Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
REVIEW Mechanical Feed-Forward Loops Contribute to Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary ﬁ brosis is a progressive scarring disease characterized by extracellular matrix accumulation and altered mechanical properties of lung tissue. Recent studies support the hypothesis that these compositional and mechanical changes create a progressive feed-forward loop in which enhanced matrix deposition and tissue stiffening contribute to ﬁ broblast and myo ﬁ broblast differentiation and activation, which further perpetuates matrix production and stiffening. The biomechanical properties of tissues are sensed and responded to by mechanotransduction pathways that facilitate sensing of changes in mechanical cues by tissue resident cells and convert the mechanical signals into downstream biochemical signals. Although our understanding of mechanotransduction pathways associated with pulmonary ﬁ brosis remains incomplete, recent progress has allowed us to begin to elucidate the speci ﬁ c mechanisms supporting ﬁ brotic feed-forward loops. The mechanosensors discussed here include integrins, Piezo channels, transient receptor potential channels, and nonselective ion channels. Also discussed are downstream transcription factors, including myocardin-related transcription factor and Yes-associated protein/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif. This review describes mechanosensors and mechanotransduction pathways associated with ﬁ brosis progression and highlights promising therapeutic insights. (Am J Pathol 2021, 191: 18 e 25; https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.09.008) Idiopathic
Live Subretinal Nematode: Management by Focal Argon Laser Photocoagulation with Spectral Domain OCT Analysis

In our study, DR outcome was defined as worsening if there was >2 step increase in the grade of DR or need for intervention such as laser (macular or pan retinal) or vitreoretinal surgery, improvement for <2 step change while stabilization was defi ned if DR remained within these two limits. Though it is mentioned in the abstract, omission of the improvement parameters in Material and Methods section is regrett ed.
Erratum: Perinatal Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Stabilization Preserves Lung Alveolar and Vascular Growth in Experimental Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Rationale: Antenatal in ﬂ ammation with placental dysfunction is strongly associated with high bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) risk in preterm infants. Whether antenatal or postnatal HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) augmentation can preserve lung structure and function and prevent pulmonary hypertension after intrauterine in ﬂ ammation is controversial. Objectives: To determine whether antenatal or postnatal prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor (PHi) therapy increases lung HIF expression, preserves lung growth and function, and prevents pulmonary hypertension in a rat model of chorioamnionitis-induced BPD caused by antenatal in ﬂ ammation. Methods: Endotoxin (ETX) was administered to pregnant rats by intraamniotic injection at Embryonic Day 20, and pups were delivered by cesarean section at Embryonic Day 22. Selective PHi drugs, dimethyloxalylglycine or GSK360A, were administered into the amniotic space at Embryonic Day 20 or after birth by intraperitoneal injection for 2 weeks. Placentas and lung tissue were collected at birth for morphometric and Western blot measurements of (vascular endothelial growth factor), and eNOS(endothelialnitricoxidesynthase)proteincontents.AtDay14,lungfunctionwasassessed,andtissueswereharvestedtodeterminealveolarizationbyradialalveolarcounts,pulmonaryvesseldensity,andrightventriclehypertrophy(RVH). Measurements and Main Results: Antenatal PHi therapy preserves lung alveolar and vascular growth and lung function and prevents RVH after intrauterine ETX exposure. Antenatal administration of PHi markedly upregulates lung HIF-1a, HIF-2a, VEGF, and eNOS expression after ETX exposure. Conclusions: HIF augmentation improves lung structure and function, prevents RVH, and improves placental structure following antenatal ETX exposure. We speculate that antenatal or postnatal PHi therapy may provide novel strategies to prevent BPD due to antenatal in ﬂ ammation.
Pathogen proﬁle Pathogen proﬁle update: Fusarium oxysporum

SUMMARY Taxonomy: Kingdom Fungi; Phylum Ascomycota; Class Sordari-omycetes; Hypocreales; Family Nectriaceae; genus Fusarium . Host range: Very broad at the species level. More than 120 different formae speciales have been identiﬁed based on speciﬁcity to host species belonging to a wide range of plant families. Disease symptoms: Initial symptoms of vascular wilt include vein clearing and leaf epinasty, followed by stunting, yellowing of the lower leaves, progressive wilting, defoliation and, ﬁnally, death of the plant. On fungal colonization, the vascular tissue turns brown, which is clearly visible in cross-sections of the stem. Some formae speciales are not primarily vascular pathogens, but cause foot and root rot or bulb rot. Economic importance: Can cause severe losses in many vegetables and ﬂowers, ﬁeld crops, such as cotton, and plantation crops, such as banana, date palm and oil palm. Control: Use of resistant varieties is the only practical measure for controlling the disease in the ﬁeld. In glasshouses, soil steriliza-tion can be performed.
AYUSHCHARYA 2018 e ‘ A National Conference on Dinacharya and Ritucharya for public health promotion ’ Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine

Lifestyle disorders owes for more than half of the deaths annually worldwide. The leading global risks for mortality in the world are high blood pressure (13% deaths globally), high blood glucose (6%), physical inactivity (6%) and overweight and obesity (5%) [1]. Faulty lifestyle has also been found to be associated with life threatening diseases like cancer. Due to deviation from the ideal lifestyle, people are spending more years living with illness and disability. The prevalence of lifestyle disorders has reached alarming levels among Indians in the recent years. Increasing westernization of lifestyle being one of the main reasons for the disorders [2]. Correction of faulty lifestyle to control diseases and adoption of ideal lifestyle for prevention is an economic and comprehensiveway to fight the burden, caused by the lifestyle disorders. Ayurveda mentions the ideal lifestyle in the form of ideal daily regimen “Dinacharya” and seasonal regimen “Ritucharya”. One should eat, act and think for the happiness [3] and Dinacharya and Ritucharya gives all the methods to accomplish this. Central theme for the 3rd Ayurveda Day as declared by the Ministry of AYUSH was “Ayurveda for public health”. Keeping in mind the importance of Dinacharya and Ritucharya in disease control and prevention at community level, the need of these measures to fight the burden, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi organised AYUSHCHARYA 2018 (10th and 11th Dec) e A National Conference on Dinacharya and Ritucharya for public health promotion. The conference was inaugurated by the Chief Guest Dr. Bajrang Lal Gupta, renowned philosophist and economist in the presence of Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri Vaidya Devendra Triguna, Shri Baldev Kumar Dhiman, Vice Chancellor, Kurukshetra University and Dr. Dnyaneshwar Mulay, Secretary (CPV & OIA), Ministry of external affairs. Prof. Tanuja Manoj Nesari, Director, AIIA, in the welcome speech conveyed about the theme and aim of AYUSHCHARYA, highlighting Ayurvedic Dinacharya and Ritucharya as a need of the hour for prevention of lifestyle disorders like diabetes, hypertension etc. Dr. Mangalagowri V Rao, program coordinator briefed about the various activities planned for the two days and acknowledged Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India for the support. In his inaugural address, Dr. Bajrang Lal gupta highlighted the importance of “Hita Bhukta, Mita Bhukta and Ritu Bhukta” to remain healthy.Hita Ahara (right foodwith respect to the Prakriti and physical condition of the person) everyday [3],Matrayukta Ahara (eating in right amount) [3] and Ahara according to Ritu are the important
ACTIVE POWER ENHANCEMENT OF HVDC SYSTEM BY MMC

Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is becoming increasingly popular with the development of HVDC connections and, in the future, with the integration of Multi Terminal DC grids. A lot of publications have been published about this topology these last years since it was first proposed. Few of them are addressing explicitly the two different roles that are held by this converter in an HVDC link: power control or DC voltage level control. Moreover, for a given function, different ways of controlling this converter may be considered. This paper proposes an overview of the different solutions for controlling the MMC and proposes a methodology to synthesize the control architecture.
In vivo efﬁcacy of a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor in combination with radiation for the treatment of gliomas 1

Histone modiﬁcation has emerged as a promising approach to cancer therapy. We explored the in vivo efﬁcacy of a butyric acid derivative, pivaloyloxymethyl butyrate (AN-9), for the treatment of gliomas. Relative to control and single-modality treatments, the combination of AN-9 and radiation signiﬁcantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged time to failure in mice bearing glioma xenografts. The enhanced response to radiation was accompanied by inhibition of cellular proliferation and by increased phosphorylation of H2AX, implicating DNA double-strand breaks in the antineoplastic effects of AN-9 and radiation. The data suggest that AN-9 in combination with radiation may be an effective therapy for malignant gliomas.
Allele-Specific Small Interfering RNA Corrects Aberrant Cellular Phenotype in Keratitis-Ichthyosis-Deafness Syndrome Keratinocytes

Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness (KID) syndrome is a severe, untreatable condition characterized by ocular, auditory, and cutaneous abnormalities, with major complications of infection and skin cancer. Most cases of KID syndrome (86%) are caused by a heterozygous missense mutation (c.148G>A, p.D50N) in the GJB2 gene, encoding gap junction protein C×26, which alters gating properties of C×26 channels in a dominant manner. We hypothesized that a mutant allele-specific small interfering RNA could rescue the cellular phenotype in patient keratinocytes (KCs). A KID syndrome cell line (KID-KC) was established from primary patient KCs with a heterozygous p.D50N mutation. This cell line displayed impaired gap junction communication and hyperactive hemichannels, confirmed by dye transfer, patch clamp, and neurobiotin uptake assays. A human-murine chimeric skin graft model constructed with KID-KCs mimicked patient skin in vivo, further confirming the validity of these cells as a model. In vitro treatment with allele-specific small interfering RNA led to robust inhibition of the mutant GJB2 allele without altering expression of the wild-type allele. This corrected both gap junction and hemichannel activity. Notably, allele-specific small interfering RNA treatment caused only low-level off-target effects in KID-KCs, as detected by genome-wide RNA sequencing. Our data provide an important proof-of-concept and model system for the potential use of allele-specific small interfering RNA in treating KID syndrome and other dominant genetic conditions.
Lifetime Risks for Dementia among First-Degree Relatives of Controls

Committee on DNA Technology in Forensic Science, National Research Council (1992) DNA technology in forensic science. National Academy Press, Washington, DC Devlin B. Risch N (1992) A note on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of VNTR data by using the Federal Bureau of Investigation's fixed bin method. Am J Hum Genet 51:549-553 Devlin B, Risch N, Roeder K (1993) Statistical evaluation of DNA fingerprinting: a critique of the NRC's report. Science 259:748-749,837 Evett IW (1992) Evaluating DNA profiles in a case where the defence is "it was my brother. " J Forensic Sci Soc 32:5-14 Mi MP, Morton NE (1966) Blood factor association. Vox Sang 11:434-449 Morton NE (1992) Genetic structure of forensic populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:2556-2560 (1993) DNA in court. EurJ Hum Genet 1:172-178 Morton NE, Collins A, Balazs I (1993) Kinship bioassay on hypervariable loci in Blacks and Caucasians. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:1892-1896 Morton NE, Wu D (1988) Alternative bioassays of kinship between loci. Am J Hum Genet 42:173-177 SlimowitzJR, CohenJE (1993) Violations of the ceiling principle: exact conditions and statistical evidence. Am J Hum Genet 53: 314-323 Weir BS (1992) Independence of VNTR alleles defined as fixed bins. Genetics 130:873-887 (1993) Forensic population genetics and the National Research Council (NRC). Am J Hum Genet 52:437-440
A GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE RATE OF CALCIUM RELEASE FROM THE SARCOPLA toiogicai Laboratory RETICULUM IN SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS

A general procedure for using myoplasmic calcium transients measured with a metallochromic indicator dye to calculate the time course of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in voltage-clamped skeletal muscle fibers is described and analyzed. Explicit properties are first assigned to all relatively rapidly equilibrating calcium binding sites in the myoplasm so that the calcium content (CaF) in this pool of "fast" calcium can be calculated from the calcium transient. The overall properties of the transport systems and relatively slowly equilibrating binding sites that remove calcium from CaF are then characterized experimentally from the decay of CaF following fiber repolarization. The rate of calcium release can then be calculated as dCaF/dt plus the rate of removal of calcium from CaF. Two alternatives are assumed for the component of CaF that is due to fast binding sites intrinsic to the fiber: (a) a linear instantaneous buffer or (b) a set of binding sites having properties similar to thin filament troponin. Both assumptions yielded similar calcium release wave forms. Three alternative methods for characterizing the removal system are presented. The choice among these or other methods for characterizing removal can be based entirely on convenience since any method that reproduces the decay of CaF following fiber repolarization will give the same release wave form. The calculated release wave form will be accurate provided that the properties assumed for CaF are correct, that release turns off within a relatively short time after fiber repolarization, that the properties of the slow removal system are the same during and after fiber depolarization, and that possible spatial nonuniformities of free or bound calcium do not introduce major errors.
Gut commensal bacteria direct a protective immune response against the human pathogen Toxoplasma gondii

Summary Toxoplasma gondii is a universally-distributed pathogen that infects over 1 billion people worldwide. Host resistance to this protozoan parasite depends on the potent production of IL-12 and IFN- γ . Although Toll-like receptor 11 (TLR11) plays a major role in controlling Th1 immunity to this pathogen in mice, this innate immune receptor is not functional in humans, and the mechanisms of TLR11-independent sensing of T. gondii remain elusive. Here, we show that both mucosal innate and adaptive immune responses to T. gondii rely on the indirect stimulation of dendritic cells by normal gut microflora. We identify a novel function for commensal bacteria in which they provide an immunostimulatory effect on dendritic cells during parasitic infection. Our results reveal that indirect immunostimulation by gut commensals provides protection against T. gondii in the absence of TLR11. visualize IL-12p40-producing cells. Images were acquired with a Leica SPE with a 63× objective. The experiment shown is representative of the twelve performed. (C) DCs are the major IL-12-producing cells in WT and TLR11-/- mice. The different mucosal cell populations in the lamina propria (LP) of the small intestine and in the mLNs were examined for their ability to produce IL-12 in response to T. gondii . WT Yet40 and TLR11-/-×Yet40 mice were infected orally with T. gondii , as described above. On day 5 post-infection, small intestine and mLN single cell suspensions were prepared, stained with antibodies to I-A b , CD11c, CD11b, and CD8 α cell surface markers, and analyzed using flow cytometry. The data shown are the mean ± SD; the results are representative of four independent experiments, each involving four or five animals per group. * P< 0.05; ** P< 0.01.
Characterization of water-soluble organic matter in urban aerosol by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy

, Abstract The functional and 13 C isotopic compositions of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in atmospheric aerosol were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) in an urban location in the Southern Mississippi Valley. The origin of WSOC was resolved using the functional distribution of organic hydrogen, δ 13 C ratio, and positive matrix factorization (PMF). Three factors were retained based on NMR spectral bins loadings. Two factors (factors 1 and 3) demonstrated strong associations with the aliphatic region in the NMR spectra and levoglucosan resonances. Differences between the two factors included the abundance of the aromatic functional group for factor 1, indicating fresh emissions and, for factor 3, the presence of resonances attributed to secondary ammonium nitrate and low δ 13 C ratio values that are indicative of secondary organic aerosol. Factors 1 and 3 added 0.89 and 1.08 μgC m −3 , respectively, with the highest contribution in the summer and fall. Factor 2 retained resonances consistent with saccharides and was attributed to pollen particles. Its contribution to WSOC varied from 0.22 μgC m −3 in winter to 1.04 μgC m −3 in spring. Graphical Abstract
Clonothrix fusca Roze 1896, a Filamentous, Sheathed, Methanotrophic (cid:2) -Proteobacterium (cid:1) †

Crenothrix polyspora Cohn 1870 and Clonothrix fusca Roze 1896 are two ﬁlamentous, sheathed microorganisms exhibiting complex morphological differentiation, whose phylogeny and physiology have been obscure for a long time due to the inability to cultivate them. Very recently, DNA sequencing data from uncultured C. polyspora -enriched material have suggested that Crenothrix is a methane-oxidizing (cid:1) -proteobacterium (39). In contrast, the possible ecological function of C. fusca , originally considered a developmental stage of C. polyspora , is unknown. In this study, temporal succession of two ﬁlamentous, sheathed microorganisms resembling Cohn’s Crenothrix and Roze’s Clonothrix was observed by analyzing the microbial community of an artesian well by optical microscopy. Combined culture-based and culture-independent approaches enabled us to assign C. fusca to a novel subgroup of methane-oxidizing (cid:1) -proteobacteria distinct from that of C. polyspora . This assignment was supported by (i) methane uptake and assimilation experiments, (ii) ultrastructural data showing the presence in C. fusca cytoplasm of an elaborate membrane system resembling that of methanotrophic (cid:1) -proteobacteria, and (iii) sequencing data demonstrating the presence in its genome of a methanol dehydrogenase (cid:2) subunit-encoding gene ( mxaF ) and a conventional particulate methane mono-oxygenase (cid:2) subunit-encoding gene ( pmoA ) that is different from the unusual pmoA (u- pmoA ) of C. polyspora .
The Role of Patient-Site Facilitators in Teleaudiology: A Scoping Review

Purpose: Teleaudiology helps improve access to hearing health care by overcoming the geographic gap between providers and patients. In many teleaudiology encounters, a facilitator is needed at the patient site to help with hands-on aspects of procedures. The aim of this study was to review the scope and nature of research around patient-site facilitators in teleaudiology. We focused on identifying the facilitators ’ background, training, and responsibilities. Method: To conduct this scoping review, we searched PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase. To be included, studies needed to address teleaudiology; be experimental/quasi- experimental, correlational/predictive, or descriptive; be published in English; and include the use of a facilitator at the patient location. Results: A total of 82 studies met the inclusion criteria. The available literature described a number of different individuals in the role of the patient-site facilitator, including audiologists, students, and local aides. Fifty-seven unique tasks were identified, including orienting the client to the space, assisting with technology, and assisting with audiology procedures. The largest number of studies ( n = 42) did not describe the facilitators ’ training. When reported, the facilitators ’ training was heterogenous in terms of who delivered the training, the length of the training, and the training content. Conclusions: Across studies, the range of duties performed by patient-site facilitators indicates they may have an important role in teleaudiology. However, details are still needed surrounding their background, responsibilities, and training. Future research is warranted exploring the role of the patient-site facilitator, including their impact on teleaudiology service delivery. audiologist. The role of the patient-site facilitator also differs by subspecialty. In teleradiology, patient-site facilitators
The Effect of Modeling Human Rationality Level on Learning Rewards from Multiple Feedback Types

When inferring reward functions from human behavior (be it demonstrations, comparisons, physical corrections, or e-stops), it has proven useful to model the human as making noisy-rational choices, with a "rationality coefficient" capturing how much noise or entropy we expect to see in the human behavior. Prior work typically sets the rationality level to a constant value, regardless of the type, or quality, of human feedback. However, in many settings, giving one type of feedback (e.g. a demonstration) may be much more difficult than a different type of feedback (e.g. answering a comparison query). Thus, we expect to see more or less noise depending on the type of human feedback. In this work, we advocate that grounding the rationality coefficient in real data for each feedback type, rather than assuming a default value, has a significant positive effect on reward learning. We test this in both simulated experiments and in a user study with real human feedback. We find that overestimating human rationality can have dire effects on reward learning accuracy and regret. We also find that fitting the rationality coefficient to human data enables better reward learning, even when the human deviates significantly from the noisy-rational choice model due to systematic biases. Further, we find that the rationality level affects the informativeness of each feedback type: surprisingly, demonstrations are not always the most informative---when the human acts very suboptimally, comparisons actually become more informative, even when the rationality level is the same for both. Ultimately, our results emphasize the importance and advantage of paying attention to the assumed human-rationality-level, especially when agents actively learn from multiple types of human feedback.