Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fast online filtering based on data fusion of two highly segmented detectors

O calorimetro de Telhas (TileCal) e o calorimetro hadronico central de um dos experimentos do Grande Colisor de Hadrons (LHC), o ATLAS. O TileCal fornece medidas de energia ﬁnamente segmentadas (10.000 canais de leitura) para as particulas incidentes no detector. Analises realizadas nos dados resultantes de colisoes de particulas constataram que utilizar as informacoes da camada radial externa do TileCal, em coincidencia com as câmaras de muons (MS) do ATLAS, pode proporcionar uma reducao de falsos sinais de trigger (ﬁltragem online) de muons gerados pelas iteracao de protons de baixo momento, na blindagem do feixe do LHC, com o MS. O projeto TileMuon foi desenvolvido para este proposito e sua principal atividade, no programa de atualizacao ATLAS, e habilitar o TileCal para fornecer as informacoes de trigger para a primeira etapa de ﬁltragem online para a identiﬁcacao de muons no ATLAS. Esta dissertacao apresenta o estudo, o desenvolvimento e a implementacao de uma tecnica para a identiﬁcacao de muons no contexto TileMuon. Tecnicas de estimacao encontradas na literatura foram aplicadas no contexto do projeto e comparadas. Os resultados para dados experimentais mostraram que o metodo para a identiﬁcacao de muons, baseado no ﬁltro casado para ruido gaussiano, obteve o melhor desempenho, em termos de erro de deteccao, bem como viabilidade de implementacao online, e foi a tecnica escolhida para a aplicacao.
Multi-instanton and string loop corrections in toroidal orbifold models

We analyze N = 2 (perturbative and non-perturbative) corrections to the effec- tive theory in type I orbifold models where a dual heterotic description is available. These corrections may play an important role in phenomenological scenarios. More precisely, we consider two particular compactifications: the Bianchi-Sagnotti-Gimon-Polchinski orb- ifold and a freely-acting Z2 × Z2 orbifold with N = 1 supersymmetry and gauge group SO(q) × SO(32 − q). By exploiting perturbative calculations of the physical gauge cou- plings on the heterotic side, we obtain multi-instanton and one-loop string corrections to the Kahler potential and the gauge kinetic function for these models. The non-perturbative corrections appear as sums over relevant Hecke operators, whereas the one-loop correction to the Kahler potential matches the expression proposed in (1, 2). We argue that these corrections are universal in a given class of models where target-space modular invariance (or a subgroup of it) holds.
Images of the Wildman in Southeast Asia: An Anthropological Perspective

1. Introduction 2. The Story of Ebu Gogo 3. Other Florenese Hominoids 4. Other Eastern Islands 5. The `Short Man' (Orang Pendek) of Sumatra 6. Wildmen of Western Indonesia and Mainland Southeast Asia 7. Other Asian Hominoids 8. Outside Asia 9. Pacific Images 10. What Were the Ebu Gogo?
YOU GET WHAT YOU PAY FOR : AN EXAMINATION OF AUDIT QUALITY WHEN AUDIT FEE IS LOW

We contribute to the long-standing debate among various capital market participants on whether auditing industry practices low-balling (charging low fees) which in turn compromises auditor independence and audit quality. Using a large sample representing years 2000-2006, we first estimate unexpected (abnormal) audit fee as residuals from a regression of audit fee on several determinants of audit fee. Next, we run a regression of going concern opinions and other audit quality measures on unexpected audit fee and control variables. Our results suggest that audit quality is lower when unexpected audit fee is negative, i.e., actual audit fee is less than the expected fee. Further, there is no evidence that audit quality is impaired when unexpected audit fee is positive. These findings are consistent with the notion that when auditors earn excess fees they are mindful of the perceived threat to their independence in appearance and take steps to preserve their reputation capital.
On reducing the computational cost of Geographic Routing 1

The Geographic Routing project at Rutgers University attempts to answer the question of how to efficiently transport data packets through an internetwork using only geographic information. Our process uses arbitrary geographical regions (denoted by longitude and latitude) instead of logical computer addresses as the criteria to route a packet. This paper endeavors to reduce the overall computational cost of geographically routing a packet and the methods devised to do so are herein detailed. These methods were tested using event-driven network simulation. In particular, among the results discovered is the ratio of the contribution of pruning and polygon intersection to the network-wide cost of a geocast.
Variational Quantum Simulation for Quantum Chemistry

Variational quantum‐classical hybrid algorithms are emerging as important tools for simulating quantum chemistry with quantum devices. These algorithms can be applied to evaluate various molecular properties, including potential energy surfaces. Here in, recent progresses on the development of the so‐called variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) are surveyed. The eigensolver aims at reducing the consumption of quantum resources as much as possible. The key feature of VQE is that variation quantum states are optimized by a feedback process, where the measurement of the Hamiltonian is implemented term by term. This approach avoids the need of encoding all of the information about the molecular Hamiltonian in a quantum circuit. The VQE method is also compatible with classical methods in quantum chemistry, such as unitary coupled‐cluster ansatz. Furthermore, basic elements of VQE are covered, such as qubit encoding, mapping rules of the fermionic operators, ansatz preparation, together with several techniques for improving the performance, including constraining, and error mitigation.
Understory palms as nutrient traps : a hypothesis

Data obtained in the humid lowlands of Costa Rica suggest that a com mon understory palm, Asterogyne martiana, is a nutrient trap. It is hypothesized that Asterogyne palms increase their competitiveness in the mature forest understory by capturing nutrients cycling in precipi tation and litterfall. The morphology of Asterogyne is such that litter and precipitation falling on a palm is funneled to the center of the crown. Nutrients contained in the litter and precipitation are diverted down the stein directly to the rooting zone of the palm. The morpholo· gy of Asterogyne martiana, then, appears to enhance the nutrient-cap turing abilities of the palm, and this may help explain why the palm is so successful in the mature forest understory. were combined, filtered 45 µ filter paper, and stored under refrigeration until analyzed. Calcium, magnesium and potassium were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry; orthophosphate, nitrates and ammonium-nitrogen were measured with a Technicon® Auto- Analyzer using standard procedures (Hendry & Brezonik, 1980). Sulfates were measmed turbidi metrically (APHA, 1975). These nutrient analyses were performed by the Depart ment of Environmental Engineering at the University of Florida in Gainesville.
Debt Seniority and Sovereign Debt Crises

Is the seniority structure of sovereign debt neutral for a government's decision between defaulting and raising surpluses? In this paper, we address this question using a model of debt crises where a discretionary government endogenously chooses distortionary taxation and whether to apply an optimal haircut to bondholders. We show that when the size of senior tranches is small, a version of the Modigliani-Miller theorem holds: tranching just redistributes government revenues from junior to senior bondholders, while taxes and government borrowing costs remain unchanged. However, as senior tranches become sufficiently large, default costs on senior debt transpire into a stronger commitment to repay not only the senior tranche, but also the junior one. We show that there is a lower threshold for senior bonds above which tranching can eliminate default on both junior and senior debt, and an upper threshold beyond which the government defaults also on senior debt.
Estimation of evapotranspiration using fused remote sensing image data and m-sebal model for improving water management in arid mountainous area

Remote sensing has been proven to be very useful in the investigation of vegetation and hydrological monitoring, especially when looking at vast areas. In this paper, the complementarily between two optical remote sensing data (Landsat TM and NOAA- AVHRR) and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is used to estimate hydrological parameters according based on derived surface reflectance these parameters used in the Modified - Soil Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (M-SEBAL) model, using data from Landsat TM and NOAA- AVHRR sensors, has been used to estimate net radiation, soil heat flux, sensible heat flux and ET for Sana’a Basin in Yemen. The area is known for arid and semi-arid weather conditions with undulating topography. Image data from AVHRR on-board NOAA satellites with a large areal coverage, good temporal and spectral resolution are found to be very useful in generating some parameters required for the above process. However, the data lack pure spatial resolution. On the other hand, image data from Thematic Mapper on-board LANDSAT satellite, with a high spatial and spectral resolution should be able to provide values for the parameters involved, but the areal coverage is significantly reduced. The study has been carried out, using both image data through a data fusion technique in order to harvest advantages and goodness of these two image data, a general framework is proposed to generate evapotranspiration maps for arid and semi-arid regions. This is achieved by means of multi- temporal, multi-resolution remote sensing data. considering topographic effects, an attempt has also been made to incorporate DEM information for estimating the net radiation of the areas involved. An application for computing daily evapotranspiration (ET) map over Sana’a Basin, a central mountainous region in Yemen is presented. As a result, a daily ET map generated from metrological observation was compared with estimated ET data simulated from remote sensing data. In conclusion, data from both remote sensing give reasonable values with result from TM being better when compared with those of AVHRR.This is attributed to the differences in spatial resolution, in which TM data is higher than AVHRR.
COMPETITION IN NETWORK INDUSTRIES: EVIDENCE FROM MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN RWANDA

This paper develops a method to analyze the effects of competition policy in a network industry. Competition has mixed effects on incentives to invest: when a network is split between competitors, each captures only a fraction of potential network effects. However, a firm may invest in components that are not shared, to attract customers to its network. I structurally estimate the utility of adopting a mobile phone from its subsequent usage, using transaction data from nearly the entire Rwandan network over 4.5 years. I simulate the equilibrium choices of consumers and network operators, and consider Rwanda’s decision to delay the introduction of competition. Adding a competitor earlier would have reduced prices and in some cases increased incentives to invest in rural towers, increasing welfare by the equivalent of 1.4% of GDP. I analyze the effects of setting different interconnection rates, reducing switching costs through number portability, and introducing competition at different times in the evolution of the network.
Study of a cylindrical geometry design for a zero field cooled Maglev system

This paper proposes a new cylindrical geometry design for the zero field cooled (ZFC) Maglev system. In previous research, a ZFC-Maglev of rectangular geometry was designed and an experimental prototype, with a magnetic track, was developed. Studies on this system showed that the Maglev is prone to derailing, mainly due to the nonlinear nature of the guidance forces. A cylindrical geometry is proposed which allows to solve those situations, making the ZFC-Maglev inherently stable and with a linear lateral restitution force. A 3D model was made, using COMSOL Multiphysics®, where several cylindrical geometries were developed, to study the viability of these solutions regarding the levitation and guidance forces. It is shown that the cylindrical geometry is a viable solution, being naturally stable and having a linear response to lateral forces. However, the cylindrical geometry presents two major drawbacks, which are the limitation of lateral movement and the possibility of flux pinning occurring between the HTS and the permanent magnets.
Births: preliminary data for 2003.

OBJECTIVES This report presents preliminary data for 2003 on births in the United States. U.S. data on births are shown by age, race, and Hispanic origin of mother. Data on marital status, tobacco use, prenatal care, cesarean delivery, preterm births, and low birthweight are also presented. METHODS Data in this report are based on nearly 99 percent of births for 2003. The records are weighted to independent control counts of all births received in State vital statistics offices in 2003. Comparisons are made with 2002 final data. RESULTS The crude birth rate rose to 14.1 births per 1000 population in 2003, an increase of 1 percent from 2002 (13.9). The fertility rate also rose in 2003 by 2 percent to 66.1 births per 1000 women aged 15-44 years. Since 1994, the rate has ranged from 63.6 to 66.1. The birth rate for teenagers continued to decline in 2003 to 41.7 births per 1000 women aged 15-19 years, 3 percent lower than in 2002. Rates fell for teenagers in all race and Hispanic origin groups, in many cases marking new record lows for the Nation. Birth rates for teenagers 15-17 and 18-19 years continued to steadily decline. The rate for ages 15-17 was 22.4 per 1000 in 2003, down 3 percent from 2002 and 42 percent from 1991, the recent peak. The rate for older teenagers 18-19 years in 2003 was 70.8 per 1000, also 3 percent lower than in 2002 and 25 percent lower than in 1991. The birth rates for women in their twenties were 102.6 per 1000 for women aged 20-24 years and 115.7 for women aged 25-29 years, a decrease of 1 percent and an increase of 2 percent, respectively, compared with 2002. The birth rate for women aged 30-34 years increased 4 percent to 95.2 births per 1000 women compared with 2002. The rate rose 6 percent for women aged 35-39 years, between 2002 and 2003, and 5 percent for women aged 40-44 years. The rate for women aged 45-49 years remained unchanged. The birth rate for unmarried women increased by 3 percent in 2003, from 43.7 to 44.9 per 1000 unmarried women aged 15-44 years. The proportion of births to unmarried women also increased in 2003 to 34.6 percent, compared with 34.0 percent in 2002. The proportion of mothers smoking during pregnancy continued to steadily decline in 2003, from 11.4 percent in 2002 to 11.0 percent. The percent of women who received prenatal care within the first 3 months of pregnancy edged upward for 2003, to 84.1 percent, compared with 83.7 percent in 2002. In 2003, 27.6 percent of all births were delivered by cesarean delivery, a marked rise of 6 percent over the 2002 level, and one-third higher than that for 1996. The primary cesarean rate also rose 6 percent between 2002 and 2003 while the rate of vaginal birth after previous cesarean (VBAC) dropped by 16 percent. Preterm and low birthweight rates both rose between 2002 and 2003. The preterm rate increased from 12.1 to 12.3 and low birthweight rate rose from 7.8 to 7.9 percent.
Increase of Feeding Time in Waders Preparing for Spring Migration from the Banc D'Arguin, Mauritania

ABSTRACT In order to increase body mass during the 4–6 weeks before their departure from the Banc d'Arguin in spring, some waders, such as Dunlin, Knot, Bar-tailed Godwit, increased the total time they spent feeding. They fed more at night and fed throughout neap tides and at high temperatures, circumstances in which feeding activity was depressed in winter. In other species, however, such as the Little Stint, feeding time did not increase during the premigration period. In winter, feeding time and body mass in the 14 wader species studied were negatively associated, but this trend disappeared during the premigration period. Nocturnal feeding was particularly important in the smaller waders, but the larger waders also began to feed at night later in the season. It is suggested that only when pressed for time, waders will feed at times when the yield from feeding is low.
DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY IV. SYSTEMIC REACTIVITY 01~ GUINEA PIGS SENSITIZED TO PROTEIN ANTIGENS*

In the preceding paper, studies were reported in which guinea pigs with delayed hypersensitivity to protein antigens were injected by various routes with a desensitizing dose of specific antigen (1). Although such amounts of antigen sufficed to prevent subsequent delayed skin reactivity for several days, none of the highly sensitive animals showed obvious signs of distress following these injections. I n particular, there were no signs suggestive of the type of delayed shock seen in tuberculin-sensitive guinea pigs injected with a large amount of tuberculin (2), nor were there signs either of immediate or of protracted anaphylaxis. I n this paper a characteristic febrile response and several other features of the systemic reaction that follow specific challenge of guinea pigs with delayed hypersensitivity are described. This systemic reactivity has been compared to tha t which follows specific challenge of guinea pigs with passively acquired circulating ant ibody and the reactivity of animals with both delayed hypersensitivity and circulating antibody, passively or actively acquired.
The Role of Lobe Selection on FEV1 Response in Endobronchial Valve Therapy

Abstract Endobronchial valve (EBV) therapy has shown improvement in symptoms and lung function despite limited understanding of ideal patient selection. The impact of lobe selection on EBV therapy is unclear. We performed a retrospective analysis to determine the role of lobe selection and identify preprocedure predictors of response to EBV therapy. A total of 492 patients from the USA and Europe were randomized to EBV or control therapy. Spirometry and functional measurements were taken at baseline and 12 months later. At 365 days patients undergoing EBV therapy showed improvement in FEV1 change compared to control regardless of treatment to upper or lower. There was no difference in FEV1 change between the upper and lower lobe treatment groups (5.99, 7.04, p = 0.75). In addition lobe selection was not identified as a significant modifier of FEV1 change in multiple linear regression analysis. Complete lobe fissure was the only significant predictor of FEV1 change (OR 4.14 (2.29, 7.47)). Our results suggest that lobe selection does not play a major role in EBV therapy response. Complete fissure status preprocedure has the greatest influence on FEV1 improvement. These results have implications on patient selection for current treatment and in future EBV studies.
Short- and Long-Run Integration: Do Capital Controls Matter?

The authors study whether capital controls affect the link between domestic and foreign stock market prices and interest rates. To examine the characteristics of international market integration and the effects of capital controls in the short and long run, they apply band-pass filter techniques to data from six emerging economics during the 1990s. They find that markets seem to be linked more at longer horizons. Equity prices seem to be more connected internationally than interest rates. They also find little evidence that controls effectively segment domestic markets from foreign markets. And when they do, the effects seem to be short-lived. Moreover, the effects of controls on outflows do not seem to differ from those of controls on inflows. For example, controls on outflows in Venezuela during the 1994 crisis, and unremunerated reserve requirements in Chile and Colombia during a capital-inflow episode, seem to have shielded domestic markets at the most at very high frequencies. The degree of financial sophistication does not seem to affect the authors' conclusion on the insulation provided by capital controls. True, more developed financial markets, such as those in Brazil, are more closely linked to international markets than those in Colombia and Venezuela, which are far more illiquid. But capital controls do not seem to provide an extra cushion against international spillovers even in less developed markets.
Supplementary Material: Optical Flow Estimation on Sequences with Differently Exposed Frames

This document contains supplementary material to the paper "Optical Flow Estimation on Sequences with Differently Exposed Frames". It is not fully selfcontained and should therefore be read with the paper at hand. Some references are given to the original paper for further details of certain expressions and experimental setups. Many authors that publish on variational Optical Flow estimation methods provide the Euler-Lagrange (E-L) equations that correspond to their specific cost functional, one influential example being Brox et al. [1]. In this document, we derive the E-L equations with more detail than what is customary. Our specific cost functional is stated as the starting point. Then, the contributions of each of its terms to the overall E-L equations are derived. The document is concluded with details on how to iteratively solve the E-L equations, including a pseudo-algorithm and numerical aspects.
The statistic inversion algorithms of water constituents for the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea

A group of statistical algorithms are proposed for the inversion of the three major components of Case-Ⅱ waters in the coastal area of the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea. The algorithms are based on the in situ data collected in the spring of 2003 with strict quality assurance according to NASA ocean bio-optic protocols. These algorithms are the first ones with quantitative confidence that can be applied for the area. The average relative error of the inversed and in situ measured components' concentrations are: Chl-a about 37%, total suspended matter (TSM) about 25%,respectively. This preliminary result is quite satisfactory for Case-Ⅱ waters, although some aspects in the model need further study. The sensitivity of the input error of 5% to remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) is also analyzed and it shows the algorithms are quite stable. The algorithms show a large difference with Tassan's local SeaWiFS algorithms for different waters, except for the Chl-a algorithm.