Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Place-based management can reduce human impacts on coral reefs in a changing climate.

Declining natural resources have contributed to a cultural renaissance across the Pacific that seeks to revive customary ridge-to-reef management approaches to protect freshwater and restore abundant coral reef fisheries. We applied a linked land-sea modeling framework based on remote sensing and empirical data, which couples groundwater nutrient export and coral reef models at fine spatial resolution. This spatially explicit (60 × 60 m) framework simultaneously tracks changes in multiple benthic and fish indicators as a function of community-led marine closures, land-use and climate change scenarios. We applied this framework in Hā'ena and Ka'ūpūlehu, located at opposite ends of the Hawaiian Archipelago to investigate the effects of coastal development and marine closures on coral reefs in the face of climate change. Our results indicated that projected coastal development and bleaching can result in a significant decrease in benthic habitat quality and community-led marine closures can result in a significant increase in fish biomass. In general, Ka'ūpūlehu is more vulnerable to land-based nutrients and coral bleaching than Hā'ena due to high coral cover and limited dilution and mixing from low rainfall and wave power, except for the shallow and wave-sheltered back-reef areas of Hā'ena, which support high coral cover and act as nursery habitat for fishes. By coupling spatially explicit land-sea models with scenario planning, we identified priority areas on land where upgrading cesspools can reduce human impacts on coral reefs in the face of projected climate change impacts.
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Current systems used by medical institutions for the management and transfer of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) can be vulnerable to security and privacy threats. In addition, these systems are centralized, often lack interoperability, and give patients limited or no access to their own EMRs. In this article, we propose a novel distributed data sharing scheme that applies the security benefits of blockchain to address these concerns. We deploy smart contracts on Ethereum blockchain and utilize a distributed storage system to alleviate the dependence on the record-generating institutions to manage and share patient records. To preserve privacy of patient records, we implement our smart contracts as a method to allow patients to verify attributes prior to granting access rights. Our proposed scheme also facilitates selective sharing of medical records among staff members that belong to different levels of a hierarchical institution. We provide extensive security, privacy, and evaluation analyses to show that our proposed scheme is both efficient and practical.
The Origin and Evolution of Release Factors: Implications for Translation Termination, Ribosome Rescue, and Quality Control Pathways

The evolution of release factors catalyzing the hydrolysis of the final peptidyl-tRNA bond and the release of the polypeptide from the ribosome has been a longstanding paradox. While the components of the translation apparatus are generally well-conserved across extant life, structurally unrelated release factor peptidyl hydrolases (RF-PHs) emerged in the stems of the bacterial and archaeo-eukaryotic lineages. We analyze the diversification of RF-PH domains within the broader evolutionary framework of the translation apparatus. Thus, we reconstruct the possible state of translation termination in the Last Universal Common Ancestor with possible tRNA-like terminators. Further, evolutionary trajectories of the several auxiliary release factors in ribosome quality control (RQC) and rescue pathways point to multiple independent solutions to this problem and frequent transfers between superkingdoms including the recently characterized ArfT, which is more widely distributed across life than previously appreciated. The eukaryotic RQC system was pieced together from components with disparate provenance, which include the long-sought-after Vms1/ANKZF1 RF-PH of bacterial origin. We also uncover an under-appreciated evolutionary driver of innovation in rescue pathways: effectors deployed in biological conflicts that target the ribosome. At least three rescue pathways (centered on the prfH/RFH, baeRF-1, and C12orf65 RF-PH domains), were likely innovated in response to such conflicts.
Systems Approach to Identify Common Genes and Pathways Associated with Response to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Major Depression Risk

Despite numerous studies on major depressive disorder (MDD) susceptibility, the precise underlying molecular mechanism has not been elucidated which restricts the development of etiology-based disease-modifying drug. Major depressive disorder treatment is still symptomatic and is the leading cause of (~30%) failure of the current antidepressant therapy. Here we comprehended the probable genes and pathways commonly associated with antidepressant response and MDD. A systematic review was conducted, and candidate genes/pathways associated with antidepressant response and MDD were identified using an integrative genetics approach. Initially, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)/genes found to be significantly associated with antidepressant response were systematically reviewed and retrieved from the candidate studies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Also, significant variations concerning MDD susceptibility were extracted from GWAS only. We found 245 (Set A) and 800 (Set B) significantly associated genes with antidepressant response and MDD, respectively. Further, gene set enrichment analysis revealed the top five co-occurring molecular pathways (p ≤ 0.05) among the two sets of genes: Cushing syndrome, Axon guidance, cAMP signaling pathway, Insulin secretion, and Glutamatergic synapse, wherein all show a very close relation to synaptic plasticity. Integrative analyses of candidate gene and genome-wide association studies would enable us to investigate the putative targets for the development of disease etiology-based antidepressant that might be more promising than current ones.
Multi-View Tensor Sparse Representation Model for SAR Target Recognition

The local structure feature of the target in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image and the inner correlation among multiple SAR images of the same target can effectively improve the recognition performance. In order to utilize these two kinds of information, we propose the multi-view tensor sparse representation (MTSR) model for SAR target recognition. In the proposed model, the SAR image is treated as tensor and represented by the dictionaries on each dimension of the image and corresponding sparse representation coefficient tensor (SRCT). For multi-view SAR images of one target, we design the proposed model by letting the SRCTs of those images have the same structure, which means that the non-zero elements of those SRCTs have the same coordinates. In order to solve the proposed model, we propose the joint tensor orthogonal matching pursuit (JT-OMP) algorithm to calculate the SRCTs of multiple views. JT-OMP ensures that all the SRCTs have the same structure by looking for the atoms of dictionaries that can contribute the total maximum energy for all multi-view tensors in every iteration. To achieve recognition, we construct two dictionaries for each class and compare the total sparse representation error of multi-view SAR images in each class. The experiments conducted on the moving and stationary target acquisition recognition database (MSTAR) verify the performance of the proposed algorithm.
The match-play sprint performance of elite senior hurlers during competitive games

The typical sprint profile in elite hurling has yet to be established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sprinting demands of elite hurling competition and characterize the sprinting patterns of different playing positions. GPS (10-Hz, STATSports Viper) were used to collect data from 51 hurlers during 18 games. The total sprint (≥22 km·h-1) distance (TSD), the number of sprints (NOS) classified as length (<20 m, ≥20 m) and relative speed thresholds (<80%, 80–90%, >90%), the between-sprint duration and the number of repeated-sprint bouts (≥2 sprints in ≤60 s) were analyzed. The NOS was 22.2 ± 6.8 accumulating 415 ± 140 m TSD. The NOS <20 m, ≥20 m was 14.0 ± 4.7 and 8.1 ± 3.6 respectively. The NOS <80%, 80–90% and >90% was 10.6 ± 4.3, 8.2 ± 3.6, 3.4 ± 2.4 respectively. The between-sprint duration and the repeated-sprint bouts were 208 ± 86 s and 4.5 ± 2.6 respectively. TSD (ES = -0.20), NOS (ES = -0.34), NOS <20 m (ES = -0.33), ≥20 m (ES = -0.24), 80–90% (ES = -0.35) >90% (ES = -0.13) and repeated-sprint bouts (ES = -0.28) decreased between-halves. Full-backs performed a lower NOS <80% than half-backs (ES = -0.66) and a shorter mean duration of sprints than half-backs (ES = -0.75), midfielders (ES = -1.00) and full-forwards (ES = -0.59). These findings provide a sprint profile of elite hurling match-play that coaches should consider to replicate the sprint demands of competition in training.
Investigation of Bandgap Engineering of Gallium Zinc Oxide-Based Ultraviolet Photodetector by Mist Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition

This paper presents the Ga<sub>x</sub>Zn<sub>1−x</sub>O (x = 0, 0.1, and 0.3)-based photodetectors (PDs) by using mist atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to characterize crystal orientation, chemical qualitative, and quantitative characteristics of the Ga<sub>x</sub>Zn<sub>1−x</sub> (x = 0, 0.1, and 0.3) thin films. The photoluminescence is used to observe the near-band-edge emission and trap energy level. Among these three PDs, the Ga<sub>0.3</sub>Zn<sub>0.7</sub>O-based PD shows the lowest dark current, smallest noise current, and shortest response time. Furthermore, the Ga<sub>0.3</sub>Zn<sub>0.7</sub>O-based PD exhibits higher UV-B to UV-A rejection ratio and higher UV-B to visible rejection ratio. It is found that the cutoff wavelength is tunable by changing Ga contents in Ga<sub>x</sub>Zn<sub>1−x</sub> thin films.
Water Pollution

Water pollution is a major problem in the global environment. This necessitates continuing assessment and review of water resource policy at all levels. The main objectives of this article are to investigate major sources of water pollution, water resource policies and challenges to improve water quality in Malaysia. The findings indicate that the major problem associated with water pollution is that human heart and kidneys can be adversely affected if polluted water is consumed regularly. Other health problems associated with polluted water are poor blood circulation, skin lesions, vomiting, cholera, gastroenteritis and damage to the nervous system. It also highlighted that residential, agricultural and industrial wastes are three main sources of river pollution in Malaysia. This article also identified several challenges fronting as rural water supply and sanitation, recreational water and safe drinking water in Malaysia. Finally, we discuss the water resource policies in Malaysia and provide some recommendations that will be helpful for policymakers to improve river water quality, particularly in Malaysia.
Usability evaluation of centered time cartograms

Abstract A time cartogram visualizes travelling-times between locations. It replaces the geographic distance by time distance and distorts the underlyingmap accordingly. By distorting themap, time cartogramsmay give a more intuitive and clear picture of travelling-times. The distortion of the map, however, can make time cartograms harder to recognize and use. Although cartograms are becoming widespread in use, very little is known about their usability. This study focuses on the usability of centered time cartograms: time cartograms that visualize travellingtimes from a fixed starting location to other destinations in a region. We created several centered time cartograms to answer spatio-temporal questions related to the Dutch railway network. Two experiments were performed: a laboratory test and an online survey. In the laboratory test, we used eye-tracking, thinking aloud, and video-recording to compare four different designs of centered time cartograms to find out which one (or combination) of these performs better in answering spatiotemporal questions and thus, to establish a favorable design strategy for these cartograms. In the online survey, centered time cartograms were evaluated against a geographic and schematic map for accuracy, response time, and preference. The first experiment suggested that among various designs, the centered time cartogram with emphasized railroads is the most preferred design and the centered time cartogram without railroads is the least preferred. The second experiment indicated that overall, centered time cartograms perform better than the two other solutions in performing spatio-temporal tasks, particularly when the task has a dominant time-related component.
THE 2008-2009 EXCAVATIONS AT THE SAC LOCALITY, REBER-RAKIVAL LAPITA SITE, WATOM ISLAND, PAPUA NEW GUINEA

The Reber-Rakival site on Watom Island is of particular significance, as it is the first place where what is now known as Lapita pottery was found, by a German missionary in 1909. It is also significant as a Lapita-era burial site, although there has been much debate about the exact relationship between the burials and the Lapita occupation. In 2008 and 2009 an Otago University/Otago Museum/Papua New Guinea expedition carried out new excavations at the SAC site in Rakival Village, in order to increase the sample size of both burials and ceramics, and to address some of the ogoing debates. The expedition found more burials, Lapita ceramics and associated artefactual material, and while it confirmed the relationship between the burials and the Lapita occupation, it also found that previous excavations had not reached the base of the site, and evidence of human occuption was found up to 0.8m deeper than previously known. Based on this work, a refined stratigraphic sequence is presented, with 7 layers replacing the old 4 zone model that has been used to date. This paper presents the description and interpretation of the SAC locatily at Watom, and provides a basis for other more specialist papers that are in preparation.
Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics

​ *Corresponding author's address: Meyer Sound Labs, Inc., 2832 San Pablo Av.e, Berkeley, CA 94702, ellison@meyersound.com Teleconferencing, classrooms, lectures, drama, and worship all rely on spoken word to convey a message. The successful receipt of the message is largely dependent on the acoustic of the room, the vessel for the message, both in amplified and unamplified situations. A room that supports teleconferencing well will have minimal early reflections and reverberation, yet the same room may be used in a classroom environment that would benefit from early reflections. Active acoustic systems can be used to provide this acoustic energy. Early Reflection Benefit (ERB) will be revisited, and an active acoustic system utilized for speech will be described.
Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics

The Mekong River spans thousands of kilometers, flows through six countries and its basin is one of the world's richest in terms of biodiversity. However, land-use changes, dredging of the river bed and the construction of dams are changing its sediment dynamics and morphology, with consequences such as increased bank erosion and reduction in sediment supply to floodplains. In order to monitor these changes, the current conditions must be well understood. Comprehensive measurements of the spatial distribution of sediment (both suspended and bed load) were made at three locations in different physiographic regions of the Lower Mekong at the end of the 2012 rainy season. Data are presented from the Luang Prabang site. Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers and a multi-frequency acoustic backscatter system, the AQUAscat, were used in combination with water sampling to provide high resolution measurements of concentration and grain size. The AQUAscat consisted of four monostatic transducers operating at 0.5, 1, 2.5 and 4 MHz. It was deployed horizontally at four across-stream positions and 4-6 depths per vertical; a 10 m profile was recorded at each point. Particle size and concentration are determined from the multifrequency attenuation data. This data set provides a baseline for future measurements.
Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics

In the paper the results of the ultrasonic velocity and absorption measurements were presented, as well as the thickness in water mixtures of some glycols. The experiments were provided in the temperature range from 291.15 to 303.15 K for whole molar fraction. Adiabatic compressibilities were calculated from Laplace's equation based on the experimental results obtained. Variations of these values with concentration and temperature were studied. Structural interactions and the formation of a compact pseudostable structure at very low concentrations of ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycols were observed. The plots of the adiabatic compressibility versus the mole fraction of PEG and EG display two characteristic points at low concentrations: the intersection of the isotherms and their minimum. Such relations between adiabatic compressibility, concentration and temperature are usually attributed to the formation of pseudo-stable molecular structures. To formulate a model of local structures present in the investigated molecular systems it is indispensable to get an insight into hydration of molecules and the formation of hydrogen bonds.
Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics

This paper focuses on the experimental and numerical studies of acoustic cavitation induced micro bubbles in a standing waveguide filled with water. It is shown that the cylindrical geometry of the system used in this study allows the micro bubbles to self organize into particular patterns. At high pressure amplitudes, the cavitation bubbles tend to aggregate into well know cluster patterns and at relatively low pressure amplitudes, the cavitation micro bubbles aggregate into ring patterns. This study highlights that the shape of these ring patterns is directly related to the Bjerknes force distribution in the resonator. It is also shown both experimentally and numerically that cavitation bubbles may exhibit spiraling behavior around this ring pattern. This spiraling phenomena is numerically studied and the conditions for which a single cavitation bubble follows an orbital trajectory in the cylindrical waveguide are established, and the influences of the acoustic pressure amplitude and the initial bubble radius are investigated.
Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics

At the School of Architecture, Lund University Sweden, courses are taught in different ways. A large part of the education during year one and two is held as "studios", doing creative (individual) project work. Usually acoustics courses rather correspond to the traditional engineering education style, using lectures, exercises, small project works and final written examination. The problem is that many students don't know how to use the gathered information in their creative works. The aim of the study covered by this paper was to improve upon the existing teaching/learning of the fundamental acoustics principles scheme by introducing new methodologies. In order to achieve our goal, we gave the students two different assignments: In the first assignment, the students had to produce short educational movies to explain and teach acoustics principles to their peers. In the second assignment, they should implement the new knowledge gathered in the first assignment into their individual creative projects
Broad-scale assumptions on available pasture resources and reindeer’s habitat preferences shown to be decoupled from ecological reality of arctic-alpine landscapes

Today’s overall challenges of reindeer pastoralism, i.e., pasture degradation, climate change, conflicting land use, and predation as well as the underlying meshwork of ecology, socio-economy, culture, and politics requires further research. Overutilization of pastures, reinforced by their general loss has led to a decrease in body weight of reindeer, higher mortality, and lower reproduction in parts of Fennoscandia; therefore, this calls for sustainable pasture management based on adapted pasture utilization. This study focuses on different regions in Norway and contributes to current research by implementing and testing a new methodological framework that aims at the joint evaluation of fine-scale spatio-temporal patterns of pasture resources and their actual utilization from a reindeer’s perspective, including an upscaling to spatial entities relevant for management. While we gained valuable insights into the micro-spatial heterogeneity of arctic-alpine ecosystems in terms of pasture resources to be determined by interacting ecological processes and functionalities rather than structures, it were exactly these processes and functionalities that rendered any meaningful upscaling impossible: functionally decoupled from patterns at a broader scale, they could not be derived from the commonly available broad-scale structural data. Hence, approaches that integrate over the microspatial variability of arctic-alpine environments along with models that estimate pasture resources must lead to miscalculations of the available resources. Additionally, our findings on habitat preferences, which mirror the available usable resources, point to the fact that organisms experience their environment neither at coarse nor single scales, indicating that any aggregation bias can be significant in projections that do not consider the appropriate scales and inherent functionalities when judging available resources to be utilized. Inaccurately estimated available pasture resources and a utilization of these resources by reindeer that is highly variable in space and time (and thus cannot be described by a single model) have important implications for the management of reindeer pastoralism. Currently, only rough guidelines can be provided; these guidelines need to be combined with the traditional knowledge of the herders to achieve an optimal utilization of the pastures.