Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elastic and thermal properties of free-standing molybdenum disulfide membranes measured using ultrafast transient grating spectroscopy

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), a member of transition-metal dichalcogenide family, is of intense interest due to its unique electronic and thermoelectric properties. However, reports of its in-plane thermal conductivity vary due to the difficulty of in-plane thermal conductivity measurements on thin films, and an experimental measurement of the in-plane sound velocity has not been reported. Here, we use time-resolved transient grating spectroscopy to simultaneously measure the in-plane elastic and thermal properties of free-standing MoS2 membranes at room temperature. We obtain a longitudinal acoustic phonon velocity of 7000 ± 40 m s−1 and an in-plane thermal conductivity of 74 ± 21 W m−1K−1. Our measurements provide useful insights into the elastic and thermal properties of MoS2 and demonstrate the capability of transient grating spectroscopy to investigate the in-plane vibrational properties of van der Waals materials that are challenging to characterize with conventional methods.
OCC: An Automated End-to-End Machine Learning Optimizing Compiler for Computing-In-Memory

Memristive devices promise an alternative approach toward non-Von Neumann architectures, where specific computational tasks are performed within the memory devices. In the machine learning (ML) domain, crossbar arrays of resistive devices have shown great promise for ML inference, as they allow for hardware acceleration of matrix multiplications. But, to enable widespread adoption of these novel architectures, it is critical to have an automatic compilation flow as opposed to relying on a manual mapping of specific kernels on the crossbar arrays. We demonstrate the programmability of memristor-based accelerators using the new compiler design principle of multilevel rewriting, where a hierarchy of abstractions lowers programs level-by-level and perform code transformations at the most suitable abstraction. In particular, we develop a prototype compiler, which progressively lowers a mathematical notation for tensor operations arising in ML workloads, to fixed-function memristor-based hardware blocks.
Projecting Climate Change Impact on the Regional Scale: Future Changes of Wind and Wind Energy in California

Unprecedented climate change is expected in this century. Although its impact on the regional scale is less well-understood. This thesis aims to bridge the gap between the relatively well-studied future change of synoptic-scale weather systems, and the localized change under future climate. First, we focused on one of the most common coastal phenomena within California’s San Francisco Bay Delta and Central Valley marine air penetration (MAP) events, which are a broad category of meteorological features that include the wellknown Delta Breeze (DB). Summertime MAP episodes, identified by an inland cooling pattern and onshore wind, are selected in both observational and reanalysis dataset using a newly developed objective criteria. Correlations between MAP occurrence and synoptic-scale meteorology are then examined to understand the drivers of MAP. Historical data are first used to determine if any significant trends have been observed in the frequency and character of MAP events. Future trends in MAP are then predicted based on an investigation of how synoptic-scale meteorology will be modified in the 21st century under CMIP5 climatological projections. Based on our analysis of historical and future MAP frequency (under RCP8.5), a weak positive trend (∼0.2 days/century) is identified in the occurrence of sufficiently strong summertime MAP days, although further study is needed. Second, we analyzed the California wind resource variability under the future climate. Shifting wind patterns are an expected consequence of global climate change, with direct implications for wind energy production. However, wind is notoriously
Imaging characteristics and endovascular treatment strategy for cerebellar arteriovenous malformations

Cerebellar arteriovenous malformations (CAVMs) have increased probabilities of rupture and bleeding compared with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in other locations of the brain. Endovascular treatment (EVT) for CAVMs is difficult; as the angioarchitecture of CAVMs is complex, EVT may be associated with complications, due to the involvement of crucial structures, such as the brainstem. The present study aimed to determine the efficacy of EVT for CAVMS. For this purpose, 33 cases of CAVMs treated with EVT from January, 2015 to January, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The 33 patients were aged 8 to 73 years (mean age, 40.4±17.8 years) and 21 were female (63%, 21/33). Rupture and bleeding occurred in 29 patients (87.9%, 29/33). Among the 33 CAVM cases, 15 (45.5%, 15/33) were fed by a single artery, and 18 (54.5%, 18/33) were fed by multiple arteries. In total, 27 patients (81.8%, 27/33) had superficial vein drainage alone. Among the 33 cases, 15 were complicated by 16 aneurysms, including 14 prenidal aneurysms and 2 intranidal aneurysms. Among the 33 cases, the nidus of the CAVM (87.9%, 29/33) was treated with Onyx™ casting in 29 patients: 8 cases (27.6%, 8/29) had an embolization volume of <1/3 of the nidus, 11 cases had a volume of 1/3-2/3 of the nidus (37.9%, 11/29) and 10 cases had a volume >2/3 of the nidus (34.5%, 10/29). Among the EVT complications, there were 3 cases (9.1%, 3/33) of intraoperative and post-operative bleeding, which resulted in two deaths (on the 1st and 7th days). The length of hospital stay was 10.7±5.4 days. In total, 27 patients (81.7%, 27/33) had a Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score of 5 at discharge. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that overall, EVT is a feasible treatment for CAVM and may be used to obtain acceptable therapeutic effects.
Evaluation of Social Media in Digital Supply Chain Management

In the past few years, many economies implement a social media-based digital supply chain management application for improving performance. However, there is problem regrading e-participation because of low level of participation by the public. The solution for improving public e-participation is by make a media for public do the e-participation, the media is social media-based digital supply chain management application. In fact, when a economy already implement the application, the participation is low. The purpose of this research is to identify factors that affecting behavior intention of public for do the e-participation using social media-based digital supply chain management application. In this research there are 203 social media-based digital supply chain management application users in Special Capital Region of Jakarta (Jakarta Aman application) that becoming research subject for evaluating the application for future development or references for other economy. The methodology approach for this study is based on combining many models such as Delon and McLean’s IS Success Model and TPB as the main model. Also combining external factors from existing studies that affecting attitude toward using the application. This paper can become references and contributing for making reader to understand more regrading people behavior for adopting social media-based digital supply chain management application to engage in e-participation. Social media can be an invaluable tool for supply chain professionals looking to identify new innovations, understand commodity and pricing trends, capture best practices, and collaborate with stakeholders, peers, and suppliers.
Variabilidad hidroclimática en el sur del Altiplano: pasado, presente y futuro

Fil: Morales, Mariano Santos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivologia, Glaciologia y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivologia, Glaciologia y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivologia, Glaciologia y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina
Magnetic tweezers for the mechanical research of DNA at the single molecule level

Biomechanical forces are involved in the physiological function of molecules. Single molecule magnetic tweezers have been developed and used to investigate the mechanical properties of individual biomolecules and their interactions. In this review, we will mainly review the application of magnetic tweezers for the mechanical research of DNA at the single molecule level. Firstly, we will briefly introduce the fundamentals and the categories of the instrumental setups. Secondly, we will summarize and discuss the application of magnetic tweezers for the analysis of the mechanical properties of DNA and the interactions between DNA and different substances such as DNA-modifying enzymes, DNA structural proteins, cations, drugs, and organic chemicals. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of magnetic tweezers for DNA research are discussed. This work will provide an important guide to the scientists in the field of DNA mechanics.
A study of mobile banking adoption among university students

The main objective of this study is to investigate factors that can predict the adoption of mobile banking in Malaysia. This research also investigates the mediating role of hedonic motivation between mobile banking and its predictor: hedonic motivation, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived compatibility, and perceived complexity. Inconsistency of finding in the past literature between the relationship of adoption of mobile banking and its determinant has driven the researcher to explain the inconsistencies. Survey questionnaires were distributed using an online questionnaire to the undergraduate students of Universiti Utara Malaysia. 386 usable questionnaires used for the analysis. The direct and indirect relationship has been analyzed by using the PLS-SEM method. The results show that hedonic motivation, perceived usefulness, perceived compatibility, and perceived complexity has a significant relationship to the adoption of mobile banking while perceived ease of use is found to be insignificant. For the indirect relationship, the results show that hedonic motivation mediates the relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived compatibility, and perceived complexity to the adoption of mobile banking, and hedonic motivation found out that it did not mediate the relationship between perceived ease of use and adoption of mobile banking. Finally, managerial implications, limitations of the study, and recommendations of future research are discussed.
Conversion of Sugar Cane Molasses to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Using Molasses and Bagasse-Derived Catalysts

5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a suitable platform chemical for the production of useful chemicals and fuels. This study examined the hydrolysis of mixtures of sucrose, glucose and fructose (synthetic sugar cane molasses) and industrial molasses using sulfonated carbon-based heterogeneous catalysts derived from sugar cane bagasse (B-SO3H) and sugar cane molasses (M-SO3H). Microwave heating at 150 °C for 4 h produced 39 mol % HMF yield with B-SO3H on the synthetic sugar solution. The addition of a molasses pretreatment step, as well as, increasing the microwave power was necessary to achieve similar HMF yields with the industrial molasses sample. The hydrolysis of molasses pretreated with formic acid or HCl resulted in a slightly higher HMF yield than the hydrolysis of molasses pretreated with H2SO4. The buffering capacity of the formic acid pretreated molasses was lowered through dilution with water; and subsequently HMF yield was increased to 64.3 mol % (170 °C, 3 h).
A molecular dynamics study of the nucleus interface structure and orientation relationships during the austenite-to-ferrite transformation in pure Fe

ABSTRACT Molecular dynamics simulations using an embedded-atom method potential for pure iron (Fe) were performed to investigate the solid-state transformation of a body-centred-cubic phase from a polycrystalline face-centred-cubic matrix. A Kurdjumov–Sachs orientation relationship accompanied with a step-ledge disconnection structure was detected in high mobility phase boundaries of a full 3D classical and barrier-free nucleation specimen. The results imply that interface coherency is an important factor for both nucleation and growth processes, which may significantly affect the transition rate of the austenite–ferrite transformation.
Government Self-Capture and the Decline of Nations

This working paper was originally presented as part of the panel discussion “Government Self-Capture and the Decline of Nations” at the Carey Business School, The Johns Hopkins University on March 12, 2015 by Mark Zupan. The event was co-sponsored by the Johns Hopkins Business in Government Initiative and the Institute for Applied Economics, Global Health and Study of Business Enterprise.
GC–MS vs. GC–MS-MS analysis of pentacyclic terpanes in crude oils from Libya and Serbia – A comparison of two methods

The values of parameters calculated from distribution and abundance of the selected pentacyclic terpanes in crude oils from Libya and Serbia, which were originally derived from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) were compared with results of quantification based on gas chromatography– –mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (GC–MS-MS). The parameters ana­lyzed are the most often used terpane source and maturity parameters, which were applied to a large sample set of 70 oils, originating from five oil fields. The aim of the paper was to investigate to which extent the measurements of the selected parameters by these two instrumental techniques agree and to det­er­mine the influence of differences between parameter values on geochemical interpretation. For that purpose two methods, concordance correlation coef­ficient and mean-difference plot were used. The obtained results indicate that calculation of C 27 18α(H)-22,29,30-trisno­rneohopa­ne/(C 27 18α(H)-22,29,30- -trisnorneohopane + C 27 17α(H)-22,29,30-trisnorho­pa­ne), C 29 18α(H)-30-nor­neohopane/C 29 17α(H)21β(H)-30-norhopane and C 29 17α(H)21β(H)-30-norho­pane/C 30 17α(H)21β(H)-hopane ratios either by GC–MS or GC–MS-MS do not significantly influence interpretation. On the other hand, the determination of C 30 17β(H)21α(H)-moretane/C 30 17α(H)21β(H)-hopane ratio, gammacerane index and oleanane index by GC–MS vs. GC‑MS-MS could notably affect interpretation. These differences can be explained by the co-elution and the peak overlapping in GC–MS but also by better separation, higher precision and better selectivity of the GC–MS-MS. Deviation of the almost all studied para­meters from the line of equality was similar for the oils from the same oil field but some differences were observed for the oils from different oil fields. Therefore, when GC–MS-MS results are to be used in organic geochemical interpretations, a regional calibration of GC–MS vs. GC‑MS-MS relationship for each petroleum system is highly recommended.
Introducing “Cap Concept” in a Class Room Learning for the Students to Achieve Success

Unchanged Indian education system has blocked student’s interest in active learning in the classroom. All the time and all the ways students are demotivated, distracted and pressurized. Today class room teaching made the teachers get limited for completion of the portion and also the modern educational institutions are wordless in beyond classroom teaching. Corporal punishments, exams and home works are only become the deferent parameters to measure the children. It made all the way children feel helpless, hopeless and worthless. In the classroom students are only expected by the teachers to be silent and pay attention towards continues sessions. The other hand teachers have no way to pay little time to make children get motivated and active. However unless we create a positive and motivational teaching in the classroom no use whatever we inculcate, only we can complete the portion not inculcating values of concept we teach. The main objective of this study is to implement the cap concept, which creates student’s attention towards positive change in their attitude and behaviour, concentration in the class, improved confidence level, encouraged towards social involvement and many more. Cap concept is nothing but awarding an attractive cap to a student in the classroom for the recognition of a little positive work that he or she has done. The student awarded cap will wear it and sit in the particular session. It influences the student to feel proud by the identity and claps given by the classmates. The particular student will also will start liking and accepting the particular teacher and their guidance. The study made it very clear that the cap concept will surely help the teacher to encourage the students with several behavioural problems and bring positive change in their day todays leaving. As per the data 64% of respondents have expressed positive improvement in their behaviour. The activity is conducted for 50 high school students; 25 girls and 25 boys. Interview schedule, primary and secondary methods are used and the study is descriptive in nature.
Ternary organic solar cells: compatibility controls for morphology evolution of active layers

The fundamental principles of how a third component influences morphology evolution in ternary solar cells remains poorly understood. Here, P3BT, P3HT, and P3OT with different side chain lengths were incorporated into a p-DTS(FBTTh2)2:PC71BM system to investigate the morphology evolution of films from a single component to binary blend films and from binary to ternary blend films. The compatibility between different components determined the final morphology of active layers during film formation, which could be described by Flory–Huggins parameters calculated through a melting point depression method. P3BT could promote crystallization of p-DTS(FBTTh2)2 in ternary blends to afford an optimized morphology, reaching a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.3% after further annealing treatment.
Monodisperse Metallic NiCoSe2 Hollow Sub‐Microspheres: Formation Process, Intrinsic Charge‐Storage Mechanism, and Appealing Pseudocapacitance as Highly Conductive Electrode for Electrochemical Supercapacitors

Highly conductive metal selenides are gaining prominence as promising electrode materials in electrochemical energy‐storage fields. However, phase‐pure bimetallic selenides are scarcely retrieved, and their underlying charge‐storage mechanisms are still far from clear. Here, first a solvothermal strategy is devised to purposefully fabricate monodisperse hollow NiCoSe2 (H‐NiCoSe2) sub‐microspheres. Inherent formation of metallic H‐NiCoSe2 is tentatively put forward with comparative structure‐evolution investigations. Interestingly, the fresh H‐NiCoSe2 does not demonstrate striking supercapacitive behaviors when evaluated for electrochemical supercapacitors (ESs). But it exhibits competitive pseudocapacitance of ≈750 F g−1 at a rate of 3 A g−1 with a high loading of 7 mg cm−2 after ≈100 cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycles. With systematic physicochemical/electrochemical analyses, intrinsic energy‐storage mechanism of the H‐NiCoSe2 is convincingly revealed that the electrooxidation‐generated biactive CoOOH/NiOOH phases in aqueous KOH over CV scanning, rather than the H‐NiCoSe2 itself, account for the remarkable pesudocapacitance observed after cycling. An assembled H‐NiCoSe2‐based asymmetric device has delivered an energy density of ≈25.5 Wh kg−1 with a power rate of ≈3.75 kW kg−1, and long‐span cycle life. More significantly, the electrode design and new perspectives here hold profound promise in enriching material synthesis methodologies and in‐depth understanding of the complex charge‐storage process of newly emerging pseudocapacitive materials for next‐generation ESs.
Optimal Handover in MEC for an Automotive Application

With the rapid evolution of automated driving, an ever-increasing number of driving tasks is being taken over by smart vehicles. Traditional cloud computing cannot deliver the required data quickly enough, because the large physical distance between servers and user devices causes a long round-trip time (RTT). Therefore, a new technique must be adopted to fill the existing performance gap; Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC). MEC requires that an automated vehicles’ data is handed over from one server to the next whenever the connection quality starts to deteriorate due to physical distance or overloading. In this work, we investigate what the optimal strategy is for handover timing and the connected server. We do this using a novel model for MEC implemented in the ns-3 network simulator. The experiments test a set of eight different strategies, each comprised of a combination of a metric for connection quality and a trigger. The results show that the optimal data handover metric for a platooning application is delay and that the optimal result is achieved by applying hysteresis to the trigger mechanism. Thus, the optimal data handover strategy for a platooning application is the delay-hysteresis strategy.
Replacing the Ex-Def Baseline in AutoML by Naive AutoML

Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) is the problem of automatically finding the pipeline with the best generalization performance on some given dataset. AutoML has received enormous attention in the last decade and has been addressed with sophisticated black-box optimization techniques like Bayesian Optimization, Genetic Algorithms, or Tree Search. These approaches are almost never compared to simple baselines to see how much they improve over simple but easy to implement approaches. We present Naive AutoML, a very simple baseline for AutoML that exploits meta-knowledge about machine learning problems and makes simplifying, yet, effective assumptions to quickly come to high-quality solutions. In 1h experiments, state of the art approaches can hardly improve over Naive AutoML, which in turn comes along with advantages such as interpretability and flexibility.
Investigating the process and regulation of thymocyte egress by lymphotoxin beta receptor and thymic stroma

The thymus is a heterogeneous mix of hematopoietic and stromal cells that function to generate a functional, self-tolerant T-cell pool. Although many of these populations are well studied, the role of non-epithelial stroma remains unclear. Thymic mesenchyme has been identified as an important regulator of T-cell egress. Studies of lymphotoxin beta-receptor (LT\(\beta\)R) have revealed its critical role in T-cell egress as well as the development and function of lymph node mesenchyme. We hypothesized that (LT\(\beta\)R) regulation of thymic mesenchyme is critical forT-cell egress. To test this we generated \(Wnt-1^{cre}Ltbr^{flox}\) mice to delete (LT\(\beta\)R) on thymic mesenchyme and revealed this to be non-essential forT-cell egress. Moreover, we generated \(Foxn-1^{cre}Ltbr^{flox}\) mice to delete (LT\(\beta\)R) on thymic epithelial cell (TEC). Despite the critical role of (LT\(\beta\)R) in medullary TEC development, T-cell egress was normal. However, deleting (LT\(\beta\)R) on thymic endothelium using \(Flk-1^{cre}Ltbr^{flox}\) mice revealed an essential role of (LT\(\beta\)R) regulation of endothelium to control T-cell egress. Our analysis also revealed that T-cell entry into the perivascular space during T-cell egress occurs stochastically. Collectively our findings highlight a novel role for (LT\(\beta\)R) regulation of thymic endothelium as a critical pathway of T-cell egress.