Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semiautomatic road extraction by dynamic programming

We propose a semi-automatic road extraction scheme which combines the wavelet decomposition for road sharpening and a model driven liner feature extraction algorithm based on dynamic programming. We have built a special wavelet for road sharpening, which has been implemented as a fast pyramidal algorithm. In the model driven feature extraction scheme, a road is represented by a generic road model with six photometric and geometric properties. This model is formulated by some constraints and a merit function which embodies a notion of the `best road segment,' and evaluated by a `time-delayed' dynamic programming algorithm. The mathematical foundation and issues relating to its practical implementation are discussed in detail. This approach has been applied very successfully to extract complete road networks from single SPOT scenes and aerial images. Thereby the algorithm runs in a monoplotting mode, deriving X, Y, Z coordinates of the roads, whereby the Z-component comes from real-time interpolation within an underlying DTM. Some experimental results are also given in this paper.
Design Constraints for Linear Folded Stripes

In contrast to the common use of folding as surface approach, the work presented here explores its use for reticular structures. The focuses are reticular structures made from linear folded stripes that create a wide variety of forms. The strategy of linear folded stripes has been intensively investigated and described since a few years. This article will give a compact overview on the different sub-systems and their classifications as well as a description on the underlying design strategies in order to give designers a guideline for potential applications. As a preamble a short description on linear folded stripes, and some general constraints in this particular system, the relation between the stripe generation and an underlying line network will be given here. After this condense introduction relations and approaches constraint to fabrication issues will be discussed to show the actual development of this system towards a construction relevant one. As the “technical human made nature” is producing most materials either in rectangular plates, linear strings with multiple section profiles, or in very small pieces, one motivation for the investigation on this particular system is the efficient use of plate material by minimizing the produced offcuts working with rectangular stripes. The folding strategy presented here can be seen as a combination of three different phenomena namely folding, the work with stripes of sheet material and a simple assembly strategy. The authors will give a summary of approaches as well as a classification method that covers all potential possible structures consisting of linear folded stripes.
Wideband Metasurface Antenna Using Characteristic Mode Analysis

In this paper, a low-profile wideband metasurface antenna is proposed. A wideband metasurface formed by 4×4 square patches is designed using characteristic mode analysis (CMA). Good radiation performance is achieved by splitting the corner and edge patches into 3x3 and 4x4 subarrays, respectively. A slot antenna is employed to excite the metasurface. The wideband property is obtained by merging the resonant modes of the metasurface and the slot antenna. Experimental results show that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 53.4% (5.5-9.5GHz).
Expression of functional eGFP-fused antigen-binding fragment of ranibizumab in Pichia pastoris

Introduction: Ranibizumab is a mouse monoclonal antibody fragment antigen-binding (Fab) against human vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), inhibiting angiogenesis. This antibody is commercially produced in Escherichia coli host and used to treat wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: In this study, the heavy and light chains of ranibizumab were expressed in Pichia pastoris. The expressed chains were incubated overnight at 4°C for interaction. The formation of an active structure was evaluated based on the interaction with substrate VEGF-A using an indirect ELISA, and an electrochemical setup. Furthermore, reconstruction of split enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter, chimerized at the C-terminus of the heavy and light chains, was used to characterize chains’ interaction. Results: P. pastoris efficiently expressed designed constructs and secreted them into the culture medium. The anti-Fab antibody detected the constructed Fab structure in western blot analysis. Reconstruction of the split reporter confirmed the interaction between heavy and light chains. The designed ELISA and electrochemical setup results verified the binding activity of the recombinant Fab structure against VEGF-A. Conclusion: In this work, we indicated that the heavy and light chains of ranibizumab Fab fragments (with or without linkage to split parts of eGFP protein) were produced in P. pastoris. The fluorescence of reconstructed eGFP was detected after incubating the equal ratio of chimeric-heavy and light chains. Immunoassay and electrochemical tests verified the bioactivity of constructed Fab. The data suggested that P. pastoris could be considered a potential efficient eukaryotic host for ranibizumab production.
INTERACTION: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE

This paper shows the results of two passive experiments carried out a t the European Vohi test site where a scaled building has been constructed. The first experiment was performed to study the motion of the structure excited by two small earthquakes. For one month, six strong-motion recorders were installed within the structure, a t the top and a t the basement. The analysis of the deformation of the structure has been assessed by computing the spectral ratio between the top and the bottom, with a special focus on soilstructure interaction. An analytical model was then proposed to reproduce the structure and soil-structure system behaviour. The soil-structure interaction was accounted for by using impedance functions. During the second experiment, we concentrated our efforts on the effect of the building vibration on the surface ground motion. An explosive shot was fired and several strong-motion recorders were installed on the ground dose to the structure that allowed us to clearly identify a monochromatic wave coming from the building, in the time and frequency domains. This experiment allows us to dernbnstrate the non-negligible effect of the soil-structuresoil interaction that may disturb the surrounding ground motion.
Detecting the Incorrect Safety Message in VANETS

There always are some vehicles (nodes) to demonstrate various misdemeanours, such as, modifying data, transmitting fraudulent data about road congestion or vehicle, due to the distinct characteristics of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs). Those malicious data from safety message have the potential to damage in VANETs. Therefore, the received safety message should be verified before the message is accepted and relayed. In this study, we address the challenge by detecting incorrect safety message. We propose a novel approach to deal with evaluating the trustworthiness of safety message reported by neighbor vehicles by detecting the consistency between the actions and the words (safety message). If it is inconsistent, the safety message is recognized as incorrect message; otherwise, the message is accepted and relayed. Moreover, the safety precaution is considered to protect itself and minimize the losses. Simulation results show that our proposed method can detect effectively the incorrect safety message. The detection ration is about 90% when the number of malicious vehicles is small.
Trends and Future Prospects of the Drowsiness Detection and Estimation Technology

Drowsiness is among the important factors that cause traffic accidents; therefore, a monitoring system is necessary to detect the state of a driver’s drowsiness. Driver monitoring systems usually detect three types of information: biometric information, vehicle behavior, and driver’s graphic information. This review summarizes the research and development trends of drowsiness detection systems based on various methods. Drowsiness detection methods based on the three types of information are discussed. A prospect for arousal level detection and estimation technology for autonomous driving is also presented. In the case of autonomous driving levels 4 and 5, where the driver is not the primary driving agent, the technology will not be used to detect and estimate wakefulness for accident prevention; rather, it can be used to ensure that the driver has enough sleep to arrive comfortably at the destination.
The Role of Pectobacterium atrosepticum Exopolysaccharides in Plant–Pathogen Interactions

The phytopathogenic bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Pba), one of the members of the soft rot Pectobacteriaceae, forms biofilm-like structures known as bacterial emboli when colonizing the primary xylem vessels of the host plants. The initial extracellular matrix of the bacterial emboli is composed of the host plant’s pectic polysaccharides, which are gradually substituted by the Pba-produced exopolysaccharides (Pba EPS) as the bacterial emboli “mature”. No information about the properties of Pba EPS and their possible roles in Pba-plant interactions has so far been obtained. We have shown that Pba EPS possess physical properties that can promote the maintenance of the structural integrity of bacterial emboli. These polymers increase the viscosity of liquids and form large supramolecular aggregates. The formation of Pba EPS aggregates is provided (at least partly) by the acetyl groups of the Pba EPS molecules. Besides, Pba EPS scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), the accumulation of which is known to be associated with the formation of bacterial emboli. In addition, Pba EPS act as suppressors of the quantitative immunity of plants, repressing PAMP-induced reactions; this property is partly lost in the deacetylated form of Pba EPS. Overall, our study shows that Pba EPS play structural, protective, and immunosuppressive roles during Pba–plant interactions and thus should be considered as virulence factors of these bacteria.
Soil Microbial Community Composition and Diversity Remained Unchanged in a Semiarid Grassland in Northwestern China After 7 Years of Nitrogen Addition

Qian Guo Northwest A&F University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7780-8452 Zhongming Wen Northwest A&F University Hossein Ghanizadeh Massey University Cheng Zheng Northwest A&F University Yongming Fan Planning and Design Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Jinxin Lu Northwest A&F University Xue Yang Northwest A&F University Xinhui Yan Northwest A&F University Sihui Chen Northwest A&F University Wei Li (  liwei2013@nwsuaf.edu.cn ) Northwest A&F University
Revealing Underdrawings in Wall Paintings of Complex Stratigraphy with a Novel Reflectance Photoacoustic Imaging Prototype

Revealing precious hidden features by a completely non-invasive approach is one of the crucial issues in the Heritage Science field. In this regard, concealed fresco paintings still represent an analytical challenge. This paper addresses the specific issue in wall painting diagnostics by the photoacoustic (PA) imaging technique, already proven to be efficient in revealing underdrawings and internal stratigraphy in movable paintings on paper and canvas. A newly set-up reflection PA prototype was applied here for the first time to probe the charcoal, graphite and sinopia hidden sketch drawings in concealed (gypsum, limewash, overpainted) wall paintings. The results presented here push forward the frontiers of the PA imaging technique and point to its potential effectiveness of revealing hidden underdrawings in historical wall paintings with complex stratigraphy.
Influence of the Microstructure and Optical Constants on Plasmonic Properties of Copper Nanolayers

Copper layers with thicknesses of 12, 25, and 35 nm were thermally evaporated on silicon substrates (Si(100)) with two different deposition rates 0.5 and 5.0 Å/s. The microstructure of produced coatings was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and powder X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Ellipsometric measurements were used to determine the effective dielectric functions as well as the quality indicators of the localized surface plasmon (LSP) and the surface plasmon polariton (SPP). The composition and purity of the produced films were analysed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Healthy Diet for Healthy Aging

Extending healthspan is a major public health challenge. Diet is one of the modifiable factors for preventing age-related diseases and preserving overall good health status during aging. Optimizing individuals’ intrinsic capacity, including domains in cognition, psychological, sensory function, vitality, and locomotion, has been proposed as a model of healthy aging by the World Health Organization. To better understand the relationships between a healthy diet and healthy aging, this review summarizes the recent epidemiologic and clinical data for dietary patterns that have been shown to play a role in (domains of) healthy aging. Regardless of priori or posteriori dietary patterns, it appears that dietary patterns centered on plant-based foods have a beneficial role in (domains of) healthy aging. Our review identified a knowledge gap in dietary patterns and multidimensional concepts of healthy aging. More epidemiological studies should consider intrinsic capacity as an outcome measure to further our understanding of a healthy diet and multidimensional concepts of healthy aging. When a sufficient number of epidemiological studies is available, evidence can be synthesized and clinical trials can be designed to evaluate a healthy diet as a strategy for healthy aging to further our progress in translating evidence to practice and promoting healthy aging.
Exploiting the Metabolism of the Gut Microbiome as a Vehicle for Targeted Drug Delivery to the Colon

The prevalence of colon-associated diseases has increased significantly over the past several decades, as evidenced by accumulated literature on conditions such as Crohn’s disease, irritable bowel syndrome, colorectal cancer, and ulcerative colitis. Developing therapeutics for these diseases is challenging due to physiological barriers of the colon, systemic side effects, and the intestinal environment. Therefore, in a search for novel methods to overcome some of these problems, researchers discovered that microbial metabolism by gut microbiotia offers a potential method for targeted drug delivery This overview highlights several drug delivery systems used to modulate the microbiota and improve colon-targeted drug delivery. This technology will be important in developing a new generation of therapies which harness the metabolism of the human gut microflora.
Applying sub-band energy extraction to noise cancellation of ultrasonic NDT signal

In ultrasonic non-destructive tests, the echo signal at the flaw is highly complex due to the interference of multiple echoes with random amplitudes and phases, and is disturbed by all kinds of noises, such as thermal noise, digitalization noise, and structure noise. In this paper, the ultrasonic signal was decomposed by empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to obtain the intrinsic mode function (IMF) components according to ultrasonic defect echo signals occuring at the corresponding time, and the energy of the ultrasonic signal was concentrated. The IMF component selection criterion based on sub-band energy extraction was proposed to extract the ultrasonic signal component accurately and automatically from IMF components. When the selected IMF components were filtered by a band pass filter, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was enhanced greatly.
Detection of Unilateral Arm Paresis after Stroke by Wearable Accelerometers and Machine Learning

Recent advances in stroke treatment have provided effective tools to successfully treat ischemic stroke, but still a majority of patients are not treated due to late arrival to hospital. With modern stroke treatment, earlier arrival would greatly improve the overall treatment results. This prospective study was performed to asses the capability of bilateral accelerometers worn in bracelets 24/7 to detect unilateral arm paralysis, a hallmark symptom of stroke, early enough to receive treatment. Classical machine learning algorithms as well as state-of-the-art deep neural networks were evaluated on detection times between 15 min and 120 min. Motion data were collected using triaxial accelerometer bracelets worn on both arms for 24 h. Eighty-four stroke patients with unilateral arm motor impairment and 101 healthy subjects participated in the study. Accelerometer data were divided into data windows of different lengths and analyzed using multiple machine learning algorithms. The results show that all algorithms performed well in separating the two groups early enough to be clinically relevant, based on wrist-worn accelerometers. The two evaluated deep learning models, fully convolutional network and InceptionTime, performed better than the classical machine learning models with an AUC score between 0.947–0.957 on 15 min data windows and up to 0.993–0.994 on 120 min data windows. Window lengths longer than 90 min only marginally improved performance. The difference in performance between the deep learning models and the classical models was statistically significant according to a non-parametric Friedman test followed by a post-hoc Nemenyi test. Introduction of wearable stroke detection devices may dramatically increase the portion of stroke patients eligible for revascularization and shorten the time to treatment. Since the treatment effect is highly time-dependent, early stroke detection may dramatically improve stroke outcomes.
Promoting Construction Industrialisation with Policy Interventions: A Holistic Review of Published Policy Literature

By adopting the concept of ‘factory assembly followed by onsite installation,’ construction industrialisation (CI) plays an increasingly important role in sustainable urban development. CI can enhance construction quality and efficiency while reducing environmental impacts. To promote the CI, several policy interventions have been developed and implemented in different countries and regions. This study reviews the global CI promoting regulations and policies to provide a comprehensive insight into its interrelationship and development tendency. The research selects 105 publications related to practical CI policy from widely utilised databases (i.e., Web of Science and Scopus). Based on the annual publication trend analysis, geospatial distribution, and citation analysis, seven interrelated critical CI policy formulation themes are identified and examined: regulatory policies, standardised policies, promotional policies, urban design and planning policies, technological policies, managerial and educational policies, and sustainability policies. In addition, internal correlations and mutual influence among these seven classified policies are explored and discussed, which helps scholars enhance their grasp of current CI policy research and guide future research. This review provides the research community and industrial practitioners with a comprehensive understanding of various CI-promoting policies and a roadmap to CI-promoting policy development and evaluation.
Operational Concept for Flight Crews to Participate in Merging and Spacing of Aircraft

The predicted tripling of air traffic within the next 15 years is expected to cause significant aircraft delays and create a major financial burden for the airline industry unless the capacity of the National Airspace System can be increased. One approach to improve throughput and reduce delay is to develop new ground tools, airborne tools, and procedures to reduce the variance of aircraft delivery to the airport, thereby providing an increase in runway throughput capacity and a reduction in arrival aircraft delay. The first phase of the Merging and Spacing Concept employs a ground based tool used by Air Traffic Control that creates an arrival time to the runway threshold based on the aircraft s current position and speed, then makes minor adjustments to that schedule to accommodate runway throughput constraints such as weather and wake vortex separation criteria. The Merging and Spacing Concept also employs arrival routing that begins at an en route metering fix at altitude and continues to the runway threshold with defined lateral, vertical, and velocity criteria. This allows the desired spacing interval between aircraft at the runway to be translated back in time and space to the metering fix. The tool then calculates a specific speed for each aircraft to fly while enroute to the metering fix based on the adjusted land timing for that aircraft. This speed is data-linked to the crew who fly this speed, causing the aircraft to arrive at the metering fix with the assigned spacing interval behind the previous aircraft in the landing sequence. The second phase of the Merging and Spacing Concept increases the timing precision of the aircraft delivery to the runway threshold by having flight crews using an airborne system make minor speed changes during enroute, descent, and arrival phases of flight. These speed changes are based on broadcast aircraft state data to determine the difference between the actual and assigned time interval between the aircraft pair. The airborne software then calculates a speed adjustment to null that difference over the remaining flight trajectory. Follow-on phases still under development will expand the concept to all types of aircraft, arriving from any direction, merging at different fixes and altitudes, and to any airport. This paper describes the implementation phases of the Merging and Spacing Concept, and provides high-level results of research conducted to date.
Investigation of Running HCCI With Dual-Fuel in a Small Scale Engine

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a well-known technology that reduces the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. This work implemented HCCI on a 150cc spark-ignition (SI) engine. The compression ratio of target engine was changed from 10.5 to 12.4 to enhance the compression temperature. In addition, a commercialized low-pressure injector was installed near the intake port for supplying fuel for HCCI operation. After the analysis of in-cylinder gas temperature, the dual fuel, with gasoline for the additive fuel and kerosene as the main fuel, was investigated in the small scale target engine. Experiments were executed through various excess air ratios, different gasoline additive ratios and then extension of engine load. Two-stage heat release, which provides energy to heat up the mixture during the compression stroke, was observed from HCCI combustion with kerosene fuel. The maximum rate of pressure rise (MRPR) could be reduced by increasing gasoline additive ratio of dual fuel without deteriorating the engine power output. By using the dual fuel method, the engine indicated mean effective pressure could be improved by a maximum percentage 23.9% and an average percentage 17.6% from just using kerosene fuel under the knocking limitation of MRPR equals to 4 bar/deg.Copyright © 2010 by ASME