Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuroligin tuning of pharyngeal pumping reveals an extrapharyngeal modulation of Caenorhabditis elegans feeding

The integration of distinct sensory modalities is essential for behavioural decision making. In C. elegans this process is coordinated by neural circuits that integrate sensory cues from the environment to generate an appropriate behaviour at the appropriate output muscles. Food is a multimodal cue that impacts on the microcircuits to modulating feeding and foraging drivers at the level of the pharyngeal and body wall muscle respectively. When food triggers an upregulation in pharyngeal pumping it allows the effective ingestion of food. Here we show that a C. elegans mutant in the single orthologous gene of human neuroligins, nlg-1, is defective in food induced pumping. This is not explained by an inability to sense food, as nlg-1 mutants are not defective in chemotaxis towards bacteria. In addition, we show that neuroligin is widely expressed in the nervous system including AIY, ADE, ALA, URX and HSN neurones. Interestingly, despite the deficit in pharyngeal pumping neuroligin is not expressed within the pharyngeal neuromuscular network, which suggests an extrapharyngeal regulation of this circuit. We resolve electrophysiologically the neuroligin contribution to the pharyngeal circuit by mimicking a food-dependent pumping, and show that the nlg-1 phenotype is similar to mutants impaired in GABAergic and/or glutamatergic signalling. We suggest that neuroligin organizes extrapharyngeal circuits that regulate the pharynx. These observations based on the molecular and cellular determinants of feeding are consistent with the emerging role of neuroligin in discretely impacting functional circuits underpinning complex behaviours. Jo ur na l o f E xp er im en ta l B io lo gy • A cc ep te d m an us cr ip t
Comparative effect of DL-methionine and DL-methionine hydroxy analogue supplemented diet on productive performance, fat accumulation and lipid profile in blood of meat-type ducks

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of DL-methionine (DLM) and DL-methionine hydroxy analogue (DL-MHA) supplementation on the growth performance, carcass quality, fat accumulation and lipid profile in blood of meat-type duck. Three hundred male Cherry Valley ducks were divided into 3 groups with 4 replications of 25 ducklings each. Each group was given a diet as follows: 1) basal diet, 2) basal diet + DLM, and 3) basal diet + DLMHA. The results show that dietary supplementation with DLM and DL-MHA increased body weight (P<0.01), feed intake (P<0.01) and pectoralis major (P<0.05), but decreased abdominal fat (P<0.01) when compared to the basal diet. Supplementation with DL-MHA also resulted in greater levels of triglycerides (P<0.05), low-density lipoprotein (P<0.05) and cholesterol (P<0.05) in the blood compared to the DLM group, in addition to greater levels of triglycerides (P<0.05) and high-density lipoprotein (P<0.05) compared to the basal diet. Furthermore, supplementation with DLM was shown to lower the level of plasma uric acid (P<0.05) compared to the basal diet. It is concluded that DL-MHA can promote the same productive performance in meat-type ducks as DLM, but the fat accumulation and lipid profile in blood was greater with the DL-MHA supplementation than with DLM. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of different effects between DL-MHA and DLM on the lipid metabolism in ducks should be further investigated.
OTT_A_208024 1859..1869

Zhu Wang Yang Li Jian Cao Wei Zhang 1,2 Quan Wang Zhen Zhang 1,2 Zhidong Gao Yingjiang Ye Kewei Jiang Shan Wang 1Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China; 2Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China Background: Recent studies showed that aberrant expression of miRNAs causes tumorsuppressing or promoting effects in various cancers including gastric cancer (GC). Our previous studies showed that lots of miRNAs and mRNA expressed differentially in GC and normal tissues. However, the critical miRNAs and mRNA need to be clarified. Materials and Methods: Microarray sequencing was used to profile the differential expression of miRNAs and mRNA in GC and normal tissues. Bioinformatics analysis and database prediction were used to search the critical miRNAs and mRNA. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), luciferase reporter assay, immunohistochemistry (IHC), wound healing assay and transwell assay were used to clarify the relationship between the target miRNAs andmRNA. Statistical analysis was used to seek their value of diagnosis and prognosis. Results: We identified microRNA-6165 (miR-6165) as a novel cancer-related miRNA in GC through high-throughput microarray sequencing. By bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay, we found STRN4 was the target of miR-6165. Via a series of cell experiments, we determined that miR-6165 suppressed GC cells migration and invasion by targeting STRN4. Also, we discovered the potential diagnosis and prognosis value of miR6165 and STRN4. Conclusion: It was found that miR-6165 might suppress GC migration and invasion by targeting STRN4 in vitro, and the further research should focus more on the potential diagnosis and prognosis value of miR-6165 and STRN4 in gastric cancer patients.
Lipid Molecular Profiling of Nowadays and Future

with comprehensive characterization of molecular structure, especially for GPs, in biological system. Electrospray ion source is most often adopted ionization technique for mass spectrometrybased lipids analysis. All GPs are readily ionizable in the ionization process which could be analyzed as ionized form, and/or cationic/ anionic adducts of them. Formation and abundance of the molecular ion depends on the ionization mode, lipid class, and the presence of appropriate small ions. Analysis of specific GP requires insight into the patterns of collision-induced decomposition for their molecular ions generated in the ionization process. Varied patterns of the molecular fragmentation derived from each molecular ion can inform about specific clues for conducting integral profiling of lipid composition. An approach named “shotgun” lipidomics has been developed to globally analyze the molecular composition of lipids directly from the diluted crude extracts of biological samples without chromatographic separation. Shotgun lipidomics is a multistep method that uses an intra-source separation, multidimensional mass spectrometry, and array analysis [4]. Employing the properties of electro spray ion source, the molecular ion of specific GP is predominantly generated (separated out) by the modification of inflow character and switch of ionization mode. Mass spectrometric analyses are conducted in specific precursor ion or neutral loss scan according to the GP molecular structural features generated in the fragmentation processes to create a multidimensional array of mass spectra. Finally, the molecular species profiles of each GP class can be comprehensively identified and quantified through the array analysis based on a mass spectrum derived from lipid classification-specified fragment ion. Alternatively, diagnosing the Editorial
Congenital hearing loss was not a scary problem: article review

Congenital hearing loss in Indonesia is still not getting optimal treatment. The number of patients from year to year does not get a clear picture and the government program for this problem is still not clearly visible. Patients with hearing loss are a burden of the State response if handled early this problem can show good progress. To Proving that early hearing screening in newborns can reduce complications from congenital hearing loss. Systematic searches were carried out at PubMed, Sciencedirect, ProQuest, Ebsco, and Web of Science to identify peer-reviewed research. The paper used is an original peer-reviewed research article in English that discusses the rehabilitation of children with hearing loss. Papers that meet the criteria are analyzed using PICO. 80% of children with congenital hearing loss identified under the age of 2 years have improved behavior, communication, and knowledge compared to children identified above 2 years. The rehabilitation process for speech ability 83% of children with congenital hearing loss under 2 years have more vocabulary. Rehabilitation costs incurred in children with congenital hearing loss identified >2 years are higher. Early Hearing screening is important to be carried out early on with the aim of preventing speech delay, behavior disorders, and knowledge disturbances. Keyword: Congenital Hearing Loss, early hearing screening, speech delay
Interactive comment on “Shortwave direct radiative effects of above cloud aerosols over global oceans derived from eight years of CALIOP and MODIS observations”

The manuscript discusses the use of CALIPSO and MODIS data for the retrieval of aerosol DRE over clouds at a global scale for 8 years. The presented work is new, of good quality and valuable. The main contribution of the manuscript is the new observations of aerosols over clouds at all parts of the world, for an extensive period, which was hitherto missing in the literature. It will be very helpful to have more observations than only case studies which were so far presented. The combined use of CALIPSO and MODIS is logical and useful, and has the beneﬁt that both scattering and absorb-ing aerosols can be identiﬁed above clouds. This has so far only been achieved with active or polarised measurements, whereas MODIS alone (and other spectrometers) only distinguished aerosol absorption from cloud scattering. The manuscript is clear and well-written and presents interesting results, and therefore warrants publication. However, my main criticism on the manuscript is that the authors present diurnally averaged aerosol DRE based on instanteneous measurements only, and argue that this is better than previous studies that presented instantaneous DRE, with the argument that diurnally averaged vales are easier to compare. However, the assumptions made by the authors in order to derive diurnally averaged aerosol DRE, introduce large uncertainties in the presented results which are not evaluated. Instead of a diurnally averaged DRE, the authors in fact derive an instanteneous DRE, convolved with the diurnally varying solar radiation. In the error analysis, all or most
The cultural shift The influence of changing cultural preferences on the gap between the lowly and highly educated

Summary The academic field and popular media both describe a gap between the lowly and highly educated, concluding that they live in separate worlds. In the past 60 years a shift in cultural consumption has occurred. The elite in the 60’s, and thus highly educated, consumed exclusionary high-brow cultures diverting themselves away from the low-brow mass culture. The 90’s brought a new pattern of cultural consumption, the general trend being the inclusion of both low- and high-brow cultures. The highly educated became omnivorous in their cultural consumption and the lowly educated became univorous, initiating the omnivore-univore distinction. The overlap in cultural consumption could influence the segregation between the lowly and highly educated. To research this cultural shift interviews in the form of life history research was applied. Discussed with the participant was their cultural consumption and their network in the form of weak and strong ties over the course of the cultural shift. In the life stories of the participant no formation of ties was directly the result of cultural consumption, reducing culture to a building block of ties in existing social spaces such as school, work, neighbourhoods or sport & hobby clubs. This makes the ability of the cultural shift to narrow the gap between the lowly and highly educated depended on the heterogeneity of these social spaces and thus limited.
StimulationCell Responsiveness to Lipopolysaccharide MHC Class II Molecules Control Murine B

LPS is a strong stimulator of the innate immune system and inducer of B lymphocyte activation. Two TLRs, TLR4 and RP105 (CD180), have been identiﬁed as mediators of LPS signaling in murine B cells, but little is known about genetic factors that are able to control LPS-induced cell activation. We performed a mouse genome-wide screen that aside from identifying a controlling locus mapping in the TLR4 region (logarithm of odds score, 2.77), also revealed that a locus closely linked to the MHC region (logarithm of odds score, 3.4) governed B cell responsiveness to LPS stimulation. Using puriﬁed B cells obtained from MHC congenic strains, we demonstrated that the MHC b haplotype is accountable for higher cell activation, cell proliferation, and IgM secretion, after LPS stimulation, when compared with the MHC d haplotype. Furthermore, B cells from MHC class II (cid:1) / mice displayed enhanced activation and proliferation in response to LPS. In addition, we showed that the MHC haplotype partially controls expression of RP105 (a LPS receptor molecule), following a pattern that resembles the LPS responsiveness phenotype. Together, our results strongly suggest that murine MHC class II molecules play a role in constraining the B cell response to LPS and that genetic variation at the MHC locus is an important component in controlling B cell responsiveness to LPS stimulation. This work raises the possibility that constraining of B cell responsiveness by MHC class II molecules may represent a functional interaction between adaptive and innate immune systems. The Journal of Immunology, 2006, 177: 4620–4626.
Transoral Robotic Surgery for Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: Update

Background: Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is increasing in incidence and its epidemiology is evolving to affect more young, HPV+, non-smokers. There have been multiple paradigm shifts in the treatment of this disease. Open surgery has been largely replaced by chemo radiation; however, recently, trans-oral robotic surgery (TORS) is emerging as a new minimally invasive therapeutic modality. Objectives: Update the evidence evaluating TORS in the treatment of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Descriptive review of the literature. Results: Integrating TORS into the multidisciplinary treatment of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma allows carefully selected patients to return home early with intact airway and swallowing function in the majority of cases, without sacrificing oncologic control or survival. These findings compare favorably to open surgery and chemo radiation. Conclusions: TORS appears to be a safe, feasible, and efficacious surgical modality for the treatment of a subset of carefully selected patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. HPV positive non-smokers appear to particularly benefit.
Chapter Neuroprotection , Photoperiod , and Sleep

After an acquired brain injury, responses that induce cell death are activated; however, neuroprotective mechanisms are also activated. The relation between these responses determines the destination of the damaged tissue. This relation presents variations throughout the day; numerous studies have shown that the onset of a stroke occurs preferably in the morning. In the rat, ischemia causes more damage when it is induced during the night. The damage caused by a traumatic brain injury (TBI), in the rat, varies depending on the time of day it is induced. Minor behavioral damage has been reported when the TBI occurs during the night, a period that coincides with the wakefulness of the rat. It also has been observed that sleep deprivation accelerates the recovery. Our group has documented that this is due, in part, to a difference in the degree of activation of cannabinergic, GABAergyc, and glutamatergic systems.
OTT_A_282350 13451..13463

1Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; 3Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People’s Hospital of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, People’s Republic of China Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies. Accumulating evidence supports for the critical contribution of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) to the cancer development and progression. We tried to identify novel lncRNAs involved in the pancreatic carcinogenesis. Materials and Methods: Two independent datasets (Gene Expression Omnibus datasets: GSE16515 and GSE32688) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The level of BC037916 was detected in pancreatic cancer tissues and adjacent no-tumorous tissues (n=86) by qRT-PCR. Effects of BC037916 on proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells were examined. Results: We identified a novel lncRNA BC037916 involved in the pancreatic carcinogenesis by analyzing GEO datasets. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that 86.0% (74/86) pancreatic cancer tissues had increased BC037916 expression as compared with normal counterparts. Further, positive correlation was observed between BC037916 expression and clinical stage, primary tumor, and regional lymph node invasion. Importantly, BC037916 was an independent prognostic factor of pancreatic cancer. Functionally, knockdown of BC037916 repressed cell proliferation, inhibited cell invasion, halted cell cycle progression, and promoted apoptosis in both PANC-1 and SW1990 cells. In contrast, overexpression of BC037916 in CAPAN-1 had opposite effects. Moreover, silencing of BC037916 significantly inhibited the tumor growth of xenografted SW1990 cells in vivo. Results of Western blot assays suggested that BC037916 knockdown also suppressed the activation of JAK2/STAT3 and TGF-β signaling. Further experiments suggested that BC037916 positively regulated the expression of Twist through miR-3145-3p. Conclusion: BC037916 exhibited oncogenic potential in pancreatic cancer development.
Novel aspects of elastic flapping wing: Analytical solution for inertial forcing

The structural dynamics (SD) behavior of Elastic Flapping Wings (EFWs) is investigated analytically as a novel approach in EFWs analysis. In this regard an analytical SD solution of EFW undergoing a prescribed rigid body motion is initially derived, where the governing equations are expressed in modal space. The inertial forces are also analytically computed utilizing the actuator induced acceleration effects on the wing structure, while due to importance of analytical solution the linearity assumption is also considered. The formulated initial-value problem is solved analytically to study the EFW structural responses, where the effect of structure-actuator frequency ratio, structure-flapping frequency ratio as well as the structure damping ratio on the EFW pick amplitude is analyzed. A case study is also simulated in which the wing is modeled as an elastic beam with shell elements undergoing a prescribed sinusoidal motion. The corresponding EFW transient and steady response in on-off servo behavior is investigated. This study provides a conceptual understanding for the overall EFW SD behavior in the presence of inertial forces plus the servo dynamics effects. In addition to the substantial analytical results, the study paves a new mathematical way to better understanding the complex role of SD in dynamic EFWs behavior. Specifically, similar mathematical formulations can be carried out to investigate the effect of aerodynamics and/or gravity.
Precision medicine: Recent progress in cancer therapy

Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, GITAM Deemed to be University, Rudraram, Sangareddy-502329, Telangana, India. Department of Pharmaceutics, Indira College of Pharmacy, Vishnupuri, Nanded-431606, Maharashtra, India. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zawia, Al-Zawia, Libya. Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Mangalagiri, Guntur-522503, Andhra Pradesh, India
Differential diagnosis of respiratory viral infections in children in the COVID-19 pandemic time

Background. Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) constitute the most common reason for pediatric patients to report to primary care facilities. Additionally, RTIs are also a significant problem among hospitalized patients. Due to the lack of specificity in the observed symptoms, RTIs cause both diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. Objectives. The aim of our study was to explain the causes of RTIs in the pediatric population and to provide guidelines to facilitate diagnosis. Material and methods. In the study, the authors analyzed available literature dealing with the possibility of laboratory diagnosis and the results of treatment used in children with RTIs. Results. In pediatric patients, RTIs are mainly caused by viruses and occur seasonally during the autumn-winter period. There are certain factors, such as physiological distinctness resulting from developmental immaturity of the body, genetically determined diseases and specific diseases occurring during childhood, which contribute to the incidence of RTIs. Moreover, factors depending on the mother and the growth environment also significantly affect the incidence of RTIs in children. Conclusions. Available knowledge concerning the seasonality of the occurrence of individual pathogens and the differences in symptoms may facilitate an initial diagnosis. However, lower respiratory tract infections, and severe infections in particular, require the use of specific diagnostic tests which allow for both the identification of the etiological factors and the implementation of targeted treatment. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the difficulties in the diagnosis and therapy of RTIs in pediatric patients, as well as the need to develop more sensitive diagnostic tools and a more effective treatment.
Genome-Wide Characterization of the HD-ZIP IV Transcription Factor Family in Maize: Preferential Expression in the Epidermis

Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Unité Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, F–69364 Lyon, France (M.J., C.-K.C., V.V., V.B., N.D.-F., P.M.R.); INRA, UMR879 Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, F–69364 Lyon, France (M.J., C.-K.C., V.V., V.B., N.D.-F., P.M.R.); CNRS, UMR5667 Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, F–69364 Lyon, France (M.J., C.-K.C., V.V., V.B., N.D.-F., P.M.R.); and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724 (M.J., C.M., M.T.)
N = 2 boundary conditions for non-linear sigma models and Landau-Ginzburg models

We study N = 2 nonlinear two dimensional sigma models with boundaries and their massive generalizations (the Landau-Ginzburg models). These models are defined over either Kähler or bihermitean target space manifolds. We determine the most general local N = 2 superconformal boundary conditions (D-branes) for these sigma models. In the Kähler case we reproduce the known results in a systematic fashion including interesting results concerning the coisotropic A-type branes. We further analyse the N = 2 superconformal boundary conditions for sigma models defined over a bihermitean manifold with torsion. We interpret the boundary conditions in terms of different types of submanifolds of the target space. We point out how the open sigma models correspond to new types of target space geometry. For the massive Landau-Ginzburg models (both Kähler and bihermitean) we discuss an important class of supersymmetric boundary conditions which admits a nice geometrical interpretation.