Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Joint Estimation Method of DOD and DOA of Bistatic Coprime Array MIMO Radar for Coherent Targets Based on Low-Rank Matrix Reconstruction

Based on low-rank matrix reconstruction theory, this paper proposes a joint DOD and DOA estimation method for coherent targets with bistatic coprime array MIMO radar. Unlike the conventional vectorization, the proposed method processed the coprime array with virtual sensor interpolation, which obtained a uniform linear array to generate the covariance matrix. Then, we reconstructed the Toeplitz matrix and established a matrix optimization recovery model according to the kernel norm minimization theory. Finally, the reduced dimension multiple signal classification algorithm was applied to estimate the angle of the coherent targets, with which the automatic pairing of DOD and DOA could be realized. With the same number of physical sensors, the proposed method expanded the array aperture effectively, so that the degree of freedom and angular resolution could be improved significantly for coherent signals. However, the effectiveness of the method was largely limited by the signal-to-noise ratio. The superiority and effectiveness of the method were proved using simulation experiments.
Space-Frequency Shape Inference and Segmentation of 3D Surfaces

Image texture is useful for segmentation and for computing surface orientations of uniformly textured objects. If texture is ignored, it can cause failure for stereo and gray-scale segmentation algorithms. In the past, mathematical representations of image texture have been applied to only specific texture problems, and no consideration has been given to the models’ generality across different computer vision tasks and different image phenomena. We advocate. the space/frequency representation, which shows the local spatial frequency content of every point in the image. From several different methods of computing the representation, we pick the spectrogram. The spectrogram elucidates many disparate image phenomena including texture boundaries, texture in perspective, aliasing, zoom, and blur. Many past shape-from-texture algorithms require potentially unreliable feature detection and “magic numbers” (arbitrary parameters), and none of them were developed in the context of a more general texture-understanding system. Toward this end, we show that the spatial frequency shifts caused by perspective can be approximated by an &ne transformation which is a function of the textured surface’s surface normal. We use this relationship in three different shape-from-texture algorithms. TWO of them require no feature-finding and work on the raw spectrogram, giving a high-level scene parameter directly from low-level image data. The first algorithm includes an analytical sensitivity analysis. The third algorithm works with just the peak frequencies and gives a fast way of computing local surface normals from periodic texture. The algorithms need only a few magic numbers. On real textures, the average error in computed surface normal is only about four degrees. We use the third algorithm to solve a long-standing problem in image texture analysis: segmenting images of textured, 3D surfaces. Past work in texture segmentation and shape-from-texture is based on assumptions that make this problem impossible to solve. 3D perspective effects warp the otherwise uniform textures so segmentation fails. We develop a region-growing algorithm that accounts for the surface normals by unwarping the frequency distribution. It uses a minimum description length merge criterion. Our algorithm successfully segments images of real texture. We conclude by showing how the space/frequency representation has the potential for unifying several different computer vision algorithms
Protein Structure and Function

Proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units known as amino acids. There are 20 different kinds of amino acids that are linked together by peptide bond to make a protein molecule. The sequence of amino acids determines each protein’s unique 3-dimensional structure and its specific function such as catalysis of biochemical reactions, mechanical support and immune protection, movement, transport of ligand, transmits nerve impulses, and control growth and differentiation. The amino acids of a protein have been classified as polar, nonpolar, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, acidic, basic, aliphatic and aromatic. A protein can acquire a regular secondary structure for instance α-helix, β-pleated sheet, β-turn, and coils. The secondary structures are further folded leading to the formation of higher order structure namely, tertiary structure which is stabilized mainly by hydrogen-bonding, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals interactions. Proteins are not entirely rigid molecules. They undergo conformational changes upon ligand binding. For instance, myoglobin and hemoglobin undergo conformational changes when they bind oxygen, therefore they can transport oxygen to the different tissues and lungs respectively. Thus, these proteins show structure-function relationship. In the views of above, in this chapter we have described briefly from amino acids the building block of proteins to quaternary structure of proteins. Further, we have explained structure-function relationship with special reference to myoglobin, and hemoglobin.
The Cytotoxicity Assessment of Novel Formulation Developed to Reduce Dentin Hypersensitivity Utilizing Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay

The problem of real treatment of teeth hypersensitivity is still important and unsolved. The main goal of the experiment was to calculate the possible toxic effects on the fibroblasts cells CCL-1TM (NCTC clone 929) caused by original preparation to reduce tooth surfaces’ hypersensitivity, compared to the marketable preparation Seal & Protect (Dentsply). The assessment was made through measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH assay). Lactate dehydrogenase releases from the cell’s cytoplasm to the culture medium as a result of cell membrane damage and lysis of the cells. The measurement is based on an assessment of the ability of LDH to oxidize lactic acid to pyruvic acid, which is dependent on the increase of the release level. The increase of LDH activity in the supernatants of cell cultures shows a relationship with the percentage of dead cells (increased cytotoxicity correlates with the increasing content of dead cells). In the LDH assay, both formulations evaluated after 24 h obtained results which were located below the control values. After seven days, the mean values obtained in cytotoxicity assay LDH are measurable and lower for the original formulation in comparison to the commercial one at the dilution of 1:5. At the dilution with 1:10 ratio, they are comparable and within the range of accepted values. At the maximal dilution of 1:15, the results are higher for the experimental formulation in comparison to the marketable formulation. The polymerization process is beneficial for the cytotoxicity test results in case of both tested preparations. Average values of cytotoxicity of both preparations attain an acceptable level of less than 22.6% ± 8.1, reliant on the degree of dilution and the remark time. Original formulation is characterized by a greater homogeneity of results. The marketable preparation has a larger diversity of effects, dependent on the time of observation and attenuation; however, the cytotoxicity values are lower when paralleled to the experimental formulation in the test conducted after seven days. This should not have a disastrous effect on the pulp, as the values of both as the values of both preparations are within expected ranges. The obtained results allows to assume that will be possible to introduce the original formulation to the stage of clinical trials in the future.
Public health. Violence against women.

This Policy Forum presents new global evidence on the extent of domestic violence against women. Data from more than 24,000 women in 10 geographically and culturally varied countries involved in the WHO Multi-Country Study on Women9s Health and Domestic Violence highlights that violence is widespread and illustrates the degree to which levels vary between settings. It argues that violence against women is a complex social problem with far-reaching health consequences and one that urgently needs to be addressed.
Hacienda Pública Española/Review of Public Economics

This paper aims to examine how cyclically-adjusted primary balance (CAPB) in EU countries responded to the expenditure and tax decentralization. We contribute to the literature by three important conclusions. First, estimation results indicate that CAPB positively responded to expenditure decentralization, and negatively responded to tax decentralization. Second, fiscal decentralization seems to be driven by the determinants exogenous to primary balance. Third, variables deemed as the “good” instruments in the existing literature fail to explain within variations of the fiscal decentralization indicators. We hypothesized that negative impact of tax decentralization on the primary balance is transmitted through the government revenues, but further research is needed to resolve this puzzle.
Central extensions of groups of Lie type.

The covering for a window has a pair of base and top or cap frame strips having complementary shaped engaging surfaces including longitudinally extending ribs and grooves, and where the base frame strip is adapted to be secured to a window frame casing or wall surface and such strip has a series of sharp pointed devices carried thereby and extending upwardly therefrom less than the thickness of the top frame strip so that a plastic sheet can be impaled on the sharp pointed devices and means secure the frame strips together and to the window frame in such a manner that the plastic sheet is in sealed engagement with and between the frame strips. The invention also includes the positioning of two plastic sheets over the window by use of an intermediate frame strip positioned between the top and base frame strips and the method of attaching the plastic sheets to the frame strip means which includes attaching one marginal edge of a plastic sheet onto one frame member by being impaled onto sharp devices thereon and then to be attached to the other frame members by grasping the plastic sheet and pulling it downwardly it is simultaneously tensioned laterally and is impaled onto the sharp devices on the other frame members. The sheet next is secured to such frame members or strips by cap strips to seal the plastic sheet in engagement with the frame strips under tension and form a substantially airtight cover over the window frame.
SOMSI: Spherical Novel View Synthesis with Soft Occlusion Multi-Sphere Images

Spherical novel view synthesis (SNVS) is the task of estimating 360○ views at dynamic novel views given a set of 360○ input views. Prior arts learn multi-sphere image (MSI) representations that enable fast rendering times but are only limited to modelling low-dimensional color values. Modelling high-dimensional appearance features in MSI can result in better view synthesis, but it is not feasible to represent high-dimensional features in a large number (> 64) of MSI spheres. We propose a novel MSI representation called Soft Occlusion MSI (SOMSI) that enables modelling high-dimensional appearance features in MSI while retaining the fast rendering times of a standard MSI. Our key insight is to model appearance features in a smaller set (e.g. 3) of occlusion levels instead of larger number of MSI levels. Experiments on both synthetic and real-world scenes demonstrate that using SOMSI can provide a good balance between accuracy and run-time. SOMSI can produce considerably better results compared to MSI based MODS [1], while having similar fast rendering time. SOMSI view synthesis quality is on-par with state-of-the-art NeRF [24] like model while being 2 orders of magnitude faster. For code, additional results and data, please visit https://tedyhabtegebrial.github. io/somsi.
Considerations for a model for NCB noun classes in Wikidata

Abstract Wikipedia aims to document lexicographic information in Wikidata. A key stumbling block to realise this for Niger-Congo B languages, is the centrality of its noun class system that governs the rest of a sentence. At present, Wikidata has almost no data and information, and what is there is an unusable encoding for the NCB languages and the required tasks. In this abstract, we present some first steps in the direction of the creation of an inclusive model. ACM
ON THE MECHANISM OF CANCER

ployed in various parts of the Dominion of A brief survey of procedures for vaccination Canada is also included. against diphtheria has been undertaken. Recent diphtheria anatoxine or toxoid is briefly For the preparation of the tables and graph I am very wonsiderkeo A statistical survey of, the extent much indebted to my colleague Miss Mary Ross, M.A., considered. A statistical survey of the extent of the Department of Epidemiology and Biometrics, to which this immunizing agent has been emSchool of Hygiene, University of Toronto.
Analysis of retrieval of dental implants displaced into ectopic locations between 2015–2017 and 2018–2020: scoping review of literature

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate differences in 10 items of treatment details in patient regarding cases between 2015–2017 (EP) and 2018–2020 (LP) from scoping literature review of displaced dental implant (DDI) retrievals. Materials and methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect were searched using key words including “displaced,” “retrieved,” “migrated,” or “accidental" dental implants. Treatment details were analyzed for the differences between EP and LP in 92 cases from 32 articles published in 13 countries. Statistical significance was evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U-test, Fisher’s exact test, and Pearson’s correlation analysis. Results: In the comparison between EP and LP, there was no significant difference in the number of publication countries (11 vs. 10), number of published articles (17 vs. 15), distributions of cases (50 vs. 42), mean age of patients (55.9 ± 1.8 years vs. 55.3 ± 2.5 years), male-female distribution (31/19 vs. 24/18), and distribution of displacement into the maxillary sinus and other regions (46/4 vs. 34/8), and no significant difference in the Pearson’s correlation between publication years and the number of articles. DDI retrievals utilized intraoral and endoscopic surgeries (61.2% and 82.5%), transoral and transnasal approaches (93.8% and 81.8%), and local and general anesthesia (64.7% and 76.3%) during EP and LP, respectively. Moreover, significant differences were observed in all distributions between the two factors (30/19 vs. 7/33 cases, 30/2 vs. 6/27 cases and 2/12 vs. 9/29 cases) in EP and LP, respectively (P < 0.01). Conclusions: These results suggest that most DDI retrievals in otorhinolaryngology since 2018 have been mostly performed using transnasal endoscopic approaches under general anesthesia.
Supplementary Material for Discovering Objects that Can Move

In this Supplementary, we provide additional experimental results, visualizations and implementation details that were not included in the main paper due to space limitations. We begin by analysing several aspects of our approach, including its memory constraints, effect of the network depth, self-supervised backbone pre-training, and influence of the number of slots in Section 1. A separate discussion of our post-processing approach for the motion segmentation outputs, together with a hyper-parameter ablation, is available in Section 2. We then report additional experimental comparisons in Section 3 including qualitative comparison with SCALOR, measurement with representative segmentation metrics, and comparison with state-of-the-art on CATER. Finally, we provide more statistics for the synthetic TRI-PD dataset in Section 4 and conclude by listing the remaining implementation details in Section 5.
Effects of Routine Health Care Combined with Oral Vitamin D on Linear Growth in 5-Year-Old Children

Objective The aim is to evaluate the effects of routine health care combined with oral vitamin D on linear growth in 5-year-old children. Materials and Methods The 5-year-old children who received routine health care in Shiyan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into the supplement group and the non-supplement group according to whether or not they received oral vitamin D, and reasons for not taking oral vitamin D and its influence on children's linear growth were analyzed. Results A total of 368 children were enrolled, including 228 children in the supplement group, accounting for 61.96%. The analysis of the influencing factors of vitamin D supplementation showed that the proportion of children with well-educated parents and living in cities and towns was higher (all P < 0.05). Comparing the general situation of children in the two groups, it was found that the height, weight, and head circumference of children in the supplement group were notably higher than those in the non-supplement group (all P < 0.05). At age 4 and 5, the height of the supplement group was significantly higher than that of the non-supplement group (all P < 0.001). Linear analysis showed that the relationship between height and age in the supplement group was Y (height, cm) = 10.07 × X (age, years) + 61.18, while that in the non-supplement group was Y (height, cm) = 8.296 × X (age, years) + 62.81, with significant difference (all P < 0.05). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in the supplement group was significantly higher than that in the non-supplement group, and the proportion of children ≥75 nmol/L was evidently higher than that in the supplement group (all P < 0.05). In addition, the incidence of vitamin D-related hypercalcemia in the supplement group was significantly higher than that in the non-supplement group (all P < 0.05). Conclusion There are still more children without vitamin D supplement, which is closely related to their parents' education background and place of residence. Additionally, vitamin D supplementation can promote growth and improve 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in children, but with the risk of related complications.
Covariance Estimation using High-Low Prices with Implications for Futures vs Spot Volatility

In this study, we propose a new covariance estimator New Cov based on daily high-low prices. The estimator is unbiased relative to the usual covariance estimator Old Cov for a random walk process. However, empirical findings for two assets namely: Nifty Futures and Nifty Spot over the period 2001-2016 present a different picture. New Cov is upward biased relative to Old Cov which is not possible under a random walk model, there by suggesting level dependence in the volatility. Through simulations, we show that a Constant Elasticity of Variance model can capture this bias. We find that the level effect is stronger in Nifty futures than Nifty spot making it more volatile. The empirical findings reject random walk processes in indices. The approach can be used without using high frequency data, one can readily use OHLC prices to understand the data.
Testing the Monthly Effect of Agricultural Futures Markets with Stochastic Dominance

This study uses a bootstrap-based test of Linton, Maasoumi and Whang (2005) (LMW test) based on stochastic dominance (SD) theory to examine the monthly effects for four active agricultural futures in the U.S. markets: corn, soybeans, soybean meal and wheat. We find returns in October for corn, April for soybeans and August for soybean meal and wheat futures dominate returns of other months. In addition, allocating part of investors’ portfolio in riskless assets enables us to distinguish better the performance among months for various futures. JEL Code: G13, Q14, Q02,
Housing Markets Response to Foreign Funds and Monetary Policy in India — An Empirical Study

Globalisation; integration of the financial markets and increased Global Capital Flows (GCF's) towards Emerging Market Economies has impacted the asset prices and often led to its irrational built-up known as “asset bubbles”. To ensure financial stability, Central banks manage GCF, which causes misalignments in asset prices-housing and equity.Set in India, the current paper investigates and establishes the causality between GCF's (FDI and FII combined) to India and Housing Price Index (HCPI) with a lag of 8 months by applying a bivariate Granger Causality model. Change in the repo rate impacts the HCPI after a lag of 25 months indicating a sluggish transmission channel and the effectiveness of Central bank to intervene in the market using interest rate as a tool. Study's concludes through the analysis of the housing market-asset price channel that this channel should not be relied upon during a bubble-like episode to control falling housing prices since a Repo rate change has a delayed impact on the Housing index.
Appendix to “Salvage of Supervision in Weakly Supervised Object Detection” A.1. Introducing the pipeline of OICR

In this part, we will introduce the details of OICR [14], a widely used framework in WSOD. OICR is composed of two parts, a multiple instance detection network (MIDN) and several online instance classifier refinement (OICR) branches. There are different choices to implement the MIDN part. WSDDN [2], the first work to integrate the MIL process into an end-to-end detection model, is the most commonly used one. As for the OICR branch, originally it only contained one classifier and a softmax function. [15] started to introduce the bounding box regressor into OICR branches, which was proved to be effective in many works [8, 11, 16, 17]. Specifically, we denote I ∈ Rh×w×3 as an RGB image, y = [y1, y2, . , yC ] ∈ [0, 1] as its corresponding groundtruth class labels, and R ∈ R4×N as the precomputed object proposals. C is the total number of object categories and N is the number of proposals. With the help of a pre-trained backbone model, we can extract the feature map for I , and proposal feature vectors are extracted by an RoI pooling layer and two FC layers. Following WSDDN, proposal feature vectors are branched into two streams to produce classification logits x ∈ RC×N and detection logits x ∈ RC×N . Then x and x will be normalized by passing through two softmax layers along the category direction and the proposal direction, respectively, as shown in Equation 1. [σ(x)]ij represents the probability of proposal j belonging to class i and [σ(x)]ij represents the likelihood of proposal j to contain an informative part of class i among all proposals in image I .