Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ESTIMASI NILAI PEMULIAAN DAN MOST PROBABLE PRODUCING ABILITY SIFAT PRODUKSI SAPI ACEH DI KECAMATAN INDRAPURI PROVINSI ACEH

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat estimasi nilai pemuliaan (NP) dan most probable producing ability (MPPA) sifat produksi sapi Aceh di Kecamatan Indrapuri, Provinsi Aceh. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai tanggal 7 Maret 2013 sampai dengan 7 April 2013 di Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul (BPTU)-Hijauan Pakan Ternak (HPT) Sapi Aceh Indrapuri. Materi penelitian ini terdiri dari catatan produksi dan populasi sapi Aceh tahun 2010 sampai 2012. Jumlah sapi yang digunakan untuk mengestimasi NP dan MPPA pada sifat produksi adalah 38 ekor. Estimasi nilai estimasi heritabilitas dengan metode korelasi saudara tiri sebapak (paternal half-shib correlation), sedangkan estimasi repitabilitas berdasarkan dua catatan individu menggunakan metode korelasi antar kelas (interclass correlation). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai heritabilitas berat lahir, berat sapih, berat satu tahun, dan berat akhir masing-masing adalah 0,15+0,12, 0,48+0,58, 0,49+0,58, dan 0,56+0,69. Nilai repitabilitas yang dapat diestimasi berdasarkan data recording adalah berat lahir sebesar 0,33+0,22. Sapi Aceh pejantan nomor P.075 memiliki NPabsolut berat akhir tertinggi yaitu sebesar 14,99 kg. Nilai MPPAabsolut berat lahir tertinggi pada induk sapi Aceh nomor A.0668 yaitu sebesar 15,38 kg. (Kata kunci: Sapi Aceh, NP, MPPA, Heritabilitas, Repitabilitas, Sifat produksi)
Transtensional model for the Sierra Nevada frontal fault system, eastern California

Active strike-slip and normal faults along the eastern margin of the Sierra Nevada primarily accommodate northwestward translation of the Sierra Nevada–Central Valley (i.e., Sierran) microplate with respect to stable North America. Strike-slip faults bordering the eastern Sierran microplate are subparallel to small circles about the Sierra Nevada–North American Euler pole. Normal faults of the Sierra Nevada frontal fault system strike ∼45° clockwise of the small circle trajectories and exhibit well-defined, left-stepping en echelon patterns, consistent with formation in dextral transcurrent regime. Major graben bordering the northeastern Sierran microplate are located in regions where the locus of range-front deformation steps abruptly eastward in a releasing geometry relative to Sierra Nevada–North American motion. Crustal shortening occurs at the northern end of the Sierran microplate, where a component of northwest dextral shear steps westward in a left-restraining geometry across the Sierran crest to the Sacramento Valley. Kinematic inversions of earthquake focal mechanisms from the Walker Lane belt bordering the eastern Sierra Nevada indicate that seismogenic deformation primarily is characterized by horizontal shearing and oblique crustal thinning. Directions of macroscopic dextral shear inferred from the inversions are subparallel to the trajectories of small circles about the Sierra Nevada–North American Euler pole. Normal faulting along most of the eastern Sierran range front thus appears to primarily accommodate microplate translation rather than Sierran uplift or regional Basin and Range extension.
Super resolution for FOPEN SAR data

Detecting targets occluded by foliage in Foliage penetrating (FOPEN) Ultra-Wide-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (UWB SAR) images is an important and challenging problem. Given the different nature of FOPEN SAR imagery and very low signal- to-clutter ratio in UWB SAR data, conventional detection algorithms usually fail to yield robust target detection results on raw data with minimum false alarms. Hence improving the resolving power by means of a super-resolution algorithm plays an important role in hypothesis testing for false alarm mitigation and target localization. In this paper we present a new single-frame super-resolution algorithm based on estimating the polyphase components of the observed signal projected on an optimal basis. The estimated polyphase components are then combined into a single super-resolved image using the standard inverse polyphase transform, leading to improved target signature while suppressing noise.
Activity recognition and uncertain knowledge in video scenes

Activity recognition has been a growing research topic in the last years and its application varies from automatic recognition of social interaction such as shaking hands, parking lot surveillance, traffic monitoring and the detection of abandoned luggage. This paper describes a probabilistic framework for uncertainty handling in a description-based event recognition approach. The proposed approach allows the flexible modeling of composite events with complex temporal constraints. It uses probability theory to provide a consistent framework for dealing with uncertain knowledge for the recognition of complex events. We validate the event recognition accuracy of the proposed algorithm on real-world videos. The experimental results show that our system can successfully recognize activities with a high recognition rate. We conclude by comparing our algorithm with the state of the art and showing how the definition of event models and the probabilistic reasoning can influence the results of real-time event recognition.
Thermal Perturbation and Rainfall Runoff have Greater Impact on Seasonal Solute Loads than Physical Disturbance of the Active Layer

Climate warming in the Arctic will alter hydrological processes and biogeochemical exports from the landscape. Studies have reported that thermokarst disturbances and active‐layer deepening increase solute concentrations in surface waters, but neither the spatial extent nor duration of the impacts of these changes is well understood. We measured total dissolved solute (TDS) concentrations and normalised seasonal TDS fluxes (kg mm‐1) in a series of small headwater catchments in the Canadian High Arctic over three consecutive summers (2007–09) to examine the impact of thermal perturbation (increased soil temperatures) and physical disturbance (active‐layer detachment slides) on solute dynamics in permafrost catchments. We find that usually high July soil temperatures (thermal perturbation) in 2007 resulted in a near‐doubling of solute fluxes during the two subsequent summers, including in a catchment where there was no physical disturbance despite significantly cooler conditions. Solute concentrations increased with the spatial extent of physical disturbances, especially towards the end of the melt season. However, total seasonal solute fluxes did not always increase with the spatial extent of physical disturbances. The results show that the impact of the disturbance area on seasonal solute flux is limited by discharge and hydrological connectivity of the disturbed areas, and that summer rainfall allows for enhanced export of solutes from catchments subject to physical disturbance. Hence, seasonal solute export in these permafrost catchments was more sensitive to thermal perturbations and rainfall runoff than to physical disturbance of the active layer. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microtremor characteristics and analysis of seismicity on Opak fault lines, Bantul district, Yogyakarta

This research aimed to determine the microtremor characteristics and seismicity analysis around Opak’s fault in Jetis subdistrict, Imogiri subdistrict, Pundong subdistrict, and Kretek subdistrict. This research using HVSR (Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio) method, spectrum analysis, TFA analysis and maximum likelyhood method. The primary microtremor’sdata was taken from 9 points and thesecondary data from 32 point using grid 3 km spacing. The data record the natural waves or seismic signals at each measurement points. The processed data thus characterize the structrure of the soil and rock layers. For seismicity of analysis earthquake data since 2006-2014 from BMKG were used. The results indicate microtremor characteristics around the fault Opak according to the parameter map predominant frequency modeling result, map predominant period modeling result, map amplification factor modeling result, map Vs30 modeling result, curve H/V, curve spectrum and curve TFA which is divided into three zones. Seismicity analysis showed that earthquake around Opakfault earthquake has magnitude between 0,4 to 3,2, has a depthof 10 km to 20 km, and has a b-value of 0,44 to 0,76. Key words: HVSR method, TFA analysis, spectrum analysis, maximum likelihood method, microtremor characteristics, b-value, Opak fault
Optimal Channel Networks - a Framework for the Study of River Basin Morphology

Optimal channel networks (OCNs) are dendritic structures obtained by minimizing the local and global rates of energy dissipation in a continuously fed (in space and time) plane aggregation system reminiscent, and based on the properties, of the planform of three-dimensional natural drainage networks. Geomorphological and fractal properties of OCNs are known from earlier studies by the authors. This paper explores further the structures derived by optimization of energy dissipation rates. Optimality of subnetworks and of basin shapes is investigated as a by-product of competition for drainage. A new perspective on the possible prediction of the width function of a basin network, and hence of its hydrologic response, is obtained by exploiting OCN techniques, requiring only the definition of the outer boundaries of the basin. The interplay between hillslope processes and the development of drainage networks is addressed, aiming at the relative role and the mutual interrelations of geology and optimal organization in the structure of mature river basins. Also addressed is the issue of multiscaling and multifractality in the spatial organization of the network. It is concluded that OCN approaches provide a comprehensive framework for the study of the morphology of geophysical structures.
Modeling and Control of Tray Temperature along with Column Pressure in a Pilot Plant Distillation Column

In a distillation column pressure is normally regulated by the vapor-condenser cooling water flow rate. If the pressure is high, increase the water flow to condense vapor faster. The reflux rate, feed rate, change in composition set point, boil-up rate are some of the factors that influences the pressure inside the column. The pressure also affects the speed of vapor through the column and internal reflux. The temperature inside the column and pressure are interdependent, so the interaction between these parameters are high. The objective is to control the bottom tray temperature (T1) and column pressure, nominally by manipulating the reflux flow and boilup rate.
Implementing Nanovesicles for Boosting the Skin Permeation of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

The consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have increased lately around the world, as they are considered essential and popular drugs for effective reduction of pain and inflammation. They have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities; also, it was reported recently that they protect against various critical disorders like heart attacks and cancer. However, oral use of NSAIDs may cause several pulmonary, gastrointestinal, hepatic, cardiovascular, cerebral, and renal complications. Therefore, topical NSAIDs were recommended as a substitute to oral NSAIDs for the treatment of inflammation and pain. Still, the skin permeation of NSAIDs is considered a challenge, as the skin have an effective barrier function. Therefore, this review investigates various advanced vesicular nanocarriers and their applications through the skin, to augment the topical delivery of NSAIDs through stratum corneum over the conventional systems, enhance their effectiveness, and reduce the unwanted side effects. These innovative systems can manage bioavailability, solubility, stability, safety, and efficacy issues present in conventional systems.
Multiparametric study of the February–April 2013 paroxysmal phase of Mt. Etna New South‐East crater

Between January 2011 and April 2013, Mt. Etna's eruptive activity consisted of episodic intracrater strombolian explosions and paroxysms from Bocca Nuova, Voragine, and the New South‐East (NSEC) summit craters, respectively. Eruptions from NSEC consisted of initial increasing strombolian activity and lava flow output, passing to short‐lasting lava fountaining. In this study we present seismic, infrasound, radiometric, plume SO2 and HCl fluxes and geodetic data collected by the INGV monitoring system between May 2012 and April 2013. The multiparametric approach enabled characterization of NSEC eruptive activity at both daily and monthly time scales and tracking of magma movement within Mt. Etna's plumbing system. While seismic, infrasound and radiometric signals give insight on the energy and features of the 13 paroxysms fed by NSEC, SO2 and halogen fluxes shed light on the likely mechanisms triggering the eruptive phenomena. GPS data provided clear evidence of pressurization of Mt. Etna's plumbing system from May 2012 to middle February 2013 and depressurization during the February–April 2013 eruptive activity. Taking into account geochemical data, we propose that the paroxysms' sequence represented the climax of a waxing‐waning phase of degassing that had started as early as December 2012, and eventually ended in April 2013. Integration of the multidisciplinary observations suggests that the February–April 2013 eruptive activity reflects a phase of release of a volatile‐rich batch of magma that had been stored in the shallow volcano plumbing system at least 4 months before, and with the majority of gas released between February and March 2013.
Enhancing the economic benefits of tourism at the local level

This publication does not have an abstract. The first paragraph of the introduction is displayed as the abstract. As so clearly highlighted by Moscardo (Chapter 1. this volume),tourism frequently fails to live up to the unrealistically high expectations that are placed upon it. Furthermore, while tourism has the potential to bring great benefits,it also imposes costs on host communities,and since the costs and benefits associated with tourism are not distributed evenly, inevitable confiicts arise. It comes as no surprise to find that virtually all of the case studies considered by Moscardo (Chapter 1. this volume) had groups that supported tourism developments and groups that opposed them.
Microbially Induced Cementation to Control Sand Response to Undrained Shear

Current methods to improve the engineering properties of sands are diverse with respect to methodology, treatment uniformity, cost, environmental impact, site accessibility requirements, etc. All of these methods have benefits and drawbacks, and there continues to be a need to explore new possibilities of soil improvement, particularly as suitable land for development becomes more scarce. This paper presents the results of a study in which natural microbial biological processes were used to engineer a cemented soil matrix within initially loose, collapsible sand. Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) was achieved using the microorganism Bacillus pasteurii, an aerobic bacterium pervasive in natural soil deposits. The microbes were introduced to the sand specimens in a liquid growth medium amended with urea and a dissolved calcium source. Subsequent cementation treatments were passed through the specimen to increase the cementation level of the sand particle matrix. The results of both MICP- and .
Climate, soil, and vegetation: 5. A derived distribution of storm surface runoff

The Philip infiltration equation is integrated over the duration of a rainstorm of uniform intensity to give the depth of point surface runoff from such an event on a natural surface in terms of random variables defining the initial soil moisture, the rainfall intensity, and the storm duration. In a zeroth-order approximation the initial soil moisture is fixed at its climatic space and time average, whereupon by using exponential probability density functions for storm intensity and duration, the probability density function of point storm rainfall excess is derived. This distribution is used to define the annual average depth of point surface runoff and to derive the flood volume frequency relation, both in terms of a set of physically meaningful climate-soil parameters.
Field evaluation of three phosphorus indices on new application sites in Texas

ABSTRACT: Phosphorus (P) indices were developed to address nonpoint source P losses from agricultural fields; however, only limited information on P index performance at the field- and watershed-scale is available. Evaluation of P indices is necessary to provide the basis of modification and improvement of their usefulness as P management tools. In this study, the ability of the Texas P index to estimate P loss potential was evaluated by comparison with measured annual P loads over three years on four new pasture and six new cultivated litter application sites in the Texas Blackland Prairie. The Arkansas and lowa P indices were also evaluated. The Texas and lowa versions were able to provide reasonable estimates of P loss potential as illustrated with significant linear relationships (p
Flow Constrained Reservoir Characterization using Bayesian Inversion

In the context of the EU Joule II, Geoscience II Research programme, a project has been initiated, aimed at improving techniques for reservoir characterization. One of the topics addresses the reduction of uncertainty by conditioning the subsurface parameters to measured production data. A Bayesian setting gives an appropriate formalism for handling the uncertainty reduction. Prior data on the parameters to be estimated are updated using the field measurements and a forward model. This results in an updated (posterior) probability density function for the parameters. From this posterior pdf, which contains all information on parameter correlation and uncertainty, point estimates can be obtained. These point estimates form the solution of the estimation problem and also result in the associated confidence levels. An algorithm has been implemented to perform the Bayesian Inversion formalism. General forward models can be attached. Some examples are given to demonstrate the principles.
Importance of the deep ocean for estimating decadal changes in Earth's radiation balance

We use control run data from three Met Office Hadley Centre climate models to investigate the relationship between: net top‐of‐atmosphere radiation balance (TOA), globally averaged sea surface temperature (SST); and globally averaged ocean heat content (OHC) on decadal timescales. All three models show substantial decadal variability in SST, which could easily mask the long‐term warming associated with anthropogenic climate change over a decade. Regression analyses are used to estimate the uncertainty of TOA, given the trend in SST or OHC over the same period. We show that decadal trends in SST are only weakly indicative of changes in TOA. Trends in total OHC strongly constrain TOA, since the ocean is the primary heat store in the Earth System. Integrating OHC over increasing model levels, provides an increasingly good indication of TOA changes. To achieve a given accuracy in TOA estimated from OHC we find that there is a trade‐off between measuring for longer or deeper. Our model results suggest that there is potential for substantial improvement in our ability to monitor Earth's radiation balance by more comprehensive observation of the global ocean.
Uses and abuses of recovery: implementing recovery‐oriented practices in mental health systems

An understanding of recovery as a personal and subjective experience has emerged within mental health systems. This meaning of recovery now underpins mental health policy in many countries. Developing a focus on this type of recovery will involve transformation within mental health systems. Human systems do not easily transform. In this paper, we identify seven mis‐uses (“abuses”) of the concept of recovery: recovery is the latest model; recovery does not apply to “my” patients; services can make people recover through effective treatment; compulsory detention and treatment aid recovery; a recovery orientation means closing services; recovery is about making people independent and normal; and contributing to society happens only after the person is recovered. We then identify ten empirically‐validated interventions which support recovery, by targeting key recovery processes of connectedness, hope, identity, meaning and empowerment (the CHIME framework). The ten interventions are peer support workers, advance directives, wellness recovery action planning, illness management and recovery, REFOCUS, strengths model, recovery colleges or recovery education programs, individual placement and support, supported housing, and mental health trialogues. Finally, three scientific challenges are identified: broadening cultural understandings of recovery, implementing organizational transformation, and promoting citizenship.
An apparent atmospheric teleconnection between snow cover and the North American Monsoon

Snow cover has been shown to reduce lower‐atmospheric temperatures thereby modifying atmospheric circulation patterns over time scales of days to months. Over the past three decades an inverse relationship between Eurasian winter snow cover extent and subsequent summer rainfall across India has been studied. Very little research has addressed the potential relationship between North American snow cover and the North American monsoon. The work presented here identifies an apparent inverse relationship between July and August snow cover across western North America and August precipitation across a portion of the southwestern U.S. that is susceptible to an annual monsoon circulation. Results suggest that during a summer season characterized by low snow cover across western North America, the typical subtropical ridge across the southern U.S. intensifies. The product appears to be an atmosphere that is conducive to advection of low‐level moisture northward across areas of the southwestern U.S.
The measurement of scientific excellence around the world

This paper reviews scientific excellence in 38 countries and eight geographical areas using two sets of novel indicators of citation impact: a family of high-impact indicators imported from the poverty literature in Economics, and a set of indicators within the percentile rank approach. Among the main findings with a dataset of about 4.4 million from Thomson Scientific we emphasize the following three. (i) The proportion of articles of a research unit in the set formed by the 10% of the most cited papers in the world, and two important percentile rank indicators bring no novelty relative to a traditional average-based indicator. (ii) A high-impact indicator very sensitive to citation inequality is seen to be useful to detect success at a local level, but not for a global ranking that includes small research units. (iii) A monotonic high-impact indicator sensitive to any increase in citations is used to rank the partition of the world into 46 units in the 22 broad fields distinguished by Thomson Scientific, as well as the all-sciences case.