Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of known impacts of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) on marine mammals: data gaps and recommendations for researchers in the United States1

The development of advanced technologies to enhance conservation science often outpaces the abilities of wildlife managers to assess and ensure such new tools are safely used in proximity to wild animals. Recently, unmanned aerial systems (UAS) have become more accessible to civilian operators and are quickly being integrated into existing research paradigms to replace manned aircraft. Several federal statutes require scientists to obtain research permits to closely approach protected species of wildlife, such as marine mammals, but the lack of available information on the effects of UAS operations on these species has made it difficult to evaluate and mitigate potential impacts. Here, we present a synthesis of the current state of scientific understanding of the impacts of UAS usage near marine mammals. We also identify key data gaps that are currently limiting the ability of marine resource managers to develop appropriate guidelines, policies, or regulations for safe and responsible operation of UAS nea.
INTELLIGIBILITY VS READABILITY: UNDERSTANDABILITY MEASURES OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Decision-making is influenced by information, which must be understood so it can be useful. However, measuring understandability is not a simple task. Previous studies use readability metrics as proxies for understandability, but readability is a shallow metric ignoring discourse and language components. This research analyzes the notes to the financial statements using intelligibility metrics, an alternative to readability measures. Our sample comprised 44 Brazilian firms that presented their Portuguese notes (native language) and English (non-native) from 2012 to 2015. Focusing on the notes of Financial Instruments and Provisions, we found that, for most indexes where firms had worse readability levels, they showed better intelligibility levels. It indicates that both metrics measure different things. Our results also indicated that language impacts these metrics and that firms did not improve their information quality after the guideline OCPC 07 from the Brazilian Accounting Standards Committee.
Sustainable Development Innovation “The Effect of Flexible HRM Behavior on SME Innovation”

Through the results of the 2020 Higher Education grant research, shows the need for sustainable innovation development in SMEs through the development of the competence of creative resources owned by SMEs. These resources need support from human resource management, because it is a business strategy that effectively supports innovation. This study aims to determine the effect of flexible human resources, innovative work behavior and SME innovation. Researched as many as 100 SMEs creative products spread across the province of Banten. The study used convenience sampling as a sample. The data collection technique was by distributing questionnaires by directly coming to SMEs. Analysis using smart PLS. The results of the study show that flexible resource management has a positive and significant effect on SME innovation, and on innovative work behavior. Flexible human resource management has no positive and insignificant effect on SME innovation with innovative work behavior as a mediating variable. Innovative work behavior has a positive and significant effect on SME innovation.
Cervical cancer elimination in the era of COVID-19: the potential role of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-guided digital colposcope cloud platform

1School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, 116044 Dalian, Liaoning, China 2School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730 Beijing, China *Correspondence: xuepeng_pumc@foxmail.com (Peng Xue); qiaoy@cicams.ac. cn (Youlin Qiao) †These authors contributed equally. Academic Editor: Enrique Hernandez Submitted: 19 November 2021 Revised: 12 December 2021 Accepted: 14 December 2021 Published: 15 February 2022
Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Similarity Query With Access Control in eHealthcare

Similarity queries, giving a way to disease diagnosis based on similar patients, have wide applications in eHealthcare and are essentially demanded to be processed under fine-grained access policies due to the high sensitivity of healthcare data. One efficient and flexible way to implement such queries is to outsource healthcare data and the corresponding query services to a powerful cloud. Nevertheless, considering data privacy, healthcare data are usually outsourced in an encrypted form and required to be accessed in a privacy-preserving way. In the past years, many schemes have been proposed for privacy-preserving similarity queries. However, none of them is applicable to achieve data access control and access pattern privacy preservation. Aiming at this challenge, we propose an efficient and access pattern privacy-preserving similarity range query scheme with access control (named EPSim-AC). In our proposed scheme, we first design a novel tree structure, called <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-d-PB tree, to index healthcare data and introduce an efficient <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-d-PB tree based similarity query algorithm with access control. Second, to balance the search efficiency and access pattern privacy of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-d-PB tree, we also define a weakened access pattern privacy, called <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-d-PB tree’s <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-access pattern unlinkability. After that, we preserve the privacy of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-d-PB tree based similarity queries with access control through a symmetric homomorphic encryption scheme and present our detailed EPSim-AC scheme. Finally, we analyze the security of our scheme and also conduct extensive experiments to evaluate its performance. The results demonstrate that our scheme can guarantee <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-d-PB tree’s <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-access pattern unlinkability and has high efficiency.
Optimal Resource Allocation Considering Non-Uniform Spatial Traffic Distribution in Ultra-Dense Networks: A Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Approach

Recently, the demand for small cell base stations (SBSs) has been exploding to accommodate the explosive increase in mobile data traffic. In ultra-dense small cell networks (UDSCNs), because the spatial and temporal traffic distributions are significantly disproportionate, the efficient management of the energy consumption of SBSs is crucial. Therefore, we herein propose a multi-agent distributed Q-learning algorithm that maximizes energy efficiency (EE) while minimizing the number of outage users. Through intensive simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms conventional algorithms in terms of EE and the number of outage users. Even though the proposed reinforcement learning algorithm has significantly lower computational complexity than the centralized approach, it is shown that it can converge to the optimal solution.
The Winograd Schema Challenge: Are You Sure That We Are on the Right Track?

: In the past few years, the Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC), the task of resolving ambiguities in carefully-structured sentences, has received considerable interest. According to Levesque, what matters when it comes to the WSC is not a good semblance of intelligent behavior but the behavior itself. In this regard, the WSC has been proposed to understand human behavior as a challenge that could lead to the endowment of machines with commonsense reasoning abilities. Here, we argue that most systems developed so far have typically been designed and evaluated without considering the challenge’s purpose, emphasizing the semblance of intelligence rather than understanding human behavior itself. At the same time, we present an overview of systems developed so far along with a novel developmental-evaluation framework (WSC-Framework 01). The WSC-Framework offers guidelines on what we might need to do to move the ﬁeld towards the endowment of machines with commonsense reasoning to tackle Winograd schemas the way humans do.
Ge/SiGe quantum well for photonic applications: modelling of the quantum confined Stark effect

Ge quantum wells are emerging as a relevant material system for enabling fast and power-efficient optical modulation in the framework of Si-photonics. The need for reliable designs of QW structures, matching given operating wavelengths and bias voltages, calls for the implementation of modelling tools capturing the optical properties of SiGe heterostructures. Here we report on the calculation of the quantum confined Stark effect based on an eight-band k×p model. The obtained spectra are analysed and compared with experimental data showing a good agreement between calculation and measurements.
Ergonomics - A Systems Approach

This book covers multiple topics of Ergonomics following a systems approach, analysing the relationships between workers and their work environment from different but complementary standpoints. The chapters focused on Physical Ergonomics address the topics upper and lower limbs as well as low back musculoskeletal disorders and some methodologies and tools that can be used to tackle them. The organizational aspects of work are the subject of a chapter that discusses how dynamic, flexible and reconfigurable assembly systems can adequately respond to changes in the market. The chapters focused on Human-Computer Interaction discuss the topics of Usability, User-Centred Design and User Experience Design presenting framework concepts for the usability engineering life cycle aiming to improve the user-system interaction, for instance of automated control systems. Cognitive Ergonomics is addressed in the book discussing the critical thinking skills and how people engage in cognitive work.
Functional Detectability and Asymptotic Functional Observer Design

The objective of this article is to present a new solution to the functional observer design problem. First, a new definition for functional detectability is given; then, some algebraic conditions for linear multivariable systems to be functional detectable are presented. They generalize and coincide with the existing detectability condition required in the design of reduced and full-order Luenberger observers. Then, necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of an asymptotic functional observer are given and complete those existing results in the literature. The connection with the Sylvester equation and its solution is also given. The functional observer parameters are obtained from the Sylvester equation and the functional detectability condition. Necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of functional observers are given in the form of matrix inequalities based on two approaches: the first approach is based on stability analysis of the solution of the Sylvester equation, and the second approach is based on the Frobenius canonical form and its spectrum, which leads to a static output feedback formulation. Necessary and sufficient conditions and some simple sufficient conditions in the form of linear matrix inequality are given for the functional observer design. Moreover, the detectability of the considered system is not required. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the presented results.
KEYNOTE-365 cohorts G and H: Phase 1b/2 study of pembrolizumab + vibostolimab combination therapy in patients with adenocarcinoma metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) or treatment-emergent neuroendocrine mCRPC (t-NE).

TPS204 Background: Treatment options are limited for patients with mCRPC that progresses after treatment with next-generation hormonal agents (NHAs)—such as enzalutamide and abiraterone acetate—or docetaxel. Approximately 20% of patients with adenocarcinoma mCRPC that progresses on androgen deprivation therapy develop t-NE mCRPC, which is associated with shortened overall survival (OS). The PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab showed antitumor activity as monotherapy in docetaxel-pretreated patients with adenocarcinoma mCRPC in the phase 2 KEYNOTE-199 trial. The T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) inhibitor vibostolimab showed antitumor activity when combined with pembrolizumab in pretreated patients with several tumor types in a phase 1 dose-escalation study. Combining PD-1 and TIGIT inhibition might have enhanced benefit in mCRPC, potentially both adenocarcinoma and t-NE. Methods: KEYNOTE-365 (NCT02861573) is a nonrandomized, open-label, multicohort, phase 1b/2 trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of several pembrolizumab combination therapies in patients with mCRPC. Patients enrolled in cohort G will have confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate without small cell histology, per the investigator. Cohort H will enroll patients with t-NE (≥1% neuroendocrine cells in a recent biopsy specimen confirmed by central histology review). Each cohort will include patients who previously received docetaxel treatment for mCRPC. Prior treatment with ≤2 NHAs (for hormone-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer [mHSPC] or mCRPC) and 1 other chemotherapy for mCRPC is permitted. Enrollment in cohort H requires prostate cancer progression within 6 months of starting an NHA (for mHSPC or mCRPC) and within < 6 cycles of docetaxel for mCRPC. Each cohort will enroll 40-100 patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score 0 or 1. Both cohorts will receive MK-7684A, a coformulation of pembrolizumab 200 mg and vibostolimab 200 mg, IV every 3 weeks. Treatment will continue until disease progression, withdrawal of consent, or other discontinuation event. Primary end points are safety and tolerability, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rate, and objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST v1.1 by blinded independent central review (BICR). Secondary end points include time to PSA progression; ORR and radiographic progression-free survival per Prostate Cancer Working Group 3 (PCWG3)–modified RECIST v1.1 by BICR; duration of response and disease control rate per RECIST v1.1 and PCWG3-modified RECIST v1.1 by BICR; and OS. These cohorts of KEYNOTE-365 are enrolling in Australia, Germany, New Zealand, Spain, and the United States. Clinical trial information: NCT02861573.
A New L₁ Multi-Kernel Learning Support Vector Regression Ensemble Algorithm With AdaBoost

This paper proposes a new multi-kernel learning ensemble algorithm, called Ada-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>MKL-WSVR, which can be regarded as an extension of multi-kernel learning (MKL) and weighted support vector regression (WSVR). The first novelty is to add the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> norm of the weights of the combined kernel function to the objective function of WSVR, which is used to adaptively select the optimal base models and their parameters. In addition, an accelerated method based on fast iterative shrinkage thresholding algorithm (FISTA) is developed to solve the weights of the combined kernel function. The second novelty is to propose an integrated learning framework based on AdaBoost, named Ada-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>MKL-WSVR. In this framework, we integrate FISTA into AdaBoost. At each iteration, we optimize the weights of the combined kernel function and update the weights of the training samples at the same time. Then an ensemble regression function of a set of regression functions is output. Finally, two groups of the experiments are designed to verify the performance of our algorithm. On the first group of the experiments including eight datasets from UCI machine learning repository, the MAEs and RMSEs of Ada-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>MKL-WSVR are reduced by 11.14% and 9.08% on average, respectively. Furthermore, on the second group of the experiments including the COVID-19 epidemic datasets from eight countries, the MAEs and RMSEs of Ada-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>MKL-WSVR are reduced by 31.19% and 29.98% on average, respectively.
A Review of Security Incidents and Defence Techniques Relating to the Malicious Use of Small Unmanned Aerial Systems

Critical national infrastructure sites, such as airports and nuclear facilities, have been subject to a number of airspace breaches from malicious unmanned aerial systems (UASs) in recent years. Not only can these incidents cause major disruptions, but they can have significant financial consequences. This article conducts a short review of security incidents caused by the malicious use of small UASs at airports and nuclear facilities. We conclude that the number of incidents of concern remain high and suggest the increased use of UAS with longer flight times, indicating a move away from commercially available platforms, which have limited flight times. The detection and classification methods presented in this review each have strong benefits but this is not withstanding their own challenges. Hence, this review recommends that more than one sensor type are considered in parallel for live systems. A comprehensive detection and classification system must extend further than typical commercially available platforms if we are to fully realize the threat. We also conclude that while successful countermeasure methods do exist there still remains many policy and legal challenges ahead for their implementation.
Breast Imaging: Past and Present

Breast imaging has evolved over several decades; however, a significant leap has happened in the past couple of decades. Multiple modalities are available for the evaluation of breast diseases; Mammography, Digital Breast Tomosynthesis, Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Contrast Enhanced Mammography (CEM) are a few of the frequently used ones. Image-guided interventions have further evolved, core needle biopsy, vacuum-assisted biopsy, clip placements, and wire localization to name a few. At times, it is difficult to choose between the modalities for disease evaluation and intervention. In this article, we have tried to cover in brief the evolution of breast imaging over years and have discussed the imaging approach to some frequent clinical presentations along with the approach to the evaluation of mammography.
Bi-Criteria Approximation for a Multi-Origin Multi-Channel Auto-Scaling Live Streaming Cloud

Live video traffic has been widely observed to vary significantly within short timescale. In order to manage such traffic dynamic of overlay live streaming, the Content Provider (CP) may deploy a set of geo-dispersed auto-scaling servers where the pay-as-you-go deployment cost is charged by the amount of resources used due to server uploading and data transmission between servers. To support geo-distributed user demands, we study a novel multi-origin multi-channel auto-scaling live streaming cloud that pushes each channel stream in the core network overlay as a tree covering the end servers who have local demand for the channel. The Origin-to-End (O2E) delay from an origin to an end server is due to the Server-to-Server (S2S) delays of the overlay links along the path. By optimizing the overlay of the core network, we seek to minimize the deployment cost and O2E delays of the channels (i.e., a bi-criteria problem), which can be equivalently phrased as minimizing the deployment cost while meeting certain given maximum O2E delay constraints. We formulate a realistic problem capturing the major cost and delay components, and show its NP-hardness. We propose Cost-optimized Multi-Origin Multi-Channel Overlay Streaming (COCOS), a novel, efficient and near-optimal bi-criteria approximation algorithm with proven approximation ratio. Trace-driven extensive experimental results based on real-world live streaming service data validate that COCOS outperforms other state-of-the-art schemes by a wide margin (cutting the cost in general by more than 50%).
Charge pump-based MOSFET-only 1.5-bit pipelined ADC stage in digital CMOS technology

ABSTRACT A simple low-power and low-area metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor-only fully differential 1.5-bit pipelined analog-to-digital converter stage is proposed and designed in Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company 0.18 μm-technology using BSIM3v3 parameters with supply voltage of 1.8 V in inexpensive digital complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. It is based on charge pump technique to achieve the desired voltage gain of 2, independent of capacitor mismatch and avoiding the need of power hungry operational amplifier-based architecture to reduce the power, Si area and cost. Various capacitances are implemented by metal-oxide semiconductor capacitors, offering compatibility with cheaper digital CMOS process in order to reduce the much required manufacturing cost.
Recent Developments and Challenges on Beam Steering Characteristics of Reconfigurable Transmitarray Antennas

This paper highlights recent developments and challenges on beam steering characteristics of reconfigurable transmitarray antennas. It introduces the operating principle of beam forming/beam steering high gain transmitarray antennas to enable the user to opt for economical and high performance solutions. A transmitarray antenna typically consists of a source antenna and a phase transformation structure. The incident waves generated from the source antenna is tilted using the phase transformation structure in a desired direction to steer the beam. Moreover, the phase transformation structure alters the incident wavefront to a plane wavefront using phase change characteristics. In order to steer a beam to a specific desired angle, it can be divided into two methods. There is a method of applying a transmitarray with a variable transmission phase change or a method of changing the shape of the wavefront of the source antenna. This type of beam forming/beam steering high gain antenna has been mainly studied from the point of view of high efficiency, low profile, and low cost. Several solutions of transmitarray unit cells have been presented in the literature, using PIN diodes, varactors, MEMS switches, and microfluids enable electronics to realize reconfigurable characteristics of transmitarray antennas. This paper analyzes the characteristics of various beam steering high gain reconfigurable transmitarrays (RTA) and highlights the future opportunities and challenges of the structure design for transmitarray antennas. This paper also highlights the challenges and gaps in terahertz and optical frequencies related to future work due to the structure complexity and lack of components’ availability. Moreover, the challenges and limitations related to multi-bit structures and dual-band requirements are presented.