Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drag and lift forces on bubbles in a rotating flow

The motion of small air bubbles in a horizontal solid-body rotating flow is investigated experimentally. Bubbles with a typical radius of 1 mm are released in a liquid-filled horizontally rotating cylinder. We measure the transient motion of the bubbles in solid-body rotation and their final equilibrium position from which we compute drag and lift coefficients for a wide range of dimensionless shear rates 0.1<Sr<2 (Sr is the velocity difference over one bubble diameter divided by the slip velocity of the bubble) and Reynolds numbers 0.01<Re<500 (Re is based on the slip velocity and bubble diameter). For large Sr, we find that the drag force is increased by the shear rate. The lift force shows strong dependence on viscous effects. In particular, for Re<5, we measure negative lift forces, in line with theoretical predictions.
DOWNWIND PROPAGATION OF SOUND IN AN ATMOSPHERE WITH A REALISTIC SOUND-SPEED PROFILE : A SEMIANALYTICAL RAY MODEL

A ray model is presented for downwind propagation of sound in a layered atmosphere, with a logarithmic or a power profile of the sound speed. The model employs a new method to compute ray paths, which takes advantage of the fact that ray paths are ordered in groups of four. The paths are obtained from an iterative solution of an integral equation. This solution requires a very small computation time, compared with computation times of numerical ray models and wave models. Ground reflections are taken into account by either the plane wave reflection coefficient or the spherical wave reflection coefficient (a pseudoreflection coefficient for a point source above a ground surface). At high frequency both coefficients yield good agreement with numerical solutions of the Helmholtz equation. An empirical reflection coefficient is introduced to obtain good agreement at low frequency. The ray model is used to compute effects of atmospheric turbulence on the received sound spectrum. It is found that these effects .
Two Efficient Approximate Unsigned Multipliers by Developing New Configuration for Approximate 4:2 Compressors

Approximate computing is a promising approach for reducing power consumption and design complexity in applications that accuracy is not a crucial factor. Approximate multipliers are commonly used in error-tolerant applications. This paper presents three approximate 4:2 compressors and two approximate multiplier designs, aiming at reducing the area and power consumption, while maintaining acceptable accuracy. The paper seeks to develop approximate compressors that align positive and negative approximations for input patterns that have the same probability. Additionally, the proposed compressors are utilized to construct approximate multipliers for different columns of partial products based on the input probabilities of the two compressors in adjacent columns. The proposed approximate multipliers are synthesized using the 28nm technology. Compared to the exact multiplier, the first proposed multiplier improves power $\times $ delay and area $\times $ power by 91% and 86%, respectively, while the second proposed multiplier improves the two parameters by 90% and 84%, respectively. The performance of the proposed approximate methods was assessed and compared with the existing methods for image multiplication, sharpening, smoothing and edge detection. Also, the performance of the proposed multipliers in the hardware implementation of the neural network was investigated, and the simulation results indicate that the proposed multipliers have appropriate accuracy in these applications.
Perception of extreme hot weather and the corresponding adaptations among older adults and service providers–A qualitative study in Hong Kong

Background Extreme hot weather events are happening with increasing frequency, intensity and duration in Hong Kong. Heat stress is related to higher risk of mortality and morbidity, with older adults being particularly vulnerable. It is not clear whether and how the older adults perceive the increasingly hot weather as a health threat, and whether community service providers are aware and prepared for such future climate scenario. Methods We conducted semi-structure interviews with 46 older adults, 18 staff members of community service providers and two district councilors of Tai Po, a north-eastern residential district of Hong Kong. Transcribed data were analyzed using thematic analysis until data saturation was reached. Results It was agreed upon among the older adult participants that the weather in recent years has become increasingly hot and this led to some health and social problems for them, although some participants perceived that hot weather did not have any impact in their daily lives and they were not vulnerable. The community service providers and district councilors reported that there is a lack of relevant services in the community to support the older adults in hot weather; and there is generally a lack of public education regarding the heat-health issue. Conclusions Heatwaves are affecting older adults' health in Hong Kong. Yet, discussions and education effort regarding the heat-health issue in the public domain remain scarce. Multilateral efforts are urgently needed to co-create a heat action plan to improve community awareness and resilience.
Adaptive platoon finite-time control for marine surface vehicles with connectivity preservation and collision avoidance

This paper addresses finite-time platoon formation control scheme for vessel train problem subject to modeling uncertainties and external disturbances. The line-of-sight range and angle constraints are proposed to satisfy the collision avoidance and connectivity maintenance. Barrier Lyapunov function is introduced in the kinematic design such that each vehicle follows its leader within the required distance. To compensate for the uncertain model dynamics, the adaptive scheme is incorporated into the decentralized design to estimate nonlinear functions. Furthermore, a disturbance observer is developed to handle time-varying external disturbances. All closed-loop states are guaranteed bounded by Lyapunov theory, and the errors can be regulated to the small neighborhood around zero in finite time. Finally, simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach with a group of marine surface vessels.
An Image Post-Processing Approach Based on Fully Dense U-Net for Microwave Induced Thermo-Acoustic Tomography

In microwave induced thermo-acoustic tomography (TAT), circular scanning sensor array is the general signal acquiring mode. For higher sensitivity, large aperture detectors are widely preferred in the real TAT imaging system. However, large aperture of detector usually results in the limited spatial sampling points. Meanwhile, for considering the safety and comfort, the microwave radiation power is also limited. Due to these limitations, the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of TA signals may not be ideal to reconstruct an image with satisfactory quality. In addition, the TA image often suffers the artifacts resulted by sparsely sampling data. Herein, we propose a deep learning-based scheme to process the TA images which are reconstructed with time reversal (TR) method. Since the obvious artifacts removing performance in photoacoustic tomography (PAT), fully dense U-Net (FD U-Net) is employed to be the base deep learning architecture. Due to the amount limitation of real experimental TA data, the network is mainly trained by synthetic data which are generated in TAT simulating scheme. Furthermore, in order to ensuring the trained network could correctly detect the targets in the TA image, we propose a scheme termed data augmentation FD U-Net (DAFD U-Net) in which a few experimental TA images are added to the training procedure and perform data augmentation.The performance of DAFD U-Net is verified by an experimental image. Results show that the proposed scheme could significantly improve the quality of TAT image.
A Simplified Moving Finite Difference Scheme: Application to Dense Gas Dispersion

A simplified moving grid scheme has been developed and applied to a system of six partial differential equations (PDEs) that describe the dispersion of a cloud of cold, dense gas resulting from a spill of liquefied natural gas (LNG). The grid velocity at each point is determined by the physics represented by the governing PDEs. By a minimization process, a grid velocity is found that transforms the PDEs into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in the least-squares sense. At a shock, the grid velocity is automatically the shock velocity given by the Rankine–Hugoniot relations.The ill-posed problems associated with moving grids are handled by three regularization schemes. No constraints are placed upon gradients. In the event of a zero gradient, a special matrix regularization is applied. Likewise, no constraints were placed on the grid velocity. Problems of grid tangling and/or violation of minimum point separation were handled by a second regularization scheme. A third regularization is also.
UFL1, a UFMylation E3 ligase, plays a crucial role in multiple cellular stress responses

The UFM1 conjugation system(UFMylation)is a novel type of ubiquitin-like system that plays an indispensable role in maintaining cell homeostasis under various cellular stress. Similar to ubiquitination, UFMylation consists of a three-step enzymatic reaction with E1-like enzymes ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme5 (UBA5), E2-like enzymes ubiquitin-fold modifier-conjugating enzyme 1(UFC1), and E3-like ligase UFM1-specific ligase 1 (UFL1). As the only identified E3 ligase, UFL1 is responsible for specific binding and modification of the substrates to mediate numerous hormone signaling pathways and endocrine regulation under different physiological or pathological stress, such as ER stress, genotoxic stress, oncogenic stress, and inflammation. Further elucidation of the UFL1 working mechanism in multiple cellular stress responses is essential for revealing the disease pathogenesis and providing novel potential therapeutic targets. In this short review, we summarize the recent advances in novel UFL1 functions and shed light on the potential challenges ahead, thus hopefully providing a better understanding of UFMylation-mediated cellular stress.
Spatially resolved scanning tunneling luminescence on self-assembled InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots

Scanning-tunneling microscope induced luminescence at low temperature has been used to study the carrier injection into single self-assembled InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots. Electrons are injected from the tip into the dots, which are located in the intrinsic region of a p-i-n junction, and contain excess holes under typical operational conditions. Only a fraction (∼4%) of the dots is found to be optically active under local electrical excitation. Spatial dependent measurements indicate a highly nonhomogeneous electron diffusion towards the dots. By analyzing the spatial dependence of individual peaks in the measured spectra, the contributions of individual dots to the total, multidot spectrum can be disentangled.
Higher-order Einstein relations for nonlinear charge transport

Nonlinear terms in relations for current densities are treated macroscopically, semimicroscopically and microscopically. In the macroscopic treatment, terms in phi 2, E2, (grad n)2,(del)2n, and E.grad n are included, where phi is the electrostatic potential, n is the carrier concentration and E is the electric field. The power series expansion of the current density is valid for equilibrium and yields conductivity-diffusion type Einstein relations. In the semimicroscopic approach, a perturbation theory for the density matrix is used, and Einstein relations are then derived by equating the average of the current density operator to zero. In the microscopic approach a Kubo formalism is developed, based on a local nonequilibrium distribution function due to Mori (1958). This leads to Einstein relations via correlation functions and Liouville's equation. A set of such relations which emerge consistently from such a treatment is given.
Risk-Sensitive Markov Decision Processes

This paper considers the maximization of certain equivalent reward generated by a Markov decision process with constant risk sensitivity. First, value iteration is used to optimize possibly time-varying processes of finite duration. Then a policy iteration procedure is developed to find the stationary policy with highest certain equivalent gain for the infinite duration case. A simple example demonstrates both procedures.
Locally adaptive conductance in geometry-driven-diffusion filtering of magnetic resonance tomograms

A novel methodology for locally adapting the exponential conductance in geometry-driven diffusion (GDD) is proposed which employs pixel dissimilarity measures. Two alternative approaches are developed; both are based on a transient interval, within which the relaxation parameter K is selected. In the first case, the limits of the interval are derived from global quantiles of the intensity gradients; in the second case, they are derived from the optimal variable parameter K/sub 0pt/, calculated from a specific cost function. This function is designed using intensity gradient histograms of region interiors and boundaries in an appropriate image template of an MR brain tomogram. As a local measure, the mean direction dissimilarity has been used. Computer experiments with the locally adaptive geometry-driven diffusion filtering of an MR-head phantom have been performed and quantitatively evaluated. They include, as a reference, two other GDD filtering methods.
Ultra-Compact HII Regions and Massive Star Formation

▪ Abstract This review discusses three main topics: evolution to the ultra-compact (UC) state; the properties of UC HII regions and their environments; and UC HII regions as probes of Galactic structure. The evolution to UC HII regions begins in giant molecular clouds that provide the natal material for prestellar cores that evolve into hot cores, the precursors of UC HII regions. The properties of each evolutionary phase are reviewed, with particular emphasis on those of hot cores. The observed properties of UC HII regions and their environments are summarized with emphasis on the physical processes that may produce the observed properties. The final section summarizes the use of UC HII regions as probes of Galactic structure: in particular, the Galactic population and distribution of newly formed massive stars, the location of spiral arms, and the average galactocentric temperature and abundance gradients.
Atmospheric Water Vapor and Surface Flow Patterns over the Tropical Americas during May–August 1979

Abstract Some meteorological features have been examined as part of a more extensive study on general circulation in the eastern Pacific and Central American region. The analysis is based on twice-daily data from May to August 1979. Different FGGE data sets (Level III-b, TIROS-N) were used to obtain fields of precipitable water (PW), 1000 mb wind, and surface water vapor fluxes. The results concerning precipitable water and wind are presented as monthly mean fields. The time and spatial evolution of three layers of PW (surface to 700 mb, 700–500 mb and 500–300 mb) show the synoptic characteristics prevailing during this period. The fields of PW reveal fluctuations that are associated with the number and trajectories of tropical perturbations observed over the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The time series of the 1000 mb water vapor flux for latitudinal and longitudinal segments around Mexico and the eastern equatorial Pacific 0cean were determined. The strongest horizontal mean flux takes place over the Gul.
Salinity-Induced Cytosolic Alkaline Shifts in Arabidopsis Roots Require the SOS Pathway

Plants have evolved elaborate mechanisms to sense, respond to and overcome the detrimental effects of high soil salinity. The role of calcium transients in salinity stress signaling is well established, but the physiological significance of concurrent salinity-induced changes in cytosolic pH remains largely undefined. Here, we analyzed the response of Arabidopsis roots expressing the genetically encoded ratiometric pH-sensor pHGFP fused to marker proteins for the recruitment of the sensor to the cytosolic side of the tonoplast (pHGFP-VTI11) and the plasma membrane (pHGFP-LTI6b). Salinity elicited a rapid alkalinization of cytosolic pH (pHcyt) in the meristematic and elongation zone of wild-type roots. The pH-shift near the plasma membrane preceded that at the tonoplast. In pH-maps transversal to the root axis, the epidermis and cortex had cells with a more alkaline pHcyt relative to cells in the stele in control conditions. Conversely, seedlings treated with 100 mM NaCl exhibited an increased pHcyt in cells of the vasculature relative to the external layers of the root, and this response occurred in both reporter lines. These pHcyt changes were substantially reduced in mutant roots lacking a functional SOS3/CBL4 protein, suggesting that the operation of the SOS pathway mediated the dynamics of pHcyt in response to salinity.
User'S guide To Lipsol linear-programming interior point solvers V0.4

LIPSOL stands for Linear programming Interior-Point SOLvers. It is a free, Matlab-based software package for solving linear programs by interior-Point methods. It requires Matlab version 4.0 or later to run. The current release of LIPSOL is for 32-bit UNIX platforms. LIPSOL is designed to solve relatively large problems. It utilizes Matlab’s sparse-matrix data-structure and Application Program Interface facility, and at the same time takes advantages of existing, efficient Fortran codes for solving large, sparse, symmetric positive definite linear systems. Specifically, LIPSOL constructs MEX-files from two Fortran packages: a sparse Cholesky factorization package developed by Esmond Ng and Barry Peyton at ORNL and a multiple minimum-degree ordering package by Joseph Liu at University of Waterloo . Built in the high-level programming environment of Matlab, LIPSOL enjoys a much greater degree of simplicity and versatility than codes in Fortran or C language. On the other hand, utilizing efficient Fortran codes for computationally intensive tasks, LIPSOL also has adequate speed for solving moderately large-scale problems even in the presence of overhead
Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on Controlling Spasticity in Cerebral Palsy Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Timing of Outcome Measurement

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been suggested as an alternative treatment for reducing spasticity in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). However, the duration of its effect was rarely known. A meta-analysis was performed to investigate the effectiveness of ESWT at controlling spasticity in patients with CP according to the follow-up period. We included studies in which ESWT was used to manage spasticity in patients with CP, and the effect was compared with that in a control group. Finally, three studies were included. In the meta-analysis, spasticity, measured using the modified Ashworth scale (MAS), was significantly reduced after ESWT compared with that in the control group; however, it was sustained for only 1 month. After ESWT, significant increases in passive ankle range of motion (ROM) and plantar surface area in the standing position were observed compared with those in the control group and sustained for up to 3 months. Although spasticity measured using MAS was significantly reduced for only 1 month, improvement in spasticity-associated symptoms, such as ankle ROM and plantar surface area contacting the ground, persisted for over 3 months. ESWT appears to be a useful and effective therapeutic option for managing spasticity in patients with CP.
Quadric curve based stereo

Presents a stereo vision method based on quadric curves. Different to the previous curve based stereo method in which curves in images are used for computing the features of the points and for establishing the point-point correspondence between the left and the right image, the authors provide a closed form solution for the global matching criterion of two quadric curves in two images and furthermore, a closed form solution for the global reconstruction of the conics in the scene. It is shown that the matching of two quadric curves can be established globally and the reconstruction can be performed by solving three one variable quadric equations. The algorithm can be implemented in real time. <<ETX>>
The formation and early dynamical evolution of bound stellar systems.

We present the results of numerical N-body calculations which simulate the dynamical evolution of young clusters as they emerge from molecular clouds. We follow the evolution of initially virialized stellar systems of 50 and, in some cases, 100 stars from the point in time immediately after the stars have formed in a cloud until a time long after all the residual star-forming gas has been dispersed from the system. By varying the star formation efficiency and the gas dispersal time for each model, we determined the combination of these parameters which result in the production of bound stellar groups after the gas not used in star formation is completely dispersed.
A Policy Rate Channel Testing of Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism

Against the backdrop of invariant financial and economic reforms, there are presumptive changes in the confines and speed with which target variables respond to Reserve Bank of India (RBI) policy signals. The result of transmission lags from monetary policy to the real sector is unmistakable. The empirical approach used in this study is a natural progression from the VAR model videlicet, co-integration, and error correction techniques used to overcome the problem of spurious regression associated with non-stationary time-series data. After a shock induces disequilibrium, the speed and degree of adjustment return to a balanced state but with some time lag. The results indicate that in the two-step verification model, it takes approximately 2.851 months for WACMR to fully respond to a change in policy rates, whereas in the second step, it takes approximately 10.33 months for base rates to reach their complete pass-through following changes in call money market and deposit rates.
Mobile Phone Addiction and Sleep Quality among Older People: The Mediating Roles of Depression and Loneliness

Rapid social development has made the elderly increasingly dependent on mobile phones, and mobile phone addiction has a negative effect on sleep quality. The underlying mechanism between the two is unclear. This study examined the mediating role of depression and loneliness in the relationship between phone addiction and sleep quality in older adults. Mobile Phone Addiction Scale Short Version, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scale, UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)-8 Loneliness Scale, and Short Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) were used to investigate 459 older adults in China. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between mobile phone addiction and sleep quality in the elderly. In addition, depression and loneliness partially mediated the relationship between mobile phone addiction and sleep quality in older adults. The current study provides new insights into the impact of mobile phone addiction on sleep quality and the importance of depression and loneliness in older adults. The limitations and significance of this study are discussed.