Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of IEP Quality Associated With Special Education Placement for Students With Complex Support Needs

Students with complex support needs require individualized education programs (IEPs) to describe their present levels of academic achievement and functional performance (PLAAFP), and the annual goals and supplementary aids and services (SAS) that will be provided to enable them to make progress in the least restrictive environment. Previous research has found that IEPs do not reflect recommended practices and that IEP quality varies by educational placement in inclusive and separate class settings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a national sample of IEPs of elementary-aged students with complex support needs to determine whether placement predicts IEP quality. We used multilevel regression to measure the extent to which placement predicts overall IEP quality as well as the quality of IEP components, including PLAAFP, goals, and SAS. We did not detect statistically significant differences in IEP quality by placement for any of these IEP components or for overall quality; instead, we found the IEPs consistently failed to meet quality indicators across all four placement types. Given these findings, we suggest implications for future research aimed at improving IEP quality for students with complex support needs.
Dipole Incompatibility Related Artifacts in Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping

Artifacts in quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) are analyzed to establish an optimal design criterion for QSM inversion algorithms. The magnetic field data is decomposed into two parts, dipole compatible and incompatible parts. The dipole compatible part generates the desired non-streaking solution. The dipole incompatible part, including noise, discretization error, and anisotropy sources, generates artifacts defined by a wave propagator with the B0 field direction as the time axis. Granular noise causes streaking and contiguous error causes both streaking and shadow artifacts. As an example, truncation-based QSM algorithms are inherently prone to streaking artifacts because of the deviation of the dipole kernel during truncation. Through numerical phantom and imaging experiments, several QSM methods, including a Bayesian regularization method and the k-space truncation methods, were compared to show that the Bayesian approach with a structural prior provides advantages in terms of both image quality and quantitative measures.
Transition to turbulence when the Tollmien–Schlichting and bypass routes coexist

Plane Poiseuille flow, the pressure-driven flow between parallel plates, shows a route to turbulence connected with a linear instability to Tollmien–Schlichting (TS) waves, and another route, the bypass transition, that can be triggered with finite-amplitude perturbation. We use direct numerical simulations to explore the arrangement of the different routes to turbulence among the set of initial conditions. For plates that are a distance $2H$ apart, and in a domain of width $2\unicode[STIX]{x03C0}H$ and length $2\unicode[STIX]{x03C0}H$ , the subcritical instability to TS waves sets in at $Re_{c}=5815$ and extends down to $Re_{TS}\approx 4884$ . The bypass route becomes available above $Re_{E}=459$ with the appearance of three-dimensional, finite-amplitude travelling waves. Below $Re_{c}$ , TS transition appears for a tiny region of initial conditions that grows with increasing Reynolds number. Above $Re_{c}$ , the previously stable region becomes unstable via TS waves, but a sharp transition to the bypass route can still be identified. Both routes lead to the same turbulent state in the final stage of the transition, but on different time scales. Similar phenomena can be expected in other flows where two or more routes to turbulence compete.
Branes : cosmological surprise and observational deception

Using some supernovae and CMB data, we constrain the Cardassian, Randall-Sundrum, and Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati brane-inspired cosmological models. We show that a transient acceleration and an early loitering period are usually excluded by the data. Moreover, the three models are equivalent to some usual quintessence/ghost dark energy models defined by a barotropic index $\gamma_\phi$ depending on the redshift. We calculate this index for each model and show that they mimic a universe close to a $\Lambda CDM$ model today.
Financing Biomedical Innovation

We review the recent literature on financing biomedical innovation, with a specific focus on the drug development process and how it may be enhanced to improve outcomes. We begin by laying out stylized facts about the structure of the drug development process and its associated costs and risks, and we present evidence that the rate of discovery for life-saving treatments has declined over time while costs have increased. We make the argument that these structural features require drug development (i.e., biopharmaceutical) firms to rely on external financing and at the same time amplify market frictions that may hinder the ability of these firms to obtain financing, especially for treatments that may have large societal value relative to the benefits going to the firms and their investors. We then provide an overview of the evidence for various types of market frictions to which these drug development firms are exposed and discuss how these frictions affect their incentive to invest in the development of new drugs, leading to underinvestment in valuable treatments. In light of this evidence, numerous studies have proposed ways to overcome this funding gap, including the use of financial innovation. We discuss the potential of these approaches to improve outcomes.
PHENIX results on system size dependence of J/$\psi$ nuclear modification in $p, d,$ $^3$He+A collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$=200 GeV

The dissociation of quarkonia in the medium created in heavy ion collisions is still one of the most debated topics in the heavy ion community. Progress in understanding the effect relies on a broad range of measurements in collisions with different nuclear sizes, covering a broad rapidity range. This presentation will report the $J/\psi$ measurements performed by the PHENIX collaboration at forward and backward rapidities of 1.2 $< |y| <$ 2.2 in $p$+Al, $p$+Au, and $^3$He+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV, and the corresponding nuclear modification factors.
Implication of Sterile Fermions in Particle Physics and Cosmology

The neutrino mass generation mechanism, the nature of dark matter and the origin of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe are three compelling questions that cannot be accounted for in the Standard Model of particle physics. In this thesis we focus on all these issues by providing a possible solution in terms of a minimal extension of the Standard Model, consisting in the addition of a set of sterile fermions to the field content of the theory. Sterile fermions are gauge singlet fields, that can interact via mixing with the active neutrinos. We focus on the Inverse Seesaw mechanism, which is characterised by a low (TeV or lower) new physics scale and that can be tested in current and future experimental facilities. We present the model building analysis that points towards the minimal realisations of the mechanism, and the phenomenological study in order to accommodate light neutrino masses and to impose all the relevant experimental constraints in the model, as well as the expected experimental signatures. We show the viability of the sterile neutrino hypothesis as dark matter component, together with the characteristic features of this scenario in the minimal Inverse Seesaw mechanism. The possibility of successfully accounting for the baryon asymmetry in a testable realisation of the leptogenesis mechanism is also addressed.On the other side it is important to look for manifestations of sterile fermions in laboratory experiments. We address this point by making predictions for the expected rates of rare lepton number violating decays of vector bosons, that can be mediated by sterile fermions, as well as by studying the impact of sterile fermions on global fit of electroweak precision data.
Infection by Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium DT104 Modulates Immune Responses, the Metabolome, and the Function of the Enteric Microbiota in Neonatal Broiler Chickens

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium incites salmonellosis in many different species including chickens and human beings. Acute salmonellosis was studied in neonatal broiler chicks by orally inoculating 2-day-old chicks with S. Typhimurium DT104. The temporal impact of disease (1, 2, and 4 days post-inoculation) on the structure and function of the enteric microbiota, on the bird’s immune response in the ileum, cecum, and colon, and on the metabolome of digesta, breast muscle, liver, serum, and hippocampus were examined. Substantive histopathologic changes were observed in the small and large intestine, including the colon of chicks inoculated with S. Typhimurium, and increased in magnitude over the experimental time period. A variety of inflammatory genes (IFNγ, IL8, IL10, INOS, MIP1β, TGFβ2, TLR4, and TLR15) were temporally regulated. In addition, the metabolome of ileal digesta, breast muscle, liver, serum, and hippocampus was temporally altered in infected chicks. Although the structure of bacterial communities in digesta was not affected by S. Typhimurium infection, metabolomic analysis indicated that the function of the microbiota was changed. Collectively, the study findings demonstrate that infection of neonatal chicks by S. Typhimurium imparts a temporal and systemic impact on the host, affecting the immune system, the metabolome, and the function of the enteric microbiota.
How the huge energy of quantum vacuum gravitates to drive the slow accelerating expansion of the Universe

We investigate the gravitational property of the quantum vacuum by treating its large energy density predicted by quantum field theory seriously and assuming that it does gravitate to obey the equivalence principle of general relativity. We find that the quantum vacuum would gravitate differently from what people previously thought. The consequence of this difference is an accelerating universe with a small Hubble expansion rate H∝Λe-βGΛ→0 instead of the previous prediction H=8πGρvac/3∝GΛ2→∞ which was unbounded, as the high energy cutoff Λ is taken to infinity. In this sense, at least the “old” cosmological constant problem would be resolved. Moreover, it gives the observed slow rate of the accelerating expansion as Λ is taken to be some large value of the order of Planck energy or higher. This result suggests that there is no necessity to introduce the cosmological constant, which is required to be fine tuned to an accuracy of 10-120, or other forms of dark energy, which are required to have peculiar negative pressure, to explain the observed accelerating expansion of the Universe.
Quantum renormalization group of the XY model in two dimensions

We investigate entanglement and quantum phase transition in a two-dimensional Heisenberg anisotropic spin-$1/2\mathit{XY}$ model, using the quantum renormalization-group method (QRG) on a square lattice of $N\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}N$ sites. The entanglement through geometric average of concurrences is calculated after each step of the QRG. We show that the concurrence achieves a nonzero value at the critical point more rapidly as compared to the one-dimensional case. The relationship between the entanglement and the quantum phase transition is studied. The evolution of entanglement develops two saturated values corresponding to two different phases. We compute the derivative of the concurrence, which is found to be discontinuous at the critical point $\ensuremath{\gamma}=0$, and indicates a second-order phase transition in the spin system. Further, the scaling behavior of the system is investigated by computing the derivative of the concurrence in terms of the system size.
Atomic Absorption Line Diagnostics for the Physical Properties of Red Supergiants

Red supergiants (RSGs) are evolved massive stars that represent extremes, in both their physical sizes and their cool temperatures, of the massive star population. The effective temperature (Teff) is the most critical physical property needed to place an RSG on the Hertzsprung–Russell Diagram, due to the stars’ cool temperatures and resulting large bolometric corrections. Several recent papers have examined the potential utility of atomic line equivalent widths (EWs) in cool supergiant (CSG) spectra for determining Teff and other physical properties and found strong correlations between Ti i and Fe i spectral features and Teff in earlier-type CSGs (G and early K) but poor correlations in M-type stars, a spectral subtype that makes up a significant fraction of RSGs. We have extended this work by measuring the EWs of Ti, Fe, and Ca lines in late K- and M-type RSGs in the Milky Way, Large Magellanic Cloud, and Small Magellanic Cloud, and compared these results to the predictions of the theoretical stellar LTE atmosphere models (MARCS) stellar atmosphere models. Our analyses show a poor correlation between Teff and the Fe i and Ti i lines in our observations (at odds with strong correlations predicted by stellar atmosphere models), but do find statistically significant correlations between Teff and the Ca ii triplet (CaT) features of Milky Way RSGs, suggesting that this could be a potential diagnostic tool for determining Teff in M-type supergiants. We also examine correlations between these spectral features and other physical properties of RSGs (including metallicity, surface gravity, and bolometric magnitude), and consider the underlying physics driving the evolution of atomic line spectra in RSGs.
Prevalence and Severity of Lower Gastrointestinal Symptoms amongst Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients experience a wide range of symptoms that deteriorate their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We aimed to estimate the prevalence and severity of lower gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in non-dialysis CKD adult outpatients, and to summarize the relationships between these symptoms and HRQoL, laboratory test results, and clinical data. The protocol of the study was preregistered (PROSPERO CRD42021255122). We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and grey literature sources from the databases’ inception up until 27 November 2021. Wide citation chasing was conducted. Single proportions (prevalence of functional constipation, self-reported constipation, diarrhea, abdominal bloating, fecal incontinence, and abdominal/rectal pain) were pooled using generalized linear mixed models. A total of 37 studies with 12,074 patients were included. We found that lower GI symptoms, especially self-reported abdominal bloating [CKD G1–2: 48.45% (95% CI: 43.5–53.4%; 2 studies); G3: 46.95% (95% CI: 45.0–48.9%; 2 studies), G4–5: 36.1% (95% CI: 25.4–48.5%; 8 studies)] and constipation [CKD G1–2: 31.8% (95% CI: 13.9–54.9%); G3: 29.8% (95% CI: 21.2–40.1%; 4 studies); G4–5: 38.8% (95% CI: 30.9–47.4%); 22 studies)], were common in non-dialysis CKD patients. The severity of the symptoms was limited. Self-reported constipation was most consistently associated with worse HRQoL, whereas hard stool consistency was associated with higher uremic toxins levels. To conclude, since lower GI symptoms are common in CKD, using symptom questionnaires that do not take them into account cannot provide full insight into the patient’s experience. Further studies are needed to cover identified knowledge gaps, including the exploration of the pathophysiology of GI symptoms in CKD with multi-omics data.
Numerical Galaxy Catalog. I. A Semianalytic Model of Galaxy Formation with N-Body Simulations

We construct the Numerical Galaxy Catalog (νGC), based on a semianalytic model of galaxy formation combined with high-resolution N-body simulations in a Λ-dominated flat cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model. The model includes several essential ingredients for galaxy formation, such as merging histories of dark halos taken directly from N-body simulations, radiative gas cooling, star formation, heating by supernova explosions (supernova feedback), mergers of galaxies, population synthesis, and extinction by internal dust and intervening H I clouds. As the first paper in a series using this model, we focus on basic photometric, structural, and kinematical properties of galaxies at present and at high redshift. Two sets of model parameters are examined, strong and weak supernova feedback models, which are in good agreement with observational luminosity functions of local galaxies within observational uncertainties. Both models agree well with many observations of, e.g., cold gas mass-to-stellar luminosity ratios of spiral galaxies, H I mass functions, galaxy sizes, faint galaxy number counts and photometric redshift distributions in optical passbands, isophotal angular sizes, and cosmic star formation rates. In particular, the strong supernova feedback model is in much better agreement with near-infrared (K′-band) faint galaxy number counts and redshift distribution than the weak-feedback model and our previous semianalytic models based on the extended Press-Schechter formalism. Observed Tully-Fisher relations for bright galaxies and color-magnitude relations for dwarf elliptical galaxies in clusters of galaxies are broadly reproduced, but no agreement with observations is obtained over whole ranges. Nevertheless, they show improvements over results produced by other semianalytic models. A direction to be pursued in overcoming the remaining problems is also discussed. We find that the resolution of N-body simulations, which is down to 3 × 109 M☉ for the minimum mass of dark halos consisting of 10 dark matter particles in our model, plays a significant role in galaxy formation, and that merging histories of dark halos directly taken from N-body simulations produce results different from models based on the extended Press-Schechter model even if the mass function of dark halos at present is set to be the same as that obtained by the same N-body simulations used here.
A necessary and sufficient condition for conservation of angular momentum at foot strike during passive dynamic walking

Legged robots can walk stably down slopes without any actuation or control. The locomotion is called passive dynamic walking. Its dynamics at foot strike are governed by impact forces. The impulsive dynamics have been modelled in several approaches, where all the approaches assume that the stance leg instantaneously loses contact with the ground at foot strike. The loss-of-contact assumption has been introduced so as to guarantee conservation of angular momentum at foot strike; however, it is shown in this paper that the loss-of-contact assumption is neither necessary nor sufficient for that purpose. This paper provides a necessary and sufficient condition for conservation of angular momentum at foot strike in a modelling framework for multibody dynamics with impact. A compass-like biped robot is considered in this paper. Its impulsive dynamics are modelled by the relationship between impact forces and change of momentum with constraints. A necessary and sufficient condition for conservation of angular momentum is derived by examining the validity of foot velocities and impact forces in the impulsive model.
PREDIKSI KEBANGKRUTAN DENGAN METODE ANN, SVM, DAN CART PADA PERUSAHAAN PROPERTI, KONSTRUKSI, DAN INDUSTRI SEJENIS YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI

Sifat ketidakpastian dalam sektor konstruksi, properti, real estate dan industri sejenis membuat sektor ini rentan menghadapi financial distress. Saat ini, metode yang digunakan untuk memprediksi status finansial perusahaan adalah pendekatan linier, sedangkan tidak semua variabel menunjukkan korelasi linear terhadap kesehatan finansial sebuah perusahaan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menemukan model prediksi yang paling akurat dalam memprediksi indikasi financial distress dengan menggunakan kecerdasan buatan(AI). Metode AI yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ANN, SVM, dan CART. Metode ini digunakan untuk menganalisis tiga dataset rasio keuangan dari model peneliti terdahulu pada prediksi tiga dan lima tahun. Hasil terbaik dari pengolahan data kemudian dianalisis dengan confusion matrix untuk menentukan metode yang memiliki tingkat akurasi tertinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode ANN memiliki tingkat akurasi paling tinggi terbanyak. Dataset dari peneliti Cheng et al. (2014) memiliki tingkat akurasi tertinggi pada hasil prediksi tiga tahun dengan metode CART dan lima tahun dengan menggunakan metode ANN.
Photocatalytic Decolorization of Dye with Self-Dye-Sensitization under Fluorescent Light Irradiation

A dye-sensitization technique was applied to effective catalysts—TiO2 and ZnO—under fluorescent light irradiation for Orange II (OII) and Methyl Orange (MO) degradations. Treatments were carried out at different time periods using 20 mg of catalysts and 30 mL of 5 mg/L of OII and MO. The degradation efficiency of OII and MO increased with increasing irradiation time under irradiation of fluorescent light. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles was better compared with that of TiO2 for MO; and the ZnO activity was the same as TiO2 for OII photodegradation. Kinetic behavior was evaluated in terms of the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model (pseudo-first order kinetic). The possible mechanism of photodegradation under fluorescent light was discussed.
Modelling electricity power cuts in the UK

We consider a compound Poisson model for electricity power cuts. Cuts occur at rate ? and we associate with the ith cut a duration L i and size C i , where L i and C i are heavy tailed and positively correlated. Development of the model is complicated by the fact that we have no direct observations of (L i , C i ). Rather, if N is the number of power cuts in a year, we have observations of ? i=1 N C i L i and ? i=1 N C i . This necessitates the use of a parsimonious model for (L i , C i ), and we base ours on the Pareto distribution. To fit the model we apply kernel density estimation to simulated data to obtain estimates of the likelihood, which we then maximise using stochastic optimisation.
MRI Bone Abnormality of the Knee following Ultrasound Therapy: Case Report and Short Review

Ultrasound (US) therapy in sports and medical pathologies is widely used by many physiotherapists and sports medicine clinicians; however, data regarding their potential side effects remain rare. We report a case of a 21-year-old woman with iliotibial band (ITB) syndrome treated with a physiotherapy session combined with US therapy. She had twenty 7 min US sessions on the knee, for 3 months (US at 1 Mhz with an intensity between 1 and 2 W/cm2). Due to persistence of the ITB syndrome’s symptomatology after the 3 months of physiotherapy sessions, an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) was carried out and revealed osteonecrosis-like bone abnormalities on the external femoral condyle, the external tibial plateau, and the proximal fibula. In view of these lesions, the ultrasonic therapy was stopped, and a repeat MRI demonstrated the progressive disappearance of these imaging abnormalities one year after the last US (ultrasound) treatment. In light of this case, we propose here a short review of reported osseous “osteonecrosis” abnormalities associated with US therapies.