Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Volume Effect in the Landau Theory of Martensitic Phase Transitions in Cubic Crystals

An eﬀect of the volume change upon proper ferroelastic (martensitic) phase transitions in cubic crystals is considered. Corresponding terms in the Ginzburg-Landau expansion of the Gibbs free energy are analyzed for the ﬁrst- as well as second-order phase transitions from cubic to tetragonal lattice under the action of uniaxial and hydrostatic pressure. The pressure eﬀect on the critical temperature as well as on the phase transition anomalies of isothermal compressibility and linear thermal expansion coeﬃcient are studied and recent experimental data on thermal expansion anomalies in V 3 Si, In-Tl and Ni-Al are discussed. The non-linearity of thermal expansion leads to the special relation between the shear strain and volume change as a result of the elastic energy minimization. This phenomenon can provide the transformation from FCC lattice to BCC one, observed in the iron alloys.
protection against Haemophilus parasuis infection after vaccination with recombinant virulence

23 Glaesserella parasuis is a pathogen causing Glässer’s disease characterized by fibrinous 24 polyserositis, polyarthritis, and meningitis. Owing to the low cross-immunogenicity of different 25 bacterial antigens in commercial vaccines, finding and identifying effective immunoprotective 26 antigens will facilitate the development of novel subunit vaccines. In this study, LolA, identified by 27 bioinformatics approaches, was cloned and successfully expressed as a recombinant protein in 28 Escherichia coli , and its immunogenicity and protection were evaluated in a mouse model. The results 29 showed that the recombinant protein LolA can stimulate mice to produce high levels of IgG antibodies 30 and confer 50% protection against challenge with the highly virulent G. parasuis CY1201 strain 31 (serotype 13). By testing the cytokine levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-10, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), it 32 was found that the recombinant protein LolA can induce both Th1 and Th2 immune responses in mice. 33 These results suggest that the recombinant protein LolA has the potential to serve as an alternative 34 antigen for a novel vaccine to prevent G. parasuis infection. 35
Searching for reflected light from τ Bootis b with high-resolution ground-based spectroscopy : Approaching the 10-5 contrast barrier

Context. It is challenging to measure the starlight reflected from exoplanets because of the extreme contrast with their host stars. For hot Jupiters, this contrast is in the range of 10 −6 to 10 −4 , depending on their albedo, radius and orbital distance. Searches for reflected light have been performed since the first hot Jupiters were discovered, but with very limited success because hot Jupiters tend to have low albedo values due to the general absence of reflective cloud decks. Aim. The aim of this study is to search for reflected light from τ Boo b, a hot Jupiter with one of the brightest host stars. Since its discovery in 1997, it has been the subject of several reflected-light searches using high-dispersion spectroscopy. Here we aim to combine these data in to a single meta-analysis. Methods. We analysed more than 2000 archival high-dispersion spectra obtained with the UVES, ESPaDOnS, NARVAL UES and HARPS-N spectrographs during various epochs between 1998 and 2013. Each spectrum was first cleaned of the stellar spectrum and subsequently cross-correlated with a PHOENIX model spectrum. These were then Doppler shifted to the planet rest-frame and co-added in time, weighted according to the expected signal-to-noise of the planet signal. Results. We reach a 3 σ upper limit of the planet-to-star contrast of 1.5 × 10 −5 . Assuming a planet radius of 1.15 R J , this corresponds to an optical albedo of between 400–700 nm. A low albedo is in line with secondary eclipse and phase curve observations of other hot Jupiters using space-based observatories, as well as theoretical predictions of their reflective properties.
Agents that learn to behave with reinforcement learning and behavior trees

Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods allow the development of autonomous agents capable of performing complex tasks. However, the policies that govern these agents are often represented in ways that are hard to interpret for human users. Additionally, it is not straightforward how to include user guidance in the learning process. This work proposes a novel decanonicalization algorithm that converts a policy obtained from RL into a human legible Behavior Tree (BT), an architecture praised for its modularity and reactivity. Configurable parameters yield a multitude of resulting BTs, from which the optimal ones are obtained with a multicriteria optimization problem. Results in the Mario AI framework show this method can improve on the readability of previous designs, considering the number of nodes and complexity of conditions as a metric for legibility. We also investigated ways to incorporate expert knowledge encoded as a BT in the learning task. As our pilot attempt, we proposed and evaluated Double ϵ -greedy , which did not achieve the desired outcome of improving learning convergence. Thus, this last problem remains an open challenge that we intend to investigate in future works. The proposed methods can thus can assist designers in testing and debugging, since a readable system allows the users to better predict its behavior, thus cutting on development time and costs.
Fault Injection with Multiple Fault Patterns for Experimental Evaluation of Demand-Controlled Ventilation and Heating Systems

Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems are large-scale distributed systems that can be subject to multiple faults affecting the electronics, sensors, and actuators, potentially causing high energy consumption, occupant discomfort, degraded indoor air quality and risk to critical infrastructure. Fault injection (FI) is an effective experimental method for the validation and dependability evaluation of such HVAC systems. Today’s FI frameworks for HVAC systems are still based on a single fault hypothesis and do not provide insights into dependability in the case of multiple faults. Therefore, this paper presents modeling patterns of numerous faults in HVAC systems based on data from field failure rates and maintenance records. The extended FI framework supports the injection of multiple faults with exact control of the timing, locality, and values in fault-injection vectors. A multi-dimensional fault model is defined, including the probability of the occurrence of different sensor and actuator faults. Comprehensive experimental results provide insights into the system’s behavior for concrete example scenarios using patterns of multiple faults. The experimental results serve as a quantitative evaluation of key performance indicators (KPI) such as energy efficiency, air quality, and thermal comfort. For example, combining a CO2 sensor fault with a heater actuator fault increased energy consumption by more than 70%.
Energy, Waves, and Forces in Bilateral Fracture of the Femoral Necks: Two Case Presentations and Updated Critical Review

Two case reports and an updated critical review on bilateral fractures of the femoral neck are presented. Bilateral fractures of the femoral neck have been investigated for at least 80 years and are treated as rare cases. The primary cause is usually considered an external shock; however, aside from high energy shocks (e.g., falling and impact with hard, rigid surfaces, traffic accidents, etc.) the underlying causes of femoral neck frailty have not yet been fully understood. Although not exhaustive, the review spans cases reported as early as 1944 and compares their conclusions in line with medicine developments at the time of the reports until present. The discussion is perhaps controversial at times; it brings to the fore the energy balance between shock waves and stress waves. The two cases reported here add to the review, one highlighting the biomechanics, and the other supporting more recent findings on metabolic disorders, which ultimately lead to enhanced frailty of the femoral neck. Investigation of the fractures has been performed with X-ray radiographs, MRI, and CT, with a follow up using a Doppler US to check blood flow in the lower zone of the limbs. The second case was investigated both for fractures and metabolic diseases, e.g., type I diabetes and kidney failure (dialysis). In Case 1 the second fracture was not observable at the time of admission, and therefore two surgery operations were performed at seven days interval. Taperloc Complete prostheses (Zimmer Biomet) were applied. Case 2 suffered a second fracture in the right hip in the segment above the knee and required better fixation with cables. Despite this, she returned one month later with a new crack in the femur. Case 1 is a typical case of wear consequences on the biomechanics of the hill pad-tibia-femur-femoral neck system, where tension of the neck occurred due to a stress wave rather than a shock wave. This can be proven by the absence of a second fracture from the images first acquired, the only evidence being pain and walking difficulty. Case 2 shows that metabolic diseases can dramatically enhance the frequency of bilateral femoral neck fractures.
Perceived benefits, challenges, and recommendations for HIV research dissemination and implementation science efforts in Tanzania: Findings from the HIV/AIDS Research Forum brainstorming session

Although several international and national HIV/AIDS conferences exist, there was not a national conference in Tanzania focusing on HIV/AIDS disseminating and implementation research conducted in the country and abroad. This created a missed opportunity for researchers to share their research findings with local policymakers and HIV program implementers who can influence the adoption and implementation of promising research in public health and clinical practice settings. In response, the first HIV/AIDS D&I Research Forum designed to enhance local D&I efforts for HIV research, was organized in Tanzania in 2018. This paper explores the perceived benefits of the HIV/AIDS D&I Research Forum and potential challenges of developing similar forums and recommendation for future HIV research D&I conference in Tanzania. During the second day of the Forum, which was held in September 2018 in Morogoro, Tanzania, a 1-hour structured brainstorming session was conducted with the Forum attendees (n = 50), including researchers, medical professionals, policymakers, representatives from different ministries. Transcription of the brainstorming session was analyzed to identify benefits of the Forum, perceived challenges for organizing similar HIV/AIDS research dissemination events, and recommendations for addressing the challenges. Overall, participants perceived the forum to be beneficial because it provided opportunities for strategic collaborations between researchers, policymakers, and other stakeholders and for them to discuss challenges for D&I efforts. Forum attendees also identified several potential challenges for future D&I research forums such as the abstract requirement which may deter non-researchers, costs, meeting frequencies, and lack of funding and coordination between organizations involved in D&I research efforts. To address these concerns, a recommendation was made to host a biennial national conference in order to allow more time for ethical review and feedback that can enhance contribution of the project to D&I efforts and to raise funds. The benefits identified for the Forum highlight the importance of organizing similar D&I meetings for HIV-related research at the national level in Tanzania. However, the potential challenges discussed need to be addressed in order to develop a sustainable national D&I research conference by incorporating recommendations that forum attendees proposed.
Dynamic Volatility Modeling of Indonesian Insurance Company Stocks

The Indonesian capital market is one of the investment destination countries for investors in developed countries. The development of economic conditions in Indonesia itself is considered suitable for investors to invest. Insurance sector stocks are one of the sectors that are the target of investors. This study predicts the share price of insurance companies. Data in daily form from 2010 to 2020 uses the Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity - Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH - GARCH) method. The results showed that forecasting that was carried out until 2025 all the insurance companies studied experienced an upward trend in stock prices. Investors can manage their funds by increasing or decreasing the insurance stock portfolio and adjusting the asset allocation with the investment strategy.
Feeding ecology of the endangered Himalayan Gray Langur Semnopithecus ajax in Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India

This study on the feeding ecology of Himalayan Gray Langur or the Chamba Sacred Langur Semnopithecus ajax is a crucial baseline step as very little is known about this species due to its long taxonomic uncertainty and limited distribution range. This study was done in Kalatop-Khajjiar Wildlife Sanctuary, Chamba, Himachal Pradesh using scan sampling method. A total of 71 scan samples were collected in the study area from September 2020 to November 2020 focusing on the autumn diet of the species. Group size, group composition, and distribution of the langurs were also recorded. Totally, 20 species of plants belonging to 15 different botanical families were recorded which contribute to the diet. Hedera nepalensis, Quercus oblongata, and Ilex dipyrena formed the major components of the diet. The langurs consumed a substantial portion of leaves (84.32%), followed by fruits and flowers. Mature leaves being a part of the diet of langurs has proven the broaden repertoires of langurs inhabiting the Himalayan landscape. Also, a difference in the diet composition of two study groups was recorded which might be the result of varying distribution with respect to elevation.
Predictions of the quantum landscape multiverse

The 2015 Planck data release has placed tight constraints on the class of inflationary models allowed. The current best fit region favors concave downwards inflationary potentials, since they produce a suppressed tensor to scalar index ratio r. Concave downward potentials have a negative curvature V′′, therefore a tachyonic mass square that drives fluctuations. Furthermore, their use can become problematic if the field rolls in a part of the potential away from the extrema, since the semiclassical approximation of quantum cosmology, used for deriving the most probable wavefunction of the universe from the landscape and for addressing the quantum to classical transition, breaks down away from the steepest descent region. We here propose a way of dealing with such potentials by inverting the metric signature and solving for the wavefunction of the universe in the Euclidean sector. This method allows us to extend our theory of the origin of the universe from a quantum multiverse, to a more general class of concave inflationary potentials where a straightforward application of the semiclassical approximation fails. The work here completes the derivation of modifications to the Newtonian potential and to the inflationary potential, which originate from the quantum entanglement of our universe with all others in the quantum landscape multiverse, leading to predictions of observational signatures for both types of inflationary models, concave and convex potentials.
A Multiwavelength Study of Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies from the Second Byurakan Survey

In this work we present a multiwavelength study of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) discovered in the Second Byurakan Survey (SBS). The sample consists of 26 objects, which have MB ≥ -23.0, or -19.9 > MB > -23.0, 0.0243 < z < 0.317, and 15.2 < B < 19.0. For these objects, we present accurate coordinates, magnitudes, redshifts, and the identification of optical objects with X-ray, IR, and radio sources. Several galaxies are identified as X-ray or radio sources for the first time. We also report spectroscopic and photometric data, the spectral energy distribution, αox indices, and other data. Our study shows that SBS NLS1s are strong or moderately strong soft X-ray sources with log LX = 42.8-45.4. Soft X-ray-luminous sources in our sample do not tend to be luminous in the infrared. All SBS NLS1s are radio-quiet objects (log LR < 40.0), and 52% of them are strong Fe II emitters (Fe II λ4570/Hβ > 1). The traditional linear correlation LX and Lop, which seems to hold for active galactic nuclei in general, is found for SBS NLS1s. An anticorrelation between the FWHM of Hβ and the ratio of Fe II λ4570/Hβ is also observed. A weak correlation is found between αox slope and Lop. One of our main findings is that almost all SBS NLS1s may not have an FIR bump. Their spectral energy distribution suggests that they may also possess a big blue bump. The absence of an IR bump in most SBS NLS1s and the weakness of X-ray radiation in some of them may argue against the presence of a broad-line region. The surface density of SBS NLS1s is less than 0.015 deg-2 (B < 17.5,z < 0.16).
Exploring fusion techniques in U-Net and DeepLab V3 architectures for multi-modal land cover classification

Many deep learning architectures exist for semantic segmentation. In this paper, their application to multi-modal remote sensing data is examined. Two well-known network architectures, U-Net and DeepLab V3+, developed originally for RGB image data, are modified to accept additional input channels, such as near infrared or depth information. In both networks, ResNet101 is used as the backbone, while data-preprocessing steps, including data augmentation, are identical. We compare both networks and experiment with different fusion techniques in U-Net and with hyper-parameters for weighting the input channels for fusion in DeepLab V3+. We also evaluate the effect of pre-training on RGB and non-RGB data. The results show a minimally better performance of the DeepLab V3+ model compared to U-Net, while for the certain classes, such as vehicles, U-Net yields a slightly superior accuracy.
Novel Hydroxypyridine Compound Protects Brain Cells against Ischemic Damage In Vitro and In Vivo

A non-surgical pharmacological approach to control cellular vitality and functionality during ischemic and/or reperfusion-induced phases of strokes remains extremely important. The synthesis of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium gammalactone-2,3-dehydro-L-gulonate (3-EA) was performed using a topochemical reaction. The cell-protective effects of 3-EA were studied on a model of glutamate excitotoxicity (GluTox) and glucose-oxygen deprivation (OGD) in a culture of NMRI mice cortical cells. Ca2+ dynamics was studied using fluorescent bioimaging and a Fura-2 probe, cell viability was assessed using cytochemical staining with propidium iodide, and gene expression was assessed by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. The compound anti-ischemic efficacy in vivo was evaluated on a model of irreversible middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in Sprague-Dawley male rats. Brain morphological changes and antioxidant capacity were assessed one week after the pathology onset. The severity of neurological disorder was evaluated dynamically. 3-EA suppressed cortical cell death in a dose-dependent manner under the excitotoxic effect of glutamate and ischemia/reoxygenation. Pre-incubation of cerebral cortex cells with 10–100 µM 3-EA led to significant stagnation in Ca2+ concentration in a cytosol ([Ca2+]i) of neurons and astrocytes suffering GluTox and OGD. Decreasing intracellular Ca2+ and establishing a lower [Ca2+]i baseline inhibited necrotic cell death in an acute experiment. The mechanism of 3-EA cytoprotective action involved changes in the baseline and ischemia/reoxygenation-induced expression of genes encoding anti-apoptotic proteins and proteins of the oxidative status; this led to inhibition of the late irreversible stages of apoptosis. Incubation of brain cortex cells with 3-EA induced an overexpression of the anti-apoptotic genes BCL-2, STAT3, and SOCS3, whereas the expression of genes regulating necrosis and inflammation (TRAIL, MLKL, Cas-1, Cas-3, IL-1β and TNFa) were suppressed. 3-EA 18.0 mg/kg intravenous daily administration for 7 days following MCA occlusion preserved rats’ cortex neuron population, decreased the severity of neurological deficit, and spared antioxidant capacity of damaged tissues. 3-EA demonstrated proven short-term anti-ischemic activity in vivo and in vitro, which can be associated with antioxidant activity and the ability to target necrotic and apoptotic death. The compound may be considered a potential neuroprotective molecule for further pre-clinical investigation.
High Efficacy and Drug Synergy of HDAC6-Selective Inhibitor NN-429 in Natural Killer (NK)/T-Cell Lymphoma

NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) and γδ T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (γδ T-NHL) are highly aggressive lymphomas that lack rationally designed therapies and rely on repurposed chemotherapeutics from other hematological cancers. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been targeted in a range of malignancies, including T-cell lymphomas. This study represents exploratory findings of HDAC6 inhibition in NKTCL and γδ T-NHL through a second-generation inhibitor NN-429. With nanomolar in vitro HDAC6 potency and high in vitro and in cellulo selectivity for HDAC6, NN-429 also exhibited long residence time and improved pharmacokinetic properties in contrast to older generation inhibitors. Following unique selective cytotoxicity towards γδ T-NHL and NKTCL, NN-429 demonstrated a synergistic relationship with the clinical agent etoposide and potential synergies with doxorubicin, cytarabine, and SNS-032 in these disease models, opening an avenue for combination treatment strategies.
A Further Study of the of GRBs: Rest-frame Properties, External Plateau Contributions, and Multiple Parameter Analysis

Zhang et al. propose to redefine the true γ-ray burst (GRB) central engine activity duration, , by considering the contributions from the prompt γ-ray emission, X-ray flare, and internal plateau features. With a comprehensive study of a large sample of Swift GRBs, it is shown that the distribution in the observer frame consists of a bimodal feature, suggesting the existence of a new population of ultra-long GRBs. In this work, we make a series of further studies on : we update the Swift GRB sample up to 2016 June; we investigate the properties of distribution in the rest frame; we redefine by involving external plateau contributions; and we make a multiple parameter analysis to investigate whether the bursts within the ultra-long population are statistically different in the sense of other features besides the duration distribution. We find that for all situations, the distribution of requires two normal distributions in logarithmic space to provide a good fit both in the observer frame and in the rest frame. Considering the observational gap effect would not completely erase the bimodal distribution feature. However, the bursts within the ultra-long population may have no statistical difference in the sense of other features besides the duration term. We thus suggest that if the ultra-long population of GRBs indeed exists, their central engine and radiation mechanisms should be similar to those of the normal population, but they have a longer central engine activity timescale.