Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph Coronagraphic Imaging of the Herbig Ae Star AB Aurigae

We present the first broadband, coronagraphic Hubble Space Telescope images of the bright, optically visible, isolated Herbig Ae star AB Aurigae. The Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) images reveal extended circumstellar nebulosity (r ≈ 1300 AU) covering the region of the millimeter continuum and CO disk. The structure is observed in the disk on spatial scales down to 0. ″1 (14 AU) and exhibits a north-south asymmetry. A comparison of the STIS data with scattering models for flared disks or disks + envelopes suggests that the disk inclination is i ≤ 45° from the plane of the sky.
Cell membrane thermal gradients induced by electromagnetic fields

While electromagnetic fields induce structural changes in cell membranes, particularly electroporation, much remains to be understood about membrane level temperature gradients. For instance, microwaves induce cell membrane temperature gradients (∇T) and bioeffects with little bulk temperature change. Recent calculations suggest that nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) may also induce such gradients that may additionally impact the electroporation threshold. Here, we analytically and numerically calculate the induced ∇T as a function of pulse duration and pulse repetition rate. We relate ∇T to the thermally induced cell membrane electric field (Em) by assuming the membrane behaves as a thermoelectric such that Em ∼ ∇T. Focusing initially on applying nsPEFs to a uniform membrane, we show that reducing pulse duration and increasing pulse repetition rate (or using higher frequency for alternating current (AC) fields) maximizes the magnitude and duration of ∇T and, concomitantly, Em. The maximum ∇T ini.
Regional Ground-Motion Scaling in Central Europe

Regressions of 2700 horizontal-component broadband seismograms from 213 seismic events recorded by the German Regional Seismic Network (67 earthquakes and 146 large mining explosions and rockbursts) are carried out to study the scaling relationships of high-frequency S -wave motion for central Europe. At a set of sampling frequencies, regressions were performed on the logarithms of the peak amplitudes of narrow bandpass-filtered seismograms, as well as on the logarithms of the Fourier components of the velocity spectra. At a fixed frequency f , these values are written as \[\mathrm{AMP}(f,{\ }r)=\mathrm{EXC}(f,{\ }r_{\mathrm{ref}})+\mathrm{SITE}(f)+D(r,{\ }r_{\mathrm{ref}},{\ }f). \] EXC( f, r ref ) is the excitation at an arbitrary reference hypocentral distance, r ref , SITE( f ) is a site term, and D ( r, r ref , f ) describes the crustal attenuation in the region. The crustal propagation term, empirically estimated in the (0.5–16.0 Hz) frequency band and (40–600 km) distance range, is modeled using a complex geometrical spreading function and a frequency-dependent crustal Q . We suggest \[Q(f)=Q_{0}{\cdot}\left(\frac{f}{f_{\mathrm{ref}}}\right)^{{\eta}},{\ }\begin{array}{ccc}Q_{0}&=&400\\{\eta}&=&0.42\\f_{\mathrm{ref}}&=&1.0{\ }\mathrm{Hz}\end{array}\] and a log-log quadrilinear geometrical spreading. A factor exp(-πκ 0 f ) is used to fit the high-frequency roll-off of the inverted excitation terms. Since we deal with two different kinds of sources (explosions-rockbursts and earthquakes), we use \[{\kappa}_{0}=\begin{array}{l}0.08{\ }\mathrm{sec}{\ }(\mathrm{for\ explosions});\\0.05{\ }\mathrm{sec}{\ }(\mathrm{for\ earthquakes}). \end{array}\] The same Brune spectral model, characterized by a stress drop Δσ = 30 bars, is used to fit both earthquakes and explosive excitation terms. A regression on the effective duration of the ground motion following the S -wave onset is also carried out. In central Europe, duration is observed to be almost frequency-independent. This property might be explained in terms of a self-similar distribution of crustal scatterers.
Hydroxychloroquine Ameliorates Hematuria in Children with X-Linked Alport Syndrome: Retrospective Case Series Study

Purpose As a rare collagen type IV hereditary kidney disease, X-linked Alport syndrome (XLAS) is the most common form of Alport syndrome, the prevalence of which is estimated at 1:10,000 of the population, four times higher than the prevalence rate of autosomal recessive Alport syndrome. To describe a series of eight XLAS children with persistent hematuria and proteinuria and the clinical outcomes after hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment to assess its efficacy as early intervention. Patients and Methods The study retrospectively analysed 8 patients with persistent hematuria and proteinuria at different onset ages who were diagnosed with XLAS and been treated with HCQ. The urinary erythrocyte count, urinary albuminn were measured. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate the patients’ responses to HCQ treatment after one month, three months, and six months. Results After the first month, the three months, and the six months of HCQ treatment, the urinary erythrocyte counts of four, seven, and eight children were significantly reduced; the decreasing proteinuria was found in two, four, and five children. Only one child with increasing proteinuria was found after 1-month HCQ treatment. This proteinuria was maintained after 3-month HCQ treatment but decreased to minor after 6-month HCQ treatment. Conclusion We present the first potential efficacy of HCQ treatment in XLAS with hematuria and persistent proteinuria. It suggested that HCQ could be an effective treatment to ameliorate hematuria and proteinuria.
Model Validation of an Octopus Inspired Continuum Robotic Arm for Use in Underwater Environments

Octopuses are an example of dexterous animals found in nature. Their arms are flexible, can vary in stiffness, grasp objects, apply high forces with respect to their relatively light weight, and bend in all directions. Robotic structures inspired by octopus arms have to undertake the challenges of a high number of degrees of freedom (DOF), coupled with highly flexible continuum structure. This paper presents a kinematic and dynamic model for underwater continuum robots inspired by Octopus vulgaris. Mass, damping, stiffness, and external forces such as gravity, buoyancy, and hydrodynamic forces are considered in the dynamic model. A continuum arm prototype was built utilizing longitudinal and radial actuators, and comparisons between the simulated and experimental results show good agreement.
Diversity and evolution of the Middle American cichlid fishes (Teleostei: Cichlidae) with revised classification

We present a taxonomically complete and topologically robust molecular phylogeny of the Middle American heroine cichlids based on which we review their diversity and genus-level systematics. In order to ascertain the diversity of the group and its phylogeny we have used three nested taxon sampling analyses of the concatenated nDNA/mtDNA datasets and additionally to these analyses we present a summary of the results of a new Next Generation Sequencing-generated nuclear phylogeny based on a data set of ~ 140,000 informative characters. The NGS ddRAD phylogeny has a species-level sampling covering virtually all species (including the enigmatic Cichlasoma microlepis Dahl, 1960) with multiple sequenced specimens per species. Based on our results the Middle American heroine cichlids are made up of three main clades. The three clades (the herichthyines, the amphilophines, and the astatheroines) are however not each other sister groups since they are interspersed with South American (Australoheros, Caquetaia, Chocoheros, Heroina, Mesoheros) and Antillean (Nandopsis) genera and they represent probably two separate colonization events of Middle America from South America, probably via the Antilles. Our study reveals many cases of cytonuclear discordance and/or introgressive hybridization both at the genus and deeper levels stressing the importance to study the nuclear and mitochondrial phylogenetic signals independently and not solely in concatenated analyses. We have found that a great majority of morphological characters are ecologically correlated and that they form only a limited number of functionally-determined combinations – i.e. ecomorphs. We have found five main cranial ecomorphs but only two postcranial ecomorphs (the lotic and lentic ecomorphs, plus the undifferentiated ancestral character combination). The cranial and postcranial ecomorphs are not combined completely randomly having produced thirteen modular whole-body ecomorphs. Both the cranial and postcranial ecomorphs, and even their combinations, have evolved repeatedly in the Middle American cichlids in the same habitats both in sympatry as well as in allopatry. Our analyses of the diversity of Middle American cichlid clade support the existence of 31 genera in Middle America (plus six in South America and one in the Greater Antilles) as separate evolutionary lineages occupying separate adaptive zones. Nine new genera are described here for species and species groups that have lacked a genus level name to this day or were associated with other unrelated genera. We also review the species level diversity based on the mtDNA cytb gene population-level analysis. Furthermore, we provide a new biogeographical analysis of the group which explains their evolutionary history and demonstrates that biogeography is a much better indicator of evolutionary relationships in this fish group than are most morphological characters due to their ecological correlation.
Impact of Contextual-Level Social Determinants of Health on Newer Antidiabetic Drug Adoption in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Background: We aimed to investigate the association between contextual-level social determinants of health (SDoH) and the use of novel antidiabetic drugs (ADD), including sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1a) for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and whether the association varies across racial and ethnic groups. Methods: Using electronic health records from the OneFlorida+ network, we assembled a cohort of T2D patients who initiated a second-line ADD in 2015–2020. A set of 81 contextual-level SDoH documenting social and built environment were spatiotemporally linked to individuals based on their residential histories. We assessed the association between the contextual-level SDoH and initiation of SGTL2i/GLP1a and determined their effects across racial groups, adjusting for clinical factors. Results: Of 28,874 individuals, 61% were women, and the mean age was 58 (±15) years. Two contextual-level SDoH factors identified as significantly associated with SGLT2i/GLP1a use were neighborhood deprivation index (odds ratio [OR] 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81–0.94) and the percent of vacant addresses in the neighborhood (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85–0.98). Patients living in such neighborhoods are less likely to be prescribed with newer ADD. There was no interaction between race-ethnicity and SDoH on the use of newer ADD. However, in the overall cohort, the non-Hispanic Black individuals were less likely to use newer ADD than the non-Hispanic White individuals (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.76–0.88). Conclusion: Using a data-driven approach, we identified the key contextual-level SDoH factors associated with not following evidence-based treatment of T2D. Further investigations are needed to examine the mechanisms underlying these associations.
Efficient Location and Regression Estimation for Long Range Dependent Regression Models

In this paper we construct an efficient weighted least squares estimator for the mean and more generally for the regression parameters in certain Gaussian long range dependent regression models, including polynomial regression. The form of the estimator does not depend on the whole dependence structure of the residuals, but only on the local behaviour of the spectral density at zero. By using an estimator of the self-similarity parameter, we give a fully efficient estimator. Furthermore, we construct efficient weighted M-estimators.
A BEM‐based genetic algorithm for identification of polarization curves in cathodic protection systems

The purpose of this work is to apply an inverse boundary element formulation in order to develop efficient algorithms for identification of polarization curves in a cathodic protection system. The problem is to minimize an objective function measuring the difference between observed and BEM‐predicted surface potentials. The numerical formulation is based on the application of genetic algorithms, which are robust search techniques emulating the natural process of evolution as a means of progressing towards an optimum solution.
PCNN Model Guided by Saliency Mechanism for Image Fusion in Transform Domain

In heterogeneous image fusion problems, different imaging mechanisms have always existed between time-of-flight and visible light heterogeneous images which are collected by binocular acquisition systems in orchard environments. Determining how to enhance the fusion quality is key to the solution. A shortcoming of the pulse coupled neural network model is that parameters are limited by manual experience settings and cannot be terminated adaptively. The limitations are obvious during the ignition process, and include ignoring the impact of image changes and fluctuations on the results, pixel artifacts, area blurring, and the occurrence of unclear edges. Aiming at these problems, an image fusion method in a pulse coupled neural network transform domain guided by a saliency mechanism is proposed. A non-subsampled shearlet transform is used to decompose the accurately registered image; the time-of-flight low-frequency component, after multiple lighting segmentation using a pulse coupled neural network, is simplified to a first-order Markov situation. The significance function is defined as first-order Markov mutual information to measure the termination condition. A new momentum-driven multi-objective artificial bee colony algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of the link channel feedback term, link strength, and dynamic threshold attenuation factor. The low-frequency components of time-of-flight and color images, after multiple lighting segmentation using a pulse coupled neural network, are fused using the weighted average rule. The high-frequency components are fused using improved bilateral filters. The results show that the proposed algorithm has the best fusion effect on the time-of-flight confidence image and the corresponding visible light image collected in the natural scene, according to nine objective image evaluation indicators. It is suitable for the heterogeneous image fusion of complex orchard environments in natural landscapes.
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF HII REGIONS RADII AS A DISTANCE INDICATOR

The frequency distribution of HII regions radii in our galaxy has been investigated. The correlation between the number of these regions and their radii has been re-determined, and could be represented by an exponential function. The size distribution of the HII regions in 10 spiral galaxies has been derived and combined with that of our galaxy to derive the distances of these galaxies. It has been found that the distances derived are in a good agreement with the published ones. The interstellar extinction in the galaxies has no influence on the distance estimate when using this geometrical method.
Acceleration Mechanism for Neutron Production in Plasma Focus and z‐Pinch Discharges

A model has been developed for the acceleration of deuterons in the tightly compressed column of a z‐pinch discharge, in particular, that of a plasma focus discharge. It was assumed that an annular distribution of current undergoes a rapidly contracting transition to a distribution peaked on axis and the resulting crossed fields, Bθ and Ez, were used to calculate deuteron trajectories in the plasma. These results show that a significant number of ions can be accelerated to energies of up to 600 keV and that they have a large value for their time‐averaged axial velocities. The orbiting motion in the magnetic field produces an anisotropic distribution of collision velocities and a neutron‐production model based upon nuclear collisions by these deuterons can account for the measured characteristics of neutron energies, neutron fluxes, and rates of production.
Multi-objective optimization of actively controlled structures with topological considerations

This paper presents a novel approach for the optimum design of actively controlled structures using both cooperative and Stackelberg game theoretic formulations wherein the structural topology is also optimized. Most of the available literature for design of actively controlled structures deals with structures of a predetermined topology. It is recognized that the structural performance can be improved significantly by the optimization of topology. The optimum topology is created herein by minimizing the strain energy. Once the optimum topology is obtained, a simultaneous sizing and control system optimization of the optimum topology is performed which (i) maximizes the energy dissipated by the controller, (ii) minimizes the structural weight, and (iii) minimizes the controller performance index. The design variables include actuator locations, member cross-sectional areas and entries of state and control weighting matrices. The multi-objective design problem is solved as a bi-level Stackelberg game. A computational procedure based on variable updating using response surface methods is developed for exchanging information between the levels. Two numerical examples illustrating the proposed approach are presented wherein topological, structural and control system aspects of the problem are addressed comprehensively.
Large-Scale Flow and the Long-Lasting Blocking High over Russia: Summer 2010

AbstractSeveral studies show that the anomalous long-lasting Russian heat wave during the summer of 2010, linked to a long-persistent blocking high, appears mainly as a result of natural atmospheric variability. This study analyzes the large-scale flow structure based on the ECMWF Re-Analysis Interim (ERA-Interim) data (1989–2010). The anomalous long-lasting blocking high over western Russia including the heat wave occurs as an overlay of a set of anticyclonic contributions on different time scales. (i) A regime change in ENSO toward La Nina modulates the quasi-stationary wave structure in the boreal summer hemisphere supporting the eastern European blocking. The polar Arctic dipole mode is enhanced and shows a projection on the mean blocking high. (ii) Together with the quasi-stationary wave anomaly, the transient eddies maintain the long-lasting blocking. (iii) Three different pathways of wave action are identified on the intermediate time scale (~10–60 days). One pathway commences over the eastern Nort.
Applications of Wiener's path integral for the diffusion of Brownian particles in shear flows

Wiener’s path integral theory is revisited, stressing that it holds only when the condition of local equilibrium is fulfilled.The diffusion of a particle in a two and three-dimensional shear flow is studied, showing that for small time intervals the particle diffuses freely, without being influenced by the velocity gradient of the incident flow, while for long time intervals it exhibits a time dependent dispersion coefficient.
Commentary: Spectrally selective coatings on glass: solar-control and low-emissivity coatings

Increased living standards in the developed world, as well as in developing countries, have made air conditioning very popular. It is estimated that energy consumption for air conditioning in developing countries will continuously increase from 115 TWh in 2005 to 757 TWh in 2030 [1]. In comparison, energy consumption for cooling residential spaces in the United States will level off and stay constant at around 200 TWh during the same period of time. Glass is widely used in commercial and residential buildings, and automobiles. For these applications, there is a tendency to increase the area covered by windows aiming at increased visual comfort and aesthetics. However, glass does not allow control over infrared (IR) radiation, and thus heat control through the windows is not possible. This way, IR radiation entering buildings and automobiles results in increased temperature. In the case of cars, windows contribute up to about 70% of the total heat, and nearly half of this figure is from windshields [2]. Moreover, energy used for room heating is lost by radiation through the windows. As such, efficient use of energy in air conditioning, i.e. control of IR radiation through windows, becomes desirable since it would result in reduced energy consumption, resulting in energy savings and contributing to reduce global warming. Highly transparent thermally reflective coatings are deposited onto glasses to be used in windows for the purpose of saving energy. These are generally termed spectrally selective coatings, and include solar-control coatings and low-emissivity coatings. Before describing the fundamentals of spectrally selective coatings, it is necessary to keep in mind that all matter emits radiation. To describe radiation from matter the concept of blackbody is introduced. A blackbody is usually defined as a perfect radiator which absorbs all radiation incident upon it [3]. Planck’s Law describes the amplitude of electromagnetic radiation emitted (spectral radiance) from a blackbody. If the wavelength, λ, is given in microns and temperature, T, in Kelvin, Planck’s Law takes the form [3]
New properties of special varieties arising from adjunction theory

Let $X^{\wedge}$ be a connected projective submanifold of $P_{C}$ and let $L^{\wedge}=O_{P_{C}}(1)_{x^{\wedge}}$ . Studying the pair $(X^{\wedge}, L^{\wedge})$ adjunction theoretically leads to various classes of varieties with special fibre structures, $e.g$ . scrolls and quadric fibrations. In this article we study these special fibre structures and show that they are in many cases even better behaved that might be expected. It is a blanket assumptionlin this paper that $\dim X^{\wedge}\geqq 3$ . The adjoint bundle, $K_{X}\wedge+(n-1)L^{\wedge}$ , is nef and big except for the following very special pairs (see [S2], [S7], [SV]): a) $(X^{\wedge}, L^{\wedge})$ is either $(P^{n}, O_{pn}(1))$, a scroll over a curve, or a quadric $Q$ in
Interpretation of Inaccurate, Insufficient and Inconsistent Data

Sumntary Many problems in physical science involve the estimation of a number of unknown parameters which bear a linear or quasi-linear relationship to a set of experimental data. The data may be contaminated by random errors, insufficient to determine the unknowns, redundant, or all of the above. This paper presents a method of optimizing the conclusions from such a data set. The problem is formulated as an ill-posed matrix equation, and general criteria are established for constructing an ‘ inverse ’ matrix. The ‘ solution ’ to the problem is defined in terms of a set of generalized eigenvectors of the matrix, and may be chosen to optimize the resolution provided by the data, the expected error in the solution, the fit to the data, the proximity of the solution to an arbitrary function, or any combination of the above. The classical ‘ least-squares ’ solution is discussed as a special case.