Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Findings on Diagnostic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Before Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer

Purpose Pre-treatment diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used in prostate cancer detection and staging; however, little is known about its potential for radiotherapy treatment decision, or its prognostic value. We investigated the findings on pre-treatment MRI and its potential influence on treatment decisions, and its ability to predict biochemical recurrence in patients treated with radiotherapy. Methods Files of patients treated by radiotherapy from 2014 to 2022 were searched for if they had had an MRI within 12 months before radiotherapy. Prostate Imaging Reporting & Data System (PI-RADS) score, index lesion diameter and the presence of organ confined disease or extra-prostatic extension were correlated with their Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) score. Distribution of radiological and clinical features between groups were estimated using a chi-squared test. Results Out of 1280 patients, 314 (24.5%) had an MRI. The distribution depended on the treatment received: 22.5% who received low-dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy as monotherapy, 24.0% treated with high-dose rate (HDR) boost and 32.0% treated with external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) (P = .017). The CAPRA score significantly correlated with the PI-RADS score (r = .342, P < .01) and the diameter of the index lesion (r = .473, P < .01). A clinically significant number of 22% patients with CAPRA ≤ 3 disease presented with lesions ≥15 mm and were less likely to be treated with LDR monotherapy (P < .01). 39 patients had a recurrence, only 5 had an MRI: 4 had a lesion of ≥20 mm and 3 a seminal vesicle invasion. Conclusion More than twenty percent of patients with CAPRA ≤3 presented on MRI a ≥15 mm lesion. An MRI could potentially affect treatment choice, and although exploratory our results suggest an important prognostic potential. Visual Abstract
Double-atom dealloying-derived Frank partial dislocations in cobalt nanocatalysts boost metal–air batteries and fuel cells

Significance We present a groundbreaking advance in nonprecious electrocatalysts that achieves high-efficient oxygen reduction catalysis of metal–air batteries and fuel cells by constructing Frank partial dislocations (FPDs). Such FPDs create a distinctive type of surface catalytic site at their surface terminations, which combines concave geometry and compressive strain, and this site shows evidently weakened oxygen adsorption, thus activating metallic cobalt and enabling Pt-like activity for the oxygen reduction reaction. This strategy marks a milestone in the design of nonprecious electrocatalysts for low-cost zinc–air batteries and fuel cells.
An Approach to Time-Varying Spectral Analysis

An approach to the time-varying spectral analysis for shock and vibration data is presented. The approach follows and extends Page’s concept of instantaneous power spectra. Various input-output relations for simple linear systems are derived. The error involved in the evaluation of the time-varying spectra of the response and conditions that reduce it are discussed in some detail. Numerical spectra and energy distribution function of four shock functions are provided and their significance is discussed.
Early and Delayed Infarct Growth in Patients Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy: A Prospective, Serial MRI Study

Background: We studied the evolution over time of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) lesion volume and the factors involved on early and late infarct growth (EIG and LIG) in stroke patients undergoing endovascular treatment (EVT) according to the final revascularization grade. Methods: This is a prospective cohort of patients with anterior large artery occlusion undergoing EVT arriving at 1 comprehensive stroke center. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on arrival (pre-EVT), <2 hours after EVT (post-EVT), and on day 5. DWI lesions and perfusion maps were evaluated. Arterial revascularization was assessed according to the modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) grades. We recorded National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at arrival and at day 7. EIG was defined as (DWI volume post-EVT–DWI volume pre-EVT), and LIG was defined as (DWI volume at 5d–DWI volume post-EVT). Factors involved in EIG and LIG were tested via multivariable lineal models. Results: We included 98 patients (mean age 70, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 17, final mTICI≥2b 86%). Median EIG and LIG were 48 and 63.3 mL in patients with final mTICI<2b, and 3.6 and 3.9 cc in patients with final mTICI≥2b. Both EIG and LIG were associated with higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at day 7 (ρ=0.667; P<0.01 and ρ=0.614; P<0.01, respectively). In patients with final mTICI≥2b, each 10% increase in the volume of DWI pre-EVT and each extra pass leaded to growths of 9% (95% CI, 7%–10%) and 14% (95% CI, 2%–28%) in the DWI volume post-EVT, respectively. Furthermore, each 10% increase in the volume of DWI post-EVT, each extra pass, and each 10 mL increase in TMax6s post-EVT were associated with growths of 8% (95% CI, 6%–9%), 9% (95% CI, 0%–19%), and 12% (95% CI, 5%–20%) in the volume of DWI post-EVT, respectively. Conclusions: Infarct grows during and after EVT, especially in nonrecanalizers but also to a lesser extent in recanalizers. In recanalizers, number of passes and DWI volume influence EIG, while number of passes, DWI, and hypoperfused volume after the procedure determine LIG.
Utilising in situ simulation within translational simulation programmes to evaluate and improve multidisciplinary response to anaphylaxis in the paediatric emergency department

The prevalence of paediatric anaphylaxis is rising in Australia. Treatment requires timely administration of intramuscular (IM) adrenaline. Study goals included utilising in situ simulation (ISS) within a translational simulation (TS) programme as a diagnostic tool to identify the frequency and cause of IM adrenaline errors in a paediatric ED, and utilising ISS to evaluate multidisciplinary emergency team response to anaphylaxis.
Improving stroke clinical guideline adherence in an Australian hospital using a clinician-led implementation process

ABSTRACT Background Private hospitals in Australia manage 11% of acute and 48% of rehabilitation stroke admissions, yet little is known about implementation of stroke clinical guidelines in this setting. Clinical guidelines recommend that acute stroke patients be co-located in a stroke unit in a geographically defined area, rather than dispersed across the hospital. Objective To investigate post-intervention adherence to clinical guidelines for stroke management, and to explore staff barriers and facilitators to guideline implementation. Methods Observational study before-and-after local implementation of Australian stroke clinical guidelines. The primary outcome was a change in the proportion of patients who were physically co-located in an acute stroke unit. Secondary outcomes included changes in adherence to additional acute and rehabilitation guideline criteria, and staff identification of barriers and facilitators to guide implementation. Data were collected from medical record audits, health service information and staff surveys. Results Co-location in an acute stroke unit did not change significantly after guideline implementation (49% adherence pre-intervention and 54% post-intervention). Across acute and rehabilitation wards, 15% (11/72) of guideline criteria improved (p < .05). These related to assessments of swallowing and neglect, presence of a stroke care co-ordinator and occupational therapist, post-discharge care plan, provision of patient education and return to driving. Facilitators to guideline implementation included staff education, collaboration, and dissemination of user-friendly stroke policies. Conclusion Stroke clinical guideline implementation led to a favorable uptake of some criteria, yet not all. Implementation was assisted by staff education, user-friendly stroke policies and multidisciplinary team collaboration. Trial registration ANZCTR: registration number ACTRN12616000646448 (http://www.ANZCTR.org.au/ACTRN12616000646448.aspx).
MURPHREE FESTSCHRIFT: CASE REPORT Retinal and optic nerve relapse in retinoblastoma secondary to epiretinal and epipapillary vitreous seeds implantation documented by optical coherence tomography

Background: Retinal retinoblastoma growth phenotypes can be endophytic, exophytic, diffuse infiltrating or anterior diffuse. Herein, we describe a novel tumor growth pattern in two patients. Material and Methods: Imaging with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) Results: Both cases were diagnosed with unilateral group D retinoblastoma treated with first-line or bridge intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC). Case 1 had a new intravitreal/epiretinal relapse 3 months after brachytherapy and intravitreal chemotherapy. SD-OCT showed a disruption of the inner limiting membrane (INL) underneath a parapapillary epiretinal seed. The intravitreal/epiretinal disease completely regressed with intravitreal melphalan. Three months later, an isolated intraretinal growth was documented on SD-OCT at the site of previously INL disruption, which was treated by thermotherapy. He remained disease-free at 1-year follow-up with 0.6 visual acuity. Case 2 was seen 2 months after treatment interruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Fundus examination showed a massive intravitreal/epipapillary invasion completely obscuring the papilla. Salvage treatment of this seeing eye consisted of combined intra-arterial and intravitreal melphalan and topotecan injections. An infraclinical papillary regrowth 4 months later was treated with additional IAC. Six months later, enucleation was performed due to an infraclinical papillary relapse with suspicion of intralaminar invasion. Histopathology showed retrolaminar optic nerve invasion with tumor-free surgical section. The child received four cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy and remained disease-free at 1-year follow-up. Conclusion: Epiretinal/epipapillary vitreous seeding can be the source of a secondary intraretinal/optic nerve head relapse. SD-OCT is instrumental to follow such cases. Enucleation remains the safest option if secondary optic nerve invasion is suspected. ARTICLE HISTORY Received October 25, 2022 Revised October 29, 2022 Accepted October 25, 2022
Acidity‐Triggered Transformable Polypeptide Self‐Assembly to Initiate Tumor‐Specific Biomineralization

Biomineralization is a normal physiological process that includes nucleation, crystal growth, phase transformation, and orientation evolution. Notably, artificially induced biomineralization in the tumor tissue has emerged as an unconventional yet promising modality for malignancy therapy. However, the modest ion‐chelating capabilities of carboxyl‐containing biomineralization initiators lead to a deficient blockade, thus compromising antitumor efficacy. Herein, a biomineralization‐inducing nanoparticle (BINP) is developed for blockade therapy of osteosarcoma. BINP is composed of dodecylamine‐poly((γ‐dodecyl‐l‐glutamate)‐co‐(l‐histidine))‐block‐poly(l‐glutamate‐graft‐alendronate) and combines a cytomembrane‐insertion moiety, a tumor‐microenvironment (TME)‐responsive component, and an ion‐chelating motif. After intravenous injection into osteosarcoma‐bearing mice, BINP responds to the acidic TME to expose the dodecyl group on the surface of the expanded nanoparticles, facilitating their cytomembrane insertion. Subsequently, the protruding bisphosphonic acid group triggers continuous ion deposition to construct a mineralized barrier around the tumor, which blocks substance exchange between the tumor and surrounding normal tissues. The BINP‐mediated blockade therapy displays tumor inhibition rates of 59.3% and 52.1% for subcutaneous and orthotopic osteosarcomas, respectively, compared with the Control group. In addition, the suppression of osteoclasts by the alendronate moiety alleviates bone dissolution and further inhibits pulmonary metastases. Hence, the BINP‐initiated selective biomineralization provides a promising alternative for clinical osteosarcoma therapy.
Phytochemical study of Lantana camara flowers, ecotoxicity, antioxidant, in vitro and in silico acetylcholinesterase: molecular docking, MD, and MM/GBSA calculations

Abstract Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae), commonly called lead cambará, has often been used in folk medicine as antiseptic, antispasmodic, against hemorrhages, flu, colds, and diarrheic. This plant is considered a weed and an ornamental and medicinal plant and is an essential source of natural organic compounds, mainly flavonoids. This work aims to investigate the chemical composition and evaluate the biological properties such as antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase of the constituents from L. camara flowers. In addition, the computational simulation was carried out with the constituents identified. The results showed that methanolic extract of the flowers of L. camara presents toxicity, antioxidant activity with 97.8% inhibition percentage in the concentration of 0.25 mg mL−1 against the DPPH radical, and acetylcholinesterase activity. The phytochemical study of extract from L. camara flowers resulted in LC-MS identification of 18 polyphenolic compounds, such as phenolic acid derivatives, phenylethanoid glycosides, and flavonoids. In the in silico study, flavonoid isoverbascoside showed affinity energy of −9.9 kcal.mol−1 with the AChE enzyme. Their phytochemical content, mainly the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in L. camara extracts, may be related to the antioxidant and anticholinesterase potential observed. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Aspects of Noncommutativity and Holography in Field Theory and String Theory

This thesis addresses two topics: noncommutative Yang-Mills theories and the AdS/CFT correspondence. In the first part we study a partial summation of the theta-expanded perturbation theory. The latter allows one to define noncommutative Yang-Mills theories with arbitrary gauge groups G as a perturbation expansion in the noncommutativity parameter theta. We show that for G being a subgroup of U(N) that is not identical to U(M) with M<N, one does not find a finite set of theta-summed Feynman rules. In the second part we study quantities which are important for the realization of the holographic principle in the AdS/CFT correspondence: boundaries, geodesics and the propagators of scalar fields. They should play a role in the holographic setup in the BMN limit as well. We observe how these quantities behave in the limiting process from AdS_5 x S^5 to the 10-dimensional plane wave which is the spacetime in the BMN limit.
Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the US in 2019.

Importance Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss and blindness. AMD prevalence has not been estimated for the US in over a decade and early-stage AMD prevalence estimates are scarce and inconsistently measured. Objective To produce estimates of early- and late-stage AMD prevalence overall and by age, gender, race and ethnicity, county, and state. Design, Setting, and Participants The study team conducted a bayesian meta-regression analysis of relevant data sources containing information on the prevalence of AMD among different population groups in the US. Data Sources We included data from the American Community Survey (2019), the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2008), US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services claims for fee-for-service beneficiaries (2018), and population-based studies (2004-2016). Study Selection We included all relevant data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Vision and Eye Health Surveillance System. Data Extraction and Synthesis The prevalence of early- and late-stage AMD was estimated and stratified when possible by factors including county, age group, gender, and race and ethnicity. Data analysis occurred from June 2021 to April 2022. Main Outcomes or Measures The prevalence of early- (defined as retinal pigment epithelium abnormalities or the presence of drusen 125 or more microns in diameter in either eye) and late-stage (defined as choroidal neovascularization and/or geographic atrophy in either eye) manifestations of AMD. Results This study used data from nationally representative and local population-based studies that represent the populations in which they were conducted. For 2019, we estimated that there were 18.34 million people 40 years and older (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 15.30-22.03) living with early-stage AMD, corresponding to a crude prevalence rate of 11.64% (95% UI, 9.71-13.98). We estimated there were 1.49 million people 40 years and older (95% UI, 0.97-2.15) living with late-stage AMD, corresponding to a crude prevalence rate of 0.94% (95% UI, 0.62-1.36). Prevalence rates of early- and late-stage AMD varied by demographic characteristics and geography. Conclusions and Relevance We estimated a higher prevalence of early-stage AMD and a similar prevalence of late-stage AMD as compared with earlier studies. State-level and county-level AMD estimates may help guide public health practice.
A mixed-methods study of factors influencing postpartum intrauterine device uptake after family planning counseling among women in Kigali, Rwanda

Introduction Rwanda has high unmet need for family planning (FP), especially in the postpartum period when women are advised to space pregnancies at least two years for improved maternal-child health. Despite interest in the copper intrauterine device (IUD), a highly cost-effective method, access and uptake remain low. This study aimed to determine factors associated with postpartum IUD (PPIUD) uptake after postpartum family planning (PPFP) counseling as well as provider perceptions of facilitators and barriers to clients’ PPIUD uptake. Methods Postpartum women who received PPFP counseling and were less than 6 weeks postpartum were recruited for a case-control study in Kigali, Rwanda in 2018. We recruited n = 74 women who had accepted and n = 91 women who had declined the PPIUD. Multivariate logistic regression analyses evaluated associations between women’s socio-demographics, FP knowledge and decision-making, and the outcome of PPIUD uptake. Six focus groups (FGs) were conducted with FP providers (n = 24) and community health workers (n = 17) trained to deliver PPFP counseling to assess perceptions of PPFP counseling and facilitators and barriers to PPIUD uptake. FG discussions were recorded, translated, and analyzed for themes. Results Factors associated (P<0.1) with PPIUD uptake included citing its non-hormonal nature, effectiveness, and duration of protection against pregnancy as advantages. Exclusive male partner control over FP decisions (relative to women’s control or joint decision-making) was associated with non-use. Overall, limited knowledge about some aspects of the PPIUD persisted among clients even after counseling. Provider FGs highlighted client concerns, inconsistent FP messaging, and lack of male partner involvement as factors influencing non-use. Conclusions Knowledge of the IUD and its benefits was associated with PPIUD uptake. There is need to refine PPFP counseling messages to address remaining knowledge gaps and concerns. Additionally, male partner involvement in FP counseling and decisions with their partners could be a key strategy to increase both PPIUD and FP uptake in Rwanda.
Dateneffiziente selbstlernende neuronale Regler

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht den Entwurf und die Anwendung selb stl rnender Regler als intelligente Reglerkomponente im Wirkungsablauf eines Regelkreises für regelungstechnische Anwendungen. Der aufwändige Prozess der Analyse des dyn amischen Systems und der Reglersynthese, welche die klassischen Entwurfsmuster der Regelu ngst chnik benötigen, wird dabei ersetzt durch eine lernende Reglerkomponente. Diese kann mit sehr wenig Wissen über den zu regelnden Prozess eingesetzt werden und lernt dire kt du ch Interaktion eine präzise Regelung auf extern vorgegebene Führungsgrößen. Der L ernvorgang basiert dabei auf einem Optimierungsprozess mit einem leistungsfähigen Batch-Reinforcemen t-Lernverfahren, dem ’Neural Fitted Q-Iteration’. Dieses Verfahren wird auf seine Verw endung als selbstlernender Regler untersucht. Für die in den Untersuchungen festgestellten Unzulänglichkeiten des Verfahrens bezüglich der geforderten präzisen, zeitoptimalen Reg elung werden verbesserte Vorgehensweisen entwickelt, die ebenfalls auf ihre Leistungsfähigkeit untersucht werden. Für typische regelungstechnische Problemstellungen sind die diskreten Ak ionen des NFQVerfahrens nicht ausreichend, um eine präzise Regelung auf beliebig Führungsgrößen zu erzeugen. Durch die Entwicklung einer Erweiterung des NFQ für kontinuier lich Aktionen wird die Genauigkeit und Leistungsfähigkeit der selbstlernenden Regler dra stisch erhöht, ohne die benötigte Interaktionszeit am Prozess zu erhöhen. An ausgewählten Pr oblemen der Regelung linearer und nichtlinearer Prozesse wird die Leistungsfähigkeit der entw ickelten Verfahren empirisch evaluiert. Es zeigt sich dabei, dass die hier entwickelten selbstlerne nde Regler mit wenigen Minuten Interaktionszeit an einem Prozess eine präzise Regelun gsstrategie für beliebige externe Führungsgrößen lernen, ohne dass Expertenwissen üb er den Prozess vorliegt.
Observations of solar small-scale magnetic flux-sheet emergence

Aims. Two types of flux emergence were recently discovered in numerical simulations: magnetic loops and magnetic sheet emergence. While magnetic loop emergence has been documented well in recent years using high-resolution full Stokes data from ground-based telescopes as well as satellites, magnetic sheet emergence is still an understudied process. We report here on the first clear observational evidence of a magnetic sheet emergence and characterise its development. Methods. Full Stokes spectra from the Hinode spectropolarimeter were inverted with the Stokes Inversion based on Response functions (SIR) code to obtain solar atmospheric parameters such as temperature, line-of-sight velocities, and full magnetic field vector information. Results. We analyse a magnetic flux emergence event observed in the quiet-Sun internetwork. After a large-scale appearance of linear polarisation, a magnetic sheet with horizontal magnetic flux density of up to 194 Mx cm−2 hovers in the low photosphere spanning a region of 2–3 arcsec. The magnetic field azimuth obtained through Stokes inversions clearly shows an organised structure of transversal magnetic flux density emerging. The granule below the magnetic flux sheet tears the structure apart leaving the emerged flux to form several magnetic loops at the edges of the granule. Conclusions. A large amount of flux with strong horizontal magnetic fields surfaces through the interplay of buried magnetic flux and convective motions. The magnetic flux emerges within 10 minutes and we find a longitudinal magnetic flux at the foot points of the order of ∼1018 Mx. This is one to two orders of magnitude larger than what has been reported for small-scale magnetic loops. The convective flows feed the newly emerged flux into the pre-existing magnetic population on a granular scale.