Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure of merger remnants. I - Bulgeless progenitors

The study examines mergers of identical galaxies consisting of self-gravitating disks and halos in the context of the suggestion that such events may form elliptical galaxies. It is shown that the luminous remnants of such mergers do indeed share many common properties with observed ellipticals. Specifically, the end states of the simulations considered rotate slowly in regions of relatively high surface density, having typical values of less than about 0.2 there. Morphologically, the remnants display a variety of structures, including shells and loops comprising loosely bound material and boxy and disky isophotes. The luminous matter is well-fitted by ellipsoidal generalizations of Hernquists's (1990, 1992) model for elliptical galaxies, implying that the surface brightness profiles are essentially de Vaucouleurs-like over a large radial interval. It is proposed that mergers of pure stellar disks do not represent an attractive mechanism for the production of massive elliptical galaxies.
Relief in everyday life.

Despite being implicated in a wide range of psychological and behavioral phenomena, relief remains poorly understood from the perspective of psychological science. What complicates the study of relief is that people seem to use the term to describe an emotion that occurs in two distinct situations: when an unpleasant episode is over, or upon realizing that an outcome could have been worse. This study constitutes a detailed empirical investigation of people's reports of everyday episodes of relief. A set of four studies collected a large corpus (N = 1,835) of first-person reports of real-life episodes of relief and examined people's judgments about the antecedents of relief, its relation to counterfactual thoughts, and its subsequent effects on decision making. Some participants described relief experiences that had either purely temporal or purely counterfactual precursors. Nevertheless, the findings indicated that the prototypical instance of relief appears to be one in which both these elements are present. The results also suggest that, although relief is frequently experienced in situations in which people are not responsible for the relief-inducing event, nevertheless they typically report that the experience had a positive impact on subsequent decision making. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Preliminary results on the internal assessment study of the ESA Cosmic Vision mission PLATO

In order to better understand the properties of exoplanetary systems, the Cosmic Vision mission "PLAnetary Transits and Oscilliations of stars" (PLATO) will detect and characterise exoplanets using their transit signature in front of a large sample of bright stars as well as measuring the seismic oscillations of the parent star of these exoplanets. PLATO is a potential mission of the European Space Agency's Science programme Cosmic Vision 2015-2025, with a planned launch by the end of 2017. The mission will be orbiting the Sun-Earth second Lagrangian point, which provides a stable thermal environment and maximum uninterrupted observing efficiency. The payload will consist of a number of individual catadioptric telescopes, covering a large field-of-view on the sky. It will allow for continuous observation of predetermined star fields in order to detect many exoplanetary systems as well as smaller exoplanets with longer orbital periods. Such performance is achieved by high time-resolution, high precision, and high duty-cycle visible photometry using catadioptric telescopes with CCD detectors. In order to fulfill the specific science requirements, special attention is being paid to the opto-mechanical design of the payload, in order to maximize the field-of-view and throughput of the optical system, while minimizing the image distortion, mass and volume of each telescope to ensure compatibility with the launcher's maximum payload capability. Ground-based observations will complement the observations made by PLATO to allow for further exoplanetary characterization. The paper provides a summary of the preliminary results achieved by the ESA internal pre-assessment study.
The Accumulation and Pooling of Drainage Flows in a Large Basin

Abstract We describe a sequence of tethersonde and solar measurements showing the effects of the pooling of cold air drainages in a basin located along the Colorado River below the Brush drainage. Results obtained during periods of weak ambient winds show that the basin fills over a period of several hours, then eventually overflows. The depth of the pool is such as to affect tributary drainages, such as that of Brush Creek, and to cause the accumulating drainage jets to become elevated as they flow down the larger drainage channels into the basin.
Indirect Search for Dark Matter with the ANTARES Telescope

The early history of modern physics have been full of problems fixed with un-orthodox yet brilliant solutions. From the Hydrogen electron orbit, black bodyradiation and the ultraviolet catastrophe, to the perihelion precession of Mercury.Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity not only solved these problems butthey opened the path to new observations and predictions about the Universe welive in and the introduction of new problems to be solved.One of the more modern problems we are facing today in physics is the largediscrepancy among measurements of the visible mass in the Universe and the pre-dictions of laws of gravity. An indisputable mass of evidence from different partsof observational cosmology is showing again and again that the observed lumi-nous mass in the Universe constitutes a tiny fraction of the matter that actuallyexists. The proposed solutions of this problem comes in two completely differentflavors. One proposed solution is that the laws of gravity are not the same in thelimit of tiny accelerations. Theories of modified gravitational dynamics proposea non-linear term in Newton law of gravity that becomes relevant at small accel-erations which in turn can explains the missing matter. The other solution to themissing matter is the introduction of new type of matter that does not interact withlight, making it invisible yet inferred to exist by its gravitational effect. The newmatter becomes a new elementary particle to be added to list of already knownelementary particles. While there are many candidates to this new elementaryparticle the favored one is called a WIMP or Weakly Interacting Massive Particle.
Factors Associated with Outdoor Winter Walking in Older Adults: A Scoping Review

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify internal and external factors associated with outdoor winter walking in older adults. In this scoping review, 12 databases were searched. Inclusion criteria included English language, focus on adults 65 years of age or older, and evaluation of factors associated with outdoor winter walking. Two authors screened titles/abstracts and full text. Conflicts were resolved by consensus. Data were extracted, organized into tables, and summarized as pertaining to barriers/facilitators and internal/external factors associated with outdoor winter walking. A total of 6,843 articles were identified, 1,898 duplicates were removed, 4,789 were excluded during title/abstract screening, and 148 were excluded during full-text review. Eight studies were included. Four categories of factors affecting outdoor winter walking in older adults were identified: adverse weather conditions, physical environment, physical function, and perceptions relating to winter walking conditions. Rehabilitation and exercise professionals can use the results to educate their clients and implement the facilitators of and alternatives and solutions to barriers to outdoor winter walking.
The Effects of Dust on Compact and Ultracompact H II Regions

We calculate numerical models of dusty H II regions using the Cloudy photoionization code with a grain size distribution. Dust sublimation causes a depletion of grain sizes and types within the ionized region, with large graphite grains being able to exist closer to the star than smaller graphite grains or silicate grains. We investigate the time-dependent hydrodynamic expansion of dusty H II regions and find that the fraction of ionizing photons absorbed by dust decreases with time. Furthermore, dusty H II regions stall earlier and at smaller radii than their dust-free counterparts. Comparison is made between our models and observable parameters, such as the electron density. We find that the electron density in dusty ionized regions estimated from radio continuum observations is likely to be an overestimate, and we quantify the discrepancy. Finally, we calculate the infrared emission from dusty H II regions and their surrounding circumnebular dust shells using the DUSTY code. We find that the far-infrared emission depends strongly on the parameters assumed for the circumnebular dust shell.
Retrograde Training: Effects on Lower Body Strength and Power

Abstract Backward walking and running on positive grades (retrograde training) represents a closed kinetic chain exercise used by rehabilitation specialists for patellofemoral-related injuries. To date, no longitudinal studies exist to support it use. This investigation examined the effects of retrograde training on lower body strength and power in recreational athletes aged 18–50 years over 6 weeks. Thirty-seven subjects were divided into two groups. Group 1 performed retrograde training 3 days∙wk −1 using treadmill speeds, grades and bout durations ranging from 1.6–4.9 m∙sec −1 , 2.5–27.5% and 10–30 seconds, respectively (RG, n=19). Group 2 was a control group who continued their normal training (CON, n=18). Pre- and posttests assessed a variety of unilateral and bilateral measures including vertical and linear jumps, one repetition maximum leg press strength, and positive and negative power during weighted squat jumping on a horizontal leg press with a force plate. RG improved significantly in all tests (P<0.05). Mean effect size (ES) of the relative improvement in a majority of tests revealed a moderate to very large ES of RG training (ES range: 0.77–2.71). We conclude retrograde training effective for improving lower body strength and power in recreational athletes.
Moving Target Detection Based on the Improved Gaussian Mixture Model Background Difference Method

Gaussian mixture model background difference method is an effective method to achieve the moving target detection. According to its deficiencies of accuracy, speed and other aspects, this paper presents an improved Gaussian mixture model background difference method. Firstly, use three-frame difference method to detect the alterant area rapidly by the advantages of accuracy and fast speed. Then, use the area method to judge the results, and determine whether it is need for target extraction of the current frame by Gaussian mixture model background method, which can reduce the time of object detecting and background modeling. Meanwhile, the update strategies of the Gaussian mixture model background is improved, which can further enhance the detective accuracy and speed for the large and slow moving targets.
Chlorination-Assisted Isomerically Pure Oxindole-Terminated Quinoids for n-Type Organic Thin-Film Transistors.

Quinoidal compounds have great potential utility as high-performance organic semiconducting materials because of their rigid planar structures and extended π-conjugation. However, the existence of E and Z isomers adversely affects the charge-transport properties of quinoidal compounds. In this study, we developed three isomerically pure oxindole-terminated quinoids by introducing chlorine atoms in the quinoidal core. The synthesized quinoids were confirmed to have a Z,Z configuration by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations, and single-crystal X-ray analysis. Importantly, the strategy of chlorination allowed to maintain low-lying frontier molecular orbital energy levels and ensure favorable intermolecular packing. Consequently, all three quinoidal compounds showed n-type transport characteristics in organic thin-film transistors, with electron mobilities up to 0.35 cm2 V-1 s-1, which is the highest value reported to date for oxindole-terminated quinoids. We believe that our study can provide new guidelines for the design of isomerically pure quinoids with high electron mobilities.
Application of Higher Order Born Approximation to Multiple Elastic Scattering of Electrons by Crystals

The calculation of Artmann (quoted in Raether's article in Hand. Phys. 32 475) for the wave function of electrons in a crystal due to the first order Born approximation was extended to higher order approximations by iterated integrations. As the result, Cowley and Moodie's formula (Acta Cryst. 10 (1957) 609) for the multiple elastic scattering of electrons by crystal was reobtained in an improved form. The convergency of the higher order terms was illustrated by the numerical calculations on two simple examples. An elementary application was also made to the moire patterns in electronmicrographs.
Generalized scalar potentials for linearized three‐dimensional flows with vorticity

The three‐dimensional time‐dependence velocity of incompressible fluids satisfying linearized incompressible Navier–Stokes equations can often be expressed in terms of a single h by v = A∇h+B(l×∇h)+Cl×(l×∇h), where l is a constant vector and A,B,C are scalar operators. For B,C≠0,curl v≠0.
Femtosecond time-resolved dielectric function measurements by dual-angle reflectometry

We present a technique to measure the dielectric function of a material with femtosecond time resolution over a broad photon energy range. The absolute reflectivity is measured at two angles of incidence, and e(ω) is calculated by numerical inversion of Fresnel-like formulas. Using white-light generation, the single-color probe is broadened from the near IR to the near UV, but femtosecond time resolution is maintained. Calibration of the apparatus and error analysis are discussed. Finally, measurements of isotropic, thin film, and uniaxial materials are presented and compared to reflectivity-only studies to illustrate the merit of the technique.
Recommendations to improve use and reporting of statistics in animal experiments

Flaws in experimental statistics are a major contributor to the poor reproducibility of animal experiments. Informed decisions about whether conclusions are justified requires clear reporting of experimental data and the statistical methods used to analyse them. When data are misinterpreted, manipulated or concealed to generate publications, it creates an illusion that chance observations are robust data which confirm the hypotheses presented. Attempts to reproduce and advance such observations can propagate large areas of irreproducible science. This hinders scientific progress, erodes public support for research, damages reputations and wastes resources. This review analyses and explains recommendations to improve use and reporting of statistics in animal experiments.
Global psycho‐oncology in low middle‐income countries: Challenges and opportunities

This Special Issue of Psycho‐Oncology is focused on challenges and opportunities in the provision of psychosocial care to patients in low and middle‐income countries (LMICs). The aim is to highlight global disparities and inequity in the provision of evidence‐based, culturally‐sensitive and timely psychosocial care and to showcase the work of researchers and practitioners to address this gap. We hope that this Issue will help to advance the psychological and social dimensions of cancer care in all parts of the world.
PD-L1 Aptamer-Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles for Robust Photo-Immunotherapy Against Cancer with Enhanced Safety.

Immune checkpoint blockade has become a paradigm-shifting treatment modality to combat cancer, while conventional administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-L1 antibody (α-PD-L1), often shows unsatisfactory immune responses and lead to severe immune-related adverse effects (irAEs). Herein, we develop a PD-L1 aptamer (aptPD-L1) based spherical nucleic acids (SNAs), which consists of an oxaliplatin (OXA) encapsulated metal-organic framework nanoparticle core and a dense shell of aptPD-L1 (denoted as M@O-A). Upon light irradiation, such nanosystem enables concurrent photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemotherapy and enhanced immunotherapy on one shot to inhibit both primary colorectal tumors and untreated distant tumors in mice. Notably, M@O-A shows scarcely any systemic immunotoxicity in a clinical irAEs-mimic transgenic mouse model. Collectively, this study presents a novel strategy for priming robust photo-immunotherapy against cancer with enhanced safety.
Cost-benefit analysis of a non-government organization and Australian government collaborative supported employment program for autistic people

We present a cost-benefit analysis of an Australian Government sponsored 3-year supported employment program for autistic adults—the DXC Dandelion Program—in the information and communications technology sector. We explored the range of direct costs associated with running the program, benefits to participants, and avoided costs to the government. Estimates were based on data from 56 (86% men; Mage = 25.28, standard deviation [SD] = 8.36 years) autistic participants in the program. The program generated a high benefit ratio for government, mainly driven by increases in wage rates and hours worked and avoiding welfare and unemployment benefit payments. Participants received the largest benefit through wages and access to the labor market, with most participants transitioning into productive, open employment following program completion. The results from the model are robust; the benefit ratio remained above 1.0 even when higher discount rates were applied. In sum, our analysis identifies potential economic savings associated with supported employment programs that provide pathways for otherwise unemployed or under-employed autistic adults to enter the workforce. Lay abstract Relative to the size of the population, there are fewer autistic people than non-autistic people in the workforce. Employment programs that provide extra support to autistic people may help them to gain and keep jobs that are suited to their skills and expertise. In this study, we reviewed the DXC Dandelion Program. This is a supported autism employment program run in partnership with the Australian Government. The program provided jobs to autistic people who worked in information and communications technology roles, such as software testing and cyber security. In this study, we examined some of the benefits of the program for the autistic people who participated in it. We also examined the benefits of the program to the government. We found that there are many savings to government when autistic people are employed in jobs that are matched to their skills and abilities, compared to being unemployed or working in jobs that are below their level of education, training, or skills.
Both Hypoxia and Hypobaria Impair Baroreflex Sensitivity but through Different Mechanisms

Abstract Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is a measure of cardiovagal baroreflex and is lower in normobaric and hypobaric hypoxia compared to normobaric normoxia. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of hypobaria on BRS in normoxia and hypoxia. Continuous blood pressure and ventilation were recorded in eighteen seated participants in normobaric normoxia (NNx), hypobaric normoxia (HNx), normobaric hypoxia (NHx) and hypobaric hypoxia (HHx). Barometric pressure was matched between NNx vs. NHx (723±4 mmHg) and HNx vs. HHx (406±4 vs. 403±5 mmHg). Inspired oxygen pressure (PiO 2 ) was matched between NNx vs. HNx (141.2±0.8 vs. 141.5±1.5 mmHg) and NHx vs. HHx (75.7±0.4 vs. 74.3±1.0 mmHg). BRS was assessed using the sequence method. BRS significantly decreased in HNx, NHx and HHx compared to NNx. Heart rate, mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures did not differ between conditions. There was the specific effect of hypobaria on BRS in normoxia (BRS was lower in HNx than in NNx). The hypoxic and hypobaric effects do not add to each other resulting in comparable BRS decreases in HNx, NHx and HHx. BRS decrease under low barometric pressure requires future studies independently controlling O 2 and CO 2 to identify central and peripheral chemoreceptors’ roles.
Online Learning Stress and Chinese College Students’ Academic Coping during COVID-19: The Role of Academic Hope and Academic Self-Efficacy

Abstract Colleges around the world have adopted emergency online learning to continue with teaching and learning activities during COVID-19. Existing research has indicated that this teaching mode is perceived negatively by many college students. The difficulty students encounter in emergency online learning can adversely affect their mental health and academic performance. To shed further light on how emergency online learning may have impeded college students’ academic functioning and adjustment, this study examined the association between online learning stress and academic coping and the mediating roles of academic self-efficacy and academic hope. It was conducted in early 2021, a year after the outbreak of the pandemic. Ninety-nine Chinese college students in Hong Kong were recruited and they completed an online questionnaire for this study. Results showed that online learning stress was negatively associated with approach academic coping and social support seeking, and the associations were mediated by academic hope. On the other hand, online learning stress was positively associated with avoidance academic coping, which was not mediated by academic hope. The mediation effects of academic self-efficacy were all non-significant. In sum, college students used more passive and maladaptive coping to handle academic problems when they experienced more online learning stress, and this was partly explained by lower levels of academic hope.