Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of macro and micro parameters in solidification model

In the paper the thermal processes proceeding in the solidifying metal are analyzed. The basic energy equation determining the course of solidification contains the component (source function) controlling the phase change. This component is proportional to the solidification rate ∂fS/∂t(fS ∈ [0, 1], is a temporary and local volumetric fraction of solid state). The value of fS can be found, among others, on the basic of laws determining the nucleation and nuclei growth. This approach leads to the so called micro/macro models (the second generation models). The capacity of internal heat source appearing in the equation concerning the macro scale (solidification and cooling of domain considered) results from the phenomena proceeding in the micro scale (nuclei growth). The function fS can be defined as a product of nuclei density N and single grain volume V (a linear model of crystallization) and this approach is applied in the paper presented. The problem discussed consists in the simultaneous identification of two parameters determining a course of solidification. In particular it is assumed that nuclei density N (micro scale) and volumetric specific heat of metal (macro scale) are unknown. Formulated in this way inverse problem is solved using the least squares criterion and gradient methods. The additional information which allows to identify the unknown parameters results from knowledge of cooling curves at the selected set of points from solidifying metal domain. On the stage of numerical realization the boundary element method is used. In the final part of the paper the examples of computations are presented.
Measures of training stress in cyclists do not usefully predict maximum mean power in competitions

Background: Many competitive cyclists use mobile ergometers to monitor power output during training and competition rides. A training-impulse model is then often used to combine a training-stress score from each ride into measures of "fitness" and "fatigue", the difference in which is interpreted as a measure of "freshness" that might predict competitive performance. Purpose: To determine the effect of fitness, fatigue and freshness the day before cycling competitions on physiological indicators of performance in the competitions. Methods: Twenty male and four female competitive cyclists (29 ± 9 y, 71 ± 7 kg, mean ± SD) provided recordings of their SRM or Quarq mobile ergometers for training rides, 55 time trials (16-40 km), and 447 mass-start road races over a 6- to 8-month period. TrainingPeaks software (version WKO+ 3) was used to synthesize fitness, fatigue and freshness scores on the day before each competition and to extract maximal mean power (MMP) for four durations (5 s, 60 s, 5 min, 20 min) from the competition ride. The within-cyclist relationship between each measure of training and each measure of performance was investigated by producing scatterplots of the deviations from each rider's mean training and mean performance measure for time trials and road races in single-day and multi-day competitions. Mixed modeling was used to quantify the relationship as the linear effect of a change of two within-cyclist standard deviations of the measure of training, assuming a smallest important change in performance of 1%. Results:Individual typical variation in maximum mean power from competition to competition ranged from ±7.1% (5-min MMP) to ±14% (5-s MMP). Scatterplots were generally consistent with a random relationship between the indicators of performance in competitions and the measures of training the previous day, and all effects of training measures on performance measures were unclear. Discussion: The uncertainty in the relationships between the measures of training and the measures of performance is due to the extremely poor reliability of the measures of maximum mean power. Contextual information about each competition ride might improve the reliability by helping to filter out or otherwise account for poorer performances. Alternatively other measures of performance from competitions are needed to determine whether fitness, fatigue and freshness usefully predict competition performance. Conclusions: Maximum mean power in competitions is too unreliable to determine whether the measures of fitness, fatigue and freshness provided by mobile ergometers and TrainingPeaks software reflect readiness for competitions.
Physics of the Interstellar and Intergalactic Medium

This is a comprehensive and richly illustrated textbook on the astrophysics of the interstellar and intergalactic medium--the gas and dust, as well as the electromagnetic radiation, cosmic rays, and magnetic and gravitational fields, present between the stars in a galaxy and also between galaxies themselves. Topics include radiative processes across the electromagnetic spectrum; radiative transfer; ionization; heating and cooling; astrochemistry; interstellar dust; fluid dynamics, including ionization fronts and shock waves; cosmic rays; distribution and evolution of the interstellar medium; and star formation. While it is assumed that the reader has a background in undergraduate-level physics, including some prior exposure to atomic and molecular physics, statistical mechanics, and electromagnetism, the first six chapters of the book include a review of the basic physics that is used in later chapters. This graduate-level textbook includes references for further reading, and serves as an invaluable resource for working astrophysicists. * Essential textbook on the physics of the interstellar and intergalactic medium * Based on a course taught by the author for more than twenty years at Princeton University * Covers radiative processes, fluid dynamics, cosmic rays, astrochemistry, interstellar dust, and more * Discusses the physical state and distribution of the ionized, atomic, and molecular phases of the interstellar medium * Reviews diagnostics using emission and absorption lines * Features color illustrations and detailed reference materials in appendices * Instructor's manual with problems and solutions (available only to teachers)
Quality Control for Cervical Ca treatments on HDR Brachytherapy with Ir-192

a Colombia, presenta los resultados obtenidos en simulaciones de tratamientos de c ´ ancer de cen braquiterapia HDR con Ir-192, utilizando como simulador funa pelvis femenina de estructuranatural con tejidos blandos construidos con el material experimental JJT. Las dosis fueron medidas experimentalmente, previa caracterizacidosimcon cristales TLD- 100 de LiF: Mg; Ti, ubicados en los ´ organos en riesgo: recto y vejiga. Por otro lado, estos tratamientos se planearon y calcularon te ´
A Unique Clinical Tool for the Evaluation of Oral Feeding Skills in Infants

Background. Occupational therapy practice for oral feeding assessment is based on clinical observation of infants’ sucking, swallowing, and breathing ability, which is influenced by clinical experience and provides poor evidence on explanatory factors. Purpose. To test the clinical utility and safety of a nipple monitoring device for the quantitative evaluation of oral feeding skills. Method. Sixteen infants, with no severe medical complications, participated in a pre-experimental pilot study. Oral feeding performances (duration, intake volume, and rate of transfer), and occurrence of adverse events (apnea, bradycardia, and oxygen desaturations) were recorded to ensure the tool does not interfere with infant's feeding ability or does not create any adverse effects. Findings. There was no significant difference in duration, intake volume, rate of transfer between the two monitored sessions, and no occurrence in adverse events. Implications. The findings suggest that the nipple monitoring device may be used for quantitative assessment and intervention planning of oral feeding difficulties in infants.
Equations over Finite Fields: An Elementary Approach

Equations yd=f(x) and yq? y=f(x). - Character sums and exponential sums. - Absolutely irreducible equations f(x,y)=0. - Equations in many variables. - Absolutely irreducible equations f(x1,.,xn)=0. - Rudiments of algebraic geometry. The number of points in varieties over finite fields.
Robust control of PGD-based numerical simulations

In this paper, we develop an error estimator that enables to control effectively the quality of numerical solutions obtained using proper generalised decomposition. The method is based on the Constitutive Relation Error and the construction of associated admissible fields. It takes all error sources (discretisations, truncation of the modal representation, etc.) into account and can be used, introducing adjoint-based techniques, for goal-oriented error estimation. Furthermore, specific indicators can be derived to split error contributions and thus drive adaptive procedures in an optimal manner.
In Vitro Generation of Luminal Vasculature in Liver Organoids: From Basic Vascular Biology to Vascularized Hepatic Organoids

Liver organoids have gained much attention in recent years for their potential applications to liver disease modeling and pharmacologic drug screening. Liver organoids produced in vitro reflect some aspects of the in vivo physiological and pathological conditions of the liver. However, the generation of liver organoids with perfusable luminal vasculature remains a major challenge, hindering precise and effective modeling of liver diseases. Furthermore, vascularization is required for large organoids or assembloids to closely mimic the complexity of tissue architecture without cell death in the core region. A few studies have successfully generated liver organoids with endothelial cell networks, but most of these vascular networks produced luminal structures after being transplanted into tissues of host animals. Therefore, formation of luminal vasculature is an unmet need to overcome the limitation of liver organoids as an in vitro model investigating different acute and chronic liver diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the unique features of hepatic vasculature under pathophysiological conditions and summarize the biochemical and biophysical cues that drive vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro. We also highlight recent progress in generating vascularized liver organoids in vitro and discuss potential strategies that may enable the generation of perfusable luminal vasculature in liver organoids.
Hierarchical stratification of the factors related to exertional dyspnoea and exercise intolerance in male COPD patients

Abstract Background The order and extent of interactions across the factors affecting exertional dyspnoea (ED) and exercise intolerance (EI) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are not clear. We hypothesized that lung and non-lung variables were the primary variables, ED was the secondary variable and EI was the tertiary variable. Methods Data on demographics, blood tests, cardiac imaging, lung function tests and invasive dead space fractions (VD/VT) during incremental exercise test of 46 male COPD subjects were obtained. These variables were categorized by factor analysis and pair-wise correlation analysis was conducted. The best factor of each category was selected and then multivariate regression was conducted. Results Peak tidal inspiratory flow (VT/TIpeak), VD/VTpeak and tidal lung expansion capability, and resting diffusing capacity of the lungs (DLCO)% predicted were the primary pulmonary factors most related to ED, whereas body mass index (BMI), haemoglobin and cholesterol levels were the primary non-pulmonary factors. In multivariate regression analysis, VT/TIpeak, VD/VTpeak and DLCO% were the primary factors most related to ED (r 2 = 0.69); ED was most related to EI (r = −0.74 to −0.83). Conclusion Using hierarchical stratification and statistical methods may improve understanding of the pathophysiology of ED and EI in patients with COPD. KEY MESSAGES The pathophysiology of exertional dyspnoea (ED) and exercise intolerance (EI) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is complex. The order and extent of interactions across factors are not clear. In multivariate regression analysis, we found that tidal inspiratory flow, dead space fraction and resting diffusing capacity of the lungs % but not the non-pulmonary factors affected ED. Using correlation coefficients, we further found that ED was the secondary variable and EI was the tertiary variable. Hierarchical stratification of the important factors associated with ED and EI in patients with COPD clarifies their relationships and could be incorporated into management programmes and outcome studies for these patients.
Analyse de processus stochastiques pour la génomique : étude du modèle MTD et inférence de réseaux bayésiens dynamiques

Cette these porte sur l'analyse de sequences d'ADN et de donnees temporelles d'expression de genes. Nous etudions tout d'abord un modele parcimonieux de melange de transition markoviennes (MTD) et introduisons un algorithme EM pour son estimation. Nous presentons ensuite deux approches pour la reconstruction de reseaux genetiques utilisant des reseaux bayesiens dynamiques (DBN). Les dependances sont decrites par un graphe oriente dont on cherche a estimer la topologie malgre le tres faible nombre de mesures par rapport au nombre de genes observes. Nous supposons d'abord une topologie fixe au cours du temps, approchons ce graphe en considerant des dependances d'ordre partiel et developpons une procedure deterministe d'inference de DBN. Nous considerons ensuite un modele de regression a ruptures multiples definissant une suite de phases homogenes. La position des points de rupture et la structure de chaque phase sont estimes simultanement grâce a une procedure MCMC a sauts reversibles.
Informing mHealth and Web-Based Eating Disorder Interventions: Combining Lived Experience Perspectives With Design Thinking Approaches

Background App-based interventions designed to prevent and treat eating disorders have considerable potential to overcome known barriers to treatment seeking. Existing apps have shown efficacy in terms of symptom reduction; however, uptake and retention issues are common. To ensure that apps meet the needs and preferences of those for whom they were designed, it is critical to understand the lived experience of potential users and involve them in the process of design, development, and delivery. However, few app-based interventions are pretested on and co-designed with end users before randomized controlled trials. Objective To address the issue, this study used a highly novel design thinking approach to provide the context and a lived experience perspective of the end user, thus allowing for a deeper level of understanding. Methods In total, 7 young women (mean age 25.83, SD 5.34, range 21-33 years) who self-identified as having a history of body image issues or eating disorders were recruited. Participants were interviewed about their lived experience of body image and eating disorders and reported their needs and preferences for app-based eating disorder interventions. Traditional (thematic analysis) and novel (empathy mapping; visually depicting and empathizing with the user’s personal experience) analyses were performed, providing a lived experience perspective of eating disorders and identifying the needs and preferences of this population in relation to app-based interventions for eating disorders. Key challenges and opportunities for app-based eating disorder interventions were also identified. Results Findings highlighted the importance of understanding and identifying problematic eating disorder symptoms for the user, helpful practices for recovery that identify personal values and goals, the role of social support in facilitating hope, and aspects of usability to promote continued engagement and recovery. Conclusions Practical guidance and recommendations are described for those developing app-based eating disorder interventions. These findings have the potential to inform practices to enhance participant uptake and retention in the context of app-based interventions for this population.
The diverse functions of the DEG/ENaC family: linking genetic and physiological insights

The DEG/ENaC family of ion channels was defined based on the sequence similarity between degenerins (DEG) from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and subunits of the mammalian epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and also includes a diverse array of non‐voltage‐gated cation channels from across animal phyla, including the mammalian acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) and Drosophila pickpockets. ENaCs and ASICs have wide ranging medical importance; for example, ENaCs play an important role in respiratory and renal function, and ASICs in ischaemia and inflammatory pain, as well as being implicated in memory and learning. Electrophysiological approaches, both in vitro and in vivo, have played an essential role in establishing the physiological properties of this diverse family, identifying an array of modulators and implicating them in an extensive range of cellular functions, including mechanosensation, acid sensation and synaptic modulation. Likewise, genetic studies in both invertebrates and vertebrates have played an important role in linking our understanding of channel properties to function at the cellular and whole animal/behavioural level. Drawing together genetic and physiological evidence is essential to furthering our understanding of the precise cellular roles of DEG/ENaC channels, with the diversity among family members allowing comparative physiological studies to dissect the molecular basis of these diverse functions.
Draft Genome Sequence of “Candidatus Nardonella dryophthoridicola” Strain NARMHE1, Endosymbiont of Metamasius hemipterus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Dryophthorinae)

Here, we report the draft genome and annotation of “Candidatus Nardonella dryophthoridicola” strain NARMHE1, obtained via Oxford Nanopore sequencing of the ovaries of its host, the weevil Metamasius hemipterus, from a population from southeast Brazil. ABSTRACT Here, we report the draft genome and annotation of “Candidatus Nardonella dryophthoridicola” strain NARMHE1, obtained via Oxford Nanopore sequencing of the ovaries of its host, the weevil Metamasius hemipterus, from a population from southeast Brazil.
Comparative homology of Pleurotus ostreatus laccase enzyme: Swiss model or Modeller?

Abstract Laccases stand out in the industrial context due to their versatile biotechnological applications. Although these enzymes are frequently investigated, currently, Pleurotus ostreatus laccase structural model is unknown. Therefore, this research aims to predict and validate a P. ostreatus laccase theoretical model by means of comparative homology. The laccase target’s primary structure (AOM73725.1) was obtained from the NCBI database, the model was predicted from homologous structures obtained from the PDB (PDB-ID: 5A7E, 2HRG, 4JHU, 1GYC) using the Swiss-Model and Modeller, and was refined in GalaxyRefine. The models were validated using PROCHECK, VERIFY 3D, ERRAT, PROVE and QMEAN Z-score servers. Moreover, molecular docking between the laccase model (Lacc4MN) and ABTS was performed on AutoDock Vina. The models that were generated by the Modeller showed superior stereochemical and structural characteristics to those predicted by the Swiss Model. The refinement made it difficult to stabilize the copper atoms which are typical of laccases. The Lacc4MN model showed the interactions between the amino acids in the active site of the laccase and the copper atoms, thereby hinting the stabilization of the metal through electrostatic interactions with histidine and cysteine. The molecular docking between Lacc4MN and ABTS showed negative free energy and the formation of two hydrogen bonds involving the amino acids ASP 208 and GLY 268, and a Pi–sulfur bond between residue HIS 458 and ABTS, which demonstrates the typical catalytic functionality of laccases. Furthermore, the theoretical model Lacc4MN presented stereochemical and structural characteristics that allow its use in silico tests. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Copper deficiency, a rare but correctable cause of pancytopenia: a review of literature

ABSTRACT Introduction Copper is increasingly being recognized as a vital mineral required by both animals and humans. It plays a vital role in many metabolic processes such as cellular respiration, iron oxidation, and hemoglobin synthesis. Copper deficiency, which can be hereditary or acquired, can lead to a wide spectrum of disease processes such as ringed sideroblastic anemia, myelodysplasia, and pancytopenia. Timely identification and management of copper deficiency is necessary to prevent irreversible complications. Areas Covered Our study focuses on prevalence, etiology, pathophysiology, complications, and treatment of copper deficiency. Expert Opinion Copper deficiency is frequently underrecognized as the cause of anemia, neutropenia, and bone marrow dysplasia. As it is potentially treatable, it should always be kept in the differentials when patients present with neurological and hematological abnormalities.
Cosmological effects of decaying cosmic string loops with TeV scale width

In supersymmetric theories, cosmic strings produced in the early Universe often have a width of TeV scale, while the tension is much larger. In a scaling regime, an infinite cosmic string releases significant fraction of its energy in the form of string loops. These thick string loops lose their energies efficiently by particle emissions, and hence it may have effects on cosmological observations. We study cosmological implications of string loops with TeV scale width in detail and derive constraints on the tension of the string. Implications on future gravitational wave detectors are also discussed.
Biogenesis of reproductive PhasiRNAs: exceptions to the rules

Reproductive phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNA) are a class of small RNAs specifically expressed in reproductive tissues, i.e., developing anthers (Liu et al., 2020). They are broadly present in both monocots and eudicots (Pokhrel et al., 2021a; Xia et al., 2019) and are important to male fertility (Araki et al., 2020; Teng et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2020). Reproductive phasiRNAs are classified as pre-meiotic and meiotic phasiRNAs according to their temporal accumulation in anthers (Zhai et al., 2015). In monocots, the pre-meiotic phasiRNAs are predominantly 21-nt in length and generated from a large number of noncoding precursor genes (21-PHAS) targeted by miR2118. These 21-nt pre-meiotic phasiRNAs likely function via the direction of mRNA cleavage, responsible for the transcriptome reprogramming in pre-meiotic anthers (Jiang et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2020), and different pre-meiotic phasiRNAs are enriched in different cell types to perform distinct functions (Araki et al., 2020). Meiotic phasiRNAs are 24-nt long and produced from miR2275-targeted noncoding genes (24PHAS). Although we know these 24-nt meiotic phasiRNAs are essential for male fertility, how they execute their function remains larger obscure. In eudicots, different miRNAs seem to be evolved to instigate the production of 21-nt pre-meiotic phasiRNA, i.e., miR11308 in wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca) and miR14051 in columbine (Aquilegia coerulea; Pokhrel et al., 2021a), and the production of 24-nt meiotic phasiRNAs can be triggered by miRNAs other than miR2275, including miR11308, miR482/2118 and miR14051 (Pokhrel et al., 2021b), indicating a greater diversity of miRNA triggers in eudicots and the high plasticity of reproductive phasiRNA production. Here, we reported, during our recent massive PHAS analyses of hundreds of plants, our discoveries on reproductive phasiRNAs of abnormal patterns, which broadens our horizon on the sophistication of reproductive phasiRNA production.