Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Compatible: Artificial Intelligence and the Problem of Control

"The most important book I have read in quite some time" (Daniel Kahneman); "A must-read" (Max Tegmark); "The book we've all been waiting for" (Sam Harris) LONGLISTED FOR THE 2019 FINANCIAL TIMES AND MCKINSEY BUSINESS BOOK OF THE YEAR; A FINANCIAL TIMES BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR 2019 Humans dream of super-intelligent machines. But what happens if we actually succeed? Creating superior intelligence would be the biggest event in human history. Unfortunately, according to the world's pre-eminent AI expert, it could also be the last. In this groundbreaking book on the biggest question facing humanity, Stuart Russell explains why he has come to consider his own discipline an existential threat to our species, and lays out how we can change course before it's too late. There is no one better placed to assess the promise and perils of the dominant technology of the future than Russell, who has spent decades at the forefront of AI research. Through brilliant analogies and crisp, lucid prose, he explains how AI actually works, how it has an enormous capacity to improve our lives - but why we must ensure that we never lose control of machines more powerful than we are. Here Russell shows how we can avert the worst threats by reshaping the foundations of AI to guarantee that machines pursue our objectives, not theirs. Profound, urgent and visionary, Human Compatible is the one book everyone needs to read to understand a future that is coming sooner than we think.
Solvent Pretreatments of Lignocellulosic Materials to Enhance Biogas Production: A Review

Biogas production via anaerobic digestion is a constantly growing technology all around the world. Lignocellulosic materials (LMs) present several features that make them particularly attractive among the organic substrates commonly employed in anaerobic bioreactors. However, their recalcitrance to biological conversion still hinders their application for commercial production of biogas and requires a pretreatment step to improve their microbial degradability. Among the several pretreatments proposed for LMs, cellulose solvents and organosolv pretreatments are arising as the most effective in disrupting the bonds among cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, thus increasing the accessible surface area of the biodegradable matter for microbes. Here, the solvents that have been employed as pretreatment to enhance the biogas production yields from the anaerobic digestion of LMs are reviewed, examining the dissolution mechanisms involved, as well as the main advantages and drawbacks for their full-scale applica.
Türkiye’deki Profesyonel Futbol Kulüplerinin Alt Yapılarındaki Antrenörlerin İş Doyum Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

The aim of this research is to ascertain the job satisfaction levels of the trainers working at the infrastructures of Professional football clubs in Turkey in 2006-2007 seazon and analyze the differences in terms of education status ,age. The sample of the research has comprised 390 infrastructure trainers working for the “Super league, The 2nd League Group A, The 2nd League Group B and The 3rd League” clubs having taken part in the Professional Football Leagues in Turkey in the season of 2006 and 2007. In this study “ Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale developed by Weis, David, England and Lofguist (1967) was used to gather data. The job satisfaction scale has been applied to 390 infrastructure trainer and the co-efficient of the inner consistency of this scale (cronba alfa) has been found 0,89 in the reliability study on same of the data (n=153) gained from these people. In the analysis of data, the package program of (SPSS) 12.00 has been used. 0,05 importance has been taken info considering in the relations and differences of the variables. As results, there are no significant differences in trainers job satisfaction levels in terms of age, trainer seniority , trainer document, the category of club and education status
Proliferation and Apoptosis Effect of Combining Metformin and Adriamycin on Breast Cancer Cells

Objective: To investigate the effect of combining metformin and Adriamycin on the proliferation and apoptosis effect of MDA-MB-231 cell line.Methods: MDA-MB-231 cells were treated by metformin and Adriamycin for 4 days.The proliferation of MDA-MB-231 was tested by MTT assay.The clone formation of MDA-MB-231 was assessed by clone formation assay.The cell apoptosis was detected by FCM.Results: Metformin or Adriamycin could inhibit MDA-MB-231 cells proliferation,respectively.Moreover,after combination of two drugs the cell proliferation was inhibited more seriously.Combination of two drugs could inhibit cell clone formation and promote cell apoptosis significantly.Conclusion: Metformin and Adriamycin can inhibit MDA-MB-231 cells proliferation and clone formation and promote cell apoptosis effectively.
The system Na2CO3-FeCO3 at 6 GPa and its relation to the system Na2CO3-FeCO3-MgCO3

Abstract The phase relations in the Na2CO3-(Fe0.87Mn0.06Mg0.07)CO3 system have been studied in Kawai-type multi-anvil experiments using graphite capsules at 6.0 GPa and 900-1400 °C. Subsolidus assemblages comprise the stability fields of Na2CO3 + Na2Fe(CO3)2 and Na2Fe(CO3)2 + siderite with the transition boundary at X(Na2CO3) = 50 mol%. Intermediate Na2Fe(CO3)2 compound has rhombohedral R3̅ eitelite structure with cell parameters a = 4.9712(16), c = 16.569(4) Å, V = 354.61(22). The Na2CO3- Na2Fe(CO3)2 eutectic is established at 1000 °C and 66 mol% Na2CO3. Na2Fe(CO3)2 disappears between 1000 and 1100 °C via incongruent melting to siderite and a liquid containing about 55 mol% Na2CO3. Siderite remains a subliquidus phase at 1400 °C at X(Na2CO3) ≤ 30 mol%. The ternary Na2CO3-FeCO3-MgCO3 system can be built up from the corresponding binary systems: two systems with intermediate Na2(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 phase, which melts congruently at the Mg-rich side and incongruently at the Fe-rich side, and the (Mg,Fe)CO3 system with complete solid solution. The phase relations suggest that the maximum contribution of FeCO3 component into the lowering solidus temperatures of Na-bearing carbonated mantle domains could not exceed several tens of degrees Celsius.
Pharmacokinetic effect of Wuzhi capsules on lamivudine tablets in healthy Chinese subjects

Objective To determine the pharmacokinetic effect of Wuzhi capsules on lamivudine tablets,and to offer information for rational use of medicine.Methods A randomized,crossover,double period study and a washout period of 15 days were carried out.The 12 volunteers each took Wuzhi capsules(2 pills) or blank capsules(2 pills) for 7 days,while on the 7th day they took lamivudine tabiets(100 mg). Plasma concentration of lamivudine was determined by HPLC-UV to calculate and compare the pharmacokinetic parameters.Results Pharmacokinetic parameters of lamivudine were: tmax(0.83±0.36)h,Cmax(1 458.2±350.4)ng·mL-1,AUC0~16(4 310.2±911.7)ng·h·mL-1,t1/2(2.59±0.54)h,and CL/F(23.7±4.8)L·h-1.Pharmacokinetic parameters of lamivudine after taking Wuzhi capsules were: tmax(0.6±0.2) h,Cmax(1 508.3±449.1)ng·mL-1,AUC0~16(3 941.5±811.0)ng·h·mL-1,t1/2(2.4±0.5)h,and CL/F(25.4±5.0)L·h-1.Conclusion Wuzhi capsules could speed up the absorption process of lamivudine.
Comparison of a linear and a non-linear state observer for sensorless control of PM machines

This paper presents two different state observers for position-sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). Both methods improve the angular rotor position and determine the machine speed of a back electromotive force (back-EMF) model [1]. The Arctan observer calculates the electrical rotor position from real and imaginary flux-linkage components with a common arctangent function. A novel observer with non-linear feedback coefficients, called Sin/Cos observer, omits this calculation and improves the quality of the position information. Dynamic measurements on an outer rotor traction machine [2] verify the characteristics of the presented observer techniques.
Poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-graft-folic acid), synthesis, solubility enhancement, and release dynamic of folic acid

Abstract A series of poly (2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-graft-folic acid) (FAHEMA) systems are synthesized by grafting of folic acid (FA) into poly (2–hydroxyethylmethacrylate) via an esterification reaction. The structure of these copolymers is confirmed by NMR and CHN analyses. The thermal behavior of these materials is characterized by DSC and TGA analyses. The surface morphology of FAHEMA films before and after the release process is examined by the SEM method. The cumulative FA released in different pH media from FAHEMA materials occurred via a retro-esterification reaction at body temperature during 72 h in which the influence of the swelling degree of PHEMA, the FA content and pH media on the dynamic release is widely investigated. The results obtained revealed that the solubility of FA in water deduced from the release process is widely improved compared with literature reports. It is also revealed that the diffusion of water in different pH media through the PHEMA matrix and that of FA through FAHEMA materials perfectly obeyed the Fickian models. It was deduced from the kinetic study that the release performance is obtained with the copolymers containing initially 10 and 20 wt% of FA contents.
Enhanced Flexibility and Reusability Through State Machine Based Architectures for Multisensor Intelligent Robotics

This paper presents a state machine-based architecture, which enhances the flexibility and reusability of industrial robots, more concretely dual-arm multisensor robots. The proposed architecture, in addition to allowing absolute control of the execution, eases the programming of new applications by increasing the reusability of the developed modules. Through an easy-to-use graphical user interface, operators are able to create, modify, reuse and maintain industrial processes, increasing the flexibility of the cell. Moreover, the proposed approach is applied in a real use case in order to demonstrate its capabilities and feasibility in industrial environments. A comparative analysis is presented for evaluating the presented approach versus traditional robot programming techniques.
The Mechanochemistry of High Polymers

Abstract Several different schools of workers have dominated research in the field of polymer mechanochemistry. These include the Russian school with Baramboim, Berlin, Butyagin; Watson, Ceresa and others of the Natural Rubber Producers' Research Association; and a host of other European workers. Also active are the Japanese and Rumanian groups. In the U. S. the activity has centered at the National Bureau of Standards and in a number of labs including our own. The tables for the review summarize mechanochemical studies on individual polymers, multicomponent polymer systems, and on polymer solutions. For a field so important, it is surprising so few summaries have been prepared. An early review (1960), emphasizing the mechanical degradation of rubber, was prepared by Watson. The classic book on Mechanochemistry of Polymers by Baraboim was published in English in 1964. In the same year Watson also published an excellent book chapter on mechanochemical reactions. Other general volumes and reviews on polymer.
Antibacterial finishing with chitosan derivatives and their nano particles

The antibacterial finishing of fabric was investigated by chitosan derivatives and their nano particles. It is indicated that chitosan derivatives and their nano particles have obvious inhibition effect on increase of several of bacterial such as staphlocossus and colibacillus. Chitosan derivatives have better anti-bacterium effect than chitosan, while their nanoparticles have the best effect. Different crosslinking agents were used to finishing solution. The results show that the antibacterial finishing with mixed crosslinking agent of citric acid and tartaric acid has obvious effect than citric acid alone.
Treatments of protein for biopolymer production in view of processability and physical properties: A review

The development of bio-based polymers from proteins has gained attention for their large availability and renewable and biodegradable nature. However, protein-based plastics have limited commercial applications because of several drawbacks, such as poor processability, brittleness, moisture sensitivity, and inferior mechanical and thermal properties. Extensive studies have been conducted to solve or ameliorate these issues by pretreatment or modification of proteins or protein-derived biopolymers before or during wet processing or dry processing at elevated temperatures. This review provides an overview of research efforts conducted in the area of physical and chemical treatment of proteins to achieve better processability, mechanical properties, and other physical performance based on a literature review in this subject. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43351.
Occurrence and exposure assessment of multiple mycotoxins in dried fruits based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A reliable analytical method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed for simultaneous determination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxin, and zearalenone (ZEA) in various dried fruits. A simple one-step sample extraction without using clean-up cartridges made the established method less labour consuming and less expensive, while optimisation of the several important MS/MS parameters, i.e. the scan time and run segments, ensured its sensitivity and selectivity. After careful validation of the method by determining the linearity (R2>0.99), recovery (77.8-115.9%), precision (relative standard deviation ≤19.5%) and sensitivity (limits of quantification in the range of 0.1-10 μg/kg), a survey of 125 dried fruit samples including 25 pistachios, 28 dried longans, 32 raisins and 40 dried dates randomly collected from different markets in Shanghai, China, was performed. Results revealed that 32.
Prediction of Polyphenol Fraction in Virgin Olive Oil Using Mid-Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance Attenuated Total Reflectance Accessory–Mid-Infrared Coupled With Partial Least Squares Regression

This study focuses on the quantification of virgin olive oil phenolic compound while using mid-infrared spectroscopy with chemometrics. For that, 100 samples of virgin olive oils in phenolic compounds which varied between 1.04 and 10.33 g/L were picked up in Morocco’s regions and subjected to infrared analysis. The aim was to develop a calibration model for the prediction of phenolic compounds in olive oil by using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. The spectral transmissions of all samples were obtained in the spectral range of 600–4000 cm–1. The values obtained for correlation coefficient and root mean square errors of prediction were 0.99 and 0.11, respectively. These results showed the capability of the Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and the chemometric in developing accurate models to predict the phenolic compounds in virgin olive oil.
Studies on chemical constituents of Indigofera carlesii

Object To study the chemical constituents of Indigofera carlesii Craib (Leguminosae), a main substitute for traditional Chinese drug "Shandougen" and to seek its active and/or toxic principles. Methods Compounds were separated and purified by solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography and re-crystallization. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data. Results Nine compounds were isolated and identified from the roots of I. carlesii: 3-nitropropionic acid (Ⅰ), coronarian (Ⅱ), corollin (Ⅲ), lupeol (Ⅳ), betulinic acid (Ⅴ), β-sitosterol (Ⅵ), daucosterol (Ⅶ), stigmasterol-3-O-glucopyranoside (Ⅷ), and succinic acid (Ⅸ). Conclusion Compounds Ⅰ-Ⅲ, and Ⅵ are first isolated from I. carlesii, and compounds Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅶ- Ⅸ are obtained form the plants of Indigofera Linn. for the first time. Compounds Ⅰ-Ⅲ can account for the toxicity of I. carlesii.
Viajes al paraíso: la representación de la naturaleza en el Renacimiento

'Viajes al paraiso' retrata las visiones del mas alla y las creencias en un jardin del Eden poliedrico. Estos lugares estaban sobre la tierra, en un escenario remoto y maravilloso que, repleto de ricas montanas y paraisos deleitosos, permitian enumerar los elementos caracteristicos del Eden pagano y cristiano: los arboles frondosos, los abundantes frutos, el gran rio con sus cuatro ramales, el laberinto, la cueva, el arbol de la vida, la fuente. Este viaje iniciatico al mundo ultramundano lo consumaron los genios del Renacimiento.Dimensiones: 21 x 12 (cm). Peso: 0.385 Kg.Numero de Paginas: 128.
Research on the Composition and Structure of Glycopeptide from Ganoderma Capense

In order to analyze the composition and structure of Ganoderma Capense glycopeptide(GCGP),thin-layer chromatography was used to determine the hydrolysis products of GCGP.HPLC was used to determine the average molecular weight(Mw). NaIO4-oxidation and Smith degradation were used to determine the structure.UV,Tricine-SDS-PAGE and β-elimination were used to identify the glycopeptide linkage.Pre-column derivatization HPLC was used to determine the amino acid constituent of glycopeptide.The experiment showed that GCGP was composed of glucose,and its average molecule weight was about 1k.The glycosidic linkage of GCGP was(1→6)(1→2) linking ways.Protein was testified in GCGP.It was homogeneous suggested by Tricine-SDS-PAGE method,which showed a single band after staining with CBB G-250 and toluidine blue.The peptide chain of GCGP was mainly made up of glycine,alanine,valine,leucine,cysteine,aspartic acid,glutamic acid,serine and threonine.There was O-glycopeptide linkage in GCGP.
The Restorative Effect of Staying in a Broad-Leaved Forest on Healthy Young Adults in Winter and Spring

Many studies have assessed the impact of deciduous trees in the vegetative season on humans’ restoration. But still, it remains unknown if this positive effect will also be observable in deciduous forest during winter, when trees maintain no leaves. To test the hypothesis that deciduous trees also produce psychological restoration during winter (in comparison to spring), we designed an experiment, in which the same participants viewed the forest environment during these two seasons, while urban setting was used as a control environment. The participants filled in four psychological questionnaires, which measured different psychological conditions. The results confirmed the hypothesis that deciduous trees had the restorative effect in the winter, and it was even greater than in the spring time. These results suggest that the living woody plants in their natural environment produce a positive, psychological effect on humans, hence visiting deciduous forest also during winter can be recommended as a method for stress reduction.
A Cell-Specific Analysis Of Gene Expression In The Neural Crest Of Zebrafish.

This thesis presents a new approach to the rapid and systematic identification of genes expressed differentially between specific cell types. The approach is based upon the hybridization of amplified tissue or cell-specific complex cDNA probes to robotically arrayed cDNA libraries and the computer-assisted analysis ('electronic subtraction') of the resulting hybridization patterns. This approach was applied to two populations of cultured zebrafish neural crest cells, as well as to tissue from ventral trunk neural tube. Sets of cDNA clones were assembled that putatively represent genes expressed in early-migrating trunk neural crest cells (390 clones), late-migrating trunk neural crest cells (422 clones), or both neural crest cell populations (292 clones), but not in ventral trunk neural tube. The procedures and techniques used were tested for reproducibilty and initial conclusions are made about the feasibility and validity of the approach. A critical assessment of the techniques apphed suggests aspects of the approach which might be improved in its future application.
Cytotoxicity of fluorographene

Fluorinated graphenes (F-G) are gaining popularity in recent years and should they be introduced commercially in the future, these nanomaterials will inevitably be released into the environment through disposal or wearing of the products. In view of this, we attempted to investigate the cytotoxicity of three F-G nanomaterials in this study, with the use of two well-established cell viability assays, to find out their impact on mammalian cells and how their physiochemical properties might affect the extent of their cytotoxicity. Cell viability measurements on A549 cells following 24 h exposure to the F-G revealed that F-G does impart dose-dependent toxicological effects on the cells, and the level of cytotoxicity induced by the nanomaterials differed vastly. It was suggested that the fluorine content, in particular the types of fluorine-containing groups present in the nanomaterial played significant roles in affecting its cytotoxicity. In addition, control experiments which were conducted for possible nanomaterial-induced artifacts on the cell viability assays showed that absorbance readouts from the cell viability assays are free from interference from the nanomaterials.
Empirical Correlations between 207Pb NMR Chemical Shifts and Structure in Solids

Using 207Pb magic angle spinning and static NMR, we have resolved and assigned different lead sites in crystalline lead oxides and lead silicates to their isotropic chemical shifts. Chemical shift anisotropies were also obtained for lead sites from the intensities of spinning sidebands. Empirical correlations between 207Pb isotropic chemical shifts and structural parameters are proposed. For ionic compounds, we show good correlations between chemical shift and coordination number or mean bond length. For more covalent compounds, the best empirical correlation has been obtained by using the degree of oxygen s−p hybridization and second neighbor electronegativity similar to that previously used to characterize 29Si shifts in aluminosilicates. The Pb2+ chemical shift anisotropies increase with more positive chemical shifts. These correlations, established for simple crystalline compounds, should allow better characterization of lead environments in disordered materials of complex composition.