Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
More Than an Itch: An Unusual Cause of Severe Anemia in a 5-Year-Old

A 5-year-old girl was brought in to the emergency department (ED) by emergency medical services after a syncopal episode. She was at home with family, sitting in the living room, when she stood up and quickly fell to floor. A family member felt her pulse, reported it to be weak and performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation for 2 minutes, she then started to arouse. Prior to this event, she was fatigued with decreased oral intake and nonspecific abdominal pain for several days. She complained of shortness of breath earlier that day and also had one episode of nonbloody, nonbilious emesis. Prior to this event, she was in her usual state of health except for an active head lice (Pediculosis capitis) infestation over the last 2 months. Her mother used an over-the-counter permethrin rinse 3 times, followed the instructions for repeat applications a week apart and combed out the lice as directed but it did not resolve and in fact her family also had head lice infestations. Despite the failed treatment, the patient never saw her pediatrician or a school nurse as she was currently learning from home during the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. In the ED, she was tachycardic to the 150s with blood pressures within normal limits and febrile up to 38.8°C. Physical examination was concerning for generalized and conjunctival pallor, tachycardia, thready radial pulses, 1/6 vibratory systolic murmur, mild tachypnea, and delayed capillary refill in addition to a severe lice burden consisting of live organisms and eggs visualized in her scalp, hair, and extending down the length of her hair. There was hyperpigmentation on the nape of the neck with healed excoriations. Complete blood cell count (CBC) was remarkable for microcytic anemia, with hemoglobin of 2.5 g/dL and mean corpuscular volume of 65.3 fL. Iron studies were then added as there was a concern for severe anemia secondary to iron deficiency versus possible malignancy (Table 1). Upon further questioning, the patient’s diet history was reported to be varied including vegetables, fruits, meats, and cheeses. Her mother stated she did not drink much milk and although she liked to eat ice chips, she denied ingestion of nonfood substances. Her electrocardiogram was remarkable for sinus tachycardia at 144 bpm but otherwise negative. Chest x-ray was negative for cardiomegaly but did show a left lower lobe opacity which was questionable for pneumonia versus atelectasis. Hematology was then consulted for further management. Slow replenishment with packed red blood cells at a dose of 5 ml/kg was recommended. Given the degree of anemia with persistent tachycardia, she was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit for further observation and management.
The Complexity of Stuttering Behavior in Adults and Adolescents: Relationship to Age, Severity, Mental Health, Impact of Stuttering, and Behavioral Treatment Outcome.

PURPOSE This study investigated the complexity of stuttering behavior. It described and classified the complexity of stuttering behavior in relation to age, behavioral treatment outcomes, stuttering severity, anxiety-related mental health, impact of stuttering, and gender. METHOD For this study, a taxonomy was developed-LBDL-C7-which was based on the Lidcombe Behavioral Data Language of stuttering. It was used by five experienced judges to analyze the complexity of stuttering behavior for 84 adults and adolescents before and after speech restructuring treatment. Data were 3,100 stuttering moments, which were analyzed with nominal logistic regression. RESULTS The complexity of stuttering behavior appears not to change as a result of treatment, but it does appear to change with advancing age. Complexity of stuttering behavior was found to be independently associated with clinician stuttering severity scores but not with percentage of syllables stuttered or self-reported stuttering severity. Complexity of stuttering behavior was not associated with gender, anxiety, or impact of stuttering. CONCLUSION Clinical and research applications of these findings are discussed.
Quantitative Collateral Assessment on CTP in the Prediction of Stroke Etiology

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Patients with stroke etiology of large-artery atherosclerosis were thought to have better collateral circulation compared with patients with other stroke etiologies. We aimed to investigate the association between stroke etiology and collateral circulation with a new quantitative collateral assessment method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study reviewed data from consecutive patients with proximal anterior artery occlusion who underwent CTP before reperfusion therapy. CBF maps were derived from CTP. A new indicator, maximum CBF of collateral vessels within the Sylvian fissure (cCBFmax), was applied to quantitatively assess the collateral status. The relationship between collateral status and stroke etiology was investigated. RESULTS: A total of 296 patients were finally analyzed. The median cCBFmax was significantly higher in patients with large-artery atherosclerosis than in those without it (92 [interquartile range, 65–123] mL/100 g/min versus 62 [interquartile range, 46–82] mL/100 g/min; P < .001). Multivariable analysis revealed that a higher cCBFmax score was independently associated with large-artery atherosclerosis etiology (OR, 1.010; 95% CI, 1.002–1.018; P = .017) after adjustment. The area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity of the final model in predicting the etiology of large-artery atherosclerosis were 0.870, 89.7%, and 75.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with large-artery atherosclerosis had a more adequate collateral perfusion supply with the new quantitative collateral assessment. The new quantitative collateral measurement might contribute to the prediction of stroke etiology in the acute clinical scenario for patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Artificial intelligence and digital health for volume maintenance in hemodialysis patients

Chronic fluid overload is associated with morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of fluid overload remains a priority for the nephrology community. Although current methods of assessing fluid status, such as bioimpedance and lung ultrasound, have prognostic and diagnostic value, no single system or technique can be used to maintain euvolemia. The difficulty in maintaining and assessing fluid status led to a publication by the Kidney Health Initiative in 2019 aimed at fostering innovation in fluid management therapies. This review article focuses on the current limitations in our assessment of extracellular volume, and the novel technology and methods that can create a new paradigm for fluid management. The cardiology community has published research on multiparametric wearable devices that can create individualized predictions for heart failure events. In the future, similar wearable technology may be capable of tracking fluid changes during the interdialytic period and enabling behavioral change. Machine learning methods have shown promise in the prediction of volume‐related adverse events. Similar methods can be leveraged to create accurate, automated predictions of dry weight that can potentially be used to guide ultrafiltration targets and interdialytic weight gain goals.
Shiftless, a Critical Piece of the Innate Immune Response to Viral Infection

Since its initial characterization in 2016, the interferon stimulated gene Shiftless (SHFL) has proven to be a critical piece of the innate immune response to viral infection. SHFL expression stringently restricts the replication of multiple DNA, RNA, and retroviruses with an extraordinary diversity of mechanisms that differ from one virus to the next. These inhibitory strategies include the negative regulation of viral RNA stability, translation, and even the manipulation of RNA granule formation during viral infection. Even more surprisingly, SHFL is the first human protein found to directly inhibit the activity of the -1 programmed ribosomal frameshift, a translation recoding strategy utilized across nearly all domains of life and several human viruses. Recent literature has shown that SHFL expression also significantly impacts viral pathogenesis in mouse models, highlighting its in vivo efficacy. To help reconcile the many mechanisms by which SHFL restricts viral replication, we provide here a comprehensive review of this complex ISG, its influence over viral RNA fate, and the implications of its functions on the virus-host arms race for control of the cell.
The urocortin peptides: biological relevance and laboratory aspects of UCN3 and its receptor

Abstract The urocortins are polypeptides belonging to the corticotropin-releasing hormone family, known to modulate stress responses in mammals. Stress, whether induced physically or psychologically, is an underlying cause or consequence of numerous clinical syndromes. Identifying biological markers associated with the homeostatic regulation of stress could provide a clinical laboratory approach for the management of stress-related disorders. The neuropeptide, urocortin 3 (UCN3), and the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRHR2) constitute a regulatory axis known to mediate stress homeostasis. Dysregulation of this peptide/receptor axis is believed to play a role in several clinical conditions including post-traumatic stress, sleep apnea, cardiovascular disease, and other health problems related to stress. Understanding the physiology and measurement of the UCN3/CRHR2 axis is important for establishing a viable clinical laboratory diagnostic. In this article, we focus on evidence supporting the role of UCN3 and its receptor in stress-related clinical syndromes. We also provide insight into the measurements of UCN3 in blood and urine. These potential biomarkers provide new opportunities for clinical research and applications of laboratory medicine diagnostics in stress management.
Infection Route Impacts the Pathogenesis of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Ferrets

The threat of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) to public health has been increasing due to the rapid spread of the ticks that carry the causative viral agent. The SFTS virus (SFTSV) was first identified in China and subsequently detected in neighboring countries, including South Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. In addition to the tick-mediated infection, human-to-human transmission has been recently reported with a high mortality rate; however, differential study of the pathogen has been limited by the route of infection. In this study, we investigated the pathogenic potential of SFTSV based on the infection route in aged ferrets, which show clinical signs similar to that of human infections. Ferrets inoculated with SFTSV via the intramuscular and subcutaneous routes show clinical signs comparable to those of severe human infections, with a mortality rate of 100%. Contrastingly, intravascularly infected ferrets exhibit a comparatively lower mortality rate of 25%, although their early clinical signs are similar to those observed following infection via the other routes. These results indicate that the infection route could influence the onset of SFTS symptoms and the pathogenicity of SFTSV. Thus, infection route should be considered in future studies on the pathogenesis of SFTSV infection.
Vaccine breakthrough infections in a highly-vaccinated Australian population during a SARS-CoV-2 Delta outbreak.

Abstract Over 80% of residents in the Australian Capital Territory were fully vaccinated within 10 weeks of a SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant outbreak. Of the outbreak's 1,545 cases, 10% were breakthrough infections. The incidence of infections among fully- and partially-vaccinated people was 98.5% and 90% lower, respectively, than for unvaccinated people.
Triality selection rules of Octonion and Quantum Mechanics

We apply the Cartan's supersymmetric model to the electromagnetic and weak interaction of leptons and hadrons, and study dynamics of $\pi^0,\eta,\eta'$ meson and Higgs boson. We adopt the Clifford algebra, express Pauli spinors by quaternions, Dirac spinors by octonions, and take into account the supersymmetric transformations $G_{ij}$ and $G_{ijk}$ of Cartan. When Higgs boson is assigned as Cartan's spinor pairs $\Psi=\bar\psi\psi$ or $\Phi=\bar\phi\phi$, its decay into $\gamma\gamma\gamma\gamma$ does not occur, but there appear 8 diagrams of $\Psi\to\gamma\gamma$ and 8 diagrams of $\Phi\to\gamma\gamma$. If our world matter makes 4.6\% of the total matter, and we can interpret the matter transformed by $G_{23},G_{12},G_{123},G_{13}, G_{132}$ or about 5 times of our matter, i.e. 23\% corresponds to dark matter. We can assign the world transformed by $G_{12}, G_{123}, G_{13}$ and $G_{132}$, which make about 2/3 of the total corresponds to the dark energy. Experimentally, 72\% of the total matter corresponds to dark energy.
Loss of adipose TET proteins enhances β-adrenergic responses and protects against obesity by epigenetic regulation of β3-AR expression

Significance The β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) is a major regulator of energy expenditure that triggers lipolysis and thermogenesis in adipose tissue, thereby significantly attenuating the risk of obesity. Obesity is associated with diminished β3-AR expression and decreased β-adrenergic responses, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins, the crucial modifiers of DNA methylation, act as epigenetic suppressors of β3-AR in adipocytes by recruiting histone deacetylases to its promoter, thereby reducing the sensitivity to β-adrenergic stimulation. Adipose-specific ablation of all TET proteins in mice prevents body weight gain and metabolic disorders under high-fat diet challenge via enhanced fat browning, lipolysis, and thermogenesis. Modulation of adipocyte TET proteins may provide a new therapeutic avenue to treat obesity.
The many faces of anthropogenic subsidence

Description Shallow and deep human subsurface activities contribute to the total subsidence Human-induced subsidence clearly causes social problems, is costly, and poses flooding and damage threats (1). Less evident is how much each spatially and temporally superimposed human subsurface activity contributes to total subsidence. Subsidence is often caused by an accumulation of multiple shallow and deep subsurface activities, such as groundwater withdrawal and hydrocarbon extraction (2). This complex challenge is well known but has not been properly addressed. A turning point has now been reached at which advanced monitoring strategies and physics-based models can be used in concert to clarify the subsidence contribution of each human intervention. Identifying these causal relationships between human interventions and subsidence helps to establish overarching responsibilities and to better develop science-based site-specific prevention and mitigation strategies.
LRR-CED: low-resolution reconstruction-aware convolutional encoder–decoder network for direct sparse-view CT image reconstruction

Objective. Sparse-view computed tomography (CT) reconstruction has been at the forefront of research in medical imaging. Reducing the total x-ray radiation dose to the patient while preserving the reconstruction accuracy is a big challenge. The sparse-view approach is based on reducing the number of rotation angles, which leads to poor quality reconstructed images as it introduces several artifacts. These artifacts are more clearly visible in traditional reconstruction methods like the filtered-backprojection (FBP) algorithm. Approach. Over the years, several model-based iterative and more recently deep learning-based methods have been proposed to improve sparse-view CT reconstruction. Many deep learning-based methods improve FBP-reconstructed images as a post-processing step. In this work, we propose a direct deep learning-based reconstruction that exploits the information from low-dimensional scout images, to learn the projection-to-image mapping. This is done by concatenating FBP scout images at multiple resolutions in the decoder part of a convolutional encoder–decoder (CED). Main results. This approach is investigated on two different networks, based on Dense Blocks and U-Net to show that a direct mapping can be learned from a sinogram to an image. The results are compared to two post-processing deep learning methods (FBP-ConvNet and DD-Net) and an iterative method that uses a total variation (TV) regularization. Significance. This work presents a novel method that uses information from both sinogram and low-resolution scout images for sparse-view CT image reconstruction. We also generalize this idea by demonstrating results with two different neural networks. This work is in the direction of exploring deep learning across the various stages of the image reconstruction pipeline involving data correction, domain transfer and image improvement.
Genomic analysis of Rad26 and Rad1–Rad10 reveals differences in their dependence on Mediator and RNA polymerase II

Mediator is a conserved coregulator playing a key role in RNA polymerase (Pol) II transcription. Mediator also links transcription and nucleotide excision repair (NER) via a direct contact with Rad2/ERCC5(XPG) endonuclease. In this work, we analyzed the genome-wide distribution of Rad26/ERCC6(CSB) and Rad1–Rad10/ERCC4(XPF)-ERCC1, addressing the question of a potential link of these proteins with Mediator and Pol II in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our genomic analyses reveal that Rad1–Rad10 and Rad26 are present on the yeast genome in the absence of genotoxic stress, especially at highly transcribed regions, with Rad26 binding strongly correlating with that of Pol II. Moreover, we show that Rad1–Rad10 and Rad26 colocalize with Mediator at intergenic regions and physically interact with this complex. Using kin28 TFIIH mutant, we found that Mediator stabilization on core promoters leads to an increase in Rad1–Rad10 chromatin binding, whereas Rad26 occupancy follows mainly a decrease in Pol II transcription. Combined with multivariate analyses, our results show the relationships between Rad1–Rad10, Rad26, Mediator, and Pol II, modulated by the changes in binding dynamics of Mediator and Pol II transcription. In conclusion, we extend the Mediator link to Rad1–Rad10 and Rad26 NER proteins and reveal important differences in their dependence on Mediator and Pol II. Rad2 is the most dependent on Mediator, followed by Rad1–Rad10, whereas Rad26 is the most closely related to Pol II. Our work thus contributes to new concepts of the functional interplay between transcription and DNA repair machineries, which are relevant for human diseases including cancer and XP/CS syndromes.
The state of PSA counseling in male‐to‐female transgender patients in the U.S.

Morbidity and mortality from prostate cancer (PCa) are known to vary heavily based on socioeconomic and demographic risk factors. We sought to describe prescreening PSA (prostate‐specific antigen) counseling (PPC) rates amongst male‐to‐female transgender (MtF‐TG) patients and non‐TG patients using the behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS).
Sexually transmitted infection prevention behaviours: health impact, prevalence, correlates, and interventions

Abstract Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a major public health threat, disproportionately affecting young people, and men who have sex with men. In this narrative review of the current state of behavioural science research on STI prevention, we consider the definition, health impacts, correlates and determinants, and interventions to promote STI prevention behaviour. Research on STI prevention behaviour has extended from a focus on abstinence, partner reduction and condom use, to also include novel preventive behaviours, notably treatment-as-prevention, pre-exposure prophylaxis (i.e., the preventive use of medicines by uninfected people), and vaccination for some STIs. Social-cognitive factors specified by, for instance the theory of planned behaviour, are critical proximal determinants of STI prevention behaviours, and related interventions can effectively promote STI prevention behaviours. Social-ecological perspectives highlight that individual-level determinants are embedded in more distal environmental influences, with social stigma especially affecting STI prevention behaviours and requiring effective intervention. Further to providing a major domain of application, STI prevention also poses critical challenges and opportunities for health psychology theory and research. We identify a need for health behaviour theory that addresses the processes linking multiple levels of influence on behaviour and provides practical guidance for multi-level behaviour change interventions adapted to specific contexts.
Vers une formalisation des décompositions sémantiques dans la Grammaire d’Unification Sens-Texte

Nous proposons une formalisation de la décomposition du sens dans le cadre de la Grammaire d’Unification Sens-Texte. Cette formalisation vise une meilleure intégration des décompositions sémantiques dans un modèle global de la langue. Elle repose sur un jeu de saturation de polarités qui permet de contrôler la construction des représentations décomposées ainsi que leur mise en correspondance avec des arbres syntaxiques qui les expriment. Le formalisme proposé est illustré ici dans une perspective de synthèse, mais il s’applique également en analyse.
Cultivated hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida var. major) genome sheds light on the evolution of Maleae (apple tribe).

Cultivated hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida var. major) is an important medicinal and edible plant with a long history of use for health protection in China. Herein, we provide a de novo chromosome-level genome sequence of the hawthorn cultivar 'Qiu Jinxing'. We assembled an 823.41 Mb genome encoding 40,571 genes and further anchored the 779.24 Mb sequence into 17 pseudo-chromosomes, which account for 94.64% of the assembled genome. Phylogenomic analyses revealed that cultivated hawthorn diverged within the Maleae (apple tribe) from the combined clades of Malus and Pyrus at approximately 11.8 Mya. Notably, genes involved in the flavonoid and triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways have been significantly amplified in the hawthorn genome. In addition, our results indicated that the Maleae share a unique ancient tetraploidization event; however, no recent independent whole-genome duplication event was specifically detected in hawthorn. The amplification of long terminal repeat retrotransposons (e.g., Ty3/gypsy) contributed the most to the expansion of the hawthorn genome. Furthermore, we identified two paleo-sub-genomes in extant species of Maleae and found that these two sub-genomes showed different rearrangement mechanisms. We also reconstructed the ancestral chromosomes of Rosaceae and discussed two possible paleo-polyploid origin patterns (autopolyploidization or allopolyploidization) of Maleae. Overall, our study provides an improved context for understanding the evolution of Maleae species, and this new high-quality reference genome provides a useful resource for the horticultural improvement of hawthorn. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.