Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discussion on Action Strategies of China’s Carbon Peak and Discussion on Action Strategies of China’s Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Carbon Neutrality

Abstract China's carbon peak and carbon neutrality action is a huge system engineering with national coverage, country-led and universal participation, long-term sustainable implementation, requiring definite, tenacious, and adaptable action strategies. Here, based on summarizing the current situations of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality", the action strategies, technological approaches, and scientific and technological supports are discussed to achieve the "dual carbon" targets in China. It is suggested that China's "dual carbon" action should insist on "one basic concept", achieve "two macroscopic targets", implement the "three-pronged comprehensive", and "four-way simultaneous" technological paths, and practice the macro layout of "five coordination" in the national land space control and the coordinated industrial development. It is required to strengthen scientific research on climate change and earth system carbon cycle and technological revolution for decarbonization and low-carbon industry. In the field of global change and ecological economics for national "dual carbon" action, more attention should be paid to key scientific issues. There are the construction of the multi-factors, multi-processes, multi-interfaces, and multi-scales collaborative monitoring system for carbon cycle process, carbon storage and flux in Earth system, and the systematic cognition and precise assessment of the carbon sink function and its potential of Chinese regional ecosystems. For the moment, it is urgent to build and complete the scientific and technological supporting system in seven aspects:scientific basis, observation and simulation, energy
Study on the Train Plan of the Cross-line Operation in the Urban Rail Transit Considering the Multi-composition Train

—The cross-line operation can promote urban rail transit network operation and realize resource sharing. In this regard, the operation mode of running cross-line trains with different compositions on two rail transit lines is proposed. And based on the analysis of passenger travel behavior, the passenger flow allocation model of cross-line operation is proposed. Considering constraints such as the passing capacity of transfer stations and the full load rate of trains, a multi-objective planning model is established with the operating frequencies of different types of trains and the location of the turnaround station as decision variables. The optimization objective is to minimize passenger travel cost and operating costs. Based on the proposed model, an improved quantum genetic algorithm(IQGA) is designed to solve the model, and the Pareto solution of the train plan is solved. Finally, the rationality of the model and algorithm is verified through a case study. The analysis shows that the operation of cross-line trains can make 44.5% of the cross-line passenger flows reach the destination station directly without transferring. And the cross-line routing shares the passenger flows in a balanced way so that the full load rates of each routing are balanced and the passengers travel more comfortably. The average passenger travel cost gradually increases with the increase of the transfer time perception factor. In addition ， the setting of the vehicle capacity has a significant influence on the train plan. When making the train plan, the vehicle capacity should be set scientifically and reasonably.
Tiger Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) of Compostela Valley Province, Mindanao Island, Philippines

The first faunistic record of tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) in Compostela Valley Province, Mindanao with notes on their habitat is presented. Opportunistic sampling, standard light trapping and photo documentation were conducted in selected areas from January to April 2013 and in September 2015. One hundred four tiger beetles belonging to twelve species and seven genera were recorded. An astonishing (100%) endemicity was observed identified to subspecies level. Thopeutica and Calomera species , specifically Thopeutica anichtchenkoi Wiesner, 2015 and Calomera mindaoensis Cassola, 2000 were observed to be abundant in the samples mostly found in the mountainous and forested open riparian ecosystem of Cagan, New Bataan. Cylindera (Ifasina) discreta elaphroides (Dokhtouroff 1882) was the most common species and was found in different habitat types, but the majority of the species showed a narrow and specialized habitat preference. Protection and conservation of remaining forest areas in Cagan is especially important in preserving endemic species.
The PASCAL visual object classes challenge 2006 (VOC2006) results

This report presents the results of the 2006 PASCAL Visual Object Classes Challenge (VOC2006). Details of the challenge, data, and evaluation are presented. Participants in the challenge submitted descriptions of their methods, and these have been included verbatim. This document should be considered preliminary, and subject to change.
Emotype: A Approach To Predictive Texting With A Emotional Sensitivity

Sentiment analysis serves as a powerful tool to decipher not just opinions but also the underlying emotions and attitudes people harbor towards diverse entities, ranging from individuals and activities to organizations, services, subjects, and products. In this landscape, emotion detection stands out as a specialized facet of sentiment analysis, focusing on pinpointing specific emotions rather than merely categorizing sentiments into positive, negative, or neutral realms. While prior research has made strides in emotion recognition through speech and facial expressions, detecting emotions in text presents a unique challenge due to the absence of tangible cues like tonal stress, facial expressions, and pitch.Various methods, rooted in natural language processing (NLP) techniques, have been explored for text-based emotion identification, including the keyword approach, lexicon-based approach, and machine learning approach. However, limitations persisted, particularly in the keyword-and lexicon-based methods, which often centered on semantic relations. In response to these challenges, our article introduces a humane approach, a hybrid model that seamlessly integrates both machine learning and deep learning techniques. Leveraging the capabilities of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (Bi-GRU) as deep learning tools, and employing Support Vector Machine as a machine learning approach, our proposed model transcends the limitations of traditional methods.By evaluating the performance across diverse datasets, encompassing sentences, tweets, and dialogs, our hybrid model achieves an impressive accuracy of 82.11%. This underscores the potential of our approach to capture the nuanced spectrum of human emotions embedded in text. Moving forward, the integration of both machine learning and deep learning not only enhances accuracy but also aligns with the complexity and richness of human emotional expression in
Perturbed Initial Value Problem for Chaplygin System with Combustion

—In the present paper, the authors consider the perturbed initial value problem of the Chapman-Jouguet model for the Chaplygin gas. We obtain the unique solution by analyzing the elementary waves under the global entropy conditions. We observe that the combustion wave solution may be extinguished after perturbation which tells the instability of the unburnt gas. And we also capture the transitions between the deﬂagration wave and the detonation wave.
confirming Theories of Consciousness and Their Predictions: Towards a Lakatosian

The neuroscience of consciousness is undergoing a significant empirical acceleration thanks to several adversarial collaborations that intend to test different predictions of rival theories of consciousness. In this context, it is important to pair consciousness science with confirmation theory, the philosophical discipline that explores the interaction between evidence and hypotheses, in order to understand how exactly, and to what extent, specific experiments are challenging or validating theories of consciousness. In this paper, I examine this intricate relationship by adopting a Lakatosian lens and propose that Lakatos’ philosophy of science can aid consciousness scientists to better interpret adversarial collaborations in consciousness science and, more generally, to develop a confirmation-theoretic model of theory appraisal in this field.
SoK: Post-Quantum TLS Handshake

Transport Layer Security (TLS) is the backbone security protocol of the Internet. As this fundamental protocol is at risk from future quantum attackers, many proposals have been made to protect TLS against this threat by implementing post-quantum cryptography (PQC). The widespread interest in post-quantum TLS has given rise to a large number of solutions over the last decade. These proposals differ in many aspects, including the security properties they seek to protect, the efficiency and trustworthiness of their post-quantum building blocks, and the application scenarios they consider, to name a few. Based on an extensive literature review, we classify existing solutions according to their general approaches, analyze their individual contributions, and present the results of our extensive performance experiments. Based on these insights, we identify the most reasonable candidates for post-quantum TLS, which research problems in this area have already been solved, and which are still open. Overall, our work provides a well-founded reference point for researching post-quantum TLS and preparing TLS in practice for the quantum age.
ConPro: Rule-Based Mapping of an Imperative Programming Language to RTL for Higher-Level-Synthesis Using Communicating Sequential Processes

The ConPro programming language, an new enhanced imperative programming language is mapped to Register-Transfer-Logic using a higher-level-synthesis approach performed by the synthesis tool ConPro. In contrast to other approaches using modiﬁed existing software languages likeC, this language is designed from scratch providing a consistent model for both hardware de-sign and software programming. The programming model and the language provide parallelism on control path level using a multi-process model with communicating sequential processes (CSP), and on data path level using bounded program blocks. Each process is mapped to a Finite-State-Machine and is executed concurrently. Additionally, program blocks can be parameterized and can control the synthesis process (scheduling and allocation). Synthesis is based on a non-iterative, multi-level and constraint selective rule-set based approach, rather than on a traditional constrained iterative scheduling and allocation approach. Required interprocess communication is provided by a set of primitives, entirely mapped to hardware, already established in concurrent softwareprogramming (multi-threading), implemented with an abstract data type object model and method-based access. It is demonstrated that this synthesis approach is eﬃcient and stable enough to create complex circuits reaching themillion gates boundary.
The B Cell Response and Formation of Allergenic and Anti-Allergenic Antibodies in Food Allergy

Simple Summary It has long been known that antibodies of a certain class, called IgE, are the main cause of allergic reactions to food. Other antibody types such as IgA and IgG can suppress the allergic reaction. Even IgE, which binds the allergen only weakly (i.e., with low affinity), seems to have a protective effect. This review discusses the role of distinct antibody types in food allergy, and the underlying mechanisms of action. These findings might be important to understand the development and course of food allergies, and could help to improve diagnostics and therapy. Abstract Food allergies are a growing public health concern worldwide, especially in children and young adults. Allergen-specific IgE plays a central role in the pathogenesis of food allergies, but their titers poorly correlate with allergy development. Host immune systems yield allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgE and IgG subclasses with low or high affinities and differential Fc N-glycosylation patterns that can affect the allergic reaction to food in multiple ways. High-affinity IgE is required to induce strong mast cell activation eventually leading to allergic anaphylaxis, while low-affinity IgE can even inhibit the development of clinically relevant allergic symptoms. IgA and IgG antibodies can inhibit IgE-mediated mast cell activation through various mechanisms, thereby protecting IgE-positive individuals from allergy development. The production of IgE and IgG with differential allergenic potential seems to be affected by the signaling strength of individual B cell receptors, and by cytokines from T cells. This review provides an overview of the diversity of the B cell response and the diverse roles of antibodies in food allergy.
Association between a maternal vegetarian diet during pregnancy and the occurrence of atopic dermatitis in children

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is rising globally, with genetics and environmental factors both playing crucial roles. Dietary habits during pregnancy are linked to children's allergic disease risk. However, limited studies have explored the association between maternal vegetarian diets during pregnancy and child AD. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between maternal vegetarian diets during pregnancy and the occurrence of AD in children.
Quantitative analysis of neurometabolites in adolescents with persistent symptoms following concussion using magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Recovery from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a dynamic, complex process, and pre-clinical research highlights brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as an important mediator in functional and pathophysiologic outcomes. Although BDNF appears to also be a significant factor in recovery in humans, its role is less understood. Our purpose was (1) to examine the association of serum and platelet-poor plasma concentrations of BDNF to relevant biopsychosocial outcomes of mTBI recovery (i.e., neurocognitive performance [attention, processing speed, memory, executive functioning], sleep, balance, mood, and self-reported symptoms) and (2) to assess BDNF response to a single-session of aerobic exercise (40 minutes of stationary cycling at 65%–75% maximum heart rate). There were 36 participants (ages 18–40; 19 male, 17 female) in 2 groups: (1) mTBI participants (n = 26) who were 14–25 days post-injury were randomized to either aerobic or non-aerobic exercise (low intensity stretching) and (2) demographically-matched, non-injured participants (n = 10) who participated in a single session of aerobic exercise. Results indicate that serum BDNF concentration has significant ( p = 0.05), inverse relationships with both sleep dysfunction and state levels of anxiety. No significant association between exercise type and serum BDNF was found, but there was a small to medium effect size (= 0.08) for increased plasma BDNF after aerobic exercise in mTBI vs non-injured participants. Overall, peripheral BDNF concentrations are poorly correlated, which suggests they reflect different tissue sources. Serum BDNF was more sensitive to select biopsychosocial outcomes, particularly sleep quality and anxiety, regardless of injury status. Additionally, aerobic exercise may play a role in enhancing platelet-poor plasma BDNF response in the post-acute period after mTBI.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Directed flight and optimal airspeeds: homeward-bound gulls react flexibly to wind yet fly slower than predicted

Birds in flight are proposed to adjust their body orientation (heading) and airspeed to wind conditions adaptively according to time and energy constraints. Airspeeds in goal-directed flight are predicted to approach or exceed maximum-range airspeeds, which minimize transport costs (energy expenditure per unit distance) and should increase in headwinds and crosswinds. Diagnosis of airspeed adjustment is however obscured by uncertainty regarding birds’ goal-directions, transport costs, interrelations with orientation strategy and the attainability of predicted behaviour. To address these issues, we tested whether gulls minimized transport costs through adjustment of airspeed and heading to wind conditions during extended inbound flight over water (180–360 km) to their breeding colony, and introduce a methodology to assess transport (energy) efficiency given wind conditions. Airspeeds, heading, flight mode and energy expenditure were estimated using GPS tracking, accelerometer and wind data. Predicted flight was determined by simulating each trip according to maximum-range airspeeds and various orientation strategies. Gulls employed primarily flapping flight (93%), and negotiated crosswinds flexibly to exploit both high altitude tailwinds and coastal soaring opportunities. We demonstrate that predicted airspeeds in heavy crosswinds depend strongly on orientation strategy and presumed preferred direction. Measured airspeeds increased with headwind and crosswind similarly to maximum-range airspeeds based on full compensation for wind drift, yet remained ∼ 30% lower than predicted by all strategies, resulting in slower and 30–35% costlier flight. Interestingly, more energy could be saved through adjustment of airspeed (median 40%) than via orientation strategy (median 4%). Therefore, despite remarkably flexible reaction to wind at sea, these gulls evidently minimized neither time nor energy expenditure. However, airspeeds were possibly over-predicted by current aerodynamic models. This study emphasizes the importance of accounting for orientation strategy when assessing airspeed adjustments to wind and indicates that either the cost or adaptive ‘currency’ of extended flight among gulls may require revision.
Non-normal distribution of the top-of-atmosphere satellite optical measurements over calibration sites

ABSTRACT This paper studies the distribution associated with the measurement of the satellite-derived top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance on a pixel-to-pixel level, within a defined spatial region of interest (ROI) within a vicarious calibration target site. The study analyses the effects of the atmosphere and surface reflectance distribution spatial shape. The analysis shows that some of the contributing effects are inherently nonlinear, so produce non-normal distributions. For these non-normal distributions, the use of the mean and standard deviation alone does not allow sufficient parameterization of the distribution to capture all the information associated with the ROI reflectance measurement. Therefore, additional information concerning the distribution is required to provide a full site reflectance characterization. This additional information can be useful in establishing the sources of change in the distribution and ultimately improve the site radiometric characterization, particularly for long-term monitoring. In this study, Landsat-8 (L8) Operational Land Imager (OLI) measurements over the CEOS Libya-4 Pseudo Invariant Calibration Site (PICS) are used as a demonstration.
Parasitoid Serpins Evolve Novel Functions to Manipulate Host Homeostasis

Abstract Parasitoids introduce various virulence factors when parasitism occurs, and some taxa generate teratocytes to manipulate the host immune system and metabolic homeostasis for the survival and development of their progeny. Host-parasitoid interactions are extremely diverse and complex, yet the evolutionary dynamics are still poorly understood. A category of serpin genes, named CvT-serpins, was discovered to be specifically expressed and secreted by the teratocytes of Cotesia vestalis, an endoparasitoid of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella. Genomic and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the C. vestalis serpin genes are duplicated and most of them are clustered into 1 monophyletic clade. Intense positive selection was detected at the residues around the P1–P1′ cleavage sites of the Cv-serpin reactive center loop domain. Functional analyses revealed that, in addition to the conserved function of melanization inhibition (CvT-serpins 1, 16, 18, and 21), CvT-serpins exhibited novel functions, i.e. bacteriostasis (CvT-serpins 3 and 5) and nutrient metabolism regulation (CvT-serpins 8 and 10). When the host-parasitoid system is challenged with foreign bacteria, CvT-serpins act as an immune regulator to reprogram the host immune system through sustained inhibition of host melanization while simultaneously functioning as immune effectors to compensate for this suppression. In addition, we provided evidence that CvT-serpin8 and 10 participate in the regulation of host trehalose and lipid levels by affecting genes involved in these metabolic pathways. These findings illustrate an exquisite tactic by which parasitoids win out in the parasite–host evolutionary arms race by manipulating host immune and nutrition homeostasis via adaptive gene evolution and neofunctionalization.
KEANJALAN TERHADAP CAJ JALAN: SINGAPURA-MALAYSIA

The Malaysian government has recently introduced a new charge called the Vehicle Entry Permit (VEP), which applies to foreign-registered vehicles, starting with Singaporean cars. This action has resulted in discontent from the Singaporean government, who considers it discriminatory towards Singaporean-registered vehicles. Consequently, Singapore has responded to the announcement of Malaysia's plan to implement the road charge-VEP on August 1st, 2014, by taking drastic measures such as increasing the VEP fee, imposing toll charges, and instituting a reciprocal charge that will only be lifted if Malaysia implements a VEP for foreign vehicles entering Malaysia.This study aims to analyze the potential impact of Malaysia's Road Charge policy on travel demand, specifically focusing on Singaporean drivers crossing the border. The objective is to determine the degree of response by Singaporean drivers to the road charge and understand its possible repercussions on Malaysia's tourism and commerce. In order to achieve this goal, the study examines related literature on the Vehicle Entry Permit (VEP), toll prices, and travel behavior, including the concept of price elasticity of demand. The study utilizes secondary data and employs an elasticity model to calculate the elasticity of travel demand. The Mann Whitney and Independent T-Test will be utilized to establish the difference in the number of entries after the implementation of the Road Charge. The study's findings indicate that the demand for private cars decreased by 44.66% from the beginning to the end of November 2016, and there was a sharp decline in demand even during the festive season. The researcher also determines that the demand for travelers is relatively elastic with a value of -0.108. This study's results will provide policymakers with insight into the possible negative impacts of such policies and how to mitigate them on tourism and commerce, particularly for stakeholders with lower incomes and the environment.
Aerodynamic Characteristics of Flow Past Naca 0008 Airfoil at Very Low Reynolds Numbers

The flow around NACA 0008 airfoil was investigated computationally at two very low values of Reynolds numbers 2000 and 6000 and for various angles of attack 0 to 8°. The flow being laminar it was seen to separate at very small angles of attack. Due to large viscous effects the pressure recovery at the trailing edge is poorer as compared to the high Reynolds number case leading to lower values of lift coefficient Cl, higher values of drag coefficient Cd, and lower values of (Cl/Cd). The wake flow exhibits similarity behaviour similar to that in high Reynolds number flat-plate wake. The quantitative validity of the boundary layer equations in a limited range of parameters is ascertained.