Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OS4M: Achieving Global Load Balance of MapReduce Workload by Scheduling at the Operation Level

The efficiency of MapReduce is closely related to its load balance. Existing works on MapReduce load balance focus on coarse-grained scheduling. This study concerns fine-grained scheduling on MapReduce operations, with each operation representing one invocation of the Map or Reduce function. By default, MapReduce adopts the hash-based method to schedule Reduce operations, which often leads to poor load balance. In addition, the copy phase of Reduce tasks overlaps with Map tasks, which significantly hinders the progress of Map tasks due to I/O contention. Moreover, the three phases of Reduce tasks run in sequence, while consuming different resources, thereby under-utilizing resources. To overcome these problems, we introduce a set of mechanisms named OS4M (Operation Scheduling for MapReduce) to improve MapReduce's performance. OS4M achieves load balance by collecting statistics of all Map operations, and calculates a globally optimal schedule to distribute Reduce operations. With OS4M, the copy phase of Reduce tasks no longer overlaps with Map tasks, and the three phases of Reduce tasks are pipelined based on their operation loads. OS4M has been transparently incorporated into MapReduce. Evaluations on standard benchmarks show that OS4M's job duration can be shortened by up to 42%, compared with a baseline of Hadoop.
Unconstrained duals and their use in achieving all-uses coverage

Testing takes a considerable amount of the time and resources spent on producing software. It would therefore be useful to have ways 1) to reduce the cost of testing and 2) to estimate this cost. In particular, the number of tests to be executed is an important and useful attribute of the entity "testing effort". All-uses coverage is a data flow testing strategy widely researched in recent years. In this paper we present spanning sets of duas for the all-uses coverage criterion. A spanning set of duas is a minimum set of duas (definition-use associations) such that a set of test paths covering them covers every dua in the program. We give a method to find a spanning set of duas using the relation of subsumption between duas. Intuitively, there exists a natural ordering between the duas in a program: some duas are covered more easily than others, since coverage of the former is automatically guaranteed whenever the latter are covered. Those duas that are the most difficult to be covered according to this ordering are called unconstrained. A spanning set of duas is composed of unconstrained duas. Our results are useful for reducing the cost of testing, since the generation of test paths can be targeted to cover the smaller spanning set of duas, rather than all those in a program. On the other hand, assuming that a different path is taken to cover each dua in a spanning set, the cardinality of spanning sets can be used to estimate the cost of testing. Other interesting uses of spanning sets of duas are also discussed.
Stent placement above the sphincter of Oddi permits implementation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with initially unresectable Klatskin tumor

Background and study aims: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) may lead to a successful margin-negative resection in patients with initially unresectable locally advanced Klatskin tumor (IULAKT). Use of removable plastic stents is preferable for the safe implementation of NAC in patients with IULAKT to reduce the risk of recurrent cholangitis. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy associated with the use of plastic stents placed across the stenosis and above the papilla (above stent) during NAC. Patients and methods: In this study, we stratified the patients into two groups chronologically with respect to the period of stent placement: above stent group (n = 17) and across stent group (n = 23) (plastic stent across the sphincter of Oddi). Results: The median stent patency period was 99 days in the above stent group and 31 days in the across stent group (P < 0.0001). The number of stents (P = 0.017) and the rate of emerging undrained cholangitis areas (P = 0.025) were significantly reduced in the above stent group than the counterpart. Regarding time to recurrent biliary obstruction, the above stent group had a longer duration than the across stent group (log rank test, P = 0.004). Length of hospital stay was significantly shorter for the above stent group than the across stent group (P = 0.0475). Multivariate analysis revealed that above stent placement (odds ratio = 33.638, P = 0.0048) was significantly associated with stent patency over a period of 90 days. Conclusions: Above stent placement should be considered for the relief of biliary obstruction and potentially reduces the cost for patients with IULAKT scheduled to receive NAC.
Comparison of parametric and Random Forest MICE in imputation of missing data in survival analysis

3 Results 6 3.1 Fully observed variables . 6 3.2 Partially observed variable . 8 3.3 Pairwise comparisons between methods . 8 3.3.1 Comparison of bias . 8 3.3.2 Comparison of precision . 9 3.3.3 Comparison of confidence interval length . 9 3.3. 4 Comparison of confidence interval coverage . 9
A simulated annealing algorithm to support the sensor placement for target location

In this paper, we develop an algorithm to cope with the sensor placement problem for target location under constraints of cost limitation and complete coverage. We adopt the grid-based placement scenario that deploys exact one sensor in one grid point at most. A target in a grid point can be positioned by a set of sensors whose transmission radius covers the grid point. The optimal sensor placement for target location is to find a sensor deployment such that targets can be positioned in any grid point of the sensor fields. However, due to the cost limitation, the optimal sensor deployment cannot be achieved frequently. Consequently, the positioning accuracy is the major issue of the problem. The distance error is one of the most natural criteria to measure the positioning accuracy. In this paper, the distance error of two indistinguishable grid points is defined as the Euclidean distance between them. We formulate the sensor placement problem as a combinatorial optimization problem for minimizing the maximum distance error in the sensor field under constraints. The sensor placement problem is NP-complete for arbitrary sensor fields. We present an efficient algorithm that is based on the simulated annealing approach to address the problem. We first compare our algorithm with the brute force approach in the case of smaller sensor fields. The evidence indicates that our algorithm can find the optimal sensor placement under the minimum cost limitation. Moreover, the simulation results also show that the proposed algorithm is very superior in terms of the positioning accuracy even in the case of larger sensor fields.
Regular Polyhedral Lattices of Genus 2: 11 Platonic Equivalents?

The paper observes Euler’s formula for genus 2 regular polyhedral lattices is obeyed by at most 11 cases of the Schlafli symbol {p,q}, where p is the number of edges of each face and q the number of faces meeting at each vertex. At least one example is given for the ‘first’ 6 cases, but not for their 5 ‘duals’. The examples are known from various sources, but their present classification suggests they are lookalikes of classical Platonic equivalents. An ‘artistic’ corollary is the observation that hyperbolic geometry models can be constructed using Zometool. Euler’s Formula on a Spreadsheet Euler’s (-Poincare’s) formula for polyhedra states that V + F – E = 2 – 2g (1), where V stands for the number of vertices, F for the number of faces, E for the number of edges and g for the genus. The Schlafli symbol {p,q} specifies the number of edges p of each face and the number of faces q meeting at each vertex. Since any edge joins two vertices and has two adjacent faces, pF = 2E = qV. The substitution of E = pF/2 and V = pF/q in Euler’s formula implies the following expressions for V, F and E:
9. Rehabilitation and return-to-sports activity after debridement and bone marrow stimulation of osteochondral talar defects.

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MISCAST: MIssense variant to protein StruCture Analysis web SuiTe

Abstract Human genome sequencing efforts have greatly expanded, and a plethora of missense variants identified both in patients and in the general population is now publicly accessible. Interpretation of the molecular-level effect of missense variants, however, remains challenging and requires a particular investigation of amino acid substitutions in the context of protein structure and function. Answers to questions like ‘Is a variant perturbing a site involved in key macromolecular interactions and/or cellular signaling? ’, or ‘Is a variant changing an amino acid located at the protein core or part of a cluster of known pathogenic mutations in 3D? ’ are crucial. Motivated by these needs, we developed MISCAST (missense variant to protein structure analysis web suite; http://miscast.broadinstitute.org/). MISCAST is an interactive and user-friendly web server to visualize and analyze missense variants in protein sequence and structure space. Additionally, a comprehensive set of protein structural and functional features have been aggregated in MISCAST from multiple databases, and displayed on structures alongside the variants to provide users with the biological context of the variant location in an integrated platform. We further made the annotated data and protein structures readily downloadable from MISCAST to foster advanced offline analysis of missense variants by a wide biological community.
Tell Me What You Want: Embedding Narratives for Movie Recommendations

Recommender systems are efficient exploration tools providing their users with valuable suggestions about items, such as products or movies. However, in scenarios where users have more specific ideas about what they are looking for (e.g., they provide describing narratives, such as "Movies with minimal story, but incredible atmosphere, such as No Country for Old Men"), traditional recommender systems struggle to provide relevant suggestions. In this paper, we study this problem by investigating a large collection of such narratives from the movie domain. We start by empirically analyzing a dataset containing free-text narratives representing movie suggestion requests from reddit users as well as community suggestions to those requests. We find that community suggestions are frequently more diverse than requests, making a recommendation task a challenging one. In a prediction experiment, we use embedding algorithms to assess the importance of request features including movie descriptions, genres, and plot keywords, by computing recommendations. Our findings suggest that, in our dataset, positive movies and keywords have the strongest, whereas negative movie features have the weakest predictive power. We strongly believe that our new insights into narratives for recommender systems represent an important stepping stone towards novel applications, such as interactive recommender applications.
Five new genera of the subfamily Psilodercinae (Araneae: Ochyroceratidae) from Southeast Asia

Five new genera of the spider family Ochyroceratidae with remarkable palpal and epigynal characters are described: Luzonacera Li & Li, gen. nov. , Qiongocera Li & Li, gen. nov. , Relictocera Li & Li, gen. nov. , Sinoderces Li & Li, gen. nov., and Thaiderces Li & Li, gen. nov. Six new species are described based on specimens collected in China, Philippines, Vietnam, and Thailand: Luzonacera chang Li & Li, sp. nov. , Luzonacera duan Li & Li, sp. nov. , Qiongocera hongjunensis Li & Li, sp. nov. , Relictocera qiyi Li & Li, sp. nov. , Sinoderces nawanensis Li & Li, sp. nov., and Thaiderces jian Li & Li, sp. nov. In addition, two Psiloderces species are transferred to other genera: Sinoderces exilis (Wang & Li, 2013) comb. nov. and Thaiderces vulgaris (Deeleman-Reinhold, 1995) comb. nov. All type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing.
Clinical characteristics of bloodstream infections associated with endemic Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones

Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes life-threatening infections in both community and hospital settings and is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). We sought to describe the molecular epidemiological landscape of patients with MRSA bloodstream infections (BSIs) at an urban medical center by evaluating the clinical characteristics associated with infection with the major endemic clones. Methods Extensive clinical data extraction from the electronic health records of 225 patients (August 2014 to April 2017) with MRSA bacteremia was collected. The descriptive epidemiology and mortality associated with the two dominant clonal complexes (CCs) was compared by univariate and multivariate analyses of clinical features as well as stratified analysis by HAI definitions. Results Analysis of first positive, single-patient MRSA isolates revealed that 91% of the MRSA BSIs were one of two genotypes, CC5 (N=116) or CC8 (N=109). The MRSA BSIs were associated with high all-cause in-hospital (23%) and overall (39%) mortality. Aside from the association between age and CC5, few of the other 45 variables reached statistical significance. One notable exception was peripheral intravenous catheters as infection source, which was associated with the CC8 clone (OR=6.27 95% CI [1.72-22.90]). Conclusions The descriptive epidemiology of MRSA BSIs in a quaternary urban facility revealed few clinical features distinguish BSIs with the major MRSA clones. The CC8 was associated with infection with peripheral intravenous catheters, suggesting skin colonization from the community presenting as a hospital-onset infection. Ongoing monitoring and analysis of the dynamic epidemiology of this endemic pathogen is crucial to inform management and forestall disease.
Cyanide Leaching Chemistry of Platinum-Group Metals '

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Fused Thoracic Vertebrae in Birds: Their Occurrence and Possible Significance

The notarium, a group of fused thoracic vertebrae, is characteristic of birds of five orders and is found in one or more families of five more orders of non-passerine birds . Sixteen patterns of variation in the number of vertebrae in the notarium and of unfused vertebrae between it and the synsacrum were found. The occurrence of these patterns in the groups having a notarium is tabulated. Selective factors favoring the evolution of fusion of these vertebrae may have included the shock induced by landing on hard substrates or of striking prey and the prevention of downward bending of the ends of the thoracic portion of vertebral column while the birds are in flight. Phylogenetic implications of the presence of a notarium in several groups are discussed. The notarium of Os dorsale of birds is a group of fused thoracic vertebrae usually separated by one or more unfused vertebrae from the anteriormost vertebra of the synsacrum (Baumel 1979: 93, 112). Although it was described and figured as early as 1856 (Barkow 1856: pl. II), I have found little more than casual mention of it in the literature. It therefore seems worthwhile to survey the distribution of this structure among the orders and families of birds, to describe the variation in the numbers of vertebrae in the notarium and between it and the synsacrum, to speculate on its possible adaptive significance, and to discuss phylogenetic implications of its presence. This study is based on examination of skeletons in the U. S. National Museum of Natural History, the Field Museum of Natural History, and the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Skeletons of all families of non-passerine birds, as well as those of all the suborders and superfamilies and most of the families of passerine birds, were examined. I am grateful to Dr. Richard L. Zusi for permitting me to use the first collection and for other assistance in the project, to Dr. John Fitzpatrick for permission to use the collection of the Field Museum, and for Steven M. Goodman for obtaining data from the Field Museum and the U.S. National Museum of Natural History, as well as for helpful criticism of the manuscript. It is an honor to offer this paper to the Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology for its Jubilee number and a pleasure to compliment the Institute on the fine morphological work done there. In birds, the number of vertebrae varies both between and within species, ranging from 39 in some passerines to 63 in some swans (Portmann 1950: 79). This makes it all but impossible to determine homologies between thoracic vertebrae of different species, * Museum of Zoology and Division of Biological Sciences , The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Volume Doubling Measures and Heat Kernel Estimates on Self-Similar Sets

This paper studies the following three problems. 1. When does a measure on a self-similar set have the volume doubling property with respect to a given distance? 2. Is there any distance on a self-similar set under which the contraction mappings have the prescribed values of contractions ratios? 3. When does a heat kernel on a self-similar set associated with a self-similar Dirichlet form satisfy the Li-Yau type sub-Gaussian diagonal estimate? Those three problems turns out to be closely related. We introduce a new class of self-similar set, called rationally ramified self-similar sets containing both the Sierpinski gasket and the (higher dimensional) Sierpinski carpet and give complete solutions of the above three problems for this class. In particular, the volume doubling property is shown to be equivalent to the upper Li-Yau type sub-Gaussian diagonal estimate of a heat kernel. Received by the editor May 26, 2005; and in revised form September 18, 2006. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 28A80, 60J35; Secondary 31C25, 60J45.
Plant Transposable Elements: Biology and Evolution 2

2.4 Influence of Host Biology on Transposable Element Proliferation . 24 2.4. 1 Effective Population Size . 24 2.4. 2 Breeding System . 24 2.4. 3 Recombination Rates Shape the Chromosomal Distribution of Transposable Elements . 25
Herbal therapies in gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders: An evidence-based clinical review

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the liver constitute the major organs of the human body. Indeed, the very survival of the human body depends on their proper functioning. Because the GIT is a huge and complex organ system, the maintenance of proper GIT and liver health is an arduous task. GIT disturbances such as diarrhea, stomach ache, flatulence, constipation, nausea, and vomiting are very common, and they contribute to a significant burden on the healthcare system. Pharmacies are full of over-the-counter pharmacological drugs to alleviate its common conditions. However, these drugs do not always prove to be fully effective and patients have to keep on living with these ailments without a proper and long-term solution. The aim of this review article is to present a practical reference guide to the role of herbal medicines in dealing with gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders, which is supported by systematic reviews and evidence-based trials. People have depended on herbal medications for centuries for the treatment of various ailments of the GIT, liver, and other organ system problems. Recently, this trend of incorporating herbal medication for the treatment of various diseases in both developing and developed countries have surged. Many people continue to use herbal medications, even though substantial data about their efficacy, uses, and toxicological effects do not exist. In addition, while herbal medicines have enormous benefits in both the prevention and the treatment of medical ailments, they can also have toxicological effects. It is, therefore, of the utmost importance that appropriate time, energy, and resources are spent on the development of ethnopharmacology. In addition, herbal products should be classified in a pattern similar to pharmacological medications, including their uses, side effects, mechanism of action, efficacy, and so on.
Refined exposure assessment of sucrose esters of fatty acids (E 473) from its use as a food additive

Abstract The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provides a scientific opinion on the exposure assessment of sucrose esters of fatty acids (E 473) when used as a food additive. The Panel previously adopted scientific opinions on the safety of sucrose esters of fatty acids (E 473). In the 2010 opinion, the Panel concluded that, based on the data available, the additional use of the sucrose esters of fatty acids (E 473) may lead to exposures in excess of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 40 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day for sucrose esters of fatty acids (E 473) and sucroglycerides (E 474) established by EFSA in 2004. In 2012, an update on the exposure assessment of sucrose esters of fatty acids (E 473) was delivered as new data were submitted to EFSA providing use levels of sucrose esters of fatty acids as a surface treatment for fresh fruits and the resulting residual levels in fruit. This assessment also resulted in exposure estimates of sucrose esters of fatty acids (E 473) exceeding the ADI, although considerably lower than those estimated in 2010. The current exposure assessment is based on the recent methodology used in the re‐evaluation of food additives together with reported use levels received following a call for data in 2014. New consumption data were also available since then. The Panel noted that the current exposure estimates to sucrose esters of fatty acids (E 473) exceeded the ADI of 40 mg/kg bw per day for many population groups; especially toddlers and children and that assuming that sucrose esters of fatty acids (E 473) is not used in the 24 food categories where data was not provided, these estimates very likely overestimated the real exposure to sucrose esters of fatty acids (E 473).
Relationship Between Defense Mechanisms and the Quality of Life in Women With Breast Cancer

Background: Patients with breast cancer often experience severe psychological distress after awareness of cancer and during the course of treatment, and have lower physical and psychological quality in their life. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between defense mechanisms in cancer patients with various aspects of their quality of life. Methods: The present study is a correlational study. Participants were 96 women with breast cancer who were referred and hospitalized at Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran in summer of 2015 and were selected by convenience sampling. They completed defense mechanisms and general quality of life questionnaires. Data were analyzed using canonical correlation model. Results: Two significant canonical functions were identified in data. First canonical function showed that too much use of displacement and regression defense mechanisms are accompanied with low level of quality of life in physical, cognitive and role aspects. Second canonical function showed that too much use of reaction formation and projection defense mechanisms are associated with lower levels of quality of life in cognitive and role aspects. Conclusions: Paying attention to psychological factors and defense mechanisms that are used by cancer patients could help clinical therapists to make very effective mental health interventions.
ROLE OF CELL WALL HYDROLASES IN FRUIT RIPENING

CELL WALL STRUCTURE AND RIPENING-ASSOCIATED CHANGES . " . 676 Cellulose 677 Hemicellulose 678 Pectin . 679 Other Cell Wall Components " . " . " . " . " . 681 CELL WALL HYDRO LASES . 681 Polygalacturonase . , . 682 Pectinmethylesterase. 686 Cx-Cellulase . 687 Other Cell Wall Hydrolases 688 CELL WALL HYDROLASE FUNCTION DURING FRUIT RIPENING 689 Physical. Genetic. and Biochemical Modification of Cell Wall Hydrolase Activity 689 Molecular Genetic Modification of Cell Wall Hydrolase Activity ". 690 FUTURE PROSPECTS . 695