Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Avoiding costly mistakes in groups: The evolution of error management in collective decision making

Individuals continuously have to balance the error costs of alternative decisions. A wealth of research has studied how single individuals navigate this, showing that individuals develop response biases to avoid the more costly error. We, however, know little about the dynamics in groups facing asymmetrical error costs and when social influence amplifies either safe or risky behavior. Here, we investigate this by modeling the decision process and information flow with a drift–diffusion model extended to the social domain. In the model individuals first gather independent personal information; they then enter a social phase in which they can either decide early based on personal information, or wait for additional social information. We combined the model with an evolutionary algorithm to derive adaptive behavior. We find that under asymmetric costs, individuals in large cooperative groups do not develop response biases because such biases amplify at the collective level, triggering false information cascades. Selfish individuals, however, undermine the group’s performance for their own benefit by developing higher response biases and waiting for more information. Our results have implications for our understanding of the social dynamics in groups facing asymmetrical errors costs, such as animal groups evading predation or police officers holding a suspect at gunpoint.
Edge coupled microstrip resonators with periodical slot loading

Periodically capacitive loaded half wavelength microstrip resonator and edge coupled microstrip resonator have been studied. This novel structure with the slow wave effect has higher quality factor compared to conventional single/coupled microstrip resonator. The variation of resonant frequency and the quality factor with the number of slots has been examined.
Block Scheduling Effectiveness: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study of One Georgia School System's Test Score Indicators

A case study of the effectiveness of high school block scheduling in an urban school system was examined by considering whether the changed schedule resulted in an increase in test scores on several measures such as the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), Advanced Placement Tests (AP), and state mandated graduation examinations. Ten years of data were gathered from the public report card on the state website. In the school system under investigation, student scores on quantitative and verbal Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) showed a significant upward trend over 10 years. Over the same 10 years, Advanced Placement Test (AP) passing rates showed an upward development. An upward trend was also found for student scores on the state mandated graduation examinations in all four subject areas: mathematics, language arts, science, and social studies. The authors suggested school systems should consider the impact of block scheduling on student achievement measures.
Novel electro-optic devices

Three novel optic components utilizing linear electro-optic effect are described for applications in voice and data communication. These active components are a tunable micro lens, variable optical attenuator, and optical switches. They are essential building blocks of planar integrated lightwave circuits and can be fabricated using mature semiconductor processing technologies. Numerical results obtained by BPM (Beam Propagation Method) show that switching and tuneablity can be realized by using commercially available electro-optic materials and semiconductor fabrication technologies.
Me While I am Learning Mathematics: Reflections to Elementary School Students Drawings

Each child will not become senior mathematicians in the future but all children have the right to get learning opportunities which he/she can develop his/her mathematical understanding at school. The success of children in mathematics is closely related to how they are taught mathematics. At this point, the role of teaching mathematics stands out in elementary school since they first encounter mathematics as a subject. Elementary school is the place where students first experience success or failure in mathematics. Therefore, the fundamentals of students' tendencies towards mathematics which will set and affect their future learning life are also laid here. The present study aims to examine the perceptions of elementary school students towards learning mathematics by means of their drawings. Drawings are tools for children to express themselves; they provide information about students' drawings on their classes and their understanding of teaching. In this context, based on the experiences of elementary school students, the phenomenon of learning mathematics was aimed to be defined from their perspective. This research employed phenomenology as a qualitative research design. The study group of the research consisted of 326 elementary school students. The data were collected through the drawings of students on the subject of "me while I am learning mathematics". Content analysis was used in the analysis of the data. According to the research results, it is seen that the math learning environment is usually classroom; people in the learning environment are usually teacher and student(s); materials in the learning environment are general items in the classroom environment; symbols in the learning environment are usually numeral-number-four operation
Quantitative nondestructive estimation of deep defects in conductive structures

Eddy current testing (ECT) is a widely used nondestructive testing method in many such fields as the power system, railway, machinery, aircraft and nuclear industries. Beca use of the limitation of penetration depth of the conventional eddy currents testing coils and other affecting factors existin g in the eddy current response, inverse problems to evaluate the deep defects from ECT signals of the conductive materials have been a challenging task. The objectives of this study are to int roduce methods based on the fuzzy Bayesian networks (BNs), and the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensors to estimate the deep defects from their ECT signals. The experimental validation carried out on the specimens with different known defects confirmed the suitability of the proposed approach for deep defects evaluation.
Hans Eysenck

Hans Jurgen Eysenck (b. 1916–d. 1997) was a towering figure in personality psychology, notable for the audacity of his theorizing, the expansive scope of his empirical research, and the often-controversial views he expressed. Eysenck was the most significant figure in the history of British psychology by almost any measure. He is also likely to remain so because historical circumstances ensured he had an impact on a developing discipline that can never be duplicated. Eysenck was born in Berlin in 1916 at the height of the Great War, the only child of German film and stage performers Ruth Werner (aka Helga Molander) and Eduard Eysenck. The toxic prewar political climate in Germany saw him emigrate to England in 1934 soon after finishing secondary school. Almost by accident, Eysenck took up psychology at University College, London, and was mentored by Cyril Burt. He was almost interred as an enemy alien during the early stages of the war but was subsequently recruited by Aubrey Lewis in 1942 to lead the psychology program at Mill Hill Emergency Hospital – which functioned as the relocated Maudsley Hospital at the time. After the war, Lewis founded the Institute of Psychiatry, adjacent and affiliated with the Maudsley in south London. By 1955, Eysenck was made full professor within an independent psychology department at the institute and remained there for the rest of his career. Eysenck took the individual differences approach pioneered by Spearman and Burt to a new level. He developed a distinctively programmic approach that began with his derivation of three key dimensions of personality: neuroticism, extraversion, and psychoticism. Much of Eysenck’s later research explored how these dimensional differences played out across a wide variety of areas. Eysenck also attempted to give his personality dimensions a neurobiological basis. Eysenck’s research legacy was assured by his huge output—at least eighty-five books and more than a thousand scientific papers, many highly cited. He also laid the blueprint for the development of clinical psychology in Britain, founded several journals and professional associations, and trained many students. Yet Eysenck was full of contradictions. He advocated a no-nonsense, empirical rigor, but his critics came to distrust the numbers he presented. He consistently lambasted psychoanalysis at the height of its mainstream influence but took fringe areas such as astrology, ESP, and parapsychology seriously. For much of his career, this quiet, introverted man was the public face of the discipline in Britain. Many of his books were geared to popular audiences. However, Eysenck’s late career interventions in the race and IQ debate and the smoking and health issue would cement his polarizing reputation as a fearless, if politically incorrect, controversialist.
Calibration and testing of integrated thermal airflow sensors

1.The transfer function of an integrated thermal airflow sensor strongly depends on its packaging. (Chapter 3) 2.Computer simulation of thermal airflow sensors appears still to consume more time than measurements on physical devices. (Chapter 3) 3.The calibration of thermal airflow sensors can be reduced to mathematical post-processing. (Chapter 3) 4.If a thermal airflow sensor is covered with water, real-time error correction is not possible. (Chapter 4) 5.Revision of your own work is like a two-edged knife. 6.Democracy is not a gift. It has to be conquered. 7.The strength of a fighter does not depend on his specific martial art, but on how he is able to use different fight skills. 8.One really understands a subject, if one can explain it to others. 9.The ability to follow a rhythm helps you to go on, but the ability to vary a rhythm helps you to be successful. 10. "Woe to thee, O land, when thy king is a child. " (Ecclesiastes 10:16, KJV)
A Framework for Agent-Based Traffic Light Control

As traffic congestion rises within large cities, intelligent traffic control is becoming increasingly important. In this filed, intelligent traffic light control has received much attention. Considering the distributed characteristic of traffic light, multi-agent system can simulate the traffic light control easily. Based on analyzing the traffic light pattern at junctions, an agent-based framework is proposed in this paper, which consists of two kinds of agents: system agent and junction agent. System agent is responsible for gathering the history information of different junction agents to preset the time for each traffic light pattern. While, junction agent controls the traffic light at a road junction by preset-observe-ponder-act cycle. The detailed procedure of pondering is also given. In the authors method, not only the history information but also the dynamic data and communication between agents are considered. People expect the proposed framework can provide a more balanced, coordinated and optimal method for the traffic light control.
Modelling of terrain for necessities of military objects movement simulation

A problem of terrain information gaining for objects movement simulation is considered. A mathematical model of terrain based on information from topographical map is presented. This model is used to constructing of trafficable routes network (TRN). Two kinds of TRN, rough and precise, are considered. The first type of the network is based on the real roads in the terrain only. The precise network is constructed basing on partition of the terrain into squares of topographical homogeneous areas. A coding of this information is done by utilization of quadtrees. Examples of creating of TRN are shown.
Probe Design and Construction

A brief review of some interesting aspects of the history of NMR probes is presented, followed by an overview of the basics of NMR probe design and optimization for liquids, solids, and imaging applications. Simple analytical methods are presented for signal-to-noise optimization of single, double-, and triple resonance circuits based on Q-values, magnetic filling factor, and circuit efficiency. Effects of non-ideal components and some data on construction materials are presented. Thermal engineering challenges, with reference to some recent solids probes, are also introduced. Keywords: probes; RF circuits; filling factor; SNR; impedance matching
ReNew Town: Adaptive Urbanism and the Low Carbon Community

Part 1: Sustainable Initiatives 1. Research in Context 2. Assumptions Part 2: Concepts 3. Tama New Town 4. Initial Survey + Preliminary Propositions 5. Abstractions + Typologies Part 3: Applied Prototypes 6. Measuring Performance: Infrastructures 7. Site Concepts 8. Low Density Prototypes 9. Medium Density Prototypes 10. High Density Prototypes 11. Future Directions Appendix: Carbon Calculations
Comparison Between WiMAX and 3GPP LTE

Mobile communication technology evolved rapidly over the last few years due to increasing demands such as accessing Internet services on mobile phones with a better quality of the offered services. In order to fulfil this, wireless telecommunication industry worked hard and defined a new air interface for mobile communications which enhances the overall system performance by increasing the capacity of the system along with improving spectral efficiencies while reducing latencies. For this, two technologies, called Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Third Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution (3GPP LTE), emerged with an aim of providing voice, data, video and multimedia services on mobile phones at high speeds and cheap rates. In this thesis, we have conducted a detailed comparative study between WiMAX and 3GPP LTE by focusing on their first two layers, i.e. Physical and MAC layer. The comparison specifically includes system architecture, radio aspects of the air interface (such as frequency band, radio access modes, multiple access technologies, multiple antenna technologies and modulation), protocol aspects of the air interface (in terms of protocol architecture, modulation and frame structure), mobility and Quality of Service (QoS). We have also given a brief comparative summary of both technologies in our thesis. In the thesis, we investigated the LTE uplink and performed link level simulations of Single Carrier Frequency Domain Equalization (SC-FDE) and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) in comparison with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). The comparison has been in terms of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Symbol Error Rate (SER). In order to verify the theoretical results, we simulated the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of SC-FDMA system in comparison with OFDMA. We also simulated the capacity of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems in comparison with Single Input Single Output (SISO) systems. The simulation was performed on a PC running MATLAB 7.40 (R2007a). The operating system used in the simulation was Microsoft Windows Vista.
Building support for change : a multilevel investigation of factors influencing commitment to change

1 Building Support for Change: Factors Influencing Employees’ Commitment to Change 2 The Present Study 3 Commitment to Change 4 The Influence of Supervisors‟ Commitment to Change on Employees‟ Commitment to Change 6 Change Context 7 The Influence of Change Turbulence on Employees‟ Commitment to Change 8 HRM Practises and its Influence on Employees’ Commitment to Change 9 Change-related Information 10 Change-related Participation 12 Individual Dispositions and its Influence on Employees’ Commitment to Change . 13 Coping with Change 14 Employability 16 Method 17 Context 17 Sample and Procedures 18 Measures 19 Analysis 20 Results 22 Affective Commitment to Change as a Dependent Variable 23 Normative Commitment to Change as a Dependent Variable 28 Continuance Commitment to Change as a Dependent Variable 30 Discussion 32 Limitations and Future Directions 38 Theoretical Implications 40 Practical Implications 41 Conclusion 42 References 43
Electromagnetic-Guided Versus Endoscopic Placement of Nasoenteral Feeding Tubes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objectives: Current evidence supporting the utility of electromagnetic (EM)-guided method as the preferred technique for nasoenteral feeding tube placement is limited. We conducted a meta-analysis to compare the performance of EM-guided versus endoscopic placement.Methods: We searched several databases for all randomized controlled trials evaluating the EM-guided vs. endoscopic placement of nasoenteral feeding tubes up to 28 July 2020. Primary outcome was procedure success rate. Secondary outcomes included reinsertion rate, number of attempts, placement-related complications, tube-related complications, insertion time, total procedure time, patient discomfort, recommendation scores, length of hospital stay, mortality, and total costs. Results: Four trials involving 536 patients were qualified for the final analysis. There was no difference between the two groups in procedure success rate (RR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.91-1.03), reinsertion rate (RR 0.84; 95% CI: 0.59-1.20), number of attempts (WMD -0.23; 95% CI: -0.99-0.53), placement-related complications (RR 0.78; 95% CI: 0.41-1.49), tube-related complications (RR 1.08; 95% CI: 0.82-1.44), total procedure time (WMD -18.09; 95% CI: -38.66-2.47), length of hospital stay (WMD 1.57; 95% CI: -0.33-3.47), ICU mortality (RR 0.80; 95% CI: 0.50-1.29), in-hospital mortality (RR 0.87; 95% CI: 0.59-1.28), and total costs (SMD -1.80; 95% CI: -3.96-0.36). The EM group was associated with longer insertion time (WMD 4.3; 95% CI: 0.2-8.39), higher patient discomfort level (WMD 1.28; 95% CI: 0.46-2.1), and higher recommendation scores (WMD 1.67; 95% CI: 0.24-3.10). Conclusions: EM-guided placement showed similar efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness when compared with endoscopic placement of nasoenteral feeding tubes.
Software dependability in the operational phase

Abstract : This thesis discusses how to develop analysis techniques for evaluating the dependability of operational software using real measurements while taking design issues into account. The issues addressed include fault categorization and characterization of error propagation, symptom-based diagnosis of recurrent software failures, identification of software fault tolerance, evaluation of the impact of software faults on the overall system, and the development of techniques for analyzing multiway failure dependencies among software and hardware modules. The process is illustrated using a case study of the Tandem GUARDIAN operating system. Using process pairs in Tandem systems, which was originally intended for tolerating hardware faults, allows the system to tolerate about 70% of reported faults in the system software that cause processor failures. The loose coupling between processors, which results in the backup execution (the processor state and the sequence of events) being different from the original execution, is a major reason for the measured software fault tolerance. About 72% of reported field software failures in Tandem systems are recurrences of previously reported faults. In addition to the conventional approach of reducing the number of faults in software, software dependability in Tandem systems can be enhanced by reducing the recurrence rate and by improving the robustness of process pairs and the system configuration. An approach for automatically diagnosing recurrences based on their symptoms is developed. The results of evaluations of the effectiveness of the approach show that between 75% and 95% of recurrences can be successfully identified by matching failure symptoms, such as stack traces and problem detection locations. Less than 10% of faults are misdiagnosed.
Development of a precision hot embossing machine with in-process sensing

Microfluidic technologies show great promise in simplifying and speeding biological, medical, and fluidic tasks, but transitioning these technologies from a laboratory environment to a production environment has proven difficult. This work focuses on hot embossing as a process suitable to produce these devices. In this work, a precision micro-embossing machine capable of maintaining precise setpoints in force and temperature input as well as displaying highly linear, repeatable motion and force application is developed and characterized. Additionally, this equipment is then outfitted with additional sensors that allow for three measurements relevant to process physics and product quality to be captured: initial substrate geometry; substrate bulk deformation; and glass transition temperature of the material. These measurements can be captured in-process without modifying the production cycle. The end goal is to incorporate this precision micro-embossing machine into a micro-factory cell and to implement closed-loop cycle-to-cycle process control. Thesis Supervisor: David Hardt Title: Ralph E. and Eloise F. Cross Professor of Mechanical Engineering
Evaluation of the Right2BCared4 pilots. Final report

The Right2BCared4 pilot began in October 2007 in 11 local authorities and is based on the principles that young people: should not be expected to leave care until they are 18 years old should have a greater say in the decision-making process preceding their exit from care should be properly prepared for living independently The most important aspect to this pilot is that the transition from care to independence should be planned and properly managed, that young people should be consulted about their wishes and feelings, and that they should have access to independent advocacy. This is the final report. The research brief is available at: https://dspace.lboro. ac.uk/2134/18376
Assessment to action: New thinking from India

In countries such as India, impressive progress has been made in schooling. More than 95 per cent of children are now enrolled in school. But when we look at children’s learning, the situation is far from satisfactory. Available evidence suggests that in Grade 5, only about half of all enrolled children can read or do arithmetic expected at Grade 2 level. Faced with this crisis, how can assessment lead to effective instruction? ASER (Annual Status of Education Report) uses simple tools to assess the current level of children’s ability to read and to do arithmetic. Using this assessment, children are grouped for instruction by level rather than by grade. Appropriate methods and materials are used for each group to help children begin from where they are today and move to where they need to be. The ‘teaching-at-the-right-level’ approach has been found to be effective in many settings in India for building basic skills quickly. This ‘new thinking’ from India can provide large-scale solutions for the learning crisis faced in many parts of the developing world.