Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AGGRESSIVENESS AND THE INTENSITY OF PROVISIONING (ARTIFICIAL FEEDING) HANUMAN LANGURS AROUND JODHPUR (RAJASTHAN)

A behavioural study in free-ranging Hanuman langur (Semnopithecus entellus) around Jodhpur (west Rajasthan) was conducted during 2008-2009. Different patterns of agonistic behaviour and aggressiveness in different langur groups were observed depending on the intensity of provisioning during the study period. The effects of artificial feeding were examined between two troops having minimum and maximum provisioning by local peoples. Results are based on focal animal sampling and ad libitum sampling of 17 adult females in the group Kailana II (low provisioning) and Mandore troops of the langur population of Jodhpur. The behaviour of their aggressiveness was observed. Mandore troop having high provisioning and more interacting with human population was observed to be more aggressive and play more agnostic interaction within and between two troops compared to low provisioned troops. Highly provisioned troop had high-intensity aggression (68.9%) and aggressiveness. In Mandore total 85 incident were observed when troop members play a major role in aggressiveness. Studies on the nature of changing the aggressiveness with the intensity of provisioning and or human interaction are essential for a basic understanding of the behavioral strategies that individual displays when faced with changing food rapidly. KEY WORDS Semnopithecus entellus Aggressiveness Provisioning Intensity, Jodhpur
Characterization of Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogenetic Analysis of a Nocturnal Wasps—Provespa barthelemyi (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Genus Provespa contains nocturnal wasps mainly found in the southeastern region of Asia. There are no complete genome resources available of this genus, which hinders the study of its phylogenetic evolution and the origin of nocturnal behavior in the Vespidae family. Through high-throughput sequencing, we obtained the mitochondrial genome of Provespa barthelemyi (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), which is 17,721 base pairs in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, and two rRNAs. We identified four gene rearrangement events of P. barthelemyi that frequently occur in the Vespidae family. We used Maximum Likelihood (ML) methodologies to construct a phylogenetic tree based on the sequenced mitochondrial genome and the available data of reported species belonging to Vespinae. Our findings confirmed the monophyly of Vespinae. Our study reports the first complete mitochondrial genome of Provespa and compares its characteristics with other mitochondrial genomes in the family Vespidae. This research should shed light on the phylogenetic relationships and ecological characteristics of the Vespidae family.
A Radar-Based Investigation of Lake Breezes in Southern Manitoba, Canada

ABSTRACT Lake breezes are thermally direct circulations that form as a result of the differential heating of land and water and are important in modifying local climate and triggering convection; they have also been linked to tornadogenesis. Although lake breezes are generally well understood, studies of smaller lakes have been relatively scarce, and none have examined lake-breeze circulations in southern Manitoba even though they are seemingly apparent on weather radar. The objectives of this paper are to provide a radar-based analysis of lake-breeze frequency and characteristics in southern Manitoba, determine the detectability of lake-breeze fronts using the radar analysis with data collected in 2013, assess the types of lake-breeze circulations that occur, and examine the meteorological conditions in which they occur. Between 2008 and 2013, lake-breeze fronts were noted on 205 days using radar over the summer months, accounting for 37% of study days, with an average of 11–12 days with lake-breeze fronts each month. These findings agree fairly well with, and are only slightly less than, frequencies reported for Lake Michigan but are lower than the most recent findings for southern Ontario. In an effort to validate the results, a broad comparison between the radar analysis and a more complete analysis using satellite and surface stations is provided for 2013 demonstrating that radar is more useful for detecting lake breezes around Lake Manitoba than around Lake Winnipeg. Lake-breeze circulations originating on Lake Manitoba and the Shoal lakes were classified into three types. The distribution of types for the Shoal lakes was similar to previous findings by other authors with “moderate deformation” circulations being the most frequent. Finally, a brief meteorological analysis was completed for each month of this study. The results of the analysis were inconclusive with no single meteorological factor being consistently well correlated to higher or lower lake-breeze frequency.
What’s in store for females after breaking the glass ceiling? Evidence from the Chinese audit market

Given that female auditors’ representation in the audit market has averagely caught up to that of males, yet remains insufficient at the partner level, it is imperative to investigate gender discrimination in public accounting firms. Using data from the Chinese audit market, this paper analyzes the glass ceiling phenomenon faced by females as they aspire to promotion to partner positions. It also explores the professional barriers that may impede their career progression post-promotion. The findings illuminate that the opportunities for female promotion to partner positions are notably lower than for males. Furthermore, after their elevation to partner roles, females are more likely to be allocated to clients grappling with financial distress and high-risk situations. In contrast, opportunities to engage with auditing important clients are diminished, particularly within male-dominated audit firms. Additionally, the study reveals that female promotion to partner positions heightens their prospects for assuming the lead auditor role in audit projects. However, this phenomenon predominantly materializes within audit firms characterized by a higher proportion of female auditors. Instead, females face more significant challenges in garnering recognition within male-dominated audit firms. Lastly, the research examines investor reactions to female promotion to partner, revealing a generally negative response. In summary, this study contributes to a comprehensive exploration of gender discrimination within the public accounting firms, shedding light on women’s career development challenges after breaking the glass ceiling.
Comparative Analysis of Various Hyperelastic Models and Element Types for Finite Element Analysis

This study aims to evaluate the precision of nine distinct hyperelastic models using experimental data sourced from the existing literature. These models rely on parameters obtained through curve-fitting functions. The complexity in finite element models of elastomers arises due to their nonlinear, incompressible behaviour. To achieve accurate representations, it is imperative to employ sophisticated hyperelastic models and appropriate element types and formulations. Prior published work has primarily focused on the comparison between the fitting models and the experimental data. Instead, in this study, the results obtained from finite element analysis are compared against the original data to assess the impact of element formulation, strain range, and mesh type on the ability to accurately predict the response of elastomers over a wide range of strain values. This comparison confirms that the element formulation and strain range can significantly influence result accuracy, yielding different responses in various strain ranges also because of the limitation with the curve fitting tools.
A STUDY ON SOIL EROSION AND ITS IMPACTS ON FLOODS AND SEDIMENTATION

Balanced ecosystem comprising of soil, water and plant environment is essential for survival and welfare of the mankind. However, eco-system of the earth has been disturbed in the past due to over exploration of the nature for meeting the demands generated due industrial growth etc. Activities such as deforestation, Mining, Agriculture etc., that dominantly occurred in the recent past due to developments resulted in soil on land surfaces exposed directly to the rains. This unprotected soil could be easily removed from the land surfaces by the combined action of rain and the resulting flow. Vast tracts of land have been thus irreversibly converted into infertile surfaces due to the continued soil erosion. These degraded land surfaces also become sources of pollution to the natural water. Soil eroded from the upland areas of the catchment, gets deposited in the rivers causing aggradation. This causes increase in floods plain area of the river choking of the clearance below the bridge and culverts etc. Reservoir sedimentation is the problem of prime concerns for water resources engineers and gets accelerated due to catchment soil erosion. The net amount eroded soil (sediment) reaching to the catchment outlet over a period of time is termed as sediment yield. For the project planning purpose estimates of sediment yield can be made with the available techniques by using the data on the hydrometeorology and the catchment characteristics. The tools of Remote sensing (RS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are vigorously being utilized to give a Digital representation of the hydrological variables like soil erosion. For soil conservation planning however it is necessary to estimate the variation of soil erosion and sediment yield with the time during storm events or for a series of storm events. The problem of soil erosion is prevalent over about 53 % of the total land (1750000 km 2 out of the total land area of 3280000 km 2 ) area of India (Narayana & Ram Babu, 1983). The regions of high erosion include the severely eroded gullied land along the banks of the river Yamuna, Chambal and Mahi and other west flowing rivers in Western Indian states. The Himalayan and lower Himalayan regions have been greatly affected by soil erosion due to intensive deforestation, large scale road construction, mining and cultivation on steep slopes. Areas affected by soil erosion in India can be broadly grouped into two categories, representing, firstly the Himalayan and Lower Himalayan region and secondly other regions. In the present paper light is focused on erosion and its impacts on sedimentation and Floods considering relevant case studies, also some of the potential remedial measures are briefly discussed.
Simple, Fast and Widely Applicable Concurrent Memory Reclamation via Neutralization

Reclaiming memory in non-blocking dynamic data structures in unmanaged languages like C/C++ presents a unique challenge due to the risk of use-after-free errors caused by concurrent accesses. Existing safe memory reclamation (SMR) algorithms fall short of satisfying five key properties: high performance, bounded garbage, usability, consistency, and applicability. In particular, bounded garbage and high performance are quite difficult to achieve simultaneously. In this paper, we address this limitation by proposing a new, provably correct technique called neutralization based reclamation (NBR) that neutralizes threads using POSIX signals to provide the synchronization required for safe memory reclamation. NBR uses atomic reads and writes and achieves bounded garbage and high performance without imposing significant overhead on concurrent readers and writers. An extensive experimental evaluation serves to demonstrate the efficiency of our technique across various data structures, reclamation algorithms, and workloads. A detailed survey of popular concurrent data structures suggests NBR is applicable to a wide range of data structures, many of which could not be used with prior SMR algorithms that guarantee bounded garbage.
The Identification and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) and Its Substituents

The aril and seed of nutmeg, Myristica fragrans Houtt. (Myristicaceae), hold significant value in various industries globally. Our preliminary research found two morphological variations: a globose shape and an oval shape. Due to these different characteristics, the safety of consumers is of primary concern. Thus, authentication and comparative pharmacological and toxicity analyses are necessary. In this study, pharmacognostic and advanced phytochemical analyses, DNA barcoding, cytotoxicity, and the anti-nitric oxide production of commercial Thai nutmeg were examined. Via morphologic examinations and TLC fingerprinting, all the sampled aril and seed were categorized into globose and oval-shaped groups. The results of HPLC, GC-MS, and LC-MS/MS experiments revealed distinct differences between these groups. The DNA barcoding of the trnH-psbA region using the BLAST method and neighbor-joining tree analyses confirmed the globose nutmeg as M. fragrans and the oval-shaped variant as M. argentea. A comparison was then carried out between the potential toxicity and anti-inflammatory capabilities of M. fragrans and M. argentea. Cytotoxicity tests on HaCaT, 3T3-L1, Caco-2, HEK293, and RAW264.7 were performed using both methanolic extracts and volatile oil from the arils and seeds of both species. This study concludes that blending or substituting these two species maintains their therapeutic integrity without posing safety concerns.
Use of Wearable and Wireless Technology in Real-World Clinical Settings to Improve Patient Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Mixed Methods Pilot Prospective Trial

Background: During the 30-day period prior to initiating dialysis, there is a 10-fold rise in emergency department visits and hospitalizations related to kidney failure. Objective: The Virtual Ward Incorporating Electronic Wearables (VIEWER) trial implemented a home telemonitoring system to track changes in patients’ vitals and assess their adherence and the acceptability of telemonitoring in a chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. Design: A pilot prospective clinical trial using a mixed methods approach was performed. Setting: The research was conducted in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Participants: There were 2 phases: Phase 1 was a 2-week-long pilot trial consisting of 10 participants. Phase 2 was a 3-month-long trial with a total of 26 participants. Patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate <15 and a >40% risk of beginning dialysis in the next 2 years according to the kidney failure risk equation were eligible to participate in the study. Methods: The primary quantitative outcome was adherence, defined as the proportion of daily self-assessments completed using VIEWER over the follow-up period. The usability and acceptability of VIEWER was assessed qualitatively at the end of the trial through structured questionnaires and focus groups. Results: Phase 1 participants (n = 10) had a median adherence of 77.17% for the 2-week observation period. Phase 2 participants (n = 26) showed a lower median adherence of 36% for the 3-month period. Focus group participants (n = 11) identified many positive aspects of VIEWER, including increased awareness and empowerment over health, simplicity of the data platform, and the ability to show clinical staff their health trends. Some challenges identified with VIEWER were connectivity issues with the Bluetooth, perceived inconvenience, and negative thoughts toward their health Limitations: Limitations of the study include a small sample size, which limited our ability to measure quantitative outcomes. In addition, patients agreeing to participate in any trial are generally more highly motivated and engaged in their care than those declining participation. Therefore, our results may not be generalizable to individuals who are not interested in self-management of their health. Conclusion: Our results suggest that home telemonitoring in patients with advanced CKD is feasible using a CKD-specific platform like VIEWER. We anticipate that improved functionality with incorporation of feedback from this study will result in greater long-term adherence. A future randomized clinical trial is planned.
Lightweight Transformer with Transposed-attention for Hyperspectral Unmixing

Hyperspectral unmixing primarily involves accurately estimating the end members and abundances from mixed pixels in hyperspectral images. In our task, we design a transposed-attention mechanism in the lightweight Transformer to capture the effective information between channels to provide better performance and faster computing speed. We compare the proposed model with those of the CyCU, FCLS, and DHTN methods. The quantitative and qualitative results indicate that our method outperforms the quality of endmember spectral and abundance maps and has a competitive advantage in calculation speed.
Increased arterial stiffness in patients with ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease

Recent studies have shown that patients with angina pectoris and no obstructive coronary artery disease are a heterogeneous population with an elevated risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. The current literature lacks evidence regarding the possible association between arterial stiffness and coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). The aim of this study is to determine whether arterial stiffness is increased among patients with CMD compared to hypertensive control group. We examined 25 patients [10 female, 40%, mean age: 60.7±9.6 years, mean office blood pressure (BP) : 141/88±17/9 mmHg] and 35 CMD patients (22 female, 63%, mean age : 62.4±4.9 years, average office BP: 129/79±15/10 mmHg). In the group of patients with chronic angina, CMD was defined by a standardized systematic protocol in which coronary flow reserve (CFR) and index of microvascular resistance (IMR) were measured in the left anterior descending coronary artery using a temperature/pressure sensor-tipped guidewire. In addition, in all participants, arterial stiffness was assessed using aortic augmentation index (AIx), derived from the analysis of central pulse waveforms, recorded by applanation tonometry directly from the radial artery. In the CMD group, mean CFR and IMR were 1.3±0.9 and 45.7±35, respectively. Out of the 35 CMD patients with abnormal CFR 12 of them (34%) had a normal value of IMR, indicating functional microvascular dysfunction. On the other hand, 23 patients (66%) had an abnormal IMR, indicating structural microvascular dysfunction. In CMD group compared to asymptomatic controls, AIx was found significantly higher (35.6±10.5 vs 25.1±12.1%, p=0.03). This difference in AIx between groups was found to be statistically significant after adjustment for age, gender and levels of BP (p<0.05). Moreover, no significant differences were found in body mass index, renal function, history of dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and smoking status between the two groups (p=NS for all). CMD patients are characterized by increased arterial stiffness in comparison with asymptomatic controls, independently of demographic and hemodynamic confounders. These results indicate that impairment of the microvasculature is associated with large artery stiffening. Thus, potential clinical benefit could be derived from specific therapies targeting AIx in patients with CMD.
Robust Censored Regression M-Estimate Normalized Subband Adaptive Filter: Formulation and Analysis

To tackle with highly correlated input signals and impulsive interferences under censored regression (CR) model, this brief presents a novel CR-type algorithm called robust censored regression M-estimate normalized subband adaptive filter (R-CR-M-NSAF), which can achieve significant performance improvement compared to other robust CR-type algorithms with tolerable complexity requirements. Furthermore, the mean and mean-square convergence ranges along with steady-state learning behavior have been analyzed with the help of some commonly-utilized assumptions. Finally, numerical simulations corroborate that the developed R-CR-M-NSAF algorithm receives better convergence behavior in terms of estimation accuracy in comparison with other considering algorithms under different background noise environments with impulsive interferences for parameter estimation and acoustic echo cancellation scenarios.
Intensity Change in Cultivated Land Use in China and Its Policy Implications

The area of cultivated land in China decreased from 35×104ha/yr(1980-1996) to 98×104ha/yr(1997-2005),resulted from rapid economic development following the 1978 reforms.In response to the growing demand of society for grain products,intensification has become the overwhelming choice in cultivated land use.But this choice came into conflict with farmers' pursuance in recent years,as the grain production is declining in importance for farmers with market economic improvement.Has the cultivated land use been intensive or extensive in the conflict between social interests and individual interest.How to release the conflict if extensive trend exists. The intensity changes in cultivated land use were discussed firstly on country scale.Increase of multi-cropping index(MCI) during 1952-2005 implied the intensification in cultivated land use in this period.But the sown area of grain decreased from 113787000hm2 in 1998 to 99410000ha in 2003 and 104278000ha in 2005.Meanwhile,the grain yield per unit-sown area had a reduction from 4502kg/ha in 1998 to 4332kg/ha in 2003,and then went up to 4642kg/ha in 2005.The downward trend of grain sown area and grain yield per sown-unit area during 1998-2003,revealed input reduction of cultivated land,expense and labor in grain production.The rise in 2004-2005 can be ascribed to the implement of new agriculture policy.Those facts mean that lower incentive for raising cultivated land use intensity already threatens grain production in China. On regional scale,the intensity in cultivated land use varied across provinces.MCI decreased in regional disparity in Beijing,Shanghai,Tianjin,Zhejiang,Fujian,Jiangxi,Hubei and Guangdong during 1996-2003.Furthermore,these provinces reduced their grain sown area synchronously.Other provinces that reduced their grain sown area included Hebei,Shanxi,Inner Mongolia,Liaoning,Jiangsu,Shangdong,Henan,Hunan,Guangxi,Hainan,Sichuan,Shaanxi,Gansu,Qinghai,and Xinjiang.Except for input reduction of cultivated land in grain production,input of labor and expense declined in some of the above regions till 2005. Farmer's pursuance change is at the root of the intensity change in cultivated land use.It had turned from maximizing the output of land to maximizing the income of labor force with the development of market economy.In order to achieve the goal of national food security,relevant policies and measures should be further taken to alleviate the conflict between the nation's goal and farmers' goal of maximizing their interests.These policies and measures should speed up the flow of cultivated land between farmers and encourage farmers to extend their farm scale with higher technological level.