Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emergency Department Initiated Mental Health Interventions for Young People

Objective Young people (10–24 years old) with mental health concerns are increasingly presenting to hospital emergency departments (EDs). The purpose of this review was to identify the core components and outcomes of mental health interventions for young people that are initiated in the ED, such that they are delivered in the ED and/or by ED health workers. Methods Six electronic databases were systematically searched. Primary peer-reviewed qualitative or quantitative studies describing an ED-initiated mental health intervention for young people published between 2009 and 2020 were included. Results Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The included studies demonstrated that compared with traditional ED care, ED-initiated mental health interventions lead to improved efficiency of care and decreased length of stay, and a core component of this care was its delivery by allied health practitioners with mental health expertise. The studies were limited by focusing on service efficiencies rather than patient outcomes. Further limitations were the exclusion of young people with complex mental health needs and/or comorbidities and not measuring long-term positive mental health outcomes, including representations and whether young people were connected with community health services. Conclusions This systematic review demonstrated that ED-initiated mental health interventions result in improved service outcomes, but further innovation and robust evaluation are required. Future research should determine whether these interventions lead to better clinical outcomes for young people and staff to inform the development of best practice recommendations for ED-initiated mental health care for young people presenting to the ED.
Adaptation and Assessment of a Text Messaging Smoking Cessation Intervention in Vietnam: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Text message (ie, short message service, SMS) smoking cessation interventions have demonstrated efficacy in high-income countries but are less well studied in low- and middle-income countries, including Vietnam. Objective The goal of the research is to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a fully automated bidirectional SMS cessation intervention adapted for Vietnamese smokers. Methods The study was conducted in 3 phases. In phase 1, we adapted the SMS library from US-based SMS cessation programs (ie, SmokefreeTXT and Text2Quit). The adaptation process consisted of 7 focus groups with 58 smokers to provide data on culturally relevant patterns of tobacco use and assess message preferences. In phase 2, we conducted a single-arm pilot test of the SMS intervention with 40 smokers followed by in-depth interviews with 10 participants to inform additional changes to the SMS library. In phase 3, we conducted a 2-arm pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 100 smokers. Participants received either the SMS program (intervention; n=50) or weekly text assessment on smoking status (control; n=50). The 6-week SMS program consisted of a 2-week prequit period and a 4-week postquit period. Participants received 2 to 4 automated messages per day. The main outcomes were engagement and acceptability which were assessed at 6 weeks (end of intervention). We assessed biochemically confirmed smoking abstinence at 6 weeks and 12 weeks. Postintervention in-depth interviews explored user experiences among a random sample of 16 participants in the intervention arm. Results Participants in both arms reported high levels of engagement and acceptability. Participants reported using the program for an average of 36.4 (SD 3.4) days for the intervention arm and 36.0 (SD 3.9) days for the control arm. Four of the 50 participants in the intervention arm (8%) reset the quit date and 19 (38%) texted the keyword TIPS. The majority of participants in both arms reported that they always or usually read the text messages. Compared to the control arm, a higher proportion of participants in the intervention arm reported being satisfied with the program (98% [49/50] vs 82% [41/50]). Biochemically verified abstinence was higher in the intervention arm at 6 weeks (20% [10/50] vs 2% [1/50]; P=.01), but the effect was not significant at 12 weeks (12% [6/50] vs 6% [3/50]; P=.49). In-depth interviews conducted after the RCT suggested additional modifications to enhance the program including tailoring the timing of messages, adding more opportunities to interact with the program, and placing a greater emphasis on messages that described the harms of smoking. Conclusions The study supported the feasibility and acceptability of an SMS program adapted for Vietnamese smokers. Future studies need to assess whether, with additional modifications, the program is associated with prolonged abstinence. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03219541; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03219541
Reconstruction of Extensive Oromandibular Defect With Simultaneous Dual Free Flap Transfer

Abstract Complex oromandibular defects are usually too extensive or complex to be reconstructed with a single free flap. In this situation, dual free flaps can provide an adequate amount of tissues and a three-dimensional structure for large composite defects. In our institution, a total of 6 patients underwent immediate dual free-flap reconstruction between December 2013 and February 2020. In all patients, oromandibular defects were reconstructed with a combination of a fibula free flap and a vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous, anterolateral thigh, or radial forearm free flap. All 6 patients showed tolerable flap status without any major complications, and could transit a diet from a dysphagia diet to a general diet on the final visit. Dual free flaps can be considered an optimal reconstructive option with favorable functional and aesthetic outcomes for complex oromandibular defects involving the bone, oral lining, external skin, or soft tissue.
An overview of machine learning methods for monotherapy drug response prediction

Abstract For an increasing number of preclinical samples, both detailed molecular profiles and their responses to various drugs are becoming available. Efforts to understand, and predict, drug responses in a data-driven manner have led to a proliferation of machine learning (ML) methods, with the longer term ambition of predicting clinical drug responses. Here, we provide a uniquely wide and deep systematic review of the rapidly evolving literature on monotherapy drug response prediction, with a systematic characterization and classification that comprises more than 70 ML methods in 13 subclasses, their input and output data types, modes of evaluation, and code and software availability. ML experts are provided with a fundamental understanding of the biological problem, and how ML methods are configured for it. Biologists and biomedical researchers are introduced to the basic principles of applicable ML methods, and their application to the problem of drug response prediction. We also provide systematic overviews of commonly used data sources used for training and evaluation methods.
Structural localization of pathogenic mutations in the central nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2 (NOD2) protein and their inference in inflammatory disorders

Abstract The human NBD domain which is centrally located in the NOD2 protein displays an essential role in oligomerization and initiates the immune response via CARD-RIPK2 interaction. The mutations associated with the NBD domain have been largely implicated in inflammatory disorders such as Blau syndrome and sarcoidosis. This study aims to determine the structural and phenotypic effect of a lethal mutation that occurs in the NBD domain which has an axiomatic impact on protein dysfunction. Initially, the most deleterious missense mutations were screened through various in silico analysis. Out of 33 variants, I-Mutant 3.0, SIFT, PolyPhen 2, Align GVGD, PHD SNP and SNP&GO have statistically identified 5 variants (R42W, D90E, E91K, G189D & W198L) as less stable, deleterious and damaging. Our predicted models have paved the way to understand the various structural properties such as physiochemical, secondary structural arrangements and stabilizing residues in folding associated with the native and mutant NBD domain especially of the functionally important regions. From the aforementioned results, R42W and G189D were found to be the more predominant among the mutants. Precisely, through molecular simulation, we have strongly justified the significant conformational disruption of R42W and G189D through the stabilization factors, folding and essential dynamics. Conclusively, these regions (α341-44, α13185-191 and β6133-143β7) seem to adopt such structures that are not conducive to wild-type-like functionality. Our prediction and validation of lethal mutations based on structural stability may be useful for conducting experimental studies in detail to uncover the protein deregulation leading to inflammatory disorders.
High-Light-Induced Stress Activates Lipid Deacylation at the Sn-2 Position in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis Sp. PCC 6803

Abstract Cyanobacterial mutants defective in acyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase (Aas) produce free fatty acids (FFAs) because the FFAs generated by deacylation of membrane lipids cannot be recycled. An engineered Aas-deficient mutant of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 grew normally under low-light (LL) conditions (50 µmol photons m−2 s−1) but was unable to sustain growth under high-light (HL) conditions (400 µmol photons m−2 s−1), revealing a crucial role of Aas in survival under the HL conditions. Several-times larger amounts of FFAs were produced by HL-exposed cultures than LL-grown cultures. Palmitic acid accounted for ∼85% of total FFAs in HL-exposed cultures, while C18 fatty acids (FAs) constituted ∼80% of the FFAs in LL-grown cultures. Since C16 FAs are esterified to the sn-2 position of lipids in the Synechocystis species, it was deduced that HL irradiation activated deacylation of lipids at the sn-2 position. Heterologous expression of FarB, the FFA exporter protein of Neisseria lactamica, prevented intracellular FFA accumulation and rescued the growth defect of the mutant under HL, indicating that intracellular FFA was the cause of growth inhibition. FarB expression also decreased the ‘per-cell’ yield of FFA under HL by 90% and decreased the proportion of palmitic acid to ∼15% of total FFA. These results indicated that the HL-induced lipid deacylation is triggered not by strong light per se but by HL-induced damage to the cells. It was deduced that there is a positive feedback loop between HL-induced damage and lipid deacylation, which is lethal unless FFA accumulation is prevented by Aas.
Mechanism and Potential Treatment of the 'No Reflow' Phenomenon After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Role of Pericytes and GPR39.

The 'no reflow' phenomenon, where the coronary artery is patent after treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) but tissue perfusion is not restored, is associated with worse outcome. The mechanism of no reflow is unknown. We hypothesized that pericytes contraction, in an attempt to maintain a constant capillary hydrostatic pressure during reduced coronary perfusion pressure, causes capillary constriction leading to no reflow, and that this effect is mediated through the orphan receptor, GPR39, present in pericytes. We created AMI (coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion) in GPR39 knock out mice and littermate controls. In a separate set of experiments we treated wild-type mice undergoing coronary occlusion with vehicle or VC43, a specific inhibitor of GPR39, prior to reperfusion. We found that no reflow zones were significantly smaller in the GPR39 knockouts compared to controls. Both no reflow and infarct size were also markedly smaller in animals treated with VC43 compared with vehicle. Immunohistochemistry revealed greater capillary density and larger capillary diameter at pericyte locations in the GPR39 knockout and VC43 treated mice compared to controls. We conclude that GPR39 mediated pericyte contraction during reduced coronary perfusion pressure causes capillary constriction resulting in no reflow during AMI, and that smaller no reflow zones in GPR39 knockout and VC43 treated animals are associated with smaller infarct sizes. These results elucidate the mechanism of no reflow in AMI as well as providing a therapeutic pathway for the condition.
Reproducibility of 7‐T brain spectroscopy using an ultrashort echo time STimulated Echo Acquisition Mode sequence and automated voxel repositioning

Establishing the reproducibility of brain MRS is important for clinical studies so that researchers can evaluate changes in metabolites due to treatment or the course of a disease and better understand the brain in healthy and disordered states. Prior 7‐T MRS reproducibility studies using the stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) sequence have focused on the anterior cingulate cortex or posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of metabolite measurements in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) using an ultrashort echo time (TE) STEAM sequence and automated voxel repositioning. Spectra were acquired during two scan sessions from nine subjects using the AutoAlign method for voxel repositioning. Reproducibility was evaluated with coefficients of variation (CVs) and percentage differences. The mean intrasubject CVs were less than 6% for the major metabolites glutamate, N‐acetylaspartate, total creatine, total choline, and myo‐inositol. The mean CVs were less than 20% for the smaller signals of GABA, glutamine, glutathione, and taurine. These results indicate that 7‐T MRS using a STEAM sequence with ultrashort TE and automated voxel repositioning provides excellent reproducibility of metabolites in the DLPFC.
Exceptionally potent human monoclonal antibodies are effective for prophylaxis and therapy of tetanus in mice.

Human monoclonal antibodies were used here to study the mechanism of neuron intoxication by tetanus neurotoxin and to evaluate them as a safe preventive and therapeutic substitute of hyperimmune sera for tetanus in mice. By screening memory B cells of immune donors, we selected two monoclonal antibodies specific for tetanus neurotoxin with exceptionally high neutralizing activities, which were extensively characterized both structurally and functionally. We found that these antibodies interfere with the binding and translocation of the neurotoxin into neurons by interacting with two epitopes, whose definition pinpoints crucial events in the cellular pathogenesis of tetanus. This information explains the unprecedented neutralization ability of these antibodies, which were found to be exceptionally potent in preventing experimental tetanus when injected in mice long before the neurotoxin. Moreover, their Fab derivatives neutralized tetanus neurotoxin in post-exposure experiments, suggesting their potential therapeutic use via intrathecal injection. As such, these human monoclonal antibodies, as well as their Fab derivatives, meet all requirements for being considered for prophylaxis and therapy of human tetanus and are ready for clinical trials.
Taking Digital Product Design Coordination to the Next Level by Elastic Zooming and Linecept

1 PROBLEM Currently, we use a multitude of computing environments in our daily lives, and these devices are increasingly becoming an essential part of our everyday lives [7, 10]. For example, someone might start the day by reviewing notifcations on a smartwatch, move to browsing the news and quickly responding to emails during breakfast on a smartphone, and then using a laptop and digital whiteboard during work hours to send emails and facilitate meetings. Sometimes, even multiple computing environments are used in parallel to fulfll a task — Waeljas et al. describe these are multi-channeled and crossmedia service experiences [12]. However, because existing software programs are seldom able to provide a seamless experience across multiple devices, users are forced to “act as the bridge connecting their devices” [4]. This bridging creates additional burdens on users, which have been found to increase cognitive load [4]. Additionally, even on the same screen, we use variable viewport sizes to run multiple software applications. These phenomena are more and more observable on handheld devices as well. In digital product design, the use of multiple devices and multiple software is even more augmented as a wide variety of stakeholders with diferent cultural backgrounds and tool preferences need to work together in order to efciently deliver scalable and secure digital solutions to billions of customers. Until now, there has yet to be a uniform visualization technique that can serve as a main metaphor for user interfaces across a wide variety of screen sizes and shapes to access information. Such a uniform solution would allow a user to interact with displayed information in a fully consistent way from
Plenoptic microscopy and photography from intensity correlations

We present novel methods to perform plenoptic imaging at the diffraction limit by measuring intensity correlations of light. The first method is oriented towards plenoptic microscopy, a promising technique which allows refocusing and depth-of-field enhancement, in post-processing, as well as scanning free 3D imaging. To overcome the limitations of standard plenoptic microscopes, we propose an adaptation of Correlation Plenoptic Imaging (CPI) to the working conditions of microscopy. We consider and compare different architectures of CPI microscopes, and discuss the improved robustness with respect to previous protocols against turbulence around the sample. The second method is based on measuring correlations between the images of two reference planes, arbitrarily chosen within the tridimensional scene of interest, providing an unprecedented combination of image resolution and depth of field. The results lead the way towards the realization of compact designs for CPI devices.
Tracking on-orbit changes in response versus scan angle for MODIS reflective solar bands using Dome C

MODIS instruments have been operating over 21 and 19 years on the Terra and Aqua spacecraft, respectively. As both instruments continue to operate beyond their design lifetime of 6 years, relying on the on-board calibrators alone is proving a challenge to accurately characterize their response at all scan angles, especially for the reflective solar bands. This study presents an alternative approach that relies on Earth view responses at multiple scan angles from a single site over Dome Concordia (Dome C), Antarctica, one of the most homogeneous land surfaces uniformly covered by snow. This approach has advantages of more frequent overpasses over the entire scan angle range than the desert sites.
Restoration of degraded Suomi-NPP VIIRS DNB nighttime imagery induced by electronic bias change

Increased striping was observed in Suomi-NPP VIIRS DNB nighttime imagery after a flight software update on January 8, 2020. It occurred after an onboard computer reboot, resulting in a sudden change in the HGS dark offset. The sudden change made the HGS DN0 (dark offset) LUT outdated, eventually degrading the nighttime imagery. Analysis of the DNB monthly calibration data collected before and after the flight software update indicated that the sudden change in the HGS dark offset was induced by an unexpected change of the HGS electronic bias after an onboard computer reboot during the flight software update. An algorithm capable of correcting the sudden change while also eliminating star light contamination has been adopted for determining the DN0 LUT since the DNB monthly calibration starting in late January 2020. Nighttime image quality affected by the electronic bias change has been restored after the LUT update.
Group authentication and key distribution for sensors in wireless body area network

Wireless body area network can be employed to collect patient’s electronic health data. To guarantee the reliability and confidentiality of the collected data, secure data transmission in wireless body area network is required. In wireless body area network, a mutual authentication process has to be carried out between the controller and sensors to ensure their legitimacy, and a key distribution mechanism is required to secure communication after successful mutual authentication. Li et al. proposed a cryptographic solution, which allows group device pairing authentication and key agreement but has low authentication efficiency and key leakage problems. To address these issues, a group authentication and key distribution scheme is proposed in this article. It enables effectively mutual authentication between controller and sensors, supports all signatures of sensors in the group to be checked by the controller through aggregation verification to achieve efficient authentication, and allows key distribution during authentication to improve the computation efficiency. Security analysis indicates that the proposed scheme enjoys existentially unforgeability, and theoretical and experimental comparison demonstrates its practicality in terms of computation and communication cost.
Recent developments and future perspectives on neuroelectronic devices

Abstract Neuroscientific discoveries and the development of recording and stimulation tools are deeply connected. Over the past decades, the progress in seamlessly integrating such tools in the form of neuroelectronic devices has been tremendous. Here, we review recent advances and key aspects of this goal. Firstly, we illustrate improvements with respect to the coupling between cells/tissue and recording/stimulation electrodes. Thereafter, we cover attempts to mitigate the foreign body response by reducing the devices’ invasiveness. We follow up with a description of specialized electronic hardware aimed at the needs of bioelectronic applications. Lastly, we outline how additional modalities such as optical techniques or ultrasound could in the future be integrated into neuroelectronic implants. Zusammenfassung Neurowissenschaftliche Entdeckungen und die Entwicklung von Ableitungs- und Stimulationsmethoden sind stark verknüpft. Im Laufe der letzten Jahrzehnte hat sich ein immenser Fortschritt im Hinblick auf die nahtlose Integration solcher Methoden in Form von neuroelektronischen Schnittstellen ergeben. In diesem Artikel geben wir einen Überblick über aktuelle Entwicklungen in diesem Feld. Wir beleuchten zuerst Verbesserungen der Kopplung zwischen Zellen/Gewebe und Ableitungs- bzw. Stimulationselektroden. Danach betrachten wir Ansätze zur Vermeidung von Fremdkörperreaktionen durch eine reduzierte Invasivität der Schnittstellen. Anschließend beschreiben wir spezialisierte elektronische Hardware für bioelektronische Anwendungen. Zuletzt zeigen wir auf, wie neue Modalitäten z.B. durch optische Techniken oder Ultraschall zukünftig in neuroelektronische Implantate integriert werden könnten.