Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Class Size and Composition on Student Achievement: New Evidence from Natural Population Variation

I use natural population variation to identify the effects of class size and composition on student achievement. I isolate the credibly random component of population variation in each grade and school district and use this component to generate instrumental variables for class size and composition. I also exploit the discontinuous changes in class size that occur when natural population variation triggers a change in the number of classes in a grade in a school. Discontinuity-based results are both consistent and precise only when applied to within-district changes in class size and population. I find that reductions in class size from a base of 15 to 30 students have no effect on student achievement. The estimates are precise enough to identify improvements in math, reading, or writing achievement of just 3/100ths of a standard deviation. I find that the presence of black students in a class, in an of itself, has no effect on achievement. I demonstrate that estimates of the effect of racial composition that rely on between-district comparisons suffer from substantial bias. Finally, I show that more female classes perform significantly better in writing in the 4th through 8th grades and in math in the 4th grade. Comparison of the effects to average male-female differences in test scores suggest that gender composition alters classroom conduct.
The ‘medical city’ and China’s entrepreneurial state: Spatial production under rising consumerism in healthcare

The role of hospitals has significantly changed over the past decades and the ‘medical city’ has emerged as a new urban phenomenon in China. However, research on the significance of the medical city to China’s urbanism is limited. This paper situates China’s medical city in the theory of state entrepreneurialism and rethinks consumerism in healthcare. Particularly focussing on the state–market and production–consumption dyads, the paper argues that the state has engineered the institutional and market legitimacy for the rise of consumerism in healthcare and allows the medical city to capitalise on the provision and consumption of high-end healthcare services to advance the healthcare reform and capture economic opportunities. This argument is substantiated by a case study on the Shanghai New Hongqiao International Medical Center, which focusses on the public–private partnerships in the medical city. It is found that while the production of the medical city is based on private sector participation, the state’s presence is diffused in the governance of the medical city through public–private partnerships, which reflect the characteristics of state entrepreneurialism. The findings add to the theory of China’s urbanism with new sets of materials and render important implications for the urban future in China.
Efficacy of EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy in prolonging survival of patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma

Background and Objectives: The background of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) patients treated with EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS). Methods: All patients with pCCA who underwent EUS-HGS from 2010 to 2020 were analyzed. The primary outcome was clinical success; the secondary outcomes were technical success, adverse events (AEs), stent patency, and oncological outcomes. Cox proportional-hazards regression and Kaplan–Meier curves were analyzed to identify variables related to survival. Results: Thirty-four patients (50% females, 76 years old) were included; 24 (70.6%) presented with distant metastasis. Indications for EUS-HGS were ERCP failure (64.7%), duodenal stricture (23.5%), postsurgical anatomy (5.9%), and dilation limited to the left intrahepatic duct (5.9%). The technical success rate was 97.1%. The clinical success rate was 64.7%. Nine (26.5%) presented AEs, 2 fatal (bleeding and leakage). The overall survival was 91 (31-263) days. On multivariate analysis, EUS-HGS clinical success (Exp[b]: 0.23 [0.09-0.60]; P = 0.003) and chemotherapy (Exp[b]: 0.06 [0.02-0.23]; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with survival. The survival was longer in patients who achieved EUS-HGS clinical success (178[61-393] vs. 15[73-24] days; hazard ratio: 6.3; P < 0.001) and in those starting chemotherapy (324[178-439] vs. 31 [9-48]; hazard ratio: 1.2; P < 0.001). Conclusions: EUS-HGS is effective in pCCA patients despite a not negligible AE rate. Clinical success, potentially leading to jaundice resolution and chemotherapy start, significantly improves survival.
Statistics of Voronoi Polyhedra in Rapidly Quenched Monatomic Liquids. I. Changes during Rapid-Quenching Process

Analysis of the distribution of the Voronoi polyhedron is made for the computer simulated states of liquid rubidium in the rapid-quenching process from the melting point down to near the liquid helium temperature. The mean values of the numbers of faces and vertices per polyhedron decrease monotonously from the initial liquid state to the final quenched one, and for both the characteristics the slope of decrease changes around the temperature where the Wendt-Abraham parameter g min / g max changes its slope. The number of pentagonal faces per polyhedron and the population of quasi-dodecahedra increase substantially below this temperature. Statistics of the topological characteristics of Voronoi polyhedra in the final quenched state shows clear difference in the short-range order between the amorphous and the liquid states.
Analysis of the fluid weighted fair queueing system

We analyse in this paper the fluid weighted fair queueing system with two classes of customers, who arrive according to Poisson processes and require arbitrarily distributed service times. In a first step, we express the Laplace transform of the joint distribution of the workloads in the two virtual queues of the system by means of unknown Laplace transforms. Such an unknown Laplace transform is related to the distribution of the workload in one queue provided that the other queue is empty. We explicitly compute the unknown Laplace transforms by means of a Wiener—Hopf technique. The determination of the unknown Laplace transforms can be used to compute some performance measures characterizing the system (e.g. the mean waiting time for each class) which we compute in the exponential service case.
Search for New Participants in the Pathogenesis of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer with the Potential to Be Used as Diagnostic Molecules

Recent studies have attempted to develop molecular signatures of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) based on the quantitation of protein-coding and non-coding RNAs to predict disease prognosis. Due to the heterogeneity of EOC, none of the developed prognostic signatures were directly applied in clinical practice. Our work focuses on high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) due to the highest mortality rate relative to other types of EOC. Using deep sequencing of small non-coding RNAs in combination with quantitative real-time PCR, we confirm the dualistic classification of epithelial ovarian cancers based on the miRNA signature of HGSOC (type 2), which differs from benign cystadenoma and borderline cystadenoma—precursors of low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (type 1)—and identified two subtypes of HGSOC, which significantly differ in the level of expression of the progesterone receptor in the tumor tissue, the secretion of miR-16-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-20a-5p, the level of serum CA125, tumor size, surgical outcome (optimal or suboptimal cytoreduction), and response to chemotherapy. It was found that the combined determination of the level of miR-16-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p, and miR-93-5p circulating in blood plasma of patients with primary HGSOC tumors makes it possible to predict optimal cytoreduction with 80.1% sensitivity and 70% specificity (p = 0.022, TPR = 0.8, FPR = 0.3), as well as complete response to adjuvant chemotherapy with 77.8% sensitivity and 90.9% specificity (p = 0.001, TPR = 0.78, FPR = 0.09). After the additional verification of the obtained data in a larger HGSOC patient cohort, the combined quantification of these four miRNAs is proposed to be used as a criterion for selecting patients either for primary cytoreduction or neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval cytoreduction.
Current status of the laser guide star adaptive optics system for Subaru Telescope

The current status and recent results, since last SPIE conference at Orlando in 2006, for the laser guide star adaptive optics system for Subaru Telescope is presented. We had a first light using natural guide star and succeed to launch the sodium laser beam in October 2006. The achieved Strehl ratio on the 10th magnitude star was around 0.5 at K band. We confirmed that the full-width-half-maximum of the stellar point spread function is smaller than 0.1 arcsec even at the 0.9 micrometer wavelehgth. The size of the artificial guide star by the laser beam tuned at the wavelength of 589 nm was estimated to be 10 arcsec. The obtained blurred artificial guide star is caused by the wavefront error on the laser launching telescope. After the first light and first launch, we found that we need to modify and to fix the components, which are temporarily finished. Also components, which were postponed to fabricate after the first light, are required to build newly. All components used by the natural guide star adaptive optics system are finalized recently and we are ready to go on the sky. Next engineering observation is scheduled in August, 2008.
Collisional Diffusion in a Toroidal Pinch

Transverse diffusion coefficients in a toroidal pinch are investigated for three regions of collision frequencies. The configuration of a toroidal pinch is characterized by a large poloidal magnetic field B P comparable to a toroidal magnetic field B T . We calculated diffusion coefficients following the scheme of Galeev and Sagdeev. In a toroidal pinch particles can be trapped in a local magnetic mirror formed by both a toroidal magnetic field and a poloidal magnetic field. Furthermore B P ≃ B T reduces the connection length of a toroidal pinch. Transverse diffusion coefficients including these effects are shown to be smaller than D GS which is given by Galeev and Sagdeev. in the banana region \(D_{\bot}{\simeq}D_{\text{GS}}\sqrt{\delta/\varepsilon}\) is obtained and in the plateau region D ⊥ ≃ D GS (δ 2 / e 2 ), where e denotes an aspect ratio and a small parameter δ denotes the inhomogeneity of the toroidal magnetic field in the toroidal pinch. Here it is noted that a safety factor included in D ⊥ may .
Study on Fluid Front Motion of Water, Nitrogen, and CO2 during Anisotropic Flow in Shale Reservoirs

The fluid front motion is an important phenomenon during anisotropic fluid flow in rock engineering. The pore pressure and mechanical responses may be significantly influenced and show an obvious difference near the moving fluid front. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the front motion of different types of fluids during anisotropic fluid flow. In this work, a numerical model was proposed to detect the front motion of water, nitrogen, and CO2 in anisotropic shale reservoirs. The full coupling effects among mechanical deformation, fluid flow, and moving boundary in anisotropic porous media were considered in the model construction. The impacts of different fluid properties among water, nitrogen, and CO2 on the anisotropic fluid flow have been discussed. Then, the proposed model was applied to study the differences in front motion among different types of fluids in anisotropic shales. The impacts of permeability and mobility on fluid front motion were investigated. The theoretical equations for predicting the fluid front motion of different types of fluids were established by introducing corresponding correction coefficients to the previous formulas. The results showed that the model can well describe the anisotropic fluid permeation process. The fluid front motion increased with the increase of permeability and mobility. At the same permeability or mobility, the nitrogen front motion was the largest and the water front motion was the smallest. The difference in fluid front motion among water, nitrogen, and CO2 was caused by the difference of their viscosity and compressibility. The proposed formulas can fast and accurately predict the evolution of fluid front motion for different types of fluids.
Design Sensível a Valores na Computação: um Mapeamento Sistemático de Literatura

O design sensível a valores (DSV) é uma proposta que conecta valores humanos a novos produtos, o que pode trazer grandes contribuições para o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias. Para compreender o uso do design sensível a valores, benefícios e contribuições para a computação, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados de um mapeamento sistemático da literatura, fazendo um levantamento de artigos publicados a partir de 2010, e disponíveis nas bibliotecas digitais ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore e Science-Direct. Esse levantamento seguiu o processo de condução de um mapeamento sistemático de literatura. Com os resultados obtidos neste trabalho, foi constatada a presença do DSV em diversas áreas de aplicação, como controle parental, bem-estar do idoso e jogos para diferentes idades. Também foi identificado que utilizar o DSV traz benefícios para o ser humano, por exemplo, os valores de deficientes visuais para auxiliar no desenvolvimento de produtos inclusivos para esse público-alvo. Apesar de algumas dificuldades na implantação dessa metodologia, como o número pequeno de participantes nas fases investigativas, é possível reconhecer que utilizar DSV traz contribuições para o design dos sistemas, focando nos valores mais importantes dos stakeholders envolvidos em um projeto.
Quantum dynamics in the partial Wigner picture

Recently we have shown how the partial Wigner representation of quantum mechanics can be used to study hybrid quantum models where a system with a finite number of energy levels is coupled to linear or nonlinear oscillators (Beck and Sergi 2013 Phys. Lett. A 377 1047). The purpose of this work is to provide a detailed derivation of the partially Wigner-transformed quantum equations of motion for nonlinear oscillator subsystems under the action of general polynomial potentials. Such equations can be written in terms of a propagator, which can then be expanded in a power series. The linear terms of the series describe quantum-classical dynamics while the nonlinear terms provide the corrections needed to restore the fully quantum character of the evolution. In the case of polynomial potentials and position dependent couplings, the number of nonlinear terms is finite and the corrections can be calculated explicitly. In this work we show how to implement numerically the above scheme where, in principle, no assumption about the strength of the coupling must be taken. We illustrate the formalism by studying a two-level system interacting with an asymmetric quartic oscillator. We integrate the quantum dynamics of the total system and provide a comparison with the case of the quantum-classical dynamics of the quartic oscillator. The approach presented here is expected to be effective for studying hybrid quantum circuits in quantum information theory and for witnessing the quantum-to-classical transition in nano-oscillators coupled to pseudo-spins.
Two‐component proton spectra in the inner Saturnian magnetosphere

The Low Energy Charged Particle (LECP) experiment onboard the Voyager-2 spacecraft performed extensive measurements of energetic (approx.28 keV or approx. =16 MeV whose spectral form is similar to that expected from cosmic ray neutron albedo decay (CRAND), as previously inferred by the Pioneer-11 investigators from integral measurements. In addition, there exist large fluxes of high (> or approx. =1.5 MeV) and low (22 to 35 keV) energy electrons (approx.3.5 x 10/sup 5/ and approx.1.1 x 10/sup 5/ cm/sup -2/sec/sup -1/sr/sup -1/, respectively) throughout this region. The pitch angle distribution of low energy protons changes from a simple sin/sup 2/3/ . cap alpha. dependence to one where intensities near 90/sup 0/ become depleted as the spacecraft approached the planet's ring planemore » at approx.2. 88 R/sub S/. It is likely that the pitch angle depletion is due to proton interactions with the tenuous G-ring. These observations also resolve a number of uncertainties regarding the presence of energetic protons and electrons inside the orbits of Enceladus and Mimas, arising from the analysis of Pioneer-11 measurements. « less
Paramagnetic Defects and Thermoluminescence in Irradiated Nanostructured Monoclinic Zirconium Dioxide

The ESR spectra of nanostructured samples of monoclinic ZrO2 irradiated by electrons with energies of 130 keV, 10 MeV, and by a beam of Xe ions (220 MeV) have been studied. It has been established that irradiation of samples with electrons (10 MeV) and ions leads to the formation of radiation-induced F+ centers in them. Thermal destruction of these centers is observed in the temperature range of 375–550 K for electron-irradiated and 500–700 K for ion-irradiated samples. It is shown that the decrease in the concentration of F+ centers is associated with the emptying of traps responsible for thermoluminescence (TL) peaks in the specified temperature range. In the samples irradiated with an ion beam, previously unidentified paramagnetic centers with g = 1.963 and 1.986 were found, the formation of which is likely to involve Zr3+ ions and oxygen vacancies. Thermal destruction of these centers occurs in the temperature range from 500 to 873 K.
Irony in Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis promotes psychological growth by nurturing patients’ creativity and cognitive, interpersonal, and affective competence. Cultivating ironic sensibility in the analytic relationship can give rise to a therapeutic play space in which the patient’s new ways of thinking, feeling, and relating are respected and supported. In particular, irony can facilitate the patient’s growing ability to link, acknowledge, and explore previously unsymbolized, dissociated affective states. By courting irony, the analyst can assist the patient in tolerating the anxiety and shame that emerge while working through traumatic material. This article discusses both the benefits and pitfalls of irony in the analytic process.
Time-varying filter banks and multiwavelets

A wavelet construction by Geronimo, Hardin and Massopust uses more than one wavelet and scaling function. Strang and Strela gave a filter bank interpretation of that result, as well as a condition for moment properties of the resulting wavelets. The present authors are concerned with the regularity of the resulting iterated filter bank scheme, that is, a matrix extension of the classic result by Daubechies (1988) on iterated filters. They show in particular: (i) the relation between time-varying filter banks and multiwavelets, (ii) the construction of multiwavelets as limits of iterated time-varying filter banks, (iii) a necessary condition for the convergence of the iterated matrix product and (iv) an exploration of examples of multiwavelets as iterations of time-varying filter banks. <<ETX>>
Automated Adaptive-Ensemble Framework for Large Wind Power Prediction in Poland Using Deep Learning Models

Prediction of considerable wind power is a signifi cant factor in modern power systems’ robust and resilient operation. As a result, many studies addressed up-to-day-ahead wind power forecasting. Taking into account the abilities of machine learning (ML) Models and their combinations, in this paper, the Authors would like to present the framework for 60-hour wind power forecasting in Poland. Possession of longer than one-day ahead of accurate wind power forecasts gives an ability to the transmission system operator (TSO) and distribution system operator (DSO) the to improve the control of grid traffi c and assimilate more effi ciently the renewable energy sources (RES) generated power. The presented method uses the geographical coordinates of wind farms in the area of interest with their wind-power curves. It combines it with weather parameters such as wind speed and direction, wind gust, air temperature, and pressure for improved accuracy. The novelty of the proposed method is that model can adapt autonomously according to achieved past accuracy. A back-score accuracy has been tracked based on past predictions and measured wind power generation. Furthermore, the model combines diff erent ML models that can be adapted or retrained if prediction performance drops below an acceptable level. In this paper, we would like to present a method and performance analysis of the adaptive ensemble-model method, whose accuracy has been calculated compared with actual data measured in the National Power System of Poland. Furthermore, the paper’s novelty is that the proposed method/framework can use only an approximate model of large wind generation at the beginning, and the model can be fi ne-tuned in the proposed method’s operation as a function of back-accuracy measurement triggering ensemble-model adaptation
Blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth.) fertilized with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium: Effect on anthracnose under controlled conditions

In order to seek management alternatives for anthracnose caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth.), at the Tibaitatá Research Center of the Colombian Agricultural Research Corporation AGROSAVIA (formerly CORPOICA), an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of the application of the major elements nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) on infections of the fungus C. gloeosporioides strain-52. For this purpose, a randomized complete block design was used with an arrangement of treatments in an orthogonal central composite design. To evaluate the relationship of fertilization levels and disease severity, an artificial inoculation was made on thorny blackberry stems using 0.5 cm mycelial discs at a concentration of 9.53 × 104 conidia. Observations consisted of: disease severity (S), incubation period (IP) and rate of development (r). Data analysis was done by the cluster method on the severity variable, a Pearson correlation analysis between variables, as well as a regression to estimate the effect of nutrients applied on the severity of C. gloeosporioides strain-52. The treatments were concentrated in four groups with the ranges (in parentheses) S (15.9% and 91.8%), PI (9 and 15.3) and Tr (0.0254 and 0.0468). A positive and significant correlation was observed between S and r (P < 0.001) and a negative correlation between PI with S and r (P < 0.001). By means of regression analysis, a linear model was generated that showed a reduction in disease severity with increasing N dose and an increase with the levels of P and Ca applied.
Cosmological evolution of a D-brane

We study the cosmological evolution of a single BPS D-brane coupled to gravity in the absence of potential. When such a D-brane moves in the bulk with nonvanishing velocity, it tends to slow down to zero velocity via mechanisms like gravitational wave leakage to the bulk, losing its kinetic energy to fuel the expansion of the Universe on the D-brane. If the initial velocity of the D-brane is high enough, the Universe on the D-brane undergoes a dustlike stage at early times and an acceleration stage at late times, realizing the original Chaplygin gas model. When the D-brane velocity is initially zero, the D-brane will always remain fixed at some position in the bulk, with the brane tension over the Plank mass squared as a cosmological constant. It is further shown that this kind of fixed brane universe can arise as defects from tachyon inflation on a non-Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfeld D-brane with one dimension higher.