Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Two Different Density Estimation Techniques for Multi-Phase Flow Simulations Using SPH

Abstract Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a meshfree, Lagrangian method, highly suitable for numerical simulation of free-surface and interfacial flows. In the SPH literature, several numerical algorithms have been proposed for solving multi-phase fluid flow problems. One of the fundamental distinction between different methods hinges on the density estimation procedure. The present study assesses two such methods viz. the summation and continuity density approach. For these two methods, we perform a comparative analysis of accuracy, convergence, stability and energy conservation. The multi-phase flow simulations involve density ratio r = (), ranging from 1 to 1000. The benchmark problems chosen for the analysis are dam break, bubble rise in a water column, Rayleigh–Taylor instability and non-Boussinesq lock exchange. The numerical solution for these problems is validated with experimental and other numerical benchmark results available in the literature. From detailed multi-phase flow simulations, it was observed that, for low density ratios, the continuity density algorithm provides better accuracy and energy conservation, whereas for high density ratios (), summation density algorithm is preferable.
IMPLEMENTASI PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH OLEH BADAN PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN, PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN DAERAH DI KABUPATEN SUMEDANG

Perencanaan pembangunan merupakan proses dalam menetapkan suatu capaian yang terarah dengan adanya program dan sasaran, implementasi dan evaluasi. Masalah tersebut telah menunjukkan bagaimana Bappppeda sebagai perangkat daerah dalam implementasi peningkatan kualitas perencanaan pembangunan daerah. Kami menganalisis kualitas perencanaan berdasarkan indikator yang diimplementasikan pada Bappppeda Kabupaten Sumedang dan memberikan hasil yang akan berkontribusi pada pengembangan bidang perencanaan pembangunan. Dalam artikel ini, kami berpendapat bahwa kualitas perencanaan pembanguan yang baik dapat dilihat dengan penerapan prinsip-prinsip tata kelola perencanaan yang baik. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari studi literatur dan data sekunder (peraturan perundang-undangan, dokumen dan laporan perencanaan). Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa adanya kualitas perencanaan pembangunan pada Bappppeda Kabupaten Sumedang dapat diunggulkan dengan adanya peningkatan pada keterlibatan unsur pemangku kepentingan dan peningkatan intensitas koordinasi perencanaan antar perangkat daerah yang terlibat dengan Bappppeda. Sedangkan hambatan yang ditemui yaitu proses pemantauan dan evaluasi terutama pada optimalisasi quality control data. Kata Kunci: Perencanaan Pembangunan, Kualitas Perencanaan, Implementasi Pembangunan
Development of a web application with Shiny/R to promote the teaching-learning of Statistics

: This article presents the experience of developing a virtual laboratory prototype to promote the teaching-learning of statistics through the Shiny package of the statistical software R. Shiny allows the creation of a user interface based on buttons and selection windows that allow interaction with elements presented to the user. The aim of this study is to show the general structure and the considerations of developing a tool of this type, including the modules for the main interface, the activities included in the virtual laboratory and the possible interaction options, mentioning its limitations. The programmed modules focused on simple and multiple linear regression analysis considering the study of the assumptions of this type of models. In conclusion, Shiny is a powerful tool to create technological teaching tools, since it allows the creation of friendly modules that facilitate the application of statistical content. This study is recommended for those who are new to interactive application development and have considered open-source software as a resource.
Crohn’s Disease is a Greater Risk Factor for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Compared to Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review

Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are inflammatory bowel diseases that have been associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This systematic review aimed to examine whether Crohn's disease confers a greater risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease compared to ulcerative colitis. A comprehensive search of electronic databases from January 2000 to May 2023 was conducted to identify observational studies investigating the association between Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 checklist ensured transparent reporting, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality. Data synthesis revealed higher nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence among Crohn's disease patients compared to ulcerative colitis patients across regions. Ten studies published between 2016 and 2022, encompassing a total of 4164 participants from three continents, were included in the review. The median proportion of Crohn's disease patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was 37.22% (range: 10.95-53.80%), while it was 27.55% (range: 8.60-46.20%) for ulcerative colitis patients. Subgroup analysis by region confirmed CD's higher NAFLD risk. Median proportions for CD patients who developed NAFLD from North America, Europe, and Asia were 25.97% (range: 14.6-37.33%), 47.01% (range: 14.2-53.8%), and 20.78% (range: 10.95-30.6%), respectively, and the median proportion of persons with UC who developed NAFLD in studies from North America, Europe, and Asia were 17.28% (range: 8.6-25.96%), 37.70% (range: 25.64-46.20%), and 19.52% (range: 10.14-28.90%), respectively. Variations suggest differing mechanisms, disease features, and therapeutics. Transmural inflammation in Crohn's disease may increase metabolic abnormalities, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Geographic differences in lifestyle, genetics, and environmental variables may also contribute. This review demonstrates that Crohn's disease patients face a higher nonalcoholic fatty liver disease risk than ulcerative colitis patients, emphasizing the need for early monitoring and prevention. Further studies are warranted to understand mechanisms and develop tailored management approaches.
Declassified Intelligence Satellite Photography (DISP) Coverage of Antarctica

This report summarizes the results of a nine-week summer project examining all Declassified Intelligence Satellite Photography (DISP) of Antarctica. It was discovered that the data were collected in three separate missions during 1962 and 1963. The first two missions covered only the coastal areas, while the third mission covered the entire continent. Many of the 1782 frames collected were cloudy. This is especially true of West Antarctica. An optimal set of photographs covering the entire Antarctic coastline is identified along with some examples that show changes in the coastline which have occurred since the early 1960s.
ORIENTASI BERMUKIM MASYARAKAT PESISIR TELUK PALU PASCA BENCANA TSUNAMI (STUDI KASUS PADA KELURAHAN MAMBORO BARAT DAN KELURAHAN PANAU)

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui orientasi bermukim masyarakat pesisir Teluk Palu pasca bencana tsunami terkhususnya pada kelurahan Mamboro Barat dan kelurahan Panau dan alasan masyarakat masih bermukim di kawasan zona merah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan keruangan. Subyek dalam penelitian ini yaitu masyarakat yang membangun kembali di kawasan zona merah. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa : (1) Pengalaman masyarakat didapatkan hampir keseluruhan responden masyarakat memiliki pengalaman yang cukup banyak di daerah rawan bencana tsunami. (2) Pengetahuan masyarakat didapatkan masyarakat sudah memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup mengenai tentang bahaya tsunami, akan tetapi masyarakat masih kurang pemahaman terkait jenis bangunan yang seperti apa dapat mengurangi dari dampak bencana tsunami. (3) Orientasi bermukim atau sudut pandang masyarakat yang masih tinggal di kawasan zona merah menunjukan masyarakat masih kembali bermukim dikawasan zona merah dengan alasan yang berbeda dimana daerah yang mereka tempati saat ini merupakan tempat mereka bekerja untuk mencari nafkah sehari-hari sehingga jika mereka pindah mereka tidak dapat menemukan pekerjaan mereka yang sejak lama mereka tekuni, adapun alasan lain masyarakat masih menempati zona merah dikarenakan lahan rumah yang mereka tempati saat ini rugi untuk di tinggalkan.
Parvovirus B19 DNA and antibodies in Chinese plasma donors, plasma pools and plasma derivatives

Background Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a common contaminant found in plasma pools and plasma derivatives. Previous studies were mainly focused on limited aspects, further assessment of prevalence of B19V DNA and antibodies in plasma donors, the contamination of B19V in pooled plasma and plasma derivatives should be performed in China. Study Design and Methods Individual plasma donors’ samples from four provinces and pooled plasma from four Chinese blood product manufacturers were collected and screened using B19V DNA diagnostic kits between October 2018 and May 2020. The positive samples were investigated for the seroprevalence of B19V antibodies and subjected to sequence analysis and alignment for phylogenetic studies. Moreover, 11 plasma donors who were B19V DNA-positive at their first testing were also followed during the later donation period. Additionally, 400 plasma pools and 20 batches of plasma derivatives produced by pooled plasma with a viral load of B19V DNA exceeding 104IU/mL were also collected and tested for B19V DNA and antibodies. Objectives To comprehensively and systematically determine the frequency and viral load of B19V DNA in plasma donors, pooled plasma, and plasma derivatives from four Chinese blood product manufacturers. Results A total of 17,187 plasma donors were analyzed and 44 (0.26%) specimens were found positive for B19V DNA. The quantitative DNA levels ranged from 1.01 × 101 to 5.09 × 1012 IU/mL. Forty-four DNA-positive specimens were also investigated for the seroprevalence of B19V antibodies, 75.0% and 2.3% of which were seropositive for B19V IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. The phylogenic analyses showed that the prevalent genotypes in the four provinces’ plasma donors belonged to B19V Genotype 1. Eleven individual plasma donors who were B19V DNA-positive at the first donation were then followed for a period, and in general, the DNA levels of B19V gradually decreased. Moreover, 64.8% (259/400) of the pooled plasma was contaminated by B19V, with concentrations of 1.05 × 100–3.36 × 109IU/mL. Approximately 72.6% of the DNA-positive plasma pools were only moderately contaminated (<104 IU/mL), while 27.4% contained >104 IU/mL. Twenty batches of plasma derivatives produced by pooled plasma with a viral load of B19V DNA exceeding 104IU/mL were also tested. B19V was detected in 5/5 PCC samples and 5/5 factor VIII samples but was not found in the intravenous immune globulin and albumin samples. Conclusion The contamination of B19V in pooled plasma and plasma-derived clotting factor concentrates is serious. Whether B19V nucleic acid testing (NAT) screening of plasma and plasma derivatives is launched in China, blood product manufacturers should spontaneously perform B19V NAT screening in plasma donors and mini-pool plasma. These measures can ensure that samples with high titer B19V DNA are discarded in order to prevent and control this transfusion transmitted virus.
The Effects of Bisphenol A on Human Male Infertility: A Review of Current Epidemiological Studies

Endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs) can have a harmful effect on the human body’s endocrine system and thus adversely affect the development, reproduction, neurological, cardiovascular, and immune systems and metabolism in humans and wildlife. According to the World Health Organization, EDCs are mostly man-made and found ubiquitously in our daily lives, notably in pesticides, metals, and additives or contaminants in food and personal care products. Human exposure occurs through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a proven EDC capable of mimicking or blocking receptors and altering hormone concentrations and metabolism. Although consumed in low doses, it can stimulate cellular responses and affect the body’s functions. In humans, exposure to BPA has been correlated with the onset or development of several diseases. This literature review aimed to verify the effects of BPA on human male infertility using the most recently published literature. Thus, this review allowed us to conclude that this compound seems to have harmful effects on human male fertility, causing changes in hormonal and semen characteristics. However, these conclusions lack more robust and reproducible scientific studies. Even so, and since male infertility prevalence is increasing, preventive measures must be taken to ensure male fertility.
Doing arithmetic by hand: Hand movements during exact arithmetic reveal systematic, dynamic spatial processing

Mathematics requires precise inferences about abstract objects inaccessible to perception. How is this possible? One proposal is that mathematical reasoning, while concerned with entirely abstract objects, nevertheless relies on neural resources specialized for interacting with the world—in other words, mathematics may be grounded in spatial or sensorimotor systems. Mental arithmetic, for instance, could involve shifts in spatial attention along a mental “number-line”, the product of cultural artefacts and practices that systematically spatialize number and arithmetic. Here, we investigate this hypothesized spatial processing during exact, symbolic arithmetic (e.g., 4 + 3 = 7). Participants added and subtracted single-digit numbers and selected the exact solution from responses in the top corners of a computer monitor. While they made their selections using a computer mouse, we recorded the movement of their hand as indexed by the streaming x, y coordinates of the computer mouse cursor. As predicted, hand.
Integration of Deep Learning for Automatic Recognition of 2D Engineering Drawings

In an environment where manufacturing precision requirements are increasing, complete project plans can consist of hundreds of engineering drawings. The presentation of these drawings often varies based on personal preferences, leading to inconsistencies in format and symbols. The lack of standardization in these aspects can result in inconsistent interpretations during subsequent analysis. Therefore, proper annotation of engineering drawings is crucial as it determines product quality, subsequent inspections, and processing costs. To reduce the time and cost associated with interpreting and analyzing drawings, as well as to minimize human errors in judgment, we developed an engineering drawing recognition system. This study employs geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) in accordance with the ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Y14.5 2018 specification to describe the language of engineering drawings. Additionally, PyTorch, OpenCV, and You Only Look Once (YOLO) are utilized for training. Existing 2D engineering drawings serve as the training data, and image segmentation is performed to identify objects such as dimensions, tolerances, functional frames, and geometric symbols in the drawings using the network model. By reading the coordinates corresponding to each object, the correct values are displayed. Real-world cases are utilized to train the model with multiple engineering drawings containing mixed features, resulting in recognition capabilities surpassing those of single-feature identification. This approach improves the recognition accuracy of deep learning models and makes engineering drawing and image recognition more practical. The recognition results are directly stored in a database, reducing product verification time and preventing errors that may occur due to manual data entry, thereby avoiding subsequent quality control issues. The accuracy rates achieved are as follows: 85% accuracy in detecting views in 2D engineering drawings, 70% accuracy in detecting annotation groups and annotations, and 80% accuracy in text and symbol recognition.
El decaimiento libre de flujos turbulentos rotantes

En esta tesis se presenta un estudio detallado del decaimiento libre de flujos turbulentos rotantes tridimensionales (3D), y de flujos rotantes y estratificados en la aproximacion cuasi-geostrofica de superficie, sometidos a distintas condiciones iniciales. En el caso de la turbulencia rotante 3D se usa la conocida cuasi- bidimensionalizacion para predecir [. ]
Collaborative Governance: Private Roles for Public Goals in Turbulent Times

All too often government lacks the skill, the will, and the wallet to meet its missions. Schools fall short of the mark while roads and bridges fall into disrepair. Health care costs too much and delivers too little. Budgets bleed red ink as the cost of services citizens want outstrips the taxes they are willing to pay. Collaborative Governance is the first book to offer solutions by demonstrating how government at every level can engage the private sector to overcome seemingly insurmountable problems and achieve public goals more effectively John Donahue and Richard Zeckhauser show how the public sector can harness private expertise to bolster productivity, capture information, and augment resources. The authors explain how private engagement in public missions--rightly structured and skillfully managed--is not so much an alternative to government as the way smart government ought to operate. The key is to carefully and strategically grant discretion to private entities, whether for-profit or nonprofit, in ways that simultaneously motivate and empower them to create public value. Drawing on a host of real-world examples-including charter schools, job training, and the resurrection of New York's Central Park--they show how, when, and why collaboration works, and also under what circumstances it doesn't. Collaborative Governance reveals how the collaborative approach can be used to tap the resourcefulness and entrepreneurship of the private sector, and improvise fresh, flexible solutions to today's most pressing public challenges.
Deviation of behavioural and productive parameters in dairy cows due to a lameness event: a synthesis of reviews

Abstract Lameness is a widespread multifactorial condition affecting the health and performance of dairy cows. Despite the growing support by precision farming technologies, farmers still lack reliable data-driven tools to early identify lame cows. This study used a synthesis of reviews to identify cow’s behavioural and productive parameters most related to lameness and estimate their deviation due to a lameness event. The methodological approach used reviews as starting point to identify the most pertinent studies with the intention of extracting and analysing data from these primary studies. The final dataset used information collected from 31 research papers, cited in 15 reviews, and involved more than 25,000 dairy cows. Five parameters were suitable for the meta-analysis: one about eating behaviour (eating time), three regarding activity and resting behaviour (lying bouts, lying bout duration and lying time) and milk yield. The meta-analysis revealed that all parameters had a significant deviation in cows affected by lameness. The calculation of the pooled means allowed to quantify a mean value for the deviation imposed by a severe lameness event from the value recorded on nonlame cows. Compared to a nonlame animal, a lame cow had a significant negative deviation for eating time (−39 min/day), number of lying bouts (−0.5/day), and milk yield (−3 kg/day). Lame cows had positive deviations for lying bout duration (+12 min/bout) and daily lying time (+42 min/day). The individual or combined use of these mean deviation values as alarm reference thresholds could improve the accuracy of the current automated lameness detection systems. HIGHLIGHTS Feeding and resting habits, and milk yield had a significant deviation in lame cows. Lame cows decreased their time spent eating, lying bouts frequency, and milk yield. Lame cows had prolonged lying bout duration and daily lying time.
Beyond the Case Study: Characterizing Natural Floodplain Heterogeneity in the United States

We use the five landscape ecology metrics of aggregation index, percentage of like adjacencies, interspersion and juxtaposition index, patch density, and Shannon's evenness index to assess spatial heterogeneity at 15 floodplains in the continental United States. Assessments are based on floodplain classes and patches delineated remotely using topography and vegetation. Floodplain reaches examined here represent diverse drainage areas, flow regimes, valley geometries, channel planforms, and biomes. We selected sites with minimal direct human alteration. Our objectives are to quantify floodplain spatial heterogeneity; evaluate whether statistically significant patterns are present; and interpret the statistical analyses with respect to the influence of lateral channel mobility and valley‐floor space available. We develop a conceptual model of the influences on lateral mobility and space available, and then test specific hypotheses derived from this conceptual model. These natural floodplains have a median aggregation index of 58.8%, median percentage of like adjacencies of 58.5%, median interspersion and juxtaposition index of 74.9%, median density of 1,241 patches/ha, and median Shannon's evenness index of 0.934 (n = 15). In other words, natural floodplains have moderate aggregation of classes, high evenness and intermixing of classes, and a wide range of patch densities. Drainage area, the ratio of floodplain/channel width, elevation, precipitation, total sinuosity, large wood volume, planform, and flow regime emerge as important variables to floodplain heterogeneity. These results highlight the influence of biotic‐abiotic interactions in shaping floodplain heterogeneity across diverse river corridors.
Relationship Between Structural and Optical Properties in Vanadium Pentoxide

Spray pyrolysis technique (SPT) and radio-frequency magnetron sputtering (RF-MS) were used to obtain vanadium oxide (VxOy) layers. The surface morphology was visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Further, t
A method for measurement of rock stress change - Cross-sectional borehole deformation method -

A method for measurement of stress change is suggested to monitor rock stress using a borehole. The two-dimensional state of stress change in a plane perpendicular to the axis of a borehole drilled within a rock mass can be measured by this method, which is named the Cross-sectional Borehole Deformation Method (CBDM). In this paper, the theory of the CBDM is firstly described, as well as the prototype instrument and theoretical procedure for correcting eccentric positioning of the instrument in the borehole. Then the estimation of the stress change is demonstrated in a laboratory experiment, using a granite plate with a borehole. Finally, applying the CBDM to measured stress change around an underground cavern during and after excavation, the changes of rock stress distribution around the cavern is shown. It makes clear that stress change in the immediate rock mass of the cavern can be estimated by the CBDM and that the CBDM is available for measuring rock stress change.