Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coupled data assimilation at ECMWF: current status, challenges and future developments

This article presents coupled data assimilation (DA) activities at the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Coupled DA is an essential component of the ECMWF Earth‐system strategy. It aims at providing consistent initial conditions to the coupled atmosphere, land, and ocean forecast model. The article introduces the different DA systems and observing systems for each Earth‐system component. It discusses challenges related to observation consistency, availability, and sustainability across the components. It gives a review of coupling methodologies and presents coupling methods in development at the ECMWF. The current ECMWF system relies on weakly coupled DA approaches between land and atmosphere, between wave and atmosphere, and between ocean and atmosphere. Research on coupled DA has been centred on outer loop coupling developments and evaluation, focused on ocean–atmosphere coupling for reanalysis and for numerical weather prediction. The latest configuration of the ocean–atmosphere outer loop coupling combines weak and outer loop coupling methods. The article discusses the challenges in assimilating surface‐sensitive observations and it presents opportunities that coupled DA offers to enhance the exploitation of interface observations. It presents recent developments on land–atmosphere forward operator coupling and multilayer snow‐emission modelling and shows the potential for coupled radiative transfer modelling at low‐frequency passive microwave. The article discusses ongoing developments of in‐house sea‐surface temperature analysis based on coupled skin temperature assimilation. It presents preliminary results that demonstrate meaningful upper ocean temperature increments when assimilating skin temperature information from four‐dimensional variational assimilation. Coupled assimilation results are illustrated and discussed in the context of several applications related to reanalysis, scatterometer impact on coupled ocean–atmosphere, tropical cyclone, impact of weakly coupled sea‐ice–atmosphere data assimilation as well as land surface coupled DA case studies. These examples illustrate benefits and challenges of coupled DA developments. The article discusses future plans of coupled DA developments in support of ECMWF's Earth‐system 2021–2030 strategy.
FCDNet: A Change Detection Network Based on Full-Scale Skip Connections and Coordinate Attention

Change detection (CD) is an important means to monitor environmental changes on Earth. Recently, many methods based on deep learning have been proposed for CD tasks. However, existing CD methods still have difficulties in the detection of changing target edges and small changing targets. In this letter, we propose a novel CD method named FCDNet based on full-scale skip connections (FSCs) and coordinate attention (CA). A network using full-scale information for CD tasks (FCDnet) makes full use of shallow information and high-level semantics through FSC between different levels of encoder features and decoder features, which can effectively alleviate the missed detection of small targets in the CD task. In addition, we design a multireceptive field position enhancement module (MRPEM) based on CA. MRPEM enhances the local relationship of features through convolution operations of different kernel sizes, and establishes long-distance dependency of features with the application of CA, thus facilitate accurate detection of the edges of changing targets. We also introduce Depthwise Over-parameterized Convolutional Layer (DOConv) in our network architecture, which can improve model performance without increasing computational complexity during inference. The experimental results show that our method is comparable to state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods on the Season-Varying CD (SVCD) dataset.
Input/output in functional languages : using algebraic uniontTypes

Functional programming languages are not directly suitable to program I/O. In this thesis different models of I/O in functional languages are discussed with their advantages and disadvantages. Comparing these advantages and disadvantages results in the observation that the stream I/O-model is - at least from an educational point of view - the most appropriate model, because it does not create any new constructs to the language and the I/O-model is easy to understand. One problem in the stream I/O model is that event types in the form of algebraic types in the language are fixed. In this thesis I will show that it is possible to add a new type construction that can combine algebraic data types in untagged unions. The benefit of these unions is, that from the perspective of the programmer the union behaves as if it were defined as the list of all constructors of both types. Now the union can be used as a normal algebraic type. In order to add this union construct to a functional programming language, new typing rules must be introduced. Obviously subtyping is closely related to unions, since values of the constituents of a union are also values of the (composite) union. therefore subtyping rules must be added to the type system. It will be shown that using these type rules the intuitive notion of unions being commutative, associative and idempotent are preserved. To implement this union construct in a functional language, the language must be extended to handle union types. Therefore two rewriting schemes are given in this thesis. A na¨? ve implementation for the language Amanda and a more extensive one using some features that are particular to Haskell. Lastly the use of unions in the stream I/O model is shown with two examples, one using the na¨? ve rewriting scheme and one using the more extensive rewriting scheme. In particular is shown that events can be defined separately in libraries and can the events from this libraries can be combined in a union to use them in a program.
An Empirical Study of Weakly Supervised Audio Tagging Embeddings for General Audio Representations

We study the usability of pre-trained weakly supervised audio tagging (AT) models as feature extractors for general audio representations. We mainly analyze the feasibility of transferring those embeddings to other tasks within the speech and sound domains. Specifically, we benchmark weakly supervised pre-trained models (MobileNetV2 and EfficientNet-B0) against modern self-supervised learning methods (BYOL-A) as feature extractors. Fourteen downstream tasks are used for evaluation ranging from music instrument classification to language classification. Our results indicate that AT pre-trained models are an excellent transfer learning choice for music, event, and emotion recognition tasks. Further, finetuning AT models can also benefit speech-related tasks such as keyword spotting and intent classification.
The LET Procedure for Gesture Recognition With Multiple Forearm Angles

A-mode ultrasound, like other biological signals, has a certain deviation in the signals obtained by performing the same gesture at different arm positions. This problem hinders the clinical application of gesture recognition based on A-mode ultrasound. To tackle this problem, we propose the linearly enhanced training (LET) procedure to compensate for the deviation of gesture signals after forearm position changes. The training set does not contain the gesture data of the new position, so no additional training is required. Instead, we determine the scale parameters to construct enhanced features for the new positions by the original position gesture features. We tested the method on 10 gestures after the forearm angle is changed. Results show that the classification accuracy can be improved by 7.8% and 9.4% after the forearm bent and stretched 40° respectively. Since the LET procedure is a step between feature extraction and model construction, it is suitable for various features and algorithms, offering a multi-scene solution based on wearable A-mode ultrasound.
(Not) Addressing issues in electoral campaigns

Two candidates competing for election may raise some issues for debate during the electoral campaign, while avoiding others. We present a model in which the decision to introduce an issue, or to reply to the opponent’s position on one that she raised, may change the further list of topics that end up being discussed. Candidates’ strategic decisions are driven by their appraisal of their expected vote share at the end of the campaign. Real phenomena observed during campaigns, like the convergence of the parties to address the same issues, or else their diverging choice on which ones to treat, or the relevance of issue ownership can be explained within our stark basic model. Most importantly, our analysis is based on a novel concept of equilibrium that avoids the (often arbitrary) use of predetermined protocols. This allows us to endogenously predict not only the list of topics that will be touched upon by each candidate, but also the order in which they will be addressed.
What's so Special about D-Linking?

A modified block copolymer composition comprising a thermoplastic polymer and a modified block copolymer consisting essentially of a base block copolymer of a monovinyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbon polymer block and an olefin compound polymer block having an ethylenic unsaturation degree not exceeding 20%, the base block copolymer having a molecular unit containing a carboxylic acid group and/or a group derived therefrom grafted thereto. The modified block copolymer composition of the present invention is a resinous composition excellent in impact resistance, adhesion, paint adhesion, weatherability, resistance to thermal deterioration, transparency and gloss or a rubbery or leather-like composition excellent in heat resistance, adrasion resistance, compression set resistance, adhesion, transparency, oil resistance, weatherability and resistance to heat aging.
MODELLING SEQUENCE UNEQUAL SIZE FACILITY LAYOUT PROBLEM USING SIMULATED ANNEALING

It truly is suggested with this papers that will improved managed annealing (SA) methods be applied to deal with an ideal large continuous rough dimension service style problem. It really is offered with this papers how you can resolve the particular automated bumpy sizing support design design and style a significant in an attempt to produce the most effective structure whilst considering typically the quickest variety journeyed simply by models associated with circulation (people, materials, info, along with other assisting services), along with the least edge utilization (for the particular layout). The particular bumpy dimensions FLP (UFLP) has been understood to be a consistent Bumpy Service Style Problem (SUFLP) with this study, plus handled annealing (SA) had been utilized to fix the problem to get the perfect answer. To deal with the actual manufacturing atmosphere, this particular analysis offers up-to-date INTERPERSONAL WORRY methods with regard to heat environment techniques in addition heat decrease recommendations having a number of beginning temps in addition to preventing problems which are good outcomes of ruse. The specific assessments had been carried out to cope with the best concern regarding unequal sizing practical devices like devices, assistance gear, and even operate the process region, that was resolved within the books. Typically the method which has been produced increases the high quality involving SUFLP's options although dealing with large matter sizes. Based on the assessment outcomes along with recommended strategies, typically the iteration-based temp lowering guideline together with amalgamated plan functions the very best design design around the real software when it comes to answer top quality.
Alterations of Cardiac Protein Kinases in Cyclic Nucleotide-Dependent Signaling Pathways in Human Ischemic Heart Failure

Objectives Impaired protein kinase signaling is a hallmark of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Inadequate understanding of the pathological mechanisms limits the development of therapeutic approaches. We aimed to identify the key cardiac kinases and signaling pathways in patients with IHD with an effort to discover potential therapeutic strategies. Methods Cardiac kinase activity in IHD left ventricle (LV) and the related signaling pathways were investigated by kinomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and integrated multi-omics approach. Results Protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase G (PKG) ranked on top in the activity shift among the cardiac kinases. In the IHD LVs, PKA activity decreased markedly compared with that of controls (62% reduction, p = 0.0034), whereas PKG activity remained stable, although the amount of PKG protein increased remarkably (65%, p = 0.003). mRNA levels of adenylate cyclases (ADCY 1, 3, 5, 9) and cAMP-hydrolysing phosphodiesterases (PDE4A, PDE4D) decreased significantly, although no statistically significant alterations were observed in that of PKGs (PRKG1 and PRKG2) and guanylate cyclases (GUCYs). The gene expression of natriuretic peptide CNP decreased remarkably, whereas those of BNP, ANP, and neprilysin increased significantly in the IHD LVs. Proteomics analysis revealed a significant reduction in protein levels of “Energy metabolism” and “Muscle contraction” in the patients. Multi-omics integration highlighted intracellular signaling by second messengers as the top enriched Reactome pathway. Conclusion The deficiency in cAMP/PKA signaling pathway is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of IHD. Natriuretic peptide CNP could be a potential therapeutic target for the modulation of cGMP/PKG signaling.
Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance, Organ Weight, Digestive Enzyme Activities, and Serum Biochemical Indices in Broiler

Simple Summary Broiler chickens have been consumed widely in many countries around the world because they can fulfill the nutritional needs of humans from meat. Antibiotics have been used in the broiler diet to reduce poultry pathogens and promote growth performance, but the overuse of antibiotics in the poultry industry has led to serious consequences for public health. Hence, probiotics are a safe and healthy alternative to antibiotics. Bacillus subtilis is a common probiotic bacteria supplement formulated as a healthy probiotic strain. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, relative organ weights, and serum biochemical indices. Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing Bacillus subtilis and an antibiotic (Zinc bacitracin) in the diet of broilers on growth performance, organ weight, blood metabolites, and digestive enzymes of broiler chickens. A total of 600 1-d Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted to five treatments. Each treatment consisted of six replicates with four pens, and each pen had five birds. The chicks were fed (1) the basal diet (control), (2) the basal diet with 500 mg/kg Zinc bacitracin (APZ), (3) the basal diet with B. subtilis at 1 × 108 CFU/g (B.Sut-1), (4) the basal diet with B. subtilis at 3 × 108 CFU/g (B.Sut-3), and (5) the basal diet with B. subtilis at 5 × 108 CFU/g (B.Sut-5). The experiment lasted for 42 days. In this study, the supplementation of diets with B. subtilis (B.Sut-3 and B.Sut-5 groups) increased body weight gain from 1 to 21 days compared with control (p < 0.05). Additionally, the B.Sut-3 group had a significantly heavier bursa of Fabricius than control at 21 days (p < 0.05). Serum total protein, albumin, and high-density lipoprotein concentrations were increased in B.Sut-5 and APZ groups (p < 0.05) over the whole period. Serum low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and total cholesterol concentrations were decreased in B.Sut-5 and APZ groups at 21 and 42 days (p < 0.05). Chicks in the B.Sut-5 and APZ groups had higher serum lipase, pepsin, and amylase activities (p < 0.05) at 21 and 42 days. From the results obtained from the study, it can be concluded that Bacillus subtilis ATCC19659 at 5 × 108 CFU/g could be applied as an alternative to antibiotics in poultry diets.
Relationship between Activities of Daily Living of Home-Based Rehabilitation Users and Caregiver Burden-Induced Depression: A Retrospective Study

This study was aimed at determining the cutoff values of activities of daily living (ADL) and the combination of related factors associated with high caregiver burden that induces depression among caregivers. The study participants included 50 pairs of home-based rehabilitation users and their primary caregivers. They were classified into two groups: high-burden and low-burden groups according to the short version of the Japanese version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview score of ≥13 or ≤12, respectively. The cutoff values of ADL and the combination of related factors associated with high caregiver burden were examined using the receiver operating characteristic curve and decision tree analyses. The cutoff value associated with high caregiver burden was 5 points for the controlling bladder item of the Barthel index (BI) (sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 70%). Regarding the decision tree, the controlling bladder item of BI (≤5 or 10 points) was selected as the first layer and the recipient's age (≤78 or ≥79 years) as the second layer. High caregiver burden was identified in 85.7% of the caregivers in whom the score of controlling bladder of BI was ≤5 points and the patient was aged ≤78 years. A score of ≤5 points for the controlling bladder item of BI along with young recipient age was associated with high caregiver burden that induces depression among caregivers. This approach is useful to identify caregivers with high caregiver burden who are at risk for depression.
Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of a Novel Triangular Implant Neck Design: A Case Series

The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic behavior of a novel triangular neck implant configuration in partially edentulous patients. Sixteen patients with a mean age of 58.3 years, were rehabilitated with 25 implants inserted in the healed sites of the maxilla and mandible; implant diameter was Ø3. 3 and 3.9 mm. Clinical and radiographic measurements were first performed at prosthesis delivery that served as baseline; they were further evaluated after a mean period of 15.6 months. The interproximal peri-implant bone levels were the primary outcome; the mesial and distal data were recorded and a mean value was calculated. Secondary outcomes included peri-implant probing depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BoP). The paired t-test was used to compare the radiographic and clinical outcomes between baseline and follow-up. The mean bone levels at the mesial and distal aspects at baseline were 0.45 (0.47) and 0.57 (0.69), respectively; at follow-up they were 0.59 (0.42) and 0.78 (0.59), respectively. The differences were not statistically significant. Similarly, no significant differences were found for the clinical parameters. Within the limitations of the present study, it could be concluded that this new triangular neck bone level implant macro-design was used successfully to treat partially edentulous patients. Larger controlled clinical studies are warranted to confirm the present radiographic and clinical findings.
Subclinical Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Children and Adolescence With Thalassemia Intermedia

Background Cardiac complications are important causes of morbidity in patients with thalassemia intermedia (TI). We aimed to assess left ventricular (LV) function, using new tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) indices, in order to diagnose early ventricular impairment in asymptomatic children and adolescence with the TI. Materials and Methods We investigated possible differences in echocardiographic systolic and diastolic parameters between a population of 28 asymptomatic patients (mean age, 13.6 ± 5.7 years) and 35 age-matched healthy control members. All of them underwent 2-D, pulsed Doppler, and tissue Doppler echocardiographic studies for the assessment of the LV mass, Trans-mitral velocities, mitral annular systolic and diastolic velocities, myocardial performance index (MPI), and myocardial acceleration during isovolumic contraction (IVA). The cardiac iron load was estimated by magnetic resonance imaging T2*. Results Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was found in 13 (46.4%) patients. We found significantly reduced TDI-derived peak systolic myocardial velocity (s′) in patients, whereas no significant difference was identified between the patients and control group members when the IVA was compared. The ratio of peak mitral inflow velocity to annular early diastolic velocity (E/e′) of the mitral valve as an index of the diastolic function was significantly higher in patients (9 ± 1 vs. 6 ± 1, p < 0.05). Choosing a TDI-derived MPI > 0.33 as a cutoff point, the global LV dysfunction was detected with a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 80%. The patients with LVH significantly exhibited higher values of TDI-MPI and lower values of s′ velocity and IVA when compared against the subjects with normal LV mass. Conclusion Subtle LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction develops early in young patients with the TI who have normal cardiac iron concentration. Moreover, LV remodeling as a main cardiac adaptive response plays a principal role in developing myocardial impairment.
The feasibility and impact of a painted designs intervention on school children’s physical activity

ABSTRACT Interventions such as painted designs on school tarmacs may increase children’s physical activity during school hours. This mixed-methods study examined the influence of a painted designs (e.g., traditional games, random circles) intervention on the physical activity experiences of elementary school children. Systematic observations and accelerometer data were collected to evaluate the type and quantity of student physical activity. Interviews were used to explore teacher and student experiences. Observed physical activity was not significantly different between intervention and control schools (t(43) = 0.22, p = 0.83), and children at the intervention schools undertook less physical activity (steps, moderate, vigorous, and combined moderate-to-vigorous activity) as compared with the control school (t = 2.71–4.35, p < 0.05). Teachers and students commented that the painted designs were confusing but held potential for inclusiveness, physical activity, and learning. Additional resources and instruction may assist in better use of painted designs for physical activity and academic learning.