Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing cataract awareness and treatment attitudes among the middle-aged and older in western China's rural areas

Purpose This study was conducted to determine the level of knowledge about cataracts and the associated factors among adults aged 50 and above in rural areas of Qingcheng county in Gansu Province of Western China, 2020. Methods A large community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the randomly selected 1,503 adults aged 50 and above from October to December 2020. Data were collected by conducting eye examinations and face-to-face interviews. Multivariate binary logistic regression and multivariate linear regression were used to identify associated factors of knowledge about cataracts. Odds Ratio (OR), Coefficient (C), and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were reported to declare the statistical associations between knowledge about cataracts and the independent variables. Results Of the 1,503 study participants, 1,078 (71.7%) had good knowledge about cataracts. The primary school completed [OR = 1.43 (95% CI 1.08–1.90), P = 0.012], Secondary school & above [OR = 2.69 (95% CI 1.86–3.89), P <0.001], Examine for cataract [OR = 1.82 (95%CI 1.27–2.62), P = 0.001] were positively significantly associated with knowledge about cataracts. Whereas eye examinations [OR = 0.73(95% CI 0.55–0.96), P = 0.022] were negatively associated with knowledge about cataracts. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed a significant negative correlation between age and knowledge of cataract treatment options. Living with at least one child was positively correlated with knowledge of the therapeutic effects of cataracts. And monthly household income was significantly positively correlated with knowledge of the therapeutic effects of cataracts, treatment options, and the surgical reimbursement ratio for cataracts. Conclusions More than one-third of the participants still had poor knowledge about cataracts. The respondents with at least primary education and above, with previous examinations, and with examination for cataracts had significant associations with good knowledge about cataracts. So, it is recommended that stakeholders in different hierarchies organize health education by considering the education level of the community, focusing on cataract treatment knowledge and the surgical reimbursement ratio to improve cataract surgery rates.
Infrared spectra of protostars : composition of the dust shells.

Nearly complete 2 to 13 . mu.m spectra are presented for 13 compact infrared sources associated with molecular clouds, as well as partial spectra of six additional objects. The spectra resemble blackbodies with superposed absorption features from 2.8 to 3.5 . mu.m, at 6.0 and 6.8 . mu.m, and in the silicate band centered near 9.7 . mu.m. Correlations among the features are studied in an attempt to confirm possible identifications. A good correlation between the deepest part of the absorption at 3.1 . mu.m, its long wavelength wing, and the 6.0 . mu.m features suggests that all may be due to large amorphous water ice particles. The relatively poor correlation between the 3.4 and 6.8 . mu.m optical depths adds no evidence to support the suggestion that these bands may be due to CH bonds.
Selection signature analysis and genome-wide divergence of South African Merino breeds from their founders

Merino sheep are a breed of choice across the world, popularly kept for their wool and mutton value. They are often reared as a pure breed or used in crossbreeding and are a common component in synthetic breed development. This study evaluated genetic diversity, population structure, and breed divergence in 279 animals of Merino and Merino-based sheep breeds in South Africa using the Illumina Ovine SNP 50K BeadChip. The sheep breeds analysed included the three Merino-derived breeds of Dohne Merino (n = 50); Meatmaster (n = 47); and Afrino (n = 52) and five presumed ancestral populations of Merinos (Merino (n = 46); South African Merino (n = 10); and South African Mutton Merino (n = 8)); and the non-Merino founding breeds of Damara (n = 20); Ronderib Afrikaner (n = 17); and Nguni (n = 29). Highest genetic diversity values were observed in the Dohne Merino (DM), with H o = 0.39 ± 0.01, followed by the Meatmaster and South African Merino (SAM), with H o = 0.37 ± 0.03. The level of inbreeding ranged from 0.0 ± 0.02 (DM) to 0.27 ± 0.05 (Nguni). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed high within-population variance (>80%) across all population categories. The first principal component (PC1) separated the Merino, South African Mutton Merino (SAMM), DM, and Afrino (AFR) from the Meatmaster, Damara, Nguni, and Ronderib Afrikaner (RDA). PC2 aligned each Merino-derived breed with its presumed ancestors and separated the SAMM from the Merino and SAM. The iHS analysis yielded selection sweeps across the AFR (12 sweeps), Meatmaster (four sweeps), and DM (29 sweeps). Hair/wool trait genes such as FGF12; metabolic genes of ICA1, NXPH1, and GPR171; and immune response genes of IL22, IL26, IFNAR1, and IL10RB were reported. Other genes include HMGA, which was observed as selection signatures in other populations; WNT5A, important in the development of the skeleton and mammary glands; ANTXR2, associated with adaptation to variation in climatic conditions; and BMP2, which has been reported as strongly selected in both fat-tailed and thin-tailed sheep. The DM vs. SAMM shared all six sweep regions on chromosomes 1, 10, and 11 with AFR vs. SAMM. Genes such as FGF12 on OAR 1:191.3–194.7 Mb and MAP2K4 on OAR 11:28.6–31.3 Mb were observed. The selection sweep on chromosome 10 region 28.6–30.3 Mb harbouring the RXFP2 for polledness was shared between the DM vs. Merino, the Meatmaster vs. Merino, and the Meatmaster vs. Nguni. The DM vs. Merino and the Meatmaster vs. Merino also shared an Rsb-based selection sweep on chromosome 1 region 268.5–269.9 Mb associated with the Calpain gene, CAPN7. The study demonstrated some genetic similarities between the Merino and Merino-derived breeds emanating from common founding populations and some divergence driven by breed-specific selection goals. Overall, information regarding the evolution of these composite breeds from their founding population will guide future breed improvement programs and management and conservation efforts.
Surface acoustic wave sensor for formaldehyde gas detection using the multi-source spray-deposited graphene/PMMA composite film

A surface acoustic wave (SAW) formaldehyde sensor based on a graphene/polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) composite film with high sensitivity, and short response and recovery time was proposed in this study. Using a novel multi-source spray deposition method, graphene sheets were uniformly dispersed in a PMMA film to fabricate sensitive films with a three-dimensional framework structure for use in SAW devices. The formaldehyde-sensing ability was enhanced by optimizing the film thickness and operating temperature. The highest performance was achieved for a graphene/PPMA film thickness of 2.2 μm at a temperature of 120°C.
The Young Intercloud Population. III. How Far Does It Extend into the Large Magellanic Cloud?

We present the results of a survey made using 35 15′ × 15′ CCD fields, covering a total area of 2 deg2. These targets probe the southwestern periphery of the Large Magellanic Cloud and, for comparison, a few fields in the southeastern outskirts. V and B-V color-magnitude diagrams reveal, as expected, that the bulk of the stellar population is of intermediate age. Several fields in the southwestern periphery contain a substantial, younger intermediate-age population, which suggests that in these local areas star formation continued up to ∼800 Myr ago. Very few blue stars, presumably members of the young intercloud population, are seen in our CCD fields. We estimate their number to be no more than 100–200 in the ∼15 deg2 east of ICA 76.
Fabry-Perot effects in THz time-domain spectroscopy of plasmonic band-gap structures

Using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, we study transmission in one-dimensional arrays of slits fabricated on metal plates by laser machining. The enhanced peaks of zero-order transmission spectra are attributed to the combined effects of Fabry–Perot and surface plasmon resonances. Angle dependence of transmission spectra shows that the strongly surface plasmon-enhanced peaks appear when the Fabry–Perot-type resonance is located nearby in energy. This means that surface waves traveling in the horizontal direction couple with nearest Fabry–Perot resonance to generate enhanced peaks. These results are in excellent agreement with theoretical calculations.
Domain switching contribution to piezoelectric response in BaTiO3 single crystals

Piezoelectric responses of barium titanate single crystals are investigated along the [720] and [111] directions, respectively, in order to verify the ultrahigh piezoelectric constant (2000pC∕N) reported in a previous study [Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 012905 (2005)]. The results suggest that electric-field-induced strain can be largely enhanced by the domain switching in barium titanate single crystal along the [720] direction; however, the piezoelectric response under small field measurement has not been enhanced as much as expected because domain switching is a nonlinear and irreversible process.
Two-Dimensional Extensions of Neighborhood Preserving Embedding

Neighbourhood Preserving Embedding (NPE) is a novel subspace learning algorithm, which aims at preserving the local neighbourhood structure on the data manifold and is a linear approximation to Locally Linear Embedding (LLE). However, in typical image recognition in 1D vectors space, where the number of data samples is smaller than the dimension of data space, suffering from the singularity problem of matrix, NPE algorithm cannot be implemented directly. In this paper, we investigate NPE directly on image matrix for image recognition. The proposed two-dimensional neighbourhood preserving embedding (2DNPE) and bilateral two-dimensional neighbourhood preserving embedding (B2DNPE) algorithms are all based directly on 2D image matrices rather than on 1D vectors as NPE does, thus the problem of singularity confronted in 1D case is overcome. 2DNPE performs compression only in row direction, while B2DNPE performs compression both in row and in column direction. The relation of them to 2DLPP (B2DLPP) are also presented. The proposed algorithms are evaluated on ORL face database and handwritten digits database.
Raman Spectra and Phase Transition in (1−x)BiScO3−xPbTiO3 Nanopowders

(1−x)BiScO3−xPbTiO3 (BS-PT) nanopowders with composition from x = 0.5 to x = 1.0 (pure PbTiO3 can be regarded as x = 1.0) were prepared. The phase and Raman spectra of nanopowders with different compositions are analysized. The peaks of A1(1LO), E(2TO), silent and A1(2TO) modes show an abrupt decrease in Raman shifts during the phase transition with composition. The change of Raman spectra with temperature are discussed for nanopowders with composition near the morphotropic phase boundary and that of tetragonal phase.
The formation of ultra-short period binaries in globular clusters

Different formation mechanisms are considered for the formation in globular clusters of ultra-short period binaries containing a neutron star and a white dwarf. Collisions between neutron stars and (red or horizontal-branch) giants are the most efficient mechanism. Only one ultra-short binary presently active as an X-ray source is expected among the 12 bright sources known in globular clusters. The possibility of forming a wide wind-driven X-ray binary is also discussed. 17 references.
On Isothermal Squeeze Films

It is shown that squeeze film damping cutoff frequencies can be computed directly from the lowest eigenvalue of the Helmholtz equation. A kinematic mode is proposed and analyzed for the computation of those frequencies and it is demonstrated that Griffin’s calculations may underestimate considerably those frequencies. New results are given for the squeeze film behavior between rectangular plates, annuli which are not necessarily thin and plate sectors.
Methodology to Correct Wind Speed during Average Wind Conditions: Application to the Caribbean Sea

AbstractThe spatial and temporal variability of ocean wind waves plays an important role in many engineering and environmental problems. Although research in this area has been improved in recent decades thanks to the emergence of satellite data, in many cases this information does not have the appropriate resolution for more detailed and local research. In view of this, reanalysis data developed by several meteorological agencies have appeared as a good alternative to force the most popular ocean wind-wave models. Thus, to achieve more accuracy in the data, the 60-yr Global Atmospheric Reanalysis 1 carried out by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) has been corrected, employing the vector correlation and triple collocation theories combined with information from different accurate sources. The comparison of wind speed with satellite and in situ buoy data before correction reveals an important underestimation for areas near the Colombian c.
Structural and vibrational properties of Mg doped ZnO alloy nanostructures

We report structural and vibrational properties of Mg doped ZnO nanoparticles. Structural studies are performed by X-ray diffraction technique, confirms that the prepared particles are in hexagonal wurtzite structure and the lattice parameters changes considerably due to doping. Vibrational properties done with Fourier Transform Infrared red spectroscopy (FTIR) show a band centered at 427cm-1 corresponds to E1(TO) mode. It is also observed that the intensity decreases with the increase of Mg concentration, apart from that the surface phonon modes are appeared at 460 and 521cm-1. Compare to the undoped sample all the normal modes show red shift.
Split-Window LST Algorithms Estimation From AVHRR/NOAA Satellites (7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19) Using Gaussian Filter Function

A study has been carried out using MODTRAN 4.0 radiative transfer code simulations to calculate the brightness temperatures expected at the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on board the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA satellites series (7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19) by using Gaussian Referential Filter (GRF) and Gaussian Filter (GF) instead of filter Normalized Filter obtained from NOAA agency. The outputs of applying MODTRAN 4.0 are values of atmospheric parameters obtained by mathematical convolution using GRF and GF Filters. A detailed analysis of the total error in LST, d Total(Ts) , in function of AVHRR/NOAA satellites, shows that the algorithms are able to estimate accurate LST between a minimum of 1.256 K and a maximum of 1.415 K with amplitude of about 0.159 K. The validations show also that the algorithms are capable to produce LST with a standard deviation lower than 1.554 K and a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) lower than 1.558 K. This result gives the opportunity to use the filter GF instead of filter Normalized Filter obtained from NOAA agency, in other studies by creation of GF filters centered in any region of the electromagnetic.
Combined three‐dimensional lattice Boltzmann method and discrete element method for modelling fluid–particle interactions with experimental assessment

A general algorithmic framework is established in this paper for numerical simulations of three‐dimensional fluid–particle interaction problems with a large number of moving particles in turbulent flows using a combined lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and discrete element method (DEM). In this approach, the fluid field is solved by the extended three‐dimensional LBM with the incorporation of the Smagorinsky turbulence model, while particle interactions are modelled by the DEM. The hydrodynamic interactions between fluid and particles are realized through the extension of an existing two‐dimensional fluid–particle hydrodynamic interaction scheme. The main computational aspects comprise the lattice Boltzmann formulation for the solution of fluid flows, the incorporation of a large eddy simulation‐based turbulence model within the framework of the three‐dimensional LBM for turbulent flows, the moving boundary condition for hydrodynamic interactions between fluid and moving particles, and the discrete element modelling of particle‐particle interactions. To assess the solution accuracy of the proposed approach, a much simplified laboratory model of vacuum dredging systems for mineral recovery is employed. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data available. It shows that the overall correspondence between numerical results and experimental measurements is good and thus indicates, to a certain extent, the solution accuracy of the proposed methodology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening of Antidepressant Effect of Hydro Ethanolic Extract of Caryoyta urens on Wistar Rats

A person’s thoughts, behavior, feelings and sense of wellbeing are important acts for the good sustainable life in the society and also for the personal life. Low mood, exercise rumination of negative thoughts, misery, apathy and pessimism, low self-esteem, feeling of guilty adequacy and ugliness ,indecisiveness ,loss of motivation, anhedonia, loss of reward, these are the symptoms of depression, which is a leading disorder making the human life uncomfortable. Biologically depression is an extremely common psychiatric condition, about which a variety of neurochemical theories exist and for which a corresponding variety of different types of drugs are used for treatment. Imbalanced state of neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and norepihephrine will lead to the depression and anxiety. By evaluation of traditional claim using modern scientific experimental methods, Aiming to develop a drug obtained from plant origin to treat depression using various experimental animal models. On the observation, exploratory behaviors of the animals towards the plant extract with the help of various models involving in the methodology, the antidepressant activity of chemical constituents present in the plant extract, and on admission of the drug to the experiment animals, conducting the exploratory methods, found the antidepressant activity in the extract.
Electron-beam induced degradation in CdTe photovoltaics

We used electron beam induced current (EBIC) to measure degradation of CdTe photovoltaic cells. We have observed that: (i) the EBIC signal shows a considerable, continuous degradation depending on the electron-beam current, scan area, energy, and sample treatment; (ii) the characteristic degradation time fluctuates between different spots on the same sample; and (iii) grain boundary regions are the most effective collectors of the electron-beam generated charge carriers. Our phenomenological model relates the observed degradation to defects caused by the electron-beam generated electrons and holes.
Trends in Stratospheric Ozone: Lessons Learned from a 3D Chemical Transport Model

Abstract Stratospheric ozone is affected by external factors such as chlorofluorcarbons (CFCs), volcanoes, and the 11-yr solar cycle variation of ultraviolet radiation. Dynamical variability due to the quasi-biennial oscillation and other factors also contribute to stratospheric ozone variability. A research focus during the past two decades has been to quantify the downward trend in ozone due to the increase in industrially produced CFCs. During the coming decades research will focus on detection and attribution of the expected recovery of ozone as the CFCs are slowly removed from the atmosphere. A chemical transport model (CTM) has been used to simulate stratospheric composition for the past 30 yr and the next 20 yr using 50 yr of winds and temperatures from a general circulation model (GCM). The simulation includes the solar cycle in ultraviolet radiation, a representation of aerosol surface areas based on observations including volcanic perturbations from El Chichon in 1982 and Pinatubo in 1991, and t.
Copy-reflexive and copy-control constructions A movement analysis

This paper discusses reflexive and control constructions in San Lucas Quiavini Zapotec (Lee 2003) and Hmong (Mortensen 2003), where instead of a reflexive in the former and a null category in the latter, one may find a copy of the antecedent. The paper argues that these constructions provide compelling evidence for a movement analysis of control (Hornstein 2001, 2003; Boeckx & Hornstein 2003, 2004) and reflexivization (Hornstein 2001), as well as the proposal that the phonetic realization of copies generated by movement is regulated by linearization and morphological requirements (Nunes 1999, 2004).
Room-temperature simultaneously enhanced magnetization and electric polarization in BiFeO3 ceramic synthesized by magnetic annealing

Multiferroic BiFeO3 ceramics were synthesized by high temperature magnetic annealing using nanosized precursor powders prepared through microwave combustion. Simultaneously enhanced magnetization and electric polarization were observed at room temperature in the sample annealed under an external magnetic field of 10 T. These enhanced properties might be originated from a spin structure severely modulated or the low temperature magnetic phase driven up to room temperature and above by the large external annealing magnetic fields. These results demonstrate that the strong magnetic annealing method is an alternative way to synthesize high performance BiFeO3 materials.
A Note on the Concept of Independence

In 1933 A.N. Kolmogorov's famous essay Grundbegriffe der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung was published by the publisher Julius Springer in Berlin. It contained an axiomatization of probability theory and led to an unimagined upturn of probability theory and its application. Especially the effect on application must surprise because based on the the axioms, probability theory had become a genuine part of mathematics without any concrete real-world meaning. Kolmogorov states himself about the field of probabilities: “What the elements of this set represent is of no importance in the purely mathematical development of the theory of probability. ” In his treatise Kolmogorov also deals with the concept of independence and introduces it as a purely mathematical quantity without regarding any real-world meaning. In this paper it is shown that the mathematical concept of independence of events is inappropriate from a more realistic point of view.
Speed control of Two Phase Induction Motor using Sliding Mode Controller

The induction motors arecharacterized by complex,non-linear and time-varying dynamics, and hence their speed control is always a challenging problem. There are lot of speed control techniques are available. Out of all that techniques sliding mode control is an efficient one for the speed control due to its robustness and insensitivity to the parameter variation. In this paper, a sliding mode controller is designed for the speed control of Two Phase Induction Motor (TPIM) and TPIM is the viable replacement for the Single Phase Induction Motor (SPIM) IndexTerms:Sliding mode control, single phase induction motor, two phase induction motor, chattering phenomenon