Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unplanned ICU transfer from post-anesthesia care unit following cerebral surgery: A retrospective study

Background Unplanned transfer to intensive care unit (ICU) lead to reduced trust of patients and their families in medical staff and challenge medical staff to allocate scarce ICU resources. This study aimed to explore the incidence and risk factors of unplanned transfer to ICU during emergence from general anesthesia after cerebral surgery, and to provide guidelines for preventing unplanned transfer from post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) to ICU following cerebral surgery. Methods This was a retrospective case-control study and included patients with unplanned transfer from PACU to ICU following cerebral surgery between January 2016 and December 2020. The control group comprised patients matched (2:1) for age ({+/-}5 years), sex, and operation date ({+/-}48 hours) as those in the case group. Stata14.0 was used for statistical analysis, and p <0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results A total of 11,807 patients following cerebral surgery operations were cared in PACU during the study period. Of the 11,807 operations, 81 unscheduled ICU transfer occurred (0.686%). Finally, 76 patients were included in the case group, and 152 in the control group. The following factors were identified as independent risk factors for unplanned ICU admission after neurosurgery: low mean blood oxygen (OR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.20-2.04), low mean albumin (OR=1.14, 95%CI: 1.03-1.25), slow mean heart rate (OR=1.04, 95%CI: 1.00-1.08), blood transfusion (OR=2.78, 95%CI: 1.02-7.58), emergency surgery (OR=3.08, 95%CI: 1.07-8.87), lung disease (OR=2.64, 95%CI: 1.06-6.60), and high mean blood glucose (OR=1.71, 95%CI: 1.21-2.41). Conclusion We identified independent risk factors for unplanned transfer from PACU to ICU after cerebral surgery based on electronic medical records. Early identification of patients who may undergo unplanned ICU transfer after cerebral surgery is important to provide guidance for accurately implementing a patient's level of care.
The personal/subpersonal distinction was first explicitly drawn by Daniel Dennett in 1969 and elaborated on in 1978, when it was put forward as a distinction between two types of psychological explanation or theory

Daniel Dennett’s distinction between personal and subpersonal explanations was fundamental in establishing the philosophical foundations of cognitive science. Since it was first introduced in 1969, the personal/subpersonal distinction has been adapted to fit different approaches to the mind. In one example of this, the ‘Pittsburgh school’ of philosophers attempted to map Dennett’s distinction onto their own distinction between the ‘space of reasons’ and the ‘space of causes’. A second example can be found in much contemporary philosophy of psychology, where Dennett’s distinction has been presumed to be equivalent to Stephen Stich’s distinction between doxastic and subdoxastic states. Both these interpretations of the personal/subpersonal distinctions, and also Dennett’s own philosophical views of the mind, go beyond the personal/subpersonal distinction itself. They each involve supplementing the distinction between personal and subpersonal explanations with metaphysical claims about the relationship between the two kinds of explanation and the entities they posit.
MODELS VIA THE GENERALIZED

This paper considers M-estimators of regression parameters that make use of a generalized functional form for the disturbance distribution. The family of distributions considered is the generalized / (GT), which includes the power exponential or Box-Xiao, normal, Laplace, and / distributions as special cases. The corresponding influence function is bounded and redescending for finite "degrees of freedom. " The regression estimators considered are those that maximize the GT quasi-likelihood, as well as one-step versions. Estimators of the parameters of the GT distribution and the effect of such estimates on the asymptotic efficiency of the regression estimates are discussed. We give a minimum-distance interpretation of the choice of GT parameter estimate that minimizes the asymptotic variance of the regression parameters.
Condition-dependent coexpression in Arabidopsis and the bootstrap estimation of false discovery rate

Condition-dependent coexpression in Arabidopsis and the bootstrap estimation of false discovery rate Hui Lan Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Computer Science University of Toronto 2015 Conventional coexpression analysis looks at gene expression levels over diverse conditions. Although such “condition independent” analyses provide useful generalized information, the coexpression of genes can depend on biological context. Looking at gene coexpression in a condition-dependent fashion identifies gene interactions relevant to more-specific biological questions. This thesis addresses condition-dependent coexpression in the context of seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana. We study two broad aspects of the problem: (i) detecting pairwise interactions, and (ii) detecting three-way interactions. First, using gene expression data gathered exclusively from mature seeds, we develop a coexpression network, SeedNet. We analyze its statistical properties and find, for example, that SeedNet bifurcates into two previously undescribed components, one corresponding to germination and one to non-germination. Second, we develop a detector for three-way interactions in gene expression data and demonstrate its efficacy. In this approach, the coexpression of a pair of genes can depend on the expression level of a third gene. That is, coexpression is conditioned on the transcriptional environment. Because of the vast number of possible three-way interactions, there is an extremely large potential for false positives, so it is crucial to accurately estimate the False Discovery Rate (FDR). We show that extending approaches used for two-way interactions can significantly underestimate the FDR of three-way interactions. The thesis develops and evaluates a new approach for estimating FDR based on the bootstrap. We show that the bootstrap approach produces reasonable estimates over a wide range of statistical conditions, whereas conventional approaches rapidly break down. Finally, we use our detector and FDR estimates to add over 64,000 new, highly-confident edges to SeedNet.
Development of information technologies, travel business and case of global distribution system: AMADEUS

Bilgi teknolojileri ve kuresellesmenin beraberinde getirdigi degisimlerden seyahat isletmeleri de etkilenmektedir. Bilgi teknolojileri, isletmelerin rekabet ustunlugu elde etmelerine yardimci olmaktadir. 1980’li yillarda gelisen kuresel dagitim sistemleri seyahat isletmeleri uzerinde onemi bir yere sahiptir. Bu sistemlere dâhil olmayan isletmeler ise ciddi sorunlar ile karsi karsiya kalmaktadir. Bu arastirmanin amaci seyahat isletmelerinde bilgi teknolojilerinin onemini onde gelen kuresel dagitim sistemlerinden biri olan Amadeus ornegi ile degerlendirmektir. Betimsel analiz yapilan arastirmada literatur taranarak seyahat isletmelerinde bilgi teknolojilerinin rolu aciklanmistir. Ornek olarak Amadeus incelenmis ve kuresel dagitim sisteminin isleyisi degerlendirilmistir. Amadeus, kuresel seyahat ve turizm sektorunun onde gelen bir islemci ve ileri teknoloji cozum tedarikcisi olarak seyahat saglayicilarina ve seyahat acentalarina son teknoloji cozumler sunmaktadir.
The byssal-producing glands and proteins of the silverlip pearl oyster Pinctada maxima (Jameson, 1901)

Abstract Pinctada maxima are most well known for their production of high-quality natural pearls. They also generate another natural material, the byssus, an adhesive thread critical for steadfast attachment underwater. Herein, P. maxima byssal threads were analysed via proteotranscriptomics to reveal 49 proteins. Further characterisation was undertaken on five highly expressed genes: glycine-rich thread protein (GRT; also known as PUF3), apfp1/perlucin-like protein (Pmfp1); peroxidase; thrombospondin 1, and Balbiani ring 3 (BR3), which showed localised tissue expression. The spatial distribution of GRT and Pmfp1 via immunodetection combined with histology helped to identify glandular regions of the foot that contribute to byssal thread production: the byssal gland, the duct gland, and two thread-forming glands of basophilic and acidophilic serous-like cells. This work advanced primary knowledge on the glands involved in the creation of byssal threads and the protein composition of the byssus for P. maxima, providing a platform for the design of marine biopolymers.
Touchless Fingerprint Biometrics

Offering the first comprehensive analysis of touchless fingerprint-recognition technologies, Touchless Fingerprint Biometrics gives an overview of the state of the art and describes relevant industrial applications. It also presents new techniques to efficiently and effectively implement advanced solutions based on touchless fingerprinting. The most accurate current biometric technologies in touch-based fingerprint-recognition systems require a relatively high level of user cooperation to acquire samples of the concerned biometric trait. With the potential for reduced constraints, reduced hardware costs, quicker acquisition time, wider usability, and increased user acceptability, this book argues for the potential superiority of touchless biometrics over touch-based methods. The book considers current problems in developing high-accuracy touchless recognition technology. It discusses factors such as shadows, reflections, complex backgrounds, distortions due to perspective effects, uncontrolled finger placement, inconstant resolution of the ridge pattern, and reconstruction and processing of three-dimensional models. The last section suggests what future work can be done to increase accuracy in touchless systems, such as intensive studies on extraction and matching methods and three-dimensional analytical capabilities within systems. In a world where usability and mobility have increasing relevance, Touchless Fingerprint Biometrics demonstrates that touchless technologies are also part of the future. A presentation of the state of the art, it introduces you to the field and its immediate future directions.
New injectable antiretroviral therapy for HIV facilitates novel treatment pathways for persons without capacity to consent to medical treatment

Objective The development of new injectable antiretroviral therapy facilitates treatment for Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive individuals who lack capacity to consent, posing a safety risk to both themselves and the wider community. We consider pathways to enforce treatment and propose an algorithm to determine the most appropriate legal instrument for application. Conclusion Legislative safeguards in mental health and guardianship legislation provide oversight and protection for those who suffer from illness and require coercive treatment. These frameworks have utility in the treatment of HIV patients who lack capacity to consent to treatment.
Strategies to Mitigate Enteric Methane Emissions from Ruminant Animals

Human activities account for approximately two-thirds of global methane emissions, wherein the livestock sector is the single massive methane emitter. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas of over 21 times the warming effect of carbon dioxide. In the rumen, methanogens produce methane as a by-product of anaerobic fermentation. Methane released from ruminants is considered as a loss of feed energy that could otherwise be used for productivity. Economic progress and growing population will inflate meat and milk product demands, causing elevated methane emissions from this sector. In this review, diverse approaches from feed manipulation to the supplementation of organic and inorganic feed additives and direct-fed microbial in mitigating enteric methane emissions from ruminant livestock are summarized. These approaches directly or indirectly alter the rumen microbial structure thereby reducing rumen methanogenesis. Though many inorganic feed additives have remarkably reduced methane emissions from ruminants, their usage as feed additives remains unappealing because of health and safety concerns. Hence, feed additives sourced from biological materials such as direct-fed microbials have emerged as a promising technique in mitigating enteric methane emissions.
A “conversion‐deterioration‐double mutation” theory for the evolution and progression of colorectal cancer

In this study, based on some clinical phenomena and recently published knowledge, we proposed our “conversion‐deterioration‐double mutation” theory, which provides a possible unifying explanation for the evolutionary process of colorectal cancer cells in the human body. In this theory, we proposed that there is a partial interconversion and a jump conversion relationship among normal colorectal epithelial cells, colorectal cancer cells, stem cells, and cancer stem cells (conversion). This conversion leads to tumor heterogeneity. We also proposed that well‐differentiated cancer cells converted from cancer stem cells have a more aggressive pattern than primary cancer cells (deterioration). The deterioration of primary cancer cells leads to differences in treatment responses and prognosis. Finally, we speculate a double mutation theory, indicating that for metastasis to occur, both mutations of cancer cells and mutations of target organs are needed and should match and meet. All these three points constitute the “conversion‐deterioration‐double mutation” theory.
Protein speciation is likely to increase the chance of proteins to be determined in 2‐DE/MS

Multiple spotting due to protein speciation might increase a protein's chance of being captured in a random selection of 2‐DE spots. We tested this expectation in new (PXD015649) and previously published 2‐DE/MS data of porcine and human tissues. For comparison, we included bottom‐up proteomics studies (BU‐LC/MS) of corresponding biological materials. Analyses of altogether ten datasets proposed that amino acid modification fosters multispotting in 2‐DE. Thus, the number of 2‐DE spots containing a particular protein more tightly associated with a peptide diversity measure accounting for amino acid modification than with an alternative one disregarding it. Furthermore, every 11th amino acid was a post‐translational modification candidate site in 2‐DE/MS proteins, whereas in BU‐LC/MS proteins this was merely the case in every 21st amino acid. Alternative splicing might contribute to multispotting, since genes encoding 2‐DE/MS proteins were found to have on average about 0.3 more transcript variants than their counterparts from BU‐LC/MS studies. Correspondingly, resolution completeness as estimated from the representation of transcript variant‐rich genes was higher in 2‐DE/MS than BU‐LC/MS datasets. These findings suggest that the ability to resolve proteomes down to protein species can lead to enrichment of multispotting proteins in 2‐DE/MS. Low sensitivity of stains and MS instruments appears to enhance this effect.
Regional differences: clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma.

| https://dx.doi. org/10.21037/hbsn-21-496 Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a global health burden, stimulating the scientific community to further deepen their research in this field. In order to successfully translate novel insights into clinical practice and provide clinicians with evidence-based care for their patients, HCC clinical practice guidelines were published and need to be updated periodically. China has a plethora of patients who suffer from HCC. However, in contrast to Western countries, the underlying disease in Chinese HCC patients is mainly hepatitis B. This considerable difference may well influence diagnostics and efficacy of treatments, particularly systemic therapy. Thus, it is reasonable for the Chinese hepatology community to update their HCC clinical guidelines independently from Western hepatology societies such as EASL or AASLD. However, their comparison is certainly stimulating to the scientific discussion. Therefore, Xie et al. just published such a nice comparison of the latest update of the Chinese guidelines published in 2019 to recommendations from EASL and AASLD (1). While sharing many similarities, the etiological and thus molecular differences lead to clearly distinct recommendation for the use of the tumor marker AFP for HCC surveillance and may also influence selection of systemic therapy options. In contrast to EASL not recommending AFP for surveillance due to false positive screening and costeffectiveness calculations, the Chinese guidelines recommend AFP. Xie et al. point out that HBV-related HCCs tend to have higher AFP levels compared to HCC due to other causes (1). Although this may be the case, solid data supporting AFP efficacy particularly in HBVrelated HCC is lacking. The reference to the work by Tayob et al. retrospectively investigating AFP sensitivity in the HALT-C trial population certainly need further confirmation as these patients suffered from hepatitis C (2). Just recently novel trials investigating AFP, AFP-L3, DCP and the GALAD score (3,4) as the most prominent tumor markers for HCC were reported to perform unsatisfactory at the AASLD annual meeting. The GALAD score, which performed best in terms of detection rate was demonstrated to be associated with a high false positive prediction rate of over 20% (5). Thus, the debate about the use of AFP and other biomarkers for surveillance and early detection of HCC remains challenging and may not only be a matter of different etiologies or ethnic background among Chinese and Western patients. Furthermore, the landscape of systemic therapy has significantly changed over the past two years. With the results from the IMbrave150 trial being reported at 2019 ESMO Asia, systemic treatment of HCC has entered a new level. Combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab yielded a significantly improved overall survival in comparison to sorafenib treatment (6). However, subgroup analysis demonstrated best efficacy of this immunotherapy in patients with viral hepatitis, which may be particularly Viewpoint
The interface set for the EMC testing shielded chamber

Modern electronic systems including wired and wireless communication ports impose the requirement to equip EMC test lab with various additional interfaces which are necessary to support all operational modes of device under test during test procdures. The paper describes such EMC testing chamber interfaces, which allow bidirectional wired and wireless data transfer between the tested device and auxiliary technical means placed outside the testing space. Streszczenie. Wspolczesne systemy elektroniczne zawierające porty komunikacji przewodowej i bezprzewodowej narzucają wymagania w zakresie wyposazenia stanowiska badawczego laboratorium EMC w roznorodne interfejsy komunikacyjne niezbedne do zapewnienia wszystkich wymaganych trybow pracy urządzenia poddawanego badaniom. W artykule opisano interfejsy komunikacyjne do komory bezodbiciowej EMC, ktore pozwalają na dwukierunkowy, przewodowy i bezprzewodowy przesyl danych pomiedzy urządzeniem poddanym badaniom a aparaturą pomocniczą zlokalizowaną na zewnątrz komory. (Uklad interfejsow do komory bezodbiciowej EMC).
Finding the optimal mammography screening strategy: A cost‐effectiveness analysis of 920 modelled strategies

Breast cancer screening policies have been designed decades ago, but current screening strategies may not be optimal anymore. Next to that, screening capacity issues may restrict feasibility. This cost‐effectiveness study evaluates an extensive set of breast cancer screening strategies in the Netherlands. Using the Microsimulation Screening Analysis‐Breast (MISCAN‐Breast) model, the cost‐effectiveness of 920 breast cancer screening strategies with varying starting ages (40‐60), stopping ages (64‐84) and intervals (1‐4 years) were simulated. The number of quality adjusted life years (QALYs) gained and additional net costs (in €) per 1000 women were predicted (3.5% discounted) and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated to compare screening scenarios. Sensitivity analyses were performed using different assumptions. In total, 26 strategies covering all four intervals were on the efficiency frontier. Using a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of €20 000/QALY gained, the biennial 40 to 76 screening strategy was optimal. However, this strategy resulted in more overdiagnoses and false positives, and required a high screening capacity. The current strategy in the Netherlands, biennial 50 to 74 years, was dominated. Triennial screening in the age range 44 to 71 (ICER 9364) or 44 to 74 (ICER 11144) resulted in slightly more QALYs gained and lower costs than the current Dutch strategy. Furthermore, these strategies were estimated to require a lower screening capacity. Findings were robust when varying attendance and effectiveness of treatment. In conclusion, switching from biennial to triennial screening while simultaneously lowering the starting age to 44 can increase benefits at lower costs and with a minor increase in harms compared to the current strategy.