Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of CORDEX‐CORE regional climate models in simulating rainfall variability in Rwanda

In this study, three regional climate models (RCMs), CCLM5‐0‐15, RegCM4‐7 and REMO2015, from CORDEX‐CORE (AFR‐22) are evaluated in their ability to reproduce rainfall variability in Rwanda for the period 1981–2005. They are driven by three different global climate models (GCMs), namely MPI‐M‐MPI‐ESM‐LR, NCC‐NorESM1‐M and MOHC‐HadGEM2‐ES, and the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis (ECMWF‐ERAINT). Simulated rainfall is evaluated against observations from Rwanda Meteorology Agency to assess models' performance. A set of metrics are used to quantify discrepancies of models' simulations from observations. A possible association of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) to rainfall over Rwanda is investigated. It is found that in general, all RCMs, their ensemble and multimodel ensemble means reproduce satisfactorily the spatial distribution of the mean seasonal rainfall (MSR), the mean rainfall annual cycle, and the interannual variability of the MSR for both March–April–May (MAM) and October–November–December (OND). However, significant biases in individual RCMs are observed with varying magnitude of bias in space. Observed MSR indicates a positive trend of 0.045 and 0.058 mm·day·year−1, respectively, for MAM and OND at 0.05 significance level, but almost all models indicate no significant trend (at 0.05 significance level). The seasonal correlations between observed rainfall anomalies and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies indices across the tropical Pacific (Niño1+2 and Niño3.4) and Indian Oceans associated, respectively, with ENSO and IOD, although relatively weak, are reproduced by the three RCMs driven by ECMWF‐ERAINT and the multimodel ensemble means of ECMWF‐ERAINT and MPI‐M‐MPI‐ESM‐LR. Analysis of the Taylor diagram indicates that CCLM5‐0‐15_MPI‐M‐MPI‐ESM‐LR and the multimodel ensemble mean of MPI‐M‐MPI‐ESM‐LR outperform individual models. Overall, the evaluation finds reasonable model skill in representing seasonal rainfall climatology and variability, suggesting the potential use of CORDEX‐CORE (AFR‐22) RCMs for the assessment of future climate projections in Rwanda.
A Simple Denture-Marking Technique for Patients Residing at Old Age Homes

Denture marking helps to identify unknown individuals in social and forensic scenarios. This article describes a simple technique of incorporating a patient's photograph with details in the patient’s denture. The photographic marker will help in quick identification in old age homes as it is easily readable by a layperson, playing an important role in day-to-day identification. This technique can be used to label both new and existing dentures that are not marked. The simple technique will ensure positive identification of denture wearers.
Vagueness in Context

1. The nature of vagueness: Humpty Dumpty gets his due 2. Interlude: the place and role of model theory 3. A start on model theory 4. Connectives, quantifiers, logic 5. Refinements and extensions I: so-called 'higher-order vagueness' 6. Refinements and extensions II: objects, identity, and abstracts 7. Metaphysical matters: language, the WORLD, and objectivity Appendix: Waismann on open-texture and analyticity
Rocky reef fish biodiversity and conservation in a Brazilian Hope Spot region

Abstract Coastal islands of Grande Rio, located south Rio de Janeiro and Maricá cities have been under multiple anthropogenic impacts. Despite these problems, these insular systems shelter a high diversity of fish species. Reef fishes are essential components of tropical marine coastal communities, also providing food and income for millions of people around the world. In this work, we generated an updated checklist from Cagarras Islands Natural Monument and surrounding areas based on fisheries data, literature records and multiple sampling techniques, including the Submersible Rotating Video technique, used for the first time in Brazil. We present an inventory of 282 fish species representing 91 different families, with 21 new records for the study area, including a non-native species (Heniochus acuminatus). In addition, our results show a moderate endemism level for the Brazilian province (approximately 6.0%), while 10.5% of species are assigned to one of IUCN’s threatened categories. Our efforts show the fish biodiversity scenario and their distribution on coastal islands more than 10 years after the Cagarras Islands Natural Monument establishment, reinforcing the importance of monitoring research programs for the management of this Marine Protected Area and surrounding waters, that play a key role for artisanal fisheries.
Stability properties of azimuthally symmetric perturbations in an intense electron beam. Memorandum report

The Vlasov-Maxwell equations are used to investigate the stability of azimuthally symmetric perturbations (e.g., sausage and hollowing modes) of an electron ion beam immersed in a resistive plasma. The perturbed space charge and plasma current are treated self-consistently for any value of the plasma conductivity. A similar analysis of the hose instability is also carried out. The analysis is carried out for the 'loss-cone' distribution function in which all of the beam electrons have the same value of energy and the same value of axial canonical momentum. In the high conductivity regime, the system is shown to be strongly destabilized by a sufficiently large value of the fractional current neutralization.
Using Artificial Intelligence to Analyze Non-Human Drawings: A First Step with Orangutan Productions

Simple Summary Understanding drawing features is a complex task, particularly concerning non-human primates, where the relevant features may not be the same as those for humans. Here, we propose a methodology for objectively analyzing drawings. To do so, we used deep learning, which allows for automated feature selection and extraction, to classify a female orangutan’s drawings according to the seasons they were produced. We found evidence of seasonal variation in her drawing behavior according to the extracted features, and our results support previous findings that features linked to colors can partly explain seasonal variation. Using grayscale images, we demonstrate that not only do colors contain relevant information but also the shape of the drawings. In addition, this study demonstrates that both the style and content of drawings partly explain seasonal variations. Abstract Drawings have been widely used as a window to the mind; as such, they can reveal some aspects of the cognitive and emotional worlds of other animals that can produce them. The study of non-human drawings, however, is limited by human perception, which can bias the methodology and interpretation of the results. Artificial intelligence can circumvent this issue by allowing automated, objective selection of features used to analyze drawings. In this study, we use artificial intelligence to investigate seasonal variations in drawings made by Molly, a female orangutan who produced more than 1299 drawings between 2006 and 2011 at the Tama Zoological Park in Japan. We train the VGG19 model to first classify the drawings according to the season in which they are produced. The results show that deep learning is able to identify subtle but significant seasonal variations in Molly’s drawings, with a classification accuracy of 41.6%. We use VGG19 to investigate the features that influence this seasonal variation. We analyze separate features, both simple and complex, related to color and patterning, and to drawing content and style. Content and style classification show maximum performance for moderately complex, highly complex, and holistic features, respectively. We also show that both color and patterning drive seasonal variation, with the latter being more important than the former. This study demonstrates how deep learning can be used to objectively analyze non-figurative drawings and calls for applications to non-primate species and scribbles made by human toddlers.
Automatic Tuning and Turbulence Mitigation for Fixed-Wing UAV with Segmented Control Surfaces

Unlike bigger aircraft, the small fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles face significant stability challenges in a turbulent environment. To improve the flight performance, a fixed-wing UAV with segmented aileron control surfaces has been designed and deployed. A total of four ailerons are attached to the main wing and grouped into inner and outer aileron pairs. The controllers are automatically tuned by utilizing the frequency response data obtained via the frequency sampling filter and the relay with embedded integrator experiments. The hardware validation experiments are performed in the normal and turbulent flight environments under three configurations: inner aileron pair only, outer aileron pair only and collective actuation of all the aileron pairs. The error-threshold-based control is introduced to handle collective actuation of aileron pairs. The experiments have manifested that the collective usage of all aileron segments improves the roll attitude stability by a margin of 38.69% to 43.51% when compared to the independent actuation of aileron pairs in a turbulent atmosphere.
Impact of stirring time and the corresponding growth mechanism in the solvothermal synthesis of WO3 nanostructures

ABSTRACT WO3 nanostructures with different morphologies and dimensions were fabricated via solvothermal synthesis by adjusting the stirring time of the precursor solution. Ethanol-based solutions of the WCl6 precursor with various colors (dark green, yellow, white, blue, and blue-black) were prepared, and this triggered a significant change in the growth behavior during the evolution of WO3 nanostructures. Controlling the initial state of the precursors in solution enabled sequential nucleation and growth which resulted in the production of zero-to-three-dimensional nanostructures including nanoparticles, a mixture of nanosheets and nanoparticles, jointed-nanosheets, and three-dimensionally clustered jointed-nanosheets. The crystallographic characteristics (preferred orientation along the (002) plane) and the concentration of surface oxygen vacancies were also controllable, suggesting the formation of nanostructures with tuneable surface reactivity. Differing NO2 sensing performances were observed because of the variation in configurations of the WO3 nanostructures.
Antimicrobial Secondary Metabolites from the Mangrove Plants of Asia and the Pacific

Microbes such as the White Spot Syndrome Virus account for severe losses in the shrimp farming industry globally. This review examines the literature on the mangrove plants of Asia and the Pacific with antibacterial, antifungal, or antiviral activities. All of the available data published on this subject were collected from Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, ChemSpider, PubChem, and a library search from 1968 to 2022. Out of about 286 plant species, 119 exhibited antimicrobial effects, and a total of 114 antimicrobial natural products have been identified including 12 with MIC values below 1 µg/mL. Most of these plants are medicinal. The mangrove plants of Asia and the Pacific yield secondary metabolites with the potential to mitigate infectious diseases in shrimp aquaculture.
Public perceptions of a healthy lifestyle change conversational agent in Singapore: A qualitative study

Objective Conversational agents (CAs) are increasingly used for the delivery of healthy lifestyle behaviour interventions. This qualitative study aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators to participants’ usage of a healthy lifestyle change CA and collect their views on areas for its improvement. Methods Twenty participants were recruited from a convenience sample of users interacting with a CA promoting healthy lifestyle changes to the general population in Singapore. This CA, Precilla, educated users on healthy living, specifically: diet, exercise, sleep and stress; for four weeks. The volunteers participated in semi-structured interviews where an interview guide was used, with questions on acceptability, satisfaction and critical appraisal of the CA. Interviews were transcribed and analysed in parallel by two researchers using thematic content analysis. Results Four main themes were identified: (1) enjoyable and acceptable experiences, (2) suboptimal experience(s), (3) alterations to Precilla for enhanced interaction and (4) suggestions for the future. Enjoyable experiences referenced the CA's friendly personality and important content that motivated a positive change to their lifestyle. Some participants were less satisfied and found the content to be too simple or sometimes, the messages too lengthy. Conclusions Participants suggested that in the future, CAs should provide regularly updated content on healthy living, specifically pre-diabetes. Multiple answer options should also be provided for more personalisation along with links to external resources to help improve users’ health literacy. Further recommendations include a necessity for a user-centered approach in CA development, employment of engagement strategies, use of a delivery platform most familiar to the target population and stratified message timings to suit the population and purpose of CA. Translating the health CAs to languages relevant to the target group could also enable wider reach and applicability.
Versatile effects of transition metal-doped copper oxide nanoparticles on the efficacy of photocatalytic and antimicrobial activity

The structural, optical, photocatalytic, and antimicrobial properties of transition metals (Co, Ni, and Mn) incorporated CuO nanostructures via co-precipitation route were thoroughly investigated. The X-ray diffraction pattern revealed the monoclinic structure of pristine and doped CuO nanoparticles. The band gap of the synthesized nanoparticles was estimated using Tauc Plots, and the results revealed that the band gap increases with the incorporation of dopants in the CuO lattice. Sprouts, flowers, and cubic morphological structures were formed while doping copper oxide nanoparticles. The photocatalytic performance of synthesized nanoparticles for the degradation of rhodamine B dye was investigated. The results show that cobalt-doped CuO nanoparticles have excellent photocatalytic activity when compared to other samples. The antimicrobial activity of pristine and transition metal-doped copper oxide nanoparticles was investigated against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria via the agar well-diffusion method. Transition metal-doped CuO nanoparticles are found to possess more effective microbial resistance than pristine CuO. Graphical abstract
Scale-Up of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Protein Recovery Using Screw Presses

As a consequence of the increased demand for proteins for both feed and food, alternative protein sources from green plants such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa) have come into focus, together with methods to recover these proteins. In this study, we have investigated the use of screw presses for protein recovery from alfalfa at laboratory and pilot scale. We found that using a pilot scale screw press, with a working pressure of 6 bar, 16% of the total protein was recovered in one pressing, and that after rehydrating and repressing the alfalfa up to ten times, 48% of the total protein could be recovered. The green alfalfa protein concentrate was analyzed for total protein, amino acid profile, protein digestibility, color, ash, fiber and fat content. It was found that repetitive pressings lowered the digestibility of the protein pool and reduced the total protein concentration due to dilution. To achieve the best quality protein at the highest concentrations, it is recommended to press the alfalfa no more than twice, which results in an alfalfa protein concentrate with more than 32% soluble protein and greater than 82% digestibility.
Turbulence and nonlinear dynamics in MHD flows : proceedings of the Workshop on Turbulence and Nonlinear Dynamics in MHD Flows, Cargèse, France, July 4-8, 1988

Foreword. Stellar rotation, dynamo, electromagnetic braking, age and lithium burning. The origin of the galactic magnetic field. Random flow as a fast dynamo. Parity selection in nonlinear dynamos. Convective turbulent dynamos without rotation. Fast dynamo action in three-dimensional chaotic maps. Plasma turbulence resulting from the interaction between the solar wind and the earth's magnetic field. Kelvin-Helmholtz instability: Non-linear evolution. Flux transfer events - The results of three dimensional time-dependent magnetic reconnection. On the origin of solar wind turbulence: Helios data revisited. Observation and simulation of MHD turbulence in the solar wind. Nearly incompressible MHD turbulence in the solar wind. Quasi-two-dimensional nearly-incompressible solar wind fluctuations. Generation of fine-scale structure in the solar magnetic field. Rapid excitation of higher harmonic waves in the parametric instability of Alfven waves. Simulation of MHD-convection as a test for mean field theories. Non-linear dynamics and relaxation phenomena in reversed field pinch plasmas. The dynamics of current channels with large self-generated magnetic fields. Turbulent MHD relaxation: Driven, steady states. A trigger for the internal (q=1) disruption model. A turbulent sawtooth disruption model. On the existence, structure and stability of MHD equilibrium states. The topology of field lines. From exact solutions in MHD to chaos. Isolated magnetohydrodynamic eddies moving in a rotating thin sperical shell. Magnetic field lines reconnection in MDH turbulence. Small scale dynamics of an incompressible MHD flow. Decay of fully developed anisotropic MHD turbulence. Turbulent relaxation in compressible two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics. Simulation of magnetohydrodynamics using cellular automata: Initial results. Spiral structures in two-dimensional Navier-Stokes flows. Isocirculation flows. Generation of large scale structures by anisotropic kinetic alpha effect. Author Index. Subject Index. Contributors: J. Andreoletti, J. Bamber, B.J. Bayly, G. Belmont, M.A. Berger, A. Brandenburg, V. Carbone, G. Chanteur, H. Chen, S. Childress, J.L. Collett, M.A. Dubois, U. Frisch, W. Gekelman, S. Ghosh, A.D. Gilbert, M.L. Goldstein, R. Grappin, M. Hoshino, L.W. Klein, A.J. Klimas, F. Krause, R. Kulsrud, Y. -Q. Lou, R.L. Lysak, A. Mangeney, E. Marsch, W.H. Matthaeus, M. Meneguzzi, Z. Mikic, H.K. Moffatt, D. Montgomery, A. Nordlund, S. Ortolani, H. Pfister, H. Politano, A. Pouquet, P. Pulkkinen, D.A. Roberts, A. Roux, A.A. Ruzmaikin, E. Schatzman, D.D. Schnack, H. Scholl, Z.S. She, D.D. Sokoloff, Y. Song, R.F. Stein, R.L. Stenzel, P.L. Sulem, K. Tsinganos, I. Tuominen, G. Van Hoven, P. Veltri, Y. Zhou.
Shared understanding and social connection: Integrating approaches from social psychology, social network analysis, and neuroscience

Abstract Meaningfully connecting with others is critical to the well‐being of individuals. What phenomena contribute to and stem from social connection? In this paper, we integrate emerging work that uses neuroimaging and social network analysis with theories that explore the links between shared reality and social connection. We highlight recent work suggesting that the extent to which people have aligned mental processing and shared subjective construals to those around them—as shown by neural similarity—is associated with both objective and subjective social connection. On the other hand, idiosyncrasies are linked to difficulties with social connection. We conclude by suggesting how the links between shared understanding and social connection can be productively used as a framework to study psychosocial phenomena of interest.
Dual-Band Balanced BPF Using λ/4 Stepped-Impedance Resonators and Folded Feed Lines

This paper presents a second-order dual-band balanced bandpass filter (BPF) designed using bi-section quarter-wavelength (λ/4) stepped-impedance resonators (SIRs) and folded feed lines. The first two modes of the λ/4 SIRs are designed to resonate in the designated 2.4- and 5.2-GHz WLAN bands. High-impedance folded transmission-line sections are inserted in series with the feed lines to improve the overall impedance matching at the input/output ports, so that the signal transmission can be enhanced. In addition, the feed lines and λ/4 SIRs are properly arranged to form an all-stop-like coupling configuration for common-mode operation. For the first (second) operating band of interest, the fabricated balanced BPF printed on an FR4 substrate was measured to have a minimum differential-mode insertion loss of 3.03 dB (4.3 dB) and a minimum common-mode rejection level of as high as 15.7 dB (22.3 dB).
Extrafloral nectaries of an Atlantic Forest conservation area in Southeastern Brazil

Although extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) are reported as extremely important to understand ecological interactions, the diversity of EFN-bearing plants remains underappreciated. In Brazil, studies are concentrated in Cerrado and extremely poorly known in other phytogeographic domains, such as Atlantic forest. Thus, this study provides one of the first checklists of angiosperms with EFNs in a protected area of the Brazilian Atlantic forest, bringing information about the richness, location of EFNs on the plant’s organs, as well as plant’s habit and conservation status. A total of 93 EFN-bearing species belonging to 61 genera and 29 families is reported, which corresponds to 16.5 % of the local flora. The vast majority has not been evaluated for their conservation status, and twenty species are endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Vines and trees are the predominant plant habits and EFNs are mostly found on leaves. More than half of the species (53.7 %) comprises new additions to the world list of EFN-bearing plants, including the first record in Dilleniaceae. Our findings show a large number of EFN-bearing plant species from a single and small protected area in the Brazilian Atlantic forest. It reinforces the lack of studies of this nature, where further investigations are strongly recommended.
Predictive Diagnosis Based on Predictor Symptoms for Isolated Photovoltaic Systems Using MPPT Charge Regulators

In this work, new results are presented on the implementation of predictive diagnosis techniques on isolated photovoltaic (PV) systems and installations. The novelties introduced in this research focus on the additional advantages obtained from the point of view of predictive diagnosis of faults caused by partial shading in isolated PV installations using maximum power point tracking (MPPT) regulators. MPPT regulators are comparatively more appropriate than pulse width modulation (PWM) solar regulators in order to implement fault diagnosis systems. MPPT regulators have a physical separation between the electrical parameters belonging to the part of the solar panel with respect to the batteries part. Therefore, these electrical parameters can be used to obtain early predictive symptoms of the effects of partial shading with a greater level of observation and sensitivity. Additionally, modifications are proposed in the PV system assembly to obtain greater homogeneity of all the panels regarding the solar irradiance reception angle.