Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SOLAR-SYSTEM DYNAMICS AND TESTS OF GENERAL RELATIVITY WITH PLANETARY LASER RANGING

The solar system is the classical laboratory for testing the laws of gravity. Many of the most important tests of general relativity have been made using solar-system bodies. These include tests based on the advance of the perihelion of Mercury, the deflection of starlight passing near the Sun, the Shapiro time delay to the Viking landers, the frequency shift of signals to the Cassini spacecraft, and the (lack of) violation of the equivalence principle manifest by the motion of the Moon (Nordtvedt effect). Planetary Laser Ranging (PLR) promises to open up a new era of tests by yielding a major advance in the measurement of the distance between Earth and a planet. We present the results of a series of covariance studies that include the massive SAO set of solar-system data augmented by PLR pseudo-data under a variety of assumptions. In particular, we consider PLR to Mars and its contribution to a time-delay test, to the measurement of the relativistic advance of planetary perihelia, and to the bound on the time-variation of the strength of the gravitational interaction (G), as measured in a system of units defined by atomic processes (e.g., using atomic time). We find a time-delay test approaching a part in 10 in a multi-year experiment.
Classification of Υ ( 5 S ) Decays with Self-Organizing Neural Networks

The applicability of self-organizing neural networks in order to distinguish between the dominating decay modes of the Υ(5S) resonance has been examined. Variables that are characteristic for each decay mode have been identified and are used as input parameters for the network. The network has been trained with data collected by the BELLE detector at the KEKB energy-asymmetric e+e− collider. The initial conditions of the neural network were fixed using a statistical method. Regions which correspond to different Υ(5S) decay modes have been defined on the final map after training. The optimal rates concerning the largest product of detection efficiency Peff. and correct identification efficiency Pcor. have been calculated.
The Economic Microgeography of Diversity and Specialization

As cities increasingly become centers of economic growth and innovation, there is a need to understand their inner workings and organization in greater detail. We use ge-coded firm-level panel data at the sub-city level to assess the long-standing question whether agglomeration economies derive from specialization (within-industry) or diversity (between-industry). We show that these two types of externalities co-exist, but differ in their spatial distribution and attenuation within cities. There are robust positive effects of diversity and specialization on firms’ TFP growth at the local within-city neighborhood level, especially for firms in high-tech and knowledge-intensive activities. While specialization effects are bound to the local sub-city level, we demonstrate a positive effect of overall diversity also at the city-wide level. The results resonate with the idea that urban economies provide a mix of industrial diversity and specialisation. A location in a within-city industry cluster in a diversified, large city appears to let firms enjoy the benefits of local industry-specific externalities, while reaping the general city-wide benefits of a diversified city.
The BAG 3-dependent and-independent roles of cardiac small heat shock proteins

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) comprise an important protein family that is ubiquitously expressed, is highly conserved among species, and has emerged as a critical regulator of protein folding. While these proteins are functionally important for a variety of tissues, an emerging field of cardiovascular research reveals sHSPs are also extremely important for maintaining normal cardiac function and regulating the cardiac stress response. Notably, numerous mutations in genes encoding sHSPs have been associated with multiple cardiac diseases. sHSPs (HSPB5, HSPB6, and HSPB8) have been described as mediating chaperone functions within the heart by interacting with the cochaperone protein BCL-2– associated anthanogene 3 (BAG3); however, recent reports indicate that sHSPs (HSPB7) can perform other BAG3-independent functions. Here, we summarize the cardiac functions of sHSPs and present the notion that cardiac sHSPs function via BAG3-dependent or independent pathways. Review
Clearing the Smoke on Cannabis: Regular Use and Cognitive Functioning

• Regular use refers to weekly or more frequent cannabis use over a period of months to years. Regular cannabis use is associated with mild cognitive difficulties, which are typically not apparent following about one month of abstinence. Heavy (daily) and long-term cannabis use is related to more noticeable cognitive impairment. • Cannabis use beginning prior to the age of 16 or 17 is one of the strongest predictors of cognitive impairment. However, it is unclear which comes first — whether cognitive impairment leads to early onset cannabis use or whether beginning cannabis use early in life causes a progressive decline in cognitive abilities. • Regular cannabis use is associated with altered brain structure and function. Once again, it is currently unclear whether regular cannabis exposure directly leads to brain changes or whether differences in brain structure precede the onset of regular cannabis use. • Individuals with reduced executive function and maladaptive (risky and impulsive) decision making are more likely to develop problematic cannabis use and cannabis use disorder. • Regular cannabis use is related to alterations in the brain’s natural reward pathways. Among individuals with pre-existing vulnerabilities (e.g., genetic, early life experiences), these alterations might be associated with disrupted motivational processes and increase the risk for cannabis dependence. • To better understand the effects of regular cannabis use on cognitive functioning, standardized measurement of cannabis use is greatly needed. It is also important to consider individual characteristics, including polysubstance use, sex and gender differences, and genetic background. • It is important to inform individuals about the health effects associated with regular and heavy cannabis use. Indeed, public awareness and education is needed now more than ever given the recent shift in Canada in the legal status of cannabis for non-medical purposes. Clearing the Smoke on Cannabis Regular Use and Cognitive Functioning
demonstrated low expression of a-MSH in the lesional skin of vitiligo patients

Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentry disorder of the skin and mucous membranes which manifests as white macules and patches due to selective loss of melanocytes. Etiological hypotheses of vitiligo include genetic, immunological, neurohormonal, cytotoxic, biochemical, oxidative stress and newer theories of melanocytorrhagy and decreased melanocytes survival. There are several types of vitiligo which are usually diagnosed clinically and by using a Wood's lamp; also vitiligo may be associated with autoimmune diseases, audiological and ophthalmological findings or it can be a part of polyendocrinopathy syndromes. Several interventions are available for the treatment for vitiligo to stop disease progression and/or to attain repigmentation or even depigmentation. In this article, we will present an overall view of current standing of vitiligo research work especially in the etiological factors most notably the genetic components, also, types and associations and various and newer treatment modalities.
Morphology and Functionof the Cruciate Ligaments

The cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) attaches to the axial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle, very close to the articular margin (Figure 1.1). It extends diagonally across the joint space and attaches to the cranial intercondyloid area of the tibial plateau (Singleton 1957; Zahm 1965; Arnoczky & Marshall 1977). The proximal attachment site is bordered cranially by the cranial meniscotibial ligament of the medial meniscus and caudally by the cranial meniscotibial ligament of the lateral meniscus (Rudy 1974; Heffron & Campbell 1978) (Figure 1.2). The CrCL is narrowest in its mid-region and fans out proximally and distally (Alm et al. 1975; Heffron & Campbell 1978). The length of the CrCL is positively correlated with body weight; taking the average length of its cranial and caudal borders, the mean length has been reported as 13.5–18.7 mm (Vasseur et al. 1985; Wingfield et al. 2000; Comerford et al. 2005). The CrCL runs cranially, medially, and distally in an outward spiral as it passes from the femur to the tibia (Zahm 1965; Haut & Little 1969). Two demonstrably separate bundles are apparent (Figure 1.1) (Arnoczky & Marshall 1977; Heffron & Campbell 1978); these components are termed craniomedial and caudolateral, based on their relative attachment sites onto the tibial plateau. The craniomedial subdivision is the most spiral and the longest, yet smaller, component, and arises more proximally from the femur and attaches more cranially on the tibial footprint area, compared with the caudolateral subdivision. The fibers of the caudolateral component arise from the most lateral and distal part of the attachment area of the lateral femoral condyle, have a straighter path, and
on CMS information server CMS NOTE-2017 / 002 The Compact Muon Solenoid Experiment

A new pixel detector for the CMS experiment is being built, owing to the instantaneous luminosities anticipated for the Phase I Upgrade of the LHC. The new CMS pixel detector provides four-hit tracking while featuring a reduced material budget as well as new cooling and powering schemes. A new front-end readout chip mitigates buffering and bandwidth limitations, and comprises a low-threshold comparator. These upgrades allow the new pixel detector to sustain and improve the efficiency of the current pixel tracker at the increased requirements imposed by high luminosities and pile-up. In this paper, comprehensive test beam studies are presented which have been conducted to verify the design and to quantify the performance of the new detector assemblies in terms of tracking efficiency and spatial resolution. Under optimal conditions, the tracking efficiency has been determined to be (99.95± 0.05) %, while the intrinsic spatial resolution has been measured to be (4.80± 0.25) μm and (7.99 ± 0.21) μm along the 100μm and 150μm pixel pitch, respectively. The findings are compared to detailed Monte Carlo simulations of the pixel detector and a good agreement is found.
Identification and Characterization of Novel Compounds Blocking Shiga Toxin Expression in Escherichia coli O 157 : H 7

Publisher Rights Statement: Copyright © 2016 Huerta-Uribe, Marjenberg, Yamaguchi, Fitzgerald, Connolly, Carpena, Uvell, Douce, Elofsson, Byron, Marquez, Gally and Roe. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
ALMOST COMPLEX STRUCTURES AND OBSTRUCTION THEORY

These are notes for a lecture I gave in John Morgan’s Homotopy Theory course at Stony Brook in Fall 2018. Let X be a CW complex and Y a simply connected space. Last time we discussed the obstruction to extending a map f : X → Y to a map X → Y ; recall that X denotes the k-skeleton of X. There is an obstruction o(f) ∈ C(X;πn(Y )) which vanishes if and only if f can be extended to X. Moreover, o(f) is a cocycle and [o(f)] ∈ H(X;πn(Y )) vanishes if and only if f |X(n−1) can be extended to X; that is, f may need to be redefined on the n-cells. Obstructions to lifting a map Given a fibration F → E p −→ B and a map f : X → B, when can f be lifted to a map g : X → E? If X = B and f = idB , then we are asking when p has a section. For convenience, we will only consider the case where F and B are simply connected, from which it follows that E is simply connected. For a more general statement, see Theorem 7.37 of [2]. Suppose g has been defined on X. Let e be an n-cell and α : S → X its attaching map, then p ◦ g ◦ α : S → B is equal to f ◦ α and is nullhomotopic (as f extends over the (n+ 1)-cell). From the long exact sequence of a fibration (here we use simply connected so [S, F ] = πn(F ) etc.), we see that there is a map β : S → F such that g ◦α is homotopic to i ◦ β where i : F → E is the inclusion. So we obtain o(g) ∈ C(X;πn(F )) which vanishes if and only if g extends to X. As before, o(g) is a cocycle and [o(g)] ∈ H(X;πn(F )) vanishes if and only if g|X(n−1) extends to X. Lots of interesting problems can be analysed using obstructions to lifting a map. For example: • When does a vector bundle have a nowhere-zero section? • When is a smooth manifold orientable? • When is a smooth manifold spin? • When does a smooth manifold admit an almost complex structure? • When does a topological manifold admit a PL structure or smooth structure? We’re going to focus on the fourth one. Almost Complex Structures A linear complex structure on a real vector space V is an endomorphism J : V → V such that J ◦J = − idV . If V is endowed with a linear complex structure J , then we can view V as a complex vector space by defining (a + bi) · v = av + bJ(v). In particular, if V is finite-dimensional, then dimR V = 2 dimC V is even. Moreover, if {e1, . , en} is a basis for V as a complex vector space, then {e1, J(e1), . , en, J(en)} is a basis for V as a real vector space and e1∧J(e1)∧· · ·∧en∧J(en) defines an orientation; this orientation is independent of the choice of basis {e1, . , en}. Let E → B be a real vector bundle. An almost complex structure on E is a bundle endomorphism J : E → E such that J ◦ J = − idE . It follows that in order for an almost complex structure to 1
http://ijere.iaescore.com Main individual factors influencing the learning approaches: The first-year students’

Info 2022 Currently, the quality of student learning i.e. in-depth learning is essential in any planned reform. The massification phenomenon is one of the challenges facing this quality. This study explored the student characteristics influencing the learning process in an open access faculty, namely, the Dhar El Mahraz Faculty of Science in Fez, Morocco. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on 15 freshmen who enrolled in Earth and Universe Sciences and Life Sciences (EUS/LIS) program and presented a dominance of a surface learning approach. The main factors encouraging surface learning emerged were the learning habits and strategies, language competencies, motivational aspects and gender. The findings serve as an input for the design and implementation of actions to enhance deep
CFD Modeling of Spray Formation in Diesel Engines

Growing concern regarding energy resources and the environment has increased interest in developing Diesel engines for better fuel economy and lower emissions. A three dimensional CFD simulation of a 4-stroke engine is developed for a Ruggerini RD 270 engine using internal combustion engine module in ANSYS-FLUENT. A cold flow simulation is performed first to visualize the air motion inside the cylinder and to detect the changes of air properties through the different strokes of the engine. This simulation is validated against a compression test performed on the engine at the “Green Energy Lab” at Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University. To test the spray formation model before applying it in the engine model, a simulation of Diesel spray in a constant volume chamber is performed and validated against the experimental data by Park et al. (2010). Integration of engine model and spray model is then performed. A comparison of variation of penetration length for different injection pressures and diameters is made.
Can the teaching factory model improve the entrepreneurial intentions of vocational high school students?

Entrepreneurial intentions play an essential role in creating new entrepreneurs. There are many methods of teaching entrepreneurship that aim to form entrepreneurial intentions, and one of them is considered suitable to be applied in vocational high schools, namely factory teaching. This study examined the effect of the teaching factory on entrepreneurial intentions through the theory of planned behavior dimension. There were 280 vocational high school students participated in the study. Data was collected via online questionnaires and analyzed with Amos software using the structural equation modeling method. The teaching factory has been shown to influence students’ entrepreneurial intentions both directly and indirectly via mediators of attitudes toward behavior and perceived behavioral control. This study also provided important implications for vocational practitioners to develop a teaching factory learning model as a school business unit based on the needs of the world of work. Good management of the teaching factory is expected to prepare prospective new entrepreneurs from vocational school graduates.
Effective learning model bases problem based learning and digital mind maps to improve student’s collaboration skills

Student’s collaboration skills are still low while this skill is important for students. The selection of an active learning model is an attempt to overcome this problem. This study aimed to investigate the effects of problem based learning (PBL) and integrated PBL digital mind maps (DMM) on university students’ collaboration skills. This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest-posttest control group design. The participants consisted of 103 students majoring in biology education from Riau, Indonesia. Each of the classes was randomly picked to act as the PBL group, integrated PBL-DMM group, and traditional group. The students’ collaboration skills were observed using an observation sheet which contained aspects of responsibility, respect, contribution, organize work and work as a whole team. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANACOVA) and least significance different (LSD) test. The ANACOVA results demonstrated some significant changes in both comparison groups: PBL and integrated PBL-DMM. In other word, learning models had an effect on students’ collaboration skills. However, the LSD test proved that both learning models were not significantly different in improving students’ collaboration skills, despite the fact that the students in the integrated PBL-DMM model class could perform better than those of PBL. Therefore, educators may either use PBL or integrated PBL-DMM in the classroom.
Gender-based analysis on self-efficacy beliefs of pre-service teachers and their readiness in taking licensure examination

The study aimed to determine whether preservice teachers’ self-efficacy belief differs according to gender and whether this belief relates to their readiness in taking the licensure examination for teachers (LET). Participants of the study were 545 preservice teachers who were undergoing in-service training both from the secondary and elementary programs that came from four campuses of the university. The researcher utilized a descriptive quantitative approach with weighted mean, t-test for the independent sample, and Pearson R correlation statistical treatments for the data. Results revealed that females are statistically higher in self-efficacy beliefs than their male counterparts. Further, the study disclosed that female preservice teachers are significantly more ready to take the examination than their male peers. In addition, the male students’ self-efficacy beliefs statistically have a positive significant relationship to their readiness to take examination. Meanwhile, a positive significant relationship exists also between self-efficacy beliefs and readiness in taking the test with their female counterparts.
INTERPLAY BETWEEN ∆ PARTICLES AND HYPERONS IN NEUTRON STARS

We analyze the effects of including ∆(1232) isobars in an equation of state (EoS) for cold, β-stable neutron star matter, employing Relativistic Nuclear Mean Field Theory. The selected EoS reproduces the properties of nuclear matter and finite nuclei, and also allows for the presence of hyperons in neutron stars having masses larger than 2M . We find that the composition and the structure of neutron stars are critically influenced by the addition of the ∆’s, an observation that allows us to constraint their interaction with the meson fields sigma and omega. Imposing that the EoS is stable and ensures the existence of 2M neutron stars, as well as requiring agreement with data of ∆ excitation in nuclei, we find that, in the absence of other mechanisms stiffening the EoS at high densities, the interaction of the ∆’s with the sigma and omega fields must be stronger than that of the nucleons.
http://ijere.iaescore.com Narration and multimodality: The role of the human body and material objects in science

Info 2022 This article seeks to shed light on the semiotic approach to science teaching and learning. Essentially, the mental representations of learners are also affected by the sign vehicles employed to communicate ideas in the material world. Thus, any learning object also appears as a material representation, consisting of acoustic and visual forms, which affect its content. The human body’s kinetic modalities, spatial configurations (i.e., graphs, images), material objects, prosody, as well as the written and spoken word constitute the perceptual data that encode the concepts. This particular paper deals with the possibility that the more emphatic signifiers, i.e., the human body and material objects, can create narrative spaces and produce meaning during science teaching. It also discusses alternative uses of material objects along with the multiple interpretations their visual images can evoke. As regards the human body, iconic, deictic, and ergotic gestures are analyzed as forms that produce meaning and are autonomous and dynamic when working with the other semiotic systems. Both material objects and the human body rely upon the ability of the learners’ imagination to transport them to narrative worlds located outside the
Characterisation and cardiac directed differentiation of canine adult stem cells

This study describes the isolation and characterisation of adult canine cardiac stem cells, and explores their ability to differentiate into cardiac myocytes. Direct comparisons are also made with available human data. Atrial cardiac explants were taken from dogs post-mortem and cultured to isolate adult stem cells. Cells were able to survive successive passages in serum-free media, were able to form cardiospheres, and under controlled culture conditions were capable of clonal expansion, demonstrating their ability for self-renewal. Characterisation of these cells demonstrated the following marker profile: c-kit, GATA 4 and flk-1 positive; cardiac troponin T and NKx2.5 low. Cardiac lineage directed differentiation was performed based on the published literature. Gene expression studies demonstrated that cardiac directed differentiation was partially achieved, with up-regulation of cardiac troponin T and NKx2.5, and down-regulation of c-kit and endothelial lineage markers. However the cells did not express the ryanodine receptor or b1-adrenergic receptors and did not contract spontaneously. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
: Retail banking-challenges ahead in distribution channels in urban / rural India

The promise of lower transaction costs, increased sales productivity, and more convenient service has lured banks into setting up new delivery channels. Earlier, vast brick and mortar branch network has been considered as an inherent advantage of established banks and new entrants were at huge disadvantage vis-à-vis the established players in terms of customer reach. However, post 1990s new players are effectively taking on the branch network advantage of the established players by optimally leveraging technology and cost-effective delivery channels.