Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cutting Down Trees Does not Build Prosperity: On the Continued Decoupling of Amazon Deforestation and Economic Development in 21st Century Brazil

Background and Aims We present evidence examining spatial and temporal patterns in forest cover changes and economic indicators in Brazilian Amazonia. Specifically, we tested two predictions embedded in arguments used by influential interest groups: (i) indicators of economic progress should increase where there is less forest and (ii) areas with most recent deforestation should have increased economic indicators. Methods Complementary methods assessed annual variation in economic indicators across 794 administrative districts (municipalities) covering 4.9 Mkm2 of the Brazilian Amazon from 2002 to 2019. A representative subset of municipalities was used to compare economic and socioeconomic indicators across municipalities with contrasting forest cover. Results Contrasting results between the full and a representative subset of municipalities suggested that municipality-level economic indicators cannot be directly attributed to the loss of natural forests. There was no association between forest loss and economic (average salary) or socioeconomic indicators (existence of sanitation plans and internet connectivity). The economic indicators of municipalities with less than 40% forest cover in 1986 were no different to that of similar municipalities with more than 60% forest cover from 1986 to 2019. Conclusion The evidence contradicted both predictions tested. Reducing forest cover does not appear to directly promote socioeconomic progress. Any localized associations between forest cover and poverty most likely result from other more plausible alternatives including lack of opportunity and a widespread failure to effectively implement and enforce existing policies within the local socioeconomic context. Implications for Conservation Our findings support evidence from across the tropics that shows deforestation does not necessarily generate transformative and equitable food production systems or lead to poverty alleviation.
Orbital stability of coplanar two-planet exosystems with high eccentricities

The long-term stability of the evolution of two-planet systems is considered by using the general three body problem (GTBP). Our study is focused on the stability of systems with adjacent orbits when at least one of them is highly eccentric. In these cases, in order for close encounters, which destabilize the planetary systems, to be avoided, phase protection mechanisms should be considered. Additionally, since the GTBP is a non-integrable system, chaos may also cause the destabilization of the system after a long time interval. By computing dynamical maps, based on Fast Lyapunov Indicator, we reveal regions in phase space with stable orbits even for very high eccentricities (e>0.5). Such regions are present in mean motion resonances (MMR). We can determine the position of the exact MMR through the computation of families of periodic orbits in a rotating frame. Elliptic periodic orbits are associated with the presence of apsidal corotation resonances (ACR). When such solutions are stable, they are associated with neighbouring domains of initial conditions that provide long-term stability. We apply our methodology so that the evolution of planetary systems of highly eccentric orbits is assigned to the existence of such stable domains. Particularly, we study the orbital evolution of the extrasolar systems HD 82943, HD 3651, HD 7449, HD 89744 and HD 102272 and discuss the consistency between the orbital elements provided by the observations and the dynamical stability.
Bentonite Nanoclay Optoelectrochemical Property Improvement through Bimetallic Silver and Gold Nanoparticles

This study assesses the physical and electrochemical changes of bimetallic Ag-Au nanoparticle-functionalized bentonite nanoclay. Nanoclay was studied to deduce a better sensing material/film. A chemical co-reduction method was used to synthesize bimetallic Ag-Au c nanoparticles, which were used to prepare a Ag-Au/PGV bentonite composite. Bimetallic Ag-AuNPs and their nanoclay composite were optically characterized using the scanning electron microscope, ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared, whilst cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to ascertain their electrochemical activity and properties. The results of surface morphological inspection showed an average size of 10 nm, in agreement with XRD. The bimetallic Ag-AuNPs UV/Vis characteristic wavelengths of 414 nm and 516 nm confirmed the presence of Ag and Au metals, respectively. XRD exhibited diffraction planes related to 2θ values of Ag and Au metals, whilst FTIR indicated mainly COO- functional groups from the citrate capping of bimetallic Ag-Au NPs. CV and DPV showed that bentonite nanoclay is largely insulated by silicates but exhibited a small electroactivity of Fe. The electroactivity of Ag-Au/PGV bentonite exhibited peak potentials due to Ag/Ag+ and Au/Au3+ redox couples at 0.19 V/−0.20 V and 1.37 V/0.42, respectively. The Ag-Au/PGV bentonite nanocomposite exhibited the highest surface concentration of 3.25 × 10−2 cm2, a diffusion coefficient of 2.36 × −11 cm2/s, and an electron transfer rate constant (Ks) of 1.99 × 10−4 cm2. The outcome of these results indicated that the Ag-Au/PGV bentonite nanocomposite was more electroactive than PGV. Therefore, this study accentuates Ag-Au/PGV bentonite nanocomposite as a novel and promising platform for electrochemical sensing with higher sensitivity and efficiency than other sensing materials.
Suzaku Observations of the Dwarf Nova SS Cyg in Quiescence and Outburst(Chapter 8. White Dwarf and Neutron Star Isolated and/or Binaries, The Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era)

We present results from the Suzaku observations of the dwarf nova SS Cyg in quiescence and outburst in 2005 November. High sensitivity of the HXD PIN and high spectral resolution of the XIS enable us to determine plasma parameters with unprecedented precision. The maximum temperature of the plasma in quiescence 20.4+4.0 −2.6 keV is significantly higher than that in outburst 6.0+0.2 −1.3 keV. The elemental abundances of oxygen and iron are both subsolar (0.46+0.04 −0.03Z and 0.37 +0.01 −0.03Z , respectively). The solid angle of cold reflecting matter subtending over an optically thin thermal plasma is Ω/2π = 1.7 ± 0.2 in quiescence. A 6.4 keV iron Kα line is resolved into narrow and broad components. These facts indicate that both the white dwarf and the accretion disk contribute to the reflection. We consider the standard optically thin boundary layer as the most plausible picture for the plasma configuration in quiescence. The solid angle of the reflector in outburst Ω/2π = 0.9+0.5 −0.4 and a broad 6.4 keV iron line indicate that the reflection in outburst occurs at the surface of the accretion disk. The broad 6.4 keV line suggests that the optically thin thermal plasma is distributed over the accretion disk like solar coronae.
GRAVITY: a four-telescope beam combiner instrument for the VLTI

GRAVITY is an adaptive optics assisted Beam Combiner for the second generation VLTI instrumentation. The instrument will provide high-precision narrow-angle astrometry and phase-referenced interferometric imaging in the astronomical K-band for faint objects. We describe the wide range of science that will be tackled with this instrument, highlighting the unique capabilities of the VLTI in combination with GRAVITY. The most prominent goal is to observe highly relativistic motions of matter close to the event horizon of Sgr A*, the massive black hole at center of the Milky Way. We present the preliminary design that fulfils the requirements that follow from the key science drivers: It includes an integrated optics, 4-telescope, dual feed beam combiner operated in a cryogenic vessel; near-infrared wavefrontsensing adaptive optics; fringe-tracking on secondary sources within the field of view of the VLTI and a novel metrology concept. Simulations show that 10 μas astrometry within few minutes is feasible for a source with a magnitude of mK = 15 like Sgr A*, given the availability of suitable phase reference sources (mK = 10). Using the same setup, imaging of mK = 18 stellar sources in the interferometric field of view is possible, assuming a full night of observations and the corresponding UV coverage of the VLTI.
CIRCUMBINARY PLANET FORMATION IN THE KEPLER-16 SYSTEM. I. N-BODY SIMULATIONS

The recently discovered circumbinary planets (Kepler-16 b, Kepler 34-b, Kepler 35-b) represent the first direct evidence of the viability of planet formation in circumbinary orbits. We report on the results of N-body simulations investigating planetesimal accretion in the Kepler-16 b system, focusing on the range of impact velocities under the influence of both stars' gravitational perturbation and friction from a putative protoplanetary disk. Our results show that planet formation might be effectively inhibited for a large range in semimajor axis (1.75 ≲ aP ≲ 4 AU), suggesting that the planetary core must have either migrated from outside 4 AU or formed in situ very close to its current location.
A Bibliometric Perspective on AI Research for Job-Résumé Matching

The search for the right person for the right job, or in other words the selection of the candidate who best reflects the skills demanded by employers to perform a specific set of duties in a job appointment, is a key premise of the personnel selection pipeline of recruitment departments. This task is usually performed by human experts who examine the résumé or curriculum vitae of candidates in search of the right skills necessary to fit the vacant position. Recent advances in AI, specifically in the fields of text analytics and natural language processing, have sparked the interest of research on the application of these technologies to help recruiters accomplish this task or part of it automatically, applying algorithms for information extraction, parsing, representation, and matching of résumés and job descriptions, or sections within. In this study, we aim to better understand how the research landscape in this field has evolved. To do this, we follow a multifaceted bibliometric approach aimed at identifying trends, dynamics, structures, and visual mapping of the most relevant topics, highly cited or influential papers, authors, and universities working on these topics, based on a publication record retrieved from Scopus and Google Scholar bibliographic databases. We conclude that, unlike a traditional literature review, the bibliometric-guided approach allowed us to discover a more comprehensive picture of the evolution of research in this subject and to clearly identify paradigm shifts from the earliest stages to the most recent efforts proposed to address this problem.
Bayesian evidence: can we beat MultiNest using traditional MCMC methods?

Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods have revolutionised Bayesian data analysis over the years by making the direct computation of posterior probability densities feasible on modern workstations. However, the calculation of the prior predictive, the Bayesian evidence, has proved to be notoriously difficult with standard techniques. In this work a method is presented that lets one calculate the Bayesian evidence using nothing but the results from standard MCMC algorithms, like Metropolis-Hastings. This new method is compared to other methods like MultiNest, and greatly outperforms the latter in several cases. One of the toy problems considered in this work is the analysis of mock pulsar timing data, as encountered in pulsar timing array projects. This method is expected to be useful as well in other problems in astrophysics, cosmology and particle physics.
Embedding interdisciplinarity; the evolution of an undergraduate EBL module

Over the three-year history of this project, the Enquiry-Based Learning (EBL) course unit under consideration in this case study has evolved considerably. It has been run annually but it is the most recent version (2005/06) that is the main focus of this article. The eleven-week, credit-rated unit is unusual in that it provides undergraduates from a number of different Schools with an opportunity to collaborate in interdisciplinary enquiry. In its most recent incarnation, students from Geography, Medicine, Education, Modern Languages and Biology undertook desk research and pooled their disciplinary knowledge in developing strategies for addressing complex societal and environmental problems. The article provides brief background about how the unit came about and how its design has evolved. A large number of conference papers, publications and in-house presentations have arisen from the project, and some of these are detailed in the references section. Throughout the three years of the project, the evaluation strategy has combined the collection of quantitative and qualitative data. The methods and the findings from the most recent set of data are put forward and further project developments proposed.
Research on marketing online micro-course system based on intelligent optimization algorithm

The close integration of information technology and education has made online micro-courses an important channel for disseminating educational knowledge. Blended education has gradually appeared in university education, and has gradually become an important tool for university education. The rapid development of information technology and the widespread use of mobile devices herald the completion of the construction of the digital campus. This article takes the intelligent optimization algorithm as a starting point, based on the relevant academic background, to carry out a unique marketing online micro-course research. The paper uses the literature analysis method to separate and analyse related concepts, and understand the concepts of intelligent optimization algorithms and online micro-courses. Summarizes its existing problems and explores the advantages of intelligent optimization algorithms, analyses the teaching status of the marketing online micro-course system, and summarizes the application principles and application strategies of the marketing online micro-course. Finally, the intelligent optimization algorithm is used to innovate the marketing online micro-course system, and it emphasizes that the marketing online micro-course system based on the intelligent optimization algorithm can increase students' classroom participation and improve the quality of marketing classrooms.
Fault-tolerant, high-level quantum circuits: form, compilation and description

Fault-tolerant quantum error correction is a necessity for any quantum architecture destined to tackle interesting, large-scale problems. Its theoretical formalism has been well founded for nearly two decades. However, we still do not have an appropriate compiler to produce a fault-tolerant, error-corrected description from a higher-level quantum circuit for state-of the-art hardware models. There are many technical hurdles, including dynamic circuit constructions that occur when constructing fault-tolerant circuits with commonly used error correcting codes. We introduce a package that converts high-level quantum circuits consisting of commonly used gates into a form employing all decompositions and ancillary protocols needed for fault-tolerant error correction. We call this form the (I)initialisation, (C)NOT, (M)measurement form (ICM) and consists of an initialisation layer of qubits into one of four distinct states, a massive, deterministic array of CNOT operations and a series of time-ordered X- or Z-basis measurements. The form allows a more flexible approach towards circuit optimisation. At the same time, the package outputs a standard circuit or a canonical geometric description which is a necessity for operating current state-of-the-art hardware architectures using topological quantum codes.
SHOCK EMERGENCE IN SUPERNOVAE: LIMITING CASES AND ACCURATE APPROXIMATIONS

We examine the dynamics of accelerating normal shocks in stratified planar atmospheres, providing accurate fitting formulae for the scaling index relating shock velocity to the initial density and for the post-shock acceleration factor as functions of the polytropic and adiabatic indices which parameterize the problem. In the limit of a uniform initial atmosphere, there are analytical formulae for these quantities. In the opposite limit of a very steep density gradient, the solutions match the outcome of shock acceleration in exponential atmospheres.
Virtual Gamification and Problems of Students’ Social Interaction

The article concerns the systemic problem of students’ social interactions in the context of digitalization of education and usage of virtual gamification technologies in pedagogical process. The authors conducted an interdisciplinary analysis of influence of the phenomena and conditions of virtual gamification on the “vertical” and “horizontal” processes of students’ social interactions, which determine constructive or destructive vectors of their socialization and professionalization in a digital society. The authors concluded that professional use of gamification pedagogical technologies can significantly reduce the social risks of digitalization of education and increase the level of safety of communicative and educational environment.
Comparison of the Magellanic Clouds by other irregular barred spirals

I. The main structural characteristics of the irregular barred spirals of the magellanic type are illustrated in Figure 1. They were first detected 10 years ago on small-scale photographs of the Large Cloud taken at Mount Stromlo (de Vaucouleurs 1954, 1955) and were later found to be uniformly present in many other “late-type” barred spirals designated SB(s)d and SB(s)m in the revised classification system (de Vaucouleurs 1959). These stages form a continuous transition between the regular barred spirals of the “S-shaped” sequences, such as NGC 1365 : SB(s)b, NGC 1300 : SB(s)bc, NGC 7479 : SB(s)c, and the completely irregular system IBm showing only an axial bar and little or no traces of whorls, such as NGC 4449 and 4214. Examples of the transition stages are NGC 7741 : SB(s)cd, NGC 1313 : SB(s)d, NGC 4027 : SB(s)dm, NGC 4618 : SB(rs)m, and the Large Magellanic Cloud: SB(s)m (Fig. 2). The Small Cloud, because of its interaction with the Large Cloud and its unfavourable inclination, is more difficult to classify precisely; it may be designated as SB(s)mp or IB(s)mp to indicate the presence of residual (or incipient) spiral structure (de Vaucouleurs 1957 a ).
A HERSCHEL VIEW OF PROTOPLANETARY DISKS IN THE σ ORI CLUSTER

We present new Herschel observations using the Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer of 32 T Tauri stars in the young (∼3 Myr) σ Ori cluster. Most of our objects are K and M stars with large excesses at 24 μm. We used irradiated accretion disk models of D’Alessio et al. to compare their spectral energy distributions with our observational data. We arrive at the following six conclusions. (i) The observed disks are consistent with irradiated accretion disk systems. (ii) Most of our objects (60%) can be explained by significant dust depletion from the upper disk layers. (iii) Similarly, 61% of our objects can be modeled with large disk sizes (Rd ≥ 100 au). (iv) The masses of our disks range between 0.03 and 39 MJup, where 35% of our objects have disk masses less than 1 MJup. Although these are lower limits, high-mass (>0.05 ) disks, which are present in, e.g., Taurus, are missing. (v) By assuming a uniform distribution of objects around the brightest stars at the center of the cluster, we found that 80% of our disks are exposed to external FUV radiation of , which can be strong enough to photoevaporate the outer edges of the closer disks. (vi) Within 0.6 pc from σ Ori we found forbidden emission lines of [N ii] in the spectrum of one of our large disks (SO662), but no emission in any of our small ones. This suggests that this object may be an example of a photoevaporating disk.
New approach for Damping in a squeezed bath and its time evolution through Complete Class of Gaussian Quasi-distributions

By virtue of the thermal entangled states representation of density operator and using dissipative interaction picture we solve the master equation of a driven damped harmonic oscillator in a squeezed bath. We show that the essential part of the dynamics can be expressed by the convolution of initial Wigner function with a special kind of normalized Gaussian in phase space and relate the dynamics with the change of Gaussian ordering of density operator.
Faraday patterns in two-dimensional dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates

We analyze the physics of Faraday patterns in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates. Faraday patterns can be induced in Bose-Einstein condensates by a periodic modulation of the system nonlinearity. We show that these patterns are remarkably different in dipolar gases with a roton-maxon excitation spectrum. Whereas for nondipolar gases the pattern size decreases monotonously with the driving frequency, patterns in dipolar gases present, even for shallow roton minima, a highly nontrivial frequency dependence characterized by abrupt pattern size transitions, which are especially pronounced when the dipolar interaction is modulated. Faraday patterns constitute, hence, an excellent tool for revealing the onset of the roton minimum, a key feature of dipolar gases.
Pipkin Type-II Femoral Head Fracture – A Biomechanical Evaluation by the Finite-Element Method

Objective To evaluate the biomechanical capacity of two forms of fixation for Pipkin type-II fractures, describing the vertical fracture deviation, the maximum and minimum principal stresses, and the Von Mises equivalent stress in the syntheses used. Materials and Methods Two internal fasteners were developed to treat Pipkin type-II fractures through finite elements: a 3.5-mm cortical screw and a Herbert screw. Under the same conditions, the vertical fracture deviation, the maximum and minimum principal stresses, and the Von Mises equivalent stress in the syntheses used were evaluated. Results The vertical displacements evaluated were of 1.5 mm and 0.5 mm. The maximum principal stress values obtained in the upper region of the femoral neck were of 9.7 KPa and 1.3 Kpa, and the minimum principal stress values obtained in the lower region of the femoral neck were of -8.7 KPa and -9.3 KPa. Finally, the peak values for Von Mises stress were of 7.2 GPa and 2.0 GPa for the fixation models with the use of the 3.5-mm cortical screw and the Herbert screw respectively. Conclusion The fixation system with the Herbert screw generated the best results in terms of reduction of vertical displacement, distribution of the maximum principal stress, and the peak Von Mises equivalent stress, demonstrating mechanical superiority compared to that of the 3.5-mm cortical screw in the treatment of Pipkin type-II fractures.