Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Evaluation of Image Quality for Various Scenarios In a Chromotomographic System With a Spinning Prism

Abstract : A lab and eld based hyperspectral chromotomographic imager has been developed at the Air Force Institute of Technology. It is a prototype used to study the requirements for a space-based system. The imager uses a high speed visible band camera behind a direct-vision prism to image both spatial dimensions and the spectral dimension at the same time. Capturing all 3 simultaneously allows for the hyperspectral imaging of transient events. The prism multiplexes the spectral and spatial information, so tomographic reconstruction algorithms must be used to separate hyperspectral channels. Experiments were conducted to compare reconstructed image quality as a function of spatial, spectral, and temporal complexity. To test spatial complexity, a simulated point source, a standard bar chart, and an amorphous object were imaged. The more simple objects were reconstructed well. When objects dispersed by the prism overlapped in the raw data, reconstructions diminished. To test spectral complexity, atomic emission lines and white light with different types of optical filters were imaged. Because of the way the prism disperses light, shorter wavelengths were reconstructed better than longer ones. The temporal complexity experiments determined 3/4 of a prism revolution is sufficient (with approximately 60 projections) to reconstruct a scene as long as there were a sufficient number of frames in the recording. As few as 12 frames are sufficient in a complete revolution. Finally, a fireball was imaged in a eld experiment. The chromotomographic imager constructed the spectrum of the fireball with very wide spectral lines. Hindrances to reconstruction, such as a cone of missing hyperspectral information, are discussed. Additionally, a comparison of and improvements to the reconstruction algorithms are suggested.
Bounded rationality:psychology, economics and the financial crises

Classical mathematical algorithms often fail to identify in time when the international financial crises occur although, as the classical theory of choice would suggest, the economic agents are rational and the markets are or should be efficient and behave also rationally. This contribution does not pretend to give a complete answer to these questions, but it will highlight some well-known limits of the classical theory of rational choice. In particular, the present paper will focus on the concept of bounded rationality. The work also makes some references to behavioral economics and to the literature of behavioral finance which has given important contributions in explaining the behavior and the anomalies of financial markets. Finally, following the approch of Simon, the paper proposes an analytical model to describe the behaviour of agents which are rationally bounded, risk averse and loss averse, emphasizing the relationship between psychology and economics which helps to explain the crisis in financial markets.
Reference frames for encoding of translation and tilt in the caudal cerebellar vermis

Many daily behaviors rely critically on estimates of our body’s motion and orientation in space. Vestibular signals are essential for such estimates but to contribute appropriately two key sets of computations are required. First, ambiguous motion information from the otolith organs must be combined with spatially transformed rotational signals (e.g., from the canals) to distinguish head translation from tilt. Second, tilt and translation estimates must be transformed from a head- to a body-centered reference frame to correctly interpret the body’s motion. Studies have shown that cells in the caudal cerebellar vermis (nodulus and ventral uvula, NU) reflect the output of the first set of computations to estimate translation and tilt. However, it remains unknown whether these estimates are encoded exclusively in head-centered coordinates or whether they reflect a further transformation towards body-centered coordinates. Here we addressed this question by examining how the 3D spatial tuning of otolith and canal signals on translation- and tilt-selective NU neurons varies with changes in head-re-body and body-re-gravity orientation. We show that NU cell tuning properties are consistent with head-centered coding of otolith signals during translation. Furthermore, while canals signals in the NU have been transformed into world-referenced estimates of reorientation relative to gravity (i.e., tilt), as needed to resolve the tilt-translation ambiguity, the resulting tilt estimates are encoded in head-centered coordinates. Our results thus suggest that body-centered motion and orientation estimates required for postural control, navigation and reaching are computed elsewhere either by further transforming NU outputs or via computations in other parallel pathways.
Less cortical complexity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex is associated with a greater preference for risky and immediate rewards

In our everyday lives, we are often faced with situations in which we have to make choices that involve risky or delayed rewards. However, the extent to which we are willing to accept larger risky (over smaller certain) or larger delayed (over smaller immediate) rewards vary across individuals. Here we investigated the relationship between cortical surface complexity in medial prefrontal cortex and individual differences in risky and intertemporal preferences. We found that lower cortical complexity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) was associated with a greater preference for risky and immediate rewards. In addition to these common structural associations in mPFC, we also found associations between lower cortical complexity and a greater preference for immediate rewards that extended into left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and right vmPFC. Taken together, the shared association suggests that lower cortical complexity in vmPFC may be a structural marker for individual differences in impulsive behavior.
La nueva gestión pública: evolución y tendencias

New public management pursues the creation of an efficient and effective administration, that is, an administration that satisfies the real needs of citizens at the lowest possible cost. To do so, it favors the introduction of competition mechanisms that permit user choice and in turn promote the development of better quality services. All of this is su­ rrounded by systems of control that grant full transparency to the processes, plans and outcomes, in order to, on the one hand, perfect the system of choice, and on the other, to favor citizen participation. The present article aims to synthesize the diverse actions and reforms carried out in the public sector in the interna­ tional sphere. The main theories upholding this emerging paradigm are also analyzed, permitting an understanding of the reasons behind each of the policies or changes that have taken place, are taking place or will take place in the public administrations.
Time-Varying Uncertainty of the Federal Reserve's Output Gap Estimate

Abstract A factor stochastic volatility model estimates the common component to output gap estimates produced by the staff of the Federal Reserve, its time-varying volatility, and time-varying, horizon-specific forecast uncertainty. The output gap estimates are uncertain even well after the fact. Nevertheless, the common component is clearly procyclical, and positive innovations to the common component produce movements in macroeconomic variables consistent with an increase in aggregate demand. Heightened macroeconomic uncertainty, as measured by the common component's volatility, leads to persistently negative economic responses.
KAPE: kNN-Based Performance Testing for Deep Code Search

Code search is a common yet important activity of software developers. An efficient code search model can largely facilitate the development process and improve the programming quality. Given the superb performance of learning the contextual representations, deep learning models, especially pre-trained language models, have been widely explored for the code search task. However, studies mainly focus on proposing new architectures for ever-better performance on designed test sets but ignore the performance on unseen test data where only natural language queries are available. The same problem in other domains, e.g., CV and NLP, is usually solved by test input selection that uses a subset of the unseen set to reduce the labeling effort. However, approaches from other domains are not directly applicable and still require labeling effort. In this paper, we propose the kNN-based performance testing (KAPE), to efficiently solve the problem without manually matching code snippets to test queries. The main idea is to use semantically similar training data to perform the evaluation. Extensive experiments on six programming language datasets, three state-of-the-art pre-trained models, and seven baseline methods demonstrate that KAPE can effectively assess the model performance (e.g., CodeBERT achieves MRR 0.5795 on JavaScript) with a slight difference (e.g., 0.0261).
Power handling and vapor shielding of pre-filled lithium divertor targets in Magnum-PSI

To develop realistic liquid lithium divertors for future fusion reactors, this paper aims to improve the understanding of their power handling capabilities. A liquid lithium divertor target prototype, designed to facilitate liquid metal experiments in tokamaks, was tested in Magnum-PSI. The target has an internal reservoir pre-filled with lithium and aims to passively re-supply the textured plasma facing surface during operation. To assess the power handling capability the target was exposed to helium plasmas with increasing power flux density in the linear plasma device Magnum-PSI. The temperature response of lithium targets was recorded via an infrared camera, and compared to finite element method modeling taking into account dissipation via lithium in the plasma. It was found that the target works as intended and can take up to 9 1 MW m−2 for 10 s before the mesh layer was damaged, and could continue operating at higher power densities even after being damaged. The total lifetime of the targets was up to 100 s. Overall the targets are found suitable for use in tokamak experiments. Additionally, a central surface temperature evolution indicative of vapor shielding was observed on intact targets. Predicting the target temperature (and consequently the evaporation rates and thermal stresses) is considered very relevant for the design of lithium divertor targets for DEMO. The observed temperature response could indeed be replicated through modeling, which showed that a significant power fraction was dissipated by the lithium in the plasma.
Microbial Biotechnology: Fundamentals of Applied Microbiology

Part 1 Microbial diversity and its applications: microbial biotechnology - an overview microbial diversity. Part 2 Microbes - living factories for macromolecules: production of proteins in bacteria production of proteins in yeast synthetic vaccines microbial insecticides microbial enzymes microbial polysaccharides and polyesters. Part 3 Plant-microbe interactions. Part 4 Biomass conversion: biomass ethanol. Part 5 Metabolites from micro-organisms: amino acids antibiotics. Part 6 Applications of micro-organisms to organic synthesis and degradation: micro-organisms in organic synthesis environmental applications.
World Atlas of Seagrasses

Seagrasses, a group of about sixty species of underwater marine flowering plants, grow in the shallow marine and estuary environments of all the world's continents except Antarctica. The primary food of animals such as manatees, dugongs, green sea turtles, and critical habitat for thousands of other animal and plant species, seagrasses are also considered one of the most important shallow-marine ecosystems for humans since they play an important role in fishery production. Though they are highly valuable ecologically and economically, many seagrass habitats around the world have been completely destroyed or are now in rapid decline. The World Atlas of Seagrasses is the first authoritative and comprehensive global synthesis of the distribution and status of this critical marine habitat--which, along with mangroves and coral reefs, has been singled out for particular attention by the United Nations Convention on Biodiversity. Illustrated throughout with color maps, photographs, tables, and more, and written by a large team of international collaborators, this unique volume covers seagrass ecology, scientific studies to date, current status, changing distributions, threatened areas, and conservation and management efforts for twenty-four regions of the world. As human populations expand and continue to live disproportionately in coastal areas, bringing new threats to seagrass habitat, a comprehensive overview of coastal resources and critical habitats is more important than ever. The World Atlas of Seagrasses will stimulate new research, conservation, and management efforts, and will help better focus priorities at the international level for these vitally important coastal ecosystems.
Evaluating metrics derived from Landsat 8 OLI imagery to map crop cover

Title Evaluating metrics derived from Landsat 8 OLI imagery to map crop cover Author(s) Sonobe, Rei; Yamaya, Yuki; Tani, Hiroshi; Wang, Xiufeng; Kobayashi, Nobuyuki; Mochizuki, Kan-ichiro Citation Geocarto International, 34(8), 839-855 https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2018. 1425739 Issue Date 2019-07-03 Doc URL http://hdl.handle. net/2115/78799 Rights This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Geocarto International on 3 Jul. 2019, available online: http://www.tandfonline. com/doi/abs/10.1080/10106049.2018. 1425739. Type article (author version) File Information Manuscript_TGEI-2017-0343.pdf
Modélisation mathématique et analyse numérique des modèles de type Bloch pour les boîtes quantiques

Les boites quantiques sont les nanostructures confinees suivant les trois directions de l'espace. Depuis quelques decennies, de nombreuses etudes sont consacrees a des boites pour leurs proprietes electroniques et optiques interessantes.Dans cette these, nous modelisons le comportement electronique de boites quantiques par un modele de type Bloch derive dans le formalisme de Heisenberg. La fermeture des equations du modele aboutit a un modele non-lineaire issu des interactions coulombiennes et des interactions entre les electrons et les phonons. Nous etudions les proprietes qualitatives de la solution des modeles de Bloch obtenus (trace, hermicite, positivite) ainsi que le probleme de Cauchy associe au couplage semi-couplage avec les equations de Maxwell. Nous derivons egalement formellement des equations de taux a partir des modeles de Bloch non-lineaires. La discretisation des modeles unidimensionnels de Maxwell--Bloch fait appel a une methode de splitting (methode par pas fractionnaires) pour les equations de Bloch preservant les proprietes qualitatives du modele continu. La validation du modele et l'etude de pertinence de certaines simplifications sont effectuees grâce a des cas tests de transparence auto-induite et de transfert de coherence.
Transient responses in a two‐temperature thermoelastic infinite medium having cylindrical cavity due to moving heat source with memory‐dependent derivative

This work deals with the study of transient responses in a two‐temperature generalized thermoelastic infinite medium having a cylindrical cavity due to a time‐dependent moving heat source where the conventional Fourier's law of heat conduction is modified by introducing a new Taylor's series expansion using memory‐dependent derivative (MDD). The resulting non‐dimensional equations are applied to a specific problem. A direct approach is introduced to obtain the analytical expressions of the physical quantities in the Laplace transform domain. The inversion of the Laplace transforms are carried out using the methods based on the Fourier series expansion technique. Numerical results for the dynamical and conductive temperatures, stress, strain, and displacement are presented graphically. The effects of time‐delay and kernel function have been studied on the thermo‐physical quantities.
Greater than the Sum of Its Parts: δ can be Constructed from Item Level Data.

"δ", a latent variable constructed from cognitive performance and functional status measures, can accurately diagnose dementia. The minimal assessment needed is unknown. We have constructed a δ homolog, "dTEXAS", from Telephone Executive Assessment Scale (TEXAS) items, and validated it in a convenience sample of Japanese persons (n = 176). dTEXAS scores correlated strongly with both Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) (r = -0.86, p < 0.001) and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) (r = 0.71, p < 0.001). Constructed independently of their diagnoses, dTEXAS scores accurately distinguished dementia versus controls (area under the receiver operating curve [(AUC; ROC) = 0.92], dementia versus mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (AUC = 0.80) and controls versus MCI (AUC = 0.74). These AUCs are higher than those of multiple observed executive measures, as reported recently by Matsuoka et al., 2014. A dTEXAS score of -0.58 best discriminated between dementia versus controls with 90.1% sensitivity and 80.0% specificity.
The University of Bradford Institutional Repository

—Recently, significant advances in renewable energy generation have made it possible to consider consumers as prosumers. However, with increase in embedded generation, storage of electrical energy in batteries, flywheels and supercapacitors has become important so as to better utilize the existing grid by helping smooth the peaks and troughs of renewable electricity generation, and also of demand. This has led to the possibility of controlling the times when stored energy from these storage units is fed back to the grid. In this paper we look at how energy resource sharing is achieved if these storage units are part of a virtual power plant. In a virtual power plant, these storage units become energy resources that need to be optimally scheduled over time so as to benefit both prosumer and the grid supplier. In this paper, a smart energy resources allocation algorithm is presented for a virtual power plants using genetic algorithms. It is also proposed that the cause of battery depreciation be accounted for in the allocation of discharge rates. The algorithm was tested under various pricing scenarios, depreciation cost, as well as constraint. The results are presented and discussed. Conclusions were drawn, and suggestion for further work was made.
Real-Time Remedial Action Against Aperiodic Small Signal Rotor Angle Instability

This paper presents a method that in real-time determines remedial actions, which restore stable operation with respect to aperiodic small signal rotor angle stability (ASSRAS) when insecure or unstable operation has been detected. An ASSRAS assessment method is used to monitor the stability boundary for each generator in real-time. The ASSRAS boundary represents the condition when a generator reaches the maximum steady state active power injection. The proposed control method exploits analytically derived expressions for the ASSRAS boundary and other characteristic curves in the injection impedance plane to determine an active power redispatch among selected generators to restore stable and secure operation. Since the method is purely based on analytically derived expression, the computation of the remedial actions is fast and well suited for real-time operation. The method was tested on the IEEE 14-bus and the Nordic32 test systems where results show that the method can efficiently determine the required active power redispatch to avoid an imminent instability.
The effect of temperature and photoperiod on the induction of larval diapause in the mosquito Aedes togoi (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae)

Aedes togoi (Theobald) from Vancouver, B.C., may enter diapause in either the egg or larval stage. Larval diapause occurred in the fourth instar, when immatures were maintained at 16 °C or less, at photoperiods shorter than 12 h light/day. The critical photoperiod was calculated as 10.9L:13.1D at 16 °C. Larvae that failed to pupate after 40 days following hatching were recorded as being in diapause. At light periods greater than 12 h at 16 °C, there was no larval diapause and, at 14 °C, 100% of the larvae diapaused at 10L:14D. Temperatures of 18 °C or higher, at 10L:14D, prevented larval diapause.
Some economic impacts of retiring wells in the three mile curtailment zone

Introduction Northeast Colorado’s Republican River Basin includes all of Phillips and Yuma counties and those portions of Kit Carson, Lincoln, Logan, Sedgwick, and Washington counties that overlie the Ogallala Aquifer. Colorado’s semi-arid “high plains” have proven fertile for agricultural production, given adequate irrigation. Yet, groundwater development has been shown to reduce flows in the Republican River and its tributaries. The surface water flows of the Republican River are administered by interstate compact, and as the result of a recent settlement, Colorado will be asked to reduce groundwater pumping to ensure compact compliance. It is estimated that an additional 31,000 irrigated acres will be fallowed to meet compact compliance.
Human Validation of Genes Associated With a Murine Atherosclerotic Phenotype

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial process that develops over decades, underlying the majority of cardiovascular diseases. Because of its slow progression, studying the natural history of atherosclerosis requires serial examinations, thus complicating the design of studies in humans. Most research on biological mechanisms of atherosclerosis has been performed in genetically modified mice, eliminating these challenges faced in human studies. Thus, genetically modified mice elegantly allow the study of atherosclerosis in, arguably, the best-controlled model system possible. The most commonly used atherosclerotic murine models are apolipoprotein E (ApoE) or low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene knockouts. These mice clearly display an accelerated atherosclerotic phenotype with human-like vascular lesions. Experimental modifications of
Understanding Society Innovation Panel Wave 11: Results from Methodological Experiments

This paper presents some preliminary findings from Wave 11 of the Innovation Panel (IP11) of Understanding Society: The UK Household Longitudinal Study. Understanding Society is a major panel survey in the UK. In May 2018, the eleventh wave of the Innovation Panel went into the field. IP11 used a mixed-mode design, using on-line interviews and face-to-face interviews. This paper describes the design of IP11, the experiments carried and the preliminary findings from early analysis of the data. Â
Mit Kollaboration zu individuellen Kompetenzzielen – Der Maker Space als neuer Lernort

Learning is subject to continuous change. Current scientific discussions show that learning concepts are increasingly shaped by individual competence goals. Various approaches to learning theory, which deal with the formal and informal aspects of learning up to the demarcation of aspects of formality and informality, are moving into focus. Against the background of the theoretical-conceptual discussion of the different forms of learning, the question of changing settings, structure and role of learning places accordingly, is being discussed and “Maker Spaces” as learning places are suggested. Taking the ViNN: Lab, the Maker Space at the Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, as an example, the attributes of formality / informality are