Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Pathogenesis of Polycystic Pancreas: Reconstruction of Cystic Elements in One Case.

Polycystic disease of the pancreas has not been recognized at autopsy so frequently nor studied so widely as polycystic disease of the kidney. Although variation in the character and distribution of the lesions is great, "fibrocystic disease" of the pancreas, as it is often called in the pediatric literature, is a well recognized entity in infancy. Essentially the pancreatic ducts are characteristically distorted and segmented. Some of the segments are atrophic, others are dilated and cystic. Many of these cysts wnay be isolated. The main pancreatic duct may or may not be atretic. Much of the glandular tissue is atrophic or is replaced by proliferating fibrous tissue and scar tissue accompanied by varying amounts of acute and chronic inflammatory exudate. The amount of fibrous stroma is often greater than is the case in polycystic disease of other organs. Squamous metaplasia of the ducts of varying degrees is often observed. Although some of the ducts are dilated and cystic, the disease is rarely characterized by diffusely distributed and large cysts. For this reason, it has not always been clear to authors reporting such cases that the disease is similar to polycystic disease of other organs. Yet the frequent association of cystic fibrosis of the pancreas with polycystic disease of the kidney, liver, and lung indicates that the lesions are essentially identical in etiology if not in morphology. When the lesions are manifest in infancy, steatorrhea and malnutrition are often conspicuous symptoms, and are evidently the result of deficiency or absence of the external secretion of the pancreas. Since the disturbances of metabolism are usually profound and fatal, the early death of most of these children probably accounts for the rarity of extensive polycystic lesions of the pancreas in adults. The clinical importance of polycystic disease of the pancreas was reviewed by Andersen, '2 and additional reports more recently have been made by Rauch, Litvak, and Steiner,3 Oppenheimer,4 Robbin and Bernhard,5 Wolman,6 Daniel,7 Snelling and. Erb,8 Kennedy and Baggenstoss,9 and Menten and Middleton. '0 Although the etiology of the
A Distributed Broadcast Algorithm for Ad Hoc Networks

In mobile ad hoc networks, many unicast and multicast protocols depend on broadcast mechanism to finish control and route establishment functionality. In a straightforward broadcast by flooding, each node will retransmit a message to all it neighbors until the message has been propagated to the entire network. So it will become very inefficient and will be easy to result the broadcast storm problem. Thus an efficient broadcast algorithm should be used to less the broadcast storm caused by broadcast. Due to the dynamic nature of ad hoc networks, global information of the network is difficult to obtain, so the algorithm should be distributed. In this paper, an efficient distributed heuristic-based algorithm is presented. The algorithm is based on joint distance-counter threshold scheme. It runs in a distributed manner by each node in the network without needing any global information. Each node in an ad hoc network hears the message from its neighbors and decides whether to retransmit or not according to the signal strength and the number of the receiving messages. By using the JDCT algorithm, it’s easy to find the nodes that consist of the vertices of the hexagonal lattice to cover the whole networks. The algorithm is very simple and it is easy to operate and has a good performance in mobile wireless communication environments. A comparison among several existing algorithms is conducted. Simulation results show that the new algorithm is efficient and robust.
Protein import into peroxisomes and biogenesis of the organelle.

INTRODUCTION . 446 FUNCTIONS OF PEROXISOMES . ' 447 HUMAN PEROXISOMAL DISORDERS . 449 PEROXISOMES AS A MODEL FOR ORGANELLE ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY . 45 1 Peroxisome Import and Assembly Mutants . 451 PROTEIN IMPORT INTO PEROXISOMES . 454 Targeting of Matrix Proteins . 455 Conservation of the PTSI Tripeptide Variants . 457 An Amino-Terminal PTS . 458 Other Peroxisomal Matrix Targeting Signals . 459 Evolutionary Use of Diff erent PTSs by the Same Protein . 459 Targeting Signals for Peroxisomal Membrane Proteins . 460 Receptors for PTSs . 460 Peroxisomal Protein Import Deficiencies in Human Disease . 461 Mutations Responsible for Some Human Peroxisomal Disorders . 462 APPROACHES USED TO ELUCIDATE THE MECHANISM OF PROTEIN IMPORT INTO PEROXISOMES . 463 In Vitro Systems . 463 Microinjection . 463 Semi-intact Cells . 464 Mechanistic Aspects of Protein Import Into the Peroxisomal Matrix . 464 DISTINCT STEPS IN PEROXISOME BIOGENESIS . 465 GENERAL PROPERTIES OF PEROXISOME ASSEMBLY/IMPORT MUTANTS . 468 Mutants Affected in Peroxisome Proliferation . , 468 Mutants Affected in Peroxisome Growth . , . 468
Target detection performance of coherent MIMO radar using Space Time Adaptive Processing

Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar is advantageous for target detection, parameters identification, and target classification due to waveform diversity and perspective. By taking the benefit of spatial diversity, MIMO radar system performance can be dramatically enhanced. In this paper, Space Time Coding (STC) is used to improve the target detection capability of coherent MIMO radar. Probability of Detection (PoD) vs Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is analyzed with STC through simulations. Then a comparison is made to show the better performance with STC. On the other hand different types of unwanted signals can interrupt the main signal at the receiving end. In this paper Space Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) is also applied to remove interrupting signals (noise, clutter and jammer). STAP algorithm forces the radar to operate at only one domain at a time: space for beam forming, fast time for matched filtering and slow time for doppler processing. STAP uses adaptive arrays that simultaneously process spatial and temporal data. The objective of this paper is to analyze the PoD and reduce interrupting signals for improving the radar detection performance by using STAP.
Contrasts, populations, and “type III” tests

5 Linear models and populations 7 5.1 Case weights . 7 5.2 Categorical predictors and contrasts . 9 5.3 Different codings . 13 5.4 Sums of squares and projections . 16 5.5 What is SAS type 3? 17 5.6 Which estimate is best? 18
JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOCIETY OF AMERICA VOLUME 2 May , 1954 NUMBER 2 TRAFFIC DELAYS AT TOLL BOOTHS

The collection of vehicular tolls at Port Authority tunnels and bridges is one of the most important operations conducted by the police personnel. More than 250 traffic officers are utilized, and the payroll costs exceed a million dollars annually. In staffing its toll plazas the Port Authority attempts to handle traffic with a minimum number of toll collectors consistent with uniformly good service to the public and properly spaced relief periods for the toll collectors. This requires finding the level of traffic delays that gives the best compromise between the conflicting objectives of economy and service. In the past the number of toll collectors provided for operating a toll plaza was determined by judgment based on experience and a rule-of-thumb work standard which had not been related to service. Judgment was likewise used to allocate manpower and control the number of toll booths opened at any time. This method resulted in patron delays observed to vary from 2 to 50 sec. The tools of probability theory provide methods for dealing with the problem in quantitative terms. They enable determination of the relations between traffic volumes, number of toll booths, and grade of service. With this knowledge the optimum grade of service can be established in a logical manner and the number of toll booths required at any time of day can be specified in advance. Use of this method permitted savings in toll collection expenses and better service.
Bioethics: An Anthology

Eds, Helga Kuhse, Peter Singer Blackwell Publishers, £18.99, pp 600 ISBN 0 631 20311 7 Rating: ! [Graphic][1] ! [Graphic][2] ! [Graphic][3] Peter Singer was a keynote speaker at the last annual meeting of the American Society of Bioethics and Humanities in Philadelphia. For various reasons, I had chosen this moment in the programme to duck out of the conference. I was completely unprepared for what greeted me as I left the hotel—protesters, many confined to wheelchairs, chanting “Less debate, more hate. ” This, I discovered, was the disability activist group Not Dead Yet, which is incensed about Singer's stance that some people with disabilities are not “persons” and may be killed or allowed to die with impunity. It is rare … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Tunneling and dynamics in enzymatic hydride transfer.

1. Introduction 30951.1. Properties of Hydrogen and Protein Motion 30951.1. 1. Properties of Hydrogen 30951.1. 2. Protein Dynamics 30961.1. 3. Protein Motions Coupled to Catalysis 30971.1. 4. Reorganization and Preorganization 30971.1. 5. Adiabaticity and the Impact of Protein onTunneling30981.1. 6. Experimental Links of Protein Motion toCatalysis30982. Alcohol Dehydrogenases 30982.1. Yeast and Horse Liver AlcoholDehydrogenase30992.1. 1. Probes of Tunneling 30992.1. 2. Role of Valine 203 in HLADH 31002.1. 3. Low Temperature Behavior 31002.2. Prokaryotic Alcohol Dehydrogenases 31012.2. 1. High Temperature AlcoholDehydrogenase (ht-ADH)31022.2. 2. Comparison between the ht-ADH and aPsychrophilic Homologue (ps-ADH)31032.3. Toward an Integrative Model of Tunnelingand Dynamics in ADH31042.3. 1. Tunnel Correction Models 31042.3. 2. Full Tunneling Models 31053. Dihydrofolate Reductases 31073.1. Evidence of Motion 31073.1. 1. Substrate-Induced ConformationalChanges31083.1. 2. Crystal Structures of Intermediates (withAnalogues)31083.1. 3. NMR Studies of DHFR 31093.2. Impact of Mutations on Catalysis and ProteinMobility31093.3. Single Molecule Experiments 31103.4. Simulations 31103.5. Comparative Properties of Tunneling amongHomologous DHFRs.31113.5.1. Evidence of Tunneling in ec-DHFR 31113.5. 2. Studies of Hydrogen Transfer in DHFRfrom a Moderate Thermophile, B.Stearothermophilus(bs-DHFR), and theHyperthermophile T. Maritima(tm-DHFR)31123.5. 3. Psychrophilic DHFR (mp-DHFR) 31123.6. Computer Modeling of the TemperatureDependence of the Isotope Effect in DHFR31134. Glucose Oxidase 31134.1. Properties of the C−H Activation Step:Evidence for Tunneling and Its Relationshipto Protein Flexibility31134.2. Involvement of Nuclear Tunneling in theElectron Transfer Step of GO31144.3. Conformational Sampling in the Family ofAlcohol Oxidases31155. Concluding Remarks 31156. Acknowledgment 31177. References 3117
Urticaria Induced by Ingestion of Anemonia sulcata.

The anemone Anemonia sulcata is a species of anthozoan cnidarian belonging to the Actiniidae family. It is found in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, mainly near the province of Cadiz in the south of Spain, where it is commonly called “ortiguilla” [1]. It lives on rocks in areas of intense sunlight, up to a depth of 20 meters, and is harvested for human consumption. A sulcata is commercially available. This nettle-like anemone has toxic organelles called cnidocysts, which can inject venom with their microscopic harpoon-like structures and cause toxic reactions [2,3]. It is generally prepared by marinating in vinegar (with the nettles remaining attached) and then fried. The ability to sting disappears after this process. Toxic reactions have been reported after contact with A sulcata, although, to date, none have been documented after ingestion when it is prepared in this manner [3]. A sulcata is commercially available as a labeled product in our area. We report a case of a patient who experienced urticaria after ingestion of fried “ortiguillas”. We detected IgE-reactive proteins of 69, 55, 40, 37, and 35 kDa, thus potentially explaining the symptoms observed. The patient was a 47-year-old man, who was a cook by profession. He had a medical history of mild allergic rhinitis due to mite allergy. He was referred to our allergy department from the emergency room after presenting with hives on his torso, facial erythema, and pharyngeal pruritus. His urticaria occurred a few minutes after he had eaten an “ortiguilla” fried in olive oil. In the emergency room, the patient was treated with parenteral methylprednisolone and dexchlorpheniramine and recovered within 2 hours. No cofactors were identified in the episode. He has since tolerated fish and seafood. He reported having handled “ortiguillas” at work with gloves and never having experienced these symptoms. He had previously eaten “ortiguillas” with good tolerance. We performed prick-by-prick tests with raw and fried “ortiguilla”. The results were positive, with wheals measuring 14 mm and 10 mm, respectively. Skin tests with raw and fried “ortiguillas” were also carried out in 10 healthy controls, whose results were negative. The patient underwent skin prick tests (SPTs) for the most common aeroallergens in our area (mites, pollens, fungi, latex, Anisakis simplex, and dander from cat, dog, and horse) and Manuscript received December 12, 2017; accepted for publication February 16, 2018.
Treatment of Knee Osteochondral Fractures

Osteochondral lesions (OCLs) that are frequently encountered in skeletally immature and adult patients are more common than once thought, and their incidence rate is rising. These lesions can appear in many synovial joints of the body, such as the shoulder, elbow, hip, and ankle, occurring most often in the knee. The term osteochondral lesion includes a vast spectrum of pathologies such as osteochondritis dissecans, osteochondral defects, osteochondral fractures, and osteonecrosis of the subchondral bone. When considering this, the term osteochondral fracture is preserved only for an osteochondral defect that combines disruption of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. These fractures commonly occur after sports practice and are associated with acute lateral patellar dislocations. Many of these lesions are initially diagnosed by plain radiographs; however, a computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can add significant value to the diagnosis and treatment. Treatment methods may vary depending on the location and size of the fracture, fragment instability, and skeletal maturity. The paper reports a 14-year-old boy case with an osteochondral fracture due to sports trauma. The medical approach involved an arthrotomy of the knee, drainage of the hematoma, two Kirschner wires (K-wires) for temporary fixation to restructure anatomic alignment, and a titanium Herbert screw fixing the fracture permanently. The patient had a favorable postoperative outcome with no residual pain, adequate knee stability, and a normal range of motion. The mobility of the knee was fully recovered.
Reduction of Switching Transients in Constant Current (CC)/Constant Voltage (CV) Mode of Electric Vehicles Battery Charging

iii List of Tables vii List of Figures viii List of Symbols . x List of Abbreviations . xii
Hostile energetic particle radiation environments in earth's outer magnetosphere

Many spacecraft operational problems in Earth's outer magnetosphere appear to be due to intense, transient radiation phenomena. Three types of naturally-occurring, and highly variable, hostile particle radiation environments are encountered at, or near, the geostationary orbit: (1) High-energy protons due to solar flares; (2) Energetic ions and electrons produced by magnetospheric substorms; and (3) very high energy electrons of uncertain origin. Present particle sensor systems provide energetic particle detection and assessment capabilities during these kinds of high-energy radiation events. In this paper, particular emphasis is given to highly relativistic electrons (3 approx. 10 MeV). Electron fluxes and energy spectra are shown which were measured by two high-energy electron sensor systems at 6.6 R/sub E/ from 1979 through 1984. Large, persistent increases in this population were found to be relatively infrequent and sporadic in 1979-81 around solar maximum. During the approach to solar minimum (1981 to present) it is observed that the highly relativistic electrons occur with a regular 27-day periodicity, and are well associated with the re-established solar wind stream structures. Through a superposed epoch analysis technique we show that an energetic electron enhancement typically rises on a 2- to 3-day time scale and decays on 3- to 4-day time more » scale at essentially all energies above approx.3 MeV. The present analysis suggests that the Jovian magnetosphere is a recurrent source of this significant electron population in the outer terrestrial magnetosphere and that these electrons have a very deleterious influence on spacecraft systems due to deep dielectric charging and low-dose susceptibility effects. 13 refs., 11 figs. « less
Nonlocal properties of nonuniform averaged flows in heterogeneous media

The properties of nonuniform average potential flows in media of stationary random conductivity are studied. The mathematical model of average flow is derived as a system of governing equations to be satisfied by mean velocity and mean head. The averaged Darcy's law determines the effective conductivity as an integral operator of the convolution type, relating the mean velocity to the mean head gradient in a nonlocal way. In Fourier domain the mean velocity is proportional to the mean head gradient. The coefficient of proportionality is referred to as the effective conductivity tensor and is derived by perturbation methods in terms of functionals of the conductivity spatial moments. It is shown that the effective conductivity cannot be defined uniquely for potential flows. However, this nonuniqueness does not affect the spatial distribution of the mean head and velocity. Analytical expressions of the effective conductivity tensor are derived for two- and three-dimensional flows and for exponential and Gaussian correlations of isotropic conductivity. The fundamental solution of the governing equations in effective media (mean Green function) is calculated for the same cases. Two new asymptotic models of the averaged Darcy's law are developed to be applicable to large and small scales of heterogeneity. Several asymptotic expansions of tue two-dimensional and three-dimensional mean Green functions are derived for exponential and Gaussian correlations.
Ethical climate and service behaviours in nurses: The moderating role of employment type.

AIM To explore the relationship between ethical climate (EC) and nurses' service behaviours (SB) and examine the moderating effect of nurses' employment type. BACKGROUND As most public hospitals in China implement the "dual-track system" of nurses' employment, the two different types of nurses, contract-employed nurses and state-employed nurses, receive the different pay for the same work, which results in they providing different SB. It has become critical for hospital administrators and nursing managers to understand better the state of two groups of nurses and to find an effective method to improve the service level of the nursing workforce. DESIGN Stepwise multiple regression analyses of survey data collected in June and July 2017 from Chinese nurses employed in three tertiary hospitals. METHODS Chinese nurses (298 of 350 [85.1%]) were interviewed using the Ethical Climate Scale and Nurses' Service Behaviour Scale. Data were analysed statistically using descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation coefficients (Pearson), two-tailed t-test and stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. Data were analysed using SPSS and AMOS. RESULTS There were statistically significant correlations between EC and nurses' extra-role service behaviour (ERSB) and overall service behaviour and nurses' employment type moderated the proposed relationships. CONCLUSION Healthcare institutions should pay more attention to cultivate EC and implement new incentive mechanism to better stimulate nurses to provide ERSB.
The Impact of TCR Signal Strength on Resident Memory T Cell Formation during Influenza Virus Infection

Key Points Low affinity–stimulated CD8+ T cells have an advantage in forming TRM. High and low affinity–stimulated TRM have distinct transcriptomes. TRM longevity is not impacted by strength of TCR stimulation. Resident memory T cells (TRM) in the lung are vital for heterologous protection against influenza A virus (IAV). Environmental factors are necessary to establish lung TRM; however, the role of T cell–intrinsic factors like TCR signal strength have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the impact of TCR signal strength on the generation and maintenance of lung TRM after IAV infection. We inserted high- and low-affinity OT-I epitopes into IAV and infected mice after transfer of OT-I T cells. We uncovered a bias in TRM formation in the lung elicited by lower affinity TCR stimulation. TCR affinity did not impact the overall phenotype or long-term maintenance of lung TRM. Overall, these findings demonstrate that TRM formation is negatively correlated with increased TCR signal strength. Lower affinity cells may have an advantage in forming TRM to ensure diversity in the Ag-specific repertoire in tissues.
A Multi-View–Based Collective Entity Linking Method

Facing lots of name mentions appearing on the web, entity linking is essential for many information processing applications. To improve linking accuracy, the relations between entities are usually considered in the linking process. This kind of method is called collective entity linking and can obtain high-quality results. There are two kinds of information helpful to reveal the relations between entities, i.e., contextual information and structural information of entities. Most traditional collective entity linking methods consider them separately. In fact, these two kinds of information represent entities from specific and diverse views and can enhance each other, respectively. Besides, if we look into each view closely, it can be separated into sub-views that are more meaningful. For this reason, this article proposes a multi-view–based collective entity linking algorithm, which combines several views of entities into an objective function for entity linking. The importance of each view can be valued and the linking results can be obtained along with resolving this objective function. Experimental results demonstrate that our linking algorithm can acquire higher accuracy than many state-of-the-art entity linking methods. Besides, since we simplify the entity's structure and change the entity linking to a sub-matrix searching problem, our algorithm also obtains high efficiency.