Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet GaN‐based nanocolumn light‐emitting diodes grown on n‐(111) Si substrates by rf‐plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy

We report the fabrication of GaN/AlGaN nanocolumn LEDs on n‐(111) Si substrates by RF‐MBE for the first time. Clear diode characteristics with a turn‐on voltage of 4 V and an ultraviolet emission spectrum with a peak wavelength of 354 nm were observed at room temperature. When the Al composition of p‐Alx Ga1–x N was changed from 8.8% to 25.1%, the high Al content led a narrowing of the FWHM compared withthat for low Al contents due to the suppression of carrier overflow. We measured the electroluminescence (EL) under dc and pulsed operations. The integrated EL intensity under the pulsed operation was 3 times as strong as that under the dc operation at 100 mA due to the reduced generation of heat. The thermal resistance was estimated to be 40 °C/W from the EL peak wavelength difference between the dc and pulsed operations. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Alternative formulation of the Kalman filter for correlated process and observation noise

The Kalman filter for linear system with cross-correlated process and observation noises at the same epoch is revisited. As the process noise is correlated with the observation noise, the probability of the former conditioned on the latter should have a higher concentration than its original probability, implying that the conditional one becomes more accurate. Inspired by this, an alternative formulation of the filter is derived that the conditional process noise rather than the original one is used in the prediction step. The conditional mean and covariance are derived in two different ways, that is, through state augmentation and conditionally Gaussian distribution. It is also proved that the proposed formulation is theoretically equivalent to the two available frameworks. However, this formulation has the merit of explaining why the estimate is improved taking the cross-correlation into account, that is, the a posteriori covariance of the process noise is reduced compared to the original one implying that the process model becomes more accurate. A simple but illustrative example is simulated and the efficacy of the proposed framework is validated.
A Wideband Cavity-Backed Dual-Polarized Antenna for X-Band Applications

In this letter, a cavity-backed dual-polarized antenna operating in X-Band (8–12 GHz) is presented. The antenna is composed of a metal cavity with a circular slot, a dual-polarized feeding balun structure printed on a single-layer substrate, and a loaded dielectric block. The units of the antenna are fixed by screws, and no additional welding assembly is required. By setting notches structure on the dual-polarized planar feeding probes, the port isolation and polarization purity of the proposed antenna have been significantly improved. A prototype with the compact size of 0.44 × 0.44 × 0.39 λ0 (λ0 is the wavelength at 10 GHz) is fabricated and measured. Measured results demonstrate the return losses are lower than 10 dB and the isolations are greater than 23 dB from 8 to 12 GHz, the measured bore-sight gains vary from 4.5 to 5.8 dBi, and the cross-polarization levels less than −20 dB are obtained within the operational band.
MMIC GaAs Isolators and Quasi-Circulators With Co-Designed RF Filtering Functionality

This paper reports on the RF design and practical development of GaAs MMIC multi-functional RF isolators and quasi-circulators with embedded filtering functionality. They are based on cascaded arrays of non-reciprocal resonators (NRRs), passive resonators, and impedance inverters. A unique transistor-based architecture is used for the realization of the NRR that exhibits an one-pole type bandpass response in the forward direction and RF signal cancellation in the reversed one. By controlling the number and type of resonators within cascaded resonator arrays, different levels of gain, out-of-band selectivity and in-band isolation can be obtained. The operating principles of the multi-functional isolator/filtering and quasi-circulator/filtering concepts are presented through synthesized and linear circuit-simulated examples. Practical design aspects using a commercially available GaAs MMIC process are also discussed. For proof-of-concept demonstration purposes, four prototypes were designed and experimentally validated at X-band. They include: i) a NRR, ii) a two-resonator based frequency selective isolator (FSI), iii) a five-resonator based FSI, and iv) a two-pole/two-TZ frequency selective quasi-circulator (FSQC).
Generalising the GHS attack on the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem

We generalise the Weil descent construction of the GHS attack on the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP) to arbitrary Artin-Schreier extensions. We give a formula for the characteristic polynomial of Frobenius of the obtained curves and prove that the large cyclic factor of the input elliptic curve is not contained in the kernel of the composition of the conorm and norm maps. As an application we considerably increase the number of elliptic curves which succumb to the basic GHS attack, thereby weakening curves over F2155 further. We also discuss other possible extensions or variations of the GHS attack and conclude that they are not likely to yield further improvements.
Quantitative assessment of botulinum toxin injection on blink rate in blepharospasm

ABSTRACT Purpose To objectively measure the blink rate in patients with blepharospasm managed by botulinum toxin type-A injections. Methods In this prospective, non-interventional case series, the complete blink rates of subjects were measured before incobotulinumtoxina injection and at follow-up within 4 weeks using slow-motion video-taping. Additionally, subjects graded the frequency of blinking, the severity of light-sensitivity, and the severity and frequency of dry eye symptoms on a categorical visual analog scale. The results are reported as median (range). Results Ten subjects were enrolled, with nine females. The total duration of treatment was 70 (5–116) months with total of 27.5 (2–51) injections. The subjects were grouped as short-time (<52w) or long-time (>52w) treatments. The median age, follow-up time, and injected doses were 73.5 (49–81) years, 21 (14–28) days, and 38 (8–47) units, respectively, with no significant difference between groups. The total complete blinks per minute before incobotulinumtoxina injection was 39 (23–64) which decreased to 18.5 (1–60) at follow-up (p = 0.004). The average change in complete blink rate was −67.4 ± 23.7% in long-time and −45.2 ± 31.2% in short-time groups (mean ± SD, p = 0.01). The total self-graded frequency of blinking and light-sensitivity decreased significantly at follow-up (p = 0.004, p = 0.047, respectively). Similar patterns of subject reported grades were seen in both groups. Conclusion Videotaping is a low-cost method for objective measurement of blink rate in blepharospasm patients after incobotulinumtoxina injection. There was a significant reduction in blink rate after incobotulinumtoxina injections with higher percentage of change in the long-time treatment group. Incobotulinumtoxina injection also significantly improves subjective photophobia.
A new look at radiative association in dense interstellar clouds

A corrected statistical theory of radiative association reactions is presented and discussed. Calculations are undertaken to determine the rate coefficients of a variety of radiative association reactions of possible importance in dense interstellar clouds. Our results confirm the suggestion of Smith and Adams that certain radiative association reactions occur quite rapidly at low temperature and are probably important in the synthesis of complex interstellar molecules.
Model-Driven Enhanced Analytic Learned Iterative Shrinkage Threshold Algorithm

The application of deep learning in compressed sensing reconstruction has achieved some excellent results. The deep neural network based on iterative algorithm can not only reflect the excellent performance of deep learning, but also reflect the interpretability of traditional compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm. The existing deep neural networks based on iterative algorithm mainly include learned iterative shrinkage threshold algorithm(LISTA), analytic learned iterative shrinkage threshold algorithm(ALISTA), etc., but each of them has its own shortcomings. We improved the network structure on the basis of predecessors, and proposed a new custom loss function to effectively improve the reconstruction performance of compressed sensing. Experiments show that our proposed neural network reduces the normalized mean square error(NMSE) by 10 dB compared with ALISTA and 15 dB compared with LISTA, and the support set accuracy of the recovered sparse signal can be optimized by our proposed custom loss function by at least 5%, especially LISTA, which has been improved by at least 80%.
Prevention and Management of Chronic Postsurgical Pain and Persistent Opioid Use Following Solid Organ Transplantation: Experiences From the Toronto General Hospital Transitional Pain Service

Background. With >700 transplant surgeries performed each year, Toronto General Hospital (TGH) is currently one of the largest adult transplant centers in North America. There is a lack of literature regarding both the identification and management of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) after organ transplantation. Since 2014, the TGH Transitional Pain Service (TPS) has helped manage patients who developed CPSP after solid organ transplantation (SOT), including heart, lung, liver, and renal transplants. Methods. In this retrospective cohort study, we describe the association between opioid consumption, psychological characteristics of pain, and demographic characteristics of 140 SOT patients who participated in the multidisciplinary treatment at the TGH TPS, incorporating psychology and physiotherapy as key parts of our multimodal pain management regimen. Results. Treatment by the multidisciplinary TPS team was associated with significant improvement in pain severity and a reduction in opioid consumption. Conclusions. Given the risk of CPSP after SOT, robust follow-up and management by a multidisciplinary team should be considered to prevent CPSP, help guide opioid weaning, and provide psychological support to these patients to improve their recovery trajectory and quality of life postoperatively.
A Semiblind Receiver for a Two-Way UAV-Aided PIC System Based on the PARAFAC Model

In this paper, we consider a two-way communication system using the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as a relay (UAV-aided). This system eliminates impulse interference through an adaptive filter based on the least mean square (LMS) and uses the received signal transmitted by the UAVs to construct a parallel factor (PARAFAC) model. Based on the identifiability condition of the PARAFAC model, a pulse interference cancellation orthogonal pilot tensor (PIC-OPT) receiver without iteration is proposed. Our algorithm is also used in millimeter-wave to achieve the acquisition of channel information. Compared with the least squares method, the simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed semiblind receiver in terms of the relative mean square error and bit error rate.
Benzothiadiazole enhances ascorbate recycling and polyphenols accumulation in blueberry in a cultivar-dependent manner

Benzothiadiazole (BTH) is a functional analogue of salicylic acid able to induce systemic acquired resistance in many horticultural crops. The aim of the work was to investigate how BTH may affect i) fruit quality, ii) ascorbic acid (AsA) oxidation and recycling metabolism and iii) phenolic compounds accumulation, during development and ripening of berries from the two selected cultivars. Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) plants (cv ‘Brigitta’ and ‘Duke’) were treated with 0.118 mM BTH every two weeks during ripening, then all fruits of each plant were harvested and divided in four developmental stages. Results indicated that BTH had no marked effects on fruit quality parameters. During the first developmental stage, BTH negatively affected dry matter in both cv, while soluble solids and AsA content were affected in ‘Duke’. In fully ripe berries, BTH reduced dry matter in ‘Duke’ and enhanced soluble solids content in ‘Brigitta’, while diminishing titratable acidity. AsA content was positively affected by BTH in ‘Duke’, but not in ‘Brigitta’. The effect of BTH on the enzymes involved in AsA recycling was recorded in berries at the third (fruit more than half pigmented) and fourth developmental stages. After treatment, in both cv ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity increased in fully ripe berries, while monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activity was stimulated at the third ripening stage. Conversely, the activities of dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) were enhanced only in ‘Brigitta’ and in ‘Duke’, respectively. BTH stimulated total polyphenols, flavonoid and anthocyanin accumulation in ‘Brigitta’ and in ‘Duke’ at the third and fourth ripening stages. In fully ripe berries, BTH enhanced the accumulation of delphinidins, cyanidins, petunidins and peonidins in ‘Brigitta’, while in ‘Duke’ it increased all classes of anthocyanidins, including malvidin. On the contrary, the relative proportion of the individual anthocyanins was only slightly affected by BTH treatment, mainly regarding delphinidin and malvidin at the third and fourth stage of ripening of ‘Duke’ and ‘Brigitta’, respectively. These results show that preharvest BTH application can positively impact on fruit bioactive compounds levels, affecting AsA recycling and content and increasing polyphenols accumulation in fruit, but partly depending on cv and ripening stage.
A fuzzy clustering method for the identification of fuzzy models for dynamic systems

Fuzzy modeling is an important topic in fuzzy sets theory and applications. One particular fuzzy model structure, which can be used effectively to describe the behaviour of complex nonlinear systems, has been given by Takagi and Sugeno (1985). By means of a fuzzy clustering method, a new approach to the identification of this kind of fuzzy model is proposed, which integrates the structure and parameter identification steps, and/or the premise and consequence identification. <<ETX>>
The race for real-time photorealism

Since the 1960s, product designers, architects, lighting planners, gamers and scientific visualizaiton specialists have craved the ability to work in real-time three-dimensional photorealistic virtual worlds. The authors, one specializing in making computer graphics more convincing and the other focusing on making them faster, present the achievements and challenges in the race for real-time photorealistic 3D.
The molecular condensations ahead of Herbig-Haro objects - II. A theoretical investigation of the HH 2 condensation

Clumps of enhanced molecular emission are present close to a number of Herbig-Haro (HH) objects. These enhancements may be the consequence of an active photochemistry driven by the UV radiation originating from the shock front of the HH object. On the basis of this picture and as a follow up to a molecular line survey toward the quiescent molecular clump ahead of the HH object, HH 2 (Girart et al. 2002), we present a detailed time and depth dependent chemical model of the observed clump. Despite several difficulties in matching the observations, we constrain some of the physical and chemical parameters of the clump ahead of HH 2. In particular, we find that the clump is best described by more than one density component with a peak density of 3 × 105 cm-3 and a visual extinction of ≤3.5 mag; its lifetime can not be much higher than 100 years and the impinging radiation is enhanced with respect to the ambient one by probably no more than 3 orders of magnitude. Our models also indicate that carbon-bearing species should not completely hydrogenate as methane when freezing out on grains during the formation of the clump.
Theoretical study of an efficient bracketing camera system architecture

Although High Dynamic Range (HDR) imaging has represented, in the recent years, the topic of important researches, it has not reached yet an excellent level of the HDR scenes acquisition using the available components. Indeed, many solutions have been proposed ranging from bracketing to the beamsplitter but none of these solutions is really consistent with the moving scenes representing light’s level difference. In this paper, we present an optical architecture, which exploits the stereoscopic cameras, ensuring the simultaneous capture of four different exposures of the same image on four sensors with efficient use of the available light. We also present a short description of the implemented fusion algorithm implemented.
Robust iterative learning control design for batch processes with uncertain perturbations and initialization

A robust iterative learning control (ILC) scheme for batch processes with uncertain perturbations and initial conditions is developed. The proposed ILC design is transformed into a robust control design of a 2-D Fornasini–Marchsini model with uncertain parameter perturbations. The concepts of robust stabilities and convergences along batch and time axes are introduced. The proposed design leads to nature integration of an output feedback control and a feedforward ILC to guarantee the robust convergence along both the time and the cycle directions. This design framework also allows easy enhancement of the feedback and/or feedforward controls of the system by extending the learning information along the time and/or the cycle directions. The proposed analysis and design are formulated as matrix inequality conditions that can be solved by an algorithm based on linear matrix inequality. Application to control injection packing pressure shows the proposed ILC scheme and its design are effective. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
The effect of online teaching on basic design studio in the time of COVID-19: an application of the technology acceptance model

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and to reduce its spread, education in Jordan was urgently forced in March 2020 to switch from physical education to distance one. Architecture, accordingly, transitioned suddenly from face-to-face to remote design studio education. Recently, many questions have been raised about the competency of teaching architecture remotely due to its practical nature. This study aimed at investigating the effect of applying a distance studio teaching approach in the first year of architectural education on students' skill acquisition, performance, and achievement. The study used a mixed-method approach to assess students' ‘perceived usefulness’ and ‘perceived ease of use’ of online teaching of the Basic Design course in addition to its effect on the perceivers themselves by applying the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The findings indicate that it can be beneficial in terms of enhancing students' performance, motivation, and interaction and enriching course goals, content, and teaching process.
Formation of mixed hybrid bilayer lipid membrane on transparent thin film oxide electrodes

In this work, we attempted to design phospholipid bilayers tethered to semiconducting metal oxide films. The phospholipid layers assembled on compact monocomponent self-assembled monolayers (SAM) on oxide films were accomplished earlier; however, previous studies indicated a poor ability of these layers to functionally reconstitute transmembrane proteins. Commercially available fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) sheet glass was chosen as a model solid support. FTO surface was functionalised utilising by the mixture of the long and short chain hydrophobic silanes. Specifically, octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTS) were used to assemble mixed silane-based SAMs on FTO. Exposure of mixed SAMs to a solution of multilamellar vesicles of 1,2-dioleoylsn- glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and 40% cholesterol triggered the changes of electrochemical parameters commensurate with the formation of additional dielectric layers of phospholipids.
Carbonaceous Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications as High-Drug Loading Nanocarriers for Sustained Delivery: A Review

Low drug loading and high initial burst release are common drawbacks for most polymeric nanocarriers in their biomedical applications. This review emphasizes the use of unconventional carbonaceous nanocomposites as functional carriers to improve the drug loading capacity and their capability of protecting drugs from the surrounding environment. The unique properties of typical carbonaceous nanocarriers, including nanotube, graphene/graphite, fullerene, and nanodiamonds/diamond-like carbon, are presented. Advanced methods for the surface functionalization of carbonaceous nanocarriers are described, followed by a summary of the most appealing demonstrations for their efficient drug loading and sustained release in vitro or in vivo. The fundamental drug delivery concepts based on controlling mechanisms, such as targeting and stimulation with pH, chemical interactions, and photothermal induction, are discussed. Additionally, the challenges involved in the full utilization of carbonaceous nanocomposites are described, along with the future perspectives of their use for enhanced drug delivery. Finally, despite its recent emergence as a drug carrier, carbon-based nanocellulose has been viewed as another promising candidate. Its structural geometry and unique application in the biomedical field are particularly discussed. This paper, for the first time, taxonomizes nanocellulose as a carbon-based carrier and compares its drug delivery capacities with other nanocarbons. The outcome of this review is expected to open up new horizons of carbonaceous nanocomposites to inspire broader interests across multiple disciplines.
Thermal-noise-limited crystalline whispering-gallery-mode resonator for laser stabilization

We have stabilized an external cavity diode laser to a whispering gallery mode resonator formed by a protrusion of a single-crystal magnesium fluoride cylinder. The cylinder's compact dimensions (less than or similar to 1 cm(3)) reduce the sensitivity to vibrations and simplify the stabilization of its temperature in a compact setup. In a comparison to an ultrastable laser used for precision metrology we determine a minimum Allan deviation of 20Hz at an optical wavelength of 972 nm, corresponding to a relative Allan deviation of 6 x 10(-14), at an integration time of 100 ms. This level of instability is compatible with the limits imposed by fundamental fluctuations of the material's refractive index at room temperature.