Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MONETARY ANTI-CRISIS MEASURES IN THE CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW IN UKRAINE

With the invasion of russian troops on the territory of Ukraine, the NBU faced the task of preventing the depreciation of the national currency, avoiding panic, and ensuring the stability of the banking system. This was achieved, in particular, due to anti-crisis monetary measures. The regulator was promptly making the necessary decisions, the review of which and the assessment of their effectiveness in the paradigm of the economy of war this study is devoted to. The set of tools of anti-crisis monetary management, prerequisites, factors and features of their application in the conditions of a full-scale military invasion are reviewed. A comparative-dynamic analysis of the main monetary indicators was conducted, which showed their manageability and relative stability. It’s proved that the main inflationary trend in Ukraine is characterized by uncertainty, formed under the influence of non-monetary factors of a subjective nature, which are outside the influence of monetary policy. These and other non-market factors provoked a reduction in international reserves and instability in the foreign exchange market. NBU reacted by introducing pre-emptive currency restrictions. It was determined that in order to avoid panic in the foreign exchange market, the NBU made such important and prompt decisions as fixing the exchange rate, introducing the necessary restrictions on the purchase of foreign currency and cross-border currency transactions, restricting withdrawal of funds from foreign currency accounts, providing the possibility of exchanging cash hryvnias abroad. To avoid uncontrolled devaluation and capital outflow, the NBU supported the foreign exchange market with interventions. Anti-crisis measures aimed at maintaining the liquidity of the banking system were analysed, including operations with certificates of deposit and government bonds, which in the conditions of martial law don't always achieve the goals of ensuring financial stability. These and other measures helped the regulator maintain the banking system's overall stability and uninterrupted operation.
Bibliometric Study: scientific articles from the Technology Acceptance Model

Bibliometric study of articles on technology acceptance from Elsevier's specialized Scopus database. The productivity of documents is measured by year, author, affiliation, country, area of knowledge and sponsor a network map analysis with the VOSviewer software, the productivity of documents per year shows an increase of 2006, the highest productivity is found by the authors: Amornkitpinyo, T. , Venkatesh, V. , Chiu, W. , Sun, Y. y Wang, N. ; highest document productivity by affiliation Universiti Teknologi MARA, Universiti Sains Malaysia and University of Arkansas, the productivity of more documents by country United States, China, Taiwan and Malaysia, the highest document productivity by funding sponsor is National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Science and Innovation and Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, according to the visualization of the network map, the terms innovation and competitiveness have a high co-occurrence with an approximation of terms such as ““technology, acceptance”, “consumer” and the term “risk”” are strongly linked to investigate these relationships.
Open Access Research Article Comparison of Risk Behaviors and Socio-cultural Profile of Men Who Have Sex with Men Survey Respondents Recruited via Venues and the Internet

Background: Increasingly more men who have sex with men (MSM) are using the internet to seek sex partners, and many HIV-related studies targeting MSM collect data from gay venues in order to inform the design of prevention programs. However, internet-based MSM may have different HIV risk behaviors and associated factors from those attending venues. This study examined differences in risk behaviors and socio-cultural profiles between MSM recruited from venues (e.g., gay bars/saunas) and from the internet respectively. Methods: An anonymous cross-sectional survey was conducted. A total of 566 Chinese MSM (340 recruited from gay-venues and 226 recruited from the internet) who self-reported having had anal or oral sex with another man in the last 12 months completed a structured questionnaire. Results: Internet-based MSM were more likely than venue-based MSM to have engaged in unprotected anal intercourse (53.3% vs. 33.8%) or commercial sex (as clients: 12.8% vs. 5.3%; as sex workers: 6.2% vs. 1.5%), to have sought MSM partners from the internet (51.3% vs. 20.9%), and to have contracted sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in the last 12 months (4.4% vs. 0.3%). On the other hand, internet-based MSM were less likely to have multiple sex partners (58.4% vs. 75.6%) and to have used psychoactive substances (7.1% vs. 15.6%) or drunk alcohol before sex (8.8% vs. 16.2%). Moreover, internet-based MSM reported poor acceptance of their own sexual orientation, felt more discriminated against, and received less social support than venue-recruited MSM. Conclusions: Significant differences were observed between the two groups of MSM. Segmentation and targeted interventions are recommended when designing preventive interventions. Background The prevalence of HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) has been increasing in different parts of the world [1-5]. Although venue-based sampling has frequently been used in studies targeting MSM [6-9], the internet is becoming a potentially useful and cost-effective option [10-13]. Internet-recruited MSM, as compared to venue-based MSM, were in general more likely to report different socio-demographic profiles and higher levels of risk behaviors such as unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) [14,15], though mixed results have been reported [14-16]. Most studies investigating risk factors
[Randomized clinical trial investigating three chemoprophylaxis regimens for latent tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected patients].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the adherence to, and safety of three chemoprophylaxis regimens for latent tuberculosis (TB) infection in HIV-infected patients with a positive tuberculin skin test. PATIENTS AND METHODS A randomized, comparative, open clinical assay was carried out in 316 HIV-infected patients in 12 Spanish hospitals. Patients were randomly assigned to one of three regimens, 108 to isoniazid for six months (6H), 103 to rifampin and isoniazid for three months (3RH), and 105 to rifampin and pyrazinamide for two months (2RZ). After completion of treatment, patients were followed-up for two years. RESULTS The period of observation following completion of treatment was 115, 108 and 101 person-years for 6H, 3RH and 2RZ, respectively. Twenty-seven percent of patients voluntarily abandoned chemoprophylaxis and 9.7% were withdrawn due to adverse side-effects or interactions. Seven patients were withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity (5 in 6H, 2 in 3RH and 0 in 2RZ). No appreciable differences were found among the three regimens. There were 11 cases of tuberculosis during follow-up. The TB rates (cases per 100 person-years) in the three treatment groups were 3.48 in 6H, 4.63 in 3RH and 1.98 in 2RZ. With respect to 2RZ, the relative risk for TB in the 6H and 3RH regimens was 1.76 and 2.34, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The safety of the 2RZ regimen for prophylaxis of latent TB infection in HIV patients was similar to that of the 6H and 3RH regimens. The incidence of hepatotoxicity was not higher in patients who received 2RZ.
Perceptions of anal sex in rural South Africa

As part of the Microbicides Development Programme, we conducted formative research to explore perceptions of anal sex at a site in rural KwaZulu‐Natal. We were interested in the practice of anal sex because of its potential role in HIV transmission. Eleven focus group discussions were conducted with men and women from rural areas and in a semi‐urban township. Participants were asked about their knowledge of and attitudes towards anal sex, and its practice in the local population. Findings indicate that in discussion anal sex was confused with other non‐traditional sexual practices like vaginal sex ‘dog‐style’ and with oral sex. Discussion of anal sex among those who had heard about it linked it to socially marginal groups and asymmetrical power relations.
Brucella ceti and Brucellosis in Cetaceans

Since the first case of brucellosis detected in a dolphin aborted fetus, an increasing number of Brucella ceti isolates has been reported in members of the two suborders of cetaceans: Mysticeti and Odontoceti. Serological surveys have shown that cetacean brucellosis may be distributed worldwide in the oceans. Although all B. ceti isolates have been included within the same species, three different groups have been recognized according to their preferred host, bacteriological properties, and distinct genetic traits: B. ceti dolphin type, B. ceti porpoise type, and B. ceti human type. It seems that B. ceti porpoise type is more closely related to B. ceti human isolates and B. pinnipedialis group, while B. ceti dolphin type seems ancestral to them. Based on comparative phylogenetic analysis, it is feasible that the B. ceti ancestor radiated in a terrestrial artiodactyl host close to the Raoellidae family about 58 million years ago. The more likely mode of transmission of B. ceti seems to be through sexual intercourse, maternal feeding, aborted fetuses, placental tissues, vertical transmission from mother to the fetus or through fish or helminth reservoirs. The B. ceti dolphin and porpoise types seem to display variable virulence in land animal models and low infectivity for humans. However, brucellosis in some dolphins and porpoises has been demonstrated to be a severe chronic disease, displaying significant clinical and pathological signs related to abortions, male infertility, neurobrucellosis, cardiopathies, bone and skin lesions, strandings, and death.
Secular Trends in Prescription Patterns of Single-Pill Combinations of an Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Plus a Thiazide Diuretic for Hypertensive Patients in Taiwan.

BACKGROUND Poor adherence to recommended drug regimens is one of the fundamental issues behind suboptimal control rates of hypertension worldwide. Single-pill combinations (SPCs) improve patient adherence, decrease cost, and are increasingly prescribed in the Western societies. We conducted this study to elucidate the prescription patterns and the secular trends of SPCs in Taiwan. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the reimbursement database of Taiwan's National Health Insurance from 2002 to 2007. Among the one million-person random samples, information from those coded with ICD-9 401-405 and antihypertensive prescriptions was obtained. RESULTS From 2002 to 2007, there had been amore than 7.5-fold increase in annual prescription frequency of SPCs of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) plus a thiazide diuretic (from 1.1% to 8.5%, p < 0.001) among 302,628 hypertensive patients. Likewise, among patients treated with at least ACEIs or ARBs and diuretics, the relative proportion of SPC use, in contrast to free combinations, increased markedly (from 10.8% to 54.2%, p = 0.005). Incorporating patient antihypertensive treatment prior to SPCs prescription,we categorized the SPC prescription patterns into 3 groups: naïve, switch, and add-on. The increase in patients taking SPCs came mostly from the naïve SPC prescription group (from 2.3% in 2002 to 28.8% in 2007 among all patients treated with ACEIs or ARBs and thiazide diuretics, p = 0.003). Compared to both naïve and add-on SPC users, patients in the switch group had a greater pill burden and more comorbidities, whichmight drive physicians to switch from free combinations to SPCs. CONCLUSIONS Single-pill combinations are well-accepted and increasingly prescribed in Taiwan, particularly in drug-naïve hypertensive patients. This finding might indicate an aggressive attitude towards early hypertension control among physicians in Taiwan. KEY WORDS Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; Angiotensin receptor blocker; Diuretic; Hypertension; Single-pill combinations.
Functional Monoecy Due to Delayed Anther Dehiscence: A Novel Mechanism in Pseuduvaria mulgraveana (Annonaceae)

Unlike most genera in the early-divergent angiosperm family Annonaceae, Pseuduvaria exhibits a diversity of floral sex expression. Most species are structurally andromonoecious (or possibly androdioecious), although the hermaphroditic flowers have been inferred to be functionally pistillate, with sterile staminodes. Pseuduvaria presents an ideal model for investigating the evolution of floral sex in early-divergent angiosperms, although detailed empirical studies are currently lacking. The phenology and pollination ecology of the Australian endemic species Pseuduvaria mulgraveana are studied in detail, including evaluations of floral scent chemistry, pollen viability, and floral visitors. Results showed that the flowers are pollinated by small diurnal nitidulid beetles and are protogynous. Pollen from both hermaphroditic and staminate flowers are shown to be equally viable. The structurally hermaphroditic flowers are nevertheless functionally pistillate as anther dehiscence is delayed until after petal abscission and hence after the departure of pollinators. This mechanism to achieve functional unisexuality of flowers has not previously been reported in angiosperms. It is known that protogyny is widespread amongst early-divergent angiosperms, including the Annonaceae, and is effective in preventing autogamy. Delayed anther dehiscence represents a further elaboration of this, and is effective in preventing geitonogamy since very few sexually mature flowers occur simultaneously in an individual. We highlight the necessity for field-based empirical interpretations of functional floral sex expression prior to evaluations of evolutionary processes.
Expression of the Inherently Autoreactive Idiotope 9G4 on Autoantibodies to Citrullinated Peptides and on Rheumatoid Factors in Patients with Early and Established Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background The pre-symptomatic stage of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines and autoantibodies. High levels and epitope spread by Rheumatoid factors (RhF) and autoantibodies to citrullinated proteins signify progression towards disease expression. In established RA, the persistence of high autoantibody levels reflects production by both long-lived plasma cells and short-lived plasmablasts. Neither the relative contributions to pathogenesis by autoantibodies from either source, nor the factors responsible for deciding the fate of autoantigen specific ‘parent’ B-cells, is understood. Phenotypic markers identifying subsets of autoreactive B-cells are therefore of interest in understanding the origin and perpetuation of the autoimmune response in RA. One such phenotypic marker is the rat monoclonal antibody, 9G4, which recognises an idiotope on immunoglobuins derived from the inherently autoreactive VH-gene, VH4-34. We therefore investigated whether the 9G4 idiotope was expressed on autoantibodies in patients with RA. Methodology/Principal Findings Sera from 19 patients with established RA and those with <1year history of untreated polyarthritis either resolving into RA (n = 42) or non-RA diagnosis (n = 31) were included. Autoantibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides (CCP), RhF and co-expression of the 9G4 idiotope were measured by ELISA. 9G4 recognised a population of anti-CCP antibodies in the majority of sera from patients with established disease and also in samples from patients with early disaese. 9G4+RhF levels were generally lower and not associated with positivity for, or levels of 9G4+CCP. Conclusions/Significance The persistence of 9G4+ immunoglobulins, of any isotype, in serum is rare. We describe here the novel finding of 9G4 expression on anti-CCP antibodies in patients from the earliest symptoms of RA through to established disease. Our results suggest that 9G4 expression on anti-CCP autoantibodies was not due to polyclonal expansion of VH4-34-encoded immunoglobulins. These studies may therefore provide a new focus for investigation into the evolution of the autoimmune response in RA patients.
TRAF1-C5 as a risk locus for rheumatoid arthritis--a genomewide study.

BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis has a complex mode of inheritance. Although HLA-DRB1 and PTPN22 are well-established susceptibility loci, other genes that confer a modest level of risk have been identified recently. We carried out a genomewide association analysis to identify additional genetic loci associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS We genotyped 317,503 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a combined case-control study of 1522 case subjects with rheumatoid arthritis and 1850 matched control subjects. The patients were seropositive for autoantibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP). We obtained samples from two data sets, the North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium (NARAC) and the Swedish Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (EIRA). Results from NARAC and EIRA for 297,086 SNPs that passed quality-control filters were combined with the use of Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel stratified analysis. SNPs showing a significant association with disease (P<1x10(-8)) were genotyped in an independent set of case subjects with anti-CCP-positive rheumatoid arthritis (485 from NARAC and 512 from EIRA) and in control subjects (1282 from NARAC and 495 from EIRA). RESULTS We observed associations between disease and variants in the major-histocompatibility-complex locus, in PTPN22, and in a SNP (rs3761847) on chromosome 9 for all samples tested, the latter with an odds ratio of 1.32 (95% confidence interval, 1.23 to 1.42; P=4x10(-14)). The SNP is in linkage disequilibrium with two genes relevant to chronic inflammation: TRAF1 (encoding tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1) and C5 (encoding complement component 5). CONCLUSIONS A common genetic variant at the TRAF1-C5 locus on chromosome 9 is associated with an increased risk of anti-CCP-positive rheumatoid arthritis.
Independent and Interdependent Conceptions of Self: An Investigation of Age, Gender, and Culture Differences in Importance and Satisfaction Ratings

Measures of the importance of and self-satisfaction with the independent and interdependent self were used to test age, gender, and culture differences in the nature of self-conception. The participants were 903 first or second-year college undergraduates and 936 middle-class adults from four countries differing markedly in religious, political, and cultural dimensions: Hong Kong, Iran, Russia, and the United States. In both college and adult samples from all four countries, the Interdependent self was rated more important and a greater source of satisfaction than the Independent self. Analyses of variance indicated substantial main effects for age Cross-Cultural Research, Vol. 34 No. 2, May 2000 113-134 and country but a very modest gender effect. However, the interaction effects were also substantial. The data were interpreted as casting doubt on explanations of the nature of self-conception in terms of a single cultural dimension, such as Individualism-Collectivism or gender. The danger of generalizing about a country from a single group, such as college students, was also evident, as within-country differences were consistently found for the adult and student samples.
September 11, the Media, and War Fever

In the followinganalysis, I want to suggest how the images and discourses of the U.S. television networks framed the September 11 terrorist attacks to whip up war hysteria while failing to provide a coherent account of what happened, why it happened, and what would count as responsible responses. In an analysis of the dominant discourses, frames, and representations that informed the media and public debate in the days following the September 11 terrorist attacks, I will show how the mainstream media privileged the “clash of civilizations” model, established a binary dualism between Islamic terrorism and civilization, and largely circulated war fever and retaliatory feelings and discourses that called for and supported a form of military intervention. I argue that such one-dimensional militarism could arguably make the current crisis worse rather than providing solutions to the problem of global terrorism. Thus, while the media in a democracy should critically debate urgent questions facing the nation, in the terror crisis the mainstream U. S. corporate media, especially television, promoted war fever and military solutions to the problem of global terrorism. On the day of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, the networks brought out an array of national security state intellectuals, usually ranging from the right to the far right, to explain the horrific events of September 11. The Fox Network presented former UN ambassador and Reagan administration apologist Jeane Kirkpatrick, who rolled out a simplified version of Samuel Huntington’s clash of civilizations, arguing that we were at war with Islam and should defend the West. Kirkpatrick was the most discredited intellectual of her generation, legitimating Reagan administration alliances with unsavory fascists and terrorists as necessary to beat Soviet totalitarianism. Her 1980s propaganda line was premised on a distinction between fascism and communist totalitarianism that argued that alliances with authoritarian or right-wing terrorist and
Antibodies against citrullinated vimentin in rheumatoid arthritis: higher sensitivity and extended prognostic value concerning future radiographic progression as compared with antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides.

OBJECTIVE The Sa autoantigen can be found in inflamed synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and at least part of the humoral RA-specific anti-Sa response is directed against citrullinated vimentin. This study was undertaken to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and prognostic value of determination of levels of antibodies against modified citrullinated vimentin (anti-MCV) as compared with antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP) in an inception cohort of patients with early RA. METHODS Clinical data, radiographs, and measurements of levels of anti-MCV and anti-CCP antibodies were obtained in 273 patients with early RA at baseline, after 3 months, and after 1, 2, 3, and 5 years. Autoantibodies were also analyzed in 100 healthy controls. RESULTS Of the 273 patients, 193 (70.7%) were anti-MCV positive and 158 (57.9%) were anti-CCP positive at the time of diagnosis, with nearly equal specificities (95% and 96%, respectively). Forty (14.7%) were anti-MCV positive only, and 5 (1.8%) were anti-CCP positive only. Anti-MCV-positive and anti-MCV-negative patients had similar disease activity at baseline, but presence of anti-MCV was predictive of subsequent high disease activity and continued radiographic progression. Changes in anti-MCV level showed stronger correlation with changes in clinical parameters than did changes in anti-CCP level. The subgroup of patients who were anti-MCV positive and anti-CCP negative showed a higher rate of radiographic destruction than did patients who were negative for both anti-MCV and anti-CCP. CONCLUSION These findings show that when patients with early RA are compared with healthy controls, analysis of anti-MCV yields greater sensitivity and unchanged specificity as compared with analysis of anti-CCP. Anti-MCV also appears to perform better than anti-CCP in identifying poor radiographic prognosis in patients with early RA.