Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Summarizing the differences in multilingual news

There usually exist many news articles written in different languages about a hot news event. The news articles in different languages are written in different ways to reflect different standpoints. For example, the Chinese news agencies and the Western news agencies have published many articles to report the same news of "Liu Xiaobo's Nobel Prize" in Chinese and English languages, respectively. The Chinese news articles and the English news articles share something about the news fact in common, but they focus on different aspects in order to reflect different standpoints about the event. In this paper, we investigate the task of multilingual news summarization for the purpose of finding and summarizing the major differences between the news articles about the same event in the Chinese and English languages. We propose a novel constrained co-ranking (C-CoRank) method for addressing this special task. The C-CoRank method adds the constraints between the difference score and the common score of each sentence to the co-ranking process. Evaluation results on the manually labeled test set with 15 news topics show the effectiveness of our proposed method, and the constrained co-ranking method can outperform a few baselines and the typical co-ranking method.
Forecasting the Trade Outcomes of Liberalization in a Quota Context—What Do We Learn From Changes in Textiles Trade After the ATC?

The liberalization of clothing and textiles trade on 1 January 2005 under the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC), gives us a very interesting real world example of the impact of liberalizing quota restrictions on markets and, by implication, the impact on markets of quotas themselves. Several efforts were made to forecast the outcome prior to liberalization. The most comprehensive used CGE models based on the GTAP database. This article looks at the actual impacts of liberalization, particularly on the EU market, but also on the United States. It finds that, although models forecast some elements of the outcome reasonably accurately—specifically the large increases for China and India—other forecasts were less accurate. In particular, the heavy losses of the Asian tigers—especially Korea and Taiwan—were not anticipated. The fact is that ATC quota restrictions, by limiting competition on protected markets, were to some extent, also protecting certain less competitive suppliers’ market share.
Organizational Culture, Innovativeness and Market Orientation in Hong Kong Five Years After Handover

Abstract The 1997 handover of Hong Kong to the Peoples' Republic of China (PRC) constituted a unique “natural experiment” for Hong Kong firms. The arrangement of “one country, two systems” promised for 50 years was unprecedented, and the related managerial waters were largely uncharted. This paper examines aspects of marketing-related organizational behavior as well as changes aspects of personal values of managers in Hong Kong and the PRC. The framework of a Modified Competing Values model augmented with results on managerial reaction to environmental change is used to frame hypotheses. Two samples of senior managers of Hong Kong firms which compete in business-to-business markets are examined for changes between 1997 and 2001. In establishing bench-marks with mainland Chinese firms for these comparisons, we find unsurprising differences between a sample of PRC firms, which were more bureaucratic and less competitive than the Hong Kong firms at handover. We find significant changes between 1997 and 2001 both in the averages of organizational measurements of Hong Kong firms and in the measured personal values of Hong Kong managers. Most changes are in the direction of similar measurements on the mainland Chinese firms at handover. The regression weights of marketing-related “success factors” to firm performance were unchanged over time in Hong Kong. Success in Hong Kong was and is more related to market orientation than to innovativeness.
Testing for the Ratchet Effect in the R&D Tax Credit

Abstract Many countries have implemented the R&D tax credit to encourage firms’ R&D spending. The design of the tax credit is important for its effectiveness. Some countries such as Korea, Taiwan, Japan, France and the US have employed an incremental R&D tax credit system. The US case that made a major change in its design from the moving average base to the fixed base in calculating the credit provides us with a natural experiment to measure the effectiveness of the tax credit from the perspective of the ratchet effect. By applying an endogenous switching regression model to US manufacturing firm data, we attempt to measure the ratchet effect of R&D credit on firms’ R&D investment. According to the empirical results, the R&D tax credit policy has been effective with the price elasticity, –1.818, for the qualified firms, and the re-design of R&D credit improved the positive impact of R&D credit. This provides some policy implication for those countries that adopted an incremental credit system. In addition, our result suggests the existence of selectivity bias in the previous literature.
Industrial Park Development across the Taiwan Strait

The growth of Taiwan's manufacturing investments in China has bred an emerging cross-border industrial park development. This paper investigates the processes involved by exploring the interactive relations between the nation-states and actors concerned. In the context of the cross-border political tensions between Taiwan and China, the roles played by the two states are extensively examined. A case study of Kunshan Science Park in Suzhou is also discussed in detail. It is concluded that the industrial park development across Taiwan Strait is socially constructed through the interactions of vertical and horizontal governance within interfirm, intrafirm and extrafirm networks, upon which the states and related political economies across the Strait have imposed particular influences.
Influences on Taiwanese SME E-Marketplace Adoption Decisions

Abstract E-marketplaces began to receive considerable interest in the late 1990s, and after going through a gloomy period from 1999 through 2002, e-marketplaces now appear set to make a major contribution to the business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce market. However, in the past years, the rate of adoption of e-marketplaces among Taiwanese small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has remained lower than expected. This low adoption rate is particularly difficult to understand given that the Taiwanese government has constructed one of the highest quality national information infrastructures in the world, and has encouraged SMEs to seek global trade opportunities over time. Accordingly, this work explores the influences on Taiwanese SME decisions regarding e-marketplace adoption.
Current Management of the Hemophilic Child: A Demanding Interlocutor. Quality of Life and Adequate Cost-Efficacy Analysis

Hemophilias are the most known inherited bleeding disorders. The challenges in the management of hemophilic children are different from those in adults: prophylaxis regimen removed the hallmark of crippling disease with lifelong disabilities; individualized regimens are being implemented in order to overcome venous access problems. Presently, at least in high-income countries, advances in treatment of hemophilia resulted in continuous improvement of the patients’ quality of life and life expectancy. Inhibitors remain the most severe complication of hemophilia therapy. The treatment’ compliance is the key to achieve a successful management. The patient, his family, the medical and psychological team are the players of a comprehensive care system. The current management of hemophilic children is the example of huge resource investments enabling long-term benefits in particular quality of life as a primary objective of the healthcare process.
Environment Impact Assessments in developing economies

Purpose: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is scientific and legal system for identifying and introducing measures to prevent environmental adverse impacts caused by development project. Developing countries have continuously and vigorously pursued economic growth; they have awakened to the fact that there is need for environmental compliance. This is evident in the numerous contemporary debates on various environmental issues and the increased awareness among the citizenry about environmental matters. Conclusions: In Africa, many countries have instituted EIA regulations relatively recently. The adoption of EIAs in Africa is the result of a number of recent initiatives, including the 1995 African Ministerial Conference on Environment that committed African environment ministers to formalize the use of EIAs, an EIA stakeholders meeting in Nairobi in 1998, and the work of the Pan-African Initiative for Capacity Development and Linkages for EIA in Africa (CLEIAA). The Asian countries vary in terms of legislation, ranging from none to very recent and not widely applied legislation to extensive and robust EIA regulation set within a broader planning framework (Japan, Hong Kong, South Korea). Briffett asserts that many EIAs in the poorer Asian countries are of inadequate quality, with poor scoping, poor impact prediction, and limited public participation. This is largely attributed to the fact that most of these countries are preoccupied with economic growth, and EIAs are considered potential brakes on economic growth. Policy Recommendations: This study provides implications for both policy and practice. This study recommends that developing countries should borrow a leaf from developed countries on EIA systems in their quest to attain sustainable development.
To Be or Not to Be Part of Greater China: Social Development in the Post‐Ma Taiwan

Since the beginning of the 21st century, Taiwan has transitioned towards democratization. In 2000, the young opposition party, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), defeated and replaced the authoritarian ruling party, the Kuomintang (KMT), for the first time. However, this critical political change failed to meet the social reform expectations of the people, which resulted in the triumph of the KMT in the presidential election in 2008. The same story was repeated in 2016 when the KMT and President Ma Ying-jeou lost their legitimacy to the public, and they were replaced by the current President Tsai Ing-wen, the DPP leader. This article interprets the extremely difficult policy choice of Taiwan towards China and how its relationship with China shapes social development issues behind these political changes. Democratization has long been regarded as the main driving force for East Asian welfare development, especially with the cases of Taiwan and Korea. However, in conclusion, this article argues the importance of globalization in shaping domestic politics and managing welfare expectations.
Assessing the quality of democracy

The latest volume in this popular series focuses on the best ways to evaluate and improve the quality of new democratic regimes. The essays in part one elaborate and refine several themes of democratic quality: the rule of law, accountability, freedom, equality, and responsiveness. The second part features six comparative cases, each of which applies these thematic elements to two neighboring countries: Brazil and Chile, South Africa and Ghana, Italy and Spain, Romania and Poland, India and Bangladesh, and Taiwan and Korea. Contributors: David Beetham, University of Leeds; Yun-han Chu, National Taiwan University; Larry Diamond, Hoover Institution; Sumit Ganguly, University of Texas-Austin; E. Gyimah-Boadi, Center for Democratic Development, Ghana; Frances Hagopian, University of Notre Dame; Robert Mattes, University of Cape Town; Leonardo Morlino, University of Florence; Alina Mungiu-Pippidi, Romanian Academic Society; Guillermo O'Donnell, University of Notre Dame; Marc F. Plattner, International Forum for Democratic Studies; G. Bingham Powell, Jr., University of Rochester; Dietrich Rueschemeyer, Brown University; Philippe C. Schmitter, European University Institute, Florence; Doh Chull Shin, University of Missouri at Columbia.
HLA-DRB1*0404 is strongly associated with high titers of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE To test whether the presence of RA associated HLA-DRB1*0101, HLA-DRB1*0401 and HLA-DRB1*0404 alleles individually influences anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) production. METHODS The frequency of anti-CCP antibodies was calculated in the sera of 260 RA patients expressing either two (double dose genotypes SE+/SE+), one (single dose genotypes SE+/SE-) or no RA associated HLA-DR alleles (SE-/SE-). Anti-CCP antibodies titers were also determined. RESULTS RA associated HLA-DR alleles are not mandatory for production of anti-CCP. We found that 68% of SE-/SE- patients were anti-CCP positive. There was no significant difference in anti-CCP between SE negative patient (SE-/SE-) and patients expressing at least one SE (SE+/SE+ and SE+/SE-) (p=0.140). We observed no statistical difference in anti-CCP between RA patients expressing one or two SE (82% vs. 77%, p=0.577). Among SE+/SE-patients, HLA-DRB1*0404 was associated with anti-CCP with a statistically significant difference compared with SE negative patients (90% anti-CCP positive, p=0.02). HLA-DRB1*0404 was also associated with high titers of anti CCP with a statistically significant difference compared with HLA-DRB1*0401 and HLA-DRB1*0101 patients (p=0.025). CONCLUSIONS The RA-associated HLA-DRB1*0404 allele was the most strongly associated with the presence of anti-CCP in RA sera. Moreover, HLA-DRB1*0404 patients had higher titers of anti CCP than patients with other RA associated HLA-DR alleles.
Participative and Effective Community Leadership Practice in Malaysia

This article discussed effective leadership from various theories. The dominant ideas on leadership initially begin with the traits theory, followed by behavior theory, situational theory and integrative theory. In analyzing these theories, one key theme emerged that contribute to effective leadership. It is the participative leadership style that was used in various forms such as the democratic, people-oriented and team leadership. Studies in Malaysia indicated that participative leadership is the key to a success of future public leadership in Malaysia. Ming-Yi Wu conducted comparative studies of participative leadership and concluded that it is culturally bound. There are differences between particpative leadership practiced in Taiwan, Japan and the United States. Furthermore, the researcher noted that most leadership studies are western biased, and thus there is a need to conduct studies in other cultures. This study focused on participative leadership among community leaders in Malaysia. It is based on a qualitative study, involving the in-depth interviews of eight Chairmen of Neighborhood Associations in Malaysia. The interview was recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded and analyzed into themes. One of the emerging themes from the findings relate to participative leadership. In conducting various leadership roles in the community, the leaders have to use the participative leadership approach in order to be more effective. However, the participation levels that the leaders can involve others in community efforts vary with situations.
Post-purchase shipping and customer service experiences in online shopping and their impact on customer satisfaction: An empirical study with comparison

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the role of post-purchase logistic services on customer satisfaction and future purchase decision, to reveal any differences across China and Taiwan, to fill in a gap in the literature focused on post-purchase logistic activities related to shipping, return, and tracking, to provide managerial guidance in logistics for e-commerce, and to develop insights on logistic services for future research. Design/methodology/approach Using a validated survey instrument, 384 respondents in China and 145 respondents in Taiwan are collected. The research model is analyzed using component-based estimation approach to structural equation modeling. Findings The structural equation analysis of the study found that post-purchase shipping and tracking have an impact on customer satisfaction in both China and Taiwan. It also found that customer service is the most significant factor among the examined antecedents for online shoppers in China. While, return service is more important for shoppers in Taiwan. Finally, customer satisfaction played a stronger positive role for online shoppers in Taiwan as compared to their counterparts in China. Research limitations/implications This research extended the current literature about post-purchase logistic services in an online shopping environment with a literature-based research model and good empirical data support. However, one limitation of the study is that the data collected represents a cross-sectional sample; future research should examine longitudinal sample to study customers’ purchase intentions over time. Practical implications This study can help both scholars and practitioners understand the importance of tracking, return, shipping, and customer service in an online shopping environment and across countries. It provides insights on designing e-commerce relevant shipping services to satisfy and attract customers across countries. Originality/value The study investigated how post-purchase activities contributed to customer satisfaction in online shopping and explored the influence of customer satisfaction on future purchase intention in China and Taiwan. This is one of the first studies available in the literature to provide empirical support and managerial insights about post-purchase activities related to shipping, tracking, and returns for e-commerce with cross-regional comparison.
Prevalence, genotypes, and an isolate (HC‐C2) of hepatitis C virus in Chinese patients with liver disease

China has not been extensively investigated for the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among people with or without liver disease. We analyzed serum from 2,177 liver disease patients from 7 cities in different areas of China. Of 435 acute hepatitis patients, only 11% were positive for HCV RNA, while hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in 33%. Of 1,668 patients with chronic liver disease, 14% and 74% were positive for HCV RNA and HBsAg, respectively. Nearly 80% of non‐B chronic liver disease were negative for HCV RNA. The frequency of HCV RNA in chronic liver disease was significantly higher in Hami (32%) and Shenyang (30%) than in other cities (6–12%). The HCV genotype distribution varied by region. Genotype III was detected in 46–70% of HCV infections in Hami, Shenyang, and Lanzhou, while more than 90% of patients from southern cities (Nanjing, Nanning, and Chengdu) had genotype II. No evidence for genotype I or IV infections was found. A fulllength HCV genome sequence (HC‐C2) derived from a Beijing patient with genotype II was closely related to previous isolates from Japanese and Taiwanese patients. These results suggest that HCV prevalence and genotype distribution vary from region to region in China, and that the HCV now predominant in China may have evolved epidemiologically with infections in Japan and Taiwan. The study identified a high frequency of non‐B, non‐C chronic liver disease in China, suggesting possibly a new agent or infections with extreme variants of HCV. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real GDP in Pre-War East Asia: A 1934-36 Benchmark Purchasing Power Parity Comparison With the U.S.

This article provides estimates of purchasing power parity (PPP) converters for expenditure side GDP of Japan/China and Japan/U.S through a detailed matching of prices for more than 50 types of goods and services in private consumption and about 20 items or sectors for investment and government expenditure. Based on our finding and linking with the earlier studies on the relative price levels of Taiwan and Korea, we derive the mid-1930s benchmark PPP adjusted per capita income of Japan, China, Taiwan and Korea at 31%, 10%, 23%, and 12% of the U.S. level respectively for the mid-1930s. These estimates corrected the consistent downward bias in East Asian income levels based on market exchange rate conversions. While confirming Angus Maddison's estimates for China and Taiwan based on the 1990 benchmark back-projection method, they do point to a 23% and 85% overestimate in his comparable figures for Japan and Korea respectively for the mid-1930s period. This article develops a preliminary theoretical and empirical framework to demonstrate the possible source of the biases in the back-projection method. We briefly discuss the implications of our findings on the initial conditions and long-term growth dynamics in East Asia and beyond.
A Perinatal Audit of Stillbirths in a Teaching Hospital in Hong Kong

EDITORIAL COMMENT: We have accepted this paper for publication became of the excellence of the results obtained in Hong Kong. We have previously reported in this Journal the low incidence of prematurity in Hong Kong and other Asian countries and this may be an important reason why the results published here are superior to those reported from Victoria (A). In Victoria in 1991 the stillbirth rate using the 500 g birth‐weight criterion was 5.8 per 1,000 total births and in 1992 the figure was 4.9 per 1,000. In 1992 the perinatal mortality rate in Victoria was 7.8 per 1,000 births which was a remarkable improvement on 1991 when the figure was 9.2 per 1,000. Perinatal mortality rates in teaching hospitals in Australia are almost double those of the State as a whole. For instance in the triennium 1987–1989 the perinatal mortality rate at the Mercy Hospital for Women was 14.7 per 1,000 total births. This is explained by referral of high‐risk patients especially women in premature labour or with premature rupture of the membranes. Deliveries between 20 and 28 weeks' gestation accounted for 45% of the perinatal deaths in the Mercy Hospital for Women figures referred to above for the 1987–1989 triennium. These figures are given to emphasize the excellence of the perinatal results reported in this paper from a level 3 hospital with a very high proportion of nonbooked patients. The authors were asked to include a statement about the number of terminations done for malformations of babies weighing less than 500 g at birth since this could have a potent influence on the stillbirth rate. For comparison in 1991 in Victoria there were 375 stillbirths (5.8 per 1,000 births) but excluded from this total were 138 terminations of pregnancy after prenatal diagnosis of a malformation before 20 weeks' gestation.
The Impact of Political Tensions on Trade Flows : A Case Study of China and Its Neighbors

This thesis contributes to the study of the impact of political tensions on international trade patterns. China has been involved in many regional political tensions with its neighboring countries in the last decade, and it is essential to find out whether these tensions have impact on China’s trade flows with its neighbors. This thesis applies gravity model with quarterly data of China’s trade flows, with its ten biggest Asian trading neighbours during the period 2007 to 2017. By using the new measurement of political tension (the protests from China’s Foreign Ministry, Hong Kong & Taiwan Affairs offices), this thesis finds that the political tensions have negative impact on China’s imports from its neighboring trading partners, but no impact on China’s exports. Political tensions not only have negative impact on China’s imports at the present period, but also can affect China’s imports for the next quarter. This thesis also finds that joining the same regional trade agreement with China can decrease the negative impact of political tensions on trade flows.