Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The formation of ooids

Field and laboratory studies suggest that different types of ooids form during quiet and agitated water conditions. Both types have been synthesized in the laboratory. Quiet water types exhibit a radial orientation of carbonate crystals, whereas in those formed in agitated conditions, a tangential orientation is prevalent. Successful laboratory formation of quiet water ooids was accomplished in supersaturated seawater solutions containing humic acids. Negative results were obtained from strictly inorganic solutions, and from those containing simple amino acids, single proteins, mixtures of proteins or mucopolysaccharides, soil and sediment extracts. Partly successful results were obtained using an organic extract from Bahamian ooids. The organic parameters most important in quiet water ooid formation are molecular weight, the presence of carboxyl groups and an ability to participate in hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions, all of which are critical to membrane formation. Membranes form concentric shells which act as growth surfaces for carbonate and also induce the periodicity in carbonate precipitation. Ooids exhibiting a tangential orientation of batten-like crystals have been synthesized under conditions of agitation, supersaturation and without the intervention of organic processes during the precipitation. Complete growth may be divided into agitation, resting and sleeping stages In the agitation stage, quartz nuclei induce an inorganic, heterogeneous nucleation from a supersaturated solution, which finally ceases as a result of Mg2+ and possibly H+ poisoning of the carbonate surfaces. No further precipitation occurs until the crystal surfaces are reactivated by removal of Mg2+ and H+ during the resting stage. Following a series of agitation and resting stages, precipitation is inhibited by a degree of poisoning which is not totally removed during the resting stage. For further growth, a new substrate is required and is provided by the development of organic membranes around the grains. This occurs when the grains are buried in the subsurface, the period of organic growth constituting the sleeping stage. Only 2% of an ooid's life is spent growing in the agitated environment, while 95% of its life is spent accreting organic membranes in the subsurface. Our experimental work indicates that ooids of Bahamian type are inorganic precipitates. The tangential arrangement of battens is the result of suspension in an environment where the degree of turbulence is sufficient to induce grain to grain contact of sufficient strength and frequency to inhibit any crystal growth other than tangential. The role of organics is to provide a substrate for further growth after precipitation has slowed to a point when no further accretion is occurring.
Analysis of Electricity Safety in Scientific Research and Production Sites: A Novel HMM-VA-based Knowledge Graph Approach

The electricity load in scientific research and production sites is large, and the impact of electrical safety accidents is difficult to estimate. It is crucial to analyze the potential safety hazards and causes of safety accidents in these sites. Most of the traditional methods are generally realized through gradual troubleshooting of low-voltage terminal distribution system, power quality of electrical equipment, grounding system, but these methods are difficult to quickly and accurately determine the characteristics of hidden trouble. For this reason, this paper proposes an analysis method of potential safety hazards of power consumption in scientific research and production sites based on knowledge graph. Firstly, this paper extracts the unstructured security risk data and constructs an elastic search (ES) to store the risk data. Secondly, we utilized the Chineseword segmentation model based on self-attention mechanism-guided by syntactic dependency (AM-GSD) for word segmentation training on data within the engine and implemented the annotation of hidden entity word segmentation. Finally, this paper uses Neo4j Graph database to build a knowledge graph of power safety hazards, and realizes the analysis of power safety hazards in scientific research and production sites. The method proposed in this paper has been tested and verified by the actual data of safe power utilization in a scientific research site. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively display and retrieve hidden danger data.
Hydrothermal alteration of Phosphoria mudstones [Montana]

Samples of phosphatic mudstone collected from several measured sections in the Retort Phosphatic Shale Member of the Phosphoria Formation near Divide, Montana, contain an abundance of montmorillonite, locally associated with kaolinite and talc. Of several possible modes of origin, hydrothermal alteration of pre-existing illite to montmorillonite best accords with related geologic phenomena, including the presence of intrusives within and/or adjacent to the formation, the associated hydrothermal alteration of the underlying dolomite to talc, the associated low-grade metamorphism of the phosphatic mudstone itself, the network of calcite and quartz veins within the mudstone, and the association of talc and montmorillonite. The kaolinite, which occurs in very carbonaceous mudstones, may be (1) further hydrothermal alteration of montmorillonite, (2) an authigenic mineral formed in a restricted part of the Retort Basin with acidic bottom conditions, or (3) a detrital mineral.
EMI Measurement and Reduction for SiC MOSFET based Motor Drivers of Electric Vehicles

The SiC MOSFET based motor drivers is widely ultilized in 800V high voltage electric vehicles platform. This paper study on the EMI measurement and reduction of SiC MOSFET based electric vehicles motor drivers. The measurement include radiated emission, conducted emission and shaft voltage. Based on the measured results, the low-cost EMI reduction schemes are studied, which include high-voltage circuit shield, low-voltage circuit shield, filtering and using shield CAN cable. Experimental results show that the EMI has significant reduction with using the proposed schemes.
Application of Continuous Time Link Prediction in Traceability of Water Environment Pollution

With the rapid development of production and consumption, water pollution incidents are increasing day by day. Point source pollution is the main way for pollutants to enter rivers, and identifying pollution sources is very important for water pollution management. This paper concretizes the problem of pollution source tracing, uses scientific algorithms to transform it into a link prediction problem, and proposes a continuous dynamic link prediction algorithm. The model learns the representation of the time dynamic information of monitoring points and pollution point sources, and predicts the links of nodes through classifiers. Using the monitoring data of water pollution in Fuxin City, the feasibility of the model is verified.
A Squeeze-and-Excitation and Transformer Based Model for Remaining Useful Life Prediction in Ion Mill Etching Process

In semiconductor manufacturing, ion mill etching (IME) is an emerging technique that uses ion-beam sources to remove materials to a certain depth, which requires a high degree of stability and precision. Accurate prediction of the remaining useful life (RUL), which provides a significant tool for fault diagnosis, is essential for maintenance scheduling and health management in IME process. However, RUL prediction is a challenging task, as the distribution of effective information is uneven and the degradation trend is unclear in the process. Recently, data-driven methods are widely applied in RUL prediction, due to their ability in extracting key features from the condition monitoring data without prior knowledge. Most deep learning based models treat the data collected from different sensors independently, without considering the dependencies across the sensor channels. To solve the above problems, this study proposes a squeeze-and-excitation and Transformer based model for RUL prediction. The squeeze-and-excitation module enables the re-calibration of feature weights to make more efficient use of important features and suppress useless features. The improved Transformer network is applied to have a stronger ability for temporal feature extraction. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the results show that the performance of our model is better than other competitive methods.
Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis Using Retinal Fundus Images through MobileNetV3

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a major disease throughoutthe world. Diagnosis of diabetes at an early stage is so critical and could help save several lifestyles. One out of two individuals experiencing diabetes has been determined to have some phase of DR. Recognition of DR symptoms in time can turn away the vision weakness inmost the cases, nonetheless, such disclosure is troublesome with present devices and strategies. Existingmethods for determining whether a person is suffering from diabetes or maybe the chances of acquiring diabetesrely heavily on examiners. Most of the time, it can be treated if caught during the early stages. There is a need for creating models that are efficient and robust to detect DR holistically. In recent times the advent of Deep learning models has been used extensively in various Bio medical applications. In this work, we utilize a Hyper parameter tuned MobileNet-V3 model based on a multi-stage Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to efficiently classify images from the IRDID dataset. A Multiclass classification model involving images collated from various sources were trained, validated and tested for classification accuracy. The network was evaluated based on parameters and the network was able to achieve an accuracy of 88.6%
The potential roles of biological soil crusts in dryland hydrologic cycles

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are the dominant living cover in many drylands of the world. They possess many features that can influence different aspects of local hydrologic cycles, including soil porosity, absorptivity, roughness, aggregate stability, texture, pore formation, and water retention. The influence of biological soil crusts on these factors depends on their internal and external structure, which varies with climate, soil, and disturbance history. This paper presents the different types of biological soil crusts, discusses how crust type likely influences various aspects of the hydrologic cycle, and reviews what is known and not known about the influence of biological crusts on sediment production and water infiltration versus runoff in various drylands around the world. Most studies examining the effect of biological soil crusts on local hydrology are done by comparing undisturbed sites with those recently disturbed by the researchers. Unfortunately, this greatly complicates interpretation of the results. Applied disturbances alter many soil features such as soil texture, roughness, aggregate stability, physical crusting, porosity, and bulk density in ways that would not necessarily be the same if crusts were not naturally present. Combined, these studies show little agreement on how biological crusts affect water infiltration or runoff. However, when studies are separated by biological crust type and utilize naturally occurring differences among these types, results indicate that biological crusts in hyperarid regions reduce infiltration and increase runoff, have mixed effects in arid regions, and increase infiltration and reduce runoff in semiarid cool and cold drylands. However, more studies are needed before broad generalizations can be made on how biological crusts affect infiltration and runoff. We especially need studies that control for sub‐surface soil features such as bulk density, micro‐ and macropores, and biological crust structure. Unlike the mixed effects of biological crusts on infiltration and runoff among regions, almost all studies show that biological crusts reduce sediment production, regardless of crust or dryland type.Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Research on improved switching inductive Z-source inverters

Due to the small boost gain and high capacitive voltage stress of convention-al Z-source inverters (ZSI), they are not well suited to new energy generation applications. An Improved switched inductive Z-source inverter (ISL-ZSI) threephase structure topology is investigated. The ISL-ZSI topology is based on the switched inductor Z-source inverter (SL-ZSI) by replacing the diodes in the switched inductor with capacitors, changing the connection order of the components in its switched inductor module and combining them to form two high boost units, which gives the impedance source network section a higher boost factor. Based on the theoretical analysis, a maximum boost con-trol modulation strategy is adopted and simulations are carried out using Matlab/Simulink. The verification results show that the ISL-ZSI topology is superior to the ZSI topology in terms of boosting capability, and effectively reduces the capacitive voltage stress, making the ISL-ZSI better suited for new energy generation applications.
A joint atmosphere‐ocean inversion for the estimation of seasonal carbon sources and sinks

We have estimated global surface fluxes of carbon dioxide for the period 1992–1996 using an inverse approach that sequentially considers four constraints: (1) atmospheric CO2, (2) ocean interior DIC (dissolved inorganic carbon) interpreted through an ocean interior inversion and surface ocean pCO2 (partial pressure of CO2), (3) annual prior fluxes for selected land regions, and (4) atmospheric model selection based on vertical transport skill. Estimated fluxes are monthly resolved for each of the 22 Transcom regions over land and ocean. The ocean constraint is particularly valuable, as it does not only add prior information about air‐sea fluxes to the inversion problem but also preserves the regional variance‐covariance structure from the underlying ocean interior inversion. It allows to constrain annual oceanic uptake of 1.8 PgCyr−1 to within 0.2 PgCyr−1, which implies a net annual land uptake of 1.3 (±0.3) PgCyr−1. Furthermore, it leads to a pronounced asymmetry in the seasonal pattern of global land uptake, which was not seen in previous atmosphere‐only inversions. Tropical land is consistently estimated to be a source of carbon, though the source magnitude is reduced as more constraints are applied. With all four constraints, the inversion suggests a net tropical source of 1.1 (±0.9) PgCyr−1, which is comparable to global estimates of deforestation rates in tropical forests and therefore implies an annually balanced tropical land biosphere flux. This balance is not found, however, at the regional level: For the Amazonian region and after accounting for deforestation, we find a biospheric source of 0.6 (±0.5) PgCyr−1. This is at the upper range of estimates from bottom‐up methods, which tend to identify the region as a sink.
Checkmate: Fault Timing Localization for Multi-Robot Scenarios

The development of control software for large-scale, complex systems remains a challenge. Control software development typically involves simulation or experimental testing to verify that system requirements are satisfied. However, if these tests detect failure data, that is, data that do not satisfy system requirements, the developer needs to perform system behavior analysis, fault localization and system modification. This process can be time-consuming and may require domain-specific knowledge. In this paper, we propose the Checkmate Timing Detection (CMTD) method to support the localization of unexpected behavior that causes failure. CMTD identifies anomalous behavior of the failure data by analyzing data obtained during the testing phase. The method can be utilized without specialized domain-specific knowledge. To demonstrate the approach, CMTD is applied to autonomous mobile robots operating in an indoor environment. We demonstrate through experimental evaluation that faulty system behaviors are accurately detected in a number of scenarios. The proposed method may also be utilized in control software applications and is expected to accelerate the software development process.
BORON ADSORPTION BY VOLCANIC ASH SOILS IN SOUTHERN CHILE

ABSTRACTBoron adsorption characteristics of “allophanic” soils derived from volcanic ash were studied in samples collected in central-southern Chile.he general technique for boron adsorption was based on the use of selected parameters such as 2.50 g of moist soil equilibrated with 25.0 ml of solutio
“Who’s a od bot?!” Designing Human-Robot Teaching Interactions spired by g aining

Recent work in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) investigates the role of human users as teachers from which robots can ﬂexibly learn new personalised skills through interaction. However, existing human-robot teaching methods remain largely unintuitive for the end user and require signiﬁcant effort to adapt to the way the robot learns. This paper envisions the use of dog training methods as a starting point for HRI researchers to develop more intuitive interactions between human teachers and robot learners. We provide a design framework (called FETCH-R) aimed at guiding the conception of interactions between human teachers and robot learners inspired by dog training. This work paves the way towards the use of animal training as an inspiration to create human-robot teaching protocols that promote engagement, ease-of-use, and fosters human-robot relationships.
Chiral Inversion of Active Compounds in Plant Extract

Chiral inversion is always mediated by enzymes and varies with solvent, pH and temperature. Considerable attention should be paid to the mechanism of the inversion reaction and its pharmacological and toxicological results. This chapter will discuss the mechanism of chiral inversion of plants in secondary metabolize and its importance in creating pharmacology consequences. Plant stereoisomers of alkaloids and flavonoids exhibit a wide range of pharmacological effects. Recent advances in chiral analysis for the herbal plants in clinical research & forensic toxicology by experiments in which one enantiomer was given to the experiment subjects in a specific situation. Demonstration of metabolic chiral inversion may have consequences for the development of a new pharmaceutical entity. Hence, it helps a better understanding of chiral compounds in plants, facilitating the application for drug development from medicinal herbs and thereby reducing bioanalytical and toxicology workload.
Geological geophysics: the bedrock conductivity structure of the UK from AEM data

Geological geophysics essentially refers to any geophysical map that is based on, or classified according to, existing geological knowledge. Here the geological classification of UK bedrock conductivity, derived from 5 airborne EM surveys conducted over 10 years is assessed. At a scale of 1:625k the UK digital bedrock geological lexicon comprises just 86 lithological classifications. The lowest common AEM frequency of 3 kHz is found to provide an 87% coverage (by area) of the UK lithologies. The geological classification is then extended to provide a new and complete 1:625k UK map of the near-surface bedrock conductivitity. Geological classifications inherently address grain size and clay/silt content of rock and these parameters also underpin theoretical descriptions of the materials electrical properties. When AEM conductivity data are examined on the basis of geological classification, they are found to be information rich. The challenge remains to successfully relate the bulk geophysical property variations to potentially more revealing lithological and physical characteristics.
Kinetics and mechanism of antigorite dehydration: Implications for subduction zone seismicity

Properties of serpentine minerals are thought to influence the occurrence and location of intermediate‐depth seismicity in subduction zones, which is often characterized by two dipping planes separated by ∼30 km defining a double seismic zone. The seismicity of the lower plane is believed to be provoked by the dehydration of serpentine since the experimentally determined stability limit for antigorite matches hypocenter locations. This requires that the fluid produced by dehydration is released much faster than the typical time scale of ductile deformation mechanisms. Here we measured the kinetics of antigorite dehydration in situ at high pressure and high temperature by time‐resolved synchrotron X‐ray diffraction in a closed system. Antigorite dehydrates in two steps. During step 1 it partially breaks down into olivine and a hydrous phyllosilicate closely related to the 10 A phase. The modal abundance of the intermediate assemblage is described by 66 wt % antigorite, 19 wt % olivine, 12 wt % 10 A phase. During step 2 at higher temperature, the remaining antigorite and the 10 A phase fully dehydrate. From the analysis of reaction progress data, we determined that the major release of aqueous fluid occurs during step 2 at a fast rate of 10−4 mfluid 3 mrock −3 s−1. This exceeds by orders of magnitude the typical time scale of deformation by ductile mechanisms of any mineral or rock in the subducting slab or in the overlying mantle wedge. These results suggest that the fast dehydration of antigorite may well trigger the seismicity of the lower plane of the double seismic zone.
Caradocian land plant microfossils from Libya

The oldest paleontologically well-dated spore tetrads and cuti-clelike sheets of cells have been recovered from beds of Caradoc (mid-Ordovician) age from boreholes in the Murzuk (Murzuq) and Rhadames (Ghadāmis) Basins of western Libya. These microfossils together with late Llandovery–early Wenlock vascular plant megafossils (lycophytes and Psilophyton ) known from Libya lead us to conclude that land plants, including vascular plants, probably had a long pre-Silurian record, extending at least into the basal Caradocian. Additonal evidence suggests that this record does not extend as far back as the earlier Late Cambrian (Dresbachian).
Visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy of pyroxene-bearing rocks: New constraints for understanding planetary surface compositions

[1] Laboratory visible and near-infrared reflectance spectra of solid rock slabs, mineral separates and systematic mixtures were simultaneously investigated. We apply an empirical approach to evaluate spectra, in order to achieve qualitative and quantitative information. We use cumulates (mostly norites, leuconorites, melanorites and anorthosites) belonging to the Bjerkreim-Sokndal Layered Intrusion, a sequence of genetically related rocks with simple textures. Laboratory spectra are measured on slightly polished rock slabs in the 350- to 2500-nm interval and directional-hemispherical reflectance geometry. Composition is determined using traditional techniques other than reflectance spectroscopy. We find that: (1) band minima measured on rock spectra are strongly influenced by the concurrent effects due to modal abundance of the spectroscopically active mineral and mineral chemistry; (2) band depths can be used for semiquantitative analyses, limited to the set of rocks investigated; (3) the spectral parameters derived from powdered pyroxene are in agreement with previously published calibrations; (4) the mineral mixture systematics can be reasonably considered as linear, when pyroxene is mixed with neutral components; and (5) the empirical evaluation of solid rock surface spectra needs further insights to give a great improvement to planetary researches. In addition, genetic sequences of rocks should be investigated in detail to help the geological interpretation of planetary evolution. Therefore more laboratory and analytical studies are required in order to understand the influence of composition and petrographic textures on the spectral analysis.