Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Assessment of Genetic Polymorphism in Triticale SC1 Somaclones using RAPD-PCR Markers

- The triticale varieties are becoming more and more widespread crops as human and animal feed. To carry out genotyping of the valuable varieties, molecular markers are important in identification and polymorphism analysis. In the proposed investigation, triticale somaclones derived from three triticale cultivars (Ingen 35, Ingen 93, 188TR5021) were evaluated and compared to the forms obtained from seeds exposed to gamma irradiation (150 Gy). Molecular genetic variability was evaluated based on twelve arbitrary primers using the RAPD method. The results of genotyping with RAPD primers found the most informative oligomers in discriminating the triticale forms. According to the higher weight showed a pronounced polymorphism between somaclones, irradiated and recurrent cultivars. A higher genetic diversity has been identified in forms derived from cultivar Ingen 93 (25% polymorphism) compared to Ingen 35 (15%) or 188TR5027 (19%), especially in somaclone obtained from Ingen 93, confirmed by the number of specific fragments (5) and the highest dissimilarity index (0.26). The significant variability in the frame of somaclones was confirmed by the genetic distance based on the Jaccard index, differentiating them from the control and irradiated treatments.
Anal Cancer: The Past, Present and Future

Anal cancer is a rare cancer that accounts for about 2% of all gastrointestinal tract malignancies. Among anal cancer, squamous cell cancer is the most common malignancy. The incidence of all stages of anal squamous cell cancer has been increasing. Human papillomavirus infection and immunosuppression are major risk factors for anal cancer. The management of anal cancer has evolved over the past several decades and continues to do so. Chemoradiation therapy remains the mainstay for treatment for most patients with early-stage disease, whereas systemic therapy is the primary treatment for patients with metastatic disease. Patients with persistent disease or recurrence following chemoradiation therapy are treated with salvage surgery. Access to novel cytotoxic combinations and immunotherapy has improved the outcomes of patients with advanced disease. This review provides an overview of advances in the management of anal cancer over the past two decades. This paper reviews the epidemiology, risk factors, pathology, diagnosis, and management of localized and advanced anal squamous cell cancer, highlights current knowledge gaps in the management of anal cancer, and discusses future directions.
Analysis of repair algorithms for mirrored-disk systems

This paper analyzes the effects of several disk-repair algorithms (DRA) for a mirrored disk subsystem (RAID-1). The main interest is in disk faults and how the repair-process copies data, for user requests, 'from a fault-free disk to a spare disk' with the least performance-degradation. This study compares how various DRA affect system performance. Two DRA are compared and two access patterns (uniform and nonuniform) are studied to establish their effects on the repair process and performance. Sector faults are repaired using the reassign block facility in the SCSI protocol. When the 'mean load of the disk subsystem is moderate' and the 'sector repair time is of the same order of magnitude as the mean disk request processing time', then the differences between various DRA are minor. Simulation results indicate that the performance degradation of user disk requests can be reduced by introducing a short delay in the repair algorithm, A new algorithm (DRA 3) for detecting sector faults is presented. It scans the disk space, while no user disk-requests are issued, and using the advanced statistics of SCSI disks detects deteriorated media. Its advantage is that it can repair the disk subsystem before data are actually lost due to a media defect.
Ray-tracing in non-radial envelopes of protostars

AFGL 2591 is a newborn blue, highmassive protostar, with 3000 light years toward the constellation of Cygnus and an age of less than 105 years. Its luminosity is about 20’000 times that of the sun. The diameter of this giant star is of about 10 times the diameter of the sun. Its nebula from which AFGL 2591 is originated has actually 500 times the diameter of our Solar system. AFGL 2591 is a deeply embedded high-mass YSO a high-mass protostellar object for which extensive observational data exists. Hence the envelope of AFGL 2591 is still collapsing, density and temperature fluctuate with time and are strongly increasing in the inner part of the protostar. After a certain time the protostar starts to emit radiation, which can be determined with help of the radiative transfer theory which I will explain later. First the protostar emits radiation in the infrared and later the wavelength are mostly in the range of X-rays. This Radiation has a drastic influence on the chemical composition within the inner 10′000AU of the protostar. As being successfully observed by the researcher group of Prof. Dr. Arnold Benz of ETH Zurich, the emission of radiation around AFGL 2591 is not spherically symmetrical as being assumed so far for the constructed models. The purpose was then now to imitate and extend a source model, which is already created by the researcher group of Floris van der Tak at University of Groningen: It assumes a cylindrical symmetry. The received data determined by this model had to be adjusted to the observed data and the chemical models and then maps of the brightness temperature spectrum will be produced.
Optimization of Positioning Error and Time for UWB and Virtual-Real Scenes Similarity Measure Based on Error Model

To overcome the problem of large UWB positioning errors caused by obstacles and other factors in the complex environment of substations, a positioning method combining UWB and virtual-real scene similarity measures is proposed, which effectively improves the positioning accuracy of substation operation and maintenance personnel. To further improve the positioning accuracy of the operation and maintenance personnel in the complex environment of the substation, and reduce the positioning time, this paper analyzes the influence of the virtual scene image acquisition step (x, y, yaw, pitch) on the positioning error. Firstly, the mathematical relationship between the step size parameter and the positioning error as well as the positioning time is quantified using the spatial geometric relationship and probability error theory, and the spatial error model of the fusion positioning algorithm is established; then, based on the established spatial error model, the acquisition step size and the positioning error and positioning time have been optimized to make the positioning time the shortest under the conditions of allowable positioning error. The experimental results show that the spatial error model established in this paper has high accuracy and the optimization results are reliable; the spatial error model is used to optimize the acquisition step parameters, which can ensure the UWB and virtual-real scenes similarity measurement fusion positioning algorithm with positioning error less than 0.2 m (with confidence greater than 0.95) and positioning time of 0.173 s, which significantly improves the positioning speed.
High incidence of leg autotomy in urban crickets

Predation is an important selection pressure affecting animals. Predation has both consumptive and non-lethal effects. Because it is often difficult to estimate the extent to which non-lethal effects occur, we focused on autotomy as an indicator of non-lethal effects occurring in urban habitats. Autotomy is expected to indicate that individuals have escaped from predators. The incidence of leg autotomy in the cricket Dianemobius nigrofasciatus was compared between urban and rural habitats. The incidence of autotomy was higher in urban than in rural habitats. Failure to moult and conspecific aggressive interactions were not the main factors contributing to the incidence of autotomy in these crickets. The ease of autotomy and risk-taking tendencies did not differ among habitats. These results indicate that the incidence of autotomy reflects predation failure, and the non-lethal effects of predation are more likely to occur in urban habitats.
Emergency Department Visits in Children Associated with Exposure to Ambient PM1 within Several Hours

Background: Emerging evidence has integrated short-term exposure to PM1 with children’s morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, most available studies have been conducted on a daily scale, ignoring the exposure variations over the span of a day. Objective: The main intention of this study was to examine the association between pediatric emergency department visits (PEDVs) and intra-day exposures to PM1 and PM2.5. We also aimed to investigate whether a high PM1/PM2.5 ratio elevated the risk of PEDVs independent from PM2.5 exposure within several hours. Methods: We collected hourly data on aerial PM1 and PM2.5 concentrations, all-cause PEDVs, and meteorological factors from two megacities (i.e., Guangzhou and Shenzhen) in southern China during 2015–2016. Time-stratified case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression analysis were used to assess the associations of PEDVs with exposures to PM1 and PM2.5 at different lag hours. The contribution of PM1 to PM2.5-associated risk was quantified by introducing PM1/PM2.5 ratio as an additional exposure indicator in the analysis adjusting for PM2.5. Subgroup analyses were performed stratified by sex, age, and season. Results: During this study period, 97,508 and 101,639 children were included from Guangzhou and Shenzhen, respectively. PM1 and PM2.5 exposures within several hours were both remarkably related to an increased risk of PEDVs. Risks for PEDVs increased by 3.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.7–5.0%) in Guangzhou and 3.2% (95% CI: 1.9–4.4%) in Shenzhen for each interquartile range (Guangzhou: 21.4 μg/m3, Shenzhen: 15.9 μg/m3) increase in PM1 at lag 0–3 h, respectively. A high PM1/PM2.5 ratio was substantially correlated with increased PEDVs, with an excess risk of 2.6% (95% CI: 1.2–4.0%) at lag 73–96 h in Guangzhou and 1.2% (95% CI: 0.4–2.0%) at lag 0–3 h in Shenzhen. Stratified analysis showed a clear seasonal pattern in PM-PEDVs relationships, with notably stronger risks in cold months (October to March of the following year) than in warm months (April to September). Conclusions: Exposures to ambient PM1 and PM2.5 within several hours were related to increased PEDVs. A high PM1/PM2.5 ratio may contribute an additional risk independent from the short-term impacts of PM2.5. These findings highlighted the significance of reducing PM1 in minimizing health risks due to PM2.5 exposure in children.
Universal Data Compression Algorithm Based on Approximate String Matching

A practical source coding scheme based on approximate string matching is proposed. It is an approximate fixed-length string matching data compression combined with a block-coder based on the empirical distribution. A lemma on approximate string matching, which is an extension of the Kac Lemma, is proved. It is shown, based on the lemma, that the deterministic algorithm converts the stationary and ergodic source, u, into an output process v, and under the assumption that v is a stationary process, after the scheme has run for an infinite time, the optimal compression ratio R(D) is achieved. This reduces the problem of the universal lossy coder to the proof of stationarity of the output process ν in the proposed algorithm. The main advantages of the proposed method are the asymptotic sequential behavior of the encoder and the simplicity of the decoder.
Newton, observers and nonlinear discrete-time control

Development of exact asymptotic observers for nonlinear discrete-time systems is addressed. It is argued that instead of trying to imitate the linear observer theory, the problem of constructing a nonlinear observer can be more fruitfully studied in the context of solving simultaneous nonlinear equations. In particular, it is shown that Newton's algorithm, properly interpreted, yields an asymptotic observer for a large class of discrete-time systems. The utility of the observer for closed-loop, observer-based, feedback control is also established. Some non-local aspects of the results are also discussed. <<ETX>>
EVAPORATION, AND MOISTURE AND HEAT FIELDS IN THE SOIL

Abstract Recent developments in the study of moisture and heat fields in the soil are applied to the problem of evaporation from bare soil surfaces. Most of the analysis is confined to steady conditions, but it definitely suggests that there are three phases to the desiccation of a given soil profile: 1. So long as the soil is sufficiently moist, the evaporation rate, E, is indistinguishable from that from a saturated surface, E3. 2. At intermediate moisture contents, E is independent of E3 and depends only on the soil-moisture distribution. 3. When the surface layers of the soil are sufficiently dry, E is sensitive to the heat flux in the soil, and a negative correlation between E and E3 may follow. The first and second of these correspond to the well-known constant and falling rate phases of the “isothermal” drying of initially saturated soils and other porous media, which thus receive quantitative physical explanation. There is experimental evidence of the existence of the third phase also. Other resul.
Spatial Attention Enhanced Network for Segmentation of Exudate

Diabetic retinopathy is a disease allied with prolonged diabetes mellitus, in which the eyes get affected. An early indication of the disease is the formation of exudate which arises as a result of the vascular leakage of lipid. The condition may lead to blindness if it develops near the macula. Diagnosis of exudate at its initial phase is likely to lower the chance of visual impairment in patients. A major problem in detecting exudate is its small size in comparison to the total image area. This study introduces a method for segmenting exudate in fundus images considering an encoder-decoder architecture which incorporates the concept of Spatial Attention mechanism. To enhance the performance of the model and to compute the spatial relationship among the features, the spatial attention mechanism is applied. The efficiency of the proposed network is assessed using four datasets namely DIARETDB0, DIARETDB1, MESSIDOR, and IDRiD. It has been noticed that the designed framework attends an overall accuracy of 94.98% and also performs better over the existing methods considering positive predictive value, specificity, and sensitivity as segmentation metrics.
Structural Insights into the Ligand–LsrK Kinase Binding Mode: A Step Forward in the Discovery of Novel Antimicrobial Agents

LsrK is a bacterial kinase that triggers the quorum sensing, and it represents a druggable target for the identification of new agents for fighting antimicrobial resistance. Herein, we exploited tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy (TFS) as a suitable technique for the identification of potential LsrK ligands from an in-house library of chemicals comprising synthetic compounds as well as secondary metabolites. Three secondary metabolites (Hib-ester, Hib-carbaldehyde and (R)-ASME) showed effective binding to LsrK, with KD values in the sub-micromolar range. The conformational changes were confirmed via circular dichroism and molecular docking results further validated the findings and displayed the specific mode of interaction. The activity of the identified compounds on the biofilm formation by some Staphylococcus spp. was investigated. Hib-carbaldehyde and (R)-ASME were able to reduce the production of biofilm, with (R)-ASME resulting in the most effective compound with an EC50 of 14 mg/well. The successful application of TFS highlights its usefulness in searching for promising LsrK inhibitor candidates with inhibitor efficacy against biofilm formation.
The stability of free-surface flows with viscosity stratification

The hydrodynamic stability is examined of liquids in which the viscosity varies with distance below a free surface. It is assumed that the viscosity becomes indefinitely large with distance from the surface, and that there is an ‘effective depth’ within which most of the motion occurs; but, otherwise, the viscosity distribution is arbitrary. The particular cases of wave-generation by a concurrent air flow at a horizontal liquid surface, and the stability of inclined flow under gravity are treated. It is shown that instabilities may occur which are similar to those known for thin uniform liquid films.
Determinants Analysis Regarding Household Chemical Indoor Pollution

Indoor household pollution is not yet sufficiently studied in the general population. Over 4 million people die prematurely every year due to air pollution in households. This study aimed to propose quantitative data research through the administration of a KAP (Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices) Survey Questionnaire. This cross-sectional study administered questionnaires to adults from the metropolitan city of Naples (Italy). Three Multiple Linear Regression Analyses (MLRA) were developed, including Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior regarding household chemical air pollution and the related risks. One thousand six hundred seventy subjects received a questionnaire to be filled out and collected anonymously. The mean age of the sample was 44.68 years, ranging from 21–78 years. Most of the people interviewed (76.13%) had good attitudes toward house cleaning, and 56.69% stated paying attention to cleaning products. Results of the regression analysis indicated that positive attitudes were significantly higher among subjects who graduated, with older age, male and non-smokers, but they were correlated with lower knowledge. In conclusion, a behavioral and attitudinal program targeted those with knowledge, such as younger subjects with high educational levels, but do not engage in correct practices towards household indoor chemical pollution.
Sacrospinous Hysteropexy Versus Prolapse Hysterectomy with Apical Fixation: A Retrospective Comparison over an 18 Year Period

Background. Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common health problem, with a high lifetime risk for prolapse surgery. Uterine-preserving procedures such as vaginal sacrospinous hysteropexy (SSH) have become an increasingly utilized surgical option for the primary treatment of POP. We wanted to evaluate peri- and postoperative outcome parameters of SSH as an alternative to vaginal hysterectomy with apical fixation. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted (2003–2021). All patients who underwent primary SSH (study group) for symptomatic POP were matched 1:1 by age and BMI with patients who underwent primary prolapse hysterectomy with apical fixation (control group). Results. A total of 192 patients were included with 96 patients in the each of the SSH and hysterectomy groups. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics. The SSH group show a significantly shorter mean surgery time (p < 0.001), significantly fewer hospitalization days (p < 0.001), and significantly less intraoperative blood loss (p = 0.033) in comparison to the control group. Neither group had any intraoperative complication, or an intraoperative conversion to other surgical management options. No statistically significant difference was found in postoperative complications as categorized by the Clavien–Dindo classification or in postoperative urogynecological issues (UTI, de-novo, incontinence, residual urine, voiding disorders). Through log regression, none of the confounding factors such as age, BMI, or preoperative POP-Q stage could be identified as independent risk factors for the occurrence of postoperative complications. Conclusions. Our results confirm that a uterus-preserving technique has many benefits and, thus, should be considered as an additional intermediate step in a long-term treatment plan of pelvic organ prolapse.
Gender-Related Discrepancies in Short-Term Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery

The sex differences in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) surgery are still unclear. Our aim was to investigate the impact of gender on short-term outcomes in males and females after off-pump bypass procedures. Our research was designed as a double-center retrospective analysis. Generally, 343 patients (men (n = 255) and women (n = 88)) who underwent an OPCAB procedure were included in our study. To provide a statistical analysis of unequal cohorts, we created a propensity score-based matching (PSM) analysis (men, n = 61; women, n = 61). The primary endpoint was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Dialysis, transient ischemic attack (TIA), low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS), reoperation due to postoperative bleeding, wound infection and duration of hospital stay were secondary outcomes in our analysis. No significant differences were detected within the male and female groups regarding age (p = 0.116), BMI (p = 0.221), diabetes (p = 0.853), cardiogenic shock (0.256), STEMI (p = 0.283), NSTEMI (p = 0.555) and dialysis (p = 0.496). Males underwent significantly more frequently (p = 0.005) total-arterial revascularization with T-graft technique (p = 0.005) than females. In contrast, temporary pacer use was significantly higher (p = 0.022) in females compared to males. The in-hospital mortality rate was not significantly higher (p = 0.496) in the female group compared to the male group. Likewise, secondary outcomes did not differ significantly between the non-adjusted and the adjusted groups. Based on our findings, gender has no impact on short-term outcomes after OPCAB surgery.
A Genetic Algorithm with Local Searching Strategy and its Application

A new genetic algorithm wit h local searching strategy is proposed in t his paper , which over comes the disadvantage of t he GA. It combines GA wit h BP algorithm. The global convergence of the new genetic algorithm is p roved by using Markovian chain theory. And the new GA proves that it is efficient to model in nonlinear system of oil fields.
A Novel CVA Fault Detection Method Based on Abnormal Data Elimination

Canonical variate analysis (CVA) is a traditional data-based fault diagnosis method that is widely used in chemical processes. In most cases, all the training data under normal working conditions is used by the algorithm to train a model. However, due to the environmental disturbance and sensor measurement error, some of the collected data under normal working conditions may have noise and interference, leading to big errors in training models and inaccurate fault diagnosis results. Therefore, a novel abnormal-data-elimination method based on a new T2 statistic is proposed in this paper, which can effectively detect and eliminate the abnormal samples in the training set. And only the remaining data is used to build the model in order to improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis results. At last, the Tennessee Eastman process is applied to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The simulation result shows that the proposed novel CVA method can reduce the false alarm rate without affecting the fault detection performance, which improve the fault detection ability obviously.