Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Processing of Advanced Battery Materials—Laser Cutting of Pure Lithium Metal Foils

Due to the increasing demand for high-performance cells for mobile applications, the standards of the performance of active materials and the efficiency of cell production strategies are rising. One promising cell technology to fulfill the increasing requirements for actual and future applications are all solid-state batteries with pure lithium metal on the anode side. The outstanding electrochemical material advantages of lithium, with its high theoretical capacity of 3860 mAh/g and low density of 0.534 g/cm3, can only be taken advantage of in all solid-state batteries, since, in conventional liquid electrochemical systems, the lithium dissolves with each discharging cycle. Apart from the current low stability of all solid-state separators, challenges lie in the general processing, as well as the handling and separation, of lithium metal foils. Unfortunately, lithium metal anodes cannot be separated by conventional die cutting processes in large quantities. Due to its adhesive properties and toughness, mechanical cutting tools require intensive cleaning after each cut. The presented experiments show that remote laser cutting, as a contactless and wear-free method, has the potential to separate anodes in large numbers with high-quality cutting edges.
Decomposição de resíduos culturais de plantas de cobertura de solo e emissões de óxido nitroso

Master Dissertation Graduate Program in Soil Science Federal University of Santa Maria COVER CROPS RESIDUES DECOMPOSITION AND NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS AUTHOR: DOUGLAS ADAMS WEILER ADVISOR: SANDRO JOSÉ GIACOMINI Date: Santa Maria, 2012-02-28. The inclusion of summer cover crops (SCC) in the no-till system is an interesting alternative to promote the addition of elevated quantities of plant biomass and nitrogen (N) to the soil. The C and N dynamics during the SCC residue decomposition can control the nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes to the atmosphere. This study was carried out to quantify the SCC residue (shoot and root) decomposition, N release and N2O production after the SCC management, in order to select species that combine high biomass and N addition to the soil with low N2O emissions. The study was conducted in 2010 and 2011 from April to September, on a Typic Hapludalf, in the central region of the Rio Grande do Sul state. The SCC used in the experiment were: velvet bean (Mucuna aterrima); pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum); pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan); sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea); crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis) and jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). In addition, there were two fallow treatments. After the SCC management white oat (Avena sativa) and black oat (Avena strigosa) were sowed in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Each year the N fertilizer was applied only in one of the two fallow treatments. In both years the SCC residue decomposition and N release was evaluated through the mesh-bag technique and the N2O fluxes were evaluated through the static chamber technique. The C and N release dynamics followed same pattern for both the SCC shoots and roots. The highest C and N release was observed from shoot residues during first 30 days after SCC management. After 140 days, lowest C and N release from both shoot and root residues was observed from jack bean while highest was recorded for pearl millet. During this period, roots showed higher values for the remaining C and N, indicating that they can contribute relatively more significantly for the C and N accumulation in the soil. The highest N2O fluxes occurred during first 40 days after SCC management, followed by rainfall events. The C availability seems to control the N2O fluxes to the atmosphere, working directly as the energy source for the denitrifier bacteria or indirectly on the reduction of the O2 availability. The highest N2O cumulative emissions were observed during the decomposition of the crotalaria residue. The N losses as N2O were not proportional to the N addition, reaching 0.8 % of the N added by the SCC. Among SCC, the sunn hemp showed lowest values in terms of N2O emission with relation to added biomass (90 and 176 g of N-N2O Mg -1 ). Therefore, it can be concluded that among SCC, sunn hemp can be used to combining C and N addition to soil with low N2O emissions. Keys Words: greenhouse effect, denitrification, biochemical composition, mineralization
Introducing a new salty waste for second-generation bioethanol production

ABSTRACT We have introduced the discards of turnip juice as a raw material for bioethanol production for the first time. Pretreatment methods, initial biomass loading, and fermentation time were investigated. Supplementation of different kinds of nitrogen sources, mineral salts and agricultural waste hydrolysates were added in the growth medium. The highest bioethanol concentrations and Qp values were 7.32, 5.34, 1.55 g/L and 0.61, 0.44, 0.05 g/L.h for S. cerevisiae, K. marxianus and P. stipitis, respectively. Furthermore, Yp/s values were 0.46 g/g, 0.47 g/g, and 0.37 g/g for the three yeasts. Turnip juice discards are promising raw materials for bioethanol production.
Detection of Ammonia Using Logarithmic-Transformed Wavelength Modulation Spectrum

Conventional wavelength modulation spectroscopy is improved by logarithmic-transformed data processing and differential detection for trace gas sensing. The optic intensity modulation is isolated from the gas absorption induced laser power attenuation via the logarithmic-transformation, and then it is balanced out by differential detection. The theory is validated by the detection of P(6) NH3-absorption line belonging to the ν3 + ν4 combination band in a stainless tube with effective path length of 24.5 cm, under room temperature (296 K) and atmospheric pressure (1.01e5 Pa). The second harmonic is recovered while the residual amplitude modulation and distortion of harmonic are eliminated.
Earthworm coelomocytes exhibit chemotaxis to pathogen-associated molecular patterns: an in vitro analysis using a combined Boyden-flow cytometry approach

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether earthworm coelomocytes are capable of performing chemotaxis in response to selected pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The ability of cells to exhibit chemotaxis in response to different chemical mediators is of key importance in normal cellular processes. The invertebrate model used for this study was the earthworm Eisenia hortensis, and the PAMPs included lipopolysaccharide, lipoteichoic acid, flagellin, and laminarin. Determination of migratory capacity in annelids will provide insight into the evolution and conservation of chemotactic pathways in invertebrates. In this study, a combined Boyden-flow cytometric technique was used to measure chemotaxis of earthworm coelomocytes (leukocytes). Coelomocytes were placed in the upper chamber of the migration plate and the PAMPs were placed in the lower chamber at varying concentrations to investigate dose response effects. Post-incubation, the coelomocytes that had migrated across the membrane were harvested and enumerated using a flow cytometer. Statistical analysis showed consistency and reproducibility of chemotaxis to all of the PAMPs that were tested in this study. The results show that earthworm coelomocytes exhibit chemotactic responses to molecular patterns common to microbes that inhabit their natural environment. We conclude more research is needed at the molecular level to elucidate the signaling pathways involved in the migratory responses observed, which is of key importance in understanding the degree of conservation of chemotactic pathways amongst invertebrates.
Study of acid hydrolysis based synthesis of microcrystalline cellulose

iv Acknowledgements. vi Glossary of Terms. vii Chapter 1: Introduction. 8 Chapter 2: Thermal degradation kinetics and thermodynamics of pulp: effect of source and delignification process. 38 Chapter 3: Study of variance in Microcrystalline Cellulose thermal degradation kinetics and thermodynamics due to pulp source. 68 Chapter 4: Study of Acid Hydrolysis of Pulp to Microcrystalline Cellulose. 99 Chapter 5: Acid hydrolysis kinetics of cellulose pulps: effect of raw material source. 120 Chapter 6: FT-IR Spectroscopy to identify silica content of silicified Microcrystalline Cellulose. 140 Chapter 7: Summary and Future Work. 151
The therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy for adolescent depression: Differences between treatment types and change over time.

Although the alliance is usually considered a generic factor common to all therapies, there are theoretical reasons to suspect that the alliance may develop differently in different types of therapies. Yet, in youth psychotherapy little is known about this issue to date. This study investigated whether the mean strength of the alliance, as well as its trajectory over time, differed between three equally effective psychological treatments for adolescent depression. Data were drawn from the *anonymised* study, a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy (STPP) versus a brief psychosocial intervention (BPI) in the treatment of adolescent depression. Adolescents’ (N=338) and therapists’ (n=159) ratings of the alliance were collected using the Working Alliance Inventory short form (WAI-S) at 6, 12 and 36 weeks after randomization. Data were analysed using multilevel linear models. Results showed that adolescents’ and therapists’ mean alliance ratings differed between treatment types, being highest in CBT, and lowest in the STPP at all time points. Mean therapists’ alliance ratings increased slightly over time in all arms, while mean adolescents’ ratings were stable over time in CBT and BPI, but slightly increased in the STPP group. These findings suggest that the mean strength of the alliance differs between treatment type and future research is required to help pinpoint what factors contribute to these differences and their relationship with treatment outcomes.
From Fluid Flow to Coupled Processes in Fractured Rock: Recent Advances and New Frontiers

Quantitative predictions of natural and induced phenomena in fractured rock is one of the great challenges in the Earth and Energy Sciences with far‐reaching economic and environmental impacts. Fractures occupy a very small volume of a subsurface formation but often dominate fluid flow, solute transport and mechanical deformation behavior. They play a central role in CO2 sequestration, nuclear waste disposal, hydrogen storage, geothermal energy production, nuclear nonproliferation, and hydrocarbon extraction. These applications require predictions of fracture‐dependent quantities of interest such as CO2 leakage rate, hydrocarbon production, radionuclide plume migration, and seismicity; to be useful, these predictions must account for uncertainty inherent in subsurface systems. Here, we review recent advances in fractured rock research covering field‐ and laboratory‐scale experimentation, numerical simulations, and uncertainty quantification. We discuss how these have greatly improved the fundamental understanding of fractures and one's ability to predict flow and transport in fractured systems. Dedicated field sites provide quantitative measurements of fracture flow that can be used to identify dominant coupled processes and to validate models. Laboratory‐scale experiments fill critical knowledge gaps by providing direct observations and measurements of fracture geometry and flow under controlled conditions that cannot be obtained in the field. Physics‐based simulation of flow and transport provide a bridge in understanding between controlled simple laboratory experiments and the massively complex field‐scale fracture systems. Finally, we review the use of machine learning‐based emulators to rapidly investigate different fracture property scenarios and accelerate physics‐based models by orders of magnitude to enable uncertainty quantification and near real‐time analysis.
Experimental investigation of disc partial surface texture on the generation of hydrodynamic lubricating performance under conformal contact condition

A series of experiments is conducted to investigate the hydrodynamic lubricant characteristics of partial surface textured specimens. The specimens are fabricated with partial surface texture. Two dimple shapes are adopted: circular and elliptic. Four kinds of texture arrangements of elliptic dimples are designed. During each test, different rotating speeds and gaps between the tested specimen and the geometric probe are set to explain the relationship between the operation condition and load-carrying capacity. We found that the load-carrying capacity is strongly affected by the operation condition, i.e. by both speed and gap. The surface textured specimens generate large hydrodynamic lift force compared with the untextured specimen. In addition, the texture arrangements exhibit a significant impact on the lubrication property.
Male Superiority in Quran: A Critical Appraisal

The role of a woman as an individual in many Muslim societies has been undermined. When the Quran uses the word 'Nafs' or person, it describes the relation of the individual with Allah without taking into account any difference of male or female. Quran is the last revelation on Earth has to be interpreted in its best meaning. The superiority of male in the Quran must be read with conditions attached to it. Only those men who are breadwinners are preferred. Secondly, faddala does not mean preference of all men overall women, but the word ba'd have been specifically used in the said verse. Moreover 'Daraba' interpreted as beating or scourging of a wife by husband in order to make her obedient is not supported by any tradition of the Prophet (SAW). Ijtehad or independent reasoning must be encouraged for the revival of Islamic jurisprudence.
Low Prevalence of HEV Infection and No Associated Risk of HEV Transmission from Mother to Child among Pregnant Women in Vietnam

Infections with HEV in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are associated with increased rates of preterm birth, miscarriage, and stillbirth. The aim of the present study was to investigate HEV infections in pregnant women and the possibility of mother-to-child transmission, and associated outcomes. A total of 183 pregnant women in their third trimester were recruited and followed until delivery. Anti-HEV IgG and IgM were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and HEV nucleic acids were detected in stool and cord blood samples. HEV genotypes were identified by Sanger sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Mother-to-child transmission and associated adverse outcomes were not observed. Only 2% of patients (n = 4/183) tested positive for anti-HEV IgM, and 8% (n = 14/183) tested positive for anti-HEV IgG antibodies. Cord blood (n = 150) analysis showed that there was no IgM detected, while 4% (n = 6/150) tested positive for anti-HEV IgG, which was consistent with mothers testing positive for anti-HEV IgG. Nucleic acid tests for HEV RNA yielded 2% (n = 4/183) from the serum and stool of pregnant women, and none from cord blood. The HEV isolates belonged to the genotype HEV-3a, with 99% homology with humans and 96% with pigs. No association was found between the risk of HEV infection and pregnancy outcomes or HEV transmission from mother to child. HEV-3 infections of zoonotic origin in pregnancy might have eventually resolved without complications.
Screening Bifunctional Pt Based NSTF Catalysts for Durability with the Rotating Disk Electrode: The Effect of Ir and Ru

Various amounts of Ir ( < 20 μ g cm − 2 ) and Ru (up to 12 μ g cm − 2 ) on a consistent base Pt loading of 85 μ g cm − 2 , were sputter deposited on a nanostructured thin ﬁlm catalyst support to mimic a hydrogen fuel cell’s cathode catalyst. The nanostructured support was grown on glassy carbon disks designed for a rotating disk electrode, which was used to simulate what happens to a fuel cell cathode during repeated start-up, operation, and shut-down. The testing protocol subjected the catalyst to a minimum potential of 0.65 V RHE and a maximum between 1.53 and 1.8 V RHE . The upper potential was achieved with a galvanostatic hold which is an alternative way to simulate potential transients on the cathode caused by start-up and shut-down. Increasing Ir loading improved the durability of both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. When combined with Ir, Ru provided no beneﬁt to OER durability except at an Ir loading of 10 μ g cm − 2 . Ru addition (no Ir present) improved the ORR durability compared to pure Pt. ORR durability was not inﬂuenced by Ru addition to Ir-containing samples. In general, ORR durability showed no dependence on Ru loading for all the Ru containing samples and ORR activity was decreased by OER catalyst addition, though more so for Ir than Ru.
EFFECT OF HOSPITAL BOARD GOVERNANCE PRACTICES ON PATIENT SAFETY OUTCOME

Patient safety is a healthcare discipline that can be defined as the prevention of harm caused by healthcare services with special attention to the reporting, analysis, and prevention of medical errors that may lead to an adverse health care event (IOM, 2004). Hospital board is accountable for the safety of the care its hospital provides (Feesko & Rubenstein, 2013). It therefore has a fundamental governance role in the oversight of patient safety by setting objectives, formulating strategy and designing systems of hospital control (Millar et al., 2013).
Amphibians of the equatorial seasonally dry forests of Ecuador and Peru

Abstract Seasonally dry forests (SDFs) are one of the most challenging ecosystems for amphibians, fueling the diversity of this group of vertebrates. An updated inventory of native amphibians present in the Equatorial SDF is provided, which extends along the Pacific coast of Ecuador and northwestern Peru. The study is based on an extensive field sampling (two thirds of the total records) carried out throughout the Equatorial SDF, along with a compilation of the available information on distribution of amphibians in the region from published scientific papers, museum collections and on-line databases. The final dataset included 2,032 occurrence records for 30 amphibian species, belonging to eight anuran families. Additionally, data regarding conservation status, habitat use, spawn deposition site, reproductive mode, and body size, along with an identification key for all encountered species are provided. The results indicate a strong sampling bias with a deficit in the Peruvian part of the study area, and a need for urgent inventories targeted at under-sampled areas, using modern taxonomic methods. The study emphasizes the conservation priorities in the Equatorial SDF, based on the distribution, conservation status and life-history data. This information should be useful for the local authorities and institutions involved in the management and conservation of biodiversity in SDF.
Seismic wavefield processing with deep preconditioners

In the last decade, seismic wavefield processing has begun to rely more heavily on the solution of wave-equation-based inverse problems. Especially when dealing with unfavourable data acquisition conditions (e.g., poor, regular or irregular sampling of sources and/or receivers), the underlying inverse problem is generally very ill-posed; sparsity promoting inversion coupled with fixed-basis sparsifying transforms has become the de-facto approach for many processing algorithms. Motivated by the ability of deep neural networks to identify compact representations of N-dimensional vector spaces, we propose to learn a mapping between the input seismic data and a latent manifold by means of an Autoencoder. The trained decoder is subsequently used as a nonlinear preconditioner for the inverse problem we wish to solve. Using joint deghosting and data reconstruction as an example, we show that nonlinear learned transforms outperform fixed-basis transforms and enable faster convergence to the sought solution (i.e, fewer applications of the forward and adjoint operators are required).
Highly reactive μ-carbido diiron tetraphenylporphine oxo-species: chemical generation and the oxidation ability

Abstract The multistep interaction of a μ-carbido diiron tetraphenylporphine complex and its imidazole derivative with tert-butylhydroperoxide tBuOOH were investigated in benzene at 298 K by UV–visible, IR spectroscopy and electrochemical study. The kinetics of the stepwise processes were studied and their rate constants k were obtained. The reaction of both non-ligated [FeIVTPP]2C (1) and [ImFeIVTPP]2C (2) with tBuOOH led to high-oxidized species generation following the coordination of a peroxide molecule on the metal center (k 1 = 2.8 M−1s−1) and homolytic cleavage of O–O bond in attached tBuOOH (k 2 = 3.1 s−1 for 1, k 2 = 12.8 s−1 for 2). [FeIVTPP]2C underwent one-electron ring oxidation to form a π-cation radical (k ox = 3.9 s−1) detected by UV–visible and IR spectroscopy. Imidazole-derivative formed a powerful oxidizing species that is able to oxidize the organic peroxide employed. The oxidant-intermediate reacting rapidly when produced in solution was proposed to be double-oxidized species due to its high reactivity (k red = 2660 M−1s−1). The results of UV–visible, IR, ESI-MS study supported the final products with Fe = C=Fe unit. Graphical Abstract
Effects of sofosbuvir-based therapy on the metabolic status of patients with chronic hepatitis C infection

Background: In patients with hepatitis, it is important to identify drug-induced metabolic effects to improve diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the effects of sofosbuvir-based therapy on the metabolic status of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Materials and Methods: In this observational before-after study, a total of 128 consecutive patients with chronic HCV infection, presenting to the Middle East Liver Disease Center (MELD) in Tehran, Iran, were enrolled. Metabolic indices, including triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and fasting blood sugar (FBS), were determined before and after sofosbuvir-based therapy. Results: The mean FBS level was 108.3±33.8 and 106.2±36.4 mg/dL before and after treatment, respectively (P>0.05). Also, the mean triglyceride level was 101.8±46.4 and 110.5±54.8 mg/dL before and after treatment, respectively (P=0.03). The findings showed that the mean total cholesterol level was 150.9±34.9 and 168.0±40 mg/dL before and after treatment, respectively (P=0.001). Also, the mean LDL-cholesterol level was 82.4±27.5 and 95.8±31.6 mg/dL before and after treatment (P=0.001), and the mean HDL-cholesterol was 44.1±13.1 and 46.9±13.4 mg/dL before and after treatment, respectively (P=0.01). Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that sofosbuvir-based therapy has effects on some metabolic parameters (lipid profile and blood glucose) of chronic HCV patients. Therefore, development of preventive strategies to reduce the burden of this disease seems necessary.