Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subducted slabs stagnant above, penetrating through, and trapped below the 660 km discontinuity

A new P wave tomographic model of the mantle was constructed using more than 10 million travel times. The finite‐frequency effect of seismic rays was taken into account by calculating banana‐donut kernels at 2 Hz for all first arrival time data, and at 0.1 Hz for broadband differential travel time data. Based on this model, a systematic survey for subducted slab images was developed for the circum‐Pacific; including the Kurile, Honshu, Izu‐Bonin, Mariana, Java, Tonga‐Kermadec, southern and northern South America, and Central America, arcs. This survey revealed a progressive lateral variation of the configuration of slabs along arc(s), which we interpret as an indication for successive stages of slab subduction through the Bullen's transition region with the 660 km discontinuity at the middle. We identified the four distinct stages: I ‐ slab stagnant above the 660 km discontinuity; II ‐ slab penetrating the 660 km discontinuity; III ‐ slab trapped in the uppermost lower mantle (at a depth of 660–1000 km); and IV ‐ slab descending well into the deep lower mantle. The majority of slab images are found to be either at Stage I or III, suggesting that Stages I and III are relatively stable or neutral and II and IV are relatively unstable or transient. There is a remarkable distinction for the deepest hypocentral distribution between slabs at Stage I and slabs at Stages II or III.
Landholder Types in Leyte, The Philippines: A Review of Literature and Proposals for Methods to Extend Understanding

Landholder typologies are potentially useful to assist in the design and administration of tree planting support programs. This paper reports a review of relevant literature on the nature of landholder types in regard to tree planting and upland farming in the Philippines, and some preliminary impressions of landholder types in several communities in Leyte on the basis of information obtained from visits to these communities in 2001. The potential research methodology to examine landholder attitudes and explore for the presence of distinct groups with respect to these attitudes in Leyte is examined.
Large-scale study of Calanus in the North Atlantic Ocean: macroecological patterns and potential impacts of climate change

Centropages typims is a temperate neritic-coastal species of the North Atlantic Oceans, generally found between the latitudes of the Mediterranean and the Norwegian Sea. Therefore, the species experiences a large number of environments and adjusts its life cycle in response to changes in key abiotic pa rameters such as temperature. Using data from the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey, we review the macroecology o f C. typic·us and factors that influence its spatial distribution, phenology and year-to-year to decadal variability. The ecologica l preferences are identified and quantified . Mechanisms that allow the species to occur in such different environments are discussed and hypotheses a re proposed as to how the species adapts to its environment. We show that temperature and both quantity and qualit y of phytoplankton are important factors explaining the space and time variability of C. typiC11s. TI1ese results show that C. typicus will not respond on ly to temperature increase in the region but a lso to changes in phytoplankton abundance. structure <t nd composition <tnd timing of occurrence. Methods such as <1 decision tree C<tn help to forecast expected changes in the distribution o f this species with hydro-climatic forcing. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd . All rights reserved . Keywurds: Macroecology: North Atlantic Ocean; Centropages typic·us; CPR survey; Statistical analyses
An evaluation of census quality

The primary purpose of a census is to provide accurate estimates of a country's population. These underpin a myriad of key planning decisions in between consecutive censuses at both the local and national level. In addition, reliable census data is needed at an international level. For example, the UN requires member states to take at least a census every ten years and EU member states have a statutory requirement to provide comprehensive population and housing data at regular defined periods. As such censuses have a pivotal role to play within official statistics. There are, however, different modes in which a country can conduct a census. Furthermore, despite all efforts, it is inevitable that the census cannot be perfect. Therefore, there is the need to measure the quality of the data produced in a census. The measurement of quality within a census is not an easy undertaking, mainly because there is currently no standard method of quality assessment that applies to all census methodologies. Thus this paper aims to bridge this gap, by examining quality assessment with regards to population censuses. It defines census quality, and then discusses the assessment of quality for different types of censuses.
“Nicht so anstrengend wie erwartet”: Wie ein Fokus auf Erwartungsverletzungen die Wirksamkeit von Verhaltensaktivierung bei Depressionen steigern kann

Verhaltensaktivierung ist ein zentraler Bestandteil der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie bei depressiven Störungen. Befunde aus der Grundlagenforschung zum inhibitorischen Lernen und deren klinische Anwendungen legen nahe, dass die Wirksamkeit von Verhaltensaktivierung zusätzlich gesteigert werden könnte, wenn bei der Durchführung ein besonderer Fokus auf das Erleben von Erwartungsverletzungen gelegt wird. So wird in diesem Artikel ein Behandlungsansatz vorgestellt, der die Verhaltensaktivierung um den Aspekt der Erwartungsverletzung ergänzt. Zentral ist dabei die Erfahrung, dass das Durchführen von geplanten Aktivitäten für Depressionspatient:innen meist weniger anstrengend als erwartet ist und mehr Freude als erwartet macht. In der Nachbesprechung wird zudem die nachhaltige Verarbeitung einer solchen erwartungsverletzenden Erfahrung besonders gefördert, indem einer nachträglichen Entwertung der Erfahrung durch die Patient:innen entgegengewirkt wird. So lernen die Patient:innen, dass sie aufgrund der Depression dazu neigen, Aktivitäten als unverhältnismäßig aversiv anzunehmen, sich diese Erwartung jedoch in aller Regel nicht bestätigt. Dadurch trauen sie sich in der Folge mehr zu und können zukünftige Aktivitäten optimistischer angehen. In einer kleinen Machbarkeitsstudie bei teilstationär behandelten Depressionspatient:innen (N = 7) zeigte sich, dass der hier vorgestellte Behandlungsansatz gut umsetzbar ist und von den Patient:innen gut angenommen wird. Dies kann die Grundlage für eine größer angelegte klinische Studie zur Wirksamkeitsprüfung sein und eine Weiterentwicklung der Verhaltensaktivierung anstoßen.
Cardiac Hypertrophy in an Infant of a Diabetic Mother: A Case of Reversible Cardiomyopathy

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterised by insulin deficiency or resistance and/or β-cell defects. High Body Mass Index (BMI) at conception, undiagnosed pregestational diabetes, and poor glycaemic control significantly affect the foetal heart, foetoplacental circulation and foetal growth. Myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac defects are more prevalent in Infants of Diabetic Mothers (IDMs). Cardiac Hypertrophy (CH) is characterised by a significant thickening of the interventricular septum, reduction in the size of the ventricular cavity, systolic and diastolic dysfunction and subaortic stenosis. A term neonate born to a mother with pregestational insulin-dependent Type I Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) developed respiratory distress soon after birth, and Echocardiography (ECHO) showed Asymmetric Septal Hypertrophy (ASH) and Left Ventricular Outflow Tract (LVOT) obstruction. The baby responded well to oral propranolol, which was continued for four weeks, resulting in the resolution of CH at four months of age on follow-up. The present case underscores the importance of ECHO, even in infants born to mothers with good glycaemic control.
Weather condition and Urban infrastructure for sustainable water supply protection from water meter frost: the case of Seoul

ABSTRACT Wintertime water meter frost is a substantial threat to sustainable water supply. However, little is known about the social and environmental conditions associated with its occurrence. This study identifies characteristics of water meter frost in Seoul, South Korea, by examining natural and anthropogenic conditions, such as local weather and urban infrastructures. The deterministic threshold of seasonal water meter frosts is the number of cold days below −10°C. The wall-type water meter was the first to freeze during a cold surge, whereas the manhole-type water meter froze gradually, which increased after a persistent cold surge of more than three days. In addition, deteriorated buildings (older than 30 years), narrow pipes with diameters of 15–20 mm, and housing types such as townhouses and shopping malls were found to be vulnerable to frost. The critical thresholds proposed in this study are necessary for maintaining a stable water supply in megacities in cold regions, world-wide.
Conducta sexual riesgosa y consumo de alcohol

This study intended to determine the influence of alcohol consumption on the incidence of risky sexual behavior of some students between 18 and 22 years of age attending the University of Costa Rica . Also investigated the influence of self-esteem and knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases in relation to age. To achieve these ends, it created an instrument that involved validation, internal consistency and the creation of an explanatory model, which could prove as independent variables influencing others. The instrument was applied to 96 students at the University of Costa Rica, distributed in equal amounts of men and women. As a main result it was found that higher consumption of alcohol, tend to be much sex, the greater number of sexual partners and greater number of sexual partners known or unknown the same day. So if it is considered risky sexual behavior the presence of these three factors, we can say that alcohol consumption can lead to risky sexual behavior.
Neogene evolution of the Atlantic continental margin of NW Europe (Lofoten Islands to SW Ireland): anything but passive

A regional stratigraphic framework for the Neogene succession along and across the NW European margin is presented, based on a regional seismic and sample database. The stratigraphy provides constraints on the timing and nature of the mid- to late Cenozoic differential tectonic movements that have drivenmajor changes in sediment supply, oceanographic circulation and climate (culminating in continental glaciation). The overall context for Neogene deposition on the margin was established in the mid-Cenozoic, when rapid, km-scale differential subsidence (sagging) created the present-day deep-water basins. The Neogene is subdivided into lower (Miocene–lower Pliocene) and upper (lower Pliocene–Holocene) intervals. The lower Neogene contains evidence of early to mid-Miocene compressive tectonism, including inversion anticlines and multiple unconformities that record uplift and erosion of basin margins, as well as changes in deep-water currents. These movements culminated in a major expansion of contourite drifts in the mid-Miocene, argued to reflect enhanced deep-water exchange across the Wyville-Thomson Ridge Complex, via the Faroe Conduit. The distribution and amplitude of the intra-Miocene movements are consistent with deformation and basin margin flexure in response to enhanced intra-plate compressive stresses during a local plate reorganization (transfer of the Jan Mayen Ridge from Greenland to Europe). The upper Neogene records a seaward tilting (
PROPAGATION OF SMALLNESS FOR SOLUTIONS OF GENERALIZED CAUCHY–RIEMANN SYSTEMS

Abstract Let $u$ be a solution of a generalized Cauchy–Riemann system in $\mathbb{R}^n$. Suppose that $|u|\le1$ in the unit ball and $|u|\le\varepsilon$ on some closed set $E$. Classical results say that if $E$ is a set of positive Lebesgue measure, then $|u|\le C\varepsilon^\alpha$ on any compact subset of the unit ball. In the present work the same estimate is proved provided that $E$ is a subset of a hyperplane and the (capacitary) dimension of $E$ is greater than $n-2$. The proof gives control of constants $C$ and $\alpha$. AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 31B35. Secondary 35B35; 35J45
Subseasonal Variability of Precipitation in China during Boreal Winter

AbstractUsing pentad data of the Northern Hemisphere extended winter (November–March) from 1979 to 2012 derived from the daily rainfall of the National Meteorological Information Center of China, subseasonal variability of precipitation in China is analyzed. The two dominant modes of subseasonal variability are identified with an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. The first EOF mode (EOF1) is characterized by a monopole in South China, whereas the second EOF mode (EOF2) has a meridional dipole structure with opposite precipitation anomalies over the Yangtze River basin and the coastal area of South China. These two modes tend to have a phase shift to each other in both space and time, indicating that part of their variability represents a southward-propagating pattern.The subseasonal variability is decomposed into two components: one related to the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and the other independent of MJO. It is found that the MJO contributes to about 10% of the precipitation variability.
Evaluación energética de motores asincrónicos ante armónicos y desbalance de voltaje en una empresa minera

Resumen El proposito del articulo es exponer una variante para evaluar, en las empresas mineras de Moa, las prestaciones energeticas de motores asincronicos partiendo de que la eficiencia de estos es afectada por niveles considerables de armonicos de varios ordenes provenientes de las fuentes de suministro electrico. El procedimiento se fundamenta en el metodo del momento en el entrehierro off line, en presencia de armonicos y desbalance de voltaje; permite determinar la potencia en el eje, el grafico de la eficiencia y otros parametros funcionales de motores electricos asincronicos en condiciones de campo. La implementacion del procedimiento ha reportado resultados satisfactorios al facilitar el desarrollo de programas de ahorro de energia con motores asincronicos en las empresas mineras.
Efectos del sulfato de cobre y Romet®-30 en células mucosas branquiales del bagre Ictalurus punctatus

Con el objetivo de estudiar los efectos del tratamiento con sulfato de cobre y Romet®-30 sobre el número y composición de células mucosas branquiales (neutras y ácidas) se expusieron alevines de bagre de canal (Ictalurus punctatus) sanos durante once semanas a tratamientos profilácticos intermitentes de sulfato de cobre (en baños) o Romet®-30 (en el alimento). Cada semana se tomaron muestras del segundo arco branquial, se procesaron histológicamente y se tiñeron con ácido peryódico Schiff (PAS) y azul alcián a pH de 2.5. Los resultados del estudio mostraron un incremento significativo en las células mucosas con reacción ácida de los peces expuestos al sulfato de cobre, lo cual sugiere la respuesta del tejido al compuesto.
Le système coopératif laitier en Inde à l'épreuve de la libéralisation

[eng] The cooperative dairy milk system in india since the liberalization . In 20 years the average availability of milk has crossed 112 gms per day per inhabitant (1973-1974) to about 194 (1994- 1995). These achievements lie numerous technical and organizational efforts to tap a scattered supply system and make the product accessible to the urban population. These results are the fruits of « Operation Flood », launched by the National Dairy Development Board (nddb) in 1970-1971. However, since the liberalization of the dairy sector in 1991, the increase in number of the private dairy industries threatens the monopoly of the nddb. But the possible imports of milk powder at low price, specially from Europe and New Zealand, could constitute the biggest danger to the producers and the nddb, and, in the longer term, to the national production of milk. [fre] En 20 ans, la consommation moyenne de lait en Inde est passee de 112 grammes par jour par personne a pres de 1 94 grâce a la mise en place d'un reseau de pres de 75 000 cooperatives sur tout le territoire indien. Aujourd'hui, le systeme cooperatif laitier (nddb) detient 57 % du marche organise du lait, avec une capacite de 12,3 millions de litre de lait par jour. La liberalisation de la filiere lait amorcee en 1991 risque de remettre en cause 30 ans de monopole de la nddb sur le marche indien mais aussi 30 ans d'efforts pour acheminer une offre dispersee et la redistribuer dans plus de 550 villes indiennes.
Climate Change and Agriculture: A Review Article with Special Reference to India

This paper provides an overview of climate change and agriculture, while paying some specific attention to the impact of climate change on Indian agriculture. This broad-brush account covers both the agronomic and economic aspects of the impact of climate change, as well as a critique of the methodologies used to estimate them. The paper ends with some comments on Indian agricultural policy in the era of climate change. An extended annotated bibliography provides a compendium of the likely impact of climate change on the yield and productivity of several major crops in India; on water-related parameters such as evaporation, water runoff and soil moisture; and on soil productivity, pests and crop diseases.
Prophylaxis for the Unexpected: An Unusual Case of Herpes B Coverage for an Orangutan Bite in an Emergency Department Patient

Patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with an orangutan bite require a series of prophylactic treatments. We present a unique case of an orangutan bite in a 29-year-old male ED patient who was brought by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) for evaluation of an orangutan bite to the right upper extremity with a suspected fourth proximal phalanx fracture. He was referred to hand surgery for a washout and open reduction. Upon discharge, prophylactic medical treatments for unusual pathologies such as herpes B were considered. Appropriate evaluation and treatment of this unique ED condition is necessary to prevent additional patient morbidity.
Progressive Fourier Adversarial Domain Adaptation for Object Classification and Retrieval

Domain adaptation has been extensively explored as a means of transferring knowledge from the labeled source domain to the unlabeled target domain with disparate data distributions. However, the absence of target annotations and significant domain discrepancies pose a great challenge to transfer knowledge directly from source domain to target domain. To address this challenge, we propose a Progressive Fourier Adversarial Domain Adaptation (PFADA) framework, an effective and versatile framework which can generalize across multiple domain adaptation tasks. Firstly, we propose a Fourier-based style transfer strategy to generate a Fourier intermediate domain that incorporates source images with target domain-specific styles, while preserving the domain-invariant representations of the source data. Secondly, we introduce a progressive adversarial domain adaptation approach that utilizes the Fourier intermediate domain to facilitate the learning of domain-invariant representations. Finally, we present cross-domain semantic alignment and discriminative enhancement approach, which effectively guides the learning of discriminative cross-domain representations utilizing labeled source and intermediate domain data. Extensive experimental evaluations consistently validate the superior performance of the proposed method across diverse visual tasks, encompassing multiple domain adaptive image classification and retrieval scenarios.
Hyperproductivity of the Ross Sea (Antarctica) polynya during austral spring

Although satellite data of surface layer pigments have suggested that the daily productivity in the Ross Sea is among the largest found in any marine system, no modern oceanographic cruise has entered the Ross Sea polynya to quantitatively assess the austral spring productivity over time scales of days to weeks. We conducted a cruise to the Ross Sea polynya in November–December, 1994 to measure the contribution of phytoplankton during the austral spring to the annual productivity of the region and found markedly enhanced levels of phytoplankton biomass. Chlorophyll concentrations were greater than 3 µg l−1 in mid‐November, a time when the polynya was covered by a thin (ca. 20–30 cm) layer of ice. Particulate matter concentrations increased through time, and by early December chlorophyll and particulate carbon concentrations exceeded 10 µg l−1 and 53 µmol l−1, respectively. Primary productivity also increased through time: the mean productivity in early December equaled 3.53 g C m−2 d−1, and maximum measured rates exceeded 6 g C m−2 d−1. Productivity based on nitrate disappearance averaged 1.52 g C m−2 d−1 (with a maximum rate of 2.49 g C m−2 d−1), suggesting that the bloom's new production was also substantial. The Ross Sea polynya is the most southerly location in the Antarctic where phytoplankton growth is initiated this early and which supports such high standing stocks by early December. Inclusion of this production in a carbon budget for the region suggests that this area supports an annual production of 200 g C m−2, the largest of any region in the Southern Ocean, and confirms its hyperproductive nature.
The chronology of the martian volcanoes.

The volcanoes of Mars have been divided into three groups based on morphology: basaltic shields, domes and composite cones, and highland patera. A fourth group can be added to include the volcano-tectonic depressions. Using crater counts and the absolute chronology of Soderblom, an attempt is made to estimate the history of the volcanoes. Early in the martian history, about 2.5 b.y. ago, all three styles of volcanoes were active at various locations on the surface. At approximately 1.7-1.8 b.y. ago a transition occurred in the style and loci of volcanic construction. Volcanoes of younger age appear to be only of the basaltic shield group and are restricted to the Tharsis region. This same transition was noted by a change in the style of the basaltic shield group. Older shields were small low features, while the younger shields are significantly broader and taller.
Impact of Previous Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Use on Noninvasive Ventilation Adherence and Quality in Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome: A Pragmatic Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study in Martinique

There is a strong relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). When OHS is combined with severe OSA, treatment consists of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), followed by noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in the case of CPAP failure. Currently, the impact of a previous use of CPAP on the quality of NIV is unknown. We conducted a cross-sectional study with OHS patients, to assess the quality of NIV according to previous CPAP use. We included 75 patients with OHS on NIV (65 women, 87%). Among these, 40 patients (53.3%) who had had prior CPAP (CPAP+ group) were compared to the remaining 35 patients (46.7%) (CPAP− group). Key characteristics were comparable between the CPAP+ and the CPAP− groups: age at diagnosis of OHS was 67 ± 3 vs. 66 ± 4 years (p = 0.8), age at inclusion was 73 ± 15 vs. 69 ± 15 years (p = 0.29), number of comorbidities was 3.7 ± 1.2 vs. 3.3 ± 1.5, the Charlson index was 5.1 ± 2 vs. 4.6 ± 1.8, and BMI was 41.6 ± 7.6 kg/m2 vs. 41.2 ± 8.2, respectively, all p > 0.05. Follow-up length was greater in CPAP+ vs. CPAP− patients (5.6 ± 4.2 vs. 2.9 ± 2.9 years, p = 0.001). The quality of NIV based on daily adherence, pressure support, apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) and leaks was similar in both groups. Reduced adherence (less than 4 h daily) was found in 10 CPAP+ patients (25%) versus 7 CPAP− patients (20%), p = 0.80. NIV efficacy was also similar. This study found no difference in the quality of NIV or in adherence between patients who had had prior CPAP and those who had not. Previous CPAP does not appear to improve the quality of NIV.