Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Tight Filtering and Smoothing Fusion Method With Feature Tracking for LiDAR Odometry

LiDAR odometry (LO) has gained popularity in recent years because of its growing applications. Existing solutions include filtering and smoothing, where the former optimizes the latest pose with high efficiency and the latter optimizes multiple poses with strong consistency. Still, it is promising to fuse filtering and smoothing in LO. In this paper, we propose a novel tight filtering and smoothing fusion method. Firstly, two nested sliding windows are maintained and they share estimated poses and features to balance the accuracy and efficiency. The large outer window is used to build a large local map for high-quality scan-to-map matching in the filtering module, and multiple poses in the small inner window are optimized in the smoothing module to improve local consistency and efficiency. Furthermore, sparse directed geometry points (DGPs) are tracked across window keyframes to produce feature-wise multiple residuals for poses optimization in both filtering and smoothing modules. Besides, the strategies of ratio-based refined pose optimization and efficient DGP feature triangulation are developed for pose refinement and local map update, respectively. The experiments on KITTI and Newer College (NC) datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
An Economic Analysis of Technology Adoption Coupled With Conjunctive Use of Ground Water in Tank Command Area

This paper aims to evaluate the conjunctive use of surface and ground water, adoption of water management technologies and factors which influence the adoption of water management technologies in the tank command area since water scarcity problem is becoming major concern in most of the districts in Tamil Nadu. Dindigul district was purposively selected for the study since there are about 3,104 tanks and 30 per cent of area was irrigated by tank to total net area irrigated. Tank irrigation was also supplemented with well (open well) irrigation (i.e. conjunctive use of surface water and ground water was playing significant role). Simple random sampling technique was employed for selecting the sample farmers. Primary data was collected from 150 sample farmers and multinomial logit model was used for analysis. The result revealed that the yield was higher for farmers adopting water management technologies under conjunctive water use situation. The adopters of water management technologies had realized increased productivity and thereby the returns in rice crop were comparatively high the farming experience, income from off and non-farm activities and contact with extension agents were found to have positive and significant influence on adoption of technology. The farm size of the farmers had negative effect on adoption of technology. Original Research Article Minithra and Kumar; AJAEES, 29(1): 1-7, 2019; Article no.AJAEES. 45946 2
IN VITRO SEED GERMINATION OF CYCAS REVOLUTA THUNB

Germination of Cycas revoluta zygotic embryo and calli production from endosperm of seeds were succeeded in Litz medium which contains major salts of B5 (Gamborg et al. 1968) and minor and organic salts of MS media (Murashige and Scoog 1962). The induction medium covers organic compounds such as glutamine, arginine and asparagine in a variety of combinations including 2.4-D and Kn as well. The best medium for Cycas revoluta zygotic embryos is that with 10 μM 2.4-D and 4.5 μM Kn in which both zygotic embryos germinated healthily and green calli grew from endosperms of megagametophytes. Introduction Having been surviving from early periods of mezozoic age until present time, cycads inhabit regions including east Africa, Madacascar, subtropical and tropical Americas, Indian subcontinent, South China, South of Japanese islands and Australia. Majority of cycads undergoes danger of extinction, even some have already become extinct. The surviving ones are represented by 9 genera and 132 species whose orders have been restructured. Although cycads are of importance in botany, they provide natural sources of biochemicals with antimicrobial and pesticidal character. Slowly growing plants, cycads take 3-10 years to mature (Dyer 1965). They can be reproduced using both short-lived seeds and vegetative shoots. In vitro techniques have enabled to protect many species in danger of extiction. Micropropagation protocols established based on organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis, the latter of which was successful in using leaf calli of mature plant and zygotic embryo explants of some species of Zamia (Chavez et al. 1992c) and Ceratozamia (Chavez et al. 1992a and Litz et al. 1995). Shoot organogenesis was also successful in propagation of Zamia and Cycas species (Chavez et al. 1992c) and Cycas revoluta (Rinaldi and Leva 1990, 1995). Light and nitrogen formulations were factors to stimulate the production of callus cultures. Adventive stem regeneration of Zamia zygotic embryo explants were stimulated in constant darkness (Chavez et al. 1992c) including major salts of B5 (Gamborg et al. 1968) and minor and organic salts of MS media (Murashige and Scoog 1962). Adventive stem regeneration from zygotic embryo explants of Cycas revoluta was obtained after they had been subjected to a 12-hour darkness in SH basal medium (Schenk and Hildebrandt 1972) then underwent light (Renaldi and Leva 1990). Stem organogenesis was caused by seedling extracts of Cycas revoluta (Rinaldi and Leva 1990, 1995) after their exposure to light in SH basal medium but not in darkness. Shoot differentiation was previously obtained from zygotic embyros and seedling explants of Cycas revoluta in the media with BA and 2.4-D (Rinaldi and Leva 1990) but culture conditions were not optimized. Different nitrogen formulations (total and relative *Author for correspondence: < haticedemus@yahoo.com>. Botanical Garden Research and Application Center, Ege University, Bornova-İzmir/Turkey.
Removing Cadmium and lead From Wastewater Using Natural Zeolite Isotherm models

The adsorption behaviors with respect to the studied metals are investigated in the running work. A batch method has been employed, using Cd and Pb metal solutions ranging from 100 to 600 mg/L. The distribution coefficients (Kd) and adsorption percent were determined for the adsorption system as a function of sorbate concentration. In this study, the adsorption behavior of zeolites with respect to Cd, and Pb has been studied. In the uptake evaluation part of the study, adsorption ratios of metal cations on zeolite match to Langmuir, and Freundlich, adsorption isotherm data. According to the equilibrium studies, the selectivity sequence can be given as Pb > Cd. It was found that the uptake depend on hydrated ion diameter. These results show that natural zeolites hold great potential to remove cationic heavy metal species from industrial wastewater.
Soil mineral depletion drives early Holocene lake acidification

In recent decades, explanations for post-glacial lake acidification have focused on changing climate and biotic factors. Here we present a unique lake sediment data set combining diatom-inferred acidity reconstruction with detailed quantitative assessment of soil base dynamics that challenges this view. We show, at Krakenes Lake in Norway, that historical development of soil mineral depletion inferred from the lake sediment record is consistent with the extent and timing of early Holocene acidification. The lake-water acidification can be fully accounted for by abiotic soil mineral depletion, suggesting a lesser role for alternative acidifying mechanisms, such as direct climate impacts and successional changes in organic acid production. There are at present few comparable data sets, but those that exist suggest similar rates of soil base depletion. As this acidification is not confined to water, abiotic mineral depletion is likely also to impact terrestrial ecosystems, and dynamic vegetation models that exclude irreversible mineral depletion will fail to capture an important element of global ecology.
Asymmetric Price Relationships in the U.S. Broiler Industry

Abstract This study presents a testing methodology to analyze potential price asymmetries among the farm, wholesale, and retail levels of the U.S. broiler industry. Lag length, direction of causality, and asymmetric relationships are empirically determined. Results suggest that concentration and power of the integrators in the industry have allowed the wholesale price to become the center, causal price in the market. Asymmetric price transmissions, however, are limited. While downward movements in the wholesale price are passed on more fully to growers than increases in the wholesale price, only consumers in the North Central region of the U.S. share a larger portion of wholesalers’ price increases than price decreases.
Simulating Spiraling Bubble Movement in the EL Approach

Simulating the detailed movement of a rising bubble can be challenging, especially when it comes to bubble path instabilities. A solution based on the Euler Lagrange (EL) approach is presented, where the bubbles show oscillating shape and/or instable paths while computational cost are at a far lower level than in DNS. The model calculates direction, shape and rotation of the bubbles. A lateral force based on rotation and direction is modeled to finally create typical instable path lines. This is embedded in an EL simulation, which can resolve bubble size distribution, mass transfer and chemical reactions. A parameter study was used to choose appropriate model constants for a mean bubble size of 3 mm. To ensure realistic solution, validation against experimental data of single rising bubbles and bubble swarms are presented. References with 2D and also 3D analysis are taken into account to compare simulative data in terms of typical geometrical parameters and average field values.
Board Reputation and Financial Reporting Quality

This study uses a new measure of board reputation that is based on the market value of other companies on which board members serve, and examines whether board reputation has a causal effect on monitoring as reflected in financial statement reporting quality. A negative causal effect is expected if reputable directors are ineffective monitors because they are too busy or they choose to cater to management, whereas a positive causal effect is expected if reputable directors are more experienced and subject to significant reputation penalties in the case of a financial reporting failure. An alternative explanation is that reputation does not affect financial reporting quality, but rather is a characteristic of the market for directorship, where the equilibrium relation between reputation and financial reporting quality is determined by the demand for and supply of reputable directors. Our results suggest that financial reporting quality is not an important determinant of the market for directorship. Rather, we document that reputation has a positive causal effect on monitoring and results in higher quality financial reporting. JEL Classification: G34 M41 M51
LIQUID PROPELLANT PULSED PLASMA THRUSTER

In this paper, we proposed a new type pulsed plasma thruster using liquid propellant, namely Liquid Propellant PPT. To date, most PPTs are ablative PPTs which use solid propellant due to its simplicity and reliability. However, their performance is generally low among electric propulsions because of the ablation propellant feed system. To improve the performance, flow rate controllable propellant like liquid is necessary. Especially we focused on water which includes no carbon and toxicity. We demonstrated the operation of a LP-PPT. Liquid injectors suitable for LP-PPT were examined and the liquid injection of the 10 μg order was achieved. 10 J class thrusters using that injector were designed and operated. Impulse bit was measured by a thrust stand with the resolution of 1 μNs, and the thrust performances were evaluated. Liquid injection allowed the spontaneous discharge type thrusters. The use of an ignitor made the operation range expand. Water propellant PPT was successfully operated with high reproducibility. The impulse bits were measured in the range from 22 to 82 μNs in proportion to the capacitor stored energy of 3 to 13.5 J.
Ultrasound medical image deconvolution using CLEAN algorithm

The problem of reconstruction of ultrasound medical images using blind deconvolution algorithm has been recognized as one of the most important aspect in ultrasound images. The image resolution is deteriorated by many parameters such as the diffusive effect in tissues, which produce the speckle noise. We intend to implement a nonlinear algorithm based on joint use of the well known CLEAN method and the Hybrid Parametric Inverse Filtering method. This method suppose an iterative process for extracting the brightness small objects presents in the image using a dirty beam Point Spread Function. The PSF is obtained with HYPIF algorithm, a blind technique for ultrasound medical images. The technique is applied for the 1D signals extracted from RF ultrasound images (simulated and experimental). The results are compared with Wiener filter.
Comparison of energy and performance from biodegradation of freeze dried and spray dried algae biomass

Many kinds of substrates have been used to investigate bioelectricity production with Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC). Dry algae biomass has the highest maximum power density compared to other substrates due to high carbon sources from its lipid. However, the bacterial digestion of algae biomass is not simple because of the complexity and strength of the algal cell wall structure. An algae biomass extraction is needed to break the cell wall structure and facilitate digestion. Spray drying method is commonly used in highvalue products but may degrade some algal components which are crucial for microbial degradation in MFC, while the freeze-drying method is able to preserve algal cell constituents. The MFC was fed with freeze dried and spray dried algae biomass to produce energy and determine the degradation efficiency. Results showed the average voltage generated was 739 mV and 740 mV from freeze dried and spray dried algae biomass, respectively. The maximum power density of freeze dried algae biomass is 159.9 mW/m2 and spray dried algae biomass is 152.3 mW/m2. Freeze dried algae biomass has 54.2% of COD removal and 28.4% of Coulombic Efficiency while spray dried algae biomass has 50.1% of COD removal and 24.9% of Coulombic Efficiency.
Permafrost Thaw with Thermokarst Wetland-Lake and Societal-Health Risks: Dependence on Local Soil Conditions under Large-Scale Warming

A key question for the evolution of thermokarst wetlands and lakes in Arctic and sub-Arctic permafrost regions is how large-scale warming interacts with local landscape conditions in driving permafrost thaw and its spatial variability. To answer this question, which also relates to risks for ecology, society, and health, we perform systematic model simulations of various soil-permafrost cases combined with different surface-warming trends. Results show that both the prevalence and the thaw of permafrost depended strongly on local soil conditions and varied greatly with these for the same temperature conditions at the surface. Greater ice contents and depth extents, but also greater subsurface volumes thawing at depth under warming, are found for peat soils than other studied soil/rock formations. As such, more thaw-driven regime shifts in wetland/lake ecosystems, and associated releases of previously frozen carbon and pathogens, may be expected under the same surface warming for peatlands than other soil conditions. Such risks may also increase in fast permafrost thaw in mineral soils, with only small thaw-protection effects indicated in the present simulations for possible desertification enhancement of mineral soil covers.
J un 2 01 0 Observation of a first ν τ candidate in the OPERA experiment in the CNGS beam

The OPERA neutrino detector in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory (LNGS) has been designed to perform the first detection of neutrino oscillations in direct appearance mode through the study of the νμ → ντ channel. The hybrid apparatus consists of an emulsion/lead target complemented by electronic detectors and it is placed in the high energy long-baseline CERN to LNGS beam (CNGS) 730 km away from the neutrino source. Runs with CNGS neutrinos were successfully carried out in 2008 and 2009. After a brief description of the beam, the experimental setup and the procedures used for the analysis of the neutrino events, we describe the topology and kinematics of a first candidate ντ charged-current event satisfying the kinematical selection criteria. The background calculations and their cross-check are explained in detail and the significance of the event is assessed.
Motion Analysis of Chinese Bajiquan Based on Three-dimensional Images of Biomechanics

With the development of sports biomechanics, human motion mechanical characteristics have received more and more attention from plenty of researchers. Therefore, how to analyze the biomechanics of the living body has become the principle problem at the present stage. In this study, the three-dimensional (3D) image was adopted for a sport dynamics analysis of the riding style of the Chinese Bajiquan. First of all, the change rules of the temporal characteristic parameters when the research objects in the experiment group and the control group completing the riding style action were analyzed based on the characteristics of the action; in the initial stage of the action, the movement speed was relatively slow, and with the center of gravity of the right feet moving down, stable support was formed. Secondly, parameters such as hip joint angle and knee joint angle, etc., were tested from the perspective of dynamics sensors and a rigid block model was constructed to accurately calculate the joint angle. The hip joint guaranteed the stability of center of gravity during movement; the fluctuation of the ankle joint was relatively small, while the maximum fluctuation range of the trunk angle during movement was small, which could keep the upper limbs up straight as well as reduce fluctuation, and the lowering of the center of gravity was good for the stability of the lower limbs. When the riding style action was completed, the toes of the research objects in the experiment group would buckle subconsciously to control the balance of the body. Therefore, the riding style requires the interaction among different parameters, which conforms with the characteristics of the Chinese Bajiquan.
Effect of different vegetable lipid sources on the fatty acid composition of egg yolk and on hen performance

The European consumer is one of the most hard to please in the world and pays a Jot of attention to healthy, hygienic and nutritional properties of foods as weil as "ecological" aspects of production. Events, such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy and more recently dioxine poisoning or recurring Salmonella infections, have made him more careful in purchasing animal products. Moreover, large-scale distributors, sensitive to the requests of their customers, require the exclusion of animal ingredients and/or GMO feed components in animal feed. Consequently in Italy the use of vegetable diets has spread in poultry feeding. As for proteins, legumes and industrial arnino acids have substituted the raw material of animal origin. With regards to the energetic sources, different vegetable oils, in addition to cereals, can be used. Lipid supplements are used in laying hen feeding firstly to increase the energy of the feed and secondarily to satisfy the essential fatty acid requirements. The most common lipid supplements in commercial vegetable diets are soybean or corn oils, mostly for economical and nutritional reasons, but other vegetable ingredients could exert an interesting role in laying hen feeding. lt is possible to modify the fatty acid profile of the yolk, particularly of some essential fatty acids (HARGIS and V AN ELSWYK, 1993), by changing lipid sources of hen diets. MELUZZJ et al. (1996), using different lipid supplements such as coconut butter, corn, soybean, fish oils, tallow or poultry fat, found a relation between the oleic and linoleic proportions of the diet and of the yolk and no influence of dietary supplements on egg production and feed consumption. Substituting soybean oil with flax seed oil, a better egg production and a higher egg weight were achieved (Prv A et al., 1995). The dietary use of flax seed increased the yolk content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly a -linolenic acid (LNA) (CASTON and LEESON, 1990; CHERIAN and SIM, 1991; PIVA et al., 1995; BAUCELLS et al. 2000). The addition of palm butter to a broiler breeder hen diet increased the amount of oleic acid of the egg, whereas the laying performances remained unchanged (HALLE, 1999). Marine algae Schiza-
Hospital Cost Savings for Sequential COPD Patients Receiving Domiciliary Nasal High Flow Therapy

Purpose To estimate the 5-year budget impact to Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) hospitals of domiciliary nasal high flow (NHF) therapy to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who require long term oxygen therapy. Methods Hospital admission counts along with length of stay were obtained from hospital records of 200 COPD patients enrolled in a 12-month randomized clinical trial of NHF in Denmark, both over a 12-month baseline and then in the study period while on randomized treatment (control or NHF). NZ costings from similar COPD patients were estimated using data from Middlemore Hospital, Auckland and were applied to the Danish trial. The budget impact of NHF was estimated over the predicted 5-year lifetime of the device when used by patients sequentially. Results Fifty-five of 100 patients in the NHF group and 44 of 100 patients in the control group were admitted to hospital with a respiratory diagnosis during the baseline year. They had 108 admissions in the treatment group vs 89 in the control group, with 632 vs 438 days in hospital, and modeled annual costs of $9443 vs $6512 per patient, respectively. During the study period there were 38 vs 44 patients with 67 vs 80 admissions and 302 vs 526 days in hospital, at a modeled annual cost of $6961 vs $9565 per patient respectively. Taking into account capital expenditure and running costs, this resulted in cost savings of $5535 per patient-year (95% CI, -$36 to -$11,034). With 90% usage over the estimated five-year lifetime of the NHF device, amortized capital costs of $594 per year and annual running costs of $662, we estimate a 5-year undiscounted cost saving per NHF device of $18,626 ($16,934 when discounted to net present value at 5% per annum). There would still be annual cost savings over a wide range of assumptions. Conclusion Domiciliary NHF therapy for patients with severe COPD has the potential to provide substantial hospital cost savings over the five-year lifetime of the NHF device.