Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Mixed Bacterial-viral Intestinal Infections in Children of Early Age

The aim of investigation to study the of some clinico-microbiological characterisrics of mixed intestinal infections in children of early age. Material and methods – the children under the age of 3 (infants and children), hospitalized in the Children’s Clinical Hospitals № 1 and 7 in Baku for the 2019 year have been examined. Bacteriological and serological studies were carried out to diagnose intestinal infections on the day of admission to hospital feces of sick children were take as material for analyses. Totally the 117 children have been observed. To convirm the diagnosis of bacterial intestinal infection feces were cultured with subsequent detection of sensitivity to antibiotics and for viral intestinal infection, immunochromatografic test was used. The bacteriological and serological investigations were arried out in the Scientific-Research Institute of Medical Prophylaxis named after V. Y. Akhundov during 2019 year. Results – As a result of our studies, 33,3% (39) of children had mixed infection: a combination of viruses, particularly rotaviruses with St.aureus, E.Coli and C.albicans. From observing children 25 were under 6 month (21,4%), 15 – 7-12 month (12,8%), 77 – 1-3 years (65,8%). The combination of rotaviruses with other viruses (adenovirus and astrovrus) were the most frequently observed ones (5,1±2,0% and 6,8±2,3% accordingly) (p=0,167; p=0,067). Among opportunistic microbes the S.albicans was a leader. (In 18 (15,4%) patients). C.albicans was with rotavirus (p=0,063), in 5 (4,3±1,9%) with St.aureus and rotavirus (p=0,118) and in 4 (3,4±1,7%) with rotavirus and E.Coli (p=0,056). The viral intestinal infection with 2 associates occured in 5 (4,3±1,9%) of patients – rotavirus + St.aureus + C.albicans and rotavirus + E.Coli + C.albicans (p=0,056).
A Roentgen-Ray Study in Absorption of Thorium Dioxide from Peritoneal Cavity of Albino Rat.∗

It has long been known that serous cavities have the capacity of absorbing certain injected substances, Cunningham 1 showed that, when a mixture of erythrocytes, large unfiltered carmine granules, and fine lampblack granules, made up in isotonic NaCl solution, was injected into the peritoneal cavity of animals, all 3 types of material reached the anterior mediastinal glands shortly after injection. His results indicate that most, if not all, of the transfer of granular material from the peritoneal cavity into the diaphragmatic lymphatics, during the first 30 minutes, takes place by means of a type of phagocytosis. His important findings give a clearer understanding of the high phagocytic capability of the lymphatic endothelial cells to remove large amounts of particulate matter from the peritoneal cavity. The diaphragm is rich in lymphatics and its lymphatic vessels anastomose with the lymphatic vessels of the pleura and the peritoneum, which, in turn, connects with the right and left lymphatic ducts. The thoracic duct, terminating in the internal jugular vein, conveys the great mass of lymph and chyle into the blood. It is the common trunk of all lymphatic vessels below the diaphragm. The right lymphatic duct receives lymph from the right upper extremity, the right thorax, right lung, right side of the heart, and from parts of the convex surface of the liver. It opens into the junction of the internal jugular and the subclavian veins separately. Absorption in this region is extremely rapid due to this network of lymphatics. The practical application of this knowledge is found in the Fowler position, whereby, upon elevating the head of the bed after operation for abdominal infection, the infected material is permitted to gravitate toward the pelvic peritoneum.
A comparative study on dielectric properties of PVDF/GO nanosheets encapsulated with different organic insulating shell

ABSTRACT To suppress the high dielectric loss of graphene oxide (GO)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) while still maintaining a high dielectric constant (k) near the filler percolation threshold, herein, GO nanosheets coated with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), poly(dopamine) (PDA) and tannic and Fe coordination complexes (TA-Fe), respectively, were incorporated into PVDF to investigate the effects of the three kinds of insulating interlayers on the dielectric properties of the nanocomposites. The results indicate that compared with pristine GO, all surface modified GO exhibit homogeneous dispersion in the matrix owing to the enhanced interface between fillers and matrix, and that the dielectric loss of the nanocomposites are significantly suppressed to rather low levels thanks to the presence of various insulating interlayers between GO nanosheets, which prevent them from direct contact, thereby remarkably reducing the leakage current and conductivity. Moreover, Activation energies for the pristine and modified GO/PVDF nanocomposites are calculated, respectively, and the introduction of insulating interlayers significantly reduces the relaxation activation energy of the nanocomposites.
FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF A THIRD COMPONENT USED IN TERNARY SOLID DISPERSION: A REVIEW

Ternary solid dispersion (TSD) is one of the promising approaches used in recent studies to address the issues encountered by poorly water-soluble drugs. The binary solid dispersion (BSD) with the drug and the single polymer is not sufficient to satisfy all the criteria such as improved solubility, dissolution, stability, supersaturation, and recrystallization inhibition. Hence, the TSD with the third component/ternary agent aids in overcoming the limitations, thereby enhancing the solubility and bioavailability to a greater extent when compared to the BSD. Excipients that can be used as a third component includes surfactants, pH modulator, polymer and adsorbents. All these excipients have distinct benefits in improving the efficiency of the final dosage form. However, care must be taken in selecting suitable excipients for the research. This review highlights the impact of these excipients in improving the formulation complications and the therapeutic potential of the TSD.
How are we to Represent Abstract Information in 'Realistic' 3D Environments?

In his famous speech, Gore (1998) described a vision of the "digital earth" as an access point for all georeferenced data and information. The availability and use of desktop Virtual Reality environments or 'geo-browsers' such as Google Earth (Google 2006) or NASA's World Wind (NASA 2006) make this metaphor a reality. Up to 80% of all data have a spatial component and this spatiality is no longer a hidden quality users across the globe are able to display and query a whole range of information through a common spatial framework and accessible ‘front-end’ that uses the 3D earth as interface metaphor.
Ultrafast Dynamics of Femtosecond Laser-Induced Shape Transformation of Silver Nanoparticles Embedded in Glass

Metallic nanoparticles in a dielectric matrix can be transformed from spherical to nonspherical shapes by irradiation with intense femtosecond laser pulses. In particular, it has been previously shown that several hundred linearly polarized pulses can successively transform initially spherical Ag nanoparticles in glass into prolate spheroids with symmetry axes along the laser polarization. Using pulses of ∼150 fs duration at a wavelength of 400 nm, which is close to the surface plasmon resonance of the nanoparticles, this process works well for peak intensities in the range of ∼0.5 to 1.5 TW/cm2. We have now studied the ultrafast dynamics of this reshaping process in situ for each individual laser shot by help of an optimized femtosecond pump–supercontinuum probe setup. This unique setup allows us to trace the transient spectral changes up to ∼1 ns after each pulse as well as the step-by-step evolution of the persisting changes of the extinction spectrum in the focal volume. The results of our investigati.
Integrated Retinal Amyloid Burden With Retinal Venular Tortuosity Predicts Verbal Memory Impairment

INTRODUCTION: Retinal imaging is a non-invasive tool to study retinal vasculature and neurodegeneration. Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related cognitive disorder exhibit both retinal vascular abnormalities and intraretinal accumulation of amyloid beta-protein (Aβ) plaque. Curcumin-enhanced retinal fluorescence imaging (CRFI) was recently translated as a safe imaging tool for retinal Aβ plaque quantification, holding promise as an early-stage pathological biomarker of AD. In this exploratory study, we sought to determine whether retinal vascular features combined with retinal amyloid burden correlate with the neurocognitive status.METHODS: We used scanning laser ophthalmoscopy to assess quantitative CRFI in a cohort of patients with cognitive impairment that underwent standard neuropsychological testing. Retinal blood vessels were segmented in a predefined circumpapillary region of interest. For each centerline, vessel tortuosity index, vessel inflection index and branching angle was quantified. Additionally, we automatically quantified retinal amyloid count in the supero-temporal quadrant and its subregions: posterior pole, proximal mid-periphery, and distal mid-periphery. Investigators performing quantifications were blinded to the subjects’ clinical characteristics. Linear regression models were used to assess the correlations between retinal vascular and amyloid parameters and cognitive domain Z-scores.RESULTS: In this pilot study, 34 subjects underwent automated retinal amyloid imaging and 29 subjects (55% female, mean age 64±6 years) had the combined retinal amyloid and peripapillary vascular analysis. Eleven subjects had normal cognition, 15 MCI, 2 probable AD and 1 non-AD dementia. CRFI was increased in individuals with impaired versus normal cognitive function (p 0.0012). Venous VTI was the most significant vascular parameter that differ across levels of CDR. Branching angle correlated with amyloid count in the distal mid-periphery (p=0.03), whereas vessel inflexion index correlated with posterior pole amyloid count (p=0.02). The combined proximal mid-periphery amyloid count – venous tortuosity index was found to exhibit highly significant group differences between cognitively impaired and cognitively normal subjects (0.49 ± 1.1 vs 0.91 ± 1.4, p=0.006). The combined proximal mid-periphery amyloid-venous tortuosity index also correlated with verbal memory (Wechsler Memory Scale-IV; p=0.001) and cognitive-related quality of life (SF-36 mental component score Z-scores; p=0.039). CONCLUSION: Retinal venular tortuosity discriminates across cognitive scores and in combination with proximal mid-periphery amyloid count predicts verbal memory and cognitive-related quality-of-life. Future research is needed to confirm the clinical utility of this integrated retinal imaging-based methodology.
Penetrance of Breast Cancer Susceptibility Genes From the eMERGE III Network

Abstract Background Unbiased estimates of penetrance are challenging but critically important to make informed choices about strategies for risk management through increased surveillance and risk-reducing interventions. Methods We studied the penetrance and clinical outcomes of 7 breast cancer susceptibility genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, CHEK2, ATM, PALB2, and PTEN) in almost 13 458 participants unselected for personal or family history of breast cancer. We identified 242 female participants with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 1 of the 7 genes for penetrance analyses, and 147 women did not previously know their genetic results. Results Out of the 147 women, 32 women were diagnosed with breast cancer at an average age of 52.8 years. Estimated penetrance by age 60 years ranged from 17.8% to 43.8%, depending on the gene. In clinical-impact analysis, 42.3% (95% confidence interval = 31.3% to 53.3%) of women had taken actions related to their genetic results, and 2 new breast cancer cases were identified within the first 12 months after genetic results disclosure. Conclusions Our study provides population-based penetrance estimates for the understudied genes CHEK2, ATM, and PALB2 and highlights the importance of using unselected populations for penetrance studies. It also demonstrates the potential clinical impact of genetic testing to improve health care through early diagnosis and preventative screening.
The functional role and diversity of soil nematodes are stronger at high elevation in the lesser Himalayan Mountain ranges

Abstract Soil nematodes are a foremost component of terrestrial biodiversity; they display a whole gamut of trophic guilds and life strategies, and by their activity, affect major ecosystem process, such as organic matter degradation and carbon cycling. Based on nematodes' functional types, nematode community indices have been developed, and can be used to link variation in nematodes community composition and ecosystem processes. Yet, the use of these indices has been mainly restricted to anthropogenic stresses. In this study, we propose to expand the use of nematodes' derived ecological indices to link soil and climate properties with soil food webs, and ecosystem processes that all vary along steep elevation gradients. For this purpose, we explored how elevation affects the trophic and functional diversity of nematode communities sampled every 300 m, from about 1,000 m to 3,700 m above sea level, across four transects in the lesser Himalayan range of Jammu and Kashmir. We found that (a) the trophic and functional diversity of nematodes increases with elevation; (b) differences in nematodes communities generate habitat‐specific functional diversity; (c) the maturity index (ΣMI) increases with elevation, while the enrichment index decreases, indicating less mature and less productive ecosystems, enhanced fungal‐based energy flow, and a predominant role of nematodes in generating carbon influxes at high‐elevation sites. We thus confirm that the functional contribution of soil nematodes to belowground ecosystem processes, including carbon and energy flow, is stronger at high elevation. Overall, this study highlights the central importance of nematodes in sustaining soil ecosystems and brings insights into their functional role, particularly in alpine and arctic soils.
Clustered IPOs as a Commitment Device

I model the strategic interaction of underwriters' decisions of accepting IPO mandates of firms with correlated values. Underwriters act as certifiers and increase the perceived value of issuing firms. Investors, however, take the agency conflict associated with the fee-paying structure of IPOs into account and discount the offer price accordingly. By timely clustering of related IPOs across different underwriters, investment banks expose themselves to the outcome of other concurrent IPOs which results in a mutual disciplining effect. In this way, underwriters can credibly commit themselves to the marketing of high-value firms only. The model suggests that underpricing levels might be a function of underwriter syndicate composition and provides an agency based rationale for the observed cyclicality in IPOs.
Adapted functional training versus Mat Pilates in motor and non-motor symptoms of individuals with Parkinson's disease: study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial Functional training versus Mat Pilates in Parkinson's disease

Background: Motor and non-motor symptoms affect the life of those living with Parkinson's disease, and it is clear that exercise offers benefits in these aspects. However, the effects of adapted functional training interventions and the Mat Pilates as a form of rehabilitation for the disease in question have not yet been established. Thus, this study aims to propose an adapted functional training protocol and Mat Pilates for individuals with Parkinson's disease and to evaluate the effects on motor symptoms (balance, cardiorespiratory fitness, lower and upper limb strength, flexibility and agility), as well as , in non-motor symptoms (cognition, depressive symptoms, mood state, anxiety and finitude) by means of a randomized controlled trial. Methods: Protocol for a randomized clinical trial in which 45 individuals with Parkinson's disease will be recruited and randomly allocated to one of three groups: (1) functional training; (2) Mat Pilates; (3) control group. Both intervention groups will have 60-minute classes twice a week for 12 weeks. The primary outcome will be analyzed by balancing with the Mini-BESTest test. Secondary outcomes will include cognition, aging perspective, mood, anxiety, depression, mobility, muscle strength, handgrip strength, flexibility, range of motion, and cardiorespiratory fitness. The evaluations will be performed in the pre-intervention period (baseline), after 12 weeks of intervention, after 3 months, 6 months and 1 year of intervention. Discussion: This will be the first randomized trial to compare the effects of functional training and Mat Pilates in a population with Parkinson's disease. It is hypothesized that improvements in motor and non-motor symptoms will be greater and more lasting after functional training and Mat Pilates interventions than those that maintain their routine activities, given the benefits of exercise and the unprecedented protocols in this disease.Trial registrationRegistry name: Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC)Registration number: RBR-6ckggnDate of registration: September 29, 2020. Trial was prospectively registered
Phylogenetic relatedness drives protist assembly in marine and terrestrial environments

Aim: Assembly of protist communities is known to be driven mainly by environmental filtering, but the imprint of phylogenetic relatedness is unknown. In this study, we aimed to test the degree to which co- occurrences and co- exclusions of protists in different phylogenetic relatedness classes deviate from random expectation in two ecosystems, in order to link them to ecological processes. Location: Methods: Protist metabarcoding data originated from two large- scale studies. Co-occurrence and co- exclusion networks were constructed using a recent method combining a null distribution model with Spearman's rank correlation coefficients among pairs of operational taxonomic units. Phylogenetic relatedness was estimated using either global pairwise sequence distance or phylogenetic distance inferred from best maximum- likelihood trees derived from multiple alignments of operational taxonomic unit representative sequences. The significance of observed patterns relating networks and phylogenies was evaluated by distance classes against two null models, in which either the tips of the phylogenetic trees or the network edges were randomized. Results: Closely related protists co- occurred more often than expected by chance in all datasets, but also co- excluded less often than expected by chance in the marine dataset only. Concurrent excesses of co- occurrences and co- exclusions were observed at intermediate phylogenetic distances in the marine dataset.
Surface Chemistry of CO on Ru(0001) under the Confinement of Graphene Cover

In heterogeneous catalysis, graphitic carbon formed on metal often poisons metal-catalyzed reactions through physical blockage of surface active sites. In materials science, recent works show that graphene overlayers can passivate metal surfaces acting as gas-impermeable protection coatings. However, here we show using in situ surface electron microscopy and photoemission spectroscopy that CO can be readily trapped inside the two-dimensional space between the graphene overlayer and Ru(0001) surface under near-ambient conditions. The intercalated CO molecules effectively decouple the graphene overlayer from the Ru substrate. Meanwhile, the graphene cover exerts a strong confinement effect on the surface chemistry of CO on Ru(0001), showing that a high-coverage CO adlayer can be kept at the graphene/Ru interface at room temperature which desorbs intensively and completely around 390 K. This finding challenges the traditional concept of graphene films as passivation layers, indicating that the surface graphi.
Hyaluronic Acid Derivatives for Targeted Cancer Therapy

Targeted therapeutics are considered next generation cancer therapy because they overcome many limitations of traditional chemotherapy. Cancerous cells may be targeted by various hyaluronic acid modified nanovehicles that kill these cells. Particularly, hyaluronic acid and its derivatives bind with high affinity to cell surface protein, CD44 enriched tumor cells. Moreover, these molecules have the added advantage of being biocompatible and biodegradable, and may be conjugated with a variety of drugs and drug carriers for developing various formulations as anti-cancer therapies such as nanogels, self-assembled and metallic nanoparticulates. In this chapter, we have covered various aspects of hyaluronic acid-modified delivery systems including strategies for synthesis, characterization, and biocompatibility. Next, the use of hyaluronic acid-modified systems as anti-cancer therapies is discussed. Finally, the delivery of small molecules, and other pharmaceutical agents are also elaborated in this chapter.
An Automatic 3D Point Cloud Registration Method Based on Biological Vision

When measuring surface deformation, because the overlap of point clouds before and after deformation is small and the accuracy of the initial value of point cloud registration cannot be guaranteed, traditional point cloud registration methods cannot be applied. In order to solve this problem, a complete solution is proposed, first, by fixing at least three cones to the target. Then, through cone vertices, initial values of the transformation matrix can be calculated. On the basis of this, the point cloud registration can be performed accurately through the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm using the neighboring point clouds of cone vertices. To improve the automation of this solution, an accurate and automatic point cloud registration method based on biological vision is proposed. First, the three-dimensional (3D) coordinates of cone vertices are obtained through multi-view observation, feature detection, data fusion, and shape fitting. In shape fitting, a closed-form solution of cone vertices is derived on the basis of the quadratic form. Second, a random strategy is designed to calculate the initial values of the transformation matrix between two point clouds. Then, combined with ICP, point cloud registration is realized automatically and precisely. The simulation results showed that, when the intensity of Gaussian noise ranged from 0 to 1 mr (where mr denotes the average mesh resolution of the models), the rotation and translation errors of point cloud registration were less than 0.1° and 1 mr, respectively. Lastly, a camera-projector system to dynamically measure the surface deformation during ablation tests in an arc-heated wind tunnel was developed, and the experimental results showed that the measuring precision for surface deformation exceeded 0.05 mm when surface deformation was smaller than 4 mm.
Water Structure at the Buried Silica/Aqueous Interface Studied by Heterodyne-Detected Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation

Complex χ(2) spectra of buried silica/isotopically diluted water (HOD-D2O) interfaces were measured using multiplex heterodyne-detected vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy to elucidate the hydrogen bond structure and up/down orientation of water at the silica/water interface at different pHs. The data show that vibrational coupling (inter- and/or intramolecular coupling) plays a significant role in determining the χ(2) spectral feature of silica/H2O interfaces and indicate that the doublet feature in the H2O spectra does not represent two distinct water structures (i.e., the ice- and liquid-like structures) at the silica/water interface. The observed pH dependence of the imaginary χ(2) spectra is explained by (1) H-up oriented water donating a hydrogen bond to the oxygen atom of silanolate, which is accompanied by H-up water oriented by the electric field created by the negative charge of silanolate, (2) H-up oriented water which donates a hydrogen bond to the neutral silanol oxygen, and (3).