Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vitamin K deficiency bleeding in Great Britain and Ireland: British Paediatric Surveillance Unit Surveys, 1993–94 and 2001–02

Objective: To conduct and report monitoring of vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) in Great Britain and Ireland following the 1988–90 survey (VKDB-90). Design: Two 2-year surveys conducted during 1993–4 (VKDB-94) and 2001–02 (VKDB-02). Setting: Data collected from all consultant paediatricians in Great Britain and Ireland. Patients: All infants presenting with bleeding resulting from vitamin K (VK) deficiency. Main outcome measures: Incidence of VKDB, related mortality/morbidity and VK prophylaxis recommended/received, noting predisposing features. Results: Compared with previous studies, VKDB-02 found fewer cases of VKDB (RR: 0.27 (95% CI: 0.12 to 0.59), p<0.001) with no deaths, no long-term morbidity and reduced incidence among those receiving any oral dosing (RR: 0.24 (95% CI: 0.06 to 1.01), p<0.059). Breast-fed infants accounted for the vast majority of cases. The number receiving no prophylaxis fell consecutively over time: 20 of 27 in VKDB-90, 10 of 32 in VKDB-94 and 4 (because of parental refusal) of 7 in VKDB-02. Seven received one oral dose of VK in VKDB-90, 16 in VKDB-94 and none in VKDB-02. Underlying liver disease was found in six cases in VKDB-90, 12 in VKDB-94 and one in VKDB-02. Conclusions: In the most recent survey, the incidence of VKDB was about one third that in the two earlier studies. Late onset VKDB remains virtually confined to breast-fed infants who have received either no VK or just one oral dose. The effectiveness of oral prophylaxis regimens has improved over the last 15 years, but parental refusal of prophylaxis has become more problematic.
Molecular evidence of clonality amongst Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor during an outbreak in Malaysia

Forty-three clinical strains of V. cholerae O1 biotype El Tor were isolated between 3 May and 10 June 1998 during an outbreak in the metropolitan area of Kuala Lumpur and its suburbs. With the exception of three Inaba strains that were restricted to three members of a family, all the others belonged to the Ogawa serotype. The strains were analysed for clonality using ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Two ribotypes, V/B21a and B27, were identified among 40 Ogawa isolates using BglI restriction endonuclease. Ribotype V/B21a has been described previously from Taiwan and Colombia and several Asian countries while B27 has been reported among isolates from Senegal. The three Inaba strains belonged to one ribotype, designated type A, not previously reported. PFGE analysis using NotI revealed that all isolates within a ribotype had identical profiles demonstrating clonality amongst the strains. Dice coefficient analysis of the two Ogawa genotypes revealed 89% similarity on ribotype patterns and 91.3% on PFGE profiles. Ribotype V/B21a isolates were associated with cases from dispersed areas of Kuala Lumpur and its suburbs while ribotype B27 was restricted to cases from one particular area suggesting a common-source outbreak.
Understanding the roles of cultural differences and socio-economic status in social media continuance intention

Purpose – Drawing upon the literature of Uses and Gratifications (U & G) Theory, the purpose of this paper is to propose that entertainment, information seeking, socialization, and self-presentation are the motivational factors affecting continuance intention of social media. This paper further investigates the moderating effects of cultural difference and socio-economic status on the link between these motivational factors and continuance intention. Design/methodology/approach – Data collected from the 493 active users of Facebook in five countries (Australia, Austria, Japan, Taiwan, and the USA) were used to test the proposed model. Partial least squares method was used to assess the relationships in the model and the subgroup analysis method was employed as well to examine the moderating roles of cultural difference and socio-economic status. Findings – Information seeking exerts stronger effect on continuance intention for users from individualistic cultures, while socialization, and self-presentation.
Online survey study on social perceptions towards color-changing on-skin displays

On-skin displays have emerged as a seamless form factor for visualizing information. However, the non-traditional form factor of these on-skin displays and how they present notifications on the skin may raise concerns for public wear. These perceptions will impact whether a device is eventually adopted or rejected by society. Therefore, researchers must consider the societal facets of device design. In this paper, we study social perceptions towards interacting with a color-changing on-skin display. We examined third-person perspectives through a 254-person online survey. The study was conducted in the United States and Taiwan to distill cross-cultural attitudes. This structured study sheds light on designing on-skin displays reflective of cultural considerations.
Clotting factor concentrates given to prevent bleeding and bleeding-related complications in people with hemophilia A or B.

BACKGROUND People with severe hemophilia A or B, X-linked bleeding disorders due to decreased blood levels of coagulants, suffer recurrent bleeding into joints and soft tissues. Before clotting factor concentrates were available, most people with severe hemophilia developed crippling musculoskeletal deformities. Clotting factor concentrate prophylaxis aims to preserve joint function by converting severe hemophilia (factor VIII or IX less than 1%) into a clinically milder form of the disease. Prophylaxis has long been used in Sweden, but not universally adopted because of medical, psychosocial, and cost controversies. Use of clotting factor concentrates is the single largest predictor of cost in treating hemophilia. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of clotting factor concentrate prophylaxis in the management of people with hemophilia A or B. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group's Trials Register comprising references from comprehensive electronic database searches and handsearches of journals and abstract books. Reference lists of relevant articles were reviewed. Most recent search: November 2005. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating people with severe hemophilia A or B, receiving prophylactic clotting factor concentrates. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently reviewed studies for eligibility, assessed methodological quality and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS Twenty-nine studies were identified; four studies (including 37 participants) were eligible for inclusion. Three studies evaluated hemophilia A; one showed a decrease in frequency of joint bleeds with prophylaxis compared to placebo (non-physiological dose), with a rate difference (RD) -10.80 (95% confidence interval (CI) -16.33 to -5.27) bleeds per year. The remaining two studies evaluating hemophilia A compared two prophylaxis regimens, one study showed no difference in joint bleed frequency, RD -5.04 (95%CI -17.02 to 6.94) bleeds per year and another failed to demonstrate an advantage of factor VIII dosing based on individual pharmacokinetic data over the standard prophylaxis regimen with RD -0.14 (95% CI -1.34 to 1.05) bleeds per year. The fourth study evaluated hemophilia B and showed fewer joint bleeds with weekly (15 IU/kg) versus bi-weekly (7.5 IU/kg) prophylaxis, RD -3.30 (95% CI -5.50 to - 1.10) bleeds per year. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence from randomised controlled trials to determine whether prophylactic clotting factor concentrates decrease bleeding and bleeding-related complications in hemophilia A or B, compared to placebo, on-demand treatment, or prophylaxis based on pharmacokinetic data from individuals. Well-designed RCTs are needed to assess the effectiveness of prophylactic clotting factor concentrates. Two clinical trials are ongoing.
Daily Associations Between Alcohol and Sexual Behavior in Young Adults

We tested within-person effects of alcohol on sexual behavior among young adults in a longitudinal burst design (N = 213, 6,487 days) using data collected from a previously published parent study. We differentiated effects of alcohol on likelihood of sexual activity versus use of protection against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or pregnancy on intercourse occasions by testing a multilevel multinomial model with 4 outcomes (no sex, oral sex without intercourse, protected intercourse, and unprotected intercourse). At the within-person level, effects of alcohol were hypothesized to be conditional upon level of intoxication (i.e., curvilinear effect). We also tested effects of four between-person moderators: gender, typical length of relationship with sexual partners, and two facets of self-control (effortful control and reactivity). Consistent with our hypothesis, low-level intoxication was associated with increased likelihood of engaging in oral sex or protected intercourse (relative to no sex) but was not related to likelihood of unprotected intercourse. The effect of intoxication on unprotected versus protected intercourse was an accelerating curve, significantly increasing likelihood of unprotected intercourse at high levels of intoxication. Between-person factors moderated associations between intoxication and sexual behavior. Effects of intoxication on both protected and unprotected intercourse were diminished for individuals with more familiar sexual partners. Effortful control exhibited a protective effect, reducing the effects of intoxication on likelihood of unprotected intercourse. Hypothesized effects of reactivity were not supported. Intoxication was a stronger predictor of oral sex and protected intercourse (but not unprotected intercourse) for women relative to men. Results highlight the inherent complexities of the alcohol-sexual behavior nexus.
Emotional Tagging and Belief Formation: The Long-Lasting Effects of Experiencing Communism

Growing evidence in macrofinance suggests long-lasting effects of personally experienced outcomes on beliefs. To understand the underlying mechanism we turn to the neurological foundations of memory formation. We propose that emotional tagging plays a crucial role in assigning weights in the belief formation process. We use exposure to communism as well as variation in its emotional tagging to predict long-run beliefs. We show that living under communism has long-term effects on beliefs about its benefits. In addition, positive and negative emotional tags strongly affect the (pro- or anti-communist) direction of beliefs, providing anchors to memory that seem hard to reverse.
Depression and Its Predictors among Nursing Students in Four Countries : USA , Thailand

This cross-sectional, correlational study examined the differences of depression scores between nursing students in the USA, Thailand, Taiwan, and Japan and predictors of depression in each country. A questionnaire packet was administered at seven nursing schools in the USA, Thailand, Taiwan, and Japan. Participants included 939 junior and senior undergraduate nursing students: 210 US, 156 Thai, 200 Taiwanese, and 373 Japanese. Results showed that depression scores among nursing students in four countries were statistically different (F = 5.96, df = 935, p<.001). Bonferroni post-hoc analysis indicated that US students had higher depression scores than Asian students. No score differences were detected among nursing students between the three Asian countries. Results from multiple regression show that stress predicted depression in nursing students in all countries. Self-esteem predicted depression in the USA and Thailand. Friend support predicted depression in Taiwan and Japan. Programs that may help decrease stress and increase self-esteem and friend support should be established for nursing students in these four countries, based on results from this study.
Systematic and Biogeographical Patterns in the Reproductive Biology of Scleractinian Corals

A limited diversity of character states for reproductive traits and a robust phylogeny make scleractinian corals an ideal model organism with which to explore the evolution of life-history traits. Here, we explore systematic and biogeographical patterns in the reproductive biology of the Scleractinia within the context of a new molecular phylogeny and using reproductive traits from nearly 400 species. Our analyses confirm that coral sexuality is highly conserved, and mode of larval development is relatively plastic. An overabundance of species with autotrophic larvae in the eastern Pacific and Atlantic is most likely the result of increased capacity for long-distance dispersal conferred by vertical transmission of symbiotic zooxanthellae. Spawning records from diverse biogeographical regions indicate that multispecies spawning occurs in all speciose coral assemblages. A new quantitative index of spawning synchrony shows peaks at mid-tropical latitudes in the IndoPacific, influenced in part by two spawning seasons in many species on equatorial reefs.
Does the Endorser’s Nationality Matter? An Investigation of Young Taiwanese Consumers’ Selecting Smartphone

The use of a wrong celebrity endorser may boost the animosity of local consumers toward a specific country with a complex consumer animosity. Thus, this study aims to examine whether the match or mismatch between the endorser’s nationality and the brand’s country of origin affects consumers’ purchase intention. We use an experimental study to investigate the purchase intention of young Taiwanese consumers toward Korean smartphone brand “Samsung”. Results indicate that the endorser’s nationality does matter. While celebrity endorsement has a consistent positive effect on purchase intention, the effect of the endorser’s nationality varies. Specifically, using domestic celebrity as an endorser has more advantage in enhancing the purchase intentions of consumers who are neutral and dislike Korea than using a foreign celebrity. However, an endorser’s nationality has no significant difference among young Taiwanese consumers who like the Korean culture. Smartphone producers such as Samsung and LG can use the results to promote their new products in a foreign country such as Taiwan and Japan with a complex consumer animosity.
Highly excited exciton-polariton condensates

This research was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through its FIRST Program and KAKENHI Grant Numbers 24740277 and 25800181, a Space and Naval Warfare Systems (SPAWAR) Grant Number N66001-09-1-2024, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT), the National Institution of Information and Communication Technology (NICT), the joint study program at Institute for Molecular Science. T. H. acknowledges the support of Toray Science Foundation, KDDI Foundation, the Asahi Glass Foundation, ther Murata Science Foundation, and REFEC. T.B. acknowledges the support of the Shanghai Research Challenge Fund, New York University Global Seed Grants for Collaborative Research, National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61571301), the Thousand Talents Program for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No. D1210036A), and the NSFC Research Fund for International Young Scientists (Grant No. 11650110425).
Examining High-Performing Education Systems in Terms of Teacher Training: Lessons Learnt for Low-Performers.

The quality of a teacher plays one of the most important roles in the achievement of an education system. Teacher training is a multi-dimensional process which comprises the selection of teacher candidates, pre-service training, appointment, in-service training and teaching practices. Therefore, this study focuses on teacher training processes in Singapore, Shanghai-China, Hong Kong-China and Turkey and aims to discover the reasons for success in Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) by relating it with teacher training processes. Singapore, Shanghai-China, Hong Kong-China were chosen to study because their educational systems were ranked among the high-performing educational systems in 2016. This study was a qualitative research and document analysis method was used to collect data about the relevant countries' teacher training processes. The result of the study suggested some practical considerations for teacher training programs in low-performing education systems about the selection of teacher candidates, pre-service training, appointment, in-service training and teaching practices.
Crisis Effects on the Electronics Industry in Southeast Asia

Abstract The financial crises of 1997–98 and 2008–09 each had a debilitating effect on Southeast Asian market economies because of the dominance of exports and foreign ownership. However, the 1997–98 financial crisis positively impacted electronics exports, production and employment, due to a booming US economy. The contraction in demand in the US during the 2008–09 crisis reduced electronics exports from Southeast Asia with the exceptions of Indonesia and the Philippines, which were shielded by regional linkages with Singapore, Malaysia and China. Foreign labour repatriation and fiscal stimulus packages helped Malaysia and Thailand rebound quickly from the 2008–09 crisis. In the Philippines, the 2008–09 crisis expanded further the casualisation of labour as retrenched workers from Malaysia and Singapore returned home. State grants encouraged upgrading in Singapore and to some extent in Malaysia, but the liberal approach of Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand limited them to low-value-added activities. However, Singapore’s and Malaysia’s transnational-based strategy failed to reproduce the technological leapfrogging experience of South Korea and Taiwan. Also, Malaysia’s ethno-patronage policies discouraged upgrading in national firms.
B 12 deficiency and other comorbid autoimmune diseases on treatment outcome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis : An exploratory cohort study

To investigate the impact of comorbid diseases on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) outcome. All patients diagnosed with RA since 2006, who were registered in our local Danbio registry, were included in this cohort study. Patients’ demographics, serology results, and Disease Activity Score in 28 joints-C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) at the time of diagnosis and after 4 months of treatment initiation were collected. Patients’ electronic hospital records were evaluated for a positive history of thyroid diseases, diabetes mellitus, primary hyperparathyroidism, vitamin B12 deficiency, and the presence of other diagnosed autoimmune diseases. 1035 RA patients were included. The observed prevalence of thyroid diseases was 11.8%, DM 10.4%, primary hyperparathyroidism 2.8%, vitamin B12 deficiency 5.8%, and other diagnosed autoimmune diseases 1.6%. There were significant associations between presence of thyroid diseases and female gender (P< .001); DM and greater age (P< .001); primary hyperparathyroidism and longer disease duration (P= .002); other diagnosed autoimmune diseases and antinuclear antibody positivity (P< .001). RA patients with thyroid diseases (P= .001) and other comorbid autoimmune diseases (P< .001) had significantly poorer initial response to the RA treatment compared to patients with isolated RA. Univariate analyses revealed that age, the presence of thyroid diseases, the presence of other diagnosed autoimmune diseases and DAS28-CRP at the time of diagnosis were significantly associated with DDAS28-CRP. Additionally, multivariate analysis demonstrated that DDAS28-CRP deterioration was significantly correlated to the presence of thyroid diseases (unstandardized regression coefficient (standard error); 0.188(0.088), P= . 030) and the presence of other diagnosed autoimmune diseases (-0.537 (0.208),P= . 010). RA patients are at increased risk of specific comorbidities with possible impact on the treatment outcome. To improve this situation, periodic assessment of comorbidities should be considered. Abbreviations: ACR= American College of Rheumatology, ANA= antinuclear antibody, anti-ccp= anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, DAS28-CRP = disease activity score in 28 joints-C-reactive protein, DM = diabetes mellitus, EULAR = the European League Against Rheumatism, FBS = fasting blood sugar, HbA1C = hemoglobin A1C, HLA = human leukocyte antigen, IgM-RF = immunoglobulin M rheumatoid factor, MMA = methylmalonic acid, PTH = parathyroid hormone, RA = rheumatoid arthritis, SJ = swollen joints, T3 = triiodothyronine, T4 = thyroxine, TJ = tender joints, TNF-a = tumor necrosis factor alpha, TSH = thyroid stimulating hormone.
The Pacific Rim College of Psychiatrists

The Pacific Rim College of Psychiatrists (PRCP) is an association of psychiatrists from countries bordering the Pacific. The College was formed in 1980 by a group of 56 psychiatrists from 10 countries — Canada, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand and the United States — with a prominent role having been played in the establishment of the College by academic psychiatrists associated with the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, Los Angeles. Though primarily formed by academic psychiatrists, it has membership open to psychiatrists in any area of practice. The membership of the College is mainly made up of psychiatrists from the USA, Canada, Japan, South Korea, China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, with Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines and Australia each having a small number of members.
Advertised psychologists and counsellors in Hong Kong and Singapore

Counselling and applied psychological practice are developing professional activities not yet legally regulated in Hong Kong and Singapore. As such, little is known about Singaporean and Hong Kong psychologists and counsellors. This survey research in a field setting aimed to describe Hong Kong and Singaporean Yellow Pages advertised counsellors and psychologists. Data were collected using a multiple mailing survey method. The practitioner’s (1) demographic characteristics, (2) counselling training and development, (3) provision of counselling services, (4) professional involvement and (5) competence level regarding five specific counselling areas were assessed. Advertised Hong Kong and Singaporean practitioners tended to be female, Chinese, bilingual, married, heterosexual, have families and hold Christian beliefs. They engage in counselling activities on a full-time basis and do not find burnout an issue and are satisfied with their financial remuneration regarding applied service which tends to be general in nature and involves couples and families. The advertised professionals in Hong Kong and Singapore tended to be qualified professionals trained at the university level and note that they are involved in supervision and professional development activities. Hong Kong and Singaporean counsellors and psychologists are thus described providing a historical snapshot of the nature of the therapeutic practice in this region.