Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Some Interactions Are More Equal Than Others: The Effect of Influencer Endorsements in Social Media Brand Posts on Engagement and Online Store Performance

This study investigates the value of influencer endorsement within brand-owned social media posts in terms of engagement and online store performance. Specifically, it focuses on how endorser-caused engagement translates to online store performance. The authors examine metrics that capture short-term performance (online shop visits and immediate sales) by tracking immediate responses to social media posts. They conduct an empirical analysis based on real Facebook posts published over 1.5 years by a leading European online fashion retailer that targets young adults. To confirm results and shed light on the underlying mechanisms, the authors further conduct a randomized online experiment (N = 305) that mimics the field study. They find that influencer endorsements are associated with increased engagement and that engagement is associated with higher online store performance. The results show that endorsement negatively moderates the effect of engagement because it distracts from the products (i.e., the “vampire effect”). The authors conclude that consumers’ underlying intentions of engaging with social media posts vary, which implies that engagement caused by an endorser has less economic value than engagement motivated by other (e.g., product-related) reasons. From a practical perspective, social media brand post endorsement should be considered a tool for brand marketing rather than for performance marketing, and social media metrics should be interpreted with care, because not all engagement may help online store performance.
Modeling and Control of a Microgrid Using a Hybrid Energy Storage System with Supercapacitors

Lead-acid batteries have traditionally been used for energy storage in microgrid applications. Implementing an Energy Management System (EMS)-controlled supercapacitor (SC) and lead-acid battery hybrid energy storage system (HESS) has been shown to reduce operational costs by extending battery lifetimes. The SCs can be controlled to provide the high-frequency, power-dense component of the load power, which reduces the daily cyclical stress and state-of-charge (SOC) depletion of the lead-acid batteries; however, the HESS must be appropriately sized based on cost constraints, available power sources, and load demand. The enabling theory and design of a SIMULINK model of a DC microgrid are discussed in this thesis. The results obtained from this model illustrate the energy exchange between microgrid components, demonstrate some of the potential benefits of implementing a HESS, and provide useful data for battery and SC sizing. The DC microgrid model is scalable and can use any user-defined combination of source and load profiles. In islanded mode, the lead-acid battery and SC banks need to be unrealistically large to provide adequate power to the load. In grid-connected mode, the HESS sizing requirements are significantly reduced, and the overall energy savings of the system are improved.
Evolutionary Divergence and Radula Diversification in Two Ecomorphs from an Adaptive Radiation of Freshwater Snails

(1) Background: Adaptive diversification of complex traits plays a pivotal role in the evolution of organismal diversity. In the freshwater snail genus Tylomelania, adaptive radiations were likely promoted by trophic specialization via diversification of their key foraging organ, the radula. (2) Methods: To investigate the molecular basis of radula diversification and its contribution to lineage divergence, we used tissue-specific transcriptomes of two sympatric Tylomelania sarasinorum ecomorphs. (3) Results: We show that ecomorphs are genetically divergent lineages with habitat-correlated abundances. Sequence divergence and the proportion of highly differentially expressed genes are significantly higher between radula transcriptomes compared to the mantle and foot. However, the same is not true when all differentially expressed genes or only non-synonymous SNPs are considered. Finally, putative homologs of some candidate genes for radula diversification (hh, arx, gbb) were also found to contribute to trophic specialization in cichlids and Darwin’s finches. (4) Conclusions: Our results are in line with diversifying selection on the radula driving Tylomelania ecomorph divergence and indicate that some molecular pathways may be especially prone to adaptive diversification, even across phylogenetically distant animal groups.
Empirical evaluation of the delivery risk of extended supply chains

The rise in global sourcing has led to extended supply chains. Extended supply chains generally have more mode changes, border crossings, rail classification yards, port congestion and so forth, that all lead to more delivery disruption risk. To test this assertion, we perform an empirical assessment of the inbound supply chain disruption risk at a major manufacturer that imports components from over three dozen different countries. Although delivery disruption risk can be mitigated with effort, we observe that delivery disruption risk increases with distance. Based on industrial data, we quantify the increase in delivery disruption with international versus domestic suppliers and intercontinental versus continental suppliers.
From Edge City to City?

Abstract Problem, research strategy and findings This century’s planning challenge is one of retrofitting suburbia. As relatively compact suburban forms, edge cities may be the most amenable to retrofit. In the 30 years since the publication of Garreau’s Edge City, to what extent and in what ways have planning intentions changed to favor greater urbanity in edge cities? Across 10 indicators, we examined planning intentions covering 117 of 123 edge cities identified in 1991. Content analysis of plans revealed the mixed intentions for individual edge cities and for different edge cities across metropolitan regions, but also strong and consistent intentions for a large minority of edge cities we label cities in the making. Our findings underline the limited appeal of the concept to the public, politicians, and planners. Takeaways for practice Across a range of indicative intentions, planning frameworks can be strengthened with a view to fostering greater urbanity in edge cities. Plans covering edge cities continue to lack the spatial and numeric specificity that would help ensure better implementation of stated intentions. Plans covering edge cities could usefully have a more joined-up or consistent approach across different but interrelated intentions.
Simulation Requirements and Relevant Load Conditions in the Design of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines

Aligned with work performed in deliverable D7.7 of the H2020 project LIFES50+, this study supports the definition of the numerical setup in the design of floating offshore wind turbines. The results of extensive simulation studies are presented, which focus particularly on determining the requirements for the load simulations in the design process. The analysis focusses on the cases of: (1) fatigue during power production and (2) ultimate loads during power production and severe sea state. For the fatigue load case, sensitivity study is performed in order to determine relevant load conditions and the expected impact of a variation in the environmental loading. Additionally, focus is put on the requirements regarding the run-in time, number of seeds and the simulation length for both fatigue and ultimate limit state (FLS, ULS) analysis. Another topic addressed is the benefit of using an increased number of seeds rather than extending the simulation time of single seeds, when a given total simulation time is required as described in the guidelines. The run-in time may be shortened when using predetermined steady states as initial conditions. Requirements for the steady state simulations are also determined and presented.
The Identification of Broomcorn Millet bZIP Transcription Factors, Which Regulate Growth and Development to Enhance Stress Tolerance and Seed Germination

Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a water-efficient and highly salt-tolerant plant. In this study, the salt tolerance of 17 local species of broomcorn millet was evaluated through testing based on the analysis of the whitening time and the germination rate of their seeds. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that PmbZIP131, PmbZIP125, PmbZIP33, PmABI5, PmbZIP118, and PmbZIP97 are involved in seed germination under salt stress. Seedling stage expression analysis indicates that PmABI5 expression was induced by treatments of high salt (200 mM NaCl), drought (20% W/V PEG6000), and low temperature (4 °C) in seedlings of the salt-tolerant variety Y9. The overexpression of PmABI5 significantly increases the germination rate and root traits of Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic lines, with root growth and grain traits significantly enhanced compared to the wild type (Nipponbare). BiFC showed that PmABI5 undergoes homologous dimerization in addition to forming a heterodimer with either PmbZIP33 or PmbZIP131. Further yeast one-hybrid experiments showed that PmABI5 and PmbZIP131 regulate the expression of PmNAC1 by binding to the G-box in the promoter. These results indicate that PmABI5 can directly regulate seed germination and seedling growth and indirectly improve the salt tolerance of plants by regulating the expression of the PmNAC1 gene through the formation of heterodimers with PmbZIP131.
Social Scripts and Expectancy Violations: Evaluating Communication with Human or AI Chatbot Interactants

ABSTRACT As artificial intelligence (AI) agents like chatbots play larger roles in daily life, questions arise regarding how people evaluate their communication. Perspectives applying communication scripts to human-AI interactions propose that outcomes are determined by messages and the embedded cues therein. The expectancy violations perspective posits that message characteristics are less important than whether they are expected or unexpected. A pilot study established baseline expectancies about humans’ and chatbots’ conversational contingency and response latencies. A 2 (contingency: more/less contingent responses) × 2 (latency: fast/slow responses) × 2 (communicator identity: human/chatbot) experiment then tested predictions derived from human-human communication scripts and expectancy violations using textual variations in an e-commerce chat. Communicators showing greater conversational contingency and faster responses were most credible, whether they were human or chatbots, but chatbots were consistently less socially attractive than humans. Results show that humans and chatbots are evaluated similarly regarding the functional, but not the relational aspects of communication. There was greater support for the communication script perspective than the expectancy violations perspective regarding interactions with chatbots.
Receipt of Baseline Laboratory Testing Recommended by the HIV Medicine Association for People Initiating HIV Care, United States, 2015–2019

Abstract Background The HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Disease Society of America publishes Primary Care Guidance for Persons with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. We assessed receipt of recommended baseline tests among newly diagnosed patients initiating HIV care. Methods The Medical Monitoring Project is a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention survey designed to produce nationally representative estimates of behavioral and clinical characteristics of adults with diagnosed HIV in the United States. We analyzed data for 725 participants in the 2015–2019 data collection cycles who received an HIV diagnosis within the past 2 years and had ≥1 HIV provider visit. We estimated the prevalence of having recommended tests after the first HIV provider visit and between 3 months before and 3/6 months after the first HIV provider visit and estimated prevalence differences of having 4 combinations of tests by sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Results Within 6 months of care initiation, HIV monitoring tests were performed for 91.3% (95% CI, 88.7%–93.8%) of patients; coinfection blood tests, 27.5% (95% CI, 22.5%–32.4%); site-based STI tests, 59.7% (95% CI, 55.4%–63.9%); and blood chemistry and hematology tests, 50.8% (95% CI, 45.8%–55.8%). Patients who were younger, gay, or bisexual were more likely to receive site-based STI tests, and patients receiving care at Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program (RWHAP)–funded facilities were more likely than patients at non-RWHAP-funded facilities to receive all test combinations. Conclusions Receipt of recommended baseline tests among patients initiating HIV care was suboptimal but was more likely among patients at RWHAP-funded facilities. Embedding clinical decision support in HIV provider workflow could increase recommended baseline testing.
Quantification and removal of carbonaceous impurities in a surfactant-assisted carbon nanotube dispersion and its implication on electronic properties

Carbonaceous impurities (CIs) affect the optoelectronic properties as well as the ability to use absorption spectroscopy to estimate the metallic content of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) dispersion. Therefore, a method for the accurate quantification and removal of CIs is required. We have devised methods to characterize and quantify CIs present in SWNT batches and to determine the effects of CIs on the optical and electrical properties of SWNT. Quantitative determination of CIs stems from the finding that chloroform selectively disperses CIs present in SWNT batches. CIs separated by dispersing the as-purchased SWNT batch in chloroform have the morphology of defective and agglomerated few-layered graphenes, whose sizes and locations depend on SWNT batches. Moreover, CIs exhibit a featureless UV-vis-mid-wavelength IR (MWIR) absorption curve and an extinction coefficient comparable to graphenes and show difference with carbon black, which is frequently used as the CI reference. The MWIR region that shows least absorptions caused by the transition of various SWNT types was utilized to assess the significant contribution made by CIs present in a surfactant-assisted SWNT dispersion, showing about 12–19 wt% of CIs in various SWNT dispersions. In addition, the extraction of CIs with chloroform results in a highly purified SWNT batch without any diameter distribution change originating from oxidative damage as compared to the commercially available purified SWNT batch. Finally, we found that increasing the weight of CIs present in a SWNT dispersion strongly lowers the thermal conductivity of a SWNT film when compared with the electrical conductivity. This study provides a way to understand the negative effects that CI has on the optoelectronic properties of SWNTs as well as the beneficial effects of excluding ubiquitous CIs in SWNTs batches.
Cascaded Fiber Up-Taper Modal Interferometer and Its Application as Fiber Sensor

A cascaded fiber up-taper interferometer (CFI) is proposed and demonstrated analytically and experimentally. The sensor head of the CFI consists of two cascaded miniaturized fiber up-taper modal interferometers (MMIs). Sensing principle of the CFI is derived based on the transmission matrix method. Conclusions have been achieved that cascading MMIs can effectively improve its thermal sensitivity while strain sensitivity is reduced compared with that of the single MMI. Experimentally, thermal sensitivity of the CFI can reach 112.9 pm/°C, and almost two times as big as that of the single MMI. In contrast, its strain sensitivity is only −0.4 pm/μϵ, which is only 2/5 as small as that of the single MMI.
Magnetohydrodynamics Flow Past a Moving Vertical Thin Needle in a Nanofluid with Stability Analysis

In this study, we intend to present the dynamics of a system based on the model of convective heat and mass transfer in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow past a moving vertical thin needle in nanofluid. The problem is formulated in mathematical form by using Buongiorno’s model with the modified boundary condition. The transformed boundary layer ordinary differential equations are solved numerically using the bvp4c function in MATLAB software. The effects of the involved parameters, including, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, magnetic field, mixed convection, needle size and velocity ratio parameter on the flow, heat and mass transfer coefficients are analyzed. The numerical results obtained for the skin friction coefficients, local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number, as well as the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are graphically presented and have been discussed in detail. The study reveals that the dual solutions appear when the needle and the buoyancy forces oppose the direction of the fluid motion, and the range of the dual solutions existing depends largely on the needle size and magnetic parameter. The presence of the magnetic field in this model reduces the coefficient of the skin friction and heat transfer, while it increases the coefficient of the mass transfer on the needle surface. A stability analysis has been performed to identify which of the solutions obtained are linearly stable and physically relevant. It is noticed that the upper branch solutions are stable, while the lower branch solutions are not.
Internet Addiction as One of the Main Types of Addiction in Modern High-School Students

Nowadays, the Internet is a tool that is becoming imperative in everyday life. The pandemic in the modern world has exacerbated the problem of Internet addiction, creating the conditions for humanity to stay longer online. Since the majority of users are adolescents and young people, they form the main risk group, which is prone to Internet addiction. The purpose of the study was to explore the features of Internet addiction in high school students in modern Ukrainian society. The study included a comprehensive approach, which provided a combination of the following methods: theoretical (analysis, synthesis, generalisation, and systematisation of conceptual provisions on the problem under study); empirical (testing, in particular the method: “Chen Internet Addiction Scale” (CIAS adapted by L. Maligin, K. Feklisov); method of statistical processing. The paper reveals the problem of Internet addiction in high school students in modern conditions, the problems that arise in connection with such dependence, and considers the symptoms of Internet addiction and the reasons for its development. The study discusses the results of the investigation of Internet addiction in high school students, and also reveals differences in components of Internet addiction in adolescents with different levels of addiction. The findings show that most high-school students are prone to Internet addiction, which necessitates timely primary prevention of Internet addiction, starting in adolescence. In addition, a comparative analysis found that subjects with persistent Internet-dependent behaviour were more likely to have compulsive symptoms, withdrawal symptoms, tolerance symptoms, intrapersonal and health problems, time management problems, and stress
High frequency analytical modelling and performance comparison of nanoscale SOI MOS structures

ABSTRACT A generalized high frequency analytical model of nanoscale Semiconductor-On-Insulator (SOI) MOS structure, valid for different competitive nanoscale SOI MOS structures is developed. Interface roughness and trap-charge effects are incorporated in addition to different common short channel effects to make the model valid for SOI structures with non-native gate dielectrics. Analytical models for threshold voltage, current-voltage, conductance, cut-off frequency and noise factor have been derived starting from basic 2D Poisson’s equation with some innovative modifications. Performances of three competitive MOSFET structures – Silicon-On-Insulator (SiOI), Germanium-On-Insulator (GeOI) and Gallium arsenide-On-Insulator (GaOI) have been simulated and compared. It has been found that the overall performance of the structure is determined by combined effects of different material, structural and operation parameters, which may or may not improve the performance of the structure when considered individually. As an example, when higher channel mobility of GaAsOI tries to improve its performance, lower intrinsic carrier concentration, higher interface roughness, trap-charge etc. try to limit its performance. This work demonstrated that a trade-off or parameter optimization is vital for effective selection of one structure over others.
Likelihood divergence statistics for testing hypotheses about multiple population

The problem of introducing divergence-based statistics to test composite hypotheses related to s populations is still open when sample sizes are not equal. On the basis of likelihood divergence statistics, a statistical procedure is introduced in this paper and its large sample behaviour is studied. By using Renyi divergence, the proposed statistical procedure is applied to the problem of testing for the homogeneity of several variances. Members of the family of likelihood Renyi divergence statistics are compared for power and checked for fidelity to type I error rates with some classical test statistics. Results of the Monte Carlo simulation study are discussed and presented in tables.
Spectral-spatial hyperspectral image classification based on capsule network with limited training samples

ABSTRACT For hyperspectral images, the classification problem of limited training samples is an enormous challenge, and the lack of training samples is an essential factor that affects the classification accuracy. Making full use of the rich spectral and spatial information contained in hyperspectral images can achieve a high-precision classification of hyperspectral images with limited training samples. This paper proposed a new spectral-spatial feature extraction method and constructed a new classification framework for limited training samples. In our work, deep reinforcement learning is used to process the spectral features of hyperspectral images, and then the selected bands with the most information are used to extract the spatial features by extended morphological profiles. Finally, the hyperspectral image after feature extraction is classified by the capsule network, which is more effective at exploiting the relationships between hyperspectral imaging features in the spectral-spatial domain. We conducted classification experiments on five well-known hyperspectral image data sets. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method can better extract the spectral and spatial features in hyperspectral images, achieve higher classification accuracy with limited training samples, and reduce computational and time complexity.