Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct- and resolved-photon threshold resummation for polarized high- pT hadron production at COMPASS

We complete our earlier study of the "direct" part of the cross section and spin asymmetry for the photoproduction process gamma N -> hX by analyzing the "resolved" contribution, for which the photon couples like a hadron through its parton structure. The incident photon and nucleon are longitudinally polarized and one observes a hadron h at high transverse momentum pT. Soft or collinear gluon emissions generate large logarithmic threshold corrections which we resum to next-to-leading logarithmic order. We compare our results with recent spin asymmetry data by the COMPASS Collaboration, highlighting the role of the fragmentation functions.
On the nature of quantum gravity.

It was recently advanced the argument that Unruh effect emerges from the study of quantum field theory in quantum space-time. Quantum space-time is identified with the Hilbert space of a new kind of quantum fields, the accelerated fields, which are defined in momentum space. In this work, we argue that the interactions between such fields offer a clear distinction between flat and curved space-times. Free accelerated fields are associated with flat spacetime, while interacting accelerated fields with curved spacetimes. Our intuition that quantum gravity arises via field interactions is verified by invoking quantum statistics. Studying the Unruh-like effect of accelerated fields, we show that any massive object behaves as a black body at temperature which is inversely proportional to its mass, radiating space-time quanta. With a heuristic argument, it is shown that Hawking radiation naturally arises in a theory in which space-time is quantized. Finally, in terms of thermodynamics, gravity can be identified with an entropic force guaranteed by the second law of thermodynamics.
Chapter 2 The Bleomycin Model of Pulmonary Fibrosis

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) comprises a large number of chronic lung disease characterized by varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis. Mostly they are idiopathic including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which is a specific disorder characterized by progressive fibrosis leading commonly to end-stage lung disease, respiratory failure, and fatal outcome. IPF and many of these fibrotic ILDs lack effective therapy despite recent approval of two drugs to slow progression in certain IPF patients. Because there are no natural models for IPF, the use of animal models that reproduce key known features of the disease is warranted. Thus, different animal models have been developed to investigate key mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and identify potential therapeutic targets for IPF. While no animal model can recapitulate all features of human disease, several are available to address select features of IPF and other fibrotic ILDs. Historically, among the first to be developed and used widely is the bleomycin model, which is the best-characterized and currently most extensively used animal model due to its ability to reproduce many aspects of IPF and other fibrotic ILDs, good reproducibility, and ease of induction. Studies using the bleomycin model have identified many of the cellular and molecular mechanisms now recognized as being important in pathogenesis of IPF and other fibrotic ILDs, as well as novel therapies for these diseases, including two recent drugs approved for treatment of IPF. This chapter will describe commonly used techniques for induction of the model by endotracheal administration of bleomycin through surgical and nonsurgical (transoral instillation).
Corporate Debt Value with Switching Tax Benefits and Payouts

This paper analyzes a structural model of corporate debt in the spirit of Leland (1994) model within a more realistic general context where payouts and asymmetric tax-code provisions are introduced. We analytically derive the value of the tax benefit claim in this context and study the joint effect of tax asymmetry and payouts on optimal corporate financing decisions. Results show a quantitatively significant impact on both optimal debt issuance and leverage ratios, thus providing a way to explain differences in observed leverage across firms.
Garlic and Its Bioactive Compounds: Implications for Methane Emissions and Ruminant Nutrition

Simple Summary Methane (CH4) produced by ruminants contributes as a source of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG). Plant-derived bioactive compounds have been investigated for their potential to reduce CH4 emissions from ruminant livestock. Garlic contains bioactive organosulphur compounds, which have been reported to be effective in reducing CH4 emissions, but they have demonstrated inconsistent effects in reducing CH4 production in the rumen. This might be because different types of garlic-based supplements vary in their concentrations of bioactive compounds. Therefore, further investigation is needed, such as the mode of action and persistence of the bioactive compound, to determine whether these compounds can be used successfully to inhibit rumen methanogenesis. The present review discusses garlic and its potential contribution to reducing CH4 production by ruminant animals and discusses how differences in the diet and the concentration of bioactive compounds in garlic might contribute to inconsistent CH4 mitigation potential of garlic. Abstract Methane (CH4) emission from enteric fermentation of ruminant livestock is a source of greenhouse gases (GHG) and has become a significant concern for global warming. Enteric methane emission is also associated with poor feed efficiency. Therefore, research has focused on identifying dietary mitigation strategies to decrease CH4 emissions from ruminants. In recent years, plant-derived bioactive compounds have been investigated for their potential to reduce CH4 emissions from ruminant livestock. The organosulphur compounds of garlic have been observed to decrease CH4 emission and increase propionate concentration in anaerobic fermentations (in vitro) and in the rumen (in vivo). However, the mode of action of CH4 reduction is not completely clear, and the response in vivo is inconsistent. It might be affected by variations in the concentration and effect of individual substances in garlic. The composition of the diet that is being fed to the animal may also contribute to these differences. This review provides a summary of the effect of garlic and its bioactive compounds on CH4 emissions by ruminants. Additionally, this review aims to provide insight into garlic and its bioactive compounds in terms of enteric CH4 mitigation efficacy, consistency in afficacy, possible mode of action, and safety deriving data from both in vivo and in vitro studies.
The quantum Bayes rule and generalizations from the quantum maximum entropy method

The recent article ‘Entropic Updating of Probability and Density Matrices’ [] derives and demonstrates the inferential origins of both the standard and quantum relative entropies in unison. Operationally, the standard and quantum relative entropies are shown to be designed for the purpose of inferentially updating probability distributions and density matrices, respectively, when faced with incomplete information. We call the inferential updating procedure for density matrices the ‘quantum maximum entropy method’. Standard inference techniques in probability theory can be criticized for lacking concrete physical consequences in physics; but here, because we are updating quantum mechanical density matrices, the quantum maximum entropy method has direct physical and experimental consequences. The present article gives a new derivation of the Quantum Bayes Rule, and some generalizations, using the quantum maximum entropy method while discuss some of the limitations the quantum maximum entropy method puts on the measurement process in Quantum Mechanics.
The Effect of Task-Oriented Activities Training on Upper-Limb Function, Daily Activities, and Quality of Life in Chronic Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

This randomized controlled study aimed to investigate the effects of 8-week task-oriented activities of daily living (T-ADL) training on upper limb functions, activities of daily living (ADL), and quality of life (QoL) in chronic stroke patients. The 33 patients were randomly assigned to the T-ADL training or conventional occupational therapy (OT) group. The respective interventions were provided for 45-min a day, five times a week for eight weeks. To compare the upper-limb function before and after the intervention, the manual function test (MFT), box and block test (BBT), and grasp power test were performed; to compare the level of ADL performance, the modified-Barthel index (MBI) was measured. To evaluate QoL, stroke-specific QoL was measured. There was a significant group-by-time interaction in the affected side MFT score and both sides of BBT scores, but no significant interaction was found in the unaffected side MFT score, ADL, and QoL. Both groups showed a significant main effect of time in their ADL and QoL after the intervention (p < 0.001). The results of this study indicate that the eight-week T-ADL training has a positive effect on upper limb functions and gross manual dexterity, and both T-ADL training and conventional OT are effective in improving ADL and QoL in chronic stroke patients.
Analysis of Stakeholder Perception on Transparency, Accountability And Effectivity In School Operational Assistance Funds Management For Junior High School Level In North Aceh Regency

This study aims to analyze the differences in perceptions of internal stakeholders and external stakeholders about transparency, accountability and effectivity in the management of School Operational Assistance (BOS) funds in 97 State junior high schools in North Aceh Regency. The sample in this study is divided into two groups, they are the internal stakeholders group who is consisting of 97 principals, 97 vice principals, 97 treasurers and 97 committee chairs which is obtained by the saturated sample method, while external stakeholders are 392 guardians of students which is obtained from the slovin formula by using random sampling method. The types of data used are primary data in the form of respondents' answers to research questionnaires, observations and interviews and secondary data are literature studies and Basic Education Data for 97 State junior high schools in North Aceh Regency. The data analysis method used is the Mann Whitney Test. The results of this study found that there is a significant difference between the perceptions of internal stakeholders and external stakeholders about transparency, accountability and effectivity of BOS fund management at State Junior High Schools in North Aceh Regency.
Ubiquitous Computing in Sports and Physical Activity—Recent Trends and Developments

The use of small, interconnected and intelligent tools within the broad framework of pervasive computing for analysis and assessments in sport and physical activity is not a trend in itself but defines a way for information to be handled, processed and utilised: everywhere, at any time. The demand for objective data to support decision making prompted the adoption of wearables that evolve to fulfil the aims of assessing athletes and practitioners as closely as possible with their performance environments. In the present paper, we mention and discuss the advancements in ubiquitous computing in sports and physical activity in the past 5 years. Thus, recent developments in wearable sensors, cloud computing and artificial intelligence tools have been the pillars for a major change in the ways sport-related analyses are performed. The focus of our analysis is wearable technology, computer vision solutions for markerless tracking and their major contribution to the process of acquiring more representative data from uninhibited actions in realistic ecological conditions. We selected relevant literature on the applications of such approaches in various areas of sports and physical activity while outlining some limitations of the present-day data acquisition and data processing practices and the resulting sensors’ functionalities, as well as the limitations to the data-driven informed decision making in the current technological and scientific framework. Finally, we hypothesise that a continuous merger of measurement, processing and analysis will lead to the development of more reliable models utilising the advantages of open computing and unrestricted data access and allow for the development of personalised-medicine-type approaches to sport training and performance.
Charge Ordering and Long-Range Interactions in Layered Transition Metal Oxides

We study the competition between long-range and short-range interactions among holes within a continuum formulation of the spin density wave picture of layered transition metal oxides. We focus on the problem of charge ordering and the charge phase diagram. The main interactions are the long-range Coulomb interaction and a magnetic dipolar short-range interaction generated by short-range antiferromagnetic fluctuations. Four different phases depending on the strength of the dipolar interaction and the density of holes exist: Wigner crystal, diagonal stripes, horizontal-vertical stripes (loops). and a glassy-clumped phase. The effect of temperature, disorder, and lattice effects on these phases are discussed. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
An Adaptive Active Shape Model for Eye Shape Detection

This paper proposes an improved Active Shape Model (ASM) to detect the eye shape. The initial estimation of the eye shape and the poor description of its pixel value variation are considered as common problems in ASM. We employ Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to suggest an initial estimation of the eye shape based on understanding the eye structure in an eye image. In addition, the properties of PCA in pixel values-matching and data reduction are used to describe the pixel value variation around the eye shape and to search on the proper locations of the eye shape in the eye image. The experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed method compared to the standard ASM.
Simões Network 2 (SN2): A special model for special needing

Functional Orthopedics appliances must follow strict rules of construction and respect the correct indications, to achieve the proposed goals. The approach must be individualized for each patient according to each needing. Dr Wilma Alexandre Simões created a network of appliances, with no similarity with other appliances created by other authors. Her appliances respect rigid scientific fundamentals and provide for the clinician special tools for solving different types of occlusopathies. Here we present some rules, developed, and scientifically supported by the authors, in order to optimize the use of one of Simões Network called SN2.
Experimental and theoretical analysis of SAW properties of the langasite substrate with Euler angle (0/spl deg/,140/spl deg/,/spl phi/)

The numerical calculations using new material constants were in good agreement with the experimental results of the temperature-related SAW properties on the langasite substrate with Euler angle (0°,140°,φ). The temperature-related SAW properties as a function of the IDT metal thickness were also experimentally investigated. It was revealed that a thicker metal leads to a lower turnover temperature. Furthermore we investigated the NSPUDT (natural single phase unidirectional transducer) properties of langasite with Euler angle (0°,140°,25°) experimentally. Its directivity was almost equal to one estimated by the calculation based on the coupling of mode (COM) model. This NSPUDT property is a promising feature for the low-loss IF filter.
Post-Mortem Interval and Microbiome Analysis through 16S rRNA Analysis: A Systematic Review

The determination of the Post-Mortem Interval (PMI) is an issue that has always represented a challenge in the field of forensic science. Different innovative approaches, compared to the more traditional ones, have been tried over the years, without succeeding in being validated as successful methods for PMI estimation. In the last two decades, innovations in sequencing technologies have made it possible to generate large volumes of data, allowing all members of a bacterial community to be sequenced. The aim of this manuscript is to provide a review regarding new advances in PMI estimation through cadaveric microbiota identification using 16S rRNA sequencing, in order to correlate specific microbiome profiles obtained from different body sites to PMI. The systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. For this purpose, 800 studies were identified through database searching (Pubmed). Articles that dealt with PMI estimation in correlation with microbiome composition and contained data about species, body site of sampling, monitoring time and sequencing method were selected and ultimately a total of 25 studies were considered. The selected studies evaluated the contribution of the various body sites to determine PMI, based on microbiome sequencing, in human and animal models. The results of this systematic review highlighted that studies conducted on both animals and humans yielded results that were promising. In order to fully exploit the potential of the microbiome in the estimation of PMI, it would be desirable to identify standardized body sampling sites and specific sampling methods in order to align data obtained by different research groups.
Habitability Properties of Circumbinary Planets

It is shown that several habitability conditions (in fact, at least seven such conditions) appear to be fulfilled automatically by circumbinary planets of main-sequence stars (CBP-MS), whereas on Earth, these conditions are fulfilled only by chance. Therefore, it looks natural that most of the production of replicating biopolymers in the Galaxy is concentrated on particular classes of CBP-MS, and life on Earth is an outlier, in this sense. In this scenario, Lathe’s mechanism for the tidal “chain reaction” abiogenesis on Earth is favored as generic for CBP-MS, due to photo-tidal synchronization inherent to them. Problems with this scenario are discussed in detail.
A Review of Image Super-Resolution Approaches Based on Deep Learning and Applications in Remote Sensing

At present, with the advance of satellite image processing technology, remote sensing images are becoming more widely used in real scenes. However, due to the limitations of current remote sensing imaging technology and the influence of the external environment, the resolution of remote sensing images often struggles to meet application requirements. In order to obtain high-resolution remote sensing images, image super-resolution methods are gradually being applied to the recovery and reconstruction of remote sensing images. The use of image super-resolution methods can overcome the current limitations of remote sensing image acquisition systems and acquisition environments, solving the problems of poor-quality remote sensing images, blurred regions of interest, and the requirement for high-efficiency image reconstruction, a research topic that is of significant relevance to image processing. In recent years, there has been tremendous progress made in image super-resolution methods, driven by the continuous development of deep learning algorithms. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview and analysis of deep-learning-based image super-resolution methods. Specifically, we first introduce the research background and details of image super-resolution techniques. Second, we present some important works on remote sensing image super-resolution, such as training and testing datasets, image quality and model performance evaluation methods, model design principles, related applications, etc. Finally, we point out some existing problems and future directions in the field of remote sensing image super-resolution.
Robust logic gates and realistic quantum computation

The composite rotation approach has been used to develop a range of robust quantum logic gates, including single qubit gates and two qubit gates, which are resistant to systematic errors in their implementation. Single qubit gates based on the BB1 family of composite rotations have been experimentally demonstrated in a variety of systems, but little study has been made of their application in extended computations, and there has been no experimental study of the corresponding robust two qubit gates to date. Here we describe an application of robust gates to nuclear magnetic resonance studies of approximate quantum counting. We find that the BB1 family of robust gates is indeed useful, but that the related NB1, PB1, B4, and P4 families of tailored logic gates are less useful than initially expected.
Generalized method of Feynman-Pines diagram technique in the theory of energy spectrum of two-level quasiparticle renormalized due to multi-phonon processes at cryogenic temperature

Theory of the spectrum of localized two-level quasi-particle renormalized due to interaction with polarization phonons at cryogenic temperature is developed using the generalized method of Feynman-Pines diagram technique. Using the procedure of partial summing of infinite ranges of the main diagrams, mass operator is obtained as a compact branched chain fraction, which effectively takes into account multi-phonon processes. It is shown that multi-phonon processes and interlevel interaction of quasiparticle and phonons cardinally change the renormalized spectrum of the system depending on the difference of energies of two states, which either resonates with phonon energy or does not. The spectrum of non-resonant system contains renormalized energies of the main states and two similar infinite series of groups of phonon satellite levels. The spectrum of a resonant system contains a renormalized ground state and infinite series of satellite groups.
Contribution VIDEO-ASSISTED THORACOSCOPIC DIAGNOSIS OF TRAPPED LUNG IN MALIGNANT PLEURAL EFFUSIONS

PURPOSE. The aim of this study is to present the role of video-assisted thoracoscopy to assess the ability of the lung to expand in malignant pleural effusions. METHODS. The survey was conducted for a 3-year period in 13 patients with histologically diagnosed malignant pleural effusion and trapped lung. In each of the patients video-assisted thoracoscopy was performed. RESULTS. Two reasons for trapped lung were identified. In 10 of the patients it was due to multiple metastatic nodules. In 3 cases the cause was a diffuse fibrotic involvement of the lung resulting from the metastatic process.CONCLUSIONS. Our research confirmed two causes of trapped lung in malignant pleural effusions: multiple metastases on the lung surface and diffuse lung fibrosis, induced by the metastatic process, with the increased role of multiple metastases on the lung surface.
Broad iron lines in Active Galactic Nuclei

An intrinsically narrow line emitted by an accretion disk around a black hole appears broadened and skewed as a result of the Doppler eﬀect and gravitational redshift. The ﬂuorescent iron line in the X-ray band at 6.4 – 6.9 keV is the strongest such line and is seen in the X-ray spectrum of many active galactic nuclei and, in particular, Seyfert galaxies. It is an important diagnostic with which to study the geometry and other properties of the accretion ﬂow very close to the central black hole. The broad iron line indicates the presence of a standard thin accretion disk in those objects, often seen at low inclination. The broad iron line has opened up strong gravitational eﬀects around black holes to observational study with wide-reaching consequences for both astrophysics and physics.