Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serious Game with Electromyography Feedback and Physical Therapy in Young Children with Unilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy and Equinus Gait: A Prospective Open-Label Study

The clinical effects of a serious game with electromyography feedback (EMGs_SG) and physical therapy (PT) was investigated prospectively in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (USCP). An additional aim was to better understand the influence of muscle shortening on function. Thirty children with USCP (age 7.6 ± 2.1 years) received four weeks of EMGs_SG sessions 2×/week including repetitive, active alternating training of dorsi- and plantar flexors in a seated position. In addition, each child received usual PT treatment ≤ 2×/week, involving plantar flexor stretching and command strengthening on dorsi- and plantar flexors. Five-Step Assessment parameters, including preferred gait velocity (normalized by height); plantar flexor extensibility (XV1); angle of catch (XV3); maximal active ankle dorsiflexion (XA); and derived coefficients of shortening, spasticity, and weakness for both soleus and gastrosoleus complex (GSC) were compared pre and post treatment (t-tests). Correlations were explored between the various coefficients and gait velocities at baseline. After four weeks of EMGs_SG + PT, there was an increase in normalized gait velocity from 0.72 ± 0.13 to 0.77 ± 0.13 m/s (p = 0.025, d = 0.43), a decrease in coefficients of shortening (soleus, 0.10 ± 0.07 pre vs. 0.07 ± 0.08 post, p = 0.004, d = 0.57; GSC 0.16 ± 0.08 vs. 0.13 ± 0.08, p = 0.003, d = 0.58), spasticity (soleus 0.14 ± 0.06 vs. 0.12 ± 0.07, p = 0.02, d = 0.46), and weakness (soleus 0.14 ± 0.07 vs. 0.11 ± 0.07, p = 0.005, d = 0.55). At baseline, normalized gait velocity correlated with the coefficient of GSC shortening (R = −0.43, p = 0.02). Four weeks of EMGs_SG and PT were associated with improved gait velocity and decreased plantar flexor shortening. A randomized controlled trial comparing EMGs_SG and conventional PT is needed.
Unlocking Digital Marketing Potential: Harnessing Big Data for Strategic Insight and Competitive Advantage

The rapid evolution of the digital landscape has transformed the way businesses engage with their audience. At the heart of this transformation lies big data, an invaluable resource that has redefined digital marketing. This paper explores the significant role of big data in unlocking the potential of digital marketing. It delves into how businesses collect and analyse big data, emphasizing data sources and analytics tools. The strategic implications of harnessing big data in digital marketing are discussed, highlighting segmentation and targeting, content personalization, real-time optimization, and data-driven decision-making. Moreover, the paper underscores the competitive advantage that businesses gain through big data, focusing on customer-centric marketing, real-time adaptation, optimized resource allocation, data-driven decision-making, and anticipating market shifts. In the ever-changing digital landscape, the ability to harness big data is more than just a data-driven evolution; it's the key to establishing a profound and sustained competitive edge.
The Future of Energy: Analyzing the Topography of Solar Cells

Efficiency is a major focus of solar cell research. Previous research has been conducted showing a connection between the topography of a solar cell and its efficiency using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Researchers have investigated the effects different production processes have on efficiency as well as the efficiency involving different solutions of donor and acceptor layers of one type of solar panel. This paper focuses on the use of AFM to characterize the topography of both crystalline and organic solar cells. A connection between a solar cell’s surface area and efficiency is investigated.
Smoking and the Risk of Pneumonia: Research on the Impact of Tobacco on the Immune System of the Respiratory System

: This study retrospectively analyzes the impact of smoking on the composition ratio of respiratory pathogens and their drug sensitivity results in lung cancer patients with concurrent pneumonia. It aims to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of antibiotics in the clinical treatment of lung cancer patients with concurrent pneumonia.The study collected clinical data from hospitalized patients diagnosed with lung cancer and concurrent pneumonia from January 2018 to December 2022. Information on lung cancer patients with positive respiratory pathogen cultures was obtained, and a retrospective analysis of their clinical cases was conducted to assess their smoking status. The patients were then divided into smoking and non-smoking groups for comparison, and the composition ratio of respiratory pathogens and differences in drug sensitivity results were analyzed. Among the 287 lung cancer patients with concurrent pneumonia, the sputum culture results in the smoking group showed a significantly higher detection rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus (P<0.05). However, the detection rate of Staphylococcus epidermidis was lower in the smoking group compared to the non-smoking group. There were no statistically significant differences between the smoking and non-smoking groups in the detection of Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas putida, Burkholderia cepacia, Burkholderia gladioli, and Burkholderia pseudomallei. The detection rate of Candida albicans was higher in both groups, with a significantly higher detection rate in the smoking group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the smoking and non-smoking groups in the detection of Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida tropicalis. Additionally, there were no significant differences in the drug resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to commonly used antibacterial drugs between the smoking and non-smoking groups.Smoking
An Empirical Study on the Short-term Impact of the Environmental Protection Fee-to-Tax Reform on Corporate Investment Efficiency

This paper uses non-financial A-share listed companies in China from 2010 to 2020 as research samples, utilizing the quasi-natural experiment conducted through the implementation of the "Environmental Protection Tax Law". The study investigates the short-term impact of the environmental protection fee-to-tax policy on corporate investment efficiency using a generalized difference-in-differences approach. The results indicate that the implementation of the environmental protection fee-to-tax policy significantly suppresses corporate investment efficiency in the short term and increases firms' inefficient investment. Furthermore, it is found that the policy exacerbates the problem of corporate overinvestment, whereas its impact on underinvestment is not significant. After conducting robustness tests by substituting the dependent variables, the conclusion remains valid. Subsequent heterogeneity analysis was conducted, differentiating between state-owned controlling enterprises and non-state-owned controlling enterprises based on the proportion of state capital, compared to state-owned controlling enterprises, the impact of the policy is more significant on non-state-owned controlling enterprises; Additionally, the policy effects across different economic regions of China were analyzed, revealing that the policy's effect is most significant in the eastern region, significant in the western region, but not significant in the central region. The conclusions of this study further enrich the empirical evidence of the micro-effects of environmental regulation, extending the research on the effects of the environmental fee-to-tax policy, and also provide suggestions for policymakers to formulate effective market-incentive-based environmental regulatory policies.
Planificador estratégico para operaciones de rescate mediante vehículos terrestres no tripulados

espanolEl despliegue de plataformas roboticas como apoyo a la gestion de situaciones de emergencia constituye un reto que persigue mejorar la eficiencia en misiones de busqueda y rescate. Este articulo propone un planificador estrategico para el rescate de victimas mediante un equipo de robots terrestres. Este sistema inteligente permitira planificar las trayectorias para acceder a las victimas de acuerdo con su ubicacion y prioridad de asistencia medica (triaje). Para la planificacion se propone una nueva variante del algoritmo “ fast marching method” (FMM). En este trabajo se ofrecen resultados preliminares mediante un ejemplo de aplicacion en condiciones simuladas. EnglishThe deployment of robotic platforms in support of emergency management is a challenge that seeks to improve efficiency in search and rescue missions. This paper proposes a strategic planner for the rescue of victims with a team of ground robots. The purpose of this intelligent system is planning the routes to access a number of victims according to their location and priority of medical assistance (i.e., triage). In particular, this paper offers work in progress regarding a new anisotropic variant of the fast marching method (FMM). Furthermore, preliminary results illustrate the application under simulated conditions.
ADVANCEMENT IN THE TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, 2023

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extracellular amyloid β deposition and intercellular neurofibrillary tangles. AD is a complex disease with a strong genetic component, and it is classified into three phases by the Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA): pre-pathology, plaque formation, and neural destruction. A number of therapeutic agents have been developed to reduce AD pathology and improve cognition. Objectives: The objective of this paper was to review recent advancements in AD treatment and cure. Methodology: A literature search was conducted using the keywords "therapeutic developments for AD" and "natural products as a drug for AD. " Publications related to AD were retrieved, and the NCBI Clinical trial database was also searched to check drug status. Results: Monoclonal antibodies against amyloid β plaques, tau protein, and microtubule-associated protein have shown positive results in animal models, but they have failed in clinical trials. This is likely due to the fact that these antibodies are designed to target specific proteins that are not always present in the human brain. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this review, it is suggested that medicines based on natural extracts and combination therapy would be least toxic and more effective than single therapy. This is because combination therapy targets multiple pathways involved in AD pathogenesis. There is also a dire need to initiate AD research in Pakistan and facilitate the Pakistani community in early diagnosis and cure.
NMR Untargeted and HPLC-MS/MS Targeted Metabolomic Approaches for Evaluating Styrene Exposure in the Urine of Shipyard Workers

Due to its chemical properties, styrene is largely employed in the manufacturing of several products including rubber, polymers and resins, and it is particularly suitable for shipbuilding industry purposes. In this context, the main exposure to styrene occurs in occupational settings. Despite its widespread use, its long-term effects on human health at the occupational level are still unclear. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate changes in styrene exposure biomarkers related to the metabolic and oxidative stress profiles in the urine of seventeen shipyard workers and seventeen non-exposed subjects. Urinary metabolites were assessed by means of NMR spectroscopy, including mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids; four oxidative stress biomarkers, namely 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine, and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine and 3-nitrotyrosine, were evaluated via HPLC-MS/MS. The metabolic profiles of exposed workers showed both long- and short-term metabolic responses to styrene exposure compared to non-exposed subjects. From the comparison between non-exposed and before-shift workers, only 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine levels were significantly different (long term exposure response). At the same time, comparing the non-exposed group with after-shift workers, we observed lower levels of pseudouridine and 1-methylnicotinamide and higher glutamine levels in after-shift workers. The comparison between before-shift and after-shift workers showed that 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine significantly increased after the shift, suggesting its involvement in the exposure to styrene (short-term exposure response). The obtained results, although preliminary, allow us to lay the basis for further human studies aimed at establishing a global understanding of styrene metabolism.
(Non)Resonance Bonds in Molecular Dynamics Simulations: A Case Study concerning C60 Fullerenes

In the case of certain chemical compounds, especially organic ones, electrons can be delocalized between different atoms within the molecule. These resulting bonds, known as resonance bonds, pose a challenge not only in theoretical descriptions of the studied system but also present difficulties in simulating such systems using molecular dynamics methods. In computer simulations of such systems, it is often common practice to use fractional bonds as an averaged value across equivalent structures, known as a resonance hybrid. This paper presents the results of the analysis of five forms of C60 fullerene polymorphs: one with all bonds being resonance, three with all bonds being integer (singles and doubles in different configurations), one with the majority of bonds being integer (singles and doubles), and ten bonds (within two opposite pentagons) valued at one and a half. The analysis involved the Shannon entropy value for bond length distributions and the eigenfrequency of intrinsic vibrations (first vibrational mode), reflecting the stiffness of the entire structure. The maps of the electrostatic potential distribution around the investigated structures are presented and the dipole moment was estimated. Introducing asymmetry in bond redistribution by incorporating mixed bonds (integer and partial), in contrast to variants with equivalent bonds, resulted in a significant change in the examined observables.
Estrous characteristics and steroid concentrations in Aceh cows (Bos indicus) after estrus synchronization using prostaglandin F2a

Abstract. Hafizuddin, Husnurrizal, Thasmi CN, Herrialfian, Salsabil NL, Siregar TN, Sutriana A. 2024. Estrous characteristics and steroid concentrations in Aceh cows (Bos indicus) after estrus synchronization using prostaglandin F2a. Biodiversitas 25: 322-328. This study aims to determine the estrous characteristics and steroid concentrations during estrus in Aceh cattle after estrus synchronization using prostaglandin F2a. This study involved 9 Aceh cows with good reproductive status, not pregnant, and has shown at least 2 regular cycles, which were divided into 3 treatment groups. The first group (GI) received a single injection treatment, the second group (G2) received a double injection treatment with an interval of 10 days, and the third group (G3) was also treatment double injection with an interval of 12 days. Symptoms and responses to estrus were reported descriptively, and the data collected on onset, intensity, and duration of estrus were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan's test. The results showed that estrus symptoms were almost similar and estrus response was 100% in all three treatment groups. The onset of estrus in G1, G2, and G3 did not differ significantly (P>0.05) with values of 68.00±18.33, 60.00±0.00, and 72.00±24.00 hours, respectively. The intensity of estrus in G1, G2, and G3 showed significant differences (P<0.05) with scores of 3.00±0.00, 5.00±0.00 and 4.33±1.15, respectively. The duration of estrus showed no significant difference in G1, G2, and G3 (P>0.05) with durations of 32.00±18.33, 72.00±0.00, and 52.00±38.57 hours, respectively. The concentrations of estradiol and progesterone obtained also showed no significant differences (P>0.05) in G1, G2, and G3, with respective concentrations of 91.67±24.77, 132.00±23.15, 89.47±24.19 pg/mL and 0.98±0.59, 0.86±0.18, 1.00±0.17 ng/mL. In conclusion, estrus synchronization with PGF2a single injection and double injection in Aceh cattle was found to have 100% estrus response. However, PGF2a with double injection showed higher estrus intensity compared to single injection. In Aceh cows, the recommended protocol for estrus synchronization using PGF2a is double injection.
Statistical Insights: Analyzing Shock Models, Reliability Operations and Testing Exponentiality for NBRUmgf Class of Life Distributions

This study deals with a novel category of life distributions called the new better than renewal used in moment generating function (NBRUmgf) class. It delves into the connections between this form of aging and established aging categories, along with its relevance in a shock model. Additionally, it explores how this aging concept remains consistent through certain reliability operations which is consider a very important tool in reliability engineering. The research computes Pitman's asymptotic efficiencies for this testing procedure, comparing them with alternative methods. Furthermore, the study furnishes a comprehensive table of percentiles for the test statistic associated with this proposed method. Furthermore, in order to showcase the relevance of the study's conclusions, we utilize distinct real-world datasets, which illustrate the effectiveness of our test across various types of real data.
Evaluation of Hyperspectral Reflectance Parameters to Assess the Leaf Water Content in Soybean

Nondestructive assessment of water content and water stress in plants is an important component in the rational use of crop irrigation management in precision agriculture. Spectral measurements of light reflectance in the UV/VIS/NIR region (350–1075 nm) from individual leaves were acquired under a rapid dehydration protocol for validation of the remote sensing water content assessment in soybean plants. Four gravimetrical approaches of leaf water content assessment were used: relative water content (RWC), foliar water content as percent of total fresh mass (FWCt), foliar water content as percent of dry mass (FWCd), and equivalent water thickness (EWT). Leaf desiccation resulted in changes in optical properties with increasing relative reflectance at wavelengths between 580 and 700 nm. The highest positive correlations were observed for the relations between the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and EWT (rP = 0.860). Data analysis revealed that the specific water absorption band at 970 nm showed relatively weaker sensitivity to water content parameters. The prediction of leaf water content parameters from PRI measurements was better with RMSEs of 12.4% (rP = 0.786), 9.1% (rP = 0.736), and 0.002 (rP = 0.860) for RWC, FWCt, and EWT (p < 0.001), respectively. The results may contribute to more efficient crop water management and confirmed that EWT has a statistically closer relationship with reflectance indices than other monitored water parameters.
Evolution of sand encroachment using supervised classification of Landsat data during the period 1987–2011 in a part of Laâyoune-Tarfaya basin of Morocco

Abstract The study anticipated to understand sand encroachment evolution through analysis of sand contribution across space and time using remote sensing in Laâyoune-Tarfaya basin, Morocco, over the period from 1987 to 2011. The assessment based on supervised classifications of Landsat imagery orthorectified data, using Maximum Likelihood (ML), Minimum Distance (MD) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers. In order to ameliorate the information, principal components analysis (PCA) and co-occurrence measurement algorithm were used for choosing bands and data transformation. Images differencing was applied on image pairs derived from classification to analyze sand encroachment evolution. All classifiers present enhanced performances, and revealed that area covered by sand was increased by 7%, 4.66% and 4.59% for ML, MD and SVM, respectively. Consequently, images differencing results confirmed that sand material increasing arise not only from coastal area contribution but also mostly from erosion of complicated sand dunes exist in the middle part of the studied area. Evaluating of the presented phenomenon dimensions and its consequences are extremely important to increase the local authorities awareness and mainly for avoiding or minimizing the consequences of the future sand dunes threats.
Zircon U–Pb geochronology, Hf isotopes, and whole‐rock geochemistry of Hongshuihe Early to Middle Triassic quartz diorites and granites in the Eastern Kunlun Orogen, NW China: Implication for petrogenesis and geodynamics

The Hongshuihe area of Eastern Kunlun Orogen is well‐known for the BIF‐type deposits. Some widespread intrusive rocks in the northern Hongshuihe area were previously thought to be emplaced in the Hercynian. This article presents LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb ages, with LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS in situ Hf isotopes and major and trace element data for quartz diorites and granites of the Hongshuihe pluton. Two samples from the Hongshuihe quartz diorite and granite yielded a weighted mean zircon U–Pb age of 244 ± 2 Ma (Anisian) and 246 ± 1 Ma (Olenekian), respectively. The Hongshuihe subalkaline quartz diorite is metaluminous with the alumina saturation index values of 0.93–1.00, and high SiO2 contents of 59.67–65.51 wt. %, low Y values of 11.1–16.7 ppm, and low HREE (Yb = 1.08–1.83 ppm) that collectively suggest high‐SiO2 adakite‐like rocks. The Hongshuihe granites have slightly high alkali contents of 7.04–8.12 wt. %, alumina saturation index values of 1.01–1.03, low (Zr + Nb + Ce + Y) contents of 315.30–455.50 ppm, and high Fe2O3T/MgO ratios of 4.03–5.16, indicating fractionated I‐type normal island arc magma. The zircon εHf(t) values from −4.0 to −1.1 for the Hongshuihe quartz diorite sample and values from −2.4 to +1.7 for the granite sample correspond to partial melting of Mesoproterozoic thickened lower crust and partial melting of juvenile mantle‐derived mafic lower crust, respectively. We conclude that during the Early–Middle Triassic, the Eastern Kunlun area underwent a tectonic setting of the northward subduction of the Palaeo‐Tethys oceanic slabs.
Análise do perfil vertical e de propriedades de nuvens e aerossóis na Amazônia

The Earth’s climate system is governed by the interaction between the solar radiation and various elements present in the atmosphere and on the surface. Between these factors, we highlight the role that clouds play in this process due to its high land cover, which reaches an average of three-quarters of the globe. All process are closely related to the amount of clouds, its optical thickness and the wavelength of the radiation. The system response may vary with any of these conditions. Another factor that influences the characteristics of clouds at the earth’s radiative balance is the atmospheric aerosol. Its presence in the atmosphere can either increase the ground temperature or decrease it, depending on the type of aerosol, quantity, spatial distribution and radiation with which it is interacting. It also participates in cloud formation by acting as clouds condensation nuclei in supersaturated atmosphere, facilitating water vapor clumping around itself. As the variability of aerosols in the atmosphere is, in general, very high since its interaction with the radiation varies with the wavelength, the precise determination of its effect on the earth radiative balance is impaired. These cited cases show the enormous complexity in understanding the relationships involving these two elements.