Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transition rate dependence on the atom charge states, Z

Here are shown two different transition rates, one obtained in the ADK-theory [1,2] and the other one for ADK result with turning point corrected with the Coulomb interaction – let us denote it cADK [1,3], in both cases the changing of charge states Z of atoms was performed. If plotted for the fields from 1012 W/cm2 to 1017 W/cm2 and for Z=1 to Z=10, the two variants give behavior which were not predicted before, Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, showing in the cADK case pick which is not shown in the ADK case. But from results shown on Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, although they are giving only the illustration of the real behavior of the transition rates, the actual situation can be predicted. On Fig. 4 one has results of cADK, and obtains the strongest tunnel effect at 1013 W/cm2, differing from the ADK case (Fig. 3), which gives this effect at 1014 W/cm2, in accordance with our earlier result [1].
Optimal hyperplane classifier based on entropy number bound

Entropy number bound is a capacity measure for learning machines, proposed by Williamson et. al. (1998). Based on this capacity measure and the structural risk minimization principle, we actually implement an optimal hyperplane classifier. In online character recognition experiment using the tangent distance, our method performed better than the conventional optimal hyperplane classifier based on VC dimension.
The properties of random surfaces of significance in their contact

In recent work it has been shown that many types of surfaces used in engineering practice have a random structure. The paper takes, as a representation of the profile of such a surface, the waveform of a random signal; this is completely defined by two parameters, a height distribution and an auto-correlation function. It is shown how such a representation can be transformed into a model, appropriate for the study of surface contact, consisting of an array of asperities having a statistical distribution of both heights and curvatures. This theory is compared with the results of an analysis of surface profiles presented in digital form. The significance of these findings for the theory of surface contact and for the measurement and characterization of surface finish is discussed.
The Stromlo-APM Redshift Survey. IV. The Redshift Catalog

The Stromlo-APM Redshift Survey consists of 1797 galaxies with {ital b}{sub {ital J}}{le}17.15 selected randomly, at a rate of 1 in 20 from automated plate measurement (APM) scans. The survey covers a solid angle of 1.3 sr (4300 deg{sup 2}) in the south Galactic cap. Redshifts have been measured for 1790 (99.6{percent}) of the galaxies. The median galaxy recession velocity is 15,300 km s{sup {minus}1}, and so the volume probed is {ital V}{approx_equal}1.38{times}10{sup 6} h{sup {minus}3} Mpc{sup 3}. In this paper we describe the construction of the redshift catalog and present the survey data. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Astronomical Society. }
Constrained robust guaranteed cost control for uncertain linear time-delay system

This paper is concerned with constrained robust guaranteed cost control for uncertain linear time-delay systems using a linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach. Provided with necessary conditions, the problem considered is to design a static state feedback controller for a class of linear uncertain time-delay systems such that the following three goals are achieved simultaneously: 1) the closed-loop systems with this controller are robustly stable; 2) a given quadratic performance index for the systems is guaranteed to be below a known upper bound; and 3) the control input is norm bounded. We show that the solvability of the addressed problem is implied by the feasibility of some linear matrix inequalities.
Algebraic invariant curves and first integrals for Riccati polynomial differential systems

We characterize the algebraic invariant curves for the Riccati polynomial differential systems of the form x′ = 1, y′ = a(x)y2 +b(x)y +c(x), where a(x), b(x) and c(x) are arbitrary polynomials. We also characterize their algebraic first integrals.
The improved split‐step θ methods for stochastic differential equation

Two improved split‐step θ methods, which, respectively, named split‐step composite θ method and modified split‐step θ‐Milstein method, are proposed for numerically solving stochastic differential equation of Itô type. The stability and convergence of these methods are investigated in the mean‐square sense. Moreover, an approach to improve the numerical stability is illustrated by choices of parameters of these two methods. Some numerical examples show the accordance between the theoretical and numerical results. Further numerical tests exhibit not only the Hamiltonian‐preserving property of the improved split‐step θ methods for a stochastic differential system but also the positivity‐preserving property of the modified split‐step θ‐Milstein method for the Cox–Ingersoll–Ross model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microwave Characteristics of MgTiO3–CaTiO3 Dielectric Ceramics Fabricated Using Spark Plasma Sintering

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) was used in preparing dense 0.93MgTiO3–0.07CaTiO3 (MCT) ceramics, and their microstructure and microwave dielectric properties were investigated. Compared with conventional pressureless sintering, SPS was found to be effective in obtaining dense MCT ceramics with uniform microstructures at low temperatures, without any degradation of dielectric properties. The MCT specimen SPS-fabricated at 1150°C for 10 min exhibited excellent dielectric properties: a dielectric constant of 23 and a quality factor (Qf) of 70,000 GHz.
Theoretical and computational aspects of the self-induced motion of three-dimensional vortex sheets

Theoretical and computational aspects of the self-induced motion of closed and periodic three-dimensional vortex sheets situated at the interfaces between two inviscid uids with generally different densities in the presence of surface tension are considered. In the mathematical formulation, the vortex sheet is described by a continuous distribution of marker points that move with the velocity of the fluid normal to the vortex sheet while executing an arbitrary tangential motion. Evolution equations for the vectorial jump in the velocity across the vortex sheet, the vectorial strength of the vortex sheet, and the scalar circulation field or strength of the effective dipole field following the marker points are derived. The computation of the self-induced motion of the vortex sheet requires the accurate evaluation of the strongly singular Biot-Savart integral whose existence requires that the normal vector varies in a continuous fashion over the vortex sheet. Two methods of computing the principal value of the Biot-Savart integral are implemented. The first method involves computing the vector potential and the principal value of the harmonic potential over the vortex sheet, and then differentiating them in tangential directions to produce the normal or tangential component of the velocity, in the spirit of generalized vortex methods developed by Baker (1983). The second method involves subtracting off the dominant singularity of the Biot-Savart kernel and then accounting for its contribution by use of vector identities. Evaluating the strongly singular Biot-Savart integral is thus reduced to computing a weakly singular integral involving the mean curvature of the vortex sheet, and this allows the routine discretization of the vortex sheet into curved elements whose normal vector is not necessarily continuous across the edges, and the computation of the self-induced velocity without kernel desingularization. Numerical simulations of the motion of a closed or periodic vortex sheet immersed in a homogeneous fluid confirm the effectiveness of the numerical methods for a limited time of evolution. Numerical instabilities arise after a certain evolution time due to the ill-posedness of vortex sheet dynamics. The motion may be regularized by desingularizing the Biot-Savart kernel using either Krasny's (1986b) method or spectrum truncation. Depending, however, on the physical mechanism that drives the motion, the instabilities may persevere.
On the generation of plasma waves in Saturn's inner magnetosphere

Voyager 1 plasma wave measurements of Saturn's inner magnetosphere are reviewed with regard to interpretative aspects of the wave spectrum. A comparison of the wave emission profile with the electron plasma frequency obtained from in situ measurements of the thermal ion density shows good agreement with various features in the wave data identified as electrostatic modes and electromagnetic radio waves. Theoretical calculations of the critical flux of superthermal electrons able to generate whistler-mode waves and electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic waves through a loss-cone instability are presented. The comparison of model results with electron measurements shows excellent agreement lending support to the conclusion that a moderate perpendicular anisotropy in the hot electron distribution is present in the equatorial region of L = 5-8.
The use of 31 P MRS and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) to Assess the Kinetics of Children and Adults at the Onset of Moderate Intensity Exercise

Methods Twelve 9-10 year old children (7 boys, 5 girls) and 15 young adults (8 men, 7 women) participated in the study after written consent was obtained. The exercise protocol was performed within a 1.5T Philips Gyroscan Clinical Intera system using a 6cm P transmit /receive surface coil placed within the subject bed centred over the quadriceps muscle. Matching and tuning of the coil was carried out followed by an automatic shimming protocol. Subsequently, an unsaturated P spectrum was acquired to allow T1 correction for those spectra obtained during the exercise protocol. Subjects were then required to perform knee extension and flexion exercise with their right leg against a pulley system, to which a mass was attached equal to 80% of the Pi/PCr intracellular threshold which had been determined at a prior visit. Exercise was carried out with a frequency of 0.66 Hz, with all force and power measurements recorded via a non-magnetic strain gauge and shaft encoder present within the pulley system. To ensure a consistent work rate and muscle position relative to the coil during exercise, the subject was visually queued, with associated feedback. During the entire protocol, phosphorous spectra were acquired every 1.5 seconds and phase cycling with 4 phase cycles was employed, leading to a spectra acquired every 6 s, with all scanning conforming to NRPB guidelines (1). The exercise protocol consisted of 2 minutes of baseline measurements, 6 minutes of exercise and 6 minutes of recovery during which time spectra were continuously obtained. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was also undertaken on the vastus lateralis muscle every second to monitor deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) dynamics. P spectra were quantified via peak fitting, assuming prior knowledge, using the jMRUI (version 2) software package employing the AMARES fitting algorithm (2, 3). Spectra were fitted assuming the presence of the following peaks: inorganic phosphate (Pi), phosphodiester, phosphocreatine (PCr), αATP (2 peaks, amplitude ratio 1:1), γ-ATP (2 peaks, amplitude ratio 1:1) and β-ATP (3 peaks, amplitude ratio 1:2:1) allowing the calculation of d[PCr]/dt during exercise and recovery. pH was calculated from the chemical shift of Pi relative to PCr. The decrease in PCr at the beginning of exercise was fitted to a single-exponential curve with associated time constant, whereas a singleexponential model including both a time constant and delay term was used for the Hb response.
Wave Simulation in Truncated Domains for Offshore Applications

Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door de promotoren: The photograph on the cover shows La Jument, a lighthouse 300m off the coast of Ushant Island, Brittany, France. The photograph was taken by Jean Guichard (www.jean-guichard.com) and made availabe to the author for illustrating the cover of this thesis, for which Mr. Guichard is gratefully acknowledged. Subject and main objective There is a desire to assess extreme wave loads on offshore structures like Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) vessels, either for design, or for evaluation when circumstances near the structure change. Design formulae for extreme wave loads are scarce and have limited validity for specific structures. Simplified theory, such as linear potential theory, which is often used for motion analysis of offshore structures, does not represent the hydrodynamics involved in a wave impact with sufficient accuracy. For this reason, extreme wave loads are often assessed in physical experiments at model scale. Extreme wave loads may also be simulated by means of detailed numerical modeling. ComFLOW is the name for a numerical method specifically developed for simulating wave impact events. Simulation of wave impacts on offshore structure with ComFLOW is the subject of this thesis. Simulations should represent wave interaction with the structure as if it were out at sea. For reasons of efficiency, the computational domain can not be much larger than the offshore structure it contains. Wave simulation in computational domains of limited size requires special measures to reduce spurious reflection of waves at the boundaries of the domain. The main objective of this thesis is to find or develop means to efficiently reduce spurious reflection from the boundaries in ComFLOW. Numerical method ComFLOW is based on the Navier-Stokes equations. For the derivation of the numerical method in ComFLOW, a finite volume discretization for Cartesian grids has been adopted. The discretization yields a skew-symmetric operator for the convec-tive term and a symmetric operator for the viscous term in the momentum equation, resembling the symmetry properties of the analytical operators. Forward Euler time discretization is applied, in which the pressure term is evaluated implicitly. Substituting the discrete momentum equation in the discrete continuity equation gives a Poisson equation for the pressure which is solved iteratively by means of Successive v vi Over-Relaxation (SOR) with an optimal choice for the relaxation coefficient in case the absorbing boundary condition derived in this thesis is not applied in the simulation. When the absorbing boundary …
Study of dynamic geometry in simulation and reconstruction of liquid-based detector

The non-uniformity of liquid in a detector is difficult to be described with the traditional detector description method used in Geant4. To solve the simulation and reconstruction problem with dynamic and non-uniform liquid-based detector, a method of combining GDML and tessellated 3D modeling is put forward to export the detector geometry information from computational fluid dynamics simulation software and import it into the detector simulation software. This method can be used to study the effects of non-uniformity on detector performance. It can be further used to solve other dynamic geometry-related problems in particle and nuclear physics experiments.
A systematic study on synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles by various routes

Cerium oxide (CeO2), also known as, ceria, is a well-known n-type semiconductor material. It finds potential roles in various field applications such as catalysis, sensing and antibacterial. It is widely used as a photocatalyst for treatment of waste water pollutants, because of the variable oxidation state of cerium i.e. +3, and +4. Many reports are available in literature which deals with the synthesis and properties of CeO2. The properties of CeO2 are highly dependent on the synthesis conditions such as precursors, additives, calcination temperature and type of synthesis route. In this review article, synthesis of CeO2 by various chemical routes are discussed in detail.
Phytochemical screening of Datura using GC-MS in Shivalik and mid- Himalayan regions of Himachal Pradesh

Datura stramonium is a poisonous plant species reported in almost every corner of India which belongs to the family Solanaceae with a well-known history of ethno medicinal applications. The present study has attempted phytochemical screening of Datura in Himachal Pradesh based on altitude differences. In the present study, methanol extracts of D. stramonium were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to identify the important phytochemical constituents. In the present investigation, we have also attempted to provide proof of differences in the concentrations of phytochemicals within the same species as stated in previous literature. In the study, Datura stramonium was taken into consideration as an important toxic plant encountered in poisoning and abuse cases in Himachal Pradesh. Datura specimens were collected from selective regions of Himachal and were grouped according to altitude. The samples were carefully dried and subjected to microscopic examination and phytochemical screening. The GC–MS analysis of methanol extracts from seeds detected the presence of 15 phytochemical compounds. The GC-MS reports revealed variability in alkaloid concentrations with altitude. The area percentage occupied by the alkaloid peak was considered an indication of concentration. Scopolamine peak area percentage was between 21.46-27.06 in the mid – Himalayan region, while in the Shivalik region it was between 9.86-16.10. The samples from lower altitude regions had a lower content of Scopolamine in comparison to that of the higher altitude. This data can help in better forensic profiling of Datura. This may prove helpful in studying the origin of forensic evidence obtained at the scene of the crime.
Electric properties of polycrystalline PbCd1/3Nb2/3O3

Abstract Temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity and electric conductivity of polycrystalline PbCd1/3Nb2/3O3 in the region of phase transition have been presented. Electric properties of polycrystalline PbCd1/3Nb2/3O3 depend on frequency of the measuring field. In the region of para-ferroelectric phase transition a change of electric properties takes place.
Preparation of biodiesel and experimental investigation of biodiesel blends on diesel engine at varying speed.

Because the world’s fossil fuel reserves are depleting at an alarming rate as a result of increased consumption, biodiesel is a useful alternative to fossil fuels in many scenarios. Since biodiesel emits fewer harmful emissions, it’s an environmentally friendly fuel. Biodiesel can be produced at a lower cost and can be used without any modifications in the engine. The most acceptable process for biodiesel production is base-catalysed transesterification. In this present research work we prepared and compared the characteristics of the biodiesel with conventional diesel fuel. Waste fry oil taken form potato chip industry and Jatropha from Jatropha seeds methyl ester-based biodiesel was prepared using transesterification process. The pure bio-diesel was blended with diesel in some proportions making it as B20, B30, B40, B50 blends and tested in a four-stroke, four-cylinder, diesel ignition engine running at five different engine speeds 1600, 1800, 2000, 2200, 2400 respectively.
Stability analysis and design of T-S fuzzy control system with simplified linear rule consequent

Stability and design issues of simple T-S fuzzy control system with simplified linear rule consequent (TSS) are investigated. A systematic approach to find a common matrix P for TSS fuzzy system is presented, where system matrix Ai is decomposed into proportional part Ai and the remainder delta Ai. Hence an iterative approach to find a common matrix P for pairwise commutative Ai's can be used. The stability of the global system is guaranteed if delta Ai satisfies certain conditions. Qualitative instructions for TSS control system design are summarized. A physical example is given to illustrate the issues discussed throughout the paper.
Symmetry aware generation of two-staged particle decays in high-energy physics

We present a specialised layer for generative modeling of LHC events with generative adversarial networks. We use Lorentz boosts, rotations, momentum and energy conservation to build a network cell generating a 2-body particle decay. This cell is stacked consecutively in order to model two staged decays, respecting the symmetries across the decay chain. We allow for modifications of the resulting four-vectors in order to model higher order and detector effects. We give an evaluation of the generator quality in a Higgs decay into two Z bosons, further decaying into a muon pair each.
4-E (Energy-Emission-Environment-Economic) Dispatch Problem in Solar PV Energy Using Hybrid PSOTLBO Search Algorithm

Renewable energy sources have evolved into a technologically and economically feasible choice for use by electrical utilities. Furthermore, the widespread usage of renewable energy sources is driving policymakers and utilities to increase green energy’s role to ensure long-term economic growth. The most influential non-conventional energy source for generating power is solar energy. Electric power systems must be designed, built, and run in such a way that the majority of energy demand for loads is supplied reliably, cost-effectively, and in an environmentally responsible manner. In 4-E dispatch, the term “energy” refers to generated power in the scheduled period, the term “emission” refers to the amount of emission released in the scheduled period, and the term “environment” refers to health and environmental damage costs in the scheduled period and the term “economic” refers to power generating cost in the scheduled period. In this paper a hybrid of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and teaching learning-based optimization (TLBO), named as PSOTLBO is proposed, developed, and effectively applied to attain the best or optimum solutions for the 4-E (Energy-Emission-Environment-Economic) dispatch problem for scenarios involving ten thermal power plants and thirteen solar photovoltaic (PV) plants.
Machine Learning applications for Data Quality Monitoring and Data Certification within CMS

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector is getting ready for datataking in 2022, after a long shutdown period. LHC Run-3 is expected to deliver an ever-increasing amount of data. To ensure that the recorded data has the best quality possible, the CMS Collaboration has dedicated Data Quality Monitoring (DQM) and Data Certification (DC) working groups. These working groups are made of human shifters and experts who carefully watch and investigate histograms generated from different parts of the detector. However, the current workflow is not granular enough and prone to human errors. On the other hand, several techniques in Machine Learning (ML) can be designed to learn from large collections of data and make predictions for the data quality at an unprecedented speed and granularity. Hence, the data certification process can be considered as a perfect problem for ML techniques to tackle. With the help of ML, we can increase the granularity and speed of the DQM workflow and assist the human shifters and experts in detecting anomalies during data-taking. In this presentation, we present preliminary results from incorporating ML to highly granular DQM information for data certification.