Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Ramasetu region as a link between India and Sri Lanka during the late Pleistocene and Holocene

Abstract High-resolution seismic data of the Ramasetu region revealed three subaerial unconformities S1, S2, and S3. S1 is the youngest subaerial unconformity, whereas S3 is the oldest. These subaerial unconformities have been determined based on the presence of channel-incision signatures. Identified buried channels originated in the Palk Strait and debouched in the Gulf of Mannar. Youngest buried channels became most active during MIS 3 (~60–29 ka) and were buried entirely at ~7.0 ka. The study suggests that the Palk Strait evolved as a large multi-centered freshwater reservoir during the last glacial period and remained a freshwater reservoir until seawater started encroaching the region at ~8.5 ka. The Ramasetu region was a potential habitat zone for foragers, with fresh and saline water ecosystems available at opposite banks. During the Microlithic and terminal Pleistocene, Homo sapiens needed to cross high-energy rivers using floaters/rafts in wet seasons of MIS 2 and 3. At the same time, they used a direct walkable land link in the extreme dry season of MIS 2. During the early to mid-Holocene, foragers required floaters/rafts or artificial structures (such as bandh/bridge) to cross shallow, low-energy estuarine patches of the Ramasetu. The Palk Strait region was not crossable without using boats/ships in the last ~7 ka except during minor sea-level falls.
Accelerated Growth of Peer-to-Peer Lending and Its Impact on the Consumer Credit Market: Evidence from Lithuania

The paper analyses development and drivers of accelerated growth of peer-to-peer (P2P) lending in Lithuania and its impact on the consumer credit market with a focus on related sustainability issues. Legislative discrepancies between the P2P and banking segments are analysed and their role in predetermining the different development trends within the segments is highlighted. The research is composed of several steps, where each step analyses a certain problem with the aim to compare the processes in both segments, and is using two different approaches based on macroeconomic data and legislative environment analysis. The applied setup of the research allows for distinguishing and quantitative evaluation of the impact on the segments caused by various internal and external factors, such as macroeconomics, technological advantages of P2P platforms, and discrepancies within business regulation. The obtained results could fill in the scientific literature gaps by providing quantitative evidence of the influence the analysed internal and external drivers have on the growth rate of the consumer credit market segments in Lithuania and how this could affect the performance of the whole market, including its sustainability. Conclusions made could be of interest to researchers and practitioners in other countries too, especially those which have similar legislation and regulations within the consumer credit market. Methods used: a scientific literature analysis and generalisation, comparative analysis, statistical data analysis, correlation–regression analysis, mathematical modelling.
A Note on Controllability of Directed Networked MIMO Systems With Heterogeneous Dynamics

In 2020, Xiang et al. derived a necessary condition for the controllability of a special type of heterogeneous networked system. Theorem 3 in Xiang et al. states that the observability of each node is necessary for the controllability of a heterogeneous networked system satisfying: 1) similar state matrices; 2) that output matrices are scalar multiples of one another; and 3) that the rank of the input matrix of the networked system is less than the number of nodes in the system. In this article, we have given a counterexample to show that this claim is not true in general. Furthermore, we have given a necessary condition for the controllability of a heterogeneous networked system with aforementioned properties. The obtained result is demonstrated through examples.
Peran HUMAS dalam Meningkatkan Daya Saing Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Aceh Barat

Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 1 West Aceh is one of the most favorite madrasas in West Aceh. Of course, this cannot be separated from the role of public relations which has done various things in promoting MAN 1 Aceh Barat. Public relations plays a vital role in the process of providing education. This paper aims to determine the role of Public Relations in increasing the competitiveness of MAN 1 Aceh Barat. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research. The subjects in this study were the head of the madrasa, 1 waka from the public relations department, and 6 madrasa teachers at MAN 1 Aceh Barat. Data was collected using observation, interviews, and documentation studies. Activities in data analysis include the stages of reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. Public Relations of MAN 1 Aceh Barat has an essential role in increasing the competitiveness of madrasas. The role of public relations is carried out in two forms, namely 1) fostering internal relations with school residents by maintaining friendship and cooperation between fellow school communities and 2) fostering external relations for madrasas by maintaining relationships with outside communities such as collaborating in the fields of education, health, security, finance and make visits to schools.
Virtual Reality Technology in Cognitive Rehabilitation Application: Bibliometric Analysis

Background In recent years, with the development of computer science and medical science, virtual reality (VR) technology has become a promising tool for improving cognitive function. Research on VR-based cognitive training has garnered increasing attention. Objective This study aimed to investigate the application status, research hot spots, and emerging trends of VR in cognitive rehabilitation over the past 20 years. Methods Articles on VR-based cognitive rehabilitation from 2001 to 2021 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace software was used for the visual analysis of authors and countries or regions, and Scimago Graphica software was used for the geographic visualization of published countries or regions. Keywords were clustered using the gCLUTO software. Results A total of 1259 papers were included. In recent years, research on the application of VR in cognitive rehabilitation has been widely conducted, and the annual publication of relevant literature has shown a positive trend. The main research areas include neuroscience and neurology, psychology, computer science, and rehabilitation. The United States ranked first with 328 papers, and Italy ranked second with 140 papers. Giuseppe Riva, an Italian academic, was the most prolific author with 29 publications. The most frequently cited reference was “Using Reality to Characterize Episodic Memory Profiles in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: Influence of Active and Passive Encoding. ” The most common keywords used by researchers include “virtual reality,” “cognition,” “rehabilitation,” “performance,” and “older adult. ” The largest source of research funding is from the public sector in the United States. Conclusions The bibliometric analysis provided an overview of the application of VR in cognitive rehabilitation. VR-based cognitive rehabilitation can be integrated into multiple disciplines. We conclude that, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the development of VR-based telerehabilitation is crucial, and there are still many problems that need to be addressed, such as the lack of consensus on treatment methods and the existence of safety hazards.
SYNCRONIZATION IN BIOPHYSICAL NEURAL NETWORKS

Electrical recordings of neural activity reveal that synchronous oscillatory behaviour occurs in different brain areas and some of these rhythms (30 – 100 Hz) seem to be implicated in the information coding [Gray & Singer, 1989;]. Experimental results suggest that the binding process, during a sensory task, could be explained by assuming that neuron populations synchronize their firing activities [Gray et al., 1989]. There is increasing evidence that inhibitory interneurons contribute to the brain rhythms by synchronizing the discharges of many pyramidal cells, but how the coupling between interneurons promotes their synchronization is not well understood [Lytton & Sejnowski, 1991; Wang & Rinzel, 1992; Cobb et al., 1995; Whittington et al., 1995; Beirlein et al., 2000]. However, recent studies on the neocortex have shown that both chemical and electrical coupling among cells play an important role in determining the synchronous discharge of coupled Fast-Spiking (FS) interneurons [Galarreta & Hestrin, 1999; Gibson et al., 1999; Beirlein et al., 2000]. In particular it was found that, besides inhibitory chemical synapses, the existence of electrical coupling among FS cells provides an additional synchronization mechanism for FS interneurons. In this study, by using a biophysical single-compartment model of FS interneuron, we first investigate the dynamical properties of a single self-inhibited unit, then we analyze the synchronization phenomena in small networks of FS cells interacting by means of chemical and electrical synapses. In particular we study how the coupling features (like the decay time of the synaptic current and coupling intensities) influence the synchronization properties of FS cells.
Evolutionary Dynamics and Extensive Form Games

Evolutionary game theory attempts to predict individual behavior (whether of humans or other species) when interactions between individuals are modeled as a noncooperative game. Most dynamic analyses of evolutionary games are based on their normal forms, despite the fact that many interesting games are specified more naturally through their extensive forms. Because every extensive form game has a normal form representation, some theorists hold that the best way to analyze an extensive form game is simply to ignore the extensive form structure and study the game in its normal form representation. This book rejects that suggestion, arguing that a game's normal form representation often omits essential information from the perspective of dynamic evolutionary game theory. The book offers a synthesis of current knowledge about extensive form games from an evolutionary perspective, emphasizing connections between the extensive form representation and dynamic models that traditionally have been applied to biological and economic phenomena. It develops a general theory to analyze dynamically arbitrary extensive form games and applies this theory to a range of examples. It lays the foundation for the analysis of specific extensive form models of behavior and for the further theoretical study of extensive form evolutionary games.
XGBLoc: XGBoost-Based Indoor Localization in Multi-Building Multi-Floor Environments

Location-based indoor applications with high quality of services require a reliable, accurate, and low-cost position prediction for target device(s). The widespread availability of WiFi received signal strength indicator (RSSI) makes it a suitable candidate for indoor localization. However, traditional WiFi RSSI fingerprinting schemes perform poorly due to dynamic indoor mobile channel conditions including multipath fading, non-line-of-sight path loss, and so forth. Recently, machine learning (ML) or deep learning (DL)-based fingerprinting schemes are often used as an alternative, overcoming such issues. This paper presents an extreme gradient boosting-based ML indoor localization scheme, simply termed as XGBLoc, that accurately classifies (or detects) the positions of mobile devices in multi-floor multi-building indoor environments. XGBLoc not only effectively reduces the RSSI dataset dimensionality but trains itself using structured synthetic labels (also termed as relational labels), rather than conventional independent labels, that classify such complex and hierarchical indoor environments well. We numerically evaluate the proposed scheme on the publicly available datasets and prove its superiority over existing ML or DL-based schemes in terms of classification and regression performance.
Balancing Statistical and Computational Precision: A General Theory and Applications to Sparse Regression

Modern technologies are generating ever-increasing amounts of data. Making use of these data requires methods that are both statistically sound and computationally efficient. Typically, the statistical and computational aspects are treated separately. In this paper, we propose an approach to entangle these two aspects in the context of regularized estimation. Applying our approach to sparse and group-sparse regression, we show that it can improve on standard pipelines both statistically and computationally.
Comparison of Shielding Material Dispersion Characteristics and Shielding Efficiency for Manufacturing Medical X-ray Shielding Barriers

During medical diagnoses, X-ray shielding barriers are used to protect against direct and indirect X-rays. Currently, lead is used as the primary material for shielding barriers; however, the demand for eco-friendly shielding barriers has been increasing. Conventionally, shielding barriers are manufactured using a mechanically bonded combination of lead and aluminum; however, in this study, a plastic-based injection-molded product was developed using tungsten as an eco-friendly alternative to lead. A new process technology was required for mixing tungsten—which can be difficult to process—with a polymer. Consequently, the mixing conditions within the injection molding machine and the related compounding technology factors were analyzed. The process technology considered the pre-mixing method using powdery polymer, particle dispersion method, number of screw rotations, and amount of filler input. The product’s shielding performance was then analyzed. The tungsten content of the 2-mm thick barrier manufactured using the proposed method was 90 wt%, and the lead equivalent was 0.321 mmPb. To increase the effectiveness of injection molding in the manufacturing process, specific hourly compounding conditions were proposed. Consequently, the process technology method developed in this study can be considered suitable for manufacturing various shielding barriers.
Vaccine Hesitancy: Some Concerns About Values and Trust, Comments on Vaccine Hesitancy by Maya J. Goldenberg

The debates regarding vaccine hesitancy and refusal, Goldenberg argues, do not represent a war on science. If those who hesitate about childhood or COVID-19 vaccines trusted scientists and public health experts, they would be ensuring that children and themselves receive appropriate vaccines, the mantra goes. Witness for instance the cases of people willing to take experimental treatments against COVID-19, such as monoclonal antibodies, while they refuse COVID-19 vaccines on grounds that vaccines are experimental. [Extracted from the article] Copyright of International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
Association between the Severity of Dental Caries and the Degree of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in the Pediatric Population

Children who show better eating practices are less likely to suffer from severe caries than those who eat a diet rich in sugars. In the present study, we aimed to establish the relationship between the severity of dental caries and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. A cross-sectional study was carried out in which 263 children aged 2 to 14 years old were examined intraorally to analyze the presence and severity of caries. Children’s parents/caregivers completed the KIDMED questionnaire to determine their degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The results showed that the prevalence of caries is greater than 80% in children with medium or low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and remains significant at 67% in the high adherence group (p = 0.010). A statistically significant negative correlation of weak magnitude (r = −0.29; p < 0.001) was found between adherence and the number of carious teeth. Caries severity in the first molars is also influenced by adherence to the diet in a statistically significant way. In conclusion, there is an association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the prevalence, extension, and severity of caries in the pediatric population.
Worldwide Selection Footprints for Drought and Heat in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Genome–environment Associations (GEA) or Environmental Genome-Wide Association scans (EnvGWAS) have been poorly applied for studying the genomics of adaptive traits in bread wheat landraces (Triticum aestivum L.). We analyzed 990 landraces and seven climatic variables (mean temperature, maximum temperature, precipitation, precipitation seasonality, heat index of mean temperature, heat index of maximum temperature, and drought index) in GEA using the FarmCPU approach with GAPIT. Historical temperature and precipitation values were obtained as monthly averages from 1970 to 2000. Based on 26,064 high-quality SNP loci, landraces were classified into ten subpopulations exhibiting high genetic differentiation. The GEA identified 59 SNPs and nearly 89 protein-encoding genes involved in the response processes to abiotic stress. Genes related to biosynthesis and signaling are mainly mediated by auxins, abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonates (JA), which are known to operate together in modulation responses to heat stress and drought in plants. In addition, we identified some proteins associated with the response and tolerance to stress by high temperatures, water deficit, and cell wall functions. The results provide candidate regions for selection aimed to improve drought and heat tolerance in bread wheat and provide insights into the genetic mechanisms involved in adaptation to extreme environments.
Submodular functions and electrical networks

Mathematical Preliminaries. Sets. Vectors and matrices. Linear inequality systems. Graphs. Graphs: basic notions. Graphs and vector spaces. Basic operations on graphs and vector spaces. Problems. Graph algorithms. Duality. Notes. Matroids. Axiom systems for matroids. Dual of a matroid. Minors of matroids. Connectedness in matroids. Matroids and the greedy algorithm. Notes. Electrical Networks. In terms of multiterminal devices. In terms of 2-terminal devices. Standard devices. Common methods of analysis. Procedures used in circuit simulators. State equations for dynamic networks. Multiports in electrical networks. Some elementary results of network theory. Notes. Topological Hybrid Analysis. Electrical network: a formal description. Some basic topological results. A theorem on topological hybrid analysis. Structure of constraints and optimization. Notes. The Implicit Duality Theorem and its Applications. The vector space version. *Quasi orthogonality. Applications of the implicit duality theorem. *Linear inequality systems. *ast Integrality systems. Problems. Notes. Multiport Decomposition. Multiport decomposition of vector spaces. Analysis through multiport decomposition. Port minimization. * Multiport decomposition for network reduction. Problems. Submodular Functions. Submodularity. Basic operations on semimodular functions. *Other operations on semimodular functions. Polymatroid and matroid rank functions. Connectedness for semimodular functions. *Semimodular polyhedra. Symmetric submodular functions. Problems. Notes. Convolution of Submodular Functions. Convolution. Matroids, polymatroids and convolution. The principal partition. *The refined partial order of the principal partition. Algorithms for PP. *Aligned polymatroid rank functions. Notes. Matroid Union. Submodular functions induced through a bipartite graph. Matroid union: algorithm and structure. PP of the rank function of a matroid. Notes. Dilworth Truncation of Submodular Functions. Dilworth truncation. The principal lattice of partitions. *Approximation algorithms through PLP for the min cost partition problem. The PLP of duals and truncations. *The principal lattice of partitions associated with special fusions. Building submodular functions with desired PLP. Notes. Algorithms for the PLP of a Submodular Function. Minimizing the partition associate of a submodular function. Construction of the P-sequence of partitions. Construction of the DTL. Complexity of construction of the PLP. Construction of the PLP of the dual. PLP algorithms for (omega R Gamma) and -(omega R Epsilon L ). Structural changes in minimizing partitions. Relation between PP and PLP. Fast algorithms for principal partition of the rank function of a graph. The Hybrid Rank Problem. The hybrid rank problem - first formulation. The hybrid rank problem - second formulation. The hybrid rank problem - third formulation. The hybrid rank problem - fourth formulation.
Interplay between Artificial Intelligence and Biomechanics Modeling in the Cardiovascular Disease Prediction

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and early accurate diagnosis is the key point for improving and optimizing the prognosis of CVD. Recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI), especially machine learning (ML) technology, makes it possible to predict CVD. In this review, we first briefly introduced the overview development of artificial intelligence. Then we summarized some ML applications in cardiovascular diseases, including ML−based models to directly predict CVD based on risk factors or medical imaging findings and the ML−based hemodynamics with vascular geometries, equations, and methods for indirect assessment of CVD. We also discussed case studies where ML could be used as the surrogate for computational fluid dynamics in data−driven models and physics−driven models. ML models could be a surrogate for computational fluid dynamics, accelerate the process of disease prediction, and reduce manual intervention. Lastly, we briefly summarized the research difficulties and prospected the future development of AI technology in cardiovascular diseases.
Quality of Life and Cognitive Function Evaluations and Interventions for Patients with Brain Metastases in the Radiation Oncology Clinic

Simple Summary Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common brain malignancy and are projected to increase in incidence over the coming decades. Historically, brain metastasis studies have focused on improving survival outcomes, but recently, the importance of evaluating health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and cognitive function has gained recognition. Although there is a myriad of validated HRQOL and cognitive assessments available in the radiation oncology clinic, there is an urgent need to identify tools tailored to patients with BMs and to adopt a uniform set of tests that measure HRQOL and cognition. This review presents various assessments for measuring HRQOL and cognitive function, current recommendations to improve standardization, and treatments known to preserve HRQOL and cognitive function. Abstract Brain metastases (BMs) account for a disproportionately high percentage of cancer morbidity and mortality. Historically, studies have focused on improving survival outcomes, and recent radiation oncology clinical trials have incorporated HRQOL and cognitive assessments. We are now equipped with a battery of assessments in the radiation oncology clinic, but there is a lack of consensus regarding how to incorporate them in modern clinical practice. Herein, we present validated assessments for BM patients, current recommendations for future clinical studies, and treatment advances that have improved HRQOL and cognitive outcomes for BM patients.