Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Onion Solid Waste as a Potential Source of Functional Food Ingredients

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most basic and most consumed vegetables in human diet with a long tradition of use in food and medicine. It is grown and traded worldwide for culinary purpose because of its distinctive aroma and high nutritive value. Nowadays, onion production is increasing as well as the demand for processed onion, leading to the generation of a substantial amount of industrial waste. The waste biomass is mainly composed of outer scales, skin, roots, tops of the bulbs, and deteriorated bulbs. The use of onion waste as a potential source of functional food ingredients is one way of its valorization, highly in line with the current trends in the food industry to improve by waste reuse while responding to the increasing demand for functional food. Onion waste components exhibiting functional potential are: (i) flavonols – quercetin and quercetin glucosides, known for antioxidant activity; (ii) fructooligosaccharides, well-established prebiotics; (iii) cell-wall polysaccharides, as a part of dietary fibre, or specifically pectin as a known food additive and/or a potential source of prebiotic oligomers; and (iv) organosulfuric compounds. The use of onion waste in food production is still in the research stage, but shows promising results in the incorporation of powdered onion waste concentrates and extracts into various food matrices to obtain innovative products with improved antioxidant and prebiotic quality.
Performance Appraisal of an On-Demand Routing Protocol AODV in Different Ad Hoc Networks

— AODV is one of the most popular on-demand routing protocol. In AODV, the routes are maintained just as long as it is necessary. In AODV broadcasting of every change in the network to every node is not necessary. At any instant of the network, if any link breaks it does not affect the ongoing transmission and also no global broadcasting is required, only the affected nodes are informed locally. The aim of the paper is to study the performance of AODV in different ad hoc network scenarios. The study is carried out in two ad hoc networks, viz. MANET and Wireless Mesh Network (WMN). The AODV protocol is implemented to work with both the network scenarios. The simulation of the comparative study of AODV in MANET and in WMN is shown in this paper. And the simulation results clearly depicts that the AODV routing protocol in WMN performs much better than in MANET, as WMN is more stable in comparison to MANET. Hence it could be suggested that, AODV routing protocol is an idle choice for WMNs.
Listeria monocytogenes Modulates Natural Immune Response to Murine Macrophage Surface Molecule F4/80 A Monoclonal Antibody Directed Against the

1 Whole spleen cell cultures from SCID mice release high levels of IFN- g when exposed to heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes (HKL). This microbe-induced and T cell-independent response depends on both macrophages (M F ) and NK cells: HKL-stimulated M F release TNF- a and IL-12, which together activate NK cells for IFN- g release. We show here that this cytokine-mediated activation cascade can be modulated by a mAb against the M F surface glycoprotein F4/80. HKL-induced IL-12, TNF- a , and IFN- g in SCID whole spleen cell cultures was inhibited by coincubation with anti-F4/80 mAb whereas IL-1 and IL-10 were enhanced. Both effects were apparent at mRNA and protein release levels. Whereas inhibitory activities were F4/80 Ag speciﬁc, stimulatory effects were Fc dependent and nonspeciﬁc. Furthermore, cytokine inhibition by anti-F4/80 was only apparent when M F and NK cells were present simultaneously and in close vicinity, indicating that direct cell-to-cell contact is a prerequisite. These data suggest a novel pathway for microbe-induced M F /NK cell interaction involving direct cell-to-cell signaling and give the ﬁrst evidence for a functional role of the M F surface glycoprotein F4/80. The Journal of Immunology, 1999, 163: 3409–3416. ﬁrst
LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED OIL AND GAS COMPANIES IN NIGERIA

The purpose of this paper is to figure out the link between liquidity and profitability, as well as the impact of liquidity on profitability. Ten listed companies with a bigger market share in the oil and gas sector of the Nigerian economy were subjected to a fixed panel regression study. Secondary data was gathered for ten years, from 2011 to 2020, from their published annual reports. Profit after tax (PAT), Return on Asset (ROA), and Return on Equity (ROE) were used to determine profitability (ROE). Internal liquidity variables such as equity, debt, and sales were utilized to determine the behavior of the dependent variable, but external elements such as lending interest rate and exchange rate were employed to further explain profitability behavior. The data were analyzed using a multiple regression approach. The findings reveal that debt has a significant negative impact on companies' profitability. Similarly, equity capital, as well as retained earnings, are more beneficial to firms than the debt financing of the oil and gas sector. The study, therefore, recommends that oil and gas firms should boost their equity capital, improve their revenues, increase their retain earnings, and reduce debt financing to enable them to generate more wealth for shareholders.
The dacF-spoIL4 Operon of Bacillus subtilis, Encoding cF, Is Autoregulated

The spoIlA operon of Bacillus subtilis encodes CF and two proteins that may regulate sigma factor activity. High level induction of the tricistronic spoILU operon occurs early during spore formation. At later times, the locus is cotranscribed with the upstream gene dacF, which encodes a putative DD-carboxypeptidase. In this study, the regulation of dacF-spoIU transcription has been analyzed. Expression of a dacF-lacZ transcriptional fusion during sporulation required rF but not the later-expressed sporulation-associated sigma factors. Induction of (rF synthesis during vegetative growth caused expression of dacF-lacZ fusions. The dacF-spoIIA promoter sequence is similar to sequences of previously identified rF promoters. It is concluded that dacF-spoIIA is transcribed by EGF. We present evidence that dacF-spoIU is also transcribed by ErG, as is the case for the three other promoters known to be transcribed by E(TF. In the course of this work, we noticed that some spoIIGA mutant strains had apparently accumulated second-site mutations that prevented dacF-lacZ expression.
use by plankton in the eastern subtropical

-Nitrate concentration was measured in seawater samples from the euphotic zone at the beginning and end of 12-h, daytime, in situ incubations. The changes in concentration are considered to be measurements of new produc- tion. During periods of 2-3 weeks in March-April 1989, important time scales for NO,- input to the euphotic zone (i.e. residence times) and new production were -26 d at 18”N, 3 low and - 10 d near 33”N, 2l’W. The average rate of NOjm use in the two areas was 2.63 and 0.62 mmol N me2 (12 h)-‘, or, in carbon equivalents 209 and 49 mg C me2 d- I, respectively. These values bracket the large-scale estimate by Jenkins of new production in the nearby beta triangle of 150 mg C m-Z d-l in this R. sci-entific found a discrepancy between the urea-N removed from solution and that recovered in particles. Abstract-Floating and attached cyanobacteri- al mats consisting primarily of Microcoleus lyng- byaceus, a nonheterocystous, filamentous cyano- bacterium, are a permanent feature of the nearshore marine environment
HIF-1 has a central role in the organismal response to selenium

12 Selenium is a trace element for most organisms; its deficiency and excess are detrimental. 13 Selenium beneficial effects are mainly due to the role of the 21 st genetically encoded 14 amino acid selenocysteine (Sec). Selenium also exerts Sec-independent beneficial effects. 15 Its harmful effects are thought to be mainly due to non-specific incorporation in protein 16 synthesis. Yet the selenium response in animals is poorly understood. In C. elegans , Sec 17 is genetically incorporated into a single selenoprotein. Similar to mammals, a 20-fold 18 excess of the optimal selenium requirement is harmful. Selenite (Na 2 SeO 3 ) excess causes 19 development retardation, impaired growth, and neurodegeneration of motor neurons. To 20 study the organismal response to selenium we performed a genetic screen for C. elegans 21 mutants that are resistant to selenite. We isolated non-sense and missense egl-9/EGLN 22 mutants that confer robust resistance to selenium. In contrast, hif-1 / HIF null mutant was 23 highly sensitive to selenium, establishing a role for this transcription factor in the 24 selenium response. We showed that EGL-9
Design of Experiments to Compare Base Station Antenna Configurations

Publishing measurement results without elaborating on the uncertainty included is a common practice in the wireless community. Therefore, it is not surprising that the application of state-of-the-art variance reduction techniques to wireless research is rarely seen. In this paper, we discuss, exemplarily, the benchmarking of the average link capacity of a $4\times 4$ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink resulting from different base station (BS) antenna configurations. We show that the capacity of this downlink is not only dependent on the antenna spacing (the effect we want to measure), but also on the position of the antennas (an effect we need to control for). Unfortunately, once we change the antenna spacing, we cannot avoid changing the position of the antennas as well. We show that by applying the variance reduction technique of randomizing BS antenna positions, we get more accurate results. We further show that without increasing the effort, our favored method of matching completely eliminates the systematic error of position dependence. Both methodologies can also be applied to throughput measurements and larger antenna arrays, especially to virtual antenna array measurements for massive MIMO.
Relationship between eruptions of active-region ﬁlaments and associated ﬂares and coronal mass ejections

To better understand the dynamical process of active-region ﬁlament eruptions and associated ﬂares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), we carried out a statistical study of 120 events observed by Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO), Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) and the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) on board Solar and Heliospheric Observatory ( SOHO ) from 1998 to 2007. We combined ﬁlament observations with the NOAA’s ﬂare reports, Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) magnetograms and Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) data, to investigate the relationship between active-region ﬁlament eruptions and other solar activities. We found that 115 out of 120 (about 96 per cent) ﬁlament eruptions are associated with ﬂares. 56 out of 105 (about 53 per cent) ﬁlament eruptions are found to be associated with CMEs except for 15 events without corresponding LASCO data. We note the limitation of coronagraphs duo to geometry or sensitivity, leading to many smaller CMEs that are Earth-directed or well out of the plane of sky not being detected by near-Earth spacecraft. Excluding those without corresponding LASCO data, the CME association rate of active-region ﬁlament eruptions clearly increases with X-ray ﬂare class from about 32 per cent for C-class ﬂares to 100 per cent for X-class ﬂares. We also found that the eruptions of active-region ﬁlaments associated with halo CMEs are often accompanied by large ﬂares (18 out of 20 events; ≥ M1.0). About 92 per cent events (11 out of 12) associated with X-class ﬂare are associated with halo CMEs. Such a result is due to the fact that the Earth-directed CMEs detected as halo CMEs are often the larger CMEs and many of the smaller ones are not detected because of the geometry and low intensity. The average speed of the associated CMEs of ﬁlament eruptions increases with X-ray ﬂare size from 563.7 km s − 1 for C-class ﬂares to 1506.6 km s − 1 for X-class ﬂares. Excluding the active region located in the area more than 50 ◦ from the solar centre and ﬁve without corresponding MDI data, the β magnetic ﬁeld conﬁguration (about 47 per cent; 36 out of 77) is more likely to form eruptive ﬁlaments than the other ones and there are 33 ﬁlament eruptions associated with magnetic ﬂux cancellation, 42 events associated with magnetic ﬂux emergence and two events without variation of magnetic ﬁeld. The average area of emergence regions is 855.9 arcsec 2 . These ﬁndings may be instructive not only in respect to the modelling of active-region ﬁlament eruptions but also in predicting ﬂares and CMEs.
Optimization of Electrical Distribution Feeders

The planning of electrical power distribution systems strongly influences the supply of electrical power to consumers. The problem is to minimize both the investment cost for feeder and substations, and the power-loss cost. When the substations can already provide enough power flow, then the problem reduces to minimize the total cost related to the feeders and their power-loss. The difficulty of dealing with this problem increases rapidly with its size (i.e., the number of customers). It seems appropriate to use heuristic methods to obtain suboptimal solutions, since exact methods are too much time consuming. In this paper, a simulated annealing algorithm is used. A set of numerical results are pro- vided. Index Terms—Distribution system, feeder reconfiguration, heuristic solution, loss reduction, simulated annealing (SA).
Novel potential synthetic compounds from thiazolidin-4-one for infectious diseases

Incidence and mortality from infectious diseases have increased during the past decade. One of the main reasons is the drug resistance of bacteria, which leads to the appearance of the so-called “superbugs” (i.e., bacteria with extensive or total resistance to commonly used antibiotics). These superbugs, are mostly generated from normal strains of bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa [1], Helicobacter pylori [2], and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) [3]. Dangerously, they have spread worldwide, from the USA [4] and Canada [5] to India [6]. Hence, the search for new antibiotics is vital. In this issue, Pham et al. [7] report the synthesis of 12 new compounds derived from thiazolidin-4-one, followed by evaluation of their antimicrobial activity. Their article, “Antimicrobial activity of some novel 2-(2-iodophenylimino)5-arylidenethiazolidin-4-one derivatives”, describes a simple method to synthesize antibacterial molecules with high yields (>50%) for all compounds. The chemical structures of these compounds have been elucidated by the authors using spectroscopic methods, including infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Although no compounds show antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger, some of them exhibit remarkable antibacterial effects on both S. aureus and MRSA, with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) being as low as 4 mg/mL. These compounds can be further studied in terms of their cytotoxicity, using animal tests in vivo, as a prelude to their evaluation in the clinic as candidate drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases. Although well conducted, there are some limitations to the present work. The synthesis is a multistep process, which makes it difficult for industrial scale-up. Moreover, the types of bacteria tested were limited to 5 strains.
Drover for Post Disaster Search and Rescue

This paper is based on the real life experiences that we came across as volunteers of the flood that struck Kerala in the month of August 2018.We realized from the witnesses of the victims that most of them were rescued after quite a long time. There were also incidents where family members had to keep watch over the dead bodies of their loved ones, whose lives could have been rescued had the rescue team arrived earlier. Drones have been in use for search and rescue for some time now and so are rovers. But drones suffer from fast depletion of battery and difficulty to manoeuvre indoors while rovers find it difficult to overcome obstacles like boulders and debris. So, stand-alone units of drone or rovers are not that effective when it comes to a disaster situation like collapsed building in an earthquake. The proposed drover or the combined drone-rover platform equipped with camera and wireless transmission system will improve the effectiveness of search and rescue operations by the enhanced maneuverability it attains due to its ability to fly and traverse the ground.
On using Principal Components before Separating a Mixture of Two Multivariate Normal Distributions

In applying principal components for reducing the dimension of the data before clustering, it has ordinarily been the practice to use components with the largest eigenvalues. We prove, by means of a mixture of two multivariate normal distributions, that this practice is not justified in general. A relationship between the distance of the two sub populations and any subset of principal components is derived, showing that the components with the larger eigenvalues do not necessarily contain more information (distance). This result is further demonstrated through hypothetical as well as real situations which use actual data. The effect of scaling the variables on the distribution of the information to different components is investigated. An application to a mixture of two normal distributions is illustrated by utilizing a set of generated data in which the information is concentrated in the components with the largest and the smallest eigenvalues.
Specific structural Interpretation of 3D seismic data in Sijiazhuang Mining area based on Amplitude and Curvature Attribute fusion

: Now, with the rapid development of large-scale mine construction in China,the requirements of three-dimensional seismic exploration and interpretation of coalfields are becoming higher. Numerous new methods are emerging, mainly ,Attribute technology plays an increasingly important role.Because of the phenomenon that the interpretation accuracy of 3D seismic exploration in coalfield is not high at present,but the seismic exploration accuracy is required to be high due to the high degree of coal mining intensification, we can make full use of attribute interpretation technology and combine the traditional time profile interpretation to identify small structures and we can find some minor faults, collapse columns, and other structural phenomena. This research has been applied in the Sijiazhuang mining area, some small structures have been found, and proper application results have been achieved. It is found that the combination of seismic attribute technology and GeoFrame interpretation system can effectively improve the interpretation accuracy and has high research value.
Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins In Norwegian Mussels

Mussels infested with diarrhetic shellfish toxins were collected for toxin analyses at Arendal on the south coast and at Sogndal in Sognefiord of Norway. The Arendal mussels contained okadaic acid as the principal toxin, while the Sogndal mussels contained dinophysistoxin-1 as the major toxin and yessotoxin as the minor toxin. These results provide the first evidence for mul- tiple toxin profiles in mussels from European country. Chromatographic and spectrometric methods for determining microquantities of the toxins were established.
Blocking IgG Activity and Mucosal and Peripheral IL-10 Responses Grass Pollen Immunotherapy Induces

T regulatory cells and IL-10 have been implicated in the mechanism of immunotherapy in patients with systemic anaphylaxis following bee stings. We studied the role of IL-10 in the induction of clinical, cellular, and humoral tolerance during immunotherapy for local mucosal allergy in subjects with seasonal pollinosis. Local and systemic IL-10 responses and serum Ab concentrations were measured before/after a double-blind trial of grass pollen ( Phleum pratense, Phl P) immunotherapy. We observed local increases in IL-10 mRNA-positive cells in the nasal mucosa after 2 years of immunotherapy, but only during the pollen season. IL-10 protein-positive cells were also increased and correlated with IL-10 mRNA (cid:1) cells. These changes were not observed in placebo-treated subjects or in healthy controls. Fifteen and 35% of IL-10 mRNA signals were colocalized to CD3 (cid:1) T cells and CD68 (cid:1) macrophages, respectively, whereas only 1–2% of total CD3 (cid:1) cells and 4% of macrophages expressed IL-10. Following immunotherapy, peripheral T cells cultured in the presence of grass pollen extract also produced IL-10. Immunotherapy resulted in blunting of seasonal increases in serum allergen Phl p 5-speciﬁc IgE, 60- to 80-fold increases in Phl p 5-speciﬁc IgG, and 100-fold increases in Phl p 5-speciﬁc IgG4. Post-immunotherapy serum exhibited inhibitory activity, which coeluted with IgG4, and blocked IgE-facilitated binding of allergen-IgE complexes to B cells. IgG was measured using puriﬁed 125 I-labeled Phl p 5 allergen. A two-step procedure was used: the serum was preincubated with the solid phase and nonbound Abs were removed before adding the labeled Ag. Serum (1.25 (cid:3) l/test) was incubated with cyanogen bro-mide-activated Sepharose-coupled protein G (0.5 mg/test; Pharmacia, Upp- sala, Sweden) and (cid:2) 1 ng iodinated allergen was added. After overnight incubation, Sepharose-bound radioactivity was measured. High samples were retested at appropriate dilutions. The results were converted into units by comparison with dilutions of a reference serum. Allergen-speciﬁc IgG4 was measured in a similar way, but instead of Sepharose-coupled protein G we used Sepharose-coupled monoclonal anti-IgG4. The results were expressed as arbitrary units as compared with known standards.