Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation of melting of two-dimensional Lennard-Jones solids

We study the nature of melting of a two-dimensional (2D) Lennard-Jones solid using large-scale Monte Carlo simulation. We use systems of up to 102 400 particles to capture the decay of the correlation functions associated with translational order (TO) as well as the bond-orientational (BO) order. We study the role of dislocations and disclinations and their distribution functions. We computed the temperature dependence of the second moment of the TO parameter (${\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{G}$) as well as of the order parameter ${\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{6}$ associated with BO order. By applying finite-size scaling of these second moments, we determined the anomalous dimension critical exponents $\ensuremath{\eta}(T)$ and ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{6}(T)$ associated with power-law decay of the ${\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{G}$ and ${\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{6}$ correlation functions. We also computed the temperature-dependent distribution of the order parameters ${\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{G}$ and ${\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{6}$ on the complex plane that supports a two-stage melting with a hexatic phase as an intermediate phase. From the correlation functions of ${\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{G}$ and ${\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{6}$, we extracted the corresponding temperature-dependent correlation lengths $\ensuremath{\xi}(T)$ and ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{6}(T)$. The analysis of our results leads to a consistent picture strongly supporting a two-stage melting scenario as predicted by the Kosterlitz, Thouless, Halperin, Nelson, and Young (KTHNY) theory where melting occurs via two continuous phase transitions, first from solid to a hexatic fluid at temperature ${T}_{m}$, and then from the hexatic fluid to an isotropic fluid at a critical temperature ${T}_{i}$. We find that $\ensuremath{\xi}(T)$ and ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{6}(T)$ have a distinctly different temperature dependence, each diverging at different temperature, and that their finite-size scaling properties are consistent with the KTHNY theory. We also used the temperature dependence of $\ensuremath{\eta}$ and ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{6}$ and their theoretical bounds to provide estimates for the critical temperatures ${T}_{m}$ and ${T}_{i}$, which can also be estimated using the Binder ratio. Our results are within error bars, the same as those extracted from the divergence of the correlation lengths.
Structure of laser-crystallized Ge2Sb2+xTe5 sputtered thin films for use in optical memory

The structure of laser-crystallized thin films of Ge2Sb2+xTe5 (0.0<x⩽1.0) formed by the sputtering method were identified by x-ray diffraction studies to be composed of two phases: one phase is chiefly NaCl type crystal with a lattice constant of about 6 A and a composition corresponding to Ge2Sb2Te5; the other phase comprises a small amount of an amorphous component such as Sb metal. Results of the Rietveld and the whole-powder-pattern fitting analyses show good agreement when assuming that (i) the 4(a) site is wholly occupied by only Te, (ii) the 4(b) site is randomly occupied by Ge or Sb atoms, and (iii) a little less than 20% of the 4(b) site is always vacant independent of the x value. The above results and the fact that halo noise rises with x increasing from 0.0 to 1.0 indicate a more precise model of crystal structure as follows. That is, Sb atoms added beyond the stoichiometric ratio, Ge2Sb2Te5, never fill up the vacancies of the 4(b) site in the NaCl type structure; the excess Sb atoms will rema.
WARM JUPITERS FROM SECULAR PLANET–PLANET INTERACTIONS

Most warm Jupiters (gas-giant planets with 0.1 au ≲ a ≲ 1 au) have pericenter distances that are too large for significant orbital migration by tidal friction. We study the possibility that the warm Jupiters are undergoing secular eccentricity oscillations excited by an outer companion (a planet or star) in an eccentric and/or mutually inclined orbit. In this model, the warm Jupiters migrate periodically, in the high-eccentricity phase of the oscillation, but are typically observed at lower eccentricities. We show that in this model the steady-state eccentricity distribution of the warm Jupiters is approximately flat, which is consistent with the observed distribution if we restrict the sample to warm Jupiters with detected outer planetary companions. The eccentricity distribution of warm Jupiters without companions exhibits a peak at e ≲ 0.2 that must be explained by a different formation mechanism. Based on a population synthesis study, we find that high-eccentricity migration excited by an outer planetary companion (1) can account for ∼ 20 % of the warm Jupiters and most of the warm Jupiters with e ≳ 0.4 ; and (2) can produce most of the observed population of hot Jupiters, with a semimajor axis distribution that matches the observations, but fails to account adequately for ∼ 60 % of hot Jupiters with projected obliquities ≲ 20 ° . Thus ∼ 20 % of the warm Jupiters and ∼ 60 % of the hot Jupiters can be produced by high-eccentricity migration. We also provide predictions for the expected mutual inclinations and spin-orbit angles of the planetary systems with hot and warm Jupiters produced by high-eccentricity migration.
Pandemic productivity in academia: using ecological momentary assessment to explore the impact of COVID-19 on research productivity

ABSTRACT The unequal effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting lockdowns on mothers around the world were identified as a concern in the early months of the pandemic. Almost immediately, women decreased work hours and women researchers reported reductions in research time as research publications by women dropped precipitously. In order to examine day-to-day activities of academics during June and July 2020 in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, we utilised Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to ask 130 academics around the world about their current activities at six random times per day over the course of one week. Results showed that parents, especially mothers, were less likely to have uninterrupted work time and that mothers were 3 times more likely than fathers to multitask, nearly 5 times more likely than fathers to multitask while caring for children and 4.25 times more likely than fathers to be caring for children when contacted. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on academic mothers has many long-term implications on career progression and alleviating this gendered impact should be a priority for adminstrators worldwide.
Evaluate the effects of rare earth elements on sweet pepper seeds germination process, seedlings growth and plants productivity

This experiment was conducted to investigate the response of pepper seeds germination process and vegetative growth traits in seedlings stages as well as plant growth and productivity of open field to rare earth elements (REEs) i.e., cerium nitrate, neodymium nitrate, and praseodymium nitrate at concentrations of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm. Among the various REEs treatments, cerium nitrate at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm were more significantly effective than others in increasing most of the seedling parameters and 1.5 ppm cerium nitrate exhibited the maximum effect in germination characteristics with no significant differences among 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ppm cerium nitrate as well as 1.5 ppm neodymium in all germination parameters in both seasons. The superiority of vegetative growth, fruit physical and total yield as well as fruit chemical content (ascorbic acid and carbohydrates) were obtained with neodymium followed by praseodymium foliar spray applications with compared to cerium or control treatments. The foliar spray treatment of 1.5 ppm neodymium nitrate exhibited an increment up to 54.1, 23.7, 29.5, and 33.1% over that observed in the control of average fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length, and total yield, respectively.
Neotropical Sylvatic Mosquitoes and Aedes aegypti Are Not Competent to Transmit 17DD Attenuated Yellow Fever Virus from Vaccinated Viremic New World Non-Human Primates

Beside humans, thousands of non-human primates (NHPs) died during the recent outbreak caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV) in Brazil. Vaccination of NHPs against YFV with the YF 17DD attenuated virus has emerged as a public health strategy, as it would reduce sylvatic transmission while also preserving endangered susceptible species. The hypothesis of establishing an uncontrolled transmission of this attenuated virus in nature was raised. We assessed vector competence of four sylvatic mosquito species, Haemagogus leucocelaenus, Haemagogus janthinomys/capricornii, Sabethes albiprivus, and Sabethes identicus, as well as the urban vector Aedes aegypti for YF 17DD attenuated vaccine virus when fed directly on eleven viremic lion tamarins or artificially challenged with the same virus. No infection was detected in 689 mosquitoes engorged on viremic lion tamarins whose viremia ranged from 1.05 × 103 to 6.61 × 103 FFU/mL, nor in those artificially taking ≤ 1 × 103 PFU/mL. Low viremia presented by YF 17DD-vaccinated New World NHPs combined with the low capacity and null dissemination ability in sylvatic and domestic mosquitoes of this attenuated virus suggest no risk of its transmission in nature. Thus, vaccination of captive and free-living NHPs against YFV is a safe public health strategy.
The multi-wavelength view of Hot, Massive Stars Liège, 12 – 16 July 2010

The high luminosities of massive stars drive strong stellar winds, through line scattering of the star’s continuum radiation. This paper reviews the dynamics of such line driving, building first upon the standard CAK model for steady winds, and deriving the associated analytic scalings for the mass loss rate and wind velocity law. It next summarizes the origin and nature of the strong Line-Deshadowing Instability (LDI) intrinsic to such line-driving, including also the role of a diffuse-line-drag effect that stabilizes the wind base, and then decribes how both instability and drag are incorporated in the Smooth Source Function (SSF) method for time-dependent simulations of the nonlinear evolution of the resulting wind structure. The review concludes with a discussion of the effect of the resulting extensive structure in temperature, density and velocity for interpreting observational diagnostics. In addition to the usual clumping effect on density-squared diagnostics, the spatial porosity of optically thick clumps can reduce single-density continuum absorption, and a kind of velocity porosity, or vorocity, can reduce the absorption strength of spectral lines. An overall goal is to illuminate the rich physics of radiative driving and the challenges that lie ahead in developing dynamical models for the often complex structure and variability of hot-star winds.
Lithium abundance evolution in open clusters: Hyades, NGC752, and M67

Mixing mechanisms bring the Li from the base of the convective zone to deeper and warmer layers where it is destroyed. These mechanisms are investigated by comparing observations of Li abundances in stellar atmospheres to models of stellar evolution. Observations in open cluster are especially suitable for this comparison, since their age and metallicity are homogeneous among their members and better determined than in field stars. In this work, we compare the evolution of Li abundances in three different clusters: the Hyades, NGC752, and M67. Our models are calculated with microscopic diffusion and transport of chemicals by meridional circulation, and calibrated on the Sun. These comparisons allow us to follow the evolution of Li abundance as a function of stellar mass in each cluster and as a function of the age by comparing this evolution in each cluster. We evaluate the efficiency of the mixing mechanisms used in the models, and we try to identify the lacking mechanisms to reproduce the observed evolution of Li abundance.
The Hodge cohomology of a conformally compact metric

On etudie le Laplacien de Hogde agissant sur des k-formes differentielles pour une classe de varietes de Riemann completes a courbure sectionnelle negative proche de l'infini. Ces varietes ont des compactifications C ∞ sur lesquelles la metrique est conforme a une metrique lisse jusqu'au bord avec un facteur conforme ρ −2 , ρ une fonction definissante pour le bord
Sequential left internal mammary artery grafting in combination with the aortic no-touch technique

Aim This study aimed to investigate the short-term outcomes achieved with off-pump bypass combined with the aortic no-touch technique where sequential anastomoses between the left internal mammary artery (LIMA), left anterior descending (LAD) and diagonal artery were employed. Material and methods A total of 583 patients (mean age 63, 80% male) who underwent off-pump bypass (LIMA-diagonal-LAD sequential) were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. Data regarding the frequency of in-hospital postoperative complications, intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) and inotropic agent requirement, re-exploration for bleeding, and length of hospital stay were collected. Anastomosis patency was evaluated in 49 patients who underwent angiography. Results 2.6% of the participants received inotropic agents and 0.5% required IABP. Frequency of acute renal failure, sternal wound infection, cerebrovascular event, respiratory failure, and hemodialysis was less than 1% in total. Among the 49 patients undergoing angiography at an average 41 ±17 months after bypass, the LIMA-LAD was patent in 98% and the LIMA-diagonal was patent in 84% of the subjects. Preoperative left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and recent myocardial infarction (MI) prior to bypass were significantly correlated with postoperative IABP and inotropic agent requirement (r = 0.165, p < 0.01 for LVEF, p = 0.021 for recent MI). Conclusions Off-pump bypass in combination with the aortic no-touch technique is associated with favorable postoperative outcomes including reduced postoperative stroke, renal dysfunction, IABP, and inotropic agent requirement compared to the results of previous randomized prospective studies published in the literature.
An Integrated Trajectory Planning and Motion Control Strategy of a Variable Rotational Speed Pump-Controlled Electro-Hydraulic Actuator

This article proposes an integrated two-loop motion control strategy of an electro-hydraulic actuator, in which the cylinder actuator is driven by a variable speed pump to track a desired trajectory. The control strategy combines constrained trajectory planning (outer loop) with nonlinear motion control (inner loop) to achieve accurate trajectory tracking of electro-hydraulic actuators under constraints. A nonlinear filter-type trajectory planner is utilized as the outer loop to synthesize the optimal trajectory, reaching the desired reference with the minimum time while fulfilling the constraints. A full-state constraints assignment approach is proposed, including motion and pressure state constraints. Furthermore, to accurately track the synthesized trajectory of the outer loop, a model-based adaptive robust backstepping motion controller is designed as the inner loop, which can realize guaranteed robustness and high accuracy of the trajectory tracking in the presence of dynamic nonlinearities and parametric uncertainties of the electro-hydraulic actuator. Experiments with contrast control strategies and practical trajectories are conducted, which comprehensively verify the advantages of the proposed integrated two-loop control strategy.
THE ROLE OF NOVEL PROMOTERS IN Igf2 GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION

Genomic imprinting occurs when only one allele of a gene is expressed depending on its parental origin. The imprinted Igf2 gene (Insulin-like growth factor 2) encodes a growth factor that plays an important role in embryonic development and formation of the placenta. The regulation and expression of Igf2 are carried out by different promoters. The promoter expression is extremely complex in wild-type mice during development and is altered in several mutant mice that have deletions at the Igf2/H19 locus. In this experiment, two newly discovered promoters were Pm and Pm2. The expression levels of these two promoters were investigated in different tissues, such as the tongue, kidney, muscle and liver of wild-type mice. We investigated the imprinting levels of the two promoters simultaneously, and they were both highly expressed on the allele derived from the father. All these RNAs were reversely transcribed to cDNA before quantifying the expression levels of the promoters by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Our results show that the transcriptions of the Igf2 Pm and Pm2 promoters are the highest in epidermal tissue. That is why they are named Pm and Pm2 (mesoderme).
Dielectric Relaxation of 4-Cyanophenyl 4'-n-Decyloxybenzoate in the Isotropic, Nematic, and Smectic A Phases

The paper presents the results of the dielectric relaxation study performed for the isotropic, nematic, and smectic A phases of 4-cyanophenyl 4'-n-decyloxybenzoate (C 10 H21 O—Ph—COO—Ph—C≡N, CP1ODB) in the frequency range from 100 kHz to 100 MHz. In the nematic and smectic A phases the permittivity was measured with the probing electric field E parallel to the macroscopic molecular orientation (the director n). The recorded dielectric spectra correspond to the rotation of CP1ODB molecules around the short axis and can be quite well described in the framework of the Debye model. It was found that the values of the activation energy for the molecular reorientations in the isotropic and smectic A phases of CP1ODB are quite close to each other, whereas in the nematic phase the energy is remarkably higher. PACS numbers: 64.70. Md, 77.84. Nh, 77.22. Gm
q-vertex operator from 5D Nekrasov function

The five-dimensional AGT correspondence implies the connection between the q-deformed Virasoro block and the 5d Nekrasov partition function. In this paper, we determine a q-deformation of the four-point block in the Coulomb gas representation from the 5d Nekrasov function, and obtain an expression of the q-deformed vertex operator. If we use only one kind of the q-vertex operators, one of the insertion points of them must be modified in order to hold the 2d/5d correspondence.
Migrant Women’s Health and Safety: Why Do Ethiopian Women Choose Irregular Migration to the Middle East for Domestic Work?

Background: Low-wage labour migration is an increasing determinant of global health, associated with risks of exploitation, abuse, and unsafe conditions. Despite efforts to prevent irregular migration and initiatives to warn individuals of the risks of trafficking, many migrants still opt for irregular channels, particularly women seeking jobs as domestic workers. Ethiopia is one of the largest source countries for female migrants entering the domestic labour market in the Middle East. This qualitative study explored migration decision making by Ethiopian women traveling to the Middle East for domestic labour, focusing on the use of irregular channels. Methods: We conducted semistructured interviews with policy stakeholders, migration recruiters, and returnee domestic workers. Results: We identified three main themes that help explain decision making by female migrants and their communities. First, women were not always clear whether they were using legally approved processes, particularly because of the range of individuals involved in arranging migration plans. Second, irregular migration was seen to be quicker and easier than regular migration procedures. Third, study participants believed the risks between irregular and regular migration were similar. Conclusion: Our study highlights challenges associated with antitrafficking initiatives that discourage irregular migration and suggests new perspectives to address the health risks linked to labour migration.
Chinese Citizens' Impression of India and the Influencing Factors: An Empirical Study Based on a Survey in 2020

Impressions towards foreign countries increasingly play an important role in international relations. While much research has been conducted on other countries' impressions of China and China's impressions of European and American countries, little research has been conducted on Chinese citizens' impressions of India, which is also a mega-developing country. By exploring Chinese citizens' impressions and the influencing factors towards India, it is important to enrich both research and foreign policy formulation in the area of international trust. This study uses descriptive analysis and logistic regression modelling to investigate the factors influencing Chinese citizen's impressions of India through the framework of social identity, political efficacy, political participation, media socialisation, and intergroup contact, based on data from the India sub-subject of the public questionnaire survey conducted by the 2020 ‘Chinese View of the European Union (EU)’ project. The study's findings show that patriotic tendencies are the most influential factor in Chinese citizens' impressions of India. The study results show that variables such as patriotic tendencies, social satisfaction, frequency of internet use, and religious acceptance strongly influence Chinese citizens' impressions of India. In contrast, the hypotheses of some theoretical variables need to be further confirmed as Chinese citizens' impressions of India are slightly lower than those of other large countries such as the US, Japan, and Russia.
Conceived in Crisis: The Revolutionary Creation of an American StateChristopherR. Pearl. University of Virginia Press, 2020.

In 2003, Max M. Edling published a field-changing book exploring the influence of European models of state-building on the framing and ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Edling termed this process, which took place in the late 1780s, ‘a revolution in favour of government’. (1) Christopher R. Pearl’s Conceived in Crisis is also the story of a revolution in favour of government in early America, but it differs from Edling’s account in two crucial ways. Rather than discussing the development of the American national state, Pearl lays his scene in the province of Pennsylvania, the mid-Atlantic proprietary colony that would become the most notoriously democratic of the 18th century North American republics. And where Edling locates the state-building revolution in the 1780s, Pearl finds his revolution in the Revolution–the American Revolution–a crucible of war and precarious, hard-won independence in which, he argues, a new kind of centralized and coercive American polity was born.