Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Significance of fatty liver index to detect prevalent ischemic heart disease: evidence from national health and nutrition examination survey 1999–2016

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) contributes to the development of ischemic heart disease via multiple mechanisms. Fatty liver index (FLI) has been proposed as an accurate, convenient, and economic surrogate of the severity of NAFLD. Our present study aims to assess the association between FLI and the prevalent IHD and to evaluate the potential value of FLI to refine the detection of prevalent IHD in the general population. Methods Our work recruited 32,938 subjects from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2016. IHD was diagnosed according to the subjects’ self-report. FLI was determined based on triglycerides, BMI, γ-glutamyltransferase, and waist circumference. Results 2,370 (7.20%) subjects were diagnosed with IHD. After adjustment of age, sex, race, current smoking, current drinking, PIR, BMI, WC, TC, TG, GGT, Scr, FPG, SBP, anti-hypertensive therapy, anti-diabetic therapy, and lipid-lowering therapy, one standard deviation increase of FLI resulted in a 27.0% increment of the risk of prevalent IHD. In the quartile analysis, we observed a 1.684 times risk of prevalent IHD when comparing the fourth quartile with the first quartile, and there was a trend towards higher risk across the quartiles. The smooth curve fitting displayed a linear relationship between FLI and the presence of IHD without any threshold or saturation effect. Subgroup analysis revealed a robust association in conventional cardiovascular subpopulations, and the association could be more prominent in female subjects and diabetes patients. ROC analysis demonstrated an incremental value of FLI for detecting prevalent IHD after introducing it to conventional cardiovascular risk factors (AUC: 0.823 vs. 0.859, P for comparison <0.001). Also, results from reclassification analysis implicated that more IHD patients could be correctly identified by introducing FLI into conventional cardiovascular risk factors (continuous net reclassification index: 0.633, P < 0.001; integrated discrimination index: 0.034, P < 0.001). Conclusion The current analysis revealed a positive and linear relationship between FLI and the prevalent IHD. Furthermore, our findings suggest the incremental value of FLI to refine the detection of prevalent IHD in the general population.
Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic in behavioral finance

As a result of changing and evolving times, there is a growing realization that dogmatic economic theories cannot meet the practical needs of market analysis. Under such circumstances, behavioral economics came into being. This paper briefly introduces the origins of behavioral finance, highlighting the role of anchoring and adjustment effects, two psychological heuristic bias in the financial market, and analyzing the pros and cons and countermeasures. From the Nobel Prize of Richard Thaler in 2017, people began to realize the importance of behavioral finance and separating it with normal economic. To understand the way to introduce social psychology phenomenon to economic, we start from explaining anchoring bias on customers and then point out how people use adjustment behavior to correct it and the importance of this behavior. The explain of concept is followed with four familiar and detailed examples of the anchoring and adjustment heuristic in behavioral finance. The examples are all about how to use anchoring and adjustment strategy. First, we will talk about product display and marketing using this strategy. The brands set up an expensive and luxury product to give customers a high prediction of the price of the product they will actually buy. When they see the actual price of the product they are going to buy, it would be much lower that there expect. As a result, they would regard themselves as picking up a bargain and purchase it without hesitation. Similarly, in a court of law, judges are influenced by juries, proving that the anchoring effect does not change depending on the amount of knowledge base (non-experts can influence experts). Also, the anchoring effect can be applied to games. People can judge the psychological price floor of their opponents by first offer thus gaining higher returns. The emergence and popularity of the interdisciplinary discipline of behavioral economics also reflects the need for interdisciplinary connections and innovation.
Automatic Identification of Glomerular in Whole-Slide Images Using a Modified UNet Model

Glomeruli are interconnected capillaries in the renal cortex that are responsible for blood filtration. Damage to these glomeruli often signifies the presence of kidney disorders like glomerulonephritis and glomerulosclerosis, which can ultimately lead to chronic kidney disease and kidney failure. The timely detection of such conditions is essential for effective treatment. This paper proposes a modified UNet model to accurately detect glomeruli in whole-slide images of kidney tissue. The UNet model was modified by changing the number of filters and feature map dimensions from the first to the last layer to enhance the model’s capacity for feature extraction. Moreover, the depth of the UNet model was also improved by adding one more convolution block to both the encoder and decoder sections. The dataset used in the study comprised 20 large whole-side images. Due to their large size, the images were cropped into 512 × 512-pixel patches, resulting in a dataset comprising 50,486 images. The proposed model performed well, with 95.7% accuracy, 97.2% precision, 96.4% recall, and 96.7% F1-score. These results demonstrate the proposed model’s superior performance compared to the original UNet model, the UNet model with EfficientNetb3, and the current state-of-the-art. Based on these experimental findings, it has been determined that the proposed model accurately identifies glomeruli in extracted kidney patches.
Early Maize Pollen from Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, USA

Pollen concentrations containing abundant Zea mays pollen grains are AMS radiocarbon dated 3940 + 40 to 2450 + 40 14C years BP. The maize pollen is from two prehistoric woodrat (Neotoma) middens that occur in fractures in the south-facing sandstone cliff at Chaco Culture National Historical Park. The diameters of the Archaic-age maize pollen grains are significantly larger than Puebloan and modern maize pollen. The size distributions of the earliest Zea grain populations are not normal, suggesting the possibility that more than one variety of maize is represented by the pollen. The occurrence of large numbers of maize pollen grains as well as pollen from weedy plants indicates the nearby presence of an Archaic cornfield, now buried in alluvial fill adjacent to the cliff. It was also found that the AMS radiocarbon ages of the pollen concentrations differ significantly from the age of twigs from the same woodrat middens. Because of the strong age differences of components of woodrat middens, pollen assemblages should be dated independent of plant macrofossils.
Current and Emerging Strategies to Treat Urothelial Carcinoma

Simple Summary Urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) is the ninth most common cancer worldwide and in the US the fourth most common cancer, with ~82,000 new cases (~62,000 men) diagnosed annually leading to ~17,000 deaths/year (~12,000 men). While early-stage cases exhibit more favorable outcomes, the emergence of drug resistance and distant metastasis reduces median overall survival (OS) to 12–15 months. The development of modern genetic and molecular assays to detect high-risk mutations has improved the detection of high-risk disease. Recently, immune therapies have been developed; these demonstrate markedly improved OS rates compared to treatment with chemotherapy alone. However, challenges persist and there remains an urgent, unmet need to develop and advance novel molecular and therapeutic strategies that prevent or overcome drug resistance, to improve patient outcome. Here, we provide an overview of the etiology, diagnostic approach and emerging therapeutic strategies for improving UCC patient quality of life and OS. Abstract Urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC, bladder cancer, BC) remains a difficult-to-treat malignancy with a rising incidence worldwide. In the U.S., UCC is the sixth most incident neoplasm and ~90% of diagnoses are made in those >55 years of age; it is ~four times more commonly observed in men than women. The most important risk factor for developing BC is tobacco smoking, which accounts for ~50% of cases, followed by occupational exposure to aromatic amines and ionizing radiation. The standard of care for advanced UCC includes platinum-based chemotherapy and programmed cell death (PD-1) or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, administered as frontline, second-line, or maintenance therapy. UCC remains generally incurable and is associated with intrinsic and acquired drug and immune resistance. UCC is lethal in the metastatic state and characterized by genomic instability, high PD-L1 expression, DNA damage-response mutations, and a high tumor mutational burden. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) achieve long-term durable responses in other cancers, their ability to achieve similar results with metastatic UCC (mUCC) is not as well-defined. Here, we discuss therapies to improve UCC management and how comprehensive tumor profiling can identify actionable biomarkers and eventually fulfill the promise of precision medicine for UCC patients.
PHONOTACTIC AND PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM IN KEMPO AND S>H KOLANG SUBDIALECTS

This study explores the phonological system in the Kempo subdialect (MSdK) and S>H Kolang subdialect (MSdS>H) in West Manggarai Regency. The study was conducted at nine survey sites by interviewing 200 vocabularies compiled by Swadesh. I analyzed the data by comparing the phonological systems between the two subdialects and formulating the possibilities of their occurrence in the word. The results show that the two subdialects have slightly different phonological systems. They have a different inventory of vowel phonemes: 15 consonant sounds in MSdK and 17 consonant sounds in MSdS>H. This study also found three non-pulmonic consonant phonemes in the two subdialects: bilabial /ɓ/, Alveolar /ɗ/, and Velar /ɠ/. In the case of the two subdialects, the non-pulmonic consonant phonemes have unique characteristics: (1) appearing in the initial and middle positions of words, making it impossible for three pulmonic consonants (i.e., consonants /b/, /d/, and /g /) to appear in the initial position. The existence of the three consonant phonemes only appears when at the beginning of the word, it is preceded by another consonant forming a cluster and located on the first syllable (i.e., /mb/, /nd/, and /ŋg/). The two subdialects also have a relatively similar inventory of vocal phonemes: 6 vowel phonemes. Diphthongs are almost identical between the two subdialects, 7 diphthongs which only appear in mono-syllable words and are located at the end of words. In contrast, two additional diphthongs in MSdS>H appear in two-syllable words and the middle position of the word.
Factors Influencing Neonatal Gut Microbiome and Health with a Focus on Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Maturational changes in the gut start in utero and rapidly progress after birth, with some functions becoming fully developed several months or years post birth including the acquisition of a full gut microbiome, which is made up of trillions of bacteria of thousands of species. Many factors influence the normal development of the neonatal and infantile microbiome, resulting in dysbiosis, which is associated with various interventions used for neonatal morbidities and survival. Extremely low gestational age neonates (<28 weeks’ gestation) frequently experience recurring arterial oxygen desaturations, or apneas, during the first few weeks of life. Apnea, or the cessation of breathing lasting 15–20 s or more, occurs due to immature respiratory control and is commonly associated with intermittent hypoxia (IH). Chronic IH induces oxygen radical diseases of the neonate, including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), the most common and devastating gastrointestinal disease in preterm infants. NEC is associated with an immature intestinal structure and function and involves dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, inflammation, and necrosis of the intestinal mucosal layer. This review describes the factors that influence the neonatal gut microbiome and dysbiosis, which predispose preterm infants to NEC. Current and future management and therapies, including the avoidance of dysbiosis, the use of a human milk diet, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, restricted antibiotics, and fecal transplantation, for the prevention of NEC and the promotion of a healthy gut microbiome are also reviewed. Interventions directed at boosting endogenous and/or exogenous antioxidant supplementation may not only help with prevention, but may also lessen the severity or shorten the course of the disease.
Resultados percibidos obtenidos por las empresas asociados al uso de las prácticas de alta implicación (HIWP) (perceived results obtained by companies associated to the use of high involvement work practices)

El objetivo principal de este articulo es investigar las relaciones entre las practicas de alta implicacion (HIWP) y los resultados percibidos por los mandos de las empresas. En la investigacion identificamos los metaanalisis y revisiones de literatura realizados en los ultimos 25 anos. Aportamos una revision de literatura de los articulos publicados en los anos no contenidos en las revisiones anteriores (del 2007 al 2011) y que analizan la asociacion de los indicadores de productividad, satisfaccion, calidad, competitividad o atencion al cliente como resultados de la aplicacion de las HIWP. Como principal conclusion podemos indicar que la adopcion de las HIWP, en general, aporta resultados positivos a las organizaciones. (The main goal of this article is to investigate the relationships between high involvement work practices (HIWP) and the results perceived by managers of the companies using them. In the research we identify both the meta-analyses and the literature reviews done in the last 25 years. We present a revision of the literature of the articles published in the years not included in the previous revisions (from 2007 to 2011) and that analyze the association of productivity, satisfaction, quality, competitiveness or customer care indicators, as a result of the use of HIWP. As a main conclusion we can show that the adoption of HIWP, in general, contribute with positive results to the organizations).
All Else Equal: Are Public and Private Schools Different?

Preface 1. Recasting Public and Private Education in Post-Industrial America 2. Should We Expect Private and Public Schooling To Be Organized Differently? 3. Student Achievement and Client Orientation in Public and Private Schools 4. The Organization of Schooling in Public and Private Schools 5. How Different are Public Schools From Private References
Overview of Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Modulation Techniques for Dual Active Bridge Converter

With the increasing popularity of renewable energy and electric terminal equipment, the large-scale application of isolated bidirectional dc–dc converters (IBDCs) is growing. Among these converters, the dual active bridge (DAB) converter, as the core topology of IBDCs, has garnered significant attention due to its bidirectional power transmission capability, simple modularity, and wide soft-switching range. To enhance the efficiency of DAB, various multi-degree-of-freedom (M-DOF) modulation techniques and related solutions have been proposed. However, there is currently a lack of in-depth understanding and thorough comparison of different M-DOF modulation techniques, making it difficult to obtain the optimal solution for different application scenarios. Therefore, based on the latest research and contributions, this article provides an overview of M-DOF, including models, objectives, and algorithms. Furthermore, the existing typical M-DOF modulation techniques are compared through experiments, exploring the differences and advantages among these technologies. Through these analyses, this article offers robust support for the advancement and application of M-DOF modulation techniques in DAB converters.
Quantitative Analysis of Worm Transmission and Insider Risks in Air-Gapped Networking Using a Novel Machine Learning Approach

Researchers and practitioners in the fields of science and engineering encounter significant challenges when it comes to mitigating the proliferation of computer worms, owing to their rapid spread within computer and communication networks. This study delves into a comprehensive analysis of the mathematical model governing the hazard of worm propagation in such networks. Specifically, the mathematical framework employed herein encompasses a system of ordinary differential equations. In numerous instances, mathematical models have been employed to quantitatively investigate the propagation patterns of worms across computer networks. In this scholarly article, we present an enhanced Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Quarantined-Vaccinated (SEIQV) model, denoted as Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Quarantined-Patched (SEIQP), which effectively captures the dissemination dynamics of an insider threat within a network featuring air gaps. To facilitate the study, we leverage the power of feedforward neural networks that are trained using the backpropagated Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm. These neural networks serve as surrogate tools, providing solutions to the SEIQP model. To evaluate the efficacy of our approach, we meticulously assess their performance across three distinct scenarios. Additionally, the stability of the mathematical model is examined by manipulating the probability of an insider threat removing a patch from the host, denoted as $\eta $ . Our empirical findings conclusively establish the effectiveness of the proposed approach in addressing the intricate challenges associated with insider threats within network environments.
Development of a Microfluidic Device for Exosome Isolation in Point-of-Care Settings

Exosomes have gained recognition in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. However, most exosome isolation methods are time-consuming, costly, and require bulky equipment, rendering them unsuitable for point-of-care (POC) settings. Microfluidics can be the key to solving these challenges. Here, we present a double filtration microfluidic device that can rapidly isolate exosomes via size-exclusion principles in POC settings. The device can efficiently isolate exosomes from 50–100 µL of plasma within 50 min. The device was compared against an already established exosome isolation method, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based precipitation. The findings showed that both methods yield comparable exosome sizes and purity; however, exosomes isolated from the device exhibited an earlier miRNA detection compared to exosomes obtained from the PEG-based isolation. A comparative analysis of exosomes collected from membrane filters with 15 nm and 30 nm pore sizes showed a similarity in exosome size and miRNA detection, with significantly increased sample purity. Finally, TEM images were taken to analyze how the developed devices and PEG-based isolation alter exosome morphology and to analyze exosome sizes. This developed microfluidic device is cost-efficient and time-efficient. Thus, it is ideal for use in low-resourced and POC settings to aid in cancer and disease diagnostics and therapeutics.
Low‐speed solar wind from the vicinity of solar active regions

We have investigated the origin of low-speed winds observed in association with active regions near the equator at times of solar activity minimum. The solar wind velocity distribution on a source surface at 2.5 Rs is derived by interplanetary scintillation tomographic analysis, and compact low-speed regions in it are investigated in relation to active regions and large-flux-expansion regions. We show that although the low-speed regions tend to be located near active regions, they are more closely associated with large flux expansion from the vicinity of active regions. We find that slow solar wind does not arise from closed magnetic loops above an active region, but instead the low-speed stream originates from the vicinity of one polarity side of the active region. Therefore the low-speed stream, unlike the helmet streamer, has a single magnetic polarity. This can explain why compact low-speed streams are often not associated with a heliospheric current sheet.
THE VERTICAL STRUCTURE OF DENSITY AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS: THEORY AND OBSERVATIONS

A simple numerical model is developed that successfully simulates observations of small-scale, laboratory, density currents flowing down inclines of constant slope. The model results suggest that laboratory determinations of the bulk Richardson number have been biased by molecular processes but that determinations of the entrainment coefficient are probably applicable to large-scale currents, and even to turbidity currents in which the gravitational driving force is provided by suspended sediment. The entrainment coefficient is a function of the gradient Richardson number Ri above the velocity maximum in both density and turbidity currents; Ri is itself a strong function of the bottom slope but not of the sediment settling velocity or the roughness of the bottom boundary. Therefore for a given bottom slope the entrainment coefficient is uniquely defined. The bulk Richardson number Ri0, on the other hand, is additionally a function of the drag coefficient, which depends on both the Reynolds number and the bottom roughness. However, Ri0 is not a strong function of the sediment settling velocity as long as the current is energetic enough to maintain sediment in suspension.
The Relationship among Policy Burden, Transparency of Accounting Information and Enterprise Value of State-owned Enterprises

: This paper takes the state-owned listed companies from 2009 to 2018 as the research object, measures the policy burden with the excess employee rate, and investigates how the policy burden of state-owned enterprises affects the enterprise value through the transparency of accounting information. Our results lead to the following conclusions: first, there is a significant negative correlation between the policy burden of state-owned enterprises and enterprise value. Second, the above effects of state-owned enterprise policy burden on enterprise value will be significantly different under different degrees of accounting information transparency. Lower accounting information transparency will strengthen the negative impact of state-owned enterprise policy burden on enterprise value; Higher accounting information transparency will inhibit the negative impact of policy burden on enterprise value. The research conclusion of this paper provides a theoretical basis for state-owned enterprises to optimize governance effect, improve information transparency and reduce agency cost.