Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of ITCZ poleward location bias on ENSO seasonal phase-locking simulation in climate models

El Niño and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most influential interannual climate variability on Earth. The tendency of the mature phase of ENSO, characterized by the strongest sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, to appear during the boreal winter is known as seasonal phase locking. Climate models are challenged by biases in simulating ENSO seasonal phase-locking. Here, we evaluated the ENSO phase-locking simulation performance in 50 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models, and found that the models with the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) poleward bias tended to simulate more ENSO events that peaked out of the boreal winter season. The contributions of the ITCZ poleward bias to the ENSO phase-locking bias were also evaluated, yielding a correlation coefficient of 0.55, which can explain approximately 30% of the ENSO seasonal phase-locking bias. The mechanism that influences the simulation of ENSO seasonal phase-locking was also assessed. The ITCZ poleward bias induces a dry bias over the equatorial Pacific, especially during the boreal summer. During ENSO events, the meridional movement of the ITCZ is prevented, and the equatorial precipitation and convection anomalies that respond to ENSO events are also restrained. The restrained convection anomaly weakens the ENSO-related zonal wind anomaly, triggering a weaker eastern tropical Pacific thermocline anomaly during the following autumn. The weakened thermocline anomaly cannot sustain further development of ENSO-related SST anomalies. Therefore, ENSO events in models containing ITCZ poleward bias are restrained during the boreal summer and autumn and, thus, tend to peak out of the winter season.
Solitons and large time asymptotics of solutions for the Novikov-Veselov equation

This work is concerned with the study of the Novikov-Veselov equation, a ( 2 + 1 )-dimensional analog of the renowned Korteweg-de Vries equation, integrable via the inverse scattering transform for the 2-dimensional stationary Schrodinger equation at a fixed energy. We start by studying a special class of rational nonsingular algebraically localized solutions of the Novikov-Veselov equation at positive energy constructed by Grinevich and Zakharov and we demonstrate that these solutions are multisolitons. Grinevich-Zakharov solutions are localized as $ O( | x |^{ -2 } ) $, $ | x | \to \infty $, and in the present work we prove that this localization is almost the strongest possible: we show that the Novikov-Veselov equation at nonzero energy does not possess solitons localized stronger than $ O( | x |^{ - 3 } ) $, $ | x | \to \infty $. For the case of zero energy we show that if the solitons of the Novikov-Veselov equation belong to the range of solutions of the modified Novikov-Veselov equation under Miura transform, then localization stronger than $ O( | x |^{ -2 } ) $ is not possible. In the present work we also study the question of the asymptotic behavior of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the Novikov-Veselov equation at nonzero energy (for the case of positive energy transparent or reflectionless solutions are considered). Under assumption that the scattering data for the solutions are nonsingular we obtain that these solutions decrease uniformly with time as $ O( t^{ -1 } ) $, $ t \to +\infty $, in the case of positive energy and as $ O( t^{ -3/4 } ) $, $ t \to +\infty $, in the case of negative energy; in the latter case we also demonstrate that the obtained estimate is optimal.
The inverses of thinned renewal processes

The class of inverses of a p-thinned renewal process is considered. It is shown that this class consists of renewal processes. It consists of Cox and renewal processes if and only if the given thinned process is Cox and renewal. In the non-Cox case, there exists a unique top renewal process, which by thinning generates all the possible inverses. Conditions for a renewal process to be a top process are given. Finally, a gamma renewal process is shown to be a top process when α > 1, where α is the shape parameter of the gamma distribution.
Verification methods for drift–diffusion reaction models for plasma simulations

Compared to other computational physics areas such as codes for general computational fluid dynamics, the documentation of verification methods for plasma fluid codes remains under developed. Current analytical solutions for plasma are often highly limited in terms of testing highly coupled physics, due to the harsh assumptions needed to derive even simple plasma equations. This work highlights these limitations, suggesting the method of manufactured solutions (MMSs) as a potential option for future verification efforts. To demonstrate the flexibility of MMS in verifying these highly coupled systems, the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) framework was utilized. Thanks to the MOOSE framework’s robustness and modularity, as well as to its physics module capabilities and ecosystem applications (i.e. Zapdos and the chemical reaction network) developed for plasma physics modeling and simulation, this report lays the groundwork for a structured method of conducting plasma fluid code verification.
RNF8 depletion attenuates hepatocellular carcinoma progression by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and enhancing drug sensitivity

Despite substantial advances that have been made in understanding the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the early-stage diagnosis and treatment of advanced-stage HCC remain a major challenge. RNF8, an E3 ligase important for the DNA damage response, has been proven to facilitate the progression of breast and lung cancer, but its role in HCC remains unclear. In this study, we find that the expression of RNF8 is up-regulated in HCC tissues and positively correlated with poor prognosis of HCC. Furthermore, silencing RNF8 by siRNAs attenuates the migration of HCC cells and inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by regulating the expressions of proteins including N-cadherin, β-catenin, snail, and ZO-1. Moreover, Kaplan‒Meier survival analysis shows that high RNF8 expression predicts poor survival benefits from sorafenib. Finally, cell viability assay demonstrates that RNF8 depletion enhances the sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib and lenvatinib treatment. We hypothesize that the inhibitory role of RNF8 in EMT and its enhancing effects on anti-cancer drugs orchestrate the protective effects of RNF8 deficiency in HCC, which indicates its potential in clinical application.
Three-Dimensional Method Combining Linearly Structured Light Sensing and Rotary Scanning for Measuring Aviation Bearings

The geometric parameters of aviation bearings need to be accurately measured to ensure that the bearings are correctly assembled for reliable operation and quality purposes. This study aimed to solve the problems presented by the low accuracy and low efficiency of the existing method while avoiding the error introduced by the deviation of the measurement beam from the center of the aviation bearings during measurement. This method determines the spatial posture of the axis of the rotary table using linear structured light sensing and extracts the spatial point-cloud data of the aviation bearings based on rotary scanning. We propose algorithms for spatial property determination and point-cloud segmentation. To avoid the error caused by the deviation of the measurement beam from the center of the aviation bearings, the point-cloud data are transformed to a new coordinate system prior to extracting the features of the datum plane and raceway. An aviation bearing is measured to verify the validity of the proposed method. The radius and eccentricity of the raceway are 4.900 and 0.010 mm with experimental standard deviations of 0.002 and 0.001 mm, respectively. For comparison purposes, experiments with a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and contourgraph were also performed. The expanded measurement uncertainty considering the repeatability, reference instruments, and temperature drift is $1.6 \mu \text{m}$ . The proposed method can be extended to precision noncontact measurements of workpieces with rotary structures.
Bioactive Metabolite from Endophytic Aspergillus versicolor SB5 with Anti-Acetylcholinesterase, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities: In Vitro and In Silico Studies

Endophytic fungi are a highly unpredictable group of microorganisms that can create a diverse range of secondary metabolites with biological activity. These metabolites enhance the host’s ability to tolerate stress caused by various factors, such as disease, insects, pathogens, and herbivores. The secondary metabolites produced by endophytic fungi may have potential applications in agriculture, pharmacy, and medicine. The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of secondary metabolites extracted from endophytic fungi. Aspergillus versicolor SB5 was one of the many endophytic fungi isolated from Juncus rigidus and identified genetically with accession number ON872302. Our study utilized fermentation and microbial cultivation techniques to obtain secondary metabolites. During the course of our investigation, we isolated a compound called Physcion (C1) from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus versicolor SB5. We subsequently identified that C1 possesses inhibitory activity against COX-2 and LOX-1, with IC50 values of 43.10 and 17.54 µg/mL, respectively, making it an effective anti-inflammatory agent. Moreover, we found that C1 also exhibited potent anticholinesterase activity (86.9 ± 1.21%). In addition to these promising therapeutic properties, our experiments demonstrated that C1 possesses strong antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by its ability to scavenge DPPH, ABTS, O2 radicals, and NO and inhibit lipid peroxidation. To further investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying C1 pharmacological properties, we employed SwissADME web tools to predict the compound’s ADME-related physicochemical properties and used Molecular Operating Environment and PyMOL for molecular docking studies.
An Algorithm for Locating Candidate Labeling Boxes Within a Polygon

Vector-based geographic information systems usually require annotation, such as a polygon number or attribute data, in a suitable location within a polygon. Traditional methods usually compute the polygon centroid, test the centroid for inclusion or exclusion, and select some alternative point when the centroid falls outside the polygon. Two problems are associated with this approach: (1) the text can be centered on the point, but may be placed in a visually awkward place, and (2) part of the text may fall outside the polygon and may overlap other polygon boundaries or other text labels. An algorithm is presented that circumvents both of these problems, by computing a number of horizontal candidate labeling rectangles (boxes) within a polygon from which a suitable selection can be made or from which one may conclude that the text label does not fit the polygon.
A Systematic Approach for the Interpretation of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Children with Focus on Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is the clinical standard for children with congenital heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF) being assessed for transplantation candidacy, and subjects with unexplained dyspnea on exertion. Heart, lung, skeletal muscle, peripheral vasculature, and cellular metabolism impairment frequently lead to circulatory, ventilatory, and gas exchange abnormalities during exercise. An integrated analysis of the multi-system response to exercise can be beneficial for differential diagnosis of exercise intolerance. The CPET combines standard graded cardiovascular stress testing with simultaneous ventilatory respired gas analysis. This review addresses the interpretation and clinical significance of CPET results with specific reference to cardiovascular diseases. The diagnostic values of commonly obtained CPET variables are discussed using an easy-to-use algorithm for physicians and trained nonphysician personnel in clinical practice.
The Role of High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Cerebrovascular Disease: A Narrative Review

High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) is the most important and popular vessel wall imaging technique for the direct assessment of vessel wall and cerebral arterial disease. It can identify the cause of stroke in high-risk plaques and differentiate the diagnosis of head and carotid artery dissection, including inflammation, Moya Moya disease, cerebral aneurysm, vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, blunt cerebrovascular injury, cerebral arteriovenous malformations, and other stenosis or occlusion conditions. Through noninvasive visualization of the vessel wall in vitro, quantified assessment of luminal stenosis and pathological features of the vessel wall can provide clinicians with further disease information. In this report, technical considerations of HRMRI are discussed, and current clinical applications of HRMRI are reviewed.
Double Γ-Convergence and Application to Energy Functionals

Abstract We introduce a ‘double’ version of Γ-convergence, which we have named ‘double Γ-convergence’, and apply it to obtain the Γ-limit of double-perturbed energy functionals as p → 1 and p → +∞, respectively. The limit of (p, q)-type capacity as p → 1 and p → +∞, respectively, is also obtained in this manner.
Growth Rate of Broiler Production Affected by Xylo-Oligosaccharides and Chitosan

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Chitosan and Xylo-oligosaccharides on broiler performance. A total of one hundred and sixty-five old-day birds were used in this study. The birds were randomly assigned into four treatments (13 chick/replicate). The control (T1) received a basal diet, T2 received (1 g/kg basal diet) Chitosan, T3 (1 g/kg basal diet) Xylo-oligosaccharides, and T4 mixed (0.5+0.5 g/kg chitosan and Xylo-oligosaccharides). The results showed that the supplementation of diets with chitosan, Xylo-oligosaccharides or mixed significantly increased body weight (g), body weight gain (g). On the other hand, birds treated with Chitosan and Xylo-oligosaccharides showed a significant difference in feed intake and FCR compared to the control treatment. We concluded that dietary supplementation of Chitosan and Xylo-oligosaccharides can improve broiler performance.
Contamination by Heavy Metals in the Sediments of Sirwan/Diyala River, Garmian Region

This research was conducted to evaluate the contamination of some heavy metals including (Cadmium, Cupper, Lead, Nickel, Zink, Cobalt and Chromium) in the sediments of Sirwan/Diyala River. Sampling was conducted in different sites within the river banks, and four indices/factors including ecological risk factor (ER), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), and geo-accumulation factor (Igeo) were used for this purpose. The result indicated that the concentrations of the observed metals were with the following order: Ni>Cr>Zn>Pb>Co>Cu>Cd. The values of enrichment factor were ranged from low of Co with a value of (EF = 1.12) to significant enrichment of Ni (EF = 9.13). However, the values of contamination factor indicated low contamination of sediments by Cu, Cd, Pb, Co and Zn with mean values of (0.74), (0.46), (0.49), (0.85) and (0.24) respectively, to significant contamination by Ni and Cr with mean values of (2.4) and (1) respectively. In terms of ecological risk factor, the average values of (Er) of all the observed elements were under low ecological risk category. The values of (Igeo) index for Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Co were under (unpolluted) category; while, Ni was under (unpolluted to moderate) category with a mean value of (0.61) and Cu fall under moderate category with a mean value of (1.04).
Provision of regulation service to power systems by energy storages based on a battery degradation cost model

Energy storage station (ESS) has been allowed to provide ancillary services in power markets in recent years. It is a high-quality resource for regulation services and can promote renewable energy consumption. Existing studies have yet to consider the battery degradation cost when using ESS to provide regulation service. This paper establishes a model to quantify the ESS’s degradation cost and proposes a market-clearing model integrated with such a cost to address this issue. The model is verified by case studies. Key factors affecting the revenue and performance of ESS providing regulation services are also analyzed.
Single phase induction motor with permanent magnet excitation

A permanent magnet excited single-phase induction motor (SIM) has a very simple mechanical structure. Its stator is similar to that of shaded-pole or single-phase synchronous motors. However, there are two rotors: a diametrically magnetized permanent magnet cylinder rotating freely that is mounted within a copper cup linked to the load. Field equations describing its stationary behavior are solved analytically for a simplified motor geometry. From these performance characteristics are calculated and compared with measurements. Guidelines for design optimizations are derived.
Effect of Planting Dates on Yield and Its Components for Five Genotypes of Coarse Wheat, Triticum durum Desf L.

The experiment was conducted in the field at the Warka extension to the Agricultural Extension Service Department in the Ministry of Agriculture for the winter season 2022-2021 (north of Muthanna ), With a view to understanding how efficiently five newly introduced genotypes of coarse wheat and determining the best ones for the region’s conditions under the influence of different planting dates, The experiment was applied using Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) and Split Plot Design, along with three replications. the four dates for sowing (1/11, 10/11, 20/11 and 30/11) occupied the main plates, while the genotypes (G1133, G65 and G1105 and G1229 and the approved variety for comparison, Bohooth-7, Divided Plots. The findings indicated that the first meeting D1 (1/11) outperformed the number of spikes and the weight of one thousand grains with averages of (334.7 spikes/m2 and 49.99g), while the second date D2 (10/11) was superior in terms of spike count and grain weight, with averages of (50.00 grains, spike-1. and 13.92 tons.ha-1), while the third date D3 (20/11) exceeded the harvest index by (34.57%), While genotype G65 achieved the highest biological yield of 13.00 tons.ha-1, and genotype G1229 achieved the highest average number of spikes, which amounted to 3493 spikes.m-2, and genotype G1133 gave having the most grains per spike, which amounted to 50.97 grains. Spike-1, while the genotype gave Genetic G1105 The highest weight of a thousand grains was 43.93 g.
Determining the Fertility Characteristics of Iraqi Local Chickens by Studying the Variance in the Characteristics of Semen

The Iraqi local chicken is national wealth, so it is necessary to work on increasing knowledge of its fertilization capabilities. The current research aims to identify the local breeds that have fertility characteristics by studying the variance in semen quality and comparing it with some characteristics of the semen of other local breeds. Replicates of white breeds W, Black B, and striped BW were adopted at 60 weeks of age. Semen values according to the characteristics of colour, the volume of semen, number and concentration of sperm, percentage of abnormalities, live and dead sperm, and individual and collective motility. Semen colour for all breeds was pearly white, and there had been no big differences in the characteristics of semen size, sperm count, concentration, individual and collective motility, and percentage of dead sperm. While, the white and striped breeds significantly outperformed the black breed (P≤0.05) in the proportion of stay sperms. Black breed significantly outperformed the rest of the study breeds in the percentage of sperm abnormalities, as it turned out that the study breeds had good fertility characteristics compared to other local breeds.
Effect of Overwintering Time on Survival Adults of Eurygaster testudinaria Geoffroy in Iraq

A field study was conducted to determine the effect of overwintering time on the survival adult of Eurygaster testudinaria Geoffroy in Kufa/Najaf Governorate during the season 2019-2020. The results showed there is a difference in the survival rate of females and males according to the time of laying sunn pest in the overwintering site. The results showed the lowest survival rate for adults was in the first and second treatment of placing insects in overwintering site, and the maximum survival period for adults was three months. while the highest survival rate for females and males was 100 and 98% on the fourth treatment after a month of placing insects in overwintering site respectively, then this percentage gradually decreased until reached 77 and 66% at the end of January, respectively. The results also showed that the weight of sunn pest adults differed according to the date of entry the insect into overwintering site. The highest percentage of weight loss for females and males was 2.3,3.94% and 2.26,2.08% in the first and second treatment in May after a month from Putting insects in overwintering site respectively. The lowest percentage of weight loss was0.2 and 0.21% on the fourth treatment after a month of treatment, then this percentage gradually increased reached 3.22% at the end of January for females and 4.36% in December for males.
Midwinter Suppression of the Pacific Storm Track Activity as Seen in Aircraft Observations

Abstract Unassimilated observational data, from the years 1979 to 1993, are analyzed and compared to the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data to confirm the magnitude of the seasonal cycle in Pacific storm track activity. Such a comparison is necessary since recent publications have indicated that the reanalysis data may contain biases and spurious jumps that may affect climate signals, and eddy variance/covariance statistics are particularly sensitive to model biases, as well as changes in data coverage and quality. High-pass-filtered variance in the 250-hPa meridional wind component is taken to be the indicator of upper-tropospheric storm track intensity. Rawinsonde observations located mainly over the land masses, and aircraft observations over the oceans, both display seasonal cycles very similar to that seen in the reanalysis data. Both the midwinter suppression in Pacific storm track activity, as well as the more recent finding that the Pacific storm track is significantly stronger during the late 1980s and ea.