Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Characterization of the Recombinant Human Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2b Kinase Domain Upon Interaction with Flavonoids

Background: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2b (FGFR2b) plays a crucial role in cell signaling pathway, regulating several key biological processes, including cellular diﬀerentiation and proliferation. Diﬀerent types of cancers, including breast cancer, have also been associated with various genetic alterations in the kinase domain of FGFR2b. Objectives: The present study was conducted to shed new light on a possible mechanism, by which ﬂavonoids alter FGF cell signaling. Methods: Recombinant pLEICS-01 expression vectors containing the gene encoding the FGFR2b kinase domain were transformed to E. coli BL21 (DE3). Expression of the recombinant protein was then induced with IPTG. Next, the protein was puriﬁed by aﬃnity chromatography. TherecombinantproteinfunctionalitywasassessedusingPAGE,byanalyzinginteractionsof theproteinwiththe wild type and the mutant SH2 domains of phospholipase C- γ (PLC- γ ). Finally, stability and structural changes of the kinase domain were studied upon interaction with gallic acid, naringenin, quercetin and catechin. Results: The PAGE analysis clearly demonstrated that the recombinant protein interacts only with the wild type SH2 domains of PLC- γ , suggesting the kinase domain is functional. The results also showed that presence of the ﬂavonoids cause a red-shift in the intrinsic ﬂuorescence emission spectra of the kinase domain, suggesting a change in the overall structure of the kinase domain. Furtherstructuralstudies,usingacomprehensivestepchemicaldenaturationanalysis,conspicuouslyshowedthatthepresenceof the ﬂavonoids signiﬁcantly changed the tertiary structure of the kinase domain. Conclusions: Thecomprehensivestructuralanalysesrevealedthattheﬂavonoidssigniﬁcantlyimpingeonthetertiarystructureof the kinase domain thereby suppressing ﬁbroblast growth factor signaling.
Chemically Synthesized Hierarchical Flower like ZnO Microstructures

Abstract In the present study, we have deposited hierarchical flower-like microstructured zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films directly on a glass substrate by using the simplistic aqueous chemical route for different concentrations of triethanolamine (TEA) which acted like a complexing agent. The as-synthesized ZnO thin films were subsequently annealed at 300 °C and are characterized with characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), photoluminescence (PL), and electrical resistivity. The hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure of as-synthesized ZnO thin films was confirmed by their XRD patterns and the well-resolved ZnO flowers-like morphology was revealed from the FESEM micrographs. From FESEM images it can be seen that the ZnO flower is composed of dozens of nanorods originating from the same core in a symmetric fashion with an average diameter of around 180-300 nm. The flower-like morphology was obtained at 0.3 M TEA concentration. Due to its hierarchical structure, the deposited ZnO thin films were employed for multiple applications such as gas sensing and anti-microbial activity. The ZnO thin films with micro-flowers like morphology showed the maximum gas sensor sensitivity ∼64.50 at 150 °C for 100 ppm of NO2 gas. Moreover, the bacteria were completely destroyed in the presence of as-deposited ZnO thin films.
Time-Resolved X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy in (Photo)Electrochemistry

This minireview aims at providing a complete survey concerning the use of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) for time-resolved studies of electrochemical and photoelectrochemical phenomena. We will see that time resolution can range from the femto-picosecond to the second (or more) scale and that this joins the valuable throughput typical of XAS, which allows for determining the oxidation state of the investigated element, together with its local structure. We will analyze four different techniques that use different approaches to exploit the in real time capabilities of XAS. These are quick-XAS, energy dispersive XAS, pump & probe XAS and fixed-energy X-ray absorption voltammetry. In the conclusions, we will analyze possible future perspectives for these techniques.
Evaluation of Two Commercial Microbial Inocula as Seed in a 5‐Day Biochemical Oxygen Demand Test

The use of two commercial microbial inocula (Bi–Chem and Biolen M112) as reference organisms for the 5‐day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) test was studied using both dilution and manometric methods with the standard glucose–glutamic acid solution. A comparative study was carried out performing this test for several real effluent samples with the two commercial inocula and with a treatment plant inoculum. The microbiological characterization of these inocula was performed with the API identification system (bioMérieux S.A., France). The results obtained for the BOD5 of the standard solution are within the range for activated sludge as found in the standards of the cited methods (mean values obtained were BOD5 = 199.4 mg/L O2 [variation coefficient, VC = 4.52%] and BOD5 = 176.8 mg/L O2 [VC = 4.66%] for the Bi–Chem inoculum and BOD5 = 209.8 mg/L O2 [VC = 7.35%] and BOD5 = 228.6 mg/L O2 [VC = 9.37%] for the Biolen M112 inoculum, with the dilution and manometric methods, respectively). Moreover, Pearson rank correlation analysis for the real effluent samples indicates that correlations between the BOD5 values for the two commercial inocula and for the treatment plant inoculum were highly significant to 95% confidence (r2 = 0.922 to 1.00, p < 0.05).
Pengoptimuman Sensor Resonans Plasmon Permukaan berdasarkan Kretschmann dengan Kaedah Taguchi

Dalam makalah ini, teknik reka bentuk uji kaji Taguchi telah digunakan untuk mengoptimumkan sensor SPR kromium (Cr)/perak (Ag)/indium timah oksida (ITO) untuk operasi berhampiran gelombang inframerah. Empat faktor yang dipilih termasuk panjang gelombang, ketebalan Cr, ketebalan Ag dan ketebalan ITO. Kaedah perbezaan-terhingga-domain-masa (FDTD) digunakan untuk analisis berangka prestasi parameter pantulan minimum (Rmin) dan penuh-lebar-pada-separuh-maksimum (FWHM). Keputusan kajian yang diperoleh daripada kaedah Taguchi menunjukkan bahawa parameter yang dioptimumkan untuk Rmin adalah panjang gelombang (785 nm), Cr (1 nm), Ag (40 nm) dan ITO (20 nm). Manakala parameter yang dioptimumkan untuk FWHM adalah panjang gelombang (785 nm), Cr (0 nm), Ag (40 nm) dan ITO (0 nm). Dengan ini parameter optimum untuk mencapai prestasi sensor yang diingini berjaya diramal menggunakan kaedah pengoptimuman Taguchi.
Processing keratin from camel hair and cashmere with ionic liquids

Keratin, a fibrous protein, that is available from a variety of animal sources as a constituent of hair, nails, horns, hoofs, wool and feathers, has applications in pharmaceutics, cosmetics and as a fertilizer. Like many naturally-derived biomaterials, the intrinsic biological activity and biocompatibility of keratin render this polymer a potential candidate for applications in medicine, and for the fabrication of scaffolds for tissue engineering. While several sources of keratin can be considered, the bioactivity of the keratins obtained can be quite different. In this study we discuss the processing and characterization of keratin from camel hair and goat cashmere. Specifically, the camel hair and cashmere were dissolved in an ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride), and the characteristics of the soluble and insoluble keratin were evaluated. The structure and properties of the raw material, soluble, and insoluble keratin were studied. Compared to the starting material, the soluble keratin showed chemical changes viz. decrease of cysteine, and minor structural changes. Preliminary in vitro biological properties performed by a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and scratch test showed good bioactivity in keratin from both sources. In particular, cell migration was observed to be faster when cells were cultured in the presence of soluble keratin extracted from camel hair and cashmere.
Development of a Non-enzymatic, Non-invasive Sensor for Detection of Lactate in Sweat

An athlete’s goal is to perform the best way possible and in many cases the level of lactate in blood is an indication of performance possibilities. Blood lactate measurement is conducted to obtain knowledge of the lactate threshold (LT) which is the intensity at which blood lactate starts to increase. Lactate can also be found in sweat and some studies have reported a correlation between lactate in sweat and blood, implying for the possible usage of sweat instead for these types of measurements. Using sweat result in non-invasive measurement, both suitable for the discomfort of the athlete tested and to not affect the training while testing. Most non-invasive sweat sensor are based on degrading of lactate with enzymes and detection with amperometric sensors. For endurance sport, such as marathon’s, an enzyme-based sensor can’t measure for the total performance time without losing effect. The aim of the thesis was to produce a sensory device for evaluating the lactate concentration in sweat. Molecular imprinted polymers (MIP) made of overoxidized polypyrrole (oPPy) using ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8) as an oxidative agent was successfully drop coated onto screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNP). By evaluating the peak current observed by cyclic voltammogram between -0.5 V to -1.5 V at a scan rate 0.05 V/s a decreasing peak could be observed at -1 V to -1.5 V with a higher lactate concentration. By data analysis both with modified and unmodified SPCE-AuNP, showed a linear relationship between lactate concentration and peak current. The electrodes were used to evaluate the lactate level in a real sweat sample. The unmodified electrodes overestimated the lactate level with approximately 10 percent while the modified underestimated by approximately 30 percent.
Taxi-Cruising Recommendation via Real-Time Information and Historical Trajectory Data

With the development of GPS technology, location-based information services are becoming more and more diverse. Using the trajectory data generated by GPS can analyze and study the various needs of taxi drivers. Big data technology such as interpreting, manipulating data and extracting nugget of information from data is crucial in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). In order to enhance cruising efficiency of drivers, this paper proposes a Taxi-cruising Recommendation strategy based on Real-time information and Historical Trajectory data (TR-RHT). Primarily, we construct a Passenger-Demand predict model based on Historical Hotspot (PDHH) to predict the passengers’ demand in hotspot area. Then, an Improved Decision Tree (IDT) predicting algorithm is proposed to construct spatio-temporal index to select suitable historical data. Furthermore, we introduce Hotspot Recommendation based on Historical Trajectory (HRHT), wherein it defines cruising event as the process of taxi searching for passengers. The HRHT model performs statistics and analysis on the different states of taxi operation, which can obtain the probability of catching passengers at each hotspot and calculate the travel time between hotspots. The model selects the statistics result of cruising efficiency and driving time between hotspots based on spatio-temporal index, then analyzes the selected result to provide optimal pick-up hotspots for drivers. Experiment results show that TR-RHT can precisely suggest a cruising path to reduce cruising time for drivers.
Warm dust surface chemistry

Context. Molecular hydrogen (H2) is the main constituent of the gas in the planet-forming disks that surround many pre-main-sequence stars. H2 can be incorporated in the atmosphere of the nascent giant planets in disks. Deuterium hydride (HD) has been detected in a few disks and can be considered the most reliable tracer of H2, provided that its abundance throughout the disks with respect to H2 is well understood. Aims. We wish to form H2 and HD efficiently for the varied conditions encountered in protoplanetary disks: the densities vary from 104 to 1016 cm−3; the dust temperatures range from 5 to 1500 K, the gas temperatures go from 5 to a few 1000 Kelvin, and the ultraviolet radiation field can be 107 stronger than the standard interstellar field. Methods. We implemented a comprehensive model of H2 and HD formation on cold and warm grain surfaces and via hydrogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the physico-chemical code PROtoplanetary DIsk MOdel. The H2 and HD formation on dust grains can proceed via the Langmuir-Hinshelwood and Eley-Ridel mechanisms for physisorbed or chemisorbed H (D) atoms. H2 and HD also form by H (D) abstraction from hydrogenated neutral and ionised PAHs and via gas phase reactions. Results. H2 and HD are formed efficiently on dust grain surfaces from 10 to ~700 K. All the deuterium is converted into HD in UV shielded regions as soon as H2 is formed by gas-phase D abstraction reactions. The detailed model compares well with standard analytical prescriptions for H2 (HD) formation. At low temperature, H2 is formed from the encounter of two physisorbed atoms. HD molecules form on the grain surfaces and in the gas-phase. At temperatures greater than 20 K, the encounter between a weakly bound H- (or D-) atom or a gas-phase H (D) atom and a chemisorbed atom is the most efficient H2 formation route. H2 formation through hydrogenated PAHs alone is efficient above 80 K. However, the contribution of hydrogenated PAHs to the overall H2 and HD formation is relatively low if chemisorption on silicate is taken into account and if a small hydrogen abstraction cross-section is used. The H2 and HD warm grain surface network is a first step in the construction of a network of high-temperature surface reactions.
Estimation of Diffusion Restrictions in Cardiomyocytes Using Kinetic Measurements. Difusioonitakistuste hindamine kardiomüotsüütides kasutades kineetilisi mõõtmisi

Cardiomyocytes have intracellular diffusion restrictions, which spatially compartmentalize ADP and ATP. However, the models that predict diffusion restrictions have used data sets generated in rat heart permeabilized fibers, where diffusion distances may be heterogeneous. This is avoided by using isolated, permeabilized cardiomyocytes. The aim of this work was to analyze the intracellular diffusion of ATP and ADP in rat permeabilized cardiomyocytes. To do this, we measured respiration rate, ATPase rate, and ADP concentration in the surrounding solution. The data were analyzed using mathematical models that reflect different levels of cell compartmentalization. In agreement with previous studies, we found significant diffusion restriction by the mitochondrial outer membrane and confirmed a functional coupling between mitochondria and a fraction of ATPases in the cell. In addition, our experimental data show that considerable activity of endogenous pyruvate kinase (PK) remains in the cardiomyocytes after permeabilization. A fraction of ATPases were inactive without ATP feedback by this endogenous PK. When analyzing the data, we were able to reproduce the measurements only with the mathematical models that include a tight coupling between the fraction of endogenous PK and ATPases. To our knowledge, this is the first time such a strong coupling of PK to ATPases has been demonstrated in permeabilized cardiomyocytes.
A Review Study of How and Why People Are Different

Over the last decades, various researches have been done to evaluate how and why people are different. People are eager to know why they are different. This is an important subject in daily life as these differences cause different attitude towards life, relationships and jobs. Hence, researchers are psychologist have done several tests to determine some criteria to study people based on them. However, some of these factors are more valid and reliable. This paper proposes a study of personality and intelligence as two main universal factors that cause differences in people. Some of the personality tests are discussed over time to specify their flaws and main factors in intelligence are studied alongside the brief study of the IQ test. Furthermore, some of the most effective and well-known aspects of self in relationships are studied to help people first understand themselves better and then, to have more intimate and efficient relationships with others including the loved ones, friends, co-workers. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to discuss how and why people are different from one another.
Influence of aging paths on the thermal runaway features of lithium-ion batteries in accelerating rate calorimetry tests

Aging is inevitable during the use of lithium-ion batteries. However, the influence of aging paths on the safety of the lithium-ion batteries remains unclear, leaving uncertainties about safe operation throughout their full life cycle. This paper studies the influence of aging paths on the thermal runaway features in lithium-ion batteries using ARC. Characteristic temperatures are defined to quantify the thermal stability of lithium-ion batteries. Two kinds of aging tests are designed, high-temperature storage and low-temperature cycling. The effects of aging on the change in the characteristic temperatures have been investigated, providing a quantified analysis of the evolution of battery safety performance during aging. The thermal stability of the cells after low-temperature cycling is worse than that of the fresh cells and less than that of the cells that are treated by high-temperature exposure. Although the capacity retention rates of the cells aged by high-temperature exposure and low-temperature cycling can be similar, their thermal stabilities are quite different. The consumption of active lithium at the anode surface to generate a new SEI layer will result in a better thermal stability in the cells that are treated by high-temperature exposure. However, if there is lithium deposition on the surface of the anode, the thermal stability of the lithium-ion battery will become worse. The quantitative discussions and conclusions of this paper can provide guidance on evaluating the safety throughout the full life cycle.
Trigona sp. Propolis Ethanolic Extract Decreased Chloramphenicol-induced Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase and Alkaline Phosphatase Levels of Rats (Rattus novergicus)

Liver has an important role in detoxification of toxins such as xenobiotic which could interfere the function of liver. Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic widely used,despite of its toxicity potentials. The enhancement of free radicals in the body could suppress antioxidant activity. Propolis of Trigona sp. has been known to contain very high amount of antioxidants. The enhanced serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in serum is used as marker of liver damage due to the increase of free radicals. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of Trigona sp. propolis ethanolic extract on SGOT and ALP levels in rats (Rattus novergicus) pretreated by chloramphenicol to induce liver damage. Test animals used for this research were male rats aged 8-12 weeks divided into five treatment groups: negative controlgroup (normal), positive control group (induced by 400 mg/kgBW chloramphenicol), first therapy group, second therapy group, third therapy group induced by chloramphenicol with and propolis extract with the dose of 8 mg, 16 mg, and 24 mg, respectively. Chloramphenicol was injected subcutaneously for 14 days, whereas propolis extract were administered orally for 21 days. The level of SGOT and ALP was determined using spectophotometry. The results showed that propolis extract could reduce levels of SGOT and ALP. Dose of 24 mg/kg was the effective dose to decrease levels of SGOT and ALP significantly (p<0.01). Hence, it may be concluded that the ethanol extract of propolis could be used as herbal therapy in rats model of liver damage.Keywords : ALP, liver, chloramphenicol, propolis, SGOT
EVIDÊNCIAS EMPÍRICAS SOBRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO NOS BRICS

Este artigo analisa o desempenho cientifico cientifico e busca inferir o grau de desenvolvimento dos sistemas de inovacao baseados em ciencia no Brasil, Russia, India e China (BRIC), a partir da analise de producao cientifica. Os procedimentos metodologicos envolvem a revisao de literatura sobre crescimento endogeno, sistemas de inovacao e a analise de indicadores de ciencia (publicacao cientifica). A parte empirica envolveu a coleta de informacoes sobre producao cientifica nos paises do BRIC , atraves do Global Research Report - Thomson Reuters . O estudo identifica a evolucao e maturidade dos sistemas de inovacao nos BRICs atraves dos indicadores cientificos e destaca a predominância pesquisas agrarias no Brasil e na India, o crescimento exponencial de pesquisas na China e o declinio cientifico russo.
A Dual Sensor Probe for the Sequential Detection of Copper(II) and Lactic Acid

Herein, we report a novel fluorescent probe for the sequential detection of Copper II (Cu2+) and lactic acid. The probe based on acyl-thiourea derivative, N-((6-methoxypyridin-2-yl)carbamothioyl)benzamide (1) was synthesized, and its application as dual sensor for Cu2+ and lactic acid is reported. The dual detection by the probe is possible since 1 formed complex with Cu2+ and yielded yellow solution which disappeared after the addition of lactic acid. The probe exhibits yellow fluorescence with Cu2+ and LOD of Cu2+ with fluorescence is as low as 0.1ppm. The fluorescence is quenched after the addition of lactic acid and LOD of fluorescence quenching by lactate is as low as 1 ppm. Further, structural modification in the probe 1 suggest crucial role of both pyridine and acyl-thiourea moiety in the binding of Cu2+. Interestingly, 1 also assembles to fluorescent fibers which show tunable emission properties. These fibers are broken in the presence of Cu2+ and regenerated in the presence of lactic acid. Hence, disaggregation at molecular level might play a crucial role in causing yellow fluorescence in the presence of Cu2+. To, the best of our knowledge, this is the first report wherein a dual sensor for Cu2+ and lactate ion is synthesized and it may in all possibilities pave the way for diagnosis of Cu2+ associated disorders like Wilson’s disease and in the detection of elevated lactate levels which are associated with wide range of pathologies like mitochondrial diseases, cerebral ischemia and cancer.
Effect of Ipomoea staphylina leaves on Streptozotocin- Nicotinamide Induced Type-II Diabetes in Wistar Rats

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of Ipomoea staphylina (IS) leaves in Streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide induced type-II diabetic in rats. Oral administration of ethanolic extract of IS leaves and its fractions at the doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg was studied in glucose-loaded and STZnicotinamide induced diabetic rats. The effects of extract and its fractions on blood glucose, body weight, lipid profile, plasma enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and ALP), serum urea, creatinine, total protein, liver glycogen, and activities of SOD, CAT and GPx in diabetic rats were analyzed. The IS extract and its fractions significantly reduced the blood glucose level in glucose-loaded rats. After treatment with IS extract and its fractions (100 and 200 mg/kg) for 21 days there was a significant decrease in blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, VLDL-C, plasma enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and ALP), serum urea, creatinine and significant increase in body weight and total protein levels was observed in treated diabetic rats. The activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GPx were also inceased in diabetic mice after the treatment with IS extract and its fractions. Histological analysis showed improvement in the cellular architecture of pancreas, liver and kidney.