Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-linear αω-dynamos driven by magnetic buoyancy

It is now widely accepted that the large-scale solar magnetic field is generated by some kind of non-linear αω-dynamo. However, these dynamos have the disadvantage that the non-linearities, and in particular the α-effect, are chosen in an ad hoc fashion and are only vaguely related to the underlying physical processes. Here, on the other hand, an αω-dynamo with an α-effect based on magnetic buoyancy instabilities is described. This α-effect has one main advantage over previous descriptions, namely that it is derived from a numerical model of the physical processes that are thought to occur at the base of the convection zone. In this paper we investigate a one-dimensional and a two-dimensional αω-dynamo in a cylindrical and a spherical shell, respectively. In both models the ω-effect is described by a simple shear flow, while α is proportional to the radial gradient of the magnetic field because, simply speaking, this gradient determines when magnetic buoyancy instabilities occur and hence when the α-effect sets in.
The Effect Of Added Financial Ratio And Economic Value On Company Market Value (Case Study On Islamic State-Owned Banks In Indonesia For The 2017 – 2019 Period)

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of financial ratios and Economic Value Added on Market Value Added in Islamic Commercial Bank BUMN in Indonesia. The data used are secondary data in the form of financial statements of BRI Syariah, BNI Syariah, and Bank Syariah Mandiri in 2017-2019. The samples used were three companies with a purposive sampling method. The research data analysis stage is multiple linear analysis. The results of the study simultaneously showed that CAR, BOPO, FDR, NPF, and EVA affect the Market Value Added. Partially CAR and FDR has no effect on stock prices. NPF affecting the Market Value Added. This means that every increase in NPF will raise Market Value Added, while BOPO and EVA has a negative influence on Market Value Added, meaning that any increase in BOPO and EVA will reduce Market Value Added.
What is the Diagnostic Accuracy of Novel Urine Biomarkers for Urinary Tract Infection?

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) affects half of women at least once in their lifetime. Current diagnosis involves urinary dipstick and urine culture, yet both methods have modest diagnostic accuracy, and cannot support decision-making in patient populations with high prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria, such as older adults. Detecting biomarkers of host response in the urine of hosts has the potential to improve diagnosis. Objectives: To synthesise the evidence of the diagnostic accuracy of novel biomarkers for UTI, and of their ability to differentiate UTI from asymptomatic bacteriuria. Design: A systematic review. Data Sources and Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science for studies of novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of UTI. We excluded studies assessing biomarkers included in urine dipsticks as these have been well described previously. We included studies of adult patients (≥16 years) with a suspected or confirmed urinary tract infection using microscopy and culture as the reference standard. We excluded studies using clinical signs and symptoms, or urine dipstick only as a reference standard. Quality appraisal was performed using QUADAS-2. We summarised our data using point estimates and data accuracy statistics. Results: We included 37 studies on 4009 adults measuring 66 biomarkers. Study quality was limited by case-control design and study size; only 4 included studies had a prospective cohort design. IL-6 and IL-8 were the most studied biomarkers. We found plausible evidence to suggest that IL-8, IL-6, GRO-a, sTNF-1, sTNF-2 and MCR may benefit from more rigorous evaluation of their potential diagnostic value for UTI. Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of any novel biomarker for UTI diagnosis at present. Further evaluation of the more promising candidates, is needed before they can be recommended for clinical use.
Nothing about collective irrationalities makes sense except in the light of cooperation

ABSTRACT To secure cooperative opportunities people align their beliefs with the normative expectations of their social environment. These expectations are continuously managed by interactive reasoning, a process that results in dynamical pools of reasons. When people are more concerned about their social standing and reputation than truth, pools of reasons give rise to collective irrationalities. They determine what people should believe if they want to be known as a reliable group member. This account has implications for our understanding of human irrationality and how to deal with it.
Nitrogen variations on the main sequence of 47 Tucanae - Implications from stellar structure theory.

We present evolutionary calculations of a 0.9 M/sub sun/ metal-poor star in which the outer layers are artifically mixed throughout the main-sequence lifetime. For the case where the mixed region contains 85% of the mass of the star, evolution toward the subgiant branch is relatively unaffected but no significant enhancement of the surface nitrogen abundance occurs. Alternatively, for the case of deeper mixing, significant surface nitrogen enhancements are produced but the star evolves as a blue straggler and does not become a red giant in a normal way. Thus the observations of large nitrogen abundance variations among main-sequence stars and subgiants in the globular cluster 47 Tuc are unlikely to be the result of deep envelope mixing on the main sequence. Mixing at an advanced phase of evolution and mass transfer in close binaries also seem unlikely. We conclude therefore that the most plausible explanation of the observed variations is that they are primordial in origin, that is, they reflect the presence of nitrogen abundance inhomogeneities in the protocluster gas cloud. Subject headings: clusters: globular: nucleosynthesis: stars: abundances: stars: interiors: stars: weak-line
Emission-line properties of the composite Seyfert/Starbust galaxy IC 5135

The galaxy IC 5135 is host for Seyfert activity and vigorous star formation in its nucleus. Results of a study based on optical spectroscopy and imaging are presented that reveal the ionization properties of the nucleus and near-nucleus region, as well as the global morphology of this galaxy. The dual nature of the nucleus is evident in emission-line profiles, which show two kinematic components. Line intensity ratios in the nucleus are typical of Seyfert 2 galaxies, but evolve with increasing radius to values generally characteristic of H II regions. IC 5135 provides an illustration of the importance of the O I 6300 forbidden line as a tracer of a hard-spectrum, photoionizing continuum; the presence at large radii of ionizing radiation from nucleus is clearly revealed by the relative strength of this line. 42 refs.
An Extension of Cox's Regression Model

Summary It is shown how one can construct a model for a jump process depending on an arbitrary intensity measure with the property that if the measure is absolutely continuous it reduces to Cox's regression model for survival data. The model has the property that the maximum likelihood estimator of the parameters are Cox's estimate for the regression parameter and the Nelson-Aalen estimate for the measure. Cox's partial likelihood for the regression parameter becomes a partially maximized likelihood and the model has a property corresponding to S-ancillarity which explains the partial likelihood.
Beyond the Born and Rytov approximations: A nonlinear approach to electromagnetic scattering

The Born and Rytov approximations, widely used for solving scattering problems, are of limited utility for low-frequency electromagnetic scattering in geophysical applications where conductivity can vary over many orders of magnitude. We present four new, relatively simple nonlinear estimators that can be used for rapid electromagnetic modeling. The first, termed the static localized nonlinear approximation, is designed specifically to correct the magnitude of the electric field internal to the scatterer. The second, termed the localized nonlinear approximation, improves the estimate of the phase of the scattered field and includes some of the cross-polarization effects due to full wave scattering. Two further new estimators, based on the Rytov transformation (the localized nonlinear Rytov and the static localized nonlinear Rytov approximations) are designed to further improve the estimation of the phase of the scattered field, especially at high frequency and for larger size scatterers. Although these approximations are nonlinear functions in conductivity, they are generally much faster to compute than the full forward problem, and are almost as efficient as the Born or Rytov approximations. Moreover, the enhanced accuracy of the new estimators has made us optimistic about their application to low-frequency three-dimensional inverse problems in electromagnetics. The approximations developed in this paper will also be applicable to fields such as quantum mechanics, optics, ultrasonics, and seismology.
Dynamics of changes in milk productivity of brown Swiss cows of local breeding in the conditions of Armenia

Relevance. In the Republic of Armenia, the leading branch of animal husbandry is cattle breeding. More than 95 % of the milk and 60% of the meat are obtained from cattle breeding. In order to further develop cattle breeding in the republic within the framework of various state and commercial programs, since 2007, Holstein, Brown Swiss, Simmental and Jersey heifers have been imported from European countries. In this regard, the study of adaptive and productive qualities of not only imported, but also received from them animals of the first generation is relevant. Methods. Experimental studies were carried out on the number of dairy cows in the leading livestock farm of OOO “Agroholding “Armenia”” near the city of Spitaka. The processing of the research results was carried out using the method of variation statistics. The article substantiates the age-related changes in the indicators of milk productivity of the daughters of the Brown Swiss breed of the first generation, obtained from mothers imported from Germany, at I; II and III lactation (2016–2021). The farm has a system of keeping cows year-round stall, with loose-box method of keeping. Cows are fed and milked twice a day. The study determined the milk yield, the fat and protein content in milk (monthly control milking), the live weight of cows (by weighing), the lactation coefficient and milk yield repeatability coefficients. Results. According to the results of the research, Brown Swiss cows obtained from imported mother cows had sufficiently high indicators of milk productivity and live weight, which naturally increased with age. In cows, milk yield from I to III lactation was 6845; 7630 and 8450 kg, respectively, the fat and protein content in milk was 4.08; 4.03; 4.0 % and 3.2; 3.16; 3.12 %, live weight was 550; 595 and 630 kg, and the milk coefficient was 12.4; 12.8 and 13.4.
TREE STRUCTURES IN BROADCAST ENCRYPTION

The need for broadcast encryption arises when a sender wishes to securely distribute messages to varying subsets of receivers, using a broadcast channel, for instance in a pay-TV scenario. This is done by selecting subsets of users and giving all users in the same subset a common decryption key. The subsets will in general be overlapping so that each user belongs to many subsets and has several different decryption keys. When the sender wants to send a message to some users, the message is encrypted using keys that those users have. In this thesis we describe some broadcast encryption schemes that have been proposed in the literature. We focus on stateless schemes which do not require receivers to update their decryption keys after the initial keys have been received; particularly we concentrate on the Subset Difference (SD) scheme. We consider the effects that the logical placement of the receivers in the tree structure used by the SD scheme has on the number of required transmissions for each message. Bounds for the number of required transmissions are derived based on the adjacency of receivers in the tree structure. The tree structure itself is also studied, also resulting in bounds on the number of required transmissions based on the placement of the users in the tree structure. By allowing a slight discrepancy between the set of receivers that the sender intends to send to and the set of receivers that actually can decrypt the message, we can reduce the cost in number of transmissions per message. We use the concept of distortion to quantify the discrepancy and develop three simple algorithms to illustrate how the cost and distortion are related.
Consideration of blue light hazard for virtual reality head mounted displays

Virtual reality (VR) introduces new approaches to creating virtual spaces for empirical studies and design processes. At the same time, VR platforms for research and education purposes in the field of daylight, such as one being built at TU Berlin, have to consider technical limitations. Besides the imperfections caused by simulation tools, VR head mounted displays (VR HMDs) bring additional shortcomings, one of the most obvious being the low maximum luminance compared to daylight. However, considering a typical viewing distance within VR HMDs is about 15 mm, and a usage duration can last up to 8 hours or more, concerns have arisen about the safety of displays with high luminance levels, particularly as a prototype claiming a maximum luminance of up to 6 000 cd/m2 has been introduced in the last years. Therefore, this paper compares the blue light hazard (BLH)-weighted radiances of VR HMDs to given exposure limits provided by the ICNIRP guidelines on limits of exposure to incoherent visible and infrared radiation and by the IEC 62471 (photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems). The paper concludes with a statement on the BLH safety of VR HMDs.
Dynamical evolution and molecular abundances of interstellar clouds

The dynamical evolution and chemistry of interstellar clouds are studied. The objective is to understand better why the early-time molecular abundances from the classical (pseudo-time-dependent) chemical models agree more closely with the observations than the late-time or the equilibrium results. The dynamical models presented are evolutionary in nature. They start with interstellar gas in an initial diffuse state and consider their gravitational collapse and the formation of dense cores. The results suggest the possibility that dense cores may be dynamically evolving ephemeral objects
Modelling and applications of dissolution of rocks in geoengineering

目的 展示一种用于描述溶解过程及其与岩土工程的耦合的方法, 预测地下洞穴的发育过程, 为天坑等地质灾害的防治提供依据 创新点 用达西尺度模型的扩散界面代替孔隙尺度模型的锐利界面来描述溶解过程, 提升研究对象的尺度和计算效率。 方法 利用体积平均法将孔隙尺度模型上推到达西尺度。 结论 达西尺度模型描述溶解过程与孔隙尺度模型的结果吻合良好, 可广泛应用于岩土工程中的各类溶解问题。 The subsoil contains many evaporites such as limestone, gypsum, and salt. Such rocks are very sensitive to water. The deposit of evaporites raises questions because of their dissolution with time and the mechanical-geotechnical impact on the neighboring zone. Depending on the configuration of the site and the location of the rocks, the dissolution can lead to surface subsidence and, for instance, the formation of sinkholes and landslides. In this study, we present an approach that describes the dissolution process and its coupling with geotechnical engineering. In the first part we set the physico-mathematical framework, the hypothesis, and the limitations in which the dissolution process is stated. The physical interface between the fluid and the rock (porous) is represented by a diffuse interface of finite thickness. We briefly describe, in the framework of porous media, the steps needed to upscale the microscopic-scale (pore-scale) model to the macroscopic scale (Darcy scale). Although the constructed method has a large range of application, we will restrict it to saline and gypsum rocks. The second part is mainly devoted to the geotechnical consequences of the dissolution of gypsum material. We then analyze the effect of dissolution in the vicinity of a soil dam or slope and the partial dissolution of a gypsum pillar by a thin layer of water. These theoretical examples show the relevance and the potential of the approach in the general framework of geoengineering problems.
HIV-1 is Transported into the Central Nervous System by Trafficking Infected Cells

Background: In this work, we carried out a cross-sectional study examining HIV-1 and HCV free virus concentrations in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to determine whether HIV-1 enters the central nervous system (CNS) passively as virus particles or in the context of migrating infected cells. If virions migrate freely across the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) or the blood-brain barrier (BBB) then HCV and HIV-1 would be detectable in the CSF at proportions similar to that in the blood. Alternatively, virus entry as an infected cell would favor selective entry of HIV-1. Methods: We measured HIV-1 and HCV viral loads in the CSF and blood plasma of 4 co-infected participants who were not on antiviral regimens for either infection. We also generated HIV-1 env sequences and performed phylogenetic analyses to determine whether HIV-1 populations in the CSF of these participants were being maintained by local replication. Results: While CSF samples taken from all participants had detectable levels of HIV-1, HCV was not detectable in any of the CSF samples despite participants having HCV concentrations in their blood plasma, which exceeded that of HIV-1. Further, there was no evidence of compartmentalized HIV-1 replication in the CNS (Supplementary Figure 1). These results are consistent with a model where HIV-1 particles cross the BBB or the BCSFB within infected cells. In this scenario, we would expect HIV-1 to reach the CSF more readily because the blood contains a much greater number of HIV-infected cells than HCV-infected cells. Conclusions: HCV entry into the CSF is restricted, indicating that virions do not freely migrate across these barriers and supporting the concept that HIV-1 is transported across the BCSFB and/or BBB by the migration of HIV-infected cells as part of an inflammatory response or normal surveillance.
FINDING MINIMAL COST-TIME RATIO CIRCUITS,

Abstract : An efficient method is given for finding minimal cost-time ratio circuits in routing problems through the use of the out-of-kilter algorithm. The problem of finding a cycle in a network having a minimal cost-to-time ratio has been considered previously, and column generators have been used to introduce, into the basis of the master problem, the solution that corresponds to this cycle. The subproblem is of independent interest and corresponds to deterministic single chain Markov renewal programming. The main difference between earlier approaches and the present one is that where others have used a shortest path method corresponding to the simplex method (except that steepest descent is not used), here the flow circulation problem for optimal cost-time tradeoff is solved parametrically by the out-of-kilter algorithm. (Author)
Spreading of turbulent round jet in coflow

The scalar concentration and velocity field of an axisymmetric turbulent jet in a coflow are measured using laser-induced fluorescence and laser Doppler anemometry techniques. Both the time-averaged and turbulence data suggest the use of the top-hat average velocity as the characteristic velocity in this shear flow. The visual boundary and the 25% maximum concentration (0.25Cm) contour are found to correspond closely to the edge of the top-hat profile, where r = B = 2bg (B and bg are the nominal half-width of the top-hat and Gaussian profiles, respectively). This jet edge, defined by the 25%Cm contour, also matches with the 50% contour of the intermittency factor. An integral model of the coflowing jet has been formulated using a Lagrangian jet spreading hypothesis for turbulent closure. The model predictions are in good agreement with the present concentration, velocity data obtained in the near field (strong jet), and the velocity data of a recent study in the far field (weak jet).
Environmental Statistics—A Personal View

The field of environmental statistics is one of rapid growth at the moment. Environmental decisionmaking is prevalent in much of the world, and politicians and other decision makers are requesting new tools for understanding the state of the environment. In this paper, three case studies involving water pollution, air pollution, and climate change assessment are presented, together with brief descriptions some other areas of environmental statistics. A discussion of future directions of the field concludes the paper.
The V Sagittae Stars

We identify a class of four Galactic stars with similar spectroscopic and photometric properties: V617 Sgr, HD 104994, WX Cen, and V Sge. We call this class the “V Sagittae stars. ” The characteristics and literature of each of these stars are reviewed. They show high‐ionization species like O vi and N v; the emission of He ii λ4686 is stronger than twice the strength of Hβ. The orbital periods vary from 5 to 12 hr, and the orbital light curve can have shapes of either double eclipse or sine wave. The close similarities of these objects to the supersoft X‐ray sources is pointed out. The nature of the compact star in these system is still an open question; white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes, or carbon main‐sequence stars have been proposed.
Near-Infrared Study of M16: Star Formation in the Elephant Trunks

We present combined J, H, and Ks images of M16 that were obtained with SIRIUS (Simultaneous three-color InfraRed Imager for Unbiased Surveys) on the University of Hawaii 2.2 m telescope. In contrast to optical images, the infrared images show that the Eagle Nebula's "pillars" have head-tail structures, with the heads faced toward the central part of the star cluster NGC 6611 and the tails trailed toward the opposite side. We have found a number of previously unreported young stellar object (YSO) candidates associated with these head-tail pillars. In particular, the youngest YSOs are located at the tips of the pillars or globules, facing toward the central part of NGC 6611. Some are associated with near-infrared jets or cometary reflection nebulae, with indications of a circumstellar disk. This YSO distribution and the cloud structures suggest that the most recent star formation is taking place following the interaction with UV light from the OB stars in NGC 6611.
Multi-band optical variability of BL Lac object OQ 530

Historical optical data are combined on the BL Lac object OQ 530. Verifying the existence of correlations among the flux variations in different bands serves as an important tool to investigate emission processes. To examine the possible existence of a lag between variations in different optical bands from this source, a statistical analysis is performed through the discrete correlation function (DCF) method and the z-transformed discrete correlation function (ZDCF) method. Monte Carlo simulations called ``flux redistribution/random subset selection'' (FR/RSS) are performed to obtain statistically meaningful values for the cross-correlation time lags and their related uncertainties. The analysis confirms that the variations in different optical light curves are strongly correlated, with zero-lag within the errors. Long term variability of color indexes is also analyzed. The result suggests a strong correlation between color index and brightness. A clear bluer-when-brighter chromatism is found, in the sense that the spectrum steepens as the brightness decreases.