Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new continuous high‐gain controller scheme for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems

In this study, we present a new robust continuous controller mechanism for the tracking problem of uncertain nonlinear systems. The proposed strategy is based on a Lyapunov‐type stability argument and only requires the uncertainties of the dynamical system to be the first‐order differentiable to achieve asymptotic practical tracking. For the ease of presentation, the controller formulation is presented on a general, second‐order dynamical system, extension to higher order versions are also possible with a considerably small effort. Simulation studies comparing the performance of the proposed method with the classical Sliding mode and robust integral of the sign of the error controller are presented to illustrate the performance and the feasibility of the proposed strategy. Experimental validation on a two link direct drive robot manipulator are also included to illustrate the implementability of the proposed method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AN EXAMINATION OF RECENT TRANSFORMATIONS TO THE BV(RI)C PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF STELLAR MODELS FOR OLD STARS

Isochrones for ages ≳4 Gyr and metallicities in the range −2.5≲ [Fe/H] ≲+0.3 that take the diffusion of helium and recent advances in stellar physics into account are compared with observations in the Johnson–Cousins BV(RI)C photometric system for several open and globular star clusters. The adopted color–Teff relations include those which we have derived from the latest MARCS model atmospheres and the empirical transformations for dwarf and subgiant stars given by Casagrande et al. (CRMBA). Those reported by VandenBerg & Clem have also been considered, mainly to resolve some outstanding questions concerning them. Indeed, for the latter, V − IC colors should be corrected by ≈−0.02 mag, for all metal abundances, in order to obtain consistent interpretations of the observed (B − V, V), (V − RC, V), and (V − IC, V) diagrams for M 67 and the Hyades as well as for local subdwarfs. Remarkably, when the subdwarfs in the CRMBA data set that have σπ/π ⩽ 0.15 are superimposed on a set of 12 Gyr isochrones spanning a wide range in [Fe/H], the inferred metallicities and effective temperatures agree, in the mean, with those given by CRMBA to within ±0.05 dex and ±10 K, respectively. Thus, the hot Teff scale derived by CRMBA is nearly identical with that predicted by stellar models; and consequently, there is excellent consistency between theory and observations on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and the different color–magnitude diagrams considered in this investigation. To obtain similar consistency, the colors obtained from the MARCS and VandenBerg & Clem (B − V)–Teff relations for metal-poor dwarf stars should be adjusted to the red by 0.02–0.03 mag. In general, isochrones that employ the CRMBA transformations provide reasonably consistent fits to our BV(RI)C photometry for main-sequence stars in the globular clusters 47 Tuc, M 3, M 5, M 92, and NGC 1851—but not the cluster giants (when adopting the synthetic MARCS colors). We speculate that differences between the actual heavy-element mixtures and those assumed in the theoretical models may be the primary cause of this difficulty.
Noncontact Sleeping Heartrate Monitoring Method Using Continuous-Wave Doppler Radar Based on the Difference Quadratic Sum Demodulation and Search Algorithm

Continuous-wave doppler radar, which has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, and low power consumption, has attracted extensive attention in the detection of human vital signs. However, while respiration and heartbeat signals are mixed in the echo phase, the amplitude difference between the two signals is so large that it becomes difficult to measure the heartrate (HR) from the interference of respiration stably and accurately. In this paper, the difference quadratic sum demodulation method is proposed. According to the mixed characteristics of respiration and heartbeat after demodulation, the heartbeat features can be extracted with the help of the easy-to-detect breathing signal; combined with the constrained nearest neighbor search algorithm, it can realize sleeping HR monitoring overnight without body movements restraint. Considering the differences in vital-sign characteristics of different individuals and the irregularity of sleep movements, 54 h of sleep data for nine nights were collected from three subjects, and then compared with ECG-based HR reference equipment. After excluding the periods of body turning over, the HR error was within 10% for more than 70% of the time. Experiments confirmed that this method, as a tool for long-term HR monitoring, can play an important role in sleeping monitoring, smart elderly care, and smart homes.
Optimal Control for Positive and Negative Information Diffusion Based on Game Theory in Online Social Networks

In online social networks, information diffusion presents a complicated dynamic process that accompanies users' lives, in which the link between multi-information symbiosis and conflict is frequently overlooked. We investigate two aspects that influence the process of diffusion by examining the phenomena of information dissemination between individuals and the general environment in online social networks. To characterize that complicated process, an effective model of positive and negative information diffusion based on evolutionary game theory is developed. To reduce the impact of negative information on the network ecosystem as much as possible while increasing the propagation of positive information, real-time control mechanisms are provided, and a corresponding optimal problem of control resource allocation is constructed. Considering some special circumstances that cannot monitor the diffusion process in real time, the pulse control strategies are offered. The efficiency of control systems is validated by theoretical evidence and experiments, and the impact of various factors on information dispersion is examined. The work will contribute to network management by providing a theoretical framework for understanding and managing the distribution of diverse types of information.
A Generalized Analytical Tuning Approach for Model Predictive Controlled Grid-Tied Converters Under Wide Range of Grid Inductance Variation

In medium-high power applications, the LCL is the preferred filter topology to attain efficient power conversion. The filter provides a high damping attenuation of -60 dB/decade above the resonance frequency at the cost of a higher order plant, complex parameter design, and, increased vulnerability to un-modeled disturbances. Recently, model predictive control applied to power electronic converters has experienced great interest from researchers. The technique is tailored to the control of complex MIMO systems such as the LCL filter as it allows simultaneous regulation of several state-variables via a user defined cost function. However, the tuning of weighting factors (WFs) within the cost function is not trivial, and in most cases employs an empirical procedure. This paper presents an analytical procedure for tuning of WFs for indirect model predictive current controlled grid-tied converters. The method is based on using analytical closed-form expressions, that relate closed-loop poles of the filter with WFs via physical plant parameters. The presented expressions generalize the tuning of WFs to any arbitrary LCL design. The proposed method is validated by hardware-in-the-loop simulations conducted on PLECS RTBOX 3. Through experimental testing, it is shown that the controller is robust against a wide range of grid impedance variation.
Quasi-two-dimensional spin and phonon excitations in La1.965Ba0.035CuO4

Here, we present time-of-fight inelastic neutron scattering measurements of La1.965Ba0. 035CuO4 (LBCO), a lightly doped member of the high temperature superconducting La-based cuprate family. By using time-of-flight neutron instrumentation coupled with single crystal sample rotation we obtain a four-dimensional data set (three Q and one energy) that is both comprehensive and spans a large region of reciprocal space. Our measurements identify rich structure in the energy dependence of the highly dispersive spin excitations, which are centered at equivalent (1/2, 1/2, L) wave-vectors. These structures correlate strongly with several crossings of the spin excitations with the lightly dispersive phonons found in this system. These eects are signicant and account for on the order of 25% of the total inelastic scattering for energies between ≈5 and 40meV at low |Q|. Interestingly, this scattering also presents little or no L-dependence. As the phonons and dispersive spin excitations centred at equivalent (1/2, 1/2, L) wave-vectors are common to all members of La-based 214 copper oxides, we conclude such strong quasi-two dimensional scattering enhancements are likely to occur in all such 214 families of materials, including those concentrations corresponding to superconducting ground states. Such a phenomenon appears to be a fundamental characteristic of these materials andmore » is potentially related to superconducting pairing. « less
Brain Network Research of Skilled Shooters in the Shooting Preparation Stage under the Condition of Limited Sensory Function

Shooting is a sport dominated by psychological factors. Hence, disturbing the shooter’s sensory function during aiming will seriously affect his psychological state and shooting performance. Electroencephalograph (EEG) measurements of 30 skilled marksmen in the shooting preparation stage under noisy disturbance, weak light, and normal conditions were recorded. Therefore, the differences in neural mechanisms in the shooter’s brain during shooting aiming in different disturbance conditions were explored using an analytical approach that employs functional connectivity and brain network analysis based on graph theory. The relationship between these brain network characteristics and shooting performance was also compared. The results showed that (1) the average connection strength in the beta frequency band and connection intensity in the left and right temporal lobes of the shooters under noise disturbance were significantly higher than those under the other two conditions, and their brain networks also showed a higher global and local efficiency. In addition, (2) the functional connection intensity in the occipital region of the beta band was higher than that in the normal condition in the weak-light condition. The information interaction in the left parietal region also increased continually during the shooting process. (3) Furthermore, the shooters’ eigenvector centrality in the temporal and occipital regions with limited sensory function in the two conditions was lower than those in the normal condition. These findings suggest that noise disturbance activates the arousal level of the shooter’s brain and enhances the information processing efficiency of the brain network; however, it increases the mental workload. In weak-light conditions, shooters focus more on visual information processing during aiming and strengthen the inhibition of functions in the brain regions unrelated to shooting behavior. Audiovisual disturbance renders the cortical regions equivalent to the audiovisual perception function in the shooter’s brain less important in the entire brain network than in the normal condition. Therefore, these findings reveal the effect of audiovisual disturbance on the functional network of the cortex in the shooting preparation stage and provide a theoretical basis for further understanding the neural mechanism of the shooting process under sensory disturbances.
Linguistic Steganalysis Merging Semantic and Statistical Features

With the rapid development of Natural Language Processing (NLP), more and more linguistic steganography methods have appeared in recent years, which may bring great challenges to the protection of cyberspace security. Due to the powerful feature extraction capabilities of Deep neural networks (DNN) to learn semantic features of large volumes of text, traditional steganalysis methods using manual features have gradually evolved into DNN-based methods. However, whether these DNN-based steganalysis methods can extract enough carrier features to achieve efficient steganalysis so that they can completely replace traditional methods based on handcrafted features remains an open question. To explore the answer, in this letter, we propose a new steganalysis method to integrate semantic and statistical features. We use BERT to extract semantic features and TF-IDF with AutoEncoder to obtain statistical features of the input text. Finally, we design a fusion mechanism to combine these two features. The experimental results show that due to the addition of statistical features, the proposed model can significantly improve the detection performance over current DNN-based linguistic steganalysis models.
Pb induces superconductivity in Bi2Se3 analyzed by point contact spectroscopy

Some topological insulators become superconducting when doped with Cu and Pd. Superconductivity in a non-superconductor may be induced by proximity effect: i.e. Contacting a non-superconductor with a superconductor. The superconducting macroscopic wave function will induce electronic pairing into the normal compound. In the simplest topological insulator, Bi$_2$Se$_3$, superconductivity may be induced with Pb. We studied with point contact junctions formed by contacting Bi$_2$Se$_3$ crystals and Pb, glued and pressed with silver paste and/or applying low heat to the Pb to improve the contact. Junctions were formed with a thin tungsten plated gold W(Au) wire as one electrode, and the other $Bi_2Se_3$ and Pb. We study the characteristics of the electron coupling; the transition temperature,$T_C$, evolution with temperature of the energy gap, $\Delta$, and 2$\Delta$/K$_B$T$_C$ ratio. The superconductor Bi$_2$Se$_3$-Pb behaves different as explained in the classical BCS theory. In BCS a superconductor is only weak or strong coupled, depending on the electronic interaction that form the electronic condensate. This differentiation is given by the size of the mentioned ratio. BCS Typical values are 3.53 to about 4.3 for weak or strong coupling limits respectively. In this study performed in Bi$_2$Se$_3$-Pb we found different values to the normal ones from 10 to 23, indicating very strong limit. Those values never have been observed in other superconductor. The transition temperatures found varies from 2.7 to 7 K. This information and other results will be presented in this paper.
Novo Constitucionalismo Latino-Americano, Meio Ambiente e Carta Constitucional de 1988

O compromisso estabelecido na Constituição Federal de 1988 por um meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado foi considerado um avanço significativo ao elevar a proteção ambiental ao patamar constitucional. O meio ambiente é considerado um direito fundamental e proíbe-se o retrocesso quanto à proteção e preservação da natureza. O presente estudo sobre a tutela ambiental na Constituição de Brasil (1988) propõe diálogo com o Novo Constitucionalismo Latino-Americano (NCLA) resultando em possibilidade para a abertura de novos campos de pesquisa do Direito Constitucional Ambiental. O reconhecimento da natureza como sujeito de Direito no NCLA pelas Constituições pluralistas do Equador (2008) e da Bolívia (2009), além de inédito na história dos povos colonizados da América do Sul, significa uma necessária revisão da epistemologia clássica eurocêntrica/positivista de caráter colonial. Essa virada decolonial inaugura um constitucionalismo de valores ecológicos e coloca Pachamama e Sumak Kawsay Suma Qamaña como base para sustentar os direitos sociais, econômicos e culturais. Busca-se refletir sobre o NCLA, meio ambiente e a Constituição de 1988.
Multiscale Characteristics and Drivers of the Bundles of Ecosystem Service Budgets in the Su-Xi-Chang Region, China

Managing ecosystem services (ESs) to meet human needs is critical to achieving sustainable development in rapidly urbanizing regions. Identifying ES budget bundles and analyzing their drivers at a multiscale level can facilitate management decision-making; however, further research is required in areas undergoing rapid urbanization. This study quantified the supply, demand, and budgets of six typical ESs at the county, township, and village scales in the Su-Xi-Chang region in 2020. Additionally, the influence of natural environmental and socioeconomic factors on ES budget bundles was investigated based on K-means cluster analysis and the Geodetector model. The results showed that ESs on all three scales showed a mismatch between supply and demand. The similarity in the spatial pattern of supply, demand, and budgets of ESs at the township and village scales was higher than that at the township and county scales. The location and area of surplus, balance, and deficit varied with scale. We found that population density and the proportion of impervious surfaces are the main factors influencing the formation of the ES budget bundles at different scales. In addition, the diversity and degree of interpretation of drivers varied with scale. We believe that focusing on the overall situation on a large scale and implementing precise management on a small scale can make management decisions more effective. This study can provide a scientific basis for the sustainable utilization of ESs in the Su-Xi-Chang region, and the research results and methods can provide a reference for similar studies in other rapidly urbanizing areas in the world.
PHOTOMETRIC VARIABILITY IN KEPLER TARGET STARS: THE SUN AMONG STARS—A FIRST LOOK

The Kepler mission provides an exciting opportunity to study the light curves of stars with unprecedented precision and continuity of coverage. This is the first look at a large sample of stars with photometric data of a quality that has heretofore been only available for our Sun. It provides the first opportunity to compare the irradiance variations of our Sun to a large cohort of stars ranging from very similar to rather different stellar properties, at a wide variety of ages. Although Kepler data are in an early phase of maturity, and we only analyze the first month of coverage, it is sufficient to garner the first meaningful measurements of our Sun's variability in the context of a large cohort of main-sequence stars in the solar neighborhood. We find that nearly half of the full sample is more active than the active Sun, although most of them are not more than twice as active. The active fraction is closer to a third for the stars most similar to the Sun, and rises to well more than half for stars cooler than mid-K spectral types.
Single stage switching operation of 9-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter

To increase the power capability and quality multilevel inverters are extensively used. The maintenance and switch stress of two stage switched capacitor module is high. So, this drawback can overcome by using single stage switching operation. In 9-level cascaded h-bridge multilevel inverter by using single stage switching operation, the number of switches is less and using only one source. Proposed topology gives high efficiency, faster response and high-power density compared to two stage switched capacitor module. The simulation is performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.
Waving Effect Characterization for Water-to-Air Optical Wireless Communication

In this paper, we establish and experimentally verify a water-to-air (W2A) visible light communication (VLC) system through dynamic air-water interface. Considering the complexity of waves in real environments, we divide waves into largescale wave and small-scale wave. Monte Carlo simulation and experimental results show that small-scale wave mainly affects the energy distribution of the light spot on the receiving plane and the variation frequency of link gain, while largescale wave mainly affects the coverage of the light spot. In the W2A-VLC system based on light-emitting diode (LED), the statistical characteristics of variation time and link gain are mainly related to the small-scale wave, and the effect of large-scale wave can be treated as slow fading. In order to design a reliable communication system, a large-divergence-angle LED array and avalanche photodiode (APD) array are used under dynamic water surface. We investigate three cases, namely single-input multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input single-output (MISO) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). In the SIMO or MISO systems, the correlation coefficient of channel gain decreases with the inter-receiver or inter-transmitter distance. A significant transmission performance enhancement can be achieved by deploying more transmitters or receivers and increasing the distance between the transmitters or receivers. A MIMO structure can effectively increase the achievable rate. We further establish a W2A-VLC link in a deep wave pool to verify our research in the real environment. The results show that more intensive small-scale wave yields higher bit error rate (BER), and the diversity scheme can improve the transmission stability and decrease BER.
Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Deep Adversarial Networks with Convolutional Layer and Wasserstein Distance

Intelligent bearing fault diagnosis techniques have been well developed to meet the economy and safety criteria. Machine learning and deep learning schemes have shown to be promising tools for rolling bearing defect diagnosis. They require multitudinous labelled data in the training phase and assume that the training and testing samples abide by the same data distribution. However, in real-world industrial contexts, these two preconditions are almost impossible to be satisfied. Conversely, approaches based on transfer learning are potent instruments for proactively reacting to the above two challenges. Consequently, this paper presents an unsupervised method for diagnosing rolling bearing defects based on transfer learning. Convolutional neural networks, adversarial networks, and Wasserstein distance are adopted to extract domain invariant features, narrow the discrepancy between the source domain and target domain, and precisely categorize the faulty samples. A series of experiments corroborate that the proposed model can effectively facilitate the overall performance and outperform several traditional approaches under six measurement metrics.
An Introduction to Linear Control Systems

An Introduction to Linear Control Systems. By Thomas E. Fortmann and Konrad L. Hitz. New York and Basel, Marcel Dekker, 1977. xiv, 744 p. 23 cm. Sw.Fr. 98.00 (bound). (Control and Systems Theory Series, Vol. 5.)
Differential rotation and meridional flows of K giants: Predictions from mean field theory

We present a mean field model of the differential rotation and meridional flow of the giant star KIC 8366239. The model predicts a solar-type surface differential rotation with a total shear of 0.03 rad/d. The horizontal shear decreases with depth and vanishes at the lower boundary. No drastic increase of the rotation rate towards the core is found. The surface meridional flow is directed towards the poles and has amplitude of 26 m/s. The return flow at the bottom of the convective envelope has an amplitude of 16 m/s. The results are compared with those for the K giant Arcturus and the Sun (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)