Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gene Dosage- and Age-Dependent Differential Transcriptomic Changes in the Prefrontal Cortex of Shank2-Mutant Mice

Shank2 is an abundant postsynaptic scaffolding protein that is known to regulate excitatory synapse assembly and synaptic transmission and has been implicated in various neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Previous studies on Shank2-mutant mice provided mechanistic insights into their autistic-like phenotypes, but it remains unclear how transcriptomic patterns are changed in brain regions of the mutant mice in age- and gene dosage-dependent manners. To this end, we performed RNA-Seq analyses of the transcripts from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of heterozygous and homozygous Shank2-mutant mice lacking exons 6 and 7 at juvenile (week 3) and adult (week 12) stages. Juvenile heterozygous Shank2-mutant mice showed upregulation of glutamate synapse-related genes, downregulation of ribosomal and mitochondrial genes, and transcriptomic changes that are opposite to those observed in ASD (anti-ASD) such as upregulation of ASD_down (downregulated in ASD), GABA neuron-related, and oligodendrocyte-related genes. Juvenile homozygous Shank2 mice showed upregulation of chromatin-related genes and transcriptomic changes that are in line with those occurring in ASD (pro-ASD) such as downregulation of ASD_down, GABA neuron-related, and oligodendrocyte-related genes. Adult heterozygous and homozygous Shank2-mutant mice both exhibited downregulation of ribosomal and mitochondrial genes and pro-ASD transcriptomic changes. Therefore, the gene dosage- and age-dependent effects of Shank2 deletions in mice include differential transcriptomic changes across distinct functional contexts, including synapses, chromatin, ribosomes, mitochondria, GABA neurons, and oligodendrocytes.
Prognostic Value of Germline Copy Number Variants and Environmental Exposures in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Germline copy number variant (gCNV) has been studied as a genetic determinant for prognosis of several types of cancer, but little is known about how it affects non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) prognosis. We aimed to develop a prognostic nomogram for NSCLC based on gCNVs. Promising gCNVs that are associated with overall survival (OS) of NSCLC were sorted by analyzing the TCGA data and were validated in a small Chinese population. Then the successfully verified gCNVs were determined in a training cohort (n = 570) to develop a prognostic nomogram, and in a validation cohort (n = 465) to validate the nomogram. Thirty-five OS-related gCNVs were sorted and were reduced to 15 predictors by the Lasso regression analysis. Of them, only CNVR395.1 and CNVR2239.1 were confirmed to be associated with OS of NSCLC in the Chinese population. High polygenic risk score (PRS), which was calculated by the hazard effects of CNVR395.1 and CNVR2239.1, exerted a significantly higher death rate in the training cohort (HR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.16–1.74) and validation cohort (HR = 1.42, 95%CI: 1.13–1.77) than low PRS. The nomogram incorporating PRS and surrounding factors, achieved admissible concordance indexes of 0.678 (95%CI: 0.664–0.693) and 0.686 (95%CI: 0.670–0.702) in predicting OS in the training and validation cohorts, respectively, and had well-fitted calibration curves. Moreover, an interaction between PRS and asbestos exposure was observed on affecting OS (Pinteraction = 0.042). Our analysis developed a nomogram that achieved an admissible prediction of NSCLC survival, which would be beneficial to the personalized intervention of NSCLC.
Color Modulates Feature Integration

Bayesian models of object recognition propose the resolution of ambiguity through probabilistic integration of prior experience with available sensory information. Color, even when task-irrelevant, has been shown to modulate high-level cognitive control tasks. However, it remains unclear how color modulations affect lower-level perceptual processing. We investigated whether color affects feature integration using the flash-jump illusion. This illusion occurs when an apparent motion stimulus, a rectangular bar appearing at different locations along a motion trajectory, changes color at a single position. Observers misperceive this color change as occurring farther along the trajectory of motion. This mislocalization error is proposed to be produced by a Bayesian perceptual framework dependent on responses in area V4. Our results demonstrated that the color of the flash modulated the magnitude of the flash-jump illusion such that participants reported less of a shift, i.e., a more veridical flash location, for both red and blue flashes, as compared to green and yellow. Our findings extend color-dependent modulation effects found in higher-order executive functions into lower-level Bayesian perceptual processes. Our results also support the theory that feature integration is a Bayesian process. In this framework, color modulations play an inherent and automatic role as different colors have different weights in Bayesian perceptual processing.
Crowding-Out or Crowding-In: Government Health Investment and Household Consumption

This paper explores the relationship of government health investment and household consumption by applying a panel fixed effects model and Sobel-Goodman mediation tests to inland Chinese provinces. The empirical results highlight that government health investment has a crowding-in effect and can thus promote household consumption. Furthermore, the promotion effect on non-medical health consumption is greater than that on medical health consumption. The promotion effect of government health investment on rural household consumption is higher than that on urban household consumption, and the promotion effect on household consumption for northern provinces is higher than that in southern provinces. This heterogeneous effect is closely related to the difference between urban and rural development; and the economic levels of the northern and South regions. The mediation tests found that government health investment mainly promotes regional economic growth, and then increases household consumption. In the economic and social development process, the government should implement more effective medical and health care measures to increase social medical and health investment to improve the consumption level of households.
EFFECTS OF SEED PRIMING NACL ON GERMINATION TRAITS OF MAIZE UNDER DIFFERENT SALINE CONDITIONS

We aimed at studying the effects of seed priming on agronomic traits in maize using NaCl solutions containing different salt concentrations. The study was carried out in Valiasr University of Rafsanjan, Iran in 2009. A factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications was applied. Salinity treatments were 0, 4, 8 and 12 dS.m and salt solutions for priming were 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0 molar NaCl. Seed characteristics like shoot dry weight, stem length, number of leaves, leaf area, chlorophyll and ion leakage were measured. The results of analysis of variance showed that the effects of salinity and seed priming on shoot dry weight, stem length, number of leaves, leaf area, chlorophyll and ion leakage were significant at the probability level of 1% (P< 0.01). The increase in salinity up to 12 dS.m negatively influenced all traits except ion leakage and the amounts of reduction for the mentioned traits were 75.67, 52.25, 25, 69.97 and 21.17%, respectively, as compared with the control. In the case of ion leakage, the difference was 3.03 times less than that of control. Seed priming compensated the negative effects of salinity on plant traits and all the traits positively responded to the treatment of seed priming. Results showed that seed priming with NaCl may be considered as a reliable procedure to increase the maize tolerance to salinity.
Current Challenges and Future Perspectives of Renal Tubular Dysfunction in Diabetic Kidney Disease

Over decades, substantial progress has been achieved in understanding the pathogenesis of proteinuria in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), biomarkers for DKD screening, diagnosis, and prognosis, as well as novel hypoglycemia agents in clinical trials, thereby rendering more attention focused on the role of renal tubules in DKD. Previous studies have demonstrated that morphological and functional changes in renal tubules are highly involved in the occurrence and development of DKD. Novel tubular biomarkers have shown some clinical importance. However, there are many challenges to transition into personalized diagnosis and guidance for individual therapy in clinical practice. Large-scale clinical trials suggested the clinical relevance of increased proximal reabsorption and hyperfiltration by sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) to improve renal outcomes in patients with diabetes, further promoting the emergence of renal tubulocentric research. Therefore, this review summarized the recent progress in the pathophysiology associated with involved mechanisms of renal tubules, potential tubular biomarkers with clinical application, and renal tubular factors in DKD management. The mechanism of kidney protection and impressive results from clinical trials of SGLT2 inhibitors were summarized and discussed, offering a comprehensive update on therapeutic strategies targeting renal tubules.
Identification of Novel Biallelic TLE6 Variants in Female Infertility With Preimplantation Embryonic Lethality

Preimplantation embryonic lethality is a rare cause of primary female infertility. It has been reported that variants in the transducin-like enhancer of split 6 (TLE6) gene can lead to preimplantation embryonic lethality. However, the incidence of TLE6 variants in patients with preimplantation embryonic lethality is not fully understood. In this study, we identified four patients carrying novel biallelic TLE6 variants in a cohort of 28 patients with preimplantation embryonic lethality by whole-exome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, accounting for 14.29% (4/28) of the cohort. Immunofluorescence showed that the TLE6 levels in oocytes from patients were much lower than in normal control oocytes, suggesting that the variants result in the lower expression of the TLE6 protein in oocytes. In addition, a retrospective analysis showed that the four patients underwent a total of nine failures of in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection attempts, and one of them became pregnant on the first attempt using donated oocytes. Our study extends the genetic spectrum of female infertility caused by variants in TLE6 and further confirms previously reported findings that TLE6 plays an essential role in early embryonic development. In such case, oocyte donation may be the preferred treatment.
Case Report: Report of 2 Different Cases of Ovarian Teratoma Evaluated by Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound

Ovarian masses are not easily differentiated on transabdominal ultrasound in children. A useful supplement in various pediatric applications is dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (dynCEUS). It can be performed quickly and easily. However, the literature for dynCEUS on pediatric ovarian masses is limited. We compared two cases with ovarian teratoma in which dynCEUS was a helpful additional tool.
Antibiotic Resistance and Sewage-Associated Marker Genes in Untreated Sewage and a River Characterized During Baseflow and Stormflow

Since sewage is a hotspot for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), the identification of ARGs in environmental waters impacted by sewage, and their correlation to fecal indicators, is necessary to implement management strategies. In this study, sewage treatment plant (STP) influent samples were collected and analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to investigate the abundance and correlations between sewage-associated markers (i.e., Bacteroides HF183, Lachnospiraceae Lachno3, crAssphage) and ARGs indicating resistance to nine antibiotics (belonging to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, macrolides, and tetracyclines). All ARGs, except blaVIM, and sewage-associated marker genes were always detected in untreated sewage, and ermF and sul1 were detected in the greatest abundances. intl1 was also highly abundant in untreated sewage samples. Significant correlations were identified between sewage-associated marker genes, ARGs and the intl1 in untreated sewage (τ = 0.488, p = 0.0125). Of the three sewage-associated marker genes, the BIO-ENV procedure identified that HF183 alone best maximized correlations to ARGs and intl1 (τ = 0.590). Additionally, grab samples were collected from peri-urban and urban sites along the Brisbane River system during base and stormflow conditions, and analyzed for Escherichia coli, ARGs, the intl1, and sewage-associated marker genes using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Significant correlations were identified between E. coli, ARGs, and intl1 (τ = 0.0893, p = 0.0032), as well as with sewage-associated marker genes in water samples from the Brisbane River system (τ = 0.3229, p = 0.0001). Of the sewage-associated marker genes and E. coli, the BIO-ENV procedure identified that crAssphage alone maximized correlations with ARGs and intl1 in river samples (τ = 0.4148). Significant differences in E. coli, ARGs, intl1, and sewage-associated marker genes, and by flow condition (i.e., base vs. storm), and site types (peri-urban vs. urban) combined were identified (R = 0.3668, p = 0.0001), where percent dissimilarities between the multi-factorial groups ranged between 20.8 and 11.2%. Results from this study suggest increased levels of certain ARGs and sewage-associated marker genes in stormflow river water samples compared to base flow conditions. E. coli, HF183 and crAssphage may serve as potential indicators of sewage-derived ARGs under stormflow conditions, and this merits further investigation. Data presented in this study will be valuable to water quality managers to understand the links between sewage pollution and ARGs in urban environments.
Vitis Vinifera Leaf Extract Protects Against Glutamate-Induced Oxidative Toxicity in HT22 Hippocampal Neuronal Cells and Increases Stress Resistance Properties in Caenorhabditis Elegans

Vitis vinifea has been used for traditional medicines, food, beverages, and dietary antioxidant supplements. The chemical compositions and biological activities of the fruits and seeds have been extensively investigated. However, the biological effects of the leaves are limited, and its anti-neurodegeneration or antiaging activities are little known. The current work aims to study the beneficial effects of V. vinifera leaf extract on neuroprotective effects in HT22 cells, antiaging, and oxidative stress resistance properties in the Caenorhabditis elegans model. The ethanol extract was characterized by phytochemical composition using gas/liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The beneficial effects of V. vinifera ethanol (VVE) extract on antioxidant properties, neuroprotective effects, and the underlying mechanisms were studied by in vitro and in vivo studies. In HT22 cells, we found that VVE has a protective effect against glutamate-mediated oxidative stress-induced cell death. The gene expression of cellular antioxidant enzymes such as CAT, SODs, GSTs, and GPx was upregulated by VVE treatment. Moreover, VVE was also shown to alleviate oxidative stress and attenuate reactive oxygen species accumulation in C. elegans. We demonstrated that VVE could upregulate the expression of stress-response genes gst-4 and sod-3 and downregulate the expression of hsp-16.2. Our results suggest that the oxidative stress resistance properties of VVE are possibly involved in DAF-16/FoxO transcription factors. VVE reduced age-related markers (lipofuscin) while did not extend the life span of C. elegans under normal conditions. This study reports the neuroprotective effect and antioxidant activity of V. vinifera leaf extract and suggests its potential as a dietary or alternative supplement to defend against oxidative stress and age-related diseases. Graphical Abstract
What Is Learned in Pavlovian Conditioning in Crickets? Revisiting the S-S and S-R Learning Theories

In Pavlovian conditioning in mammals, two theories have been proposed for associations underlying conditioned responses (CRs). One theory, called S-S theory, assumes an association between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and internal representation of an unconditioned stimulus (US), allowing the animal to adjust the CR depending on the current value of the US. The other theory, called S-R theory, assumes an association or connection between the CS center and the CR center, allowing the CS to elicit the CR. Whether these theories account for Pavlovian conditioning in invertebrates has remained unclear. In this article, results of our studies in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus are reviewed. We showed that after a standard amount of Pavlovian training, crickets exhibited no response to odor CS when water US was devalued by providing it until satiation, whereas after extended training, they exhibited a CR after US devaluation. An increase of behavioral automaticity by extended training has not been reported in Pavlovian conditioning in any other animals, but it has been documented in instrumental conditioning in mammals. Our pharmacological analysis suggested that octopamine neurons mediate US (water) value signals and control execution of the CR after standard training. The control, however, diminishes with extension of training and hence the CR becomes insensitive to the US value. We also found that the nature of the habitual response after extended Pavlovian training in crickets is not the same as that after extended instrumental training in mammals concerning the context specificity. Adaptive significance and evolutionary implications for our findings are discussed.
Left Anterior Fascicular Block After Transcatheter Closure of Ventricular Septal Defect in Children

Background: Arrhythmia is the most common complication after transcatheter closure of a ventricular septal defect (VSD). However, the effects of postprocedural left anterior fascicular block are not clear. This study presents the clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of left anterior fascicular block after transcatheter closure of a VSD in children. Methods: The clinical and follow-up data of the patients in the Heart Center of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from June 2009 to October 2018 were reviewed. And 30 cases were eligible out of all 1,371 cases. Results: An electrocardiogram showed a left anterior fascicular block within 3 days, and most patients gradually returned to normal within 1–2 years, showing a dynamic change. Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension Z-score ranged from −2 to 2 in all children, and no decrease of left ventricular ejection fraction was found in all children. The high ratio between VSD size and body surface area [p < 0.05, odds ratio (OR) 2.6, 95% CI: 1.136–6.113] and large diameter difference between the occluder size and VSD size (p < 0.05, OR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.036–4.609) were independent risk factors for postprocedural left anterior fascicular block. Conclusions: The incidence of postprocedural left anterior fascicular block is not that low, and the overall prognosis is quite good at the current follow-up stage. No progressive severity has been found, such as complete left bundle branch block, double (triple) bundle branch block, and atrioventricular block, to have an influence on cardiac systolic and diastolic function.
AWSMOTE: An SVM-Based Adaptive Weighted SMOTE for Class-Imbalance Learning

In class-imbalance learning, Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) is a widely used technique to tackle classimbalance problems from the data level, whereas SMOTE blindly selects neighboring minority class points when performing an interpolation among them and inevitably brings collinearity between the generated new points and the original ones. To combat these problems, we propose in this study an adaptive-weighting SMOTEmethod, termed as AWSMOTE. AWSMOTE applies two types of SVM-based weights into SMOTE. A kind of weight is used in variable space to combat the drawbacks of collinearity, while another weight is utilized in sample space to purposefully choose those support vectors from the minority class as the neighboring points in the interpolation. AWSMOTE is compared with SMOTE and its improved versions with six simulated datasets and 22 real-world datasets. ,e results demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach.
A Framework of Uplink-Downlink NOMA Protocol for Multiple Access in IoT-Oriented Networks

—With the fast development of wireless systems and internet of things (IoT), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been studied as one of effective schemes to meet increasing demands of massive users. Two types of NOMA transmission, i.e., uplink (UL) and downlink (DL), have been explored in term of mathematical analysis. The first one is derivation of outage probability for UL, DL. The second, we find parameters to adjust system performance to meet requirement in design of NOMA in practice.
Craniofacial Reconstruction via Face Elevation Map Estimation Based on the Deep Convolution Neutral Network

School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Network Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
Early Prediction of Organ Failures in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis Using Text Mining

West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, -e Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston 77030, USA
A Survey of Current trends in road extraction from Satellite images

Road Network detection is important role of earth observation. It is detected from various satellite images like multispectral images, pan-sharpened images, SAR images and Aerial images. These are differentiated from various resolutions. In this survey most of the road networks detected from areal images, world view and quick bird images. Because very high-resolution images and Very less types of multispectral images has been used for road network detection. All researchers are focused on very high resolution satellite images for road network detection.