Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A graphene quantum dot decorated SrRuO3 mesoporous film as an efficient counter electrode for high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells

Hydrothermally synthesized electrically conductive perovskite strontium ruthenate (SrRuO3) nanoparticles were added into a binder solution and then cast onto fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass to form a mesoporous SrRuO3 counter electrode (CE) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The high porosity and large specific surface area of the SrRuO3 CE allows easier and faster diffusion of electrolyte into the pores and involves more triiodide (I3−) in the redox reaction, thereby resulting in a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE, 7.16%) than that of our published research on sputtered SrRuO3 film CEs (6.48%). Furthermore, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) endowed with excellent intrinsic catalytic activity and high conductivity were decorated onto the SrRuO3 CE by a dipping technique to form a SRO–GQD hybrid. The synergistic effect of SrRuO3 and GQDs contributes to more active catalytic sites as well as faster ion diffusion and electron transfer than a pristine SrRuO3 CE, thereby resulting in increased electrocatalytic ability towards I3− reduction. As a result, our fabricated DSSCs based on the optimized SRO–GQD CE achieve an impressive PCE of 8.05%, much higher than that of the reference device assembled with a conventional platinum (Pt) CE (7.44%). The SRO–GQD CE also exhibits an excellent long-term electrochemical stability in I3−/I− electrolyte. Overall, the SRO–GQD hybrid can be considered as a highly efficient Pt-free CE for practical applications of DSSCs.
Tailoring molecular termination for thermally stable perovskite solar cells

Interfacial engineering has made an outstanding contribution to the development of high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we introduce an effective interface passivation strategy via methoxysilane molecules with different terminal groups. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) has increased from 20.97% to 21.97% after introducing a 3-isocyanatopropyltrimethoxy silane (IPTMS) molecule with carbonyl group, while a trimethoxy[3-(phenylamino)propyl] silane (PAPMS) molecule containing aniline group deteriorates the photovoltaic performance as a consequence of decreased open circuit voltage. The improved performance after IPTMS treatment is ascribed to the suppression of non-radiative recombination and enhancement of carrier transportation. In addition, the devices with carbonyl group modification exhibit outstanding thermal stability, which maintain 90% of its initial PCE after 1500 h exposure. This work provides a guideline for the design of passivation molecules aiming to deliver the efficiency and thermal stability simultaneously.
A Smart City Economy Supported by Service Level Agreements: A Conceptual Study into the Waste Management Domain

The full potential of smart cities is not yet realized, and opportunities continue to exist in relation to the business models which govern service provision in cities. In saying this, we make reference to the waste services made available by councils across cities in the United Kingdom (UK). In the UK, smart waste management (SWM) continues to exist as a service trialed across designated cities, and schemes are not yet universally deployed. This therefore exists as a business model which might be improved so that wider roll-out and uptake may be encouraged. In this paper, we present a proposal of how to revise SWM services through integrating the Internet service provider (ISP) into the relationship alongside home and business customers and the city council. The goal of this model is to give customers the opportunity for a more dynamic and flexible service. Furthermore, it will introduce benefits for all parties, in the sense of more satisfied home and business owners, ISPs with a larger customer base and greater profits, and city councils with optimized expenses. We propose that this is achieved using personalized and flexible SLAs. A proof-of-concept model is presented in this paper, through which we demonstrate that the cost to customers can be optimized when they interact with the SWM scheme in the recommended ways.
Chemomechanics of non-stoichiometric oxide films for energy conversion

Electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices including solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are enabled by materials known as "non-stoichiometric oxides" that contain large concentrations of point defects such as oxygen or lithium vacancies. While this non-stoichiometry provides the essential functional properties of ionic conductivity or reactivity that make these materials useful, it also tends to couple to material volume through the effect of chemical expansion. Chemical expansion, or volume coupled to defect concentration, is in turn tied to mechanical variables including stress, strain, and elastic constants. This electrochemomechanical coupling, or interaction between functional properties, defect chemistry, and mechanical variables, can have important consequences for devices operated in extreme environments, where unexpected stress may lead to fracture, or well-engineered strain may enhance device efficiency. Such effects are particularly important in thin film devices, where strain engineering is within reach, undesired fracture can devastate performance, and defect chemistry and related properties can differ from bulk systems. In this thesis, we present a concerted investigation of chemomechanical coupling, including interactions between material chemistry, environmental conditions, stress, strain, and mechanical properties, for films of the model material PrxCe1−xO2−δ (PCO) that is a fluorite-structured oxide relevant to SOFC applications. PCO is an excellent model system because of its well-established defect chemistry model and known thermal and chemical expansion coefficients. The thesis begins by first characterizing key chemomechanical effects in PCO, including electrochemically induced high temperature actuation and nonstoichiometry-dependent mechanical properties that are modulated by environmental conditions including temperature and oxygen partial pressure. We then explore the mechanisms and microstructural contributions to these effects via computational modeling and high temperature transmission electron microscopy, identifying ways in which chemomechanical effects in thin film non-stoichiometric oxides differ from those in bulk. Finally, we extend the experimental and computational methods developed in the thesis to characterizing similar effects in Li-storage materials, demonstrating the broad applicability of results across the classes of non-stoichiometric oxides. We first describe an experimental study in which we developed a novel method of detecting chemical expansion on short time scales in the model system PCO and characterized material deformation for a range of conditions of temperature and effective oxygen partial pressure (pO2). In this method, electrically-stimulated chemical expansion caused mechanical deflection of a substrate, an effect that for PCO was enhanced for elevated temperatures
New Business Model For Creative Agency Through Influencer Marketing

ABSTRACT Influencer Marketing is seen as one of the best strategies to bring in potential customers when using social media marketing by leveraging the masses of Influencers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the phenomenon of influencer marketing, business models and decision making in the use of influencers in marketing activities for creative agency business people. In this study, we will analyze the social relationships of individuals or groups because influencer marketing can be an appropriate reference group. This study use s secondary data contained in books, white papers, journals, articles which is the basis for a literature review, while primary data uses direct surveys with 200 respondent to social media active users . From the results of this study, it can be concluded that influencers have a significant role in the business processes of creative agencies. Where influencers who have quite significant followers and the variety of content they create make it attractive to consumers. Keywords : Influencer Marketing, Electronic Word of Mouth, Social Media Marketing. ABSTRAK Pemasaran Influencer dipandang sebagai salah satu strategi terbaik untuk mendatangkan pelanggan potensial saat menggunakan pemasaran media sosial dengan memanfaatkan massa Influencer. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis fenomena influencer marketing, model bisnis dan pengambilan keputusan dalam penggunaan influencer dalam kegiatan pemasaran bagi para pelaku bisnis creative agency . Dalam penelitian ini, kami akan menganalisis hubungan sosial individu atau kelompok karena influencer marketing dapat menjadi kelompok referensi yang tepat. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang terdapat dalam buku, white paper , jurnal, artikel yang menjadi dasar dari literature review, sedangkan data primer menggunakan survey langsung dengan 200 responden pengguna aktif media sosial. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa influencer memiliki peran yang signifikan dalam proses bisnis agensi kreatif. Dimana influencer yang memiliki followers cukup signifikan dan variasi konten yang mereka buat membuatnya menarik bagi konsumen. Kata kunci : Influencer Marketing , Electronic Word of Mouth , Social Media Marketing.
Mapping European Rice Paddy Fields Using Yearly Sequences of Spaceborne Radar Reflectivity: A Case Study in Italy

Although a vast literature exists on satellite-based mapping of rice paddy fields in Asia, where most of the global production takes place, little has been produced so far that focuses on the European context. Detection and mapping methods that work well in the Asian context will not offer the same performance in Europe, where different seasonal cycles, environmental contexts, and rice varieties make distinctive features dissimilar to the Asian case. In this context, water management is a key clue; watering practices are distinctive for rice with respect to other crops, and within rice there exist diverse cultivation practices including organic and non-organic approaches. In this paper, we focus on satellite-observed water management to identify rice paddy fields cultivated with a traditional agricultural approach. Building on established research results, and guided by the output of experiments on real-world cases, a new method for analyzing time-series of Sentinel-1 data has been developed, which can identify traditional rice fields with a high degree of reliability. Typical watering practices for traditional rice cultivation leave distinctive marks on the yearly sequence of spaceborne radar reflectivity that are identified by the proposed classifier. The method is tested on a small sample of rice paddy fields, built by direct collection of ground reference information. Automated setting of parameters was sufficient to achieve accuracy values beyond 90%, and scanning of a range of values led to touch full score on an independent test set. This work is a part of a broader initiative to build space-based tools for collecting additional pieces of evidence to support food chain traceability; the whole system will consider various parameters, whose analysis procedures are still at their early stages of development.
Application of Vine-Shoot Chips during Winemaking and Aging of Malbec and Bonarda Wines

The growing demand in recent years for sustainable wine production has led to the management of waste and by-products. Among them, vine-shoots could be used as additives comparable to the oak fragments widely employed in enology. This work analyzes the feasibility of applying vine-shoot chips during winemaking and the aging of Malbec and Bonarda wines from Mendoza (Argentina) and evaluates their chemical and sensory impact. Toasted (CHT) and untoasted (CHWT) vine-shoot chips obtained from a Bonarda vineyard were added in Malbec and Bonarda grapes during winemaking (Experiment A): C, control; CHWT, 12 g/L; CHT, 12 g/L. Furthermore, the same treatments were applied during aging (1M, 30 days; 2M, 60 days; 4M, 120 days) to the finished wines under controlled conditions (Experiment B). The impact of vine-shoot chips during winemaking was different between varieties. For Malbec alone, CHT caused a significant decrease in tannins, anthocyanins, and polymeric pigments, and a modification of wine color. During aging, CHWT and CHT had an impact mainly at the sensory level, increasing the wine’s complexity in terms of aromatic attributes and mouthfeel. In conclusion, the proposed technology could be a simple and economical tool for red wine production of high chemical and organoleptic quality.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Ammonia and Methane Emissions from Pig Slurries: Slurry Composition and Dietary Factors

Reducing crude protein is a recommended technique to reduce nitrogen excretion and ammonia emissions. Greenhouse gas emissions from slurry are also affected by nutrient composition. However, there are interactions among nutrients in feeds still not clarified. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of different diets on nitrogen (N) and energy balances. A total of 13 diets were evaluated in digestibility trials using 78 animals. Diets were formulated to fulfil commercial standards, although differing in ingredient composition. Nutrient intake, excretion and potential NH 3 and CH 4 (Biochemical methane potential) emissions from slurry were measured. Animal weight was also monitored. Correlations between emissions and nutrient balance components were done. An analysis of variance was conducted to assess differences in nutrient balance of low, medium and high emitting animals, expressing animals per kg of live weight increased. For the N balance, a two-fold range in faeces to urine N excretion ratio was found throughout the experiments, even considering the low crude protein variations (from 15 to 16%). This was related to the ammonia emissions from slurry (r = -0.60, p<0.001). In fact, the amount of crude protein ingested to increase 1 kg of metabolic weight was positively correlated with the associated emissions (r=0.58, p<0.001). However, this was more related to the consumption by the animal than to the crude protein, which was relatively stable among diets. The difference between animals associated with high or low NH3 emissions per weight gain was therefore related to urine losses due to excess N intake. The energy balance shows that methane potential from slurry was mainly related to the excretion of indigested feed components, mainly the fibrous fraction (particularly the soluble fibre). It was clear that animals emitting high amounts of methane were those with higher dry matter and energy ingestion. The results of this study demonstrate relevant effects on N and energy balances at diets formulated according to commercial standards.
Behavior of Spanish durum wheat genotypes against Zymoseptoria tritici: resistance and susceptibility

Aim of study: Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the fungus Zymoseptoria tritici , is one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide, affecting both bread and durum wheat. The lack of knowledge about the interaction of durum wheat with Z. tritici, together with limited resources of resistant durum wheat material, have both led to a rising threat for durum wheat cultivation, particularly in the Medi terranean Basin. In Spain, STB has increased its incidence in the last few years, leading to higher costs of fungicide applications to control the disease. Therefore, identification of new sources of resistance through wheat breeding stands out as an efficient method of facing STB. Area of study: The experimental study was conducted in growth chambers at the IFAPA facilities in Córdoba (Spain). Material and methods: The percentage of necrotic leaf area, the disease severity, and the pycnidium development through image analysis were evaluated from 48 durum wheat Spanish accessions (breeding lines and commercial cultivars) in growth chambers against an isolate of Z. tritici from Córdoba. Main results: Two breeding lines and six commercial cultivars showed resistant responses by limiting STB development through the leaf or its reproduction ability, while the other 40 accessions presented a susceptible response. Research highlights: Provided these resources of resistance in Spanish durum wheat genotypes, future breeding programs could be developed, incorporating both agronomic traits and resistance to STB.
Distributed polymer optical fiber sensors: a review and outlook

Aging degradation and seismic damage of civil infrastructures have become a serious issue for society, and one promising technology for monitoring their conditions is optical fiber sensing. Glass optical fibers have been predominantly used for the past several decades to develop fiber sensors, but currently polymer or plastic optical fibers (POFs) have also been used extensively to develop advanced fiber sensors because of their unique features, such as high flexibility, large breakage strain, and impact resistance. This review focuses on recently developed distributed and quasi-distributed POF-based sensing techniques based on Rayleigh scattering, Brillouin scattering, and fiber Bragg gratings.
Removal of Cr(III)/Cr(VI) from wastewater using defective porous boron nitride: a DFT study

Developing highly-efficient adsorbent materials for the removal of Cr(III)/Cr(VI) ions from industrial wastewater is of great importance for environmental pollution control. In this work, density functional theory was used to model the adsorption capacities of Cr(III)/Cr(VI) ions on defective porous boron nitride (p-BN). Our results suggest that both nitrogen (VN) and boron (VB) vacancies contribute to the adsorption of Cr(III)/Cr(VI) ions on p-BN. In the case of a VN defect, the calculated adsorption energy (Eads) values are 3.76 eV and 4.58 eV for single Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions, respectively, whereas, in the case of a VB defect, the Eads values are 8.55 eV and 10.26 eV for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions, respectively. The analysis of the electronic structure reveals that defective levels in the energy gap region strongly affect the adsorption performance of p-BN as an adsorbent. More importantly, we clarify that the strong adsorption of Cr(III)/Cr(VI) ions on defective p-BN is indeed chemical adsorption and not dispersion or electrostatic attraction. High coverage of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions and the effect of water solvent molecules were also taken into account. These findings indicate that defective p-BN is an excellent candidate for the removal of Cr(III)/Cr(VI) ions from wastewater.
Biomass Burning Smoke and Its Influence on Clouds Over the Western U. S.

Small cumulus clouds over the western United States were measured via airborne instruments during the wildfire season in summer of 2018. Statistics of the sampled clouds are presented and compared to smoke aerosol properties. Cloud droplet concentrations were enhanced in regions impacted by biomass burning smoke, at times exceeding 3,000 cm−3. Images and elemental composition of individual smoke particles and cloud droplet residuals are presented and show that most are dominantly organic, internally mixed with some inorganic elements. Despite their high organic content and relatively low hygroscopicity, on average about half of smoke aerosol particles >80 nm diameter formed cloud droplets. This reduced cloud droplet size in small, smoke‐impacted clouds. A number of complex and competing climatic impacts may result from wide‐spread reductions in cloud droplet size due to wildfires prevalent across the region during summer months.
Probing Interaction between Individual Submonolayer Nanoislands and Bulk MoS2 Using Ambient TERS

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) has shown that detecting single molecules with a high spatial resolution is possible in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) at low temperature with plasmonic metallic substrates. It is still challenging to probe interactions of molecules with semiconductors, which is important in biosensing, photovoltaics, and many other applications. Here we demonstrate that in ambient conditions it is possible to obtain Raman signals from submonolayer molecular islands on bulk MoS2 using TERS. Analysis of relative Raman signal intensity ratio and Raman spectral peak position from spatial TERS mapping showed differences in the adsorbate–adsorbate and adsorbate–substrate interactions on Au and MoS2 substrates. The Raman transition which involves the vibration of the metal center of the CuPc molecule experienced a change in the relative Raman signal intensity ratio due to the differences in the molecule–substrate charge transfer interaction. In comparison to the other vibrational modes, the vibrat.
The Dynamic Analysis of the Cash Flows on ATM

Based on the time series of cash flows on ATM, the varying rule of with-drawal is analyzed. The model of autoregression and moving average is established by Matlab and the reliability is checked. According to the model, the cash flows on ATM are forecasted in the coming 10 days. It is important for banks to prepare the cash.
Interface Modification by Ionic Liquid: A Promising Candidate for Indoor Light Harvesting and Stability Improvement of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are currently attracting significant interest owing to their promising outdoor performance. However, the ability of indoor light harvesting of the perovskites and corresponding device performance are rarely reported. Here, the potential of planar PSCs in harvesting indoor light for low‐power consumption devices is investigated. Ionic liquid of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF4) is employed as a modification layer of [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester) (PCBM) in the inverted PSCs. The incorporation of [BMIM]BF4 not only paves the interface contact between PCBM and electrode, but also facilitates the electron transport and extraction owing to the efficient passivation of the surface trap states. Moreover, [BMIM]BF4 with excellent thermal stability can act as a protective layer by preventing the erosion of moisture and oxygen into the perovskite layer. The resulting devices present a record indoor power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 35.20% under fluorescent lamps of 1000 lux, and an impressive PCE of 19.30% under 1 sun illumination. The finding in this work verifies the excellent indoor performance of PSCs to meet the requirements of eco‐friendly economy.
Identification and classification of brain tumor through mixture model based on magnetic resonance imaging segmentation and artificial neural network

Detection of brain tumor in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is vital as it delivers data about unusual tissues which is essential for planning treatment. Automating this method is challenging due to the high variety in appearance of tumor tissue among dissimilar patients and in many circumstances, comparison between tumor and normal tissue. In this article, we presented a mixture model based segmentation and classification of brain MRI for tumor identification. The proposed robust mixture estimator combining trimming of the outliers is based on component wise confidence level ordering of observations. The proposed method consists of three stages. In the first stage, the brain MRI is segmented into white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and outliers by ordering of observations. In second stage, outliers consists of tumor cells in which eight type of features Contrast, Correlation, Homogeneity, Energy, Entropy, Standard deviation, Skewness, and Kurtosis are extracted. In the third stage, the extracted features are trained by Artificial Neural Network (ANN)and based on this a brain tumor identification scheme is established to examine those features to judge whether brain tumor is present in the given image or not. Experimental results indicate that the proposed classification method has achieved 93.47% in sensitivity, 100% in specificity, and 96.34% accuracy with less computational time based on the number of extracted features when compared to earlier classification methods.