Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visual detection of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 via a portable CRISPR/Cas13a-based lateral flow assay

ABSTRACT The widespread occurrence of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4)-induced hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) has led to significant economic losses for the poultry industry. A sensitive, accurate, and practical FAdV-4 diagnostic approach is urgently required to limit the incidence of the disease. In the present study, a practical method for detecting FAdV-4 was developed using the CRISPR/Cas13a system and recombinase-aided amplification. The approach was based on 37°C isothermal detection with visible results being achieved. The detection limit of the target gene with this approach was only 101 copies/μl, making it very sensitive and specific. Clinical samples fared well when tested with the Cas13a detection method. For identifying FAdV-4, this novel detection approach was found to be sensitive, specific, and effective. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS First study using the CRISPR/Cas13a-based lateral flow detection assay for FAdV-4 detection. The results can be observed by the naked eye. The developed assay could provide an alternative tool for detection of FAdV-4 with minimal equipment.
Tourism, creativity and development

Destinations across the world are beginning to replace or supplement culture-led development strategies with creative development. This book critically analyzes the impact and effectiveness of creative strategies in tourism development and charts the emergence of 'creative tourism'. Why has ‘creativity’ become such an important aspect of development strategies and of tourism development in particular? Why is this happening now, apparently simultaneously, in so many destinations across the globe? What is the difference between cultural tourism and creative tourism? These are among the important questions this book answers. It critically examines the developing relationship between tourism and creativity, the articulation of the ‘creative turn’ in tourism, and the impact this has on theoretical perspectives and practical approaches to tourism development. A wide range of examples from Europe, North America, Asia, Australia and Africa explore the interface between tourism and creativity including: creative spaces and places such as cultural and creative clusters and ethnic precincts; the role of the creative industries and entrepreneurs in the creation of experiences; creativity and rural areas; the 'creative class' and tourism; lifestyle, creativity and tourism and marketing creative tourism destinations. The relationship between individual and collective forms of creativity and the widely differing forms of modern tourism are also discussed. In the concluding section of the book the contribution of creativity to tourism and to development strategies in general is assessed, and areas for future research are outlined. The diverse multidisciplinary contributions link theory and practice, and demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of creativity as a tourism development strategy and marketing tool. It is the first exploration of the relationship between tourism and creativity and its consequences for tourism development in different parts of the world.
Sharpening the blades of the dentate gyrus: how adult‐born neurons differentially modulate diverse aspects of hippocampal learning and memory

For decades, the mammalian hippocampus has been the focus of cellular, anatomical, behavioral, and computational studies aimed at understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying cognition. Long recognized as the brain's seat for learning and memory, a wealth of knowledge has been accumulated on how the hippocampus processes sensory input, builds complex associations between objects, events, and space, and stores this information in the form of memories to be retrieved later in life. However, despite major efforts, our understanding of hippocampal cognitive function remains fragmentary, and models trying to explain it are continually revisited. Here, we review the literature across all above‐mentioned domains and offer a new perspective by bringing attention to the most distinctive, and generally neglected, feature of the mammalian hippocampal formation, namely, the structural separability of the two blades of the dentate gyrus into “supra‐pyramidal” and “infra‐pyramidal”. Next, we discuss recent reports supporting differential effects of adult neurogenesis in the regulation of mature granule cell activity in these two blades. We propose a model for how differences in connectivity and adult neurogenesis in the two blades can potentially provide a substrate for subtly different cognitive functions.
Sudden cardiac death in young athletes: orienteering on Chlamydia pneumoniae?

ventricular septal defect is therefore required. Moreover, longitudinal follow-up of these patients will have to clarify the time course within which this lesion is formed and eventually progresses. Finally, it remains to be demonstrated that the ridges described can give rise to significant outflow tract obstruction with important pressure gradients. The observations by Ozkutlu et al. are very important for the clinical follow-up of patients with a doubly committed ventricular septal defect. A careful echocardiographic examination with special attention to the outflow tracts is required. Moreover, when surgical ventricular septal defect closure is considered, special attention should be given to the presence of subarterial ridges which need to be removed at the time of surgery. Pre-operative colour Doppler examination should thereby focus on the origin of flow turbulence in outflow tracts (e.g. the presence of hypertrophied muscle bundles), so that they can be resected at the time of surgery. For vascular biologists it remains challenging to unravel the link between haemodynamics and cardiovascular response. The surge of endothelial biology with identification of a vast array of different vaso-active and growth factors will probably provide new means for therapeutic intervention. L. MERTENS M. GEWILLIG University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
Habitat use, movement, and life history variation of coastal cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii, in the Salmon River estuary, Oregon

approved: Hiram W. Li Ian A. Fleming Anadromous coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii may be highly dependent on estuaries, passing through them multiple times during their lifetime. However, few studies have investigated estuarine use by coastal cutthroat trout and it is often thought that estuaries serve primarily as migration corridors rather than rearing areas. We used both PIT tag and acoustic tracking techniques in 2002 and 2003 to investigate habitat use, movement, and life history variation within the population of coastal cutthroat trout in the Salmon River estuary, Oregon. Evidence of site fidelity was observed in both the PIT-tagged and acoustically tagged fish, with 70% of PIT tagged fish being recaptured at their previous capture site and most acoustically tagged fish residing in one location for at least 25 days. Ninety percent of fish relocated 1.7 km upstream or downstream showed directional movement toward the original site of capture, and half of those eventually took up residence there. Cutthroat trout used main channel sites more frequently than marsh channel sites, and deeper sites more frequently than shallower sites. Contrary to published results for most other coastal populations, Salmon River cutthroat trout rear in the estuary for much of the year. We identified two main life history types: an “ocean migrant” form that migrates rapidly through the estuary and out to sea, and an “estuarine resident” form that resides in the estuary for the spring and summer. In addition, we found evidence of other life history types: coastal cutthroat trout that rear mainly in the estuary but make brief forays into the near shore ocean, and some that rear in the estuary throughout winter. We saw no difference in mean length at tagging between ocean migrants and estuarine residents, suggesting that the stimulation for migrating to the ocean was not size related. Half of the acoustically tagged fish exhibited the estuarine life history type. We compared growth rates of ocean migrants and estuarine residents by classifying PIT-tagged fish into life history types based on their recapture history. We found no evidence of a growth advantage for ocean migrants, although sample size was small. This study suggests that the estuarine life history is an important migratory behavior within the continuum of life histories for coastal cutthroat trout in the Salmon River. Our results imply that conservation of coastal cutthroat trout may depend on recovery and maintenance of suitable estuarine rearing habitat. ©Copyright by Lisa K. Krentz May 11, 2007 All Rights Reserved Habitat Use, Movement, and Life History Variation of Coastal Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii in the Salmon River Estuary, Oregon.
Expanding success in the isolation of abundant marine bacteria after reduction in grazing and viral pressure and increase in nutrient availability

ABSTRACT Isolation of microorganisms is a useful approach to gathering knowledge about their genomic properties, physiology, and ecology, in addition to allowing the characterization of novel taxa. We performed an extensive isolation effort on samples from seawater manipulation experiments that were carried out during the four astronomical seasons in a coastal site of the northwest Mediterranean to evaluate the impact of grazing, viral mortality, resource competition reduction, and light presence/absence on bacterioplankton growth. Isolates were retrieved using two growth media, and their full 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to assess their identity and calculate their culturability across seasons and experimental conditions. A total of 1,643 isolates were obtained, mainly affiliated to the classes Gammaproteobacteria (44%), Alphaproteobacteria (26%), and Bacteroidia (17%). Isolates pertaining to class Gammaproteobacteria were the most abundant in all experiments, while Bacteroidia were preferentially enriched in the treatments with reduced grazing. Sixty-one isolates had a similarity below 97% to cultured taxa and are thus putatively novel. Comparison of isolate sequences with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences from the same samples showed that the percentage of reads corresponding to isolates was 21.4% within the whole data set, with dramatic increases in the summer virus-reduced (71%) and diluted (47%) treatments. In fact, we were able to isolate the top 10 abundant taxa in several experiments and from the whole data set. We also show that top-down and bottom-up controls differentially affect taxa in terms of culturability. Our results indicate that culturing marine bacteria using agar plates can be successful in certain ecological situations. IMPORTANCE Bottom-up and top-down controls greatly influence marine microbial community composition and dynamics, which in turn have effects on their culturability. We isolated a high amount of heterotrophic bacterial strains from experiments where seawater environmental conditions had been manipulated and found that decreasing grazing and viral pressure as well as rising nutrient availability are key factors increasing the success in culturing marine bacteria. Our data hint at factors influencing culturability and underpin bacterial cultures as a powerful way to discover new taxa. Bottom-up and top-down controls greatly influence marine microbial community composition and dynamics, which in turn have effects on their culturability. We isolated a high amount of heterotrophic bacterial strains from experiments where seawater environmental conditions had been manipulated and found that decreasing grazing and viral pressure as well as rising nutrient availability are key factors increasing the success in culturing marine bacteria. Our data hint at factors influencing culturability and underpin bacterial cultures as a powerful way to discover new taxa.
The living elephants : evolutionary ecology, behavior, and conservation

The Living Elephants is the authoritative resource for information on both Asian and African elephants. From the ancient origins of the proboscideans to the present-day crisis of the living elephants, this volume synthesizes the behavior, ecology and conservation of elephants, while covering also the history of human interactions with elephants, all within the theoretical framework of evolutionary biology. The book begins with a survey of the 60-million year evolutionary history of the proboscideans emphasizing the role of climate and vegetation change in giving rise to a bewildering array of species, but also discussing the possible role of humans in the late Pleistocene extinction of mastodonts and mammoths. The latest information on the molecular genetics of African and Asian elephants and its taxonomic implications are then presented. The rise of the elephant culture in Asia, and its early demise in Africa are traced along with an original interpretation of this unique animal-human relationship. The book then moves on to the social life of elephants as it relates to reproductive strategies of males and females, development of behavior in young, communication, ranging patterns, and societal organization. The foraging strategies of elephants, their impact on the vegetation and landscape are then discussed. The dynamics of elephant populations in relation to hunting for ivory and their population viability are described with the aid of mathematical models. A detailed account of elephant-human interactions includes a treatment of crop depredation by elephants in relation to their natural ecology, manslaughter by elephants, habitat manipulation by humans, and a history of the ivory trade and poaching in the two continents. The ecological information is brought together in the final chapter to formulate a set of pragmatic recommendations for the long-term conservation of elephants. The broadest treatment of the subject yet undertaken, by one of the leading workers in the field, Raman Sukumar, the book promises to bring the understanding of elephants to a new level. It should be of interest not only to biologists but also a broader audience including field ecologists, wildlife administrators, historians, conservationists and all those interested in elephants and their future.
Concurrent and predictive validity of the personality disorder diagnosis in adolescent inpatients.

OBJECTIVE The authors investigated the concurrent and predictive validity of the DSM-III-R diagnosis of personality disorder in adolescents by means of baseline and follow-up assessments of inpatients treated at the Yale Psychiatric Institute. METHOD One hundred sixty-five hospitalized adolescents were reliably assessed by using a structured interview for personality disorder diagnoses as well as two measures of impairment and distress--the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale and the SCL-90-R. Two years after initial assessment, 101 subjects were independently reassessed with the same measures; their functioning was also assessed at this time. RESULTS At baseline, adolescents with personality disorders were significantly more impaired than those without personality disorders. At follow-up, adolescents with a personality disorder diagnosis at baseline had used significantly more drugs and had required more inpatient treatment during the follow-up interval. Over time, the scores on the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale and SCL-90-R of adolescents diagnosed with a personality disorder at baseline became more similar to the scores of adolescents without a personality disorder. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of personality disorder in adolescent inpatients has good concurrent validity; however, the predictive validity of the diagnosis is mixed.
Serum protein profile analysis via label-free quantitation proteomics in patients with early-onset preeclampsia

Abstract Background Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy complication, resulting in potentially life-threatening conditions for both mother and foetus. It is worth noting that early-onset PE has become a great challenge for clinicians due to its complex manifestation, rapid progression and serious complications. This study aims to investigate differential serum proteome profiles in patients with early-onset PE. Methods Each serum sample was separated using a nanoliter flow rate Easy-nLC chromatography system. Then the samples were analysed by mass spectrometry. Bioinformatics analyses were conducted to analyse the functional categories or signal transduction pathways for differentially abundant proteins. Key proteins identified by mass spectrometry were verified by ELISA. Results We found 30 and 34 proteins were upregulated and downregulated in early-onset PE patients (n = 3) vs controls (n = 3), respectively. Functional enrichment analysis revealed differentially expressed proteins related to the immune response and regulation of peptidase activity. ELISA confirmed that there were lower CSH1 levels and higher LPA concentrations in the serum samples of early-onset PE patients (n = 22) than in healthy controls (n = 19) (p < 0.05 for CSH1 and p < 0.001 for LPA). Conclusions This study revealed the critical features of serum proteins in early-onset PE patients. LPA and CSH1 may serve as biomarkers for early-onset PE diagnosis and therapy. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Early-onset preeclampsia (PE) is still lacking definitive diagnostic or therapeutic strategies. Thus, we tried to identify effective and specific biomarkers for early-onset PE. In this study, we explored the serum protein profiles through the approach of label-free quantitation proteomics between early-onset PE patients and healthy controls. We identified 64 differentially expressed proteins in early-onset PE patients’ serum samples. These differentially expressed proteins are associated with the immune response and regulation of peptidase activity. In addition, our findings suggest that LPA and CSH1 may serve as candidate biomarkers for early-onset PE diagnosis and therapy. These results may help physicians to diagnose early-onset PE clinically. What’s more, our findings provide new insights into the onset and progression of early-onset PE disease.
An Intelligent Inference System for Robot Hand Optimal Grasp Preshaping

This paper presents a novel Intelligent Inference System (IIS) for the determination of an optimum preshape for multifingered robot hand grasping, given object under a manipulation task. The IIS is formed as hybrid agent architecture, by the synthesis of object properties, manipulation task characteristics, grasp space partitioning, low-level kinematical analysis, evaluation of contact wrench patterns via fuzzy approximate reasoning and ANN structure for incremental learning. The IIS is implemented in software with a robot hand simulation.
Efecto de la hormiga tejedora, Oecophylla smaragdina, sobre la trayectoria evolutiva de los mutualismos planta-polinizador en el Sudeste Asiático

Este trabajo ha sido financiado por una Beca JAE Predoc del CSIC (JAEPre_ 08_01008) y los proyectos del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion/FEDER (proyecto CGL2007-63223/BOS y proyecto CGL2010-16795)
Emerging principles of primary cilia dynamics in controlling tissue organization and function

Primary cilia project from the surface of most vertebrate cells and are key in sensing extracellular signals and locally transducing this information into a cellular response. Recent findings show that primary cilia are not merely static organelles with a distinct lipid and protein composition. Instead, the function of primary cilia relies on the dynamic composition of molecules within the cilium, the context‐dependent sensing and processing of extracellular stimuli, and cycles of assembly and disassembly in a cell‐ and tissue‐specific manner. Thereby, primary cilia dynamically integrate different cellular inputs and control cell fate and function during tissue development. Here, we review the recently emerging concept of primary cilia dynamics in tissue development, organization, remodeling, and function.
Social protection systems in Latin America and the Caribbean: Uruguay

Uruguays welfare state can be characterised by its universal primary education system, its early and robust social security system as well as widespread health coverage and benefits. Uruguay also has one of Latin Americas highest levels of social spending in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (24.3 per cent) and as a percentage of total public spending (80.6 per cent). (? )
COLLISIONS OF WHITE DWARFS AS A NEW PROGENITOR CHANNEL FOR TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE

We present the results of a systematic numerical study of an alternative progenitor scenario to produce Type Ia supernova explosions, which is not restricted to the ignition of a CO white dwarf (WD) near the Chandrasekhar mass. In this scenario, a shock-triggered thermonuclear explosion ensues from the collision of two WDs. Consistent modeling of the gas dynamics together with nuclear reactions using both a smoothed particle and a grid-based hydrodynamics code are performed to study the viability of this alternative progenitor channel. We find that shock-triggered ignition and the synthesis of Ni are in fact a natural outcome for moderately massive WD pairs colliding close to head-on. We use a multi-dimensional radiative transfer code to calculate the emergent broadband light curves and spectral time series of these events. The synthetic spectra and light curves compare well to those of normal Type Ia supernovae over a similar B-band decline rate and are broadly consistent with the Phillips relation, although a mild dependence on viewing angle is observed due to the asymmetry of the ejected debris. While event rates within galactic centers and globular clusters are found to be much too low to explain the bulk of the Type Ia supernovae population, they may be frequent enough to make as much as a one percent contribution to the overall rate. Although these rate estimates are still subject to substantial uncertainties, they do suggest that dense stellar systems should provide upcoming supernova surveys with hundreds of such collision-induced thermonuclear explosions per year.
Stress Urinary Incontinence

• Physiotherapy to assist with pelvic floor exercises and bladder retraining. These exercises can be a very effective way of improving the symptoms of SUI. Up to 75% of women show improvement in leakage when this practice is carried out regularly over a period of time. Many women have difficulty performing these exercises correctly. Even if you have tried to do these exercises previously, it is worthwhile seeing a physiotherapist with a special interest in women’s health that will review your technique and offer advice.