Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plio-Quaternary extensional tectonics of the Central Anatolian Plateau: a case study from the Tuz Gölü Basin, Turkey

The Tuz Golu Basin is the largest sedimentary depression located at the center of the Central Anatolian Plateau, an extensive, low-relief region with elevations of ca. 1 km located between the Pontide and Tauride mountains. Presently, the basin morphology and sedimentation processes are mainly controlled by the extensional Tuz Golu Fault Zone in the east and the transtensional ? nonu–Eski? ehir Fault System in the west. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the Plio-Quaternary deformation history and to refine the timing of the latest extensional phase of the Tuz Golu Basin. Field observations, kinematic analyses, interpretations of seismic reflection lines, and 40Ar/39Ar dating of a key ignimbrite layer suggest that a regional phase of NNW–SSE to NE–SW contraction ended by 6.81 ± 0.24 Ma and was followed by N–S to NE–SW extension during the Pliocene–Quaternary periods. Based on sedimentological and chronostratigraphic markers, the average vertical displacement rates over the past 5 or 3 Ma with respect to the central part of Tuz Golu Lake are 0.03 to 0.05 mm/year for the fault system at the western flank of the basin and 0.08 to 0.13 mm/year at the eastern flank. Paleo-shorelines of the Tuz Golu Lake, vestiges of higher lake levels related to Quaternary climate change, are important strain markers and were formed during Last Glacial Maximum conditions as indicated by a radiocarbon age of 21.8 ± 0.4 ka BP obtained from a stromatolitic crust. Geomorphic observations and deformed lacustrine shorelines suggest that the main strand of the Tuz Golu Fault Zone straddling the foothills of the ? ereflikochisar–Aksaray range has not been active during the Holocene. Instead, deformation appears to have migrated towards the interior of the basin along an offshore fault that runs immediately west of ? ereflikochisar Peninsula. This basinward migration of deformation is probably associated with various processes acting at the lithospheric scale, such as plateau uplift and/or microplate extrusion.
Groups, location and wellbeing : social and spatial determinants of inequality in Madagascar

This thesis studies non-monetary dimensions of wellbeing inequality in Madagascar from a geographic and group perspective (see Kanbur 2006, Stewart 2002, Barrett et al. 2005). The work opens with an introductory review of the growing importance of spatial and group-level information for the design of poverty alleviation policies. Chapter 2 presents a case study of historical inequalities in human capital accumulation among Christians and non-Christians in Madagascar. Detailed contextual and econometric evidence suggests that lower educational outcomes among non-Christians today originate in an uneven geographic distribution of Christian missionary schools over much of the 19th Century. Because spatial inequalities in school provision created at the time cut across contemporary religious divides, educational policies in favour of the non-Christian population will need to be accompanied by considerable investments in the public school network. The second, more conceptual part of the thesis explores practical and analytical applications of the proposed group and geographic perspective in the context of the literature on programme targeting and wellbeing analysis. The first chapter in this section presents an asset index that allows for two-dimensional comparisons of interpersonal and spatial inequalities in the areas of public service provision and private wealth. In the context of Madagascar, this method suggests considerable reversals in geographic targeting priorities when compared to existing studies that rely on household consumption as the sole indicator of wellbeing. The next chapter draws on group-level information to operationalize Amartya Sen's capability approach. While it is usually impossible to directly observe a person's capability set (the range of valuable outcomes an individual can theoretically achieve), this paper argues that an indication of the extent of capability inequality can be obtained by observing differences in wellbeing outcomes across relevant groups or areas (see Roemer 1998). Applied to the analysis of interreligious and urban-rural inequalities in Madagascar, this method uncovers significant and persistent differences in wellbeing opportunity in a range of non-monetary dimensions. The last chapter concludes and identifies possible directions for future research within the proposed group-based approach.
Behavioral and Brain Functions

A core assumption of how humans understand and infer the intentions and beliefs of others is the existence of a functional self-other distinction. At least two neural systems have been proposed to manage such a critical distinction. One system, part of the classic motor system, is specialized for the preparation and execution of motor actions that are self realized and voluntary, while the other appears primarily involved in capturing and understanding the actions of non-self or others. The latter system, of which the mirror neuron system is part, is the canonical action 'resonance' system in the brain that has evolved to share many of the same circuits involved in motor control. Mirroring or 'shared circuit systems' are assumed to be involved in resonating, imitating, and/or simulating the actions of others. A number of researchers have proposed that shared representations of motor actions may form a foundational cornerstone for higher order social processes, such as motor learning, action understanding, imitation, perspective taking, understanding facial emotions, and empathy. However, mirroring systems that evolve from the classic motor system present at least three problems: a development, a correspondence, and a control problem. Developmentally, the question is how does a mirroring system arise? How do humans acquire the ability to simulate through mapping observed onto executed actions? Are mirror neurons innate and therefore genetically programmed? To what extent is learning necessary? In terms of the correspondence problem, the question is how does the observer agent know what the observed agent's resonance activation pattern is? How does the matching of motor activation patterns occur? Finally, in terms of the control problem, the issue is how to efficiently control a mirroring system when it is turned on automatically through observation? Or, as others have stated the problem more succinctly: "Why don't we imitate all the time? " In this review, we argue from an anatomical, physiological, modeling, and functional perspectives that a critical component of the human mirror neuron system is sensorimotor cortex. Not only are sensorimotor transformations necessary for computing the patterns of muscle activation and kinematics during action observation but they provide potential answers to the development, correspondence and control problems. Published: 18 October 2008 Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008, 4:47 doi:10.1186/1744-9081-4-47 Received: 10 June 2008 Accepted: 18 October 2008 This article is available from: http://www.behavioralandbrainfunctions. com/content/4/1/47 © 2008 Pineda; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Will aerosol measurements from Terra and Aqua Polar Orbiting satellites represent the daily aerosol abundance and properties?

The Terra and Aqua missions will help quantify aerosol radiative forcing of climate by providing innovative measurements of the aerosol daily spatial distribution and identifying dust, smoke and regional pollution. However, these measurements are acquired at specific times of the day. To what extent can such measurements represent the daily average aerosol forcing of climate? We answer this question using 7 years of data from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) of 50–70 global ground‐based instruments. AERONET measures the aerosol spectral optical thickness and the total precipitable water vapor every 15 minutes throughout the day. With a data set of 1/2 million measurements, AERONET demonstrates that Terra and Aqua aerosol measurements can represent the annual average value within 2% error. This excellent Terra representation of the daily average optical thickness is independent of the particle size or range of the optical thickness. This finding should facilitate ingest of satellite aerosol measurements in models that calculate radiative forcing and predict climate change.
Childhood club participation and all-cause mortality in adulthood

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THE LAST GASP: TRACE FOSSILS TRACK DEOXYGENATION LEADING INTO THE FRASNIAN–FAMENNIAN EXTINCTION EVENT

ABSTRACT The Frasnian–Famennian boundary is correlated with one of several Late Devonian extinction pulses that resulted in a significant decrease in diversity as well as ecological restructuring. This event is recognized within the globally correlated Upper Kellwasser interval that is well exposed and biostratigraphically well constrained in shale units of western New York State. The ichnological and geochemical signals of the interval stratigraphically below the Upper Kellwasser event at these localities provides insight into the onset of this important extinction event. Detailed analysis of ichnogeneric composition, relative size of burrow populations, amount of bioturbation, and trace metal concentrations vary in concert. Deep-penetrating, pyritized Skolithos burrows terminate abruptly at a thin, laminated black shale interval with enriched Mo levels, up to 31 ppm, and are overlain by an interval of gray-green bioturbated shales dominated by Chondrites. These textural and chemical shifts reveal that bottom-water oxygen levels decrease rapidly below the base of the Upper Kellwasser interval. Relative oxygen levels are interpreted to remain low through the Chondrites-dominated interval, with protracted stressed conditions followed by a gradual decrease to anoxic conditions within the Upper Kellwasser interval. These results suggest that, at least locally in the Appalachian Basin, bottom-water oxygen stress and/or fluctuating oxygen conditions were present leading up to the extinction event. This evidence does not support an instantaneous onset of anoxia as causal mechanism for extinction.
Relationships amongs the Indian monsoon, the South China Sea monsoon, and the western North Pacific precipitation

It is hypothesized that the South China Sea (SCS) monsoon and the Indian monsoon intensify each other in the boreal summer. The Indian monsoon westerlies strengthen the SCS monsoon through the WE (Wind- Evaporation feedback) mechanism, but weaken it through the reduction in SCS SST. The SCS monsoon may have a positive feedback to enhance the Indian monsoon westerlies through the Walker circulation. Further question is how the convective activity over the Western North Pacific (WNP) interacts the Indian monsoon westerlies. The WNP SST may affect the Indian monsoon through the WNP precipitation. In this study, we investigate the relationships among the Indian monsoon, SCS monsoon and WNP activities from various observational data. The regression coefficient analyses are made. The data are NCEP reanalysis data, the CMAP precipitation data and ICOADS SST data averaging over June-July-August (JJA) for 21 years (1982-2002). First, the precipitation anomalies are regressed to the Indian monsoon westerly anomaly. The result shows that the Indian monsoon westerlies are positively correlated with the SCS precipitation. It indicates that the surface heating exchange over the SCS region is largely induced by the Indian monsoon westerlies and/or the SCS monsoon enhances the Indian monsoon westerlies. Another map of the regression of the 850hPa wind field anomalies to the WNP precipitation anomaly also shows that the Indian monsoon westerlies are positively correlated with the WNP precipitation. Completing this result, we confirm that the WNP precipitation and WNP SST have a positive correlation. Thus, the strengthening of the Indian monsoon westerlies and SCS westerlies may be also induced by the precipitation increase on the WNP region through the stronger east-west circulation associated with the warmer WNP SST. From the above results, it is found that the Indian monsoon westerlies are strongly correlated with the SCS monsoon activity and the WNP precipitation. Probably, the SCS monsoon is affected by the Indian monsoon through the WE, and affects the Indian monsoon through the diabatic heating. Further link is found to the precipitation over the WNP. To confirm the mechanism of correlation, the model study is underway.
Comprehensive Complication Index Validates Improved Outcomes Over Time Despite Increased Complexity in 3707 epatectomies Consecutive H

hepatic resection over the past 18 years. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate trends over time in perioperative outcomes for patients undergoing hepatectomy. Background: As perioperative care and surgical technique for hepatectomy have improved, the indications for and complexity of liver resections have evolved. However, the resulting effect on the short-term outcomes over time has not been well described. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing hepatectomy during 1998 to 2015 at 1 institution were analyzed. Perioperative outcomes, including the comprehensive complication index (CCI), were compared between patients who underwent hepatectomy in the eras 1998 to 2003, 2004 to 2009, and 2010 to 2015. Results: The study included 3707 hepatic resections. The number of hepatectomies increased in each era (794 in 1998 to 2003, 1402 in 2004 to 2009, and 1511 in 2010 to 2015). Technical complexity increased over time as evidenced by increases in the rates of major hepatectomy (20%, 23%, 30%, P < 0.0001), 2-stage hepatectomy (0%, 3%, 4%, P < 0.001), need for portal vein embolization (5%, 9%, 9%, P 1⁄4 0.001), preoperative chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases (70%, 82%, 89%, P< 0.001) and median operative time (180, 175, 225 minutes, P< 0.001). Significant decreases over time were observed in median blood loss (300, 250, 200 mL, P< 0.001), transfusion rate (19%, 15%, 5%, P < 0.001), median length of hospitalization (7, 7, 6 days, P < 0.001), rates of CCI 26.2 (20%, 22%, 16%, P < 0.001) and 90-day mortality (3.1%, 2.6%, 1.3%, P < 0.01). On multivariable analysis, hepatectomy in the most recent era 2010 to 2015 was associated with a lower incidence of CCI 26.2 (odds ratio 0.7, 95% confidence interval 0.6–0.8, P< 0.0001). Conclusion: Despite increases in complexity over an 18-year period, continued improvements in surgical technique and perioperative outcomes yielded a
Decadal variability in seawater pH in the West Pacific: Evidence from coral δ11B records

Long-term seawater pH records are essential for evaluating the rates of ocean acidification (OA) driven by anthropogenic emissions. Widespread, natural decadal variability in seawater pH superimposes on the long-term anthropogenic variations, likely influencing the OA rates estimated from the pH records. Here, we report a record of annual seawater pH estimated using the δB proxy over the past 159 years reconstructed from a Porites coral collected to the east of Hainan Island in the northern South China Sea (SCS). By coupling this time series with previously reported long-term seawater pH records in the West Pacific, the decadal variability in seawater pH records and its possible driving mechanisms were investigated. The results indicate that large decadal variability in seawater pH has occurred off eastern Hainan Island over the past 159 years, in agreement with previous records. The Qiongdong upwelling system, which controls nutrient supplies, regulates surface water productivity, and is driven by the East Asian summer monsoon, is the primary control of this decadal variability, while terrestrial inputs appear not influence significantly. Meanwhile the impacts of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the El Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) systems on seawater pH off eastern Hainan Island is likely limited. In contrast, the PDO is the main factor to influence the decadal seawater pH variability offshore the East Australia, while the mechanism controlling the decadal seawater pH variability in Guam is not clear yet. Meanwhile, The rate of decrease in seawater pH estimated from coral records are significantly different in different regions and over different time spans, which may reflect a combination of natural decadal variability in seawater pH and long-term variations. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms driving natural variability in seawater pH is important for improving estimates of ocean acidification rates driven by anthropogenic emissions.
The Mississippian System of New Mexico and Southern Arizona: ABSTRACT

Lower Mississippian rocks of New Mexico and southern Arizona (pre-zone 7 Tournaisian age) are unconformable on rocks of Late Devonian to Precambrian age. Mississippian rocks were deposited during transgression on a surface of low relief. Tournaisian transgression began in southern Arizona, depositing the Escabrosa Limestone and, in southwestern New Mexico, the Keating (207 m), Caballero (18 m), and Lake Valley (180 m) Formations. At the end of Tournaisian time, epicontinental seas flooded southern and central Arizona, depositing the younger parts of the Escabrosa and Redwall Limestones. Osagean seaways extended to central and northern New Mexico depositing Kelly (35 m) and Espiritu Santo (35 m) Formations. The Espiritu Santo consists of subtidal to supratidal quartz sands one and carbonate rocks. Zuni Highlands and Pedernal Highlands formed two low islands. The end of the Tournaisian is marked by marine regression, regional uplift, and erosion. Major regional marine transgression in early Visean is represented by parts of Escabrosa Limestone of southern Arizona, massive encrinites of the Hachita Formation (107 m) in southwestern New Mexico, basin carbonate rocks of the lower part of the Rancheria Formation (46 m) in south-central New Mexico, and the subtidal Tererro Formation (18 m) in north-central New Mexico. The Cowles Member (10 m) of the Tererro Formation indicates that sedimentation ceased in northern and central New Mexico in late Visean time. In southwestern New Mexico, the Paradise Formation (134 m) represents shallow-marine sediments and ranges rom zone 15 into zone 19 (late Visean and Namurian). The Rancheria Formation (69 m) and the Helms Formation (50 m) of south-central New Mexico are deep-water facies of the Paradise Formation. Pennsylvanian sedimentary rocks in southern Arizona and in New Mexico truncate Mississippian sedimentary rocks of Namurian, Visean, and Tournaisian age. End_of_Article - Last_Page 671------------
Leaf litter decomposition in Mediterranean streams: microbial processes and responses to drought under current global change scenario

This thesis studied the principal environmental controlling factors and microbial mechanisms involved in leaf litter decomposition in Mediterranean intermittent streams. Additionally, drought disturbance in both Mediterranean intermittent and Atlantic permanent streams was also evaluated. At the Mediterranean intermittent stream leaf litter decomposition varied mainly related to seasonal variations in temperature, conductivity and current velocity. Drought clearly affected microbial assemblages and functioning in these ecosystems although this did not resulted in changes on breakdown rates. In permanent streams drought disturbance also affected microbial activity and structure, reducing breakdown velocity due to emersion of leaves. Microbial communities from nutrient enriched streams were more resistant to drought disturbance. Results suggest that under more extreme environmental variation and dry conditions expected with the global change, microbial decomposers will be severely affected. However consequences in carbon recycling will depend on to the type of drought-related disturbance, interaction with other stressors and previous communities dwelling in.
Multidecadal variability of the North Brazil Current and its connection to the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation

[1] The North Brazil Current (NBC) connects the North and South Atlantic and is the major pathway for the surface return flow of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Here, we calculate the NBC geostrophic transport time series based on 5 decades of observations near the western boundary off the coast of Brazil. Results reveal a multidecadal NBC variability that lags Labrador Sea deep convection by a few years. The NBC transport time series is coherent with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation in sea surface temperature, which also has been widely linked to AMOC fluctuations in previous modeling studies. Our results thus suggest that the observed multidecadal NBC transport variability is a useful indicator for AMOC variations. The suggested connection between the NBC and AMOC is assessed in a 700 year control simulation of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's CM2.1 coupled climate model. The model results are in agreement with observations and further demonstrate that the variability of NBC transport is a good index for tracking AMOC variations. Concerning the debate about whether a slowdown of AMOC has already occurred under global warming, the observed NBC transport time series suggests strong multidecadal variability but no significant trend.
A view of organic greenhouse horticulture worldwide

Abstract As a starting point for future international cooperation in research on Organic Greenhouse Horticulture, an inventory was done to map the state of art of organic greenhouse horticulture worldwide. This inventory resulted in overview of national area sizes, characterisation of practised organic growing systems, regulations, and topics on the national research agenda for each country. The overview is presented and discussed in this paper. The emphasis in this overview is on the EU countries because that information was best available.
Arthropod phylogeny: onychophoran brain organization suggests an archaic relationship with a chelicerate stem lineage

Neuroanatomical studies have demonstrated that the architecture and organization among neuropils are highly conserved within any order of arthropods. The shapes of nerve cells and their neuropilar arrangements provide robust characters for phylogenetic analyses. Such analyses so far have agreed with molecular phylogenies in demonstrating that entomostracans+malacostracans belong to a clade (Tetraconata) that includes the hexapods. However, relationships among what are considered to be paraphyletic groups or among the stem arthropods have not yet been satisfactorily resolved. The present parsimony analyses of independent neuroarchitectural characters from 27 arthropods and lobopods demonstrate relationships that are congruent with phylogenies derived from molecular studies, except for the status of the Onychophora. The present account describes the brain of the onychophoran Euperipatoides rowelli, demonstrating that the structure and arrangements of its neurons, cerebral neuropils and sensory centres are distinct from arrangements in the brains of mandibulates. Neuroanatomical evidence suggests that the organization of the onychophoran brain is similar to that of the brains of chelicerates.