Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathogenicity of an Entomopathogenic Nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae on Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Strains From Turkey

Abstract Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is an insect pest in poultry production systems. This insect has developed resistance to many chemical insecticides. As an alternative to chemicals, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are one of the most commonly used agents against several pest arthropods. The pathogenicity of the EPN Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser on four field strains of lesser mealworm, A. diaperinus, from Turkey was studied. In the experiments, larvae of A. diaperinus were found to be more sensitive than adults to S. carpocapsae infection. In terms of LC50 values in both larval and adult insects, Balikesir strain was found to be the most susceptible, Manisa strain the most resistant. The calculated LC50 values for adults were 85.9, 205.6, 135.4, and 418.8 IJs/ml, and for larvae 31.2, 39.8, 34.8, and 70.9 IJs/ml for the Balikesir, Canakkale, İzmir, and Manisa strains, respectively. This is the first report about the pathogenicity of EPNs against larvae and adults of lesser mealworm A. diaperinus strains from Turkey. We conclude that S. carpocapsae can be used as a control agent for lesser mealworms.
Measuring spatial accessibility to refuge green space after earthquakes: A case study of Nanjing, China

The construction of refuge spaces in rapidly urbanizing historic cities is a challenging task owing to their complex urban form, unique urban fabric, and historic preservation requirements. Refuge green space (RGS) is a green space that can serve as an emergency shelter in cities, providing a flexible means to increase the emergency shelter capacity for rapidly urbanized historic cities. After major earthquakes, spatial accessibility to GRSs is a critical planning strategy for disaster prevention and emergency response in historic cities. To match the RGS planning with the emergency service demand, we must examine the spatial disparity in access to existing RGSs. In this study, the urban area of Nanjing was selected as the target region to analyze the spatial disparity in access to RGSs using the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area method at four evacuation times (10, 20, 30, and 60 min). The results showed that the spatial accessibility exhibited clustering characteristics, where high-accessibility spaces were mainly distributed in the northern and southern regions of Nanjing. The increase in the evacuation time improved accessibility to RGSs, but the existing RGSs still could not sufficiently satisfy the emergency shelter needs of citizens. Based on the bivariate local Moran’s I analysis of the RGS accessibility and population density, the spatial mismatch regions were dominant in the center of the urban area. These findings not only are expected to assist emergency planners by improving their strategic plans for emergency shelter investment in Nanjing and their ability to respond to catastrophic earthquakes, but also provide a strong reference for the construction of a safe environment in other rapidly developing historic cities that face earthquake threats.
Multiclass Classification With Fuzzy-Feature Observations: Theory and Algorithms

The theoretical analysis of multiclass classification has proved that the existing multiclass classification methods can train a classifier with high classification accuracy on the test set, when the instances are precise in the training and test sets with same distribution and enough instances can be collected in the training set. However, one limitation with multiclass classification has not been solved: how to improve the classification accuracy of multiclass classification problems when only imprecise observations are available. Hence, in this article, we propose a novel framework to address a new realistic problem called multiclass classification with imprecise observations (MCIMO), where we need to train a classifier with fuzzy-feature observations. First, we give the theoretical analysis of the MCIMO problem based on fuzzy Rademacher complexity. Then, two practical algorithms based on support vector machine and neural networks are constructed to solve the proposed new problem. The experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets verify the rationality of our theoretical analysis and the efficacy of the proposed algorithms.
A conceptual design of a propulsion system for an autonomous underwater vehicle

The need for developing propulsion systems to support missions of increased endurance for autonomous underwater vehicles is investigated and a conceptual system is proposed, based on currently available technology and desired system characteristics. The investigation evaluates and ranks alternative energy sources and proposes the use of a closed Brayton cycle gas turbine power plant using a chemical energy heat source with a metallic fuel. A thruster system using electric propulsion motors and screw propellers is selected. Evaluation factors include reliability, depth independent operation, weight, endurance, quietness and efficiency. Reliability of the proposed system is analyzed and the design modified to meet proposed reliability requirements. A knowledge-based system is developed to manage the operation of the propulsion plant in an autonomous manner. A simulation system is developed using Common Lisp and the operation of the propulsion plant and its knowledge-based management system are evaluated using the simulator.
Evaluating the Safety Effects of Span Wire to Mast Arm Signal Conversion

The mast arm signal mounting configuration has often been assumed to provide greater conspicuity and visibility than span wire installations, but the impacts of this countermeasure on road safety have not been well established quantitatively. This paper’s intent is to provide a comprehensive evaluation of safety effects of converting span wire installations to mast arm installations. An Empirical Bayes before–after safety analysis was conducted using crash data for 30 intersections collected from the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT). A crash type analysis was also conducted to observe changes in crash types. Based on the data available, no statistically significant improvement in safety was found. Average crash modification factor (CMF) values of 0.97 and 0.98 were observed for total and fatal and injury crashes, but these CMFs were not statistically significant. A reduction in the proportion of angle crashes was observed, but the change was not statistically significant and the overall distribution of crashes did not change significantly after converting signal configurations from span wire to mast arm. Although mast arm deployments may offer advantages in maintenance costs and aesthetics, there does not appear to be a substantial safety benefit to these conversions.
Can Wearable Devices and Machine Learning Techniques Be Used for Recognizing and Segmenting Modified Physical Performance Test Items?

Assessment of physical performance is essential to predict the frailty level of older adults. The modified Physical Performance Test (mPPT) clinically assesses the performance of nine activities: <italic>standing balance</italic>, <italic>chair rising up & down</italic>, <italic>lifting a book</italic>, <italic>putting on and taking off a jacket</italic>, <italic>picking up a coin</italic>, <italic>turning 360°</italic>, <italic>walking</italic>, <italic>going upstairs</italic>, and <italic>going downstairs</italic>. The activity performing duration is the primary evaluation standard. In this study, wearable devices are leveraged to recognize and predict mPPT items’ duration automatically. This potentially allows frequent follow up of physical performance, and facilitates more appropriate interventions. Five devices, including accelerometers and gyroscopes, were attached to the waist, wrists and ankles of eight younger adults. The system was experimented within three aspects: machine learning models, sensor placement, and sampling frequencies, to which the non-causal six-stages temporal convolutional network using 6.25 Hz signals from the left wrist and right ankle obtained the optimal performance. The duration prediction error ranged from 0.63±0.29 s (<italic>turning 360°</italic>) to 8.21±16.41 s (<italic>walking</italic>). The results suggest the potential for the proposed system in the automatic recognition and segmentation of mPPT items. Future work includes improving the recognition performance of <italic>lifting a book</italic> and implementing the frailty score prediction.
Understanding the Benefits of Residential Field Courses: The Importance of Class Learning Goal Orientation and Class Belonging

While previous literature finds many benefits to participation in undergraduate field courses, the mechanisms for how these benefits develop is still unknown. This study explores these mechanisms and any unique benefits of field courses by examining results from pre and post surveys about scientific literacy, future science plans, and motivation and belonging for undergraduate students who took courses in one field station setting (n = 249) and one traditional on-campus setting (n = 118). We found positive associations between the field station setting and scientific literacy as well as future science plans. In addition, this study finds support for the serial and multiple mediation of class learning goal orientation and class belonging in explaining the relationships between the field station setting and scientific literacy as well as future science plans. The results of this study have implications for enhancing field course design and increasing access and inclusion.
Synthetic heterocyclic derivatives as promising xanthine oxidase inhibitors: An overview

Inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO) is an effective and most prominent therapeutic approach for the management of gout. Discovery of its association in the pathophysiology of diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, etc., widened its therapeutic horizons. Limited drug candidates in clinical practice along with side effects forced researchers to develop more efficacious and safer XO inhibitors for the management of gout and other disorders associated with XO hyperactivity. In this regard, this review focus on (a) various drug candidates in clinical practice and under clinical trials, (b) Development of various heterocyclic motifs as XO inhibitors in last two decades and (c) various patented synthetic XO inhibitors.
Violence Against LGBTIQ+ People at Universities: The Need to Uncover a Silent Reality

Violence against LGBT community can manifest in different forms and exists in all spheres of society, including education. The main purpose of this article is to deepen the understanding of the state of the art about violence grounded in sexual orientation or gender identity in higher education in order to identify gaps for further research. The topic of this state-of-the-art literature review is the presence and magnitude of these forms of violence in the Spanish higher education system. For this reason, the inclusion criteria were empirical studies about the prevalence of violence against LGBTIQ+ individuals in the Spanish educational system. After analyzing the 25 articles that met the inclusion criteria, the main findings point that despite the existence of numerous international studies of the presence of violence against LGBTIQ+ people at colleges, little is known about this reality in Spain. The Spanish university system continues to remain hermetic, and violence against LGBTIQ+ people is silenced and hidden. Practice, policy and research implications of the findings are discussed in this article, highlighting the need of further research in this field. In this context, the research project Uni4Freedom, addresses this social and educational problem to contribute to the creation of safer universities for the LGBTIQ+ community and people who support them.
Securing Private Keys in Electronic Health Records Using Session-Based Hierarchical Key Encryption

ABSTRACT Patients want the assurance that the confidentiality of their records accessed through Electronic Health Records (EHR) are safe. With increasing implementation of EHR for health care, privacy concern remains a barrier that limits patients' favorable judgment of this technology. Sensitive records can be compromised and this represents problems in EHRs, which are considered to be more efficient, less error prone, and of higher availability compared to traditional paper health records. In this article, a session-based hierarchical key encryption system was developed that allows patient to have full control over certain nodes of their health records. Health records were organized in a hierarchical structure with records further broken down into subcategories. Cryptography was used to encrypt the health records in their different subcategories. Patients' generate a root keys using Blum Blum Shub Algorithm for pseudorandom number generator from which the session-based subkeys were derived, and only authorize users can access these records within a designated period marked as session. The system development demonstrates one way patients' privacy and security can improve using session-based hierarchical key encryption system for EHR.
Barriers and challenges in providing standard breast cancer care in low resource settings

In this study, we investigated the barriers to the delivery of internationally accepted breast cancer care in low resource settings (LRS) as compared to well-endowed resource settings (WRS) via an online survey. The survey was completed by 199 surgeons from eleven countries: 51 from WRS and 148 from LRS, based on our definition. The two most common facilities lacking in LRS were sentinel lymph node biopsy and immune-histochemistry (67% and 60% respectively). Only 22% respondents from LRS confirmed that all their eligible patients received hormonal therapy and only 8% radiotherapy as compared to 98% and 75% from WRS. Widespread limitations exist in most LRS, making internationally accepted breast cancer treatment guidelines impossible to follow, and thus resulting in suboptimal cancer care.
What About the Sexual Orientation of the Offspring of Lesbian and Gay Parents? A Multidimensional, Time and Gender-Based Answer

ABSTRACT This study examined the sexual orientation of 30 young adult children of lesbian and gay parents, analyzing three dimensions (sexual behavior, sexual attraction and sexual self-identification), their evolution over time and the possible influence of gender (19 women and 11 men). Sexual orientation was measured using KSOG. The results revealed that most participants defined themselves as heterosexual only, although percentages varied between 87% for sexual behavior to 67% for sexual attraction and 60% for sexual self-identification. Gender differences were found for sexual attraction and self-identification, with men having a polarized profile (responses at both ends of the scale) and women reporting a less exclusive and more fluid sexuality. These findings are discussed in light of the complex nature of sexual orientation, the freedom of these young adults for defining their sexual orientation, and the role played by gender and family experiences.
One size fits all? How to optimize the prescribing of appropriate polypharmacy in chronic diseases, using a behavioral approach – a United Kingdom perspective

The use of medicines is the mainstay of chronic disease management. However, chronic disease management has now evolved into the management of more than one disease for many patients, which in turn, has led to the use of multiple medicines (sometime described as polypharmacy) to manage these chronic diseases. The concept of polypharmacy has also undergone an evolution in terms of definition (many of which have relied on numerical thresholds) and value judgments (should polypharmacy be considered negative or positive in terms of treatment). This editorial will explore these issues, and consider how polypharmacy can be optimized at a population and patient level, with a focus on behavior change as a means to achieve appropriate polypharmacy.
Antidepressant Drugs for Seizures and Epilepsy: Where do we Stand?

People with epilepsy (PWE) are more likely to develop depression and both these complex chronic diseases greatly affect health-related quality of life (QOL). This comorbidity contributes to the deterioration of the QOL further than increasing the severity of epilepsy worsening prognosis. Strong scientific evidence suggests the presence of shared pathogenic mechanisms. The correct identification and management of these factors are crucial in order to improve patients’ QOL. This review article discusses recent original research on the most common pathogenic mechanisms of depression in PWE and highlights the effects of antidepressant drugs (ADs) against seizures in PWE and animal models of seizures and epilepsy. Newer ADs, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRRI) or serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), particularly sertraline, citalopram, mirtazapine, reboxetine, paroxetine, fluoxetine, escitalopram, fluvoxamine, venlafaxine, duloxetine may lead to improvements in epilepsy severity whereas the use of older tricyclic antidepressant (TCAs) can increase the occurrence of seizures. Most of the data demonstrate the acute effects of ADs in animal models of epilepsy while there is a limited number of studies about the chronic antidepressant effects in epilepsy and epileptogenesis or on clinical efficacy. Much longer treatments are needed in order to validate the effectiveness of these new alternatives in the treatment and the development of epilepsy, while further clinical studies with appropriate protocols are warranted in order to understand the real potential contribution of these drugs in the management of PWE (besides their effects on mood).
Re: Hyperkalaemia in the emergency department: Epidemiology, management and monitoring of treatment outcomes

Dear Editor, We read with interest the article by Pollack et al. The article presents an analysis of the epidemiology, treatment and monitoring of treatment outcomes and side effects of 392 patients presenting to an ED with hyperkalaemia. The authors concluded that most ED patients with hyperkalaemia have identifiable clinical and medication-related risk factors. Variations in care were widespread and monitoring for iatrogenic adverse events was suboptimal. We congratulate the authors on their efforts in conducting a comprehensive assessment of hyperkalaemia in emergency care and highlighting a very clinically relevant and prevalent topic. A further important outcome of the present study was hypoglycaemia. One hundred and eighty-seven patients received i.v. insulin: 40 (21.4%) had documented biochemical hypoglycaemia, but 45 (24.1%) had no postinsulin blood glucose level documented. Of those 40 patients with documented hypoglycaemia, 22 were non-diabetic. The authors used values ≤3.9 mmol/L as a threshold for hypoglycaemia. This level is used for hypoglycaemia in diabetes patients only in whom hormonal antihypoglycaemic contraregulation is shifted in comparison with healthy subjects. The hypoglycaemia threshold for healthy adults is considered to be 3.5 mmol/L. Indeed, it would be interesting to see the numbers of nondiabetes subjects with hypoglycaemia according to this definition. It is known that people with diabetes may have diminished glucagon secretion, and an attenuated increase in sympathoadrenal (both adrenomedullary and sympathetic neural) activity in response to hypoglycaemia and thus they are at high risk of hypoglycaemia. Surprisingly, more than half of the patients with hypoglycaemia were categorised as diabetes naive. If the number of hypoglycaemia events, according to the lower glycaemic level (3.5 mmol/ L) remains reasonable, it would be interesting to see the comparison of initial levels of glycaemia and the amount of glucose administered in connection with insulin treatment between diabetes and non-diabetes groups if such data are available. The level of 3.9 mmol/L is generally considered as an “alert value” to trigger action by individual diabetes patients to take appropriate steps to increase glucose concentration. A value of 3.0 mmol/L has been implemented into the hypoglycaemia definition to determine ‘clinically significant’ hypoglycaemia; this level can be taken to indicate the onset of significant neuroglycopenia in patients with diabetes; stratification of hypoglycaemia frequency according to these two values would add further important information regarding study outcomes and may be more clinically relevant. Indeed, it is unclear whether the presence of hypoglycaemia indicated a higher risk of death among the study subjects. We respectfully suggest taking these points into account if the continuation of this important study is planned.
Roy Adaptation Model: Theory-Based Knowledge and Nursing Care With a Person Experiencing COVID-19

Nursing theories shed light and guide nursing care through provision of care to persons based on the specialized knowledge base of the profession. Nurses utilizing Roy’s adaptation model deliver holistic care by accounting for people, processes, and the environments. The aim of this article is to illustrate the value of utilizing the Roy adaptation model in the care of a patients by reviewing nursing care provided to a patient diagnosed with COVID-19.
Impact of Red Blood Cell Transfusion on In-hospital Mortality of Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Objective: To assess the relationship between red blood cell (RBC) transfusion exposure and in-hospital mortality after isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Background: RBC transfusion was commonly used to treat anemia in isolated CABG surgery, but transfusion was found an independent risk factor of postoperative mortality; recent guidelines on patient blood management strategy issued in the last decade may have changed transfusion incidence and related mortality. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from the National database on patients’ hospital discharge reports. Consecutive adult patients who underwent isolated CABG surgery in France from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018, were included. The primary outcome was the in-hospital mortality rate. RBC transfusion during the hospital stay was identified by specific codes and ordered as categorical variables (no, moderate, or massive transfusion). Results: A total of 37,498 participants were studied [mean (SD) age, 66.5 (9.6) years, 31,587 (84.2%) were men]. In-hospital mortality rate was 1.45% (n=541) and RBC transfusion rate was 9.4% (n=3521). In-hospital deaths were more frequent among transfused patients [1.06% (361) if no transfusion up to 10.2% (n=113) if massive transfusion]. After adjustment for confounding variables, RBC transfusion remained a significant independent factor of in-hospital mortality: odds ratio=1.66 (95% confidence interval: 1.27–2.19, P<0.001) for moderate transfusion, 6.40 (95% confidence interval: 5.07–8.09, P<0.001) if massive. Conclusions and Relevance: Despite a modest patients’ exposure to transfusion, this study suggests that RBC administration is an independent factor of in-hospital mortality in isolated CABG surgery.