Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Superluminal motion in the giant quasar 4C 34. 47

Superluminal motion in the core of 4C 34.47, the largest radio source associated with a QSO, has been detected. The data indicate an apparent superluminal core expansion speed of (2.5 + or - 0.2/h c(h0 = 100h km/s Mpc and q0 = 0.5). The superluminally expanding core of 4C 34.47 is embedded in a double-lobed radio source which is extended by 560/h kpc. Explanation of the superluminal character of 4C 34.47 in the framework of relativistic beaming is considered. 30 references.
Time-integrating compact hybrid optical processor for SAR image formation

The development and airborne demonstration of a compact realtime optical processor for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation under the DARPA TOPS program is described. The ERIM spotlight mode SAR system and its processing requirements are presented. It is shown that a 2-D Fourier transforming time-integrating interferometrically based optical processor is an attractive solution to the processing requirements. The optical processor uses a modulated laser diode for radar signal insertion, crossed acousto-opto scanners for 2-D scanning, a modified Köster interferometer for fringe generation, fast detector arrays for light detection and integration, and accumulating frame grabbers to build up the dynamic range of the image. Analysis, simulation, and laboratory experimental results are presented.
Experimental evidence of ballistic transport in cylindrical gate-all-around twin silicon nanowire metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors

We have investigated the electrical characteristics of cylindrical gate-all-around twin silicon nanowire metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect-transistors with 4nm radius and the gate length ranging from 22to408nm. We observed strong transconductance overshoot in the linear source-drain bias regime in the devices with channel length shorter than 46nm. The mean free path estimated from the slope of the zero-field one dimensional ballistic resistance measured as a function of device length was almost the same as this length.
Reversible phase transformation of La Ni O 3 − x thin films studied in situ by spectroscopic ellipsometry

An in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry study has been performed to investigate $\mathrm{La}\mathrm{Ni}{\mathrm{O}}_{3\ensuremath{-}x}$ phase transition associated with oxygenation and/or reduction reversible treatments. Epitaxial thin films of $\mathrm{La}\mathrm{Ni}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ were deposited onto $\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (001) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Reduction of oxygen stoichiometry of these films under high vacuum, which leads to compound with the formula $\mathrm{La}\mathrm{Ni}{\mathrm{O}}_{3\ensuremath{-}x}$, is realized in the deposition chamber and studied in situ by spectroscopic ellipsometry. Phases belonging to the series $\mathrm{La}\mathrm{Ni}{\mathrm{O}}_{3\ensuremath{-}x}$ with $0\ensuremath{\leqslant}x\ensuremath{\leqslant}1$ appear at high temperatures and lead to modifications of the optical properties, such as the refractive index and the extinction coefficient, which can be monitored by spectroscopic in situ ellipsometry. These phase changes are associated with a metal-insulator transition. Specifically, modifications occur in the nickel environment, in particular, part of the Ni-polyhedron change from an octahedral symmetry (with ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{3+}$) to partial squared plane symmetry (with ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{2+}$). The reversible oxygenation process is observed by in situ ellipsometry in the temperature range from $473\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}573\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The thermal variation of the refractive index exhibits a ``first-order-like'' transition whose amplitude depends on the oxygen pressure. The sensitivity of the oxygen deficient $\mathrm{La}\mathrm{Ni}{\mathrm{O}}_{3\ensuremath{-}x}$ to the reoxygenation can be demonstrated not only through electrical properties, as commonly shown, but also through optical properties with a noncontact measurement. Ex situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy exhibits the presence of hydroxide, both La-OH and Ni-OH, at the surface, confirming the hygroscopic behavior of the lanthanum compound. In spite of this dominant surface reaction, a modification in the photoemission spectra can be observed for the oxygen deficient $\mathrm{La}\mathrm{Ni}{\mathrm{O}}_{3\ensuremath{-}x}$ samples. This seems to indicate a loss of oxygen atoms in the LaO plane, leading to a modified perovskite structure. Furthermore, a too long reduction process drives to the irreversible creation of the highly insulating ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}\mathrm{Ni}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ phase with a segregation of NiO.
A Modified Particle Swarm Optimization for Efficient Maximum Power Point Tracking Under Partial Shading Condition

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is envisioned as potential solution to overcome maximum power point tracking (MPPT) problems. Nevertheless, conventional PSO suffers from large transient oscillation, slow convergence and tedious parameter tuning when tracking global MPP (GMPP) under partial shading conditions (PSC), leading to poor efficiency and significant power loss. Therefore, a modified PSO hybridized with adaptive local search (MPSO-HALS) is designed as a robust, real-time MPPT algorithm. A modified initialization scheme that leverages grid partitioning and oppositional-based learning is incorporated to produce an evenly distributed initial population across P-V curve. Additionally, a rank-based selection scheme is adopted to choose best half of population for subsequent global and local search modes. A modified global search method with fewer parameters is devised to rapidly identify approximated location of GMPP. Finally, a modified local search method using Perturb and Observe with adaptive step size method (P&O-ASM) is proposed to refine the near-optimal duty cycle and track GMPP with negligible oscillations. MPSO-HALS is implemented into low-cost microcontroller for real-time application. Extensive studies prove the proposed algorithm outperforms bat algorithm (BA), improved grey wolf optimizer (IGWO), conventional PSO and P&O, with convergence time shorter than 0.3 s and tracking accuracy above 99% under different complex PSCs.
Spectroscopic and photometric observations of the selected Algol‐type binaries★– IV. V799 Cassiopeiae, BX Piscium and HD 172189

We present new radial velocities and UBV photometric observations of three eclipsing binaries, V799 Cas, BXPsc and HD 172189, in order to increase the number of close binaries with absolute parameters determined accurately. Standard wide-band indices for the systems and comparison stars were determined accurately. Using the times of mid-eclipses, new ephemerides are calculated for three systems. V799 Cas and HD 172189 consist of two well-detached components in eccentric orbits. BXPsc is a single-lined eclipsing binary which consists of a late-A and an early-K star. The effective temperatures of the hotter components and reddening of the systems have been estimated from Johnson wide-band UBV photometric calibrations. The UBV photometric data and radial velocities were analysed simultaneously for the systems' parameters using Wilson-Devinney code. The masses have been found to be 3.08 ± 0.40, 2.97 ± 0.40; 1.85 ± 0.14, 0.80 ± 0.08; 2.06 ± 0.15, 1.87 ± 0.14 M ⊙ for the primary and secondary stars of V799 Cas, BX Psc and HD 172189, respectively. The radii of the components are derived in the case of V799 Cas: 3.23 ± 0.14, 3.20 ± 0.14; in those of BXPsc: 3.76 ± 0.14, 2.18 ± 0.09; and HD 172189: 4.01 ± 0.09, 2.97 ± 0.07 R ⊙ . We have calculated the distances to the systems of V799 Cas, BXPsc and HD 172189 as 607 ± 35, 213 ± 6 and 432 ± 12 pc, respectively, using bolometric magnitudes and empirical bolometric corrections for the component stars. The model predictions match the measured properties of V779 Cas, BX Psc and HD 172189 for an age of 250 Myr, 1 Gyr and 890 Myr, respectively. A subsolar fractional metal abundance, Z ≈ 0.008, provides a better match to the absolute parameters of all three systems.
The Two Kinds of Linear Discriminant Functions and their Relationship

Fisher’s two-group discriminant function has been generalized in two different ways for the case of three or more groups. Both generalizations have been called discriminant functions, leading to confusion in the literature. A reasonable nomenclature is canonical discriminant functions and classification functions. The precise functional relation between the two functions is derived, and the interpretation of the two functions is discussed. An illustrative example is provided.
Defects and nanocrystals generated by Si implantation into a-SiO/sub 2/

Electrical charge-trapping characteristics have been studied in thermal oxides that were implanted with Si, experimentally using electron spin resonance (ESR), capacitance versus voltage (CV) measurements, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and theoretically with Density Functional Theory (DFT) using plane waves. Our study examines possible defect structures associated with excess Si in thermal oxides.
Upregulation of APOC1 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Progression and Serves as a Potential Therapeutic Target Based on Bioinformatics Analysis

Background Approximately 10% of cancer patients worldwide have colorectal cancer (CRC), a prevalent gastrointestinal malignancy with substantial mortality and morbidity. The purpose of this work was to investigate the APOC1 gene's expression patterns in the CRC tumor microenvironment and, using the findings from bioinformatics, to assess the biological function of APOC1 in the development of CRC. Methods The TCGA portal was employed in this investigation to find APOC1 expression in CRC. Its correlation with other genes and clinicopathological data was examined using the UALCAN database. To validate APOC1's cellular location, the Human Protein was employed. In order to forecast the relationship between APOC1 expression and prognosis in CRC patients, the Kaplan–Meier plotter database was used. TISIDB was also employed to evaluate the connection between immune responses and APOC1 expression in CRC. The interactions of APOC1 with other proteins were predicted using STRING. In order to understand the factors that contribute to liver metastasis from CRC, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was done on one patient who had the disease. This procedure included sampling preoperative blood and the main colorectal cancer tissues, surrounding colorectal cancer normal tissues, liver metastatic cancer tissues, and normal liver tissues. Finally, an in vitro knockdown method was used to assess how APOC1 expression in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) affected CRC cancer cell growth and migration. Results When compared to paracancerous tissues, APOC1 expression was considerably higher in CRC tissues. The clinicopathological stage and the prognosis of CRC patients had a positive correlation with APOC1 upregulation and a negative correlation, respectively. APOC1 proteins are mostly found in cell cytosols where they may interact with APOE, RAB42, and TREM2. APOC1 was also discovered to have a substantial relationship with immunoinhibitors (CD274, IDO1, and IL10) and immunostimulators (PVR, CD86, and ICOS). According to the results of scRNA-seq, we found that TAMs of CRC tissues had considerably more APOC1 than other cell groups. The proliferation and migration of CRC cells were impeded in vitro by APOC1 knockdown in TAMs. Conclusion Based on scRNA-seq research, the current study shows that APOC1 was overexpressed in TAMs from CRC tissues. By inhibiting APOC1 in TAMs, CRC progression was reduced in vitro, offering a new tactic and giving CRC patients fresh hope.
Coronal emission-line polarization from the statistical equilibrium of magnetic sublevels. II - Fe XIV 5303 A

Coronal magnetic fields influence in the intensity and linear polarization of light scattered by coronal Fe XIV ions. To interpret polarization measurements of Fe XIV 5303 A coronal emission requires a detailed understanding of the dependence of the emitted Stokes vector on coronal magnetic field direction, electron density, and temperature and on height of origin. The required dependence is included in the solutions of statistical equilibrium for the ion which are solved explicitly for 34 magnetic sublevels in both the ground and four excited terms. The full solutions are reduced to equivalent simple analytic forms which clearly show the required dependence on coronal conditions. The analytic forms of the reduced solutions are suitable for routine analysis of 5303 green line polarimetric data obtained at Pic du Midi and from the Solar Maximum Mission Coronagraph/Polarimeter.
Bayesians, Frequentists, and Scientists

Broadly speaking, nineteenth century statistics was Bayesian, while the twentieth century was frequentist, at least from the point of view of most scientific practitioners. Here in the twenty-first century scientists are bringing statisticians much bigger problems to solve, often comprising millions of data points and thousands of parameters. Which statistical philosophy will dominate practice? My guess, backed up with some recent examples, is that a combination of Bayesian and frequentist ideas will be needed to deal with our increasingly intense scientific environment. This will be a challenging period for statisticians, both applied and theoretical, but it also opens the opportunity for a new golden age, rivaling that of Fisher, Neyman, and the other giants of the early 1900s. What follows is the text of the 164th ASA presidential address, delivered at the awards ceremony in Toronto on August 10, 2004.
Study of Diet Habits and Cognitive Function in the Chinese Middle-Aged and Elderly Population: The Association between Folic Acid, B Vitamins, Vitamin D, Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation and Cognitive Ability

A growing body of evidence suggests that vitamin supplements play a role in the prevention of cognitive decline. The objective of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate the relationship between cognitive ability and folic acid, B vitamins, vitamin D (VD) and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation. The sample consisted of 892 adults aged above 50 who were assessed for their cognitive status in the Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (China) from July 2019 to January 2022. According to the degree of cognitive impairment, the subjects were divided into a normal control (NC) group, subjective cognitive decline (SCD) group, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) group and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) group. The results indicated a lower risk of AD in the daily VD-supplemented subjects with MCI compared to those who were not supplemented; a lower risk of cognitive impairment in those with normal cognitive who consumed VD, folic acid or CoQ10 on a daily basis compared those who did not; and a lower risk of cognitive impairment in subjects with normal cognitive performance who consumed B vitamin supplements, either daily or occasionally, compared to those who did not. The correlation was independent of other factors that potentially affect cognition, such as education level, age, etc. In conclusion, our findings confirmed a lower prevalence of cognitive impairment in those who took vitamins (folic acid, B vitamins, VD, CoQ10) daily. Therefore, we would recommend daily supplementation of vitamins (folic acid, B vitamins, VD, CoQ10), especially group B vitamins, as a potential preventive measure to slow cognitive decline and neurodegeneration in the elderly. However, for the elderly who have already suffered from cognitive impairment, VD supplementation may also be beneficial for their brains.
Multiplicity among M Dwarfs

We examine surveys of M dwarfs within 20 pc to determine the incidence of stellar companions. Observational data are drawn from high-quality surveys, including IR-array imaging, precise velocities, IR speckle interferometry, and visual imaging, and their respective incompleteness is determined. Each technique permits detection of companions down to the H-burning limit, and each is nearly complete (owing to the proximity of M dwarfs) within a specific range of separation, the farthest being ∼10 4 AU
Non-Synonymous Variants in Fat QTL Genes among High- and Low-Milk-Yielding Indigenous Breeds

Highlights What are the main findings? Differentially expressed milk fat QTL genes explored with whole genome se-quencing for variant analysis. Identified non-synonymous SNPs for hub and bottleneck QTL genes associated with milk fat traits. What is the implication of the main finding? Identified differential pattern(s) of SNPs in fat QTLs between high and low milk yield breeds. Impact of the identified SNP pattern(s) on milk fat traits can be further explored. Simple Summary Milk fat is a crucial trait that varies significantly among cattle breeds and determines the milk quality and pricing value. Indigenous breeds have disparity in milk quantity and quality. Our study is one of a kind which helps to decipher the variations at the genetic level correlated with transcriptional level among high and low milk-yielding cattle breeds exploring the fat QTLs. We assessed and unveiled a few key differences between the high and low-milk-yield breeds. Abstract The effect of breed on milk components—fat, protein, lactose, and water—has been observed to be significant. As fat is one of the major price-determining factors for milk, exploring the variations in fat QTLs across breeds would shed light on the variable fat content in their milk. Here, on whole-genome sequencing, 25 differentially expressed hub or bottleneck fat QTLs were explored for variations across indigenous breeds. Out of these, 20 genes were identified as having nonsynonymous substitutions. A fixed SNP pattern in high-milk-yielding breeds in comparison to low-milk-yielding breeds was identified in the genes GHR, TLR4, LPIN1, CACNA1C, ZBTB16, ITGA1, ANK1, and NTG5E and, vice versa, in the genes MFGE8, FGF2, TLR4, LPIN1, NUP98, PTK2, ZTB16, DDIT3, and NT5E. The identified SNPs were ratified by pyrosequencing to prove that key differences exist in fat QTLs between the high- and low-milk-yielding breeds.
Stable Iterative Methods for the Inversion of Geophysical Data

Summary Interpretation of earth electrical measurements can often be assisted by inversion, which is a non-linear model-fitting problem in these cases. Iterative methods are normally used, and the solution is defined by ' best fit ' in the sense of generalized least-squares. The inverse problems we describe are ill-posed. That is, small changes in the data can lead to large changes in both the solution and in the iterative process that finds the solution. Through an analysis of the problem, based on local linearization, we define a class of methods that stabilize the iteration, and provide a robust solution. These methods are seen as generalizations of the well-known Singular Value Truncation and Marquardt Methods of iterative inversion. Here, and in a companion paper, we give examples illustrating the successful application of the method to ill-posed problems relating to the resistivity of the Earth. In this paper we present an analysis of the solution to a number of geophysical inverse problems. We also provide a reference for the companion paper (Joint Inversion of Geophysical Data, Vozoff & Jupp 1975), where the results are applied to some specific examples. Solutions to geophysical inverse problems are generally non-unique (Backus & Gilbert 1967, 1968, 1970), and it is usual to reduce the non-uniqueness by restricting the complexity of the Earth models. The mathematical problem that arises is commonly ill-posed (unstable) in the sense that small changes in the data lead to large changes in the solution. The solution methods must take careful account of this inherent problem. In the companion paper, and the example given in Section 3 we have data in the form of apparent resistivity measurements for both magnetotelluric (MT), and Direct Current (DC) survey methods. The restricted class of earth models consists of horizontally layered, isotropic media, with constant resistivity in each layer. The simplified inverse problem is, in this case, to find the layer resistivities and thicknesses that best fit the observed data. The analysis of the problem is not, however, restricted to layered models, but applies to any geophysical inverse problem in which the partial derivatives of the (predicted) data with respect to the (unknown) model parameters can be calculated.
REDUCING DIMENSION IN GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION

In this paper, we propose a very interesting idea in global optimization making it easer and a low-cost task. The main idea is to reduce the dimension of the optimization problem in hand to a mono-dimensional one using variables coding. At this level, the algorithm will look for the global optimum of a mono-dimensional cost function. The new algorithm has the ability to avoid local optima, reduces the number of evaluations, and improves the speed of the algorithm convergence. This method is suitable for functions that have many extremes. Our algorithm can determine a narrow space around the global optimum in very restricted time based on a stochastic tests and an adaptive partition of the search space. Illustrative examples are presented to show the efficiency of the proposed idea. It was found that the algorithm was able to locate the global optimum even though the objective function has a large number of optima.
On linear wave motions in magnetic-velocity shears

The propagation properties of linear wave motions in magnetic and/or velocity shears which vary in one coordinate z (say) are usually governed by a second order linear ordinary differential equation in the independent variable z. It is proved that associated with any such differential equation there always exists a quantity A which is independent of z. By employing A a measure of the intensity of the wave, this result is used to investigate the general propagation properties of hydromagnetic-gravity waves (e.g. critical level absorption, valve effects and wave amplification) in magnetic and/or velocity shears, using a full wave treatment. When variations in the basic state are included, the governing differential equation usually has more singularities than it has in the W.K. B.J. approximation, which neglects all variations in the background state. The study of a wide variety of models shows that critical level behaviour occurs only at the singularities predicted by the W.K. B.J. approximation. Although the solutions of the differential equation are necessarily singular at the irregularities whose presence is solely due to the inclusion of variations in the basic state, the intensity of the wave (as measured by A) is continuous there. Also the valve effect is found to persist whatever the relation between the wavelength of the wave and the scale of variations of the background state. In addition, it is shown that a hydromagnetic-gravity wave incident upon a finite magnetic and/or velocity shear can be amplified (or over-reflected) in the absence of any critical levels within the shear layer. In a Boussinesq fluid rotating uniformly about the vertical, wave amplification can occur if the horizontal vertically sheared flow and magnetic field are perpendicular. In a compressible isothermal fluid, on the other hand, wave amplification not only occurs in both magnetic-velocity and velocity shears but also in a magnetic shear acting alone.