Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social media addiction and loneliness of high school students

The purpose of this study was to determine whether high school students' addictions to social media and feelings of loneliness were related. The UCLA loneliness scale, and the social media addiction scale were applied for this purpose. To supplement the quantitative data, a semi-structured questionnaire was also created, and students' perspectives on social media addiction and loneliness were evaluated. The study was conducted in a Turkish Anatolian high school student. 30 students took part in the study's qualitative part, whereas 379 students took part in the study's quantitative part. The study's quantitative findings and the data acquired from them showed that the students generally have a moderate level of social media addiction and a moderate level of loneliness. Additionally, the connection between students' addictions to social media and feelings of loneliness was investigated, and it was found through quantitative data that there was no such association. Nevertheless, qualitative data showed a connection between students' social media addictions and loneliness. While the qualitative findings match with the literature, the quantitative findings disagree with it when compared to other studies of a similar nature. As a result of the study, it can be seen that high school kids have moderate degrees of social media addiction and moderate level of loneliness. As a result, although quantitative data doesn't support, based on the qualitative data it can be said that high school students' addictions to social media may deprive them from real social environment and may lead them being loneliness.
Diversity of fluid geochemistry affected by processes during fluid upwelling in active hydrothermal fields in the Izena Hole, the middle Okinawa Trough back-arc basin

1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan 2Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan 3Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan 4Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan 5School of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan 6Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute for Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan 7Precambrian Ecosystem Laboratory (PEL), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan 8Institute of Biogeosciences (Biogeos), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan 9Submarine Resources Research Project (SRRP), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan 10Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nangoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
Association between Sleep Duration and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective In this study, we aimed to estimate the impact of sleep duration on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Consecutive patients with T2DM undergoing transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in our center from October 2017 to February 2021 were analyzed. The association of the risk of LVH in T2DM patients was evaluated using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results This study finally included 2689 adult patients (mean age 51.8 ± 12.5 years, 56.2% men, mean sleep duration 7.6 ± 1.4 hours per day). Of all patients, 655 (24.4%) patients were diagnosed with LVH and 2034 did not have LVH. All patients were adults and were diagnosed with T2DM. In the univariate and multivariate regression analyses, gender, sleep duration, body mass index (BMI), waist, hemoglobin (Hb), blood creatinine (Cr), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were associated with LVH. In the restricted cubic spline (RCS) model, the cut-off points of sleep duration given refer to the group of patients with T2DM and LVH were 8 hours per day. With the cut-off points, the multivariable analysis demonstrated that, for diabetic patients, LVH was significantly correlated with a sleep duration of 8 hours per day, hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and HDL-c. Conclusion For patients with T2DM, long sleep duration (>8 hours per day), hemoglobin, BUN, and HDL-c were independently associated with LVH. This trial is registered with NCT03811470.
Estimating stellar parameters and identifying very metal-poor stars for low-resolution spectra (R ∼ 200)

Abstract Very metal-poor (VMP, [Fe/H]<-2.0) stars serve as invaluable repositories of insights into the nature and evolution of the first-generation stars formed in the early galaxy. The upcoming China Space Station Telescope (CSST) will provide us with a large amount of spectral data that may contain plenty of VMP stars, and thus it is crucial to determine the stellar atmospheric parameters ( $T_{\textrm{eff}}$ , $\log$ g, and [Fe/H]) for low-resolution spectra similar to the CSST spectra ( $R\sim 200$ ). This study introduces a novel two-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, comprised of three convolutional layers and two fully connected layers. The model’s proficiency is assessed in estimating stellar parameters, particularly metallicity, from low-resolution spectra ( $R \sim 200$ ), with a specific focus on enhancing the search for VMP stars within the CSST spectral data. We mainly use 10 008 spectra of VMP stars from LAMOST DR3, and 16 638 spectra of non-VMP stars ([Fe/H]>-2.0) from LAMOST DR8 for the experiments and apply random forest and support vector machine methods to make comparisons. The resolution of all spectra is reduced to $R\sim200$ to match the resolution of the CSST, followed by pre-processing and transformation into two-dimensional spectra for input into the CNN model. The validation and practicality of this model are also tested on the MARCS synthetic spectra. The results show that using the CNN model constructed in this paper, we obtain Mean Absolute Error (MAE) values of 99.40 K for $T_{\textrm{eff}}$ , 0.22 dex for $\log$ g, 0.14 dex for [Fe/H], and 0.26 dex for [C/Fe] on the test set. Besides, the CNN model can efficiently identify VMP stars with a precision rate of 94.77%, a recall rate of 93.73%, and an accuracy of 95.70%. This paper powerfully demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed CNN model in estimating stellar parameters for low-resolution spectra ( $R\sim200$ ) and recognizing VMP stars that are of interest for stellar population and galactic evolution work.
Reconstruction of Corrupted Photoplethysmography Signals Using Recursive Generative Adversarial Networks

This article explores how motion artifacts (MAs) affect photoplethysmography (PPG) signals measured from the radial artery of the wrist through our wearable system called WrisTee. We propose a recursive generative adversarial network (GAN) model that reconstructs corrupted PPG signals across a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) from −33 to 25 dB. To train and evaluate the model’s performance, we constructed a dataset of PPG signals obtained from 15 subjects and developed an algorithm for generating synthetic noisy data. The proposed GAN model enables the measurement of heart rate (HR) from synthetic data with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.7 bpm. Finally, our model successfully processed 77% of PPG segments from real noisy data. This method provides a foundation for developing generative models aimed at reconstructing noisy PPG data affected by MAs, therefore enhancing the accuracy of personal health monitoring devices.
Challenges of income diversification and food security in Northern rural Ghana

Abstract The relationship between income diversification and food security gained considerable attention in the academic literature in the last two decades. Smallholder farmers undertake income diversification activities to ensure improved food security amidst changing patterns of climate and rural socio-demographics. Understanding challenges of smallholder farmers in income diversification strategies is critical to assess the effectiveness of food security measures in savannah regions threatened by weather variability and environmental shocks. The aim of this study is to shed light on the challenges of income diversification in Northern rural Ghana and to add to the growing body of research seeking to understand the challenges of income diversification and its link to food security status of smallholder farmers in the deprived context of rural Africa. By exploiting a unique sample of 500 agricultural households in rural Ghana, we show that income diversification and food security status of smallholders is positively related for both food access and nutritional diversity. Our results show that income diversification played a significant role in improving food access and dietary consumption. Highly diversified households were more likely to report being food secure as higher income diversification translated into higher incomes and food security. The single most important factor which stood out as an explanatory variable for food security in Northern rural Ghana was spousal incomes generated from diversification. Spousal incomes accounted for (29.2%) of the share of total household incomes used to purchase food for farm families in distress seasons. The findings support the use of spousal income diversification pathways as a means of reducing the negative impacts of food insecurity in the Yendi and Bimbilla Municipalities of Northern Region. The study highlights the need for Ghana’s economic policy frameworks to address the following three cardinal challenges of income diversification : (1) poor access to start-up capital or funds, (2) poor condition of infrastructure, and (3) high costs of transportation, directly linked to the under development of Northern Ghana.
Intergenerational Changes in the Biological Dynamics of Populations from Southern Poland in the 20th Century

Abstract The study material contained questionnaires with questions referring to three generations of women living in two geographical regions of Poland, Podbeskidzie (313 families) and Podkarpacie (437 families). By computing fertility rates, we attempted to find out whether there were any regional factors determining the biological dynamics of these populations in the 20th century. We were also looking for an answer to the question whether living conditions specific for functioning in various types of population clusters (such as village, town, and city) had an effect on the fertility and mortality levels in the families of the subjects of the study The dynamic nature of the processes associated with fertility and mortality on the population level was studied with the use of the index of opportunity for natural selection . Populations inhabiting the geographical regions under study were similar in terms of the mean number of children in families that had finished reproduction. The intergenerational comparison revealed a significant decline in the total fertility rate in all subgroups formed by size of population cluster. The analysis of the data for the generations of the subjects’ mothers and grandmothers showed a distinct decline in child mortality rate. The increase in the fertility rate in the generation of the subjects’ mothers may be explained with improving social care provided by the state at that time.
Cascaded Channel Estimator for IRS-Aided mmWave Hybrid MIMO System

The synergistic integration of the intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) and millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is a potential solution for future wireless communication systems, aiming to achieve exceptionally high data rates with enhanced coverage. However, estimation of the cascaded channel state information is essential for beamforming in mmWave MIMO systems with IRS. Unlike conventional MIMO systems, channel estimation for IRS-aided mmWave MIMO systems is challenging due to the limited signal processing capability of the IRS. In this letter, we propose an online sparse exponential forgetting window least mean square-based channel estimator for IRS-assisted mmWave hybrid MIMO systems. Furthermore, we compare accuracy of the proposed estimator with the existing sparse estimators such as orthogonal matching pursuit, sparse Bayesian learning, and oracle least square for benchmarking. Additionally, we perform an analysis of the spectral efficiency and computational complexity of the proposed algorithms. Simulations corroborate superior performance of the proposed method in terms of accuracy, complexity, and robustness.
Traffic Shaping With Optical-Wireless Cooperative Control to Reduce Uplink Jitter Due to Radio Transmission

Beyond 5th generation (5G) and 6th generation (6G) mobile systems require not only low latency but also low jitter for deterministic services such as remote operation. Since remote operation requires high-definition video streaming in the uplink, the uplink transmission performance will become more important. However, current new radio (NR) mobile systems cause jitter in the uplink traffic of the mobile backhaul (MBH) network because of the radio transmission schemes such as downlink/uplink separation of time division duplexing (TDD) and medium access control (MAC) service data unit (SDU) concatenation to compose transport blocks. Thus, we propose MBH uplink jitter reduction techniques with optical-wireless cooperative control. Our proposed techniques execute traffic shaping at a router in the MBH network to reduce uplink jitter. The shaping rate that reduces jitter while minimizing latency increase is calculated with mobile scheduling information forwarded from a next generation node B (gNB) via an extended cooperative transport interface (eCTI). The eCTI provides an interface between gNBs and network equipment to achieve optical-wireless cooperative control. In this paper, we experimentally validate our proposed jitter reduction techniques through a combination of simulations for radio transmission and experiments with a shaper prototype we developed. The results regarding end-to-end (E2E) jitter performance indicate that the proposed techniques reduce the maximum jitter by 88%, from 1.1 ms to $137 ~\mu \text{s}$ .
Empowering the 6G Cellular Architecture With Open RAN

Innovation and standardization in 5G have brought advancements to every facet of the cellular architecture. This ranges from the introduction of new frequency bands and signaling technologies for the radio access network (RAN), to a core network underpinned by micro-services and network function virtualization (NFV). However, like any emerging technology, the pace of real-world deployments does not instantly match the pace of innovation. To address this discrepancy, one of the key aspects under continuous development is the RAN with the aim of making it more open, adaptive, functional, and easy to manage. In this paper, we highlight the transformative potential of embracing novel cellular architectures by transitioning from conventional systems to the progressive principles of Open RAN. This promises to make 6G networks more agile, cost-effective, energy-efficient, and resilient. It opens up a plethora of novel use cases, ranging from ubiquitous support for autonomous devices to cost-effective expansions in regions previously underserved. The principles of Open RAN encompass: (i) a disaggregated architecture with modular and standardized interfaces; (ii) cloudification, programmability and orchestration; and (iii) AI-enabled data-centric closed-loop control and automation. We first discuss the transformative role Open RAN principles have played in the 5G era. Then, we adopt a system-level approach and describe how these Open RAN principles will support 6G RAN and architecture innovation. We qualitatively discuss potential performance gains that Open RAN principles yield for specific 6G use cases. For each principle, we outline the steps that research, development and standardization communities ought to take to make Open RAN principles central to next-generation cellular network designs.
Diseño de una taxonomía para el estudio psicológico de las características estructurales de los videojuegos

Las características estructurales (CE) de los videojuegos son las responsables de inducir o mantener el comportamiento de juego independientemente del estado fisiológico, psicológico o socioeconómico del jugador. Usualmente, los videojuegos se han estudiado desde su género, pero la rápida evolución de la industria ha acrecentado la ambigüedad en la categorización y clasificación de estos. Por ello, el estudio mediante CE puede ser un modo más preciso de analizar los videojuegos. El objetivo del estudio es diseñar una taxonomía de CE que responda a los videojuegos actuales y que contribuya a identificar qué CE inciden en la conducta de los jugadores. Después de revisar taxonomías previas, entrevistar a videojugadores expertos y entrevistar a un desarrollador de videojuegos, se construyó una taxonomía de 52 CE agrupadas en cuatro factores: sociales, de manipulación y control, narrativos e identitarios, y de recompensa y castigo. En futuras investigaciones, esta taxonomía permitirá estudiar empíricamente las relaciones existentes entre las características psicológicas de los jugadores y las CE de sus videojuegos de preferencia. También permitirá conocer qué variables psicológicas influyen en el desempeño de equipos profesionales de eSports en relación con CE, y por qué el número de jugadores y aficionados sigue en aumento.
Waikiki Beach, Oahu, Hawaii: History of Its Transformation from a Natural to an Urban Shore

Waikiki, in Honolulu, Hawaii is a narrow beach that has been modified extensively. This history from a coastal engineering perspective is of the shore between Kewalo Basin and the Elks Club near Diamond Head. The beach and reef are exposed to waves from the south, with good surfing sites. A century ago, most of the shore was a narrow, thin ribbon of carbonate sand lying between wetlands, mudflats, duck ponds, fishponds, and a gently sloping fringing reef a few thousand feet wide. Not much sand was in the beach or the thin patches of sand on the reef. Several small streams flowed into the sea. The first en- croachment onto the beach with buildings and other works occurred in the 1880s and 1890s — a few homes, several bath- houses, and small hotels, some built partly on piles. Seawalls, groins, and several piers were constructed. The Natatorium was built from shore 200 feet onto the reef in 1927. The Ala Wai Canal and Ala Wai Yacht Harbor were also constructed. Of great importance was the removal of many truckloads of sand from the premises of Queen Lili'uokalani circa 1909, and the dredging of sand, coral rubble, and rock from the reef for fill of portions of the wetlands at Fort DeRussy in 1909. A dredge was used to clear a channel through the reef to the shore- line, and then parallel to the shore. In 1913, additional dredg- ing was done to permit a 69-ton coast artillery gun to be brought by barge to the reservation. Channels, basins, and ponds have been dredged in the reef for several purposes; they front about one-half of the shore. These have caused changes in wave and current action, and in the transport and deposition of sand and silt. Much of the sand now on the beach segments between Diamond Head and Ala Moana Beach Park has been brought from other locations in Hawaii for beach fill, or for construct- ing a beach by placing sand on top of a base made of crushed coral rock dredged from the nearshore. Also, sand was dredged in 2000 and in 2006 from small deposits on the reef, pumped to shore at Kuhio Beach, and distributed along the section of beach which is protected by a shore-parallel breakwater (crib wall), elevation about MLLW, and groins connected to shore. Since Duke Kahanamoku's comments in the 1930s, guidelines governing beach nourishment have been to preserve the break- ers for surfboarding, provide a sand blanket to cover the in- shore coral, and stabilize a dry beach for sunbathing. ABSTRACT
Exploring Swarm Optimization of Traffic flow in Cities

With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization in China, the development of the city is increasingly becoming saturated. There is no doubt that the city's economic development and people's travel life have brought a lot of pressure on the urban road traffic. Many research focus on the optimization of traffic flow in cities. Considering the accident, vehicles can avoid congestion point and change behavior, such as moving path of accidents before the vehicle driving rules in BML model was improved, closer to that of the actual vehicle driving behavior. On the basis of the improved model, the density of road network traffic flow must be respectively, the accident point number changes impact on the average speed of traffic flow; Accident number must be, a road network traffic flow density changes impact on the average speed of traffic flow; Accidents before the vehicle transition probability at each lattice point impact on the average speed of traffic flow; The vehicle before the accident point transfer probability distribution function of each lattice point is different effect the running state of the system simulation research on the four questions such as, the analysis of simulation results, a series of meaningful conclusions.
A Pyroxene – Hornfels from the Basic Plutonic Complex, Co. Tyrone, Ireland

Summary A basic augite-hypersthene-hornfels, which escaped a subsequent regional amphibolite facies metamorphism, is preserved adjacent to a gabbroic intrusion of the Basic Plutonic Complex. The hornfels and two dolerites have been analysed and their compositions compared with similar rocks from Duluth and Skye. It appears that Si, Na and K have been removed from the dolerites, and the resultant hornfels relatively enriched in Fe, Mg, Ti and Ca.
Assessing the Factors Influencing the Adoption of Digital Signatures Among Government Employees in Tanzania

This study aimed at assessing the factors influencing the adoption of digital signatures among government employees in Tanzania. The study was guided by the technology acceptance model (TAM) with an additional of facilitating condition, a construct that was borrowed from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). The quantitative research design was used by employing a purposive sampling technique to effectively identify cases that would use limited research resources. The study involved sample of 256 respondents drawn from selected government organizations. Findings indicated that the results are consistent with the original TAM framework and the additional factor – facilitating conditions fit well into the model. The results were discussed and recommendations as well as future research directions were suggested.
A Novel Mosquiocidal Bacterium from Soils of Vellore, Tamil nadu, India

In this study, intensive screening for mosquitocidal bacteria from different agricultural soils of Vellore district of Tamil Nadu was carried out to isolate potential mosquitocidal bacteria. From a total of 315 soil samples, 945 bacterial isolates were cultured, out of which three isolates showed mosquitocidal activity. One most potential mosquitocidal isolate was selected out of these and studied further. The isolate was identified by ilvD primer and phylogenetic tree as Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. This new isolate exhibited effective toxicity against Aed. aegypti, An. stephensi, and Cx. quinquefasciatus. The LC50 values were 0.757, 0.52 and 0.165 mg/ l respectively. Similarly, the LC90 values were 0.963, 0.794 and 0.355 mg/l, respectively. These results depict that the new isolate (Bti) VEVP-60 is a good candidate for mosquito control.