Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ab-initio quantum transport simulation of self-heating in single-layer 2-D materials

Through advanced quantum mechanical simulations combining electron transport and phonon transport from first-principles, self-heating effects are investigated in n-type transistors with single-layer MoS2, WS2, and black phosphorus as channel materials. The selected 2-D crystals all exhibit different phonon-limited mobility values, as well as electron and phonon properties, which have a direct influence on the increase in their lattice temperature and on the power dissipated inside their channel as a function of the applied gate voltage and electrical current magnitude. This computational study reveals (i) that self-heating plays a much more important role in 2-D materials than in Si nanowires, (ii) that it could severely limit the performance of 2-D devices at high current densities, and (iii) that black phosphorus appears less sensitive to this phenomenon than transition metal dichalcogenides.
Associations of Dietary Intakes of Carotenoids and Vitamin A with Lung Cancer Risk in a Low-Income Population in the Southeastern United States

Simple Summary Lung cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in the U.S. It is critical to identify the risk factors for lung cancer. However, previous results on the associations of dietary carotenoids and vitamin A intakes with lung cancer risk were inconclusive, and the study populations were mainly European descendants and Asians. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the associations among low-income African Americans and European Americans using resources from the Southern Community Cohort Study. Our findings suggested positive associations between dietary vitamin A intake and lung cancer risk among current smokers and racial-specific associations between dietary vitamin A intake and adenocarcinoma risk. Our study may contribute to understanding the role of nutrient intakes and lung cancer associations among the underrepresented study populations and improving the risk assessment of lung cancer risk. Abstract Observational studies found inverse associations of dietary carotenoids and vitamin A intakes with lung cancer risk. However, interventional trials among high-risk individuals showed that β-carotene supplements increased lung cancer risk. Most of the previous studies were conducted among European descendants or Asians. We prospectively examined the associations of lung cancer risk with dietary intakes of carotenoids and vitamin A in the Southern Community Cohort Study, including 65,550 participants with 1204 incident lung cancer cases. Multivariate Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Lung cancer cases had lower energy-adjusted dietary intakes of all carotenoids and vitamin A than non-cases. However, dietary intakes of carotenoids and vitamin A were not associated with overall lung cancer risk. A significant positive association of dietary vitamin A intake with lung cancer risk was observed among current smokers (HRQ4 vs. Q1 = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.02–1.49; Ptrend = 0.01). In addition, vitamin A intake was associated with an increased risk of adenocarcinoma among African Americans (HRQ4 vs. Q1 = 1.55; 95%CI: 1.08–2.21; Ptrend = 0.03). Dietary lycopene intake was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer among former smokers (HRQ4 vs. Q1 = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.04–2.17; Ptrend = 0.03). There are positive associations of dietary β-cryptoxanthin intake with squamous carcinoma risk (HRQ4 vs. Q1 = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.03–2.15; Ptrend = 0.03). Further studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
1/N
 corrections to 
F1
 and 
F2
 structure functions of vector mesons from holography

The structure functions $F_1$ and $F_2$ of the hadronic tensor of vector mesons are obtained at order $1/N$ and strong coupling using the gauge/gravity duality. We find that the large $N$ limit and the high energy one do not commute. Thus, by considering the high energy limit first, our results of the first moments of $F_1$ for the rho meson agree well with those from lattice QCD, with an important improvement of the accuracy with respect to the holographic dual calculation in the planar limit.
A dynamic framework for subdivision surfaces

Subdivision surfaces are extensively used to model smooth shapes of arbitrary topology. Recursive subdivision on an user-defined initial control mesh generates a visually pleasing smooth surface in the limit. However, users have to carefully select the initial mesh and/or manipulate the control vertex positions at different levels of subdivision hierarchy to satisfy the functional and aesthetic requirements in the smooth limit surface. This modeling drawback results from the lack of direct manipulation tools for the limit surface. In this dissertation, techniques from physics-based modeling are integrated with geometric subdivision methodology, and a dynamic framework is presented for direct manipulation of the smooth limit surface generated by the subdivision schemes using physics-based “force” tools. In a typical subdivision scheme, the user starts with an initial control mesh which is refined recursively using a fixed set of subdivision rules, and a smooth surface is produced in the limit. Most often this limit surface does not have an analytic expression, and hence poses challenging problems in incorporating mass and damping distribution functions, internal deformation energy, forces, and other physical quantities required to develop a physics-based subdivision surface model. In this dissertation, local parameterization techniques suitable for embedding the geometric subdivision surface model in a physics-based modeling framework have been developed. Specific local parameterization techniques have been fully worked out for the Catmull-Clark, modified butterfly and Loop subdivision schemes. Techniques for assigning material properties to geometric subdivision surfaces are derived, motion equation for the dynamic model has been formulated using Lagrangian dynamics, advantages of deformable models are incorporated into conventional subdivision schemes, dynamic hierarchical control has been introduced, multiresolution representation of the control mesh is derived and a unified approach for deriving subdivision surface-based finite elements are presented. The proposed dynamic framework enhances the applicability of the subdivision surfaces in modeling applications. It is also useful for hierarchical shape recovery from large range and volume data sets, as well as for non-rigid motion tracking from a temporal sequence of data sets. Multiresolution representation of the initial mesh controlling the smooth limit surface enables global and local editing of the shape as desired by the modeler. This dynamic framework has also been used for synthesizing natural terrain models from sparse elevation data.
Infrared Spectroscopy of NGC 4151: Probing the Obscured Ionizing Active Galactic Nucleus Continuum

The Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) Short-Wavelength Spectrometer (SWS) infrared spectroscopic observations of the nucleus of Seyfert galaxy NGC 4151, which are described in a companion paper, are used in conjunction with a compilation of UV to IR narrow emission line data to determine the spectral shape of the obscured extreme-UV continuum that photoionizes the narrow-line-emitting gas in the active galactic nucleus (AGN). We present a new method for determining the best-fitting photoionizing continuum and emission-line cloud model from a heterogeneous set of emission-line data. For NGC 4151, we find a best-fit model that reproduces the observed line fluxes to within a factor of 2 on average, and that is consistent with the observed geometry of the optical narrow-line region (NLR). Our model consists of a clumpy, optically thick (ionization-bounded) gas distribution, with a hydrogen gas density of ~1000 cm-3 and a volume-filling factor of 6.510-4. Our best-fitting spectral energy distribution (SED) falls sharply beyond the Lyman limit and then rises sharply again toward 100 eV. In particular, it does not display the "big blue bump" signature of a hot accretion disk. We find that this SED, which best reproduces the NLR line emission on the 100-500 pc scale, does not have enough UV photons to produce the observed broad-line region (BLR) recombination emission from the inner 1 pc. This suggests that the BLR is photoionized by the intrinsic continuum source, which does have a strong UV component (perhaps a big blue bump), but that this UV component is absorbed by material located between the NLR and BLR. Our analysis suggests that the absorber consists of ~51019 cm-2 of neutral hydrogen. Such an absorber has been independently detected by UV absorption lines. Using our new method, we confirm our previous conclusion that a big blue bump is present in the SED of the Seyfert 2 galaxy Circinus.
On the Instability of Stationary Spherical Models with Purely Radial Motion

Models of spherical, self-gravitating stellar systems in which all the trajectories pass initially near the center are interesting to examine from different perspectives. Such models are compatible not only with the idea of explosive cosmogony, but also with the concept of formation of stars from a gaseous, spherical cloud, if they are not affected during formation by significant peculiar motions and thus "fall" into the center. Another question is whether such a system is capable of remaining stable for a long period of time. We will show that such a system is unstable with respect to regular forces and must be reconstructed during the course of one period of revolution of an individual star.
Physical Properties of Fast-Growing Wood-Polymer Nano Composite Synthesized through TiO2 Nanoparticle Impregnation

Mangium (Acacia mangium Willd.) is a fast-growing wood that is widely grown in Indonesia. The impregnation method is needed to improve the qualities of the wood. In this study, TiO2 nanoparticle (79.17 nm) was produced using the hydrothermal method. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of TiO2 nanoparticle impregnation on the density and dimensional stability of mangium and the effectiveness of the presence of TiO2 nanoparticle in wood in degrading pollutants. The mangium samples (2 cm × 2 cm × 2 cm) were placed inside impregnation tube. The impregnation solutions included water (untreated), 1% TiO2 nanoparticle, and 5% TiO2 nanoparticles. The samples were analyzed for density, weight percent gain (WPG) dan bulking effect (BE). Samples were also analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). TiO2 nanoparticle resulted in an increase in density, WPG, and BE-treated mangium. Based on XRD and FTIR results, TiO2 nanoparticle was successfully impregnated into mangium wood. Scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicated that TiO2 nanoparticle covered the surface of the wood cells. The TiO2-impregnated mangium wood has a higher photocatalyst activity than untreated, indicating better protection from UV radiation and pollutants.
Chromospheric activity catalogue of 4454 cool stars

Context.Chromospheric activity monitoring of a wide range of cool stars can provide valuable information on stellar magnetic activity and its dependence on fundamental stellar parameters such as effective temperature and rotation.Aims. We compile a chromospheric activity catalogue of 4454 cool stars from a combination of archival HARPS spectra and multiple other surveys, including the Mount Wilson data that have recently been released by the NSO. We explore the variation in chromospheric activity of cool stars along the main sequence for stars with different effective temperatures. Additionally, we also perform an activity-cycle period search and investigate its relation with rotation.Methods. The chromospheric activity index, S-index, was measured for 304 main-sequence stars from archived high-resolution HARPS spectra. Additionally, the measured and archived S-indices were converted into the chromospheric flux ratio logRHK'. The activity-cycle periods were determined using the generalised Lomb-Scargle periodogram to study the active and inactive branches on the rotation – activity-cycle period plane.Results. The global sample shows that the bimodality of chromospheric activity, known as the Vaughan-Preston gap, is not prominent, with a significant percentage of the stars at an intermediate-activity level aroundR'HK= −4.75. Independently, the cycle period search shows that stars can lie in the region intermediate between the active and inactive branch, which means that the active branch is not as clearly distinct as previously thought.Conclusions. The weakening of the Vaughan-Preston gap indicates that cool stars spin down from a higher activity level and settle at a lower activity level without a sudden break at intermediate activity. Some cycle periods are close to the solar value between the active and inactive branch, which suggests that the solar dynamo is most likely a common case of the stellar dynamo.
Association between Germline Single-Nucleotide Variants in ADME Genes and Major Molecular Response to Imatinib in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients

Imatinib is the most common first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) used to treat chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML). However, only a proportion of patients achieve major molecular response (MMR), so there is a need to find biological factors that aid the selection of the optimal therapeutic strategy (imatinib vs. more potent second-generation TKIs). The aim of this retrospective study was to understand the contribution of germline single-nucleotide variants (gSNVs) in the achievement of MMR with imatinib. In particular, a discovery cohort including 45 CP-CML patients was analyzed through the DMET array, which interrogates 1936 variants in 231 genes related to the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) process. Variants statistically significant in the discovery cohort were then tested in an extended and independent cohort of 137 CP-CML patients. Finally, a total of 7 gSNVs (ABCG1-rs492338, ABCB11-rs496550, ABCB11-rs497692, CYP2D6-rs1135840, CYP11B1-rs7003319, MAT1A-rs4934027 and SLC22A1-rs628031) and one haplotype in the ABCB11 gene were significantly associated with the achievement of MMR with first-line imatinibtreatment. In conclusion, we identified a genetic signature of response to imatinib in CP-CML patients that could be useful in selecting those patients that may benefit from starting imatinib as first-line therapy, therefore avoiding the toxicity related to second-generation TKIs.
Nitrogen Allocation Tradeoffs Within-Leaf between Photosynthesis and High-Temperature Adaptation among Different Varieties of Pecan (Carya illinoinensis [Wangenh.] K. Koch)

Interpreting leaf nitrogen (N) allocation is essential to understanding leaf N cycling and the economy of plant adaptation to environmental fluctuations, yet the way these mechanisms shift in various varieties under high temperatures remains unclear. Here, eight varieties of pecan (Carya illinoinensis [Wangenh.] K. Koch), Mahan, YLC10, YLC12, YLC13, YLC29, YLC35, YLJ042, and YLJ5, were compared to investigate the effects of high temperatures on leaf N, photosynthesis, N allocation, osmolytes, and lipid peroxidation and their interrelations. Results showed that YLC35 had a higher maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax) and photosynthetic N-use efficiency (PNUE), while YLC29 had higher N content per area (Na) and lower PNUE. YLC35, with lower malondialdehyde (MDA), had the highest proportions of N allocation in rubisco (Pr), bioenergetics (Pb), and photosynthetic apparatus (Pp), while YLC29, with the highest MDA, had the lowest Pr, Pb, and Pp, implying more leaf N allocated to the photosynthetic apparatus for boosting PNUE or to non-photosynthetic apparatus for alleviating damage. Structural equation modeling (SEM) demonstrated that N allocation was affected negatively by leaf N and positively by photosynthesis, and their combination indirectly affected lipid peroxidation through the reverse regulation of N allocation. Our results indicate that different varieties of pecan employ different resource-utilization strategies and growth–defense tradeoffs for homeostatic balance under high temperatures.
Weak emitter-size effect in InP/In 0.37 Ga 0.63 As 0.89 Sb 0.11 /In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As double heterojunction bipolar transistors

This study shows that the current gain of InGaAsSb base DHBTs is less sensitive to the emitter size and collector current density (J C ) due to their low surface recombination. The deduced emitter periphery surface recombination current (K B,surf ) of type-I InP/In 0.37 Ga 0.63 As 0.89 Sb 0.11 HBTs is 1.57×10−5 µA/μm at J C = 0.1 A/cm2, which is twenty times lower than that of the conventional InP/InGaAs SHBTs. The results manifest the great potential of InGaAsSb base for aggressively scaled THz HBTs.
The high brightness temperature of B0529+483 revealed by RadioAstron and implications for interstellar scattering

The high brightness temperatures, $T_\mathrm{b}\gtrsim 10^{13}$ K, detected in several active galactic nuclei by RadioAstron space VLBI observations challenge theoretical limits. Refractive scattering by the interstellar medium may affect such measurements. We quantify the scattering properties and the sub-mas scale source parameters for the quasar B0529+483. Using RadioAstron correlated flux density measurements at 1.7, 4.8, and 22 GHz on projected baselines up to 240,000 km we find two characteristic angular scales in the quasar core, about 100 $\mu$as and 10 $\mu$as. Some indications of scattering substructure are found. Very high brightness temperatures, $T_\mathrm{b}\geq 10^{13}$ K, are estimated at 4.8 GHz and 22 GHz even taking into account the refractive scattering. Our findings suggest a clear dominance of the particle energy density over the magnetic field energy density in the core of this quasar.
Investigation of Single-stage and Two-stage Forming Limit Curve of Aluminum 6061 with Different Temperatures and Strain Rates

The Form Limit Curve (FLC) is an important and helpful concept for defining sheet metal ductility. The ductility of aluminum 6061 alloy sheet was analyzed in this work. The current study examined how to enhance the formation curve of aluminum 6061, which is frequently utilized in the automotive industry. These curves were plotted and compared at various temperatures and strain levels. Using the finite element approach, the formation curve of this alloy was produced under the impact of various temperatures and strain rates. The forming limit curve was accomplished in two-stage forming when the pre-stress was formed in the sheet, and this curve was predicted for different temperatures using the one-stage forming behavior pattern. It was determined that increasing the temperature led the curve to rise and fall, but increasing the strain rate caused the curve to fall and contract. It was also revealed that by using the curvature of the forming limit curve in single-stage forming at various temperatures and a two-stage forming limit curve at one temperature, it was feasible to estimate two-stage FLC at two temperatures.
Relação entre adesão a crenças meritocráticas e a renda familiar

A meritocracia pode ser considerada uma ideologia que coopera na justificação das desigualdades entre as classes existentes no sistema econômico. Isso se dá com a valorização de características como a competitividade, a habilidade e o esforço individual, desconsiderando fatores históricos, culturais e socioeconômicos. O objetivo da pesquisa foi caracterizar a adesão a crenças meritocráticas, vinculando as respostas obtidas à condição social do participante. Uma amostra de 1.233 adultos respondeu uma entrevista estruturada, indicando o grau de concordância com três sentenças a respeito do papel do esforço individual para o sucesso, a relação entre habilidade e remuneração e a desigualdade social. Os resultados indicaram que a renda dos indivíduos está associada à percepção da lógica meritocrática, posto que sujeitos com maiores rendas tenderam a questionar as generalizações, mas não deixam de aderir a sua lógica com veemência, valorizando esforço e manutenção das diferenças salariais pautadas no valor social agregado a determinadas habilidades. Já sujeitos com menor acesso a recursos demonstraram crer na meritocracia com menores questionamentos, emergindo assim as características ideológicas da meritocracia e as concepções dominantes de classes sociais mais abastadas.
Effect of Polytetrafluoroethylene Binder Content on Gravimetric Capacitance and Life Cycle Stability of Graphene Supercapacitor

One of the major elements in determining the supercapacitor performance is the development of a nano-layered structure through facilitating the surface-dependent electrochemical reaction processes. Carbon-based nanomaterials especially graphene, has attracted tremendous interest in electrical charge and power sources including supercapacitor because of their exceptional properties, which include high conductivity and large specific surface area. In this paper, the effect of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) binder ratio (1, 5, 10, and 15 wt. %) on the electrochemical performance of graphene supercapacitor are evaluated. In addition, the facile and scalable preparation of graphene electrodes by using low-cost slurry technique is proposed. From the conducted experimental works, it was found that the fabricated graphene electrodes exhibit superior electrochemical properties for supercapacitor applications with a specific gravimetric capacitance of up to 373 F g−1. Moreover, the graphene electrode presented excellent cyclic stability with 99 % specific capacitance retention after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles hence promising for long‐lasting supercapacitors. The outcomes from the deliberated study serve as the basis of knowledge in the development of a cost-effective graphene-based materials production for energy storage devices.
Losing insurance and psychiatric hospitalizations

We study the effect of losing insurance on psychiatric – mental health disorder (MHD) and substance use disorder (SUD) – hospital-based care. Psychiatric disorders cost the U.S. over $1T each year and hospitalizations provide important and valuable care for patients with these disorders. We use variation in public insurance coverage (Medicaid) eligibility offered by a large-scale and unexpected disenrollment in the state of Tennessee in 2005 that lead to 190,000 individuals losing their insurance. Medicaid enrollees are at elevated risk for psychiatric disorders. Following the disenrollment, hospitalizations for SUDs declined by 15.4 percent. Findings suggest that MHD hospitalizations declined by 4.2 percent, but the coefficient estimate is imprecise. The expected financing of hospital care received also changed, with the probability that Medicaid was listed as the expected payer for MHD and SUD hospitalizations declining by 27.5 percent and 30.8 percent respectively post-disenrollment. We provide suggestive evidence that psychiatric health declined post-disenrollment.