Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“Winga Is Trying to Get in”: Local Observations of Climate Change in the Tiwi Islands

There is a growing body of research documenting Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities' observations of changes in climate. The accuracy, efficacy, and transferability of this research depends on its motives and methods. In this paper, we report on research to produce a working knowledge of changes in climate and its impacts on local biophysical systems in the Tiwi Islands in Northern Australia. Interviews with 52 Tiwi people were combined with diverse forms of aerial data to produce a nuanced understanding of climate change in these remote islands. These data show changes in climate‐sensitive biophysical systems that would otherwise remain undetected by instruments conventionally used for monitoring climate change. These include changes in shorelines, which are causing concerns about damage to buildings that are important for Tiwi well‐being, and changes in the marine environment and wetlands, which are causing concerns about damage to natural heritage. We discuss the implications of these findings, arguing that systematic observations collected by networks of people “on Country” can provide excellent monitoring of climate change impacts, and that Indigenous people's interests in the effects of climate change overlap with those of non‐Indigenous people, as do their rights to support from the State for adaptation.
Pulse preserving flat-top supercontinuum generation in all-normal dispersion photonic crystal fibers

Supercontinuum (SC) generation in all-normal dispersion photonic crystal fiber under high energy femtosecond pumping is numerically investigated. It is shown that coherent octave spanning SC spectra with flatness of better than ±1 dB can be achieved over the entire bandwidth. A single pulse is maintained in the time domain, which may be externally compressed to the sub-10 fs regime even by simple linear chirp elimination. The single optical cycle limit is approached for full phase compensation, leading to peak power spectral densities of multiple kilowatts/nanometer. The generated SC is therefore ideal for applications which require high broadband spectral power densities as well as a defined pulse profile in the time domain. The properties of the generated SC are shown to be independent of the input pulse duration.
A note on functions of Markov processes with an application to a sequence of χ2 statistics

A sufficient condition for a function of a Markov process to be Markovian is obtained by considering a reverse process of the original Markov process. An application of this result provides a simple derivation of the joint distribution of a sequence of Pearson χ 2 statistics previously obtained by Zaharov, Sarmanov and Sevast'ianov (1969).
Frameshift mutation in SQSTM1 causes proximal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles: A case report

p62/Sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1) is a stress-inducible scaffold protein involved in multiple cellular processes, including apoptosis, inflammation, cell survival, and selective autophagy. SQSTM1 mutations are associated with a spectrum of multisystem proteinopathy, including Paget disease of the bone, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, and distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles (MRV). Herein, we report a new phenotype of SQSTM1-associated proteinopathy, a novel frameshift mutation in SQSTM1 causing proximal MRV. A 44-year-old Chinese patient presented with progressive limb–girdle weakness. She had asymmetric proximal limb weakness and myopathic features on electromyography. The magnetic resonance images showed fatty infiltration into muscles, predominantly in the thighs and medial gastrocnemius, sparing the tibialis anterior. Muscle histopathology revealed abnormal protein deposition, p62/SQSTM1-positive inclusions, and rimmed vacuoles. Next-generation sequencing showed a novel pathogenic SQSTM1 frameshift mutation, c. 542_549delACAGCCGC (p. H181Lfs*66). We expanded the pathogenic genotype of SQSTM1 to include a new, related phenotype: proximal MRV. We suggest that SQSTM1 variations should be screened in cases of proximal MRV.
Probabilistic Community Detection in Social Networks

The detection of community structures is a very crucial research area. The problem of community detection has received considerable attention from a large portion of the scientific community. More importantly, these articles are spread across a large number of different disciplines, from computer science, to statistics, and social sciences. The analysis of modern social networks becomes rather cumbersome, as their size and number keeps growing larger and larger. Moreover, in the modern communities, users participate in large number of groups. From the network perspective, efficient methods should be developed to automatically identify overlapping communities, that is, communities with overlapping nodes. In this work, we use a probabilistic network model to characterize and identify linked communities with common nodes. The innovative idea in this work is that the communities are represented as Markovian networks with continuously changing states. Each state represents the number of users within a cluster, that have specific characteristic classes. Based on the current state, we introduce a fast, linear on the number of newly added users, approach to estimate the probability of each cluster to be homogeneous in terms of sets of user characteristics and to determine how well the new user fit within a community. Because of the linear computations involved, our proposed probabilistic model can detect communities and overlaps with low execution time and high accuracy, as shown in our experimental results. The experimental results have shown that our probabilistic scheme executes faster and provides more robust communities compared to competitive schemes.
SNapp, a Tailored Smartphone App Intervention to Promote Walking in Adults of Low Socioeconomic Position: Development and Qualitative Pilot Study

Background Adults of low socioeconomic position (SEP) are generally less physically active than those who are more socioeconomically advantaged, which increases their cardiovascular disease incidence risk. Moreover, individuals of low SEP are often less easily reached with physical activity (PA) interventions than individuals of higher SEP. Smartphone apps have been presented as a promising platform for delivering PA interventions to difficult-to-reach individuals of low SEP. Although PA apps are widely available, they are rarely based on health behavior theories and most predominantly offer generic PA advice. Consequently, it is unlikely that available apps are the most effective PA intervention tools. Objective To respond to these areas for improvement, we developed SNapp, an app-based intervention encouraging adults of low SEP to increase PA by providing tailored coaching messages targeting walking behavior. This study aimed to describe SNapp’s stepwise development and pilot evaluation process. Methods We applied a stepwise approach: analyzing the health problem, developing a program framework, developing tailoring assessments, writing tailored messages, automating the tailoring process, and implementing and evaluating the program in a qualitative pilot study (11 participants). Results SNapp consisted of several elements. First, an app was developed to collect step count and geolocation data using smartphone sensor functionalities. In addition, a survey measure was created to assess users’ behavior change technique (BCT) preferences. These 3 data types were used to tailor SNapp’s coaching messages to stimulate walking. This allows SNapp to offer feedback on performance levels, contextually tailored prompts when users are near green spaces, and coaching content that aligns with individual BCT preferences. Finally, a server-based Python program that interacts with databases containing user data and tailored messages was built using Microsoft Azure to select and automatically send messages to users through Telegram messenger. Pilot study findings indicated that SNapp was rated positively, with participants reporting that its design, technical functioning, and message content were acceptable. Participants suggested additional functionalities that are worth considering for future updates. Conclusions SNapp is an app-based intervention that aims to promote walking in adults of low SEP by offering tailored coaching messages. Its development is theory based, and it is among the first to incorporate contextualized feedback and content tailored to individual BCT preferences. The effectiveness of SNapp will be evaluated in a 12-month real-life parallel cluster-randomized controlled trial.
Rumen Biogeographical Regions and Microbiome Variation

The rumen is a complex organ that is critical for its host to convert low-quality feedstuffs into energy. The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to volatile fatty acids and other end products is primarily driven by the rumen microbiome and its interaction with the host. Importantly, the rumen is demarcated into five distinct rumen sacs as a result of anatomical structure, resulting in variable physiology among the sacs. However, rumen nutritional and microbiome studies have historically focused on the bulk content or fluids sampled from single regions within the rumen. Examining the rumen microbiome from only one or two biogeographical regions is likely not sufficient to provide a comprehensive analysis of the rumen microbiome and its fermentative capacity. Rumen biogeography, digesta fraction, and microbial rumen–tissue association all impact the diversity and function of the entirety of the rumen microbiome. Therefore, this review discusses the importance of the rumen biographical regions and their contribution to microbiome variation.
An Algorithm for Solving the Fractional Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation by Means of the Homotopy Perturbation Method

In this study, we present a framework to obtain analytical solutions to nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equations. The homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is employed to derive analytical solutions for these equations. Some examples are tested and the results reveal that the technique introduced here is very effective and convenient for solving nonlinear partial differential equations of fractional order.
Analytic models for organic field-effect transistors based on exponential and power mobility models

The fundamental I–V formula of an organic field effect transistor (OFET) is improved to overcome the divergence of the integrand, so it is very convenient for both numerical calculations and analytic derivations. The analytic I–V formulae are derived based on the exponential mobility model and power-function mobility model, respectively, and the derived analytic formulae are applied to three OFET devices. The results calculated from the reformulated analytic I–V formulae taking in exponential and power function mobility models are all in good agreement with the experimental I–V data. The parameters μ 0 and γ that are extracted from the mobility model and fitted by experimental data show simple Arrhenius temperature dependence and inverse linear relationship with temperature, respectively. These findings are very useful for practical applications and device simulations.
A Neuron‐Readable Artificial Photoreceptor Composed of Photodeformable Liquid Crystal Polymers and Piezoelectric Materials

Artificial photoreceptors are extensively developed to help the patients with serious eye diseases by converting light into electric signals. However, the existing systems still suffer from poor output signals, restricting signal transduction to cells. Here, a neuron‐readable artificial photoreceptor with significant voltage output is constructed by using photodeformable liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) and polyvinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene (P(VDF‐TrFE)). The significant voltage output originates from light‐stress‐electricity conversion, where the photo‐induced stress is attributed to the free volume expansion of the photodeformable LCPs and subsequently converts them into strong electric signals by the P(VDF‐TrFE) layer. The photo‐induced open‐circuit voltage reaches up to 0.79 ± 0.02 V, which is, to the knowledge, 19 times higher than the maximum voltage (0.04 V) that has been reported to date. Hence, such artificial photoreceptor successfully transduces photo‐induced electric signals to cells and tissues, communicates with the neurons, and triggers spiking activities in blind retinas. Besides, visual image recognition is demonstrated in a pixelated matrix by analyzing electric signals of each unit. This artificial photoreceptor opens new opportunities for the combination of the photodeformability and piezoelectricity, providing an avenue to develop neuron‐readable artificial retinas and implantable sensors.
Evaluation of Three Lattice Boltzmann Models for Particulate Flows

A comparative study is conducted to evaluate three types of lattice Boltz- mann equation (LBE) models for fluid flows with finite-sized particles, including the lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) model, the model proposed by Ladd (Ladd AJC, J. Fluid Mech., 271, 285-310 (1994); Ladd AJC, J. Fluid Mech. , 271, 311-339 (1994)), and the multiple-relaxation-time (MRT) model. The sedimentation of a circular particle in a two-dimensional infinite channel under gravity is used as the first test problem. The numerical results of the three LBE schemes are compared with the theoretical results and existing data. It is found that all of the three LBE schemes yield reasonable re- sults in general, although the BGK scheme and Ladd's scheme give some deviations in some cases. Our results also show that the MRT scheme can achieve a better nu- merical stability than the other two schemes. Regarding the computational efficiency, it is found that the BGK scheme is the most superior one, while the other two schemes are nearly identical. We also observe that the MRT scheme can unequivocally reduce the viscosity dependence of the wall correction factor in the simulations, which reveals the superior robustness of the MRT scheme. The superiority of the MRT scheme over the other two schemes is also confirmed by the simulation of the sedimentation of an elliptical particle.
Quantum noise analysis in correlated two-photon imaging

The theoretical analysis of quantum noise is presented in a correlated two-photon imaging system with entangled photons. The noise is strongly influenced by the size and the entanglement degree of the source. An increase of the source size results in a remarkable decrease of the amplitude of the noise when the size is much smaller than the aperture of the lens, whereas the change will not be obvious if the size is close to the aperture. The difference of the effects from the source between correlated imaging formed with entangled photons and with partially coherent light is also discussed.
Born to Be Sustainable: Consumers’ Response toward Luxury Products That Are Born versus Reborn Sustainable

With the rise of environmental consumerism, luxury brands have begun marketing sustainable products. Yet research so far has provided mixed findings with regard to consumers’ attitude toward sustainable luxury products. The current research enriches the ongoing debate of conditions under which consumers are likely to respond favorably to sustainable luxury products. Specifically, this research investigates a fundamental decision luxury brands take in the context of sustainability: whether to design a completely new sustainable luxury product or to redesign an existing luxury product as sustainable. We refer to these two sustainability branding strategies as born and reborn, respectively. Three controlled experiments show that consumers respond to reborn sustainable luxury products less favorably than to born sustainable luxury ones. This effect is mediated by consumers’ perception of the brand sincerity and less relevant for nonluxury products.
The possible mechanisms of high-fructose diet-induced pancreatic disturbances

: Excess fructose consumption in the regular human diet causes several health problems. The main source of dietary fructose is sugar-sweetened beverages, which are especially consumed by children and teenagers. High-fructose intake is one of the major responsible factors of the increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes worldwide. The dietary high-fructose-induced metabolic syndrome was evidenced by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, fatty liver disease, central adiposity, and inflammation. Molecular findings indicated that there was a suppression of insulin signaling and activation of oxidative stress in different tissues including the liver, blood vessels, adipose tissue, and kidney in the excess intake of fructose. However, there is a limited mechanistic study on the pancreatic disturbances induced by dietary high-fructose. The hyperglycemic condition in the consumption of high-fructose may lead to morphologic and pathological changes to increase the capacity of insulin secretion in the pancreas. High-fructose can activate the mitogenic and apoptotic pathways, thus probably inducing hyperplasia in β -cells. The overactivation of β -cells can trigger oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress as well as inflammation in the pancreas. In conclusion, high-fructose consumption may cause pancreatic disturbance possibly through stimulation of cellular oxidative stress, inflammation, mitogenesis, and apoptosis. Pancreas is one of the first organs affected by metabolic abnormalities, therefore, elucidation of potential mechanisms underlying high-fructose diet-induced pancreatic pathologies would be valuable in the prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome as well as type 2 diabetes.
Crystal structure of the rhombohedral phase of PbZr1-xTixO3 ceramics at room temperature

PbZr(1-x)TixO(3) (PZT) ceramics made by mixed-oxide and sol-gel routes within the rhombohedral region of the phase diagram have been prepared, and their structures determined by Rietveld refinement using high-resolution time-of-flight neutron diffraction. Different structural models have been used but the best fits have been found using a mixture of rhombohedral R3c (C-3 nu(6)) and monoclinic Cm (C-s(3)) across the whole rhombohedral range with the proportion of monoclinic phase increasing continuously with composition x toward the morphotropic phase boundary. Some differences are found between the ceramics prepared by the two routes, especially with respect to the diffraction peak widths, suggesting that the precise structural arrangements in these materials depend on the method of preparation. The results show that PZT ceramics made in this region always consist of mixed phases and this accounts for the fact that no phase boundary has been discovered in the PZT phase diagram between the monoclinic and rhombohedral phases.
Predicting Gross Motor Function in Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy Applying Artificial Intelligence Using Data on Assistive Devices

Data obtained from routine clinical care find increasing use in a scientific context. Many routine databases, e.g., from health insurance providers, include records of medical devices and therapies, but not on motor function, such as the frequently used Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66) score for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). However, motor function is the most common outcome of therapeutic efforts. In order to increase the usability of available records, the aim of this study was to predict the GMFM-66 score from the medical devices used by a patient with CP. For this purpose, we developed the Medical Device Score Calculator (MDSC) based on the analysis of a population of 1581 children and adolescents with CP. Several machine learning algorithms were compared for predicting the GMFM-66 score. The random forest algorithm proved to be the most accurate with a concordance correlation coefficient (Lin) of 0.75 (0.71; 0.78) with a mean absolute error of 7.74 (7.15; 8.33) and a root mean square error of 10.1 (9.51; 10.8). Our findings suggest that the MDSC is appropriate for estimating the GMFM-66 score in sufficiently large patient groups for scientific purposes, such as comparison or efficacy of different therapies. The MDSC is not suitable for the individual assessment of a child or adolescent with CP.
Improvement in Power Transmission Efficiency of Wireless Power Transfer System Using Superconducting Intermediate Coil

We have demonstrated that using a high-quality-factor intermediate (IM) coil with a high temperature superconductor (HTS) wire improves the power transmission efficiency (PTE) of a wireless power transfer (WPT) system for long-distance power transmission. The IM coil is placed at the center of Cu transmitting (Tx) and receiving (Rx) coils and consists of a previously developed double-sided HTS coated conductor (CC) wire. A WPT system with the HTS IM coil was designed on the basis of the design theory for a third-order bandpass filter. The measured PTE of the system was compared with that of one with a Cu IM coil. The resonant frequencies of the Tx, Rx, and IM coils in both systems were each about 9 MHz. When the distance between the Tx and Rx coils was 160 cm, the PTEs of the systems were 49.7% and 17.5%, respectively, demonstrating that the PTE of a WPT system can be greatly improved by using an HTS IM coil rather than a Cu one.
Studies in Molecular Dynamics. II. Behavior of a Small Number of Elastic Spheres

The equation of state and the collision rate for systems ranging in size from four to 500 particles are described. The dependence of the results on the number of particles is qualitatively discussed and in this way insight is gained as to what is required of more accurate analytical theories. By comparing the results to various analytical theories now available their region of validity is established. The number of particles necessary at various densities to obtain a quantitative description of the equilibrium properties is delineated. Whether a first‐order phase transition exists for hard spheres remains open until larger systems are investigated.
Exploring the prosody of affective speech

This paper introduces a research project on voice quality and affect expression. It explores affective prosody by investigating the relationship between voice source parameter changes and perceived affect. Firstly, it aims to examine the relative contribution of voice source shifts occurring globally across an utterance and shifts that are aligned to the prosodic structure of the utterance. Secondly, it aims to formulate a simple model for affect expression that could, in principle, be applied to text-to-speech synthesis systems for Irish (Gaelic) dialects. The analytic methods to be used include voice source and intonation analysis of utterances produced to portray a range of emotions, and perception experiments with stimuli varying in terms of global vs. local, structured source manipulations.