Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the excitation of cyclotron harmonic waves by newborn heavy ions

Wave measurements in planetary foreshocks and cometary environments show the sporadic occurrence of magnetic spectra with harmonic structure related to ion cyclotron frequencies. Dilute populations of anisotropic and/or drifting charged particles can excite obliquely propagating modes with spacecraft frequencies close to the observed harmonics. The authors extend previous analyses of this generation mechanism to drifting and nondrifting loss-cone type distributions of heavy ions in a dense hydrogen magnetoplasma, characterizing the complex (real frequency and growthrate) dispersion, polarization and compressibility of the unstable cyclotron harmonic waves. Solution of the full kinetic dispersion equation shows that it is possible to attain harmonic excitation, both in the drifting and nondrifting regimes. However, the bandwidth inherent to frequency Doppler shifts of obliquely propagating waves might preclude the observation of spectral structure in the spacecraft frame. The Giotto observations in the upstream region of comet Halley provide a reference to discuss the results.
Auditory Training for Adult Cochlear Implant Users: A Survey and Cost Analysis Study.

OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were as follows: (a) to describe audiologists' practices toward auditory training (AT) for adult cochlear implant (CI) users with a postlingual hearing loss; and (b) to assess the cost of different AT methods for clients and service providers in comparison with no AT delivery. DESIGN A survey was distributed to approximately 230 Australian CI audiologists to investigate the range, magnitude, and rationale of AT practices adopted as part of rehabilitation services with adult CI users. The cost of these different AT practices was then estimated from the perspectives of both clients and service providers, and compared against no AT delivery. RESULTS Seventy-eight audiologists responded to at least one section of the survey (16% to 33% response rate), of which 85.5% reported that they viewed AT as a necessary component of rehabilitation. Home-based and face-to-face were the methods most frequently adopted to deliver AT. Methods used during training, such as stimuli type, feedback, and encouragement for training adherence, varied across respondents. The cost analysis indicated that home-based training resulted in the lowest program costs, whereas face-to-face AT (when delivered independently from routine appointments) was the method with highest cost for clients and service providers. CONCLUSIONS The type of AT, recommended frequency of sessions, and overall duration of programs varied widely across respondents. Costs incurred by clients depended mainly on whether the AT was home-based or clinician-led (i.e., face-to-face, group-based), program fees, and travel arrangements made by clients, as well as clinicians' wages and the method chosen to deliver AT.
Study of Different Models for Sentiment Analysis and Language Representation

In this project we study three different models of artificial intelligence to carry out the process of sentiment analysis, which consists of determining the polarity of a text; that is, detecting whether it is positive, negative or neutral. The first model studied is a neural network, specifically a long short-term memory, which uses deep learning techniques. We delve deeper into the study of its structure and operation, unmasking all the mathematics behind it. The other two models belong to machine learning: logistic regression and Naive Bayes. We emphasize the study of its parameters and optimization, with the intention to understand the learning process of each one. Finally, we apply the results and techniques developed to implement a Python program with each model in order to detect the sentiment of thousands of reviews from social media of different bars and restaurants. We dedicate a whole chapter to give the results, the analysis of each one and a comparison between them.
The Oxford SWIFT integral field spectrograph

We present the design of the Oxford SWIFT integral field spectrograph, a dedicated I and z band instrument (0.65μm micron - 1.0μm micron at R~4000), designed to be used in conjunction with the Palomar laser guide star adaptive optics system (PALAO, and its planned upgrade PALM-3000). It builds on two recent developments (i) the improved ability of second generation adaptive optics systems to correct for atmospheric turbulence at wavelengths less than or equal to 1μm micron, and (ii) the availability of CCD array detectors with high quantum efficiency at very red wavelengths (close to the silicon band edge). Combining these with a state-of-the-art integral field unit design using an all-glass image slicer, SWIFT's design provides very high throughput and low scattered light. SWIFT simultaneously provides spectra of ~4000 spatial elements, arranged in a rectangular field-of-view of 44 × 89 pixels. It has three on-the-fly selectable pixel scales of 0.24", 0.16" and 0.08'. First light is expected in spring 2008.
Segmentation of the hip joint in CT volumes using adaptive thresholding classification and normal direction correction

Segmentation of the pelvis and proximal femur in computed tomography (CT) volumes is a prerequisite of patient specific planning and simulation for hip surgery. Existing methods do not perform well due to bone disease and technical limitations of CT imaging. In this paper, an accurate framework for segmenting bone in the hip joint is presented. Our approach begins with valley-emphasized image construction using morphological operations so that valleys stand out in high relief, and then, an initial segmentation with optimal threshold is performed to divide the dataset into bone and non-bone regions. Subsequently, bone regions are reclassified based on 3D iterative adaptive thresholding with consideration of the partial volume effect and the spatial information. Finally, we refine the rough bone boundaries based on the normal direction of vertices of the 3D bone surface. Our segmentation approach is automatic and robust. Its performance is evaluated on 35 datasets consisting of 70 hip joints with a status ranging from healthy to severe osteoarthritis and the results have proved to be very successful.
Radial basis function approximations to polynomials

A reinforcing sleeve of plastic or a similar material for the ends of hard paper reel cores or the like which form the support cores for wound goods such as paper, foils, textiles or the like. The sleeve comprises a collar adapted to rest against the end faces of the reel core and a radial, hollow projection integrated with the collar and the outer periphery of the sleeve, the projection being adapted to engage one end face of the reel core and to house a driver system. A reinforcing ring is integrated in the collar and comprises a radially extending receiving element for the driver system, the receiving element being integrated in the radial projection and reinforcing it.
Outflow Boundary Conditions for Fluid Dynamics

A radiation boundary condition is derived for the Euler equation linearized about a constant state with a mean flow. Since nonlinearities and viscosity are not important in the far field, this boundary condition is also useful for high Reynolds number Navier–Stokes flow. The use of the radiation boundary condition allows both an acceleration to a steady state and a constriction in the size of the computational domain. This results in savings in both computer storage and running times. Results are presented for both the Navier–Stokes and Euler equations. A variety of schemes have been used in conjunction with the boundary condition. These include explicit and implicit finite difference schemes and spectral methods. The effectiveness of the radiation condition is evident in all these cases.
Triple therapy for all patients with severe symptomatic COPD at risk of exacerbations

Suissa and Ariel [1] performed a post hoc analysis of TRIBUTE and IMPACT [2, 3], by “digitising” the figures to obtain values over each month of the cumulative incidence curves. They concluded that the lower rate of a first exacerbation with triple long-acting muscarinic antagonist/long-acting β2-agonist/inhaled corticosteroid (LAMA/LABA/ICS) therapy was exclusively due to a lower rate in the first month of treatment, while the rates were comparable to LAMA/LABA in the subsequent 11 months. They argue that this pattern of “depletion of susceptible individuals” might identify a small group of patients and suggest that only these patients could benefit from triple therapy, whereas the majority could be treated with LAMA/LABA without risk. They also found that the 42% lower mortality with triple therapy in IMPACT was localised in the first 4 months of follow-up, with no difference in the following 8 months. Based on these observations, they speculate that the subgroup who may benefit from triple therapy could be represented by patients with a history of asthma or eosinophilia, and they could be identified a priori. In keeping with the latest international recommendations, we suggest using triple therapy in all patients with severe symptomatic COPD at increased risk of exacerbation who are not adequately treated by LAMA/LABA or LABA/ICS, independent of asthma history http://ow.ly/Bbsr30nXffO
A new sampling theorem based on the minimum energy principle

Among those low-pass band-limited waveforms which take specified sampled values at a specified finite number of sampling points, the one with minimum energy is called the minimum-energy waveform. This paper first derives the minimum-energy waveform and strictly proves its uniqueness. Discussion is then devoted to the minimum-energy waveform which is determined by sampled values of a low-pass band-limited waveform of finite energy, and it is shown that the sequence obtained by successively adding sampling points uniformly converges to a low-pass band-limited waveform. In general, when a low-pass band-limited waveform is uniquely determined from the sampled values at the sampling points, the sampling point sequence is called complete. This paper shows that various kinds of sampling theorems can be derived, by prescribing sampled values for the low-pass band-limited waveform for the complete sampling point sequence given by Levinson and constructing the limiting waveform of minimum energy. Especially, a new reconstruction formula is obtained which restores the original band-limited waveform solely from the past sampled values. It is shown that the traditional Someya-Shannon interpolation formula can be obtained by specifying particular sampling points in the above restoration formula. The relation between the two formulas is also discussed.
Flare waves observed in Helium I 10 830 Å - A link between Hα Moreton and EIT waves

Three traveling disturbances recorded in the absorption line of Helium I at 10830 A (HeI), analogous to HαMoreton waves, are analyzed. The morphology and kinematics of the wavefronts are described in detail. The HeI wave appears as an expanding arc of increased absorption roughly corresponding to the Hα disturbance, although not as sharply defined. HeI perturbations consist of a relatively uniform diffuse component and a patchy one that appears as enhanced absorption in HeI mottles. It leads the Hα front by some 20 Mm and can be followed to considerably larger distances than in Hα observations. Behind the front stationary areas of reduced HeI absorption develop, resembling EUV coronal dimming. The observed HeI as well as the Hα disturbances show a deceleration of the order of 100-1000 ms −2 . Moreover, in the event where Hα ,H eI, and EUV wavefronts are observed, all of them follow closely related kinematical curves, indicating that they are a consequence of a common disturbance. The analysis of spatial perturbation profiles indicates that HeI disturbances consist of a forerunner and a main dip,the latterbeing cospatial withthe Hαdisturbance. The properties and behavior of the wavefronts can be comprehended as a consequence of a fast-mode MHD coronal shock whose front is weakly inclined to the solar surface. The Hα disturbance and the main HeI dip are a consequence of the pressure jump in the corona behind the shock front. The HeI forerunner might be caused by thermal conduction from the oblique shock segments ahead of the shock-chromosphere intersection, or by electron beams accelerated in the quasi-perpendicular section of the shock.
Steady flow in shallow channel bends

Making use of a mathematical model solving the complete NavierStokes equations for steady flow in coiled rectangular pipes, fully-developed laminar flow in shallow curved channels is analysed physically and mathematically. Transverse convection of momentum by the secondary flow is shown to cause important deformations of the main velocity distribution. The model is also used to investigate simplified computation methods for shallow channels. The usual 'shallow water approximation' is shown to fail here, but a method starting from similarity hypotheses for the main and the secondary flow works well. On the basis of this method, a simplified mathematical model of steady turbulent flow in river bends is developed and verified using the results of laboratory experiments and fully three-dimensional flow computations. This model works well for shallow and mildly curved channels, but it shows important shortcomings if the channel is less shallow or sharplier curved.
Draft Genome Sequences of 12 Mycolicibacterium smegmatis Strains Resistant to Imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4,5]Tetrazines

Here, we report 12 draft genome sequences of mutant Mycolicibacterium smegmatis strains resistant to imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazines, which are antituberculosis drug candidates. We have identified 7 different mutations in the MSMEG_1380 gene, which encodes the AcrR/TetR_N transcriptional repressor, which may activate efflux-mediated resistance. ABSTRACT Here, we report 12 draft genome sequences of mutant Mycolicibacterium smegmatis strains resistant to imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazines, which are antituberculosis drug candidates. We have identified 7 different mutations in the MSMEG_1380 gene, which encodes the AcrR/TetR_N transcriptional repressor, which may activate efflux-mediated resistance.
N-acetyl-aspartate and Myo-inositol as Markers of White Matter Microstructural Organization in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Evidence from a DTI-1H-MRS Pilot Study

We implemented a multimodal approach to examine associations between structural and neurochemical changes that could signify neurodegenerative processes related to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Fifty-nine older adults (60–85 years; 22 MCI) underwent whole-brain structural 3T MRI (T1W, T2W, DTI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). The regions of interest (ROIs) for 1H-MRS measurements were the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex, left hippocampal cortex, left medial temporal cortex, left primary sensorimotor cortex, and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The findings revealed that subjects in the MCI group showed moderate to strong positive associations between the total N-acetylaspartate to total creatine and the total N-acetylaspartate to myo-inositol ratios in the hippocampus and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex and fractional anisotropy (FA) of WM tracts crossing these regions—specifically, the left temporal tapetum, right corona radiata, and right posterior cingulate gyri. In addition, negative associations between the myo-inositol to total creatine ratio and FA of the left temporal tapetum and right posterior cingulate gyri were observed. These observations suggest that the biochemical integrity of the hippocampus and cingulate cortex is associated with a microstructural organization of ipsilateral WM tracts originating in the hippocampus. Specifically, elevated myo-inositol might be an underlying mechanism for decreased connectivity between the hippocampus and the prefrontal/cingulate cortex in MCI.
Identification of a class of multiple input-output nonlinear systems driven by stationary non-Gaussian processes

The identification and analysis of multiple input-output systems is a problem of practical importance, which finds special application in signal processing. We consider the identification of a class of multiple input-output nonlinear systems when the inputs are stationary non-Gaussian processes. Currently, there are very few identification techniques which exist to solve this complicated problem. In an attempt to provide a solution, we extend the single input-output Hammerstein series to a multiple input-output version. Our solution for the multiple input-output problem in the non-Gaussian case is mathematically tractable and computationally attractive. Real data experiments are shown to indicate the usefulness of the method.
Atmospheric gravity waves generated in the high‐latitude ionosphere: A review

A review of theoretical and observational results describing atmospheric gravity wave (AGW)/traveling ionospheric disturbance (TID) phenomena at high latitudes is presented. Some recent experimental studies of AGW's using the Chatanika incoherent scatter radar and other geophysical sensors are reported. Specifically, the following features are described in detail: (1) cause/effect relations between aurorally generated AGW's and TID's detected at mid-latitudes, including probable ‘source signature’ identification, (2) AGW source phenomenology, particularly a semiquantitative assessment of the relative importance of Joule heating, Lorentz forces, intense particle precipitation, and other mechanisms in generating AGW's, and (3) detection of TID's in the auroral ionosphere. Several instances of F region electron density, temperature, and plasma periodicities accompanied by horizontal plasma velocities which were consistent with theoretical AGW/TID models are documented.
Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman optimal design of CMAC neural network controller for robot manipulators

The paper is concerned with the application of quadratic optimization for motion control to feedback control of robotic systems using cerebellar model arithmetic computer (CMAC) neural networks. Explicit solutions to the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (H-J-B) equation for optimal control of robotic systems are found by solving an algebraic Riccati equation. It is shown how the CMAC can cope with nonlinearities through optimization with no preliminary off-line learning phase required. The adaptive learning algorithm is derived from Lyapunov stability analysis, so that both system tracking stability and error convergence can be guaranteed in the closed-loop system. The filtered tracking error or critic gain and the Lyapunov function for the nonlinear analysis are derived from the user input in terms of a specified quadratic performance index. Simulation results on a two-link robot manipulator show the satisfactory performance of the proposed control schemes even in the presence of large modeling uncertainties and external disturbances.
Complete Second-Order Solution for Water Waves Generated in Wave Flumes

Abstract An eigenfunction expansion complete to second-order is presented for the two-dimensional wave motion forced by a sinusoidally moving generic wavemaker. A time-dependent second-order evanescent interaction potential and time-independent potential required to satisfy boundary conditions exactly are examined in detail. The amplitude of the second-order free wave computed by including the evanescent interaction potential compare favorably with previously published values based on a complete Lagrangian solution. The theoretical results for the amplitude of the second-order free wave are in reasonable agreement with experimental data.
Large-Scale Structure of Emission-Line Galaxies at z = 3.1

We obtained a deep wide-field (32′ × 24′) narrowband (λc = 4977Å,Δλ = 77Å) image of a field including the protocluster at z = 3.1 in the SSA22a field studied by Steidel et al. using the Subaru Telescope. The field we observed is about 10 times as large as that studied by Steidel et al. We detected 283 highly confident strong Lyα emitter candidates at z ∼ 3.1 down to 25.8 AB mag with the observed equivalent width larger than 154 Å. These strong Lyα emitter candidates show a highly nonuniform distribution with the beltlike region of high surface density, which is found to extend over ∼60 Mpc in comoving scale. The average number density of the strong Lyα emitter candidates in this high-density region is 3 times as high as that of a blank field. The probability of finding such a large-scale high-density peak is as small as 0.1% in the context of the CDM structure formation scenario, if we assume a linear bias parameter b ∼ 4. In addition to these strong Lyα emitters, we also detected 49 Lyα absorbers, which show significant deficit in the narrowband image. We further detected 74 extended emitters, which have significant fluxes over the areas of 18 arcsec2 or more. Interestingly, both these absorbers and extended emitters show sky distributions very similar to that of the strong Lyα emitters. This supports the reality of the large-scale structure at z = 3.1 and suggests that galaxy formation preferentially occurs in the high-density region of strong Lyα emitters.
Preference of diagnostic tools, medications, and devices for asthma management: A survey of doctors in Algeria

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the doctors' perspectives in using tools for diagnosis, prescribing medications, and devices for the treatment of asthma in Algeria. Methods: Data were collected from randomly selected physicians, pediatricians, allergists, and pulmonologists through a questionnaire-based survey in 12 cities and 60 rural locations across Algeria. Results: Of the 213 doctors who responded to the survey, >90% doctors attended an average of 20 asthma patients daily. Peak flow meter was used by 69% doctors for diagnosis and by 93% for monitoring of asthma. Spirometer was used by 76% doctors for diagnosis of asthma. Budesonide (86%), fluticasone (46%), and beclomethasone (40%) were the most prescribed inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) by doctors. Formoterol/budesonide was the most preferred ICS/long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) (72%), followed by salmeterol/fluticasone (57%) for asthma treatment. Salbutamol was preferred by 93% doctors as reliever medication. ICS was the preferred controller in mild asthma (76%), and ICS/LABA combination in moderate (74%) and severe asthma (80%). Most doctors (94%) preferred pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) with (46%) or without spacer (48%) for their asthma patients. About 83% doctors believed that pMDI with spacer would show a better outcome in asthma, over pMDI alone. Continuous exposure to allergens/smoking (73%) and incorrect inhaler technique (66%) were the most common reasons for uncontrolled asthma. Conclusion: The use of diagnostic tools in asthma was found to be adequate among the doctors in Algeria. Most of the doctors managed asthma in accordance with the global initiative for asthma guidelines. Spacers were found to be less prescribed in regular treatment, despite having good awareness about its better outcomes.
A theoretical model of UHF propagation in urban environments

The development is given of a model in which the rows or blocks of buildings are viewed as diffracting cylinders lying on the earth. When the buildings are represented as absorbing screens, the propagation process reduces to multiple forward diffraction past a series of screens. Numerical computation of the diffraction effect yields a power-law dependence for the field that is within the measured range. Accounting for diffraction down to street level from the roof tops gives an overall absolute path loss in good agreement with the average measured path loss. >