Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biodiesel production using calcium‐based catalyst from venus shell: Modeling of startup production in an industrial reactor

Calcium oxide‐based catalyst was produced from Venus shell by fast fluidized bed calcination for biodiesel synthesis. The kinetics of biodiesel synthesis was found to be a pseudo‐first‐order reaction at the experimental conditions. The obtained kinetic parameters were used for modeling the startup operation of biodiesel production in an industrial continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The model was found to agree well with the reagent concentration and temperature profiles in a real production practice during biodiesel production. The variations of initial temperature, initial reagent concentration in the reactor was investigated. It was found that the reagent concentration and temperature oscillated around the final steady state. From safety operation perspective, the first 4 h were found to be the most unsteady period during continuous production. The initial concentration of waste fry oil (WFO) was also found to be critical to the safe operation of CSTR. A violation of the settings for safe operation of CSTR will be triggered once the initial concentration of WFO in CSTR reaches 500 mol m−3. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13053, 2019
Synthesis and characterization of an efficient and stable Al/Fe pillared clay catalyst for the catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol

A facile method for synthesizing Al/Fe pillared clays (PILCs) from natural bentonite clay, by using ultrasonic treatment during the aging and intercalation steps, has been established. Single metal (Fe-PILCs and Al-PILCs) and mixed metal (Al/Fe-PILCs, with varying compositions of the pillaring precursors) pillared clays were prepared and characterized with a combination of chemical and instrumental methods. The pillared clays were evaluated as catalysts in the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of phenol and the mixed metal pillared clay catalysts, especially with an Al/Fe ratio of 3 : 1, were found to be highly active and stable, with superior properties such as surface areas, basal spacing, high porosity and thermal stability. The catalysts could also be reused several times without significant loss of activity. The results of the study show that Al/Fe-pillared clay catalysts are effective catalysts for the oxidation of phenol and removal of TOC in aqueous solutions. The main intermediate products in the CWAO of phenol were hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, and benzoquinone and oxalic, formic, malonic, oxalic, malonic and maleic acids.
Multimodal Framing of Germany’s National Image: Comparing News on Twitter (USA) and Weibo (China)

ABSTRACT This article examines multimodal frame construction and presents comparative research regarding Germany’s mediated national image. We conducted a quantitative content analysis of 2455 news posts (N USA = 1722, N China = 733) published by leading newspapers on Twitter (USA) and Weibo (China) between 2007 and 2019. The results reveal that news texts attribute varying degrees of salience to the dimensions of national image. Chinese news texts portray Germany more positively among most indicators compared to US news texts. News visuals assume more complementary or dramatizing functions in the US context and more elaborated or illustrative roles in the Chinese context. A hierarchical cluster analysis shows how Germany’s national image is constructed through textual contents, visual denotations, and text-image relations in multimodal news. German cultural attractions, football excellence, social diversity, and economic performance are commonly visible across both nations, whereas political debate, crisis, and international controversy are largely absent from Chinese news frames. Contexts shape multimodal frames, where the uniformity of coverage is the result of globalized news production and shared journalistic standards such as (visual) news values relating to eliteness, impact, and consonance. National differences are interpreted by contextual factors of political homophily, journalism culture, and platform affordance.
Study on Performance Evaluation of Service Supply Chain by Extension Method

With the rapid development of the service industry, the service supply chain has become one of the most popular areas. With the logistics service supply chain being an important branch of the service supply chain, we should pay attention to the role of logistics service supply chain in enterprises. How to evaluate the logistics service supply chain comprehensively and rationally has become an important task for related enterprises to solve urgently. This paper, through extensive literature analysis and research on logistics service supply chain projects, established an indicator system composed of 18 secondary indicators from three perspectives of customer satisfaction, logistics service capabilities, and co-development ability, using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weight of each index and matter-element analysis to establish a logistics service supply chain performance evaluation model. At the end of the paper, the performance of S logistics enterprise is evaluated. The result turns out to be good, which is consistent with the actual situation, indicating that the evaluation system and method are effective and reliable.
Do Emotions Result in their Predicted Facial Expressions? A Meta-Analysis of Studies on the Link between Expression and Emotion

Do emotions result in their predicted facial expressions? A meta-analysis examined the indices of coherence of the six most studied expressions of emotion (happiness or enjoyment, surprise, disgust, sadness, anger and fear) using a random effects model. Effect sizes were low on both of the two most popular measurements of coherence: correlations between the reported experience and the intensity of the expression, and proportion of reactive participants to an emotional elicitor. The analysis of the potentially moderating variables (elicited emotion, elicitors, coding system, focus on total expression or movements of specific facial muscles, intensity of the reported emotion, and participant’s age group) did not provide a consistent pattern for either of the two measurements of coherence. The trim-and-fill method did not detect publication bias. These findings pose new challenges but also opportunities for new methodological and theoretical directions in the study of facial expressions.
An assessment of green practices in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) using Graph- Theoretic Matrix Approach

The main purpose of the paper is to evaluate the green practices in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The growth and sustainability-related issues are equally important for SMEs as well as for multinational companies. Multinational companies have sufficient exposure to the international norms of environmental management and they are bound to follow them. Due to ignorance attitude and lack of information and resources, SMEs are less interested in green manufacturing. Thus, the assessment of the green practices of SMEs becomes very important in the present context. In this study, some of the major factors related to green manufacturing have been identified through the literature review. The green index is produced using the permanent matrix of all the factors using the Graph Theory Matrix Approach. It may be used to compare the green performance of one SME with another.
Investigation of Toxic α -Dicarbonyl Compounds Formed in the Headspace of Various Heated Cooking Oils

Citation: Wang Q, Hengel MJ, Shibamoto T. Investigation of Toxic α -Dicarbonyl Compounds Formed in the Headspace of Various Heated Cooking Oils. Food Sci Nutr Res. 2021; 4(3): 1-7. ABSTRACT Glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and diacetyl formed in the headspace of heated oil samples were analyzed as corresponding quinoxaline derivatives. Formation of these compounds increased in the gutter oil as the number of heating repetitions increased. In particular, methylglyoxal increased from 198.43 ± 92.9 µg to 432.16 ± 161.86 µg. The total phenolic compounds in four extra virgin olive oils ranged from 231.01 ± 16.75 µg/g to 492.78 ± 39.34 µg/g (Olio Nuovo olive oil). The carbonyl compounds formed from the Olio Nuovo oil ranged from 52.76 ± 11.26 µg (glyoxal) at 150°C for 0.5 h to 801.22 ± 147.88 µg (diacetyl) at 300°C for 1 h. Addition of cysteine reduced the formation of all three α-dicarbonyl compounds significantly, suggesting that cysteine forms adducts with carbonyl compounds. Standard antioxidant BHT reduced formation of all three compounds at lower heating temperatures, whereas standard antioxidant vitamin E increased them considerably at higher temperatures, suggesting that vitamin E degrades into carbonyl compounds. Methylglyoxal, Olio Nuovo oil.
Fourier Transform Infrared Microscopy for Probing Changes in Biomolecular Composition of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells in Response to External Stressors

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is a tool that allows for the characterization of molecular changes in biological systems. In this thesis, FTIR Microscopy is used to investigate the innate response of cells, via their biomolecular compositions, to nutrient stress and drug-induced changes. FTIR was used to study cyanobacteria (Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Spirulina platensis) and algal (Neochloris minuta and Neochloris alveolaris) cells. A strain of yeast (Yarrowia lipolytica), and prostate cancer cells from the PC3 cell line were also studied. The chemometric analysis, in particular, principal component analysis (PCA), was used to differentiate different cell types, cells at various stages of growth, and metabolic modifications in cells in response to external stress. Changes in the cell biomolecular composition indicate biomarkers that indicate how cells respond to changes in their environment. The cell is in effect a sentinel or biological sensor, which can provide information on drug efficacy, and even on pollutants and other metabolites in the environment in which cells grow, not to mention a variety of pathogenic diseased states of cells. FTIR spectra of cells provide information on the composition of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins within the cell. These biomolecules absorb IR radiation for the most part in distinct spectral regions. C-H, N-H, and O-H stretching vibrations occur in the 3300-2800 cm-1 region. Proteins absorb around 1650 and 1550 cm-1. While lipids, including phospholipids, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides display absorption in the 1400-900 cm region. To test and verify the level of applicability of the FTIR technique we introduce the hypothesis that cyanobacterial cells in various stages of growth can be distinguished based on their FTIR spectrum. Different cyanobacterial strains at similar growth stages can also be characterized. IR spectra of prostate cancer cells in the presence of various drugs were also described based on their FTIR spectra.
An Episodic Memory Model with Slow Features Extraction for Topological Map Building

This paper presents a new integration model for on-line topological map building with environment slow features detection. The proposed model is formed by the integration of Bayesian Adaptive Resonance Associative Memory (BARAM) and Incremental Slow Feature Analysis (IncSFA). IncSFA incrementally extracts slowly varying features from a rapidly changing input signal. These slow features will be fed to BARAM for environment learning to build a topological map. The explored environment is represented as a set of neurons (nodes) and edges that connecting all nodes. Each neuron represents a distinct place and edges store robot traverse information that leads the robot to travel from one node to another. The proposed model is an unsupervised learning technique that does not require any prior knowledge of what an environment is supposed to be for ease of implementation. The effectiveness of our proposed method is validated by several standardized benchmark datasets.
A Wideband High-Gain Conical Short Horn based on a Metasurface-corrected Lens

A wideband high-gain conical short horn with a wide flare angle is developed by loading a ultrathin planar metasurface lens on the aperture. The lens that exhibits wideband high-efficiency transmission and phase changes is composed of two identical dielectric layers, a metallic cross-dipole in the middle and two identical orthogonally-oriented gratings on the two sides. By placing the metasurface lens on the horn aperture, the linearly-polarized spherical wavefront inside the horn can be converted to be a planar one, resulting in high gain. An example compact horn operating at 30 GHz is given. Simulations show an impedance bandwidth of over 30.5%, a peak gain of 28.9 dBi and an aperture efficiency of 49.4%.
A 10‐bit 1GSample/s hybrid digital‐to‐analog converter with a modified thermometer decoder in 65‐nm CMOS technology

This paper proposes a new 10‐bit 1GS/s digital‐to‐analog converter (DAC). In the proposed DAC configuration, a beneficial combination of differential resistor ladder and current sources is utilized to attain a significant reduction of the number of unit current sources. Therefore, the suggested 10‐bit DAC is constructed based on only 21 current sources and 64 unit resistors, which results in a considerable decrease regarding the occupied area and power consumption. Also, a modified 4‐bit thermometer decoder using a low number of transistors, based on SET‐RST D flip‐flops (SR‐DFFs), is offered to drive the unit current sources synchronously. The proposed DAC is simulated in 65‐nm Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The postlayout simulation results indicate the better integral nonlinearity (INL) and differential nonlinearity (DNL) parameters than 0.3 least significant bit (LSB) and 0.6 LSB, respectively. Based on achieved results, the proposed DAC consumes 9.31 mW using a single supply voltage of 1.2 V. Moreover, the spurious‐free dynamic range (SFDR) is above 57 dB over 600‐MHz Nyquist bandwidth, by considering 0.0134 mm2 its occupied area.
Design of a Wideband Vivaldi Antenna for 5G Base Stations

In this paper, a dual-polarized wideband Vivaldi antenna for 5G base stations is presented. Dual-polarization is achieved with two perpendicularly Vivaldi elements. Finally, this element is introduced into a lower band element which covers the 690-960MHz band. The 81mm*99mm Vivaldi antenna achieves a bandwidth of 1.4-3.8GHz for return losses of < −10dB and isolation below -30dB. Symmetric radiation pattern with beamwidths of 60° ± 25° and gain higher than 7dB is obtained.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF FOWL ADENOVIRUS IN COMMERCIAL CHICKEN FLOCKS IN ECUADOR CARACTERIZACIÓN MOLECULAR DEL ADENOVIRUS AVIAR EN POLLOS

Fowl Adenovirus Group I (FAdV-I) is considered an important pathogen in the poultry industry in Ecuador and worldwide. Inclusion Body Hepatitis (IBH) and Hydropericardium Syndrome (HPS) are the main diseases associated with this virus. Despite being an etiological agent that is usually related to immunosuppressive diseases such as Chicken Anemia Virus or Gumboro disease, recent studies have demonstrated the pathological activity of FAdV-I as the primary responsible for certain diseases. Since the 1990s, several outbreaks of IBH and HPS have been reported in many Latin American countries including Ecuador, identifying the serotype 4 of FADV-I as the causal agent of these outbreaks. The aim of this study was to characterize by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and first-generation sequencing, the FAdV-I serotypes circulating in commercial poultry farms in Ecuador. Several organs of broilers with enteric problems were collected from 13 farms in the northern area of Ecuador, and subsequently impregnated in FTA cards for transport and processing. 4/13 (30.8%) samples were positive for FAdV-I, and by sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of DNA amplified by PCR, serotypes 6 and 11 of FAdV-I were characterized. These data show us the variety of serotypes circulating in poultry farms in Ecuador that could be influencing the health status of the country’s poultry industry.
Self-Aligned Metal–Semiconductor–Metal Varactors Based on the AlGaN/GaN Heterostructure

The self-aligned metal-semiconductor-metal (SA-MSM) structure was utilized to fabricate varactors on top of the AlGaN/GaN heterostructures. The SA-MSM structure minimizes the access resistance associated with 2-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), resulting in the significantly improved cutoff frequency. Conventional MSM varactors have essentially the same cutoff frequency, regardless of the device width. On the other hand, the SA-MSM varactors require the optimum device width to obtain the maximum cutoff frequency which has been achieved with the device width of $20~\mu \text{m}$ in this study. The fabricated SA-MSM varactors exhibit the extrapolated cutoff frequency of 1.96 THz and a capacitance switching ratio of 2.51.
Optimal allocation of a hybrid energy storage system considering its dynamic operation characteristics for wind power applications in active distribution networks

This paper aims at specifying the optimal allocation of a hybrid supercapacitor‐vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) energy storage system (ESS) for maintaining power balance of active distribution networks (ADNs) for wind power applications. Correspondingly, an optimal allocation approach for the hybrid ESS considering the application scenarios of supercapacitor ESS and VRB ESS was proposed. The supercapacitor ESS was used for restraining the high‐frequency components of net load power and a net load power spectrum analysis method based on dividing the variations of net load power was used to obtain the optimal capacity of supercapacitor ESS. For the allocation of hybrid ESS, a mathematical framework was proposed considering both the economy and reliability of ADNs associated with VRB′ dynamic operation characteristics. Finally, the proposed optimal allocation approach was validated and tested by a modified IEEE 33‐bus system. Test results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed optimal allocation approach associated with the power flow operation characteristics of ADNs.
Velocity characteristics of vacuum arc cathode spot under medium frequency

The DC circuit breaker is used to realize fault isolation and clearing of the DC system, and is an essential core equipment for the DC distribution network. The principle of the mechanical DC circuit breaker is to generate the medium frequency oscillating current by LC and reversely inject into the main circuit to form a current zero crossing point, and then complete the breaking by the AC circuit breaker. In this paper, the velocity of vacuum arc cathode spot group at medium frequency current is studied by constructing a detachable vacuum interrupter simulation device. The study found that the splitting of the cathode spot group has two modes, corresponding to two different velocity of motion. The velocity of the cathode spot group increases with the increase of the frequency and current amplitude. Compared with the reported power frequency arc cathode spots velocity, the cathode spot group velocity under the medium frequency is much larger which can faster than 1000 m/s.
Analysis of liver recipients survival with donor risk index (dri): a prospective study of cadaveric donors from OPO-HC-UNICAMP and their receptors

Introduction: In 2006, a donor risk index (DRI) was published based on data such as age, race, height, cause of brain death, cardio respiratory arrest, split-organ and ischemia time. Purpose: To study the survival rate of liver recipient with DRI. Method: This is an analytic and prospective study. The characteristics from the liver donor were: age (years), race (white/ black/Asian), height (cm), cause of brain death (anoxia, trauma, stroke or tumor), presence of cardiac arrest, cold ischemia time and procurement place (local, regional or national). The liver recipients’ characteristics were: age (years), etiology of liver disease, MELD score (total bilirubin, creatinine and IRN), warm ischemia time (minutes), ICU time (days), pre- transplant renal injury (yes/no) and Child-Pugh classification. From April 2008 to May 2009 all consecutive 66 OLTs and their respective DRI were analyzed. Recipients were followed up for at least six months in order to evaluate statistically the association between recipient survival and DRI at our service. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze survival rate (using the log-rank test) and the Cox regression test to identify predictive factors. Results: There was statistical difference in the cumulative proportion of survival according to the 1.7 >DRI>1.7 levels (P=0.03). Recipients with MELD> 24 had shorter survival rate (40%) than MELD ≤ 24 recipients (80%; P = 0.03) and the Cox regression test for survival time showed that patients with higher risk of death were: recipients with high values of MELD score and donor age with risk of death of 8% over 50 years; and DRI with 2% risk of death for each extra point. Conclusion: There was association between donor risk index and recipient survival. High MELD score values, DRI and donor age are variables that are found associated with the highest number of deaths and shorter survival.
Different Analysis of β-Cell Dysfunction as Fasting Glucose Progresses in Obese and Nonobese Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Aims/Introduction This study is aimed at (1) investigating the change of β-cell dysfunction as baseline fasting glucose progresses in newly diagnosed patients with T2DM and (2) finding whether body mass index (BMI) has different degrees of impact on insulin secretion as baseline fasting glucose progresses. Materials and Methods 661 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM were enrolled in the present study. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was used to calculate HOMA-β, HOMA-IR, early-phase insulin secretion index (EISI, calculated as ΔI30/ΔG30), and area under the insulin releasing curve (AUCI0-180). Patients were divided into low, medium, and high FBG groups. Each group was further divided into lean, overweight, and obese subgroups according to BMI. Results A decrease of EISI and HOMA-β and an increase of HOMA-IR were shown among different FBG groups significantly. In the medium FBG group, AUCI0-180, EISI, HOMA-β, and HOMA-IR in obese patients were higher than those in lean and overweight patients. In the low and high FBG groups, AUCI0-180, HOMA-β, and HOMA-IR in obese patients were higher than those in other subgroups. BMI was positively associated with high EISI in the medium FBG group but failed to yield a significant association with EISI in the low and high FBG groups. Conclusions During the progression of baseline FBG, β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance worsened. As FBG increased, increased BMI had a positive influence on β-cell dysfunction in all FBG groups. The independent factors that correlated to EISI differed with the increasing of baseline FBG.