Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF TYPHIDOT (IGM) IN EARLY AND RAPID DIAGNOSIS OF TYPHOID FEVER

INTRODUCTION also delay in diagnosis and so start of appropriate 5 Typhoid fever is widely recognized as a major public therapy . health problem in developing countries. It is a severe systemic infection caused by Salmonella typhi. The This study was important in context of Abbottabad where disease is endemic in the Indian sub-continent, Southtyphoid fever had caused large number of patients to visit East Asia, Africa, the Middle-East, South and Central tertiary care hospitals because majority of them drank America, where provision of pure water supplies and raw-water from tube-wells and deep-borred wells and 1 sewage control are inadequate . Incidence of typhoid also didn’t wash hands properly after using toilets with fever has been estimated as approximately 22 million soap. In addition, most of them are illiterate, living in 2 unhygienic surroundings and have poor socio-economic cases with at least 200,000 deaths occurring annually . status hence further predisposing for disease The disease may occur in all ages, with the highest 3 prevalence. Therefore, we conducted this study in need incidence found particularly in children . According to of a reliable laboratory test for early and rapid diagnosis WHO (World Health Organization), the overall incidence of typhoid fever. of typhoid fever is 412 cases per 100,000 population per 4 year in Pakistan . Typhoid fever is known to be Isolation of Salmonella typhi (S.typhi) via blood culture is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to still used as gold standard test for typhoid fever, but emerging multidrug-resistant strains of salmonellae and ORIGINAL PROF-1726 TYPHOID FEVER EVALUATION OF TYPHIDOT (IGM) IN EARLY AND RAPID DIAGNOSIS OF TYPHOID FEVER
Evaluation of Phytoremediation Potential of Vetiver Grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty) for Wastewater Treatment

Water pollution is one of the most critical global issues. Meanwhile, the problem of water pollution of rivers especially in Iran is rising due to expansion of agricultural and industrial applications. Due to a large number of sewer catchments, there are some dam reservoirs like ZHAVE in Iranian state of Kurdistan that have not been able to collect significant amount of water since last 10 years. Removal of heavy metals as contaminants from runoffs and recycling of water is a necessity and a vital issue in the world. Various methods and standards are invented and used to isolate and remove all types of pollutants. This study focuses on the purification and removal of contaminants in water sources using the phytoremediation method by introducing Vetiver grass species in the case of floating treatment wetland (FTW). This study’s preliminary purpose is to investigate a practical remedial solution and improvement methodology for the water quality of reservoirs and rivers by growing the floating Vetiver island method. The results show that following parameters such as COD by 97%, TN by 90%, phosphorus by 66%, TDS by 26%, and evapotranspiration by 40% were reduced. Therefore, we concluded that for a wastewater with varying neutrient concentrations such as in ZHAVE dam, concentration of nutrients N and P was controlled and consequently inhibition and prevention of the eutrophication of water resources in the medium and long term became possible due to reduction in the rate of evaporation from reservoirs.
Highly efficient and biodegradable flexible supercapacitors fabricated with electrodes of coconut-fiber/graphene nanoplates

We report the fabrication and electrochemical characterization of biodegradable and flexible supercapacitors (SCs). The conductive electrodes of these SCs were pieces of compacted coconut fibers coated by graphene nanoplates. An oral electrolyte solution (OES) and rice paper were used as electrolyte and separator, respectively. The SCs’ encapsulation was made of gelatin/pectin. According to the electrochemical tests, the maximum capacitance and specific energy of the cell made with the biodegradable components were 670.8 F g−1 and 134.2 Wh kg−1, respectively. After adding MgTiO3 nanoparticles (NPs) to the anode, both, the capacitance and specific energy were enhanced by ≈37% and by ≈20%, respectively. For comparison purposes, the OES electrolyte was substituted by a conventional acidic electrolyte (PVA/H3PO4) in the SCs, but the capacitance and specific energy obtained were lower (175.9 F g−1 and 35.2 Wh kg−1). Interestingly, the biodegradable cells exhibited very long discharge times of 550–600 min and a stable output voltage in the range of 0.54–0.71 V, which has not been observed previously for biodegradable SCs. The SCs made with MgTiO3 NPs stored charge by redox reactions and the redox centers were oxygen vacancies (defects), Mg2+/Mg0 and Ti3+/Ti4 (the presence of such centers was confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman and absorbance measurements). In general, we demonstrated that the biodegradable SCs are sustainable/eco-friendly energy sources that are promising to substitute the conventional technologies of Li or alkaline batteries made with toxic/corrosive components that contaminate the environment.
Growth of Female Labour Force Participation by Occupation in the Economy of Himachal Pradesh

The occupational structure is defined as the percentage of its workforce employed in various economic ventures. To put it in other words, articulating the number of the total working population employed in agriculture and associated activities and the number of them involved in the manufacturing and service sectors can be identified from the occupational structure of the nation. The present research paper proceeds with the objective of analyzing the growth of female labour force participation in Himachal Pradesh during 1991, 2001 and 2011. The maximum growth has been witnessed by other workers followed by female main workers, female household industry workers and female agricultural labourers. There was no noticeable growth in female cultivators and it is negative. The growth rate of female other workers is more than 50 per cent, and in comparison to female other workers the growth rate of female agricultural labourers, female household industry and female cultivators is very low. The present research also reviews the female labour force participation rate performance across rural-urban areas. The share of female labour force participation in rural areas is much higher than those in urban areas. But the relieving point is that there is a significant increase in women work participation rate over a period of time in rural and urban segments of Himachal Pradesh
Troubleshooting: a Dynamic Solution for Achieving Reliable Fault Detection by Combining Augmented Reality and Machine Learning

Today’s perplexing maintenance operations and rapid technology development require an understanding of the complex working environment and processing of dynamic and real-time information. However, the environment complexity and an exponential increase in data volume create new challenges and demands and hence make troubleshooting extremely difficult. To overcome the previously mentioned issues and provide the operator real-time access to fast-flowing information, we propose a hybrid solution made of augmented reality further combined with machine learning software. In particular, we present a dynamic reference map of all the required modules and relations that connect machine learning with augmented reality on an example of adaptive fault detection. The proposed dynamic reference map is applied to a pilot case study for immediate validation. To highlight the effectiveness of the proposed solution, the more challenging task of measuring the impact of combining augmented reality with machine learning for fault analysis on maintenance decisions is addressed.
Testing for Spurious Dynamics in Structural Models with Applications to Monetary Policy

We propose a universal and straightforward test for validating assumptions in the structural models. Structural models impose a causal structure, take data as an input, and then produce exact structural parameters. We simulate the new data while breaking the original causal structure. We then feed the model the simulated data and then see whether it produces different results. If its conclusions are the same, then the models' implications are not sensitive to the underlying data, and the model fails the test. We then apply our test to the models analyzing monetary policy. We find out that simple SVARs successfully pass the test and can be used to identify monetary policy effects. On the other hand, DSGE models estimated via full-information methods such as Smets and Wouters (2007) fail the test and potentially force their conclusions on the data.
A Systematic Review of Current Teleophthalmology Services in New Zealand Compared to the Four Comparable Countries of the United Kingdom, Australia, United States of America (USA) and Canada

Background Over 700,000 New Zealanders (NZ), particularly elderly and Māori, live without timely access to specialist ophthalmology services. Teleophthalmology is a widely recognised tool that can assist in overcoming resource and distance barriers. Teleophthalmology gained unprecedented traction in NZ during the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown. However, its provision is still limited and there are equity issues. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review identifying, describing and contrasting teleophthalmology services in NZ with the comparable countries of Australia, USA, Canada and the United Kingdom. Methods The electronic databases Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Google were systemically searched using the keywords: telemedicine, ophthalmology, tele-ophthalmology/teleophthalmology. The searches were filtered to the countries above, with no time constraints. An integrative approach was used to synthesise findings. Results One hundred and thirty-two studies were identified describing 90 discrete teleophthalmology services. Articles spanned from 1997 to 2020. Models were categorised into general eye care (n=21; 16%); emergency/trauma (n=6; 4.5%); school screening (n=25; 19%); artificial intelligence (AI) (n=23; 18%); and disease-specific models of care (MOC) (n=57; 43%). The most common diseases addressed were diabetic retinopathy (n=23; 17%); retinopathy of prematurity (n=9; 7%); and glaucoma (n=8; 6%). Programs were mainly centred in the US (n=72; 54.5%), followed by the UK (n=29; 22%), then Canada (n=16; 12%), Australia (n=13; 10%), with the fewest identified in NZ (n=3; 2%). Models generally involved an ophthalmologist consultative service, remote supervision and triaging. Most models involved local clinicians transmitting fed-forward or live images. Conclusion Teleophthalmology will likely play a crucial role in the future of eye care. COVID-19 has offered a unique opportunity to observe the use of teleophthalmology services globally. Feed-forward and, increasingly, live-based teleophthalmology services have demonstrated feasibility and cost-effectiveness in similar countries internationally. New Zealand’s teleophthalmology services, however, are currently limited. Investing in strategic partnerships and technology at a national level can advance health equities in ophthalmic care.
Development and Validation of a Prognostic Model of RNA-Binding Proteins in Colon Adenocarcinoma: A Study Based on TCGA and GEO Databases

Background Previous studies reported that dysregulation of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) is significantly associated with the development of cancer. However, there are few studies to date on the role of RBPs in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). Methods RNA sequencing and clinical data for COAD patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to identify differentially expressed (DE) RBPs between COAD tissue and normal colon tissue, and then the expression and prognostic significance of these RBPs were investigated in detail by systematic bioinformatics analysis. qRT-PCR was used to validate the expressions of prognosis-related RBP-encoding genes. Results Seven RBPs (RPL10L, ERI1, POP1, CAPRIN2, TDRD7, SNIP1 and PPARGC1A) were identified as hub genes associated with prognosis by a series of regression analyses, and were then used to construct a prognostic model. Further analysis based on this model indicated that the overall survival (OS) of the high-risk groups was lower than that of the low-risk groups. In this prognostic model, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.694, 0.709 and 0.665 for the TCGA cohort at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively, while the AUC was 0.671, 0.633 and 0.601 for the GEO combined cohort at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively, indicating the good predictive ability of the model. We also built a nomogram based on the 7 RBPs in the TCGA cohort, and the model showed good discriminatory ability for COAD. Conclusion We screened seven prognosis-related genes in COAD patients based on RBP-related genes, validated the expressions of the seven prognosis-related RBP-encoding genes by qRT-PCR and constructed a prognosis-related nomogram for patients with COAD.
Improving Collateral Circulation: A Potential Adjunctive Strategy to Prevent or Slow the Progression of Vascular Dementia

Abstract Vascular dementia (VaD), a cognitive disorder caused by cerebrovascular pathologies, is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, being second only to Alzheimer’s disease. Researches have shown that adequate cerebral blood flow (CBF) is the first condition for maintaining the structural integrity and normal function of the brain, and VaD is generally considered to be resulted from neuronal loss due to reduced CBF. Collateral circulation, a compensation mechanism for CBF, provides an alternative vascular pathway for blood to reach ischemic tissues, which has been confirmed to be associated with better clinical outcomes of ischemic diseases. At present, considerable effort has been devoted to enhancing the functional prognosis of acute ischemic stroke by improving collateral circulation. Since ischemic stroke is the primary contributor to VaD, it is necessary to explore whether improving collateral circulation is beneficial to prevent or slow the progression of VaD. This article reviews the compensatory characteristics of different levels of cerebral collateral circulation, addresses the relationship between collateral circulation and VaD, and highlights that improving collateral circulation may be a potential adjunctive strategy in preventing and slowing the progression of VaD.
The Prognostic Impact of Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging Prominent Veins in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose We aimed to determine the prognostic impact of prominent veins (PVS) after an acute ischemic stroke identified on susceptibility-weighted imaging (PVS-SWI). Methods We searched for studies published in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. Poor functional prognosis, early neurological deterioration, and hemorrhagic transformation were evaluated. Risk ratios (RR) were pooled implementing a random effect model. We performed a subgroup analysis by treatment, location (cortical/medullary) and a sensitivity analysis by follow-up time. Results Sixteen studies were included (a total of 1605 patients) in the quantitative meta-analysis. PVS-SWI were related with a poor functional outcome (RR 1.62, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.10), especially in the patients receiving thrombolysis (RR 2.19, 95% CI 1.53 to 3.15) and an augmented risk of early neurological damage (RR 2.85, 95% CI 2.31 to 3.51). Both cortical and medullary prominent veins were accompanied by a poor functional outcome (RR 1.82, 95% CI 1.30 to 2.56/RR 2.59, 95% CI 1.98 to 3.38). PVS-SWI were not associated with poor functional outcomes when patients were treated conservatively (RR 1.35, 95% CI 0.82 to 2.22), or with an increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.47). Conclusion PVS-SWI were related to a poor functional prognosis and an increased risk of early neurological damage. In patients treated conservatively, PVS-SWI were not accompanied by a poor prognosis. PVS-SWI were not associated with an augmented risk of hemorrhagic transformation.
Remote Diabetic Foot Temperature Monitoring for Early Detection of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Background Foot temperature monitoring for the prevention and early detection of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) is evidence-based and recommended in clinical practice. However, easy-to-use remote monitoring tools have been lacking, thereby preventing widespread adoption. Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of remote foot temperature monitoring (RFTM) (Siren’s Neurofabric™ Diabetic socks) in addition to standard of care (SoC) versus SoC alone for early detection of DFU with diabetic neuropathy and a moderate to high risk of DFU. Methods A payer perspective decision-tree analysis was conducted to compare expected DFU occurrence and subsequent amputation rates and costs between treatment strategies over one year. Inputs in the model were sourced from publicly available literature and relevant health technology assessments. One-way sensitivity analyses were performed for each model variable. Results In the base-case scenario, RFTM plus SoC was a dominant strategy compared to SoC alone. RFTM plus SoC was associated with cost savings of $38,593 per additional ulcer avoided versus SoC alone, and $8027 per patient per year on average compared to SoC alone. These results were highly robust to one-way sensitivity analysis; all scenarios remained dominant if compliance was ≥13%. Conclusion RFTM is a cost-effective addition to SoC in patients with diabetic neuropathy at a moderate-to-high risk of DFU and subsequent amputation. Further, reduction in DFU and associated complications may result in improvements in the patient’s quality of life and mental health. Future studies are needed to evaluate the compliance and reduction of DFU occurrence in patients on RFTM.
Case Study Using Recommended Reference Genes Actin and 18S for Reverse-Transcription Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis in Myzus persicae

Myzus persicae is a globally important pest with the ability to adjust to a wide range of environmental situations, and many molecular technologies have been developed and applied to understand the biology and/or control this pest insect directly. Reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) is a primary molecular technology that is used to quantify gene expression. Choosing a stable reference gene is significantly important for precisely clarifying the expression level of the target gene. Actin and 18S have been recommended as stable compounds for real-time RT-qPCR in M. persicae under the tested biotic and abiotic conditions. In this study, we checked the stability of Actin and 18S by analyzing the relative expression levels of the cytochrome 450 monooxygenase family member genes CYP6CY3 and CYP6-1, carboxylesterase gene E4 and vacuolar protein sorting gene VPS11 via RT-qPCR under various conditions. The expression levels of these four target genes were normalized using both Actin and 18S individually and the combination of these two genes. Our results confirmed that Actin and 18S can be used as reference genes to normalize the expression of target genes under insecticide treatment and starvation in M. persicae. However, at the developmental stages of M. persicae, the expression of the four tested target genes was normalized stably by Actin but not 18S, with the latter presenting a problematic change with the developmental stages. Thus, the stability of reference genes in response to diverse biotic and abiotic factors should be evaluated before each RT-qPCR experiment.
Pro-domain processing of fungal effector proteins from plant pathogens

Some secreted proteins and peptides are translated as precursors (pro-proteins/peptides) that require post-translational site-specific proteolysis to generate the mature, active molecule. Proprotein convertases, a family of serine proteases found in the secretory pathway of fungi (and other eukaryotes), are typically responsible for these cleavage events and target secreted proteins with a wide range of physiologically important functions. We now know that some effector proteins from plant fungal pathogens are processed by pro-protein convertases during secretion and that this is important for effector virulence functions. Recent work suggests that this process is important for the maturation of an expanded set of effector proteins from a broad range of fungal plant pathogens.
Prognostic Significance of Substance P/Neurokinin 1 Receptor and Its Association with Hormonal Receptors in Breast Carcinoma

Expression and immunolocalization of Substance P (SP)/Neurokinin-1 Receptor (NK-1R) in breast carcinoma (BC) patients and its association with routine proliferative markers (ER, PR, HER2/neu, and Ki-67) were evaluated. A cross-sectional study was performed on 34 cases of BC. There were 23 cases of group A (grade III), 8 of group B (grade II), and only 3 cases of group C (grade I). All samples were then processed for SP and NK-1R immunohistochemistry for few cases. 14/23 cases (61%) of group A, 7/8 cases (88%) of group B, and 2/3 (67%) cases of group C were SP positive. Overall, strong staining (≥10% tumor cells), labeled as “+3,” was observed in 9/14 (64.2%) cases of group A and 1/8 (12.5%) cases of group B. Moderate staining labelled as “+2” (in ≥10% tumor cells) was observed in 3/14 (21.4%) cases of group A and 4/8 (50%) cases of group B. Weak positive staining “+1” was observed in only 2/14 (14.28%) cases of group A, 2/8 (25%) cases of group B, and all 2/2 (100%) cases of group C. SP and NK-1R are overexpressed in breast carcinomas, and there is significant association between the grade of tumor and their overexpression.
The Role of Clinical Activity, Loneliness, and Satisfaction with e-Health Services as Factors Affecting Quality of Life in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

Introduction During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, most primary and specialist care outpatient clinics have started to offer their patients teleconsultation appointments as well as electronic prescriptions and referrals. For many patients, it was the only available way to access medical care. Purpose The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and determine whether loneliness and satisfaction with telemedicine service can affect their perceived QoL during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Material and Methods One hundred and forty-three RA patients (mean age 45.83±13.5 years) were included in the study. The De Jong-Gierveld Loneliness Scale (DJGLS), The Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (ASQoL) and the questionnaire of satisfaction with teleconsultations were used in the study. The following statistical tests were used in the study: Spearman correlation test, multivariate linear regression. A significance level of 0.05 was used in the analysis. Results The patients presented a moderate level of loneliness (DJGLS; 31.1 points). The mean ASQoL score was 11.49±4.64. The correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between the level of loneliness and QoL – the higher the level of loneliness, the poorer the QoL (rho=0.283; p=0.001). An analysis of the relationship between satisfaction with teleconsultations and perceived QoL showed a statistically significant negative relationship – the higher the level of satisfaction with teleconsultations, the better the QoL (b=−0.166; p=0.047). The linear multivariate regression analysis showed that the loneliness (rho=0.1; p=0.01) was significant (p<0.05) independent predictor of QoL. Conclusion During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, RA patients experienced loneliness and their QoL was low. Teleconsultation visits proved to be unsatisfactory and negatively perceived by patients. Higher severity of RA symptoms (weakness, fatigue), being unemployed and loneliness during the blockade are independent determinants of reduced QoL in RA patients.