Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Viral Capture of a Host-Derived Immune Antagonist

Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) encoded by nidoviruses and rotaviruses (RVs) promote viral replication and pathogenesis. Putatively acquired by horizontal transfer of cellular PDE ancestor genes, viral PDEs inhibit the OAS-RNase L antiviral pathway, a key effector component of the innate immune response to dsRNA. Although the functional significance of these proteins is well-characterized, the evolutionary history of these proteins is less clear. We used phylogenetic approaches to identify at least five independent PDE acquisition events in viral evolutionary history. In addition, we assess that these PDE-encoding genes were horizontally transferred between coronavirus genera. Three viral clades within Nidovirales , merbecoviruses (MERS-CoV), embecoviruses (OC43), and toroviruses encode independently acquired PDEs, and a clade of rodent alphacoronaviruses acquired the embecovirus PDE via a relatively recent horizontal transfer event. Among rotaviruses, the Rotavirus A PDE was acquired independently from Rotavirus B and G PDEs, which share a common ancestor. Conserved motif analysis links all viral PDEs to a common ancestor among the mammalian AKAP7 proteins despite overall low levels of sequence conservation across these proteins. Additionally, we used ancestral sequence reconstruction and structural modeling to reveal that sequence and structural divergence are not well-correlated among these proteins. Specifically, merbecovirus PDEs are as structurally divergent from the ancestral protein and the solved human AKAP7 PDE structure as they are from each other. In contrast, comparisons of Rotavirus B and G PDEs reveal virtually unchanged structures despite evidence for loss of function in one, suggesting functionally significant changes that lie outside conserved catalytic sites. These findings highlight the complex and volatile evolutionary history of viral PDEs and provide a new framework to facilitate future studies on structural and sequence determinants of PDE function.
Economic Diversification and Infrastructural Development as Effective Strategies for Poverty Alleviation in Africa: the Nigerian Perspective

his paper interrogates the issue of poverty alleviation through economic T diversification and infrastructural development. Data is obtained from secondary sources which include-books, magazines, journals, periodicals, internet etc. The theory of diversification by Jean Limbs is adopted as the theoretical framework while the mode of analysis is qualitative. It runs in parts-introduction, the problem, theoretical perspectives, stages of diversification in emergent economies, methodology and analysis, conclusion and recommendations. The major findings of the study is that as a developing economy, Nigeria and indeed other African economies should concentrate on production and industrializing of commodities in which they have natural endowment and comparative advantage over other geographical areas. It concludes that government should first conduct a survey to ascertain which region is endowed with what products and how to boost such productivity. This will boost employment opportunities thus reducing poverty.
Modelling the formation of phonotactic restrictions across the mental lexicon

Experimental data shows that adult learners of an artificial language with a phonotactic restriction learned this restriction better when being trained on word types (e.g. when they were presented with 80 different words twice each) than when being trained on word tokens (e.g. when presented with 40 different words four times each) (Hamann & Ernestus submitted). These findings support Pierrehumbert's (2003) observation that phonotactic co-occurrence restrictions are formed across lexical entries, since only lexical levels of representation can be sensitive to type frequencies. We present a computational model that can explain the type- vs. token learning effects, namely bidirectional phonology and phonetics (Boersma 2007) with an additional semantic level (Apoussidou 2007).
Exploring Social Vulnerability to Natural Disasters in Urban Informal Settlements - Perspectives from Flooding in the Slums of Lagos, Nigeria

Within the last decades, there has been an extreme occurrence of natural disasters, especially in urban settlements. Due to this, there have been efforts to advance human understanding of social sources of vulnerability to these disasters in an attempt to reduce the high social and material costs. This study therefore explored social sources of vulnerability to natural disaster with focus on floods in informal settlements of Lagos. Lagos represents one of the cities with the fastest growing urban agglomerations in the world. About half of its population lives in informal settlements thereby exacerbating a high degree of vulnerability especially among slum dwellers. This study is based on a comprehensive household survey and key informants interviews as well as on focus group discussions. It documents the scale and frequency of flooding in informal settlements and the impacts as well as the household and community coping and adaptation mechanisms. It also explores the institutional responses and adaptations measures against the prevailing flood situation. The study also examines how factors such as lack of infrastructure, poor socio-economic and locational disadvantages contributes to the vulnerability of slum dwellers to floods. The coping and adaptation mechanisms employed in this study depended upon the diversity and accessibility of the available options, economic affordability of the households and level of social networking. From this study, social capital plays a leading role in galvanizing mutual help among neighbours and different networks. Based on the exposures and management capacities identified in this study, recommendations were also made on how to enhance capacities to reduce flood vulnerability in Lagos informal settlements.
Worldwide Population Structure of Escherichia coli Reveals Two 1 Major Subspecies 2

Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacterial species with both great biological diversity and important 33 clinical relevance. To study its population structure in both world-wide and genome-wide scales, we 34 scrutinise phylogenetically 104 high-quality complete genomes of diverse human/animal hosts, 35 among which 45 are new additions to the collection; most of them are clustered into two major clades: 36 Vig (vigorous) and Slu (sluggish). The two clades not only show distinct physiological features but 37 also genome content and sequence variation. Limited recombination and horizontal gene transfer 38 separate the two clades, as opposed to extensive intra-clade gene flow that functionally homogenizes 39 even commensal and pathogenic strains. The two clades that are genetically isolated should be 40 recognized as two subspecies both independently represent a continuum of possibilities range from 41 commensal to pathogenic phenotype. Additionally, the frequent intra-clade recombinant events, often 42 in larger fragments of over 5kb, indicates possibility of highly-efficient gene transfer mechanism 43 depending on inheritance. Underlying molecular mechanisms that constitute such recombinant 44 barrier between the subspecies deserve further exploration and investigations among broader 45 microbial taxa. between split into broader taxa of to the neighbour-joining tree, (1 − was used to applied two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for each dispensable in Vig and Slu. When p <0.01, the orthologue was enriched in Vig or Slu. Antibiotic-resistance genes were identified by using BLAST against CBMAR database with E value of 10 -5 and best hit.
Support For Telecommunication Alarming System Through Ticket Trouble Prediction

A rise in the occurrence of faults from various telecom network services and infrastructures has been detected with the expansion of the overall network. With today's advanced alarm management systems, there is a significant increase in the challenge of managing alarms using manual or rules-based techniques, especially when there is a need for highly experienced individuals to be deployed. As network size and complexity expand dramatically, it is becoming imperative to use data-driven approaches to recognize semantically comparable alarms produced by heterogeneous network components from several suppliers. The approach presented in this project utilizes Alert Management Systems to create a troubleshooting prediction model powered by data. A time and feature engineering function extraction are implemented in order to increase performance. Data collected from the primary Italian telecom operator has supported the model development and validation. Trouble Ticket prediction reduced the number of false positives that were seen in the experimental data.
Promoting Women Entrepreneurship: A Systematic Review On The Challenges

: In the business world, the emergence of woman entrepreneurs has prompted a new outlook. Women entrepreneurship is inextricably linked with societal and financial benefits. The women’s participation in entrepreneurial activities is limited. The challenge of gender gap in entrepreneurship is present universal across countries. Coughlin and Thomas (2002) defined women entrepreneurs as the women taking ownership for establishing, accomplishing the capital of the enterprise and face all risks for the financial growth. Munshi et al. (2011) stated that initiation of innovative activities towards business endeavours which facilitate economic empowerment and societal betterment of women is labelled as women entrepreneurship. The five year plan of India has embraced various approaches to promote women entrepreneurs. The seventh economic census of India documented that among the women entrepreneurs, 34.3 percent were involved in agricultural activities and 65.7 percent were non-agricultural entrepreneurs. The various schemes promoted by Indian ministry for promoting women entrepreneurs are Rashtriya Mahila Kosh, E-Haat, STEP, Nari Shakti Puraskar scheme and working women hostel scheme. Despite the various initiatives, the percentage of women entrepreneurs remains low in India. The author of the present study has conducted a systematic review of literature to understand the challenges in promoting women entrepreneurship in India. A review was conducted on the short list of 20 published research articles. A systematic method was used for conducting the review. The content analyses of the research articles were done using the review questions and data were extracted. Critical appraisal was done on the content and the salient highlights were documented. The author concludes that the major challenges faced were gender discrimination, conflict between work and family life, strain to raise capital, inadequate infrastructure, lack of education and training, lack of skills in managing risk and marketing, lack of stability in the business and the environment, scaling up the business, etc.
ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst

Given the established link between alcohol consumption and risk taking behavior, it is plausible that neighborhoods with higher density of drinking establishments will be associated with increased prevalence of HIV. We conducted an ecological study comparing neighborhoods in Luderitz, Namibia, to evaluate this relationship. We observed increased prevalence of HIV comparing high densities of registered and unregistered shebeens, bars, and total number of drinking establishments, as compared with low densities, were associated with increased prevalence of HIV (PR=3.02, 95% CI: 2.04-4.47; PR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.42-2.07; PR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.19-2.02). Our observation of increased prevalence associated with higher densities of drinking establishments merits consideration.
Clinical use of antibacterial mesh envelopes in cardiovascular electronic device implantations

: Cardiovascular implantable electronic device system infection is a serious complication of cardiac device implantation and carries with it a risk of significant morbidity and mortality. In the last 15 years, expansions of indications for cardiac devices have resulted in much higher volumes of much sicker patients being implanted, carrying significant risk of infection. Coagulase ( − ) Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus are responsible for the majority of these infections, and these organisms are increasingly resistant to methicillin. The Aigis™ envelop is a Food and Drug Administration–approved implantable mesh that is impregnated with antibiotics that can be placed in the surgical incision prior to closure. The antibiotics elute off the mesh for 7–10 days, providing in vivo surgical site coverage with rifampin and minocyclin. This paper reviews the three retrospective clinical trials published in peer-reviewed journals and the interim analysis of the two ongoing prospective trials that have been presented at international conferences. Overall consensus is that the Aigis™ offers significant risk reduction for cardiovascular implantable electronic device infection. We then give a comprehensive discussion of how to use the Aigis™ envelop in the clinical setting, comparing the manufacturer’s recommendations with our extensive clinical experience.
Enhance The Wireless Network Security With A Secure Trust Routing Approach

Networking technology is playing a major role in daily life for communicating each other. Security is the most important issue in wireless networks. Recently, trust and reputation mechanisms are used for providing security through monitoring the behavior. However, the existing works lack in providing reliable security to wireless networks. In this paper, we propose an intelligent dynamic trust model (IDT) for providing security in wireless networks. This model is the combination of dynamic trust and beta reputation trust for secure routing in wireless networks.
A Study of the Naive Bayes Classification Based on the Laplacian Matrix

—Due to Naive Bayes algorithm has good interpretability and performance, it is widely used to deal with classification problems. Naive Bayes assumes that the attributes are independent of each other. But the phenomenon of the correlations between attributes is always exists in fact. In most case the result of the classification will be strong influenced by these correlations. Thus, minimum the correlation among attributes has been deemed as a challenge for the Naive Bayes research community. In this work, we proposed an improved Naive Bayes method which uses the Laplacian matrix to reconstruct the dataset, since the laplacian matrix can describe the spatial relationship between data attributes well. Experiment results are shown that our method can greatly reduce the correlation between attributes.
Are successful colonizers necessarily invasive species ? The case of the so-called “invading parthogenetic cockroach”, Pycnoscelus surinamensis , in the Brazilian Atlantic forest

Les especes colonisatrices sont potentiellement des especes invasives. Meme dans le cas ou elles ne seraient pas encore devenues invasives a proprement parler, elles offrent l'occasion d'etudier des situations analogues aux etapes precedant ou amorcant l'invasion. Leur etude devrait permettre de mieux identifier les caracteristiques ecologiques specifiques qui conduisent a l'invasion biologique, en particulier par comparaison entre invasions reussies et invasions avortees. Ce type d'analyse doit necessairement completer la compilation habituelle des caracteristiques des especes invasives. La « blatte parthenogenetique envahissante » (selon son appellation la plus commune), Pycnoscelus surinamensis, a ete etudiee dans la region Atlantique du Bresil, afin de determiner si elle est capable de se disperser des plantations colonisees aux fragments forestiers perturbes et adjacents. P surinamensis a ete observee extremement rarement dans les fragments forestiers et sa presence n'a pas pu etre reliee a son abondance dans les plantations adjacentes mais plutot a l'activite humaine a l'interieur du fragment. Cette blatte n'est donc pas une espece invasive localement mais seulement une espece colonisatrice efficace. Des observations futures devront determiner si la cause de cette absence d'invasion peut etre recherchee dans une faible capacite de dispersion.
Role of Multinational Corporations in Automobile Industries: A Comparative Study Between India and Mexico

Resumen. El papel de Corporaciones Multinacionales (CMN) en los paises en vias de desarrollo no es nuevo en la arena de comercio internacional y la macroeconomia global. En el ambito del desarrollo economico mas significativo en recientes decadas, es el proceso de GLP (Globalizacion, Liberalizacion y Privatizacion) economico que se ha reflejado en un rapido crecimiento del co- mercio internacional y la ola en la Inversion Extranjera Directa (IED). Este proceso de gran magnitud se maneja por las nuevas inversiones de las corporaciones multinacionales. Una crecien- te porcion del mercado es ocupada por las CMN en India y Mexico y en la decada pasada era evidente su incursion en varios secto- res y en particular al sector automovilistico. Las Corporaciones Multinacionales buscan aprovecharse del inmenso potencial de mercado, pero tambien del surgimiento de areas desconocidas. Simultaneamente, India y Mexico se estan embarcando cada vez mas en estrategias de desarrollo economico orientadas a atraer la Inversion Extranjera Directa de las CMN como un medio para acceder a la tecnologia, el capital, organizacion, "know how" en el ambito de comercializacion, entre otros factores. En este docu- mento se hace un analisis comparativo en el desempeno del sec- tor automovilistico en India y Mexico, principalmente en vehicu- los de pasajero y carga ligera. Se examina el impacto y el papel de CMN en estas economias desde 1990, tambien se analizan as- pectos cuantitativos y cualitativos con datos empiricos que per- mitiran lustrar y reforzar algunos aspectos de la industria auto- movilistica contemporanea.
Exchange Rate Fluctuations and the Performance of the Nigerian Economy (1990-2016): Investigating the Nexus

he study examined the relationship between exchange rate fluctuations T and the performance of the Nigerian economy; for the period (1990-2016). Secondary data were used and sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimation technique was used to analyse the data. The result revealed that exchange rate has insignificant positive relationship with the performance of the Nigerian economy. The result also indicated that interest rate and inflation rate have negative insignificant relationship with the performance of the Nigerian economy. The coefficient of determination indicates about 65% of the variations in performance of the economy in Nigeria can be explained by changes in exchange rate variables. Thus, the study recommended that government should encourage the export promotion strategies in order to maintain a surplus balance of trade and also provide conducive environment, adequate security, effective fiscal and monetary policy, as well as infrastructural facilities so that foreign investors will be attracted to invest in Nigeria.
with the algorithm for proven and young

: 43 Efficient computing techniques allow the estimation of variance components for virtually any 44 traditional dataset. When genomic information is available, variance components can be 45 estimated using genomic REML (GREML). If only a portion of the animals have genotypes, 46 single-step GREML (ssGREML) is the method of choice. The genomic relationship matrix ( G ) 47 used in both cases is dense, limiting computations depending on the number of genotyped 48 animals. The algorithm for proven and young (APY) can be used to create a sparse inverse of G 49 ( G APY-1 ) with close to linear memory and computing requirements. In ssGREML, the inverse of 50 the realized relationship matrix ( H -1 ) also includes the inverse of the pedigree relationship 51 matrix, which can be dense with long pedigree, but sparser with short. The main purpose of this 52 study was to investigate whether costs of ssGREML can be reduced using APY with truncated 53 pedigree and phenotypes. We also investigated the impact of truncation on variance components 54 estimation when different numbers of core animals are used in APY. Simulations included 150K 55 animals from 10 generations, with selection. Phenotypes (h 2 = 0.3) were available for all animals 56 in generations 1-9. A total of 30K animals in generations 8 and 9, and 15K validation animals in 57 generation 10 were genotyped for 52,890 SNP. Average information REML and ssGREML with 58 G -1 and G APY-1 using 1K, 5K, 9K, and 14K core animals were compared. Variance components 59 are impacted when the core group in APY represents the number of eigenvalues explaining a 60
Gender Role And Socio-Economic Constraints For Women In Food Availability At Household Level

The different and complementary roles of men and women are necessary to understand in securing nutritional well-being of all members at community and household level. The objective of the study were, to identify the gender roles in household food availability and to analyze the socio-economic constraints for women in food security at the household level in Punjab, Pakistan. This cross sectional research was carried out in the rural areas of district Vehari and district Pakpattan and 480 women were interviewed for the collection of primary data. The data were analyzed by statistical techniques containing univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. Findings revealed that about 29.4% of the husband and wives both were involved in food production (growing and harvesting). Majority of the rural women were engaged in the agricultural activities and also off-farm activates. Moreover in 25.8% households, only husbands were involved in food production, in contrary to it, only 4.2 household women alone were involved in the field. In kitchen gardening, 8.1 % husbands and 7.9% wives had been involved. Moreover, 8.3% of the couples were involved in kitchen gardening together. Research revealed that gender role in food security has strong association with socio-cultural as well as economic constraints. It is difficult to maintain food security for household with low income. Therefore, as requirement on the fight against hunger and poverty is to promote the empowerment of rural women.
Potential eﬀects of dissolved cadmium on the diatom Thalassiosira curviseriata *

Concentrations of dissolved and particulate cadmium were measured in the water of the Bah´ıa Blanca Estuary, one of the most highly industrialised regions in Argentina. Simultaneously, Cd contents were also determined in samples of phytoplankton. Thus, the estuary was characterised from the viewpoint of Cd occurrence. Additionally, a microscale environment was selected within the estuary in order to carry out an ecotoxicological study. Thus, environmental parameters ( i.e. temperature, salinity, nutrients, chlorophyll a ) were measured weekly at Puerto Cuatreros (in the inner estuary) during winter, when the phytoplankton bloom occurs; during the other seasons sampling was done twice a week. In addition, cells of the diatom Thalassiosira curviseriata – the dominant species