Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mid-level ventilation's effects on tropical cyclone thermodynamic structure and intensity

Vertical wind shear is observed to be a primary mechanism by which tropical cyclones are inhibited from reaching their potential intensity. However, the physical pathway by which this occurs it not well understood. Mid-level ventilation of the inner core by ambient low θe (entropy) air may be a critical thermodynamic pathway (Simpson and Riehl, 1958). The ventilation is facilitated via the excitation of eddies due to the wind shear itself, inducing a positive eddy flux of θe in the inner core (Frank and Ritchie, 2001). Thereafter, evaporation of liquid water produces downdrafts which can transport the low θe air downwards into the boundary layer. The net effect of such a process is two fold: a reduction of the thermodynamic efficiency and a reduction in the maximum entropy gain of parcels advected inwards in the boundary layer. Both of these processes reduce the mechanical energy that can be generated by the tropical cyclone heat engine.
Analisis Proses Bisnis Layanan Akademik Pada Perguruan Tinggi Swasta Universitas XYZ

Universitas XYZ merupakan perguruan tinggi swasta di Kabupaten Kediri. Dalam Universitas XYZ terdapat bagian Akademik yang disebut DAAK (Direktorat Administrasi Akademik dan Kemahasiswaan). Proses akademik merupakan sekumpulan aktivitas yang dilakukan pada lingkungan pendidikan yang memiliki kaitan erat dengan proses belajar mengajar. Pada pelaksanaan kegiatan di Akademik terdapat permasalahan pada proses penjadwalan. Permasalahan tersebut dimulai dari banyaknya aktivitas yang belum tereksplisitkan dalam Standart Operating Procedure dan permasalahan lainnya pada beberapa aktivitas proses akademik yang berimplikasi pada inefisiensi proses. Sehingga proses bisnis saat ini atau proses bisnis as-is perlu dianalisis dengan harapan mampu menghasilkan solusi proses bisnis to-be. Untuk menghasilkan solusi proses bisnis to-be yang berguna untuk meningkatkan efisiensi sebuah proses bisnis, dilakukan proses streamlining menggunakan Business Process Improvement (BPI). Hasil dari analisis BPI tersebut menghasilkan artefak proses bisnis to-be. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini maka disimpulkan bahwa proses bisnis to-be penjadwalan menjadi lebih ringkas. Hasil peningkatan dari proses bisnis usulan dengan metode Business Process Improvement (BPI) dilihat berdasarkan analisis waktu, menghasilkan bahwa proses bisnis to-be pembuatan jadwal perkuliahan lebih cepat 25 hari 23 jam 54 menit 12 detik. Perbandingan resource analysis proses bisnis as-is dan to-be setelah dihitung rata-ratanya, proses bisnis to-be penjadwalan meningkat 10.17% yang artinya terdapat penambahan sumber daya.
Statistical Analysis of Mechanical and Physical Properties of Igneous Rocks

One of the modern finishing materials for building construction is igneous rock. Thisstudy was focused on determining the relationships between mechanical and physicalproperties of igneous rocks. This incorporates point load strength index Is (50) , UnconfinedCompression Strength (UCS), flexural strength, poisons ratio, dry density, porosity,Schmidt rebound values and P-wave velocity for a wide range of igneous rocks. Thestudy was performed on data collected from the literature. The results showed that theporosity has a significant negative effect on the dry density of rock samples. The bestrelationship was observed between modulus of elasticity and temperature with thecoefficient of determination (R 2 ) of 0.89; it means that the temperature had a greatinfluence on the modulus of elasticity so that increasing temperature causes to decreasein modulus of elasticity of igneous rock. In addition, the weakest relationship wasobserved between flexural strength and p-wave velocity with R 2 of 0.42; whereas, therewas no relationship between UCS and Poisons ratio.
Machine learning algorithms using national registry data to predict loss to follow- up during tuberculosis treatment

Background: Identifying patients at increased risk of loss to follow-up (LTFU) is key to developing strategies to optimize the clinical management of tuberculosis (TB). The use of national registry data in prediction models may be a useful tool to inform healthcare workers about risk of LTFU. Here we developed a score to predict the risk of LTFU during anti-TB treatment (ATT) in a nationwide cohort of cases using clinical data reported to the Brazilian Notifiable Disease Information System (SINAN). Methods: We performed a retrospective study of all TB cases reported to SINAN between 2015–2022; excluding children (<18 years-old), vulnerable groups or drug-resistant TB. For the score, data before treatment initiation were used. We trained and internally validated three different prediction scoring systems, based on Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Light Gradient Boosting. Before applying our models we split our data into train (~80% data) and test (~20%), and then we compare model metrics using a test data set. Results: Of the 243,726 cases included, 41,373 experienced LTFU whereas 202,353 were successfully treated and cured. The groups were different with regards to several clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. The directly observed treatment (DOT) was unbalanced between the groups with lower prevalence in those who were LTFU. Three models were developed to predict LTFU using 8 features (prior TB, drug use, age, sex, HIV infection and schooling level) with different score composition approaches. Those prediction scoring system exhibited an area under the curve (AUC) ranging between 0.71 and 0.72. The Light Gradient Boosting technique resulted in the best prediction performance, weighting specificity, and sensibility. A user-friendly web calculator app was created (https://tbprediction.herokuapp.com/) to facilitate implementation. Conclusions: Our nationwide risk score predicts the risk of LTFU during ATT in Brazilian adults prior to treatment commencement. This is a potential tool to assist in decision-making strategies to guide resource allocation, DOT indications, and improve TB treatment adherence.
Effects of land use change on organic carbon dynamics associated with soil aggregate fractions on the Loess Plateau, China

Organic carbon (OC) sequestration through soil aggregation is an important aspect of land use change/conversion (LUCC) influencing the terrestrial ecosystem C cycle, although little is known on the changes in aggregate dynamics and their contributions to OC accumulation after LUCC in regions with serious soil erosion. Therefore, bulk soil samples under four land uses (farmland and three vegetated soils converted from farmland 42 years ago: Robinia pseudoacacia [RP42yr], Caragana korshinskii [CK42yr], and abandoned land [AL42yr]) in the Loess Plateau, China, was collected, separated into seven aggregate size fractions, and examined for OC content. Farmland conversion into AL42yr, CK42yr, and RP42yr increased macroaggregate (>2 mm) and mesoaggregate (2–0.25 mm) proportions, mean weight diameter, and geometric mean diameter but decreased microaggregates (0.25–0.053 mm) amount. Bulk soil and aggregates OC content and stock varied with soil depth and land use types but were usually highest in RP42yr. Mesoaggregates contained higher OC content and stock than other aggregates at 0‐ to 20‐cm depth under all land uses. Increases in the OC stocks of mesoaggregates accounted for 46% and 85% of the increase in bulk soil OC stocks at 0‐ to 20‐ and 20‐ to 40‐cm depth, respectively. Thus, soil OC accumulation after LUCC is mainly due to increased OC stock within mesoaggregates, which is further attributed to increased mesoaggregate proportions. Overall, vegetation restoration promotes the physical protection of OC by increasing soil aggregation, being a management option to enhance the C sequestration potential in ecological fragile regions.
A wavefield-separation-based elastic least-squares reverse time migration

Elastic least-squares reverse time migration (ELSRTM) has the potential to provide improved subsurface reflectivity estimation. Compared with the elastic reverse time migration (ERTM), ELSRTM can produce images with higher spatial resolution, more balanced amplitudes and fewer artifacts. However, the crosstalk between compressional (P-) and shear (S-) waves can significantly degrade the imaging quality of ELSRTM. We developed an ELSRTM method to suppress the crosstalk artifacts. This method includes three crucial points. The first is that both the forward and backward wavefield are extrapolated based on the separated elastic velocity-stress equation of P- and S-waves. The second is that the separated vector P- and S-wave residuals are migrated to form reflectivity images of Lame constants λ and μ independently. The third is that the reflectivity images of λ and μ are obtained by the vector P-wave wavefields achieved in the backward extrapolation of the separated vector P-wave residuals and the vector S-wa.
Evolution of fluvial meander-belt deposits and implications for the completeness of the stratigraphic record

The fragmentary nature of the stratigraphic record is particularly evident with respect to fluvial deposits, which are characterized by a hierarchy of depositional units deposited over a wide range of time scales and sedimentation rates. We quantified stratigraphic completeness in meander-belt deposits through deducing the total area of bar sedimentation versus what is ultimately preserved in the depositional record, using area as a surrogate metric for sediment volume. Data sets were evaluated for a numerical model, the modern Mississippi River valley, and the Cretaceous McMurray Formation. In each data set, the evolutionary history of a series of meander-belt elements was discerned. Migrated area between successive reconstructed paleochannel positions was measured, representing: total area of net bar migration (MA), the area of bar preserved (PA), and percent of bar preserved (PA/MA), at the accretion package, bar, and meanderbelt scale. Results of our analysis show that the average preservation percent ranges from 27.3% to 67.8% for an accretion package, 35.0% to 85.1% for a bar, and 38.2% to 67.6% for a meander belt. The processes that lead to a decrease in preservation include intra-meanderbend erosion (due to downstream translation or bar rotation), and increasing meanderbend sinuosity and eventual cutoff (neck and chute), as well as inter-meander-bend erosion due to avulsion and subsequent migration of the meandering channel. The results of this study document a decrease in preservation over time that follows a natural logarithmic function of decay; we have termed this the “survivability” curve. The results presented here document a systematic, monotonic decrease in preservation over time, which is consistent regardless of the spatial or temporal scale and agrees with probabilities of preservation at long time scales proposed by previous workers. A comparison between data sets allows for an estimation of the time span represented by meander-belt deposits in the deep time record.
Properties of Cementitious Materials Utilizing Seashells as Aggregate or Cement: Prospects and Challenges

Nowadays, the sustainable development of the construction industry has become a focus of attention. Crushing and grinding waste seashells originating from the fishery industry, such as oyster shells, cockle shells, mussel shells, and scallop shells, into different particle sizes for usage as aggregate and cement in concrete or mortar provides an effective and sustainable solution to environmental problems by reducing natural resource dependence. Numerous studies have attempted to analyze the suitability of waste seashell as a possible alternative to natural aggregates and cement in concrete or mortar. This paper presents an up-to-date review of the characteristics of different types of waste seashell, as well as the physical, mechanical, durability, and other notable functional properties of seashell concrete or mortar. From the outcome of the research, waste seashell could be an inert material, and it is important to conduct a series of proper treatment for a better-quality material. It is also seen from the results that although the mechanical properties of seashell concrete have been reduced, they all meet the required criteria set by various international standards and codes. Therefore, it is recommended that the replacement of seashells as aggregate and cement should not exceed 20% and 5%, respectively. Seashell concrete or mortar would then have sufficient workability and strength for non-structural purposes. However, there is still a lack of investigation concerning the different properties of reinforced concrete members using seashells as the replacement of aggregate or cement. Further innovative research can solidify its utilization towards sustainable development.
Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae-Induced Pneumonia: Clinical Features and Prognostic Factors

Purpose Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is closely related to respiratory tract infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features and prognostic factors of CRKP-induced pneumonia in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) patients. Methods A single-centre, retrospective case-control study on COPD patients hospitalized for acute exacerbation and CRKP-induced pneumonia was conducted from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2022. The mortality rate of acute exacerbation due to CRKP-induced pneumonia was investigated. The patients were divided into the CRKP-induced pneumonic acute exacerbation (CRKPpAE) group and the non-CRKP-induced pneumonic acute exacerbation (non-CRKPpAE) group, and the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors were compared using univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. Results A total of 65 AECOPD patients were included, composed of 26 patients with CRKPpAE and 39 patients with non-CRKPpAE. The mortality rate of CRKPpAE was 57.69%, while non-CRKPpAE was 7.69%. Compared with non-CRKPpAE, a history of acute exacerbation in the last year (OR=8.860, 95% CI: 1.360–57.722, p=0.023), ICU admission (OR=11.736, 95% CI: 2.112–65.207, p=0.005), higher NLR levels (OR=1.187, 95% CI: 1.037–1.359, p=0.013) and higher D-dimer levels (OR=1.385, 95% CI: 1.006–1.905, p=0.046) were independently related with CRKPpAE. CRKP isolates were all MDR strains (26/26, 100%), and MDR strains were also observed in non-CRKP isolates (5/39, 12.82%). Conclusion Compared with non-CRKPpAE, CRKPpAE affects the COPD patient’s condition more seriously and significantly increases the risk of death.
Inhaled corticosteroids and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective cohort study

Objectives Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are widely used in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, ICS are associated with an increased risk of adverse effects. We aimed to determine whether an association between a lower respiratory tract culture with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and increasing ICS dosing in patients with COPD exists. Design An observational cohort study of outpatients with COPD in Denmark between 2010 and 2018. ICS exposure was categorised into four groups based on average daily consumption 1 year prior to inclusion: no use, low ICS dose (≤400 µg), moderate ICS dose (400–800 µg) and high ICS dose (>800 µg). Dose–response relationship was investigated by a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Of the total 22 689 patients, 459 had lower respiratory tract cultures positive for S. maltophilia. The HR of S. maltophilia increased with increasing daily ICS dose: low ICS dose HR 2.6 (95% CI 1.6 to 4.0), moderate ICS dose HR 3.0 (95% CI 1.9 to 4.6) and high ICS dose HR 5.7 (95% CI 3.8 to 8.5). Conclusions We found that ICS was associated with a high, dose-dependent increased hazard of S. maltophilia in outpatients with COPD. High dose users had a nearly six times increased hazard compared with non-users of ICS. When appropriate, attempts at de-escalating ICS treatment should be made.
Groundwater Governance in the Rio Grande: Co-evolution of Local and Intergovernmental Management

The physical interconnection of ground and surface waters is rarely acknowledged in inter-state and international agreements over surface water. This is especially true in the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo basin, where groundwater pumping is at the heart of several disputes and legal cases related to compliance with intergovernmental water agreements. This research considers the Upper and Middle Rio Grande basin to explore how groundwater use and management interact with interstate (i.e. intranational within the US) and international relations (US-Mexico). We consider three distinct geographic regions to address the following questions: how have intergovernmental surface water agreements affected local groundwater management and policies? And, how does groundwater management at local scale influence intergovernmental relations over water? We combine documentary data and interview data collected through extensive fieldwork during 2016 and 2017. The analysis reveals the emergence of both state-driven and community-based groundwater initiatives aimed at reconciling needs and obligations stemming from different geographical and institutional levels. The analysis uncovers strong institutional interplay across water management levels and suggests that compliance with intergovernmental agreements in federal and international contexts both affects and is affected by local groundwater management. Moreover, we observed that while local water managers are sometimes prevented from solving problems locally due to interstate rules, opportunities for innovation in local groundwater governance can also be triggered by compliance obligations at other levels.
Static and Fatigue Bond Characteristics of Interfaces between CFRP Sheets and Frost Damage Experienced Concrete

Synopsis: Both short and long-term performances of repaired or strengthened concrete structures using external FRP bonding are greatly affected by states of bonding substrates, which are covercrete and may have experienced various damages. One of them is frost damage in cold regions. This paper intends to investigate how the initial frost damages in concrete influence the static and fatigue bond performances of CFRP/concrete interfaces. Concrete specimens were exposed to freeze and thaw cycles before being bonded with CFRP sheets. The initial frost damage of concrete was controlled approximately at three different levels in terms of its relative dynamic modulus of elasticity, which was 100% (non frost damage), 85% and 70%, respectively. Test results showed that failure modes of CFRP/concrete bonded joints with initial frost damage in concrete were the delamination of covercrete. By contrast the joints without initial frost damage failed in a thin concrete layer as usual. Moreover, CFRP/concrete joints with and without initial frost damage showed different manners in their interface bonding strength and stiffness. If the initial frost damage existed in concrete substrate the effective bond length of CFRP/concrete joints was increased due to the decrease of the bonding stiffness and interfacial fracture energy. Fatigue testing results indicated that the linear slopes of S-N curves of CFRP/concrete bonded joints were not influenced by the initial frost damage. The initial frost damage did not shorten the fatigue life of CFRP/concrete joints if a same relative tensile stress level was kept in the FRP sheets, where the relative tensile stress level was defined as a ratio of the applied tensile force in FRP sheets for the fatigue tests to the maximum static pullout one achieved in each test series.
Caractérisation du transfert liquide/gaz du sulfure d’hydrogène dans les réseaux d’assainissement

Le sulfure d’hydrogene (H2S) est un gaz malodorant, dangereux, et responsable de la corrosion du beton dans les canalisations d’eaux usees. Ce dernier phenomene est tres couteux pour les collectivites. Le compose H2S est genere sous forme soluble dans les zones anaerobies des reseaux d’assainissement (biofilms, sediments, zones stagnantes ou conduites forcees) et est ensuite emis dans l’atmosphere des canalisations sous forme gazeuse dans les conduites gravitaires. Des modeles sont necessaires pour ameliorer la conception et la gestion des systemes de collecte des eaux usees. L’objectif de cette these est de mieux comprendre les mecanismes de transfert d’H2S lors de l’ecoulement gravitaire d’un liquide sature en gaz dissous. Nous avons developpe des techniques de mesure du coefficient de transfert a l’interface liquide-gaz pour le sulfure d’hydrogene et pour l’oxygene. L’influence des conditions hydrodynamiques (vitesse d’eau), aerauliques (vitesse d’air) et de la surface d’echange a ete etudiee dans differentes geometries : une cuve agitee de 5 L et une canalisation de 10 metres de longueur. Nous avons ainsi pu etablir la forte influence de la vitesse d’eau sur le coefficient de transfert global. Cette approche experimentale a ete completee par une approche de modelisation. En utilisant la mecanique des fluides numerique, nous avons essaye de comprendre l’evolution du coefficient de transfert a partir des fluctuations hydrodynamiques locales observees a proximite de l’interface liquide gaz. Les parametres les plus pertinents pour expliquer les observations effectuees semblent etre les grandeurs liees a la turbulence. L’application future de ce type de correlation serait l’estimation et la prevision des zones d’emissions d’H2S. Ainsi serait-il possible d’identifier les points necessitant une surveillance et une maintenance particuliere.
A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of Exercise in Aortic Dissection Survivors

There are currently no evidence-based guidelines for exercise after thoracic aortic dissection (TAD), leading to highly variable recommendations that frequently lead patients to restrict their physical activities. This multicenter randomized controlled trial was intended to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a moderate intensity guided exercise program for TAD survivors. Participants were eligible for the trial if they had a Type A or Type B dissection at least 90 days before enrollment and could attend two in-person study visits. The guided exercise circuit consisted of six aerobic, isotonic, or isometric exercises that participants continued at home with virtual follow up sessions. The primary endpoint is the change in the composite anxiety and depression PROMIS-29 T-score at 12 months. Secondary endpoints include changes in grip strength, weight, 24-hr ambulatory blood pressure, and arterial biomechanical properties measured by central arterial waveform analysis. Preliminary analysis of the first 81 enrolled participants demonstrated that the guided exercise circuit was completed safely and was not associated with severe exertional hypertension, injury, or adverse cardiovascular events. At enrollment, most participants had adverse central waveform or ABPM characteristics that are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality, such as increased arterial stiffness, nocturnal hypertension, elevated pulse pressure, or blunted nocturnal dipping. Follow up of enrolled participants with longitudinal hemodynamic data to evaluate the impact of the exercise program will conclude in October 2024.