Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community urban greening: Curbing disorder and building assets---the case of Flint, Mi

COMMUNITY URBAN GREENING: CURBING DISORDER AND BUILDING ASSETS—THE CASE OF FLINT, MI By Rachel Johansen-Wilczewski Community urban greening activities are increasingly used as a strategy to revitalize postindustrial urban space. While critical scholars, such as urban political ecologists (UPE), suggest these initiatives legitimate a retreat of the state and deepen urban inequality, community development scholars argue that community benefits emerge from such activities. This dissertation proposes a middle ground between these divergent perspectives by examining multiple aspects of community urban greening as a development strategy. Using research questions derived from both UPE and from the Community Capitals Framework (CCF), which focuses on community asset building, I compare case studies of five community groups in Flint, MI taking part in community urban greening projects. Findings illustrate that while community urban greening strategies may be undertaken within a constricted political structure, residents believe there are many localized benefits involved with greening. Many of the projects work to make up for the reduction in city services that has taken place as a result of municipal devolution. Despite these positive findings, this case also offers examples of varying success in relation to urban greening and highlights certain variables associated with community greening sustainability. This research contributes to timely discussions on repurposing vacant land and revitalizing neighborhoods in postindustrial cities. While this is a very salient issue in Flint, similar strategies are being used across the country as a way to adjust to shrinking municipal budgets. Copyright by RACHEL JOHANSEN-WILCZEWSKI 2015
Dynamic analysis of ribosome by a movie made from many three-dimensional electron-microscopy density maps

The atomic models of the 70S ribosome including the bound molecules were built from many 3D-EM density maps. The positions and conformations of the bound molecules were determined by fitting them to the regions in the density maps which remained after fitting the 70S ribosome. Then, using these atomic models, a movie for the elongation cycle was made. For determining the sequential order in which the models appeared in the movie, the knowledge about the bound molecules and the ratchet angles were used. The movie revealed several interesting points which were not apparent from each density map, suggesting the usefulness of a movie made from many 3D-EM density maps.
Open-Access 3-μm SOI Waveguide Platform for Dense Photonic Integrated Circuits

This paper gives an overview of the 3-μm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform that is openly available from VTT and suitable for the realization of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) for near and mid-infrared applications. Specific benefits of this thick-SOI PIC platform include low optical losses (∼0.1 dB/cm), ultra-dense integration (μm-scale bends), small polarization dependency (down-to-zero birefringence), and ability to tolerate relatively high optical powers (>1 W). Fabrication technology is based on an i-line stepper and 150-mm wafer size. Open access to the waveguide platform is supported by design kits, wafer-level testing, multi-project wafer runs, dedicated R&D runs, and small-to-medium volume manufacturing.
ACTIVIDADES DIALÓGICAS DE CIENCIAS EN LA FORMACIÓN INICIAL DEL PROFESORADO DE EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA Dialogical activities of science in the initial teacher training of Primary Education

En el siguiente trabajo presentamos las actividades dialogicas como una herramienta didactica en el proceso de formacion de los futuros maestros en educacion primaria de la Universidad de Barcelona. Dichas actividades se realizan en el contexto de la asignatura Didactica de la materia, la energia y la interaccion del Grado de Maestro de Educacion Primaria.En esta comunicacion compartimos las valoraciones que realizan los maestros en formacion inicial de las actividades dialogicas, una vez implementadas que dan cuenta del potencial de la herramienta didactica, asi como de la significatividad y relevancia que tienen en su formacion inicial.Ademas se presenta el modelo de rubrica elaborado por el grupo de docentes de la asignatura para evaluar la actividad dialogica. Abstract In this paper we present the dialogical activities as a teaching tool in the training process of future teachers in primary education XX. These activities are carried out in the context of the subject Didactic of matter, energy and interaction in the Degree of teacher of primary education. In this communication we present the assessments made by teachers in initial training of dialogical activities, implemented once they realize about the potential of the didactical educational tool, as well as the significance and relevance they have in their initial training. Besides, the rubric model developed by the subjects group of teachers is presented for evaluating the dialogical activities.
The Lack of TRPA1 Ion Channel Does Not Affect the Chronic Stress-Induced Activation of the Locus Ceruleus

We have previously proven the involvement of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) in stress adaptation. A lack of TRPA1 affects both urocortin 1 (member of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) family) content of the Edinger–Westphal nucleus. The noradrenergic locus ceruleus (LC) is also an important player in mood control. We aimed at investigating whether the TRPA1 is expressed in the LC, and to test if the response to chronic variable mild stress (CVMS) is affected by a lack of TRPA1. The TRPA1 expression was examined via RNAscope in situ hybridization. We investigated TRPA1 knockout and wildtype mice using the CVMS model of depression. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and FOSB double immunofluorescence were used to test the functional neuromorphological changes in the LC. No TRPA1 expression was detected in the LC. The TH content was not affected by CVMS exposure. The CVMS-induced FOSB immunosignal did not co-localize with the TH neurons. TRPA1 is not expressed in the LC. A lack of functional TRPA1 receptor neither directly nor indirectly affects the TH content of LC neurons under CVMS.
Efficient Dynamic Malware Analysis for Collecting HTTP Requests using Deep Learning

SUMMARY Malware-infected hosts have typically been detected us-ing network-based Intrusion Detection Systems on the basis of characteristic patterns of HTTP requests collected with dynamic malware analysis. Since attackers continuously modify malicious HTTP requests to evade detection, novel HTTP requests sent from new malware samples need to be exhaustively collected in order to maintain a high detection rate. However, analyzing all new malware samples for a long period is infeasible in a limited amount of time. Therefore, we propose a system for e ﬃ ciently collecting HTTP requests with dynamic malware analysis. Speciﬁcally, our system analyzes a malware sample for a short period and then determines whether the analysis should be continued or suspended. Our system iden-tiﬁes malware samples whose analyses should be continued on the basis of the network behavior in their short-period analyses. To make an accurate determination, we focus on the fact that malware communications resemble natural language from the viewpoint of data structure. We apply the recursive neural network, which has recently exhibited high classiﬁcation performance in the ﬁeld of natural language processing, to our proposed system. In the evaluation with 42,856 malware samples, our proposed sys-tem collected 94% of novel HTTP requests and reduced analysis time by 82% in comparison with the system that continues all analyses.
Field‐scale observations of a transient geobattery resulting from natural attenuation of a crude oil spill

We present evidence of a geobattery associated with microbial degradation of a mature crude oil spill. Self‐potential measurements were collected using a vertical array of nonpolarizing electrodes, starting at the land surface and passing through the smear zone where seasonal water table fluctuations have resulted in the coating of hydrocarbons on the aquifer solids. These passive electrical potential measurements exhibit a dipolar pattern associated with a current source. The anodic and cathodic reactions of this natural battery occur below and above the smear zone, respectively. The smear zone is characterized by high magnetic susceptibility values associated with the precipitation of semiconductive magnetic iron phase minerals as a by‐product of biodegradation, facilitating electron transfer between the anode and the cathode. This geobattery response appears to have a transient nature, changing on a monthly scale, probably resulting from chemical and physical changes in subsurface conditions such as water table fluctuations.
X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Analysis of Major Oxide and Trace Element Concentrations for an Obsidian Projectile Point From a Site at Furnace Creek, Cumberland Furnace, Tennessee

www.escholarship. org/uc/item/3w8929mb GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL X-RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY LABORATORY 8100 WYOMING BLVD., SUITE M4-158 ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87113 USA X-RAY FLUORESCENCE (XRF) ANALYSIS OF MAJOR OXIDE AND TRACE ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS FOR AN OBSIDIAN PROJECTILE POINT FROM A SITE AT FURNACE CREEK, CUMBERLAND FURNACE, TENNESSEE by M. Steven Shackley Ph.D., Director Geoarchaeological XRF Laboratory Albuquerque, New Mexico Report Prepared for Mark Norton Tennessee Division of Archaeology Nashville, Tennessee 15 May 2014
Joint CB1 and NGF Receptor Activation Suppresses TRPM8 Activation in Etoposide-Resistant Retinoblastoma Cells

In childhood, retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common primary tumor in the eye. Long term therapeutic management with etoposide of this life-threatening condition may have diminishing effectiveness since RB cells can develop cytostatic resistance to this drug. To determine whether changes in receptor-mediated control of Ca2+ signaling are associated with resistance development, fluorescence calcium imaging, semi-quantitative RT-qPCR analyses, and trypan blue dye exclusion staining patterns are compared in WERI-ETOR (etoposide-insensitive) and WERI-Rb1 (etoposide-sensitive) cells. The cannabinoid receptor agonist 1 (CNR1) WIN55,212-2 (40 µM), or the transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) agonist icilin (40 µM) elicit similar large Ca2+ transients in both cell line types. On the other hand, NGF (100 ng/mL) induces larger rises in WERI-ETOR cells than in WERI-Rb1 cells, and its lethality is larger in WERI-Rb1 cells than in WERI-ETOR cells. NGF and WIN55,212-2 induced additive Ca2+ transients in both cell types. However, following pretreatment with both NGF and WIN55,212-2, TRPM8 gene expression declines and icilin-induced Ca2+ transients are completely blocked only in WERI-ETOR cells. Furthermore, CNR1 gene expression levels are larger in WERI-ETOR cells than those in WERI-Rb1 cells. Therefore, the development of etoposide insensitivity may be associated with rises in CNR1 gene expression, which in turn suppress TRPM8 gene expression through crosstalk.
Can Rational Expectations Sticky-Price Models Explain Inﬂation Dynamics?

Title Can rational expectations sticky-price models explain inflation dynamics? Authors(s) Whelan, Karl; Rudd, Jeremy Publication date 2006-03 Publication information American Economic Review, 96 (1): 303-320 Publisher American Economic Association Link to online version http://dx.doi. org/10.1257/000282806776157560; http://search.ebscohost. com/login.aspx? direct=true&db=buh&AN=19991983&site=ehost-live Item record/more information http://hdl.handle. net/10197/199 Publisher's version (DOI) 10.1257/000282806776157560
Evaluation of Non-Invasive Methods for (R)-[11C]PK11195 PET Image Quantification in Multiple Sclerosis

This study aims to evaluate non-invasive PET quantification methods for (R)-[11C]PK11195 uptake measurement in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and healthy controls (HC) in comparison with arterial input function (AIF) using dynamic (R)-[11C]PK11195 PET and magnetic resonance images. The total volume of distribution (VT) and distribution volume ratio (DVR) were measured in the gray matter, white matter, caudate nucleus, putamen, pallidum, thalamus, cerebellum, and brainstem using AIF, the image-derived input function (IDIF) from the carotid arteries, and pseudo-reference regions from supervised clustering analysis (SVCA). Uptake differences between MS and HC groups were tested using statistical tests adjusted for age and sex, and correlations between the results from the different quantification methods were also analyzed. Significant DVR differences were observed in the gray matter, white matter, putamen, pallidum, thalamus, and brainstem of MS patients when compared to the HC group. Also, strong correlations were found in DVR values between non-invasive methods and AIF (0.928 for IDIF and 0.975 for SVCA, p < 0.0001). On the other hand, (R)-[11C]PK11195 uptake could not be differentiated between MS patients and HC using VT values, and a weak correlation (0.356, p < 0.0001) was found between VTAIF and VTIDIF. Our study shows that the best alternative for AIF is using SVCA for reference region modeling, in addition to a cautious and appropriate methodology.
Modeling of senescence-related chemoresistance in ovarian cancer using data analysis and patient-derived organoids

Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is a malignant tumor associated with poor prognosis owing to its susceptibility to chemoresistance. Cellular senescence, an irreversible biological state, is intricately linked to chemoresistance in cancer treatment. We developed a senescence-related gene signature for prognostic prediction and evaluated personalized treatment in patients with OC. Methods We acquired the clinical and RNA-seq data of OC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas and identified a senescence-related prognostic gene set through differential and cox regression analysis in distinct chemotherapy response groups. A prognostic senescence-related signature was developed and validated by OC patient-derived-organoids (PDOs). We leveraged gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and ESTIMATE to unravel the potential functions and immune landscape of the model. Moreover, we explored the correlation between risk scores and potential chemotherapeutic agents. After confirming the congruence between organoids and tumor tissues through immunohistochemistry, we measured the IC50 of cisplatin in PDOs using the ATP activity assay, categorized by resistance and sensitivity to the drug. We also investigated the expression patterns of model genes across different groups. Results We got 2740 differentially expressed genes between two chemotherapy response groups including 43 senescence-related genes. Model prognostic genes were yielded through univariate cox analysis, and multifactorial cox analysis. Our work culminated in a senescence-related prognostic model based on the expression of SGK1 and VEGFA. Simultaneously, we successfully constructed and propagated three OC PDOs for drug screening. PCR and WB from PDOs affirmed consistent expression trends as those of our model genes derived from comprehensive data analysis. Specifically, SGK1 exhibited heightened expression in cisplatin-resistant OC organoids, while VEGFA manifested elevated expression in the sensitive group (P<0.05). Intriguingly, GSEA results unveiled the enrichment of model genes in the PPAR signaling pathway, pivotal regulator in chemoresistance and tumorigenesis. This revelation prompted the identification of potential beneficial drugs for patients with a high-risk score, including gemcitabine, dabrafenib, epirubicin, oxaliplatin, olaparib, teniposide, ribociclib, topotecan, venetoclax. Conclusion Through the formulation of a senescence-related signature comprising SGK1 and VEGFA, we established a promising tool for prognosticating chemotherapy reactions, predicting outcomes, and steering therapeutic strategies. Patients with high VEGFA and low SGK1 expression levels exhibit heightened sensitivity to chemotherapy.
Sustainable Materials from Organosolv Fibers and Lignin, Kraft Fibers, and Their Blends

The aim of this study was to investigate new materials from organosolv fibers, organosolv lignin, kraft fibers, and their blends. The organosolv fibers showed reprecipitated lignin on the surface, a comparably low fiber length of 0.565 mm on average, and a high fines content of 82.3%. Handsheets were formed and thermopressed at 175 °C and 50 MPa, yielding dense materials (1050–1100 kg/m3) with properties different to that of regular paper products. The thermopressing of organosolv fibers alone produced materials with similar or better tensile strength (σb = 18.6 MPa) and stiffness (E* = 2.8 GPa) to the softwood Kraft reference pulp (σb = 14.8 MPa, E* = 1.8 GPa). The surface morphology was also smoother with fewer cavities. As a result, the thermopressed organosolv fibers exhibited higher hydrophobicity (contact angle > 95°) and had the lowest overall water uptake. Combinations of Kraft fibers with organosolv fibers or organosolv lignin showed reduced wetting and a higher density than the Kraft fibers alone. Furthermore, the addition of organosolv lignin to Kraft fibers greatly improved tensile stiffness and strength (σb = 23.8 MPa, E* = 10.5 GPa), likely due to the lignin acting as a binder to the fiber network. In conclusion, new thermopressed materials were developed and tested, which show promising potential for sustainable fiber materials with improved water resistance.
Effect of Light-Emitting Grid Panel on Indoor Aquaculture for Measuring Fish Growth

This study is related to Smart Aqua Farm, which combines artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of things (IoT) technology. This study aimed to monitor fish growth in indoor aquaculture while automatically measuring the average size and area in real time. Automatic fish size measurement technology is one of the essential elements for unmanned aquaculture. Under the condition of labor shortage, operators have much fatigue because they use a primitive method that samples the size and weight of fish just before fish shipment and measures them directly by humans. When this kind of process is automated, the operator’s fatigue can be significantly reduced. Above all, after measuring the fish growth, predicting the final fish shipment date is possible by estimating how much feed and time are required until the fish becomes the desired size. In this study, a video camera and a developed light-emitting grid panel were installed in indoor aquaculture to acquire images of fish, and the size measurement of a mock-up fish was implemented using the proposed method.
Towards real-time change detection in videos based on existing 3D models

Image based change detection is of great importance for security applications, such as surveillance and reconnaissance, in order to find new, modified or removed objects. Such change detection can generally be performed by co-registration and comparison of two or more images. However, existing 3d objects, such as buildings, may lead to parallax artifacts in case of inaccurate or missing 3d information, which may distort the results in the image comparison process, especially when the images are acquired from aerial platforms like small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Furthermore, considering only intensity information may lead to failures in detection of changes in the 3d structure of objects. To overcome this problem, we present an approach that uses Structure-from-Motion (SfM) to compute depth information, with which a 3d change detection can be performed against an existing 3d model. Our approach is capable of the change detection in real-time. We use the input frames with the corresponding camera poses to compute dense depth maps by an image-based depth estimation algorithm. Additionally we synthesize a second set of depth maps, by rendering the existing 3d model from the same camera poses as those of the image-based depth map. The actual change detection is performed by comparing the two sets of depth maps with each other. Our method is evaluated on synthetic test data with corresponding ground truth as well as on real image test data.
The Role of Springtime Arctic Clouds in Determining Autumn Sea Ice Extent

AbstractRecent studies suggest that the atmosphere conditions arctic sea ice properties in spring in a way that may be an important factor in predetermining autumn sea ice concentrations. Here, the role of clouds in this system is analyzed using surface-based observations from Barrow, Alaska. Barrow is a coastal location situated adjacent to the region where interannual sea ice variability is largest. Barrow is also along a main transport pathway through which springtime advection of atmospheric energy from lower latitudes to the Arctic Ocean occurs. The cloud contribution is quantified using the observed surface radiative fluxes and cloud radiative forcing (CRF) derived therefrom, which can be positive or negative. In low sea ice years enhanced positive CRF (increased cloud cover enhancing longwave radiative forcing) in April is followed by decreased negative CRF (decreased cloud cover allowing a relative increase in shortwave radiative forcing) in May and June. The opposite is true in high sea ice years.
Molecular Study of Pneumocystis jirovecii in Respiratory Samples of HIV Patients in Chile

Pneumocystis is an opportunistic fungus that causes potentially fatal pneumonia (PCP) in immunocompromised patients. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of P. jirovecii in HIV patients through phenotypic and molecular study, to investigate the genetic polymorphisms of P. jirovecii at the mitochondrial gene mtLSU and at the nuclear dihydropteroate synthase gene (DHPS), and by analysis of molecular docking to study the effect of DHPS mutations on the enzymatic affinity for sulfamethoxazole. A PCP prevalence of 28.3% was detected, with mtLSU rRNA genotypes 3 (33.3%) and 2 (26.6%) being the most common. A prevalence of 6.7% (1/15) mutations in the DHPS gene was detected, specifically at codon 55 of the amino acid sequence of dihydropteroate synthase. Molecular docking analysis showed that the combination of mutations at 55 and 98 codons is required to significantly reduce the affinity of the enzyme for sulfamethoxazole. We observed a low rate of mutations in the DHPS gene, and molecular docking analysis showed that at least two mutations in the DHPS gene are required to significantly reduce the affinity of dihydropteroate synthase for sulfamethoxazole.
Mathematically Improved XGBoost Algorithm for Truck Hoisting Detection in Container Unloading

Truck hoisting detection constitutes a key focus in port security, for which no optimal resolution has been identified. To address the issues of high costs, susceptibility to weather conditions, and low accuracy in conventional methods for truck hoisting detection, a non-intrusive detection approach is proposed in this paper. The proposed approach utilizes a mathematical model and an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model. Electrical signals, including voltage and current, collected by Hall sensors are processed by the mathematical model, which augments their physical information. Subsequently, the dataset filtered by the mathematical model is used to train the XGBoost model, enabling the XGBoost model to effectively identify abnormal hoists. Improvements were observed in the performance of the XGBoost model as utilized in this paper. Finally, experiments were conducted at several stations. The overall false positive rate did not exceed 0.7% and no false negatives occurred in the experiments. The experimental results demonstrated the excellent performance of the proposed approach, which can reduce the costs and improve the accuracy of detection in container hoisting.