Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radiative effect and climate impacts of brown carbon with the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5)

Abstract. A recent development in the representation of aerosols in climate models is the realization that some components of organic aerosol (OA), emitted from biomass and biofuel burning, can have a significant contribution to shortwave radiation absorption in the atmosphere. The absorbing fraction of OA is referred to as brown carbon (BrC). This study introduces one of the first implementations of BrC into the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5), using a parameterization for BrC absorptivity described in Saleh et al. (2014). Nine-year experiments are run (2003–2011) with prescribed emissions and sea surface temperatures to analyze the effect of BrC in the atmosphere. Model validation is conducted via model comparison to single-scatter albedo and aerosol optical depth from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). This comparison reveals a model underestimation of single scattering albedo (SSA) in biomass burning regions for both default and BrC model runs, while a comparison between AERONET and the model absorption Ångström exponent shows a marked improvement with BrC implementation. Global annual average radiative effects are calculated due to aerosol–radiation interaction (REari; 0.13±0.01 W m−2) and aerosol–cloud interaction (REaci; 0.01±0.04 W m−2). REari is similar to other studies' estimations of BrC direct radiative effect, while REaci indicates a global reduction in low clouds due to the BrC semi-direct effect. The mechanisms for these physical changes are investigated and found to correspond with changes in global circulation patterns. Comparisons of BrC implementation approaches find that this implementation predicts a lower BrC REari in the Arctic regions than previous studies with CAM5. Implementation of BrC bleaching effect shows a significant reduction in REari (0.06±0.008 W m−2). Also, variations in OA density can lead to differences in REari and REaci, indicating the importance of specifying this property when estimating the BrC radiative effects and when comparing similar studies.
Effect of application of betel leaf extract gel on enamel surface roughness

This study was conducted to determine the effect of application of betel leaf extract gel at different concentrations on enamel surface roughness. We treated 18 bovine enamels with betel leaf extract gel at 15%, 25%, and 25% concentrations every 4 min for 20 min, 40 min, and 44 min. We found a decrease in surface roughness with the application of 15% and 35% betel leaf extract gel for 20 and 40 min and an increase after 44 min. With the application of 25% betel leaf extract gel, we found an increase after 20 min but a decrease after 40 and 44 min. We conclude that betel leaf extract gel affects the surface roughness of tooth enamel. The most effective application was with 15% betel leaf extract gel for 3 months.
Histone deacetylation

Histone posttranslational modifications are essential for the control of gene expression , chromatin structure, and genome integrity. Genome-wide histone modifications induce changes in large-scale chromatin structure leading to the formation of distinct chromosomal domains that are heritable through mitosis and essential for cell division. Transmission of epigenetic information during mitosis is required for the faithful inheritance of transcriptional programs and for maintenance of cell identity. 1 importantly, genome integrity is also maintained through a series of mitotic histone modifications that coordinate higher-order chromosome structure and accurate chromosome segregation. 1 Global histone deacetylation is an important mechanism that takes place during the transition of the interphase nucleus into mitosis and is essential to regulate proper chromosome condensation, coordinate chromosome–microtubule interaction and to ensure faithful chromosome segregation. 2 Histone deacetylation is also prominent during meiosis onset in the mammalian oocyte, where it constitutes an important developmental transition in preparation for meiotic chromosome segregation. 3,4 The functional significance of this mechanism for the establishment of accurate chromo-some–microtubule interactions and for proper chromosome segregation during the 2 critical meiotic divisions in the mam-malian female gamete has been well documented. However, the specific chromatin remodeling enzymes involved as well as the mechanisms responsible for regulating this important developmental transition remain to be determined. Until now, several histone deacetylases have been involved in this process. Notably, current evidence reveals that this global chromatin-remodeling mechanism exhibits distinct strategies in the female germ line. 3 Genome-wide histone deacetylation at multiple lysine residues of histones H3 and H4 has been implicated in the establishment of critical chromatin marks and recruitment of key regulatory proteins required for chromosome structure and function. 1 The experimental evidence obtained until now indicates that histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is the principal enzyme inducing global deacetylation in somatic cells. shortly after prophase, HDAC3 forms a complex with A-kinase-anchoring proteins , AKAP95 and HA95, to become associated with mitotic chromosomes, where it is required for global deacetylation of histone H3 and H4. 6 in contrast, HDAC2 seems to be the enzyme largely responsible for inducing global deacet-ylation of histone H4 in mouse oocytes, specifically at lysine 16 (H4K16Ac). 7 loss of HDAC2 function induces defects in chromosome condensation and segregation in maturing oocytes, and mutant females exhibit subfertil-ity. 7 However, the protein complexes required for the association of HDACs with the chro-matin template during the G 2 /M transition in mammalian oocytes remain to be determined. …
Antibacterial activity of muscle wall extracts of sea cucumber (Stichopus horrens) from Chabahar coastal area, Iran, against pathogenic bacteria in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the muscle wall extracts of sea cucumber, Stichopus horrens, against Lactococcus garvieae, Streptococcus iniae, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Yersinia ruckeri bacteria in rainbow trout using the disk-diffusion and well-diffusion methods. In this study, nine sea cucumbers (with the mean weight of 1690 ± 12.18 g) were randomly obtained from two locations in Chabahar Bay, Iran in November 2018. The muscle wall of the body was extracted with each of the ethyl acetate, methanol, and acetone organic solvents. The antibacterial activities of extracts were determined. Only the ethyl acetate extracts of S. horrens in the concentrations at 8 and 12 mg/mL had an inhibitory effect on all the examined bacteria. Y. ruckeri and A . hydrophila bacteria were sensitive to the acetone extracts. The best property was recorded with the S.horrens ethyl acetate extracts, with the MIC value of 0.625 mg/mL against S. iniae and L. garvieae. The MIC values ranging from 0.626 to 1.25 mg/mL were also displayed with the acetone extracts against Y. ruckeri and A. hydrophila, respectively. In conclusion, the ethyl acetate extracts of S. horrens displayed the best spectrum of bactericidal effect obtained from four bacteria strains examined.
EEF1A Acts as A Promising Novel Bio-Marker in the Prognosis of Patients With Cholangiocarcinoma

Background: The morbidity and mortality of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is increasing in recent years. EEF1A2 could regulate multiple biological and pathological processes. Our study was designed to investigate the clinical significance of eEF1A2 for prognosis evaluation in CCA.Methods: The quantitative analysis for eEF1A2 in CCA specimens was performed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The influences of eEF1A2 expression on disease progression and survival of CCA patients were analyzed by Chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier method, respectively. Additionally, cox regression analyses were adopted to identify the potential predictive biomarker for prognosis of CCA.Results: eEF1A2 expression showed increased tendency in CCA tissues (P<0.05). The expression profile of eEF1A2 was positively correlated with TNM stage (P=0.004), lymph node metastasis (P=0.001) and distant metastasis (P=0.001). In addition, high eEF1A2 expression predicted dismal survival among CCA cases (P<0.05). EEF1A2 might be independently correlated with prognosis of CCA (HR=2.724, 95%CI=1.303-5.964, P=0.008). Conclusions: eEF1A2 may act as a predictive biomarker for clinical outcomes of CCA.
Lateral Shared Sliding Mode Control for Lane Keeping Assist System in Steer-by-Wire Vehicles: Theory and Experiments

The lane-keeping assistance design for steer-by-wire road vehicles is a multi-objective control problem that addresses lane tracking, improvement of driver comfort and ensuring vehicle stability. The designed architecture must be sensitive to various driver behaviors, provide assistance to drivers whenever required and ensure a smooth transition of authority between manual and automated driving modes. In this work, we propose a novel shared lane-keeping controller-based on quasi-continuous high-order sliding mode control dealing with the above challenges. The parameters of the controller are characterized by an upper bound estimate of the lateral wind’s force and the road curvature which acts as disturbances. Using the sharing parameter dependent on the monitored driver attribute, the authority is smoothly transitioned between various modes while accounting for driver behaviors. Experimental results on the SHERPA vehicle simulator shows the real-time implementation feasibility. Extensive results and discussions are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and the applicability of the proposed controller.
WATER MANAGEMENT AND METHANE EMISSION FROM RICE FIELDS IN AN GIANG PROVINCE, VIET NAM

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of irrigated water management to CH 4 emission from the paddy fields. It was designed with (1) continuous flooding (CF) and (2) alternate for wetting and drying (AWD) which the water level was controlled + 5 cm and ± 5 cm than the soil surface, respectively at Cho Moi, Chau Thanh, Thoai Son and Tri Ton districts of An Giang province. The soil samples were collected to determine their physico-chemical properties. CH 4 was collected weekly during the rice cultivation, and the rice yield was determined at the harvest. The results showed that pH 4.55 – 5.93, EC 105 – 175 µS. cm- 1 , organic matter 3.21 – 3.94 %, CEC 25.05 – 33.33 cmol.kg -1 of the soil were suitable for rice growth. The average rice yield was about 4.5 - 6.52 ton.ha -1 . CH 4 emissions of the AWD decreased 59.1 % compared to the CF which was 14.6 mg C-CH 4 . m -2 . h -1 . Therefore, the AWD is better than the CF in term of reducing CH 4 emissions to the environment.
Concentrations of Selected Phthalate Esters in Surface Dust in Omani Houses

People stay most of the time indoor in humid climatic countries. Since synthetic materials especially plastics occupies our living rooms, indoor-accumulated dust is a health concern. Indoor surface dust samples were collected from living room of households in the city of Muscat, Oman. Samples were analyzed to identify 6 different species of phthalates using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Total phthalates concentration ranged from 0.01 to 1864.58 μg/g. Di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) was the predominant species contributing to more than 80% of the identified phthalates followed by di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The presence of high concentration of DNOP in surface dust samples probably may reflect the carpet usage in Omani houses. The species of phthalates reported in this study are not comparable to those from studies conducted in other countries.
The Importance of Respecting the Psychological Contract by Managers

The paper wants to be an alarm signal that non-compliance with the psychological contract by managers can negatively affect the organizational climate. The paper starts with a selection of the most important aspects of the literature on the psychological contract. The results of this study from secondary sources are interpreted in terms of the current socio-economic context, showing the possible negative influences of economic crises and pandemics such as COVID-19 on compliance with the psychological contract in organizations. The situations of violation of the psychological contract by the management can be numerous in this context. Therefore, the paper then presents an exploratory research conducted online, the respondents being employed in various companies in the Sibiu County (Romania). The main objectives of the research were to find out the importance of the psychological contract for employees and how it is or is not respected by managers. The results showed that the psychological contract is very important for respondents, but their perceptions of compliance with it are influenced by the crises faced by the organization. Another important conclusion shows that, in the opinion of the employees, many managers from the organizations in Sibiu County do not respect the psychological contract.
On the Advantages of Symmetrical Over Asymmetrical Multiphase AC Drives With Even Phase Number Using Direct Controllers

Multiphase electric drives offer attractive advantages over conventional three-phase systems. Some of the benefits are shared by all multiphase configurations, but the performance can be highly affected by the specific location of the stator windings. While the asymmetrical configuration has been traditionally a popular choice, the symmetrical disposition in even-phase machines has a main advantage: it is possible to generate <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\boldsymbol{\alpha }}$</tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\boldsymbol{\beta }}$</tex-math></inline-formula> voltages without any contribution in different <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\boldsymbol{x}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\boldsymbol{y}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> subspaces. This article explains and demonstrates this feature for the general case of distributed-winding symmetrical <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\boldsymbol{n}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-phase machines, with <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\boldsymbol{n}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> being an even number. Fortunately, direct controllers can benefit from this characteristic by exclusively selecting voltage states with only <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\boldsymbol{\alpha }}$</tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\boldsymbol{\beta }}$</tex-math></inline-formula> voltage production. To illustrate this capability, a finite-control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) using these special voltage states is also suggested in this work for symmetrical six-phase electric drives. This approach provides a greater simplicity and much less current distortion than in standard FCS-MPC for the asymmetrical configuration. Comparative experimental results confirm the minimal <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\boldsymbol{x}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\boldsymbol{y}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> injection of symmetrical configurations thanks to the proposed control actions (i.e., voltage states).
GEOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT FOR YOUNG TOURISTS BASED ON EDUCATION ASPECT IN TONGGING, KARO REGENCY

In recent years, the tourism industry is extremely competitive. Tourist destinations must continue to innovate to attract tourists currently dominated by young tourists who like to seek new knowledge and experiences. Besides innovating, tourist destinations must pay attention to environmental sustainability. One of the tourism concepts that prioritizes sustainability and provides new knowledge and experiences is geotourism. Geotourism is a tourism concept that used geodiversity, biodiversity, and cultural diversity as a tourist attraction that can also educate tourists where its management prioritizes environmental sustainability. Tongging is one part of the UGG Geopark Caldera Toba, which many young tourists currently visit. However, the application of geotourism in Tongging is still minimal, especially the educational aspect. Therefore, this paper aims to develop the concept of geotourism that can be applied to young tourists in Tongging based on the educational aspect. Elements of education, promotion and interpretation, were analyzed using descriptive analysis using a mixed method by conducting field observations, distributing questionnaires, and interviews. This study shows that the use of social media in the promotion and innovative interpretation can increase the development of geotourism for young tourists based on educational aspects, which are currently still not optimal.
Silver Doped TiO2 Photocatalyst for Methyl Orange Degradation

The photocatalytic efficiency of nanocrystalline TiO2 is strongly influenced by light sources and recombination of photoinduced electrons and holes. It is known that TiO2 doped with Ag has self-sterilizing and self-cleaning effects. A study has been carried out on the photocatalytic behavior of silver modified titanium dioxide for decomposition of methyl orange after UV black lamps and solar irradiation treatment. The base nanoparticles were standard photocatalyst TiO2 (P25). AgNO3 aqueous solution with the presence of TiO2 were irradiated with UV black lamps and reduced Ag doped the surface of the TiO2 nanoparticles. The silver modified titanium dioxide particles were studied by XRD and TEM. Silver ions (Ag) were reduced to Ag as shown by the XRD. Silver particles of about 10 nm in size were detected on the surface of the TiO2 and partially in the aqueous solution. The presence of Ag on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles, after UV black lamps and solar irradiation, highly increased the photocatyalytic activity in comparison to the photocatalyst P25. This is explained with the reduced recombination of electrons and holes in the presence of Ag.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, LEVERAGE, DAN KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL TERHADAP INCOME SMOOTHING: STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN PENERBANGAN TERBAIK ASIA

Airlines company particularly Asia’s airlines has dealing hard timesespecially when global crisis in 2008, that impacts towards aviation. Companieswould do anything to maintain their existence. One of them is toperform income smoothing practices. An evidence found that one of the topairlines companies according to SKYTRAX has been performing incomesmoothing practices in the year of 2018, that was PT Garuda Indonesia.This indicating that others top airlines companies as well potentially performingincome smoothing to maintain companies wholeness and evenachieving to be top Asia’s airlines companies. This research aims to determinefactors that influence the income smoothing practice in Asia’s topairlines companies. The variable used in this research are profitability, leverage,and institutional ownership. This research used quantitative approachwith the use of multiple linear regression analysis technique. This researchused 2008-2018 annual report period observed from eleven Asia’s airlinescompanies. The sampling method used in this research is purposive samplingwith 121 data. The results show that profitability, leverage, and institutionalownership have a negative effect on income smoothing.
Prototypical Network for Radar Image Recognition with Few Samples

At present, deep learning has surpassed humans in recognition tasks, but its performance strongly depends on sufficient training samples. When the training samples are extremely insufficient, overfitting also will damage the performance of network, despite the use of fine-tuning methods. One-shot learning (OSL) is proposed to overcome the difficulties of training neural networks while having almost no samples, which is a common situation in radar image recognition. This paper introduced OSL into recognition of some radar targets whose labelled images are seriously limited, and proposed an OSL method with prototypical networks based on the assumption that functions of the network trained with auxiliary samples also affects samples to be identified. The method of this paper involves image preprocessing, building of linearly separable feature space and feature vector clustering. Experiments on MSTAR dataset show that the performance of our method is better than deep transfer learning when the training samples in the target domain are seriously deficient.
A Design of Telemetry System for Small Animals

The external unit of small telemetry system for animals uses inductive link to transmit both data and power to a small implant. In this work, firstly, we have presented a wideband frequency shift keying (FSK) transmitter, which is a class E power amplifier (PA) switches between two load networks that make the PA tuned correctly at tow input clock frequencies. Carrier frequencies used for data modulation are 5MHz/10MHz, the data rate of the proposed link is 2.5 Mbps. On the other hand, the analog circuits of the internal unit are designed in this paper. Internal unit has a demodulator circuit to derive directly a frequency clock from the FSK carrier and to sample the binary data stream. It also has a low power generator circuit to generate the supply voltage to the other blocks. The low power generator is composed of a high efficiency, low power rectifier, and a low power voltage regulator. To minimize the quiescent current of the regulator, we propose a control section which is a two-stage error amplifier to control the gate voltage of the PMOS transistors used in the differential pair of the voltage regulator and thus stabilize the direct current (DC) level at its output signal (Vreg). The output voltage of the proposed generator circuit is regulated at 1V, the quiescent current simulated is about 9. 9μA and the line regulation performance is only 8mV/V. All circuits proposed in this paper were designed and simulated using Cadence in 180 nm CMOS technology.
FeFET-Based Binarized Neural Networks Under Temperature-Dependent Bit Errors

Ferroelectric FET (FeFET) is a highly promising emerging non-volatile memory (NVM) technology, especially for binarized neural network (BNN) inference on the low-power edge. The reliability of such devices, however, inherently depends on temperature. Hence, changes in temperature during run time manifest themselves as changes in bit error rates. In this work, we reveal the temperature-dependent bit error model of FeFET memories, evaluate its effect on BNN accuracy, and propose countermeasures. We begin on the transistor level and accurately model the impact of temperature on bit error rates of FeFET. This analysis reveals temperature-dependent asymmetric bit error rates. Afterwards, on the application level, we evaluate the impact of the temperature-dependent bit errors on the accuracy of BNNs. Under such bit errors, the BNN accuracy drops to unacceptable levels when no countermeasures are employed. We propose two countermeasures: (1) Training BNNs for bit error tolerance by injecting bit flips into the BNN data, and (2) applying a bit error rate assignment algorithm (BERA) which operates in a layer-wise manner and does not inject bit flips during training. In experiments, the BNNs, to which the countermeasures are applied to, effectively tolerate temperature-dependent bit errors for the entire range of operating temperature.