Introduction to Occupation: The Art and Science of Living: New Multidisciplinary Perspectives for Understanding Human Occupation as a Central Feature of Individual Experience and Social Organization

Chapter 1 An Introduction to Occupation by Charles Christiansen & Elizabeth Townsend Chapter Profile Introduction Understanding the Complexity of Occupation How Do You Occupy Your Time? What Occupies You? Occupations Create Meaning What Is Your Occupation? How Does Context Determine What People Do (And When)? Biological Factors Psychological Factors Contextual Factors Occupations, Health, Well-Being and Participation in Society Chapter Summary References Chapter 2 Cultural Perspectives on Occupations by Michael Iwama Chapter Profile Introduction Relativism and the Consequences of Culture Culture in Time and Place Culture as Shared Experience and Meanings Science as Culture and Context for Occupational Knowledge Situated Constructions of Occupation: A Cultural Example Particular World Views: East Asian Views of the Cosmos An Examination of the East Asian Version of the Cosmological Myth Vertifical and Horizontal Social Indexing Vertical Social Indexing Horizontal Social Indexing Inter-dependence and "Amae" References Chapter 3 The Study of Occupation by Helene Polatajko Chapter Profile Introduction Ways of Knowing Understanding the Who, What, When, Where, How and Why of Occupation Disciplinary Ways of Knowing Paradigms for Inquiry Paradigms for the Study of Occupation Methods of Inquiry for the Study of Occupation The Question Design and Data Collection Methods Understanding Who Understanding What Understanding When Understanding Where Understanding How Understanding Why Chapter Summary References Endnotes Chapter 4 What Is Occupation? Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Defining and Classifying Human Activity by Jennifer Jarman Chapter Profile Introduction Occupation in Occupational Therapy and Occupational Science Occupation in the Social Sciences Occupation in Government Statistics Chapter Summary References Endnotes Chapter 5 What Do People Do? By Andrew Harvey & Wendy Pentland Chapter Profile Introduction The Structure of Daily Occupations Conceptualizing What People Do Four Types of Occupations: Necessary, Contracted, Committed, Free Time Occupational Roles Life Projects Meaning of Activities and Occupations Factors Influencing What People Do: Intrinsic, Extrinsic Dimensions of Occupational Behavior Contextual Constraints Influencing Occupational Behavour Why Study What People Do? How Do We Find Out What People Do? What Do People Do? Time Use Across Countries Over Time Time Use Across Sub-populations The Context of Doing Secondary Activity and Occupation Chapter Summary References Chapter 6 Occupational Development by Jane Davis & Helene Polatajko Chapter Profile Introduction An Occupational Perspective on Development An Occupational Perspective A Perspective on Development Interactionism as a Framework for Occupational Development An Interactionist Definition of Occupational Development An Interactional Model of Occupational Development Chapter Summary References Endnotes Chapter 7 The Occupational Nature of Social Groups by Charles Christiansen & Elizabeth Townsend Chapter Profile Introduction What Makes Communities Inherently Social and Occupational? Experiencing Shared Occupations How and Why Did Group Living Develop? Evolutionary Highlights in Developing the Occupational Nature of Social Groups How and Why Do Occupations Determine a Social Group's Potential to Flounder or Flourish? Chapter Summary References Chapter 8 Occupational Transitions: Work to Retirement by Hans Jonsson Chapter Profile Introduction Retirement as an Occupational Transition Attitudes to Retirement Leaving Work for Retirement -- Why are you Leaving? Different Directions in Retirement Narratives Going into Retirement -- Why are you Entering? The Paradox of Freedom Gliding Into a Slower Rhythm of Life Change in Meaning Two Types of Retirement Narratives -- To Get Time or To Kill Time Engaging Occupation For a Good Life as Retiree Cultural Images of Retirement References Chapter 9 Occupational Balance and Well-Being by Catherine Backman Chapter Profile Introduction Occupational Balance Origins in Occupational Therapy Occupational Imbalance Work -- Life Balance Work -- Life Conflict and Role Overload Lifestyle Balance Is Occupational Balance Achievable? Occupational Balance, Health and Well-Being Chapter Summary References Chapter 10 Occupations and Places by Tobi Ballou Hamilton Chapter Profile Introduction Understanding Place Occupations as Experiences in Places How Places Influence Occupation Places as Environments for Learning, Play and Safety How Occupations Influence Places Place, Occupations, and Well-Being Chapter Summary References Chapter 11 Work, Occupation and Leisure by Jiri Zuzanek Chapter Profile Introduction Empirical Support for the Work-Leisure Relationship Scenarios Leisure and Occupation Long Hours of Work, Time Crunch, and Leisure Chapter Summary References Chapter 12 Occupational Deprivation: Understanding Limited Participation by Gail Whiteford Chapter Profile Introduction Defining Occupational Deprivation Identifying Barriers to Participation: Five Illustrations of Occupational Deprivation Geographic Isolation Problem Conditions of Employment Incarceration Sex-Role Stereotyping Refugee-ism Disability and Occupational Deprivation Using an Occupational Justice Framework to Address Occupational Deprivation Chapter Summary References Suggested Readings Chapter 13 Occupational Justice by Robin Stadnyk, Elizabeth Townsend & Ann Wilcock Chapter Profile Introduction Defining Occupational Justice Ideas About Justice An Evolving Theory of Occupational Justice Distinctions Between Occupational and Social Justice Using Stories to Consider an Exploratory Theory of Occupational Justice Chapter Summary References Endnotes Chapter 14 Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy: Occupation at Centre Stage by Matthew Molineux Chapter Profile Occupational Therapy A Brief Historical Overview Occupation in Practice Occupational Science What is Occupational Science? Occupational Science Research The Relationship Between the Science and Therapy Conclusion References Chapter 15 Globalization and Occupation: Perspectives from Japan, South Africa, and Japan by Eric Asaba, Alfred Ramukumba, Annah Lesunyani, & Simon Kam Man Wong Chapter Profile Introduction An Occupational Perspective from Japan Introduction Observations from Japanese Psychiatry Activity, Time Use, and Technological Trends Reflections on Past, Present, and Future Conclusion An Occupational Perspective from South Africa Diverse Cultural Contexts Occupational Choices Common Occupations Among South Africans Occupations Creating Communities Community Development Occupations Current and Future Possible Occupations in the South African Context An Occupational Perspective from Hong Kong, China Introduction Typical Occupations in Hong Kong Technology and Occupation Globalization and Occupation Political, Socioeconomic Environment and Occupation Conclusion Chapter Summary Glossary Answers to Study Guide Questions Index