Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regional Methane Emission Estimation Based on Observed Atmospheric Concentrations (2002-2012)

Methane (CH4) plays important roles in atmospheric chemistry and short-term forcing of climate. A clear understanding of atmospheric CH4’s budget of emissions and losses is required to aid sustainable management of Earth’s future environment. We used an atmospheric chemistry-transport model (JAMSTEC’s ACTM) for simulating atmospheric CH4. A global inverse modeling system has been developed for estimating CH4 emissions from 53 land regions for 2002–2012 using measurements at 39 sites. An ensemble of 7 inversions is performed by varying a priori emissions. Global net CH4 emissions varied between 505–509 and 524–545 Tg yr–1 during 2002–2006 and 2008–2012, respectively (ranges based on 7 inversion cases), with a step like increase in 2007 in agreement with atmospheric measurements. The inversion system did not account for interannual variations in OH radicals reacting with CH4 in the atmosphere. Our results suggest that the recent update of the EDGAR inventory (version 4.2FT2010) overestimated the global total emissions by at least 25 Tg yr–1 in 2010. The increase in CH4 emission since 2004 originated in the tropical and southern hemisphere regions, coinciding with an increase in non-dairy cattle stocks by ~10 % from 2002 (with 1056 million heads) to 2012, leading to ~10 Tg yr–1 increase in emissions from enteric fermentation. All 7 ensemble cases robustly estimated the interannual variations in emissions, but poorly constrained the seasonal cycle amplitude or phase consistently for all regions due to the sparse observational network. Forward simulation results using both a priori and a posteriori emissions are compared with independent aircraft measurements for validation. Based on the results of the comparison, we reject the upper limit (545 Tg yr–1) of global total emissions as 14 Tg yr–1 too high during 2008–2012, which allows us to further conclude that the increase in CH4 emissions over the East Asia (mainly China) region was 7–8 Tg yr–1 between the 2002–2006 and 2008–2012 periods, contrary to 1–17 Tg yr–1 in the a priori emissions.
Histopathologic and molecular characterization of Erethizon dorsatum papillomavirus 1 and Erethizon dorsatum papillomavirus 2 infection in North American porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum)

Erethizon dorsatum papillomavirus 1 (EdPV1) and Erethizon dorsatum papillomavirus 2 (EdPV2) are associated with cutaneous papillomas in North American porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum). This study defined gross, histopathologic, and molecular characteristics of viral papillomas in 10 North American porcupines submitted to the New York State Animal Health Diagnostic Center. Investigation for the presence of EdPV1 and EdPV2 DNA via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in 9 of the 10 (90.0%) porcupines, and all porcupines were investigated for the detection and localization of EdPV1 and EdPV2 E6 and E7 nucleic acid via chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed in 2 porcupines. Papillomas were diagnosed on the muzzle (n = 4), caudal dorsum (n = 1), upper lip (n = 1), chin (n = 1), gingiva (n = 2), and nasal planum (n = 1). Histologically, the lesions consisted of hyperplastic epidermis or epithelium with orthokeratotic keratin, prominent keratohyalin granules, and intranuclear inclusion bodies. PCR identified EdPV1 in 6 of 9 samples and EdPV2 in the remaining 3 samples. NGS resulted in 100% genome coverage of EdPV1 and 76.20% genome coverage of EdPV2 compared with GenBank reference sequences, with 99.8% sequence identity to the complete EdPV2 L1 gene of a novel subtype recently identified in France. Hybridization patterns in 9 of the 10 (90.0%) porcupines were characterized by strong nuclear signals in the superficial epidermis, with strong nuclear and punctate cytoplasmic signals in the stratum spinosum and basale. In one animal, CISH suggested dual EdPV1 and EdPV2 infection.
BAP1 genetic testing among melanoma and cancer-prone families in Sweden

Hildur Helgadottir , Karina Schultz, Jan Lapins, Ismini Vassilaki, Charlotta All-Eriksson and Veronica H€ oiom Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Dermatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Dermatology and Venereology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
Operator Algebras, Topology and Subgroups of Quantum Symmetry - Construction of Subgroups of Quantum Groups -

In this article, we will discuss several interactions between the non commutative Galois problems, i.e., inclusions of operator algebras and topological quantum field theory in three dimensions. Those interactions are shown to be concretely solved and are related to both the quantum subgroups of the quantum group sU(2)~ at the deformation parameter q = exp(2rilN).
TIME-VARYING SYSTEM MODELING METHOD BASED ON FUZZY INFERENCE

A kind of modeling method for general time-varying systems,which uses modeling method based on fuzzy inference(MMFI),is proposed here.To get model of a time-varying system,firstly the time dimension divided into some periods,then in every short time interval,time-invariant model is used to approach the original time-varying system,in the end a time-varying nonlinear differential equation with variable coefficients is obtained.The processes of how to obtain the input-output type model and the state space type model are discussed in detail.In addition,a theory is given to ensure the approximation performance of HX equations. The simulation experiments show that the mathematical models formed by this method can approximate the general time-varying nonlinear systems with high accuracy.
Meniere's disease is a manifestation of migraine

Purpose of review To discuss the theory that Meniere's disease (MD) is a variation of otologic migraine rather than an isolated inner ear condition. Recent findings In contrast to the approximately 12% of the general population suffering from migraine headaches, 51–60% of patients with MD experience migraine headaches. While pathognomonic for MD, endolymphatic hydrops has also been identified in patients with vestibular migraine. Treatment with the integrative neurosensory rehabilitation approach (diet and lifestyle changes, magnesium and riboflavin supplementation, and when needed, prophylactic medication) to treat the underlying migraine process has been highly effective in patients with MD. Summary MD can be understood as a manifestation of migraine such that patients with MD can be effectively treated with migraine therapies.
Role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Purpose of review Hypoxia is a known contributor to inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and a growing interest has emerged in pharmacologically targeting hypoxia response pathways to treat IBD. The most basic form of treatment for hypoxia is delivering higher amounts of oxygen to the intestinal mucosa. In this review, we summarize the evidence in support of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), a mechanism to deliver high amounts of oxygen to tissue, for treating IBD. Recent findings Two phase 2 clinical trials in hospitalized ulcerative colitis patients suffering from moderate-to-severe flares have demonstrated that HBOT improves responsiveness to steroids and avoidance of rescue medical and surgical therapy. Outpatient cohort studies in perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease and fistulizing complications of the pouch have demonstrated improved healing, particularly for complex fistulae. Several systematic reviews have now been completed, and HBOT has been observed to be well tolerated with low rates of adverse events. Summary HBOT may be considered as an adjunctive treatment for hospitalized ulcerative colitis flares and Crohn's disease-related fistulae. Higher quality trials are needed to confirm efficacy.
Performing pediatric neuropsychological evaluation with Chinese patients: A narrative review of the literature and recommendations for practice

Abstract Objective: This paper offers a narrative overview of performance-based cognitive tests and behavior rating inventories that can be considered when working with Chinese youth in assessment settings. Methods: A total of 46 articles that focused on assessment tools and normative data in Chinese-speaking patients were reviewed. Based on the gaps in research and patterns of strengths/weaknesses across reviewed articles, we provide recommendations for selection of tests and norms while utilizing the ECLECTIC framework. Results: Our review of literature suggests extant research on neuropsychological tools for Chinese pediatric patients have largely been focused on translated or adapted measures. Findings highlight the need for the development of indigenous measures across multiple cognitive and behavioral domains to optimally integrate cultural considerations in the assessment process. Conclusions: Specifically, cultural factors that may impact test and norm selection, patients’ test performance, and diagnostic considerations are discussed. Finally, gaps in literature are highlighted for future research directions.
Optimization aspects of the reconfiguration problem in WDM networks

We propose an in-depth study of the reconfiguration problem in multi-fiber WDM networks. It consists in defining how to adapt the optical layer to changing traffic patterns. Our objective is to treat the problem globally. We consider arbitrary mesh topology, all-to-all traffic and multi-hop routing. However, we restrict ourselves to prevision: the traffic evolutions are foreseen. We propose a compact Mixed Integer Linear Programming model, allowing to solve medium instances. We define many metrics to evaluate the performance of a solution. We also propose some mathematical cuts and a lower bound for the problem. We make extensive experiments based on this model, in order to find out the influence of different parameters, such as the metric chosen or the cut formulation. To do so, many instances were solved with different networks.
Efficient reconstruction of 2D images and 3D surfaces

The goal of this thesis is to gain a deep understanding of inverse problems arising from 2D image and 3D surface reconstruction, and to design effective techniques for solving them. Both computational and theoretical issues are studied and efficient numerical algorithms are proposed. The first part of this thesis is concerned with the recovery of 2D images, e.g., denoising and deblurring. We first consider implicit methods that involve solving linear systems at each iteration. An adaptive Huber regularization functional is used to select the most reasonable model and a global convergence result for lagged diffusivity is proved. Two mechanisms— multilevel continuation and multigrid preconditioning—are proposed to improve efficiency for large-scale problems. Next, explicit methods involving the construction of an artificial time-dependent differential equation model followed by forward Euler discretization are analyzed. A rapid, adaptive scheme is then proposed, and additional hybrid algorithms are designed to improve the quality of such processes. We also devise methods for more challenging cases, such as recapturing texture from a noisy input and deblurring an image in the presence of significant noise. It is well-known that extending image processing methods to 3D triangular surface meshes is far from trivial or automatic. In the second part of this thesis we discuss techniques for faithfully reconstructing such surface models with different features. Some models contain a lot of small yet visually meaningful details, and typically require very fine meshes to represent them well; others consist of large flat regions, long sharp edges (creases) and distinct corners, and the meshes required for their representation can often be much coarser. All of these models may be sampled very irregularly. For models of the first class, we methodically develop a fast multiscale anisotropic Laplacian (MSAL) smoothing algorithm. To reconstruct a piecewise smooth CAD-like model in the second class, we design an efficient hybrid algorithm based on specific vertex classification, which combines K-means clustering and geometric a priori information. Hence, we have a set of algorithms that efficiently handle smoothing and regularization of meshes large and small in a variety of situations.
Tailored Lewis Acid Sites for High-Temperature Supported Single-Molecule Magnetism

Generating or even retaining slow magnetic relaxation in surface immobilized single-molecule magnets (SMMs) from promising molecular precursors remains a great challenge. Illustrative examples are organolanthanide compounds that show promising SMM properties in molecular systems, though surface immobilization generally diminishes their magnetic performance. Here, we show how tailored Lewis acidic Al(III) sites on a silica surface enable generation of a material with SMM characteristics via chemisorption of (Cpttt)2DyCl ((Cpttt)− = 1,2,4-tri(tert-butyl)-cyclopentadienide). Detailed studies of this system and its diamagnetic Y analogue indicate that the interaction of the metal chloride with surface Al sites results in a change of the coordination sphere around the metal center inducing for the dysprosium-containing material slow magnetic relaxation up to 51 K with hysteresis up to 8 K and an effective energy barrier (Ueff) of 449 cm–1, the highest reported thus far for a supported SMM.
The Design of Reduced-Order Observers for Lipschitz Nonlinear Systems

The issues related to the reduced-order observers for Lipschitz nonlinear sys-tems are discussed. First, the existence condition for the reduced-order observer is con-sidered. Secondly, a design method of the reduced-order observer under this existence condition is developed. The design method is based on the solution of algebraic Riccati equation related to the Lipschitz constant of the nonlinear part of the system. Finally, the proposed observer is applied to an actual control system and simulation results show that the design approach given by this paper is viable.
Launching insectphylo.org; a new hub facilitating construction and use of synthesis molecular phylogenies of insects

The Holy Grail of an Insect Tree of Life can only be ‘discovered’ through extensive collaboration among taxon specialists, phylogeneticists and centralized frameworks such as Open Tree of Life, but insufficient effort from stakeholders has so far hampered this promising approach. The resultant unavailability of synthesis phylogenies is an unfortunate situation given the numerous practical usages of phylogenies in the near term and against the backdrop of the ongoing biodiversity crisis. To resolve this issue, we establish a new online hub that centralizes the collation of relevant phylogenetic data and provides the resultant synthesis molecular phylogenies. This is achieved through key developments in a proposed pipeline for the construction of a species‐level insect phylogeny. The functionality of the framework is demonstrated through the construction of a highly supported, species‐comprehensive phylogeny of Diptera, built from integrated omics data, COI DNA barcodes, and a compiled database of over 100 standardized, published Diptera phylogenies. Machine‐readable forms of the phylogeny (and subsets thereof) are publicly available at insectphylo.org, a new public repository for species‐comprehensive phylogenies for biological research.
Chemobrain in blood cancers: How chemotherapeutics interfere with the brain's structure and functionality, immune system, and metabolic functions

Cancer treatment brings about a phenomenon not fully clarified yet, termed chemobrain. Its strong negative impact on patients' well‐being makes it a trending topic in current research, interconnecting many disciplines from clinical oncology to neuroscience. Clinical and animal studies have often reported elevated concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in various types of blood cancers. This inflammatory burst could be the background for chemotherapy‐induced cognitive deficit in patients with blood cancers. Cancer environment is a dynamic interacting system. The review puts into close relationship the inflammatory dysbalance and oxidative/nitrosative stress with disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB breakdown leads to neuroinflammation, followed by neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. High levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce the progression of cancer resulting in increased mutagenesis, conversion of protooncogenes to oncogenes, and inactivation of tumor suppression genes to trigger cancer cell growth. These cell alterations may change brain functionality, as well as morphology. Multidrug chemotherapy is not without consequences to healthy tissue and could even be toxic. Specific treatment impacts brain function and morphology, functions of the immune system, and metabolism in a unique mixture. In general, a chemo‐drug's effects on cognition in cancer are not direct and/or in‐direct, usually a combination of effects is more probable. Last but not least, chemotherapy strongly impacts the immune system and could contribute to BBB disruption. This review points out inflammation as a possible mechanism of brain damage during blood cancers and discusses chemotherapy‐induced cognitive impairment.
Exploring the presence of markers of decidualization in the fallopian tubes: a systematic review

Abstract The fallopian tubes (FTs) are part of the female upper genital tract. The healthy FT provides the biological environment for successful fertilization and facilitates the subsequent movement of the conceptus to the endometrial cavity. However, when the FT is damaged, as with salpingitis, pyosalpinx, and hydrosalpinx, it may increase the risk of an ectopic pregnancy, a life-threatening condition. Decidualization refers to a multifactorial process by which the endometrium changes to permit blastocyst implantation. The decidualization reaction is vital for endometrial receptivity during the window of implantation. To date, no comprehensive review that collates evidence on decidualization in the human FT has been conducted. Therefore, the aim of this review is to compile the current evidence on cellular decidualization occurring in the healthy and pathological FT in women of reproductive age. A literature search was conducted using five databases and identified 746 articles, 24 of which were analyzed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The available evidence indicates that the FT are able to undergo decidual changes under specific circumstances; however, the exact mechanism by which this occurs is poorly understood. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism by which decidualization can occur in the FT. Summary Sentence Under certain circumstances, the fallopian tubes exhibit molecular changes consistent with decidualization. Graphical Abstract
Efficacy and safety of treatment with or without pertuzumab for HER2-positive breast cancer: A meta-analysis

Background: We conducted a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment with or without pertuzumab for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 -positive (HER2)-positive breast cancer and provided evidence-based reference for clinical use. Methods: The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, Clinical Trials and Web of Science databases were searched for studies published up to July 2022, which reported clinical randomized controlled trials of treatment in combination with pertuzumab (experimental group) and without pertuzumab (control group) for HER2-positive breast cancer. Meta-analysis was performed using R 4.2. 1 based on the extraction of the data and the risk of bias assessment under the supervision of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 5.1. 0. Results: The results from this study showed that, the patients in the experimental group showed prolonged progression-free survival [hazard ratio = 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.65,0.80), P < . 01] and overall survival [hazard ratio = 0.80, 95% CI (0.66,0.96), P = . 02] than those in the control group. In terms of safety, the incidence of grade ≥ 3 adverse events including diarrhea [risk ratio (RR) = 2.36, 95% CI (1.98,2.81), P < . 01] and anemia [RR = 1.43, 95% CI (1.17,1.75), P < . 01] in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The incidence of common adverse events, that is rash in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group [RR = 1.62, 95% CI (1.38,1.90), P < . 01]. Conclusion: These results support that the treatment in combination with pertuzumab is superior to the treatment in combination without pertuzumab in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer, but there are some adverse effects such as diarrhea, anemia, and rash, which should be carefully monitored in clinical practice.
Case report of laryngeal infection by Clinostomum complanatum 24 days after ingestion of raw fish

Rationale: Clinostomum complanatum is a laryngeal fluke whose hosts include birds and mammals. [1] In humans, infection occurs accidentally during the consumption of raw freshwater fish. [1,2] Patient concerns: A 59-year-old female presented to our hospital with throat pain and globus sensation. The patient had been prescribed Proton Pump Inibitor for 3 weeks at another hospital. The patient continued the medication, but the discomfort persisted, and she was admitted to our hospital for further examination. The patient had eaten raw fish 24 days before, and the symptoms occurred after eating the raw fish. Endoscopy under sedation showed a fluke, with an approximate length of 8.0 mm and width of 3.2 mm, on the interaryepiglottic fold, with active motility on the mucosa. Diagnosis interventions: It was extracted from the larynx using biopsy forceps and identified as C complanatum. Outcomes: After the fluke was removed, symptoms improved, and the patient was discharged. The globus symptoms completely resolved at the last follow-up visit. Lessons: To the best of our knowledge, this is an endoscopically diagnosed and treated case of human infection by C complanatum in Korea after the longest period of infection. This suggests that C complanatum can survive for up to 3 weeks or more in the gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy is a useful tool for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with atypical extraesophageal symptoms who do not respond to Proton Pump Inibitors.
An Airborne and Ground-Based Study of a Long-Lived and Intense Atmospheric River with Mesoscale Frontal Waves Impacting California during CalWater-2014

AbstractThe wettest period during the CalWater-2014 winter field campaign occurred with a long-lived, intense atmospheric river (AR) that impacted California on 7–10 February. The AR was maintained in conjunction with the development and propagation of three successive mesoscale frontal waves. Based on Lagrangian trajectory analysis, moist air of tropical origin was tapped by the AR and was subsequently transported into California. Widespread heavy precipitation (200–400 mm) fell across the coastal mountain ranges northwest of San Francisco and across the northern Sierra Nevada, although only modest flooding ensued due to anomalously dry antecedent conditions. A NOAA G-IV aircraft flew through two of the frontal waves in the AR environment offshore during a ~24-h period. Parallel dropsonde curtains documented key three-dimensional thermodynamic and kinematic characteristics across the AR and the frontal waves prior to landfall. The AR characteristics varied, depending on the location of the cross section .