Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organization Structures, Concurrent Engineering, and Computerized Enterprise Integration

Great competition in the contemporary manufacturing industry has resulted in companies taking a close look at their production prac tices. Increasing needs for higher productivity and better product quality is forcing manufacturers to reevaluate their production philosophy, and improve their product and manufacturing processes.Quick and correct decision making during product and manufacturing process development is the key for a company's success. In this paper, following the discussion of organizational structures and Concurrent Engineering (CE) requirements, an object-oriented window-based (OOWB) information framework is introduced for enhancing concurrent engineering decision making and organization integration. This framework at tempts to seamlessly and transparently connect product design, acquisition, manufacturing process development, and other various life-cycle support activities. In the framework, each activity is considered as an object and represented by a window. The OOWB information system f.
Evaluation Model of Decoy Effectiveness Based on Improved GA-BP Neural Network

When evaluating decoy effectiveness by means of BP neural network, training sometimes failed because of local extremum problem. The genetic algorithm neural network model for evaluating camouflage effectiveness of decoy is created for this purpose. Two steps of evaluating by this method is necessary and a series of index is put forward. After initializing weights and executing genetic operation, we finally retrain the network to get the results which show that the method has fast convergence and the model reliable, effective and objective. This paper is meaningful to camouflage theory and application.
High Performance Anisotropic Conductive Adhesives Using Copper Particles With an Anti-Oxidant Coating Layer

This paper describes the development and characterization of anisotropically conductive films (ACFs) incorporated with copper (Cu) particles as electrically conductive fillers for environmentally friendly, low cost, high electrical, and high thermal interconnect applications in microelectronics packaging. The Cu particle surface modification by a coupling agent and its effects on the electrical conductivity and thermal stability of Cu-filled ACF joints were investigated for the potential alternatives of conventional Au-coated polymer and Au-coated Ni-filled ACFs. The surface characteristics of a thin film of the coupling agent on copper surfaces such as element analysis, their hydrophobicity, and thermal stability were evaluated. The treated Cu ball-filled ACF showed the lowest contact resistance 1.0×10 -5 Ω, higher current carrying capability, and higher thermal stability of ACF joints compared with the conventional Au-coated polymer ball and Au-coated Ni ball-filled anisotropically conductive adhesives.
Design of a Real-Time Video-Fire-Detection System Based on DSP

Many methods of fire detection in video have been carried out on PC. Generally it needs long cables to transmit images and processes videos on computers. That system is too dependent on computers, and costs a lot using cables to transmission. We would rather use a portable device to detect fire, which will bring us much more convenience. This paper designed a portable system to detect fire using DSP. The system integrates video acquisition, image processing and fire alarm together in a circuit board. Then we develop algorithms to recognize fire, and transplant them into DSP. Finally put it into use after commissioning test. This portable system can work independently. Users can put into their requirements through user-interface, and system will output the fire pictures and alarm by wireless communication or internet. This system is applicable to various places, such as indoor and outdoor, large and open spaces, forest, etc.
Cost–Benefit Analysis of Added Cycling Facilities

Cycling is well acknowledged as one of the most energy-efficient and healthy modes of transport; walking follows closely. Many approaches and models have been devoted to finding ways to increase the proportion of bicycle trips. However, significant uncertainty exists about the level and effectiveness of added cycling facilities. Few studies have conducted a detailed cost–benefit analysis (CBA) of added cycling facilities. To fill this knowledge gap, a comprehensive method is proposed for estimating the most important benefit components and expenses associated with the installation of bicycle facilities and gaining a better understanding of the strategies used to identify their effect. The general CBA framework that is developed could be used as a traffic planning tool for relieving congestion and improving bicycle networks. The tool can generate preliminary cost estimates quickly at an early planning stage. The focus is primarily on cycling, but the findings may be easily applied to other active modes of transport such as walking and scooter use. A case study in the state of Delaware demonstrates how the proposed approaches can be used to assess the impacts of road investment projects.
Energy Efficient Relay Assisted Wireless Multicast System

In this paper, the optimization based on energy efficiency in a relay assisted wireless multicast system, where a single source communicates with multiple destinations with the help of an amplify-and-forward relay, is proposed. We assume that the source cannot reach the destinations directly, and thus the relay forwards the signal in two hops. Under the performance objective of maximizing the number of bits that the source sends to all destinations per Joule of the total energy spent, we formulate the optimization problem based on high SNR approximation, and prove that the problem can be extended to a standard Geometric Programming (GP) problem, which is a well-studied class of nonlinear and nonconvex optimization and has regular solutions. Finally, we provide a set of numerical results to illustrate energy efficiency corresponding to different channel conditions.
Solution of large-scale security constrained optimal power flow by a new bi-level optimisation approach based on enhanced gravitational search algorithm

Security constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF) is a key operation function for modern power systems. In this study, a new bi-level optimisation approach is proposed to solve this problem considering a comprehensive SCOPF model, including, for example, valve loading effect, multi-fuel option and prohibited operating zone constraints of thermal units as well as AC network modelling and AC security constraints. Economic dispatch is solved in the lower level of the proposed approach and using its results as the initial solution, SCOPF is solved in the upper level with high convergence rate. For the both levels, a new enhanced gravitational search algorithm is suggested as the optimisation tool. The proposed bi-level approach is tested on 9-bus, IEEE 57-bus, IEEE 118-bus, IEEE 300-bus and polish 2746-bus test systems. Obtained results from the proposed approach for the test cases are compared with the results of other SCOPF solution methods and published literature figures. These comparisons confirm the validity of the developed approach.
Optimized scattering compensation for time-of-flight camera

Recent time-of-flight (TOF) cameras allow for real-time acquisition of range maps with good performance. However, the accuracy of the measured range map may be limited by secondary light reflections. Specifically, the range measurement is affected by scattering, which consists in parasitic signals caused by multiple reflections inside the camera device. Scattering, which is particularly strong in scenes with large aspect ratios, must be detected and the errors compensated. This paper considers reducing scattering errors by means of image processing methods applied to the output image from the time-of-flight camera. It shows that scattering reduction can be expressed as a deconvolution problem on a complex, two-dimensional signal. The paper investigated several solutions. First, a comparison of image domain and Fourier domain processing for scattering compensation is provided. One key element in the comparison is the computation load and the requirement to perform scattering compensation in real-time. Then, the paper discusses strategies for improved scattering reduction. More specifically, it treats the problem of optimizing the description of the inverse filter for best scattering compensation results. Finally, the validity of the proposed scattering reduction method is verified on various examples of indoor scenes.
A Practical Approach to Provide Security in IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Network

During last years, IEEE 802.15. 4 has been asserting itself as one of the most promising standards for Wireless Sensor Network. It includes a security sublayer, which provides a number of operations and procedures aimed at securing network communications. But providing security features and power consumption together face a trade-off. In spite of so many research works discussing IEEE 802.15. 4 security service, so far not so many focus on their implementation and performance. This paper discusses some security aspects of IEEE 802.15. 4, and presents a practical approach to secure point to point link between wireless sensor nodes in details, supporting all the security suites of the standard. The results demonstrated that our approach achieved significantly lower power consumption and higher performance in security.
Empirical Model of Coastal Bermudagrass Production

ABSTRACT ACCUMULATION of dry matter over the growing season of coastal bermudagrass follows a sigmoid distribution described by the error function. The model contains three parameters, viz. total seasonal yield, mean time and time spread. The 2nd order Newton-Raphson method proved very efficient for parameter optimization. Calibration was carried out for data from Watkinsville, GA. Experimental treatments included irrigation status, nitrogen level and harvest interval. The model described the data rather closely. Output includes harvest and seasonal yields and nitrogen accumulation. The empirical model provides a simple tool for analysis of data as related to treatment factors. It should also provide guidance in development of more comprehensive simulation models.
Exploring the Gender Gap in Engineering: A Re‐Specification and Test of the Hypothesis of Cumulative Advantages and Disadvantages

Researchers using the hypothesis of cumulative advantages and disadvantages argue that the accumulation of small advantages for men and small disadvantages for women contributes to the gender gap in engineering. This paper uses data from a 1998 survey of engineering undergraduates to test a re‐specification of this hypothesis that treats the gender distribution of advantages and disadvantages as an empirical question. We considered four sets of factors that have been shown to promote choice of an engineering major, persistence in engineering, and progress in engineering: family background, high school participation in mathematics and science, university participation in engineering, and integration into engineering. We found gender differences for each set of factors. We also found that men and women accumulate different advantages and disadvantages as they move through the education pipeline. By demonstrating that the accumulation of advantages and disadvantages is gendered, these results highlight the importance of examining the impact of micro‐inequities on the persistence and progress of men and women in engineering.
Hybrid Model for Estimating Permitted Left-Turn Saturation Flow Rate

This study explored the integration of analytical formulations with simulation results for estimating the complex permitted saturation flow rate. The proposed hybrid model captured most tractable interactions between the permitted flow rate and the opposing flows with the widely used formulation by Drew, which serves as one of the primary explanatory variables. To further consider the complex interactions between the permitted flow rate and all other associated factors, which often are not consistent with the assumptions used in analytical derivations, this study modeled the intractable relations as multiplicative adjustment terms and estimated their parameters with log-linear regression. Such a hybrid formulation offers the flexibility to incorporate various additional critical factors on the permitted flow rate, including the variation of driving behavior, the number of opposing lanes, the progression quality, and the heavy vehicle percentage. The preliminary tests with extensive simulation experiments have shown very promising results.
Fabrication and quality factor control of a microelectromechanical system resonator with linear differential drive

The fabrication, characterisation and quality factor control of a microelectromechanical system resonator with differential drive and readout is reported. The differential drive results in a linear relationship between the AC drive voltage and the applied force. Furthermore, the static DC force and the undesirable force at the second harmonic frequency (introduced by other driving methods) are also reduced. Differential readout is employed in order to minimise undesirable common-mode signals in the detection electronics. The device has been fabricated in silicon on insulator (using the Integram high aspect ratio micromachining process at QinetiQ) and fully characterised. The ability to track the resonant frequency with fine resolution is related to the quality factor of the resonant system. Commonly used detection techniques such as slope detection and phase detection both require a high quality factor, however, resistance to motion caused by air damping results in a low quality factor - degrading the performance of the sensor. The low-pressure quality factor is measured as being >5500 and reduces to ~10 at atmospheric pressure. The linear relationship between AC drive voltage and resultant force is exploited in conjunction with an electronic readout architecture yielding the device velocity to implement a force feedback technique - increasing the quality factor of the resonator.
A robust data fusion scheme for integrated navigation systems employing fault detection methodology augmented with fuzzy adaptive filtering

Integrated navigation systems for various applications, generally employs the centralized Kalman filter (CKF) wherein all measured sensor data are communicated to a single central Kalman filter. The advantage of CKF is that there is a minimal loss of information and high precision under benign conditions. But CKF may suffer computational overloading, and poor fault tolerance. The alternative is the federated Kalman filter (FKF) wherein the local estimates can deliver optimal or suboptimal state estimate as per certain information fusion criterion. FKF has enhanced throughput and multiple level fault detection capability. The Standard CKF or FKF require that the system noise and the measurement noise are zero-mean and Gaussian. Moreover it is assumed that covariance of system and measurement noises remain constant. But if the theoretical and actual statistical features employed in Kalman filter are not compatible, the Kalman filter does not render satisfactory solutions and divergence problems also occur. To resolve such problems, in this paper, an adaptive Kalman filter scheme strengthened with fuzzy inference system (FIS) is employed to adapt the statistical features of contributing sensors, online, in the light of real system dynamics and varying measurement noises. The excessive faults are detected and isolated by employing Chi Square test method. As a case study, the presented scheme has been implemented on Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS) integrated with the Celestial Navigation System (CNS), GPS and Doppler radar using FKF. Collectively the overall system can be termed as SINS/CNS/GPS/Doppler integrated navigation system. The simulation results have validated the effectiveness of the presented scheme with significantly enhanced precision, reliability and fault tolerance. Effectiveness of the scheme has been tested against simulated abnormal errors/noises during different time segments of flight. It is believed that the presented scheme can be applied to the navigation system of aircraft or unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).
Modeling Learning and Evolutionary Adaptation Processes in Activity Settings: Theory and Numerical Simulations

The development of a conceptual framework to build a model of multi-faceted choices underlying activity behavior is described. The conceptual framework views individuals developing stereotype behavior or scripts over time by learning. Various principles of learning as a function of state-dependent variables and as a function of latent behavior and adjustment principles are developed and formalized. The focus is on modeling long-term dynamics in activity choice heuristics. Theory, illustrated by a set of numerical experiments, is developed.
Wide area measurements-based model validation and its application

Simulation veracity is very important to the plan and operation of a power system. Too optimistic a simulation will put the system at risk whereas too pessimistic a simulation will waste investments. Wide area measurements (WAMs), one of the fast developing technologies in recent years, could record the synchronized phasors in the whole power grid, which provides the possibility for simulation validation work. Recent contingency reproduction work worldwide has shown the inaccuracy of current digital simulation. Therefore simulation validation and model calibration are necessary to enhance simulation veracity. However, because of the complexity of the power system, it is difficult to find the erroneous ones among a large amount of components, which makes the simulation validation a very challenging problem. A new approach for WAMs-based simulation validation work is proposed. The proposed method is very simple and easy to be implemented in the available power system simulation software. Then, the trajectory sensitivity method is applied to the parameter calibration work. Real applications via the proposed methods in the big NE power grid of China are studied, which fully show the efficiency of the proposed methods.
Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Composition, and Management: The World Scenario

Municipal solid waste (MSW) is the abridgment of the waste generated from domestic, commercial, and construction activities by natural persons that is collected and treated by municipalities. Exponential growth of population and urbanization, and the development of social economy, coupled with the improvement of living standard, have resulted in an increase in the amount of MSW generation throughout the world. On average the developed countries typically generate 521.95–759.2 kg per person per year (kpc) and 109.5–525.6 kpc typically by developing countries. Recent estimates suggest that the MSW generation globally exceeds 2 billion tons per year, which is a potential threat to environmental dilapidation. Therefore, MSW management (MSWM) seems to be one of the key topics for environmental protection in present days and also in the future. The authors have illustrated MSW generation and composition analysis and have provided a comprehensive review of MSWM in different countries throughout the world based on the available literatures. Some of the important aspects of waste management, such as composting, landfilling, and incineration, are illustrated.
Heterogeneous Deformable Modeling and Topology Modification for Surgical Cutting Simulation with Haptic Interfaces

AbstractIn this paper we propose methodology and algorithms to generate realistic cuts on heterogeneous deformable object models. A 3-dimensional node snapping algorithm is presented to modify the topology of deformable models, without adding new elements. Smooth cut is generated by duplicating and displacing mass points that have been snapped along the cutting path. Several sets of triangles representing different soft tissues are generated along the new cut to present the internal structures and material properties of heterogeneous deformable objects. A haptic device is integrated into cutting simulation system as a cutting tool. The proposed cutting techniques can be used in surgical simulation or other virtual simulations involving topological modification of heterogeneous soft materials to enhance the fidelity and realism.
High temperature permanent magnet actuator for fail-safe applications

The paper describes the design and experimentally characterised of a high temperature, parallel-polarised permanent magnet electromagnetic actuator developed for fail-safe applications. The actuator is designed to operate in an ambient temperature of 230°C, has a stroke of 2mm and minimum force requirement, which can be maintained with zero current, of 1kN for the entire stroke. To minimise the mass of the final design, thermal modelling has been used to determine the acceptable current rating for the device, features were added to the pole faces to linearise the force characteristic, and high temperature grades of materials were used. A prototype actuator has been constructed and experimentally validated at the rated operating temperature of 230°C.
Review Paper: Continuum biomechanics of soft biological tissues

Since its coming of age in the mid 1960s, continuum biomechanics has contributed much to our understanding of human health as well as to disease, injury, and their treatment. Nevertheless, biomechanics has yet to reach its full potential as a consistent contributor to the improvement of health–care delivery. Because of the inherent complexities of the microstructure and biomechanical behaviour of biological cells and tissues, there is a need for new theoretical frameworks to guide the design and interpretation of new classes of experiments. Because of continued advances in experimental technology, and the associated rapid increase in information on molecular and cellular contributions to behaviour at tissue and organ levels, there is a pressing need for mathematical models to synthesize and predict observations across multiple length– and time–scales. And because of the complex geometries and loading conditions, there is a need for new computational approaches to solve the boundaryand initial–value problems of clinical, industrial, and academic importance. Clearly, much remains to be done. The purpose of this paper is twofold: to review a few of the many achievements in the biomechanics of soft tissues and the tools that allowed them, but, more importantly, to identify some of the open problems that merit increased attention from those in applied mechanics, biomechanics, mathematics and mechanobiology.
Modelling, performance evaluation and planning of public transport systems using generalized stochastic Petri nets

Owing to the tremendous size of public transportation systems, the design process of routes and timetables follows a stringent order. Centred on hub-based networks, this paper deals with two important phases of this process: the computation of the core line frequencies and departure times. To provide more reliable connections at a reasonable cost, we use generalized stochastic Petri nets. As a result, several improvements of the hub-based network scheduling are detailed. It is shown that the Petri net modelling is a powerful technique used to study the public transport systems performance (passenger waiting times) by comparing our results with deterministic ones. Finally, an application to a real size public transportation system is given to illustrate the results.