Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Technology-Supported University Courses for Increasing University Students’ Physical Activity Levels: A Systematic Review and Set of Design Principles for Future Practice

Physical activity levels tend to decrease as adolescents’ transition to adulthood. University course-based interventions utilising technology are a promising idea to combat this decrease. This review aims to systematically identify, critically appraise, and summarise the best available evidence regarding technology-supported university courses that aim to increase student’s physical activity levels. The second aim is to create initial design principles that will inform future practice in the area. Data Sources: CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PsycINFO, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science. Search dates from January 2010 to December 2020. Study Inclusion: RCT or non-RCT or quasi-experimental studies describing university course-based interventions using technology that aim to increase the physical activity levels of university students. Data Extraction: Source (country), methods, participants, interventions, theoretical frameworks and type of technologies, outcome and measurement instrument, and results. Data Synthesis: Systematic review. Result: A total of 1939 articles were identified through databases. Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: Four of the six included studies reported significant increases in university students’ physical activity levels. An analysis of the six included studies identified four design principles that future course designers could utilise as they develop technology-supported university courses that aim to increase the physical activity levels of university students. Further work is required to test the effectiveness of these four design principles.
Perinatal Depression, Birth Experience, Marital Satisfaction and Childcare Sharing: A Study in Russian Mothers

Background: Over 300,000 women in Russia face perinatal depressive disorders every year, according to the data for middle-income countries. This study is the first attempt to perform a two-phase study of perinatal depressive disorders in Russia. The paper examines risk factors for perinatal depressive symptoms, such as marital satisfaction, birth experience, and childcare sharing. Methods: At 15–40 gestational weeks (M = 30.7, SD = 6.6), 343 Russian-speaking women, with a mean age of 32 years (SD = 4.4), completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Couples Satisfaction Index, Birth Satisfaction Scale, and provided socio-demographic data. Two months after childbirth, 190 of them participated in the follow-up. Results: The follow-up indicated that 36.4% of participants suffered from prenatal depression and 34.3% of participants had postnatal depression. Significant predictors of prenatal depression were physical well-being during pregnancy (β = −0.25; p = 0.002) and marital satisfaction during pregnancy (β = −0.01; p = 0.018). Birth satisfaction (β = −0.08; p = 0.001), physical well-being at two months after delivery (β = −0.36; p < 0.01), and marital satisfaction during pregnancy (β = 0.01; p = 0.016) and after delivery (β = −0.02; p < 0.01) significantly predicted postnatal depression at 2 months after delivery. Conclusion: Our study identified that physical well-being during pregnancy and marital satisfaction during pregnancy significantly predicted prenatal depression. Birth satisfaction, physical well-being at 2 months after delivery, and marital satisfaction during pregnancy and after delivery significantly predicted postnatal depression. To our knowledge, this is the first study of perinatal depressive disorders in the context of marital satisfaction and birth satisfaction in the Russian sample. The problem of unequal childcare sharing is widely spread in Russia. Adjusting spousal expectations and making arrangements for childcare may become the focus of psychological work with the family. The availability of psychological support during pregnancy and labor may be important in the context of reducing perinatal depression risks.
Reinforcement Learning to Send Reminders at Right Moments in Smartphone Exercise Application: A Feasibility Study

Just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) has gained attention recently and previous studies have indicated that it is an effective strategy in the field of mobile healthcare intervention. Identifying the right moment for the intervention is a crucial component. In this paper the reinforcement learning (RL) technique has been used in a smartphone exercise application to promote physical activity. This RL model determines the ‘right’ time to deliver a restricted number of notifications adaptively, with respect to users’ temporary context information (i.e., time and calendar). A four-week trial study was conducted to examine the feasibility of our model with real target users. JITAI reminders were sent by the RL model in the fourth week of the intervention, while the participants could only access the app’s other functionalities during the first 3 weeks. Eleven target users registered for this study, and the data from 7 participants using the application for 4 weeks and receiving the intervening reminders were analyzed. Not only were the reaction behaviors of users after receiving the reminders analyzed from the application data, but the user experience with the reminders was also explored in a questionnaire and exit interviews. The results show that 83.3% reminders sent at adaptive moments were able to elicit user reaction within 50 min, and 66.7% of physical activities in the intervention week were performed within 5 h of the delivery of a reminder. Our findings indicated the usability of the RL model, while the timing of the moments to deliver reminders can be further improved based on lessons learned.
Contribution of PGC-1α to Obesity- and Caloric Restriction-Related Physiological Changes in White Adipose Tissue

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 α (PGC-1α) regulates mitochondrial DNA replication and mitochondrial gene expression by interacting with several transcription factors. White adipose tissue (WAT) mainly comprises adipocytes that store triglycerides as an energy resource and secrete adipokines. The characteristics of WAT vary in response to systemic and chronic metabolic alterations, including obesity or caloric restriction. Despite a small amount of mitochondria in white adipocytes, accumulated evidence suggests that mitochondria are strongly related to adipocyte-specific functions, such as adipogenesis and lipogenesis, as well as oxidative metabolism for energy supply. Therefore, PGC-1α is expected to play an important role in WAT. In this review, we provide an overview of the involvement of mitochondria and PGC-1α with obesity- and caloric restriction-related physiological changes in adipocytes and WAT.
Radiation-Induced Graft Immobilization (RIGI): Covalent Binding of Non-Vinyl Compounds on Polymer Membranes

Radiation-induced graft immobilization (RIGI) is a novel method for the covalent binding of substances on polymeric materials without the use of additional chemicals. In contrast to the well-known radiation-induced graft polymerization (RIGP), RIGI can use non-vinyl compounds such as small and large functional molecules, hydrophilic polymers, or even enzymes. In a one-step electron-beam-based process, immobilization can be performed in a clean, fast, and continuous operation mode, as required for industrial applications. This study proposes a reaction mechanism using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and two small model molecules, glycine and taurine, in aqueous solution. Covalent coupling of single molecules is achieved by radical recombination and alkene addition reactions, with water radiolysis playing a crucial role in the formation of reactive solute species. Hydroxyl radicals contribute mainly to the immobilization, while solvated electrons and hydrogen radicals play a minor role. Release of fluoride is mainly induced by direct ionization of the polymer and supported by water. Hydrophobic chains attached to cations appear to enhance the covalent attachment of solutes to the polymer surface. Computational work is complemented by experimental studies, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and fluoride high-performance ion chromatography (HPIC).
Towards Profiling of the G-Quadruplex Targeting Drugs in the Living Human Cells Using NMR Spectroscopy

Recently, the 1H-detected in-cell NMR spectroscopy has emerged as a unique tool allowing the characterization of interactions between nucleic acid-based targets and drug-like molecules in living human cells. Here, we assess the application potential of 1H and 19F-detected in-cell NMR spectroscopy to profile drugs/ligands targeting DNA G-quadruplexes, arguably the most studied class of anti-cancer drugs targeting nucleic acids. We show that the extension of the original in-cell NMR approach is not straightforward. The severe signal broadening and overlap of 1H in-cell NMR spectra of polymorphic G-quadruplexes and their complexes complicate their quantitative interpretation. Nevertheless, the 1H in-cell NMR can be used to identify drugs that, despite strong interaction in vitro, lose their ability to bind G-quadruplexes in the native environment. The in-cell NMR approach is adjusted to a recently developed 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl probe to monitor the intracellular interaction with ligands using 19F-detected in-cell NMR. The probe allows dissecting polymorphic mixture in terms of number and relative populations of individual G-quadruplex species, including ligand-bound and unbound forms in vitro and in cellulo. Despite the probe’s discussed limitations, the 19F-detected in-cell NMR appears to be a promising strategy to profile G-quadruplex–ligand interactions in the complex environment of living cells.
Electrolyte Tuning in Iron(II)-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Different Ionic Liquids and I2 Concentrations

The effects of different I2 concentrations and different ionic liquids (ILs) in the electrolyte on the performances of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) containing an iron(II) N-heterocyclic carbene dye and containing the I–/I3– redox shuttle have been investigated. Either no I2 was added to the electrolyte, or the initial I2 concentrations were 0.02, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 M. The short-circuit current density (JSC), open-circuit voltage (VOC), and the fill factor (ff) were influenced by changes in the I2 concentration for all the ILs. For 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazole iodide (HMII), low VOC and low ff values led to poor DSC performances. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed the causes to be increased electrolyte diffusion resistance and charge transfer resistance at the counter electrode. DSCs containing 1,3-dimethylimidazole iodide (DMII) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole iodide (EMII) showed the highest JSC values when 0.10 M I2 was present initially. Short alkyl substituents (Me and Et) were more beneficial than longer chains. The lowest values of the transport resistance in the photoanode semiconductor were found for DMII, EMII, and 1-propyl-2,3-dimethylimidazole iodide (PDMII) when no I2 was added to the initial electrolyte, or when [I2] was less than 0.05 M. Higher [I2] led to decreases in the diffusion resistance in the electrolyte and the counter electrode resistance. The electron lifetime and diffusion length depended upon the [I2]. Overall, DMII was the most beneficial IL. A combination of DMII and 0.1 M I2 in the electrolyte produced the best performing DSCs with an average maximum photoconversion efficiency of 0.65% for a series of fully-masked cells.
Easier Said Than Done: Healthcare Professionals’ Barriers to the Provision of Patient-Centered Primary Care to Patients with Multimorbidity

Patient-centered care (PCC) has the potential to entail tailored primary care delivery according to the needs of patients with multimorbidity (two or more co-existing chronic conditions). To make primary care for these patients more patient centered, insight on healthcare professionals’ perceived PCC implementation barriers is needed. In this study, healthcare professionals’ perceived barriers to primary PCC delivery to patients with multimorbidity were investigated using a constructivist qualitative design based on semi-structured interviews with nine general and nurse practitioners from seven general practices in the Netherlands. Purposive sampling was used, and the interview content was analyzed to generate themes representing experienced barriers. Barriers were identified in all eight PCC dimensions (patient preferences, information and education, access to care, physical comfort, emotional support, family and friends, continuity and transition, and coordination of care). They include difficulties achieving mutual understanding between patients and healthcare professionals, professionals’ lack of training and education in new skills, data protection laws that impede adequate documentation and information sharing, time pressure, and conflicting financial incentives. These barriers pose true challenges to effective, sustainable PCC implementation at the patient, organizational, and national levels. Further improvement of primary care delivery to patients with multimorbidity is needed to overcome these barriers.
Novel Approach to Tooth Chemistry. Quantification of the Dental-Enamel Junction

The dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) is known for its special role in teeth. Several techniques were applied for the investigation of the DEJ in human sound molar teeth. The electron (EPMA) and proton (PIXE) microprobes gave consistent indications about the variability of elemental concentrations on this boundary. The locally increased and oscillating concentrations of Mg and Na were observed in the junction, in the layer adhering to the enamel and covering roughly half of the DEJ width. The chemical results were compared with the optical profiles of the junction. Our chemical and optical results were next compared with the micromechanical results (hardness, elastic modulus, friction coefficient) available in the world literature. A strong correlation of both result sets was proven, which testifies to the self-affinity of the junction structures for different locations and even for different kinds of teeth and techniques applied for studies. Energetic changes in tooth strictly connected with crystallographic transformations were calculated, and the minimum energetic status was discovered for DEJ zone. Modeling of both walls of the DEJ from optical data was demonstrated. Comparing the DEJ in human teeth with the same structure found in dinosaur, shark, and alligator teeth evidences the universality of dentin enamel junction in animal world. The paper makes a contribution to better understanding the joining of the different hard tissues.
Real-Time Safety Optimization of Connected Vehicle Trajectories Using Reinforcement Learning

Speed advisories are used on highways to inform vehicles of upcoming changes in traffic conditions and apply a variable speed limit to reduce traffic conflicts and delays. This study applies a similar concept to intersections with respect to connected vehicles to provide dynamic speed advisories in real-time that guide vehicles towards an optimum speed. Real-time safety evaluation models for signalized intersections that depend on dynamic traffic parameters such as traffic volume and shock wave characteristics were used for this purpose. The proposed algorithm incorporates a rule-based approach alongside a Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient reinforcement learning technique (DDPG) to assign ideal speeds for connected vehicles at intersections and improve safety. The system was tested on two intersections using real-world data and yielded an average reduction in traffic conflicts ranging from 9% to 23%. Further analysis was performed to show that the algorithm yields tangible results even at lower market penetration rates (MPR). The algorithm was tested on the same intersection with different traffic volume conditions as well as on another intersection with different physical constraints and characteristics. The proposed algorithm provides a low-cost approach that is not computationally intensive and works towards optimizing for safety by reducing rear-end traffic conflicts.
Smoking from a Younger Age Is the Dominant Factor in the Incidence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Case-Control Study

Background: Indonesia ranks 7th highest in the world for the number of deaths caused by tobacco use including those caused by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of initial smoking age and habit on the incidence of COPD. Methods: This research was a case-control study. The sampling in this research took a systematic random sampling method. The samples of this study were 56 respondents of a case group and 56 respondents of a control group. This study was conducted at Ngudi Waluyo Hospital, Wlingi, Blitar from October to November 2017. Results: The factors that influenced the incidence of COPD were being male (p = 0.00; OR = 6.333; 95%CI = 2.776–14.450), a smoker (p = 0.00050; OR = 5.1318; 95%CI = 1.9004–13.8958), initially smoking at <15 years old (p = 0.00; OR = 11,769; 95%CI = 4.086–33.903), initially getting into a smoking habit at the age of <15 years old (OR = 12; CI = 1346–106,950), initially getting into a smoking habit at the age of ≥15 years old (OR = 3647; CI = 1625–8183) and having smoked for ≥30 years (OR = 8857; CI = 3298–23,787). Conclusion: There are three factors of smoking behavior that influence COPD: smoking habit, initial smoking age and smoking duration. Of all factors, forming a smoking habit at the age of <15 years old has the biggest risk (OR = 12; CI = 1346–106,950).
Interactions among Long Non-Coding RNAs and microRNAs Influence Disease Phenotype in Diabetes and Diabetic Kidney Disease

Large-scale RNA sequencing and genome-wide profiling data revealed the identification of a heterogeneous group of noncoding RNAs, known as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). These lncRNAs play central roles in health and disease processes in diabetes and cancer. The critical association between aberrant expression of lncRNAs in diabetes and diabetic kidney disease have been reported. LncRNAs regulate diverse targets and can function as sponges for regulatory microRNAs, which influence disease phenotype in the kidneys. Importantly, lncRNAs and microRNAs may regulate bidirectional or crosstalk mechanisms, which need to be further investigated. These studies offer the novel possibility that lncRNAs may be used as potential therapeutic targets for diabetes and diabetic kidney diseases. Here, we discuss the functions and mechanisms of actions of lncRNAs, and their crosstalk interactions with microRNAs, which provide insight and promise as therapeutic targets, emphasizing their role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetic kidney disease
Relationship between Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study among Low-Income Housewives in Kuala Lumpur

Cardiovascular disease is a significant public health concern worldwide, including in Malaysia. Various attempts have been made to resolve this issue. One of the most important methods of controlling cardiovascular risk factors is physical exercise. However, today’s women, especially housewives, are often identified by a lack of physical activity. This is alarming to society, as cardiovascular disease can affect the quality of their life. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors among low-income housewives in Kuala Lumpur. A total of 63 housewives participated in this cross-sectional study. All participating housewives were asked to fill out a sociodemographic questionnaire and the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). To evaluate cardiovascular risk factors, anthropometric measurements and blood samples were taken. Findings showed that an average of 70.5 ± 232.4 min/week was spent on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), which indicated a low level of physical activity. Data showed that 90.5% of the subjects had low physical activity, 6.3% were moderate, and 3.2% were considered as having a high level of physical activity. For body mass index (BMI), 58.7% of the respondents were obese, 28.6% were overweight (29.10 ± 5.67 kg m–2), and 81.0% of subjects had a waist circumference (WC) value above the normal range (92.74 ± 16.40 cm). A two-way ANOVA test revealed significant mean differences between systolic blood pressure (mm/Hg) and age groups (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, there was a significant association between MVPA and cardiovascular risk factors using negative binomial regression (p < 0.01). The findings of this study highlight the need for health promotional programs to raise awareness, educate, and engage low-income housewives in lifestyle-enhancing behaviors.
Validation and Test of Measurement Invariance of the Adapted Health Consciousness Scale (HCS-G)

The objective of this study was the translation and validation of a health consciousness scale in order to provide an economically and empirically confirmed measurement of health consciousness, which is associated with health-related behavior. We evaluated this translation on the basis of psychometric testing in a German convenience sample. A cross-sectional online survey (n = 470) was carried out using a translated version of the health consciousness scale, oriented on the basis of international guidelines. As previous studies have not consistently confirmed the factorial structure of the health consciousness scale, we conducted a Confirmatory Factor Analysis to verify its factorial structure. Furthermore, we cross-validated the questionnaire with other scales in order to verify convergent and discriminant validity. The results indicated a two-factor solution for the Health Consciousness Scale-German (HCS-G). The criterion validity was confirmed on the basis of a significantly positive correlation between the HCS-G and health literacy. Furthermore, strict measurement invariance was able to be verified, indicating that the HCS-G is an applicable measurement, regardless of gender. In practical research, this questionnaire can help to assess health consciousness and its influence on health-related constructs. Future studies should consider possible mediating variables between health consciousness and health outcomes.