Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Updatable, Accurate, Diverse, and Scalable Recommendations for Interactive Applications

Recommender systems form the backbone of many interactive systems. They incorporate user feedback to personalize the user experience typically via personalized recommendation lists. As users interact with a system, an increasing amount of data about a user’s preferences becomes available, which can be leveraged for improving the systems’ performance. Incorporating these new data into the underlying recommendation model is, however, not always straightforward. Many models used by recommender systems are computationally expensive and, therefore, have to perform offline computations to compile the recommendation lists. For interactive applications, it is desirable to be able to update the computed values as soon as new user interaction data is available: updating recommendations in interactive time using new feedback data leads to better accuracy and increases the attraction of the system to the users. Additionally, there is a growing consensus that accuracy alone is not enough and user satisfaction is also dependent on diverse recommendations. In this work, we tackle this problem of updating personalized recommendation lists for interactive applications in order to provide both accurate and diverse recommendations. To that end, we explore algorithms that exploit random walks as a sampling technique to obtain diverse recommendations without compromising on efficiency and accuracy. Specifically, we present a novel graph vertex ranking recommendation algorithm called RP3β that reranks items based on three-hop random walk transition probabilities. We show empirically that RP3β provides accurate recommendations with high long-tail item frequency at the top of the recommendation list. We also present approximate versions of RP3β and the two most accurate previously published vertex ranking algorithms based on random walk transition probabilities and show that these approximations converge with an increasing number of samples. To obtain interactively updatable recommendations, we additionally show how our algorithm can be extended for online updates at interactive speeds. The underlying random walk sampling technique makes it possible to perform the updates without having to recompute the values for the entire dataset. In an empirical evaluation with three real-world datasets, we show that RP3β provides highly accurate and diverse recommendations that can easily be updated with newly gathered information at interactive speeds (≪ 100ms).
Love and Commitment.

Then she said to him, "How can you say, 'I love you,' when you won't confide in me? This is the third time you have made a fool of me and haven't told me the secret of your great strength. " With such nagging she prodded him day after day until he was tired to death. So he told her everything. "No razor has ever been used on my head," he said, "because I have been a Nazirite set apart to God since birth. If my head were shaved, my strength would leave me, and I would become as weak as any other man. " When Delilah saw that he had told her everything, she sent word to the rulers of the Philistines, "Come back once more; he has told me everything. " So the rulers of the Philistines returned with the silver in their hands. Having put him to sleep on her lap, she called a man to shave off the seven braids of his hair, and so began to subdue him. And his strength left him. Then she called, "Samson, the Philistines are upon you! " He awoke from his sleep and thought, "I'll go out as before and shake myself free. " But he did not know that the LORD had left him. Then the Philistines seized him, gouged out his eyes and took him down to Gaza. Binding him with bronze shackles, they set him to grinding in the prison. But the hair on his head began to grow again after it had been shaved. Now the rulers of the Philistines assembled to offer a great sacrifice to Dagon their god and to celebrate, saying, "Our god has delivered Samson, our enemy, into our hands. " When the people saw him, they praised their god, saying, "Our god has delivered our enemy into our hands, the one who laid waste our land and multiplied our slain. " While they were in high spirits, they shouted, "Bring out Samson to entertain us. " So they called Samson out of the prison, and he performed for them. When they stood him among the pillars, Samson said to the servant who held his hand, "Put me where I can feel the pillars that support the temple, so that I may lean against them. " Now the temple was crowded with men and women; all the rulers of the Philistines were there, and on the roof were about three thousand men and women watching Samson perform. Then Samson prayed to the LORD, "O Sovereign LORD,
Th17 cells give rise to Th1 cells that are required for the pathogenesis of colitis

Significance The Th17 subset of CD4+ T cells are important in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the mechanisms of their actions, particularly the role of the development of IFN-γ–producing progeny of Th17 cells (Th1-like cells), are incompletely understood. Here, we show in a mouse model of Th17-driven IBD that transition of Th17 precursors to Th1-like cells is absolutely required for disease, because Th17 cells deficient in IFN-γ fail to induce intestinal inflammation. This transition is dependent on the transcription factors T-bet and, to a lesser extent, Stat4. These findings are relevant for clinical strategies that target IBD and suggest that focusing on both the Th17 and Th1-like arms of disease may be beneficial in therapy design. Th17 cells reactive to the enteric microbiota are central to the pathogenesis of certain types of inflammatory bowel disease. However, Th17 cells display substantial developmental plasticity, such that some progeny of Th17 cell precursors retain a predominantly IL-17A+ phenotype, whereas others extinguish IL-17 expression and acquire expression of IFN-γ, giving rise to “Th1-like” cells. It remains unclear what role these subsets play in inflammatory bowel disease. Using a Th17 transfer model of colitis, we found that IFN-γ–deficient Th17 cells retained an IL-17A+ phenotype and were unable to induce colitis in recipients. Development of disease required the transition of a subset of Th17 precursors to Th1-like cells and was contingent on the expression of both Stat4 and T-bet, but not the IL-12 or IFN-γ receptors. Moreover, Th17 cells could provide “help” for the development of pathogenic Th1 cells from naïve precursors. These results indicate that Th17 cells are potent mediators of colitis pathogenesis by dual mechanisms: by directly transitioning to Th1-like cells and by supporting the development of classic Th1 cells.
Linking value, confirmation and satisfaction to predict behavioural intention : examining alternative models in a service environment

xii CHAPTER ONE . 1 RESEARCH OVERVIEW . 1 1.1 Background of the Research . 1 1.2 Research Objectives . 3 1.3 Research Questions . 4 1.4 Research Scope and Context. 4 1.5 Research Methodology . 6 1.6 Research Contributions . 6 1.7 Outline of the Thesis Structure . 7 CHAPTER TWO . 9 LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE CONTEXTUAL DOMAIN . 9 2.1 Chapter Overview . 9 2.2 Significance of Services Sector . 9 2.3 Reasons for Choosing Australia as the Context of Study . 10 2.4 Rationale for Selecting Restaurant Services Sector in Australia . 11 2.5 Impact of Situations in the Restaurant Setting . 17 2.6 Summary and Research Opportunities . 20 CHAPTER THREE . 22 LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE THEORETICAL DOMAIN . 22 3.1 Chapter Overview . 22 3.2 Theoretical Background on Expectation–Confirmation Theory (ECT) . 22 3.3 Theoretical Background on the Construct of ‘Personal Values’ . 25 3.4 Theoretical Background on the Construct of ‘Perceived Value’ . 30 3.4.1 The uni-dimensional nature of perceived value . 31 v 3.4.2 The multi-dimensional nature of perceived value . 34 3.4.2.1 Theory of Consumption Values . 36 3.4.2.2 Holbrook’s typology of perceived value . 39 3.5 Differences between Personal Values and Perceived Value . 41 3.6 Definition of the Construct of ‘Customer Satisfaction’ . 41 3.7 Explanation of the Construct of ‘Service Quality’ . 43 3.8 Definition of the Construct of ‘Behavioural Intention’ . 44 3.9 Relationship among Service Quality, Value, Customer Satisfaction and Behavioural Intention . 44 3.10 Summary . 49 CHAPTER FOUR . 50 THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE ALTERNATE MODELS . 50 4.1 Chapter Overview . 50 4.2 Discussion of Alternate Model 1 with Theoretical Background . 50 4.3 Discussion of Alternate Model 2 with Theoretical Background . 53 4.4 Similarities and Dissimilarities between Alternate Model 1 and Alternate Model 2 . 56 4.5 Theoretical Justification of the Proposed Integrated Value-based Model . 56 4.5.1 Conceptualizing a new facet of the perceived value construct . 57 4.5.2 Link between personal values and perceived value . 59 4.5.3 Link between personal values and outcome construct . 62 4.5.4 The impact of confirmation . 63 4.5.5 The relationship among perceived value, satisfaction and intention . 63 4.6 Summary and Research Opportunities . 64 CHAPTER FIVE . 67 LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE METHODOLOGICAL DOMAIN . 67 5.1 Chapter Overview . 67 5.2 Theoretical Background on Best–Worst Scaling Method . 67 5.3 Measuring ‘Perceived Value’ with Best–Worst Scaling Method and Applying in SEM . 71 5.4 Ipsative Data Problem . 72 5.5 Summary and Research Opportunities . 75 CHAPTER SIX . 77 RESEARCH METHOD . 77 6.1 Chapter Overview . 77 6.2 Justification for the Research Design . 77
Experimental evidence that short-range intermolecular aggregation is sufficient for efficient charge transport in conjugated polymers

Significance Understanding the nature of charge transport and its limitations has guided the rational design of organic semiconductors. Research has mainly focused on increasing the crystallinity of conjugated polymers as a strategy to improve the long-range charge transport properties. Here, we demonstrate that local aggregation over very few chains is a sufficient mesoscopic structure to ensure high mobility, with charge transport mainly occurring along the polymer backbones, and that extended crystallinity is not necessary. These results provide an explanation for the high mobilities observed in seemingly disordered polymers and set molecular-design guidelines for next-generation conjugated polymers. Efficiency, current throughput, and speed of electronic devices are to a great extent dictated by charge carrier mobility. The classic approach to impart high carrier mobility to polymeric semiconductors has often relied on the assumption that extensive order and crystallinity are needed. Recently, however, this assumption has been challenged, because high mobility has been reported for semiconducting polymers that exhibit a surprisingly low degree of order. Here, we show that semiconducting polymers can be confined into weakly ordered fibers within an inert polymer matrix without affecting their charge transport properties. In these conditions, the semiconducting polymer chains are inhibited from attaining long-range order in the π-stacking or alkyl-stacking directions, as demonstrated from the absence of significant X-ray diffraction intensity corresponding to these crystallographic directions, yet still remain extended along the backbone direction and aggregate on a local length scale. As a result, the polymer films maintain high mobility even at very low concentrations. Our findings provide a simple picture that clarifies the role of local order and connectivity of domains.
Acoustic properties of English fricatives

A fundamental issue in speech research concerns whether distinctions in terms of place of articulation are more succesfully captured by local (static) or global (and/or dynamic) properties of the speech signal. While most studies of place of articulation have investigated stop consonants, it is uncertain whether these properties can successfully classify fricatives. In the present study, both static and dynamic metrics were used to investigate place of articulation in fricatives. Static metrics include spectral peak location, noise duration, and noise amplitude; dynamic metrics include relative amplitude, locus equations, and spectral moments. Twenty speakers produced the fricatives /f, v, θ, ð, s, z, ∫, ȝ/ followed by the vowels /i, e, ae, ɑ, o, u/. Preliminary results based on ANOVA and discriminant analysis suggest that all metrics could distinguish nonsibilant /f, v, θ, ð/ from sibilant /s, z, ∫, ȝ/. In addition, spectral moments separated /s, z/ from /∫, ȝ/ with about 95% accuracy and /f, v/ from /θ, ð/ with about 65% accuracy while locus equations only served to separate labiodental /f, v/ from all other fricatives. Accuracy of the metrics will also be compared to human perception data. [Work supported by NIH. ]
‘Who will fit in with whom?’ Inclusive education struggles for students with dis/abilities

ABSTRACT Inclusive education (IE), as a global movement, has been part of many nations’ policy agendas. As the global ideas travel across borders, the meaning of this term has taken various forms in local and national discourses. Thus, this study examines teachers’ conceptualizations and experiences of IE for students with dis/abilities (SwDs) in Turkey. SwDs are one of the largest groups who are marginalised and excluded from accessing education and participating in meaningful learning experiences. Cultural historical activity theory was used to understand the teachers’ meaning-making of IE in relation to their context. This qualitative study was conducted in four schools in a southwestern city in Turkey. Applying a photo elicitation approach, a classroom photo with a hypothetical vignette was used as a stimulus to generate focus group discussions and individual interviews. Classroom observations and document collections guided the exploration of SwDs’ experiences and the context of their schooling. Using constant-comparative data analysis, two themes were identified: ‘Who is in? Who is out? Challenges to access,’ and ‘What happens after placement? ’ The findings revealed that SwDs had justice struggles in regard to misdistribution of access, misrecognition of their abilities and backgrounds, misrepresentation of their voices, and participation in learning activities.
Regarding Hannah Arendt’s valuable contribution to occupational science: Some tensions with her approach to philosophy, politics and science

ABSTRACT Jansson and Wagman’s (2017) article in the Journal of Occupational Science introduced Hannah Arendt’s vita activa as making a valuable contribution to occupational science. The present paper explores a variety of tensions with her philosophically inspired view, offering further considerations in relation to its contribution to occupational science. It is argued that the vita activa is not a stand-alone concept. Rather, it is richly textured and underpinned by Arendt’s own explorations of the vita contemplativa, as well as the theme of love with which she began her philosophical and political career. Arendt (1958/1998) made an explicit effort to overcome the historical split between activity and thought that runs through Western intellectual tradition, seeking to unite them in a single project: “to think what we are doing” (p. 5). Elsewhere, Arendt explored the possibility that there is a peculiar kind of evil that is rooted in thoughtlessness. Hence it is necessary to regard thinking as the primary aim in all her works. This is the point of origin of a number of tensions to be explored in relation to claims concerning her contribution to occupational science. In particular, although it is always an individual who thinks, recent studies undertaken in occupational science have an increasing tendency to disregard individual perspectives, labelling them ‘insufficient’. Yet insufficiency abounds. Occupational science’s evident incapacity to give answers to the question ‘who am I? ’, its fumbling in the dark over the relation of self and world, and its inadequacy over questions of love and moral judgement, are concerns that are central to Arendt’s own critique of science in general. What contribution then can Arendt’s thought make towards integrating such concerns with occupational science; or even if this is not possible in occupational science qua science, what may be her contribution in philosophical discussions surrounding it?
Growing Cooler: The Evidence on Urban Development and Climate Change

crafting this text. The reference sections that close each chapter are extensive and include all the key works, which are deftly integrated in a text that is generally easy to read, promoting the authors’ concern with communicating information clearly to the broadest possible audience of students, scholars, practitioners, and policymakers. The authors are also clearly committed to providing the most current information possible to their readers. They include upto-date guidance on all aspects of transportation system evaluation, and they maintain a website that serves as a repository for new techniques and methods for after the book hits store shelves. The result of their efforts is a book that is a very useful reference for transportation decision making. The shortcoming of the book is a function of the breadth of its coverage. The discussion of most topics is superficial, particularly in the discussions of land use impacts and visual impacts, where a rich, often contentious literature is distilled too far into a handful of tables and a checklist. The discussion of multiple criteria evaluation is a valuable part of the text, as many practitioners struggle to account for the complexity of real-world decisions with their diversity of stakeholders and objectives; however, this chapter, too, suffers some from the somewhat truncated discussion provided by the authors; they focus too much on the mathematical processes followed after goals and objectives have been formulated and not enough on the negotiation that preceded the formulation. Still, the breadth of topical coverage is quite impressive, as too few transportation texts attempt to fill the role that Transportation Decision Making seeks to fill. It is also very reader friendly in terms of organization and presentation and would be a worthwhile addition to the libraries of transportation practitioners and policymakers and a useful addition to university courses in transportation analysis and policy evaluation.
Law, Finance, Economic Growth and Welfare: Why Does Legal Origin Matter?

This paper proposes and empirically validates four theories of why legal origin influences growth and welfare through finance. It is a natural extension of “Law and finance: why does legal origin matter? ” by Thorsten Beck, Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Ross Levine (2003). We find only partial support for the Mundell (1972), La Porta et al. (1998) and Beck et al. (2003) hypotheses that English common-law countries tend to have better developed financial intermediaries than French civil-law countries. While countries with English legal tradition have legal systems that improve financial depth, activity and size, countries with French legal origin overwhelmingly dominate in financial intermediary allocation efficiency. Countries with Portuguese legal origin fall in-between.
Influence of human haptoglobin polymorphism on oxidative stress induced by free hemoglobin on red blood cells

Abstract Background: An in vitro study was conducted to determine whether haptoglobin phenotypes differed in their protective effect against oxidative stress induced by extracellular hemoglobin on red blood cells. Methods: Conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were determined in human red blood cell membranes in the presence of hemoglobin and various concentrations of each type of purified haptoglobin. In addition, the release of K+ and lactate dehydrogenase from red blood cells was measured. Results: A protective effect of haptoglobin was observed in terms of results obtained for the four parameters examined, with significant differences (p<0.001) between the three haptoglobin types; type 1-1 was the most active and type 2-2 the least active. A proportion of oxidative damage was not sensitive to haptoglobin, but to desferrioxamine (an iron chelator), indicating the participation of two actors, hemoglobin and free iron, in the oxidative stress of membrane lipids. Conclusions: The antioxidant role of haptoglobin and the phenotype dependence were confirmed for preventing possible oxidative damage induced by free hemoglobin and iron release during its catabolism.
Stochastic Best-Effort Strategies for Borel Goals

We study reactive systems with Borel goals operating in a possibly non-Markovian stochastic environment. Moreover, the specific environment is not known, only its support is, i.e., at each step one knows which transitions are possible and which are impossible, but the probability distribution amongst the possible transitions is unknown. We consider system strategies that are maximal in the dominance order, i.e., no other strategy achieves the goal with at least the same probability in all environments, and with a higher probability in some environment. We call such strategies "stochastic best-effort". We prove the very general result that stochastic best-effort strategies exist for any Borel goal. We do this by providing local characterizations in terms of a three-valued abstraction of the probability of achieving the goal at a history. The correctness of the characterization is shown using a version of the Lebesgue Density Theorem from geometric measure theory. On the more practical side, we consider goals given in linear temporal logic. We establish the computational complexity of synthesizing a stochastic best-effort strategy, and show that it is not harder than synthesizing an optimal strategy in a domain with fixed known probabilities.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HLA-DRB1 ALLELES AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND TREATMENT RESPONSE.

Maha r. Abd el-wahed , abeer a. Shehab, heba a. Selim 3, mona e. Hashem 1 and dina g. Abd el-hamed. 1. Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University. 2. Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University. 3. Departments of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Body-Wave Magnitude mb Is a Good Proxy of Moment Magnitude Mw for Small Earthquakes (mb<4.5-5.0)

Body‐wave magnitude m b is usually considered a poor proxy of moment magnitude M w because it saturates for moderate and large earthquakes ( M w>5.5–6) and generally shows a poor correlation with M w. On the other hand, the observed distribution of data at the global scale also seems to indicate an inverse saturation at low magnitudes ( M w<4.5–5.0) in which M w appears to be almost uncorrelated with m b. We show here that the latter is an artifact of the incompleteness of the global M w datasets for M w<4.5–5.0 and that disappears considering lower M w estimates available from regional centroid moment tensor (CMT) catalogs and/or using general orthogonal regression methods. In these cases we show that m b well corresponds to M w<4.5–5.0 and hence can confidently be used for approximating the M w of small earthquakes. Conversion relations between the band‐limited short‐period body‐wave magnitude m b (Gutenberg and Richter, 1956) and moment magnitude M w (Hanks and Kanamori, 1979) have been obtained in the past by several authors using ordinary least‐squares (OLS) regression methods (e.g., Heaton et al. , 1986; Johnston, 1996; Scordilis, 2006). Such a computational approach, however, is inappropriate when the error in the independent variable (predictor) is not negligible compared with that of the dependent variable (response). Castellaro et al. (2006) have shown that the use of OLS in conversion relations produces a bias of the frequency–magnitude distribution law (Gutenberg and Richter, 1944), which can be avoided using the general orthogonal regression (GOR) method described by Fuller (1987). The latter method has been used in numerous studies of this type, both at the global and regional scale (Ristau, 2009; Wang et al. , 2009; Deniz and Yucemen, 2010; Das et al. , 2011, …