Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Governing Decarbonisation: The State and the New Politics of Climate Change

This dissertation examines the “new climate politics of decarbonisation” and the role of the state as a site for progressive climate action. This new politics concerns transformative social change aimed at moving society away from its current dependence on fossil carbon energy. A transition to low-carbon societal development hinges on restructuring and decarbonising those key systems, structures and practices that generate carbon emissions. Engaging with theoretical perspectives on the state in environmental governance and its role in steering policy change and enabling system transformations, I examine how the state can govern decarbonisation through exploring empirical examples across a wide range of policy sectors such as energy, transport and industry. Given the centrality of state authority in the organisation of modern society, a low carbon transition is conditioned on authoritative steering, long-term active support of state institutions and a diversified portfolio of policy approaches and objectives. The material for this compilation thesis is drawn from the Swedish policy realm. The included papers analyse the development of arrangements for environmental governance, climate policy discourse and institutional conditions for governing low-carbon transitions by means of public policy in Sweden. A key insight across these papers is that the state remains a critical site for steering and enabling system transformations. A modern (environmental) welfare state, such as Sweden, holds untapped capacities to govern decarbonisation by progressively advancing and scaling up the efforts to reorient societal development. Thus, a decarbonising state can be made more actively engaged in steering and enabling processes of low-carbon transitions, and could explore new ways for orchestrating a wide range of low-carbon initiatives and developments.
CP29, a Monomeric Light-harvesting Complex II Protein, Is Essential for State Transitions in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii*

In oxygen-evolving photosynthesis, the two photosystems, photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII), function in parallel, and their excitation levels must be balanced to maintain an optimal photosynthetic rate under various light conditions. State transitions balance excitation energy between the two photosystems by redistributing light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) proteins. Here we describe two RNA interference (RNAi) mutants of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with one of the minor monomeric LHCII proteins, CP29 or CP26, knocked down. These two proteins have been identified in PSI-LHCI supercomplexes that harbor mobile LHCII proteins from PSII under a state where PSII is preferentially excited (State 2). We show that both the CP29 and CP26 RNAi mutants undergo reductions in the PSII antenna size during a transition from State 1 (a state where PSI is preferentially excited) to State 2, as reflected by nonphotochemical quenching of fluorescence, low temperature fluorescence spectra, and functional absorption cross-section. However, the undocked LHCIIs from PSII do not re-associate with PSI in the CP29-RNAi (b4i) mutant because the antenna size of PSI was not complementary increased. The mobile LHCIIs in the CP26-RNAi (b5i) mutant, however, re-associate with PSI, whose PSI-LHCI/II supercomplex is visualized on a sucrose density gradient. This study clarifies that CP29, not CP26, is an essential component in state transitions and demonstrates that CP29 is crucial when mobile LHCIIs re-associate with PSI under State 2 conditions.
Increasing positive sleep behaviors in young children who are blind : the significance of auditory sleep association stimuli.

INCREASING POSITIVE SLEEP BEHAVIORS IN YOUNG CHILDREN WHO ARE BLIND: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF AUDITORY SLEEP ASSOCIATION STIMULI Donna Brostek Lee May 21,2012 Research has confirmed that individuals with blindness have an increased risk of developing sleep problems; this is especially problematic for families with young children who are blind. Not only does the lack of sleep impact the growth and development of the child, but it also directly affects the entire family. A single-subject A-B-A-B research design was implemented with three young children having visual acuities of light perception or no light perception that were having sleep problems. At the start of study, none of the children had any other major medical diagnosis other than their visual impairment. The intervention (B phases) consisted of a bubble tube activated at bedtime and turned off in the morning serving as an auditory zeitgeber (time cue) and positive sleep association. Although light is typically the primary zeitgeber, research indicates that until the age ofthree to four-years-old, children are stilling developing their sleep patterns and may be amenable to learning other zeitgebers that help them establish an appropriate 24-hour sleep cycle. Sleep patterns were measured using an ActiGraph monitor worn continuously throughout the study, in addition to information provided by caregivers in a daily sleep log. Although there were some positive effects noted, the investigation failed to show a
PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE ON SEEDLING HERBIVORY Microsite affects willow sapling recovery from bank vole (Myodes glareolus) herbivory, but does not affect grazing risk

† Background Large herbivores are often removed or reduced as part of vegetation restoration programmes, but the resultant increase in vegetation biomass and changes in vegetation structure may favour small mammals. Small mammals may have large impacts on plant community composition via granivory and sapling herbivory, and increased small mammal populations may reduce any benefits of large herbivore removal for highly preferred species. This study tested the impacts of small mammal herbivory, microsite characteristics and their interaction on growth and survival of three montane willow species with differing chemical compositions, Salix lapponum, S. myrsinifolia and S. arbuscula. † Methods In two separate years, 1-year-old saplings were planted within a 180 ha, large-mammal scrub regeneration exclosure, and either experimentally protected from or exposed to small mammals (bank voles). Saplings were planted in one of two microsite treatments, vegetation mown (to mimic a grazed sward) or disturbed (all aboveand below-ground competition removed), and monitored throughout the first year of growth. † Key results Approximately 40 % of saplings planted out in each year were damaged by bank voles, but direct mortality due to damage was very low (,2 %). There were no strong species differences in susceptibility to vole damage. Microsite treatment had no impact on the proportion of saplings attacked, but in 2004 saplings in mown microsites were more severely damaged and had smaller increases in size than those in disturbed microsites. In 2003, saplings in mown microsites had smaller increases in stem diameter following attack than those in disturbed microsites. † Conclusions Planting 1-year-old willow saplings into disturbed microsites may aid growth, reduce the severity of small mammal damage and improve recovery following sub-lethal small mammal damage. Restoration management of montane willow scrub should therefore consider manipulating the planting site to provide disturbed areas of soil.
Surface Soil Organic Matter Qualities of Three Distinct Canadian Arctic Sites

Abstract Cryosolic soils store large amounts of carbon (C) because soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition is slower than plant growth. The response of arctic SOM to climate change is likely to depend not only on temperature, but also upon complex interactions between soil properties and SOM chemistry. We hypothesized that organic surface soils (>17% carbon) have more labile SOM than mineral surface soils (<17% carbon). Furthermore, we hypothesized that high arctic soils have more labile SOM than soils from the Low Arctic and subarctic. This study was conducted in 3 arctic ecosystems: subarctic (Churchill, Manitoba; n = 138), Low Arctic (Daring Lake, Northwest Territories;n = 60), and High Arctic (Truelove Lowlands, Nunavut; n = 54). The 0–10 cm depth of several different Cryosolic soils was sampled. The results from density fractionation and solid-state 13C cross polarization and magic angle spinning (CPMAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy showed that organic surface soils contained relatively more labile C than mineral surface soils. Organic soils contained about 13% more O-Alkyl-C and 30% less Aromatic-C than mineral soils. Furthermore, for Churchill, Daring Lake, and Truelove organic soils, 53, 73, and 20% of the C was included in the light fraction of SOM [LF (LF < 1.55 g mL-1)], whereas 24, 19, and 14% of the C was included in the LF of mineral soils, respectively. Organic surface soils of subarctic and low arctic sites contained relatively more labile C than the high arctic site. Results showed that the subarctic and low arctic sites store about 15% more O-alkyl-C and 35% less Aromatic-C than high arctic organic soils (P < 0.001).
Effects of Farming Practices on the Transfer of Phosphorus in Rural Catchments

To better understand the role of agriculture in the eutrophication of surface waters, the spatial and temporal variation in P concentrations in streams and storm runoff was examined in relation to historic and current farming practices (upland pasture improvement, soil P accumulation, soil cultivations and fertiliser and manure inputs) and other sources of P (farmyards, road runoff and wastewater discharge) in a number of small rural catchments in England. In an upland pasture catchment and a lowland mixed farming catchment, soil P was the major source of P export rather than annual field operations which generally did not coincide with the main periods of hydrological connectivity. The majority of P transfer was in particulate form (>0. 45 pm), although field plot investigations suggested this form of P was relatively insensitive to differences in soil P fertility as compared to the dissolved P fraction, and may release P to the watercolumn even at low soil P concentrations. Three mitigation options (early sowing, reduced cultivations and tramline removal) for reducing soil particulate P transfer were compared at the field scale. All three options had positive effects. Early crop establishment was the most effective, but not consistently so, suggesting a combination of measures is required on farms. Analysis of 118 storm runoff samples showed that farmyard and road runoff, and runoff receiving wastewater (septic tank) discharges were more concentrated in P than surface and sub-surface runoff from agricultural fields. These sources also arrive more continuously through the year and therefore are potentially more ecologically damaging than runoff from farmed land. It is concluded that urbanisation maybe a greater threat to eutrophication than agricultural intensification even in small rural catchments and that effective, integrated catchment management requires collective social responsibility to tackle the multiple sources of P entering water and not just the targeting of the farming community.
Automatic Synthesis of Extended Burst-mode Circuits: Part I (specification and Hazard-free Implementations)

— We introduce a new design style called extended burst-mode. The extended burst-mode design style covers a wide spectrum of sequential circuits ranging from delay-insensitive to synchronous. We can synthesize multiple-input change asynchronous finite state machines, and many circuits that fall in the gray area (hard to classify as synchronous or asyn-chronous) which are difficult or impossible to synthesize automatically using existing methods. Our implementation of extended burst-mode machines uses standard CMOS logic, generates low-latency outputs, and guarantees freedom from hazards at the gate level. In Part I, we formally define the extended burst-mode specification, provide an overview of the synthesis method, and describe the hazard-free synthesis requirements for two different next-state logic synthesis methods: two-level sums-of-products implementation and generalized C-elements implementation. We also present an extension to existing theories for hazard-free combinational synthesis to handle non-monotonic input changes.
Laboratory study of responses of anuran amphibians to Roundup(RTM) exposures: Experimental design and role of sediment

The contribution of incidental exposures of Roundup herbicide to amphibian declines can be evaluated with carefully designed laboratory tests. Sensitive, sentinel species of larval anurans were exposed to two formulations: the original formulation of Roundup and Roundup WeatherMax in 96-hour acute, aqueous and water-sediment tests. An experimental design was developed that considered and held constant relevant laboratory conditions which produced precise, replicable data. Experimental design factors decreased variability and increased precision by considering and incorporating the following: 1) range-finding tests; 2) reference toxicity tests; 3) the relative sensitivity of the species tested; 4) differences in formulation; 5) the number of concentrations; 6) the amount of replication; 7) test duration; 8) verification of exposures; and 9) other conditions necessary for acceptability of tests. Responses of larval anurans to the two formulations were discerned in unconfounded aqueous toxicity testing, and although these data are inherently conservative, tests provided information regarding potency of the two formulations which isolated the exposures of interest. Responses of Hyla chrysoscelis, Bufo fowleri, and Rana catesbeiana differed significantly between the two formulations (p<0.0001). This difference was likely due to the polyethoxylated tallow amine (POEA) surfactant in the original formulation of Roundup and the proprietary surfactant in Roundup WeatherMax. We were able to discern the importance of competing ligands such as sediments in laboratory toxicity testing by conducting controlled experiments contrasting responses of B. fowleri, H. chrysoscelis, R. pipiens, R.
Back EMF Design of an AFPM Motor using PCB Winding by Quasi 3D Space Harmonic Analysis Method

This paper presents a method to design the waveform of a back electromotive force (back EMF) of an axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motor using printed circuit board (PCB) windings. When the magnetization distribution of permanent magnet (PM) is given, the magnetic field in the air gap region is calculated by the quasi three dimensional (3D) space harmonic analysis (SHA) method. Once the flux density distribution in the winding region is determined, the required shape of the back EMF can be obtained by adjusting the winding distribution. This can be done by modifying the distance between patterns of PCB to control the harmonics in the winding distribution. The proposed method is verified by finite element analysis (FEA) results and it shows the usefulness of the method in eliminating a specific harmonic component in the back EMF waveform of a motor.
SPAWNING FREQUENCIES AND BREEDING SEASONS OF SOME FRESHWATER FISHES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THOSE OCCURRING IN THE PLAINS OF NORTHERN INDIA

IT is well known that the differences in the spawning behaviour of teleosts can to a certain extent be illustrated on the basis of the condition revealed by the unspawned eggs in the ovary (Heidrich, 1925; Clark, 1925, 1934; Hickling and Rutenberg, 1936). Many studies on the ova diameter frequencies have been undertaken during recent years and in almost all cases it has been accepted that species which have all the ovarian eggs of similar size spawn them together whereas those which have a wide range in oocyte sizes may have several groups of eggs matured and shed periodically during the breeding season (De Jong, 1939; Prabhu, 1956 and Dharmamba, 1959). Qasim (1956 a and 1956 b) made similar studies on two marine fishes Blennius pholis L. and Centronotus gunnellus (L.) and confirmed his results on the frequency of spawning by an observation in the aquarium.
Efficient Interactive Construction of Machine-Checked Protocol Security Proofs in the Context of Dynamically Compromising Adversaries

In this master thesis, we provide a method for the efficient interactive construction of machinecheckable protocol security proofs in the context of compromising adversaries. In our method, we first specify a protocol according to our security protocol model. That means we specify which data is sent and received. Moreover, we also specify at which points in the protocol execution, data is stored in an unprotected system state, when a session-key is established, and which data is a randomly generated number. In our security protocol model, the adversary can reveal data from all three categories. Moreover he can also reveal long-term secrets of protocol participants. In the next step of our proof method, we specify the capabilities of the adversary. Based on these capabilities, we specify security properties. Before proving them, we establish a property per message meant to be secret. This property lists the reveals the adversary has to perform in order to learn the message. In the secrecy property proofs, we can use the property of the according message to verify that non of the reveals are allowed and therefore the message is secret. Moreover we use secrecy properties for shortening authentication property proofs. We apply this proof method successfully to various protocols from the literature as well as artificial protocol creations. The security proof construction times depend on how much short-term data is available. In protocols without short-term data they are comparable to other methods for interactive construction of machine-checkable protocol security proofs. For our proof method, we use a method that provides efficient construction of machinecheckable protocol security proofs for a Dolev-Yao style adversary as base. From the according security protocol model, we first removed the Dolev-Yao style adversary and replaced it with the compromising adversaries framework. Then we adopted the proof method to support the explicit capabilities of the adversary.
Inflation and Growth: in Search of a Stable Relationship Inflation and Growth: a Tour across the Decades the View from the 1960s

A re inflation and growth inversely associated , directly associated, or not associated? Is the empirical inflation-growth relationship primarily a long-run relationship across countries, a short-run relationship across time, or both? Like a bickering couple, inflation and growth just cannot seem to decide what their relationship should be. In this article, we characterize the literature on inflation and growth. Aware of the limits of our comparative advantage, we do not intend to do a general survey of the literature. Instead, we look at the aspects of the literature that motivated us to pursue one particular angle in our own recent work: the behavior of growth before, during, and after discrete high inflation crises. Observers of extreme inflation have never had much doubt that inflation was bad for the economy. Keynes, as usual, gave the most eloquent statement, " As the inflation proceeds and the real value of the currency fluctuates wildly from month to month, all permanent relations between debtors and creditors, which form the ultimate foundation of capitalism, become so utterly disordered as to be almost meaningless ; and the process of wealth-getting degenerates into a gamble and a lottery. " 1 The emphasis on information and the financial system has returned to the literature today. 2 But inflation and growth relationships have looked very different over time. We take snapshots of the literature in the 1960s and then in the 1980s. In the high-growth, low-inflation 1960s, the traditional view that inflation was destructive no longer seemed so compelling. It was the Golden Age of the Phillips Curve, in which inflation and growth were positively related in the short run. Even in the long run, Tobin and Sidrausky suggested a positive effect on growth from higher inflation. When inflation was high, wealth would be reallocated away from money and into physical capital. Similarly, some development theories suggested that inflation was as good a way as any to mobilize resources for capital accumulation. There was little in the early experience of developing countries to contradict this view. Israel' s economy, for example, grew at around 10 percent per annum between 1948 and 1973, with an inflation rate of around 6 percent to 7 percent per annum. Both of these figures were double the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) numbers for the same period. The higher, largely anticipated inflation was a price considered well worth paying, especially as widespread …
1. PALEOGENE AND NEOGENE PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERAL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE NEW JERSEY CONTINENTAL SLOPE: SITES 902, 903, AND 904 (LEG 150)1

Holes 904A, 902D, 903C, and 903A provide a cross-slope transect of the New Jersey Margin that is well suited to address the basic objectives of Leg 150 of the Ocean Drilling Program. Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, most complete at Site 904, correlates well with other approaches to Leg 150 stratigraphy (e.g., Sr-isotope analyses), despite problems with reworking (upper Eocene strata) and poor preservation (upper Miocene and portions of middle Miocene strata). The biostratigraphic framework provided by planktonic foraminifers at Sites 902-904 also agrees with and supplements interpretations on a broader regional scale, such as shore-based studies on the New Jersey Coastal Plain. However, the most striking feature revealed by biostratigraphic analyses is how different these three sites are from one another, despite their geographic proximity. These differences reflect the complex oceanographic and depositional history of the New Jersey Margin and its localized responses to both regional and global phenomena.
Single parity check product codes

Questo elaborato presenta ed analizza nel dettaglio i Single Parity Check Product Codes; vengono inizialmente esaminati i concetti alla base di product codes generici, per poi passare ad una focalizzazione sui Single Parity Check Product Codes e sulla relativa codifica e decodifica. Verranno trattate nel dettaglio la codifica concatenata e la decodifica iterativa, nozioni fondamentali per i product codes, nonche le prestazioni degli SPCPC su canale binario simmetrico e canale AWGN