Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shoulder-belt-forces and thorax injuries

Frontal collisions of automobiles at relatively low velocities often result in serious if not lethal thorax injuries of not safety-belt protected front-seat passengers when crashing against the steering-wheel or dash-board. The wearing of safety-belts may help to prevent the crashing of the upper part of the body against one of these interior instruments and is therefore suited to eliminate injuries caused by these instruments. At the same time, however, the belt becomes now the bearing-surface area of the thorax and can therefore be a cause for thorax injuries itself. But the expected injury risk should, by all means, be smaller due to the special cushioning characteristics of the belt. When wearing a safety-belt the upper part of the body is included in the deceleration of the vehicle. Because of the steadily increasing numbs of people wearing safety-belts in road traffic it has become important to investigate in series the tolerance limit of the thorax when crashing against the safety belt during frontal collisions.
Rethinking Auditory Affective Descriptors Through Zero-Shot Emotion Recognition in Speech

Zero-shot speech emotion recognition (SER) endows machines with the ability of sensing unseen-emotional states in speech, compared with conventional SER endeavors on supervised cases. On addressing the zero-shot SER task, auditory affective descriptors (AADs) are typically employed to transfer affective knowledge from seen- to unseen-emotional states. However, it remains unknown which types of AADs can well describe emotional states in speech during the transfer. In this regard, we define and research on three types of AADs, namely, per-emotion semantic-embedding, per-emotion manually annotated, and per-sample manually annotated AADs, through zero-shot emotion recognition in speech. This leads to a systematic design including prototype- and annotation-based zero-shot SER modules, relying on the input from per-emotion and per-sample AADs, respectively. We then perform extensive experimental comparisons between human and machines’ AADs on the French emotional speech corpus CINEMO for positive-negative (PN) and within-negative (WN) tasks. The experimental results indicate that semantic-embedding prototypes from pretrained models can outperform manually annotated emotional dimensions in zero-shot SER. The results further demonstrate that it is possible for machines to understand and describe affective information in speech better than human beings, with the help of sufficient pretrained models.
Modeling and design of flexure jointed Stewart platforms for control purposes

A number of researchers have been investigating the use of Stewart platforms (or hexapods) for precision applications including machining, vibration isolation and precise pointing. To avoid friction and backlash, these hexapods often employ flexure joints. This does eliminate nonlinear friction and backlash, but adds linear spring/damper dynamics. In addition, since the motion is so accurate, base and/or payload vibrations become significant disturbances to suppress. This paper develops guidelines for designing the flexure joints to facilitate closed-loop control. In addition, since base accelerations are typically the dominant disturbance, their effect is derived. Unlike most prior hexapod dynamic formulations, the model is experimentally verified.
Self-powered optimized synchronous electric charge extraction circuit for piezoelectric energy harvesting

This article presents a self-powered interface circuit for the optimized synchronous electric charge extraction technique applied to piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting. A peak detector circuit is developed to detect the maximum and minimum vibration displacements and drive the electronic switches synchronously. This approach does not require additional piezoelectric elements to power the electronic interface itself for which a detailed analysis and a simple model are proposed to give a better understanding on the working principle. Finally, the influence of the switching phase lag and the peak detector power consumption on the harvested power is studied. Experimental studies are conducted and successfully compared with the theoretical approach.
Attachment of optoelectronic components to silicon submounts by Nd:YAG laser soldering of indium

A fluxless soldering technique has been developed for the attachment of optoelectronic components to silicon submounts by laser soldering of gold-coated indium solder pads. By keeping the solder time per pad at 60 msec, and by adhering to a solder schedule that minimizes the formation of indium oxide, it is possible to solder without flux or the need of an inert atmosphere. The method is demonstrated on a high speed data link consisting of a laser, an external modulator, and a laser back facet detector attached to a silicon submount.
Statistical analysis of fiber-optic CDMA communication systems. II. Incorporating multiple optical amplifiers

For pt. I see ibid., vol.20, no.8, p.1304-16 (2002). In this paper, we study and elaborate on the architectural consideration of using multiple optical amplifiers in an all-optical fiber-optic code-division multiple-access (FO-CDMA) network. Our study and considerations are based on obtaining the statistical characteristic functions for photon-counts of a string of output pulses that constitutes the address code in a FO-CDMA network. Optical orthogonal codes (OOCs) with minimum auto-and cross correlation are employed as the address or signature sequence codes. Our analysis is based on chip-synchronous interference only, which provides an upper bound on the system performance. Shot noise, thermal noise, and extinction ratio are considered in this analysis. Bit error rate (BER) results are obtained using two methods, namely, saddle-point and Gaussian approximations. From our BER analysis, we develop some insight into the optimum distribution of optical amplifiers and their corresponding gain setting parameter. Moreover, the effects of source power, code weight, number of users, bit rate, and amplified spontaneous emission noise are investigated.
Ischemic-Trained Monocytes Improve Arteriogenesis in a Mouse Model of Hindlimb Ischemia

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective: Monocytes, which play an important role in arteriogenesis, can build immunologic memory by a functional reprogramming that modifies their response to a second challenge. This process, called trained immunity, is evoked by insults that shift monocyte metabolism, increasing HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor)-1α levels. Since ischemia enhances HIF-1α, we evaluate whether ischemia can lead to a functional reprogramming of monocytes, which would contribute to arteriogenesis after hindlimb ischemia. Methods and Results: Mice exposed to ischemia by 24 hours (24h) of femoral artery occlusion (24h trained) or sham were subjected to hindlimb ischemia one week later; the 24h trained mice showed significant improvement in blood flow recovery and arteriogenesis after hindlimb ischemia. Adoptive transfer using bone marrow-derived monocytes (BM-Mono) from 24h trained or sham donor mice, demonstrated that recipients subjected to hindlimb ischemia who received 24h ischemic-trained monocytes had remarkable blood flow recovery and arteriogenesis. Further, ischemic-trained BM-Mono had increased HIF-1α and GLUT-1 (glucose transporter-1) gene expression during femoral artery occlusion. Circulating cytokines and GLUT-1 were also upregulated during femoral artery occlusion.Transcriptomic analysis and confirmatory qPCR performed in 24h trained and sham BM-Mono revealed that among the 15 top differentially expressed genes, 4 were involved in lipid metabolism in the ischemic-trained monocytes. Lipidomic analysis confirmed that ischemia training altered the cholesterol metabolism of these monocytes. Further, several histone-modifying epigenetic enzymes measured by qPCR were altered in mouse BM-Mono exposed to 24h hypoxia. Conclusions: Ischemia training in BM-Mono leads to a unique gene profile and improves blood flow and arteriogenesis after hindlimb ischemia.
Utilization of the power losses map in the design of DC/DC converters

In this paper, the authors propose a power losses map in order to optimize the design of DC/DC power converters. The power losses map is a level curves graph which shows, in advance, the theoretical power losses at the different operation-points where it is possible to design a DC/DC power converter, under the same specifications. They present the use of the power losses map especially when there are some restrictions in the design, such as the converter size, the magnetic core size, the maximum drain-source voltage, the conduction mode, when some component is imposed, etc. Finally, a comparison between both the theoretical power losses map and experimental results from flyback power converters is also presented.
"Inactive" Ingredients in Pharmaceutical Products

Pharmaceuticals often contain agents that have a variety of purposes including improvement of the appearance, bioavailability, stability, and palatability of the product. Excipients frequently make up the majority of the mass or volume of oral and parenteral drug products. These pharmaceutical adjuvants are usually considered to be inert and do not add to or affect the intended action of the therapeutically active ingredient. Some 773 chemical agents have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use as inactive ingredients in drug products.1 Inasmuch as these compounds are classified as "inactive," manufacturers are not presently required to list them on the product label. These ingredients are used for a variety of different purposes (Table 1). Because of the large number of these agents and their frequency of use, practicing physicians have recently become concerned about their possible physiologic effects. The increasing number of reports of adverse effects associated with pharmaceutical excipients2 has led to professional and consumer organizations formally requesting the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) to require complete disclosure on the product label of all substances contained in pharmaceuticals. Problems encountered with "inactive" ingredients, include the following. ADVERSE EFFECTS OF PHARMACEUTICAL EXCIPIENTS Benzyl Alcohol This antimicrobial agent is commonly used as a preservative in many injectable drugs and solutions. A number of neonatal deaths and severe respiratory and metabolic complications in infants have been associated with use of this agent.3-5 In a controlled study, intraventricular hemorrhage, metabolic acidosis, and increased mortality were positively correlated with substantial benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol levels in neonates.6
Sensitivity Analysis and Power Systems: Can We Bridge the Gap? A Review and a Guide to Getting Started

Power systems are increasingly affected by various sources of uncertainty at all levels. The investigation of their effects thus becomes a critical challenge for their design and operation. Sensitivity Analysis (SA) can be instrumental for understanding the origins of system uncertainty, hence allowing for a robust and informed decision-making process under uncertainty. The SA value as a support tool for model-based inference is acknowledged; however, its potential is not fully realized yet within the power system community. This is due to an improper use of long-established SA practices, which sometimes prevent an in-depth model sensitivity investigation, as well as to partial communication between the SA community and the final users, ultimately hindering non-specialists’ awareness of the existence of effective strategies to tackle their own research questions. This paper aims at bridging the gap between SA and power systems via a threefold contribution: (i) a bibliometric study of the state-of-the-art SA to identify common practices in the power system modeling community; (ii) a getting started overview of the most widespread SA methods to support the SA user in the selection of the fittest SA method for a given power system application; (iii) a user-oriented general workflow to illustrate the implementation of SA best practices via a simple technical example.
Structure generation of current-mode two integrator loop dual output-OTA grounded capacitor filters

A variety of new current-mode continuous-time two integrator loop filter architectures incorporating dual output operational transconductance amplifiers (DO-OTA) and capacitors (C) are generated. These DO-OTA-C configurations consist of 2-6 DO-OTAs, depending on the structure and only 2 grounded capacitors. They are convenient for integration, suitable for high frequency, multifunctional, electronically tunable, of low sensitivity, simple in structure and easy to design. The selection of the filter structure and effects of DO-OTA nonidealities are discussed.
CPAP Improved Daytime Sleepiness and Memory Function in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder which results in daytime sleepiness and impaired memory function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on sleepiness and memory function in OSA patients. We also investigated whether CPAP compliance impacted the effect of this treatment.Methods: The case-control study enrolled sixty-six patients with moderate to severe OSA subjects. All subjects completed a polysomnographic study, sleepiness questionnaires (the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and four memory function tests (WM: working memory; PS: processing speed; LM: logical memory; FM: face memory). Results: Prior to CPAP treatment, no significant differences (p< 0.05) were noted in the demographic data, daytime sleepiness, or memory function between the two groups (with/without CPAP). However, OSA patients treated with CPAP for two months showed significant improvements in daytime sleepiness, PS, LM, and FM compared to those who did not receive CPAP treatment. A significant improvement in LM was observed in subjects who exhibited good compliance with CPAP treatment compared to those with poor compliance. Conclusions: In conclusion, CPAP treatment for two months improved daytime sleepiness and memory function in OSA patients. Patients exhibiting good CPAP compliance demonstrated greater improvements in daytime sleepiness and LM function.
Efficient Multi-Vehicle Task Offloading for Mobile Edge Computing in 6G Networks

With the development of 6G wireless communication technologies, various resource-intensive and delay-sensitive vehicle application tasks are generated. These application tasks can be offloaded to Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) which deploys computing resources at the edge of networks. Besides, the recent proposed Cybertwin, as the digital representation of the complicated physical end-systems, can help the terminals obtain the required services from networks. Vehicles enabled by Cybertwin can offload their tasks to MEC and achieve better performance. In this paper, we focus on the study of a hybrid energy-powered multi-server MEC system with Cybertwin. Vehicles enabled by Cybertwin and edge servers send the current network status and unprocessed vehicle application tasks to the macro base station (MBS) to achieve the better allocation of resources. Energy harvesting (EH) devices are deployed on edge servers to form a “green energy-grid” hybrid energy supply model. We formulate a stochastic offloading optimization problem, and the goal is to minimize the system cost. The stochastic optimization problem is decomposed into three sub-problems. Then, we design an efficient multi-vehicle task offloading (EMT) algorithm to achieve the trade-off between system cost and task queue length. Theoretical analysis shows that EMT algorithm can optimize the total cost of the MEC system and guarantee the system performance. According to experimental evaluation, we verify the performance of the EMT algorithm.
No taxation without informational foundation: on the role of legibility in tax state development

Abstract This article combines cross-national statistical analysis and in-depth historical case studies of Argentina and Chile to explore the relationship between two crucial dimensions of state capacity. We show that information capacity contributes to the development of fiscal capacity. When states have accurate information about their subject populations, territories, and economies, they are more effective at mobilizing revenues. In developing this argument this article makes three broader contributions. First, while existing scholarship either treats distinct dimensions of state capacity as separate entities, or simply assumes that they complement each other, our findings urge scholars to treat state development as sequential and to further investigate how multiple dimensions of state capacity are interrelated. Second, the paper suggests a broader underlying set of mechanisms – economies of scope – which connect these dimensions, and explores them in the specific context of how information capacity facilitates fiscal capacity. Third, we join the scholarship on the importance of societal compliance in the creation of the fiscal state, but with a focus on elite cooperation with the state's information collection efforts, which we show to be crucial to tax state development.
Immunization with Brucella abortus S19Δper Conferred Protection in Water Buffaloes against Virulent Challenge with B. abortus Strain S544

Vaccination of cattle and buffaloes with Brucella abortus strain 19 has been the mainstay for control of bovine brucellosis. However, vaccination with S19 suffers major drawbacks in terms of its safety and interference with serodiagnosis of clinical infection. Brucella abortus S19∆per, a perosamine synthetase wbkB gene deletion mutant, overcomes the drawbacks of the S19 vaccine strain. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of Brucella abortus S19Δper vaccine candidate in the natural host, buffaloes. Safety of S19∆per, for animals use, was assessed in guinea pigs. Protective efficacy of vaccine was assessed in buffaloes by immunizing with normal dose (4 × 1010 colony forming units (CFU)/animal) and reduced dose (2 × 109 CFU/animal) of S19Δper and challenged with virulent strain of B. abortus S544 on 300 days post immunization. Bacterial persistency of S19∆per was assessed in buffalo calves after 42 days of inoculation. Different serological, biochemical and pathological studies were performed to evaluate the S19∆per vaccine. The S19Δper immunized animals showed significantly low levels of anti-lipopolysaccharides (LPS) antibodies. All the immunized animals were protected against challenge infection with B. abortus S544. Sera from the majority of S19Δper immunized buffalo calves showed moderate to weak agglutination to RBPT antigen and thereby, could apparently be differentiated from S19 vaccinated and clinically-infected animals. The S19Δper was more sensitive to buffalo serum complement mediated lysis than its parent strain, S19. Animals culled at 6-weeks-post vaccination showed no gross lesions in organs and there was comparatively lower burden of infection in the lymph nodes of S19Δper immunized animals. With attributes of higher safety, strong protective efficacy and potential of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA), S19Δper would be a prospective alternate to conventional S19 vaccines for control of bovine brucellosis as proven in buffaloes.
Analisis Tingkat Kedisiplinan Peserta didik Sebelum dan Sesudah Prakerin di SMK Negeri 3 Tarakan

Analisis Tingkat Kedisiplinan Peserta didik Sebelum dan Sesudah Prakerin di SMK Negeri 3 Tarakan Rumia Guru SMK Negeri 3 Tarakan Email : rumiasmktigatarakan@yahoo.co.id Abstrac: Research was conducted by quantitative-qualitative approach, by taking 60 samples from 150 populations of students with simple random sampling technique. Data were collected with documentation and interview method as data strength, then, analyzed through normality test, homogeneity test, and different t test dependent sample t test. The result of analysis by using t-test that there was significant difference between the level of students’ discipline before and after industrial working practice. The result showed that the average of students’ discipline score before working practice was 60.8 and the average of students’ discipline score after working practice was 49.08. Therefore, the decrease of discipline level occurred slightly after carrying out working practice, which was 11.1 point. The efforts must be implemented by school was guidance intensively when students were at industry, MoU with industry party is not only limited on the implementation of industrial working practice but it includes students’ guidance Keywords: analysis, discipline, industrial working practice, policy Abstrak: Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif kualitatif, dengan mengambil 60 sampel dari 150 populasi peserta didik dengan teknik simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode dokumentasi dan wawancara sebagai penguatan data, kemudian dianalisis melalui uji normalitas, homogenitas, dan uji beda t uji t sampel terikat. Hasil analisis pengujian dengan menggunakan uji–t diketahui bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara tingkat kedisiplinan peserta didik sebelum dan sesudah praktik kerja industri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata skor kedisiplinan peserta didik sebelum prakerin adalah 60,18 dan rata-rata skor kedisiplinan peserta didik sesudah prakerin adalah 49,08. Dengan demikian terjadi penurunan tingkat kedisiplinan sesaat setelah melaksanakan prakerin sebesar 11,1 poin. Upaya yang harus dilakukan oleh pihak sekolah adalah melakukan pembimbingan secara intensif saat peserta didik berada di industri, MoU dengan pihak industri bukan hanya sebatas pelaksanaan prakerin tetapi termasuk pembinaan peserta didik. Kata kunci: analisis, disiplin, prakerin, kebijakan.
AN APPROACH TO EMBODIED INTERACTIVE VISUAL STEERING: BRIDGING SIMULATED AND REAL WORLDS

Interactive visual steering of a complex simulation is often limited by our inability, due to the cognitive overload, to fully grasp the data presented on a computer screen. Our cognitive processes are dependent on how our body interacts with the world (affordances) and how we off-load cognitive work onto our physical surrounding (embodied cognition). We present an approach to embodied interactive visual steering that takes advantages of affordances and embodied cognition in a large physical space. The initial implementation of the proposed approach uses augmented reality and motion tracking to display the simulated system on a scale that can benefit from embodied cognition. Embodied interactions support visual steering, i.e., changing the simulation system parameters, by using physical devices and device-embodied tasks.