Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hardware acceleration of number theoretic transform for zk‐SNARK

Zk-SNARK unleashes the great potential of ZKP (zero-knowledge proof) in the blockchain, distributed storage, etc. However, the proof-generation of zk-SNARK is excessively time intensive, making it a challenge to deploy a high-performance zk-SNARK in most real applications. As a result, NTT (Number Theoretic Transform), one of the most time-consuming parts in proof-generation, needs to be accelerated signiﬁcantly. To address this issue, we propose a novel and eﬃcient “data reordering” technique to enable a highly pipelined architecture, on which an FPGA-based hardware accelerator is designed to support the large-bitwidth and large-scale NTT tasks in zk-SNARK. Our architecture achieves a two-level pipeline: 1) the top-level pipeline is achieved among smaller NTT sub-tasks, which are decomposed from a large-scale NTT task;
Long-term timing observations of 374 pulsars

We present pulsar timing solutions for 374 pulsars. Each ephemeris was obtained by analysing archival data stored at Jodrell Bank Observatory. This data archive contains over 5600 yr of pulsar rotational history with individual data-spans of up to 34 yr. A new method has been developed to mitigate the effects of timing noise by whitening the pulsar timing residuals. This whitening is applied before standard fitting procedures are followed to measure the astrometric and dispersion measure (DM) parameters of a pulsar. We show that the values obtained using this new technique are consistent with other methods, and that the new timing solutions are, in general, significantly more precise than those in earlier publications. We consider the second derivative of the frequency of pulsars, ‹ , and the DM gradient, d(DM)/ dt ,i ndetail. The ‹ values are obtained by fitting to timing residuals that have not been whitened and are found to be orders of magnitude larger than those expected from magnetic dipole radiation; the measured values are dominated by the effects of timing noise, and therefore lead to braking indices that are not consistent with magnetic dipole radiation. We find a dependence between |d(DM)/ dt| and DM of |d(DM)/ dt | 0 . 0002 DM cm a3 pc yr a1 , which allows DM variations to be estimated for any radio pulsar. Ke yw ords: methods: data analysis — astrometry — pulsars: general.
The Runge‐Kutta DG finite element method and the KFVS scheme for compressible flow simulations

This article presents a new type of second‐order scheme for solving the system of Euler equations, which combines the Runge‐Kutta discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element method and the kinetic flux vector splitting (KFVS) scheme. We first discretize the Euler equations in space with the DG method and then the resulting system from the method‐of‐lines approach will be discretized using a Runge‐Kutta method. Finally, a second‐order KFVS method is used to construct the numerical flux. The proposed scheme preserves the main advantages of the DG finite element method including its flexibility in handling irregular solution domains and in parallelization. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method are illustrated by several numerical examples in one‐ and two‐dimensional spaces. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2006
Hyperleda. I. Identification and designation of galaxies

We present the new catalog of principal galaxies (PGC2003). It constitutes the framework of the HYPERLEDA database that supersedes the LEDA one, with more data and more capabilities. The catalog is still restricted to confirmed galaxies, i.e. about one million galaxies, brighter than ≈ 18 B -mag. In order to provide the best possible identification for each galaxy we give: accurate coordinates (typical accuracy better than 2 arcsec), diameter, axis ratio and position angle. Diameters and axis ratios have been homogenized to the RC2 system at the limiting surface brightness of $25 B-{\rm mag~arcsec}^{-2}$, using a new method, the EPIDEMIC method. In order to provide the best designation for each galaxy, we collected the names from 50 catalogues. The compatibility of the spelling is tested against NED and SIMBAD, and, as far as possible we used a spelling compatible with both. For some cases, where no consensus exists between NED, SIMBAD and LEDA, we propose some changes that could make the spelling of names fully compatible. The full catalog is distributed through the CDS and can be extracted from HYPERLEDA.
Steerable filters for image analysis

We present a method to synthesize filters tuned for spatial frequency and orientation as linear combinations of a set of basis filters, allowing an efficient architecture for filtering and analyzing images with oriented filters. Using this technique, one can design filters which allow adaptive control of both the orientation and phase of a filter simply by changing the linear weightings in a sum of basis filters. The number of basis filters required depends on the polynomial order n of the filter, after modulation by a windowing function. Filter functions of even or odd parity require n + 1 basis filters; functions of mixed parity require 2n + 1 basis filters. Filters similar to those found in the visual cortex form a good basis set for image analysis. Steerable filters have application in the analysis of texture and local orientation; they can also be adapted for shape-from-shading analysis in a variant of Pentland's linear shape-from-shading scheme.
Estimations of CIN and LFC Associated with Tornadic and Nontornadic Supercells

Abstract It is generally understood that tornadoes are less likely in environments where surface-based instability is absent and the only convective available potential energy (CAPE) is from elevated parcels originating well above the surface. However, little research has been done to examine tornado occurrence in environments where surface-based CAPE is clearly present, but located above a deep layer of surface-based convective inhibition (CIN) associated with a relatively high level of free convection (LFC) heights. A database of 518 model analysis soundings was collected during 2001–03 from recent versions of the rapid update cycle (RUC) analysis and forecast system. All model sounding profiles were in proximity to selected supercell storms associated primarily with tornado warnings, and were “nonelevated” with surface-based CAPE present. This database is used to examine CIN and LFC to determine environments where instability from mixed-layer and surface-based parcels was associated with significant ne.
The local interstellar medium

Observations and theoretical models of the local interstellar medium (LISM), defined as the region within a column density contour of 10 to the 19th H atoms/sq cm, are reviewed. The existence and nature of the Local Bubble and its boundary are examined; and consideration is given to the LISM as an active supernova remnant, confined bubbles, theoretical models of the LISM, cavity geometry, clouds within the Local Bubble, solar-backscatter and other observations of local clouds, ionization mechanisms in clouds, and the implications of clouds for the evolution of the LISM.
EHD study of the corona wind between wire and plate electrodes

The corona wind, with a velocity of several meters per second, is caused by applying high electric tension to bring about corona discharge in gases. In this paper the corona wind is experimentally and theoretically analyzed from an electrohydrod ynamical (EHD) standpoint. Experiments have been performed mainly in nitrogen by a two-dimensional electrode arrangement of a fine wire anode and a plate cathode. The voltage-current characteristics of an electrostatic probe indicate that positive ions predominate in the whole space except in an extremely narrow region close to the wire. A theoretical analysis has been conducted based on the model that positive ions produced by ionization near the wire electrode move toward the plate, introducing the bulk convective motion of neutral molecules as the result of collisions of ions and neutral molecules. The electric potential distribution in the space and pressure distribution on the plate calculated numerically agree well with the experimental data. Consequently, it is made clear that the corona wind is caused by the Coulomb force exerted on ions and collisions of ions and neutral molecules of gas.
Recent progress in optoelectric integrated circuits (OEIC's)

Recent developments in both GaAs- and InP-based opto-electronic circuits (OEIC's) which incorporate both optoelectronic and electronic devices on the same semiconductor substrates will be discussed. Several key technologies required for optoelectronic integration and the present status of the technology are explained by reviewing some of OEIC transmitters and receivers that have been realized up to now. Possibilities of application of OEIC's and further technological challenges to enhance the advantages of OEIC's are discussed.
Conceptual design for a deformable mirror for use with x-ray sources

High-energy beams of X-rays used in studies of molecular structure typically have imperfect wavefront quality. Improved point-spread functions can in principle be made by adjustment of a deformable mirror (DM) in the beam train. Conventional DMs are unsuitable because they are not intended for use at the necessary grazing incidence angles, and the optical surface is not sufficiently stable. We describe the conceptual design for a new DM that addresses the requirements of this application. Our design draws on successful strategies employed in the adaptive secondary mirrors at the MMT and LBT telescopes, including the use of voice-coil actuators with collocated capacitive position sensors.
Stellar Intensity Interferometer. I. Signal-to-Noise Ratio for High-Intensity Radiation*

The signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the Brown–Twiss stellar intensity interferometer, in which the resolving time (τr) of the photodetectors is much longer than the coherence time of incident radiation (τc), is derived, especially for incident radiation with a very high effective temperature. The statistical properties of the wave amplitude of the incident radiation is assumed to be described by a gaussian distribution function. In order to evaluate the mean square error in the intensity-correlation measurement, the eighth-order moment of complex wave amplitudes is obtained by using the moment theorem for a gaussian random process. The mean square error of the high-intensity correlation experiment during a finite observation time (τ0) is determined chiefly by the random correlation of noise currents due to intensity fluctuations of the incident radiation. The S/N in the case of extremely high-intensity radiation, thus, is given by (τ0/τc)12∣γ12∣2, where γ12 is the complex degree of coherence between two observation points independent of the intensity of incident radiation. In the case of low-intensity radiation the mean square error of an intensity-correlation measurement is determined by the random correlation of shot noise in photoelectric currents. The S/N for low-intensity radiation, as originally discussed by Hanbury Brown and Twiss, is given by (τ0/τr)12∣γ12∣2ηnτc where n is the number of incident photons per second and η is the quantum efficiency of a photodetector. The S/N for the intermediate case is also discussed.
The influence of environment on the H I content of galaxies

On passe en revue les mesures a 21 cm du contenu en hydrogene neutre des galaxies et la distribution prevue pour le gaz neutre. On examine l'environnement des petits aggregats de galaxies dans lesquelles les effets de maree peuvent provoquer la perte d'une partie substantielle du gaz interstellaire d'une galaxie, alterant gravement son aspect et son evolution ulterieure. On montre la deficience en HI dans les amas et on discute des differents mecanismes qui sont a l'origine des pertes de gaz
Space Group Determination of Decagonal Quasicrystals of an Al70Ni15Fe15 Alloy Using Convergent-Beam Electron Diffraction

Clear space group determination of a decagonal quasicrystal has been performed for the first time by convergent-beam electron diffraction (CBED) about Al70Ni15Fe15. The space group of the alloy has been revealed to be noncentrosymmetric P1̄0̄m2. The alloy is the first quasicrystal to belong to a noncentrosymmetric space group, and has been found to have a lattice period of 0.4 nm in the direction of the decagonal axis, and to accompany structural modulation waves.
Repositioning control of robotic arms by learning

The problem of moving a rigid robot between equilibrium points by means of a learning algorithm, which uses only the positioning error at the end of a trial, is investigated. After high gain feedback linearization of the robot dynamics, it is shown that simple, robust, finite dimensional learning algorithms can be set up to accomplish this task for unconstrained robots and robots subject to smooth bilateral constraints for which hybrid force control is of interest. >
Cloud Configuration Optimization for Recurring Batch-Processing Applications

Recognizing the diversity of Big Data analytic jobs, cloud providers offer a wide range of VM instance types or even clusters to cater for different use cases. The choice of cloud configurations can have a significant impact on the response time and running cost of batch-processing applications, which may need to be re-run regularly with cloud-scale resources. However, identifying the best cloud configuration with a low search cost is quite challenging due to i) the large and high-dimensional configuration space, ii) the time-varying cloud service cost (e.g., AWS Spot instances), and iii) job response time variation even given the same configuration. To tackle these challenges, we design and implement Accordia, a system that enables Adaptive Cloud Configuration Optimization for Recurring Data-Intensive Applications. By leveraging recent algorithmic advances in Gaussian Process UCB techniques, Accordia can unearth the cost-optimal configuration with a deadline constraint (i.e., maximum tolerated running time) under the time-varying cloud service cost. More importantly, Accordia manages to achieve a theoretical performance guarantee, sub-linearly increasing dynamic regret of the job completion cost. Using extensive trace-driven simulations and empirical measurements of our Kubernetes-based implementation, we demonstrate that Accordia can identify a near-cost-optimal configuration (i.e., within 10% of the optimum) after fewer than 20 runs from over 7000 candidate choices, which translates to a 2X-speedup and up to 17.9% cost-savings, when comparing to the state-of-the-art approach, CherryPick.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM Antibodies and Associated Risk Factors among Pregnant Women Consulted at the Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection with public health importance. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and its risk factors among pregnant women consulted at the Bamenda Regional Hospital. Methods: This study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study carried out on pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic at the Bamenda Regional Hospital. Venous blood was collected in dry tubes and analyzed for the presence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. A rapid diagnostic test was done with a cassette to detect IgG and IgM antibodies in the serum. The cassette was labeled with the patient’s identification number and placed on a flat surface. The potential risk factors were evaluated with the administration questionnaire using a binary logistic regression model. Statistical significance was measured at P < 0.05. Results: The overall seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 23.9% with 0.85% for IgM and 23.08% for IgG. Women in the second trimester (26.66% for IgG and 3.33% Ig M) of gestation were highly infected than those in the first trimester (20% for IgG and 0% Ig M) but no significant association was reported between the age of pregnancy and toxoplasmosis seroprevalence. High seropositivity (33.33% for IgG and 0% Ig M) was observed in women of age group 23-31, it was not found to be a risk factor for toxoplasmosis, as age was not statistically significant in this study. A statistical significant higher prevalence (20%) was seen in women who had no knowledge on Toxoplasmosis and in single women with seroprevalence (28.13% IgG and 3.13% IgM). Conclusion: Screening for toxoplasmosis should be done routinely during antenatal care to reduce the risk of transmission from the mother to fetus.
NRF2 and Bip Interconnection Mediates Resistance to the Organometallic Ruthenium-Cymene Bisdemethoxycurcumin Complex Cytotoxicity in Colon Cancer Cells

Organometallic ruthenium (Ru)(II)-cymene complexes display promising pharmacological properties and might represent alternative therapeutic agents in medical applications. Polyphenols, such as curcumin and curcuminoids, display beneficial properties in medicine, including chemoprevention. Here we analyzed the anticancer effect of a cationic Ruthenium (Ru)(II)-cymene Bisdemethoxycurcumin (Ru-bdcurc) complex. The experimental data show that Ru-bdcurc induced cell death of colon cancer cells in vitro. In response to treatment, cancer cells activated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident chaperone GRP78/BiP and NRF2, the master regulators of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the antioxidant response, respectively. Pharmacologic targeting of either NRF2 or BiP potentiated the cytotoxic effect of Ru-bdcurc. We also found that NRF2 and UPR pathways were interconnected as the inhibition of NRF2 reduced BiP protein levels. Mechanistically, the increased Ru-bdcurc-induced cell death, following NRF2 or BiP inhibition, correlated with the upregulation of the UPR apoptotic marker CHOP and with increased H2AX phosphorylation, a marker of DNA damage. The findings reveal that BiP and NRF2 interconnection was a key regulator of colon cancer cells resistance to Ru-bdcurc cytotoxic effect. Targeting that interconnection overcame the protective mechanism and enhanced the antitumor effect of the Ru-bdcurc compound.
An Optimization Approach for Fitting Canonical Tensor Decompositions.

Tensor decompositions are higher-order analogues of matrix decompositions and have proven to be powerful tools for data analysis. In particular, we are interested in the canonical tensor decomposition, otherwise known as the CANDECOMP/PARAFAC decomposition (CPD), which expresses a tensor as the sum of component rank-one tensors and is used in a multitude of applications such as chemometrics, signal processing, neuroscience, and web analysis. The task of computing the CPD, however, can be difficult. The typical approach is based on alternating least squares (ALS) optimization, which can be remarkably fast but is not very accurate. Previously, nonlinear least squares (NLS) methods have also been recommended; existing NLS methods are accurate but slow. In this paper, we propose the use of gradient-based optimization methods. We discuss the mathematical calculation of the derivatives and further show that they can be computed efficiently, at the same cost as one iteration of ALS. Computational experiments demonstrate that the gradient-based optimization methods are much more accurate than ALS and orders of magnitude faster than NLS.
New solutions for capillary waves on fluid sheets

The classical problem of nonlinear capillary waves on two-dimensional fluid sheets is reconsidered. The problem is formulated in terms of a complex potential, and solutions are sought using Fourier series expansions. A collocation technique combined with Newton's method is used to compute the Fourier coefficients numerically. Using this procedure, the exact solutions of Kinnersley (1976) are recomputed and various symmetric and antisymmetric wave profiles are presented, including the limiting configurations which exhibit trapped bubbles of air. Most important, three new solution branches which bifurcate nonlinearly from the symmetric Kinnersley solution branch are identified. The wave profiles along these new branches do not possess the symmetry or antisymmetry of the Kinnersley solutions, although their limiting configurations also display trapped air bubbles. No bifurcations are found along the antisymmetric Kinnersley solution branch.
Unification of the Radio and Optical Properties of Gigahertz Peak Spectrum and Compact Steep-Spectrum Radio Sources

We adopt the view that the classes of active galactic nuclei (AGN) known variously as gigahertz peak spectrum (GPS) sources, compact steep-spectrum (CSS) sources, and compact symmetric objects (CSO) generally represent the same sort of object and show that both their radio spectra and optical emission can be explained by a single model which incorporates the effects produced by the interaction of a jet-driven nonthermal lobe with a dense interstellar medium. Following Begelman, we assume that these sources are young AGNs (ages ≲ 106 yr) in which the jets are propagating through an interstellar medium in which the hydrogen number density, nH decreases as a power law with radius, with the index δ ≈ 1-2 and nH ~ 10-100 cm-3 at 1 kpc. The bow shock preceding the radio lobe is radiative at early times in such a dense environment, and the optical line emission produced by the shocked ISM and the associated photoionized precursor is proportional to the monochromatic radio power, consistent with the observational data of Gelderman & Whittle. The ionized gas surrounding the lobes has a significant emission measure and a correspondingly high free-free opacity which is responsible for the 0.1-1 GHz peaks in the radio spectra. For jet energy fluxes ~1045-1046 ergs s-1, consistent with the observed radio powers of these objects, the crucial observed anticorrelation between peak frequency and size is readily recovered. The form of the radio spectra (power laws at high and low frequencies) indicate that the absorption is due to a cloudy/filamentary medium with an approximately uniform distribution of opacities resulting from a combination of a two-phase interstellar medium, shock shredding of clouds impacted by the bow shock and thermal instabilities in the shocked ISM. The ionized medium enveloping the radio source also forms a Faraday screen which produces high rotation measure and substantial depolarization, readily accounting for another key property of this class of AGNs.
Temperature-modulated fluorescence tomography: modulating tissue temperature using HIFU for high-resolution in vivo fluorescence tomography

Low spatial resolution due to strong tissue scattering is one of the main barriers that prevent the wide-spread use of fluorescence tomography. To overcome this limitation, we previously demonstrated a new technique, temperature modulated fluorescence tomography (TM-FT), which relies on key elements: temperature sensitive ICG loaded pluronic nanocapsules and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), to combine the sensitivity of fluorescence imaging with focused ultrasound resolution. While conventional fluorescence tomography measurements are acquired, the tissue is scanned by a HIFU beam and irradiated to produce a local hot spot, in which the temperature increases nearly 5K. The fluorescence emission signal measured by the optical detectors varies drastically when the hot spot overlays onto the location of the temperature dependent nanocapsules. The small size of the focal spot (~1.4 mm) up to a depth of 6 cm, allows imaging the distribution of these temperature sensitive agents with not only high spatial resolution but also high quantitative accuracy in deep tissue using a proper image reconstruction algorithm. Previously we have demonstrated this technique with a phantom study with nanocapsules sensitive to 20-25°C range. In this work, we will show the first nanocapsules optimized for in vivo animal imaging.