Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-term cooling in the stratosphere observed by aerological rockets at Ryori, Japan

Thickness-derived temperature changes from 1970 to 1988 were analysed on 3-1mb (about 40-48km) and 10-3mb (about 31-40 km) in the upper stratosphere and 30-10mb (about 24-31km) in the middle stratosphere. The thickness of 3-1, 10-3 and 30-10mb layers was determined for each observation, and then monthly mean thicknesses were calculated for each month. The monthly deviations for 18-year means have been evaluated for each layer. These monthly mean thickness deviations were converted into temperature, since a layer-mean temperature is more representative than temperature at a single height or pressure.
S 1 Proofs for results in Section 2 S 1 . 1 Proof of Proposition 2 . 1

Q(θ; θ) := nEθm [logLf (θ)|z 1 , x1 ] Q̃(θ; θ) := −Q(θ; θ) + Pλ(θ) H(θ; θ) := nEθm [logPθ(y 1 |z 1 , x1 )|z 1 , x1 ]. Note that for any θm, Fn(θ) = Q̃(θ; θ m) + H(θ; θm) holds and H(θm; θm) ≥ H(θ; θm) by Jensen’s inequality. Also since θm+1 is a minimizer of Q̃(θ; θm), we have Fn(θ ) = Q̃(θ; θ) +H(θ; θ) ≤ Q̃(θ; θ) +H(θ; θ) = Fn(θ). (S1) To show that the inequality is strict, it suffices to show that if θm ̸∈ S, θm is not a stationary point of Q̃. Since θm ̸∈ S, there exists θ′ such that ▽Fn(θ) (θ′ − θ) < 0, ∀▽Fn(θ) ∈ ∂Fn(θ) (S2)
System Dynamics: Modeling and Simulation of Mechatronic Systems

The standard in the field, updated and revised for today's complex mechatronic systemsMore than ever before, engineers are responsible for the total system design of the products they create. While traditional modeling and simulation methods are useful in the design of static components, they are of little assistance to those charged with designing mechatronic systems comprising a variety of technologies and energy domains. Engineers who design such complex systems need more sophisticated tools to help them think and visualize on a dynamic systems level. This book arms them with one of the most important of those tools-bond graph modeling, a powerful unified graphic modeling language.System Dynamics, Third Edition is the only comprehensive guide to modeling, designing, simulating, and analyzing dynamic systems comprising any number of electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, thermal, and magnetic subsystems. While it has been updated and expanded to include many new illustrations, expanded coverage of computer simulation models, and more detailed information on dynamic system analysis, it has lost none of the qualities that have helped make it the standard text/reference in the field worldwide. With the help of more than 400 illustrations, the authors demonstrate step by step how to:* Model a wide range of mechatronic systems using bond graphs* Experiment with subsystem models to verify or disprove modeling decisions* Extract system characteristics and predict system behaviors* Translate graphical models into complex mathematical simulations* Combine bond graph modeling with state-of-the-art software simulation toolsSystem Dynamics, Third Edition is an indispensable resource for practicing engineers as well as students of mechanical, electrical, aeronautical, and chemical engineering.
THE ROLE OF NATIONAL AND SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS IN FIGURATIVE INTERPRETATION OF A WORD MEANING

The study of the integrity of external and internal factors of the language phenomena allowsto comprehend and interpret the trends of its development and application in nationally specific conditions. In the process of integration in the context of globalization, one can observe an increase in the interlanguage influence. We think, this is one of the most important and interesting issues today. So, we decided to look throughinterlingual functional types of a metaphor in this article. It is defined that transfer of meaning of words in modern languages is specific to each language separately. In linguistics it is noted that the metaphoricalness acts as an indicator of mentality of various communities of people. We have written our opinions and conclusions about the latest problems of linguistics and its attitude towards other subjects and also about the integrity of different factors in the language. The opinions of some scientists such as R.A. Budagov, Sh. Safarov, S.Averintsev, N.L. Galeev, M.Mirtojiyev, S Usmanov and others are discussed in this article. As we know, lexical stylistic devices such as metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche and all related allegorical expressions, including tropes (including euphemisms) are used to transfer meaning of words. This article is mainly devoted to metaphors. Metaphors showthe mentality, outlook, wisdom and culture of various communities of people (for example, the mentality of the people - the native speaker, the professional / age /gender mentality, etc.) There is no doubt that the views that have arisen on the basis of what has been seen and heard can have quantitative and qualitative differences.In addition, the differences between social types are reflected in the metaphorical unities that they have created and their meanings, and in their interpretation the social mentality is an important factor.
Factor B, the Second Component in the Sea Coelomocytes Express SpBf, a Homologue of

A homologue of factor B, SpBf, has been cloned and sequenced from an LPS-activated coelomocyte cDNA library from the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus . The deduced amino acid sequence and domain structure show signiﬁcant similarity to the vertebrate Bf/C2 family proteins. SpBf is a mosaic protein, composed of ﬁve short consensus repeats, a von Willebrand Factor domain, and a serine protease domain. It has a deduced molecular mass of 91 kDa, with a conserved cleavage site for a putative factor D protease. It has ten consensus recognition sites for N -linked glycosylation. Amino acids involved in both Mg 2 1 binding and in serine protease activity in the vertebrate C2/Bf proteins are conserved in SpBf. Phylogenetic analysis of SpBf indicates that it is the most ancient member of the vertebrate Bf/C2 family. Additional phylogenetic analysis of the SCRs indicates that ﬁve SCRs in SpBf may be ancestral to three SCRs, which is the typical pattern in the vertebrate Bf/C2 proteins. RNA gel blots show that SpBf transcripts are 5.5 kb and are speciﬁcally expressed in coelomocytes. Genome blots suggest that the SpBf gene ( Sp152 ) is single copy gene per haploid genome. This is the second complement component to be identiﬁed from the sea urchin, and, with the sea urchin C3 homologue, these two components may be part of a simple complement system that is homologous to the alternative pathway in higher vertebrates. The Journal of Immunology, 1998, 161: 6784–6793. of experimental approaches. used W program (24) and were then imported into the PAUP program (version 3.1.1) (25). Outgroups were identiﬁed from BLAST results, and the heu- ristic search method was used to obtain the shortest tree. The heuristic search in PAUP was set for tree-bisection-reconnection branch-swapping with an initial MAXTREES setting of 100, with all data weighted equally. The general search options were set to keep minimal trees only and to collapse zero-length branches. When multiple trees were obtained, a strict consensus tree was calculated. A number of analyses were done on full- length sequences of the Bf/C2 proteins, on SCR-deleted sequences, and on independent SCR sequences. Different outgroups were chosen to root in- dividual trees, which were based on either sequence similarities to the vWF domain or the serine protease domain, or were SCRs with known binding function or lack thereof. In some SCR analyses, additional SCRs with known binding function were added to the Bf/C2 ingroup.
Methods for Controlling Woody Invasian into CRP Fields in Tennessee

Woody cover is an important component of northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) habitat; however, some species such as red maple (Acer rubrum) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) grow aggressively and may become dominant on unmanaged areas. Six treatments with controls were implemented in a completely randomized design on a Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) old-field planted to tall fescue (Lolium arundinarium) with extensive invasion by sweetgum, red maple, and other woody saplings to determine the most effective method for reducing coverage of woody plants. Treatments included dormant-season burning in March 2004, applications of triclopyr, imazapyr, and glyphosate in July 2004, mowing in August 2004, and growing-season burning in September 2004. Resulting vegetation structure and composition were measured in July 2005. Percentage woody cover was reduced by all treatments (13-50%) except mowing (65.8%, SE=7.0) compared to control (80.4%, SE=7.6). Imazapyr (13.3%, SE=2.6), growing-season burn (14.2%, SE=3.1), and triclopyr (15.8%, SE=3.5) were most effective at reducing woody cover. Percentage cover of desirable legumes (Chamaecrista spp., Desmodium spp., Lespedeza spp.) was greatest in growing-season burn (54.2%, SE=6.7), imazapyr (28.3%, SE=5.9), and dormant-season burn (24.5%, SE=5.2) treatments. Imazapyr increased coverage of blackberry (Rubus spp.), while triclopyr increased coverage of warmand cool-season grasses. Our results suggest growing-season fire in September was best at reducing woody plants and enhancing habitat for northern bobwhites. Growing-season fire resulted in the greatest coverage of desirable legumes, reduced litter depth, and increased percent bare ground. If burning is not possible, applications of imazapyr or tryclopyr may be suitable alternatives.
Evaluation of COVID-19 pandemic on components of social and mental health using machine learning, analysing United States data in 2020

Background COVID-19 was named a global pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Governments across the world issued various restrictions such as staying at home. These restrictions significantly influenced mental health worldwide. This study aims to document the prevalence of mental health problems and their relationship with the quality and quantity of social relationships affected by the pandemic during the United States national lockdown. Methods Sample data was employed from the COVID-19 Impact Survey on April 20–26, 2020, May 4–10, 2020, and May 30–June 8, 2020 from United States Dataset. A total number of 8790, 8975, and 7506 adults participated in this study for April, May and June, respectively. Participants’ mental health evaluations were compared clinically by looking at the quantity and quality of their social ties before and during the pandemic using machine learning techniques. To predict relationships between COVID-19 mental health and demographic and social factors, we employed random forest, support vector machine, Naive Bayes, and logistic regression. Results The result for each contributing feature has been analyzed separately in detail. On the other hand, the influence of each feature was studied to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on mental health. The overall result of our research indicates that people who had previously been diagnosed with any type of mental illness were most affected by the new constraints during the pandemic. These people were among the most vulnerable due to the imposed changes in lifestyle. Conclusion This study estimates the occurrence of mental illness among adults with and without a history of mental disease during the COVID-19 preventative limitations. With the persistence of quarantine limitations, the prevalence of psychiatric issues grew. In the third survey, which was done under quarantine or house restrictions, mental health problems and acute stress reactions were substantially greater than in the prior two surveys. The findings of the study reveal that more focused messaging and support are needed for those with a history of mental illness throughout the implementation of restrictions.
Metal-based nano-delivery platform for treating bone disease and regeneration

Owing to their excellent characteristics, such as large specific surface area, favorable biosafety, and versatile application, nanomaterials have attracted significant attention in biomedical applications. Among them, metal-based nanomaterials containing various metal elements exhibit significant bone tissue regeneration potential, unique antibacterial properties, and advanced drug delivery functions, thus becoming crucial development platforms for bone tissue engineering and drug therapy for orthopedic diseases. Herein, metal-based drug-loaded nanomaterial platforms are classified and introduced, and the achievable drug-loading methods are comprehensively generalized. Furthermore, their applications in bone tissue engineering, osteoarthritis, orthopedic implant infection, bone tumor, and joint lubrication are reviewed in detail. Finally, the merits and demerits of the current metal-based drug-loaded nanomaterial platforms are critically discussed, and the challenges faced to realize their future applications are summarized.
Body representation underlies response of proprioceptive acuity to repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation

Proprioceptive acuity is of great significance in basic research exploring a possible neural mechanism of fine motor control and in neurorehabilitation practice promoting motor function recovery of limb-disabled people. Moreover, body representation relies on the integration of multiple somatic sensations, including proprioception that is mainly generated in muscles and tendons of human joints. This study aimed to examine two hypotheses: First, different extension positions of wrist joint have different proprioceptive acuities, which might indicate different body representations of wrist joint in the brain. Second, repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) applied peripherally to the forearm radial nerve and extensors could change proprioceptive acuity at the wrist joint. Thirty-five healthy participants were recruited then randomly divided into the real stimulation group (n = 15) and the sham stimulation group (n = 20). The participants’ non-dominant side wrist joint position sense was tested at six extension positions within the physiological joint motion range (i.e., 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°) both before stimulation and after stimulation. Results showed that proprioceptive bias (arithmetic difference of target position and replicated position) among six extension positions could be divided into lower-extension position (i.e., 10°, 20°, 30°) and higher-extension position (i.e., 40°, 50°, 60°). One session rPMS could influence proprioceptive bias in lower-extension position but not in higher-extension position. However, proprioceptive precision (standard deviation within lower-extension position and higher-extension position) was not influenced. To conclude, proprioceptive bias may vary between different wrist extension positions due to different hand postures being related to changes in body representation, and different functions relating to proprioceptive bias and proprioceptive precision may underlie two aspects of body representation.
Natural laminar flow airfoil design considerations for winglets on low-speed airplanes

Winglet airfoil section characteristics which significantly influence cruise performance and handling qualities of an airplane are discussed. A good winglet design requires an airfoil section with a low cruise drag coefficient, a high maximum lift coefficient, and a gradual and steady movement of the boundary layer transition location with angle of attack. The first design requirement provides a low crossover lift coefficient of airplane drag polars with winglets off and on. The other requirements prevent nonlinear changes in airplane lateral/directional stability and control characteristics. These requirements are considered in the design of a natural laminar flow airfoil section for winglet applications and chord Reynolds number of 1 to 4 million.
THE CLASSICAL BANACH SPACES ‘ ’ =h ’

In this paper we study some structural and geometric properties of the quotient Banach spaces ‘ ’ ( I ) =h ’ ( S ), where I is an arbitrary set, ’ is an Orlicz function, ‘ ’ ( I ) is the corresponding Orlicz space on I and h ’ ( S ) = f x 2 ‘ ’ ( I ) : 8 (cid:21) > 0 ; 9 s 2 S such that I ’ ( x − s(cid:21) ) < 1g , S being the ideal of elements with (cid:12)nite support. The results we obtain here extend and complete the ones obtained by Leonard and Whit(cid:12)eld (Rocky Mountain J. Math. 13 (1983), 531{539). We show that ‘ ’ ( I ) =h ’ ( S ) is not a dual space, that Ext ( B ‘ ’ ( I ) =h ’ ( S ) ) = ; , if ’ ( t ) > 0 for every t > 0, that S ‘ ’ ( I ) =h ’ ( S ) has no smooth points, that it cannot be renormed equivalently with a strictly convex or smooth norm, that ‘ ’ ( I ) =h ’ ( S ) is a Grothendieck space, etc.
Exploring the role of uterine fibroids in promotion of cardiovascular diseases by diabetes exposure: Findings from national health and nutrition examination survey 1999–2006

Objective The relationship between uterine fibroids (UF) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in the diabetes population seemed to remain undetermined in previous studies. This study aims to explore the association between UF and CVDs by using the database from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). To further evaluate the connection between UF and CVDs we also tested the potential differences due to diabetes exposure. Materials and methods National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (1999–2006) were collected and used in this study. A total of 5,509 individuals were included and analyzed. The student’s t-test and the chi-squared test were used to explore the demographic characteristic between UF and non-UF groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the odds ratios of UF and covariates. Results Female participants were divided into UF (n = 694, 12.60%) and non-UF (n = 4,815, 87.40%) groups. The incidence of CVDs in UF patients (n = 245, 35.30%) were higher than non-UF individuals (n = 776, 16.12%) (p < 0.001). In addition, each subtype of CVDs were also different, which contains hypertension (33.29 vs. 15.31%, p < 0.001), heart failure (1.59 vs. 0.52%, p < 0.01), angina (2.59 vs. 0.62%, p < 0.001), heart attack (1.73 vs. 0.58%, p < 0.01) and coronary heart disease (1.44 vs. 0.54%, p < 0.01). The odds ratios of CVDs according to logistic regression were 2.840 (95% CI: 2.387–3.379) for UF patients (p < 0.001), while the odds ratios (ORs) were 1.438 (95% CI: 1.175–1.760) after taking account for the age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, race, education, and annual family income (p < 0.001). In addition, secondary analysis indicated more adverse effects in by UF exposure on CVDs risk among non-diabetes individuals (OR = 1.389, 95% CI = 1.124–1.718, p < 0.01) than diabetes patients (p = 0.063). Conclusion Overall, UFs were positively associated with CVDs, and this effect seems blunted by diabetes exposure.
Traditional Chinese herbs and natural products in hyperuricemia-induced chronic kidney disease

Hyperuricemia is a common biochemical disorder, which resulted from both excessive uric acid (UA) production and/or absolute or relative impairment of urinary UA excretion. Growing evidence has indicated that hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), causing hyperuricemia-induced CKD (hyperuricemic nephropathy, HN). The therapeutic strategy of HN is managing hyperuricemia and protecting kidney function. Adverse effects of commercial drugs make persistent treatment of HN challenging. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has exact efficacy in lowering serum UA without serious adverse effects. In addition, TCM is widely applied for the treatment of CKD. This review aimed to provide an overview of efficacy and mechanisms of traditional Chinese herbs and natural products in hyperuricemia-induced CKD.
GRAVITATION THEORY IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPACE

Gravitation theory in three-dimensional space (with two space-like and one time-like dimension) is considered. In particular, a general solution of the problem of motion of point particles with finite mass is proposed: the particles move along straight lines in Euclidean space, whence by cutting out certain fragments and connecting the edges of the cutting one obtains the space produced by the bodies. (auth)
DIA proteomics identified the potential targets associated with angiogenesis in the mammary glands of dairy cows with hemorrhagic mastitis

Hemorrhagic mastitis (HM) in dairy cows caused great economic losses in the dairy industry due to decreased milk production and increased costs associated with cattle management and treatment. However, the pathological and molecular mechanisms of HM are not well-understood. The present study aimed to investigate differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) associated with HM according to data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics. Compared to the mammary glands of healthylactating Holstein cows (Control, C group), the pathology of the HM group displayed massive alveolar infiltration of hemocytes and neutrophils, and the blood vessels, including arteriole, venules and capillaries were incomplete and damaged, with a loss of endothelial cells. DIA proteomics results showed that a total of 3,739 DEPs and 819 biological process terms were screened in the HM group. We focused on the blood, permeability of blood vessel, vascular and angiogenesis of mammary glands, and a total of 99 candidate DEPs, including 60 up- and 39 down-regulated DEPs, were obtained from the Gene Ontology (GO) and Pathway enrichment analyses. Phenotype prediction and function analysis of the DEPs revealed that three DEPs, particularly Caveolin-1(CAV1), were participated in the regulation of angiogenesis. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining showed that the CAV1 protein was present mainly in the mammary epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. The expression level of CAV1 mRNA and protein in the HM group was significantly down-regulated. The results will be helpful to the further understanding of the pathological and molecular mechanisms of HM in dairy cows.
Peptide Biomaterials for Tissue Regeneration

Expanding the toolbox of therapeutic materials for soft tissue and organ repair has become a critical component of tissue engineering. While animal- and plant-derived proteins are the foundation for developing biomimetic tissue constructs, using peptides as either constituents or frameworks for the materials has gained increasing momentum in recent years. This mini review discusses recent advances in peptide-based biomaterials’ design and application. We also discuss some of the future challenges posed and opportunities opened by peptide-based structures in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
A literature review [2000–2022] on vehicle acoustics: Investigations on perceptual parameters of interior soundscapes in electrified vehicles

The interior soundscape of a vehicle is an essential asset for experienced comfort and feedback of a car’s driver, especially in the premium automotive industry. Here we offer a literature review on the perception of acoustic characteristics of electrified vehicles (EVs) and the impressions and associations they convey to the individual—the driver, the customer, the user. The reduction of the overall sound pressure level (SPL) in EVs offers the opportunity to create exceptional quiet interior soundscapes. At the same time, the reduced SPL challenges NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) engineers to reduce remaining noises that are no longer masked by operational combustion while creating vehicle-adequate acoustics with pleasingly comfort-assets and operational feedback of the current driving mode. The analyzed body of literature covers research from the 21st century (2000–2022). We aim to comprise the current state of research highlighting specific achievements already made. Furthermore, we show evident gaps that need to be filled and considered in future research.