Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Implications of Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Observations for Population III Star Formation Processes

In an earlier paper, we pointed out the strong likelihood for universal reionization to occur twice, giving rise to a much larger Thomson optical depth due to the intergalactic medium than that in the case of a single rapid reionization at z ~ 6. The latest Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) observations of Kogut et al. indicate that the universe indeed appears to have entered a significantly ionized state at a very high redshift. In light of this new development, we perform a more focused analysis of the Thomson optical depth in the context of the spatially flat, cosmological constant-dominated cold dark matter model (ΛCDM) constrained by WMAP observations. While the current uncertainties of the observed Thomson optical depth are still relatively large, with τe = 0.17 ± 0.04 (68%), important implications for Population III (Pop III) star formation processes at high redshift can already be inferred. We are able to draw four conclusions: (1) In the absence of a top-heavy initial stellar mass function (IMF) for Pop III metal-free stars and without a dramatic upturn in the star formation efficiency and in the ionizing photon escape fraction at high redshift (z > 6), we find τe ≤ 0.09. (2) With a top-heavy IMF for the Pop III metal-free stars, a plausible star formation efficiency, and an ionizing photon escape fraction ≤20%, it is expected that τe ≤ 0.12, which could be raised to τe = 0.14, if the metal-enrichment efficiency of the intergalactic medium by Pop III stars is reduced by a factor of 5. (3) To reach τe = 0.15-0.17 requires at least one of the following three conditions: the cosmological model power index n is positively tilted to n ≥ 1.03, Pop III star formation in minihalos with molecular hydrogen cooling has an efficiency c*(H2, III) > 0.01, or the ionizing photon escape fraction from Pop III galaxies is close to unity. The highest τe that we have obtained is 0.24 for a WMAP-consistent ΛCDM model with n = 1.03, a Pop III star formation efficiency of 1% for minihalos, and an ionizing photon escape fraction of 100% from Pop III galaxies. (4) For the WMAP-normalized running index ΛCDM model, we obtain τe = 0.12 with a Pop III star formation efficiency of 1% for minihalos and an ionizing photon escape fraction of 100% from Pop III galaxies. If the current observed value of the Thomson optical depth withstands future data, we will have strong observational evidence that Pop III stars are massive and that their formation efficiency may be much higher than current theoretical works suggest. Alternatively, there may be unknown, nonstellar ionizing sources at very high redshift.
Induction motor fault diagnosis based on the k-NN and optimal feature selection

The k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) rule is applied to diagnose the conditions of induction motors. The features are extracted from the time vibration signals while the optimal features are selected by a genetic algorithm based on a distance criterion. A weight value is assigned to each feature to help select the best quality features. To improve the classification performance of the k-NN rule, each of the k neighbours are evaluated by a weight factor based on the distance to the test pattern. The proposed k-NN is compared to the conventional k-NN and support vector machine classification to verify the performance of an induction motor fault diagnosis.
Origin of ferromagnetism in aluminum-doped TiO2 thin films: Theory and experiments

In this paper, we combine first-principles calculations and experiments to investigate the magnetic properties of aluminum-doped TiO2 films of rutile structure. Density-functional theory with generalized gradient approximation based calculations were carried out for three cases, where the TiO2 lattice contains oxygen vacancies VO only, an oxygen is substituted by a fluorine atom, or a Ti is substituted by an aluminum. Magnetic moments associated with the formation of Ti3+ ions are found in all cases but they couple differently resulting in different magnetic states. Al-doped samples prepared in our labs exhibit ferromagnetism at room temperature with a TC near 340 K. The experimental results are consistent with the first principles calculations, and the magnetism is associated with the VO defect electrons induced by the Al doping. The defect electron occupies nearby Ti sites giving rise to the Ti3+ moments and, at the same time, has spatially extended wavefunctions assuring overlapping between neighbors.
Design and applications of optimum multichannel linear moveout filters

Practical aspects of the optimum multichannel least‐squares (OMLS) linear moveout filter design parameters are investigated by examining them in the frequency‐wavenumber domain and applying them to simulated and field reflection seismograms. The results of these studies show that the so‐called “chatter parameter” should be omitted from the input design models of the OMLS moveout filters. Random noise relative weightings of about 0.3 to 0.5 are adequate for stabilizing the autocorrelation matrix of the normal equations. Linear moveout filters with weights higher than 0.5 act as high‐frequency filters and reduce the resolution of the data. A serious limitation of the OMLS linear moveout filters for seismic reflection applications is aliasing of the reject moveout window into the pass window which prevents weightings of the reject moveout window from being much higher than for pass‐moveout windows when higher weightings are required in practical applications such as grand‐roll reduction. Simulated data indic.
Comparison of Transverse With Axial Excitation Modes Cross Correlation Flowmeters in High Water-Cut Oil–Water Flow Measurement

Due to long-term exploitation of oil wells, high water-cut oil–water two-phase flow has become one of the most common flow types in offshore oil fields. In this work, two cross correlation flowmeters for this type of flow, i.e., the newly proposed transverse excitation mode flowmeter and the conventional axial excitation mode flowmeter, are theoretically analyzed, numerically solved, and experimentally compared. By building theoretical models, the resolutions and sensitivities of the sensors are systematically compared to demonstrate their abilities to detect oil bubbles in water. From the numerical solutions by the finite-element method (FEM) models, the resolutions of the sensors are analyzed in the spatial frequency domain, and more accurate analysis of sensitivities can be made. Results show that the resolution of the transverse excitation mode flowmeter is approximately three times higher, and the sensitivity is at most 3.47 times higher than the axial excitation mode one. Experiments with 10 $\text{m}^{{3}}$ /d, 90%-water-cut oil–water two-phase flow are carried out to demonstrate the dynamic performances of the two flowmeters. It can be concluded that the transverse excitation mode flowmeter has higher accuracy and reliability in flow rate measurement.
“A Double-Edged Sword”: Health Professionals’ Perspectives on the Health and Social Impacts of Gay Dating Apps on Young Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Queer Men

ABSTRACT Gay dating apps (GDAs) play a central role in partner-seeking for many men. The purpose of the present study was to explore health professionals’ perceptions of the effects of GDAs on young gay, bisexual, trans and queer men (YGBTQM). Because health professionals have access to privileged information about YGBTQM's experiences with GDAs, they can provide unique insights about their impacts on YGBTQM health and well-being. This study drew on 28 in-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews with health professionals who provide services to YGBTQM in British Columbia, Canada. Using thematic content analysis, we identified three themes showing participants’ conflicting perceptions of GDAs’ impacts on YGBTQM: (1) the accessibility of sex on GDAs as either transactional or pleasurable; (2) the building of community and increased safety, which at times corresponds with increased exposure to rejection and discrimination; and (3) a perceived escalation in sexual and drug-related risk-taking in conjunction with the opportunity for education, prevention and intervention. In response to the often polarizing literature on GDAs, this study is among the first to contribute empirical evidence into the perceptions of health professionals working with YGBTQM who use GDAs, while simultaneously providing actionable insights and strategies to help identify potential harms and maximize benefits.
Using Eye Tracking to Understand the Fidelity Effect when Evaluating Low-Fidelity Prototypes with Children

This study used eye tracking glasses to understand how children explore low-fidelity paper prototypes in the context of user experience studies. Twenty seven children aged between 9 and 11 participated in the study examining either a colour or black and white prototype of a mobile game. The research question being explored was whether the aesthetic refinement, either wireframe or high- resolution colour images, would affect children’s self - report and if so what could be learned from knowing where children looked when exploring the prototypes. The results showed that the aesthetic refinement had little influence over the children’s overall ratings of the game. The eye tracking data demonstrated that most of the children focused on both the visuals and text on the pages of the prototype. However, there were a higher number of fixations recorded in the wireframe prototype suggesting this may have been more cognitively demanding. This paper contributes to understanding of fidelity effects when evaluating low-fidelity prototypes and shows how eye tracking technology can help inform HCI methodologies.
On the theory of diffusion limited recombination and relaxation in amorphous systems

The master-equation approach to transport in disordered systems is considered. The diffusion of excitations is treated within a self-consistent scheme. This has been shown previously to lead to very satisfactory results when exponentially varying jump rates are used. The effective-medium idea is extended to treat diffusion. , limiting trapping or relaxation in amorphous networks. The theory is compared with some of the predictions made using the 'continuous time random walk' model of trapping. The method is also applied to the problem of spin relaxation in amorphous semiconductors in the hopping regime.
The Speaking Machine of Wolfgang von Kempelen

Wolfgang von Kempelen made significant contributions to the investigation of the human mechanism of speech production around 1770‐90. During the preceding century there had been considerable speculation on various aspects of speech by linguists, teachers, physiologists and others. Kempelen became interested from the standpoint of the problem of the deaf‐and‐dumb. About this time also Professor Kratzenstein produced five vowel sounds synthetically with some degree of satisfaction. Kempelen who made a hobby of building intriguing mechanisms proceeded experimentally to set up mechanical equivalents of the parts of the human vocal system on a cut‐and‐try basis. He used a bellows for the lungs, a slit membrane for the glottis, a box with two variable cavities for the mouth and a set of controls for the various openings—lips, nostrils, and tongue‐palate. With some use of one hand for resonance effects he fingered the keys to produce all the consonant and vowel sounds or approximations thereto. The quality was e.
Ten Books Every ECON Student Should Read

Abstract In the aftermath of the financial crisis, student groups demonstrated against mainstream economics with its emphasis on abstract mathematical models at the expense of real-world issues. To this end, I have reviewed ten books, published in the last five years, to introduce students to the criticisms leveled against mainstream textbook theory, to offer diverse perspectives, to address contemporary challenges including climate change and economic inequality, to introduce modern monetary theory, and to highlight the limitations of radical left-wing rhetoric. These books confirm that the way ahead in economics education is through addressing real-world issues and upholding pluralist perspectives.
Realizing a human-centered digitalization of the energy sector

The digitalization of the energy sector is in progress, but Europe is about to fall behind. A human-centered design approach ensures that it takes place with, and for the benefit of, people, for which this letter puts forward policy recommendations. People need access to tailored and ready-for-use tools that help the realization of societal co-benefits, bring individual gains, remove human burdens, and ensure just participation of all societal groups. Substantial additional intellectual and financial resources are required for the development of digital tools and products to seize opportunities for citizens to engage, in the energy transition, optimize energy consumption, and manage active participation.
Laser action in nanowires: Observation of the transition from amplified spontaneous emission to laser oscillation

Direct evidence of the transition from amplified spontaneous emission to laser action in optically pumped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires, at room temperature, is presented. The optical power evolves from a superlinear to a linear regime as the pump power exceeds threshold, concomitant with a transition to directional emission along the nanowire and the emergence of well defined cavity Fabry–Perot modes around a wavelength of ≈385 nm, the intensity of which exceeds the spontaneous emission background by orders of magnitude. The laser oscillation threshold is found to be strongly dependent on nanowire diameter, with no laser oscillation observed for diameters smaller than ∼150 nm. Finally, we use an alternative “head on” detection geometry to measure the output power of a single nanowire laser.
Cultural Sensitivity of Sputum Bacteria Involved in Chronic Lung Disease and Type of Bacteria Involved in Chronic Lung Disease Sputum

Objective: To determine the type of bacterium involved in sputum of patients with chronic lung disease and to determine the culture sensitivity of bacterium involved in sputum of chronic lung disease patients Methodology: This Cross-sectional study, at Deptt of Pediatric Medicine, The Children’s Hospital, Lahore during 2020 to 2021. Total 160 children meeting the criteria of inclusion were the part of this trial. Then the children were given a petri dish to spit in and the samples were submitted to the medical lab to be analysed for bacteria. Penicillin, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Ciprofloxacin, Cefuroxime, Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Amikacin, Gentamycin, and Vancomycin were tested on all cultured bacteria after they were identified. Results: we recorded 8.60±2.54 years mean age. The most frequent isolated organism was H-influenza (43.1%) followed by H-Parainfluenza (36.9%) and S. Pneumonia (20%). Sensitivity of Ciprofloxacin, Cefuroxime, Amikacin, Gentamycin, Piperacillin / Tazobactam, Ceftazidime, Cefepime and Vancomycin was significantly higher for H parainfluenza as compared to other isolated bacterium. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that among children with chronic lung disease the most frequency isolated bacterium was H-influenza (43.1%) followed by H-Parainfluenza (36.9%) and S. Pneumonia (20%). Antibiotic sensitivity was significantly higher for H-parainfluenza as compared to other isolated bacteria. Keywords: Bacterium, Sputum, Chronic, Lung disease, Culture, Sensitivity
Otoacoustic emissions and the ‘‘set of the center:’’ Covariances linking ear, brainstem, and cortex, documented with the AXS Test Battery

Although otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) are believed to reflect afferent processes connecting the central auditory system with the ear, such relations have not been demonstrated in humans, for central components rostral to the lower pons. The Auditory Cross‐Section (AXS) Test Battery (Lauter, 2000, 2002) provides a straightforward way to do this, with the result that one can observe covariances between any of a number of OAE variables (TEOAE amplitude, DPOAE stability, etc.), and measures of the physiological status of the auditory nerve, brainstem centers from caudal pons to midbrain, and auditory cortex. The testing methodologies employed are relatively inexpensive and should be within the means of many more clinics and laboratories than can afford access to brain‐imaging technologies such as fMRI and PET. In addition, a new statistical means of testing covariation in multivariate, within‐subject data sets (Ninness and Lauter, 2003) will be described that offers a means of mathematically testing the results. Data illustrating this approach will be presented, documenting covariances observed during spontaneous day‐to‐day systemic fluctuations, as well as responses to medications.
Identiﬁcation and Characterization of Short-Term Motor Patterns in Rest Tremor of Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease

: (1) Background: The dynamics of hand tremors involve nonrandom and short-term motor patterns (STMPs). This study aimed to (i) identify STMPs in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and physiological resting tremor and (ii) characterize STMPs by amplitude, persistence, and regularity. (2) Methods: This study included healthy (N = 12, 60.1 ± 5.9 years old) and PD (N = 14, 65 ± 11.54 years old) participants. The signals were collected using a triaxial gyroscope on the dorsal side of the hand during a resting condition. Data were preprocessed and seven features were extracted from each 1 s window with 50% overlap. The STMPs were identiﬁed using the clustering technique k-means applied to the data in the two-dimensional space given by t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE). The frequency, transition probability, and duration of the STMPs for each group were assessed. All STMP features were averaged across groups. (3) Results: Three STMPs were identiﬁed in tremor signals ( p < 0.05). STMP 1 was prevalent in the healthy control (HC) subjects, STMP 2 in both groups, and STMP3 in PD. Only the coefﬁcient of variation and complexity differed signiﬁcantly between groups. (4) Conclusion: These results can help professionals characterize and evaluate tremor severity and treatment efﬁcacy.
Vision based weld seam localization method for axle housing automatic welding

Clamping error during automatic welding of axle housing will lead to weld deviation. To that end, a method for axle housing weld seam localization based on monocular vision is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a method of extracting weld seam centerline based on template matching and iterated least squares fitting is proposed according to the grayscale of axle housing image. Then, the end points of weld seam are searched through the gray feature of axle housing on the weld seam centerline. Finally, the mapping relationship between image coordinate system and robot coordinate system is established by calibration. According to the deviation between actual position and standard position of weld under image coordinate system, the actual three-dimensional coordinate of weld in robot coordinate system is found by particle swarm optimization algorithm. The experimental results show that the maximum error of the weld seam endpoints obtained by this method in the x, y axis is less than 0.5mm, and the maximum error in the z axis is less than 0.9mm, which meets the requirements of axle housing automatic welding. This method only uses one monocular camera, and has a low cost while ensuring the positioning accuracy through calibration and optimization algorithms.
Low-grade serous carcinoma with solid growth pattern: an unusual architecture and potential pitfall

Low-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary is an uncommon lesion, composing approximately 3% of ovarian neoplasms. It typically arises in association with a serous borderline tumor and is most often at an advanced stage upon diagnosis. Gene mutations in BRAF and KRAS are characteristic. Various histologic architectural patterns are known, such as papillary, micropapillary, inverted micropapillary, glandular and nested. We report a case of low-grade serous carcinoma arising years after a serous borderline tumor and contralateral teratoma; the low-grade serous carcinoma showed two patterns: micropapillary growth and a previously unreported form of solid pattern manifesting as large tumor islands without slit-like spaces. This unusual solid morphology raises the differential diagnosis of high-grade serous carcinoma, which would result in different clinical management. The presence of areas with classic micropapillary architecture, in addition to the absence of high-grade cytonuclear atypia and marked pleomorphism, support the diagnosis of low-grade serous carcinoma. Immunohistochemical stains for p53 and p16 failed to show abnormal patterns characteristic of high-grade serous carcinoma. The patient declined chemotherapy and is on letrozole; she has had recurrent right pleural effusions over six months of follow-up after surgery.
Advancing Preservice Consultation Training Through University-Community Partnership

ABSTRACT This paper describes consultation training experiences offered through a decades-long partnership between a university school psychology graduate program and a local Head Start center. The collaboration provides a field placement setting where beginning students engage in activities tied to first-year coursework, and an advanced practicum site for doctoral students who oversee first-year students’ classroom-based activities and in turn are jointly supervised by program faculty and the center’s Special Services Manager. Through these experiences, graduate students develop competencies in client-centered, consultee-centered, and systems-level consultation, with opportunities to engage in an array of activities aligned with key updates to the 2020 NASP Professional Standards particularly in Domains Six (Services to Support Safe and Supportive Schools), Seven (Family, School, and Community Collaboration), and Eight (Equitable Practices for Diverse Student Populations). By focusing on the school environment, community collaboration, social justice, and equitable practices, these updated domains highlight the role of ecological and systemic factors in school psychology practice and training. Trainees support the center’s efforts to function as a trauma-informed organization whose members recognize and respond to trauma in a manner that promotes safety, collaboration, empowerment, and other trauma-informed practice principles. They do this by consulting with parents and teachers, contributing to staff professional development on such topics as adverse childhood experiences and caregiver stress management, and facilitating meetings with parents and teachers around issues such as trauma-informed discipline. We discuss how these activities align with the 2020 NASP domains, with particular attention to ecological and systemic perspectives.