Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of human and zebrafish glucocorticoid receptor activities of natural and pharmaceutical steroids

Introduction The action of environmental steroids on the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) has been pointed out with the risk to impair physiological immune and metabolic processes regulated by this nuclear receptor. However, there is still a lack of mechanistic information regarding their ability to interact with GR in aquatic species. Methods To investigate ligand activation differences between hGR and zebrafish GR (zfGR), we tested several natural and synthetic steroids using reporter cell lines expressing hGR or zfGR. Results and discussion Almost all the glucocorticoids tested (dexamethasone, cortisol, bimedrazol, medrol, cortivazol and fluticasone) are agonists of the two receptors with similar potencies. The dissociated glucocorticoids, RU24782 and RU24858 are agonists of both zfGR and hGR but with a better potency for the latter. On the other hand, the synthetic glucocorticoid forbimenol and the mineralocorticoid aldosterone are agonist on hGR but antagonist on zfGR. The other steroids tested, androgens and progestins, are all antagonists of both GRs with equal or lower potency on zfGR than on hGR. Surprisingly, the lower efficacy and potency on zfGR of aldosterone, forbimenol and the dissociated glucocorticoids is not related to their affinity for the receptors which would suggest that it could be related to less efficacious recruitment of coactivators by zfGR compared to hGR.
Loss of the Novel Myelin Protein CMTM5 in Multiple Sclerosis Lesions and Its Involvement in Oligodendroglial Stress Responses

This study comprehensively addresses the involvement of the protein CKLF-like Marvel transmembrane domain-containing family member 5 (CMTM5) in the context of demyelination and cytodegenerative autoimmune diseases, particularly multiple Sclerosis (MS). An observed reduction in CMTM5 expression in post-mortem MS lesions prompted further investigations in both in vitro and in vivo animal models. In the cuprizone animal model, we detected a decrease in CMTM5 expression in oligodendrocytes that is absent in other members of the CMTM protein family. Our findings also confirm these results in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model with decreased CMTM5 expression in both cerebellum and spinal cord white matter. We also examined the effects of a Cmtm5 knockdown in vitro in the oligodendroglial Oli-neu mouse cell line using the CRISPR interference technique. Interestingly, we found no effects on cell response to thapsigargin-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as determined by Atf4 activity, an indicator of cellular stress responses. Overall, these results substantiate previous findings suggesting that CMTM5, rather than contributing to myelin biogenesis, is involved in maintaining axonal integrity. Our study further demonstrates that the knockdown of Cmtm5 in vitro does not modulate oligodendroglial responses to ER stress. These results warrant further investigation into the functional role of CMTM5 during axonal degeneration in the context of demyelinating conditions.
Imaging the Subsurface With the High-Speed Train Seismic Data-Based Elastic Reverse Time Migration

The high-speed train (HST) can create a new seismic source for subsurface exploration with the advantages of good repeatability, high strength, and wide distribution. However, the complexity of this brand new seismic data also brings challenges to its application. In this article, we try the possibility of application of the elastic reverse time migration (RTM) to the HST seismic data. The decoupled equation system is utilized to obtain the P- and S-waves deduced from the HST. Then, the imaging conditions based on separated wave modes are used to get the interface information of the subsurface. Numerical experiments with the Marmousi2 velocity model indicated that the subsurface structures can be well acquired, which proves the feasibility of applying the elastic RTM on the seismic data induced by HST and illustrates the great potential in utilizing the HST seismic data for subsurface exploration.
Machine Learning Approaches for Forecasting the Best Microbial Strains to Alleviate Drought Impact in Agriculture

Drought conditions pose significant challenges to sustainable agriculture and food security. Identifying microbial strains that can mitigate drought effects is crucial to enhance crop resilience and productivity. This study presents a comprehensive comparison of several machine learning models, including Random Forest, Decision Tree, XGBoost, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), to predict optimal microbial strains for this purpose. Models were assessed on multiple metrics, such as accuracy, standard deviation of results, gains, total computation time, and training time per 1000 rows of data. Notably, the Gradient Boosted Trees model outperformed others in accuracy but required extensive computational resources. This underscores the balance between accuracy and computational efficiency in machine learning applications. Leveraging machine learning for selecting microbial strains signifies a leap beyond traditional methods, offering improved efficiency and efficacy. These insights hold profound implications for agriculture, especially concerning drought mitigation, thus furthering the cause of sustainable agriculture and ensuring food security.
Energy (and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation) Saving Distribution of Mitochondria for the Activation of ATP Production in Skeletal Muscle

Exercise produces oxidants from a variety of intracellular sources, including NADPH oxidases (NOX) and mitochondria. Exercise-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are beneficial, and the amount and location of these ROS is important to avoid muscle damage associated with oxidative stress. We discuss here some of the evidence that involves ROS production associated with skeletal muscle contraction and the potential oxidative stress associated with muscle contraction. We also discuss the potential role of H2O2 produced after NOX activation in the regulation of glucose transport in skeletal muscle. Finally, we propose a model based on evidence for the role of different populations of mitochondria in skeletal muscle in the regulation of ATP production upon exercise. The subsarcolemmal population of mitochondria has the enzymatic and metabolic components to establish a high mitochondrial membrane potential when fissioned at rest but lacks the capacity to produce ATP. Calcium entry into the mitochondria will further increase the metabolic input. Upon exercise, subsarcolemmal mitochondria will fuse to intermyofibrillar mitochondria and will transfer the mitochondria membrane potential to them. These mitochondria are rich in ATP synthase and will subsequentially produce the ATP needed for muscle contraction in long-term exercise. These events will optimize energy use and minimize mitochondria ROS production.
Indoctrination in Introduction to Psychology

There have been dozens of papers published on the misrepresentation of psychological studies and theories (e.g., omitting criticisms) presented in introductory textbooks. Authors of these papers have offered numerous explanations for the errors including limited space for covering criticisms and the desire among textbook authors to “sell” psychological science to an introductory audience. In the present article, several studies and theories, most of which have been identified in previous research as misrepresented in introductory psychology textbooks, are reviewed. The possibility of ideological bias contributing to the misrepresentation is considered. The bias in introductory psychology is considered in the context of wider concerns about the consequences of political homogeneity in the field. Suggestions for reducing bias in introductory psychology textbooks and courses are offered.
Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, In Vitro Biodegradability, and Biocompatibility of Mg-Zn/HA Composites for Biomedical Implant Applications

Recently, Mg-Zn/hydroxyapatite (HA) composites have attracted much attention as potential candidates for use in bone implants. In this paper, the MgZn/HA composites were prepared using powder metallurgy (PM) and the merging mechanism of MgZn and HA particles was investigated by adjusting the weight ratio of the HA powder. The evolution of the HA distribution in the matrix was examined using SEM and micro-CT images. Afterward, the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the composites were discussed in detail. The results revealed that the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the Mg-Zn/HA composites were significantly affected by the HA content. Composites with a low HA content showed increased porosity, improved mechanical strength, and enhanced corrosion resistance after ball milling and cold pressing. These results underscore the importance of optimizing the HA content in Mg-Zn/HA composites for bone implants. Based on our findings, PM Mg-Zn/HA composites with a moderate HA content demonstrate the most promising characteristics as bone implants. The insights gained from this work contribute to the advancement of bone implant materials and hold great potential for enhancing orthopedic surgery outcomes.
Adjunctive immunomodulation in severe community-acquired pneumonia

1. Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Sleep Disorders, University of Louisville, Louisville (KY) USA. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is common, affects economically disadvantaged people disproportionally, and is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Patients with CAP can present with a large spectrum of severity. Most patients do not require hospitalization and usually fare well. In hospitalized patients, however, this scenario is different. In Brazil, there were 392,169 admissions for pneumonia in individuals ≥ 15 years of age in hospitals monitored by the Brazilian Unified Health Care System in 2022. (1) Of these, 64,704 suffered in-hospital death, which resulted in a mortality rate of 16.5%. (1) The mortality rate numbers become even more staggering when the focus is on patients requiring ICU care, which represent approximately 20% of hospitalized patients with CAP. A study in Louisville, United States, showed that adult patients with CAP requiring ICU care have 30-day and 1-year mortality rates of 27% and 47%, respectively. (2)
"Here They Look at Us as People”

Approximately 60% of all incarcerated women in the United States are mothers with minor children and most of them are single mothers. When mothers with minor children are incarcerated, the disconnection and loss of tangible support can have a traumatic impact on families. Alternatives to incarceration (ATI) can be a viable option to maintain their significant relationships while holding them accountable for their crimes and providing them with necessary rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to examine how mothers participating in an ATI program compared this experience to conventional incarceration. Data were collected from eight focus groups involving 34 mothers who were current participants or graduates of an ATI program. Data were analyzed using exploratory thematic analysis. Analysis revealed four salient themes characterized by these in vivo themes: incarceration is not rehabilitation; incarceration is easy, the program is hard; I’m not the same person; and connection with children. Findings suggest that mothers find the ATI more rehabilitative and relational than incarceration. Future research should explore outcomes for graduates of ATI specific to their rehabilitation and connections to children. A mother’s readiness for change while incarcerated and when participating in an ATI intervention should be evaluated in relation to these outcomes. The social work profession can increase research, policy, and direct service efforts in criminal legal reform by advocating for appropriate alternatives to incarceration for mothers.
Fusarium Mycotoxins and OTA in Beer from Shanghai, the Largest Megacity in China: Occurrence and Dietary Risk Assessment

Beer is susceptible to mycotoxin contamination originating from infected grains. It could be that mycotoxins are not completely removed during the brewing process and remain in the final product. Nevertheless, there have been no surveys of exposure to mycotoxin for Chinese inhabitants through beer consumption. This study aimed to investigate the presence of eight mycotoxins in 158 beer samples purchased in Shanghai, the largest megacity in China. The multiple mycotoxins determination was carried out using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Our findings revealed that 48.1% (76/158) of the beer samples were contaminated with Fusarium toxins. Deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) and zearalenone (ZEN) were detected in 34.81% and 16.46% of the total samples, respectively. The significant differences between D3G/ZEN contamination and various beer types were performed. Furthermore, this study performed a health risk assessment for Shanghai residents based on data for Fusarium toxins and ochratoxin A (OTA) present in beer for the first time. The results revealed that the 95th percentile dietary exposures of Shanghai residents did not pose any chronic or acute health risks, either individually or in combination. Dietary exposures to Fusarium toxins revealed different risk levels among residents. The cumulative health risk for women is higher than that for men at the same beer consumption. In addition, the acute risk of DONs exposure for adults deserves concern. The insights obtained from this study may be of assistance for beer manufacturers and governmental regulators to further develop beer monitoring and guarantee public health.
Sugar guidelines should be evidence-based and contain simple and easily actionable messages

COPYRIGHT © 2023 Yan and Louie. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Sugar guidelines should be evidence-based and contain simple and easily actionable messages
Advancement of non-destructive spectral measurements for the quality of major tropical fruits and vegetables: a review

The quality of tropical fruits and vegetables and the expanding global interest in eating healthy foods have resulted in the continual development of reliable, quick, and cost-effective quality assurance methods. The present review discusses the advancement of non-destructive spectral measurements for evaluating the quality of major tropical fruits and vegetables. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Near-infrared (NIR), Raman spectroscopy, and hyperspectral imaging (HSI) were used to monitor the external and internal parameters of papaya, pineapple, avocado, mango, and banana. The ability of HSI to detect both spectral and spatial dimensions proved its efficiency in measuring external qualities such as grading 516 bananas, and defects in 10 mangoes and 10 avocados with 98.45%, 97.95%, and 99.9%, respectively. All of the techniques effectively assessed internal characteristics such as total soluble solids (TSS), soluble solid content (SSC), and moisture content (MC), with the exception of NIR, which was found to have limited penetration depth for fruits and vegetables with thick rinds or skins, including avocado, pineapple, and banana. The appropriate selection of NIR optical geometry and wavelength range can help to improve the prediction accuracy of these crops. The advancement of spectral measurements combined with machine learning and deep learning technologies have increased the efficiency of estimating the six maturity stages of papaya fruit, from the unripe to the overripe stages, with F1 scores of up to 0.90 by feature concatenation of data developed by HSI and visible light. The presented findings in the technological advancements of non-destructive spectral measurements offer promising quality assurance for tropical fruits and vegetables.
Eficiência Reprodutiva em Explorações Leiteiras na Região do Entre-Douro e Minho

The Holstein Friesian cattle breed is considered the most suitable breed for milk production. In recent decades, the genetic improvement of this breed has been focused on increasing milk production. However, there has been a simultaneous decrease in reproductive efficiency that affects the productivity and profitability of the herd. Indeed, the low reproductive efficiency promotes involuntary culling, shorten the life and the number of animals to replacement, lower genetic progress and increase the costs with artificial insemination and medication. Also, in this situation, there is a reduction in milk production due to increased calving interval affecting, even more, the economic farm profitability. In the first phase of this study, a literature review was conducted on factors affecting fertility of dairy cows, thus the reproductive efficiency of dairy farms. The experimental work was conducted in 15 commercial dairy farms located at Vila do Conde, with the objective to evaluate the reproductive efficiency of these farms through the analysis of reproductive parameters as the interval between calving and conception (IPC), the interval between calving and first insemination (IP-1aIA), calving interval (IP), success at 1aIA, age at 1oCalving, fecundation rate, number of AI's / Pregnancy and culling rate using records between the years 2011 and 2013. The results obtained are not close to those indicated as optimal, the farm having a significant effect on reproductive efficiency, unlike the year. The information provided by the owners of the selected farms through custom survey, suggests that the results obtained in relation to reproductive parameters are due, probably, to the inefficient detection of estrus and the failures of artificial insemination technique. Although the results of this study suggest improvements between 2011 and 2013, the practices of reproductive management still need to be further optimized.
Algebraic Reasoning About Timeliness

Designing distributed systems to have predictable performance under high load is difficult because of resource exhaustion, non-linearity, and stochastic behaviour. Timeliness, i.e., delivering results within defined time bounds, is a central aspect of predictable performance. In this paper, we focus on timeliness using the DELTA-Q Systems Development paradigm (DELTA-QSD, developed by PNSol), which computes timeliness by modelling systems observationally using so-called outcome expressions. An outcome expression is a compositional definition of a system's observed behaviour in terms of its basic operations. Given the behaviour of the basic operations, DELTA-QSD efficiently computes the stochastic behaviour of the whole system including its timeliness. This paper formally proves useful algebraic properties of outcome expressions w.r. t. timeliness. We prove the different algebraic structures the set of outcome expressions form with the different DELTA-QSD operators and demonstrate why those operators do not form richer structures. We prove or disprove the set of all possible distributivity results on outcome expressions. On our way for disproving 8 of those distributivity results, we develop a technique called properisation, which gives rise to the first body of maths for improper random variables. Finally, we also prove 14 equivalences that have been used in the past in the practice of DELTA-QSD. An immediate benefit is rewrite rules that can be used for design exploration under established timeliness equivalence. This work is part of an ongoing project to disseminate and build tool support for DELTA-QSD. The ability to rewrite outcome expressions is essential for efficient tool support.
A Review of Previous Works on Observing the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Through Meteorological Measurements.

Abstract : This report provides a comprehensive review or some 30 previous works on observing the atmospheric boundary layer through meteorological measurements. I compiled the information in this report from a relatively broad survey of the literature related to field experiments that had focused on processes and events that characterize the boundary layer, and in particular, the boundary layer under atmospherically stable conditions. The summaries that comprise the bulk of the report provide the reader with historical as well as data resource information for several different types of programs on topics from improving weather and climate prediction models to advancing remote sensing platforms and monitoring techniques. Also, the report presents some of the main conclusions derived from two workshop meetings on turbulence and diffusion in the stable boundary layer. I wrote this report as a result of studying and annotating about 90 references and texts on experiments in the atmospheric boundary layer. It was produced during a period preceding the Cooperative Atmospheric/Surface Exchange Study (CASES-99) program. A colleague suggested that researchers and experimental planners at the Army Research Laboratory might benefit from such an accounting of the scientific objectives, technical goals, and descriptions of the arrays of various sensor platforms that were involved with previous outdoor programs.
Mapping habitats and biodiversity of Ningaloo Reef lagoon using hyperspectral remote sensing data

This project is focusing on the mapping of habitats and biodiversity of the Ningaloo Marine Park. This will be achieved through a combination of state-of-the-art hyperspectral remote sensing techniques, coupled with biodiversity field surveys of the area. Airborne hyperspectral data were collected by HyVista in April 2006 over 3500 km2 covering the whole Ningaloo Marine Park. This is the largest hyperspectral coral reef survey to date in the world and provides images in 3.5 m spatial resolution for a 1km wide terrestrial coastal strip and out to 20m depth over lagoon areas. Hyperspectral remote sensing data are corrected for atmospheric, air water interface and water column effects. This, physics-based approach, promotes automatisation and the removal of subjectivity from the classification process, allowing improved transferability to additional sampling locations and extension of the monitoring to other seasons. Field work was carried out to support the airborne data acquisition in 2006 and 2007 collecting underwater field spectra, echo-sounding data and underwater photographs to allow for accurate validation and interpretation of hyperspectral data. Field spectra from various habitats are used to characterise their spectral features enabling differentiation and classification of various bottom cover types. Transects across coastal vegetation were also conducted to identify the vegetation types and key landforms contributing to the variability in the images along the coast. Over the next three years, this project will use the hyperspectral data to develop a high-resolution characterisation of the reef, shallow water habitats and terrestrial vegetation of the coastal strip in order to support sound conservation and management of the Ningaloo Marine Park.