Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Singular stochastic control and optimal stopping with partial information of Itô – Lévy processes

We study partial information, possibly non-Markovian, singular stochastic control of Itô–Lévy processes and obtain general maximum principles. The results are used to find connections between singular stochastic control, reflected BSDEs and optimal stopping in the partial information case. As an application we give an explicit solution to a class of optimal stopping problems with finite horizon and partial information. Key-words: Singular stochastic control, maximum principles, reflected BSDEs, optimal stopping, partial information, Itô–Lévy processes, jump diffusions. ∗ Center of Mathematics for Applications (CMA), Dept. of Mathematics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1053 Blindern, N–0316 Oslo, email: oksendal@math.uio. no and Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration (NHH), Helleveien 30, N–5045 Bergen, Norway; partially supported by Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Singapore. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) / ERC grant agreement no [228087]. † INRIA Paris-Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, Le Chesnay Cedex, 78153, France, email: agnes.sulem@inria.fr in ria -0 06 14 27 9, v er si on 1 10 A ug 2 01 1 Contrôle stochastique singulier de processus d’Itô–Lévy et problème d’arrêt optimal en observation partielle Résumé : On démontre des principes du maximum stochastiques pour des problèmes de contrôle stochastique singulier de processus d’Itô–Lévy dans le cas non Markovien et en observation partielle. Ces résultats sont utilisés pour établir des relations avec des équations différentielles stochastiques rétrogrades réfléchies et des problèmes d’arrêt optimal. Des résultats explicites sont obtenus sur des exemples. Mots-clés : Contrôle stochastique singulier, principes du maximum, équations différentielles stochastiques rétrogrades réfléchies, arrêt optimal, information partielle, processus d’Itô–Lévy, diffusion avec saut. in ria -0 06 14 27 9, v er si on 1 10 A ug 2 01 1 Singular stochastic control and optimal stopping with partial information of Itô–Lévy processes3
Open quarry monitoring using gap-filled LANDSAT 7 ETM SLC-OFF imagery

Open quarries are at the same time a necessity but also a source of pollution. Necessity as they supply the necessary fuel for energy production and source of pollution as they affect biodiversity, vegetation cover and threaten water resources. The objective of this work is to indicate a monitoring methodology using Landsat ETM SLC off imagery. On May 31, 2003, the Scan Line Corrector (SLC), which compensates for the forward motion of Landsat 7, failed. Without an operating SLC, the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) line of sight now traces a zig-zag pattern along the satellite ground track. As a result, imaged area is duplicated, with width that increases towards the scene edge. An estimated twenty-two percent of any given scene is lost because of the SLC failure. The maximum width of the data gaps along the edge of the image would be equivalent to one full scan line, or approximately 390 to 450 meters. The precise location of the missing scan lines will vary from scene to scene. In this study a gap filling technique for Landsat ETM SLC off imagery is evaluated. Different Landsat 7 ETM+ images SLC off were restored and then compared to historical data and data from other sensors. The restored images have been used in order to monitor the expansion of an open quarry in western Peloponnese and the results are presented.
Yearly Extraction of Central America's Land Cover for Carbon Flux Monitoring

Ideal remote sensor land cover extraction for national to regional carbon flux monitoring constitutes highly accurate change detection on an annual basis, a challenge magnified in the cloud-occluded tropics. Focusing on seven Central American countries from Belize to Panama, this study tested the feasibility of yearly land cover extraction from MODIS surface reflectance composites, ancillary land cover maps, and country-produced reference polygons. GIS models were created to automate the country-specific process of generating annual input tables for a greenhouse gas inventory tool. MODIS-favorable results in a six-category schema suggest that improvements may depend on international reference data warehousing and interoperability.
Heterogeneity of deep subsurface microorganisms and correlations to hydrogeological and geochemical parameters

Nineteen samples were obtained from a 21‐m3 section of zeolitized volcanic ash‐fall tuff, 390 m below the surface of Rainier Mesa, Nevada. Rock mined aseptically from the walls of deep subsurface tunnels provided pristine samples for microbiological and geochemical analyses. Microbiological parameters measured on all samples included direct counts and the abundance, diversity, morphology, and metabolic traits of culturable organisms. Physical and chemical parameters measured included ionic and nutrient chemistries, mineralogy, porosity, moisture content, and permeability. The results indicate that the culturable microbiological community size and composition exhibit random spatial variability within the geologically/geochemically homogeneous rock section. The relative abundance of microorganisms testing positive for nitrate reductase demonstrated a spatial trend along the vertical and front‐to‐back axes of the rock section by gradient analysis. The porewater concentration of nitrate correlated with number.
A Sensitivity Analysis of ANN Pedotransfer Functions for spatial modeling of Soil Cation Exchange Capacity

The development of models simulating soil processes has increased rapidly in recent years. These models have been developed to improve the understanding of important soil processes and also to act as tools for evaluating agricultural and environmental problems. In this research, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to predict of soil Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) which was called neural kriging (NK) by easily measurable characteristics of clay and organic carbon. 134 soil samples were collected from different horizons of 34 soil profiles located in the Ziaran region, Qazvin province, Iran. The data set was divided into two subsets for calibration (75%) and testing (25%) of the model. In order to evaluate the model, root mean square error (RMSE) and R2 were used. The value of RMSE and R2 derived by ANN model were 0.04 and 0.97, respectively. The comparison of RMSE and R2 for various ANN models showed that the ANN model with three neurons in hidden layer gives better estimates of soil CEC. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to investigate the effects of various explanatory parameters on the output. The results indicated that CEC variation was more sensitive to clay content than OC variable. For geostatistical analyzing, sampling was done with stratified random method and 34 soil samples from 0 to 15 cm depth were collected with auger within 34 locations. For comparing and evaluation of neural kriging and ordinary kriging methods, cross validation was used by statistical parameters of RMSE and correlation coefficient (r) for test data set. The results showed that neural kriging method has the higher correlation coefficient (0.96) and less RMSE (1.22) than ordinary kriging method in predicting and spatial mapping of soil CEC in unsampled areas.
Physical and neuro-behavioural determinants of reproductive onset and success

The ages of puberty, first sexual intercourse and first birth signify the onset of reproductive ability, behaviour and success, respectively. These sequenced events have behavioural, physiological and health significance, and may also influence overall reproductive fitness. In a genome-wide association study of 125,667 white men and women aged 40-69 in the UK Biobank Study, we identify 38 sequence variants with association P-values <5×10 -8 with age at first sexual intercourse. Findings were taken forward in up to 241,910 men and women from deCODE Iceland and 20,187 from Women’s Genome Health Study. Several of these loci also exhibit strong associations with behavioural traits (rs4856591 in CADM2 and risk taking propensity: P=4.3×10 -10 ; rs73195303 in MSRA and irritable temperament: P=5.8×10 -11 ) and other reproductive traits (rs67229052 in ESR1 and both age at first birth: P=1.2x10 -13 and number of children: P=4.8×10 -12 ; rs2188151 in SEMA3F and age at first birth: P=8.76×10 -15 ). In Mendelian randomisation analyses, we demonstrate likely causal influences of earlier puberty timing on earlier first sexual intercourse, earlier first birth and fewer years of education. In turn, likely causal consequences of earlier first sexual intercourse include reproductive, educational, psychiatric and cardiometabolic outcomes. These findings point to the existence of developmental and neuro-behavioural regulators of reproductive activity and success.
Utilisation de quelques marqueurs physiologiques et biochimiques dans l’expression de tolérance au stress hydrique chez 10 génotypes de blé dur ( Triticum durum Desf )

Ne pouvant lutter ou edifier une strategie contre les facteurs incontournables de l’environnement, l’homme a essaye de domestiquer des plantes qui ont pu progressivement s’adapter aux contraintes imposees. Parmi les voies preconisees, la gestion rationnelle des ressources naturelles, notamment hydriques, figurent parmi les plus privilegiees. L’exploration des mecanismes physiologiques d’adaptation au deficit hydrique chez les cereales permet d’en selectionner quelques uns pour enfin les introduire dans un programme national d’intensification. A cet effet, dix genotypes de ble dur ont fait l’objet d’etude au plan physiologique, biochimique, histologique ainsi que sur le plan de la vigueur et la viabilite des semences. Les resultats montrent que l’essai topographique au Tetrazolium semble accorder une plus grande vigueur chez les genotypes 1, 3 et 4. L’etude histologique met en valeur les varietes 1, 4, 5, 9, 10 qui montrent une bonne presentation de tous les tissus et ce, sous conditions de stress hydrique. Les osmoprotecteurs tels que la proline et les sucres solubles augmentent avec le stress, demontrant ainsi leur role de tolerance ou forme adaptative. La turgescence enfin, montre que V1 et V8 sont plus efficientes a gerer l’echange hydrique foliaire. Mots cles : Ble dur - Deficit hydrique - Adaptation - Physiologie - Genetique As long as man enables to build a strategy against environmental factors, he tried to domesticate plants which were progressively able to be adapted to those imposed constraints. Among those ways, efficient use of natural resources, water resources in particular, was a prevalent mean. Adaptative physiological mechanisms exploration to water deficit for cereals has permitted to select some of them in order to incorporate them within national intensification program. For this purpose, ten genotypes of durum wheat have been submitted to physiological, biochemical, histological study and viability and seed vigor as well. Results that have been obtained show that Tetrazolium test seems to accord a greater seed vigor for genotypes 1, 3, and 4. Histological study points out varieties 1, 4, 5, 9, and 10 which show a good presentation of all tissues under water stress conditions. Osmoprotectors, such as free proline and soluble sugars have increased with stress. This enables us to confirm tolerance role or adaptative pathway. Cell turgor show that V1 and V8 are more efficient for water exchanges and equilibrium in leaves. Keywords : Durum wheat – Water deficit- Adaptation-Physiology - Genetic
Structure, management practices, and production costs of U.S. beef cow-calf farms

The cow-calf segment of the U.S. beef industry is diverse in farm size, structure, and location, with farms located in every State and ranging from very small to very large. Modest structural change has occurred in this segment over the past two decades, resulting in moderately fewer farms that produce more animals and are more specialized in cow-calf production. This report compares cow-calf farms by region, farm size, phases of beef production that are present on the farm, and farm typology using the cow-calf version of the 2018 USDA Agricultural Resource Management Survey. Larger scale cow-calf farms were found in the Northern Plains and West regions, whereas smaller scale farms tended to be located in the Southeast and Southern Plains regions. Larger scale cow-calf farms had lower economic costs per cow and tended to adopt advanced technologies, management practices, and production systems at greater rates than smaller farms
Intestinal Microbiotas and Alcoholic Hepatitis: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Value

Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a rapidly progressing and severe stage of alcoholic liver disease, presenting a grim prognosis. Extensive research has elucidated several underlying mechanisms that contribute to the development of AH, including metabolic alterations, immune stimulation, and intestinal dysbiosis. These pathological changes intricately intertwine during the progression of AH. Notably, recent studies have increasingly highlighted the pivotal role of alterations in the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of AH. Consequently, future investigations should place significant emphasis on exploring the dynamics of intestinal microbiota. In this comprehensive review, we consolidate the primary causes of AH while underscoring the influence of gut microbes. Furthermore, by examining AH treatment strategies, we delineate the potential therapeutic value of interventions targeting the gut microbiota. Given the existing limitations in AH treatment options, we anticipate that this review will contribute to forthcoming research endeavors aimed at advancing AH treatment modalities.
Enhanced Photovoltaic Properties of Y6 Derivatives with Asymmetric Terminal Groups: A Theoretical Insight

Y6 derivatives with asymmetric terminal groups have attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, the effects of the asymmetric modification of terminal groups on the photovoltaic performance of Y6 derivatives are not well understood yet. Therefore, we designed a series of Y6-based acceptors with asymmetric terminal groups by endowing them with various electron-withdrawing abilities and different conjugated rings to conduct systematic research. The electron-withdrawing ability of the Y6-D1 terminal group (substituted by IC-2F and IC-2NO2 terminals) is strongest, followed by Y6 (substituted by two same IC-2F terminals), Y6-D2 (substituted by IC-2F and 2-(4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-6H-cyclopenta[b]thiophen-6-ylidene)malononitrile terminals), Y6-D4 (substituted by IC-2F and indene ring), and Y6-D3 (substituted by IC-2F and thiazole ring). Computed results show that A–A stacking is the main molecular packing mode of Y6 and four other asymmetric Y6 derivatives. The ratios of A–A stacking face-on configuration of Y6-D1, Y6-D2, Y6-D3, Y6-D4, and Y6 are 51.6%, 55.0%, 43.5%, 59.3%, and 62.4%, respectively. Except for Y6-D1 substituted by the IC-2F and IC-2NO2 (the strongest electron-withdrawing capacity) terminal groups, the other three asymmetric molecules are mainly electron-transporting and can therefore act as acceptors. The open-circuit voltages of organic solar cells (OSCs) based on Y6-D2, Y6-D3, and Y6-D4, except for Y6-D1, may be higher than those of OSCs based on the Y6 acceptor because of their higher energy levels of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). PM6/Y6-D3 and PM6/Y6-D4 have better light absorption properties than PM6/Y6 due to their higher total oscillator strength. These results indicate that Y6-D3 and Y6-D4 can be employed as good acceptors.
A 3D Parsimonious Finite-volume Frequency- domain Method for Elastic Wave Modelling

We present the finite-volume (FV or P0 Galerkin Discontinuous) formulation applied to the 3D visco-elastic wave equation in the frequency domain. This work is motivated within the framework of global offset seismic imaging by full waveform inversion. Concerning the direct problem, the FV formulation leads to the resolution of a large and sparse system of linear equations. This system can be solved with a direct solver particuraly suitable to tomographic applications since only one matrix factorization is performed per frequency for all the right hand terms (i.e. the sources). On the other hand, direct solvers require large amount of RAM and therefore restrict the possible field of realistic applications. The memory complexity of the proposed method implies reduced size models spanning over several wavelengths. In order to push back this limitation, the use of a higher order of interpolation, as Pk Galerkin Discontinuous, should decrease the discretization step allowing coarser meshes leading to a possible managing situation. Furthermore, the use of a domain decomposition method might reduce significantly the memory requirements of the FV frequency domain approach.
Retrievals of sulfur dioxide from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2 (GOME‐2) using an optimal estimation approach: Algorithm and initial validation

[1] We apply an optimal estimation algorithm originally developed for retrieving ozone profiles from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) to make global observations of sulfur dioxide from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2 (GOME-2) on the MetOp-A satellite. Our approach combines a full radiative transfer calculation, retrieval algorithm, and trace gas climatologies to implicitly include the effects of albedo, clouds, ozone, and SO2 profiles in the retrieval. Under volcanic conditions, the algorithm may also be used to directly retrieve SO2 plume altitude. Retrieved SO2 columns over heavy anthropogenic pollution typically agree with those calculated using a two-step slant column and air mass factor approach to within 10%. Retrieval uncertainties are quantified for GOME-2 SO2 amounts; these are dominated by uncertainty contributions from noise, surface albedo, profile shape, correlations with other retrieved parameters, atmospheric temperature, choice of wavelength fitting window, and aerosols. When plume altitudes are also simultaneously retrieved, additional significant uncertainties result from uncertainties in the a priori altitude, the model's vertical layer resolution, and instrument calibration. Retrieved plume height information content is examined using the Mount Kasatochi volcanic plume on 9 August 2008. An a priori altitude of 10 km and uncertainty of 2 km produce degrees of freedom for signal of at least 0.9 for columns >30 Dobson units. GOME-2 estimates of surface SO2 are compared with in situ annual means over North America in 2008 from the Clear Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET; r = 0.85, N = 65) and Air Quality System (AQS) and National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS; r = 0.40, N = 438) networks.
Alignment of CSR Strategies with Business Objectives in IT Sector, Focusing on the Competitive Advantage

While numerous researchers have focused on examining the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on various aspects of business in different industries, there still remains a research gap in conducting comprehensive analyses of CSR strategies in Information Technology (IT) sector. Therefore, this study aims to address this gap by evaluating the effects of CSR on competitive advantage in the IT companies. In order to analyze data, AMOS structural equation modeling (AMOS-SEM) method was applied, and data were collected during February-April 2023 from 143 Iranian IT firms where CSR has not been appropriately dealt within theoretical as well as practical terms. The findings reveal that among the four components of CSR — legal, ethical, economic, and discretionary—, ethical, legal, economic, and discretionary dimensions have the most positive impact on competitive advantage, respectively. Taken together, these findings suggest a significant role for CSR in enhancing the level of competitive advantage in IT companies. In addition to the knowledge contribution, this study holds significant practical implications for IT company managers to strengthen their decision-making processes and develop effective CSR strategies.
Can the maintenance of overpressured fluids in large strike-slip fault zones explain their apparent weakness?

The nucleation of earthquakes on weak faults is still poorly understood. Favored models for weakening have invoked the presence of high-pressure fluids contained within the fault. Here, from detailed field mapping, permeability measurements, and modeling, we assess how pressurized fluids may be impounded by layers of low-permeability phyllosilicate- rich fault gouge. Constraints are made on the permeability anisotropy, fluid-flow pathways, and fluid-loss rates from a large transcurrent fault zone. It is concluded that phyllosilicate-rich fault gouges having permeabilities ranging from 10−17 to 10−21 m2 and cumulative layer thicknesses of ∼50–200 m (from field observations) need fluid fluxes at the base of the brittle part of a large transcurrent fault (assumed to extend from 0 to 15 km depth) of ∼0.1 m3·m−2·yr−1. Furthermore, permeability anisotropy must exceed three orders of magnitude for overpressures to develop. This finding implies that vertical permeability must be enhanced by relatively permeable inclusions of fractured protolith within the fault zone, enclosed by walls of low-permeability gouge. For cross-zone flow, the lateral continuity of the phyllosilicate-rich fault-gouge layers provides effective barriers to fluid flow both into and out of the fault zone. This geometry restricts the origin of fluids in large fault zones as it favors fluids derived from deep sources. However, the fluid flux over time of mantle-derived CO2 and water produced from dehydration reactions has been estimated and appears inadequate. Given the frictional characteristics of phyllosilicate-rich fault gouge, small earthquakes and fault creep are the most likely modes of failure, facilitated by the buildup of high-pressure fluids in cells, producing spatial weakening of the fault.
sex and age-specific variation in

25 Social environments influence multiple traits of individuals including immunity, stress and 26 ageing, often in sex-specific ways. The composition of the microbiome (the assemblage of 27 symbiotic microorganisms within a host) is determined by environmental factors and the 28 host’s immune, endocrine and neural systems. The social environment could alter host 29 microbiomes extrinsically by affecting transmission between individuals, likely promoting 30 homogeneity in the microbiome of social partners. Alternatively, intrinsic effects arising from 31 interactions between the microbiome and host physiology (the microbiota-gut-brain axis) 32 could translate social stress into dysbiotic microbiomes, with consequences for host health. 33 We investigated how manipulating social environments during larval and adult life-stages 34 altered the microbiome composition of Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies. We used social 35 contexts that particularly alter the development and lifespan of males, predicting that any 36 intrinsic social effects on the microbiome would therefore be sex-specific. The presence of 37 adult males during the larval stage significantly altered the microbiome of pupae of both 38 sexes. In adults, same-sex grouping increased bacterial diversity in both sexes. Importantly, 39 the microbiome community structure of males was more sensitive to social contact at older 40 ages, an effect partially mitigated by housing focal males with young rather than co-aged 41 groups. Functional analyses suggest that these microbiome changes impact ageing and 42 immune responses. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the substantial effects of the 43 social environment on individual health are mediated through intrinsic effects on the 44 microbiome, and provides a model for understanding the mechanistic basis of the 45 microbiota-gut-brain axis.