Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Earthquake forecasting and its verification in northeast India

The aim of the present study is to analyze the occurrences of future earthquakes using forecasting techniques from past seismicity in northeast India (latitude 20°N–31°N and longitude 87°E–97°E). The present study applies two types of retrospective binary forecasting. The first one is the pattern informatics (PI) method and the other is the Relative Intensity (RI) method. These techniques quantify the spatio-temporal seismicity rate changes in the historic seismicity of the study region. For this purpose, a uniform and complete earthquake catalogue in moment magnitude (Mw > 3) is prepared. The resulting binary forecasts are evaluated with the relative operating characteristics (ROC) diagram. The ROC diagram quantifies the results in terms of a hit rate (fraction of events that are successfully forecasted) versus a false alarm rate (no event occurs in a hotspot box). Evaluation of forecasting results using ROC diagram is more protective than maximum likelihood tests. The result gives a regional seismogenic map where earthquakes are likely to occur during a specified period in the future. The recent India–Nepal border earthquake of 18 September 2011 occurred in one of the forecasted regions. These techniques have been applied for the first time to the Indian subcontinent.
3 mm) Intracranial £ of 196 Very Small ( Clinical and Angiographic Results of Coiling

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Coiling of very small ( (cid:1) 3 mm) aneurysms is considered controversial because of technical difficulties and a higher rate of procedural aneurysm ruptures. In this study, we report clinical and angiographic results of coiling of aneurysms 3 mm or smaller in comparison with larger aneurysms in a large, single-center cohort of patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1995 and July 2008, a total of 1295 aneurysms were selectively occluded with coils. Of 1295 aneurysms, 196 (15.1%) in 187 patients were very small. Of 196 aneurysms, 149 (76%) had ruptured and 47 (24%) had not ruptured. There were 51 males (27%) and 136 females (73%). Mean age was 54.7 years (age range, 11–78 years). RESULTS: Procedural morbidity rate was 2.1% and mortality rate, 1.1%. Procedural rupture occurred in 15 of 196 aneurysms (7.7%). In 13 of 15 procedural ruptures, this had no adverse effect on outcome. Early recurrent hemorrhage of the coiled aneurysm occurred in 2 patients (1.1%). Compared with larger aneurysms, in very small aneurysms more often a procedural rupture occurred (7.7% versus 3.6%; P (cid:1) . 018). Procedural morbidity rate was lower (3.2% versus 5.5%), but this was not significant ( P (cid:1) . 26). Retreatment rate consisted predominantly of clipping soon after incomplete coiling and was lower than in larger aneurysms (5.1% versus 10.0%; P (cid:1) . 041). Other characteristics were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Coiling of very small aneurysms was technically feasible, with good results. Although procedural aneurysm rupture was significantly more frequent in very small aneurysms, this did not lead to increased overall morbidity and mortality rates. Retreatment rate was lower than for larger aneurysms.
Stereoselective synthesis of perillaldehyde-based chiral β-amino acid derivatives through conjugate addition of lithium amides

Summary The Michael addition of dibenzylamine to (+)-tert-butyl perillate (3) and to (+)-tert-butyl phellandrate (6), derived from (S)-(−)-perillaldehyde (1), resulted in diastereomeric β-amino esters 7A–D in a moderately stereospecific reaction in a ratio of 76:17:6:1. After separation of the diastereoisomers, the major product, cis isomer 7A, was quantitatively isomerized to the minor component, trans-amino ester 7D. All four isomers were transformed to the corresponding β-amino acids 10A–D, which are promising building blocks for the synthesis of β-peptides and 1,3-heterocycles in three steps. The steric effects of the isopropyl group at position 4 and of the α-methyl substituent of (R)-N-benzyl-N-α-methylbenzylamine on the reactivity were also studied and, upon application of a chiral amine, excellent stereoselectivity of the conjugate addition was observed. Amino ester 11 was obtained as a single product and transformed to the corresponding amino acids 10A and 10D in good yields on the gram scale.
University of Birmingham Kinship care and child protection in high-income countries

Kinship care is a global phenomenon with a long history, which in high-income countries (HICs) at least, is being increasingly formalized through legislation and policy. There are many benefits to kinship care, including improved child mental health and well-being when compared to other types of out-of-home care. Despite this, kinship care is not without its risks with a lack of support and training for kinship carers putting children at an increased risk of abuse and neglect. This scoping review was conducted across 11 databases to explore the breadth and depth of the literature about abuse and neglect within kinship care in HICs and to provide initial indications about the relationship between kinship care and abuse. Of the 2,308 studies initially identified, 26 met the inclusion criteria. A majority of studies were from the United States, and most used case review methods. From the included studies, rates of re-abuse, and particularly rates of physical and sexual abuse, appear to be lower in kinship care settings when compared to other out-of-home care settings, but rates of neglect are often higher. This review has demonstrated that a small but significant number of children living in kinship care experience neglect or abuse.
Sources of organic aerosols in eastern China: A modeling study

1. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Formation and Prevention of Urban Air 6 Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China 7 2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, 8 Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, 9 Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China 10 3. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of 11 Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 12 Abstract: Organic aerosol (OA) makes up a substantial fraction of atmospheric 13 particulate matter that exerts tremendous impacts on air quality, climate, and human 14 health. Yet current chemical transport models fail to reproduce both the concentrations 15 and temporal variations of OA, especially the secondary organic aerosol (SOA), 16 hindering the identification of major contribution sources. One possibility is that 17 precursors that are not yet included in the model exist, and intermediate-volatility and 18 semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs) are advocated to be one of them. Herein, 19 we established a high-resolution emission inventory of I/SVOCs and by incorporating 20 it into the CMAQ model, concentrations, temporal variations, and spatial distributions 21 of POA and SOA originated from different sources in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) 22 region of China were successfully simulated. Compared with the comprehensive 23 observation data obtained in the region, i.e., volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 24 organic carbon (OC), primary organic aerosol (POA) and SOA, significant model 25
survival and

16 The developing CNS is exposed to physiological hypoxia, under which hypoxia inducible 17 factor alpha (HIF α ) is stabilized and plays a crucial role in regulating neural development. The 18 cellular and molecular mechanisms of HIF α in developmental myelination remain incompletely 19 understood. Previous concept proposes that HIF α regulates CNS developmental myelination by 20 activating the autocrine Wnt/ β -catenin signaling in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). 21 Here, by analyzing a battery of genetic mice of both sexes, we presented in vivo evidences 22 supporting an alternative understanding of oligodendroglial HIF α -regulated developmental 23 myelination. At the cellular level, we found that HIF α was required for developmental 24 myelination by transiently controlling upstream OPC differentiation but not downstream
Automatic Evolution of Eco-Efficient Software Architectures with CVL Models

Resource sharing and mass storage in server farms provided by cloud platforms save huge amounts of energy. However, optimizing energy consumption at the server room is not enough, being desirable to perform energy optimization of cloud services at the application level. In cloud computing a tailored configuration of services is deployed for each client (tenant), requiring different energy consumption optimizations. Indeed, energy consumption of cloud services depends on several factors determined by the context and usage of the applications. So, to evolve a cloud application to new requirements of energy efficiency implies to perform custom-made adaptations for each tenant. Thus, managing the evolution of a multi-tenant application with hundreds of tenants and thousands of different valid architectural configurations can become intractable if performed manually. This paper proposes a product line architecture approach that: (1) uses cardinality-based variability models to model each tenant as a clonable feature, and (2) automatizes the process of evolving the multi-tenant application architecture when the energy requirements change. The implemented process is efficient for a high number of tenants in a reasonable time.
Infectious Bronchitis: A Moving Target for Commercial Poultry Industry

The poultry industry is one of the most efficient and flourishing sectors of agriculture that not only provides cheaper protein (eggs, meat) but also contributes heavily to the country's economy. There are several challenges faced by the poultry industry worldwide. Among all these challenges, disease management has been a major problem. Infectious bronchitis viruses (IBVs) are RNA-based viruses having high recombination and mutation rates. IBVs are gamma coronaviruses affecting the upper respiratory tract of chickens. Due to the high rate of mutation and recombination, IBVs are very difficult to properly diagnose and control. Some serotype IBVs are extremely resistant, causing high economic losses in the form of excessive use of antibiotics after the eruption of secondary pathogens and mortality, but some serotype IBVs are limited to morbidity losses only. There are some control methods for IBVs and practicing effective vaccination and biosecurity measures is highly recommended. Exposure of IBVs to chicken flock postulates gateway to secondary pathogens, which also pass on to coming generations. This review paper provides updated research tools and methods to diagnose and control IBVs.
Future Changes in Tropical Cyclone Activity Projected by the New High-Resolution MRI-AGCM*

AbstractNew versions of the high-resolution 20- and 60-km-mesh Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) atmospheric general circulation models (MRI-AGCM version 3.2) have been developed and used to investigate potential future changes in tropical cyclone (TC) activity. Compared with the previous version (version 3.1), version 3.2 yields a more realistic simulation of the present-day (1979–2003) global distribution of TCs. Moreover, the 20-km-mesh model version 3.2 is able to simulate extremely intense TCs (categories 4 and 5), which is the first time a global climate model has been able to simulate such extremely intense TCs through a multidecadal simulation. Future (2075–99) projections under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) A1B scenario are conducted using versions 3.1 and 3.2, showing consistent decreases in the number of TCs globally and in both hemispheres as climate warms. Although projected future changes in basin-scale TC numbers show some differences between the two versions, t.
A novel system for the imaging of optical multipaths

The use of diffuse and line of sight optical radiation for wireless communications is an area of growing interest. In diffuse optical communications systems, light takes multiple paths from source to detector. Therefore knowledge of these multipaths is crucial to design of communications systems. In order to measure the characteristics of the optical channels a novel imaging system that records the frequency response of the indoor optical channel has been developed. The system uses a swept frequency laser source to illuminate the room and a large aperture telescope that concentrates incoming radiation onto a photomultiplier to receive it. Scanning of the receiver telescope yields data for all angles of arrival, allowing the angle-dependent frequency response to be obtained. Subsequent processing, using Fourier transform or superresolution techniques yields images of the arriving optical multipaths. In this paper the construction and characteristics of the imaging system are introduced. Frequency response measurements of a particular space, up to 750MHz, corresponding to approximately 1.5ns time resolution, are presented, together with images of light propagating within the coverage area.
Factors Affecting the Sustainability of Microfinance Institutions: A Case of Malawi Microfinance Institutions

Background: Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) have been used as a tool for poverty alleviation in many developing economies globally, including Malawi. However, their sustainability in many countries has been dependent solely on loan repayment, donor aid, and subsidies. Aim: This study aimed at investigating the factors that influence the sustainability of MFIs in Malawi. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from November to December 2020 among the MFIs employees in the central region of Malawi. Convenience and purposive sampling techniques were used to collect data online using a google form sent via social media platforms. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS software with Statistical significance placed at . 05. Results: 120 respondents completed the survey representing a 79.3% response rate, of which 63% were male. The majority of the respondents fell within the age group of 31-40 years, representing 58%, having attained universities and vocational colleges' education level, representing 32.8%. With an experience of above 16 years, representing 41.2% of which were branch managers, representing 49.6%. The results of the ordinary least square regression indicated that reporting and loan management system (RLMS) (β=0.200, P=0.021), corporate-governance (β=0.257, P=0.004), and commercialization (β=0.161, P=0.047) were positively significantly influencing the sustainability of MFI. On the other hand, loan design/type (β =-0.211, P=0.006), loan portfolio management (β =-0.179, P=0.050) were found to be negatively impacting the MFI. Lastly, variables of over-indebtedness (B= 0.077, P=0.426), loan disbursement (β =0.121, P=0.104) were found statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Our study argues that commercialization, standardized reporting, and effective loan portfolio management systems, stakeholder-based approach to corporate governance, and favored board independence through scale and cost management is critical to improving MFIs' financial sustainability.
ESTUDIO ENTEROPARASITOLÓGICO COMPARADO EN NIÑOS DE CURITIBA Y

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites among the children of Curitiba and Metropolitan area and examine the effect of the hygienic-sanitary and socioeconomic conditions of each area, comparing with a previous study done in 1996. The efficiency of the method used (Hoffman et al) was analysed comparing the results with others methods used in control groups (Ritchie and Kato-Katz). The total prevalence of intestinal parasites in all the studied schools was smaller than the prevalence of the study in 1996. The most prevalent species of protozoans were G. lamblia and E. Coli and of helminths were A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura. The correlation between the hygienic-sanitary and socioeconomic variables and the prevalence of intestinal parasites was analysed by use of the Chi square test. This study shows that even though the prevalence of intestinal parasites has decreased these infections are still an important health problem, at least in children, in tha anlized areas. Key words: intestinal parasites, brazilian school children, hygienic-sanitary survey, socioeconomic survey.
Vulnerability factors in panic disorder patients and their first-degree relatives : inquiries into carbon dioxide vulnerability, anxiety sensitivity, and respiratory pathology

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Correction to “Cold springs in permafrost on Earth and Mars”

Here we briefly summarize the derivation that follows from this correction. We are interested in determining the heat loss from a tube of water as it flows through permafrost (which is in a cyclic steady state) as shown schematically in Figure 1. Referring to Figure 1, we equate the heat lost from the water, _ mc[Tw(1) Tw(2)], to the heat flowing out through the sides of the pill box, f 2prD z, where Tw(1) is the temperature of the water at point 1, Tw(2) is the temperature of the water at point 2, z is the height of the pill box, r is the radius of the pill box, and f is the radial heat flow through the sides of the pill box and is approximated (cylindrical symmetry is approximately valid) by
Inteligentna przestrzeń – między smart building a smart city Smart space – between a smart building and a smart city

Nowadays, the term ‘smart city’ is one of the most popular and catchy phrases concerning the process of development of the urban tissue. Despite the fact that this phenomenon refers to processes which fall into the scope of interests of an architect / an urban planner, it goes beyond the competence of these professions. It is a manifest of smart reality based on digital networks and interactions that happen within them. Its occurrence was predicted in late 1980s by two concepts: the concept of ubiquitous computing, and the concept of the Internet of Things / Internet of Everything. Infrastructure of an intelligent city or building is not yet another ‘specialty’ taken into account in the course of designing. It is a broad, innovative approach, a tool which exerts a comprehensive influence on different aspects of the urban structure, including the social ones. Digital reality, manifested in networks of devices, sensors, and applications connected to the Internet, constitutes a smart space, which influences our lives, and simultaneously enables us to influence changes in the real world.
FC Portugal - High-level Coordination Methodologies in Soccer Robotics

This chapter presents the research performed in the context of FC Portugal project in the areas of agent architectures, coordination methodologies, coaching and agent development tools. FC Portugal’s research has been integrated in several teams that have participated with considerable success in distinct RoboCup leagues and competitions. The chapter includes a brief description of the main competitions in which FC Portugal has participated with focus in the simulation leagues and related challenges. It also presents some of the developed techniques and results achieved in controlled experiments. These results, together with the impressive record of results achieved by FC Portugal teams in RoboCup competitions show that the techniques developed can significantly improve any soccer robotics team performance.
Marine Regression and Palaeoenvironments During the Holocene in the Richardson River Basin, District of Mackenzie, N.W.T.

A detailed stratigraphie analysis was carried out on a river-bank section of late Quaternary marine sediments in the Richardson River Basin, N.W. T. The sedimentary sequence represents a gradual shallowing of the sea in an estuarine environment, from a relatively shallow marine facies to an intertidal environment. The withdrawal of the sea from the Richardson River Basin began prior to 10,300 years BP. Isostatic uplift caused the gradual regression of the sea to its present-day level. The marine sediments yielded 26 ostracode and 14 foraminifer species. Faunal evidence is indicative of brackish-water marginal marine conditions resulting from the dilution of nearshore marine waters by freshwater discharge from the many streams and rivers draining the basin of the Richardson River.
Selection and Design of an Axial Flow Fan

This work presents a methodology for the selection and design of propeller oriented to the experimental verification of theoretical results. The problem of propeller selection and design usually present itself in the following manner: a certain air volume and static pressure are required for a certain system. Once the necessity of fan design on a theoretical basis has been recognized, it is possible to determinate the dimensions for a fan unit so that it will perform in accordance with a certain set of specifications. The same procedures in this work then can be applied in other propeller selection. Keywords—airfoil, axial flow, blade, fan, hub, mathematical algorithm, propeller design, simulation, wheel.
Biochemical markers of cardiac dysfunction predict mortality in acute exacerbations of COPD

Background Retrospective studies suggest that plasma levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiac troponin T are often elevated in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are associated with increased mortality. These cardiac biomarkers were investigated in an unselected cohort of patients admitted to hospital with exacerbations of COPD. Methods Consecutive patients with physician-diagnosed COPD exacerbation but without clinical evidence of acute cardiac disease admitted to a public hospital over a 1 year period were studied prospectively. NT-proBNP and troponin T were measured on admission. The primary end point was all-cause mortality at 30 days. indicators. The pathophysiological basis for this is unknown, but indicates that cardiac involvement in exacerbations of COPD may be an important determinant of prognosis.
Impacts of land use/cover change on soil properties in the Mediterranean region of northwestern Jordan

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of deforestation on physical and chemical properties of soils under native forest in the Mediterranean region of northwestern Jordan. Land use/cover maps of 1953, 1978 and 2002 were interpreted and analysed within GIS to quantify the shift from forest to rainfed cultivation. Six sites were sampled in a non‐changed forest and in cultivated fields, three for each. Different soil properties of texture, bulk density, organic matter, total nitrogen, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), phosphorous and potassium were analysed. Results showed that many forests were changed into cultivated lands at a rate more than the reforestation. Subsequently, adverse effects on the studied physical and chemical properties were observed. The most affected properties were particle size distribution, bulk density of surface soil and subsoil. Organic matter and CEC decreased in cultivated soil as compared to the forest soil. Cultivated soils were found to exhibit a significantly lower status in physical and chemical soil properties as compared to forest soils. This general decline in the soil physical and chemical properties, in turn, contributed to soil erosion, reduction of soil fertility and land degradation.