Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Provenance and paleoenvironmental significance of sediments in the Beipo seamount of the northern South China Sea during the last deglaciation

The sedimentary processes of seamount regions are closely related to climate change and ocean evolution. The clay minerals, grain size and 14C ages of core SCS18-1, which was collected from the Beipo seamount in the northern South China Sea (SCS) were analyzed to discuss the provenance and paleoenvironmental conditions during the last deglaciation. The sediments of core SCS18-1 are dominated by clayey silt, which is mainly composed of illite (55.2~62.1%) and chlorite (17.1~22.5%), with subordinate kaolinite (9.5~12.6%) and smectite (7.3~15.1%). The illite chemical index and illite crystallinity indicate strong physical weathering conditions. The results of the end-member modeling algorithm (EMMA) suggest that the sediments of core SCS18-1 consist of three end-members containing EM1 (0.98 μm), EM2 (9.29 μm) and EM3 (44.19 μm), with average contents of 3%, 66% and 31%, respectively. The finest endmember represents fluvial mud, the middle and coarsest endmembers are considered fluvial fine silt and eolian dust, respectively. The mean grain size is mainly controlled by the coarser fraction EM3. Based on the clay minerals, grain size and SEM analysis, we can conclude that since the onset of the last deglaciation (16.1 ka BP), the sediments of core SCS18-1 mainly originate from fluvial input, and eolian material also contributed to the sediments. The clay mineral assemblages of core SCS18-1 are stable and originate mainly from Taiwan. Additionally, the Pearl River appears to be a secondary contributor of clay minerals. Further, the Luzon Islands only account for a small proportion. Major kaolinite and moderate illite and chlorite are thought to originate from the Pearl River, predominant illite and chlorite from Taiwan, and principal smectite from the Luzon Islands. Both the relative content of EM1+ EM2 and the illite chemical index effectively represent the variation of East Asia summer monsoon (EASM) strength. Meanwhile, the relative content of EM3 effectively represents the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) change. The material supply of core SCS18-1 is mainly controlled by solar radiation in the Northern Hemisphere.
Characteristics of full compensation and its association with total astigmatism: A cross-sectional study

Objective To evaluate the characteristics of full compensation and its association with the prevalence of total astigmatism (TA), and to analyze the effects of TA on uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA). Methods With random cluster sampling based on a school-based cross-sectional design, children aged 4 to 18 years were recruited in September 2020, Shandong Province, China. TA, anterior corneal astigmatism (ACA), and ocular residual astigmatism (ORA) were converted to vectorial components (J0, J45), followed by an assessment of the compensatory effect of ACA by ORA. Astigmatism was defined as a cylinder that was better than or equal to 0.75 diopters (D). Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the related factors for children with full compensation, and the generalized linear model was used to assess the influence of TA on UDVA. Results Out of 4,494 eligible children, data of 4,145 children (92.3%, 9.23 ± 3.15 years, 50.4% boys) were included in the statistical analysis. The prevalence of TA (27.9%) increased significantly with age (Ptrend < 0.001). The distribution of full compensation in J0 and J45 components were similar (22.1% and 25.6%, respectively), which decreased with age (Ptrend < 0.001). The closer the refractive status was to emmetropization, the higher the proportion of full compensation and the lower the prevalence of TA were. Shorter axial length (J0: Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61 to 0.94, P = 0.010), better UDVA (J0: OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.65, P < 0.001; J45: OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.59, P < 0.001), and longer average corneal curvature radius (J0: OR = 3.72, 95% CI: 2.18 to 6.34, P < 0.001; J45: OR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.67 to 4.76, P < 0.001) were associated with full compensation. Higher TA was associated with a worse UDVA (β = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.04, P < 0.001). Conclusions The prevalence of TA gradually increased with age, and showed a U-shaped distribution with increased refraction. Full compensation was associated with smaller TA and better UDVA. This indicated that considering the compensatory effect of ORA is vital for astigmatism correction in clinical work, which may improve the visual quality.
Editorial: Protein homeostasis in growth, development and disease

The transition of a linear polypeptide chain into a functional, 3-dimensional protein is fraught with dangers, but a successful outcome is critical to all aspects of life. To assist and monitor this process, all cells and organism are endowed with a cadre of molecular chaperones, their co-factors and folding enzymes (Balchin et al., 2016). The ability of the cell to rapidly regulate the availability of these chaperones and folding enzymes is necessary to maintain cellular and organellar homeostasis in response to changes in secretory capacity or alterations in the cellular environment that adversely affect protein folding (Richter et al., 2010; Walter and Ron, 2011). Imbalances in these can lead to disease. In addition to these ubiquitously expressed components of protein folding and quality control systems, tissue-specific factors exist that are more restrictive in their clients and are often important in developmental and differentiation processes. This Research Topic is comprised of a combination of original research articles and reviews that address cutting edge work in this field.
Joint game-theoretical optimization for load aggregators in demand response market considering the breach of residential consumers

Demand response (DR) with the participation of load aggregator (LA) has received extensive attention in recent years due to the increasing energy demand. However, LA has to face the risk that consumers may refuse to be controlled by LA due to the uncertainty of energy consumption on demand side. Therefore, this paper proposes a joint game-theoretical optimization for LAs in DR day-ahead market and intraday market considering the breach of residential consumers. In day-ahead market, LA will compete with other LAs and obtain the optimal bidding amount through a non-cooperative game process, to obtain the maximal self-profit. In intraday market, in order to make up for the breach amount of consumers, DR resource-deficit LAs can purchase resource from DR resource-surplus LAs via Nash bargaining process. Basically, Nash bargaining model is formulated and solved by translating the optimization problem into two sub-problems. Finally, a case study is performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed DR framework. Simulation results show that the whole profit of all LAs increases 25.9% compared with the scenario where LAs only participate in day-ahead market and will be punished by DR market due to the bidding breach.
Photon echoes as a probe for long-range spatial correlations

A microscopic correlation-function expression for the photon-echo signal in systems with long-range spatial correlations is developed. In general, the signal is given by an eight-point correlation function of the dipole operator involving two particles. In the absence of long-range spatial correlations, this correlation function may be factorized into a product of two four-point, single-particle correlation functions. Only under these conditions is the signal proportional to the absolute square of the ensemble-averaged nonlinear polarization. We predict that photon echoes may be used to probe the long-range spatial correlations near critical points.
Data augmentation and deep neural network classification based on ship radiated noise

Introduction Various types of ships sail at sea, and identifying maritime ship types through shipradiated noise is one of the tasks of ocean observation. The ocean environment is complex and changeable, such rapid environmental changes underline the difficulties of obtaining a huge amount of samples. Meanwhile, the length of each sample has a decisive influence on the classification results, but there is no universal sampling length selection standard. Methods This study proposes an effective framework for ship-radiated noise classification. The framework includes: i) A comprehensive judgment method based on multiple features for sample length selecting. ii) One-dimensional deep convolution generative adversarial network (1-DDCGAN) model to augment the training datasets for small sample problem. iii) One-dimensional convolution neural network (CNN) trained by generated data and real data for ship-radiated noise classification. On this basis, a onedimensional residual network (ResNet) is designed to improve classification accuracy. Results Experiments are performed to verify the proposed framework using public datasets. After data augmentation, statistical parameters are used to measure the similarity between the original samples and the generated samples. Then, the generated samples are integrated into the training set. The convergence speed of the network is clearly accelerated, and the classification accuracy is significantly improved in the one-dimensional CNN and ResNet. Discussion In this study, we propose an effective framework for the lack of scientific sample length selection and lack of sample number in the classification of ship-radiated noise, but there aret still some problems: high complexity, structural redundancy, poor adaptability, and so on. They are also long-standing problems in this field that needs to be solved urgently.
Jasmonic acid negatively regulates branch growth in pear

The quality of seedlings is an important factor for development of the pear industry. A strong seedling with few branches and suitable internodes is ideal material as a rootstock for grafting and breeding. Several branching mutants of pear rootstocks were identified previously. In the present study, ‘QAU-D03’ (Pyrus communis L.) and it’s mutants were used to explore the mechanism that affects branch formation by conducting phenotypic trait assessment, hormone content analysis, and transcriptome analysis. The mutant plant (MP) showed fewer branches, shorter 1-year-old shoots, and longer petiole length, compared to original plants (OP), i.e., wild type. Endogenous hormone analysis revealed that auxin, cytokinin, and jasmonic acid contents in the stem tips of MP were significantly higher than those of the original plants. In particular, the jasmonic acid content of the MP was 1.8 times higher than that of the original plants. Transcriptome analysis revealed that PcCOI1, which is a transcriptional regulatory gene downstream of the jasmonic acid signaling pathway, was expressed more highly in the MP than in the original plants, whereas the expression levels of PcJAZ and PcMYC were reduced in the MP compared with that of the original plants. In response to treatment with exogenous methyl jasmonate, the original plants phenotype was consistent with that of the MP in developing less branches. These results indicate that jasmonic acid negatively regulates branch growth of pear trees and that jasmonic acid downstream regulatory genes play a crucial role in regulating branching.
Long-term response of coastal macrofauna communities to de-eutrophication and sea level rise mediated habitat changes (1980s versus 2018)

Since the last decades, previous long-term Wadden Sea studies revealed significant changes in the abundance, biomass and spatial distribution of characteristic macrofauna communities in response to environmental changes and anthropogenic stressors. In this study, we performed statistical community analysis for the East-Frisian Wadden Sea (EFWS, southern North Sea) on two reference datasets across a period with severe climatic and environmental changes (1980s-2018). Therefore, historical macrofauna data from the Quantitative Sensitivity Mapping (1980s, SENSI 1) were reanalyzed and compared with data from the Synoptic Intertidal Benthic Survey (SIBES/SENSI 3) collected in 2018. Our results revealed significant quantitative and spatial changes in the characteristic macrofauna communities between the 1980s and 2018, most likely in response to de-eutrophication and sea level rise mediated habitat changes. Since the 1980s, the total number of taxa remained relatively stable (1980s: 90, 2018: 81), but the total abundance decreased by ca. -31% and the total biomass decreased by ca. -45%, particularly in the eastern regions of the study site probably due to de-eutrophication processes. Thereby, the mean abundances/m2 of ≥ -80% (1980s-2018) in the EFWS of several dominant species decreased: e.g. the gastropod Peringia ulvae, the polychaete Lanice conchilega and the bivalve Mya arenaria. In contrast, the mean abundance/m2 of one dominant species increased by ≥ +80% (1980s-2018): the invasive bivalve Ensis leei. The mean biomass [g/m2] of three dominant species decreased by ≥ -80% (1980s-2018): P. ulvae, L. conchilega and the amphipod Corophium volutator. In contrast, the mean biomass [g/m2] of one dominant species increased by ≥ +75% (1980s-2018): the polychaete Arenicola marina. In the western part of the EFWS, not only higher abundances of A. marina, but also of L. conchilega and P. ulvae were found in 2018, caused i.a. by sea level rise mediated decreasing mud contents and sand accretion on tidal flats. At the community level, the Oligochaeta/Heteromastus community increased in spatial distribution in the western EFWS in 2018 in the vicinity of increasing mussel/oyster beds.
Exploration and validation of the influence of angiogenesis-related factors in aortic valve calcification

Over the years, bioinformatics tools have been used to identify functional genes. In the present study, bioinformatics analyses were conducted to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of angiogenic factors in calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). The raw gene expression profiles were from datasets GSE153555, GSE83453, and GSE51472, and the angiogenesis-related gene set was from the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis database (GSEA). In this study, R was used to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and co-expressed genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) Pathway enrichment analysis were performed on DEGs and validated in clinical samples. DEGs in CAVD were significantly enriched in numerous immune response pathways, inflammatory response pathways and angiogenesis-related pathways. Nine highly expressed angiogenesis-related genes were identified, of which secretogranin II (SCG2) was the most critical gene. MiRNA and transcription factors (TFs) networks were established centered on five DEGs, and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) was the most important transcription factor, verified by PCR, immunohistochemical staining and western blotting experiments. Overall, this study identified key genes and TFs that may be involved in the pathogenesis of CAVD and may have promising applications in the treatment of CAVD.
Successful eradication of an invasive alien Pallas’s squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus Pallas 1779) population in the Netherlands with support of the local community

The Pallas’s squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus) is an invasive alien species in several countries in Europe, but also in Argentina and Japan. The species is a threat to indigenous squirrel species and difficult to eradicate. In 2008 a population of this species was discovered in the south of the Netherlands, close to the Belgian border. The range and number of Pallas’s squirrels in the area was determined using sightings of local citizens, foresters and an extensive inventory with hair tubes and camera traps. The population was successfully eradicated during an eradication campaign with several stages from 2011 till 2015. The population appeared to be larger than expected. In total, 249 individuals were trapped in an area as large as 50 km2. Trapped squirrels were not killed, but sterilized and rehomed in animal parks across Europe. The eradication campaign was successful due to the cooperation and support of the general public, who were informed by flyers, lectures and several appeals in local media and on social media platforms. Both helped in getting support of the general public, but sterilization and rehoming must be properly supervised. The total costs of eradication summed up to at least €330,000. No Pallas’s squirrels were reported after October 2015, however sightings of ‘dark colored’ squirrels from the area are still reported by the general public and verified by an expert of the Dutch Mammal Society until today.
Diversity, distribution and organic substrates preferences of microbial communities of a low anthropic activity cave in North-Western Romania

Introduction Karst caves are characterized by relatively constant temperature, lack of light, high humidity, and low nutrients availability. The diversity and functionality of the microorganisms dwelling in caves micro-habitats are yet underexplored. Therefore, in-depth investigations of these ecosystems aid in enlarging our understanding of the microbial interactions and microbially driven biogeochemical cycles. Here, we aimed at evaluating the diversity, abundance, distribution, and organic substrate preferences of microbial communities from Peștera cu Apă din Valea Leșului (Leșu Cave) located in the Apuseni Mountains (North-Western Romania). Materials and Methods To achieve this goal, we employed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) paralleled by the assessment of environmental parameters of cave sediments and water. Results and Discussion Pseudomonadota (synonym Proteobacteria) was the most prevalent phylum detected across all samples whereas the abundance detected at order level varied among sites and between water and sediment samples. Despite the general similarity at the phylum-level in Leșu Cave across the sampled area, the results obtained in this study suggest that specific sites drive bacterial community at the order-level, perhaps sustaining the enrichment of unique bacterial populations due to microenvironmental conditions. For most of the dominant orders the distribution pattern showed a positive correlation with C-sources such as putrescine, γ-amino butyric acid, and D-malic acid, while particular cases were positively correlated with polymers (Tween 40, Tween 80 and α-cyclodextrin), carbohydrates (α-D-lactose, i-erythritol, D-mannitol) and most of the carboxylic and ketonic acids. Physicochemical analysis reveals that sediments are geochemically distinct, with increased concentration of Ca, Fe, Al, Mg, Na and K, whereas water showed low nitrate concentration. Our PCA indicated the clustering of different dominant orders with Mg, As, P, Fe, and Cr. This information serves as a starting point for further studies in elucidating the links between the taxonomic and functional diversity of subterranean microbial communities.
Longitudinal section cell morphology of Chinese fir roots and the relationship between root structure and function

Introduction The longitudinal section cell morphology of Chinese fir roots was studied to better understand the relationship between root structure and root function. Materials In this study, the adjusted microwave paraffin section method and the selected two sample transparency methods were used to process the Chinese fir roots and combined with the laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) technique, the morphology of Chinese fir roots longitudinal section can be clearly observed in a short time. At the same time, the observation effect of the longitudinal section cell morphology of the LSCM image of the thick section of the Chinese fir roots and the ordinary optical imaging of the thin section was analyzed and compared. Results and Discussion The results showed that: (1) There were apparent differences in the observation effect of cell morphology in longitudinal sections of Chinese fir roots obtained using various treatment methods. Under LSCM, the section with a thickness of 20 μm generated by the microwave paraffin section technique displayed complete cell morphology and clear structure in the root cap, meristem zone, and elongation zone. The overall imaging effect was good; the thickness was 0.42–1.01, 0.64–1.57, and 0.95–2.71 mm, respectively. The cell arrangement in maturation zone cells was more regular. (2) Compared to the ordinary optical imaging of thin sections, the thick sections of roots made by the microwave paraffin section method shortened the time to obtain high-quality sections to ensure the observation effect. Therefore, adopting the microwave paraffin cutting approach to produce thicker root sections under LSCM allows for rapid observation of the cell morphology in longitudinal sections of Chinese fir roots. The current study provides the efficient operation procedure for the microscopic observation technology of the longitudinal section of Chinese fir roots, which is not only beneficial to reveal the relationship between the root structure and function from the microscopic point of view but also provides a technical reference for the anatomical study of other organs and the observation of the longitudinal section cell morphology of plant roots with similar structural characteristics.
interacting brain: dynamic functional connectivity among canonical brain networks dissociates cooperative from competitive

We spend much our lives interacting with others in various social contexts. Although we deal with this myriad of interpersonal exchanges with apparent ease, each one relies upon a broad array of sophisticated cognitive processes. Recent research suggests that the cognitive operations supporting interactive behaviour are themselves underpinned by several canonical functional brain networks (CFNs) that integrate dynamically with one another in response to changing situational demands. Dynamic integrations among these CFNs should therefore play a pivotal role in coordinating interpersonal behaviour. Further, different types of interaction should present different demands on cognitive systems, thereby eliciting distinct patterns of dynamism among these CFNs. To investigate this, the present study performed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on 30 individuals while they interacted with one another cooperatively or competitively. By applying a novel combination of analytical techniques to these brain imaging data, we identify six states of dynamic functional connectivity characterised by distinct patterns of integration and segregation among specific CFNs that differ systematically between these opposing types of interaction. Moreover, applying these same states to fMRI data acquired from an independent sample engaged in the same kinds of interaction, we were able to classify interpersonal exchanges as cooperative or competitive. These results provide the first direct evidence for the systematic involvement of CFNs during social interactions, which should guide neurocognitive models of interactive behaviour and investigations into biomarkers for the interpersonal dysfunction characterizing many neurological and psychiatric disorders.