Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive notch filter based on Lorentz force magnetic bearing for the suppression of imbalance vibration

This study proposes an adaptive control approach based on Lorentz force magnetic bearing (LFMB) for the suppression of imbalance vibration in a magnetically suspended control and sensitive gyro (MSCSG). The mathematical model of the imbalance vibration in LFMB-rotor system with the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) plus filters cross feedback control law is firstly established. Due to the synchronous characteristics of the rotor imbalance disturbance and the linear characteristics of the LFMB, an adaptive notch filter based on LFMB is then proposed to plug into the LFMB-rotor controller to eliminate synchronous disturbance. Finally, experimental results demonstrate the capability of the proposed method to suppress rotor imbalance vibration.
Epigenetic Alteration of DNA in Mucosal Wash Fluid Predicts Invasiveness of Colorectal Tumors

Although conventional colonoscopy is considered the gold standard for detecting colorectal tumors, accurate staging is often difficult because advanced histology may be present in small colorectal lesions. We collected DNA present in mucosal wash fluid from patients undergoing colonoscopy and then assessed the methylation levels of four genes frequently methylated in colorectal cancers to detect invasive tumors. We found that methylation levels in wash fluid were significantly higher in patients with invasive than those with noninvasive tumors. Cytologic and K-ras mutation analyses suggested that mucosal wash fluid from invasive tumors contained greater numbers of tumor cells than wash fluid from noninvasive tumors. Among the four genes, levels of mir-34b/c methylation had the greatest correlation with the invasion and showed the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC = 0.796). Using cutoff points of mir-34b/c methylation determined by efficiency considerations, the sensitivity/specificity were 0.861/0.657 for the 13.0% (high sensitivity) and 0.765/0.833 for the 17.8% (well-balanced) cutoffs. In the validation test set, the AUC was also very high (0.915), the sensitivity/specificity were 0.870/0.875 for 13.0% and 0.565/0.958 for 17.8%. Using the diagnostic tree constructed by an objective algorithm, the diagnostic accuracy of the invasiveness of colorectal cancer was 91.3% for the training set and 85.1% for the test set. Our results suggest that analysis of the methylation of DNA in mucosal wash fluid may be a good molecular marker for predicting the invasiveness of colorectal tumors. Cancer Prev Res; 4(5); 674–83. ©2011 AACR.
La correccion ambiental del rio Manzanares. Saneamiento y vertidos. Los nuevos colectores de margen y los estanques de tormenta.

El soterramiento de la M-30 a lo largo del rio Manzanares entre el Puente del Rey y el Nudo Sur constituye una oportunidad excepcional para corregir la deficiente situacion del sistema de saneamiento existente. El actual saneamiento recoge las aguas combinadas negras y de escorrentia de distintas cuencas en dos colectores de margen situados en una y otra margen del rio Manzanares, conduciendolas hasta las depuradoras existentes. La escasa capacidad de los colectores de margen obliga a verter aguas al rio con diluciones inferiores a 3:1 (agua vertida/agua negra) produciendo importantes contaminaciones en el rio. El soterramiento de la M-30 permite construir nuevos colectores de margen con capacidad tal que nunca se vierta al rio con dilucion inferior a 17:1. Para cada volumen vertido se han determinado las concentraciones de DQO, DBO5 y SS. El sistema de saneamiento se completara con un aumento de la capacidad de las depuradoras del Sur y de Butarque, y con cuatro estanques de almacenamiento, situados antes de la entrada a las depuradoras. (A). English abstract: The underground routing of the M-30 ring road alongside the River Manzanares between the Puente del Rey and the South interchange has served as an excellent opportunity to correct the deficient drainage system in the area. The current system collects waste and run-off waters from different basins in two bank collectors set on each side of the River Manzanares which lead on to the existing treatment plants. The small capacity of the bank water collectors forces water to spill into the river which is diluted by less than 3:1 (run off water/sewage) and seriously polluting the river. The underground routing of the M-30 ring road will allow the construction of new bank collectors with a much higher capacity to prevent any spill off water from exceeding dilutions of 17:1. The odour quality determination, oxygen biochemical demand and degree of suspended solids was established for each spill volume. The drainage system will be completed by increasing the capacity of the South and Butarque treatment plants and adding a further four storage tanks set at the entrance of the treatment tanks. (A).
How Prepared are Malaysian Nurses for Online Distance Learning

Malaysia is moving towards a developed country status and it is imperative that the healthcare provided be at a higher standard than it is today. As members of the healthcare team, nurses play an essential role in the provision of healthcare. As such it is timely th at nurses’ education be upgraded. As most of them only have a certificate or diploma in nur sing, one way to upgrade the nurses is by providing opportuni- ties for a baccalaureate degree. However, due to the shortage of nurses, nurses find it a challenge to en- roll in a full- time on-campus programme. One way to help nurses meet the challenge is by providing an online distance learning programme to Malaysian nurses. And, to ensure the success of the online dis- tance learning programme, it was realized that the nursing students need to be adequately prepared for an online learning environment. How much preparation will be determined, among other things, by their prior experience and skill in using technology as well as by their belief and attitude towards online distance learning. A survey was conducted on a cohort group of students during a face-to-face pre- course orientation, that is, prior to the start of the online program. The findings of the survey are pre- sented and discussed in the paper and implications for the future are highlighted. (Authors' abstract)
Phytoplankton growth rates in the Atlantic subtropical gyres

Reported estimates of phytoplankton growth rate (µ) in the subtropical gyres range widely from 0.1–0.2 to 1–2 d−1. Dividing chlorophyll a (Chl a)‐normalized photosynthesis (PB) by the phytoplankton carbon (C) to Chl a ratio (C : Chl a) yields an estimate of phytoplankton µ. To reduce the current uncertainty regarding phytoplankton µ in the subtropical gyres, I have reviewed >230 determinations of Chl a‐normalized photosynthesis (PB) and >40 determinations of phytoplankton C: Chl a obtained in surface waters of the eastern North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre (NAST‐E), the western NAST (NAST‐W), and the South Atlantic Tropical Gyre (SATL). Means (95% confidence intervals) of µ were 0.26 (0.19–0.36), 0.51 (0.42–0.62), and 0.17 (0.13–0.22) d‐1 at NAST‐E, NAST‐W, and SATL, respectively. These values are all significantly lower than the expected maximum µ for phytoplankton living in the warm, surface waters of the subtropical ocean. Thus, phytoplankton growth rates, and not only their biomass, seem to be nutrient‐limited in the oligotrophic ocean. A low phytoplankton µ in the open ocean is consistent with our knowledge of the relationship between elemental composition of the cells and their physiological state and agrees with other ecological and biogeochemical observations in the subtropical gyres.
Late Holocene ice wedges near Fairbanks, Alaska, USA: Environmental setting and history of growth

Test trenches excavated into muskeg near Fairbanks in 1969 exposed a polygonal network of active ice wedges. The wedges occur in peat that has accumulated since about 3500 yr BP and have grown episodically as the permafrost table fluctuated in response to fires, other local site conditions and perhaps regional climatic changes. Radiocarbon dates suggest one or two episodes of ice-wedge growth between about 3500 and 2000 yr BP as woody peat accumulated at the site. Subsequent wedge truncation evidently followed a fire that charred the peat. Younger peat exhibits facies changes between sedge-rich components that filled troughs over the ice wedges and woody bryophytic deposits that formed beyond the troughs. A final episode of wedge development took place within the past few hundred years. Pollen data from the site indicate that boreal forest was present throughout the past 6000 yr, but that it underwent a gradual transition from a predominantly deciduous to a spruce-dominated assemblage. This change may reflect either local site conditions or a more general climatic shift to cooler, moister summers in late Holocene time. The history of ice-wedge growth shows that wedges can form and grow to more than 1 m apparent width under mean annual temperatures that probably are close to those of the Fairbanks area today (-3.5? C) and under vegetation cover similar to that of the interior Alaskan boreal forest. The commonly held belief that ice wedges develop only below mean annual air temperatures of -6 to -80C in the zone of continuous permafrost is invalid.
Aquatic Vegetable Production and Research in China

Aquatic vegetables are all crop species growing in paddy fields, pools or lowlands, and have a very long cultivation history in China. There are mainly 12 fresh-water plant classes belonging to 12 families with about 1700 germplasm resources all over the country. They are lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn), water bamboo (Zizania caduciflora Hand. Mazz.), taro (Colocasia esculenta Schott), water dropwort (Oenanthe stolonifera DC. C.), water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.), arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia L. var. sinensis Makino), water chestnut (Eleocharis tuberosa Roem. et Schult), water caltrop (Trapa spp.), gordon euryale (Euryale ferox Salisb.), water cress (Nasturtium officinale R.Br), common cattail (Typha caduciflora L.) and water shield (Brasenia schreberi Gmel). Aquatic vegetables are all enjoyed for their crisp, tasty qualities and special flavor, and most of them have exceptional health and appreciation value. Many of them originate in China, and they are an essential part of the Chinese plant germplasm resource treasury. China also produces more aquatic vegetables than any other country in the world. Nowadays, research focuses on germplasm resources and breeding, mechanisms of edible organ development and control, processing, and ecology. Facing the challenges of increasing demand for high quality vegetables, future prospects for production and research of aquatic vegetables are also discussed in this article. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Economic Policy, Industrial Structure, and Unemployment in Russia's Regions

The formation of an efficient employment structure as an important factor stabilizing the situation in regional labor markets and its impact on labor markets' behavior are studied. Theoretical and empirical analysis of regional labor market differences and the factors causing these differences are used to assess the structural imbalance in Russia's transition economy. By making cluster and discriminant analyses, the authors provide alternative classifications of the regions and estimate the impact of specific regional factors such as the structure of industry employment and economic policy on regional level on labor markets behavior.
Heat Generation and Transport in the Earth

Introduction Credits 1. Historical notes 2. Internal structure of the Earth 3. Basic equations 4. Heat conduction 5. Heat transport by convection 6. Thermal structure of the oceanic lithosphere 7. Thermal structure of the continental lithosphere 8. Global energy budget 9. Mantle convection 10. Thermal evolution of the Earth 11. Magmatic and volcanic systems 12. Environmental problems 13. New and old challenges Appendix A. A primer on Fourier and Laplace transforms Appendix B. Green's functions Appendix C. About measurements Appendix D. Physical properties Appendix E. Heat production List of symbols References Index.
Accumulation of Organic Matter in Infertile Red Soils and Its Ecological Importance

Field experiments on the decomposition of organic materials and the accumulation of organic carbon in infertile red soils were conducted at the Ecological Experimental Station of Red Soil,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,and the potential of CO2 sequestration by redlamation and improving the fertility of these soils was estimated.Results showed that in infertile red soils,the humification coefficinets of organic materials were rather high,ranging from 0.28 to 0.63 with an average of 0.43,which was 41% higher than those in corresponding red soils with medium fertility.THis was mainly attributed to the high clay content.high acidity and low native organic matter content of infertile red soils.Compared to those in corresponding normal red soils,the decomposition rates of organic materials were significantly lower in infertile red soils in the first 2 years,thereafter no significant difference was observed between those in the two kinds of soils.Depending on the kind and amount of organic manure applied,the soil properties and the rotation systems,annual application of organic manure with a rate of 4500 to 9000kgha^-1 increased the organic carbon content in surface 20cm of infertile red soils by 2.1-7.5g kg^-1 with an average of 4.7g kg^-1 within the first 5years.The organic carbon content in infertile red soils which received organic manure annually increased linearly in the first 10 years,thereafter it slowed down,implying that the fertility of the infertile red soils could reach middle or high level in 10 years if the soil was managed properly.It was estimated that through exploitation of wastelands,re-establishment of fuel forests and improvement of soil fertility,soils in red soil region of China could sequester an extra 1.50×10^15 g of atmospheirc CO2.
Effects of Serious Games for Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Systematic Literature Review

Background The use of serious games for rehabilitation has been an emerging intervention in health care fields, referred to as an entertaining and positive activity. Although related studies have been conducted on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a more comprehensive study that summarizes and evaluates its effects in this area is needed. Objective This review aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of serious games in promoting rehabilitation and related outcome measures of serious game–based engagement in patients with COPD. Methods This review adhered to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. Searches were performed in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase (via Ovid), CINAHL, Science Direct, and China Biology Medicine disc. Only quantitative studies were included in this review, and the methodological quality and bias of the included studies were evaluated using related tools. Several outcomes, including clinical outcomes and serious game–based engagement outcomes, were ultimately collected in this review. The results were summarized and evaluated using descriptive methods due to significant heterogeneity. Results In total, 11 studies were included. Serious games played a potentially positive effect on pulmonary function and exercise capacity. However, no consistent findings were reported on dyspnea and psychological status. Additionally, serious game engagement showed favorable findings on adherence, enjoyment, and acceptability. Furthermore, no serious adverse effects were identified in all included studies. Conclusions This review preliminarily indicated the potential benefits of serious games in promoting rehabilitation for patients with COPD, despite the limited quality of the included studies. More studies with high methodological quality are needed to further explore the effects of serious games in this field.
Determinants of Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions Isil

Despite the fact that one-third of worldwide mergers involve firms from different countries, the vast majority of the academic literature on mergers studies domestic mergers. What little has been written about cross-border mergers has focused on public firms, usually from the United States. Yet, the vast majority of cross-border mergers involve private firms that are not from the United States. We provide an analysis of a sample of 56,978 cross-border mergers occurring between 1990 and 2007. In addition to the factors that motivate domestic mergers, national borders provide an additional set of factors that affect the likelihood that two firms choose to merge. Geography, the quality of accounting disclosure, and the bilateral trade increase the likelihood of mergers between two countries. In addition, valuation appears to play a role in motivating mergers; firms in countries whose stock market has increased in value, whose currency has recently appreciated, and who have a relatively high market to book value tend to be purchasers and firms from weaker-performing economies tend to be targets. * Contact information: Isil Erel, Department of Finance, Fisher College of Business, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210: email: erel@fisher.osu.edu; Rose C. Liao, Department of Finance and Economics, Rutgers Business School at Newark and New Brunswick, Room 1152, 1 Washington Park, Newark, NJ, 07102: email: liao@business.rutgers. edu; Michael S. Weisbach, Department of Finance, Fisher College of Business, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, email: weisbach.2@osu.edu. We would like to thank Anup Agrawal, Malcolm Baker, Mara Faccio, Charlie Hadlock, Campbell Harvey, Jim Hines, Andrew Karolyi, Simi Kedia, Sandy Klasa, Pedro Matos, Taylor Nadauld, Léa Stern, René Stulz, Jérôme Taillard, two referees, and seminar participants at Chinese University of Hong Kong, HKUST, IDC, Lingnan University, Michigan State University, Ohio State University, Ohio University, University of Alabama, and Washington University for very helpful suggestions.
Välfärdsaspekter hos inne- och utekatter

Katter halls som husdjur i manga lander i varlden och har mycket olika levnadsvillkor. Denna rapports syfte ar att undersoka vilka for- och nackdelar olika hallningssatt har. De vanligaste satten att ha sin katt i Sverige ar som innekatt utan tillgang till utevistelse eller som utekatt vilket oftast innebar att katten ar delvis inne och delvis ute. Fragestallningarna ar: vilken boendesituation ar att foredra ur kattens synvinkel? Vilka valfardsproblem kan uppsta om katten bara ar inne? Vilka valfardsproblem kan uppsta om katten far ga ut? De specifika aspekterna som undersoktes var naturligt beteende (jakt), halsa, utrymme, flerkatts-hushall, miljoberikning och problembeteenden. Jaktbeteende ar ett av kattens grundlaggande beteenden och utfors aven om katten far mat pa annat satt. Innekatter far anvanda leksaker for att fa utlopp for jaktbeteendet medan utekatter kan jaga bytesdjur. En utekatt ar utsatt for en storre smittorisk eftersom den traffar andra katter och den kan aven bli smittade av bytesdjur. En utekatt kan drabbas av ogynnsamma vaderforhallanden som en innekatt slipper. Det finns ocksa en stor risk for olyckor, som t.ex. bilolyckor, for en utekatt. Innekatter bor pa ett begransat utrymme medan utekatter ofta har stora omraden ute att rora sig pa. Katter som har storre utrymme ar mer aktiva an katter som bor pa liten yta och darfor kan inaktivitet vara ett problem for innekatter som kan leda till t.ex. overvikt. Att ha flera katter tillsammans kan vara ett stressmoment om de inte fungerar bra ihop. Katterna behover ofta nagonstans att ga undan och det maste finnas tillrackligt med resurser, som mat och vatten, sa att det inte blir brak. Om detta ar uppfyllt sa kan katter som bor tillsammans ha gladje av varandra da de kan utfora sociala beteenden och de leker mer, bade med varandra och sjalva. Miljoberikning ar ett bra satt att stimulera en katt som inte aktiveras pa ett naturligt satt. Det kan aven vara nodvandigt for utekatter om utemiljon inte stimulerar katten tillrackligt eller om den inte far eller vill vara ute tillrackligt lange. Problembeteenden kan uppsta hos katter och det ar da viktigt att utvardera kattens boendesituation sa att man kan upptacka eventuella orsaker till dessa problem.
Drinking the Waters: Creating an American Leisure Class at Nineteenth-Century Mineral Springs

Chapter 1 Commercializing Leisure Chapter 2 Selling the Setting Chapter 3 The Democratization of American Medicine Chapter 4 Society of Fashion Chapter 5 Love for Sale Chapter 6 Drinking the Same Waters: Sectionalism at the Springs Chapter 7 War, Nostalgia, and Anomie, 1861-1896
Characteristics , Covariances , and Average Returns : 1929 to 1997

The value premium in U.S. stock returns is robust. The positive relation between average return and book-to-market equity is as strong for 1929 to 1963 as for the subsequent period studied in previous papers. A three-factor risk model explains the value premium better than the hypothesis that the book-tomarket characteristic is compensated irrespective of risk loadings. Firms with high ratios of book value to the market value of common equity have higher average returns than firms with low book-to-market ratios (Rosenberg, Reid, and Lanstein (1985)). Because the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) of Sharpe (1964) and Lintner (1965) does not explain this pattern in average returns, it is typically called an anomaly. There are four common explanations for the book-to-market (BE/ME) anomaly. One says that the positive relation between BE/ME and average return (the so-called value premium) is a chance result unlikely to be observed out of sample (Black (1993), MacKinlay (1995)). Out-of-sample evidence is, however, provided by Chan, Hamao, and Lakonishok (1991), Capaul, Rowley, and Sharpe (1993), and Fama and French (1998). They document strong relations between average return and BE/ME in markets outside the U.S. Using a rather small sample of firms, Davis (1994) finds that the relation between average return and BE/ME observed in recent U.S. returns extends back to 1941. We extend Davis’ data back to 1926, and we expand the coverage to all NYSE industrial firms. We find that the value premium in pre1963 returns is close to that observed for the subsequent period in earlier work. These results argue against the sample-specific explanation for the value premium. The second story for the value premium is that it is not an anomaly at all. The higher average returns on high BE/ME stocks are compensation for risk in a multifactor version of Merton’s (1973) intertemporal capital asset pricing model (ICAPM) or Ross’s (1976) arbitrage pricing theory (APT). Consistent with this view, Fama and French (1993) document covariation in returns related to BE/ME beyond the covariation explained by the market return. Fama and French (1995) show that there is a BE/ME factor in fundamentals (earnings and sales) like the common factor in returns. The acid test of a multifactor model is whether it explains differences in average returns. Fama and French (1993, 1996) propose a three-factor model that uses the market portfolio and mimicking portfolios for factors related to size (market capitalization) and BE/ME to describe returns. They find that the model largely captures the average returns on U.S. portfolios formed on size, BE/ME, and other variables known to cause problems for the CAPM (earnings/price, cashflow/price, past sales growth, and long-term past return). Fama and