Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Boulders on Channel Width and Slope: Field Data and Theory

Large boulders with a diameter of up to several tens of meters are globally observed in mountainous bedrock channel environments. Recent theories suggest that high concentrations of boulders are associated with changes in channel morphology. However, data are scarce and ambiguous, and process-related studies are limited. Here we present data from the Liwu River, Taiwan, showing that channel width and slope increase with boulder concentration. We apply two mass balance principles of bedrock erosion and sediment transport and develop a theory to explain the steepening and widening trends. Five mechanisms are considered and compared to the field data. The cover effect by immobile boulders is found to have no influence on channel width. Channel width can partially be explained by boulder control on the tools effect and on the partitioning of the flow shear stress. However, none of the mechanisms we explored can adequately explain the scattered width data, potentially indicating a long-timescale adjustment of channel width to boulder input. Steepening can be best described by assuming a reduction of sediment transport efficiency with boulder concentration. We find that boulders represent a significant perturbation to the fluvial landscape. Channels tend to adjust to this perturbation leading to a new morphology that differs from boulder-free channels. The general approach presented here can be further expanded to explore the role of other boulder-related processes.
P Systems with Evolutional Communication and Division Rules

A widely studied field in the framework of membrane computing is computational complexity theory. While some types of P systems are only capable of efficiently solving problems from the class P, adding one or more syntactic or semantic ingredients to these membrane systems can give them the ability to efficiently solve presumably intractable problems. These ingredients are called to form a frontier of efficiency, in the sense that passing from the first type of P systems to the second type leads to passing from non-efficiency to the presumed efficiency. In this work, a solution to the SAT problem, a well-known NP-complete problem, is obtained by means of a family of recognizer P systems with evolutional symport/antiport rules of length at most (2,1) and division rules where the environment plays a passive role; that is, P systems from CDEC^(2,1). This result is comparable to the one obtained in the tissue-like counterpart, and gives a glance of a parallelism and the non-evolutionary membrane systems with symport/antiport rules.
Identifying electrically weak and strong segments of a power system from a voltage stability viewpoint

Voltage instability leading to collapse appears to be due to the inability of networks to meet a demand for reactive power at certain critical (or weak) buses. Practical control algorithms to prevent voltage collapse should identify the critical buses in the network and maintain control on voltages at these buses in particular. Two methods are proposed for identifying the weak buses and segments in power transmission networks. Both methods employ a technique presented earlier for determining the static voltage stability limit in multimachine power systems. The first method is based on the relative change in the bus voltages going from an initial operating state to the voltage stability limit. The second method is based on the sensitivity parameters computed at the voltage stability limit.
Cytotoxic Lactalbumin-Oleic Acid Complexes in the Human Milk Diet of Preterm Infants

Frozen storage is necessary to preserve expressed human milk for critically ill and very preterm infants. Milk pasteurization is essential for donor milk given to this special population. Due to these storage and processing conditions, subtle changes occur in milk nutrients. These changes may have clinical implications. Potentially, bioactive complexes of unknown significance could be found in human milk given to preterm infants. One such complex, a cytotoxic α-lactalbumin-oleic acid complex named “HAMLET,” (Human Alpha-Lactalbumin Made Lethal to Tumor cells) is a folding variant of alpha-lactalbumin that is bound to oleic acid. This complex, isolated from human milk casein, has specific toxicity to both carcinogenic cell lines and immature non-transformed cells. Both HAMLET and free oleic acid trigger similar apoptotic mechanisms in tissue and stimulate inflammation via the NF-κB and MAPK p38 signaling pathways. This protein-lipid complex could potentially trigger various inflammatory pathways with unknown consequences, especially in immature intestinal tissues. The very preterm population is dependent on human milk as a medicinal and broadly bioactive nutriment. Therefore, HAMLET’s possible presence and bioactive role in milk should be addressed in neonatal research. Through a pediatric lens, HAMLET’s discovery, formation and bioactive benefits will be reviewed.
Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Services in Ireland: A National Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: This study aimed to describe the provision of consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP, also known as liaison psychiatry) services in acute hospitals in Ireland, and to measure it against recommended resourcing levels. Methods: This is a survey of all acute hospitals in Ireland with Emergency Departments, via an electronic survey sent by email and followed up by telephone calls for missing data. Data were collected on service configuration, activity, and resourcing. Data were collected from CLP or proxy services at all acute hospitals with an Emergency Department in Ireland (n = 29). This study measured staffing and activity levels where available. Results: None of the services met the minimum criteria set out by either national or international guidance per 500 bed general hospital. Conclusions: CLP is a relatively new specialty in Ireland, but there are clear international guidelines about the staffing levels required to run these services safely and effectively. In Ireland, despite clear national guidance on staffing levels, no services are staffed to the levels suggested as the minimum. It is likely that patients in Ireland's acute hospitals have worse outcomes, and hospitals have unnecessary costs, due to this lack. This is the first study of CLP provision in Ireland and demonstrates the resource constraints under which most services work and the heterogeneity of services nationally.
A Case of Bilateral Central Retinal Artery Occlusion in a Post-COVID Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis Patient

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a multifactorial disease, where inflammation and hypercoagulability are the major risk factors. It is a rare occurrence in this geographical area in patients diagnosed with sinus mucormycosis infection, which has emerged as one of the most fulminant, opportunistic secondary infection during post-COVID era. We report a case of a bilateral CRAO, in a 66-year-old, post-COVID, diabetic patient. A complete eye examination followed by radiological imaging of brain, orbit, and paranasal sinuses were done. Multidisciplinary approach was contemplated to reach a diagnosis of bilateral rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM). Intravenous liposomal amphotericin-B injection was started as a part of systemic management and an aggressive sinus debridement of both sides with amphotericin-B wash was also done. Despite an early diagnosis and intervention, the patient succumbed to her illness. All post-COVID patients presenting with the complaints of blurring of vision should be meticulously examined for the presence of any retinal abnormality in both the eyes as this may be a manifestation of an underlying secondary fungal infection. Early diagnosis of ROCM and management will help in reducing complications.
Anharmonic Effects in Ordered Kesterite-Type Cu2ZnSnS4

We performed an in-depth investigation and analysis of the effect of temperature on the Raman-active A-modes of bulk kesterite-type Cu2ZnSnS4 within the 300–460 K temperature range. We acquired the individual contributions to each Raman mode, namely, the thermal expansion and anharmonic interactions terms responsible for the Raman shift and broadening with temperature. Our results indicate that the Raman shift with temperature is dominated by the thermal expansion term, whereas the broadening is mainly governed by three-phonon damping processes in this material. Considering relevant results from the literature, it appears that dimensionality is a key factor in regulating the dominant phonon decay mechanism.
Evaluation Effect of Mycorrhiza Inoculate under Drought Stress Condition on Grain Yield of Sorghum. (Sorghum bicolor)

Plants, During The Period of Growth and Development, are exposed to Environmental Stress. One of the Most Important Stresses is drought Stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mycorrhiza inoculate under drought stress condition on grain yield of sorghum(sorghum bicolor). This Experiment Was Carried Out in Factorial by using a Randomized Complete Block Design in inThree Replications in 2009 in Shiraz-Sadra city. Treatments are Consisted of drought Stress in four levels:I1:Reirrigation when %75 of plant available water is remained.I2: Reirrigation when %55 of plant available water is remained.I3: Reirrigation when %35 of plant available water is remained.I4: Reirrigation when %15 of plant available water is remained And mycorrhizae (M1)and nonmycorrhiza (M0) The Results Showed that drought Stress was effective on plant length,shoot dry mater, 1000 kernel weight and yield have shown a decreas 1% level of significantly but mycorrhiza could release the decrease effects of drought stress on grain yield of sorghum in middle level of drought stress. the interaction of mycorrhiza and drought stress on these characteristics was significant in 1% level. grain yield increased 17.8 percent by use of mycorrhizal effect with compared to control.
Temperature dependence of the anomalous leakage current in polysilicon-on-insulator MOSFET's

A new analytical model is presented for the temperature and bias dependence of the anomalous leakage current based on thermionic field emission via grain boundary traps in the gate-drain overlap region in polysilicon-on-insulator MOSFET's. The existing model based on pure field emission (tunneling) via grain boundary traps does not include a temperature dependence and therefore cannot explain the observed strong temperature dependence of leakage at low gate voltages, as well as the weaker temperature dependence at high gate voltages, which the new analytical model presented in this paper can. Below 150 K, we believe that impact ionization due to the increasing carrier mean free path leads to the observed increase in the leakage current with decreasing temperature. Since the analytical model does not include impact ionization, it cannot model the leakage current at low temperatures. >
Direct repetitive control of SPWM inverter for UPS purpose

A novel repetitive controller directly combined with an open loop SPWM inverter is presented in this paper. To cope with the high-resonant peak of the open loop inverter that may cause instability, a zero-phase-shift notch filter other than the inverse transfer function of the inverter or a conventional second-order filter is incorporated in the controller. The proposed method has good harmonic rejection and large tolerance to parameter variations. To further reduce the steady-state error, a low-pass-filter Q(z) algorithm is applied. The DC bias problem is also taken into consideration and solved with the repetitive controller itself. The method is implemented with a digital signal processor and achieves low THD% (1.4%-1.7%) with nonlinear loads and fast error convergence (3-5 fundamental periods). It proves to be a cost-effective solution for common UPS products where high-quality output voltage is more stressed than fast dynamic response.
Association between Daily Niacin Intake and Glaucoma: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Background and Aims: To determine the relationship between dietary intake of niacin and glaucoma using the data from the 2005 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: Subjects aged 40 years and older who participated in the dietary intake interview and vision health questionnaire of NHANES were included in the study. Glaucoma diagnosis by self-report was utilized. Additionally, glaucoma diagnosis by fundus imaging and International Society Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology (ISGEO) criteria was used in subjects with available qualified retinal imaging. Survey logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between daily niacin consumption and glaucoma. Results: A total of 5768 participants were included in the study. There was a significant decrease in the crude odds of self-reported glaucoma in the third (OR 0.57, 95% Cl 0.43–0.76; p < 0.001) and fourth (OR 0.57, 95% Cl 0.37–0.90; p = 0.018) quartiles of daily niacin consumption, which equated to 21.01 to 28.22 mg/day and greater than 28.22 mg/day, respectively. A similar trend was found using fundus imaging of subjects with niacin intake in the third (OR 0.42, 95% Cl 0.25–0.72; p = 0.002) and fourth (OR 0.36, 95% Cl 0.20–0.67; p = 0.002) quartiles. After adjusting for covariates, the odds of glaucoma based on fundus imaging remained significantly lower for niacin intake in the third (OR 0.49, 95% Cl 0.28–0.87; p = 0.016) and fourth (OR 0.48, 95% Cl 0.26–0.89; p = 0.022) quartile levels. Using ISGEO criteria, there was no significant association between glaucoma and daily niacin consumption. Conclusions: Greater niacin intake may be associated with a lower chance of developing glaucoma.
Programmable fractional-ratio frequency multiplying clock generator

A new programmable delay-locked loop (DLL) based fractional frequency multiplying clock generator is presented. In contrast to conventional DLL-based clock generators that generate only integer clock multiplication, the proposed clock generator provides fractional-ratio frequency multiplication while maintaining the advantages of DLLs, such as the deskewing between the input and the output clocks. Implemented in a 0.13 μm 1.2 V CMOS process, the proposed clock generator achieves an effective peak-to-peak jitter of 7.5 ps and occupies an active area of 0.018 mm 2 while dissipating 9.0 mW at 1.5 GHz. The output frequency ranges from 0.85 to 1.5 GHz with programmable fractional multiplication ratios of N / M , where N = 4, 5, 8, 10 and M = 1, 2, 3.
Motorcyclist's Riding Discomfort in Malaysia: Comparison of BMI, Riding Experience, Riding Duration and Riding Posture

There is very little (or no) information about the riding discomfort of motorcyclists in Malaysia. Therefore, this study was done with the intention of highlighting the relationship of the discomfort on the motorcyclist's body parts during the riding process concerning factors such as body mass index (BMI), riding experience, riding hours, and preferred riding posture. This study (questionnaire survey) was done by using 957 respondents (481 males and 476 females) with an age range from 18 years to 24 years, which was collected from a previous study. The results indicate that the majority of motorcyclists who participated in this study are in the normal BMI category. However, the majority of these motorcyclists suffer discomfort in their body parts during the riding process. It is noticeable that the majority of female motorcyclists started with higher discomfort symptoms concerning the corresponding factors (BMI, riding hours, and riding experience) compared with male motorcyclists. Most male discomfort symptoms were focused on the buttock and upper body parts, whereas the female motorcyclists experienced discomfort in all of their body parts (lower, buttocks, and upper body parts). Furthermore, the results also highlight that the motorcyclists' discomfort was correlated with riding posture. Therefore, this study clearly identified that motorcyclists experience discomfort in their body parts during the riding process. The findings also highlight that the current interaction of humans (motorcyclists) and machine (motorcycle) is not an ideal ergonomic philosophy. However, further detailed study (laboratory and field study) needs to be done to uncover fully the parameters or factors that constrain the ergonomic comfortability in the motorcycle riding process. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM JARINGAN MULTIDROP MENGGUNAKAN RS485 PADA APLIKASI PENGONTROLAN ALAT PENERANGAN KAMAR HOTEL

Umumnya lampu pada kamar hotel masih menggunakan saklar manual, sehingga lampu hanya bisa dioperasikan secara manual. Dengan demikian konsumsi daya listrik tidak bisa terkontrol secara baik, hal ini karena kebiasaan yang kurang disiplin terhadap penggunaan daya listrik. Atas dasar permasaalahan tersebut penulis membuat alat pengontrol lampu kamar hotel yang bisa memonitor lampu pada tiap kamar dan mengendalikannya melalui PC. Alat ini dirancang dengan memanfaatkan komunikasi multidrop RS485 dan mikrokontroler AT89S51 sebagai pengendali utama, dimana PC/komputer berfungsi untuk menampilkan kondisi lampu dan memberikan perintah pada mikrokontroler untuk mengendalikan lampu. Informasi yang diterima oleh komputer dari mikrokontroler diperoleh melalui jaringan multidrop RS485, begitu pula perintah yang diterima mikrokontroler oleh PC diterima melalui jaringan multidrop RS485. Rangkaian terdiri dari dua grup/drop, dimana tiap satu drop mengoperasikan dua buah lampu. Dari hasil uji coba yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa rangkaian ini bekerja dengan baik, hal ini dibuktikan software PC dapat berkomunikasi dengan rangkaian jaringan multidrop RS485 dan lampu dapat dikendalikan oleh PC. Masih terdapat kekurangan pada alat ini yakni terkadang relay yang bertugas menyalakan lampu terkadang masih memiliki selisih waktu dari perintah yang dilakukan software PC.
Ionic Liquids and Water: Hydrophobicity vs. Hydrophilicity

Many chemical processes rely extensively on organic solvents posing safety and environmental concerns. For a successful transfer of some of those chemical processes and reactions to aqueous media, agents acting as solubilizers, or phase-modifiers, are of central importance. In the present work, the structure of aqueous solutions of several ionic liquid systems capable of forming multiple solubilizing environments were modeled by molecular dynamics simulations. The effect of small aliphatic chains on solutions of hydrophobic 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonylimide ionic liquids (with alkyl = propyl [C3C1im][NTf2], butyl [C4C1im][NTf2] and isobutyl [iC4C1im][NTf2]) are covered first. Next, we focus on the interactions of sulphonate- and carboxylate-based anions with different hydrogenated and perfluorinated alkyl side chains in solutions of [C2C1im][CnF2n+1SO3], [C2C1im][CnH2n+1SO3], [C2C1im][CF3CO2] and [C2C1im][CH3CO2] (n = 1, 4, 8). The last system considered is an ionic liquid completely miscible with water that combines the cation N-methyl-N,N,N-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium [N1 2OH 2OH 2OH]+, with high hydrogen-bonding capability, and the hydrophobic anion [NTf2]–. The interplay between short- and long-range interactions, clustering of alkyl and perfluoroalkyl tails, and hydrogen bonding enables a wealth of possibilities in tailoring an ionic liquid solution according to the needs.
AN EVALUATION ON LEVEL OF PUBLICNESS OF URBAN PUBLIC SPACES BY USING CORE DIMENSIONS; SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO GALLE FORT (SEA BATH AREA), FOREST (BEACH) PARK AREA, MAHAMODARA MARINE WALK AND OCEAN PATHWAY IN GALLE

In 1990s, the decrement of non-built-up areas due to urbanization directly cause a reduction in the quality of life of the people & the occurrence of social issues in Sri Lanka due to monotonous lifestyles. Therefore, to overcome these issues with a sustainable Sri Lankan vision by 2030 urban beautification projects like urban public spaces, parks concept was introduced to Sri Lanka especially in suburban areas. Recently, the urban recreational spaces concept came to urban fabric with common characteristics that were developed as social spaces for community gathering and interactions with a variety of physical activities. Although with the emerging public space concept, there is no such consideration on research regarding an evaluation on publicness of urban public spaces by using physical dimensions; Specific Reference to Galle Fort (sea bath area), Forest Park area, Mahamodara Marine walk and Ocean Pathway in Galle. Further, there is no proper regulatory framework in public space monitoring & evaluation to improve the infrastructure of public space. The research aim is to evaluate the level of publicness of urban public spaces based on physical dimensions which are owned by public administration in Sri Lanka. Also, it focused to identify what parameters, need to evaluate the level of publicness and understand satisfaction levels of urban public spaces and key indicators, to assess how contributing indicators, influence to achieve the effectiveness of public spaces among users and to provide recommendations based on the experts’ and users’ views for future improvements of urban public spaces to enhance the publicness level in Sri Lanka. This study was focused on four urban public spaces with the dissimilarity of the availability of design characteristics in Galle. The methodology of the research was comprised of onsite observations, questionnaire surveys, semi-structured interviews, and photographic documentation. The data were quantitatively analysed by using the VIKOR model which is a democratic model to evaluate the publicness level, AHP analysis, and descriptive statistical analysis using SPSS and EXCEL. Qualitative analysis was based on content analysis and photographic documentation. According to the findings of the research, it proved that based on key physical dimensions, criteria, and indicators publicness level, effectiveness, and truly public or not in four case studies. The highest publicness level and satisfaction level occurred in Forest Park which proved the hypothesis of the study. Additionally, by providing more shady areas, proper waste management, proper sitting opportunities, provide proper security system and monitoring system for control spaces, provide diverse activities for all age categories are some of the comments based on respondents which need to be considered in planning & designing urban spaces for increase attraction levels which are benefited for urban planners and designer.
Challenge and Trend of SRAM Based Computation-in-Memory Circuits for AI Edge Devices

The conventional von-Neumann computational architecture is ill-suited to energy-efficient artificial intelligence (AI) edge devices, due to the separation of memory and computing units. Compute-in-Memory (CIM) arrays have been developed to break through this the memory-wall bottleneck and improve energy efficiency. In this article, we review a number of recent silicon verified compute-in-memory designs and outline on-going challenges and trends in the further development of this technology.