Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In-Vehicle Technologies and Driver Distraction

E R G O N O M I C S I N D E S I G N 2 9 Shutko and Tijerina article in this issue. ) Although speech-based systems reduce the load on a driver’s visual system, such systems are not without flaws. For example, Lee, Caven, Haake, and Brown (2001) found that speechbased e-mail systems slowed drivers’ response to the braking of a lead vehicle. Drivers also perceived their workload as being higher when interacting with the system tested in this study. Designers should recognize that speech-based interfaces are not infallible and can compete with some of the cognitive resources required for driving – and can even give rise to distraction. It is important that speechbased systems be tested for effects on driving, as should visual-manual interfaces, prior to release in a product. (Also see Geisler and Tengler’s article in this issue.) In addition to design interventions, training can mitigate the distracting effects of concurrent tasks. Horrey, Lesch, Kramer, and Melton (2009) examined the effects of computerbased training on young drivers’ willingness to engage in in-vehicle distracting activities. The training technique aimed at developing drivers’ metacognitive skills so that they were able to monitor and adjust their performance. The training module included general information and demonstrations of distraction, as well as techniques for dealing with it. Drivers who received the training perceived the risk associated with concurrent in-vehicle distracting activities as higher and reported being less willing to perform such activities while driving, compared with the group that received no training. The individuals who received the training were also more likely to wait until the vehicle stopped to engage in the distracting activities. (In addition to training, other types of outreach are covered by Strayer and by McGehee in this issue.) RESEARCH DIGEST
The Korean Self-evaluation Questionnaire for Functional Dyspepsia

c 2022 The Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility J Neurogastroenterol Motil, Vol. 28 No. 1 January, 2022 www.jnmjournal. org Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a prevalent gastrointestinal (GI) disorder in Korea. Although several symptom generating mechanisms have been discovered, the pathophysiology of FD remains to be elucidated. Clinical outcomes for FD are also not satisfactory. Accordingly, FD leads to a poor quality of life (QOL) and places a heavy medical burden on patients. Therefore, relevant clinical and experimental trials continue to be performed. As diagnosis of FD is symptom-based, accurate symptom evaluation is crucial for conducting research successively. Patients need to provide information regarding their feeling, symptoms, and any effects of treatment in a high-quality clinical practice. Thus, we have recognized the importance of considering patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Jung et al have published in this edition of the Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility their work that developed and validated a self-evaluation questionnaire for dyspepsia (SEQ-DYSPEPSIA) that is written in Korean, and is easily applicable to Korean patients. The SEQ-DYSPEPSIA is composed of 11 questions mainly addressing the severity and frequency of FD and upper GI symptoms (UGISs) over a 2-week recall period, and is divided into the typical FD, major FD, and other UGISs. Other UGISs were included for the purpose of confirming the overlap or differential diagnosis with other upper GI disorders mimicking FD. Validity was evaluated using the Patient Assessment of GI Symptom Severity Index (PAGI-SYM), Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Korean version (NDI-K), and validated NDI-K QOL questionnaires. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire was confirmed in a whole (SEQ-DYSPEPSIA) and in subscales with typical FD symptoms (SEQ-typical FD) and major FD symptoms (SEQ-major FD). All questionnaires were reliable and SEQ-DYSPEPSIA showed the highest reliability. In terms of validity, all also highly correlated with the PAGI-SYM postprandial fullness/early satiety subscale, and NDI-K total and dyspepsia subscales. In addition, SEQ-typical FD highly correlated with the PAGI-SYM upper abdominal pain subscale. Furthermore, modest correlation with NDI-K QOL was noticed in SEQ-DYSPEPIA and 2 subscales. In the treatment population, the score of SEQ-DYSPEPIA and 2 subscales was significantly decreased in the responder group than in the non-responder. The SEQ-DYSPEPSIA seems to be a highly reliable and valid PRO instrument with a good medical responsiveness index in Korean patients with FD. This questionnaire also contains questions regarding not typical but often present symptoms in patients with JNM J Neurogastroenterol Motil, Vol. 28 No. 1 January, 2022 pISSN: 2093-0879 eISSN: 2093-0887 https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm21222 Editorial Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
Asymptotic analysis of a Stackelberg differential game for insurance under model ambiguity

ABSTRACT We consider the problem of to which extent a diffusion process serves as a valid approximation of the classical Cramér-Lundberg (CL) risk process for a Stackelberg differential game between a buyer and a seller of insurance. We show that the equilibrium for the diffusion approximation equals the limit of the equilibrium for the scaled CL process, and it is nearly optimal for the pre-limit problem. Specifically, if the loss process follows a CL risk process and ambiguity is measured via entropic divergence, then the Stackelberg equilibrium of the diffusion approximation with squared-error divergence approximates the equilibrium for the former model to order , in which we scale the CL model via n, as in Cohen and Young [(2020). Rate of convergence of the probability of ruin in the Cramér-Lundberg model to its diffusion approximation. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 93: 333–340].
Analyzing the Androgen Receptor Interactome in Prostate Cancer: Implications for Therapeutic Intervention

The androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the ligand-activated nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. AR’s transactivation activity is turned on by the binding of androgens, the male sex steroid hormones. AR is critical for the development and maintenance of the male phenotype but has been recognized to also play an important role in human diseases. Most notably, AR is a major driver of prostate cancer (CaP) progression, which remains the second leading cause of cancer deaths in American men. Androgen deprivation therapies (ADTs) that interfere with interactions between AR and its activating androgen ligands have been the mainstay for treatment of metastatic CaP. Although ADTs are effective and induce remissions, eventually they fail, while the growth of the majority of ADT-resistant CaPs remains under AR’s control. Alternative approaches to inhibit AR activity and bypass resistance to ADT are being sought, such as preventing the interaction between AR and its cofactors and coregulators that is needed to execute AR-dependent transcription. For such strategies to be efficient, the 3D conformation of AR complexes needs to be well-understood and AR-regulator interaction sites resolved. Here, we review current insights into these 3D structures and the protein interaction sites in AR transcriptional complexes. We focus on methods and technological approaches used to identify AR interactors and discuss challenges and limitations that need to be overcome for efficient therapeutic AR complex disruption.
A Generalized Approach to Radiometric Compensation

Video projectors have evolved tremendously in the last decade. Reduced costs and increasing capabilities have led to widespread applications in home entertainment and visualization. The rapid development is continuing. Projector-camera systems enable a completely automatic calibration. Novel image compensation techniques that allow seamless projections onto complex everyday surfaces have recently been proposed. They support the presentation of visual content in situations where projection-optimized screens are not available or not desired - as in museums, historic sites, air-plane cabins, or stage performances. Furthermore, the anticipated mobility enabled through laptops and pocket projectors will also imply the possibility to use on-site surfaces for presentations instead of carrying projection screens. So far, existing compensation methods consider only local illumination eﬀects, such as diﬀuse reﬂections - which is suﬃcient for many situations. Global illumination eﬀects, such as inter-reﬂections, refractions, scattering, etc. are ignored. We propose a novel method that applies the light transport matrix for performing an image-based radiometric compensation which accounts for all possible types of light modulation. For practical application the matrix is decomposed into clusters of mutually inﬂuencing projector and camera pixels. The compensation is modeled as a linear system that can be solved with respect to the projector patterns. Precomputing the inverse light transport in combination with an eﬃcient implementation on the GPU makes interactive compensation rates possible. Our generalized method uniﬁes existing approaches that address individual problems. Based on examples, we show that it is possible to project corrected images onto complex surfaces such as an inter-reﬂecting statuette, glossy wallpaper, or through highly-refractive glass. Furthermore, we illustrate that a side-eﬀect of our approach is an increase in the overall sharpness of defocused projections.
Central values of additive twists of Maa{\ss} forms $L$-functions

In the present paper we study the central values of additive twists of Maa{\ss} forms $L$-series. In the case of the modular group, we show that the additive twists (when averaged over denominators) are asymptotically normally distributed. This supplements the recent work of Petridis--Risager which settled an averaged version of a conjecture of Mazur--Rubin concerning modular symbols. The methods of the present paper combine dynamical input due to Bettin and the first named author with the new fact that the additive twists define quantum modular forms in the sense of Zagier. This latter property is shown for a general discrete, co-finite group with cusps. Our results also has a number of arithmetic applications; in the case of Hecke congruence groups the quantum modularity implies certain reciprocity relations for twisted moments of twisted ${\rm GL}_2$-automorphic $L$-functions, extending results of Conrey and the second named author. In the case of cuspidal Maa{\ss} forms for the modular group, we also obtain a calculation of certain wide moments of twists of the $L$-function of the Maa{\ss} form.
Exact Minimum Number of Bits to Stabilize a Linear System

We consider an unstable scalar linear stochastic system, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X_{n+1}=a X_n + Z_n - U_n$</tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$a \geq 1$</tex-math></inline-formula> is the system gain, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Z_n$</tex-math></inline-formula>s are independent random variables with bounded <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha$</tex-math></inline-formula>th moments, and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$U_n$</tex-math></inline-formula>s are the control actions that are chosen by a controller who receives a single element of a finite set <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lbrace 1, \ldots, M\rbrace$</tex-math></inline-formula> as its only information about system state <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X_i$</tex-math></inline-formula>. We show new proofs that <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M > a$</tex-math></inline-formula> is necessary and sufficient for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta$</tex-math></inline-formula>-moment stability, for any <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta < \alpha$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Our achievable scheme is a uniform quantizer of the zoom-in/zoom-out type that codes over multiple time instants for data rate efficiency; the controller uses its memory of the past to correctly interpret the received bits. We analyze the performance of our scheme using probabilistic arguments. We show a simple proof of a matching converse using information-theoretic techniques. Our results generalize to vector systems, to systems with dependent Gaussian noise, and to the scenario in which a small fraction of transmitted messages is lost.
Book Review: Reading Computer-Generated Texts

the potential to connect and galvanize counterpublics by highlighting and amplifying voices that speak out against the evangelical power structure” (p. 141). Because podcasts have a lower barrier to entry, curate authentic connections, and exist apart from powerful institutions and threatening trolls, Black Christians and other marginalized individuals are given a voice and space to discuss relevant issues. Redeem All’s overall focus on digital habitus is an effective approach that ties together disparate case studies from how evangelicals embrace elements of digital culture when it is useful for proselytizing to how emerging influencers challenge and critique evangelical institutions. The book would benefit from a longer conclusion that brings the case studies into conversation, especially since the cases represent both traditional missionizing work and progressive critiques. In addition to contributing to the scholarship on media and American evangelicalism, this book is relevant to readers interested in digital media studies, especially the chapters on how social media influencers, hashtags, and podcasts develop counterpublics for marginalized groups. The contemporary case studies offer an engaging read for courses on media and religion or digital media and identity.
Lyoprotectant Formulation and Optimization of the J-Aggregates Astaxanthin/BSA/Chitosan Nanosuspension

Astaxanthin is a carotenoid with excellent antioxidant activity. However, this small lipid-soluble molecule is insoluble in water and has low stability. Although this situation can be improved when astaxanthin is prepared as a nanosuspension, the aqueous form is still not as convenient and safe as the dry powder form for storage, transport, and use. The lyophilization process provides better protection for thermosensitive materials, but this leads to collapse and agglomeration between nanoparticles. To improve this situation, appropriate lyophilization protectants are needed to offer support between the nanoparticles, such as sugars, amino acids, and hydroxy alcohols. The purpose of this work is to screen lyophilization protectants by single-factor experiments and response surface optimization experiments and then explore the optimal ratio of compound lyophilization protectants, and finally, make excellent astaxanthin/BSA/chitosan nanosuspension (ABC-NPs) lyophilized powder. The work shows that the optimal ratio of the compounding lyophilization protectant is 0.46% oligomeric mannose, 0.44% maltose, and 0.05% sorbitol (w/v). The ABC-NPs lyophilized powder prepared under the above conditions had a re-soluble particle size of 472 nm, with a ratio of 1.32 to the particle size of the sample before lyophilization. The lyophilized powder was all in the form of a pink layer. The sample was fluffy and dissolved entirely within 10 s by shaking with water. Consequently, it is expected to solve the problem of inconvenient storage and transportation of aqueous drugs and to expand the application of nanomedicine powders and tablets.
Detection of dermal systemic sclerosis using noncontact optical coherence elastography

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease that results in excessive accumulation of collagen in the skin and internal organs. Overall, SSc is a rare disorder, but has a high mortality, particularly in last decade of life. To improve the survival rate, an accurate and early diagnosis is crucial. Currently, the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) is the gold standard for evaluating SSc progression based on clinical palpation at 17 sites on the body. However, this procedure can be time consuming, and the assessed score may be biased by the experience of the clinician, causing inter- and intraobserver variabilities. Moreover, the instrinsic elasticity of skin may further bias the mRSS assessment in the early stages of SSc, such as oedematous. To overcome these limitations, there is a need for a rapid, accurate, and objective assessment technique. Optical coherence elastography (OCE) is a novel, rapidly emerging technique, which can assess mechanical contrast in tissues with micrometer spatial resolution. In this work, we demonstrate the first use of OCE to assess the mechanical properties of control and SSc-like diseased skin non-invasively. A focused air-pulse induced an elastic wave in the skin, which was detected by a home-built OCE system. The elastic wave propagated significantly faster in SSc skin compared to healthy skin. The Young’s modulus of the SSc skin was significantly higher than that of normal skin (P<0.05). Thus, OCE was able to objectively differentiate healthy and fibrotic skin completely noninvasively and is a promising and potentially useful new technology for quantifying skin involvement in SSc.
Densely sampled light field reconstruction with transformers

Abstract. Densely sampled light fields (LFs) are critical for their further applications, such as digital refocus and depth estimation. However, it is costly and time-consuming to capture them. LF reconstruction, which aims at reconstructing a densely sampled LF from a sparsely sampled one, has attracted extensive attention of researchers. Although existing methods have achieved significant progress, these methods synthesize novel views, either through depth estimation and image warping, which depend heavily on the accuracy of the depth maps and are prone to cause artifacts at occluded regions, or by stacking multi-layer convolutions to learn the inherent structure of the LF, which will result in blurring results due to limited receptive fields when processing scenes with large disparities. We propose a transformer-based neural network for LF reconstruction (termed as LFRTR). Specifically, two novel transformers are introduced, namely angular transformer and spatial transformer. The former can fully explore angular information and correlations among different views, whereas the latter can capture local and non-local spatial texture information within each view. Moreover, dense skip connections are employed to enhance information flow between different layers. Thanks to the inherent global modeling ability of self-attention, the proposed LFRTR can reconstruct high-quality densely sampled LF in complex scenarios, such as large disparity, occlusion, and reflection. Experimental results on both synthetic and real-world LF datasets show that the proposed LFRTR outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in terms of both visual and numerical evaluations.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN DENTISTRY: CURRENT CONCEPTS AND A PEEP INTO THE FUTURE.

Bijo Alexander 1 and Sunil John 2 . 1. Professor and Head ,Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology. 2. Reader,Department of Periodontics, Noorul Islam College of Dental Sciences, Aralamoodu P.O, Trivandrum 695123,Kerala ,India. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History Received: 18 October 2018 Final Accepted: 20 November 2018 Published: December 2018
Globalizing the iron triangle: Policy-making within the US defense industrial sector

and bureaucratic policy-makers have heralded a new era for the US defense industry: an era marked by the emergence of a “globalizing” defense industry no longer bound by strictly national prerogatives. Along these lines, there exists a plethora of governmental, military, congressional, think-tank and industry-driven reports documenting, prescribing and analyzing globalization trends in the US defense industry. This burgeoning literature also promotes the idea that success in managing this changing military–political environment will hinge upon the ability of the US to maintain economic competitiveness in an ever-increasing and interdependent defense market. The extent that globalization is taking place within the US defense industry remains a point of significant contention among defense analysts and scholars. What is apparent, however, is that domestic actors within the defense industrial establishment are consciously undertaking strategies to cope with globalization that either seek to move with and potentially shape those forces or that seek to isolate themselves from those forces.1 As a result, the traditional approaches to analyzing the policy process need to be adjusted to account for the fact that domestic actors are making decisions based on the opportunities and constraints placed upon them by globalization processes. For the most part, it is safe to say that the US defense sector has pursued policy choices that attempt to capture the benefits of the global marketplace. US policymakers within the defense industrial establishment have chosen liberalizing or globalizing policy options reinforcing transnationally intertwined interests. These new developments necessitate a more robust analytical tool to understand how domestic governmental and non-governmental defense industry policy-makers are coping with the global contemporary world system. This paper proposes that domestic policymaking can no longer be viewed as separate from exogenous global systemic forces. Rather, a broader and more complex understanding of the policy process must be developed that acknowledges the increased blurring of lines between the domestic and the global. Defense & Security Analysis Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 149–164, 2003
GEOLOGY OF THE BRIDGER RANGE, MONTANA

In and near the Bridger Range area north and east of Bozeman, Montana, in Gallatin County, about 27,000 feet of sedimentary rocks, from Beltian to Recent, is exposed. Strata of known Ordovician, Silurian, Permian, and Triassic age are not present. Middle Cambrian Flathead sandstone is underlain by coarse Beltian arkoses in the northern part of the area and by Archean (? ) metamorphics in the southern part. The depositional edge of the Belt arkoses has been fault-controlled. The Sappington formation (Berry, 1943) is separated from the underlying Three Forks formation by a minor disconformity. The Big Snowy group is recognized in the Bridger Range for the first time. The problem of the Livingston formation is reviewed, and it is apparent that the andesitic phases of these Montanan, Lancian, and Paleocene sediments can be used to interpret the tectonic history of the Crazy Mountain basin and adjacent mountain areas. Analysis of the structural features of the Bridger Range and adjacent areas indicates two phases of folding and faulting. One developed generally north-trending structures in mid-Paleocene time, and the other developed north-northwest trending structures probably in latest Paleocene or early Eocene. In Oligocene time isostatic arching produced normal faults on the west side of the Bridger Range. The range was lifted relative to the Gallatin Valley, and the east-flowing drainage was impeded so that sediments accumulated in the basins. These movements and deposition have continued sporadically to the present.