond the authorities of executives. Therefore, the Presidential deputy of human capital should provide fundamental changes in public organizations payment systems and performance evaluation to increase employees’ motivation.
Final Project Report

Essentially, the entropy is an average of how surprising a particular value of X is based on the distribution p(x). [1] However, the entropy of systems where p(x) is unknown is more difficult to calculate. In such cases, it has been shown that if one divides a 1D dataset xii=1.n into two segments, a sample of length N and a dictionary of length M , and starting from random positions find the longest subsegments in the sample which match subsegments in the dictionary. We call this algorithm the pattern-matching (PM) algorithm. Eventually, taking the average length of each of these segments ⟨l⟩, the entropy can be calculated with the following equation:
International Journal of Current Science Research and Review

Composite nanofibers are suitable candidates for applications in biomedical engineering. The relationship and the balance between the structural-volumetric characteristics and the mechanical behavior of the nanofibrous composites have been proved but, in this study, we studied the pattern of such relationships between random and aligned nanofibrous composites made up of PLGA and fibrin. After evaluating the fibers' morphology and the mats' porosity, the relationship between these two features and the tensile strength of the mats was investigated. All mats exhibited relatively homogeneous fibers with higher fiber diameters for random fibers than the oriented ones (0.23 to 1.65 μm and 0.34 to 0.58 μm, respectively) and the diameter of the fibers decreased by fibrin percentage. The porosity proportions of the mats were in the range of 78.4% to 81.4% and random mats depicted higher porosity and interconnected pores. The mechanical features of the mats were compatible with natural tissues and the mechanical characteristics of the aligned mats were higher. In aligned mats, fibrin decreased the diameter of the fibers and the porosity proportion, limited the fiber’s thickness distribution, and increased the interconnectivity of the pores and all these factors led to lowering the tensile strength and the stiffness of the aligned mats. On the other hand, the porosity features of the random mats did not significantly change by fibrin, but fibrin lowered the diameter of the fibers and limited the fiber’s thickness distribution, and these two factors decreased the tensile strength and stiffness of the random mats.
Magma Storage Region Processes Inferred from Geochemistry of Fe–Ti Oxides in Andesitic Magma, Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, W.I.

Analyses of Fe‐Ti oxides help constrain models of magma storage region processes for the Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat (W.I.), and provide clear evidence of the nature of transient heating events in the magma storage region. To constrain timescales of magma heating and remobilization, the TiO2 zoning patterns in a time series of natural titanomagnetites were compared with those produced in controlled phase equilibrium experiments on the andesite. Most samples of andesite erupted from 1995 to 2002 contain titanomagnetite crystals with uniform core compositions (TiO278 wt %). Many crystals are characterized by rimward increases in TiO2, interpreted to be Ti diffusion gradients caused by heating of the andesite by invading basaltic magma. Some andesites erupted during periods of the highest observed mass eruption rate, however, contain titanomagnetite with uniformly low TiO2 contents from core to rim. The observation that no Ti diffusion gradients, and no elevated core TiO2 contents, occur in the vast majority of titanomagnetite grains in magma batches that were erupted more than 2 years after the onset of the present eruption strongly suggests, first, that heating of the batches of andesite occurred just before eruption, and, second, that injection of basaltic magma has continued throughout the eruption. Heat, but little mass, may be transferred from the invading basalt to the andesite in the magma storage region by injection of dikes or formation of sills. Ponding of basaltic magma at the base of a pre-existing andesitic magma storage region is the simplest explanation consistent with observations. The Fe‐Ti oxide data strongly suggest that an internal conduit within the andesitic magma storage region carries magma from the zone of heating to the overlying conduit, which carries the magma through the upper arc crust. In this model, the magma chamber is being emptied from the bottom, at the contact between pre-existing andesite and newly intruded basalt.
A Software-Defined Approach for Mitigating Insider and External Threats via Moving Target Defense

In cyberspace conflicts, defenders face a significant disadvantage. A single mistake in a defense strategy could irreparably compromise a network infrastructure, while attackers can persistently search for vulnerabilities to exploit. Moreover, adversaries can learn from their errors and refine their methods for subsequent attempts. To bridge this gap, deception techniques such as Active Deception (AD) and Moving Target Defense (MTD) have been introduced as an additional layer of defense to enhance traditional cyber-defense strategies. These techniques aim to deceive attackers, detect their activities, and gather intelligence on their attack methodologies. Existing literature focuses on mitigating specific adversarial strategies, such as scanning or service exploitation, rather than providing a comprehensive defense mechanism against diverse threats from both internal and external sources. To tackle this challenge, our approach leverages the combined capabilities of MTD and honeypots to bolster the security of an enterprise network and gain valuable insights into the attacker's behavior. The system accurately detects the attacker's scanning and exploitation activities, redirecting all their connections towards a Honeynet for further analysis and protection of critical assets. Additionally, proactive and reactive port hopping techniques are strategically employed to confuse and mislead the attacker. Through the implementation of these techniques, our goal is to fortify network defenses, increase the complexity faced by potential attackers, and acquire valuable knowledge about their tactics.