Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differences in airway inflammation according to atopic status in patients with chronic rhinitis

Background Chronic rhinitis is a heterogeneous group of diseases that cause nasal inflammation. And the nose may be a window into the lung in the concept of "one airway one disease. " Objective This study was conducted to evaluate differences between the different forms of chronic rhinitis in terms of lower airway inflammation. Methods Patients that attended the allergy clinic and presented with moderate/severe persistent rhinitis symptoms for more than 1 year were enrolled. The patients with chronic rhinitis were classified into two groups (house dust mites [HDM]-sensitive allergic rhinitis [AR] or non-allergic rhinitis [NAR]) according to the presence of atopy, and additionally according to nasal polyposis and airway hyperresponsiveness, respectively. Medical records were reviewed and the mRNA expression levels of IL-5, IFN-γ, TGF-β1, IL-17A, and IL-25 were evaluated in induced sputum samples in each group. Results Induced sputum samples of 53 patients were evaluated. Patients with NAR were significantly older than patients with HDM-sensitive AR (p < 0.05). Nasal polyposis was more prevalent in NAR patients than in HDM-sensitive AR patients (10.2% vs. 62.5%, p < 0.001). The expression levels of IL-17A mRNA were higher in NAR patients, regardless of the presence of airway hyperresponsiveness (p = 0.005). Conclusion These results suggest that patients with different forms of chronic rhinitis could have different inflammatory environments in their lower airway and NAR patients might have bronchial inflammation related to the elevated levels of IL-17A compared to HDM-sensitive AR patients.
Sobolev extension property for tree-shaped domains with self-contacting fractal boundary

In this paper, we investigate the existence of W1,p-extension operators for a class of bidimensional ramified domains with a self-similar fractal boundary previously studied by Mandelbrot and Frame. When the fractal boundary has no self-contact, the domains have the (E , δ)-property, and the extension results of Jones imply that there exist such extension operators for all 1 6 p 6 1. In the case where the fractal boundary self-intersects, this result does not hold. In this work we construct extension operators for 1 < p < p? , where p? depends only on the dimension of the self-intersection of the boundary. The construction of the extension operators is based on a Haar wavelet decomposition on the fractal part of the boundary. It relies mainly on the self-similar properties of the domain. The result is sharp in the sense that W1,p-extension operators fail to exist when p > p?
An Analytic Solution of a Linear Camera Self-Calibration

We propose an analytic solution for the self-calibration of five-parameter linear camera from three pairs of views of a scene, of four-parameter linear camera from two pairs of views and of two-parameter linear camera from one pairs of views based on Kruppa equations, respectively. The approach does not need any initial value, and can calculate accurate solution. The analysis was performed first by writing a suitable set of equations under introducing unknown scale factors from Kruppa's equations. Then, by an elimination scheme and symbolic computation, only one unknown scale factor was retained, so the equation set was reduced to a 30th order univariate polynomial equation for five-parameter or four-parameter camera, and a 3rd order univariate polynomial equation for two-parameter camera. After scale factors were attained, the camera intrinsic parameters were computed by a linear method. A numerical example was reported that confirms the theoretical results by "Mathematica" software
Faculty Perceptions of Shared Decision Making and the Principal's Leadership Behaviors in Duval County Secondary Schools

OF DISSERTATION . xii CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION . 1 Purpose of the Research . 2 Definition of Terms . 3 Statement of the Problem . 7 Significance of the Research . 8 Limitations . 9 Organization of the Study . 1 0 CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF LITERATURE . 12 School Reform and Restructuring . 14 First-Wave Reform . 14 Second-Wave Reform . 17 Effective Schools . 20 The Principal and School Reform . 22 Leadership Theories and Practices . 23 Trait Theories . 25 Behavioral Theories . 27 Contingency and Situational Theories . 31 Transactional and Transformational Leadership . 36 Cultural Leadership . 39 Organizational Leadership . 42 Participatory Leadership . 46 School Leadership . 50 vi School-Based Management and Shared Decision Making . 52 Teacher Empowerment Through Shared Decision Making . 57 The Role of the Principal in Shared Decision Making . 65 Summary . 71 CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY . 74 Research Design and Procedures . 7 4 Hypotheses . 7 4 Population and Sample . 81 Instrumentation . 84 Ethical Considerations . 89 Summary . 89 CHAPTER FOUR RESEARCH FINDINGS . 91 Overview of Design and Analysis of Data . 92 Sample Profiles . 94 Findings and Analyses . 101 Instrumentation . 101 Analysis by Question . 1 04 Summary . 128 CHAPTER FIVE SUMMARY, DISCUSSION, IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . 130 Research Design and Procedures . · . 130 Discussion of Limitations . 132 Conclusions . 134 Implications for Further Research . 138 Implications for Practice . 140 APPENDICES A: Copyright Permission . 144
Welfare Implications of Wheat Breeding Programs

Livestock and Products, Weekly Average Nebraska Slaughter Steers, 35-65% Choice, Live Weight. 152.50 158.18 163.11 Nebraska Feeder Steers, Med. & Large Frame, 550-600 lb. 221.82 280.88 277.73 Nebraska Feeder Steers, Med. & Large Frame 750-800 lb. 179.37 214.14 218.88 Choice Boxed Beef, 600-750 lb. Carcass. 242.41 239.47 246.04 Western Corn Belt Base Hog Price Carcass, Negotiated. 125.62 59.14 57.61 Pork Carcass Cutout, 185 lb. Carcass 51-52% Lean. 129.14 71.63 67.78 Slaughter Lambs, wooled and shorn, 135-165 lb. National. 155.00 198.75 145.67 National Carcass Lamb Cutout FOB. 371.16 361.05 367.44
Policy for sustainable and responsible festivals and events: institutionalisation of a new paradigm – a response

There are increasing calls for the assumptions and values that underpin research in the social sciences to be made explicit and for more critical attention being given to the way in which knowledge is generated and validated. Inspired by such requests, this paper challenges some propositions made by Donald Getz in the paper he wrote for the inaugural volume of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events. In this paper Getz presents a vision for events policy and proposes the development of events policy that embodies a ‘sustainable and responsible approach’ to public sector involvement in events. In the spirit of critical, engaged academic debate, this paper challenges the following four propositions that emerge from Getz’s paper: (1) the state of existing event policy research is underdeveloped; (2) that it is possible to delimit the scope and substance of policy concerns within event studies; (3) neoliberalism has influenced governments to take a predominantly interventionist role in events, principally to secure economic development and prosperity; (4) it is possible for governments to institutionalise an event policy paradigm. Importantly, we recognise that Getz has made significant contributions to the events policy literature, but arguably, it is important to engage more thoroughly with some of his ideas and claims. Our contribution in this paper has been to argue that significant aspects, such as paradigm shifts in events policy, the role of government in events and the role of event policy research require more nuanced understandings in order to account for, and accommodate, the intricacies of event planning, management and policy. Our aim is to establish a broader agenda on events policy research that embraces a wider range of epistemologies, ontologies and methodologies than Getz proposes in his sustainable and responsible approach.
African American autobiography : a collection of critical essays

Introduction. Henry Louis Gates, Jr., James Bronniosaw and the Trope of the Talking Book. Robert B. Stepto, Narration, Authentication, and Authorial Control in Frederick Douglass's Narrative of 1845. Deborah E. McDowell, In the First Place: Making Frederick Douglass and the Afro-American Narrative Tradition. Hazel V. Carby, "Hear My Voice, Ye Careless Daughters" : Narratives of Slave and Free Women before Emancipation. William L. Andrews, The Representation of Slavery and the Rise of Afro-American Literary Realism, 1865-1920. Joanne M. Braxton, Crusader for Justice: Ida B. Wells. Francoise Lionnet, Autoethnography: The An-Archic Style of Dust Tracks on a Road. Charles T. Davis, From Experience to Eloquence: Richard Wright's Black Boy as Art. Paul John Eakin, Malcolm X and the Limits of Autobiography. George E. Kent, Maya Angelou's I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings and Black Autobiographical Tradition. Albert E. Stone, After Black Boy and Dusk of Dawn: Patterns in Recent Black Autobiography. Sandra Pouquet Paquet, West Indian Autobiography. James Olney, The Value of Autobiography for Comparative Studies: African vs. Western Autobiography. Chronology of Important Dates. Notes on Contributors. Bibliography.
Impact of Trips Agreement on Developing Countries

TRIPS is an agreement under the W.T. O. entered into by its members at Marrakesh in Morocco in 1994. It lays down the minimum standards for the protection of intellectual property rights as well as the procedure and remedies for their enforcement, which are to be adopted by all the members of the W.T. O. in their National Laws governing IPRs. This Agreement came into force from 1st January 1995. Prior to TRIPS, intellectual property laws varied across Nation-states, with local laws formulated to suit the needs of each society. For example - earlier, developing countries like India, Brazil, etc. did not provide for product patents for drugs as a part of public policy aimed at enabling citizens to cheaper drugs. But, now with the adoption of the TRIPS Agreement, these member countries are duty bound to provide for the same and noncompliance is liable to attract legal action.
Regulation of adipocyte development.

INTRODUCTION . • . • . • • . • . • . • 99 CELL CULTURE MODELS FOR ADIPOCYTE DEVELOPMENT . • • . • . • . 101 Multipotent Stem-Cell Lines . • • • . • . • • • • • . • . • . • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • . • . • • • • • . • • . 101 Preadipocyte Cell Lines . • . • . • • . • . • • • • • . • . • . 102 EXTERNAL MODULATORS OF PREADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION . • • . • • . • 105 TIlE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM . • . • . • • . • . 106 Determination . • . • . • • • . • • . • . • . • • . • . • . • • • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • . • • • • . • • 106 CelVCell Contact at Confluence . • . • . • . • . • . 107 Induction 0/ Diff erentiation . • . • . • . 107 Terminal Diff erentiation . • . 108 TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL OF ADIPOCYTE GENES DURING DIFFERENTIATION . 109 Trans-Acting Factors . • . • • . • . • . 109 Expression o/Transcription Factors During Development . ll8
Does systemic inflammation trigger local exercise-induced oxidative stress in COPD?

Inflammatory abnormalities may be involved in the inadequate basal oxidant/antioxidant balance and local exercise-induced oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The time course of oxidative stress and inflammation was investigated in 10 COPD patients and seven healthy subjects before and after local dynamic quadriceps endurance exercise at 40% of maximal strength. Venous samples were collected before, immediately after and up to 48 h after exercise. At rest, levels of an oxidant released by stimulated phagocytes, the superoxide anion, were significantly higher in patients, as were plasma levels of C‐reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6, inflammatory markers. An inverse relationship was found between baseline C‐reactive protein levels and endurance time in patients. Six hours after exercise, superoxide anion release and levels of protein oxidation products, an index of oxidative stress, increased similarly in both groups, whereas thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels, another index of oxidative stress, increased significantly only in patients. Plasma nonenzymatic antioxidant and inflammatory cytokine levels were unchanged by the exercise protocol. The increased baseline systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients could be related to disturbed oxidant/antioxidant balance, and, together, these may have triggered the exercise-induced oxidative stress. The absence, however, of local exercise-induced systemic inflammation suggests that additional mechanisms explain local exercise-induced oxidative stress.
Attribute-based Access Control for ICN Naming Scheme

Information Centric Networking (ICN) is a new network architecture that aims to overcome the weakness of existing IP-based networking architecture. Instead of establishing a connection between the communicating hosts, ICN focuses on the content, i.e., data, transmitted in network. Content copies in ICN can be cached at different locations. The content is out of its owner's control once it is published. Thus, enforcing access control policies on distributed content copies is crucial in ICN. Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) is a feasible approach to enforce such control mechanisms in this environment. However, applying ABE in ICN faces two challenges: from management perspective, it is complicated to manage attributes in distributed manners; from privacy protection perspective, unlike in traditional networks, the enforced content access policies are public to all the ICN users. Thus, it is desirable that unauthorized content viewers are not able to retrieve the access policy. To this end, a privacy-preserving access control scheme for ICN and its corresponding attribute management solution are presented in this paper. The proposed approach is compatible with existing flat name based ICN architectures.
Microarray-based analysis of gene expression profiles in peripheral blood of patients with acute primary angle closure

ABSTRACT Background: We investigated the expression of molecules in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma of patients with acute primary angle closure (APAC). Materials and methods: Peripheral blood was collected from patients with APAC (n = 10) and age-matched controls (n = 5). The gene transcription profile was analyzed in PBMCs using microarrays and validated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The levels of secreted proteins were evaluated in plasma by ELISA. Results: 347 gene transcripts were up-regulated by 2-fold or more, and 696 transcripts down-regulated 2-fold or more in PBMCs from patients compared to controls. The most highly up-regulated gene was thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1, 8.66-fold increase), and the most down-regulated gene was prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2, 9.09-fold decrease). Real-time RT-PCR assay confirmed the increase of TSP-1 and the decrease of PTGS2 in PBMCs of patients. ELISA revealed that the levels of TSP-1 and active transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 that is activated by TSP-1 were elevated in plasma of patients, while the level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) that is converted by PTGS2 was reduced. The plasma level of TSP-1 was positively correlated with that of active TGF-β1. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the molecular network including TSP-1, TGF-β1, and PGE2 might be involved in the pathogenesis of APAC and PACG.
Molecular mechanisms of action of steroid/thyroid receptor superfamily members.

INTRODUCTION . 451 STEROID RECEPTOR SUPERFAMILY . 453 PROTEIN-DNA INTERACTIONS . 455 ROLE OF RECEPTOR IN GENE ACTIVATION AND SILENCING . 459 Gene Activation . 459 Gene Silencing . 462 SYNERGISM BETWEEN DIFFERENT CIS-ACTING ELEMENTS 465 ROLE OF LIGAND IN RECEPTOR TRANSFORMATION AND ACTIVATION . 466 Role of Ligand . 466 Model . 471 FACTORS INFLUENCING RECEPTOR ACTIVITY . 473 Phosphorylation . 473 Ligand-Independent Activation . 475 Nuclear Transcription Factors . 476 CHROMATIN STRUCTURE AND RECEPTOR ACTION . 479 SUMMARY AND PERSPECTIVES 480
Dietary sodium restriction for mild hypertension in general practice.

SIR,-In their article implicating salmonella gastroenteritis as an aetiological agent in erythema nodosum (5 March, p 765) Dr W M Morrison and others point out that: "Concurrent streptococcal infection cannot be totally excluded in these three patients. " We have recently treated a 22 year old woman who presented with typical lesions of erythema nodosum and gave a two week history of passing up to four loose, watery bowel motions (without blood or mucus) a day. In addition, she complained of colicky left iliac fossa discomfort, anorexia, and vomiting. There was no past or family history of bowel disease. She was not taking any drugs. Sigmoidoscopy showed a congested rectal mucosa which bled easily on contact. Salmonella typhimurium was cultured from three consecutive stool samples, which failed to grow yersinia, shigella, or campylobacter. Sedimentation rate (Westergren) was 95 mm in the first hour. A full blood count was normal. Throat swab and blood culture were sterile. Mantoux test (1:100 old tuberculin units) was negative. Antistreptolysin titre was 12 units. A chest x ray examination was normal. Kveim antigen test was negative. During two weeks' bed rest the diarrhoea and the cutaneous lesions resolved. A further series of four consecutive stool samples was sterile, and the sedimentation rate fell to normal. When seen for review two months later the patient was without symptoms and sigmoidoscopy was normal. In this case we were confident that a recent streptococcal infection had been excluded. We would, therefore, agree with the authors that salmonella gastroenteritis should be considered as a causative agent in erythema nodosum. HILARY M DOBSON ROBERT HUME
Female Predominance in Immigration to the United States since 1930: A First Look 1

After a brief comparative discussion of postwar international migration flows, this article analyzes U.S. statistics on the characteristics of immigrants to the United States, by sex; discusses the reasons for the predominance of female immigrants since 1930; and lays the statistical groundwork for future analyses of its implications for the U.S.
Fidelity of a strengths-based intervention used by dutch shelters for homeless young adults.

OBJECTIVE In a cluster randomized controlled trial, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of and fidelity to Houvast (Dutch for "grip"), a strengths-based intervention to improve the quality of life for homeless young adults. METHODS Fidelity was measured six months after professionals and team leaders at five Dutch shelters for homeless young adults finished their training in Houvast. Fidelity was measured with the Dutch version of the strengths model fidelity scale, which consists of ten indicators distributed across three subscales: structure, supervision, and clinical practice. A total fidelity score was composed by averaging the ten indicator scores for each facility. During one-day audits by two trained assessors visiting each facility, a file analysis (N=46), a focus group with homeless young adults (N=19), and interviews with the team leader and supervisor (N=9) were conducted. Professionals, supervisors, and team leaders completed questionnaires two weeks before the audit (N=43). In addition, an evaluation of the audit was conducted six months later. RESULTS Although none of the five shelters achieved a sufficient total model fidelity score, median scores on caseload, group supervision, and strengths assessment were satisfactory. Each facility received a report with a set of recommendations to improve model fidelity. The evaluation showed improvements in use of the strengths assessment and personal recovery plans and in supervision. CONCLUSIONS Facilities face several challenges when implementing a new intervention, and implementing Houvast was no exception. Learning experiences and possible explanations for the insufficient total fidelity scores are reported.
PAHs in the Halo of NGC 5529

We present sensitive ISO λ 6.7 µm observations of the edge-on galaxy, NGC 5529, finding an extensive MIR halo around NGC 5529. The emission is dominated by PAHs in this band. The PAH halo has an exponential scale height of 3.7 kpc but can still be detected as far as ≈10 kpc from the plane to the limits of the high dynamic range (1770/1) data. This is the most extensive PAH halo yet detected in a normal galaxy. This halo shows substructure and the PAHs likely originate from some type of disk outflow. PAHs are long-lived in a halo environment and therefore continuous replenishment from the disk is not required (unless halo PAHs are also being destroyed or removed), consistent with the current low SFR of the galaxy. The PAHs correlate spatially with halo Hα emission, previously observed by Miller & Veilleux (2003, ApJS, 148, 383); both components are likely excited/ionized by in-disk photons that are leaking into the halo. The presence of halo gas may be related to the environment of NGC 5529 which contains at least 17 galaxies in a small group of which NGC 5529 is the dominant member. Of these, we have identified two new companions from the SDSS.
An Application of Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (Arch) and Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) Modelling on Taiwan's Time-Series Data: Three Essays

ix INTRODUCTION . I ESSAY I : ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION, STRUCTURAL CHANGE, AND THE MEAN-VARIANCE LINKAGE OF INFLATION-TAIWAN'S EXPERIENCE . 3 Abstract . L Introduction . IL Measuring Inflation Uncertainty IlL Modeling the Mean-Variance Relationship IV. Data and Empirical Results V. Conclusion . References . 3 . 4 . 6 . 8 . II . 26 . 27 L Introduction . IL Measuring Inflation Uncertainty IlL Modeling the Mean-Variance Relationship IV. Data and Empirical Results V. Conclusion . References . 3 . 4 . 6 . 8 . II . 26 . 27 ESSAY 2: THE DYNAMIC LINKAGE BETWEEN STOCK RETURNS AND TRADING VOLUME IN THE TAIWAN STOCK MARKET . 30 Abstract L Introduction IL Methodology III. Data Description and Summary Statistics of Data Series IV. Empirical Results V. Summary and Conclusions References . 30 . 31 . 33 . 44 . 54 . 71 . 71L Introduction IL Methodology III. Data Description and Summary Statistics of Data Series IV. Empirical Results V. Summary and Conclusions References . 30 . 31 . 33 . 44 . 54 . 71 . 71 ESSAY 3 : STOCK RETURNS AND VOLATILITY IN THE TAIWAN STOCK EXCHANGE . 77 Abstract . L Introduction . IL Taiwan Stock Exchange . 77 . 78 . 81. L Introduction . IL Taiwan Stock Exchange . 77 . 78 . 81 IlL Methodology IV. Data Description and Summary Statistics of Data Series V. Empirical Results VI. Conclusion . References . CONCLUSION .
The Politics of Regulatory Reform

Chapter 1. The Mystery of Regulatory Reform. Chapter 2. Do Regulatory Reforms Influence Regulations? Chapter 3. In the Regulatory Weeds of the Garden State: A Case Study. Chapter 4. Regulations and the Economy Chapter 5. Seeing Red: Are Regulations a Perceived of Actual Threat? Chapter 6. Alternative Explanations for Regulatory Reform Chapter 7. Regulatory Reform: Rhetoric and Reality in Pennsylvania and North Carolina. Chapter 8. The Politics of Regulatory Reform.
FORWARD SELECTION ERROR CONTROL IN THE ANALYSIS OF SUPERSATURATED DESIGNS

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