Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
applied cultural anthropology in alaska: new directions

This volume of the Alaska Journal of Anthropology (AJA) brings together papers presented at the 2006 meeting of the Society for Applied Anthropology (SfAA) in Vancouver, B.C. In response to a request by the president of SfAA for a significant “Alaska presence” at this most northerly conference ever held by the SfAA, thirty-three papers were solicited and presented, many in the area of cultural resource management (CRM), the rest in applied cultural anthropology. Although not the focus of this volume, CRM research is also a significant form of applied archaeology/anthropology in Alaska, requiring in its full dimension a clear delineation of the human/cultural aspects of such work and, where appropriate, framing the results in relevant anthropological theory. The essays presented here have two main foci: Urbanbased papers primarily on non-Alaska Native populations and urban/rural health/aging research among Alaska Natives. There are several aspects of these papers that are “new” in Alaska anthropology. First, there are three papers on Hispanic populations in Anchorage, by Raymond Wiest and his graduate student, Sara Komarnisky, who are both from Canada; and a paper by Belkis Marín Carrillo from the University of Alaska Anchorage’s master’s program in applied anthropology. No prior anthropological research on any current ethnic group in Alaska besides Alaska Natives, other than one on Filipinos, has been published. Another paper, by Meadow, Meek, and McNeeley from the University of Alaska Fairbanks, examines potential rural-urban migration scenarios in Fairbanks, among northern Alaska Native villagers, that might result from climate change impacts. Also, new in health and nutrition studies of Alaska Natives for AJA is a paper authored by Alaska Natives (Graves et al., who are not anthropologists). As we move to an expanded post-colonial collaboration in Alaska anthropology, it is hoped that more essays by Alaska Native scholars and researchers will be submitted to AJA. The two papers by Smith et al. on nutrition among rural and urban Alaska Natives were also primarily written by non anthropologists (co-author Wiedman of Florida International University is an anthropologist and former president of the National Association for the Practice of Anthropology); other co-authors of this paper are members of Alaska tribal elders councils. Urban and applied research often involves interdisciplinary and collaborative efforts as is evident in these papers. Finally, no prior volume of AJA has focused on applied cultural anthropology, although most of the cultural anthropological research in Alaska is and has been of an applied nature. Feldman, Langdon, and Natcher (2005) provide an overview of the history of applied cultural anthropology in Alaska. Their essay summarizes the accomplishments and gaps in applying cultural anthropology to Alaska contexts and issues. For those unfamiliar with the history and dimensions of applied anthropology, the following comments are provided.
Influence of specimen initial crack length on double K fracture parameter of concrete

The experimental result of wedge splitting test is presented in this paper. The sub critical crack propagation length  Δ a c is calculated according to the maximum load P max  and corresponding crack mouth opening displacement CMOD c on the basis of linear asymptotic theory. Furthermore, the initial fracture toughness K ini I c , unstable fracture toughness K un I c  and critical crack tip opening displacement CTOD c are obtained by using the fictitious crack model combining with linear elastic fracture theory. The result shows that the unstable fracture toughness K un I c , initial fracture toughness K ini I c  and CTOD c are independent of a 0/h when a 0/h of the specimen is ≥0 4. While the K ini I c  calculated from different cohesive stress equation will not be constant.
The “Orešje” Laramian Structure in the NE part of Medvednica Mt. (Croatia)

Structural features of Upper Triassic and Upper Cretaceous carbonaterocks of the Donje Orešje quarry were formed by tectonic deformationin temporally separated deformational events. The main structureis the complex Orešje structure with a N–S strike and E vergence. It iscomposed of several overturned anticlines in which either similar ordifferent structural forms were observed. The structure was formed byLaramian movements during the Alpine orogeny when the main stresswas oriented E–W. During the youngest Tertiary and Quaternarymovements, the Orešje structure was influenced by a N–S orientedstress whch resulted in folding and rotation of the main structural form.
An Investigation of the Connections among Convection, Clouds, and Climate Sensitivity in a Global Climate Model

AbstractThis study explores connections between process-level modeling of convection and global climate model (GCM) simulated clouds and cloud feedback to global warming through a set of perturbed-physics and perturbed sea surface temperature experiments. A bulk diagnostic approach is constructed, and a set of variables is derived and demonstrated to be useful in understanding the simulated relationship. In particular, a novel bulk quantity, the convective precipitation efficiency or equivalently the convective detrainment efficiency, is proposed as a simple measure of the aggregated properties of parameterized convection important to the GCM simulated clouds. As the convective precipitation efficiency increases in the perturbed-physics experiments, both liquid and ice water path decrease, with low and middle cloud fractions diminishing at a faster rate than high cloud fractions. This asymmetry results in a large sensitivity of top-of-atmosphere net cloud radiative forcing to changes in convective precipi.
Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on brain activity

Both natural and artificial extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) are reportedly found to be biologically active. Exposure effects of high frequency and high intensity EMFs especially from microwave devices and mobile phones are popularly discussed and researched as compared to exposure effects of ELF EMFs. Increased use of electricity during previous decades is causing greater or forced exposure to ELF EMFs. Exposure assessment of ELF EMFs in terms of health effects has proved to be a new area of research. The present study deals with effects of ELF EMFs on brain activity, electrophysiological signals and anxiety related issues. Previous efforts in this regards are identified and explored to illustra te the effects. The new areas of research are identified which can be extremely interesting for medical, bioelectromanetics and electrical engineering streams.
Spatial Biodiversity Patterns of Fish within the Aransas Bay Spatial Biodiversity Patterns of Fish within the Aransas Bay Complex, Texas Complex, Texas

A bstrAct : The goal of this study was to consider the effects of habitat type and environmental conditions on the biodiversity of fishes within the Aransas Bay Complex, Texas and provide a management framework and an ecosystem examination of Essential Fish Habitat (EFH). A stratified, randomized experimental design was used to collect fishes from seagrass, oyster, and non—vegetated habitats within the Aransas Bay Complex from February through May 2010 over large spatial scales at the “bay—complex” level. We developed a biodiversity habitat model using Boosted Regression Trees (BRT). Fitted functions from the “best” fit BRT habitat model indicated that fish biodiversity was greatest in seagrass areas closest to the inlet (< 80 cost—distance units) during early spring, with temperatures < 18°C and dissolved oxygen levels between 7—8 mg O 2 /L in shallow depths (< 0.5 m). Results from community assemblage analyses showed significant differences among habitats with highest abundance of fishes found in seagrass, followed by non—vegetated substrate, and oyster reef. The relatively high abundance of fishes at non—vegetated bottom compared to the low abundance found at the oyster reef was most likely due to the spatial location of the habitats sampled. Our results indicate that future conservation measures should focus along the eastern and southern areas of Aransas Bay to protect EFH with highest levels of biodiversity. The modeling approach developed in this study provides a framework for natural resource managers to identify habitats supporting the greatest biodiversity of juvenile fishes.
A Study of the Concept of Total Quality Management (TQM) and its Practice in Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (Msmes)

In the present-day competitive market, the concept of TQM (Total Quality Management) has gathered a lot of importance. For many years, Indian Government is making MSMEs compete with multinational companies both in domestic as well as in export market due to globalization of economy and liberalization of import regulation. But after the liberalization process, this concept has become imperative for very survival of MSMEs. The aim of the research is to study the concept of TQM and the extent MSMEs have understood and implemented TQM practices. It has been noted that the majority of MSMEs are aware of the importance of quality and have knowledge of TQM. These have implemented various quality practices to some extent. TQM philosophy has been adopted in the manufacturing sector though a large proportion of the industries are maintaining quality certifications. MSMEs are taking advantage of ISO 9001, TQM, and Six sigma to improve their system. Quality management tools are practiced in MSMEs. Among quality tools, TPM (Total Productive Maintenance), SQC (Statistical Quality Control), Flow charts, Check list, Quality circle, and Suggestion schemes are the most implemented tools.
Images of older workers

Information distributed via the news media is acknowledged as a potential source of negative beliefs about, and biased behaviors towards, olderworkers. FocusingontheNetherlands, thecurrentstudy explains age discrimination claims filed by older workers by investigating the impact of visibility and media stereotypes of older workers in the news media, while controlling for real-world events and older workers’ expectations of unemployment (2004 – 2014). The re-sults, based on time-series analysis, reveal that the visibility of older workers in the news media is associated with higher levels of age discrimination claims. This effect can be partly explained with the visibility of the negative media stereotype that older workers experience health problems in the content of news coverage. Furthermore, unemployment expectations decreased the number of age discrimination claims. These results offer support for the notion that the news environment is a source of variation in the experience of age discrimination at the workplace.
Community structure, regeneration potential and future dynamics of natural forest site in part of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Uttarakhand, India

Realizing the overarching values of forests and considering their depletion at unprecedented rate, conservation of forests has emerged as the prime objective across the globe. Forest vegetation of Pindari-Sunderdhunga-Kafni (PSK), a protected area, part of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve in west Himalaya was analyzed for structure, composition and development of future compositional patterns. Forest vegetation surveys were carried out enumerating ten 10 x 10 m quadrat for tree species in each of 30 forest stand complemented by shrub (five 2 x 2 m quadrat) and herb (ten 1 x 1 m quadrat) surveys within each stand. Floristic richness reveals 332 plant species from 11 representative forest communities. Broadly, the demographic profiles exhibited progressive structures suggesting long term persistence of the communities/species. Differences in regeneration behavior of various species are indicative of future structure and dynamics of the communities. Data sets in the present study established target site in NDBR as potential sites for long-term ecological monitoring under various change scenarios. Key words: Natural forests, regeneration pattern, population structure, compositional changes.
Cellular and Molecular Biology

: To replace synthetic preservatives and expand green consumption, several essential oils have been tested in foods and food packaging due to their antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to analyze the synergistic antimicrobial action of a chitosan-gelatin based active biopolymers with the addition of essential oils (EOs). The antimicrobial agents were tested against foodborne microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains. The antibacterial activity of Thymus vulgaris , Ocimum basilicum , Origanum majorana
Comparing heterogeneous distribution maps for marine species

Automated comparison of heterogeneous geographical distribution maps detects statistical or punctual differences between these maps. The maps’ contents are heterogeneous; they can differ in format, resolution and scale. In this paper, the comparison is applied to species distributions in geographic areas. We present an automatic procedure to compare distribution maps for marine species. The comparison calculates the similarities at two different granularities, a detailed one that relies on point-to-point comparisons and a more general one using Kappa statistic. Furthermore, our method compares global scale maps by applying a solution based on cloud computing. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by a practical use case and the efficiency by comparing it with a sequential computation. The method allows, for instance, marine biologists and fisheries managers to compare maps. The efficiency allows employing it in interactive systems that need to produce results in short time.
Load-Balanced Server-Aided MPC in Heterogeneous Computing

Most existing MPC protocols consider the homogeneous setting, where all the MPC players are assumed to have identical communication and computation resources. In practice, the weakest player often becomes the bottleneck of the entire MPC protocol execution. In this work, we initiate the study of so-called load-balanced MPC in the heterogeneous computing. A load-balanced MPC protocol can adjust the workload of each player accordingly to maximize the overall resource utilization. In particular, we propose new notions called composite circuit and composite garbling scheme , and construct two efficient server-aided protocols with malicious security and semi-honest security, respectively. Our maliciously secure protocol is over 400 × faster than the authenticated garbling protocol (CCS’17); our semi-honest protocol is up to 173 × faster than the optimized BMR protocol (CCS’16).
Social Exclusion of Youth in Europe

Most previous research in this area has addressed the drivers of youth job insecurity and especially youth unemployment. Gathering and implementing knowledge to prevent youth unemployment and support youth pathways out of temporary jobs is a highly relevant research activity. Moreover, there is also an urgent need to understand the consequences of such individual-level labour market insecurities, because unemployment along with extended periods of temporary employment, including a chain of mini-jobs, are a widespread phenomenon among youth. Likewise, policies need to be evaluated not only in terms of their ability to tackle youth labour market vulnerability per se, but also regarding the role these policies play in mitigating the consequences of labour market insecurity on other dimensions of young people’s lives. This book extends the limited amount of previous European comparative research in this field (see, for example, Blossfeld et al, 2005; Gallie, 2013; Vossemer et al, 2018; Stasiowski and Kłobuszewska, 2018; Högberg et al, 2019a, 2019b; Hvinden et al, 2019; Täht et al, 2020). The chapters of this book do not follow the same line of analysis for all countries, but take more of a comparative approach providing systematic in-depth insights into the different consequences of individual-level labour market insecurities in Europe for the risks of social exclusion of youth. Starting from a shared multilevel theoretical model, the book approaches this research topic empirically from a multimethod and European comparative perspective. The aim is to promote comparative qualitative research by adding to the almost non-existent qualitative literature on young people’s own perceptions of labour market insecurity from a comparative perspective. Taking both a short-and a long-term perspective, this book examines the microlevel effects of young people experiences of labour market
Flexible labour market and trade unions Surprising career paths of Dutch sub-Saharan Africans

Starting from the empirical evidence that minorities are more likely to work on flexible contracts, we investigated the existence of an ethnic gap in flexible contracts between the native Dutch population and sub-Saharan African immigrants between 2006 and 2012. The migrant group is taken as a test case of ‘outsiders’. This study found, quite surprisingly and contrary to what several theories predict, that the expected ethnic gap in job status between the two groups disappeared in the 6 years between 2006 and 2012. Many sub-Saharan Africans successfully transformed their flexible contracts into permanent ones, catching up with the native Dutch by 2012. The analysis of the statutory provisions showed that the workforce numerical composition in the cleaning industry was important for the inclusiveness of sub-Saharan immigrants. This numerical compositional effect was facilitated by the collective agreements negotiated by trade unions, agreements that were extended to temp workers. Sub-Saharan Africans, overrepresented in the cleaning industry, have benefited
Inequality in the gentrifying European city

In recent years several studies have highlighted how gentrification strategies are imposed under the discursive umbrella of ‘social mixing’. However, most evidence is based on Anglo-Saxon experiences. This chapter sets out to expand the geography of gentrification by looking at the representation of processes and policies of gentrification as put forward by key stakeholders in the Nord-Neukölln (Berlin) and Indische Buurt (Amsterdam). It shows that, in both contexts, stakeholders and policy documents actively engage with the concept of gentrification, rather than avoid it. Due to public-policy influence and local criticisms this engagement differs between both cases. In Nord-Neukölln the term is heavily contested and policymakers attempt to refute accusations of gentrification, while in the Indische Buurt, the process is explicitly pursued as a positive policy instrument by policymakers. Different representations within each case are shown to be influenced by the characteristics of in-moving and out-moving residents; the employed timeframe; and the perceived influence of institutions on urban regeneration.
Climatology of Aerosol Optical Properties at Storm Peak 1 Laboratory 2

1 Climatology of Aerosol Optical Properties at Storm Peak 1 Laboratory 2 Crystal M. Japngie-Green, Elisabeth Andrews, Ian B. McCubbin, John A. Ogren, 3 and Anna G. Hallar 4 5 Dept. Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA 6 Storm Peak Laboratory, Desert Research Institute, Steamboat Springs, CO, USA 7 NOAA, Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA 8 Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA 9 10 Abstract 11 Aerosols create large uncertainty in the planetary energy balance due to both direct and 12 indirect radiative forcing. Understanding aerosol seasonal patterns is essential for accurate 13 climate change prediction. Mountain regions are often difficult for climate models to resolve. 14 Therefore, long term observations collected at high elevations are particularly useful. In-situ 15 surface aerosol optical measurements were analyzed for the years 2011 – 2016 at a mountain site 16 located in western Colorado and tied to potential sources based on relationships among the 17 aerosol properties. 18 Peak scattering and absorption coefficients were observed during the summer months, 19 suggesting greater aerosol loading (likely due to wildfires), and were lowest during the winter 20 months indicating cleaner conditions (due to less boundary layer influence). The scattering 21 Ångström exponent, a property that provides information about size distributions, revealed 22 coarse-mode particles during the spring, which is consistent with dust aerosols. During the 23 summer months the scattering Ångström exponent revealed size distributions composed of 24 mostly fine-mode particles. This observed increase in fine particles points to the presence of 25
English to Arabic machine translation of mathematical documents

This paper is about the development of a machine translation system tailored specifically for LATEX mathematical documents. The system focuses on translating English LATEX mathematical documents into Arabic LATEX, catering to the growing demand for multilingual accessibility in scientific and mathematical literature. With the vast proliferation of LATEX mathematical documents the need for an efficient and accurate translation system has become increasingly essential. This paper addresses the necessity for a robust translation tool that enables seamless communication and comprehension of complex mathematical content across language barriers. The proposed system leverages a Transformer model as the core of the translation system, ensuring enhanced accuracy and fluency in the translated Arabic LATEX documents. Furthermore, the integration of RyDArab, an Arabic mathematical TEX extension, along with a rule-based translator for Arabic mathematical expressions, contributes to the precise rendering of complex mathematical symbols and equations in the translated output. The paper discusses the architecture, methodology, of the developed system, highlighting its efficacy in bridging the language gap in the domain of mathematical documentation.
Basement Structure Offshore Dahomey Basin, Nigeria: New Insights from Aeromagnetic and 3D Seismic Interpretation

The basement structure offshore Dahomey Basin Nigeria was investigated in this study using geophysical attributes interpreted from high-resolution aeromagnetic (HRAM) and 3D seismic data. Edge detection filtering including first vertical derivative (FVD), tilt derivative (TDR) and total horizontal derivative of upward continuation (THDR_UC) to 10km was applied to the HRAM data to locate the contacts of geological features. Depth to magnetic sources and sedimentary thickness was determined using the source parameter imaging (SPI) method. Volumetric attributes analysis enabled mapping of the basement surface and basement faults from the 3D seismic volume. From the data interpretation results, we propose a new structural model of the offshore Dahomey Basin. The study area is characterized by conjugate wrench systems dominated by rotated and tilted fault blocks and horst-graben features. Arising from this, there is a better understanding of the dominant influence that oceanic transform faults and the basement architecture play on the development and petroleum geology of the basin. Major trends of the faults are in the NNE-SSW, NE-SW, NW-SE, and WNW-ESE directions. The regional tilt of the basement is both to the south and east, resulting in a series of half-graben sub-basins trending in the ENE-WSW and NW-SE directions. Basement depth and sedimentary thickness within these sub-basins range between 4.5 – 6.3km. The sub-basins present potential prospective zones where further exploration efforts should be intensified. The overall implications of the regional tectonic trends and stress-field direction on petroleum systems development, trap styles, and hydrocarbon prospectivity in the basin are discussed