Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributed Strain Measurement in Steel Bridge with Fiber Optic Sensors: Validation through Diagnostic Load Test

Fiber optic sensing technologies are emerging as valid alternatives for the health monitoring of civil structures. Distributed sensors based on Brillouin scattering add the unique capability of measuring strain and temperature profiles along optical fibers. Measurement is performed by establishing the correlation between fiber strain and temperature, and the frequency shift of the Brillouin backscattered light induced by a monochromatic light pulse. The technology holds potential for use on large structures and integrated transportation infrastructure. Its effectiveness has been assessed through scaled laboratory experiments, whereas field validation is limited to very few demonstration projects conducted to date. This paper presents a pilot application of Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry to measure strain profiles along the steel girders of a continuous slab-on-girder bridge subjected to diagnostic load testing. One of the exterior continuous girders required heat-straightening after falling during construction due to wind. The significance of applying a distributed measurement technique lies in the potential to assess the global girder response, which would be impractical and uneconomical using discrete measurement techniques. A 1.16 km long sensing circuit was installed onto the web of four girders. The circuit comprises bare optical fiber sensors, and a novel adhesively bonded fiberglass tape with embedded sensing fibers for strain measurement and thermal compensation. The strain profiles were first converted into deflection profiles and validated against discrete deflection measurements performed with a high-precision total station system. Structural assessment based on comparison of the strain profiles with the results of three-dimensional finite-element analysis of the bridge superstructure, and with specification mandated criteria, indicated that the response of the girder under investigation was within the design limits, and did not pose serviceability concerns. Factors that may affect measurement accuracy are finally discussed on the basis of the experimental and numerical results.
PERFORMANCE OF EPOXY COATED REBARS IN BRIDGE DECKS

Epoxy coated rebar (ECR) was introduced in the mid 1970s as a means to minimize concrete deterioration caused by corrosion of the reinforcing steel and to extend the useful life of highway structures. This report summarizes the results of investigations performed by highway agencies in the United States and Canada, academia, and the Canadian Strategic Highway Research Program to evaluate the performance of ECR. A total of 92 bridge decks, two bridge barrier rails, and one noise barrier rail was evaluated in the States of California, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin, and the provinces of Alberta, Nova Scotia, and Ontario. The overall condition of the bridge decks was considered to be good. Deck cracking did not appear to be corrosion related. Very few of the decks had any delaminations or spalls associated with the ECR. Any delaminations or spalls that were associated with corrosion of ECR were small and generally in isolated locations. No evidence of corrosion was found on 81% of the ECR segments extracted from the structures. The chloride concentrations at the rebar level were generally at or above the threshold to initiate corrosion in black steel. The ECR did not appear to perform as well when the concrete was cracked as when the concrete was not cracked. Corrosion was more severe on ECR segments extracted from locations of heavy cracking, shallow concrete cover, high concrete permeability, and high chloride concentrations. Coating disbondment and softening occurred as a result of prolonged exposure to a moist environment. The number of defects in the epoxy coating and the amount of disbondment appear to influence the performance of ECR. ECR has provided effective corrosion protection for up to 20 years of service. Little or no maintenance or repair work has been performed on the decks. There was no evidence of any significant premature concrete deterioration that could be attributed to corrosion of the ECR. The use of adequate good quality concrete cover, adequate inspection, finishing, and curing of the concrete, and the proper manufacturing and handling of ECR complements the use of ECR in providing effective corrosion protection for concrete bridge decks.
Knowledge Acquisition and Development for Formwork Selection System

The selection/design of a formwork system for a project is influenced by the building design, site constraints, available resources, the contractor's experience with different systems, and their availability. Typically, the selection of a formwork system is made by a senior member of the contractor's organization. The decision is heavily based on that individual's experience. This experience may limit the selection of a system to one that is not the optimum. This paper describes the development and knowledge acquisition of an expert system developed to assist the formwork selector/designer in making that decision. This tool was developed by systematically capturing the expertise of people involved in all phases of the life of the formwork, from design through erection and concrete placement to its removal. The three stages of the knowledge acquisition, familiarization, elicitation, and organization, are described. The iterative process of building a microcomputer‐based expert system is presented.
Imaging of brain stem tumors

Modern neuroimaging of the brain stem is performed using primarily computed tomography (CT) scanning and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MR imaging, characterized by high-contrast resolution and multiplanarity and devoid of artifacts, enables an exact definition of tumor site, size, topography, and extension. The most frequent tumors found in this small but complex area include fibrillary and pilocytic astrocytoma, ependyoma, lymphoma, and metastasis as well as cavernoma, the most frequent nontumoral lesion.
Realisation of Current-Mode SRCOs using All Grounded Passive Elements

By S. S. Gupta and Rai Senani' Abstract This paper presents a catalogue of single resistance controlled oscillators employing all grounded passive elements realized by using a recently introduced active building block called 'differential difference complementary current conveyor (DDCCC)'. The circuits employ two DDCCCs, two grounded capacitors and three grounded resistors. These circuits offer the following novel features: (i) employment of a minimum number of (five) passive elements (all of which are grounded) using only one kind of active elements (ii) availability of the intended single-resistance-control of frequency even under the influence of parasitics without affecting the condition of oscillation which is also independently adjustable and, (ii i) availability of current mode output(s) explicitly. Results of non-ideal analysis of circuits incorporating various parasitics have been included, workability of the derived circuits has been established by PSPICE simulations and based upon these, the best circuits of this catalogue have been identified.
Evolution of the Backpacker Market and the Potential for Australian Tourism

This research project used a combination of methods and information sources, including original research, to identify some possible strategies to build a sustainable future for the backpacking sector of Australian tourism. The study was directed by the goal of providing a comprehensive view of backpacker trends sourced from international backpacker experts, Australian operators and government personnel. The trends were assessed through the responses of backpackers themselves. Further the opportunity to comment on strategies suggested by the survey findings was provided in eight workshops conducted around Australia. These processes led to the identification of 5 short term strategies for capturing market share and 7 longer term plans for pursuing the potential of backpacker evolution for Australia. Some of the key strategies included building an extended working holiday maker visa system, one part of which could be the introduction of a student holiday maker visa. Other strategies focused on building education and training workshops for backpacker operators to better understand, use and monitor technology. Key new partnerships and discussions were suggested between education and volunteer organisations and backpacker industry groups and several strategies were directed towards repackaging existing products and providing business incentives to generate new experiences. While the research strongly suggests that backpacking in its many forms will continue to exist, there is also a clear message from the research that Australia’s international competitiveness in this sector requires new and fresh initiatives from multiple business and government stakeholders.
A method for the determination of the customers share of the contribution to the level of harmonic voltage on an electric network

This paper proposes a method for determining each customer's share of responsibility for the production of harmonic voltages at a given point on the network. The method uses a model of the electric network based upon line impedance and each customer's harmonic currents. A summary of the active power balance sheet is created so as to consider Joule losses in the conductors.
Compact planar monopole UWB antenna with band‐notched characteristic

A novel compact ultra‐wideband antenna with band‐notched function is proposed and implemented. The radiating patch consists of a binomial function edge and is fed by coplanar waveguide. The size of the UWB antenna is minimized to 30 × 27.4 mm2. A new type of π‐shaped slot is embedded to obtain the band‐notched characteristic in the 5 GHz WLAN band. The center frequency of the notched band can be varied from 5.2 to 5.8 GHz by properly selecting the parameter values. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2656–2658, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23717
Research and Simulation on Stability Control after Network Intrusion

Network intrusion is highly destructive and uncontrollable. Current networks are all closed-loop feedback control systems, therefore conflicts, instability, limit data bandwidth and other uncontrollable factors occur after networks intrusion. The traditional stability control methods have better control to the pre-intrusion. Once after intrusion, the volatility of networks will beyond the control and the control threshold cannot play the role of optimal control. On the foundation of feedback rules of random and long-time unstable network control system states, this paper proposes a stability and stabilization method for network volatility caused by intrusion. Finally, a numerical example is used to verify the validity of the conclusions.
Prediction of Combustion Dynamics in a Staged Premixed Combustor

Combustion instabilities are a major challenge in the development of low-emissions premixed gas turbine combustors. The development and demonstration of predictive capabilities for instabilities has progressed considerably. One of the major fundamental mechanisms demonstrated in several instances is the convection of fuel concentration fluctuations from the fuel injector to the reaction zone. A one-dimensional model has been developed which captures this mechanism coupled to solutions for standing acoustic waves. Since many real combustion systems include multiple flow paths for mixing and/or staged fuel injection, the model has been extended to include a parallel acoustic path and two fuel injection locations. Splitting of fuel between two injection positions is a common method to influence combustion dynamics toward a more operable system. A relatively simple model which only partially couples acoustics and heat release was applied to an axially staged combustor and the predictions are compared with the experimental behavior. The results from this model successfully predict the overall dynamics behavior as a function of the fuel split between the two injection locations.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Investigating the joint choice behavior of intercity transport mode and high‐speed rail cabin with a strategy map

Summary This paper investigates the joint choice behavior of intercity transport modes and high-speed rail cabin class within a two-dimensional choice structure. Although numerous studies have been conducted on the mode choice behavior, little is known about the influence of cabin class on their intercity traveling choice. Hence, this study is conducted with a revealed preference survey to investigate the intercity traveling behavior for the western corridor of Taiwan. The results of nested logit model reveal that a cabin strategy has a more significant influence on cabin choice than on mode choice. Furthermore, this study proposes a new strategy map concept to assist transport operators in defining and implementing their pricing strategies. The results suggest that to capture a higher market share, high-speed rail operators should choose an active price reduction strategy, while bus and rail operators are advised to implement a passive price increase strategy to raise unit revenue. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of UHF Thin Film Transformer and Research of its S-Parameter Performance

A novel spiral stacked thin film transformer was designed based on Si IC technology in this paper. And also, the stacked air core and ferrite core thin film transformers with different turns ratio were prepareed. Then, the S-parameter performance of these two kinds of transformers were measured. The measurement results show that the magnetic core thin film transformer has a better electronic transmission performance. It obtains maximum transmission efficiency 93.7% at the frequency range from 10MHz to 20GHz, and the air core transformer obtains maximum 89% at the same frequency range. Many testings show that ferrite core thin film transformer with turns ratio 1:1 can obtain the transmission efficiency over 60% at the frequency range from 2GHz to 16GHz.
Analysis of width edge effects in advanced isolation schemes for deep submicron CMOS technologies

The evolution of the active area/isolation transition has resulted in modification of the isolation induced parasitic effects on the device. Based on experimental and simulation results, this paper presents an analysis of the corner parasitic effects induced by an abrupt transition. The substrate bias, transistor length and width dependence of the corner effect Is studied. It is shown that the corner parasitic transistor is less sensitive to short channel and substrate bias effects. The parasitic effect behavior as a function of certain technological parameters is studied by simulating the isolation process. It is demonstrated that certain technological parameters linked to the isolation process must be perfectly controlled for a good integration of future isolation technologies, especially for shallow trench isolation (STI).
11.3.3 Acknowledging Uncertainty in the Provision of Defence Capability: Insights from Literature

Uncertainty pervades the world we live in although its presence is not always acknowledged in systems engineering. Its influence on providing systems‐of‐systems defence capability is not only amplified by the aggregation of uncertainty through the systems hierarchy but also by the ambiguity in defining such capability. Worryingly, a failure to account for uncertainty can ultimately lead to a failure to satisfy the customer. Dealing with uncertainty must begin with acknowledging, understanding and synthesising the insight that literature has to offer on the topic. Such insight is summarised in this paper by reviewing the pertinent literature on the topic. A number of formalisms for expressing uncertainty exist and the pros and cons of each are surveyed. Traditional means of uncertainty analysis are also reviewed as a basis for dealing with uncertainty in defence capability. Despite the emphasis on the provision of defence capability, the topics presented in this paper are relevant to systems engineering in general.
Grafted Decision Tree for Freeway Incident Detection

This paper presents the application of a grafted decision tree for traffic incident detection. The detection performance is evaluated by the criteria, including: (1) detection rate; (2) false alarm rate; (3) mean time to detection; (4) classification rate; and, (5) the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic. Different from the general decision tree, a grafted decision tree model is able to increase the probability of rightly classifying instances that fall outside the areas covered by the training data set. The detection performance of the grafted decision tree was compared to radical basis function neural networks (RBFNN) and multilayer feed forward neural networks (MLFNN) which yielded superior incident detection performance in the previous studies. The experimental results indicate that the grafted decision tree is competitive with RBFNN and MLFNN.
Evolution of a Linear Variable Intensity Rainfall Simulator for Surface Hydrology and Erosion Studies

Because of wind erosion during the dust bowl era of the early 1930s in the central United States, Congress appropriated federal funding to study the problem and find ways that protect the land from all forms of erosion. Afterwards, a series of erosion stations were established across the eastern United States, and natural rainfall-runoff plots were placed on a wide range of soils, slopes, and cropping/management systems. The data collected from these studies served as the basis for developing the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) for rain-induced erosion which is still, in its revised form, the basis for determining "highly erodible lands" for various USDA programs. Because of the expense of maintaining USLE plots, and the extreme variability in the research data, they were discontinued, and most research since the 1950s in water erosion has focused on using rainfall simulators to quantify differences in erosion from all the variables of the USLE, and refining other parameters, such as factors K and C. The simulators used over the last 60 years have varied widely in design and functionality, but paid little or no attention to the type of water used to conduct the simulation. The objective of this article is to describe relevant advances in the historical development of simulator technology in the United States and describe principal design improvements that allow them to be used in a wider range of rainfall-runoff and erosion studies. This article will also describe the most recent portable simulator developed at the National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory.
Research on the Enterprise Network from IPv4 to IPv6 Transition

As IPv4 address resource being exhausted, the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 is urgent. According to the status of the enterprise network, IPv6 forwarding performance and IPv6 transition technology of the enterprise network equipment was tested. Furthermore, IPv6 transition principles and process for the enterprise network were presented on this basis. In the transition program the cost, complexity, technology maturity and transition smoothness was taken into account. Test results and IPv6 transition program provide a reference for other enterprise network transition process.
Computer-Aided Tuning of Microwave Filters

LCX synthesis and pattern search optimisation techniques are used to construct a very effective algorithm for computer aided tuning of microwave filters. Intercavity couplings and resonator detunings of the short-circuited network under test are worked out from the measurement of the phase of the reflection coefficient. The technique proves to be successful in tuning a 6-pole filter having both elliptic attenuation peaks and group delay equalisation and looks very promising for properly aligning channel filters of manifold multiplexers.
Epidemiology of colorectal cancer: incidence, mortality, survival, and risk factors

According to GLOBOCAN 2018 data, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most deadly and fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. Nearly 2 million new cases and about 1 million deaths are expected in 2018. CRC incidence has been steadily rising worldwide, especially in developing countries that are adopting the “western” way of life. Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, red meat consumption, alcohol, and tobacco are considered the driving factors behind the growth of CRC. However, recent advances in early detection screenings and treatment options have reduced CRC mortality in developed nations, even in the face of growing incidence. Genetic testing and better family history documentation can enable those with a hereditary predisposition for the neoplasm to take preventive measures. Meanwhile, the general population can reduce their risk by lowering their red meat, alcohol, and tobacco consumption and raising their consumption of fibre, wholesome foods, and certain vitamins and minerals.
An Intelligent Economic Approach for Resource Distribution Stratagem in Fog Computing Podium

An expansion of cloud computing services is Fog computing to the edging of the system to reduce latency and network overcrowding, is a comparatively new research style. Even though together cloud and fog put forward related assets and services, the second is characterized by little latency with a wider increase and geologically dispersed nodes to maintain mobility and synchronized communication. Cloud computing may be well-organized option to own and maintain computer assets and applications for a lot of organizations, mainly tiny-and average-sized organizations, because of the reimburse-as-you-exit representation and additional personality (e.g., on-command, person-service, resource pooling and quick flexibility) . The sustained attention in cloud computing has also resulted in additional rising cloud paradigms, such as fog computing. In this paper, we explain the design of “Skewness” to calculate the abnormality in the multi dimensional resource utilization of a server. To reduce skewness, we be able to combine dissimilar types of workloads adequately and movement generally consumption of server resources.
The Elements of Pendulum Dampers

The dynamics of a pendulum damper is treated in a more general way than hitherto, all known types being included. A new method of considering the effects of a pendulum damper when fixed at any point in an engine system is developed, showing that its action results in an alteration or displacement of the critical speeds at which the harmonic orders occur.A convenient method is outlined for arriving theoretically at the best design for a pendulum damper, whatever may be its location in the engine system. As a practical illustration, a brief account is given of experimental work which was undertaken to test the behaviour of a well-known engine when a certain pendulum damper was fitted to the flywheel. A further account of a similar application to a six-cylinder engine is also given. Special forms of pendulums, and a note on the estimation of angular amplitudes, are discussed in Appendix I, and a bibliography and a short list of the most important patent specifications relating to pendulum dampers are also in.