Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kinematic And Electromyographic Analysis Of The Legs, Torso, And Arms During An Exhaustive Run.

Distance running performance is dependent on the integration of the complex mechanisms of neuromuscular control, central and peripheral cardiovascular performance, and fatigue resistance. The end result of these interactions is movement, as defined by running mechanics. During high-intensity running, specific muscles may demonstrate signs of neuromuscular fatigue, which may alter running local and whole-body running mechanics. There are few published studies specific to running which describe neuromuscular fatigue of torso and arm muscles, how fatigue affects the kinematics of the upper body, and how neuromuscular fatigue relates to kinematic changes. Fifteen trained male distance runners were recruited to participate in this study. Each subject performed an exhaustive run at an intensity approximating 95% of maximal oxygen consumption. Electromyographic data were collected from thirteen muscles unilaterally and kinematic data were collected from key joints of the upper and lower body during the exhaustive run. Increased motor unit recruitment was observed in nearly all muscles studied, many demonstrating statistically significant linear trends. Torso muscles demonstrated similar levels of recruitment to the leg muscles. Statistically significant models of neuromuscular fatigue were observed during the exhaustive run for two leg muscles and one torso muscle. None of the arm muscles demonstrated statistically significant changes indicative of fatigue. A number of statistically significant kinematic changes were observed throughout the run for all regions of the body. Some kinematic changes were significantly correlated to changes in motor unit recruitment patterns or neuromuscular fatigue. These results confirm that runners develop neuromuscular fatigue during high intensity running and this may limit performance. Based on these results, general recommendations for muscle-specific training programs may be made for groups of athletes similar to the population studied. However, there are many individual differences within this population and therefore personalized training recommendations require a thorough neuromuscular and kinematic evaluation. Groups of runners with different demographics may also show different trends in fatigue patterns. Therefore, further research is needed to investigate the effect of exhaustive running on various populations. Additionally, research is needed to validate training programs which aim to delay or prevent neuromuscular fatigue as a means of enhancing running performance.
Late Mesozoic adakite granites of the southern frame of the eastern flank of the Mongol-Okhotsk orogenic belt: material composition and geodynamic conditions of formation

Granitoids of the Magdagachi complex were studied using new and published petrochemical, geochemical and isotopic (Sm-Nd, Rb-Sr) data. Granitoid samples were taken from the southern frame of the eastern flank of the Mongol-Okhotsk orogenic belt (MOOB). Their analysis shows increased concentrations of Sr, Ba, Eu; reduced concentrations of Nb, Ta; abnormally low concentrations of HREE, Y and Yb; significant fractionation of REE; and high Sr/Y ratios. Therefore, the Magdagachi granitoids are "classical" adakites that may have formed at a depth of more than 45 km due to melting of eclogite with a garnet content of 20–50 %. Such conditions could exist under subduction as a result of melting of the frontal or lateral parts of the slab in subduction windows formed during oblique subduction at an orthogonal sinking angle. Highly metamorphosed lower crust Precambrian formations were also melted, and a source of parental melts could have been composed of both the mantle and crustal materials. Two tectonic scenarios are proposed that could have been accompanied by the formation of Magdagachi granitoids. Both scenarios refer to subduction processes, but differ in interactions between various regional structures in the Late Mesozoic.
Coupled computational fluid dynamics/multibody dynamics method with application to wind turbine simulations

Li, Yuwei. "Coupled computational fluid dynamics/multibody dynamics method with application to wind turbine simulations. " PhD ii To my family iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my greatest appreciation to my advisor, Associate Professor Pablo M. Carrica, who has been continuously supporting me throughout my Ph.D. research with his knowledge, experience, enthusiasm and patience. I am grateful to him for his time, instrumental discussions and critique. Without his guidance and persistent help this thesis would not have been possible. I would also like to thank my committee members for their time and help, Professors P. Another thank-you goes to my fellow students in IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, who had shared their precious time with me. I am grateful to have my beloved fiancée Dan to accompany me, who makes my life meaningful and wonderful. I am indebted to my parents for their love and support for everything I do. Offshore Wind Turbines Including Wave loads and Motions ". iv ABSTRACT A high fidelity approach coupling the computational fluid dynamics method (CFD) and multi-body dynamics method (MBD) is presented for aero-servo-elastic wind turbine simulations. The approach uses the incompressible CFD dynamic overset code CFDShip-Iowa v4.5 to compute the aerodynamics, coupled with the MBD code Virtual.Lab Motion to predict the motion responses to the aerodynamic loads. The IEC 61400-1 ed. 3 recommended Mann wind turbulence model was implemented in this thesis into the code CFDShip-Iowa v4.5 as boundary and initial conditions, and used as the explicit wind turbulence for CFD simulations. A drivetrain model with control systems was implemented in the CFD/MBD framework for investigation of drivetrain dynamics. The tool and methodology developed in this thesis are unique, being the first time with complete wind turbine simulations including CFD of the rotor/tower aerodynamics, elastic blades, gearbox dynamics and feedback control systems in turbulent winds. Dynamic overset CFD simulations were performed with the benchmark experiment UAE phase VI to demonstrate capabilities of the code for wind turbine aerodynamics. The complete turbine geometry was modeled, including blades and approximate geometries for hub, nacelle and tower. Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) and Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) turbulence models were used in the simulations. Results for both variable wind speed at constant blade pitch angle and variable blade pitch angle at fixed wind speed show that the CFD predictions match the experimental data consistently well, including the general trends for power and thrust, sectional normal force coefficients and …
Genome-Wide Study of the ABI3 Gene Family and Identification of Putative miRNA Targeting ABI3 Gene in Oryza Sativa ssp. Indica

Rice is one of the important cereal crops mainly cultivated in Asia and its productivity is severely affected by drought stress. In response to drought stress, several genes are reported to be up-regulated or down-regulated in plants. Gene expression is negatively regulated by non-coding endogenous microRNAs post-transcriptionally either by mRNA degrading or translational silencing. In the past, single or multiple stress-responsive genes were over-expressed in order to generate drought-tolerant transgenic rice but with very little success. Recently, the development of transgenic plants by over-expressing transcription factors have received much attention because of their ability to regulate several genes. Abscisic Acid Insensitive 3 (ABI3) is a transcription factor, which is known to play a crucial role in mediating plant stress tolerance. Using the Ensembl plants database, we identified 83 putative OsABI3 genes in Oryza sativa Indica. Through in silico approach, five potential miRNAs i.e., ath-miR5021, csi-miR3948, osa-miRf11773-akr, osa-miRf12029-akr and ptc-miRf10053-akr that target OsABI3 genes were identified. Further, the expression of the selected ABI3 genes were analyzed in rice seedlings exposed to 15% PEG, using the RT-qPCR. In comparison to control, OsABI3 genes showed relatively enhanced expression when exposed to drought stress treatment. This indicates that OsABI3 genes may play important role in development and drought stress in rice seedlings.
PROJECT PROPOSAL (UNDER CONSTRUCTION)

A counter consists of, to simplify the control of component parts and to improve the productivity, a first frame unit comprising a plurality of digit wheels, a driving gear for a digit wheel of a lower most order, an order shifting-up means and a zero-resetting means, a second frame unit being capable to be snap fitted on the first frame unit and comprising a driving means to be coupled with the driving gear when attached to the first frame unit, and a cover frame unit being capable to be snap fitted on the first frame unit and to show only one line of the laterally lined digits when attached to cover the first frame unit. The second frame unit may be the base plate of the devices on which the counter will be used. The first frame unit may comprise only a plurality of digit wheels, a driving gear for a digit wheel of a lower most order and a zero-resetting button, and the second frame unit may comprise an order shifting-up means and a zero-resetting means.
An Experimental Chip to Evaluate Test Techniques Part 1: Description of Experiment

A Test Chip has been designed and manufactured to evaluate different testing techniques for combinational or full-scan circuits. The Test Chip is a 25k gate CMOS gate-array using LSI Logic''s LFT150K technology, and includes support (design for testability) circuitry and five types of circuits-under-test (CUT). Over 5,000 die have been manufactured. The five circuits-under-test include both datapath and synthesized control logic. The tests include design verification (simulation), exhaustive, pseudo-random, and deterministic vectors for various fault models (stuck-at, transition, delay faults, and IDDQ Testing). The chip will also be testing using the CrossCheck methodology, as well as other new technques, including Stability Checking and Very-Low-Voltage Testing. The experiment includes an investigation of both serial and parallel signature analysis. This report describes the Test Evaluation Chip Experiment, including the design of the Test Chip and the tests applied. A future report will cover the experimental results and data analysis.
Phthalate Toxicity

Phthalates are esters of Pthalic acid, compounds mainly used as plasticisers. Phthalates are widely used chemicals which are of significant research interest as their exposure causes various consequences for human health. There are several categories of phthalates extensively used in many commercial productions with diverse uses, physicochemical properties and toxicological effects. This chapter discusses the toxicity of Phthalates and its potential risks to human health.
Pelaporan Kewangan Menerusi Internet: Indeks, Tahap Pelaporan dan Faktor Penentunya

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between Internet Financial Reporting (IFR) with contingency factors and firm specific characteristics. IFR is represented by dimension of content, dimension of presentation and overall index of IFR. This study is motivated by the inconsistent findings concerning dimensions used to represent IFR as appeared in the contemporary literature. Due to the inconsistencies in the findings, a new research stream emerged. The research stream suggests future researchers to investigate in more detail variables that can clarify the determinants of IFR practices. Therefore, this study integrates the IFR literature, contingency literature and financial reporting literature through the investigation of the contingency factors and firm specific characteristics. Contingency factors have been widely discussed in management accounting literature as important variables for the purpose of strategy implementation. In this study, two contingency factors and ten firm specific characteristics had been identified from the financial disclosure literature. Firm specific characteristics were measured by using three main variables, namely:structure, performance and market. This study obtained responses from the preparers of annual reports in relation with the items that should be included in the checklist of IFR index.Random sampling was used in selecting the sample of the study with the characteristics of the Malaysian preparers accordingly. Out of 450 questionnaires distributed, 68 questionnaires(15.11%) were returned and used for further analysis. The response rate was considered sufficient as it was paralleled with responses from previous studies. In addition, data was collected from 182 companies listed in the main board of Bursa Malaysia for the purpose of multiple regression analysis. This study found that 87 out of 155 items were identified as a basic measurement to determine the level of IFR among the listed companies in main board of Bursa Malaysia. The study found that a mean score of IFR is 65.10 with the highest score of 78.16 and the lowest score of 48.27. Based on multiple regressions analysis, the findings showed that three main firm specific characteristics influenced the level of IFR i.e. firm size,listing period and return on equity. The findings also showed that there was a negative relationship between profitability ratio and dimension of content and overall index of IFR.This study provides important implication for accounting standard setters, regulators and authority bodies in developing a guideline for practicing disseminate financial information through company websites. These findings should be of interest to other researchers, and to managers and investors who currently use or plan to use financial information in making rational investment decisions. In conclusion, findings from this study have contributed to the enhancement of the understanding on the subject matter and more importantly it also contributes to the development and affirmation of theories in the field of IFR.
Design of digital instrumentation for scanning probe microscopy : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physics at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

A scanning tunneling microscope with a focus on digital instrumentation has been built. The aim of this project was to allow a digital signal processor full control over all essential microscope variables, especially simultaneous control of the vertical and horizontal tip position. Due to the fact that its operation is controlled by software, this system offers convenient operation and considerable flexibility, allowing different modes of operation, such as topographical and spectroscopic scans. Presently this microscope is the only one in ew Zealand that allows the operator full software control over the tip position and bias voltage, thereby allowing it to become a powerful research tool. Atomic scale images on graphite were successfully recorded. The spatial resolution of the microscope was estimated to be 5 pm vertically and 40 pm hor­ izontally. Two different imaging methods were demonstrated on a gold sputtered TEM grating with a scan area that was larger than 4 j.lm x 4 j.lm. One method has variable horizontal scan speed, while the other method can possibly be used for nanolithography. Both show the flexibility of this system. Although digital electronics is often perceived as being slower and noisier than analog electronics, in this instrument it did not decrease the data acqui­ sition speed nor did it reduce the signal-to-noise ratio. The bandwidth of the closed-loop controlled microscope is currently about 1 kHz, limited by the band­ width of the current-to-voltage converter, an analog component. The resolution is limited by the large gain of the high-voltage amplifiers used to drive the ac­ tuators. With a faster current-to-voltage converter and a reduced high-voltage amplifier gain, a bandwidth of 8 kHz should be possible with a vertical resolution of less than 2 pm and a horizontal resolution of 10 pm.
From Silence to Voice: Representing the Ordeal of Women Warriors

This article will explore how women writers in diaspora transmit their cultural heritage to their offspring through storytelling, which enables a revisioning of identities silenced by patriarchy and imperialism. While Amy Tan and Maxine Hong Kingston, through the vehicle of the Chinese talk-story form, reconstruct in their narratives powerful images of the woman warrior by deconstructing the stereotypical portrayal of Chinese women as “sexed objects” like “China dolls” and Suzy Wong, the Indian-American writer Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni represents in The Palace of Illusion powerful female subjects who seem to ask difficult questions about their identity and familial and social role by deconstructing epic and mythology. The Chinese-American writers Kingston and Tan locate their discourses within a maternal cultural tradition, weaving together the oral tradition of the Chinese talk story and the American short-story form, and demonstrating through the trope of the woman warrior how their protagonists become true word-warriors by speaking and writing. Tan, in fact, gives validity to the voice of those who speak broken or “non-standard” versions of “Englishes,” and by imposing indigenous speech patterns (the use of unglossed Chinese words) on the English the Chinese mothers use, she remakes the English language and uses it as a mode of subversion.
How do CRASH and IMPACT Compare to a Machine Learning-Based Predictive Model from Tanzania?

Background Hospitals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) could benefit from decision support technologies to reduce time to triage, diagnosis, and surgery for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). CRASH and IMPACT are robust examples of TBI prognostic models, though they have yet to be validated in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Moreover, machine learning and improved data quality in LMICs provide an opportunity to develop context-specific, and potentially more accurate, prognostic models. Objective We aim to externally validate CRASH and IMPACT on our TBI registry and compare their performances to that of the locally-derived model (KCMC). Methods We developed a machine learning-based prognostic model from a TBI registry collected at a regional referral hospital in Moshi, Tanzania. We also used the core CRASH and IMPACT online risk calculators to generate risk scores for each patient. We compared the discrimination (area under the curve [AUC]) and calibration before and after Platt scaling (Brier, Hosmer-Lemeshow Test, and calibration plots) for CRASH, IMPACT, and the KCMC model. The outcome of interest was unfavorable in-hospital outcome defined as a Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 1-3. Results There were 2972 patients included in the TBI registry, of which 11% had an unfavorable outcome. The AUCs for the KCMC model, CRASH, and IMPACT were 0.919, 0.876, and 0.821, respectively. Prior to Platt scaling, CRASH was the best calibrated model (X2 = 68.1) followed by IMPACT (X2 = 380.9) and KCMC (X2 = 1025.6). Conclusion We provide the first SSA validation of the core CRASH and IMPACT models. The KCMC model had better discrimination than either of these. CRASH had the best calibration, though all model predictions could be successfully calibrated. The top performing models, KCMC and CRASH, were both developed using LMIC data, suggesting that locally-derived models may outperform imported ones from different contexts of care. Further work is needed to externally validate the KCMC model.
Thermal comfort requirements: A study of people with multiple sclerosis

Existing specifications for thermal comfort in built environments are coming under increased criticism for failing to consider the requirements of specific populations. People with physical disabilities are an example of one such population. This paper presents the results of a study on the thermal comfort requirements of 32 people with multiple sclerosis. Subjects were exposed to three conditions: 18.5 C, PMV = {minus}1.5, slightly cool to cool; 23 C, PMV = 0, neutral; 29 C, PMV = +1.5, slightly warm to warm. Results indicate that people with multiple sclerosis have a wide range of responses to the three experimental conditions. The actual percentage dissatisfied was much higher than predicted by Fange's (1970) predicted percentage dissatisfied. Their preferred environment is slightly warmer than 23 C, PMV = 0, neutral. A subgroup of the population prefers an environment that is slightly cooler than 23 C. Further work is needed to qualify if their preferred environments match that of PMV+1 and PMV{minus}1 and to identify if any of the factors such as age, duration of disability, and medication affect the actual mean vote.
Fracture Energy, Fatigue and Creep Properties of Engineered Cementitious Composites Incorporating Fly Ash/Slag with Different Aggregates

This thesis investigates the influence of microsilica sand and local crushed sand, and different supplementary cementing materials on the mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composites (ECCs). ECC is a special type of high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composite with high ductility which exhibits strain-hardening and multiple-cracking behaviours in tension. The use of local aggregates in ECC production can lower its cost to mitigate the obstacles of wider commercial use. The experimental results showed that multiple-cracking behaviour was developed under fatigue loading for fly ash ECC (FA-ECC) mixtures, and the number of cracks was lower at both lower fatigue stress level and higher fatigue number of cycles. FA-ECC mixtures with silica sand exhibited higher deflection evolution under fatigue loading than FA-ECC mixtures with crushed sand. Based on the experimental results on link slab specimens, both FA-ECC mixtures with silica and crushed sands exhibited almost the same creep behaviour.
Item Analysis: The impact of distractor efficiency on the discrimination power of multiple choice items

Background Distractor efficiency of multiple choice item responses is a component of item analysis used by the examiners to to evaluate the credibility and functionality of the distractors.Objective To evaluate the impact of functionality (efficiency) of the distractors on difficulty and discrimination indices.Methods A cross-sectional study in which standard item analysis of an 80-item test consisted of A type MCQs was performed. Correlation and significance of variance among Difficulty index (DIF), discrimination index (DI), and distractor Efficiency (DE) were measured.Results There is a significant moderate positive correlation between difficulty index and distractor efficiency, which means there is a tendency for high difficulty index go with high distractor efficiency (and vice versa). A weak positive correlation between distractor efficiency and discrimination index.Conclusions Non-functional distractor can reduce discrimination power of multiple choice questions. More training and effort for construction of plausible options of MCQ items is essential for the validity and reliability of the tests.