Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple Sclerosis and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Background Observational studies suggested that multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the causal association has not been fully elucidated. Thus, we aim to assess the causality of the associations of MS with risk of CVDs. Methods A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to explore the causality. Genetic instruments were identified for MS from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 115,803 individuals. Summary-level data for CVDs were obtained from different GWAS meta-analysis studies. MR analysis was conducted mainly using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. Sensitivity analyses were further performed to ensure the robustness of the results. Results This MR study found suggestive evidence that genetic liability to MS was associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) [odds ratio (OR), 1.02; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00–1.04; p = 0.03], myocardial infarction (MI) (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00–1.06; p = 0.01), heart failure (HF) (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00–1.04; p = 0.02), all-cause stroke (AS) (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00–1.05; p = 0.02), and any ischemic stroke (AIS) (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00–1.05; p = 0.04). The null-association was observed between MS and the other CVDs. Further analyses found little evidence of pleiotropy. Conclusions We provided suggestive genetic evidence for the causal associations of MS with increased risk of CAD, MI, HF, AS, and AIS, which highlighted the significance of active monitoring and prevention of cardiovascular risk to combat cardiovascular comorbidities in MS patients.
Energy-Efficiency-Oriented Vision Feedback Control of QCSP Systems: Linear ADRC Approach

How to save the energy of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and then enable long-distance transport is a very real and difficult task. However, for UAVs, the classic object detection algorithm, such as the deep convolutional neural network–based object detection algorithm and the classic flight control algorithm, such as the PID-based position control algorithm, require significant energy, which limits the application scenarios of the UAV system. In view of this problem, this paper proposes a lightweight object detection network and a linear active disturbance rejection controller (LADRC) for the quadrotor with the cable-suspended payload (QCSP) system to improve energy efficiency. The system uses a YOLOV3 network and embeds it into the Jesson NX mobile platform to accurately detect the target position. Furthermore, a nonlinear velocity controller with a cable-suspended structure to control the velocity of the payload, a LADRC algorithm is adopted to achieve fast and accurate control of the payload position. Simulations and real flight experiments show that the proposed object detection algorithm and the LADRC control strategy can save the energy of drone effectively.
Continuum of Care: Positioning of the Virtual Hospital

Introduction Patients with multiple chronic diseases suffer from reduced life expectancy. Care for these patients is often divided over multiple healthcare professionals. eHealth might help to integrate care for these patients and create a continuum. It is the primary purpose of this paper to describe an intervention that integrates first, second, and third line care in patients with multiple chronic conditions using remote monitoring, remote therapy and data automatization, all integrated in a virtual care center (VCC). Methods Patients diagnosed with three or more chronic conditions are included and given smartphone compatible devices for remote monitoring and a tablet for video consultations. Patients will be followed-up by the VCC, consisting of nurses who will coordinate care, supervised by general practitioners and medical specialists. Data is reviewed on a daily basis and patients are contacted on a weekly basis. Review of data is automated by computer algorithms. Patients are contacted in case of outcome abnormalities in the data. Patients can contact the VCC at any time. Follow-up of the study is 1 year. Results The primary outcome of this study is the median number of nights admitted to the hospital per patient compared to the hospitalization data 12 months before enrolment. Secondary outcomes include all-cause mortality, event free survival, quality of life and satisfaction with technology and care. Conclusion This study presents the concept of a VCC that integrates first, second, and third line care into a virtual ward using remote monitoring and video consultation.
Genomic Imprinting in the New Omics Era: A Model for Systems-Level Approaches

Genomic imprinting represents a noteworthy inheritance mechanism leading to allele-specific regulations dependent of the parental origin. Imprinted loci are especially involved in essential mammalian functions related to growth, development and behavior. In this mini-review, we first offer a summary of current representations associated with genomic imprinting through key results of the three last decades. We then outline new perspectives allowed by the spread of new omics technologies tackling various interacting levels of imprinting regulations, including genomics, transcriptomics and epigenomics. We finally discuss the expected contribution of new omics data to unresolved big questions in the field.
Multi-Scale Normalization Method Combined With a Deep CNN Diagnosis Model of Dynamometer Card in SRP Well

There are more than 20 types of dynamometer card measured of sucker rod pumping (SRP) wells in oil fields, and some working conditions are very complicated. The common diagnosis model of SRP well based on dynamometer card recognition has low accuracy and recall rate of complicated working conditions. In order to improve the accuracy and recall rate of multi-condition diagnosis of SRP well and solve the problem of inseparable data attributes caused by traditional dynamometer card normalization methods, a new dynamometer card preprocessing method is proposed, which uses a clustering analysis algorithm to obtain multiple normalized dynamometer cards of the original dynamometer card and at the same time, adds a set of time-series dynamometer cards to enhance the separability of data. The dynamometer card preprocessing method combined with four deep convolutional neural networks are used to build a diagnosis model. Experiments are conducted under 24 different working conditions, the accuracy of our method is up to 95.8%, and the average recall rate of complicated working conditions is up to 93.1%, which is 13.6 and 35.3% higher than that of the model (AlexNet) built by the traditional preprocessing method. In addition, the preprocessing method of dynamometer card proposed is applicable to all deep learning models and machine learning models. Field applications show that our method is very effective for recalling abnormal working conditions, which is of great significance to the real demand for intelligent diagnosis of SRP well.
A Decentralized ComBat Algorithm and Applications to Functional Network Connectivity

Recent studies showed that working with neuroimage data collected from different research facilities or locations may incur additional source dependency, affecting the overall statistical power. This problem can be mitigated with data harmonization approaches. Recently, the ComBat method has become commonly adopted for various neuroimage modalities. While open neuroimaging datasets are becoming more common, a substantial amount of data is still unable to be shared for various reasons. In addition, current approaches require moving all the data to a central location, which requires additional resources and creates redundant copies of the same datasets. To address these issues, we propose a decentralized harmonization approach that does not create redundant copies of the original datasets and performs remote operations on the datasets separately without sharing any individual subject data, ensuring a certain level of privacy and reducing regulatory hurdles. We proposed a novel approach called “Decentralized ComBat” which can harmonize datasets separately without combining the datasets. We tested our model by harmonizing functional network connectivity datasets from two traumatic brain injury studies in a decentralized way. Also, we used simulations to analyze the performance and scalability of our model when the number of data collection sites increases. We compare the output with centralized ComBat and show that the proposed approach produces similar results, increasing the sensitivity of the functional network connectivity analysis and validating our approach. Simulations show that our model can be easily scaled to many more datasets based on the requirement. In sum, we believe this provides a powerful tool, further complementing open data and allowing for integrating public and private datasets.
Measuring Shared and Team Situation Awareness in the Army's Future Objective Force

A simulation exercise was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a new Army force structure called Objective Force. This paper will describe how shared and team situation awareness (SA) were measured and analyzed in this experiment with regards to how well the new force structure supports both SA at the individual officer level, within teams and across teams. Shared and Team SA were measured using the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT).
Ultrasound-assisted extraction of red mombin seed oil (Spondias purpurea L.): phenolic profile, fatty acid profile and chemical characterization of the cake, residue from the oil extraction

The ultrasound-assisted method was used to extract oil from the red mombin seed, mainly aiming to analyze yield. A multivariate analysis served to define optimized parameters (6.46 minutes and S/S ratio of 1:23.10 mass:volume) for ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with the objective of maximizing yield, using the response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability graph with central variables and axial points determined by the central composite rotatable design (CCRD). In addition to the optimization of oil extraction, oil was chemically characterized in terms of antioxidant capacity and nutritional aspects to test the quality and chemical characteristics of red mombin seed oil extraction residue (cake). Analyses showed 32% unsaturated fatty acids, such as palmitoleic acid, linolelaidic acid, and α-linolenic acid, and the presence of phenolic compounds, especially catechin. High dietary fiber content and the presence of phenolic compounds, such as chlorogenic acid, vanillin, and gallic acid, were found in the cake, which allows the possibility of incorporating this material into food products.
GaN Transistors for Efficient Power Conversion

This timely second edition has been substantially expanded to keep students and practicing power conversion engineers ahead of the learning curve in GaN technology advancements. Acknowledging that GaN transistors are not one-to-one replacements for the current MOSFET technology, this book serves as a practical guide for understanding basic GaN transistor construction, characteristics, and applications. Included are discussions on the fundamental physics of these power semiconductors, layout and other circuit design considerations, as well as specific application examples demonstrating design techniques when employing GaN devices.
A REVIEW OF LATEST WANNACRY RANSOMWARE: ACTIONS AND PREVENTIONS

Among the different types of cyber-attacks ransomware can be considered as one of the most critical attacks. Ransomware is a malicious software that encrypts and capture system files and data until payment of a ransom is delivered by the victim. Recently, there has been a series of cyber-attacks by a well-known offender called WannaCry ransomware, this entity displayed multiple dangerous ransomware intrusions. This paper will discuss on how cybercriminals bypass computer defensive system, and how WannaCry, as well as other types of ransomware, affect overall computer systems. Furthermore, reviews on preventive measures will be considered, that how businesses should counteract against ransomware attacks. This will serve as guidance to control damage in the worst-possible scenarios, i.e., when the computer system has already been infected and data has been held.
Biomineralix (COST Action TD0903), 2009-2014: An Overview

Biomineralization is the process by which living systems produce minerals. At theEuropean scale, this particular scientific field associates researchers of diverse horizons,ranging from zoology, mineralogy, palaeontology, and environmental sciences to materialssciences, dentistry and bone surgery. In this context, the COST Action TD0903, also referredas Biomineralix, was set up in November 2009 under the auspices of the COST Office inBrussels. This scientific network was active during four and half years, until May 2014. Itassociated 17 European countries, and a total of 29 laboratories. Its main objectives weremultiple: 1. To promote biochemical and proteomic research on the biomineralisationprocesses of diverse biological models, ranging from microorganisms to metazoans, such asmolluscs or sea urchins. 2. To characterize biominerals owing to the most advancedbiochemical and biophysical techniques. 3. To use natural biominerals as sentinels to recordenvironmental parameters and pollutions in terrestrial, riverine or marine ecosystems. 4. Totake lessons from natural systems to generate novel biomimetic or bioinspired materials,according to soft chemical processes. These research trends organized the action in fourworking groups. The present paper evaluates four and half years of functioning of thenetwork. It reviews some of the major results, in particular those acquired in the frame ofShort-Term Scientific Missions (STSMs), and lists the corresponding scientific papers.
Serangga 2021, 26(4): 1-29. Stukalyuk et al. ACQUISITION OF INVASIVE TRAITS IN ANT, Crematogaster subdentata MAYR (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS

The native (primary) range of Crematogaster subdentata Mayr lies in Central Asia. Within the secondary range in Ukraine and Russia, it is invasive. The 1 objective of this work was to study the evolution of the biological and ecological features (habitats, queen number, colony structure, behavior, worker’s activity on foraging trails) of C. subdentata in the urban environments (Tashkent) and secondary ranges (Crimea, Rostov-On-Don region). Whilst, the 2nd objective was to compared these parameters in the natural habitats in the native (Uzbekistan) range. Result showed that in the territory of the primary range in Kyzylkum, colonies of C. subdentata are strictly monogynous; in Zarafshan’s oasis (riparian forests) they were polygynous (5.0±1.2 queens), but in cities of Uzbekistan C. subdentata forms supercolonies with hundreds of nests, and in total with hundreds of queens (on average 17.7±4.4 queens per one nest in supercolony). In the secondary range, C. subdentata forms even larger supercolonies with thousands of nests, containing 53.0±8.7 queens per nest. C. subdentata avoids contacts with another invasive ant species, Lasius neglectus, in the foraging territories both in the primary and secondary ranges, but other ant species avoid C. subdentata. Workers of C. subdentata are aggressive toward conspecific ones from other nests in the natural habitats, but are tolerance to those in both the secondary range and in the cities in the primary range. In conclusion, our results show that some ants may acquire invasive species traits in the urban habitats in the primary range.
Chlorogenic acid and caffeine content of fermented robusta bean

Abstract. Purwoko T, Suranto, Setyaningsih R, Marliyana SD. 2021. Chlorogenic acid and caffeine content of fermented robusta bean. Biodiversitas 23: 902-906. Robusta beans contain caffeine and chlorogenic acid higher than arabica beans, however, it has a lower economic value than arabica beans. Therefore, microorganisms in the robusta bean for the fermentation process are expected to reduce caffeine and chlorogenic acid contents. The objective of this research was to investigate the ability of fungus Rhizopus oryzae, yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and bacteria Lactobacillus casei and Leuconostoc mesenteroides in degrading caffeine and chlorogenic acid content of robusta beans. Analysis of caffeine and chlorogenic acid content was carried out by spectrophotometer at OD275 and OD324, respectively. The caffeine and chlorogenic acid content of unfermented robusta beans were 18.64 mg/g and 62.18 mg/g. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, L. mesenteroides, L. casei, and R. oryzae were able to degrade caffeine, and reduce the caffeine content of fermented robusta beans to 16.92, 16.71, 16.67, and 13.57 mg/g, respectively. The decrease of caffeine by S. cerevisiae, L. mesenteroides and L. casei were not significantly different (p>0.05) from control, however, the decrease of caffeine by R. oryzae was significant (p<0.05). Saccharomyces cerevisiae, R. oryzae, L. mesenteroide, and L. casei were able to degrade chlorogenic acid and reduce the chlorogenic acid content of fermented robusta beans to 44.54, 45.21, 45.79, and 47.31 mg/g. Chlorogenic acid was reduced significantly by S. cerevisiae, R. oryzae, L. mesenteroides, and L. casei (p<0.05). It can be concluded that R. oryzae was a potential microorganism to reduce caffeine and chlorogenic acid contents in robusta beans.
A robust and adaptive spatial-spectral fusion model for PlanetScope and Sentinel-2 imagery

ABSTRACT Satellite sensors usually compromise between their spatial and spectral resolutions due to the limitations of data volume and signal-to-noise ratio, such as the Very High spatial Resolution (VHR) PlanetScope (PS, four or five 3-m bands) and medium spatial resolution (med-resolution) Sentinel-2 (S2, ten 10-m or 20-m bands) constellations. Concomitant with the growing demand for satellite images with ample spatial details and spectral signatures, Spatial-Spectral image Fusion (SSF) is important for blending the spatial resolution of PS and the spectral resolution of S2 to produce synthetic 3-m image products in the ten bands for different applications. However, the existing studies conducted for fusing PS and S2 data present limited spatial and spectral fidelities to original PS and S2 bands. Hence, this study presents a new SSF method named Robust and Adaptive Spatial-Spectral image Fusion Model (RASSFM) for that purpose. RASSFM improves the spatial and spectral fidelities of the results through: (1) combining the spectral mapping and the spectral correlation to obtain the high-quality spatial information sources for the S2 bands, (2) utilizing the neighborhood information considering both spatial and spectral constraints to improve the spectral fidelities of the fused bands. We conducted the SSF tests at the degraded and original spatial resolutions to comprehensively evaluate the proposed RASSFM method. Furthermore, we examined the performance of RASSFM in four study sites with highly mixed regular or desert urban, heterogeneous agricultural, and vegetation-dominated landscapes. Moreover, we compared our method with twenty representative SSF methods developed for similar purposes. The results demonstrate that RASSFM not only outperforms the other methods but has robust performance in different landscapes and comparable accuracies in different bands, thereby advancing the fusion of VHR and med-resolution images from PS and S2, respectively.
Preference, population development, and molecular characteristics of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on shallot cultivars: A field trial scale

Abstract. Supartha IW, Susila IW, Sumiartha IK, Rauf A, Cruz LBDC, Yudha IKW, Utama IWEK, Wiradana PA. 2021. Preference, population development, and molecular characteristics of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on shallot cultivars: A field trial scale. Biodiversitas 23: 783-792. The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous insect that is the main pest and is responsible for the decline in shallot production in Indonesia. This study aims to (i) analyze preferences; (ii) colonization time; (iii) population development; (iv) attack of armyworms according to plant phenology in the shallot cultivars; and (v) identification species of armyworms. The research was conducted in Bangli Village, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia. The research design used was a randomized block design with the treatment of five shallot cultivars and five replications. Molecular analysis of armyworm larvae was carried out using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method using forward Lep_F1 and reverse Lep_R1 primers at the Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene. Our results indicate that the period of adult pest infestation has been seen since the emergence of plants, namely 7 days after planting (dap). The colonization period begins at 21 (dap), when plants and larvae begin to grow. The development of the egg and larva population was seen when the plants totaled 21 (dap) (for eggs) and 28 dap (for larvae). The most preferred shallot cultivars are "Bali Karet" and "Bima Brebes". Armyworm larvae, including S. exigua, were identified as related to the same group as isolate larvae from China, India, Pakistan, Thailand, and Japan. These findings indicated that S. exigua preferred the two cultivars of shallots in the fields and emerged at 21 dap. This shows that insect management activities must be carried out systematically both when the shallots plants are young, pre- and post-harvest. Control with natural enemies can also be done for further research.
Understanding the mechanical strength and dynamic structural changes of wood-based products using X-ray computed tomography

ABSTRACT The mechanical strength of wood-based products (WBP) is determined by the anatomical structure of wood, including the specificities of earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW), and the bonding interphase between wood and adhesive. In this study, two-layered specimens were manufactured according to three possible assembling strategies in terms of the anatomical structure of wood. Wood micro-structure and phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive distribution were visualized with optical and fluorescence microscopy. Internal structure changes were dynamically monitored using X-ray computed micro-tomography (X-ray µCT) while compressing specimens. The results showed that in EW, adhesive could penetrate into cell lumens through collapsed cell walls. In LW, an adhesive can diffuse along rays. In bonding interphase, consisting of EW and LW, an adhesive preferably penetrates into EW. The adhesive increases EW stiffness but has little impact on the stiffness of LW.EW was mainly compressed during compression due to the collapse of the thinner cell walls and larger lumina. The collapse of the cell walls was more likely to happen in regions close and parallel to the boundary of growth rings. The cell structure in adjacent areas to resin ducts of LW was more affected, as these can be squeezed under compression.