Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maximizing Thermal Entanglement of XY Model Using Site-Dependent Magnetic Fields in Specific Directions

我们在 two-qubit 借助于同时发生学习热纠纷各向同性的 XY 模型面对地点依赖者在任意的方向的外部磁场。 我们发现在给定的温度和磁场力量，关于 x-y 飞机的二个领域的镜子对称是为最大的纠纷的一个必要条件。 然而，如果地力量上没有限制，那么，为最大的纠纷的必要条件归结为二块地是垂直的配置，反平行并且与一样的力量。 我们也调查各向异性的 XY 模型并且发现上述结论差不多成立。
Stability analysis of the spatiotemporal Lugiato-Lefever model for Kerr optical frequency combs in the anomalous and normal dispersion regimes

We present a stability analysis of the Lugiato-Lefever model for Kerr optical frequency combs in whispering gallery mode resonators pumped in the anomalous dispersion regime. This article is the second part of a research work whose rst part was devoted to the regime of normal dispersion, and was presented in ref. [1]. The case of anomalous dispersion is indeed the most interesting from the theoretical point of view, because of the considerable variety of dynamical behaviors that can be observed. From a technological point of view, it is also the most relevant because it corresponds to the regime where Kerr combs are predominantly generated, studied, and used for dierent applications. In this article, we analyze the connection between the spatial patterns and the bifurcation structure of the eigenvalues associated to the various equilibria of the system. The bifurcation map evidences a considerable richness from a dynamical standpoint. We study in detail the emergence of superand sub-critical Turing patterns in the system. We determine the areas were bright isolated cavity solitons emerge, and we show that soliton molecules can emerge as well. Very complex temporal patterns can actually be observed in the system, where solitons (or soliton complexes) co-exist with or without mutual interactions. Our investigations also unveil the mechanism leading to the phenomenon of breathing solitons. Two routes to chaos in the system are identied, namely a route via the so called secondary combs, and another via soliton breathers. The Kerr combs corresponding to all these temporal patterns are analyzed in detail, and a discussion is led about the possibility to gain synthetic comprehension of the observed spectra out of the dynamical complexity of the system.
Proto‐Magnetars as GRB Central Engines: Uncertainties, Limitations, & Particulars

The millisecond proto‐magnetar model for the central engine of long‐duration gamma‐ray bursts is briefly reviewed. Limitations and uncertainties in the model are highlighted. A short discussion of the maximum energy, maximum duration, radiative efficiency, jet formation mechanism, late‐time energy injection, and (non‐)association with supernovae of millisecond magnetar‐powered GRBs is provided.
Enhanced photocurrent in solution processed electronically coupled CdSe nanocrystals thin films

We have demonstrated the fabrication of highly continuous and smooth CdSe semiconductor films containing self-assembled nanocrystals (NCs) using a simple, low cost solution-processed deposition technique. The impact of thermal annealing and ethanedithiol (EDT) treatment on oleate capped CdSe NCs films is illustrated. Post deposition EDT treatment enhances strong electron coupling between NCs by reducing the inter-particle distance, which enhances four orders of magnitude of photocurrent in the pn-device. Mild thermal annealing of NC films cause large redshift and significant broadening. Our findings suggest that NCs with short-range organic ligands are suitable for high-performance Thin-Film-Transistors and next generation high-efficiency photovoltaics.
Effects of Lycopene Attenuating Injuries in Ischemia and Reperfusion

Tissue and organ ischemia can lead to cell trauma, tissue necrosis, irreversible damage, and death. While intended to reverse ischemia, reperfusion can further aggravate an ischemic injury (ischemia-reperfusion injury, I/R injury) through a range of pathologic processes. An I/R injury to one organ can also harm other organs, leading to systemic multiorgan failure. A type of carotenoid, lycopene, has been shown to treat and prevent many diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, male infertility, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular disease), making it a hot research topic in health care. Some recent researches have suggested that lycopene can evidently ameliorate ischemic and I/R injuries to many organs, but few clinical studies are available. Therefore, it is essential to review the effects of lycopene on ischemic and I/R injuries to different organs, which may help further research into its potential clinical applications.
Efficient self-consistent quantum transport simulator for quantum devices

We present a self-consistent one-dimensional (1D) quantum transport simulator based on the Contact Block Reduction (CBR) method, aiming for very fast and robust transport simulation of 1D quantum devices. Applying the general CBR approach to 1D open systems results in a set of very simple equations that are derived and given in detail for the first time. The charge self-consistency of the coupled CBR-Poisson equations is achieved by using the predictor-corrector iteration scheme with the optional Anderson acceleration. In addition, we introduce a new way to convert an equilibrium electrostatic barrier potential calculated from an external simulator to an effective doping profile, which is then used by the CBR-Poisson code for transport simulation of the barrier under non-zero biases. The code has been applied to simulate the quantum transport in a double barrier structure and across a tunnel barrier in a silicon double quantum dot. Extremely fast self-consistent 1D simulations of the differential conductance across a tunnel barrier in the quantum dot show better qualitative agreement with experiment than non-self-consistent simulations.
MODEL TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DAN DAMPAK SOSIAL PADA MASA COVID 19

Keberadaan teknologi pada proses Pendidikan mempunyai kiprah yg penting pada mendukung pendidik & siswa buat saling berinteraksi. Ditinjau menurut ranah sosiologi, dalam dasarnya insan pada pada mencapai tujuan hidupnya selalu berkomunikasi, berinteraksi & menyesuaikan diri menggunakan sesama dan lingkungannya, baik secara pribadi juga ataupun sosial. Di tahun 2020, pandemi Covid-19 mengakibatkan global Pendidikan wajib mengalami transformasi metode aktivitas belajar mengajar ke mode dengan menggunakan pemanfaatan teknologi digital & jejaring internet. Tujuan penulisan ini merupakan buat mengetahui pentingnya teknologi Pendidikan bagi pendidik pada perkuliahan online dan dampak sosial pada pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian memakai kajian Pustaka secara naratif menggunakan pemilihan melalui artikel-artikel jurnal, buku, informasi & peraturan perundangan-undangan yg relevan. Penelitian ini menghasikan bahwa, teknologi Pendidikan bisa memperlancar perkuliahan online baik bagi pendidik & siswa dan berdampak bagi kehiduapn sosial pada masa pandemi Covid-19 The existence of information and communication technology in the education process has a crucial role in supporting educators and students to interact with each other. Viewed from the realm of sociology, basically humans in achieving their life goals always communicate, interact and adapt with each other and their environment as well, either directly or indirectly. In 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic has caused the education world to undergo transformation on the methods of teaching and learning activities to indirect mode with the use of digital technology and internet networks. The purpose of this writing is to determine the importance of educational technology and information systems for educators in online lectures during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research uses descriptive literature review by selecting sources of information and data through journal articles, books, news and legislation relevant to the problem. The results show that educational technology and information systems can facilitate online lectures for both educators and students during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Arithmeticity and topology of smooth actions of higher rank abelian groups

We prove that any smooth action of $\mathbb Z^{m-1}, m\ge 3$ on an $m$-dimensional manifold that preserves a measure such that all non-identity elements of the suspension have positive entropy is essentially algebraic, i.e. isomorphic up to a finite permutation to an affine action on the torus or its factor by $\pm\Id$. Furthermore this isomorphism has nice geometric properties, in particular, it is smooth in the sense of Whitney on a set whose complement has arbitrary small measure. We further derive restrictions on topology of manifolds that may admit such actions, for example, excluding spheres and obtaining below estimate on the first Betti number in the odd-dimensional case.
Monitoring dryland trees with remote sensing. Part B: Combining tree cover and plant architecture data to assess degradation and recovery of Argania spinosa woodlands of South Morocco

The argan woodlands of South Morocco represent an open-canopy dryland forest with traditional silvopastoral usage that includes browsing by goats, sheep and camels, oil production as well as agricultural use. In the past, these forests have undergone extensive clearing, but are now protected by the state. However, the remaining argan woodlands are still under pressure from intensive grazing and illegal firewood collection. Although the argan-forest area seems to be overall decreasing due to large forest clearings for intensive agriculture, little quantitative data is available on the dynamics and overall state of the remaining argan forest. To determine how the argan woodlands in the High Atlas and the Anti-Atlas had changed in tree-crown cover from 1972 to 2018 we used historical black and white HEXAGON satellite images as well as recent WorldView satellite images (see Part A of our study). Because tree shadows can oftentimes not be separated from the tree crown on panchromatic satellite images, individual trees were mapped in three size categories to determine if trees were unchanged, had decreased/increased in crown size or had disappeared or newly grown. The current state of the argan trees was evaluated by mapping tree architectures in the field. Tree-cover changes varied highly between the test sites. Trees that remained unchanged between 1972 and 2018 were in the majority, while tree mortality and tree establishment were nearly even. Small unchanged trees made up 48.4% of all remaining trees, of these 51% showed degraded tree architectures. 40% of small (re-) grown trees were so overbrowsed that they only appeared as bushes, while medium (3–7 m crown diameter) and large trees (>7 m) showed less degraded trees regardless if they had changed or not. Approaches like grazing exclusion or cereal cultivation lead to a positive influence on tree architecture and less tree-cover decrease. Although the woodland was found to be mostly unchanged 1972–2018, the analysis of tree architecture reveals that a lot of (mostly small) trees remained stable but in a degraded state. This stability might be the result of the small trees’ high degradation status and shows the heavy pressure on the argan forest.
Plasmonic resonances at interfaces patterned by nanoparticle lattices

The reflection and scattering of light from surfaces is a topic that has been much discussed in the scientific literature. The application of optical methods for the characterization of surfaces and the understanding of natural phenomena is dependent on good models for the optical properties of surfaces and interfaces. In this work, we will examine three different aspects of the optical properties of surfaces and interfaces.The measurement of polarization effects of surfaces is dependent on wellperforming Mueller matrix ellipsometers. While designing Mueller matrix ellipsometers for a single wavelength is trivial, the design of broad-band imaging ellipsometers is a much more challenging problem. We discuss the use of genetic algorithms to optimize such ellipsometers in a very general fashion, and apply them to ellipsometers based on various liquid crystal technologies. The results include an ellipsometer design which was patented, and which outperforms previous designs both in terms of spectral bandwidth and noise propagation.Recent progress in the ability to manipulate matter on the nanoscale has led to great interest in the biological, chemical, and physical properties of nanoparticles and nano-sized structures. Depositing nanoparticles on top of a surface modifies the optical properties of both the particles as well as the substrate: any optical resonances that the particle(s) possess are modified by the substrate, and the reflectivity of the substrate is changed due to the presence of the particles. The electromagnetic interactions between nanoparticles and substrate are here investigated in the quasistatic regime, with discussion of both small clusters of nanoparticles as well as (infinite) periodic lattices of nanoparticles deposited on a substrate. The results include analysis of the interactions and resonances found in nanoparticle clusters deposited on a substrate.When light is incident on surfaces possessing random roughness or structure, the light is scattered according to the statistical properties of the surface. While there has been significant progress on surface scattering from surfaces with one-dimensional surface profile functions, less attention has been devoted to numerical models of surfaces possessing two-dimensional surface profiles. The main reason for this is that the solution of these models requires a large amount of computational power, even by today’s standards. We attempt to shed some light on optical effects observed in scattering from two-dimensional rough surfaces, with some focus on polarization effects, which are absent in scattering from one-dimensional surfaces. The Mueller matrix for a rough surface is also calculated, and describes the full polarization effects of rough surface scattering.
Stable vector bundles on an algebraic surface

Let X be a non-singular projective algebraic curve over an algebraically closed field k. D. Mumford introduced the notion of stable vector bundles on X as follows; DEFINITION ([7]). A vector bundle E on X is stable if and only if for any non-trivial quotient bundle F of E, where deg ( • ) denotes the degree of the first Chern class of a vector bundles and r( • ) denotes the rank of a vector bundle.
A deep Chandra observation of the poor cluster AWM 4 – I. Properties of the central radio galaxy and its effects on the intracluster medium

Using observations from the Chandra X‐ray Observatory and Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, we examine the interaction between the intracluster medium and central radio source in the poor cluster AWM 4. In the Chandraobservation a small cool core or galactic corona is resolved coincident with the radio core. This corona is capable of fuelling the active nucleus, but must be inefficiently heated by jet interactions or conducti on, possibly precluding a feedback relationship between the radio source and cluster. A lack of clearly detected X‐ray cavities suggests that the radio lobes are only partially filled by rel ativistic plasma. We estimate a filling factor of � =0.21 (3� upper limit � < 0:42) for the better constrained east lobe. We consider the particle population in the jets and lobes, and fi nd that the standard equipartition assumptions predict pressures and ages which agree poorly with X‐ray estimates. Including an electron population extending to low Lorentz factors either reduces (min = 100) or removes (min = 10) the pressure imbalance between the lobes and their environment. Pressure balance can also be achieved by entrainment of thermal gas, probably in the first few kiloparsecs of the radio jets. We estimate the mechanical power output of the radio galaxy, and find it to be marginally capable of balancing radiative cooling.
The quest for complex molecules in space: laboratory spectroscopy of n-butyl cyanide, n-C4H9CN, in the millimeter wave region and its astronomical search in Sagittarius B2(N)

Context. The saturated n-propyl cyanide was recently detected in Sagittarius B2(N). The next largest unbranched alkyl cyanide is n-butyl cyanide. Aims. We provide accurate rest frequency predictions beyond the millimeter wave range to search for this molecule in the Galactic center source Sagittarius B2(N) and facilitate its detection in space. Methods. We investigated the laboratory rotational spectrum of n-butyl cyanide between 75 GHz and 348 GHz. We searched for emission lines produced by the molecule in our sensitive IRAM 30 m molecular line survey of Sagittarius B2(N). Results. We identified more than one thousand rotational transitions in the laboratory for each of the three conformers for which limited data had been obtained previously in a molecular beam microwave study. The quantum number range was greatly extended to J ≈ 120 or more and Ka > 35, resulting in accurate spectroscopic parameters and accurate rest frequency calculations up to about 500 GHz for strong to moderately weak transitions of the two lower energy conformers. Upper limits to the column densities of N ≤ 3 × 10 15 cm −2 and 8 × 10 15 cm −2 were derived towards Sagittarius B2(N) for the two lower energy conformers, anti-anti and gauche-anti, respectively. Conclusions. Our present data will be helpful for identifying n-butyl cyanide at millimeter or longer wavelengths with radio telescope arrays such as ALMA, NOEMA, or EVLA. In particular, its detection in Sagittarius B2(N) with ALMA seems feasible.
IMPACT OF BACKGROUND FLOW ON DISSOLUTION TRAPPING OF CARBON DIOXIDE INJECTED INTO SALINE AQUIFERS

While there has been a large interest in studying the role of dissolution-driven free convection in the context of geological sequestration, the contribution of forced convection has been largely ignored. This manu- script considers CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers with natural background ow and uses theoretical arguments to compute the critical background veloc- ity needed to establish the forced convective regime. The theoretical arguments are supported by two dimensional high-resolution numerical simulations which demonstrate the importance of forced convection in enhancing dissolution in aquifers characterised by low Rayleigh numbers. Geological storage of carbon dioxide in deep saline aquifers is considered to be one of the key technological solutions to mitigating carbon emissions in the near future (IPCC (2005)). Under the thermodynamic conditions at which CO2 is injected into subsurface formations, CO2 exists in a supercritical state with a density that is lower than that of brine in the medium. Due to this dierence in density, CO 2 rises to the top of the domain and containment is achieved by the presence of an overlying low-permeability caprock. Due to the tremendous importance of understanding the processes leading to storage security of injected carbon dioxide, there has been a large body of published literature exploring the dierent trapping mechanisms. The physical processes that play a role at increasing timescales are (i) physical trapping due to the caprock, (ii) residual trapping of bubbles of CO2 in the porous rock, (iii) dissolution trapping due to the slow dissolution of CO2 into the brine and (iv) mineral trapping due to chemical reactions between dissoved carbon dioxide and host rocks. The work presented in this manuscript is concerned with dissolution trapping mechanism under dierent aquifer ow conditions. Experimental data has shown that the dissolution of CO2 into brine produces a weak density contrast, with CO2 saturated brine being slightly denser than unsaturated brine. Most recent work in this area has focused on the free convective mixing that can arise due to this dierence in density.
Fluid Resuscitation and Inotropic Support in Patients With Septic Shock Treated in Pediatric Emergency Department: An Open-Label Trial

Introduction Fluid resuscitation and inotropic support are essential interventions to improve cardiovascular function in patients with septic shock. However, the optimal volume of fluids and the timing of inotropic support to achieve the resolution of shock are controversial. They may depend on the availability of critical care support services. Aims To compare early versus the delayed start of epinephrine administration after fluids bolus in children with septic shock. Methods We conducted an open-label randomized trial in which patients under 18 years of age diagnosed with septic shock and arterial hypotension were treated in two Pediatric Emergency Departments in Paraguay (Hospital de Clinicas of Universidad Nacional de Asunción and Instituto Privado del Niño) between 2015 and 2020. Septic shock was defined according to the American College of Critical Care Medicine (ACCM) guidelines. All patients received antibiotics and 40 ml/kg of fluids (two boluses of 20ml/kg if there were no signs of fluid overload) during the first hour. They were then divided into two groups: Group 1 received epinephrine infusion and maintenance fluids. Group 2 received an additional 20 ml/kg of fluids and then was started on epinephrine infusion. Results Of 229 patients screened, 63 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 2.8±3.5 years. A total of 52% were female. Group 1 comprised 33 patients, and group 2 comprised a total of 30. Significant differences were found between group 1 and group 2 in the following: mortality (10% vs. 33%, p: 0.026, RR: 3.1, CI: 95%: 1-10), need for mechanical ventilation (10% vs. 41%, p: 0.006, RR: 4, CI: 95%: 1.3-12), and altered vascular hypoperfusion after one hour of interventions (7% vs. 59%, p<0,001, RR: 8.2, CI: 95%: 2-32). Conclusions Early administration of epinephrine infusion after initial fluid therapy was associated with better clinical outcomes than delayed administration.
Impacts of Precautionary and Opportunistic Buying Behaviors and Supply Issues on Supply Chain Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic

This paper proposes a text analytics approach using dictionary-based clustering, word counting data, and discrete regression modeling to study the relationship between demand behaviors and supply issues affecting supply chain resilience during the first stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The work used news and media articles gathered from the LexisNexis database covering 5 months between February and July 2020. The data analyses describe the general patterns in the news texts by using text mining techniques, and the methodology describes the relationship between consumer behavior, supply chain issues, and the reduced level of service shown during the study period. Demand behaviors include precautionary and opportunistic buying, which affected many countries and could be the result of a lack of perceived control and other factors; for example, near-empty shelves of certain products could have prompted consumers to increasingly look for comparable products, driving up demand. Additionally, the method explored the potential effect of strategies to mitigate impacts on the resilience of supply chains. The results confirmed that buying behaviors and a reduction in the capacity of the supply chain led to a lower level of service being perceived by consumers, however, resilience strategies were found to mitigate the impact of such capacity reductions. Empirical analyses showed that the proposed approach, using data extracted from the news, could identify and represent impacts consistent with expectations from the supply chain field under disruptions, and quantify the magnitude of the impacts as the pandemic evolved, providing more information for decision making.