Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strain Measurements Using Fibre Bragg Grating Sensor

Fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are widely accepted as strain and vibration monitoring devices for advanced composite mechanical structures. The advantages of using the FBG sensors include their small physical size, insensitivity to electromagnetic interference, lightweight, multiplex ability and ability to be used at relatively high temperature and environmentally unfavorable conditions. However, most research related to the use of embedded FBG sensors has only focused on the static strain measurement and identification of vibration mode shapes of the structures. The fiber optic grating sensors have been used in this research work in static operating conditions. The feasibility of using a FBG sensor system in real-time monitoring of strain in an optic fibre has been demonstrated experimentally. In this paper a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing system for strain measurements is being described. Low cost and simple grating-based FBGS has been used to produce the strain and induce Bragg wavelength shift. Experimental and theoretical results showing the capability of the proposed system to perform strain measurements and giving a linear response are presented.
The detection of lung cancer using MTANN (Massive Training Artificial Neural Network) based soft tissue technique

Background An existing computer aided detection (CAD) scheme faces major issues during subtle nodule recognition. However, radiologists have not noticed subtle nodules in beginning stage of lung cancer. Method In the proposed computer aided detection (CAD) system, this issue has been resolved by creating MTANN based soft tissue technique from the lung segmented x-ray image. X-ray images are downloaded using JSRT(Japanese society of radiological technology) image set. JSRT image set includes 233 images (140 nodule x-ray images and 93 normal x-ray images). A mean size for a nodule is 17.8 mm and it is validated with computed tomography (CT) image. Thirty percent (42/140) abnormal represent subtle nodules and it is split into five stages (tremendously subtle, very subtle, subtle, observable, relatively observable) by radiologists. Result An existing computer aided detection (CAD) scheme attained 66.42% (93/140) sensitivity having 2.5 false positives (FPs) per image. Utilizing MTANN based soft tissue technique, many nodules superimposed by ribs as well as clavicles have identified (sensitivity is 72.85% (102/140) at one false positive rate). Conclusion In particular, proposed computer aided detection (CAD) system using soft tissue technique determine sensitivity in support of subtle nodules (14/42=33.33%) is statistically higher than CAD (13/42=30.95%) scheme without soft tissue technique. A proposed CAD scheme attained tremendously minimum false positive rate and it is a promising technique in support of cancerous recognition.
Double MOSFET switching for reducing radiated emission on the wires to power electronic equipment

By reducing the RF emission from power electronic equipments, the electromagnetic environment will be improved, which is a big concern when the number of power electronic equipment around us increases, for example in vehicles. In this thesis a circuit made of double MOSFET’s have been developed to switch a load in such a manner the RF emissions are reduced. The designed circuit for switching a load with two MOSFET's is made up of some different major parts. An integrator and an RCD-snubber together with a diode configuration are affecting the rise- and fall-time for the signals to the load so the sum of the two output signals becomes constant. A PD-regulator act as feedback to the MOSFET that acting as a slave in order to ensure that the rise and fall signals are as much as possible in synchronism. The evaluation of the practical circuit shows that it is possible to lower the RF emission compared to switching with one MOSFET. However, for the case of a load having a low resistance and a substantial inductance, the result was less accurate.
MASTER2 PROJECT PROPOSAL: Modelling and control of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) under unbalanced-grid conditions

Energy systems and grids are nowadays shifting towards carbon-free, renewable-energy-based, modular and flexible operation. In this context, the multiple technological shifts must be accompanied by modelling and control paradigm shifts, to fully enable efficiency growth and reduced costs along with smooth and safe operation and eased maintenance. Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) represent an evolution in the power electronics converters technology, that consists in multiplying number of layers containing switching devices, which are thus required to operate at a switching frequency being lower than in previous converter topologies. Lower losses and higher operating efficiency are thus obtained. Multilevel topology also ensures improved harmonic performance at a given switching frequency [1]. MMCs are a promising solution to high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission systems over long distances, to facilitate grid integration of renewable energy systems, being thus coherent with long-term European strategies of renewable grid-integration.
The Photo-Realistic AFIT Virtual Cockpit.

Abstract : The Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) has pursued research in virtual environments since 1988. This research expands the current capabilities of the AFIT Virtual Cockpit (VC) by increasing the realism of the cockpit environment and improving the pilot's command interface. Realism is improved creating console elements from texture maps and polygonal models; these elements include working dials, switches and circuit breakers. The pilot command interface is improved in part by adapting the AFIT Information Pod using a two-dimensional mouse input to the virtual three-dimensional environment. This immersive virtual environment is also improved by modifications to the Head Mounted Display (HMD) reducing jitter and allowing the simulation pilot to adjust his/her position within the cockpit.
Cybersecurity Challenges for Program Managers

Abstract : Cybersecurity threats to Department of Defense (DoD) acquisition programs are both challenging and complex. Program managers (PMs) have the daunting responsibility to minimize cybersecurity vulnerabilities in their systems against current and future cybersecurity threats. To effectively address cybersecurity threats in DoD acquisition programs, PMs need a combination of the right policies, processes, people and tools. Furthermore, cybersecurity is dynamic by nature, requiring proactive engagement and expertise to minimize risk throughout the acquisition life cycle. Effective cybersecurity can only be achieved through a holistic approach that takes into account more than just information assurance compliance. This holistic approach includes areas of known cybersecurity risk for DoD programs and provides an effective framework for developing, planning and implementing an effective cybersecurity strategy.
Optical coating technology

Organized around the key subjects associated with functions of optical thin film performance, this book provides a valuable resource in the field of thin film technology. The information is widely backed up with citations to patents and published literature. Many questions are answered, such as: what are the conventions for a given analysis formalism? and, what other design approaches have been tried for this application? This book represents the experience of Philip Baumeister's 25 years of teaching classes on Optical Thin Film Technology at the UCLA Extension Program, and at companies worldwide.
Global DNA 5hmC and CK19 with 5hmC positives cell contents represent a promising biomarker for predicting prognosis in small hepatocellular carcinoma

Background: 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) exists dynamically and exhibits various regulatory functions. It’s possibly associated with tumor occurrence and malignant transformation. Nevertheless, the part of 5hmC in small hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC) is still elusive. The study was directed toward characterizing 5hmC content in SHCC and assessing if global genomic 5hmC content was able to serve as a promising factor for predicting clinical results.Methods: The expression contens of 5mC, 5hmC and 5fC were assesed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS). 5hmC contens and CK19 expression were measured by immunohistochemistry(IHC) . Results: The findings in the study displayed that global genomic 5mC, 5hmC, and 5fC contents in SHCC specimens were globally reduced relative to para-tumor tissues (P<0.001), Lymph node metastasis may be found in the small HCC, the non-metastasis group exhibited higher 5mC and 5hmc contents relative to those in metastasis group (P<0.001). HBV DNA was relevant to the decrease in 5mC, 5hmC and 5fC, as evidenced by the measurements in cell lines carrying or not carrying HBV DNA. Moreover, the correlation analysis showed the negative correlation of the content of 5hmC with CK19 expression in SHCC. The decreases of both 5hmC and CK19 with 5hmC positives cell contents in genomic DNA were related to SHCC patients’ unfavorable prognosis. Compared with para-tumor tissues, the 5hmC content in SHCC specimems was dramatically reduced.Conclusions: 5hmC and CK19 with 5hmC positives cell contents in genomic DNA possibly serve as a promising biomarker for predicting prognosis in small hepatocellular carcinoma.
Compact Loop Atenna for Multi-Bands Mobile Hndset Applications

This paper focuses on the design of compact planar multiband antennas intended for existing wireless services including GSM 850, GSM 900, DCS 1800, PCS 1900, WLAN and Wi-MAX for 3:1 VSWR. Because of it has two-dimensional structure, the prototype is printed on RF4 substrate with 0.8mm thickness with overall dimensions of this antenna is 112x45mm. The simulation performed in this paper used a CST Microwave Studio to optimally design the antenna. The current study simulated the antenna parameters including reflection coefficient, radiation characteristics, gain, and radiation efficiency to validate the proposed antenna.
Transcriptome and expression analysis of Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) in response to cycloxaprid

Background The white backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), causes substantial damage to many crops by direct feeding or transmitting plant viruses, especially southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) that has become a great threat to rice production in East Asia. Cycloxaprid, a novel cis-nitromethylene neonicotinoid insecticide, has good industrialization prospects because of its high efficiency against rice planthoppers, including imidacloprid-resistant populations. This chemical would be used extensively in future. However, very little is known about the influence on S. furcifera after cycloxaprid application at the molecular level. We sequenced S. furcifera transcriptome of female adult of S. furcifera using the Illumina sequencing. Results By de novo transcriptome assembling and massive parallel pyrosequencing, we constructed two transcriptomes of S. furcifera and profiled the alternation of gene expression in response to cycloxaprid treatment in transcriptional level. Over 157,906,456 nucleotides and 131,601 different unigenes were generated using Illumina technology from both cycloxaprid-treatment and no-treatment S. furcifera. And a total of 38,534 unigenes matched known proteins in at least one database, accounting for 29.28% in total unigenes. The number of Coding DNA Sequence (CDS) were 28,546 and that of the amino acid sequence of coding region were 22,299. A total 15,868 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified. The trinucleotide repeats accounted for 45.1% (7,157) in total SSRs and the (AAG/CTT)n was the most frequent motif. There were 359 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that might be induced by cycloxaprid. There were 131 genes up-regulated and 228 down-regulated. 22 unigenes may take participate in the resistance to cycloxaprid, such as cytochrome P450, Glutathione-s transferase (GST), Acid phosphatase (ACP), cadherin, etc. Conclusions Our study will provide a splendid database for future investigations of the resistance mechanism induced by cycloxaprid and will provide new strategies for pest management and crop protection.
Multi-Sensor Towed Array Detection System (MTADS)

Abstract : UXO is a serious and prevalent environmental problem currently facing DoD facility managers. Mitigation and remediation activities are often hindered by the fact that UXO is colocated with other environmental threats including ordnance explosives wastes (OEW), chemical wastes, and other toxic and hazardous materials. Not limited to active sites and test ranges, these problems also occur at DoD sites that are currently dormant, and in areas adjacent to military ranges that belong to the civilian sector or are under control of other government agencies. Traditional techniques for UXOdetection, site characterization, and remediation are very slow, labor intensive, and inefficient. Typical detection and characterization technologies involve hand-held detectors operated by explosives ordnance disposal (EOD) or civilian technicians who must slowly walk across a survey area. Time consuming and sometimes dangerous, this process has been well documented as inefficient,1 as well as marginally effective. Many ordnance items are disguised by the presence of extensive surface clutter and frag from ordnance operations. Large and deep ordnance targets are often not found, because either their footprints are too large to be visualized by the walking operator or their signatures are lost in magnetic disturbances associated with geophysical anomalies. Developing an image of a deep target, especially in a field of shallow targets, is most difficult for the hand-held surveyor.
Quad Rotorcraft Control: Vision-Based Hovering and Navigation

Quad Rotorcraft Control develops original control methods for the navigation and hovering flight of an autonomous mini-quad-rotor robotic helicopter. These methods use an imaging system and a combination of inertial and altitude sensors to localize and guide the movement of the unmanned aerial vehicle relative to its immediate environment. The history, classification and applications of UAVs are introduced, followed by a description of modelling techniques for quad-rotor's and the experimental platform itself. A control strategy for the improvement of attitude stabilization in quad-rotor's is then proposed and tested in real-time experiments. The strategy, based on the use low-cost components and with experimentally-established robustness, avoids drift in the UAV's angular position by the addition of an internal control loop to each electronic speed controller ensuring that, during hovering flight, all four motors turn at almost the same speed. The quad-rotor's Euler angles being very close to the origin, other sensors like GPS or image-sensing equipment can be incorporated to perform autonomous positioning or trajectory-tracking tasks. Two vision-based strategies, each designed to deal with a specific kind of mission, are introduced and separately tested. The first stabilizes the quad-rotor over a landing pad on the ground; it extracts the 3-dimensional position using homography estimation and derives translational velocity by optical flow calculation. The second combines colour-extraction and line-detection algorithms to control the quad-rotor's 3-dimensional position and achieves forward velocity regulation during a road-following task. In order to estimate the translational-dynamical characteristics of the quad-rotor (relative position and translational velocity) as they evolve within a building or other unstructured, GPS-deprived environment, imaging, inertial and altitude sensors are combined in a state observer. The text give the reader a current view of the problems encountered in UAV control, specifically those relating to quad-rotor flying machines and it will interest researchers and graduate students working in that field. The vision-based control strategies presented help the reader to a better understanding of how an imaging system can be used to obtain the information required for performance of the hovering and navigation tasks ubiquitous in rotored UAV operation.
Effects of Endurance Training on Heat-Exercise Tolerance in Men Wearing NBC Protective Clothing

Abstract : Protective clothing imposes significant physiological and psychological stresses on the human body and may limit work tolerance, especially in hot environments. The additional strains imposed by protective clothing arise mainly because it is difficult for sweat to evaporate through relatively impermeable fabrics. Endurance training is a commonly adopted tactic to improve tolerance times when individuals must work in the heat. Potential benefits include improved physical fitness, increased sweating, and expanded plasma volume. However, it is unclear whether such responses develop and/or are helpful when wearing protective garments with limited vapor permeability. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine the influence. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine the influence of endurance training on exercise tolerance in a hot environment when subjects were wearing either normal light combat clothing or clothing offering protection against nuclear, biological and/or chemical (NBC) agents.
Improving the performance of combined heat and power plants through integration with cellulosic ethanol production

In this paper, the configuration and performance of a polygeneration system are studied by modelling the integration of a lignocellulosic wood-to-ethanol process with an existing combined heat and power (CHP) plant. Data from actual plants are applied to validate the simulation models. The integrated polygeneration system reaches a total efficiency of 50%, meeting the heating load in the district heating system. Excess heat from the ethanol production plant supplies 7.9MWto the district heating system, accounting for 17.5% of the heat supply at full heating load. The simulation results show that the production of ethanol from woody biomass is more efficient when integrated with a CHP plant compared to a stand-alone production plant. The total biomass consumption is reduced by 13.9% while producing the same amounts of heat, electricity and ethanol fuel as in the stand-alone configurations. The results showed that another feature of the integrated polygeneration system is the longer annual operating period compared to existing cogeneration. Thus, the renewable electricity production is increased by 2.7% per year.
Optimal design of hybrid optical digital imaging systems

Several types of pupil modulation have been reported to decrease the aberration variance of the modulation-transfer-function (MTF) in aberration-tolerant hybrid optical-digital imaging systems. It is common to enforce restorability constraints on the MTF, requiring trade of aberration-tolerance and noise-gain. In this thesis, instead of optimising specific MTF characteristics, the expected imaging-error of the joint design is minimised directly. This method is used to compare commonly used phase-modulation functions. The analysis shows how optimal imaging performance is obtained using moderate phasemodulation, and more importantly, it shows the relative merits of different functions. It is shown that the technique is readily integrable with off-the-shelf optical design software, which is demonstrated with the optimisation of a wide-angle reflective system with significant off-axis aberrations. The imaging error can also be minimised for amplitudeonly masks. It is shown that phase aberrations in an imaging system can be mitigated using binary amplitude masks. This offers a low-cost, transmission-mode alternative to phase correction as used in active and adaptive optics. More efficient masks can be obtained by the optimisation of the imaging fidelity.
Novel diagnostic technologies for optical communication systems

The objective of this thesis was to develop novel technologies for measuring the physical characteristics of high-speed pulse trains, for use in performance monitoring applications. This thesis describes the development of three separate techniques that perform measurements in either the time domain, frequency domain or the phase space of the optical signal. The first section investigates phase-sensitive pulse measurement techniques. A highresolution SHG-FROG apparatus was custom-designed to measure 40GHz RZ pulse trains, from which an operational characterisation of a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) was realised. A numerical model of a nonlinear pulse compressor was developed to compress 40GHz RZ pulses from 8.5ps down to 3.4ps. These pulses were time-division multiplexed to 80GHz, and phase-retrievals of the 80GHz pulse trains were measured. A comparison between the techniques of SHG-FROG and linear spectrogram has been undertaken for 10GHz pulse sources, exposing SHG-FROG’s weaknesses at this particular repetition rate. The second section investigates a simple, time-averaged, nonlinear detection technique. Two-photon absorption in a GaAs/InGaAs quantum-well laser diode was used to measure the duty cycle (and by extension, the pulse duration) of a range of pulse sources. This technique was further developed to measure the extinction ratio of NRZ pulse trains. Additionally, the pulse duration of a mode-locked laser source was measured using the nonlinear absorption in a 1-m length of As2Se3 Chalcogenide glass fiber. This demonstrates that the nonlinear properties of this glass may well find application in future instrumentation. The third section investigates the development of an ultra-high resolution swept heterodyne spectrometer. This spectrometer was used to spectrally-distinguish repetitive 8-bit NRZ patterns at 2.5Gbit/s. It was also used to measure the chirp parameter of an X-cut LiNbO3 MZM, revealing a chirp parameter of απ/2 < 0.1 across a modulation bandwidth of 250-2500MHz. Additionally, the distinctive CW spectrum of a DFB laser diode
Reliability and Service Life Concepts for Sonar Transducer Applications.

Abstract : In recent years, the Navy has begun to include reliability requirements in procurement specifications for wet-end sonar hardware. For the most part the requested reliability evaluations have focused on exponential modeling and the use of handbook methods originally developed primarily for electronics systems. In this report, we examine the relevance of this and other approaches. Reliability concepts are reviewed without restricting their scope to the description of a single class of operating behavior. The discussion begins with the indoctrination of the mathematical functions most commonly used in reliability descriptions. Modeling of the constant, increasing, and decreasing hazard rate situations is discussed. Reliability and service-life concepts are compared and contrasted from the prediction viewpoint. The task of demonstrating reliability in as-built equipment is also dealt with. The report calls attention to some of the special problems such as limited production and long intended life associated with evaluating sonar equipment reliability. It concludes with several recommendations directed toward the systematic improvement of sonar hardware. (Author)