Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flat Foot Classification Using Principal Component Analysis Applied To Ground Reaction Forces

Statistical pattern recognition techniques were applied to discriminate between healthy and Hal fool children through ground reaction force (GRF) measurements. 28 young subjects (age 11.8 ± 1.8) with symptomatic flexible flat foot, and 13 healthy subjects (age 10.1 ± 1.4) took part on this preliminar study. The Karhunen-Locvc expansion with Fukunaga-Koonlz normalization was applied to each GRF component to extract concise and discriminant features from the original data. The best performances of the classifying process were obtained using three principal components of both vertical and fore-aft GRF projections. Both linear and quadratic Hayes classifiers were designed with 9.2% and 4.9% total misclassification errors for vertical, and 14.9% and 9.5% for fore-aft projections, respectively. Analysis of correlation between the patterns of each class and the first principal component demonstrates that the most representative factors in the functional diagnosis of flat foot are the less absorption in the fore-aft component and the reduction of the second vertical peak during push-off.
Generalized estimating equations: A hybrid approach for mean parameters in multivariate regression models

We propose an extension of the generalized estimating equation approach to multivariate regression models (Liang and Zeger, 1986) which allows the estimation of dispersion and association parameters in the covariance matrix partly using estimating equations as in Prentice and Zhao (1991), and partly by the direct use of consistent estimators. The advantages of this hybrid approach over that of Prentice and Zhao (1991) are a reduction in the number of fourth moment assumptions that must be made, and the consequent reduction in numerical complexity. We show that the type of estimation used for covariance parameters does not affect the asymptotic efficiency of the mean parameter estimates. The advantages of the hybrid model are illustrated by a simulation study. This work was motivated by problems in statistical genetics, and we illustrate our approach using a twin study examining association between the osteocalcin receptor and various osteoporisis-related traits.
Multifractality in combustion noise: predicting an impending combustion instability

Abstract The transition in dynamics from low-amplitude, aperiodic, combustion noise to high-amplitude, periodic, combustion instability in confined, combustion environments was studied experimentally in a laboratory-scale combustor with two different flameholding devices in a turbulent flow field. We show that the low-amplitude, irregular pressure fluctuations acquired during stable regimes, termed ‘combustion noise’, display scale invariance and have a multifractal signature that disappears at the onset of combustion instability. Traditional analysis often treats combustion noise and combustion instability as acoustic problems wherein the irregular fluctuations observed in experiments are often considered as a stochastic background to the dynamics. We demonstrate that the irregular fluctuations contain useful information of prognostic value by defining representative measures such as Hurst exponents that can act as early warning signals to impending instability in fielded combustors.
Approaching Shannon's capacity limit by 0.27 dB using Hamming codes in a 'turbo'-decoding scheme

The Shannon capacity limit can be reached by less than 0.27 dB at a BER of 10/sup -5/ by applying long but simple Hamming codes as component codes to an iterative 'turbo'-decoding scheme. In general, the complexity of soft-in/soft-out decoding of binary block codes is rather high. However, the application of a neurocomputer in combination with a parallelization of the decoding rule facilitates an implementation of the decoding algorithm in the logarithmic domain which requires only matrix additions and multiplications.
Expansions and asymptotics associated with basic hypergeometric functions and modified q-Bessel functions

Abstract. In this paper, the expansion of a basic confluent hypergeometric function in terms of an incomplete q-gamma function is investigated and shown to be an asymptotic expansion for a basic confluent hypergeometric function and a q-analogue of the Hadamard expansion. The general expansion associated with a basic hypergeometric function is introduced. In special cases, this provides alternative derivations of the q-Hadamard expansion. Expansions and asymptotics for modified q-Bessel functions are derived as special cases from the general expansion.
Existence de certaines connexions plates invariantes sur les groupes de Lie

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A Robust Steerable Pyramid-Based Image Matching Algorithm

Image matchingis an active topic in computer vision andimage processing.The steerable filter was usedto over-come the translation-and-rotation-sensitive of the wavelet transform.The rigidtransformation was consideredinthe proposed algo-rithm.The rotated angle was computed approximately byring-projection method at the lowest level of image’s decomposition.Theinteresting points were extracted as image feature andthe Hausdorff distance was usedto measure the similarity betweenthe refer-ence image andinput imageinthe rest level of image’s decompositiontorefine matchingresult.Through a coarse-to-finefast pro-cedure,the final matching results could be achieved.Experimental results verifythe algorithmis rather accurate and robust.
The Momentum of the Technology of the Classroom

The adoption of new technology by educators offers many challenges. The adoption and offering of online courses is in many ways impacted by the momentum of the technology which preceded it, the classroom. Technical momentum refers to the “inertia of motion” which large technological systems develop “as organizations and people committed by various interests to the system” support the continuation of the system and work to prevent change (Hughes, 1989, p.76-77). The purpose of this paper is to gain insight into the adoption of online courses by university professors through applying the technological systems theory of change and specifically the concept of technological momentum.
CONSTRUCTIONS OF SPECTRAL TRIPLES ON C*-ALGEBRAS

We present some techniques in the construction of spectral triples for C*-algebras, in particular those which determine a compatible metric on the state space, which provides a noncommutative analogue of geodesic distance between points on a manifold. The main body of the thesis comprises three sections. In the first, we provide a further analysis on the existence of spectral triples on crossed products by discrete groups and their interplay with classical metric dynamics. Dynamical systems arising from non-unital C*-algebras and certain semidirect products of groups are considered. The second section is a construction of spectral triples for certain unital extensions by stable ideals, using the language of unbounded Kasparov theory as presented by Mesland, Kaad and others, These ideas can be implemented for both the equatorial Podle\'s spheres and quantum SU2 group. Finally, we investigate the potential of the construction of twisted spectral triples, as outlined by Connes and Moscovici. We achieve a construction of twisted spectral triples on all simple Cuntz-Krieger algebras, whose unique KMS state is obtained from the asymptotics of the Dirac.
ASplit-combinationMethodforMergi ngInconsistent Possibilistic Knowledge Bases

In this paper, a new method for merging multiple inconsistent knowledge bases in the framework of possibilistic logic is presented. We divide the fusion process into two steps: one is called the splitting step and the other is called the combination step. Given several inconsistent possibilistic knowledge bases (i.e. the union of these possibilistic bases is inconsistent), we split each of them into two subbases according to the upper free degree of their union, such that one subbase contains formulas whose necessity degrees are less than the upper free degree and the other contains formulas whose necessity degrees are greater than the upper free degree. In the second step, we combine the former using the maximum (or more generally, T-conorm) combination mode, while combining the latter using the minimum (or more generally, T-norm) combination mode. The union of the possibilistic bases obtained by the second step is taken as the final result of the combination of the possibilistic bases that we want to merge. We prove that when the possibilistic bases are consistent with each other, the result of our new combination method is equivalent to that of the minimum (T-norm) based combination mode. However, when the sources are inconsistent with each other, the result of our combination mode is better than that obtained by using the maximum (T-conorm) based mode. An alternative approach to splitting the possibilistic bases is introduced in the last section. The combination mode obtained by this splitting method can be applied to combine knowledge bases which are flat, i.e., without any priority between their elements.
Improved jet noise modeling using a new acoustic time scale

To calculate the noise emanating from a turbulent flow (such as a jet flow) using Lighthill's analogy, knowledge concerning the unsteady characteristics of the turbulence is required. Specifically, the form of the turbulent correlation tensor together with various time and length-scales and convection velocities are needed. However, if we are using a RANS calculation then we obtain only steady characteristics of the flow and it is then necessary to model the unsteady behaviour in some way. While there has been considerable attention given to the correct way to model the form of the correlation tensor (or equivalently the spectral density), less attention has been given to underlying physics that dictate the proper choice of timescale. In early studies various authors tended to assume that the acoustic timescale was proportional to the turbulent dissipation rate but later studies have revealed that a frequency dependent relationship gives better results. In this paper we recognise that there are several time dependent processes occurring within a turbulent flow and propose a new way of defining an acoustic timescale. An isothermal single-flow M0.75 jet has been chosen for the present study and essential fluid dynamic information and turbulent parameters have been obtained using a modified k-e method. The jet noise prediction at 90 deg is found using Lighthill's analogy and directivity is estimated using an asymptotic solution of Lilley's formulation. Predictions reveal good agreement between the noise predictions and observations. Furthermore, the new time-scale has an inherent frequency dependency that arises naturally from the underlying physics thus avoiding supplementary mathematical enhancements to the model.
Development of an All-Fiber Coherent Laser Radar for Precision Range and Velocity Measurements

An all-fiber coherent laser radar system capable of high-resolution range and line of sight velocity measurements is under development with a goal to aid NASA's new Space Exploration initiative for manned and robotic missions to the Moon and Mars. Precision range and velocity data are key parameters to navigating planetary landing pods to the pre-selected site and achieving autonomous safe soft-landing. By employing a combination of optical heterodyne and linear frequency modulation techniques [1-3] and utilizing state-of-the-art fiber optic technologies, highly efficient, compact and reliable laser radar suitable for operation in a space environment is being developed. The all-fiber coherent laser radar has several important advantages over more conventional pulsed laser altimeters or range finders. One of the advantages of the coherent laser radar is its ability to directly measure the platform velocity by extracting the Doppler shift generated by the platform motion. The Doppler velocity measurement is about two orders of magnitude more accurate than the velocity estimates obtained by laser altimeters using the rate of change in range [4]. Another advantage is continuous-wave operation that allows the use of highly efficient and reliable commercial off-the-shelf fiber optic telecommunication components. This paper will describe the design and operation of this laser radar sensor and discuss its projected performance. A laboratory breadboard system has already been developed as a step toward a flight prototype. The experimental data representing the potentials of this laser radar system will be reported.
ON THE COMPUTATION OF DEGREES-OF-FREEDOM:A DIDACTIC PERSPECTIVE

Some didactic issues associated with the computation of degrees-of-freedom (d.o.f.) are herein discussed. In particular the paper reports different definitions and methodologies of computation of this important parameter. It is also proposed an analytical approach to the d.o. f. computation of planar figures subjected to unilateral constraints. Mechanisms with variable kinematic structure are included in the present analysis. Some ambiguities in the d.o. f. definition are pointed out.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Phase-Field Models for Multi-Component Fluid Flows

In this paper, we review the recent development of phase-field models and their numerical methods for multi-component fluid flows with interfacial phenomena. The models consist of a Navier-Stokes system coupled with a multi-component Cahn-Hilliard system through a phase-field dependent surface tension force, variable density and viscosity, and the advection term. The classical infinitely thin boundary of separation between two immiscible fluids is replaced by a transition region of a small but finite width, across which the composition of the mixture changes continuously. A constant level set of the phase-field is used to capture the interface between two immiscible fluids. Phase-field methods are capable of computing topological changes such as splitting and merging, and thus have been applied successfully to multi-component fluid flows involving large interface deformations. Practical applications are provided to illustrate the usefulness of using a phase-field method. Computational results of various experiments show the accuracy and effectiveness of phase-field models.
Equivalent Formulations of the Borsuk-Ulam Theorem

Let R° denote a space consisting of just one point and for each positive integer n let Rn denote euclidean n-space. For each non-negative integer n let Sn denote the n-sphere In 1933 K. Borsuk published proofs of the following two theorems (2, p. 178).
LENS STATISTICS WITH GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED YET MORPHOLOGICALLY REGULAR IMAGES

GRAMORs are GRAvitationally highly magnified yet MORphologically regular images. An example of this phenomenon was discovered in the cluster MACS J1149.5+2223 in 2009. We investigate the lens statistics of GRAMORs in detail. Assuming a NFW profile for a sample of clusters, we calculate the expected number and redshift distribution of GRAMORs using parameters from COSMOS data for the number density of the background galaxy. A model with a cluster placed at z = 0.544 based on WMAP5 cosmology predicts the redshift of a GRAMOR at z ≃ 1.49 ? > which is close to the observed z = 1.4906. These results show that the expected number of GRAMORs is about two per cluster in the most likely case, and thus a large number of GRAMORs would be observed in a systematic survey. The probability distribution function of source redshift for GRAMORs depends strongly on dark energy and may be useful for constraining the nature of dark energy.
A Fast Hierarchical Motion-Compensation Scheme

Colnmls Abstract- This paper presents a fast hierarchical feature matching-motion estimation scheme (HFM-ME) that can be used in H.263, H.261, MPEG 1, MPEG 2, and HDTV applications. In the HFM-ME scheme, the sign truncated feature (STF) is defined and used for block template matching, as opposed to the pixel intensity values used in conventional block matching methods. The STF extraction process can be considered as a zero-crossing phase detection with the mean as the bias and binary sign pattern as the phase deviation. Using the STF definition, a data block can be represented by a mean and a set of binary features with a much reduced data set. The block matching motion estimation is then divided to mean matching and binary phase matching. The proposed technique enables a significant reduction in computational complexity compared with the conventional full-search block matching ME because binary phase matching only involves Boolean logic operations. This feature also significantly reduces the data transfer time between the frame buffer and motion estimator. The proposed HFM-ME algorithm is implemented and compared with the conventional full-search block matching schemes. Our test results using three full-motion MPEG sequences indicate that the performance of the HFM-ME is comparable with the full-search block matching under the same search ranges, however, HFM-ME can be implemented about 64 times faster than the conventional full-search schemes. The proposed scheme can be combined with other fast algorithms to further reduce the computational complexity, at the expense of picture quality.
Multi-model predictive transform estimation

The minimum mean square error (MSE) predictive transform (PT) signal modeling and estimation formalism is extended to the case when the requisite ensemble statistics are not available a priori. This is achieved by the introduction of a comprehensive continuous-update multi-model predictive transform (PT) estimation approach. The system consists of a bank of N, say, PT estimators whose individual conditional estimates are combined into a weighted sum (linear combiner) to produce an overall estimate which is then fed back to each constituent estimator to provide better tracking, of rapid statistical variations, e.g. edges-especially for the filtering case. The determination of the weights is based on an adaptive decisioning algorithm. Unlike the partitioning or multimodel approaches of D.G. Lainiotis (1976) and D.T. Magill (1965), the presence of the overall feedback introduces coupling between the constituent estimators, although the computations can still be performed in parallel. The stability properties of this nonlinear estimation technique are investigated and a set of sufficient conditions is obtained which insures bounded input bounded output stability. <<ETX>>
OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE FOR VARIATIONS OF THE ACOUSTIC CUTOFF FREQUENCY WITH HEIGHT IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE

Direct evidence for the existence of an acoustic cutoff frequency in the solar atmosphere is given by observations performed by using the HELioseismological Large Regions Interferometric DEvice operating on the Vacuum Tower Telescope located on Tenerife. The observational results demonstrate variations of the cutoff with atmospheric heights. The observed variations of the cutoff are compared to theoretical predictions made by using five acoustic cutoff frequencies that have been commonly used in helioseismology and asteroseismology. The comparison shows that none of the theoretical predictions is fully consistent with the observational data. The implication of this finding is far reaching as it urgently requires either major revisions of the existing methods of finding acoustic cutoff frequencies or developing new methods that would much better account for the physical picture underlying the concept of cutoff frequencies in inhomogeneous media.
Live Coding in Music Theater—A Comprehensive Technique? The Case of Dumrul and the Grim Reaper

abstract:The author analyzes the play Dumrul and the Grim Reaper as a case study to explore the possibilities of live coding in the context of music theater. The live coding method, which focuses on a single main application window, allows one to effectively execute several distributed tasks simultaneously, such as music composition, sound design, sound effects, and musical performance in real-time without losing track of the theatrical text's flow. In terms of the compositional approach, live coding will be proposed as a holistic sound and music creation technique that centers on using textual systems to depict elaborate forms of artistic expression.
Logarithmic deviation integral approach for discontinuous global optimization problem

A discontinuous non-constrained global optimization problem is stud- ied and solved with a logarithmic deviation integral approach. The analysis proper- ties of the logarithmic deviation integral are proposed. The optimal condition and the conceptual algorithm for the global optimization problem are also introduced. Combining the Monte-Carlo technique, three specific examples for discontinuous objective function with n=100 variables are studied. Calculation results show that the algorithm is feasible and effective.
2D Laplace-domain waveform inversion using adaptive finite element method

Summary Waveform inversion in the Laplace domain has been proposed recently. The Laplace-domain waveform inversion is robust, is not sensitive to the initial model, and generates a long-wavelength velocity model for field data as it exploits a well behaved objective function. To improve the applicability of the waveform inversion, we adopted the adaptive finite element method to deal with the sources and receivers at shallow depths. Since the Laplace-domain wavefield damps out rapidly as a receiver becomes sufficiently far from a source, we applied the Dirichlet boundary condition on the edges of the extended model instead of using an absorbing boundary condition. By these two improvements in forward modeling, a numerical test was conducted on a time-domain original BP benchmark dataset. The Laplace-domain waveform inversion using the adaptive mesh successfully provided a long-wavelength velocity model of the true model. The inverted smooth velocity model was used as a good initial model for the frequency-domain waveform inversion. The followed frequency-domain inversion recovered almost every features of the BP model except some sub-salt structures.
Stochastic motions on the 3-sphere governed by wave and heat equations

In this paper a random motion on the surface of the 3-sphere whose probability law is a solution of the telegraph equation in spherical coordinates is presented. The connection of equations governing the random motion with Maxwell equations is examined together with some qualitative features of its sample paths. Finally Brownian motion on the 3-sphere is derived as the limiting process of a random walk with latitude-changing probabilities.