Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decoupling the Effects of Interfacial Chemistry and Grain Size in Perovskite Stability

This work reports a materials and degradation study of the ubiquitous perovskite absorber methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). MAPbI3 films were solution deposited on systematically varied glass/metal oxide (MO), transparent conductive oxide (TCO)/MO, and TCO/organofunctional silane stacks. Results show that the underlying layers affect the absorber film morphology, and stability under exposure to heat and humidity. Critically, the use of an organofunctional silane modifier can decrease the grain size, but increase the stability of MAPBI3 deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO). Further, non-adjacent layers can also affect the stability of the perovskite films.
Analysis of solid particles falling down and interacting in a channel with sedimentation using fictitious boundary method

We have examined the behavior of solid particles in particulate flows. The interaction of particles with each other and with the fluid is analyzed. Solid particles can move freely through a fixed computational mesh using an Eulerian approach. Fictitious boundary method (FBM) is used for treating the interaction between particles and the fluid. Hydrodynamic forces acting on the particle’s surface are calculated using an explicit volume integral approach. A collision model proposed by Glowinski, Singh, Joseph and coauthors is used to handle particle-wall and particle-particle interactions. The particulate flow is computed using multigrid finite element solver FEATFLOW. Numerical experiments are performed considering two particles falling and colliding and sedimentation of many particles while interacting with each other. Results for these experiments are presented and compared with the reference values. Effects of the particle-particle interaction on the motion of the particles and on the physical behavior of the fluid-particle system has been analyzed.We have examined the behavior of solid particles in particulate flows. The interaction of particles with each other and with the fluid is analyzed. Solid particles can move freely through a fixed computational mesh using an Eulerian approach. Fictitious boundary method (FBM) is used for treating the interaction between particles and the fluid. Hydrodynamic forces acting on the particle’s surface are calculated using an explicit volume integral approach. A collision model proposed by Glowinski, Singh, Joseph and coauthors is used to handle particle-wall and particle-particle interactions. The particulate flow is computed using multigrid finite element solver FEATFLOW. Numerical experiments are performed considering two particles falling and colliding and sedimentation of many particles while interacting with each other. Results for these experiments are presented and compared with the reference values. Effects of the particle-particle interaction on the motion of the particles and on the physical behavior .
Association of Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Related Metabolites in Plasma and Incident Type 2 Diabetes

Key Points Question What is the association of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and related metabolites with the risk of type 2 diabetes? Findings In this cohort study that included 4442 older adults, plasma concentrations of TMAO and related metabolites were not associated with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes. However, elevated concentrations of TMAO, carnitine, crotonobetaine, and γ-butyrobetaine were each cross-sectionally associated with increased fasting insulin levels, a marker of insulin resistance, whereas betaine and choline were associated with decreased fasting insulin levels and an increased index of insulin sensitivity. Meaning Although replication is needed, these findings suggest the possibility of early involvement of TMAO metabolites with glucose-insulin homeostasis, which is detrimental for TMAO and carnitine and favorable for betaine and choline.
Combustion Improvement of Diesel Engine by Mixing ·OH Radical to Fuel Derived from Ultrafine Bubble

We should be combustion improvement of diesel Engine, because environmental issues have become global problems. Among them, the environmental pollution with exhaust gases of fuel combustions is one of the serious global problems. Diesel engines used in ocean-going vessels are very large size, and they use large amount of heavy oil whose quality is extremely poor. Because its exhaust gas contains harmful pollutants (NOx, SOx, COx, PM), tight regulations to keep clean environment have been subjected. IMO (International Maritime Organization) has issued the NOx emission rules, Tier II started from 2011, and Tier III from 2016 [1]. As a result, technologies to reduce NOx concentration, and also PM concentration, have been developed around the world. At the same time, rules to reduce PM and SOx have been issued by limiting sulfur content in fuel oils used on board. At ECA (Emission Control Area), fuel with a sulfur content of no more than 0.1% must be used from 2015. Outside ECA, the sulfur limitation will be reduced from 3.5% to 0.5% in 2020. However, effect of low sulfur concentration in the fuel has been bad lubrication. Therefore vessel diesel engine is used almost mechanical fuel pump, so lubrication is important. Combustion Improvement of Diesel Engine by Mixing
The 3-Axis Scalable Service-Cloud Resource Modeling for Burst Prediction Under Smart Campus Scenario

Internet of Things (IoT) enables smart campuses more convenient for cloud services. The availability of cloud resources to its users appears as a fundamental challenge. The existing research presents several auto-scaling techniques to scale the resources with the increase in users’ demands. However, still, the cloud users of auto-scaled servers experience service disruption, delayed responses, and the occurrence of service bursts. The prevailing burst management framework exhibits limitations in the context of burdening the existing auto-scaled machines for cost estimation and resource allocation. This research presents a 3-axis auto-scaling framework for load balancing and resource allocation by incorporating a dedicated cost estimator and allocator (on the z-axis). The cost estimation server develops a log of existing load estimates of vertical and horizontal servers and scales the new users’ requests in case the vertical threshold is breached with new requests. The cost estimator, in its data structure, keeps track of the current resources available at both vertical and horizontal servers. The historical information of available resources and the new resources’ requests is decided by the cost estimator as per demand and supply scenario. The general characteristics of servers are resources pooling, requests queue development, burst identification, automatic scaling, and load balancing. The cost estimator also prioritizes vertical servers for resource allocations, and switches to the horizontal server when the vertical server reaches its 75% quota of resources. The study simulates 1000 users’ requests of smart campus, adopts state-of-the-art ensemble with bagging strategy and handles an effective class imbalance situation.
Synthesis Isoflavones Derivate: 7-Hydroxy-3',4’-Dimethoxyisoflavone, 7,3’,4’-Trimethoxyisoflavone and 7-O-Acetyl-3’,4’-Dimethoxyisoflavone

Some Isoflavones 7-hydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavone (2), 7,3',4'-trimethoxyisoflavone (3) and 7-O-acetyl-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavone (4) have been synthesized through cyclization reaction of deoxybenzoine using a reagent mixture BF3.Et2O , DMF and POCl3. The DMF reagent was added aiming to add one carbon to form isoflavone 1. The deoxybenzoine (3,4-dimethoxybenzyl-2', 4'-dihydroxyphenylketone, (1) was synthesized by reacting 3,4-dimethoxy benzyl carboxylic acid and resorcinol through Friedel Craft acylation using a Lewis acid (BF3) as a catalyst. The isoflavones 1 was converted into isoflavone 2 via methylation reaction using dimethylsulfate (DMS) and K2CO3 and conversions into isoflavone3 through acetylation reaction using acetylchloride. The results were analyzed using FTIR, GC-MS and 1H NMR spectrometers. Deoxybenzoine derivatives of 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl-2',4'-dihydroxy phenylketone was yielded in 57% with m.p 171-172 °C. The isoflavone 1, 2 and 3 was produced in 58, 52 and 53 % yield, respectively.
Dietary Intake and Health Status of Elderly Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Cross-sectional Study Using a Mobile App in Primary Care

Background Healthy dietary intake reduces the risk of complications of diabetes mellitus. Using assessment methods helps to understand these circumstances, and an electronic application may optimize this practice. Objective In this study, we aimed to (1) assess the dietary intake and health status of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in primary care, (2) use a mobile app as a tool for data collection and analysis in the context of primary care, and (3) verify the perceptions of multidisciplinary health professionals regarding app use. Methods First, we developed a mobile app comprised of the questions of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) of Brazil, which includes a food frequency questionnaire of food categories with a recall of the previous 7 days. Thereafter, we used the app to collect data on the health status and dietary intake of 154 participants, aged 60-96 years, diagnosed with T2DM, and under treatment in primary care centers in the northern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We also collected participants’ demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, and lifestyle variables. The associations between dietary intake and other variables were tested using chi-square tests with a 5% significance level. Regarding the app, we assessed usability and acceptance with 20 health professionals. Results Between August 2018 and December 2018, participants had an intake in line with recommended guidelines for raw salads (57.1%), fruits (76.6%), milk products (68.2%), fried foods (72.7%), savory biscuits (60.4%), cookies or sweets (72.1%), and sugary drinks (92.9%) Meanwhile, the consumption of beans (59.7%), pulses and cooked vegetables (73.4%), and processed meat products (59.7%) was not in line with the guidelines. There were statistically significant differences in meeting the recommended guidelines among participants of different genders (P=.006 and P=.035 for the intake of fried foods and sugary drinks, respectively), place of residence (P=.034 for the intake of cookies and sweets), family history of diabetes (P<.001 for the intake of beans), physical activity engagement (P=.003 for the intake fresh fruits), history of smoking (P=.001 for the intake of raw salads), and presence of coronary disease (P=.050 for the intake of pulses and cooked vegetables). The assessment of usability resulted in a mean score of 71.75 points. Similarly, the assessment of the 15 acceptance questions revealed high scores, and the qualitative questions revealed positive perceptions. Conclusions We identified that most participants complied with recommended intake guidelines for 7 of 10 categories in the SISVAN guidelines. However, most participants were overweight and had nutritional and clinical disorders, which justifies further investigations in this population. The app was well-rated by health professionals and considered a useful and promising tool for collecting and analyzing data in primary care settings.
Motion Stability Evaluation of the Improved Spherical Underwater Robot with Hybrid Propulsion Devices

To meet the challenges of different underwater environments, improve the operating efficiency of the underwater robots, this paper designed the spherical underwater robot with a hybrid propulsion devices (water-jet-device and propeller-device). The robot we designed has different motion modes such as propeller-drive, water-jet-drive, and hybrid drives. It can not only realize speed switching in complex environments, but also enhance motion stability and improve operation efficiency. Then, to analyze the motion characteristics of the SUR, this paper assembled the hybrid propulsion spherical underwater robot (HPSUR). Finally, this paper carried out the motion experiments in the pool, including forward-motion experiments and rotation-motion experiments. The motion experimental result showed that the improved hybrid propulsion devices we designed had better performance, improved the motion speed and work efficiency.
Value of stability in photovoltaic life cycles

PV module stability, in terms of reduced degradation rate and increased lifetime, provides an important lever for reducing the levelized cost of energy and life cycle environmental impacts of PV systems. Adapting an earlier value of efficiency methodology, the PV module cost per watt entitlement for a 30-year system lifetime is estimated to be ＄0.0125/W per 0.1% reduction in annual degradation rate, based on LCOE calculations. From an environmental perspective, the life cycle carbon footprint of a ground-mount PV system in a high solar resource location can be reduced by 0.3-1.0 g CO2-eq/kWh per 0.1% reduction in annual degradation rate. Increasing average PV module lifetime from 30 to 50 years will further increase these benefits, would reduce annual replacements by 40% and would result in net deferment of 62% of the projected module decommissioning through 2050 for PV modules installed in 2020. Increasing lifetime of state-of-the-art PV modules by 20 years to harvest the value of stability fully will require reducing PV module degradation rates to 0.2%/yr.
Scalable Hardware Content Router: Architecture, Modeling and Performance

Current Internet is evolving with the gradual shift from the traditional host-to-host communication model to the new host-to-content paradigm, which will eventually lead to a network of caches. The novel Named Data Networking (NDN) has been proposed as a future Internet architecture to embrace this paradigmatic shift, where caching becomes an ubiquitous functionality available at each router.A router with the functionality of content caching, running on NDN mechanisms, is termed as an NDN-based content router. Previous researchers focused on software content routers (SCR), which leverage a commercial off-the-shelf computer to execute content caching/accessing and named-based packet forwarding. SCR can only achieve limited throughput, which is far below the speed requirements of modern routers. Facing this situation, in this paper, we propose a hardware-based content router (HCR), aiming at purchasing wire-speed processing. We design a physically concise architecture for decoupling the packet buffers in line cards from the content caches attached to storage cards, enabling separate management and optimization while facilitating a modular structure for smooth capacity upgrade in response to increasing storage utilization. For lowering the operating complexity and reducing the storage management cost, we choose to employ distributed caches working in a cooperated manner by using consistent hashing. We model several candidate storage organizing schemes and carry out theoretical analyses for comparison. Analytical and synthetic workload-driven results show that the consistent hashing scheme achieves high cache performance and low cost simultaneously.
Full-Length Recombinant hSP-D Binds and Inhibits SARS-CoV-2

SARS-CoV-2 infection of host cells is driven by binding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike-(S)-protein to lung type II pneumocytes, followed by virus replication. Surfactant protein SP-D, member of the front-line immune defense of the lungs, binds glycosylated structures on invading pathogens such as viruses to induce their clearance from the lungs. The objective of this study is to measure the pulmonary SP-D levels in COVID-19 patients and demonstrate the activity of SP-D against SARS-CoV-2, opening the possibility of using SP-D as potential therapy for COVID-19 patients. Pulmonary SP-D concentrations were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage samples from patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by anti-SP-D ELISA. Binding assays were performed by ELISAs. Protein bridge and aggregation assays were performed by gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining and band densitometry. Viral replication was evaluated in vitro using epithelial Caco-2 cells. Results indicate that COVID-19 patients (n = 12) show decreased pulmonary levels of SP-D (median = 68.9 ng/mL) when compared to levels reported for healthy controls in literature. Binding assays demonstrate that SP-D binds the SARS-CoV-2 glycosylated spike-(S)-protein of different emerging clinical variants. Binding induces the formation of protein bridges, the critical step of viral aggregation to facilitate its clearance. SP-D inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in Caco-2 cells (EC90 = 3.7 μg/mL). Therefore, SP-D recognizes and binds to the spike-(S)-protein of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, initiates the aggregation, and inhibits viral replication in cells. Combined with the low levels of SP-D observed in COVID-19 patients, these results suggest that SP-D is important in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and that rhSP-D supplementation has the potential to be a novel class of anti-viral that will target SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Telemental Health For Youth With Chronic Illnesses: Systematic Review

Background Children, adolescents, and young adults with chronic conditions experience difficulties coping with disease-related stressors, comorbid mental health problems, and decreased quality of life. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global mental health crisis, and telemental health has necessarily displaced in-person care. However, it remains unknown whether such remote interventions are feasible or efficacious. We aimed to fill this research-practice gap. Objective In this systematic review, we present a synthesis of studies examining the feasibility and efficacy of telemental health interventions for youth aged ≤25 years with chronic illnesses. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from 2008 to 2020. We included experimental, quasiexperimental, and observational studies of telemental health interventions designed for children, adolescents, and young adults aged ≤25 years with chronic illnesses, in which feasibility or efficacy outcomes were measured. Only English-language publications in peer-reviewed journals were included. We excluded studies of interventions for caregivers or health care providers, mental health problems not in the context of a chronic illness, disease and medication management, and prevention programs for healthy individuals. Results We screened 2154 unique study records and 109 relevant full-text articles. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria, and they represented seven unique telemental health interventions. Five of the studies included feasibility outcomes and seven included efficacy outcomes. All but two studies were pilot studies with relatively small sample sizes. Most interventions were based on cognitive behavioral therapy and problem-solving therapy. The subset of studies examining intervention feasibility concluded that telemental health interventions were appropriate, acceptable, and satisfactory to patients and their parents. Technology did not create barriers in access to care. For the subset of efficacy studies, evidence in support of the efficacy of telemental health was mixed. Significant heterogeneity in treatment type, medical diagnoses, and outcomes precluded a meta-analysis. Conclusions The state of the science for telemental health interventions designed for youth with chronic illnesses is in a nascent stage. Early evidence supports the feasibility of telehealth-based delivery of traditional in-person interventions. Few studies have assessed efficacy, and current findings are mixed. Future research should continue to evaluate whether telemental health may serve as a sustainable alternative to in-person care after the COVID pandemic.
Temporal and Spatial Signaling Mediating the Balance of the Plankton Microbiome.

The annual patterns of plankton succession in the ocean determine ecological and biogeochemical cycles. The temporally fluctuating interplay between photosynthetic eukaryotes and the associated microbiota balances the composition of aquatic planktonic ecosystems. In addition to nutrients and abiotic factors, chemical signaling determines the outcome of interactions between phytoplankton and their associated microbiomes. Chemical mediators control essential processes, such as the development of key morphological, physiological, behavioral, and life-history traits during algal growth. These molecules thus impact species succession and community composition across time and space in processes that are highlighted in this review. We focus on spatial, seasonal, and physiological dynamics that occur during the early association of algae with bacteria, the exponential growth of a bloom, and also during its decline and recycling. We also discuss how patterns from field data and global surveys might be linked to the actions of metabolic markers in natural phytoplankton assemblages. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Marine Science, Volume 14 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Coordinated Diel Gene Expression of Cyanobacteria and Their Microbiome

Diel rhythms have been well recognized in cyanobacterial metabolisms. However, whether this programmed activity of cyanobacteria could elicit coordinated diel gene expressions in microorganisms (microbiome) that co-occur with cyanobacteria and how such responses in turn impact cyanobacterial metabolism are unknown. To address these questions, a microcosm experiment was set up using Lake Erie water to compare the metatranscriptomic variations of Microcystis cells alone, the microbiome alone, and these two together (whole water) over two day-night cycles. A total of 1205 Microcystis genes and 4779 microbiome genes exhibited significant diel expression patterns in the whole-water microcosm. However, when Microcystis and the microbiome were separated, only 515 Microcystis genes showed diel expression patterns. A significant structural change was not observed for the microbiome communities between the whole-water and microbiome microcosms. Correlation analyses further showed that diel expressions of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, and micronutrient (iron and vitamin B12) metabolizing genes were significantly coordinated between Microcystis and the microbiome in the whole-water microcosm. Our results suggest that diel fluxes of organic carbon and vitamin B12 (cobalamin) in Microcystis could cause the diel expression of microbiome genes. Meanwhile, the microbiome communities may support the growth of Microcystis by supplying them with recycled nutrients, but compete with Microcystis for iron.
Based on Multi-Feature Information Attention Fusion for Multi-Modal Remote Sensing Image Semantic Segmentation

Semantic segmentation of remote sensing images are widely used in land census and agriculture. The scenes in remote sensing images are complex, easily affected by season, such as farmland. Besides, the size of the target in remote sensing image is different, the shape is irregular, and there is often the problem of missing detection, so the multi-source data information is directly fed into the neural network, resulting in fuzzy segmentation boundary, which is difficult to achieve fine segmentation. To solve this problem, we propose a Dual-way Feature attention Fusion Network (DFFNet), which consists of two branches, optical remote sensing image branch and elevation feature branch. The optical remote sensing image branch uses the spatial relationship module to learn and infer the global relationship between any two spatial positions or feature maps and then extracts the multi-level features of the image by capturing more context information and pyramid attention mechanism. The elevation feature branch strengthens the classification. Based on the boundary information, the remote sensing image segmentation is realized. Experiment results on ISPRS Vaihingen image dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.