Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bivariate Distribution and Hazard Functions When a Component is Randomly Truncated

In random truncation models one observes the i.i. d. pairs (Ti? Yi),i=1, ? , n. IfYis the variable of interest, thenTis another independent variable which prevents the complete observation ofYand random left truncation occurs. Such a type of incomplete data is encountered in medical studies as well as in economy, astronomy, and insurance applications. Let (Y, Y) be a bivariate vector of random variables with joint distribution functionF(y, x) and suppose the variableYis randomly truncated from the left. In this study, nonparametric estimators for the bivariate distribution and hazard functions are considered. A nonparametric estimator forF(y, x) is proposed and an a.s. representation is obtained. This representation is used to establish the consistency and the weak convergence of the empirical process. An expression for the variance of the asymptotic distribution is presented and an estimator is proposed. Bivariate “diverse-hazard” vector is introduced whic h captures the individual and joint failure behaviors of the random variables in opposite “time” directions. Estimators for this vector are presented and the large sample properties are discussed. Possible applications and a moderate size simulation study are also presented.
Balanced Realizations as Minimum Sensitivity Structures in Linear Systems

Recently, balanced realizations in linear systems have been proposed from the viewpoint of controllability and observability measure of the state-space. They have been extended to various linear systems such as time-variant systems and a class of 2-dimensional systems, and have been applied to model reduction. However, basic properties of balanced realizations have not been investigated so far. On the other hand, system sensitivities are important measures to compare realization structures. This paper shows that balanced realizations in discrete-time linear systems are derived as minimum sensitivity structures. The statistical sensitivity of linear state-space systems is proposed and represented by the controllability and observability Grammians. It is shown that the statistical sensitivity depends on realization structures. The statistical sensitivity is minimized, and minimum sensitivity stuctures are obtained via equivalent transformations. The class of minimum sensitivity structures includes balanced realizations as a special case.
Vimentin is required for normal accumulation of body fat

Abstract Intermediate filaments (nanofilaments) have many functions, especially in response to cellular stress. Mice lacking vimentin (Vim−/−) display phenotypes reflecting reduced levels of cell activation and ability to counteract stress, for example, decreased reactivity of astrocytes after neurotrauma, decreased migration of astrocytes and fibroblasts, attenuated inflammation and fibrosis in lung injury, delayed wound healing, impaired vascular adaptation to nephrectomy, impaired transendothelial migration of lymphocytes and attenuated atherosclerosis. To address the role of vimentin in fat accumulation, we assessed the body weight and fat by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in Vim−/− and matched wildtype (WT) mice. While the weight of 1.5-month-old Vim−/− and WT mice was comparable, Vim−/− mice showed decreased body weight at 3.5, 5.5 and 8.5 months (males by 19–22%, females by 18–29%). At 8.5 months, Vim−/− males and females had less body fat compared to WT mice (a decrease by 24%, p < 0.05, and 33%, p < 0.0001, respectively). The body mass index in 8.5 months old Vim−/− mice was lower in males (6.8 vs. 7.8, p < 0.005) and females (6.0 vs. 7.7, p < 0.0001) despite the slightly lower body length of Vim−/− mice. Increased mortality was observed in adult Vim−/− males. We conclude that vimentin is required for the normal accumulation of body fat.
Experimental observation of photonic-crystal emission near a photonic band edge

A three-dimensional tungsten photonic crystal is realized with a photonic band edge at λ∼4 μm wavelength. Its thermal emission is suppressed in the band gap regime and, at the same time, exhibits sharp peaks near the band edge. It is further observed that energy conversion efficiency from one side of the sample reaches η∼40%. This finding is attributed to a complete metallic photonic band gap in the infrared (λ⩾6 μm) and the enhanced density of photon states near the band edge of our tungsten photonic crystal.
Experimental observations of the interaction of a laser generated cavitation bubble with a flexible membrane

In this paper we present new observations of a laser generated cavitation bubble interacting with an inertial boundary. Employing schlieren photography and Mach–Zehnder interferometry techniques, we present photographic sequences of a cavity interacting with a flexible membrane. During expansion the membrane is deformed away from the bubble centroid but during the collapse phase, instead of moving with the expected fluid motion caused by the contracting bubble, the flexible membrane introduces a certain asymmetry into the problem which in turn results in novel fluid motions around the bubble.
On Periodic Structures and Testing for Seasonal Unit Roots

The standard testing procedures for seasonal unit roots developed so far have been based0501nly on time invariant ARMA processes with AR polynomials involving seasonal differencing. One attractive alternative is to employ periodic ARMA models in which the coefficients are allowed to vary with the season. In this paper, we present convenient procedures for testing for the presence of unit roots at the zero and seasonal frequencies in periodic time series. The limiting distributions of these statistics are derived and tabulated. Simulation evidence illustrates the advantages of allowing for periodicity in this context when it is present. The tests are illustrated via applications to macroeconomic and ozone level data. Les procedures standards pour tester la presence de racines unitaires aux frequences saisonnieres sont basees sur une representation invariante ARIMA. Une classe alternative de processus est celle des modeles a variations periodiques des parametres. Dans cette etude nous presentons des tests de racines unitaires qui prennent explicitement en compte une structure periodique. Les distributions asymptotiques sont derivees. Une etude Monte Carlo demontre les avantages de nos tests par rapport aux procedures standards.
Superconducting tunnel junction structures designed for qubit realizations

In view of future macroscopic quantum experiments, we have fabricated prototypes of charge qubits (with tunable Josephson coupling and capacitive gate) provided with capacitively coupled readout single-electron transistor electrometers. The devices are prepared by electron beam direct-writing in conjunction with material deposition by sputtering. All leads are made of Al, and the AlO/sub x/ tunnel barriers are generated by local thermal oxidizing of the surface of the base striplines. The island electrodes are made of Al or Nb in a subsequent deposition step. In the case of Nb it is suitable to protect the barriers by a thin sputtered Al film first. The small-area (100 nm/spl times/100 nm) tunnel junctions have capacitances in the order of a few 10/sup -16/ F; their resistances can be adjusted in a wide range from k/spl Omega/ to M/spl Omega/ with an on-chip spread of less than 10%. The (double) superconducting gap energy was determined to be about 0.4 meV for Al and 1.4 meV for Nb, respectively. Measuring the so-called Coulomb staircase, we have demonstrated the operation of both qubit boxes and sub-e electrometers.
The atmosphere of Neptune : an analysis of radio occultation data acquired with Voyager 2

The vertical structure of Neptune's atmosphere is studied on the basis of recordings of the tracking signals received from Voyager 2 during its occultation by Neptune. The measurements began at a planetographic latitude of 62 deg north and ended near 45 deg south, and cover an altitude interval of about 5000 km. The 1-bar isobaric surface has equatorial and polar radii of 24,766 +/-15 km and 24,342 +/-30 km, respectively, and a corresponding oblateness of 0.0171 +/-0.0014. At this pressure, the temperature was 72 +/-2 K. The tropopause was detected approximately 40 km above the 1-bar level at a pressure of about 100 mbar. A comparison with IR observations indicates that the gas at the tropopause consists of 78-84-percent hydrogen by number density with the rest being mostly helium. The temperature in this region was 52 +/-2 K.
MAGNETIC ENERGY PARTITION BETWEEN THE CORONAL MASS EJECTION AND FLARE FROM AR 11283

On 2011 September 6, an X-class flare and a halo coronal mass ejection (CME) were observed from Earth erupting from the same active region AR 11283. The magnetic energy partition between them has been investigated. SDO/HMI vector magnetograms were used to obtain the coronal magnetic field using the nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) extrapolation method. The free magnetic energies before and after the flare were calculated to estimate the released energy available to power the flare and the CME. For the flare energetics, thermal and nonthermal energies were derived using the RHESSI and GOES data. To obtain the radiative output, SDO/EVE data in the 0.1–37 nm waveband were utilized. We have reconstructed the three-dimensional (3D) periphery of the CME from the coronagraph images observed by STEREO-A, B, and SOHO. The mass calculations were then based on a more precise Thomson-scattering geometry. The subsequent estimate of the kinetic and potential energies of the CME took advantage of the more accurate mass, and the height and speed in a 3D frame. The released free magnetic energy resulting from the NLFFF model is about 6.4 × 1031 erg, which has a possible upper limit of 1.8 × 1032 erg. The thermal and nonthermal energies are lower than the radiative output of 2.2 × 1031 erg from SDO/EVE for this event. The total radiation covering the whole solar spectrum is probably a few times larger. The sum of the kinetic and potential energy of the CME could go up to 6.5 × 1031 erg. Therefore, the free energy is able to power the flare and the CME in AR 11283. Within the uncertainty, the flare and the CME may consume a similar amount of free energy.
Active phased array technology using coplanar packaging technology

Until the present time, active phased array antennas have utilized individually packaged transmit/receive (T/R) modules which provide both transmitter and receiver functions on /spl lambda//2 wavelength centers. Such modules usually contain five to seven individual GaAs circuits which provide the following functions: transmit amplifier; phase shifter; variable attenuator; T/R switch; and low noise amplifier. This paper describes some recent efforts to eliminate the fabrication of individual modules and to incorporate other functions to multiply fabricated T/R cell paths including: circulator; radiating element; and signal manifolding. Efforts to date have centered on the 2-20 GHz portion of the spectrum and at Ka-band. An experimental test of a 16-element subarray is discussed. >
The recent structural evolution of the SMC

We investigate the spatial distribution of stars of dierent ages towards the main body of the SMC, in an attempt to further understand the nature of the complex structure of the SMC. The old stellar population of the galaxy shows a rather regular and smooth distribution which is typical for a spheroidal body. On the contrary, the distribution of the younger stellar component is highly asymmetric and irregular giving evidence for the severe impact of the SMC during its close encounter with the LMC some 0.2 to 0.4 Gyr ago. In a series of isodensity contour maps of stars within selected ages, the recent structural evolution of the SMC is presented.
Estimation of the Parameters of the Stochastic Differential Equations Black-Scholes Model Share Price of Gold

Problem statement: The estimation of the parameters is one of main pr oblems of the dynamic models in many scientific fields and partic ularly in economics and finance. In this study, we examine the techniques of estimation of the paramet ers of the Black-Scholes model. These techniques are based on the function of probability. Approach: The two estimations are based on the likelihood function. The "discret" method considers the functi on of density of transition from the process of diffusion normal log. The second method proposes the estimate of the parameters of the model via the observation of the time of first passage of the pro cess through a constant limit of which the density is known. Results: One treats an application of the share price of go ld. Conclusion: A comparative study between both methods of estimations of the parameters and the forecast is given.
The case for life on Mars

Abstract There have been several attempts to answer the question of whether there is, or has ever been, life on Mars. The boldest attempt was the only ever life detection experiment conducted on another planet: the Viking mission. The mission was a great success, but it failed to provide a clear answer to the question of life on Mars. More than 30 years after the Viking mission our understanding of the history and evolution of Mars has increased vastly to reveal a wetter Martian past and the occurrence of diverse environments that could have supported microbial life similar to that on Earth for extended periods of time. The discovery of Terran extremophilic microorganisms, adapted to environments previously though to be prohibitive for life, has greatly expanded the limits of habitability in our Solar System, and has opened new avenues for the search of life on Mars. Remnants of a possible early biosphere may be found in the Martian meteorite ALH84001. This claim is based on a collection of facts and observations consistent with biogenic origins, but individual links in the collective chain of evidence remain controversial. Recent evidence for contemporary liquid water on Mars and the detection of methane in the Martian atmosphere further enhance the case for life on Mars. We argue that, given the cumulative evidence provided, life has and is likely to exist on Mars, and we have already found evidence of it. However, to obtain a compelling certainty a new mission is needed, one which is devoted to the detection of life on Mars.
Epidemiology and risk of colorectal cancer in patients with a history of Helicobacter pylori infection: a population-based study

Background Numerous modifiable risk factors have been associated with colon cancer. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most common bacterial infection worldwide and the strongest known risk factor for gastric cancer. We aim to assess whether the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is higher in patients with a history of H. pylori infection. Methods A validated multicenter and research platform database of more than 360 hospitals was queried. Patients aged 18-65 years were included in our cohort. We excluded all patients who had previously had a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease or celiac disease. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to calculate CRC risk. Results A total of 47,714,750 patients were selected after application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The 20-year-period prevalence rate of CRC in the United States population from 1999 to September 2022 was 370 of 100,000 individuals (0.37%). According to multivariate analysis, the risk of CRC was higher in smokers (odds ratio [OR] 2.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.47-2.57), obese patients (OR 2.26, 95%CI 2.22-2.30), those with irritable bowel syndrome (OR 2.02, 95%CI 1.94-2.09), or type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR 2.89, 95%CI 2.84-2.95), and patients who had a diagnosis of H. pylori infection (OR 1.89, 95%CI 1.69-2.10). Conclusion We provide the first evidence from a large population-based study demonstrating an independent association between a history of H. pylori infection and CRC risk.
Kajian Sosio-Religius Tradisi Medaha Truna di Desa Pakraman Sanda, Kecamatan Pupuan, Kabupaten Tabanan

Keberagaman kebudayaan di Bali pada umumnya didasari oleh nilai-nilai yang bersumber pada ajaran agama Hindu.Tradisi di Bali dikenal dengan istilah “Dressta”. Dressta merupakan bagian dari budaya yang berupa kebiasaan hidup, yang dilaksanakan secara turun-temurun dalam suatu keluarga, suku, bangsa dalam suatu batas wilayah.Karena dilaksanakan, dipelihara, dan dihormati secara turun-temurun maka tradisi ditambah dengan kata “Luhur” yang menggambarkan bahwa tradisi ini mulia dan diwarisi oleh para leluhur. Teori yang digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah penelitian ini adalah teori Eksistensialisme, teori Fungsional Struktural, dan teori Nilai. Berdasarkan analisis tersebut, diperoleh simpulan sebagai hasil penelitian, sebagai berikut: (1) Tradisi Madaha Truna adalah suatu tradisi yang harus dijalani oleh remaja-remaja baik pria maupun wanita di Desa Pakraman Sanda, sebelum pada nantinya memasuki fase berumah tangga. Akhir dari masa menjalani tradisi Medaha Truna adalah pada saat memasuki masa berumah tangga dan melanggar etika yang ada. (2) Fungsi tradisi Madaha Truna adalah untuk melibatkan dan mengenalkan tradisi keagamaan kepada anak muda secara lebih dini karena berikutnya mereka akan sebagai pelaku yang sebenarnya. Makna dari tradisi Madaha Truna ini adalah wujud ngayah dalam kondisi yang sangat suci lahir batin.
Operation of individual integrally gated carbon nanotube field emitter cells

In this work, we examine the operation of individual field emitter cells contained in a field emitter array composed of integrally gated multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT)-based field emission cathodes. These devices were found to behave in a manner consistent with a multiple emission site model of Fowler–Nordheim field emission. These results show considerable variation in the operational characteristics of cells contained within the same array and indicate that data obtained from arrays of cells are not necessarily indicative of individual cell performance.
Research on facial expression feature decoupling algorithm based on generative adversarial network

In the field of facial expression recognition, problems exist in traditional dataset acquisition, including high economic cost, time-consuming process, and difficulties in avoiding subjective factors. However, expression synthesis methods have provided solutions for such problems. In expression synthesis, facial expression trait decoupling is a key technology that affects the image quality. As such, in targeting incomplete separation of the two main types of features, identity features and expression features, new methods for finishing trait decoupling were proposed in the present study. ResNet50 was used to obtain the initial features and the latent codes were obtained by mapping network. A progressive generative adversarial network was used to generate images of different resolution layers. Subsequently, a feedback network was constructed to obtain latent codes. Thus, the separation of identity features and expression features was achieved, and the FID and SSIM between the generated images and the raw images were smaller. Through the proposed method, the accuracy of facial feature editing can be improved.
A Monte-Carlo study of asymptotically robust tests for correlation coefficients

SUMMARY Monte-Carlo simulation is used to compare the small-sample performance of the usual normal theory procedures for inference about correlation coefficients with that of two asymptotically robust procedures, one of which is based on a grouping of the observations and the other on the jackknife technique. The sampled distributions comprise the normal and five nonnormal distributions. The small-sample results support the conclusion based on asymptotic theory that the normal test is not robust. The jackknife procedure works well for most of the sampled distributions. Tests of hypotheses and confidence intervals concerning correlation coefficients in bivariate normal populations are commonly based on Fisher's z transformation of the sample correlation coefficient, tanh-1 r. This statistic is taken to be approximately normally distributed with mean tanh-lp and variance 1/(n- 3), the accuracy of the approximation being adequate for moderately small samples and improving as n increases. For a bivariate population, not necessarily normal but having finite fourth moments, it can be shown that Vn(tanh-1 r - tanh-1 p) converges in distribution to N{O,0o2(p)}, where 1 o2(p) + 1+4(1 2)2{P (A40 + AO4) -4P(A31 + A13) + 2(2+p2)A } (1.1) The A's are the standardized cumulants of order four of the bivariate distribution; for example, A2 = K /(0-2 o-), where o2 and o are the variances of the marginal distributions. Details are given in an unpublished Stanford University report by M. W. J. Layard. Note that A40 and A04 are the kurtoses of the marginal distributions. If the distribution is bivariate normal, all the A's vanish, and o-2(p) = 1. If the components are independent, we have p = 0 and A22= 0, and 0-2(0) = 1. Hence the normal theory test for independence based on
Particularities of surface plasmon–exciton strong coupling with large Rabi splitting

This paper presents some of the particularities of the strong coupling regime occurring between surface plasmon (SP) modes and excitons. Two different active materials were deposited on a silver film: a cyanine dye J-aggregate, and a two-dimensional layered perovskite-type semiconductor. The dispersion relations, which are deduced from angular resolved reflectometry spectra, present an anticrossing characteristic of the strong coupling regime. The wavevector is a good parameter to determine the Rabi splitting. Due to the large interaction energies (several hundreds of milli-electron-volts), the calculations at constant angle can induce an overestimation of the Rabi splitting of more than a factor of two. Another property of polaritons based on SP is their nonradiative character. In order to observe the polaritonic emission, it is thus necessary to use particular extraction setups, such as gratings or prisms. Otherwise only the incoherent emission can be detected, very similar to the bare exciton emission.
Certain Volterra-type integral equations involving some special functions

In this study, we investigated the solution of certain Volterra-Type integral equations including S-function, Mittag-Leffler function with six parameters and generalized Mittag-Leffler function E∝,β,v,σ,ɤ,pμ,δ,b,q(z) respectively. The solutions of these Volterra-Type integral equations are obtained by the method of Laplace transform. Also obtained the Laplace transform of S-function, Mittag-Leffler function of six parameters and generalized Mittag-Leffler function. Some known and new results are also obtained in special cases. A number of results involving special functions can be obtained by giving particular values for parameters in S-function. The results obtained are useful in applied science, engineering and technology.