Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Architectures of 4x1 and 4x2 OFDM With Two-path Parallel ICI Cancellation Full-Rate Schemes in Mobile Channels

Further developing the idea of combining spatial diversity and parallel cancellation (PC) scheme together for mitigating intercarrier interference (ICI), we develop both 4x1 and 4x2 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) architectures with two-pair two-path PC schemes. First, the two-path PC scheme is integrated with the space-time-frequency (STF) block code OFDM transceiver to develop 4x1 and 4x2 STFPC-OFDM architectures in downlink. Given the same bandwidth efficiency and the same symbol size in modulation for transmission, the bit error rate (BER) of 4x1 and 4x2 STFPC-OFDM systems at a full-rate outperforms that of 4x1 and 4x2 STF-OFDM systems at a half-rate using both QPSK and 16-QAM modulations in high-speed mobile channels. This two-pair STFPC-OFDM architecture provides both diversity and block coding gains to mitigate ICI and lower BER. Additionally, the total number of computational requirements for the full-rate 4x1 STFPC-OFDM transceiver is half that of the rate half 4x1 STF-OFDM transceiver. Moreover, the orthogonal Walsh–Hadamard (WH) transform is employed as a pre-coder to develop 4x1 and 4x2 WHSTF-OFDM and WHSTFPC-OFDM systems. The BER of WHSTFPC-OFDM systems at a full-rate outperforms that of WHSTF-OFDM systems at a half-rate in QPSK and 16-QAM modulations. The 4x1 and 4x2 WHSTFPC-OFDM schemes are simple and can be generalized to multiple input and multiple output (MIMO), such as 4x4 and 4x8 MIMO-OFDM ones. They may serve as basic modules for the fifth generation, and future broadcast systems.
Debridement, Antibiotics and Implant Retention: A Systematic Review of Strategies for Treatment of Early Infections after Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty

Goal: The purpose of this review is to provide a systematic and comprehensive overview of the available literature on the treatment of an early prosthetic joint infection (PJI) after revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and provide treatment guidelines. Methods: This systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The search was conducted using the electronic databases of PubMed, Trip, Cochrane, Embase, LILACS and SciElo. After the inclusion of the relevant articles, we extracted the data and results to compose a treatment algorithm for early and acute PJI after revision TKA. Results: After applying the in- and exclusion criteria, seven articles were included in this systematic review focusing on debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR) for PJI following revision TKA, of which one was prospective and six were retrospective. All studies were qualified as level IV evidence. Conclusions: The current literature suggests that DAIR is a valid treatment option for early infections after revision TKA with success rates of 50–70%. Repeat DAIR shows success rates of around 50%. Further research should be aimed at predicting successful (repeat/two-stage) DAIRs in larger study populations, antibiotic regimes and the cost effectiveness of a second DAIR after revision TKA.
Obesity Impairs Cognitive Function with No Effects on Anxiety-like Behaviour in Zebrafish

Over the last decade, the zebrafish has emerged as an important model organism for behavioural studies and neurological disorders, as well as for the study of metabolic diseases. This makes zebrafish an alternative model for studying the effects of energy disruption and nutritional quality on a wide range of behavioural aspects. Here, we used the zebrafish model to study how obesity induced by overfeeding regulates emotional and cognitive processes. Two groups of fish (n = 24 per group) were fed at 2% (CTRL) and 8% (overfeeding-induced obesity, OIO) for 8 weeks and tested for anxiety-like behaviour using the novel tank diving test (NTDT). Fish were first tested using a short-term memory test (STM) and then trained for four days for a long-term memory test (LTM). At the end of the experiment, fish were euthanised for biometric sampling, total lipid content, and triglyceride analysis. In addition, brains (eight per treatment) were dissected for HPLC determination of monoamines. Overfeeding induced faster growth and obesity, as indicated by increased total lipid content. OIO had no effect on anxiety-like behaviour. Animals were then tested for cognitive function (learning and memory) using the aversive learning test in Zantiks AD units. Results show that both OIO and CTRL animals were able to associate the aversive stimulus with the conditioned stimulus (conditioned learning), but OIO impaired STM regardless of fish sex, revealing the effects of obesity on cognitive processes in zebrafish. Obese fish did not show a deficiency in monoaminergic transmission, as revealed by quantification of total brain levels of dopamine and serotonin and their metabolites. This provides a reliable protocol for assessing the effect of metabolic disease on cognitive and behavioural function, supporting zebrafish as a model for behavioural and cognitive neuroscience.
Comparative Efficacy Between Intense Pulsed Light Narrow Spectrum and Broad Spectrum in the Treatment of Post-Acne Erythema (PAE)

Purpose Post-acne erythema (PAE) is one of the most common physical sequelae of acne regression, PAE can resolve spontaneously, but in some patients it may last for years. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of narrow and broad spectrum filters of intense pulsed light (IPL) for the treatment of PAE. Patients and Methods This prospective study evaluated 60 patients with PAE for at least 6 months, assigned equally to three groups: 1st group received narrow-spectrum with vascular filter (530–650 nm and 900–1200 nm), 2nd group received broad-spectrum with (560/590–1200 nm) filters, the appropriate adjustments were made according to patient’s skin colour. Every patient received four sessions one month apart. 3rd group is blank control group did not receive any treatment. CAT (CEA (Clinical Erythema Assessment), Area, and Telangiectasia) used to grade clearance of PAE before and after treatment, Investigators Global Assessment (IGA) used to assess the improvement score after the treatment, and Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) used to evaluate the impact of PAE on patients’ Quality of Life (QoL). Self-satisfaction scale completed at the follow-up. Adverse events and acne relapse were recorded. Results A significant decrease of CAT score in vascular group (P<0.05). IGA scale showed significant improvement after vascular treatment. A significant decrease in CADI (P<0.05) after vascular treatment. Patient satisfaction was higher in vascular group than control and blank control groups. Acne relapse observed in control and blank control groups (40% and 15%, respectively). 10% of patients showed pigmentation, 15% had blisters after 590 nm treatment. Conclusion IPL vascular filter (530–650 nm and 900–1200 nm) have efficacy in the treatment of PAE. CADI score, patient satisfaction, and acne relapse were significantly better after vascular narrow spectrum treatment than broad-spectrum treatment.
Antibody–Drug Conjugates: A Review of Approved Drugs and Their Clinical Level of Evidence

Simple Summary Antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) have shown remarkable therapeutic activity in a wide range of hematologic and solid tumors. Herein, we discuss the mechanisms of action of ADCs, the desirable “bystander killing”, and the limitations associated with the design of each drug. We will also discuss the landmark clinical trials that demonstrated their treatment efficacy in each indication and that have been approved for clinical use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). We will also discuss unique side effects which are tied to the normal tissue expression of the antigen, the intrinsic toxicity of the payload, and the off-target toxicity. Finally, we will discuss some exciting new developments in the pipeline, including peptide–drug conjugates, immune-stimulating drug conjugates, and radioactive isotopes as payloads. Abstract Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are an innovative family of agents assembled through linking cytotoxic drugs (payloads) covalently to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to be delivered to tumor tissue that express their particular antigen, with the theoretical advantage of an augmented therapeutic ratio. As of June 2023, eleven ADCs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are on the market. These drugs have been added to the therapeutic armamentarium of acute myeloblastic and lymphoblastic leukemias, various types of lymphoma, breast, gastric or gastroesophageal junction, lung, urothelial, cervical, and ovarian cancers. They have proven to deliver more potent and effective anti-tumor activities than standard practice in a wide variety of indications. In addition to targeting antigen-expressing tumor cells, bystander effects have been engineered to extend cytotoxic killing to low-antigen-expressing or negative tumor cells in the heterogenous tumor milieu. Inevitably, myelosuppression is a common side effect with most of the ADCs due to the effects of the cytotoxic payload. Also, other unique side effects are specific to the tissue antigen that is targeted for, such as the cardiac toxicity with Her-2 targeting ADCs, and the hemorrhagic side effects with the tissue factor (TF) targeting Tisotumab vedotin. Further exciting developments are centered in the strategies to improve the tolerability and efficacy of the ADCs to improve the therapeutic window; as well as the development of novel payloads including (1) peptide–drug conjugates (PDCs), with the peptide replacing the monoclonal antibody, rendering greater tumor penetration; (2) immune-stimulating antibody conjugates (ISACs), which upon conjugation of the antigen, cause an influx of pro-inflammatory cytokines to activate dendritic cells and harness an anti-tumor T-cell response; and (3) the use of radioactive isotopes as a payload to enhance cytotoxic activity.
Research Progress of Palladium-Plated Copper Bonding Wire in Microelectronic Packaging

Wire-bonding technology is the most commonly used chip interconnection technology in microelectronic packaging. Metal bonding wire is the key material for wire bonding and plays an important role in the reliability of electronic devices. In recent years, palladium-plated copper (PdCu) bonding wire has been widely used because of its low cost, good electrical and thermal conductivity, the fact that it is not easy to oxidize, and its high reliability. Therefore, it is necessary to review its research progress. In this paper, the preparation and application of palladium-plated copper bonding wire are reviewed. Firstly, the preparation methods of electroplating, electroless plating, and direct plating are introduced. Secondly, the factors affecting the distribution of Pd in free air balls and bonding interfaces, the effect of Pd on the formation and growth of intermetallic compounds in PdCu wire, stitch bond, and reliability of PdCu wire are summarized and analyzed in the application process. Finally, its development prospect is prospected. Hopefully, this review can help readers to have a comprehensive understanding of the preparation and application of palladium-plated copper bonding wires, and can accelerate the promotion of its application in more fields in the future.
An Investigation into Implications of Tuberculosis Control Efforts in Pakistan: A Comparative Approach

Objective: To investigate the difference of Tuberculosis (TB) related information in diagnosed TB patients and healthy individuals in relation to the implications of National Tuberculosis Program (NTP) control efforts. Study Design and Setting: This comparative case-control study was conducted from May to December 2022 in public sector tertiary care setups of Karachi. Methodology: In this case control study, 100 hospitalized diagnosed patients of TB were compared with 155 healthy individuals from May to December 2022. We analyzed sociodemographic characteristics of both groups related to the information for transmission and prevention of TB, as a basic element for the disease control. Result: TB patients were more likely to be uneducated, have low household income and positive family history of TB as compared to non-TB (OR 0.52, 0.30, 0.40). 18% of TB patients believed that TB infected person cannot be a source of spread to cause TB disease (OR=4.7; P=0.006). There was a statistically significant association among both the groups deemed to malnutrition and multiple households as the risk factors of tuberculosis (P=0.002 and <0.001 respectively Conclusion: TB related information with respect to its cause, preventive and treatment was insufficient in both study groups leading to delay in TB treatment and increase mortality from the disease. Health education interventional strategies, focused on primitive and advanced TB related information are needed in general population with special attention on low socioeconomic groups of community, and the population living in isolated and remote areas.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Drug–Drug Interactions: Research Methods and Applications

Because of the high research and development cost of new drugs, the long development process of new drugs, and the high failure rate at later stages, combining past drugs has gradually become a more economical and attractive alternative. However, the ensuing problem of drug–drug interactions (DDIs) urgently need to be solved, and combination has attracted a lot of attention from pharmaceutical researchers. At present, DDI is often evaluated and investigated from two perspectives: pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. However, in some special cases, DDI cannot be accurately evaluated from a single perspective. Therefore, this review describes and compares the current DDI evaluation methods based on two aspects: pharmacokinetic interaction and pharmacodynamic interaction. The methods summarized in this paper mainly include probe drug cocktail methods, liver microsome and hepatocyte models, static models, physiologically based pharmacokinetic models, machine learning models, in vivo comparative efficacy studies, and in vitro static and dynamic tests. This review aims to serve as a useful guide for interested researchers to promote more scientific accuracy and clinical practical use of DDI studies.
Adversarial Dynamic Load-Altering Cyberattacks Against Peak Shaving Using Residential Electric Water Heaters

Innovative smart grid technologies such as demand-side management (DSM) and smart home systems promise more optimal energy consumption; however, they expose the grid to load-altering cyberattacks wherein adversaries take control of customers’ connected high-wattage appliances and consequently induce harmful load fluctuations. In this article, we present a novel adversarial machine learning algorithm powered by black-box optimization to synthesize stealthy dynamic load-altering attacks aiming at evading existing intrusion detection measures while maximizing the damage inflicted on the grid. The proposed algorithm is applied on a case study involving peak shaving using direct load control of residential electric water heaters. It is capable of designing stealthy attacks that can increase the detectors’ misclassification probability by up to 44%. It can also be adapted to other load-altering attacks involving different DSM programs or other classes of loads. The algorithm can be used by electric power utilities to evaluate and harden the robustness of their cybersecurity solutions.
An Application of Prolongation Algebras to Determine Bäcklund Transformations for Nonlinear Equations

Prolongation algebras which are determined by applying a version of the Wahlquist-Estabrook method to three different nonlinear partial differential equations can be employed to obtain not only Lax pairs but Bäcklund transformations as well. By solving Maurer-Cartan equations for the related group specified by the prolongation algebra, a set of differential forms is obtained which can lead directly to these kinds of results. Although specific equations are studied, the approach should be applicable to large classes of partial differential equations. MSC: 35G20, 35Q53, 37J35, 37K25, 53Z05
An anisotropic phase-field model for solid-state dewetting and its sharp-interface limit

We propose a two-dimensional phase field model for solid state dewetting where the surface energy is weakly anisotropic. The evolution is described by the Cahn–Hilliard equation with a bi-quadratic degenerate mobility together with a bulk free energy based on a double-well potential and a free boundary condition at the film-substrate contact line. We derive the corresponding sharp interface limit via matched asymptotic analysis involving multiple inner layers. We show that in contrast to the frequently used quadratic degenerate mobility, the resulting sharp interface model for the bi-quatratic mobility is consistent with the pure surface diffusion model. In addition, we show that natural boundary conditions at the substrate obtained from the first variation of the total free energy including contributions at the substrate imply a contact angle condition in the sharp-interface limit which recovers the Young–Herring equation in the anisotropic and Young’s equation in the isotropic case, as well as a balance of fluxes at the contact line (or contact point).
Model moist bias in the middle and upper troposphere during DEEPWAVE

Data from 279 dropsonde profiles collected during the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE) over New Zealand between 4 June and 20 July 2014 were used to verify the relative humidity (RH) fields simulated by regional configurations of the UK Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) in the troposphere. Significant RH biases (predictions up to 28% too high) were found in the middle and upper troposphere during this period. This RH bias was found to be mainly caused by the errors in the simulated‐specific humidity. It is demonstrated here that evaporation from the lower boundary (mainly sea surface) is not a factor leading to the moist bias. A similar magnitude of moist bias was also found in the Global UM (the global configuration of the MetUM) and from a preliminary inspection is also very likely to occur in ERA‐interim and NCEP‐GFS reanalyses. This study suggests that the moist bias is very likely not a regional or a model specific issue.
The Flow of Glasses and Glass–Liquid Transition under Electron Irradiation

Recent discovery and investigation of the flow of glasses under the electron beams of transmission electron microscopes raised the question of eventual occurrence of such type effects in the vitrified highly radioactive nuclear waste (HLW). In connection to this, we analyse here the flow of glasses and glass–liquid transition in conditions of continuous electron irradiation such as under the e-beam of transmission electron microscopes (TEM) utilising the configuron (broken chemical bond) concept and configuron percolation theory (CPT) methods. It is shown that in such conditions, the fluidity of glasses always increases with a substantial decrease in activation energy of flow at low temperatures and that the main parameter that controls this behaviour is the dose rate of absorbed radiation in the glass. It is revealed that at high dose rates, the temperature of glass–liquid transition sharply drops, and the glass is fully fluidised. Numerical estimations show that the dose rates of TEM e-beams where the silicate glasses were fluidised are many orders of magnitude higher compared to the dose rates characteristic for currently vitrified HLW.
Branched covers induced by semisymmetric quasigroup homomorphisms

Finite semisymmetric quasigroups are in bijection with certain mappings between abstract polyhedra and directed graphs, termed alignments. We demonstrate the polyhedra of any given alignment can always be realized as compact, orientable surfaces. For any n to N, the class of quasigroups having associated surfaces with sum genus ≤ n is closed under subobjects and homomorphic images. Further, we demonstrate semisymmetric quasigroup homomorphisms may be translated into branched covers between their respective surfaces.
Research on flame detection of fire-fighting robot

Aiming at the problems of slow image processing and detection speed of flame recognition method and sensor measurement vulnerable to light environment interference, this paper studies how to improve the speed of flame recognition and overcome light environment interference. To improve the speed of flame recognition, this paper selects convolutional neural network technology, trains a classifier dedicated to flame, improves the preprocessing and postprocessing methods of feature map, and develops a new flame recognition model, which greatly improves the speed of flame recognition; To overcome the interference of light environment, this paper proposes a new method by measuring the two output signals of the flame sensor in different light environments. It provides a new method for fast flame recognition of fire-fighting robot.
Air Stabilization of Li7P3S11 Solid-State Electrolytes through Laser-Based Processing

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) that employ solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) have the potential to replace more conventional batteries that employ liquid electrolytes due to their inherent safety, compatibility with lithium metal and reputable ionic conductivity. Li7P3S11 is a promising SSE with reported ionic conductivities in the order of 10 mS/cm. However, its susceptibility to degradation through oxidation and hydrolysis limits its commercial viability. In this work, we demonstrate a laser-based processing method for SSEs to improve humidity stability. It was determined that laser power and scanning speed greatly affect surface morphology, as well as the resulting chemical composition of Li7P3S11 samples. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that laser treatment can produce SSEs with higher ionic conductivities than pristine counterparts after air exposure. Further examination of chemical composition revealed an optimal laser processing condition that reduces the rate of P2S74− degradation. This work demonstrates the ability of laser-based processing to be used to improve the stability of SSEs.
A Combination Effect of Sensory Motor Training and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation in a Case of Peripheral Polyneuropathy Manifested by Foot Drop in Type II Diabetes Mellitus – A Case Study

Peripheral neuropathy is one of the common complications in patients with diabetes Mellitus (DM) which leads to disrupting the peripheral nervous system resulting in reduce sensory inputs and motor outputs. Patients with foot drop (FD) will have weakness in dorsiflexor muscles of ankle and toe and sensory loss due to disruption of small myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. Sensory motor training (SMT) will facilitate sensory inputs, correcting muscle imbalance, and ensuring correct program at the level of central nervous system whereas Proprioceptive Neuromuscular facilitation techniques (PNF) not only helps facilitating the weaker group of muscles also improve strength . Hence the purpose of the study to combine the effect on use of SMT along with PNF in a case of peripheral polyneuropathy manifested by foot drop in patient with type II DM. The case report study of 72 year old male patient diagnosed with diabetic polyneuropathy manifested by foot drop in type II diabetes mellitus on medication. Intervention of patient received Sensory motor training and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation in foot drop for 5 days a week for 4 weeks and outcome measures used were Stanmore Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) , Diabetic Neuropathy Examination (DNE) score for diabetic neuropathy which were taken on day one and after 4 weeks of intervention and results shown improved on both the outcome measures which concluded that on combination of SMT and PNF techniques have shown efficacy on improving ankle range of motion and strength , sensory discrimination , thereby implementing these combination techniques, will reduce functional dependence and improve quality of life.