Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for wireless sensor network with Mobile Sink

A network of tiny battery-operated devices known as a wireless sensor network requires careful consideration of its energy usage. Care should be made in their design because they are typically used in hostile environments where battery replacement is impossible. In order to manage energy usage, routing is one of the key design considerations. At the same time, route is likely the most challenging aspect of network architecture. A noble centralized clustered tree-based routing system with a mobile sink was our suggestion. It is centralized to take advantage of the base station's limitless capacity and made into a cluster to cut down on energy use from redundant data transmission. For the control of mobile sink and load, we employed a tree-based technique. The employed deputy cluster head and cluster head panel in our protocol to reduce the energy consumption resulting from control packet overhead due to re-clustering and reconstruction of a tree after the energy of a node is less than some given threshold value. Then, we contrast our excellent procedure with the established CTRP and TEDD protocols. Our simulation findings show that the suggested protocol reduces the typical control packet overhead by roughly 11% compared to CTRP and 63% compared to TEDD. As a result, the average amount of energy used is reduced by 82% when compared to TEDD and by 25% when compared to CTRP. Additionally, it is demonstrated that when compared to CTRP and our suggested protocol, the first node's death is deferred by 83%.
Teacher Entrepreneurship, Co-Creation Strategy, and Medical Student Entrepreneurship for Sustainability: Evidence from China

The volatile and changing healthcare landscape, heavily influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic and other contemporary crises, poses challenges to the sustainable development of medical education, and integrating innovation and entrepreneurship into medical education is the avenue by which to address the current and future medical challenges. Medical student entrepreneurship education (MSEE) contributes to the individual and social sustainable development of students in terms of their future careers. To investigate the effect of teacher entrepreneurship on MSEE, a hypothesis model of MSEE that includes teachers’ entrepreneurial competence (TEC), teachers’ entrepreneurial behaviors (TEB), and co-creation strategy (CCS) was constructed on the basis of symbolic interactionism. A total of 714 samples were collected from entrepreneurial teachers in Chinese medical universities for quantitative analysis. This study confirmed our hypothesis that TEC and TEB have a positive and statistically significant direct impact on MSEE. As demonstrated in the mediation effect test, when CCS was added as the mediating variable, TEC and TEB had a statistically significant indirect effect on MSEE. With empirical evidence from China, the study provided a new perspective for deepening the research on MSEE and laid the foundation for interdisciplinary research on medical education and entrepreneurship education. The findings contribute to entrepreneurial learning and pedagogical practices in medical education for the sustainable development of medical students.
Association of ERCC1 rs11615 Polymorphism with the Risk of Cervical Cancer Especially in Chinese Populations: A Meta-Analysis

Abnormalities of the ERCC1 gene can affect DNA repair pathways, thereby having a vital effect on genomic stability. A growing amount of case-control studies have focused on making an investigation of the association between ERCC1 rs11615 polymorphism and cervical cancer susceptibility. However, the controversial results have raised concerns. To draw a more accurate conclusion, six studies were elaborately selected from the electronic databases for this meta-analysis, with 753 cervical cancer cases and 851 healthy controls. We applied pooled ORs combined with 95% CIs to test the potential associations. Significant associations were revealed in Chinese populations (T vs C: OR = 1.557 and 95%CI = 1.234–1.966; TT vs CC: OR = 3.175 and 95%CI = 1.754–5.748; TT/CT vs CC: OR = 1.512 and 95%CI = 1.126–2,031; and TT vs CT/CC: OR = 2.836 and 95%CI = 1.592–5.051). Even when the studies deviating from HWE were excluded, an increased cervical cancer susceptibility was observed in Chinese. These results disclose that there is an obvious correlation between the risk of cervical cancer and ERCC1 rs11615 polymorphism, especially in Chinese populations, and the T variant is the risky one. Also, our findings need further studies to validate.
A Generic Function Evaluator Implemented in Mata

Background When implementing new statistical procedures, there is often a need for simple—and yet computationally efficient—ways of numerically evaluating composite distribution functions. If the statistical procedure must support calculations for censored and noncensored cases, those calculations should be carried out using efficient computational implementations of both definite and indefinite integrals (e.g., calculation of tail areas of distribution functions). Method We developed a generic function evaluator such that users may specify a function using reverse Polish notation. As its argument the function evaluator takes a matrix of pointers and then applies the rows of this matrix to its internally defined stack of pointers. Accordingly, each row of the argument matrix defines a single operation such as evaluating a function on the current element of the stack, applying an algebraic operation to the two top elements of the stack, or manipulating the stack itself. Defining new composite distribution functions from other (atomic) distribution functions then corresponds to joining two or more function-defining matrices vertically. This approach can further be used to obtain integrals of any defined function. As an example we show how the density and distribution function for the minimum of two Weibull distributed random variables can be numerically evaluated and integrated. Results The procedure provides a flexible and extensible framework for implementing numerical evaluation of general, composite distributions. The procedure is numerically relatively efficient, although not optimal.
Automated Health Estimation of Capsicum annuum L. Crops by Means of Deep Learning and RGB Aerial Images

Recently, the use of small UAVs for monitoring agricultural land areas has been increasingly used by agricultural producers in order to improve crop yields. However, correctly interpreting the collected imagery data is still a challenging task. In this study, an automated pipeline for monitoring C. Annuum crops based on a deep learning model is implemented. The system is capable of performing inferences on the health status of individual plants, and to determine their locations and shapes in a georeferenced orthomosaic. Accuracy achieved on the classification task was 94.5. AP values among classes were in the range of [63,100] for plant location boxes, and in [40,80] for foliar area predictions. The methodology requires only RGB images, and so, it can be replicated for the monitoring of other types of crops by only employing consumer-grade UAVs. A comparison with random forest and large-scale mean shift segmentation methods which use predetermined features is presented. NDVI results obtained with multispectral equipment are also included.
The eleventh cohomology group of 
$\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{g,n}$

Abstract We prove that the rational cohomology group $H^{11}(\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{g,n})$ vanishes unless $g = 1$ and $n \geq 11$ . We show furthermore that $H^k(\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{g,n})$ is pure Hodge–Tate for all even $k \leq 12$ and deduce that $\# \overline {\mathcal {M}}_{g,n}(\mathbb {F}_q)$ is surprisingly well approximated by a polynomial in q. In addition, we use $H^{11}(\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{1,11})$ and its image under Gysin push-forward for tautological maps to produce many new examples of moduli spaces of stable curves with nonvanishing odd cohomology and nontautological algebraic cycle classes in Chow cohomology.
A MEASUREMENT OF THE TURBULENCE-DRIVEN DENSITY DISTRIBUTION IN A NON-STAR-FORMING MOLECULAR CLOUD

Molecular clouds are supersonically turbulent. This turbulence governs the initial mass function and the star formation rate. In order to understand the details of star formation, it is therefore essential to understand the properties of turbulence, in particular the probability distribution of density in turbulent clouds. We present H2CO volume density measurements of a non-star-forming cloud along the line of sight toward W49A. We use these measurements in conjunction with total mass estimates from 13CO to infer the shape of the density probability distribution function. This method is complementary to measurements of turbulence via the column density distribution and should be applicable to any molecular cloud with detected CO. We show that turbulence in this cloud is probably compressively driven, with a compressive-to-total Mach number ratio . We measure the standard deviation of the density distribution, constraining it to the range 1.5 < σs < 1.9, assuming that the density is lognormally distributed. This measurement represents an essential input into star formation laws. The method of averaging over different excitation conditions to produce a model of emission from a turbulent cloud is generally applicable to optically thin line observations.
MIT Open Access Articles Bayesian Nonparametric Adaptive Control Using Gaussian Processes

—Most current Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) methods rely on parametric adaptive elements, in which the number of parameters of the adaptive element are ﬁxed a priori, often through expert judgment. An example of such an adaptive element are Radial Basis Function Networks (RBFNs), with RBF centers pre-allocated based on the expected operating domain. If the system operates outside of the expected operating domain, this adaptive element can become non-effective in capturing and canceling the uncertainty, thus rendering the adaptive controller only semi-global in nature. This paper investigates a Gaussian Process (GP) based Bayesian MRAC architecture (GP-MRAC), which leverages the power and ﬂexibility of GP Bayesian nonparametric models of uncertainty. GP-MRAC does not require the centers to be preallocated, can inherently handle measurement noise, and enables MRAC to handle a broader set of uncertainties, including those that are deﬁned as distributions over functions. We use stochastic stability arguments to show that GP-MRAC guarantees good closed loop performance with no prior domain knowledge of the uncertainty. Online implementable GP inference methods are compared in numerical simulations against RBFN-MRAC with preallocated centers and are shown to provide better tracking and improved long-term learning.
Novel nonlinear kinetic terms for gravitons

A set of novel derivative terms for spin-2 fields are proposed. They are the wedge products of curvature two-forms and vielbeins. In this work, we investigate the properties of novel two-derivative terms in the context of bigravity. Based on a minisuperspace analysis, we identify a large class of bigravity models where the Boulware-Deser ghost could be absent. We give a new perspective that Weyl gravity and new massive gravity belong to this class of bigravity models involving novel derivative terms. This is related to the fact that this class of models contains spin-2 ghosts. In addition, we discuss the UV cutoff scales, dynamical symmetric conditions, and novel higher-derivative terms.
High-brightness ultra-cold metastable neon-beam

This paper presents detailed characteristics of an ultra-cold bright metastable neon atomic beam which we have been using for atom-interferometric applications. The basis of the device is an atomic beam released from a magneto-optical trap (MOT) which is operated with a high intensity trapping laser, high magnetic quadrupole field, and large laser detuining. Mainly due to the complex structure of three dimensional magnetic field and laser beams, a bright small spot of atoms is formed near the center of the quadrupole magnetic field under an appropriate operating condition. We obtained the minimum trap diameter of 50 micron meter, the atomic density nearly 10^{13}cm^{-3}, and the atomic temperature slightly less than the Doppler limited temperature of 200 micro-K. By releasing trapped atoms we obtained an bright cold atomic beam which is not far from the collision limited atomic density.
Flaky Performances when Pre-Training on Relational Databases with a Plan for Future Characterization Efforts

We explore the downstream task performances for graph neural network (GNN) self-supervised learning (SSL) methods trained on subgraphs extracted from relational databases (RDBs). Intu-itively, this joint use of SSL and GNNs allows us to leverage more of the available data, which could translate to better results. However, while we observe positive transfer in some cases, others showed systematic performance degradation, including some spectacular ones. We hypothesize a mechanism that could explain this behaviour and draft the plan for future work testing it by characterizing how much relevant information different strategies can (theoretically and/or empirically) extract from (synthetic and/or real) RDBs.
Scale dependence of the halo bias in general local-type non-Gaussian models I: analytical predictions and consistency relations

The large-scale clustering pattern of biased tracers is known to be a powerful probe of the non-Gaussianities in the primordial fluctuations. The so-called scale-dependent bias has been reported in various type of models of primordial non-Gaussianities. We focus on local-type non-Gaussianities, and unify the derivations in the literature of the scale-dependent bias in the presence of multiple Gaussian source fields as well as higher-order coupling to cover the models described by frequently-discussed fNL, gNL and tNL parameterization. We find that the resultant power spectrum is characterized by two parameters responsible for the shape and the amplitude of the scale-dependent bias in addition to the Gaussian bias factor. We show how (a generalized version of) Suyama-Yamaguchi inequality between fNL and tNL can directly be accessible from the observed power spectrum through the dependence on our new parameter which controls the shape of the scale-dependent bias. The other parameter for the amplitude of the scale-dependent bias is shown to be useful to distinguish the simplest quadratic non-Gaussianities (i.e., fNL-type) from higher-order ones (gNL and higher), if one measures it from multiple species of galaxies or clusters of galaxies. We discuss the validity and limitations of our analytic results by comparison with numerical simulations in an accompanying paper.
The Second Catalog of Active Galactic Nuclei Detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope

The second catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) in two years of scientific operation is presented. The Second LAT AGN Catalog (2LAC) includes 1017 γ-ray sources located at high Galactic latitudes (|b| > 10) that are detected with a test statistic (TS) greater than 25 and associated statistically with AGNs. However some of these are affected by analysis issues and some are associated with multiple AGNs. Consequently we define a clean sample which includes 886 AGNs, comprising 395 BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs), 310 flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), 157 candidate blazars of unknown type (i.e., with broad-band blazar characteristics but with no optical spectral measurement yet), eight misaligned AGNs, four narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1s), 10 AGNs of other types and two starburst galaxies. Where possible, the blazars have been further classified based on their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) as archival radio, optical, and X-ray data permit. While almost all FSRQs have a synchrotron-peak frequency < 1014 Hz, about half of the BL Lacs have a synchrotron-peak frequency > 1015 Hz. The 2LAC represents a significant improvement relative to the First LAT AGN Catalog (1LAC), with 52% more associated sources. The full characterization of the newly detected sources will require more broad-band data. Various properties, such as γ-ray fluxes and photon power law spectral indices, redshifts, γ-ray luminosities, variability, and archival radio luminosities—and their correlations are presented and discussed for the different blazar classes. The general trends observed in 1LAC are confirmed. Subject headings: gamma rays: observations — galaxies: active — galaxies: jets — BL Lacertae objects: general bruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc., Lattingtown, NY 11560-1025, USA Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323-2094, USA Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, USA Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), I-10133 Torino, Italy Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, I-00133 Roma, Italy Praxis Inc., Alexandria, VA 22303, resident at Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375
Ethical and Conventional Stock Price Performance: An Empirical Investigation under CAPM-GARCH Models

The present paper aims to examine the financial performance of the Moroccan Ethical, Social and Governance index (ESG10) compared to its conventional counterpart the Moroccan All Shares Index MASI index. The ethical investment is a kind of investment that applies screenings criteria to include or exclude assets from a portfolio. This asset filtering strategy, however, may have additional financial costs compared with traditional investments. Therefore, we will examine the following issue: Does ethical investment impact positively/negatively on corporates’ stock market performances? The study covers the period 2019-2022. To this end, various performance ratios was used and a CAPM-GARCH model was estimated. Our findings indicate that the ethical index is not only more volatile than the conventional peer, but also shows a smaller return. This paper is one of the first studies to tackle comparative performances for the ESG 10 index, which was launched by the Casablanca Stock Exchange in September 2018.
HYDRODYNAMICAL SIMULATIONS OF NUCLEAR RINGS IN BARRED GALAXIES

Dust lanes, nuclear rings, and nuclear spirals are typical gas structures in the inner region of barred galaxies. Their shapes and properties are linked to the physical parameters of the host galaxy. We use high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations to study 2D gas flows in simple barred galaxy models. The nuclear rings formed in our simulations can be divided into two groups: one group is nearly round and the other is highly elongated. We find that roundish rings may not form when the bar pattern speed is too high or the bulge central density is too low. We also study the periodic orbits in our galaxy models, and find that the concept of inner Lindblad resonance (ILR) may be generalized by the extent of x 2 ? > orbits. All roundish nuclear rings in our simulations settle in the range of x 2 ? > orbits (or ILRs). However, knowing the resonances is insufficient to pin down the exact location of these nuclear rings. We suggest that the backbone of round nuclear rings is the x 2 ? > orbital family, i.e., round nuclear rings are allowed only in the radial range of x 2 ? > orbits. A round nuclear ring forms exactly at the radius where the residual angular momentum of infalling gas balances the centrifugal force, which can be described by a parameter f ring ? > measured from the rotation curve. The gravitational torque on gas in high pattern speed models is larger, leading to a smaller ring size than in the low pattern speed models. Our result may have important implications for using nuclear rings to measure the parameters of real barred galaxies with 2D gas kinematics.
The Contribution of Microlending Models to the growth of Micro and Small Entrepreneurs

Microfinance has been providing microcredit services to beneficiaries through group, individual, association loans, community banking, and corporative microlending models. The sector has been fostering the growth of business in the economy by enabling entrepreneurs to participate in a variety of income-generating activities. However, there is limited information on the extent the microlending models contribute to the performance of micro and small enterprises. Therefore, the current research primarily intended to assess the contribution of Microfinance Bank's microlending models to the growth of micro and small entrepreneurs in Tanzania. This was a mixed approach study which adopted explanatory design and used convenience and purposive sampling techniques to obtain 179 respondents. Questionnaires, document review and interviews were used to collect both primary and secondary data. Statistical Packages for Social Science were used to quantitatively analyse field data using descriptive statistics (SPSS). MAXQDA10 was also used to conduct a content analysis of qualitative data. The findings of the study show that microlending models of microfinance banks contribute to the growth of micro and small entrepreneurs. It is thus recommended that microfinance banks should use appropriate lending model that is compatible with the nature of micro and small firms for growth and sustainable operations as they constitute the larger portion of lending clientele.
Liver trauma in children with Syrian Civil War: How should treatment management?

Patients with liver injuries should be considered multidisciplinary cases, and the decision to operate should be made according to each patient’s clinical and hemodynamic stability. In this study, we aimed to describe treatment management approaches and appropriate operation times for children with liver injuries resulting from the Syrian Civil War. A total 32 patients who were admitted to a pediatric surgery clinic between 2010 and 2020 with liver injuries resulting from Syrian Civil War were examined retrospectively. Patients were evaluated according to age, gender, type of injury, accompanying trauma, treatment modality, and mortality. A total of 21 patients were injured with shrapnel, while 11 patients suffered from blast effect injury. The mean pediatric trauma score of the patients was 5.2, while the mean pediatric trauma score of the six patients who died was 3.11. Liver suturing was performed in four patients due to bleeding. A segmentectomy was performed in one patient with active bleeding in segment 7. This bleeding was stopped by ligating the branches of the hepatic artery. Two patients who were operated on in Syria and to whom packing was applied due to uncontrolled bleeding were referred to Turkey. One patient with inferior vena cava injury died due to excessive blood loss and instability at the time of admission, and six patients died due to accompanying head trauma and/or multiple body trauma. The main purpose in emergency operations is to stop bleeding. Rarely, however, suturing or even segment resection in the bleeding area may be required.