Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Waves in a dusty plasma over the illuminated part of the Moon

Abstract Waves in a dusty plasma over the lunar dayside are considered. It is shown that the relative motion of the solar wind with respect to the photoelectrons over the lunar surface leads to the excitation of high-frequency oscillations with frequencies in the range of Langmuir and electromagnetic waves. The dust acoustic wave excitation is possible in the vicinity of the lunar terminator.
Cooling flows and the X-ray luminosity–temperature relation for clusters

The luminosity-temperature relation for clusters has a wide dispersion which has been explained as being due to a range of gas density or mass. We show here that the offset of a cluster from the mean relation is proportional to the strength of its cooling flow. We also confirm a similar effect on the metallicity-temperature relation. Since the cooling flow itself cannot produce such large effects, we propose that they are due to a more widespread difference between the intracluster media of cooling flow and non-cooling flow clusters. We suggest that the effects may be due to the inhomogeneity of the intracluster medium that is required in cooling flows to explain the distributed mass deposition. The effects have implications for the cluster temperature function and for the evolution of clusters
Domestication and Foreignization in Translating American Prose for Slovenian Children

The purpose of this article is to describe and explore the examples of domestication and foreignization in translations of American prose read by Slovenian children. A few of the earlier American books that have entered the children’s literature canon have been read by dual audience and among these Uncle Tom’s Cabin has the longest tradition. The translations of the novel are presented in the light of domestication and foreignization endeavours. In order to complete and expand the picture of translating for children, a few additional works published in different eras of Slovenian translation history are briefly discussed.
Positive harmonic functions on complete manifolds of negative curvature

This paper studies the interaction between the geometry of complete Riemannian manifolds of negative curvature and some aspects of function theory on these spaces. The study of harmonic functions on the unit disc provides a classical and beautiful example of this interaction; we recall some aspects of this below. There is a well-known representation of positive harmonic functions on the unit disc U. due to Herglotz [13], in terms of positive Borel measures tt on the circle S1:
Kernel Functions Derived from Fuzzy Clustering and Application to VQ Clustering

Kernel functions are widely known to be useful tools in many areas of data analysis, while it has not yet shown that fuzzy models have close relation to kernel functions. We propose three basic functions derived from fuzzyc-means and possibilistic clustering. And then, we prove that the functions are able to be kernel functions, because those functions are positive-definite. The proof is based on the completely monotone function defined by Schönberg. To verify that the present functions are useful to classify data sets with nonlinear cluster boundaries, we conduct vector quantization clustering based on the kernel functions. Moreover, we compare performances of kernel algorithms of vector quantization with different choices of the present kernel functions and their parameters. I. I NTRODUCTION The goal of clustering is to group unlabeled data points into clusters, where data points within a cluster are more similar than data points in different clusters. We consider two clusters with nonlinear cluster boundary as Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 which we will discuss as examples herein. It has been known that traditional partitioning methods can not separate two cluster in this figure. A kernel function method to classify nonlinear data sets is now studied by many researchers in resent years. Among various types of kernel functions that have been studied so far, the Gaussian kernel(alias RBF kernel) is popular and is said to have good performances overall [9], [10], [20]. We note that the Gaussian kernel is based on the Gaussian error function e−t 2 which is used as the most standard probability density function. By analogy, we consider another function 1 1+t2 of a similar shape but with longer tails which is related to the Cauchy distribution. These two functions are typical symmetric functions for probability distributions on the line of real-values. Incidentally, the Gaussian function is a positive-definite function. It is natural for us to have a question that the other types of functions are also positivedefinite functions. Another interesting property is that both types of functions are closely related to fuzzy c-means and possibilistic clustering [11], [12], [14], [15], [16], [21], as we will see in this paper. Kohonen introduced the concept of self-organizing feature maps for visual display of certain one and two dimensional 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 A ball in a circle Fig. 1. A ball in a circle
Interaction of Capacitor‐Bank‐Produced Megagauss Magnetic Field with Small Single‐Turn Coil

Experiments on the production of high magnetic fields in single‐turn coils by means of high‐voltage capacitor banks are described. Fields as high as 3.5 megagauss have been produced. Numerical analysis of the interaction of this field with the metal wall shows that magnetic diffusion and wall compression are the principal interaction phenomena. In addition, experimental and theoretical evidence are presented for the emission of a vapor cloud by the wall into the magnetic‐field volume. Finally, a simple approximate method for calculating the early time history of the magnetic field and coil motion is shown to give reasonable agreement with experiment.
Evolution of Intelligence and the Human Fifth Dimension

“Information” has been postulated by the Daoist theory of Qi-energy fields system to be encoded and inherent in the Qi-energy complex (Qi) since the beginning of time. This became the origin of intelligence when it was passed onto humankind. This abstract entity is extended as a concept of “quantum information/intelligence” (QI) when correlated with quantum physics. Human psychic power, spread over interconnected biological to cosmic spatial fields, would constitute a new Fifth Dimension, woven into the fabric of space and time. This would create a psycho-bionomic model of the universe.
Enhanced Tunneling through Dielectric Films due to Ionic Defects

The theoretical shape of the potential barrier for a dielectric film interposed between two metals is discussed, with particular emphasis on the effects arising from ionic defects, interfacial dipoles, and field penetration of the electrodes. It is shown that both ions and the extension of their electric fields penetrating the electrodes have a significant effect on barrier shape. By applying Stratton's theory of tunneling, an analytic expression is obtained for the increase of tunnel current due to ion penetration of the barrier. For ion concentrations of the order of one per unit area equal to the film thickness square, the tunnel current increases by an order of magnitude. Numerical results are also presented for an Al–Al2O3–Al barrier, where the analytic solution is only marginally valid.
On Horowitz's contributions to reset control

History shows that Prof. Isaac Horowitz was often ahead of the curve in his feedback control research, especially in developing quantitatively driven design procedures. In some topics, his work was so out of line with the main stream that it has received virtually no recognition from the control community until a few decades later. In this paper, we present recent research that was directly motivated by Horowitz's pioneering work on reset controllers in the 1970s. Reset controllers are linear controllers that reset some of their states to zero when their inputs reach a threshold. Horowitz motivated their use by showing that with qualitative design, they can exhibit better performance trade‐offs than those in linear, time‐invariant systems. This paper supports and advances his thinking by presenting recent theoretical and experimental results on reset control. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RANDOM FORCING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL HOMOGENEOUS TURBULENCE

A method of using a fully random force to numerically generate statistically stationary homogeneous turbulence has been developed. The forcing is implemented in spectral space where it is concentrated at small wave numbers. Hence, the power input is introduced into the flow at large scales. The randomness in time makes the force neutral, in the sense that it does not directly correlate with any of the time scales of the turbulent flow, and it also makes the power input determined solely by the force-force correlation. This means that it is possible to generate different desirable turbulence states, such as axisymmetric turbulence, where the degree of anisotropy of the forcing can be chosen a priori through forcing parameters. In particular, the total amount of power input from the forcing can be set to balance a desired dissipation at a statistically stationary state. In order to only get a contribution from the force-force correlation to the input power in the discrete equations, the force is determined .
10 Multi-level factors influencing job embeddedness among migrant employees: A systematic literature review

Job embeddedness has demonstrated impressive power in predicting various work outcomes of migrant employees such as retention, performance, and knowledge sharing. However, the means by which migrant employees become embedded in the host country remains under-researched. In this chapter, we con-duct a systematic literature review using 42 empirical studies, thereby revealing the factors contributing to job embeddedness of working migrants at the situational, individual, organizational, and institutional levels. These insights aid employers in receiving countries to facilitate their migrant workers’ job embeddedness in a more effective way, hence optimizing the deployment of this talent group.
Angular Momentum of a Rotating Dipole

In this paper, we derive the far field electromagnetic fields of a rotating half-wave dipole antenna. Theoretically, we have demonstrated that the far electromagnetic fields of a rotating half-wave dipole carry angular momentum in the term of ϕ- ϕ′, which is absent from the stationary half-wave dipole antenna. The term sin(kr−ωt+[ϕ−ϕ']) tells us that the electromagnetic wave propagates outward with the speed of light c(evidence from k= ω/c) from the dipole along the r axis and both electric and magnetic fields are spinning (oscillate with ω rad/s) and orbiting (rotating with ω0 rad/s) along the raxiswith the speed of light. The orbital frequency is evidence from the term ϕ−ϕ'=ω0 t−ω0 t'=ω0 r/c
Acoustic barriers based on periodic arrays of scatterers

It is well known that certain periodic structures built by repetition of elements produce sound attenuation effects as a consequence of the destructive interference of the scattered waves by these elements. The sound attenuation results that we got from transmission experiments with these kind of structures, so-called sonic crystals (SCs), led us to think that SCs could be used as an acoustic barrier. Until now, most of the transmission experiments with these periodic arrays of scatterers have been performed under controlled conditions, so how they would behave outdoors is still not well known. In this letter we present outdoor-experimental results for two-dimensional SCs and from these it can be concluded that periodic arrays of scatterers are a suitable device to reduce noise in free-field conditions.
Calculation of surface current on perfectly conducting bodies of arbitrary shape.

Abstract : A numerical method was developed to solve for current distribution on perfectly conducting bodies due to aribtrarily impressed fields. The formulation of the problem was based on the method of moments in conjunction with the reaction matching technique. The current distribution was assumed to be linear combination of two dimensional piecewise sinusoidal functions. A computer program was written to demonstrate the feasibility of this technique for plane wave scattering problems.
Thunderstorm top structure observed by aircraft overflights with an infrared radiometer

Abstract Thunderstorm top structure is examined with high spatial resolution radiometric data (visible and infrared) from aircraft overflights together with other storm views, including geosynchronous satellite observations. Results show that overshooting cumuliform towers appear as distinct cold areas in the high resolution 11 μm infrared (IR) aircraft images, but that the geosynchronous satellite observations significantly overestimate the thunderstorm top IR brightness temperature (TB) due to field-of-view effects. Profiles of cloud top height and TB across overshooting features indicate an adiabatic cloud surface lapse rate. However, one-dimensional cloud model results indicate that when comparing thunderstorm top temperature and height at different times or different storms, a temperature-to-height conversion of ∼7 K km−1 is appropriate. Examination of mature storm evolution indicates that during periods when the updraft is relatively intense the satellite IR “cold point” is aligned with the low-leve.
Holographic wavefront sensing with spatial light modulator in context of horizontal light propagation

Wavefront sensing with a holographically created diffraction grating is a promising new approach in adaptive optics. In this paper the realization of such a holographic wavefront sensor for the detection of defocus is presented. Core of the sensor is a computer-generated hologram displayed on a spatial light modulator. The experimental results of the sensor usage are compared with simulated data to proof its functionality. For the sensor design the detector size could be an important parameter. Hence the influence of this factor on the sensor response is analyzed. Furthermore the effect of scintillation on the sensor output is covered. A preliminary simulation shows that the holographic wavefront sensor is not absolutely independent of scintillation, as assumed due to theoretical consumptions.
Directional side scattering of light by a single plasmonic trimer

Directional side scattering of light by individual gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) trimers assembled by the atomic force microscope (AFM) nanomanipulation method is investigated in experiment and theory. The AFM nanomanipulation approach brings an active way to construct ultracompact and effective optical nanoantennas. Different configurations of the trimers are constructed in situ via AFM nanomanipulation. Unidirectional side scattering of light by a single trimer is demonstrated with a broad response bandwidth over 400 nm and directivity up to ∼7.8 dB in experiments. The near‐field plasmon coupling of the AuNPs is simulated with the 3D finite‐difference time‐domain method and the far‐field radiation patterns are calculated by employing near‐field‐to‐far‐field transformation methods. The calculated results are in agreement with the experiments qualitatively. The physical origin is revealed intuitively by employing a simple phenomenological “two‐dipole” model. The unidirectional light scattering is due to the interference between multiple plasmonic resonance modes of the trimers. The study contributes to the understanding of the optical response of complex nanostructures and optimizing nanoantenna performances for practical applications, e.g. increasing the detection efficiency of surface‐enhanced spectroscopy.
Globally convergent stochastic optimization with optimal asymptotic distribution

A stochastic gradient descent method is combined with a consistent auxiliary estimate to achieve global convergence of the recursion. Using step lengths converging to zero slower than 1/n and averaging the trajectories, yields the optimal convergence rate of 1/√n and the optimal variance of the asymptotic distribution. Possible applications can be found in maximum likelihood estimation, regression analysis, training of artificial neural networks, and stochastic optimization.
Real‐Time Solution of Bi‐Level Optimal Control Problems

Bi‐level optimal control problems are presented as an extension to classical optimal control problems. Hereby, additional constraints for the primary problem are considered, which depend on the optimal solution of a secondary optimal control problem. A demanding problem is the numerical complexity, since at any point in time the solution of the optimal control problem as well as a complete solution of the secondary problem have to be determined. Hence we deal with two dependent variables in time. The numerical solution of the bi‐level problem is illustrated by an application of a container crane. Jerk and energy optimal trajectories with free final time are calculated under the terminal condition that the crane system comes to be at rest at a predefined location. In enlargement additional constraints are investigated to ensure that the crane system can be brought to a rest position by a safety stop at a free but admissible location in minimal time from any state of the trajectory. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Damage detection tomography based on guided waves in composite structures using a distributed sensor network

Abstract. Structural health monitoring (SHM) based on guided waves allows assessing the health of a structure due to the sensitivity to the occurrence of delamination. However, wave propagation presents several complexities for effective damage identification in composite structures. An efficient implementation of a guided wave-based SHM system requires an accurate analysis of collected data to obtain a useful detection. This paper is concerned with the identification of small emerging delaminations in composite structural components using a sparse array of surface ultrasonic transducers. An ultrasonic-guided wave tomography technique focused on impact damage detection in composite plate-like structures is presented. A statistical damage index approach is adopted to interpret the recorded signals, and a subsequent graphic interpolation is implemented to reconstruct the damage appearance. Experimental tests carried out on a typical composite structure demonstrated the effectiveness of the developed technique with the aim to investigate the presence and location of damage using simple imaging reports and a limited number of measurements. A traditional ultrasonic inspection (C-scan) is used to assess the methodology.
Kolmogorov similarity in freely decaying turbulence

A direct numerical simulation of the three‐dimensional Navier–Stokes equation at high Reynolds numbers is performed by the spectral method with 3×3403 effective modes (853 independent degrees of freedom) starting from a high‐symmetric flow. Kolmogorov’s [C. R. (Dokl.) Acad. Sci. URSS 30, 301 (1941)] similarity forms of the energy spectra (the one‐dimensional longitudinal and lateral energy spectra as well as the three‐dimensional one) in the universal range are observed in a decaying period after the enstrophy takes the maximum value. During this period the energy decays exponentially in time and the microscale Reynolds number changes from 100 to 60. At the lower part of the universal range Kolmogorov’s inertial range spectrum E(k,t)=Ae(t)2/3k−5/3 is observed over nearly one decade of the wavenumber, where the Kolmogorov constant A≊1.8. At the higher part of the universal range, on the other hand, it has an exponential tail with an algebraic correction, E(k,t)/[e(t)ν5]1/4 =B(k/kd(t))m exp[−β(k/kd(t))], R).
Suites doubles de basse complexité

Nous donnons une representation geometrique des suites doubles uniformement recurrentes de fonction de complexite rectangulaire mn+n. Nous montrons que ces suites codent l'action d'une Z 2 -action definie par deux rotations irrationnelles sur le cercle unite. La preuve repose sur une etude des suites doubles dont les lignes sont des suite sturmiennes de meme langage.
Measuring the Complexity of SRT Tables

This paper presents an analysis of the complexity of quotient-digit selection tables in SRT division implementations. SRT dividers use a fixed number of partial remainder and divisor bits to consult a table to select the next quotient-digit in each iteration. The complexity of these tables is a function of the radix, the redundancy, and the number of bits in the estimates of the divisor and partial remainder. This analysis derives the allowable divisor and partial remainder truncations for radix 2 through radix 32, and it quantifies the relationship between table parameters and the number of product terms in the logic equations defining the tables. By mapping the tables to a library of standard-cells, delay and area values were measured and are presented for table configurations through radix 32. The results show that: 1) Gray-coding of the quotient-digits allows for the automatic minimization of the quotient-digit selection logic equations. 2) Using a short carry-assimilating adder with a few more input bits than output bits can reduce table complexity. 3) Reducing the number of bits in the partial remainder estimate and increasing the length of the divisor estimate increases the size and delay of the table, offsetting any performance gain due to the shorter external adder. 4) While delay increases nearly linearly with radix, area increases quadratically, limiting practical table implementations to radix 2 and radix 4.