Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Eolian dust as a factor in soil development on the Pajarito Plateau, Los Alamos area, northern New Mexico

-Soils atop the Pajarito Plateau in northern New Mexico are variable with respect to degree of develop ment and profile characteristics. This study focuses on the impact of eolian dust in the development of a clay-rich soil on the Bandelier Tuff. A constitutive mass-balance (CMB) model was used to assess the impact of dust accu mulation. To identify an immobile constituent for use as a strain indicator, isoconcentration (isocon) plots were constructed for each illuvial B horizon and for the subjacent R horizon. The isocon plots suggest that Zr andAI are immobile in the solum. These constituents are, however, likely to be present in dust and so, if dust is a factor, are not immobile. The overall compositional similarity of the parent Bandelier Tuff to the continental crust makes it difficult to identify admixed dusts via the isocon method. To resolve this problem, Gresens-type equations (two component mixing models) for a pair of constituents thought to be refractory with respect to chemical weathering, viz., Ti and Zr, were simultaneously solved for the dust fraction present in the illuvial Band R horizons. Composi tional data for a post-Archean shale composite were assumed to represent eolian dust. Calculated dust fractions are consistent with the results of particle-size distribution analyses and decline with depth in the study soil. The calcu lated dust fractions permit correction of the measured Zr level and use of Zr as a strain indicator. The dust-corrected CMB model indicates that dust incorporation is a major component of soil development on the Pajarito Plateau and that Si and alkali removals are more closely balanced and Al, Fe, Ti, Zr, Ca, Sr and Ba are more enriched by eolian addition than indicated by the uncorrected CMB model. The modeling exercise shows that the study soil is not the result of processes associated with production of spodic horizons. Moreover, soil-forming processes at this loca tion seem to reflect the long-term effects of semi-arid to sub-humid climates.
The Bethe-ansatz for N = 4 super Yang-Mills

We derive the one loop mixing matrix for anomalous dimensions in N=4 Super Yang-Mills. We show that this matrix can be identified with the Hamiltonian of an integrable SO(6) spin chain with vector sites. We then use the Bethe ansatz to find a recipe for computing anomalous dimensions for a wide range of operators. We give exact results for BMN operators with two impurities and results up to and including first order 1/J corrections for BMN operators with many impurities. We then use a result of Reshetikhin's to find the exact one-loop anomalous dimension for an SO(6) singlet in the limit of large bare dimension. We also show that this last anomalous dimension is proportional to the square root of the string level in the weak coupling limit.
Dirac quasinormal modes of Schwarzschild black hole

We investigate the Dirac quasinormal modes (QNMs) of a Schwarzschild black hole using continued fraction and Hill-determinant approaches. For large angular quantum number, we find that the fundamental quasinormal frequencies become evenly spaced and the spacing is given by ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}+1}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}=0.38490\ensuremath{-}0.00000i$, where $\ensuremath{\lambda}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}(l+1/2)$ ($l$ is the angular quantum number). We show that the angular quantum number has a surprising effect of increasing real part but almost does not affect imaginary part of the quasinormal frequencies, especially for the lowest lying mode. We also find that the spacing for imaginary part of the quasinormal frequencies at high overtones is equidistant and equals to $\ensuremath{-}i/4M$, as it takes place for scalar, electromagnetic and gravitational perturbations.
Foreign direct investment and economic growth in Tanzania

Tanzania has continued to experience an unprecedented increase in foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows for the past three decades. Using a vector error correction model (VECM) on data on Tanzania for the 1980–2020 period, we find the bi-causality between economic growth and FDI net inflows in the short and long run. The results imply that in Tanzania, FDI is associated with an increase in income; at the same time, economic growth leads to FDI eventually and stirs movements in FDI. We advocate for developing the local productive capacity and providing incentives to foreign firms so that they may provide positive spill overs to other sectors
Measuring diffuse neutrino fluxes with IceCube

In this paper the sensitivity of a future kilometre-sized neutrino detector to detect and measure the diffuse flux of high energy neutrinos is evaluated. Event rates in established detection channels, such as muon events from charged current νμ interactions or cascade events from νe and ντ interaction, are calculated using a detailed Monte Carlo simulation. Neutrino fluxes as expected from prompt charm decay in the atmosphere or from astrophysical sources such as Active Galactic Nuclei are modelled assuming power laws. The ability to measure the normalization and slope of these spectra is then analysed. It is found that the cascade channel generally has a high sensitivity for the detection and characterization of the diffuse flux, when compared to what is expected for the upgoing- and downgoing-muon channels. A flux at the level of the Waxman–Bahcall upper bound should be detectable in all channels separately while a combination of the information of the different channels will allow detection of a flux more than one order of magnitude lower. Neutrinos from the prompt decay of charmed mesons in the atmosphere should be detectable in future measurements for all but the lowest predictions.
Time-dependent electron localization function

We present a generalization of the electron localization function (ELF) that can be used to analyze time-dependent processes. The time-dependent ELF allows the time-resolved observation of the formation, the modulation, and the breaking of chemical bonds, and can thus provide a visual understanding of complex reactions involving the dynamics of excited electrons. We illustrate the usefulness of the time-dependent ELF by two examples: the {pi}-{pi}* transition induced by a laser field, and the destruction of bonds and formation of lone pairs in a scattering process.
Inhibition of Cell Adhesion and Actin Localization During Migration Upon Protective Antigen Mutant Ligand Binding to the Capillary Morphogenesis Gene 2

Inhibition of Cell Adhesion and Actin Localization During Migration Upon Protective Antigen Mutant Ligand Binding to the Capillary Morphogenesis Gene 2 Sai Lun Lee Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BYU Master of Science Capillary Morphogenesis Gene 2 protein (CMG2) is a type 1 transmembrane receptor known as the anthrax toxin receptor 2 (ANTXR2). While it is documented that the cell surface receptor CMG2 mediates anthrax toxin entry into the cell via endocytosis, the physiological role of CMG2 is not well understood. Others have suggested that CMG2 may have a role in mediating ECM homeostasis and angiogenesis. Additionally, both anthrax protective antigen (PA) and a furin protease-resistant mutant, PASSSR, inhibit corneal neovascularization in a mouse model, and interestingly PASSSR has a greater affinity to CMG2 receptor. PASSSRalso has a more potent antiangiogenic effect than wildtype PA. However, a mechanism for PASSSR inhibition of the putative CMG2 role in angiogenesis is not yet elucidated. The experimental results in this thesis provide evidence that CMG2 is the key receptor for regulating adhesion, migration, and actin dynamics in cells, and 200-pM PASSSR inhibits cell adhesion, migration, and actin localization at the cell leading edge. Furthermore, we observed that PASSSR remains bound to CMG2 under acidic conditions similar to the lysosome (pH 4). This observation suggests that the PASSSR-CMG2 complex remains intact following internalization and traffic to lysosomes, different from previous reports for PA, which likely results in CMG2 recycling. Together, these results suggest that following PASSSR treatment, CMG2 traffics to the lysosome for degradation; hence, we predict fewer CMG2 receptors are available at the cell surface to function in their native role in signaling angiogenic processes such as adhesion and chemotaxis towards vascular growth factors.
Title 1 2 Locally confined IFN production by CD 4 + T cells provides niches for murine cytomegalovirus 3 replication in the salivary gland

35 36 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has evolved a unique virus-host relationship in the salivary glands (SGs) 37 to sustain prolonged viral replication and hence chances for horizontal transmission. Previous 38 reports have established a decisive role for IFN producing CD4+ T cells to control murine CMV 39 (MCMV) infection in the SGs; however, micro-anatomical information regarding their mode of 40 action is largely missing. Here, we provide a spatiotemporal analysis of defined antiviral immune 41 actions that eventually culminate in control of lytic MCMV replication in this preferred mucosal 42 niche. CXCR3-mediated guidance of CD4+ T cells towards CXCL9 and CXCL10 expressing cells 43 resulted in discrete clusters close to infection foci where they reported TCR engagement and 44 produced IFN . Of note, these clusters occasionally contained CD11c+ antigen-presenting cells 45 with engulfed virus-associated remnants, most likely apoptotic bodies derived from previously 46 infected cells, enabling antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells. The induced IFN production within 47 these CD4+ T cell accumulations triggered IFN R signaling in a confined perimeter, thereby 48 inducing local, but not organ-wide protection, and allowing MCMV replication to continue at not 49 yet protected sites. Combining experimental data with a mathematical model of the spatiotemporal 50 dynamics of infection and CD4+ T cell dynamics revealed a scenario, in which ultimate MCMV 51 control is achieved through accumulating sites of regionally-confined tissue protection. 52 53
Study of Viability, Storage Stability, and Shelf Life of Probiotic Instant Coffee Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Subsp. plantarum Dad-13 in Vacuum and Nonvacuum Packaging at Different Storage Temperatures

Probiotic coffee is an alternative to processed coffee that is preferred and can improve the balance of intestinal microflora so that it has a positive impact on health. Cell viability of probiotics may decrease during storage. Factors that can affect viability during storage are storage temperature, packaging, oxygen, and water activity. This study is aimed at evaluating the viability, storage stability, and shelf life of the probiotic instant coffee Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum Dad-13 in vacuum and nonvacuum aluminium foil packaging and different storage temperatures. This study used a complete randomised design with three replicates of treatments. They were packaged using 90 μm thick aluminium foil in a vacuum and nonvacuum and stored at 4°C and 30°C for 50 days and 37°C for 15 days. Based on the literature, a temperature of 4°C can maintain the viability of probiotics for more than one month, the temperature commonly used to store dry products is room temperature (30°C), so longer storage (50 days) is tried. Meanwhile, to accelerate the prediction of quality degradation, extreme temperatures were used based on the literature that the viability of probiotics decreased drastically after being stored at 37°C for 7 days, then tried for longer storage (15 days). The evaluation of product was carried by sensory testing by comparing commercial instant coffee. The product has been tested for cell viability, water activity, and shelf life. The result showed that the colour attribute was significantly different for all formulations. The bitterness of probiotic instant coffee differed significantly from other formulations. The commercial instant coffee was preferred by panellist in terms of colour and bitterness. The aroma, sweetness, and overall attributes of all formulations were not significantly different. The cell viability in vacuum was higher than nonvacuum treatment, and it was higher in 4°C. However, cell viability for all treatments and during storage was still above 107 log CFU/g. Water activity in probiotic instant coffee with vacuum packaging is lower than in nonvacuum and stored at 4°C lower than in other temperatures. However, all treatments were still below 0.60. The shelf life of products reaches two years when they are stored in vacuum packaging at 4°C while a temperature of 30°C reaches 3 months. So, the panellists accepted probiotic instant coffee, vacuum packaging, and low temperature could maintain viability, stability, and longer shelf life.
Evaluation of an O 2-Substituted (1–3)- β -D-Glucan, Produced by Pediococcus parvulus 2.6, in ex vivo Models of Crohn’s Disease

Evaluation of an O2-Substituted (1–3)- β -D-Glucan, Produced by Pediococcus parvulus 2.6, in ex vivo Models of Crohn’s Disease. 1,3- β -glucans are extracellular polysaccharides synthesized by microorganisms and plants, with therapeutic potential. Among them, the O 2-substituted-(1–3)- β -D-glucan, synthesized by some lactic acid bacteria (LAB), has a prebiotic effect on probiotic strains, an immunomodulatory effect on monocyte-derived macrophages, and potentiates the ability of the producer strain to adhere to Caco-2 cells differentiated to enterocytes. In this work, the O 2-substituted-(1–3)- β -D-glucan polymers produced by GTF glycoyltransferase in the natural host Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 and in the recombinant strain Lactococcus lactis NZ9000[pNGTF] were tested. Their immunomodulatory activity was investigated in an ex vivo model using human biopsies from patients affected by Crohn’s disease (CD). Both polymers had an anti-inflammatory effect including, a reduction of Interleukine 8 both at the level of its gene expression and its secreted levels. The overall data indicate that the O 2-substituted-(1–3)- β -D-glucan have a potential role in ameliorating inflammation via the gut immune system cell modulation.
Using APOGEE Wide Binaries to Test Chemical Tagging with Dwarf Stars

Stars of a common origin are thought to have similar, if not nearly identical, chemistry. Chemical tagging seeks to exploit this fact to identify Milky Way subpopulations through their unique chemical fingerprints. In this work, we compare the chemical abundances of dwarf stars in wide binaries to test the abundance consistency of stars of a common origin. Our sample of 31 wide binaries is identified from a catalog produced by cross-matching Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment spectroscopic survey (APOGEE) stars with UCAC5 astrometry, and we confirm the fidelity of this sample with precision parallaxes from Gaia DR2. For as many as 14 separate elements, we compare the abundances between components of our wide binaries, finding they have very similar chemistry (typically within 0.1 dex). This level of consistency is more similar than can be expected from stars with different origins (which show typical abundance differences of 0.3–0.4 dex within our sample). For the best-measured elements, Fe, Si, K, Ca, Mn, and Ni, these differences are reduced to 0.05–0.08 dex when selecting pairs of dwarf stars with similar temperatures. Our results suggest that APOGEE dwarf stars may currently be used for chemical tagging at the level of ∼0.1 dex or at the level of ∼0.05 dex when restricting for the best-measured elements in stars of similar temperatures. Larger wide binary catalogs may provide calibration sets, in complement to open cluster samples, for ongoing spectroscopic surveys.
Sound propagation in shallow water: A detailed description of the acoustic field close to surface and bottom

Experimental data are compared with normal‐mode predictions for an isovelocity shallow‐water propagation channel overlying a complicated layered bottom. Measurements were made close to both the sea surface and the sea floor with a vertical hydrophone spacing of 1 m. Excellent agreement between theory and experiment is obtained over the frequency range 50–3200 Hz and for ranges up to 30 km. Some problems associated with deterministic modeling are also discussed and appropriate solutions are indicated.
Order parameter symmetry in ferromagnetic superconductors

We analyze the symmetry and nodal structure of the superconducting order parameter in a cubic ferromagnet, such as ZrZn 2 . We demonstrate how the order parameter symmetry evolves when the electromagnetic interaction of the conduction electrons with the internal magnetic induction and the spin-orbit coupling are taken into account. These interactions break the cubic symmetry and lift the degeneracy of the order parameter. It is shown that the order parameter which appears immediately below the critical temperature has two components, and its symmetry is described by corepresentations of the magnetic point groups. This allows us to make predictions about the location of the gap nodes.
High-efficiency monochrome organic light emitting diodes employing enhanced microcavities

We demonstrate enhanced light outcoupling from bottom emitting monochrome high-efficiency red, green, and blue organic light emitting diodes by adding silver layers on the indium tin oxide (ITO) anode. The devices contain the phosphorescent emitting dyes tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium and iridium(III)bis[2-methyldibenzo-(f, h)quinoxaline](acetylacetonate), and the blue singlet emitter 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis 2,2-(diphenylvinyl)spiro-9,9′-bifluorene. We follow the p-i-n doping concept to increase the power efficiencies. We reach 81 lm/W for red, 101 lm/W for green, and 4.0 lm/W for blue color. These efficiencies are improved by up to a factor of 2.3 compared to standard ITO devices, which we attribute to microcavity amplification between the cathode and the Ag layer.
Effects of rising temperature and prescribed fire on Amblyomma Americanum with ehrlichiosis

Ehrlichiosis is a nationally notifiable disease in the United States and the prevalence of this disease, as with other tick-borne diseases, has been increasing since at least the year 2000. One aspect that has likely contributed to the increase in the prevalence of this disease is rising temperatures due to climate change. A promising method for control of tick populations is prescribed burning. In this study we develop a detailed mathematical model of ordinary differential equations to investigate the effect of rising temperatures on Amblyomma americanum populations in endemic and invasion scenarios. We used an impulsive system of ordinary differential equations to investigate the effects of prescribed burning on infectious ticks to determine if prescribed fire remains effective as temperatures increase under endemic and invasion scenarios. We found the following in the absence of prescribed burning: (1) as temperature increases, there are significant increases in the number of infectious questing nymphs and adults. (2) Ehrlichiosis becomes established in the questing nymph and adult tick populations quicker in an invasion scenario as temperature increases. In the presence of prescribed burning, we observed a reduction in the prevalence of infectious questing nymphs and adults. These results with prescribed burning hold regardless of increases in temperature, indicating that that prescribed burning remains an effective control method for Amblyomma americanum even in the case of a significant increase in temperature such as 2 0C and 4 0C.
Viable aerosolized Mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputum-positive and sputum-negative TB patients: Treatment effect and secular trends

Rationale: Knowledge of the potential for aerosol release of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) during disease, treatment, recovery, and asymptomatic carriage is fundamental to understanding tuberculosis (TB) transmission. Objectives: To quantify viable aerosolized Mtb from TB clinic attendees. Methods: 102 presumptive TB patients from two informal settlements in Cape Town, South Africa, were classified by laboratory, radiological, and clinical features into three mutually exclusive groups: A. Sputum GeneXpert-positive TB (n=52), B. Sputum GeneXpert-negative TB (n=20), and C. TB not diagnosed (n=30). A respiratory aerosol sampling chamber was used to collect exhaled Mtb organisms over a 15-minute period at baseline, and at 2-months and 6-months post initial presentation. Viable bacilli were enumerated based on incorporation of the fluorescent probe, DMN-trehalose. Measures and Main Results: Mtb was isolated from 92%, 90% and 93% at baseline; 87%, 74%, 71% at 2 weeks; 53%, 47% and 46% at 2 months; and 32%, 25%, 22% at 6-months for groups A, B, and C, respectively. Median Mtb counts (ranges) reduced from baseline to 6 months from 10(1-38), 5(1-31), and 9(1-38) to 3(1-28), 4(3-18), and 2(1-14) for groups A, B, and C, respectively. TB symptoms resolved in all 3 groups. Conclusions: Aerosolized Mtb was isolated from almost all TB patients at baseline and reduced during treatment. Small numbers of viable organisms remained in almost a fifth of patients completing 6-months treatment. Aerosolized Mtb may be a useful metric for modifying standard TB therapy. Aerosolized Mtb in group C may reflect exacerbation of an existing infection or transient Mtb infection not reaching a clinical threshold for TB diagnosis, consistent with recent models proposing cyclic subclinical disease states.
The Efficiency of Reducing COD and Turbidity of Tofu Wastewater using A Combination of Electrocoagulation and Ozone

We present an investigation of tofu wastewater that contains organic substances that can cause rapid microbial growth in the water. It can lead to a decrease in oxygen levels. In addition, tofu wastewater also contains suspended substances that cause turbidity. This study aims to evaluate changes in pH, temperature, and efficiency of reducing turbidity & chemical oxygen demand (COD) of tofu wastewater using a combination of electrocoagulation and ozone. This research method was carried out on a laboratory scale using tofu wastewater. The ozone generator is used for ozonising tofu wastewater and an acrylic batch type electrochemical reactor. The electrode material used for the anode and cathode is made of aluminum and iron sheets. There were also differences in the highest turbidity removal of 78.3% at the 60 th min when the wastewater was treated using a combination of electrocoagulation followed by ozone. The highest COD removal of 51.9% resulted from the treatment of tofu wastewater using ozone for 60 min. The initial temperature was 27.6°C then increased by 28.1°C (1.8%). Combination of electrocoagulation followed by ozone was more effective in reducing pollutants in tofu wastewater.
General compensation control method of flexible manipulator driven by tendon-sheath mechanism

Flexible manipulator has been widely used because of its flexibility. In addition, the tendon-sheath mechanism has the advantages of compact structure and strong flexibility, and it can be used as the driving transmission mode of the flexible manipulator. However, the nonlinear and hysteretic characteristics of the tendon-sheath mechanism directly affect the motion accuracy of the manipulator. Firstly, the kinematic and static models of the flexible manipulator are analyzed considering the influence of multi section coupling. In addition, the mechanical transmission process of the tendon-sheath mechanism is analyzed. On this basis, a general feedforward compensation method for the flexible manipulator is established. The proposed model-based compensation control method can be applied to all flexible manipulators, and it is of great significance to promote the practical application of the manipulator.