Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying User-Input Privacy in Mobile Applications at a Large Scale

Identifying sensitive user inputs is a prerequisite for privacy protection in mobile applications. When it comes to today’s program analysis systems, however, only those data that go through well-defined system Application Program Interface (system controlled resources) can be automatically labeled. In this paper, we show that this conventional approach is far from adequate, as most sensitive inputs are actually entered by the user at an app’s runtime. In this paper, we inspect 13,072 top apps from Google Play, and find that 38.69% of them involve sensitive user inputs. Just like system controlled resources, these data are also exposed to a series of privacy leakage threats. For these sensitive user inputs, manually marking them involves a lot of efforts, impeding a large-scale, automated analysis of apps to defend against potential privacy leakage. To address this important issue, we present UIPicker, an adaptable framework for automatic identification of sensitive user inputs as the first step. UIPicker is designed to detect the semantic information within the application layout resources and the program code, and further analyze it for the locations where security-critical information may show up. This approach can support a variety of existing security analysis on mobile apps. We evaluate our approach over randomly selected popular apps on Google Play. UIPicker is able to accurately label sensitive user inputs most of the time, with 94.0% precision and 96.0% recall.
Multiscale Methods in Image Modelling and Image Processing

The field of modelling and processing of ‘images’ has fairly recently become important, even crucial, to areas of science, medicine, and engineering. The inevitable explosion of imaging modalities and approaches stemming from this fact has become a rich source of mathematical applications. ‘Imaging’ is quite broad, and suffers somewhat from this broadness. The general question of ‘what is an image? ’ or perhaps ‘what is a natural image? ’ turns out to be difficult to address. To make real headway one may need to strongly constrain the class of images being considered, as will be done in part of this thesis. On the other hand there are general principles that can guide research in many areas. One such principle considered is the assertion that (classes of) images have multiscale relationships, whether at a pixel level, between features, or other variants. There are both practical (in terms of computational complexity) and more philosophical reasons (mimicking the human visual system, for example) that suggest looking at such methods. Looking at scaling relationships may also have the advantage of opening a problem up to many mathematical tools. This thesis will detail two investigations into multiscale relationships, in quite different areas. One will involve Iterated Function Systems (IFS), and the other a stochastic approach to reconstruction of binary images (binary phase descriptions of porous media). The use of IFS in this context, which has often been called ‘fractal image coding’, has been primarily viewed as an image compression technique. We will re-visit this approach, proposing it as a more general tool. Some study of the implications of that idea will be presented, along with applications inferred by the results. In the area of reconstruction of binary porous media, a novel, multiscale, hierarchical annealing approach is proposed and investigated.
Flow separation control by plasma actuator with nanosecond pulse periodic discharge

Currently, the problem of flow active control by low-temperature plasma is considered to be one of the most booming realms of aerodynamics . The paper presents a results on controlling boundary layer attachment by plasma actuator withhighvoltage pulsed periodic nanosecond excitation. Actuator-induced gas velocities show near-zero values for nanosecond pulses. The measurements performed show overheating in the discharge region at fast (τ ≃ 1μs) thermalization of the plasma inputed energy. The mean values of such heating of the plasma layer can reach 70, 200, and even 400 K for 7-, 12-, and 50-ns pulse durations, respectively. The emerging shock wave together with the secondary vortex flows disturbs the main flow. The resulting pulsed-periodic disturbance causes an efficient transversal momentum transfer into the boundary layer and further flow attachment to the airfoil surface. Thus, for periodic pulsed nanosecond dielectric barrier discharge DBD, the main mechanism of impact is the energy transfer to and heating of the near-surface gas layer. The following pulse-periodic vortex movement stimulates redistribution of the main flow momentum. The experiments performed here have shown high efficiency of the given mechanism to control boundary layer separation, lift and drag force coefficients, and acoustic noise reduction in the Mach number range of 0.05 to 0.85. The design of the SDBD was typical asymmetric plasma actuator with one exposed and one covered electrodes . In our experiments, the exposed electrode was a cathode. The lower covered electrode was an anode. The experiments were carried out on the generator with a pulse length of 12 ns. Two regimes of the generator's operation were used. One was periodic, with a constant frequency of pulses fed onto the discharge gap. The other was burst mode, with impulses fed in bursts. The number of pulses in a burst varied from 1 to 100 with a repetition frequency of 100 kHz, and the time between the bursts being 1-100 ms. The number of pulses in the burst varied to produce constant averaged discharge power for various experimental conditions. The mean power in all burst regimes was equal to 25 W.The electrodes were made of 50 ? m aluminum foil. Their length was 90 cm and their widths were 15 and 10 mm for the lower and upper electrodes, respectively. The dielectric layer consisted of three PVC-films with a total thickness of 240 ? m.
FSM-H: Frequent Subgraph Mining Algorithm in Hadoop

Frequent subgraph mining (FSM) is an important task for exploratory data analysis on graph data. Over the years, many algorithms have been proposed to solve this task. These algorithms assume that the data structure of the mining task is small enough to fit in the main memory of a computer. However, as the real-world graph data grows, both in size and quantity, such an assumption does not hold any longer. To overcome this, some graph database-centric methods have been proposed in recent years for solving FSM, however, a distributed solution using MapReduce paradigm has not been explored extensively. Since, MapReduce is becoming the de-facto paradigm for computation on massive data, an efficient FSM algorithm on this paradigm is of huge demand. In this work, we propose a frequent subgraph mining algorithm called FSM-H which uses an iterative MapReduce based framework. FSM-H is complete as it returns all the frequent subgraphs for a given user-defined support, and it is efficient as it applies all the optimizations that the latest FSM algorithms adopt. Our experiments with real life and large synthetic datasets validate the effectiveness of FSM-H for mining frequent subgraphs from large graph datasets. The source code of FSM-H is available from www.cs. iupui.edu/~alhasan/software/ .
Reassessing the Pay Gap for Temps in Germany

Summary As a consequence of the rapid growth of temporary agency employment in Germany, the debate on the remuneration of temporary agency workers has intensified recently. The study finds that the earnings gap of temporary help workers in Germany is indeed large and increased during the past decade. Decomposition reveals that the widening gap mainly is driven by changes in relative skill prices and less by differences in the workforce composition. Temps already have to accept a marked earnings decline before entering the temporary help sector. Nevertheless, after leaving the sector temporary help workers no longer have to accept a pay penalty. A recent reform set a high incentive for temporary help agencies to pay their workers according to a collective agreement. Surprisingly, the unionization of the sector could not bring the widening earnings gap to a halt.
Sleep deprivation in the rat: XV. Ambient temperature choice in paradoxical sleep-deprived rats.

Previous studies of total sleep deprivation (TSD) and paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) in the rat by the disk-over-water method have indicated that both produce changes in thermoregulation. In both kinds of deprivation, there was a progressive, large increase in heat production as indicated by measures of energy expenditure (EE). In TSD there was an initial increase in waking body temperature (Tb) followed by a later decrease; in PSD there was only a progressive decrease. The increases in heat production far in excess of heat storage indicated increased heat loss in both groups. Because the increase in Tb in TSD rats was supported by ambient temperature choices (Tch) in a thermal gradient that became progressively higher during deprivation, an increase in waking temperature setpoint (TSET) was indicated. Because the rats resorted to behavioral warming in spite of greatly increased thermogenesis, they must have had some failure to retain body heat. Prior to the present study, changes in TSET, had not been evaluated in PSD rats. Because they had not shown increases in Tb, PSD rats might not have an elevated TSET, which would indicate a functional difference between PS and nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Also, an evaluation of behavioral thermoregulation in PSD rats would clarify whether their Tb decline resulted from excessive heat loss or from a lowered TSET. To evaluate changes in heat flow and TSET, EE, Tb and Tch were measured in five PSD rats and their yoked control (PSC) rats. PSD rats showed progressive increases in EE and decreases in Tb as in the earlier PSD study; Tch rose progressively. PSC rats showed minimal changes in all three parameters. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Charter versus traditional public schools: a panel study of the technical efficiency in Ohio

This paper builds upon prior research attempting to answer the question ‘Does money matter? ’ in public education by offering some insight into the potential advantages of charter schools over their district counterparts. In order to develop an accurate model of the true relationship between resources and performance, Adkins and Moomaw [(2003). “The Impact of Local Funding on the Technical Efficiency of Oklahoma School. ” Economics Letters 81(1): 31–37] suggest the use of a technical inefficiency model. Along these lines, we employ panel data of Ohio public schools to measure the potential technical efficiency gains of charter schools over traditional public schools using a stochastic frontier production model.
Leapfrog Triejoin: a worst-case optimal join algorithm

Recent years have seen exciting developments in join algorithms. In 2008, Atserias, Grohe and Marx (henceforth AGM) proved a tight bound on the maximum result size of a full conjunctive query, given constraints on the input relation sizes. In 2012, Ngo, Porat, R{\'e} and Rudra (henceforth NPRR) devised a join algorithm with worst-case running time proportional to the AGM bound. Our commercial Datalog system LogicBlox employs a novel join algorithm, \emph{leapfrog triejoin}, which compared conspicuously well to the NPRR algorithm in preliminary benchmarks. This spurred us to analyze the complexity of leapfrog triejoin. In this paper we establish that leapfrog triejoin is also worst-case optimal, up to a log factor, in the sense of NPRR. We improve on the results of NPRR by proving that leapfrog triejoin achieves worst-case optimality for finer-grained classes of database instances, such as those defined by constraints on projection cardinalities. We show that NPRR is \emph{not} worst-case optimal for such classes, giving a counterexample where leapfrog triejoin runs in $O(n \log n)$ time, compared to $\Theta(n^{1.375})$ time for NPRR. On a practical note, leapfrog triejoin can be implemented using conventional data structures such as B-trees, and extends naturally to $\exists_1$ queries. We believe our algorithm offers a useful addition to the existing toolbox of join algorithms, being easy to absorb, simple to implement, and having a concise optimality proof.
A comparative evaluation of the legislative controls on unfair terms and exemption clauses in consumer and business contracts in England and Brazil

The purpose of the present study is to make a comparative evaluation of the legislative controls on unfairness in the context of B2B, B2C and small businesses contracts in England and Brazil. This work will focus on the examination of statutes and relevant case law which regulate exemption clauses and terms on the basis of their ‘unfairness’. The approach adopted by legislation and courts towards the above controls may vary according to the type of contract. Business contracts are more in line with the classical model of contract law according to which parties are presumably equals and able to negotiate terms. As a consequence interventions should be avoided for the sake of freedom of contract even if harmful terms were included. Such assumption of equality however is not applicable to small businesses contracts because SMEs are often in a disadvantageous position in relation to their larger counterparties. Consumer contracts in their turn are more closely regulated by the English and Brazilian legal systems which recognised that vulnerable parties are more exposed to unfair terms imposed by the stronger party as a result of the inequality of bargaining power. For this reason those jurisdictions adopted a more interventionist approach to provide special protection to consumers which is in line with the modern law of contract. The contribution of this work therefore consists of comparing how the law of England and Brazil tackles the problem of ‘unfairness’ in the above types of contracts. This study will examine the differences and similarities between rules and concepts of both jurisdictions with references to the law of their respective regional trade agreements (EU and the Mercosul). Moreover it will identify existing issues in the English and Brazilian legislation and recommend lessons that one system can learn from the other.
Characterization of human FMO3 and FMO5 expressed as maltose binding protein fusions

The flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) family of enzymes oxygenates nucleophilic xenobiotics and endogenous substances. Human FMO3 and FMO5 are the predominant FMO forms in adult liver. These enzymes are naturally membrane-bound, and recombinant proteins are commercially available as microsomal preparations from insect cells (i.e., Supersome FMO). Alternatively, FMO3 has previously been expressed as a soluble protein, through use of an N -terminal maltose binding protein (MBP) fusion. In the current study, MBP fusions of both human FMO3 and FMO5 were prepared to >90% purity in the presence of detergent, characterized for biochemical and kinetic parameters, and the parameters were compared to those of Supersome FMO samples. Although MBP-FMO enzymes afforded lower rates of turnover compared with the corresponding Supersome FMOs, both types of FMO showed identical substrate dependencies and similar responses to changes in assay conditions. Interestingly, the FMO3 enzymes showed a 2-fold activation of k cat / K m in the presence of Triton X-100. Oligomeric analysis of MBP-FMO3 also showed disassociation from a high-order oligomeric form to a monomeric status in the presence of Triton X-100. This report serves as the first direct comparison between Supersome FMOs and the corresponding MBP-fusions, and the first report of a detergent-based activation of k cat / K m that corresponds to changes in oligomerization.
Determinants of Tax Planning

This thesis consists of three essays. The first essay “Public Disclosure of Foreign Subsidiaries and International Tax Avoidance”, co-authored with Michael Overesch and Tanja Krapat, analyzes the influence of public disclosure of group structures in Exhibit 21 on tax avoidance of U.S. MNEs. The second essay “Corporate Tax Planning and the Payout Ratio of Firms – Is the Dividend Tax Penalty Linked to ETRs? ”, co-authered with Alexander Tassius, investigates whether those firms being sensitive about their corporate tax burden are also sensitive about their shareholders’ tax payments. The final essay “Corporate Taxes and the Location of U.S. Trademarks”, co-authored with Michael Overesch and Jost Heckemeyer, analyzes where the ownership of U.S. trademarks is located and whether tax considerations play a decisive role in the decision where to locate the ownership.
Examining spatial arbitrage: Effect of electronic commerce and arbitrageur strategies

To My parents, teachers, Saranya and Abyukta iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation is the result of years of guidance and support from my professors, colleagues and family. I am grateful to my dissertation committee chair and advisor Dr. Eric Overby for the exceptional inspiration, support, guidance and mentorship throughout my research program. I am grateful to Dr. Saby Mitra for his valuable guidance and encouragement at every step of my Smith for their invaluable guidance on many occasions. I thank Dr. Jonathan Clarke whose advice and consultation on the literature in behavioral finance has helped me in my research thinking. In addition, I am thankful to numerous scholars in Information Systems for creating a wonderful body of knowledge which makes the pursuit of a career in research and teaching very exciting. I am indeed standing on the " Shoulders of Giants ". I thank my professors Dr. for Ph.D. level courses that have shaped my research thinking.Hung and Denny for their support. I am grateful to Ms. Michelle Graham from administration for her prompt and generous help on many occasions. Outside the college, my parents Dr. C. Subramanian and Mrs. Sulochana S. have been extremely supportive. Their wishes have been a guiding force for my life in every activity I pursue. My in-laws Mr. Krishnan V. and Mrs. Sajitha K have been very supportive of my career choice in research and teaching. I thank my brother Dr. Aneesh C S(and his wife Dr. Donata), sister Dr. Susmitha (and her husband Mr. Sudhakaran), my sister-in-law Silpa (and her husband. Sreejith C. R.) and brother-in-law Sarath for their support. The smiles and tantrums of my 3.5 year old daughter Abyukta have many a times given me the needed inspiration and energy for my research. The laughter of my little nephew Abhinav and nieces Anagha and Shreya have kept me inspired throughout my journey. I am grateful to my ex-colleagues Dr. for their encouragement at various stages of my career and life so far. My research was made possible because of my wife Saranya's support and many sacrifices during this journey.
Subclinical Endometritis in Postpartum Buffaloes: An Emerging Threat

Buffalo contributes 12.8 per cent of world milk supply. In India, buffalo accounts for 33 per cent of the milk producing animals and 45 per cent of overall milk production of the country. Optimum fertility of buffaloes is the key to economically successful dairy farming. Postpartum uterine infections have negative impact on reproductive performance leading to drastic reduction in farm return. Endometritis being one of the major postpartum disorder causing heavy losses to dairy industry. Postpartum sub-clinical endometritis is defined as an endometrial inflammation occurring 21 days or more after parturition without any clinical signs whereas clinical endometritis is indicated by the presence of purulent/mucopurulent discharge. Routine methods for diagnosing endometritis involve uterine biopsy, lavage and swab but these techniques causes irritation and distortion of cells. Endometrial cytology by cytobrush technique is most efficient and early diagnostic technique when used along with microbial assay for diagnosis of sub-clinical endometritis. Following diagnostic accuracy, one has to use appropriate therapy for management of this condition. An effective treatment is one which eliminates load of pathogenic bacteria and enhances uterine defense and repair mechanisms, and thereby halts and reverses the inflammatory changes that impair fertility. The treatment of endometritis should not be limited to clinical or bacteriological cure but also be economical and should improve the fertility. A wide variety of therapies for endometritis have been used with variable success proving the treatment of this condition to be still challenging.
Reação de variedades de cana-de-açúcar ao parasitismo de Meloidogyne incognita e M. enterolobii

O desenvolvimento de variedades resistentes constitui uma das principais alternativas para o manejo dos nematoides formadores de galhas em cana-de-acucar. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento das variedades, RB92-579, RB93-509, RB86-7515 e SP81–3250 sob diferentes densidades de M. incognita e M. enterolobii, e o efeito dos genotipos sobre a reproducao dos nematoides, em condicoes de casa de vegetacao. Plantas com um mes de cultivo, tiveram o solo infestado com crescentes densidades de inoculo (0, 5000, 10000 e 20000 ovos e juvenis por planta) e foram avaliados ao 90 dias em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. As variedades RB apresentaram maior peso da biomassa fresca da parte aerea do que SP81-3250 quando parasitadas por M. enterolobii. RB86-3129, SP81-3250 e RB86-7515 garantiram o ciclo de vida de M. enterolobbi, enquanto que RB92579, nao permitiu o seu completo desenvolvimento. Em relacao a M. incognita, a variedade RB92-579 destacou-se das demais por apresentar significativamente maior altura do que RB86-3129 e RB86-7515, maior diâmetro do colmo que RB86-7515, maior numero de colmos, numero de perfilho e peso da biomassa fresca da parte aerea do que RB86-7515. RB86-3129 apresentou menor numero e indice de galhas que as demais variedades e menor numero de ovos por sistema radicular do que RB86-7515 e SP81-3250. SP81-3250 apresentou menor diâmetro e numero de colmo, menor numero de perfilho, menor biomassa fresca da raiz e maior numero de ovos por planta. O desenvolvimento das plantas parasitadas por M. incognita ou M. enterolobii nao foi afetado pela densidade de inoculo. No entanto, ao contrario de M. enterolobii, as plantas parasitadas por M. incognita apresentaram indices de galhas superiores a tres e altos fatores de reproducao. Nenhum dos modelos testados descreveu significativamente as relacoes entre as variaveis analisadas e as densidades populacionais de M. incognita ou M. enterolobii.