Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Acoustic Correlates of Domain-initial Strengthening in Lexical Segmentation of English by Native Korean Listeners

The current study investigated the role of acoustic correlates of domain-initial strengthening in lexical segmentation of a non-native language. In a series of cross-modal identity-priming experiments, native Korean listeners heard English auditory stimuli and made lexical decision to visual targets (i.e., written words). The auditory stimuli contained critical two word sequences which created temporal lexical ambiguity (e.g., 'mill#company', with the competitor 'milk'). There was either an IP boundary or a word boundary between the two words in the critical sequences. The initial CV of the second word (e.g., [k? ] in 'company') was spliced from another token of the sequence in IP- or Wd-initial positions. The prime words were postboundary words (e.g., company) in Experiment 1, and preboundary words (e.g., mill) in Experiment 2. In both experiments, Korean listeners showed priming effects only in IP contexts, indicating that they can make use of IP boundary cues of English in lexical segmentation of English. The acoustic correlates of domain-initial strengthening were also exploited by Korean listeners, but significant effects were found only for the segmentation of postboundary words. The results therefore indicate that L2 listeners can make use of prosodically driven phonetic detail in lexical segmentation of L2, as long as the direction of those cues are similar in their L1 and L2. The exact use of the cues by Korean listeners was, however, different from that found with native English listeners in Cho, McQueen, and Cox (2007). The differential use of the prosodically driven phonetic cues by the native and non-native listeners are thus discussed.
A Question Answering System being able to Infer based on Definition and Acquire of Knowledge in English Text of the Written Language

In recent years, question answering systems attract attention as one of the new information search technologies. In contrast, we have proposed the new question answering system that can produce new knowledge by the logical inference. The proposed system needs two characteristics that are“The logical inference using the knowledge. ”and“Dealing with the diversity of the natural language. ”. For the realization of it, in this paper, we construct the question answering processing section that can perform the logical inference in the proposed system. Our system performs inference based on ”knowledge sentence” and ”definition sentence”. Our system can perform a more complicated logical inference by using definition sentences, and performing the inference repeatedly. Thereby, the new knowledge not acquired by only human beings may be produced by logical combination of knowledge. In the future, our system can be expected high usefulness as a system supporting human intellectual
Arabic International Phonetic Alphabet

Since the invention of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) in 1886, it remains the only alphabet that can represent all the sounds of world languages. However, the IPA symbols are based on the Roman letters. This means that speakers of languages which possess different orthography are not able to use them. For example, Arab linguists and researchers find it almost impossible to use IPA when they write in Arabic script; Arabic orthography differs in shape and direction of writing. In addition, IPA does not have symbols for the emphatic sounds: / ,/ط/ ,/ض/ ,/ص ظ/ /. To make it possible for Arab linguists and researcher who work on language sounds, a new alphabet has been designed. This paper is to present Arabic International Phonetic Alphabet (AIPA). AIPA consists of symbols that are based on Arabic orthographic system. It covers all the symbols in IPA in addition to some Arabic sounds which do not have representations in IPA. AIPA has been designed and now is available as Fonts. The AIPA fonts can be used in typing and entering linguistic data to computers. AIPA symbols differ from Arabic orthography in terms of independency; each symbol is not connected to the adjacent symbols. So, an Arabic word such as " صوتية " is written as: . \صاوتئ2ياه\
Celebrating the ACP Centennial: From the Annals ArchiveCervical Cancer Screening

During the 2015 centennial year of the American College of Physicians, publisher of Annals of Internal Medicine, Annals editors will link an article in each issue with an earlier paper from our archives addressing the same disease or clinical question. We hope our readers find this interesting and we welcome comments, especially from physicians who were practicing at the time of publication of the original paper who might offer insight into the impact of the earlier paper on their knowledge or practice. In this issue, Sawaya and colleagues (1) summarize current evidence for the benefits and harms of periodic cervical cancer screening and make recommendations on the frequency of such testing. In the 1940s, cervical cancer was a major cause of death in U.S. women of reproductive age. However, with widespread cervical cancer screening using the Pap smear (named after its developer, Dr. George Papanicolaou), the death rate from cervical cancer plunged. In a 1949 Annals article (2), Dr. Papanicolaou discussed the role of exfoliative cytology in differentiating cervical from endometrial cancer and in detecting cancer in many other sites. Referring to early discussions of the Pap smear, he wrote, "Nor did I know then that the diagnosis of carcinomas of the cervix by the smear method would be possible at an early asymptomatic stage, making it useful in detecting unsuspected lesions, which might still be invisible. "
Antibiotic allergy testing and its impact on antimicrobial stewardship

L9. AAAAI. March 5, 2017 (Atlanta, GA). 9. Trubiano JA et al. The impact of antibiotic allergy testing on antibiotic utilization in immunocompromised hosts – a multicentre antimicrobial stewardship intervention. Oral ePoster presentation #2055. ECCMID, April 24, 2007 (Vienna, Austria). 10. Trubiano JA et al. The combined utility of IFN-γ release enzyme linked immunospot assay and in vivo skin testing in patients with antibioticassociated severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions #25 Oral abstract ASCIA conference. September 14, 2017 (Auckland, New Zealand).
Use of machine learning approaches to improve non-invasive skin melanoma diagnostic method in spectral range 450 - 950nm

Non-invasive skin cancer diagnostic methods develop rapidly thanks to Deep Learning and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Currently, two types of diagnostics are popular: (a) using single image taken under white illumination and (b) using multiple images taken in narrow spectral bands. The first method is easier to implement, but it is limited in accuracy. The second method is more sensitive, because it is possible to use illumination considering the absorption bands of the skin chromophores and the optical properties of the skin. Currently CNN use a single white light image, due to the availability of large datasets with lesion images. Since CNN processing and analysis requires a large image database, only mathematical models have been used for multispectral diagnostics so far. Several scientific groups have created unique CNN, but the possibility of sharing pre-trained CNN models is limited due to the diversity of spectral bands used for skin lesion imaging. Current CNN models require image sets where each skin lesion has the same number of specific spectral bands. Therefore, researchers are unable to share their trained CNN models and each team uses a limited amount of skin lesions for CNN training. The paper proposes multi-input CNN architecture with a special encoding layer that allows using images in arbitrary spectral bands. That will allow sharing pre-trained models with other researchers to fine tune the model using additional wavebands. Additionally, the proposed model can adopt images taken under white illumination. As a result, it will be able to increase current melanoma detection accuracy
Forecast for the Number of Colonies and Honey Yield in Turkey

FAO 2017 verilerine gore, dunya bal uretiminde Turkiye Cin’den sonra ikinci sirada olup; koloni sayisi bakimindan ucuncu sirada yer almaktadir. Ancak, Turkiye koloni basi bal verimi bakimindan on siralarda yer alamamaktadir. Turkiye Istatistik Kurumu (TUIK) verilerine gore Turkiye’nin toplam kovan sayisi 2018 yilinda 7.904. 502, bal uretimi 107.920 ton olarak belirlenmisken; ortalama bal verimi 13,7 kg olarak hesaplanmistir. Gelecek yillarda kovan sayisi ve bal verimindeki degisimin nasil olacaginin ongorulmesi ile aricilara ve politika yapicilara onbilgi verilmesi ekonomik acidan onem arz etmektedir. Bu nedenle calismada gecmis yillara ait kovan sayisi ve bal verimleri kullanilarak, gelecek 5 yila ait uretim degerlerini tahmin etmek amaclanmistir. Bu amac icin son 50 yillik doneme ait (1969-2018) veriler kullanilarak, bes yillik (2019-2023) tahminde bulunulmustur. TUIK ve FAO’dan elde edilen verilere kovan sayisi ve bal verimi icin ARIMA (1,1,0) birinci derece otoregresif zaman serisi modeli kullanilmistir. Verilerin analizinde SPSS programindan yararlanilmistir. Elde edilen sonuclara gore, 2018 yilina kiyasla 2019 ve 2023 yillari arasinda koloni sayisinda %1,3 ile %7,4 arasinda artis beklenmektedir. Ayrica, bal veriminin 2018'e gore %2,77 ile %3,12 arasinda artmasi beklenmektedir. Koloni sayisinin artmasi ve koloni basina bal veriminin daha az artmasinin beklenmesi, onumuzdeki yillarda uretim maliyetlerini artiracagi icin tuketiciler bal ve bal arisi urunlerini daha yuksek bir fiyata tuketeceklerdir. Sonuc olarak, aricilar, koloni sayisinin arttirilmasinin yani sira aricilik ekonomisine, tuketicilere ve ulke ekonomisine yonelik koloni basina bal verimini arttirmaya ozen gostermelidir.
Extensible Particle Swarm Optimization Technique Using Route Set Choosing Algorithm in MANET

MANET is a wireless medium and it is infrastructure less service. It did not have any basic infrastructure. In mobile ad hoc network nodes are independent nodes, which are travel along a network without any restriction. Then it focuses the communication within range, and quantity of nodes for geographical packet forwarding procedure. Each node will act as sender and also receiver. Recent issues in mobile network are load imbalance, more communication delay, finding best path is difficult and energy consumption for the specific routing path. Terminal reliability doesn’t consider for this swarm improvement process, by utilizing different superfluous ways between the source and the goal, which limits the authority of this issue. This reduces the network lifetime, efficiency and increases the delay. The Proposed Extensible Particle Swarm optimization (EPSO) technique is implemented to obtain the reliable routing path, which has better achievable reliable lifetime, because nodes are ready to forward data packet continuously. The route set choosing algorithm is designed to discover the efficient node sets and fix the load-balancing path. This manages the heavy load during communication period by optimizing efficient path. This improves the network lifetime, efficiency and reduces the end-to-end delay.
Global genetic patterns reveal host tropism versus cross-taxon transmission of bat Betacoronaviruses

Emerging infectious diseases due to coronavirus (CoV) infections have received significant global attention in the past decade and have been linked to bats as the original source. The diversity, distribution, and host associations of bat CoVs were investigated to assess their potential for zoonotic transmission. Phylogenetic, network, and principal coordinate analysis confirmed the classification of betacoronaviruses (BetaCoVs) into five groups (2A to 2E) and a potentially novel group, with further division of 2D into five subgroups. The genetic co-clustering of BetaCoVs among closely related bats reflects host taxon-specificity with each bat family as the host for a specific BetaCoV group, potentially a natural barrier against random transmission. The divergent pathway of BetaCoV and host evolution suggests that the viruses were introduced just prior to bat dispersal and speciation. As such, deviant patterns were observed such as for 2D-IV, wherein cross-taxon transmission due to overlap in bat habitats and geographic range among genetically divergent African bat hosts could have played a strong role on their shared CoV lineages. In fact, a few bat taxa especially the subfamily Pteropodinae were shown to host diverse groups of BetaCoVs. Therefore, ecological imbalances that disturb bat distribution may lead to loss of host specificity through cross-taxon transmission and multi-CoV infection. Hence, initiatives that minimize the destruction of wildlife habitats and limit wildlife-livestock-human interfaces are encouraged to help maintain the natural state of bat BetaCoVs in the wild. Importance Bat Betacoronaviruses (BetaCoVs) pose a significant threat to global public health and have been implicated in several epidemics such as the recent pandemic by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Here, we show that bat BetaCoVs are predominantly host-specific, which could be a natural barrier against infection of other host types. However, a strong overlap in bat habitat and geographic range may facilitate viral transmission to unrelated hosts, and a few bat families have already been shown to host multi-CoV variants. We predict that continued disturbances on the ecological balance may eventually lead to loss of host specificity. When combined with enhanced wildlife-livestock-human interfaces, spillover to humans may be further facilitated. We should therefore start to define the ecological mechanisms surrounding zoonotic events. Global surveillance should be expanded and strengthened to assess the complete picture of bat coronavirus diversity and distribution and their potential to cause spillover infections.
On analysing sustainability assessment in manufacturing organisations: a survey

Manufacturing organisations are now facing unexpected challenges due to scarcity of the natural resources and consequent governmental rules that urge to adopt new organisational or even manufacturing strategies. Adopting the sustainability paradigm at the present seems to be the only viable strategy to respond appropriately to this changed market conditions and customer’s demand. As the pressure for changing the traditional manufacturing approach to reach a sustainable operating condition increases, the urge for assessing their sustainability performance has been reinforced accordingly. Various methods have been accomplished so far, trying to find a way to assess the sustainability state of companies, to select among sustainable solutions, to define and to solve practical problems and to identify potential sustainable solutions. Due to this abundance, the present study is cantered by a systematic literature review based on sustainable manufacturing and sustainability assessment to explore questions on sustainable manufacturing: ‘How can sustainable manufacturing be achieved? ’ and ‘How can sustainable manufacturing be assessed? ’ The study led to stipulation of the true essence of sustainable manufacturing and sustainability assessment. It also brought new hints on the sustainability assessment of manufacturing recognising true gaps needed to be filled. Furthermore, to investigate the regularity of the methods and tools of sustainability assessment, a Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) was adopted. At the end, a new holistic framework for sustainability assessment in a manufacturing organisation is proposed.
Calreticulin co-expression supports high level production of a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike mimetic in Nicotiana benthamiana

An effective prophylactic vaccine is urgently needed to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The viral spike, which mediates entry into cells by interacting with the host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, is the primary target of most vaccines in development. These vaccines aim to elicit protective immunity against the glycoprotein by use of inactivated virus, vector-mediated delivery of the antigen in vivo, or by direct immunization with the purified antigen following expression in a heterologous system. These approaches are mostly dependent on the growth of mammalian or insect cells, which requires a sophisticated infrastructure that is not generally available in developing countries due to the incumbent costs which are prohibitive. Plant-based subunit vaccine production has long been considered as a cheaper alternative, although low expression yields and differences along the secretory pathway to mammalian cells have posed a challenge to producing certain viral glycoproteins. Recent advances that have enabled many of these constraints to be addressed include expressing the requisite human proteins in plants to support the maturation of the protein of interest. In this study we investigated these approaches to support the production of a soluble and putatively trimeric SARS-CoV-2 spike mimetic in Nicotiana benthamiana via transient Agrobacterium-mediated expression. The co-expression of human calreticulin dramatically improved the accumulation of the viral spike, which was barely detectable in the absence of the co-expressed accessory protein. The viral antigen was efficiently processed even in the absence of co-expressed furin, suggesting that processing may have occurred at the secondary cleavage site and was mediated by an endogenous plant protease. In contrast, the spike was not efficiently processed when expressed in mammalian cells as a control, although the co-expression of furin improved processing considerably. This study demonstrates the feasibility of molecular engineering to improve the production of viral glycoproteins in plants, and supports plant-based production of SARS-CoV-2 spike-based vaccines and reagents for serological assays.
A hybrid approach for human motion retrieval

A HYBRID APPROACH FOR HUMAN MOTION RETRIEVAL Yağız Salor M.S. in Computer Engineering Advisor: Prof. Dr. Bülent Özgüç Co-Advisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tolga Çapın October, 2015 Retrieving similar motions from motion databases has become an essential topic of computer animation research. The use of binary geometric features and inverted indexes is one of the efficient solutions to this problem. This approach can be used with variation and inexactness algorithms for fuzzy searches. However, close similarity searches are not possible. In addition, the process is not automatic since it needs user input for selecting binary features to use. In another efficient approach, k-d tree with medium sized numerical based feature sets and shortest path search on a directed graph are used. However, it does not propose any tool for fuzzy searches. In this thesis, we propose a hybrid approach that utilizes numerical based feature sets, k-d tree based indexing structure and inverted index based motion matching technique. Our hybrid approach does not need user input, can be used in environments requiring close similarity of motions and can be used with variation and inexactness algorithms. Our results show that our hybrid approach is useful and efficient for similarity searches on motion databases.
Aroma fingerprint characterisation of La Mancha red wines

In the present study, Rojal, Moravia Dulce and Tortosi wines were elaborated across four harvests (2006 to 2009) from minority red grape varieties cultivated in the La Mancha region of Spain. Wines were studied by instrumental and sensory analysis to determine the influence of grape variety on the aroma of the wine. Aroma compounds were isolated by solid phase extraction (SPE) to later be analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The odour activity values (OAVs) for the different compounds were classified into seven odorant series that describe the aroma profile of these wines (1: fruity, 2: floral, 3: green/fresh, 4: sweet, 5: spice, 6: fatty, and 7: other odours). The total intensities of every aromatic series were calculated as sum of the OAV of each one of the compounds assigned to this series. All wines showed the same sequence, with the highest aroma contribution being those of the sweet and fruity series, followed by fatty. The sensory profile of Rojal, Moravia Dulce and Tortosi wines was evaluated by experienced wine tasters using a non-structured scale. The panellists founded several differences between their sensory profiles. This study provides a complete aromatic characterisation of these wines.
Challenges of Bandwidth and Power Limitations in Cellular Communication: A Review

To accommodate the current huge demand for wireless services and the anticipated future growth, there is need to review the factors affecting wireless channel capacity and techniques that can improve capacities of wireless communications. The key resources of wireless communication are available bandwidth and signal power. But these resources are limited; which in turn limit the carrying capacity of wireless system. The major reasons for their limitations are government regulations of the transmission bandwidth and the low powered devices of wireless systems. The limited wireless resources have driven operators to seek for techniques that enhance channel capacity. But each technique or method adopted comes with its own challenges. In this paper, the limiting factors affecting wireless channel capacity are discussed. In addition, various techniques developed to enhance wireless system capacity and the limitations of each of these techniques are reviewed
Investigation of Solar Radiation Pressure on HAMR Objects

These High area-to-mass ratio (HAMR) objects are a new class of debris objects that have been found in GEO-like orbits with high eccentricities. It is speculated that these objects originated from satellites in GEO and migrated to their current orbits. This migration is likely due to perturbations that have a strong impact on HAMR objects because of their high area and low mass. Solar radiation pressure (SRP), in particular, strongly affects HAMR objects and can cause large variations in eccentricity and inclination over time. Several studies observing and modeling HAMR objects have noted these changes in eccentricity and inclination, and also the periodic behavior of these elements due to the rotation of the Earth about the Sun. Models for HAMR object behavior are currently insufficient, and better knowledge of these orbits is needed due to their close proximity with the highly populated GEO regime. The current research utilizes a simple model for the acceleration due to SRP to model the changes in orbital elements over time for HAMR objects. The results are compared to previous studies and are found to agree well with higher fidelity models as well as observations of HAMR objects. The model is also used to propagate HAMR object orbits with a varying area-to-mass ratio over time. These results confirm that the area-tomass ratio has a very strong impact on the way the orbital parameters vary with time.