Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal variations of the spring persistent rains and SCS subtropical high and their correlations to the circulation and precipitation of the East Asia summer monsoon.

National Meteorological Information Center (NMIC) rainfall data and NCEP/NCAR daily circulation reanalysis data are employed to establish onset-pentad index of SPR (Spring persistent rain) and the drop-pentad index of the South China Sea Sub-High (SCSSH). These indexes are used to study the relationship between the factors in SPR period and their relations to the circulation and precipitation of the East Asia summer monsoon (EASM). Results show that, the summer rainfall over southeastern China decreases when SPR onset is late. For then EASM strengthens and the cyclonic circulation around the Tibet Plateau (TP) strengthens, which makes abnormal anti-cyclonic circulation (cyclonic convergent circulation weakens) appear over southeastern China. When the drop of SCSSH delays, abnormal flood prevail on the south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river. That is mainly caused by EASM weakening while SCSSH strengthening. The anomalous southwesterly over South China and the northerlies of abnormal anti-cyclonic circulation around TP converge over the Yangtze valley. The onset-pentad index and the drop-pentad index are independent with each other, which is favorable to the prediction of the anomalies of the circulation and precipitation of EASM. The two indexes have high correlations with Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) in March, indicating that the climate abnormity in East Asia correlates with global climate abnormity tightly. From this point of view, we must take the global climate background into account when we analyse and predict the East Asia summer circulation and precipitation.
Ion‐Scale Magnetic Flux Rope Generated From Electron‐Scale Magnetopause Current Sheet: Magnetospheric Multiscale Observations

We present in‐depth analysis of three southward‐moving meso‐scale (ion‐to magnetohydrodynamic‐scale) flux transfer events (FTEs) and subsequent crossing of a reconnecting magnetopause current sheet (MPCS), which were observed on 8 December 2015 by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft in the subsolar region under southward and duskward magnetosheath magnetic field conditions. We aim to understand the generation mechanism of ion‐scale magnetic flux ropes (ISFRs) and to reveal causal relationship among magnetic field structures, electromagnetic energy conversion, and kinetic processes in magnetic reconnection layers. Results from magnetic field reconstruction methods are consistent with a flux rope with a length of about one ion inertial length growing from an electron‐scale current sheet (ECS) in the MPCS, supporting the idea that ISFRs can be generated through secondary reconnection in an ECS. Grad‐Shafranov reconstruction applied to the three FTEs shows that the FTEs had axial orientations similar to that of the ISFR. This suggests that these FTEs also formed through the same secondary reconnection process, rather than multiple X‐line reconnection at spatially separated locations. Four‐spacecraft observations of electron pitch‐angle distributions and energy conversion rate j·E′=j·E+ve×B $\mathbf{j}\cdot {\mathbf{E}}^{\prime }=\mathbf{j}\cdot \left(\mathbf{E}+{\mathbf{v}}_{\mathrm{e}}\times \mathbf{B}\right)$ suggest that the ISFR had three‐dimensional magnetic topology and secondary reconnection was patchy or bursty. Previously reported positive and negative values of j·E′ $\mathbf{j}\cdot {\mathbf{E}}^{\prime }$ , with magnitudes much larger than expected for typical MP reconnection, were seen in both magnetosheath and magnetospheric separatrix regions of the ISFR. Many of them coexisted with bi‐directional electron beams and intense electric field fluctuations around the electron gyrofrequency, consistent with their origin in separatrix activities.
New PWM Soft Single Switched Step-Up Coupled Inductor Converter with Improved Efficiency

Abstract This article presents a new high-step-up converter based on the combination of the diode-coupled inductor technique and a Zeta-Flyback converter. This technique helps to achieve high-step-up gain, also provides soft-switching condition. The switch turns on at zero-current switching (ZCS) and extremely near zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and turns off at ZVS. The diodes are turned off at ZCS, so the reverse recovery problem is alleviated. Experimental results were obtained as a 100 W to validate the converter’s performance, and the concepts are presented in the article. At the end of article, a family of nonisolated and isolated converters based on the studied converter is proposed. The proposed converters, which are based on the CUK family converters, benefiting from the intrinsic magnetizing isolation property.
Multi-Matrix Approach for the Analysis of Bicalutamide Residues in Oncology Centers by HPLC–FLD

Cytostatics are toxic pharmaceuticals, whose presence in surfaces puts healthcare workers at risk. These drugs might also end up in hospital effluents (HWW), potentially damaging aquatic ecosystems. Bicalutamide is a cytostatic extensively consumed worldwide, but few analytical methods exist for its quantification and most of them require advanced techniques, such as liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), which are very complex and expensive for large monitoring studies. Therefore, a simple but reliable multi-matrix high performance liquid chromatographic method, with fluorescence detection, was developed and validated to rapidly screen abnormal concentrations of bicalutamide in HWW and relevant contamination levels of bicalutamide in indoor surfaces (>100 pg/cm2), prior to confirmation by LC-MS. The method presents good linearity and relatively low method detection limits (HWW: 0.14 ng/mL; surfaces: 0.28 pg/cm2). Global uncertainty was below 20% for concentrations higher than 25 ng/mL (HWW) and 50 pg/cm2 (surfaces); global uncertainty was little affected by the matrix. Therefore, a multi-matrix assessment could be achieved with this method, thus contributing to a holistic quantification of bicalutamide along the cytostatic circuit. Bicalutamide was not detected in any of the grab samples from a Portuguese hospital, but an enlarged sampling is required to conclude about its occurrence and exposure risks.
Finite wordlength effects analysis of a digital neural adaptive tracking controller for a class of nonlinear dynamical systems

In this paper, analysis of the finite wordlength effects for the implementation of a digital neural networks adaptive tracking controller and the update law of the weight matrices for a class of nonlinear system is proposed. Both the quantization and computational errors are considered. In the sense of the Lyapunov stability, weight matrices of the neural networks and the error between the identified states and real system states will converge during finite time interval. Moreover, a robust stability condition can be obtained in terms of the mantissa bit number. Based on this criterion, the existence of the controller can be guaranteed.
Pressure-gradient-dependent logarithmic laws in sink flow turbulent boundary layers

Experiments were done on sink flow turbulent boundary layers over a wide range of streamwise pressure gradients in order to investigate the effects on the mean velocity profiles. Measurements revealed the existence of non-universal logarithmic laws, in both inner and defect coordinates, even when the mean velocity descriptions departed strongly from the universal logarithmic law (with universal values of the Kármán constant and the inner law intercept). Systematic dependences of slope and intercepts for inner and outer logarithmic laws on the strength of the pressure gradient were observed. A theory based on the method of matched asymptotic expansions was developed in order to explain the experimentally observed variations of log-law constants with the non-dimensional pressure gradient parameter (Δp=(ν/ρU3τ)dp/dx). Towards this end, the system of partial differential equations governing the mean flow was reduced to inner and outer ordinary differential equations in self-preserving form, valid for sink flow conditions. Asymptotic matching of the inner and outer mean velocity expansions, extended to higher orders, clearly revealed the dependence of slope and intercepts on pressure gradient in the logarithmic laws.
Serum neuropeptide Y and peptide YY levels in response to ingestion of germinated brown rice in healthy adults

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the acute effect of 100 grams of germinated brown rice (GBR) intake on plasma glucose and insulin, serum levels of peptide YY (PYY) and neuropeptide Y (NPY), as well as appetite perception in healthy subjects compared to white rice (WR). Compared to WR (p < .05, all), serum NPY was lower at 60 minutes and 120 minutes after GBR ingestion and further decreased after 120 minutes (p < .05) compared to the baseline levels. Neither GBR nor WR had any effect on PYY, glucose, or insulin levels. Decreased hunger and increased fullness after ingestion were reported in both instances but did not differ between the rice types. In conclusion, we revealed novel evidence that GBR decreased serum NPY levels, while both GBR and WR decreased hunger and increased the perception of fullness. These results suggest that GBR might slow down the subjects’ appetites through the NPY effect.
Detection of Collimated Bipolar Outflows in the Planetary Nebula NGC 6572 Shaping Its Nebular Shell

Highly collimated bipolar outflows have been detected in the planetary nebula NGC 6572 via ground-based optical imagery and high-resolution long-slit spectroscopy. Kinematics and morphology together provide strong evidence of a direct interaction between the collimated outflows and the nebular elliptical shell, creating a double point-symmetric structure. As a consequence of this interaction, the elliptical shell has been broken up, and in this process parts of the shell have been accelerated, while the collimated outflow has been slowed down and/or deflected. These results strengthen the notion that collimated outflows are common in planetary nebulae and may play an important role in shaping the nebular shells. In addition, our kinematic data give a solid confirmation of previous estimates used to derive the distance to this nebula with the parallax expansion method.
Mean-flow and turbulent characteristics of free and impinging jet flows

Numerical solutions are presented of the governing equations for three plane flows: the laminar free jet; the developing turbulent free jet; and the turbulent impinging jet for different ratios h/b of the nozzle height h above the plate to the nozzle width b. The accuracy of the numerical procedure is demonstrated by comparing the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for the laminar-flow case with their analytical boundary-layer solution. For turbulent flows these equations are solved after Reynolds averaging. Closure is achieved by a two-equation turbulence model in conjunction with three alternative algebraic expressions for the turbulent stresses. The capabilities of such an approach are illustrated by the extent and consistency of the predictions and the satisfactory agreement of the measurable quantities with the more reliable experimental data in the literature. The limitations of the models employed, evident from their lack of universality, are discussed in the light of their derivation from more complex ‘single-point’ closures. Features of the flows studied of interest include: the near-nozzle behaviour of a ‘finite’ laminar free jet; the potential core and transition regions of a turbulent free jet, along with the fully developed similarity profiles; the enhanced heat-transfer characteristics of impinging jet flows; and the similarity of the developing wall jet after impingement to the standard wall-jet configuration.
Hemorrhage complications in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: Risk factors and association with adverse pregnancy outcomes

Background Bleeding complications are recognized as relatively infrequent manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), and the safety of antithrombotic therapy during pregnancy is of concern. This study aims to assess the risk factors and possible associations between bleeding complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) in patients with APS. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Peking University People’s Hospital. The clinical and immunologic features, bleeding complications, treatment, and pregnancy outcomes of patients with APS were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to assess the associations between APOs and bleeding complications. Results A total of 176 participants with obstetric APS were included in the analysis. There were 66 (37.50%) patients with APS with hemorrhage complications and 86 (48.86%) patients with APS with APOs. Mucocutaneous hemorrhage was associated with APOs including fetal death after 12 weeks [odds ratio (OR) = 10.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.61–71.74, p = 0.014], preterm delivery prior to 34 weeks (OR = 8.30, 95% CI: 2.31–29.84, p = 0.001), and small for gestational age (OR = 4.17, 95% CI: 1.22–14.21, p = 0.023) in univariate logistic regression analyses. It also independently associated with preterm delivery prior to 34 weeks (OR = 40.29, 95% CI: 1.45–1121.32, p = 0.030) in multivariate logistic regression analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis evaluating the accuracy of these factors for preterm delivery prior to 34 weeks showed that the area under ROC curve was 0.871. Conclusion The study shows that mucocutaneous hemorrhage may be an indication of the occurrence of APOs in obstetric patients with APS.
Interaction of Lead and Cadmium Reduced Cadmium Toxicity in Ficus parvifolia Seedlings

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) pollution occurs widely in soils due to various anthropogenic activities. Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) coexist in soil frequently, threatening plant growth. To explore the interaction effect between Pb and Cd in Ficus parvifolia and the response of plant physiological characteristics to Pb and Cd stress, we designed a soil culture experiment. The experiment demonstrated that Pb stress improved leaf photosynthesis ability, while Cd stress inhibited it. Furthermore, Pb or Cd stress increased malonaldehyde (MDA) content, but plants were able to reduce it by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities. The presence of Pb could alleviate Cd phytotoxicity in plants by inhibiting Cd uptake and accumulation as well as increasing leaf photosynthesis and antioxidant ability. Pearson correlation analysis illustrated that the variability of Cd uptake and accumulation between Pb and Cd stress was related to plant biomass and antioxidant enzyme activities. This research will offer a new perspective on alleviating Cd phytotoxicity in plants.
Reinforcement Learning in Portfolio Management with Sharpe Ratio Rewarding Based Framework

— Portfolio management is a financial operation which aims at maximizing the return or optimizing the Sharpe Ratio. One widely used portfolio management strategy, Mean-Variance Optimization, also known as Modern Portfolio Theory, mainly profits by focusing on finding out the expected return and variance of stocks based on historical data to maximize Sharpe Ratio. Yet, it is not easy and accurate to simply predict future return and variance based on a formula. So, in this paper, two Models-free framework, Sharpe Ratio reward based Deep Q-Network (DQN-S) and Return reward (DQN-R) are proposed to overcome the limitations above. Deep Q-learning was employed to train a neural network to manage a stock portfolio of 10 stocks. Stock price was defined as environment of NN, weight of portfolio was defined as action of neural network agent, and reward was indicated to train the model. Traditional portfolio allocation strategy Mean Variance Optimization (MVO) and Naïve Portfolio Allocation (NPA) were also introduced as benchmark to evaluate the performance of reinforcement learning. Moreover, the extensiveness of DQN-S was discussed. The result shows that the MVO is dominating the NPA with a 5% higher annual return and 0.5 higher of Sharpe ratio, although the MDD is slightly higher, indicating the superiority of Sharpe Ratio oriented strategy.
Conditional and predictive probability integral transforms

The conditional probability integral transform, used in goodness-of-fit tests, is compared with its Bayesian counterpart, the predictive probability integral transform, and it is shown that under suitable conditions, in the presence of an adequate group structure, they yield the same transformed random variable, usually uniform on the unit interval. La transformation d'une variable aleatoire par une loi conditionnelle intervenant dans la theorie des tests d'ajustement est comparee a sa contrepartie bayesienne, qui est fondee sur la loi predictive. On montre que sous certaines conditions et en presence d'une structure de groupe adequate, les deux transformations donnent lieu a la měme variable aleatoire, qui est generalement equidistribuee sur l'intervalle (0, 1).
Stratospheric Predictability: Basic Characteristics in JMA 1-Month Hindcast Experiments for 1979–2009

AbstractThis study investigates basic characteristics of stratospheric predictability in the Northern Hemisphere using 1-month hindcast (HC) experiment data from the Japan Meteorological Agency for 1979–2009. The author describes characteristics of forecast properties of spread, error (root-mean-square error), and anomaly correlation, contrasting the stratosphere and troposphere for different seasons and exploring the so-called spread–skill relationship for the winter stratosphere. The properties are defined for each HC set (ensemble forecasts initialized on the same day). The error and anomaly correlation are calculated with the ensemble mean as measures of forecast accuracy. The author also examines the role of stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) in variations in forecast accuracy. Results show that, for lead times shorter than about 10–15 days, the accuracy of the HC data is higher on average and more variable in the stratosphere than in the troposphere, especially for the northern winter. This is ref.
Comparison of Various Microwave Breakdown Prediction Models

This paper is concerned with presenting a comparison of various microwave breakdown prediction models when applied to predicting breakdown of a practical antenna system located in a partially ionized environment. Solutions for the breakdown conditions are obtained numerically, allowing for the field and environment properties to have arbitrary spatial variation. The models are applied to predictions of breakdown for an S‐band slot radiating from a reentry vehicle, and the enviroment properties are taken from aerodynamic conditions existing along the descent trajectory. The three models compared consist of a linear model, a variational model, and a nonlinear model. The models are based on the electron‐continuity equation and allow for the effects of diffusion (including the transition from ambipolar to free diffusion), high‐temperature effects, and recombination, which, to our knowledge, have not been treated previously in a single model.
A Specific Case of Generalized Einstein-aether Theories

与在一十年探索的黑暗精力现象，在这个现在的工作，我们讨论概括爱因斯坦醚理论，修改 Friedmann 方程在 DvaliGabadadzePorrati (DGP ) brane 世界模型在类似于那的一个特定的盒子。 我们由使用最近的类型 Ia supernovae ( SNe Ia )在这个特定的盒子中在模型参数上计算联合统计限制数据，宇宙的微波背景( CMB )移动参数数据，并且声学的摆动( BAO )数据由 Sloan 数字天空调查( SDSS )跟踪了的 baryonic 。 而且，我们分析其它从观察哈勃参数数据(OHD ) 抑制。 与标准宇宙论的模型(宇宙论的经常的冷黑暗的事(CDM ) 模型) 一起的比较清楚地被显示出；另外，我们在这在在联合经常的 M 之间的有趣的关系上评论说模型和专辑在没有介绍神秘黑暗物质， Milgrom 开始为解释星系旋转与希望给的模型弄弯的修改牛顿的动力学(MOND ) 加速规模。
OPTIMAL DISTAL SCREW ALIGNMENT IN THE GAMMA NAIL

The effect of stress distribution due to the changes of the distal screw alignment in relation to the Gamma nail and the femoral shaft is thoroughly studied in this paper. Failure of the Gamma nail composite occurs through the cranial aperture of the distal screws and the insertion hole for the lag screw due to nonunion, delayed-union and continued weight-bearing. A three-dimensional finite element model was used to study the fractured femur, the Gamma nail, the lag screw and the distal locking screws. The first and the second distal screws were inserted into the Gamma nail in four different configurations. We found that the stress of the Gamma nail composite was substantially reduced with the two screws configured in the anterior to posterior direction. This alignment can bear greater loading in the more demanding fracture types. In the subtrochanteric fracture or the comminuted fractures at the proximal femur, the optimal alignment of the two distal screws was in the anterior to posterior direction.
Patulous Pegboard Polygons

A problem in a recent competition was: Given a 2004 by 2004 square grid of dots, what is the largest number of edges of a convex polygon whose vertices are dots in the grid? Of course, the question can be asked for any value of 2004, say n. For n = 2, 3 and 4 it's easy to see (Figure 1) that the answers are p = 2n: 4 6 8 Figure 1: The best polygons for n = 2, 3 and 4 The next three (Figure 2) are not quite so obvious:
HAW: Hardware-Aware Point Selection for Efficient Winograd Convolution

Winograd's minimal filtering algorithm effectively reduces the multiplication arithmetic complexity of Convolutional Neural Networks. However, Winograd convolutions in current implementations are limited to small feature tiles for two reasons: the numerical error and the overhead of the transformations. The performance of Winograd convolutions is determined by the points used to construct transformation matrices, which raises a great challenge to find the optimal points: it requires exploring the vast design space trading off between numerical accuracy and hardware resource consumption. In this letter, we introduce the Hardware-Aware point selection framework for efficient Winograd convolution, which leverages reinforcement learning to determine the point selection policy. We design three reward functions to optimize numerical accuracy and circuit area. Experiments demonstrate that Winograd convolutions using our policies outperform state-of-the-art methods in circuit area and accuracy.
Calpain inhibitor MDL28170 alleviates cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury by suppressing inflammation and autophagy in a rat model of cardiac arrest

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is associated with a poor neurological prognosis in patients who have experienced cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential role of a calpain inhibitor in CIRI using a rat model of CA. CA was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, and MDL28170 (a calpain inhibitor) was administered to the rats within 30 min after the return of spontaneous circulation. Differences between groups were evaluated by measuring survival rate, CPR duration and neurological deficit score. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Nissl staining were performed to assess cerebral injury, and microstructure and autophagy were assessed by transmission electron microscopy. The levels of calpain-1, calpain-2, calpastatin, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, P62, beclin-1 and LC3 in the brain tissues were determined using western blotting and double immunofluorescence staining. There was no significant difference in CPR duration or survival rate among the groups. At 24 h after CPR, the CA group demonstrated damaged tissue morphology; decreased neurological deficit scores, and P62 expression; and upregulated calpain-2, IL-1βp17, TNF-α, beclin-1 and LC3 levels in the cortex. However, MDL28170 improved neuronal function and suppressed inflammation and autophagy by inhibiting calpain-2 level, but there were no differences in the calpain-1 and calpastatin levels. These results suggest that calpain-2, inflammation and autophagy are involved in CA-induced CIRI. MDL28170 inhibited calpain-2 expression, inflammation and autophagy, which suggests its potential efficacy in treating post-CA nerve damage.