Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A vorticity-based method for incompressible unsteady viscous flows

A novel approach is presented, based on the integral form of the vorticity formulation, in which the vorticity transport equation is solved by using the cell-centred finite-volume method, while the velocities needed at the centre of each control volume are calculated by a modified Biot–Savart formula in conjunction with a fast summation algorithm. The vorticity and mass conservation in the flow are guaranteed during the calculation by virtue of the finite volume approach and the method of implementing the boundary conditions at the body surface. As an example, both the early stage development and long term evolution of the flow around an impulsively started circular cylinder are computed using the method. The present results are compared with other numerical and experimental results for the same flow problem and show good agreement.
A Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensor Based on Silicon Quantum Dots and Silver Nanoclusters for Beef Freshness Monitoring

A ratiometric fluorescent sensor with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methanthiol (CH3SH) sensitivity was developed to real-time monitor beef freshness. A silicon quantum dots (SiQD) and silver nanoclusters (AgNC) complex, namely SiQD-AgNC, was used as the dual emission fluorescence materials. Due to the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect between SiQD and AgNC, when the fluorescence of AgNC (610 nm) was quenched by H2S or CH3SH, the fluorescence of SiQD (468 nm) recovered, resulting in an increase of the fluorescent intensity ratio (I468/I610). I468/I610 showed a linear relationship with the H2S concentration within the concentration range of 1.125–17 μM, with a limit of detection (LOD) value of 53.6 nM. Meanwhile, I468/I610 presented two linear relationships with the CH3SH concentration within the concentration range of 1.125–17 μM and 23.375–38.25 μM, respectively, with a LOD value of 56.5 nM. The SiQD-AgNC complex was coated on a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film to form a portable SiQD-AgNC/PVDF film sensor. This film showed purplish red-to-cyan color changes in response to H2S and CH3SH, with LOD values of 224 nM and 233 nM to H2S and CH3SH, respectively. When the film was used to monitor beef freshness at 4 °C, its fluorescent color gradually changed from purplish red to cyan. Hence, this study presented a new ratiometric fluorescent sensor for intelligent food packaging.
Internalization of Living Qur'an Values for Millennial Generation in the Traditions of Birth, Marriage and Death in the Minangkabau Tribe

This study aims to explore the values ​​of the Living Qur'an in the Millennial Generation based on Minangkabau ethnic background. This study used a case study design with 33 informants consisting of several universities with Minangkabau ethnic backgrounds even though the agencies they are sheltered from are from outside West Sumatra. Data collection techniques included limited observation, documentation of traditional activities in the surrounding environment and distribution of questionnaires with 20 questions via Google form, while data analysis used the Milles and Hubberman techniques. This research shows that the values ​​of the Living Qur'an in the Millennial Generation are applied to traditions developed in certain areas, such as traditions of birth, marriage and death. Basically, this research identifies that the internalization of the values ​​of the living Qur'an is still used even in the millennial generation environment. The research findings corroborate the values ​​of the Living Qur'an strengthen the activities of the millennial generation which are based on the sources of Al-Qur'an law. This research is still limited to samples and objects of study in the traditions of birth, marriage and death. On that basis, the researcher recommends identifying a variety of themes and a wider sample.
Centimeter-Level Orbit Determination of GRACE-C Using IGS-RTS Data

GNSS real-time applications greatly benefit from the International GNSS Service’s (IGS) real-time service (RTS). This service does more than provide for terrestrial precise point positioning (PPP); it also brings more possibilities for space-borne technology. With this service, the State-Space Representation (SSR) product, which includes orbit corrections and clock corrections, is finally available to users. In this paper, the GPS real-time orbit and clock corrections provided by 11 analysis centers (ACs) from the day of the year (DOY) 144 to 153 of 2022 are discussed from 3 perspectives: integrity, continuity, and accuracy. Moreover, actual observation data from the GRACE-C satellite are processed, along with SSR corrections from different ACs. The following can be concluded: (1) In terms of integrity and continuity, the products provided by CNE, ESA, and GMV perform better. (2) CNE, ESA, and WHU are the most accurate, with values of about 5 cm for the satellite orbit and 20 ps for the satellite clock. Additionally, the clock accuracy is related to the Block. Block IIR and Block IIR-M are slightly worse than Block IIF and Block IIIA. (3) The accuracy of post-processing reduced-dynamic precise orbit determination (POD) and kinematic POD are at the centimeter level in radius, and the reduced-dynamic POD is more accurate and robust than the kinematic POD.
Positive and Negative Changes in the Electrical Conductance Related to Hybrid Filler Distribution Gradient in Composite Flexible Thermoelectric Films Subjected to Bending

P-type multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), as well as heterostructures fabricated by direct deposition of inorganic thermoelectric materials as antimony and bismuth chalcogenides on MWCNT networks are known as perspective materials for application in flexible thermoelectric polymer-based composites. In this work, the electrical response of three types of Sb2Te3-MWCNT heterostructures-based flexible films—free standing on a flexible substrate, encapsulated in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and mixed in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is studied in comparison with the flexible films prepared by the same methods using bare MWCNTs. The electrical conductance of these films when each side of it was subsequently subjected to compressive and tensile stress during the film bending down to a 3 mm radius is investigated in relation to the distribution gradient of Sb2Te3-MWCNT heterostructures or bare MWCNTs within the film. It is found that all investigated Sb2Te3-MWCNT films exhibit a reversible increase in the conductance in response to the compressive stress of the film side with the highest filler concentration and its decrease in response to the tensile stress. In contrast, free-standing and encapsulated bare MWCNT networks with uniform distribution of nanotubes showed a decrease in the conductance irrelevant to the bending direction. In turn, the samples with the gradient distribution of the MWCNTs, prepared by mixing the MWCNTs with PVA, revealed behavior that is similar to the Sb2Te3-MWCNT heterostructures-based films. The analysis of the processes impacting the changes in the conductance of the Sb2Te3-MWCNT heterostructures and bare MWCNTs is performed. The proposed in this work bending method can be applied for the control of the uniformity of distribution of components in heterostructures and fillers in polymer-based composites.
Genome-Wide Identification of SPX Family Genes and Functional Characterization of PeSPX6 and PeSPX-MFS2 in Response to Low Phosphorus in Phyllostachys edulis

Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is the most widely distributed bamboo species in the subtropical regions of China. Due to the fast-growing characteristics of P. edulis, its growth requires high nutrients, including phosphorus. Previous studies have shown that SPX proteins play key roles in phosphorus signaling and homeostasis. However, the systematic identification, molecular characterization, and functional characterization of the SPX gene family have rarely been reported in P. edulis. In this study, 23 SPXs were identified and phylogenetic analysis showed that they were classified into three groups and distributed on 13 chromosomes. The analysis of conserved domains indicated that there was a high similarity between PeSPXs among SPX proteins in other species. RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR analysis indicated that PeSPX6 and PeSPX-MFS2, which were highly expressed in roots, were clearly upregulated under low phosphorus. Co-expression network analysis and a dual luciferase experiment in tobacco showed that PeWRKY6 positively regulated the PeSPX6 expression, while PeCIGR1-2, PeMYB20, PeWRKY6, and PeWRKY53 positively regulated the PeSPX-MFS2 expression. Overall, these results provide a basis for the identification of SPX genes in P. edulis and further exploration of their functions in mediating low phosphorus responses.
Modeling of Fluid-Structure Interaction

▪ Abstract The interaction of a flexible structure with a flowing fluid in which it is submersed or by which it is surrounded gives rise to a rich variety of physical phenomena with applications in many fields of engineering, for example, the stability and response of aircraft wings, the flow of blood through arteries, the response of bridges and tall buildings to winds, the vibration of turbine and compressor blades, and the oscillation of heat exchangers. To understand these phenomena we need to model both the structure and the fluid. However, in keeping with the overall theme of this volume, the emphasis here is on the fluid models. Also, the applications are largely drawn from aerospace engineering although the methods and fundamental physical phenomena have much wider applications. In the present article, we emphasize recent developments and future challenges. To provide a context for these, the article begins with a description of the various physical models for a fluid undergoing time-dependent mot.
Regularity lemmas for hypergraphs and quasi-randomness

We give a simple proof for Szemeredi's Regularity Lemma and its generalization for k-uniform hypergraphs. For fixed k, there are altogether k -1 different versions of the regularity lemma for k-uniform hypergraphs. The connection between regularity lemmas for hypergraphs and quasi-random classes of hypergraphs is also investigated.
Stochastic MPC with Imperfect State Information and Bounded Controls

This paper addresses the problem of output feedback Model Predictive Control for stochastic linear systems, with hard and soft constraints on the control inputs as well as soft constraints on the state. We use the so-called purified outputs along with a suitable nonlinear control policy and show that the resulting optimization program is convex. We also show how the proposed method can be applied in a receding horizon fashion. Contrary to the state feedback case, the receding horizon implementation in the output feedback case requires the update of several optimization parameters and the recursive computation of the conditional probability densities of the state given the previous measurements. Algorithms for performing these tasks are developed.
Properties of color images of surfaces under multiple illuminants

We present a theoretical framework for object-based segmentation of color images that extracts the uniformly colored regions on an arbitrary surface all the points of which are exposed to the same set of light sources. This segmentation is a necessary stage before shape-from-shading processing. We introduce a consistent definition of rank and provide a complete classification of interactions among shape, surface color, and illumination. The proposed theory is an extension of known approaches.
NOTES ON COMBINATORIAL MATHEMATICS: TRANSITIVE SUBTOURNAMENTS,

Abstract : The report describes a round robin tournament in which each player plays one game with every other player, and each game ends in a win for one of the players. In a tournament of this type with 15 players, it is shown that some 5 players will be involved in a transitive subtournament. That is, considering only the games that the 5 players play among themselves, the players can be ranked in such a way that no upsets occur. Although the same result has been obtained by other authors using different techniques, this proof is unique in that it involves close scrutiny of the subtournament of players that have lost to one individual player. Certain families of sets of players are studied that turn out to be Steiner triple systems on seven elements. This result disproves a conjecture of the Hungarian mathematicians P. Erdos and L. Moser. (Author)
A Lagrangian network for multifingered hand grasping force optimization

A Lagrangian network which is developed from the Lagrange multiplier method, is proposed for multifingered hand grasping force optimization. The Lagrangian network is a recurrent neural network and is shown to be capable of taking into account the nonlinearity of the friction constraints between contacts. By giving the external load and the finger joint torque limits to the neural network, it asymptotically converges to a set of optimal grasping forces. Simulation results show that the proposed approach gives a better quality of optimal grasping force compared to other approaches in the literature.
A study of fuzzy variable structure sliding mode control

The main objective of this paper is to study the dynamic behavior and steady-state performance of fuzzy variable structure sliding mode control system (FVSSMCS). Two parts of discussion are presented: the study of normal control phase and sliding-mode control phase in FVSSMCS respectively. In the study of normal control phase, we present a new control law that can ameliorate the dynamic performance of FVSSMCS based on the term of hitting value which represents the ability to control the system states to hit a user-defined sliding hyperplane. Moreover, we have studied the sliding-mode control phase in FVSSMCS and made the conclusion that the scope of the sliding hyperplane has been extended so that the chattering can be decreased. Thus the robustness of the system is reinforced because of the fuzzification of the sliding hyperplane. Simulation results of the huge-ship heading control support the study of FVSSMC in this paper.
Silicon semiconductor detectors for various nuclear radiations

Silicon semiconductor detectors for a nuclear radiation monitor of various rays (/spl gamma/ rays, neutrons and charged particles) have been developed. These detectors are diffused p-n junction type devices with low leakage current. The /spl gamma/ ray detector is produced, using high resistivity p-type silicon (2-10 k /spl Omega//spl middot/cm), to increase thickness of the depletion layer. This detector has been applied as an area monitor and a computerized personal dosimeter with an IC card. For the neutron detector, proton radiators and boron convertors are coated on the surface of the detector element. Neutrons are detected as recoil protons by interaction of the proton radiator and, as /spl alpha/-particles generated by the nuclear reaction /sup 10/B(n,/spl alpha/)/sup 7/Li. The energy response of this detector meets the ICRP recommendation for a radiation monitor. The charged particles (/spl alpha/, /spl beta/ rays) detector having a large sensitive area (up to 6000 mm/sup 3/) is coated with double passivation layers (Si/sub 3/N/sub 4//SiO/sub 2/) on the surface of the detector element in order to reduce leakage current due to surface stress. The leakage current of less than 220 nA is achieved for the sensitive area by application of the double layers. The charged particles detector can be applied as a radioactive dust monitor and a contamination monitor, and the neutron detector is suited as an area monitor and a personal dosimeter.
Decomposition and representation of planar curves using curvature-tuned smoothing

This paper introduces a new symbolic representation for planar curves. Our approach unifies the problems of curve smoothing, curvature measurement, and curve decomposition. The technique is based on a smoothing operation which causes no perturbation if applied to data composed of ideal model primitives. Thus for natural data, potential model fits are not skewed by the results of the smoothing operation. The representation is based in a decomposition of the curve into regions of roughly uniform curvature. A family of functions is defined that extract the segments of the curve as part of the smoothing process. The representation decomposes the curve at multiple scales and the parts produced appear to correspond to a natural decomposition of the curve. It also allows for multiple descriptions of some parts of the curve. The final representation can be rendered compact, avoids several common disadvantages in noisy curve description, and should be useful for recognition. It is multi-scale, allows arbitrary degrees of precision in describing the underlying data and intuitive appeal. The representation has been tested in a limited curve matching algorithm and preliminary results are promising. Several issues relating to the measurement of curvature information within this framework are presented briefly. The questions of the simplification of the ensuing representation and the extension to three-dimensional surface description are also addressed.
Dynamic modeling in the simulation, optimization, and control of bipedal and quadrupedal robots

Fundamental principles and recent methods for investigating the nonlinear dynamics of legged robot motions with respect to control, stability, and design are discussed. One of them is the still challenging problem of producing dynamically stable gaits. The generation of fast walking or running motions requires methods and algorithms adept at handling the nonlinear dynamical effects and stability issues which arise. Reduced, recursive multibody algorithms, a numerical optimal control method, and new stability and energy performance indices are presented which are well‐suited for this purpose. Difficulties and open problems are discussed along with numerical investigations into the proposed gait generation scheme. Our analysis considers both bipedal and quadrupedal gaits.
Generalized Formula for the Electric Tunnel Effect between Similar Electrodes Separated by a Thin Insulating Film

A formula is derived for the electric tunnel effect through a potential barrier of arbitrary shape existing in a thin insulating film. The formula is applied to a rectangular barrier with and without image forces. In the image force problem, the true image potential is considered and compared to the approximate parabolic solution derived by Holm and Kirschstein. The anomalies associated with Holm's expression for the intermediate voltage characteristic are resolved. The effect of the dielectric constant of the insulating film is discussed in detail, and it is shown that this constant affects the temperature dependence of the J‐V characteristic of a tunnel junction.
Interkingdom Signaling of the Insect Pathogen Photorhabdus luminescens with Plants Via the LuxR solo SdiA

In bacteria, group-coordinated behavior such as biofilm formation or virulence are often mediated via cell–cell communication, a process referred to as quorum sensing (QS). The canonical QS system of Gram-negative bacteria uses N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) as communication molecules, which are produced by LuxI-type synthases and sensed by cognate LuxR-type receptors. These receptors act as transcriptional regulators controlling the expression of specific genes. Some bacteria harbor LuxR-type receptors lacking a cognate LuxI-type synthases, designated as LuxR solos. Among many other LuxR solos, the entomopathogenic enteric bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens harbors a SdiA-like LuxR solo containing an AHL signal-binding domain, for which a respective signal molecule and target genes have not been identified yet. Here we performed SPR analysis to demonstrate that SdiA acts as a bidirectional regulator of transcription, tightly controlling its own expression and the adjacent PluDJC_01670 (aidA) gene in P. luminescens, a gene supposed to be involved in the colonization of eukaryotes. Via qPCR we could further determine that in sdiA deletion mutant strains, aidA is upregulated, indicating that SdiA negatively affects expression of aidA. Furthermore, the ΔsdiA deletion mutant exhibited differences in biofilm formation and motility compared with the wild-type. Finally, using nanoDSF analysis we could identify putative binding ability of SdiA towards diverse AHLs, but also to plant-derived signals, modulating the DNA-binding capacity of SdiA, suggesting that this LuxR solo acts as an important player in interkingdom signaling between P. luminescens and plants.
Predicting human decisions in socioeconomic interaction using real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rtfMRI)

A major field in cognitive neuroscience investigates neuronal correlates of human decision-making processes [1, 2]. Is it possible to predict a decision before it is actually revealed by the volunteer? In the presented manuscript we use a standard paradigm from economic behavioral research that proved emotional influences on human decision making: the Ultimatum Game (UG). In the UG, two players have the opportunity to split a sum of money. One player is deemed the proposer and the other, the responder. The proposer makes an offer as to how this money should be split between the two. The second player can either accept or reject this offer. If it is accepted, the money is split as proposed. If rejected, then neither player receives anything. In the presented study a real-time fMRI system was used to derive the brain activation of the responder. Using a Relevance-Vector-Machine classifier it was possible to predict if the responder will accept or reject an offer. The classification result was presented to the operator 1-2 seconds before the volunteer pressed a button to convey his decision. The classification accuracy reached about 70% averaged over six subjects.
Ferromagnetic resonance in a crystal of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3

A single crystal of La0.7Sr0. 3MnO3 was grown by the floating zone method. The ferromagnetic resonance linewidth at 8.5 GHz has a minimum of 50 Oe at 340 K and increases with lowering temperature. This is indicative of some residual inhomogeneity. The anisotropy of the resonance field was studied as a function of angle in the sample plane, and we find a small uniaxial anisotropy, Han≅230 Oe at 77 K.
On the filtration of topological and pro- $l$ mapping class groups of Punctured Riemann surfaces

$\Gamma_{g,n}$ be the pure mapping class group of $R_{g.n}$ . As is well known, $\Gamma_{g,n}$ is isomorphic to a certain subgroup of the outer automorphism group of the topological fundamental group $\pi_{g.n}$ of $R_{g,n}$ . The group $\pi_{g,n}$ has a natural filtration $\{\pi_{g}n(m)\}_{m=1}^{\infty}$ called the weight filtration, which is introduced by T. Oda. This filtration naturally induces a filtration $\{\Gamma_{g.n}[m]\}_{m=0}^{\infty}$ of $\Gamma_{gn}$ . The aim of this paper is to serve some basic results about this filtration. In this paper, we assume that $2-2g-n<0$ , which is equivalent to that the group $\pi_{g.n}$ is non-abelian. TO explain our first result, let us recall that there exists a canonical exact sequence