Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 0.05 mm², 350 mV, 14 nW Fully-Integrated Temperature Sensor in 180-nm CMOS

In this brief, we present a fully-integrated ring-oscillator based CMOS temperature sensor for Internet-of-Things. Our design relies on a low-complexity PMOS-based sensing circuit to convert temperature into two sub-threshold biasing currents. These are then used to define two oscillation frequencies, whose ratio increases linearly with the temperature. Change in the frequency ratio is finally translated into a digital output code. The proposed sensor was fabricated in 180-nm CMOS technology. When powered at 350 mV, it can achieve an energy/conversion of 0.46 nJ in a conversion time of 33 ms. Moreover, it exhibits a measurement resolution of 0.27°C and a resolution figure-of-merit as low as $0.034~{\mathrm{ nJ}}^\circ {\mathrm{ C}}^{2}$ .
Implant Fracture: A Narrative Literature Review

Implants fracture is a rare but possible complication that leads to implants failure after prostheses delivery. Mechanical properties play a key role in the failure of dental implant systems. The aim of this narrative review was to evaluate the existing evidence in identifying etiology risk factors for implants fracture. The focused question was to evaluate whether there was any possible factors influencing the fracture of dental implants. A literature search of papers written in English, published from 1967 to July 2021, and reporting incidence of implants fracture in human with at least 15 participants (and one year of follow-up) was conducted using PubMed database including MeSH and free text terms and filters. Selected manuscripts were analyzed and discussed. The outcomes were the incidence of implants failure due to a fracture and the associated risk factors. A total of 96 articles were initially selected, but only eight articles were included according to the search criteria (two systematic reviews and six retrospective evaluation). Incidence of implants fracture ranged from 0.2 to 2.3%, with a mean value of 0.52%. Poor implant planning, including implant design and diameter, and occlusal overloading, were the most common variables associated with implants fracture. Implant removal is the only possible treatment and hence prevention, including stability of the marginal bone loss, is mandatory.
Mg and La co-doped ZnNi spinel ferrites for low resistive applications

Mg and La co-doped ZnNi spinel ferrites were synthesized to investigate the structural, optical and electrical properties using XRD, EDS, FESEM, FTIR, UV–vis and I-V characterization techniques. Formation of spinel cubic structure of ferrite nanoparticles was confirmed by XRD analysis. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy ratified the presence of expected elements in each composition. Surface morphology exhibits the formation of nanoparticles in all compositions. FTIR spectra obtained for further supportive information about phase identification and metal oxide group. Optical properties were investigated using UV–vis spectrophotometry reveals decrease in band gap with addition of Mg2+ content which also in accordance with electrical resistivity measurements. It is inferred that ZnNi ferrites with La and Mg content can be used for low resistive ferrite applications.
Global Value Chains and the transmission of exchange rate shocks to consumer prices

Following the 2008 financial crisis, inflation rates in advanced economies have been at odds with the prediction of a standard Phillips curve. This puzzle has triggered a debate on the global determinants of domestic prices. We contribute to this debate by investigating the impact of exchange rate shocks on consumer prices from 1995 to 2018. We focus on cost-push inflation through global value chains, using three sectoral world input-output datasets. Depending on countries, the absolute value of the elasticity of the household consumption expenditure (HCE hereafter) deflator to the exchange rate ranges from 0.05 to 0.35, confirming the importance of global value chains in channelling external shocks to domestic inflation. Using data from WIOD on a sample of 43 countries, we find that the mean output-weighted elasticity of the HCE deflator to the exchange rate increased in absolute value from 0.075 in 2000 to 0.094 in 2008. After peaking in 2008, it declined to 0.088 in 2014. World Input-Output tables (WIOT hereafter) are released with a lag of several years and the latest WIOT dates back to 2015. To fill this gap, we approximate the impact of an exchange rate shock on the HCE deflator from 2016 onwards using up-todate GDP and trade data. Our extrapolations suggest that the decline in the elasticity of the HCE deflator continued until 2016, before reversing in 2017 and 2018. Our findings are robust to using three different datasets.
Study of Pb ion adsorption on (n, 0) CNTs (n=4, 5, 6)

Abstract Absorption of Pb ion on the (n, 0) carbon nanotube (CNT) (n=4, 5, 6) surface, pure and defected with single vacancy, is investigated based on density functional theory. Pristine (n, 0) CNTs can produce a certain degree of chemical adsorption of Pb ion. While a single vacancy is introduced, the adsorption ability of CNTs for Pb ion increases greatly, and the band gap changes significantly before and after adsorption. SV-(6, 0) CNTs have the strongest adsorption ability, and SV-(5, 0) CNTs are the potential material for the Pb ion detection sensor. It is expected that these could be helpful to the design of Pb filters and sensors.
User Selection Approach in Multiantenna Beamforming NOMA Video Communication Systems

For symmetric non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)/multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, radio resource allocation is an important research problem. The optimal solution is of high computational complexity. Thus, one existing solution Kim et al. proposed is a suboptimal user selection and optimal power assignment for total data rate maximization. Another existing solution Tseng et al. proposed is different suboptimal user grouping and optimal power assignment for sum video distortion minimization. However, the performance of sub-optimal schemes by Kim et al. and Tseng et al. is still much lower than the optimal user grouping scheme. To approach the optimal scheme and outperform the existing sub-optimal schemes, a deep neural network (DNN) based approach, using the results from the optimal user selection (exhaustive search) as the training data, and a loss function modification specific for NOMA user selection to meet the constraint that a user cannot be in both the strong and weak set, and avoid the post processing online computational complexity, are proposed. The simulation results show that the theoretical peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the proposed scheme is higher than the state-of-the-art suboptimal schemes Kim et al. and Tseng et al. by 0.7~2.3 dB and is only 0.4 dB less than the optimal scheme at lower online computational complexity. The online computational complexity (testing stage) of the proposed DNN user selection scheme is 60 times less than the optimal user selection scheme. The proposed DNN-based scheme outperforms the existing suboptimal solution, and slightly underperforms the optimal scheme (exhaustive search) at a much lower computation complexity.
New Insights into Bone Loss in RA

Abstract The negative impact of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on bone mineral density is well characterized. Notably, articular bone erosion is a central feature of RA, leading to joint damage and disabilities. In addition, the axial and appendicular skeleton can be affected, which secondly manifests in bone fracture. The main trigger of RA-associated bone loss is excessive bone degradation by osteoclasts and impaired bone formation by osteoblasts. In particular, the inflammatory status, reflected by high level of proinflammatory cytokines, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), and autoantibodies induces the formation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Today, antirheumatic therapy effectively hampers synovial inflammation and bone erosion. However, current medication is unable to repair established bone lesions. This review outlines the knowledge gained about the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis and the molecular mechanisms that promote osteoclast-mediated bone erosion and inhibit osteoblast-related bone formation, pointing out possible new intervention for inflammatory bone disease.
Recovery potential of cavitation-induced injured cells of common spore-forming bacteria in skim milk exposed to ultrasonication

Graphical Abstract Summary: The dairy industry is looking for new techniques to reduce spore-forming organisms that may be present in milk and cause spoilage in milk and its products. Biofilm is the most common source of cross-contamination in dairy manufacturing plants. Ultrasonication is a nonthermal technique that can inactivate spore formers and lower counts of organisms that form biofilm. Ultrasonication induces sound waves above the frequency of human hearing. The sound waves generate thousands of bubbles that quickly collapse, leading to disintegration of the bubbles into small fractions and cause an increase in temperature. Ultrasonication may inactivate or injure spore formers during this process but injured cells can repair themselves within a short time. Our results support the hypothesis that cavitated spore formers can recover and form biofilms.
Towards a theory of critical energy literacy: the Youth Strike for Climate, renewable energy and beyond

Abstract The Youth Strike for Climate raised important global attention to interconnected climate, energy and environmental issues — it also compelled us to consider what we will do to address these pressing challenges. Developed through consideration of such dynamics, we propose critical energy literacy as an emerging theory that denotes understanding of the social, environmental, political and economic challenges, benefits and impacts of various energy sources, developments and technologies. Critical energy literacy is grounded in critical and decolonising approaches to STEM education; considerations for collaborative multi-, inter- and Trans disciplinary pedagogy; critical place-based inquiry and pedagogy; critical gender perspectives and critical media literacy and engagement. Enhancing societal critical energy literacy will assist with more equitable energy, transit, construction and environmental planning by and for communities, businesses and governments. In this theory-building commentary, we share insights related to and principles for our emerging theory of critical energy literacy which coalesced through personal experience with and previous studies into related initiatives and areas of inquiry, and recent reviews of literature as well as K-12, post-secondary and not-for-profit curricula in Canada with consideration for international contexts. A discussion of renewable energy development and education focused on the Canadian province of Alberta is presented as an illuminating exemplar.
Surface Engineering Protocol To Obtain an Atomically Dispersed Pt/CeO2 Catalyst with High Activity and Stability for CO Oxidation

Atomically dispersed metal catalysts often exhibit superior performance compared to that of nanoparticle catalysts in many catalysis processes. However, these so-called “single-atom” catalysts have a consistently low loading density on the support surface and easily aggregate at high temperatures, hindering their practical application. Herein, we demonstrate a facile surface engineering protocol using molecule–surface charge transfer adducts to fabricate highly stable noble metal catalysts with atomic dispersion, using a Pt/CeO2 catalyst as an example. The key of this approach is the generation of an adequate amount of Ce3+ defective sites on the porous CeO2 surface through the adsorption of reductive ascorbic acid molecules and a subsequent surface charge transfer process. Subsequently, noble metal Pt atoms can be well-dispersedly anchored onto the generated Ce3+ sites of porous CeO2 nanorods with a loading density of up to 1.0 wt %. The as-prepared highly dispersed Pt/CeO2 catalyst showed outstanding ca.
Wireless IoT Technologies

This chapter focuses on the most relevant wireless Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for the Smart Grid. Multiple sets of wireless IoT technologies coexist today because of the broad range and diversity of communications requirements associated with current and emerging IoT applications. Three dimensions are commonly used to compare the scope of wireless IoT technologies: communications range, achievable data rate, and type of spectrum used. IEEE 802.15. 4 is a technical standard for Low‐Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks. Low‐Power Wide Area Network technologies in unlicensed spectrum primarily target IoT use cases that are delay tolerant, do not need high data rates, and typically require very low power consumption and cost on the device side. Several industrial alliances and standardization organizations are promoting the use of IP‐based frameworks and open protocols to connect and managing smart objects and devices. On the management side, there are also several protocols suitable for the management of heterogeneous, resource‐constrained devices.
Remote Control of Intracellular Calcium Using Upconversion Nanotransducers Regulates Stem Cell Differentiation In Vivo

Remote control of stem cell differentiation in vivo by stimuli‐responsive nanomaterials with the use of tissue‐penetrative stimuli is an appealing strategy for versatile regulation in stem cell therapy. In this study, an upconversion nanotransducer (UCNT)‐based nanocomplex with photolabile caging of chondro‐inductive kartogenin (KGN) and/or either calcium chelator or calcium supplier (caged calcium), and subsequent coupling of integrin‐binding ligand via cyclodextrin‐adamantine supramolecular complexation is utilized. Near‐infrared (NIR)‐to‐ultraviolet light conversion by UCNT nanocomplex triggered intracellular photo‐uncaging and release of cargo molecules, thereby allowing direct regulation of real‐time intracellular calcium levels. While intracellular KGN delivery led to the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into hypertrophic chondrocytes, NIR‐regulated intracellular calcium decrease and KGN delivery induced their differentiation into chondrocytes by inhibiting hypertrophy. Conversely, intracellular calcium increase and KGN delivery promoted the differentiation of hMSCs into osteoblasts via endochondral pathway. To the best of knowledge, this is the first demonstration of utilizing NIR‐controllable nanomaterials for regulating stem cell differentiation by controlling intracellular calcium, both in vitro and in vivo. This versatile control can facilitate the translation of stem cells to remotely controlled treatment of diseases in composite tissues involving various cell types.
Spatio-temporal analysis and simulation of land cover changes and their impacts on land surface temperature in urban agglomeration of Bisha Watershed, Saudi Arabia

Abstract The present study investigates the spatiotemporal pattern of Land Use land cover (LULC) and land surface temperature (LST) in Abha for the years 1990, 2000, and 2018. This research also forecasts the future LULC and LST for the year 2028. The support vector machine (SVM) was utilised to classify the LULC for the periods 1990-. The LST for the same period was derived using the mono window algorithm. The artificial neural network-cellular automata model (ANN-CA) was employed to forecast LULC and LST for the year 2028. The results indicated that urban areas rose by 434.6% between 1990 and 2018, while the LST soared to 50 °C in 2018, covering half of the study area. The built-up area, as well as the high LST zone, will be expanded in 2028. As a result, sustainable management strategies should be implemented to limit uncontrolled urban sprawl and LST.
Photovoltaic Effect in Indium(I) Iodide Thin Films

Halide semiconductors are undergoing a period of intense interest, buoyed by the outstanding optoelectronic properties of hybrid perovskites. It is worthwhile to consider whether related materials sharing unique aspects of the perovskite chemistry, such as the incorporation of metals that provide lone pair s electrons when integrated within the halide lattice, might yield semiconductors with comparable properties. One such metal that has not been widely studied in the context of photovoltaics is monovalent indium. In this work, we investigate a method of depositing films of indium(I) iodide, coupled with optoelectronic characterization and incorporation of these films into thin-film solar cells. We find that, although indium(I) iodide exhibits a photovoltaic effect, it is likely to be compromised by difficult-to-remove defects, e.g., iodine vacancies, which are expected to introduce recombination centers deep within the band gap.
Clinical Influence of Triple Omega Fatty Acids (Omega-3, 6, 9)

Fatty acids play bio vital role in biological life, one of the most important fatty acid triple omega. These fatty acids are un saturation fatty acids, two from them are essential where the body cannot able to synthesis them (omega 3, and 6), while the other is essential fatty acid the body can synthesis it but this need adequate amount from omega 3, and 6. Each type of omega fatty acids has own chemical structure, sources, and functions. Triple omega play essential role in protect the human body from heart attack. It is very necessary to make balance between triple omega dose, the high level lead to deposition of fats in the body, and this lead to several healthy problem.
Repeating Nontectonic Seasonal Stress Changes and a Possible Triggering Mechanism of the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence in California

Here we characterize the 13‐year history of nontectonic horizontal strain anomalies across the regions surrounding Ridgecrest, CA, using cGPS data from January 2007. This time‐dependent model reveals a seasonality in the nontectonic strain anomalies and the associated Coulomb stress changes of ∼±0.5–2 kPa. In the area surrounding the epicenters of the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence of July, we find that the seasonal preseismic Coulomb stress changes peaked every early summer (May and June) during the last 13 years including during June 2019, a month prior to the large events. In addition, our statistical tests confirm that more strike‐slip earthquakes (Mw ≥ 2) occur during times when seasonal stress changes are increasing on right‐lateral faults in comparison with times when stresses are decreasing. These results suggest that the timing of the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes may have been modulated by nontectonic seasonal stress changes. The dynamic source of the seasonal nontectonic strain/stress anomalies, however, remains enigmatic. We discuss a possible combination of driving forces that may be attributable for the seasonal variations in nontectonic strain/stress anomalies, which captured in cGPS measurements.
Pretty (and) invasive: The potential global distribution of Tithonia diversifolia under current and future climates

Abstract Mexican sunflower [Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray] is an invasive plant, native to the New World, and an exemplary conflict species. It has been planted widely for its ornamental and soil fertility enhancement qualities and has become a notorious environmental weed in introduced habitats. Here we use a bioclimatic niche model (CLIMEX) to estimate the potential global distribution of this invasive plant under historical climatic conditions. We apply a future climate scenario to the model to assess the sensitivity of the modeled potential geographic range to expected climate changes to 2050. Under current climatic conditions, there is potential for substantial range expansion into southern Europe with moderate climate suitability, and in southern China with highly suitable climates. Under the near-term future climate scenario, there is potential for poleward range expansion in the order of 200 to 500 km. In the tropics, climatic conditions are likely to become less favorable due to the increasing frequency of supra-optimal temperatures. In areas experiencing Mediterranean or warm temperate climates, the suitability for T. diversifolia appears set to increase as temperatures warm. There are vast areas in North America, Europe, and Asia (particularly China and India) that can support ephemeral populations of T. diversifolia. One means of enjoying the aesthetic benefits of T. diversifolia in gardens while avoiding the unwanted environmental impacts where it invades is to prevent its spread into areas climatically suitable for establishment and only allow it to be propagated in areas where it cannot persist naturally.
Morphological controls on Hortonian surface runoff: An interpretation of steady-state energy patterns, maximum power states and dissipation regimes within a thermodynamic framework

Abstract. Recent developments in hydrology have led to a new perspective on runoff processes, extending beyond the classical mass dynamics of water in a catchment. For instance, stream flow has been analysed in a thermodynamic framework, which allows the incorporation of two additional physical laws and enhances our understanding of catchments as open environmental systems. Related investigations suggested that energetic extremal principles might constrain hydrological processes, because the latter are associated with conversions and dissipation of free energy. Here we expand this thermodynamic perspective by exploring how hillslope structures at the macro- and microscale control the free energy balance of Hortonian overland flow. We put special emphasis on the transitions of surface runoff processes at the hillslope scale, as hillslopes energetically behave distinctly different in comparison to fluvial systems. To this end, we develop a general theory of surface runoff and of the related conversion of geopotential energy gradients into other forms of energy, particularly kinetic energy as the driver of erosion and sediment transport. We then use this framework at a macroscopic scale to analyse how combinations of typical hillslopes profiles and width distributions control the spatial patterns of steady-state stream power and energy dissipation along the flow path. At the microscale, we analyse flow concentration in rills and its influence on the distribution of energy and dissipation in space. Therefore, we develop a new numerical method for the Catflow model, which allows a dynamical separation of Hortonian surface runoff between a rill- and a sheet flow domain. We calibrated the new Catflow-Rill model to rainfall simulation experiments and observed overland flow in the Weiherbach catchment and found evidence that flow accumulation in rills serves as a means to redistribute energy gradients in space, therefore minimizing energy expenditure along the flow path, while also maximizing overall power of the system. Our results indicate that laminar sheet flow and turbulent rill flow on hillslopes develop to a dynamic equilibrium that corresponds to a maximum power state, and that the transition of flow from one domain into the other is marked by an energy maximum in space.
A simplified adaptive tracking control for nonlinear pure‐feedback systems with input delay and full‐state constraints

This article investigated the adaptive backstepping tracking control for a class of pure‐feedback systems with input delay and full‐state constraints. With the help of mean value theorem, the system is transformed into strict‐feedback one. By introducing the Pade approximation method, the effect of input delay was compensated. Radial basis function neural networks are utilized to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions. Furthermore, in order to reduce the computational burden by introducing backstepping design technique, dynamic surface control technique was employed. In addition, the number of the adaptive parameters that should be updated online was also reduced. By utilizing the barrier Lyapunov function, the closed‐loop nonlinear system is guaranteed to be semi‐globally ultimately uniformly bounded. Finally, a numerical simulation example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.