Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From olivine to ringwoodite: a TEM study of a complex process

The study of shock metamorphism of olivine might help to constrain impact events in the history of meteorites. Although shock features in olivine are well known, so far, there are processes that are not yet completely understood. In shock veins, olivine clasts with a complex structure, with a ringwoodite rim and a dense network of lamellae of unidentified nature in the core, have been reported in the literature. A highly shocked (S5‐6), L6 meteorite, Asuka 09584, which was recently collected in Antarctica by a Belgian–Japanese joint expedition, contains this type of shocked olivine clasts and has been, therefore, selected for detailed investigations of these features by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Petrographic, geochemical, and crystallographic studies showed that the rim of these shocked clasts consists of an aggregate of nanocrystals of ringwoodite, with lower Mg/Fe ratio than the unshocked olivine. The clast's core consists of an aggregate of iso‐oriented grains of olivine and wadsleyite, with higher Mg/Fe ratio than the unshocked olivine. This aggregate is crosscut by veinlets of nanocrystals of olivine, with extremely low Mg/Fe ratio. The formation of the ringwoodite rim is likely due to solid‐state, diffusion‐controlled, transformation from olivine under high‐temperature conditions. The aggregate of iso‐oriented olivine and wadsleyite crystals is interpreted to have formed also by a solid‐state process, likely by coherent intracrystalline nucleation. Following the compression, shock release is believed to have caused opening of cracks and fractures in olivine and formation of olivine melt, which has lately crystallized under postshock equilibrium pressure conditions as olivine.
Treatment of acute ischemic stroke: Part II: neuroprotection and medical management.

Recanalization is the primary focus during the first hours after onset of ischemic stroke. However, preservation or neuroprotection of ischemic brain tissue by other means, prevention of stroke complications such as pneumonia and deep venous thrombosis, maximization of neural function of the surviving brain, and the start of therapies to prevent recurrent stroke are also important treatment goals. Part II of this review of acute stroke therapy focuses on these important elements of stroke care. Neuroprotective agents have been extensively tested in randomized trials of acute ischemic stroke, and no agent has been proven effective, despite promising results in animal models.1–3⇓⇓ The principle of neuroprotection after global brain ischemia, however, was recently demonstrated in 2 published trials of rapidly applied hypothermia in patients who had been resuscitated after cardiac arrest.4,5⇓ In an Australian study,4 77 patients were randomly assigned to treatment with normothermia or hypothermia (core body temperature reduction to 33°C) within 2 hours after the return of spontaneous circulation and maintained at the temperature for 12 hours. Hypothermia was started in the field by the paramedics, and the core temperature was decreased by 1.4° during the first 120 minutes after restoration of spontaneous circulation. The odds ratio for a good outcome was 5.25 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.47 to 18.76). There were no significant differences in the frequency of adverse events. The second study randomized 275 patients who had been successfully resuscitated from a cardiac arrest to normothermia or hypothermia (32° to 34°C) over 24 hours.5 The median interval between restoration of circulation and initiation of cooling was 105 minutes. The likelihood of a favorable outcome at 6 months in the hypothermia group (55%) was significantly better than that for the normothermia group (39%, risk ratio 1.40; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.81). …
Understanding the effect of oil on phytoremediation of PCB co-contamination in transformer oil using Chromolaena odorata

Abstract Greenhouse assessment of the effect of oil on Chromolaena odorata ability to remove PCB from soil treated with transformer oil co-contaminated with Aroclor 1260 was done. Plants were transplanted into one kilogram of soil contained in 1 L pots differently containing 100, 200, and 500 ml of transformer oil (T/O), co-contaminated with 100 ppm of Aroclor. Treatments were done in two microcosms; direct contamination and soil cultured method. Measured plant growth parameters showed that C. odorata growth was affected by the different concentrations of oil. Inhibition of plant growth by oil increased with concentrations. At the end of six weeks, plant growth was affected in T/O amended soil. Plants size was increased by 1.4, 0.46 and −1.0% in direct treatment and 17.01, 6.09 and 1.08% in soil culture at the 100, 200 and 500 ppm respectively. Untreated control showed a 43.07% increase. Slight PCB recovery was observed in root tissues of C. odorata but soil PCB was reduced by 66.6, 53.2, 41.5% and 77.3, 74.7, 58.8% at both treatments in their respective concentrations of oil. However, unplanted control was reduced by 21.4 and 16.7% in the two treatments at 66,000 ppm of oil. This study has shown that with improved agronomic practices, there is a possibility of phytoremediation of soil PCB from PCB contained transformer oil contaminated soil using Chromolaena odorata, hence it should be optimized in the field.
Edgeless Cities: Exploring the Elusive Metropolis

Edgeless cities are a sprawling form of development that accounts for the bulk of office space found outside of downtowns. Every major metropolitan area has them: vast swaths of isolated buildings that are neither pedestrian friendly, nor easily accessible by public transit, and do not lend themselves to mixed use. While critics of urban sprawl tend to focus on the social impact of "edge cities" udevelopments that combine large-scale office parks with major retail and housing uedgeless cities, despite their ubiquity, are difficult to define or even locate. While they stay under the radar of critics, they represent a significant departure in the way American cities are built and are very likely the harbingers of a suburban future almost no one has anticipated. Edgeless Cities explores America's new metropolitan form by examining the growth and spatial structure of suburban office space across the nation. Inspired by Myron Orfield's groundbreaking Metropolitics (Brookings, 1997), Robert Lang uses data, illustrations, maps, and photos to delineate between two types of suburban office development ubounded and edgeless. The book covers the evolving geography of rental office space in thirteen of the country's largest markets, which together contain more than 2.6 billion square feet of office space and 26,000 buildings: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Washington. Lang discusses how edgeless cities differ from traditional office areas. He also provides an overview of national, regional, and metropolitan office markets, covers ways to map and measure them, and discusses the challenges urban policymakers and practitioners will face as this new suburban form continues to spread. Until now, edgeless cities have been the unstudied phenomena of the new metropolis. Lang's conceptual approach reframes the current thinking on suburban sprawl and provides a valuable resource for future policy discussions surrounding smart growth issues.
Multifaceted clinical effects of acetazolamide: will the underlying mechanisms please stand up?

in this issue, pickerodt and colleagues ([7][1]) showed for the first time that the acetazolamide (AZ) analog N -methyl acetazolamide (NMA), lacking carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibiting activity, substantially reduced the acute hypoxia-induced increases in mean pulmonary arterial pressure [hypoxic
Mecanismos patogénicos de los anticuerpos antifosfolípidos

The antiphospolipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by recurrent fetal loss, thrombotic events (arterial or venous) and hemocytopenic disorders associated to high titers of circulating aPL. Two variants of the APS have been described. Primary APS is a clinical entity without evidence of any other autoimmune disease and secondary APS is a clinical disorder mainly associated with Systemic Lupus Erithematosus (SLE). aPL are a widely group of immunoglobulins directed against different components or proteins factors. In 1990 three groups of researchers identified that �2GP-I is the mainly antigenic target of aPL in APS patients. There are evidences that show that more than one pathogenic mechanism is involved in the development of the APS. The best documented clinical manifestations associated with the APS are recurrent fetal loss and thrombotic disorders. The latter is based on observations in vivo in animal models and in vitro on the effects caused by a�2GP-I antibodies from patients with APS or from animals which cause experimental APS. The objective of the present paper is to show the pathogenic mechanisms that participate in the development of the APS. We also presented evidence that shows that a�2GP-I induces pro-inflammatory, pro-adhesive and pro-coagulant disorder. © 2009 Elsevier Espa˜
Examining Guyots in the Mid‐Pacific Mountains

The Western Pacific is strewn with chains and clusters of seamounts, many of which are now flat-topped submarine seamounts, or guyots, with summit depths of about 1500 m. Many guyots are capped by shallow-water carbonate platform sediments overlying volcanic substrate. Guyot sediments can serve as “dip sticks” to monitor subsidence rates and relative changes in sea level for times when upward carbonate-platform growth occurred during tectonic subsidence of their foundations. Such sediments encode the timing and sense of sea-level rises and falls in their mineralogy, textures, and fossils. Guyot volcanic pedestals preserve, in their mineralogy and chemistry, clues to the nature of their parent mantle materials and the processes of melt extraction and differentiation.
Evolution of newly formed aerosol particles in the continental boundary layer: A case study including OH and H2SO4 measurements

An event of new particle formation is presented, based on simultaneous measurements of aerosol number size distributions, relevant gaseous components including H2SO4 and OH, and meteorological parameters. Measurements were conducted at Hohenpeissenberg, a rural continental mountain site in southern Germany. The event was observed under intense solar radiation, with total particle number concentrations increasing from 6000 to 25000 cm−3 within one hour, and ultrafine particles (3–11 nm) accounting for more than 50% of total number. Observed OH and H2SO4 concentrations reached maximum levels around 107 cm−3. A lower limit of the particle nucleation rate was estimated to be 3 cm−3·s−1, consistent with present models of ternary nucleation involving the H2SO4‐H2O‐NH3 system. Roughly 80% of the subsequent drop in ultrafine mode particle number concentration could be explained by coagulation. The observed particle growth rate of 2.1±0.1 nm/h was largely attributed to the condensation of measured H2SO4, assuming neutralization by ammonia.
Has Western Transport Improvement Promoted Economic Growth in China's Sichuan Ethnic Area? Evidence from Statistical Yearbook Data from 2000 to 2010

The objective of this research is to provide a systematic examination of an neglected question: the effect of transport improvement is not always positive on economic growth in China's Sichuan Ethnic Area. Our findings show that only tertiary industry and transport improvement benefit from each other through movement of goods, what is surprising is that the population mobility has no direct effect on local economic growth.
Early 21st‐Century Drought in Mexico

Prolonged drought conditions have persisted over western North America since at least 1999, affecting snowpack, stream discharge, reservoir levels, and wildfire activity [Mote et al., 2005; Westerling et al., 2006; MacDonald et al., 2008]. Instrumental precipitation, temperature, and Palmer Drought Severity Indices (PDSI) indicate that severe and sustained drought began in 1994 in Mexico, where it has continued with only limited relief for the past 15 years. This late twentieth-and early 21st-century Mexican drought (referred to below as the [early 21st-century drought]) has equaled some aspects of the 1950s drought, which is the most severe drought evident in the instrumental climate record for Mexico (1900–2008). Large-scale changes in ocean-atmospheric circulation have contributed to the lower than normal precipitation that has led to the current drought [Seager, 2007], but global warming and the sharp regional warming across Mexico, which appears to have been aggravated by land cover changes [Englehart and Douglas, 2005], may have added an anthropogenic component to the early 21st-century drought.
Restoring Atlantic white-cedar swamps: techniques for propagation and establishment.

There has been much recent interest in restoring white-cedar swamps along the Atlantic Coast of the United States. Awareness of the ecological role of wetlands in keeping our environment healthier has combined with demand for cedar products to produce a drive to develop better methods to propagate and establish young cedars. This paper discusses unique features of cedar swamp ecosystems, natural regeneration methods, protection from deer, the use of herbicides, and nursery propagation and cedar swamp restoration by planting seedlings or rooted cuttings. Current research is noted, with references. Tree Planters' Notes 46(3):78-85; 1995. Atlantic white-cedar, Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S.P (figures 1 and 2), is an obligate wetland species occupying swamps along the Atlantic Coast from central Maine south to Florida and westward along the Gulf Coast to the southeastern corner of Mississippi (figure 3). The western Florida population is sometimes regarded as a separate subspecies, ssp. henryae (Li 1962; Little 1966, 1979). Most cedar swamps lie along the Coastal Plain from New Jersey southward, but a few are perched atop mountains at some distance inland, as at High Point, New Jersey (1,500 feet elevation, 90 miles inland). The largest natural areas containing cedar swamps are in eastern North Carolina, southeastern New Jersey; and northwestern Florida (figure 3). Currently, the area occupied by cedar swamps or wetlands (5 to 95% cedar) rangewide is about 115,000 acres, according to foresters and conservationists surveyed in spring 1995. This includes typical cedar swamps from the Carolinas to Maine and sandy streamside forests in western Florida and the Mobile Bay area (Ward and Clewell 1989). At the time of European settlement, there was much more, perhaps 500,000 acres.
Dependence of Model-Simulated Heavy Rainfall on the Horizontal Resolution during the Jakarta Flood Event in January-February 2007

Time-lagged ensemble downscaling experiments with Japan Meteorological Agency-Nonhydrostatic model are performed to study the dependence of heavy precipitation simulated by the model on the horizontal resolution for five days during late January to early February 2007, when the Jakarta Flood event occurred. The model runs with horizontal resolutions of 2, 4, and 5 km downscaled from the model runs with a 20-km resolution demonstrate the ability to reproduce a region of strong convective activity to the north of Java Island during the event. Daily meridional propagation of enhanced precipitation signals is simulated in the model runs with 2- and 4-km resolutions.Cumulative distribution functions of precipitation rate in the model are analyzed for four different regions: ocean, northern coast, mountain, and southern coast. The northern coast region shows the highest contribution of heavy precipitation compared to other regions for all the experiments as well as for satellite-based precipitation estimates. The statistics on the frequency of heavy precipitation show that the diurnal variation of heavy precipitation produced by the model with a 2-km resolution agrees well with that of satellite-based precipitation estimates.
O -GlcNAcylation alters the selection of mRNAs for translation and promotes 4E-BP1-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction in retina

Diabetes promotes the post-translational modification of proteins by O- linked addition of N-acetylglucosamine ( O- GlcNAcylation) to Ser/Thr residues of proteins and thereby contributes to diabetic complications. In the retina of diabetic mice, the repressor of mRNA translation eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) is O-GlcNAcylated and sequestration of the cap-binding and 4E-BP DKO mice by administration of streptozotocin (STZ). Non-diabetic controls were administered vehicle (Veh). Whole eyes were isolated, cryosectioned into sagittally-oriented longitudinal cross sections, stained with Hoechst, and exposed to 2,7-dichlorofluoroscein (DCF). Retinas were evaluated 24 h after TMG administration ( A-B. ) or after 4 weeks of diabetes ( C-D .). DCF fluorescence and nuclear staining were evaluated by confocal laser microscopy ( A. & C. ) and relative DCF fluoresence was quantified ( B. & D. ). Results are representative of two experiments (n =
Arc-support Line Segments Revisited: An Efficient and High-quality Ellipse Detection

Over the years many ellipse detection algorithms spring up and are studied broadly, while the critical issue of detecting ellipses accurately and efficiently in real-world images remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose a valuable industry-oriented ellipse detector by arc-support line segments, which simultaneously reaches high detection accuracy and efficiency. To simplify the complicated curves in an image while retaining the general properties including convexity and polarity, the arc-support line segments are extracted, which grounds the successful detection of ellipses. The arc-support groups are formed by iteratively and robustly linking the arc-support line segments that latently belong to a common ellipse. Afterward, two complementary approaches, namely, locally selecting the arc-support group with higher saliency and globally searching all the valid paired groups, are adopted to fit the initial ellipses in a fast way. Then, the ellipse candidate set can be formulated by hierarchical clustering of 5D parameter space of initial ellipses. Finally, the salient ellipse candidates are selected and refined as detections subject to the stringent and effective verification. Extensive experiments on three public datasets are implemented and our method achieves the best F-measure scores compared to the state-of-the-art methods. The source code is available at this https URL.
Azetidinimines as a novel series of non-covalent broad-spectrum inhibitors of β -lactamases with submicromolar activities against carbapenemases of classes A, B and D

The rise of resistances in Gram negative bacteria is reaching an extremely worrying situation and one of the main causes of resistance is the massive spread of very efficient β-lactamases, which render most β-lactam antibiotics useless. Herein, we report the development of a series of imino-analogs of β-lactams (namely azetidinimines) as efficient non-covalent inhibitors of β-lactamases. Despite the structural and mechanistic differences between serine-β-lactamases KPC-2 and OXA-48 and metallo-betalactamase NDM-1, all three enzymes can be inhibited at a submicromolar level by compound 7dfm , which can also repotentiate imipenem against a resistant strain of Escherichia coli expressing NDM-1. We show that this compound
Restless Legs Syndrome Related to Vortioxetine A Case Report

withdrawal and prevention of relapse is essential. Taken together, we show that detoxification of phenibut using baclofen in combination with diazepam might be a safe and effective option for patients with combined phenibut and benzodiazepine dependence. Monitoring withdrawal symptoms, especially mood, anxiety, and irritability, is of major importance. Given the pharmacological profile of baclofen, one might speculate that substitution therapy with baclofen could be a safe option for patients failing tomaintain abstinence, aswe recently showed for GHB-dependent patients. Further studies are needed to confirm the potential of baclofen for treating phenibut dependence. Written informed consent was obtained.
The first specimen of the Middle Triassic Phalarodon atavus (Ichthyosauria: Mixosauridae) from South China, showing postcranial anatomy and peri‐Tethyan distribution

Phalarodon atavus from the Germanic Muschelkalk Basin was previously represented only by cranial elements. Here we report a nearly complete and articulated specimen of P. atavus from the Middle Triassic Luoping Biota, Yunnan, South China. This is the first specimen of P. atavus from outside the Germanic Basin. This discovery demonstrates a peri‐Tethyan distribution of P. atavus. The new specimen is also the first one preserving the postcranial anatomy of this species, providing the opportunity to evaluate its sustained swimming ability. Inferences made on its functional morphology suggest that this species was probably adapted for active foraging. Tooth crown morphology suggests that P. atavus may have preferred externally soft prey.
Meat Science: An Introductory Text

1. Producing and Eating Meat 2. The Growth and Body Composition of Animals 3. The Chemical Composition and Structure of Meat 4. The Slaughter of Animals 5. Post-mortem Changes in Muscle and its Conversion into Meat 6. Meat Quality 7. The Effects of Live Animal Handling on Carcass and Meat Quality 8. Post-mortem Handling of Carcasses and Meat Quality 9. Meat Hygiene, Spoilage and Preservation 10. Animal Welfare 11. The Improvement of Carcass and Meat Quality by Genetic Selection 12. Measuring the Composition and Physical Characteristics of Meat 13. Assessing Eating Quality.
Deindustrialization, Inner-City Decay, and the Hierarchical Diffusion of AIDS in the USA: How Neoliberal and Cold War Policies Magnified the Ecological Niche for Emerging Infections and Created a National Security Crisis

AIDS is well known to have diffused hierarchically among US metropolitan regions, from the larger to the smaller, along national travel routes. Here we relate that diffusion to economic and social policy, by using approaches from population and community ecology and quantitative geography. We find that patterns of deindustrialization driven by cold war policies have interacted synergistically with the ‘planned shrinkage’ hollowing-out of poor minority inner-city communities, and with the canonical national travel pattern dominated by the largest cities, to create conditions for the rapid spread of emerging infections. Application of this model to AIDS explains over 92% of the variance in observed case numbers through June 1995 for the 25 largest US metropolitan regions containing 113 million people. ‘Resilience’ analysis of the empirical AIDS model reveals that emerging infections, social disintegration, and national travel patterns constitute a sensitive ‘resonant eigensystem’ which greatly amplifies the impact of such perturbations as recent draconian welfare ‘reforms’. We conclude that ‘neoliberal’ and cold war policies have eroded the foundations of public health in the USA to the extent that emerging infections, including multiple-drug-resistant tuberculosis, now constitute a serious security threat. Remedies must include significant progressive reforms, which we discuss at some length, to correct a long-term policy imbalance whose consequences have placed at increasing risk a large and growing fraction of the country's population.