Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the use of Godhavn H-component as an indicator of the interplanetary sector polarity

An objective method of inferring the polarity of the interplanetary magnetic field using the H component at Godhavn is presented. The objectively inferred polarities are compared with a subjective index inferred earlier (Svalgaard, 1972b). It is concluded that no significant difference exists between the two methods. The inferred polarities derived from Godhavn H are biased by the Sqp signature in the sense that during summer, prolonged intervals of geomagnetic calm will result in inferred away polarity regardless of the actual sector polarity. This bias does not significantly alter the large-scale structure of the inferred sector structure.
Digital signature schemes based on factoring and discrete logarithms

Wei-Hua He (see Electron. Lett., vol.37, no.4, p.220-22, 2001) proposed a digital signature scheme based on two well-known mathematics hard problem assumptions. The security of the proposed scheme is based on the difficulties of simultaneously solving the factoring and discrete logarithm problems with almost the same sizes of arithmetic moduli. It is shown that He's scheme is not secure if attackers can solve discrete logarithm problems.
A Novel Non-Isolated High-Gain Non-Inverting Interleaved DC–DC Converter

High-gain DC–DC converters are being drastically utilized in renewable energy generation systems, such as photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cells (FC). Renewable energy sources (RES) persist with low-level output voltage; therefore, high-gain DC–DC converters are essentially integrated with RES for satisfactory performance. This paper proposes a non-isolated high-gain non-inverting interleaved DC–DC boost converter. The proposed DC–DC converter topology is comprised of two inductors and these are charging and discharging in series and parallel circuit configurations. The voltage multiplier technique is being utilized to produce high gain. The proposed topology is designed to operate in three modes of operation. Three switches are operated utilizing two distinct duty ratios to avoid the extreme duty ratio while having high voltage gain. Owing to its intelligent design, the voltage stress on the switches is also significantly reduced where the maximum stress is only 50% of the output voltage. The proposed converter’s steady-state analysis with two distinct duty ratios is thoroughly explored. Furthermore, a 160 W 20/400 V prototype is developed for performance analysis and validation. The converter topology can generate output voltage with a very high voltage gain of 20, which is verified by the prototype. Moreover, a high efficiency of 93.2% is attained by the proposed converter’s hardware prototype.
The effects of canopy cover on throughfall and soil chemistry in two forest sites in the México City air basin

Throughfall and soil chemistry were compared in two sites with differing atmospheric deposition: Desierto de los Leones National Park (high atmospheric deposition) and Zoquiapan National Park (low atmospheric deposition). Throughfall fluxes of NO 3 - , SO4 2 - , Ca, Mg and K were compared under two canopy cover types: Abies religiosa Schl. (fir) and Pinus hartwegii Lindl. (pine), in comparison with sites without cover canopy, e.g. forests clearings. Throughfall fluxes decreased in the following order: fir > pine > forest clearing. Nitrogen balance under canopy of fir and pine resulted in negative values for net throughfall of NH 4 + at Desierto de los Leones and Zoquiapan, while NO 3 - , only resulted in negative values under canopy cover at the low deposition site. With few exceptions, concentrations of total C, N and S, soluble SO 4 2- , and Ca 2+ were higher in soil under fir canopies than under pine or in forest clearings. In polluted sites, the densely foliated fir canopies generally resulted in higher throughfall fluxes and soil accumulation of N, S and Mg compared to pine canopies or open areas. The elevated atmospheric depositions affect the functional process of forest ecosystem, particularly the throughfall and nutrients intern cycle, and these effects depend of the cover and present tree species.
The structure of photodissociation regions: M17 northern bar

Images of part of the photodissociation region and ionization front in the northern bar of M17, in the infrared lines of H 2 , H + and the 3.28-μm emission feature, a tracer of the edge of the molecular cloud, are presented. Spatial coincidence between the 3.28-μm and H 2 emission regions is established to within 1 arsec, which implies a gas density of n > 10 5 cm -3 . The peak observed surface brightness in the H 2 v = 1-0 S(1) line is 1.5 × 10 -7 W/(m 2 × sr) and if we assume a 70° inclination to the line of sight, this intensity implies a density of 10 5 cm -3 , from modelling of one-dimensional, uniform-density photodissociation regions. However, our images reveal clumpy structure down to a scale of 2 arcsec, which means that a clumpy two-component PDR model, one component of high density and the other component at lower density, would be the preferred solution
The promise of machine-learning- driven text analysis techniques for historical research: topic modeling and word embedding

ABSTRACT Building upon our experience implementing a mixed method study combining historical and topic modeling techniques to explore how institutional voids are resolved and their relationship to formal/informal markets, we describe the promise of Topic Modeling techniques for historical studies. Recent advancements – particularly improvements in artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques – have enabled the use of off-the-shelf AI to analyze and process large quantities of data. These techniques reduce research biases and some of the costs previously associated with computational text analysis techniques (i.e. corpus processing time and computational power). We highlight the usefulness of three text analysis techniques – structural topic modeling (STM), dynamic topic modeling (DTM), and word embeddings – and demonstrate their ability to support the generation of novel interpretations. Finally, we emphasize the continuing importance of the author in every step of the research process, especially for abstracting from AI outputs, evaluating competing explanations, inferring meaning, and building theory.
Enzyme-Digested Edible Bird’s Nest (EBND) Prevents UV and Arid Environment-Induced Cellular Oxidative Stress, Cell Death and DNA Damage in Human Skin Keratinocytes and Three-Dimensional Epithelium Equivalents

The aim of this study is to investigate the repressive effects of enzyme-digested edible bird’s nest (EBND) on the combination of arid environment and UV-induced intracellular oxidative stress, cell death, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and inflammatory responses in human HaCaT keratinocytes and three-dimensional (3D) epithelium equivalents. An oxygen radical antioxidant capacity assay showed that EBND exhibited excellent peroxyl radical scavenging activity and significantly increased cellular antioxidant capacity in HaCaT cells. When EBND was administered to HaCaT cells and 3D epitheliums, it exhibited significant preventive effects on air-drying and UVA (Dry-UVA)-induced cell death and apoptosis. Dry-UVA markedly induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HaCaT cells and 3D epitheliums as quantified by CellROX® Green/Orange reagents. Once HaCaT cells and 3D epitheliums were pretreated with EBND, Dry-UVA-induced intracellular ROS were significantly reduced. The results from anti-γ-H2A.X antibody-based immunostaining showed that EBND significantly inhibited Dry-UVA-induced DSBs in HaCaT keratinocytes. Compared with sialic acid, EBND showed significantly better protection for both keratinocytes and 3D epitheliums against Dry-UVA-induced injuries. ELISA showed that EBND significantly suppressed UVB-induced IL-6 and TNF-α secretion. In conclusion, EBND could decrease arid environments and UV-induced harmful effects and inflammatory responses in human keratinocytes and 3D epithelium equivalents partially through its antioxidant capacity.
On a New Model Reduction Method for CFD Systems Used for Flow Control Design

The use of active control to get better characteristics of unsteady internal and external flows is the ultimate goal of the research presented in this paper. Usually, unsteady flows are calculated using Euler and/or Navier-Stokes solvers. The efficiency of numerical simulation of an unsteady flow dramatically increases if the unsteady solution is a small perturbation about a steady-state flow, due to disturbances occurring at the boundaries of the flow domain. The main difficulty related to the flow simulation is that any CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) technique generates discrete systems with a very large number of states. In order to design an efficient control, the flow solver must be not only accurate and numerically effective, but also it must have a low number of states. The aim of this paper is to present a new method for model reduction of CFD systems using representative governing equations. The focus is on descriptor type systems resulting from the spatial discretization of the CFD governing equations.
Control of uncertain discrete-time systems with guaranteed cost

This paper is concerned with the problem of LQR design for uncertain discrete-time systems. The system under consideration has time-varying norm-bounded parameter uncertainties in both the state and input matrices. The problem addressed is the design of a state feedback control law such that the cost of the system is guaranteed to be within a certain bound for all admissible uncertainties, which is referred to as 'guaranteed cost control. ' It is shown that the optimal guaranteed cost control is related to a recursive Riccati difference equation for the finite horizon case and to a 'game type' discrete-time Riccati equation for the infinite horizon case. <<ETX>>
Computational Docking Study of the Phytochemical Constituent, Silybin (Silybum marianum) against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Spike Glycoprotein: An In-silico Approach

SARS-CoV-2 is continually evolving with the emergence of new variants with increased viral pathogenicity. The emergence of heavily mutated Omicron (B.1.1.529) with spike protein mutations are known to mediate its higher transmissibility and immune escape that has brought newer challenges for global public health to contain SARS-CoV-2 infection. One has to come up with a therapeutic strategy against the virus so as to effectively contain the infection and spread. Natural phytochemicals are being considered a significant source of bioactive compounds possessing an antiviral therapeutic potential. Being a promising anticancer and chemo-preventive agent, Silybin holds a significant potential to be used as a therapeutic. In the present study, molecular docking of Silybin with Omicron spike protein (7QNW) was carried out. Molecular docking results showed greater stability of Silybin in the active site of the Omicron spike protein with suitable binding mode of interactions. The study reveals that Silybin has the potential to block the host ACE2 receptor-viral spike protein binding; thereby inhibiting the viral entry to human cells. Therefore, Silybin may be further developed as a medication with the ability to effectively combat SARS-CoV-2 Omicron.
Measurements of the Transmission Loss of a Radome at Different Rain Intensities

Abstract Results on the transmission loss of a dry and a wet C-band weather radar radome at different rain intensities are presented. Two methods were used in the study, both carried out under laboratory conditions. In the first method, the complex permittivity of a dry radome is measured and the transmission loss calculated. To analyze the transmission loss of a wet radome, the thickness of a continuous water layer on the surface of a radome at different rain intensities and the complex permittivity of water are calculated. In the second method, the transmission loss is measured as a free space transmission measurement with a 1.3-m2 piece of a radome panel. The piece is measured as dry and as doused by a rain system designed for the measurements. The measurements are performed with a dirty, cleaned, and waxed radome to examine the effects of maintenance measures with an old radome on the transmission loss. Because the transmission loss as a function of rain intensity is measured with a small piece of rad.
Ocean medium and platform effects on synthetic aperture sonar

Synthetic aperture methods have been extensively used in radar ground mapping and imaging since the 1950s. They have also been discussed and occasionally used in biomedical and nondestructive testing ultrasound, and in hydrographic sonar since the late 1960s. A recent example of a synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) is that of Gough and Hayes [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 86, 2328‐2333 (1989)]. In order for SAS to form sharp images, both the amplitude and phase content of a collection of sequential echo histories of a target, for example a point target on the ocean bottom, must be known. The collection of echo histories represent data taken over the length of a synthesized aperture, usually from a sonar platform moving at a known speed. If the phase is not accurately measured over the synthesized length, the image resulting from the signal processing will be blurred or even absent. Medium instability, multipath effects, and uncorrected platform motion may all contribute to phase errors that lead to blurred images. This.
The evidence for nonlocal transport in the Texas Experimental Tokamak

The electron temperature response of a tokamak to rapid edge cooling has characteristics difficult to reconcile with local transport analysis. The initial observations in the Texas Experimental Tokamak [K. W. Gentle, Nucl. Tech. Fusion 1, 479 (1981)] have been extended to a wider range of plasma and perturbation parameters, including auxiliary heating, and the associated turbulence changes have been measured across the plasma radius. The fast edge temperature drops and core temperature increases are quantified by more extensive analysis. A perturbation complementary to edge cooling, edge heating by a fast current ramp, evokes a completely complementary plasma response.
Noise normalization technique for beamformed towed array data

Noise normalization techniques for beamformed towed array data attempt to remove the ambient and self‐noise directionality characteristics associated with the measurements in order to enhance detection of weak signals. The problem of normalization in bearing space for broadband or narrow‐band plane wave detection is similar to normalization for signal detection in frequency domain. As a result, noise normalization techniques for the spatial domain may be modified versions of those used in the frequency domain [i.e., Struzinski, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 76, 1738–1742 (1984)]. The aim of this paper is to develop a new concept of noise normalization for beamformed towed array data. This concept has two sets of operations, the first applies low angular resolution beamforming to obtain stable noise background estimates that retain the directionality characteristics of the noise field while the second includes the estimation of the geometric mean over a number of time snapshots in order to remove any high‐level sign.
UAV DTM acquisition in a forested area – comparison of low-cost photogrammetry (DJI Zenmuse P1) and LiDAR solutions (DJI Zenmuse L1)

ABSTRACT In this paper, we evaluated the results in terms of accuracy and coverage of the LiDAR-UAV system DJI Zenmuse L1 and Digital Aerial Photogrammetric system (DAP – UAV) DJI Zenmuse P1 in a forested area under leaf-off conditions on three sites with varying terrain ruggedness/tree type combinations. Detailed reference clouds were obtained using terrestrial scanning by Leica P40. Our results show that branches pose no problem to the accuracy of LiDAR-UAV and DAP-UAV derived terrain clouds. Elevation accuracies for photogrammetric data were even better than for LiDAR data – as low as 0.015 m on all sites. However, the LiDAR system provided better coverage, with almost full coverage at all sites, while the DAP-UAV coverage declined with the increasing density of branches (being worst in the young forest). In the very dense young forest (Site 1), the coverage by photogrammetrically extracted terrain cloud using high calculation quality and no filtering achieved 80.7% coverage, while LiDAR-UAV reached almost 100% coverage. The importance of the use of multiple (or last) returns when using LiDAR-UAV systems was demonstrated by the fact that on the site with the densest vegetation, only 11% of the ground points were represented by first returns.
A multigrid method for shape from shading

The shape-from-shading problem has received much attention in the Computer Vision literature in recent years. The basic problem is to recover the {\em shape z(x,y)} of a surface from a given map of its {\em shading}, i.e. its variation of brightness over a given domain. Mathematically, one has to solve approximately the {\em image irradiance equation}\\ \begin{center} E(x,y) \end{center} relating a given image irradiance {\em E(x,y)} to the radiance of the surface at each point {\em (x,y)}, with {\em R(p,q)} a given {\em reflectance z_ {x}$ and $q = z_ {y}$. \nA possible presence of noise and lack of adequate boundary conditions adds to the difficulty of this problem. A number of different approaches towards its solution have been proposed in the Vision literature, including various regularization models. However, a reliable, efficient solution method for practical instances has remained elusive so far. \nIn this paper we analyze the various solution models proposed with the aim of applying an efficient multigrid solver. A combination of an FMG-continuation technique with an appropriate discretization of one such solution model proposed by B. Horn yields an efficient solver. Our results are demonstrated by examples.
A Brief History of Bunyaviral Family Hantaviridae

The discovery of Hantaan virus as an etiologic agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in South Korea in 1978 led to identification of related pathogenic and nonpathogenic rodent-borne viruses in Asia and Europe. Their global distribution was recognized in 1993 after connecting newly discovered relatives of these viruses to hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the Americas. The 1971 description of the shrew-infecting Hantaan-virus-like Thottapalayam virus was long considered an anomaly. Today, this virus and many others that infect eulipotyphlans, bats, fish, rodents, and reptiles are classified among several genera in the continuously expanding family Hantaviridae.
Full range analytic approximations for Fermi energy and Fermi–Dirac integral F−1/2 in terms of F1/2

New full range analytic approximation formulas for efficient calculation of the reduced Fermi energy η and the Fermi–Dirac integral F−1/2 in terms of u=F1/2, which is simply related to the free‐carrier concentration and temperature, are presented. The maximum fractional error is 0.033% for η and 0.05% for F−1/2, while the maximum absolute error for η is 0.000 41. These formulas facilitate analyses of carrier transport and device characteristics in structures involving smaller band‐gap semiconductors.
Discontinuous solutions for Hamilton-Jacobi equations: Uniqueness and regularity

The uniqueness of classical semicontinuous viscosity solutions of the Cauchy problem for Hamilton-Jacobi equations with convex Hamiltonians $H=H(Du)$ is established, provided the discontinuous initial value function $\varphi(x)$ is continuous outside a set $\Gamma$ of measure zero and satisfies (*)$ \qquad\qquad \varphi(x)\ge\varphi_{\star \star}(x) \equiv \lim$inf$_{y\rightarrow x, y\in\mathbb R^d\backslash\Gamma}\varphi(y). The regularity of discontinuous solutions to Hamilton-Jacobi equations with locally strictly convex Hamiltonians is proved: The discontinuous solutions with almost everywhere continuous initial data satisfying (*) become Lipschitz continuous after finite time. The $L^1$-accessibility of initial data and a comparison principle for discontinuous solutions are shown. The equivalence of semicontinuous viscosity solutions, bi-lateral solutions, $L$-solutions, minimax solutions, and $L^\infty$-solutions is also clarified.
The complex LMS adaptive algorithm--Transient weight mean and covariance with applications to the ALE

The transient and steady-state mean and covariance of the complex-valued LMS adaptive element weights are investigated when the inputs are samples from circularly normal processes. It is shown that the data covariance diagonalizing matrix also diagonalizes the weight covariance matrix. This result permits describing the complete transient behavior of the adaptive line enhancer (ALE) weight covariance matrix in closed form for the case of multiple, equal power, narrow-band, statistically independent, orthogonal, Rayleigh fading sinusoids in broad-band noise. Based on these transient covariance results, it is shown that for any stage of adaptation, there exists an optimum ALE gain constant that minimizes the excess mean squared prediction error. This result is of particular significance when processing time-limited data.
Predictors for the Development of Major Adverse Limb Events after Percutaneous Revascularization—Gender-Related Characteristics

Background and Objectives: Revascularization has been proven to be superior to medication for symptom improvement in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). There are well known gender differences in therapeutic strategies for PAD. The influence of gender on post-angioplasty prognosis is not fully understood though. The present study aims to identify potential peculiarities between men and women undergoing peripheral angioplasty, as well as factors responsible for those differences. Material and methods: 104 consecutive subjects (50 women and 54 men) who underwent percutaneous angioplasty (PTA) between January and October 2019 for symptomatic PAD were included. Demographics, PAD history, cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, the associated coronary or cerebrovascular diseases, biological parameters, drug-treatment and PTA type and technique were taken into account. The follow-up period was 2 years, during which major adverse limb events (MALE) were documented. Results: The mean age was 67 ± 10 years. Women were 4 years older than the men (69 ± 10 years vs. 65 ± 9.2 years—p = 0.04). Smoking was more prevalent in men (p = 0.0004), while other cardiovascular risk factors did not differ significantly. The mean follow-up of the two groups was 21 ± 2.4 months. Women had infra-inguinal involvement more frequently (78%), while men exhibited mixed disease, with supra + infra-inguinal (37%) or solely supra-inguinal (20.3%) involvement (p = 0.0012). Rates of MALE were similar in the two groups (p = 0.914). Gender did not influence the incidence of PAD-related adverse events. The only parameter that proved to have a significant influence on the occurrence of MALE was the ankle–brachial index (ABI). A value below 0.5 was found to be an independent predictor for MALE (p = 0.001). Conclusions: There was no significant difference in the incidence rates of MALE between the two genders over a 2-year follow-up period post-PTA. Regardless of sex, an ankle–brachial index value below 0.5 was the sole independent predictor for limb-related adverse events.