Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Erratum: Adhesion of lipid tubules in an assembly

Volume 9 (1998), pp. 485–506 One of the author's names was misprinted in this article. EPIFIANO G. VIRGA should read EPIFANIO G. VIRGA. In addition, on page 502, line 9, the argument leading to evaluate g(∞) := limb→+∞g(b) is not conclusive. The passage ‘On the other hand, if it were g(∞)>0, taking the limit as b→+∞ in (9.9), we would get A=πh2, which by (3.11) is violated by all admissible values of A, but the limiting one. Thus we conclude that g(∞)=0. ’ should be changed as follows: ‘On the other hand, taking the limit as b→+∞ in (9.9), we would get A=πh2, by which (3.11) is violated by all admissible values of A, but the limiting one. Thus we conclude that, in the limit as b→+∞, the equilibrium configuration must be singular whenever A>πh2, and so g(∞)=0 because, otherwise, by (9.7) there would be asymptotic regular configurations, as soon as h/2kc(τ0+w) is sufficiently small. ’ On page 502, line −7, ‘below’ should be replaced with ‘above’ and ‘regular’ with ‘singular’. We apologise for the errors in the above paper and hope that no inconvenience has been caused to readers.
Dynamics of the young LMC cluster NGC 1866

The 1.0-m telescope at Las Campanas was used to obtain V-band CCD images of the young LMC cluster NGC 1866 out to a projected radius of 100 pc. Radial velocities with a mean precision of 1.0 km/s were measured for 69 member supergiants using the echelle spectrograph on the 2.5-m telescope. The total cluster luminosity is 6.5 +/-0.3 x 10 exp 5 solar luminosities. A star-subtracted, median-filtered U frame was employed to determine photometric shape parameters. The stellar radial velocities indicate that NGC 1866 has a systemic velocity of 301.2 +/-1.0 km/s. A comparison of the derived values for NGC 1866 and the theoretical nu-0/sigma-0 - epsilon relationship indicates that the observed flattening is consistent with rotation. The quality of the fits for models with rotation is clearly superior to those without, and isotropic orbits agree best with the data in both cases.
Exact solutions for the double sinh-Gordon and generalized form of the double sinh-Gordon equations by using (G'/G)-expansion method

In this paper, the (G/G) -expansion method is applied to seek traveling wave solutions to the double sinh-Gordon and the generalized form of the double sinh-Gordon equations. With the aid of a symbolic computation system, two types of more general traveling wave solutions (including hyperbolic functions and trigonometric functions) with free parameters are constructed. Solutions concerning solitary and periodic waves are also given by setting the two arbitrary parameters, involved in the traveling waves, as special values.
Brassica rapa orphan gene BR1 delays flowering time in Arabidopsis

Orphan genes are essential to the emergence of species-specific traits and the process of evolution, lacking sequence similarity to any other identified genes. As they lack recognizable domains or functional motifs, however, efforts to characterize these orphan genes are often difficult. Flowering is a key trait in Brassica rapa, as premature bolting can have a pronounced adverse impact on plant quality and yield. Bolting resistance-related orphan genes, however, have yet to be characterized. In this study, an orphan gene designated BOLTING RESISTANCE 1 (BR1) was identified and found through gene structural variation analyses to be more highly conserved in Chinese cabbage than in other available accessions. The expression of BR1 was increased in bolting resistant Chinese cabbage and decreased in bolting non-resistant type, and the expression of some mark genes were consist with bolting resistance phenotype. BR1 is primarily expressed in leaves at the vegetative growth stage, and the highest BR1 expression levels during the flowering stage were observed in the flower buds and silique as compared to other tissue types. The overexpression of BR1 in Arabidopsis was associated with enhanced bolting resistance under long day (LD) conditions, with these transgenic plants exhibiting significant decreases in stem height, rosette radius, and chlorophyll content. Transcriptomic sequencing of WT and BR1OE plants showed the association of BR1 with other bolting resistance genes. Transcriptomic sequencing and qPCR revealed that six flowering integrator genes and one chlorophyll biosynthesis-related gene were downregulated following BR1 overexpression. Six key genes in photoperiodic flowering pathway exhibited downward expression trends in BR1OE plants, while the expression of floral repressor AtFLC gene was upregulated. The transcripts of these key genes were consistent with observed phenotypes in BR1OE plants, and the results indicated that BR1 may function through vernalization and photoperiodic pathway. Instead, the protein encoded by BR1 gene was subsequently found to localize to the nucleus. Taken together, we first propose that orphan gene BR1 functions as a novel regulator of flowering time, and these results suggested that BR1 may represent a promising candidate gene to support the selective breeding of Chinese cabbage cultivars with enhanced bolting resistance.
Journal of Heat Transfer Policy on Reporting Uncertainties in Experimental Measurements and Results

The JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER (JHT) has, for some time, recognized the need to prepare a set of guidelines on estimating experimental uncertainty. This was warranted for two major reasons: to ensure uniformity of presenting experimental data, and to raise the authors' awareness regarding the importance of giving a more precise statement about their measurement uncertainties.
Utilization of Chlorella vulgaris after the Extraction Process in Wastewater Treatment as a Biosorption Material for Ciprofloxacin Removal

Potentially negative environmental and human health effects have led to pharmaceutical chemicals,which are labeled as a new class of environmental contaminants. Adsorption is one of the most appealing choices to remove that pharmaceutical waste in recent years. However, the environmental limitations of the adsorbent material are an obstacle to the development of this process. The current study suggested the remaining Chlorella vulgaris biomass, after the extraction process of the biomaterials, to be a bio-absorption material in removing the Ciprofloxacin from the hospital wastewater. The preparation and characterization of the suggested adsorbent through FTIR analysis, and scanning electron microscopy, coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, were present in the current study. Several functional groups (such as carboxylic, amines, hydroxyls, and amides) were observed to aid the adsorption process. After the extraction process, the results showed a growth in the peaks, indicating an increase in functional groups, particularly the -O.H. and -N.H. groups, while having changed toward lower energy after binding with CIP atoms, as well as an increase in surface area from 2.3723 to 3.6224 m 2 /g. The XRD was shown to be compatible with the EDX test, which both demonstrated a decrease in carbon element concentration due to the deconstruction process. The effects of Ciprofloxacin bio-sorption variables, including contact time, initial Ciprofloxacin concentration, pH, and adsorbent dosage, were adopted as a parametric study. The maximum adsorption capacity was recorded at pH 7 with an adsorbent dose of 2.75 g/L; after 120 minutes, the data show that 89.9% of Ciprofloxacin has been adsorption onto the extracted biomass.
Working as a Child Analyst in a Community Daycare Program

ABSTRACT The work described illustrates the importance of active playing in childhood as a subjective activity from age two-and-one-half years up to at least five years old, as a means of communicating nonverbally, especially when words are not yet readily available. It is a young child’s way of exploring the world and his own interests, while also communicating what matters to him emotionally. It requires adults to translate and understand what playing communicates and actually means, and why it matters emotionally. Playing enhances relationships and is useful in conveying and furthering interpersonal understanding, gradually becoming ever more verbal.
Global Snow Cover Monitoring: An Update

Abstract Accurate monitoring of the large-scale dimensions of global snow cover is essential for understanding details of climate dynamics and climate change. Presently, such information is gathered individually from ground station networks and satellite platforms. Efforts are in progress to consolidate and analyze long-term station records from a number of countries. To gain truly global coverage, however, satellite-based monitoring techniques must be employed. A 27-year record of Northern Hemisphere continental snow cover produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is the longest such environmental record available. Records of Southern Hemisphere continental cover and snow on top of Arctic sea ice have been produced by similar means for a portion of this interval. The visible imagery charting technique used to generate these data provides information on snow extent but not on snow volume. Satellite microwave analyses over Northern Hemisphere lands show some promise in this reg.
Accretion-driven nonthermal phenomena

Arguments are presented which suggest that accretion disks around black holes and neutron stars may self-generate ordered magnetic fields, from currents associated with orbital motion of the disk material. This leads one to expect electromagnetic extraction of the rotational energy of the disk, and it is proposed that such a magnetic field is the ultimate source of various nonthermal phenomena in accreting ultracompact objects. 14 references.
Structural constraints in the perception of English stop‐sonorant clusters

Native‐language phonemes combined in a non‐native way can be misperceived so as to conform to native phonotactics; e.g., English listeners are biased to hear syllable‐initial [tr] rather than the illegal [tl] (Massaro and Cohen, 1983; Pitt, 1998). What sort of linguistic knowledge causes phonotactic perceptual bias? Two classes of models were compared: unit models, which attribute bias to the listeners differing experience of each cluster (such as their different frequencies); and structure models, which use abstract phonological generalizations (such as a ban on [coronal][coronal] sequences). Listeners (N=16 in each experiment) judged synthetic 6×6 arrays of stop‐sonorant clusters in which both consonants were ambiguous. The effect of the stop judgment on the log odds ratio of the sonorant judgment was assessed separately for each stimulus token to provide a stimulus‐independent measure of bias. Experiment 1 compared perceptual bias against the onsets [bw] and [dl], which violate different structural con.
COMPUTERISED LANGUAGE ASSESSMENT: LIMITATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES

Over the last several decades advances in technology have permeated almost every aspect of education, foreign language teaching and assessment being no exception. There are a huge number of easily available technological resources, yet language teachers and those involved in designing language tests still need to gain greater familiarity with the potential benefits and challenges associated with the use of digital technology. The paper describes some of the existing digital tools for developing, administering and scoring language tests (Hot Potatoes, Moodle and AST-TEST software complex developed by a team of Russian programmers) and examines their advantages and drawbacks based on Ural Federal University's first-hand experience. The article then discusses the general advantages and limitations of computerised language tests related to their validity, reliability, practicality and impact. The essential features of the two main types of computer-based language tests (linear and adaptive) are examined: the authors advocate the use of adaptive tests exploring their multiple benefits. Special focus is given to some of the commercially-available computer-based adaptive tests of English-language proficiency (Oxford Online Placement Test, Cambridge English Placement Test, English First Standardised English Test, TOEFL IBT, BULATS, Lingua Leo, etc.); their positive and negative sides are critically evaluated. The issue of computer-assisted assessment of productive language skills is also explored, through analysing some of the existing marking software tools and computerised English-language tests that include productive skills components: the authors conclude that the idea of it being possible seems far-fetched at present. Nevertheless, the authors are broadly in favour of computer-assisted language assessment and their overall conclusion is that increased awareness of the existing digital assessment instruments, as well as of the potential opportunities and challenges related to their use would only be beneficial both for teachers and learners.
Acceleration of pulsars by asymmetric radiation. III. Observational evidence

The theory of pulsar acceleration by asymmetric radiation predicts that the pulsar velocities ought to be aligned parallel to their spin axes. Assuming that the orientation of the pulsar spin axis in the plane of the sky is determined by the position angle of polarization, this prediction is tested by a comparison of polarization position angles and velocity position angles determined by proper motion measurements for 10 pulsars. Allowing for an ambiguity of 90degree in the angle between the polarization position angle and the projection of the spin axis in the sky which is suggested by single-pulse observations, the data are in excellent agreement with a parallel alignment of velocity and spin axis. The data are not generally in agreement with the angle differences between velocity and spin axis in space having a random distribution or being preferentially near 90degree unless the spin axes are also preferentially in the plane of the sky.
A simple fast pulse gas valve using a dynamic pressure differential as the primary closing mechanism

In this article we describe a simple fast pulse gas valve developed for use in a plasma discharge experiment. The valve delivers 1017–1019 molecules per pulse varied by changing the voltage on the electromagnetic driver power supply. Valve pulse widths are observed to be less than 300 μs full width at half maximum with a rise time of less than 100 μs resulting in a maximum gas flow rate of ∼1022 molecules per second. An optical transmission technique was used to determine the mechanical opening and closing characteristics of the valve piston. A fast ionization gauge (FIG) was used for diagnosis of the temporal character of the gas pulse while the total gas throughput was determined by measuring the change in pressure per pulse in a small test chamber with a convectron tube gauge. Calibration of the FIG was accomplished by comparing the net change in pressure in a large chamber as measured by the FIG to the net change in pressure in a small test chamber as measured by the convectron tube gauge.
Hydrodynamics of soft active matter

This review summarizes theoretical progress in the field of active matter, placing it in the context of recent experiments. This approach offers a unified framework for the mechanical and statistical properties of living matter: biofilaments and molecular motors in vitro or in vivo, collections of motile microorganisms, animal flocks, and chemical or mechanical imitations. A major goal of this review is to integrate several approaches proposed in the literature, from semimicroscopic to phenomenological. In particular, first considered are ``dry'' systems, defined as those where momentum is not conserved due to friction with a substrate or an embedding porous medium. The differences and similarities between two types of orientationally ordered states, the nematic and the polar, are clarified. Next, the active hydrodynamics of suspensions or ``wet'' systems is discussed and the relation with and difference from the dry case, as well as various large-scale instabilities of these nonequilibrium states of matter, are highlighted. Further highlighted are various large-scale instabilities of these nonequilibrium states of matter. Various semimicroscopic derivations of the continuum theory are discussed and connected, highlighting the unifying and generic nature of the continuum model. Throughout the review, the experimental relevance of these theories for describing bacterial swarms and suspensions, the cytoskeleton of living cells, and vibrated granular material is discussed. Promising extensions toward greater realism in specific contexts from cell biology to animal behavior are suggested, and remarks are given on some exotic active-matter analogs. Last, the outlook for a quantitative understanding of active matter, through the interplay of detailed theory with controlled experiments on simplified systems, with living or artificial constituents, is summarized.
A local domain‐free discretization method for simulation of incompressible flows over moving bodies

This paper presents a local domain‐free discretization (DFD) method for the simulation of unsteady flows over moving bodies governed by the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The discretization strategy of DFD is that the discrete form of partial differential equations at an interior point may involve some points outside the solution domain. All the mesh points are classified as interior points, exterior dependent points and exterior independent points. The functional values at the exterior dependent points are updated at each time step by the approximate form of solution near the boundary. When the body is moving, only the status of points is changed and the mesh can stay fixed. The issue of ‘freshly cleared nodes/cells’ encountered in usual sharp interface methods does not pose any particular difficulty in the presented method. The Galerkin finite‐element approximation is used for spatial discretization, and the discrete equations are integrated in time via a dual‐time‐stepping scheme based on artificial compressibility. In order to validate the present method for moving‐boundary flow problems, two groups of flow phenomena have been simulated: (1) flows over a fixed circular cylinder, a harmonic in‐line oscillating cylinder in fluid at rest and a transversely oscillating cylinder in uniform flow; (2) flows over a pure pitching airfoil, a heaving–pitching airfoil and a deforming airfoil. The predictions show good agreement with the published numerical results or experimental data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scattering of solar energetic electrons in interplanetary space

Context. Solar energetic electrons are observed to arrive between 10 and 30 min later at 1 AU compared to the expectation based on their production in a solar flare and the travel time along the Parker spiral. Both a delayed release of electrons from the Sun and scattering of the electrons along their path are discussed as possible underlying mechanisms. Aims. We investigate to what extent scattering of energetic electrons in interplanetary space influences the arrival times of electrons at a solar distance of 1 AU, as a function of electron energy and for different scattering models. Methods. A kinetic model for electrons in interplanetary space is used to study the propagation of solar-flare electrons injected into the corona. The electrons are scattered by resonant interaction with a whistler-wave spectrum that is based on observed magnetic field fluctuation spectra in the solar wind. The arrival times of the electrons at 1 AU is determined by the electron flux exceeding a given threshold value. Results. The simulation results show a significant influence of the scattering on electron arrival times. Electrons with energies in the range of several tens of keV are delayed by up to about one minute for a pure pitch-angle scattering model. It is demonstrated that this simplification is not applicable, and the full quasi-linear diffusion equation needs to be considered. This reduces the delays to values below 30 s. Conclusions. It follows from these numerical studies that scattering of electrons in interplanetary space due to resonant interaction with whistler waves cannot explain the observed delays of 600 s, unless an unrealistic wave spectrum is assumed in interplanetary space.
Hensel and Newton methods in valuation rings

We give a computational description of Hensel's method for lifting approximate factorizations of polynomials. The general setting of valuation rings provides the framework for this and the other results of the paper. We describe a Newton method for solving algebraic and differential equations. Finally, we discuss a fast algorithm for factoring polynomials via computing short vectors in modules.
Cross-polarization coupling measured for 800 MHz radio transmission in and around houses and large buildings

The scatterers and reflectors that produce multipath propagation in the portable radiotelephone environment also scatter energy from the transmitted polarization into the orthogonal polarization. This cross-polarization coupling improves the signal quality on portable radio links by mitigating the effects of random antenna orientation and by providing an additional signal path for diversity combining. Measurements were made of cross-polarization coupling at 800 MHz within and around eight suburban houses and within two commercial buildings. Nearly complete coupling between polarization was seen for all propagation paths except for a few residential paths having high co-polarized signal levels. Because of the high cross-polarization coupling, random orientation of portable radio sets will not cause significant degradation of signal quality.
Effects of altitude on the gut microbiome and metabolomics of Sanhe heifers

Introduction Extreme environments at high altitudes pose a significant physiological challenge to animals. We evaluated the gut microbiome and fecal metabolism in Sanhe heifers from different altitudes. Methods Twenty Sanhe heifers (body weight: 334.82 ± 13.22 kg, 15-month-old) selected from two regions of China: the Xiertala Cattle Breeding Farm in Hulunbeier, Inner Mongolia [119°57′ E, 47°17′ N; approximately 700 m altitude, low altitude (LA)] and Zhizhao Dairy Cow Farm in Lhasa, Tibet [91°06′ E, 29°36′ N; approximately 3,650 m altitude, high altitude (HA)], were used in this study. Fecal samples were collected and differences in the gut microbiota and metabolomics of Sanhe heifers were determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolome analysis. Results and discussion The results showed that altitude did not significantly affect the concentrations of fecal volatile fatty acids, including acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total volatile fatty acids (p > 0.05). However, 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that altitude significantly affected gut microbial composition. Principal coordinate analysis based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity analysis revealed a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.001). At the family level, the relative abundances of Peptostreptococcaceae, Christensenellaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Family_XIII were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in LA heifers than in HA heifers. In addition, the relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae, Domibacillus, Bacteroidales_S24-7_group, Bacteroidales_RF16_group, Porphyromonadaceae, and Spirochaetaceae were significantly higher in HA heifers than in LA heifers (p < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis revealed the enrichment of 10 metabolic pathways, including organismal systems, metabolism, environmental information processing, genetic information processing, and disease induction. The genera Romboutsia, Paeniclostridium, and g_unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae were strongly associated with the 28 differential metabolites. This study is the first to analyze the differences in the gut microbiome and metabolome of Sanhe heifers reared at different altitudes and provides insights into the adaptation mechanism of Sanhe heifers to high-altitude areas.