Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of sensitivity to beat gesture and contrastive accenting in support of word learning in early childhood in boys and girls

This research investigated whether observing beat gesture and hearing contrastive accenting with novel words enhances their learning in early childhood and whether these effects differ by sex in light of sex differences in the pace of language development. Fifty-three 3- to 5-year-old boys and girls learned pairs of novel words with contrasting referents with beat gesture, contrastive accenting, both, or neither. Knowledge of these words was then tested via a referent identification task. Novel word learning did not differ by beat gesture or contrastive accenting, nor did use of these cues to support word learning differ by age. However, 3-year-old boys were better able to identify the referents of novel words learned with rather than without beat gesture, and boys’ ability to identify the referents of novel words learned without beat gesture improved from ages 3 to 5 years. By contrast, no such effects of beat gesture on novel word learning by age were observed for girls. These results suggest that, for 3-year-old boys, beat gesture may compensate for difficulty deducing contrast from speech alone, and that their reliance on beat gesture as a cue to contrast decreases as their ability to deduce contrast from speech improves during early childhood. Thus, beat gesture may serve as a visual cue to contrast that scaffolds young children’s learning of words with contrasting meanings by supplementing the use of cues to contrast conveyed via speech.
A Novel Program Scheme for Z-Interference Improvement in 3D NAND Flash Memory

With gate length (Lg) and gate spacing length (Ls) shrinkage, the cell-to-cell z-interference phenomenon is increasingly severe in 3D NAND charge-trap memory. It has become one of the key reliability concerns for 3D NAND cell scaling. In this work, z-interference mechanisms were investigated in the programming operation with the aid of Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) and silicon data verification. It was found that the inter-cell trapped charges are one of the factors causing z-interference after cell programming, and these trapped charges can be modulated during programming. Thus, a novel program scheme is proposed to suppress the z-interference by reducing the pass voltage (Vpass) of the adjacent cells during programming. As a result, the proposed scheme suppresses the Vth shift of 40.1% for erased cells with Lg/Ls = 31/20 nm. In addition, this work further analyzes the optimization and balance of program disturbance and z-interference with the scaling of cell Lg-Ls based on the proposed scheme.
Organizational Commitment of Teachers: Its Effects on the Performance of Students in the High Schools of Sanchez Mira, Cagayan

Organizational Commitment (OC) is the level of commitment an employee is willing to provide for their organization to accomplish goals, vision and practice its values. In the case of education, teachers commit to teaching to ensure students get quality education measured by their level of academic performance. Many factors influence teacher OC that had been explored before, such as satisfaction, stress level, years of teaching, number of trainings received, and many more. But the direct relationship between OC and student performance is yet to be explored, especially at a time when many teachers around the world have decided to change jobs when COVID-19 hit. The need to examine what type of commitment exists among remaining teachers is essential to understand what makes them commit and put them into best practices that can be followed by other teachers, implemented by school admins as policies and training programs, all to ensure teachers under the new normal, a point in history where everything changes socio-culturally and geo-economically, provide even more excellent education quality and stay in their jobs feeling fulfilled for years to come. With the help of secondary teachers in Sanchez Mira Cagayan, the following study found that OC is directly influenced by gender and student performance. Student performance is influenced by class size and teacher OC levels.
Stress Analysis in Root Dentine using the Single Cone Versus the Continuous Wave Obturation Technique: A Finite Element Study

Introduction: The maximum stress distribution in radicular dentin was assessed during root canal obturation while using the continuous wave compaction (CWC) and single cone (SC) techniques. Limited information regarding the stresses induced on root dentine during employing the SC technique is currently present in the literature. Materials and Methods: Two different root canal obturation techniques; the CWC and the SC obturation technique were simulated. Mathematical analysis of the stress distribution patterns and maximum von Mises (VM) stresses after load application to all tooth models were assessed at one, five millimeters from the root apices, at the apex and at the orifice by finite element analysis (FEA) using the Cosmos software package (Solid works, Dassault Systems, Cedex, France). Results: In stage one of the CWC the maximum stresses were expressed at the apex (6.3 MPa), while in the second stage the maximum stresses were at the orifice (29.3 MPa). In the SC technique, the maximum stresses were at the orifice (27.2 MPa). Conclusion: Gentle forces should be employed during compaction in the first stage of the CWC technique, due to the greater force concentration at the apex. The stresses generated during obturation in both the CWC and SC techniques are less than that required to fracture root dentine.
Resolving pass-over problem in wireless sensor networks

In this work, we address the pass-over issue in wireless sensor network routing. Pass-over occurs when a query agent passes over an event agent even though the two lines cross each other, which may potentially prevent a query from finding the event. Even if the query and event agents eventually meet, the number of hop count may add up as a result of that. We tackle the problem with a variation of the Small-World Routing protocol (SWRP). The SWRP finds paths between the queries and events through recurrent propagations of weak and strong links. The operation of the protocol is simple and does not require much computational power. It turns out that by maximizing the number of weak link of the SWRP within a controlled area, we may be able to reduce the possibility of pass-over. In fact, according to our simulations the pass-over can be completely excluded from occurring. Accordingly, the proposed solution not only cut the number of hop-count, but also achieve better successful rate in finding a route between the query and event. The corresponding wireless sensor network with the proposed routing protocol is thus more power conservative and lasts longer.
Near or far detectors? A case study for long-lived particle searches at electron-positron colliders

We explore the discovery potential for long-lived particles at the 250-GeV ILC. The goal is to investigate possible gains of a dedicated far detector over the main detector ILD. For concreteness, we perform our study for sub-GeV axion-like particles $a$ produced via $e^+e^- \to a \gamma$ or $e^+e^- \to Z \gamma \to (a\gamma)\gamma$ and decaying into pairs of charged leptons. In the ideal case of zero background and perfect detection efficiency, we find that far detectors placed in the planned underground cavities or a large cuboid on the ground can enhance the sensitivity to long-lived pseudo-scalars at best moderately. On the other hand, the ILD itself is a perfect environment to search for long-lived particles, due to its excellent angular coverage and radial thickness. For long-lived particles produced with cross sections of a few picobarns, the ILD could probe lifetimes up to 300$\,$ns, or proper decay lengths up to 100$\,$m, in 250$\,$fb$^{-1}$ of data. For axion-like particles produced through weak interactions, the ILC can reach an even higher sensitivity than searches for displaced vertices in meson decays at Belle II. Our findings apply similarly to other proposed electron-positron experiments with a high angular coverage, such as the FCC-ee and CEPC.
Liquid-phase exfoliation of flaky graphite

Abstract. The majority of currently available methods of graphene production have certain drawbacks limiting its scaling. Unlike the others, liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite is a promising technique for high-yield graphene production. In this work, we present our results on one- to four-layer graphene production using various solvents and surfactants from flaky graphite. We suppose that the initial graphite in the form of millimeter-size flakes can be more advantageous for extended graphene flake acquisition than graphite powder consisting of tiny particles used in previous works. Half-centimeter–size graphene films were obtained by depositing exfoliated flakes on an arbitrary substrate. Such films can be useful for electronic and photonic applications.
Modélisation spatio-temporelle d'une épidémie par un processus de Gibbs : estimation et tests

Pour modeliser la dynamique d'une epidemie pour laquelle il n'y a pas guerison des plantes malades (presence d'un etat absorbent), nous avons utilise un champ markovien a chaque date sur les individus sains a la date precedente. Nous avons montre que la methode de codage permet de retrouver les proprietes statistiques classiques consistencee, normality asymptotique, tests d'hypoth&ses emboitees) si le processus est ca-melangeant, c'est a dire si deux individus deviennent quasiment independants d&s que la distance qui les spare augmente. Cette condition est toujours assuree dans le cas d'un processus sur Z et 1'est egalement pour un processus sur Z", P 2 si les interactions entre individus voisins sont suffisamment faibles (les conditions de Simon sont verifiees a chaque date). L'application presentee porte sur la modelisation de la propagation simultanee de deux champignons du sol (Phellinlns noxius et Rigidoporus lignosus) dans une plantation d'heveas. Le module prend en compte des caracteristiques essentielles de cette propagation (contamination de proche en proche, risque d'attaque lie a 1'etat du voisinage) et ses parametres peuvent recouvrir une interpretation biologique. I1 a donc ete possible de tester diffhrentes hypotheses sur la propagation de ces champignons parasites: influence des arbres trouves morts a la premiere ronde, interaction entre les deux champignons, stationnarite de la contamination secondaire. Dans une derni&re partie, l'utilisation de ce module dans une optique de provision est illustree.
A 7nm Gate-All-Around Nanowire n-FET for DNA Sequencing

DNA sequencing is one of the most important technologies of modern times, yet rapid, accurate, and cost-efficient techniques have been slow to be developed. One of the more recent advances takes advantage of semiconductor sensors in the determination of the sequence of base-pairs in targeted DNA molecules. Here we present a novel design and TCAD simulation-based study for a 7nm Gate-All-Around (GAA) nanowire MOSFET that detects charge variations of component nucleotides in a DNA structure.
Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filtering with an AGCM at a T159/L48 Resolution

A local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) is developed and assessed with the AGCM for the Earth Simulator at a T159 horizontal and 48-level vertical resolution (T159/L48), corresponding to a grid of 480 240 48. Following the description of the LETKF implementation, perfect model Observing Systems Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) with two kinds of observing networks and an experiment with real observations are performed. First, a regular observing network with approximately 1% observational coverage of the system dimension is applied to investigate computational efficiency and sensitivities with the ensemble size (up to 1000) and localization scale. A 10-member ensemble is large enough to prevent filter divergence. Using 20 or more members significantly stabilizes the filter, with the analysis errors less than half as large as the observation errors. There is nonnegligible dependence on the localization scale; tuning is suggested for a chosen ensemble size. The sensitivities of analysis accuracies and timing on the localization parameters are investigated systematically. A computational parallelizing ratio as large as 99.99% is achieved. Timing per analysis is less than 4 min on the Earth Simulator, peak performance of 64 GFlops per computational node, provided that the same number of nodes as the ensemble size is used, and the ensemble size is less than 80. In the other set of OSSEs, the ensemble size is fixed to 40, and the real observational errors and locations are adapted from the Japan Meteorological Agency’s (JMA’s) operational numerical weather prediction system. The analysis errors are as small as 0.5 hPa, 2.0 m s 1 , and 1.0 K in major areas for sea level pressure, zonal and meridional winds, and temperature, respectively. Larger errors are observed in data-poor regions. The ensemble spreads capture the actual error structures, generally representing the observing network. However, the spreads are larger than the actual errors in the Southern Hemisphere; the opposite is true in the Tropics, which suggests the spatial dependence of the optimal covariance inflation. Finally, real observations are assimilated. The analysis fields look almost identical to the JMA operational analysis; 48-h forecast experiments initiated from the LETKF analysis, JMA operational analysis, and NCEP–NCAR reanalysis are performed, and the forecasts are compared with their own analyses. The 48-h forecast verifications suggest a similar level of accuracy when comparing LETKF to the operational systems. Overall, LETKF shows encouraging results in this study.
Mars: An Introduction to its Interior, Surface and Atmosphere: References

Our knowledge of Mars has changed dramatically in the past 40 years due to the wealth of information provided by Earth-based and orbiting telescopes, and spacecraft investigations. Recent observations suggest that water has played a major role in the climatic and geologic history of the planet. This book covers our current understanding of the planet’s formation, geology, atmosphere, interior, surface properties, and potential for life. This interdisciplinary text encompasses the fields of geology, chemistry, atmospheric sciences, geophysics, and astronomy. Each chapter introduces the necessary background information to help the non-specialist understand the topics explored. It includes results from missions through 2006, including the latest insights from Mars Express and the Mars Exploration Rovers. Containing the most up-to-date information onMars, this book is an important reference for graduate students and researchers.
Lexical Ambiguity in Political Rhetoric: Why Morality Doesn't Fit in a Bag of Words

Abstract How do politicians use moral appeals in their rhetoric? Previous research suggests that morality plays an important role in elite communication and that the endorsement of specific values varies systematically across the ideological spectrum. We argue that this view is incomplete since it only focuses on whether certain values are endorsed and not how they are contextualized by politicians. Using a novel sentence embedding approach, we show that although liberal and conservative politicians use the same moral terms, they attach diverging meanings to these values. Accordingly, the politics of morality is not about the promotion of specific moral values per se but, rather, a competition over their respective meaning. Our results highlight that simple dictionary-based methods to measure moral rhetoric may be insufficient since they fail to account for the semantic contexts in which words are used and, therefore, risk overlooking important features of political communication and party competition.
Equilibrium pricing in supply chains with discrete stochastic demands: A case study in coffee supply and distribution industry

ABSTRACT This study addresses the optimization of price and production quantity using game theory in the coffee supply chain in the city of Isfahan. The presented model focuses on the competition among members of the chain in a probabilistic environment and is based on discrete selection models. This model examines the impact of inventory and routing costs on the pricing model at the same time. To effectively solve real-world problems, the method of normal distribution approximation is used instead of the binomial distribution. The results of the model indicate that the computational time of the applied approximate model does not change with increasing the number of customers, and the model can determine the optimal price and production quantity. The advantage of the proposed model over other classic models is that it considers the inventory costs that have not yet been considered in price competition models with discrete selection. Graphical Abstract
Capturing Layout Dependent Effects in MOSFET Circuit Sizing Using Precomputed Lookup Tables

Sizing analog circuits using precomputed look-up tables (LUTs) has recently gained traction for fast and systematic design-space exploration without a simulator in the loop. In its current form, the underlying <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$g_{m}/I_{D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-based design methodology assumes that the MOSFET figures of merit are independent of absolute channel width. However, this assumption can introduce significant errors when the layout-dependent effects (LDEs) of modern CMOS technologies are considered. In this paper, an accurate and efficient procedure is developed that incorporates the dependence on the MOSFET width per finger and number of fingers in the precomputed LUTs. The proposed approach uses a set of normalized auxiliary LUTs to correct the device behavior with a subtle impact on the LUT size and the computational effort. Moreover, the nonlinear variation of the drain-to-bulk (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$c_{db}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and source-to-bulk (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$c_{sb}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) capacitances with the device number of fingers is taken into account. The correction is based on precomputed simulation data and is thus independent of the model parameters and implementation. We present a track-and-hold circuit example that is sensitive to the width independence assumption, and show that the proposed fix prevents overdesign, resulting in a 44% reduction in switch area.
Consider the IQR Law in the Detection of Outlier in Time Series Considering Skewness

In order to analyze the skewness of GPS time series data,a skewness factor MC is introduced for measurement as well as construction of the corresponding function in order to improve the detection range of the IQR law.We interpolate after rejecting the outliers,using the time series of the CHAN IGS station provided by Sopac experimental sequence,artificially adding different orders of magnitude and different densities of outlier.We confirmed that the IQR law considering skewness is more rigorous in algorithm and more effective in outlier detection than IQR law alone.
The laterally confined consolidation of initially compacted and wetted swelling clay

This paper describes the laterally confined consolidation of an Israeli clay following compaction and swelling on wetting, including the measurement of lateral stresses. The results of the tests are compared to those obtained during consolidation of the clay from an initially slurried condition. In comparing the compression and expansion indices relative to vertical, lateral and mean stress, it was found that they varied, depending on the initial, preparation conditions; the values approached the slurried values with decreasing initial dry density. During unloading, the expansion indices were found to be independent of initial conditions, and essentially the same as those of the slurried soil. The coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest during loading, K0, of the compacted and then wetted specimens was found to be reasonably constant regardless of initial soil conditions, but significantly higher than the value of the slurried soil. However, during unloading, the relationship between the normalized coefficients of lateral earth pressure at rest, K0'/K0, and the overconsolidation ratio, OCR, was found to be essentially the same as that obtained for the slurried soil.
NMR and GPC Analysis of Alkyd Resins: Influence of Synthesis Method, Vegetable Oil and Polyol Content

Alkyd resins are oil-based polymers that have been widely used for generations in the surface coating industry and beyond. Characterization of these resins is of high importance to understand the influence of its components on its behavior, compatibility with other resins, and final quality to ensure high durability. Here, NMR spectroscopy and GPC were used for characterizing differences in the chemical structure, molecular distribution, and dispersity between oil-based and fatty acid-based alkyd polymers made from sacha inchi and linseed oils. Sancha inchi (Plukentia volubilis L.) is a fruit-bearing plant native to South America and the Caribbean, and has a rich unsaturated fatty acid content. The effect of vegetable oil and polyol selection on the synthesis of alkyd resins for coating applications was analyzed. The influence of two different synthesis methods, monoglyceride and fatty acid processes, was also compared. Important structural differences were observed using NMR: one-dimensional spectra revealed the degree of unsaturated fatty acid chains along the polyester backbone, whereas, 2D NMR experiments facilitated chemical shift assignments of all signals. GPC analysis suggested that alkyd resins with homogeneous and high molecular weights can be obtained with the fatty acid process, and that resins containing pentaerythritol may have uniform chain lengths.
A Study on Agent Expression and User Gaze Behavior in Product Endorsement Videos

Influencers on social networking and social media share their experiences of using products and services through their own content. This sometimes influences the consumption behavior of their followers. Influencers are increasingly introducing products in video media, and some are being asked by companies to introduce their products. In addition, the appearance of influencers is becoming more diverse, and we believe that the amount of information received by users varies depending on differences in agent representation. Therefore, this study examines whether differences in agent representation in product endorsement videos have different influences on advertising effectiveness (purchase intention after viewing the video, understanding of the product, and attitude toward brand) and viewers’ eye movements. Participants watched one of the following videos: one with a human, one with an avatar, and one with an image of a default icon. The participants then answered a questionnaire. The results of the experiment showed that there was no difference in advertising effectiveness among the three types of agent representations, but there were differences in the likability, and trustworthiness of the agents. And, there was a difference in the physical attraction of the agents between human and avatar. In addition, it was found that the participants’ gaze during video viewing differed between the human video and avatar video.