Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The hypoglycemic effect of freeze‐dried fermented mulberry mixed with soybean on type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract Mulberry has significant hypoglycemic effect and can be used as an auxiliary food for people with type 2 diabetes. However, it is rich in carbohydrate and cannot be consumed directly by diabetic patients. In the study, we fermented the mulberry to reduce the content of glucose and fructose, and added the soybean to reduce the loss of probiotics during fermentation and then determined its hypoglycemic effect. We induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice by streptozotocin and measured its blood glucose, serum biochemistry, hepatic and pancreatic histopathology, and the diversity of the gut microbiota. After 5 weeks of oral DFMS administration, the glucose tolerance was improved significantly in T2DM mice. Furthermore, there were also significant increases in superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione concentration, and marked reductions in the concentrations of malondialdehyde and free fatty acids. Moreover, DFMS also prevented histopathological changes and the increases in the activities of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase. DFMS treatment also markedly increased the richness of the gut microbial community. The abundance of Bacteroidetes was increased, and those of Proteobacteria, Escherichia‐Shigella, and Lactobacillus were reduced. In summary, DFMS has a clear hypoglycemic effect in mice with T2DM.
Prognostic Characteristics of Operated Breast Cancer Patients with Second Primary Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Study

Background and Purpose The number of breast cancer patients with second primary lung cancer is increasing year by year. The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic characteristics of these multiple primary breast and lung cancer patients. Methods Operated breast cancer patients with subsequent lung cancer who were admitted to our hospital from January, 2010 to August, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to explore the prognostic risk factors of such patients. Meanwhile, the propensity score match (PSM) method was applied to compare the prognosis between lung cancer patients with and without the history of breast cancer. Results A total of 137 cases were included and most of them (94.9%) were asynchronous multiple primary carcinomas. The median interval between the diagnoses of breast cancer and lung cancer was 60 months (2–456 months), median age at the diagnosis of breast cancer was 49.5 (28–81) years old and median age at the diagnosis of lung cancer was 58 (31–84) years old. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that poor differentiation [hazard ratio (HR)=6.372, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.441–16.633, P<0.001] and pTNM stage III/IV (HR=5.830, 95% CI: 2.295–14.813, P<0.001) of lung cancer were independent prognostic risk factors for these patients. Before and after the PSM, the overall survival (OS) of lung cancer patients with breast cancer was significantly worse than that of single primary lung cancer patients (P<0.001, P=0.002). Conclusion Differentiation status and pTNM stage were independent prognostic factors in operated breast cancer patients with second primary lung cancer. Meanwhile, the prognosis of this group of patients was worse than single primary lung cancer patients, which indicated that the medical history of breast cancer was also a prognostic risk factor of female lung cancer patients.
An Update on Screening Strategies for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review

Abstract Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a frequent medical complication during pregnancy. Screening and diagnostic practices for GDM are inconsistent across the world. This narrative review includes data from 87 observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and aims to give an overview of the current evidence on screening strategies and diagnostic criteria for GDM. Screening in early pregnancy remains controversial and studies show conflicting results on the benefit of screening and treatment of GDM in early pregnancy. Implementing the one-step “International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups” (IADPSG) screening strategy at 24–28 weeks often leads to a substantial increase in the prevalence of GDM, without conclusive evidence regarding the benefits on pregnancy outcomes compared to a two-step screening strategy with a glucose challenge test (GCT). In addition, RCTs are needed to investigate the impact of treatment of GDM diagnosed with IADPSG criteria on long-term maternal and childhood outcomes. Selective screening using a risk-factor-based approach could be helpful in simplifying the screening algorithm but carries the risk of missing significant proportions of GDM cases. A two-step screening method with a 50g GCT and subsequently a 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with IADPSG could be an alternative to reduce the need for an OGTT. However, to have an acceptable sensitivity to screen for GDM with the IADPSG criteria, the threshold of the GCT should be lowered from 7.8 to 7.2 mmol/L. A pragmatic approach to screen for GDM can be implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic, using fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c or even random plasma glucose (RPG) to reduce the number of OGTTs needed. However, usual guidelines and care should be resumed as soon as the COVID pandemic is controlled.
A Study on Evaluation of DoS Attacks in WiMAX Networks

Security has become a primary concern in order to provide protected communication between nodes in a potentially hostile environment whereas early research effort assumed a friendly and cooperative environment and focused mainly on problems such as wireless channel access and Multihop routing. Recent wireless research indicates that the WiMAX presents a larger security problem than conventional wired and wireless networks. Denial of Service (DoS) attacks has become a problem for users of computer systems connected to the Internet. Different mechanisms have been proposed to countermeasure the routing attacks against WiMAX. However, these mechanisms are not suitable for WiMAX resource constraints, i.e., limited bandwidth and battery power, because they introduce heavy traffic load to exchange and verifying keys. In this paper, the different schemes for handling the DoS attacks are investigated and studied.
The Benefits of Using the Chemo-Mechanical Caries Removal System and the Mechanism of Action . ( Review Article )

Objective: With the introduction of Carisolv’s newest technologies for caries removal, this Review article updates current information on this conservative chemo-mechanical caries removal method. It is believed that it can reduce the need for anesthesia, maintain tooth structure, minimize the use of rotary instrument, and effectively alleviate anxiety. Materials and Methods: We’ll look at the latest electronic resources: Trials Register of the Cochrane Oral Health Community, Central Register with Clinical Studies, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed. There would be no limitations on the terms used or the release date. We still intend to search article reference lists and contact experts and associations to see if there are any additional studies. Criteria for Selection: The following will be considered for inclusion in this study: random control clinical studies, cohort studies, surveys, or case control studies, as well as ADA regulations and guidelines. use of chemo-mechanical method for caries removal. Studies older than 1980, non-blinded clinical trials, and studies documenting the physical and mechanical properties of Carisolv will be exception because these treatments will be tested in different studies. Data Collection and Analysis: The two authors are expected to conduct their study separately. For every study that satisfies the inclusion and exclusion requirements, two separate authors will determine the likelihood of bias. The review of the literature and conceptual modeling are the key research methods used in this analysis. A first step toward a complete understanding of the Carisolv issue is to identify and classify the causes using a systematic approach. This research would also look at the different forms of Carisolv risks and their features. Dependent on this knowledge, a classification technique to classify these reasons factors for the purpose of identification will be established. In this study, the impact of various types of etiological factors will be extensively analyzed and categorized. Results: The following are the results of the search: Sixty research papers on the topic were found. Only sixteen research papers are approved after exclusion criteria are applied. Conclusion: The success or failure of material selection and proper handling is dependent on dental practitioners’ knowledge and understanding of Carisolv material compositions, classifications, indications and contraindications, and chemo-mechanical method for caries removal.
AUTOMATED MICROANEURYSMS DETECTION IN FUNDUS IMAGES USING IMAGE SEGMENTATION

1,2,3,4UG Scholar, Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engg. , Godavari Institute of Engineering & Technology, Rajahmundry, A.P, India 5Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engg. , Godavari Institute of Engineering & Technology, Rajahmundry, A.P, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Diabetic retinopathy is one amongst the complicateddiseases whichoccurs indiabetic patients when theaffects damage the retina. The eyes vision can cause be lost just incase currentlytreatment. Microaneurysms are the earliest detectable abnormalities ofdiabetic retinopathy, therefore the automated detection of the lesions is crucial anduseful task. This paper proposed aneasy method to detect microaneurysms supported its characteristics in fundusimagesusingsome techniques in image segmentation.
Effects of Red Cabbage and Garlic Extracts on Oxidative Stress Induced by Fumonisin B1

This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of red cabbage and garlic extracts on the oxidative stress induced through treatment with fumonisin B1 in male mice. The study was conducted on sixty male mice that were divided randomly into six groups. Group 1included control mice, mice in group 2 received a daily oral dose (200 µg/kg.b.w) of fumonisin B1 for one month to induced mycotoxicosis, mice in group 3 received 500 mg/kg.b. w red cabbage extract plus fumonisin B1, mice in group 4 received only red cabbage extract, mice in group 5 received 500 mg/kg.b. w garlic extract plus fumonisin B1, and group 6 received garlic extract alone. After finishing the experiments, samples of blood were used for biochemical examination. The results indicated that group 2 mice had significantly increased (p < 0.05) serum levels of malondialdehyde, which is a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, in addition to significantly decreased levels of catalase and the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase , glutathione , and superoxide dismutase , as compared to the normal control group. Oral administration of garlic and red cabbage extracts produced significantly decreased levels of serum malondialdehyde and significantly increased levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione, as compared to group 2. These results indicated that the experimental treatment with fumonisin B-1 caused an elevated oxidative stress in addition to the consumption of the antioxidant enzymes in response to the induced oxidative aggression.
Mutagenesis Mapping of RNA Structures within the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Genome Reveals Functional Elements Localized in the Polymerase (3Dpol)-Encoding Region

Some RNA structures formed by the genomes of RNA viruses are critical for viral replication. Our study shows that of 46 conserved RNA structures located within the regions of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) genome that encode the nonstructural proteins, only 3 are essential for replication of an FMDV subgenomic replicon. ABSTRACT RNA structures can form functional elements that play crucial roles in the replication of positive-sense RNA viruses. While RNA structures in the untranslated regions (UTRs) of several picornaviruses have been functionally characterized, the roles of putative RNA structures predicted for protein coding sequences (or open reading frames [ORFs]) remain largely undefined. Here, we have undertaken a bioinformatic analysis of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) genome to predict 53 conserved RNA structures within the ORF. Forty-six of these structures were located in the regions encoding the nonstructural proteins (nsps). To investigate whether structures located in the regions encoding the nsps are required for FMDV replication, we used a mutagenesis method, CDLR mapping, where sequential coding segments were shuffled to minimize RNA secondary structures while preserving protein coding, native dinucleotide frequencies, and codon usage. To examine the impact of these changes on replicative fitness, mutated sequences were inserted into an FMDV subgenomic replicon. We found that three of the RNA structures, all at the 3′ termini of the FMDV ORF, were critical for replicon replication. In contrast, disruption of the other 43 conserved RNA structures that lie within the regions encoding the nsps had no effect on replicon replication, suggesting that these structures are not required for initiating translation or replication of viral RNA. Conserved RNA structures that are not essential for virus replication could provide ideal targets for the rational attenuation of a wide range of FMDV strains. IMPORTANCE Some RNA structures formed by the genomes of RNA viruses are critical for viral replication. Our study shows that of 46 conserved RNA structures located within the regions of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) genome that encode the nonstructural proteins, only three are essential for replication of an FMDV subgenomic replicon. Replicon replication is dependent on RNA translation and synthesis; thus, our results suggest that the three RNA structures are critical for either initiation of viral RNA translation and/or viral RNA synthesis. Although further studies are required to identify whether the remaining 43 RNA structures have other roles in virus replication, they may provide targets for the rational large-scale attenuation of a wide range of FMDV strains. FMDV causes a highly contagious disease, posing a constant threat to global livestock industries. Such weakened FMDV strains could be investigated as live-attenuated vaccines or could enhance biosecurity of conventional inactivated vaccine production.
Distinct Profiles of Relationships With Mothers, Fathers, and Best Friends and Social‐Behavioral Functioning in Early Adolescence: A Cross‐Cultural Study

Adolescents’ dyadic relationships are likely influenced by the cultural context within which they exist. This study applied a person‐oriented approach to examine how perceived support and negativity were manifested across youths’ relationships with mothers, fathers, and best friends, simultaneously, and how distinct relationship profiles were linked to adaptive and maladaptive functioning (aggression, anxious‐withdrawal, prosociality) within and across cultures. Participants resided in metropolitan areas of South Korea, the United States, and Portugal (10–14 years; N = 1,233). Latent profile analyses identified relationship profiles that were culturally common or specific. Additional findings highlighted commonality in the relations between a high‐quality relationship profile and adaptive functioning, as well as cultural specificity in the buffering and differential effects of distinct relationship profiles on social‐behavioral outcomes.
CNTs@SnO2@C Coaxial Nanocables with Highly Reversible Lithium Storage

This paper reports a new type of nanostructure, carbon nanotubes@SnO2@carbon (CNTs@SnO2@C) coaxial nanocables, by homogeneous deposition of SnO2 and carbon layers in sequence on CNTs templates. The CNTs@SnO2@C coaxial nanocables with carbon layers of different thickness have been prepared and applied as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, which exhibit higher lithium storage capacities and better cycling performance compared to single CNTs and CNTs@SnO2 coaxial nanocables. This novel nanostructure, which integrates both electronic conductivity and buffering matrix design strategies, can be responsible for the improved lithium storage performance.
International tables of glycemic index and glycemic load values 2021: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND Reliable tables of glycemic indexes (GIs) and glycemic loads (GLs) are critical to research examining the relationship between glycemic qualities of carbohydrate in foods, diets, and health. In the 12 years since the last edition of the tables, a large amount of new data has become available. OBJECTIVES To systematically review and tabulate published and unpublished sources of reliable GI values, including an assessment of the reliability of the data. METHODS This edition of the tables lists over 4000 items, a 61% increase in the number of entries compared to the 2008 edition. The data have been separated into 2 lists. The first represents more precise values derived using the methodology recommended by the International Standards Organization (∼2100 items). The second list contains values determined using less robust methods, including using limited numbers of healthy subjects or with a large SEM (∼1900 food items). RESULTS Dairy products, legumes, pasta, and fruits were usually low-GI foods (≤55 on the 100-point glucose scale) and had consistent values around the world. Cereals and cereal products, however, including whole-grain or whole-meal versions, showed wide variation in GI values, presumably arising from variations in manufacturing methods. Breads, breakfast cereals, rice, savory snack products, and regional foods were available in high-, medium-, and low-GI versions. Most varieties of potato were high-GI foods, but specific low-GI varieties have now been identified. CONCLUSIONS The availability of new data on the GIs of foods will facilitate wider research and application of the twin concepts of GI and GL. Although the 2021 edition of the tables improves the quality and quantity of GI data available for research and clinical practice, GI testing of regional foods remains a priority. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO as #171204.
STUDY OF AMYLOID FIBRILLATION OF REGULAR INSULIN: INHIBITION BY AROMATIC COMPOUNDS

Iran ABSTRACT Background: The flexible structure of proteins is one important factor in the formation of ordered aggregates (amyloid fibril). This is a major problem for therapeutic proteins such as insulin. Study on the induction and inhibition of insulin fibrillation process with specific compounds such as aromatic derivatives may provide useful information about means of stabilization of protein structures. Methods: To induce fibrillation, regular insulin was incubated in phosphate buffer (pH=7.4) during 24 hours. Amyloid formation was investigated by using Congo red absorbance and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Then nodular amyloidosis was observed in mice upon amyloid fibril injection, after which the excised nodule was studied by Congo red staining and polarized light microscopy. Then, some aromatic compounds effect was investigated on the fibrillation process. Results: Regular insulin form mature amyloid fibrils at pH=7.4, 37°C after 24 hours. Silibinin had the highest inhibitory effect on that process. Furthermore, Amyloid fibril injection in mice caused nodular amyloidosis. Conclusion: Regular insulin has a high potential to undergo amyloid aggregation. Nodular amyloidosis confirms fibril formation by insulin under in vitro condition. Silibinin could be considered as a potential compound capable to increase protein structure
Ferulates and lignin structural composition in cork

Abstract The structure of lignin and suberin, and ferulic acid (FA) content in cork from Quercus suber L. were studied. Extractive-free cork (Cork), suberin, desuberized cork (Corksap), and milled-cork lignins (MCL) from Cork and Corksap were isolated. Suberin composition was determined by GC-MS/FID, whereas the polymers structure in Cork, Corksap, and MCL was studied by Py-TMAH and 2D-HSQC-NMR. Suberin contained 94.4% of aliphatics and 3.2% of phenolics, with 90% of ω-hydroxyacids and α,ω-diacids. FA represented 2.7% of the suberin monomers, overwhelmingly esterified to the cork matrix. Py-TMAH revealed significant FA amounts in all samples, with about 3% and 6% in cork and cork lignins, respectively. Py-TMAH and 2D-HSQC-NMR demonstrated that cork lignin is a G-lignin (>96% G units), with a structure dominated by β–O–4′ alkyl-aryl ether linkages (80% and 77% of all linkages in MCL and MCLsap, respectively), followed by phenylcoumarans (18% and 20% in MCL and MCLsap, respectively), and smaller amounts of resinols (ca. 2%) and dibenzodioxocins (1%). HSQC also revealed that cork lignin is heavily acylated (ca. 50%) exclusively at the side-chain γ-position. Ferulates possibly have an important function in the chemical assembly of cork cell walls with a cross-linking role between suberin, lignin and carbohydrates.
Synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4@TSC nanocomposite: highly efficient removal of toxic metal ions from aqueous medium

In the present study, trisodium citrate (TSC) modified magnetite (Fe3O4) nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized using various analytical techniques. The transmission electron microscope images show that the Fe3O4@TSC nanoparticles are well dispersed due to the presence of the TSC coating on Fe3O4, and the particles sizes are in the range of 5–10 nm. The SBET and the total pore volume of Fe3O4@TSC are 245.42 m2 g−1 and 0.368 cm3 g−1, respectively. The saturation magnetization values of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@TSC are 78.4 and 55.4 emu g−1, respectively. The Fe3O4@TSC is a magnetic adsorbent and was used for the removal of Cr3+ and Co2+ metal ions from aqueous medium. The adsorption of both metal ions onto Fe3O4@TSC is rapid and efficient. The adsorption process is performed at diverse temperatures and the outcomes are investigated kinetically. The results show that adsorption was exothermic and followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Isotherm modelling reveals that the Langmuir equation described the adsorption of both metal ions. Moreover, the loaded Fe3O4@TSC could be recovered easily from aqueous solution by magnetic separation and regenerated by simply washing with 0.1 M HCl solution. Consequently, Fe3O4@TSC nanocomposite could be utilized as an efficient and recyclable adsorbent for the removal of toxic metal ions from aqueous solution.
Being connected to nature, reindeer, and family: findings from a photovoice study on well-being among older South Sámi people

ABSTRACT In this paper, we examine the perceptions of well-being among older South Sámi people with various experiences from reindeer herding by use of a method called photovoice. Eleven participants, including six men and five women aged 67–84 years, agreed to take photos of situations, things, or persons that made them feel a sense of well-being. When the researcher collected the photos, the participants were invited to tell their stories related to each photo. In the thematic analysis of the photos, three main themes emerged: a) well-being through connection to nature, b) well-being through connection to the reindeer, and c) well-being through connection to the family. In conclusion, we argue that if healthcare professionals are to enhance the well-being of care receivers – in this case older people with South Sami background from reindeer-herding families – they must consider the care receiver’s life story and what constitutes well-being for the individual person.