Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapid magnetic reconnection caused by finite amplitude fluctuations

The nonlinear dynamics of the magnetohydrodynamic sheet pinch have been investigated as an unforced initial value problem for large scale Reynolds numbers up to 1000. Reconnection is triggered by adding to the sheet pinch a small but finite level of broadband random perturbations. Effects of turbulence in the solutions include the production of reconnected magnetic islands at rates that are insensitive to resistivity at early times. This is explained by noting that electric field fluctuations near the X point produce irregularities in the vector potential, sometimes taking the form of ‘‘magnetic bubbles,’’ which allow rapid change of field topology.
Phonon wave-packet dynamics at semiconductor interfaces by molecular-dynamics simulation

We directly observe phonon wave packets of well-defined frequency and polarization scattering at a coherent semiconductor interface using molecular-dynamics simulations. We find that in the low-frequency limit the transmission coefficients of both longitudinal and transverse acoustic phonons agree well with those predicted by the continuum-level based acoustic mismatch model. However, the transmission coefficients rapidly decrease close to the cutoff frequency, a result that can be understood within a simple one-dimensional discrete atomic-chain model. We also find that the transmission coefficient for transverse acoustic phonons depends strongly on the relative orientation of the polarization and the Si-Si bonds in the diamond lattice structure.
Investigation of the Leakage Current in GaN P-N Junctions

We report on the fabrication and evaluation of leakage current based on GaN p-n junctions grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy over sapphire. Si and Mg were used as n- and p-type dopants, respectively. Reactive ion etching was used to define mesas of different sizes and metal ohmic contacts were fabricated. Reverse dark current of 15 pA/mm2 was measured under -8 V bias at room temperature, and that of 900 pA/mm2 was measured under -5 V bias at 480 K. Surface leakage along the mesa sidewalls is suggested to be the main source of leakage under a low bias voltage, and tunneling effects appear to be the main reason for junction breakdown.
Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of a tincture derived from the fruit of Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss (parsley tincture) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl)

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a tincture derived from the fruit of Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss (parsley tincture) when used as a sensory feed additive for all animal species. The product is a ■■■■■ solution, with a dry matter content of approximately 0.82%. The product contained 0.0198% polyphenols (of which 0.0085% were flavonoids), apiole (0.0083%), elemicin (0.0015%) and myristicin (0.0011%). The Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that the parsley tincture is safe at the maximum proposed use levels of 200 mg/kg complete feed for horses and 50 mg/kg complete feed for all other animal species. The FEEDAP Panel considered that the use in water for drinking is safe provided that the total daily intake of the additive does not exceed the daily amount which is considered safe when consumed via feed. No safety concern would arise for the consumer from the use of parsley tincture up to the maximum proposed use levels in feed. Parsley tincture should be considered as irritant to skin and eyes, and as a dermal and respiratory sensitiser. When handling the additive, exposure of unprotected users to apiole, elemicin and myristicin cannot be excluded. Therefore, to reduce the risk, the exposure of the users should be minimised. The use of parsley tincture as a flavour in animal feed was not expected to pose a risk for the environment. Since the fruit of P. crispum and its preparations were recognised to provide flavour in food and their function in feed would be essentially the same, no demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.
Perception of initial stops in tonal and non-tonal Korean

The current study investigated the perception of the three-way distinction among voiceless stops in non-tonal Seoul Korean and tonal Kyungsang Korean. We addressed whether listeners from these two dialects differ in the way they perceive the three stops. Twenty Korean listeners (nine from Seoul and eleven from Kyungsang) were tested with stimuli in which VOT and F0 were systematically manipulated. Analyses of the perceptual identification functions show that the results replicate the reported phonetic trading relationship between VOT and F0 in Seoul Korean and that this trading relationship is observed in Kyungsang as well. However, the trading relationship differs between the two dialects. Logistic regression analysis further shows that the two dialects use the perceptual cues differently. While both VOT and F0 are effective for Seoul Korean, only VOT is effective for the identification of all three stops for Kyungsang Korean. A similar pattern has been observed acoustically [Lee and Jongman, J. Acoust.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Bicuspid vs. Tricuspid Aortic Stenosis among Patients at Low Surgical Risk in China: From the Multicenter National NTCVR Database

Background: This study aims to compare the outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with self-expandable valves for bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) vs. tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) stenosis patients who are at low surgical risk. Methods: Participants were enrolled from 36 centers in China between January 2017 and December 2021. The primary endpoint event was all-cause mortality and all stroke at 30 days. Results: Among 389 patients at low surgical risk that underwent TAVR, 229 patients were BAV stenosis (mean age, 72.9 years; 65.1% men). There was no significant difference in the rate of all-cause death between two populations at 30 days. However, the rate of all stroke was significantly higher in the BAV group at 30 days (3.3% vs. 0%; odds ratio (OR), 0.97 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.94 to 0.99); p = 0.044). By multivariate logistic regression analysis, trans-carotid access was associated with a higher all stroke rate at 30 days (OR, 29.20 (95% CI, 3.97 to 215.1); p = 0.001). Conclusions: In this national registry-based study, patients treated for BAV vs. TAV stenosis had no significant difference in all-cause mortality at 30 days, but trans-carotid access was associated with a higher all stroke rate after TAVR at 30 days.
Blimp1 regulates the growth and function of human regulatory T cells

Blimp1 is a multifunctional transcriptional regulator that has established roles in mouse T cells. However, its function in human Tregs are not well-understood. To directly evaluate the role of Blimp1 in human Tregs, Blimp1α, the active and dominant isoform of Blimp1, was knocked out in human Tregs in vitro by the Crispr-Cas9 system using dual-targeting sgRNAs. High knockout efficiency was verified at the DNA, RNA, and protein levels. Transcriptome studies identified 356 Blimp1-repressed genes and 399 Blimp1-activated genes in Tregs. The significantly enriched gene sets are associated with cell cycle, apoptosis, cytokine-related signaling, and cytokine production. Consistent with normally restraining Treg growth, functional studies showed that knockout of Blimp1 increased Treg numbers, proliferative responses, and Ki67 expression, but decreased early apoptotic cells. Correspondingly, IL2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5 (pSTAT5) was enhanced in Blimp1KO Tregs. Blimp-1 is also positively associated with some aspects of Treg function as loss of Blimp1 downregulated the expression of cytokines, including IL10, IL4, IL5, IL9, IL13, IFNγ, CCL3 and CCL4, and immune checkpoints, including LAG3, PD1, and CTLA4. In the absence of Blimp-1, Foxp3 and Helios levels and IL-6-induced pSTAT3 increased, suggesting a role for Blimp1 in regulating Treg stability. Treg suppressive function, in vitro, however, was not affected by the loss of Blimp1. Collectively, our results suggest that Blimp1 is a pivotal regulator of human Treg growth, function, and stability and is consistent with a model where Blimp1 contributes to Treg homeostasis in vivo. (Supported by R01AI131648). Supported by grant from NIH (R01AI131648).
How family affects dynamic innovation capabilities in a design-intensive industry

Abstract Family firms (FFs) represent approximately two thirds of all firms with huge impact on global economy. Subsequently, innovation is also considered to be the key to competitive advantage, and long-term survival. Thus, research on innovation in FFs has been rising. However, there is a gap in the literature to understand how FFs’ capabilities are shaped by a constantly changing environment and how they survive in it. Since design-intensive industries reveal dynamic innovation capabilities (DICs) in emerging markets that are mostly underrepresented in the literature, they form the research context of this study. The outcomes of this paper are expected to reveal the heterogeneity of FFs’ capabilities as well as the strategies of FFs. Secondly, the findings would reveal the roles of design contributing to these capabilities in FFs, which highlight the interaction between design and innovation practices of manufacturing FFs in an emerging market.
Characterization and Genomic Analysis of a Bacteriophage with Potential in Lysing Vibrio alginolyticus

Vibrio alginolyticus is one of the major pathogens causing vibriosis to a variety of aquatic animals as well as bringing about severe food safety concerns. Nowadays, phage therapy has received increasing attention as an alternative to the antibiotics that have being limited for use in aquaculture industries. In this work, a potent bacteriophage, vB_ValM_PVA23 (PVA23), which efficiently infects pathogenic strains of V. alginolyticus, was isolated from sewage water and characterized by microbiological and genomic analyses. Based on the transmission electronic observation, the phage was characterized to be the Myoviridae family. It has a latent period of 10 min and a burst size of 203 PFUs/infected bacterium, and was stable over a broad pH range (5.0–11.0) and a wide temperature span (−80 °C to 60 °C), respectively. Genome sequencing results show that PVA23 has a 246,962-bp double-stranded DNA with a G + C content of 41.25%. The lab and plant shrimp farming trials demonstrated that phage preparation derived from PVA23 out-performed the chemical disinfectant iodine treatment in the prevention of V. alginolyticus propagation, and the phage application could rapidly yet significantly reduce the level of V. alginolyticus in the pond within 12 h, with negligible rebound observed. These results suggests that phage PVA23 has the potential to be used as an anti-V. alginolyticus agent in aquaculture industries.
Propagation of high-order Bessel–Gaussian beams through a hard-aperture misaligned optical system

In this paper, we consider the propagation of high-order Bessel–Gaussian beams (HBGBs) passing through a hard-aperture misaligned optical system. By expanding the hard-aperture function into a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions, a general propagating formula of HBGBs is derived in terms of the generalized diffraction integrals. Based on the derived formula, the diffraction properties of HBGBs propagating through a simple misaligned lens system are numerically illustrated. This method provides a convenient tool for studying the propagation and transformation properties of a high-order Bessel–Gaussian beam through an apertured misaligned optical system.
Stress evaluation of radio-frequency-biased plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited silicon nitride films

Stress is evaluated for silicon nitride films prepared by rf-biased plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The total stress of the films shows a change from tensile to compressive with increasing applied rf bias during film deposition. The biaxial elastic moduli and linear thermal expansion coefficients of the silicon nitride films are determined by measuring the temperature dependence of the total stress of films deposited on two different substrate materials. Both the biaxial modulus and linear thermal expansion coefficient are dominantly related to film density. The intrinsic stress of the silicon nitride films calculated using these values is very close to the total stress. The intrinsic tensile stress originates from spontaneous densification during film growth, while the compressive stress results from incorporated atoms that are accelerated and implanted into the films by rf-bias induced plasma potential.
Telbivudine-Induced Myopathy: Clinical Features, Histopathological Characteristics, and Risk Factors

Background and Purpose Oral nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) are the mainstay treatment for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Myotoxicity is an important extrahepatic effect related to NA treatment. Telbivudine is the NA for CHB that is frequently associated with muscle-related side effects. The risk factors for telbivudine-induced myopathy (TIM) are not yet clear. Methods This study characterized the clinical, magnetic resonance images (MRI), and pathological features of 12 TIM cases. A group of telbivudine-tolerant (TT) patients with CHB who received regular telbivudine treatment during the same period without the occurrence of myopathy was collected. Demographic and clinical factors were compared between the patients with TIM and the TT controls. Factors independently associated with TIM were identified using logistic regression analysis. Results The patients with TIM (males/females: 7/5, mean age: 57 years) developed myopathy after using telbivudine for a median period of 19.5 months. Muscle histopathology revealed abnormal proliferation, subsarcolemmal or sarcoplasmic accumulations, and ultrastructural defects of mitochondria. When compared with TT cases, patients with TIM had a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and were more frequently positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). Conclusions Mitochondrial abnormalities are characteristic histopathological features, and impaired renal function and HBeAg positivity are risk factors for TIM. Telbivudine-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and immune activation related to mitochondrial damage and HBeAg serostatus changes may underlie TIM. Constant clinical surveillance of myopathy during telbivudine treatment is needed due to the significant latency of its development. Dose adjustment for impaired renal function does not eliminate the risk of TIM occurrence.
Line edge roughness and intrinsic bias for two methacrylate polymer resist systems

Line edge roughness (LER) and intrinsic bias of 193-nm photoresist based on two methacrylate polymers are evaluated over a range of base concentration. Roughness is characterized as a function of the image log slope of the aerial image, the gradient in photoacid concentration, and the gradient in polymer protecting groups. Use of the polymer protection gradient as a characteristic roughness metric accounts for the effects of base concentration. Results demonstrate that a methacrylate terpolymer exhibits an advantage over the copolymer resist by achieving lower roughness at smaller values for the polymer protection gradient, resulting in lower LER for patterning. Intrinsic bias is found to be a function of the concentration of base. Process window analysis demonstrates that a greater depth of focus can be achieved for resists with low intrinsic bias. However, a tradeoff in depth of focus with LER is found. Spectral analysis indicates resists with greater intrinsic bias exhibit greater correlation lengths. Systems with greater intrinsic bias demonstrate lesser roughness for patterned features, with a minimum roughness achieved at maximum intrinsic bias. Kinetics of deprotection are modeled to calculate the chemical contrast of each resist. Resists exhibiting the greatest chemical contrast are identified as materials that generate the least roughness.
RT-Blink: A Method Toward Real-Time Blink Detection From Single Frontal EEG Signal

Eye blinks take an important role for electroencephalography (EEG) signals that on one hand, they can severely impact the EEG signals, and on the other hand, they may provide useful information for brain–computer interface (BCI) and scientific applications. In particular, it is challenging to detect blinks in real time from a single channel of EEG signals. In this work, we propose a short windowed and random forest based method toward the Real-Time Blink detection (RT-Blink), which balances the processing granularity and computation complexity. RT-Blink uses a potential blink (PB) boundary detecting algorithm and a pretrained random forest (RF) model with a set of features, including sample entropy (SampEn), standard deviation (SD), range of amplitude (RA), and rate of grade (RG), which enables fully automated identification of the duration of blinks from a single-channel EEG signal. The window size of RT-Blink can be adjusted according to the processing speed of the underlying hardware and the requirement of real time, which can be down to one-point EEG data. RT-Blink provides a scalable framework, which can be realized in software, hardware accelerator, or their mixture. Using EEG data contaminated by blinks, we show that RT-Blink achieves 96.54% and 91.25% for average sensitivity and precision, respectively. The time window is 60 ms based on our computer, with minimized overlapping for blink boundary detection. The average processing time is 5.07 ms for each time window, with average 1.65 ms of SD for all the EEG test cases. The results suggest that RT-Blink has promising potential toward real-time EEG applications.
Spectral-temporal management of Yb-doped fiber CPA-systems

To further scale the peak-power of state-of-the-art fiber CPA-systems, a careful optimization of the spectral as well as temporal dynamics is required. The wavelength dependence of the small-signal gain, as well as the saturation of the amplifier, strongly affect the signal bandwidth. For unsaturated amplifiers only a spectral optimization is required. It can be shown that both the spectral center and the width of the input spectrum strongly affect the output bandwidth. An optimization regarding these two parameters will be given. Design guidelines are presented. We develop a simple yet efficient model to simulate the impact of saturation in broadband Ytterbium-doped fiber CPA-systems. Using this model, we reveal that significant peak-power scaling up to 10 GW of current fiber CPA-systems is possible.
Analysis of Challenges and Solutions of IoT in Smart Grids Using AI and Machine Learning Techniques: A Review

With the assistance of machine learning, difficult tasks can be completed entirely on their own. In a smart grid (SG), computers and mobile devices may make it easier to control the interior temperature, monitor security, and perform routine maintenance. The Internet of Things (IoT) is used to connect the various components of smart buildings. As the IoT concept spreads, SGs are being integrated into larger networks. The IoT is an important part of SGs because it provides services that improve everyone’s lives. It has been established that the current life support systems are safe and effective at sustaining life. The primary goal of this research is to determine the motivation for IoT device installation in smart buildings and the grid. From this vantage point, the infrastructure that supports IoT devices and the components that comprise them is critical. The remote configuration of smart grid monitoring systems can improve the security and comfort of building occupants. Sensors are required to operate and monitor everything from consumer electronics to SGs. Network-connected devices should consume less energy and be remotely monitorable. The authors’ goal is to aid in the development of solutions based on AI, IoT, and SGs. Furthermore, the authors investigate networking, machine intelligence, and SG. Finally, we examine research on SG and IoT. Several IoT platform components are subject to debate. The first section of this paper discusses the most common machine learning methods for forecasting building energy demand. The authors then discuss IoT and how it works, in addition to the SG and smart meters, which are required for receiving real-time energy data. Then, we investigate how the various SG, IoT, and ML components integrate and operate using a simple architecture with layers organized into entities that communicate with one another via connections.
Oleaginous yeasts for biochemicals, biofuels and food from lignocellulose‐hydrolysate and crude glycerol

Microbial lipids produced from lignocellulose and crude glycerol (CG) can serve as sustainable alternatives to vegetable oils, whose production is, in many cases, accompanied by monocultures, land use changes or rain forest clearings. Our projects aim to understand the physiology of microbial lipid production by oleaginous yeasts, optimise the production and establish novel applications of microbial lipid compounds. We have established methods for fermentation and intracellular lipid quantification. Following the kinetics of lipid accumulation in different strains, we found high variability in lipid formation even between very closely related oleaginous yeast strains on both, wheat straw hydrolysate and CG. For example, on complete wheat straw hydrolysate, we saw that one Rhodotorula glutinis strain, when starting assimilating D‐xylosealso assimilated the accumulated lipids, while a Rhodotorula babjevae strain could accumulate lipids on D‐xylose. Two strains (Rhodotorula toruloides CBS 14 and R. glutinis CBS 3044) were found to be the best out of 27 tested to accumulate lipids on CG. Interestingly, the presence of hemicellulose hydrolysate stimulated glycerol assimilation in both strains. Apart from microbial oil, R. toruloides also produces carotenoids. The first attempts of extraction using the classical acetone‐based method showed that β‐carotene is the major carotenoid. However, there are indications that there are also substantial amounts of torulene and torularhodin, which have a very high potential as antioxidants.
Cryptographic Systems Based on an Algebraic Structure

In this paper cryptographic systems based on the Dedekind and Galois structures are considered. We supplement the created cryptosystems based on the Dedekind structure with programs written in C ++ and discuss the inner structure of Galois in cryptography. It is well-known that such a structure is based on ﬁnite ﬁelds only. Our results reveals something more internal. The ﬁnal section contains additional information about square-free and radical factorizations in monoids consisting in searching for a minimal list of counterexamples. As an open problem, we leave creating a program that would generate such a list and how to use such a list to create a cryptosystem
Atrophy of the Cholinergic Basal Forebrain can Detect Presynaptic Cholinergic Loss in Parkinson's Disease

Structural imaging of the cholinergic basal forebrain may provide a biomarker for cholinergic system integrity that can be used in motor and non‐motor outcome studies in Parkinson's disease. However, no prior studies have validated these structural metrics with cholinergic nerve terminal in vivo imaging in Parkinson's disease. Here, we correlate cholinergic basal forebrain morphometry with the topography of vesicular acetylcholine transporter in a large Parkinson's sample.