Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Fourth Dimension in Mathematics and Art

The fourth dimension is a complex concept that deals with abstract reasoning, our sense of perception, and our imagination. This paper gives a brief overview of the background that leads to the study of the fourth dimension and focuses on the specifics of mathematics and visual imaging to illustrate the challenges and benefit of interdisciplinary collaboration to create a sound outcome.
Techniques for solving geometric problems on mesh-connected computers

The contributions of this thesis are twofold: (i) we solve optimally some problems on conventional Mesh-Connected Computers, which were not previously solved optimally, and (ii) we present new algorithms for several geometric problems on more realistic models. On conventional Mesh-Connected Computers, in which the n processors are arranged as a (multidimensional) array, we present a new technique for optimally performing n searches on a class of hierarchical DAGs, which leads to the first optimal mesh algorithms for the three dimensional convex hull and convex polyhedra intersection problems, settling an open problem which was posed in (AW88) and in (MS88b). The previous algorithms were a log n factor away from optimality. On the more realistic models (RAM/ARRAY(d)), in which the d-dimensional Mesh-Connected Computer is of fixed-size p and is attached to a random access machine, we present new algorithms for several geometric problems, which achieve the same speedup for a problem of arbitrary size n $\geq$ p as for a problem of size p. The problems include that of computing the all nearest neighbors of a planar set of points, the measure and perimeter of a union of rectangles, visibility of a set of nonintersecting line segments from a point, and dominance counting between two planar sets of points. All of the problems have sequential time complexity $\Theta$(n log n) and have O($p\sp{1/d}$) solutions for a problem of size p on a d-dimensional Mesh-Connected Computers of p-processors. Hence, the RAM/ARRAY(d) achieves the speedup of $O(p\sp{1-1/d}$ log p) for a problem of size p. Thus our contribution is to show that the speedup of $O(p\sp{1-1/d}$ log p) can be achieved for arbitrarily large problem size.
Entanglement of Formation is Monogamous

We show that any measure of entanglement that on pure bipartite states is given by a strictly concave function of the reduced density matrix is monogamous on pure tripartite states. This includes the important class of bipartite measures of entanglement that reduce to the (von Neumann) entropy of entanglement. Moreover, we show that the convex roof extension of such measures (e.g., entanglement of formation) are monogamous also on \emph{mixed} tripartite states. To prove our results, we use the definition of monogamy without inequalities, recently put forward in Quantum \textbf{2}, 81 (2018). Our results promote the theme that monogamy of entanglement is a property of quantum entanglement and not an attribute of some particular measures of entanglement.
Determination of Antihypergycemic Effect of Flaxseed (L. usititatissimum) Fractions on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent high blood glucose level. Flaxseed is one of the functional foods used in the management of diabetes mellitus. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of different fractions of Flaxseed on albino diabetic rats, and diabetes was induced using streptozotocin. The fractions were obtained using solvents with increasing polarity, namely n-Hexane, Ethylacetate, Methanol, and Water. The presence of various phytochemicals, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, balsam, carbohydrates, phenols, and resins, were identified. The phytochemical analysis revealed that the methanolic fraction contained the highest concentration of bioactive components, followed by the aqueous fraction. Significant reductions in blood glucose levels were observed across the groups treated with the Flaxseed fractions. The methanolic fraction exhibited the highest antihyperglycemic property (5.90±0.536), followed by the aqueous fraction (8.73±0.536). The hexane fraction ranked next to the aqueous fraction (20.50±1.617), while the ethylacetate fraction had the least antihyperglycemic effect (23.60±0.731). However, the protein and albumin biomarkers showed significant increase across all treatment groups. The Flaxseed fractions also demonstrated antihyperlipidemic properties, with the methanolic fraction being the most potent. Additionally, the treatment groups exhibited improved kidney function biomarkers, serum enzyme levels, and electrolyte levels. Based on the results of this investigation, Flaxseed proves to be a potent antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic food. Moreover, the methanolic fraction demonstrated the greatest ameliorative effect, followed by the aqueous fraction.
Acceptance towards e-learning among university students during Covid-19’S movement control order

The implementation of e-learning is highly demanded during the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak. It has been developed to overcome barriers associated with time, space, or geographical location that prevent the students from attending an-on campus course. Overall, previous literature highlighted the benefits and disadvantages of e-learning among school and university students. However, limited studies have evaluated the acceptance level of university students towards e-learning during a restricted environment like a state of emergency like Movement Control Order (MCO) during the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to explore the acceptance level towards e-learning based on different locations and years of study and to compare the mean difference of acceptance level towards e-learning during the Covid-19 movement control order. A total of 151 undergraduate physiotherapy students were recruited in this study. A quatitative approach was employed through a questionnaire as the research instrument. The findings revealed both urban and rural regions demonstrated moderate acceptance towards e-learning. Students from the first year until the fourth year also showed a moderate acceptance level towards e-learning. Nevertheless, there were no mean differences between locations and years of study with students’ acceptance level towards e-learning. Thus, the acceptance towards e-learning among Physiotherapy students were not affected based on the years of study and geographical locations.
An Unusual Cause of Chronic Diarrhea in a Young Patient – Diagnostic Challenge

RET-mutant MTC was evaluated in 55 patients who received prior cabozantinib or vandetanib. The ORR was 60% in all patients and 66 % in patients with RET-mutant MTC who did not receive prior cabozantinib or vandetanib (29 patients). Phase 3 trials are ongoing for selpercatinib and pralsetinib in advanced medullary thyroid cancer patients.
Sodium sulphide extraction of human keratin

ABSTRACT Sodium sulphide was used to dissolve the waste hair. The optimal reaction conditions were determined via single factor comparison experiments and orthogonal experiments. The results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows: the concentration of Na2S·9H2O was 60 g/L, the concentration of urea was 2 g/L, the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate was 10 g/L, the dissolving time was 120 min, and the melting temperature was 80°C. In this condition, the dissolution rate reached 92.29% and the extraction rate of keratin reached 62.98%. The results of TGA and FT-IR showed that there were no significant changes in the stability of keratin, and the special functional groups contained were the same as those of human hair.
INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF SYMBIOTIC STARS. XI. ORBITS FOR SOUTHERN S-TYPE SYSTEMS: HEN 3-461, SY MUS, HEN 3-828, AND AR PAV

Employing new infrared radial velocities, we have computed spectroscopic orbits of the cool giants in four southern S-type symbiotic systems. The orbits for two of the systems, Hen 3-461 and Hen 3-828, have been determined for the first time, while orbits of the other two, SY Mus and AR Pav, have previously been determined. For the latter two systems, we compare our results with those in the literature. The low mass of the secondary of SY Mus suggests that it has gone through a common envelope phase. Hen 3-461 has an orbital period of 2271 days, one of the longest currently known for S-type symbiotic systems. That period is very different from the orbital period proposed previously from its photometric variations. The other three binaries have periods between 600 and 700 day, values that are typical for S-type symbiotic orbits. Basic properties of the M giant components and the distance to each system are determined.
Updates in chronic graft‐versus‐host disease management

Chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGvHD) remains the most important long‐term complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT), but the field has seen significant changes in the last decade. Remarkable advances in the understanding of the biological pathways of cGvHD, lead to the development of targeted therapy with novel drugs thereby minimizing the exposure to harmful corticosteroids, preserving function and mobility, preventing disability, and improving quality of life (QoL) and overall survival (OS). Steroid‐refractory cGvHD management has recently experienced significant improvement since ibrutinib and ruxolitinib were approved for patients that failed at least one line of treatment and belumosudil for patients that failed two lines. These recently approved drugs will be discussed in this review, along with perspectives regarding cGVHD management and additional promising drug in development.
Effect of Clindamycin compared with Ampicillin‐Sulbactam as prophylactic antibiotics for wound infections following major surgery for head and neck cancer: A meta‐analysis

A meta‐analysis examination was implemented to review the effect of Clindamycin compared with Ampicillin‐Sulbactam as prophylactic antibiotics (PAs) management for surgical site wound infections (SSWIs) following major surgery (MS) for head and neck cancer (H&NC). A comprehensive literature examination till May 2023 was done and 1296 interrelated examinations were reviewed. The six elected examinations, enclosed 4293 personals with MS for H&NC were in the utilized examinations' starting point, 1722 of them were utilizing Clindamycin, and 2571 were utilizing Ampicillin‐Sulbactam. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were utilized to appraise the consequence of Clindamycin compared with Ampicillin‐Sulbactam as PAs management for SSWIs following MS for H&NC by the dichotomous approach and a fixed or random model. Clindamycin had significantly higher SSWI compared with Ampicillin‐Sulbactam (OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.40–5.02, p = 0.003) in personals with MS for H&NC. Clindamycin had significantly higher SSWI compared with Ampicillin‐Sulbactam in personals with MS for H&NC. However, caution needs to be taken when interacting with its values because there was a low sample size of some of the chosen examinations and a low number of examinations found for the comparisons in the meta‐analysis.
CHILD IMMIGRANT POST-MIGRATION MENTAL HEALTH: A QUALITATIVE INQUIRY INTO CAREGIVERS’ PERSPECTIVES

Immigrant families and their children experience isolation after migration to Canada. Inadequate income, unemployment, and underemployment have all been identified as primary challenges to the mental health of immigrant families. This study qualitatively explored the perceptions of six Middle Eastern immigrant caregivers regarding their children’s post-migration mental health. The research was situated in the constructivist paradigm, and qualitative descriptive design was used to explore participant experiences. Interviews were conducted in English with three Farsi-speaking and three Arabic-speaking caregivers. Reflexive thematic analysis was performed. Three themes were developed: (a) parents feel their children are isolated and lonely; (b) caregivers’ limited access to resources impacts their children’s mental health; and (c) community connections enhance families’ mental health. Findings suggest children’s experiences with family separation and exposure to racism contributed to children’s loneliness. Children’s isolation was exacerbated by caregivers’ limited access to resources to support their children’s transition into Canada. Caregivers identified social support as an asset to their families’ mental health. This research highlights the importance of culturally responsive health, employment, and education policies, together with programs to provide resources for immigrant families to support their children’s mental health after migration.
A Compact UWB Antenna Design Using Rounded Inverted L-Shaped Slots and Beveled Asymmetrical Patch

A compact ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with simple structure is presented. To achieve UWB performance with a compact size, two open ended rounded inverted L-shaped slots are etched on the square ground plane. Moreover, further bandwidth enhancement is obtained by cutting a bevel on the asymmetrical radiating patch. The antenna is fed by a 50 Ω microstrip line and has a small size of 28 × 28 × 1.6 mm3. The simulation timeand frequency-domain results obtained from HFSS simulator package are verified by experimental measurements. Both simulated and measured results show that the antenna can provide a wide impedance bandwidth of more than 129% from 2.7 to 12.55 GHz with −10dB reflection coefficient. Besides, it is shown that by introducing several antenna designs, the impedance bandwidth can be enhanced from 58% to 129%. The effects of the key design parameters on the antenna impedance bandwidth are also investigated and discussed. Measured results for the reflection coefficient, far-field radiation patterns, radiation efficiency, gain, and group delay of the designed antenna over the UWB spectrum are presented and discussed. Measured data show good concordance with the numerical results. Also, the fidelity factor is calculated in both Eand H-plane by using CST Microwave Studio. The obtained results in both timeand frequency-domain indicate that the antenna is a good option for UWB applications.
Efficiency of probiotic culture consortium application for disinfection of dairy farm premises and prevention of mastitis in cows

Objective: In this work, the effect of probiotics on the state of the microbial background of the livestock building, on the state of udder teats, and on the prevalence of latent mastitis was investigated. Long-term use of the consortium has bactericidal activity against all cultures studied, especially the causative agent of mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus, except Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, and Escherichia coli. Materials and Methods: The washes from animal housings and milk samples were collected from the dairy farms “Astana-Onim” Joint Stock Company and “Rodina” Limited Liability Partnership (Kazakhstan). The cleaning solutions and probiotic agents were applied directly to the udder teats of cows before and after milking. Diagnosis of subclinical mastitis was performed using the Kenotest rapid mastitis test. Directly counting the number of somatic cells in the collected milk samples from each cow was performed on a somatic cell counter. Results: Pathogenic microorganisms, including S. aureus bacteria (50% of samples) and bacteria of the E. coli group, Enterobacter aerogenes, and P. mirabilis (36% of samples), were detected on the udder skin and milk wipes. Using a consortium of probiotic microorganisms positively affects the mammary gland more quickly than using mastitis prevention agents alone. Probiotic use for a month resulted in a significant improvement in udder teat condition, with 60.7% of teats showing normal physiological reaction to milking, a decrease in complicated hyperkeratosis, and an increase in uncomplicated mastitis. The studies showed that in the experimental group, there was a 1.5-fold reduction in the number of cows with clinically pronounced mastitis. The experimental group showed no significant changes in the number of animals with high somatic cell levels before and after the study, while the control group without probiotics had a significant increase in diseased animals after 1 month. Conclusion: The use of a probiotic consortium has shown promising results in reducing the incidence of mastitis and improving milk quality in cows.
The limitations of gradient descent as a principle of brain function

The idea that the brain functions in a way that minimizes certain costs pervades theoretical neuroscience. Since a cost function by itself does not predict how the brain finds its minima, additional assumptions about the optimization method are usually made in order to obtain predictions about physiological quantities. In this context, steepest ascent or descent is often suggested as a biologically implemented optimization algorithm. However, the notion of a steepest direction depends on the choice of a Riemannian metric. Since this choice involves infinite degrees of freedom, the predictive power of models that are based on this principle can be called into question. Despite its great success in machine learning, especially in training deep neural networks, arguments about brain function that rely on gradient-based optimization have to be closely examined.
The Evolution of Finite Vorticity Strips using a Non-Divergent Barotropic Model

There have been several studies that examine the breakdown of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The dry dynamics of ITCZ breakdown has been examined using shallow-water equations (SWE) on an fplane (Guinn and Schubert, 1993), using the SWE on a sphere (Ferreira and Schubert, 1997), and using a primitive equation model (Wang and Magnusdottir, 2005). Wang et al. (2010) examined the process in a moist atmosphere.
A NOVEL PROTOCOL FOR RAPID DEPLOYMENT OF HEART RATE DATA STORAGE TAGS IN ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA THUNNUS THYNNUS REVEALS CARDIAC RESPONSES TO TEMPERATURE AND FEEDING.

The Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABFT) is a highly prized species of large pelagic fish. Studies of their environmental physiology may improve understanding and management of their populations, but this is difficult for mature adults because of their large size. Biologging of heart rate holds promise in investigating physiological responses to environmental conditions in free-swimming fishes but it is very challenging to anaesthetise large ABFT for invasive surgery to place a tag in the body cavity near to the heart. We describe a novel method for rapid deployment of a commercially available heart rate tag (HR-tag) on ABFT, using an atraumatic trocar to implant it in the musculature associated with the cleithrum. We performed three sequential experiments to show that the tagging method 1) is consistently repeatable and reliable; 2) can be used successfully on commercial fishing boats and does not seem to affect fish survival, and 3) is effective for long-term deployments. In experiment 3, a tag logged heart rate over 80 days on a 60-kg ABFT held in a farm cage. The logged data showed that heart rate was sensitive to prevailing seasonal temperature and feeding events. At low temperatures, there were clear responses to feeding but these all disappeared above a threshold temperature of 25.5 °C. Overall, the results show that our method is simple, rapid and repeatable, and can be used for long term experiments to investigate physiological responses by large ABFT to environmental conditions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Statistical resolution limit: application to passive polarized source localization

This paper considers the evaluation of the so-called Co-centered Orthogonal Loop and Dipole Uniform and Linear Array (COLD-ULA) performance by mean of the Statistical Resolution Limit (SRL). The SRL adressed herein is based on the estimation accuracy. Toward this end, nonmatrix closed form expressions of the Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB) are derived and thus, the SRL is deduced by an adequat change of variable formula. Finally, concluding remarks and a comparaison between the SRL of the COLD-ULA and the ULA are given. In particular, we show that, in the case where the sources are orthogonal, the SRL for the COLD-ULA is equal to the SRL for the ULA, meaning that it is not a function of polarisation parameters. Furthermore, thanks to the derived SRL, we show that generally the performance of the COLD-ULA is better than the performance of the ULA.
Robust variable selection in finite mixture of regression models using the t distribution

Abstract Variable selection in finite mixture of regression (FMR) models is frequently used in statistical modeling. The majority of applications of variable selection in FMR models use a normal distribution for regression error. Such assumptions are unsuitable for a set of data containing a group or groups of observations with heavy tails and outliers. In this paper, we introduce a robust variable selection procedure for FMR models using the t distribution. With appropriate selection of the tuning parameters, the consistency and the oracle property of the regularized estimators are established. To estimate the parameters of the model, we develop an EM algorithm for numerical computations and a method for selecting tuning parameters adaptively. The parameter estimation performance of the proposed model is evaluated through simulation studies. The application of the proposed model is illustrated by analyzing a real data set.