Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning rule influences recurrent network representations but not attractor structure in decision-making tasks

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are popular tools for studying computational dynamics in neurobiological circuits. However, due to the dizzying array of design choices, it is unclear if computational dynamics unearthed from RNNs provide reliable neurobiological inferences. Understanding the effects of design choices on RNN computation is valuable in two ways. First, invariant properties that persist in RNNs across a wide range of design choices are more likely to be candidate neurobiological mechanisms. Second, understanding what design choices lead to similar dynamical solutions reduces the burden of imposing that all design choices be totally faithful replications of biology. We focus our investigation on how RNN learning rule and task design affect RNN computation. We trained large populations of RNNs with different, but commonly used, learning rules on decision-making tasks inspired by neuroscience literature. For relatively complex tasks, we ﬁnd that attractor topology is invariant to the choice of learning rule, but representational geometry is not. For simple tasks, we ﬁnd that attractor topology depends on task input noise. However, when a task becomes increasingly complex, RNN attractor topology becomes invariant to input noise. Together, our results suggest that RNN dynamics are robust across learning rules but can be sensitive to the training task design, especially for simpler tasks.
Synthesis, Identification of Heterocyclic Compounds and Study of Biological Activity

The aim of this work , synthesis of various hetero cycles (three, four, five, six, seven, and eight ) –membered ring , containing one or more of hetero atoms as (N, S, O). This work involved five part , first part included synthesis of compounds (1-5) derived from cysteine when react with hydrazine , followed by electrophilic reactions to yield (aziridine ,diaziridine ,diazetidine, isoindole, diazine ) derivative . In second part ,the compound (6-14) was synthesized from reaction of phenylene diamine with carbondisulfide or glycine with phthalic anhydride to yield (thiazetidine,thiazepine, thiazolidine, diazirine,diazocin, benzimidazole, isoindole) derivatives . Third part, involved synthesis of triazole derivatives ( 17 ) from azotation of 1,3,4-thiadiazole to give (azo-imine ) compound (16) , followed by cyclization reaction. Four part involved synthesis of several hetero cycles from reaction of 1, 3,4thiadiazole with sugars (xylose, arabinose, ribose), then reacted with (o-thiol benzoic, glycine, salicylic acid ) to produce the compounds (18-23) . Five parts involved study of biological activity of some compounds. The structure of these compounds were characterized by (H.NMR ,FT.IR ,C.H.N) techniques and their melting
Letter to the Editors Facial emotion perception and fusiform gyrus volume in first episode schizophrenia

There is evidence that individuals with first episode (FE) schizophrenia are impaired in facial emotion perception (Edwards et al., 2001). While the mechanisms underlying impaired performance on face emotion perception tasks are still unknown, increasing attention has been given to the Fusiform Gyrus (FG). The FG has primarily been implicated in face perception, a building block to emotion perception (Kanwisher et al., 1997), however new evidence suggests that the FG plays an additional role in emotion processing among non-clinical control participants (Wang et al., 2005), and individuals with depression (Surguladze et al., 2005) and schizophrenia (Gur et al., 2002). Likewise, structural studies indicate an association between decreased FG volumes and face perception among individuals with FE schizophrenia (Lee et al., 2002). However, the association between FG volume and emotion perception in FE schizophrenia has not been examined. We recruited two groups of participants into this pilot study: individuals with first episode schizophrenia and non-clinical controls. The individuals with schizophrenia were included if they met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder, had a total lifetime exposure to antipsychotic medication of 16 weeks or less, had duration of illness less than 5 years, and were free of neurological injury. Non-clinical control participants were included if they had no history of a DSM-IV axis I disorder, no firstdegree relative with a psychotic disorder, and no history of brain damage. The clinical participants (13 males, 10 females) had a mean age of 22.7 years (SD=5.3), were
Solar Wind Anomalies at 1 au and Their Associations with Large-scale Structures

We study solar wind anomalies and their associations with solar wind structures using the STEREO solar wind and suprathermal electron (STE) data from IMPACT and PLASTIC. We define solar wind anomalies as temporary and local excursions from the average solar wind state, regardless of their origins, for six anomalies: sunward strahls, counterstreaming suprathermal electrons, suprathermal electron depletions, nearly radial magnetic field episodes, anomalously low proton temperatures, and anomalously low proton beta. We first establish the solar wind synoptic contour displays, which show the expected variations in solar wind structure during the solar cycle: recurrent corotating heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) and stream structures are dominant during solar quiet times around the solar minimum (2008 December) preceding cycle 24, while complex structures characterize solar active times around the solar maximum (2014 April). During the declining phase of the cycle (2016–2019), the stream structures remain complex, but the HMF sectors show the structures of the solar minimum. We then systematically study the six anomalies by analyzing the STE data using automated procedures. All anomalies present some degree of dependence on the large-scale solar wind structure, especially around the solar minimum, implying that the solar wind structure plays a role in either the generation or transportation of these anomalies. One common feature of all of the anomalies is that the distributions of the durations of the anomalous episodes all peak at the 1 hr data resolution, but monotonically decrease over longer durations, which may arguably imply that solar anomalies occur on a continuum of temporal and spatial scales.
A SURVEY OF SYNERGISTIC RELATIONSHIPS FOR DESIGNING ARCHITECTURE: SCENARIOS, QUALITY ATTRIBUTES, PATTERNS, DECISIONS, REASONING FRAMEWORK

Abstract - Software Architectures are generally designed with particular functional and nonfunctional requirements. Organizations often need to choose Software Architecture for future development from several contending candidate architectures. Several methods have been proposed to design, analyze, selecting architectures with respect to hoped quality attributes to identify their restrictions. Most of these methods encourage the use of architectural patterns to develop architectures with known characteristics and apply scenarios to evaluate those architectures for desired quality attributes (e.g., reliability, modifiability). In case of Architecting a complex design activity, it involves making decisions about a number of inter-dependent design choices that relate to a range of design concerns. Each decision requires selecting among a number of alternatives; each of which impacts differently on various quality attributes (e.g., real-time, reliability, and performance). This paper discusses a selection framework based on multiattribute decision making using Hypothetical Equivalents, Architectural Information in a format that can support design decisions, ArchDesigner as a taxonomic approach along with GB case study and a Reasoning Framework which is encapsulation mechanism, can be used by nonexperts to examine a specific quality (e.g., performance, modifiability, availability) of a system.
A Review on Mechanism Linking between Diabetic and Obesity

Obesity is considered as a major health disaster as it causes to many health issues for aged people around the globe. Obesity functions by accumulating adipose tissue that leads to impairment of physical and psychological health. The adipose tissue with abnormal deposition of fat causes physical inactivity due to many factors such as hereditary and overeating habit. One of the risk factors of obesity is diabetes, which could also be a root cause for many other abnormalities in the human body. So, diabetes has a strong relationship with obesity. Moreover, insulin substance plays a vital in maintaining diabetes, which also has a direct relationship with body mass index. In addition, the amount of fatty acid, hormones, glycerol, cytokines etc. are the major substances involved in the diabetic development in human body. As diabetes is primarily caused by obesity, this paper aims to describe the rapport between obesity and diabetes, it’s types and implications on human health.
EVALUACIÓN EN LA ENSEÑANZA DE LAS HABILIDADES MOTRICES BÁSICAS EN EL MEDIO ACUÁTICO: EL EQUILIBRIO. ASPECTOS INTRODUCTORIOS (I). THE EVALUATION IN THE EDUCATION OF BASIC MOTOR ABILITIES IN WATER: THE BALANCE. INTRODUCTORY CONSIDERATIONS (I).

This article approaches the knowledge of the balance motor ability in land as the ground basis to introduce, later on, the necessary and specific adaptations to the own characteristics that aquatics have to develop this ability. In a more concrete way, we will stand out how the knowledge of these characteristics or limiting factors of the basic motor ability allow a concretion when establishing the
Modeling and optimizations of mixing and aeration processes in bioreactors with activated sludge

Mixing aimed at homogenization of the volume of bioreactors with the activated sludge is of great importance for the proper course of the wastewater treatment process. It affects both the efficiency of pollutants removal and the properties of the activated sludge related to its sedimentation. The mixing process in bioreactors can be carried out in different ways. In batch bioreactors in the aeration phase or flow bioreactors in aerobic chambers, mixing is carried out through aeration systems. These systems should aerate the activated sludge flocs for efficient biological treating of wastewater, as well as effectively homogenize the volume of the bioreactor. Hence, it is important to choose such a design of the aeration system and its operation settings that provide the amount of air ensuring the exact amount of oxygen for the implementation of technological processes, counteract sedimentation of sludge at the bottom of the reactor, are reliable as well as economical in operation (demand of electric energy). The paper presents the model studies aimed at optimization of the design and settings of aeration and mixing systems used in active sludge bioreactors.
Two-dimensional tensor temperature extension of the hydrodynamic model and its applications

The fundamental assumption that is made in most hydrodynamic simulation programs is the scalar nature of the temperature. In this paper we examine this assumption and present a model that takes into account the full tensorial nature of the temperature. The results show good agreement with 1-D Monte Carlo calculations for a ballistic diode and reproduce some of the qualitative features of 2-D Monte Carlo results for MOSFETs. In terms of terminal currents, 2-D tensor temperature simulation of BJTs shows only small differences when compared with results from scalar temperature formulation. For MOSFETs the differences are up to 15%. Internal distribution of temperature in MOSFETs shows some interesting properties that cannot be reproduced by the scalar temperature hydrodynamic model. The details of the physical models and transport coefficients used are also described.
Microsimulation of pedestrian conflict with other transport modes

An effective solution of the conflict points of different transport modes is a significant issue at the urban level today. With the permanent increase of traffic in cities, it is necessary to look for suitable and sustainable transport solutions to these situations, so that the traffic flow is smooth and the transport remains safe, ecological and economical. The paper deals with the design of a simple decision-making tool for selecting the solution of pedestrian conflict with other traffic modes (classical pedestrian crossing, controlled pedestrian crossing for defined pedestrian and vehicle flows, based on experimental microsimulation. High pedestrian flows their dependence on the delay time of road users are not properly implemented in Czech legislation. The results are verified in a case study of conflict solution within the reconstruction of a public transport terminal in Prague.
ASSESSMENT OF HEART RHYTHM DISORDERS AT LEFT ATRIAL STANNING AT EARLY STAGES OF LEFT VENTRICULAR MODELING

Aim of investigation: to study features of rhythm’s disturbance at the stanning of the left atrium in a group of people with hypertension. Material and methods: On the base of Cardiology dispensary there carried out retrospective survey of 73 ambulatory cards of patients between 30 and 56 years old with hypertension as well as irregular heartbeats. Survey have been continued for 3 years. For the evolution of the geometric model of the left ventricle was used classification (normal geometry of LV, concentric remodeling of LVFinite diastolic size of LV, eccentric hypertrophy of LV, concentric hypertrophy of LV). Results and discussion: Patients are separated into two groups: 1groupThere are patients with hypertension but without irregular heartbeats. 2groupthere are patients with both hypertonic disease as well as irregular heartbeats. Consequently, it was detected that majority of the first group has variation of LV by concentric type. Nevertheless, a concentric hypertrophy of LV had revealed a great part of the second group, where patients are suffered hypertension and disturbance of rhythm Conclusions: Hypertensioninduced heart damage lead to morpho-functional remodeling, in spite of that it changes electrophysiological features of cardiac cells. The important thing to detect irregular rhythm is existing heart’s structural pathology which is called a stanning of LA.
Intelligent and efficient parking solutions

The high demand for mobility around the world means a constant increase in road traffic and a deterioration in parking spaces. The paper focuses on the issue of automatic parking systems in the Czech Republic. It defines automatic parking, functionality and also informs about the possibility of using BIM. It describes in detail the systems located in the city of Ostrava.
Channel Statistical OFDM Transmission System Resource Allocation Algorithm

In order to achieve high spectral efficiency in OFDM transmission system, it is necessary to put forward the corresponding efficient subcarrier and power allocation algorithm. Therefore, on the basis of understanding the basic principle and system structure of OFDM, this paper analyzes the corresponding allocation algorithm according to the multi-user water injection theory, and studies the final results, so as to provide an effective scientific basis for future channel statistics research.
One Early Warning and Traffic Control Method for Satellite Communication System and the Implement of Time Prediction Algorithm

This article introduces an early warning and control method of user satellite communication traffic applied to satellite communication system. Due to the high communication cost of transportation satellites, in order to avoid high communication bills, the full-service ability to collect call data records (CDR) by Transportation Satellite Business Support System is required to provide early warning and business control over the four dimensions of voice, data, text messages, and package fees for satellite communications. At the same time, the system predicts the typical user behavior through the time series prediction Prophet algorithm, which serves as the default reminder rule to achieve full coverage of users.
Tax versus Regulations: Robustness to Polluter Lobbying Against Near-Zero Emission Targets

We investigate polluter lobbying against near-zero emission targets in a monopoly market. To this end, we compare three typical environmental policies—an emission cap regulation that restricts total emissions, an emission intensity regulation that restricts emissions per output unit, and an emission tax. We presume a policy to be most robust to lobbying when a lesser strict emission target (i.e., an increase in the targeted emission level) imposed by the government to the industry increases the firms’ profit least significantly among the three policies. We find that the emission tax is the most robust in the presence of lobbying if the government aims for a net-zero emission society. However, the emission tax is the least robust if the emission target is loose or the government is weak against lobbying. JEL classification codes: Q52, L13, L51
T OXI G EN : Controlling Language Models to Generate Implied and Adversarial Toxicity

Toxic language detection systems often falsely 001 ﬂag text that contains minority group men-002 tions as toxic, as those groups are often the 003 targets of online hate. Such over-reliance on 004 spurious correlations also causes systems to 005 struggle with detecting implicitly toxic lan-006 guage. To help mitigate these issues, we cre-007 ate T OXI G EN , a new large-scale and machine-008 generated dataset of 274k toxic and benign 009 statements about 13 minority groups. We de-010 velop a demonstration-based prompting frame-011 work and an adversarial classiﬁer-in-the-loop 012 decoding method to generate subtly toxic and 013 benign text with a massive pretrained language 014 model (Brown et al., 2020). Controlling ma-015 chine generation in this way allows T OXI G EN 016 to cover implicitly toxic text at larger scale, 017 and about more demographic groups, than pre-018 vious resources of human-written text. We 019 conduct a human evaluation on a challeng-020 ing subset of T OXI G EN and ﬁnd that annota-021 tors struggle to distinguish machine-generated 022 text from human-written language. We also 023 ﬁnd that 94.5% of toxic examples are labeled 024 as hate speech by human annotators. Using 025 three publicly-available datasets, we show that 026 ﬁnetuning a toxicity classiﬁer on our data im-027 proves its performance on human -written data 028 substantially. We also demonstrate that T OXI - 029 G EN can be used to ﬁght machine-generated 030 toxicity as ﬁnetuning improves the classiﬁer 031 signiﬁcantly on our evaluation subset.
Analysis of Corneal Data in R with the rPACI Package

In ophthalmology, the early detection of keratoconus is still a crucial problem. Placido disk corneal topographers are an essential tool in clinical practice, and many indices for diagnosing corneal irregularities exist. The main goal of this work is to present the R package rPACI , providing several functions to handle and analyze corneal data. This package implements primary indices of corneal irregularity (based on geometrical properties) and compound indices built from the primary ones, either using a generalized linear model, or as a Bayesian classiﬁer using a hybrid Bayesian network and performing approximate inference. rPACI aims to make the analysis of corneal data accessible for practitioners and researchers in the ﬁeld. Moreover, a shiny app was developed so that rPACI can be used in any web browser, in a truly user-friendly graphical interface, without installing R or writing any R code. It is openly deployed at https://admaldonado.shinyapps. io/rPACI/ .
USER EXPERIENCE ANALYSIS OF FERRY SERVICE EMPLOYEE TO USE OF THE HUMAN RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEM

The success of Human Resource Information System (HRIS) will greatly assist the company in managing human resources, where the success of HRIS is due to employee support to make improvements to the development of HRIS functions based on employee needs. For this reason, this study is intended to measure the user experience based on employee's perception related the role of HRIS in the Company. Where the research model combines several previous studies with approaches to Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the success of HRIS. The results of the study show there is something new about the success of HRIS in Ferry Company that are not affected by user satisfaction with the quality of the system, on the other hand, the priority concerns of employees are the quality of information, ease of use and perceived benefits of the HRIS. The next company need to focus on improvement the quality of information on the website and increasing the user experience of the HRIS website.
A possible pathophysiology of GERD in OSAS patients: the roles of decreased lung volume and increased lung elastic resistance

Background: To study the relationship between GERD and OSAS in overweight and obese populations. Methods: A total of 196 patients (143 males and 53 females) who developed snoring or suspected OSAS participated in the study. All the patients were divided into the OSAS and non-OSAS groups based on their nocturnal polysomnographies (PSG). Their lung volumes (LV) and respiratory mechanical performances (RMPs) were assessed using impulse oscillometry (IOS) without the dysfunction of pulmonary ventilation in the patients. The esophageal function and degree of reflux were evaluated by monitoring their esophageal pressure and testing their 24-hour esophageal pH. Results: The incidence of pathological GERD in overweight and obese OSAS patients is higher than it is in age-, gender-, and BMI-matched non-OSAS overweight and obese patients (P > 0.05). The FRC and ERV are significantly decreased in the OSAS with GERD patients compared to the non-OSAS with GERD patients (P < 0.05). The absolute value of the inspiratory-expiratory pressure gradient was also significantly higher in the OSAS patients than it was in the controls (P < 0.001). Through a multiple linear stepwise regression analysis, we found that the Rcentral airway resistance in a supine position (P < 0.001) and AHI (P = 0.002) correlated with the DeMeester score. Conclusions: Regarding the pathophysiological prevalence of GERD in overweight and obese OSAS patients, in addition to the abnormal esophageal motility, a potential mechanism may be negative intrathoracic pressure fluctuations caused by increased lung elastic resistance and decreased lung volume (FRC, ERV) and an induced lower intraesophageal pressure gradient that results in sucking the gastric contents into the esophagus.