Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An appraisal of phytoremediation as an alternative and effective remediation technology for crude oil-contaminated soils: A review

The review investigates phytoremediation as an alternative environmentally-friendly method of cleaning and restoring hydrocarbon contaminated soils. Phytoremediation is a ‘green’ technology that exploits the natural ability of green plants to remove, degrade or suppress contaminants in soils, sludges, sediments, surface-water and ground-water in an ecologically-friendly manner. Its processes are stimulated by sunlight and microbial biota in the contaminated medium. The use of various mechanisms of phytoremediation is reviewed along with the criteria used in the selection of plant species for phytoremediation exercises. The importance of soil amendments in phytoremediation experiments is also considered. The usefulness of phytoremediation as a viable tool for the remediation of contaminated soils in the crude oil bearing regions of the world, and particularly in Nigeria, have been assessed through the work of previous authors to verify its suitability for the remediation and restoration of contaminated soils.
Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamic-Based Investigation on the Mechanism of Compound Chrysanthemum in the Treatment of Asthenopia

As a clinical empirical prescription for ophthalmology, compound chrysanthemum has been used gradually and has a good effect on eye fatigue. However, the detailed mechanisms of antiasthenopia have not been studied. In order to clarify the mechanisms of the compound chrysanthemum in the treatment of asthenopia, network pharmacology was combined with experimental study in this paper. A total of 593 genes and 39 active chemicals were identified, and both were considered to be essential to the advancement of asthenopia research. The results of the molecular docking analysis demonstrated a certain affinity between PRKACA, PRKCA, PRKCB, and their related compounds; molecular dynamic simulations assessed the stability of these receptors and ligands. The effects of compound chrysanthemum extract on ciliary muscle were studied in vitro and in vivo. By using the MTT assay, compound chrysanthemum extracts (50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 g·mL-1) showed no effect on the proliferation of rCSMCs for 24 and 48 hours. It raised nitric oxide and decreased Ca2+ in ciliary muscle cells isolated from the eyeballs of rats. Besides, compound chrysanthemum extract had a direct relaxing effect on the isolated gastric smooth muscle of rats by reducing the contractile tension. Furthermore, in vivo experiment results showed that, compared to the incandescent lamp-irradiated rats (model group), SD rats treated with compound chrysanthemum extracts (660 mg·kg−1 and 1320 mg·kg−1, orally) displayed considerably retracted pupils and increased NO content. It is also found that compound chrysanthemum extract can downregulate the mRNA expression of PKA and PKC in the calcium signaling pathway. Overall, our results suggested that compound chrysanthemum extract may lessen visual fatigue through multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways.
A Project in the Determination of the Moment of Inertia

Analysis of the forces involved in mechanical systems requires an understanding of the dynamic properties of the system's components. In this work, a project on the determination of both the location of the centre of mass and inertial properties is described. The project involves physical testing, the proposal of approximate models, and the comparison of results. The educational goal of the project is to give students and appreciation of second mass moments and the validity of assumptions that are often applied in component modelling. This work reviews relevant equations of motion and discusses techniques to determine or estimate the centre of mass and second moment of inertia. An example project problem and solutions are presented. The value of such project problems within a first course on the theory of mechanisms is discussed.
OUCH: O vercoming U ncontrolled C hronic Migraine H eadaches

Migraines are a common type of primary headache that affects over 36 million people in the United States and one billion people worldwide. While oral preventative treatments have been considered first-line therapy for chronic migraines, anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies have recently emerged as an effective treatment option. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to improve the therapy adherence and quality of life outcomes for patients with chronic migraines by facilitating a transition from oral migraine prevention therapy to treatment with an anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody agent. This project was developed utilizing the Focus, Analyze, Develop, and Execute QI model. The results of a ten-day reflective practice activity revealed poor patient adherence with oral migraine preventative therapy due to the intolerability of adverse effects. The clinical practice change was implemented with qualifying patients over six weeks utilizing Lewin’s change theory as the translational framework. The primary endpoint of this project was an improvement in treatment adherence, reductions in the number of migraine days per month by 50% or more, and improvements in the patients’ quality of life with better migraine control and fewer adverse treatment effects.
Natural resource and management planning using large-scale linear programs: the USDA forest service experience with FORPLAN

FORPLAN (FORest PLANning) is a large-scale linear programming system used to support national forest land management planning. It is available in two versions, and is used extensively to help interdisciplinary planning teams develop forest-wide plans as dictated by the National Forest Management Act of 1976. Nine years of experience clearly show that while the system is working in a technical sense, troublesome issues remain. This paper begins with an overview of how USDA Forest Service planning has evolved. We then give mathematical formulations for portions of FORPLAN models and examples of how the system is used to aid planners on national forests. We present an evaluation of the use of FORPLAN that addresses five criteria including, problems associated with large-scale models and systematic, comprehensive planning, Forest Service organizational issues, the role of foresters in national forest management, and conflicts over competing land uses. We then consider lessons for operations research practitioners. Finally, we discuss a number of conclusions and recommendations, the most important being the need for the Forest Service to more clearly specify the role of forest planning in the overall agency planning hierarchy and the role of FORPLAN in forest planning.
ON THE BEHAVIOR OF TWO-EQUATION MODELS AT THE EDGE OF A TURBULENT REGION

The flow structure predicted in the vicinity of free‐stream edges by two‐equation eddy‐viscosity turbulence models is examined. Analytical expansions, previously used by several authors, are shown to be weak solutions to the pure nonlinear diffusion problem, connecting with trivial solutions in the nonturbulent region. They remain locally valid solutions to the full one‐dimensional system of model equations in the vicinity of the edge, provided that some constraints on the turbulent ‘‘Prandtl numbers’’ are satisfied. Calculations performed with the (k,e) turbulence model for a time‐evolving mixing layer and a flat‐plate boundary layer in zero pressure gradient are fully consistent with the analysis. In contradiction of a prior study by Lele [Phys. Fluids 28, 64 (1985)], the modeled turbulent‐kinetic‐energy, dissipation‐rate, and shear‐stress fronts are found to propagate into the nonturbulent region at the same velocity, with no need for any special relationship between the model constants. Implications r.
On the accurate prediction of tip vortex: Effect of numerical schemes

This work is conducted towards the accurate prediction of compressor tip vortex. Accurate computation of highly vortical flow is affected by many parameters, such as numerical scheme and turbulence model. In this work the effect of numerical scheme is studied using mesh refinement study and comparison of numerical results from central scheme and a newly developed high order upwind scheme. Behaviors of numerical methods in the tip vortex region are also theoretically and numerically analyzed. It is found the computed tip vortex is significantly affected by mesh resolution and numerical dissipation. Currently widely numerical strategy, i.e., mesh with moderate resolution and low order scheme would yield quite inaccurate result. Predicted tip vortex is always dissipated earlier and this highlights the advantage of high order scheme in predicting detailed flow features. Besides coarser mesh and low order method, analysis of numerical methods reveals a new finding, in that the designed order of accuracy is not guaranteed in the tip vortex region. For central scheme pressure based shock sensor is unnecessarily activated and excessive artificial dissipation is added. For high order upwind scheme it tends to use low order reconstruction and new method considering flow physics shows its improved vortex prediction capability. Conclusions from this work can be used in future numerical studies about tip vortex to improve the numerical accuracy.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
The IRAS Bright Galaxy Sample. IV. Complete IRAS observations

Total flux densities, peak flux densities, and spatial extents at 12, 25, 60, and 100 microns are presented for the 330 sources in the IRAS Bright Galaxy Sample. The flux density ratios S{sub nu} (60 microns)/S{sub nu} (100 microns) and S{sub nu} (12 microns)/S{sub n} (25 microns) are found to correlate with both the infrared luminosity and the ratio of IR to visible flux. The relation between these two flux density ratios is shown to follow that found previously, with different slopes appearing for the warmer and colder galaxies in the sample. The results suggest that single photon heating of small grains (often the dominant source of 12 and 25 micron radiation from galaxies) significantly affects the emission of some galaxies at 60 microns, and that optical depth effects may alter the emergent radiation at 12 and 25 microns. 31 refs.
The class of continuous timelike curves determines the topology of spacetime

The title assertion is proven, and two corollaries are established. First, the topology of every past and future distinguishing spacetime is determined by its causal structure. Second, in e v e r yspacetime the path topology of Hawking, King, and McCarthy codes topological, differential, and conformal structure.
Improving the visual impressions of wood-based craft products through two-dimensional engraving of patterns

Small enterprises in product craft bases are considered to be more resilient in facing the challenges of the current pandemic condition, despite a decline in income during the pandemic’s peak. Craft products are one of the sub-sectors of the creative economy that has a contributor to Indonesia’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Competition occurs between the producers of these crafts products where the makers present products that show aesthetic value and elements of the product’s function. Craft products always put forward a stunning visual appearance so that the product is in demand and purchased by consumers. To struggle with the increasingly fierce competition, the quality of visual impressions that are continuously generated must be established. This research focuses on attempts to improve the visual appearance that has the impact of presenting the aesthetics of craft products by using a two-dimensional engraving approach. The engravings are processed using a sandblasting technique. The study process used a pre-experimental design approach, and the results of the improving visual impressions were evaluated using a questionnaire step which was analyzed using factor analysis. The study results show a positive response to changes in visual perceptions, indicating an increased aesthetic perception that is better than the previous craft products. The final study shows that applying two-dimensional engraving patterns on craft products effectively improves visual and aesthetic impressions.
Integral equation analysis of radiating structures of revolution

A methods for solving radiation problems involving structures of revolution is presented that is based on the direct solutions of one-dimensional integral equations for the currents. The kernels of these equations are derived explicitly and their singularities are studied. Efficient methods for their computation are presented. The numerical solution is obtained by a method of moments technique using sinusoidal basis functions. Applications include the determination of the current densities, reflection coefficient, and far-field patterns for several waveguide-fed structures. Numerical checks and comparisons with experiment demonstrate the accuracy of the method. >
Resolution enhancement of computed radiography images using two orthogonal tilts

Limitations to the spatial resolution of current digital x-ray systems are bounded by the physical characteristics of the xray detector. However, the need to image smaller structures provides motivation to develop high-resolution x-ray detector systems for use with computed radiographic, and tomographic x-ray systems. We report the implementation of a tilted detector technique (TDT) to attain near isotropic resolution enhancement by combining two orthogonal image views, acquired with existing detector hardware tilted at a fixed angle. Images were acquired using a ceiling-mounted x-ray unit (Proteus XR/a, GE Medical Systems, 50kVp, 250mAs). Images were digitized using a Fujifilm Capsula X CR system, from a 35×43cm detector cassette placed on an angulated stand, featuring a 3520×4280 image matrix with an in-plane pixel spacing of 0.1mm. Three images were acquired: two for use with our TDT; and one for comparison, with no detector tilt. Performance was determined by using two line-pair phantoms (Models 07-521 and 07-533, Nuclear Associates) placed orthogonally to each other in the field of view. Custom software corrected for perspective distortion, co-registered and combined the tilted-detector images into a single higher-resolution image. Following unwarping and co-registration, the limiting spatial resolution of an image obtained via the weighted combination of the two orthogonal views (8 lp/mm) is found to be superior to that of a single view acquired with no detector tilt (5 lp/mm). This novel technique shows significant improvement in the spatial resolution of x-ray image acquisitions, using existing x-ray components and detector hardware.
Effect of Fermentation with The Addition of Yeast Tape on The Sensory Quality of Gayo Arabica Coffee

This research has a purpose to evaluate the impact of fermentation with the addition of tape yeast affected the sensory quality of Gayo arabica coffee. The coffee processing process is accomplished naturally anaerobically with a dose of yeast addition tape of 0, 10, 30, and 60 grams. The attributes evaluated by the certified panelists were acidity, aftertaste, fragrance, flavor, body, sweetness, uniformity, clean cup, balance, defect, and overalls. The results revealed that fermentation with yeast additions of 0 grams and 10 grams did not significantly impact the sensory arabica coffee Gayo’s quality. The addition of 30 grams and 60 grams of yeast tape shows a noticeable difference in the resulting sensory quality.
Ab initio calculation of the lattice dynamics and phase diagram of boron nitride

We present a detailed study of the lattice dynamics and of the phase stability of cubic zincblende (c-BN) and hexagonal (h-BN) boron nitrides. The phonon-dispersion relations at different densities are calculated using a first-principles force-constant method. The calculated eigenfrequencies and phonon Gr\"uneisen parameters are in good agreement with experimental findings. From the electronic and vibrational energies as a function of volume we calculate the phase $(p,T)$ diagram of boron nitride in a quasiharmonic approximation. At low temperature c-BN is the stable modification; the c-BN/h-BN coexistence line intersects the temperature axis at 1440 K. In experiments this temperature lies between 1200 and 1800 K. Anharmonic corrections improve the agreement between the calculation and experiment for high pressure and temperature.
Coordinating a three-level supply chain with quantity discounts

Numerous examples exist that illustrate how companies enjoying a strong position in a supply chain unilaterally dictate terms to their suppliers and/or their customers. This paper suggests a mechanism by which a company can coordinate its purchasing and production functions and create an integrated plan that dictates order and production quantities throughout a three-firm channel. Specifically, we model a company that attempts to dictate channel lot sizes by obtaining a quantity discount from its supplier while offering perhaps a different one to its customer. Previous quantity discount research has examined supply chains consisting of only two levels, a seller and a buyer. This paper considers a three-level chain (supplier–manufacturer–retailer) and explores the benefits of using quantity discounts on both ends of the supply chain to decrease costs. We show that incorporating quantity discounts into both ends of the supply chain can significantly decrease costs compared to concentrating only on the lower end. Furthermore, the results of the decentralized procedure described here are robust vis-à-vis a centralized decision-making procedure.
A method for estimation of stimulated brain sites based on columnar structure of cerebral cortex in transcranial magnetic stimulation

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive method to stimulate the cortex. In TMS with a figure-of-eight coil, the induced electric field elicited by the pulsed magnetic fields is gathered beneath the center of the figure-of-eight coil, so the point on the cortex beneath the center of the figure-of-eight coil has been regarded as a stimulating site conventionally. However, the stimulating point determined in this way is not supposed to be plausible because electric field induced in TMS is dispersed over the brain vectorially. The present study proposed the novel method for the accurate estimation of stimulating points of the cortex in TMS. In our proposed method, the cortical structure and property of neural excitation in magnetic nerve stimulation were taken into account. The basic unit of the cerebral cortex is the cylindrical column containing pyramidal neurons perpendicular to the cortical surface, and neural excitation in the magnetic nerve stimulation is determined by the spatial deriv.
Beryllium compensation doping of InAs∕GaSb infrared superlattice photodiodes

Capacitance-voltage measurements in conjunction with dark current measurements on InAs∕GaSb long wavelength infrared superlattice photodiodes grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on GaSb substrates are reported. By varying the beryllium concentration in the InAs layer of the active region, the residually n-type superlattice is compensated to become slightly p type. By adjusting the doping, the dominant dark current mechanism can be varied from diffusion to Zener tunneling. Minimization of the dark current leads to an increase of the zero-bias differential resistance from less than 4to32Ωcm2 for a 100% cutoff of 12. 05μm
Giant negative thermal expansion in Ge-doped anti-perovskite manganese nitrides

We report the discovery of a large negative thermal expansion (NTE) up to α=−25×10−6K−1 (α: coefficient of linear thermal expansion) in Ge-doped anti-perovskite manganese nitrides Mn3AN (A=Cu,Zn,Ga). This gigantic NTE is several to ten times higher than that of commercially available NTE materials. The discontinuous lattice expansion seen in pure Mn3AN is broadened by Ge substitution over a wide temperature window, at widest ΔT∼100K, around room temperature. Such a large, isotropic and nonhysteretic NTE is desirable for practical applications.
RESISTANCE TO FLOW IN ALLUVIAL CHANNELS WITH COARSE BED MATERIALS

The hydraulics of alluvial streams and sediment transport in alluvial channels is not yet well understood and consequently poorly described. In particular the topic of flow resistance has received much attention [1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 13] but as yet there has been no general equation relating friction to average flow velocity. Equations developed on the basis of rigid boundary fluid mechanics do not adequately describe the more complex behavior of alluvial channels. This paper discusses the relationship of flow resistance to average flow velocity based on the author's study of the Raba River in Poland. Experimental results are compared with EINSTEIN-BARBAROSSA, RAUDKIVI and MANNING methods.
Single-Molecule Dissociation by Tunneling Electrons

The tunneling current from a scanning tunneling microscope was used to image and dissociate single O{sub 2} molecules on the Pt(111) surface in the temperature range of 40 to 150K. After dissociation, the two oxygen atoms are found one to three lattice constants apart. The dissociation rate as a function of current was found to vary as I{sup 0.8{plus_minus}0.2} , I{sup 1.8{plus_minus}0.2} , and I{sup 2.9{plus_minus}0.3} for sample biases of 0.4, 0.3, and 0.2V, respectively. These rates are explained using a general model for dissociation induced by intramolecular vibrational excitations via resonant inelastic electron tunneling. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Shared genetic architecture of hernias: A genome-wide association study with multivariable meta-analysis of multiple hernia phenotypes

Abdominal hernias are common and characterised by the abnormal protrusion of a viscus through the wall of the abdominal cavity. The global incidence is 18.5 million annually and there are limited non-surgical treatments. To improve understanding of common hernia aetiopathology, we performed a six-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 62,637 UK Biobank participants with either single or multiple hernia phenotypes including inguinal, femoral, umbilical and hiatus hernia. Additionally, we performed multivariable meta-analysis with metaUSAT, to allow integration of summary data across traits to generate combined effect estimates. On individual hernia analysis, we identified 3404 variants across 38 genome-wide significant (p < 5×10−8) loci of which 11 are previously unreported. Robust evidence for five shared susceptibility loci was discovered: ZC3H11B, EFEMP1, MHC region, WT1 and CALD1. Combined hernia phenotype analyses with additional multivariable meta-analysis of summary statistics in metaUSAT revealed 28 independent (seven previously unreported) shared susceptibility loci. These clustered in functional categories related to connective tissue and elastic fibre homeostasis. Weighted genetic risk scores also correlated with disease severity suggesting a phenotypic-genotypic severity correlation, an important finding to inform future personalised therapeutic approaches to hernia.
Experimental determination of principal permittivities and hyperbolic equi-frequency surfaces in silver nanowire arrays

The polarisation dependent optical properties of silver nanowire arrays are investigated by angular resolved transmission measurements. The corresponding spectra show clear Fabry-Perot oscillations, which exhibit an unusual shift towards longer wavelengths for the extraordinary waves. From the peak shift both principal dielectric functions of the metamaterial are determined and compared with effective medium theories. Furthermore the equifrequency contours in wave vector diagrams were mapped from the experimental data and compared with theoretical plots confirming the hypberbolic dispersion relation for TM polarised waves.