Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hamiltonian Characterization for Dipolar Coupled Spin Systems

Measuring the Hamiltonian of dipolar coupled spin systems is usually a difficult task due to the high complexity of their spectra. Currently, molecules with unknown geometrical structure and low symmetry are extremely tedious or impossible to analyze by sheer spectral fitting. We present a novel method that addresses the problem of spectral analysis, and report experimental results of extracting, by spectral fitting, the parameters of an oriented 6-spin system with very low symmetry in structure, without using a priori knowledge or assumptions on the molecular geometry or order parameters. The advantages of our method are achieved with the use of a new spectral analysis algorithm - NAFONS (Non-Assigned Frequency Optimization of NMR Spectra), and by the use of simplified spectra obtained by transition selective pulses. This new method goes beyond the limit of spectral analysis for dipolar coupled spin systems and is helpful for related fields, such as quantum computation and molecular structure analysis.
Multi-source joint domain adaptation for cross-subject and cross-session emotion recognition from electroencephalography

As an important component to promote the development of affective brain–computer interfaces, the study of emotion recognition based on electroencephalography (EEG) has encountered a difficult challenge; the distribution of EEG data changes among different subjects and at different time periods. Domain adaptation methods can effectively alleviate the generalization problem of EEG emotion recognition models. However, most of them treat multiple source domains, with significantly different distributions, as one single source domain, and only adapt the cross-domain marginal distribution while ignoring the joint distribution difference between the domains. To gain the advantages of multiple source distributions, and better match the distributions of the source and target domains, this paper proposes a novel multi-source joint domain adaptation (MSJDA) network. We first map all domains to a shared feature space and then align the joint distributions of the further extracted private representations and the corresponding classification predictions for each pair of source and target domains. Extensive cross-subject and cross-session experiments on the benchmark dataset, SEED, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, where more significant classification results are obtained on the more difficult cross-subject emotion recognition task.
Pair-bonding and social experience modulate new neurons survival in adult male and female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)

Prairie voles are a socially monogamous species that, after cohabitation with mating, form enduring pair bonds. The plastic mechanisms involved in this social behavior are not well-understood. Neurogenesis in adult rodents is a plastic neural process induced in specific brain areas like the olfactory bulbs (OB) and dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. However, it is unknown how cell survival is modulated by social or sexual experience in prairie voles. This study aimed to evaluate if cohabitation with mating and/or social exposure to a vole of the opposite sex increased the survival of the new cells in the main and accessory OB and DG. To identify the new cells and evaluate their survival, voles were injected with the DNA synthesis marker 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and were randomly distributed into one of the following groups: (A) Control (C), voles that did not receive any sexual stimulation and were placed alone during the behavioral test. (B) Social exposure (SE), voles were individually placed in a cage equally divided into two compartments by an acrylic screen with small holes. One male and one female were placed in opposite compartments. (C) Social cohabitation with mating (SCM), animals mated freely. Our findings demonstrated that SCM females had increases in the number of new cells (BrdU-positive cells) in the main olfactory bulb and new mature neurons (BrdU/NeuN-positive cells) in the glomerular layer (GlL). In contrast, these new cells decrease in males in the SE and SCM conditions. In the granular cell layer (GrL), SCM females had more new cells and neurons than the SE group. In the accessory olfactory bulb, in the anterior GlL, SCM decreased the number of new cells and neurons in females. On the other hand, in the DG, SCM and SE increase the number of new cells in the suprapyramidal blade in female voles. Males from SCM express more new cells and neurons in the infrapyramidal blade compared with SE group. Comparison between male and females showed that new cells/neurons survival was sex dependent. These results suggest that social interaction and sexual behavior modulate cell survival and influence the neuronal fate in a sex-dependent manner, in the OB and DG. This study will contribute to understand neural mechanisms of complex social and pair bond behaviors in the prairie voles; supporting adult neurogenesis as a plastic mechanism potentially involved in social monogamous strategy.
Field effect tuning of microwave Faraday rotation and isolation with large-area graphene

We have demonstrated field effect tuning of microwave frequency Faraday rotation in magnetically biased large-area graphene in a hollow circular waveguide isolator geometry. Oxidized intrinsic silicon was used as a microwave transparent back-gate for large-area graphene devices. A 26 dB modulation of isolation in the K-band was achieved with a gate voltage modulation of 10 V corresponding to a carrier density modulation of 7×1011/cm2. We have developed a simple analytical model for transmission and isolation of the structure. Field effect modulation of Faraday rotation can be extended to other two dimensional electronic systems and is anticipated to be useful for gate voltage controlled isolators, circulators, and other non-reciprocal devices.
The expanding impact of T-regs in the skin

As the interface between the body and the environment, the skin functions as the physical barrier against external pathogens and toxic agents. In addition, the skin is an immunologically active organ with a plethora of resident adaptive and innate immune cells, as well as effector molecules that provide another layer of protection in the form of an immune barrier. A major subpopulation of these immune cells are the Foxp3 expressing CD4 T cells or regulatory T cells (T-regs). The canonical function of T-regs is to keep other immune cells in check during homeostasis or to dissipate a robust inflammatory response following pathogen clearance or wound healing. Interestingly, recent data has uncovered unconventional roles that vary between different tissues and we will highlight the emerging non-lymphoid functions of cutaneous T-regs. In light of the novel functions of other immune cells that are routinely being discovered in the skin, their regulation by T-regs implies that T-regs have executive control over a broad swath of biological activities in both homeostasis and disease. The blossoming list of non-inflammatory functions, whether direct or indirect, suggests that the role of T-regs in a regenerative organ such as the skin will be a field ripe for discovery for decades to come.
Complement-mediated serum bactericidal activity of antibodies elicited by the Shigella sonnei GMMA vaccine in adults from a shigellosis-endemic country: Exploratory analysis of a Phase 2a randomized study

Shigella is associated with a significant burden of disease worldwide among individuals of all ages and is the major cause of moderate and severe diarrhea in children under five years of age in low- and middle-income countries. Several candidate vaccines against Shigella species are currently under clinical development. The investigational 1790GAHB vaccine against Shigella sonnei is based on GMMA (Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens) technology. The vaccine was well tolerated and induced high antibody levels in early-phase clinical trials in both Shigella-endemic and non-endemic settings. The present analysis assessed the bactericidal activity of antibodies induced by 1790GAHB in healthy Kenyan adults during a phase 2a, controlled, randomized study (NCT02676895). Participants received two doses of 1790GAHB 4 weeks apart containing either 1.5/25 µg or 6/100 µg O antigen/protein, or active comparator vaccines (Control). Serum bactericidal activity (SBA) against S. sonnei was assessed at pre-vaccination (D1), 28 days post-first dose (D29) and 28 days post-second dose (D57), using a luminescence-based assay. Most participants had SBA titers above the lower limit of quantification of the assay at D1. SBA geometric mean titers increased 3.4-fold in the 1.5/25 µg group and 6.3-fold in the 6/100 µg group by D29 and were maintained at D57. There was no increase in SBA geometric mean titers in the Control group. A strong correlation was observed between SBA titers and anti-S. sonnei lipopolysaccharide serum immunoglobulin G antibody concentrations (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.918), indicating that SBA can effectively complement enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay data by indicating the functionality of 1790GAHB-induced antibodies.
Sensitivity of boundary layer schemes in simulating the asymmetric rainfall of landfalling typhoon Lekima (2019)

A group of control (CTL) plus ten sensitivity numerical experiments have been conducted to investigate the sensitivity of planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes in simulating the asymmetric precipitation distribution of typhoon Lekima (2019) during landfall. The simulated track and intensity are quite sensitive to the choice of the PBL scheme. In CTL that applies the Mellor–Yamada Nakanishi and Niino (MYNN) PBL and the surface layer scheme, the observed eyewall replacement 6 h prior to landfall and the asymmetric precipitation during landfall have been simulated well. However, in the PBL1 experiment that applies the Yonsei University (YSU) PBL scheme and the Revised Mesoscale Model version 5 (MM5) Monin–Obukhov surface layer scheme, no double eyewall is simulated. PBL1 and the other sensitivity experiments also simulate more axisymmetric precipitation distribution. PBL1 simulates intensification just before landfall, sustains intensity longer after landfall, but then dissipates quite rapidly. Such differences from CTL are due to larger enthalpy flux, higher PBL height (which is almost unchanged in CTL), and eddy diffusivity extending more into the free atmosphere in PBL1. These factors lead to outward expansion of the radius of maximum wind, larger radial inflow, larger axisymmetric tangential wind in the boundary layer, and larger updrafts in the eyewall. After landfall, larger momentum flux and larger friction velocity in PBL1 enable the more rapid dissipation. The intensification before landfall in PBL1 makes the axisymmetric component stronger. Asymmetry developed in the outer eyewall, and PBL1 was less successful in simulating the eyewall replacement that affects the degree of rainfall asymmetry. These results indicate that the model PBL schemes largely influence the simulated tropical cyclone (TC) intensity and structure including asymmetric rainfall distribution during landfall.
Effect of Sinonovacula constricta on sediment microbial numbers and easily degradable organics in shrimp-crab polyculture systems

To explore the influence of different densities of Sinonovacula constricta on the composition of easily degradable organic matter and related functional bacteria, four experimental ecosystems were established: three polyculture systems (PMB1, PMB2, and PMB3) of Portunus trituberculatus and Marsupenaeus japonicus with different stocking densities of S. constricta (11.6, 23.1, and 34.7×104 ind./hm2, respectively) and a polyculture system with only P. trituberculatus and M. japonicus (PM). Among the easily degradable organic components in all aquaculture systems, protein content was the highest (0.74%~0.86%), followed by carbohydrates (0.16%~0.21%) and lipids (0.06%~0.13%). In the high-density (34.7×104 ind./hm2) S. constricta mixed culture system, the contents of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins in the sediment were significantly lower than those of the other polyculture systems. The number of cellulose-decomposing bacteria in PMB3 was 3.79×106 cfu/g, which was significantly higher than that in the other systems. The number of starch-degrading bacteria and glutin-degrading bacteria was the lowest in PMB3, 1.26×104 cfu/g, and 160.00 cfu/g, respectively. The number of lipid-degrading bacteria in PMB3 was 0.77×104 cfu/g, which was significantly lower than that in the other systems. The easily degradable organics content in sediment was significantly positively correlated with the corresponding functional bacteria. The results showed that mixed culture of S. constricta could reduce the content of easily degradable organics in the sediment of mariculture ponds and change the number of functional bacteria in the sediment and the availability of degradable organic sediments may determine the abundance of corresponding degradable bacteria.
Risk factors for febrile urinary tract infection in boys with posterior urethral valves

Objective Boys with posterior urethral valves (PUV) present an increased risk of febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI). Identifying specific risk factors could allow for tailoring UTI prevention. The aim of this study was to use the data from the CIRCUP randomized controlled trial data to identify patient characteristics associated with a higher risk of fUTI. Patients and methods We performed a secondary analysis of the data from the CIRCUP randomized trial which included boys with PUV, randomized to circumcision and antibiotic prophylaxis vs. antibiotic prophylaxis alone and followed for 2 years. There was only 1 episode of fUTI in the circumcision group vs. 17 in the uncircumcised group. We therefore only studied the antibiotic prophylaxis alone group and compared age at prenatal diagnosis, size and weight at birth, presence of dilating VUR at diagnosis, abnormal DMSA scan at 2 months, and nadir creatinine between children who presented a fUTI and those who did not, as well as age at first episode of fUTI. Results The study group consisted of 42 patients of which 17 presented at least on fUTI. Presence of dilating VUR was significantly associated with risk of fUTI (p = 0.03), OR: 6 [CI 95% = (1.13–27.52)]. None of the other parameters were associated with increased risk of fUTI. We observed three distinct time periods for presenting a fUTI with a decrease in infection rate after the first 40 days of life, then at 240 days of life. Conclusion In boys with PUV, presence of high-grade VUR is associated with a higher risk of presenting a fUTI. The rate of febrile UTIs seems to decrease after 9 months.
Phylogenetic analysis and structural prediction reveal the potential functional diversity between green algae SWEET transporters

Sugar-Will-Eventually-be-Exported-Transporters (SWEETs) are an important family of sugar transporters that appear to be ubiquitous in all organisms. Recent research has determined the structure of SWEETs in higher plants, identified specific residues required for monosaccharide or disaccharide transport, and begun to understand the specific functions of individual plant SWEET proteins. However, in green algae (Chlorophyta) these transporters are poorly characterised. This study identified SWEET proteins from across representative Chlorophyta with the aim to characterise their phylogenetic relationships and perform protein structure modelling in order to inform functional prediction. The algal genomes analysed encoded between one and six SWEET proteins, which is much less than a typical higher plant. Phylogenetic analysis identified distinct clusters of over 70 SWEET protein sequences, taken from almost 30 algal genomes. These clusters remain separate from representative higher or non-vascular plant SWEETs, but are close to fungi SWEETs. Subcellular localisation predictions and analysis of conserved amino acid residues revealed variation between SWEET proteins of different clusters, suggesting different functionality. These findings also showed conservation of key residues at the substrate-binding site, indicating a similar mechanism of substrate selectivity and transport to previously characterised higher plant monosaccharide-transporting SWEET proteins. Future work is now required to confirm the predicted sugar transport specificity and determine the functional role of these algal SWEET proteins.
How slack resource affects hospital financial performance: The evidence from public hospitals in Beijing

Background Beijing is a city with high concentration and congestion of quality medical resources in China. While moderate slack seems to be beneficial to the improvement of medical quality. The actual relationship between hospital slack resources and their performance deserves further exploration. The study aims to analyze the slack resources of public hospitals in Beijing and investigate the relationship between slack and hospital financial performance. Finding a reasonable range of slack to optimize resource allocation. Methods The panel data of 22 public hospitals in Beijing from 2005 to 2011 were selected as the sample, and the DEA model was applied to measure the main variable using DEAP 2.1. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using Excel and STATA 15. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis and variance inflation factor test were performed for each variable to avoid multicollinearity. The HAUSMAN test was used to determine the appropriate panel regression model, and then to analyze the influence relationship between the variables. Results From 2005 to 2011, hospital slack resource transitioned from high to low. The slack measured by the DEA model has an inverted U-shaped relationship with financial performance, with ROA increasing from 4.088 to 8.083 when slack increases from 0 to about 0.378, and then showing a decreasing trend; slack measured by financial indicators has a transposed S-shaped relationship with financial performance, with ROA increasing when slack increase from 3.772 to 5.933. Conclusions The slack resources of Beijing public hospitals decreased year by year from 2005 to 2011. Moderate slack resources are conducive to the improvement of healthcare quality, but when slack resources increase to a certain level, it will have a negative impact on healthcare quality. Therefore, hospital managers should control the slack within a moderate range according to the hospital operation policy and development plan to obtain the best performance.
ESTIMAÇÃO DOS PARÂMETROS DE UMA FUNÇÃO DE COVARIÂNCIA NO ESTUDO DA VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DO TEOR DE CÁLCIO NO SOLO

Until the 1970s, the problem of spatial variability of many agronomic variables in field experiments was solved by using randomized block designs associated with the randomization and repetition principles. Although this method is efficient to evaluate experimental variability, it does not consider the spatial position among observations. When random and spatial aspects are presented for these variables, an evaluation of spatial dependence is required and geostatistical tools considering unbiased estimators can do it. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the spatial dependence of calcium content using the exponential covariance function. The parameter estimates were obtained by maximum likelihood and restricted maximum likelihood.
The safety and efficacy of the Mo.Ma system device for carotid artery stenting: A single-center experience from Taiwan

Background Proximal protection devices, such as the Mo.Ma system provides better neurological outcomes than the distal filter system in the carotid artery stenting (CAS) procedure. This study first evaluated the safety and efficacy of the Mo.Ma system during CAS in a single tertiary referral hospital from Taiwan. The outcomes of distal vs. proximal embolic protection devices were also studied. Methods A total of 294 patients with carotid artery stenosis who underwent the CAS procedure were retrospectively included and divided into two groups: 152 patients in the distal filter system group and 142 patients in the Mo.Ma system. The outcomes of interest were compared between the two groups. The factors contributing to occlusion intolerance (OI) in the Mo.Ma system were evaluated. Results The procedure success rates were more than 98% in both groups. No major stroke occurred in this study. The minor stroke rates were 2.8% (4/142) and 4.6% (7/152) in the Mo.Ma system and filter system, respectively (p = 0.419). Patients with hypoalbuminemia significantly predicted the risk of stroke with an odds ratio of 0.08 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.01–0.68, p = 0.020] per 1 g/day of serum albumin in the filter group. A total of 12 patients developed OI in the Mo.Ma system (12/142, 8%). Low occlusion pressure predicted the occurrence of OI in the Mo.Ma group with the hazard ratios of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.82–0.96) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.84–0.98) per 1 mmHg of occlusion systolic pressure (OSP) and diastolic pressure (ODP), respectively. We further indicated that patients with an OSP of ≥60 mmHg or an ODP of ≥44 mmHg could tolerate the procedure of occlusion time up to 400 s, while patients with an OSP of <49 mmHg or an ODP of <34 mmHg should undergo the procedure of occlusion time less than 300 s to prevent the occurrence of OI. Conclusion We have demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of the Mo.Ma system during CAS in an Asia population. By reducing the occlusion time, our study indicated a lower risk of OI in the Mo.Ma system and proposed the optimal occlusion time according to occlusion pressure to prevent OI during the CAS procedure. Further large-scale and prospective studies are needed to verify our results.
False data injection attack detection in dynamic power grid: A recurrent neural network-based method

The smart grid greatly facilitates the transmission of power and information by integrating precise measurement technology and efficient decision support systems. However, deep integration of cyber and physical information entails multiple challenges to grid operation. False data injection attacks can directly interfere with the results of state estimation, which can cause the grid regulator to make wrong decisions and thus poses a huge threat to the stability and security of grid operation. To address this issue, we propose a detection approach against false data injection attacks for dynamic state estimation. The Kalman filter is used to dynamically estimate the state values from IEEE standard bus systems. A long short-term memory (LSTM) network is utilized to extract the sequential observations from states at multiple time steps. In addition, we transform the attack detection problem into supervised learning problem and propose a deep neural network-based detection approach to identify attacks. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed detection approach in multiple IEEE standard bus systems. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed detection approach outperforms benchmarks in improving the detection accuracy of malicious attacks.