Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploration on microbial load and nutrient source in coal-bed methane produced water

ABSTRACT Coalbedmethane (CBM) is a significant unconventional natural gas source on earth and has been extracted commercially. Numerous environmental questions flank the commercial CBM expansion. This study examined to explore microbial population in produced water of CBM growth in Jharkhand, India. Additionally, the current study focused on understanding the water as an indigenous microbial habitat on biological facts and nutrient accessibility and utilization of produced water and microbes therein. The results suggest the existence of numerous microbial communities (bacteria, archaea, actinomycetes, and fungi) in water, which may add from coal deposit. The isolate was related to Methanobacterium sp. , a methanogenic archaebacteria. The study proposed that laboratory-based supplements enhance native microbial growth. Ni, Zn, Cu, Mn, B, Fe, and Se are detected in produced water, and the overall data suggest that nutrients in water may encourage native microbial growth. Therefore, the described work expands our understanding on microbial life in deep-underground in context to geomicrobiology of that region. Furthermore, it offers insight into the utilization of produced water and the abundance of indigenous microbial assemblage may aid in the biotransformation of organic material. Future research is needed to examine the diversity of microbes in water and to identify cost-effective alternatives to chemically defined medium.
The Role of Influential Actors in Fostering the Polarized COVID-19 Vaccine Discourse on Twitter: Mixed Methods of Machine Learning and Inductive Coding

Background Since COVID-19 vaccines became broadly available to the adult population, sharp divergences in uptake have emerged along partisan lines. Researchers have indicated a polarized social media presence contributing to the spread of mis- or disinformation as being responsible for these growing partisan gaps in uptake. Objective The major aim of this study was to investigate the role of influential actors in the context of the community structures and discourse related to COVID-19 vaccine conversations on Twitter that emerged prior to the vaccine rollout to the general population and discuss implications for vaccine promotion and policy. Methods We collected tweets on COVID-19 between July 1, 2020, and July 31, 2020, a time when attitudes toward the vaccines were forming but before the vaccines were widely available to the public. Using network analysis, we identified different naturally emerging Twitter communities based on their internal information sharing. A PageRank algorithm was used to quantitively measure the level of “influentialness” of Twitter accounts and identifying the “influencers,” followed by coding them into different actor categories. Inductive coding was conducted to describe discourses shared in each of the 7 communities. Results Twitter vaccine conversations were highly polarized, with different actors occupying separate “clusters. ” The antivaccine cluster was the most densely connected group. Among the 100 most influential actors, medical experts were outnumbered both by partisan actors and by activist vaccine skeptics or conspiracy theorists. Scientists and medical actors were largely absent from the conservative network, and antivaccine sentiment was especially salient among actors on the political right. Conversations related to COVID-19 vaccines were highly polarized along partisan lines, with “trust” in vaccines being manipulated to the political advantage of partisan actors. Conclusions These findings are informative for designing improved vaccine information communication strategies to be delivered on social media especially by incorporating influential actors. Although polarization and echo chamber effect are not new in political conversations in social media, it was concerning to observe these in health conversations on COVID-19 vaccines during the vaccine development process.
Event-based optimization of service rate control in retrial queues

Abstract This paper deals with the problem of service rate control for a retrial queue where the controller can observe only the number of total customers in the system. Service rates are adjustable based on the partial information (the arrival or departure event) instead of the perfect system state (customer distribution among orbit and server). The goal is to find the optimal service rates that minimize the long-run average cost. This problem is formulated as an event-based optimization instead of a state-based optimization. Using the sensitivity-based optimization theory, we obtain interesting structures of the optimal service rate control policy, which show that the optimal policy is a bang-bang control and even has a threshold form under some mild conditions. The necessary and sufficient condition of optimal policies is also derived. Furthermore, by the difference formula of the system performances under any two policies, we develop a policy iteration-type algorithm to find the optimal policy for the case with general cost functions. With different initial values of service rates, our algorithm is demonstrated to efficiently find the optimal service rates. Moreover, we study the difference of system performances from the corresponding state-based optimization by numerical experiments, which indicates the managerial insights about the value of information for decision-makers.
Solvatochromism and ZINDO-IEFPCM solvation study on NHS ester activated AF514 and AF532 dyes: Evaluation of the dipole moments

In this study, the solvatochromic effect on the photophysical properties of Alexa Fluor 514 (AF514) and Alexa Fluor 532 (AF532) fluorescent dyes is examined experimentally and computationally. To explore the solvatochromism and dipole moments, the steady-state absorption and fluorescence spectra of the dyes were measured in a series of organic solvents. Various solvent correlation models, like Bilot-Kawski, Lippert-Mataga, Bakhshiev, Kawski-Chamma-Viallet, and Reichardt microscopic solvent polarity parameters, were adapted to determine the dipole moments in their ground and excited states. For the computational investigation, the ground and excited-state geometries are optimized using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), respectively, in vacuum. Furthermore, semiempirical ZINDO with the IEF-PCM model is used to evaluate the absorption transition energies of these dyes, which are comparatively studied in various solvent polarity along with experimental data. Additionally, the highest occupied molecular orbital energies (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies (LUMO), chemical softness, chemical hardness, energy gap, chemical potential, electronegativity, and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) were estimated using DFT calculations at the CAM-B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level, in gas phase. The experimental and computational results reveal that the singlet excited state dipole moment is greater than that of the ground state for the molecules considered. The angle between ground- and singlet excited-state dipole moments are found to be 0.50 and 0.49° making them almost parallel to each other. The natural bond orbital analysis (NBO) has been employed to investigate the stability of the molecule, inter- and intra-hyper-conjugative interactions and charge delocalization within the molecule.
Compact low-loss microstrip diplexer for RF energy harvesting

A compact low-loss microstrip diplexer that forms by two band-stop filters using interdigital capacitor and a stepped-impedance resonator structure when joined by a miniature T-junction is introduced. The diplexer operates at global system for mobile communication frequency 1800 MHz and 2.45 GHz WLAN frequency which are the most available frequency bands for RF energy harvesting applications. Simulated and measured results are in very good agreement with low insertion loss of 0.4 dB and high selectivity characteristics.
A Guide to Detecting and Modeling Local Dependence in Latent Class Analysis Models

Abstract Latent class analysis (LCA) assigns individuals to mutually exclusive classes based on response patterns to a set of indicators. A primary assumption made is local independence, which suggests class indicators are uncorrelated within each class. When the indicators are correlated and unmodeled, parameter estimates can be severely biased. We provide a comprehensive resource for applied researchers to statistically detect local independence violations and model identified correlated residuals. We explain the local independence assumption and illustrate how to detect and model conditional dependence using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian estimation. For ML, we discuss two detection methods (bivariate residual associations, and the modification index) and one modeling technique (LCA residual associations model). We also demonstrate how to use the restrictive prior strategy to detect and model conditional dependence when using Bayesian estimation. These techniques are illustrated with simulated datasets; code is provided in the online supplemental materials.
Enhanced Survival of High-Risk Medulloblastoma-Bearing Mice after Multimodal Treatment with Radiotherapy, Decitabine, and Abacavir

Children with high-risk SHH/TP53-mut and Group 3 medulloblastoma (MB) have a 5-year overall survival of only 40%. Innovative approaches to enhance survival while preventing adverse effects are urgently needed. We investigated an innovative therapy approach combining irradiation (RT), decitabine (DEC), and abacavir (ABC) in a patient-derived orthotopic SHH/TP53-mut and Group 3 MB mouse model. MB-bearing mice were treated with DEC, ABC and RT. Mouse survival, tumor growth (BLI, MRT) tumor histology (H/E), proliferation (Ki-67), and endothelial (CD31) staining were analyzed. Gene expression was examined by microarray and RT-PCR (Ki-67, VEGF, CD31, CD15, CD133, nestin, CD68, IBA). The RT/DEC/ABC therapy inhibited tumor growth and enhanced mouse survival. Ki-67 decreased in SHH/TP53-mut MBs after RT, DEC, RT/ABC, and RT/DEC/ABC therapy. CD31 was higher in SHH/TP53-mut compared to Group 3 MBs and decreased after RT/DEC/ABC. Microarray analyses showed a therapy-induced downregulation of cell cycle genes. By RT-PCR, no therapy-induced effect on stem cell fraction or immune cell invasion/activation could be shown. We showed for the first time that RT/DEC/ABC therapy improves survival of orthotopic SHH/TP53-mut and Group 3 MB-bearing mice without inducing adverse effects suggesting the potential for an adjuvant application of this multimodal therapy approach in the human clinic.
TAT for TIT – Technology augmented teaching for traditionally inclined teaching

One of the important by‐products of the coronavirus d isease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, ravages notwithstanding, is online teaching. For many of us, teaching oral pathology online was not only challenging, but also made us explore new and innovative teaching/learning (T/L) methods. For those of us who were not technophiles, it was strenuous initially, but later one had to adapt to the new digital reality.
Effect of Motility Factors D-Penicillamine, Hypotaurine and Epinephrine on the Performance of Spermatozoa from Five Hamster Species

Simple Summary Analysis of sperm performance under in vitro conditions provides a good indication of fertilizing potential. Parameters such as motility, swimming kinetics, acrosome integrity, or ATP content are thus examined in efforts to characterize such potential. Hamster species are a good model to study sperm parameters that are key determinants of fertilizing capacity because these species are at the higher end of the diversity of mammalian sperm morphology and performance. In vitro functional studies demand that sperm remain viable during a long period of time under conditions that resemble those in the female tract. Sperm from certain species require supplementation of the incubation medium with factors that stimulate viability and swimming, or that promote acquisition of fertilizing capacity. Molecules important for sperm performance in hamsters have been identified, namely D-penicillamine, hypotaurine and epinephrine (PHE). In the present study, we investigated the effect of PHE on spermatozoa from five hamster species incubated for up to 4 h. Our results revealed that PHE maintains sperm performance in the golden hamster, whereas it improves sperm quality in the Chinese hamster. In contrast, it does not seem to have any effect on sperm from the Siberian (Djungarian), Roborovski and Campbell’s dwarf hamsters. These results are valuable to understand the different regulatory mechanisms of sperm motility and survival in different species. Abstract Assessments of sperm performance are valuable tools for the analysis of sperm fertilizing potential and to understand determinants of male fertility. Hamster species constitute important animal models because they produce sperm cells in high quantities and of high quality. Sexual selection over evolutionary time in these species seems to have resulted in the largest mammalian spermatozoa, and high swimming and bioenergetic performances. Earlier studies showed that golden hamster sperm requires motility factors such as D-penicillamine, hypotaurine and epinephrine (PHE) to sustain survival over time, but it is unknown how they affect swimming kinetics or ATP levels and if other hamster species also require them. The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of PHE on spermatozoa of five hamster species (Mesocricetus auratus, Cricetulus griseus, Phodopus campbelli, P. sungorus, P. roborovskii). In sperm incubated for up to 4 h without or with PHE, we assessed motility, viability, acrosome integrity, sperm velocity and trajectory, and ATP content. The results showed differences in the effect of PHE among species. They had a significant positive effect on the maintenance of sperm quality in M. auratus and C. griseus, whereas there was no consistent effect on spermatozoa of the Phodopus species. Differences between species may be the result of varying underlying regulatory mechanisms of sperm performance and may be important to understand how they relate to successful fertilization.
IMPLEMENTATION OF CONCOLIC UNIT TESTING IN TESTING BINARY SEARCH ALGORITHM USING JCUTE

Testing is a process of implementing a program with the aim of finding an error. A good test case is one of the tests that have the possibility of finding an undisclosed error. One of the existing types of testing is the Concolic Unit Testing Engine. In this research, testing is applied using the Jcute tool, which is a tool to systematically and automatically test sequential C programs (including instructions) and Java programs together. This test is carried out on the search function of an element of data in the Binary Search Search Algorithm. However, to check whether concolic testing can detect bugs in the software practically through case studies. This research describes a case study of the application of a test tool to a Java application. Through this research, we tested the path coverage and Branches Covered. We can also find out the details of total branches covered; total functions invoked, percentage of branches covered and the number of iterations. JCUTE can also find an interleaving of two sequences or circuits that results in an infinite loop.
Personalized Medical Group Visits: A Novel Approach for the Care of Prediabetes

Connor Drake, Ralph Snyderman, Meagan Cannady, Heather Batchelder, Tyler Lian, Beverly Wedda, Christie Clipper, and David Edelman Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Center for Personalized Health Care, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Durham VA Healthcare System, Durham, NC
Modelos baseados no uso: um panorama de pesquisas em língua portuguesa brasileira com base em dados empíricos /Usage-based Models: an Overview of Research in Brazilian Portuguese Grounded on Empirical Data

pesquisas aqui reunidas dialogam entre si, assinalando a relevância dos resultados crescimento importante substancial e da gramática funcional no país. Abstract: Aiming at tracing a profile of the most recent research carried out in the field of Use-Based Linguistic Models, this paper brings together studies that relied on empirical data, mainly within the scope of two other, underscoring the relevance of the results found in Brazilian Portuguese, as well as pointing to an important and sustained growth in the field of research in discourse and grammar in the country.
A student-led, interprofessional care, community-based healthcare service: Student, clinical educator and client perceptions of interprofessional care and education

Introduction: Interprofessional clinical placements present an opportunity for students to enhance their competence in interprofessional practice. Student-led clinics have been shown to be effective for a variety of outcomes, but the experience of students in relation to their development of skills and the perspectives of clinical educators and clients are unknown. This study aimed to investigate student, clinical educator and client experiences, along with perspectives of interprofessional care and interprofessional education in an interprofessional, community-based health service.Methods: This study implemented a mixed methods design through the administration of self-report surveys, focus groups and semi-structured interviews of key stakeholders, including students undertaking full-time placements, clinical educators and clients, in 2019. Survey data were analysed quantitatively, and qualitative data were subject to thematic analysis.Results: Students reported increased confidence to deliver interprofessional care and attributed this in part to their clinical educators. Clinical educators felt equipped and prepared to deliver interprofessional education activities and displayed high levels of confidence in their ability to provide feedback. Clients were confident in the students’ abilities to be involved in their care and understood the role of the educators. Clients also acknowledged an appreciation of teamwork between students.Conclusions: The results of this study indicate an interprofessional student-led clinical placement increased student confidence in their ability to deliver interprofessional care and emphasised the role of the clinical educator. The perspectives of clients in this paper provide a unique and important viewpoint when considering models of clinical placements that are interprofessional in nature.
Using virtual clinical trials to determine the accuracy of AI-based quantitative imaging biomarkers in oncology trials using standard-of-care CT

There is a tremendous potential for AI-based quantitative imaging biomarkers to make clinical trials with standardof- care CT more efficient. There is, however, a well-recognized gap between discovery and the translation to practice for AI-based imaging biomarkers. Our goal is to enable more efficient and effective imaging clinical trials by characterizing the repeatability and reproducibility AI-based imaging biomarkers. We used virtual imaging clinical trials (VCTs) to simulate the data pathway by estimating the probability distributions functions for patient-, disease-, and imaging-related sources of variability. We evaluated the bias and variance in estimating the volume of liver lesions and the variance of an algorithm, that has shown success in predicting mortality risk for NSCLC patients. We used the volumetric XCAT anthropomorphic simulated phantom with inserted lesions with varied shape, size, and location. For CT acquisition and reconstruction we used the CatSim package and varied acquisition mAs and image reconstruction kernel. For each combination of parameters we generated 20 independent realizations with quantum and electronic noise. The resulting images were analyzed with the two AI-based imaging biomarkers described above, and from that we computed the mean and standard deviation of the results. Mean values and/or bias results were counter-intuitive in some cases, e.g. lower mean bias in scans with lower mAs. Addition of variations in lesion size, shape and location increased variance of the estimated parameters more than the mAs effects. These results indicate the feasibility of using VCTs to estimate the repeatability and reproducibility of AI-based biomarkers used in clinical trials with standard-of-care CT.
A beautiful game, but nobody cares? : an analysis of the low attendances at Brazilian football league games

Despite Brazilians’ huge passion for football, attendance levels at local league games are often remarkably low. As more spectators at the games positively affect all of a clubs’ sources of income, clubs should have a clear interest in increasing attendances at their home games. This thesis identifies the underlying reasons for the low attendance levels and deduces recommendations for clubs to improve attendances at their home games. Using the widely popular consumer decision making process as a basis, a fan decision making process is developed by enriching and adapting the original model with findings from relevant football management literature. Thereby relevant factors affecting fans in their match attendance decision are identified. Case examples from European football leagues and relevant literature furthermore allow the deduction of best practices on these factors. A quantitative analysis using data from the 2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A (CBSA) confirms most of the previously identified factors for the case of Brazilian football. Comparing CBSA clubs’ current performance to the best practices deduced regarding the relevant factors affecting fans’ decision making process then allows the detection of the deficits and shortcomings of the clubs’ current approaches, which can serve as an explanation for the low attendance levels at CBSA games. The complete lack of information on ticket sales, the severely reduced opportunity to purchase tickets as well as high ticket prices that exclude substantial parts of the clubs’ target groups from attending the games are identified as the main reasons for the low attendances. Other less severe factors are related to clubs’ pricing strategies, the infrastructure of stadiums or the communication measures used to address fans. Based on these finding, concrete recommendations are deduced on how Brazilian clubs can effectively increase attendances at their home games in the future.
Single Event Effect Hardening Designs in 65nm CMOS Bulk Technology

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iii TABLE OF CONTENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . vii LIST OF FIGURES . ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xiv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background and Motivation . 1 1.2 Objectives . 4 1.3 Thesis Organization . 6 CHAPTER 2: RADIATION EFFECTS BACKGROUND . 7 2.1 SEE Basic Mechanism. 7 2.2 Sources of Radiation . 9 2.2.1 Alpha Particles . 10 2.2.2 Heavy Ions . 10 2.2.3 Neutrons . 11 2.2.4 Protons . 12 2.3 SEU (Single Event Upset) . 12 2.4 SET (Single Event Transient) . 16 v CHAPTER 3: CURRENT SEE TOLERANT DESIGNS . 18 3.1 Basic Mitigation Approaches . 19 3.2 Redundancy-based Mitigation Methods . 20 3.2.1 TMR . 21 3.2.2 Guard-Gate . 21 3.2.3 DICE . 23 3.2.4 Quatro . 24 3.3 Layout-based Mitigation Methods. 26 3.3.1 Charge Sharing and Pulse Quenching . 27 3.3.2 Node Separation . 30 3.3.3 Well Contact and Guard Ring . 31 3.3. 4 Layout Design Through Error-Aware Transistor Positioning . 33 CHAPTER 4: A RADIATION HARDENING DESIGN IN SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS . 38 4.1 Proposed Fault-tolerant Design and SEU Analysis . 38 4.1.1 Proposed Quatro-based Flip-flop Design and Basic Operation . 38 4.1.2 SEU Resistance Analysis . 41 4.2 Single Event Simulations. 46 4.2.1 TFIT Soft Error Simulation Setup . 46 4.2.2 Simulation Results and Analysis . 48 4.3 Performance Comparison . 51 CHAPTER 5: RADIATION HARDENING DESIGNS IN COMBINATION CIRCUITS . 53 5.1 Static Logic Hardening . 53