Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entropy in an oscillating universe

Irreversible processes in a model universe containing gas and radiation are studied. By making simplified but plausible hypotheses regarding the exchange of energy between the two components, the effects of these processes are traced, as manifested in the dynamical behaviour of the model and in the evolution of a suitably defined entropy. The dynamical behaviour is found to change systematically from cycle to cycle, coming to resemble more and more closely that of a system that is just barely bound (i. e. just contracting). The entropy increases continuously, and so provides an arrow of time even in the contracting phase. These conclusions are illustrated with numerical computations.
Global-in-Time H 1 -Stability of L2-1 (cid:2) Method on General Nonuniform Meshes for Subdiffusion Equation

In this work the L2-1 σ method on general nonuniform meshes is studied for the subdiffusion equation. When the time step ratio is no less than 0 . 475329, a bilinear form associated with the L2-1 σ fractional-derivative operator is proved to be positive semideﬁnite and a new global-in-time H 1 -stability of L2-1 σ schemes is then derived under simple assumptions on the initial condition and the source term. In addition, the sharp L 2 -norm convergence is proved under the constraint that the time step ratio is no less than 0 . 475329.
Transformations of interval linear systems of equations and inequalities

Very recently, new results on transformation of interval linear systems and on generalizations of the Farkas lemma to interval systems appeared in the literature. They are by far not obvious since the standard transformations on linear systems are not easily adapted to interval system due to the dependency problem. The aim of this paper was to come up with new possible transformations and to extend the results to more general classes of AE interval systems and to linear parametric systems. We also show that the transformations can help in simplifying the proofs of some characterization theorems.
Band Calculations on YbB12, SmB6 and CeNiSn

Many rare earth and actinide compounds are well known as heavy fermion systems with a large specific heat coefficient or as valence fluctuation systems with an energy-gap of activation type. Band calculation is a powerful method for investigat­ ing the electronic structures of these materials, although many-body effects are not sufficiently contained. If hybridization between /-electrons and conduction electrons is large, the Fermi surfaces are . explained as a result of a conventional band calcula­ tion using the local density approximation (LDA). If /-electrons are well localized and have a large magnetic moment, the Fermi surfaces are expected to be similar to those of non-I reference materials. Therefore investigations for the electronic struc­ tures of /-electron systems, provided the heavy masses cannot be expected, are important to know the role of /-electrons in their ground states. For the compounds with an energy-gap, results of band calculations using LDA are needed to answer the question whether hybridization causes a gap or not. Both of SmB6 1 > and YbB1z 2 >' 3 > are known as valence fluctuation compounds with clear gap. CeNiSn is known as a dense Kondo compound with a formation of an energy-gap. 4 >' 5 > The existence of the gap is suggested in the experiments. The resistivity of YbB12 and SmB6 rise in low temperatures in order of magnitude, while the resistivity in the c-direction of CeNiSn becomes about only 4 times larger below 5 K at most in three directiQns of the orthorhombic axes. Therefore, the energy gap in CeNiSn may have different charac­ ter. The compound SmB6 has a CaB6 type crystal structure with the space 'group of Pm3m. Trivalent compounds with this structure such as LaB6, PrB6, NdB6 and YB6 are good metals with one conduction electron per metallic ion, while divalent com­ pounds such as CaB6 and SrB6 are insulator. The band calculation for CaB6 calcu­ lated with LDA gives a small direct gap between the valence and conduction bands at the X points in the simple cubic Brillouin zone. 6 > The magnitude of the energy gap is 0.3 eV, in reasonable agreement with the experimental value, 0.4 eV suggested by
SYNCHRONIZATION AND STABILITY IN A SYSTEM OF TWO IDENTICAL CHEMICAL OSCILLATORS

Using the Oregonator as a model for the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, we studied the synchronization process of two identical oscillators with diagonal bidirectional coupling. We analyzed the stability of the synchronous regime in terms of the largest transversal Lyapunov exponent by considering the coupling strength as the main parameter. We identified the sequence perturbation-regulation-adjustment both for the system’s self-organization and for its maintenance when it is perturbed. Subject headings: Synchronization; coupled oscillators — Oscillations, chaos, and bifurcations — Complex chemical systems
Foreign Body Granuloma of the Breast Discovered Accidentally at Age of 40

DOI: 10.46998/IJCMCR.2023. 28.000695 Considered as uncommon breast lesions, breast granulomas can produce palpable lesions, mimicking carcinomas. It results when the patient’s body is unable to break down a substance, thus multinucleated giant cells and histiocytes surround this so-called substance causing the formation of “granulomas” [1]. It has various aetiologies including tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, immunological defects, and foreign body reactions [2]. It is often iatrogenic, such as remnants of surgical procedures or broken needles. However other foreign materials have been reported such as silicone, paraffin, gunpowder, carbon particles used for localization, and thorns [3]. Through this image article, we present the case of a 40-year-old woman, with history of a fall in the woods 20 years ago, on thorns, who consulted for routine screening mammography and breast ultrasound revealing foreign body granuloma. Physical examination usually finds a tender mass which may lead to foreign body granulomas misdiagnosed as soft tissue tumours when a foreign body is not seen or recognised. Imaging appearance may be influenced by varying degrees of fibrosis and inflammation and fibrosis, similar to the variable appearance of fat necrosis found on ultrasound. In some cases, it can mimic malignancy, however with good history and correlation to other modalities, a diagnosis can sometimes be made without the need for biopsy [3]. The morphology also varies on the material, size and location of the foreign body. Ultrasound usually finds echogenic foreign bodies with posterior acoustic shadowing, surrounded by the granuloma as a hypoechoic halo that can consist of haematoma, oedema and/or granulation tissue. On MRI, an old granuloma may have a capsule with low signal in both T1 and T2 WI with a linear enhancement after Gadolinium administration [1]. In the end, radiologists should insist on thorough clinical history and remember that foreign bodies may be retained by a tissue granulomatous reaction forming a foreign body granuloma that may be misdiagnosed as a soft tissue tumor.
Differentially Expressed Inflammatory Cell Death-Related Genes and the Serum Levels of IL-6 are Determinants for Severity of Coronaviruses Diseases-2019 (COVID-19)

Background: Inflammatory cell death, PANoptosis, has been suggested to orchestrate the lymphocyte decrement among coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients. The main aim of this study was to examine the differences in the expression of key genes related to inflammatory cell death and their correlation with lymphopenia in the mild and severe types of COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: Eighty-eight patients (36 to 60 years old) with mild (n = 44) and severe (n = 44) types of COVID-19 were enrolled. The expression of key genes related to apoptosis (FAS-associated death domain protein, FADD), pyroptosis (ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARD)), the adapter protein ASC binds directly to caspase-1 and is critical for caspase-1 activation in response to a broad range of stimuli), and necroptosis (mixed lineage kinase domain-like, MLKL) genes were examined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay, and compared between the groups. The serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay. Results: A major increase in the expression of FADD, ASC, and MLKL-related genes in the severe type of patients was compared to the mild type of patients. The serum levels of IL-6 similarly indicated a significant increase in the severe type of the patients. A significant negative correlation was detected between the three genes’ expression and the levels of IL-6 with the lymphocyte counts in both types of COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: Overall, the main regulated cell-death pathways are likely to be involved in lymphopenia in COVID-19 patients, and the expression levels of these genes could potentially predict the patients’ outcome.
Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from paper mulberry fibers

The applicability of paper mulberry fiber (PM-FB), which is bast fiber, for manufacturing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with high-yield was investigated. The PM-FB and hardwood bleached kraft pulp (Hw-BKP) were hydrolyzed under different sulfuric acid concentrations, reaction times, and reaction temperatures. The dependence of the CNC yield on the hydrolysis conditions and crystallinity of the raw materials was analyzed. The functional groups of the CNCs and their zeta potentials were determined. The fiber length and width of the individual CNCs were determined by transmission electron microscopy image analysis. The PM-FB showed a higher crystallinity of 86.8% compared to that of Hw-BKP and exhibited a high CNC yield of 55% under strong hydrolysis conditions. The sulfate group was introduced into the CNCs, which increased their negative charge. The fiber width of PM-FB-based CNCs (PM-CNCs) was larger than that of Hw-BKP-based CNCs (Hw-CNCs), and the aspect ratio ranged from 29.0 to 12.2 depending on the hydrolysis conditions. The yield of PM-CNCs was higher than that of Hw-CNCs under the same hydrolysis conditions. In addition, both CNCs exhibited similar quality. Therefore, PM-FB is a promising raw material for efficient CNC manufacturing.
Information Theoretic Reasons for Computational Difficulty

We give an intuitive account of the concepts in the title, by considering the following simple number-theoretic example. Imagine two distant players who communicate by exchanging binary messages (bits). One player is given a prime number x, and the second a composite number y, where x,y < 2". The players' task is to find a prime number p, with p < 2n, such that x ^ y (mod p). The existence of such a small prime p is guaranteed by the prime number theorem and the Chinese remainder theorem. The players agree beforehand on a "protocol" for exchanging messages. The protocol dictates to each player what message to send at each point, based on his input and the messages he received so far. It also dictates when to stop, and how do determine the answer from the information received. There is no limit on the computational complexity of these decisions, which are free of charge. The cost of the protocol is the number of bits they have to exchange on the worst case choice of inputs. We shall be interested in the cost of the best protocol under this measure, which we denote by t(n). There is a trivial protocol in which one player sends his input to the second (n bits), who computes the answer and sends it (log n bits) back to the first. This shows that t(n) <,n + log n. How small can t(n) be? Is it possible that t(n) = 0(log n), which is (essentially) the trivial lower bound? At present, these trivial upper and lower bounds are the best known ! Why should anyone take the time to think about this problem, besides its innocently simple statement and the challenge of the exponential gap in our knowledge? The reason is that this information theoretic problem encodes the computational difficulty of primality testing! Answering it is extremely important for computational number theory and theoretical computer science as follows:
Complex line bundles over simplicial complexes

This cumulative dissertation treats practical and theoretical aspects of discrete vector bundles over simplicial complexes. Here the main focus is on discrete hermitian line bundles which, in recent years, found a number of remarkable applications in computer graphics. Two of these applications are part of this thesis: The computation of optimal n-direction fields on surfaces (Chapter 1) and the computation of stripe patterns on surfaces (Chapter 2). The developed algorithms yield, in comparison with state-of-the-art methods, results of same quality but are an order of magnitude faster. In the last chapter, motivated by their applications, discrete vector bundles are investigated from the viewpoint of discrete differential geometry (Chapter 3). This includes a complete classification of discrete vector bundles with connection and the classification of discrete hermitian line bundles with curvature. Moreover, to each discrete hermitian line bundle with curvature we assign a unique piecewise-smooth hermitian line bundle with connection. This leads to a generalization of the well-known cotangent-Laplace operator to arbitrary discrete hermitian line bundles with curvature over finite Euclidean simplicial complexes.
Incidence, Severity and Reversibility of Acute Kidney Injury after Elective Hip and Knee Arthroplasty in Patients Receiving Celecoxib Perioperatively as One of the Standard Multimodal Analgesic Protocols

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) may complicate up to 10% of primary lower-extremity total joint arthroplasties. However, none of these previous studies evaluated the duration and reversibility of AKI. Moreover, none specifically evaluated the impact of perioperative celecoxib on the incidence and severity of AKI, especially for patients with preexisting renal impairment. This study was to retrospectively review the incidence, severity and duration of AKI with short term perioperative celecoxib. We also aimed to evaluate the impact of perioperative celecoxib on the incidence and severity of AKI in patients with and without preexisting renal impairment. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1077 patients at Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, from January 2018 to December 2021. Data were retrieved from the computerized medical records system. Results: One hundred of 1077 patients (9.3%) had postoperative AKI. Eight hundred eighty-eight patients (82.5%) were prescribed perioperative celecoxib, while 189 patients (17.5%) were not. The overall incidence of AKI in those taking perioperative celecoxib was 9.2%, while it was 9.5% in those not taking perioperative celecoxib. There was no statistically significant difference. There was no association between perioperative celecoxib and postoperative AKI. Among those who received perioperative celecoxib, the overall incidence of postoperative AKI in those with and without preexisting renal impairment (normal renal function test) was 9.3% and 9.2%, respectively. This was not statistically significant. The duration of AKI was 4 days for both groups. In both groups, most AKI cases were stage 1. Conclusions: Short term perioperative celecoxib probably had no additional AKI risk even in patients with preexisting renal impairment.
A new deep Q-learning method with dynamic epsilon adjustment and path planner assisted techniques for Turtlebot mobile robot

Deep Q-learning (DQL) method has been proven a great success in autonomous mobile robots. However, the routine of DQL can often yield improper agent behavior (multiple circling-in-place actions) that comes with long training episodes until convergence. To address such problem, this project develops novel techniques that improve DQL training in both simulations and physical experiments. Specifically, the Dynamic Epsilon Adjustment method is integrated to reduce the frequency of non-ideal agent behaviors and therefore improve the control performance (i.e., goal rate). A Dynamic Window Approach (DWA) global path planner is designed in the physical training process so that the agent can reach more goals with less collision within a fixed amount of episodes. The GMapping Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) method is also applied to provide a SLAM map to the path planner. The experiment results demonstrate that our developed approach can significantly improve the training performance in both simulation and physical training environment.
Virtual CSU-CHILL Radar: The VCHILL

Abstract The Virtual CHILL (VCHILL) system makes it possible to transfer the educational and research experience of the Colorado State University dual polarization radar to remote locations over the Internet. The VCHILL operation includes remote control of radar and display of radar images, as well as the ability to locally process high-bandwidth radar data transferred over data networks. The low-bandwidth VCHILL operation allows the distant users to access the archived and real-time data estimated at the radar site and simultaneously display them on their local systems. A parallel receiver was developed exclusively for the high-bandwidth VCHILL. End-system architectures were designed to accommodate the demands of the high-bandwidth VCHILL operations in real time. A graphic user interface was also developed with the objective of easy installation and usage at various end-user institutions. The VCHILL not only expands the education experience provided by the radar system, but also stimulates the developmen.
The behavior of a magnetized plasma under the action of laser with high pulse energy

Simple magnetic traps, such as a cusp and field-reversed configuration are considered for application in high density regime. Magneto-inertial fusion with laser compression of magnetized spherical target and features of laser driven magneto-inertial fusion (LDMIF) are presented. A new fusion scheme which can avoid some of the major difficulties faced in the present approaches in magnetic and inertial confinement fusion is shown. Different schemes of magnetized discharges for LDMIF are discussed. Contributions (fusion power, charged particles and neutrons deposition, thermal conduction, radiation and mechanical work) to a power balance of compressed plasma target are calculated. PACS: 52.55. Lf, 52.25. Xz (52.38.Fz, 52.25.Kn)
Optimal Shortcuts to Adiabatic Control by Lagrange Mechanics

We combined an inverse engineering technique based on Lagrange mechanics and optimal control theory to design an optimal trajectory that can transport a cartpole in a fast and stable way. For classical control, we used the relative displacement between the ball and the trolley as the controller to study the anharmonic effect of the cartpole. Under this constraint, we used the time minimization principle in optimal control theory to find the optimal trajectory, and the solution of time minimization is the bang-bang form, which ensures that the pendulum is in a vertical upward position at the initial and the final moments and oscillates in a small angle range.
Generation Mechanisms of Convectively Forced Internal Gravity Waves and Their Propagation to the Stratosphere

Abstract Characteristics of gravity waves induced by mesoscale convective storms and the gravity wave sources are investigated using a two-dimensional cloud-resolving numerical model. In a nonlinear moist (control) simulation, the convective system reaches a quasi-steady state after 4 h in which convective cells are periodically regenerated from a gust front updraft. In the convective storms, there are two types of wave forcing: nonlinear forcing in the form of the divergences of momentum and heat flux, and diabatic forcing. The magnitude of the nonlinear source is 2 to 3 times larger than the diabatic source, especially in the upper troposphere. Three quasi-linear dry simulations forced by the wave sources obtained from the control (CTL) simulation are performed to investigate characteristics of gravity waves induced by the various wave source mechanisms. In the three dry simulations, the magnitudes of the perturbations produced in the stratosphere are comparable, yet much larger than those in the CTL si.
A Predictive Model for Assessing Satisfaction with Online Learning for Higher Education Students During and After COVID-19 Using Data Mining and Machine Learning Techniques: A Case of Jordanian Institutions

Higher education institutions confronted an escalating unexpected pressure to rapidly transform throughout and after the COVID-19 pandemic, by replacing most of the traditional teaching practices with online-based education. Such transformation required institutions to frequently strive for qualities that meet conceptual requirements of traditional education due to its agility and flexibility. The challenge of such electronic learning styles remains in their potential of bringing out many challenges, along with the advantages it has brought to the educational systems and students alike. This research came to shed the light on several factors presented as a predictive model and proposed to contribute to the success or failure in terms of students' satisfaction with online learning. The study took the kingdom of Jordan as a case example country experiencing online education while and after the covid -19 intensive implementation. The study used a dataset collected from a sample of over "300” students using online questionnaires. The questionnaire included "25” attributes mined into the Knime analytics platform. The data was rigorously learned and evaluated by both the "Decision Tree” and "Naive Bayes” algorithms. Subsequently, results revealed that the decision tree classifier outperformed the naïve bayes in the prediction of student satisfaction, additionally, the existence of the sense of community while learning electronically among other reasons had the most contribution to the satisfaction. Copyright © 2023 by SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
A Constrained Energy Minimization Method in Sub-pixel Target Detection Based on Minimization Noise Fraction

This paper presents a constrained energy minimization method of sub-pixel target detection for hyper-spectral imageries based on minimum noise fraction (MNF-CEM). In this method,minimum noise fraction (MNF) reduces the dimension of the hyper-spectral imageries and separates the noise from the hyper-spectral imageries. Then constrained energy minimization method (CEM) is used to detect the sub-pixel targets in the imageries of low dimension to void the computations of ill-conditional matrix inverse and virtual dimension of the hyper-spectral imageries. Experiments show that this method can restrain the influence of noise and is an effective method of sub-pixel target detection for hyper-spectral imageries.
A revised version of the program VEC (visual computing in electron crystallography)

The program package VEC (Visual computing in Electron Crystallography) has been revised such that (i) a program converting one-line symbols to two-line symbols of (3 + 1)-dimensional superspace groups has been incorporated into VEC so that the latter can interpret both kinds of symbols; (ii) a bug in calculating structure factors of one-dimensionally incommensurate modulated crystals has been fixed. The correction has been verified by successfully matching the experimental electron microscopy image of an incommensurate crystal with a series of simulated images. The precompiled revised version of VEC and relevant materials are available on the Web at http://cryst.iphy. ac.cn.