Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Land Use/Land Cover Changes
on the Thermal Environment in Urbanization:
A Case Study of the Natural Wetlands Distribution
Area in Minjiang River Estuary, China

Under accelerated urbanization and high-intensity human activities, the natural wetlands distribution area (NWDA) in Minjiang River estuary faces the great challenge of a deteriorative urban thermal environment. This work aims to analyze the impact of land use/land cover (LULC) on the urban thermal environment and model wetland surface temperature disturbance characteristics during the process of urbanization. The study utilized the following methodological steps: (1) mapping of LULC spatial and temporal distribution through photo interpretation; (2) applying the mono-window algorithm to obtain the spatiotemporal patterns of land surface temperature (LST); (3) examining the correlation between LST and different LULC classes, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference moisture index (NDMI), and normalized difference impervious surface index (NDISI); and (4) exploring wetland surface temperature characteristics based on profile analysis and regression models. The results showed that the LST pattern depended on the LULC distribution; the high LST zones were mainly observed in the center of Fuzhou city, and the low LST zones were mainly observed in forest and river areas. Moreover, the urban thermal environment was influenced by both LULC classes and urban growth types. Finally, the positive relationship between LST and NDISI indicated an amplifying effect of the impervious surface for wetland surface temperature, while vegetation with high liquid water attenuated the regional high temperature. The obtained conclusions are expected to be beneficial in improving the design and management of the urban thermal environment.
Was ist und wozu dient Transdisziplinarität?

Disziplingrenzen in wissenschaftlicher Lehre und Forschung werden zunehmend überschritten. Zur Bezeichnung dieses Vorgangs werden die Begriffe Interdisziplinarität, Multidisziplinarität und Transdisziplinarität verwendet. Interdisziplinarität und Multidisziplinarität verbleiben im Raum von organisierter Wissenschaft. Transdisziplinarität im hier verwandten Sinne überschreitet (»trans«) das traditionelle Wissenschaftssystem. Sie bezieht Wissen ein, das als Erfahrungswissen (auch) außerhalb der Wissenschaft entsteht bzw. erworben wird. Über Informationen und Erfahrungen hinaus meint Erfahrungswissen, dass seine Entstehung und Geltung systematisch kontrolliert bzw. geprüft wird. Wie der Begriff »Wissen« anzeigt, ist »Erfahrungswissen« nicht definitiv oder eindeutig abgrenzbar von »wissenschaftlichem Wissen«. Der Artikel behandelt die Motive und Ziele von Transdisziplinarität, das dahinterstehende Verständnis des Verhältnisses von Theorie und Praxis, von normativer Offenheit und politischer Zielgerichtetheit z.B. im Begriff der »transformativen« Wissenschaft, die wissenschaftstheoretische Legitimation von »Transdisziplinarität« und ihr Verhältnis zu Begriffen wie Perspektivenvielfalt und Gemeinwohl.
Geological CO2 Capture and Storage with Flue Gas Hydrate Formation in Frozen and Unfrozen Sediments: Method Development, Real Time-Scale Kinetic Characteristics, Efficiency, and Clathrate Structural Transition

The climate system is changing globally, and there is substantial evidence that subsea permafrost and gas hydrate reservoirs are melting in high-latitude regions of the Earth, resulting in large volumes of CO2 (from organic carbon deposits) and CH4 (from gas hydrate reserves) venting into the atmosphere. Here, we propose the formation of flue gas hydrates in permafrost regions and marine sediments for both the geological storage of CO2 and the secondary sealing of CH4/CO2 release in one simple process, which could greatly reduce the cost of CO2 capture and storage (CCS). The kinetics of flue gas hydrate formation inside frozen and unfrozen sediments was investigated under realistic conditions using a highly accurate method and a well-characterized system. The results are detailed over a wide range of temperatures and different pressures at in situ time scales. It has been found that more than 92 mol % of the CO2 present in the injected flue gas could be captured under certain conditions. The effect of dif.
Detection of Mirai Malware Attacks in IoT Environments Using Random Forest Algorithms

The potential for Cyber-attacks against Internet of Thing (IoT) Infrastructure is enormous as devices run on pre-existing network infrastructure, for example Mirai Malware Attack. Network Forensics investigations require the Random Forest Algorithm which is used to perform classification and detection techniques for the Mirai Malware attack. The trials have been carried out using 5 attack scenarios and device types. The experimental results show that the RF algorithm achieves optimal performance with an average accuracy value of 95.01%, recall 90.82%, F1 Score 93.85% and the best precision value 99.23%. Besides, the Random Forest algorithm is suitable for very large data processing. The contribution of this research is to provide a recommendation that the RF Algorithm can be used to classify and identify Mirai malware attacks on the Internet of Things infrastructure.
Aqueous Extract of Newbouldia laevis Abrogates Cadmium-Induced Ovarian Dysfunction in Adult Wistar Rats

Background: The extract of Newbouldia laevis has been demonstrated to show antioxidant, antimicrobial, sedative, anticonvulsant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, hepatoprotective, anticancer, antiulcer, antihypertensive and antidiarrhea properties. However, its reproprotective effect is not well known. The present study was designed to investigate the ameliorative effect of Newbouldia laevis in cadmiuminduced ovarian dysfunction. Method: Adult female Wistar rats were randomly allotted into groups; Vehicle (received distilled water), cadmium-treated (received 5 mg/kg b.w.), N. laevis-treated (received 200 mg/kg b.w.) and cadmium + N. laevis-treated groups. Cadmium sulphate was administered for 3 days (i.p.) followed by oral administration of N. laevis for 28 days. The body weight change was monitored using animal weighing balance (Olympia SCL66110 model, Kent Scientific Corporation, Torrington, CT06790, USA), biochemical assay and histology of ovaries were performed as previously described. Results: The results showed weight loss, severe disruption of ovarian follicles and significant reduction of gonadotropic hormones (FSH and LH) in cadmium-treated group compared with vehicle-treated group. These alterations were not associated with inflammatory response. However, concomitant administration of aqueous extract of N. laevis and cadmium sulphate significantly ameliorated ovarian disruption. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that administration of aqueous extract of N. laevis during treatment with cadmium sulphate preserves ovarian function, suggesting that possibly daily intake of aqueous extract of N. laevis prevents the onset of ovarian disorders.
Comparison of equatorial wave activity in the tropical tropopause layer and stratosphere represented in reanalyses

Abstract. Equatorial Kelvin and mixed Rossby–gravity (MRG) waves in the tropical tropopause layer and stratosphere represented in recent reanalyses for the period of 1981–2010 are compared in terms of spectral characteristics, spatial structures, long-term variations, and their forcing of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). For both wave types, the spectral distributions are broadly similar among most of the reanalyses, while the peak amplitudes exhibit considerable spread. The longitudinal distributions and spatial patterns of wave perturbations show reasonable agreement between the reanalyses. A few exceptions to the similarity of the spectral shapes and spatial structures among them are also noted. While the interannual variations of wave activity appear to be coherent for both the Kelvin and MRG waves, there is substantial variability in long-term trends among the reanalyses. Most of the reanalyses which assimilate satellite data exhibit large increasing trends in wave variance (∼15 %–50 % increase in 30 years at 100–10 hPa), whereas one reanalysis (Japanese 55-year Reanalysis assimilating conventional observations only; JRA-55C) produced without satellite data does not. Several discontinuities are found around 1998 in the time series of the Kelvin and MRG wave variances, which manifest in different ways depending on the reanalysis, and are indicative of impacts of the transition of satellite measurements during that year. The equatorial wave forcing of the QBO, estimated by the Eliassen–Palm (EP) flux divergence, occurs in similar phase-speed ranges in the lower stratosphere among the reanalyses. However, the EP flux and its divergence are found to be dependent on the zonal-mean winds represented in reanalyses, exhibiting different magnitudes, altitudes, and phase-speed ranges of the Kelvin wave forcing between the reanalyses, especially at 20–10 hPa. In addition, at around 20 hPa, a wave signal which appears only in easterly mean winds with westward phase speeds is found and discussed.
Hydrothermal synthesis of manganese oxide and nitrogen doped graphene (NG-MnO2) nanohybrid for visible light degradation of methyl orange dye

ABSTRACT MnO2 nanoparticles and its nanocomposite with nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) have been fabricated via simple hydrothermal synthesis procedure using water as a solvent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the as-prepared samples was used to ascertain the phase purity and crystallite size. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to study the surface features and particle size of the synthesised samples. The photocatalytic ability of the methyl orange (MO) dye with bare MnO2 and its hybrid with nitrogen-doped graphene (NG-MnO2) wer compared with visible light prompted degradation of the dye in absence of these catalysts. The prepared nanohybrid (NG-MnO2) showed improved photocatalytic efficacy as compared to the pure MnO2 nanoparticles. The strong ferromagnetic character of nanohybrid helps in easy separation of catalyst even with a bar magnet. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Leaching of a Mongolian chalcopyrite concentrate

A Mongolian chalcopyrite flotation concentrate was leached using sodium hypochlorite adjusted to different pH using hydrochloric acid. It was found that using a starting pH of below 5.0 resulted in more efficient leaching. The extent of chalcopyrite leaching was determined by the concentration of sodium hypochlorite with > 40% dissolution being achieved. The residue after leaching was found to consist primarily of unreacted chalcopyrite which would be suitable for further leaching or smelting.
Experimental study of aerodynamic resuspension of RDX residue

Abstract Residues of hazardous substances, such as chemical compounds with low vapor pressure, radioactive particles, or biological contamination can remain on surfaces for a prolonged period of time. The fate of these particles partially depends on the aerodynamic resuspension rates from the surfaces that are a function of particle and surface properties as well as the environmental conditions. The aerodynamic resuspension can be used for non-contact surface sampling. The removal rates of microscopic explosive trimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) particles from smooth glass surfaces in a controlled flow environment are investigated in this paper. The shear stress in the flow cell is calculated using computational fluid dynamics as a function of velocity. The RDX particle samples are prepared by dry transfer. Particle sizes and morphologies are measured by 3D scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical profilometry. The resuspension rates are calculated based on the changes in the total coverage area before and after exposure to aerodynamic forces. These rates are correlated with wall shear stresses, particle size, and morphology. For non-spherical particles, the removal rates are proportional to the particle shape factor defined as a ratio of particle height to the projected equivalent diameter. Copyright © 2019 American Association for Aerosol Research
P immobilizing materials for lake internal loading control: A review towards future developments

Abstract Eutrophication is a continuously growing problem that threatens the water quality of freshwater resources. A relatively simple and effective way to treat eutrophicated waters can be achieved through the application of chemicals. Such chemicals can restore affected waters by immobilizing phosphorus (P) in water and sediments via precipitation or adsorption. However, most chemicals can be ineffective, hazardous to the environment, or costly under certain lake system conditions. Consequentially, there is a need for new alternatives. Accordingly, the authors present a comprehensive review aimed at identifying practical ways to select chemicals to better control P internal loading. Possible routes leading to the development of improved chemicals are also discussed.
An Untethered Magnetic‐ and Light‐Responsive Rotary Gripper: Shedding Light on Photoresponsive Liquid Crystal Actuators

Here, a remotely controlled dual magneto‐ and photoresponsive soft robotic gripper is reported, capable of loading, transport, rotation, and release of cargo. The untethered soft actuator consists of a magnetically responsive polydimethylsiloxane layer containing magnetic iron powder coated onto the central region of a light‐responsive liquid crystal polymer film hosting photochromic azobenzene dyes. Light is used to trigger the actuator to autonomously grab and pick up cargo with a high degree of control. Magnetic response is employed to conduct the locomotion as magnetic guidance, allowing the gripper to have both translational freedom and rotational freedom in its locomotion, differentiating the device from other soft robotic grippers. Control can be attained even in enclosed and/or confined spaces, through solely remote actuation. Through combined video, mechanical, and thermal analyses, the actuation mechanism of the light‐responsive liquid crystal network is investigated, shedding light on the decisive role of the temperature evolution in governing both rate of motion and deformation amplitude of the light‐responsive soft actuator.
Mutagenic effects of Sodium azide (NaN3) on morphological characteristics on two varieties of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill)

The Impact of Sodium Azide on the Germination and Growth of Two Varieties of Tomato was investigated with the aim of inducing variability that could be exploited in the improvement of some quality traits in tomato plants. The seeds of two varieties of Tomato (Roma and UC82B) were treated with three different concentrations of Sodium Azide (0.1mM, 1.0 mM, 2.0 mM and 0.0 mM as control). The result obtained revealed a highly significant differences (P≤0.01) in the effects of Sodium Azide on seedlings heights, Height at maturity, fruit weight, pericarp thickness, number of leaves and pH(Potential of Hydrogen) Significant improvement (P≤0.05) was also recorded in fruit diameter, while no significance difference was found on Root dry weight. The result revealed that Sodium Azide improve important quality traits in tomato. However, the response of variety UC82B to Sodium Azide was higher. More so, significant differences were observed between the seasons except in the number of leaves, fruit number, pericarp thickness and fruit diameter. It was concluded that 0.1 mM of Sodium Azide improve some quality traits of tomato that could be utilized in the improvement of tomato. Key Words : Sodium Azide, Tomato, Mutation, Varieties, Morphology, UC82B, Roma.
Hepato-protective Effects of Crude Phenol and Petroleum Spirit Root Extracts of Calotropis procera (Sodom of Apple) on CCL4 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats

ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 02 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com The efficiency of current synthetic agents in treating chronic liver disease is not satisfactory and they have undesirable side effects. The effects of crude phenol root extracts of Calotropis procera, petroleum spirit root extracts of Calotropis procera (PRECP, PSRECP) and livolin on liver function indices of ccl4 induced hepatotoxicity rats model was evaluated. Fifty (50) albino rats were grouped into Five (I, II, III, IV and V) of 10 rats each, 120mg/kg body weight ccl4 diluted with olive oil in the ratio 1:1 was administered to rats in groups II, III, IV and V intramuscularly followed by oral administration of 10mg/kg livolin, 10mg/kg, crude phenol and petroleum spirit root extracts of C. Procera to group III, IV and V respectively. Groups I and II serves as positive and test control respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for multiple comparison test were used to compare the indices of the liver and kidney functions for the test and control group at 10 days interval for 20 days. The hepatic biochemical markers Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT), Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatases (ALP) of group Gp II were significantly higher (P<0.001) compared to gpi, while group III (treated with livolin) was statistically decreased (P<0.05) when compared with control (Gp I), this confirms the toxicity and treatment with livolin respectively. Oral administrations of the PRECP lowered all the liver function markers and increased the concentration of urea and albumin after 20 days of exposure. This indicates that PRECP may reverse the chemically induced tissue damage; in contrast, PSRECP produced toxicity at both exposures as evidenced from the histopathology of the liver hepatocytes. The histopathological analysis of PERCP indicates improved fine architecture of the liver and kidney cells which are comparable to livolin treated group. In conclusion, the overall results suggest that ethanol root extracts of C. Procera may have moderate hepatocurative effects when compared to methanol extracts. K e y w o r d s Hepatotoxicity, hepatoprotective, livolin, hepatocytes, Calotropis Procera Accepted: 20 January 2019 Available Online: 10 February 2019 Article Info Int.J.Curr.Microbiol. App.Sci (2019) 8(2): 2733-2743
Case 3850 – Micruridae Dunn, 1931 (Reptilia, Serpentes) and Lineidae McIntosh, 1874 (Nemertea, Pilidiophora): proposed conservation by suppression of Micruridae Ehrenberg, 1831 (Nemertea, Pilidiophora)

Abstract. The purposes of this application, under Articles 23.9. 3 and 55.3. 1 of the Code, are to conserve the current usage of (1) the family-group name Micruridae Dunn, 1931 (Reptilia, Serpentes) for a family (sometimes treated as a subfamily) of New World coral snakes that frequently appear in literature pertaining not only to certain fields of herpetology but also to emergency medical care in Latin America; and (2) the nemertean family-group name Lineidae McIntosh, 1874, by suppression of their senior homonym/ synonym Micruridae Ehrenberg, 1831 (Nemertea, Pilidiophora). The nemertean taxon Micrurinae was recognised as a subfamily of Lineidae until the early 20th century, but not since at least the 1970s. Afterwards, at the rank of family, Micruridae was used to refer to a differently constituted nemertean taxon in three ecological works published between 1998 and 2009.
Fused Heptacyclic-Based Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor Small Molecules: N-Substitution toward High-Performance Solution-Processable Field-Effect Transistors

Although various donor–acceptor (D–A) small molecules with high power conversion efficiency have been reported, D–A small molecules with high field-effect mobility are still rare. In this work, two new A–D–A small molecules with a rigid indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene (IDTT) moiety as the central core and both ends capped with strong electron-withdrawing indole-2,3-dione (IDD) and N-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2,3-dione (IDD-N) were synthesized and characterized for applications in solution-processable organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). A N atom was introduced to the IDD units to enhance the planarity and structural ordering by noncovalent interactions, leading to a dramatic effect on the small molecule. The unsubstituted small molecule (IDTT–IDD) did not show any field-effect performance, whereas an encouraging hole mobility of 7.7 cm2 V–1 s–1 with an average mobility of 6.1 cm2 V–1 s–1 was obtained for solution-processable OFETs based on the N-substituted one (IDTT–IDD-N). This work provi.
In vitro Characterization and Evaluation of Commercialized Paracetamol Products in Jordan

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is one of the most commonly used antipyretic and analgesic drugs worldwide. It is the drug of choice for patients with bronchial asthma, hemophilia, salicylate hypersensitivity, peptic ulcer, and pregnant or breastfeeding women who cannot be treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It is marketed and manufactured by many pharmaceutical companies, which necessitates the requirement of quality control investigation. A post-market evaluation was conducted on five commercial paracetamol products (500 mg) available in Jordan, which involved quality control testing in terms of dissolution, disintegration, weight variation, and glass transition temperature (Tg) determination using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Dissolution and disintegration of the five products were compared under two different conditions, compendial United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) and non-compendial. Compendial experiments were conducted under pH 5.8, and non-compendial testing was carried out under pH 1.2. Results revealed variations in the dissolution patterns at the different pH conditions for the same formulation. Generally, faster dissolution was observed when testing the dissolution in compendial USP conditions; pH 5.8 compared to pH 1.2. Disintegration was also affected by pH in the tested formulations. Tg detected via DMTA of the tested formulation was ranged from 18.82 ± 0.77 °C to 23.13 ± 2.46 °C. No correlation was found between Tg variation and drug dissolution. In general, all products met the compendial requirements despite their differences in the early stages of dissolution profiles. Our work highlights the importance of post-market quality control testing of generic equivalents of immediate release dosage forms, which is essential for improving upon existing formulations. It also introduces DMTA as an informative tool for detecting thermal transitions of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in solid oral dosage forms.