Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clouds and Hazes in Planetary Atmospheres

Clouds and hazes are found in every significant planetary atmosphere in the Solar System, from the sulfuric acid clouds of Venus and the water clouds of Earth and Mars, to the photochemical hazes that pervade the giant planets, ice giants, Titan, and even Pluto. Beyond the Solar System, transmission spectroscopy of exoplanets have found that many are also bound in clouds and hazes, though their higher temperatures give rise to clouds of salts, rocks, and metals, and hazes of soots and sulfurs. Understanding the behavior and role of clouds and hazes in planetary atmospheres is instrumental in understanding atmospheres as a whole, as they are strongly coupled to other atmospheric processes. For example, highly reflective clouds can reduce the effective temperature of a planet, while UV absorbing hazes can increase local atmospheric temperatures. Clouds and hazes also act as reservoirs for important trace species and can be crucial to atmospheric chemical cycles. In this Ph.D thesis, I use modeling and comparisons to observations to understand cloud and haze processes on multiple worlds within and beyond the Solar System. I use the Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA) to simulate the sulfuric acid clouds of Venus in an attempt to find the cause of the spatial and temporal variability in the Venus upper haze, as observed by Venus Express. I show that the variability is likely caused by sustained updrafts lofting large cloud particles into the haze. I then modify CARMA to include fractal aggregate particles to investigate the properties of the photochemical haze on Pluto as observed by New Horizons, and find that the haze particles must be porous, and that they may act as nucleation cites for simple hydrocarbons. Finally, I add exotic condensates to CARMA to model clouds on exoplanets, where their existence has led to difficulties in finding the atmospheric compositions of these worlds. I show that not all species that can condense will, due to their material properties, and that the cloud optical depth is largely controlled by the rate of particle production via homogeneous nucleation. In addition, I investigate the effect a sulfur haze would have on the reflected light spectrum of giant exoplanets to prepare for upcoming direct imaging missions, and find that sulfur hazes significantly brighten these planets at long wavelengths, while darkening them at short wavelengths due to UV absorption. Finally, I retrieve the properties of water ice particles from Cassini observations of the plumes of Enceladus assuming that they are aggregates rather than spheres, and thereby unifying forward scattering observations with in situ measurements.
Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Rheumatoid Arthritis Development

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory arthritis worldwide, significantly impacting patients and population health. The disease affects women primarily, with a female-to-male ratio of three to one. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, including genetic and environmental risk factors. Epidemiological studies highlight the link between the environment and genetic susceptibility to RA. The so-called shared epitope is the most significant risk factor that seems to act synergetic with other environmental factors in the disease occurrence. In addition, recent findings suggest a potential role of new substantial environmental factors, such as the observed pollution of the planet’s natural resources, on the susceptibility and progression of the disease. This review summarises the most decisive evidence on epidemiology and genetic, environmental, and lifestyle risk factors for RA. It shows that studying genetic and environmental factors in correlation could lead to prevention strategies that may impact the natural history of the disease.
Animal models for testing biomaterials in periodontal regeneration

ABSTRACT Periodontitis is a prevalent oral disease. It can cause tooth loss and has a significant impact on patients’ quality of life. While existing treatments can only slow the progression of periodontitis, they are unable to achieve complete regeneration and functional reconstruction of periodontal tissues. As a result, regenerative therapies based on biomaterials have become a focal point of research in the field of periodontology. Despite numerous studies reporting the superiority of new materials in periodontal regeneration, limited progress has been made in translating these findings into clinical practice. This may be due to the lack of appropriate animal models to simulate the tissue defects caused by human periodontitis. This review aims to provide an overview of established animal models for periodontal regeneration, examine their advantages and limitations, and outline the steps for model construction. The objective is to determine the most relevant animal models for periodontal regeneration based on the hypothesis and expected outcomes.
Facial Assessment and Cosmetic Enhancement Quality of Life Questionnaire (FACE-Q) Arabic Validation

Background Rhinoplasty, a common cosmetic surgery, improves aesthetic appearance and nasal function. Outcomes are typically measured by patient satisfaction and quality of life impact. However, a gap exists in validated non-English assessment tools, especially in Arabic, which hinders accurately capturing patient experiences in Arabic-speaking populations. To fill this gap, this study aims to translate and validate the "Rhinoplasty" module of the Facial Assessment and Cosmetic Enhancement Quality of Life Questionnaire (FACE-Q) self-questionnaire into Arabic. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Otorhinolaryngology Department of the National Guard Health Affairs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Adults who underwent rhinoplasty from 2017 to 2021 were included if they had at least one year of follow-up and were contactable. A sample size of 109 was determined, and the participants were selected using probability cluster sampling. A 33-item FACE-Q scale was administered via telephone, with scores converted to a 0-100 scale for analysis. Translation involved a two-way process with independent translations and back-translations, followed by review and pilot testing. Results The study included 137 participants (mean age, 32.5 years; 53 men, 84 women), predominantly electing cosmetic surgery, with an average of four years post-surgery. The internal consistency of the scales varied, with the self-acceptance/love scale showing acceptable reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.73) and other scales suggesting item redundancy (Cronbach’s alpha for aesthetic scales > 0.94). The self-rated complications scale did not meet the acceptability threshold, indicating a need for scale revision. Conclusions The Arabic translation of the FACE-Q Rhinoplasty module shows potential as a reliable tool for evaluating patient satisfaction and quality of life after rhinoplasty in Arabic-speaking patients. Further refinement is necessary to address item redundancy and enhance cultural specificity. This work underscores the importance of culturally sensitive tools for global applicability in cosmetic surgery outcomes research.
Enhancing Patient Safety Culture in Hospitals

Patient safety has become a top priority for healthcare organizations. A better patient safety environment is associated with a lower probability of significant complications. Training programmers is critical to promoting patient safety and minimizing misunderstandings. The quality, performance, and productivity of the healthcare industry can be dramatically improved by changing the patient safety atmosphere operating within the hospital sector. Hospitals can significantly reduce medical errors and adverse events by implementing the program and training programmers to prioritize patient safety. This will improve patient outcomes and increase efficiency and effectiveness. Creating a patient safety culture within hospitals will contribute to a higher standard of care and improved overall performance in the healthcare industry. Hospitals can identify systemic problems and implement proactive measures to prevent future incidents by creating an environment in which healthcare professionals feel comfortable reporting errors. A patient safety culture encourages collaboration and open communication among healthcare teams leading to more effective and coordinated care.
The relationship between citizens' perceptions of farmers and the overall assessment of farm animal husbandry in Germany: a case of four animal types and two production systems

Citizens' perceptions of farmers are considered one of the most important factors influencing the overall assessment of livestock production. Therefore, this study aims to explore this relationship considering four different types of animals: Dairy cows, fattening pigs, broilers and laying hens for both conventional and organic farming systems. In analyzing the data, a contingency table analysis with chi-square test was performed. The values of the adjusted residuals were used as a post hoc test. The results showed that each of the five perception statements was significantly associated with the assessment of conventional and organic livestock production for all types. The results of this study are useful for understanding the overall assessment of the types and systems studied and for planning future research.
The Role of Educational Values in Enhancing Intellectual Security The Role of Educational Values in Enhancing Intellectual Security among Students at Jordanian and Saudi Universities. among Students at Jordanian and Saudi Universities.

: The current study aimed to explore the correlation between educational values and intellectual security in university students at Jordanian and Saudi universities. The descriptive correlational approach was used. An electronic questionnaire was administered to a sample of (1102) male and female students in Jordanian and Saudi universities. The findings yielded a high degree of educational value among the subjects. A statistically significant correlation was observed between educational values and intellectual security. Statistically significant differences were found in educational values attributable to gender variables favoring males and the academic level favoring the category postgraduates. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in intellectual security due to gender or academic level.
Genotyping of Myostatin gene in white turkey using PCR-RFLP

Myostatin gene plays an important role in limiting skeletal muscle growth in livestock and poultry species. The purpose of the present study was to identify the polymorphism in Myostatin gene and to associate the genetic variants with growth and feed efficiency traits in White turkey. Genomic DNA was isolated from 83 poults using Phenol: Chloroform extraction method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for amplification of 611 bp fragment from intron 1 of Myostatin locus. The amplified products were analyzed for Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using Hinf I restriction enzyme and the resulted fragment were visualized on 2% agarose gel stained with ethydium bromide under gel documentation system. PCR-RFLP analysis revealed monomorphism. Since no genetic variability for Myostatin gene was observed in the population, it was not possible to perform analysis studies with growth and feed efficiency traits. Lack of variability indicates the conserved nature of the gene.
Discovery of extremely high equivalent width Lyman-emission from a faint galaxy within an ionized bubble at z=7.3

We report the discovery of a remarkable Ly α emitting galaxy at z = 7 . 2782, JADES-GS + 53.16746 − 27.7720 (shortened to JADES-GS-z7-LA), with rest-frame equivalent width, EW 0 (Ly α ) = 388 . 0 ± 88 . 8Å and UV magnitude − 17 . 0. The spectroscopic redshift is conﬁrmed via rest-frame optical lines [O ii ], H β and [O iii ] in its JWST / NIRSpec Micro-Shutter Assembly (MSA) spectrum. The Ly α line is detected in both lower resolution ( R ∼ 100) PRISM as well as medium resolution ( R ∼ 1000) G 140 M grating spectra. The line spread function-deconvolved Ly α full width at half maximum in the grating is 383 . 9 ± 56 . 2kms − 1 and the Ly α velocity o ﬀ set compared to the systemic redshift is 113 . 3 ± 80 . 0kms − 1 , indicative of very little neutral gas or dust within the galaxy. We estimate the Ly α escape fraction to be > 70%. JADES-GS-z7-LA has a [O iii ] / [O ii ] ratio (O32) of 11 . 1 ± 2 . 2 and a ([O iii ] + [O ii ]) / H β ratio (R23) of 11 . 2 ± 2 . 6, consistent with low metallicity and high ionization parameters. Deep NIRCam imaging also revealed a close companion source (separated by 0 . 23 (cid:48)(cid:48) ), which exhibits similar photometry to that of JADES-GS-z7-LA, with a photometric excess in the F 410 M NIRCam image consistent with [O iii ] + H β emission at the same redshift. The spectral energy distribution of JADES-GS-z7-LA indicates a “bursty” star formation history, with a low stellar mass of ≈ 10 7 M (cid:12) . Assuming that the Ly α transmission through the intergalactic medium is the same as its measured escape fraction, an ionized region of size > 1 . 5pMpc is needed to explain the high Ly α EW and low velocity o ﬀ set compared to systemic seen in JADES-GS-z7-LA. Owing to its UV-faintness, we show that it is incapable of single-handedly ionizing a region large enough to explain its Ly α emission. Therefore, we suggest that JADES-GS-z7-LA (and possibly the companion source) may be a part of a larger overdensity, presenting direct evidence of overlapping ionized bubbles at z > 7
Evaluation of pathways for release of Rift Valley fever virus into domestic ruminant livestock, ruminant wildlife, and human populations in the continental United States.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility for Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) to enter the continental United States by various routes as well as to identify states in which domestic and wild ruminant and human populations would be most vulnerable to exposure to RVFV. STUDY DESIGN Pathways analysis. SAMPLE POPULATION Animals, commodities, and humans transported from RVFV-endemic countries to the continental United States between 2000 and 2005. PROCEDURES Initially, agent, host, and environmental factors important in the epidemiologic aspects of RVFV were used to develop a list of potential pathways for release of RVFV into the continental United States. Next, the feasibility of each pathway was evaluated by use of data contained in governmental and public domain sources. Finally, entry points into the continental United States for each feasible pathway were used to identify the domestic and wild ruminant and human populations at risk for exposure to RVFV. RESULTS Feasible pathways for entry of RVFV into the continental United States were importation of RVFV-infected animals, entry of RVFV-infected people, mechanical transport of RVFV-infected insect vectors, and smuggling of live virus. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Domestic ruminant livestock, ruminant wildlife, and people in 14 states (Alabama, California, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia) appeared to be most vulnerable to exposure to RVFV. Pathways analysis can provide the requisite information needed to construct an effective targeted surveillance plan for RVFV to enable rapid detection and response by animal health and public health officials.
A Correlation Analysis of Leadership Style and Training on Teacher Retention in Zambian Government Secondary Schools

The article argues how leadership style and training affect teacher retention on the Copperbelt province of Zambia. This was done by determining the effect of leadership style and training on teacher retention. Herzberg two factor theory and job embeddedness theory were used to guide this paper. This article employed a mixed design approach with an embedded correlational model, an embedded variant, in which qualitative data were embedded within a quantitative design. The research sample comprised 600 participants and 10 informants. Sampling was done using multistage sampling and snowball sampling techniques. To collect quantitative and qualitative data, self-administered questionnaires and semi-structured interview guides were used respectively. Quantitative data was then analyzed using multiple regression analysis. On the other hand, qualitative data were analyzed using both a qualitative interpretative approach and Moustakas`s Modified Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen (SCK) method. Findings seem to suggest that leadership style and training had a positive significant relationship with teacher retention when tested at 95% confidence interval. The findings established that most school administrators used coercive power and that they valued production more than human resource. Based on the regression analysis results, leadership style (f-value =12.896; p-value = 0.000 b ), came out to be the strongest predictor of teacher retention as compared to training (f-value = 6.529; p-value = 0.000 b). Based on the findings the researcher among other recommendation opines school managers should avoid the use of coercive power and they should value both human resource and production
The Impact of Knowledge Management Infrastructure on The Impact of Knowledge Management Infrastructure on Promoting Innovation: An Applied Study on Jordanian Promoting Innovation: An Applied Study on Jordanian Communications and Information Technology Companies Communications and Information Technol

: In this paper, communication and information technology companies have recently been competing to provide many types of products and services to obtain a larger market share than their competitors – it is essential for them to be prompted to constantly strive to provide an infrastructure for knowledge management to achieve innovation. The study sample consisted of (673) individuals. The study reached several findings, that associated to the most important of which is the provision of the means of information and communication technology by the information and communication technology companies to the personnel to enable them to cooperate with others outside the company. This will allow them to retrieve and use knowledge related to the company's services and administrative operations, search for new knowledge, and cooperate among them – the thing that enhances their innovation. The study recommended the need to strengthen the medium levels of knowledge management infrastructure in the company, consisting of physical structure, general knowledge, organizational structure and organizational culture while maintaining high levels.
Influence of Non-Homogeneity, Rotation, Magnetic Field, and Influence of Non-Homogeneity, Rotation, Magnetic Field, and Initial Stress on Radial Vibrations in Thermo-Viscoelastic Isotropic Initial Stress on Radial Vibrations in Thermo-Viscoelastic Isotropic Media Media

: This paper presents an innovative analytical approach to investigate the effects of rotation and initial stress on a magneto-thermo-viscoelastic non-homogeneous medium with a spherical cavity under periodic loading. The study focuses on analyzing the distribution of displacements, temperature, and stresses within the non-homogeneous medium using the generalized thermoelasticity framework based on the GL theory. The derived analytical solutions are extensively discussed, and the results are visually presented to illustrate the inﬂuences of rotation, initial stress, relaxation times, magnetic ﬁeld, viscoelasticity, and non-homogeneity. Furthermore, comprehensive comparisons with prior research are conducted, encompassing scenarios with and without rotation, magnetic ﬁeld, and initial stress. These comparisons contribute to establishing the signiﬁcance of the ﬁndings and highlight the advancements made in this study in relation to existing knowledge in the ﬁeld.
Cleaning Up the Mess of Web 2.0 Security (At Least Partly)

—Everybody loves the new Web 2.0 applications. They are easy to use, fast, and can be accessed from any computer or smartphones without installation. They allow us to easily communicate and share data with each other, make shopping simple, and give us access to vast amount of information. However, Web 2.0 is also frequently mentioned in the news in connection with novel exploits, data leaks, or identity theft. Active content, tight integration, and the overall complexity of the continuously evolving Web 2.0 technology creates new risks which we can hardly grasp. Turning back is no solution, since we would lose many beloved features. But how can we get both — pleasant user experience and security — in such a messy place such as the current Web 2.0 represents? We study the complex security situation and attack surface of Web 2.0 applications and attempt to give a brief tour through this zoo, focusing on already existing applications. We particularly outline open research challenges in this ﬁeld and give recommendations how to approach these issues.
The Impact of AI-Powered Content Generation on Customer Experience

, This thesis explores the perceptions and preferences of individuals regarding AI-generated and human-generated content. The study aims to examine the value, advantages, disadvantages, quality, relevance, personalization, impact, and key factors associated with both types of content. Grounded in a comprehensive theoretical framework, the research adopts a mixed-methods approach, utilizing interviews to gather data from participants. The findings reveal diverse perspectives on the value of human touch in content creation, emphasizing emotional connection and craftsmanship. Participants recognize the advantages of AI-generated content, such as improved productivity and cost-efficiency. However, concerns regarding ethical issues, biased information, and the lack of emotional understanding and personalization in AI-generated content were also expressed. The study highlights the role of emotional design and personalization in content quality, as well as the significance of relevance and personalization in user preferences. Moreover, the impact of AI-generated content on cognitive load and learning difficulty is explored. The research provides valuable insights for organizations seeking to integrate AI technology into their content creation strategies, emphasizing the need for a cautious and thoughtful approach. By optimizing customer experience strategies and promoting ethical and responsible use of AI technology, businesses can enhance customer engagement and satisfaction. The thesis concludes with limitations of the study and suggestions for future research. Graduation Committee members
"Is organic really organic? " – Why consumers do (not) trust organic food and what they expect from the organic sector. - Results of focus groups -

This paper addresses consumer trust in organic food in order to find out which aspects increase and decrease trust and which trust expectations consumers have. The aim is to strengthen consumer trust on the basis of the findings and to develop trust-building measures. To this end, ten focus groups with German consumers were conducted online in February 2021 and evaluated using content analysis. The results show that there is a predominant lack of trust in organic food. This is based in particular on the fact that organic production is often doubted and there are from the consumer’s point of view too many organic labels. This can be attributed not only to a lack of knowledge on the part of consumers, but also to a lack of transparency within the organic sector and in relation to organic food. Results from the consumer's point of view show that the possibility of control, information and transparency are relevant for trust in organic food and the development of knowledge about organic food can positively influence this trust.