Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kinematical Analysis of Swing Motion with Golf Iron Clubs Used by Elite Golfers

The purpose of this study is to provide basic materials for amateur golf players or golf maniacs to learn desirable iron swing motions. This study compared and analyzed the swing motions of iron clubs(3, 6, 9) by using 3-D in three elite golf players. 1. There was no a great difference in the total of swing time by club and the time by phase was nearly similar. 2. There was no a difference in the change in a head location at address and impact by club. 3. The angle change in a right knee joint was similar by club except the difference according to the length of the club. 4. There was a subtle difference in hip rotation angle by club. 5. In each club, the same rotation angle of shoulder joint at address and impact motions contributed to accurate swing, and the maintenance of more than of shoulder rotation angle in top swing increased swing rotation. 6. Although subtle, the forward angle of upper body was increased with a shorter club. of forward angle of upper body was maintained at address, top swing, and impact motions.
Content-Based Image Retrieval using Color Quantization and Angle Representation

An efficient non-uniform color quantization and similarity measurement methods are proposed to enhance the content-based image retrieval (CBIR) applications. The HSV color space is selected because it is close to human visual perception system, and a non-uniform color method is proposed to quantize an image into 37 colors. The marker histogram (MH) vector of size 296 values is generated by segmenting the quantized image into 8 regions (multiplication of 45°) and count the occurrences of the quantized colors in their particular angles. To cope with rotated images, an incremental displacement to the MH is applied 7 times. To find similar images, we proposed a new similarity measurement and other 4 existing metrics. A uniform color quantization of related work is implemented too and compared to our quantization method. One-hundred test images are selected from the Corel-1000 images database. Our experimental results conclude high retrieving precision ratios compared to other techniques.
Differential calculus on q-Minkowski space

We wish to report here on a recent approach to the non-commutative calculus on $q$-Minkowski space which is based on the reflection equations with no spectral parameter. These are considered as the expression of the invariance (under the coaction of the $q$-Lorentz group) of the commutation properties which define the different $q$-Minkowski algebras. This approach also allows us to discuss the possible ambiguities in the definition of $q$-Minkowski space ${\cal M}_q$ and its differential calculus. The commutation relations among the generators of ${\cal M}_q$ (coordinates), ${\cal D}_q$ (derivatives), $\Lambda_q$ (one-forms) and a few invariant (scalar) operators are established and compared with earlier results.
OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN WHEAT SEEDLINGS GROWN UNDER SALINITY STRESS CONDITION

The effect of NaCl on seedlings of ( Triticum aestivum L.) var. Sakha 69 was studied. Obtained results revealed that high salinity treatment (12 dS/m) caused symptoms of oxidative damage such as a decrease in growth rate, superoxide dismutase activity, nitrogen content, protein percentage. On the other hand high salinization led to increase in peroxidase activity, lipid peroxidation, sodium and chloride ions accumulation as well as Na : K ratio.
Noncommutative Geometry and Twisted Little-String Theories

In this thesis we will discuss various aspects of noncommutative geometry and compactified Little-String theories. First we will give an introduction to the use of noncommutative geometry in string theory. Thereafter we will present a proof of the connection between D-brane dynamics and noncommutative geometry. Then we will explain the concept of instantons in noncommutative gauge theories. The last chapters shift the focus to Little-String- and $(2,0)$-theories. We study compactifications of these theories on tori with twists. First we study the case of two coinciding branes in detail. Afterwards we study the case of an arbitrary number of coinciding branes. The main result here is that the moduli spaces of vacua for the twisted compactifications are equal to moduli spaces of instantons on a noncommutative torus. A special case of this is that a large class of gauge theories with $\SUSY{2}$ supersymmetry in D=4 or $\SUSY{4}$ in D=3 has moduli spaces which are moduli spaces of instantons on noncommutative tori.
Gut bacterial diversity on the basis of feeding behaviour in different species of thrips (Thysanoptera)

Thrips, tiny to medium sized insects with fringed wings are economically important due to their pestiferous and predatory behaviour. They have a wide range of feeding habitats i.e. leaf feeders, to flower, spore, and fungus feeders. Here, we comprehensively characterized the gut bacteria of nine thrips species collected from two geographical areas of India. Moreover, an attempt to elucidate the impact of different feeding habits (leaf, flower, and spore) on the gut microbiota was also carried out. Comparative analyses revealed that the gut bacterial structure at the phylum level was almost similar with dominant phyla such as Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes with few exceptions. Further, at genera level, the gut bacteria were significantly different and revealed the presence of the highest abundance of Rosenbergiella, Wolbachia, Curtobacterium Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas. Moreover, the gut microbiota was involved in pathways such as Biosynthesis of amino acids, vitamin metabolism etc.
Covariant Loop Quantum Gravity: An Elementary Introduction to Quantum Gravity and Spinfoam Theory

Preface Part I. Foundations: 1. Spacetime as a quantum object 2. Physics without time 3. Gravity 4. Classical discretization Part II. The 3D Theory: 5. 3D Euclidean theory 6. Bubbles and cosmological constant Part III. The Real World: 7. The real world: 4D Lorentzian theory 8. Classical limit 9. Matter Part IV. Physical Applications: 10. Black holes 11. Cosmology 12. Scattering 13. Final remarks References Index.
Impact of cerebral hypoperfusion–reperfusion on optic nerve integrity and visual function in the DBA/2J mouse model of glaucoma

Objective One of the most important risk factors for developing a glaucomatous optic neuropathy is elevated intraocular pressure. Moreover, mechanisms such as altered perfusion have been postulated to injure the optical path. In a mouse model, we compare first negative effects of cerebral perfusion/reperfusion on the optic nerve structure versus alterations by elevated intraocular pressure. Second, we compare the alterations by isolated hypoperfusion-reperfusion and isolated intraocular pressure to the combination of both. Methods and analysis Mice were divided in four groups: (1) controls; (2) perfusion altered mice that underwent transient bi-common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) for 40 min; (3) glaucoma group (DBA/2J mice); (4) combined glaucoma and altered perfusion (DBA/2J mice with transient BCCAO). Optic nerve sections were stereologically examined 10–12 weeks after intervention. Results All experimental groups showed a decreased total axon number per optic nerve compared with controls. In DBA/2J and combined DBA/2J & BCCAO mice the significant decrease was roughly 50%, while BCCAO leaded to a 23% reduction of axon number, however reaching significance only in the direct t-test. The difference in axon number between BCCAO and both DBA/2J mice was almost 30%, lacking statistical significance due to a remarkably high variation in both DBA/2J groups. Conclusion Elevated intraocular pressure in the DBA/2J mouse model of glaucoma leads to a much more pronounced optic nerve atrophy compared with transient forebrain hypoperfusion and reperfusion by BCCAO. A supposed worsening effect of an altered perfusion added to the pressure-related damage could not be detected.
3D Point Clouds Reconstruction of Environment Subject to Thin Structures

Featureless environments represent a major challenge for deploying LiDAR-based Simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) systems. These systems, often relying on the Iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm, are vulnerable to failures caused by the lack of constraints in 3D point clouds. Furthermore, the increasing number of points produced by today’s LiDARs is no longer suitable for practical applications and must often be reduced. However, the point cloud sampling operation inevitably erases geometric relations that might otherwise be critical for a correct convergence of the ICP algorithm. We argue that many unconstrained environments are often not wholly featureless, containing cables, lights and other equipment. The effect of these small objects on localisation quality is reduced since, after sampling, they become unrecognisable. In this work, we evaluate sampling methods in the context of LiDAR-based SLAM in an underconstrained environment. Several open-source sampling filters are first analysed and the filters are classified with a proposed taxonomy. Then, we investigate the representation of thin structures in point clouds recorded with four LiDAR sensors. We evaluate the sampling methods employing three datasets with varying feature complexity, ranging from an empty to a fully constrained tunnel. The methods are evaluated on diverse point cloud compression rates and with a precise total station ground truth trajectory. We show that octree-based space subdivision methods are superior to other sampling strategies, but the experiments highlight that no state-ofthe-art filter achieves a reliable localisation in an environment constrained only by thin structures.
Effect of Glycine Betaine and Chitosan on Water Stress Tolerance of Summer Squash Plants.

Two field experiments were conducted at private farm in Belqas, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during the two summer seasons of 2020 and 2021 to study the effect of irrigation intervals (7 and 14 days), control (priming and foliar with tap water), glycine betaine seed priming (150 ppm), glycine betaine seed priming (150 ppm) plus glycine betaine foliar application (700 ppm), chitosan seed priming (150 ppm), and chitosan seed priming (150 ppm) plus chitosan foliar application (150 ppm), and their interactions on yield, chemical constituents and quality of summer squash cv Eskandrani. Irrigation intervals every 7days increased significantly yield, total chlorophyll, N, P, K and protein percentages of fruits meanwhile irrigation intervals every 14 days increased significantly phenols, CAT in leaves, VC and carbohydrates in fruits. Glycine betaine or chitosan seed priming with foliar applications had similar effect on most studied characters, which significantly increased in all studied parameters compared with control. The interaction between irrigation every 7 days and chitosan seed priming (at 150 ppm) with foliar application of chitosan (at 150 ppm) recorded the highest values in fruit length, diameter, fruit dry matter, total yield (ton/fed), total chlorophyll, N, P and K and protein percentages in fruits, while phenols, CAT of leaves, VC and carbohydrates in fruits recorded the highest values with the interaction between irrigation every 14 days and glycine betaine seed treatment at 150 ppm with foliar application of glycine betaine (at 700 ppm) compared with other treatments. Therefore, these treatments enhanced the yield under water stress conditions.
Post-Modern Algebra

Modern and Post-Modern Algebra. Algebra: The Central Discipline of Mathematics. Sets with Structure and Sets Without Structure. Semigroups and Monoids. GROUP AND QUASIGROUPS. Monoid Actions. Groups and Quasigroups. Symmetry. Loops, Nets and Isotopy. LINEAR ALGEBRA. General Algebra and Linear Algebra. Vector Spaces and Modules. Commutative Algebra. CATEGORIES AND LATTICES. Posets, Monoids and Categories. Limits and Lattices. Adjoint Functors. UNIVERSAL ALGEBRA. Sets with Operations. Varieties. Algebraic Theories. Monads. Index.
Sholas in south Indian montane: Past, present and future

The forest, short to medium-boled attaining a height between 15 to 20 m, constitutes the only tropical montane forest in pockets in the montane region of Nilgiris, Anamalai, Palni and silent Valley, southern India. Palynological studies have revealed that these shola forest communities had been wide spread in the past. They originated through gradual invasion of shrubs, and under trees into the grassland, about 35,000 years BP corresponding in time to the last glaciation in the north and were established about 24,000 years BP. The progressive recession of sholas had started around 7,000 years BP. Both biotic and climatic factors have not only reduced the sholas to its present-day minimal size but have also created conditions under which the community has almost completely stopped regeneration outside the sholas. Degeneration and fast receding trend in the shola communities and expanding grasslands and massive plantation of exotic trees reduced the soil as well as above surface moisture which is not conducive for the sholas. If preventive measures are not taken the sholas in near future would ultimately perish.
SOME PROPERTIES AND FACTORS AFFECTING CHITINASE PRODUCTION BY Bacillus licheniformis AND ITS USE AS ANTIFUNGAL AGENT

Chitinolytic enzymes of B. licheniformis , which used as antifungal agent were studied, and the results revealed that the growth of B. licheniformis reached its maximum activity in the third day. Maximum enzyme activity was observed in the fifth day. Colloidal chitin + arabinose up to 1.5 + 0.1% were observed as a superior source for enzyme production. Yeast extract enhanced the enzyme biosynthesis. Enzyme production was strongly influenced by aeration. pH 8.0 and 45  C were appeared to be the optimal for chitinase production. Maximum specific activity, recovery and purification fold were found with the use of 60% saturation of ammonium sulphate, being 23.39 units/mg protein, 52.4% and 9.4 folds, respectively. 45  C and pH 7.5 were found as the optimum temperature and pH for enzyme activity. Enzyme was stable up to 60  C and lost 15% only from maximum activity at 70  C, indicating that this enzyme is a thermostable one. Enzyme activity apparently is rather stable with a broad pH ranging from 6.0 to 8.0. Thus, the enzyme has advantageous for use in biotechnology as antifungal agent. CaCl 2 , MgSO 4 , MnSO 4 and FeSO 4 stimulated the enzyme activity, while HgCl 2 at 10 mM inhibited the enzyme activity. three tested, licheniformis chitinase to the nutrient media of some parasitic fungi, inhibited its growth and its sporulation rate. Therefore, this enzyme may be play an important role in the defense against parasitic fungi on higher plants.
Food-Borne Chemical Carcinogens and the Evidence for Human Cancer Risk

Commonly consumed foods and beverages can contain chemicals with reported carcinogenic activity in rodent models. Moreover, exposures to some of these substances have been associated with increased cancer risks in humans. Food-borne carcinogens span a range of chemical classes and can arise from natural or anthropogenic sources, as well as form endogenously. Important considerations include the mechanism(s) of action (MoA), their relevance to human biology, and the level of exposure in diet. The MoAs of carcinogens have been classified as either DNA-reactive (genotoxic), involving covalent reaction with nuclear DNA, or epigenetic, involving molecular and cellular effects other than DNA reactivity. Carcinogens are generally present in food at low levels, resulting in low daily intakes, although there are some exceptions. Carcinogens of the DNA-reactive type produce effects at lower dosages than epigenetic carcinogens. Several food-related DNA-reactive carcinogens, including aflatoxins, aristolochic acid, benzene, benzo[a]pyrene and ethylene oxide, are recognized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as causes of human cancer. Of the epigenetic type, the only carcinogen considered to be associated with increased cancer in humans, although not from low-level food exposure, is dioxin (TCDD). Thus, DNA-reactive carcinogens in food represent a much greater risk than epigenetic carcinogens.
Numerische Mathematik A posteriori error estimator for the eigenvalue problem associated to the Schrödinger operator with magnetic field

The ground state for the Neumann realization of the Schrödinger operator for constant and sufficiently large magnetic field presents a localization in the boundary of the domain and particularly in the corners where the angle is minimum. As the solution decreases exponentially fast away of the corner, it is rather difficult to catch it numerically. A natural idea is to try using a mesh refinement method coupled to a posteriori error estimates. The purpose of this paper is to provide such an estimator adapted to the problem.
The Association Between Genetic Polymorphisms of Transporter Genes and Prognosis of Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Lung Cancer Patients

Objective Platinum-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment of lung cancer. However, different individual and genetic variation effect therapy for lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between transport genes genetic polymorphisms and the prognosis of platinum-based chemotherapy in lung cancer patients. Methods A series of 593 patients with treatment of platinum-based chemotherapy were recruited for this study. A total of 21 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in nine transporter genes were selected to investigate their associations with platinum-based chemotherapy prognosis. Results Patients with ABCG2 rs1448784 CC genotype had a significantly shorter PFS than CT or TT genotypes (Additive model: HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.02–2.35, P = 0.040). In stratification analysis, SLC22A2 rs316003, SLC2A1 rs4658 were related to PFS and AQP9 rs1867380, SLC2A1 rs3820589, SLC22A2 rs316003 indicated were related to OS of platinum-based chemotherapy prognosis. Conclusion Genetic polymorphisms of rs1448784 in ABCG2 might be potential clinical marker for predicting the prognosis of lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.
Hybrid Amplification Approach Towards Wideband Optical Communications

Optical amplification techniques using fiber nonlinearities have the potential to cover new bands beyond the C and L-bands. Among nonlinear amplifiers, the phase-sensitive amplifier has a noise figure that can ideally be 0 dB, and it can compensate for the additional noise resulting from the higher losses of new bands compared to C and L-bands in transmission fibers. In this paper, a hybrid amplifier that combines three nonlinear phenomena in highly nonlinear fibers, namely parametric wavelength conversion, Raman amplification, and phase-sensitive amplification, is proposed as a discrete amplifier to achieve sufficient gain in the new band while simultaneously minimizing amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). The combination of these phenomena helped to simplify the overall amplifier by eliminating the need for electrical phased lock loop and aligning the powers of the signal and idler and maximizing the pump power without signal/pump path separation. In addition, the fiber Bragg grating-based phase shifter reduced the total phase of the signals, idlers, and pump close to zero by temperature tuning. The prototype of the hybrid amplifier achieved >25 nm gain bandwidth, approximately 20 dB net gain, and the ASE level was suppressed. The proposed amplifier is suitable for applications in large-scale high-capacity networks, such as metro and long-haul networks.
Determinants of Virus Variation, Evolution, and Host Adaptation

Virus evolution is the change in the genetic structure of a viral population over time and results in the emergence of new viral variants, strains, and species with novel biological properties, including adaptation to new hosts. There are host, vector, environmental, and viral factors that contribute to virus evolution. To achieve or fine tune compatibility and successfully establish infection, viruses adapt to a particular host species or to a group of species. However, some viruses are better able to adapt to diverse hosts, vectors, and environments. Viruses generate genetic diversity through mutation, reassortment, and recombination. Plant viruses are exposed to genetic drift and selection pressures by host and vector factors, and random variants or those with a competitive advantage are fixed in the population and mediate the emergence of new viral strains or species with novel biological properties. This process creates a footprint in the virus genome evident as the preferential accumulation of substitutions, insertions, or deletions in areas of the genome that function as determinants of host adaptation. Here, with respect to plant viruses, we review the current understanding of the sources of variation, the effect of selection, and its role in virus evolution and host adaptation.
H/sup infinity / and H/sup 2/ optimal controllers for periodic and multi-rate systems

The solutions to the optimal l/sup 2/ to l/sup 2/ disturbance rejection problem (H/sup infinity /) as well as to the LQG (linear quadratic Gaussian) (H/sup 2/) problem in periodic systems using the lifting technique are presented. Both problems involve a causality condition on the optimal LTI (linear time invariant) compensator when viewed in the lifted domain. The H/sup infinity / problem is solved using the Nehari's theorem, whereas in the H/sup 2/ problem the solution is obtained using the projection theorem in Hilbert spaces. The authors demonstrate that exactly the same method of solution to the H/sup infinity / and H/sup 2/ problems in periodic systems applies when considering the same problems in multirate sampled data systems. <<ETX>>
Principal’s Visionary Leadership and Work Climate toward Elementary School Teachers’ Performance

This research aims to reveal the influence of principal’s visionary leadership (X1) and work climate (X2) on teachers’ performance (X3). The type of research used is quantitative research. The target population in this study were all public elementary school principals and teachers in Kedaung Kaliangke Village as many as 160 people. The population is divided into 1 Village, with purposive sampling techniques. The researchers selected 12 schools consisting of 160 teachers and principals. In deciding the research sample, the Slovin formula was utilized. From the calculation, they obtained 114 people as research sample. Data collection technique used was using questionnaire with survey methods. The instruments were analyzed using the Likert model scale. The results of the study informed three main information. First, there were directly and positively influenced by 48% of Teacher Performance (X3) influenced by the second principal’s visionary leadership (X1). Second, there was a direct and positive influence of 39% performance variation (X3) influenced by the teacher working climate (X2). Third, there was a direct and positive influence of 62% variation of the working climate (X2) influenced by visionary leadership (X1). As a conclusion, there is positive correlation among the three variables, namely principal’s visionary leadership, work climate, and teacher performance.