Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Progress in Monitoring and Simulation of Soil Moisture

As known to all, variance of soil water not only has great impact on regional hydro, but also influences climate greatly through vegetation and soil. Monitoring and simulation of soil moisture are important basis of land sustainable use, planning and management of water re- sources and water-saving technique in agriculture. Therefore, soil water has been up to the a-genda in the Global Soil Wetness Project, and become one of the focuses in the study of Global Climate Change. A critical review on soil moisture monitoring, spatial variability and simulation was carried out in this paper.As a result, it can be concluded that "3S"techniques including Geographical Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), and Global Position System (GPS) have played an important role in the monitoring soil moisture.The pre-processing, communicating and mining for soil moisture data have been timely dealt with by computer networks in some developed countries.However, many developing countries include China failed to do that.The Geo-statistics theory has already been extensively employed to analyze the spatial pattern and variability of soil moisture, but most existed researches have been done in the fine and small scales, and few researches in coarse scales.After analyzing advantages and disadvantages of the established models for simulating soil moisture, we proposed that integrated non-parameter models should be established to simulate soil moisture by combining "3S" techniques and Geo-statistics theory . This paper is attempts to probe into the study of monitoring and simulating soil moisture and summarize the methods and approaches used in the soil water research, which may be helpful for improving the relevant study in China.
Ocean response and feedback to tropical cyclones in the South Pacific: processes and climatology

Tropical cyclone (TC)-ocean interactions are essential for cyclone formation and evolution. Surface cooling is observed in the cyclone wake and is expected to exert a negative feedback to the storm intensity. This thesis provide a quantification of the ocean response and its feedback using a coupled regional model of the southwest Pacific developed for present climate long-term simulations at mesoscale resolution which are requested to separate robust features from anecdotic effects. The results highlight the neglected role of three-dimensional dynamics in the ocean and the atmosphere and tend to contradict the extreme estimations made from simple theoretical models. Previous estimates that neglect the upwelling process and ocean warm anomaly re-emergence by winter entrainment overestimate the local heat uptake by the ocean. The intensity distribution of TCs is significantly affected by the cold wake but the feedback of SST cooling to storm intensity is of moderate amplitude, compared with theoretical models based on thermodynamic arguments. Actually, our analyses contradict the direct thermodynamic control of TC intensification by surface moisture fluxes in favor of a storm-scale dynamic control. In addition, regional oceanography has a large impact on coupling. It is stronger in the Coral Sea that has shallow mixed layer and numerous eddies but extremely weak in the warm pool that has deep mixed layer, thick barrier layer and no mesoscale activity.
The Crustal Thickness of the Philippine Sea Plate Derived from Gravity Data

We constructed a new free-air gravity anomaly map of the Philippine Sea Plate (PSP) using ship-tracked gravity data from the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC). Our results show that the isogals trend correlates well with the tectonic structures in the PSP. After removing the gravity induced by sea water from the free-air gravity data, we obtained the regional Bouguer gravity anomaly, which is later used to compute the Moho geometry in the PSP by applying the Parker-Oldenburg iterative method. Our results indicate that in the southern part of the West Philippine Basin (WPB) the crustal thickness is nearly homogeneous with a value of about 5 km, which implies that the WPB is quite stable. The low-amplitude and near-zero free-air gravity anomalies clearly indicate that the whole WPB, except at trenches and island arcs, is nearly in a state of isostatic equilibrium. The average crustal thickness of the Palau Kyushu Ridge (PKR) is more than 10 km. In the eastern PSP the crustal thickness gradually increases eastward. Our results also imply that a relatively thin and low density mantle exists beneath the Parece Vela Basin (PVB) as a consequence of back-arc spreading and serpentinized upwells of the thin crustal thickness.
Chicoric Acid Effectively Mitigated Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Colitis in BALB/c Mice by Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites

Chicoric acid (CA) has been reported to exhibit biological activities; it remains unclear, however, whether CA could regulate colitis via modulation of the gut microbiota and metabolites. This study aimed to assess CA’s impact on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, the gut microbiota, and metabolites. Mice were induced with 2.5% DSS to develop colitis over a 7-day period. CA was administered intragastrically one week prior to DSS treatment and continued for 14 days. The microbial composition in the stool was determined using 16S rRNA sequencing, while non-targeted metabolomics was employed to analyze the metabolic profiles of each mouse group. The results show that CA effectively alleviated colitis, as evidenced by an increased colon length, lowered disease activity index (DAI) and histological scores, and decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression levels. CA intervention restored the structure of gut microbiota. Specifically, it decreased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Cyanobacteria at the phylum level and Bacteroides, Rosiarcus, and unclassified Xanthobacteraceae at the genus level, and increased the abundance of unclassified Lachnospiraceae at the genus level. Metabolomic analysis revealed that CA supplementation reversed the up-regulation of asymmetric dimethylarginine, N-glycolylneuraminic acid, and N-acetylneuraminic acid, as well as the down-regulation of phloroglucinol, thiamine, 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol, lithocholic acid, and oxymatrine induced by DSS. Our current research provides scientific evidence for developing CA into an anti-colitis functional food ingredient. Further clinical trials are warranted to elucidate the efficacy and mechanism of CA in treating human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Cross-Lingual Sentiment Analysis: Comparative Study of Opinion Expression Across Different Languages

Understanding the interconnectedness of the Jordanian language, culture, and emotion is the purpose of this research. To accomplish this objective, the study employs cross-lingual sentiment analysis, a method that permits a comprehensive examination of the subject. By employing this analysis method, the study aims to offer a deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between culture, language, and emotion in Jordan. Comparing the manners in which speakers of Arabic and English express emotion in their respective languages was the primary objective of this study. The findings of this research shed light on the intricate relationship between the selection of a language and one's cultural identity, illustrating how this dynamic substantially influences the emotional landscape. This inquiry showcases the substantial impact of linguistic relativity and the inherent emotional intensity inscribed in language through the disclosure of a substantial increase in sentiment ratings for posts written in the English language. The results of this research further demonstrate the significance of the influence of linguistic imperialism on the social classification of feelings. The findings above offer significant insights into the complex dynamics between language, culture, and emotion within a heterogeneous and multicultural society.
Spring foraging behaviour and diet of released pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in the United Kingdom

Sur de nombreux terrains de chasse du Royaume-Uni, on compte beaucoup sur les lâchers de faisans communs, Phasianus colchicus, d'elevage de fin d'ete pour avoir du gibier a chasser. Toutefois, au printemps qui suit le lâcher, le succes de la reproduction des poules faisanes d'elevage se revele etre bien moindre que celui des poules faisanes sauvages. Ce phenomene pourrait s'expliquer par l'incapacite qu'auraient les oiseaux d'elevage a identifier les items alimentaires naturels, ou par l'absence des aliments necessaires sur le terrain. Dans la litterature americaine, il est indique que, lorsqu'elles sont disponibles, les cereales constituent un composant important du regime alimentaire du faisan. Dans cette etude, les feuilles de monocotyledone ont represente, en moyenne, 87 % des fragments presents dans les feces de faisans d'elevage, prelevees sur une zone d'agriculture intensive pres de Salisbury dans le Wiltshire, au Royaume-Uni, entre les mois d'avril et de juin 1994-1995. Les oiseaux ont ete approvisionnes en ble, Triticum aestivum, a l'aide d'agrainoirs places en lisiere de bois, sur des parcelles experimentales. Sur ces parcelles, la proportion moyenne de fragments de monocotyledones dans les feces etait de 45 % de l'ensemble des fragments et celle de teguments de grains de ble de 45 %, alors que ces proportions etaient de 87 % et 0,5 % respectivement sur des parcelles temoins. Des observations faites a l'aube ont revele que les poules faisanes qui ont eu du ble comme aliment de complement ont passe moins de temps a chercher de la nourriture, et sont restees plus pres des bords des champs, que les poules dans les zones temoins. La taille moyenne (de 3 a 5 ha) des domaines vitaux diurnes, calculees par la methode de la moyenne harmonique de 95 %, des poules faisanes radio-pistees dans la zone avec agrainage n'a pas ete differente de celle des domaines en zone temoin (n = 24 pour chaque zone). L'approvisionnement en grains de ble, qui apporte une grande quantite d'energie metabolisable, semble permettre aux poules faisanes de couvrir leurs besoins nutritifs journaliers plus rapidement que ne le permet un regime non enrichi.
Biomolecular profiles of Arctic sea-ice diatoms highlight the role of under-ice light in cellular energy allocation

Abstract Arctic sea-ice diatoms fuel polar marine food webs as they emerge from winter darkness into spring. Through their photosynthetic activity they manufacture the nutrients and energy that underpin secondary production. Sea-ice diatom abundance and biomolecular composition vary in space and time. With climate change causing short-term extremes and long-term shifts in environmental conditions, understanding how and in what way diatoms adjust biomolecular stores with environmental perturbation is important to gain insight into future ecosystem energy production and nutrient transfer. Using synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, we examined the biomolecular composition of five dominant sea-ice diatom taxa from landfast ice communities covering a range of under-ice light conditions during spring, in Svalbard, Norway. In all five taxa, we saw a doubling of lipid and fatty acid content when light transmitted to the ice–water interface was >5% but <15% (85%–95% attenuation through snow and ice). We determined a threshold around 15% light transmittance after which biomolecular synthesis plateaued, likely because of photoinhibitory effects, except for Navicula spp. , which continued to accumulate lipids. Increasing under-ice light availability led to increased energy allocation towards carbohydrates, but this was secondary to lipid synthesis, whereas protein content remained stable. It is predicted that under-ice light availability will change in the Arctic, increasing because of sea-ice thinning and potentially decreasing with higher snowfall. Our findings show that the nutritional content of sea-ice diatoms is taxon-specific and linked to these changes, highlighting potential implications for future energy and nutrient supply for the polar marine food web.
Detection and modeling of depth discontinuities with lighting and viewpoint variation

Discontinuity modeling and detection has a long history in the field of computer vision, but most methods are of limited use because either they deal with intensity edges, which may not be informative regarding intrinsic object properties, or they attempt to detect discontinuities from noisy dense maps such as stereo or motion, which are particularly error-prone near discontinuities in depth (also known as depth edges or occluding contours). We propose to systematically vary imaging parameters (in particular illumination and viewpoint) in order to detect and analyze depth discontinuities in real-world scenes. We build on promising preliminary research on multi-flash imaging [85], which uses small baseline active illumination to label depth edges in images. We show that by varying illumination parameters (such as the spatial position, number, type, and wavelength of light sources), we are able to handle fundamental problems in depth edge detection, including multi-scale depth changes, specularities and motion. By combining active illumination with viewpoint variation, we provide a framework for robust depth-edge preserving stereo. We propose novel feature maps based on qualitative depth and occlusion analysis, which are useful priors for stereo. Based on these feature maps, we demonstrate enhanced local and global stereo algorithms which produce accurate results near depth discontinuities. Finally, we show the usefulness of our techniques in non-photorealistic rendering, with applications in comprehensible rendering, medical imaging and human facial illustrations. We also demonstrate the importance of depth contours in visual recognition, showing improved results on the problem of fingerspelling recognition.
Simplified remote measurement of three-dimensional surfaces : application for biomedical engineering

This work presents a novel noncontact technique for dynamic visualization and measurement of three-dimensional surfaces of moving boundaries for applications to biomedical studies. The simplicity of the method enables measurement of surfaces even when the optical path traverses through different media. The validity and accuracy of this new method is investigated on a known cylindrical phantom. A preliminary application to the study of a collapsible tube is demonstrated
Disability provokes poverty and vice versa, a review of the relationship

Abstract: Millions of people all over the world are affected by disability arising out of accident, disease, or congenital. This is a crucial health issue for mankind and needs structured treatment and rehabilitation plans. Prevalence and management capacity of disability have wide cross-cultural and geographical variations. Despite the lack of specific data there are reasons to believe that third-world countries have more disabilities and fewer resources and capacity for rehabilitation. So, there is a strong relationship between poverty and disability. Marginalized populations, disadvantaged or at-risk populations such as women, older people, and people who are poor are inappropriately affected by disability. Children from poverty-stricken families, indigenous populations, and ethnic minority groups are significantly at higher risk of experiencing disability. There is a higher prevalence of disability in lower-income countries than in higher-income countries. Poor people from lower-income countries are usually involved in high-risk jobs which make them vulnerable to injury and disability. Because of exaggerated life stress, poor health status, and poor living conditions due to poverty, people at low resource outset are more vulnerable to disease and disability. Of inadequate support from affluent persons as well as from the government, they spend their last savings to meet the treatment costs and get poorer. They are also common victims of road traffic accidents when they travel on risky roads and vehicles. There are many other shreds of evidence for a link between disability and poverty in low and middle-income countries and there is an urgent need for further research and policy action to break the cycle. This review article intends to find out the relationship between poverty and disability and reveals how poverty influences suffering disability and vice versa. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2024; 42: 63-67
Use Of Micronized Calcium Carbonate-Based Sunscreen on Young European Hazelnut (Corylus Avellana L.) in Commercial Nursery Under Environmental Stress Conditions During the Summer Period

Chile has become one of the main exporters of European hazelnuts in the world, mainly due to favorable edaphoclimatic conditions. Currently, due to the negative effects of climate change, ​​Chile has been suffering recurrent heat waves and droughts, which are damaging the productive efficiency of the European hazelnut. The present research proposes to evaluate the use of a sunscreen composed of micronized calcium carbonate, pinolene and lignosulfonate on young European hazelnut plants growing in a commercial nursery. In this study, the environmental conditions of heat stress observed during the summer months were evaluated. The results show statistically significant differences between treatments, in favor of plants treated with the sunscreen in at least one of the three months of evaluation. Thus, stomatal conductance (gs) showed increases of up to 29% compared to the control treatment, transpiration rate (Tr) increased by up to 25% and the net assimilation rate (an) increased by up to 18% compared to the control treatment without application. The use of sunscreen would increase the gas exchange of young European hazelnut plants, thus providing greater tolerance to conditions of high environmental temperature, promoting an increase in the production of photo-assimilates compared to untreated plants.
Carbon-isotope stratigraphy, biostratigraphy and organic matter distribution in the Aptian - Lower Albian successions of southwest Iran (Dariyan and Kazhdumi formations)

The lateral transition from carbonate platforms to intra-shelf basin in Aptian – Early Albian times is documented along a regional transect in the excellent exposures of the Zagros Mountains. An integrated dataset, including carbonate carbon-isotope curves, and ammonite and planktonic foraminifera biostratigraphy constrains the regional correlations, and forms the basis for an age revision of the Kazhdumi and Dariyan formations. Of particular importance in this study is the Kuh-e-Bangestan section, wherein a continuous succession of Aptian – Albian intra-shelf basinal deposits was used to erect a detailed ammonite and planktonic foraminifera biostratigraphic zonation scheme, in combination with a carbon-isotope curve and organic-matter measurements. Key observations are: (1) the oldest Kazhdumi intra-shelf deposits are of Early Aptian age (D. deshayesi Zone), indicating a timeequivalent initiation of the Kazhdumi and neighbouring intra-shelf Bab Basin. (2) The presence of well-developed organic matter-rich sediments in the N. nolani and H. jacobi zones is interpreted as equivalent to part of the OAE1b set. (3) The presence of an exceptionally well-developed Upper Aptian – Lower Albian succession (80 m thick) shows a clear positive carbon-isotope excursion and a faunal crisis, with the turn-over of the planktonic foraminifera assemblage (only small and low diversity Globigerinelloides and Hedbergellids) and the total absence of ammonites. A composite carbon-isotope curve is proposed based on sections measured in both the platform and basin settings. This curve deserves attention because it has an expanded Upper Aptian - Lower Albian section, which is well dated (ammonites, planktonic foraminifera and orbitolinids).
Remote treatment of developmental dyslexia: how ADHD comorbidity, clinical history and treatment repetition may affect its efficacy

Introduction Tachidino is a web-based platform for remote treatment of reading and spelling disorders. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible impact of different clinical conditions on the efficacy of treatment. The focus was on possible ADHD comorbidity-related effects on the outcomes of the Tachidino treatment, and the impact of previous treatments, such as speech and language therapy or the repetition of the same Tachidino program. Methods 136 children with developmental dyslexia received four-weeks treatment via the Tachidino platform. Improvements in reading and writing scores were compared between different subgroups. Results No gross differences emerged in treatment effectiveness between groups of children. Children receiving treatment improved significantly more than untreated children. Discussion Treatment with Tachidino brought significant benefits for all children, irrespective of comorbidity, clinical history or treatment repetition. Comparison with an untreated control group (waiting list) made it possible to exclude that improvement was due to test–retest learning effects.
Correlation and underlying brain mechanisms between rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and executive functions in Parkinson’s disease: an fNIRS study

Purpose Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) affects 30%–40% of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and has been linked to a higher risk of cognitive impairment, especially executive dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the brain activation patterns in PD patients with RBD (PD-RBD+) compared to those without RBD (PD-RBD−) and healthy controls (HCs), and to analyze the correlation between changes in cerebral cortex activity and the severity of RBD. Methods We recruited 50 PD patients, including 30 PD-RBD+, 20 PD-RBD−, and 20 HCs. We used functional near infrared spectroscopy during a verbal fluency task (VFT-fNIRS) and clinical neuropsychological assessment to explore the correlation between PD-RBD+ and executive function and changes in neural activity. Results The VFT-fNIRS analysis revealed a significant reduction in activation among PD-RBD+ patients across multiple channels when compared to both the PD-RBD− and HC groups. Specifically, PD-RBD+ patients exhibited diminished activation in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) relative to their PD-RBD− counterparts. Furthermore, compared to the HC group, PD-RBD+ patients displayed reduced activation specifically in the right DLPFC. Significantly, a noteworthy negative correlation was identified between the average change in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (ΔHbO2) in the right DLPFC of PD-RBD+ patients and the severity of their RBD. Conclusion Our study offers compelling evidence that RBD exacerbates cognitive impairment in PD, manifested as executive dysfunction, primarily attributed to reduced prefrontal activation. These aberrations in brain activation may potentially correlate with the severity of RBD.