Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the Integrated Processing Technology of Primary Processing for Asparagi Radix by HPLC-CAD Combined with the Box-Behnken Design

Background Asparagi Radix (AR) is one of the widely used Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) for clinical applications, owning the effects of clearing the lungs and promoting body fluid, nourishing yin, and moistening the lung. To reduce the loss of active ingredients and improve production efficiency, the integrated processing technology of primary processing was used to obtain the decoction pieces of AR. However, there are no specific processing methods and index ingredients of AR in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition). Materials and Methods This study aimed to establish a method of content determination of protodioscin and asparagine by high-performance liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detector (HPLC-CAD) as the index of process optimization. Furthermore, Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the integrated processing technology of primary processing. Results The result showed the contents of protodioscin and asparagine could reach 0.2678% and 0.4114%, respectively, both above the traditional process. After verification, the actual value (99.56) and predicted value (101.15) were similar, indicating that the integrated technology was feasible. In particular, the optimized process parameters of boiling time, drying time, and temperature were 25 min, 12 h, and 60°C, respectively. Conclusion In summary, these research findings may provide a reference for the primary processing and quality control of AR.
Process, Policy, and Implementation of Pool‐Wide Drawdowns on the Upper Mississippi River: A Promising Approach for Ecological Restoration of Large Impounded Rivers

The Upper Mississippi River (UMR) has been developed and subsequently managed for commercial navigation by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). The navigation pools created by a series of lock and dams initially provided a complex of aquatic habitats that supported a variety of fish and wildlife. However, biological productivity declined as the pools aged. The River Resources Forum, an advisory body to the St. Paul District of the USACE, established a multiagency Water Level Management Task Force (WLMTF) to evaluate the potential of water level management to improve ecological function and restore the distribution and abundance of fish and wildlife habitat. The WLMTF identified several water level management options and concluded that summer growing season drawdowns at the pool scale offered the greatest potential to provide habitat benefits over a large area. Here we summarize the process followed to plan and implement pool‐wide drawdowns on the UMR, including involvement of stakeholders in decision making, addressing requirements to modify reservoir operating plans, development and evaluation of drawdown alternatives, pool selection, establishment of a monitoring plan, interagency coordination, and a public information campaign. Three pool‐wide drawdowns were implemented within the St. Paul District and deemed successful in providing ecological benefits without adversely affecting commercial navigation and recreational use of the pools. Insights are provided based on more than 17 years of experience in planning and implementing drawdowns on the UMR. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Convective Ice Lofting on H2O and HDO in the Tropical Tropopause Layer

[1] We have added convective ice lofting to a Lagrangian trajectory model of tropical tropopause layer (TTL) water vapor (H2O) and its stable isotopologue, HDO. The Lagrangian model has been previously shown to accurately simulate H2O in the TTL and lower stratosphere. We show here that the model does a poor job reproducing the observed HDO depletion (δD) in the TTL. When convective ice lofting to altitudes below the cold point (the point where air experiences its lowest H2O saturation mixing ratio) is added to the model, there is little change in H2O in the lower stratosphere, but a large change in δD throughout the TTL that brings the model into better agreement with measurements. Thus convective ice lofting has the capacity to improve the model's δD simulation while not significantly degrading the agreement between simulated and measured H2O. Convective ice lofting to altitudes above the cold point, on the other hand, has a large effect on lower stratospheric H2O, suggesting that changes in convection reaching these altitudes could drive changes in lower stratospheric H2O. This suggests a mechanism by which lower stratospheric H2O trends may be at least partially decoupled from tropopause temperature trends. Such a disconnection was suggested by previous observations of simultaneously increasing stratospheric H2O and a cooling tropical tropopause.
A microstructural imprint of melt impregnation in slow spreading lithosphere: Olivine‐rich troctolites from the Atlantis Massif, Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, 30°N, IODP Hole U1309D

The 1415 m deep IODP Hole U1309D (Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, 30°N) is the second deepest hole drilled into slow spreading oceanic lithosphere. The recovered section comprises essentially gabbroic rocks, with a large range of compositions. The most primitive end‐members of the gabbroic sequence, herein referred to as olivine‐rich troctolites (ol > ∼70%), have textures and geochemical compositions intermediate between that of mantle peridotites and primitive cumulates, indicative of melt impregnation processes. We carried out a detailed microstructural study to further characterize the petrogenetic processes leading to their formation, as well as discuss their mode of emplacement and relationship with neighboring mantle lithosphere. In olivine‐rich troctolites, olivines range from coarse‐grained subhedral crystals, commonly containing well‐developed subgrains, to medium‐grained rounded crystals with fewer or no substructures. They are embedded in large, undeformed pyroxene and plagioclase poikiloblasts. Olivine substructures reveal dislocation creep that is consistent with activation of the main high‐temperature slip systems, dominantly (010)[100]. Olivine crystallographic preferred orientation is very weak but generally shows a relatively stronger, uncommon [001] concentration. These unusual olivine fabrics are interpreted as resulting from melt impregnation of a previously deformed olivine matrix: the solid olivine framework is disrupted by olivine corrosion along grain and subgrain boundaries, and the high‐temperature plastic fabric is modified in a liquid‐dominated regime. Based on mineral composition and fabrics and in comparison with what is observed in impregnated mantle rocks elsewhere, we posit that olivine represents relicts of mantle peridotites disaggregated by large melt influx, although the mantle origin of olivine is not unequivocally demonstrated yet. Whatever the initial lithology, impregnation by large volumes of melt has strongly modified the original composition and microstructure. If the mantle origin hypothesis is correct, the original olivine fabric could have been efficiently weakened by dunitization prior to disruption of the olivine framework by melt impregnation. Incorporation, at the base of the lithosphere, of small slivers of impregnated dunite into gabbroic sections, trapped between successive igneous units, may be a common mechanism of lower crustal accretion at slow spreading ridges. Extensive melt‐rock interaction processes are expected to contribute significantly to the final chemical composition of erupted lavas.
Are the outcome goals of individuals who give their time freely as volunteers in credit unions aligned with the outcome goals of the credit union as an organisation

This dissertation examines the potential of recruitment techniques to inform the effectiveness of volunteers and their selection of organisations who align their outcome goals effectively. In order to build a more cohesive understanding of a potential volunteering practice in the sector, possible applications of recruitment techniques to inform the potential volunteers, which are then determined and contrasted with areas for amendment and improvement to align with traits that volunteers exhibit. In this regard, the researcher unveils various findings that have not been addressed in previous academic literature. The research methodology undertaken is underpinned by a qualitative method research design which entails exploratory and descriptive components. In-depth interviews as the first stage of research are utilised as qualitative data collection technique in order to receive detailed responses to complex issues revealing the correspondents logic and thinking process. The outcome of this endeavour is the presentation of several conceptual and contextual insights into the applicability of volunteering recruitment techniques to inform the effectiveness of the volunteering sector. It can be argued that the motivational factors mentioned above are applicable to both the volunteer donating their time and to the members of that same organisation providing an opportunity for the volunteer to experience a value which they seek. The basis of this research proposal is focused on Irish credit unions specifically. In the conclusion, it will be shown that the approach an organisation takes in its recruitment, maintenance, management and mindfulness of volunteers will reduce the challenge to recruitment and retention. In addition, the placement of volunteers within the organisation at all levels enhances the experience of the volunteers and the organisation alike while at all times being mindful of increasing regulatory and legislative environments.
Chemical and physical responses to deformation in micaceous quartzites from the Tauern Window, Eastern Alps

Micaceous quartzites from a subvertical shear zone in the Tauern Window contain abundant quartz clasts derived from dismembered quartz‐tourmaline veins. Bulk plane strain deformation affected these rocks at amphibolite facies conditions. Shape changes suggest net shortening of the clasts by 11–64%, with a mean value of 35%. Quartz within the clasts accommodated this strain largely via dislocation creep processes. On the high‐stress flanks of the clasts, however, quartz was removed via solution mass transfer (pressure solution) processes; the resulting change in bulk composition allowed growth of porphyroblastic staurolite + chlorite ± kyanite on the clast flanks. Matrix SiO2 contents decrease from c. 83 wt% away from the clasts to 49–58% in the selvages on the clast flanks. The chemical changes are consistent with c. 70% volume loss in the high‐stress zones. Calculated shortening values within the clast flanks are similar to the volume‐loss estimates, and are greatly in excess of the shortening values calculated from the clasts themselves. Flow laws for dislocation creep versus pressure solution imply large strain‐rate gradients and/or differential stress gradients between the matrix and the clast selvages. In a rock containing a large proportion of semirigid clasts, weakening within the clast flanks could dominate rock rheology. In our samples, however, weakening within the selvages was self limiting: (1) growth of strong staurolite porphyroblasts in the selvages protected remaining quartz from dissolution; and (2) overall flattening of the quartz clasts probably decreased the resolved shear stress on the flanks to values near those of the matrix, which would have reduced the driving force for solution‐transfer creep. Extreme chemical changes nonetheless occurred over short distances. The necessity of maintaining strain compatibility may lead to significant localized dissolution in rocks containing rheologic heterogeneities, and overall weakening of the rocks may result. Solution‐transfer creep may be a major process whereby weakening and strain localization occur during deep‐crustal metamorphism of polymineralic rocks.
Boreal tree pollen sensed by polarization lidar: Depolarizing biogenic chaff

Polarization (0.694 μm) lidar measurements show that tree pollen can generate strong laser depolarization in the backscatter from the lower atmosphere. Examples are given illustrating that linear depolarization ratios up to 0.3 are measured in plumes of paper birch pollen at the onset of boreal forest green‐out. These pollen are ∼25 μm in diameter and near‐spherical in shape, but with lobes protruding from a surface membrane, which appears to produce the depolarization. Similar lidar findings are frequently observed during the summer at Fairbanks, Alaska, indicating that various types of seasonal pollen releases may be identified by polarization lidar. This scattering behavior is likely a general attribute of pollen and other suspended biogenic debris, which has implications for benefiting human health. This source of laser depolarization should not be confused with the presence of airborne dust or certain pollution particles, but is a natural background aerosol component caused by plant reproduction, as should be recognized in current global polarization lidar aerosol research using the CALIPSO satellite.
Plantation livelihoods in central Vietnam: Implications for household vulnerability and community resilience

Thulstrup, A.W. 2014. Plantation livelihoods in central Vietnam: Implications for household vulnerability and community resilience. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift–Norwegian Journal of Geography Vol. 68, 1–9. ISSN 0029-1951. Social vulnerability to disturbances is influenced by the economic and political context in which actors and institutions both enable and constrain household access to productive resources. These resources are crucial as a means for mitigating, coping, and responding to impacts of natural disturbances. The Vietnamese Government has formulated policies aimed at achieving dual objectives of socio-economic development and environmental protection through the expansion of plantation forests. Negative social impacts and worrying environmental trends have been noted by a number of scholars. However, few studies have examined these issues at the local level or analysed the interplay between plantation forest expansion, household vulnerability, and community resilience to climatic disturbances. The article documents the extent to which the introduction of acacia tree species has reinforced existing inequalities in landholding, which in turn increases household vulnerability to natural disturbances. This has resulted in the emergence of a social-ecological context characterized by decreasing resilience. The most vulnerable households are those of the landless and ethnic minorities, both of which depend on short-term insecure income from casual labour. A growing concentration of landholdings, coupled with a commune economy based on monoculture plantations, threatens resilience and potentially could constrain future government development interventions.
Assessment of demand for food under concurrent PR and FR schedules in the brushtail possum (Trichosurus Vulpecula)

We examined whether temporal context influences how animals produce a time interval. Six pigeons pecked one key to start an interval and then another key to end the interval. Reinforcement followed whenever the interval duration fell within a range of values signaled by the keylight colors. During Phase 1, keylight colors S1 and L1, intermixed across trials, signaled the ranges (0.5-1.5 s) and (1.5- 4.5 s), respectively. During Phase 2, colors S2 and L2 signaled the ranges (1.5-4.5 s) and (4.5-13.5 s), respectively. We asked whether the intervals produced in the presence of L1 and S2, stimuli signalling the same range, varied with their temporal context, short in Phase 1, long in Phase 2. The results showed that a) the intervals produced in the presence of the different keylight colors accorded with the main properties of temporal differentiation, including Weber’s law, b) the L1 intervals had slightly higher means than the S2 intervals, a weak contrast effect, c) the L1 intervals also had higher variability than the S2 intervals. An extension of the learning-to-time model to temporal differentiation tasks reproduced some of the major features of the data but left unanswered how context might change the model parameters.
KDELR2 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of bladder urothelial carcinoma and its correlation with immune infiltration

Abstract KDELR2 has been reported as a promotive factor for the genesis and progression of several malignancies. However, it is uncertain how it affects bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA). Using data extracted from online databases, an enhanced expression of KDELR2 in BLCA tissues was verified. Overexpression of KDELR2 was correlated with advanced clinicopathologic characteristics and unfavourable prognosis of BLCA. Receiver operating characteristic analysis highlighted the potential diagnostic value of KDELR2. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses further revealed the predictive effect of KDELR2 for the prognosis of BLCA. KDELR2 was primarily enriched in biological functions related to organization of the extracellular matrix. TIMER, ssGSEA and GEPIA analyses suggested that KDELR2 expression is positively related to the infiltration of macrophages, Th2 cells and neutrophils. Finally, knocking-down of KDELR2 in T24 cells resulted in reduced proliferation, migration and macrophages recruitment. These results suggest that KDELR2 overexpression is an indicator for poor prognosis of BLCA and it has the potential to be employed as an immunotherapy target for BLCA.
Observations of melt ponds on Arctic sea ice

In an introductory section we review the physical processes influencing the formation and evolution of melt ponds on sea ice during the Arctic summer. As melt progresses, the changing properties of the surface interact strongly with the surface heat balance. The small interannual variability of the seasonal ice extent suggests an interannual variability of the surface heat balance of ±1 W m−2 or less. The interannual variance of atmospheric forcing represented by the transport of moist static energy into the Arctic is an order of magnitude greater. This appears to contradict the notion of a highly sensitive sea ice cover and emphasizes the need to generate albedo as an important internal variable in interactive models. Observations of melt ponds are needed in order to derive improved relationships between surface albedo and parameters such as the amount of snow, the onset and termination of melting, the ice thickness distribution, and ice deformation. Here classified (National Technical Means) imagery is used to measure melt pond coverage as it evolves over a summer on ice surrounding a drifting buoy. Local variability of pond cover is greatest at the beginning of the melt season, that is, pond coverage from 5% to 50% depending on ice type, as previously found by Russian investigators. An important distinction is found in the temporal change of pond cover: it decreases with time on thick ice, and it increases with time on thin ice (eventually leading to the disappearance of thin ice at the end of summer). An attempt to relate pond coverage to ice concentrations derived from passive microwave data proved unsuccessful.
Coastal evolution -- Late Quaternary shoreline morphodynamics

Foreword O. van de Plassche 1. Coastal evolution: an introduction R. W. G. Carter and C. D. Woodroffe 2. Morphodynamics of coastal evolution P. Cowell and B. Thom 3. Deltaic coasts J. Suter 4. Wave-dominated coasts P. Roy, P. Cowell, M. Ferland and B. Thom 5. Macrotidal estuaries J. Chappell and C. D. Woodroffe 6. Lagoons and microtidal coasts J. A. G. Cooper 7. Coral atolls R. McLean and C. D. Woodroffe 8. Continental shelf reef systems D. Hopley 9. Arctic coastal plain shorelines P. Hill, P. Barnes, A. Hequette and M. H. Ruz 10. Paraglacial coasts D. Forbes and J. Syvitski 11. Coastal cliffs and platforms G. Giggs and A. Trenhaile 12. Evolution of tectonic shorelines P. Pirazzoli 13. Developed coasts K. Nordstrom Index.
Pathogenesis of experimental bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE): estimation of tissue infectivity according to incubation period

This paper reports the results of tissue infectivity assays of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) agent in orally exposed cattle at stages during the incubation period. Estimations of the titre of infectivity in central nervous system (CNS), certain peripheral nerve ganglia and distal ileum tissue were made according to time post exposure from the relationship between incubation period and dose for RIII mice and C57bl mice using data from titrations of brain material from cases of BSE. The rate of increase of infectivity in the bovine CNS was then estimated, taking into account these tissue infectivity titres, the variability of the brain titre of clinical field cases of BSE, and the probability density of the expected number of months before clinical onset of each infected bovine. The doubling time for CNS was shown to equal 1.2 months. The titre in the thoracic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) was, on average, approximately 1 log units less than CNS, and cervical DRG approximately 0.5 log less than thoracic DRG. The pattern of increase of infectivity in the distal ileum is that of an initial increase up to 14–18 months post exposure, followed by a decrease, which is likely to be highly variable between animals. These results will be informative for future risk assessments of BSE, especially in relation to reviewing current control measures.
The Chimbu: A Study of Change in the New Guinea Highlands

1. Introduction2. The Chimbu View of Past and Future3. The Kinds of Variation and Change4. Chimbu Pre-History5. Chimbu's First Contact with Europeans6. Domestic and Local Groups7. Groups and Segments8. Big Men and Small9. Cycles and Transactions10. Strife11. Warfare12. The Process of Change13. The Forces of Change14. Material and Technological Change15. Economic Change16. Local Leadership and Activities17. Conflict Today18. Kondom's Kingdom19. Plus ca change, plus c'est la meme chose
The Design of LED Array for Single Anchor-Based Visible Light Positioning

Visible light positioning (VLP) has garnered significant attention due to its high accuracy, low cost, and eco-friendliness. Among the various VLP methods, single-anchor-based localization using a light-emitting diode (LED) array shows great promise in challenging scenarios such as small rooms, corridors, and tunnels, yet it remains relatively underexplored. Consequently, this article primarily addresses the issues faced by the LED-array-based method and proposes the corresponding solutions. First, some work related to LED array design is discussed, such as the LED number determination, frequency assignment, array size, and layout design. From the array layouts examined, we evaluated six common configurations and selected the one that exhibits the optimal performance as the base array. Second, to cooperate with the LED array, a localization method joint the received signal strength (RSS) and the phase difference is proposed. Compared to traditional calibration-model-based methods, it significantly reduces the amount of calibration work. In addition, it fully utilizes the inter-LED relationship within the array to construct redundant observations. Subsequently, the genetic algorithm is used to further optimize the base array to improve its performance, where the optimization objective function is constructed by using the positioning performance index and constraints based on the relationship between the base array and its position. Finally, a series of analyses and simulations is conducted considering the time synchronization error and the receiver noise. The results indicate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed LED array and localization method, showcasing its suitability for numerous typical positioning scenarios.