Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insights into Drought Stress Signaling in Plants and the Molecular Genetic Basis of Cotton Drought Tolerance

Drought stress restricts plant growth and development by altering metabolic activity and biological functions. However, plants have evolved several cellular and molecular mechanisms to overcome drought stress. Drought tolerance is a multiplex trait involving the activation of signaling mechanisms and differentially expressed molecular responses. Broadly, drought tolerance comprises two steps: stress sensing/signaling and activation of various parallel stress responses (including physiological, molecular, and biochemical mechanisms) in plants. At the cellular level, drought induces oxidative stress by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately causing the cell membrane to rupture and stimulating various stress signaling pathways (ROS, mitogen-activated-protein-kinase, Ca2+, and hormone-mediated signaling). Drought-induced transcription factors activation and abscisic acid concentration co-ordinate the stress signaling and responses in cotton. The key responses against drought stress, are root development, stomatal closure, photosynthesis, hormone production, and ROS scavenging. The genetic basis, quantitative trait loci and genes of cotton drought tolerance are presented as examples of genetic resources in plants. Sustainable genetic improvements could be achieved through functional genomic approaches and genome modification techniques such as the CRISPR/Cas9 system aid the characterization of genes, sorted out from stress-related candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms, quantitative trait loci, and genes. Exploration of the genetic basis for superior candidate genes linked to stress physiology can be facilitated by integrated functional genomic approaches. We propose a third-generation sequencing approach coupled with genome-wide studies and functional genomic tools, including a comparative sequenced data (transcriptomics, proteomics, and epigenomic) analysis, which offer a platform to identify and characterize novel genes. This will provide information for better understanding the complex stress cellular biology of plants.
The Current Status and Prospects of Multiline Cultivars and Variety Mixtures for Disease Resistance

Beginning in the eighteenth century, farming became dependent on a few plant genotypes and a few pesticides (6) . The advantages of this trend in industrial agriculture often have been offset by vulnerability to biotic and physical stresses. Unfortunately, dependence on monoculture has continued to spread rapidly, despite serious setbacks as well as evidence that alternative methods are feasible. The reasons have been partly economic; in addition, as Harlan (29) put it: "A pure-line mentality, convinced that variation was bad, uniformity was good, and off-types in the field somehow immoral, developed . Thus it was that we laid ourselves open to epiphytotics of serious dimensions. " In traditional agricultural systems, on the other hand, cultivation of mixtures within and between species help protect crops against stresses. For example, mixtures within wheat, barley, and potatoes are widely used in the Andes (H. J. Dubin, personal communication), cereals and legumes in Pakistan (M. Aslam, personal communication), and rice in Africa and Asia. Rice mixtures typically contain few components, two to five, matched for maturity and quality but otherwise heterogeneous, and a crop is generally assured (1. M. Bonman, personal communication). Even in industrial agricultural systems, mixtures have been or are being cultivated to a much greater extent than is commonly supposed. For example, in Russia and neighboring countries, the widely successful winter wheat, Be-
Effect of Tip Vortex Geometry on the Flow Through the Blades of Hovering Rotors

References 1Cosentino, G. B. , and Holst, T. L. , “Numerical Optimization Design of Advanced Transonic Wing Con gurations,” NASA-TM-85950,May 1984. 2Jameson, A. , “AerodynamicDesign via Control Theory,” Journalof Scienti c Computing, Vol. 3, 1988, pp. 233–260. 3Obayashi, S. , and Tsukahara, T. , “Comparison of Optimization Algorithms for Aerodynamic ShapeDesign,” AIAA-96-2394-CP, AIAA, Reston, VA, 1996, pp. 181–187. 4Hicks, R. M. , and Henne, P. A. , “Wing Design by Numerical Optimization,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 15, No. 7, 1978, pp. 407–412. 5Lores, M. E. , Smith, P. R. , and Large, R. A. , “Numerical Optimization: An Assessment of its Role in Transport Aircraft Design Through a Case Study,” Proceedings of the 12th International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences Congress, 1980, pp. 41–52. 6Onur, N. , “Application of Wagner Functions in Symmetrical Airfoil Design,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 34, No. 2, 1997, pp. 259, 260. 7Kuruvila, G. , Ta’asan, S. , and Salas, M. D. , “Airfoil Design and Optimization by the One-Shot method,” AIAA Paper 95-0478, Jan. 1995. 8Chang, Chung, Torres, F. J., and Tung, Chee, “Geometric Analysis of Wing Sections,” NASA-TM-110346, April 1995. 9Harris, C. D. , “NASA Supercritical Airfoils: AMatrix ofFamily-Related Airfoils,” NASA-TP-2969, March 1990. 10Engineering Sciences Data Unit, “VGK Method for Two-Dimensional Airfoil Sections,” ESDU-96028, London, Nov. 1996. 11Press, W. H. , Teukolsky, S. A. , Vettering, W. , and Flannery, B. P., Numerical Recipes in FORTRAN, 2nd ed, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, England, U.K., 1992. 12Harris, C. D. , “NASA Supercritical Airfoils—A Matrix of FamilyRelated Airfoils,” NASA TP-2969,1990. 13Robinson,G. M. , and Keane, A. J., “A Case for Multi-Level Optimization in Aeronautical Design,” The AeronauticalJournal, Vol. 103,No. 1028, 1999, pp. 481–485.
“I Thought It Was My Fault Just for Being Born”. A Review of an SEL Programme for Teenage Victims of Domestic Violence

Research has established the life-altering effects of living with domestic violence on young people. Traumatic experiences negatively impact their education, leisure activities, and social-emotional learning (SEL). The secrecy concerning domestic violence means young people suffer self-blame, shame, fear of disclosure and family separation. The researcher designed a 12-week multimedia programme, ‘up2talk’, to enhance the communications skills and emotional literacy of the participants. Parents and teenagers were fully informed of the aims and previously attended the family service hosting the programme. Domestic violence was identified as a core issue, without the expectation of personal disclosure. This approach enabled young people to voice and explore the effects of domestic violence on their lives. Participants developed the elements of the programme and a family worker co-facilitated the groups. The third-party approaches: ‘how would a teenager feel? ’, artistic expression, assertiveness, debates and videoing drama increased SEL and generated discussion, while protecting privacy. Parents provided two interviews concerning their children, and teenagers provided three individual interviews and ongoing group reviews. A thematic analysis showed a reduction in shame and self-blame, enhanced self-esteem and self-efficacy, increased engagement in education and recreation and improved family relationships. Themes were triangulated by facilitators’ observations, interview data, artefacts, group reviews and parental feedback. All families were offered follow-up support. The effectiveness of the interactive group indicates opportunities for its development in educational and youth settings.
Parental COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: a cross-sectional survey in Italy

ABSTRACT Background Understanding parents’ hesitancy against COVID-19 vaccination for their children is useful. Methods A self-administered online survey was conducted among 394 parents with at least one child aged 12–18 years in Italy. Results The mean perceived risk that their child can be infected by the SARS-CoV-2, measured on a 10-point Likert-type scale, was 7.7 and it was higher if at least one parent/partner cohabitant have had COVID-19, in those who believed that COVID-19 is a serious illness, and in those who had not vaccinated their child. 82.1% respondents were willing to vaccinate their child and this was more likely among those who believed that this vaccine is useful and who did not need additional information. 12.4% were, according to the 5-item Parent Attitudes About Childhood Vaccines Survey (PACV-5) score, high-hesitant toward anti-COVID-19 vaccination. Respondents not graduated, those who did not believe that this vaccination was useful, those who did not get this vaccine, those who did not obtain information from physicians, and those who needed additional information were more likely to be high-hesitant. Conclusions Communication and public health interventions must be intensified to enhance the attitude and to help parents in deciding on COVID-19 vaccination of their children.
Application of the viscosity-expansion method to a rotating thin fluid disk bound by central gravity

The 2D rotation of a thin fluid disk with a porous sink around the center is studied within the Navier–Stokes and Euler equations. The viscosity (ν)-expansion method is applied to the viscous fluid bound to the central mass via gravity. The Navier–Stokes equations yield various types of rotation curve, including a flat one, depending on the choice of the pressure function that is not determined within the fluid dynamics. Stationary flow is achieved through the balance of the pressure gradient, gravity, and the centrifugal force. These features of the stationary flow survive in the inviscid limit. The stability of the inviscid flow is examined by the Euler equations for the perturbations. At large distances, the real part of eigenfrequencies (EFs) are dominantly positive and decreasing with distance for flat and rising rotation curves, meaning that the spiral pattern of the perturbations is trailing. One real increasing EF exists for the decaying rotation curve, for which the spiral pattern is leading. Complex frequencies always emerge when the disk has m-fold rotational symmetry with m ≥ 2. The shape of the perturbed rotation curve has azimuthal as well as temporal dependences.
Magnetic and Velocity Field of Sunspots in the Photosphere and Upper Chromosphere

11 1 Sunspots: Introduction 13 1.1 Sunspots: Global structure . 14 1.1.1 Magnetic field . 14 1.1.2 Evershed flow . 16 1.2 Sunspots: Fine structures . 18 1.2.1 Umbral dots . 18 1.2.2 Light-bridges . 19 1.2.3 Penumbra . 20 1.2.3.1 Intensity structure . 20 1.2.3.2 Magnetic field . 21 1.2.3.3 Fine structures of the Evershed flow . 23 1.2.3.4 Net circular polarization . 23 1.3 Umbra: Theoretical models . 24 1.4 Penumbra: Models and simulations . 26 1.4. 1 The uncombed model . 26 1.4. 2 Siphon flows . 27 1.4. 3 Moving magnetic flux tubes . 29 1.4. 4 Convective roll . 32 1.4. 5 Gappy penumbra . 32 1.4. 6 3D MHD simulations of sunspot . 34 2 Spectro-polarimetry 37 2.1 Stokes parameters . 37 2.2 Zeeman effect . 38 2.2.1 Polarization and strength of the Zeeman components . 40 2.3 Paschen-Back effect . 41 2.4 Radiative Transfer Equation . 41 2.5 Solution to the RTE . 44 2.5. 1 Milne-Eddington approximation . 45 2.6 Inversion of the Stokes profiles . 46 2.6. 1 HeLIx . 46 2.6. 2 SPINOR . 47 2.7 Instrumentation . 48 2.7. 1 SST and CRISP . 48
Supplementary of Unsupervised Foreground Extraction via Deep Region Competition

A Dataset Details 2 A.1 Caltech-UCSD Birds-200-2011 . 2 A.2 Stanford Dogs . 2 A.3 Stanford Cars . 2 A.4 CLEVR6 . 2 A.5 Textured Multi-dSprites . 2
Implementation and evaluation of scalable data structure over HBase

With the emergence of commodity hardware architectures and distributed open source software, users are performing analytics on more types of data. Web 2.0 applications like social networking sites have to deal with a lot of meta-data which in some cases can't fit into main memory. Currently, it is the responsibility of the application programmers to manually map these in-memory data structures into persistent storage systems like a database or file system. Ideally, the application programmers would like the underlying programming language/middle ware software to seamlessly manage the scalable data structures. It is increasingly becoming hard to use the traditional database or storage controller systems to store this metadata because of cost and scale reasons. Thus, new NoSQL database architectures are emerging that are built on commodity hardware architectures and they can scale to large sizes in an incremental manner. Thus, there is an opportunity for the builders of NoSQL systems to provide scalable in-memory data structures. However, currently, these types of data structure interfaces are not available in the popular Hadoop NoSQL infrastructure. In this paper, we show how to implement the Set data structure and its operations in a scalable manner on top of Hadoop HBase. We then propose and implement optimizations for three Set operations. We also discuss the limitations of implementing this data structure in the Hadoop ecosystem. We evaluate our algorithms and optimizations on a real Hadoop cluster. Our primary conclusion is that the Hadoop ecosystem provides an excellent framework to implement scalable data structures.
Flexible Hardware Acceleration for Instruction-grain Lifeguards Instruction-grain Lifeguards Monitor Executing Programs at the Granularity of Individual Instructions to Quickly Detect Bugs and Security Attacks, but Their Fine-grain Nature Incurs High Monitoring Overheads. This Article Identifies Thr

Systems designers have traditionally focused on maximizing performance, and more recently on minimizing power. From a user’s perspective, however, both issues are of secondary concern when the software is misbehaving. As systems have become faster over the years, the corresponding increases in both software and hardware complexity have raised concerns that applications and systems are becoming increasingly error prone. Although writing bug-free code has always been difficult, recent studies suggest that bug rates are getting worse over time as software complexity increases, despite the software industry’s prerelease testing efforts. In a networked world, even obscure bugs (benign under normal conditions) can leave a system vulnerable to security attacks after the code has been released. There is a long history of developing tools to help diagnose and fix software problems at various phases of the software development and execution cycle: static tools attempt to identify problems before the program executes, postmortem tools attempt to reconstruct what went wrong after the application crashes, and dynamic tools—or lifeguards—monitor an application as it executes to diagnose and hopefully either contain or fix problems. Instruction-grain lifeguards, which perform invariant checking at the granularity of individual instructions, have two unique advantages. First, they have access to highly detailed information regarding dynamic events at the instruction level, such as memory references, address computations, and information flow. Second, software errors may be captured earlier and more accurately. The former enables a wide range of powerful lifeguards, for example, detecting memory-access violations, data races, and security exploits. The latter provides a better starting point for damage containment, on-site diagnosis, and, hopefully, on-the-fly fixes and recovery. Unfortunately, software-only instructiongrain lifeguards, which are mainly based on dynamic binary instrumentation (DBI), typically slow down the monitored program by 10 to 100 times, because lifeguard functionality is invoked on nearly every instruction. To address this overhead, researchers have proposed several hardware optimizations, each tailored to a specific class of lifeguards: for example, mmi2009010062.3d 31/1/09 15:48 Page 62
Cross-sectional association between ZIP code-level gentrification and homelessness among a large community-based sample of people who inject drugs in 19 US cities

Background Housing instability has been associated with poor health outcomes among people who inject drugs (PWID). This study investigates the associations of local-level housing and economic conditions with homelessness among a large sample of PWID, which is an underexplored topic to date. Methods PWID in this cross-sectional study were recruited from 19 large cities in the USA as part of National HIV Behavioral Surveillance. PWID provided self-reported information on demographics, behaviours and life events. Homelessness was defined as residing on the street, in a shelter, in a single room occupancy hotel, or in a car or temporarily residing with friends or relatives any time in the past year. Data on county-level rental housing unaffordability and demand for assisted housing units, and ZIP code-level gentrification (eg, index of percent increases in non-Hispanic white residents, household income, gross rent from 1990 to 2009) and economic deprivation were collected from the US Census Bureau and Department of Housing and Urban Development. Multilevel models evaluated the associations of local economic and housing characteristics with homelessness. Results Sixty percent (5394/8992) of the participants reported homelessness in the past year. The multivariable model demonstrated that PWID living in ZIP codes with higher levels of gentrification had higher odds of homelessness in the past year (gentrification: adjusted OR=1.11, 95% CI=1.04 to 1.17). Conclusions Additional research is needed to determine the mechanisms through which gentrification increases homelessness among PWID to develop appropriate community-level interventions.
Inferring differential exon usage in RNA-Seq data with the DEXSeq package

2 Preparations 3 2.1 Example data . 3 2.2 Alignment . 3 2.3 HTSeq . 4 2.4 Preparing the annotation . 4 2.5 Counting reads . 5 2.6 Reading the data in to R . 6
Molecular Characterization of OXA-48-Like-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in the Czech Republic and Evidence for Horizontal Transfer of pOXA-48-Like Plasmids

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to characterize the first cases and outbreaks of OXA-48-like-producing Enterobacteriaceae recovered from hospital settings in the Czech Republic. From 2013 to 2015, 22 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, 3 Escherichia coli isolates, and 1 Enterobacter cloacae isolate producing OXA-48-like carbapenemases were isolated from 20 patients. Four of the patients were colonized or infected by two or three different OXA-48-like producers. The K. pneumoniae isolates were classified into nine sequence types (STs), with ST101 being predominant (n = 8). The E. coli isolates were of different STs, while the E. cloacae isolate belonged to ST109. Twenty-four isolates carried blaOXA-48, while two isolates carried blaOXA-181 or blaOXA-232. Almost all isolates (n = 22) carried blaOXA-48-positive plasmids of a similar size (∼60 kb), except the two isolates producing OXA-181 or OXA-232. In an ST45 K. pneumoniae isolate and an ST38 E. coli isolate, S1 nuclease profiling plus hybridization indicated a chromosomal location of blaOXA-48. Sequencing showed that the majority of blaOXA-48-carrying plasmids exhibited high degrees of identity with the pOXA-48-like plasmid pE71T. Additionally, two novel pE71T derivatives, pOXA-48_30715 and pOXA-48_30891, were observed. The blaOXA-181-carrying plasmid was identical to the IncX3 plasmid pOXA181_EC14828, while the blaOXA-232-carrying plasmid was a ColE2-type plasmid, being a novel derivative of pOXA-232. Finally, sequencing data showed that the ST45 K. pneumoniae and ST38 E. coli isolates harbored the IS1R-based composite transposon Tn6237 containing blaOXA-48 integrated into their chromosomes. These findings underlined that the horizontal transfer of pOXA-48-like plasmids has played a major role in the dissemination of blaOXA-48 in the Czech Republic. In combination with the difficulties with their detection, OXA-48 producers constitute an important public threat.
Stealth distributed hash table: unleashing the real potential of peer-to-peer

Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs) have been shown to be a promising form of decentralised structured peer-to-peer networking, offering substantial scalability and resilience. Unsurprisingly, there exist numerous DHT systems [11][13][16]. Primarily, DHTs serve as an object location service that can be used as a substrate for multiple large-scale distributed applications such as storage [4][9], multicast [3][2] and load balancing systems [8][6]. Historically, the approach to DHT design has involved connecting an overlay of homogeneous and autonomous nodes together. The homogeneity arises from the fact that nodes are assumed to have similar properties such as network bandwidth and network stability. On the other hand, the autonomicity of nodes arises in the sense that any node may join or leave the network, and perform any operation supported by the DHT such as routing messages or handling object references (keys) as they wish. Realistically, measurement studies have shown that nodes are not homogeneous [14] and nodes are likely to be continually joining and leaving the network in an unpredictable fashion, a situation commonly referred to as churn. Many DHT systems will simply break down under high churn [12], unfortunately, severe levels of churn are likely, especially for networks with mobile nodes [7][10]. Another issue is that of trust among users: traditional content-delivery models separate clients and servers, unlike DHT-based content systems where the end-users play a role in the content location and delivery. It is unwise to allow
Vision tracking system for mobile robots using two Kalman filters and a slip detector

The vision tracking system in this paper estimates the robot position relative to a target and rotates the camera towards the target. To estimate the robot position of mobile robot, the system combines information from an accelerometer, a gyroscope, two encoders, and a vision sensor. The encoders can provide fairly accurate robot position information, but the encoder data are not reliable when robot wheels slip. Accelerometer data can provide the robot position information even when the wheels are slipping, but a long term position estimation is difficult, because of integration of errors arising from bias and noise. To overcome the drawbacks of each method mentioned in the above, the proposed system uses data fusion with two Kalman filters and a slip detector. One Kalman filter is for the slip case, and the other is for the no-slip case. Each Kalman filter uses a different sensor combination for estimating the robot motion. The slip detector compares the data from the accelerometer with the data from the encoders, and decides if a slip condition has occurred. Accordingly, based on the decision of the slip detector, the system chooses one of the outputs of the two Kalman filters, which is subsequently used for calculating the camera angle of the vision tracking system. The vision tracking system is implemented on a two-wheeled robot. To evaluate the tracking and recognition performance of the implemented system, experiments are performed for various robot motion scenarios in various environments.