Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiobjective multistage distribution system planning using tabu search

This study presents a multiobjective tabu search algorithm to solve the multistage planning problem of a distribution system formulated as a multiobjective dynamic mixed integer non-linear programming problem. Multiobjective problems do not have a specific solution, but a set of solutions that allows us to observe the trade-off among the analysed objectives. Taking into account this concept, the objective functions of the model proposed in this study are: costs (investment and operational) and reliability. The actions deemed in this model for each period of the planning horizon are: increase in the capacity of existing substations (or construction of new ones), exchange of cables in existing lines (and construction of new feeders), reconfiguration of the network, allocation of sectionalising switches and construction of tie lines. The system's reliability is evaluated by means of the non-supplied energy under contingencies using the n − 1 criterion. By line switching and the use of tie lines, part of the loads affected by a contingency can be restored, thus, the non-supplied energy can be evaluated by solving a distribution network restoration problem. Numerical results are presented for a 54-bus system.
Handling Dynamic Multiobjective Optimization Environments via Layered Prediction and Subspace-Based Diversity Maintenance

In this article, we propose an evolutionary algorithm based on layered prediction (LP) and subspace-based diversity maintenance (SDM) for handling dynamic multiobjective optimization (DMO) environments. The LP strategy takes into account different levels of progress by different individuals in evolution and historical information to predict the population in the event of environmental changes for a prompt change response. The SDM strategy identifies gaps in population distribution and employs a gap-filling technique to increase population diversity. SDM further guides rational population reproduction with a subspace-based probability model to maintain the balance between population diversity and convergence in every generation of evolution regardless of environmental changes. The proposed algorithm has been extensively studied through comparison with five state-of-the-art algorithms on a variety of test problems, demonstrating its effectiveness in dealing with DMO problems.
Global, regional, and national burden of age-related hearing loss from 1990 to 2019

The global distribution and temporal trend of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) are unknown, and we aimed to investigate magnitudes and temporal trends of ARHL burden and its influencing factors at the national, regional, and global levels. Based on the information of Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, we calculated the estimated annual percentage change to quantify the global, regional, and national temporal trends of age-standardized rates (ASRs) of ARHL by gender, age, and severity. The number of prevalent cases and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of ARHL increased from 751.50 million and 22.01 million in 1990 to 1456.66 million and 40.24 million in 2019, respectively. Except for a few countries such as Niger and Burkina Faso, the age-standardized prevalence rate and age-standardized DALYs rate showed a downward trend in most countries and regions. Mild ARHL accounted for the largest proportion in all ARHL, and only mild ARHL showed an upward trend in ASRs. In most regions, the proportion of ARHL disease burden attributable to occupational noise showed a downward trend in the past 30 years. In 2019, ARHL disease burden attributable to occupational noise declined with the increase of socio-demographic index in countries. Although the ASR of ARHL in most parts of the world is declining, the absolute disease burden of ARHL is still heavy. Understanding the real-time disease burden of ARHL and its temporal trend is of great significance for formulating more effective preventive measures and reducing the ARHL burden.
Farmakološko poboljšanje kognicije zdravih ljudi - trend ili potreba Pharmacological enhancement of cognition in healhy people - trend or necessity

Poboljsanje kognitivnih performansi je nesto za cim teže mnogi, od ambicioznih studenata do istaknutih menadžera, buduci da savremeno drustvo namece imperativ uspeha. Upotreba psihostimulanasa kod zdravih odraslih ljudi je poznata od davnina. Kofein je upotrebljavan hiljadama godina kao stimulans i cesto se konzumira u visokim dozama, u novije vreme i kod mladih u obliku energetskih pica. Nikotin takođe promovise kognitivne sposobnosti. Simpatomimetici ili psihostimulansi mogu da povecaju motivaciju, raspoloženje, energiju i budnost. Poznato je da su korisceni za održavanje budnosti, energije i samopouzdanja vojnika u vise ratova, od Bavarskih vojnika 1880-ih godina do siroke upotrebe u II Svetskom ratu kao i pilota u Zalivskom ratu, i najskorije kod pilota borbenih helikoptera lisenih sna. Prema pojedinim istraživanjima velika vecina se izjasnjava da bi zdravim odraslim osobama trebalo omoguciti da uzimaju lekove za poboljsanje kognitivnih performansi, ako to žele. Prema podacima proizvođaca, gotovo 350000 recepata za modafinil se propise u SAD iako je jedina indikacija za koju je on formalno odobren narkolepsija, koja se inace dijagnostikuje samo kod 135000 ljudi u toj zemlji. Eticka pitanja ce, verovatno, biti pod pritiskom buduce ocekivane prakse koja ce nametati sve vece profesionalne zahteve pred individuu, u svakodnevnom takmicenju bliske sutrasnjice.
In Vitro Evaluation and Genome Mining of Bacillus subtilis Strain RS10 Reveals Its Biocontrol and Plant Growth-Promoting Potential

Recently, crop management has involved excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, compromising public health and environmental integrity. Rhizobacteria, which can enhance plant growth and protect plants from phytopathogen, are eco-friendly and have been attracting increasing attention. In the current study, Bacillus subtilis RS10 isolated from the rhizosphere region of Cynodon dactylon, inhibited the growth of indicator strains and exhibited in vitro plant growth-promoting traits. A whole-genome analysis identified numerous biosynthetic gene clusters encoding antibacterial and antifungal metabolites including bacillibactin, bogorol A, fengycin, bacteriocin, type III polyketides (PKs), and bacilysin. The plant growth-promoting conferring genes involved in nitrogen metabolism, phosphate solubilization, hydrogen sulfide, phytohormones, siderophore biosynthesis, chemotaxis and motility, plant root colonization, lytic enzymes, and biofilm formation were determined. Furthermore, genes associated with abiotic stresses such as high salinity and osmotic stress were identified. A comparative genome analysis indicated open pan-genome and the strain was identified as a novel sequence type (ST-176). In addition, several horizontal gene transfer events were found which putatively play a vital role in the evolution and new functionalities of a strain. In conclusion, the current study demonstrates the potential of RS10 antagonism against important pathogens and plant growth promotion, highlighting its application in sustainable agriculture.
Water-related sustainability reporting practices amongst South African mining and non-mining corporations

Globally, water resource management has emerged as an important research area and is acknowledged as a crucial factor in achieving sustainable development goals. Despite its significance, water-related sustainability disclosures regarding water and water-related risks among companies are alarmingly weak. Many companies are not effectively measuring, managing, and disclosing their water-related risks. Hence, this paper aims to analyze water-related reporting and disclosure requirements of a sample of ten South African mining and non-mining companies with a high water profile, listed on the JSE Socially Responsible Investment Index. The companies’ level of compliance on water disclosure was assessed based on their reporting in the integrated and or annual reports. The findings revealed that sampled five mining companies performed poorly in terms of disclosure across the frameworks of awareness, disclosure, management, and leadership. On the other hand, the selection of five non-mining companies grasped the severe effect of the water crisis on their businesses and performed better in all the framework categories. The average score for the selection of mining companies was 65% compared to the 93% for the non-mining companies. Stakeholders need to focus on water governance processes that require improvement to enable the stakeholders to make better decisions on water management; subsequently, this is an area that needs to be addressed in future research.
Hamiltonian analysis and positivity of a new massive spin-2 model

Recently a new model has been proposed to describe free massive spin-2 particles in D dimensions in terms of a non symmetric rank-2 tensor e μν and a mixed symmetry tensor B μ[αβ]. The model is invariant under linearized diffeomorphisms without Stueckelberg fields. It resembles a spin-2 version of the topologically massive spin-1 BF model (Cremmer–Scherk model). Here we apply the Dirac–Bergmann procedure in order to identify all Hamiltonian constraints and perform a complete counting of degrees of freedom. In D = 3 + 1 we find 5 degrees of freedom corresponding to helicities ±2, ±1, 0 as expected. The positivity of the reduced Hamiltonian is proved by using spin projection operators. We have also proposed a parent action that establishes the duality between the Fierz–Pauli and the new model. The equivalence between gauge invariant correlation functions of both theories is demonstrated.
1/f noise in MOS devices, mobility or number fluctuations?

Recent experimental studies on 1/f noise in MOS transistors are reviewed. Arguments are given for the two schools of thought on the origin of 1/f noise. The consequences of models based on carrier-number /spl Delta/N or mobility fluctuations /spl Delta//spl mu/ on the device geometry and on the bias dependence of the 1/f noise are discussed. Circuit-simulation-oriented equations for the 1/f noise are discussed. The effects of scaling down on the 1/f noise is studied in the ohmic region as well as in saturation. In the ohmic region the contribution of the series resistance often can be ignored. However, in saturation the noise of the gate-voltage-dependent series resistance on the drain side plays a role in lightly doped drain LDD mini-MOST's. Surface and bulk p-channel devices are compared and the differences between n-and p-MOST's often observed is discussed. The relation between degradation effects by hot carriers or by /spl gamma/-irradiation on the one hand and the 1/f noise on the other is considered in terms of a /spl Delta/N or /spl Delta//spl mu/. Experimental results suggest that 1/f noise in n-MOST's is dominated by /spl Delta/N while in p-MOST's the noise is due to /spl Delta//spl mu/. >
Load independent hysteresis current control of a three level single phase inverter with constant switching frequency

Two level single-phase hysteresis current controllers have the major limitations of a variable switching frequency and a harmonic performance that varies with load inductance. This paper describes a method for digitally implementing three level modulation of a single phase inverter with a constant switching frequency, by using the zero crossing time error of the phase current error to vary either the hysteresis bands or the active pulse widths of the modulator. The approach makes the algorithm performance independent of the load inductance, and achieves a stable switching frequency within two switching periods after a transient event. Simulation and experimental results are presented in the paper.
Biomechanical Analysis of the Elbow Joint Loading During Push-Up

The purpose of this study was to investigate the static and dynamic forces within the joints during push-up loading of the upper extremity. Ten healthy male students volunteered for this study. They were asked to complete six sets of push-ups in five different hand positions. The Expert Vision Motion Analysis System with six CCD cameras, and a Kistler force plate was used to measure the relative joint position and ground reaction force. Hand position was found to have a statistically significant effect on the axial force. The maximum axial force decreased from "normal" when hands were placed "apart" (45.0% BW, p = 0.012) or "superior" (44.5% BW, p = 0.01). Hand position had a significant effect on the flexion moment of the elbow joint. A greater reduction of flexion torque at 997.3 N-cm (p = 0.001) was experienced with hands "apart. " Greater flexion torque existed throughout the cycle with hands "together" and equaled 2301.4 N-cm (p = 0.002). This study provides information about the kinematic and kinetic patterns of the upper extremities, and how hand position affects intersegmental loading. Attention must be given to the valgus torque encountered during push-up exercises. Patients with medial collateral ligament repair and total elbow arthroplasty should be protected from such exercises immediately post-treatment.
Varieties of democratic understanding and political participation: multi-level evidence from the world

ABSTRACT This article explores the linkage between different conceptualisations of democracy and forms of political participation. Specifically, it examines the correlates of conventional and unconventional modes of political participation, especially in light of three major understandings of democracy, namely liberal, redistributive, and authoritative understandings. This article maintains that different notions of democracy have their unique relationships with different forms of political participation. The article argues that people with a predominantly liberal notion of democracy are expected to partake in both conventional and unconventional modes of political participation, whereas those with an authoritative understanding of democracy are relatively more hesitant to take part in both forms. Finally, citizens with a redistributive notion of democracy are expected to appear more in unconventional forms of political participation, such as boycotts and lawful demonstrations. We test our arguments based on a global and up-to-date dataset and a multi-level framework, which covers more than 100,000 democratic citizens across the globe.
Integration of flexible AMOLED displays using oxide semiconductor TFT backplanes

AMOLED displays using oxide TFTs and high-quality moisture barrier were fabricated on ultrathin, flexible plastic substrates to give maximum mechanical flexibility. Total display thickness is below 150μm, and repeated rollability at 1 cm roll radius has been demonstrated. Electrical/Mechanical characteristics and reliability of the flexible displays will be presented. cop. 2014 Society for Information Display.
Ionospheric effects on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) clutter statistics

Low-frequency space-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an ideal sensor for measuring forest biomass, but can suffer from ionospheric effects. The variation in total electron content (TEC), originating from ionospheric turbulence, causes the along track point spread function (PSF) to degrade in a manner which depends on ionospheric conditions. In this study, the effect of this PSF on the single point statistics (probability density function) and two point statistics (autocorrelation function (ACF)) is derived. It is shown that the K -distribution order parameter is directly proportional to the ionospheric turbulence, as quantified by C k L . The complex ACF is a measure of amplitude scintillation, and the intensity ACF is a measure of both the order parameter and the terrain correlation length. A simulation is performed which clearly shows that measuring the order parameter ratio between ionospherically disturbed and undisturbed images is a measure of C k L . This measure can be used two orders of magnitude below the point where the ionosphere causes defocusing of the SAR image. It is concluded that the usefulness of this new measure can only be verified by experimental data since the temporal stability of the underlying order parameter is unknown.
Future service capabilities offered by the 3GPP system

This paper gives an overview of some of the services that it will be possible to offer in the future to mobile users by combining a number of service capabilities specified by 3GPP the international standards setting body. Using the capabilities defined in the Release 5 set of specifications completed in 2002 as well as those that will be available with Release 6, the network operators will be able to deploy a large number of data services that are now only accessible via the Internet with the added value of mobility, security, trusted relationship, solid charging principles, and interoperability that are typical of the mobile environment. Those services will leverage on the IP multimedia core network subsystem (IMS) that brings the benefits of the session initiation protocol and IP technology to the mobile world, user related data stored in the network, a totally new air interface providing controlled quality of service and high throughput and so on. The IMS and its role in the development of services is described. Other service capabilities including presence, group management, push are then discussed. Finally we give some examples of services that combine the above service capabilities.
YPK9 and WHI2 Negatively Interact during Oxidative Stress

Yeast PARK9 (YPK9) shares homology with human ATP13A2, which encodes a polyamine transporter implicated in juvenile forms of Parkinson’s disease. We used YPK9 to gain insight into how ATP13A2 affects cell growth and sensitivity to oxidative stress. Surprisingly, the YPK9 deletion strain from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion collection (YKO) in wildtype BY4741 (mating type a) grew faster and was more resistant to hydrogen peroxide than a commercial, putative parental BY4741 wildtype strain (BY4741COM). In contrast, deleting YPK9 from BY4741COM rendered it very sensitive to hydrogen peroxide, suggesting its background is different from that of the deletion collection. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that BY4741COM and BY4741COM ypk9∆ contain a novel premature stop codon near the 3′ end of WHI2 (WHI2G1324T), whereas the collection’s YPK9 deletion strain contains WHI2, which encodes a 486 amino acid protein, Whi2p. Replacing full-length WHI2 with the sequence coding for the predicted truncation (Whi2pE442*) rendered strains more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide, whereas the converse replacement rendered them more resistant. The sequences of WHI2 in 20 randomly chosen strains from the collection encode the full-length protein, indicating that the putative parental BY4741 WHI2G1324T strain’s genetic background differs from that of the deletion collection. Examination of WHI2 sequences in several commonly used wildtype S. cerevisiae strains and isolates revealed other Whi2p truncations that might yield altered phenotypes. Together, these results demonstrate a novel premature stop codon in WHI2 that renders yeast sensitive to hydrogen peroxide; they also reveal a negative genetic interaction between WHI2 and YPK9 in the presence of hydrogen peroxide in the BY4741 background.
Compensatory muscle activation in patients with glenohumeral cuff tears

Patients suffering tendon tears in the glenohumeral cuff muscles show activation of muscles which pull the arm downwards during arm elevation tasks. This so-called co-activation deviates from healthy controls and is triggered by pain. Goal of this thesis was to demonstrate that deviating muscle activation in patients with glenohumeral cuff tears is related to shoulder instability. We hypothesized that they are compensatory for lost glenohumeral cuff functions, and restrict arm functionality. Cuff-tear simulations using a musculoskeletal model and an experimental arm loading protocol showed increased deltoid activation to compensate lost elevation moments, which jeopardizes glenohumeral stability. Activation of muscles pulling down the humeral head is required to compensate lost stability, which is counterproductive for arm elevation. There is a conflict between stability and mobility. This conflict can be solved by a tendon transfer of the teres major, which demonstrated shoulder function improvement and pain decrease. The concept of compensatory muscle activation provide insight in the underlying mechanisms of patients suffering glenohumeral cuff tears and potentially can be used, also at early symptoms like in impingement, as a diagnostic instrument or it can be applied in new treatment strategies.
A Microgrid Model With EV Demand Uncertainty and Detailed Operation of Storage Systems

New entities and ways of operating electrical power systems have emerged. An example of this is the microgrid (MG), which can be described as a set of power generation units, energy storage systems (ESSs) and demands that can operate as a single set, in order to optimize their energy resources. Moreover, the recent growth in the use of electric vehicles (EVs) in transportation systems has created new challenges to electrical power systems. This article proposes a two-stage stochastic energy scheduling model for an MG to set up the day-ahead optimal decision in the first stage. Real-time operations, depending on wind and photovoltaic solar power, baseload demand and EV demand variability, are taken into account in the second stage. The proposed model considers conventional generators and alternating current (AC) linearized power flow constraints. Besides, a detailed ESS operation is considered, including degradation costs, and nonlinear charging/discharging as well as efficiency variation dependent of state of charge (SOC), for lead-acid and lithium-ion technologies. EV demand behavior is generated by probability-based algorithms that use the Monte Carlo method to perform their simulations, which are based on data of initial SOC, plugin/out times, type of EVs, and chargers. Finally, the proposed model is successfully validated with an IEEE-37 bus system. The results support the superiority of the proposed model over existing works, showing significant variations in battery bank (BB) operation. The computational time is similar to previous works, despite adding new constraints that increase the complexity.
The simple and cost-effective method for the voltage controlled variable optical attenuator using the piezoelectric ceramic tube with the electrodes on the surface (Invited Paper)

In this letter, we proposed a simple and cost-effective variable optical attenuator (VOA) through controlling a mechanical misalignment between 2 single mode fibers. A piezoelectric ceramic tube having 4 electrodes on the surface is the key component in our proposed structure. We can change the deflection of the tube by controlling the applied voltage on the electrodes of the tube, which causes the optical loss to be dependent on the applied voltage. The fact that the piezoelectric ceramic tube can be easily fabricated by using the electro-phoretic deposition processing makes our structure more attractive for mass production. The tube-fabrication processing is out of the range in this paper. So, the detail technical approach of the tube fabrication is excluded intentionally. The numerical analysis about the optical loss related to the various mechanical offsets is also investigated. From our experimental results, the dynamic range of the proposed structure is about from 0 to 25 dB when the applied voltage range is from 0 to 600 V DC. Our proposed structure can be a good candidate for a simple and cost-effective variable optical attenuator in optical communication system field.