Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative cytological and transcriptome analysis reveals high pollen fertility and upregulation of related genes in neo-tetraploid rice

Background: Autotetraploid rice is a useful germplasm for polyploid rice breeding; however, low seed setting is a major hindrance for the utilization of autotetraploid rice. Our previous study demonstrated that neo-tetraploid rice have great yield potential, which is thought to be one effective way to overcome the low fertility of autotetraploid rice. However, there is little known about the cause of high pollen fertility in neo-tetraploid rice. Here, we employed cytology and RNA-seq to study the molecular genetic mechanism of high pollen fertility in neo-tetraploid rice.Results: Cytological observations indicate that H1 displayed high pollen fertility (95.62%), lower percentage of PMC cell abnormalities, and stable chromosome configurations during the pollen development process compared with its two parents. RNA-seq analysis detected 1483 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in neo-tetraploid rice compared with its two parents. Of these DEGs, 433 were annotated as pollen fertility-related genes, and 240 (~55.4%) exhibited significant upregulation in neo-tetraploid rice compared with its two parents, including nine cloned genes ( CSA , TMS5 etc.) that were validated by qRT-PCR and had been demonstrated to be pollen fertility-related genes. We further selected TMS5 as a candidate gene and analysed its phenotype in neo-tetraploid rice using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Significant variations have been detected in phenotypic charts, pollen development process and expression level in H1 and its TMS5 knockout lines.Conclusions: Our finding provides strong evidence for the regulatory mechanisms of neo-tetraploid rice, and upregulation of pollen fertility-related genes should be associated with high fertility. Moreover, the present study provides a new useful germplasm for polyploidy rice breeding.
Fault diagnosis of hydraulic piston pumps based on a two-step EMD method and fuzzy C-means clustering

Hydraulic piston pumps are commonly used in aircrafts and various other equipment, and efficient fault diagnosis of them is playing an important role in improving the reliability and performance of hydraulic systems. Given that the discharge pressure signal of piston pump is a quasi-periodic signal and contains variety of state information, this article proposes a fault diagnosis method combining a two-step empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method based on waveform matching and extrema mirror extension with fuzzy C-means clustering. Based upon discharge pressure signals of piston pumps, the two-step EMD method which can restrain the end effects of traditional EMD is adopted to decompose the original signal. Characteristic vectors are then constructed by computing the normalized characteristic energy of selected Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) components on the basis of local Hilbert marginal energy spectrum. Finally, fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm is used to identify the faults of pumps. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can identify the faults of pumps effectively.
In Retrospect of Cloud Security Issues

Popular computing technologies like Distributed ,Parallel ,Grid etc., have already reached their peaks in providing services and now a hybrid aspect is capturing the focus which is a combination of traditional computing technology and network technology and termed to be “Cloud Computing ”. A desperate demand for data sharing and handling enterprise applications have called upon for cloud computing . A blocking wind for leveraging cloud computing technology is the aspect of security . But the passion towards adopting cloud have overridden the security threats. This paper glances over various security threats, risks, challenges along with their resistance capabilities to overcome the vulnerabilities in the cloud and also some of the encryption techniques that are used in the cloud.
A multi‐step finite‐state automaton for arbitrarily deterministic Tsetlin Machine learning

Due to the high arithmetic complexity and scalability challenges of deep learning, there is a critical need to shift research focus towards energy efficiency. Tsetlin Machines (TMs) are a recent approach to machine learning (ML) that has demonstrated significantly reduced energy compared to neural networks alike, while providing comparable accuracy on several benchmarks. However, TMs rely heavily on energy‐costly random number generation to stochastically guide a team of Tsetlin Automata (TA) in TM learning. In this paper, we propose a novel finite‐state learning automaton that can replace the TA in the TM, for increased determinism. The new automaton uses multi‐step deterministic state jumps to reinforce sub‐patterns, without resorting to randomization. A determinism parameter d finely controls trading off the energy consumption of random number generation, against randomization for increased accuracy. Randomization is controlled by flipping a coin before every d'th state jump, ignoring the state jump on tails. For example, d=1 makes every update random and d=∞ makes the automaton completely deterministic. Both theoretically and empirically, we establish that the proposed automaton converges to the optimal action almost surely. Further, used together with the TM, only substantial degrees of determinism reduce accuracy. Energy‐wise, random number generation constitutes switching energy consumption of the TM, saving up to 11 mW power for larger datasets with high d values. Our new learning automaton approach thus facilitates low‐energy ML.
Turning Private Vices into Collective Virtues: A Simple Model and an Experiment on the Sourceforge Development Community

This paper deals with the allocation of effort across the different software projects that collectively make up the Open Source Software ’ecology’. Free/Libre Open Source Software projects share many features with pure public goods; nonetheless, projects often compete for ’success’ inside the FOSS community at large. The central research question of this paper is then, how do developers choose where to direct their efforts amongst the thousands of existing software projects? How come developers choose to launch new projects when established alternatives are available? Why is the vast majority of Open Source projects a failure? The paper proposes a simple dynamic stochastic model that addresses these issues. Following methodological insight from Duffy (2006), we combine agent based simulations with human subjects lab experiments. As a benchmark, the model is simulated using a simple agent-based code assuming optimizing behaviour and risk neutrality at all times on the part of identical agents. The assumptions on optimal behaviour are then tested in the lab with human subjects, showing persistent and systematic biases in human behaviour: human players tend to be risk propense and to attach value to a label of ’project leadership’. These systematic biases are then built into a new round of simulations, showing a drastically better ﬁt with the real picture, as implied by data from the SourceForge. net dataset, and an enhancement of the evolutionary characteristics of the model (higher project quality in time). Results hints to the fact that in Open Source communities high risk propensity and excessive attachment to one’s own project can be collectively beneﬁcial. FOSS communities appear able to harness the efforts of thousands of developers, turning their risk propension and overconﬁdence into a collective gain.
Analysis of aircraft wing-mounted antenna patterns /

High frequency radiation patterns of aircraft wing mounted antennas are analyzed. Basic antenna types using ray optical techniques are studied. The aircraft is modelled in its most basic form so that this study is applicable to general type aircraft. The fuselage is modelled as a perfectly conducting finite elliptic cylinder. The wings and horizontal and vertical stabilizers are modelled as perfectly conducting "n" sided flat plates that can be arbitrarily attached to the fuselage or to themselves. The antenna locations are assumed to be on the surfaces of the wings at locations removed from engines and stores such that these effects are negligible. Volumetric patterns are calculated for several aircraft. The validity of the solution is shown by comparing the results against scale model measurements. The application of this solution to practical airborne antenna problems has shown its versatility in designing antennas and predicting their radiation patterns in an accurate and efficient manner.
Managing product development

This book brings together the work of leading international researchers in the field of product innovation and development. Competitive success between firms nearly always depends on what new products they can develop and bring to market. Some contributors examine broad issues related to the impact of information technology and the role that social factors play in the successful development of products; they also describe the ways that Japanese firms develop products internationally. Others explore product development in the automobile, biotechnology, photolithographic, and textile machinery industries. The book thus provides a powerful guide to successful product development for firms in diverse industries.
A tissue-equivalent solid phantom for estimation of interaction between human head and handset antenna

In this paper, accurate measurements for the SAR of modeled human heads using the brain equivalent phantom are presented. First, SARs of cubic and spherical phantoms in the vicinity of a dipole antenna are measured and compared with calculation. Secondly, a monopole antenna in a metal box, which simulates a mobile phone, is used. The operating frequency is considered only at 900 MHz. To enhance the accuracy of the experiments, the ingredients for the head model were carefully conditioned complying with COST 244 (1994).
TaleBlazer : a platform for creating multiplayer location based games

TaleBlazer is a platform that allows users to create location-based games for their mobile device. Using a block-based programming language, game designers can control the behavior of agents that interact with the game players as they walk around in the world with their GPS enabled device. This thesis describes the design decisions and implementation of the repository server which holds stores the games, the mobile client used to play TaleBlazer games, the blocks programming language used to control the agents and players in the game, and the multiplayer server that allows players to interact within the same game world. The experience teaching a workshop with students who used TaleBlazer is described in addition to areas for future development of the project. Thesis Supervisor: Eric Klopfer Title: Director, MIT Teacher Education Program
Column Settling Test and Tube Settling

16. Rubin, A.J. & Kovac, T.W. Effect of Aluminum(III) Hydrolysis on Alum Coagulation, Chemistry of Water Supply, Treatment and Distribution (A.J. Rubin, editor). Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Mich. (1974). 17. Cohen, J.M. Improved Jar Test Procedure. Jour. AWWA, 49:1425 (1957). 18. Rubin, A.J. Aggregation and Restabilization of Clays with Aluminum Hydroxide. Proc. 49th National Colloid Symposium, Clarkson College, Potsdam, N.Y. , (June 1975). 19. Swartzen-Allen, S.L. & MatijeviC, E. Colloid Surface Properties of Clay Suspensions. II. Electrophoresis and Cation Adsorption of Montmorillonite. Jour. Colloid Interface Sci., 50:143 (1975). 20. Singh, S.S. & Brydon, J.E. Solubility of Basic Aluminum Sulfates at Equilibrium in Solution and in the Presence of Montmorillonite. Soil Sci., 107:12 (1969). 21. Black, A.P. & Hannah, S.A. Electrophoretic Studies of Turbidity Removal by Coagulation with Aluminum Sulfate. Jour. AWWA, 53:438 (1961). 22. Hall, E.S. Electrokinetic Study of Dispersions of Clay in Hydrolyzed Aluminum Solutions. Discussions Faraday Soc. , 42:197 (1966). 23. Kruyt, H.R. Colloid Science, Vol. 1. Elsevier, New York (1952). 24. Tezak, B. ; Matijevi6, E. ; & Schultz, K.F. Coagulation of Hydrophobic Sols in Statu Nascendi. III. The Influence of the Ionic Size and Valency of the Counterion. Jour. Phys. Che m. , 59:769 (1955). 25. Matijevi^, E. Colloid Stability and Complex Chemistry. Jour. Colloid Interface Sci., 43:217 (1973). 26. MatijeviC, E. ; Janauer, G.E. ; & Kerker, M. Reversal of Charge of Lyophobic Colloids by Hydrolyzed Metal Ions. I. Aluminum Nitrate. Jour. Colloid Interface Sci. 19:333 (1964). 27. MatijeviC, E. & Stryker, L. J. Coagulation and Reversal of Charge of Lyophobic Colloids by Hydrolyzed Metal Ions. III. Aluminum Sulfate. Jour. Colloid Interface Sci. 22:68 (1966).
Auralization of Audio–Tactile Stimuli from Acoustic and Structural Measurements

A new method for the combined simulation of the audio and haptic response of an acoustic environment for arbitrary musical source material based on physical measurements is presented. Tactile signals are reproduced by the convolution of "decoupled" vibration with impulse responses derived from mechanical impedance measurements. Audio signals are reproduced by the convolution of anechoic sound with binaural room impulse responses. Playback is accomplished through headphones and a calibrated motion platform. Benefits of combining the new method of tactile signal reproduction with known audio auralization techniques include the ability to perform side-by-side listening tests for audio—tactile stimuli perceived in real music performance situations. Details of the method are discussed along with obstacles and applications. Structural response measurements indicate that propagation time and magnitude attenuation with distance vary perceptibly depending on both floor construction and direction of travel. One method of analysis shows that tactile and acoustical impulse responses vary independently across environments, supporting the need for measured vibration signals in audio―tactile displays. The results of the study can be used to calibrate haptic displays for music reproduction, but also to build test environments for perceptual studies aiming to improve stage construction with regard to vibration characteristics.
Tecnologías avanzadas de manufactura en países en vías de desarrollo una comparación entre Costa Rica y México

Hoy, para los paises en vias de desarrollo es critico asegurar sus capacidades de manufactura para poder competir globalmente, en especial cuando hay tratados de libre comercio que se estan negociando. Esto es particularmente importante para paises como Costa Rica, el cual tiene un tratado de libre comercio con Mexico y esta en proceso de aprobacion del tratado de libre comercio con los Estados Unidos (CAFTA, por sus siglas en ingles). Mucho se ha dicho sobre si Costa Rica esta listo para firmar el tratado. Este articulo provee puntos de vista desde una perspectiva de manufactura y examina las diferencias en inversiones de tecnologias avanzadas de manufactura (AMT, por sus siglas in ingles) y las barreras de implementacion entre empresas mexicanas y costarricenses. Despues de haber hecho una extensiva investigacion sobre AMT en la literatura, dos preguntas de investigacion se formularon con respecto a las diferencias entre ambos paises. Usando una metodologia en forma de cuestionario, la informacion se recolecto entre 125 empresas, 85 mexicanas y 40 costarricenses. Para probar la hipotesis planteada, se uso el analisis ANOVA (analisis de varianza). Los resultados indican que hay diferencias entre algunas tecnologias y barreras de implementacion de AMT entre ambos paises.
60 GHz CMOS gain-boosted LNA with transformer feedbacked neutraliser

A 60 GHz low-noise amplifier (LNA) using standard 65 nm CMOS technology is presented. A gain of the 60 GHz amplifier was boosted by using a transformer feedbacked capacitor neutraliser. To stabilise the process variations caused by the positive feedback system, the body node of the triple well was adjusted to tune the capacitor value. The theory, simulation and measurements are presented. An implementation prototype is evaluated using on-wafer proving. The LNA showed a measured peak gain of 30 dB and a measured noise of 4.6 dB under 8.9 mW power consumption with a 1 V supply voltage. The measured IIP3 was −26 dBm. This is believed to be the first CMOS 60 GHz LNA to compensate the overlap capacitor with a single-ended structure.
A machine learning approach to modeling and predicting training effectiveness

Developments in online and computer-based training (CBT) technologies have enabled improvements in efficiency, efficacy, and scalability of modern training programs. The use of computer-based methods in training programs allows for the collection of trainee assessment metrics at much higher levels of detail, providing new opportunities for training evaluation in these programs. These resulting datasets may provide increased opportunities for training evaluation and trainee intervention through the use of descriptive and predictive modeling. In particular, there is the potential for descriptive approaches to provide greater understanding of trainee behavior and indicate similarities between trainees, while accurate prediction models of future performance available early in a training program could help inform trainee intervention methods. However, traditional analysis techniques and human intuition are of limited use on so-called "big-data" environments, and one of the most promising areas to prepare for this influx of complex training data is the field of machine learning. Thus, the objective of this thesis was to lay the foundations for the use of machine learning algorithms in computer-based training settings. First, a taxonomy of training domains was developed to identify typical properties of training data. Second, the theoretical and practical considerations between traditional machine learning applications and various training domains were identified and compared. This analysis identified the potential impacts of training data on machine learning performance and presented countermeasures to overcome some of the challenges associated with data from human training. Third, analyses of machine learning performance were conducted on datasets from two different training domains: a rule-based nuclear reactor CBT, and a knowledge-based classroom environment with online components. These analyses discussed the results of the machine learning algorithms with a particular focus on the usefulness of the model outputs for training evaluation. Additionally, the differences between machine learning applications to the two training domains were compared, providing a set of lessons for the future use of machine learning in training. Several consistent themes emerged from these analyses that can inform both research and applied use of machine learning in training. On the tested datasets, simple machine learning algorithms provided similar performance to complex methods for both unsupervised and supervised learning, and have additional benefits for ease of interpretation by training supervisors. The availability of process-level assessment metrics generally pro-
Bitki Sekonder Metabolitlerinin Sağlık Üzerine Fonksiyonel Etkileri

Some types of secondary compounds, which are generally classified into 4 groups as phenolic compounds, terpenes-steroids, alkaloids and organosulfur compounds are critical for both medicine and pharmacy since they show anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects, have protective effects against cardiovascular diseases and cancer and have a variety of positive effects on health. It has been revealed that some phenolic compounds have cardioprotective effects by inhibiting the oxidation of lipoproteins, exhibiting hypocholesterolemic effect, reducing atherosclerosis risk, inhibiting platelet aggregation, improving vascular function, protecting the metabolism against inflammation and oxidative stress. Besides, some secondary compounds such as sulfurous compounds and flavonoids have beneficial effects on diabetes-related hyperglycemia and abnormal lipid profile and consequently, may be protective against diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic retinopathy. Some phenolic compounds and alkaloids have also been shown to demonstrate the anticarcinogenic activity by inhibiting carcinogenesis to DNA, having a protective effect against oxidative DNA damage, normalizing altered cell signaling leading to inhibition of malignant transformation, and inhibiting the growth and metastatic potential of cancer cells. A greater number of secondary metabolites have been discovered thanks to the development of bioreactor technology and the use of plant secondary metabolites has begun to be used more in drug production. However, rather than extract and nutraceutical forms of secondary metabolites, which are effective not only in the treatment of the diseases but also maintaining health and avoiding diseases, it may be more beneficial to consume natural forms of them with fruits and vegetables. The clinical course of a disease can be improved by recommending vegetables and fruits which are rich in secondary metabolites, whose functional activity is known in the medical nutritional recommendations for diseases. Studies evaluating the functional efficacy of different secondary metabolites against diseases may also be useful in terms of patient and disease-specific medical nutrition recommendations.
STUDI TEKNIK PENGERINGAN GELATIN IKAN DENGAN ALAT PENGERING KABINET

Pengeringan gelatin dari bahan baku kulit ikan telah dilakukan menggunakan alat pengering tipe kabinet ( cabinet dryer ) dengan pemanasan bertahap dan aliran udara yang telah didehumidifikasi. Bahan yang akan dikeringkan adalah larutan gelatin kental yang didinginkan kemudian diekstrusi sehingga terbentuk mie gelatin kemudian diletakkan di atas tray dan dimasukkan ke ruang pengering. Untuk menghindari resiko pelumeran (melting), mie gelatin diangin-anginkan selama 2 jam pada suhu 25oC dengan udara yang didehumidifikasi. Selanjutnya suhu ditingkatkan secara bertahap dengan tingkat kenaikan 2 – 4oC perjam hingga tercapai kadar air sekitar 10%. Performansi model alat pengering tipe kabinet atau cabinet dryer yang digunakan adalah dengan spesifikasi panjang kabin 190 cm, lebar 65, dan tinggi 97 cm. Dehumidifikasi udara pengering dengan AC 0,5 HP, sumber pemanas dari lampu infra merah 3 x 1.500 Watt dengan rata-rata kecepatan aliran udara 1,1 m/detik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 2.100 g mie gelatin dengan kadar air awal 75% dihasilkan 584 g gelatin kering dengan kadar air 10%. Dibandingkan dengan alat pengering gelatin komersial maka terlihat bahwa kemampuan dehumidifikasi dari alat pengering ini perlu diperbesar untuk dapatmempersingkat waktu pengeringan.