Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interpretable and Low-Resource Entity Matching via Decoupling Feature Learning from Decision Making

Entity Matching (EM) aims at recognizing entity records that denote the same real-world object. Neural EM models learn vector representation of entity descriptions and match entities end-to-end. Though robust, these methods require many annotated resources for training, and lack of interpretability. In this paper, we propose a novel EM framework that consists of Heterogeneous Information Fusion (HIF) and Key Attribute Tree (KAT) Induction to decouple feature representation from matching decision. Using self-supervised learning and mask mechanism in pre-trained language modeling, HIF learns the embeddings of noisy attribute values by inter-attribute attention with unlabeled data. Using a set of comparison features and a limited amount of annotated data, KAT Induction learns an efficient decision tree that can be interpreted by generating entity matching rules whose structure is advocated by domain experts. Experiments on 6 public datasets and 3 industrial datasets show that our method is highly efficient and outperforms SOTA EM models in most cases. We will release the codes upon acceptance.
LLAMA: The low‐level abstraction for memory access

The performance gap between CPU and memory widens continuously. Choosing the best memory layout for each hardware architecture is increasingly important as more and more programs become memory bound. For portable codes that run across heterogeneous hardware architectures, the choice of the memory layout for data structures is ideally decoupled from the rest of a program. This can be accomplished via a zero‐runtime‐overhead abstraction layer, underneath which memory layouts can be freely exchanged. We present the low‐level abstraction of memory access (LLAMA), a C++ library that provides such a data structure abstraction layer with example implementations for multidimensional arrays of nested, structured data. LLAMA provides fully C++ compliant methods for defining and switching custom memory layouts for user‐defined data types. The library is extensible with third‐party allocators. Providing two close‐to‐life examples, we show that the LLAMA‐generated array of structs and struct of arrays layouts produce identical code with the same performance characteristics as manually written data structures. Integrations into the SPEC CPU® lbm benchmark and the particle‐in‐cell simulation PIConGPU demonstrate LLAMA's abilities in real‐world applications. LLAMA's layout‐aware copy routines can significantly speed up transfer and reshuffling of data between layouts compared with naive element‐wise copying. LLAMA provides a novel tool for the development of high‐performance C++ applications in a heterogeneous environment.
Re-evaluation of Lunar X-ray observations by Apollo 15 and 16

The Apollo 15 and 16 missions were the first to explore the Lunar surface chemistry by investigating about 10% of the Lunar surface using a remote sensing X-ray fluorescence spectrometer experiment. The data obtained have been extensively used to study Lunar formation history and geological evolution. In this work, a re-evaluation of the Apollo 15 and 16 X-ray fluorescence experiment is conducted with the aim of obtaining up-to-date empirical values for aluminum (Al) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations relative to silicon (Si) of the upper Lunar surface. An updated instrument response, a newly reconstructed Lunar trajectory orbit, and improved intensity ratio calculations were used to obtain new intensity ratio maps. The resulting Lunar Al/Si and Mg/Al X-ray maps show a clear distinction in Lunar mare and highland regions. The mean Al/Si and Mg/Al intensity ratios for the mare regions obtained from the newly obtained maps are 0.54 ± 0.07 and 0.54 ± 0.17, respectively; for the highland regions, the values are 0.76 ± 0.07 and 1.07 ± 0.13, respectively. For the Mg/Si intensity ratio, no clear distinction between Lunar features is obtained and we derived a mean value of 0.47 ± 0.13. Our determined intensity ratios are lower than previously published. These values can be used to infer concentration ratios when accounting for Solar activity, inter-orbit variability, and measurements from different instruments. We employed a correction to infer concentration ratios by comparing our intensity ratios directly to Lunar rock concentrations obtained from various Lunar missions.
A Roadmap for Controlled and Efficient n‐Type Doping of Self‐Assisted GaAs Nanowires Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

N‐type doping of GaAs nanowires has proven to be difficult because the amphoteric character of silicon impurities is enhanced by the nanowire growth mechanism and growth conditions. The controllable growth of n‐type GaAs nanowires with carrier density as high as 1020 electron cm−3 by self‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy using Te donors is demonstrated here. Carrier density and electron mobility of highly doped nanowires are extracted through a combination of transport measurement and Kelvin probe force microscopy analysis in single‐wire field‐effect devices. Low‐temperature photoluminescence is used to characterize the Te‐doped nanowires over several orders of magnitude of the impurity concentration. The combined use of those techniques allows the precise definition of the growth conditions required for effective Te incorporation.
Central auditory maturation and behavioral outcomes after cochlear implantation in prelingual auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder related to OTOF variants (DFNB9): Lessons from pilot study

The cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP)-based P1 component acts as a biomarker for cochlear implantation (CI) outcomes in children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD). To date, early intervention primarily before the age of two years and six months of CI usage is necessary and sufficient to achieve age-appropriate cortical maturation and good prognosis. However, varying degrees of neural dyssynchrony, resulting from the etiological heterogeneity of ANSD, may preclude uniform application of this hypothesis to ensure auditory cortical maturation. Thus, a focused evaluation of those carrying OTOF variants, which may be the salient molecular etiology of prelingual ANSD, would circumvent the issue of heterogeneity. Here, we sought to provide a much better understanding of the brain perspectives (i.e., P1 maturation) in OTOF-associated ANSD subjects and set the stage for an optimal strategy to enhance language development. We conducted a preliminary study comprising 10 subjects diagnosed with OTOF-related ANSD who underwent CI by a single surgeon and subsequently underwent measurements of the P1 component. We observed that DFNB9 subjects who received CI after 2 years of age exhibited “absent” or “anomalous” P1 components that correspond to delayed language development. However, timely implantation, as early as 12 months of age per se, might be insufficient to achieve age-appropriate cortical maturation of DFNB9 in cases with six to seven months of device use. This suggests the importance of sustained rehabilitation in DFNB9 than in other etiologies. Indeed, an additional follow-up study showed that a reduction in P1 latency was linked to an improvement in auditory performance. Collectively, our results suggest that central auditory maturation and successful outcome of CI in DFNB9 may have more demanding requirements, that is, earlier implantation and more sustained rehabilitation. We believe that the current study opens a new path toward genome-based neuroimaging in the field of hearing research.
Direct and size-mediated effects of temperature and ration-dependent growth rates on energy reserves in juvenile anadromous alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus).

Growth rate and energy reserves are important determinants of fitness and are governed by endogenous and exogenous factors. Thus, examining the influence of individual and multiple stressors on growth and energy reserves can help estimate population health under current and future conditions. In young anadromous fishes, freshwater habitat quality determines physiological state and fitness of juveniles emigrating to marine habitats. We tested how temperature and food availability affect survival, growth, and energy reserves in juvenile anadromous alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus), a forage fish distributed along the eastern North American continent. Field-collected juvenile anadromous A. pseudoharengus were exposed for 21 days to one of two temperatures (21°C and 25°C) and one of two levels of food rations (1% or 2% tank biomass daily) and compared for differences in final size, fat mass-at-length, lean mass-at-length, and energy density. Increased temperature and reduced ration both led to lower growth rates and the effect of reduced ration was greater at higher temperature. Fat mass-at-length decreased with dry mass and energy density increased with total length, suggesting size-based endogenous influences on energy reserves. Lower ration also directly decreased fat mass-at-length, lean mass-at-length and energy density. Given the fitness implications of size and energy reserves, temperature and food availability should be considered important indicators of nursery habitat quality and incorporated in A. pseudoharengus life history models to improve forecasting of population health under climate change. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Subcellular Distribution of Persistent Sodium Conductance in Cortical Pyramidal Neurons

Cortical pyramidal neurons possess a persistent Na+ current (INaP), which, in contrast to the larger transient current, does not undergo rapid inactivation. Although relatively quite small, INaP is active at subthreshold voltages and therefore plays an important role in neuronal input–output processing. The subcellular distribution of channels responsible for INaP and the mechanisms that render them persistent are not known. Using high-speed fluorescence Na+ imaging and whole-cell recordings in brain slices obtained from mice of either sex, we reconstructed the INaP elicited by slow voltage ramps in soma and processes of cortical pyramidal neurons. We found that in all neuronal compartments, the relationship between persistent Na+ conductance and membrane voltage has the shape of a Boltzmann function. Although the density of channels underlying INaP was about twofold lower in the axon initial segment (AIS) than in the soma, the axonal channels were activated by ∼10 mV less depolarization than were somatic channels. This difference in voltage dependence explains why, at functionally critical subthreshold voltages, most INaP originates in the AIS. Finally, we show that endogenous polyamines constrain INaP availability in both somatodendritic and axonal compartments of nondialyzed cortical neurons. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The most salient characteristic of neuronal sodium channels is fast inactivation. However, a fraction of the sodium current does not inactivate. In cortical neurons, persistent current (INaP) plays a prominent role in many important functions. Its subcellular distribution and generation mechanisms are, however, elusive. Using high-speed fluorescence Na+ imaging and electrical recordings, we reconstructed the INaP in soma and processes of cortical pyramidal neurons. We found that at near-threshold voltages INaP originates predominately from the axon, because of the distinctive voltage dependence of the underlying channels and not because of their high density. Finally, we show that the presence of endogenous polyamines significantly constrains INaP availability in all compartments of nondialyzed cortical neurons.
Choosing a Metamodel of a Simulation Model for Uncertainty Quantification

Background Metamodeling may substantially reduce the computational expense of individual-level state transition simulation models (IL-STM) for calibration, uncertainty quantification, and health policy evaluation. However, because of the lack of guidance and readily available computer code, metamodels are still not widely used in health economics and public health. In this study, we provide guidance on how to choose a metamodel for uncertainty quantification. Methods We built a simulation study to evaluate the prediction accuracy and computational expense of metamodels for uncertainty quantification using life-years gained (LYG) by treatment as the IL-STM outcome. We analyzed how metamodel accuracy changes with the characteristics of the simulation model using a linear model (LM), Gaussian process regression (GP), generalized additive models (GAMs), and artificial neural networks (ANNs). Finally, we tested these metamodels in a case study consisting of a probabilistic analysis of a lung cancer IL-STM. Results In a scenario with low uncertainty in model parameters (i.e., small confidence interval), sufficient numbers of simulated life histories, and simulation model runs, commonly used metamodels (LM, ANNs, GAMs, and GP) have similar, good accuracy, with errors smaller than 1% for predicting LYG. With a higher level of uncertainty in model parameters, the prediction accuracy of GP and ANN is superior to LM. In the case study, we found that in the worst case, the best metamodel had an error of about 2.1%. Conclusion To obtain good prediction accuracy, in an efficient way, we recommend starting with LM, and if the resulting accuracy is insufficient, we recommend trying ANNs and eventually also GP regression.
Multi-omics analyses reveal the roles of the ASR1 transcription factor in tomato fruits.

The transcription factor Asr1 (ABA, stress, ripening 1) plays multiple roles in the plant responses to abiotic stresses as well as being involved in the regulation of central metabolism in several plant species. However, despite the high expression levels of ASR1 in tomato fruits, large scale analyses to uncover its role in fruits are still lacking. In order to study its function in the context of fruit ripening, we performed a multi-omics analysis of Asr1-silenced transgenic tomato fruits at transcriptomics and metabolomics levels. Our results indicate that ASR1 is involved in several pathways implicated in the fruit ripening process, including cell wall, amino acid, and carotenoid metabolism as well as abiotic stress pathways. Moreover, we found that Asr1-silenced fruits are more susceptible to the infection by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. A literature search suggested that Asr1 could be regulated by the fruit ripening regulators NOR, CNR and FUL1/2, among others, which allowed us to situate it in the regulatory cascade of red ripe tomato fruits. These data thus extend the known range of functions of ASR1 underlying it to be an important auxiliary regulator of tomato ripening.
Treatment alliance and needs of care concerning religiousness and spirituality: A follow-up study among psychiatric inpatients

Background: Patient satisfaction with religious/spiritual (R/S) care during mental health treatment has been associated with a better treatment alliance. Aims: To investigate the longitudinal relations between (un)met R/S care needs and treatment alliance/compliance over a 6-month period. Method: 201 patients in a Christian (CC) and a secular mental health clinic completed a questionnaire (T0) containing an R/S care needs questionnaire, the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) and the Service Engagement Scale (SES). After 6 months 136 of them took part in a follow-up (T1). Associations were analysed using hybrid linear mixed models and structural equation modelling. Results: R/S care needs decreased over time, but a similar percentage remained unanswered (e.g. 67% of the needs on R/S conversations in a secular setting). Over a 6-month period, met R/S care needs were associated with a higher WAI score (β = .25; p < .001), and unmet R/S care needs with lower WAI score (β = −.36; p < .001), which were mainly between subjects effects. Patients reporting a high score of unmet R/S care at baseline, reported a decrease in SES over time (β = −.13; p < .05). Conclusions: Satisfaction with R/S care among mental health patients is related to a better treatment alliance. When unmet R/S care needs persist, they precede a decrease in treatment compliance. Mental health professionals are recommended to assess the presence of R/S care needs and consider possibilities of R/S care especially in the first weeks of treatment.
Prevalence of thyroid malignancy and hormonal dysfunction following radiation exposure in childhood.

INTRODUCTION Childhood radiation exposure is a known risk factor for thyroid malignancy and dysfunction. However, local data are limited and there is no consensus on the modality and frequency of screening in this high-risk group. METHODS Retrospective analysis study evaluating patients with childhood radiation exposure in 2006-2016 and minimum of 1-year follow-up. RESULTS Of the 132 childhood cancer survivors in the study, thyroid malignancy was detected in 2 cases (1.5%) and thyroid nodules in 13 (9.8%). The earliest thyroid malignancy was detected 5 years post-radiotherapy via ultrasound. Of the 84 patients who had screening thyroid function test, 26 (31.0%) were detected with abnormal test results post-radiation, majority being subclinical hypothyroidism. CONCLUSION Regular screening via clinical examination for thyroid nodules should be performed at least annually. Where feasible and if resources permit, consideration should be given to using ultrasound for thyroid nodule(s) and malignancy screening at 5 years post-radiation therapy. Screening for thyroid dysfunction can be considered from 6-12 months post-radiotherapy.
Individual Muscle Adaptations in different Resistance Training Systems in Well-Trained Men

Abstract Using a within-subject design we compared the individual responses between drop-set (DS) vs. traditional resistance training (TRAD) (n=16) and crescent pyramid (CP) vs. TRAD (n=15). Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), leg press and leg extension 1 repetition maximum (1-RM) were assessed pre and post training. At group level, CSA increased from pre to post (DS: 7.8% vs. TRAD: 7.5%, P=0.02; CP: 7.5% vs. TRAD: 7.8%, P=0.02). All protocols increased the 1-RM from pre to post for leg press (DS: 24.9% vs. TRAD: 26.8%, P < 0.0001; CP: 27.3% vs. TRAD:2 6.3%, P < 0.0001) and leg extension (DS: 17.1% vs. TRAD: 17.3%, P < 0.0001; CP: 17.0% vs. TRAD: 16.6%, P < 0.0001). Individual analysis for CSA demonstrated no differences between protocols in 15 subjects. For leg press 1-RM, 5 subjects responded more to TRAD, 2 to DS and 9 similarly between protocols. In TRAD vs. CP, 4 subjects responded more to CP, 1 to TRAD and 10 similarly between protocols. For leg extension 1-RM 2 subjects responded more to DS, 3 to TRAD and 11 similarly between protocols. Additionally, 2 subjects responded more to CP, 2 to TRAD and 11 similarly between protocols. In conclusion, all protocols induced similar individual responses for CSA. For 1-RM, some subjects experience greater gains for the protocol performed with higher loads, such as CP.
Microbial mineralization of organic matter: mechanisms of self-organization and inferred rates of precipitation of diagenetic minerals

Carbonate concretions attract study because, unlike intergranular cements, they form conspicuous spheroidal or laterally extensive bodies. However, they pose a fundamental challenge to uniformitarianism because no concretions identical to geologically preserved ones are forming today. Nevertheless, understanding their origin can be accomplished by simulation of geological processes, using present-day processes and pore-water compositions. The successive reactions (mainly microbial) degrading organic-matter during sediment burial produce inorganic species which may form carbonate and sulphide minerals and can be characterized by stable isotope and chemical compositions. Pyrite-rimmed, spheroidal carbonate carbonate concretions (Jurassic) resulted from outward diffusion of microbially produced sulphide which reacted with inwardly diffusing iron. Extensive, bedded siderite concretions (Coal Measures) were formed by microbial reduction of Fe(III) which could only proceed because the reaction was buffered by precipitation of carbonate produced by methanogens degrading more deeply buried organic matter. Byproducts of the reactions may either inhibit or promote initiation of similar precipitation reactions locally. The former case leads to situations where initial random localization of reaction sites causes self-organized reaction within the sediment (applicable to the Jurassic example). Simulations of the Jurassic concretions’ growth process, using present day pore-water solute concentrations of calcium, sulphide and iron, give results which correspond with the spatial distribution of mineral precipitates observed in geological samples. Calculated rates of mineral precipitation give minimum durations 7400 to 52000 years, much shorter than previous estimates. These results suggest that low rates of microbial sulphate reduction, relative to present day measured values, were needed and accord with the inferred depth of formation and pore-water sulphate concentrations.
Pet rat welfare in the United Kingdom: The good, the bad and the ugly.

BACKGROUND To date, despite the substantial literature investigating how rats prefer to be kept in captivity, no research has been conducted to assess the housing, husbandry and health of pet rats. METHODS To better understand the United Kingdom's pet rat population and the welfare issues they face, we conducted an online survey of pet rat owners. The survey included questions about the owner and their opinions about pet rats, and about their rats' health, husbandry and housing. RESULTS The results, from 677 complete responses, highlighted areas of rat care that were "good", "bad" and "ugly" (i.e. likely to be highly detrimental to welfare). The good was that many rats were provided with a social companion and enrichment; the bad was that we could not be certain whether rats had a sufficiently nutritious diet or sufficient opportunities to explore or adequate nesting substrate; and the ugly included cases of exposure of rats to predator species within the home and a generally high prevalence of disease. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that there is much cause for concern about the welfare of pet rats in the United Kingdom.
Case Report: Children with Severe Nutritional Rickets in the Naga Region in Northwest Myanmar, on the border with India

Abstract. Rickets is an often-neglected, painful, and disabling childhood condition of impaired bone mineralization. In this case series we describe a cluster of 29 children with severe, painful bone deformities who live in the very remote region of Nagaland in northwest Myanmar. Children were found to have low 25-hydroxyvitamin D, elevated parathyroid hormone, and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels, consistent with nutritional rickets secondary to vitamin D deficiency, calcium deficiency, or a combination of the two. After treatment with vitamin D3 and calcium carbonate, significant improvement was seen in symptoms, biochemistry, and radiography. This is the first report of nutritional rickets in Myanmar in more than 120 years. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation, and food fortification for pregnant women and young children may be required to prevent this potentially devastating disease.