Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DOMINATION FOR FINITE PROPER SCORING RULES

Scoring rules measure the deviation between a forecast, which assigns degrees of conﬁdence to various events, and reality. Strictly proper scoring rules have the property that for any forecast, the mathematical expectation of the score of a forecast p by the lights of p is strictly better than the mathematical expectation of any other forecast q by the lights of p . It has recently been shown that any strictly proper scoring rule that is continuous on the probabilities has the property that the score for any forecast that does not satisfy the axioms of probability is strictly dominated by the score for some probabilistically consistent forecast. I shall show that in the case of a ﬁnite score, continuity on the regular probabilities—those that assign assign a non-zero value to every point—suﬃces for the result, and more generally it suﬃces to have continuity at the regular probabilities and at any inﬁnite-scoring irregular ones.
SECURITY OF INDUSTRIAL CONTROL REVIEW ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS

:- Industrial control systems (ICS) are widely used in critical infrastructure such as national water resources, power, transportation, energy and so on. These important industrial systems have a profound impact on national security and economic development. In recent years, the occurrence of various security incidents and their serious consequences further reflect the seriousness of the information security situation of industrial control systems. In this paper, the current situation of information security in industrial control systems is summarized and analyzed. The existing problems in ICS information security and the corresponding measures taken are focused on. Furthermore, the problems to be solved and the development direction are pointed out.
Experimental Aerodynamic Response for an Oscillating Airfoil in Buffeting Flow

In prior work, several authors including the present ones have noted the analogy between the fluid oscillations induced by a bluff body in cross flow (e.g., the classic von Karman vortex street behind a cylinder) and the flow oscillations often called buffet that occur for flow around wings and airfoils in transonic flow at sufficiently large angles of attack. In the present study, an airfoil in low-speed flow is placed at very high angles of attack and buffet and/or a von Karman vortex street is indeed found. Of interest is the fact that the required angles of attack at these low speeds are well beyond the angle of attack for the onset of stall. The dependence of the characteristic Strouhal or reduced frequency on angle of attack and flow velocity (Reynolds number) is also determined, as are the peak amplitudes of the oscillating flow. At the large static angles of attack where buffet occurs, the airfoil is oscillated at various frequencies near the buffet frequency and with several amplitudes. Lock-in i.
Self-consistent eigenvalue analysis of Rayleigh--Taylor instability in an ablating plasma

A mathematical method for a fully self‐consistent treatment of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability is developed by solving the linearized fluid equations as an eigenvalue problem. The method is applied to analyze the instability in stationary ablating plasmas with strong inhomogeneity. A reduction of growth rate compared to the classical value is found. The importance of a self‐consistent treatment of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability is shown by comparing the result with the growth rate estimated by approximate theoretical arguments.
Beyond Avoiding Hemiplegia after Glioma Surgery: The Need to Map Complex Movement in Awake Patient to Preserve Conation

Simple Summary Glioma surgery relies on the ability to perform a large extent of resection while preserving the patient’s quality of life, especially regarding complex movement. Our aim is to show how the concept of motor function has evolved based upon an increased knowledge of its neural foundation in neurosciences and how this understanding has shed light on possible disturbances of conation. Postoperative troubles can be avoided thanks to the implementation of adapted intraoperative tasks during awake surgery, from the basic muscle contraction to prevent hemiplegia (first level), to active movement to avoid fine motor disturbances (second level) and even to multitasking to preserve an intact movement volition. Abstract Improving the onco-functional balance has always been a challenge in glioma surgery, especially regarding motor function. Given the importance of conation (i.e., the willingness which leads to action) in patient’s quality of life, we propose here to review the evolution of its intraoperative assessment through a reminder of the increasing knowledge of its neural foundations—based upon a meta-networking organization at three levels. Historical preservation of the primary motor cortex and pyramidal pathway (first level), which was mostly dedicated to avoid hemiplegia, has nonetheless shown its limits to prevent the occurrence of long-term deficits regarding complex movement. Then, preservation of the movement control network (second level) has permitted to prevent such more subtle (but possibly disabling) deficits thanks to intraoperative mapping with direct electrostimulations in awake conditions. Finally, integrating movement control in a multitasking evaluation during awake surgery (third level) enabled to preserve movement volition in its highest and finest level according to patients’ specific demands (e.g., to play instrument or to perform sports). Understanding these three levels of conation and its underlying cortico-subcortical neural basis is therefore critical to propose an individualized surgical strategy centered on patient’s choice: this implies an increasingly use of awake mapping and cognitive monitoring regardless of the involved hemisphere. Moreover, this also pleads for a finer and systematic assessment of conation before, during and after glioma surgery as well as for a stronger integration of fundamental neurosciences into clinical practice.
The role of class IIa histone deacetylases in regulating endothelial function

Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are monolayer cells located in the inner layer of the blood vessel. Endothelial function is crucial in maintaining local and systemic homeostasis and is precisely regulated by sophisticated signaling pathways and epigenetic regulation. Endothelial dysfunctions are the main factors for the pathophysiological process of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases like atherosclerosis, hypertension, and stroke. In these pathologic processes, histone deacetylases (HDACs) involve in epigenetic regulation by removing acetyl groups from lysine residues of histones and regulating downstream gene expression. Among all HDACs, Class IIa HDACs (HDAC4, 5, 7, 9) contain only an N-terminal regulatory domain, exert limited HDAC activity, and present tissue-specific gene regulation. Here, we discuss and summarize the current understanding of this distinct subfamily of HDACs in endothelial cell functions (such as angiogenesis and immune response) with their molecular underpinnings. Furthermore, we also present new thoughts for further investigation of HDAC inhibitors as a potential treatment in several vascular diseases.
The respective roles of UV photons and oxygen atoms in plasma sterilization at reduced gas pressure: the case of N/sub 2/-O/sub 2/ mixtures

In the reduced-pressure (/spl les/10 torr) afterglow stemming from discharges in O/sub 2/- containing mixtures such as N/sub 2/-O/sub 2/, the test-reference spores are ultimately inactivated by UV photons through destruction of their genetic material (DNA). To show this, we assume the inactivation to result from a sufficiently large number of successful hits of the DNA strands by UV photons. This implies that the higher the UV intensity, the shorter the time required to reach the lethal dose. Simultaneously, the increased erosion of the spores by the oxygen atoms as time elapses reduces the incident number of photons required to meet the lethal dose. Erosion, as observed by scanning electron microscopy, also increases with the O/sub 2/ percentage in the mixture. Actually, sterilization time is found to be the shortest when the O/sub 2/ percentage in the mixture is set to maximize the UV emission intensity, which occurs at O/sub 2/ percentages typically below 2%, where erosion is low. This proves the predominant role of UV radiation over erosion as far as spore inactivation is concerned. In any case, plasma sterilization always implies some erosion of the test spores, in contrast to what happens with conventional sterilization methods.
Enhancing Biomass-Exopolysaccharides Production of Lignosus rhinocerus in a High-Scale Stirred-Tank Bioreactor and Its Potential Lipid as Bioenergy

The depletion of fossil fuels and the emission of greenhouse gases have increased the demand for new and sustainable energy sources, leading to growing interest in using fast-growing filamentous fungi as a source of bioenergy. This study aimed to optimize the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and mycelial biomass (MB) from the native medicinal mushroom, Lignosus rhinocerus, through submerged liquid fermentation. Using response surface methodology (RSM), it was found that the glucose concentration and speed of agitation significantly influenced the production of MB and EPS (p < 0.05), while the initial pH medium had an insignificant effect. The validated optimized parameters of 50.0 g/L glucose, initial pH 4.0, and 128 rpm for speed of agitation were tested in 500 mL shake flasks, 5 L, and 13 L stirred-tank (STR) bioreactors. The production of MB and EPS increased significantly by ~1.2-fold in the 5 L STR and further increased to ~1.7-fold (MB) and ~2.4-fold (EPS) in the 13 L STR bioreactor compared to the shake flask. The lipid content of MB was also determined, with a result of 2.07% w/w using the Soxhlet extraction method. To conclude, this study emphasizes the ability of L. rhinocerus as a new source of bioenergy through large-scale production, with optimized parameters serving as a reference for future research and practical applications.
Surface potential of anodized p‐GaAs MOS capacitors

Metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) capacitors were constructed on p‐type GaAs anodized in a tartaric acid‐water‐glycol solution at room temperature, and capacitance‐voltage measurements were made on them from the quasistatic regime to 150 MHz. The data thus obtained indicate that the zero‐bias surface potential is 0.59 V, that the total surface potential excursion is limited to ∼0.45 V, and that neither flatband nor inversion were achievable. The minimum in surface‐state density was ∼4×1012 cm−2 eV−1.
E6/E7 mRNA Expression of the Most Prevalent High-Risk HPV Genotypes in Cervical Samples from Serbian Women

Cervical cancer caused by persistent infection with HR HPV genotypes is the second leading cause of death in women aged 15 to 44 in Serbia. The expression of the E6 and E7 HPV oncogenes is considered as a promising biomarker in diagnosing high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). This study aimed to evaluate HPV mRNA and DNA tests, compare the results according to the severity of the lesions, and assess the predictive potential for the diagnosis of HSIL. Cervical specimens were obtained at the Department of Gynecology, Community Health Centre Novi Sad, Serbia, and the Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Serbia, during 2017–2021. The 365 samples were collected using the ThinPrep Pap test. The cytology slides were evaluated according to the Bethesda 2014 System. Using a real-time PCR test, HPV DNA was detected and genotyped, while the RT-PCR proved the presence of E6 and E7 mRNA. The most common genotypes in Serbian women are HPV 16, 31, 33, and 51. Oncogenic activity was demonstrated in 67% of HPV-positive women. A comparison of the HPV DNA and mRNA tests to assess the progression of cervical intraepithelial lesions indicated that higher specificity (89.1%) and positive predictive value (69.8–78.7%) were expressed by the E6/E7 mRNA test, while higher sensitivity was recorded when using the HPV DNA test (67.6–88%). The results determine the higher probability of detecting HPV infection by 7% provided by the mRNA test. The detected E6/E7 mRNA HR HPVs have a predictive potential in assessing the diagnosis of HSIL. The oncogenic activity of HPV 16 and age were the risk factors with the strongest predictive values for the development of HSIL.
Nanoparticle Targeting with Antibodies in the Central Nervous System

Treatments for disease in the central nervous system (CNS) are limited because of difficulties in agent penetration through the blood-brain barrier, achieving optimal dosing, and mitigating off-target effects. The prospect of precision medicine in CNS treatment suggests an opportunity for therapeutic nanotechnology, which offers tunability and adaptability to address specific diseases as well as targetability when combined with antibodies (Abs). Here, we review the strategies to attach Abs to nanoparticles (NPs), including conventional approaches of chemisorption and physisorption as well as attempts to combine irreversible Ab immobilization with controlled orientation. We also summarize trends that have been observed through studies of systemically delivered Ab–NP conjugates in animals. Finally, we discuss the future outlook for Ab–NPs to deliver therapeutics into the CNS.
Body Mass Index Measured Repeatedly over 42 Years as a Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke: The HUNT Study

Background: Higher BMI in middle age is associated with ischemic stroke, but little is known about BMI over adulthood, and the risk for ischemic stroke as most studies relied on a single measurement of BMI. Methods: BMI was measured four times over a period of 42 years. We calculated average BMI values and group-based trajectory models and related these to the prospective risk of ischemic stroke after the last examination in Cox models with a follow-up time of 12 years. Results: A total of 14,139 participants, with a mean age of 65.2 years and 55.4% women, had information on BMI from all four examinations, and we observed 856 ischemic strokes. People with overweight and obesity over adulthood had a higher risk for ischemic stroke with a multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio of 1.29 (95% CI 1.11−1.48) and 1.27 (95% CI 0.96−1.67), respectively, when compared to normal weight participants. Excess weight tended to have stronger effects earlier than later in life. A trajectory of developing obesity throughout life was associated with higher risk than other trajectories. Conclusions: High average BMI, especially at an early age, is a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Early weight control and long-term weight reduction for those with high BMI may decrease the later occurrence of ischemic stroke.
Conservative Explicit Unrestricted-Time-Step Multidimensional Constancy-Preserving Advection Schemes

Abstract The multidimensional advection schemes described in this study are based on a strictly conservative flux-based control-volume formulation. They use an explicit forward-in-time update over a single time step, but there are no “stability” restrictions on the time step. Genuinely multidimensional forward-in-time advection schemes require an estimate of transverse contributions to each face-normal flux for stability. Traditional operator-splitting techniques based on sequential one-dimensional updates introduce such transverse cross-coupling automatically; however, they have serious shortcomings. For example, conservative-form operator splitting is indeed globally conservative but introduces a serious “splitting error”; in particular, a constant is not preserved in general solenoidal velocity fields. By contrast, advective-form operator splitting is constancy preserving but not conservative. However, by using advective-form estimates for the transverse contributions together with an overall conservat.
Physiopathology of Phosphate Disorders.

Intracellular phosphate is critical for cellular processes such as signaling, nucleic acid synthesis, and membrane function. Extracellular phosphate (Pi) is an important component of the skeleton. Normal levels of serum phosphate are maintained by the coordinated actions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor-23, which intersect in the proximal tubule to control the reabsorption of phosphate via the sodium-phosphate cotransporters Npt2a and Npt2c. Furthermore, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 participates in the regulation of dietary phosphate absorption in the small intestine. Clinical manifestations associated with abnormal serum phosphate levels are common and occur as a result of genetic or acquired conditions affecting phosphate homeostasis. For example, chronic hypophosphatemia leads to osteomalacia in adults and rickets in children. Acute severe hypophosphatemia can affect multiple organs leading to rhabdomyolysis, respiratory dysfunction, and hemolysis. Patients with impaired kidney function, such as those with advanced CKD, have high prevalence of hyperphosphatemia, with approximately two-thirds of patients on chronic hemodialysis in the United States having serum phosphate levels above the recommended goal of 5.5 mg/dL, a cutoff associated with excess risk of cardiovascular complications. Furthermore, patients with advanced kidney disease and hyperphosphatemia (>6.5 mg/dL) have almost one-third excess risk of death than those with phosphate levels between 2.4 and 6.5 mg/dL. Given the complex mechanisms that regulate phosphate levels, the interventions to treat the various diseases associated with hypophosphatemia or hyperphosphatemia rely on the understanding of the underlying pathobiological mechanisms governing each patient condition.
Arsenic Soil Contamination and Its Effects on 5-Methylcytosine Levels in Onions and Arsenic Distribution and Speciation

Arsenic represents a serious health threat in localities with a high arsenic-polluted environment and can easily get into the human food chain through agronomy production in areas affected by arsenic contamination. Onion plants that were grown in controlled conditions in arsenic-contaminated soil (5, 10, and 20 ppm) were harvested 21 days after contamination. Arsenic levels (from 0.43 ± 0.03 µg g−1 to 1761.11 ± 101.84 µg g−1) in the onion samples were high in the roots and low in the bulbs and leaves, which is probably caused by a reduced ability of the onions to transport arsenic from roots to bulbs and leaves. Arsenic species As(V) and As(III) in As(V)-contaminated soil samples were represented strongly in favor of the As(III) species. This indicates the presence of arsenate reductase. Levels of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) (from 5.41 ± 0.28% to 21.17 ± 1.33%) in the onion samples were also higher in the roots than in the bulbs and leaves. Microscopic sections of the roots were examined, and the most damage was found in the 10 ppm As variant. Photosynthetic parameters pointed to a significant decrease in photosynthetic apparatus activity and the deterioration of the physiological state of plants as arsenic content increased in the soil.
Adaptive critic learning for event‐triggered safe control of nonlinear safety‐critical systems

In this paper, an event‐triggered safe control method based on adaptive critic learning (ACL) is proposed for a class of nonlinear safety‐critical systems. First, a safe cost function is constructed by adding a control barrier function (CBF) to the traditional quadratic cost function; the optimization problem with safety constraints that is difficult to deal with by classical ACL methods is solved. Subsequently, the event‐triggered scheme is introduced to reduce the amount of computation. Further, combining the properties of CBF with the ACL‐based event‐triggering mechanism, the event‐triggered safe Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation is derived, and a single critic neural network (NN) framework is constructed to approximate the solution of the event‐triggered safe HJB equation. In addition, the concurrent learning method is applied to the NN learning process, so that the persistence of excitation (PE) condition is not required. The weight approximation error of the NN and the states of the system are proven to be uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) in the safe set with the Lyapunov theory. Finally, the availability of the presented method can be validated through the simulation.
Epitaxial growth and characterization of high quality ZnO films for surface acoustic wave applications

There has been increasing interest in high quality piezoelectric ZnO thin films. ZnO has a high coupling coefficient, which makes it promising for high frequency, low loss SAW devices when the film is deposited on top of a high-velocity substrate such as diamond or sapphire. It is well known that for these devices performance is critically dependent on the quality of ZnO films. We report the epitaxial growth of (1120) ZnO thin films on R-plane sapphire substrates using MOCVD technique. The films' crystallinity and orientations were analyzed using X-ray diffractions. The smooth surface morphology and sharp interface properties were revealed by high-resolution cross-sectional TEM. Solid-electrode test transducers are used to characterize the surface wave velocity, the coupling coefficient and the electrode reflectivity. 10 /spl mu/m. wavelength IDTs have been demonstrated to operate at 420 MHz and 560 MHz, with operating frequency being a function of film thickness. These correspond to SAW velocities of 4200 m/s and 5600 m/s, respectively. Coupling coefficients up to 6% and electrode reflectivity up to 8% per wavelength have been obtained.
Function Spaces of Sobolev Type on Riemannian Symmetric Manifolds

We study function spaces of Sobolev type related to the group of translations of a Riemannian Symmetrie manifold. The spaces are defined in terms of infinitesimal translations. We investigate their elementary properties such äs embeddings, Interpolation, and connections with Bessel potential spaces of the Beltrami-Laplace operator. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision): 46E35. Several kinds of Danach spaces of smooth functions have been defined on Riemannian manifolds. In 1976 T. Aubin introduced and systematically investigated Sobolev spaces WP(M} defined in terms of covariant derivatives (cf. [1], [2]). Later R. S. Strichartz defined Bessel-potential spaces HP(M) connected with a BeltramiLaplace operator of a complete Riemannian manifold M (cf. [15]). The next important Step was done by H. Triebel in 1986. He introduced two scales of function spaces F^q(M) B^q(M), oo < s < oo, 0 < p < oo (p < oo in the case of the Fspaces), 0 < q < oo (cf. [l 8]). The only restriction he had to make was the assumption that M is a complete Riemannian manifold with bounded geometry. He proved that the spaces Wp(M) and Hp(M) are included in the F-scale (Hp(M) = FP 2(M), Wp»(M) = Hp(M\ K/7<oo). This paper deals with function spaces of Sobolev type Vp(M) related to a group of translations of a Riemannian Symmetrie manifold M. The spaces we are going to investigate are generalizations of the classical Sobolev spaces on lR äs well äs the spaces WP(M) are. But in contrast to the F-spaces which have rather "local nature", our spaces are connected with global geometrical properties of the Symmetrie manifold M. Namely it is important how the group of translations acts on M. Despite that fact we are able to prove a few inclusions between Vp(M) and the F-scale. The most important feature of the spaces Vp(M) is their obvious relation to "directions" of the manifold M. So their definition may be regarded äs a generalization of the idea