Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Law of Public Communication

Preface. 1. Public Communication and the Law. The Sources of Law. The Courts. The Litigation Process: Civil and Criminal. Working with the Law. Limitations of Law. 2. The First Amendment. Theory of Freedom of Expression. Regulating Expression. Tests. Scope of the First Amendment: The Hierarchy of Protected Expression. Who Is Protected? Prior Restraints and Postpublication Punishment. Content-Neutral Regulations. 3. Libel. Libel Terminology. The Plaintiff. The Plaintiff's Burden of Proof. The Defendant's Case. Preventing Libel Suits. Ideas for Reform. 4. Privacy and Personal Security. Private Facts. Intrusion and Trespass. False Light. Commercialization. Emotional Distress and Personal Injury. 5. Intellectual Property. Copyright. Unfair Competition. 6. Corporate Speech. Referenda and Other Public Issues. Elections. Lobbying: The Right to Petition. Communication between Labor and Management. Securities Transactions. 7. Advertising. First Amendment and Advertising. Unfair and Deceptive Advertising. Federal Remedies. Other Federal Regulations. Media's Right to Refuse Advertising. Self-Regulation. 8. Obscenity and Indecency. Obscenity. Violent Pornography. Indecency. Controlling Nonobscene Sexual Expression. 9. The Media and the Judiciary. Defining Jury Bias. Remedies for Prejudicial Publicity. Controlling Conduct in Court. Controlling Prejudicial Publicity. Voluntary Cooperation. Contempt Power. 10. Protection of News Sources, Notes, and Tape. Protection under the Common Law. Protection under the First Amendment. Protection under State Statutes. Protection under Federal Statutes and Regulations. Congressional Authority. Search Warrants. Breaching Confidentiality. 11. Access to Information. Access and the Constitution. Access to Events. Access to Records. Access to Meetings. Obtaining Access: A Final Word. 12. Regulation of Broadcasting. Framework for Broadcast Content Regulations. Federal Communications Commission. Licensing the Broadcast Media. Regulation of Political Candidate Programming. Regulation of Public Issues Programming: The Fairness Doctrine. Other Programming Regulation. Noncommercial Broadcasting. Digital Television (DTV). Low-Power Television (LPTV). 13. Regulation of Cable, Internet, Telephone, and Other Electronic Media. Cable. Internet. Telephone. Other Electronic Communications Media. Appendix A: Finding and Reading the Law. Appendix B: The First Fourteen Amendments to the Constitution. Glossary. Case Index. Subject Index.
Isolation and Investigation of Presumptive Murine Lacrimal Gland Stem Cells.

PURPOSE Aqueous tear deficiency due to lacrimal gland insufficiency is one of the major causes of dry eye disease. In severe cases, such as Sjogren's syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, or ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, therapy with artificial tears is often insufficient to relieve severe discomfort, prevent progressive ocular surface disease, or enable visual rehabilitation by corneal transplantation. Cell or organ generation from stem cells, resulting in tear-like secretion, presents an option as a suitable alternative treatment. To obtain deeper insights into lacrimal gland stem cells we analyzed murine lacrimal glands for markers of pluripotency, self-renewal, and differentiation. METHODS A special, patented technique with mechanical and enzymatic digestion was used to generate high numbers of cells in vitro from murine lacrimal glands. These presumptive "murine lacrimal gland stem cells" ("mLGSCs") can be propagated as monolayer cultures over multiple passages. By means of RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry, markers of pluripotency and differentiation were demonstrated. Hanging drop culture was used to build organoid bodies from mLGSCs to investigate their spontaneous differentiation in three-dimensional culture with histology, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy methods. RESULTS Isolated mLGSCs were cultured over more than 65 passages. Murine lacrimal gland stem cells expressed markers of pluripotency such as Nanog, Sox2, Kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4), as well as early-lineage markers of all three germ layers. Three-dimensional culture of these cells revealed their ability to differentiate into various cell types. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that mLGSCs were isolated and cultured successfully. These cells have the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers. The results provide further insights into lacrimal gland stem cell physiology for engineering of a lacrimal gland construct to treat severe cases of tear deficiency in the future.
Quality of service in Plug-in Electric Vehicle charging infrastructure

Electrification of transportation is offering reduced vehicle emissions and operating costs in addition to increased energy-independence. Electric cars are anticipated to be adopted as passenger vehicles and in commercial fleets in the near future. Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) can drive on battery up to few hundred miles with the current battery technologies. Depleting PHEV batteries are charged from the power grid either with a Level 1 or Level 2 charger where the latter delivers more power than the former. Despite the advantages of PHEVs, charging several PHEVs simultaneously from the same distribution system may cause local outages due to transformer overloading. Thus, PHEV charging infrastructure calls for admission control schemes that operate on the smart grid. It is also essential to provide service differentiation to increase consumer satisfaction. In this paper, we propose a Quality of Service (QoS)-aware admission control scheme for the PHEV charging infrastructure. Our scheme operates on the Energy Management System (EMS) of the smart grid distribution system. The proposed approach relies on a wireless communication network that delivers the demands of PHEVs to the EMS and delivers the admission decisions of EMS to PHEVs. In our admission control scheme, PHEV owners who are willing to pay more can charge faster than the “best-effort” users similar to the Internet traffic service differentiation mechanisms. We provide mathematical analysis and simulation results for the proposed scheme. We show that high priority PHEVs are supplied with higher power rating, hence they are able to charge faster than low priority PHEVs.
What Do Sectoral Dynamics Tell Us About the Origins of Business Cycles?

We use economic theory to rank the impact of structural shocks across sectors. This ranking helps us to identify the origins of U.S. business cycles. To do this, we introduce a Hierarchical Vector Auto-Regressive model, encompassing aggregate and sectoral variables. We find that shocks whose impact originate in the \\"demand\\" side (monetary, household, and government consumption) account for 43 percent more of the variance of U.S. GDP growth at business cycle frequencies than identified shocks originating in the \\"supply\\" side (technology and energy). Furthermore, corporate financial shocks, which theory suggests propagate to large extent through demand channels, account for an amount of the variance equal to an additional 82 percent of the fraction explained by these supply shocks.
A Survey of Kernel Methods in Relation Extraction

We present a comprehensive review of various kernel methods of the relation extraction task. After a brief introduction to the problem and the classifier, we described different methods and techniques used. We then discussed svervel copora and relation extraction approaches in domain of news and bioinformatics. 1 An introduction of relation extraction Relation extraction is a task to identify relations between entities given in natural language texts. It can be further treated as two subtasks: whether there will be a relation between entities, and what the type of that relation. For the sake of clarity, this article only examines binary relations, which only links two given entities. (Bach and Badaskar, 2007) treated relation extraction task as a classification problem. Their definition is fR(T (s)) =  +1 if e1 and e2 are related according to relation R. −1 otherwise (1) In Equation 1, s = w1, . , e1, . , wi, . , e2, . , wn where e1 and e2 are two given entities, T (s) is information that can be extracted from s, and f(.) decides whether the entities in s are in a relation or not. As a classification problem, f(.) can be trained by a set of positive and negative relation instances, hence it is a discriminative classifier. The input of the classifier can be either a set of features extracted from sentences (featurebased methods) or rich structural representation like trees and graphs (kernel methods). In this survey, we will discuss kernel methods in appropriate detail. Feature-based methods will only be briefly mentioned and discussed when they were used in different applications. For the sake of simplicity, this survey uses Support Vector Machines (SVMs) as a example classifier to analysis different methods. But one should note that, all methods discussed can be used in other discriminative classifiers including Perceptron (Rosenblatt, 1958), Principal Component Analysis (Schölkopf et al., 1999), Voted Perceptron, etc. 2 An introduction of Support Vector Classifiers This section describes hyperplane learning in a nutshell. One fundamental learning problems is that given two classes of instances, what class we should assign to with a new instance? This problem can be formalized as: given n training instances {xi, yi} ∈ R × {±1}, i = 1, . , n (2) what the value of y∗ given a new x∗. Here x has D inputs, and y has one of two values +1 or -1. (Vapnik, 1995) considered using a hyperplane to classify the training data (see Figure 1a). The hyperplane can be parameterized by a vector w and a constant b,
Four proteins synthesized in response to deoxyribonucleic acid damage in Micrococcus radiodurans

Four proteins, alpha beta, gamma, and delta, preferentially synthesized in ultraviolet light-treated cells of Micrococcus radiodurans, were characterized in terms of their molecular weights and isoelectric points. Within the sublethal-dose range, the differential rate of synthesis for these proteins increased linearly with the inducing UV dose. The degree of induction reached 100-fold, and the most abundant protein beta, amounted to approximately 2% of the total newly synthesized protein after irradiation. Damage caused by ionizing radiation or by treatment with mitomycin C also provoked the synthesis of the four proteins. The proportions between the individual proteins, however, varied strikingly with the damaging agent. In contrast to treatments which introduced damage in the cellular deoxyribonucleic acid, the mere arrest of deoxyribonucleic acid replication, caused by nalidixic acid or by starvation for thymine, failed to elicit the synthesis of either protein. Repair of deoxyribonucleic acid damage requires that a number of versatile and efficient processes by employed. It is proposed that the induced proteins participate in deoxyribonucleic acid repair in M. radiodurans. Mechanisms are discussed which would allow a differentiated cellular response to damages of sufficiently distinctive nature.
Standardized myocardial segmentation and nomenclature for tomographic imaging of the heart. A statement for healthcare professionals from the Cardiac Imaging Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology of the American Heart Association.

Nuclear cardiology, echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), cardiac computed tomography (CT), positron emission computed tomography (PET), and coronary angiography are imaging modalities that have been used to measure myocardial perfusion, left ventricular function, and coronary anatomy for clinical management and research. Although there are technical differences between these modalities, all of them image the myocardium and the adjacent cavity. However, the orientation of the heart, angle selection for cardiac planes, number of segments, slice display and thickness, nomenclature for segments, and assignment of segments to coronary arterial territories have evolved independently within each field. This evolution has been based on the inherent strengths and weaknesses of the technique and the practical clinical application of these modalities as they are used for patient management. This independent evolution has resulted in a lack of standardization and has made accurate intraand cross-modality comparisons for clinical patient management and research very difficult, if not, at times, impossible. Attempts to standardize these options for all cardiac imaging modalities should be based on the sound principles that have evolved from cardiac anatomy and clinical needs.1–3 Selection of standardized methods must be based on the following criteria:
Energy efficient cache architectures for single, multi and many core processors

With each technology generation we get more transistors per chip. Whilst processor frequencies have increased over the past few decades, memory speeds have not kept pace. Therefore, more and more transistors are devoted to on-chip caches to reduce latency to data and help achieve high performance. On-chip caches consume a significant fraction of the processor energy budget but need to deliver high performance. Therefore cache resources should be optimized to meet the requirements of the running applications. Fixed configuration caches are designed to deliver low average memory access times across a wide range of potential applications. However, this can lead to excessive energy consumption for applications that do not require the full capacity or associativity of the cache at all times. Furthermore, in systems where the clock period is constrained by the access times of level-1 caches, the clock frequency for all applications is effectively limited by the cache requirements of the most demanding phase within the most demanding application. This motivates the need for dynamic adaptation of cache configurations in order to optimize performance while minimizing energy consumption, on a per-application basis. First, this thesis proposes an energy-efficient cache architecture for a single core system, along with a run-time support framework for dynamic adaptation of cache size and associativity through the use of machine learning. The machine learning model, which is trained offline, profiles the application’s cache usage and then reconfigures the cache according to the program’s requirement. The proposed cache architecture has, on average, 18% better energy-delay product than the prior state-of-the-art cache architectures proposed in the literature. Next, this thesis proposes cooperative partitioning, an energy-efficient cache partitioning scheme for multi-core systems that share the Last Level Cache (LLC), with a core to LLC cache way ratio of 1:4. The proposed cache partitioning scheme uses small auxiliary tags to capture each core’s cache requirements, and partitions the LLC according to the individual cores cache requirement. The proposed partitioning uses a way-aligned scheme that helps in the reduction of both dynamic and static energy. This scheme, on an average offers 70% and 30% reduction in dynamic and static energy respectively, while maintaining high performance on par with state-of-the-art cache partitioning schemes. Finally, when Last Level Cache (LLC) ways are equal to or less than the number of cores present in many-core systems, cooperative partitioning cannot be used for partitioning the LLC. This thesis proposes a region aware cache partitioning scheme
Mitochondrial dysregulation: early Warburg effect as a means of risk stratification in colon cancer

There! exists! a! profound! need! for! biomarkers! that! will! allow! for! better! screening! and! risk! stratification! for! colorectal! cancer! (CRC). With! the! advent! of! the! newly! termed! “metabolic! syndrome”,! CRC! prevalence! is! trending! upwards! even! with! much! improved! screening! protocols! and! remains! the! second! leading! cause! of! cancer! related! morbidity. The! “metabolic! syndrome”! refers! to! a! range! of! environmental! risk! factors,! including! diabetes! and! obesity,! thought! to! be! increasing! the! prevalence! of! CRC. An! altered! metabolism! is! seen! in! metabolic! syndrome,! which! affects! cancer! through! changes! in! the! relationship! between! glycolysis,! the! Krebs! cycle,! and! mitochondrial! oxidative! phosphorylation! (OXPHOS). Specifically,! it! has! been! observed! that! highly! proliferative! tumorigenic! cells! are! undergoing! a! shift! away! from! the! energy! efficient! OXPHOS! and! toward! aerobic! glycolysis! even! under! normoxic! conditions. This! effect! has! been! termed,! the! Warburg! Effect. As! a! consequence! of! endogenous! (e.g.! genetic,! diabetes! etc.)! and! exogenous! (e.g.! diet,! smoking! etc.)! factors,! alterations! in! cell! proliferation/death! have! been! shown! to! occur! throughout! the! colon! reflecting! the! diffuse! “field! of! injury”! (field! carcinogenesis). Also! due! to! high! energy! demands! it! is! recognized! that! the! hyperO proliferative! mucosa! contiguous! to! colonic! tumors! may! be! hyperOmetabolic. Our!
A Framework for File Format Fuzzing with Genetic Algorithms

Secure software, meaning software free from vulnerabilities, is desirable in today’s marketplace. Consumers are beginning to value a product’s security posture as well as its functionality. Software development companies are recognizing this trend, and they are factoring security into their entire software development lifecycle. Secure development practices like threat modeling, static analysis, safe programming libraries, run-time protections, and software verification are being mandated during product development. Mandating these practices improves a product’s security posture before customer delivery, and these practices increase the difficulty of discovering and exploiting vulnerabilities. Since the 1980’s, security researchers have uncovered software defects by fuzz testing an application. In fuzz testing’s infancy, randomly generated data could discover multiple defects quickly. However, as software matures and software development companies integrate secure development practices into their development life cycles, fuzzers must apply more sophisticated techniques in order to retain their ability to uncover defects. Fuzz testing must evolve, and fuzz testing practitioners must devise new algorithms to exercise an application in unexpected ways. This dissertation’s objective is to create a proof-of-concept genetic algorithm fuzz testing framework to exercise an application’s file format parsing routines. The framework includes multiple genetic algorithm variations, provides a configuration scheme, and correlates data gathered from static and dynamic analysis to guide negative test case evolution. Experiments conducted for this dissertation illustrate the effectiveness of a genetic algorithm fuzzer in comparison to standard fuzz testing tools. The experiments showcase a genetic algorithm fuzzer’s ability to discover multiple unique defects within a limited number of negative test cases. These experiments also highlight an application’s increased execution time when fuzzing with a genetic algorithm. To combat increased execution time, a distributed architecture is implemented and additional experiments demonstrate a decrease in execution time comparable to standard fuzz testing tools. A final set of experiments provide guidance on fitness function selection with a CHC genetic algorithm fuzzer with different population size configurations.
Unsupervised Clustering of Residential Electricity Consumption Measurements for Facilitated User-Centric Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is a low-cost alternative to appliance level sub-metering, that leverages signal processing and machine learning techniques to estimate the power consumption of individual appliances from whole-home measurements. However, the difficulty associated with obtaining training data sets for the commonly used supervised NILM classification algorithms is a major obstacle in wide commercial adoption of the technology. The diversity of electrical load signatures (patterns of appliances’ power draw) demands in-situ training (labeling of the signatures), which often needs to be performed by ordinary users through usersystem interaction. To produce the example signatures required for training, continuous interaction with users might be required, which could reduce the success of the training process due to user fatigue. Pre-populating the training data set could help facilitate the process by reducing the number of user-system interactions needed for labeling. Taking into consideration all the issues described above, a study to test the feasibility of autonomous clustering of similar appliances’ signatures based on hierarchical clustering was investigated. The information contained in the structure of the binary cluster tree was used for clustering without the need for a priori selection of the number of clusters. The assessment, carried out on data collected from a residential setting, showed promising results (with accuracy above 90%, calculated based on the ground truth labels) supporting the feasibility of the approach for unsupervised clustering.
Growth performance of indigenous chickens under intensive management conditions in Northwest Ethiopia

A study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance of indigenous and Rhode Island Red (RIR) chickens under intensive management conditions for 22 weeks using standard commercial diets. Eggs from seven indigenous chicken lines were collected from the respective administrative zones in northwest Ethiopia and hatched. The experimental layout was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Data on feed consumption, body weight and related parameters were recorded up to the age of 22 weeks. The mean total feed intakes at the end of the growth phase were 13799, 15162, 13438, 13249, 13813, 13356, 14112 and 12832 g for the Tilili, Gellilia, Debre-Ellias, Mello-Hamusit, Gassay, Guangua, Mecha and RIR, respectively. There was no significant difference in feed consumption among the tested chicken ecotypes. However, a significant difference was observed in the average body weight and body weight gain between the different lines. The mean body weights for Tilili, Gellilia, Debre-Ellias, Mello-Hamusit, Gassay, Guangua, Mecha and RIR were 1191, 1186, 1054, 1222, 1038, 1249, 1257 and 1394 g, respectively. Mortality from hatching to end of the growth period was higher for all the indigenous lines in comparison to the RIR. The mortality rates from day old to 22 weeks varied from 18.9% (RIR) to 82.4% (Debre-Ellias),
How to Create Brand Love in Private Label: The Role of Satisfaction as Intervening Variable

Private brand is a store own brand that sold products only by its store. A store usually sold its brand with lower price than national brand. However, it is still challenging for store brand to compete with national brand in recent days. Most of buyers are likely to choose national brand considering their lack of risk, experience, and time usage. The store marketers need to change the buyer’s paradigm from trial to be loyal, from substitute to love the brand. Previous study proved that brand love plays a crucial role to build brand loyalty. This study aims are to provide the antecedents of brand love and to deliver the strategies in changing to love the store brand. This research also contributes fresh understanding consider investigation about brand love in private label is new also. The samples are taken by purposive sample with cross-sectional survey. The respondents are private label buyers who bought more than one product category of store brand and more than single purchase. Data are gathered from 160 respondents who qualified from 180 distributed questioners. The result showed that brand identification, brand experience, and satisfaction have significant relation to brand love. Surprisingly, satisfaction plays as intervening variable from brand identification to brand love