Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yes/No Question Intonation in ʔayʔaǰuθəm *1

: The idea that stress and tone are not distinctive features in ʔayʔaǰuθəm has contributed to the relative scarcity of research on the prosody of the language (Watanabe 2003). However, recent studies find evidence of suprasegmental features in ʔayʔaǰuθəm interrogatives (Huijsmans 2017). Prosody research on yes/no interrogatives in other Salish languages finds no final rise in pitch (Jacobs 2007; Caldecott 2016), which is an exception to the theory that the final rise in interrogative sentences is universal (Ladd 1981). The proposed study investigates whether ʔayʔaǰuθəm patterns like other Salish languages. Another goal of the present study is to investigate whether the average vowel F0 is higher in interrogative vowels than in declarative vowels. Through a semi-scripted elicitation task, data were collected and then analyzed using ProsodyPro (Xu 2013). Our findings suggest that — like other Salish languages — ʔayʔaǰuθəm features a sentence-final drop in F0 and higher average vowel F0 in interrogative sentences.
Deep Learning and Neural Approaches for Linguistic Data

Terminological Concept Systems (TCS) provide a means of organizing, structuring and representing domain-specific multilingual information and are important to ensure terminological consistency in many tasks, such as translation and cross-border communication. Several methods for Automated Term Extraction (ATE) have been proposed that extract terms, i.e., single-or multi-word sequences, from domain-specific texts. ATE plays a role in many NLP tasks, such as information extraction, knowledge graph learning, and text summarization. An initial classification of ATE methods into statistical, linguistic or hybrid has recently been refined by [1] to methods based on term occurrence frequencies (e.g. C/NC-value), occurrence contexts, domain-specific corpora combined with general language corpora (e.g. Weirdness), topic modeling, and those utilizing Wikipedia. Even though the use of neural networks in ATE is mostly limited to generating embeddings, few exceptions exist that could not be accommodated by this classification.
Apendicitis en la etapa pediátrica: correlación clínico-patológica

Introduccion. En apendicitis, los cirujanos realizan una clasificacion basada en el aspecto macroscopico de la pieza quirurgica; sin embargo, el patologo reporta el diagnostico histopatologico final, que en ocasiones puede diferir con el primero. Objetivo: comparar la clasificacion macroscopica de la apendicitis aguda elaborada por el cirujano con el diagnostico histopatologico del patologo. Material y metodos. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y retrolectivo que consistio en revisar los expedientes de ninos con diagnostico de apendicitis aguda y que fueron intervenidos quirurgicamente en un periodo de 4 anos y medio. Se analizaron: edad, sexo, cuadro clinico, estudios de laboratorio y radiologicos, el diagnostico postoperatorio del cirujano y se comparo con el diagnostico histopatologico. Analisis estadistico: frecuencias, medias y desviacion estandar. Resultados. Se revisaron 311 expedientes. La edad de los pacientes fue de 10 ± 2 anos (media ± desviacion estandar), predominando el sexo masculino (56.2%), relacion masculino/femenino de 1.2:1. Los principales signos o sintomas fueron: dolor abdominal 100%, vomito 81.3%, y fiebre 57.5%, con 1.9 ± 1.5 dias de evolucion del cuadro clinico. En la biometria hematica 83.9% presentaron leucocitosis, neutrofilia 98% y bandemia 53.6%. Los estudios radiologicos mostraron niveles hidroaereos en 53.7% y borramiento del psoas en 44%. El diagnostico postoperatorio del cirujano fue apendice normal en 4.8%, apendicitis aguda fase I en 1 1.2%, fase II en 25.7%, fase III en 12.2% y fase IV en 45.9%. El diagnostico histopatologico fue: normal 0.9%, incipiente 4.1 %, edematosa 8.3%, fibrinopurulenta 25.7%, necrotica 15.7%, perforada 41.4%, abscedada 58.1 %, con peritonitis 80.7%, presencia de fecalito 31.8%, hiperplasia folicular 6.1 % y adenitis mesenterica en 3.2%. Conclusion. La correlacion del grado de apendicitis entre el cirujano y el patologo es buena, aunque en algunos casos el cirujano califica a la apendicitis con menos gravedad que el patologo, pero no hay repercusion en mayor numero de complicaciones.
Partial Identification of Welfare Effects in the Presence of Demand Frictions

The validity of traditional welfare analysis in economics, based on the revealed preference paradigm, can be undermined by demand frictions such as default options, cognitive limitations, and limited or distorted information. This paper develops a general framework for discrete choice welfare analysis given quasi-experimental interventions that remove such frictions, which relies on relatively minimal assumptions on individual heterogeneity and overcomes key limitations of existing methodologies. It does so by mapping this problem to the literature on identification of functionals of the joint distribution of two potential outcomes, and takes a partial identification approach. I illustrate the approach in the context of product demand with non-salient taxes.
Reconstruction of Corrupted Photoplethysmography Signals to Facilitate Continuous Monitoring

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is the leading technology behind wearables, significantly hindered by PPG's susceptibility to motion artifacts (MAs). This study presents a PPG reconstruction algorithm operating regardless of the source of noise. Artifact detection is initially performed by spectral and amplitude-based control. Morphology, spectral and heart-rate (HR) variability (HRV) information of the adjacent clean segments are used for reconstruction. Thirty-six originally clean PPGs with added noise of 2–120 s were used. Recordings were resampled to 250 Hz. HR and HRV features were compared between original and reconstructed PPGs via Pearson correlation ($\rho$), Bland-Altman (BA), normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) analysis. For HR, $\rho > 0.9$ for all noise lengths. Time-domain HRV: $\rho > 0.91$. Frequency-domain HRV: $\rho > 0.75$. Poincaré indices: $\rho > 0.85$. Max. nRMSE: 0.58%, max. MAPE: 1.72%. At least 86% of recordings were within confidence interval, with most results being between 89%–97%, regardless of the noise duration. The proposed algorithm allows the reconstruction of corrupted PPG signals. The noise duration cut-off for optimal results is 30–45 s. Nevertheless, it can be applied in longer segments, still providing satisfactory results.
Escaping Local Minima With Stochastic Noise

Non-convex optimization problems are ubiquitous in machine learning, especially in Deep Learning. While such complex problems can often be successfully optimized in practice by using stochastic gradient descent (SGD), theoretical analysis cannot adequately explain this success. In particular, the standard analyses don’t show global convergence of SGD on non-convex functions, and instead show convergence to stationary points (which can also be local minima or saddle points). In this work, we identify a broad class of nonconvex functions for which we can show that perturbed SGD (gradient descent perturbed by stochastic noise—covering SGD as a special case) converges to a global minimum, in contrast to gradient descent without noise that can get stuck in local minima. In particular, for non-convex functions that are relative close to a convex-like (strongly convex or PŁ) function we prove that SGD converges linearly to a global optimum.
From Music to Medicine Part II: Differences in practice behaviors between expert musicians and non-musicians when learning a basic surgical skill

Background: Researchers have hypothesized that years of daily practice on a musical instrument may lead to increased efficiency in practice behaviors during the learning of other fine motor skills [1]. Practice strategies in music have also been considered a suitable model for surgical training [2] and some believe that surgical outcomes might be improved by adopting musicians’ practice strategies [3]. Objective: This study examines the practice behaviors of expert musicians attempting to learn a basic surgical skill, as a way to detect possible transfer of practice habits across domains. This paper investigates whether musicians differ from a control group in their selection and application of practice strategies, whether there are relationships between the choice of practice behaviors and performance scores, whether musicians progress more rapidly through the different phases of learning and, whether relationships exist between those who reach automaticity sooner and their choice of practice behaviors. Methods: Participants’ practice sessions during a knot-tying task (taught via instructional video) were video-recorded and treated according to the method of thematic analysis [4]. Two evaluators, through an iterative process, performed coding. Statistical and descriptive analyses were conducted on practice behaviors. Information was also collected on instructional video navigation so that the use of replay, pause, rewind or fast-forward could be investigated. Results: Musicians and the control group participants favored different practice behaviors. This was demonstrated in their choice of strategies, the importance they gave to each strategy, and the way they used the strategies over the two practice sessions. There was evidence that the group of expert musicians applied better practice strategies as the choice of practice behaviors appeared to be related to performance scores and their capacity to reach automaticity. The differences between participant groups in terms of their performance of the task were reported in Part 1 of this study. Conclusion: Our results suggest that music experts may be applying practice strategies developed during their music studies toward learning a novel surgical skill. This raised the possibility that practice skills developed through years of dedicated work at their musical instrument, might be transferable when learning a motor skill in a different domain.
Transparent Music Preference Modeling and Recommendation with a Model of Human Memory Theory

In this chapter, we discuss how to utilize human memory models for the task of modeling music preferences for recommender systems. Therefore, we discuss the theoretical underpinnings of using cognitive models for user modeling and recommender systems in order to introduce a model based on the cognitive architecture ACT-R to predict the music genre preferences of users in the Last.fm platform. By implementing the declarative memory module of ACT-R, comprising past usage frequency and recency, as well as the current semantic context, we model the music relistening behavior of users. We evaluate our approach using three user groups that we identify in Last.fm, namely (i) low-mainstream music listeners, (ii) medium-mainstream music listeners, and (iii) high-mainstream music listeners. We find that our approach provides significantly higher prediction accuracy than various baseline algorithms for all three user groups, and especially for the low-mainstream user group. Since our approach is based on a well-established human memory model, we also discuss how this contributes to the transparency of the calculated predictions.
Digital Commons@Lindenwood University Digital Commons@Lindenwood University

The well-documented therapeutic potential of group singing for patients living with Alzheimer’s disease (PLAD) has been hindered by COVID-19 restrictions, exacerbating loneliness and cognitive decline among seniors in residential and long-term care centers (CHSLDs). Addressing this challenge, the multidisciplinary study aims to develop a patient-oriented virtual reality (XR) interaction system facilitating group singing for mental health support during conﬁ nement and enhancing the understanding of the links between Alzheimer’s disease, social interaction, and singing. The researchers also propose to establish an early AD detection system using voice, facial, and non-invasive biometric measurements and validate the eﬃ cacy of selected intervention practices. The methodology involves co-designing an intelligent environment with caregivers to support PLAD mental health through online group singing, addressing existing constraints in CHSLDs. The researchers will engage volunteers in remote singing interactions and validate the impact of voice stimulation for PLADs using a control group. The primary expected outcome is the development of an “Intelligent Learning Health Environment,” fostering interactions while adapting to individual PLAD situations and incrementally accumulating knowledge on AD signs. This environment will facilitate the transfer of knowledge and technologies to promote non-verbal interactions via singing, enabling intervention at the ﬁ rst symptoms. Additionally, the research will contribute to transforming CHSLDs’ living environments, informed by neuroscience insights, and potentially extend the “collaborative self-care” approach to support seniors in aging safely and healthily at home
Explorer Antiplatelet therapy and incident cognitive impairment or dementia-a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials

Objective: The beneﬁt of antiplatelet therapy in preventing cognitive impairment or dementia is uncertain. We investigated the association between antiplatelet therapy and incident cognitive impairment or dementia in randomised clinical trials. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE and CENTRAL for randomised clinical trials published from database inception through 1 February 2023. Trials that evaluated the association of antiplatelet therapy with incident cognitive impairment or dementia were included. For single-agent antiplatelet, the control group was placebo. For dual agent antiplatelet therapy, the control group was single-agent monotherapy. A random-eﬀects meta-analysis model was used to report pooled treatment eﬀects and 95% conﬁdence intervals (CIs). The primary outcome was incident cognitive impairment or dementia. Secondary outcomes included change in cognitive test scores. Results: A total of 11 randomised clinical trials were included (109,860 participants). All reported the incidence of cognitive impairment or dementia on follow-up. The mean (SD) age of trial participants was 66.2 (7.9) years. Antiplatelet therapy was not signiﬁcantly associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment or dementia (11 trials; 109,860 participants) (3.49% versus 4.18% of patients over a mean trial follow-up of 5.8 years; odds ratio [OR], 0.94 [95% CI, 0.88–1.00]; absolute risk reduction, 0.2% [95% CI, − 0.4% to 0.009%]; I2 = 0.0%). Antiplatelet therapy was not signiﬁcantly associated with mean change in cognitive test scores. Conclusion: In this meta-analysis, antiplatelet therapy was not signiﬁcantly associated with a lower risk of incident cognitive impairment or dementia, but the CIs around this outcome do not exclude a modest preventative eﬀect.
The basis of anisotropic water diffusion in the nervous system – a technical review

Anisotropic water diffusion in neural fibres such as nerve, white matter in spinal cord, or white matter in brain forms the basis for the utilization of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to track fibre pathways. The fact that water diffusion is sensitive to the underlying tissue microstructure provides a unique method of assessing the orientation and integrity of these neural fibres, which may be useful in assessing a number of neurological disorders. The purpose of this review is to characterize the relationship of nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of water diffusion and its anisotropy (i.e. directional dependence) with the underlying microstructure of neural fibres. The emphasis of the review will be on model neurological systems both in vitro and in vivo. A systematic discussion of the possible sources of anisotropy and their evaluation will be presented followed by an overview of various studies of restricted diffusion and compartmentation as they relate to anisotropy. Pertinent pathological models, developmental studies and theoretical analyses provide further insight into the basis of anisotropic diffusion and its potential utility in the nervous system. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DROUGHT CHARACTERISTICS OVER TWO LARGE BASINS IN MOROCCO (TENSIFT AND SEBOU)

: Standardized precipitation index (SPI) is a key parameter for drought monitoring. Using SPI the present work provides a retrospective spatio-temporal analysis of the droughts occurring in Morocco over the last 39 years (1981-2020). The used data were driven from the satellite Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) products from which the drought index SPI was calculated. SPI allowed the characterization of drought over two large basins, namely Tensift and Sebou. The areas under drought conditions in both Tensift and Sebou basins were compared to derive regional differences at a time scale of 12 months. This analysis is vital for water resources management that is a challenging mission.
Coronal properties of G-type stars in different evolutionary phases

We report on the analysis of XMM-Newton observations of three G-type stars in very different evolutionary phases: the weak-lined T Tauri star HD 283572, the Zero Age Main Sequence star EK Dra and the Hertzsprung-gap giant star 31 Com. They all have high X-ray luminosity (∼10 31 erg s −1 for HD 283572 and 31 Com and ∼10 30 erg s −1 for EK Dra). We compare the Emission Measure Distributions (EMDs) of these active coronal sources, derived from high-resolution XMM-Newton grat- ing spectra, as well as the pattern of elemental abundances vs. First Ionzation Potential (FIP). We also perform time-resolved spectroscopy of a flare detected by XMM from EK Dra. We interpret the observed EMDs as the result of the emission of en- sembles of magnetically confined loop-like structures with different apex temperatures. Our analysis indicates that the coronae of HD 283572 and 31 Com are very similar in terms of dominant coronal magnetic structures, in spite of differences in the evolutionary phase, surface gravity and metallicity. In the case of EK Dra the distribution appears to be slightly flatter than in the previous two cases, although the peak temperature is similar.
MODELS OF DETECTION OF MANIPULATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS PART OF THE INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE ENTITY

: Accounting remains the main source of information about the company for most users of financial statements. At the same time, the creators and users of financial statements want to get the best quality and quantity of information as far as possible. Although users of financial statements are unable to obtain with absolute certainty statements that are true and fair, they need to know how much they can rely on financial statements. This paper deals with reducing the information asymmetry, especially on the part of users of financial statements. The paper analyses selected models of the detection of manipulated
Deletion of the (cid:1) 7, (cid:2) 2, or (cid:2) 4 Nicotinic Receptor Subunit Genes Identifies Highly Expressed Subtypes with Relatively Low Affinity for [ 3 H]Epibatidine

Diversity of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding was measured using [ 3 H]epibatidine after deletion of (cid:1) 7, (cid:2) 2, or (cid:2) 4 subunits. [ 3 H]Epibatidine binding is distinctly biphasic. Densities of higher ( K d (cid:1) 0.02 nM) and lower ( K d (cid:1) 5 nM) affinity sites in whole brains of wild-type mice are very similar. Relative sensitivity to inhibition by cytisine or (cid:1) -bungarotoxin was used to evaluate pharmacological subsets of the higher- and lower- affinity sites, respectively. Deletion of each subunit had distinct effects on the binding sites. Deletion of (cid:1) 7 did not affect higher-affinity sites but reduced the numbers of lower-affinity sites. This reduction was confined to the [ 3 H]epibatidine binding sites sensitive to inhibition by (cid:1) -bungarotoxin. Deletion of the (cid:2) 2 subunit had the largest effect. Higher-affinity sites sensitive to inhibition by cytisine were eliminated, and cytisine-resistant sites were reduced. Deletion of the (cid:2) 2 subunit also significantly reduced the number of lower-affinity sites insensitive to (cid:1) -bun-garotoxin. (cid:2) 4 Gene deletion partially reduced cytisine-resistant and (cid:1) -bungarotoxin-resistant sites with lower and higher affinity for [ 3 H]epibatidine, respectively. Gene deletion in four brain regions (thalamus, hippocampus, superior colliculus, and infe- rior colliculus) elicited changes generally similar to whole brain. However, relative expression of the binding sites differed among the regions. [ 3 H]Cytisine and 125 I- (cid:1) -bungarotoxin binding sites were eliminated by (cid:2) 2 and (cid:1) 7 gene deletion, respectively. These studies establish that the lower-affinity sites rep- resent a structurally diverse set of sites that require expression of either (cid:1) 7, (cid:2) 2, or (cid:2) 4 subunits and extend and confirm previous classifications of the higher-affinity [ 3 H]epibatidine binding sites.
Service Quality Aspects Influence on Student Satisfaction and Loyalty in Chongqing, China

Purpose: Higher education improves quality by emphasizing the diversity of students as customers (stakeholders) and students as subjects, flexibility in student demand for universities, and extensive global competition. Thus, this paper determines the factor affecting student satisfaction and student loyalty, which are faculty services, on-campus infrastructure, academic aspects, impact on university reputation, and access to university services. Research design, data, and methodology: Quantitative method (n=500) was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on college students from three well-known universities in Chongqing. A non-probability sampling includes judgment sampling, quota sampling, and convenience sampling to collect data. Structural equation model (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to analyze the data, including model fitting, reliability, and validity. Results: Faculty service, campus infrastructure, academic aspects, reputation, access, and student satisfaction have a significant impact on student loyalty. Student satisfaction strongly influences student loyalty, followed by campus infrastructure, access, reputation, faculty service, and academic aspects. Conclusions: All six hypotheses can fulfill the research objectives. Therefore, it is suggested that universities pay attention to campus infrastructure construction, improve the academic level, establish a better visiting mechanism and improve their reputation, to make students satisfied and loyal.