Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the self-regulation of intense star-formation in galaxies at z = 1−3

(abridged) We have analyzed the properties of the rest-frame optical emission lines of a sample of 53 intensely star forming galaxies at z=1.3 to 2.7 observed with SINFONI on the ESO-VLT. We find large velocity dispersions in the lines, sigma=30-250 km/s. Our data agree well with simulations where we applied beam-smearing and assumed a scaling relation of the form: velocity dispersion is proportional to the square root of the star-formation intensity (star-formation rate per unit area). We conclude that the dispersions are primarily driven by star formation. To explain the high surface brightness and optical line ratios, high thermal pressures in the warm ionized medium, WIM, are required (log P/k (K/cm^3)>~6-7). Such thermal pressures in the WIM are similar to those observed in nearby starburst galaxies, but occur over much larger physical scales. Moreover, the relatively low ionization parameters necessary to fit the high surface brightnesses and optical line ratios suggest that the gas is not only directly associated with regions of star formation, but is wide spread throughout the general ISM. Thus the optical emission line gas is a tracer of the large scale dynamics of the bulk of the ISM. We present a simple model for the energy input from young stars in an accreting galaxy, to argue that the intense star-formation is supporting high turbulent pressure, which roughly balances the gravitational pressure and thus enables distant gas accreting disks to maintain a Toomre disk instability parameter Q~1. For a star formation efficiency of 3%, only 5-15% of the mechanical energy from young stars that is deposited in the ISM is needed to support the level of turbulence required for maintaining this balance. Since this balance is maintained by energy injected into the ISM by the young stars themselves, this suggests that star formation in high redshift galaxies is self-regulating.
Quantum discord of two-qubit X states

Quantum discord provides a measure for quantifying quantum correlations beyond entanglement and is very hard to compute even for two-qubit states because of the minimization over all possible measurements. Recently a simple algorithm to evaluate the quantum discord for two-qubit X states was proposed by Ali, Rau, and Alber [Phys. Rev. A 81, 042105 (2010)] with minimization taken over only a few cases. Here we shall at first identify a class of X states, whose quantum discord can be evaluated analytically without any minimization, for which their algorithm is valid, and also identify a family of X states for which their algorithm fails. And then we demonstrate that this special family of X states provides furthermore an explicit example for the inequivalence between the minimization over positive operator-valued measures and that over von Neumann measurements.
A NEW ULTRALUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCE IN THE NEARBY EDGE-ON SPIRAL NGC 891

We report the discovery of a new candidate ultraluminous X-ray source in the nearby edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 891. The source, which has an absorbed flux of Fx ∼ 1 × 10−12 erg s cm−2 (corresponding to an Lx ≳ 1040 erg s−1 at 9 Mpc), must have begun its outburst in the past five years as it is not detected in prior X-ray observations between 1986 and 2006. We try empirical fits to the XMM-Newton spectrum, finding that the spectrum is fit very well as emission from a hot disk, a cool irradiated disk, or blurred reflection from the innermost region of the disk. The simplest physically motivated model with an excellent fit is a hot disk around a stellar-mass black hole (a super-Eddington outburst), but equally good fits are found for each model. We suggest several follow-up experiments that could falsify these models.
Phenethyl Isothiocyanate-Conjugated Chitosan Oligosaccharide Nanophotosensitizers for Photodynamic Treatment of Human Cancer Cells

The aim of this study is to synthesize phenethyl-conjugated chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) (abbreviated as ChitoPEITC) conjugates and then fabricate chlorin E6 (Ce6)-incorporated nanophotosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of HCT-116 colon carcinoma cells. PEITC was conjugated with the amine group of COS. Ce6-incorporated nanophotosensitizers using ChitoPEITC (ChitoPEITC nanophotosensitizers) were fabricated by dialysis method. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra showed that specific peaks of COS and PEITC were observed at ChitoPEITC conjugates. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) confirmed that ChitoPEITC nanophotosensitizers have spherical shapes with small hydrodynamic diameters less than 200 nm. The higher PEITC contents in the ChitoPEITC copolymer resulted in a slower release rate of Ce6 from nanophotosensitizers. Furthermore, the higher Ce6 contents resulted in a slower release rate of Ce6. In cell culture study, ChitoPEITC nanophotosensitizers showed low toxicity against normal CCD986Sk human skin fibroblast cells and HCT-116 human colon carcinoma cells in the absence of light irradiation. ChitoPEITC nanophotosensitizers showed a significantly higher Ce6 uptake ratio than that of free Ce6. Under light irradiation, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of nanophotosensitizers was significantly higher than that of free Ce6. Especially, PEITC and/or ChitoPEITC themselves contributed to the production of cellular ROS regardless of light irradiation. ChitoPEITC nanophotosensitizers showed significantly higher PDT efficacy against HCT-116 cells than that of free Ce6. These results indicate that ChitoPEITC nanophotosensitizers have superior potential in Ce6 uptake, ROS production and PDT efficacy. In the HCT-116 cell-bearing mice tumor-xenograft model, ChitoPEITC nanophotosensitizers efficiently inhibited growth of tumor volume rather than free Ce6. In the animal imaging study, ChitoPEITC nanophotosensitizers were concentrated in the tumor tissue, i.e., fluorescence intensity in the tumor tissue was stronger than that of other tissues. We suggest that ChitoPEITC nanophotosensitizers are a promising candidate for the treatment of human colon cancer cells.
Simple proof of the quantum benchmark fidelity for continuous-variable quantum devices

An experimental success criterion for continuous-variable quantum teleportation and memory is to surpass the limit of the average fidelity achieved by classical measure-and-prepare schemes with respect to a Gaussian-distributed set of coherent states. We present an alternative proof of the classical limit based on the familiar notions of state-channel duality and partial transposition. The present method enables us to produce a quantum-domain criterion associated with a given set of measured fidelities.
Holographic c-Function

We propose a simple and generic holographic $c$-function that is defined purely from geometry by using the non-affine expansion for null congruences. We examined the proposal for BPS black solutions in $\mathcal{N}=2$ gauged supergravity that interpolate between two different dimensional AdS spacetimes and also for domain wall solutions. Moreover, we commented on the relation of this geometric proposal with the one from the holographic entanglement entropy.
Lagrangian Overturning Pathways in the Eastern Subpolar North Atlantic

The strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) at subpolar latitudes is dominated by water mass transformation in the eastern Subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA). However, the distribution of this overturning across the individual circulation pathways of both the Subpolar Gyre (SPG) and the Nordic seas overflows remains poorly understood. Here, we introduce a novel Lagrangian measure of the density-space overturning to quantify the principal pathways of the time-mean overturning circulation within an eddy-permitting ocean model hindcast. By tracing the trajectories of water parcels initialised from the northward inflows across the OSNAP East section, we show that water mass transformation along the pathways of the eastern SPG accounts for 55% of the mean strength of the eastern subpolar AMOC. Water parcels following the dominant SPG pathway, sourced from the Sub-Arctic Front, form upper North Atlantic Deep Water by circulating horizontally across sloping isopycnals in less than 2 years. A slower SPG route, entrained by overflow waters south of the Iceland-Faroes Ridge, is a crucial conduit for subtropical-origin water masses to penetrate the deep ocean on subdecadal timescales. On reproducing our findings using time-averaged velocity and hydrographic fields, we further show that the Nordic seas overflow pathways integrate multiple decades of water mass transformation before returning across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge. We propose that the strong disparity between the overturning timescales of the SPG (interannual) and the Nordic seas overflows (multi-decadal) has important implications for the propagation of density anomalies within the eastern SPNA and hence the sources of AMOC variability.
Rotation Curve with MOND and Dark Matter Halo profile for ESO138-G014

This paper is devoted to solve the galactic rotation problem for ESO138-G014 galaxy based on two theories: dark matter and Modified Newtonian Dynamics. Here we did the rotation curve analysis with two possible choices for the dark matter density profile, namely Burkert and Navarro, Frenk and White profiles. The analysis shows the dark matter distribution favored to Burkert profile (cored dark matter). The standard hypothesis for most spiral galaxies are known to be embedded in dark matter haloes has now been overshadowed by Modified Newtonian Dynamics, known as MOND, the leading alternative of dark matter. MOND addresses the problem of a new fundamental constant $a_0$, called the acceleration constant, at which acceleration scale of Newton second law fails to hold. In this respect, we investigate this issue by testing the rotation curve within the MOND framework with the observations to obtain the reliable disk mass, $M_D$. We investigate whether ESO138-G014 is compatible with MOND or dark matter is still favorable for the galactic rotation problem.
Symmetric extension in two-way quantum key distribution

We introduce symmetric extensions of bipartite quantum states as a tool for analyzing protocols that distill secret key from quantum correlations. Whether the correlations are coming from a prepare-and-measure quantum key distribution scheme or from an entanglement-based scheme, the protocol has to produce effective states without a symmetric extension in order to succeed. By formulating the symmetric extension problem as a semidefinite program, we solve the problem for Bell-diagonal states. Applying this result to the six-state and Bennett-Brassard 1984 schemes, we show that for the entangled states that cannot be distilled by current key distillation procedures, the failure can be understood in terms of a failure to break a symmetric extension.
Inverse Compton X-ray signature of AGN feedback

Bright AGN frequently show ultra-fast outflows (UFOs) with outflow velocities vout ~0.1c. These outflows may be the source of AGN feedback on their host galaxies sought by galaxy formation modellers. The exact effect of the outflows on the ambient galaxy gas strongly depends on whether the shocked UFOs cool rapidly or not. This in turn depends on whether the shocked electrons share the same temperature as ions (one temperature regime; 1T) or decouple (2T), as has been recently suggested. Here we calculate the Inverse Compton spectrum emitted by such shocks, finding a broad feature potentially detectable either in mid-to-high energy X-rays (1T case) or only in the soft X-rays (2T). We argue that current observations of AGN do not seem to show evidence for the 1T component. The limits on the 2T emission are far weaker, and in fact it is possible that the observed soft X-ray excess of AGN is partially or fully due to the 2T shock emission. This suggests that UFOs are in the energy-driven regime outside the central few pc, and must pump considerable amounts of not only momentum but also energy into the ambient gas. We encourage X-ray observers to look for the Inverse Compton components calculated here in order to constrain AGN feedback models further.
Geometrical Underpinning of Finite Dimensional Hilbert space

Finite geometry is employed to underpin operators in finite, d, dimensional Hilbert space. The central role of mutual unbiased bases (MUB) states projectors is exhibited. Interrelation among operators in Hilbert space, revealed through their (finite) dual affine plane geometry (DAPG) underpinning is studied. Transcription to (finite) affine plane geometry (APG) is given and utilized for their interpretation.
An Alternative to Moment Closure

Moment closure methods are widely used to analyze mathematical models. They are specifically geared toward derivation of approximations of moments of stochastic models, and of similar quantities in other models. The methods possess several weaknesses: Conditions for validity of the approximations are not known, magnitudes of approximation errors are not easily evaluated, spurious solutions are generated that require large efforts to eliminate, expressions for the approximations are in many cases too complex to be useful. We describe an alternative method that provides improvements in these regards. The new method leads to asymptotic approximations of the first few cumulants that are explicit in the model’s parameters. We analyze the univariate stochastic logistic Verhulst model and a bivariate stochastic epidemic SIR model with the new method. Errors that were made in early applications of moment closure to the Verhulst model are explained and corrected.
Graphene Plasmonics: Challenges and Opportunities

Graphene plasmons are rapidly emerging as a viable tool for fast electrical manipulation of light. The prospects for applications to electro-optical modulation, optical sensing, quantum plasmonics, light harvesting, spectral photometry, and tunable lighting at the nanoscale are further stimulated by the relatively low level of losses and high degree of spatial confinement that characterize these excitations compared with conventional plasmonic materials, alongside the large nonlinear response of graphene. We start with a general description of the plasmonic behavior of extended graphene, followed by analytical methods that lead to reasonably accurate estimates of both the plasmon energies and the strengths of coupling to external light in graphene nanostructures, including graphene ribbons. Although graphene plasmons have so far been observed at mid-infrared and longer wavelengths, there are several possible strategies to extend them toward the visible and near-infrared, including a reduction in the size .
A Noninvasive Magnetic Stimulator Utilizing Secondary Ferrite Cores and Resonant Structures for Field Enhancement

In this paper, secondary ferrite cores and resonant structures have been used for field enhancement. The tissue was placed between the double square source coil and the secondary ferrite core. Resonant coils were added which aided in modulating the electric field in the tissue. The field distribution in the tissue was measured using electromagnetic simulations and ex-vivo measurements with tissue. Calculations involve the use of finite element analysis (Ansoft HFSS) to represent the electrical properties of the physical structure. The setup was compared to a conventional design in which the secondary ferrite cores were absent. It was found that the induced electric field could be increased by 122%, when ferrite cores were placed below the tissue at 450 kHz source frequency. The induced electric field was found to be localized in the tissue, verified using ex-vivo experiments. This preliminary study maybe further extended to establish the verified proposed concept with different complicated body parts modelled using the software and in-vivo experiments as required to obtain the desired induced field.
DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION IN MAIN-SEQUENCE SOLAR-LIKE STARS: QUALITATIVE INFERENCE FROM ASTEROSEISMIC DATA

Understanding differential rotation of Sun-like stars is of great importance for insight into the angular momentum transport in these stars. One means of gaining such information is that of asteroseismology. By a forward modeling approach we analyze in a qualitative manner the impact of different differential rotation profiles on the splittings of p-mode oscillation frequencies. The optimum modes for inference on differential rotation are identified along with the best value of the stellar inclination angle. We find that in general it is not likely that asteroseismology can be used to make an unambiguous distinction between a rotation profile such as a conical Sun-like profile and a cylindrical profile. In addition, it seems unlikely that asteroseismology of Sun-like stars will result in inferences on the radial profile of the differential rotation, such as can be done for red giants. At best, one could possibly obtain the sign of the radial differential rotation gradient. Measurements of the extent of the latitudinal differential from frequency splitting are, however, more promising. One very interesting aspect that could likely be tested from frequency splittings is whether the differential rotation is solar-like or anti-solar-like in nature, in the sense that a solar-like profile has an equator rotating faster than the poles.
Doping-dependent band structure of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces by soft x-ray polarization-controlled resonant angle-resolved photoemission

Polarization-controlled synchrotron radiation was used to map the electronic structure of buried conducting interfaces of LaAlO${}_{3}$/SrTiO${}_{3}$ in a resonant angle-resolved photoemission experiment. A strong polarization dependence of the Fermi surface and band dispersions is demonstrated, highlighting different Ti $3d$ orbitals involved in two-dimensional (2D) conduction. Measurements on samples with different doping levels reveal different band occupancies and Fermi-surface areas. The photoemission results are directly compared with advanced first-principles calculations, carried out for different $3d$-band filling levels connected with the 2D mobile carrier concentrations obtained from transport measurements, with indication of charge localization at the interface.
Delayed Presentation of Nail Gun-Associated Traumatic Pneumothorax with a Retained Foreign Body: A Case Report

Patient: Male, 30-year-old Final Diagnosis: Traumatic pneumothroax Symptoms: Chest pain Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Video assisted thoracoscopy Specialty: Cardiac Surgery Objective: Rare disease Background: Pneumatic nail guns were first introduced in the 1950’s, which revolutionized the construction industry. Since that time, nail gun injuries have been reported predominantly in the extremities with rare cases of thoracic and head injuries. A nail gun can easily propel nails through human tissue with velocities varying based on propellant and object. There are limited case reports on the appropriate management of thoracic nail gun injuries. Case Report: A 30-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department with right-sided chest pain seven and a half hours after getting struck in the right lateral thorax with a pneumatic nail gun. The patient was hemodynamically stable and without respiratory distress. A chest X-ray was taken and showed a right pneumothorax with a retained radio-opaque object at the right lung hilum. A CT angiogram subsequently showed the object abutting the right middle lobe branch of the pulmonary artery. Cardiothoracic surgery was called and the patient was taken urgently to the operating room for right thoracotomy, finding the nail deep in the right fissure at the hilum with the nail head in contact but not puncturing the right middle lobe branch of the pulmonary artery. The patient was extubated and recovered well postoperatively. Conclusions: This case demonstrates the critical nature of nail gun injuries and can better inform the trauma protocols used to treat these injuries. Even in a delayed presentation, there should be a high suspicion of traumatic lung and cardiac injuries due to the velocities obtained with pneumatic nail guns.
New species and records of Neomassaria, Oxydothis and Roussoella (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota) associated with palm and bamboo from China

﻿Abstract Several micro fungi were gathered from bamboo and palm in Guizhou Province, China. In morphology, these taxa resemble Neomassaria, Roussoella and Oxydothis. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses based on combined ITS, LSU, SSU, rpb2 and tef1 loci confirmed that two are new geographical records for China, (viz. Roussoellasiamensis, Neomassariafabacearum), while two of them are new to science (viz. Oxydothisfortunei sp. nov. and Roussoellabambusarum sp. nov.). The stromata of Roussoellabambusarum are similar to those of R.thailandica, but its ascospores are larger. In addition, multi-gene phylogenetic analyses show that Oxydothisfortunei is closely related to O.inaequalis, but the J- ascus subapical ring as well as the ascospores of O.inaequalis are smaller. Morphological descriptions and illustrations of all species are provided.
HD depletion in starless cores

Aims: We aim to investigate the abundances of light deuterium-bearing species such as HD, H2D+ and D2H+ in a gas-grain chemical model including an extensive description of deuterium and spin state chemistry, in physical conditions appropriate to the very centers of starless cores. Methods: We combine a gas-grain chemical model with radiative transfer calculations to simulate density and temperature structure in starless cores. The chemical model includes deuterated forms of species with up to 4 atoms and the spin states of the light species H2, H2+ and H3+ and their deuterated forms. Results: We find that HD eventually depletes from the gas phase because deuterium is efficiently incorporated to grain-surface HDO, resulting in inefficient HD production on grains. HD depletion has consequences not only on the abundances of e.g. H2D+ and D2H+, whose production depends on the abundance of HD, but also on the spin state abundance ratios of the various light species, when compared with the complete depletion model where heavy elements do not influence the chemistry. Conclusions: While the eventual HD depletion leads to the disappearance of light deuterium-bearing species from the gas phase in a relatively short timescale at high density, we find that at late stages of core evolution the abundances of H2D+ and D2H+ increase toward the core edge and the disributions become extended. The HD depletion timescale increases if less oxygen is initially present in the gas phase, owing to chemical interaction between the gas and the dust predecing the starless core phase. Our results are greatly affected if H2 is allowed to tunnel on grain surfaces, and therefore more experimental data not only on tunneling but also on the O + H2 surface reaction in particular is needed.