Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric electrical bistable behavior of an eicosanoic acid/zirconium oxide bilayer system with rectifying effect

The electrical switching characteristics of eicosanoic acid (EA)/zirconium oxide (ZrO2) bilayer thin films are investigated in this letter. The devices have a sandwich structure of aluminum (Al)∕EA∕ZrO2∕gold (Au) and exhibit asymmetric electrical bistable behavior with a rectifying effect through resistive switching. Reversible and reproducible bistable switching properties were observed by applying certain voltages. The asymmetry and rectifying bistable behavior is proposed to result from the Schottky barrier that is present by reason of the ZrO2 layer. The rectifying effect can significantly improve misreading in matrix crossbar memory based on bistable two-terminal devices, paving a way for a practical crossbar molecular memory.
Effect of melt temperature on microstructural and strength properties of in-situ aluminum metal matrix composites containing SiCNO particles

Polymer Injection Pyrolysis (PIPs) can be adopted to synthesize in-situ ceramic particles within molten metal by stir-casting process. This paper investigated the effect of pyrolysis temperatures on microstructural and strength properties of in-situ aluminum matrix composites containing 2.5 vol% of SiCNO particles. In-situ composites were synthesized by stir-mixing of cross-linked polysilazane at four different pyrolysis temperatures (675–850°C) at which in-situ pyrolysis occurred and then followed by ultrasonic agitation and squeeze casting process. Microstructural data reveals that grain size and the particle size of SiCNO particles decreases with increasing the temperature of the melt at which polymer was introduced into the melt. The increase in the strength properties of the fabricated composites as compared to pure aluminum is almost 210% for the composites fabricated at 850°C while it is marginally 17% for the composites fabricated at 720°C. Fractography studies suggest that composite fabricated at 675°C exhibits a better combination of yield strength and ductility.
On the Foundation of Sparsity Constrained Sensing— Part I: Sampling Theory and Robust Remainder Problem

In the first part of the series papers, we set out to answer the following fundamental question: for constrained sampling, what kind of signal can be uniquely represented or recovered by the (distributed) discrete sample sequence(s) obtained? We term this study as <italic>sparsity constrained sensing</italic> or <italic>sparse sensing</italic>. It is different from <italic>compressed sensing</italic>, which exploits the sparse representation of a signal to reduce sample complexity (compressed sampling or acquisition). We use <italic>sparsity constrained sensing</italic> to denote a class of methods which are devoted to improving the efficiency and reducing the cost of sampling implementation itself. The “sparsity” here is referred to as sampling at a low temporal or spatial rate, which captures applications of cheaper hardware such as of lower power, less memory and throughput to implement sampling. We take frequency and direction of arrival (DoA) estimation as concrete examples and give the necessary and sufficient conditions of the sampling strategy. Interestingly, we prove that these problems can be reduced to some (multiple) remainder model, where it is equivalent to studying the residue representation of a signal. As a straightforward corollary, we supplement and complete the theory of <italic>co-prime sampling</italic>, which receives considerable attention over last decade. Our results also connect the two classic parameter estimation frameworks, the Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) method and the co-prime sensing, with a unified interpretation. On the other aspect, we advance the understanding of the robust remainder problem, which models the case when sampling with noise. A sharpened tradeoff between the parameter dynamic range and the error bound is derived. We prove that, for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula>-frequency estimation in either complex or real waveforms, once the least common multiple (lcm) of the sampling rates selected is sufficiently large, a constant error tolerance bound independent of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula> is approached.
CHOOSE-YOUR-OWN ADVENTURE IN MARKETING EDUCATION: EMPOWERING STUDENTS TO INCREASE ENGAGEMENT AND RIGOR THROUGH MASS CUSTOMIZATION

ABSTRACT The landscape of student tolerance for ambiguity and engagement, both in and out of the classroom, has changed markedly in recently years. Technology is simultaneously redefining the boundaries of learning and eroding tried and true pedagogical structures. Signs of change were present prior to recent global upheaval. However, against the backdrop of the pandemic, students connected with others online and consumed media in new and different ways that have arguably emboldened a do-it-yourself attitude toward learning. The authors argue that this learning breakdown, exacerbated by loosened course structures (if not standards), is rooted in psychological ownership. Empowerment theory is employed to conceptualize, and subsequently deploy, a choose-your-own-adventure marketing course format to guide students toward achieving a sense of control. Quantitative and qualitative feedback suggest that this approach may substantively enhance both perceived quality of instruction and rigor, while shifting a greater number of attributions for poor performance onto the student.
Spectral–finite element approach to three‐dimensional electromagnetic induction in a spherical earth

SUMMARY We present a spectral-finite-element approach to the 2-D forward problem for electromagnetic induction in a spherical earth. It represents an alternative to a variety of numerical methods for 2-D global electromagnetic modelling introduced recently (e.g. the perturbation expansion approach, the finite difference scheme). It may be used to estimate the effect of a possible axisymmetric structure of electrical conductivity of the mantle on surface observations, or it may serve as a tool for testing methods and codes for 3-D global electromagnetic modelling. The ultimate goal of these electromagnetic studies is to learn about the Earth’s 3-D electrical structure. Since the spectral-finite-element approach comes from the variational formulation, we formulate the 2-D electromagnetic induction problem in a variational sense. The boundary data used in this formulation consist of the horizontal components of the total magnetic intensity measured on the Earth’s surface. In this the variational approach differs from other methods, which usually use spherical harmonic coefficients of external magnetic sources as input data. We verify the assumptions of the LaxMilgram theorem and show that the variational solution exists and is unique. The spectral-finite-element approach then means that the problem is parametrized by spherical harmonics in the angular direction, whereas finite elements span the radial direction. The solution is searched for by the Galerkin method, which leads to the solving of a system of linear algebraic equations. The method and code have been tested for Everett & Schultz’s (1995) model of two eccentrically nested spheres, and good agreement has been obtained.
A Theory of Metallic Ferro- and Antiferromagnetism on Zener's Model

The importance to the mechanism of ferromagnetim of exchange interaction between conduction electrons and unfilled inner shell electrons (called s-d interaction) has been pointed out by Zener. Especially for rare earth metals, this interaction seems to be the only mechanism which can cause ferroand antiferromagnetism. However Zener's works are unsatistisfactory because his model is phenomenological and moreover does not involve antiferromagnetism and spin wave mode. Our paper considers this s-d interaction on a more rigorous basis. By a certain approximation, there appear long range eychange type interactions between d-electron spins and, in certain conditions both ferroand antiferromagnetism appear. The excitations of spin wave modes are the same as those in the ordinary modes of the short range exchange force, viz, the energy of the spin wave excitations is proportional to q2 for ferromagnetism and q for antiferromagnetism in the region of small wave vector q. The T3/2 law for the temperature dependence of the magnetization of ferromagnetism is applicable up to very high temperatures, and this result is in good agreement with the results of experiments on metallic ferromagnetism.
Guaranteed cost control of uncertain discrete systems with delays

In this paper, we address the problems of robust performance analysis and control synthesis for a class of discrete-time systems with parameter uncertainty and unknown state-delay. The parameter uncertainty is real time-varying normbounded and the state-delay is a constant within a prescribed interval. For the robust performance analysis problem, we adopt an appropriate notion of robust stability for discrete-time uncertain time-delay systems and show that this notion guarantees an upper bound on a linear quadratic cost function. For the control synthesis problem, we show that a robust state-feedback controller can be constructed to render the closed-loop system robustly stable while guaranteeing a prescribed level of performance. The developed results are expressed in terms of algebraic matrix inequalities. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the theory.
The unsteady Boltzmann kinetic equation and non-equilibrium thermodynamics of an electron gas for the Rayleigh flow problem

In the framework of irreversible thermodynamics, the characteristics of the Rayleigh flow problem of a rarified electron gas extracted from neutral atoms is examined and proved to obey the entropic behavior for gas systems. A model kinetic equation of the BGK (Bhatnager-Gross-Krook) type is solved, using the method of moments with a two-sided dis- tribution function. Various macroscopic properties of the electron gas, such as the mean velocity, the shear stress, and the viscosity coefficient, together with the induced electric and magnetic fields, are investigated with respect to both distance and time. The distinction between the perturbed velocity distribution functions and the equilibrium velocity distribution function at different time values is illustrated. We restrict our study to the domain of irreversible thermodynamics proc- esses with small deviation from the equilibrium state to estimate the entropy, entropy production, entropy flux, thermody- namic force, and kinetic coefficient and verify the celebrated Boltzmann H-theorem for non-equilibrium thermodynamic properties of the system. The ratios between the different contributions of the internal energy changes, based upon the total derivatives of the extensive parameters, are predicted via Gibbs' equation for both diamagnetic and paramagnetic plasmas. The results are applied to a typical model of laboratory argon plasma.
Effects of multiple Higgs bosons on tree unitarity

The abundance of new Higgs bosons in many extensions of the electroweak theory motivate an investigation of their effect on partial-wave scattering amplitudes. For SU(2) x U(1), tree unitarity is shown to be valid for W and Z amplitudes provided three quartic couplings from the Higgs potential are small (Vertical BarfVertical Bar<16.pi.). The mass spectrum of the Higgs boson is almost unconstrained but for the simple requirement that at least one neutral scalar must have a mass M<1 TeV. Similar results are obtained in a general broken gauge theory for the scattering of arbitrary combinations of scalar and vector bosons.
Barrier Function-Based Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control for Path Tracking of Tractor-Like With Experimental Validation

Path-tracking control of autonomous agricultural vehicles (AAVs) is a challenging issue, which is particularly true in highly unstructured field environments due to various uncertainties such as unknown bound magnitudes. For the purpose of tackling these uncertainties and increasing tracking accuracy, this brief designs a novel control approach for AAVs. To this end, the barrier function-based nonsingular terminal sliding mode (BFNTSM) is developed. The designed barrier function is incorporated into the controller to eliminate chattering and avoid gain overestimation. Furthermore, the adaptive barrier method guarantees that the sliding variable eventually converges to a predetermined region around zero within a finite time. Finally, a tractor-like experimental vehicle is built and experiments verified the superiority of the proposed technique.
Development of the translating and rotating volume computed tomography (TRVCT)

We describe a novel system named TRVCT (Translating and Rotating Volume Computed Tomography), developed for computed tomography image from large object with simple method and low price. Tomogram images can be acquired when the object is translating and rotating simultaneously with vertical linear array detector. This method is different from the normal X-ray CT completely. We used fan-beam X-ray, and the direction of the detector and rotating axis are in parallel. Because a hundred or thousand tomograms with Z-axis from just one scanning, it has excellent Z-axis resolution and has an advantage that can improve the resolution in X-Y plane with changing translating speed and frequency of data acquisition. There is no ring artifact that is generated frequently in the third generation CT scanner. So, we can have high resolution tomograms from this TRVCT system. The TRVCT can be used to acquire images for large object like tire, engine, or whole car, and it can remove the scattering from X-ray for high resolution images.
Data interplay: A model to optimize data usage in the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) has been playing an important role in the technology scenario due to its high potential and impact on different society segments. Estimates suggest a trend for an increase in the number of IoT devices connected to the Internet for the next few years. Hence, the volume of data produced by IoT devices will follow this growth perspective, and there will be a demand for systems that can process, store, and promote access to large amounts of data. The data collected from sensors in typical IoT systems is stored and processed in cloud servers. However, some IoT solutions use edge devices to perform specific actions, such as processing, storage, and access, using only local infrastructure for low latency requirements. Fog computing has been used to improve IoT solutions and to transfer some of the complexity from the cloud to the edge of the network, that is, closer to devices, applications and users, working as a kind of “local and private cloud. ” The cooperation of devices and applications between edge and cloud creates a need for an interplay to enable data flow among the layers of IoT systems deployed on edge and in the cloud. Thus, IoT data systems should support the data life cycle through its collection, analysis, and use. Performance efficiency is a quality factor of systems and software engineering, which measures “performance relative to the number of resources used under stated conditions. ” In particular, in IoT systems that involve a large volume of data, the performance efficiency of data interplay is a relevant requirement. This work proposes a data interplay model of IoT to define and deploy the IoT data life cycle in the collection, analytics, and data use stages. This data interplay proposal aims to improve performance efficiency in IoT data life cycle operations: collection, analytics, and use among devices and applications in edge and cloud infrastructures.
Design of Ultra-wide Band-pass Filter Based on Metamaterials Applicable to Microwave Photonics

We designed an ultra-wide band-pass filter applicable to microwave reflectometry for KSTAR (Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research) and to microwave photonics. The proposed ultra-wide band-pass filter exhibits a metamaterial structure characterized by a wide band, low insertion loss, and high skirt selectivity. The proposed filter is applied to enhance the linearity of reflectometry at the output of a VCO (voltage controlled oscillator). The pass-band of the proposed filter is observed at 18~28 GHz, and the out-of-band rejection is below 20 dB. Further, we constructed an unwrapped negative phase of S(2, 1) to verify the characteristics of the metamaterial. The under- and upper-band at lower limits of the pass-band are left- and right-handed, respectively. The group delay of the filter is less than 0.5 ns.
Managing Coal Enterprise Competitiveness in the Context of Global Challenges

Increased geopolitical tensions and economic sanctions imposed by the U.S., the European Union, and other countries against Russian sectors of the economy have caused a slowdown of economic growth in Russia and significantly restricted access to international capital markets, creating many problems for coal enterprises due to the rapid growth of competition. Russian and Indonesian coal companies need to adopt coping strategies and implement effective management practices to successfully counter the various global challenges facing the coal sector. The article aims to develop coal enterprise competitiveness management in the context of global challenges in 2022, as exemplified by Russia and Indonesia, considering the main role of these two countries in global coal exports. The management process was empirically assessed, and a comprehensive qualitative focus group session was conducted to achieve this goal. Fifty-five top managers of Russian and Indonesian coal companies participated in the focus group session to collect data for identifying all the factors and indicators to be accounted for in a holistic assessment of the companies’ competitiveness. Suggestions were worked out for the development of coal companies in Russia and Indonesia, regarding current changes, to increase their competitiveness. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-02-021 Full Text: PDF
What Makes Disinformation Ads Engaging? A Case Study of Facebook Ads from the Russian Active Measures Campaign

Abstract This article examines 3,517 Facebook ads created by Russia’s Internet Research Agency (IRA) between June 2015 and August 2017 in its Active Measures disinformation campaign targeting the 2016 U.S. presidential election. We aimed to unearth the relationship between ad engagement (ad clicks) and 40 features related to the ads’ metadata, psychological meaning, and sentiment. The purpose of our analysis was to (1) understand the relationship between engagement and features, (2) find the most relevant feature subsets to predict engagement via feature selection, and (3) find the semantic topics that best characterize the data set via topic modeling. We found that investment features (e.g., ad spend, ad lifetime), caption length, and sentiment were the top features predicting users’ engagement with the ads. In addition, positive sentiment ads were more engaging than negative ads, and psycholinguistic features (e.g., use of religion-relevant words) were identified as highly important in the makeup of an engaging disinformation ad. Linear support vector machines (SVMs) and logistic regression classifiers achieved the highest mean F scores (93.6%), revealing that the optimal feature subset contains 12 and six features, respectively. Finally, we corroborate the findings of previous research that the IRA specifically targeted Americans on divisive ad topics (e.g., LGBT rights) and advance a definition of disinformation advertising.
Contour tracking by multi-frame relaxation

This paper describes a novel feature tracking method. It is based on an inter-frame relaxation technique. This method combines intra-frame and inter-frame constraints on the behaviour of acceptable contour structure. The intra-frame information is represented by both a dictionary of local contour structure and a statistical model of the response of a set of directional feature detection operators. The inter-frame ingredient represents the novel modelling component; it is encapsulated by an implicit model of the underlying surface structure of 3D feature points. The model is represented in terms of a series of unimodal probability densities whose single parameter is the inter-frame distance. The initial probabilities in our relaxation scheme effectively combine distributions describing the statistical uncertainties in the position and feature characteristics of multiframe contours; these probabilities are refined in the light of the dictionary to produce consistent contours. <<ETX>>
Objective Methods for Weather Prediction

Among fluid systems, surely it is the atmosphere whose behavior has always been the most discussed, predicted, feared, and enjoyed. It is thus not surprising that the changes in the atmosphere are more thoroughly measured than those of any other fluid system and that the prediction of these changes remains one of our most challenging technical problems. This review deals with the objective methods for weather prediction that have been developed during this century and now supple­ ment the sub jective methods that have been used for millenia. From a technical point of view, the problem of weather prediction is especially intriguing in that the atmospheric system is essentially nonlinear and cannot be decomposed into independently acting modes . The inevitable errors in observing the smallest scales of motion must then contaminate larger scales and, in fact, they eventually destroy the accuracy of any prediction. Thus, weather prediction is seen as an unstable problem in the sense that small initial differences have large final consequences. Furthermore, uncertainties both at the beginning and later on in the prediction process require that prediction be treated as a statistical hydro dynamical problem similar in somc ways to the problem of treating turbulent flows. We see then that weather prediction may serve as a useful prototype for more general nondeterministic prediction problems, such as of economic and social systems, for which the dynamical laws are not yet so well understood. Of course, the observational basis for objective weather prediction could not have been established without the development of the thermometer and barometer in the seventeenth century. It was not, however, until the development of telegraphic communication in the middle of the nineteenth century that weather maps could be drawn routinely and the atmosphere considered an extensive evolving fluid
Synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles encapsulated with orange pectin for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers

The current work reports a unique bio-inspired synthesis of orange derived pectin modified magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs). Pectin is a naturally occurring biopolymer containing plethora of polar organofunctions which are exploited in the toxic reagent free modification of biocompatible magnetic NPs and also towards the stabilization of NPs by preventing them from agglomeration. The physicochemical properties of the as-prepared bio-nanocomposite (Fe3O4@Pectin) was analytically investigated through SEM, EDX, TEM, VSM and XRD. The anti-gastrointestinal system cancers and cytotoxic potentials of synthesized NPs against cancer cell lines were assessed. The anti-gastrointestinal system cancers potentials of the NPscould significantly remove (HT-29, HCT 116, Ramos.2G6.4C10, HCT-8 (Colorectal cancer)), (Capan-2, AsPC-1, CFPAC-1, HPAF-II (Pancreatic cancer)), (GC1436, GC1401, AGS, and GC1415 (Gastric cancer)) cell lines by MTT assay. The corresponding IC50 were found as 13, 8, 16, 15, 11, 12, 15, 15, 23, 36, 30, and 23 μg/mL against HT-29, HCT 116, Ramos.2G6. 4C10, HCT-8, Capan-2, AsPC-1, CFPAC-1, HPAF-II, GC1436, GC1401, AGS, and GC1415 cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity of Fe3O4@Pectin NPswas determined by DPPH method which displayeda significant activity as per IC50 value. It is believed that the antioxidant effects play a significant role in the considerable anti-colorectal, pancreatic and gastric cancerseffects.