Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cutting the long branches: Consilience as a path to unearth the evolutionary history of Gnetales

The Gnetales are one of the most fascinating groups within seed plants. Although the advent of molecular phylogenetics has generated some confidence in their phylogenetic placement of Gnetales within seed plants, their macroevolutionary history still presents many unknowns. Here, we review the reasons for such unknowns, and we focus the discussion on the presence of “long branches” both in their molecular and morphological history. The increased rate of molecular evolution and genome instability as well as the numerous unique traits (both reproductive and vegetative) in the Gnetales have been obstacles to a better understanding of their evolution. Moreover, the fossil record of the Gnetales, though relatively rich, has not yet been properly reviewed and investigated using a phylogenetic framework. Despite these apparent blocks to progress we identify new avenues to enable us to move forward. We suggest that a consilience approach, involving different disciplines such as developmental genetics, paleobotany, molecular phylogenetics, and traditional anatomy and morphology might help to “break” these long branches, leading to a deeper understanding of this mysterious group of plants.
Protein-protein interactions in plant antioxidant defense

The regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in plants is ensured by mechanisms preventing their over accumulation, and by diverse antioxidants, including enzymes and nonenzymatic compounds. These are affected by redox conditions, posttranslational modifications, transcriptional and posttranscriptional modifications, Ca2+, nitric oxide (NO) and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Recent knowledge about protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of antioxidant enzymes advanced during last decade. The best-known examples are interactions mediated by redox buffering proteins such as thioredoxins and glutaredoxins. This review summarizes interactions of major antioxidant enzymes with regulatory and signaling proteins and their diverse functions. Such interactions are important for stability, degradation and activation of interacting partners. Moreover, PPIs of antioxidant enzymes may connect diverse metabolic processes with ROS scavenging. Proteins like receptor for activated C kinase 1 may ensure coordination of antioxidant enzymes to ensure efficient ROS regulation. Nevertheless, PPIs in antioxidant defense are understudied, and intensive research is required to define their role in complex regulation of ROS scavenging.
Health systems strengthening through policy-level integration of community health worker programs into national health systems for improved health outcomes - scorecard metrics validation: A bifactor structural equation model approach

Background Subsequent to the demonstrated potential of community health workers (CHWs) in strengthening health systems to improve health outcomes, recent literature has defined context and guidelines for integrating CHW programs into mainstream health systems. However, quantitative measures for assessing the extent of CHW program integration into national health systems need to be developed. The purpose of this study was to validate a newly developed scale, Community Health Worker Program Integration Scorecard Metrics (CHWP-ISM), for assessing the degree of integration of CHW programs into national health systems in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods Data obtained through a pilot study involving a purposively selected sample of 41 participants selected from populations involved in CHW programs work in selected countries of SSA formed the basis of a 31-item bifactor model. Data were collected between June and December 2019. By applying a latent variable approach implemented with structural equation modeling, data analysis was mainly done using the R statistical environment, applying factor analysis procedures. Results Dimensionality, construct validity, and the CHWP-ISM scale's internal consistency were assessed. Confirmatory factor analysis of the CHW-ISM bifactor model supported a co-occurring CHW integration general factor and six unique domain-specific factors. Both the comparative fit index (CFI) and Tucker–Lewis Index (TLI) fit indices were above 0.9, while the root mean square of the residuals (RMSR) was 0.02. Cronbach's alpha (α), Guttman 6 (Lambda 6), and Omega total (ωt) were above 0.8, indicating good scale reliability. Conclusion Statistical significance of the bifactor model suggests that CHW integration has to be examined using factors that reflect a single common underlying integration construct, as well as factors that reflect unique variances for the identified six subject-specific domains. The validated CHWP-ISM could be useful to inform policy advisers, health systems, donors, non-governmental organizations, and other CHW program stakeholders with guidance on how to quantitatively assess the integration status of different components of CHW programs into respective critical functions of the health system. Improved integration could increase CHW program functionality, which could in turn strengthen the healthcare systems to improve health outcomes in the region.
Next-Gen Pure Function Synthesis

OutSystems is a low-code platform that allows users to create their applications through graphical interfaces instead of hand-coded computer programming. However, in the OutSystems platform, business logic is implemented through action flows, a graph that illustrates the intended logic, which requires the user to think like a traditional developer when implementing such flows leaving one desiring to automate it. In this work, we seek to extend previous work of automating logical flows in the OutSystems platform, increasing the performance and allowing more complex operations and domains. More specifically, the goal is to add support for synthesizing list manipulations and data aggregation on the OutSystems platform. The solution focuses on pure function synthesizing using programming by example as the specification method and the search technique is a combination of sketch enumeration and satisfiability modulo theories.
Efficient Image Matching Algorithm Using Distance Transform and Particle Swarm Optimization

Correspondence estimation is one of the fundamental challenges in computer vision lying in the core of many problems, from stereo and motion analysis to object recognition. The direct matching method would computer the fitness for every pixel in the resolution space and it would sensitive to illumination change and other change. For the image attained by distance transformation can weaken the bad influence under geometric distortion and edge change, and have the ability to resistant inversion. The PSO algorithm supports parallel search of multiple points that are changed along a smooth trajectory within the search space. The paper applied distance transformation and PSO to image matching and the experiment results showed that comparing with the traditional direct matching, the method of the paper is not sensitive to illumination change and drastically reduced the required computation time.
ESTIMATION OF VARIOUS HUMAN EMOTIONS USING LIGHTWEIGHT FNIRS DEVICE

We previously proposed a method for estimating pleasant and unpleasant emotions with high accuracy using only total hemoglobin data measured with a lightweight functional near infrared spectroscopy device. In this study, we used the method to evaluate the accuracy of estimating 20 types of emotions selected as uniformly distributed emotions in Russell’s circumplex model. We first divided the 20 types of emotions into four groups, corresponding to the four quadrants of Russell’s circumplex model and evaluated the estimation accuracy of each quadrant. The results indicate that the activation quadrant was estimated with high accuracy when the emotion was strongly aroused, with 76.7% recall for the pleasant–activation quadrant and 72.2% recall for the unpleasant–activation quadrant. We then evaluated the estimation accuracy of the 20 emotions individually. The results indicate that “excited” and “lethargic” were estimated with high accuracy, with 73.3% recall for “excited” and 61.5% recall for “lethargic,” and recall of “excited” improved to 80% when the emotion was strongly aroused. The results of this study indicate that the more strongly emotions included in activation quadrant in Russell’s circumplex model are aroused, the more accurately they can be classified. “Excited” and “lethargic” could be estimated with high accuracy regardless of the degree of emotional arousal.
Understanding the Opioid Epidemic: Human-Based Versus Algorithmic-Based Perceptions, Treatments, and Guidelines

As a major public health crisis, the opioid epidemic caused over 556,000 deaths in the U.S. between 2000 and 2020. To control the epidemic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed some general guidelines, encouraging physicians to use opioid medications only when their benefits outweigh their risks. The CDC’s 2016 guidelines mainly left it to physicians to decide when the benefits outweigh the risks. A few years later (in 2022), the CDC made some modifications to make its recommendations a bit less reliant on each individual physician’s perception of benefits versus risks. In complex and high stake decision-making environments such as those pertaining the use of opioid medications, it is not clear whether and how human-based perceptions might differ from algorithmic-based ones. In this study, we first develop some longitudinal machine learning algorithms (e.g., historical random forest, recurrent neural networks, and long short-term memory networks) and train them on clinical evidence of more than 3 million patients. We then feed the best machine learning algorithm to a mathematical model that enables determining cost-effective treatments for each patient in a personalized manner. Through extensive numerical experiments, we compare the treatment options and recommendations from our algorithmic-based approach with human-based ones that are currently followed in the medical practice. Compared to the human-based approach, our results show that the average saving in quality-adjusted life years and costs obtained by following our algorithmic-based treatments are about 2.82 days and $ 461.46 per patient per year. Finally, we make use of our findings and generate insights for policymakers as well as individual physicians into better ways of managing opioid prescriptions (and hence, the opioid epidemic) by incorporating and interacting with our algorithmic-based approach.
Running Head: Phylogeography of hybridizing beardtongues 1 2 Title: Phylogeographic analysis of shrubby beardtongues reveals range expansions during the 3 Last Glacial Maximum and implicates the Klamath Mountains as a hotspot for hybridization

: 24 Quaternary glacial cycles often altered species’ geographic distributions, which in turn 25 altered the geographic structure of a species’ genetic diversity. In many cases, glacial expansion 26 forced species in temperate climates to contract their ranges and reside in small pockets of 27 suitable habitat (refugia), where they were likely to interact closely with other species, setting the 28 stage for potential gene exchange. These introgression events, in turn, would have degraded 29 species boundaries, making the inference of phylogenetic relationships challenging. Using high- 30 throughput sequence data, we employ a combination of species distribution models, models of 31 demographic history, and hybridization tests to assess the effect of glaciation on the geographic 32 distributions, phylogenetic relationships, and patterns of gene flow of five species of Penstemon 33 subgenus Dasanthera , long-lived shrubby angiosperms distributed throughout the Pacific 34 Northwest of North America. Surprisingly, we find that rather than reducing their ranges to small 35 refugia, most Penstemon subgenus Dasanthera species experienced increases in suitable habitat 36 during the Last Glacial Maximum. We also find substantial evidence for gene exchange between 37 species, with the bulk of introgression events occurring in or near the Klamath Mountains of 38 southwestern Oregon and northwestern California. Subsequently, our phylogenetic inference 39 reveals blurred taxonomic boundaries in the Klamath Mountains, where introgression is most 40 prevalent. Our results question the classical paradigm of temperate species’ responses to 41 glaciation, and highlight the importance of contextualizing phylogenetic inference with the 42 demographic histories of the species of interest. 43 44 45 46
ARTÍCULO EN AVANCE ON LINE Compressive behaviour of steel-fibre reinforced concrete in Annex L of new Eurocode 2

This paper describes the model for the compressive stress-strain behaviour of steel-ﬁbre reinforced concrete (SFRC) in Annex L of the new Eurocode 2 (CEN, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures. Part 1-1: General rules – Rules for buildings, bridges and civil structures, prEN 1992-1-1: 2022; EC2 in short), developed within CEN TC250/SC2/WG1/TG2 – Fiber reinforced concrete. The model uses functions obtained from correlations with an extensive database comprised of 197 well-documented SFRC compressive tests and 484 ﬂexural tests. We detailedly explain the model and derive
Instructional Systems Design and the Diffusion and Adoption of Technology

The invention and development of eXtended reality (XR) technology hardware and software applications can be traced back through many decades. The distribution of an open source programming kit for augmented reality (AR) in 1999, developments in computer and smartphone capabilities that increase device access as well as computing and graphics capabilities, and the release of several consumer-priced AR and virtual reality (VR) head-mounted displays in 2016 led to a surge in the development and adoption of XR application in gaming and entertainment (Elmqaddem, 2019). Sales of AR and VR technology continue to climb (BCC Research, 2018). Most of the expenditures for XR technology are for gaming and military applications (Stevens, 2017), but the education market is the
Cognitive Demands Influence Drop Jump Performance and Relationships With Leg Stiffness in Healthy Young Adults

Abstract Holmes, HH, Downs Talmage, JL, Neely, KA, and Roper, JA. Cognitive demands influence drop jump performance and relationships with leg stiffness in healthy young adults. J Strength Cond Res 37(1): 74–83, 2023—Sports-relevant cognition influences neuromuscular control and sports performance. This study assessed the influence of cognition on (a) drop jump performance and (b) commonly researched relationships between lower extremity stiffness, ground contact time (GCT), peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), and leg deformation. Active adults (n = 33, 13 men, 20 women, 21 ± 2 years, height = 1.71 ± 0.81 m, body mass = 70.5 ± 10.6 kg) participated in decisions to perform drop jumps or lands of a 30-cm box in 4 conditions: (a) standard, explicit instructions; (b) choice, internally driven decisions; and (c and d) visual and audio, external visual or audio cues reducing time for motor planning. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Ground contact time with audio (M ± SD: 0.62 ± 0.14 seconds) and visual cues (0.59 ± 0.10 seconds) was longer than standard instructions (0.54 ± 0.10 seconds). Standard condition jump height was higher (0.49 ± 0.10 m) than audio (0.435 ± 0.10 m) and choice (0.44 ± 0.09 m). Standard condition reactive strength index was higher (1.03 ± 0.35) than audio (0.76 ± 0.23), visual (0.82 ± 0.27), and choice (0.84 ± 0.33). Visual and audio conditions did not demonstrate significant relationships between leg stiffness and GCT, and relationships between vGRF and leg deformation were not significant with visual cues (p > 0.05). Cognition did not significantly change stiffness and vGRF, indicating alternative force strategies. Understanding how cognition influences performance can positively affect coaching practices, sports-specific assessments, and rehabilitation applications.
Using the Load-Velocity Profile for Predicting the 1RM of the Hexagonal Barbell Deadlift Exercise

Abstract Lopes dos Santos, M, Mann, JB, Berton, R, Alvar, B, Lockie, RG, and Dawes, JJ. Using the load-velocity profile for predicting the 1RM of the hexagonal barbell deadlift exercise. J Strength Cond Res 37(1): 220–223, 2023—The aim of this study was to determine whether bar velocity can be used to estimate the 1 repetition maximum (1RM) on the hexagonal bar deadlift (HBD). Twenty-two National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I male ice hockey players (age = 21.0 ± 1.5 years, height = 182.9 ± 7.3 cm, and body mass = 86.2 ± 7.3 kg) completed a progressive loading test using the HBD at maximum intended velocity to determine their 1RM. The mean concentric velocity was measured for each load through a linear position transducer. The a priori alpha level of significance was set at p = 0.05. The mean concentric velocity showed a very strong relationship to %1RM (R2 = 0.85). A nonsignificant difference and a trivial effect size (ES) were observed between the actual and predicted 1RM (p = 0.90, ES = −0.08). Near-perfect correlations were also discovered between the actual and predicted 1RM (R = 0.93) with low typical error and coefficient of variation (5.11 kg and 2.53%, respectively). This study presented results that add the HBD to the list of exercises with established load-velocity relationships. The predictive ability for 1RM HBD indicates that this is a viable means of prediction of 1RM.
Nanoscale MOSFET with Split-Gate Design for RF/Analog Application

Split-gate engineering has been studied to improve metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect-transistors (MOSFETs) down to the 45 nm regime, and it is shown that a properly designed split-gate device can improve both frequency performance and intrinsic gain for a wide range of channel lengths due to enhanced carrier transport and reduced short-channel effects. The relative gate length percentage in the split-gate device can optimize device performance based on cut-off frequency, intrinsic gain and threshold voltage considerations. Its output resistance behavior following drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) is studied; sidewall spacer width and substrate doping effect on device RF/analog performance are also discussed in this context.
Novel Flow Control Method for Vortex Shedding of Turbine Blade

Three-dimensional flow simulations through a turbine cascade were carried out for an exit isentropic Mach number of 0.79 and a Reynolds number of 2.8×106. The main objective is to increase the base pressure. Calculations were carried out using an in-house numerical code, where a 2nd order Roe’s flux-difference splitting for inviscid numerical fluxes, a 2nd order implicit dual time method for time integration, and Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation for turbulence were employed. The present idea to increase the base pressure is to connect the pressure and suction sides of the blade using microtubes distributed uniformly along the span on the trailing edge. Simulated results show that this modification does not affect the blade load, increases the base pressure by 0.7%, and decreases the overall loss by 3%.
Some inference procedures for monotonically ordered normal means

SUMMARY This paper determines a limiting distribution of the estimated maximum and range of a set of monotonically ordered normal means when all means are in fact equal. The upper percentiles of the studentized distributions are tabulated. These percentiles can be used as critical values in tests of hypotheses concerning monotonically ordered normal means, and in forming simultaneous confidence limits for contrasts between normal means when the contrast coefficients are restricted to being monotonically ordered.
Comments on Professor Putnam's Comments

Professor Putnam's comments [1] on David Sharp's paper [2], claiming to have discovered grave inconsistencies in the conceptual structure of quantum mechanics, evidently were not meant to be accepted at face value. The author surely realized that a contradiction as obvious as he claims to have found it, if real, would have been noticed by scores of physicists. Rather, we understand Professor Putnam's comments as a challenge to restate the theory of measurement in terms which do not use the mathematical formalism of quantum theory and to point to errors in his own argument. According to von Neumann [3] and to London and Bauer [4], who gave the most compact and the most explicit formulations of the conceptual structure of quantum mechanics, every measurement is an interaction between an object and an observer. The state of the object, if one has the maximum possible knowledge about it, can be described by a state vector (also called wave function, or, as by Professor Putnam, a state function). The object cannot be the whole universe because the observer, at least, is distinct from it. The object obeys the laws of motion (the so-called Schrddinger equation) as long as it is "eclosed, V that is, separated from the rest of the world. One can, and does, assume that this is the case during time intervals between measurements. It is evidently not true when a measurement takes place because the measurement is an interaction between the object and the observer. Hence, Professor Putnam's assumption 2 is not supportable in the form given in the text. On the other hand, if it is modified according to his footnote 1, pointing out that the object need not be the whole universe (as stated above, it cannot be the whole universe), one wonders how he arrived at conclusion 3, which states that "the whole universe never undergoes measurement" but which should read, if the footnote is taken into account, "the system which consists of an object and a measuring apparatus never undergoes measurement. " This conclusion is, in our opinion, in error. In fact, if one wants to ascertain the result of the measurement, one has to observe the measuring apparatus, i.e., carry out a measurement on it. The chain of transmission of information from the object to the consciousness of the observer may consist of several steps and one may pursue these steps to a greater or smaller extent. One cannot follow the transmission of information to the very end, i.e., into the consciousness of the observer, because present-day physics is not applicable to the consciousness. This point, which may be unpleasant from the point of view of certain philosophies, has been clearly recognized by both von Neumann and by London and Bauer.
Electric field spectrum and intensity covariance of a wave in a random medium

Numerical results are presented for the effect of the strength of turbulence on the temporal frequency spectrum of a focussed beam propagating in a random medium having a von Karman spectrum for the index of refraction fluctuations. We also present a new theory for the normalized covariance BI(z, r) in the intensity fluctuations of a plane wave and find that forσ12 ≡ 1.23 k07/6 Cn2z11/6 » 1,B1 (z, R) ≃ (−11.2σ12R5/3) + (σ12)−2/5ƒ[R/(σ12)3/5] where k0 is the signal wave number, Cn2 is the refractive index structure constant, z is the path length, R = (k0/2πz)1/2r, and f3(···) is a function given in section 3. Note that the first term is sharply peaked about R = 0 and corresponds to the rapid drop-off in BI(R) observed experimentally. The second term varies very slowly with R and corresponds to the long tail of BI(R) seen in experiments. Unlike other theories this theory is completely self-contained, and does not involve the introduction of any arbitrary cut-off parameters.