Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Pokémon GO on Physical Activity and Psychosocial Well-Being in Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review

Background Pokémon GO, an augmented reality game with widespread popularity, can potentially influence players’ physical activity (PA) levels and psychosocial well-being. Objective This review aims to systematically examine the scientific evidence regarding the impact of Pokémon GO on PA and psychosocial well-being in children and adolescents. Methods Using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) framework, we conducted keyword and reference searches in the PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. We performed title and abstract screening, full-text review, evidence synthesis, and identified research gaps. Results Our review included 10 studies that explored the effect of Pokémon GO on PA or psychosocial well-being among children and adolescents. These studies used diverse designs across multiple countries and regions. Pokémon GO use measures encompassed frequency, experience, adherence, and motivation. PA assessment methods ranged from self-reported questionnaires to technology-based evaluations and qualitative approaches. Psychosocial well-being measures included emotional intelligence, personal well-being, self-control, emotionality, and sociability. In general, the estimated impact of Pokémon GO on PA was positive, with gaming elements and engagement correlating with increased PA levels. However, the effect on psychosocial well-being presented mixed results, with positive associations for sociability but a complex relationship involving well-being and internet gaming disorder. The limitations of these studies comprised the absence of randomized controlled trials, heterogeneity in study designs and outcome measures, and potential confounding bias. Conclusions Overall, Pokémon GO tends to positively affect PA levels, while the impact on psychosocial well-being remains complex and requires further investigation. Future research should investigate the mechanisms connecting Pokémon GO use with PA and psychosocial well-being and the potential risks of excessive gameplay. These findings can help inform public health interventions to harness gaming technologies for promoting PA and enhancing well-being among the younger generation. Trial Registration PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42023412032; https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/PROSPERO/display_record. php? RecordID=412032
An introduction—Ground-penetrating radar in unconsolidated and consolidated sediments

The shallow subsurface of the earth is vital to the well being of humankind. It is the source of many of our resources and of ground water. Where we excavate from the earth, how we build on it, and where we dispose of waste in it are of increasing concern as the global population grows. The associated need to locate objects or geological structures in the shallow subsurface in a noninvasive way is a challenge that is being met by geophysics, which has provided a range of geophysical methods and instruments suited for this purpose. One of the most successful of these methods is ground-penetrating radar (GPR), a nonseismic means of subsurface probing, which uses electromagnetic waves.
Managing Water in the Home: Accelerated Health Gains from Improved Water Supply

This document is not issued to the general public and all rights are reserved by the World Health Organization. The document may not be reviewed, abstracted, quoted, reproduced or translated, in part or in whole, without the prior written permission of WHO. No part of this document may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical or other without the prior written permission of WHO. The views expressed in documents by named authors are solely the responsibility of those authors. (or The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this document) FOREWORD Around 2.2 million die of basic hygiene related diseases, like diarrhoea, every year. The great majority are children in developing countries. Interventions in hygiene, sanitation and water supply make proven contributors to controlling this disease burden. For decades, universal access to safe water and sanitation has been promoted as an essential step in reducing this preventable disease burden Nevertheless the target " universal access " to improved water sources and basic sanitation remains elusive. The " Millenium Declaration " established the lesser but still ambitious goal of halving the proportion of people without access to safe water by 2015. Achieving " universal access " is an important long-term goal. How to accelerate health gains against this long-term backdrop and especially amongst the most affected populations is an important challenge. There is now conclusive evidence that simple, acceptable, low-cost interventions at the household and community level are capable of dramatically improving the microbial quality of household stored water and reducing the attendant risks of diarrheal disease and death. Many different water collection and storage systems and strategies have been developed, described and evaluated on the basis of various criteria for household and community use in developed and developing countries. A variety of physical and chemical treatment methods to improve the microbial quality of water are available and many have been tested and implemented to varying extents in developed and developing countries. Some of these water treatment and storage systems have been tested under controlled conditions in the laboratory and implemented in field to evaluate their ability to produce drinking water of acceptable microbiological quality and to maintain this quality during storage and use. Some of them also have been evaluated in the field for their ability to reduce diarrheal and other waterborne diseases among users. Because of …
Filipino Migration to Australia: The Image and a Geographer's Dissent

The Filipino population of Australia now exceeds 50,000 persons and has shown consistently high growth rates, doubling every four years since 1961. Almost no research on their population as a whole is available; but a substantial literature exists on that female portion of it which migrated to Australia for marriage. That portion b approximately one-third and is declining in relative significance. Results of analysis of 1986 Census data and a survey of 350 Filipino households are reported There appear to be significant differences in the distributional patterns of wholly and partly Filipino households which have implications for future growth and which are themselves apparently based on long-standing distributional variations in Australian masculinity ratios
Hip Height Measurements, Production and Reproduction in Adult Dairy Cows in Argentina Grazing Systems

This study was aimed to characterize the measurement of the hip height as an indicator of body size, production and reproduction in dairy cows, kept in grazing systems in the Argentine humid Pampean region. Records corresponding to 210 third lactation Holstein cows, belonging to two dairies located on the area of Rosario city, Argentina, obtained in the period 2012-2013 were evaluated. The following variables were studied: milk yield (my), calving to conception interval (cci), number of services per conception (nsc) and hip height (hh). The results showed that despite the significant differences (p≤0. 05) in average height, which varied between 138 and 149 cm, animals did not differ significantly in any of the productive and reproductive variables. The results showed that adult cows coexist with differences at the body structure level that would allow identifying different biotypes. The studied biotypes showed no relation with production and reproduction levels. A relation between production and reproduction was found. In this context, cows with less height would be the most appropriate for milk production grazing systems in Argentine Pampas.
VE-cadherin-dependent vasculogenic mimicry-like tube formation in rheumatoid arthritic synovium

Increased vascularity in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is thought to result from angiogenesis. However, other possibilities to develop vasculatures by mechanism(s) like vasculogenic mimicry remain elusive. In this study, expression of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin was immunohistochemically detected in both microvessel lining cells and �broblastic cells in RA synovium. VE-cadherin-positive lining cells surrounded by periodic acid-Schiff staining-positive substance were occasionally negative for endothelial cell markers CD31/CD34 but positive for osteoblast (OB)-cadherin that is speci�c to �broblastic cells. RA synovial fibroblast-like cells (RSFLs) in culture expressed VE-cadherin and OB-cadherin, but not CD31/CD34. Tube formation was evaluated by real-time adhesion and tube formation assays. RSFLs speci�cally bound to VE-cadherin-chimera-coated plates. They developed tube-like structures solely, which were hindered by anti-VE-cadherin antibody or VE-cadherin-chimera, and with endothelial cells. VE-cadherin was up-regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor-A 165 (VEGF 165 ) treatment, and shed from cell surface by treatment with tumor necrosis factor-a. RSFLs expressed VEGF and VEGF receptors (VEGFRs), and VEGF 165 induced up-regulation of VE-cadherin was suppressed by inhibiting VEGFR2 activity. These data demonstrate that �broblastic cells in RA synovium express VE-cadherin, and suggest that the �broblastic cells are involved in formation of vasculogenic mimicry-like tubes in RA synovium through the VEGF/VEGFR2/VE-cadherin pathway.
Toward a Method of Constructing Tidal Flat Digital Elevation Models with MODIS and Medium-Resolution Satellite Images

ABSTRACT Liu, Y. ; Li, M. ; Mao, L. ; Cheng, L. , and Li, F. , 2013. Toward a method of constructing tidal flat digital elevation models with MODIS and medium-resolution satellite images. The terrain of tidal flats often varies remarkably over space and time, but few existing methods are capable of producing fine–spatiotemporal resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) for tidal flats. This research aims to fill the knowledge gap and propose a 6-step method to construct tidal flat DEMs by incorporating both moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer and medium-resolution satellite images. The six steps include: waterline extraction, water level simulation, height assignment, median filtering, waterline point fusion, and interpolation to DEMs. A case study was conducted at the Dongsha sandbank—one of the largest sandbanks among the radial tidal sand ridges of Jiangsu Province, China. The resultant DEMs were compared with the light detection and ranging–based DEMs for vertical accuracy assessment. The results show that the proposed method successfully shortens the temporal resolution of DEMs to 3 months, while retaining high spatial resolution and vertical accuracy. An additional analysis of seasonal sediment change for tidal flats based on the proposed method shows that the sediment deposition in the Dongsha sandbank apparently has a semiannual cycle—the tidal flats are deposited in winter and eroded in summer. All of these findings are valuable references for researchers and local authorities to conduct research on the evolution of tidal flats and to boost environmental management, coastal protection, and economic exploitation.
Effect of far‐field slope on morphologic dating of scarplike landforms

The principal finding of this paper is that the far-field slope has a first-order effect on model age determinations of scarplike landforms in weakly consolidated terrains. Observationally, this can be demonstrated in two ways using the Lake Bonneville and Lahontan shoreline scarps as separate and combined data sets. Use of the reduced scarp slope, tan {theta}{sub s} {minus} b (where {theta}{sub s} is the maximum scarp angle and b is the far-field or fan slope), instead of tan {theta}{sub s} alone as the measure of scarp slope measurably reduces separation between the two data sets induced by different average fan slopes for the two data sets and significantly reduces scatter in the slope-offset plot for both the separate and combined data sets. Theoretically, the argument can be put even more strongly, at least within the range of linear and nonlinear diffusion models that the authors consider here together with a mathematical transformation of the empirical approach of R.C. Bucknam and R.E. Anderson: When one correctly takes into account the far-field slope, one will basically get the same age determination no matter which of these models one uses; conversely, without accounting properly for the effect of far-field slope, one is virtuallymore » guaranteed to get an erroneous age determination, no matter which model is used. « less
Root growth and soil water utilization of winter wheat in the North China Plain

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the major crop in the North China Plain (NCP). The monsoon climate in this region causes most rain to fall in the summer season, but during the winter‐wheat growing season (October–May) the rainfall is far less than the water requirements for the crop. The efficiency of soil water use by winter wheat needs to be improved to reduce the need for irrigation. In this paper, we report the results of two seasons' work on soil water utilization, root growth and distribution, root water uptake by the crop under different irrigation treatments, and possible ways to improve soil water‐use efficiency. The field experiments were carried out at Luancheng Station (37° 53′N, 114° 41′E) from 1996 to 1997 and 1998 to 1999, two growing seasons of winter wheat. Five treatments for each season: rain‐fed and irrigated winter wheat with different irrigation numbers from 1 up to 4, were set up in a randomized plot design. Soil available water‐holding capacity at the experimental site was about 454 mm for the top 2 m soil profile. Root sampling results showed that winter wheat had a prolific root system with an average maximum rooting depth of 2 m. Most of the root system was concentrated in the upper 40 cm of soil. Root length density in the top layer of soil (0–20 cm) was very high, with values over 5 cm cm−3. The distribution of water uptake from the soil profile under high soil moisture conditions was the same as the distribution of root length density. The roots in the top layer of soil played an important role in soil water uptake. When root length density was less than 0 · 8 cm cm−3, the root was the main factor limiting the complete utilization of soil water by crops. The scarcity of roots in the deep soil layers restricted the full utilization of soil water by the crops. Thus, at maturity, over 100 mm of available water remained in the root zone for the rain‐fed treatment, although the upper layers had already entered water deficit. The crop took up 80% of the total available soil water in the treatment without irrigation in a dry season. For irrigated wheat, from 40 to 50% of crop water uptake was from the stored soil water. Available stored soil water played an important role in the higher production of wheat crops in the NCP. Effective measures to increase the utilization of stored soil water could improve crop performance under conditions of limited water supply. Results showed that deep tillage to break the soil pan improved root growth in the deeper soil layers, and sowing the crop evenly also enhanced water uptake from the top soil layer to compete with soil evaporation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scales of equilibrium and disequilibrium during cleavage formation in chlorite and biotite‐grade phyllites, SE Vermont

Detailed electron microprobe analyses of phyllosilicates in crenulated phyllites from south‐eastern Vermont show that grain‐scale zoning is common, and sympathetic zoning in adjacent minerals is nearly universal. We interpret this to reflect a pressure‐solution mechanism for cleavage development, where precipitation from a very small fluid reservoir fractionated that fluid. Multiple analyses along single muscovite, biotite and chlorite grains (30–200 μm in length) show zoning patterns indicating Tschermakitic substitutions in muscovite and both Tschermakitic and di/trioctahedral substitutions in biotite and chlorite. Using cross‐cutting relationships and mineral chemistry it is shown that these patterns persist in cleavages produced at metamorphic conditions of chlorite‐grade, chlorite‐grade overprinted by biotite‐grade and biotite‐grade. Zoning patterns are comparable in all three settings, requiring a similar cleavage‐forming mechanism independent of metamorphic grade. Moreover, the use of 40Ar/39Ar geochronology demonstrates this is true regardless of age. Furthermore, samples with chlorite‐grade cleavages overprinted by biotite porphyroblasts suggest the closure temperatures for the diffusion of Al, Si, Mg and Fe ions are greater than the temperature of the biotite isograd (>∼400 °C). Parallel and smoothly fanning tie lines produced by coexisting muscovite–chlorite, and muscovite–biotite pairs on compositional diagrams demonstrate effectively instantaneous chemical equilibrium and probably indicate simultaneous crystallization.
American Nones: The Profile of the No Religion Population, A Report Based on the American Religious Identification Survey 2008

Barry A. Kosmin and Ariela Keysar with Ryan Cragun and Juhem Navarro-Rivera The 1990s was the decade when the "secular boom" occurred -"secular boom" occurred --- each year 1.3 each year 1.3 million more adult Americans joined the ranks of the Nones. Since 2001 the annual increase has halved to 660,000 a year. (Fig.3.1) (Fig.3.1) Whereas Nones are presently 15% of the total adult U.S. population, 22% of total adult U.S. population, 22% of Americans aged 18-Americans aged 18 ---29 years self29 years self29 years self----identify as identify as Nones. (Fig.1.2) Nones. (Fig.1.2) In terms of Belonging (self-In terms of Belonging (self---identification) 1 identification) 1 in 6 Americans is presently of No Religion, while in terms of Belief and Behavior the ratio is higher around 1 in 4. (Fig. 1.17) ratio is higher around 1 in 4. (Fig. 1.17) Regarding belief in the divine, most Nones are neither atheists nor theists but rather agnostics and deists (59%) and perhaps best described as skeptics. (Fig.1.17) best described as skeptics. (Fig.1.17) The most significant difference between the religious and non-religious and non ---religious populations is a religious populations is a gender gap. (Fig. 1.17) gender gap. (Fig. 1.17)
Wound healing properties of mesenchymal conditioned media: Analysis of PDGF, VEGF and IL-8 concentrations

Regenerative medicine has become a mainstay in recent times, and employing stem cells to treat several degenerative, inflammatory conditions has resulted in very promising outcomes. These forms of cell-based therapies are novel approaches to existing treatment modalities. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are emerging as the most versatile amongst all the existing stem cell technologies as they are multipotent and have shown promise in treating several disease conditions. The mode of action of these cells can be based on cell-cell contact or by paracrine effects. In this study, we compared the concentrations of the cytokines PDGF, IL-8, and VEGF between conditioned and spent media of MSCs to evaluate their potential therapeutic properties for wound healing in inflammatory conditions. We hypothesized that conditioned media contains higher concentrations of wound healing cytokines compared to spent media. We found that while IL-8 and VEGF were present in highest concentrations in conditioned media, PDGF was present in maximal amounts in spent media.
Interleukin family (IL-2 and IL-1β) as predictive biomarkers in Indian cancer patients: A proof of concept study

The immune system protects and defends its host against disease through immune cells. Immune cells such as T lymphocytes play a critical role in disease and health by producing key cytokines (pro-inflammatory TH1 or anti-inflammatory TH2). The inflammatory cytokines produced by immune cells such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may suppress the immune state or can lead to disease progression. In our study, we evaluated the functionality of resting PBMCs as well as phytohaemagglutinin mitogen (PHA-M) stimulated PBMCs in cancer patients and healthy controls in the Indian population. PHA-M was used as an activator of PBMCs and served as an index to assess the ability of PBMCs in both cohorts to respond to a superantigen stimulus. We hypothesized that key cytokines (TH1 and TH2 cytokines) could serve as biomarkers to assess the immune status of cancer patients based on the functionality of PBMCs primarily in resting conditions and their ability to respond to PHA-M. In our study, we found that PBMCs from cancer patients showed a marked difference in their resting and activated cytokine profiles with respect to Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) as compared to their healthy counterparts. The study also demonstrated changes in Interleukin-10 (IL-10) profiles which require further study. These cytokines may serve as a potential predictive biomarker and provide the basis to form an immune index for each individual – a tool that could be used to prescribe treatment and therapies for cancer patients.
The Effect of Interactive Electronics Use on Psychological Well Being and Interpersonal Relationship Quality in Adults

A significant body of research focuses on the adverse effects of the overuse of electronics on young children and adolescents. The objective of the current study was to examine in adults, the relationship between the usage level of interactive electronic devices (computers, smartphones, and digital tablets) and (i) level of depression, anxiety, stress, and loneliness; and (ii) quality of interpersonal relationships. Three measures of the level of interactive electronics usage were considered: Internet addiction Test (IAT) score, hours per day of work related use, and hours per day of non-work related use. In this study, 265 adult participants took an online survey that was used to determine values for psychological and interpersonal relationship scores, along with values for the three measures of the level of interactive electronics usage. The study results support the hypothesis that for the participant population, a higher IAT score is significantly correlated with a higher level of depression, anxiety, stress, and loneliness, as well as with diminished relationship quality. By contrast, psychological well-being and relationship quality did not show a significant correlation with hours per day of either work related or non-work related use of interactive electronics. The study discussion addresses the implications of interactive electronics as a public health concern and suggests possible directions for further analyses.