Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulations of Protostellar Jets with Nonequilibrium Cooling. I. Method and Two-dimensional Results

In a series of three papers, multidimensional time-dependent numerical simulations of the propagation of protostellar jets into both uniform and plane stratified ambient media are presented. For the first time these simulations combine a nonequilibrium treatment of optically thin radiative cooling with time-dependent hydrodynamics. Both two- and three-dimensional models are presented; synthetic emission maps and position velocity diagrams are constructed in the latter case for direct comparison to observations. This first paper concentrates on a description of the numerical algorithms needed to solve the coupled time-dependent hydrodynamics and nonequilibrium rate equation. A test problem based on the overstability of radiative shocks is detailed
Interaction of tumor-associated macrophages with stromal and immune components in solid tumors: Research progress (Review)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are crucial cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which belong to the innate immune system and regulate primary tumor growth, immunosuppression, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling and metastasis. The review discusses current knowledge of essential cell-cell interactions of TAMs within the TME of solid tumors. It summarizes the mechanisms of stromal cell (including cancer-associated fibroblasts and endothelial cells)-mediated monocyte recruitment and regulation of differentiation, as well as pro-tumor and antitumor polarization of TAMs. Additionally, it focuses on the perivascular TAM subpopulations that regulate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. It describes the possible mechanisms of reciprocal interactions of TAMs with other immune cells responsible for immunosuppression. Finally, it highlights the perspectives for novel therapeutic approaches to use combined cellular targets that include TAMs and other stromal and immune cells in the TME. The collected data demonstrated the importance of understanding cell-cell interactions in the TME to prevent distant metastasis and reduce the risk of tumor recurrence.
Bioinformatics reveal elevated levels of Myosin Vb in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma patients which correlates to increased cell metabolism and poor prognosis

Carcinoma of the endometrium of the uterus is the most common female pelvic malignancy. Although uterine corpus endometrial cancer (UCEC) has a favorable prognosis if removed early, patients with advanced tumor stages have a low survival rate. These facts highlight the importance of understanding UCEC biology. Computational analysis of RNA-sequencing data from UCEC patients revealed that the molecular motor Myosin Vb (MYO5B) was elevated in the beginning stages of UCEC and occurred in all patients regardless of tumor stage, tumor type, age, menopause status or ethnicity. Although several mutations were identified in the MYO5B gene in UCEC patients, these mutations did not correlate with mRNA expression. Examination of MYO5B methylation revealed that UCEC patients had undermethylated MYO5B and undermethylation was positively correlated with increased mRNA and protein levels. Immunostaining confirmed elevated levels of apical MYO5B in UCEC patients compared to adjacent tissue. UCEC patients with high expressing MYO5B tumors had far worse prognosis than UCEC patients with low expressing MYO5B tumors, as reflected by survival curves. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed significant alterations in metabolism pathways in UCE patients and key metabolism genes were positively correlated with MYO5B mRNA. These data provide the first evidence that MYO5B may participate in UCEC tumor development.
The Nulltimate project: building and testing, at low temperature, achromatic phase shifters to prepare the Darwin mission

In the context of the Darwin mission, aiming to detect terrestrial extrasolar planets, European Space Administration (ESA) has an R&D program trying to solve the crucial problems, like flotilla spacecraft control, optical spatial filtering, etc. One of the key optical devices of this mission will be Achromatic Phase Shifter (APS) able to accurately provide a 180° phase shift in the IR 6 - 18 microns range. The Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS) is leading, in the frame of an ESA granted contract, an European consortium of 9 universities and companies, named Nulltimate, aiming to develop and test three different APS. IAS itself is in charge of the cryogenic test bench facility which is presented here.
DKIST visible broadband imager data processing pipeline

The Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) Data Handling System (DHS) provides the technical framework and building blocks for developing on-summit instrument quality assurance and data reduction pipelines. The DKIST Visible Broadband Imager (VBI) is a first light instrument that alone will create two data streams with a bandwidth of 960 MB/s each. The high data rate and data volume of the VBI require near-real time processing capability for quality assurance and data reduction, and will be performed on-summit using Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) technology. The VBI data processing pipeline (DPP) is the first designed and developed using the DKIST DHS components, and therefore provides insight into the strengths and weaknesses of the framework. In this paper we lay out the design of the VBI DPP, examine how the underlying DKIST DHS components are utilized, and discuss how integration of the DHS framework with GPUs was accomplished. We present our results of the VBI DPP alpha release implementation of the calibration, frame selection reduction, and quality assurance display processing nodes.
Computational study of nanosecond pulsed laser ablation and the application to momentum coupling

During the evaporation and ablation of a matter induced by intensive laser radiation, the vapor plasma is ejected from the surface of the target which induces the recoil pressure and impulse in the target. Impulse coupling of laser beams with matter has been extensively studied as the basis of laser propulsion and laser clearing space debris. A one-dimensional (1D) bulk absorption model to simulate the solid target ablated directly by the laser beam is presented; numerical calculation of impulse acting on the target in vacuum with different laser parameters is performed with fluid dynamics theory and 1D Lagrange difference scheme. The calculated results of the impulse coupling coefficients are in good agreement with the experimental results and Phipps’ empirical value. The simulated results show that the mechanical coupling coefficients decrease with the increment of laser intensity when the laser pulses generate plasma. The present model can be applied when the laser intensity is 108 – 1010 W/cm2, which .
Glycolytic Pfkp acts as a Lin41 protein kinase to promote endodermal differentiation of embryonic stem cells

Unveiling the principles governing embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation into specific lineages is critical for understanding embryonic development and for stem cell applications in regenerative medicine. Here, we establish an intersection between LIF‐Stat3 signaling that is essential for maintaining murine (m) ESCs pluripotency, and the glycolytic enzyme, the platelet isoform of phosphofructokinase (Pfkp). In the pluripotent state, Stat3 transcriptionally suppresses Pfkp in mESCs while manipulating the cells to lift this repression results in differentiation towards the ectodermal lineage. Pfkp exhibits substrate specificity changes to act as a protein kinase, catalyzing serine phosphorylation of the developmental regulator Lin41. Such phosphorylation stabilizes Lin41 by impeding its autoubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, permitting Lin41‐mediated binding and destabilization of mRNAs encoding ectodermal specification markers to favor the expression of endodermal specification genes. This provides new insights into the wiring of pluripotency‐differentiation circuitry where Pfkp plays a role in germ layer specification during mESC differentiation.
An orthogonal subspace projection approach for face recognition

Face recognition has been widely used to automatically identify and verify a person. In this paper, we proposed a new approach based on orthogonal subspace projection (OSP) to identification of human faces. In linear mixture model of the face images, the OSP faces of the training images are calculated by using orthogonal subspace projection approach and the signal-to noise ratio maximization. And the weight parameter of the input image is obtained to do face recognition.
NbO2F: An oxyfluoride phase with wide band gap and electrochromic properties

It was demonstrated that the oxyfluoride NbO2F with an ReO3-type structure is a promising electrochromic material with wide band gap. Measurement of diffuse reflectance spectra revealed the optical band gap of NbO2F (∼3.1 eV) to be wider than that of WO3 (∼2.6 eV). It was rendered electron conductive by heating at 770 K in the presence of Pt powder in H2. Electrical conductivity for the blue-colored sintered sample of NbO2F obtained was 6×10−3 S cm−1 at 300 K, and a temperature dependence showed the semiconductive behaviors. A reversible electrochromism between pale-blue and deep-blue-color was found in H2SO4 and Na2SO4 aqueous solution.
The continuum of attention dysfunction: Evidence from dynamic functional network connectivity analysis in neurotypical adolescents

The question of whether attention-related disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are best understood as clinical categories or as extreme ends of a spectrum is an ongoing debate. Assessing individuals with varying degrees of attention problems and utilizing novel methodologies to assess relationships between attention and brain activity may provide key information to support the spectrum hypothesis. We scanned 91 neurotypical adolescents during rest using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We conducted static and dynamic functional network connectivity (FNC) analysis and correlated findings to behavioral metrics of ADHD, attention problems, and impulsivity. We found that dynamic FNC analysis detects significant differences in large-scale neural connectivity as a function of individual differences in attention and impulsivity that are obscured in static analysis. We show ADHD manifestations and attention problems are associated with diminished Salience Network-centered FNC and that ADHD manifestations and impulsivity are associated with prolonged periods of dynamically hyperconnected states. Importantly, our meta-state analysis results reveal a relationship between ADHD manifestations and exhibiting variable and volatile dynamic behavior such as changing meta-states more often and traveling over a greater dynamic range. These findings in non-clinical adolescents provide support for the continuum model of attention disorders.
Current‐induced displacements of Bloch walls in Ni‐Fe films of thickness 120–740 nm

Rectangular current pulses of duration 0.14 μs, flowing across Bloch domain walls in Ni81Fe19 films, cause displacements Δx of these walls, observable by Kerr‐contrast microscopy. In zero magnetic field, Δx reaches ≂14 μm/pulse at current densities ≂30% above the value jc where wall motion starts. This critical current density is jc≂1.2×1010 A/m2 for a film thickness w=263 nm. We have measured jc versus film thickness for w=120–740 nm, and find jc∝w−2.1. This suggests strongly that the observed wall motion is associated with an S‐shaped distortion of the wall by the circumferential magnetic field of the current. This wall distortion is limited by the wall surface tension. The wall structure becomes that of the so‐called asymmetric Neel wall. Through wall distortion, the current pulse pumps kinetic energy and momentum into the wall. This kinetic energy is then dissipated during ballistic wall motion happening largely after the end of the pulse. We also find jc to be independent of pulse duration.
Targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress—the responder to lipotoxicity and modulator of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases

ABSTRACT Introduction Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs with aberrant lipid accumulation and resultant adverse effects and widely exists in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore ER homeostasis and actively participates in NAFLD pathological processes, including hepatic steatosis, inflammation, hepatocyte death, and fibrosis. Such acknowledges drive the discovery of novel NAFLD biomarker and therapeutic targets and the development of ER-stress targeted NAFLD drugs. Areas covered This article discusses and updates the role of ER stress and UPR in NAFLD, the underlying action mechanism, and especially their full participation in NAFLD pathophysiology. It characterizes key molecular targets useful for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD and highlights the recent ER stress-targeted therapeutic strategies for NAFLD. Expert opinion Targeting ER Stress is a valuable and promising strategy for NAFLD treatment, but its smooth translation into clinical application still requires better clarification of the different UPR patterns in diverse NAFLD physiological states. Further understanding of the distinct effects of these various patterns on NAFLD, the thresholds deciding their final impacts, and their actions via non-liver tissues and cells would be of great help to develop a precise and effective therapy for NAFLD.
Is it really safe to replace decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) with decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE)?: A perspective from hepatotoxicity

In this paper, the hepatocytotoxicity and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activity of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) and other 18 analogues were evaluated in vitro using human normal liver cell L02. These dioxin‐like compounds showed differential hepatocytotoxicity (EC50 = 0.38–17.87 mg/L) and AHR activity (EROD activity = 4.53–46.35 U/μg). In silico study indicated the distance of π‐π bonds between the benzene ring of compounds and residue Phe234 of AHR played a key role in the binding of AHR, and the substituents on the benzene ring also influenced the activity. Combining molecular biology and bioomics, the comprehensive investigations on the hepatotoxic mechanisms have demonstrated the AHR signaling pathway was the key mediation mechanism for the hepatotoxicity of DBDPE/BDE209. The cytochrome P450s (CYP2 family) mediated formation of reactive oxygenated intermediates might be the dominant toxic mechanism, which could produce oxidative stress or cause genotoxicity. Although the experimental toxicity of DBDPE was smaller relative to BDE209, the health risk of DBDPE may be much greater than we expected, due to the high potential to form a variety of dioxin‐like intermediates by microbial oxidation of ethyl group. Therefore, whether it is really safe to replace BDE209 with DBDPE is a debatable question, and more ecotoxicological and health data are needed to clarify this issue.
G Protein–Coupled Estrogen Receptor GPER: Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutic Applications

The actions of estrogens and related estrogenic molecules are complex and multifaceted in both sexes. A wide array of natural, synthetic, and therapeutic molecules target pathways that produce and respond to estrogens. Multiple receptors promulgate these responses, including the classical estrogen receptors of the nuclear hormone receptor family (estrogen receptors α and β), which function largely as ligand-activated transcription factors, and the 7-transmembrane G protein–coupled estrogen receptor, GPER, which activates a diverse array of signaling pathways. The pharmacology and functional roles of GPER in physiology and disease reveal important roles in responses to both natural and synthetic estrogenic compounds in numerous physiological systems. These functions have implications in the treatment of myriad disease states, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders. This review focuses on the complex pharmacology of GPER and summarizes major physiological functions of GPER and the therapeutic implications and ongoing applications of GPER-targeted compounds.
Robust stabilization of uncertain linear systems: quadratic stabilizability and H/sup infinity / control theory

The problem of robustly stabilizing a linear uncertain system is considered with emphasis on the interplay between the time-domain results on the quadratic stabilization of uncertain systems and the frequency-domain results on H/sup infinity / optimization. A complete solution to a certain quadratic stabilization problem in which uncertainty enters both the state and the input matrices of the system is given. Relations between these robust stabilization problems and H/sup infinity / control theory are explored. It is also shown that in a number of cases, if a robust stabilization problem can be solved via Lyapunov methods, then it can be also be solved via H/sup infinity / control theory-based methods. >
Space--times with distribution valued curvature tensors

A space–time in which in an admissible coordinate system the metric tensor is continuous but has a finite jump in its first and second derivatives across a submanifold will have a curvature tensor containing a Dirac delta function. The support of this distribution may be of three, two, or one dimension or may even consist of a single event. Lichnerowicz’s formalism for dealing with such tensors is modified so as to obtain a formalism in which the Bianchi identities are satisfied in the sense of distributions. The resulting formalism is then applied to the discussion of the Einstein field equations for problems in which the source of the gravitational field is given by a distribution valued stress‐energy tensor. Gravitational shocks are also discussed and their theory is compared with that of high‐frequency gravitational waves given by Y. Choquet‐Bruhat. By considering a class of line sources as obtainable from cylindrical shells by a limiting process, as was proposed by Israel, one may use the distributio.
Promoting Molecular Exchange on Rare-Earth Oxycarbonate Surfaces to Catalyze the Water–Gas Shift Reaction

It is highly desirable to fabricate an accessible catalyst surface that can efficiently activate reactants and desorb products to promote the local surface reaction equilibrium in heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, rare-earth oxycarbonates (Ln2O2CO3, where Ln = La and Sm), which have molecular-exchangeable (H2O and CO2) surface structures according to the ordered layered arrangement of Ln2O22+ and CO32– ions, are unearthed. On this basis, a series of Ln2O2CO3-supported Cu catalysts are prepared through the deposition precipitation method, which provides excellent catalytic activity and stability for the water–gas shift (WGS) reaction. Density functional theory calculations combined with systematic experimental characterizations verify that H2O spontaneously dissociates on the surface of Ln2O2CO3 to form hydroxyl by eliminating the carbonate through the release of CO2. This interchange efficiently promotes the WGS reaction equilibrium shift on the local surface and prevents the carbonate accumulation from hindering the active sites. The discovery of the unique layered structure provides a so-called “self-cleaning” active surface for the WGS reaction and opens new perspectives about the application of rare-earth oxycarbonate nanomaterials in C1 chemistry.
Observation of 430 nm Electroluminescence from ZnO/GaN Heterojunction Light-Emitting Diodes

In this work, we report on the growth, fabrication, and device characterization of wide-band-gap heterojunction light-emitting diodes based on the n-ZnO/p-GaN material system. The layer structure is achieved by first growing a Mg-doped GaN film of thickness 1 μm on Al2O3(0001) by molecular-beam epitaxy, then by growing Ga-doped ZnO film of thickness 1 μm by chemical vapor deposition on the p-GaN layer. Room-temperature electroluminescence in the blue-violet region with peak wavelength 430 nm is observed from this structure under forward bias. Light–current characteristics of these light-emitting diodes are reported, and a superlinear behavior in the low current range with a slope 1.9 and a sublinear behavior with a slope 0.85 in the high current range are observed.
Evaluation of the antioxidant potency of Greek honey from the Taygetos and Pindos mountains using a combination of cellular and molecular methods

Honey is a complex mixture, containing ~180 compounds, produced by the Apis melifera bees, with promising antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Nevertheless, the mechanisms through which honey exerts its effects remain under investigation. Plant antioxidants are found in honey and other bee products exhibiting a high bioactivity and molecular diversity. The aim of the present study was to estimate the antioxidant capacity of honey collected from areas in Greece by small-scale producers by i) using in vitro cell free assays; and ii) by investigating the effects of honey varieties on the redox status of a liver cancer cell line (HepG2) using non-cytotoxic concentrations. The findings of the present study will allow for the identification of Greek honeys with promising antioxidant capacity. For this purpose, six types of honey with various floral origins were examined in cell-free assays followed by cell-based techniques using flow cytometric analysis and redox biomarker level determination in order to evaluate the potential alterations in the intracellular redox system. The results indicated various mechanisms of action that are dependent on the honey type, concentration dependency and high antioxidant capacity. The extended findings from the literature confirm the ability of raw honey to influence the redox status of HepG2 cells. Nevertheless additional investigations are required to elucidate their mechanisms of action in cell line models.