Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Simulation of an Electromechanical Brake System

The effect of brake pad wear on the electromechanical disc brake system response using MATLAB/Simulink software was investigated in this paper. The analysis of the pad wear involves building thermal model and electromechanical brake model, and calculating the required braking force at a constant and variable coefficient of friction between the pad and disc. A comparison between the electromechanical brake responses without wear and during wear at a constant and variable coefficient of friction was carried out. The results show that the coefficient of friction has a major role in calculating the required braking force, and cumulated wear during breaking. The required braking force starts higher in the case of using a variable coefficient of friction by about 0.06%. The variable coefficient of friction presents higher wear than the constant coefficient of friction by about 30%.
A Review of an Invasive and Non-invasive Automatic Confusion Detection Techniques

Human mind confusion was found one of the primary causes of minimal execution in any type of everyday assignment that requires reasoning or during any learning process. Detecting confusion is important, and it plays a vital role in student e-learning environment. Detecting confusion by computerized machinery is challenging since it requires artificial intelligence methodology, and it has many advantages, which are highlighted in this work. The computerized confusion detection techniques are classified into two categories, sensor based and extraction of facial visual cues, in the paper, with elaborating on their details. The different confusion detection techniques that have been used in some previous research works with their classification technique, number of participants, accuracy and feature type were listed and compared to investigate the better technique, and recommendation was stated. This review would absolutely rapid researchers to supplement their efforts towards the expansion of automatic confusion detection systems.
Polymeric Membrane with Nanomaterial’s for Water Purification: A Review

This review summarizes the work principles used for polymer membrane in water treatment. The performance of traditional polymeric films was improved after adding some nanometals such as nano silver AgNPs and gold AuNP’s and nanomaterials, especially the use of titanium dioxide, carbon nanotube and zinc oxide (TiO2, CNT, ZnO, …etc.), which is available, cheap and environmentally friendly. The theoretical aspects of the polymeric films coated with nanomaterials and the use of the advanced water treatment, removal of microorganisms, chemical compounds, heavy metals, and others are presented. The use of nanomaterials has helped to enhance the water resistance ability, suppress the accumulation of pollutants and contamination, enhance the reject efficiency and improve mechanical properties and thermal stability. Thus, the goal of the present work is to provide updated information regarding the membranes of the new nanocomposites (NC) and their contribution to water treatment applications.
An analytical solution for McIntyre’s model of avalanche triggering probability for SPAD compact modeling and performance exploration

Single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are widely used to monitor fast and weak optical signals. The modeling of two main figures of merit of SPAD, namely the dark count rate (DCR) and the photon detection probability, requires one to calculate the avalanche triggering probability (ATP), usually obtained by numerically solving two transcendental equations (the McIntyre model) as post processing of technology computer-aided design simulations. This paper proposes an analytical alternative to this approach, exploiting an approximation of the impact ionization rates, in principle valid only under high field conditions, but extended to all fields by a simple fitting procedure. The proposed approximated/analytical ATP calculation can be efficient and relevant for SPAD compact modeling that is compatible with a spice-like simulator. As an illustration, a full analytical calculation for DCR based on both ATP and generation terms for a P+N abrupt diode junction is presented.
Modelling and simulation of microgrid power system including a hybrid energy storage system

Microgrid technology is evolving rapidly with increased use Renewable energy (RE) in electricity sector. In this paper, an isolated DC microgrid is simulated with solar photovoltaic (PV) as the RE source to supply power to resistive DC charges along with a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) for battery and supercapacitor. Various cases of load and solar insolation variability are simulated to validate the proposed power management strategy for controlling the DC bus voltage. The output waveforms are compared with and without HESS, and beneficial reduction in transient voltage is observed when using the HESS. A case using IEEE 9bus is also simulated to evaluate device output with a constant demand for load. It is found that in all cases HESS helps to minimize transients of the DC bus voltage effectively. The HESS also compensates for very large transients resulting in sudden changes in the output of PV or load demand.
Effect of Rolled Leaf Rl_((t)) Gene on Grain Quality in Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa)

Grain quality characters of hybrid rice with or without rolled leaf Rl_((t)) gene were analyzed by using three pairs of rolled leaf near-isogenic lines under two fertilization treatments. Under normal fertilization level (e.g. 450 kg urea per ha), milled rice recovery and head rice rates of rolled leaf hybrids were significantly higher than those of corresponding non-rolled crosses, while the chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree were lower. Of the RVA profiles, the peak viscosity, the hot paste viscosity and the breakdown viscosity of the rolled leaf hybrids were all higher than those of the corresponding non-rolled ones at various degrees. Increasing fertilizer application for panicle development promoted the brown, milled and head rice rates except for (Shanyou) 63, while the RNA parameters metioned above all decreased to different levels. Increasing fertilizer application for panicle development, milled rice recovery and head rice rates of rolled leaf combinations were higher than those of corresponding ones. There existed significant difference in head rice rates between Rl_((t)) Shanyou 559 and Shanyou 559; indicating that Rl_((t)) could improve rice quality under a certain condition.
Impact of FWM on Optical Scheme Performance under Different Limitations Factors and Modulation Formats

Four-wave mixing (FWM) has been shown to be the leading nonlinear consequence in long transmission distance that can cruelly border the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and minor the scheme performance. In this work, the system analyze with performance under the effect of wavelength spacing in the case of normal RZ, NRZ intensity modulation - direct modulation (IM-DD) and in the existence of phase shift keying-modulation format, which comprised of (8-PSK and 16-PSK). In addition, the effect of wavelength spacing on FWM is evaluated through 4 kinds of optical fiber, SMF, DSF, NZDF and Large Effective Area Fiber (LEAF) for three channels. The outcomes show that the SMF presents minimum FWM power up to -40.88 dBm, while DSF offers maximum FWM power of -30.99 dBm. It is observed that for NZDF and LEAF, the FWM powers are -31.99dBm and -35 dBm, respectively. In the case of system quality with the channel spacing tuning after 150 Km, BER is 3.3×10−11 on received power of -12 dBm using 16-PSK modulation. Nevertheless, in the existence of NRZ arrangement the BER was originated to be worse and equal to 8×10−3 at same received power.
Effect of Ligand Structure on the Optical and Electronic Properties of Nanocrystalline PbSe Films

Films of nanocrystalline PbSe were fabricated with a set of structurally varied short-chain dicarboxylic acids. Oxidation rates were studied via NIR spectroscopy to determine the effect of the structure of the diacid ligands on film stability under ambient conditions. Ligands favoring a non-bridging bonding mode were found to provide the best protection against oxidation, while among ligands expected to bridge between adjacent nanocrystals in the films, those with shorter chain lengths conferred better oxidative stability. Electronic coupling was observed as a red shift in the optical data of the ground excitonic peak of the PbSe films and found to be strongly influenced by the structure of the ligand. Transport measurements were made in air using thin-film transistors that were treated with a thin Al2O3 coating via remote plasma ALD. Films prepared using fumaric, maleic, and oxalic acids yielded mobility numbers of 2.5 × 10–5, 3.7 × 10–5, and 1.6 × 10–3 cm2/V·s, respectively. Results suggest that the int.
Sangha Trinational 2020 Conservation Outlook Assessment SITE INFORMATION Country : Cameroon , Central African Republic , Congo Inscribed in : 2012

Situated in the north-western Congo Basin, where Cameroon, Central African Republic and Congo meet, the site encompasses three contiguous national parks totalling around 750,000 ha. Much of the site is unaffected by human activity and features a wide range of humid tropical forest ecosystems with rich flora and fauna, including Nile crocodiles and goliath tigerfish, a large predator. Forest clearings support herbaceous species and Sangha is home to considerable populations of forest elephants, critically endangered western lowland gorilla, and endangered chimpanzee. The site’s environment has preserved the continuation of ecological and evolutionary processes on a huge scale and great biodiversity, including many endangered animal species. © UNESCO
Persistent Photoconductivity in n-Type GaN

Persistent photoconductivity has been observed in n-type GaN:Si. The effect is seen at room temperature in both nonoptimally grown films as well as in device quality channel layers. The relaxation dynamics are found to agree with a stretched exponential model of recovery. A comparison between different samples, based upon stretched exponential parameters, Hall measurements, and photoluminescence data is made. The data suggest that the cause of persistent photoconductivity is the same among the different samples and that there is a transition in the relaxation dynamics between room temperature and 130 °C.
Comparison of Volatile Compounds in Traditional and Commercial Pixian Broad-bean Sauce by HS-SPME-GC-MS and Electronic Nose

The different volatile components of three traditional naturally fermented and one known commercial Pixian Broad-bean sauces were evaluated and compared using HS-SPME-GC-MS and electronic nose. The results showed that e-nose could distinguish traditional and commercial Pixian broad-bean sauce. A total of 53 volatile components were identified by HS-SPME-GC-MS in four kinds of Broad-bean sauce, 18 of which mainly consised of 4-ethyl-2-methoxy-Phenol, phenylethyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, benzeneacetaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-methyl benzoic acid ester. The unique commercial broad-bean sauce volatile components were chiefly from the added spices. 24 volatile components were incompletely shared in three kinds of traditional broad-bean sauce, including alcohols, esters and alkanes, which might be little useful for Pixian Broad-bean sauce flavor. Sensory analysis also indicated that there were little difference except for color in traditional and commercial Pixian Broad-bean sauce, due to different fermentation time.
, Ph . D . Between Reciprocity and Reflexivity : The Case of Czech Reciprocal Constructions

Reciprocity – generally understood as a complex of forms and patterns of mutuality, exchange and symmetry – represents a substantial factor determining human behavior. It is believed to lie at the very root of social organization and ethics and as such its study is prominent for many research domains, (König, 2011). Even within a single research field such as linguistics, reciprocity is relevant to a wide range of subdisciplines: lexical semantics, word formation, morphology, (both deep and surface) syntax as well as discourse and pragmatics. Recently, cross-linguistic manifestations of reciprocity have attracted much attention within language typology (Nedjalkov, 2007b; König and Gast, 2008; Evans et al., 2011). From the linguistic point of view, reciprocity can be characterized by the fact that two (or sporadically more) participants of the situation denoted in the sentence enter into symmetry. Reciprocal structures thus portray complex events which are characterized as involving two propositions projected onto a single clause (Evans et al., 2007). These complex events are manifested by plural meaning of participants, their symmetrical relation and double or even multiple mapping of participants onto morphosyntax. Reciprocity represents a productive process applicable to verbs allowing for mutual actions. As such, reciprocity is, on the one hand, lexically conditioned, and thus its applicability must be indicated for each relevant lexical unit in the lexicon. On the other hand, reciprocity is associated with lexical and morphosyntactic changes which are regular enough to be captured by rules. As a result, reciprocity should be treated in the grammar as well. For example, in the reciprocal sentence Martin a Ida se potkali v divadle. ‘Martin and Ida met in the theater. ’, the two participants Martin and Ida are put into symmetry; at the same time, both these participants are mapped onto two valency complementations: ‘Actor’ and ‘Patient’. ‘Actor’, expressed by the coordination (Martin a Ida ‘Martin and Ida’), occupies the subject position. Further, reciprocity is encoded here by the reflexive se (the status of the reflexive is still under discussion due to its high ambiguity, see below). As a result, this reciprocal construction can be interpreted as involving two propositions: Martin potkal Idu v divadle a zároveň Ida potkala Martina v divadle. ‘Martin met Ida in the theater and at the same time Ida met Martin in the theater. ’ Despite its large variability, reciprocity belongs to one of understudied language phenomena in the Czech linguistics. This project thus aims at providing a comprehensive theoretical account of Czech reciprocal constructions, advancing the knowledge of this complex phenomenon.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Poly-Phosphate Release from Sewage Sludge with Thermal Treatment

Phosphorus is a necessary nutrient element to all lives in the world. Distribution and phosphate rock reserves in the world disclose shortage crisis of phosphorus. Thus phosphorus recovery has been a research hot spot in the world. Mr.Ohtake’ group [1] recommended a new method to recover phosphorus from sewage sludge during heating process. It seems that nearly 90% of the poly-phosphate (poly-P) and 87% of total phosphate (T-P) can be released from cultivated sludge by heating at 70 °C for 1 hour. Meanwhile, released poly-P can precipitate with Ca in neutral condition without any pH adjustment. Sewage sludge was used in this research to identify its performance during thermal treatment. With the increase of temperature and heating time, release of poly-P and T-P increased obviously. However, poly-P would be hydrolyzed when temperature was higher than 80 °C. With addition of EDTA, release of poly-P increased nearly 100%. Migration of metal cations during thermal treatment can provide indirect evidence which kinds of metal cations would make impediment on poly-P release. A novel phenomenon was observed poly-P mixed with ortho-phosphate can precipitate with NH4+ and Mg2+ as struvite at pH 8.5.
Studies on effect of main active principles in ZHIGANCAO DECOCTION on myocardial electrophysiology

Object To study the influence of main active principles of ZHIGANCAO DECOCTIDN (ZD), glycyrrhizic acid (GA), ginseng total saponin (GTS) and Ophiopogon total saponin (OTS) on electrophysiology of isolated rat myocardium Methods The influence of GA, GTS and OTS on the automaticity, excitability and functional refractory period of isolated rat atrium and papillary muscle were studied in comparison with ZD made free of the above said active ingredients Results The combine use of GA, GTS and OTS significantly decreased the automaticity, inhibited excitaibility and prolonged the functional refractory period of isolated rat atrium; decreased the automaticity and arrhythmia of papillary muscle induced by epinephrine, while ZD made free of GS, GTS and OTS showed much less effect than the intact decoction Conclusion GA, GTS and OTS proved to be the main effective ingredients responsible for the antiarrhythmic activity of ZD
Re-exploring testosterone metabolism : new insights for doping control

La deteccion de esteroides androgenicos anabolizantes endogenos (EAAE) es uno de los retos analiticos mas dificiles en la lucha contra el dopaje. El problema mas importante para su deteccion es distinguir entre concentraciones endogenas y aquellas que se observan despues de la administracion exogena de un EAAE. Los metodos de cribado para la deteccion de EAAE estan basados en la determinacion del perfil esteroideo y la introduccion de este en el pasaporte biologico del atleta. La inclusion de nuevos metabolitos de esteroides puede ayudar a mejorar las capacidades de cribado del perfil esteroideo. Por tanto, el objetivo de esta tesis es detectar y caracterizar nuevos metabolitos de EAAE que puedan incluirse en el actual perfil esteroideo y la evaluacion de su utilidad en la lucha contra el dopaje. Cuatro metabolitos desconocidos de la testosterona fueron detectados y caracterizados mediante la utilizacion de la cromatografia liquida acoplada a la espectrometria de masas en tandem. El origen de estos compuestos se demostro que provenia de la degradacion de conjugados con cisteina. La formacion de estos conjugados implica la adicion de un doble enlace como reaccion metabolica de fase I acompanado por la conjugacion con glutationa y la subsiguiente degradacion de esta a cisteina en orina. Para poder ver su aplicacion en el campo del dopaje, se desarrollo y valido un metodo para la cuantificacion indirecta de estos compuestos en orina. Utilizando este metodo se establecieron limites de referencia basados en el analisis de 174 muestras de orina. Adicionalmente, diferentes factores descritos que pueden afectar la excrecion en orina de estos compuestos tambien fueron estudiados en detalle. Finalmente, se evaluo la utilidad de estos metabolitos conjugados con cisteina para la deteccion del abuso de EAAE mediante el analisis de muestras tras la administracion de diferentes EAAE. El uso de estos metabolitos mejoro (en algunos casos) los tiempos de deteccion comparandolos con los actuales marcadores utilizados en rutina.
Mixed Micellization Behavior of Gemini (Cationic Ester-Bonded) Surfactants with Conventional (Cationic, Anionic and Nonionic) Surfactants in Aqueous Medium

Abstract Two cationic ester-bonded cleavable gemini surfactants of different hydrophobic chain length ethane-1,2-diyl bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-alkylammoniumacetoxy)dichloride, CnH2n+1(CH3)2N+(CH2COOCH2)2N+(CH3)2CnH2n+1. 2Cl- (n-E2-n, n=12, 16), having ester linkage in the spacer, were synthesized adopting the reported procedure. Physicochemical properties of the single and binary gemini-conventional mixed micelles of different mole fractions were studied by conductivity measurements at 30 ºC. The conventional surfactants used were: DTAC (dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride), CTAC (hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride), CPC (cetylpyridinium chloride), SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), SDBS (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate), TX-100 (t-octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol) and Brij 58 (polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl ether). Whereas the critical micelle concentration (cmc) values for the dicationic geminis (12-E2-12 and 16-E2-16) were found to be very low as compared to the respective monomeric surfactant with the same number of carbon atoms in the hydrophobic chain per hydrophilic head group, those for all the binary systems were found to be less than the ideal cmc values studied at different mole fractions of the geminis. This synergistic interaction between the surfactants has been analyzed in the light of various theoretical models such as Clint, Rubingh, Motomura and Maeda.
Empowering Destinations After-COVID. Boosting Confidence through the SDGs Application and the ‘Glocal’ Development

We are facing the most unexpected situation in the travel & tourism industry: An industry that has shut down due to closed borders and confinements of entire cities, etc. (Qiu et al., 2020). In this paper, we want to share a suitable (feasible) way to empower destinations after the crisis caused by covid-19. To be able to leave this stage of health safety and security crisis behind, an involved collaboration between all the stakeholders is imperative. This includes actors from the public sector to the smallest private tourism companies, and it involves local citizens as well as the different social collectives. This collaboration must be based on an atmosphere of common trust that creates the foundations for paradigm of global recovery thinking but acting at a local level. This, in turn must take inspiration and action from the application of the sdgs, not leaving anyone behind, neither tourism industry professionals nor the social movements born as a result of this pandemic. It is time for using this 'glocal' vision to strengthen destinations.
Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Lysmata debelius (Decapoda: Hippolytidae)

Abstract Despite its wide distribution in the Indo–Pacific region and its popularity as an aquarium species, genetic studies on Lysmata debelius remain very limited. In this study, we obtained and characterized the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of L. debelius. Results showed that the mitogenome was 16,757 bp in length and consisted of 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes. Fourteen genes were light-strand encoded and 23 genes were heavy-strand encoded. The A + T content of the heavy strand was 67.16%. All PCGs had ATN as the start codon. Eight PCGs terminated with a complete stop codon of TAN, and five PCGs (ND3, ND5, ND4, Cox2, and Cytb) had an incomplete stop codon. The phylogeny of 42 shrimp species showed that all three Lysmata species were clustered together. The newly described mitogenome should provide valuable data for phylogenetic analysis of Hippolytidae.