Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE RISE OF SN 2014J IN THE NEARBY GALAXY M82

We report on the discovery of SN 2014J in the nearby galaxy M82. Given its proximity, it offers the best opportunity to date to study a thermonuclear supernova (SN) over a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Optical, near-IR, and mid-IR observations on the rising light curve, orchestrated by the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory, show that SN 2014J is a spectroscopically normal Type Ia supernova (SN Ia), albeit exhibiting high-velocity features in its spectrum and heavily reddened by dust in the host galaxy. Our earliest detections start just hours after the fitted time of explosion. We use high-resolution optical spectroscopy to analyze the dense intervening material and do not detect any evolution in the resolved absorption features during the light curve rise. Similar to other highly reddened SNe Ia, a low value of total-to-selective extinction, RV ≲ 2, provides the best match to our observations. We also study pre-explosion optical and near-IR images from Hubble Space Telescope with special emphasis on the sources nearest to the SN location.
The quantum acoustomagnetoelectric effect due to Rayleigh sound waves

We have developed a theory of the quantum acoustomagnetoelectric effect due to Rayleigh sound waves in the presence of a quantizing magnetic field normal to the crystal-vacuum interface. Electrons are assumed to be specularly reflected at the sample surface. For this case we predict the appearance of an acoustoelectric current along the 'Hall' direction orthogonal both to the magnetic field and to the wavevector of the Rayleigh sound. We also predict quantum oscillations of this current analogous to the de Haas-van Alphen and Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations. We show that in the quantum strong-field limit the current oscillations cease to be a small correction to the monotonic part of the current and can have a large amplitude.
Remaining Useful Life prediction with a Deep Self-Supervised Learning Approach

With the increasing availability of data for Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), Deep Learning (DL) techniques are now the subject of considerable attention in Prognostics for Predictive Maintenance, achieving more accurate Remaining Useful Life (RUL) pre-dictions. However, one of the major challenges for DL techniques resides in the diﬃculty of obtaining large amounts of labeled data on industrial systems. To overcome this lack of labeled data, an emerging learning technique is considered in this work : Self-Supervised Learning, a sub-category of unsupervised learning approaches. This paper aims to investigate whether pre-training DL models in a self-supervised way on unlabeled sensors data can be useful for downstream tasks in PHM ( i.e. RUL estimation) with only limited amount of labelled data. A synthetic dataset composed of strain data is used. Results show that the self-supervised pre-trained models signiﬁcantly outperform the non pre-trained models in downstream Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction task, showing promising results in prognostic tasks when only limited labeled data is available.
Micromechanics approach for effective magnetostriction of composite materials

A micromechanics method is developed for the effective magnetostrictive behavior of magnetostrictive composite materials. Explicit relations for determining the effective magnetostriction of the particulate composites with cubic magnetostrictive crystallites are derived and reduce to the well-known results in the case of simple polycrystals with elastically isotropic magnetostrictive crystallites. Numerical calculations for the effective saturation magnetostriction of SmFe2/Fe or Al, and Terfenol-D/epoxy composites show that the theoretical estimates correlate well with experimental data, and they also show the interesting magnetostrictive behavior of the composites.
In-Silico and Biological Analysis of B-Cell Lymphoma-2 Gene and Genetic Mutation as Diagnostic Marker in Childhood Sudanese Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients, Gezira State, Sudan (2018)

Objective: To analyze the BCL2 genetic as diagnostic marker among acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood Sudanese patients, to detect genetic polymorphism in BCL2 in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing technique to confirm the harmfulness of the detected mutation using in silico analysis. Ma-terial and Methods: Venous blood was drained by means of clean venipuncture into a labeled 5 ml K-EDTA tubes. Subsequent mixing of blood with anticoagulant was followed and the tubes were stored at −20˚C, 40 blood samples were carried out using Sysmex XP-300 automated hematology analyzer, DNA extraction using innuPREP blood DNA mini extraction kit, quality of the purified DNA was evaluated by electrophoresis in 0.25 g agarose gel & DNA amplification using polymerase chain reaction. Results: In this study, sequencing showed that harmful mutation of a homozygous AA allele in one case of pre B-ALL and a heterozygous mutation AC allele in one control, BCL2 promoter
THE ABUNDANCE OF METALS IN THE GLOBULAR CLUSTER M 71.

The abundances of metals have been derived in the globular clusters M71 and M5 from spectra of stars hotter than most previously analyzed in those clusters. The iron abundance in M71 is derived to be -1.0 dex; choosing a lower microturbulent velocity raises this value to -0.8 dex. Since the light elements are enhanced relative to iron, the overall metal abundance of M71 may be near -0.8, though iron is probably more deficient. The abundance of iron in M5 is near -1.2 dex. A model atmosphere analysis directly comparing M71 to M5 leads to a difference in abundance between the two clusters of 0.3 + or - 0.1 dex. This small abundance difference requires that the location of the giant branch be sensitive to some parameter in addition to the abundance of iron. While an iron abundance of one-tenth solar for M71 is somewhat higher than indicated by earlier high-dispersion spectroscopic analyses, the abundance of metals in M71 is still significantly lower than indicated by other techniques.
Estimates of integral means of harmonic mappings

In this paper we prove that each univalent harmonic mapping of the unit disc onto a given horizontal strip is in h 1 and we find a uniform upper bound for their h 1-norm. We also give some estimates for integral means of extreme points of closures of the classes of univalent harmonic mappings onto the right half-plane R = {w: Rew > -1/2} and onto the one-slit plane .
New Mechanistic Insight into the Protective Effects of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides Against Palmitic Acid-Induced Cell Damage in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cell Line IPEC-J2

Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) is one of the well-known mushrooms in China, which has G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) that have been widely studied for various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antitumor, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetes, and immunomodulatory activities. A signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway is related to cell proliferation and apoptosis. The relationship between STAT and intestinal protection of GLP is still unknown. We studied the inhibitors AG490 in the STAT pathway and its downstream molecules to analyze the unique effects in the protection of GLP against palmitic acid (PA)-induced porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) injury. Compared to PA treatment, GLP + PA obviously decreased Ca2+ concentration, H2O2 production, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation, STAT1 and STAT2 protein levels, and increased nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) nuclear translocation and p-STAT3/STAT3 ratio in IPEC-J2 cells. After inhibition of STAT3 signaling, p-STAT3/STAT3 ratio, NF-κB nuclear translocation obviously decreased and Nrf2 nuclear translocation significantly increased in the GLP + PA group. The protection of GLP on proliferation and apoptosis of PA-induced IPEC-J2 cells was suppressed by inhibiting STAT3. The STAT3 pathway regulated the enterocyte-protective effects of GLP by modulating the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and NF-κB. We provide new insights into the mechanism of STAT signaling for the protection of GLP on PA-induced intestinal epithelial cell injury.
Search for Protoplanetary and Debris Disks Around Millisecond Pulsars

Abstract : The identification of planetary companions around the nearby millisecond radio pulsar PSR B1257+12 implies that planetary formation has occurred in the past evolutionary history of this system. If planetary formation is common around millisecond pulsars and if it occurs by coalescence of small dust particles within a protoplanetary disk, as is thought to have occurred during the formation of the solar system, then it may be possible to detect the presence of protoplanetary dust or a remnant debris disk via thermal infrared emission, We summarize an attempt to detect this emission via a series of 10 um observations made toward PSR B 1257+12 and four other nearby millisecond pulsars using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) 3 m telescope and the facility bolometer. We also present a simple model for thermal emission from a protoplanetary disk containing grains heated from the pulsar spin-down luminosity. Further, we describe upcoming space-based far-infrared observations that can substantially improve observational limits from the emission of dust that may radiate in the two order of magnitude gap between ground-based accessible mid-infrared and millimeter spectral regions.
Monte Carlo simulation of double-gate silicon-on-insulator inversion layers: The role of volume inversion

The electron mobility in a double-gate silicon-on-insulator (DGSOI) device is studied as a function of the transverse effective field and silicon layer thickness. The contributions of the main scattering mechanisms (phonon scattering, surface roughness scattering due to both Si–SiO2 interfaces, and Coulomb interaction with the interface traps of both interfaces) are taken into account and carefully analyzed. We demonstrate that the contribution of surface scattering mechanisms is by no means negligible; on the contrary, it plays a very important role which must be taken into account when calculating the mobility in these structures. The electron mobility in DGSOI devices as Tw decreases is compared with the mobility in single-gate silicon-on-insulator structures (i) when only phonon scattering is considered, (ii) when the effect of surface-roughness scattering is taken into account, and (iii) when the contribution of Coulomb interaction with charges trapped at both interfaces is taken into consideration (.
EMPIRICAL DECODING OF THE SHAPES OF SPECTRAL-LINE BISECTORS

The great variety of shapes found for bisectors of spectral lines seen across the cool half of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram are explained and empirically decoded using a novel method. The velocity gradient through the photosphere, as delineated by the star's third-signature plot, sets the basic shape of the bisector, which is then modified by the asymmetry in the amount of light coming from rising versus falling material. With this concept in place, one can then derive the apparent deficit of flux from downward flowing material in the granulation structure, and this is done for nine stars. The deficits peak between 3 and 4 km s−1 for dwarfs and between 4 and 5 km s−1 for giants, and they span a range from ∼1 to 10 km s−1 for all stars. The amplitudes of the flux deficits increase with effective temperature and with luminosity and have values ∼7%–10% for dwarfs and ∼15%–20% for giants. Such measurements of the contrast between granules and dark lanes are independent of models of granulation.
Mn enriched surface of annealed (GaMn)As layers annealed under arsenic capping

Using synchrotron radiation based spectroscopic methods we have investigated the surface modifications of Ga1-x Mnx As layers due to post growth annealing under amorphous arsenic capping layers. It is established that there is a clear increase of the Mn concentration at the surface after annealing. This is ascribed to a reaction between diffusing Mn interstitials and the As capping. The reacted surface is smooth and well ordered with a 1×2 reconstruction. All data indicate that the annealed (GaMn)As is terminated by a monolayer MnAs in zinc-blende structure. © 2007 The American Physical Society.
Support for site testing of the European Extremely Large Telescope: precipitable water vapor over Paranal

In support of characterization of potential sites for the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) the European Southern Observatory (ESO), the Institute for Space Imaging Science (ISIS) and the astrometeorology group of the Universidad Valparaiso have jointly established an improved understanding of atmospheric precipitable water vapour (PWV) above ESO's La Silla Paranal Observatory. In a first step, 8 years worth of high resolution near-IR spectra taken with VLT-UVES have been statistically analysed to reconstruct the PWV history above Paranal. To this end a radiative transfer model of Earth's atmosphere (BTRAM) developed by ISIS has been used. A median PWV of 2.1 mm is found for Paranal based on UVES data covering the period 2001-2008. Furthermore we conclude that Paranal can serve as a reference site for Northern Chile due to the stable atmospheric conditions in the region. The median offset between Paranal and Armazones is derived to be 0.3 mm, but local arbitrary variations of a few tenths of a mm between the sites have been found by measurement. In order to better understand the systematics involved two dedicated campaigns were conducted in August and November 2009. Several methods for determining the water column were employed, including radiosonde launches, continuous measurements by infrared radiometer, and VLT instruments operating at various wavelengths: CRIRES, UVES, VISIR and X-shooter. In a first for astronomical instruments all methods have been evaluated with respect to the radiosondes, the established standard in atmospheric research. Agreement between the radiosondes and the IR radiometer (IRMA) is excellent while all other astronomical methods covering a wavelength range from 700 - 20000 nm have also been successfully validated in a quantitative manner. All available observations were compared to satellite estimates of water vapour above the observatory in an attempt to ground-truth the satellite data. GOES can successfully be used for site evaluation in a purely statistical approach since agreement with the radiosondes is very good on average. For use as an operational tool at an observatory GOES data are much less suited because of significant deviations depending on atmospheric conditions. We propose to routinely monitor PWV at the VLT and to use it as an operational constraint to guide scheduling of IR observations at Paranal. For the E-ELT we find that a stand-alone high time resolution PWV monitor will be essential for optimizing the scientific output.
Origin of room temperature ferromagnetism in ZnO:Cu films

Copper-doped ZnO (ZnO:Cu) films were prepared on silicon substrates by filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique at room temperature using a Zn target containing 5at. % of Cu. Room temperature ferromagnetism was observed in the ZnO:Cu films with saturation magnetization of 0. 037μB∕Cu atom. The origin of the ferromagnetism in ZnO:Cu was mainly due to Cu ions substituted into the ZnO lattice. X-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy revealed that no ferromagnetic-related secondary phase could be detected in ZnO:Cu.
Two improved methods for low-speed hot-wire calibration

Two improved methods for hot-wire anemometer calibration in the low-speed range (15-95 cm/s) are described: a laminar pipe-flow method, and a shedding-frequency method. For the laminar pipe-flow method the calibration is performed in the exit plane of a fully-developed laminar pipe flow. For the shedding-frequency method the shedding frequency of a parallel mode cylinder wake is measured; the velocity is then obtained from a continuous Strouhal-Reynolds number relationship. Calibration results from the present methods were compared with each other and with results from a commercially available calibration jet. The present methods were demonstrated as a simple, but accurate means for low-speed hot-wire calibration.
The cardiorespiratory interaction: a nonlinear stochastic model and its synchronization properties

We address the problem of interactions between the phase of cardiac and respiration oscillatory components. The coupling between these two quantities is experimentally investigated by the theory of stochastic Markovian processes. The so-called Markov analysis allows us to derive nonlinear stochastic equations for the reconstruction of the cardiorespiratory signals. The properties of these equations provide interesting new insights into the strength and direction of coupling which enable us to divide the couplings to two parts: deterministic and stochastic. It is shown that the synchronization behaviors of the reconstructed signals are statistically identical with original one.
Hardware-Efficient, Ultra-Fast and Joint Polarization and Carrier Phase Tracking Scheme Based on Frequency Domain Pilot Tones for DSCM Systems

The coherent digital subcarrier multiplexing (DSCM) has recently been proposed as a cost saving solution to realize flexible and scalable point-to-multipoint (PTMP) networks. In this work, a hardware-efficient, ultra-fast and joint polarization and carrier phase tracking scheme for the DSCM systems based on frequency domain pilot tones (named as PTJ) is proposed and demonstrated via both simulations and experiments. By extracting the amplitude and phase of the pilot tones with a low-pass filter (LPF), the transmission matrix of random birefringence and carrier phase can be obtained prior to subcarrier demultiplexing and channel equalization. For the hardware-efficient implementation, a simplified LPF based on sliding window averaging (SWA) is proposed to filter out the pilot tones. Compared to previous scheme using pilot tones to track polarization and carrier phase in a cascaded manner (named as PTC), our proposed scheme shows better BER performance over wide polarization rotation rates and reduces more than 90% of computation resources by the SWA and joint tracking of polarization and carrier phase. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can track polarization rotation rate up to 20 Mrad/s with the OSNR penalty of 0.2 dB at 7% FEC threshold. This indicates that an OSNR sensitivity gain of 2.8 dB is achieved compared with the PTC scheme. The proposed scheme provides a hardware-efficient and fast-tracking solution to recovery the polarization and carrier phase for digital subcarrier multiplexing (DSCM) and polarization division multiplexing (PDM) based optical fiber communication system.
A simple nonparametric estimator of the bivariate survival function under univariate censoring

SUMMARY In the presence of univariate censoring, the bivariate survival function of paired failure times can be expressed as the ratio of the bivariate at-risk probability to the survival function of the censoring time. The use of this natural representation yields a very simple nonparametric estimator for the bivariate survival curve. The estimator is strongly consistent and, upon proper normalization, converges weakly to a zero-mean Gaussian process with an easily estimated covariance function. Numerical studies demonstrate that both the survival curve estimator and its covariance function estimator perform markedly well for practical sample sizes. Applications to the correlation problem and to the interval estimation of the difference in median survival times are also studied.
On Data-driven Takagi-Sugeno Modeling of Heterogeneous Systems with Multidimensional Membership Functions

Abstract In case of a structural mismatch between a Takagi-Sugeno model and a nonlinear system that is to be modeled, identification algorithms tend to compensate this by a finer granular partitioning. This is in conflict with the objective of parsimonious models. A novel TS model type with multi-dimensional fuzzy sets and locally adjustable/heterogeneous fuzziness is presented with a method for the adjustment. This new approach enhances the structural flexibility of the model while the number of parameters increases negligibly. Two case studies, including compressor modeling, illustrate the performance of the proposed method.
Possible Mechanisms of Resistance Development to Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) In Vulvar Cancer Cells

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a low-invasive treatment method that can be used to treat VIN patients. A photosensitizer (PS) applied to a patient is activated with use of the appropriate wavelength of light, which in an oxygen environment leads to the formation of a reactive oxygen species (ROS) that destroys the tumor. However, cells can protect themselves against these cytotoxic products by increasing their antioxidant mechanisms and repair capacity. Changes in the cytoskeleton may also influence resistance to PDT. Our results revealed that PDT-resistant cells changed the amount of ROS. Cells resistant to PDT A-431 exhibited a decreased ROS level and showed higher viability after oxidizing agent treatment. Resistant Cal-39 cells exhibited a decreased O2− level but increased other ROS. This provides protection from PDT but not from other oxidizing agents. Moreover, PDT leads to alterations in the cytoskeleton that may result in an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) or increased adhesion. Both EMT and cell adhesion may activate signaling pathways involved in survival. This means that resistance to PDT in vulvar cancer may be at least in part a result of changes in ROS level and alterations in the cytoskeleton.
Temperature distribution in a thin-film chip utilized for advanced nanocalorimetry

High sensitivity and fast calorimeters based on silicon nitride thin-film technology are used to study thermal properties of sub-micron samples and transition kinetics on a millisecond time scale. A commercially available thin-film sensor was utilized in our previous works for fast-scanning calorimetric measurements. A non-adiabatic condition allows not only fast heating but also fast cooling at rates up to 10 000 K s−1. Heat transfer from the sub-micron membrane was realized through an ambient gas. In order to justify the calibration procedure utilized in non-adiabatic thin-film calorimetry, the temperature distributions in the membrane and in the ambient gas have been studied. Results from an analytical solution of the heat-transfer problem have been compared with the temperature profiles obtained by fast infrared thermographic measurements under static and oscillating heating–cooling conditions. A theoretical background for ultra-fast-cooling experiments has been formulated. Actually, the best cooling medium for the ultra-fast thin-film cooling calorimetry is a gas at a reduced pressure. The thermal conductivity of a gas is not a limiting factor for the ultra-fast-cooling experiments.