Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do Transformer Networks Improve the Discovery of Rules from Text?

With their Discovery of Inference Rules from Text (DIRT) algorithm, Lin and Pantel (2001) made a seminal contribution to the field of rule acquisition from text, by adapting the distributional hypothesis of Harris (1954) to rules that model binary relations such as X treat Y. DIRT’s relevance is renewed in today’s neural era given the recent focus on interpretability in the field of natural language processing. We propose a novel take on the DIRT algorithm, where we implement the distributional hypothesis using the contextualized embeddings provided by BERT, a transformer-network-based language model (Vaswani et al. 2017; Devlin et al. 2018). In particular, we change the similarity measure between pairs of slots (i.e., the set of words matched by a rule) from the original formula that relies on lexical items to a formula computed using contextualized embeddings. We empirically demonstrate that this new similarity method yields a better implementation of the distributional hypothesis, and this, in turn, yields rules that outperform the original algorithm in the question answering-based evaluation proposed by Lin and Pantel (2001).
Optimal Aerodynamic Design of Conventional and Coaxial Helicopter Rotors in Hover and Forward Flight

Abstract : This dissertation investigates the optimal aerodynamic performance and design of conventional and coaxial helicopters in hover and forward flight using conventional and higher harmonic blade pitch control. First, we describe a method for determining the blade geometry, azimuthal blade pitch inputs, optimal shaft angle (rotor angle of attack), and division of propulsive and lifting forces among the components that minimize the total power for a given forward flight condition. The optimal design problem is cast as a variational statement that is discretized using a vortex lattice wake to model inviscid forces, combined with two-dimensional drag polars to model profile losses. The resulting nonlinear constrained optimization problem is solved via Newton iteration. We investigate the optimal design of a compound vehicle in forward flight comprised of a coaxial rotor system, a propeller, and optionally, a fixed wing. We show that higher harmonic control substantially reduces required power, and that both rotor and propeller efficiencies play an important role in determining the optimal shaft angle, which in turn effects the optimal design of each component. Second, we present a variational approach for determining the optimal (minimum power) torque-balanced coaxial hovering rotor using Blade Element Momentum Theory including swirl. We show that the optimal hovering coaxial rotor generates only a small percentage of its total thrust on the portion of the lower rotor operating in the upper rotor's contracted wake, resulting in an optimal design with very different upper and lower rotor twist and chord distributions. We also show that the swirl component of induced velocity has a relatively small effect on rotor performance at the disk loadings typical of helicopter rotors. Third, we describe a more refined model of the wake of a hovering conventional or coaxial rotor.
Definition of Virtual Network Topology Manager (VNTM) for PCE-based Inter-Layer MPLS and GMPLS Traffic Engineering

A network may be built from multiple layers that may be technology- specific divisions, or may be administrative divisions. It is important to globally optimize network resource utilization, taking into account all layers, rather than optimizing resource utilization at each layer independently. This allows better network efficiency to be achieved through a process that we call inter- layer traffic engineering (TE). The Virtual Network Topology (VNT) is defined as the network topology formed by lower-layer LSPs and advertised to the higher layer as TE links. The Path Computation Element (PCE) can be a powerful tool to achieve inter-layer traffic engineering, but requires a separate function to manage and control the VNT. This document defines the VNT Manager (VNTM), which manages and controls the VNT for PCE-based inter-layer traffic engineering.
Research on the Topology of Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Converters

The spread of multilevel converters in high- voltage and large-capacity fields is restrained due to complicated topologies, therefore some new topologies are proposed continuously in recent years. In this paper, a detailed ananysis of novel cascaded multilever converters is included. The PWM stategy and rectifier topology of hybrid cascaded converters, which have the most applicable value, is improved to solve the problems that the reverse current of DC bus and the harmonic suppression of rectifier. On this basis, the topology of hybrid cascaded multilevel converters for 3-10kV drives is proposed, and the simulation and experimental results are presented. The proposed converter accords with the develop character of the present semiconductor devices, and optimizes the conventional cascaded converter structure.
Participant Experience of the First Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) from Pakistan

Background: In recent years, massive open online courses (MOOCs) have steadily gained popularity. It appears, however, that MOOC learners are concentrated mostly in the affluent English-speaking countries. MOOCs’ free-of-cost, easy accessibility should make them obviously attractive to participants from low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC). The reason why LMIC enrollments in MOOCs are so low is therefore unclear. In the year 2014, the first MOOC was launched from Pakistan. We administered a survey to the enrollees of this MOOC to explore concerns, fears, and limitations that might be deterring the LMIC audience from participating in MOOCs. Methods: The MOOC was a three-week course on bioinformatics that covered current concepts and techniques employed in the area of computer-based drug design. More than 230 participants enrolled for this course. At the end of the course, to examine the MOOC experience from their perspective, we invited the participants to take an online survey. Results: Fifty-four participants, mostly from Pakistan, completed the survey. The participants reported satisfaction with the course, and felt that the course participation was an enriching experience. Although they appeared eager to explore MOOC learning, we found that the learners from LMICs may not be completely comfortable with various aspects of online learning. Conclusion: Our results indicate that there is a definite market for MOOCs in LMICs. Computer accessibility and literacy must be enhanced in the LMICs to allow the citizens of these regions to feel comfortable with e-learning. Moreover, LMIC nations acknowledge their own unique learning cultures and experiences when they produce and share their MOOC offerings with the world.
Security in a Web 2.0 World

Web 2.0 has brought enumerable benefits as well as daunting problems of securing transactions, computers, and identities. Powerful hacker techniques, including cross-site scripting (XSS) and cross-site request forgery (CSRF), are used to exploit applications to reveal and steal, at the worst, confidential information and money, or, at the least, cause trouble and waste time and money for reasons that may be best described as fun or simply possible to do. The people interested in transgressing Web 2.0 applications do so for money, prestige, or for the challenge. An infamous hacker from the early days of the Internet now heads his own Internet security company. A more recent hacker of some infamy has created a stir of concern and consternation as to how pervasive and potentially destructive hacker attacks can be. Securing Web 2.0 applications requires a multifaceted approach involving improved code development standards, organizational policy changes, protected servers and workstations, and aggressive law enforcement. IntroductIon With the multitude of benefits derived from the various Web 2.0 technologies, it is unfortunate that this book needs a chapter on security. Although the collaborations, synergies, and transformations of the collective Web technologies (known as Web 2.0) have immeasurably changed society in a good way, there is a bad element that we must recognize, understand, and defend against. The relatively open and participative nature of Web 2.0 is, at once, a strength and weakness. Opening sites to user content and comment creates synergies that would not exist had the sites been restricted to a select few. However, it is difficult to restrict user input to only positive discourse; various motivations compel some to poison this well we know as Web 2.0. Collectively, the responsibility and burden falls on organizations and individuals to share in constraining the enablers to minimize the damage to our 2.0 Web sites. Although it is helpful to understand the motivations behind the various (and growing) attacks, it is more important to follow best practices in code development and security design (Evers, DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60566-122-3.ch005
Integrating Conceptual and Empirical Approaches for Software Engineering Research

This chapter addresses the systemic integration of conceptual and empirical methods in Software Engineering (SWE) research in terms of the systems approach, where theory, empiricism, and pragmatics are combined as required in the research phases. The following themes form the framework of systemic integration during SWE research processes: Theme 1 Research Planning (Problem Analysis & Literature Review); Theme 2 – Proposal Development; Theme 3 – Conceptualization; Theme 4 – Experimentation and Research Validation. An illustrative research example is provided in terms of the four themes. The purpose of this research example was to provide a way to uncover potential causes of Information Technology (IT) project failures by employing a systemic and holistic approach to identify critical success factors for Project Management (PM). This has enabled the development of an Information Technology Project Management approach, which provides a method to evaluate the critical success factors of a given project, and the alignment of these factors with each other. The systemic methodology and its implementation proposed in this research increase the potential for IT project success by alerting project leaders of potential problems throughout the life of the project. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-0179-6.ch015
The other end of the spectrum? Social cognition in Williams syndrome.

In typical development, social cognitive abilities are, by definition, predictable based on the child’s chronological age. As a consequence, it is difficult to know whether associations between different social cognitive skills and other capabilities reflect underlying causal relationships or mere maturational coincidence. In atypical development, this association between age and ability is disrupted and, in many cases, social cognitive functions appear to develop ‘out of synch’ with one another or with the child’s general developmental level. By looking at developmental disorders and trying to determine the reasons why specific skills may be relatively more impaired in one disorder (or individual) compared with another, it may be possible to tease apart hypothetical causal mechanisms and determine the factors that act as constraints upon development. The preceding chapters in this book have illustrated how the study of social cognitive deficits in autism can illuminate the processes involved in typical social development. In this chapter, we review the socialcognitive capabilities of individuals with Williams syndrome – a rare genetic disorder that is often seen as representing the opposite of autism.
A qualitative study of workflow and information systems within Emergency Departments in the UK

Background: Health Information Technology (HIT) has the potential to improve the quality and efficiency of healthcare delivery and reduce costs. However, the integration of HIT into healthcare workflows has experienced a range of issues during its implementation. It can adversely impact healthcare workflows, therefore reducing efficiency and safety in healthcare delivery. As healthcare settings are characterised by its own workflow, an in-depth understanding of the workflows of where the HIT to be implemented is crucial in order to avoid complexities that can arise. As there is a lack of research investigating an overall ED workflow, both clinical and non-clinical processes and practices, this research aims to gain an in-depth understanding of emergency care workflow which includes the work processes and practices of its clinicians and non-clinicians and its information artefacts. Methodology: This research employed a fieldwork case study approach analysing the work processes and practices of clinicians and non-clinicians in the delivery of emergency care. The approach was used in order to capture the situated nature of the ED workflow. The study was conducted in two emergency care settings located in the UK. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, non-participant observations and documents. A multiple triangulation technique: data triangulation and within-methods triangulation were employed in order to gain an in-depth understanding of the topic. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: The emergency care workflow consisted of multidisciplinary ED team members’ work processes. These work processes were comprised of collaborative clinical and non-clinical tasks and activities in delivering care treatment governed and defined by time-related activities, organisational rules, exceptions and variability. The workflow was supported by both computerised systems and non-computerised information artefacts, such as non-electronic whiteboards and paper-based records and forms, which needed to be used in conjunction with each other. Additionally, the hybrid implementation had also been utilised to support collaborative work of the clinicians and non-clinicians, hence giving the implication that HIT systems should not be designed as purely technical system focusing on single users, but also as a collaborative work system. Conclusion: An ED workflow consists of interrelated care processes, clinical and non-clinical processes. These processes are executed semi-autonomously by clinicians and non-clinicians and governed by time-related organisational constraints, variable and exception-filled, relying on hybrid information architecture. The architecture presented workflow with a number of integration issues. However, its implementation does not only support the functionalities for the delivery of emergency care processes but also the collaborative practices of the clinicians and non-clinicians.
Comparison of Surgical Outcomes of Laparoscopic Glue and Laparoscopic Suture Hernioplasty in Pediatric Female Inguinal Hernia

This study aimed to report the surgical outcomes of laparoscopic glue hernioplasty (LGH) compared with conventional laparoscopic suture hernioplasty (LSH) in pediatric female inguinal hernia repair. We retrospectively analyzed 465 female pediatric patients who underwent laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair between January 2013 and December 2020. LGH and LSH were performed in 95 and 370 cases, respectively. Surgical outcomes (length of hospital stay, operative time, complications, and recurrences) were compared between the LGH and LSH groups. We found that the operation times for bilateral hernia repair were shorter in the LGH group (LGH: 35.5 ± 8.2 min, LSH: 45.2 ± 11.6 min; p < 0.001). No significant differences in complications or recurrences were observed between the two groups during the follow-up period. Our findings suggest that LGH is a feasible and easily applied surgical technique for the treatment of pediatric female inguinal hernia.
Acoustic change complex using short duration stimuli in normal hearing children: temporal resolution and frequency discrimination

Abstract Objective Acoustic Change Complex (ACC) is a cortical auditory evoked potential elicited in response to a change in an ongoing sound. Since it is supposed to reflect auditory discrimination at the cortical level, recording of this potential has recently gained much attention. From a technical standpoint, the stimulus used should be long enough to accommodate the needed change. This research addresses the development and standardization of short duration tonal stimuli which can be implemented in most of the Evoked Potential (EP) equipment used in regular Audiology clinics. Methods Short duration tonal stimuli (500 msec.) were generated and edited using Audacity software. Temporal change was done using gap-in-tones stimuli (6, 10, 30 and 50 msec. in 1000 Hz tone). Frequency change was represented by frequency pairs (2%, 4%, 10% and 25% change from 1000 Hz base frequency). The developed stimuli were then used to generate ACC potential in 41 normal hearing children ranging in age from 2 to 10 years. A comparison was held between ACC response recorded using the different stimuli in reference to percent identifiability, morphology, latency and amplitude measures. Results Gap-in-tones at 10 msec. and 4% frequency change could elicit ACC response in 100% of subjects. ACC had the same morphology of the onset response in the majority of subjects, with longer latency and smaller amplitude. ACC amplitude was consistently affected by magnitude of change. Conclusion ACC was successfully recorded in 100% of normal hearing children using the developed short duration tonal stimuli for temporal change (10 msec.) and frequency change (4%). These stimuli can be uploaded in clinical EP equipment. ACC amplitude could be a better indicator of cortical discrimination compared to latency.
Effect of Coral Aggregates of Blended Cement Concrete Subjected to Different Water Immersion Condition

The increasing use of concrete in construction has caused an increase in the need for resources for concrete mixtures and driving wide-scale mining. One alternate material that can be used for aggregates replacement is coral. Coral aggregates (CA) have similar chemical characteristics to cement. The compressive strength and tensile splitting strength tests of concrete coral aggregates were performed based on the ASTM and ACI standards. This study aims are to investigate the usage of CA as a partial replacement of cement and fine aggregate to increase the strength of concrete at substitution percentages of 0, 5, 10, and 15%. Two different water submerged scenarios of distilled water and salt sea water immersion were applied. The concrete strength test was carried out after 28 days of curing time, with the specified concrete quality of 17 MPa. The results showed that immersion in distilled water has a higher concrete strength than immersion in sea water. The maximum compressive strength of concrete for distilled and sea water immersion is for 0% CA content of 18.47 and 14.89 MPa, respectively. Moreover, the highest value of the split tensile strength of concrete with distilled and sea water immersion is for CA substitution of 5% of 2.52 and 2.5 MPa, respectively. The addition of 5% coral aggregates to cement and fine sand is the optimum combination since it increases the maximum split tensile strength of concrete.
Differences between Portfolio and Traditional Test to Prospective Teachers’ Academic Achievement: A Case of Ruaha Catholic 
University, Tanzania

The use of portfolios towards prospective teachers’ competence acquisition as compared to tests has been of concern to most scholars worldwide. This study therefore sought to determine differences between test and portfolios in academic achievement among Ruaha Catholic University prospective teachers. It involved the use of descriptive survey research design and was guided by one null hypothesis and one alternative hypothesis. The population of the study was four 450 Ruaha Catholic University second year prospective teachers who were studying research methods in education course for the academic year 2020/2021. The sample of the study was 50 participants who were selected by using simple random sampling. Data was collected by using two instruments namely test and portfolio which were administered and then later scores were used for comparison. Findings indicated that there is a statistically significant difference between test and portfolio in academic achievement among the prospective teachers. The study recommends that higher education institutions should put effort on the use of portfolios as one of authentic assessment tools rather that dominantly using traditional paper and pen tests.
The Effects of employee perception of training effectiveness on organizational commitment

In order to cope with rapid changes in current business environment, the pursuit of competitive advantage through the optimal use of human capital is one of the most important strategies to the firms. The employee training plays a key role in cultivating human capital, which can not only bring higher organizational performance but also create strong corporate values. Considering the fact that unique organizational culture in each firm affects the attitudes of organizational members in various ways, we sought to explore the role of organizational culture in order to examine how employee perception of training effectiveness affects organizational commitment. For this purpose, this study tests the relationship between employee perception of training effectiveness and organizational commitment and moderating effects by two types of organizational cultures in this relationship. Based on the analyses of the HCCP data, the results of this study showed that the employee perception of training effectiveness has a significant positive relationship on organizational commitment and that the relationship is constant in the clan-oriented organizational culture, whereas it is significantly weakened under the market-oriented organizational culture.
Manufacture of a Prototype Advanced Permanent Magnet Motor Pod

Podded propulsion is prevalent in the marine industry. Podded propulsion systems provide many advantages to the ship owner, including increased propulsion efficiency and reduced construction cost. To evaluate the potential of a new pod configuration, a prototype machine was constructed and tested. This prototype machine was mainly constructed of composite parts. The propeller, housings, structural blading, motor canning, and fairings were constructed of composite materials. Composite materials were chosen as a cost saving, schedule reduction, performance enhancement, and as a technology demonstration. This paper will review the unit construction, and test results, focusing on the lessons learned for the composite part manufacture.
Survei Perangkat Lunak Sumber Terbuka untuk Business Process Management System Menggunakan Metode Systematic Literature Review

Pada saat sekarang ini, manajemen proses bisnis telah menjadi aset penting untuk kehidupan sehari-hari dalam organisasi karena bussiness process management (BPM) yang memadai dari suatu organisasi dapat membantu mencapai tujuan organisasi. Terutama, penting untuk secara efisien mengelola proses-proses penting untuk kinerja organisasi agar dapat terus meningkat, oleh karena itu meningkatkan produktivitas dan daya saing dalam organisasi (misalnya proses perangkat lunak di perusahaan). Manajemen ini dikaitkan dengan siklus hidup proses, saat ini ada banyak perangkat lunak sumber terbuka untuk Business Process Management Suites (BPMS) yang berperan dalam mengelola siklus hidup ini. Namun, belum semua BPMS yang open source ini memberikan dukungan penuh untuk siklus hidup, sehingga sulit untuk memilih BPMS sumber terbuka yang tepat dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan organisasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyajikan hasil survei tentang BPMS sumber terbuka yang menyoroti setiap fase siklus hidup proses yang memungkinkan organisasi untuk membandingkan antar BPMS sumber terbuka sesuai dengan tujuan organisasi mereka sendiri. Survei ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode sistematic literature review yang menggabungkan tinjauan pustaka sistematis dengan model kualitas. Terakhir, penelitian ini juga menjelaskan bagaimana survei ini dibuat pada BPMS sumber terbuka.