Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Controlled Trial Testing the Effects of Singapore’s Front-of-Pack Healthier Choice Symbol Label With or Without a Physical Activity Equivalent Label on Food Purchases and Measures of Diet Quality

Background Singapore’s front-of-pack (FOP) Healthier Choice Symbol (HCS) label is an easy to understand signal to consumers of how they can make a healthier choice within a given food category. We assess its effectiveness at influencing food purchases and diet quality.Methods Randomized controlled trial using a 3×3 within-subject crossover design with adult Singapore residents recruited online. Each participant shopped once in three conditions on an experimental online grocery store in random order: 1) no FOP control; 2) Similar to Arm 1 except select products displayed HCSs, as would occur in stores in Singapore; 3) Similar to Arm 2 with additional information displaying Physical Activity Equivalents (PAEs) per serving of each product. Participants with minimum of one control and one intervention condition shop were analyzed. First-differenced regressions on calories per serving (primary) and other measures of diet quality were used to compare purchasing behavior across conditions. Results From January 2019 to April 2019, 117 participants were randomized: 10 (8·5%) completed one shop; 2 completed two shops (1.7%); and 105 (89·7%) completed all three, resulting in 317 unique shops. The HCS, without PAEs, led to a statistically significant five-percentage point increase in the proportion of HCS products purchased. However, we could not reject the null hypothesis of no difference in calories per serving in either HCS (95% CI, -10·63: 20·01) or when combined with PAEs (95% CI, -5·25: 21·54) or differences in any of the diet quality measures assessed.Conclusions The HCS influences purchasing patterns, but does not, either alone or in combination with a PAE label, appear to reduce caloric intake or improve overall diet quality. These findings suggest that the HCS label, as currently applied, may be the wrong label for addressing rising rates of obesity and non-communicable diseases in Singapore.
Technological interface of the city – The promise of a real bottom-up urban planning?

The paper shows how developing social networking services, geo-media applications, e-management tools, and even some particular types of web ‘games’ may contribute to the creation of technological interfaces of our cities. Nevertheless, the paper calls into question whether these technological environments may contribute to the real change in urban planning – the change from the top-down to the bottom-up approach.
Optimizing Biodiesel Production of a Cell-Free System by Feedback System Control Scheme

Due to environmental benefits, rising crude oil prices, and limited resources of fossil oil, there has been renewed focus on vegetable oils as a source of biodiesel fuels. Microalgae, which are characterized by rapid growth and high oil content, have excellent potential to provide algae-derived biodiesel to help alleviate the world's dependency on petroleum-based fuels. However, the cost of mass algal production remains high, and the potential to substitute algal biodiesel for traditional fuel is still unrealized. The initial goal of this thesis research was to optimize culture parameters for the alga, Botryococcus braunii , for increased production of fatty acids and generation of biodiesel. The results demonstrated that, with a supplied carbon source, lysed B. braunii could produce high levels of fatty acids at a rapid rate. Thus, a cell-free system was developed that can effectively produce biodiesel, saving significant effort by eliminating the need to maintain live cells. The new approach is not light-dependent, greatly reducing the requirement for land area. The newly designed system can maintain a rate of fatty acid production that is an order of magnitude greater than the production rate in traditional algal culture for at least four months. Furthermore, the new system uses an unorthodox top-down approach, called Feedback System Control (FSC), which employs experiment design for large dimensions and response surfaces method in searching optimum with only a small number of iterations. It enabled a replacement of commercial medium containing more than sixteen chemicals with a medium containing only four chemicals, reducing the cost of the medium tenfold. Overall, the new culture method significantly increases the cost efficiency of algal biodiesel production, and has the potential to provide a scalable and cost effective method for economically viable commercial use.
Zastosowanie strumienia cząstek w modelowaniu wirtualnych struktur erozyjnych

W artykule opisano metode wykorzystania systemow cząstek do modelowania struktur, struktur powstalych przez dlugotrwale oddzialywanie procesow erozyjnych. W przeciwienstwie do skomplikowanych i kosztownych obliczeniowo metod, w ktorych wykorzystuje sie dynamike plynow, w proponowanej metodzie nie skupiono sie na samym procesie erozji i jego powolnym wplywie na zmiany uksztaltowania terenu, ale na samym koncowym efekcie tych zmian. Bazowymi modelami są uksztaltowania terenu opisane przez mape wysokościową, rozszerzoną o dodatkową informacje na temat podatności kazdej z jej komorek na proces erozji (mapa twardości). Proces ten wywolany jest w wyniku kolizji poruszających sie w strumieniu cząstek z powierzchnią wirtualnego terenu, a gradacja wysokości zalezy od masy cząstki, odleglości danego obszaru krajobrazu od bezpośredniego punktu kolizji oraz jego podatności na modyfikacje. Dzieki niskiej zlozoności obliczeniowej metody znajdującej sie w klasie
Remote sensing of heart rate and rumen temperature in feedlot beef cattle: associations with feeding and activity patterns

Heart rate (HR; beats/min) rumen temperature (RTMP; oC), activity level (ACT; %) and feeding patterns (feeding event duration; sec/30 min, feed intake; kg/30 min, visits to the feeder; visits/30 min) have been suggested as feed efficiency (residual feed intake; RFI; kg/d), distress and health status indicators in cattle holding potential for development into practical on-farm decision making tools. Our study assessed the associations between these parameters when feedlot cattle (n=22) were eating or not eating (FI dataset), at differing activity levels (ACT dataset) and between feed efficient and feed inefficient cattle (RFI dataset). Heart rate was not different between FI, ACT and RFI groups. RTMP was lower in high ACT then low ACT observations (39.64±0.15 vs 40.08±0.15; P=0.001) and was associated with ACT in positive RFI cattle (r=-0.55; P <0.001). Activity levels in the ACT dataset were lower when cattle were located in the yard then when located in the pen or abattoir. Associations between RTMP and ACT across ACT and RFI datasets promote these as potential indicators of feed efficiency and health status in cattle. Changes in ACT across locations suggest it to be a potential indicator of distress. Future studies assessing RTMP and ACT abilities to determine performance are warranted.
Dual Metal-Gate Planar Field-Effect Transistor for Electrostatically Doped CMOS Design

In this paper, we demonstrate by simulation the general usability of an electrostatically doped and electrically reconfigurable planar field-effect transistor (FET) structure. The device concept is partly based on our already published and fabricated silicon nanowire 3D-FET technology. The technological key features of this general purpose FET contain Schottky S/D junctions on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate additionally enabling high-temperature operation of the proposed device. The transistors charge carrier type, i.e. n- or ptype FET, is electrically switchable on the fly by applying a control-gate voltage, which significantly increases the flexibility and versatility in digital integrated circuits.
INSIDE INFORMATION 2 - USABILITY AND USER RESEARCH: EIGHT YEARS OF RESEARCH AND METHOD DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION

This report is a follow up to the Inside Information – Usability and User Research at UIQ Technology report that was made available in October 2006. The initial report was written from an industrial point of view aimed to market UIQ Technology through the demonstration of the UIQ usability and user research philosophy. UIQ Technology Usability Metrics (UTUM) was important result here. UTUM was considered an extremely cost-effective method for keeping in focus what is important for users and handset makers. It was a tool for guiding development decisions as well as for validating the worthiness of design concepts. The two parts in UTUM was perceived by the company as an innovation in their software development practice. The first part was the relationship to users and attitude to their participation in the design process. The second part was how the company immediately and directly incorporated this usability understanding into the software development process. UTUM, together with other usability methods and results presented in this report, have been produced in an action research manner. Due to the closure of the company, the main author of the 2006 report, and the same researchers who also supported the writing of the initial report, decided to produce a follow-up and closure version of the initial report; as a way to summarize the results from the academic and industrial cooperation. In this updated version, eight years of joint action research and cooperative method development surrounding usability and user research is concluded.
Colour homogenisation of hardwood species by steaming

For colour homogenisation three hardwood species, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), beech (Fagus silvatica L.) and Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) were investigated. Steaming was applied to change the colour. Steaming parameters (steaming time and temperature) were varied to find the optimum of treatment. The results are given in the CIE L*, a*, b* colour co-ordinate system. Black locust wood was most sensitive to the steaming temperature. With rising temperature, the colour change was faster and less time was needed for homogenisation. The behaviour of the other two wood species was different from black locust but similar to each other. Below 95°C homogenisation was insensible to temperature and within one day the colour change stopped. Above 95°C the colour change was continuous but without further colour homogenisation. The optimum homogenisation time was found about 12 hours at 80-95°C temperature range and 6 hours at 110°C for Turkey oak, and 18 hours at any temperature for beech.
VIRAL TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION : THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL The Need for New Antivirals

Current antivirals effectively target diverse viruses at various stages of their life cycles. Nevertheless, curative therapy has remained elusive for important pathogens, such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and herpesviruses, in large part due to viral latency and the evolution of resistance to existing therapies. Here, we review the discovery of viral master circuits: virus-encoded autoregulatory gene networks that autonomously control viral expression programs (i.e., between active, latent, and abortive fates). These circuits offer the opportunity for a new class of antivirals that could lead to intrinsic combination-antiviral therapies within a single molecule— evolutionary escape from such circuit disruptors would require simultaneous evolution of both the cis regulatory element (e.g., the DNA-binding site) and the trans element (e.g., the transcription factor) for the circuit’s function to be recapitulated. We review the architectures of these fate-regulating master circuits in HIV-1 and the human herpesvirus cytomegalovirus along with potential circuit-disruption strategies that may ultimately enable escaperesistant antiviral therapies.
Tongue-tied: Confused meanings for common fire terminology can lead to fuels mismanagement

The ineffective and inconsistent use of terminology among fire managers, scientists, resource managers and the public is a constant problem in resource management. In fire management and fire science, the terms fire severity, burn severity and fire intensity are defined in a variety of ways, used inconsistently and, in some cases, interchangeably.
Incidence and Determinants of Reported Hypoglycaemia among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Health Institution in Nigeria

Introduction: Hypoglycaemia is a frequent and serious adverse effect of an-ti-diabetic therapy associated with both immediate and delayed adverse clinical outcomes. However, it continues to be a neglected complication with li-mited study of its burden, knowledge, determinants and preventive measures adopted by type 2 diabetics. Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes who presented at Diabetes Clinic of a University teaching hospital and fulfilled selec-tion criteria were recruited. The information obtained included sociodemographic, clinical details with hypoglycaemic symptoms and laboratory measurements. Results: There were 113 participants with a mean age of 60.94 ± 11.95 years. The majority of the patients had fair knowledge of hypoglycaemic symptoms and also knew what actions to take to ameliorate the symptoms when it occurs. The incidence of hypoglycaemia was 45.1% and most commonly occurred in the afternoon before lunch. The commonest symptoms reported self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), appropriate education programs for both health care providers and patients with diabetes are the major ways to minimize risks of hypoglycaemia.
Low power image based triggering for extended operation surveillance

It is desirable for many surveillance applications to have a portable high quality imaging system capable of continuous monitoring in remote locations, often for extended periods of time. Extended operation can be achieved with low power by taking advantage of the fact that no interesting action is occurring in the area of interest most of the time, allowing the camera to be turned off. This type of operation requires some type of trigger to detect when events occur and turn on the camera to collect imagery. A novel technique for this type of detection is the use of signal processing on low spatial and temporal resolution imagery with a low-power processor to detect action events. The low-resolution imager operation and low-power processor allow the system to consume minimal power, while still taking advantage of the information available from the imager. Triggering is done by performing background subtraction on the low resolution imagery to detect scene changes. Although there is extensive research on this subject, no known research has attempted to implement this type of algorithm in a low power system, which puts a significant constraint on the computation that can be performed. This paper describes research conducted at MIT Lincoln Laboratory to develop a power constrained background subtraction technique, and design a low power hardware system that utilizes this form of detection for image based triggering. Thesis Supervisor: Lawrence M. Candell Title: MIT Lincoln Laboratory Thesis Supervisor: Dennis M. Freeman Title: Associate Professor
May 3 , 2016 improvements in population health through strengthened surveillance of CVD and stroke

e615 Background—American Heart Association (AHA) public policy advocacy strategies are based on its Strategic Impact Goals. The writing group appraised the evidence behind AHA’s policies to determine how well they address the association’s 2020 cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics and cardiovascular disease (CVD) management indicators and identified research needed to fill gaps in policy and support further policy development. Methods and Results—The AHA policy research department first identified current AHA policies specific to each CVH metric and CVD management indicator and the evidence underlying each policy. Writing group members then reviewed each policy and the related metrics and indicators. The results of each review were summarized, and topic-specific priorities and overarching themes for future policy research were proposed. There was generally close alignment between current AHA policies and the 2020 CVH metrics and CVD management indicators; however, certain specific policies still lack a robust evidence base. For CVH metrics, the distinction between policies for adults (age ≥20 years) and children (<20 years) was often not considered, although policy approaches may differ importantly by age. Inclusion of all those <20 years of age as a single group also ignores important differences in policy needs for infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. For CVD management indicators, specific quantitative targets analogous to criteria for ideal, intermediate, and poor CVH are lacking but needed to assess progress toward the 2020 goal to reduce deaths from CVDs and stroke. New research in support of current policies needs to focus on the evaluation of their translation and implementation through expanded application of implementation science. Focused basic, clinical, and population research is required to expand and strengthen the evidence base for the development of new policies. Evaluation of the impact of targeted
The Innovator's Method: Bringing the Lean Start-up into Your Organization

Have you ever come up with an idea for a new product or service but didn't take any action because you thought it would be too risky? Or at work, have you had what you thought could be a big idea for your company--perhaps changing the way you develop or distribute a product, provide customer service, or hire and train your employees? If you have, but you haven't known how to take the next step, you need to understand what the authors call the innovator's method--a set of tools emerging from lean start-up, design thinking, and agile software development that are revolutionizing how new ideas are created, refined, and brought to market. To date these tools have helped entrepreneurs, designers, and software developers manage uncertainty--through cheap and rapid experiments that systematically lower failure rates and risk. But many managers and leaders struggle to apply these powerful tools within their organizations, as they often run counter to traditional managerial thinking and practice. Authors Nathan Furr and Jeff Dyer wrote this book to address that very problem. Following the breakout success of The Innovator's DNA--which Dyer wrote with Hal Gregersen and bestselling author Clay Christensen to provide a framework for generating ideas--this book shows how to make those ideas actually happen, to commercialize them for success. Based on their research inside corporations and successful start-ups, Furr and Dyer developed the innovator's method, an end-to-end process for creating, refining, and bringing ideas to market. They show when and how to apply the tools of their method, how to adapt them to your business, and how to answer commonly asked questions about the method itself, including: How do we know if this idea is worth pursuing? Have we found the right solution? What is the best business model for this new offering? This book focuses on the "how"--how to test, how to validate, and how to commercialize ideas with the lean, design, and agile techniques successful start-ups use. Whether you're launching a start-up, leading an established one, or simply working to get a new product off the ground in an existing company, this book is for you.
Deep Penetration of UV Radiation into PMMA and Electron Acceleration in Long Plasma Channels Produced by 100 ns KrF Laser Pulses

Long (~1 mm), narrow (30−40 μm in diameter) corrugated capillary-like channels were produced in the axially symmetric 2D interaction regime of 100 ns KrF laser pulses with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) at intensities of up to 5 × 1012 W/cm2. The channels extended from the top of a deep (~1 mm) conical ablative crater and terminated in a 0.5 mm size crown-like pattern. The modeling experiments with preliminary drilled capillaries in PMMA targets and Monte Carlo simulations evidenced that the crown origin might be caused by high-energy (0.1–0.25 MeV) electrons, which are much higher than the electron temperature of the plasma corona ~100 eV. This indicates the presence of an unusual direct electron acceleration regime. Firstly, fast electrons are generated due to laser plasma instabilities favored by a long-length interaction of a narrow-band radiation with plasma in the crater. Then, the electrons are accelerated by an axial component of the electrical field in a plasma-filled corrugated capillary waveguide enhanced by radiation self-focusing and specular reflection at the radial plasma gradient, while channel ripples serve the slowing down of the electromagnetic wave in the phase with electrons.
Determination of the relationship between some morphological traits of the tomato lines and resistance tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease

Background: Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most produced and exported vegetable in Turkey. There are many pathogens to limit tomato production by reducing yield and fruit quality. Among them, Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) causes important economic losses. The most efficient and environmental friendly method against TYLCV is the use of resistant varieties. In this trial, it was aimed to determine some morphological traits which were linked to Ty-1 and Ty-3a genes which confer to TYLCV. A commercial hybrid carrying Ty-1, Ty-3a genes as heterozygous was crossed to a susceptable inbred line from Bati Akdeniz Agricultural and Research Institute (BATEM). Marker assisted selection (MAS) was carried out in F 1 and F 2 generations and biological tests were done for TYLCV resistance in F 3 generation. MAS for Ty-3a and Ty-1 genes were compatible with biological tests.
Best practice on automated passenger flow measurement solutions

The authors introduce a best practice paper recently published by the ACI World Airport IT Standing Committee on Automated Passenger Flow Measurement Solutions. The paper shows how this supplier-independent best practice paper is structured and what benefit it can provide to those who want to implement and use such solutions in terminal buildings. Therefore, some general characteristics of the solutions are given, as well as the typical influencing factors from technology, terminal layout and passenger behaviour.
ANALISIS HANDOFF JARINGAN UMTS DENGAN MODEL PENYISIPAN WLAN PADA PERBATASAN DUA BASE STATION UMTS

Handoff merupakan proses perpindahan pelayanan dari satu sel ke sel yang lain, yang disebabkan parameter propagasi sinyal tidak lagi memenuhi batas threshold untuk dilayani oleh BS yang sebelumnya. Horizontal handoff merupakan proses handoff yang terjadi pada jaringan dengan standar teknologi yang sama seperti antara dua atau lebih jaringan selular 3G, sedangkan Vertical handoff merupakan proses handoff yang terjadi pada jaringan dengan standar teknologi yang berbeda seperti jaringan selular 3G dan WLAN. Pada tulisan ini dianalisis peningkatan kinerja jaringan saat dilakukan penyisipan WLAN di perbatasan dua jaringan UMTS. Jaringan WLAN tersebut berfungsi untuk melayani MS ketika sinyal kedua UMTS yang berdekatan lemah. Evaluasi kinerja disimulasikan dalam simulator dengan parameter kinerja yang dianalisis yaitu jumlah handoff dan probabilitas outage. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa dengan melakukan penyisipan WLAN di perbatasan dua jaringan UMTS, nilai probabilitas outage semakin kecil yaitu pada titik perbatasan sel UMTS 1 dan UMTS 2 pada jarak 910 meter dengan variasi S min = -80 dBm diperoleh 0,679 menjadi 0, pada S min = -85 dBm diperoleh 0,385 menjadi 0, dan pada S min = -90 dBm diperoleh 0,141 menjadi 0. Namun jumlah handoff semakin meningkat, pada S min = -80 dBm diperoleh rata-rata jumlah handoff 1 menjadi 5,64 kali, pada S min = -85 dBm diperoleh rata-rata jumlah handoff 1,76 menjadi 7,60 kali dan pada S min = -90 dBm diperoleh rata-rata jumlah handoff 4,16 menjadi 7,60 kali.