Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Irreversibility in quantum mechanics

From the Editorial Board. November 9, 2003 would have marked the seventy-fifth birthday of Boris Borisovich Kadomtsev, were he alive. An outstanding theoretical physicist, teacher, and enlightener, a prominent scientist in plasma physics and controlled nuclear fusion, Kadomtsev was also actively involved in science organization activities. In particular, from 1976 until his untimely death on August 19, 1998, Kadomtsev was the Editor-in-Chief of Physics-Uspekhi, and it is owing to his efforts that the journal improved notably during his tenure. Now, the Editorial Board, with gratitude and sorrow, would like to celebrate his birthday and to honor his blessed memory in these pages. There is, however, a rule — indeed an immutable tradition — in the journal that, except for the Personalia section, no anniversary can be marked in any way other than in a scientific publication. This rule was strictly observed under Kadomtsev, and certainly should not be violated now, even when honoring his memory. Fortunately, there is a video which remained of a lecture on modern problems of quantum physics that Kadomtsev delivered on May 12, 1997. Prepared for publication by M B Kadomtsev, the lecture allows the reader to revisit the heritage of B B Kadomtsev, to appreciate his logic in treating this very difficult area of physics, to hear his voice as it were, to recall Boris Borisovich Kadomtsev and to honor his memory.
Computation network for visible surface reconstruction

ABSTRACT A network computation method for the reconstruction of visual surface is presented. The surface reconstructionproblem stated in this paper is to produce a full surface representation from part of its information. The problemis modeled with the minimization of a variation functional. To transform the problem into the discrete domain, theRayleigh-Ritz method is introduced. The tensor product method is employed to derive a set of linear equations. Then a network composed of a number of iteration cells is proposed to solve the set of equations. During the iteration process of the network, each cell is interacting with its neighboring cells. The surface is reconstructedwhile the iteration converges. 1. INTRODUCTION The visible surface reconstruction is believed to be inherent in the visual surface perception and has receivedconsiderable attention for a long time1'9. It is evident in the area of three-dimensional surface reconstruction. Thesurface reconstruction is issued when only the information from several scattered points is available and the wholesurface information is required.We develops a computational approach from the minimum quadratic variation model proposed by Grimson1.This surface reconstruction is an ill-posed inverse problem. Terzopoulos had discussed the necessity of regularizationfor the problem[10 . Both of their approaches use a functional formulation to ensure the existence and uniquenessof the solution.The criterion for this kind of regularization is that the resulted surface must agree with the human perceptualproperties and not vary radically between these points with known value. Thus, a functional based on quadraticvariation to explicitly describe the characteristics of the surface is formed. After the regularization, a unique solutionof the problem is given by the function that minimizes the variation functional.Since an analytical solution for this kind of problem is very difficult, approximation which is feasible in computa-tion is sought. Grimson had used the mathematical programming to solve this optimization problem1. Terzopouloshad used a finite element approach to derive a computation algorithm9.
The P2X7 Receptor as a Mechanistic Biomarker for Epilepsy

Epilepsy, characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures, is a heterogeneous group of brain diseases affecting over 70 million people worldwide. Major challenges in the management of epilepsy include its diagnosis and treatment. To date, video electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring is the gold-standard diagnostic method, with no molecular biomarker in routine clinical use. Moreover, treatment based on anti-seizure medications (ASMs) remains ineffective in 30% of patients, and, even if seizure-suppressive, lacks disease-modifying potential. Current epilepsy research is, therefore, mainly focussed on the identification of new drugs with a different mechanism of action effective in patients not responding to current ASMs. The vast heterogeneity of epilepsy syndromes, including differences in underlying pathology, comorbidities and disease progression, represents, however, a particular challenge in drug discovery. Optimal treatment most likely requires the identification of new drug targets combined with diagnostic methods to identify patients in need of a specific treatment. Purinergic signalling via extracellularly released ATP is increasingly recognized to contribute to brain hyperexcitability and, consequently, drugs targeting this signalling system have been proposed as a new therapeutic strategy for epilepsy. Among the purinergic ATP receptors, the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) has attracted particular attention as a novel target for epilepsy treatment, with P2X7Rs contributing to unresponsiveness to ASMs and drugs targeting the P2X7R modulating acute seizure severity and suppressing seizures during epilepsy. In addition, P2X7R expression has been reported to be altered in the brain and circulation in experimental models of epilepsy and patients, making it both a potential therapeutic and diagnostic target. The present review provides an update on the newest findings regarding P2X7R-based treatments for epilepsy and discusses the potential of P2X7R as a mechanistic biomarker.
The Uniqueness of the Ginzburg-Rallis Model: the Non-Archimedean Case

We prove the uniqueness of the Ginzburg-Rallis models over $p$-adic local fields of characteristic zero, which completes the local uniqueness problem for the Ginzburg-Rallis models starting from the work of C. -F. Nien in \cite{MR2709083} that proves the non-split case, and the work of D. Jiang, B. Sun and C. Zhu in \cite{MR2763736} that proves the general case over Archimedean local fields. Our proof extends the strategy of \cite{MR2763736} to the $p$-adic case with the help of the refined structure of the wavefront sets of $\mathfrak {z}$-finite distributions as developed by A. Aizenbud, D. Gourevitch and E. Sayag in \cite{MR3406530}.
Linear canonical transforms : theory and applications

Foreward. - PART I : Fundamentals. - Development of linear canonical transforms - a historical sketch. - The linear canonical transformation: definition and properties. - Eigenfunctions of the linear canonical transform. - Uncertainty principles and the linear canonical transform. - The linear canonical transformations in classical optics. - Optical Implementation of Linear Canonical Transforms. - PART II : Discretization and Computation. - Linear canonical domains and degrees of freedom of signals and systems. - Sampling and discrete linear canonical transforms. - Self-imaging and discrete paraxial optics. - Fast algorithms for digital computation of linear canonical transforms. - PART III : Applications. - Deterministic phase retrieval using the LCT. - Analyzing digital holographic systems with the LCT. - Double random phase encoding based optical encryption systems using some linear canonical transforms: weaknesses and countermeasures. - Complex valued ABCD Matrices. - Linear canonical transforms on quantum states of light.
WTTE-RNN : Weibull Time To Event Recurrent Neural Network A model for sequential prediction of time-to-event in the case of discrete or continuous censored data, recurrent events or time-varying covariates

In this thesis we propose a new model for predicting time to events: the Weibull Time To Event RNN. This is a simple framework for time-series prediction of the time to the next event applicable when we have any or all of the problems of continuous or discrete time, right censoring, recurrent events, temporal patterns, time varying covariates or time series of varying lengths. All these problems are frequently encountered in customer churn, remaining useful life, failure, spike-train and event prediction. The proposed model estimates the distribution of time to the next event as having a discrete or continuous Weibull distribution with parameters being the output of a recurrent neural network. The model is trained using a special objective function (log-likelihood-loss for censored data) commonly used in survival analysis. The Weibull distribution is simple enough to avoid sparsity and can easily be regularized to avoid overfitting but is still expressive enough to encode concepts like increasing, stationary or decreasing risk and can converge to a point-estimate if allowed. The predicted Weibull-parameters can be used to predict expected value and quantiles of the time to the next event. It also leads to a natural 2d-embedding of future risk which can be used for monitoring and exploratory analysis. We describe the WTTE-RNN using a general framework for censored data which can easily be extended with other distributions and adapted for multivariate prediction. We show that the common Proportional Hazards model and the Weibull Accelerated Failure time model are special cases of the WTTE-RNN. The proposed model is evaluated on simulated data with varying degrees of censoring and temporal resolution. We compared it to binary fixed window forecast models and naive ways of handling censored data. The model outperforms naive methods and is found to have many advantages and comparable performance to binary fixed-window RNNs without the need to specify window size and the ability to train on more data. Application to the CMAPSS-dataset for PHM-run-to-failure of simulated Jet-Engines gives promising results.
Energy harvesting for devices in wireless sensor networks: A Review

Recent years have witnessed several technological breakthroughs in wireless sensor networks (WSN), yet energy continues to be an indispensable resource despite these advancements. The amount of energy that is available in a WSN has a direct bearing on how well it functions, how well it performs, and how long it will continue to operate. Because of the limitations imposed on them by cost and size, sensor nodes almost always come outfitted with a constrained amount of energy. As a direct consequence of this, their batteries will need to be replaced at regular intervals. However, the replacement is only sometimes a viable alternative; in fact, there are some situations in which it is unlikely to be achievable and entirely improbable. Because of this, there is an urgent need for more feasible solutions, which include energy harvesting or wireless energy transfer, as well as the creation of power at the sensor nodes themselves or their delivery of power to them. These options are among the options that are now available. This study intends to accomplish the following three primary goals: In the first step of this process, we will investigate prospective renewable energy resources and information on their qualities and uses in wireless sensor networks (WSN). Second, this study examines various methods for charging batteries and the various ways each of these methods might be applied to wireless sensor networks (WSN).
The Grey Zones of Reparations for War Victims under International Law

Cada vez hay más consenso y acción en torno a la reparación de las víctimas de conflictos armados. En esta materia, surge un estándar internacional de reparaciones (EIR) como una lista de medidas a seguir, ya sea como parte de las obligaciones legales o de mejores prácticas. Aunque la norma encarna un mensaje redundante emitido en tratados internacionales y el derecho consuetudinario internacional, es tanto un llamado a las partes en conflicto para que cumplan con sus obligaciones hacia las víctimas como una invitación a emprender algunas acciones que aún no alcanzan el nivel de normas generales vinculantes. Dado que el EIR puede suscitar expectativas que no pueden cumplirse en todos los contextos, es importante saber qué se puede esperar y qué no. La respuesta a esta pregunta proviene, en parte, de saber qué es obligatorio de lo que se presenta como estándar. Mediante el estudio deinstrumentos de derecho internacional aplicable a los conflictos armados y de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, este trabajo identifica un núcleo de medidas obligatorias: la restitución, la indemnización, la rehabilitación y la satisfacción, así como la investigación de las violaciones. A continuación, considera dos zonas grises, en primer lugar, aquellas acciones expresadas en términos aspiracionales: la investigación y el enjuiciamiento de las violaciones contra las mujeres desde un enfoque interseccional, el control del comercio de armas de fuego para prevenir los crímenes de género, y la prohibición de amnistías y limitaciones estatutarias a la justicia penal; en segundo lugar, algunos mecanismos considerados como formas de reparación pero que sirven para fines distintos a reparar el daño, a saber, la asistencia a los desplazados internos, el esclarecimiento de la verdad, la no repetición y el enjuiciamiento penal
A Two-Stage Training Framework for Joint Speech Compression and Enhancement

This paper considers the joint compression and enhancement problem for speech signal in the presence of noise. Recently, the SoundStream codec, which relies on end-to-end joint training of an encoder-decoder pair and a residual vector quantizer by a combination of adversarial and reconstruction losses,has shown very promising performance, especially in subjective perception quality. In this work, we provide a theoretical result to show that, to simultaneously achieve low distortion and high perception in the presence of noise, there exist an optimal two-stage optimization procedure for the joint compression and enhancement problem. This procedure firstly optimizes an encoder-decoder pair using only distortion loss and then fixes the encoder to optimize a perceptual decoder using perception loss. Based on this result, we construct a two-stage training framework for joint compression and enhancement of noisy speech signal. Unlike existing training methods which are heuristic, the proposed two-stage training method has a theoretical foundation. Finally, experimental results for various noise and bit-rate conditions are provided. The results demonstrate that a codec trained by the proposed framework can outperform SoundStream and other representative codecs in terms of both objective and subjective evaluation metrics. Code is available at \textit{https://github.com/jscscloris/SEStream}.
Medicine and the making of interprofessional education.

Interprofessional education is a distillation of the investment made by the participating professions — medicine, nursing, allied health, social work and others — each instilling its values, knowledge, and skills accompanied by its preferred learning methods during a continuous process of negotiation and accommodation. This paper focuses on the contribution made in the UK by medicine. It distinguishes between two phases: Interprofessional education took root in the UK during the late 1960s, driven by developments in primary and community care. Teamwork became the cornerstone for effective collaboration as primary care centres were established, but no panacea. Relationships between professions which may have worked well enough at arms length became fraught at close quarters. GPs were enthusiastic about the work of the district nurses, but critical of health visitors whose role some failed to understand. Others understood well enough, but felt that the advice given by the health visitors was at best unnecessary and at worst ill-conceived to the point of being harmful.1,2 These women stood accused of being interfering, even officious and impertinent towards patients, giving medical advice, often incorrect or in conflict with the GP's treatment, and undermining their authority with their patients.3 As for social workers, GPs regarded them as relatively junior employees of the local authority, whose main functions were to find home helps, sort out financial problems, and rescue battered babies. Neither GPs nor health visitors thought that social workers were trustworthy. They were hard to contact and slow to take action, did not offer a 24-hour service or remain long in the same post, never made time to discuss individual cases, …
Adapted Original Music as an Environmental Enrichment in an Intensive Pig Production System Reduced Aggression in Weaned Pigs during Regrouping

Simple Summary In intensive swine production systems, managing the regrouping of pigs is a common practice, but it often leads to aggressive behaviors, which can harm the welfare of the animals. This study explores an approach that involves composing and producing music based on acoustic parameters established by QUIRON Pathobiology research group. The aim is to reduce aggressive behaviors in pigs, thereby enhancing pig welfare during regrouping. Our findings indicate that this cost-effective and easy-to-implement strategy reduces aggressive behaviors in piglets during regrouping. This research offers valuable insights for producers, providing them with a practical way to enhance pig behavior and welfare while also contributing to the broader understanding of animal well-being in swine production systems. Abstract In intensive swine production systems,, the practice of regrouping unfamiliar pigs is common, often leading to aggressive behavior. Although the effect of different musical genres composed for humans has been evaluated in pigs to mitigate aggression, there have been few attempts to create music specifically for pigs. Here, we assess whether sensory stimulation through music, created by adapting the acoustic parameters in the sound mix, induces changes in the aggressive behaviors of pigs during regrouping. Six litters of 10-week-old piglets were randomly selected and assigned to different treatments. The control group (Group A) received no intervention, while Group B was exposed to music for two continuous hours in the morning and afternoon from the time of regrouping. Group C received musical stimulation for one continuous hour in the morning following regrouping. A significant reduction in the frequency and duration of aggressive behaviors was observed in the groups that received musical stimulation during regrouping. Additionally, social, and individual play behaviors showed a decrease in the musical stimulation groups. These findings provide evidence for the effectiveness of created music as a strategy in reducing aggressive behavior during pig regrouping, which can enhance the welfare of pigs and offer a practical solution for pig producers to minimize aggression and its associated negative impacts.
Monotonicity of Prices in Heston Model

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Monotonicity of Prices in Heston Model Sidi Mohamed Ould Aly
Conservation challenges for the Arabian Leopard (Panthera pardus nimr) in the Western Highlands of Arabia

ABSTRACT A high proportion of Arabian leopard killings can be attributed to livestock protection. In the process of catching goats, sheep, young camels or other domestic animals, leopards often interfere with human activities and are considered by livestock farmers as direct competitors. With the ongoing decrease of natural prey species, such as Nubian ibex, rock hyrax, Arabian mountain gazelles and cape hare, leopards are now having to shift their diet to livestock. This naturally increases their unpopularity amongst most livestock farmers whom they come into direct, or indirect, contact with. In most cases, leopards are considered a threat for humans. As a result, leopards are hunted within all of their natural range and with different methods, such as trapping and poisoning. In the early part of the 1980s, it was common to use anticoagulant rat killer for poisoning; however, this stopped in 1985. Today, however, other poisons are used by shepherds to kill predators, which include leopards. A total of 52 known incidences of Arabian leopard poisoning have been recorded in Saudi Arabia from the early nineteenth century to February 2014. Shepherds poison the carcasses of domestic sheep, goats, camel or donkeys thought to have been killed by predators such Arabian wolf, striped hyena or stray dogs and, invariably, it is the elusive Arabian leopard who tends to eat these carcasses. The population of Arabian leopards in Saudi Arabia has almost been wiped out and exists in extremely low numbers in remote mountain ranges. A national leopard strategy and action plan known as the Saudi Leopard Conservation Plan has been developed to protect them from extinction, but further field research and public awareness-raising with regards to banning poisoning or killing the species is absolutely necessary to ensure their survival.
Marine surface microlayer as a sourceof enteric viruses.

Some health important enteric viruses are considered to be emerging waterborne pathogens and so the improvement of detection of these viruses in the aquatic environment is one of the most important steps in dealing with these pathogens. Since these viruses may be present in low numbers in water, it is necessary to concentrate water samples before viral detection. Although there are several methods to concentrate viruses in environmental waters, all present some drawbacks and consequently the method should be chosen that, despite its limitations, is adequate to achieve the aim of each study. As the effectiveness of the concentration methods is evaluated by determining the efficiency of viral recovery after concentration, it is important to use a simple and effective approach to evaluate their recovery efficiency. In this work ultracentrifugation, usually used as a secondary step for viral concentration, was evaluated as the main method to concentrate directly virus in environmental water samples, using the microscopic enumeration of virus-like particles (VLP) as a new approach to estimate the efficiency of recovery. As the flocculation method is currently employed to concentrate virus in environmental waters, it was also used in this study to assess the efficiency of the ultracentrifugation as the main viral concentration method in environmental waters. The results of this study indicate that ultracentrifugation is an adequate approach to concentrate virus directly from environmental waters (recovery percentages between 66 and 72% in wastewaters and between 66 and 76% in recreational waters) and that the determination of VLP by epifluorescence microscopy is a simple, fast and cheap alternative approach to determine the recovery efficiency of the viral concentration methods.