Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Efficiency of Cervical Pap and Comparison of Conventional Pap Smear and Liquid-Based Cytology: A Review

Cervical cancer is one of the leading health burdens globally with a huge incidence in developing countries like India. Cervical cancer has an extended premalignant stage known as cervical dysplasia or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). CIN can be grade 1, 2, or 3 depending on its severity. One of the most effective methods of cervical cancer screening and prevention is detecting these premalignant lesions by cervical cytology. Pioneered by Dr. George Nicholas Papanicolaou, the Papanicolaou (Pap) stain became an important advent for the microscopic evaluation of the exfoliated cervical cells. Over the years, this method of conventional Pap smear became more practiced and yielded excellent results, so much so that the incidence of cervical cancer actually started to decline in developed countries. However, few drawbacks started to become evident with conventional Pap smears like unsatisfactory samples due to obscuring materials, false negative results due to sampling error, and low sensitivity. To overcome these drawbacks of conventional Pap smear, liquid-based cytology (LBC) was introduced in 1996. Thereafter, many investigations and studies have been conducted by many authors to compare the efficacy of conventional Pap smear and LBC. This review puts forward the facts and results of various studies pertaining to efficacy of cervical cytology, comparing conventional Pap smear and LBC, and highlighting the pros and cons of each method based on various studies. For this review, relevant articles under the headings “Conventional PAP smear”, “Cervical cancer screening”, “Liquid-based cytology” and “Comparison” have been searched in PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar. About 100 articles were studied, and all the facts have been highlighted. While many studies did support LBC over conventional Pap smear for screening of cervical abnormalities, some studies did not find any major difference between the two and preferred the practice of conventional Pap smear in our Indian scenario considering the low-resource setting and low price. This research highlights the various facts of the two types of cervical Pap smear and their comparison.
Research progress of acupuncture analgesia based on autonomic nerve regulation pathway

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) includes the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems, and its senior regulatory center includes the brainstem, cingulate gyrus, and hypothalamus. Acupuncture can affect visceral, vascular, and glandular functions via the autonomic nervous regulatory pathway. In this paper, the relationship between pain and autonomic nervous function, the application of acupuncture guided by the autonomic nervous system, and the basis and clinical research on acupuncture analgesia are reviewed.
ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL DISTRESS IN BROADCASTING SUB-SECTOR COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE

Financial distress, also known as financial difficulties, refers to a situation in which a company experiences unhealthy financial conditions or a crisis. It typically starts with increasing liquidity pressure and continues with a decrease in the value of company assets, ultimately leading to bankruptcy. Bankruptcy poses a significant risk for companies; however, this risk can be minimized or prevented through the use of bankruptcy detection models or tools. The purpose of this study was to assess the financial distress of companies in the Broadcasting Sub-Sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2017-2021. The Springate, Zmijewski, and Grover models were employed for this analysis. The study's population comprised companies in the Broadcasting Sub-Sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the specified period, amounting to 5 companies. A research sample of 4 companies was selected using a purposive sampling technique. The findings indicate that according to the Springate model, two companies, namely PT. MDIA Tbk with a rate of 80% and PT. VIVA Tbk with a level of 100%, were in a state of financial distress. The Zmijewski model identified PT VIVA Tbk as the only company in financial distress with a level of 80%. Additionally, based on the Grover model, PT. VIVA Tbk exhibited a financial distress level of 40%.
A Survey of Fish Assemblages in Eelgrass and Kelp Habitats of Southeastern Alaska

For most federally managed fish species in Alaska, basic information on distribution and use of nearshore marine habitats is lacking, especially for early life stages. To gain a better understanding on the use and importance of nearshore habitats as essential fish habitat (EFH), we compared fish assemblages between two distinct habitat types (eelgrass, Zostera marina, and kelp, mostly Laminaria saccharina) at 30 sites in southeastern Alaska from 1998 to 2000. Sites were selected in four regions to cover a geographical gradient from north to south and from inside to outside waters. Fish were collected by beach seine from June through August each year. A total of 102 seine hauls yielded more than 51,000 fish comprising 54 species; 23 of the species that we captured are included in a salmon or groundfish fishery management plan in Alaska. Species richness was greater in eelgrass than in kelp, whereas the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (HN) was similar between habitat types. Abundance of fish varied considerably between habitat types and among regions, often because of the patchy distribution of some species. Distribution patterns were evident for some species by differences in catch among regions. Eelgrass and kelp support high biodiversity and are important habitats for juveniles of many commercially important or forage fish species. Knowledge of fish assemblages and their use of intertidal and shallow, subtidal vegetation will help managers identify EFH. Once iv identified, managers can then make recommendations to protect or minimize impacts to EFH from human disturbance.
Bird surveys of the Timor Caves area 2005-2006

During 2005-2006, Hunter Bird Observers Club collaborated with the Newcastle and Hunter Valley Speleological Society in a study of the Timor Caves and surrounding area. The Timor Caves are situated towards the north-west corner of the Hunter Region, some 30km north of the locality of Timor. 107 species were recorded in a series of surveys over 10 months including breeding evidence for 33 species. The presence of some NSW Threatened Species, and the absence of some other Threatened Species that might reasonably have been expected to have been recorded, is discussed.
Correction to “Reconstructing the exhumation history of the Lesser Himalaya, NW India, from a multitechnique provenance study of the foreland basin Siwalik Group”

[1] In the paper “Reconstructing the exhumation history of the Lesser Himalaya, NW India, from a multitechnique provenance study of the foreland basin Siwalik Group” by Y. Najman et al. (Tectonics, 28, TC5018, doi:10.1029/ 2009TC002506, 2009), Figure 6a incorrectly plots some of the Sm‐Nd data given Table S1 in the auxiliary material. Correct replotting of the data for the conglomerate clasts (see Figure 1) shows one sample (JW‐03‐1A clast 4, a quartz rich sandstone clast of depositional age 10.6 Ma) with an "Nd(0) value of −21.7. This suggests input of nonmetamorphosed Inner Lesser Himalaya (ILH) in the detrital record by ∼11 Ma, rather than by ∼9 Ma as previously stated. This is in good agreement with the petrographic data of the paper, which may suggest ILH input from 10.6 Ma as indicated by the dominance of dolomite over limestone lithic fragments at this time. As we stressed, still earlier exhumation of the ILH may well have occurred and may lie undetected in the detrital record by the techniques we employed.
Dental morphology and variation across holocene Khoesan people of Southern Africa

In: M. Shear, editor. South African Division of the International Association for Dental Research Abstracts of Papers Presented at the First Annual Scientific Congress. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. p 949. Jacobson, A. 1982. The dentition of the South African Negro: a morphological and metrical study of the teeth, the jaws, and the bony palate of several large groups of South African Bantu-speaking Negroes. Anniston: AL: Higginbotham.
Pimp my language! The influence of robot customization duration on psychological ownership and trust

Involving users in the design of novel technologies, for instance, by adapting them to personal preferences, can improve attitudes and trust towards them. Research on the customization of robot functionalities is still scarce, with existing work predominantly focusing on the impact of perceived, rather than actual user involvement in the design process. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the effects of customization depend on merely choosing options, or on actively implementing these options. Thus, in the present online experiment, we investigated whether actual time invested in choosing options (i.e., words that a robot would learn) and implementing them (i.e., defining the words to a robot in the individual’s own terms) influenced psychological ownership and trust towards the robot. Contrary to our hypotheses, time invested in choosing options slightly decreased perceived control and psychological ownership over the robot. This might be due to task difficulty, which hints at the role of perceived self-efficacy as a determinant of psychological ownership. No effect of time spent in implementing the chosen words by defining them has been found.
What Size Window for Image Classification? A Cognitive Perspective

Windows are commonly used in digital image classification studies to define the local information content around a single pixel using a per-pixel classifier. Other studies use windows for characterizing the information content of a region, or group of pixels, in an area-based classifier. Research on identifying window size and shape properties, such as minimum, maximum, or optimum size of a window, is almost exclusively based on the results from automated classifications. Under the notably different hypothesis about optimum sizes of windows in automated classifications and approaches for determining such optimum window size, this article presents a cognitive approach for evaluating the functional relationship between window size and classification accuracy. Using human subjects, a randomized experimental design, and a continuum of window sizes, portions of digital aerial photographs were classified into urban land-use classes. Unlike ihe-findings from purely automated approaches, classification accuracv from visual analvsis increased in a monotonic form with &;easing window &ze for the urban land-use classes investigated. A minimum window size of 40 by 40 pixels (60-m by 60-m ground areal was required for classifying Level II urban land use using 1.5-m by 1.5-m resolution data (2 75 percent accuracy). This finding is dramatically different from the "ideal" window size range (i.e., 3 by 3 to 9 by 9) and functional relation between window size and classification accuracy found in automated per-pixel classifications. A theoretical curve depicting the relationship between classification accuracy and window size, spatial resolution, and classification specificity is presented.
Experimental warming and fire alter fluxes of soil nutrients in sub-alpine open heathland

Climatic changes in the Australian Alps are likely to raise mean ambient temperatures, decrease precipitation and increase the frequency of fires, which together are likely to affect soil nutrients. Changes in the availability of soil nutrients are in turn expected to influence plant growth and community composition. In alpine soils of the southern hemisphere, it is unknown how the interaction between warming and fire will affect nutrient availability and to what extent changes will resemble global trends. We used open-top chambers and ion-exchange membranes to examine the effects of warming and fire on the cumulative flux of available nutrients and toxic elements in soil of a sub-alpine heathland during the final 2 yr of a 9 yr passive warming and post-fire experiment at sites on the Bogong High Plains, Victoria, Australia. Compared to unwarmed plots, experimental warming increased NH4, H2PO4, Na+ and K+, and decreased Mg2+, Ca2+, Al3+ and soil moisture. Increased N and P are consistent with changes in alpine soils of the northern hemisphere, but the effect of warming on other elements has not been reported. A consistent decrease in Al3+ availability with warming has implications for carbon turnover and invasion by exotic species. Fire increased Al3+ availability and decreased Mn2+ availability, indicating a change in potentially toxic elements in burnt areas. Warming and drying changed the availability of all measured nutrients and resembled trends in the northern hemisphere, indicating that changes in the alpine and sub-alpine ecosystems of the Australian Alps, and globally, are probably inevitable.
Motion estimation and popout detection from energy neuron populations

xviii Chapter 1. Introduction. 3 1.1. Thesis Contributions . 5 1.2. Thesis Organization . 7 1.3. List of Publications . 11 Chapter 2. Motion Processing in Visual Cortex. 13 2.1. Cortical Motion Processing . 15 2.1.1. Anatomical Organization of Visual System . 15 2.1.2. Smooth Pursuit and Saccade . 19
Comparative evaluation of variations in torque expression in maxillary incisor and canine using different bracket prescriptions placed at different crown levels by finite element (FE) method: An in-vitro analysis

OBJECTIVE: While using preadjusted brackets, the position of the bracket on the crown is one of the deciding factors that determine the tooth's final tip, torque, height, and rotation. The final tooth position is not optimal if the bracket is placed incorrectly or if the varying crown morphology does not correspond with the bracket design. The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the variations in torque expression in maxillary incisor and canine using different bracket prescriptions placed at different crown levels by finite element method. METHODS: For the present study, three-dimensional models of maxillary right central incisor and canine were made using CREO version 4.0 software. CREO is a powerful three-dimensional (3-D) computer-based, computer-aided design (CAD) software developed by Parametric Technology Corporation (PTC) to aid in design processes. Simulation was done to replicate the clinical situation of an active palatal root torque acting on the incisor and canine. The induced palatal movement of root tips and labial movement of crowns tips, overall stress, and von Mises stress generated in the brackets and the total equivalent strains developed in the periodontal ligament (PDL) were calculated, while the values obtained were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: Based on the findings of the present study, the average maximum stress produced in the bracket was calculated as 265.069 Mpa in incisor and 166.742 Mpa in the canine. Likewise, the average of the maximum displacement of root apex observed in the present study was calculated as 0.01401 mm in the incisor and 0.00421 mm in the canine, while the average strain developed in the PDL was calculated as 0.0587 for incisor and 0.0498 for the canine. Furthermore, it was, also, observed that the magnitude of strain developed in the PDL increased with increase in the stress produced by the bracket prescription for both incisor and canine. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of the present study, it was concluded that the magnitude of displacement of root apex was significantly influenced by bracket prescription and bracket position. Also, the stress developed in the bracket was influenced by bracket prescription and position, while the variation in crown morphology in the incisor and canine played a significant role in the eventual strain developed in the PDL after torque application.
The Treynor Ratio as a Risk-adjusted Return of Croatian Listed Firms

Motivated by the importance of determinants of firm performance, especially in terms of risk-adjusted performance that considers underlying risks, this paper explores the effects of firm-specific determinants on risk-adjusted returns such as the Treynor ratio. Specifically, the authors explore whether firm size, capital expenditures, capital intensity, equity ratio, leverage, profitability, listing age, and liquidity affect the performance of Croatian non-financial listed companies that form the CROBEXplus equity index in the period 2014 – 2021. Utilizing dynamic panel analysis, several key deterministic factors of risk-adjusted performance are identified including firm size, capital intensity, equity ratio, leverage, profitability, and listing age. In other words, larger firms tend to experience greater risk adjusted returns than their smaller counterparts as well as firms with higher equity ratios, i.e. those not overly indebted. Results also show that capital intensity, which is viewed as a source of entry barrier, is positively related to risk adjusted-performance which is also true for profitability. Furthermore, companies that have a longer presence in the market in terms of being listed on the stock exchange document enhanced risk-adjusted returns. These findings have significant policy and practical implications.
Tax Avoidance: The Role of Managerial Ability and CEO Overconfidence

AbstractPurpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of CEO managerial ability and overconfidence on tax avoidance.Design/methodology/approach – The study was conducted on 120 annual reports of mining sector companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2017-2021. Multiple regression was used to test the hypotheses. Tax avoidance was measured by CETR. Managerial ability was measured by firm efficiency and CEO overconfidence is measured by five proxies related to company-specific scores.Findings – This study shows that managerial ability has negative significant effect on tax avoidance. The results reveal that CEO overconfidence has no significant effect on tax avoidance. Managers with high managerial ability will not only increase profits in the short term, but also consider the company's survival in the long term, so; they will reduce tax avoidance activities. Meanwhile, CEO's overconfidence cannot influence the tax management that has been determined by the company.Originality/value– This study attempts to fill the gap in the literature about the influence of management attributes on company decision making in tax avoidance activities. This study indicates that the tax avoidance decision in the company cannot be explained by the executive's psychological characteristics only.Research limitations/Implications – This research is limited to how tax avoidance is influenced by managerial ability and overconfidence in decision making with characteristics related to psychological and internal factors. Future research can add other factors such that can influence decision making in conducting tax avoidance, such as rewards, experience, performance measures and other factors. This study has implications in decision making for policymakers in relation to designing future tax systems to reduce the possibility of companies engaging in tax avoidance practices. Companies are also required to be more transparent in disclosing their performance in generating income to avoid tax avoidance activities.Keywords: Managerial ability, overconfidence, tax avoidance.Article Type: Research Paper.
Factors Influencing The Growth Of Youth Owned Micro And Small Entreprises In Tigania West Division, Meru County, Kenya

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fa ctors that influenced the growth of youth owned micro and small enterprises in Tigania West Division of Meru CountyKenya. The study was guided by five research object iv s. Research objective one sought to determine the influence of business environment on growth of youth owned micro and small enterprises. Research objective two sought to assess the influence of business characteristics on the growth of youth owned micro and small enterprises. Research objective three sought to assess the influence of s ocial networks on the growth of youth owned micro and small enterprises. Research objecti ve four established the relationship between demographic characteristics on the growth o f youth owned micro and small enterprises while objective five sought to determin e how accesses to financial resources affect the growth of youth owned micro and small en terprises. The study employed descriptive design and targeted 163 youth entrepren urs aged between 18-35 years from Tigania West Division of Meru County. Findings reve aled that there was a significant relationship between age and growth of youth owned micro and small enterprises. There was a significant relationship between the gender o f the youth and growth of youth owned micro and small enterprises. There was a sign ifica t relationship between highest level of formal education and growth of youth owned micro and small enterprises. Young entrepreneurs should be provided with educati on on how to be effective in their business; the government should reduce taxation and provide youth entrepreneurs with starting business fund. There is need to cultivate in the youth positive attitude towards self employment enable them understand that formal e ployment is not the only way of self development. The study also recommended that t he education curriculum should assess the need of including entrepreneurship subje cts so that the youth can be prepared to take up entrepreneurship and there is need to em power the youth in identifying their abilities in the entrepreneurship. The study sugges ted that an analysis on the factor that influences implementation of youth development poli cy among young entrepreneurs and a study on the effects of formal training on the ef fectiveness of youth entrepreneurship to be carried out for further studies.
Correlation between Biogenic Amines and Their Precursors in Stored Chicken Meat

Biogenic amines (BAs) are biologically active substances found in the cells of microorganisms, plants, and animals. These BAs serve many vital functions in the body. However, an excessive amount can be toxic, especially for individuals taking monoamine oxidase (MAO) and diamine oxidase (DAO) inhibitors. They primarily form in products rich in amino acids, the primary substrates for BA formation. The aim of this study was to determine the formation of BAs and their precursor amino acids in chicken breast and leg muscles stored under chilling conditions. Analyses of BA and AA determinations were conducted on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 of muscle storage. There was a noted increase in BAs with the storage of both muscle types (p < 0.05). Distinct levels of BAs were detected (p < 0.05) in the muscles, except for putrescine (p > 0.05). Interactions emerged between the two factors for various Bas, including histamine (p = 0.001), tyramine (p < 0.001), BAI index (p < 0.001), tryptamine (p < 0.001), agmatine (p = 0.001), spermidine (p < 0.001), TOTAL BA-1 (p < 0.001), and TOTAL BA-2 (p = 0.016). There was no evident interaction between the type of meat and storage time concerning amino acid content (p > 0.05). Correlations in breast muscles were observed for biogenic amine–amino acid pairs such as putrescine–ornithine (r = −0.57) (p < 0.05), spermidine–ornithine (r = −0.73) (p < 0.05), and phenylethylamine–phenylethylalanine (r = −0.50) (p < 0.05). In leg muscles, significant correlations were found for histamine–histidine (r = −0.87) (p < 0.05), putrescine–ornithine (r = −0.96) (p < 0.05), and phenylethylamine–phenylethylalanine (r = −0.65) (p < 0.05). The results obtained can be used in the future to estimate the levels of BAs with knowledge of the levels of individual amino acids and inversely.