Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mobile Diary App Versus Paper-Based Diary Cards for Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder: Economic Evaluation

Background The cost-effectiveness of using a mobile diary app as an adjunct in dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in patients with borderline personality disorder is unknown. Objective This study aims to perform an economic evaluation of a mobile diary app compared with paper-based diary cards in DBT treatment for patients with borderline personality disorder in a psychiatric outpatient facility. Methods This study was conducted alongside a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. The participants were recruited at 5 Danish psychiatric outpatient facilities and were randomized to register the emotions, urges, and skills used in a mobile diary app or on paper-based diary cards. The participants in both groups received DBT delivered by the therapists. A cost-consequence analysis with a time horizon of 12 months was performed. Consequences included quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), depression severity, borderline severity, suicidal behavior, health care use, treatment compliance, and system usability. All relevant costs were included. Focus group interviews were conducted with patients, therapists, researchers, and industry representatives to discuss the potential advantages and disadvantages of using a mobile diary app. Results A total of 78 participants were included in the analysis. An insignificantly higher number of participants in the paper group dropped out before the start of treatment (P=.07). Of those starting treatment, participants in the app group had an average of 37.1 (SE 27.55) more days of treatment and recorded an average of 3.16 (SE 5.10) more skills per week than participants in the paper group. Participants in both groups had a QALY gain and a decrease in depression severity, borderline severity, and suicidal behavior. Significant differences were found in favor of the paper group for both QALY gain (adjusted difference −0.054; SE 0.03) and reduction in depression severity (adjusted difference −1.11; SE 1.57). The between-group difference in total costs ranged from US $107.37 to US $322.10 per participant during the 12 months. The use of services in the health care sector was similar across both time points and groups (difference: psychiatric hospitalization <5 and <5; general practice −1.32; SE 3.68 and 2.02; SE 3.19). Overall, the patients showed high acceptability and considered the app as being easy to use. Therapists worried about potential negative influences on the therapist-patient interaction from new work tasks accompanying the introduction of the new technology but pointed at innovation potential from digital database registrations. Conclusions This study suggests both positive and negative consequences of mobile diary apps as adjuncts to DBT compared with paper diary cards. More research is needed to draw conclusions regarding its cost-effectiveness. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03191565; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03191565 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/17737
12 Geographic Agency: Iran as a ‘Civilizational Crossroads’ in the Belt and Road Geography

Chapter 12 focuses on Iran and tackles two issues. First, it seeks to demar-cate the conceptual boundaries of ‘geographic agency’. Second, it attempts to apply this concept to the case of Iran. Adopting a critical geography approach, the chapter unpacks how Iran is reinventing itself geographically through certain ‘space-making processes’ and ‘space-framing assumptions’. The chapter argues that Iran is showing agency at three geographical levels: 1) as a nation state, it is systematically representing the ‘idea of Iran’ as a ‘civilizational crossroads’; it does so 2) in a region that the Iranian government chooses to call ‘West Asia’ (and not ‘the Middle East’), and 3) in an emergent world whose organizing trope is a ‘New Silk Roads’ imaginary and which has a geoeconomic rather than geopolitical logic.
Relationships and Clinical Utility of Creatinine, Cystatin C, eGFRs, GFRs, and Clearances.

BACKGROUND This review addresses techniques for glomerular filtration rate (GFR), either measured by clearance tests such as with creatinine, iothalamate, inulin, or iohexol [measured GFR (mGFR)] or calculated by equations that determine the estimated GFR (eGFR) from serum measurements of creatinine and/or cystatin C. However, mGFR tests are slow and impractical for routine use. Therefore, calculations of eGFRs have been developed that have advantages over the mGFRs. CONTENT The eGFR is a serum creatinine and/or cystatin C adjusted for age, sex, and race, with mathematical manipulations to produce an average numerical agreement with the mGFR. However, all comparisons between eGFR and mGFR show wide scatter that appears to be related to the large variability of the mGFR. Procedures for mGFR often do not agree with each other and have both wide population variation (similar to plasma creatinine and cystatin C) and within-individual variation that is much larger than creatinine or cystatin C. Whether the measured GFR is even equivalent to serum creatinine and/or cystatin C for detecting early clinical changes in chronic kidney disease will be addressed. SUMMARY Procedures for measuring GFR are tedious and expensive, and have both wide population variation (similar to plasma creatinine and cystatin C), and within-individual variation that is much larger than either creatinine or cystatin C. Because the normal range for mGFR overlaps considerably with the stages 1 and 2 of chronic kidney disease, mGFR has significant clinical limitations. Instead of trying to mimic mGFRs, the focus should be on using eGFRs on their own clinical merits to detect impaired kidney function.
The prevalence of stunting among children and adolescents living in the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA): A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Given the strategic importance of the MENA, the state of war and inequity in the region and its effect on malnutrition which leads to mortality and reduced economic development in this region, the current study purposed to examine the prevalence of stunting as an indicator of chronic malnutrition in the MENA region, with consideration given HDI, rural/urban area, and war-involved countries. Methods The electronic databases of PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of science, and Embase were systematically searched, and English-language articles published between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2019 were included in this study. The POLIS (population, outcome, location, indicator, study design) criteria were used to perform the systematic review, and studies involving children 2 to 18 years of age were selected. Results Fifty-eight (n = 2 202 869) were included based on the study's inclusion criteria. The prevalence of stunting in children in the total MENA region was 22.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 20.4-23.6; I2 = 99.92%, P < 0.0001). The studies included in the meta-analysis were analyzed by subgroups. The pooled prevalence of stunting in children aged 2-5 years old and children aged 6 and older was 25.7% and 16.5%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of stunting was 34.1% in rural and 12.4% in urban areas. The pooled prevalence of stunting according to HDI was 30.1%, 28.5%, 13.1%, in low, medium, and high HDI countries, respectively. Furthermore, the pooled prevalence of stunting according to war status was 28.5% in war-involved countries vs 20.6% in others. Conclusions High prevalence of malnutrition was seen based on stunting indicator in the meta-analysis study in the MENA region, and this issue became more pronounced when the data was divided into subgroups based on age, residential area, and HDI. Inequality regarding social, economic, and political factors leads to significant malnutrition in the mentioned region.
The problem of coccidiosis in broiler chickens and laying hens: Selected control methods and alternative solutions

In industrial poultry production, especially in broiler chickens, coccidiosis, caused by Eimeria protozoa parasites in the digestive tract, continues to be a serious health and economic problem. In economic terms, the losses are mainly caused by the costs of prevention and treatment, as well as the reduced weight gain and reduced condition of the birds. Currently, the prophylactic program of this disease unit is mainly based on the use of chemotherapeutics. Another way to control coccidiosis is active immunoprophylaxis, based on the vaccination of chickens for fattening, and passive immunoprophylaxis, based on vaccination of the parent flock. An alternative, effective way to reduce the negative effects of protozoan infestation by Eimeria may be the use of herbs and their extracts, pre- and probiotics and betaine.
Recent Temperature and Rainfall Characteristics in Dodoma Region, Central Tanzania (1961 – 2013)

This paper presents the recent temperature and rainfall characteristics in Dodoma region, central Tanzania. The study used archival temperature and rainfall data for the past 53 years (1961 – 2013). Simple linear trend analysis and Mann-Kendall test were used to establish and test for rainfall and temperature trends through Microsoft Excel (2010) and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 20). Results for both minimum and maximum temperature indicate a significant increased trend (p=0.000, p=0.001) respectively at 0.05 significance level. Conversely, non-significant decreasing and increasing rainfall trends were noted for Bahi, Mpwapwa and Dodoma (p=0.532, p=0.473, p=0.629) respectively, at 0.05 significance level. Results further indicate that rainfall variability in the study area is influenced by local, regional and global variations. From the results, it is noted that temperature and rainfall have both significant and insignificant changes. It is recommended that the observed increased temperature and declined rainfall requires more adaptation strategies than usual to reduce adverse effects as climate variability is expected to further increase in the near future.
Noble Metal-Based Nanocomposites for Fuel Cells

Noble metal-based nanocomposites are attractive for a rich variety of electrocatalytic applications as they can exhibit not only a combination of the properties associated with each component but also synergy due to a strong coupling between different constituents. Using noble metal as the base component, a plenty of methods have been recently demonstrated for the synthesis of noble metal-based nanocomposites with novel structures (e.g., alloys, core-shell, skin and 1D/2D structures). In this chapter, an account of recent advances of synthetic approaches to noble metal-based nanocomposites with controlled structures, compositions and sizes are reviewed. The relationship between structures and electrochemical properties of these nanocomposites in fuel cell field is discussed. The potential future directions of research in the field are also addressed.
Organizational Culture, Emotional Intelligence and Motivation: Its Effect on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) on Employees of State-Owned Enterprises in Indonesia

State-Owned Enterprises under the Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises of the Republic of Indonesia is finding cases of corruption because of the behavior of employees who are not responsible, so that the Ministry of State Enterprises of the Republic of Indonesia estabished new core values on the organizational culture or all State-Owned Companies. The purpose of this research was to examine the influence of organizational culture, emotional intelligence, and motivation on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) on employees of State-Owned Enterprises in Indonesia. Researcher set organizational culture, emotional intelligence, and motivation as the independent variable, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as the dependent variable. This research is an exploratory research that proves the causal relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable using multiple regression analysis. The results of this research are that together organizational culture, emotional intelligence, and motivation have a considerable influence on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Whereas partially, organizational culture has no significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and for emotional intelligence and motivation has a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) on employees in State-Owned Enterprises in Indonesia .
Study of the effects of pharmaceutical micropollutants on the fouling of MBR used for municipal wastewater treatment : case of carbamazepine

Membrane fouling still remains the main limitation for the development of membrane bioreactor (MBR). In this thesis, the main objective focuses on the effects of pharmaceutical micropollutants which are frequently found in domestic wastewater on MBR fouling. Carbamazepine (CBZ), an anti-epileptic drug, was chosen in this study due to its occurrence in domestic wastewater and persistency in MBR process. The effects of CBZ on MBR fouling were investigated in two different ways of contact, i.e. short-term peak contact and long-term continuous contact. The results showed that during only 3 hours contact with 100 µg L-1 CBZ, the fouling propensity of the sludge increased due to the increase in 100-1000 kDa protein-like substances in the supernatant, which could be completely retained by the MBR membrane and the membranes used in the filterability tests. The increase of 100-1000 kDa protein-like compounds in the supernatant may probably be caused by the bacterial decay when facing the pharmaceutical stress. Besides, the reduced effect was observed for sludge obtained from MBR operated under higher organic loading rate. During the long-term continuous contact, significantly higher MBR fouling rate was observed after the continuous addition of CBZ in the MBR via the feed (90 µg L-1 CBZ in the feed), which could be related to the significant increase of 10-100 kDa protein-like compounds in the supernatant after addition of CBZ. The 10-100 kDa protein-like compounds could accumulate in the biocake, which was formed on MBR membrane surface, modify the biocake structure and change the retention characteristics of MBR. The increase of 10-100 kDa protein-like compounds was probably caused by the defensive response of bacteria when continuously facing the pharmaceutical stress. Slight inhibition of microbial activity was found several days after addition of CBZ in MBR, and then it was stabilized to some constant level due to the acclimation of sludge to the pharmaceutical stress. Similar, significant increase of protein concentration was observed at the beginning several days after addition of CBZ in MBR, then returned to the initial level. No significant change in sludge floc size and polysaccharide concentration in supernatant was found during the long-term continuous contact period. This study could help to enhance the understanding of complex interactions among pharmaceutical micropollutants, activated sludge and MBR fouling
ARB and ARGs survived from the extremely acidity posing a risk on intestinal bacteria in an in vitro digestion model by horizontal gene transfer

Background: Antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been considered as emerging contaminants, which even might be closely related to human health.Methods: To investigate the disease-producing risk of ARB and the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) risks of both extracellular ARGs (eARGs) and intracellular ARGs (iARGs), an in vitro digestion model was established to simulate the process of ARB and ARGs going through digestive tract. CTC/DAPI-FCM assay was used to study the survival of ARB during digestion, and the changes of genes (including tetA, tetG, tetM, sul1, sul2, bla EBC, bla FOX, intI1 and 16S rRNA) were determined by QPCR.Results: The results showed that ARB were mostly affected by pH of gastric juice. About 99% ARB (total population of 2.45 × 109–2.54 × 109) were killed by the gastric juice of pH 2.0 for the severely damage of bacterial cell membrane, but more than 80% ARB (total population of 2.71 × 109–3.90 × 109) were still alive with intact cell membrane when the pH of gastric juice increased to 3.0 and above. ARGs, intI1 and 16S rRNA could be detectable even at extreme pH when most bacteria died. The eARGs (accounting for 0.03%–24.56% of total genes) were less than iARGs obviously. The eARGs showed greater HGT potential than that of iARGs, suggesting transformation occurs more easily than conjugation. The transfer potential followed the order as: tet (100%) > sul (75%) > bla (58%), related to the high correlation of intI1 with tetA and sul2 (p < 0.01). Moreover, gastric juice of pH 1.0 could decrease the transfer frequency of ARGs by 2–3 order of magnitude compared to the control, but still threatening human health.Conclusions: Under the treatment of digestive juice, ARGs still have high gene horizontal transfer potential, suggesting that food-borne ARB pose a risk of ARGs horizontal transfer to intestinal bacteria.
STRATEGI ORANG TUA KRISTEN DALAM MEMBANGUN DISIPLIN ANAK

Penelitian ini bermaksud mengkaji strategi orang tua dalam menumbuh kembangkan disiplin anak di keluarga Kristen. Alkitab meletakan tanggung jawab utama untuk mendidik anak ada pada orang tua. Anak-anak memerlukan disiplin untuk membentuk karakter mereka. Selain itu disiplin juga penting bagi anak dalam kaitan dengan kehidupan sosial dan disiplin merupakan fondasi yang sangat dibutuhkan anak untuk meraih masa depan mereka. Metode yang digunakan adalah deksriptif dan kajian literatur. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan artikel ini tersimpulkan bahwa para orang tua berperan dalam membangun disiplin anak mereka yaitu melalui membangun komunikasi dengan menggunakan bahasa cinta dari anak mereka, dengan menjadikan dirinya teladan yang bisa dicontoh oleh anaknya, memberikan ruang untuk anak bertumbuh serta mengeksplore dirinya, dan melalui tindakan tegas dalam kasih.
Assessment of metabolic syndrome among known population: A community survey

Background: The metabolic syndrome is characterized by clustering of various interlinked risk factors such as abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, pro inflammatory state, and a prothrombotic state. The present study was conducted to assess MetS among known population. Materials & Methods: 280 subjects of metabolic syndrome (MetS) of both genders age ranged from 20-70 years were included. Body mass index (BMI), hip circumference (HC), waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL- C), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were estimated. Results: The mean BMI (Kg/m2) in males was 50.3 and in females was 48.1, SBP (mm Hg) was 128.4 in males and 126.4 in females, DBP (mm Hg) was 84.2 in males and 80.4 in females, TG (mg/dl) was 146.2 in males and 132.2 in females, cholesterol (mg/dl) was 185.2 in males and 186.2 in females, HDL-C (mg/dl) was 40.8 in males and 43.6 in females, LDL-C (mg/dl) was 118.2 in males and 116.0 in females and FBS (mg/dl) was 102.4 in males and 98.4 in females. The difference was non- significant (P> 0.05). Age >40 years had 3.4 times, BMI (>25 Kg/m2) had 4.6 times, cholesterol (>200mg/dl) had 1.5 times, hypertension had 2.31 times and diabetes had 5.39 times risk of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated risk factors was high among male adults.
Efficacy of class IV laser in the management of musculoskeletal pain: 
a systematic review

Introduction. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the main reason for disability in the world, causing pain and functional loss. Class IV laser is a recent treatment proposed for pain reduction in MSDs, although studies supporting its use and dosage are limited. The purpose of the paper was to describe the efficacy of class IV laser in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain. Methods. Randomized clinical trials were identified in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and ScienceDirect databases by a search on August 31, 2020. Three independent investigators reviewed article titles and abstracts for eligibility. Risk of bias and quality were evaluated with the Cochrane risk of bias tool and PEDro scale. Decreased pain was considered the main outcome; range of motion, strength, or disability were secondary outcomes. Results. A total of 50 articles were obtained after eliminating duplicates, reduced to 7 after selection criteria application. MSDs included patellofemoral dysfunction ( n = 1), epicondylitis ( n = 1), osteoarthritis ( n = 1), cervicalgia ( n = 3), and lumbar radiculo­ pathy ( n = 1). The studies had a low risk of bias and a PEDro score greater than 7. Pain reduction was observed at the end of laser treatments and in follow­up evaluations ( p < 0.005); the decrease in disability favoured laser management ( p < 0.005). Conclusions. Class IV laser is effective in reducing pain and improving function in patients with MSDs. Further research is necessary to establish a consensus on the dosage and obtain more evidence in MSDs of non­articular origin.
Growth and organic solutes accumulation in seedlings of Caatinga tree species in response of water deficit and potassium

Drought stress negatively influences a variety of essential physiological process for plant growth and biomass production, and potassium contributes to the absorption of water and maintaining cell turgor, being crucial to understand the seedlings water stress responses. This research aimed to verify the effects to water deficiency and potassium on the growth and accumulation of organic solutes in Myracrodruon urundeuva, Libidibia ferrea, and Mimosa tenuiflora. The treatments were distributed in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme, with three water levels (100%pc - control, 50%pc - moderate water deficit, and 25%pc - severe water deficit) and three doses of potassium (0, 97.5 and 195 mg dm-3 K). The plants were sown in black plastic bags, containing 5 kg of soil. Were evaluated plant height, stem diameter, and leaf concentrations of total soluble sugars, total free amino acids, and proteins. The water deficit caused a reduction in the growth of M. urundeuva and M. tenuiflora plants, regardless of the added potassium. The plants of M. urundeuva and M. tenuiflora were not demanding in potassium, while potassium fertilization with 97.5 mg dm-3 K favored L. ferrea plants, especially when kept under moderate water deficit. The moderate water deficit promoted accumulation of total free amino acids and soluble proteins in M. urundeuva, while in L. ferrea there was accumulation of total free amino acids under severe water deficit. Increase in the potassium promoted reduction in the concentrations of total soluble sugars and soluble proteins.