Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of denitrification/ammonia volatilization by periphyton in paddy fields and its promise in rice yield promotion.

BACKGROUND Nitrogen (N) is the most limiting nutrient in rice production. N loss via denitrification and ammonia (NH3 ) volatilization decreases N utilization efficiency. The effect of periphyton, which are widespread soil surface microbial aggregates in paddy soil, on N-cycling processes and rice growth in paddy soils remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to reveal the interactions of periphyton with the overlying water and sediment in paddy soils on denitrification/NH3 emissions and rice yield by combining pot experiments and path analysis modeling. RESULTS The sediment exerted significant direct and positive effects on denitrification. Periphyton both directly and indirectly enhanced denitrification, mainly by regulating the NH4 + -N content in the sediment. The total contribution of periphyton to denitrification was stronger than that of the overlying water but smaller than that of the sediment. The pH in the overlying water and the NH4 + -N content in the sediment had a strong positive effect on NH3 volatilization. Although the periphyton biomass and chlorophyll α directly prohibited NH3 emissions, this was counterbalanced by the indirect stimulation effects of the periphyton due to its positive alteration of the pH. Moreover, periphyton facilitated rice yield by 10.2% by releasing N. CONCLUSION Although the periphyton may have driven N loss by regulating the NH4 + -N content in the sediment and the pH in the overlying water, our study also found that the periphyton was considered a temporary N sink and provided a sustained release of N for rice, thus increasing the rice yield. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Where Are the Dots: Hardening Face Authentication on Smartphones With Unforgeable Eye Movement Patterns

With the ubiquitous adoption, mobile face authentication systems have been facing constant security challenges, particularly the spoofing risks. Except for those using specialized hardware, existing proposals for face anti-spoofing on mainstream smartphones either leverage people’s 3D face characteristics or various facial expressions. While showing progress towards more resilient face authentication, they are still vulnerable to recent advanced attacks (e.g., 3D mask attacks, video attacks, etc.). This paper presents GazeGuard, an on-device face anti-spoofing system that leverages unpredictable and unforgeable eye movement patterns to provide strong security guarantees against all known attacks. Targeting mainstream smartphones, GazeGuard is designed to conduct eye movement-based authentication using only 2D front cameras. Specifically, by presenting a series of short-lasting random dots on the screen (named gazecode), GazeGuard simultaneously captures a user’s gaze responses and the corresponding deformed periocular features to ensure both the freshness and correctness for the anti-spoofing face authentication. We have extensively tested GazeGuard’s performance over 50 volunteers. Using a 4-digit gazecode (just four random dots), GazeGuard achieves an average 90.39% authentication accuracy and 81.57 out of 100 System Usability Scale (SUS) scores. Under the same settings, GazeGuard achieves detection accuracy of 95.72% for image attack, 95.59% for video attack, 99.73% for 3D mask attack, and 100% for physical adversarial attack.
Indirect adaptive flight control system interactions

An indirect adaptive control system approach is presented and demonstrated via the nonlinear six degree of freedom simulation of a tailless fighter aircraft. A summary of the tailless aircraft configuration is given. The modular control system architecture is described and interactions between the modules are identified and illustrated using nonlinear simulation results. Mitigation approaches for addressing the adverse interactions are presented and illustrated using nonlinear simulation results. Simulation results that demonstrate the reconfiguration capability are also given. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Torque-based aerial posture control of a two-link acrobat robot

Abstract This paper deals with an aerial posture control problem of a two-link acrobat robot with non-zero initial angular momentum. Firstly, a strict feedback system is derived from the equations of motion and the law of conservation of angular momentum of a two-link aerial acrobat robot. The torque acting on the joint of the robot is chosen as the control input of the strict-feedback system. Secondly, a control law based on the backstepping technique is developed. Finally, simulation results show the validity of the proposed control scheme. A trade-off relation between the maximum driving torque and the final posture error and two different motions of the serial robot are discussed.
Semiparametric Modeling and Estimation of Instrumental Variable Models

We apply Bayesian methods to a model involving a binary nonrandom treatment intake variable and an instrumental variable in which the functional forms of some of the covariates in both the treatment intake and outcome distributions are unknown. Continuous and binary response variables are considered. Under the assumption that the functional form is additive in the covariates, we develop efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo-based approaches for summarizing the posterior distribution and for comparing various alternative models via marginal likelihoods and Bayes factors. We show in a simulation experiment that the methods are capable of recovering the unknown functions and are sensitive neither to the sample size nor to the degree of confounding as measured by the correlation between the errors in the treatment and response equations. In the binary response case, however, estimation of the average treatment effect requires larger sample sizes, especially when the degree of confounding is high. The methods are applied to an example dealing with the effect on wages of more than 12 years of education.
A Characterization of the Constant Parity Property of the Number of Solutions to the Linear Complementarity Problem

We consider the linear complementarily problem: Given an $m \times m$ matrix M and a real m-vector q, find real m-vectors x and y which solve (i) $x = My + q,x\geqq 0,y\geqq 0$, (ii) $x^T y = 0$. In this paper we prove the necessary and sufficient conditions for the constant parity of the number of solutions to (i)–(ii) for all q for which every solution is nondegenerate. As a consequence we also derive the results of Murty [10], Karamardian [7] and Saigal [11].
Heating and Acceleration of the Solar Wind via Gravity Damping of Alfvén Waves

In this paper we present a two-fluid model for the heating of the solar corona and acceleration of the solar wind, based on the dissipation of Alfvén waves by gravity damping. This mechanism was proposed by Khabibrakhmanov & Mullan but has not previously been applied in modeling efforts. After extending the Khabibrakhmanov & Mullan theory to give an expression for the evolution of the Alfvén wave amplitude as a function of the local parameters of the atmosphere, we show how gravity damping compares with other mechanisms that have been proposed for the dissipation of Alfvén waves. Then we introduce the system of equations that we use for the wind model: this includes, in the energy equation, a gravity dissipation term and, in the momentum equation, a different wave acceleration term from that which is usually adopted. Initial conditions for the integration of the equations are compatible with recent Ulysses measurements, and the integration proceeds from 1 AU toward the base of the solar corona and into the transition region [where T=(1-2)×105 K]. Our results show that the gravity damping of Alfvén waves heats protons in the solar plasma to several million degrees and accelerates the solar wind to 600-700 km s-1. Model predictions at low heliocentric distances compare favorably with recently acquired data. One prediction of our model is that the damping process is most effective in regions where the Alfvén speed is low. Another prediction is that although the energy is deposited mainly into protons, the deposition occurs close enough to the Sun that collisional coupling also leads to effective heating of the electrons (to Te≈106 K). We compare and contrast the present model with models based on ion-cyclotron resonant processes.
Radical oxidation of germanium for interface gate dielectric GeO2 formation in metal-insulator-semiconductor gate stack

GeO2 was grown by a slot-plane-antenna (SPA) high density radical oxidation, and the oxidation kinetics of radical oxidation GeO2 was examined. By the SPA radical oxidation, no substrate orientation dependence of growth rate attributed to highly reactive oxygen radicals with low oxidation activation energy was demonstrated, which is highly beneficial to three-dimensional structure devices, such as multigate field-effect transistors, to form conformal gate dielectrics. The electrical properties of an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) metal-oxide-semiconductor gate stack with a GeO2 interfacial layer were investigated, showing very low interface state density (Dit), 1.4×1011 cm−2 eV−1. By synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy, the conduction and the valence band offsets of GeO2 with respect to Ge were estimated to be 1.2±0.3 and 3.6±0.1 eV, which are sufficiently high to suppress gate leakage.
Representation of background error standard deviations in a limited area model data assimilation system

Two different approaches for improving the representation of background error standard deviations have been developed and introduced into the HIRLAM high-resolution limited area model 3-D variational data assimilation scheme. One of the methods utilizes a horizontally varying climatological background error standard deviation field, estimated from a time-series of innovations. The second approach attempts to take temporal and spatial variations of the background error standard deviations into account by applying an Eady instability measure to the background field. The two approaches are described in detail and their functionality is demonstrated. Parallel data assimilation and forecasts experiments indicate a slightly positive impact on average verification scores, and in addition a positive impact is demonstrated for an individual synoptically active case.
A review of aeroelasticity methods with emphasis on turbomachinery applications

Abstract This paper is a review of current aeroelasticity methods, with particular emphasis on turbomachinery applications. It also includes a brief survey of the computational fluid dynamics procedures that can be used for the modelling of unsteady flows in such environments. The aeroelasticity phenomena encountered in turbomachinery are introduced from an industrial perspective and the predictive methods are divided into two classes: classical and integrated. The former combine the fluid and structural equations in an uncoupled fashion while the latter attempt to solve the equations together by either exchanging information at each time step or by formulating the aeroelasticity problem in a single unified fluid-structure medium. Further topics, such as the availability of experimental data for model validation, nonlinear structural behaviour, general interblade phase angle, blade mistuning and future directions in aeroelasticity analyses, are also discussed in some detail.
Genetic characterization of Ladakhi donkeys using microsatellite markers

The donkeys of Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir, are well adapted to the cold, arid and hypoxic conditions of this region. The genomic DNA, isolated from 25 blood samples collected from these donkeys, were amplified by PCR using FAM and HEX labeled primers and resolved for alleles on automatic DNA sequencer. Total 20 loci of the horse origin were tested and only 13 loci gave scorable results. Rest of the loci either did not amplify well (HMS3, HMS7, ASB17 and COR22) or showed less than four alleles (HMS5, HMS6, HTG4), in the studied population. At the 13 loci included in the final analysis, the PCR product size ranged from 79â€“85 bp at locus HTG6 to 257â€“275 bp at locus COR18. The observed number of alleles varied from 4 (HTG15, HTG6, HTG10 and VHL20) to 9 (HTG7 and COR71) with a mean of 5. 92Â±1.80. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.44 (VHL209) to 0.90 (AHT5) with a mean of 0. 76Â±0.13. The mean genetic diversity estimate (FIS) was â€“0.076. The cumulative exclusion probability (PE) of these loci was 0.999838 indicating their suitability for parentage testing in these donkeys. The sign test, standardized differences test, the Wilcoxon test using the allelic frequency data under two phased mutation model and sequential mutation model at the studied loci as well as normal â€˜Lâ€™ shaped distribution of the allelic frequency indicated the absence of any recent genetic bottleneck in donkeys of Ladakh region. When these donkeys were compared to Spiti donkeys of Himachal Pradesh and Brown type donkeys of Andhra Pradesh on the basis of allelic frequency data at these loci, they showed Neiâ€™s minimum genetic distances of 0.115 and 0.165, respectively, from these population.
Revisiting the constitutive equations of unsaturated porous solids using a Lagrangian saturation concept

This paper aims at revisiting the constitutive equations of unsaturated porous solids at the light of a Lagrangian saturation concept. By referring the currently wetted porous volume to the reference configuration, the Lagrangian saturation is the state variable associated with the interfacial energy changes only, irrespective of the elastic energy required for deforming the solid matrix. The Lagrangian saturation concept provides the basis of a generic approach to the theory of poroelastoplasticity in unsaturated conditions. We successively examine the case where the saturating fluids occupy disconnected networks and the case where the networks are connected so that the saturating fluids can invade the porous solid or recede from it. The analysis provides the restricted situations where the averaged pore pressure may play the role of an effective pore pressure. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Space Syntax: Some Inconsistencies

This paper reports on a number of inconsistencies that appear in space syntax—a well-known technique of urban analysis—when dealing with certain geometrical configurations. At a simple level, the analysis of regularly gridded urban textures (such as Manhattan's) reveals the difficulty of accepting the claim that space syntax allows the modelling of pedestrian choice making. In more complex cases, the distortion of two ideal textures produces a topological discontinuity, leading to the unacceptable situation where one single urban configuration produces two conflicting outcomes when analysed with space syntax tools. Several other points are also discussed, such as the difficulty of space syntax to take into account building height and land use, and its sensitivity to boundary conditions. Conclusions seem to suggest that the topological representation of cities, on which space syntax is based, discards precious metric information and is rather limiting. It is envisaged that with current increases in computational power new algorithms might allow a deeper understanding of urban texture, based on the full exploration of its metric and topological properties. This would contribute to answer the fascinating question which space syntax has helped to frame: what is the influence of urban configuration on social life?
Design of silicon hollow waveguide in-line polarizer using a photonic crystal concept

An in-line polarizer based on a hollow waveguide and a one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal concept is proposed and analysed. The hollow guide is designed to be symmetric, to achieve maximum coupling with the fibre, while the polarization dependence is achieved through the use of a 1D photonic crystal composed of alternating layers of silicon and air. It has been found that four layers can achieve an extinction ratio of about 11 dB mm−1 with a propagation loss of 0.9 dB mm−1.
Research on the Characteristics of Performance Indicators of Government Department Budget Projects: Taking Sichuan Provincial Education Department as an Example

: The performance of government departments is the best embodiment of the government's work results, and the performance of budget projects is one of the important aspects. It is an important management mode of current government departments to use performance indicators to conduct performance management and evaluation of budget projects. This paper collects the performance indicators of budget projects disclosed by the Sichuan Provincial Education Department in the disclosure of department final accounts from 2019 to 2021, and takes it as an example to research the advantages and disadvantages of performance indicators setting, and finally puts forward suggestions for improvement. The conclusions will be helpful to improve the performance management level of government departments.
Simple method to generate all fiber CVBs and LP01 mode switchable laser

We propose and demonstrate a simple method to generate an all-fiber CVBs and LP01 mode switchable laser using a few-mode fiber Bragg grating. A few-mode circulator is used to output the excited high-order modes. By adjusting the temperature to change the laser wavelength in the cavity, switching of the fundamental mode and the radial and azimuthally polarized laser is realized and their efficiencies are 10.76% and 5.55%, respectively. The purity of the radial and the azimuthally polarized beam is higher than 98%. The working wavelength of the radial and the azimuthally polarized beam is 1549.6nm. The 30 dB bandwidth is less than 0.15 nm, and the side mode suppression ratio is more than 73dB.
A Bayesian Meta-Learning-Based Method for Few-Shot Hyperspectral Image Classification

Few-shot learning provides a new way to solve the problem of insufficient training samples in hyperspectral classification. It can implement reliable classification under several training samples by learning meta-knowledge from similar tasks. However, most existing works perform frequency statistics, which may suffer from the prevalent uncertainty in point estimates (PEs) with limited training samples. To overcome this problem, we reconsider the hyperspectral image few-shot classification (HSI-FSC) task as a hierarchical probabilistic inference from a Bayesian view and provide a careful process of meta-learning probabilistic inference. We introduce a prototype vector for each class as latent variables and adopt distribution estimates (DEs) for them to obtain their posterior distribution. The posterior of the prototype vectors is maximized by updating the parameters in the model via the prior distribution of HSI and labeled samples. The features of the query samples are matched with prototype vectors drawn from the posterior; thus, a posterior predictive distribution over the labels of query samples can be inferred via an amortized Bayesian variational inference approach. Experimental results on four datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Especially given only three to five labeled samples, the method achieves noticeable upgrades of overall accuracy (OA) against competitive methods.
Development of Gelatin-Coated Hydrogel Microspheres for Novel Bioink Design: A Crosslinker Study

The development of vascularized tissue is a substantial challenge within the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Studies have shown that positively-charged microspheres exhibit dual-functions: (1) facilitation of vascularization and (2) controlled release of bioactive compounds. In this study, gelatin-coated microspheres were produced and processed with either EDC or transglutaminase, two crosslinkers. The results indicated that the processing stages did not significantly impact the size of the microspheres. EDC and transglutaminase had different effects on surface morphology and microsphere stability in a simulated colonic environment. Incorporation of EGM and TGM into bioink did not negatively impact bioprintability (as indicated by density and kinematic viscosity), and the microspheres had a uniform distribution within the scaffold. These microspheres show great potential for tissue engineering applications.
FAM3C in circulating tumor-derived extracellular vesicles promotes non-small cell lung cancer growth in secondary sites

Rationale: Metastasis is a complex process with a molecular underpinning that remains unclear. We hypothesize that cargo proteins conducted by extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from tumors may confer growth and metastasis potential on recipient cells. Here, we report that a cytokine-like secreted protein, FAM3C, contributes to late-stage lung tumor progression. Methods: EV protein profiling was conducted with an unbiased proteomic mass spectrometry analysis on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and normal lung fibroblast cell lines. Expression of FAM3C was confirmed in a panel of NSCLC cell lines, and correlated to the invasive and metastatic potentials. Functional phenotype of endogenous FAM3C and tumor-derived EVs (TDEs) were further investigated using various biological approaches in RNA and protein levels. Metastasis potential of TDEs secreted by FAM3C-overexpressing carcinoma cells was validated in mouse models. Results: Transcriptomic meta-analysis of pan-cancer datasets confirmed the overexpression of FAM3C - a gene encoding for interleukin-like EMT inducer (ILEI) - in NSCLC tumors, with strong association with poor patient prognosis and cancer metastasis. Aberrant expression of FAM3C in lung carcinoma cells enhances cellular transformation and promotes distant lung tumor colonization. In addition, higher FAM3C concentrations were detected in EVs extracted from plasma samples of NSCLC patients compared to those of healthy subjects. More importantly, we defined a hitherto-unknown mode of microenvironmental crosstalk involving FAM3C in EVs, whereby the delivery and uptake of FAM3C via TDEs enhances oncogenic signaling - in recipient cells that phenocopies the cell-endogenous overexpression of FAM3C. The oncogenicity transduced by FAM3C is executed via a novel interaction with the Ras-related protein RalA, triggering the downstream activation of the Src/Stat3 signaling cascade. Conclusions: Our study describes a novel mechanism for FAM3C-driven carcinogenesis and shed light on EV FAM3C as a driver for metastatic lung tumors that could be exploited for cancer therapeutics.
MODERN INFORMATION SYSTEMS SECURITY MEANS

The article provides a thorough review of current research on information security means available for the endpoint protection. In the first chapter, categories and features of types of threats to information security are considered. The second chapter provides a general description of threat analysis methods, compares static, dynamic, hybrid malware analysis methods and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. The third chapter considers the modern methods of detecting and mitigating threats to information systems, as well as the peculiarities of their implementation. The purpose of this article is to provide a general overview of the current state of information security and existing modern methods of protecting information systems from possible threats.