Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep two-photon brain imaging with a red-shifted fluorometric Ca2+ indicator

Significance We introduce a two-photon imaging method with improved depth penetration for the recording of neuronal activity with single-cell resolution in the intact brain of living animals. This method relies on the use of the fluorometric Ca2+-sensitive dye Cal-590, which is effectively excited by infrared light (1,050 nm). By combining population Ca2+ imaging and electrical recordings in vivo, we demonstrate that neuronal activity can be monitored in all six layers of the mouse cortex. In combination with spectrally different Ca2+ indicators, Cal-590 can be used for the simultaneous imaging of neuronal activity in distinct neuronal populations. In vivo Ca2+ imaging of neuronal populations in deep cortical layers has remained a major challenge, as the recording depth of two-photon microscopy is limited because of the scattering and absorption of photons in brain tissue. A possible strategy to increase the imaging depth is the use of red-shifted fluorescent dyes, as scattering of photons is reduced at long wavelengths. Here, we tested the red-shifted fluorescent Ca2+ indicator Cal-590 for deep tissue experiments in the mouse cortex in vivo. In experiments involving bulk loading of neurons with the acetoxymethyl (AM) ester version of Cal-590, combined two-photon imaging and cell-attached recordings revealed that, despite the relatively low affinity of Cal-590 for Ca2+ (Kd = 561 nM), single-action potential-evoked Ca2+ transients were discernable in most neurons with a good signal-to-noise ratio. Action potential-dependent Ca2+ transients were recorded in neurons of all six layers of the cortex at depths of up to −900 µm below the pial surface. We demonstrate that Cal-590 is also suited for multicolor functional imaging experiments in combination with other Ca2+ indicators. Ca2+ transients in the dendrites of an individual Oregon green 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid-1 (OGB-1)-labeled neuron and the surrounding population of Cal-590-labeled cells were recorded simultaneously on two spectrally separated detection channels. We conclude that the red-shifted Ca2+ indicator Cal-590 is well suited for in vivo two-photon Ca2+ imaging experiments in all layers of mouse cortex. In combination with spectrally different Ca2+ indicators, such as OGB-1, Cal-590 can be readily used for simultaneous multicolor functional imaging experiments.
Characterization of a Culturable “Gastrospirillum hominis” (Helicobacter heilmannii) Strain Isolated from Human Gastric Mucosa

ABSTRACT Spiral organisms were isolated from an antral gastric mucosal biopsy specimen from a dyspeptic patient with gastritis. Only corkscrew-shaped organisms resembling “Gastrospirillum hominis” (“Helicobacter heilmannii”) but noHelicobacter pylori-like organisms were seen in histological sections. H. pylori was not cultured from specimens from this patient. On the basis of biochemical reactions, morphology, ultrastructure, and 16S DNA sequencing, the isolated “G. hominis” was shown to be a trueHelicobacter sp. very similar to Helicobacter felis and the “Gastrospirillum” but was separate from H. pylori. “G. hominis” is a pleomorphic gram-negative cork-screw-shaped, motile rod with 3 to 8 coils and a wavelength of about 1 μm. In contrast toH. pylori, it has up to 14 sheathed flagellar uni- or bipolar fibrils but no periplasmic fibrils. “G. hominis” grows under microaerobic conditions at 36 and 41°C on 7% lysed, defibrinated horse blood agar plates within 3 to 7 days and can be subcultured under microaerobic but not under anaerobic conditions on media similar to those used for H. pylori and H. felis. The small translucent colonies were, in contrast to those of H. felis, indistinguishable from those of H. pylori. “G. hominis” is, like H. pylori and H. felis, motile, is oxidase, catalase, nitrite, nitrate, and urease positive, and produces alkaline phosphatase and arginine arylamidase. Like H. pylori and H. felis, it is sensitive to cephalothin (30-μg disc), resistant to nalidixic acid (30-μg disc), and sensitive to most other antibiotics. The 16S DNA sequence clusters “G. hominis” together with “Gastrospirillum,” H. felis,Helicobacter bizzozeronii, Helicobacter salmonii, Helicobacter nemestrinae, Helicobacter acinonychis, and H. pylori.
Balancing resource utilization to mitigate power density in processor pipelines

Power density is a growing problem in high-performance processors in which small, high-activity resources overheat. Two categories of techniques, temporal and spatial, can address power density in a processor. Temporal solutions slow computation and heating either through frequency and voltage scaling or through stopping computation long enough to allow the processor to cool; both degrade performance. Spatial solutions reduce heat by moving computation from a hot resource to an alternate resource (e.g., a spare ALU) to allow cooling. Spatial solutions are appealing because they have negligible impact on performance, but they require availability of spatial slack in the form of spare or underutilized resource copies. Previous work focusing on spatial slack within a pipeline has proposed adding extra resource copies to the pipeline, which adds substantial complexity because the resources that overheat, issue logic, register files, and ALUs, are the resources in some of the tightest critical paths in the pipeline. Previous work has not considered exploiting the spatial slack already existing within pipeline resource copies. Utilization can be quite asymmetric across resource copies, leaving some copies substantially cooler than others. We observe that asymmetric utilization within copies of three key back-end resources, the issue queue, register files, and ALUs, creates spatial slack opportunities. By balancing asymmetry in their utilization, we can reduce power density. Scheduling policies for these resources were designed for maximum simplicity before power density was a concern; our challenge is to address asymmetric heating while keeping the pipeline simple. Balancing asymmetric utilization reduces the need for other performance-degrading temporal power-density techniques. While our techniques do not obviate temporal techniques in high-resource-utilization applications, we greatly reduce their use, improving overall performance.
Orb and a long poly(A) tail are required for efficient oskar translation at the posterior pole of the Drosophila oocyte

During Drosophila oogenesis, the posterior determinant, Oskar, is tightly localized at the posterior pole of the oocyte. The exclusive accumulation of Oskar at this site is ensured by localization-dependent translation of oskar mRNA: translation of oskar mRNA is repressed during transport and activated upon localization at the posterior cortex. Previous studies have suggested that oskar translation is poly(A)-independent. We show that a long poly(A) tail is required for efficient oskar translation, both in vivo and in vitro, but is not sufficient to overcome BRE-mediated repression. Moreover, we show that accumulation of Oskar activity requires the Drosophila homolog of Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation Element Binding protein (CPEB), Orb. As posterior localization of oskar mRNA is an essential prerequisite for its translation, it was critical to identify an allele of orb that does localize oskar mRNA to the posterior pole of the oocyte. We show that flies bearing the weak mutation orbmel localize oskar transcripts with a shortened poly(A) that fails to enhance oskar translation, resulting in reduced Oskar levels and posterior patterning defects. We conclude that Orb-mediated cytoplasmic polyadenylation stimulates oskar translation to achieve the high levels of Oskar protein necessary for posterior patterning and germline differentiation.
Media and Youth: A Developmental Perspective

Preface. Acknowledgments. 1. Media in the Lives of Youth. A Brief History of the Perceived Power of the Media. Investigating Media Effects Across Development. Media Ownership Across Development. Media Consumption Across Development. Why Youth Consume Media. Developmental Points of Interest. 2. Media Effect Theories. Socialization and Theory. Hypodermic Needle or Magic Bullet Theory. Excitation Transfer. Cultivation Perspective. Priming. Social Learning and Social Cognitive Theory. Script Theory. Universal Media Model. Developmental Points of Interest. 3. Media and Academic Effects. Is Media Consumption Detrimental to Academic Achievement? The Benefits of Educational Media. Music and Academic Achievement: Myth or Reality? Developmental Points of Interest. 4. The Medical and Social Benefits of Media Use. Pain Reduction Through Media-Based Distraction. Additional Medical Benefits of Video Game Play and Virtual Reality. The Behavioral Benefits of Prosocial Media. The Psychological Benefits of the Internet. Developmental Points of Interest. 5. Advertising, Consumer Behavior, and Youth. Consumer Behavior Across Development. Advertisements That Target Youth. Advertisements That Are Not Supposed to Target Youth but Most Likely Do. Developmental Points of Interest. 6. Media and Stereotyping. The Nature of Stereotypes. Stereotypes in the Media That Youth Consume. Developmental Points of Interest. 7. Media Influences on Obesity, Body Image, and Eating Disorders. Media Consumption and Body Weight. Body Image and Media. Thin-Ideal Media and Eating Disorders in Females. Lean Muscularity and Muscle Dysmorphia in Males. Developmental Points of Interest. 8. The Role of Media in Alcohol, Tobacco, and Drug Use. Prevalence of Cigarette, Alcohol, and Drug (CAD). Use Across Development. Outcomes Associated With Adolescent CAD Use. Perceptions of CAD Use. Prevalence of Substance Use in the Media. Effects of Substance Use in the Media. Developmental Points of Interest. 9. Media and the Sexualization and Sexual. Socialization of Youth. Sexualization and Sexual Socialization. Sexual Media. The Effects of Viewing Sexual Media on Adolescents. Developmental Points of Interest. 10. Violent Media Part 1: Comic Books, Music, and Video Games. A Brief Primer on Aggression. Violent Comic Books. Music Violence. Violent Video Games. Developmental Points of Interest. 11. Violent Media Part 2: Traditional Screen Media. Violence in Traditional Screen Media. Factors That Influence the Perception of Violence. The Effects of On-Screen Violence on Youth. Developmental Points of Interest. 12. Media Effects: Magnitude, Risk, and Media Literacy. Meta-Analysis. Risk, Protective, and Beneficial Factors. Reducing the Negative Effects of Media Through Media. Literacy. Developmental Points of Interest. References. Index.
Area-Efficient Evaluationof Arithmetic Expressions Using DeeplyPipelinedFloating-PointCores 1

Due to technological advances,it has becomepossible to implement floating-point coreson FPGAs in an effort to provide hardware acceleration for the myriad applications that require high performance floating-point arithmetic. However, in order to achieve a high clock rate, these floating-point cores must be deeply pipelined. Due to this deep pipelining and the complexity of floating-point arithmetic, floating-point cores use a great deal of the FPGA’s area. It is thus important to use as few floating-point cores in an architecture as possible.However, the deep pipelining makes it difficult to reusethe samefloatingpoint core for a series of floating-point computations that are dependent upon one another. In this paper, we describe an area-efficient architecture and algorithm for the evaluation of arithmetic expressions.This design effectively hides the pipeline latencyof the floating-point coresand usesonly onefloating-point core for each type of operator in the expression.The design is applicable to a wide variety of fields suchasscientific computing, cognition, and graph theory. We analyzethe performance of this design when implemented on a Xilinx Virtex-II Pro FPGA. Focus Session—Reconfigurable Supercomputing
Ieee Computer Graphics and Applications Graphically Speaking Treevis.net: a Tree Visualization Reference Hunting and Gathering Tree Visualizations

M any people in the information visual-ization and graph-drawing communities consider tree visualization (see the sidebar) a solved problem. Although Kim Marri-ott and Peter Stuckey have shown that fi nding an optimal tree layout can be an NP-complete problem , 1 reasonably good tree layouts can nevertheless be computed effi ciently in terms of runtime and screen space utilization. In the course of the search for heuristics to generate ever-tidier tree layouts, the comparatively simple problem of transforming parent-child relationships into graphical representations has been solved many times and is still the subject of information visualization research. Researchers have explored and published almost every way of arranging a tree's nodes in 2D and 3D; encoding them in different shapes or forms; and folding, unfolding, or otherwise interactively manipulating them. The plethora of tree visualization techniques poses challenges to researchers and developers. Researchers, especially those new to the fi eld, have no way of knowing every tree visualization that has been published, even over just the last two decades. So, they often reinvent existing techniques. Without pointing fi ngers—my colleagues and I have done our fair share of unwittingly reinvent-ing visualizations—I've noticed that the published tree visualizations include a number of such re-inventions. This is hardly surprising because it's almost impossible for peer reviewers as well to have a complete overview of prior research. The same holds true for developers who implement tree visualizations for their customers, but with potentially direr consequences. Developing something that already exists could lead to ugly intellectual-property issues. And even though it seems like a good starting point to assume that something similar to your own idea has already been done, fi nding that similar technique can be extremely diffi cult. However, opportunities also exist. The long history and remarkable coverage of the design space offer the opportunity to step back, take a look at the bigger picture, and learn from it. For example, we can identify recurring design patterns. Moreover, we can trace back the evolution of our modern visualization techniques to the visual archetypes that might have inspired them. To address the challenges and exploit the opportunities , we must make a laborious but important fi rst step: we must collect existing tree visualiza-tion techniques and form a reference for them that's as complete as possible. This is where the treevis.net project comes into the picture. In early 2010, I set out to ramble …
Mining Ontologies for Analogy Questions: A Similarity-based Approach

In this paper, we propose a new approach to generate analogy questions of the form ”A is to B as . is to ? ” from ontologies. Analogy questions are widely used in multiple-choice tests such as SATs and GREs and are used to assess student’s higher cognitive abilities. The design, implementation and evaluation of the new approach are presented in this paper. The results show that mining ontologies for such questions is fruitful.
Introduction: What is narrative research?

In the last three decades, narrative has acquired an increasingly high profile in social research, following a series of ‘narrative turns’ in other disciplinary fields, like history and literary studies. (Hyvarinen, 2010). It often seems as if all social researchers are doing narrative research in some way. Yet narrative research, although it is popular and engaging, is difficult; how to go about it is much discussed. People working in this field are frequently approached by students and colleagues, in and outside academia, asking questions like, ‘Should I request respondents to tell stories or not? ’; ‘What happens if my respondents don’t produce any narratives? ’; ‘What is a narrative, anyway? ’and, most regularly, ‘What do I do with the stories now I’ve got them? ’ Narrative data can easily seem overwhelming: susceptible to endless interpretation, by turns inconsequential and deeply meaningful.
Automated Identification of High Impact Bug Reports Leveraging Imbalanced Learning Strategies

In practice, some bugs have more impact than others and thus deserve more immediate attention. Due to tight schedule and limited human resource, developers may not have enough time to inspect all bugs. Thus, they often concentrate on bugs that are highly impactful. In the literature, high impact bugs are used to refer to the bugs which appear in unexpected time or locations and bring more unexpected effects, or break pre-existing functionalities and destroy the user experience. Unfortunately, identifying high impact bugs from the thousands of bug reports in a bug tracking system is not an easy feat. Thus, an automated technique that can identify high-impact bug reports can help developers to be aware of them early, rectify them quickly, and minimize the damages they cause. Considering that only a small proportion of bugs are high impact bugs, the identification of high impact bug reports is a difficult task. In this paper, we propose an approach to identify high impact bug reports by leveraging imbalanced learning strategies. We investigate the effectiveness of various imbalanced learning strategies built upon a number of well-known classification algorithms. In particular, we choose four widely used strategies for dealing with imbalanced data and use naive Bayes multinominal as the classification algorithm to conduct experiments on four datasets from four different open source projects. We perform an empirical study on a specific type of high impact bugs, i.e., surprise bugs, which were first studied by Shihab et al. The results show that under-sampling is the best imbalanced learning strategy with naive Bayes multinominal for high impact bug identification.
State Estimation for Discrete-Time Dynamical Networks With Time-Varying Delays and Stochastic Disturbances Under the Round-Robin Protocol

This paper is concerned with the state estimation problem for a class of nonlinear dynamical networks with time-varying delays subject to the round-robin protocol. The communication between the state estimator and the nodes of the dynamical networks is implemented through a shared constrained network, in which only one node is allowed to send data at each time instant. The round-robin protocol is utilized to orchestrate the transmission order of nodes. By using a switch-based approach, the dynamics of the estimation error is modeled by a periodic parameter-switching system with time-varying delays. The purpose of the problem addressed is to design an estimator, such that the estimation error is exponentially ultimately bounded with a certain asymptotic upper bound in mean square subject to the process noise and exogenous disturbance. Furthermore, such a bound is subsequently minimized by the designed estimator parameters. A novel Lyapunov-like functional is employed to deal with the dynamics analysis issue of the estimation error. Sufficient conditions are established to guarantee the ultimate boundedness of the estimation error in mean square by applying the stochastic analysis approach. Then, the desired estimator gains are characterized by solving a convex problem. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the estimator design scheme.
The relationship between Saudi EFL college-level students' use of reading strategies and their EFL reading comprehension

3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . 6 LIST OF TABLES . 11 LIST OF FIGURES . 12 CHAPTER ONE . 13 Introduction . 13 English as a Foreign/Second Language (EFL/ESL) Reading Strategies . 14 Significance of the Study . 16 Statement of the Problem . 19 The Purpose of the Study . 20 Variables of the Study . 22 Research Questions . 22 Definition of Terms. 24 Organization of the Study . 27 CHAPTER TWO . 28 Literature Review. 28 Introduction . 28 Models of Reading . 29 The Interactive Model . 38 Reading Strategies . 41 Reading Strategies Studies in Saudi Arabia . 57 Self-Regulation . 62 Summary . 65 CHAPTER THREE . 67 Methodology . 67 Research Questions . 67 Research Design . 68 Operational Definition of the Variables . 69 The Setting of the Study . 71 Teaching English Language in Saudi Arabia . 72 9 Current Classroom Reading Practices in Saudi Arabia . 72 Instrumentation . 74 The Reading Comprehension Test . 81 Interview . 81 Data Collection . 82 Data Analysis Procedures . 86 CHAPTER FOUR . 88 Results . 88 Reliability of the Instrument . 88 Validity of the Instrument . 89 Descriptive Statistics for Factors . 90 Assumptions of Multiple Regression Analysis . 92 Test for Normality, Linearity, Homoscedasticity, and Independence of Residuals . 95 First Research Question . 98 Second Research Question . 100 Third Research Question. 102 Additional Findings . 105 Gender and Comprehension Level . 108 Gender and Reading Strategies . 109 Gender and Self-Regulation . 110 Qualitative Data on Self-regulation . 111 Summary of Major Findings . 112 CHAPTER FIVE . 115 Discussion, Conclusion, and Recommendations . 115 Summary of the Study and Discussion of Findings . 115 Discussion of Additional Findings. 123 Implications for Reading Instruction in Saudi Arabia . 124 Conclusion . 126 Limitations of the study . 127 Recommendations for Further Study . 128 REFERENCES . 130 APPENDIX A: READING COMPREHENSION TEST . 147 APPENDIX B: MODEL ANSWERS . 150 APPENDIX C : A SAMPLE OF INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPTION . 151 10 APPENDIX D : READING STRATEGIES QUESTIONNAIRE (RSQ) . 155 APPENDIX E : A SAMPLE OF PERMISSION REQUEST LETTER . 161 APPENDIX F : IRB APPROVAL . 162 APPENDIX G : SCREEPLOT . 163 APPENDIX H: ROTATED COMPONENT MATRIX . 164 APPENDIX I : RESIDUAL STATISTICS (READING STRATEGIES TYPES) . 166 APPENDIX J : ITEMS DESCRIPTIVES . 167 APPENDIX K : SCATTER PLOT OF REGRESSION STANDARDIZED PREDICTED VALUES AGAINST REGRESSION STANDARDIZED RESIDUALS (SELFREGULATION FACETS). 170 APPENDIX L : NORMAL P-P PLOT (SELF-REGULATION FACETS). 171 APPENDIX M : RESIDUAL STATISTICS (SELF-REULATION FACETS) . 172 APPENDIX N : TOLERANCE AND VIF FOR REGRESSION FACTORS (SELFREGULATION) . 173
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): A Review Literature Report

This report is a review of work published in various journals on the topics of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) between 2005 and 28 May, 2010. A total of 154 articles from 49 journals were reviewed. This report intends to serve two goals. First, it will be useful to researchers who are interested in understanding and following the recent trends in the area of ERP. Finally, this report will be useful to both researchers and businesses or industries; because it seeks to highlight the current unanswered but justified research and development (RD thus, identifying key journals and other key forums such as conferences and societies in the field of ERP. The summary will also identify most cited authors by using a sample statistical report from Harzing’s Publish or Perish software. This report will also seek to address the issues and trends, including future trends of the ERP System Life Cycle (SLC) into six major and sub phases. Index Terms Enterprise Resource Planning; ERP Trends and Perspective; Journal Articles survey.
Vertex-cover in random graphs with small connectivity: an exact solution

This paper has been withdrawn by the author, due to the fact that the main result in it has already been obtained in [1] for any c < e, see also [2] and [3]. Moreover the formula which gives the minimal vertex-cover in a tree (see the abstract) has already been derived in [4]. I thank M. Bauer, O. Golinelli, F. Ricci-Tersenghi, G. Semerjian and M. Weigt for having brought to my attention [1] and M.B. and O.G. for [4]. [1] M. Bauer and O. Golinelli, Eur. Phys. J. B 24, 339-352 (2001); [2] R. M. Karp and M. Sipser, Proc. 22nd IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computing,(1981), 364-375; [3] J. Aronson, A. Frieze, and B.G. Pittel, Random Structures and Algorithms 12 (1998) 111-177; [4] M. Bauer, O. Golinelli, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol 3, (2000).