Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE SPRINGBOK, ANT/DORCAS MA RSUPIA L/S.

The stance and attitudes of the springbok are found to be similar to those of other gazelles. Gaits used are a rack-like walk (passgang), a trot and a gallop; display trot, the stott and the pronk are considered to be ritualised gaits of increa§ing intensity. Urination and defecation and comfort behaviour ue described. Social behaviour is discussed and mixed herds, bachelor herds and solitary territorial males are shown to occur. Territorial marking is performed by taking up conspicuous positions, horn sweeping and ritualised defecation-urination. Mating behaviour resembles that of other gazelles and harem herds are common although some copulation was seen in larger groups. Agonistic behaviour involves little ritual display. Females and young form temporary herds; the young lie out and thereafter associate in "kindergarten" groups. Communication is by various calls and by visual signals of which the erection of the dorsal fan is the most striking. Morning and evening peaks of activity occur. Previous studies of food eaten are reviewed and the results of rumen sample analysis presented. Karroid shrubs and the leaves of several bushes and trees were found to be the dominant food in June and July. Springbok drink but can survive in waterless areas. Open or semi-open habitats are preferred and the factors influencing the preference are discussed. No correlation could be found between the number of springbok using various boreholes, and the concentrations of the dissolved ions, either separately or as T.O. S. , in the water. Greenwald's.
Survey Observations of c-C2H4O and CH3CHO toward Massive Star-forming Regions

In order to clarify the formation mechanisms of ethylene oxide (cyclic-C2H4O, hereafter c-C2H4O) and its structural isomer acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), we carried out survey observations of these two molecules toward 20 massive star-forming regions and two dark clouds. CH3CHO and c-C2H4O were detected in 10 massive star-forming regions, and CH3CHO was also detected in five others. The column densities and the rotational temperatures were derived using the rotation diagram method. The column densities of these molecules were derived to be (0.1-3.3) × 1014 and (0.2-5.0) × 1014 cm-2 for c-C2H4O and CH3CHO, respectively. The fractional abundances with respect to H2 are X(c-C2H4O) = 4 × 10-11 to 6 × 10-10 and X(CH3CHO) = 7 × 10-12 to 3 × 10-9. We also detected several transitions of methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (C2H5OH), dimethyl ether [(CH3)2O], methyl formate (HCOOCH3), formic acid (HCOOH), vinyl cyanide (C2H3CN), and ethyl cyanide (C2H5CN). Comparing the abundances of the detected molecules with physical conditions of each source, we found that the abundances of most of the molecules except for c-C2H4O and CH3CHO increase along with the dust temperature of each source. On the other hand, the abundances of c-C2H4O and CH3CHO show little correlation with the dust temperature. The rotation temperatures of c-C2H4O, CH3CHO, and HCOOH are low (10-40 K) in all sources in spite of the fact that the gas kinetic temperature greatly varies from cloud to cloud. This may indicate that the line emission from each molecular species is excited in regions with different physical conditions. We performed pseudo-time-dependent chemical reaction simulations based on pure gas-phase reactions and found that the calculated abundances of observed molecules decreased when the gas kinetic temperature was raised. We investigated the relationship between the column density of C2H5OH and that of the C2H4O group (c-C2H4O + CH3CHO) because C2H5OH is believed to be a precursor of c-C2H4O and CH3CHO in the gas-phase chemistry scheme. If this hypothesis is correct, it is expected that the column density of C2H5OH is related to that of the C2H4O group. We found that the column density of the C2H4O group is high in sources where the column density of C2H5OH is high. This result is consistent with the above-mentioned hypothesis. We also investigated the relationships between the column densities of several organic species [CH3OH, C2H5OH, (CH3)2O, HCOOCH3, C2H3CN, and C2H5CN] and the luminosity-to-mass ratio, LIR/M, in OMC-1, W51A, and Sgr B2(N). We found that the column densities of these molecules are high in sources where LIR/M is high. Since LIR/M is believed to be a measure of the star formation rate per unit mass, it indicates that the column densities of these molecules become higher in sources where high star formation activity leads to a higher dust temperature. This strongly suggests that the formation of these molecules involves processes on the dust grains and subsequent sublimation to the gas phase, where they can be observed.
Diffuse scattering in Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 with 8% PbTiO3 by quasi-elastic neutron scattering

Diffuse scattering (DS) due to the polar nanoregions in perovskite relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Zm1/3Nb2/3)O3 with 8% PbTiO3 was investigated by cold neutron scattering with high energy resolution (8 GHz). The anisotropy of DS near the (100) Bragg reflection cannot be explained merely by the polar character of the inhomogeneous displacement field. The occurrence of 'soft' [110]-type directions suggests a close relation to the [110]-type ridges seen in x-ray scattering on Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3. Transverse (quasishear) acoustic phonons with wavevectors near the half maximum of DS density in the 'soft' [110] direction have anomalously large damping but their integrated intensity is small in comparison with the intensity of DS. Since no quasielastic width of the DS was found in this experiment, it is concluded that the characteristic relaxation frequency associated with this DS is less than 1–2 GHz even at 500 K. Results are compared with predictions based on recently proposed models for DS in perovskite relaxors.
Verossimilhança hierárquica em modelos de fragilidade

AMORIM, W. A. Hierarchical likelihood in frailty models. 2014. Dissertacao — Instituto de Matematica e Estatistica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 2014. Estimation procedures for frailty models have been widely discussed in the statistical literature due its widespread use in survival studies. Several estimation methods were developed: procedures based on the EM algorithm, Monte Carlo Markov chains, estimation processes based on parcial likelihood, penalized likelihood and quasi-likelihood etc. An alternative currently used is the hierarchical likelihood. The main objective of this work was to study the hierarchical likelihood advantages and disadvantages for inference in frailty models when compared with the penalized likelihood method, which is the most used one. We applied both approaches to a real data set, using R packages available. Besides, we performed a simulation study in order to compare the methods through out the bias and the mean square error of the estimators. Both methodologies presented very similar estimates, mainly for the fixed effects. In practice, the great difference was the computational cost, much higher in the hierarchical approach.
Hidden Photons in Extra Dimensions

Additional U(1) gauge symmetries and corresponding vector bosons, called hidden photons, interacting with the regular photon via kinetic mixing are well motivated in extensions of the Standard Model. Such extensions often exhibit extra spatial dimensions. In this note we investigate the effects of hidden photons living in extra dimensions. In four dimensions such a hidden photon is only detectable if it has a mass or if there exists additional matter charged under it. We note that in extra dimensions suitable masses for hidden photons are automatically present in form of the Kaluza-Klein tower.
Phase Mixing in Turbulent Magnetized Plasmas

Title of dissertation: PHASE MIXING IN TURBULENT MAGNETIZED PLASMAS Anjor Vishwas Kanekar, Doctor of Philosophy, 2015 Dissertation directed by: Professor William Dorland Department of Physics Landau damping (phase mixing) is perhaps the most salient feature of weakly collisional plasmas. Phase mixing plays a crucial role in kinetic plasma turbulence— it transfers energy to small velocity space scales, and provides a route to dissipation to the turbulent cascade. Phase mixing has been well understood in the linear limit for nearly seventy years, however, we do not yet fully understand the behavior of phase mixing in presence of a fluid-like turbulent cascade—a common scenario in weakly collisional systems. In this thesis, we consider simple models for kinetic passive scalar turbulence that simultaneously incorporate phase mixing and turbulent cascade, in order to study the effects of turbulence on phase mixing. We show that the nonlinear cascade scatters energy in the phase space so as to generate a turbulent version of the plasma echo. We find that this stochastic plasma echo suppresses phase mixing by reducing the net flux to small velocity space scales. Further, we study the problem of compressive fluctuations in the solar wind at scales larger than the ion Larmor radius (the so-called inertial range). The compressive perturbations at these scales are passively mixed by the Alfvénic turbulence. Hence, the general results regarding kinetic passive scalar turbulence are directly applicable to this problem. We find that the suppression of phase mixing by the stochastic plasma echo is key to the persistence of the turbulent cascade of compressive fluctuations at scales where these fluctuations are expected to be strongly damped. A new code, Gandalf was developed for the GPU architecture using the CUDA platform in order to study these systems, in particular to study solar wind turbulence in the inertial range. Phase mixing in Turbulent Magnetized Plasmas by Anjor Vishwas Kanekar Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2015 Advisory Committee: Professor William Dorland, Chair Professor Thomas Antonsen Professor Ramani Duraiswami Professor Adil Hassam Professor Edward Ott c © Copyright by Anjor Vishwas Kanekar 2015
The Polarization of F(1) strings into D2-branes: 'Aut Caesar aut nihil'

We give matrix and supergravity descriptions of type IIA F-strings polarizing into cylindrical D2 branes. When a RR four-form field strength F_4 is turned on in a supersymmetric fashion (with 4 supercharges), a complete analysis of the solutions reveals the existence of a moduli space of F1 -> D2 polarizations (Caesar) for some fractional strengths of the perturbation, and of no polarization whatsoever (nihil) for all other strengths of the perturbation. This is a very intriguing phenomenon, whose physical implications we can only speculate about. In the matrix description of the polarization we use the Non-Abelian Born-Infeld action in an extreme regime, where the commutators of the fields are much larger than 1. The validity of the results we obtain, provides a direct confirmation of this action, although is does not confirm or disprove the symmetrized trace prescription.
The Clinical, Biological, Psychological and Psychiatric Impact of the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Women

Objective. Psychosocial factors are correlated with the risk of breast cancer, by the lack of externalization of feelings and aggressive tendencies, or with a negative prognosis, by the presence of a high level of stress and reduced coping abilities. Impairment of psychological status should be assessed early to identify quantifiable psychooncological changes, such as depression, anxiety, and self-esteem. These indicators, measured in this study, may become psychometric markers for predicting the existence of the neoplastic process, prior to histopathological evaluations. Methods. 58 patients diagnosed with breast cancer and in different stages of evolution and 61 breast lumps patients were evaluated for depression, anxiety and self-esteem. Results. The correlation of depression and anxiety levels according to the evolutionary stage of the disease was as follows: in stage I cases of severe depression with significant anxiety predominate, in stage II mild depression predominates with insignificant anxiety, in stage III depression predominates moderate with significant anxiety, while in stage IV moderate depression with significant anxiety predominates. Conclusions. The presence of significant anxiety in the uncertainty phase and the anxious-depressive clinical picture can be an alarm signal for the initiation of specific psychotherapeutic strategies, to increase the adaptive potential and resilience to the disease to ensure a therapeutic collaboration of the patient by increasing adherence and compliance. the proposed therapeutic plan. Relatively sudden anxiety in a young woman, risk factors for breast cancer, and deficient cognitive impairment require intensified clinical and paraclinical investigations to confirm early oncological diagnosis.
Cervical screening: the evolving landscape

reach. Together, vaccination and screening are so effective at preventing the sequelae of persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infection that the World Health Organization has set ambitious targets for their global implementation by 2030, in an attempt to achieve this goal.1 Real world data from the UK show that vaccines that trigger immunity against hr-HPV are 87% effective at reducing cervical cancer risk if deployed in the early teen years.2 The NHS Cervical Screening Programme has reduced deaths from cervical cancer by up to 70% since its introduction over three decades ago.3 The discovery that HPV is the causative organism coupled with high throughput technology to detect it has enabled hr-HPV testing to replace cytology as the primary test in cervical screening, with superior sensitivity for cervical precancer detection the major advantage.4 Yet uptake of screening in the UK is low and falling. The most recent figures suggest that only 70.2% of those eligible are up-to-date with screening.5 The COVID19 pandemic has contributed further to this decline.6 Screening uptake shows geographic disparities and is particularly low in those aged <30 and >50 years of age, in people of non-White British ethnicities, those who identify as LGBTQIA+, and in socioeconomically deprived communities.7,8 The main barriers to screening are finding time to attend an appointment in primary care during working hours and the embarrassment and discomfort of the speculum examination.
A systematic review of analytical methods used in genetic association analysis of the X-chromosome

Abstract Genetic association studies have been very successful at elucidating the genetic background of many complex diseases/traits. However, the X-chromosome is often neglected in these studies because of technical difficulties and the fact that most tools only utilize genetic data from autosomes. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of different practical approaches that are followed to incorporate the X-chromosome in association analysis, such as Genome-Wide Association Studies and Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis. In general, the choice of which test statistics is most appropriate will depend on three main criteria: (1) the underlying X-inactivation model, (2) if Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium holds and sex-specific allele frequencies are expected and (3) whether adjustment for confounding variables is required. All in all, it is recommended that a combination of different association tests should be used for the analysis of X-chromosome.
The Science of Skin: Measuring Damage and Assessing Risk

Significance: Healthy skin provides a barrier to contaminants. Breaches in skin integrity are often encountered in the patient health care journey, owing to intrinsic health issues or to various procedures and medical devices used. The time has come to move clinical practice beyond mere awareness of medical adhesive-related skin injury and toward improved care and outcomes. Recent Advances: Methods developed in research settings allow quantitative assessments of skin damage based on the measurement of baseline skin properties. These properties become altered by stress and over time. Assessment methods typically used by the cosmetic industry to compare product performance could offer new possibilities to improve clinical practice by providing better information on the status of patient skin. This review summarizes available skin assessment methods as well as specific patient risks for skin damage. Critical Issues: Patients in health care settings may be at risk for skin damage owing to predisposing medical conditions, health status, medications taken, and procedures or devices used in their treatment. Skin injuries come as an additional burden to these medical circumstances and could be prevented. Technology should be leveraged to improve care, help maintain patient skin health, and better characterize functional wound closure. Future Directions: Skin testing methods developed to evaluate cosmetic products or assess damage caused by occupational exposure can provide detailed, quantitative information on the integrity of skin. Such methods have the potential to guide prevention and treatment efforts to improve the care of patients suffering from skin integrity issues while in the health care system.
The APC/CTAD1-WIDE LEAF 1-NARROW LEAF 1 pathway controls leaf width in rice.

Leaf morphology is one of the most important features of the ideal plant architecture. However, the genetic and molecular mechanisms controlling this feature in crops remain largely unknown. Here, we characterized the rice (Oryza sativa) wide leaf 1 (wl1) mutant, which has wider leaves than the wild type (WT) due to more vascular bundles and greater distance between small vascular bundles. WL1 encodes a Cys-2/His-2-type (C2H2) zinc finger protein that interacts with Tillering and Dwarf 1 (TAD1), a co-activator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) (a multi-subunit E3 ligase). The APC/CTAD1 complex degrades WL1 via the ubiquitin-26S proteasome degradation pathway. Loss-of-function of TAD1 resulted in plants with narrow leaves due to reduced vascular bundle numbers and distance between the small vascular bundles. Interestingly, we found that WL1 negatively regulated the expression of a narrow leaf gene, NARROW LEAF 1 (NAL1), by recruiting the co-repressor TOPLESS-RELATED PROTEIN and directly binding to the NAL1 regulatory region to inhibit its expression by reducing the chromatin histone acetylation. Furthermore, biochemical and genetic analyses revealed that TAD1, WL1, and NAL1 operated in a common pathway to control the leaf width. Our study establishes an important framework for understanding the APC/CTAD1-WL1-NAL1 pathway-mediated control of leaf width in rice, and provides insights for improving crop plant architecture.
“Split-day syndrome”, a patient with frontotemporal dementia who lives two days in the span of one: a case report and review of articles

ABSTRACT Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is among the most prevalent causes of young-onset dementia . Along with the frontotemporal and striate atrophy, dopamine dysregulation is also present in FTD. The dopamine system controls mechanisms of time perception. Its depletion can cause miscalculations in the perception of time. We present a 72-year-old man with a unique profile of disorientation in time, such that he split each day into two, 12-h intervals. Although through each 12-h period, he went by his daily activities as if a complete day had passed, e.g., he had two sets of breakfast, lunch, and dinner , hence the designated “split-day syndrome. ”
An Updated View of the Roles of p53 in Embryonic Stem Cells.

The TP53 gene is unarguably one of the most studied human genes. Its encoded protein, p53, is a tumor suppressor and is often called the "guardian of the genome" due to its pivotal role in maintaining genome stability. Historically, most studies of p53 have focused on its roles in somatic cells and tissues, but in the last two decades, its functions in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells have attracted increasing attention. Recent studies have identified p53 as a critical regulator of pluripotency, self-renewal, differentiation, proliferation, and genome stability in mouse and human embryonic stem cells. In this article, we systematically review the studies on the functions of p53 in ESCs, provide an updated overview, attempt to reconcile controversial results described in the literature, and discuss the relevance of these cellular functions of p53 to its roles in tumor suppression.
Novel insights into the pathogenic impact of diabetes on the gastrointestinal tract

Type 2 and type 1 diabetes are common endocrine disorders with a progressively increasing incidence worldwide. These chronic, systemic diseases have multiorgan implications, and the whole gastrointestinal (GI) tract represents a frequent target in terms of symptom appearance and interdependent pathophysiological mechanisms. Metabolic alterations linked with diabetic complications, neuropathy and disrupted hormone homeostasis can lead to upper and/or lower GI symptoms in up to 75% of diabetic patients, with multifactorial involvement of the oesophagus, stomach, upper and lower intestine, and of the gallbladder. On the other hand, altered gastrointestinal motility and/or secretions are able to affect glucose and lipid homeostasis in the short and long term. Finally, diabetes has been linked with increased cancer risk at different levels of the GI tract. The presence of GI symptoms and a comprehensive assessment of GI function should be carefully considered in the management of diabetic patients to avoid further complications and to ameliorate the quality of life. Additionally, the presence of gastrointestinal dysfunction should be adequately managed to improve metabolic homeostasis, the efficacy of antidiabetic treatments and secondary prevention strategies.
From qualitative data to correlation using deep generative networks: Demonstrating the relation of nuclear position with the arrangement of actin filaments

The cell nucleus is a dynamic structure that changes locales during cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, or migration, and its mispositioning is a hallmark of several disorders. As with most mechanobiological activities of adherent cells, the repositioning and anchoring of the nucleus are presumed to be associated with the organization of the cytoskeleton, the network of protein filaments providing structural integrity to the cells. However, demonstrating this correlation between cytoskeleton organization and nuclear position requires the parameterization of the extraordinarily intricate cytoskeletal fiber arrangements. Here, we show that this parameterization and demonstration can be achieved outside the limits of human conceptualization, using generative network and raw microscope images, relying on machine-driven interpretation and selection of parameterizable features. The developed transformer-based architecture was able to generate high-quality, completed images of more than 8,000 cells, using only information on actin filaments, predicting the presence of a nucleus and its exact localization in more than 70 per cent of instances. Our results demonstrate one of the most basic principles of mechanobiology with a remarkable level of significance. They also highlight the role of deep learning as a powerful tool in biology beyond data augmentation and analysis, capable of interpreting—unconstrained by the principles of human reasoning—complex biological systems from qualitative data.