Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strong Motion Recordings and Residual Displacements: What Are We Actually Recording in Strong Motion Seismology?

A number of recent publications on strong motion data processing ignore the complexities involved when calculating residual displacements by double integrating strong motion accelerograms. It looks as if there may be a lack of appreciation as to the limits associated with an accelerogram recorded by a standard three-component strong motion instrument. This may be in part because papers on strong motion data processing were published in different journals and languages during the past 40 and more years. In this article I present a brief summary of previous papers and a summary of some of the associated problems, so that researchers may take into account some of the nuances involved in strong motion data processing. My aim is to show that to do justice to strong motion data processing, a more in-depth appreciation of some of the principles behind the instrumentation used and the data processing involved is essential. In the first place I present an overview of some of the theory of strong motion instruments. Most strong motion instruments are pendulums of the mass-on-rod type. As a first approximation, the response of a pendulum can be described as a single degree of freedom oscillator: \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \[\ {\varphi}\_{x}^{{^{\prime\prime}}}+2{\omega}\_{x}D\_{x}{\varphi}\_{x}^{{^\prime}}+{\omega}\_{x}^{2}{\varphi}\_{x}=-u_{x}^{{^{\prime\prime}}}\] \end{document}(1) where φ x is the recorded response of the instrument in the x -direction, ω x and Dx are the natural circular frequency and fraction of critical damping of the oscillator, and \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(u_{x}^{{^{\prime\prime}}}\) \end{document} is the translational ground motion acceleration along the x -axis. This equation is published in many books and usually serves as a basis for data processing. Since accelerometers usually have relatively high natural frequency fx (ω x = 2π fx ) Equation 1 is usually simplified to: \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \[\ {\omega}\_{x}^{2}{\varphi}\_{x}{\approx}-u_{x}^{{^{\prime\prime}}}. \] \end{document}(2) Assuming that Equations 1 and 2 are a reflection of reality, in theory one can recover velocity and displacement by double integrating Equation …
Stability of the 3D MHD equations without vertical dissipation near an equilibrium

Important progress has been made on the standard Laplacian case with mixed partial dissipation and diffusion. The stability problem of the 3D incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations without vertical dissipation but with the fractional velocity dissipation $ (-\Delta)^\alpha u $ and magnetic diffusion $ (-\Delta)^\beta b $ is unfortunately not often well understood for many ranges of fractional powers. This paper discovers that there are new phenomena with the case $ \alpha, \beta \leq 1 $. We establish that, if an initial datum ($ u_0, b_0 $) in the Sobolev space $ H^3(\mathbb{R}^3) $ is close enough to the equilibrium state, and we replace the terms $ (-\Delta)^\alpha u $ and $ (-\Delta)^\beta b $ by $ (-\Delta_h)^\alpha u $ and $ (-\Delta_h)^\beta b $, respectively, the resulting equations with $ \alpha, \beta \in(\frac{1}{2}, 1] $ then always lead to a steady solution, where $ \Delta_h = \partial_{x_1}^2+\partial_{x_2}^2 $.
Meta-analysis of structural and functional brain alterations in internet gaming disorder

Background Many neuroimaging studies have reported abnormalities in brain structure and function in internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, the findings were divergent. We aimed to provide evidence-based evidence of structural and functional changes in IGD by conducting a meta-analysis integrating these studies quantitatively. Method A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus from January 1, 2010 to October 31, 2021, to identify eligible voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. Brain alternations between IGD subjects and healthy controls (HCs) were compared using the anisotropic seed-based d mapping (AES-SDM) meta-analytic method. Meta-regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between gray matter volume (GMV) alterations and addiction-related clinical features. Results The meta-analysis contained 15 VBM studies (422 IGD patients and 354 HCs) and 30 task-state fMRI studies (617 IGD patients and 550 HCs). Compared with HCs, IGD subjects showed: (1) reduced GMV in the bilateral anterior/median cingulate cortex, superior/inferior frontal gyrus and supplementary motor area; (2) hyperactivation in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, left precuneus, right inferior temporal gyrus and right fusiform; (3) hypoactivation in the bilateral lingual and the left middle frontal gyrus; and (4) both decreased GMV and increased activation in the left anterior cingulate. Furthermore, Meta-regression revealed that GMV reduction in left anterior cingulate were positively correlated with BIS-11 score [r = 0.725, p = 0.012(uncorrected)] and IAT score [r = 0.761, p = 0.017(uncorrected)]. Conclusion This meta-analysis showed structural and functional impairments in brain regions related to executive control, cognitive function and reward-based decision making in IGD. Furthermore, multi-domain assessments captured different aspects of neuronal changes in IGD, which may help develop effective interventions as potential therapeutic targets.
The impact of renormalization on the observable predictions of inflation

We analyze the generation of primordial perturbations in a (single-field) slow-roll inflationary universe. In momentum space, these (Gaussian) perturbations are characterized by a zero mean and a non-zero variance Δ2(k,t). However, in position space the variance diverges in the ultraviolet. The requirement of a finite variance in position space forces one to regularize Δ2(k,t). This can be achieved by proper renormalization in an expanding universe in a unique way. This affects the predicted scalar and tensorial power spectra (evaluated when the modes acquire classical properties) for wavelengths that today are at observable scales. As a consequence, the imprint of slow-roll inflation on the CMB anisotropies is significantly altered.
DELTA SCUTI, SX PHOENICIS, AND RR LYRAE STARS IN GALAXIES AND GLOBULAR CLUSTERS

The distances to four galaxies and two globular clusters which are derived with the aid of period–luminosity and period–color relations of δ Scuti and SX Phe stars are compared to the distances derived by other methods, in particular RR Lyrae stars. We examine the luminosities of horizontal branch or RR Lyrae stars in Oosterhoff I and II globular clusters. Observational data from a variety of sources indicate a discontinuous jump of ∼0.2 mag in the luminosities of RR Lyrae variables at [Fe/H] ≈ −1.5 as we transition from Oosterhoff I to Oosterhoff II clusters. If Oosterhoff I clusters have RR Lyrae variables with average MV values of MV = 0.53 mag at [Fe/H] = −1.5, it implies that RR Lyrae stars in Oosterhoff II clusters average MV values are ∼0.34 mag. Unlike the Oosterhoff I clusters which show an increase in the V luminosity of RR Lyrae stars as [Fe/H] becomes smaller, little or no change in the V luminosity of RR Lyrae variables is evident in Oosterhoff II clusters in the interval of [Fe/H] from −1.5 to −2.2. We find distance moduli found with RR Lyrae variables agree to ⩽0.04 mag with those found with the δ Scuti and/or SX Phe variables if the MV values of RR Lyrae stars above are adopted. We find evidence of recent star formation (presence of near solar-metallicity δ Scuti stars with ages of 150 Myr to 1 Gyr) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), Small Magellanic Cloud, and the central region of the Fornax (dSph) galaxies. We also find an older population of metal-poor δ Scuti variables (SX Phe stars) in the LMC and Fornax galaxies. The Carina dSph is unique in that only an old population of metal-poor δ Scuti variables is evident. No evidence of recent δ Scuti star formation is found. The minimum periods observed for the SX Phe variables (blue stragglers) in the globular clusters M55 and ω Cen indicate that they could have been formed in a burst of metal-poor single star formation in the last 2.9–6 Gyr. If formed by the more acceptable scenario of stellar mergers, it is likely that the merged remnant resembles a normal star in a relatively advanced stage of main-sequence evolution with an enriched He core and ordinary He envelope. We present equations to calculate intrinsic-color indices for δ Scuti, SX Phe, and RR Lyrae stars at mean light. Finally, we show that the fundamental-radial-pulsating stars (δ Sct and SX Phe variables) have larger average light amplitudes than the first-overtone pulsating variables. The fundamental metal-poor variables (SX Phe stars) have the largest average and individual amplitudes.
Query Join Order Optimization Method Based on Dynamic Double Deep Q-Network

A join order directly affects database query performance and computational overhead. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) can explore efficient query plans while not exhausting the search space. However, the deep Q network (DQN) suffers from the overestimation of action values in query optimization, which can lead to limited query performance. In addition, ε-greedy exploration is not efficient enough and does not enable deep exploration. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose a dynamic double DQN (DDQN) order selection method(DDOS) for join order optimization. First, the method models the join query as a Markov decision process (MDP), then solves the DRL model by integrating the network model DQN and DDQN weighting into the DRL model’s estimation error problem in query joining, and finally improves the quality of developing query plans. And actions are selected using a dynamic progressive search strategy to improve the randomness and depth of exploration and accumulate a high information gain of exploration. The performance of the proposed method is compared with those of dynamic programming, heuristic algorithms, and DRL optimization methods based on the query set Join Order Benchmark (JOB). The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the query performance with a favorable generalization ability and robustness, and outperforms other baselines in multi-join query applications.
Nutriepigenomics in Environmental-Associated Oxidative Stress

Complex molecular mechanisms define our responses to environmental stimuli. Beyond the DNA sequence itself, epigenetic machinery orchestrates changes in gene expression induced by diet, physical activity, stress and pollution, among others. Importantly, nutrition has a strong impact on epigenetic players and, consequently, sustains a promising role in the regulation of cellular responses such as oxidative stress. As oxidative stress is a natural physiological process where the presence of reactive oxygen-derived species and nitrogen-derived species overcomes the uptake strategy of antioxidant defenses, it plays an essential role in epigenetic changes induced by environmental pollutants and culminates in signaling the disruption of redox control. In this review, we present an update on epigenetic mechanisms induced by environmental factors that lead to oxidative stress and potentially to pathogenesis and disease progression in humans. In addition, we introduce the microenvironment factors (physical contacts, nutrients, extracellular vesicle-mediated communication) that influence the epigenetic regulation of cellular responses. Understanding the mechanisms by which nutrients influence the epigenome, and thus global transcription, is crucial for future early diagnostic and therapeutic efforts in the field of environmental medicine.
Stationarity: Wanted Dead or Alive? 1

Lins, Harry F. and Timothy A. Cohn, 2011. Stationarity: Wanted Dead or Alive? Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(3):475‐480. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011. 00542.x
Constructing the Analytic Solutions of the Em Field in Cylindrically Stratified Media By the Counter-Propagation Deduction Method

—A new method, the Counter-Propagation Deduction (CPD) method is applied to deduce the Ez and Hz in a cylindrically stratified medium, from which the other components of the E and H can be deduced. By introducing a new concept, the Boundary Originated Sets (BOS), the CPD method can directly construct the analytic solutions, which, due to the simplicity of the deduction procedure and the expressions, can be easily evaluated numerically, irrespective of the number of the layers.
Synchronization of Light-Emitting Diodes Networks via Adaptive Neural Network Control

As ideal candidates for the implementation of a complex network on a chip, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with optoelectronic feedback loop can display complex sequences of periodic mixed mode oscillations and chaotic spiking. This paper presents a neural network based feedback control scheme for synchronization of coupled LEDs networks. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, the controller can stabilize the synchronization error dynamics around the origin point, thus robust synchronization can be obtained. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is illustrated ba a numerical example.
Prevalence of Mental Disorders and Associated Factors in Korean Adults: National Mental Health Survey of Korea 2021

Objective Mental health is a global concern and needs to be studied more closely. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of mental disorders and their associated factors among the general population in Korea. Methods The National Mental Health Survey of Korea 2021 was conducted between June 19 and August 31, 2021 and included 13,530 households; 5,511 participants completed the interview (response rate: 40.7%). The lifetime and 12-month diagnosis rates of mental disorders were made using the Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 2.1. Factors associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD), nicotine use disorder, depressive disorder, and anxiety disorder were analyzed, and mental health service utilization rates were estimated. Results The lifetime prevalence of mental disorders was 27.8%. The 12-month prevalence rates of alcohol use, nicotine use, depressive, and anxiety disorders were 2.6%, 2.7%, 1.7%, and 3.1%, respectively. The risk factors associated with 12-month diagnosis rates were as follows: AUD: sex and age; nicotine use disorder: sex; depressive disorder: marital status and job status; anxiety disorder: sex, marital status, and job status. The 12-month treatment and service utilization rates for 12-month AUD, nicotine use disorder, depressive disorder, and anxiety disorder were 2.6%, 1.1%, 28.2%, and 9.1%, respectively. Conclusion Approximately 25% of adults in the general population were diagnosed with mental disorders during their lifetime. The treatment rates were substantially low. Future studies on this topic and efforts to increase the mental health treatment rate at a national level are needed.
Serious Games in Digital Gaming: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Game Engines and Advancements

Serious games are defined as applied games that focus on the gamification of an experience (e.g., learning and training activities) and are not strictly for entertainment purposes. In recent years, serious games have become increasingly popular due to their ability to simultaneously educate and entertain users. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the different types of digital games and expand on the serious games genre while focusing on its various applications. Furthermore, we present the most widely used game engines used in the game development industry and extend the Unity game machine advantages. Lastly, we conclude our research with a detailed comparison of the two most popular choices (Unreal and Unity engines) and their respective advantages and disadvantages while providing future suggestions for serious digital game development.
Effects of Cashew Nut Shell Extract on Ruminal Fermentation and Nutrient Digestibility under Continuous Culture

The overall objective of this study was to determine the dose response to four levels of cashew nut shell extract in a granulated form (CNSE, containing 59% anacardic acid and 18% cardol) on culture pH, rumen fermentation metabolites, and apparent nutrient digestibility in continuous culture fermenters. The study was conducted as a generalized randomized complete block design with four treatments and four replications per treatment. The four treatments were randomly assigned to eight fermenters for two incubation runs of 10 d. Treatments consisted of (1) Control (CO, no CNSE), (2) Control plus 100 ppm of CNSE, (3) Control plus 200 ppm of CNSE, and (4) Control plus 300 ppm of CNSE. Fermenters were fed 52 g/d (DM basis) of a total mixed ration (TMR; 17.0% crude protein (CP), 29.7% NDF, and 29.9% starch), divided between two feedings at 0800 and 2000 h. The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were not affected by CNSE supplementation. Similarly, CNSE had no effect on culture pH, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) or individual VFA molar proportions. These results suggest that at the dosages evaluated in this study, CNSE has no impact on the rumen fermentation profile and the apparent nutrient digestibility under continuous culture conditions.
INTERNAL FRICTION OF POLYCRYSTALLINE CERAMIC OXIDES

Low-frequency internal friction behavior was investigated in high-purity ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and MgO polycrystals, with emphasis placed on the anelastic peak component arising from grain-boundary relaxation. Internal friction measurements were performed at temperatures up to \ensuremath{\approx}2000 K, with varying both the oscillation frequency and the grain size of the polycrystal by about one order of magnitude. A fitting procedure is shown which enables us to separate the anelastic peak component from the overall internal friction response. An analysis of the peak shift at frequency change was considered as a method of experimentally deriving both the activation energy for the elementary transport phenomenon occurring with viscous slip at the grain boundary, and the magnitude of the intrinsic grain-boundary viscosity. A classification of the viscous response of grain boundaries according to their degree of coherency and an estimate of their thicknesses, namely the region over which atomic diffusion is enhanced, was also attempted. For this purpose, a peak deconvolution analysis was performed with the evolution of the peak morphology monitored as a function of grain growth in the respective polycrystals when subjected to repeated annealing cycles.
Endosymbiont-containing germarium transcriptional survey in a cereal weevil depicts downregulation of immune effectors at the onset of sexual maturity

Insects often establish long-term relationships with intracellular symbiotic bacteria, i.e., endosymbionts, that provide them with essential nutrients such as amino acids and vitamins. Endosymbionts are typically confined within specialized host cells called bacteriocytes that may form an organ, the bacteriome. Compartmentalization within host cells is paramount for protecting the endosymbionts and also avoiding chronic activation of the host immune system. In the cereal weevil Sitophilus oryzae, bacteriomes are present as a single organ at the larval foregut-midgut junction, and in adults, at the apex of midgut mesenteric caeca and at the apex of the four ovarioles. While the adult midgut endosymbionts experience a drastic proliferation during early adulthood followed by complete elimination through apoptosis and autophagy, ovarian endosymbionts are maintained throughout the weevil lifetime by unknown mechanisms. Bacteria present in ovarian bacteriomes are thought to be involved in the maternal transmission of endosymbionts through infection of the female germline, but the exact mode of transmission is not fully understood. Here, we show that endosymbionts are able to colonize the germarium in one-week-old females, pinpointing a potential infection route of oocytes. To identify potential immune regulators of ovarian endosymbionts, we have analyzed the transcriptomes of the ovarian bacteriomes through young adult development, from one-day-old adults to sexually mature ones. In contrast with midgut bacteriomes, immune effectors are downregulated in ovarian bacteriomes at the onset of sexual maturation. We hypothesize that relaxation of endosymbiont control by antimicrobial peptides might allow bacterial migration and potential oocyte infection, ensuring endosymbiont transmission.
Low-Risk Women with Suspicious Microcalcifications in Mammography—Can an Additional Breast MRI Reduce the Biopsy Rate?

Background: In the German Mammography Screening Program, 62% of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 38% of invasive breast cancers are associated with microcalcifications (MCs). Vacuum-assisted stereotactic breast biopsies are necessary to distinguish precancerous lesions from benign calcifications because mammographic discrimination is not possible. The aim of this study was to investigate if breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRM) could assist the evaluation of MCs and thus help reduce biopsy rates. Methods: In this IRB-approved study, 58 women (mean age 58 +/− 24 years) with 59 suspicious MC clusters in the MG were eligible for this prospective single-center trial. Additional breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted before biopsy. Results: The breast MRI showed a sensitivity of 86%, a specificity of 84%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 75% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 91% for the differentiation between benign and malignant in these 59 MCs found with MG. Breast MRI in addition to MG could increase the PPV from 36% to 75% compared to MG alone. The MRI examination led to nine additional suspicious classified lesions in the study cohort. A total of 55% (5/9) of them turned out to be malignant. A total of 32 of 59 (54 %) women with suspicious MCs and benign histology were classified as non-suspicious by MRI. Conclusion: An additionally performed breast MRI could have increased the diagnostic reliability in the assessment of MCs. Further, in our small cohort, a considerable number of malignant lesions without mammographically visible MCs were revealed.