Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributed Beam Tracking for Vehicular Communications via UAV-Assisted Cellular Network

In this paper, we propose a distributed beam tracking scheme for millimeter-wave unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted communication systems. In the considered systems, aerial node base (aNB) connects the ground vehicles (GV) through directive beams to mitigate the path loss. However, line-of-sight (LoS) blockage may result in the link disconnection, which leads to the corruption of observations. To solve this issue, we extend the one-to-one beam tracking into the multi-node cooperative beam tracking scheme. For the multi-node cooperative problem, we develop the distributed extended Kalman filter (EKF)-based beam tracking to overcome the high nonlinearity and field-of-view (FoV) limitation of the observation model. While the multi-node cooperation scheme alleviates the corruptions of the observations, it may cause the error propagation between neighbor nodes. Thus, we incorporate the resilient network control into the proposed scheme. Consequently, a distributed EKF-based multi-node cooperative beam tracking protocol is proposed for the correction of corrupted observations and link stability. From our comprehensive simulation, the result of the proposed scheme shows 87.07% error reduction compared to the single node method. This improvement is comparable to the result of the centralized method (91.28% error reduction), and the proposed scheme also has the advantage of scalability.
A Fast Cascading Method for Predicting the Coupling from External Plane Waves to PCBs

The radio frequency (RF) coupling to electronic devices impacts their EMC performance. The functionalities of a working electronic device may be disrupted when the electromagnetic (EM) coupling reaches a certain level. Studies of the EM coupling to printed circuit boards (PCBs) are therefore essential for RF susceptibility and EMC purposes. For decades, researchers focused on the analytical modeling of EM coupling to transmission lines. However, when it comes to more realistic PCBs the analysis usually still relies heavily on full-wave simulations because of the complexity of the structures and the lack of analytical solutions. Using a traditional full-wave modeling approach, however, could take hours to investigate the EM coupling from the external plane wave to the structure for one incident angle of arrival and polarization. In this paper, we present a methodology using reciprocity that allows for rapid estimation of the voltage induced in the terminations for multiple incident angles of the incoming plane wave and load values based on just one full-wave simulation. This reciprocity-based method is combined with a segmentation technique to enable the capability of studying the coupling to more realistic PCBs. For the cases studied here, estimates could be found in minutes using this approach rather than hours using a full-wave simulation. Estimates were within 2–3 dB of estimates using full-wave simulations for a simple trace structure. Accuracy was not as good for individual angles of arrival of an incident RF wave to a complicated structure including two integrated circuit (IC) packages connected by a trace, but statistical estimates of coupling were within 2–3 dB.
A hybrid neural network combining explicit priors for low-dose CT reconstruction

Low-dose CT reconstructions suffer from severe noise and artifacts. Many methods have been proposed to increase the ratio between image quality and radiation dose through incorporating various priors. By learning priors in labelled data-set, neural network methods have achieved great success for this purpose. In CT applications, however, paired training data-sets are rarely available or difficult to obtain. Recently, unsupervised learning has attracted a lot of attention. Along this line, Noise2Inverse, an unsupervised neural network architecture, has shown the possibility of applying unsupervised learning for low-dose CT reconstructions. When the training data-sets (unlabelled) are not large enough or the training is insufficient, however, Noise2Inverse might perform not well. Another important issue is that network methods might suffer from intrinsic instability. In this regard, we propose to hybrid neural networks, especially the Noise2Inverse architecture, with traditional optimization models such that hand-crafted priors come into play as a remedy. Numerical experiments show that the proposed architecture improves Noise2Inverse in terms of both quality measures PSNR and SSIM, especially in the case of inadequate training.
Classification of Automated Lane-Change Styles by Modeling and Analyzing Truck Driver Behavior: A Driving Simulator Study

Lane change is a highly demanding driving task. A number of traffic accidents are induced by erroneous maneuvers. An automated lane-change system has the potential to reduce the driver workload and improve driving safety. A challenge is to improve the driver acceptance of the automated system. From the perspective of human factors, an automated system with different styles would improve user acceptance, because drivers could drive with different styles in different driving scenarios. This paper proposes a method to design different lane-change styles for automated driving by analyzing and modeling truck-driver behavior. A truck driving simulator experiment with 12 participants was conducted to identify the driver-model parameters. The lane change styles were classified into three types: aggressive, medium, and conservative. The proposed automated lane-change system was evaluated by another truck driving simulator experiment with the same 12 participants. Moreover, the effects of different lane-change decisionmaking styles on the driver experience and acceptance were evaluated from the perspectives of both the ego truck and surrounding vehicles. The evaluation results demonstrate that different lane-change decisionmaking styles can be distinguished by drivers. Overall, the three styles were evaluated by the human drivers as being safe and reliable. The main contribution of this study is that it provides the insights into the design of an automated driving system with different driving styles. Furthermore, these observations can be applied to commercial automated trucks.
Moir\'e Superstructures in Marginally-Twisted NbSe$_2$ Bilayers

The creation of moir\'e superlattices in twisted bilayers of two-dimensional crystals has been utilised to engineer quantum material properties in graphene and transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors. Here, we examine the structural relaxation and electronic properties in small-angle twisted bilayers of metallic NbSe$_2$. Reconstruction appears to be particularly strong for misalignment angles $\theta_P$<2.9$^o$ and $\theta_{AP}$<1.2$^o$ for parallel (P) and antiparallel (AP) orientation of monolayers' unit cells, respectively. Multiscale modelling reveals the formation of domains and domain walls with distinct stacking, for which density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to map the shape of the bilayer Fermi surface and the relative phase of the CDW order in adjacent layers. We find a significant modulation of interlayer coupling across the moir\'e superstructure and the existence of preferred interlayer orientations of the CDW phase, necessitating the nucleation of CDW discommensurations at superlattice domain walls.
Polarity of oxide surfaces and nanostructures

Whenever a compound crystal is cut normal to a randomly chosen direction, there is an overwhelming probability that the resulting surface corresponds to a polar termination and is highly unstable. Indeed, polar oxide surfaces are subject to complex stabilization processes that ultimately determine their physical and chemical properties. However, owing to recent advances in their preparation under controlled conditions and to improvements in the experimental techniques for their characterization, an impressive variety of structures have been investigated in the last few years. Recent progress in the fabrication of oxide nano-objects, which have been largely stimulated by a growing demand for new materials for applications ranging from micro-electronics to heterogeneous catalysis, also offer interesting examples of exotic polar structures. At odds with polar orientations of macroscopic samples, some smaller size polar nano-structures turn out to be perfectly stable. Others are subject to unusual processes of stabilization, which are absent or not effective in their extended counterparts. In this context, a thorough and comprehensive reflexion on the role that polarity plays at oxide surfaces, interfaces and in nano-objects seems timely. This review includes a first section which presents the theoretical concepts at the root of the polar electrostatic instability and its compensation and introduces a rigorous definition of polar terminations that encompasses previous theoretical treatments; a second section devoted to a summary of all experimental and theoretical results obtained since the first review paper by Noguera (2000 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 12 R367); and finally a discussion section focusing on the relative strength of the stabilization mechanisms, with special emphasis on ternary compound surfaces and on polarity effects in ultra-thin films.
Unsupervised Pre-Training for 3D Leaf Instance Segmentation

Crops for food, feed, fiber, and fuel are key natural resources for our society. Monitoring plants and measuring their traits is an important task in agriculture often referred to as plant phenotyping. Traditionally, this task is done manually, which is time- and labor-intensive. Robots can automate phenotyping providing reproducible and high-frequency measurements. Today's perception systems use deep learning to interpret these measurements, but require a substantial amount of annotated data to work well. Obtaining such labels is challenging as it often requires background knowledge on the side of the labelers. This letter addresses the problem of reducing the labeling effort required to perform leaf instance segmentation on 3D point clouds, which is a first step toward phenotyping in 3D. Separating all leaves allows us to count them and compute relevant traits as their areas, lengths, and widths. We propose a novel self-supervised task-specific pre-training approach to initialize the backbone of a network for leaf instance segmentation. We also introduce a novel automatic postprocessing that considers the difficulty of correctly segmenting the points close to the stem, where all the leaves petiole overlap. The experiments presented in this letter suggest that our approach boosts the performance over all the investigated scenarios. We also evaluate the embeddings to assess the quality of the fully unsupervised approach and see a higher performance of our domain-specific postprocessing.
ANALISIS PENGARUH RASIO KEUANGAN TERHADAP BETA SAHAM PERUSAHAAN DI JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX (JII)

Perkembangan pasar modal syariah menunjukkan kemajuan seiring dengan meningkatnya indeks yang ditunjukkan dalam Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). Peningkatan indeks pada JII secara porsentase indeks, lebih besar dari IHSG. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya konsep halal, berkah dan bertambah pada pasar modal syariah yang memperdagangkan saham syariah. Pasar modal syariah menggunakan prinsip, prosedur, asumsi, instrumentasi dan aplikasi bersumber dari nilai epistemoligi Islam. Analisis rasio keuangan merupakan instrumen analisis prestasi perusahaan yang menjelaskan hubungan dan indikator keuangan, untuk menunjukkan perubahan dalam kondisi keuangan atau prestasi di masa lalu, dan membantu menggambarkan trend pola perubahan tersebut, untuk kemudian menunjukkan risiko dan peluang yang melekat pada perusahaan dan saham perusahaan yang bersangkutan. Hal tersebut menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang muncul dari analisis rasio keuangan terhadap risiko saham-saham perusahaan yang diperdagangkan dan terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). Maka penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh yang terjadi pada rasio-rasio keuangan terhadap beta saham-saham perusahaan yang terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa debt to total asset ratio (indikator pengukur rasio leverage), berpengaruh signifikan terhadap beta saham, dengan nilai t hitung (2.603) lebih besar dari nilai t tabel (2,028), dan nilai signifikansi (0,014) lebih kecil dari nilai AŽÂ± 0.05. Asset growth (tingkat pertumbuhan aktiva), berpengaruh signifikan terhadap beta saham, dengan nilai t hitung (2.038) lebih besar dari nilai t tabel (2,028), dan nilai signifikansi (0,050) sama dengan nilai AŽÂ± 0.05. Sedangkan variabel Price earning ratio (indikator rasio nilai pasar), berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap beta saham, dengan nilai t hitung (0.399) lebih kecil dari nilai t tabel (2,028), dan nilai signifikansi (0.693) lebih besar dari AŽÂ± 0.05. Pengujian simultan (secara bersama-sama) dengan uji F pada pengaruh rasio keuangan (price earning ratio, debt to total asset ratio, dan asset growth) terhadap beta saham, berpengaruh signifikan dengan nilai F hitung (3.266) pada nilai signifikansi (0,034) lebih kecil dari AŽÂ± 0.05.
Power control for wireless data

With cellular phones mass-market consumer items, the next frontier is mobile multimedia communications. This situation raises the question of power control for information sources other than voice. To explore this issue, we use the concepts and mathematics of microeconomics and game theory. In this context, the quality of service of a telephone call is referred to as the "utility" and the distributed power control problem for a CDMA telephone is a "noncooperative game". The power control algorithm corresponds to a strategy that has a locally optimum operating point referred to as a "Nash equilibrium". The telephone power control algorithm is also "Pareto efficient" in the terminology of game theory. When we apply the same approach to power control in wireless data transmissions, we find that the corresponding strategy, while locally optimum, is not Pareto efficient. Relative to the telephone algorithm, there are other algorithms that produce higher utility for at least one terminal, without decreasing the utility for any other terminal. This paper presents one such algorithm. The algorithm includes a price function, proportional to the transmitter power. The price acts as a tax on the utility of a transmission. When terminals adjust their power levels to maximize the net utility (utility price), they arrive at lower power levels and higher utility than they achieve when they individually strive to maximize utility.
Implementing data-dependent triangulations with higher order Delaunay triangulations

The Delaunay triangulation is the standard choice for building triangulated irregular networks (TINs) to represent terrain surfaces. However, the Delaunay triangulation is based only on the 2D coordinates of the data points, ignoring their elevation. It has long been recognized that sometimes it may be beneficial to use other, non-Delaunay, criteria to build TINs. Data-dependent triangulations were introduced decades ago to address this. However, they are rarely used in practice, mostly because the optimization of data- dependent criteria often results in triangulations with many thin and elongated triangles. Recently, in the field of computational geometry, higher order Delaunay triangulations (HODTs) were introduced, trying to tackle both issues at the same time-data-dependent criteria and good triangle shape. Nevertheless, most previous studies about them have been limited to theoretical aspects. In this work we present the first extensive experimental study on the practical use of HODTs, as a tool to build data-dependent TINs. We present experiments with two USGS terrains that show that HODTs can give significant improvements over the Delaunay triangulation for the criteria identified as most important for data-dependent triangulations. The resulting triangulations have data-dependent values comparable to those obtained with pure data-dependent approaches, without compromising the shape of the triangles, and are faster to compute.
Quadratus lumborum block with paramedian sagittal oblique (subcostal) approach

standard Macintosh laryngoscope. Anaesthesia 2015; 70: 1281–5. 2. Zaouter C, Calderon J, Hemmerling TM. Videolaryngoscopy as a new standard of care. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2015; 114: 181–3. 3. Frohlich S, Borovickova L, Foley E, O’Sullivan E. A comparison of tracheal intubation using the McGrath or the Macintosh laryngoscopes in routine airway management. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 2011; 28: 465–7. 4. Walker L, Brampton W, Halai M. Randomized controlled trial of intubation with the McGrath series 5 videolaryngoscope by inexperienced anaesthetists. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2009; 103: 440–5. 5. Paul A, Gibson AA, Robinson OD, Koch J. The traffic light bougie: A study of a novel safety modification. Anaesthesia 2014; 69: 214–8. 6. Shippey B, Ray D, McKeown D. Use of the McGrath videolaryngoscope in the management of difficult and failed tracheal intubation. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2008; 100: 116–9. 7. McGuire BE. Use of the McGrath videolaryngoscope in awake patients. Anaesthesia 2009; 64: 912–4. 8. Ilyas S, Symons J, Bradley WP. A prospective randomised controlled trial comparing tracheal intubation plus manual in-line stabilisation of the cervical spine using the macintosh laryngoscope vs the McGrath series 5 videolaryngoscope. Anaesthesia 2014; 69: 1345–50. 9. Pandit JJ, Popat MT, Cook TM. The difficult airway society ‘ADEPT’ guidance on selecting airway devices: The basis of a strategy for equipment evaluation. Anaesthesia 2011; 66: 726–37.
Supplementary biotin decreases tibial bone weight, density and strength in riboflavin-deficient starter diets for turkey poults

Abstract 1. Growth and skeletal responses to different dietary concentrations of riboflavin and biotin were compared in turkey poults from hatch to 21 d of age. The birds were fed on a turkey starter diet with different concentrations of supplementary riboflavin (0, 20 and 40 mg/kg) and biotin (0, 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg) in a factorial design. 2. Poults fed on diets with no supplementary riboflavin had poor gait scores, decreased times to sit and higher rates of culling compared to poults fed on the control diet (20 mg biotin and 0.3 mg riboflavin/kg diet). Histologically, riboflavin deficiency was associated with a peripheral neuropathy similar to that described previously in chicks and, unexpectedly, in growth plate abnormalities. 3. Tibiae of poults fed on the control diet were larger, more dense, stronger and stiffer than the diets with no supplementary riboflavin. 4. Increasing supplementary biotin in poults fed on diets with no supplementary riboflavin was associated with a decrease in tibia weight, density, strength and stiffness. 5. The results demonstrated that riboflavin deficiency in fast-growing turkey poults was associated with growth retardation, growth plate disturbance and peripheral nerve dysfunction leading to an inability to walk.
The role of attachment to parents in the etiology of substance use disorder

Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a major public health problem costing over 500 billion dollars annually. An estimated 24.6 million Americans over age 12 were illicit drug users. 21.5 million are classified with dependence or abuse of alcohol and/or illicit drugs. Despite research efforts, the understanding of SUD etiology is still limited. Much research shows that SUD runs in families due to genetic and environmental contributions. Low attachment to parents, consequent to the chronic effects of parental SUD, may underlie the association between parents' and offspring's SUD. To date, limited research has been conducted to determine whether parent-child attachment bears on the relationship between SUD in parents and SUD risk in offspring. The aim of the current study was to determine the role of attachment to parents in the mechanism by which SUD in parents contributes to SUD risk in children. It was hypothesized that (1) parents' substance use severity, among other SUD related variables, most consistently predicted substance involvement (substance use and SUD severity) in sons; (2) attachment to parents was associated with sons' substance involvement, after accounting for parental substance use severity; (3) attachment to parents mediated and moderated the association between parents' and sons' substance use severity. Linear regression analysis determined that parental substance use severity was the most consistent predictor of sons' substance involvement. Structural equation modeling showed that parental substance use severity mediated the association between parental SUD severity and sons' substance use severity. After controlling for parental substance use severity and supervision, attachment to parents explained additional variance in sons' substance involvement, and was associated with the onset rates of cannabis initiation, regular use, and problems with use. Structural equation modeling showed that attachment to fathers' mediated the relationship between fathers' and sons' substance use severity, which leads to sons' SUD. No significant moderation effects were found for attachment to parents. Attachment to parents also predicted illicit substance use at age 16. This study establishes that parent-child attachment is an integral factor in SUD etiology. Attachment based assessment and prevention tools may potentially improve clinical outcomes.
Developmental Plasticity: FMRI Investigations into Human Visual Cortex

1111¢111111111¢11111£ð11111 111¢11i11111111111¢ð111i1111111¢11£11111111ð1111111i111111111111113£111u1¢1111u1uiið1ý W,Z þuð11i1£1111111111¢1 i1 1ð11¢11111111£1111¢11ý [,WW þi111 111i11¢111 i1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ð1 1 111111111u u1111111iWiWi1111¢11 11111¢1 11111,13£1111i111111111 11 1iý[ þ1u1Wui11¢11£11¢1i111111 11111ý WX þi11¢1111113ð1 1 11111111111111£1111¢111111,1£1u1ý [þ11111ui
What the Best College Teachers Do

*1. Introduction: Defining the Best *2. What Do They Know about How We Learn? *3. How Do They Prepare to Teach? *4. What Do They Expect of Their Students? *5. How Do They Conduct Class? *6. How Do They Treat Their Students? *7. How Do They Evaluate Their Students and Themselves? * Epilogue: What Can We Learn from Them? * Appendix: How the Study Was Conducted * Notes * Acknowledgments * Index