Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Kuesioner Pengetahuan Masyarakat

To reduce the prevalence of chronic kidney disease, a pillar of health paradigms through community empowerment has been introduced. Society with profound knowledge of such disease has proved to be able to raise awareness of kidney disease early detection. Meanwhile, limited data on public knowledge of chronic kidney disease make the education programs in health promotion seem ineffective. This study therefore aims to develop a questionnaire with high validity and reliability to assess public knowledge of this disease. The development included five stages of conceptualisation, instrument construction, a trial with Study 1 of 240 medical and non-medical students and
Analogue Studies for In Situ Surface Planetary Exploration.

Analogue studies importantly underpin planetary missions and can provide essential continuity between payload development and actual mission operations. This thesis focuses on three topics related to analogue studies, namely planetary analogue materials, analogue experiments and the application of scientific autonomy for robotic missions. The common theme of the work relates to field geology on Mars and the search for life (astrobiology). Examples of astrobiology-related missions to Mars are described to illustrate what has been undertaken so far and what strategies are planned for the future, including where and how one might look for signs of past and present life. A range of in situ techniques essential for planetary field geology are reviewed including imaging (multi-scale), analytical measurements (spectroscopy) and geotechnics (physical interaction with surface materials). A comprehensive specimen archive and associated experiment database called GSPARC (Geological Specimen Archive) is described. Samples from the archive were used in the experimental part of this thesis. Two mission-like studies were undertaken based on the ability of a combination of imaging and spectroscopic techniques (X-ray, Mössbauer and Raman) to unambiguously identify morphological biosignatures and to assess the biogenic potential of sedimentary structures in ancient rocks. The techniques employed confirmed their effectiveness for in situ astrobiology when used collectively. Empowering planetary robots with scientific autonomy has the potential to increase science return and extend ground coverage. To address these desires, a novel approach to autonomous science operations is defined and the results from robotic trials using an early implementation of the concept showed that basic geological parameters can be recognised, appropriately scored and used to influence operations. The need for further work within each of the topics is argued and recommendations are made to ensure the continuation of an integrated programme of analogue studies. Spin-off potential to other areas of science is highlighted.
Attachment Theory

The various narratives for discussing the human infant’s interdependent relationship with others from the beginnings of its life, as well as its extended dependence on others for physical and safety needs, has varied with every human condition, historical period and cultural context (see Aries, 1962). The various narratives for discussing women’s reproductive and childrearing role and obligations have also been influenced by culture, historical period, economic and political circumstances. However, what has been consistently true over historical time is that women have carried an enormous and often unfair burden of responsibility for infant care. How are we to conceptualize the mother–child relationship in the context of a history of sexism and the need for social change? From the middle of the 19th century until the present, the relationship between infants and women has been explained using three grand narratives, psychoanalysis, evolution and positivism, which have combined in the late 20th century to form the overarching narrative of attachment theory (Ainsworth and Bowlby, 1991). The research produced on attachment theory since Bowlby’s observations and theoretical work in 1951 is immense and far-reaching. My June 1997 computer search for attachment theory abstracts through the software program PsychInfo reveals that of the 4655 abstracts appearing between 1950 and 1997, only one was dated between 1950 and 1968, and eight between 1968 and 1980. Then, as if it were Rip Van Winkle, attachment theory rose from its 30-year slumber. I found that between 1981 and 1985, 56 works were abstracted; between 1985 and 1986 it had increased to 438; and in the years between 1986 and 1997, 4152 pieces of
TRACKING AND EVALUATING U.S. BILLION DOLLAR WEATHER DISASTERS, 1980-2005

About ten years ago, NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) began tracking U.S. weather and climate events which individually resulted in at least $1 billion in overall damages and costs. The ensuing report, “Billion Dollar U.S. Weather Disasters,” receives over 30,000 web hits per month, and has resulted in numerous news media interviews regarding its content. The report also links to more detailed reports and data concerning each event. During the 1980-2005 period, the U.S. sustained over $500 billion in overall inflationadjusted damages/costs due to these extreme events. This paper describes the methodology in collecting the statistics, provides a list of the events, and illustrates the distribution of the events spatially and temporally.
A Literature Review on New Structural Economics in the Field of Macroeconomics

: The New Structural Economics emphasizes endogeneity and dynamic changes of economic structure of an economy in different development stages. In the field of macroeconomics, it takes factor endowment structure as entry point, focuses mainly on industrial upgrade and structural transformation, highlights the importance of active governments and industrial policies, conducts in-depth researches on the growth difficulties facing middle-income countries and developing countries, and discusses the issues of economic operation like economic fluctuations and macro policies. This paper sorts out the academic papers in the recent decade on the New Structural Economics in the field of macroeconomics, summarizes typical facts, theoretical insights and empirical results in the process of economic structure transformation and operation, and makes some suggestions for future researches in view of the existing shortcomings in current researches.
High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP): Its relationship with metabolic symdrome and Framingham Risk Score.

INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in Malaysia. Identification of asymptomatic at-risk individuals is often achieved by means of a risk prediction algorithm. Traditional CVD risk factors and their associated algorithms are, however, limited by residual CVD risk. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) has emerged as a novel CVD risk factor. This study aimed to evaluate hsCRP as an adjunct CVD risk marker among the adult Malaysian population by determining its correlation with the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Comparison analyses were done according to sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory factors and between subjects with and without Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). METHOD This cross-sectional study involved eighty-three (n=83) adults attending a health screening program at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). Demographic data, anthropometric measurements and blood samples for fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting lipid profile (FSL), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and hsCRP were taken. Respondents were grouped according to FRS and the Joint Interim Statement into 10-year CVD risk categories (low, intermediate and high) and MetS, respectively. RESULTS hsCRP was significantly increased in patients with high body mass index (BMI) (p=0.001), at-risk waist circumference (WC) (p=0.001) and MetS (p=0.009). Spearman's correlation coefficient showed a significant positive correlation between hsCRP level and total FRS score (r=0.26, p<0.05) and HDL-C score (r=0.22, p<0.05). CONCLUSION The significant difference of hsCRP levels across obesity levels and MetS with its modest correlation with FRS scores supported the adjunctive role of hsCRP in CVD risk prediction, most likely capturing the inflammatory pathological aspect and thus partly accounting for the residual CVD risk.
Managing ICT in Healthcare Organization: Culture, Challenges, and Issues of Technology Adoption and Implementation

This chapter consists of six sections highlighting issues on information and communication technology (ICT) adoption and implementation. The first section discusses the phenomenon of ICT adoption in healthcare institution. Second, we include literature reviews based on three perspectives that oftentimes pose challenges to the deployment of ICT: (1) organizational, (2) people, and (3) technology. Third, we highlight the methodology of the study in this chapter which is a case study. In this section, we provide the background of a single case study -a medical research institute in Malaysia -to illustrate aBstract
Dental Barrier Membrane Guided Tissue Regeneration

were eligible in the analysis for Q1. RCTs, CCTs and large prospective case series with or without an unassisted socket healing as control group were eligible in the analysis for Q2. The results showed for Q1: the standardized mean difference (SMD) in vertical mid-buccal bone height between ARP and a non-treated site was 0.739 mm. The SMD when proximal vertical bone height and horizontal bone width was compared was 0.796mm and 1.198 mm . Examination of ARP sites revealed significant variation in vital and trabecular bone percentages and keratinized tissue width and thickness. Adverse events were routinely reported, with three papers reporting a high level of complications in the test and control groups and two papers reporting greater risks associated with ARP. For Q2: A pooled effect reduction (PER) in mid-buccal alveolar ridge height of -0.467 mm was recorded for GBR procedures and -0.157 mm for socket grafting. A proximal vertical bone height reduction of -0.356 mm was recorded for GBR, with a horizontal dimensional reduction of -1.45 mm measured following GBR and -1.613 mm for socket grafting procedures. Five papers reported on histological findings after ARP. Two papers indicated an increase in the width of the keratinized tissue following GBR, with two papers reporting a reduction in the thickness of the keratinized
Non-commutative Crepant Resolutions

We introduce the notion of a " non-commutative crepant " resolution of a singularity and show that it exists in certain cases. We also give some evidence for an extension of a conjecture by Bondal and Orlov, stating that different crepant resolutions of a Gorenstein singularity have the same derived category.
Epsilon Calculus and Herbrand Complexity

Hilbert’s ε -calculus is based on an extension of the language of predicate logic by a term-forming operator ε x . Two fundamental results about the ε -calculus, the ﬁrst and second epsilon theorem, play a rˆole similar to that which the cut-elimination theorem plays in sequent calculus. In particular, Herbrand’s Theorem is a consequence of the epsilon theorems. The paper investigates the epsilon theorems and the complexity of the elimination procedure underlying their proof, as well as the length of Herbrand disjunctions of existential theorems obtained by this elimination procedure.
A Wind-Driven Isopycnic Coordinate Model of the North and Equatorial Atlantic Ocean 1

Numerical approximations to the dynamic equations are given which allow basin-size ocean circulation models formulated in isopycnic coordinates to accommodate variable bottom topography and irregular coastlines. Emphasis is placed on computational economy through the use of a split-explicit time integration scheme, on the proper formulation of the advection and Coriolis terms in the momentum equation in case of strongly varying layer thickness, and on the correct estimation of the horizontal pressure gradient force in grid boxes truncated by steep bottom slopes. The algorithms are tested in a series of two- and three-layer double-gyre experiments. In cases of steady forcing leading to a steady circulation, we are able to reproduce the expected motionless final state in coordinate layers that are below the direct influence of the wind forcing. This includes layers intersecting topographic obstacles. A long-term (25–30 year) vacillation tentatively associated with the outcropping of isopycnals along the edge of the cyclonic gyre in a steadily forced model is documented. The paper forms the basis for a subsequent study in which circulation features obtained in a realistic North Atlantic setting will be discussed.
ed Process-Solution of a Fabrication N Diode - /NiO P IGZO

The fabrication of a p-n diode is investigated using a fully solution-processed method. Indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) ink was synthesized and deposited on a quartz substrate and annealed to form a thin film serving as an n-type semiconductor. A facile sol-gel method was used to deposit a lithium doped nickel oxide thin film (Li:NiO) as a p-type semiconductor. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize the structural properties of Li:NiO and IGZO films. XRD analysis revealed a polycrystalline bunsenite structure in the Li:NiO films. Nanocrystalline grains were also observed on the surface morphology of the Li:NiO films. The XRD analysis indicated that the IGZO films were amorphous. However, SEM images demonstrate a variety of nanostructures in these films, including hexagons. The Li:NiO molar ratio was optimized to minimize series resistance of the diode. NiO had a carrier density of 7.8E13 3 cm  and mobility of 0.8 2 . cm V S  , the highest mobility ever reported in a NiO film to our knowledge. The carrier density of IGZO was 2.5E16 3 cm  ,and its mobility was 0.95 2 . cm V S  . The fabricated diode exhibited a current ratio of 175 in on and off states and a reverse breakdown voltage of 3.5 V
Nutritional ways to reduce heat stress in broilers

Heat stress is one of the most important environmental stressors challenging poultry production worldwide. The detrimental effects of heat stress on broilers and laying hens range from reduced growth and egg production to decreased poultry and egg quality and safety. Much information has been published on the effects of heat stress on productivity and immune response in poultry. A number of methods to reduce heat stress on poultry production are presented along with various management considerations, including water management, dietary adjustments, increasing heat tolerance through the process of acclimation, designing mineral drinking water supplementation and designing rations for correcting the acid-base imbalance. The beneficial effects of supplemental anti-stress agents (e.g., ascorbic acid) in reducing heat stress are also noted. Nutritional approaches like use of proper concentration of energy, protein, amino acid, electrolyte and vitamin-A, E and C can minimize detrimental effect of heat stress.
A Expanded Related Work

In observational data, treatments are typically assigned according to the covariates associated with 6 each unit, resulting in unbalanced covariate distributions among subpopulations that received different 7 treatments, which is known as selection bias [5]. It is an important problem on how to alleviate the 8 imbalance which can lead to an unreliable inference. In the binary treatment setting, one approach to 9 the problem of selection bias is re-weighting the units in observational data to balance the treated 10 and control groups [6, 3, 4]. Most of these re-weighing methods are based on the propensity score 11 proposed in [6], which is defined as the probability of treatment assignment conditional on observed 12 covariates. For example, inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) [7] defines a unit’s 13 sample weight as the inverse of the probability of receiving the treatment that the unit actually 14 received, and demonstrates that the distribution of covariates in treated and control groups could be 15 balanced using this weight. Hassanpour and Greiner [3] use the importance sampling technique to 16 propose a context-aware weight, which is defined on the basis of the propensity score and emphasizes 17 those units that are important for counterfactual inference. Extended from the standard propensity 18 score, the generalized propensity score (GPS) [8], defined as the conditional density of the treatments 19 conditional on observed covariates, has a similar balancing property in alleviating the selection bias 20 in the continuous treatment setting. Although the methods [9, 10] based on the GPS have some 21 attractive theoretical features, they may suffer from the drawback that the GPS is far more difficult to 22 estimate accurately compared to the standard propensity score [11]. 23
Puma Dispersal Ecology in the Central Rocky Mountains

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF FIGURES viii PREFACE 1 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 3 LITERATURE CITED 11 CHAPTER II: LANDSCAPE CONTEXT INFLUENCES SPATIAL POPULATION DYNAMICS: PUMA UNDER VARYING LEVELS OF HUMAN INDUCED MORTALITY 17 ABSTRACT 17 INTRODUCTION 18 STUDY AREAS 22 Northern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (NGYE) 22 Garnet Mountains, Montana 24 METHODS 25 Field Sampling 25 Disperser Attributes: Emigrants, Dispersal Distance, and Disperser Success 26 Population Contribution 30 RESULTS 31 Field Sampling 32 Disperser Attributes: Emigrants, Dispersal Distance, and Disperser Success 32 Population Contribution 36 DISCUSSION 38 TABLES 45 FIGURES 47 LITERATURE CITED 50 CHAPTER III: HABITAT USE OF PUMAS DURING DISPERSAL IN THE CENTRAL ROCKY MOUNTAINS 56 ABSTRACT 56
A Tasks description and assumptions used for the different method of reward shaping

QA architecture The QA architecture is based on the Episodic Transformer architecture [6] depicted in Figure 1. Using multimodal transformers, the QA can direct its attention over certain observations in the trajectory about the words used for the question and the previously taken action. Thus we can train the QA over the full trajectory and use it on partial trajectories (up to time step t) at test time.
Teaching pronunciation : a course book and reference guide

Part I Pronunciation Instruction in Perspective Chapter 1 The History and Scope of Pronunciation Teaching Chapter 2 Research on the Teaching and Acquisition of Pronunciation Skills Part II The Sound System of North American English: An Overview Chapter 3 The Consonant System Chapter 4 The Vowel System Chapter 5 Connected Speech, Stress, and Rhythm Chapter 6 Prominence and Intonation in Discourse Part III Issues in Implementation Chapter 7 Pronunciation in the Language Curriculum Chapter 8 Testing and Evaluation Chapter 9 Techniques, Tools, and Technology Part IV Intersections of the Sound System with Other Areas of Language Chapter 10 Pronunciation and Listening Chapter 11 The Sound System and Morphology Chapter 12 The Sound System and Spelling Appendices Bibliography Answer Key Author Index Subject Index
Electromagnetic reflections inside ice sheets

When radio echo sounding polar ice sheets weak stratified reflections are visible deep inside the ice sheets. These reflections are often called internal layers. Previously it has been suggested as a result of glacier flow models that these reflections can be treated as surfaces of equal age. In order for a reflection to be related to a single age feature in an ice sheet a one dimensional wave model must be adequate to model the propagation of a wavelet down to the feature and back to the surface. In this thesis four different one dimensional models are constructed each including different physics. It is shown that for the frequencies of interest to radio echo sounding it is sufficient to use the non-dispersive high frequency values of permittivity and conductivity for the ice in the models. The models are used on data from two drill sites. The first site is Berkner Island where I constructed an instrument to measure the electrical conductivity of the 181 metre long ice core. The second site is the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) site at Summit of length 3028 metres. For both sites permittivity and conductivity profiles inside the ice sheet are calculated and put into the models with an estimate of the transmitted wavelet to produce expected radio echo profiles at the sites. For Berkner despite altering many parameters no match between model result and radar data was obtained. For GRIP a satisfactory match was obtained between model result and radar data. It is concluded that the weak, specular (plane like), st Ratified reflections at depth can be treated as isochrones. The strong reflections at shallow depths are a result of a combination of spherical reflection surfaces and interference between many closely spaced layers and cannot necessarily be treated as isochrones.
The Study of L1 Interference on English Compositions Made by Eighth Graders

This study is aimed to find out the kinds of lexical and grammatical errors caused by L1 interference or negative transfer of the mother tongue in writing compositions made by eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 13 Malang and the frequency of occurrence of errors. The focus of this study was identifying, describing, and classifying grammatical and lexical errors in students writing. Therefore, descriptive qualitative was considered appropriate for the design of the study. The subjects were 39 eighth grade students in 8A Class in the second semester of 2008-2009 academic years. The instrument used to collect the data was the students’ writing tasks. The result shows that there 586 errors resulting from L1 interference were found from 78 compositions. Some categories of errors in Kwary and Sugiri could not be applied to the data, such as, if clause, embedded question, comparison, conjunction, and word class. No sentences containing those categories of errors were found in the data. However, the researcher developed another category of errors that are not mentioned in the classification scheme by Kwary and Sugiri, that is, clause without subject that makes up 2.56% of all errors.
Information Waste on the World Wide Web and Combating the Clutter

The Internet has become a critical part of the infrastructure supporting modern life. The high degree of openness and autonomy of information providers determines the access to a vast amount of information on the Internet. However, this makes the web vulnerable to inaccurate, misleading, or outdated information. The unnecessary and unusable content, which is referred to as “information waste,” takes up hardware resources and clutters the web. In this paper, we examine the phenomenon of web information waste by developing a taxonomy of it and analyzing its causes and effects. We then explore possible solutions and propose a classification approach using quantitative metrics for information waste detection.
On the Persistence of QPOs during the SGR 1806−20 Giant Flare

The discovery of quasi-periodic brightness oscillations (QPOs) in the X-ray emission accompanying the giant flares of the soft gamma-ray repeaters SGR 1806–20 and SGR 1900+14 has led to intense speculation about their nature and what they might reveal about the interiors of neutron stars. Here we take a fresh look at the giant flare data for SGR 1806–20, and in particular we analyze short segments of the post-peak emission using a Bayesian procedure, which has not previously been applied to these data. We find at best weak evidence that any QPO persists for more than ∼1 s; instead, almost all the data are consistent with a picture in which there are numerous independently excited modes that decay within a few tenths of a second. This has interesting implications for the rapidity of decay of the QPO modes, which could occur by the previously suggested mechanism of coupling to the MHD continuum. The strongest QPOs favor certain rotational phases, which might suggest special regions of the crust or of the magnetosphere. We also find several previously unreported QPOs in these data, which may help in tracking down their origin.