Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Natriuretic Peptide-Based Novel Therapeutics: Long Journeys of Drug Developments Optimized for Disease States

Simple Summary Natriuretic peptides are endogenous hormones produced in the heart and vascular endothelium, and they enable cardiorenal protective actions or bone growth via cGMP stimulation through their receptor guanylyl cyclase receptor A or B. To optimize the drug for each disease state, we must consider drug metabolism, delivery systems, and target receptor(s). This review summarizes attempts to develop novel natriuretic peptide-based therapeutics, including novel designer natriuretic peptides and oral drugs to enhance endogenous natriuretic peptides. We introduce some therapeutics that have been successful in clinical practice, as well as the prospective drug developments in the natriuretic peptide system for disease states. Abstract The field of natriuretic peptides (NPs) as an endocrine hormone has been developing since 1979. There are three peptides in humans: atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), which bind to the guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A) receptor (also called natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A)), and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), which binds to the GC-B receptor (also called the NPR-B) and then synthesizes intracellular cGMP. GC-A receptor stimulation has natriuretic, vasodilatory, cardiorenal protective and anti-renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system actions, and GC-B receptor stimulation can suppress myocardial fibrosis and can activate bone growth before epiphyseal plate closure. These physiological effects are useful as therapeutics for some disease states, such as heart failure, hypertension, and dwarfism. To optimize the therapeutics for each disease state, we must consider drug metabolism, delivery systems, and target receptor(s). We review the cardiac NP system; new designer NPs, such as modified/combined NPs and modified peptides that can bind to not only NP receptors but receptors for other systems; and oral drugs that enhance endogenous NP activity. Finally, we discuss prospective drug discoveries and the development of novel NP therapeutics.
Analysis of churning losses distribution of hydraulic pump in engineering vehicles using MPS method

The power losses of the hydraulic pump in engineering vehicle include mechanical losses, churning losses, and volume losses. The proportion of churning losses to power losses increases markedly, with the continuous improvement of the rotating speed of the hydraulic pump. The churning losses of the hydraulic pump are calculated by moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method. It indicates that the inclination angle, speed, and oil content will significantly influence the churning losses. The churning torque and power losses of each rotating part increase with the pump speed. The churning losses of the cylinder block are the largest, followed by the retainer and slippers. The churning losses of pistons and shaft are small. With the decrease of oil volume, the churning losses decrease. With the decrease of the inclined angle of the swashplate, the total churning losses decreases. When the oil content is 70% of the full oil, the churning losses of the hydraulic pump is reduced by 57.4%. It provides guidance for the design of the hydraulic pump of high-power density for engineering vehicles and a new numerical calculation method for churning losses of the hydraulic pump.
Every central simple algebra is Hopf Schur

We show that every central simple algebra A over a field k is Brauer equivalent to a quotient of a finite dimensional Hopf algebra over the same field (that is- A is Hopf Schur). If the characteristic of the field is zero, or if the algebra has a Galois splitting field of degree prime to the characteristic of k, we can take this Hopf algebra to be semisimple. We also show that if F is any finite extension of k, then F is a quotient of a finite dimensional Hopf algebra over k. We use it in order to show why the algebric closeness assumption is necessary in a weak form of Kaplansky's tenth conjecture, due to Stefan
On principles between $\Sigma_1$- and $\Sigma_2$-induction, and monotone enumerations

We show that many principles of first-order arithmetic, previously only known to lie strictly between $\Sigma_1$-induction and $\Sigma_2$-induction, are equivalent to the well-foundedness of $\omega^\omega$. Among these principles are the iteration of partial functions ($P\Sigma_1$) of H\'ajek and Paris, the bounded monotone enumerations principle (non-iterated, BME$_1$) by Chong, Slaman, and Yang, the relativized Paris-Harrington principle for pairs, and the totality of the relativized Ackermann-P\'eter function. With this we show that the well-foundedness of $\omega^\omega$ is a far more widespread than usually suspected. Further, we investigate the $k$-iterated version of the bounded monotone iterations principle (BME$_k$), and show that it is equivalent to the well-foundedness of the $k+1$-height $\omega$-tower.
Ensemble Averaged Probability Density Function (APDF) for Compressible Turbulent Reacting Flows

In this paper, we present a concept of the averaged probability density function (APDF) for studying compressible turbulent reacting flows. The APDF is defined as an ensemble average of the fine grained probability density function (FG-PDF) with a mass density weighting. It can be used to exactly deduce the mass density weighted, ensemble averaged turbulent mean variables. The transport equation for APDF can be derived in two ways. One is the traditional way that starts from the transport equation of FG-PDF, in which the compressible Navier- Stokes equations are embedded. The resulting transport equation of APDF is then in a traditional form that contains conditional means of all terms from the right hand side of the Navier-Stokes equations except for the chemical reaction term. These conditional means are new unknown quantities that need to be modeled. Another way of deriving the transport equation of APDF is to start directly from the ensemble averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The resulting transport equation of APDF derived from this approach appears in a closed form without any need for additional modeling. The methodology of ensemble averaging presented in this paper can be extended to other averaging procedures: for example, the Reynolds time averaging for statistically steady flow and the Reynolds spatial averaging for statistically homogeneous flow. It can also be extended to a time or spatial filtering procedure to construct the filtered density function (FDF) for the large eddy simulation (LES) of compressible turbulent reacting flows.
“Phase Portraits” of Alfven Waves in Magnetospheric Plasma

Alfven waves have a very small‐scale radial (across magnetic shells) structure, in an inhomogeneous magnetospheric plasma. This structure is determined by the Alfven wave type. In spacecraft observations, it is difficult to separate local oscillations of the wavefield from oscillations due to the spacecraft crossing the small‐scale transverse structure of such a wave. We propose a new method (“phase portraits”) to determine the type of Alfven waves observed onboard. What we call a “phase portrait” of monochromatic Alfven wave are two related plots: (a) radial distribution of the transverse components of the electric or magnetic field of the wave; and (b) radial distribution of the phase shift between these components. In order to construct such a “phase portrait,” we propose using the transverse components of the wavefield as registered onboard a spacecraft crossing the region occupied by the wave. It is demonstrated that the phase shift between the oscillations of the transverse components of the electric/magnetic field in a monochromatic Alfven wave is uniquely related to its radial structure. The transverse structure of the spacecraft‐observed Alfven wave can be determined by plotting the radial dependence of the phase shift between the wavefield transverse components. Comparing this plot to the calculated theoretical “phase portraits” we can select the most appropriate (similar) portrait in order to determine the radial structure and type of the wave. In this paper, “phase portraits” are constructed for most types of ULF monochromatic Alfven waves observed in the Earth's magnetosphere.
Pure discrete spectrum dynamical system and periodic tiling associated with a substitution

On donne une condition combinatoire effective suffisante pour que le syteme dynamique associe a une substitution de type Pisot ait un spectre purement discret. Dans le cas unimodulaire, cette condition est necessaire des que la substitution n'a qu'un cobord trivial; elle est verifiee si et seulement si le fractal de Rauzy associe a la substitution engendre un pavage auto-similaire et periodique. On en deduit des conditions de connexite des fractals de Rauzy.
Time Course Analysis of Hemispheric Asymmetry in Self- Face Recognition: A Magnetoencepharography Study

Time course analysis of hemispheric asymmetry in self-face recognition : a magnetoencepharography study Sub Title Author 辻井, 岳雄(Tsujii, Takeo) 大平, 貴之(Ohira, Takayuki) 渡辺, 茂(Watanabe, Shigeru) Publisher Centre for Advanced Research on Logic and Sensibility The Global Centers of Excellence Program, Keio University Publication year 2009 Jtitle CARLS series of advanced study of logic and sensibility Vol.2, (2008. ) ,p.5968 Abstract Notes Part 1: Brain and Evolution Genre Research Paper URL https://koara.lib. keio.ac. jp/xoonips/modules/xoonips/detail.php? koara_id=KO12002001-2009033 1-0059
Use of Lambert's theorem for the n-dimensional Coulomb problem

We present the analytical solution in closed form for the semiclassical limit of the quantum-mechanical Coulomb Green's function in position space in n dimensions. We utilize a projection method which has its roots in Lambert's theorem and which allows us to treat the system as an essentially one-dimensional problem. The semiclassical result assumes a simple analytical form and is well suited for a numerical evaluation. The method can also be extended to classically forbidden space regions. Already for moderately large principal quantum numbers {nu}{>=}5, the semiclassical Green's function is found to be an excellent approximation to the quantum-mechanical Green's function.
Factorizations of diffeomorphisms of compact surfaces with boundary

We study diffeomorphisms of compact, oriented surfaces, developing methods of distinguishing those which have positive factorizations into Dehn twists from those which satisfy the weaker condition of being right-veering. We use these to construct open book decompositions of Stein-fillable 3‐manifolds whose monodromies have no positive factorization. 57R17
Photodynamic Therapy : An Overview and Insights into a Prospective Mainstream Anticancer Therapy

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) procedure has minimum invasiveness in contrast to conventional anticancer surgical procedures. Although clinically approved a few decades ago, it is not commonly used due to its poor efficacy, mainly due to poor light penetration into deeper tissues. PDT uses a photosensitizer (PS), which is photoactivated on illumination by light of appropriate wavelength and oxygen in the tissue, leading to a series of photochemical reactions producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggering various mechanisms resulting in lethal effects on tumor cells. This review looks into the fundamental aspects of PDT, such as photochemistry, photobiological effects, and the current clinical applications in the light of improving PDT to become a mainstream therapeutic procedure against a broad spectrum of cancers and malignant lesions. The side effects of PDT, both early and late-onset, are elaborated on in detail to highlight the available options to minimize side effects without compromising therapeutic efficacy. This paper summarizes the benefits, drawbacks, and limitations of photodynamic therapy along with the recent attempts to achieve improved therapeutic efficacy via monitoring various cellular and molecular processes through fluorescent imagery aided by suitable biomarkers, prospective nanotechnology-based targeted delivery methods, the use of scintillating nanoparticles to deliver light to remote locations and also combining PDT with conventional anticancer therapies have opened up new dimensions for PDT in treating cancers. This review inquires and critically analyses prospective avenues in which a breakthrough would finally enable PDT to be integrated into mainstream anticancer therapy.
Noether-Lefschetz theory and the Yau-Zaslow conjecture

The Yau-Zaslow conjecture determines the reduced genus 0 Gromov-Witten invariants of K3 surfaces in terms of the Dedekind eta function. Classical intersections of curves in the moduli of K3 surfaces with Noether-Lefschetz divisors are related to 3-fold Gromov-Witten theory via the K3 invariants. Results by Borcherds and Kudla-Millson determine the classical intersections in terms of vector-valued modular forms. Proven mirror transformations can often be used to calculate the 3-fold invariants which arise. Via a detailed study of the STU model (determining special curves in the moduli of K3 surfaces), we prove the Yau-Zaslow conjecture for all curve classes on K3 surfaces. Two modular form identities are required. The first, the Klemm-Lerche-Mayr identity relating hypergeometric series to modular forms after mirror transformation, is proven here. The second, the Harvey-Moore identity, is proven by D. Zagier and presented in the paper.
Edge-Morphology Detection Approach for Median Nerve Segmentation on Ultrasound Images

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CST) is a form of peripheral neuropathy that affects a significant number of people. It is triggered by the compression of the median nerve in the wrist. CTS has recently been diagnosed using ultrasonography. This article presents a method that employs an edge-morphology detection approach to extract the structural feature of the median nerve from ultrasound images to permit automated segmentation of the median nerve. Pre-processing is applied to reduce the associated noise to boost the sensitivity and increase the accuracy of the model in segmenting the median nerve in ultrasound images. When tried on the test images, the suggested model performed well, with average precision, recall, F-score, and Jaccard similarity values of 0.87, 0.93, 0.76, and 0.93, respectively. Furthermore, a strong correlation of Cross-Sectional Area (CSA) between the ground truth and the segmented image of 0.962 is observed, allowing this model to serve as a useful initial screening tool to expedite the detection, diagnosis, and assessment of CTS in clinical practice.
Donor Heterogeneity in the Human Macrophage Response to a Biomaterial under Hyperglycemia in vitro.

Macrophages have a commanding role in scaffold-driven in situ tissue regeneration. Depending on their polarization state, macrophages mediate the formation and remodeling of new tissue by secreting growth factors and cytokines. Therefore, successful outcomes of material-driven in situ tissue vascular tissue engineering depends largely on the immuno-regenerative potential of the recipient. A large cohort of patients requiring vascular replacements suffers from systemic multifactorial diseases, like diabetes, which gives rise to a hyperglycemic and aggressive oxidative inflammatory environment that is hypothesized to hamper a well-balanced regenerative process. Here, we aimed to fundamentally explore the effects of hyperglycemia, as one of the hallmarks of diabetes, on the macrophage response to 3D electrospun synthetic biomaterials for in situ tissue engineering, in terms of inflammatory profile and tissue regenerative capacity. To simulate the early phases of the in situ regenerative cascade, we used a bottom-up in vitro approach. Primary human macrophages (n=8 donors) and (myo)fibroblasts in mono- or co-culture were seeded in 2D, as well as in a 3D electrospun resorbable polycaprolactone bisurea (PCL-BU) scaffold and exposed to normoglycemic (5.5 mM glucose), hyperglycemic (25 mM glucose) and osmotic control conditions (5.5 mM glucose, 19.5 mM mannitol). The results showed that macrophage polarization by biochemical stimuli was effective under all glycemic conditions and that the polarization states dictated expression of the receptors SCL2A1 (glucose transporter 1) and CD36 (fatty acid transporter). In 3D, the macrophage response to hyperglycemic conditions was strongly donor-dependent in terms of phenotype, cytokine secretion profile, and metabolic receptor expression. When co-cultured with (myo)fibroblasts, hyperglycemic conditions led to an increased expression of fibrogenic markers (ACTA2, COL1, COL3, IL-1β). Together, these findings show that the hyperglycemic and hyperosmotic conditions may indeed influence the process of macrophage-driven in situ tissue engineering, and that the extent of this is likely to be patient-specific.
Co-registration of multi-sensor UAV imagery. Case study: Boreal forest areas

ABSTRACT Monitoring the regeneration process of a forest is an important part of forestry management. Compared to traditional methods of counting tree species, UAVs have been a revolutionary means of saving time and costs due to the temporal and spatial flexibility of data collection. In turn, the integration of multispectral cameras allows the traditional vegetation indices that have been used with satellite imagery to be obtained. However, data from multispectral cameras must be combined with data from other types of sensors, such as RGB. It is therefore necessary to co-register all the information in order to obtain combined vegetation indices and carry out segmentation processes that allow the identification of the different tree species. In this study, the coordinate transformation methods available in QGIS software through the georeferencer plugin are evaluated. It also studies the influence of the number and distribution of control points on the accuracy of the transformation. It is concluded that of the transformation methods studied, TPS transformation has the highest accuracy with an MAE of 0.9 pixels and a deviation of 0.6 pixels, providing a minimum of 10 control points and a stratified or edge distribution.
A closed orientable 3-manifold with distinct distance three genus two Heegaard splittings

We describe an example of a closed orientable 3-manifold with distinct distance three genus two Heegaard splittings. This demonstrates that the constructions of alternate genus two Heegaard splittings of closed orientable 3-manifolds described by Rubinstein and Scharlemann in their 1998 paper Genus Two Heegaard Splittings of Orientable 3-Manifolds, does not yield all alternate genus two splittings and must be augmented.
‘Come together’—The Regulatory Interaction of Herpesviral Nuclear Egress Proteins Comprises Both Essential and Accessory Functions

Herpesviral nuclear egress is a fine-tuned regulatory process that defines the nucleocytoplasmic release of viral capsids. Nuclear capsids are unable to traverse via nuclear pores due to the fact of their large size; therefore, herpesviruses evolved to develop a vesicular transport pathway mediating the transition across the two leaflets of the nuclear membrane. The entire process involves a number of regulatory proteins, which support the local distortion of the nuclear envelope. In the case of the prototype species of β-Herpesvirinae, the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), the nuclear egress complex (NEC) is determined by the core proteins pUL50 and pUL53 that oligomerize, form capsid docking lattices and mediate multicomponent assembly with NEC-associated viral and cellular proteins. The NEC-binding principle is based on the hook-into-groove interaction through an N-terminal hook-like pUL53 protrusion that embraces an α-helical pUL50 binding groove. Thus far, the function and characteristics of herpesviral core NECs have been well studied and point to the groove proteins, such as pUL50, as the multi-interacting, major determinants of NEC formation and egress. This review provides closer insight into (i) sequence and structure conservation of herpesviral core NEC proteins, (ii) experimentation on cross-viral core NEC interactions, (iii) the essential functional roles of hook and groove proteins for viral replication, (iv) an establishment of assay systems for NEC-directed antiviral research and (v) the validation of NEC as putative antiviral drug targets. Finally, this article provides new insights into the conservation, function and antiviral targeting of herpesviral core NEC proteins and, into the complex regulatory role of hook and groove proteins during the assembly, egress and maturation of infectious virus.
[Validation of a method of dispensing nutritional supplements in a tertiary hospital].

INTRODUCTION Nutritional supplements are an essential component of the management of hospital hyponutrition, although their costs are high. There exists the need for methods allowing a rational prescription of them. OBJECTIVES To analyze the validity of the criteria for dispensing the nutritional supplements (NS) used at our center (by using as a reference the CONUT system). MATERIAL AND METHOD We retrospectively reviewed the petition formularies of NS sent from the different departments for 15 months (April/2010-June/2011). We analyzed the following variables: petitionary department; pathology; BMI; recent weight loss; decreased intake > 50%; total proteins; albumin; lymphocytes; total cholesterol; and assessment of the hyponutrition level according to the CONUT system. We compared the validity of our dispensing criteria of NS to those of the CONUT system by means of the Kappa coefficient. RESULTS We received 524 petitions (34.9/month). Pathologies: infectious (31.1%), tumor (26.1%), postsurgical (19%), others (23.8%). 88.9% of the patients had recent weight loss and 83.4% decreased intake > 50%. BMI: 24.8 ± 7.5 kg/m². Laboratory parameters: albumin 2.6 ± 0.7 g/dL, total proteins 5.7 ± 2.4 g/dL, total cholesterol 152 ± 172 mg/dL, lymphocytes 1,561 ± 1,842/ mm3. Assessment of the hyponutrition level according to the CONUT system: normal (12%), mild hyponutrition (23.1%), moderate (41.6%), severe (23.3%). Adherence to our hospital requisites for the dispensation of NS: none (6.3%), one (33.6%), two (43.1%), all three (17%). We compared the number of requisites to the degree of hyponutrition (CONUT system), yielding a weak agreement index (Kappa = 0.207; p < 0.001). 156 patients (29.8% of all the petitions) received a NS in spite of having a normal nutrition level or mild hyponutrition according to the CONUT system. Most of these commands (116; 74.4%) met just one criterion for dispensing a NS, and in 93.9% of them the reason alleged by the physician was a decreased intake > 50%. CONCLUSIONS our dispensation method of NS detects a greater percentage of patients susceptible of nutritional supplementation than the CONUT system. The main advantage of our system is the assessment of a decreased intake, which is the main indication for a NS at the hospital setting.
Grammaire à substitution d’arbre de complexité polynomiale : un cadre efficace pour DOP

Trouver l’arbre d’analyse le plus probable dans le cadre du modèle DOP (Data-Oriented Parsing) — une version probabiliste de grammaire à substitution d’arbres développée par R. Bod (1992) — est connu pour être un problème NP-difficile dans le cas le plus général (Sima’an, 1996a). Cependant, si l’on introduit des restrictions a priori sur le choix des arbres élémentaires, on peut obtenir des instances particulières de DOP pour lesquelles la recherche de l’arbre d’analyse le plus probable peut être effectuée en un temps polynomial (par rapport à la taille de la phrase à analyser). La présente contribution se propose d’étudier une telle instance polynomiale de DOP, fondée sur le principe de sélection miminale-maximale et d’en évaluer les performances sur deux corpus différents.