Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tendencia aleatoria o determinística: una nueva prueba basada en la teoría tradicional

Several procedures to test the null hypothesis on the random or deterministic origin of the trend in a time series are found in the specialized literature. Most of these tests are based on the analysis of the unit roots of the autoregressive or moving average operators. The procedures are based on the nonstandard theory associated to a Wiener process. In this paper it is proposed a test that uses the autocorrelation function (ACF) of the residuals considering the null hypothesis H0 : Z_{t} = β_{0} + Z_{t-1} + a_{t}, and the alternative hypothesis H1 : Z_{t} = β_{0} + β_{1}t+a_{t}. The distribution of the test statistics for finite sample sizes and the asymptotic approximation are obtained using the usual theory, assuming that at is a gaussian white noise. The procedure is generalized for the case where at is a correlated white noise. The results obtained using simulation show that the proposed test has in general high power and specially when it is compared the well known Dicker-Fuller Augmented test (ADF), in the case when the roots of the autoregressive or moving average operators are close to one. The proposed procedure has also better approximation to the nominal test size when it is also compared with the ADF.
Ynamide-Mediated Peptide Bond Formation: Mechanistic Study and Synthetic Applications.

Ynamides, a class of novel coupling reagents for peptide synthesis, facilitated peptide bond formation in a one-pot, two-step manner with α -acyloxyenamide active esters of amino acids as stable intermediates. Ynamide-mediated peptide synthesis proceeded via a reaction mechanism that is completely different from that of conventional coupling reagents, and exhibited remarkable superiority in addressing the notorious racemization/epimerization issue concerned by peptide community. Herein, we presented a systematic mechanistic analysis, including kinetics study, Brønsted-type structure-reactivity study, and density functional theory calculations, providing unprecedented mechanistic insights into the ynamide-mediated peptide bond formation. Based on these mechanistic studies, significant improvements were achieved, and the applicability scope of ynamide-mediated peptide bond formation has been successfully expanded to peptide fragment condensation, head-to-tail cyclization and solid-phase peptide synthesis.
Inertial Measurement Unit-Assisted Ultrasonic Tracking System for Ultrasound Probe Localization

Ultrasonic tracking is a promising technique in indoor object localization. However, limited success has been reported in dynamic orientational and positional ultrasonic tracking for ultrasound (US) probes due to its instability and relatively low accuracy. This article aims at developing an inertial measurement unit (IMU)-assisted ultrasonic tracking system that enables a high accuracy positional and orientational localization. The system was designed with the acoustic pressure field simulation of the transmitter, receiver configuration, position-variant error simulation, and sensor fusion. The prototype was tested in a tracking volume required in typical obstetric sonography within the typical operation speed ranges (slow mode and fast mode) of US probe movement. The performance in two different speed ranges was evaluated against a commercial optical tracking device. The results show that the proposed IMU-assisted US tracking system achieved centimeter-level positional tracking accuracy with the mean absolute error (MAE) of 12 mm and the MAE of orientational tracking was less than 1°. The results indicate the possibility of implementing the IMU-assisted ultrasonic tracking system in US probe localization.
Dietary weight loss intervention provides improvement of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms—A randomized clinical trial

To evaluate the effect of dietary interventions aimed at weight loss in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms and general health‐related quality of life (HRQL) in overweight and obese patients. A population of GERD patients were randomized into two groups: the intervention group received individualized dietary counselling on scheduled appointments throughout 6 months of follow‐up (n = 31) and the control group received only informative dietary guidelines on baseline (n = 31). Anthropometric data were monthly collected, and the HRQL score for GERD (GERD‐HRQL) and the Health Survey (SF‐36) questionnaires were applied on baseline and reevaluated at the end of follow‐up. Dietary intervention led to an average weight loss of 4.4 kg (±5.3) and an average BMI reduction of 1.7 kg/m2 (±2.9) compared to an increase in weight of 2.1 kg (±4.4) (p < .001) and an increase in BMI of 1.3 (±6.3) (p = 0.023) in the control group. Individuals in the intervention group had a mean decrease in symptoms of 6.8 (±5.5) points while the control group had worsening of their symptoms with an increase of 3.3 (±4) points (p < .001) in the disease‐specific questionnaire. There was a positive association between weight loss and reduction of symptoms as measured by the GERD‐HRQL score (r = .49; p < .001). Dietary intervention for 6 months with an individualized low‐calorie diet program produces weight loss and a significant improvement in GERD‐related symptoms, as well as in HRQL.
Estimation of fraction of drug metabolism by a single UDP‐glucuronosyl transferase enzyme using relative expression factor

The estimation of the contributions of UDP‐glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) isoforms to the overall metabolism still suffers from technical difficulties due to limited information on enzyme levels in recombinant systems and specific inhibitors, unlike the case for cytochrome P450s (CYPs). The protein expression levels of UGT in both recombinant system microsomes (RM) and human liver microsomes (HLM) were quantified using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry, and the relative expression factor (REF) value of HLM to recombinant microsomes was estimated to evaluate the fractions of drug metabolism by a single UGT enzyme (fmUGT) of UGT substrates. The REF values of UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A9, UGT2B4, UGT2B7, and UGT2B17 were 0.228, 0.0714, 0.0665, 0.420, 0.118, and 0.0442, respectively. fmUGTs in HLM were estimated for several typical UGT substrates utilizing these values and metabolic clearances in RM. These values were comparable to the reported values estimated by various methods. This study provided useful information on REF values, which promote a robust estimation of fmUGT values for UGT substrates when evaluating the contribution of UGT isoforms to total metabolic clearance.
A Co-Designed Neuromorphic Chip With Compact (17.9K F2) and Weak Neuron Number-Dependent Neuron/Synapse Modules

Many efforts have been made to improve the neuron integration efficiency on neuromorphic chips, such as using emerging memory devices and shrinking CMOS technology nodes. However, in the fully connected (FC) neuromorphic core, increasing the number of neurons will lead to a square increase in synapse & dendrite costs and a high-slope linear increase in soma costs, resulting in an explosive growth of core hardware costs. We propose a co-designed neuromorphic core (SRCcore) based on the quantized spiking neural network (SNN) technology and compact chip design methodology. The cost of the neuron/synapse module in SRCcore weakly depends on the neuron number, which effectively relieves the growth pressure of the core area caused by increasing the neuron number. In the proposed BICS chip based on SRCcore, although the neuron/synapse module implements 1∼16 times of neurons and 1∼66 times of synapses, it only costs an area of 1.79 × 107 F2, which is 7.9%∼38.6% of that in previous works. Based on the weight quantization strategy matched with SRCcore, quantized SNNs achieve 0.05%∼2.19% higher accuracy than previous works, thus supporting the design and application of SRCcore. Finally, a cross-modeling application is demonstrated based on the chip. We hope this work will accelerate the development of cortical-scale neuromorphic systems.
Comparison of Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy using LiDCOrapid System with Regular Fluid Therapy in Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery as a Randomised Clinical Trial

Abstract Background Goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) is a new concept to describe the cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume variation to guide intravenous fluid administration during surgery. LiDCOrapid (LiDCO, Cardiac Sensor System, UK Company Regd 2736561, VAT Regd 672475708) is a minimally invasive monitor that estimates the responsiveness of CO versus fluid infusion. We intend to find whether GDFT using the LiDCOrapid system can decrease the volume of intraoperative fluid therapy and facilitate recovery in patients undergoing posterior fusion spine surgeries in comparison to regular fluid therapy. Methods This study is a randomised clinical trial, and the design was parallel. Inclusion criteria for participants in this study were patients with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and ischemic heart disease undergoing spine surgery; exclusion criteria were patients with irregular heart rhythm or severe valvular heart disease. Forty patients with a previous history of medical comorbidities undergoing spine surgery were randomly and evenly assigned to receive either LiDCOrapid guided fluid therapy or regular fluid therapy. The volume of infused fluid was the primary outcome. The amount of bleeding, number of patients who needed packed red blood cell transfusion, base deficit, urine output, days of hospital length of stay and intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and time needed to start eating solids were monitored as secondary outcomes. Results The volume of infused crystalloid and urinary output in the LiDCO group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p = .001). Base deficit at the end of surgery was significantly better in the LiDCO group (p < .001). The duration of hospital length of stay in the LiDCO group was significantly shorter (p = .027), but the duration of ICU admission was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion Goal-directed fluid therapy using the LiDCOrapid system reduced the volume of intraoperative fluid therapy.
LINEARIZATION STABILITY RESULTS AND ACTIVE MEASUREMENTS FOR THE EINSTEIN-SCALAR FIELD EQUATIONS

We consider linearization stability results for the cou- pled Einstein equations and the scalar field equations for the metric g and scalar fields φ = (φ l ) L=1 on a 4-dimensional globally hyperbolic Lorentzian manifold (M,g). More precisely, we study the Einstein equations coupled with the scalar field equations and study the sys- tem Ein(g) = T, T = T(g,φ) + F 1 , andgφ l − m 2 φ l = F 2 , where the sources F = (F 1 ,F 2 ) correspond to perturbations of the physi- cal fields which we control. The sources F need to be such that the fields (g,φ,F) are solutions of this system and satisfy the conservation law divg(T) = 0. If (ge,φe) solves the above equations, the derivatives u
Asymptotic performance of optimal state estimation in quantum two level system

We derived an asymptotic bound the accuracy of the estimation when we use the quantum correlation in the measuring apparatus. It is also proved that this bound can be achieved in any model in the quantum two-level system. Moreover, we show that this bound of such a model cannot be attained by any quantum measurement with no quantum correlation in the measuring apparatus. That is, in such a model, the quantum correlation can improve the accuracy of the estimation in an asymptotic setting.
Beyond Employment Rates: Earnings of People With Visual Impairments

Estimates from national datasets have revealed long-standing discrepancies in earnings between people with and without disabilities (Houtenville & Rafal, 2020; Maroto & Pettinicchio, 2015). For example, full-time, year-round workers with disabilities earned 87 cents per dollar earned by people without disabilities in 2017 (Day & Taylor, 2019). The pay gap between people with and without disabilities widened to 66 cents per dollar when including both full-time and parttime workers. Previous investigations of employment for Americans with visual impairments using national data have predominantly focused on employment rates and labor force participation rather than earnings (Houtenville, 2003; Kirchner et al., 1999; McDonnall & McKnight, 2021; McDonnall & Sui, 2019; Sherrod et al., 2014). Information about the earnings of workers with visual impairments based on nationally representative data is limited. Using Survey of Income and Education data from 1976, Kirchner and Peterson (1980) documented substantial gaps in earnings between workers with and without visual impairments across occupational groups. Overall, workers with visual impairments earned 66.7% of what workers without visual impairments earned, and these gaps increased when a broad education level was considered. More recently, Erickson et al. (2020) examined annual earnings by disability type with 2018 American Community Survey (ACS) data and found that earnings of full-time, year-round workers with visual impairments were 82.3% of general population earnings. Research with other data sources has focused on earnings and factors associated with earnings of Americans with visual impairments (Bell & Mino, 2015; Silverman et al., 2019), including vocational rehabilitation consumers (Bell, 2010; Capella, 2001; Clapp et al., 2020; Estrada-Hernández, 2008; Giesen & Lang, 2018). The average annual earnings of survey participants with visual impairments in 2011 were $40,134, and median earnings were $35,000 (Bell & Mino, 2015). In that study, annual earnings differed significantly by education level but not by the severity of visual impairment. In another survey study conducted from 2016 to 2017, people with visual impairments had average annual earnings of $44,879 and median earnings of $38,400 (Silverman et al., 2019). Bell (2010) documented a
Evaluating the Use of Tactile Shapes in Associative Learning for People Who Are Blind

Introduction: This work investigates if simple two-dimensional (2D) tactile shapes can facilitate encoding, retention, and retrieval of associated information in the form of one-word labels. It also questions the need for the resemblance of tactile graphics with respective visual referents. Methods: Four experiments were conducted using recall tasks with verbal and tactual triggers. Students who are blind from schools for blind students in Indianapolis, Indiana (USA) and New Delhi (India) participated in these experiments. Participants learned 12 shapes with assigned (two sets of) one-word labels categorized as consonant, dissonant, or abstract. Recall tasks were conducted after 1 week and after 4 months using verbal and tactual triggers. Results: The results of experiment 1 show that recall performance for consonant associations was higher than that for dissonant and abstract. Experiment 2 shows the recall performance using orally narrated verbal triggers, while experiments 3 and 4 use tactile triggers (both verbal and shape). Additionally, in experiment 4, the participants were observed recalling most associations after 4 months. Tactile verbal triggers (braille) invoked better recall accuracy as compared to tactile shape triggers. Discussion: The results and discussion with schema theory suggest that resemblance to visual referent (or similarity of tactile shape with real-life visual stimuli) is not necessary for learning associated labels. Additionally, simple 2D tactile shapes can support long-term retention of associated verbal information. The presence of primacy effect (better retention of first few associations) and distinctiveness effect (better retention of unique associations). Implications for Practitioners: The inferences of this work can influence the redesign of educational material and pedagogy for students with blindness by: (1) contributing to the development of a standardized set of symbols with associated meanings and using them for book annotation or indicating the genre of a graphic; (2) using simple tactile images instead of complex “visually correct” images.
Programmable light curtains for Safety Envelopes, SLAM and Navigation

Conventional robot perception and navigation pipelines are built using traditional sensors such as RGB cameras, stereo depth sensors and LiDARs. These sensors scan the entire scene in a fixed and uniform way. In contrast, programmable light curtains are a recently-invented, resource-efficient sensor that measure the depth of any vertically-ruled surface (“curtain”) specified by the user. Compared to LiDARs, light curtains are relatively inexpensive, significantly faster (45-60 Hz) and capture depth at a much higher resolution (640 scan lines). However, they require user control. The main contributions of this thesis are to (1) integrate programmable light curtains with an existing, state-of-the-art navigation and autonomy stack, (2) develop algorithms for enabling light curtains to detect and avoid obstacles for safe navigation, and (3) perform high resolution mapping and accurate robot localization using intelligent curtain placements. Our overall system consists of parallelized components that interact naturally and continuously while running at their own independent speeds. This work is a step towards full-stack autonomous robot navigation using fast, high-resolution, controllable sensing. We demonstrate our integration on a wheelchair robot.
Introduction to compact Riemann surfaces and dessins d'enfants

Few books on the subject of Riemann surfaces cover the relatively modern theory of dessins d'enfants (children's drawings), which was launched by Grothendieck in the 1980s and is now an active field of research. In this 2011 book, the authors begin with an elementary account of the theory of compact Riemann surfaces viewed as algebraic curves and as quotients of the hyperbolic plane by the action of Fuchsian groups of finite type. They then use this knowledge to introduce the reader to the theory of dessins d'enfants and its connection with algebraic curves defined over number fields. A large number of worked examples are provided to aid understanding, so no experience beyond the undergraduate level is required. Readers without any previous knowledge of the field of dessins d'enfants are taken rapidly to the forefront of current research.
Upper bounds, cofiniteness, and artinianness of local cohomology modules defined by a pair of ideals

Let $R$ be a commutative noetherian ring, $I,J$ be two ideals of $R$, $M$ be an $R$-module, and $\mathcal{S}$ be a Serre class of $R$-modules. A positive answer to the Huneke$^,$s conjecture is given for a noetherian ring $R$ and minimax $R$-module $M$ of krull dimension less than 3, with respect to $\mathcal{S}$. There are some results on cofiniteness and artinianness of local cohomology modules with respect to a pair of ideals. For a ZD-module $M$ of finite krull dimension and an integer $n\in\mathbb{N}$, if $\lc^{i}_{I,J}(M)\in\mathcal{S}$ for all $i>n$, then $\lc^{i}_{I,J}(M)/\fa^{j}\lc^{i}_{I,J}(M)\in\mathcal{S}$ for any $\fa\in\tilde{W}(I,J)$, all $i\geq n$, and all $j\geq0$. By introducing the concept of Seree cohomological dimension of $M$ with respect to $(I,J)$, for an integer $r\in\mathbb{N}_0$, $\lc^{j}_{I,J}(R)\in\mathcal{S}$ for all $j>r$ iff $\lc^{j}_{I,J}(M)\in\mathcal{S}$ for all $j>r$ and any finite $R$-module $M$.
Systematic Compositionality in Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)

Generalization is a key element behind a strong performing neural network: models that generalize perform well even with novel inputs. We investigated a specific form of generalization known as systematic compositionality, the algebraic capacity to understand and produce a potentially infinite number of novel combinations from known components [Chomsky and Lightfoot, 2002, Montague, 1970]. The principle of systematic compositionality is especially adequate in explaining efficient language learning in humans. For example, once a child learns the meaning of the word “jump” and the meaning of the word “twice,” he or she can understand the utterance “jump twice. ” However, it is not clear whether neural networks, particularly RNNs, compose systematically as humans do. Identifying systematic compositionality in RNNs, or lack thereof, can give insight to their need for large sets of training examples.
The USTC_NELSLIP System for OpenASR21 Challenge

—This paper describes our system participating in the IARPA Open Automatic Speech Recognition Challenge (OpenASR21). Our submissions cover both the constrained condition (all fifteen languages) and unconstrained condition (seven languages). For the constrained condition, we adopt the hybrid ASR system for acoustic modeling. Importantly, we train text-to-speech (TTS) models in order to increase the size of training data. As for unconstrained condition, we choose the end-to-end (E2E) ASR architecture which can benefit more from adequate training data than hybrid ASR systems. We also train several candidate models which have different encoders. Finally, model fusion is used to further improve the overall performance. According to the results on the evaluation sets, there are still a lot of room for improvement in the field of low-resource ASR.
SYNTHESIS OF QUERSETIN COMPLEX COMPOUNDS WITH IRON (II) IONS ASSESSMENT OF ITS STABILITY Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | May-Jun 2022 ISSN: 2660-4159

: Complexes of quercetin with iron (II) ions were synthesized, its IR spectra were studied, and it was proven that if Fe-O bond was formed in the 627 cm -1 region of the oscillation, a complex of shifts in several bonds would occur, in addition, the results of the analysis of UV-spectra showed that bathochromic shifts of about 7 nm and 64 nm were detected, and the stability constant of the synthesized complex compound was calculated, according to which the stability constant of the complex formed from the cation Fe (II) and quercetin was found to be 𝛽 𝐾′ = 5,5 10 -3 at 273 nm and 𝛽 𝐾′ = 4,6 10 -3 at 340 nm.
First Evidence for the Hanle Effect in Molecular Lines

In many wavelength regions molecular lines dominate the second solar spectrum that results from coherent scattering. Scattering polarization is modified by magnetic fields via the Hanle effect. This allows us to explore the magnetic field regime with weak field strengths and mixed polarities, which is not seen with the Zeeman effect and thus contains complementary information. Molecular lines are particularly well suited to diagnose such turbulent fields because they exhibit a broad range of magnetic sensitivities within narrow spectral regions. Thus, it is possible to employ the technique of the differential Hanle effect, i.e. to obtain field strengths by observing polarization ratios in various lines. We have identified one R- and one P-triplet of C2 at 5140 A and 5141 A, respectively, that satisfy all conditions to be used in the differential Hanle effect. Based on these lines we have developed a model that can diagnose turbulent magnetic fields using the Hanle effect. The tool is sensitive over a broad range of magnetic field strengths from a few Gauss up to several hundred Gauss. This tool has allowed us to find a significant Hanle depolarization of C2 lines in quiet Sun observations, which corresponds to a magnetic field strength of 15 ± 3G.