Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Troponin and Recurrent Major Vascular Events after Minor Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack

This study was undertaken to investigate whether high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT) is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with minor stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), and whether this association differs after risk stratification based on the Age, Blood Pressure, Clinical Features, Duration of Symptoms, Diabetes (ABCD2) score.
Somatic Mutation Analysis in Salix suchowensis Reveals Early-Segregated Cell Lineages

Abstract Long-lived plants face the challenge of ever-increasing mutational burden across their long lifespan. Early sequestration of meristematic stem cells is supposed to efficiently slow down this process, but direct measurement of somatic mutations that accompanies segregated cell lineages in plants is still rare. Here, we tracked somatic mutations in 33 leaves and 22 adventitious roots from 22 stem-cuttings across eight major branches of a shrub willow (Salix suchowensis). We found that most mutations propagated separately in leaves and roots, providing clear evidence for early segregation of underlying cell lineages. By combining lineage tracking with allele frequency analysis, our results revealed a set of mutations shared by distinct branches, but were exclusively present in leaves and not in roots. These mutations were likely propagated by rapidly dividing somatic cell lineages which survive several iterations of branching, distinct from the slowly dividing axillary stem cell lineages. Leaf is thus contributed by both slowly and rapidly dividing cell lineages, leading to varied fixation chances of propagated mutations. By contrast, each root likely arises from a single founder cell within the adventitious stem cell lineages. Our findings give straightforward evidence that early segregation of meristems slows down mutation accumulation in axillary meristems, implying a plant “germline” paralog to the germline of animals through convergent evolution.
Molecular genetic evidence supporting diverse histogenic origins of germ cell tumors

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) originate during the histogenesis of primordial germ cells to mature gametes. Previous studies identified five histogenic mechanisms in ovarian mature teratomas (type I: failure of meiosis I; type II: failure of meiosis II; type III: duplication of the genome of a mature gamete; type IV: no meiosis; and type V: fusion of two different ova), but those of other GCTs remain elusive. In this study, we analyzed 84 GCTs of various pathologic types to identify the histogenesis using single‐nucleotide polymorphism array by analyzing copy‐neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN‐LOH) and copy number alterations (CNAs). We detected types I and II in ovarian teratomas, type III in ovarian teratomas and yolk sac tumors (YSTs), and type IV in all GCT types. The GCTs with multiple‐type histogenesis (I–IV) (ovarian mature/immature teratomas and YST) show meiotic CN‐LOH with scant CNAs. Type IV‐only GCTs are either with mitotic CN‐LOH and abundant CNAs (seminoma, dysgerminoma, testicular mixed GCTs) or with scant CNAs and no CN‐LOH (pediatric testicular and mediastinal teratomas). The development sequences of CN‐LOH and CNA are different between the multiple type (I–IV) GCTs and type IV‐only GCTs. We analyzed two different histologic areas in eight GCTs (one mature teratoma with a mucin‐secreting adenoma, two immature teratomas, and five mixed GCTs). We found that GCTs (mature teratoma, immature teratoma, and mixed GCT) showed different genomic alterations between histologic areas, suggesting that genomic differences within a GCT could accompany histologic differentiation. Of note, we found evidence for collision tumors in a mixed GCT. Our data indicate that GCTs may have various histogenesis and intratumoral genomic differences, which might provide important information for the identification of GCTs, especially for those with different histologic areas. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Donepezil for Aphasia After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

BRIEF HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION A 73-yr-old man with a history of coronary artery disease, depression, and colon cancer status after colectomy presented to inpatient rehabilitation (IPR) with a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and multiple rib fractures after an all-terrain vehicle accident. Initial imaging showed scattered subarachnoid hemorrhage, left frontotemporal subdural hematoma, trace intraventricular hemorrhage, right occipital fractures, and multiple rib fractures. Both his head injuries and rib fractures were managed nonoperatively. His hospital course before IPR was complicated by intermittent agitation and by dysphagia, which briefly required enteral feeding via a nasogastric tube. He was found to have encephalopathy, secondary to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia, for which he completed a course of antibiotics. His encephalopathy improved with completion of antibiotics, but his cognitive function remained limited with ongoing aphasia as a result of his brain injury. In addition, his agitation was managed acutely with a dexmedetomidine drip, eventually transitioned to oral olanzapine 5 mg as needed before his discharge from the acute care facility. On admission to IPR 28 days after his initial injury, the patient was awake and alert, but he remained severely aphasic with intermittent, ongoing disorientation and agitation. His physical examination was notable for nonfluent speech, with the inability to comprehend or repeat.
Multi-Scale Hybrid Fusion Network for Single Image Deraining

Deep learning models have been able to generate rain-free images effectively, but the extension of these methods to complex rain conditions where rain streaks show various blurring degrees, shapes, and densities has remained an open problem. Among the major challenges are the capacity to encode the rain streaks and the sheer difficulty of learning multi-scale context features that preserve both global color coherence and exactness of detail. To address the first problem, we design a non-local fusion module (NFM) and an attention fusion module (AFM), and construct the multi-level pyramids’ architecture to explore the local and global correlations of rain information from the rain image pyramid. More specifically, we apply the non-local operation to fully exploit the self-similarity of rain streaks and perform the fusion of multi-scale features along the image pyramid. To address the latter challenge, we additionally design a residual learning branch that is capable of adaptively bridging the gaps (e.g., texture and color information) between the predicted rain-free image and the clean background via a hybrid embedding representation. Extensive results have demonstrated that our proposed method is able to generate much better rain-free images on several benchmark datasets than the state-of-the-art algorithms. Moreover, we conduct the joint evaluation experiments with respect to deraining performance and the detection/segmentation accuracy to further verify the effectiveness of our deraining method for downstream vision tasks/applications. The source code is available at https://github.com/kuihua/MSHFN.
Contraction-Mediated Glucose Transport in Skeletal Muscle Is Regulated by a Framework of AMPK, TBC1D1/4, and Rac1

The two closely related RabGTPase-activating proteins (RabGAPs) TBC1D1 and TBC1D4, both substrates for AMPK, play important roles in exercise metabolism and contraction-dependent translocation of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle. However, the specific contribution of each RabGAP in contraction signaling is mostly unknown. In this study, we investigated the cooperative AMPK-RabGAP signaling axis in the metabolic response to exercise/contraction using a novel mouse model deficient in active skeletal muscle AMPK combined with knockout of either Tbc1d1, Tbc1d4, or both RabGAPs. AMPK deficiency in muscle reduced treadmill exercise performance. Additional deletion of Tbc1d1 but not Tbc1d4 resulted in a further decrease in exercise capacity. In oxidative soleus muscle, AMPK deficiency reduced contraction-mediated glucose uptake, and deletion of each or both RabGAPs had no further effect. In contrast, in glycolytic extensor digitorum longus muscle, AMPK deficiency reduced contraction-stimulated glucose uptake, and deletion of Tbc1d1, but not Tbc1d4, led to a further decrease. Importantly, skeletal muscle deficient in AMPK and both RabGAPs still exhibited residual contraction-mediated glucose uptake, which was completely abolished by inhibition of the GTPase Rac1. Our results demonstrate a novel mechanistic link between glucose transport and the GTPase signaling framework in skeletal muscle in response to contraction.
Factors Correlated With Fear of Cancer Recurrence in Cancer Survivors

Background Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is one of the most common and aversive psychological phenomena among cancer survivors. Understanding the independent and potentially modifiable risk factors that contribute toward FCR seen in cancer survivors would inform future interventional trials aimed at reducing this risk. Objective The aim of this study was to provide an evidence synthesis of factors correlated with FCR to inform the development of preventive interventions. Methods A literature search was performed of the PsycINFO, EMBASE, and MEDLINE (PubMed) databases. Reports published from inception to 2020 focusing on the correlates of FCR with physical, psychological, and social factors were identified. Authors assessed the studies’ risk of bias in accordance with the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Quantitative Studies (QualSyst criteria) and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. After extracting data and assessing the quality of the included studies, meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software. Results Thirty-four articles were included in this study with a total sample of more than 13 000 cancer patients. Fear of cancer recurrence was positively correlated with anxiety, depression, avoidance, chemotherapy, distress, intrusive thoughts, fatigue, rumination, and neuroticism. It was negatively correlated with optimism, age, social support, quality of life, time since diagnosis, well-being, and self-efficacy. Conclusions We identified 16 factors that are correlated with FCR, 9 positively correlated with FCR and 7 negatively correlated with FCR. Implications for Practice The findings of this study provide direction for the development of precise interventions for FCR in cancer survivors and lay the foundation for the further construction of an FCR-related nursing theoretical framework.
Ultracold strontium and rubidium: Mixtures, quantum gases and molecules

This thesis describes important steps towards the creation of ultracold RbSr ground-state molecules. These open-shell polar molecules will be employed as a platform for quantum simulation of strongly interacting systems. The strong interaction is due to the large electric dipole moment of the molecules. In addition they possess a magnetic moment, which will allow us to control the interactions by magnetic fields. The first step toward RbSr molecules is the experimental realization of an ultracold mixture of 87Rb and 84Sr. The Rb and Sr atoms are brought to quantum degeneracy by means of sympathetic laser and evaporative cooling of Rb by Sr. The doubly degenerate gases are loaded into an optical lattice resulting in many lattice sites occupied by one Sr and one Rb atom. Such a sample is an excellent starting point for the coherent transfer of atom pairs into molecules. Before the transfer can be achieved, high-precision spectroscopic data of the RbSr molecules has to be obtained. Two isotopic combinations, 87Rb-84Sr and 87Rb-88Sr are investigated by photoassociation spectroscopy. The spectroscopic measurements show that the coherent association of atom pairs into molecules will be easier in the isotopic combination 87Rb-87Sr instead of the one used for this thesis. In addition the spectroscopic studies lead to the precise determination of the interspecies scattering length of all Rb-Sr isotopic combinations.
Emergencies in freestanding ambulatory surgery centre

Purpose of review Ambulatory surgery is increasing, more procedures as well as more complex procedures are transferred to ambulatory surgery. Patients of all ages including elderly and more fragile are nowadays scheduled for ambulatory surgery. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are now developed for further facilitating readily recovery, ambulation, and discharge. Thus, to secure safety, a vigilant planning and preparedness for adverse events and emergencies is mandatory. Recent findings Proper preoperative assessment, preparation/optimization and collaboration between anaesthetist and surgeon to plan for the optimal perioperative handling has become basic to facilitate well tolerated perioperative course. Standard operating procedures for rare emergencies must be in place. These SOPs should be trained and retrained on a regular basis to secure safety. Check lists and cognitive aids are tools to help improving safety. Audit and analysis of adverse outcomes and deviations is likewise of importance to continuously analyse and implement corrective activity plans whenever needed. Summary The present review will provide an oversight of aspects that needs to be acknowledged around planning handling of rare but serious emergencies to secure quality and safety of care in freestanding ambulatory settings.
Clinical practice guidelines for multigene assays in patients with early-stage breast cancer: Chinese Society of Breast Surgery (CSBrS) practice guidelines 2021

The role of multigene assays in chemotherapy decisionThere were 81 voting committee members for these making in patients with early invasive breast cancer has been widely recognized. In 2017, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) clinical guidelines for multigene profiling assays focused on increasing the intensity of recommendations for the clinical use of MammaPrint ® . The 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system, officially launched in2018, established the concept of prognostic staging for the first time, adding the use of nonanatomical information to evaluate the prognosis. Initially, Oncotype Dx ® was recommended for suitable patients based on Level I evidence. Subsequently, five testing techniques, Oncotype Dx ® , MammaPrint ® , EndoPredict ® , PAM50 ® , and BCI, were formally incorporated into the system. To assist breast disease specialists in China in their selection of appropriate multigene profiling assays and detection methods for patients, and also to instill caution on decisionmaking with reference to multigene assays, the Chinese Society of Breast Surgery (CSBrS) has, through literature investigation and expert discussion, provided information on the key clinical problems and guidelines for the use of multigene assays, evaluating the evidence with reference to the Grades of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Combined with the availability of these assays inChina, the clinical practice guidelines for multigene assays were formulated and published. The purposeof this guideline is toprovidea reference for clinicians specializing in breast diseases in China.
Effect of Early Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis Fusion in Preadolescent Patients With Syndromic Craniosynostosis on Craniofacial Skeletal Patterns: A Preliminary Study Using Cephalometric Analysis

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of early spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) fusion in preadolescent patients with syndromic craniosynostosis (SC) on the craniofacial skeletal patterns. Twenty preadolescent SC patients were divided into the fused SOS (FS, n = 10; 8 Crouzon and 2 Apert) and not-fused SOS groups (NFS, n = 10; 9 Crouzon and 1 Apert). Lateral cephalograms (mean age: 9.60 years, cervical vertebral maturation index: stage I and II) were used to investigate the skeletal sagittal (ANB) and vertical patterns (SN-GoMe), upward inclination of the anterior cranial base (ACB; SN-FH), degree of midface hypoplasia (MH, SNA), retrusive position of orbitale (SNO), and forward position of the condyle in relation to sella (saddle angle). Using the ordinal values calculated by ethnic norm (criteria: moderate, over ±1 standard deviation, severe, over ±2 standard deviation), statistical analysis was performed. The FS group showed a higher percentage of severe MH than the NFS group (70% versus 10%, P < 0.05). Although the 2 groups did not differ in the distribution of ANB, SN-GoMe, saddle angle, and SN-FH (all P > 0.05), the FS group showed relatively higher percentages of severe Class III (100% versus 70%), severe hyper-divergent pattern (40% versus 10%), severely forward condyle position (30% versus 0%), and moderate and severe upward anterior cranial base inclination (90% versus 50%) than the NFS group. However, the 2 groups exhibited the same distribution of moderately and severely retrusive orbitale position ([50%, 20%], P > 0.05). Early SOS fusion in preadolescent SC patients might not be related to retrusive orbitale position, but to severe MH.
Independent effects of adiposity measures on risk of atrial fibrillation in men and women: a study of 0.5 million individuals

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) has a higher prevalence in men than in women and is associated with measures of adiposity and lean mass (LM). However, it remains uncertain whether the risks of AF associated with these measures vary by sex. Methods Among 477 904 UK Biobank participants aged 40–69 without prior AF, 23 134 incident AF cases were identified (14 400 men, 8734 women; median follow-up 11.1 years). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the covariate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) describing the association of AF with weight, measures of adiposity [fat mass (FM), waist circumference (WC)] and LM, and their independent relevance, by sex. Results Weight and WC were independently associated with risk of AF [HR: 1.25 (1.23–1.27) per 10 kg, HR: 1.11 (1.09–1.14) per 10 cm, respectively], with comparable effects in both sexes. The association with weight was principally driven by LM, which, per 5 kg, conferred double the risk of AF compared with FM when mutually adjusted [HR: 1.20 (1.19–1.21), HR: 1.10 (1.09–1.11), respectively]; however, the effect of LM was weaker in men than in women (p-interaction = 4.3 x 10−9). Comparing the relative effects of LM, FM and WC identified different patterns within each sex; LM was the strongest predictor for both, whereas WC was stronger than FM in men but not in women. Conclusions LM and FM (as constituents of weight) and WC are risk factors for AF. However, the independent relevance of general adiposity for AF was more limited in men than in women. The relevance of both WC and LM suggests a potentially important role for visceral adiposity and muscle mass in AF development.
Retrievable Inferior Vena Cava Filters—Use, Removal, and Removal Techniques

The use of retrievable inferior vena cava filters is on the rise, but there is an inadequate number of these filters being removed even if their use as a prophylactic for venous thromboembolism is no longer indicated. Complications with retrievable filters that remain in the patient for an extended duration include examples such as filter tilt and embedding into the caval wall. This raises concerns for whether the filter is properly functioning and for consequent sequelae, including recurrent thrombosis, stenosis, or inferior vena cava perforation. With these complications, there are also challenges to retrieving these filters via the standard techniques and thus more advanced techniques are required. Both standard and advanced techniques, their uses, and possible risks of these methods are also discussed.
Systematic review on the current knowledge and use of single‐cell RNA sequencing in head and neck cancer

Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) is a novel method enabling genetic characterization of tumor tissue at a single‐cell level. This study systematically reviewed the literature on studies using scRNA‐seq to characterize head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Seven studies were included, of which two studies performed scRNA‐seq on 20 patients in total, and five studies used scRNA‐seq data in a subsequent clinical study. The former mentioned two studies found intra‐tumoral genetic heterogeneity among malignant cells but genetic uniformity among non‐malignant cells. The five latter studies used scRNA‐seq data in various ways. Three studies identified biomarkers related to predicting whether a patient would benefit from immunotherapeutic treatment. One study characterized genes related to the perineural invasion. One study identified genes to be used in diagnostics. Further studies performing scRNA‐seq on HNSCC are required to continue the ongoing development and use of scRNA‐seq.
Using transects to disentangle the environmental drivers of plant‐microbiome assembly

Abstract Environmental heterogeneity is a major driver of plant‐microbiome assembly, but the specific climate and soil conditions that are involved remain poorly understood. To better understand plant microbiome formation, we examined the bacteria and fungi that colonize wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca) plants in North American and European populations. Using transects as replicates, we found strong overlap among the environmental conditions that best predict the overall similarity and richness of the plant microbiome, including soil nutrients that replicate across continents. Temperature is also among the main predictors of diversity for both bacteria and fungi in both the leaf and, unexpectedly, the root microbiome. Our results indicate that a small number of environmental factors, and their interactions, consistently contribute to plant microbiome formation, which has implications for predicting the contributions of microbes to plant productivity in ever‐changing environments.