Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linking the Amyloid, Tau, and Mitochondrial Hypotheses of Alzheimer’s Disease and Identifying Promising Drug Targets

Damage or loss of brain cells and impaired neurochemistry, neurogenesis, and synaptic and nonsynaptic plasticity of the brain lead to dementia in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Injury to synapses and neurons and accumulation of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles are considered the main morphological and neuropathological features of AD. Age, genetic and epigenetic factors, environmental stressors, and lifestyle contribute to the risk of AD onset and progression. These risk factors are associated with structural and functional changes in the brain, leading to cognitive decline. Biomarkers of AD reflect or cause specific changes in brain function, especially changes in pathways associated with neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, bioenergetics, apoptosis, and oxidative and nitrosative stress. Even in the initial stages, AD is associated with Aβ neurotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and tau neurotoxicity. The integrative amyloid-tau-mitochondrial hypothesis assumes that the primary cause of AD is the neurotoxicity of Aβ oligomers and tau oligomers, mitochondrial dysfunction, and their mutual synergy. For the development of new efficient AD drugs, targeting the elimination of neurotoxicity, mutual potentiation of effects, and unwanted protein interactions of risk factors and biomarkers (mainly Aβ oligomers, tau oligomers, and mitochondrial dysfunction) in the early stage of the disease seems promising.
Eigenvalues of Robin Laplacians in infinite sectors

For α∈(0,π) , let Uα denote the infinite planar sector of opening 2α, Uα={(x1,x2)∈R2:|arg(x1+ix2)|0 . The essential spectrum of Tαγ does not depend on the angle α and equals [−γ2,+∞) , and the discrete spectrum is non‐empty if and only if α0 , and the nth eigenvalue En(Tαγ) of Tαγ behaves as En(Tαγ)=−γ2(2n−1)2α2+O(1)and admits a full asymptotic expansion in powers of α2. The eigenfunctions are exponentially localized near the origin. The results are also applied to δ‐interactions on star graphs.
Indefinite Admittance Matrix Based Modelling of PSIJ in Nano-Scale CMOS I/O Drivers

The past decade has witnessed a tremendous reduction in the feature size from the deep-submicron to the advanced nano-scale CMOS devices. In nanoscale devices based high-speed systems, the budgeting of jitter due to supply fluctuations is one of the major performance bottlenecks while designing integrated circuits (ICs). In this paper, an accurate and efficient method to analyse power supply induced jitter (PSIJ) in CMOS N-stage inverters is developed using the estimation-by-inspection method. Based on the Indefinite Admittance Matrix, a reduced two-port network is developed for a multiple-input circuit, considering the presence of the supply/bulk/ground sources. The closed-form expressions of the PSIJ have been evaluated for a single and N-stages CMOS inverter chain. The expression is also valid for the PSIJ analysis at any intermediate stage of the N-stage chain. For validation purpose, the circuits are designed in a standard 28 nm CMOS technology with V$_\text{DD}$ of 1 V. The analytical results are compared with the simulation and the experiments. The maximum mean percentage error for EDA simulation and experimentally measured results are 2.4% and 13%, respectively. The proposed analysis is compared with some of the existing PSIJ modelling techniques and shows a significant improvement in speed-up factor and error percentage.
Ocular Cyclopentolate: A Mini Review Concerning Its Benefits and Risks

Abstract Cycloplegic and mydriatic agents are essential in ophthalmological clinical practice since they provide the means for diagnosing and treating certain eye conditions. In addition, cyclopentolate has proven to possess certain benefits compared to other available cycloplegics and mydriatics. Still, the incidence of some adverse drug reactions related to this drug, especially in susceptible patients, has created interest in reviewing the literature about the benefits and risks of using cyclopentolate. A literature search was conducted in Medline/PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on identifying cyclopentolate’s benefits and risks; the most important benefit was its usefulness for evaluating refractive errors, especially for hyperopic children, pseudomyopia, anterior uveitis, treatment of childhood myopia, idiopathic vision loss, and during examinations before refractive surgery, with particular advantages compared to other cycloplegics. While the risks were divided into local adverse drug reactions such as burning sensation, photophobia, hyperemia, punctate keratitis, synechiae, and blurred vision, which are relatively frequent but mild and temporary; and systemic adverse drug reactions such as language problems, visual or tactile hallucinations and ataxia, but unlike ocular, systemic adverse drug reactions are rare and occur mainly in patients with risk factors. In addition, six cases of abuse were found. The treatment with cyclopentolate is effective and safe in most cases; nevertheless, special care must be taken due to the potential severe ADRs that may occur, especially in susceptible patients like children, geriatrics, patients with neurological disorders or Down’s syndrome, patients with a low blood level of pseudocholinesterase, users of substances with CNS effects, and patients with a history of drug addiction. The recommendations are avoiding the use of 2% cyclopentolate and instead employing solutions with lower concentrations, preferably with another mydriatic such as phenylephrine. Likewise, the occlusion of the nasolacrimal duct after instillation limits the drug’s absorption, reducing the risk of systemic adverse events.
Row-strict Quasisymmetric Schur Functions, Characterizations of Demazure Atoms, and Permuted Basement Nonsymmetric Macdonald Polynomials

We give a Littlewood-Richardson type rule for expanding the product of a row-strict quasisymmetric Schur function and a symmetric Schur function in terms of row-strict quasisymmetric Schur functions. We then discuss a family of polynomials called Demazure atoms. We review the known characterizations of these polynomials and then present two new characterizations. Finally, we consider a family of polynomials called permuted basement nonsymmetric Macdonald polynomials which are obtained by permuting the basement of the combinatorial formula of Haglund, Haiman, and Loehr for nonsymmetric Macdonald polynomials. We show that these permuted basement nonsymmetric Macdonald polynomials are the simultaneous eigenfunctions of a family of commuting operators in the double affine Hecke algebra.
Upper bounds for the minimal number of singular fibers in a Lefschetz fibration over the torus

In this paper, we give some relations in the mapping class groups of oriented closed surfaces in the form that a product of a small number of right hand Dehn twists is equal to a single commutator. Consequently, we find upper bounds for the minimal number of singular fibers in a Lefschetz fibration over the torus.
L-Infinity Optimization to Bergman Fans of Matroids with an Application to Phylogenetics

Given a dissimilarity map $\delta$ on finite set $X$, the set of ultrametrics (equidistant tree metrics) which are $l^\infty$-nearest to $\delta$ is a tropical polytope. We give an internal description of this tropical polytope which we use to derive a polynomial-time checkable test for the condition that all ultrametrics $l^\infty$-nearest to $\delta$ have the same tree structure. It was shown by Ardila and Klivans \cite{ardila-klivans2006} that the set of all ultrametrics on a finite set of size $n$ is the Bergman fan associated to the matroid underlying the complete graph on $n$ vertices. Therefore, we derive our results in the more general context of Bergman fans of matroids. This added generality allows our results to be used on dissimilarity maps where only a subset of the entries are known.
Maiden Application of a Modified HBA-Optimized Cascaded (2DOF + FOPIDN)-PD Controller for Load Frequency Control of Diverse Source Power System

Electricity has become one of the most essential components of establishing a quality standard of living in any country. Consequently, considerable work has been focused on designing a sophisticated load frequency control (LFC) system. However, in light of limited resources and real-world challenges, computationally based control algorithms that are more effective and less expensive remain critically needed. Thus, this paper employs a modified honey badger algorithm (HBA) in conjunction with the concepts of Lévy flight and inertia weight to optimize the parameters of a new cascaded two-degree-of-freedom fractional-PID structure coupled with a proportional derivative (2DOF + FOPIDN)-PD controller to solve LFC problems in an interconnected power system (IPS) comprising conventional and renewable energy sources (RES). The proposed control technique is applied to a two-area IPS under diverse load conditions and in the presence of nonlinear elements and electronic devices. The proposed method is evaluated with respect to a range of performance metrics, such as settling time, undershoots, and error criteria values. The collective performance of the established control scheme indicated that the suggested control approach provides excellent reliability under various load condition scenarios, sensitivity tests, and perturbations, proving the system’s efficacy and dependability.
Detection of Cardiac Arrhythmias in Electroc Ardiograms Using Deep Learning

Medical diagnostic support systems based on automatic learning algorithms, called machine learning, represent a form of artificial intelligence (AI) that improves the performance, quality, and speed of health care. Improvements in embedded machine learning applications have led to the design of many medical monitoring devices. The latter are equipped with biological signal sensors to measure the activity of the target organ of a subject. The essential objective of these devices is to record, save and analyze the acquired signals to establish an appropriate diagnosis and/or identify the signs of pathological symptoms. The work of this paper falls within this context and has the main objective of implementing new strategies for the analysis and diagnosis of Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, focused on the detection of episodes of cardiac arrhythmia.
Research on Power Decoupling and Parameter Mismatch of Three-Port Isolated Resonant DC–DC Converter Applied Switch-Controlled Capacitor

In order to realize the controllable power decoupling and eliminate the influence of the parameter error of the resonant elements, a three-port dc–dc converter applied switch-controlled capacitor (SCC) is proposed. The operating principle and transmission power expression of the proposed three-port converter under triple-phase-shift control are analyzed. By adjusting the phase-shift angle of the SCC to adjust the resonant frequency of the resonant tanks, the topology-level power decoupling of the circuit at a constant frequency can be achieved. The addition of switch-controlled capacitors provides more freedom for power regulation between ports. Besides, according to the proposed converter, a design method for the parameters of the resonant tank is proposed to eliminate the adverse effects caused by the parameter error of the resonant elements. Then, an optimized triple-phase-shift modulation strategy is adopted to achieve the minimum rms value of the resonant converter. An experimental prototype was designed to verify the correctness of the proposed converter and modulation strategy.
External boundary control of the motion of a rigid body immersed in a perfect two-dimensional fluid

We consider the motion of a rigid body due to the pressure of a surrounded two-dimensional irrotational perfect incompressible fluid, the whole system being confined in a bounded domain with an impermeable condition on a part of the external boundary. Thanks to an impulsive control strategy we prove that there exists an appropriate boundary condition on the remaining part of the external boundary (allowing some fluid going in and out the domain) such that the immersed rigid body is driven from some given initial position and velocity to some final position and velocity in a given positive time, without touching the external boundary. The controlled part of the external boundary is assumed to have a nonvoid interior and the final position is assumed to be in the same connected component of the set of possible positions as the initial position.
An Unsupervised Multi-grade Domain-Adversarial Regression Adaptation Network for Online Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Rolling Bearing Across Machines

Recently, deep transfer learning technology has been introduced to solve remaining useful life (RUL) of rolling bearing across working conditions. These methods enhance the RUL prediction performance by utilizing the historically-accumulated degradation data from offline working conditions. However, for the problem of online RUL prediction across different machines, due to the changeable operating machines, it is hard to effectively solve the data with a large distribution difference by adopting domain adaptation methods across working conditions. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an unsupervised multi-grade domain-adversarial regression adaptation network for online remaining useful life prediction of rolling bearing across machines. First, by employing offline whole-life degradation data of different machines, a deep domain-adversarial multi-regression network is constructed as advanced adversarial model. Second, by updating the advanced adversarial model from pseudo-target bearing selected for each machine, the supervised information of the pseudo-target bearing is dynamically generated, and then intermediate model is constructed. Finally, the RUL of online target bearing under an unknown machine can be evaluated through feeding into the intermediate model. Experiments results on the IEEE PHM Challenge 2012 and XJTU-SY bearing datasets demonstrate that the proposed method obtains accurate prediction performance across different machines and provides a practical solution for online RUL prediction under an unknown machine.
Irreducible components of affine Deligne–Lusztig varieties

By extending the method of semi-modules developed by de Jong,Oort, Viehmann and Hamacher, we introduce a stratification for the affine Deligne-Lusztig variety (in the affine Grassmannian) attached to a basic element. As an application, we verify a conjecture, due to M. Chen and X. Zhu, on the irreducible components of the affine Deligne-Lusztig variety attached to a sum of dominant minuscule coweights.
A Modified Spectroscopic Approach for the Real-Time Detection of Pollen and Fungal Spores at a Semi-Urban Site Using the WIBS-4+, Part I

The real-time monitoring of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) such as pollen and fungal spores has received much attention in recent years as a result of their health and climatic effects. In this study, the Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor (WIBS) 4+ model was evaluated for its ability to sample and detect ambient fungal spore and pollen concentrations, compared to the traditional Hirst volumetric method. Although the determination of total pollen and fungal spore ambient concentrations are of interest, the selective detection of individual pollen/fungal spore types are often of greater allergenic/agricultural concern. To aid in this endeavour, modifications were made to the WIBS-4 instrument to target chlorophyll fluorescence. Two additional fluorescence channels (FL4 and FL5 channels) were combined with the standard WIBS channels (FL1, FL2, FL3). The purpose of this modification is to help discriminate between grass and herb pollen from other pollen. The WIBS-4+ was able to successfully detect and differentiate between different bioaerosol classes. The addition of the FL4 and FL5 channels also allowed for the improved differentiation between tree (R2 = 0.8), herbaceous (R2 = 0.6) and grass (R2 = 0.4) pollen and fungal spores (R2 = 0.8). Both grass and herbaceous pollen types showed a high correlation with D type particles, showing strong fluorescence in the FL4 channel. The additional fluorescent data that were introduced also improved clustering attempts, making k-means clustering a comparable solution for this high-resolution data.
Nim on hypercubes

The ordinary game of Nim has a long history and is well-known in the area of combinatorial game theory. The solution to the ordinary game of Nim has been known for many years and lends itself to numerous other solutions to combinatorial games. Nim was extended to graphs by taking a fixed graph with a playing piece on a given vertex and assigning positive integer weight to the edges that correspond to a pile of stones in the ordinary game of Nim. Players move alternately from the playing piece across incident edges, removing weight from edges as they move. This paper solves Nim on hypercubes in the unit weight case completely. We briefly discuss the arbitrary weight case and its ties to known results.
On multiplicity of spectrum for Anderson type operators with higher rank perturbations

Here, we focus on Anderson type operators over infinite graphs where the randomness acts through higher rank perturbations. We show that for special family of graphs, the operator has non-trivial multiplicity for its pure point spectrum. We, also, show that for some family of graphs, any unitary which fixes the random operator, arising from an automorphism of the graph is identity; but that, for these graphs the spectrum of the random operator has non-trivial multiplicity.
New stationary solutions of the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equations for Bose-Einstein condensates

We have previously formulated a simple criterion for deducing the intervals of oscillations in the solutions of second-order linear homogeneous differential equations. In this work, we extend analytically the same criterion to the cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equations that describe Bose-Einstein condensates. With this criterion guiding the search for solutions, we classify all types of solutions and we find new stationary solutions in the free-particle cases that were not noticed previously because of limited coverage in the adopted boundary conditions. The new solutions are produced by the nonlinear terms of the differential equations and they continue to exist when various external potentials are also incorporated. Surprisingly, these solutions appear when the nonlinearities are small.
An Integrated Formal Description Method for Network Attacks

As the complexity and concealment of network attacks are increasing day by day, construction of a comprehensive and effective defense system calls for modeling and formal description of the scenes, techniques and processes of network attacks. Integrating MITRE ATT&CK and MAL (Meta Attack Language) can be a good orientation for current research on network attack description method. This paper proposes a formal description method for network attacks, in which the assets in an information system and the attackers' techniques summarized in the ATT&CK Matrix serve as the vocabulary and an extended MAL serves as the syntax. First, this method differentiates various instances of the same asset category and involves formal description of the attack scene, including the hosts, network environment and their configurations. Second, this method uses a more reasonable classification system for the assets of an information system and a more simplified set of MAL symbols. As is verified by our experiment, this method can generate a comprehensive and clear formal description for the attack scene, attack techniques and attack process of a network attack on a real-world information system, which brings the description level of this kind of integrated method from attacker strategies to network nodes, and can be a guide to defense construction for a real-world information system.
Intelligent Fault Classification of Motor Bearing by using Support Vector Machine

In rotating machinery systems, the bearing is the most common and easily damaged part of the mechanical system. Correct and quick bearing fault detection is important for machinery systems. Traditionally, we first extract the features from raw process data, then diagnose the faults and further apply classification methods. However, these traditional methods lack the dynamic information from raw processed data and also abide the expertise of feature extraction. The classification of rolling bearing failures is proposed in this research using a new model based on the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. Raw process data can be directly classified by the fault diagnosis method without performing the feature extraction. The model can learn dynamic information from raw process data in an adaptable manner. The ability of the proposed model to correctly classify bearing conditions at any running speed as Normal and different types of fault using raw vibration has been tested and results are compared with existing techniques. The SVM method produces better outcomes than the previous research. Keywords-Support Vector Machine, Intelligent Fault Classification, Roller Bearings Vibration
Spherical Spaces

— The notion of a spherical space over an arbitrary base scheme is introduced as a generalization of a spherical variety over an algebraically closed field. It is studied how the sphericity condition behaves in families. In particular it is shown that sphericity of subgroup schemes is an open and closed condition over arbitrary base schemes generalizing a result by Knop and Röhrle. Moreover spherical embeddings are classified over arbitrary fields generalizing and simplifying results by Huruguen. Résumé. — Dans cet article on introduit la notion d’espace sphérique sur un schéma arbitraire, généralisant la notion de variété sphérique sur un corps algébriquement clos. Nous étudions le comportement de la sphéricité pour les familles. En particulier, nous démontrons que la condition d’être sphérique pour les sousgroupes est aussi bien ouverte que fermée, en généralisant un résultat de Knop et Röhrle. De plus nous classifions les plongements sphériques sur un corps arbitraire, généralisant et simplifiant des résultats de Huruguen.
DIVIDED POWER ALGEBRAS OVER AN OPERAD

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to give a characterisation of divided power algebras over a reduced operad. Such a characterisation is given in terms of polynomial operations, following the classical example of divided power algebras. We describe these polynomial operations in two different ways: one way uses invariant elements under the action of the symmetric group and the other coinvariant elements. Our results are then applied to the case of level algebras, which are (non-associative) commutative algebras satisfying the exchange law.
Asymptotic laws for a class of quasi-periodic Schr\"odinger cocycles at the lowest energy of the spectrum

Let $(\omega, A_E)$ be a quasi-periodic Schr\"odinger cocycle, where $\omega$ is a Diophantine irrational. The potential is assumed to be $C^2$ with a unique non-degenerate minimum, and the coupling constant is assumed to be large. We show that, as the energy approaches the lowest energy of the spectrum from below, the distance between the Oseledets-directions, in projective coordinates, is asymptotically linear. Moreover, we show that the $C^2$-norm of the Oseledets-directions, in projective coordinates, grows asymptotically (almost) like the inverse of the square root of the distance. Both of these results confirm numerical observations.