Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel template matching method with sub-pixel accuracy based on correlation and Fourier-Mellin transform

Template matching is the process of determining the presence and the location of a reference image or an object inside a scene image under analysis by a spatial cross-correlation. Conventional cross-correlation type algorithms are computationally expensive. Furthermore, when the object in the image is rotated, the conventional algorithms cannot be used for practical purposes. An algorithm for a rotation-invariant template matching with subpixel accuracy is proposed based on the combination of the correlation and Fourier-Mellin transformation when the fluctuating scope of the rotation angle is [−20 deg,20 deg]. The algorithm consists of two stages. In the first stage, the matching candidates are selected using a computationally low-cost improved correlation algorithm. The operation of AND is adopted to reduce the computational cost for this stage. In the second stage, rotation invariant template matching is performed only on the matching candidates using the cross-correlation algorithm after adjusting image with a Fourier-Mellin invariant (FMI) descriptor, and the matching precision is subpixel by the novel method using the Fermat point. Experimental results show that the proposed method is very robust to Gaussian noise and rotation, and it also achieves high matching accuracy and matching precision.
On a bi-axial system related to the hyperbolic Dirac equation

In this paper, we consider an elliptic system on the unit ball B(1) in ℝ m obtained as the projection of the hyperbolic Dirac equation on a hyperplane. Special solutions defined over bi-axially symmetric domains in ℝ m are investigated, hereby obtaining new hyperbolic monogenic functions.
CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER DOWNSTREAM OF A 3-D BACKWARD-FACING STEP

Numerical solutions are obtained for fluid flow and heat transfer downstream of a 3-D backward-facing step within a duct. A heat flux is applied along the bottom surface downstream of the step. The dimensions downstream of the step are 30H 2 12H 2 H, where H = 1 cm (channel height); uniform flow enters a 20H 2 12H 2 H/2 channel upstream of the step. The numerical model is based on a modified Petrov-Galerkin finite element technique that incorporates sparse storage solution with mass lumping. A projection algorithm is used to solve the primitive equations of motion. Upper and lower recirculation zones in the 3-D solutions are very different from 2-D results. Solutions obtained for Re = 400, 800, and 1200 are presented that illustrate changing recirculation and vortex zones. A time history shows the evolution of velocities along the centerline at Re = 800. Bulk Nusselt numbers converge to experimental values downstream of the step where the flow returns to a fully developed parabolic profile.
Modeling and Analysis of an Seir Model with different types of Nonlinear Treatment Rates

In this study, an SEIR epidemic model is proposed for treatment of infectives considering the development of acquired immunity in recovered individuals. We employed two different types of treatment functions. Stability analysis for disease-free as well as endemic equilibria is performed. It is observed that the existence of unique endemic equilibrium depends on the basic reproductive number R0 as well as on treatment rate. Numerical simulations are performed on the proposed models to support and analyze theoretical findings.
Convex Models for Uncertain Imperfection Control in Multimode Dynamic Buckling

Control of uncertain imperfections by means of convex bounds on finite Fourier transforms is shown to be more direct and not as overly conservative as control based on uniform bounds, i.e., bounding maximum and minimum imperfections. With either method, conservatism in bounds on buckling response is reduced by filtering the imperfection measurements. Extraction of the needed filtered information by operating directly on the Fourier coefficients is straightforward and allows use of additional information on the variation of the coefficients with mode number. Use of this information in example multimode buckling problems gives a bound on maximum possible buckling response that is a factor of1.6 larger than the response at a reliability of 99.5 percent for hypothetical (but reasonably representative) probabilistic imperfections. The bounding response itself, of course, does not depend on any assumptions concerning the probabilistic distribution of imperfections. Two additional combined uniform and Fourier ellipsoid bound models further reduce this factor to 1.1 and 0.5, and require only a simple, unfiltered imperfection bound measurement during quality control inspection.
Decompositional burning of a droplet in a small Peclet number flow.

Asymptotic results for chemical-reaction and forced-convection effects on the quasi-steady adiabatic vaporization of a rigid uniform spherical droplet immersed in an unbounded expanse of gas are obtained by inner-and-outer expansions. The zeroth-order approximation is the radially symmetric solution yielding the classical logarithmic mass transfer rate. The perturbation introduces the corrections arising from 1) first-order decompositional burning for reaction rates small relative to flow rates (small first Damkohler similarity parameter); and 2) the possible wake-generating role of a slight relative flow past the droplet (small Peclet number). For tractable closed-form solution the flow is taken as incompressible with constant properties; the Lewis number is restricted to unity in the perturbational analysis. The first perturbation to the Sherwood number (normalized mass transfer rate) is found to be independent of Schmidt number, but dependent on the reaction rate. The first modification to the Stokes drag (owing to mass transfer) is found to be independent of the reaction rate, but dependent on the Schmidt number. For indefinitely large Schmidt number the Stokes drag is always increased because of mass transfer, and streamlines display no wake; for orderunity Schmidt number entirely different results are anticipated.
Stability of high-speed compressible rotating Couette flow

In this study, the linear stability of high‐speed, rotating Couette flow to two‐ and three‐dimensional disturbances in finite‐gap spacings, including the full effects of compressibility and viscosity, is considered. Particularly, the combined effects of Mach number, Reynolds number, radial heating, and gap spacing are investigated. For a stationary outer cylinder, the primary instability is an axisymmetric mode independent of the Mach number. Increasing Mach numbers have a destabilizing effect for wide gaps, and a stabilizing effect for narrow gaps. For a sufficiently fast, counter‐rotating outer cylinder, the primary instability becomes a three‐dimensional traveling wave. Compressibility has a stabilizing effect on these modes regardless of the gap width; also, heating at the outer cylinder stabilizes the flow. Bicritical points for the primary instability corresponding to the crossover of the azimuthal wave numbers are determined for cylinders counter‐rotating with equal angular speed.
GReNaDIne: A Data-Driven Python Library to Infer Gene Regulatory Networks from Gene Expression Data

Context: Inferring gene regulatory networks (GRN) from high-throughput gene expression data is a challenging task for which different strategies have been developed. Nevertheless, no ever-winning method exists, and each method has its advantages, intrinsic biases, and application domains. Thus, in order to analyze a dataset, users should be able to test different techniques and choose the most appropriate one. This step can be particularly difficult and time consuming, since most methods’ implementations are made available independently, possibly in different programming languages. The implementation of an open-source library containing different inference methods within a common framework is expected to be a valuable toolkit for the systems biology community. Results: In this work, we introduce GReNaDIne (Gene Regulatory Network Data-driven Inference), a Python package that implements 18 machine learning data-driven gene regulatory network inference methods. It also includes eight generalist preprocessing techniques, suitable for both RNA-seq and microarray dataset analysis, as well as four normalization techniques dedicated to RNA-seq. In addition, this package implements the possibility to combine the results of different inference tools to form robust and efficient ensembles. This package has been successfully assessed under the DREAM5 challenge benchmark dataset. The open-source GReNaDIne Python package is made freely available in a dedicated GitLab repository, as well as in the official third-party software repository PyPI Python Package Index. The latest documentation on the GReNaDIne library is also available at Read the Docs, an open-source software documentation hosting platform. Contribution: The GReNaDIne tool represents a technological contribution to the field of systems biology. This package can be used to infer gene regulatory networks from high-throughput gene expression data using different algorithms within the same framework. In order to analyze their datasets, users can apply a battery of preprocessing and postprocessing tools and choose the most adapted inference method from the GReNaDIne library and even combine the output of different methods to obtain more robust results. The results format provided by GReNaDIne is compatible with well-known complementary refinement tools such as PYSCENIC.
On a construction of Markov processes associated with time dependent Dirichlet spaces

The relations between the Symmetrie regulär Dirichlet spaces and the Symmetrie Hunt processes are well known. These relations are also studied for the coersive non-symmetric Dirichlet spaces. But the time-inhomogeneous Marko v processes cannot be covered by those settings. In this work, using the results on parabolic potential theory, it is proved that the methods of the Dirichlet space theory are still effective for the construction of space-time Hunt-processes. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classfication: 60J, 31C25. §
Stability analysis of systems with impulse effects

We establish sufficient conditions for the uniform stability and the uniform asymptotic stability of an equilibrium of systems with impulse effects described by systems of nonlinear, time varying ordinary differential equations. Under some additional mild assumptions, these sufficient conditions turn out to be necessary as well. For the case of time-invariant systems with impulse effects described by nonlinear ordinary differential equations, the above results are used to establish conditions under which the uniform asymptotic stability of an equilibrium can be deduced from the linearizations of such systems.
Need-adapted and Individualized Psychocardiological Intervention in Patients with Myocardial Infarction to Reduce Consequential Psychological Diseases

A heart attack is often a very drastic, sometimes even traumatic, life event for patients, which is frequently associated with fear of death. Not only is the body under enormous stress, a heart attack also means stress for the psyche. “Stressful life events are part of human existence and are compensated for with individual coping strategies or defense mechanisms. However, if the strain is overwhelming or the possible solutions are subjectively exhausted, pathological reactions may occur. ”(1) From a psychosomatic perspective, an acute myocardial infarction is a “significant biographical breaking point with far-reaching psychological consequences. ”(2) This pilot study investigates whether a psychocardiological intervention integrated into standard therapeutic care in the form of a structured conversation with a biopsychosocial model (in the sense of the WHO understanding of health), adapted to the patient’s level of need, can have a positive effect on quality of life and on psychological comorbidity in the short- and long-term course of recovery. 45 patients with acute myocardial infarction (13 female, 32 male), who were randomly assigned to two intervention groups, were followed for six months after the cardiac event with individualized and collaborative psychocardiological interventions and tested for mental illness. The results of the study show that such individualized care with additional screening for psychological comorbidities in the early phase after a myocardial infarction can significantly help patients to help themselves, provide early indications of the presence of a psychological disorder, and accelerate the initiation of adequate treatment. The integration of a psychocardiological component into the standard therapy of myocardial infarction patients in the early phase after the cardiac event seems to be a valuable contribution to the therapy and should receive encouragement in the future. Furthermore, this pilot study offers new and interesting approaches for future research.
Anisotropic three-dimensional MHD turbulence

Direct spectral method simulation of the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations is used to explore anisotropy that develops from initially isotropic fluctuations as a consequence of a uniform applied magnetic field. Spectral and variance anisotropies are investigated in both compressible and incompressible MHD. The nature of the spectral anisotropy is consistent with the model of Shebalin et al. [1983] in which the spectrum broadens in the perpendicular wavenumber direction, the anisotropy being greater for smaller wavenumbers. Here this effect is seen for both incompressible and polytropic compressible MHD. In contrast, the longitudinal (compressive) velocity fluctuations remain isotropic. Variance anisotropy is observed for low plasma beta compressible MHD but not for incompressible MHD. Solar wind observations are qualitatively consistent with both variance and spectral anisotropies of the type discussed here.
Speaker‐independent phoneme recognition using hidden Markov models

In this paper, the currently popular hidden Markov modeling to speaker‐independent phoneme recognition is extended. Using multiple code books of various LPC‐derived parameters and discrete HMMs, speaker‐independent phoneme recognition accuracy of 58.8%–73.8% on the DARPA TIMIT database, depending on the type of acoustic and language models used, is obtained. In comparison, the performance of expert spectrogram readers is only 69% without use of higher level knowledge. The co‐occurrence smoothing algorithm that enables accurate recognition with only a few training examples of each phone is also introduced. Since these results were evaluated on a standard database, they can be used as benchmarks to evaluate future systems. [Work supported by DARPA. ]
DDM1-Mediated TE Silencing in Plants

Epigenetic modifications are indispensable for regulating gene bodies and TE silencing. DECREASE IN DNA METHYLATION 1 (DDM1) is a chromatin remodeller involved in histone modifications and DNA methylation. Apart from maintaining the epigenome, DDM1 also maintains key plant traits such as flowering time and heterosis. The role of DDM1 in epigenetic regulation is best characterised in plants, especially arabidopsis, rice, maize and tomato. The epigenetic changes induced by DDM1 establish the stable inheritance of many plant traits for at least eight generations, yet DDM1 does not methylate protein-coding genes. The DDM1 TE silencing mechanism is distinct and has evolved independently of other silencing pathways. Unlike the RNA-directed DNA Methylation (RdDM) pathway, DDM1 does not depend on siRNAs to enforce the heterochromatic state of TEs. Here, we review DDM1 TE silencing activity in the RdDM and non-RdDM contexts. The DDM1 TE silencing machinery is strongly associated with the histone linker H1 and histone H2A.W. While the linker histone H1 excludes the RdDM factors from methylating the heterochromatin, the histone H2A.W variant prevents TE mobility. The DDM1-H2A.W strategy alone silences nearly all the mobile TEs in the arabidopsis genome. Thus, the DDM1-directed TE silencing essentially preserves heterochromatic features and abolishes mobile threats to genome stability.
Stability of MHD shear flows: Application to space physics

Shear slows of magnetised plasmas are routinely observed in the solar atmosphere, in planetary magnetospheres, and in interplanetary space. They are also ubiquitous elements of models of remote astrophysical objects like the interacting stellar winds in binary stellar systems. Studying stability of such flows is paramount for understanding physical processes in space. The simplest shear flow is a tangential magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) discontinuity. We start our review from considering the instability of tangential MHD discontinuity (called the Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability) first in incompressible plasmas, and then taking the compressibility into account. We introduce the notion of the absolute and convective instabilities. The physical behaviour of absolutely unstable flows is qualitatively different from that of convectively unstable flows. Studying the absolute and convective instabilities is based on the analysis of asymptotic behaviour (for large time) of the solution of the initial value problem. The initial value problem for a tangential discontinuity is ill-posed: the instability increment is unbounded. This implies that the absolute and convective instabilities of tangential discontinuities cannot be studied. To obtain a well-posed problem we have either to take dissipation into account, or to consider a continuous velocity profile. In both cases we obtain a surprising result: the account of either of these two effects decreases the threshold value of the velocity jump needed for instability. This phenomenon is related to negative energy waves. We show that, in both cases, the instability is the so-called negative energy instability rather than the KH instability. Finally we consider two examples of the theory application: the heliopause stability and the stability of the Earth's magnetopause.
Fabrication of twisted long period fiber gratings with high frequency CO2 laser pulses and its bend sensing

We experimentally demonstrated a simple and effective method to write long period fiber gratings (LPFGs) with low fiber grating birefringence using high frequency CO2 laser pulses. Such LPFGs were fabricated by introducing twist strains to the fiber and then exposing the fiber to the laser. We theoretically analyzed the influence of the twist strains on the spectra of the LPFGs, and examined bend characteristics of twisted long period fiber gratings (T-LPFGs). Experimental results showed that T-LPFGs exhibited clear spectra, low insertion loss, and low polarization-dependent loss (PDL) compared with conventional LPFGs exposed to a single-side CO2 laser beam. The slope of the linear equation of the distance between the two split resonance peaks in the bending experiment is 20.55 nm/m−1, which makes T-LPFGs sensitive bending sensors.
Enhanced light extraction from GaN-based green light-emitting diode with photonic crystal

This letter reports the properties of GaN-based green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) having a p-GaN photonic crystal layer with a photonic bandgap (PCWG) and without a photonic bandgap (PCOG). With decreasing the photoluminescence (PL) detection angle from 140° to 60°, the enhancement of PL intensity of LED with PCWG was largely increased from 9 to 25 times, compared to that of LEDs without a patterned structure, while the PL intensity of LED with PCOG was increased from 4.6 to 5.6 times. The electroluminescence output power of green LEDs with a PCWG was enhanced about two times compared to LEDs with a PCOG. These results suggest that the light extraction of green LEDs can be greatly increased by using PCWG instead of PCOG.
Laser with an in-loop relative frequency stability of 1.0x10(-21) on a 100-ms time scale for gravitational-wave detection

We report on the stabilization of the laser frequency for the Virgo gravitational-wave detector. We have obtained a frequency noise level, measured in loop, of 1.9×10−7 Hz/sqrt(Hz) at 10 Hz for the 1064 nm laser; this value is limited by shot noise. The Allan standard deviation for relative frequency noise is 1.0×10−21 on a 100-ms time scale. The spectral density of the laser frequency noise is negligible in the channel where gravitational waves ought to appear and meets the specifications for the target spectral resolution of the Virgo interferometer in the 10 Hz-10 kHz detection bandwidth.
X-Band CMOS Rectifier With 4% Efficiency at −35 dBm for Wireless Power Transmission

This paper proposes a radio frequency (RF) rectifier topology for low-power wireless power transmission (WPT) applications in the X band. The rectifier consists of a biased PMOS pair and is matched to the RF signal source impedance using a PCB transmission line (TL) matching network. It is demonstrated that a clever optimization of the bias voltage enables the rectifier to achieve greater sensitivity and efficiency than previous works at X band. The rectifier was designed in a 45 nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process and operates at a frequency of 9.64 GHz. It achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4% and 46% at power levels of −35 dBm and −10 dBm, respectively.
Estimation of general 2D motion using Fourier descriptors

A feature based motion estimation and compensation scheme using Fourier descriptors is introduced, which is able to estimate and compensate not only translation but also scaling and rotation. The concept of combined motion compensation is also proposed to incorporate intensity based algorithms such as block-matching to realise much better performance. A new contour tracing method has been developed which gives accurate contours in all circumstances. The practical 2 pi ambiguity problem for the rotation angle has been dealt with, and results on a 32 frame test sequence show good estimation by the algorithm of 2D general motion. The scheme is completed by a procedure for dealing with multiple moving objects.
Transceiver Optimization for mmWave Line-of-Sight MIMO Systems Using Hybrid Arrays

The performance of millimeter wave (mmWave) line-of-sight multiple input multiple output (LOS MIMO) systems using hybrid arrays of planar subarrays was studied. We characterized the achievable maximum spatial multiplexing gain for such LOS MIMO systems by the measures of spectral efficiency and effective degree of freedom (EDoF). By proposing a joint plane-wave and spherical-wave-based general 3D channel model, we derived the optimal design parameters in the analog domain, i.e., the optimal subarray separation products, and analyzed their sensitivity on the system performance. We also gave analytical eigenvalue expressions of the equivalent LOS MIMO channel matrix, which are applicable to the case of a non-optimal design, as well as the upper and lower bounds of the EDoF for system performance evaluation. A piecewise uniform quantization codebook was further designed for quantizing phase shifter values in practical applications. The numerical and simulation results show that planar subarrays are superior to traditional arrays in terms of spectral efficiency and EDoF in Ricean fading channels because they are more robust to the change in the communication distance and the deviation from the optimal design. The use of hybrid arrays of planar subarrays effectively removes the limitation of mmWave LOS MIMO systems using traditional arrays, through which, the conventional Rayleigh distance criterion has to be satisfied to achieve the optimal performance.