Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The sea ice component of GC5: coupling SI 3 to HadGEM3 using conductive fluxes

We present an overview of the UK’s Global Sea Ice model configuration version 9 (GSI9), the sea ice component 10 of the latest Met Office Global Coupled model, GC5. The GC5 configuration will, amongst other uses, form the physical basis for the HadGEM3 (Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 3) climate model and UKESM2 (UK Earth System Model version 2) Earth system model that will provide the Met Office Hadley Centre/UK model contributions to CMIP7 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 7). Although ocean model configurations have been developed for many years around the NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean) ocean modelling framework, the GSI9 configuration is the 15 first UK sea ice model configuration to use the new native NEMO sea ice model, SI 3 (Sea Ice modelling Integrated Initiative). This replaces the CICE (Community Ice CodE) model used in previous configuration versions. In this paper we document the physical and technical options used within the GSI9 sea ice configuration. We provide details of the implementation of SI 3 into the Met Office coupled model and the adaptations required to work with our ‘conductivity coupling’ approach, and also provide a thorough description of the GC5 coupling methodology. A brief evaluation of sea ice simulated by the GC5 model 20 is included, with results compared to observational references and a previous Global Coupled model version (GC3.1) used for CMIP6, to demonstrate the scientific credibility of the results.
VU Research Portal Economic evaluations of occupational health interventions from a company's perspective: a systematic review of methods to estimate the cost of health-related productivity loss

Objectives : To investigate the methods used to estimate the indirect costs of health-related productivity in economic evaluations from a company’s perspective. Methods : The primary literature search was conducted in Medline and Embase. Supplemental searches were conducted in the Cochrane NHS Economic Evaluation Data-base, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health database, the Ryerson International Labour, Occupational Safety and Health Index database, scans of reference lists and researcher’s own literature database. Article selection was conducted independently by two researchers based on title, keywords, and abstract, and if needed, full text. Differences were resolved by a consensus procedure. Articles were selected based on seven criteria addressing study population, type of intervention, comparative intervention, outcome, costs, language and perspective, respectively. Characteristics of the measurement and valuation of health-related productivity were extracted and analyzed descriptively. Results : A total of 34 studies were included. Costs of health-related productivity were estimated using (a combination of) data related to sick leave, compensated sick leave, light or modiﬁed duty or work presenteeism. Data were collected from different sources (e.g. administrative databases, worker self-report, supervisors) and by different methods (e.g. questionnaires, interviews). Valuation varied in terms of reported time units, composition and source of the corresponding price weights, and whether additional elements, such as replacement costs, were included. Conclusions : Methods for measuring and valuing health-related productivity vary widely, hindering compa-rability of results and decision-making. We provide suggestions for improvement.
COMPUTATIONAL DRUG DOCKING TO IDENTIFY POSSIBLE THERAPEUTICS THAT WARRANT FURTHER INVESTIGATION FOR ZOONOTIC DISEASES

Zoonotic diseases are spread from animals to humans, or vice versa. Current zoonotic diseases for which there is no reliable or effective treatment include Ebola virus disease (EVD), rabies, and Zika virus disease (ZVD). To identify possible lead compounds for these diseases, the computational drug docking software SeeSAR was used to simulate interactions between proteins specific to each disease—VP35 and VP40 for the Ebola virus (EBOV), the rabies virus (RABV) glycoprotein, and the Zika virus (ZIKV) envelope protein—and ligands from a list of 3,035 FDA-approved drugs. Drugs from this list were initially screened against each protein using 20 poses. Drugs with at least one pose that had an estimated lower bound dissociation constant (K D ) below 100 nM, indicating favorable binding affinity, were screened again using 200 poses. Furthermore, chemical modifications were performed on DOTAP chloride, a drug possibly effective against EBOV, which led to sizable improvements in the binding affinity. Some possible therapeutic drug candidates are as follows: modified DOTAP chloride for EBOV VP35; gefarnate, salmeterol, and deferoxamine mesylate for EBOV VP40; olivetol, aleuritic acid, and bimatoprost for the RABV glycoprotein; and deferoxamine mesylate, tirofiban hydrochloride, and travoprost for the ZIKV envelope protein. The criteria for recommendation include possible side effects, number of poses under 100 nM, and K D values. This study’s results display the candidate drugs’ potential to be investigated further as novel lead compounds in clinical trials for EVD, rabies virus, and ZVD.
Comparative Corporate Governance Structures in Developed and Emerging Economies of the World

There is no gainsaying that effective corporate governance is an enduring factor which enables corporate entities to evolve business excellence. However, the entrenchment of good Corporate Governance is more of self-regulatory effort than statutory framework in most countries of the world. The developments of Corporate Governance models and structures stems from the widespread corporate scandals, especially in the United States of America in the past decade, have been remarkable for the clamor of improvements in corporate behavior and managerial system. This study seeks to appraise the Corporate Governance models and structures in some developed and emerging economies of the world. Specifically, this study examined the Corporate Governance models and structures in the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, China, India, South-Africa, Malaysia and Brazil. The methodology used in this study was mainly content analysis. The review of the literature revealed that the collapse of theEnron, the WorldCom, the Tyco, the Xerox and the Wal.Mart Stores in the United States, the Holdmark Inc. in Netherlands, the Pharmalet plc in Italy and the Cadbury Sweppes Confectionary in India companies were due to poor Corporate Governance structures and practices. Therefore, one may recommend that and international codes of corporate governance should be provided, probably under the auspices of the United Nations to be known as the UN Codes of Corporate Governance to enhance an enforcement of uniform corporate governance practices globally.
MIT Open Access Articles Private Outsourcing and Competition: Subsidized Food Distribution in Indonesia

We explore the impact of allowing for outsourcing service delivery to the private sector within Indonesia ’ s largest targeted transfer program. In a ﬁeld experiment across 572 municipalities, we ﬁnd that allowing for outsourcing the last mile of food delivery reduced operating costs without sacriﬁcing quality. However, the prices citizens paid were lower only where we modiﬁed the bidding rules to encourage more bidders. Higher rents are associated with greater entry despite elites ’ efforts to block reform. In this context, the option to outsource and sufﬁcient We thank Bob Gibbons, Nancy Qian
The characterization of natural vegetation using first-order and texture measurements in digitized, colour-infrared photography

Abstract A video-digitized, aerial colour-infrared photograph of a species-rich mire site was analysed to explore its information content with respect to ecologically important site characteristics, viz., species richness and structural diversity. First-order (mean and standard deviation) and texture measures (semivariance, angular second moment and inverse difference moment) were calculated for image windows representing 2 by 2 m vegetation quadrats. For each quadrat the number of herbaceous species (SPPH), the cumulative cover of herbaceous species (COVH) and moss (COVM) and a structure-diversity index (DIVC) were derived from the complete recordings of species composition and species cover per quadrat. The diversity index is made up of structure classes based on species morphology and maximum height. Stepwise regression was used for the explanation of the variance in these statistics observed between the quadrats. The additional value of the texture measures was assessed relative to a base model contai.
Car License Plate Detection Using Edge and Color Information

: In this paper the problem of license plate detection is considered. Low quality images due to severe illumination conditions, vehicle motion, viewpoint and distance changes, complex background, etc are some of popular problems which have to be considered. In order to alleviate these problems, two different image enhancement methods (using intensity variance and edge density) are proposed. The aim is to increase contrast of plate-like regions to avoid missing plate location especially in poor quality images. Furthermore, a novel match filter is designed to detect candidate regions as plate. This filter models the vertical edge density of plate region regarding its neighborhood. As the filtering procedure is simple, this approach can be used for real-time applications. In the proposed method we also use colored texture in the plate as a cue for plate detection. This feature is preserved under viewpoint change. In order to characterize the color information in plate, the MNS (Multimodal Neighborhood Signature) method is used. A well organized database, consisting of car images with different known distances and viewing angels have been prepared to verify the performance of plate detection algorithm. This database can be used to establish a precise evaluation of the proposed method and any other related work. The results of experiments on different type of car images in complex scenes confirm the robustness of proposed method against severe imaging conditions.
Current Approaches in Narrative Medical Visualization

In a world increasingly driven by data and technology, it is imperative to empower stakeholders across diverse backgrounds (scientists, policymakers, patients, the general public) to make informed decisions about their health with the information available. However, simply providing the information is often not enough. The key to sharing and communicating health and medicine is making the information relevant to the intended audience. This issue lies at the heart of effective science communication. Storytelling is an age-old practice, and arguably one of the most defining features of humanity. Stories enable science communicators to translate complex information from health and medicine into a narrative that is personally accessible and relevant to the individual. Many pieces come together to craft what many would call a “good story” – one of these is narrative . Our work seeks to tease out the role of narrative, with its various components, in telling medical stories. This chapter discusses current approaches in narrative medical visualization, with an eye towards future opportunities in developing narratives for data-driven medical stories. We explore various strategies in narrative structure and character that may be unique to telling medical stories and provide an outlook on future directions in this space.
Relationship between phytoplankton eﬀiciency and the proportion of bacterial production to primary production in the Mediterranean Sea

: Biomass and production of phytoplankton and heterotrophlc bacteria were measured during July 1995 along 3 onshore-offshore transects in the NW Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Lions). The trophic status of the investigated stations varied from weakly oligotrophic to mesotrophic. Two distinct groups of stations were separated when examining the relationships between primary producers, bacteria and nutrients. The 2 groups of stations exhibited a different relationship between the ratio of integrated bacterial production to integrated primary production (IBP/IPP) and IPP. However, there was no longer a Mference between the 2 groups when taking into account the phytoplankton efficiency (PE; i.e. IPP in mg C m-' h-' divided by integrated chlorophyll in mg m-2) instead of IPP. Indeed, the most striking feature was a highly significant power fit of IBP/IPP versus PE, for a larger set of data collected in the Mediterranean sea despite large differences in location, season, physical structure, nutrient and biological status of the stations (IBP/IPP = 25.1~~-'~'). For a large range of PE (i.e. higher than 1.0 rng C mg-' chl h-') the ratio remained below 25%, but increased dramatically for lower values of PE. This relationship may help to explain the considerable variation (2 to 190%) in bacterial production/primary production ratio previously found in the world's oceans.
Solving A ML Problem Using The Grossone

Machine learning (ML) has grown at a remarkable rate, becoming one of the most popular research directions. It is widely applied in various fields, such as machine translation, speech recognition, image recognition, recommendation system, etc. Optimization problems lie at the heart of most machine learning approaches. So, the essence of most ML algorithms is to build an optimization model and learn the parameters in the objective function from the given data. A series of effective optimization methods were put forward, in order to promote the development of ML. They have improved the performance and efficiency of ML methods. The aim of this paper is to show that, among many other fields, the grossone may be used successfully in the ML. The grossone, the infinite unit of measure, has been proposed by Professor Y. Sergeyev in a number of noticeable works, as the number of elements of the set, N, of natural numbers. It is expressed by the numeral . This new computational methodology would allow one to work with infinite and infinitesimal quantities in the ―same way‖ as that working with finite numbers More details about it are given in Section 4. We analyze the SVM from the viewpoint of mathematical programming, solving a numerical example using the grossone. The Iris dataset was chosen for the implementation of the support vector method. This is a wellknown set of data used in the area of ML.
Temperature sensitive copolymers as a model system for understanding the physical basis of nonequilibrium assembly

Both natural biomaterials and synthetic materials benefit from complex energy landscapes that provide the foundation for structure-function relationships and environmental sensitivity. Understanding these nonequilibrium dynamics is important for the development of design principles to harness this behavior. Using a model system of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate-based thermoresponsive lower critical solution temperature (LCST) copolymers, we explored the impact of composition, path, and macromolecular crowding on nonequilibrium thermal hysteretic behavior. Through turbidimetry analysis of non-superimposable heat-cool cycles, we observe that LCST copolymers show clear hysteresis that varies as a function of pendent side chain length and hydrophobicity. Hysteresis is further impacted by the temperature ramp rate, as insoluble states can be kinetically trapped under optimized temperature protocols. Finally, the use of common crowding agents shows that excluded volume effects diminish the hysteresis behavior. This systematic study brings to light practical design principles that can enable the harnessing of out-of-equilibrium effects in synthetic soft materials.
Modelling Users’ Aﬀect in Job Interviews: Technological Demo

This demo presents an approach to recognising and interpreting social cues-based interactions in computer-enhanced job inter-view simulations. We show what social cues and complex mental states of the user are relevant in this interaction context, how they can be interpreted using static Bayesian Networks, and how they can be recognised automatically using state-of-the-art sensor technology in real-time.
Aerobiosis is not associated with GC content and G to T 1 mutations are not the signature of oxidative stress in prokaryotic 2 evolution 3

23 Background: Among the four bases, guanine is the most susceptible to damage from 24 oxidative stress. Replication of DNA containing damaged guanines result in G to T mutations. 25 Therefore, the mutations resulting from oxidative DNA damage are generally expected to 26 predominantly consist of G to T (and C to A when the damaged guanine is not in the 27 reference strand) and result in decreased GC content. However, the opposite pattern was 28 reported 16 years ago in a study of prokaryotic genomes. Although that result has been widely 29 cited and confirmed by nine later studies with similar methods, the omission of the effect of 30 shared ancestry requires a re-examination of the reliability of the results. 31 Results: We retrieved 70 aerobe-anaerobe pairs of prokaryotes, and members of each pair 32 were adjacent on the phylogenetic tree. Pairwise comparisons of either whole-genome GC 33 content or the GC content at 4-fold degenerate sites of orthologous genes among these 70 34 pairs did not show significant differences between aerobes and anaerobes. The signature of 35 guanine oxidation on GC content evolution has not been detected even after extensive 36 controlling of other influencing factors. Furthermore, the anaerobes were not different from 37 the aerobes in the rate of either G to T, C to A, or other directions of substitutions. The 38 presence of the enzymes responsible for guanine oxidation in anaerobic prokaryotes provided 39 additional evidence that guanine oxidation might be prevalent in anaerobic prokaryotes. In 40 either aerobes or anaerobes, the rates of G:C to T:A mutations were not significantly higher 41 than the reverse mutations. 42 Conclusions: The previous counterintuitive results on the relationship between oxygen 43 requirement and GC content should be attributed to the methodological artefact resulting from 44 phylogenetically non-independence among the analysed samples. Our results showed that 45 aerobiosis does not increase or decrease GC content in evolution. Furthermore, our study 46
FROM PLAIN TO SPARSE CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS: A GENERALIZED SVD APPROACH

Correspondence Analysis ( CA )—the method of choice to analyze contingency tables—is widely applied in text analysis, psychometrics, chemometrics, etc. But CA becomes difficult to interpret when items load on several dimensions, when dimensions comprise items whose loadings are of intermediate values, or when the number of rows or columns is large—a configuration routinely found in contemporary statistical practice. For principal component analysis ( PCA ), this interpretation problem has been traditionally handled with rotation and more recently with sparsification methods often inspired by the LASSO. Curiously, despite the strong connections between CA and PCA , sparsifying correspondence analysis remains essentially unexplored. In this paper, we extend the Penalized Matrix Decomposition (a relatively recent method based on the singular value decomposition) to sparsify CA . We present some theoretical results and properties of the resulting sparse correspondence analysis and illustrate this method with the analysis of a large textual data set.
Gaming Your Mathematics Course : The Theory and Practice of Games for Learning

Synopsis Learning through play is fundamental to humans and to many other animals. Game Based Learning is an interactive pedagogy that has as its foundation the tenet that games, by their very nature, increase learning through positive emotional experience. This article introduces readers to what games in mathematics classes have the potential to do, including to decrease anxiety, increase motivation , and deepen learning through immersive gaming. The article then connects this theory to practice, providing examples of both computer and non-computer games in introductory middle school, high school, and college mathematics. The article analyzes how these games work, and makes the distinction between intrinsic games, in which the concept being taught is an integral part of the game, and extrinsic games, which can be used for a variety of topics and tend to be more about review than about learning new concepts.
Urban forest ecosystem structure and the function of the gulf coastal communities in the United States

In the United States it is estimated that 90 percent of the entire population now lives within the boundaries of what is defined as urban forest. Additionally, the total yearly economic value of urban forest services is more than $400 billion. To achieve sustainability of our rapidly expanding urban ecosystems and deliver the maximum level of benefits to the inhabitants, the urban forest must have healthy tree resources, comprehensive management and community-wide support. This paper presents the results of a collaborative study among SU, USDA-FS, NASA and The Gulf Coast Chamber of Commerce pertaining to the sustainability of the urban forests of the Gulf Coastal areas in the United States. The urban forest ecosystem analysis of the Gulfport, Mississippi indicated a 30% tree canopy cover and nearly 25% green space in 2001. This represents 20% urban forest canopy loss since 1990. The current health of this urban forest is under pressure from urban sprawl and soil compaction. Urban forest ecosystem models and geographic information system (GIS) are being utilized to study the urban land use, urban forest health and urban sprawl in the Gulf Coast.
The Impact Of Renewable Electricity Generation On Gross State Product At The State Level

This essay studies the impact of the REN and NREN on the real GSP per capita for a panel of 50 states over the period of 1990 to 2017. This essay uses data at the state level because each state has structurally different economies, consumption of energy, and production of energy. Moreover, this essay makes a distinction between whether a state produces oil or does not produce oil to see if the impact of REN is positive or not on both non-oil-producing states and oil-producing states. By using fixed effect estimation with state-fixed effects and time-fixed effects to estimate the impact of REN and NREN on real GSP per capita for all states, this essay finds that REN has a statistically significant and positive impact on real GSP per capita of all states. However, NREN has a negative and statistically significant impact on real GSP per capita of the 50 states. Also, the effect of REN, when it is the only energy generation for the electricity sector in the model, is greater than its effect when there is both REN and NREN in the model. These results are consistent with this essay’s assumptions.
Neurologie, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie

: Sensitization to amphetamines: Rel-evance for schizophrenia and addiction research. Sensitization defines a phenomenon where repeated exposure to a certain stimulus leads to an enhanced response to the same stimulus. It is seen as the opposite of tolerance. Sensitization can be elicited in humans as well as in animals. After repeated, intermittent administration of stimulants like cocaine or amphetamine an increased response on a behavioral and neurochemical level is observed. In rodents, locomotion and dopamine release are augmented after sensitization. In humans, this effect can be measured by positron emission tomography and radioligands binding to dopamine receptors. Sensitization is seen as a learning process relevant to disorders like schizophrenia and addiction.