Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of hole injection and electroluminescence by ordered Ag nanodot array on indium tin oxide anode in organic light emitting diode

We report the enhancement of hole injection and electroluminescence (EL) in an organic light emitting diode (OLED) with an ordered Ag nanodot array on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) anode. Until now, most researches have focused on the improved performance of OLEDs by plasmonic effects of metal nanoparticles due to the difficulty in fabricating metal nanodot arrays. A well-ordered Ag nanodot array is fabricated on the ITO anode of OLED using the nanoporous alumina as an evaporation mask. The OLED device with Ag nanodot arrays on the ITO anode shows higher current density and EL enhancement than the one without any nano-structure. These results suggest that the Ag nanodot array with the plasmonic effect has potential as one of attractive approaches to enhance the hole injection and EL in the application of the OLEDs.
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 88:377-379, August 1976 NGC 5694: A GLOBULAR CLUSTER ESCAPING FROM THE GALAXY?

Received 1976 April 1 A redetermination of the radial velocity and distance of the globular cluster NGC 5694 reveals that with . respect to the galactic center it lies at r = 26 ± 5 kpc with a velocity of vc\ _< — 273 ± 19 km s . The escape velocity at the location of the cluster is uesc = 190 ± 35 km s~ 1 for a conventional mass model of the Galaxy, which would indicate that NGC 5694 is indeed in a hyperbolic orbit. Alternatively, assuming the cluster to be in a bound orbit would require the galactic halo within r ~ 25 kpc to contain a mass > 0.8 X 10 f Q, comparable with that of the disk.
DOUBLE ABSORPTION LINES IN THE SPECTRUM OF R ANDROMEDAE

The red star RAndromedae is a long-period variable of period 410 days, mean range in visual magnitude 7.0-14.6, spectral type Se. A well-exposed spectrogram of the infrared, covering Xk 6660-8810, dispersion 6.8 A/mm, was obtained with the 200-inch telescope on November 11, 1956, with an exposure time of 152 minutes in fair seeing. The emulsion was I-N hypersensitized by an ammonia bath. The visual magnitude was 6.2, the phase one month after an unusually bright maximum. On this spectrogram many atomic lines have two narrow absorption components, one in the normal position, the other 23 km/sec (0.6Â) shortward. Table I summarizes the more interesting multiplets measured. The last two columns give the measured radial velocity of the two components. The radial velocity measured in 1954 was 10 km/sec.1 In the preceding column is given the estimated intensity of the shortward component relative to that of the one in the normal position. The pronounced differences in the relative intensities of the components of various lines are remarkable. The displaced components of Ki-1 and Rbi-1, elements with very low ionization potentials, for example, are about twice as strong as the normal components, while the displaced components of Y i-l and Zr i-l are scarcely visible, although the normal lines are quite strong. It does not appear possible to explain all the differences by blending with other lines. These effects deserve detailed examination ; they may result from a complex interplay of emission and absorption at various levels of the star's atmosphere, although if this is true it is surprising that the displacements are so nearly constant. An expanding stellar shell of some sort is strongly suggested by
The initial data partially overlapping the period of the reduction in the 23rd and the period of the growth and maximum of the 24th cycles of solar activity

The mutual correlation between cosmic ray flux variations and average daily global temperatures of various layers of the troposphere and stratosphere of the Earth in the period from the second half of the 23rd cycle of solar activity until recently with values ranging from –0.21 to –0.5, depending on the altitude above the Earth’s surface, is studied. A method for plotting a combined spectral periodogram is used to exam ine the temporal structure of the above data and to identify common groups of quasi harmonic components with periods ranging from several days to six months. DOI: 10.3103/S1062873815050196
Experimental investigation of high power picosecond 1.06 μm pulse propagation in Bragg fibers

In this paper we present fabrication and characterization of the laboratory-designed Bragg fiber. The fiber consisted of a silica core with the diameter of 26 μm surrounded by 3 pairs of circular Bragg layers with a refractive index contrast up to 0.033. Spectral attenuation was measured using a halogen lamp source and the cut-back method resulting in the attenuation coefficient of 0.175 dB/m at 1064 nm. Experiments on high power laser radiation delivery were performed using a laboratory-designed passively mode-locked Nd:YAG laser system generating pulses with the duration of 20 ps and energy of 15 μJ at the wavelength of 1064 nm. The attenuation coefficient measurements resulted in a value of 0.168 ± 0.005 dB/m. The delivered beam spatial profile was detected in the far-field zone in the distance of ~1 cm from the fiber output face. The beam had a circular symmetry with almost Gaussian intensity profile. Bending losses were measured on 1-m long fiber segments using mandrels with different diameters. The bending losses were equal to zero at mandrel diameters greater than 50 mm. Decreasing the mandrel diameter, the bending losses were slightly increasing to a value of 3.6 dB/turn at the mandrel diameter of 8 mm. Stimulated Raman scattering in the fiber was also investigated. The Raman threshold intensity in the fiber core for a 1-m long fiber segment was 113 GWcm2. In a 48-m long fiber, generation up to the 3rd Stokes component was observed together with the spectral broadening up to 1650 nm.
Cross-cultural adaptation of the Arabic version of the Waterloo Footedness Questionnaire-Revised: WFQ-Ar

Background and purpose: Evaluating footedness is of great importance to clinical and behavioral research. The purpose of the current study is to translate the Waterloo Footedness Questionnaire-Revised (WFQ-R) to the Arabic language and investigate its psychometric properties. Methods: Two independent forward translations were performed by two native Arabic speakers; and then synthesized into one version. The synthesized version was back translated into English by two independent bilingual translators. An expert committee was formed to review the translation and adaptation process. A final Arabic version of the WFQ-R was obtained. In order to test the internal consistency, reliability, and validity of the Arabic WFQ-R, adult Arabic speakers were recruited to participate in this study. Results: For the cross-cultural adaptation, only one item was changed in order to express its conceptual meaning. Analysis showed an absence of floor and ceiling effect for the Arabic WFQ-R. Results of construct validity showed that all items of the translated WFQ-R have one dimension. For internal consistency of the Arabic WFQ-R, Cronbach alpha was excellent (0.93). ICC values showed excellent test-retest reliability (0.94). The Bland-Altman plot showed acceptable agreement between test and retest scores. Conclusion: The Arabic WFQ-R is valid, reliable and ready for use among the Arabic speaking population for determining footedness.
Detection of fast neutrons with the pixel detector Timepix3

We examined the response of the pixel detector Timepix3 with silicon sensor to well-defined fast neutron fields. Part of the pixel detector silicon sensor was additionally equipped with a neutron mask of distinct converter regions. The mask consists of separate thermal and fast neutron regions using 6LiF and hydrogen (plastic) converters, respectively. Measurements were performed with mono-energetic fast neutrons produced at D-D and D-T sources from a Van de Graaff accelerator and a neutron generator, respectively. Data were collected with low background including measurements with moderator material to provide a thermalized neutron component. All the signals produced in the detector were analyzed and decomposed in terms of the spectral-tracking response of the pixel detector. The effect of the fast and thermal components of the neutron converter were determined and compared with direct interactions in the silicon sensor which are significant and can be dominant for fast neutrons. We identify and classify the neutron-induced tracks in terms of the broad-type particle-event track classes. A partial overlap is unavoidable with tracks from direct detection of other radiations in particular protons and low-energy light ions as well as X rays. This will limit the neutron-event discrimination in mixed-radiation fields. The detection response according sensor-mask region was examined and calibrated for the investigated neutron fields. The neutron detection efficiency is selectively derived for the detector particle-event classes. This approach enables to enhance the neutron-discrimination and suppress background and unwanted events. This work enables to extend the response matrix of the detector for broad-type radiations to include neutrons both fast and thermal. The results serve to enhance the sensitivity and determine the neutron component in unknown and mixed-radiation fields such as outer space and particle radiotherapy environments.
Sign of the hall coefficient in hopping-type charge-transport

Abstract A prescription for the sign of the Hall coefficient for holes relative to that for electrons in hopping-type charge-transport is developed. In particular, it is found that when the elementary jump-process involves three sites ('three-site’ Hall effect), the sign for holes is the same as that for electrons—in direct contradiction to conventional semi-conductor theory; for the ‘four-site’ Hall effect, the sign for holes is opposite to that for electrons—in agreement with the conventional theory. Applications of this result to a number of special cases, including the Hall effect in the ‘atomic’ limit of the Hubbard model, are discussed.
Mean Field Analysis of Controlled Cucker-Smale Type Flocking: Linear Analysis and Perturbation Equations

Abstract This paper presents a linear analysis and perturbation equations in the synthesis of Cucker-Smale (C-S) type flocking via Mean Field (MF) stochastic control theory. In this model the state of each individual agent consists of both its position and its controlled velocity and all agents have similar stochastic dynamics. The agents are coupled via their nonlinear individual cost functions which are based on the C-S flocking algorithm in its original uncontrolled formulation. The MF system of equations approximates this stochastic system of individual agents as the population size goes to infinity. The key result is that C-S flocking behaviour may be obtained as a Nash dynamic competitive game equilibrium. After reviewing the case with linear cost coupling, we present the perturbation (i.e., linearized) equations of the nonlinear MF system of equations around the Gaussian solution of the linear cost coupling case.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Dried Red Jujube Fruit Extract Against Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Hepatotoxicity

Background A liver injury could impair the integration of the body’s organ system, which may cause complications that can lead to death. The dried red jujube fruit extract has the potential to protect the liver from toxic substances through its antioxidant properties. Aims To determine and analyze the hepatoprotective effect of dried red jujube fruit extract on aminotransferase levels against acetaminophen-induced acute hepatotoxicity. Methods Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. The negative control group (G1) received carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC-Na) 1%. The positive control group (G2) received acetaminophen. The treatment group G3 received dried red jujube fruit extract 70 mg/kg BW + acetaminophen, G4 received dried red jujube fruit extract 140 mg/kg BW + acetaminophen, and G5 received dried red jujube fruit extract 280 mg/kg BW + acetaminophen. Dried red jujube fruit extract was given for 10 consecutive days. Acetaminophen (3 g/kg BW) was given on the ninth day. Blood samples were collected, and aminotransferase levels were measured on the 11th day. Results Kruskal-Wallis comparison test showed significant differences (p < 0.01) between all groups on alanine aminotransferase (ALT; p = 0.003) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST; p = 0.001) levels. Mann-Whitney post hoc test showed significant differences (p < 0.01) between G2:G3, G2:G4, and G2:G5 groups on ALT and AST levels. Pearson correlation test showed a significant negative correlation (p < 0.01; r = -1) between all given doses of dried red jujube fruit extract on ALT (p = 0.000; r = -0.778) and AST (p = 0.000; r = -0.774) levels. Conclusion The dried red jujube fruit extract has a hepatoprotective effect on aminotransferase levels against acetaminophen-induced acute hepatotoxicity at 70 mg/kg BW, 140 mg/kg BW, and 280 mg/kg BW (the most effective dose), and there was a negative correlation between all doses and the aminotransferase levels.
Safety evaluation and pharmacodynamics of minocycline hydrochloride eye drops

Purpose: This study evaluated the safe dosage of minocycline hydrochloride (Mino) eye drops and investigated the potential for the prevention or reduction of retinal damage in a diabetic rat model. Methods: Various concentrations of Mino were applied to human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) to determine the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). The safety of Mino eye drops was evaluated on Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat eyes by slit-lamp examination, electroretinography (ERG), histology, and TUNEL assay. Eye drops (1 mg/ml) were applied to the streptozotocin-induced diabetic SD rats. Clinical observations, ERG analyses, and optical coherence tomography analyses were performed monthly for five months. Eyes were then analyzed via histology, blood-retinal barrier function assay, and retinal vascular staining. Results: Cytotoxicity analysis using HCECs revealed that the IC50 was 250 µg/ml. Safety analyses in healthy SD rats showed that Mino eye drops did not demonstrate any ocular toxicity. Pharmacodynamics analysis showed that retinal thickness at three months was greater in the Mino group than in the non treated (NT) group. The peak times and amplitudes of each program were better in the Mino group than in the NT group at each time point by ERG analyses. Histology examinations showed a thinner ganglion cell layer, fewer ganglion cells, and more dilated blood vessels in the NT group than in the Mino group. Conclusion: Mino eye drops at 1 mg/ml were safe when used in SD rats. Mino eye drops can protect the retina from the development or progression of diabetic retinopathy.
Piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity in vinylidene fluoride/trifluoroethylene copolymers

Piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties have been investigated in the 52/48, 65/35, and 73/27 mol % copolymers of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene. The transverse and longitudinal piezoelectric constants as well as the elastic constant were determined for undrawn samples as a function of the remanent polarization Pr created by a room‐temperature poling. The elastic constant shows a significant increase with increasing Pr. Thus, the d constant (polarization/stress) tends to saturate at high Pr. On an assumption of elastic isotropy, true e31 and e33 (polarization/strain) were calculated. It is found that e33 is proportional to Pr with a coefficient of −1.2 in three copolymers while e31 is almost zero. The results indicate that the piezoelectric activity in undrawn copolymers primarily arises from macroscopic dimensional changes while molecular dipoles are rigid. The pyroelectric constant p3 and the thermal expansion coefficient α3 were also measured in mechanically‐free samples. By the use of e31.
Differential protein expression of GABA A receptor alpha 1 subunit and calbindin in rat spermatozoa associated with proteomic analysis in testis following methamphetamine administration

Methamphetamine (METH) can induce spermatogenesis impairment, testicular apoptosis, and abnormal sperm quality. It also promotes changes in the expression of receptors for sex hormones and neurotransmitters, including GABA receptors in the testis. Proteomic assessment focusing on proteins involved in the calcium signalling pathway in the testis can facilitate diagnostic factors contributing to testicular and sperm functions, especially those related to spermatogenesis and fertilisation. In this study, we proposed to determine the localisation and differential expression of GABA A receptor alpha 1 subunit (GABA A-α1) in the spermatozoa of METH-administered rats. The differential proteomic profile of the testis was also observed by focusing on proteins in the KEGG pathways belonging to the calcium signalling pathway. There were 212 differentially expressed proteins in the rat testis, based on the cut-off value of 1.2-fold change. Most of those proteins, 13 proteins, were classified in the calcium signalling pathway, including 4 down-regulated and 9 up-regulated proteins. An immunolocalisation study of the GABA A-α1 receptor and calbindin revealed their localisation in the equatorial segment of the head in the rat spermatozoa. The expression of calbindin is also found in the middle piece of sperm. An increase in GABA A-α1 receptor in rat spermatozoa was correlated with an increase in abnormal sperm motility and morphology after methamphetamine exposure. Moreover, calbindin expression in sperm decreased in METH-administered rats. All our findings demonstrate that METH influences intracellular calcium homeostasis by acting through the calcium signalling pathway-associated proteins. Moreover, it might disrupt ion homeostasis in sperm through the GABA A-α1 receptor and calbindin, triggering a change in intracellular calcium and chloride ions. These changes may cause abnormalities in spermatogenesis, testicular apoptosis, and sperm quality impairment.
Assessing pH‐dependent activities of virulence factors secreted by Candida albicans

Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that can thrive under adverse conditions including suboptimal pH, nutrient scarcity, and low levels of oxygen. Its pathogenicity is associated with the production of virulence factors such as extracellular hydrolytic enzymes and toxins. This study was aimed at determining the effect of external pH, substrate nature, and strain origin on protease, lipase, and hemolysin production. To achieve this objective, agar plate assays were performed at pH 5.0, 6.5, and 7.5 with substrates suitable for the detection of each family of enzymes. Moreover, the study was conducted with 20 clinical C. albicans isolates from blood, oral cavity, skin, urine, and vagina. The hydrolytic zones formed around the colonies were further measured to calculate the Ez (enzymatic zone) indexes. We found that detection of proteases in skim milk agar plates was possible for most isolates only at pH 5 (80%) and pH 6.5 (75%), whereas BSA plates could confer protease detection exclusively at pH 5 (80%). Similarly, the percentage of isolates possessing lipolytic activities was higher at pH 5 (90%) than at pH 6.5 (70%) and pH 7.5 (35%). In contrast, hemolytic activities were detected in all isolates at pH 6.5 and 7.5 but not at pH 5. Further analysis revealed that some differences in the detected activities could potentially be attributed to the anatomical origin of these isolates. Collectively, these findings suggest that the pH of the site of infection might be critical for mimicking the microenvironment employed to experimentally discover the key virulence factors.
Birefringent cadmium–telluride-based metamaterial

A CdTe-based optical metamaterial, with large induced optical birefringence (4%), has been produced and its optical properties fully characterized and modeled over the spectral range 1500– 450 nm. This metamaterial, which is related to mesoporous silica, is made using electrochemical deposition in the presence of a lyotropic liquid crystal template. This process produces a stoichiometric CdTe film containing a hexagonal array of ∼4.2nm cylindrical pores with interpore separation ∼6.5nm. A model of the dielectric properties of the films indicates that their birefringence can be entirely attributed to the film’s nanoporosity.
BRDF study of gray-scale Spectralon

Satellite instruments operating in the reflective solar wavelength region often require accurate and precise determination of the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) of laboratory based diffusers used in their pre-flight calibrations. In this paper we present gray Spectralon BRDF measured using a monochromatic broadband source at ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared wavelengths. By comparing these results, we quantitatively examine the wavelength and geometrical scatter properties of gray-scale Spectralon. The Spectralon diffusers with specified hemispherical reflectances of 2%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 99% were measured using P and S incident polarized light over a range of incident and scatter angles. The measurements are compared, and the influence of material composition on the BRDF is described. The future application of gray-scale Spectralon in the calibration of spaceborne sensors is described. All data were obtained using the out-of-plane scatterometer located in NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center's Diffuser Calibration Facility. The results are NIST traceable.
The dimension of an orbitope based on a solution to the Legendre pair problem

The Legendre pair problem is a particular case of a rank-$1$ semidefinite description problem that seeks to find a pair of vectors $(\mathbf{u},\mathbf{v})$ each of length $\ell$ such that the vector $(\mathbf{u}^{\top},\mathbf{v}^{\top})^{\top}$ satisfies the rank-$1$ semidefinite description. The group $(\mathbb{Z}_\ell\times\mathbb{Z}_\ell)\rtimes \mathbb{Z}^{\times}_\ell$ acts on the solutions satisfying the rank-$1$ semidefinite description by $((i,j),k)(\mathbf{u},\mathbf{v})=((i,k)\mathbf{u},(j,k)\mathbf{v})$ for each $((i,j),k) \in (\mathbb{Z}_\ell\times\mathbb{Z}_\ell)\rtimes \mathbb{Z}^{\times}_\ell$. By applying the methods based on representation theory in Bulutoglu [Discrete Optim. 45 (2022)], and results in Ingleton [Journal of the London Mathematical Society s(1-31) (1956), 445-460] and Lam and Leung [Journal of Algebra 224 (2000), 91-109], for a given solution $(\mathbf{u}^{\top},\mathbf{v}^{\top})^{\top}$ satisfying the rank-$1$ semidefinite description, we show that the dimension of the convex hull of the orbit of $\mathbf{u}$ under the action of $\mathbb{Z}_{\ell}$ or $\mathbb{Z}_\ell\rtimes\mathbb{Z}^{\times}_\ell$ is $\ell-1$ provided that $\ell=p^n$ or $\ell=pq^i$ for $i=1,2$, any positive integer $n$, and any two odd primes $p,q$. Our results lead to the conjecture that this dimension is $\ell-1$ in both cases. We also show that the dimension of the convex hull of all feasible points of the Legendre pair problem of length $\ell$ is $2\ell-2$ provided that it has at least one feasible point.