Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entwicklung einer Methodik zur Prüfung der Wirksamkeit von künstlicher Intelligenz

Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) entwickelt sich durch optimierte Rechenleistungen, große Mengen an verfügbaren Daten und massiven Investitionen immer mehr zu einem unverzichtbaren Bestandteil des Alltags. Gleichzeitig führen die Komplexität der Technologie und fehlende Optionen zur eindeutigen Nachvollziehbarkeit von Entscheidungsprozessen zu vielfältigen, neuartigen Risiken. Vor dem Hintergrund möglicher Folgen durch maschinelle Fehlentscheidungen steht die Interne Revision in der Verantwortung, die Wirksamkeit von Künstlicher Intelligenz in spezifischen Anwendungsfällen zu bewerten.
An analytical technique for studying interacting branched cracks in a plate

An analytical method for studying interacting branched cracks in an infinite plate is developed. Based on superposition and dislocation theory, this method can be used to determine the full stress and displacement fields in a cracked material. In addition, stress singularities at both crack tips and wedges (created by crack branching) are calculated so that crack growth and initiation can be analyzed at all locations of possible crack propagation. A key concept of the method is the development of dislocation distributions that represent the opening displacements and capture the physical behavior of the cracks. Each distribution is a shaping series representing characteristic crack behaviors; therefore, development of effective distributions is a crucial aspect of this work. Branched cracks of complex shapes under general loading conditions can be evaluated with this method. Results show rapid convergence for few degrees of freedom (as measured by the number of dislocation distribution terms included in a particular analysis).
Feedback under the microscope - II. Heating, gas uplift and mixing in the nearest cluster core

Using a combination of deep (574 ks) Chandra data, XMM-Newton high-resolution spectra and optical Hα+[N II] images, we study the nature and spatial distribution of the multi-phase plasma in M87. Our results provide direct observational evidence of 'radio-mode' active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback in action, stripping the central galaxy of its lowest entropy gas and therefore preventing star formation. This low entropy gas was entrained with and uplifted by the buoyantly rising relativistic plasma, forming long 'arms'. A number of arguments suggest that these arms are oriented within 15°-30° of our line-of-sight. The mass of the uplifted gas in the arms is comparable to the gas mass in the approximately spherically symmetric 3.8 kpc core, demonstrating that the AGN has a profound effect on its immediate surroundings. The coolest X-ray emitting gas in M87 has a temperature of ~0.5 keV and is spatially coincident with Hα+[N II] nebulae, forming a multi-phase medium where the cooler gas phases are arranged in magnetized filaments. We place strong upper limits of 0.06 M ⊙ yr -1 (at 95 per cent confidence) on the amount of plasma cooling radiatively from 0.5 to 0.25 keV and show that a uniform, volume-averaged heating mechanism could not be preventing the cool gas from further cooling. All of the bright Hα filaments in M87 appear in the downstream region of the <3 Myr old shock front, at smaller radii than ~0.6 arcmin. We suggest that shocks induce shearing around the filaments, thereby promoting mixing of the cold gas with the ambient hot intra-cluster medium (ICM) via instabilities. By bringing hot thermal particles into contact with the cool, line-emitting gas, mixing can supply the power and ionizing particles needed to explain the observed optical spectra. Furthermore, mixing of the coolest X-ray emitting plasma with the cold optical line-emitting filamentary gas promotes efficient conduction between the two phases, allowing non-radiative cooling which could explain the lack of X-ray gas with temperatures under 0.5 keV.
Knee Cartilage Change within 5 Years after Aclr Using Hamstring Tendons with Preserved Tibial-Insertion: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract Background: Comparing to anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions (ACLR) with free hamstring tendon (FHT), ACLR with preserved tibial-insertion hamstring tendon (HT-PTI) could ensure the blood supply of the graft and avoid graft necrosis. Yet, whether HT-PTI could protect the cartilage and clinical outcomes in mid-long period after ACLR was still unclear. Purpose: To compare the cartilage change and clinical results between the HT-PTI and FHT in 5 years after ACLR. Study design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 45 patients who underwent isolated ACLR with the autograft of hamstring tendons were enrolled and randomized into 2 groups. The study group undertook ACLR with HT-PTI, whereas the control group had FHT. At pre-operation, and 6, 12, 24, and 60 months post-operation, all cases underwent evaluation with Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and MR examination. The knee cartilage was divided into 8 sub-regions of which the T2 value and cartilage volume on MRI were measured and documented. The data of two groups were compared and their correlations were analyzed. Results: A total of 18 patients in the HT-PTI group and 19 patients in the FHT group completed the follow-up. The KOOS scores were improved at each follow-up time point (p < 0.001), reached the most superior at 12 months and maintained until 60 months but had no significant difference between the two groups. At 60 months, the cartilage in most subregions in FHT group had higher T2 values than those of pre-operation (p < 0.05) and also higher than HT-PTI group; The cartilage volume changes (CV%) are positive at 6 months and negative from 12 to 60 months in the FHT group, while being negative at all time points in the HT-PTI group. The values of absolute CV% in most subregions in FHT group were significantly higher than those in the HT-PTI group at 6 and 60 months (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The improvement of KOOS score peaked at 12 months in all cases and had no difference between the two groups. The cartilage in the FHT group had more volume loss, earlier and wider damage than that in the HT-PTI group within 5 years. No significant correlation was found among KOOS score, CV%, and T2 value.
Virtual Model-Based Trajectory Optimization Algorithm for Aliquoting Robotic System

: This work is devoted to the optimization of the trajectory of a robotic system for aliquoting biosamples, consisting of serial and parallel manipulators. Optimization consists of two stages. At the ﬁrst stage, optimization constraints associated with the workspace, taking into account the ranges of permissible values of the angles of the drive rotational joints, the link interference and singularities. The workspace in the space of input and output coordinates is represented as a partially ordered set of integers. At the second stage, restrictions are formed related to the objects that are in the workspace during the aliquoting process, such as the body of the robotic system, test tubes and racks. The condition for excluding collisions of the manipulator with other objects is provided by geometric decomposition of objects and exclusion of areas corresponding to external objects from the set describing the workspace of the manipulator. Optimization is performed in the space of input coordinates. The objective function is proportional to the duration of movement along the trajectory. The possibility of evolutionary algorithms application for solving this problem is analyzed. An assessment of their performance is given. Optimization and export of the resulting trajectory are implemented in software, which allows you to verify the optimization results on a virtual model. The simulation results are presented.
Vector quarkonium in decays of heavy Higgs particles

The standard model of the electroweak interactions and the nonrelativistic potential model of quarkonium are used to calculate the partial widths of the two-particle decays of the heavy Higgs boson involving production of the vector quarkonium state V = J/psi, UPSILON, T. The branching ratios of the decays H/sup 0/. -->. V.gamma. , H/sup 0/. -->. VZ/sup 0/, H/sup 0/. -->. VV, and H/sup 0/. -->. V/sub 1/V/sub 2/ are given as functions of the mass of the Higgs boson.
Theory of superconductivity in a three-orbital model of Sr2RuO4

In conventional and high transition temperature copper oxide and iron pnictide superconductors, the Cooper pairs all have even parity. As a rare exception, Sr2RuO4 is the first prime candidate for topological chiral p-wave superconductivity, which has time-reversal breaking odd-parity Cooper pairs known to exist before only in the neutral superfluid 3He. However, there are several key unresolved issues hampering the microscopic description of the unconventional superconductivity. Spin fluctuations at both large and small wave vectors are present in experiments, but how they arise and drive superconductivity is not yet clear. Spontaneous edge current is expected but not observed conclusively. Specific experiments point to highly band- and/or momentum-dependent energy gaps for quasiparticle excitations in the superconducting state. Here, by comprehensive functional renormalization group calculations with all relevant bands, we disentangle the various competing possibilities. In particular, we show the small wave vector spin fluctuations, driven by a single two-dimensional band, trigger p-wave superconductivity with quasi-nodal energy gaps.
Models of language evolution: does the math add up?

The last two decades have seen an explosion of interest in mathematical and computational models of language evolution. Formal modelling is seen by increasingly many in the field as an approach that ensures internal consistency of evolutionary scenarios. However, there has been little attention to the question of how well the many different models fit together. Are they consistent with and complementary to each other? Is there a series of models that really covers the evolutionary emergence of modern language from a prelinguistic, ancestral state? Are the assumptions that go into a particular model, if not (yet) supported by empirical findings, made plausible by results from other models? In this paper, we argue that these problems deserve much more attention than they currently receive. For sustaining the success of modelling approaches in language evolution research, it is crucial that models start living up to their promise: modellers must make explicit how their models fit in with other work in complete scenarios on the origins of language(s), and how their modelling results affect judgments of plausibility of one scenario against another. Moreover, they must do so based on careful consideration of other work, without overstating their results and misusing the prestige that comes with mathematical approaches. Our arguments are based on a particular view on the role of modelling in scientific research in general, and in “historical” research fields with a paucity of direct evidence in particular. In section 2, we will therefore start with some considerations about the methodology of modelling in our field. To ground the discussion, however, we will quickly move to concrete examples. In section 3 we will discuss the contributions and shortcomings of models of the evolution of speech. In section 4 we will then draw some general lessons from this case study, and sketch an agenda for future research in the language evolution modelling field at large.
On fractional state-dependent delay integro-differential systems under the Mittag-Leffler kernel in Banach space

The existence of Atangana-Baleanu fractional-order semilinear integro-differential systems and semilinear neutral integro-differential systems with state-dependent delay in Banach spaces is investigated in this paper. We establish the existence findings by using Monch's fixed point theorem and the concept of measures of non-compactness. A functioning example is provided at the end in order to illustrate the findings reached from the theoretical study.
Prevalence and Predictors of Complementary Feeding Practices Among Children Aged 6-23 Months in Indonesia

Objectives: Poor complementary feeding practices have consistently contributed to the burden of child undernutrition in Indonesia. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and predictors of the time of the introduction of solid, semi-solid, and soft foods (ISSSF), minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD). Methods: We analyzed 4804 last-born infants aged 6-23 months from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey, which employed multistage cluster random sampling. The outcomes were calculated based on the 2021 World Health Organization/United Nations Children’s Fund guidelines. The predictors of the 4 complementary feeding indicators were assessed using multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance adjusting for potential confounders and study design. Results: The prevalence of ISSSF, MDD, MMF, and MAD was 86.1%, 54.3%, 71.8%, and 37.6%, respectively, with younger children less likely to meet 3 out of the 4 outcomes. Parental education, the presence of a birth attendant, and maternal media consumption were among the predictors of MDD and MAD. Children from families with higher income were more likely to meet MDD than those from low-income households (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 1.28). Living in an urban area was positively associated with MMF (aPR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.15) and MAD (aPR, 1.12; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.24). In eastern regions, the prevalence of children achieving MDD and MAD was lower than in those living in Java and Bali. Conclusions: It is crucial that more attention and efforts are made to improve the recommended practices throughout Indonesia, since the prevalence of adequate complementary feeding practices remains low.
Supernovae of type I as end products of the evolution of binaries with components of moderate initial mass (M< or approx. =9 M/sub sun/)

Analysis of the theory of evolution of low- and intermediate-mass binaries allows us to select promising scenarios that lead to presupernova systems consisting of an accreting electron-degenerate dwarf (made primarily either of oxygen, neon, and magnesium, of carbon and oxygen, or of helium) and a low-mass (Mroughly-equalM/sub sun/) star supplying hydrogen-rich matter at rates in the range approx.10/sup -9/-10/sup -6/ M/sub sun/ yr/sup -1/ or a heavy disk composed of helium or of C and O supplying matter at an as yet undetermined rate. Some of these scenarios have an estimated frequency of realization comparable with the observed frequency (approx.10/sup -2/ yr/sup -1/) of Type I supernovae (SNeI), but it is as yet impossible to identify conclusively a single one as the most likely explanation of the SNI pheomenon and to reject all other possibilities. It is therefore not excluded that SNeI are a mixture of products of different scenarios. Estimates of formation frequency are very preliminary, since some of them are strongly dependent on the distribution of unevolved binaries over the initial mass ratio q/sub 0/, especially for q/sub 0/roughly-equal0.1--0.3, and most of them require knowledge of the processes that occur during a common envelope stage, the understanding ofmore » which is still very rudimentary. « less
Geometric Nonlinear Functional Analysis

Introduction Retractions, extensions and selections Retractions, extensions and selections (special topics) Fixed points Differentiation of convex functions The Radon-Nikodym property Negligible sets and Gateaux differentiability Lipschitz classification of Banach spaces Uniform embeddings into Hilbert space Uniform classification of spheres Uniform classification of Banach spaces Nonlinear quotient maps Oscillation of uniformly continuous functions on unit spheres of finite-dimensional subspaces Oscillation of uniformly continuous functions on unit spheres of infinite-dimensional subspaces Perturbations of local isometries Perturbations of global isometries Twisted sums Group structure on Banach spaces Appendices Bibliography Index.
Determinants of entrepreneurial success: A comparative analysis of farm and non-farm sectors

Entrepreneurship development has become the centre of many emerging economies as it is believed that entrepreneurship contributes significantly to economic growth. Quite a good number of researches have been done on factors that determine entrepreneurial success. However, the farm sector has been neglected for far too long. Present study, looked at a comparative analysis of farm and non-farm sectors in Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) and Rural Development and Self Employment Training Institute (RUDSETI) to determine the factors that predict entrepreneurial success. A semi-structured interview schedule was used in 2019 to solicit information on sociodemographic and entrepreneurial characteristics from respondents. Entrepreneurs were categorized into successful and non-successful based on turnover, income and number of employees. Discriminant function analysis was used to predict the determinants of success in both farm and non-farm sectors. Results revealed that in the farm sector, four determinants of entrepreneurial success were family size, land size, turnover and annual income whereas in the non-farm sectors five determinants of entrepreneurial success were long term involvement, initiative, number of employees, entrepreneurial experience and annual income. Chi-square showed no significant difference in the success rate between farm and non-farm entrepreneurs. Policies to create the enabling environment to address access to market, market information and credit should be put in place for higher success rate of potential entrepreneurs.
Lyman break and UV-selected galaxies at z ~ 1: II. PACS-100um/160um FIR detections

We report the PACS-100um/160um detections of a sample of 42 GALEX-selected and FIR-detected Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) at z ~ 1 located in the COSMOS field and analyze their ultra-violet (UV) to far-infrared (FIR) properties. The detection of these LBGs in the FIR indicates that they have a dust content high enough so that its emission can be directly detected. According to a spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting with stellar population templates to their UV-to-near-IR observed photometry, PACS-detected LBGs tend to be bigger, more massive, dustier, redder in the UV continuum, and UV-brighter than PACS-undetected LBGs. PACS-detected LBGs at z ~ 1 are mostly disk-like galaxies and are located over the green-valley and red sequence of the color-magnitude diagram of galaxies at their redshift. By using their UV and IR emission, we find that PACS-detected LBGs tend to be less dusty and have slightly higher total star-formation rates (SFRs) than other PACS-detected UV-selected galaxies within their same redshift range. As a consequence of the selection effect due to the depth of the FIR observations employed, all our PACS-detected LBGs are LIRGs. However, none of them are in the ULIRG regime, where the FIR observations are complete. The finding of ULIRGs-LBGs at higher redshifts suggests an evolution of the FIR emission of LBGs with cosmic time. In an IRX-$\beta$ diagram, PACS-detected LBGs at z ~ 1 tend to be located around the relation for local starburst similarly to other UV-selected PACS-detected galaxies at their same redshift. Consequently, the dust-correction factors obtained with their UV continuum slope allow to determine their total SFR, unlike at higher redshifts. However, the dust attenuation derived from UV to NIR SED fitting overestimates the total SFR for most of our PACS-detected LBGs in age-dependent way: the overestimation factor is higher in younger galaxies.
JET QUENCHING AT LHC

We review up-to-date results on high-pt particles and jets in heavy ion collisions by three major LHC experiments, ALICE, ATLAS, and CMS. Results of analyses of 2010 and 2011 Pb+Pb data at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76$ TeV are discussed. We concentrate mainly on results by fully reconstructed jets and discuss similarities and important differences in measurements among experiments. We point to the importance of understanding the results in a view of difference between quark-initiated and gluon-initiated jets
Naked shell singularities on the brane

By utilizing nonstandard slicings of 5-dimensional Schwarzschild and Schwarzschild-AdS manifolds based on isotropic coordinates, we generate static and spherically-symmetric braneworld spacetimes containing shell-like naked null singularities. For planar slicings, we find that the brane-matter sourcing the solution is a perfect fluid with an exotic equation of state and a pressure singularity where the brane crosses the bulk horizon. From a relativistic point of view, such a singularity is required to maintain matter infinitesimally above the surface of a black hole. From the point of view of the AdS/CFT conjecture, the singular horizon can be seen as one possible quantum correction to a classical black hole geometry. Various generalizations of planar slicings are also considered for a Ricci-flat bulk, and we find that singular horizons and exotic matter distributions are common features.
Spin representations and centralizer algebras for the Spinor groups

We pursue an analogy of the Schur-Weyl reciprocity for the spinor groups and pick up the irreducible spin representations in the tensor space $\Delta \textstyle{\bigotimes \bigotimes^k V}$. Here $\Delta$ is the fundamental representation of $Pin(N)$ and $V$ is the natural (vector) representation of the orthogonal group O(N). We consider the centralizer algebra $\mathbf{CP_k} = Pin(N)(\Delta \textstyle{\bigotimes \bigotimes^k V})$ for $Pin(N)$, the double covering group of O(N) and define two kinds of linear basis in $\mathbf{CP_k}$ (one comes from invariant theory and the other from representation theory), both of which are parameterized by the 'generalized Brauer diagrams'. We develop analogous argument to the original Brauer centralizer algebra for O(N) and determine the transformation matrices between the above two basis and give the multiplication rules of those basis. Finally we define the subspaces in $\Delta \textstyle{\bigotimes \bigotimes^k V}$, on which the symmetric group $\frak{S}_k$ and $Pin(N)$ or $Spin(N)$ act as a dual pair.
Glueballs and the pomeron

Glueballs are considered to be bound states of constituent gluons. The relativistic wave equation for two massive gluons interacting by the funnel-type potential is analyzed. Using two exact asymptotic solutions of the equation, we derive an interpolating mass formula and calculate glueball masses in agreement with the lattice data. We obtain the complex non-linear Pomeron trajectory, αP(t), in the whole region of t. The real part of the trajectory corresponds to the soft pomeron, parameters of which are found from the fit of recent HERA data.