Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aberrant Activation of Immune and Non-Immune Cells Contributes to Joint Inflammation and Bone Degradation in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abnormal activation of multiple immune and non-immune cells and proinflammatory factors mediate the development of joint inflammation in genetically susceptible individuals. Although specific environmental factors like smoking and infections are associated with disease pathogenesis, until now, we did not know the autoantigens and arthritogenic factors that trigger the initiation of the clinical disease. Autoantibodies recognizing specific post-translationally modified and unmodified antigens are generated and in circulation before the onset of the joint disease, and could serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers. The characteristic features of autoantibodies change regarding sub-class, affinity, glycosylation pattern, and epitope spreading before the disease onset. Some of these antibodies were proven to be pathogenic using animal and cell-culture models. However, not all of them can induce disease in animals. This review discusses the aberrant activation of major immune and non-immune cells contributing to joint inflammation. Recent studies explored the protective effects of extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells and bacteria on joints by targeting specific cells and pathways. Current therapeutics in clinics target cells and inflammatory pathways to attenuate joint inflammation and protect the cartilage and bones from degradation, but none cure the disease. Hence, more basic research is needed to investigate the triggers and mechanisms involved in initiating the disease and relapses to prevent chronic inflammation from damaging joint architecture.
An Integrated Approach to Information Modeling for the Sustainable Design of Products

The design of more sustainable products can be best accomplished in a tradeoff-based design process that methodically handles conflicting objectives. Such conflicts are often seen between, environmental impact, cost, and product performance. To support such a process, we propose the development of an environment where sustainability considerations are explicitly introduced early into the design process. This explicitness is provided by integrating the requirements information of sustainability standards and regulations directly into the design process. The emergence of the semantic web provides an interoperable environment in which the context and meaning of knowledge about the relationships among various domains can be shared. This work presents an ontological framework designed to represent both the objectives that pertain to sustainable design and the applicable sustainability standards and regulations. This integrated approach not only can ease the adoption of the standards and regulations during a design process but can also influence a design toward sustainability considerations. The usefulness of this model integration is demonstrated by an illustrative brake disk rotor and pads case study. The results show that both the standards and criteria may be considered at early design stages by using this methodology. Furthermore, it can be used to capture, reveal, and propagate the design intent transparently to all design participants.
Higher levels of thyrotropin in pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes

Abstract Objective: To determine the frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism in women with pathological pregnancies and the association between elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and pregnancy outcome. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional prospective study investigated value of TSH and free thyroxine (FT4) in (1) pregnant women with hypertension (HTA) (N = 62) or preeclampsia (PE) (N = 50), (2) women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (N = 92) in pregnancy, and (3) women with normal pregnancies (control) (N = 201). The level of statistical significance was set at p < . 05. Results: Of the total 404 respondents, the highest incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism was in the group with preeclampsia 22%, followed HTA group 9.6%; GDM group 10.9% and in the control group 9% (p < .001). Higher levels of TSH were in the preeclampsia (2.5 ± 1.54 mIU/L) and in the HTA (2.03 ± 0.97 mIU/L) compared with the control group (1.95 ± 0.86 mIU/L); (p < .001). Weight gain in pregnancy was significantly higher in women with TSH >3 mIU/L (p = .003). There were no differences in the average TSH value between GDM (1.93 ± 1.03 mIU/L) and control group (p = .962). Conclusions: Early detection and optimal treatment of thyroid dysfunction before and in the first trimester of pregnancy reduces the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
A Novel Adult Marrow Stromal Stem Cell Based 3-D Postnatal De Novo Vasculogenesis for Vascular Tissue Engineering

Vascular diseases are one of the leading causes of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vascular diseases not only occur at all levels of vascular tree but also affect multiple organs and organ systems. Organ tissue engineering, including vascular tissue engineering, has been an area of intense investigation. The current major challenge to these approaches has been the inability to vascularize and perfuse in vitro engineered tissue constructs. Attempts to provide oxygen and nutrients to cells contained in biomaterial constructs have met with varying degrees of success. Engineering a tissue of clinically relevant magnitude requires the formation of extensive and stable microvascular networks within the tissue (Brey et al., 2005). Since most in vitro engineered tissue constructs do not contain the intricate microvascular structures of native tissue, the cells contained in scaffolds heavily rely on simple diffusion for oxygenation and nutritional delivery. The majority of cells need to be within 100-200 m of a blood supply to receive adequate oxygen and nutrients for survival (Carmeliet & Jain, 2000). Otherwise, due to diffusion gradients, the cells in the interior regions of the artificial scaffold can experience hypoxia or anoxia and undergo cellular degeneration and necrosis. Hence, this necessitates the formation of appropriate in vitro three-dimensional (3-D) plexuses of new blood vessels within the preimplanted biomaterial constructs through the process of in situ de novo vasculogenesis/angiogenesis for organ tissue engineering. Development of postnatal new blood vessels occurs essentially by two temporally distinct but interrelated processes, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Vasculogenesis is the process of blood vessel formation occurring by a de novo production of endothelial cells in an embryo (primitive vascular network) or a formerly avascular area when endothelial precursor cells (angioblasts, hemangioblasts or stem cells) migrate and differentiate in response to local cues (such as growth factors and extracellular matrix) to form new intact blood vessels (Risau & Flamme, 1995). Angiogenesis refers principally to the sprouting of new blood vessels from the differentiated endothelium of pre-existing vessels. These vascular trees or plexuses are then pruned, remodeled and extended through angiogenesis to become larger caliber vessels (Carmeliet, 2000). In addition, there exists yet another unique mechanism of neovascularization, the postnatal vasculogenesis, where
Using Supplementary Readings (Short Stories) in Increasing the Conceptual Fluency, the Case of Idioms in English

The aim of this research was to probed whether using supplementary readings (short stories containing idioms) increase conceptual fluency of L2 learners. In line with the goal of the study, first, the researcher selected a sample of 30 female lower-intermediate L2 learners from Sadr Private Language Centre in Isfahan. She selected them based on their scores (75 or higher) in the previous term final exam. The researcher divided them into two groups. Then, she held a pre-test containing 30 multiple choice questions and registered their scores out of 30. Questions were mainly taken from the exercises of the book ‘ Can You Believe It? (1) ’. Next, she taught idioms to both groups 15 minutes each session and for thirty sessions, but provided only the experimental group with supplementary readings taken from the mentioned book. After that, she held a post-test containing 30 multiple choice questions and again registered their scores. Questions were taken again from book exercises with a higher level of difficulty comparing to the pre-test. Finally, the researcher compared the results obtained from groups’ mean scores, frequency of obtained scores, and t-test on pre-test and post-test. The results of the study showed that the experimental group accomplished far better than the control group on the post-test. It also showed that the experimental group development in terms of conceptual fluency was meaningful and reliable. Therefore, it can be concluded that using supplementary readings has positive effect on developing conceptual fluency of L2 learners.
A study of suitable fault tolerance frameworks for an energy-efficient storage system

A new kind of cloud service, called Database-as-aservice (DaaS), provides a novel paradigm which allows data to be stored in remote databases. The types of database used in remote sites can be divided into two categories: Relational Databases (RDB) and NoSQL. NoSQL databases store data in a flexible format, and without schema, so NoSQL databases can be easily scaled across multiple devices. Because of the advantages of the NoSQL databases, many large data applications use NoSQL databases as the backend data management system. Because NoSQL databases usually access the stored data as files, through a distributed file system, the problem of decentralized data management is critical in NoSQL databases. In order to address this issue, many energy-efficient algorithms for file placement are used in distributed file systems. However, these energy-efficient algorithms only focus on reducing the power consumption of storage systems and they ignore the cost of data reliability, which is affected by frequently setting the disk status to standby mode. To maintain data reliability, energy-efficient storage systems usually combine framework of power conservation and a fault tolerance mechanism. However, most developers of energy-efficient frameworks do not consider whether the fault tolerance mechanism can avoid data loss when this combination is used for energy-efficient storage systems. This study proposes a general energy-efficient framework that can be integrated different fault tolerance mechanisms. The experimental results show that the capability of the proposed framework with different erasure code algorithms.
Is chordin a long-range- or short-range-acting factor? Roles for BMP1-related metalloproteases in chordin and BMP4 autofeedback loop regulation.

Diffusible morphogen models have been used widely to explain regional specification of tissues and body axes during animal development. The three-signal model for patterning the dorsal-ventral axis of the amphibian embryo proposes, in part, that a factor(s) secreted from Spemann's organizer is responsible for converting lateral marginal zone into more dorsal cell fates. We examine the possibility that chordin, a secreted inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and candidate "dorsalizing signal," is a long-range-acting factor. We show that chordin can, when overexpressed, act directly over distances of at least 450 microm in the early Xenopus embryo to create a gradient of BMP signaling. However, since lower levels of chordin can still induce secondary axes and these amounts of chordin act only locally to inhibit a BMP target gene, we suggest that chordin likely acts as a short-range signal in vivo. Furthermore, BMP1, a secreted metalloprotease that cleaves chordin protein in vitro, inhibits chordin's axis-inducing effects, suggesting that BMP1 functions to negatively regulate chordin's action in vivo. A dominant-negative mutant BMP1 blocks the in vitro cleavage of chordin protein by wild-type BMP1 and induces secondary axes when injected ventrally. We argue that BMP1 and Xolloid are probably functionally redundant metalloproteases and may have two roles in the early Xenopus embryo. One role may be to inhibit the action of low-level chordin protein expressed throughout the entire embryo and a possible second role may be to inhibit activation of a juxtacrine cell relay, thereby confining chordin's action to the organizer region preventing chordin from functioning as a long-range-acting factor.
Running head: PSYCHOPATHY AND SELF-INJURY 1 Psychopathy and Self-injurious Thoughts and Behaviour: Application of Latent Class Analysis

Background: Although early conceptualisations posited an inverse relationship between psychopathy and self-injury, little research has tested this. Aims: To examine the selfinjurious thoughts and behaviour associated with psychopathy. Method: Data from the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Project were used to examine homogenous subtypes of participants based on their responses to six self-injury items. A binary logistic regression model was used to interpret the nature of the latent classes by estimating the associations with the four psychopathy factors, mixed anxiety-depression, violence victimisation, and gender. Results: A 2-class solution provided the best fit to the data. Most participants (86.2%) were assigned to the baseline (‘low self-injury risk’) group. ‘The high-risk self-injury group’ was characterised by a higher probability of endorsing all self-injury items, particularly ‘thoughts of hurting self’ and ‘attempts to hurt self’. The four psychopathy factors showed differential associations with self-injury group membership. Participants scorings higher on the affective component and lower on interpersonal component of psychopathy, were significantly more likely to be assigned to the high risk group. Significant associations were also found between mixed anxiety/depression and gender, and ‘high-risk self-injury group’ membership. Conclusions: These findings have important implications for the identification of individuals at risk of self-injury.
Impact of Perceived Stigma in People Newly Diagnosed With Lung Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

OBJECTIVES To investigate perceived stigma and its possible associations with treatment expectations and preferences in newly diagnosed patients with lung cancer. SAMPLE & SETTING 274 patients with lung cancer diagnosed in the previous four months at oncology and respiratory outpatient clinics in Australia. METHODS & VARIABLES Participants completed a self-report survey about perceived lung cancer stigma and treatment expectations and preferences. RESULTS A mean perceived stigma score of 52 of a possible 124 was reported, which is lower than scores reported in other studies using the same measure; the current study determined that perceived lung cancer stigma was observed less frequently. Significantly higher scores were observed in participants who were younger or who had a history of smoking. Perceived lung cancer stigma was significantly related to treatment expectations. No relationship was found between perceived lung cancer stigma and treatment preferences. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Healthcare providers are in a key position to provide support and communicate empathetically with patients to minimize potential stigma experiences.
The relationship between nurses' stress and nurse staffing factors in a hospital setting.

AIM The present study objective was to examine the relationships between nurses' stress and nurse staffing in a hospital setting. BACKGROUND Nurses have many job-related stressors. There is a lack of research exploring the relationship between job stressors to staffing and day of week worked. METHODS The sample consisted of registered nurses (RNs) (N = 197) providing direct patient care. Data were collected via electronic software. Variables included demographic information, work setting information, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores and Nursing Stress Scale (NSS) scores. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlations and analysis of variance. RESULTS Among respondents, a positive correlation (r = 0.363, P 0.05) was found between the NSS and PSS and between age and patient work load (i.e. number of patients the nurse cared for) (r = 0.218, P < 0.05). A negative correlation (r = -0.142, P < 0.05) existed between NSS and respondents' age. Analysis of variance showed that younger nurses had more nursing stress than older nurses (F(1,195) = 4.283, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Age, patient work load and day of the week worked are important factors affecting nurses' stress levels. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMEN: Nurse managers should consider scheduling as a potential stressor for nurses.
Lin28B and Let-7 in the Control of Sympathetic Neurogenesis and Neuroblastoma Development

The RNA binding protein Lin28B is expressed in developing tissues and sustains stem and progenitor cell identity as a negative regulator of the Let-7 family of microRNAs, which induces differentiation. Lin28B is activated in neuroblastoma (NB), a childhood tumor in sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla. Forced expression of Lin28B in embryonic mouse sympathoadrenal neuroblasts elicits postnatal NB formation. However, the normal function of Lin28B in the development of sympathetic neurons and chromaffin cells and the mechanisms involved in Lin28B-induced tumor formation are unclear. Here, we demonstrate a mirror-image expression of Lin28B and Let-7a in developing chick sympathetic ganglia. Lin28B expression is not restricted to undifferentiated progenitor cells but, is observed in proliferating noradrenergic neuroblasts. Lin28 knockdown in cultured sympathetic neuroblasts decreases proliferation, whereas Let-7 inhibition increases the proportion of neuroblasts in the cell cycle. Lin28B overexpression enhances proliferation, but only during a short developmental period, and it does not reduce Let-7a. Effects of in vivo Lin28B overexpression were analyzed in the LSL-Lin28BDBHiCre mouse line. Sympathetic ganglion and adrenal medulla volume and the expression level of Let-7a were not altered, although Lin28B expression increased by 12- to 17-fold. In contrast, Let-7a expression was strongly reduced in LSL-Lin28BDbhiCre NB tumor tissue. These data demonstrate essential functions for endogenous Lin28 and Let-7 in neuroblast proliferation. However, Lin28B overexpression neither sustains neuroblast proliferation nor affects let-7 expression. Thus, in contrast to other pediatric tumors, Lin28B-induced NB is not due to expansion of proliferating embryonic neuroblasts, and Let-7-independent functions are implicated during initial NB development. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Lin28A/B proteins are highly expressed in early development and maintain progenitor cells by blocking the biogenesis and differentiation function of Let-7 microRNAs. Lin28B is aberrantly upregulated in the childhood tumor neuroblastoma (NB). NB develops in sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla and is elicited by forced Lin28B expression. We demonstrate that Lin28A/B and Let-7 are essential for sympathetic neuroblast proliferation during normal development. Unexpectedly, Lin28B upregulation in a mouse model does not affect neuroblast proliferation, ganglion size, and Let-7 expression during early postnatal development. Lin28B-induced NB, in contrast to other pediatric cancers, does not evolve from neuroblasts that continue to divide and involves Let-7-independent functions during initial development.
Adverse childhood experiences and interpersonal violence among college students: does a relationship exist?

Abstract Objective Previous research has found women who experience eight or more Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are 3.5 times as likely to be victims of adult IPV. This study examined the relationship between ACEs and IPV (physical violence, sexual violence, psychological violence, and stalking) among college students. Participants This study was conducted among undergraduate students (N = 2,900) at two large, non-profit, public universities in the United States. Methods Students completed a web-based survey addressing self-reported ACEs and violence that occurred within the current academic year. Chi-square tests and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between ACEs and violence. Results College students with higher ACE scores were more likely to experience violence. Students with ACE scores of four or higher were between 1.9-4.9 times more likely to experience violence. A dose response relationship was found between ACE score and experiences of violence. Conclusions Campus violence prevention programs may benefit from incorporating discussion of ACEs into programing.
Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Paxillus MacLeay and Passipassalus Reyes-Castillo and Fonseca (Coleoptera: Passalidae: Passalini), with the Description of New Species

ABSTRACT The first phylogenetic analysis of the genera Passipassalus and Paxillus is presented. We studied all species of these two genera, including Passipassalus nukak sp. nov., Paxillus amati sp. nov., Paxillus inca sp. nov., Paxillus martinezi sp. nov., and Paxillus akatanga sp. nov. A morphological matrix with 40 characters was analyzed employing maximum parsimony. Nine species from other genera of Passalini (Ameripassalus, Passalus, Spasalus, and Ptichopus) were included. A single most-parsimonious tree was found with three polytomies caused by collapsing zero-length branches. Two species of Paxillus were grouped with Passipassalus buhrnheimi Fonseca and Reyes-Castillo (Passipassalus macrocerus (Reyes-Castillo and Fonseca) n. comb. and Passipassalus corniculatus (Fonseca, Gouveia and Fernandez) n. comb. ). The remaining species of Paxillus constitute a monophyletic group divided in two clades that we called the Leachi and Forsteri species groups. The transfer of two species from Paxillus to Passipassalus makes mandatory the redescription and redelimitation of these two genera. Likewise, reviewing the morphological characters, we found that the lacinia, a traditional character employed to delimit Paxillus, is bidentate in all species of Forsteri group. Our results suggest an early separation of the ancestors of Paxillus and Passipassalus within Passalini, and agree with observations by other authors about the paleoendemism of Paxillus in the Greater Antilles.
A Theoretically Grounded Benchmark for Evaluating Machine Commonsense

Programming machines with commonsense reasoning (CSR) abilities is a longstanding challenge in the Artificial Intelligence community. Current CSR benchmarks use multiple-choice (and in relatively fewer cases, generative) question-answering instances to evaluate machine commonsense. Recent progress in transformer-based language representation models suggest that considerable progress has been made on existing benchmarks. However, although tens of CSR benchmarks currently exist, and are growing, it is not evident that the full suite of commonsense capabilities have been systematically evaluated. Furthermore, there are doubts about whether language models are 'fitting' to a benchmark dataset's training partition by picking up on subtle, but normatively irrelevant (at least for CSR), statistical features to achieve good performance on the testing partition. To address these challenges, we propose a benchmark called Theoretically-Grounded Commonsense Reasoning (TG-CSR) that is also based on discriminative question answering, but with questions designed to evaluate diverse aspects of commonsense, such as space, time, and world states. TG-CSR is based on a subset of commonsense categories first proposed as a viable theory of commonsense by Gordon and Hobbs. The benchmark is also designed to be few-shot (and in the future, zero-shot), with only a few training and validation examples provided. This report discusses the structure and construction of the benchmark. Preliminary results suggest that the benchmark is challenging even for advanced language representation models designed for discriminative CSR question answering tasks. Benchmark access and leaderboard: https://codalab.lisn. upsaclay.fr/competitions/3080 Benchmark website: https://usc-isi-i2.github. io/TGCSR/