Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of sex-biased genes in Drosophila species with neo-sex chromosomes: potential contribution to reducing sexual conflict

An advantage of sex chromosomes is the potential to reduce sexual conflict because they provide a basis for selection to operate separately on females and males. However, evaluating the relationship between sex chromosomes and sexual conflict is challenging owing to the difficulty in measuring sexual conflict and substantial divergence between species with and without sex chromosomes. We therefore examined sex-biased gene expression as a proxy for sexual conflict in three sets of Drosophila species with and without young sex chromosomes, the so-called neo-sex chromosomes. In all sets, we detected more sex-biased genes in the species with neo-sex chromosomes than in the species without neo-sex chromosomes in larvae, pupae, and adult somatic tissues but not in gonads. In particular, many unbiased genes became either female- or male-biased after linkage to the neo-sex chromosomes in larvae, despite the low sexual dimorphism in larvae. However, sexual dimorphism at the adult stage can be a consequence of sexual conflict at the larval stage. For example, larval body size and rate of development are likely targets of sexually antagonistic selection (i.e., large size and rapid development are selected for in females but selected against in males). Indeed, genes involved in metabolism, a key determinant of the rate of development in many animals, were enriched in the genes that acquired sex-biased expression on the neo-sex chromosomes at the larval stage. These results indicate that acquiring neo-sex chromosomes may have contributed to a reduction in sexual conflict, particularly at the larval stage, in Drosophila. (247/250 words)
The molecular groundplan of male reproduction is partially preserved in parthenogenetic stick insects

After the loss of a trait, theory predicts that the molecular machinery underlying its phenotypic expression should decay. Yet, empirical evidence is contrasting. Here, we test the hypotheses that (1) the molecular ground plan of a lost trait could persist due to pleiotropic effects on other traits and (2) that gene co-expression network architecture could constrain individual gene expression. Our testing ground has been the Bacillus stick insect species complex, which contains close relatives that are either bisexual or parthenogenetic. After the identification of genes expressed in male reproductive tissues in a bisexual species, we investigated their gene co-expression network structure in two parthenogenetic species. We found that gene co-expression within the male gonads was preserved in parthenogens. Furthermore, parthenogens did not show relaxed selection on genes upregulated in male gonads in the bisexual species. As these genes were mostly expressed in female gonads, this preservation could be driven by pleiotropic interactions and an ongoing role in female reproduction. Connectivity within the network also played a key role, with highly connected - and more pleiotropic - genes within male gonad also having a gonad-biased expression in parthenogens. Our findings provide novel insight into the mechanisms which could underlie the production of rare males in parthenogenetic lineages; more generally, they provide an example of the cryptic persistence of a lost trait molecular ground plan, driven by gene pleiotropy on other traits and within their co-expression network. Significance Loss of traits commonly occurs in diverse lineages of organisms. Here we investigate what happens to genes and regulatory networks associated with these traits, using parthenogenetic insect species as a model. We investigated the fate of genes and gene regulatory networks associated with male gonads in a bisexual species in closely related parthenogens. Rather than showing signs of disuse and decay, they have been partially preserved in parthenogens. More highly pleiotropic genes in male gonads were more likely to have a gonad-biased expression profile in parthenogens. These results highlight the role of pleiotropy in the cryptic persistence of a trait molecular ground plan, despite its phenotypical absence.
MODELO PARA EL DESARROLLO DE GESTIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO EN EL ÁREA DE INVESTIGACIÓN

All organizations, whether they belong to the public or private sector, should have the necessary tools to meet the changing environment. The Knowledge Management, which is based on the measurement and evaluation of Intellectual Capital, provides the methodology for this purpose and is a management tool adaptable to any type of organization. However, it is difficult to apply this tool that has been designed for private companies, to the public institutions, especially in national universities. This paper seeks to present the way to apply of a theoretical model management to contribute to the development of scientific production in the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, the model is based on Knowledge Management and was adapted to the characteristics of the institution public higher education. This article is the result of literature reviews and is part of the research project “Management model for development of application projects”
Molecular epidemiology of Cercospora leaf spot on resistant and susceptible sugar beet hybrids

Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), caused by Cercospora beticola, is a major foliar disease impacting sugar beet production worldwide. The development of new resistant sugar beet hybrids provides a powerful tool to better manage the disease, but it is unclear how these hybrids affect CLS epidemiology. We used a molecular epidemiology approach to dissect natural epidemics of CLS affecting two susceptible and two resistant sugar beet hybrids with different levels of resistance at two field sites. Infected plants were geotagged on a weekly basis. Isolations of C. beticola were made from infected leaves and genotyped using six simple sequence repeat loci to identify clones. We determined that CLS epidemics had a later onset in plots planted to resistant hybrids, but once the pathogen established an infection, there was little difference between resistant and susceptible hybrids in the probability of localized spread and dispersal. We found that different clones often infected the same leaf and that clusters of infected plants were often colonized by a mixture of clones. There was little overall difference in genetic diversity between resistant and susceptible hybrids, however genotypic evenness differed at one site. In this site we found one genotype restricted to the resistant cultivars at a high frequency. We established that infections were not randomly distributed across the fields and we found that a single clone could spread over a distance of 100 m during a growing season.
Multilayer ground-penetrating radar guided waves in shallow soil layers for estimating soil water content

The knowledge of moisture-content changes in shallow soil layers has important environmental implications, and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) used in surface-to-surface configuration has been used increasingly to quickly image soil moisture content over large areas. The technique is based on measuring direct GPR wave velocity in the ground. However, in the presence of shallow and thin low-velocity soil layers, dispersive guided GPR waves are generated and the direct ground wave is not identifiable as a simple arrival. Under such conditions, the dispersion relation of guided waves can be estimated from field data and then inverted to obtain the properties of the guiding layers. This approach is applied to a mountain slope with a 1-m soil cover where repeated measurements over time, inverted by conceptualizing the soil as a single guiding layer, lead to estimates of velocity andthickness varying over time. Varying soil thickness clearly is not a plausible physical process. To remove this problem, we develop.
Ramifications of coliforms as a significant general medical issue in Nigeria

Water, the essence of life, is threatened by bacterial contamination. Coliform count is the major tool to determine the bacteriological quality of water. The determination is quite easy and informative. The different methodologies are employed depending on suitability by maximum probable number (MPN) which is the most accepted. The environment conditions like sunlight, water salinity, temperature etc. provide simple concepts to justify the coliform counts at various places. Faecal coliforms are discussed here with special emphasis as these which are very significant indicators of faecal contamination. Though uncomplicated, coliform counts also determine framing policies for safe and healthy living. However, caution has to be taken while interpreting the coliform data. This paper aims to present the best for understanding the coliform data and interpreting them in a justifiable way.
Investigating Student Mistakes in Introductory Data Science Programming

Data Science (DS) has emerged as a new academic discipline where students are introduced to data-centric thinking and generating data-driven insights through programming. Unlike traditional introductory programming education, which focuses on program syntax and core Computer Science (CS) topics (e.g., algorithms and data structures), introductory DS education emphasizes skills such as studying the data at hand to gain insights and making effective use of programming libraries (e.g., re , NumPy , pandas , scikit-learn ). To better understand learners’ needs and pain points when they are introduced to DS programming, we investigated a large online course on data manipulation designed for graduate students who do not have a CS or Statistics undergraduate degree. We qualitatively analyzed incorrect student code submissions for computational notebook-based programming assignments in Python. We identified common mistakes and grouped them into the following themes: (1) programming language and environment misconceptions, (2) logical mistakes due to data or problem-statement misun-derstanding or incorrectly dealing with missing values, (3) semantic mistakes from incorrect usage of DS libraries, and (4) suboptimal coding. Our work provides instructors valuable insights to understand student needs in introductory DS courses and improve course pedagogy, along with recommendations for developing assessment and feedback tools to better support students in large courses.
Consumer Environmental Knowledge And Green Purchase Behavior

As per Copenhagen Climate Talks, India is one of the world's biggest emitters of carbon dioxide - a greenhouse gas blamed for global warming. In India the consumer’s environmental concern is showing an increasing trend, but still it is highly questionable, that this environmental cleverness will get translated into increased green purchasing. Hence, the present study is needed in India which stands as the third largest polluting country in the world. Further this kind of study at a micro level will facilitate decision maker to make appropriate policies. In this study, selection of samples is from one of the most polluted cities of Tamil Nadu namely Coimbatore which will help in establishing the relationship between the consumer attitude and behavior and different demographic variables. There is a need of such a kind of study in developing countries like India, as they also have registered their names in the black list of polluting countries. Such a study at regional level shall help the policy makers to evolve macro level policies. Hence the present study with the selection of a sample from one of the most polluted cities like Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu, establishes the relationship between consumer attitude and behavior and different demographic variables. The present study carried out by the researcher is an empirical in nature and the study is based on the survey method. This study aims to analyze the attitude and behavior of Indian consumers towards green products & suggest better strategies to implement green marketing.
Gratitude Practice to Decrease Stress and Burnout in Acute-Care Health Professionals

Work stress and burnout are reported barriers to quality patient care and job satisfaction. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of participation in a 21-day gratitude journaling intervention on healthcare professionals' reported gratitude levels. A secondary aim was to determine the correlation between increased gratitude and decreased work-related stress and burnout. Gratitude increased post-intervention (p< 0.05) and remained elevated three months later (p< 0.01). Stress significantly decreased post-intervention (p < 0.01), and remained decreased (p< 0.01) at the twelve-week measure. Burnout significantly decreased post-intervention, with a 3-month effect. Higher gratitude was significantly associated with lower stress (p< 0.01), disengagement (p< 0.05), and exhaustion (p< 0.05). This is the first known study to evaluate the practice of gratitude for managing burnout in healthcare workers. Implications are significant considering the consequence of negative job demands on the quality of patient care and work satisfaction.
Similar Antibody Responses Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Individuals Living Without and With Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Antiretroviral Therapy During the First South African Infection Wave

Background. There is limited understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenesis in African populations with a high burden of infectious disease comorbidities such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The kinetics, magnitude, and duration of virus-specific antibodies and B-cell responses in people living with HIV (PLWH) in sub-Saharan Africa have not been fully characterized. Methods. We longitudinally followed SARS-CoV-2–infected individuals in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and characterized SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgG, and IgA weekly for 1 month and at 3 months post-diagnosis. Thirty of 72 (41.7%) were PLWH, 25/30 (83%) of whom were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with full HIV suppression. Plasma neutralization was determined using a live virus neutralization assay, and antibody-secreting cell population frequencies were determined by flow cytometry. Results. Similar seroconversion rates, time to peak antibody titer, peak magnitude, and durability of anti–SARS-CoV-2 IgM, IgG, and IgA were observed in people not living with HIV and PLWH with complete HIV suppression on ART. In addition, similar potency in a live virus neutralization assay was observed in both groups. Loss of IgA was significantly associated with age (P = .023) and a previous diagnosis of tuberculosis ( P = .018). Conclusions. Similar antibody responses and neutralization potency in people not living with HIV and PLWH on stable ART in an African setting suggest that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) natural infections may confer comparable antibody immunity in these groups. This provides hope that COVID-19 vaccines will be effective in PLWH on stable ART.
Sustainable Future Ports And Maritime Logistics: Main Trends And Long Term Challenges

This paper provides an overarching analysis of the key elements of the future ports and maritime logistics, particularly from sustainability perspective. This is followed by a discussion of current, emerging and potential strategies, covering main trends and long term challenges to realize more sustainable practices, the different interest groups involved and also the importance and changing nature of ports and maritime logistics regulation. Research inductive and deductive methods are used in order to express the main scientific aspects of sustainability of future ports and maritime logistics.
Measurement-Driven Large-Eddy Simulations of a Diurnal Cycle during a Wake Steering Field Campaign

High-ﬁdelity ﬂow modeling with data assimilation enables accurate representation of the wind-farm operating environment under realistic, nonstationary atmospheric conditions. Capturing the temporal evolution of the turbulent atmospheric boundary layer is critical to understanding the behavior of wind turbines under operating conditions with simultaneously varying inﬂow and controls inputs. This paper covers the identiﬁcation of a case study during a ﬁeld evaluation of wake steering; the development of a tailored mesoscale-to-microscale coupling strategy that captured local ﬂow conditions within a large-eddy 5 simulation (LES), given observations that do not completely describe the wind and temperature ﬁelds throughout the simulation domain; and the application of this coupling strategy to validate high-ﬁdelity aeroelastic predictions of turbine performance and wake interactions with and without wake steering. The case study spans 4.5 hours after midnight local time, during which wake steering was toggled on and off ﬁve times, achieving yaw offset angles ranging from 0 ◦ to 17 ◦ . To resolve these nonstationary nighttime conditions, the turbulence ﬁeld was evolved starting from the diurnal cycle of the previous day. Given these 10 simulated background conditions, an LES with actuator-disk turbines was compared to a steady-state engineering wake model, demonstrating agreement with measurements under partially and nearly waked conditions. The LES was also able to capture conditions during which an upstream turbine wake induced a speedup at a downstream turbine and increased power production by 10%.
Enhancing Sentiment Understanding In Social Media Content With Bert Algorithm

Sentiment analysis, also known as opinion mining, is a crucial task in natural language processing (NLP), with widespread applications in understanding public opinion, market research, and social media monitoring. This research paper investigates the use of the BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) algorithm to enhance sentiment understanding in social media content. We delve into the capabilities of BERT, its application in sentiment analysis, and its advantages over traditional techniques. Through empirical experiments using real-world social media data, we demonstrate the efficacy of BERT in improving sentiment analysis accuracy. This paper contributes to advancing sentiment analysis methodologies, particularly in the context of social media, and discusses potential future directions in this evolving field.
Query2Interest Classification at Pinterest

We solve a short text classification problem named by query to interest (Query2Interest, or Q2I) classification based on Pinterest data. Q2I predicts a list of interests as a user searches on Pinter-est app. This module is important to applications including query understanding, search relevance, and ads targeting. However, it is unclear if pre-trained deep learning models like BERT based on large training corpus perform well for queries with less than 5 words. To attack the short text classification challenge, we conduct a thorough study of deep learning models performance on Q2I and propose a novel pin annotation-based query augmentation algorithm which lifts all model performance significantly. Our contributions in this paper include: 1) implementing common DNN models and comparing their performance in the Q2I setting; 2) adapting and fine-tuning pre-trained NLP models including Trans-former, BERT, GPT 2, XLNet and examining if transfer learning can achieve state-of-the-art as in NLP benchmarks; 3) proposing a multimodality data augmentation approach that not only boosts classification precision significantly but also allows simpler models like fastText continue working almost equally well as complex DNN models.
Implementation A Geographical and QoS Aware Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

A sensor in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) periodically generates data as it monitors its environment. The major operation in such a network is the methodical gathering and sending of sensed data to the command node for more processing. Several geographical-based routing protocols have been proposed for data propagation in WSNs. In PBR, accumulating neighborhood information for selecting subsequent hop can obtain a high efficiency in position-based routing that is based on situation of neighboring nodes. In this paper, we combine both distance-based and direction-based methods to acquire trade-off between energy consumption and end-to-end delay. In distance-based topologies, the next hop node is selected according a node with the largest distance towards the sink. Furthermore, in direction-based topologies the subsequent hop is selected with the lowest angle deviation towards the sink. In addition, we have used a new technique that is based on sentinel nodes. Due to the presence of sentinel nodes, not all nodes of wireless sensor network need to be activated. Sensor nodes become active, when they have a responsibility to send packets to the sink.
Morphology and diversity of the mandibular symphysis of archosauriforms

Abstract Archosauromorphs radiated into numerous trophic niches during the Mesozoic, many of which were accommodated by particular suites of cranial adaptations and feeding behaviours. The mandibular symphysis, the joint linking the mandibles, is a poorly understood craniomandibular joint that may offer significant insight into skull function and feeding ecology. Using comparative data from extant amniotes, we investigated the skeletal anatomy and osteological correlates of relevant soft tissues in a survey of archosauromorph mandibular symphyses. Characters were identified and their evolution mapped using a current phylogeny of archosauriforms with the addition of non-archosauriform archosauromorphs. Extinct taxa with the simple Class I condition (e.g. proterochampsids, ‘rauisuchians’), rugose Class II (aetosaurs, protosuchians, silesaurids) and interdigitating Class III symphyses (e.g. phytosaurs, crocodyliforms) and finally fused Class IV (avians) build the joints in expected ways, although they differ in the contributions of bony elements and Meckel’s cartilage. Optimization of the different classes of symphyses across archosauromorph clades indicates that major iterative transitions from plesiomorphic Class I to derived, rigid Class II–IV symphyses occurred along the lines to phytosaurs, aetosaurs, a subset of poposauroids, crocodyliformes, pterosaurs and birds. These transitions in symphyseal morphology also appear to track changes in dentition and potentially diet.
Public investment in infrastructure, strategic behaviour and growth

- This paper develops a two-country general equilibrium model with endogenous growth where governements behave strategically in the provision of productive infrastructure. The public capitals enter both national and foreign production as an external input, and they are (cid:222) nanced by a (cid:223) at tax on income. In the private sector, (cid:222) rms and households take the public policy as given when making their decisions. It is shown that both a Markov Perfect Equillibrium (MPE) and a Centralized Solution (CS) exist, even when the parameters allow for endogenous growth, therefore explosive paths for the state variables. And the dynamic analysis reveals three important features. Firstly, under constant returns, the two countries(cid:146) growth rates di ﬀ er during the transition but are identical on the balanced growth path. Secondly, due to the infrastructure externality, assuming away constant returns to scale a country with decreasing returns can experience sustained growth provided that the other grows at a positive constant rate. Thirdly, Nash growth rates are compared with the centralized rates. We show that cooperation in infrastructure provision does not necessarily lead to higher growth for each country. We also show that, in some con (cid:222) gurations of households(cid:146) preferences and initial conditions, cooperation would call for a recession in the initial stages of development, whereas strategic investments would not. Lastly, depending also on the con (cid:222) guration of preferences, we show that cooperation can increase or decrease the gap between countries(cid:146) growth rates.