Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The EU WFD and the river basin management plans in Spain

The European water framework directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC, establishes a framework for community action in the field of water policy, introducing a new perspective from a modern view of water policy to all Member States of the European Union, with important consequences for future water management. This paper reviews the status of the implementation of the EU water framework directive in Spain focusing on river basin management plans, which are an essential tool established by the EU water framework directive to reach the environmental objectives in the European Union water bodies. Spain has a long tradition in water resources planning and current plans, the main aim of which is to allocate water resources to water uses. These plans are being revised and extended to include water protection requirements derived from the EU water framework directive. Recently, specific and related plans, such as drought management plans, have been approved.
Simultaneous observations of lower thermospheric composition change during moderate auroral activity from Kangerlussuaq and Narsarsuaq, Greenland

To obtain information regarding the spatial scales involved in lower thermospheric composition changes in the auroral zone, simultaneous observations were carried out using photometers at Kangerlussuaq and Narsarsuaq, Greenland, two sites separated by ∼750 km in distance. At night, Kangerlussuaq, located at 67°N geographic is most often at the northern edge of the auroral oval, while Narsarsuaq, at the southern tip of Greenland, is more often in or at the southern edge of the auroral oval. On January 29–30, 1998, moderate auroral activity was recorded from both sites. Besides the photometer systems, observations were obtained during part or all of this period from Polar satellite instruments, from the Greenland magnetometer chain, from the CANOPUS chain of magnetometers and photometers, from DMSP, and from the Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar. The analysis of these data show the necessity of considering both nonlocal and local sources in modeling aurorally induced changes in lower thermospheric composition.
On flow and work hardening expression correlations in metallic single crystal plasticity

Proposition d'une formulation generale dans laquelle les associations usuelles loi d'ecoulement-loi d'ecrouissage peuvent s'interpreter comme des cas particuliers associes a des hypotheses que l'on s'efforce d'etablir. Justification de cette formulation generale par une description microstructurale des mecanismes mis en jeu, basee sur l'introduction dans l'expression de la densite de dislocations primaires et dans celle du glissement sur les differents systemes, d'une distribution des segments de dislocations activables
CONTABILIDADE PÚBLICA COMO INSTRUMENTOS DE PREVISÃO DO ÍNDICE DE DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO NA DIMENSÃO RENDA PARA OS MUNICÍPIOS DO ESTADO DO PARANÁ

The present study seeks to contribute with the elaboration of new knowledges relative to the impact of public expenses on the formation of the local Human Development Index (local HDI) on income dimension. The theory of the study regards aspects of externalities and public assets and emphasizing the relationship of human development and income. The research of this study is an explain research, with quantitative and qualitative analysis. The instrument used on the research is the regression analysis, with multiple regressions using eighty seven independent variables, ten of them, non accounting variables and seventy seve accounting variables. To do all the necessary procedures to achieve the purposed objectives, seven statistical models were done. The report was concluded showing that local HDI has relation with financial and non-financial variables. At the end of the report, there are some possibilities of deepening of these subjects in new researches.
Seismic reflection and refraction studies of the Raukumara forearc basin, New Zealand

Abstract Single-channel seismic reflection and sonobuoy seismic refraction data provide information on the stratigraphic and tectonic history of the Raukumara Basin, a forearc basin lying to the northeast of New Zealand. The basin covers an area of about 250×80 km and contains at least 4 km of Tertiary or younger sediments. Four main seismic-stratigraphic sequences with compressional velocities of 1.8–4.0 km/s have been delineated. These sequences indicate several episodes of filling of the forearc basin and uplift of its outer ridge. Basin sediments have probably been supplied from the Kermadec volcanic arc to the west and the outer ridge of the basin, the East Cape Ridge, and the New Zealand continent to the southeast. Basement cannot always be identified on the reflection records, but seismic velocities of 4.5–5.0 km/s on the refraction data are assumed to correspond to basement. One major intrabasinal unconformity, tentatively dated at about 5 Ma from its association with a dredged limestone of Early .
Modelling spatial uncertainty of soil erodibility factor using joint stochastic simulation

Soil erosion varies greatly over space and is commonly estimated using the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). Neglecting information about estimation uncertainty, however, may lead to improper decision‐making. One geostatistical approach to spatial analysis is joint stochastic simulation, which draws alternative, equally probable, joint realizations of a regionalized variable. Differences between the realizations provide a measure of spatial uncertainty and allow us to carry out an error propagation analysis.
A record of Late Pleistocene and Holocene carbon accumulation and climate change from an equatorial peat bog (Kalimantan, Indonesia): implications for past, present and future carbon dynamics

A 9.5 m core from an inland peatland in Kalimantan, Indonesia, reveals organic matter accumulation started around 26 000 cal. yr BP, providing the oldest reported initiation date for lowland ombrotrophic peat formation in SE Asia. The core shows clear evidence for differential rates of peat formation and carbon storage. A short period of initial accumulation is followed by a slow rate during the LGM, with fastest accumulation during the Holocene. Between ∼13 000 and 8000 cal. yr BP, > 450 cm of peat were deposited, with highest rates of peat (> 2 mm yr−1) and carbon (> 90 g C m−2 yr−1) accumulation between 9530 and 8590 cal. yr BP. These data suggest that Kalimantan peatlands acted as a large sink of atmospheric CO2 at this time. Slower rates of peat (0.15–0.38 mm yr−1) and carbon (7.4–24.0 g C m−2 yr−1) accumulation between ∼8000 and 500 cal. yr BP coincide with rapid peat formation in coastal locations elsewhere in SE Asia. The average LORCA (long‐term apparent carbon accumulation rate) for the 9.5 m core is 56 g C m−2 yr−1. These data suggest that studies of global carbon sources, sinks and their dynamics need to include information on the past and present sizeable peat deposits of the tropics. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impacts of climate change on methane emissions from wetlands

We have included climate‐sensitive methane emissions from wetlands within the GISS climate model using a linear parameterization derived from a detailed process model. The geographic distribution of wetlands is also climate–dependent. Doubled CO2 simulations using this model show an increase in annual average wetland methane emissions from 156 to 277 Tg/yr, a rise of 78%. The bulk of this increase is due to enhanced emissions from existing tropical wetlands. Additionally, high northern latitude wetland areas expand and emissions nearly triple during Northern summer. The global increase represents ∼20% of present‐day inventories. These large values indicate that the potential response of natural emissions to climate change merit greater study, and should be included in projections of future global warming and tropospheric pollution.
Late pleistocene ice fluctuations and glacial geomorphology of the archipiélago de chiloé, southern chile

Abstract Most of the last glacial maximum (LGM) glacier record west of the southern Andes (40–55° S) is today submerged under the Pacific Ocean and therefore the Archipiélago de Chiloé (42–43° S) provides an unusual opportunity to study local sediment and landform associations to help understand paleoglacial features of the former Patagonian ice sheet (PIS). In this context, this work presents the first comprehensive glacial geomorphologic mapping of the central region of the Archipiélago de Chiloé, which is located in a transitional geomorphic region between the Chilean Lake District (CLD, 39–41° S, 73° W) and northwest Patagonia (∼43–48° S, 74° W). The Chilotan glacial geomorphology and sediment associations resulted from a warm‐based glacier that characterizes a typical active glacial temperate landsystem, which in central Chiloé combines deposits and landform units originated in subglacial and subaerial environments. Paleoglacial features that occur in central Chiloé are characteristic of an ice‐sheet style of glaciation, which differentiates it from a typical Alpine glacial style defined previously for the CLD. Therefore, the Archipiélago de Chiloé represents a geographical break point where the PIS became the large ice mass that occupied the Patagonian Andes during the last glacial period (Llanquihue Glaciation). A double ice‐contact slope on the east face of the Cordillera de La Costa provides evidence for the most extensive Early Llanquihue glacial advance on Isla Grande de Chiloé. The most prominent LGM advance in the area occurred at 26 000 cal yr BP, coincident with regional stadial conditions, and is defined by a big moraine along the east coast of the island.
Explicit Computations and Further Extensive Simulations for Rigid-or Elastic-joint Arm: Technical Attachment to: "Aerial Robots with Rigid/Elastic-joint Arms: Single-joint Controllability Study and Preliminary Experiment" 2016 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Daej

This document is a technical attachment to the paper: B. Yuksel and N. Staub and A. Franchi, " Aerial Robots with Rigid/Elastic-joint Arms: Single-joint Controllability Study and Preliminary Experiment ", in 2016 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Daejeon, South Korea, October 2016, that provides the explicit computations on the proofs and some numerical simulations. We also provide an informal recall of exact feedback linearization and differential flatness of the system at hand. In addition, Fig. 7 is given to support the experiment’s section of the aforementioned paper.
Global inter‐annual gravity changes from GRACE: Early results

Fifteen monthly gravity field solutions from the GRACE twin satellites launched more than two years ago have been studied to estimate gravity field changes between 2002 and 2003.The results demonstrate that GRACE is capable of capturing the changes in ground water on inter‐annual scales with an accuracy of 0.4 μGal corresponding to 9 mm water thickness on spatial scales longer than 1300 km. Four of the most widely used global hydrological models have been investigated for their spatial comparison with GRACE observations of inter‐annual gravity field variations due to changes in continental water storage. The Global Land Data Assimilation System model has a spatial correlation coefficient with GRACE observations of 0.65 over the northern hemisphere. This demonstrates that the observed gravity field changes on these scales are largely related to changes in continental water storage.
Finite metapopulation models with density–dependent migration and stochastic local dynamics

The effects of small density–dependent migration on the dynamics of a metapopulation are studied in a model with stochastic local dynamics. We use a diffusion approximation to study how changes in the migration rate and habitat occupancy affect the rates of local colonization and extinction. If the emigration rate increases or if the immigration rate decreases with local population size, a positive expected rate of change in habitat occupancy is found for a greater range of habitat occupancies than when the migration is density–independent. In contrast, the reverse patterns of density dependence in respective emigration and immigration reduce the range of habitat occupancies where the metapopulation will be viable. This occurs because density–dependent migration strongly influences both the establishment and rescue effects in the local dynamics of metapopulations.
Abundant hydrothermal venting along melt‐rich and melt‐free ridge segments in the Lau back‐arc basin

The relationship between the spatial density of hydrothermal venting (ph) and spreading rate (us) is undefined along back‐arc ridges. Here we report a continuous survey of hydrothermal plumes along the ∼400‐km‐long Eastern Lau Spreading Center. The mean ph/us ratio for each of three tectonic segments followed the global midocean ridge trend, with ph doubling as us increased northward from 39 to 96 mm/yr. However, we found little correlation between ph and the previously imaged distribution of axial melt lenses, which are near‐continuous along the southern two segments but wholly absent along the northernmost segment. We infer that venting on the southern segments is melt driven, whereas venting on the northern ELSC is entirely powered with heat extracted by deep circulation through hot rock. This segment may be a rare example of an entire fast‐spreading segment where hydrothermal convection cells are powered by downward‐migrating cracking fronts.
The Case for Using Intersectional Perspectives With Individual College Men

OVERTHE PAST 50 YEARS, research and scholarship related tomen andmasculinities have revealed that masculine gender role socialization trains young men and boys to ignore their emotions and prioritize power and domination above all else (David & Brannon, 1976; Kimmel, 2008). Others have outlined the many ways that systems of oppression, such as patriarchy, have been established throughout history to benefit men as a group with unearned privileges (Connell, 2005; hooks, 2004). In higher education, scholars and practitioners have begun considering men as gendered beings through the evolution of college men’s gender identity development models as well as effective practices for engaging college men on campus (Davis, 2002; Davis & Laker, 2004; Edwards & Jones, 2009; Harper & Harris, 2010; Harris, 2008; Kellom, 2004; Laker & Davis, 2011; Tillapaugh & McGowan, 2019). Until recently, most of the scholarship and practices in higher education aimed at engaging men have explored their experiences in the aggregate, focusing on men as a monolithic group (Ashlee & Wagner, 2019; Robbins & McGowan, 2016). For example, early examinations of college-eligible men as a group revealed that this population typically applies—and enrolls—less often than their female-identified peers (Adebayo, 2008; Baum & Goldstein, 2005). Persistence rates of college men are lower than that of college women (Harris & Harper, 2015; Musu-Gillette et al., 2017). Scholarly analyses have also shown thatmen underperform academically, are less academically motivated, are at higher risk of being on academic probation, and are more likely to be dismissed from college for academic reasons than collegiate women (Musser et al., 2017). Finally, men have been found to be the least engaged group of students on campus and are typically overrepresented among those found responsible for violating campus codes of conduct (Harper et al., 2005).
Spiky electric fields in the magnetotail

Large-amplitude spiky electric fields which have been proposed to provide energization and heating of particles have been observed in many regions of the magnetosphere, including the bow shock, auroral zone, and plasma sheet boundary. We extend previous statistical studies of such fields in the magnetotail (which were limited to ≲ 22 RE) to cover the region explored by the Geotail satellite. Results are presented concerning the occurrence frequency, location, and association with density gradients of spiky electric fields in the magnetotail at radial distances of ∼ 10–200 RE. Spiky fields do not occur beyond ∼ 100 RE, and they predominantly occur at or near the plasma sheet boundary (as indicated by changes in the spacecraft potential) and are always associated with waves near the lower hybrid frequency. Spiky fields occur preferentially during periods of higher magnetic activity (Kp > 3). Statistical analysis of the direction of the largest field amplitudes provides information on the polarization of the waves and the spikes and therefore provides constraints on the origin of the fields. Waves which accompany the spikes are primarily polarized perpendicular to the magnetic field and are consistent with lower hybrid waves, while the spikes are polarized obliquely to the magnetic field. The results are described and compared with various possible generation mechanisms, including lower hybrid wave collapse, a leading candidate for explaining these spikes.
The climate of the last 2000 years in southern Africa

Until recently, relatively little was known of the exact nature of climatic change in southern Africa over the past two millennia. New research based on oxygen isotope analyses of cave speleothems and mollusc remains in shell middens, together with foraminifera studies of inshore marine deposits, palynological and micromammalian research and earlier dendrochronological work, has allowed more reliable identification of the effects of the 'Little Ice Age' in the subcontinent. Cooling prevailed from 1300 to 1850 with a warm episode occurring between about 1500 and 1675. In addition, the generally warmer period from about 900 to 1300 may have been associated with the Medieval Warm Epoch. Earlier distinctive events appear to have been a variable period of cooling from 600 to 900, a warmer period from about AD 250 to 600 and a notable interval of cooling between AD 100 and 200. Much of the evidence for the 'Little Ice Age' in southern Africa suggests that in the summer rainfall region drier conditions prevailed during the period of cooling. At the same time the winter rainfall region became wetter. This supports a previous postulation that as the tropical easterlies of the general circulation of the atmosphere strengthen and become more perturbed over southern Africa over extended periods, so the climate becomes wetter over the summer rainfall area. As the circumpolar westerlies strengthen and expand northward, so the summer rainfall region becomes drier, while the coastal Mediterranean winter rainfall region becomes wetter.
Aftershock identification: methods and new approaches

SUMMARY The problem of aftershock identification in earthquake catalogues is studied. Some empirical methods are considered and quantitavely analysed. Game theory approach is applied to formulate the problem allowing a whole class of optimal methods of aftershock identification. Each method is optimal depending on the goals and gives the best trade-off between the number of missed aftershocks and the number of incorrectly identified ones. Some illustrations of the new approach to the aftershock identification problem are presented.
Ice Sheet Action Versus Reaction: Distinguishing between Heinrich Events and Dansgaard‐Oeschger Cycles in the North Atlantic

[1] Glaciers and ice sheets play an active role in the climate system and the global hydrological cycle. The stability of continental ice sheets must be better understood for assessments of future sea level rise and to uncover the causes of millennial-scale climate variability that characterized the last glacial period. Ice-rafted debris (IRD) in the midlatitude oceans and subpolar seas tells of widespread calving of icebergs from the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets during the last glacial period, but the climatic implications of this IRD are unclear. Does the sediment record indicate repeated dynamical collapse of the ice sheets, with ice sheets actively forcing the climate system? Alternatively, were ice sheet margins simply advancing and retreating in response to climate vacillations? On the basis of simulations of iceberg delivery to the ocean during the last glacial cycle we argue that the marine record exemplifies both of these phenomena. Heinrich events were clearly episodes of internal dynamical instability of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, while millennial-scale IRD is more simply interpreted as a response of the circum-Atlantic ice sheets to Dansgaard-Oeschger climate cycles. Ice sheets in different coastal regions respond differently to climate fluctuations, but overall iceberg fluxes increase in cold periods, peaking within a few centuries of climatic cooling. Regions with relatively warm, wet climates (Scandinavia, western North America, and Svalbard) are the most sensitive to millennial climate variability, with rapid response times and large millennial variability in iceberg fluxes.
Migrants, Landlords and their Uneven Experiences of the Beijing Olympic Games

Hosting of mega-events such as the Olympic Games tends to be accompanied by voluminous media coverage on the negative social impact of the Games, and the people in the affected areas are often considered to be one victim group sharing similar experiences. The research in this paper tries to unpack the heterogeneous groups in a particular sector of the housing market, and gain a better understanding of how the Olympic Games affects different resident groups. We take the example of the Beijing Summer Olympic Games and resort to empirical findings in an attempt to critically examine the experience of migrant tenants and Beijing citizens (landlords in particular) in 'villages-in-the-city' (known as cheongzhongcun) by delivering their own first-hand accounts of city-wide preparation for the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympiad and the pervasive demolition threats to their neighbourhoods. The paper argues that the Beijing Summer Olympiad produced uneven, often exclusionary, Games experiences for a certain segment of urban population.
A vision-guided mobile robot for precision agriculture

In this paper we have developed a mobile robot which is able to perform crop-scale operations using vision as only sensor. The system consists of a row-following system and a visual odometry system. The row following system captures images from a front looking camera on the robot and the crop rows are extracted using Hough transform. Both distance to the rows and heading angle is provided which both are used to control the steering. The visual odometry system uses two cameras in a stereo setup pointing perpendicular to the ground. This system measures the travelled distance by measuring the ground movement and compensate for height variation. Experiments are performed on an artificial field due to the season. The result shows that the visual odometry have accuracy better than 2.1% of travelled distance.
The first 20 years (1978-1979 to 1998–1999) of ice-wedge growth at the Illisarvik experimental drained lake site, western Arctic coast, Canada

In August 1978, a large tundra lake was drained to study the aggradation of permafrost into newly exposed lake-bottom sediments. Ice-wedge growth, which started in the first winter following drainage, had ceased in most of the lake bottom within about twelve years. The gradual cessation of thermal contraction cracking can be attributed to rapid vegetation growth, snow entrapment, an increase in winter ground temperatures, and a decrease in the linear coefficient of thermal contraction associated with freezethaw consolidation of the initially saturated lake-bottom sediments. The tilt and separation of markers in the active layer revealed gradual convergence towards the troughs even after ice-wedge growth had ceased. For the first few years the ice-wedge growth rate was up to 3 cm/a as determined by excavation, drilling, separation of the bottoms of benchmarks installed into permafrost, and divergence of free-floating inductance coils placed on the sides of ice wedges well below the bottom of the active la.