Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Chest Disorders: Practical Imaging Approach to Diagnosis

Symptomatology referable to the chest is one of the most common reasons for which pediatric patients present for clinical evaluation. While subsequent diagnosis widely varies depending upon the specific symptoms, clinical context, and age of the patient, imaging plays a critical role in elucidation of differential considerations. Furthermore, imaging provides valuable information in the evaluation of disease extent and associated abnormalities thereby directly impacting patient management decisions. Furthermore, diagnostic imaging provides a detailed assessment of treatment response. Given the broad range of pathologies which affect the pediatric chest, anatomic localization is a useful classification approach and can be thought of in a three-compartment model, including primary processes of the lung parenchyma, abnormalities of the large airway, and pathology originating in the mediastinum. Here, we present this practical approach as it applies to some of the most commonly encountered pediatric chest pathologies. This chapter also reviews the advantages and disadvantages of current imaging modalities and characteristic imaging findings of pediatric thoracic disorders encountered in daily clinical practice.
LSTRA and RBL-5 lymphomas induced by Moloney and Rauscher leukemia viruses, respectively, were used to de termine whether antigenically altered tumors induced by 5- (3,3-dimethyl-1 -triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxam ide in vivo

LSTRA and RBL-5 lymphomas induced by Moloney and Rauscher leukemia viruses, respectively, were used to de termine whether antigenically altered tumors induced by 5(3,3-dimethyl-1 -triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxam ide in vivo would retain their original antigenic properties and/or have new antigenic properties. The tumors became highly immu nogenic in the syngeneic hosts after 4 to 8 transplant gener ations with drug treatment. Syngeneic mice could be pro tected against challenge with the parental tumor by presen sitization with the drug-altered sublines while unrelated tumor lines were incapable of protecting them. The drug altered subline of LSTRA was used for treatment of the LSTRA in conjunction with chemotherapy, and this immu nochemotherapy produced significant increases in number of survivors and increases in median survival time com pared to either treatment alone. Tolerance studies indicated that there are novel antigens and parental tumor antigens associated with the drug-treated sublines.
Nematological Research Vol 50

Ditylenchus destructor is a plant-parasitic nematode that negatively impacts upon garlic production in Japan. It feeds not only on plant cells but also on fungi; hence, fungal infection of garlic plants may also potentially affect nematode propagation. In the present study, we assessed whether or not the nematode could propagate on garlic storage leaves under fungus-free conditions, and thereby cause garlic rot. We detected propagation of nematodes at 4 weeks after the inoculation of axenic nematodes onto surfacesterilized garlic storage leaves of Fukuchi white, the major garlic variety cultivated in Japan. In further tests, the nematodes propagated on 16 garlic varieties by 8 weeks post-inoculation, but propagation levels were significantly lower in varieties from southwest Japan, such as Hirado and Iki, than in the varieties Ishikawa roppen and Fukuchi white. Moreover, the garlic storage leaves on which the nematodes propagated most successfully became rotten. These results suggest that D. destructor can propagate on garlic storage leaves and cause garlic rot without the influence of fungal infection. Nematol. Res. 50(2), 21–26. (2020)
Extra-mitochondrial citrate synthase controls cAMP-dependent pathway during sperm acrosome reaction in mice

The sperm consumes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to maintain the cellular function, viability, acrosome reaction (AR), and motility. Extra-mitochondrial citrate synthase (eCS) catalyzes citrate production in the sperm head, and thus regulates sperm function through ATP synthesis, similarly to CS. This study aimed to investigate how eCS regulates AR. Herein, acrosome-reacted (ARed) sperms were rarely detected on the zona pellucida, and spontaneous ARed sperm in eCs -deficient (KO) sperm remained at low levels even with induced capacitation. Retarded AR of eCs -KO sperm was enhanced by cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) treatment. In conclusion, eCS regulates AR via a cAMP-dependent pathway, which presumably contributes to sperm metabolism.
The Hydrophobic Recognition Site Formed by Residues PsaA-Trp and PsaB-Trp of Photosystem I in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Confers Distinct Selectivity for Binding of Plastocyanin

On the lumenal side of photosystem I (PSI), each of the two large core subunits, PsaA and PsaB, expose a conserved tryptophan residue to the surface. PsaB-Trp is part of the hydrophobic recognition site that is essential for tight binding of the two electron donors plastocyanin and cytochrome c6 to the donor side of PSI (Sommer, F., Drepper, F., and Hippler, M. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 6573–6581). To examine the function of PsaA-Trp in binding and electron transfer of both donors to PSI, we generated the mutants PsaA-W651F and PsaA-W651S by site-directed mutagenesis and biolistic transformation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The protein-protein interaction and the electron transfer between the donors and PSI isolated from the mutants were analyzed by flash absorption spectroscopy. The mutation PsaA-W651F completely abolished the formation of a first order electron transfer complex between plastocyanin (pc) and the altered PSI and increased the dissociation constant for binding of cytochrome (cyt) c6 by more than a factor of 10 as compared with wild type. Mutation of PsaA-Trp to Ser had an even larger impact on the dissociation constant. The KD value increased another 2-fold when the values obtained for the interaction and electron transfer between cyt c6 and PSI from PsaA-W651S and PsaA-W651F are compared. In contrast, binding and electron transfer of pc to PSI from PsaA-W651S improved as compared with PSI from PsaA-W651F and admitted the formation of an intermolecular electron transfer complex, resulting in a KD value of about 554 M that is still five times higher than observed for wild type. These results demonstrate that PsaA-Trp is, such as PsaB-Trp, crucial for high affinity binding of pc and cyt c6 to PSI. Our results also indicate that the highly conserved structural recognition motif that is formed by PsaA-Trp and PsaB-Trp confers a differential selectivity in binding of both donors to PSI.
Enhanced Handwritten Document Recognition Using Confusion Matrix Analysis

The handwritten Multilanguage phase is the preprocessing phase that improves the image quality for better identification in the system. The main goals of preprocessing are diodes, noise suppression and line cancellation. After word processing, various attribute extraction techniques are used to process attribute properties for the identification process. Smoothing plays an important role in character recognition. The partitioning process in the word distribution strategy can be divided into global and local texts. The writer does not use this header line to write the text which creates a problem for skew correction, classification and recognition. The dataset used are HWSC and TST1. The tensor flow method is used to estimate the consistency of confusion matrix for the enhancement of the text recognition . The accuracy of the proposed method is 98%.
Historical epidemiology and global health history Epidemiologia histórica e história global da saúde

The subdiscipline of historical epidemiology holds the promise of creating a more robust and more nuanced foundation for global public health decision-making by deepening the empirical record from which we draw lessons about past interventions. This essay draws upon historical epidemiological research on three global public health campaigns to illustrate this promise: the Rockefeller Foundation’s efforts to control hookworm disease (1909-c.1930), the World Health Organization’s pilot projects for malaria eradication in tropical Africa (1950s-1960s), and the international efforts to shut down the transmission of Ebola virus disease during outbreaks in tropical Africa (1974-2019).
CONTEXT-FREE LANGUAGES, GROUPS, THE THEORY OF ENDS, SECOND-ORDER LOGIC, TILING PROBLEMS, CELLULAR AUTOMATA, AND VECTOR SYSTEMS

It turns out that there exists a surprising connection between certain ideas from the areas listed in the title. In this announcement we try to briefly outline the connection and to state our principal results. Very roughly, we use concepts from formal language theory, group theory, and the theory of ends to investigate a class of graphs which we call context-free graphs. Using the results obtained and Rabin's theorem on the decidability of the monadic second-order theory of the infinite binary tree, we show that the monadic theory of any context-free graph is decidable. There are several classes of extensively investigated decision problems which are essentially problems on the grid of integer lattice points in n dimensions. We here have in mind various questions concerning tiling problems, cellular automata, and vector addition systems. Most of these problems are known to be unsolvable in the classical case. We show that these problems all make sense on a very general class of graphs and are all solvable on any context-free graph. A finitely generated group can be described by a presentation G = (X; R) in terms of generators and defining relators. (All groups and presentations which we mention are assumed to be finitely generated.) The word problem of G is the set W(G) of all words on the generators and their inverses which represent the identity element of G. Anisimov [1] raised the question: "If W(G) is a context-free language in the sense of formal language theory, what can one say about the algebraic structure of GV We were led to conjecture that G has context-free word problem if and only if G has a free subgroup of finite index, and we have essentially proven the conjecture. Our main tool is the theory of ends. Let T be the Cayley graph of a finitely-generated group G — <X;R). Let T ^ denote the subgraph of T consisting of all vertices and edges connected to the identity by a path of length less than n. The number of ends of G is the limit as n goes to infinity of the number of infinite components of r V ^ . Stallings [4] proved that a group with more than one end has a particular structure in terms of certain group-theoretic constructions. We prove that an infinite group with context-free word problem has
GLRT based adaptive detection for MIMO RADARS

In this paper, the problem of adaptive target detection using temporal coherent pulse train in presence of clutter is considered for MIMO radars. We have formulated this problem as a hypothesis test. For clutter with unknown statistics two adaptive decision rules have been developed using two-steps generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT). The performances of the proposed detectors have been evaluated using Monte-Carlo simulations. The results show the superiority of the MIMO radars with temporal coherent processing over the conventional phased arrays due to both angular spread and a newly presented phenomenon which is called Doppler spread in this paper. (4 pages)
Surgical Guidance of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma enabled by a c-MET targeting fluorescent probe cMBP-ICG

Surgical procedure guided by near infrared (NIR) fluorescence dye, that is administrated via intravenous injection, is appealing to researchers and doctors. Tumors such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which is shallow, invasive, and heterogenous, hampered such effort due to poor delivery. Herein, we applied a peptide-based NIR fluorescence dye, cMBP-ICG, which can be administrated via topical application and specifically target tumor tissue via c-MET binding, in a clinical trial. Ten clinical cases, which were diagnoses (suspectable) HNSCC by attending physician with biopsy, were included. cMBP-ICG solutions were applied with gargle onto tissue surface in vivo preoperatively. One case with non-tumor lesion, one case with biopsy-negative carcinoma in situ, and one case with additional foci (excision area were extended according), were screened out. Intraoperative ex vivo fluorescence imaging, in which cMBP-ICG was coated onto mucosa surfaces and cross-sections of specimens, clearly outlined horizontal and vertical margins of the tumor. Its efficiency was not diminished by interference of previous chemo- and radio-therapy. Twenty lymph nodes were also imaged upon cMBP-ICG coating, in which two out of two tumor-positive nodes were screened out with an accuracy of 100%. Fluorescence intensity from cMBP-ICG was found positively corelated to differentiation degree of HNSCC. In summary, topical application of cMBP-ICG was capable of differentiating preoperative tumor, revealing concealed foci, outlining margin of tumor intraoperatively, and detecting metastasized lymph nodes.
Computational fluid dynamics and experimental analysis of the influence of the energy recovery unit on the proportional relief valve

The overflow energy loss in relief valve, which is one of the main reasons leading to the low efficiency of the hydraulic system, had been considered to be impossible to solve. The principle of the overflow energy loss of the relief valve is analyzed and a novel method to reduce the overflow loss using an energy recovery unit, which can improve the return line pressure of the pilot proportional relief valve, is proposed. The influence of the energy recovery unit on the pressure control characteristics and steady-state flow force of the pilot proportional relief valve are discussed. The effects of the return line pressure on the distribution of the flow field and the pressure control characteristics are analyzed through computational fluid dynamics simulation and experiment. The results show that with the increase of the return line pressure, the displacement of the main valve spool increases and the reset spring force increases accordingly. While the steady-state flow force decreases dramatically with the increase of the return line pressure, which results in a smaller pressure differential the pressure differential can be reduced from 15% to 2.5%. It is also observed that the flow rate of the pilot proportional relief valve can be maintained at a certain value with a small oscillation and that the pilot proportional relief valve can release the redundant flow of hydraulic system. This verifies that the pilot proportional relief valve with the outlet connecting to the energy recovery unit to recovery the overflow energy loss cannot reduce the pressure control characteristics, but can achieve a better pressure control accuracy of the pilot proportional relief valve.
The Evolution of Offspring Size: A Metabolic Scaling Perspective

Abstract Size at the start of life reflects the initial per offspring parental investment—including both the embryo and the nutrients supplied to it. Initial offspring size can vary substantially, both within and among species. Within species, increasing offspring size can enhance growth, reproduction, competitive ability, and reduce susceptibility to predation and starvation later in life, that can ultimately increase fitness. Previous work has suggested that the fitness benefits of larger offspring size may be driven by energy expenditure during development—or how offspring metabolic rate scales with offspring size. Despite the importance of early-life energy expenditure in shaping later life fitness trajectories, consideration of among-species scaling of metabolic rate at the time of birth as a potential source of general metabolic scaling patterns has been overlooked by theory. Here, we review the patterns and processes of energy expenditure at the start of life when mortality is often greatest. We compile existing data on metabolic rate and offspring size for 191 ectotherm species spanning eight phyla and use phylogenetically controlled methods to quantify among-species scaling patterns. Across a 109-fold mass range, we find that offspring metabolic rate scales hypometrically with size, with an overall scaling exponent of 0.66. This exponent varies across ontogenetic stage and feeding activity, but is consistently hypometric, including across environmental temperatures. Despite differences in parental investment, life history and habitat, large-offspring species use relatively less energy as a proportion of size, compared with small-offspring species. Greater residual energy can be used to fuel the next stages of life, particularly in low-resource environments. Based on available evidence, we conclude that, while large knowledge gaps remain, the evolution of offspring size is likely shaped by context-dependent selection acting on correlated traits, including metabolic rates maintaining hypometric scaling, which operates within broader physical constraints.
A critical review of entrepreneurial ecosystems research: towards a future research agenda

ABSTRACT The entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) literature has attracted much attention, especially in policy circles. However, the concept suffers from a number of shortcomings: (1) it lacks a clear analytical framework that makes explicit what is cause and what is effect in an EE; (2) while being a systemic concept, the EE has not yet fully exploited insights from network theory, and it is not always clear in what way the proposed elements are connected in an EE; (3) it remains a challenge what institutions (and at what spatial scale) impact on the structure and performance of EE; (4) studies have often focused on the EE in single regions or clusters, but lack a comparative and multi-scalar perspective and (5) the EE literature tends to provide a static framework taking a snapshot of EE without considering systematically their evolution over time. For each of these shortcomings, we make a number of suggestions to take up in future research on EE.
Temporal bone pneumatization: A scoping review on the growth and size of mastoid air cell system with age

The interest in the mastoid air cell system arose from the association between temporal bone aeration and otitis media. Its size and growth have been considered when planning chronic and middle ear surgeries. The objective of this review was to explore the literature on the size of mastoid air cells with age, highlighting various growth rates reported and mapping out areas yet to be fully understood for further research. A three-step systematic search was conducted for available literature on the subject matter viz; Google Scholar, Medline, Cochrane Library, and PubMed. Eligibility criteria guided the study selection, and eligible studies were subjected to appraisal using screening and quantitative criteria of mixed-method appraisal tool. A data extraction form was developed to extract information from eligible studies. Nine studies met the eligibility criteria. 55.6% of the included studies were conducted among the east and south Asian population, 33.3% were conducted among Scandinavians, and 11.1% in South America. Age groupings varied among studies; 33.3% utilized 1-year age grouping, 33.3% utilized 5-year age grouping, 11.1% utilized 10-year age grouping. In reporting the size of mastoid air cells across age groupings, 66.7% utilized area, 22.2% utilized volume, while 11.1% utilized both area and volume. Findings from this review showed that the mastoid air cells’ size with respect to age differs among populations of different origins. The most common measurements were the area of air cells. The highest growth rate was reported up to 30 years. Findings also show the influence of sex on the size of mastoid air cells and growth rate with age, as females were reported to have larger air cells with rapid growth until puberty. However, the male mastoid air cell system continues a steady growth after puberty and becomes larger. Information still lacks in the volume of air cells in pediatric pneumatization.
Bleeding From Antiplatelet Agents in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack

Since the first trials using antiplatelet agents in ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA), there has been a consistent difficulty in balancing the benefit of a reduction of recurrent cardiovascular disease outcomes (ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction) with the risk of bleeding.1-4 This had also been an issue in acute stroke trials evaluating the effectiveness of anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents.5,6 For decades, monotherapy remained the standard of care for secondary prevention in most patients with acute ischemic stroke, but observational studies enrolling patients with TIA and minor stroke showed a high risk of recurrence at 90 days, prompting trials with dual antiplatelet agents in these patients. The publication of 3 trials demonstrating a reduction in the risk of stroke has changed our use of dual antiplatelet agents in patients with TIA and minor stroke. In these trials, each with different inclusion criteria, different drug combinations were used for different lengths of time: (1) CHANCE: clopidogrel and aspirin for 21 days, followed by clopidogrel alone for 69 days4; (2) POINT: clopidogrel and aspirin for 90 days3; and (3) THALES: ticagrelor and aspirin for 30 days.2 The risk of bleeding was different in each trial. In POINT, in particular, the risk of bleeding increased after 30 days, the same interval when the benefit seemed more muted.
Profiles of Beef Cattle Breeding Based on Local Resources in Sumenep Regency (a Case Study at KTT Sumber Hasil Talang Village, Serongi District, Sumenep Regency, East Java)

Madura cattle breeding has long had a strategic role in supporting local economy. This study aimed to identify the profiles of beef cattle breeding based on local resources. Location of the studywas in Sumber Hasil farmer group, Talang Village, Seronggi Sub district, District of Sumenep Madura, East Java. The data collected were primary and secondary data and analyzed descriptively. Beef cattle breeding has been practiced using Madura cattle sincethe 1980’s. Rearing system was intensive, in which the livestock were kept in the pen all the time with cut and carry feeding system. The feed offered consisted of elephant grass, field grass, seam grass, bamboo leaves, complete feed, and others. In addition, 3 kg of rice bran per head was provided on daily basis. Most of the cattle was kept in the pen/cages that belonged to the farmer, and the rest was kept in the communal cage belonged to the farmer group. Breeding system was mostly (97%) with natural mating and the rest with artificial insemination (AI). Service per conseption for the former was mostly one times (92.39%). Calving interval and anestrus post partus of madura cows during the time between 2012 and 2014 was 13.49±3.10 months and 55.38±18.39 days, respectively.
Molecular classification in endometrial cancer: Opportunities for precision oncology in a changing landscape

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) classification and risk stratification have undergone a global transformation in the last decade, shifting from a reliance on poorly reproducible histomorphological parameters such as grade and histotype, toward a molecular classification that is consistent and biologically informative. Molecular classification enables reliable categorization of ECs, provides prognostic information, and is now beginning to drive clinical management, including surgery and adjuvant therapy. Within this framework, we now have the ability to further refine both the prognostic and predictive value of molecular classification. As we move toward the routine implementation of this classification system as a stratification tool for research, clinical trials, and patient care, it is imperative that access to these tests be equitable. Furthermore, continued education will be critical for patients and providers to understand the value that this molecular information provides.