Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive control using multiple models

Intelligent control may be viewed as the ability of a controller to operate in multiple environments by recognizing which environment is currently in existence and servicing it appropriately. An important prerequisite for an intelligent controller is the ability to adapt rapidly to any unknown but constant operating environment. This paper presents a general methodology for such adaptive control using multiple models, switching, and tuning. The approach was first introduced by Narendra et al. (1992) for improving the transient response of adaptive systems in a stable fashion. This paper proposes different switching and tuning schemes for adaptive control which combine fixed and adaptive models in novel ways. The principal mathematical results are the proofs of stability when these different schemes are used in the context of model reference control of an unknown linear time-invariant system. A variety of simulation results are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methods.
EMISSION LINES IN THE WINGS OF SOLAR H AND K

In 1898 Jewell observed a line in the red wing of the solar K line that showed in emission on the disk near the limb, but which he could not see either in absorption or emission elsewhere on the disk. He measured the wavelength as À 3934.954 on Rowland’s scale, which is A 3934.814 in I. Â The line was strongest where the K-line central reversal was strongest, although the correspondence was not perfect and he found no trace of the emission line in plages or sunspots. Evershed’ confirmed Jewell’s observation and found, in addition, three similar lines—one in the violet wing of the K line at A 3931.5 and one in each wing of the H line at A 3969.4 and A 3967.0. In his classic study of the chromosphere, Menzel described the behavior of the chromospheric flash spectrum lines in their transition from emission to absorption at the limb. He found that certain lines (his class “c”) extended in emission several seconds of arc onto the disk although their intensity fell off steeply above the limb. He noted that most of these class “c” lines were due to the singly ionized rare earths. In 1935, Thackeray identified the four emission lines measured by Evershed as belonging to Ceil, Ndn, and Eu n and noted that Jewell’s line A 3934.8 could be seen to about one minute of arc inside the limb. Stefanovich studied the center-to-limb variation of the equivalent widths and half-widths of these four lines and reported three faint new lines with similar behavior. He found that the two strongest lines A 3934.8 and A 3969.4 ordinarily change from emission to absorption at about p = 0.90 (p — 0.44), but are strengthened in active regions, and in plages and flares they may occur in emission at great distances from the limb (p = 0.65).
Non-axisymmetric equilibrium reconstruction for stellarators, reversed field pinches and tokamaks

Axisymmetric equilibrium reconstruction using magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium solutions to the Grad–Shafranov equation has long been an important tool for interpreting tokamak experiments. This paper describes recent results in non-axisymmetric (three-dimensional) equilibrium reconstruction of nominally axisymmetric plasmas (tokamaks and reversed field pinches (RFPs)), and fully non-axisymmetric plasmas (stellarators). Results from applying the V3FIT code to CTH and HSX stellarator plasmas, RFX-mod RFP plasmas and the DIII-D tokamak are presented.
Parametric Modeling and Optimization of Switched Reluctance Motor for EV

To meet the high- performance requirements of new energy vehicle drive, the optimization design of 8/6 Switched Reluctance Motor is realized based on finite element parametric modeling of the motor. Firstly, the initial design of motor structure parameters is carried out based on the mathematical model of Switched Reluctance Motor, and the simulation model of the motor is built using RMxprt platform, and the debugging of the characteristics of the wide speed range of the motor is finished. Then, the parametric finite element model of the motor is generated, and the stator and rotor pole arc coefficients of the motor are selected as the optimization variables, and the multi-objective compromise optimization of the torque characteristics and efficiency of the motor is carried out by using the Quasi-Newton method weighting method. Finally, the magnetic field distribution, torque characteristics, efficiency and speed range characteristics before and after optimization are compared, proving that the optimized Switch Reluctance Motor can achieve multi-objective performance optimization. The motor designed by this modeling optimization method can improve the requirements of vehicle driving better.
Robust stabilization: a piece of cake

Considers a non-parametric model for plant uncertainty where at each frequency the plant error is constrained to a sector (the proverbial piece of cake) of the complex plane. Most importantly, the sector corner Z/sub 0/(/spl omega/) and the sector angle /spl phi/(/spl omega/) are allowed to change with frequency. Thus, both frequency-dependent magnitude and phase information of the plant error are modelled. It is shown that the associated robust stabilization problem is equivalent to a standard Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation problem. <<ETX>>
The Operational Complex Quality Control of Radiosonde Heights and Temperatures at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. Part I: Description of the Method

The quality control of meteorological data has always been an important, if not always fully appreciated, step in the use of the data for analysis and forecasting. In most quality-control approaches, erroneous data are treated as nonrandom ‘‘outliers’’ to the data distribution, which must be eliminated. The elimination of such data traditionally proceeds from coarse to finer filters. More recent methods use the fit (or lack of fit) of such data to an analysis, excluding the data, to determine whether data are acceptable. The complex quality-control (CQC) approach, on the other hand, recognizes that most rough errors are caused by human error and can likely be corrected. In the CQC approach, several independent checks are made that provide numerical measures of any error magnitude. It is only after all check magnitudes, called residuals, are calculated that data quality is determined and errors are corrected when possible. The data-quality assessment and correction is made by the sophisticated logic of the decision-making algorithm (DMA). The principles and development of the method of CQC for radiosonde data were given by Gandin. The development of CQC at the National Centers for Environmental Protection (NCEP) for the detection and correction of errors in radiosonde heights and temperatures, called the complex quality control for heights and temperatures (CQCHT), has progressed from the use of a complex of hydrostatic checks only to the use of statistical and other checks as well, thereby becoming progressively sophisticated. This paper describes a major restructuring in the use of the radiosonde data and in the logical basis of the DMA in the operational CQCHT algorithm at NCEP so that, unlike the previous implementations, all data levels are treated together, thus potentially allowing the correction at any level to influence subsequent correction at adjacent levels, whether they are mandatory or significant. At each level, treated one by one from the surface upward, all available checks are used to make the appropriate decisions. Several vertical passes may be made through the data until no more corrections are possible. Final passes look for ‘‘observation’’ errors. The methods of error determination are outlined, and the effect of errors on the residuals is illustrated. The calculation of residuals is described, their availability for each type of data surface (e.g., earth’s surface, mandatory level, significant level) is given, and their use by the DMA is presented. The limitations of the use of various checks are discussed.
Spectral investigation of a large-area 2D silicon photonic crystal slab for mid-IR radiation

A two-dimensional silicon photonic crystal (PhC), which is designed to provide a modified dispersion for photon energies of less than half of the electronic band gap of silicon, and which has been fabricated by laser interference lithography (LIL), is studied by angular dependent infrared reflectivity measurements. The resonance features, which we observe in the polarized reflectivity spectra, and which arise from resonant coupling of the infrared radiation to the leaky modes, are used to derive the probed leaky modes' quality factor of the PhC fabricated by LIL. We also present photonic band structure calculations to reveal the bandgaps of the guided modes.
The computational design of junctions by carbon nanotube insertion into a graphene matrix

Using first-principles density functional theory calculations, two types of junction models constructed from armchair and zigzag carbon nanotube (CNT) insertion into a graphene matrix have been envisioned. It has been found that the insertion of the CNT into the graphene matrix leads to the formation of C–C covalent bonds between graphene and the CNT that distort the CNT geometry. However, the hydrogenation of the suspended carbon bonds on the graphene resumes the graphene-like structure of the pristine tube. The calculated band structure of armchair CNT insertion into graphene or hydrogenation graphene opens up a band gap and converts the metallic CNT into a semiconductor. For the zigzag CNT, the sp3 hybridization between the graphene and nanotube alters the band structure of the tube significantly, whereas saturating the dangling bonds of terminal carbon atoms of graphene makes the CNT almost keep the same character of the bands as that in the pristine tube. The synthesis of our designed hybrid structures must be increasingly driven by an interest in molecules that not only have intriguing structures but also have special functions such as hydrogen storage.
Mixed-objective optimization of track-following controllers using linear matrix inequalities

In this paper, we present a mixed-objective optimization method for the track-following controller design in hard disk drives using linear matrix inequalities. The objective of achieving minimal position error in the presence of operational vibration and model variations is formulated into a set of constrained l-norm minimization problems. The minimization of the position error in the root-mean-square sense is formulated as an H/sub 2/ norm minimization while the robustness to the dynamics variation is treated as an H/sub /spl infin// norm constraint. The external vibration and bias rejection requirement is treated as either an H/sub 2/ or H/sub /spl infin// norm constraint. The optimization problems are treated purely in the discrete-time domain to avoid any performance degradation involved with continuous-time to discrete-time conversion. The resulted LMIs are solved by convex optimization after being transformed into a set of synthesis LMIs. The proposed controller is implemented and tested on production disk drives with fixed-point DSP controllers. The test showed 7/spl sim/11% improvement in position error over the conventional track-following controllers while achieving the comparable robust stability and the vibration rejection capability.
The theory of irreversible processes

A survey is given of the recent developments in the theory of irreversible processes. Particular emphasis is laid on the derivations of master equations by Van Hove and Prigogine and on the linear response theory initiated by Kubo and Tomita. The emphasis in the presentation is on the assumptions underlying these theories and the physical consequences that follow from them. The ergodic theorems that follow from the master equations are discussed and the basic problem of how irreversibility arises is reviewed in the light of these recent developments. Formal linear response theory is summarized and the recent work on non-equilibrium open systems is discussed in some detail. Some special applications that illustrate the general theories are presented at the end of the article. Several topics have been omitted - there is no discussion of irreversible thermodynamics or other phenomenological theories, and the theory of thermodynamic Green's function is mentioned only briefly. Both these topics are dealt with in detail in books which we refer to in the references.
COMPARACIÓN ENTRE ENFOQUES GENERATIVOS Y DISCRIMINATIVOS PARA LA CLASIFICACIÓN DE EVENTOS SÍSMICOS Comparison between generative and discriminative approaches for classification of seismic events

Seismic signals classification is important by itself in order to discover factual interactions between volcanic earthquakes and volcanic processes. In this paper, the performance of two classifiers under different classification strategies is compared: Gaussian mixture models, under the generative model classification approach and support vector machines, below the discriminative function classification approach. Likewise, different combinations of both classifiers are presented. Results using the discriminative function approach are superior.
Efficiency of using correlation function for estimation of probability of substance detection on the base of THz spectral dynamics

One of the problems arising in Time-Domain THz spectroscopy for the problem of security is the developing the criteria for assessment of probability for the detection and identification of the explosive and drugs. We analyze the efficiency of using the correlation function and another functional (more exactly, spectral norm) for this aim. These criteria are applied to spectral lines dynamics. For increasing the reliability of the assessment we subtract the averaged value of THz signal during time of analysis of the signal: it means deleting the constant from this part of the signal. Because of this, we can increase the contrast of assessment. We compare application of the Fourier-Gabor transform with unbounded (for example, Gaussian) window, which slides along the signal, for finding the spectral lines dynamics with application of the Fourier transform in short time interval (FTST), in which the Fourier transform is applied to parts of the signals, for the same aim. These methods are close each to other. Nevertheless, they differ by series of frequencies which they use. It is important for practice that the optimal window shape depends on chosen method for obtaining the spectral dynamics. The probability enhancements if we can find the train of pulses with different frequencies, which follow sequentially. We show that there is possibility to get pure spectral lines dynamics even under the condition of distorted spectrum of the substance response on the action of the THz pulse.
Strong Gorenstein Test Modules

ABSTRACT Let (R, 𝔪, k) be a commutative Noetherian local ring with maximal ideal 𝔪. Recently, Asadollahi and Salarian used relative cohomology functors to define Gorenstein test modules. In this article it is shown that every nonzero finitely generated R-module is a Gorenstein test module.
Lundberg-type Bounds for the Joint Distribution of Surplus Immediately Before and at Ruin under a Markov-modulated Risk Model

In this paper, we consider a Markov-modulated risk model (also called Markovian regime switching insurance risk model). Follow Asmussen (2000, 2003), by using the theory of Markov additive process, an exponential martingale is constructed and Lundberg-type upper bounds for the joint distribution of surplus immediately before and at ruin are obtained. As a natural corollary, bounds for the distribution of the deficit at ruin are obtained. We also present some numerical results to illustrate the tightness of the bound obtained in this paper.
Model based robot vision

A robust methodology is presented for sensing and data processing to recognize industrial objects in a scene. The method is based upon an extension of the logical sensor concept. Each module of the sensing system is equipped with tests on its results to verify the correctness of the operation. If these tests are not successful, corrective action is taken. This is realized by adjustment of the module parameters or incorporation of another module in the processing. The modules and tests to recognize industrial objects in an image are described. The robustness of the method for noise and shading is demonstrated and compared with a conventional approach. <<ETX>>
The heat of shortening and the dynamic constants of muscle

The hope was recently expressed (Hill 1937, p. 116) that with the development of a more accurate and rapid technique for muscle heat measurement, a much more consistent picture might emerge of the energy relations of muscles shortening (or lengthening) and doing positive (or negative) work. This hope has been realized, and some astonishingly simple and accurate relations have been found, relations, moreover, which (among other things) determine the effect of load on speed of shortening, allow the form of the isometric contraction to be predicted, and are the basis of the so-called “visco-elasticity” of skeletal muscle. This paper is divided into three parts. In Part I further developments of the technique are described: everything has depended on the technique, so no apology is needed for a rather full description of it and of the precautions necessary. In Part II the results themselves are described and discussed. In Part III the “visco-elastic” properties of active muscle are shown to be a consequence of the properties described in Part II.
Fuzzy controller design via hyperstability approach

This paper presents a systematic procedure of designing fuzzy controllers for a class of nonlinear systems. The main scheme is to reduce the nonlinear model to a linear model by introducing a reference signal or model, and then design a controller to satisfy the desired control objective by means of Popov's hyperstability theory. <<ETX>>
Solar Cycle Response in the Horizontal Force of the Earth's Magnetic Field

The solar cycle line has been resolved in the horizontal force by power spectrum analysis using 120 years' data of Colaba-Alibag. Having established the presence of a large signal, the variation and phase in relation to solar cycle have been computed from the data of eight observatories by the application of an appropriately designed band-pass numerical filter. The response in the horizontal force has been found to be larger and more uniform than estimated earilier. At most of the stations, the response was still greater during peaks of odd solar cycles suggesting a 22-year variation in the field. An unexpected 17 to 18 year cyclic variation has also been noticed in the autocorrelation function of the data series of Colaba-Alibag. The data of this station, after removal of the secular variation, also suggest the presence of an 80 year cycle in the horizontal force.
Adaptive finite element approximation of multiphysics problems: A fluid–structure interaction model problem

In this paper we consider finite element simulation of the mechanical response of an elastic solid immersed into a viscous incompressible fluid flow. For simplicity, we assume that the mechanics of the solid is governed by linear elasticity and the motion of the fluid by the Stokes equation. For this one‐way coupled multiphysics problem we derive an a posteriori error estimate using duality techniques. Based on the estimate we propose an adaptive algorithm that automatically constructs a suitable mesh for the fluid and solid computational domains given a specific goal quantity for the elastic problem. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The submerged sphere as an absorber of wave power

A submerged sphere is considered to be absorbing power from an incident wave through an integrated mooring and power take-off system. It is shown that the power absorbed (as characterized by the absorption length) depends on the hydrodynamic properties of the sphere; in particular on the added-mass and damping coefficients. These coefficients are determined and the results used to study the power absorption properties of the sphere. Curves are given showing the variation of the absorption length with wavenumber, for differing depths of submergence.
A NONPARAMETRIC BAYESIAN APPROACH TO DETECT THE NUMBER OF REGIMES IN MARKOV SWITCHING MODELS

The literature on Markov switching models is increasing and producing interesting results both at theoretical and applied levels. Most often the number of regimes, i.e., of data generating processes, is considered known; this strong hypothesis is adopted to somewhat bypass the nuisance parameter problem which affects hypothesis testing for the number of regimes. In this paper we take the view that some results derived from a nonparametric Bayesian approach provide a convenient way to deal with the issue of detecting the number of components in the mixture density, based on the assumption that the parameter distributions are generated by a Dirichlet process. The advantage is that we need no testing (in a classical sense) for the number of regimes, and the approach is not affected by a change point at the beginning or at the end of the sample. A Monte Carlo experiment provides some insights into the performance of the procedure. The potentiality of the approach is illustrated in reference with some well known results on exchange rate modelling.
Space Station Reboost with Electrodynamic Tethers

This paper presents the results of a study of an electrodynamic tether system to reboost the International Space Station (ISS). One recommendation is to use a partially bare tether for electron collection. Locations are suggested as to where the tether system is to be attached at the space station. The effects of the tether system on the microgravity environment may actually be beneficial, because the system can neutralize aerodrag during quiescent periods and, if deployed from a movable boom, can permit optimization of laboratory positioning with respect to acceleration contours. Alternative approaches to tether deployment and retrieval are discussed. It is shown that a relatively short tether system, 7 km long, operating at a power level of 5 kW could provide cumulative savings or over a billion dollars during a 10-year period ending in 2012. This savings is the direct result of a reduction in the number or nights that would otherwise be required to deliver propellant for reboost, with larger cost savings for higher tether usage. In addition to economic considerations, an electrodynamic tether promises a practical backup system that could ensure ISS survival in the event of an (otherwise) catastrophic delay in propellant delivery.
RANDOM THRESHOLD MODELS APPLIED TO INFLATED ZERO CLASS DATA

summary For a random component threshold model, the threshold parameters are functions of a linear combination of fixed and random components. This paper describes estimation procedures in terms of composite link functions. The models give a good fit to the frequency of use of medical procedures in the different counties of Washington State, USA. Suitable models for studying change in county effects in successive years are developed.
Performance analysis of a 3D unstructured mesh hydrodynamics code on multi‐core and many‐core architectures

Several next generation high performance computing platforms are or will be based on the so‐called many‐core architectures, which represent a significant departure from commodity multi‐core architectures. A key issue in transitioning large‐scale simulation codes from multi‐core to many‐core systems is closing the serial performance gap, that is, overcoming the large difference in single‐core performance between multi‐core and many‐core systems. In this paper, we discuss how this problem was addressed for a 3D unstructured mesh hydrodynamics code, describe how Amdahl's law can be used to estimate performance targets and guide optimization efforts, and present timing studies performed on multi‐core and many‐core platforms. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.