Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stabilized Soil Organic Carbon Pools in Subsoils under Forest Are Potential Sinks for Atmospheric CO 2

The soil organic carbon (SOC) pool stored in subsoil horizons in forests plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. Strategies are needed to increase the subsoil SOC pool in forests because the turnover time of SOC increases with increase in soil depth as subsoil SOC is chemically and physically stabilized. We compared the total SOC and total nitrogen (TN) pools, chemically and physically separated SOC fractions, and C and N pools in fine roots in a soil pedon in an oak-hickory forest type consisting of white oak (Quercus alba L.) and red oak (Quercus rubra L.) with yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) at the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed near Coshocton, Ohio, USA. The SOC pool was the highest in the A horizon (47.4 Mg ha 1 ) and smaller in the Bt1 (6.9 Mg ha 1 ) and Bt2 (6.7 Mg ha 1 ) horizons. The SOC and TN concentra- tions sharply decreased with depth. Fine root C and N pools were much larger in the A horizon (0.71 and 0.025 Mg ha 1 ) than in underlying horizons. Although only 22% of the SOC pool was stored below the A horizon, 58% of the chemically stabilized and 31% of the physically stabilized SOC fractions pool occurred in the subsoil horizons. Thus, studies are needed to test whether forest management can increase the stabilized SOC pool in subsoil horizons to mitigate the human-induced climate change. FOR . S CI. 57(1):19-25.
An Update on the Efficacy of Single and Serial Intravenous Ketamine Infusions and Esketamine for Bipolar Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ketamine has shown rapid antidepressant and anti-suicidal effects in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) with single and serial intravenous (IV) infusions, but the effectiveness for depressive episodes of bipolar disorder is less clear. We conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to appraise the current evidence on the efficacy and tolerability of ketamine/esketamine in bipolar depression. A search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies examining single or multiple infusions of ketamine or esketamine treatments. A total of 2657 articles were screened; 11 studies were included in the systematic review of which 7 studies were included in the meta-analysis (five non-randomized, N = 159; two RCTs, N = 33) with a mean age of 42.58 ± 13.1 years and 54.5% females. Pooled analysis from two RCTs showed a significant improvement in depression symptoms measured with MADRS after receiving a single infusion of ketamine (1-day WMD = −11.07; and 2 days WMD = −12.03). Non-randomized studies showed significant response (53%, p < 0.001) and remission rates (38%, p < 0.001) at the study endpoint. The response (54% vs. 55%) and remission (30% vs. 40%) rates for single versus serial ketamine infusion studies were similar. The affective switch rate in the included studies approximated 2.4%. Esketamine data for bipolar depression are limited, based on non-randomized, small sample-sized studies. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to strengthen the evidence.
Consumptive wildlife utilization as a land-use form in Namibia

This study summarizes data for the consumptive wildlife industry in Namibia, both in terms of resource availability and current utilization and monetary value. Based on these data a spreadsheet-based cash-flow model is developed to simulate scenarios and to explore what constitutes the critical parameter. Based on this data synthesis and modelling, recommendations are made and conclusions drawn. Chapter one gives an overview of Namibia’s economy, with special reference to the livestock and wildlife industry. The fact that the commercial livestock herd has been shrinking over the years is pointed out, as well as the stable output achieved through better management practices. The literature research has shown that wildlife ranching could be a viable alternative to livestock farming as practised in southern Africa, especially in the more arid areas with higher rainfall variability. Chapter two outlines the resource availability, based on the distribution and densities of the more common species. The occurrence of the rarer species is touched on. The point is made that it is very difficult to accurately count wildlife over large areas and that, as elsewhere, Namibia’s wildlife at a regional scale is underestimated. Chapter three documents the consumptive use of wildlife. Trophy hunting, the most important segment in terms of national income, is discussed together with the live sale of game, live export of game, venison production and night culling. A comparison is made between the economic outputs of the wildlife industry versus that of the commercial cattle industry. Chapter four covers financial modelling and the economics of the wildlife industry in Namibia. A spread-sheet based deterministic model is developed to explore the
Teaching About Contraception: Adolescent Attitudes Surrounding Sexual Education

Purpose Adolescent pregnancy remains an important public health issue in the United States as it has profound health consequences for both mother and child. Evidence shows that improved contraception use is a critical factor in decreasing rates of adolescent pregnancy. In order to provide effective and engaging contraception education, it is important to understand adolescents’ attitudes, questions, and misconceptions around the topic and its delivery. Methods Two searches were conducted using PubMed. Articles were limited to those published in the last 10 years that were written in English. The first search was completed using the search terms “Adolescent attitudes on sex education in the United States”, and resulted in 688 articles. The second search was completed using the search terms “Adolescent attitudes on contraception in the United States”, and resulted in 840 articles. Articles including contraception but focusing more on HIV, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), LGBTQ+ health and practices, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, and studies completed in other countries were excluded. Remaining articles were screened by the authors for inclusion, and articles were included if they addressed information on adolescent attitudes on both contraception for pregnancy prevention and sex education, including education by schools, community organizations, the media, peers, parents, and physicians. A total of 56 articles were included in the review. Results The overwhelming theme that emerged from the review is that adolescents prefer comprehensive sex education in a safe space that allows for exploration and questioning. Adolescents want to ask their parents questions about sexual health without fear of punishment, and they desire the opportunity to learn from their physicians in a confidential environment. Conclusion The foundation of effective sex education is a non-judgmental, confidential, and safe space where adolescents can ask questions. There are multiple resources that adolescents use to gather information and establish their preferences and attitudes.
Pengaruh Konsumsi Daging Merah terhadap Kejadian Kanker payudara: Tinjauan Pustaka

Kanker payudara adalah kanker yang paling sering diderita perempuan dan merupakan penyebab utama kematian pada perempuan di seluruh dunia. Konsumsi daging merah yang tinggi, terutama daging merah olahan, dapat dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko beberapa penyakit kronis salah satunya kanker payudara. Hal ini dikarenakan daging merah dan daging olahan dianggap mengandung zat karsinogenik bagi manusia. Selama beberapa dekade terakhir, konsumsi daging merah telah meningkat secara global, terutama di negara berkembang. Metode pencegahan yang efektif dari kejadian kanker payudara bukanlah menghindari konsumsi daging merah karena daging merah tetap merupakan sumber protein yang berguna bagi tubuh melainkan membatasi konsumsi daging merah yaitu tidak lebih dari sekitar tiga porsi per minggu atau setara dengan sekitar 350-500gram berat matang per minggu. Mengganti konsumsi daging merah dengan unggas mungkin merupakan perubahan sederhana yang dapat membantu mengurangi kasus kanker payudara di dunia.
MEDIÁTICA EN PERSONAS MAYORES Propuesta de un instrumento de evaluación

The present article shows the process of creation and validation through pilot testing, of a test developed to assess media literacy of people over 60 years of age. Based on the review of literature on the different conceptions of media literacy, and from Aguaded Ferresproposal (2011) on the degree of competence of citizen- ship in Spain, and other similar instruments used in other coun- tries in the European Union. Using the triangulation of experts, a test is proposed, that attempts to measure the level of media literacy of citizens over 60 years involved in academic learning experiences. The validation method is the application of a pilot test on a sample of 17 people aged 60 years or more, six of which have elementary studies, other six have medium level studies and the remaining five have superior studies.
Facile Synthesis of Composite Chitosan and Durio zibethinus Seed and Its Applications as Adsorbent of Metal Ion Ni(II)

Nickel is one of the most dangerous heavy metals that impact water ecosystems and human health. In the study, natural and harmless composite materials such as biochar and chitosan were modified to build adsorbent composites and form optimal conditions for the adsorption of nickel heavy metal ions from contaminated wastewater. Biochar was prepared from Durio zibethinus seeds by hydrothermal method to form nanopowder. It was treated with acid, while chitosan was designed as nanopowder by hydrothermal method, also without acid treatment. Composite adsorbents were prepared by mixing biochar and chitosan with a ratio of 4:3 (w/w). Fourier Transform Infrared characterizes composite materials as adsorbents, biochar, and chitosan. The surface morphology of the adsorbent was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms determine the adsorbent's performance. In addition, batch adsorption experiments were carried out to measure the effect of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration of metal ions. Nickel ion adsorption by the composite adsorbent showed an adsorption capacity of 26.69 mg/g, a maximum removal efficiency of 89.39% at optimum conditions of pH 6, an adsorbent dose of 0.5 g, and a contact time of 200 minutes. This adsorption capacity was better than chitosan and durian seed adsorbents. The nickel ion adsorption process by composite adsorbent shows a pattern in the Temkin isotherm model. In contrast, the chitosan and Durio zibethinus seed adsorbents tended to follow the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. In addition, the adsorption kinetics of the composite material showed pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the reaction was exothermic.
A Low-Latency Data Compressor for SPAD-Based Depth Estimation Systems

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs)-based depth imagers are vital components of direct time-of-flight (d-ToF) systems, known for their precision and high throughput. With growing demands for improved sensor temporal resolution and extended range, the chip’s output bandwidth becomes a bottleneck for the effective event rate of incoming photons due to the substantial increase in data volume. While conventional data compression techniques can enhance the event rate, they often introduce increased latency from photon-in to data-out. This brief introduces an on-chip data processor designed to prioritize low latency for continuous photon detection. It is characterized by a small photon cluster size and efficient computational and memory utilization. The processor utilizes a two-stage approach that combines delta encoding and entropy compression techniques. Our simulation results demonstrate a data compression ratio of up to 2.33, enabling efficient handling of up to 125 million 12-bit photon events per second within a one-gigabit output bandwidth. We validate the hardware resources requirement using a test chip featuring a 1 $\times $ 64 sensor array fabricated in 180 nm technology. This solution is well-prepared to meet the demands of high-speed Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems.
Recent Progress on Studies of the Spatial Structure and Dynamics for the Younger Dryas Event

As a prototype of abrupt climate changes, the Younger Dryas (YD) event occurred during the last deglaciation, when the Northern Hemispheric temperatures decreased significantly. This event, a focus of interest in the paleoclimate studies, has promoted the understanding of millennial-scale climate changes. Currently,increasing high-resolution records identified a spatio-temporal heterogeneity for the YD event. Knowledge of the structure and transitional pattern for these spatial expressions helps to determine the phase relationship between them, and further understand how reorganization of regional environments responses to rapid climate changes at the low- and high-latitudes. Thus, the previous hypotheses of trigger-response can be tested to deduce a physical interpretation for the YD and present a basis for climate prediction under the similar boundary conditions. By summarizing and comparing the modeling studies and geologic records, this review focuses on the regional responses and the current debates for YD event, and then presents some areas and directions to be further studied.Increasing high-resolution records identified a spatio-temporal heterogeneity for the Younger Dryas (YD) event. Knowledge of the structure and transitional pattern for these spatial expressions helps to determine the phase relationship between them, and further understand how reorganization of regional environments response to rapid climate changes at the low- and high-latitudes. Thus, the previous hypotheses of trigger-response can be tested to deduce a physical interpretation for the YD and present a basis for climate prediction under the similar boundary conditions.
New Insights on the Role of ß-Cyanoalanine Synthase CAS-C1 in Root Hair Elongation through Single-Cell Proteomics

(1) Background: Root hairs are specialized structures involved in water and plant nutrient uptake. They elongate from epidermal cells following a complex developmental program. ß-cyanoalanine synthase (CAS), which is mainly involved in hydrogen cyanide (HCN) detoxification in Arabidopsis thaliana, plays a role in root hair elongation, as evidenced by the fact that cas-c1 mutants show a severe defect in root hair shape. In addition to root hairs, CAS C1 is expressed in the quiescent center and meristem. (2) Methods: To identify its role in root hair formation, we conducted single-cell proteomics analysis by isolating root hair cells using Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting (FACS) from wild-type and cas-c1 mutants. We also analyzed the presence of S-cyanylation, a protein post-translational modification (PTM) mediated by HCN and affecting cysteine residues and protein activity in proteins of wild type and cas-c1 mutants. (3) Results and Conclusions: We have found that the cas-c1 mutation has no visible effect on quiescent center or meristem root tissue, in both control and nutrient-deprivation conditions. We have identified more than 3900 proteins in root hairs and we have found that several proteins involved in root hair development, related to the receptor kinase FERONIA signaling and DNA methylation, are modified by S-cyanylation.
Low-Profile Circular-Polarized Filtering Transmitarray Antenna in V-Band

This communication introduces a low-profile circular-polarized (CP) filtering transmitarray antenna operating in V-band frequencies. The proposed antenna is composed of three well-designed components: the metamaterial filtering surface, reflective polarization rotator, and planar filtering illumination source. The filtering surface inherently possesses threefold functionalities: the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${y}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-polarization to circular polarization converter with filtering capability, full-span <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\pi $ </tex-math></inline-formula> phase compensator, and reflector for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${x}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-polarization. Different from the conventional illumination source with a 3-D horn structure, the proposed one has a planar configuration and presents excellent filtering characteristics. It is integrated with the reflective polarization rotator, which can reflect a linear-polarization incident wave with 90° polarization rotation. Thanks to the double filtering contribution made by the filtering source and filtering surface, the proposed transmitarray antenna shows excellent filtering performance. Its low profile is achieved by applying the folded propagation concept and adopting the planar feeding strategy. Featuring the merits of outstanding filtering response, stable CP radiation, easy integration, and low profile, the proposed antenna is promising for applications in high-speed millimeter-wave communications.
Effect of fireworks burning on air quality under different meteorological conditions

Based on the pollutants(SO2,NO2,PM10 and PM2.5) data and meteorological data from Beijing urban,suburban and background areas during the Spring Festival period of 2006,the effects of fireworks burning on air quality were evaluated after the limited burning.The results show that fireworks burning in the New Year's Eve and in the Lantern Festival makes the particles concentrations increasing rapidly in a short moment.But the effects of fireworks burning on the concentrations of SO2 and NO2 are not significant.The particles concentrations are the highest from 21:00 to 02:00 during the Spring Festival,and the maximum value of PM2.5 concentration is six times higher than the monthly normal average.During the concentrated burning period,six hours' average concentration of PM10 in Beijing urban area is more than 400 μg/m3.During the Lantern Festival,the maximum hourly average concentration of PM2.5 is 718 μg/m3 in Beijing urban area,which is higher about 500 μg/m3 than that in Beijing background area.The meteorological conditions are still the main controlling factors of air quality during the Spring Festival.The higher concentration pollution is mainly related to wind speed,temperature inversion and humidity and so on.After the concentrated burning of the New Year's Eve,the particles concentrations reduce rapidly because of the advantageous meteorological conditions.Thus,it does not cause the lasting pollution.The lasting air pollution during the Lantern Festival is caused by the stable weather,concentrated fireworks burning and the local pollutant emission.
Conocimiento científico orientando la planificación estratégica

En cada época, la ciencia se moldea a partir de sus desafíos principales y evoluciona junto con ellos. Mientras que antes se entendía que la ciencia progresaba en un avance continuo en la certeza del conocimiento y el 'control' de los científicos sobre el mundo natural, ahora la ciencia se ve desde una perspectiva mucho más amplia. Asuntos relacionados con el medio ambiente y el uso de los recursos naturales, por ejemplo, tienden a ser globales, no solo locales, en su alcance sino también en su complejidad, incertidumbre y riesgos. Además, muchas de las posibles soluciones para enfrentar los problemas sociales actuales requieren una acción conjunta a nivel regional, urbano y local por parte de individuos, comunidades y organizaciones. La actividad de la ciencia está caracterizada cada vez más por la participación y la aceptación de diversos puntos de vista. De hecho, los procesos políticos reconocen en forma creciente nuestras obligaciones hacia las generaciones futuras, hacia otros seres vivos y, realmente, hacia todo el Planeta Tierra, y así, la ciencia también amplía el alcance de sus preocupaciones (Midgley, 2000; Capra y Luisi, 2014/2019).
Sea Surface Salinity Strongly Weakens ENSO Spring Predictability Barrier

Previous studies suggested that tropical sea surface salinity (SSS) can influence tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) through mixing and entrainment and thus it may be a signal for El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) prediction. This paper explores the influence of SSS on ENSO spring predictability barrier (SPB) using an empirical dynamic model ‐ Linear Inverse Model (LIM). By coupling and decoupling SSS in the LIM, we find that tropical Pacific SSS plays a significant role in weakening both Central‐Pacific and Eastern‐Pacific ENSO SPB. The evolution of optimal initial structure also shows the importance of SSS dynamics in ENSO. We found an SSS mode that plays the dominant role in SSS impacting ENSO prediction. By the analysis of lead‐lag correlation, we find that this mode can induce easterlies during the spring, which finally leads to a La Niña‐like SST pattern in the winter through zonal advective and thermocline feedbacks.
Case Study and Comparison of High Voltage Power Transformer Dissolved Gas Analysis Assessed by Different Standards

A power transformer is a vital equipment in a power system. To prevent transformer failure, it is necessary to assess the transformer condition, one of which is through the DGA test. IEC 60599 and IEEE C57.104 become guidance for transformer assessment through the DGA test. DGA is a method of determining transformer conditions and fault diagnosis by assessing transformer oil data samples. H2, CO2, C2H4, C2H2, C2H6, CH4, CO, O2, and N2 are among the dissolved gases measured to monitor transformer conditions. To determine the faults, the IRM, RRM, and DTM are used. The fault detected on 8 transformer case studies showed T1, T2, T3, PD, D1, and D2. Maintenance recommendations for 8 power transformers evaluated were presented.
Newborn Weight and Second-Hand Smoking in Utero Exposure: A Case in A Low-Middle Income Country

Smoking exposure among pregnant women is correlated with the risk of low birth weight. The policy factors are believed to contribute to the rate or prevalence of smoking activities. This study aims to simultaneously portray the incidence of low-birth-weight newborns correlated with smoking exposure. The samples were 160 respondents, with 57 and 103 respondents in Hospital A and G respectively. A mixed-method analysis was utilized by combining a retrospective approach to identify the key findings and be equipped with a narrative analysis of the socio-demographic - law enforcement process. The Spearman correlation analysis was used for investigating correlation among variables. Spearman correlation test smoking exposure per day in minutes (rho= -0.595, p<0.001) and the number of smokers (rho= -0.621, p<0.001) for Hospital A, and smoking exposure per day in minutes (rho= -0.681, p<0.001) and the number of smokers (rho= -0.613, p<0.001) for Hospital G. It implied a strong correlation of inverse relationship among those variables. Smoke-free law enforcement is a key point to address, aiming at vulnerable group protection, including pregnant mothers and babies. The local government should consider the effects affected by smoking behavior in the community.