Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential of [11C](R)-PK11195 PET Imaging for Evaluating Tumor Inflammation: A Murine Mammary Tumor Model

Background: Breast tumor inflammation is an immunological process that occurs mainly by mediation of Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAM). Aiming for a specific measurement of tumor inflammation, the current study evaluated the potential of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging with [11C](R)-PK11195 to evaluate tumor inflammation in a mammary tumor animal model. Methods: Female Balb/C mice were inoculated with 4T1 cells. The PET imaging with [11C](R)-PK11195 and [18F]FDG was acquired 3 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks after cell inoculation. Results: The [11C](R)-PK11195 tumor uptake increased from 3 days to 1 week, and decreased at 2 weeks after cell inoculation, as opposed to the [18F]FDG uptake, which showed a slight decrease in uptake at 1 week and increased uptake at 2 weeks. In the control group, no significant differences occurred in tracer uptake over time. Tumor uptake of both radiopharmaceuticals is more expressed in tumor edge regions, with greater intensity at 2 weeks, as demonstrated by [11C](R)-PK11195 autoradiography and immunofluorescence with TSPO antibodies and CD86 pro-inflammatory phenotype. Conclusion: The [11C](R)-PK11195 was able to identify heterogeneous tumor inflammation in a murine model of breast cancer and the uptake varied according to tumor size. Together with the glycolytic marker [18F]FDG, molecular imaging with [11C](R)-PK11195 may provide a better characterization of inflammatory responses in cancer.
EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION ON THE LEAF MORPHOLOGY OF COMMON PLANT SPECIES OF QUETTA CITY SAADULLAH

The urban air pollution is a major environmental concern, particularly in the developing countries and in their major cities. Therefore, the present study was mainly aimed to study the effect of air pollution on the morphological characteristics of leaf of 13 common plant species viz., Elaeagnus angustifolia L. , Eucalyptus tereticornis L. , Ficus carica L. , Fraxinus excelsior L. , Melia azadirach L. , Morus alba L. , Morus nigra L. , Pistacia vera L. , Prunus armeniaca L. , Punica granatum L. , Robinia pseudo acacia L. , Rosa indica L. and Vitis vinifera L. grown in the urban (polluted site) and peri-urban (nonpolluted) sites of Quetta. Results showed that all plant species exhibited significant (p<0.05) reduction at polluted site in their leaf length, width, area and petiole length when compared with the same plant species of non-polluted site. These plant species also showed significant variation in the growth of morphological parameters from season to season. Results also showed that the overall reduction % in leaf length, width, area and length of petiole during different seasons at polluted sites with respect to those of non-polluted sites were found maximum during summer (33.91, 36.61, 37.08 and 46.17 %), followed by autumn and lowest was recorded during spring season (28.39, 23.50. 32.49 and 26.34 %), respectively. Results also deciphered that minimum decrease in leaf length (19.86%), leaf width (17.81%), leaf area (22.66%) and petiole length (02.56%) was observed in Vitis vinefera L. , Pistacia vera L. , Ficus carica L. and Pistacia vera L. Whereas, maximum decrease 72.59, 50.58, 57.98 and 65.48% for the same attributes were noted in Punica granatum L. , Elaeagnus angustifolia L. , Rosa indica L. and Eucalyptus tereticornis L. , respectively. Results further indicated that as the plants get ages, the reduction % of various leaf attributes of polluted plants also increased as compared with non-polluted plant species. This could be mainly due to maximum exposure of plants to air pollutants come from various auto emission sources.
ON UNIFORM STABILIZATION OF THE SOLUTION OF THE SECOND MIXED PROBLEM FOR A SECOND ORDER PARABOLIC EQUATION

The authors investigate uniform stabilization of the solution of the second mixed problem in a cylindrical domain for a linear parabolic equation of second order. For a rather broad class of unbounded domains a sharp estimate of the Green function for the problem in question is established, and a condition on the initial function is found which is necessary and sufficient for uniform stabilization of the solution.Bibliography: 14 titles.
The quantitative importance of criteria For MCDA

This paper presents theoretical foundations for the description of preferences in multiple criteria decision making models using quantitative estimates of the relative importance of criteria. We develop simple decision rules that define the preference and indifference relations induced by the information about the quantitative importance of criteria. These relations are naturally consistent with the values of the generalized, or global, criteria. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monotone Difference Schemes for Singular Perturbation Problems

We consider numerical solutions of the boundary value problem $\varepsilon y'' - (f(y))' - b(x,y) = 0$, $0 \leqq x \leqq 1$, $y(0) = A$, $y(1) = B$, $\varepsilon < 0$, $b_y \geqq \delta < 0$, with monotone difference schemes on nonuniform grids. We prove general convergence results and show that the Engquist–Osher monotone scheme will reproduce essential properties of the true solution for any grid. For the inversion of the nonlinear scheme, we suggest implicit time relaxation with variable time steps.
Unified model for the injection and transport of charge in organic diodes

This paper presents a unified model for charge injection and transport in organic or polymeric diodes. A special focus is placed on charge injection from the contacts, using existing models such as thermionic emission and tunnel injection. These are combined to produce a compact model that includes effects associated with oxidation/reduction reactions at the electrodes. Charges are formed at the electrodes by oxidation or reduction in a process governed by the Nernst equation, and these charges modulate the injection barrier. A current-voltage relationship for organic or polymeric diodes that incorporates these injection phenomena, as well as the charge transport by the drift mechanism, is presented and discussed. The voltage ranges in which these effects are dominant are estimated. Finally, the resulting current-voltage and current-temperature relations are used to explain published experimental data.
Fault diagnosis by interval‐based adaptive thresholds and peak‐to‐peak observers

This article investigates actuator fault diagnosis for continuous‐time systems with unknown but bounded uncertainties. A novel interval‐based adaptive threshold computation approach is proposed for residual evaluation. Meanwhile, peak‐to‐peak performance is applied to generate robust residuals against system uncertainties. By integrating the designed peak‐to‐peak residual generator with adaptive thresholds, we can achieve promising fault detection results. Furthermore, based on the general observer scheme, the proposed residual generator and adaptive thresholds can be equally used for fault isolation. Simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed fault detection and isolation method.
Impact of layer thickness on the operating characteristics of In2O3/ZnO heterojunction thin-film transistors

Combining low-dimensional layers of dissimilar metal oxide materials to form a heterojunction structure offers a potent strategy to improve the performance and stability of thin-film transistors (TFTs). Here, we study the impact of channel layer thicknesses on the operating characteristics of In2O3/ZnO heterojunction TFTs prepared via sputtering. The conduction band offset present at the In2O3/ZnO heterointerface affects the device's operating characteristics, as is the thickness of the individual oxide layers. The latter is investigated using a variety of experimental and computational modeling techniques. An average field-effect mobility ( μFE) of >50 cm2 V−1 s−1, accompanied by a low threshold voltage and a high on/off ratio (∼108), is achieved using an optimal channel configuration. The high μFE in these TFTs is found to correlate with the presence of a quasi-two-dimensional electron gas at the In2O3/ZnO interface. This work provides important insight into the operating principles of heterojunction metal oxide TFTs, which can aid further developments.
Sensitivity analysis of discrete periodic systems with applications to helicopter rotor dynamics

We present a sensitivity formulation for periodic systems and a theoretical model for a helicopter rotor in forward flight. The formulation and the rotor model are validated by a few comparisons with other available methods and experimental values. The greatest advantage of the present sensitivity analysis is that the order of the Floquet matrix is independent of the number parameters to be investigated. This yields substantial savings in computation times over the existing methods.
Spin polarization on Fermi surfaces of metals by the KKR method

With the implementation of a relativistic Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green's function and band-structure method, we analyze the spin-expectation value of the electron states on the Fermi surface of nonmagnetic as well as magnetic metals. It is shown that for relatively light elements such as Cu the spin states are well defined. A separation of all electron states to ``up'' and ``down'' spin-polarized states can be done even in the case of quite heavy but monovalent elements such as Au. In contrast, for heavy polyvalent metals such as Pt, the expectation value of the spin operator can be close to zero in large regions of the Fermi surface. In this case the nonrelativistic language of well-defined ``spin-up'' and ``spin-down'' states is not valid anymore. For magnetic materials, the relativistic Fermi surfaces change their topology with respect to the nonrelativistic majority and minority sheets because of spin-orbit driven avoided crossings of the bands. As a result, regions with vanishing spin polarization appear.
On Filtering Equations in Infinite Dimensions

Abstract We consider a nonlinear filtering problem for a state processXin a Hilbert spaceH, given a finite dimensional observation processY. We look for solutions of the corresponding filtering equations, having densities with respect to a Gaussian reference measure inH. We derive the equations for the conditional densities and prove that they have solutions. We can allow correlated noise in the state and observation equations, provided additional assumptions hold.
Synthesis, Structural, and Quantum Chemical Spectroscopic, Hydrogen Bonding, and Molecular Docking Investigation of Antifungal Compound Pyrazole-Pyrazolium Picrate

Abstract This work involved the synthesis of the novel antifungal compound pyrazole pyrazolium picrate (PPP), which was then examined using X-ray crystallography, FT-IR, FT-Raman, and UV-vis spectra. Quantum chemical computations were carried out by Density functional theory methods at B3LYP level. The presence of functional groups in PPP compound is confirmed by FT-IR and FT-Raman spectral analysis. The molecular properties, such as chemical reactivity descriptors HOMO-LUMO, Fukui, and MEP of the title compound were calculated to get insight into the stability and reactive site on the molecule. Hirshfeld surface analysis and fingerprint plots were used to calculate intermolecular interactions. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and the reduced density gradient (RDG) were carried out to study the intra and intermolecular interactions within the molecule particularly the properties of C–H…O and N–H…O hydrogen bonds. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was used to examine the compound’s electronic stability due to intermolecular and intramolecular interaction and charge delocalization. A molecular docking simulation was employed to explore the ligand-protein interaction, while drug-likeness and ADMET analysis were used to ascertain the biological properties of the title molecule. Antifungal testing was performed to investigate the compound’s efficacy against fungicidal strains.
Nonasymptotic Behavior of a Common Eulerian Approximation for Transport in Random Velocity Fields

Lagrangian methods of analyzing solute transport in random velocity fields deal with the motion of indivisible “solute particles” through such fields, whereas Eulerian methods treat the solute concentration, C, as the dependent variable in a stochastic mass balance equation. Both approaches lead to nonlinear stochastic differential equations which are difficult to solve analytically without approximation. A particular Eulerian approximation which has become popular in recent years derives from the premise that, in mildly fluctuating velocity fields, terms involving the products of fluctuating quantities can be disregarded in comparison to terms which involve only one such quantity. This leads to a non-Fickian low-order approximation for the ensemble mean concentration 〈C〉, where the dispersive flux is not proportional to ∇〈C〉, but is given instead by a convolution integral. The spatial moments of 〈C〉 based on this approximation are shown to be in conflict with those obtained from a first-order Lagrangian analysis. We explore this apparent contradiction and conclude that the reason lies in the nonasymptotic nature of the Eulerian approximation whereby terms neglected are of the same order as terms retained.
Optimal control of a truncated general immigration process through total catastrophes

A Markov decision model is considered for the control of a truncated general immigration process, which represents a pest population, by the introduction of total catastrophes. The optimality criterion is that of minimizing the expected long-run average cost per unit time. Firstly, a necessary and sufficient condition is found under which the policy of never controlling is optimal. If this condition fails, a parametric analysis, in which a fictitious parameter is varied over the entire real line, is used to establish the optimality of a control-limit policy. Furthermore, an efficient Markov decision algorithm operating on the class of control-limit policies is developed for the computation of the optimal policy.
Applying deep learning to melanocyte counting on fluorescent TRP1 labelled images of in vitro skin model

Cell counting is an important step in many biological experiments. Itcan be challenging, due to the large variability in contrast and shapeof the cells, especially when their density is so high that the cellsare closely packed together. Automation is needed to increase thespeed and quality of the detection. In this study, a cell countingmethod is developed for images of melanocytes obtained afterfluorescent labelling with TRP1 (Tyrosinase-related protein 1) of 3Dreconstructed skin samples. Following previous approaches, a strategybased on predicting the local cell density, by means of aconvolutional neural network (a U-Net), was adopted. The methodshowed great efficiency on a test set of 76 images, with an assessedcounting error close to 10% on average, which is a commonly acceptedtarget in cytology and histology. For comparison purposes, we havemade our dataset publicly availableCell counting is an important stepin many biological experiments. It can be challenging, due to thelarge variability in contrast and shape of the cells, especially whentheir density is so high that the cells are closely packedtogether. Automation is needed to increase the speed and quality ofthe detection. In this study, a cell counting method is developed forimages of melanocytes obtained after fluorescent labelling with TRP1(Tyrosinase-related protein 1) of 3D reconstructed skinsamples. Following previous approaches, a strategy based on predictingthe local cell density, by means of a convolutional neural network (aU-Net), was adopted. The method showed great efficiency on a test setof 76 images, with an assessed counting error close to 10% on average,which is a commonly accepted target in cytology and histology. Forcomparison purposes, we have made our dataset publicly available
Perceptual Colour Correlogram and Perception-based Statistical Features of Colour Texture

and colour. In Section 2.1 the SGLDM and Haralick features as a basis or our definitions are described. In Section 2.2 I outline colour cor-relogram definitions and point out their flaws. In Section 3 I propose perceptual colour correlogram and introduce its several statistical features with elaboration of their perceptual interpretation. In Section 4 I discuss results of simple numerical experiments revealing typical perceptual colour correlogram form and typical texture feature values. Section 5 contains summary and conclusions.
Design of Uncoupled and Cascaded Array of Resonant Microwave Sensors for Dielectric Characterization of Liquids

In this article, we introduce an array of uncoupled and cascaded microwave sensors with a novel structure for the dielectric characterization of liquid samples for biomedical applications. The developed array consists of four cascaded resonators and can measure the complex permittivity of multiple samples simultaneously and independently, contributing to microwell plate measurements. The fabricated sensors consist of couplers and defected grounded interdigitated capacitors (IDCs), yielding a high sensitivity. Each sensor in the array acts as a resonator, with the resonance frequency and quality factor changing according to the material under test (MUT). We have used water/ethanol mixtures in different concentrations to calibrate the sensor and later relate the changes in resonance behavior to the one in dielectric permittivity. The corresponding fitting functions based on IDC’s model have a high <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$r$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-squared value and result in a high precision permittivity extraction of the liquids with the volume of 20 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{L}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in the frequency range of 3.87 GHz (for the sample with the highest permittivity) to 8 GHz.
Stacked Variational Autoencoder in the Classification of Cardiac Arrhythmia using ECG Signals with 2D-ECG Images

Cardiac Arrhythmia is an endangered signal to human life. Most arrhythmias are shortfalls of symptoms. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a non-invasive, low-priced, and powerful tool to record the electrical signals of the heart and detect severe cardiovascular diseases. ECG interpretation is generally done by the cardiologist which is time-consuming and sometimes may lead to the wrong diagnosis. Moreover, numerous arrhythmia heartbeats remain unexplored. The arrhythmia record has an expeditious and divergent ECG. Prompt diagnosis of arrhythmia can reduce the mortality rate. In this paper, we have investigated the application of a Stacked Variational Autoencoder (SVAE) for the automatic diagnosis of arrhythmia from ECG signals. Furthermore, the augmented dat aset is used for training the model, to resolve the imbalance in the classes. The proposed model reached an overall accuracy of 98.96% and sensitivity of 97.32%. SVAE classified twelve classes of cardiac arrhythmia including normal sinus rhythm.
Nonlinear Optimal Estimation of Temperature and Integrated Water Vapor and Liquid Using a Ground-based Microwave Radiometer in Coastal Winter Storms

Abstract Atmospheric temperature profiles and integrated water vapor and liquid are retrieved from ground-based microwave radiometric measurements using both nonlinear optimal estimation (NLOE) and statistical inversion (SI) methods. The results obtained from both methods are compared with collocated radiosonde observations during the Canadian Atlantic Storms Program field project in 1986. In general, the NLOE was superior to the SI method when clouds with high liquid water contents or when precipitation was present. Under these conditions, temperature profiles derived using NLOE had smaller root-mean-square differences from radiosonde observations than those retrieved using SI. Also, the overestimation of integrated vapor retrieved using the SI method was eliminated using the NLOE method. The radiometric observations were used in two case studies of winter cyclonic storms striking Atlantic Canada.
A Study Of The Discrete Hartley Transform For Image Compression Applications

The discrete Hartley transform (DHT) and its fast algorithm were introduced recently. One of the advantages of the DHT is that the forward and inverse transforms are of the same form except for a normalization constant. Therefore, the forward and the inverse transform can be implemented by the same subroutine or hardware when the normalization constant is properly taken care of. In this paper, the applications of the DHT to image compression are studied. The distribution of the DHT coefficients is tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test. The compression efficiency of DHT coding is found to be about the same as discrete Fourier transform (DFT) coding. The DHT coding system incorporated with a human visual system model is also studied and this system offers about the same subjective image quality as a straight-forward DCT coding system.
Views of academician examiners on the testing accommodations of the measurement, selection and placement center for disabled test takers

The Measurement, Selection and Placement Center–MSPC (original acronym: Ölçme, Seçme ve Yerleştirme Merkezi–ÖSYM) administers many of the high-stake examinations applied in Türkiye. In order to support equality of opportunity in education and create a fair evaluation system, MSPC actualizes various testing accommodations by adjusting the standardization protocol for disabled test takers. In this research, we examined the views of academicians who served in the halls where disabled candidates take the test in the examinations held by MSPC about the testing accommodations for the disabled. The study design was in the basic qualitative research model. The participants consisted of 12 academicians working at a state university in Türkiye, who had served at least three times in the examination halls reserved for disabled test takers by MSPC. We collected the data via an interview form which included four items and administered it to the participants according to the drop-off and pick-up later method. The research results revealed that academician examiners have various positive opinions about MSPC’s testing accommodations for disabled test takers. However, the participants also expressed that current accommodations have certain limitations that should be revised.
Das Lipödem

Zusammenfassung Das Lipödem ist eine Erkrankung des Fett- und Bindegewebes, die fast ausnahmslos bei Frauen auftritt. Die Diagnose wird klinisch gestellte aufgrund bestimmter Merkmale. Leitsymptom ist die Schmerzhaftigkeit des Fettgewebes. Ein weiteres typisches Merkmal ist die Gefäßfragilität, die zu Hämatomen nach Minortraumen führt. Die typische disproportionale, symmetrische Fettgewebehypertrophie bezieht Unter- und Oberschenkel, Hüften, Gesäß, Unter- und Oberarme ein und läßt die distalen Extremitäten sowie den Rumpf unbeteiligt. Es wird eine X-chromosomale dominante oder autosomal-dominante Vererbung angenommen. Die Ätiologie und Pathogenese sind unzureichend erforscht. In der Therapie werden konservative und operative Maßnahmen eingesetzt. Ziel der Therapie ist die Verbesserung der Lebensqualität, Reduzierung der Stigmatisierung, Erhalt oder Verbesserung der Mobilität und Vermeidung von Folgeschäden wie der Gonarthrose.