Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In-orbit real-time CMOS TDI detector validation and control to meet constant imaging quality over the mission life time

The Institute of Optical Sensor Systems (OS) at the Robotics and Mechatronics Center of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) has more than 35 years of experience with high-resolution imaging and imaging technology. This paper shows the institute’s scientific results of a hardware driven method to validate the image quality and keep it constant over the whole mission life time. This technology is applicable for highest resolution systems as well as for systems which are foreseen to measure reproducible data series over years. The technology is applicable for panchromatic and multispectral instrument designs. The paper will first define image quality, which is described by modulation transfer function, signal to noise ratio, spatial and spectral resolution, linearity and other key parameters. They are shown the differences in the quality assessment compared to the classic image-based methods. Within an in-orbit initialization phase of the instrument, the full electrical channel is validated by generating a defined amount of electrons instead of electrons coming from the photodiode. The approach is based on charge injection with a reproducible number of electrons which is driving the complete vertical pixel chain. The basic idea is to generate a periodic signal in orbit which can be analyzed with respect to radiation influences. The control timing of the FPGA sensor controller can be operated from ground via commanding. This procedure includes also the initialization mode by controlling the phase adjustment of the CDS sampling. The possible image degradation as a result of typical radiation effects over the mission life time is described in the paper as well as how such effects can be avoided in future by implantation of the proposed method. This new approach enables e.g. linearity test, analysis and alignment and shows the relevance of such a validation technology for high-resolution optical space instruments.
Micronutrients Intake and Central Obesity Associated with Blood Pressure in The Elderly in The Region of Jasinga District West Bogor

Introduction: The elderly are at risk for hypertension due to several dominant factors including being overweight, food intake, coffee drinking habits and heredity factors. Objective: To analyze the relationship between micronutrient intake and central obesity with blood pressure in the elderly in the district of Jasinga, West Bogor. Materials and Methods: This type of research used a cross sectional design involving 68 elderly respondents. Bivariate analysis related to micronutrient intake (sodium, potassium, and magnesium) and central obesity using chi square analysis. Results: The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a relationship between sodium intake and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p 0.05) in the elderly, there is a relationship between potassium intake and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p 0.05) in the elderly, there is no relationship between magnesium intake and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p 0.05) in the elderly, and there is a relationship between central obesity and systolic blood pressure and and diastolic (p 0.05) in the elderly. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a relationship between intake of sodium, potassium and central obesity with blood pressure in the elderly. There is no relationship between magnesium intake and blood pressure in the elderly.
Resource Theory of Special Antiunitary Asymmetry

We propose the resource theory of a special antiunitary asymmetry in quantum theory. The notion of antiunitary asymmetry, in particular, ${\cal PT}$-asymmetry is different from the usual resource theory for asymmetry about unitary representation of a symmetry group, as the ${\cal PT}$ operator is an antiunitary operator with ${\cal P}$ being any self-inverse unitary and ${\cal T}$ being the time-reversal operations. Here, we introduce the ${\cal PT}$-symmetric states, ${\cal PT}$-covariant operations and ${\cal PT}$-asymmetry measures. For single qubit system, we find duality relations between the ${\cal PT}$-asymmetry measures and the coherence. Moreover, for two-qubit states we prove the duality relations between the ${\cal PT}$-asymmetry measures and entanglement measure such as the concurrence. This gives a resource theoretic interpretation to the concurrence which is lacking till today. Thus, the ${\cal PT}$-asymmetry measure and entanglement can be viewed as two sides of an underlying resource. Finally, the ${\cal PT}$-symmetric dynamics is discussed and some open questions are addressed.
Using the Cyclotide Scaffold for Targeting Biomolecular Interactions in Drug Development

This review provides an overview of the properties of cyclotides and their potential for developing novel peptide-based therapeutics. The selective disruption of protein–protein interactions remains challenging, as the interacting surfaces are relatively large and flat. However, highly constrained polypeptide-based molecular frameworks with cell-permeability properties, such as the cyclotide scaffold, have shown great promise for targeting those biomolecular interactions. The use of molecular techniques, such as epitope grafting and molecular evolution employing the cyclotide scaffold, has shown to be highly effective for selecting bioactive cyclotides.
Substrate Dielectric Constant Effects on the Performances of a Metasurface-Based Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna

This paper presents the effects of substrate dielectric constants on the performance characteristics of a circularly polarized (CP) metasurface-based patch antenna. The antenna structure is a modified patch with a step-like truncation sandwiched between a metasurface composed of a 4 × 4 lattices of periodic metallic patches and a ground plane. The effects on the performance variations are evaluated for two principal cases that include a uniform dielectric constant and a nonuniform dielectric constant for the upper and lower substrates of the antenna. Through careful computational analysis, the effects of the substrate dielectric constant on the antenna performance in terms of bandwidth and gain were investigated, and the results demonstrate that the antenna performance improves with a decrease in the substrate dielectric constant. For a uniform substrate material with dielectric constants of εr1 = εr2 = 2.2, the fabricated antenna with an overall size of 54 mm × 54 mm × 3.0 mm (0.76λo × 0.76λo × 0.042λo at 4.24 GHz) demonstrates the following measured performance characteristics: a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 3.75–5.24 GHz (33.14%), a 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 3.85–4.64 GHz (18.61%), a radiation efficiency >93%, and a peak gain of 8.96 dBic within the AR bandwidth.
Copula cosmology: Constructing a likelihood function

To estimate cosmological parameters from a given data set, we need to construct a likelihood function, which sometimes has a complicated functional form. We introduce the copula, a mathematical tool to construct an arbitrary multivariate distribution function from one-dimensional marginal distribution functions with any given dependence structure. It is shown that a likelihood function constructed by the so-called Gaussian copula can reproduce very well the n-dimensional probability distribution of the cosmic shear power spectrum obtained from a large number of ray-tracing simulations. This suggests that the Copula likelihood will be a powerful tool for future weak lensing analyses, instead of the conventional multivariate Gaussian likelihood.
FTC approach with actuator saturation avoidance based on reference management

In this paper, a fault recovery approach using dynamic reference modification and reconfigurable linear quadratic regulator is proposed. The idea is to modify the reference according to the system constraints, which become more strict after fault occurrence to avoid any actuator saturation and ensure system stability. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by a performance index based on tracking reference error and illustrated by an aircraft example subject to actuator faults and constrained on the actuator dynamic ranges. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the Impact of Activated Biochar-Manure Compost Pellet Fertilizer on Volatile Organic Compound Emissions and Heavy Metal Saturation

For this experiment, pelletized activated biochar made of rice hullsor palm bark with swine manure compost was prepared to demonstrate the significant benefits of applying activated biochar-manure compost pellet fertilizer (ABMCP) inmitigating volatile organic compounds (VOCs), odor emission, and heavy metal saturation. Morphology and surface area analysis indicated that the activated rice hull biochar-manure compost pellet (ARP) had a significantly lower surface area, porous volume, and Fe content the activated palm biochar-manure compost pellet (APP). However, the ARP presented great potential to mitigate VOCs and odorant emissions. Our results indicated that the ARP reduced total reduced sulfur (TRS) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) emissions by 69% and 93%, respectively. Heavy metals such as Pb, As, and Cd were not detected in the leachates fromthe ARP, APP, and swine manure compost. These results suggest that ABMCP can be a potential adsorbent to control VOCs and odorant emissions andpromote sustainable swine manure management and agricultural application.
Impact of clustering of unlabeled data on classification: case study in bipolar disorder

Currently, it is possible to collect a large amount of data from sensors. At the same time, data are often only partially labeled. For example, in the context of smartphone-based monitoring of mental state, there are much more data collected from smartphones than those collected from psychiatrists about the mental state. The approach presented in this paper is designed to examine if unlabeled data can improve the accuracy of classification tasks in the considered case study of classifying a patient's state. First, unlabeled data are represented by clusters membership through Fuzzy C-means algorithm which corresponds to the uncertainty of the patient's condition in this disease. Secondly, the classification is performed using two well-known algorithms, Random Forest and SVM. The obtained results indicate a minimal improvement in the quality of classification thanks to the use of membership in clusters. These results are promising due to both, the accuracy and interpretability.
Establishment of the Heart and Brain Team for Patent Foramen Ovale Closure in Stroke Patients: An Expert Opinion

The online 2021 Asian-Pacific Heart and Brain Summit was organized to present and discuss experiences within leading Asian-Pacific centers with regard to institutional heart and brain teams managing the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of cryptogenic stroke (CS) patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO). This manuscript presents a narrative review of presentations and discussions during the summit meeting. Percutaneous PFO closure is an established therapy for CS patients in whom PFO is considered to be causal. Guidelines and consensus statements emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary clinical decision-making regarding PFO closure with the involvement of several clinical specialties, including neurology, cardiology, and hematology. It is also recommended that the patient be closely involved in this process. The heart and brain team is a collaborative platform that facilitates such a multidisciplinary decision-making process and patient involvement. It also creates opportunities for education and evaluation of the healthcare provided to patients with CS. This review provides insights into the implementation, composition, organization, and operation of a heart and brain team. Methods and metrics are suggested to evaluate the team’s role. We suggest that an efficient heart and brain team can implement guideline-recommended multidisciplinary clinical decision-making with regard to PFO closure in CS patients and play an important role in the management of these patients.
DYNAMICAL AND EVOLUTIONARY CONSTRAINTS ON THE NATURE AND ORIGIN OF HYPERVELOCITY STARS

In recent years, several hypervelocity stars (HVSs) have been observed in the halo of our Galaxy. Such stars are thought to be ejected through dynamical interactions near the massive black hole (MBH) in the Galactic center (GC). Three scenarios have been suggested for their ejection: binary disruption by an MBH, scattering by inspiraling intermediate mass black hole (IMBH) and scattering by stellar black holes (SBHs) close to MBH. These scenarios involve different stellar populations in the GC. Here we use observations of the GC stellar population together with dynamical and evolutionary arguments to obtain strong constraints on the nature and origin of HVSs. We show that the IMBH inspiral scenario requires too many ) main-sequence B stars to exist close to the MBH (<0.01 pc) at the time of inspiral, where current observations show such stars. Scattering by SBHs also require too many B stars to be observed in the GC, but may contribute a small fraction of the currently observed HVSs. The binary disruption scenario is still consistent with current observations. In addition, it is shown that recently suggested signatures for HVSs origin such as hypervelocity binaries and slow rotating HVSs are much weaker than suggested and require too large statistics. In addition, we show that due to the conditions close to the MBH most binary star systems are not expected to survive for long in this region. Consequently, unique stellar populations that require long evolution in binaries are not expected to be ejected as HVSs in the SBHs scattering mechanisms (this may also be related to the recently observed asymmetry in the velocity distribution of HVSs).
The small-scale structure of quantum spacetime

Planck-scale quantum spacetime undergoes probabilistic local curvature fluctuations whose distributions cannot explicitly depend on position otherwise vacuum's small-scale quantum structure would fail to be statistically homogeneous. Since the collection of fluctuations is a many-body system, the natural explanation for their position-independent statistics is that they are in equilibrium with each other and distributed at maximum entropy. Consequently, their probability distributions obey the laws of statistical physics which enforces small-scale smoothness, prevents the homogeneity-violating diffusion found in any free quantum system, and maintains decoherence. Their entropy, calculated using the explicitly-constructed phase space of the Riemann whose statistics are derived using a background-independent graviton exchange ensemble, is proportional to the Einstein-Hilbert action evaluated on the macroscopic expected geometry and includes a small, positive cosmological constant. Entropy maximization yields quantum spacetime's Ehrenfest equations of motion which are identical to Einstein's expectation-valued field equations. This background-independent dynamical formulation reveals curvature fluctuation entropy as a source of expansion and raises the possibility that matter's zero-point energy problem, which is action-based and not energy shift invariant, may not be a problem after all.
"Admissibility and Polynomial Dichotomy of Discrete Nonautonomous Systems"

"We give new admissibility criteria for dichotomic behaviours of discrete nonautonomous sys- tems, in infinite dimensional spaces. First, we present admissibility conditions for uniform and exponential dichotomy. Next, our study is focused on polynomial dichotomy, providing new characterizations for this no- tion by means of some double admissibilities. We obtain two categories of criteria for polynomial dichotomy, based on input-output conditions imposed to some suitable systems such that, for each one, the input sequences belong to certain $l^p$ -spaces and the outputs are bounded. We point out the importance of the assumptions re- garding the complementarity of the stable subspaces at the initial time and we also discuss the relevance of the concept of solvability (unique or not) in the admissibility criteria for polynomial dichotomies on the half-line. All the results are obtained in the general case, without any additional hypotheses on the systems coefficients and without assuming any growth type properties for the associated propagators. Furthermore, as an applica- tion of the admissibility results we establish a robustness property of the polynomial dichotomy under small perturbations"
Connected mathings in special families of graphs

Connected Matchings in Special Families of Graphs Christopher . J. Caragianis November 15, 2012 A connected matching in a graph is a set of disjoint edges such that, for any pair of these edges, there is another edge of the graph incident to both of them. This dissertation investigates two problems related to finding large connected matchings in graphs. The first problem is motivated by a famous and still open conjecture made by Hadwiger stating that every k-chromatic graph contains a minor of the complete graph K k . If true, Hadwiger's conjecture would imply that every graph G has a minor of the complete graph Kn/a(C), where a(G) denotes the independence number of G. For a graph G with a(G) = 2, Thomasse first noted the connection between connected matchings and large complete graph minors: there exists an E > 0 such that every graph G with a( G) = 2 contains K l+f as a minor if and only if there exists 3 a positive constant c such that every graph G \vith c\'( G) = 2 contains a connected matching of size cn. In Chapter 3 we prove several structural properties of a vertexminimal counterexample to these statements, extending work by Blasiak. We also prove the existence of large connected matchings 1Il graphs with clique size close to
Relaxing neutrino mass bounds by a running cosmological constant

We establish an indirect link between relic neutrinos and the dark energy sector which originates from the vacuum energy contributions of the neutrino quantum fields. Via renormalization group effects they induce a running of the cosmological constant with time which dynamically influences the evolution of the cosmic neutrino background. We demonstrate that the resulting reduction of the relic neutrino abundance allows us to largely evade current cosmological neutrino mass bounds and discuss how the scenario might be probed with the help of future large scale structure surveys and Planck data.
Chemodynamic subpopulations of the Carina dwarf galaxy

We study the chemodynamical properties of the Carina dwarf spheroidal by combining an intermediate spectroscopic resolution dataset of more than 900 red giant and red clump stars, with high-precision photometry to derive the atmospheric parameters, metallicities and age estimates for our targets. Within the red giant branch population, we find evidence for the presence of three distinct stellar sub-populations with different metallicities, spatial distributions, kinematics and ages. As in the Fornax and Sculptor dwarf spheroidals, the subpopulation with the lowest average metallicity is more extended and kinematically hotter than all other populations. However, we identify an inversion in the parallel ordering of metallicity, kinematics and characteristic length scale in the two most metal rich subpopulations, which therefore do not contribute to a global negative chemical gradient. Contrary to common trends in the chemical properties with radius, the metal richest population is more extended and mildly kinematically hotter than the main component of intermediate metallicity. More investigations are required to ascertain the nature of this inversion, but we comment on the mechanisms that might have caused it.
Primary hepatic neuroblastoma in a 19-month-old child: A case report

Introduction. Neuroblastoma in solid organs other than the sympathetic nervous system is extremely rare. The most common site of neuroblastoma is the adrenal medulla. Liver neuroblastomas are usually metastatic lesions, particularly from stage 4S adrenal neuroblastoma. Patient review. We report the first case of primary hepatic high-risk neuroblastoma diagnosed in a child older than 12 months. The patient received multimodal oncology treatment, including chemotherapy, surgery, bone marrow transplantation, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, as well as deep regional hyperthermia. Despite the timely diagnosis, the tumor was refractory to intensive treatment, and the patient died 2.5 years after the diagnosis. Conclusion. The differential diagnosis of primary malignant liver tumors in pediatric patients should include neuro-blastoma, especially in tumors with atypical clinical presentation. The reports of similar cases in the future may contribute to better tumor biology understanding and facilitate clinical management.
Selenium-Stimulated Exosomes Enhance Wound Healing by Modulating Inflammation and Angiogenesis

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have emerged as an attractive cell-free tool in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The current study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and wound-repair effects of both exosomes and selenium-stimulated exosomes, and check whether the latter had superior wound healing capacity over others. The cellular and molecular network of exosomes, as a paracrine signal, was extensively studied by performing miRNA arrays to explore the key mediators of exosomes in wound healing. Selenium is known to play a critical role in enhancing the proliferation, multi-potency, and anti-inflammatory effects of MSCs. Selenium-stimulated exosomes showed significant effects in inhibiting inflammation and improving pro-angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Cell growth and the migration of human dermal fibroblasts and wound regeneration were more enhanced in the selenium-stimulated exosome group than in the selenium and exosome groups, thereby further promoting the wound healing in vivo. Taken together, selenium was found to augment the therapeutic effects of adipose MSC-derived exosomes in tissue regeneration. We concluded that selenium may be considered a vital agent for wound healing in stem cell-based cell-free therapies.
IMPLICATIONS OF MASS AND ENERGY LOSS DUE TO CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS ON MAGNETICALLY ACTIVE STARS

Analysis of a database of solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and associated flares over the period 1996–2007 finds well-behaved power-law relationships between the 1–8 Å flare X-ray fluence and CME mass and kinetic energy. We extrapolate these relationships to lower and higher flare energies to estimate the mass and energy loss due to CMEs from stellar coronae, assuming that the observed X-ray emission of the latter is dominated by flares with a frequency as a function of energy dn/dE = kE−α. For solar-like stars at saturated levels of X-ray activity, the implied losses depend fairly weakly on the assumed value of α and are very large: yr−1 and . In order to avoid such large energy requirements, either the relationships between CME mass and speed and flare energy must flatten for X-ray fluence ≳ 1031 erg, or the flare–CME association must drop significantly below 1 for more energetic events. If active coronae are dominated by flares, then the total coronal energy budget is likely to be up to an order of magnitude larger than the canonical 10−3 Lbol X-ray saturation threshold. This raises the question of what is the maximum energy a magnetic dynamo can extract from a star? For an energy budget of 1% of Lbol, the CME mass loss rate is about 5 × 10−11 M☉ yr−1.
What US Households Consider When They Select Mutual Funds, 2021

» Mutual fund investors review a fund’s investment objective, as well as the risk level of the fund’s investments, when making their fund purchase decision. In 2021, nearly nine in 10 mutual fund–owning households considered a fund’s investment objective, as well as the risk level of a fund’s investments, when selecting mutual fund investments. About four in 10 mutual fund–owning households indicated that each of these measures was “very important” in their fund selection decision.