Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review: The status of the endangered Eld’s deer (Rucervus eldii) and conservation actions in Thailand

Abstract. Sukmasuang R, Bhumpakphan N, McShea WJ, Wajjwalku W, Siriaroonrat B, Kamolnoranart S, Yindee M, Nipanan T, Maleehuan B, Khanthathongsakuldee K, Pongcharoen C, Sutummawong N, Thomas W. 2022. Review: The status of the endangered Eld’s deer (Rucervus eldii) and conservation actions in Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 5020-5034. The endangered Eld’s deer (Rucervus eldii) once roamed throughout the plains and dry forests of South and Southeast Asia. However, due to heavy poaching and habitat loss, the population has declined drastically and has disappeared from many of its historical ranges. They are presently found in some natural areas of India, Myanmar, Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Hainan Island, China. Thailand used to be the distribution center of the species, where two subspecies, the R.e. thamin and R.e. siamensis, were found. However, both subspecies have disappeared from the natural resources of Thailand since the early 1990s. Many conservation programs have been conducted to save this species in Thailand, such as captive breeding and reintroduction. Our literature review revealed that currently, more than a thousand R.e. thamin are housed in over 20 wildlife breeding facilities and 109 R.e. siamensis in 8 breeding facilities. Based on the workshops on conservation and restoration of the species, suitable genetic selection can create populations suitable for return to protected forest areas in Thailand. At present, more than 554 R.e. thamin have been released back into the wild in 8 wildlife sanctuaries, 3 national parks and 1 non-hunting area and 27 R.e. siamensis were released in 2 wildlife sanctuaries in Thailand. The follow-up of the deer in the release areas was flawed. Major knowledge gaps include recent trends in the population dynamics, habitat selection, diet items and threats. Identifying and restoring suitable dry forest habitats for reintroduction are also keys for species conservation.
Transformation of Markov Random Fields for marginal distribution estimation

This paper presents a generic method for transforming MRFs for the marginal inference problem. Its major application is to downsize MRFs to speed up the computation. Unlike the MAP inference, there are only classical algorithms for the marginal inference problem such as BP etc. that require large computational cost. Although downsizing MRFs should directly reduce the computational cost, there is no systematic way of doing this, since it is unclear how to obtain the MRF energy for the downsized MRFs and also how to translate the estimates of their marginal distributions to those of the original MRFs. The proposed method resolves these issues by a novel probabilistic formulation of MRF transformation. The key idea is to represent the joint distribution of an MRF with that of the transformed one, in which the variables of the latter are treated as latent variables. We also show that the proposed method can be applied to discretization of variable space of continuous MRFs and can be used with Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Analysis of the Tests Developed by the Courts in Determining the Existence of an Employee or an Independent Contractor Relationship in the Imposition of Vicarious Liability in Malaysia

Employers are said to be vicariously liable for the torts of their employees which are committed during the course of employment. It is critical that business owners correctly determine whether the individuals providing services are employees or independent contractors. Employers or ‘masters’ will only be liable for the torts of their employees or ‘servants’ as they are called in law. They will not usually be liable for the torts of their independent contractors (subject to some exceptions). It is, therefore, necessary to establish the status of the person who committed the wrongful act. The task of the court is to interpret the contract of employment. In order to make such a distinction, the courts have adopted certain tests. However, the courts have been unable to formulate a concise definition of the terms ‘employee’ and ‘independent contractor’ that will furnish an accurate test to be applied in determining whether one is acting for another as servant or as an independent contractor. In Malaysia, the courts generally favour the control test. While the control test may have been persuasive in the past, in modern industrial society, with its increasingly sophisticated division of labour, the test is not always effective. In many cases employees may have technical skills and knowledge not shared by their employers. The purpose of this article is to examine these tests and the problems posed by the tests used by the Malaysian courts in an attempt to draw a distinction between an employee and an independent contractor in the context of vicarious liability.
ProbSense.KOM: A Probabilistic Sensing Approach for Gathering Vehicular Sensed Data

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) improve safety, energy efficiency and driver comfort. Such systems are commonly based on sensor data, however, sensor range is physically limited. A way to extend the sensing range is to share sensor reading with others, i.e., vehicles and infrastructure services. Since direct vehicle communication is not widely deployed and vehicles are often not driving in direct communication range, communication has to be realized via cellular networks. Due to high costs for cellular communication, the transmission of sensed data has to be efficient and the amount of transmitted data must be minimized. As possible solution, we introduce a concept of probabilistic data transmission for vehicular sensed data. The system divides the map into geographic cells, and a probabilistic model is managed for each geographic cell individually. We are able to achieve a reduction in data transmission volume of up to 50% in comparison to opportunistic approaches.
Roles of the K 101 E Substitution in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase in Resistance to 1 Rilpivirine and other Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors 2 3

35 Resistance against the recently approved non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) 36 rilpivirine (RPV) commonly involves substitutions at positions E138K and K101E in HIV-1 37 reverse transcriptase together with a M184I substitution that is associated with resistance against 38 co-utilized emtricitabine (FTC). Previous biochemical and virological studies have shown that 39 compensatory interactions between substitutions E138K and M184I can restore enzyme 40 processivity and viral replication capacity. Structural modeling studies have also shown that 41 disruption of the salt bridge between K101 and E138 can affect RPV binding. The current study 42 was designed to investigate the impact of K101E, alone or in combination with E138K and/or 43 M184I on drug susceptibility, viral replication capacity, and enzyme function. We show here that 44 K101E can be selected in cell culture by the NNRTIs etravirine (ETR), efavirenz (EFV), and 45 dapivirine (DPV) as well as by RPV. Recombinant RT enzymes and viruses containing K101E, 46 but not E138K were highly resistant to nevirapine (NVP) and delavirdine (DLV) as well as ETR 47 and RPV but not EFV. The addition of K101E to E138K slightly enhanced ETR and RPV 48 resistance, compared to E138K alone, but restored susceptibility to NVP and DLV. The K101E 49 substitution can compensate for deficits in viral replication capacity and enzyme processivity 50 associated with M184I, while M184I can compensate for the diminished efficiency of DNA 51 polymerization associated with K101E. The coexistence of K101E/E138K does not impair either 52 viral replication or enzyme fitness. We conclude that K101E can play a significant role in 53 resistance to RPV. 54
Emergence and Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 Variant: Global Prevalence and Implications for Public Health

The relentless evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants remains a formidable challenge to global public health, thus prompting significant concern among health authorities due to emergent strains. One such “variant of interest” (VOI) recently identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) is JN.1, a distinct sub-lineage stemming from the BA.2. 86 variant. Noteworthy mutations, including R3821K in ORF1a, L455S in the spike protein, and F19L in ORF7b, characterize JN.1*, the prevalence of which is steadily surging worldwide, signaling a remarkable competitive advantage. While differing from its parent variant, BA.2. 86, in terms of infectivity and immune evasion, current evidence does not support heightened pathogenicity associated with JN.1*; however, the augmented immune evasion capabilities raise concerns about potential waves of infections, particularly among individuals previously exposed to earlier variants. Indeed, existing vaccines may offer limited protection against JN.1* due to its distinct immunological profile. Consequently, a shift toward non-immunologic protective measures may become imperative to effectively curb transmission. As JN.1* gains prominence, understanding its unique characteristics and adapting public health strategies accordingly are paramount in mitigating the impact on global health.
Efficacy of Local and Systemic Statin Delivery on the Osseointegration of Implants: A Systematic Review.

PURPOSE In indexed literature, a systematic review of the efficacy of statins in enhancing osseointegration is lacking. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy of local and systemic statin delivery on the osseointegration of implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS To address the focused question, "Does local and systemic statin delivery affect osseointegration around implants? ", indexed databases were searched from 1965 through November 2015 using various keywords. Letters to the Editor, case reports/case series, historic reviews, and commentaries were excluded. The pattern of this systematic review was customized to primarily summarize the pertinent data. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included. All studies were experimental and were performed in animal models. In seven studies, statins were delivered systemically via oral, intraperitoneal, intraosseous, subcutaneous, and percutaneous routes. Among the 12 studies, where statins were delivered locally, statin-coated implants were used in seven studies, whereas in the remaining studies, statins were delivered via topical application on the bone cavities. The follow-up duration ranged between 1 and 12 weeks. Results from 18 studies showed that statin administration enhanced new bone formation (NBF) around implants and/or bone-to-implant contact. One study showed that statin-coated implant surfaces impaired osseointegration. Seven studies reported that statin administration enhanced NBF around implants in osteoporotic rats. CONCLUSION On experimental grounds, local and systemic statin delivery seems to enhance osseointegration; however, from a clinical perspective, further studies are needed to assess the role of statins in promoting osseointegration around dental implants.
The lasso and elastic-net algorithms for predictive sound quality models using large pool of predictive metrics and factors

Part of the overall perceived quality is communicated by sound quality. Sound quality studies present a twofold challenge. The first is that they rely on listening tests. However, listening tests are considered time consuming. The second challenge relates to the development of predictive sound quality models. Often, these models are derived using linear regression on a limited set of predictive metrics. However, nowadays, many potential metrics are available and there is no computational burden that should limit the number of potential metrics. An issue is that regression using more metrics than observations cannot lead to meaningful predictive models since all the metrics are selected. In this paper, different algorithms are compared to construct a sound quality predictive model that does not suffer from these limitations. These algorithms achieve an automatic selection of few metrics from a large pool. The lasso, elastic-net and stepwise algorithms are tested for the prediction of listening tests results of consumer product for which more than 100 metrics are used a potential predictors. It is shown that the most promising algorithm is the lasso which is able to efficiently limit the number of metrics and provide a model that can be used as understandable design guidelines.
Natural rubber producing plants: An overview

Currently, Hevea brasiliensis has been only one resource for commercial natural rubber production. Rubber tree, H. brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Muell. Arg. , commonly known as the Brazilian rubber tree is native to the Amazon River basin. Attempts to develop alternative sources of natural rubber have been made at various times and no fewer than eight botanical families, 300 genera and 2500 species have been found to produce natural rubber in their latex. Only two species, in addition to the Para rubber tree, are known to produce large amounts of rubber with high molecular weight: a shrub named guayule ( Parthenium argentatum Gray) and the Russian dandelion ( Taraxacum koksaghyz ). These plants were considered sufficiently promising as alternative rubber sources that several research programs have been conducted on these plants, especially during World War II. Hevea rubber has been an undeniably beneficial commodity for the past 100 years. The superior qualities of the natural elastomers produced by this tree have never been surpassed by any of the synthetic products. Parthenium argentatum (guayule) is an industrial crop, which is the best potential source of latex suitable for use in medical products, gloves etc., which does not cause allergic reactions in patients suffering from Type 1 latex allergy. The dandelion rubber will be tested for use in a variety of applications, but primarily for use in tires. Researchers hope the project will lead to the production of the country's first dandelion rubber commercial facility in the next five years. By 2020, they hope the plant will be producing 60 million pounds of natural rubber. Other alternative rubber producing plants like lettuce ( Lactuca serriola ) and fig tree ( Ficus bengalensis ); have not yet been sufficiently studied to establish their usability. The ideal rubber-producing crop would be fast growing plant species that can grow in any type of land across the world. The major objective of this review was to provide the information about cultivation, genetics and breeding aspects of Hevea and also other natural rubber producing species for alternative source of latex production in the near future. Keywords : Alternative rubber sources, biotechnology, breeding, Hevea brasiliensis, Parthenium argentatum, Taraxacum koksaghyz, Ficus bengalensis, Lactuca serriola African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(12), pp. 1297-1310
Development of Localization using Artificial and Natural Landmark for Indoor Mobile Robots

The localization of the robot is one of the most important factors of navigating mobile robots. The use of featured information of landmarks is one approach to estimate the location of the robot. This approach can be classified into two categories: the natural-landmark-based and artificial-landmark-based approach. Natural landmarks are suitable for any environment, but they may not be sufficient for localization in the less featured or dynamic environment. On the other hand, artificial landmarks may generate shaded areas due to space constraints. In order to improve these disadvantages, this paper presents a novel development of the localization system by using artificial and natural-landmarks-based approach on a topological map. The proposed localization system can recognize far or near landmarks without any distortion by using landmark tracking system based on top-view image transform. The camera is rotated by distance of landmark. The experiment shows a result of performing position recognition without shading section by applying the proposed system with a small number of artificial landmarks in the mobile robot.
Retrospective cohort study of individuals born with low birthweight: implications for screening practices

Abstract Background Previous studies have established an association between low birthweight (LBW) and future kidney disease, but few have explored the progression of kidney dysfunction through the pediatric years leading up through adolescence and young adulthood. Methods To better understand the temporal effects of birthweight on kidney disease progression, we conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) between LBW (<2500 grams) and normal birthweight (NBW) infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at our institution from 1992 to 2006. Results Age at follow-up ranged 1–26 years old. GFR was found to be significantly lower in participants born with LBW than those born with NBW, with a mean difference of 5.5 mL/min/1.73m2 (P < 0.01). These differences were found in the adolescent and young adult age group over 9 years of age, specifically in the extremely low birthweight group (ELBW) whose birthweight was less than 1000 grams. Conclusions We recommend screening for CKD in ELBW individuals starting at the age of 9 years old, regardless of their previous medical history.
New Frontiers or a Bursting Bubble? Psychedelic Therapy Beyond the Dichotomy

The publication in April 2021 of the Imperial College London Phase II study investigating the efficacy of psilocybin-assisted therapy vs. escitalopram for depression reported differences in the primary outcome measure (the QIDS-SR16) between experimental and control arms as statistically insignificant (1). However, secondary measures of depression, and other relevant measures (see Appendix), favored psilocybin to escitalopram. Soon thereafter, a range of expert commentaries offered interpretations, including that the researchers were unfortunate in their choice of pre-registered primary outcome, the trial was underpowered perhaps revealing an overconfidence in designing the study, and the limitations of depression rating measures to capture the return of positive mood and well-being. Partially in response to these publications, discussions in research and online communities have grown around the over-hyping of psychedelic treatments, bringing into focus concerns over psychedelic therapy trial methodology [for a peer-reviewed critique, see (2)]. This opinion piece explores these concerns to propose a response to this special issue’s question, “Can Psychedelic Therapies Open a New Frontier in Mental Healthcare (Or Will the Bubble Burst)? ” Drawing on our experiences of working within psychedelic clinical trials and NHS psychiatry, we offer here a deflationary answer to this question, suggesting both will occur and outlining some of the facets, stakes and opportunities entailed.
Mechanisms of flower coloring and eco-evolutionary implications of massive blooming events in the Atacama Desert

The Atacama Desert, one of the driest places on earth, holds a rich biodiversity that becomes most appreciable in years when unusual rainfall accumulation triggers a phenomenon of explosive development of ephemeral herbaceous and woody desert species known as “desierto florido” or “blooming desert. ” Despite the scientific importance of this unique phenomenon only few studies have addressed the mechanisms of flower phenotypic divergence under the fluctuating environment provided by this recurrent event. We investigated the mechanisms of floral color diversity in Cistanthe longiscapa (Montiaceae), a dominant species across the ephemeral blooming landscape of Atacama Desert. Our analyses show that the variation in colors of C. longiscapa flowers result from petals containing betalain pigments with different absorption spectra. The different pigment composition of petals causes flower color differences in the visible and ultraviolet (UV) range of the spectrum. Through color vision models we show that C. longiscapa flowers are highly polymorphic in their color appearance for insect pollinators. Our results highlight the variable nature in flower color of C. longiscapa varieties blooming simultaneously in a geographical restricted area. Given the importance of color in attracting floral visitors, the observed color variability could contribute to increased cross pollination in extreme desert conditions, while accounting for complex and fluctuating histories of plant-pollinator interactions.
SES-RREF: The Machine Learning Approach to Credible Metrics of Scholastic Evidence via Recursive Referencing

Citation network analysis of scholarly articles and journals has already been explored in-depth and the subtlety of the differences between citations and references has also been recognized. Despite this recognition, citation network is mainly used for judging the contribution of an author or a journal for the scientific community. Analyzing citations of an article or of the journal to which it belongs, follows a bottom-up approach and provides a varying degree of information. These include the pattern of spread and the influence it has in academics, per se. However, analysis of references provides a top down approach. The present paper introduces the concept of reference network analysis with the objective of measuring the extent of scholarly inculcation of knowledge and effort while pursuing specific research work. Such reference networks can examine how variegated a research is (diversity) and intensity of the concepts studied (depth) by a researcher. We prove that both these aspects play crucial roles in generating recognition by not relying on citations explicitly. The paper uses these features to devise article-level and author-level metrics,like Scholastic Evidence Score and Trust Score. Using two different case studies of highly reputed scholars, we further demonstrate that Trust score of reputed and reliable authors do not fluctuate noticeably with time. On a broader spectrum, the durability of citation might reflect the depth of a scientific contribution. Our contribution imparts multidimensional approach to scholarly influence and creates avenues for future explorations in journal credibility study.
Rehabilitation Programs for Cystic Fibrosis – View from a CF Center

Background: Rehabilitation programs are comprehensive interventions which effectively improve the health status and reduce costs in chronic respiratory illnesses. Because patients with cystic fibrosis have been discouraged to participate for concerns of microbial cross infection, the efficacy of systematic rehabilitation is unknown for this group. Methods: We retrospectively studied 142 cystic fibrosis patients aged 2-46 years who participated in rehabilitation programs taking place in Germany/Switzerland and in Israel, focusing on changes in lung function and weight. Results: During 172 stays in 97 patients in Israel and 68 stays in 45 patients rehabilitating in Germany/Switzerland, overall lung function and weight improved. Outcome did not differ between Israel and German/Swiss sites. Interestingly, lung function improved during the initial phase of the stay, whereas weight gain was sustained throughout. The study uncovered gaps in reporting sufficient individual outcome information back to the admitting centre. Conclusions: Rehabilitation programs specified for cystic fibrosis patients need to be assessed prospectively to optimize treatment of this life limiting condition.