Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Degradation characteristics of high-voltage AlGaN/GaN-on-Si heterostructure FETs under a reverse gate bias stress

We have performed reverse gate bias stress tests on field-plated AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) on Si substrates with high breakdown voltage. The source-to-drain breakdown voltages measured under off-state conditions ranged from 615 to 816 V. However, a sudden increase in the gate leakage current was observed at a critical voltage in the range of 20–30 V during the reverse gate bias stress test with the source and the drain grounded. Two-terminal stress tests were performed on drain-gate and source-gate Schottky diodes, respectively. The reverse leakage currents of both diodes were increased although one electrode was floated during the stress test. This suggests that the defects generated by the stress-induced inverse piezoelectric effect provide a leakage path from the gate contact to the electron channel. The increase in the leakage depended on the location of peak electric field during the stress test. A time-dependent element of the degradation was also observed during the constant gate bias stress test at the critical voltage.
Leveraging high-performance shunts in high-voltage battery applications for next-gen electric vehicles

High-performance bus bar shunt resistors are helping electric vehicle (EV) designers meet the challenges of the market in new ways. This article reviews the basics of shunt-resistor technology and outlines several recent improvements, including a new metal-injection-molding process and a new form factor. These innovations are leading to breakthroughs in minimizing power loss, reducing physical footprints and managing thermal and conductivity properties.
Risk Management of Using Wireless Sensor Networks In Development Plans

As a new generation of network, wireless sensor networks have a wide application in supervising, controlling and monitoring jobs in managing development plans. Since using this networks are in direction of information exchanges, so it has some disadvantages along its Benefits. These disadvantages cause a kind of uncertainty and unclarity in systems which are under management of these networks. The aim of this paper, while considering these conditions, recognize the risk of applying these networks and minimize them by using intelligent systems.
Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Dialysis Patients and Kidney Transplant Recipients

Dialysis patients and kidney transplant (KTX) recipients suffer from an impaired immune system and show a decreased response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination. We performed a retrospective analysis of 1505 serological SARS-CoV-2 measurements obtained from 887 dialysis patients and 86 KTX recipients. The results were separated by patient subgroups (dialysis/KTX) as well as SARS-CoV-2 status. The latter criterion included SARS-CoV-2-naïve patients with or without COVID-19 vaccination and convalescent patients receiving a booster shot. Serologies of 27 vaccinated healthy individuals served as the reference group. Vaccine-induced cellular immune response was quantified by an interferon-γ release assay in 32 KTX recipients. We determined seroconversion rates of 92.6%, 93.4%, and 71.4% in dialysis patients vaccinated with either BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or AZD1222, respectively. Vaccination-induced anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers were lower in dialysis patients compared to healthy individuals, and vaccination with mRNA-1273 induced higher titers than BNT162b2. The initial seroconversion rate was 39.5% in KTX recipients vaccinated with BNT162b2. A linear regression model identified medication with mycophenolate-mofetil/mycophenolic acid as an independent risk factor for missing seroconversion. Within a cohort of 32 KTX recipients, cellular and humoral immune reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 was detectable in three patients only. Conclusively, vaccine-induced seroconversion rates were similar in dialysis patients compared to healthy individuals but were strongly impaired in KTX recipients. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers elicited by double active immunization were significantly lower in both cohorts compared to healthy individuals, and immune responses to vaccination vanished quickly.
The Ethics of Early Crisis Detection - Big Data, AI, and Algorithms in the German Military

Technological developments have and will continue to influence our everyday lives. One of them, AI, promises many benefits in various fields, such as medicine, agriculture, or the military. On the other hand, AI advancement encompasses multifaceted risks and challenges, such as data privacy concerns, opaque decision-making, or discrimination against groups or individuals. AI and Big Data have gained more and more importance in military operations all over the globe. The German military has been trailing different approaches to AI-based early crisis detection applications. However, the more insights are gained about AI and the harm human errors in designing algorithms can cause, the more ethical concerns arise. Thus, this paper investigates which ethical challenges the German military is facing while testing and trying to implement AI-based early crisis detection systems.
"Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Methicillin – Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) In Hospital Patients"

Keyword: Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus Aureus; Staphylococcal Protein A; Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Mec (SCCmec); Mec Gene Complex; MECA; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequencing; Resistance; Epidemiology Staphylococcus spp. it is one of the genera most frequently implicated in the etiology of hospital infections, especially in nosocomial wards. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most frequently isolated pathogenic microorganisms in hospital infections, capable of causing septicemia and infections of the skin, respiratory system, and soft tissues. Furthermore, the spread of infections caused by the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) species is constantly increasing and is reaching worrying levels in various countries of the world, including Italy, in continuous and rapid expansion, even outside hospitals. In this study, strains of Staphylococcus with methicillin resistance in hospitalized patients were identified and characterized through a phenotypic and genotypic approach. In all the methicillin resistant strains analyzed, a high resistance to other classes of antibiotics tested was found, in accordance with the findings of the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) and numerous studies at national and world level. On some isolated MRSA strains, a molecular epidemiological study was conducted to understand the origin and spread of circulating clones. All these have been identified by molecular approach aimed at genetic research and identification, by means of Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST), typing of the Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec complex) and spa typing, typing of the repeated variable region of protein A.
High Expression of H2BC12 Predicts Poor Survival Outcome of Low-Grade Gliomas: A Study Based on TCGA Data

Purpose Low-grade gliomas (LGG) have highly variable clinical behaviors, with a high incidence of disease progression as 70% within ten years. Regardless of treatment combining surgery and radiotherapy or chemotherapy, LGG is still associated with adverse survival outcomes. Therefore, our study was performed to satisfy the increasing demand of novel sensitive biomarkers and therapeutic targets in treatment and diagnosis of LGG. Methods The TCGA data set was used to examine the relationship between H2BC12 expression and clinical pathologic characteristics. The significance of H2BC12 expression in prognosis was also investigated. In addition, H2BC12 expression-related pathways were enriched by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Association analysis of H2BC12 gene expression and immune infiltration was performed by single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Results Significantly up-regulated expression of H2BC12 mRNA was found in LGG tissue when compared to normal tissue and was proven to be diagnostic (have diagnostic significance) for LGG. In the meantime, high H2BC12 levels were associated with WHO grade, IDH status, 1p/19q codeletion, primary therapy outcome and histological type of LGG, and additionally, prognostic for adverse survival outcomes. In the multivariate analysis, high H2BC12 levels were identified to be an independent predictor for poor survival outcomes of LGG patients. Pathways in cancer, signaling by Wnt or PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, DNA repair, cellular senescence and DNA double strand break repair were differentially activated in the phenotype that positively associated with H2BC12. Conclusion H2BC12 is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of LGG.
SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Decreases Nanobody Binding and ACE2 Blocking Effectivity

The Delta variant spreads more rapidly than previous variants of SARS-CoV-2. This variant comprises several mutations on the receptor-binding domain (RBDDelta) of its spike glycoprotein, which binds to the peptidase domain (PD) of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors in host cells. The RBD–PD interaction has been targeted by antibodies and nanobodies to prevent viral infection, but their effectiveness against the Delta variant remains unclear. Here, we investigated RBDDelta–PD interactions in the presence and absence of nanobodies H11-H4, H11-D4, and Ty1 by performing 21.8 μs of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. Unbiased simulations revealed that Delta variant mutations strengthen RBD binding to ACE2 by increasing the hydrophobic interactions and salt bridge formation, but weaken interactions with H11-H4, H11-D4, and Ty1. Among these nanobodies H11-H4 and H11-D4 bind RBD without overlapping ACE2. They were unable to dislocate ACE2 from RBDDelta when bound side by side with ACE2 on RBD. Steered molecular dynamics simulations at comparable loading rates to high-speed atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments estimated lower rupture forces of the nanobodies from RBDDelta compared to ACE2. Our results suggest that existing nanobodies are less effective to inhibit RBDDelta–PD interactions and a new generation of nanobodies is needed to neutralize the Delta variant.
AN EVALUATION OF 4800BPS VOICE CODERS

In May 1987 the US. Department of Defense announced a survey of4800 bps voice coders and invitedany interested parties to submit voice coding algorithms for evaluation. The goals of the suruey were to identify a 4800 bps coder suitable for use in digital secure telephones, and to provide a snapshot of the current state of voice coding technology at that rate. Ten candidote algorithms were submitted by university, commercial, and gawrnment organizations. They were extensively tested for intelligibility, uoice quality, androbustnoss. and ratedon a set of criteria including complexity, error tolerance, coding delay, maturity, and expandability. This paper describes the eualuation process andpresents the results.
Bamlanivimab plus etesevimab treatment have a better outcome against COVID‐19: A meta‐analysis

Bamlanivimab is routinely used in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) worldwide. We performed a meta‐analysis to investigate the efficacy and safety of bamlanivimab treatment in patients with COVID‐19. We searched articles from Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and medRxiv between January 30, 2020 and August 5, 2021. We selected randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies with a control group to assess the efficiency of bamlanivimab in treating patients with COVID‐19. Our meta‐analysis retrieved three RCTs and seven cohort studies including 14 461 patients. Bmlanivimab may help outpatients to prevent hospitalization or emergency department visits (RR 0.41, 95%CI 0.29−0.58), reduce ICU admission (RR 0.47, 95%CI 0.23−0.92), and mortality (RR 0.32, 95%CI 0.13−0.77) from the disease. The combination of bamlanivimab and etesevimab may have a greater potential for positive treatment outcomes. Bamlanivimab has demonstrated clinical efficacy on mild or moderate ill patients with COVID‐19 to prevent hospitalization, reduce severity, and mortality from the disease. Combinations of bamlanivimab and etesevimab have a significant relative risk reduction for COVID‐related hospitalization or death for patients than the monotherapy 700 mg group. Well‐designed clinical trials to identify the clinical and biochemical characteristics in the COVID‐19 patients' population that could benefit from bamlanivimab or plus etesevimab are warranted in the future.
Biomechanical Analysis on the Foot under Normal and Abnormal Gait for Orthotics Design

The foot plays an important role in supporting the body and keeping body balance. An abnormal walking habit breaks the balance of the human body as well as the function of the foot. The foot orthotics which is designed to consider biomechanics effectively distributes the load of the human body on the sole of the foot. In this paper, gait analysis is performed for subjects wearing the orthotics. In this study, three male subjects were selected. The experimental apparatus consists of a plantar pressure analysis system and digital EMG system. The gait characteristics are simulated by ADAMS/LifeMOD. The COP (Center of Pressure), EMG and ground reaction force were investigated. As a result of gait analysis, the path of COP was improved and muscle activities were decreased with orthotics on the abnormal walking subjects.
A Precise Current Detection Method Using a Single Shunt and FET Rds(on) of a Low-Voltage Three-Phase Inverter

In this study, a low-voltage three-phase inverter was used alongside a shunt resistor to measure the current. However, it is known that this type of inverter and shunt resistor system has a region where the measurement of current is impossible due to structural limitations. As a result, many studies have focused on this region through the use of additional algorithms. Most studies measured current by forcibly adjusting the PWM duty in order to measure the current at the region where it could not be sensed. However, unfortunately, the total harmonic distortion (THD) increases in the current due to PWM adjustment. This causes an increase in torque ripple and inverter control instability. Therefore, in this paper, current was measured using the Rds(on) value between the drain source resistor when MOSFET was turned on and the Kalman filter in a low-voltage three-phase inverter with a single shunt. Additionally, the value was verified via comparison with the values achieved when a Hall-type current sensor and single shunt were used. As a result, this study confirmed that the inverter with a single shunt performs the same as a Hall-type sensor at the region where current cannot be detected.
DNA metabarcoding reveals the importance of gelatinous zooplankton in the diet of Pandalus borealis, a keystone species in the Arctic

Information about the dietary composition of a species is crucial to understanding their position and role in the food web. Increasingly, molecular approaches such as DNA metabarcoding are used in studying trophic relationships, not least because they may alleviate problems such as low taxonomic resolution or underestimation of digestible taxa in the diet. Here, we used DNA metabarcoding with universal primers for cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) to study the diet composition of the northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis), an Arctic keystone species with large socio‐economic importance. Across locations, jellyfish and chaetognaths were the most important components in the diet of P. borealis, jointly accounting for 40%–60% of the total read abundance. This dietary importance of gelatinous zooplankton contrasts sharply with published results based on stomach content analysis. At the same time, diet composition differed between fjord and shelf locations, pointing to different food webs supporting P. borealis in these two systems. Our study underlines the potential of molecular approaches to provide new insights into the diet of marine invertebrates that are difficult to obtain with traditional methods, and calls for a revision of the role of gelatinous zooplankton in the diet of the key Arctic species P. borealis, and in extension, Arctic food webs.
Evaluation of a new visco-elastic foam for automotive applications

The geometry and mechanical characteristics of the automotive seat greatly influences the occupant kinematics in rear-end collisions. The head restraint is important particularly with respect to soft tissue neck injuries. While several studies analysed the effect of geometrical properties of head restraints, little is reported on the potential to reduce such injury by changing the material of the head restraint padding, i.e. the underlying foam. This study investigates whether the head restraint foam alone can be tailored to reduce whiplash injury. A newly developed visco-elastic (VE) foam was chosen, because advanced energy absorption properties are expected to produce beneficial effects on the occupant motion. The behaviour of the visco-elastic foam was evaluated by performing impact pendulum tests. The most important novel property of the foam thereby consists of its broad temperature range over which it keeps its advantageous visco-elastic deformation properties, while sustaining the ability to dissipate energy. The tests indicated in particular a broad glass transition temperature resulting in a stable impact behaviour over a temperature range of 5°C to 35°C. Applying this foam as a head restraint padding material, several sled tests using a standard car seat were performed. The tests were conducted to mimic rear-end collisions with a delta-v of 16 km/h. A BioRID dummy was used as a human surrogate. For the seat tested, the change of the foam resulted only in minor changes at room temperature, while the standard foam exhibited adequate performance. Additional changes of the head restraint geometry were shown to have a larger beneficial influence on the occupant kinematics.
Hospitalization for Oral Health-Related Conditions of the Australian Ageing Population: Two Decades of Analysis

The burden of oral health care increases among older people, with a profound challenge in utilising dental services in primary dental care settings. This study aimed to analyse two decades of nationwide hospital separation patterns due to oral health-related conditions among older people. Ageing population data were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, including people aged 65 years and older. All principal diagnoses of oral health conditions (ICD-10-AM) were analysed in this study. The hospitalisation data included all separations of older people for the financial years 1998–1999 to 2018–2019. A total of 205,461 hospital separations were recorded for older people over a period of twenty-one years. More than 60% of these separations were collectively attributed to dental caries, disorders of teeth and supporting structures, diseases of the jaws, diseases of the pulp and periapical tissues. However, the average rate of separations per 10,000 people due to dental caries was the highest among the dental conditions (8.68). Furthermore, the remaining oral health-related conditions predict an annual percentage increase in the rate that would compromise their oral health quality of life. Dental caries and its sequela seem to be the leading cause for oral health-related hospital admissions in Australia for people aged 65 and older. This could be an indicator of the inadequacy of disease management in the primary dental care setting.
Forecasting Facing Economic Shifts, Climate Change and Evolving Pandemics

By its emissions of greenhouse gases, economic activity is the source of climate change which affects pandemics that in turn can impact badly on economies. Across the three highly interacting disciplines in our title, time-series observations are measured at vastly different data frequencies: very low frequency at 1000-year intervals for paleoclimate, through annual, monthly to intra-daily for current climate;weekly and daily for pandemic data;annual, quarterly and monthly for economic data, and seconds or nano-seconds in finance. Nevertheless, there are important commonalities to economic, climate and pandemic time series. First, time series in all three disciplines are subject to non-stationarities from evolving stochastic trends and sudden distributional shifts, as well as data revisions and changes to data measurement systems. Next, all three have imperfect and incomplete knowledge of their data generating processes from changing human behaviour, so must search for reasonable empirical modeling approximations. Finally, all three need forecasts of likely future outcomes to plan and adapt as events unfold, albeit again over very different horizons. We consider how these features shape the formulation and selection of forecasting models to tackle their common data features yet distinct problems. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
IT Innovation Fit, Misfit, and Organizational Performance: A Theoretical Model and Empirical Test in U.S. Manufacturing Plants*

This paper extends the dominant paradigm of IS innovation research by analyzing the extent to which organizations adopt electronic networking technologies (ENT) sub-optimally and measuring the implications on organizational performance. We advance the concept of innovation misfit by drawing on extant economic and organizational theories to develop a set of propositions linking the degree of misfit to productivity. Principal propositions are tested using a proprietary dataset of over 25,000 U.S. manufacturing plants. Empirical analysis supports the basic idea of innovation misfit, while raising new and interesting questions for future research.
Models for aeroservoelastic analysis with smart structures

Modal-based mathematical models for the analysis of control-augmented aeroelastic systems are expanded to facilitate the use of distributed strain actuators. Smart actuators are constructed of structural elements, such as piezoelectric patches, that change their shape due to electric inputs. When embedded in the structure, the deforming smart elements introduce structural strains that change the shape of the structure and, consequently, the aerodynamic load distribution. The voltage‐strain relations, the overdetermined nature of the elastic actuator‐ structure equilibrium, the relatively large number of involved interface coordinates, and the high importance of local strains that typically limit the actuator performance require substantial modifications in the modeling process compared to that with common control-surface actuators. Fictitious masses are used in a way that causes the inclusion of important actuator strain information in the modal data with a minimal increase in the number of structural states. A control mode is defined by the static deformations due to a unit static voltage command. Huge dummy masses may be used to generate the control modes as part of a standard normal-modes analysis. State-space aeroservoelastic equations are constructed by the use of the minimum-state rational aerodynamic approximation approach. Two options are given for the introduction of control forces: a direct application of the forces, and an indirect application through the control mode. A numerical application for an unmanned aerial vehicle with a piezoelectric-driven control surface demonstrates the two options and shows that the control-mode option has some numerical advantages.