Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frequency response characteristics of the multiport planar elliptic patch

The Green's function for the elliptic patch is developed using differential operators. This method obtains the Green's function directly, without having to expand over the eigenvalues. The resulting series is highly convergent. From the Green's function, the impedance matrix is formulated for the elliptic patch. Experimental and theoretical results show good agreement. >
The 250th anniversary of daylight science: Looking back and looking forward

This year it is appropriate to celebrate an event of great significance for all illuminating engineers. This year is the 250th anniversary of the publication of major books by Pierre Bouguer and Johann H. Lambert. These books summarise the principles of photometry and of daylight science in particular. It is also an opportunity to mention the basic criteria of daylight design and evaluation still used today, that is the Daylight and Sky Factors together with the methods for the calculation of window solid angles developed by Lambert and several approximations derived later. All 20th Century daylight design tools, for example diagrams, nomograms or protractors are based on these. Although the simplified Daylight or Sky Factors are obsolete now, the solid angle for large area sources with a particular sky luminance specification is still needed for calculating the Daylight Coefficient or absolute illuminance in computer programs.
Are efforts to mechanize SA mines too focused on machinery rather than technology

Synopsis This paper takes a personal look, through the author’s own experiences, at the implementation of innovations in the narrow-seam, hard-rock mining environment of South Africa’s mining industry over the past 40 years. A number of examples are used to illustrate some of the successes and failures over this period. More importantly, the examples are used to illustrate that the bulk of the investment for these projects should have been applied in a manner that could have achieved more sustainable results. The use of the word ‘technology’ in this context is also examined, as it is the author’s contention that only measuring the performance of machinery fails to encapsulate the potential of the entire system describing the scope of the innovation being implemented. These experiences and observations are projected onto the current backdrop of upheaval in the relationship between key industry stakeholders and the sustainability challenges facing areas of the mining sector in the South African economy. The paper concludes with some opinions on where attention can be focused in order to develop new thinking that can be applied for the safe and economic extraction of the nation’s mineral wealth.
A new RCS statistical model of radar targets

In this paper, we point out the drawbacks of conventional target fluctuation models used in radar target modeling. It is usually difficult for us to statistically model a real target by a conventional target model which has an analytical probability density function (pdf) expression, because there are very few parameters which can be used to approximate in conventional target models the pdf of the radar cross section (RCS) of a real target. We suggest a new method of statistical modeling, where the first nth central moment of the RCS data for real targets, combining with the Legendre orthogonal polynomials, are used to reconstruct the pdf of the RCS of the target. The relationship between the coefficients of the Legendre polynomials and the central moments of RCS are deduced mathematically. Through a practical computing example, the error-of-fit is shown as a function of the orders of Legendre coefficients. By comparing the errors-of-fit caused by both the new model and the conventional models, we conclude that the new nonparametric method for statistical modeling of radar targets is superior, for it makes the statistical modeling of radar target easier and more exact.
Analysis of dispersion properties in square hollow fiber

A hollow fiber with new cross section was studied by means of a numerical simulator based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Its guiding mechanism was the right angle internal reflection. Results show that light can be confined into the air core due to the right angle guiding mechanism that was implemented with the hollow square glass. Distributions of the transverse electric field intensity as well as dispersion properties of the fundamental mode were given. This fiber can be used in optical communication, gas sensing, enhanced Raman scattering, CO/sub 2/ laser guidance, and particle transport.
Input Vector Normalization Methods in Support Vector Machines for Automatic Incident Detection

Abstract It is known that support vector machines (SVMs), based on statistical learning theory, are an efficient approach to solving the pattern recognition problem because of their remarkable performance in terms of prediction accuracy. When applying SVMs, the input vectors should be normalized. The prediction performance would differ according to the normalization method used. Thus, it is important to choose an efficient method for normalizing input vectors as this could improve the prediction performance of the SVMs. In this paper, various normalization methods for input vectors have been studied and the best normalization method proposed to achieve the best performance in automatic incident detection. The experimental results show that the performance of an automatic incident detection system using SVMs can be highly dependent on the method used in normalizing the input vectors, and that the proposed normalization method is the most efficient method for automatic incident detection.
Comments on "Uniform ferrite-loaded open waveguide structure with CRLH response and its application to a novel backfire-to-endfire leaky-wave antenna"

In the above-named paper, a transversely magnetized ferrite open-waveguide has been analyzed. That paper demonstrated that a forward-to-backward TE guided-wave transition may occur as a function of either frequency or magnetostatic bias. It further demonstrated that a scanning leaky-wave antenna may be built from such a guide. Although the rigorous analysis of the β = 0 crossing presented there is laudable, it also contains a number of shortcomings that require clarification. The purpose of this comment is threefold. First, it will be shown that pertinent references appear to have been overlooked. Second, certain strong claims that are made in the original work must be properly placed in context. Third, it will be shown that losses have been inadequately assessed.
Referee Assignment in Sports Tournaments

Optimization in sports is a eld of increasing interest. Some applications havebeen reviewed by Ribeiro and Urrutia [7]. Combinatorial optimization techniqueshave been applied e.g. to the traveling tournament problem [3,9], to playo elimination in championships [8], and to the scheduling of a college basketballconference [6]. Easton et al. [2] reviewed scheduling problems in sports.A common problem found in sports management is the assignment of refereesto games already scheduled. The number of referees to be assigned to each gamemay vary depending on the sport or the league. For example, soccer gamesusually require three referees, while basketball games require only two. There area number of rules and objectives that should be taken into account when refereesare assigned to games. Games in higher divisions may require higher-skilledreferees. Since referees may ociate several games during the day in amateurleagues, travel feasibility and travel times between the facilities where the gamestake place have to be considered. Additionally, and especially in some amateurchildren leagues, some of the referees are also players (or players' relatives). Inthis case, a natural constraint is that a referee cannot ociate a game thathe/she is scheduled to play.Referee assignment problems in other contexts have been addressed in [4,5,10]. Dinitz and Stinson [1] considered a problem involving referee assignmentto tournament schedules, connecting room squares and balanced tournamentdesigns. In this work, we address a simpli ed version of a referee assignmentproblem common to many amateur leagues of sports such as soccer, basketball,and baseball, among others. In the next section, we describe the main constraintsand the objective function of the problem. The proposed solution strategy issummarized in Section 3. Concluding remarks and further extensions of thiswork are reported in the last section.
The optimal way for looking around a corner

Let two walls form a wedge of angle less than 180/spl deg/. At one of the walls, a robot is located, facing the corner where the walls meet. The robot's task is to eye the other wall. To this end, it can freely move around in the area outside the wedge. Suppose the robot does not know the angle of the wedge. How should it move to minimize path length? It is shown that there is a strategy which guarantees that, for any possible value of the angle, the length of the path the robot walks before it can look around the corner is bounded by the length of the shortest path to do so, times the constant c /spl ap/ 1.21218. It is proved that the strategy is optimal in that no smaller competitive factor than c can be achieved. A simple formula is given for the robot to find the optimal path.
A modular concept for the circuit simulation of bipolar power semiconductors

Physical network simulation models of bipolar power devices strongly depend on an accurate description of the low-doped drift zone, because the behavior of the diffusion charge in this region governs the static and dynamic device characteristics. In this paper a one-dimensional modeling module for the drift zone is presented, which accounts for all important effects under high injection conditions: nonquasistatic ambipolar diffusion, temperature- and injection-level dependent scattering and recombination effects as well as impact ionization. When combined with well known expressions describing the rest of the respective structure, very accurate and CPU-time efficient network models can be implemented, that are suited for all applications including resonant modes (ZVS, ZCS, ZVT). The module is incorporated in a commercially available network simulator and used so far for modeling the IGBT, the high power diode and the GTO. >
Rethinking the business core curriculum: The case against calculus

Abstract In this paper, the authors question the value of a required calculus class for undergraduate business students. We use the tenets of Transfer of Learning theory along with the Theory of Formal Discipline to evaluate whether the value of calculus may be overstated. Using data from business faculty, students, and alumni, we look at the degree to which these constituents believe that taking a calculus class is important to their future success. Findings indicate that while some groups believe calculus is important to business students, most results suggest that the value of a required calculus class to business student success is limited.
Estimation for Air Combat Games with Unknown Enemy Inputs

AbstractIn a typical application of Kalman filtering, the filter receives the output observation of the system and the control inputs to the system and produces an estimate of the state of the system. In an air combat game, it is unreasonable to assume that direct information about the enemy’s inputs are available. Hence, a straightforward application of filtering does not work. In this paper, two different approaches are presented in estimating the states of friendly as well as enemy forces based on the output observation and the friendly control inputs when the enemy inputs are not available. Stochastic simulations are carried out in the context of a game-theoretic feedback controller and compare their performance under noise. The two methods are the Kalman filter and the unknown input-decoupling observer. The Kalman filter treats the enemy inputs as part of the extended state and obtains an estimate of both the state of the two forces and the input of the enemy. Because the filter was originally design.
The consequences of heavy-tailed service time distribution on a basic queuing model and its performance indicators

Recent research showing theoretical generative models for heavy-tailed service time queues and its empirical validation implies the need for a better knowledge of the key performance indicators’ behavior under such assumption. The behavior of the average length of the queue () and the average waiting-time (Wq) were analyzed through simulation, varying system capacity, average service utilization factor ( ρ ) and the number of servers in the systems as parameters. Comparisons were also made with service times based on Poisson processes. The results showed more sensitive variations of Lq and Wq for heavy-tailed service times than for Poisson-based service times. Systems having a capacity of over 1,000 entities might be considered as being systems having infinity capacity and the number of servers has a greater importance in heavy-tailed ruled processes than in Poisson processes. There was a lack of adequacy of Lq and Wq as key performance indicators for heavy-tailed service times, lea- ding to unexpected and unstable results.
Determining a signal to noise ratio for an arbitrary data sequence by a time domain analysis

An algorithm is developed for determining the signal to noise (S/N) ratio for an arbitrary data sequence by a time domain correlation analysis. By measuring the correlation coefficient of time domain readback voltages, r(V(t), V(t+nT)), the S/N for an arbitrary data sequence can be determined. The authors applied this method to obtain the S/N ratio for a magnetic recording thin film medium written by a 127-b pseudorandom sequence at different linear recording densities. The new algorithm may also provide a simple way to integrate the S/N measurement into a digital oscilloscope. >
Properties of 2-arm conical equiangular spiral antenna over extended bandwidth

A frequency-independent type of antenna, the 2-arm conical equiangular spiral, has been studied for applications which require hemispherical coverage over a wide bandwidth. At low frequencies the antenna properties are modified by both truncation of the active region and end-reflected currents. These currents have been reduced by the addition of resistive loading and the performance of the antenna then falls of more gradually as the frequency is reduced. Theoretical and experimental results are presented for current distribution, input impedance and radiation patterns, for both the loaded and unloaded cases.
Communications in Asteroseismology

Editor-in-Chief: Michel Breger, michel.breger@univie.ac.atEditorial Assistant: Daniela Klotz, daniela.klotz@univie.ac.atLayout & Production Manager: Paul Beck, paul.beck@univie.ac.atCoAst Editorial and Production OﬃceT¨urkenschanzstrase 17, A - 1180 Wien, Austriahttp://www.univie.ac.at/tops/CoAst/Comm.Astro@univie.ac.atEditorial Board: Conny Aerts, Gerald Handler,Don Kurtz, Jaymie Matthews, Ennio Poretti
Miniature shorted dual-patch antenna

Two designs are constructed based on a two-layer dual-patch antenna with coaxial feed. One of the shorter edges of the upper patch is connected to the lower patch and the other shorter edge is connected directly to the ground by another vertical wall without touching the lower patch. In the first design the upper patch is rectangular and the shorting wall to the ground is narrower than the width of the whole patch. In this case the resonant frequency of the patch can reduce by 72% when compared with the conventional halfwave patch. It has a bandwidth of 8.8% and a gain of –1.7 dBi in the broadside direction. The pattern has a maximum gain 0.5 dBi occurring at thetas = –40°. In the second design, the upper patch is modified into a trapezoidal shape. The resonant frequency of this patch can reduce by 72% when compared with the conventional halfwave patch. It has a bandwidth 8.3% and a gain of –1.7 dBi in the broadside direction. The pattern has a maximum gain 1.5 dBi at the direction of –35° direction. Compared with the first design, a 1 dBi gain improvement is obtained.
Efficient two dipole antenna alignment in near‐field region

This letter suggests an efficient dipole antenna alignment for the collinear dipoles and parallel nonstaggered dipoles in near‐field region, where a material shell or a metal plate is located between two dipole antennas. For an infinitesimal electric dipole in the material shell, a strong electric field direction of outer material and the distance to maintain the field dominantly regardless of the material properties have been calculated. Transmission coefficients of the two dipoles for the metal plate are simulated and measured at 900 MHz. Finally, it is proposed that the transmission performance of the collinear dipole alignment for both the material shell and metal environments is better than that of the parallel nonstaggered dipole alignment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:933–937, 2015
Coping with abnormal flux conditions when applying transformer protection

In the design and application of biased differential protection to large transformers, some or all of the following overfluxing conditions may require attention. The last condition does not generally receive as much general attention as the first condition: energisation; AC overfluxing; and DC overfluxing. After a brief review of biased differential protection for transformers, each of the above conditions are given some individual consideration with the aid of a spread-sheet transformer model and with reference to real events that have been encountered. The aim is to review the efficacy of new or established relay design features for addressing overfluxing concerns.
Pomacentrus andamanensis, a new species of damselfish (Teleostei: Pomacentridae) from the Andaman Sea, Indian Ocean

A new damselfish species, Pomacentrus andamanensis n. sp. , is described from 45 specimens, 19.8–64.3 mm SL, collected from Indian Ocean coral reefs, in the Andaman Sea off western Thailand. It also occurs in the Andaman Islands, Myanmar, and the northwestern tip of Sumatra, on the basis of collections (with tissue sampling), underwater photographs, and observations. It is a sibling species of Pomacentrus amboinensis from the Western Pacific Ocean, but differs from it and the Micronesian species of the complex, Pomacentrus bipunctatus, primarily in the adult color pattern, in particular a conspicuous ocellus on the rear dorsal fin in adults, which is only found on juveniles of the other species. Most meristic values are the same, but the range of total gill rakers differs, although with some overlap. An analysis of the mtDNA control-region sequences for the new species shows a deep divergence of 21% from 7 populations of Pacific P. amboinensis.
Creating a raster agent-based modelling environment from volunteered geographic information

This work attempts to lay the groundwork for future applied fine-grained modelling that uses geospatial data. A methodology is presented using OpenStreetMap (OSM) data to devise a raster-based agent-based model environment. The resolution of raster-based environment size on model initiation is discussed along with OSM‘s limitations in this context. In processing, clear data gaps impacted the methodology, especially missing classifications of attributes and lack of information on street furniture. A clear relationship between environment granularity and model initiation times was documented. Further research should seek to understand environment granularity and the impact on simulation times.
The Future is Female: A framework to design female physiology research

Despite females representing 50% of the human population, there is a lack of research in female physiology including exercise physiology. Factors that are unique to females such as the menstrual cycle, contraceptive use or menopause, may be perceived as barriers for the inclusion of female cohorts. Researchers need to understand the interplay between the female biological and physiological systems and the interaction between their chosen outcomes. The strategies below can be employed to ensure researchers account for potentially confounding variables in female exercise physiology research.
A Compact CPW-Fed UWB Antenna with GSM, GPS, Bluetooth and Dual Notch Bands Applications

A novel compact ultrawideband (UWB) CPW-fed antenna with triple lower pass bands and dual notched bands for wireless applications is presented. The low-proflle antenna comprises of an approximate hexagonal-shaped radiator for covering the UWB band (3:1 » 10:8GHz). Triple lower pass bands, the 1.5Gband, 1.8GHz GSM band and 2.4GHz Bluetooth band, can be realized by adding three handstand semielliptical-shaped stubs bilaterally at the upper part of antenna ground. A notched band of 3:3 » 3:7GHz for rejection of WiMAX radio signals can also be obtained by adjusting the geometry of the three stubs. In addition, an U-shaped slot on the radiating patch generates a notched band in 5:15 » 5:825GHz for rejection of WLAN radio signals. The proposed antenna is designed and built on a FR-4 substrate, with overall size of 25mm £ 24mm. The simulated and measured results are presented and show that the proposed compact antenna has a stable and omnidirectional radiation patterns across all the relevant bands.
Performance Excellence in Higher Education: One Business School's Journey

The 20-plus year performance excellence journey of the Monfort College of Business, winner of the 2004 Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, is explored. A qualitative case study approach has been used to identify and describe the key factors and practices that have led to success. A model is proposed that links the key enablers with program design and delivery and program management and improvement to the associated results. This causal network is proposed as a system that has led to Monfort’s ever-improving results.
Tradeoff on gain-flatness and gain-stabilization of erbium doped fiber amplifier with FBGs

It is a challenge to get gain-stabilization and gain-flatness of erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) in C-band, simultaneously. In this article, we establish a gain-clamped EDFA model based uniform fiber grating-pair and optimize the reflectivity of grating by the designed targets. The tradeoff between stabilization and flatness can be obtained when an ideal reflectivity is adopted. The numerical results show that the gain-stabilization is controlled in ±0.1dB and gain-flatness is less than ±1.41dB in the range from 1535nm to 1565nm.
Designing an L-band phased array antenna for mobile satellite communications

In the standard design of a phased array antenna for mobile satellite communications, the cost of the array is prohibitive due to the use of expensive antenna elements and phase shifters. In this paper, low cost substrates for antenna elements and low cost diodes are used to build a good quality phased array. Special compensation techniques are applied to low-cost, low-quality diodes to improve their switching performance.
Simulation of excess phase in bipolar transistors

Techniques for simulating excess phase in bipolar models are described. An algorithm is developed for incorporating excess phase directly into normally existing companion network elements for transient as well as ac analysis. The algorithm is shown to yield the same accuracy as a full network representation of the function and without enlarging the simulator circuit matrix. A second-order function is utilized for modeling excess phase.