Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence Application Expediates Surgical Team Evaluation as Part of Hemorrhagic Stroke Workflow Metrics

Title Artificial Intelligence Application Expediates Surgical Team Evaluation as Part of Hemorrhagic Stroke Workflow MetricsIntroduction The mantra time is brain has led to significant efforts to expedite tPA administration time and initiation of mechanical thrombectomy for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Evidence supporting surgical intervention for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains elusive. Numerous clinical trials have had negative overall results and others are still on-going. Most investigators and trial protocols have agreed that intervention should occur rapidly to decrease the risk of hematoma expansion and reduce perihematomal edema, however no trial has directly studied this question. Artificial intelligence applications have been shown to improve ischemic stroke workflow metrics, both decreasing transfer times from outside hospitals and rapidly alerting the interventional teams. We aimed to determine whether the implementation of an ICH detection algorithm that provides immediate active notification to provider cell phones would improve hemorrhagic stroke workflow at our institution. Methods A retrospective review was performed of patients presenting between January 2018 and March 2022 who suffered a spontaneous ICH and for whom the neurosurgical service was consulted for possible surgical intervention. Stroke workflow metrics were compared pre- and post- implementation of the VizAI (Viz.ai, San Francisco, California, USA) smartphone application. Additional demographic, clinical, and radiographic information was all collected.Results 188 adult patients were identified during the study period. Time between identification of ICH to neurosurgical team notification was reduced by 50 minutes after the implementation of VizAI (p<0.002). The number increases to 57 minutes when hemorrhages not identified by the ICH algorithm were excluded.Discussion Active notification of the neurosurgical team by an artificial intelligence application significantly reduces the time from hemorrhage identification to surgical evaluation. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether this results in a clinical benefit.
Prevention of liver fibrosis and steatosis progression among heavy drinkers with and without 4 HIV after 30-day drinking-reduction program

32 Background: This is the first attempt to assess changes in liver abnormalities before and after 33 contingency management (CM) to reduce heavy drinking beyond 30-days of follow-up. 34 Objective: The main objective was to determine whether liver fibrosis and steatosis, measured 35 using FibroScan, change significantly between baseline, 30-days, and 90-days among older 36 adults who drink heavily at baseline, enrolled in the CM intervention for alcohol reduction. The 37 secondary aim of the study was to assess whether the changes in liver outcome measures differ 38 across alcohol consumption categories. 39 Methods: A prospective study (ClinicalTrials.gov registry: NCT03353701) of 46 older adults 40 (63% male, 76.1% Black, mean age = 56.4) with heavy drinking at the baseline, living with or 41 without HIV infection was evaluated. A linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze the 42 FibroScan Transient Elastography (TE for fibrosis) and Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP 43 for steatosis). 44 Results: There were no significant changes in liver fibrosis and steatosis measures after 90-days 45 of drinking abstinence among heavy drinkers with or without stratified TE or CAP values at 46 baseline. 47 Conclusions: CM for drinking reduction may not be effective at least short-term prospective in 48 preventing liver fibrosis and steatosis progression for subjects without severe liver disease at 49 baseline. 50 51 52 53 54 55 56
Measuring the Appropriateness of Multiple-Choice Test Scores

A student may be so atypical and unlike other students that his or her aptitude test score fails to be a completely appropriate measure of his or her relative ability. We consider the problem of using the student’s pattern of multiplechoice aptitude test answers to decide whether his or her score is an appropriate ability measure. Several indicators of appropriateness are formulated and evaluated with a simulation of theScholastic Aptitude Test. Applications to investigations of alignment errors, exceptional creativity, suboptimal test taking strategies, and unauthorized access to test items are noted.
Fully voltage-controlled electrohydrodynamic jet printing of conductive silver tracks with a sub-100 μm linewidth

Silver microtracks with excellent electrical functionality were created by electrohydrodynamic jet (e-jet) printing of commercial metallo-organic ink. Novel e-jet printing was performed in a fully voltage-controlled fashion. By using a 20 μm nozzle and reducing the printing distance to 50 μm, metallic tracks with a sub-100 μm linewidth were successfully achieved on Si substrates. The physical properties of the printed tracks were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectrum analysis, and electrical measurements. A low resistivity in the range (2–4)×10−8 Ω m, 1.7–2.4 times of the theoretical value of silver, was obtained for the printed microtracks. A uniform fine track with a 35 μm feature size was produced by pulsed jet printing operating at low voltage, and a drop-on-demand capability of ∼7 pl/drop was estimated.
New theoretical model based on the application of the energy conservation principle for erbium-doped silica fibre lasers

A new theoretical model based on the standard-model equations but ensuring conservation of energy by accounting for the optical powers stored in the laser cavity is presented. This model succeeds in grouping two sorts of previous models: those based on standard equations and those based on conservation of number of photons. Furthermore, it provides a more complete quantitative description of EDSFLs (erbium-doped silica fibre lasers) and also improves the qualitative description of these devices by including the spontaneous emission terms and by determining the optical powers involved as well as the oscillation wavelength. The possibility of solving the EDSFL system including the power modal distribution within the fibre is also considered. Finally, a detailed comparison between this model and the models proposed by other authors is shown, where it is proved that the new model describes much better the behaviour of EDSFLs.
Investigation of apoptotic and autophagic effects of chronic roflumilast use on testicular tissue in rats by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence methods

Objective(s): The present study aims to determine how various dosages of chronic roflumilast affect testicular tissue and testosterone levels in healthy rats. Materials and Methods: Biochemical tests, along with histopathological, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence studies, were carried out. Results: Loss of tissue in the seminiferous epithelium, degeneration in the interstitial area, a separation between cells, desquamation, interstitial edema, and degenerative alterations in testicular tissue were observed in roflumilast groups when compared with the other groups. While apoptosis and autophagy were statistically negligible in the control and sham groups, the roflumilast groups had significantly higher apoptotic and autophagic alterations, as well as immunopositivity. Serum testosterone levels in the 1 mg/kg roflumilast group were lower than those in the control, sham, and 0.5 mg/kg roflumilast groups. Conclusion: Analyses of the research findings revealed that continuous usage of the broad-spectrum active component roflumilast exerted unfavorable effects on the testicular tissue and testosterone levels of rats.
Modeling Study of a Tropical Squall-Type Convective Line

Abstract A multidimensional and time-dependent cloud scale model is used to investigate the dynamic and micro-physical processes associated with convective and stratiform regions within a tropical squall-type convective line. The evolution of the total convective and stratiform portions of rainfall is also estimated by using model output. A three-dimensional version of the model covers a horizontal domain about 96 × 96 km2. Frequently, the horizontal extent of an observed stratiform region is over a few hundred kilometers. Therefore, a two-dimensional version of the model with a 512 km horizontal length is also used to incorporate a complete stratiform region. Two-dimensional model result recapture many interesting features as observed. In particular, the fractional portion of stratiform rain as well as its fractional area coverage are in good agreement with observations. A significant amount of ice particles melted to rain near the freezing level in the trailing part of the modeled squall system during i.
Uncertainties in experiments on strongly-coupled vacuum field modification of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in solids

We discuss recent experiments in which fine particles of the organic superconductor Rb$_3$C$_{60}$ or the cuprate superconductor YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+x}$ are held in a polystyrene film that is spin-coated on to a silicon substrate with or without an intervening gold, or another inert metallic layer. From SQUID magnetisation data for Rb$_3$C$_{60}$ there appears to be a striking and completely unexpected increase in the superconducting transition temperature from $30$ to $45$~K, which is ascribed to coupling between the electrons in the superconductor and vacuum fluctuations in the electromagnetic field just above the metallic film. We argue that this could be a non-intrinsic effect associated with the presence of solid oxygen in the Pyrex sample tube. We suggest that the ferromagnetic SQUID signal observed for YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+x}$ particles in polystyrene could be attributed to ferromagnetic particles or magnetic clusters of unknown origin.
Propagating topological transformations in thin immiscible bilayer films

A physical mechanism for the topological transformation of a two-layer system confined by two substrates is proposed. Initially the two horizontal layers, A and B, are on top of each other, but upon a sufficiently large disturbance, they can rearrange themselves through a spontaneously propagating sectioning to create a sequence of vertical alternating domains ABABAB. This generic topological transformation could be used to control the morphology of fabricated nanocomposites by first creating metastable layered structures and then triggering their transformation. The generality is underscored by formulating conditions for this topological transformation in terms of the interface energies between phases and substrates. The theoretical estimate for the width of the domains is confirmed by simulations of a phase-field model and its thin-film/sharp-interface approximation.
SMPC Task Decomposition: A Theory for Accelerating Secure Multi-party Computation Task

Today, we are in the era of big data, and data are becoming more and more important, especially private data. Secure Multi-party Computation (SMPC) technology enables parties to perform computing tasks without revealing original data. However, the underlying implementation of SMPC is too heavy, such as garbled circuit (GC) and oblivious transfer(OT). Every time a piece of data is added, the resources consumed by GC and OT will increase a lot. Therefore, it is unacceptable to process large-scale data in a single SMPC task. In this work, we propose a novel theory called SMPC Task Decomposition (SMPCTD), which can securely decompose a single SMPC task into multiple SMPC sub-tasks and multiple local tasks without leaking the original data. After decomposition, the computing time, memory and communication consumption drop sharply. We then decompose three machine learning (ML) SMPC tasks using our theory and implement them based on a hybrid protocol framework called ABY. Furthermore, we use incremental computation technique to expand the amount of data involved in these three SMPC tasks. The experimental results show that after decomposing these three SMPC tasks, the time, memory and communication consumption are not only greatly reduced, but also stabilized within a certain range.
M-L2O: Towards Generalizable Learning-to-Optimize by Test-Time Fast Self-Adaptation

Learning to Optimize (L2O) has drawn increasing attention as it often remarkably accelerates the optimization procedure of complex tasks by ``overfitting"specific task type, leading to enhanced performance compared to analytical optimizers. Generally, L2O develops a parameterized optimization method (i.e., ``optimizer") by learning from solving sample problems. This data-driven procedure yields L2O that can efficiently solve problems similar to those seen in training, that is, drawn from the same ``task distribution". However, such learned optimizers often struggle when new test problems come with a substantially deviation from the training task distribution. This paper investigates a potential solution to this open challenge, by meta-training an L2O optimizer that can perform fast test-time self-adaptation to an out-of-distribution task, in only a few steps. We theoretically characterize the generalization of L2O, and further show that our proposed framework (termed as M-L2O) provably facilitates rapid task adaptation by locating well-adapted initial points for the optimizer weight. Empirical observations on several classic tasks like LASSO and Quadratic, demonstrate that M-L2O converges significantly faster than vanilla L2O with only $5$ steps of adaptation, echoing our theoretical results. Codes are available in https://github.com/VITA-Group/M-L2O.
Elastic Constants of Sputtered ZnO Films

The elastic constants of ZnO films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering on A1203 and Si substrates heve been determined through an ultrasonic investigation technique. The experimental procedure followed relies on measurement of the phase velocity of a spectrum of acoustic modes propagating along the layered structure. The effective elastic constants of the film are those which minimize the standard deviation of the experimental values of the phase velocities from the theoretical ones. Measurements were performed on films of different thickness in the range 3-17pm, deposited on both Z-cut A1 0 and (001) -cut Si substrates. The values obtained for the elastic constants are appreciably lower than those of the bulk material and slightly depend on the film thickness and on the substrate. They have shown to apply to a good approximation to films of thickness of a few tenths of a micron whose elastic properties were investigatated by Brillouin scattering techniques. 23
AdaSAM: Boosting Sharpness-Aware Minimization with Adaptive Learning Rate and Momentum for Training Deep Neural Networks

Sharpness aware minimization (SAM) optimizer has been extensively explored as it can generalize better for training deep neural networks via introducing extra perturbation steps to flatten the landscape of deep learning models. Integrating SAM with adaptive learning rate and momentum acceleration, dubbed AdaSAM, has already been explored empirically to train large-scale deep neural networks without theoretical guarantee due to the triple difficulties in analyzing the coupled perturbation step, adaptive learning rate and momentum step. In this paper, we try to analyze the convergence rate of AdaSAM in the stochastic non-convex setting. We theoretically show that AdaSAM admits a O(1/bT) convergence rate, which achieves linear speedup property with respect to mini-batch size b. Specifically, to decouple the stochastic gradient steps with the adaptive learning rate and perturbed gradient, we introduce the delayed second-order momentum term to decompose them to make them independent while taking an expectation during the analysis. Then we bound them by showing the adaptive learning rate has a limited range, which makes our analysis feasible. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to provide the non-trivial convergence rate of SAM with an adaptive learning rate and momentum acceleration. At last, we conduct several experiments on several NLP tasks and the synthetic task, which show that AdaSAM could achieve superior performance compared with SGD, AMSGrad, and SAM optimizers.
A multivariate Riesz basis of ReLU neural networks

We consider the trigonometric-like system of piecewise linear functions introduced recently by Daubechies, DeVore, Foucart, Hanin, and Petrova. We provide an alternative proof that this system forms a Riesz basis of $L_2([0,1])$ based on the Gershgorin theorem. We also generalize this system to higher dimensions $d>1$ by a construction, which avoids using (tensor) products. As a consequence, the functions from the new Riesz basis of $L_2([0,1]^d)$ can be easily represented by neural networks. Moreover, the Riesz constants of this system are independent of $d$, making it an attractive building block regarding future multivariate analysis of neural networks.
Cross calibration of gamma-ray detectors (GRD) of GECAM-C

The gamma-ray detectors (GRDs) of GECAM-C onborad SATech-01 satellite is designed to monitor gamma-ray transients all over the sky from 6 keV to 6 MeV. The energy response matrix is the key to do spectral measurements of bursts, which is usually generated from GEANT4 simulation and partially verified by the ground calibration. In this work, energy response matrix of GECAM-C GRD is cross-calibrated with Fermi/GBM and Swift/BAT using a sample of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) and Soft Gamma-Ray Repeaters (SGRs). The calibration results show there is a good agreement between GECAM-C and other reasonably well calibrated instrument (i.e. Fermi/GBM and Swift/BAT). We also find that different GRD detectors of GECAM-C also show consistency with each other. All these results indicate that GECAM-C GRD can provide reliable spectral measurements.
Uzbek text summarization based on TF-IDF

The volume of information is increasing at an incredible rate with the rapid development of the Internet and electronic information services. Due to time constraints, we don't have the opportunity to read all this information. Even the task of analyzing textual data related to one field requires a lot of work. The text summarization task helps to solve these problems. This article presents an experiment on summarization task for Uzbek language, the methodology was based on text abstracting based on TF-IDF algorithm. Using this density function, semantically important parts of the text are extracted. We summarize the given text by applying the n-gram method to important parts of the whole text. The authors used a specially handcrafted corpus called"School corpus"to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed approach is effective in extracting summaries from Uzbek language text and can potentially be used in various applications such as information retrieval and natural language processing. Overall, this research contributes to the growing body of work on text summarization in under-resourced languages.
On the Different Radio Source Populations in the Butcher-Oemler Clusters Abell 2125 and 2645

The Abell clusters 2125 and 2645 have different radio source populations, despite being very similar in richness (Abell class 4) and redshift (∼0.25). The number density of radio sources in Abell 2125 is almost an order of magnitude more than that in Abell 2645, based on observations to the same optical and radio luminosities of the two clusters. About 30% of the radio sources in Abell 2125 shows signs of star formation, with the largest concentration of them in the southwest clump 2 Mpc from the cluster center. There is a bimodal distribution of Abell 2125 members in radio luminosity, with the majority below a spectral luminosity at 20 cm of 1023 W Hz-1. This entire low-luminosity class of galaxies is absent in Abell 2645. Based on earlier observations, the blue galaxy fractions in Abell 2125 and Abell 2645 are known to be 0.19 and 0.03, respectively. Most of the blue galaxies responsible for the Butcher-Oemler effect in Abell 2125 were not detected in radio to a 20 cm luminosity limit of 1.4 × 1022 W Hz-1. The current supernova rate in these blue galaxies is unlikely to be more than a few times the current Galactic supernova rate. The different dynamical states of the two clusters might be responsible for the differences in the radio source populations observed in these two clusters, as well as the Butcher-Oemler effect.
CoMesh: Fully-Decentralized Control for Sense-Trigger-Actuate Routines in Edge Meshes

While mesh networking for edge settings (e.g., smart buildings, farms, battlefields, etc.) has received much attention, the layer of control over such meshes remains largely centralized and cloud-based. This paper focuses on applications with sense-trigger-actuate (STA) workloads -- these are similar to the abstraction of routines popular in smart homes, but applied to larger-scale edge IoT deployments. We present CoMesh, which tackles the challenge of building local, non-cloud, and decentralized solutions for control of sense-trigger-actuate applications. At its core CoMesh uses an abstraction called k-groups to spread in a fine-grained way, the load of STA actions. Coordination within the k-group uses selective fast and cheap mechanisms rather than expensive off-the-shelf solutions. k-group selection is proactively dynamic, and occurs by using a combination of zero-message-exchange mechanisms (to reduce load) and locality sensitive hashing (to be aware of physical layout of devices). We analyze and theoretically prove the safety of CoMesh's mechanisms. Our evaluations using both simulation and Raspberry Pi lab deployments show that CoMesh is load-balanced, fast, and fault-tolerant.
A limiting model for a low Reynolds number swimmer with N passive elastic arms

We consider a low Reynolds number artificial swimmer that consists of an active arm followed by $ N $ passive springs separated by spheres. This setup generalizes an approach proposed in Montino and DeSimone, Eur. Phys. J. E, vol. 38, 2015. We further study the limit as the number of springs tends to infinity and the parameters are scaled conveniently, and provide a rigorous proof of the convergence of the discrete model to the continuous one. Several numerical experiments show the performances of the displacement in terms of the frequency or the amplitude of the oscillation of the active arm.