Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fetal hydropsia: challenges in etiologies

Introduction: Fetal hydrops is defined as the presence of abnormal fluid collections in two or more extravascular fetal compartments and body cavities. There are about 150 different underlying causes known today potentially leading to this fetal alteration. Objective: To analyze the etiologies involved in the occurrence of cases of fetal hydrops. Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out using the MedLine, Pubmed and Scielo databases, from 2015 to 2021, using the expressions: "fetal, hydrop, etiologies. " Discussion: Fetal hydrops is divided into immune and non-immune. Immune results from anemia secondary to erythroblastosis by alloimmunization, so when there is maternal exposure to fetal antigens, it generates an immune response that results in the production of antibodies. History of blood transfusions, previous births, trauma and a history of alloimmunization are characterized as risk factors. Thus, immunoprophylaxis with anti-D immunoglobulin is indicated for all RhD negative pregnant women, with RhD positive male partner, with abundant fetal maternal hemorrhage during childbirth or events with potential sensitizer in the prenatal period. Conclusion: For an effective treatment, it is essential to identify the type of fetal hydrops in the patient and then the etiology of the disease, which is quite variable in Non-Immune Fetal Hydrops.
Retrospective cohort study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by tailored surgery in locally advanced sphincter-threatening vulval cancer: an alternative to exenteration?

Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, G12 0YN Glasgow, Scotland Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, G1 1XH Glasgow, Scotland Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, G4 0RE Glasgow, Scotland Clinical and Protecting Health Directorate, Public Health Scotland, EH12 9EB Edinburgh, Scotland Glasgow Royal Infirmary, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, G31 2ER Glasgow, Scotland University Hospitals, Coventry and Warwickshire, CV2 2DX Coventry, England
Use of Traditional Medicines to Fight COVID-19 during the South African Nationwide Lockdown: A Prevalence Study among University Students and Academic Staff

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has caused major public respiratory illness worldwide. To date, no specific treatment for COVID-19 has proven effective, thus leading people to rely on diverse measures including the use of traditional medicines. The study aimed at determining the prevalence of traditional medicine use amongst university staff and students, and to examine the association of traditional medicine use with mental status and health parameters. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design research method was used in this study. The targeted population was the university staff members and students in one rural-based university. A total of 400 individuals in rural-based university responded to the online survey; approximately more than three quarters were students 313 (78.3%) and single (86%). The ages of participants ranged from 17 to 66 years, with a median age of 22 years. The prevalence of the use of traditional medicines to respond to COVID-19 was 30.4%. A significantly higher proportion of use of traditional medicines was by participants with mental health impacts (62% vs. 37%), those who postponed medical appointments (48% vs. 22%) and those who failed to buy prescribed medications (36% vs. 14%). A considerable proportion of university staff members and students were found to be using traditional medicines in responding to COVID-19 during the South African nationwide lockdown. Policymakers and researchers are recommended to look more into the health benefits of traditional medicines, including clinical trials, to establish medicinal safety and efficacy.
The outcome of direct composite restorations using the dental operating microscope

Background The objective of the present study was to compare the outcome of direct composite restorations, with and without the use of additional magnification. Methods Twenty extracted molars were selected for the study. Class 1 Black cavities were prepared. All teeth were etched, and bonding agent was applied. Teeth were assigned randomly into two groups of ten each. Group I: restorations were done without the use of magnification, first by placing a layer of SDR® flow +Bulk Fill Flowable on the base of the cavity, and then restoring the morphology with Ceram.X SphereTEC® One. Group II: the same protocol was applied, but using the dental microscope. Teeth were then evaluated before and after finishing the protocol by 5 dental professionals using a series of established criteria. The results were documented and statistically analyzed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. Results Statistically significant differences were found when using magnification, before the polishing protocol in “marginal adaptation integrity” and “excess material”, and after polishing in “marginal adaptation integrity”. Conclusions Magnification may be used to increase the quality of the final direct posterior restoration by improving the marginal adaptation integrity, reducing excess material, preventing marginal microleakage, and avoiding subsequent failure.
Knowledge and utilization of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services among pregnant women in Tanzania

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection among children is mainly vectored through mother-to-child transmission. Prevention of mother-to-child-transmission strategy is highly effective; however, its accessibility and utilization is affected by the lack of knowledge among other factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among antenatal care attendees in two districts in Tanzania to determine their knowledge and utilization of the prevention of MTCT services. Results: We interviewed 160 antenatal care attendees aged 18-45 years with a mean (SD) age of 30.4 (6.3) years; 74 (46.2 %) were HIV-infected. HIV-infected women demonstrated significantly correct knowledge of HIV (p=0.001) and AIDS (p=0.014) than uninfected individuals. HIV-infected women also significantly demonstrated correct knowledge of mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy than HIV-uninfected women (p=0.016) and during delivery (p=0.005). A significant proportion of HIV-positive women compared to HIV-negative women were aware that correct use of antiretroviral during pregnancy can reduce the risk of mother-to-child-transmission of HIV (p<0.039), but only 6 (3.75%) of all women were aware that correct use of antiretroviral during delivery can significantly reduce the risk of mother-to-child-transmission. HIV-infected women had significant comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS (p=0.001) and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (p=0.006) than HIV-negative women. Comprehensive knowledge prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV was low among the study participants. Male partners’ involvement in maternal antenatal care was significantly higher among HIV-infected women than males from the HIV-infected women group (p<0.006). Conclusion: The study demonstrated inadequate knowledge of PMTCT among women who made ANC visits. HIV uninfected women had poorer knowledge compared to the HIV-infected ones. Routine HIV counseling and testing services were highly accepted among these women.
Can ACGME Milestones predict surgical specialty board passage: an example in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Background: Multiple tools including Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) standardized milestones can be utilized to assess trainee and residency program performance. However, little is known regarding the objective validation of these tools in predicting written board passage. Methods: In this retrospective study, data was gathered on n = 45 Wayne State University Obstetrics and Gynecology program graduates over the five-year period ending July 2018. United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores, Council on Resident Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology (CREOG) in-training scores and ACGME milestones were used to predict American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ABOG) board passage success on first attempt. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Written board passage was associated with average CREOGs (p = 0.01) and milestones (p = 0.008) while USMLE1 was not significantly associated (p = 0.055). USMLE1 <217 (Positive predictive value (PPV) = 96%). CREOGs <197 (PPV = 100%) and milestones <3.25 (PPV = 100%), particularly practice-based learning and systems-based practice milestones were most strongly correlated with board failure. Using a combination of these two milestones, it is possible to correctly predict board passage using our model (PPV = 86%). Discussion: This study is the first validating the utility of milestones in a surgical specialty by demonstrating their ability to predict board passage. Residents with CREOGs or milestones below thresholds are at risk for board failure and may warrant early intervention.
Identification and resistance profile of gram positive bacteria from aquatic environment

The Meia Ponte River – Goiás/Brazil, is responsible for benefiting about 2 million people in Goiás State. However, the increase in pollution with the disposal of sewage, chemicals and drug remains have contributed to the increase in bacterial resistance and the exchange of resistance genes. The objective of this study was to isolate, identify and analyze the resistance profile of gram-positive bacteria present in raw water and sediment of the Meia Ponte River – Goiás. The samples were collected from four sampling points and two collections were carried out, one in the dry season and the other in the rainy season. The isolated bacteria were identificated, then the antibiogram was performed. A total of 75 strains were isolated, 72.0% (54/75) of Streptococcus spp. , 12.0% (9/75) of Staphylococcus spp. , 9.3% (7/75) of Bacillus spp. and 6.7% (5/75) of Enterococcus spp. Furthermore, 52.0% (39/75) of the isolated strains were from raw water and 48.0% (36/75) were isolated from the sediment. Among the samples, strains of Staphylococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. showed greater resistance to antimicrobials, on the other hand, Enterococcus spp. showed less resistance. Some strains of Bacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp. presented multidrug resistant, Staphylococcus spp. showed multidrug resistant and some pan-drug resistant. In the correlation of Spearman Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. isolated, were the ones that presented the most significant correlations (p < 0.05). Thus, the study shows the importance of ascertaining the resistance profile of this group of bacteria that aquatic environment.
Estimation and Investigation of Mean and Most Probable Velocities of Tropospheric Gases over Ilorin, Nigeria

In this study, the monthly average minimum and maximum temperature meteorological data obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) during the period of thirty eight years (1979 – 2016) were used to estimate the mean velocity and most probable velocity of atomic Oxygen and Hydrogen for Ilorin. The values of the mean velocity and most probable velocity for these atoms were compared to the value of escape velocity. The results revealed that the highest values of mean velocity and most probable velocity for atomic Oxygen were found to be in the month of March with and respectively and the highest values of mean velocity and most probable velocity for atomic Hydrogen were found to be in the month of March with and respectively. Based on the values of the mean velocity and most probable velocity for atomic Oxygen and Hydrogen obtained during the studied period suggests that these atoms cannot escape the gravitational field as their values are less than the escape velocity .
THE DETECTION OF Anaplasma phagocytophilum AND Babesia vulpes IN SPLEEN SAMPLES OF RED FOX (Vulpes vulpes) IN SLOVENIA

The entrance of wild animals into human settings serves as the access of vector-borne pathogens to susceptible hosts. A red fox (Vulpes vulpes) frequently enters and is quite adapted to living in urban and periurban environments. Due to its living habits, it could be a possible source of tick-borne pathogens, but it could also transfer pathogens through bites. One hundred and ten spleen samples from red foxes were screened for the presence of the Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia vulpes genomes with real-time and conventional PCR. Positive PCR products were further sequenced. A genotype of A. phagocytophilum was determined and species of Babesia spp. if possible.Five (4.5%) spleen samples from red fox were positive for A. phagocytophilum DNA. With nucleotide comparison, three genotypes from cluster I were detected. The detected prevalence of B.vulpes in red fox in Slovenia was 76.3%. The parasite was detected in all tested regions of the country. Data from our study suggest that the red fox may have only limited impact on the circulation of the zoonotic genotype of A. phagocytophilum, but it represents a risk of transmission of B. vulpes near human settings and consequently poses a threat to domestic animals.Key words: red fox, Vulpes vulpes, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia spp. , Babesia vulpes, tick-borne pathogens, dogsUGOTAVLJANJE ANAPLAZME (Anaplasma phagocytophilum) IN BABEZIJE (Babesia vulpes) V VZORCIH VRANIC PRI RDEČIH LISICAH (Vulpes vulpes) V SLOVENIJI Izvleček: Prehajanje divjih živali v urbana okolja omogoča prenos klopno prenosljivih patogenih mikroorganizmov do dovzetnih oseb in živali. Navadna rdeča lisica (Vulpes vulpes) pogosto prehaja v okolico bivališč ljudi, prav tako se je že dobro privadila življenju v bližini ljudi. Zaradi svojih življenjskih navad predstavlja možen vir klopno prenosljivih patogenov preko okuženih klopov, lahko tudi preko ugriza živali. Stodeset vzorcev vranic navadne rdeče lisice smo pregledali na prisotnost genoma bakterije Anaplasma phagocytophilum in parazita Babesia spp. Pozitivnim vzorce smo nato določili zaporedje DNK in določili genotip A. phagocytophilum oz. vrsto babezije, kadar je bilo to mogoče. Pet vzorcev vranic (4.5 %) navadne rdeče lisice je bilo pozitivnih na prisotnost genoma A. phagocytophilum. Z določitvijo zaporedja DNK smo določili tri genotipe. Prevalenca okužbe z B. vulpes pri slovenskih lisicah je 76.3 %, določili pa smo jo v vseh statističnih regijah Slovenije. Navadna rdeča lisica ima zelo omejen vpliv na kroženje zoonotskega genotipa A. phagocytophilum. Kljub temu pa predstavlja verjeten vir prenosa parazita B. vulpes v urbana področja in posledično nevarnost za domače živali. Ključne besede: navadna rdeča lisica; Vulpes vulpes; Anaplasma phagocytophilum; Babesia spp. ; Babesia vulpes; klopno prenosljivi patogeni mikroorganizmi; psi
The Driving Factors of Public’s Interest in The Use of QRIS to Achieve Cashless Society

The objective of the study is to investigate the public’s interest in the use of QRIS (Quick Response Indonesia Standard) in Oro-Oro Dowo Market, Malang – East Java. The market serves as a traditional market that has been renovated by the local government to transform the traditional system into a modern market without abandoning its traditional traits. The traditional system refers to the well-established buying and selling mechanisms, such as the products’ arrangement and layout. On the other hand, the modern system refers to improved sanitation and payment mechanisms. The payments in traditional markets have been done by using cash, but the modern market system promotes non-cash payments. In this case, the non-cash payments are implemented using a barcode scanning system provided by the Indonesian national bank under the name QRIS. Therefore, an in-depth study was essential to be carried out to understand the public’s interest in the use of QRIS or non-cash for transactions in the Oro-Oro Dowo Market. The research methods used in this study were field research and survey. For the data analysis, several theories were applied, namely Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), Theory of Planned Behaviour, and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Then, the theories were analyzed by utilizing a software called SMART PLS to identify whether there was a correlation and effect of the use of QRIS and the buying interest or transaction rates in the Oro-Oro Dowo Market. The results of this study indicate that the three variables of reliability, construct validity, structural model, and discussions related to complexity, the usefulness of QRIS, time constraints, ease of use, and e-learning self-efficiency show appropriate consistency as most of the respondents used QRIS as an electronic transaction system that allowed them to do a faster transaction due to its efficiency and accessibility
Tectonic signatures in the Triassic sediments of the Betic External Zone (southern Spain) as possible evidence of rifting related to the Pangaea breakup

This paper describes various soft-sediment deformation structures present in the Triassic deposits of the Betic External Zone (Southern Iberian). These structures, together with variations in deposit thicknesses, internal angular unconformities, and synsedimentary faults, point to intense tectonic activity from the Middle to Late Triassic related to a stage of rifting. The Middle–Late Triassic in the Betic External Zone shows a sedimentary record represented by Muschelkalk and Keuper facies. In the Ladinian Muschelkalk, carbonates appear slumps, breccias, load casts, slide and parallel shear surfaces, and tsunamites. In the sandstones of the Carnian Keuper facies, different seismite beds and ball and pillow structures can be discerned. Above these deposits, the carbonate Zamoranos Formation of the Rhaetian displays volcaniclastic rocks with conglomerates, slumps and synsedimentary faults. All these features and magmatism suggest some tectonic activity, possibly related to the breakup of Pangaea, especially at the end Triassic. We highlight the features that indicate this tectonic activity over time and discuss the factors that triggered the development of these structures, along with the conditions that made this possible.
Combining Tumor Segmentation Masks with PET/CT Images and Clinical Data in a Deep Learning Framework for Improved Prognostic Prediction in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

PET/CT images provide a rich data source for clinical prediction models in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Deep learning models often use images in an end-to-end fashion with clinical data or no additional input for predictions. However, in the context of HNSCC, the tumor region of interest may be an informative prior in the generation of improved prediction performance. In this study, we utilize a deep learning framework based on a DenseNet architecture to combine PET images, CT images, primary tumor segmentation masks, and clinical data as separate channels to predict progression-free survival (PFS) in days for HNSCC patients. Through internal validation (10-fold cross-validation) based on a large set of training data provided by the 2021 HECKTOR Challenge, we achieve a mean C-index of 0.855 +- 0.060 and 0.650 +- 0.074 when observed events are and are not included in the C-index calculation, respectively. Ensemble approaches applied to cross-validation folds yield C-index values up to 0.698 in the independent test set (external validation). Importantly, the value of the added segmentation mask is underscored in both internal and external validation by an improvement of the C-index when compared to models that do not utilize the segmentation mask. These promising results highlight the utility of including segmentation masks as additional input channels in deep learning pipelines for clinical outcome prediction in HNSCC.
Investigating the transparency of reporting in two-sample summary data Mendelian randomization studies using the MR-Base platform

Background: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR) is an increasingly popular epidemiological method that uses genetic variants as instruments for making causal inferences. Clear reporting of methods employed in such studies is important for evaluating their underlying quality. However, the quality of methodological reporting of 2SMR studies is currently unclear. Objectives: We aimed to assess the reporting quality of studies that used MR-Base, one of the most popular platforms for implementing 2SMR analysis. Methods: We searched Web of Science Core Collection, PsycInfo, MEDLINE, EMBASE and citations listed in Google Scholar of the MR-Base descriptor paper for any published MR study that used MR-Base during any component of the MR analysis. Studies were screened by two independent reviewers. We created a bespoke reporting checklist to evaluate reporting quality of 2SMR studies. Information was extracted by at least two independent reviewers. Results: 87 studies were included in the primary analysis, of which 14 had at least 10 phenotypes. Reporting quality was generally poor with a mean of 53% (SD = 14%) of items reported in each study. Many items required for evaluating the validity of key assumptions made in MR were poorly reported: only 44% of studies provided sufficient details for assessing if the variant associates with the exposure ('relevance' assumption), 31% for the assessing if there are any variant-outcome confounders ('independence' assumption), 89% for the assessing if the variant causes the outcome independently of the exposure ('exclusion restriction' assumption), and 32% for assumptions of falsification tests. We found no evidence of a change in reporting over time and findings were similar in a random sample of MR studies that did not use the MR-Base platform. Discussion: The quality of reporting of two-sample Mendelian randomization studies in our sample was generally poor. Journals and researchers should implement the STROBE-MR guidelines to improve reporting quality. Other: Funding: ESRC, Regression: This study pre-registered on the OSF, and the protocol can be found at DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/NFM27
Establishment and preliminary evaluation of a teaching hospital-based dementia consultation service for rurally-based regional district general hospitals

The treatment of patients with dementia poses a considerable challenge to regional district general hospitals, particularly in rural areas. Here we report the establishment and initial evaluation of a dementia-specific consultation service provided by a teaching hospital-based Psychiatry Department to regional district general hospitals in smaller surrounding towns. The service was provided to patients both with pre-existing and newly diagnosed or suspected dementia, who were in acute hospital care for concurrent conditions. An initial evaluation of 61 consultations - 49 on-site and 12 via telemedicine - was performed to assess the needs of the participating hospitals and the specific nature of the referrals to the consultation service. Suspected dementia or cognitive dysfunction was the primary reason for consultation requests (>50% of cases). Other common requests concerned suspected delirium, behavioral disturbances, and therapeutic recommendations. During the consultations, a diagnosis of dementia was reached in 52.5% of cases, with other common diagnoses including delirium and depression. Recommendations related to pharmacotherapy were given in 54.1% of consultations. Other recommendations included referral for outpatient neurological or psychiatric follow-up, further diagnostic assessment, or assessment in a memory clinic. Geriatric psychiatric inpatient treatment was recommended in only seven cases (11.5 %). Our initial evaluation demonstrates the feasibility of providing a dementia-specific consultation service in a rural area. The service has the potential to reduce acute transfers to inpatient geriatric psychiatry and enables older patients with dementia or delirium to be treated locally by helping and empowering rurally-based regional hospitals to manage these problems and associated complications.