Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of climate and ecology of Skagit Valley, Washington, from 27.7 to 19.8 ka based on plant and beetle macrofossils

Abstract Glacial lake sediments exposed at two sites in Skagit Valley, Washington, encase abundant macrofossils dating from 27.7 to 19.8 cal ka BP. At the last glacial maximum (LGM) most of the valley floor was part of a regionally extensive arid boreal (subalpine) forest that periodically included montane and temperate trees and open boreal species such as dwarf birch, northern spikemoss, and heath. We used the modern distribution and climate of 14 species in 12 macrofossil assemblages and a probability density function approach to reconstruct the LGM climate. Median annual precipitation (MAP) at glacial Lake Concrete (GLC) was ~50% lower than today. In comparison, MAP at glacial Lake Skymo (GLS) was only ~10% lower, which eliminated the steep climate gradient observed today. Median January air temperature at GLC was up to 10.8°C lower than today at 23.5 cal ka BP and 8.7°C lower at GLS at 25.1 cal ka BP. Median July air temperature declines were smaller at GLC (3.4°C–5.0°C) and GLS (4.2°C–6.3°C). Warmer winters (+2°C to +4°C) and increases in MAP (+200 mm) occurred at 27.7, 25.9, 24.4, and 21.2–20.7 cal ka BP. These changes accord with other regional proxies and Dansgaard–Oeschger interstades in the North Atlantic.
Review and Classification of MTPA Control Algorithms for Synchronous Motors

This article discusses the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control of synchronous motors, which have become an indispensable part of highly efficient motor drives. It explains the nature of torque produced by synchronous motors, ways to find its maximum and algorithms to operate at this point, despite changes of loads and motor parameter variations. The authors propose a classification of the MTPA methods, based on the features of each algorithm or group of similar methods. They demonstrate the conventional control scheme and discuss the modifications necessary for the implementation of each method. This article reviews existing MTPA control algorithms, discusses their pros and cons, and suggests possible areas of usage for each group of methods. The authors of the article share their vast experience in the industry and research aspects, which were obtained by developing industrial, commercial, traction, and military drives, and report on their views on the perspective of each method taken into consideration.
Enhancement of the Electrocatalytic Activity of Thienyl‐Substituted Iron Porphyrin Electropolymers by a Hangman Effect

The thiophene‐modified iron porphyrin FeT3ThP and the respective iron Hangman porphyrin FeH3ThP, incorporating a carboxylic acid hanging group in the second coordination sphere of the iron center, were electropolymerized on glassy carbon electrodes using 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) as co‐monomer. Scanning electron microscopy images and Resonance Raman spectra demonstrated incorporation of the porphyrin monomers into a fibrous polymer network. Porphyrin/polyEDOT films catalyzed the reduction of molecular oxygen in a four‐electron reaction to water with onset potentials as high as +0.14 V vs. Ag/AgCl in an aqueous solution of pH 7. Further, FeT3ThP/polyEDOT films showed electrocatalytic activity towards reduction of hydrogen peroxide at highly positive potentials, which was significantly enhanced by introduction of the carboxylic acid hanging group in FeH3ThP. The second coordination sphere residue promotes formation of a highly oxidizing reaction intermediate, presumably via advantageous proton supply, as observed for peroxidases and catalases making FeH3ThP/polyEDOT films efficient mimics of heme enzymes.
The Roles of Initial Mathematics, Reading, and Cognitive Skills in Subsequent Mathematics Performance: A Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modeling Approach

In the present meta-analysis, we systematically investigated the relative contributions of students’ initial mathematics, reading, and cognitive skills on subsequent mathematics performance measured at least 3 months later. With one-stage meta-analytic structural equation modeling, we conducted analyses based on 580,437 students from 265 independent samples and 250 studies. Findings suggested fluency in both mathematics and reading, as well as working memory, yielded greater impacts on subsequent mathematics performance. Age emerged as a significant moderator in the model, such that the effects of comprehensive mathematics and working memory on subsequent mathematics increased with age, whereas attention and self-regulation’s impacts declined with age. Time lag between assessments also emerged as a significant moderator, such that the effects of word-problem solving and word recognition accuracy decreased as the time lag increased, whereas vocabulary, attention, and self-regulation’s effects increased as the time lag increased.
Chemical and pharmacological characterization of hypolipidemic compound from Cajanus Cajan BJP

ed/indexed in Academic Search Complete, Agroforestry Abstracts, Asia Journals Online, Bangladesh Journals Online, Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts, Current Abstracts, Directory of Open Access Journals, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica, Google Scholar, HINARI (WHO), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Open J-gate, Science Citation Index Expanded and Social Sciences Citation Index
EFFECT OF CHITOSAN COATING ENRICHED WITH CUMIN (CUMINUM CYMINUM L.) ESSENTIAL OIL ON THE QUALITY OF REFRIGERATED TURKEY BREAST MEAT

A solution containing 2% chitosan, 1% cumin seeds' essential oils and 1% acetic acid was applied for the coating preparation. In all of the treatments the total viable counts and applied psychrophilic bacteria decreased significantly compared to the control through the storage time. The pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), peroxide value (PV) and sensory attributes in all the treatments were significantly detected lower than the same parameters of the controls. The results of our investigation revealed that chitosan+cumin and ascorbic acid retarded spoilage and oxidative changes in refrigerated turkey breast meat.
Influence of Closeness Between Languages on L2 Acquisition Through Language Transfer

This study examines how the closeness between first language and second language affects second language acquisition, in terms of writing systems. The researchers analyzed the influence by asking experiment participants to write down characters of a second language (Japanese and Korean) at first exposure, noted the accuracy rate and recorded ways of errors of the characters. Despite being hypothized to have a lower accuracy rate due to negative transfer from L1, Japanese had a higher accuracy rate as the impact of positive transfer exceeded that of negative transfer in this study; besides the accuracy rate, through analysis of patterns of writings, the study has shown the importance of transferring phenomena in SLA, as the participants were found actively making connections to their first language.
Correlation between Strength of Motivation and Academic Performance among Dental Students of University College of Medicine and Dentistry (UCMD), Lahore

Introduction: Student motivation plays a vital role in how well they perform academically. It is particularly important in dental students due to intense studies and tiring clinical duties. Research has been done to find out the relationship of qualitative and quantitative motivation with academic performance, but with contradictory results. Objective: To find the correlation between strength of motivation and academic performance among dental students of University College of Medicine and Dentistry (UCMD). Method: A correlational research design was applied. The strength of motivation was calculated using the SMMS-R questionnaire. The questionnaire was sent on WhatsApp to the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and final year students. One hundred and forty-four responses were recorded. Out of these, 4 students did not allow to access their results, thus they were excluded from the study. For the rest of the 140 students, their academic scores of Combined Block Assessment 1 (CBA-1) were provided by the administration department. Data analysis were done using the SPSS 25. Results: Strength of motivation and academic performance showed a positive relationship; Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) was 0.6 with a p-value of 0.01. With an increase in strength of motivation, academic performance also increased. Conclusion: A positive relationship was found between the students’ strength of motivation, and their academic performance as calculated by the SMMS-R questionnaire.
Accepted Manuscript Oral Corticosteroid Exposure and Adverse Effects in Asthma

250 of 250 words) 24 Background: Significant adverse effects (AEs) have been associ ated with continuous exposure 25 to oral corticosteroids (OCS). The potential associ ation with intermittent exposure is unknown. 26 Objective: Assess the association between OCS and AEs based o n the number of OCS 27 prescriptions. 28 Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of asthma pa tients ≥ 18 years in the 2000-2014 29 MarketScan® dataset. Propensity Score Matching was used at baseline (12 months prior to index 30 date: first OCS use). Logistic regression was used to examine the association between OCS and 31 new-incident AEs (either combined or individual) co ntr lling for covariates. Follow-up 32 continued for 24 months minimum and 10 years maximu m after index. 33 Results: There were 72,063 and 156,373 individuals in the O CS and no OCS cohorts, 34 respectively. Individuals taking ≥ 4 OCS (1-3) prescriptions within the year had 1.29 (1.04) 35 times the odds of experiencing a new AE within the year. Each year of exposure to ≥ 4 OCS 36 prescriptions (current and past) resulted in 1.20 t imes the odds of developing an AE in the 37 current year. Exposure to ≥ four prescriptions was associated with significant ly greater odds of 38 AEs for: osteoporosis, hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, gastrointestinal ulcers/bleeds, 39 fractures and cataracts (odds 1.21 – 1.44 depending on the AE). 40 Conclusion: While previous research has documented the deleter ious effect of continuous OCS 41 exposure in severe asthma, our results suggest that each OCS prescription may result in a 42 cumulative burden on current and future health, reg ardless of dose and duration. OCS sparing 43 strategies are extremely important to improving pat ient outcomes. 44
Inorganic molecule (O2, NO) adsorption on nitrogen- and phosphorus-doped MoS2 monolayer using first principle calculations

We performed a systematic study of the adsorption behaviors of O2 and NO gas molecules on pristine MoS2, N-doped, and P-doped MoS2 monolayers via first principle calculations. Our adsorption energy calculations and charge analysis showed that the interactions between the NO and O2 molecules and P–MoS2 system are stronger than that of pristine and N–MoS2. The spin of the absorbed molecule couples differently depending on the type of gas molecule adsorbed on the P- and N-substituted MoS2 monolayer. Meanwhile, the adsorption of O2 molecules leaves N- and P–MoS2 a magnetic semiconductor, whereas the adsorption of an NO molecule turns this system into a nonmagnetic semiconductor, which may provide some helpful information for designing new N- and P-substituted MoS2-based nanoelectronic devices. Therefore, P- and N–MoS2 can be used to distinguish O2 and NO gases using magnetic properties, and P–MoS2-based gas sensors are predicted to be more sensitive to detect NO molecules rather than pristine and N–MoS2 systems.
Optimal variable support size for mesh-free approaches using genetic algorithm

The main difficulty of the meshless methods is related to the support of shape functions. These methods become stable when sufficiently large support is used. Rather larger support size leads to higher calculation costs and greatly degraded quality. The continuous adjustment of the support size to approximate the shape functions during the simulation can avoid this problem, but the choice of the support size relative to the local density is not a trivial problem. In the present work, we deal with finding a reasonable size of influence domain by using a genetic algorithm coupled with high order mesh-free algorithms which the optimal value depends on the accuracy and stability of the results. The proposed strategy provides guarantees about the growth of approximation errors, monitor the level of error, and adapt the evaluation strategy to reach the required level of accuracy. This allows the adaptation of the proposed algorithm with problem complexity. This new strategy in meshless approaches are tested on some examples of structural analysis.
Beyond Copper in CO2 Electrolysis: Effective Hydrocarbon Production on Silver-Nanofoam Catalysts

Ag-foam catalysts have been developed for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (ec-CO2RR) based on a concerted additive- and template-assisted metal-deposition process. In aqueous media (CO2-saturated 0.5 M KHCO3 electrolyte), these Ag foams show high activity and selectivity toward CO production at low and moderate over-potentials. Faradaic efficiencies for CO (FECO) never fell below 90% within an extremely broad potential window of ∼900 mV, starting at −0.3 V and reaching up to −1.2 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). An increased adsorption energy of CO on the Ag foam is discussed as the origin of the efficient suppression of the competing hydrogen-evolution reaction (HER) in this potential range. At potentials of <−1.1 V versus RHE, the FEH2 values significantly increase at the expense of FECO. Superimposed on this anti-correlated change in the CO and H2 efficiencies is the rise in the CH4 efficiency to the maximum of FECH4 = 51% at −1.5 V versus RHE. As a minor byproduct, even C–C-c.
Protective effect of swimming and genistein on the expression of microRNA 132, insulin growth factor 1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genes, as well as spatial memory, in the hippocampus of diabetic ovariectomized rats

Background and Objective: The present study aimed to assess the effects of the combined use of exercise and genistein on the hippocampal expression of microRNA-132, IGF-1, and BDNF in type 2 diabetic ovariectomized rats. Materials and Methods: Wistar female rats in the weight range of 180-220 gr (n=10) were assigned to six groups: sham, ovariectomy, ovariectomized diabetic, ovariectomized diabetic treated with genistein for eight weeks, diabetic ovariectomized treated with swimming for eight weeks, and a group that was treated with both genistein and swimming for eight weeks. The effect of those treatments was assessed by the determination of microRNA-132, insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression levels within the hippocampus. These genes were evaluated by real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and spatial memory was assessed by the Morris water maze. Results: Ovariectomy demonstrated a decrease in the expression of microRNA-132, IGF-1, and BDNF in the hippocampus, as well as spatial memory, in diabetic ovariectomized rats, which showed a greater reduction in the expression of those genes in rats (P<0.05). Nevertheless, genistein administration, swimming training, and a combination of them significantly up-regulated microRNA-132, BDNF, and IGF-1 expression, as well as spatial memory (P<0.05). Conclusions: As evidenced by the obtained results, the combined use of genistein and swimming could prevent estrogen deficiency effects in the hippocampus of ovariectomized diabetic rats
Interpretable Deep Learning Using Multimodal Graph Convolutional Network for Predicting Compound-Protein Interactions

the contribution of each atom in small molecules and each residue in proteins to the prediction results. As a result of visualization with our model, it is suggested that the prediction results are obtained by capturing the features of chemical structures of small molecules and protein sequences. This indicates that when screening hit compounds using Deep Learning-based CPI prediction models, biological reliability of the prediction results needs to be carefully considered.
Bio-ethylene Production: from Reaction Kinetics to Plant Scale

Ethylene production from renewable bio-ethanol has been recently proposed as sustainable alternative to fossil sources. The possibility to exploit diluted bioethanol as less expensive feedstock was studied both experimentally, using different catalysts at lab-level, and through preliminary process design. In this work, a full-scale plant simulation is presented, built on a detailed reaction kinetics. Rate equations for the primary and side reactions are revised and implemented with a process simulation package, using a range of thermodynamic methods as best suited to the different process stages. The catalyst loading within the reactor can be effectively distributed according to the underlying kinetic, and the overall plant layout let foresee the best routes for the material recycles. The detailed reaction modeling and the choice of the thermodynamic models are essential to obtain reliable predictions. Setting a target yield of 10 t/year of polymer-grade ethylene, the reactive section must be fed with 76 t/h of diluted ethanol and operated at 400 °C. 85% of the fed carbon mass is found as ethylene, 12% remains as ethanol and a 2% as longer olefins. Considering also the recycle of ethanol the carbon conversion and recovery increases to the value of 97.6%. The global ethylene recovery is 90.7%: most of the loss takes place in the last stage due to the non-condensable purification and to the adopted strategy of having low reflux ratio – and then a closed cryogenic balance – in the last purification column. Full heat integration of the process with upstream bioethanol production and purification sections allows process intensification and consistent energy savings. This newly designed process sets the sustainable ethylene production on a detailed and reassessed computational basis and has been assessed as for Capital and Operational Expenditures and Total Investment costs.
THE INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATION AND SELF- EFFICACY ON THE ENTREPRENEURIAL INTEREST OF STUDENTS OF SMKN 1 PURWAKARTA

One of stakeholders to create entrepreneurship in Indonesia is Vocational High Schools because these schools are focused on teaching about knowledge and skills that are needed by young generation because of demographic bonus faced by Indonesian government. Vocational High Schools or SMKN 1 Purwakarta in Purwakarta Regency is encouraged to create entrepreneurs from their students. Starting with curriculum, facilities and teachers with entrepreneurship competences are expected to be able to drive students interest to be an entrepreneur. Unfortunately, students interest are still law. Research question how are entrepreneurship education, Self Efficacy and entrepreneurial interest in students of SMKN 1 Purwakarta, how is the influence of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial interest in students of SMKN 1 Purwakarta, how is the influence of self-efficacy on the entrepreneurial interest of students of SMKN 1 Purwakarta. This research was conducted on 1510 students of SMKN 1 Purwakarta who had received entrepreneurship lessons. The research methodology used is quantitative research and descriptive and verification approaches with sample 94 respondents. Research shows entrepreneurship education is good which consists of three dimensions, namely curriculum, teaching staff, and facilities used in entrepreneurship learning. Educators get the highest response from students, followed by curriculum and facilities Self-efficacy is responded sufficient where magnitude dimension is the highest followed by strength and generality. Entrepreneurial Intention has response good by respondents with three dimensions are cognition, affective and conative. It indicates students have good intention to be an entrepreneur. Entrepreneurship education of students of SMKN 1 Purwakarta has an effect on the interest in entrepreneurship with a value of 6.272. This value is greater than the value of self-efficacy on interest in entrepreneurship, namely 3.058.
Facile Fabrication of Chitosan/Starch Composite Films with Fumed Silica as an Additive

Chitosan/cassava starch (CS/ST) composite films with different CS:ST (w/w) ratios were prepared by solution casting and investigated as a support for fumed silica (fSiO2) dispersion. The CS, as a 1% (w/v) solution in 1% (w/v) acetic acid, and gelatinized ST, as a 3% (w/v) solution in 1% (w/v) acetic acid, were mixed at the appropriate volume ratios with a homogenizer, and then fSiO2 at 1, 3, or 5% (w/w of CS) was added and cast as films. The morphology, tensile strength, contact angle, X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, and surface functional groups of the films were investigated. The external morphology of the CS/ST composite film revealed that the fSiO2 particles were homogeneously dispersed into the polymer matrix. The water absorption and surface hydrophobicity of the composite film increased with increasing ST or CS contents. The hydrophobic acetyl groups of CS caused a notable reduction in the wettability as well as the water adsorption ability, which are preferable for a packaging film application. The CS/ST film with a high fSiO2 content had a higher tensile strength due to the reinforcement effect of the fSiO2 nanoparticles. The XRD patterns of the CS/ST films revealed that the 2 of the crystalline region of CS were slightly changed when including the fSiO2. The shift in the ST diffraction peak was probably due to the change in its chain orientation caused by hydrogen-bonding interactions between CS and ST molecules, resulting in their good adhesion.
Preparation of novel Ni/Co co-doping Fe3O4/TiO2 core–shell nanocomposites and their use in effective photocatalytic degradation of Amlodipine drug.

ABSTRACT Ni/Co co-doping Fe3O4/TiO2 magnetic core–shell nanocomposites (wt% varied amount of dopants) have been prepared by sol-gel method at low temperature. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry studies have been made to investigate the crystalline structure, morphology and magnetic properties of these composites. The prepared Ni/Co co-doping Fe3O4/TiO2 nanocomposites exhibit high degree of crystallinity and suitable magnetic properties at room temperature. Their use has been made in effective photocatalytic degradation of Amlodipine a pharmaceutical contaminant under UV light irradiation at 365 nm. The results have shown that wt% amount of dopants, calcination time, calcination temperature and pH of the Amlodipine aqueous solution are important factors in degradation efficiency of Amlodipine. The optimal weight ratios of Ni and Co to Ti were 0.015%. The nanocomposites can be recovered from the aqueous system easily by using a magnet. Their photocatalytic degradation activity for Amlodipine drug remained 94.43% after five times of repetitive use.
Temporally Weighting Machine Learning Models for High-Impact Severe Hail Prediction

We explore a new method to improve machine-learning (ML) based severe hail predictions. A temporal weighting scheme allows the random forest models to increase importance of relevant feature data while maintaining general information about the problem domain from other feature data. We show that the weighting scheme improves forecast skill and forecaster rust. With a ﬂexible design, this method can produce localized forecasts under multiple different scenarios without increasing computational expense