Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification of multi‐spectral remote sensing data using a local transfer function classifier

This paper introduces a new neural network, called the local transfer function classifier (LTF‐C), for classification of multi‐spectral remote sensing data. The network structure of LTF‐C is similar to that of the radial basis function neural network (RBF), but LTF‐C utilizes an entirely different learning algorithm. In particular, the network structure of LTF‐C is not predetermined, but changes dynamically during the learning. Such a learning algorithm fits well to the classification problem, and guarantees that the size of the network is as large as is needed. The classification results show that LTF‐C evidently has a better classification accuracy than the six other classifiers in the experiment.
Joint discrete universality of Hurwitz zeta functions

We obtain a joint discrete universality theorem for Hurwitz zeta functions. Here the parameters of zeta functions and the step of shifts of these functions approximating a given family of analytic functions are connected by some condition of linear independence. Nesterenko's theorem gives an example satisfying this condition. The universality theorem is applied to estimate the number of zeros of a linear combination of Hurwitz zeta functions. Bibliography: 20 titles.
Large intervals between consecutive primes

Some results in number theory, including the Prime Number Theorem, can be obtained by assuming a random distribution of prime numbers. In addition, conjectural formulae, such as Cherwell's for the density of prime pairs (p, p + 2) obtained in this way, have been found to agree well with the available evidence. Recently, primes have been determined over ranges of 150,000 numbers with starting points up to 1015. Statistical arguments are used to obtain a formula for the largest interval between consecutive primes in such a range, and it is found to agree well with recorded values. The same method is applied to predict the maximum interval between consecutive primes occurring below a given integer. Introduction. Jones, Lal and Blundon [1] have tabled the largest interval between primes in each of the regions (x, x + A) with A = 150,000, x = 10, n = 8(1)15, as well as the numbers of prime pairs (p, p + 2), etc., lying in these ranges. They found that these counts of pairs, triples, etc. agree well with those given by the conjectured formulae of Hardy and Littlewood [2]. It is interesting to note that Cherwell [3] obtained the same formulae using statistical methods. This note assumes that primes occur randomly in a specified region with a uniform distribution function. The largest interval between consecutive primes in the range (x, x + A) is investigated; for large x its mean value is (1) log x log(A/log x), but for the ranges in [1] it pays to use the rather more elaborate result found below, and agreement with actual counts is good. From Table 1 of [5], we can obtain values of the maximum interval between consecutive primes for the ranges (10m, 1 0 ), m = 3 (1)9, and again the calculated maxima are in good agreement. The method can be used to estimate G(N), the maximum interval below N. The result is G(N) -log N(log N log log N). Received December 7, 1970, revised March 25, 1971. AMS 1969 subject classifications. Primary 1042.
Electrostatic deformation in band profiles of InP‐based strained‐layer quantum‐well lasers

We study the electrostatic deformation in the conduction‐band and valence‐band profiles of 1.3‐μm InP‐based strained‐layer (SL) quantum‐well (QW) lasers in the temperature range of 273–373 K. Electrostatic deformation is analyzed by the self‐consistent numerical solution of the Poisson’s equation, the scalar effective‐mass equation for the conduction band, and the multiband effective‐mass equation for the valence band. It is shown that, in InP‐based QWs, electrostatic band‐profile deformation causes a significant change in effective barrier height for the conduction and valence bands, which has a pronounced influence on the electron and hole distribution throughout the whole QW structure in the temperature range studied. We demonstrate that it is necessary to take into account electrostatic deformation in both band profiles for an analysis of the high‐temperature characteristics of InP‐based SL‐QW lasers.
Estimation of Vibration Frequencies of Linear Elastic Membranes

The free motion of a thin elastic linear membrane is described, in a simplyfied model, by a second order linear homogeneous hyperbolic system of partial differential equations whose spatial part is the Laplace Beltrami operator acting on a Riemannian 2- dimensional manifold with boundary. We adapt the estimates of the spectrum of the Laplacian obtained in the last years by several authors for compact closed Riemannian manifolds. To make so, we use the standard technique of the doubled manifold to transform a Riemannian manifold with nonempty boundary (M, ∂M, g) to a compact Riemannian manifold (M#M,g˜\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$M\# M,\tilde g$$\end{document} ) without boundary. An easy numerical investigation on a concrete semi-ellipsoidic membrane with clamped boundary tests the sharpness of the method.
Induced electromagnetic field by seismic waves in Earth's magnetic field

Studied in this article are the properties of the electromagnetic (EM) fields generated by an earthquake due to the motional induction effect, which arises from the motion of the conducting crust across the Earth's magnetic field. By solving the governing equations that couple the elastodynamic equations with Maxwell equations, we derive the seismoelectromagnetic wavefields excited by a single‐point force and a double‐couple source in a full space. Two types of EM disturbances can be generated, i.e., the coseismic EM field accompanying the seismic wave and the independently propagating EM wave which arrives much earlier than the seismic wave. Simulation of an Mw6.1 earthquake shows that at a receiving location where the seismic acceleration is on the order of 0.1 m/s2, the coseismic electric and magnetic fields are on the orders of 1 μV/m and 0.1 nT, respectively, agreeing with the EM data observed in 2008 Mw6.1 Qingchuan earthquake, China, and indicating that the motional induction effect is effective enough to generate observable EM signal. We also simulated the EM signals observed by Haines et al. ( ) which were called the Lorentz fields and cannot be explained by the electrokinetic effect. The result shows that the EM wave generated by a horizontal force can explain the data well, suggesting that the motional induction effect is responsible for the Lorentz fields. The motional induction effect is compared with the electrokinetic effect, showing the overall conclusion that the former dominates the mechanoelectric conversion under low‐frequency and high‐conductivity conditions while the latter dominates under high‐frequency and low‐conductivity conditions.
Construction and Distribution Problems for Irreducible Trinomials over Finite Fields

Various aspects of the construction, distribution and factorization of polynomials over a nite eld have been widely investigated in the recent literature. The present work is limited to studying certain questions on the distribution of irreducible trinomials over F 2. All such irreducible trinomials of degree less than 5,000 have been determined as a basis of the study. The results indicate some distribution anomalies that are not well explained by existing theory. Primitive trinomials are of particular interest in the generation of random numbers for simulation studies, but they do not always exist for a given degree n over F 2. We explore the existence of trinomials that have degrees slightly bigger than the given degree and contain a primitive polynomial of the given degree as a factor. Such trinomials may be used as an alternative for primitive trinomials.
1/f noise as a nonstationary process: Experimental evidence and some analytical conditions

Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that physical systems in thermodynamic nonequilibrium possess, among other fluctuation phenomena, nonstationary noise with a true 1/fα‐power spectral density over all frequencies, and that such spectra are stable. Some consequences of this hypothesis are derived, and a class of time‐dependent autocorrelation functions for such a process is proposed.
Modeling music perception in impaired listeners

We employ computational models of loudness and pitch perception to better understand the impact of sensorineural hearing loss on music perception, with the aim of guiding technology development for hearing-impaired listeners. Traditionally, hearing aid development has been geared towards improving speech intelligibility and has largely failed to provide adequate restoration of music to those with hearing loss. One difficulty with trying to improve music perception in impaired listeners is the absence of a good quantitative measure of music reception, analogous to speech reception measures like word-recognition rate. Psychoacoustic models for loudness and pitch allow us to guage quantitative parameters relevant to music perception and make predictions about the type of deficits listeners face. We examine the impact of hearing loss to predicted measures of loudness, specific loudness, pitch, and consonance and make suggestions on possible methods for restoration.
A Rejoinder on Models, Metaphors, and Fables

Julie Shaffer deserves our thanks for putting this set of essays together, and the discussants have obviously taken the project quite seriously. Keith Hope, in particular, gets a lot of credit not only for scholarship but also for good humor under fire. I will respond to the discussants; give a few examples (from epidemiology) where causal inferences have been drawn from observational data, but not by path-analytic techniques; and summarize my views. The focus of the rejoinder, as of the essay, is on the hinge connecting the path models to reality-the assumptions. The main assumption, that the equations are structural, is explained in my "research fable"; the statistical assumptions are outlined in the sections on regression and path models.
A sensitivity study of artiﬁcial viscosity in a defect-deferred correction method for the coupled Stokes/Darcy model

This paper analyzes the sensitivity of artiﬁcial viscosity in the defect-deferred correction method for the non-stationary coupled Stokes/Darcy model. For the defect step and the deferred-correction step of the defect deferred correction method, we give the corresponding sensitivity systems related to the change of artiﬁcial viscosity. Finite element schemes are devised for computing numerical solutions to the sensitivity systems. Finally, we verify the theoretical analysis results through numerical experiments. The paper shows the eﬀects of artiﬁcial viscosity, viscosity/hydraulic conductivity coeﬃcients and spatial step sizes on sensitivity of numerical solutions to artiﬁcial viscosity in the defect step and the deferred correction step in detail.
Grid-controlled plasma cathodes

Experiments are described on a plasma cathode with biased grids to prevent entry of ions into the electron extraction gap. The cathode has potential applications to the generation of high‐current pulsed electron beams. Operation at 20 A/cm2 is theoretically possible. The source combines the low average power consumption of a plasma cathode with many of the attractive features of thermionic cathodes, such as space‐charge‐limited extractor gap electron flow, fast turn‐on, and no diode closure. Initial experiments are reported at the 2 A/cm2 level for pulse lengths to 160 μs.
Mature and Fresh Surfaces on the Newborn Asteroid Karin

Here we report a near-infrared (J, H, and K bands) spectroscopy of 832 Karin, the brightest asteroid among the Karin cluster group, which is thought to be the remnants of a collisional breakup only 5.8 million years ago. The spectroscopic observation was performed by the Subaru telescope with the Cooled Infrared Spectrograph and Camera for OHS on 2003 September 14. For different rotational phases of Karin, we derived different spectra such as a reddened spectrum like that of an S-type asteroid and an unreddened spectrum like that of ordinary chondrite. Karin could be an impact fragment preserving an old surface and is probably one of the cone-shaped fragments at the low-velocity impact that formed the Karin cluster group. Our result supports the idea that S-type asteroids are parent bodies of ordinary chondrites.
Accretion Corona Immersed in Disk Radiation Fields

We theoretically examined an accretion-disk corona, which is infalling toward the central black hole. The corona was supposed to be initially at rest far from the center. It was also assumed to be both geometrically and optically thin. During infall above and below the disk, the corona is suffered from the disk radiation fields. When the accretion disk is less luminous, the corona gas freely infalls to the center. When the accretion disk is sufficiently luminous, on the other hand, the corona gas gains angular momentum from the underlying disk via radiation drag. As a result, the infall of the corona gas is suppressed and the corona gas tends to corotate with the disk. When the disk is highly luminous, the infall of the corona gas stops in the inner disk and the corona gas may blow off from the disk as a radiatively driven wind.
Optimization of differential phase-contrast imaging setups using simulative approaches

Differential phase-contrast imaging with X-ray tubes based on Talbot Interferometry is influenced by conventional X-ray imaging setups. Parameters, which are optimized for conventional setups, may not be optimal for differential phase-contrast imaging. Therefore, there is a high potential for optimization of differential phase-contrast imaging. Quantities like visibility, contrast to noise ratio, and dose can be combined to form an objective function. For differential phase-contrast imaging, those possible objective functions are generally not known analytically and are expected to be non-linear. The optimization of differential phase-contrast is still possible as the quantities, which are necessary to form an objective function, can be obtained by a simulation. Additionally, setup parameters can be varied more purposefully within the simulation than it would be possible in an experimental setup. To take particle as well as wave contributions into account, a Monte-Carlo simulation framework and a wave field simulation framework are used. Numerical optimization procedures are an adequate approach to find optimal setups for differential phase-contrast imaging. The objective function can be obtained by numerical simulations. Hence, different optimization procedures will be evaluated and compared. Results for an optimized phase grating and an optimized analyzer grating are presented. The appropriate optimization procedure and the optimal setup depend on the intended application of the setup and the constraints which the setup parameters have to obey.
LITHIUM ABUNDANCES IN SC STARS

Spectra between 6685 and 6720 A have been synthesized to match high-resolution observations of eight SC stars and two S stars to study the Li 6707 A line. In addition, lines for eleven additional elements and the CN molecule were detected. Li/metals abundance ratios ranged from - 1.15 to - 1.75. The Li abundances in MS, S, and SC stars are compared with that of super-lithium-rich stars.
DISTANT QSOS BEHIND FOREGROUND CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES

Images with ~1 arc sec resolution are presented of four high-redshift QSOs (0952+179, 1011+250, 1100-264, and 1209+107) which have reported absorption spectra of much lower redshift. In three of them the QSO luminosity is extended, asymmetrically, and there is a foreground cluster of galaxies with sizes and magnitudes consistent with the absorption redshift. In the fourth case the absorption redshift is suspect, and there is neither a galaxy cluster nor a resolved QSO image. It is concluded that the absorption spectra arise in the foreground galaxy clusters and that the QSOs are, therefore, candidates for gravitational lensing.
Forecasting the price of AWS On-spot instances using Deep Neural Network Architectures

Among the cloud computing services, the concept of On-spot instance is the most popular which has been introduced by Amazon AWS, in order to utilize their spare capacity. On-spot instance follows the auction-based cloud model, where the price on-spot changes with time. In general analysis, it has been found that AWS On-spot instances are 30-40% cheaper than regular instances. The concept of dynamic pricing for AWS on-spot instance makes it complicated for some users, to bid for an optimal price. In order to help the users for selecting the optimal price with AWS On-spot instances, this research is predicted using the 4 different deep learning architectures which includes CNN, RNN, LSTM and Bi-LSTM for price prediction. To select the best performing model MSE, RMSE and MAE score has been calculated for each model over the test data. The better outcomes is achieved using Bi-LSTM model in terms of performance. In order to implement the concept of ON-spot price prediction, a web-portal using python flask has been developed which provides the predicted price of On-spot instance based on user input such as Region, Operating system, instance type, Time stamp etc.
Production of a non-phonemic variant in a second language: Acoustic analysis of Japanese speakers’ production of American English flap

Second-language (L2) learners need to learn the sound system of an L2 so that they can distinguish L2 words. However, it is also instructive to learn non-phonemic, allophonic variations, particularly if learners want to sound native-like. The production of intervocalic /t d/ as an alveolar flap is a prime example of a non-phonemic variation that is salient in American English and presumably noticeable to many L2 learners. Yet, how well such non-phonemic variants are learned by L2 learners is a relatively under-explored subject. In the present study, Japanese learners’ production of alveolar flaps was investigated, to clarify how well learners can learn the phonetic environments in which flapping tends to occur, and how L2 experience affects their performance. Native Japanese speakers who had lived in North America for various lengths of time read a list of words and phrases that contained a potentially flappable stop, embedded in a carrier sentence. Preliminary results indicated that the rate of flapping varied considerably across different words and phrases and across speakers. Furthermore, acoustic parameters such as flap closure duration produced by some speakers showed intermediate values between native-like flaps and regular stops, suggesting that flapping is a gradient phenomenon. [Work supported by JSPS. ]
Scrutinizing Privacy Policy Compliance of Virtual Personal Assistant Apps

A large number of functionality-rich and easily accessible applications have become popular among various virtual personal assistant (VPA) services such as Amazon Alexa. VPA applications (or VPA apps for short) are accompanied by a privacy policy document that informs users of their data handling practices. These documents are usually lengthy and complex for users to comprehend, and developers may intentionally or unintentionally fail to comply with them. In this work, we conduct the first systematic study on the privacy policy compliance issue of VPA apps. We develop Skipper, which targets Amazon Alexa skills. It automatically depicts the skill into the declared privacy profile by analyzing their privacy policy documents with Natural Language Processing (NLP) and machine learning techniques, and derives the behavioral privacy profile of the skill through a black-box testing. We conduct a large-scale analysis on all skills listed on Alexa store, and find that a large number of skills suffer from the privacy policy noncompliance issues.
A Separation Property of Positive Definite Functions on Locally Compact Groups and Applications to Fourier Algebras

Abstract For a closed subgroup H of a locally compact group G consider the property that the continuous positive definite functions on G which are identically one on H separate points in G \ H from points in H . We prove a structure theorem for almost connected groups having this separation property for every closed subgroup. Also, when a pair ( G , H ) has this separation property, there are interesting consequences in the ideal theory of the Fourier algebra of G .
The Kinematics of Intermediate-Redshift Gaseous Galaxy Halos

High-resolution spectroscopy of the absorption lines associated with four intermediate-redshift galaxies are presented. These observations are combined with existing spectroscopy of the redshifted 21-cm absorption lines toward 0235 + 164 and 1229 - 021. Evidence is presented to the effect that the lines of sight through the absorbers toward 0235 + 164 and 1229 - 021 penetrate material for which the velocity fields are dominated by systematic rather than by random motions, and the line profiles are found to be consistent with what is expected for rotating ensembles of clouds. It is suggested that for these two absorbers the absorption arises in individual clouds within single galaxy halos rather than, for example, in collections of coalescing subgalactic fragments, for which the expected velocity fields are more turbulent, or as a result of galaxy-galaxy clustering. It is concluded that lines of sight that impact absorbing regions at small impact parameters intercept many clouds, sample large velocity intervals, and are likely to show redshifted 21-cm absorption, whereas lines of sight that impact absorbing regions at large impact parameters intercept few clouds, sample small velocity intervals, and are unlikely to show redshifted 21-cm absorption.
GUESTS’ ACCEPTANCE OF SERVICE ROBOTS IN HOTELS WITHIN KLANG VALLEY, MALAYSIA.

Service robots are machines that complement or improve human activities. This research aims to provide an insight for managers, decision maker, and engineers to recognize the importance of the factor that influence guests acceptance of robotic service in the hotel industry. Quantitative method using inferential analysis has been utilized in the study where 300 respondents participated for this research. Survey has been used for primarily data collection method and self-administration questionnaire has been used as the main instrument. Questionnaires were distributed to guests in hotels around Klang Valley in order to investigate the key factors that affecting guests’ acceptance towards service robots in a hotel. Data collected were analysed using correlations and regressions analyses to determine the influential factors. All above mentioned techniques allow authors to introduce their own findings concerning this issue in terms of service robots acceptance. The research outcomes will contribute insights for advancement in the hotel industry.