Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inference Aided Reinforcement Learning for Incentive Mechanism Design in Crowdsourcing

Incentive mechanisms for crowdsourcing are designed to incentivize ﬁnancially self-interested workers to generate and report high-quality labels. Existing mechanisms are often developed as one-shot static solutions, assuming a certain level of knowledge about worker models (expertise levels, costs of exerting efforts, etc.). In this paper, we propose a novel inference aided reinforcement mechanism that learns to incentivize high-quality data sequentially and requires no such prior assumptions. Speciﬁcally, we ﬁrst design a Gibbs sampling augmented Bayesian inference algorithm to estimate workers’ labeling strategies from the collected labels at each step. Then we propose a reinforcement incentive learning (RIL) method, building on top of the above estimates, to uncover how workers respond to different payments. RIL dynamically determines the payment without accessing any ground-truth labels. We theoretically prove that RIL is able to incentivize rational workers to provide high-quality labels. Empirical results show that our mechanism performs consistently well under both rational and non-fully rational (adaptive learning) worker models. Besides, the payments offered by RIL are more robust and have lower variances compared to the existing one-shot mechanisms.
Human-Induced and Eutrophication Impacts on Physio-chemical and Isotopic Water Characteristics of a Northeastern Nile Delta Lake, Egypt

Deteriorated water quality of Nile Delta lakes has caused eutrophication and loss of their ecological capacity. The study of Manzala Lake revealed that the lake water tends to evolve chemically from the south to the north towards the composition of seawater. The lake was changed to hypereutrophic condition due to the increase of nutrient loading associated with agricultural land reclamation and urban waste disposal. The lake water isotopic values (d 18 O and dD) define high evaporation rate reflecting the enrichment flux that depends on the residence time of the lake water and water turnover. Significant variations in d 13 CDIC values could reflect the difference in biogeochemical conditions , degradation of organic matter, pH, photosynthesis process, dissolved oxygen and phytoplankton distribution that control such changes. Variations of d 15 N-NH4 + in Manzala Lake can be transferred to microbial activities (nitrification and denitrification) assimilation of ammonium by aquatic plant, volatilization of gaseous NH3, as well as mixing with seawater. These data are important for clarifying the present eutrophication and pollution levels of the lake, for identifying anthropogenic imprints on lake water and also for the development of rational management plans of the lake.
Discontinuity-Sensitive Optimal Trajectory Learning by Mixture of Experts

Many robotic tasks, ranging from model predictive control to reinforcement learning, may be characterized as solving a parametric optimization problem where the optimal solutions are function of problem parameters. However, nonconvexity, discrete homotopy classes, and control switching cause discontinuity in the parameter-solution mapping, thus making learning difficult for traditional continuous function approximators such as neural networks. This paper proposes a discontinuity-sensitive approach to learn optimal trajectories with high accuracy. A Mixture of Experts (MoE) model composed of a classifier and several regressors is proposed. The optimal trajectories to sampled problem parameters are clustered such that in each cluster the trajectories are continuous function of problem parameters. Numerical examples on benchmark problems show that training the classifier and regressors individually outperforms coupled training of MoE. Compared with either supervised learning with neural network or deep reinforcement learning, this approach achieves dramatic improvements in the reliability of trajectory tracking.
Stability and electronic properties of silicene on WSe2

Many semiconducting substrates, such as GaS and MgBr2, have been explored for silicene. However, large lattice mismatches, complicated control of terminal layers and small band gaps are critical limiting factors. First-principles results on the stability and electronic properties of silicene on WSe2 show that the energy barriers for lateral translation between the two subsystems are very small due to weak van der Waals interactions. For the same reason, the Dirac physics of silicene is preserved. It turns out that the induced band gap is sufficient to withstand thermal fluctuations.
Is Well-being Illusory? Examining the Benefits of Positive Illusions for Relationship Quality and Well-being

Previous research has shown that positive illusions about a romantic partner are related to higher levels of relationship quality (Murray, Holmes & Griffin, 1996). Using model comparison, and a sample of 458 families (one student with two biological parents, N=1374), the direction of this effect was examined. Model fit favored partner-illusions predicting relationship satisfaction. With this model, several additional hypotheses about personality, self-enhancement, partner-enhancement, well-being and relationship quality were tested. Results revealed that personality had an effect on relationship quality, but this effect was fully mediated by partner-perceptions. This result suggesting that positive perceptions lead to better relationships, regardless of the perception being based on reality or illusions. Personality also significantly predicted well-being, with the effect being partially mediated by relationship quality. The model also allowed us to examine self-enhancement in personality ratings, which were found to be unrelated to the shared variance in well-being ratings.
An Evaluation of Information Security from the Users' Perspective in Turkey

Information security is a critical issue for hospitals, and users play an active role in their security process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the information security in a hospital from the users’ perspective. In this cross-sectional study 424 hospital staff (medical: 258 / administrative: 166) were included. Face-to-face interviews were used to gather data in answer to a scaled questionnaire regarding information security. Items in the questionnaire were coded by a 5-point Likert scale (ranging from 1 point: strongly disagree to 5 points: strongly agree). After the factor analysis, it was possible to identify five subgroups relating to information security: Access and Authorisation, Security Applications, Service Delivery, Organisational Security and Security Policy. The items in the Service Delivery subgroup were scored lower by the medical staff than the administrative staff (p<0.05). Both the medical and administrative staff educated in HIMS gave higher scores to the information security subgroup (p<0.05). The roles and responsibilities of staff and their being educated in HIMS are crucial factors for information security. Since information security is a critical issue in hospitals, it is necessary to develop and share information security policies for all staff in such organisations.
CONTRIBUTIONS Association of Visceral Adipose Tissue with Incident Myocardial Infarction in Older Men and Women The Health , Aging and Body Composition Study

1 Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. 2 Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN. 3 Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. 4 Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA. 5 Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD.
Contribution to the Themed Section : ‘ Balanced harvest and the ecosystem approach to fisheries

Discard bans have been proposed as part of management policies aimed at balanced harvest (BH). Nationwide discard bans exist in several countries, including Chile, the European Union, Norway, and New Zealand. We analysed experiences from these countries to determine whether or not discard bans are in contradiction with BH, based on six aspects: policy objectives, species/sizes applicability, accompanying technical measures, atsea monitoring and control, and possible impacts. When discard bans are fully implemented, fishing operations change to more selective fishing, typically targeting bigger individuals of main commercial species. This is consistent with the primary objective of many discard policies, i.e. to reduce unwanted catch. In contrast, proponents of BH argue that broader catch diversity, a product of a widespread harvest strategy, should be sought to avoid major impacts on the ecosystem. Our analysis demonstrates that the scope of discard bans is often limited to main commercial species, although usually they can be extended to include more ecosystem components. Some of the policies examined also prohibit the use of unwanted catches for human consumption, thus limiting their effective use. However, the implementation of discard bans requires high levels of at-sea monitoring and effective control, and/or strong incentives to fish more selectively, neither of which applied in most cases examined. We conclude that if discard bans were set differently, they could contribute to fishery management policies aiming at BH. Their goals should be in line with BH, i.e. to reach a wider global harvest pattern, or at least be established within management regimes that promote high compliance. Finally, the extent to which a discard ban contributes to achieve BH depends also on the relative importance of the ecosystem benthic and megafauna components.
Efficiency of Farmer Organisations in Supplying Supermarkets with Quality Food in Vietnam

The development of supermarkets in Vietnam, as in other emerging countries, goes along with an increasing concern on the part of purchasers for food quality. The paper investigates whether farmer organisations are able to help small-scale farmers get access to supermarkets, and the role that supermarkets and public support play in their emergence and development. It is based on case studies involving a number of stakeholders marketing vegetables, flavoured rice and litchi fruit in Vietnam. The interviews investigated patterns of horizontal and vertical coordination that link farmers to supermarkets, the distribution of costs and benefits between farmers and traders along the chains in relation to the strategy of quality differentiation. Eight farmer associations that work in the form of private commercial organisations are regular supermarket suppliers for the selected products. Their ability to supply supermarkets is related to the combination of functions they make available to their members, especially as regards training to improve quality (appearance, taste, safety), quality promotion and control, for which they receive public support, as well as their participation in flexible contracts with supermarkets, shops and schools. Supermarket supply through farmer associations increases farmer incomes when compared with traditional chains, yet the situation is reported to change with the increase in supermarket competition. The paper argues that changes in farmer organisation are not only due to supplying supermarkets, but also to public and international support to food quality improvement, which have been of benefit to supermarkets.
Taking Advice for Vocational Decisions: Regulatory Fit Effects

This study examined whether taking advice is influenced by regulatory fit and whether this effect is reduced or disappears within certain attribution conditions during vocational decision making. Experiment 1 created a vocational decision setting to compare differences in decision makers’ weight of advice (WOA) between ‘eager strategy’ and ‘vigilant strategy’ advice conditions. Results showed no significant main effect of regulatory orientation or advice strategy, but there was a significant interaction. The WOA value, with fit between regulatory focus and advice strategy, was higher than with a fit violation. Experiment 2 examined whether the regulatory fit effect is reduced or disappears within attribution conditions during vocational decision making. Results showed job seekers more easily take others’ advice under the fit condition, and a significant interaction existed between regulatory fit and attribution. Thus, attribution could reduce the influence of the regulatory fit effect. Implications for vocational consultants, job seekers, and advisors are also discussed.
Travelling-waves for the FKPP equation via probabilistic arguments

We outline a completely probabilistic study of travelling-wave solutions of the FKPP reaction-diffusion equation that are monotone and connect 0 to 1. The necessary asymptotics of such travelling-waves are proved using martingale and Brownian motion techniques. Recalling the connection between the FKPP equation and branching Brownian motion through the work of McKean and Neveu, we show how the necessary asymptotics and results about branching Brownian motion combine to give the existence and uniqueness of travelling waves of all speeds greater than or equal to the critical speed.
Two-phase Heat Transfer in Small Passages and Microfinned Surfaces – Fundamentals and Applications

Micro channels and internally finned tubes are increasingly being utilized in the evaporators and condensers of refrigeration systems. The adoption of such geometries in the development of micro-cooling systems is first discussed in this paper. Recent work on flow boiling heat transfer and condensation in small to micro passages as well as on microfinned surfaces is then presented. The complex effect of diameter size on flow boiling patterns and heat transfer and correlations currently available in literature are summarized. Condensation in microfinned tubes and microchannels is then discussed.
An ARM Cortex-M0 for Energy Harvesting Systems: A Novel Application of UPF with Synopsys’ Galaxy Platform

In energy harvesting systems, energy is effectively infinite but output power is severely limited. In this paper we first present a novel state retention power gating technique, called Sub-Clock Power Gating, which addresses this ultra-low power budget. It works in synergy with voltage and frequency scaling and power gates combinational logic within the clock cycle to reduce active power. Secondly, we describe how the technique was implemented on an ARM Cortex-M0TM microprocessor for fabrication and discuss our experience of using UPF with Synopsys' Galaxy Platform to achieve the required power gating. Finally, silicon measured results are given.
A Learning Model of Environmental Education Integrated With Pair Check and Guided Inquiry Method

This article outlines the stages of environmental education learning by integrating pair check and guided inquiry method in natural science learning. The integrated model serves as a guide for Science teachers in junior high schools to improve students' knowledge and environmental attitudes. The development of the learning model uses Plomp's educational design approach consisting of these phases: 1) preliminary investigation phase; 2) design phase; 3) realization phase, 4) test, evaluation, and revision phase. The result of the development is shown at the initial investigation stage which obtained integration’s urgency of pair check and guided inquiry method. The initial investigation is carried out by involving six science teachers as the research informants. The design phase includes some learning model development activities. While the realization phase is the compilation of an environmental learning model covering the aspects of syntax, social system, reaction principle, supporting system, instructional impact, and companion impact. This model is conducted through the validity stage by three experts. For the test and evaluation phase, it is the implementation of prototype test on the subject of Natural Science at two times which later provides evidence that the learning model contributes to the improvement of students' environmental knowledge.
Thermal conductance of nanostructured phononic crystals

The thermal conductance of mechanically suspended nanostructures has recently received much attention, in part due to the recent prediction and observation of the quantum limit for thermal conductance, which is observed in long, thin insulating beams at very low temperatures @D. E. Angelescu, M. C. Cross, and M. L. Roukes, Superlattices Microstruct. 23, 673 ~1998! ; K. Schwab, E. A. Henriksen, J. M. Norlock, and M. L. Roukes, Nature404, 974 ~2000! ; I. G. C. Rego and G. Kirczenow, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 232 ~1998! ; M. P. Blencowe, Phys. Rev. B59, 4992 ~1999! #. In this brief report, we describe a model calculation where the simple beam used to calculate quantum conductance @L. G. C. Rego and G. Kirczenow, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 232~1998! # is replaced by a beam made from an artificial one-dimensional phononic crystal. We find that at the lowest temperatures and longest thermal-phonon wavelengths, the quantum limit is recovered, while for intermediate temperatures, where the dominant phonon wavelength is of the order of the phononic-crystal repeat distance, a significant suppression of the conductance is predicted. At higher temperatures the conductance returns to that of a simple beam.
G efitinib T rial in a Fanconi ’ s A nem ia Patient

Hae Sun Jung, M.D., Gun-Woo Byun, M.D., Kyoung-Eun Lee, M.D., Yeung Chul Mun, M.D., Seung Hyun Nam, M.D., Jung Mi Kwon, M.D., Shi Nae Lee, M.D., Seock-Ah Im, M.D., Chu-Myong Seong, M.D. and Soon Nam Lee, M.D. Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, and the Department of Internal M edicine, Seoul National University College of M edicine, Seoul, Korea
Generalized Hesitant Fuzzy Sets

The hesitant fuzzy set (HFS) is useful to deal with the situation that decision makers (DMs) assign several possible values to a fixed set. It is convenient to collect and deal with DMs’ preferences in group decision making. However, HFSs have the information loss problem and cannot tell DMs from each other in group decision making. In order to deal with these problems, we develop a generalized hesitant fuzzy set (GHFS) in this paper, which is an extension of the HFS.
Negative evidence and negative feedback: immediate effects on the grammaticality of child speech

Until recently, a long-standing assumption in the field of child language acquisition research was that parents do not correct the grammatical errors of their children. While consensus now exists that potentially corrective responses are often supplied, controversy persists as to whether the child can identify and exploit such information in practice. To address these issues, this study adopts the contrast theory of negative input as a framework for analysis (Saxton 1995). In this theory, two distinct kinds of corrective input are identified, termed negative evidence and negative feedback, respectively. The corrective potential of each category was investigated by examining the immediate effects of each on the grammaticality of child speech. A longitudinal corpus of naturalistic data (49 hours) from a single child was analysed with respect to 11 grammatical categories. The effects of negative input were compared with two non-corrective sources of input, namely positive input and adult move-ons. It was found that grammatical forms were more frequent in child speech following negative evidence and negative feedback than either of the two non corrective sources of input. In light of these and related findings, it is argued that corrective input may well prove important in explanations for how the child eventually retreats from error to attain a mature system of grammar.
Forgiveness and reconciliation in transitional justice practices

In the last decades, the notions of forgiveness and reconciliation have been applied more and more in the public sphere. This paper claims that for- giveness in transitional justice practices is often difficult if not impossible to achieve, and that it could generate counterproductive processes. It is unclear what 'collective forgiveness' is, if it is a realistic concept at all. The expectation of for- giveness seems to generate much resistance, even when former oppressors take up responsibility or show regret. Often past-sensibilities are too strong, and in many victim-groups self-respect is lacking. Moreover, the role of emotions in pub- lic (and mediated) settings remains obscure. These complexities raise the question of whether forgiveness is an appropriate ideal to aim at in transitional justice prac- tices, especially when participants are involved in attempts at reconciliation in more or less coercive ways. To give up the ideal of forgiveness, however, does not imply that reconciliation is unattainable. Alternative accounts of reconciliation are pre- sented which do not start from forgiveness. These alternative accounts show that reconciliation is possible, but it seems important for former victims to regain some sense of self-worth and recognition by others first. Only then people can enter into the long process of rebuilding relationships of trust with former wrongdoers.
Self-sensing of Matrix Damage using Mechanophore-based Smart Polymer inFiber Reinforced Composites

Polymer matrix composites (PMCs) are widespread in engineering applications dueto their superior mechanical properties at low weight. However, they are susceptibleto damage due to their low interlaminar mechanical properties and poor electrical andthermal conductivities in the transverse direction to the laminate. Moreover, methods toinspect the embedded damage and to ensure the reliability of composites are expensiveand labor intensive. Recently, mechanophore-based smart polymer has attractedsignificant attention, especially for self-sensing of matrix damage in PMCs. A cyclobutane-based self-sensing approach using 1,1,1-tris (cinnamoyloxymethyl) ethane (TCE)and poly (vinyl cinnamate) (PVCi) has been studied in this paper. The developed TCEand PVCi based smart polymer blends were characterized to understand their thermaland mechanical properties. The self-sensing function was investigated at both the polymerlevel and composite laminate level. Fluorescence emissions from fiber reinforcedcomposite laminate were observed on specimens subjected to low velocity impact loadand low cycle fatigue load, indicating the presence of matrix cracks.
Refined Gelfand models for some finite complex reflection groups

In 'Involutory reflection groups and their models' (F. Caselli, 2010), a uniform Gelfand model is constructed for all complex reflection groups G(r,p,n) satisfying GCD(p,n)=1,2 and for all their quotients modulo a scalar subgroup. The present work provides a refinement for this model. The final decomposition obtained is compatible with the Robinson-Schensted generalized correspondence.