Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Selection Objective for Improving Efficiency of Beef Cattle

A simulation based on 1000 cows at calving was used to evaluate biological and economic efficiency of three levels of milk production and two production systems. Data for this study were extracted from the literature. Low (L), medium (M), and high (H) milk production cows, in calf-fed (CS) and yearling systems (YS) were analyzed for a 1-yr cycle. Calf-fed system had a feedlot phase of 211 d and 240 d for steers and heifers, respectively, and YS had 315 d for growing, and 90 d and 120 d finishing periods for both heifers and steers. Average prices of 10yr (2003-2012) adjusted for inflation to 2012 basis for cattle, feedstuffs and non-feed costs for Nebraska, interest, and premiums and discounts for carcasses were used. Cost, revenue, breakeven, and profit/loss were estimated for calves to weaning and from weaning to slaughter. Cost to weaning was estimated for the cowherd, breeding bulls, replacement heifers and bulls, and nursing calves. Cost from weaning to slaughter included initial cost of calves, and the expenses incurred in this phase. Feed cost was based on metabolizable energy (ME) consumed and appropriate feedstuffs. Breakeven was calculated by dividing the cost per cow exposed by body weight (BW) of calf produced. Biological and economic efficiency were estimated at weaning and slaughter endpoints. Biological efficiency was defined as grams of BW (to weaning) or carcass weight (CWT; to slaughter) per unit (Mcal) of ME consumed. Economic efficiency was defined as the ratio of dollars output to dollars input. Cost to weaning, growing in YS, finishing in YS, and finishing in CS were $578.07, $613.48, $621.68/cow exposed; $306.52, $318.87, $325.65/cow exposed; $423.02, $422.01, $433.16/cow exposed; and 333.75, $347.14, $350.44/cow exposed for L, M, and H, respectively. Breakevens, in dollars value/ kg of BW, to weaning, for growing in YS, for finishing in YS, and for finishing in CS were 3.06, 3.27, 3.20; 2.46, 2.58, 2.58; 2.25, 2.28, 2.29; and 2.07, 2.16, 2.17 for L, M and H, respectively. Net 66 profit/loss, in dollars profit/cow exposed, to weaning, for growing in YS, for finishing in YS, and for finishing in CS were -6.4, -35.5, -33.5; 11.01, -3.53, -3.69; 22.31, 18.19, 15.99; and 25.20, 10.86, 9.70 for L, M and H, respectively. Biological efficiency to weaning and to slaughter were 29.77, 27.29, and 27.39 g/Mcal of weaning weight and 21.76, 19.92, 19.81 of g of/Mcal CWT for L, M, and H, respectively. Economic efficiency, in dollar output *100/dollar input, to weaning and to slaughter were 98.9, 94.2, and 94.6 and 105.8, 99.0, 98.8 for L, M, and H, respectively. Low-milk-yield cows had greater biological and economic efficiency than M and H group both to weaning and to slaughter, and slaughter was the more profitable endpoint.
Turn Signals Are The Facial Expressions Of Automobiles

* Go to a Sixth Grade Play * Design Follies * The Home Magazine Kitchen * Refrigerator Doors and Message Centers * High-Technology Gadgets * The Teddy * How Long is Noon? * Real Time * Natures Packaging * Evolution Versus Design * Turn Signals Are the Facial Expressions of Automobiles * Book Jackets and Science * Brain Power * Hofstadters Law * One Chance in a Million * Coffee Cups in the Cockpit * Writing as Design, Design as Writing
On the number of Costas arrays as a function of array size

A conjecture that the number of Costas arrays is a monotonic increasing function of array size is disproved by extension of the known values to n=17. A probabilistic estimation formula is developed which predicts the peak at n=16 and tracks the known values to (typically) 5-6%. >
Chestnut Honey as a Complementary Medicine: Determination of Antibacterial Activity, Heavy Metal Residue and Health Risk Assessment

In this study, residue levels for heavy metal content and antimicrobial effects of 27 chestnut honey samples obtained from member beekeepers of Yalova Bee Association are examined. Honey samples are digested under high temperature and pressure in a microwave oven and Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg) limits are determined using ICP-OES. Using Agar gel diffusion method, 19 of the honey samples’ antibacterial activity was tested on strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), E. coli O 157: H7, Bacillus cereus (ATCC 6633), Salmonella Typhimirium (NCTC 12416) and Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 7644). As, Pb, Cd and Hg residue levels in all honey samples were below the designated limits by Turkish Food Codex Regulation. The non-carcinogenic health risk associated with heavy metal contamination in honey is found to be very low. None of the 19 honey samples show antibacterial effect on L. monocytogenes strains. At 100% honey concentration, in 18 out of 19 honey samples, antibacterial effect is observed on strains of S. Typhimirium, E. coli O 157: H7 while all 19 samples show antibacterial activity on strains of E. coli and B. cereus. The antibacterial activity on these bacteria is recorded to be maintained at 50% honey concentration. At 25% honey concentration, the antibacterial effect show a decline in most of the honey samples.
Design of a High Speed Switched Reluctance Machine for Automotive Turbo-Generator Applications

The efficient generation of relatively large quantities of electrical energy in vehicles is becoming an increasingly important issue, as a result of increasing demands of ancillary equipment and the emergence of hybrid power-train vehicles. An attractive solution to meeting these demands is to extract the electrical energy by means of a generator driven by a high-speed exhaust mounted turbine, a technology that is beginning to emerge commercially. This thesis is concerned with the design of a system, which extends this concept to enable both electrical generation and highly flexible air-management. The heart of the system is a high-speed switched reluctance machine, the rotor of which is located on a common shaft with the turbine and compressor wheels of a standard commercial turbocharger. The design synthesis of a -switched reluctance machine capable of meeting the required performance specification is particularly onerous given the harsh environment in which it operates, specifically in terms of the restricted space envelope, the high ambient temperature and the very high rotational speeds. This thesis describes the design of a switched reluctance machine for a prototype system, a procedure that encompasses the detailed analysis of centrifugal stress in the rotor, aerodynamic losses, iron loss, rotordynainic performance and dynamic performance. The design and analysis of the system is supported by experimental evaluation at both component and system level.
A distributed multisensor-multitarget tracking testbed for maritime surveillance

In this paper we present the development of a multisensor-multitarget tracking testbed for large-scale distributed (or network-centric) scenarios. The project, which is in progress at McMaster University and the Royal Military College of Canada, is supported by the Department of National Defence and Raytheon Canada. The objective is to develop a testbed capable of handling multiple, heterogeneous sensors in a hierarchical architecture for maritime surveillance. The testbed consists of a scenario generator that can generate simulated data from multiple sensors including radar, sonar, IR and ESM as well as a tracker framework into which different tracking algorithms can be integrated. In the first stage of the project, the IMM/Assignment tracker, and the Particle Filter (PF) tracker are implemented in a distributed architecture and some preliminary results are obtained. Other trackers like the Multiple Hypothesis Tracker (MHT) are also planned for the future.
ANALISIS VOLATILITAS INDEKS DOW JONES, FTSE 100, HANG SENG, DAN LQ 45 SELAMA KRISIS EROPA: WAVELET ANALYSIS

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis melalui visualisasi volatilitas dari empat pasar modal yang terlikuid saat ini yaitu Indeks Dow Jones, FTSE 100, Hang Seng dan LQ 45 selama terjadinya masalah krisis di Eropa dengan menggunakan analysis wavelet periode waktu Oktober 2009 sampai September 2012. Hasil dari penelitian ini, bahwa dari perkembangan setiap pasar modal selama terjadinya krisis Eropa pada indek FTSE pada pengamatan satu bulan (D3) dengan empat bulan (D5) Oktober 2009-September 2012 menghasilkan return yang bertururt-turut selama tiga tahun, indeks Dow Jones pada pengamatan empat bulan menghasilkan return positif secara berturut-turut, hasil yang sama pada indeks Hang Seng pengamatan selama empat bulan (D5) menghasilkan return positif. Sedangkan pada indeks LQ 45 tidak ada satupun waktu pengamatan menghasilkan return yang berturut-turut. Pada perbandingan pasar modal tersebut, bahwa krisis Eropa telah mempengaruhi volatilitas dari Indeks Dow Jones, FTSE 100, Hang Seng dan LQ 45 karena selama waktu pengamatan ke empat pasar modal tersebut menghasilkan kinerja yang menurun selama waktu pengamatan satu tahun pada periode Oktober 2009-September 2010 dan Oktober 2011-September 2012.
Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.)

Abstract: The Acerola, or West Indian cherry, which belongs to the Malpighiaceae family, is native to the West Indies and tropical South America. Fully ripe fruits have the highest vitamin C content of all fruits, ranging from 1,000 to 2,000 mg 100 g− 1. Processing the fruit into juice results in little loss of vitamin C; consequently, the juice is used to improve the ascorbic acid content of other fruit juices. Fruits are ready for harvesting when they turn pink or red. They should not be allowed to ripen fully on the trees because they deteriorate rapidly. The fruits are highly perishable after harvest. Postharvest losses are mainly due to physical injuries arising from abrasion, puncture and compression. Shelf life is also limited owing to pests and diseases. The fruits have a very thin skin and lose moisture very rapidly when stored at high temperatures and low relative humidity. Fruits are also susceptible to chilling injury during low temperature storage.
Neural Control Engineering: The Emerging Intersection Between Control Theory and Neuroscience

Over the past sixty years, powerful methods of model-based control engineering have been responsible for such dramatic advances in engineering systems as autolanding aircraft, autonomous vehicles, and even weather forecasting. Over those same decades, our models of the nervous system have evolved from single-cell membranes to neuronal networks to large-scale models of the human brain. Yet until recently control theory was completely inapplicable to the types of nonlinear models being developed in neuroscience. The revolution in nonlinear control engineering in the late 1990s has made the intersection of control theory and neuroscience possible. In Neural Control Engineering, Steven Schiff seeks to bridge the two fields, examining the application of new methods in nonlinear control engineering to neuroscience. After presenting extensive material on formulating computational neuroscience models in a control environment -- including some fundamentals of the algorithms helpful in crossing the divide from intuition to effective application -- Schiff examines a range of applications, including brain-machine interfaces and neural stimulation. He reports on research that he and his colleagues have undertaken showing that nonlinear control theory methods can be applied to models of single cells, small neuronal networks, and large-scale networks in disease states of Parkinson's disease and epilepsy. With Neural Control Engineering the reader acquires a working knowledge of the fundamentals of control theory and computational neuroscience sufficient not only to understand the literature in this trandisciplinary area but also to begin working to advance the field. The book will serve as an essential guide for scientists in either biology or engineering and for physicians who wish to gain expertise in these areas.
Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes: A Review

Diabetes Mellitus (DM), one of the most non-communicable diseases, is increasing day by day in an alarming way. More than 140 million people are suffering from diabetes throughout the world. It is not a single disease entity, but rather a group of metabolic disorders sharing the common underlying feature of hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia in diabetes results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or, most commonly, both. The chronic hyperglycemia and attendant metabolic deregulation may be associated with secondary damage in multiple organ systems, especially the kidneys, eyes, nerves, and blood vessels. The pathophysiology of diabetes is not fully elucidated. Insulin secretory dysfunction and insulin resistance or both is main candidate for this metabolic disorder, moreover various genetic and environmental factors may also involve in this process. Racial variations play also an important role as evidenced by various studies. However, the interrelationships between the molecular and metabolic mechanisms in these parameters contributing this life threatening disease still remain a mystery to the scientists. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2019;6(1):59-63
Micropoetry Meets Neurocognitive Poetics: Influence of Associations on the Reception of Poetry

Reading and understanding poetic texts is often described as an interactive process influenced by the words and phrases building the poems and all associations and images induced by them in the readers mind. Iser, for example, described the understanding process as the closing of a good Gestalt promoted by mental images. Here, we investigate the effect that semantic cohesion, that is the internal connection of a list words, has on understanding and appreciation of poetic texts. To do this, word lists are presented as modern micropoems to the participants and the (ease of) extraction of underlying concepts as well as the affective and aesthetic responses are implicitly and explicitly measured. We found that a unifying concept is found more easily and unifying concepts vary significantly less between participants when the words composing a micropoem are semantically related. Moreover these items are liked better and are understood more easily. Our study shows evidence for the assumed relationship between building spontaneous associations, forming mental imagery, and understanding and appreciation of poetic texts. In addition, we introduced a new method well-suited to manipulate backgrounding features independently of foregrounding features which allows to disentangle the effects of both on poetry reception.
Effect of Lactic Acid Strains Isolated from Kimchi on Atopic Dermatitis and Immunomodulation in NC/Nga Mice

Kimchi is a traditional Korean food, of which its constituent lactic acid bacteria have been reported to possess various physiological activities. However, few studies have investigated the immunological activity of these bacteria or their effect on atopic dermatitis (AD). We investigated whether a mixture of 6 types of lactic acid bacteria strains (LBS) isolated from kimchi has an immunomodulating effect on atopy. Mice with atopic dermatitis were orally administered LSB from kimchi for 8 weeks, and skin moisture content, scratching behavior, T-and B-cell proliferation, Th1/2 cytokines, and serum IgE and histamine levels were measured. In addition, hematoxylin and eosin and toluidine blue staining were con-ducted. Mice receiving LBS from kimchi had increased skin moisture content (164.3%) and T-cell proliferation (more than 4-fold), and decreased number of scratching behaviors (78.2%) and B-cell proliferation (63.7%) compared with the 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene control group. In addition, LBS increased Th1 type cytokines, decreased Th2 type and pro-inflam-matory cytokines, and decreased blood IgE (70.4%), histamine (67.6%) and mast cell levels. Therefore, it suggests that LBS of kimchi may be helpful in improving AD caused by immunological imbalance.
RF microelectronics for W-CDMA mobile communication systems

Third generation (3G) mobile communication systems are now just starting to be introduced. With a maximum data rate of 2 Mbit/s they will make wireless access to broadband data services like the Internet or video applications feasible. Most of the different physical layer technologies summarised under the acronym 3G are based on wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA), in contrast to existing second generation systems, which mostly use TDMA and FDMA. This has severe consequences for the design of the transceiver front-ends. During standardisation these were assumed to have an adequate RF performance yet they still present a performance bottleneck for the system. Starting with a short introduction to UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System)-the 3G standard to be deployed in Europe and already operating in Japan-this paper describes by way of example some of the test cases specified for UMTS and their impact on the analogue front-end. It is shown that accurate simulation of all the analogue and digital signal processing is necessary in order to predict the RF performance needed of today's commercial RFICs. The paper then presents and reviews some actual design examples. Finally, possible technologies and techniques for application in future mobile terminals are discussed.
AlN/GaN insulated gate heterostructure FET with regrown n+GaN ohmic contact

An AlN/GaN insulated gate heterostructure FET is presented. An n/sup +/GaN channel is placed on a thick Al/sub 0.15/Ga/sub 0.85/N layer and is covered by a 4 nm thick AlN insulator layer. The FET has a threshold voltage of near 0 V. A G/sub m/ of 220 mS/mm for a 1.4 /spl mu/m gate length was obtained.
Estimating the IAF of coffee from the volume occupied by leaves and plant architecture.

Os metodos de estimativa do indice de area foliar (IAF) utilizados para cafeeiros (Coffea arabica L.) apresentamlimitacoes relacionadas a representacao de particularidades da cultura que afetam o IAF no tempo e no espaco. Desenvolveuseeste trabalho objetivando propor um metodo de estimativa do IAF de forma a reduzir essas limitacoes. Foram utilizadoscafeeiros em fase produtiva, de cultivos da regiao de Lavras-MG, das variedades Mundo Novo e Catuai, coletados durantea estacao seca e a estacao chuvosa de 2010 a 2011. Nessas plantas avaliou-se a altura a partir do nivel do solo, comprimentototal de ramos plagiotropicos, o comprimento da regiao sem folhas na copa e o IAF. Esses dados foram utilizados paraestimar o volume de folhas das plantas e, posteriormente, para a obtencao de equacoes que descrevem o comportamento doIAF em funcao do volume de folhas. Verificaram-se tres ajustes das variacoes de IAF em funcao do volume de folhas:comportamento linear, expolinear e sazonal. Os tres modelos apresentaram estimativas realistas, quando aplicados emcafeeiros do municipio de Tres Pontas-MG. Potencialmente, os modelos podem ser aplicados na estimativa do IAF de umaplanta isolada ou para parcelas homogeneas. Possuem a vantagem de uma representacao mais realista da forma da planta notempo e no espaco em comparacao com metodos semelhantes. Com o metodo proposto, espera-se atender demandas demodelos de previsao de produtividade de cafeeiros, reduzindo as limitacoes observadas nos metodos comumente utilizadospara a determinacao do IAF.
Optimization of CFD Meshing for Stented Vessel Geometries

Coronary stent implantation is the most widely used technique currently employed to treat atherosclerosis in coronary artery. Although the optimal technique for bifurcation stenting in terms of clinical outcome is still open to controversy, most previous studies have focused on the single-stenting techniques due to its simpler geometry and easier clinical implantation. While the biomedical environment in a stented coronary bifurcation is extremely challenging to model, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) investigations have been used to study the effect of stent on blood flow patterns, however, in CFD simulation of double-stenting techniques, the presence of two or more stents accentuates the complexity of the geometry and the associated meshes especially in the region where two or multiple stent layers come together. Hence, in this study, complex three-dimensional geometric CFD simulations of a stented vessel have been performed in order to adopt an efficient and optimal meshing method to reduce the high computational cost. In doing so, several meshing strategies were chosen and applied.
Agile Project Estimation

Agile software development is an iterative development method. Its basic concept is people – centered and as such, it acknowledges that requirements can change. Estimation and structure of agile methodologies are very different from those in traditional ones. However, research involving estimation in agile methodologies is considerably less advanced. The iterative based software development methods in agile methodologies are powerful ways to deliver high quality software on time. To ensure the quality, the impact of factors affecting the development cycle should be evaluated constantly. This thesis introduces a detailed view of user stories and how user requirements are transformed into the right format as user stories. The risk and value of given requirements is discussed and how changeability of a user story is defined and applied to the estimation process. Changeability rate of the user story helps to define estimation more accurately using probability of the possible change of the user story. Main indicators of the changeability rate are the risk and value of the user story and evaluation of the INVEST model of the user story.
Long term impact of a major infrastructure project: the port of Gioia Tauro

This paper illustrates the story of the Port of Gioia Tauro, a major infrastructure investment co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund in the period 1994-1998, but whose origin dates back to the beginning of the 1970s. It draws from a recent ex-post evaluation carried out for the European Commission on a sample of ten major infrastructures in the Transport and Environment sectors aimed at assessing the long term effects produced by the project and interpreting the key determinants of the observed performance. The analysis shows an emblematic story of great business success and unexploited potential for local development: the overall assessment of the economic impact of the project is mixed, stressing the multi-faceted dimensions of development plans. In particular, the paper discusses to what extent factors such as governance, managerial response and social acceptability can be key determinants of long term effects of a large infrastructure project, more than forecasting capacity or project technical design. It also offers a pilot case testing an innovative evaluation exercise combining cost-benefit analysis with qualitative assessment and adopting a long-run perspective (30 years), which extends into both the past and the future, and requires a mix of retrospective and prospective analysis.
An internal octa‐band printed antenna for mobile phones LTE applications

A novel compact internal antenna combining a monopole and a parasitic planar inverted‐F antenna type of structure is presented. Based on voltage standing wave ratio <3:1, the operation bandwidths are 42% from 704 to 1083 MHz and 57.7% from 1660 to 3000 MHz to cover LTE700/GSM850/900/DCS1800/PCS1900/UMTS/LTE2300/LTE2500 for mobile phones. The proposed antenna is designed and printed on printed circuit board with compact size of 60 × 15 × 1.2 mm3. Measured average low band efficiency is about 60% and high band efficiency is about 70%. The simulated specific absorption rate at required frequency is less than 1.0 mW/g. Both antenna size and performance showed that this antenna has great potential for slim phone applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:247–252, 2015