Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BWOA based metaheuristic approach for uncertain nonlinear milling CNC machine system

The scientific advances in the machining process inculcate intelligence in computer numerical control (CNC), to enhance reliability and quality production. The study made in this article has been directed towards the metaheuristic‐based intelligent control of a nonlinear uncertain CNC machine for milling purposes. The presence of cutting force and frictional type constraints, along with parametric uncertainties, degrade the production quality in milling operations. Moreover, enhanced performance of milling operation can be achieved via intelligent control of position and velocity of machine table and tool. In this work, the black widow optimization algorithm (BWOA) driven proportional–integral–derivative (PID) and PI controllers are employed for the position and the velocity of machine table and tool, respectively. Servo and regulatory are the two important control problems that are considered, analysed, and addressed in this work. The most challenging task of simultaneous tuning of PI and PID controllers is also addressed in this brief. Finally, a vivid comparative analysis of five state‐of‐the‐art optimization techniques is also performed, and the obtained results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed control scheme. While dealing with the servo performance of x‐axis, the proposed controller gives a 100% improvement in overshoot and 61.54% improvement in settling time, and for regulatory performance, it gives a 98.45% improvement in undershoot. Moreover, for z‐axis control, the proposed controller gives a 100% improvement in overshoot and 61.54% improvement in settling time and for regulatory performance gives a 100% improvement in undershoot compared to published literature.
Tissue harmonic imaging

Harmonic imaging was originally developed for microbubble contrast agents in the early 90s under the assumption that tissue is linear and all harmonic echoes are generated by the bubbles. In fact, tissue, like bubbles, is a nonlinear medium. Whereas the harmonic echoes from bubbles have their origins in nonlinear scattering, those from tissue are a result of nonlinear propagation. The clinical benefits of tissue harmonic imaging are reduced reverberation noise and overall clutter level, improved border delineation, increased contrast resolution, and reduced phase aberration artifacts. To a large extend these benefits are explained by the properties of nonlinear propagation of the transmitted ultrasonic pulses in the tissue.
Detection of small moving objects in image sequences

This paper describes a new detection approach for small moving objects in noisy image sequences. This algorithm consists of pre-detection and post-detection. The pre-detection algorithm uses a multiple-median filter and an adaptive thresholding to suppress background clutter and enhance small targets. Where an estimate of the local clutter and noise are first done, the clutter and noise estimate are then subtracted from the primary image data to yield residuals that are potential targets. Finally the adaptive thresholding is used to turn residual images into binary images. Post-detection is performed on the binary image sequences. The only a priori information required in the post-detection technique is the maximum velocity of objects in sequence images. It uses the temporal continuity of the trajectories of moving targets to enhance the probability of detection and suppresses the probability of false alarm. Some results on two-dimensional infrared image sequences are presented.
Massive star-formation regions in the Magellanic Clouds

Optical and UV spectroscopy of stars from six compact, luminous groups or clusters in the SMC and LMC is presented. The groups are characterized by high concentrations of nebulosity or starlight confined to areas smaller than 30 arcsec on a side, in which some stars can be resolved. The spectra and fluxes are used to derive luminosities and effective temperatures for the stars. Spectroscopic and stellar wind properties are also noted. It is found that the stars are all of O and B-type, with low extinction. The stars generally have little or no sign of stellar winds, and often have spectral peculiarities, such as weak lines or mixed spectral indicators. Most spectra have strong, broad Ly-alpha absorption, and some have broad Ca II absorption. The stars are placed on the H-R diagram, and it is argued that some of them are massive stars in pre-main-sequence stages of their evolution. 8 references.
Signal stabilization of self-oscillating systems

The hunt (self-oscillations) of a physical system may often be removed by the introduction of an appropriate stabilizing signal which changes the open loop gain of a closed loop system in a non-linear manner. The theory of stabilization developed in this paper explains experimental results reported by R. Oldenburger in 1957. With the aid of Fourier series the designer can determine the periodic signal to be inserted at one point in a loop to yield a desired stabilizing input to a nonlinear element in the loop. This is illustrated by sinusoidal and triangular inputs to a nonlinear element. An example where a limiter is the only nonlinearity, is employed to illustrate the theory. The input-output characteristics of non-linear elements are in practice always modified by the presence of extra signals such as "noise. " Further, nonlinearities are always present in physical systems. The effect of extra signals on nonlinearities and system performance is thus of concern in the general study of physical systems, regardless of whether or not the problem of stability is involved. The results of this paper for the problem of stability extend readily to the problem of system performance for arbitrary disturbances. This paper is to be published in the Proceedings of the First IFAC Moscow Congress by Butterworth Scientific Publications, in 1960.
Smart City Traffic Management for Reducing Congestion

Traffic congestion is a major issue in urban city centers where lot of time and fuel is wasted on congested streets. Destination based routing by GPS and navigation apps allow motorists to identify and use preferred routes however, daily commuters on city streets need real-time guidance to use dynamic detours around congested road segments. We develop an algorithm to provide guidance to motorists passing through urban intersections in smart cities on avoiding traffic congestion ahead of them. This is accomplished by using short detours calculated by graph-based algorithms using several dynamic parameters. The parameters may include CF (congestion factor), differential distance and the density of traffic on road segments. The goal of this project is to use the power of graph-based algorithms to resolve congestion on urban streets in a smart city as soon as it is detected. In this paper, we present the design of the congestion avoidance algorithm, its implementation and the simulation results.
Mathematically consistent boundary conditions and turbulence matching at block interfaces for computational aeroacoustics

The method of characteristics is used to implement the various boundary conditions (e.g. wall and interface) in a high-order computational aeroacoustic (CAA) code developed by the first author. Most characteristic methods do not satisfy Pfaff's condition (which needs to be satisfied for any mathematical relation to be valid). A mathematically consistent and valid method is used in this work to derive the characteristic boundary conditions. Also, a robust and efficient approach for the matching of turbulence quantities at multi-block interfaces is proposed. Various numerical simulation cases were run to validate the concepts. The computed results show that the proposed method is accurate, robust and is in excellent agreement with experimental data. The results also indicate that the matching of turbulence quantities is essential for accurate turbulent flow calculations.
Subtractive Ru Interconnect Enabled by Novel Patterning Solution for EUV Double Patterning and TopVia with Embedded Airgap Integration for Post Cu Interconnect Scaling

Fully subtractive TopVia Ru interconnects with embedded airgap have been demonstrated through spacer assisted litho-etch litho-etch (SALELE) patterning, which utilizes a novel spacer pull process to enable a wider design space than alternative spacer-is-metal (SADP-SIM) patterning approaches. Utilizing this approach, we have demonstrated good pattern fidelity and electrical yield for structures with minimum pitch at 18nm. Furthermore, we propose a novel “TopVia” structure, where the metallization for the via is performed together with the metallization for the line below, combined with an integrated airgap. The TopVia integration scheme enables a barrier-less/liner-less via structure leading to maximum conductor volume, with greatly reduced liner thickness at the via contact. Simulation results support significant reductions in both via resistance and capacitance can be achieved by replacing conventional Cu interconnects with Ru TopVia interconnects with airgaps. We believe the combination of a SALELE with spacer pull process and top-via with embedded airgap integration is one of the most promising integration schemes to enable a Ru conductor in future technology nodes.
Training-to-Learn with Memristive Devices

Memristive crossbar arrays are promising non-von Neumann computing technologies to enable real-world, online learning in neural networks. However, their deployment to real-world learning problems is hindered by their non-linearities in conductance updates, variation during operation, fabrication mismatch and the realities of gradient descent training. In this work, we show that, with a phenomenological model of the device and bi-level optimization, it is possible to pre-train the neural network to be largely insensitive to such non-idealities on learning tasks. We demonstrate this effect using Model Agnostic Meta Learning (MAML) and a differentiable model of the conductance update on the Omniglot few-shot learning task. Since pre-training is a necessary procedure for any on-line learning scenario at the edge, our results may pave the way towards real-world applications of memristive devices without significant adaption overhead.
Estimation of Older Driver's Cognitive Performance and Workload Using Features of Eye movement and Pupil Response on Test Routes

In order to evaluate cognitive performance and the level of task mental workload of older drivers, some features of oculo-motors such as eye movement and pupillary response were extracted during car driving on a public road. The individual cognitive performance of 11 selected older drivers was measured in advance using some conventional tests including Manoeuvre and the useful field of view (UFOV). Changes in the extracted features deviated along with the test route, which was classified into 5 groups according to the type of route. The regression relationships between the features of oculo-motors and the cognitive test scores was created using the LASSO technique, where fitness and feature selections are evaluated. The predicted scores for driver's cognitive performance and dependency of route group were evaluated and the overall possibility of the estimating driver's conditions was confirmed. These results suggest that older driver's eye movements during driving reflect their cognitive abilities and level of mental workload.
Identification of Activated Cdc42-Associated Kinase Inhibitors as Potential Anticancer Agents Using Pharmacoinformatic Approaches

Background: Activated Cdc42-associated kinase (ACK1) is essential for numerous cellular functions, such as growth, proliferation, and migration. ACK1 signaling occurs through multiple receptor tyrosine kinases; therefore, its inhibition can provide effective antiproliferative effects against multiple human cancers. A number of ACK1-specific inhibitors were designed and discovered in the previous decade, but none have reached the clinic. Potent and selective ACK1 inhibitors are urgently needed. Methods: In the present investigation, the pharmacophore model (PM) was rationally built utilizing two distinct inhibitors coupled with ACK1 crystal structures. The generated PM was utilized to screen the drug-like database generated from the four chemical databases. The binding mode of pharmacophore-mapped compounds was predicted using a molecular docking (MD) study. The selected hit-protein complexes from MD were studied under all-atom molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) for 500 ns. The obtained trajectories were ranked using binding free energy calculations (ΔG kJ/mol) and Gibb’s free energy landscape. Results: Our results indicate that the three hit compounds displayed higher binding affinity toward ACK1 when compared with the known multi-kinase inhibitor dasatinib. The inter-molecular interactions of Hit1 and Hit3 reveal that compounds form desirable hydrogen bond interactions with gatekeeper T205, hinge region A208, and DFG motif D270. As a result, we anticipate that the proposed scaffolds might help in the design of promising selective ACK1 inhibitors.
The Abundances of Carbon and Nitrogen in I ZW 18

The first measurements of the semiforbidden C III 1909 A and forbidden N II 6583 A emission lines in I Zw 18 are reported. These data are combined with previously published spectrophotometry in order to derive the carbon and nitrogen abundances in I Zw 18 with the aid of a nebular model. The CNO abundances in I Zw 18 are found to exceed those found in the Magellanic Clouds and other well-observed oxygen-poor irregular galaxies and are more similar to those in the sun and nearby Galactic H II regions. It is argued that I Zw 18 may be older and more chemically evolved than previously believed, and that its extremely low O/H results from escape of O-rich supernova ejecta from the Galaxy or from dilution by accretion of primordial gas. Alternatively, I Zw 18 may have formed from a preenriched intergalactic medium. Spectroscopic diagnostics for composite photoionization models to fit the spectrum of I Zw 18 are discussed. 35 references.
An Adversarial Approach: Comparing Windows and Linux Security Hardness Using Mitre ATT&CK Framework for Offensive Security

Operating systems are essential software components for any computer. The goal of computer system manu-facturers is to provide a safe operating system that can resist a range of assaults. APTs (Advanced Persistent Threats) are merely one kind of attack used by hackers to penetrate organisations (APT). Here, we will apply the MITRE ATT&CK approach to analyze the security of Windows and Linux. Using the results of a series of vulnerability tests conducted on Windows 7, 8, 10, and Windows Server 2012, as well as Linux 16.04, 18.04, and its most current version, we can establish which operating system offers the most protection against future assaults. In addition, we have shown adversarial reflection in response to threats. We used ATT &CK framework tools to launch attacks on both platforms.
Consensus Statement on the Use of Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging during Pancreatic Cancer Surgery Based on a Delphi Study: Surgeons’ Perspectives on Current Use and Future Recommendations

Simple Summary Despite the potential of fluorescence imaging during pancreatic cancer surgery, more research is needed to facilitate the approval of tumor-targeted probes, standardize imaging techniques, and most importantly, gain trust from surgeons. Despite advancements in the development of novel probes, preclinical research settings do not always accurately represent the surgical setting. This first-of-its-kind Delphi consensus survey highlights current experiences and attitudes towards fluorescence imaging during pancreatic cancer surgery, specifically from surgeon’s perspectives. The results from this consensus survey highlight potential new directions for future research, which could facilitate the standardized use of fluorescence imaging during pancreatic surgery. Abstract Indocyanine green (ICG) is one of the only clinically approved near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores used during fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS), but it lacks tumor specificity for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Several tumor-targeted fluorescent probes have been evaluated in PDAC patients, yet no uniformity or consensus exists among the surgical community on the current and future needs of FGS during PDAC surgery. In this first-published consensus report on FGS for PDAC, expert opinions were gathered on current use and future recommendations from surgeons’ perspectives. A Delphi survey was conducted among international FGS experts via Google Forms. Experts were asked to anonymously vote on 76 statements, with ≥70% agreement considered consensus and ≥80% participation/statement considered vote robustness. Consensus was reached for 61/76 statements. All statements were considered robust. All experts agreed that FGS is safe with few drawbacks during PDAC surgery, but that it should not yet be implemented routinely for tumor identification due to a lack of PDAC-specific NIR tracers and insufficient evidence proving FGS’s benefit over standard methods. However, aside from tumor imaging, surgeons suggest they would benefit from visualizing vasculature and surrounding anatomy with ICG during PDAC surgery. Future research could also benefit from identifying neuroendocrine tumors. More research focusing on standardization and combining tumor identification and vital-structure imaging would greatly improve FGS’s use during PDAC surgery.
Full profile incoherent scatter analysis at Jicamarca

Incoherent scatter data from a hybrid long- pulse/double-pulse experiment at Jicamarca are analyzed us- ing a full-profile analysis similar to the one implemented by Holt et al. (1992). In this case, plasma density, electron and ion temperatures, and light ion composition profiles in the topside are estimated simultaneously. Full-profile analysis is crucial at Jicamarca, since the long correlation time of the incoherent scatter signal at 50 MHz invalidates conventional gated analysis. Results for a 24 h interval in April of 2006 are presented, covering altitudes through 1600 km with 10 min time resolution, and compared with results from the NRL ionospheric model SAMI2. The analysis provides the first comprehensive assessment of ionospheric conditions over Ji- camarca at sunrise as well as the first 24-h record of helium ion layers. Possible refinements to the experiment and the algorithm are discussed.
On spin‐up/spin‐down torque reversals in disc accreting pulsars

The recent BATSE observations of the spin-up and spin-down of accreting pulsars have shown that the standard formulation for the accretion torque as proposed by Ghosh &38; Lamb may need to be revised. The observations indicate alternate spin-up and spin-down phases driven by torques of similar magnitude and typically larger than the mean torque. The variations of the torque in systems such as Cen X-3 are difficult to explain in terms of changes of the mass accretion rate. The implication is that the torque does not depend on the accretion rate as in the GL model. In this paper we argue that the observed changes in the spin rate can result from stochastic transitions between two magnetospheric states. In particular, we show that intermediate magnetospheric systems are not admissible, because of a disc-induced magnetospheric instability which exists in a star–disc magnetic interaction system. This explains why torque reversal occurs in disc accreting pulsars with similar magnitudes.
Integrative and Mechanistic Approach to the Hair Growth Cycle and Hair Loss

The hair cycle is composed of four primary phases: anagen, catagen, telogen, and exogen. Anagen is a highly mitotic phase characterized by the production of a hair shaft from the hair follicle, whereas catagen and telogen describe regression and the resting phase of the follicle, respectively, ultimately resulting in hair shedding. While 9% of hair follicles reside in telogen at any time, a variety of factors promote anagen to telogen transition, including inflammation, hormones, stress, nutritional deficiency, poor sleep quality, and cellular division inhibiting medication. Conversely, increased blood flow, direct stimulation of the hair follicle, and growth factors promote telogen to anagen transition and subsequent hair growth. This review seeks to comprehensively describe the hair cycle, anagen and telogen balance, factors that promote anagen to telogen transition and vice versa, and the clinical utility of a variety of lab testing and evaluations. Ultimately, a variety of factors impact the hair cycle, necessitating a holistic approach to hair loss.
AN INTERESTING GROUP OF PULSATING STARS

On May 14, 1902, Professor Edwin B. Frost, later director of the Yerkes Observatory, made an important discovery, although at the time he himself probably did not realize how deeply it would affect our knowledge of the stars. On that night he took two spectrograms of the bright B-type star ß Cephei. During the winter of 1901-1902 he had measured eleven spectrograms of this star and found that it had a variable velocity. He states in his first announcement concerning ß Cephei : “We had assumed from the first plates that the period would be rather long, but a suspicion to the contrary led me to take two plates on the night of May 14, and during the interval of five and one-half hours the velocity changed 14 km, or nearly half of the whole range so far obseryed. ” Such rapid variations of velocity were quite unheard of in 1902, and Frost diligently continued his observations. Four years later he announced that the period is 4 34 11, and that the velocity curve is nearly symmetrical, with a range of 34 km/sec. The shortest period of any spectroscopic binary previously known was 1.45 days in the case of p Scorpii and V Puppis. Frost noticed that the radius of the orbit of ß Cephei, computed from the velocity curve, would be incredibly small—only 45,000 km—and suggested that the binary hypothesis could be true only if the inclination of the orbit were close to 0°. He says: “. if the radius of the orbit of the brighter star is assumed for the moment to be the same as that found by Vogel for Algol (1.6 million km), then the inclination of the plane would lack only about iy° of
Challenges in Cost-effective Automated Detection of Enameled Flat Wires in the Context of Robot-based Stator Manipulation

Especially in the production of electric drives, highly efficient drives in new use cases are needed to reach global climate targets. To obtain maximum motor power with minimal motor weight, it is necessary to fill the stator slots with a maximum of copper. In the past, the round wire has been the state of the art. However, with increasing efficiency expectations, round wires cannot reach the performance targets anymore. Form coils, also known as hairpins, are one common technology with higher fill factors. In addition, winding processes with endless flat or rectangle wires are currently in development and could fulfill the demand for electric drives in the future. Accompanied by new joining solutions, this technology could lower the production cost on the one hand and reduce the contacting spots with potentially increased contacting resistance on the other hand. One challenge in the automation of their winding and joining is a fully automated process chain, starting with the winding process and ending with end-of-line testing. One thing, all process steps have in common is the requirement to detect the position of the wires with high precision. This detection is fundamental to subsequent steps, performed by smart robot-based machines.