COMPARISON OF LEVELS OF TWENTY CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN NORMAL THYROID TISSUE AND HYPERTROPHIC THYROID TISSUE

Background: Goiter can appear as a palpable or visible enlargement of the thyroid gland at the base of the neck. If the goiter is accompanied by hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, it may be accompanied by symptoms of the underlying disorder, and nodular goiter (NG) is a health problem of international importance. The aim of this exploratory study was to assess whether there were significant changes in thyroid tissue levels of twenty chemical elements (ChE) Al, B, Ba, Br, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, I, K, Li, Mg, Mn , Na, P, S, Si, Sr, V, and Zn are present in the goitrous transformed thyroid. Methods: Thyroid tissue level of twenty ChE was prospectively evaluated in 46 patients with NG and 105 healthy populations. The measurements were performed using a combination of non-destructive and destructive methods: instrumental neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, respectively. Tissue samples were divided into two parts. One was used for morphological study while the other was for ChE analysis. Results: It was found that contents of Al, B, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Si, V, and Zn are significantly higher while the I levels are lower in NG than in normal tissues. Conclusion: There are considerable changes in ChE contents in goitrous tissue of thyroid. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that the levels of these ChE in thyroid tissue can be used as NG markers. However, this topic needs additional studies. Peer Review History: Received: 19 July 2021; Revised: 11 August; Accepted: 4 September, Available online: 15 September 2021 Academic Editor: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac. id UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewers: Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net. ye Prof. Cyprian Ogbonna ONYEJI, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, conyeji@oauife.edu. ng Similar Articles: VITAMIN A, RETINOIC ACID AND TAMIBAROTENE, A FRONT TOWARD ITS ADVANCES: A REVIEW