Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Negative affect increases reanalysis of conflicts between discourse context and world knowledge

Introduction Mood is a constant in our daily life and can permeate all levels of cognition. We examined whether and how mood influences the processing of discourse content that is relatively neutral and not loaded with emotion. During discourse processing, readers have to constantly strike a balance between what they know in long term memory and what the current discourse is about. Our general hypothesis is that mood states would affect this balance. We hypothesized that readers in a positive mood would rely more on default world knowledge, whereas readers in a negative mood would be more inclined to analyze the details in the current discourse. Methods Participants were put in a positive and a negative mood via film clips, one week apart. In each session, after mood manipulation, they were presented with sentences in discourse materials. We created sentences such as “With the lights on you can see. ” that end with critical words (CWs) “more” or “less”, where general knowledge supports “more”, not “less”. We then embedded each of these sentences in a wider discourse that does/does not support the CWs (a story about driving in the night vs. stargazing). EEG was recorded throughout. Results The results showed that first, mood manipulation was successful in that there was a significant mood difference between sessions. Second, mood did not modulate the N400 effects. Participants in both moods detected outright semantic violations and allowed world knowledge to be overridden by discourse context. Third, mood modulated the LPC (Late Positive Component) effects, distributed in the frontal region. In negative moods, the LPC was sensitive to one-level violation. That is, CWs that were supported by only world knowledge, only discourse, and neither, elicited larger frontal LPCs, in comparison to the condition where CWs were supported by both world knowledge and discourse. Discussion These results suggest that mood does not influence all processes involved in discourse processing. Specifically, mood does not influence lexical-semantic retrieval (N400), but it does influence elaborative processes for sensemaking (P600) during discourse processing. These results advance our understanding of the impact and time course of mood on discourse.
Payment Features and Incentives as Drivers for Non-Cash Payments Usage – the Evidence from Poland

Theoretical background: There is evidence that sustainable economic growth is strictly connected with non-cash payments’ development. Nevertheless, in many countries, cash still remains the dominant means of payment. Cash can be treated as a store of value and a means of payment. The paper focuses on its transactional function and addresses the need to recognise drivers that can shift consumers away from cash. Purpose of the article: The paper aims to analyse what features of payment instruments and what kind of incentives could convince consumers to switch from cash to non-cash payments.
QUÃO BEM A TECNOLOGIA RAF PODE ENTENDER A FALA COM SOTAQUE ESTRANGEIRO?

Following the Covid-19 pandemic, digital technology is more present in classrooms than ever. Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) offers interesting possibilities for language learners to produce more output in a foreign language (FL). ASR is especially suited for autonomous pronunciation learning when used as a dictation tool that transcribes the learner’s speech (McCROCKLIN, 2016). However, ASR tools are trained with monolingual native speakers in mind, not reflecting the global reality of English speakers. Consequently, the present study examined how well two ASR-based dictation tools understand foreign-accented speech, and which FL speech features cause intelligibility breakdowns. English speech samples of 15 Brazilian Portuguese and 15 Spanish speakers were obtained from an online database (WEINBERGER, 2015) and submitted to two ASR dictation tools: Microsoft Word and VoiceNotebook. The resulting transcriptions were manually inspected, coded and categorized. The results show that overall intelligibility was high for both tools. However, many features of normal FL speech, such as vowel and consonant substitution, caused the ASR dictation tools to misinterpret the message leading to communication breakdowns. The results are discussed from a pedagogical viewpoint.
Local smoothing properties of dispersive equations

Is it possible for time evolution partial differential equations which are reversible and conservative to smooth locally the initial data? For the linear wave equation, for instance, the answer is no. However, in [10] T. Kato found a local smoothing property of the Korteweg-de Vries equation: the solution of the initial value problem is, locally, one derivative smoother than the initial datum. Kato's proof uses, in a curcial way, the algebraic properties of the symbol for the Korteweg-de Vries equation and the fact that the underlying spatial dimension is one. Actually, judging from the way several integrations by parts and cancellations conspire to reveal a smoothing effect, one would be inclined to believe this was a special property of the K-dV equation. This is not, however, the case. In this paper, we attempt to describe a general local smoothing effect for dispersive equations and systems. The smoothing effect is due to the dispersive nature of the linear part of the equation. All the physically significant dispersive equations and systems known to us have linear parts displaying this local smoothing property. To mention only a few, the K-dV, Benjamin-Ono, intermediate long wave, various Boussinesq, and Schrodinger equations are included. We study, thus, equations and systems of the form
Potential Vorticity in Hurricane Gloria

Abstract Potential vorticity (PV) analysts for Hurricane Gloria of 1985 are derived from nested objective wind analyses of Omega dropwindsonde and airborne Doppler radar data. The analyses resolve eyewall-scale features in the inner vortex core and embed analyses of these features within the larger-scale environment. Since three-dimensional geopotential height fields required for evaluation of PV are not available in the core, they are derived using the balance equation. In the process of deriving the heights, the degree of gradient balance is evaluated. The 500-mb tangential winds in the core, averaged azimuthally on the four cardinal points, are close to gradient balance outside the radius of maximum wind. The resulting depiction of PV is the first presented for a real hurricane. Due to data deficiencies immediately outside the Doppler region, as well as inside the eye, smoothing of the wind data using a filter with a minimum 25-km spatial scale is required to derive a balanced geopotential height distr.
Mass flow and tangential momentum accommodation in silicon micromachined channels

High-precision experimental results are reported showing the tangential momentum accommodation coefficient (TMAC) for several gases in contact with single-crystal silicon to be less than unity. A precise and robust experimental platform is demonstrated for measurement of mass flows through silicon micromachined channels due to an imposed pressure gradient. Analytic expressions for isothermal Maxwellian slip flows through long channels are used to determine the TMAC at a variety of Knudsen numbers. Results from experiments using nitrogen, argon and carbon dioxide are presented. For all three gases the TMAC is found to be lower than one, ranging from 0.75 to 0.85.
Pattern matching based active optical sorting of colloids/cells

We report active optical sorting of colloids/cells by employing a cross correlation based pattern matching technique for selection of the desired objects and thereafter sorting using dynamically controllable holographic optical traps. The problem of possible collision between the different sets of objects during sorting was avoided by raising one set of particles to a different plane. We also present the results obtained on using this approach for some representative applications such as sorting of silica particles of two different sizes, of closely packed colloids and of white blood cells and red blood cells from a mixture of the two.
Modeling and detection of quasi-static nanotesla magnetic field variations using magnetoelectric laminate sensors

Laminated composites of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric layers have been developed for their magnetoelectric (ME) product tensor properties. In spite of the considerable progress in materials aspects, little attention has been given to ME laminate incorporation into a detection technology. Here, we present a ME technology including the laminate equivalent model, detection circuitry consideration and noise mitigation for ME laminate sensors operated at quasi-static (⩽10 Hz) frequencies. We then constructed a passive magnetic field prototype sensor unit and detected a 2.6 nanotesla magnetic signal at 1 Hz frequency.
Collapse dynamics of a vector vortex optical field with inhomogeneous states of polarization

Based on a pair of coupled 2D nonlinear Schrödinger equations, the collapse dynamics of a vector field with hybrid states of polarization (SoP) in a Kerr medium is demonstrated. The critical power for an optical field to collapse is present, and the full vectorial numerical simulations provide detailed information about the evolution and partial collapse of the vector field in a Kerr medium. Our results reveal that the optical field prefers to collapse in linearly-polarization, as a result of the self-focusing effect difference in linearly, elliptically and circularly polarized components. The SoP in the field cross-section changes and propagates with a spiral trajectory when the vector beams are imposed with a vortex. The vectorial effect on the collapse of a vector optical field can prevail over the noise even though it reaches 10% amplitude of the optical field. The unique feature of these structured collapses of a vector optical field may lead to new phenomena in the interaction of light with matter.
UV radiation field inside dense clouds: its possible existence and chemical implications

It appears possible that cosmic ray excitation of the Lyman and Werner systems of the hydrogen molecule could maintain a chemically significant level of UV photon flux in the interior of dense clouds where interstellar UV radiation may not reach. This conclusion is based upon a simplified treatment of the radiative transfer problem, which actually tends to underestimate the radiation field. In particular, the predicted radiation field seems capable of recovering carbon from the CO reservoir by photodissociation at an order of magnitude faster rate than that possible via dissociative charge transfer from He/sup +/ followed by neutralization of the C/sup +/ ion. This is noteworthy in the context of high N(C)/N(CO) ratios recently reported for several dense clouds. Furthermore, this radiation field may also provide a potentially viable means of releasing molecules from grain surfaces inside dark clouds.
Improved Algorithm of Complex Spatial Co-Location Pattern Based on Grid Clique

In this paper, an algorithm is presented, which takes grid clique as a whole to find its all instance points neighbor lists in 9-neighbor area, and inserts them into the candidate extension clique list, then deletes the records that dont meet the criteria in the list, finally combines grid cliques and candidate extension clique list to generate maximal clique. The paper discusses the characteristics of spatial co-location pattern algorithm, and makes statistics of its maximal clique number generated in different distance threshold. The experiment shows that the improved algorithm can find out more maximal cliques.
SYNTHESIS, PROPERTIES AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CHIRAL SEMIPERFLUORINATED LIQUID CRYSTALS WITH FERRO AND ANTICLINIC SMECTIC PHASES

A new chiral and semiperfluorinated series with ferro and anticlinic properties has been synthesized and characterized. The mesomorphic behaviour has been established on the grounds of both microscopic observations and DSC measurements. The non-chiral intermediate ethyl 4-semiperfluorinated alkyloxybenzoates exhibit SmA phases, unusual for compounds with a single phenyl ring. The final derivatives display SmA, SmC* and in several cases SmC*A phases. The longer fluorinated chains favour the SmA and SmC* phases at the expense of the SmC*A phase. Electro-optical measurements were carried out with the classical SSFLC geometry. The spontaneous polarization and tilt angle at saturation are higher than those of the hydrogenous homologues, around 140 nCcm-2 at 40 degrees C. One compound of the series, the 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-nonafluoroheptyloxy derivative, C36H35O7F9, Mx=750.6 g mol-1, crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1 with four independent molecules in the asymmetric unit (Z=4). The molecule.
Gravity Waves, Dynamical Resistance, and Forcing Efficiency

Abstract The effect of the dynamical response associated with high-frequency gravity waves on the total energy generated by imposed heating is examined in a 2D linear compressible model. The work performed by waves against a sustained forcing is defined as the dynamical resistance. The dynamical resistance is minimized and forcing efficiency maximized for basic-state and forcing configurations that yield a wave response whose phase varies minimally relative to the forcing. When generated against a forcing-relative background flow, waves that have a deep vertical scale relative to the forcing depth impose less resistance than waves of a shallow vertical scale. The efficiency of an ensemble of forcing elements is shown to differ significantly from that corresponding to an isolated forcing. If the forcing elements are all of the same sign (e.g., are all warmings), then the efficiency increases with decreasing separation between elements.
Electromagnetic Transmission Property in Split-Ring Resonators at Microwave Frequency by Finite Difference Time Domain Method

Both electric and magnetic resonances have been found in copper split-ring resonator arrays printed on circuit board as one kind of left-handed materials. It is found that electric field direction can excite the magnetic resonance with the change of an angle to split-ring resonator symmetric axis. On basis of ensuring an appearance of electromagnetic resonance, different substrate permittivity, interlayer spaces among split-ring resonator boards and electromagnetic wave propagation directions were designed to study their corresponding effects on microwave transmission property by using finite-difference-time-domain method. It is indicated that permittivity changes had little influences, while the other two factors mentioned above affect the microwave property significantly.
Optically generated adaptive localized structures in confined chiral liquid crystals doped with fullerene

We report the facile optical creation of switchable localized structures in chiral liquid crystals doped with fullerene. In a cholesteric cell unwound by vertical boundary conditions, the initially dispersed fullerenes are deposited from the bulk to the surface of confining glass plates by low-intensity illumination. This alters the surface boundary conditions and allows for the creation of localized particlelike structures with twist-bound defects (dubbed Torons) that are controlled by electric fields and arranged into patterns of interest for photonic and electro-optic applications.
A REVIEW OF COMMUNICATING DEVICES FOR PARALYTIC PATIENTS

: For physically disabled people, assistive technologies, such as an alternative form of text entry, can be of tremendous benefit. Biosignal interfaces are utilized in the medical industry for patient health status monitoring, rehabilitation services, or medical automation because they provide crucial data that shows the physical situation of the user. Biosignals are vital for extracting user emotions or measuring user experience and can be combined with virtual reality to create fresh content. Coming to the medical side, an Individual who is paralyzed, is a condition where the patient is unable to move a limb or part of the body due to the inactivity of the muscles in that area. These people find it extremely challenging to communicate with others and express their feelings and desires. To address this need various systems have been developed to accept eye-gaze, muscle signal, brain signal, tilt mechanism of accelerometer, and so on as input and convey the patient need to the caretaker. The review paper’s purpose is to describe the cause of paralysis and progress from the treatment and end with various communication aids.
New high detectivity linear array for analytical measurement in the room temperature range

A newly designed highly detective intra-slit thermoelectric room-temperature linear array is presented. The thermoelectric sensor array ZS-64-2 with 64 individually readable channels was designed and developed for IR spectroscopy. It is suitable for analytical measurement technology, for example, in determining the age of technical oils in real time. For this, the selected absorption bands of the oil are analyzed and evaluated. This allows conclusions be drawn about the condition of lubricants and coolants, so that they can be replaced when it is needed. This method helps to save valuable resources and it helps to avoid costly damages. In order to achieve the high detectivity of D* = 1.8 x 109 Jones the sensor was designed and optimized to be operated under vacuum conditions. For minimizing the thermal cross talk between the individual pixels, they are separated from each other by a 50 micron slit in the self-supporting silicon nitride membrane, which has a thickness of nearly 1 micron.
Io's ultraviolet aurora: Remote sensing of Io's interaction

With the recent observations of Io's very striking equatorial aurora by Roesler et al. [1999], it is now possible to remotely sense Io's local interaction with the Io plasma torus. Here we present an explanation for the formation of Io's aurora which implies that Io's electron flow is strongly rotated and shielded around Io. The Hall effect close to Io breaks the interaction symmetry to produce a brighter anti‐Jovian radiation spot, and it also results in rotated Alfvén wings. Observations of Io's aurora also impose new constraints on Io's atmosphere. We find, among other things, an atomic oxygen to sulfur dioxide ratio of ∼20%.
Physical mechanism of the inverse energy cascade of two-dimensional turbulence: a numerical investigation

We report an investigation of inverse energy cascade in steady-state two-dimensional turbulence by direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equation, with small-scale forcing and large-scale damping. We employed several types of damping and dissipation mechanisms in simulations up to 20482 resolution. For all these simulations we obtained a wavenumber range for which the mean spectral energy flux is a negative constant and the energy spectrum scales as k−5/3, consistent with the predictions of Kraichnan (Phys. Fluids, vol. 439, 1967, p. 1417). To gain further insight, we investigated the energy cascade in physical space, employing a local energy flux defined by smooth filtering. We found that the inverse energy cascade is scale local, but that the strongly local contribution vanishes identically, as argued by Kraichnan (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 47, 1971, p. 525). The mean flux across a length scale ℓ was shown to be due mainly to interactions with modes two to eight times smaller. A major part of our investigation was devoted to identifying the physical mechanism of the two-dimensional inverse energy cascade. One popular idea is that inverse energy cascade proceeds via merger of like-sign vortices. We made a quantitative study employing a precise topological criterion of merger events. Our statistical analysis showed that vortex mergers play a negligible direct role in producing mean inverse energy flux in our simulations. Instead, we obtained with the help of other works considerable evidence in favour of a ‘vortex thinning’ mechanism, according to which the large-scale strains do negative work against turbulent stress as they stretch out the isolines of small-scale vorticity. In particular, we studied a multi-scale gradient (MSG) expansion developed by Eyink (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 549, 2006a, p. 159) for the turbulent stress, whose contributions to inverse cascade can all be explained by ‘thinning’. The MSG expansion up to second order in space gradients was found to predict well the magnitude, spatial structure and scale distribution of the local energy flux. The majority of mean flux was found to be due to the relative rotation of strain matrices at different length scales, a first-order effect of ‘thinning’. The remainder arose from two second-order effects, differential strain rotation and vorticity gradient stretching. Our findings give strong support to vortex thinning as the fundamental mechanism of two-dimensional inverse energy cascade.
World-structure and non-Euclidean honeycombs

Milne (1934) described a one-dimensional system of discrete particles in uniform relative motion such that the aspect of the whole system is the same from each particle. The purpose of the present paper is to construct analogous systems in two and three dimensions. If the uniformly moving observers regraduate their clocks so as to describe each other as relatively stationary, the private Euclidean spaces of the Special Theory of Relativity become public hyperbolic space. This point of view leads to a discussion of uniform honeycombs in hyperbolic space, four of which were discovered by Schlegel (1883, p. 444). One of the new honeycombs, called {4, 4, 3}, has for its vertices the points whose four co-ordinates are proportional to the integral solutions of the Diophantine equation t2 - x2 - y2 - z2 = 1. As a by-product, a simple set of generators and generating relations are obtained for the group of all integral Lorentz transformations (Schild 1949, p. 39). Another by-product is the enumeration of those groups generated by reflexions in hyperbolic space whose fundamental regions are tetrahedra of finite volume. The work culminates in the discovery of a point-distribution whose mesh is seven times as close as that of {4, 4, 3}, though apparently still far too coarse to be of direct cosmological significance. It follows that some irregularity in the distribution of the extragalactic nebulae is almost certainly geometrically inevitable.
Theoretical study of the photovoltaic properties of polycrystalline silicon

By considering the variation of grain‐boundary space‐charge potential barrier height with grain size and doping level, the dependence of polysilicon solar cell parameters on the grain size (d) and substrate resistivity have been theoretically investigated. A new relation is presented for the effective diffusion length of minority carriers in polysilicon which predicts that the effective diffusion length is approximately proportional to dr, where r varies from 0 to 1. Computations show that, as base resistivity decreases, the effect of the grain‐boundary recombination process increases, and consequently the polysilicon cell parameters do not vary with resistivity in the same manner as has been observed for a single‐crystal cell. Our theory predicts also the dominance of shunting effects of grain boundary at small grain sizes or low base resistivities. The available experimental data are found to be in good agreement with the predictions of the theory.