Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A jet model for the gamma-ray emitting blazar 3C 279

The physical conditions in the gamma-ray-emitting blazar 3C 279 are discussed. The requirement of transparency for gamma-rays, together with the observation of rapid variability, imply that the high-energy radiation is anisotropic. It is proposed that the gamma-rays are produced in a relativistic jet via the synchrotron self-Compton mechanism. The gamma-ray spectrum is the high-energy extension of the inverse Compton radiation responsible for the X-ray emission. It is softer than the X-ray spectrum, owing to upper cutoffs in the electron energy spectra along the jet. The same electrons are responsible for the low-frequency emission via synchrotron radiation. The expected correlation of variability at different frequencies is discussed. 38 refs.
The 10 kW Autonomous Energy-efficient Power Supply System

The principles of building and features of schematic realization of the autonomous power supply systems for private houses located in countryside, in suburban, cottage and country house settlements were considered in the paper. The autonomous system can provide the power supply of household appliances and heating systems, as well as radio electronic and telecommunications equipment with total power consumption up to 10 kW. For converting the electrical energy of renewable sources (solar modules and accumulator battery) used the multi-cycle DC-DC converters with soft-switching mode of transistor switches, based on structures with switched capacitors. It is shown that the described autonomous systems by using the modern element base and using the energy-efficient modes of operation have a higher efficiency. In addition, they are characterized by a low level of the pulse noises. A comparative analysis of the dimensional and energy characteristics for several structures of a DC-to-DC converter as part of an electrical supply system is performed. It was shown that their improvement is achieved by increasing the conversion coefficient of the first cascade. At its value of 4, the gain compared to the single-cascade circuit is 1.4 times in volume and 9% in efficiency.
Control of systems with actuator saturation non-linearities: An LMI approach

In this paper, we develop a static, full-state feedback and a dynamic, output feedback control design framework for continuous-time, multivariable, linear, time-invariant systems subject to time-invariant, sector-bounded, input non-linearities. The proposed framework directly accounts for robust stability and robust performance over the class of input non-linearities. Specifically, the problem of feedback control design in the presence of time-invariant, sector-bounded, input non-linearities is embedded within a Lure-Postnikov Lyapunov function framework by constructing a set of linear-matrix-inequality conditions whose solution guarantees closed-loop asymptotic stability with guaranteed domains of attraction in the face of time-invariant, sector-bounded, actuator non-linearities. A detailed numerical algorithm is provided for solving the linear-matrix-inequality conditions arising in actuator saturation control. Three illustrative numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Electron Emission in Intense Electric Fields

1. Introduction . —The main features of the phenomenon of the extraction of electrons from cold metals by intense electric fields are well known, and an approximate theory of the effect was first developed by Schottky. More recently the experimental data have been much improved, notably by Millikan and Eyring, and Millikan and Lauritsen. The theory has been considered afresh by O. W. Richardson and by Houston working with Sommerfeld. It seems to us, however, that there is still room for improvement in the theoretical exposition and its correlation with the experiments. Neither O. W. Richardson nor Houston really treat the theory in the simple straightforward way which is now possible in the new mechanics, using the revived electron theory of metals which we owe to Sommerfeld. Again, while Millikan and Lauritsen seem to have established quite definitely the laws of dependence of the emission on the field strength F, they speak of the implications of their result in a way which is hard to justify and might in certain circumstances prove to be definitely misleading. Millikan and Lauritsen show that a plot of log I, where I is the current, against 1/F yields a good straight line whenever the experimental conditions are sufficiently stable. At ordinary temperatures these currents are completely independent of the temperature. The formula for these current is I = C e ─a /F, (1) Which is, of course, indistinguishable from I = CF2 e ─a /F. (2) Millikan and his associates have also shown that as the higher temperatures, at which ordinary thermionic emission begins, are approached, the strong field emission does become sensitive to temperature and finally blends into the thermionic.
Repeatability of Brain Activity as Measured by a 32-Channel EEG System during Resistance Exercise in Healthy Young Adults

Electroencephalography (EEG) is attracting increasing attention in the sports and exercise fields, as it provides insights into brain behavior during specific tasks. However, it remains unclear if the promising wireless EEG caps provide reliable results despite the artifacts associated with head movement. The present study aims to evaluate the repeatability of brain activity as measured by a wireless 32-channel EEG system (EMOTIV flex cap) during resistance exercises in 18 apparently healthy but physically inactive young adults (10 men and 8 women). Moderate-intensity leg press exercises are performed with two evaluations with 48 h. between. This intensity allows enough time for data analysis while reducing unnecessary but involuntary head movements. Repeated measurements of EEG during the resistance exercise show high repeatability in all frequency bands, with excellent ICCs (>0.90) and bias close to zero, regardless of sex. These results suggest that a 32-channel wireless EEG system can be used to collect data on controlled resistance exercise tasks performed at moderate intensities. Future studies should replicate these results with a bigger sample size and different resistance exercises and intensities.
Three-dimensional hydrodynamic Bondi-Hoyle accretion. 1: Code validation and stationary accretors

We investigate the hydrodynamics of three-dimensional classical Bondi-Hoyle accretion. Totally absorbing stationary spheres of varying sizes (from 10.0 down to 0.02 Bondi radii) accrete matter from a homogeneous and slightly perturbed medium, which is taken to be an ideal gas (gamma = 5/3 or 1.2). To accommodate the long-range gravitational forces, the extent of the computational volume is typically a factor of 100 larger than the radius of the accretor. We compare the numerical mass accretion rates with the theoretical predictions of Bondi, to assess the validity of the code. The hydrodynamics is modeled by the piecewise parabolic method. No energy sources (nuclear burning) or sinks (radiation, conduction) are included. The resolution in the vicinity of the accretor is increased by multiply nesting several (6-8) grids around the stationary sphere, each finer grid being a factor of 2 smaller spatially than the next coarser grid. This allows us to include a coarse model for the surface of the accretor (vacuum sphere) on the finest grid while at the same time evolving the gas on the coarser grids. The accretion rates derived numerically are in in very good agreement (to about 10% over several orders of magnitude) with the values given by Bondi for a stationary accretor within a hydrodynamic medium. However, the equations have to be changed in order to include the finite size of the accretor (in some cases very large compared to the sonic point or even to the Bondi radius).
Retrieve reusable 3D CAD objects based on hidden Markov models (HMM)

Computer-aided design has been widely used in modern industry for several decades, resulting in the huge databases of 3D CAD models that specialist companies currently own. Therefore, developing a solution to retrieve a reusable 3D CAD model becomes a strategic need for companies specializing in the modern design and manufacturing industry. Recently, some research works have been launched with the aim of recognizing 3D CAD objects based on design similarity and reusability. In this context, the use of probabilistic graphical models for information retrieval was always of great importance, especially when the context is characterized by the large volume of data and the uncertainty of the result. In this paper, authors will present a new approach proposed for modeling 3D CAD objects into reusable subparts. This approach is based on the Hidden Markov Model (HMM). This model has shown improved accuracy and efficiency in recognizing reusable 3D CAD objects, compared to other previously proposed solutions.
Effects of digital geometry and phantom size on cone-beam CT point spread function measurement

The three-dimensional point spread function (3D PSF) of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) can be measured through the use of point phantom or edge phantom. In cone-beam tomography theory, an input of delta impulse function will produce an output of a delta function (except a scale factor) under the assumption of continuous geometry, thus manifesting spatial shift invariance over the scan field of view (SFOV). For a practical CBCT system, its 3D PSF is of spatial variant distribution over the SFOV, due to the digital geometry in discrete projection detection and gridded volume reconstruction. In principle, the 3D PSF of a CBCT system can be measured either by a micro point-like phantom (<1mm) by approaching a delta impulse function, or by a macro edge phantom (>1mm) by analyzing the edge blurring mechanism. We found that there exists ambiguity and controversy among the 3D PSF measurement and characterization, varying with the size of the phantom. In this work, we will investigate the effects of digital geometry and phantom size on the 3D PSF measurement. In the results, we will propose an experimental protocol for eliminating the uncertainty associated with the 3D PSF characterization of a CBCT system.
Snapshot spectral imaging with depth estimation based on mapped light field and coded light field

In recent years, the snapshot multi-dimensional imaging technology is emerging and becomes an increasing research focus. Especially, the spatial, spectral and depth information of scenes is particularly useful in target detection, recognition, tracking, scene classification et al. This paper proposes a snapshot compressed light field imaging spectrometer based on compressed sensing with light field concept and a snapshot depth-spectral imaging architecture based on image mapping and light field to realize the capture of depth-spectral information simultaneously. Through simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed snapshot depth–spectral imaging systems are effective to measure the depth-spectral information of scenes in a single snapshot time.
Bimatrix Equilibrium Points and Mathematical Programming

Some simple constructive proofs are given of solutions to the matric system Mz - \omega - q; z \geqq 0; \omega \geqq 0; and z T \omega - 0, for various kinds of data M, q, which embrace the quadratic programming problem and the problem of finding equilibrium points of bimatrix games. The general scheme is, assuming non-degeneracy, to generate an adjacent extreme point path leading to a solution. The scheme does not require that some functional be reduced.
Higuchi Fractal Dimension Analysis of EEG Signal before and after OM Chanting to Observe Overall Effect on Brain

The OM chanting is one type of the meditation. In the present paper, the author tried to observe its effect on the brain. To obtain insight of the brain, the author recorded EEG signal before and after OM chanting for 10 subjects. Author used a technique of the complexity measure based on fractal analysis to compare the EEG signal before and after OM chanting. Time domain fractal dimension was calculated using Higuchi algorithm. (HFD). Paper present the results based on average HFD all over the electrodes for each subject before and after OM chanting. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/ijece.v4i4. 5800
Metabarcoding reveals seasonal and spatial patterns of arthropod community assemblages in two contrasting habitats: Desert and oasis of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico

Desert springs or oases are the only permanent mesic environments in highly water‐limited arid regions. Oases have immense cultural, evolutionary and ecological importance for people and a high number of endemic and relic species. Nevertheless, they are also highly vulnerable ecosystems, with invasive species, overexploitation and climate change being the primary threats. We used the arthropod communities' spatiotemporal diversity and distribution patterns as a proxy to understand biodiversity dynamics in two geographically close but ecologically contrasting and highly threatened ecosystems: deserts and oases.
Advances in the Design of Phenylboronic Acid-Based Glucose-Sensitive Hydrogels

Diabetes, characterized by an uncontrolled blood glucose level, is the main cause of blindness, heart attack, stroke, and lower limb amputation. Glucose-sensitive hydrogels able to release hypoglycemic drugs (such as insulin) as a response to the increase of the glucose level are of interest for researchers, considering the large number of diabetes patients in the world (537 million in 2021, reported by the International Diabetes Federation). Considering the current growth, it is estimated that, up to 2045, the number of people with diabetes will increase to 783 million. The present work reviews the recent developments on the hydrogels based on phenylboronic acid and its derivatives, with sensitivity to glucose, which can be suitable candidates for the design of insulin delivery systems. After a brief presentation of the dynamic covalent bonds, the design of glucose-responsive hydrogels, the mechanism by which the hypoglycemic drug release is achieved, and their self-healing capacity are presented and discussed. Finally, the conclusions and the main aspects that should be addressed in future research are shown.
CHINESE POPULATION STEREOTYPES FOR CONTROLS TO ADJUST CURSORS AND LINEAR SCALES

Two studies of control-display stereotypes for mainland and Hong Kong Chinese are presented. For rotary controls, strong stereotypes (e.g. 0.74, p 0.05), no single principle dominated but there was a clockwise-for-anything tendency. For push-pull and lever controls the Chinese expected some display movements in the opposite sense to those expected by westerners and showed some up/down expectations not found for western subjects. There was a good linear relationship (r = -0.87, p < 0.0005) between response time and strength of stereotype.
Computer-Aided Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis With Behavior Signal Processing

Behavioral observation plays an essential role in the diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) by analyzing children's atypical patterns in social activities (e.g., impaired social interaction, restricted interests, and repetitive behavior). To date, this process still heavily relies on the questionnaire survey, clinical observation, or retrospective video analysis, leading to high demand for professionals with massive labor costs. This article proposes a standardized platform for stimulating, gathering, analyzing, modeling, and interpreting human behavioral data in the application of computer-aided ASD diagnosis. By a structured assessment process, the proposed system can automatically evaluate children's multiple social interaction skills using the captured audio-visual data and provide the final diagnostic suggestions. We collect a multimodal behavioral database of 95 participants (71 children with ASD and 24 age-matched typical controls) in a real clinic environment, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, China. On the clinical database, our proposed computer-aided ASD diagnosis system obtains an accuracy of 88.42% for identifying ASD children with an average age of 24 months, representing a performance comparable to top-level human experts. As a unified and replicable solution, it has good potential to be promoted to less developed areas with limited high-quality medical resources.
Antibacterial and Healing Effect of Chicha Gum Hydrogel (Sterculia striata) with Nerolidol

Chicha gum is a natural polymer obtained from the Sterculia striata plant. The hydroxyl groups of its structure have a chemical affinity to form hydrogels, which favors the association with biologically active molecules, such as nerolidol. This association improves the biological properties and allows the material to be used in drug delivery systems. Chicha gum hydrogels associated with nerolidol were produced at two concentrations: 0.01 and 0.02 g mL−1. Then, the hydrogels were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and rheological analysis. The antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The cytotoxicity was evaluated against Artemia salina. Finally, an in vivo healing assay was carried out. The infrared characterization indicated that interactions were formed during the gel reticulation. This implies the presence of nerolidol in the regions at 3100–3550 cm−1. The rheological properties changed with an increasing concentration of nerolidol, which resulted in less viscous materials. An antibacterial 83.6% growth inhibition effect was observed using the hydrogel with 0.02 g mL−1 nerolidol. The in vivo healing assay showed the practical activity of the hydrogels in the wound treatment, as the materials promoted efficient re-epithelialization. Therefore, it was concluded that the chicha hydrogels have the potential to be used as wound-healing products.
Investigation of the Partial Shading Effect of Photovoltaic Panels and Optimization of Their Performance Based on High-Efficiency FLC Algorithm

The present work proposes an enhanced method of investigation and optimization photovoltaic (PV) modules by approaching and using MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) technique to improve their output power. The performance of the PV panels is strongly influenced by the operating conditions, especially regarding the solar irradiance, temperature, configuration, and the shading (due to a passing cloud or neighboring buildings); all these cause, both on energy conversion loss, and further on non-linearity of the I-V characteristics. From this reason, the present study could have a high relevance based on the improvement of the performances (including the efficiency) of the shaded photovoltaic panels and would quantify the impact of a complex approach represented by numerical modeling and experimental validation. For a better understanding of these issues determined by partial shading, and improvement of MPP tracking, it is required to study the behavior of individual panels. For the best accuracy of the implemented models a comparative analysis and optimized method of the PV modules was considered based on: (1) the influence of temperature and solar irradiance and behavior of the PV modules in partial shading conditions; (2) a comparison between the optimized output power of four algorithms (FLC—Fuzzy Logic Controller, P&O—Perturb and Observe, IncCond—Incremental Conductance and RC Ripple Correlation) and the selection of the best one (FLC); (3) discussion of customized/improved fuzzy logic controller (FLC) algorithm on five operation points introduced in order to increase PV module efficiency under fluctuating weather conditions and rapidly changing uncertainties. Furthermore, the FLC provides a set of rules useful for predicting the current-voltage behavior and the maximum power points of shaded photovoltaic modules. This FLC algorithm was implemented in a specialized software, namely MATLAB/Simulink. The authors highlighted the development and implementation of a numerical simulation model for an advanced PV module to determine its behavior under different operating conditions and improve its performance. The essence of the authors’ research and the motivation of this work is described. The authors were able to stabilize and improve the output performance of the PV module. The results concerning the shading effect as well as the shading patterns were developed, demonstrated, and experimentally validated. These results could be applied for the actual photovoltaic installations, respectively complex stand-alone or grid-connected photovoltaic systems.
Pathwise Identification Of The Memory Function Of Multifractional Brownian Motion With Application To Finance

We extend and adapt a class of estimators of the parameter H of the fractional Brownian motion in order to estimate the (time-dependent) memory function of a multifractional process. We provide: (a) the estimator's distribution when H ∈ (0,3/4); (b) the confidence interval under the null hypothesis H = 1/2; (c) a scaling law, independent on the value of H, discriminating between fractional and multifractional processes. Furthermore, assuming as a model for the price process the multifractional Brownian motion, empirical evidence is offered which is able to conciliate the inconsistent results achieved in estimating the intensity of dependence in financial time series.
Mitophagy Effects of Protodioscin on Human Osteosarcoma Cells by Inhibition of p38MAPK Targeting NIX/LC3 Axis

Protodioscin (PD) is a steroidal saponin with various pharmacological activities, including neuro-protective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities. However, the effect of PD on human osteosarcoma (OS) cells is unclear. In this study, we found that PD significantly inhibits the growth of human HOS and 143B OS cells through the upregulation of apoptotic-related proteins (cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved PARP) and mitophagy-related proteins (LC3B and NIX), which contribute to the induction of apoptosis, and MMP (mitochondrial membrane potential) dysfunction and mitophagy. The inhibition of LC3 or NIX was shown to decrease apoptosis and mitophagy in PD-treated OS cells. The knockdown of p38MAPK by siRNA decreased mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, mitophagy, and the NIX/LC3B expression in the PD-treated OS cells. A binding affinity analysis revealed that the smaller the KD value (−7.6 Kcal/mol and −8.9 Kcal/mol, respectively), the greater the binding affinity in the PD-NIX and PD-LC3 complexes. These findings show the inhibitory effects of PD-induced mitophagy in human OS cells and may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for human OS, by targeting the NIX/LC3 pathways.
A fast algorithm for wide baseline match basing on feature points filtration

A fast algorithm for wide baseline image match is proposed. The algorithm mainly follows the framework of SIFT (scale invariant feature transform) and bases on analytic signal theory. The proposed method firstly evaluates the characteristics of feature points detected by SIFT basing on criterions educed from Laguerre-Gauss function, and then groups all the feature points into two sets according to their robustness and the criterions. It preserves robust feature points to construct local descriptor and ignores the unstable ones in the later computation. Experiments demonstrate, compared with Lowe's SIFT, that the proposed method not only decreases computing tasks, reduces consumed time, but also improves correct match ratio. It is especially suitable for implementation in real-time system.