Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ge-Gen Decoction Exerts an Anti-Primary Dysmenorrhea Effect in Rats by Inactivating the HSP90/NLRP3/NF-κB/COX-2 Pathway

Objective Although Ge-Gen decoction (GGD) has beneficial effects on primary dysmenorrhea (PD), the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Our previous proteomic data revealed decreased level of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in uterine tissues of rats with PD after GGD treatment. However, the potential role of HSP90 in the anti-PD effect of GGD and the underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. This study investigated the potential role and mechanism of HSP90 in the anti-PD effect of GGD using a PD rat model. Methods Wistar female rats were used to investigate the potential role of HSP90 in the anti-PD effect of GGD. The rat PD model was established by injecting estradiol benzoate and oxytocin. GGD, Terazosin (an agonist of HSP90) or GGD combined with Terazosin were orally administered to the PD rats. The expression levels of protein and cytokines, including HSP90, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the uterine tissue of rats in each group were detected by immunohistochemical assay or Western blot. Results GGD ameliorated the writhing response, suppressed the protein levels of HSP90 and inflammation-associated proteins, including NLRP3, NF-κB, and COX-2 in uterine tissues of rats with PD. Terazosin attenuated the anti-PD effect of GGD and reversed the effects of GGD on the protein levels of NLRP3, NF-κB and COX-2 in uterine tissues. Conclusion GGD exerts an anti-PD effect and suppresses levels of HSP90 and some inflammation associated proteins in uterine tissues of rats.
1997: The El Niño of the Century and the Response of the Indian Summer Monsoon

Abstract The year 1997 was characterized by the rapid development of an El Nino whose strength exceeded any previously observed this century. The basic understanding of the influence of El Nino on the Asian summer monsoon suggested that the monsoon should be substantially deficient, yet the all-India rainfall (AIR) was 2% above normal. The reasons for this have been investigated in terms of both the seasonal-mean, large-scale circulation anomalies and the subseasonal, regional weather events. By comparing the results with a similar analysis of two previous major El Nino events in 1982 and 1987, the common and disparate features of the response have been identified. On the large scale, the basic hypothesis that, in El Nino years, the strength of the monsoon is influenced by a modulation of the Walker circulation, in which there is implied additional subsidence over the west Pacific and southeast Asia, is generally supported by the results. However, the results have shown that the modulation of the local Ha.
Susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni to Stressors in Agrifood Systems and Induction of a Viable-but-Nonculturable State

The VBNC state of pathogens can pose risks to food safety and public health because the pathogens cannot be detected using conventional microbiological culture-based methods but can resuscitate under favorable conditions to develop virulence. As a leading cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide, C. jejuni can enter the VBNC state to survive in the environment and food-processing chain with high prevalence. ABSTRACT Many bacteria can become viable but nonculturable (VBNC) in response to stressors commonly identified in agrifood systems. Campylobacter is able to enter the VBNC state to evade unfavorable environmental conditions, but how food processing can induce Campylobacter jejuni to enter this state and the potential role of foods in inducing the VBNC state in C. jejuni remains largely unknown. In this study, the culturability and viability of C. jejuni cells were investigated under chlorine treatment (25 ppm), aerobic stress (atmospheric condition), and low-temperature (4°C) conditions that mimicked food processing. In addition, the behaviors of C. jejuni cells in ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) and pasteurized milk were also monitored during refrigerated storage. The numbers of viable and culturable C. jejuni cells in both the pure bacterial culture and food matrices were separately determined by propidium monoazide (PMA)-quantitative PCR (qPCR) and plating assay. The C. jejuni cells lost their culturability but partially retained their viability (1% to 10%) once mixed with chlorine. In comparison, ~10% of C. jejuni cells were induced to enter the VBNC state after 24 h and 20 days under aerobic and low-temperature conditions, respectively. The viability of the C. jejuni cells remained stable during the induction process in UHT (>10%) and pasteurized (>10%) milk. The number of culturable C. jejuni cells decreased quickly in pasteurized milk, but culturable cells could still be detected in the end (day 21). In contrast, the number of culturable C. jejuni cells slowly decreased, and they became undetectable after >42 days in UHT milk. The C. jejuni cells responded differently to various stress conditions and survived in high numbers in the VBNC state in agrifood systems. IMPORTANCE The VBNC state of pathogens can pose risks to food safety and public health because the pathogens cannot be detected using conventional microbiological culture-based methods but can resuscitate under favorable conditions to develop virulence. As a leading cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide, C. jejuni can enter the VBNC state to survive in the environment and food-processing chain with high prevalence. In this study, the effect of food-processing conditions and food products on the development of VBNC state in C. jejuni was investigated, providing a better understanding of the interaction between C. jejuni and the agroecosystem. The knowledge elicited from this study can aid in developing novel intervention strategies to reduce the food safety risks associated with this microbe.
Electromagnetic field produced by a vertical electric dipole on a negative-index media half space

The analytical expressions of electromagnetic field induced by a vertical electric dipole on a negative-index media half space are obtained. It can be seen that the electromagnetic field in the presence of a half-space with negative-index media is consisted of lateral wave and surface wave. The propagation wave-number of surface wave is less than both wave number k_1 in the air and wave number ｜k_2｜ in the negative-index-media, so this kind of surface wave is a kind of slow wave. The amplitude of surface wave for lossless media decrease with radial diatance as 1/ρ~ 1/2.
A Improved Public Key Algorithm Based on RSA's Algorithm

In allusion to the chosen ciphertext attack and the common modulus attack etc security matter consisted in RSA's Public Key cryptographics algorithm, the original utilizes two combinatorial identical equation and RSA's public key cryptographics algorithm, and the structure was come out one improved public key algorithm, and that algorithm is easy, and it can avoid or partially avoid this type security matter consisted in RSA's,then it still more haves secure quality than RSA.
PLAU contributes to the development of cholangiocarcinoma via activating NF‐κB signaling pathway

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a type of epithelial cancer with poor outcomes and late diagnosis. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the promoting role of plasminogen activator, urokinase (PLAU) in several tumor types, while its function in CCA is largely unknown. The expression of PLAU in CCA was determined by data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and further confirmed in human tissues using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Moreover, PLAU‐silencing CCA cell models were constructed for subsequent functional assays in vitro and in vivo. PLAU expression in CCA was significantly higher than that in normal tissues. High PLAU expression was positively correlated with poor patients' survival. PLAU knockdown remarkably suppressed proliferation and migration of CCA cells, whereas enhanced apoptosis. Consistently, tumor growth in mice injected with PLAU‐silencing CCA cells was also impaired. Furthermore, we revealed that the activation of NF‐κB signaling was required for PLAU‐induced malignant phenotypes of CCA cells. Inhibiting the high expression of PLAU in CCA may be a potential entry point for targeted therapy in CCA patient.
Two puzzles for a theory of lexical aspect: semelfactives and degree achievements

Vendler 1957/1967, followed by Dowty 1979, distinguished four classes of verbs, based on empirical evidence such as different patterns of cooccurence with various kinds of temporal modifiers. The classification is semantic, since the different verb classes are distinguished by the different properties of the events in their denotation. The four classes that Vendler distinguishes are states, such as love, know and believe; activities, such as run, walk and swim; achievements, such as arrive, die, notice, realise, and reach; and accomplishments, such as read (a book), and build (the house). I discuss the linguistic properties of these classes in detail in Rothstein (2004); the most important facts can be summarised as follows. First, states and achievements do not naturally occur in the progressive, while activities and achievements do, as illustrated in (1):
Daratumumab-lenalidomide and daratumumab-pomalidomide in relapsed lenalidomide-exposed or refractory multiple myeloma

Daratumumab is an anti-CD38 mAb, used frequently in combination with lenalidomide and pomalidomide. No studies compared daratumumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone (DRd) to daratumumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone (DPd) in lenalidomide-exposed multiple myeloma. We identified 504 consecutive multiple myeloma patients who received daratumumab at Mayo Clinic between January 2015 and April 2019. We excluded patients who received daratumumab in the first line, received more than four lines of therapy prior to daratumumab use, did not receive lenalidomide prior to daratumumab, or had an unknown status of lenalidomide exposure, and patients who received daratumumab combinations other than DRd or DPd. We examined the impact of using DRd compared to DPd on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Out of 504 patients, 162 received DRd or DPd and were included; 67 were lenalidomide-exposed and 95 were lenalidomide-refractory. DRd was used in 76 (47%) and DPd in 86 (53%) patients. In lenalidomide-exposed multiple myeloma, there was no difference in median PFS; 34.2 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 22.8–44.6] for DRd compared to 25.2 months (95% CI, 4.9–35.3) for DPd, P = 0.2. In lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma, there was no difference in median PFS; 18.6 months (95% CI, 13–32) for DRd compared to 9 months (95% CI, 5.2–14.6) for DPd, P = 0.09. No difference in median OS was observed in DRd compared to DPd. Our study shows combining daratumumab with lenalidomide in patients with prior lenalidomide use is a viable and effective treatment option.
A patient with heart failure, who is frail: How does this affect therapeutic decisions?

Patients with heart failure (HF) are heterogeneous, not only related to comorbidities but also in the presentation of frailty syndrome. Frailty syndrome also affects patients with HF across the lifespan. Frailty in patients with HF has a significant impact on clinical features, diagnosis, management, adverse medical outcomes and costs. In everyday clinical practice, frail patients with HF require an individualized approach, often imposing the need to modify therapeutic decisions. The aim of this review is to illustrate how frailty and multimorbidity in HF can affect therapeutic decisions. The scientific evidence underlying this publication was obtained from an analysis of papers indexed in the PubMed database. The search was limited to articles published between 1990 and July 2022. The search was limited to full-text papers published in English. The database was searched for relevant MeSH phrases and their combinations and keywords including: “elderly, frail”; “frailty, elderly”; “frail older adults”; “frailty, older adults”; “adult, frail older”; “frailty, heart failure”; “frailty, multimorbidity”; “multimorbidity, heart failure”; “multimorbidity, elderly”; “older adults, cardiovascular diseases”. In therapeutic decisions regarding patients with HF, additionally burdened with multimorbidity and frailty, it becomes necessary to individualize the approach in relation to optimization and treatment of coexisting diseases, frailty assessment, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment and in the implementation of invasive procedures in the form of implantable devices or cardiac surgery.
Flux-induced midgap states between strain-engineered flat bands

Half-integer quantized flux vortices appear in honeycomb lattices when the signs of an odd number of couplings around a plaquette are inverted. We show that states trapped at these vortices can be isolated by applying inhomogeneous strain to the system. A vortex then results in localized mid-gap states lying between the strain-induced pseudo-Landau levels, with $2n+1$ midgap states appearing between the $n$th and the $n+1$st level. These states are well-defined spectrally isolated and spatially localized excitations that could be realized in electronic and photonic systems based on graphene-like honeycomb lattices. In the context of Kitaev's honeycomb model of interacting spins, the mechanism improves the localization of non-Abelian anyons in the spin-liquid phase, and reduces their mutual interactions. The described states also serve as a testbed for fundamental physics in the emerging low-energy theory, as the correct energies and degeneracies of the excitations are only replicated if one accounts for the effective hyperbolic geometric induced by the strain. We further illuminate this by considering the effects of an additional external magnetic field, resulting in a characteristic spatial dependence that directly maps out the inhomogeneous metric of the emerging hyperbolic space.
3D poroviscoelastic rotated staggered finite-difference modeling with PML absorbing boundary conditions

Summary In this paper, 3D poroviscoelastic wave equations are obtained with Biot-Newton dynamical equations, dynamic Darcy’s law and constitutive equations. Rotated staggered finite difference is adopted to solve the wave equations. Perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary conditions are applied to remove boundary reflections. Numerical modeling results demonstrate the correctness of the developed modeling scheme and show wave propagation properties in 3D poroviscoelastic media.
Impact of Wood Age on Termite Microbial Assemblages

Termites can feed on wood thanks to their association with their gut microbes. However, the current understanding of termites as holobiont is limited. ABSTRACT The decomposition of wood and detritus is challenging to most macroscopic organisms due to the recalcitrant nature of lignocellulose. Moreover, woody plants often protect themselves by synthesizing toxic or nocent compounds which infuse their tissues. Termites are essential wood decomposers in warmer terrestrial ecosystems and, as such, they have to cope with high concentrations of plant toxins in wood. In this paper, we evaluated the influence of wood age on the gut microbial (bacterial and fungal) communities associated with the termites Reticulitermes flavipes (Rhinotermitidae) (Kollar, 1837) and Microcerotermes biroi (Termitidae) (Desneux, 1905). We confirmed that the secondary metabolite concentration decreased with wood age. We identified a core microbial consortium maintained in the gut of R. flavipes and M. biroi and found that its diversity and composition were not altered by the wood age. Therefore, the concentration of secondary metabolites had no effect on the termite gut microbiome. We also found that both termite feeding activities and wood age affect the wood microbiome. Whether the increasing relative abundance of microbes with termite activities is beneficial to the termites is unknown and remains to be investigated. IMPORTANCE Termites can feed on wood thanks to their association with their gut microbes. However, the current understanding of termites as holobiont is limited. To our knowledge, no studies comprehensively reveal the influence of wood age on the termite-associated microbial assemblage. The wood of many tree species contains high concentrations of plant toxins that can vary with their age and may influence microbes. Here, we studied the impact of Norway spruce wood of varying ages and terpene concentrations on the microbial communities associated with the termites Reticulitermes flavipes (Rhinotermitidae) and Microcerotermes biroi (Termitidae). We performed a bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS2 metabarcoding study to reveal the microbial communities associated with R. flavipes and M. biroi and their impact on shaping the wood microbiome. We noted that a stable core microbiome in the termites was unaltered by the feeding substrate, while termite activities influenced the wood microbiome, suggesting that plant secondary metabolites have negligible effects on the termite gut microbiome. Hence, our study shed new insights into the termite-associated microbial assemblage under the influence of varying amounts of terpene content in wood and provides a groundwork for future investigations for developing symbiont-mediated termite control measures.
The World Health Organization classifications of pituitary neuroendocrine tumours: a clinico-pathological appraisal.

The classification of tumours of the pituitary gland has recently been revised in the 2021 5th edition World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Central Nervous System Tumours (CNS5) and 2022 5th edition WHO Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumours (ENDO5). This brief review aims to appraise the most relevant changes and updates introduced in the two classifications. A new nomenclature has been introduced in CNS5 and ENDO5 to align adenohypophyseal tumours with the classification framework of neuroendocrine neoplasia. The term Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumour (PitNET) with subtype information has therefore been adopted and preferred to adenoma. Pituitary carcinoma has been replaced by metastatic PitNET. The ICD-O coding has been changed from benign to malignant in line with NETs from other organs. Histological typing and subtyping based on immunohistochemistry for lineage restricted pituitary transcription factors is regarded as the cornerstone for an accurate classification. Such approach does not fully reflect the complexity and dynamics of pituitary tumorigenesis and the variability of transcription factors expression. ENDO5 does not supported a grading and/or staging system and argues that histological typing and subtyping is more robust than proliferation rate and invasiveness to stratify tumours with low or high risk of recurrence. However, the prognostic and predictive relevance of histotype is not fully validated. Recent studies suggest the existence of clinically relevant molecular subgroups and emphasize the need of a standardized, histo-molecular integrated approach to the diagnosis of PitNETs to further our understanding of their biology and overcome the unsolved issue of grading and/or staging system.
Acthar Gel Inhibits the Activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells

Several inflammatory diseases are characterized by elevated T cell counts and high pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Inhibiting T cell activity may reduce tissue damage associated with these diseases. Acthar® Gel has potent anti-inflammatory properties, yet little is known about its effect on T cells. This study compared the effects of Acthar, synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone 1–24 (ACTH1–24) depot, and prednisolone in a murine model of T cell activation. Assessments of CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and plasma concentrations of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were made following anti-CD3-activation. Acthar significantly reduced the number of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at amounts comparable to synthetic ACTH1–24 depot or prednisolone. However, Acthar reduced production of IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α significantly more than the other drugs, suggesting that the in vivo immunomodulatory effects of Acthar on T cells are distinct from synthetic ACTH1–24 depot or prednisolone.
A Random-patch based Defense Strategy Against Physical Attacks for Face Recognition Systems

The physical attack has been regarded as a kind of threat against real-world computer vision systems. Still, many existing defense methods are only useful for small perturbations attacks and can't detect physical attacks effectively. In this paper, we propose a random-patch based defense strategy to robustly detect physical attacks for Face Recognition System (FRS). Different from mainstream defense methods which focus on building complex deep neural networks (DNN) to achieve high recognition rate on attacks, we introduce a patch based defense strategy to a standard DNN aiming to obtain robust detection models. Extensive experimental results on the employed datasets show the superiority of the proposed defense method on detecting white-box attacks and adaptive attacks which attack both FRS and the defense method. Additionally, due to the simpleness yet robustness of our method, it can be easily applied to the real world face recognition system and extended to other defense methods to boost the detection performance.
Leveraging Composition-Based Material Descriptors for Machine Learning Optimization

In this study, we evaluate several classifiers and focus on selecting a minimal set of appropriate material features. Our objective is to propose and discuss general strategies for reducing the number of descriptors required for material classification. The first strategy involves testing whether the critical temperature of the target material property is invariant with respect to binary groups of composition-based features. We also propose a multi-objective optimization procedure to reduce the set of composition-based material descriptors. The latter procedure is found to be particularly useful when applied to Bayesian classifiers. We test the proposed strategies focusing on low-temperature superconductors material data extracted from a public database.
Twisted $S^1$ stability and positive scalar curvature obstruction on fiber bundles

We establish several non-existence results of positive scalar curvature (PSC) on fiber bundles. We show under an incompressible condition of the fiber, for $X^m$ a Cartan-Hadamard manifold or an aspherical manifold when $m=3$, the fiber bundle over $X^m\#M^m$ ($m\ge 3$) with $K(\pi,1)$ fiber, $NPSC^+$(a manifold class including enlargeable and Schoen-Yau-Schick ones) fiber, or spin fiber of non-vanishing Rosenberg index carries no PSC metric, with necessary dimension and spin compactible condition imposed. Furthermore, we show under a homotopically nontrivial condition of the fiber, the $S^1$ principle bundle over a closed 3-manifold admits PSC metric if and only if its base space does. These partially answer a question of Gromov and extend some previous results of Hanke, Schick and Zeidler concerning PSC obstruction on fiber bundles.