Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mid‐ and low‐latitude model of thermospheric emissions: 1. O+ (²P) 7320 Å and N2 (2P) 3371 Å

The capability has been developed to model thermospheric airglow emissions on a semiglobal scale (L < 5). This model produces volume emission rates as a function of altitude, latitude, longitude, and local time for any selected date, and solar and magnetic conditions. The model can thus be used to provide three-dimensional maps of the selected emission for comparison with data obtained from orbiting vehicles. As such it becomes an essential tool in the planning and interpretation of airglow observations. A unique feature of the model is that it incorporates full interhemispheric coupling by solving all the appropriate coupled equations along the magnetic flux tubes from the mesosphere in one hemisphere to the mesosphere in the other hemisphere. As a result the effects of conjugate photoelectrons (and heat fluxes) can be fully explored. In this paper we select two thermospheric emissions with which to demonstrate the capability. The first is the 7320-A emission from the metastable O+ (²P). The second is the permitted emission at 3371 A from the N2 second postive 0–0 band. These two emissions, for which the photochemistry is relatively well understood, are used to show the seasonal, diurnal and solar cyclic variations on a scale that covers mid- and low-latitudes, and the effects of interhemispheric coupling (conjugate photoelectrons).
Maternal and Fetal Factors Affecting Cell-Free Fetal DNA (cffDNA) Fraction: A Systematic Review

Background: Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) is a novel screening method for fetal aneuploidy that facilitated non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) through analysis of cffDNA in maternal plasma. However, despite increased sensitivity, it has a number of limitations that may complicate of its results interpretation. Therefore, elucidating factors affecting fetal fraction, as a critical limitation, guides its clinical application. Methods: In this report, systematic search was carried out through PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases until February 11, 2022 by using keywords consist of “noninvasive prenatal screening”, “NIPT”, “noninvasive prenatal”, “cell free DNA” and “fetal fraction”. The articles were screened for eligibility criteria before data extraction. Results: A total of 39 eligible studies, most published between 2010 and 2020, were included. Based on the results of studies, a negative correlation between maternal age and BMI/body weight with fetal fraction was found. Furthermore, LDL, cholesterol, triglyceride level, metformin, heparin and enoxaparin therapy, hemoglobin-related hemoglobinopathies, and physical activity showed to have negative associations. Interestingly, it seems the ethnicity of patients from South and East Asia has a correlation with fetal fraction compared to Caucasians. Positive correlation was observed between gestational age, free β-hCG, PAPP-A, living in high altitude, and twin pregnancy. Conclusion: Considering each factor, there was significant inconsistency and controversy regarding their impact on outcomes. Indeed, multiple factors can influence the accuracy of NIPS results, and it is worth noting that the impact of these factors may vary depending on the individual’s ethnic background. Therefore, it is important to recognize that NIPS remains a screening test, and comprehensive pre- and post-NIPS counseling should be conducted as part of standard clinical practice.
Margin Trader: A Reinforcement Learning Framework for Portfolio Management with Margin and Constraints

In the field of portfolio management using reinforcement learning, existing approaches have mainly focused on cash-only trading, overlooking the potential benefits and risks of margin trading. Incorporating margin accounts and their constraints, especially in short sale scenarios, is crucial yet often neglected. To address this gap, we make the first attempt to propose Margin Trader, an innovative and adaptive reinforcement learning framework designed for margin trading in the stock market. Margin Trader integrates margin accounts and constraints into a realistic trading environment for both long and short positions. The framework aims to balance profit maximization and risk management through the Margin Adjustment Module and the Maintenance Detection Module. Margin Trader supports various Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms and offers traders the flexibility to customize critical settings, such as equity allocation, margin ratios, and maintenance requirements, to suit diverse market conditions, individual preferences, and risk tolerance. Experimental results demonstrate that Margin Trader effectively learns profitable trading strategies and hedges risks in both bullish and bearish markets, outperforming other baseline models with the highest Sharpe ratio.
Efficient Incremental Potential Contact for Actuated Face Simulation

We present a quasi-static finite element simulator for human face animation. We model the face as an actuated soft body, which can be efficiently simulated using Projective Dynamics (PD). We adopt Incremental Potential Contact (IPC) to handle self-intersection. However, directly integrating IPC into the simulation would impede the high efficiency of the PD solver, since the stiffness matrix in the global step is no longer constant and cannot be pre-factorized. We notice that the actual number of vertices affected by the collision is only a small fraction of the whole model, and by utilizing this fact we effectively decrease the scale of the linear system to be solved. With the proposed optimization method for collision, we achieve high visual fidelity at a relatively low performance overhead.
Prediction of polishing roughness of aluminum alloy hard anodized film based on BP and GA-BP neural network

In order to obtain better-polished surface quality of hard anodic oxide film, two deep learning models of the BP neural network and GA-BP neural network were used to establish a roughness prediction model for aluminum alloy hard anodic oxide film polishing. The experimental data was divided into two groups, one group of data was used for model training, and the other group of data was used for model testing. The results showed that the mean square error between the polishing roughness predicted by the BP neural network model and the experimental results was 1.33E-2, the maximum relative error was 18.84 %, the minimum relative error was 0.77 %, and the average relative error was 10.46 %. The error is relatively large, and the degree of variation of the error is relatively large; the mean square error of the polishing roughness predicted by the GA-BP neural network model and the test results is 0.58E-2, the maximum relative error is 14.28 %, the minimum relative error is 0.51%, the average relative error is 6.61 %, the error is smaller, and the degree of error change is smaller; the prediction accuracy of the GA-BP model is the highest, and the generalization ability strongest.
NATURAL POTENTIAL ANOMALIES AS A QUANTITATIVE INDEX OF THE RATE OF SEEPAGE FROM WATER RESERVOIRS

Water seepage from reservoirs causes appreciable anomalies of natural electric fields. The possibility of mapping leakage places by means of the SP method has been discussed by the authors in an earlier report. Further work has shown that detailed measurements of the natural electric field allow to determine the seepage rates from individual areas of a water reservoir in relative units. If data on the total discharge from a water reservoir are available, the conventional seepage units can be converted into absolute ones. Using this technique on a water reservoir in Armenia has permitted to control the change of the leakage rate as hydroinsulation operations were in progress. It has been established that as a result of shielding the bottom with clay material leakage from the central part of the reservoir has stopped. On the other hand, construction of cement seepage-proof protection has had so far no appreciable positive effect.
Study the influence of experimental conditions on the removal of organic compound in the Fenton process

The oxidation of cyclohexylamine (CHA) was carried out in a batch reactor, using Fenton’s reagent. The effects of the following parameters were investigated: residence time, pH level, ferrous ion concentration, and hydrogen peroxide concentration. Residence time ranged from 30 min to 2 h, and its effect was found to be significantly positive. A pH of 3 for the medium was observed to be optimum. Ferrous ion and hydrogen peroxide concentrations ranged from 0.1 g/l to 0.265 g/l and from 0.5 g/l to 1.3 g/l, respectively. The influence of hydrogen peroxide was significant at 0.16 g/l of ferrous ions and a pH of 3. CHA removal efficiency was measured by calculating chemical oxygen demand (COD). The maximum COD removal efficiency was 62%, and the minimum yield of ammonia was 14%. The yields of nitrite and nitrate were negligible. Overall, the results proved the effectiveness of the Fenton process for the treatment of CHA.
A study of the mechanism of firms' vertical integration on risk under uncertainty shocks

: The aim of this investigation is to analyze the impact of firms' vertical integration on risk under uncertainty shocks. After conducting a thorough literature review and theoretical analysis, we conclude that vertical integration has both positive and negative effects on firm risk. Positive mechanisms consist of reducing transaction costs, boosting financing capacity, increasing barriers to entry and monopolies, and decreasing taxes. Negative mechanisms encompass reduced resilience, increased management costs, weakened employee incentives, and lowered industrial chain resilience. The question of whether an enterprise should be vertically integrated remains unresolved. Thus, each enterprise must base its decision of whether to vertically integrate on its unique situation. Enterprises must evaluate their operational, coordination, mechanism maintenance, and technology research and development capabilities to determine if they possess the necessary conditions and advantages to execute a vertical integration strategy.
Hair Tubes: Stylized Hair from Polygonal Meshes of Arbitrary Topology

In this paper, we describe a fast, topology-independent method to generate bundles of hair from a mesh defining the outward shape of the hair. This allows artists to focus on the outward appearance and create stylized painterly hairstyles. We describe a novel approach to parameterize a hair mesh using ideas from discrete differential geometry and offer simple controls to distribute hair within the volume of the mesh. We present real-world production examples of various hairstyles created using our proposed method.
The Impact of Music on Verbal Memory: Evidence from Jordanian University Students

Purpose. Following the hypothesis of shared cognitive mechanisms between language and music, the present study investigates the interconnection between musical orientation and language processing operations in Broca’s area, namely verbal retrieval. The researchers replicated Taylor & Dewhurst’s (2017) study by applying a perceptual task of four types of words in Arabic to Jordanian university students spanning a wide range of musical orientations. Methods. The participants are musicians with different levels of musical training and non-musicians who vary in their musical interests. A T-test was applied to the results of musicians and non-musicians. Furthermore, a Kruskal-Wallis test was carried out to reveal significant differences within groups. Moreover, paired comparisons were conducted to find out significant differences between the four word types regardless of the participants’ musical background. Results. First, verbal memory was enhanced by musical training where musicians, despite their level of musical training, scored significantly better than non-musicians in the verbal recall test. Second, the level of musical training contributes to improving the ability to recall different types of words where advanced musicians scored higher than intermediates and beginners. Third, non-musicians who spend more time than others listening to music daily scored better in the given perceptual task than those who spend less time listening to music or do not listen to music at all. Finally, visual words appeared to be the easiest to recall since they are high in imagery. In contrast, abstract words are the hardest to recall given that they only have non-sensory features, unlike concrete words, such as visual, auditory and tactile words. Conclusions. This study supports the hypothesis of music impact on the retrieval process of words. Higher exposure to musical training or music in general leads to better word retrieval. However, word type can be a factor that might affect the retrieval process since certain word types are easier to recall than others.
Algunos impactos del programa JUNTOS en el bienestar de los niños: Evidencia basada en el estudio Niños del Milenio [Impacts of the Conditional Cash Transfer programme JUNTOS for children in Peru]

This policy brief uses data from the Young Lives survey in Peru to assess the impact of the conditional cash transfer programme JUNTOS on a group of children who were covered by the programme. These beneficiary children were compared with children who were not covered by JUNTOS, using indicators of their well-being: health, nutrition, educational achievement, time use, among others. The results show that the JUNTOS cash transfers needed to be accompanied by an improvement in access and quality of the health and education services accessed by these children. It is important to acknowledge that while there are positive programme results, policymakers need to watch for possible unintended impacts on the household or for some household members. It is hoped, that these findings will contribute to debates about the relevance of these programme in Peru.
Compact Millimeter-Wave Antenna Array with Low Sidelobe Level for Vital Sign Monitoring Application

In this paper, an antenna array fed in series by a novel substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) power divider is proposed for the millimeter-wave band vital sign monitoring application. The proposed antenna is printed on a single-layer substrate, with the advantages of low profile, low cost, and ease of fabrication. By branching microstrip lines alternatively at both edges of the SIW, an in-phase power divider is first constructed. Then, by appropriately adjusting the depth of microstrip branches into the SIW, the amplitude of the output power can be tuned to obtain the desired amplitude distribution. Patches are connected to the microstrip branches, respectively, and thus, a radiation pattern with a low sidelobe level is realized. More importantly, series patches can be cascaded to enhance the array gain without the additional feeding network. This leads to a compact configuration. Based on the proposed idea, a prototype is designed, implemented, and tested. The results indicate that the proposed array achieves a maximum gain of 17.8 dBi with a low sidelobe level of -25.5 dB. The attractive performance shows that the array is suitable for the millimeter-wave vital sign monitoring application.
Tectonic and Thermal Evolution of Venus and the Role of Volatiles : Implications for Understanding the Terrestrial Planets

Venus is similar to Earth in size and bulk composition. The dramatic differences between the two planets indicate that planetary size alone does not control geologic evolution. Earth's geology is dominated by plate tectonics, or active lid convection. The crater retention age of Venus demonstrates that the planet has been very geologically active in the last b.y. , but there is no evidence of active plate tectonics. Instead the surface is dominated by diverse volcanism and tectonism, and highlands interpreted as mantle upwellings and downwellings. Venus' surface is much hotter and drier than Earth's, suggesting that the interior may be drier as well. The volatile content has a major effect on both the rheology of the interior and predicted melt products. The low water content of the interior may create a stronger lithosphere and preclude asthenosphere formation, leading to the development of a stagnant rather than an active lid convective regime. A stable, stagnant lid fosters development of phase changes and other density anomalies that can lead to delamination and associated opportunities for melting. Additionally, the thicker boundary layer formed in a stagnant lid regime may increase the number of expected plumes. Mars also is in a stagnant lid regime, probably due to early heat loss rather than volatile loss. Here we discuss what is known about interior volatile content and explore the implications of a dry interior for volcanism, tectonism, and interior convection as a working hypothesis to explain the profound differences in the evolution of Venus, Earth, and Mars.
Emergency Situations and the Elderly: A Discussion Paper

Introduction: This discussion paper aims to explore the unique challenges and considerations regarding emergency situations involving elderly individuals. As the global population continues to age, understanding how to effectively respond to emergencies involving older adults becomes increasingly important. This paper discusses various factors that contribute to the vulnerability of the elderly during emergencies, such as physical limitations, cognitive impairments, social isolation, and existing health conditions. It also addresses strategies for emergency preparedness, response, and recovery that can help mitigate risks and enhance the well-being of older adults during crises. Method: This paper is based on literature research. Databases include ScienceDirect, PubMed, and the EBSCO Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Key Issues: The following are the primary implications and key findings related to emergencies involving the elderly: vulnerabilities of the elderly, individualized emergency preparedness, community outreach and education, caregiver and family involvement, specialized healthcare and medical services, psychological support, and long-term recovery and resilience. Conclusion: Recognizing the vulnerabilities of the elderly during emergencies and taking appropriate measures is vital for ensuring their safety. It is important to promote customized preparedness strategies tailored to each individual, raise awareness and educate communities about this issue, involve caregivers and families in the process, offer specialized healthcare and psychological support, and prioritize long-term recovery and resilience efforts.
Exploratory analysis of spatial and temporal movement patterns of black capuchin monkeys in Brazil Atlantic Forest

Primatologists often meet the challenge of how to interpret the complex high resolution GPS-collected movement points, which include space, time and attribute aspects. Using the tracking data of a group of black capuchins (Sapajos nigritus) in Atlantic Forest, we firstly quantified the movement to environment variables and path properties at different temporal scales. Then we developed innovative visualization techniques such as space-time aquarium, attribute clock, and time-time plot to represent spatial, temporal and attribute information of the trajectories within a GIS framework. Comparison of the movement patterns is made between April (fruit-abundant month) and May (fruit-scarce month). Finally, we integrated all the functions into one exploratory data analysis toolbox. The general behavior patterns of the group of monkeys under different environmental scenarios are identified. The results have also shown the effectiveness of the proposed visualization techniques in the exploratory analysis of large movement dataset. Index words: Exploratory data analysis, space-time trajectories, black capuchin monkey, geographic information system (GIS), behavior patterns Exploratory analysis of spatial and temporal movement patterns of black capuchin monkeys in Brazil Atlantic Forest
Community Mental Health Nursing in Saudi Arabia: Current and Future Challenges

This study aimed to explore the current and future challenges that facing the application of community mental health nursing in Saudi Arabia. A consensus obtained by the experts. A Delphi method was used in this research. This approach has prepared ground work for educators, researchers and practitioners in future understanding perspectives of expertise about the current and future challenges for community mental health nursing in Saudi Arabia. The data was collected over three rounds, the first round the researcher utilized three open-ended questions questionnaire. Fallowing the content analysis of the open-ended questions (86) were elicited 34 on the current challenges, 26 on the potential future challenges and 26 on the suggested methods on how to start implementing it. 29 items questionnaires were then constructed with the three categories and were utilized during the second and third round of the study. The initial study sample included 9 males and 6 females, Saudi and non-Saudi, clinical or academic workers of those who hold master degree or PHD in psychiatric nursing. During the second and third round only N= 10 and N= 8 of the experts agreed to continue in participating in the study. The results of the study showed that consensus among the experts were reached on 18 elements with agreement level of 70% or more, 5 of them on the current challenges, 3 on the potential future challenges and 10 on the suggested methods on how to start implementing the community mental health nursing. In conclusion, it was apparent that the expert panel believes there are many elements that shape the challenges facing the community mental health nursing and other elements that should be considered when applying the program.
A Global Ocean Model with Double-Diffusive Mixing

Abstract A global ocean model is described in which parameterizations of diapycnal mixing by double-diffusive fingering and layering are added to a stability-dependent background turbulent diffusivity. Model runs with and without double-diffusive mixing are compared for annual-mean and seasonally varying surface forcing. Sensitivity to different double-diffusive mixing parameterizations is considered. In all cases, the locales and extent of salt fingering (as diagnosed from buoyancy ratio Rρ) are grossly comparable to climatology, although fingering in the models tends to be less intense than observed. Double-diffusive mixing leads to relatively minor changes in circulation but exerts significant regional influences on temperature and salinity.
The Effect of Household Water Purification Devices on the Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Water in Iran: A Review

Access to clean water is one of the primary and essential needs of humans in terms of its physical, chemical, and biological properties. Every year, many people die from water-borne diseases. Household water treatment devices play a significant role on supplying water needed by different countries. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of these household water purification devices on the physical, chemical, and microbiological quality of water in different cities of Iran. This review has used different databases in Iran and Iranian studies in other international databases. Studies that did not investigate the characteristics of water were excluded, and the studies passed the quality criteria of this review as well as its data were analyzed. The studies showed that the average concentration of water parameters such as total hardness, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, sulfate, and nitrate in the output water of these devices had decreased. Also, residual chlorine in the outlet water of all samples was lower than the standard value. To use household water purification devices, in addition to considering the benefits of using these devices, we should also pay attention to the reduction of physicochemical and microbiological quality of water.