Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web

Knowledge bases (KBs) about notable entities and their properties are an important asset in applications such as search, question answering and dialog. All popular KBs capture virtually only positive statements, and abstain from taking any stance on statements not stored in the KB. This paper makes the case for explicitly stating salient statements that do not hold. Negative statements are useful to overcome limitations of question answering systems that are mainly geared for positive questions; they can also contribute to informative summaries of entities. Due to the abundance of such invalid statements, any effort to compile them needs to address ranking by saliency. We present a statistical inference method for compiling and ranking negative statements, based on expectations from positive statements of related entities in peer groups. Experimental results, with a variety of datasets, show that the method can effectively discover notable negative statements, and extrinsic studies underline their usefulness for entity summarization. Datasets and code are released as resources for further research. © 2021ElsevierB.V. Allrightsreserved.
VARIATIONS IN VALUES OF PROXIMATE ANALYSIS IN AERVA LANATA JUSS EX SCHULTES, HEDYOTIS CORYMBOSA (L.) LAM . AND LEPTADENIA RETICULATA (RETZ.) W. & A.

Quality control methods are of utmost importance for maintenance of quality of herbal medicines. Literature values are available for a number of medicinal plants. Such values are considered to be standard and at times taken for granted. The present work was carried out to determine if the values of proximate analysis are consistent even with change of season or region of collection. If the values vary, then it is of utmost importance to determine the best time and place of collection for the plant. The various parameters studied were ash analysis, extractive values and moisture content for three plants Aerva lanata , Hedyotis corymbosa and Leptadenia reticulata . Each plant was collected during summer, monsoon and winter to study the effect of change of season on the proximate analysis values. Similarly the analysis was carried out for samples collected from Gujarat, Maharashtra and Kerala, to study the effect of geographical variation in the plants. Interestingly, the values were found to be change with season and region of collection of these plants.
Robust Anatomical Correspondence Detection by Hierarchical Sparse Graph Matching

Robust anatomical correspondence detection is a key step in many medical image applications such as image registration and motion correction. In the computer vision field, graph matching techniques have emerged as a powerful approach for correspondence detection. By considering potential correspondences as graph nodes, graph edges can be used to measure the pairwise agreement between possible correspondences. In this paper, we present a novel, hierarchical graph matching method with sparsity constraint to further augment the power of conventional graph matching methods in establishing anatomical correspondences, especially for the cases of large inter-subject variations in medical applications. Specifically, we first propose to measure the pairwise agreement between potential correspondences along a sequence of intensity profiles which reduces the ambiguity in correspondence matching. We next introduce the concept of sparsity on the fuzziness of correspondences to suppress the distraction from misleading matches, which is very important for achieving the accurate, one-to-one correspondences. Finally, we integrate our graph matching method into a hierarchical correspondence matching framework, where we use multiple models to deal with the large inter-subject anatomical variations and gradually refine the correspondence matching results between the tentatively deformed model images and the underlying subject image. Evaluations on both synthetic data and public hand X-ray images indicate that the proposed hierarchical sparse graph matching method yields the best correspondence matching performance in terms of both accuracy and robustness when compared with several conventional graph matching methods.
On the Existence and Stability of Rotating Wave Solutions to Lattice Dynamical Systems

Rotating wave solutions to evolution equations have been shown to govern many important biological and chemical processes. Much of the rigorous mathematical investigations of rotating waves rely on the model exhibiting a continuous Euclidean symmetry, which is only present in an idealized situation. Here we investigate the existence of rotationally propagating solutions in a discrete spatial setting, in which typical symmetry methods cannot be applied, thus presenting an unique perspective on rotating waves. Our goal in this thesis is to demonstrate the existence and potential stability of rotating wave solutions to a spatially discretized infinite systems of coupled differential equations. This goal is achieved by considering so-called Lambda-Omega systems, which have frequently been used to model typical oscillatory dynamics. Our work is broken into three major components: 1. An infinite system of coupled phase equations is investigated and we demonstrate that under some mild assumptions the system exhibits a phase-locked rotating wave solution. The phase system is derived from a limiting case of the original Lambda-Omega system, and therefore solutions of the phase equation will be useful in finding rotating wave solutions to the full Lambda-Omega system. 2. We examine the stability of the rotating wave solution found in the coupled phase equations. This is achieved by providing a link with an underlying graphtheoretic geometry endowed by the spatially discretized system. We use results from random walks on infinite graphs to provide a general stability theorem for coupled phase equations. 3. We use the rotating wave solution of the phase equations to extend to a rotating wave solution of the full Lambda-Omega system. This result is achieved using a non-standard Implicit Function Theorem, since we show that typical implicit function arguments cannot be applied to our present situation.
A Method for Fault Detection and Isolation Based on the Processing of Multiple Diagnostic Indices: Application to Inverter Faults in AC Drives

A general method for fault detection and isolation (FDI) is proposed and applied to inverter faults in drives of electric vehicles (EVs). This method is based on a change detection algorithm, which allows multiple fault indices (FIs) to be combined to retrieve the most likely state of the drive. The drive topology under study is a six-leg inverter associated with a three-phase open-end winding machine. Due to the inherent fault-tolerant topology, the conventional FIs are no longer effective. Therefore, an analysis of simulations under faulty conditions leads to the derivation of suitable FIs. These are based on the envelope of the phase currents, as well as their instantaneous frequency. Specific operating conditions related to the EV environment are taken into account, such as the flux-weakening region and energy recovery. In these modes of operation, FDI can be affected by uncontrolled currents circulating through the free-wheeling diodes. Finally, the performances of the FDI scheme are evaluated under steady-state and nonstationary conditions through simulations and experimental results.
A Wavelet-Based Two-Stage Near-Lossless Coder

In this paper, we present a two-stage near-lossless compression scheme. It belongs to the class of "lossy plus residual coding" and consists of a wavelet-based lossy layer followed by arithmetic coding of the quantized residual to guarantee a given Linfin error bound in the pixel domain. We focus on the selection of the optimum bit rate for the lossy layer to achieve the minimum total bit rate. Unlike other similar lossy plus lossless approaches using a wavelet-based lossy layer, the proposed method does not require iteration of decoding and inverse discrete wavelet transform in succession to locate the optimum bit rate. We propose a simple method to estimate the optimal bit rate, with a theoretical justification based on the critical rate argument from the rate-distortion theory and the independence of the residual error
Location Fingerprinting In A Decorrelated Space

We present a novel approach to the problem of the indoor localization in wireless environments. The main contribution of this paper is fourfold: 1) we show that by projecting the measured signal into a decorrelated signal space, the positioning accuracy is improved, since the cross correlation between each AP is reduced, 2) we demonstrate that this novel approach achieves a more efficient information compaction and provides a better scheme to reduce online computation (the drawback of AP selection techniques is overcome, since we reduce the dimensionality by combing features, and each component in the decorrelated space is the linear combination of all APs; therefore, a more efficient mechanism is provided to utilize information of all APs while reducing the computational complexity), 3) experimental results show that the size of training samples can be greatly reduced in the decorrelated space; that is, fewer human efforts are required for developing the system, and 4) we carry out comparisons between RSS and three classical decorrelated spaces, including Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) in this paper. Two AP selection criteria proposed in the literature, MaxMean and InfoGain are also compared. Testing on a realistic WLAN environment, we find that PCA achieves the best performance on the location fingerprinting task.
A Computational Framework for Motor Skill Acquisition

There have been numerous attempts in explaining the general learning behaviours by various cognitive models. Multiple hypotheses have been put further to qualitatively argue the best-fit model for motor skill acquisition task and its variations. In this context, for a discrete sequence production (DSP) task, one of the most insightful models is Verwey's Dual Processor Model (DPM). It largely explains the learning and behavioural phenomenon of skilled discrete key-press sequences without providing any concrete computational basis of reinforcement. Therefore, we propose a quantitative explanation for Verwey's DPM hypothesis by experimentally establishing a general computational framework for motor skill learning. We attempt combining the qualitative and quantitative theories based on a best-fit model of the experimental simulations of variations of dual processor models. The fundamental premise of sequential decision making for skill learning is based on interacting model-based (MB) and model-free (MF) reinforcement learning (RL) processes. Our unifying framework shows the proposed idea agrees well to Verwey's DPM and Fitts' three phases of skill learning. The accuracy of our model can further be validated by its statistical fit with the human-generated data on simple environment tasks like the grid-world.
Un modèle de cinétique d'évolution de populations de bulles dans un fluide à seuil

Le contexte de cette etude est de decrire les processus physico-chimiques elementaires de base conduisant au gonflement d’enrobes de bitume (suspensions de sels dans une matrice bitume) dans lequel sont conditionnes des sels de coprecipitation de radionucleides. La radioactivite genere une production volumique uniforme de dihydrogene par radiolyse des chaines de bitume. Ce taux de creation de gaz perdure sur des echelles de temps tres grandes (plus de cent ans), bien que decroissant au cours du temps. L’etude scientifique vise a conforter les modeles actuels de prediction du gonflement sous radiolyse des enrobes bitume. Il a ete montre que les enrobes de bitume sont des fluides a seuil. Ces travaux proposent donc d'aborder l'influence d’une generation continue de gaz (appelee terme source dans la suite de cet article) et d’un seuil d’ecoulement sur la cinetique d'evolution d'une population de bulles. Classiquement, pour un gaz dissous au dela de sa limite de solubilite et en l’absence de seuil et de terme source, on observe un scenario de germination-croissance-murissement (croissance des grosses bulles au detriment des petites) qui selectionne aux temps longs une distribution de grosses bulles, independante de la distribution initiale de germes. Nos travaux montrent qu’il existe des regimes ou le terme source entre en competition avec la cinetique de murissement et ou le seuil d’ecoulement peut etaler ou rendre bidisperse la distribution de taille de bulles au cours de son evolution.
Approximate Formulae for Pricing Zero-Coupon Bonds and Their Asymptotic Analysis

We analyze analytic approximation formulae for pricing zero-coupon bonds in the case when the short-term interest rate is driven by a one-factor mean-reverting process with a volatility nonlinearly depending on the interest rate itself. We derive the order of accuracy of the analytical approximation due to Choi and Wirjanto. We furthermore give an explicit formula for a higher order approximation and we test both approximations numerically for a class of one-factor interest rate models.
Cost‐effectiveness of rivaroxaban versus warfarin in non‐valvular atrial fibrillation patients with chronic kidney disease in China

In non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), rivaroxaban was not inferior to warfarin in preventing stroke and systemic embolism. However, a comparative evaluation of the cost‐effectiveness of rivaroxaban and warfarin therapies for NVAF patients at different renal function levels has not yet been reported, and this study aimed to estimate the cost‐effectiveness of rivaroxaban compared with warfarin in Chinese NVAF patients with CKD.
High-Sensitivity Phased Arrays for Radio Astronomy and Satellite Communications

High-Sensitivity Phased Arrays for Radio Astronomy and Satellite Communications Junming Diao Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, BYU Doctor of Philosophy Radio astronomy is used to study stars, galaxies, black holes and gas clouds radiation at radio frequencies. Detecting extremely weak signals from deep space radio sources requires high sensitive feed system associated with large dish antennas. The key figure of merit is survey speed, or the time required to map a region of the sky to a given source flux density. Survey speed is proportional to the frequency bandwidth, the field of view or observable region of the sky, and the squared sensitivity, where sensitivity is related to reflector aperture efficiency and system noise temperature. Compared to the traditional single feed, phased array feeds with significantly expanded field of view are considered as the next generation feed for radio telescope. This dissertation outlines the design, analysis and measurement of high sensitivity L-band and mm-wave phased array feeds for the 100-meter Green Bank Telescope. Theoretical works for radio astronomy includes design guideline for high sensitivity phased array feed, fundamental frequency bandwidth limit, array antenna loss influenced by mutual coupling and beamformer coefficients and possibility of superdirectivity for radio telescopes and other antennas. These study are helpful to understand and guide the design of a phased array feed system. In the absence of dish antennas, sparse phased arrays with aperiodic structure have been developed for satellite communications. A compromise between the peak side lobe level, array element density, directivity and design complexity is studied. We have found that the array peak side lobe level can be reduced by enhancing the array element direction at the main lobe direction, increasing the array element density and enlarging the array size. A Poynting streamline approach develops to understand the properties of a receiving antenna and the mutual coupling effects between array elements. This method has been successfully used to generate effective area shape for many types of antennas and guide the design of a superdirective antenna. Motivated by this method, a superdirective antenna is experimental demonstrated.
Rounded Hartley Transform: A Quasi-involution

A new multiplication-free transform derived from DHT is in- troduced: the RHT. Investigations on the properties of the RHT led us to the concept of weak-inversion. Using new constructs, we show that RHT is not involutional like the DHT, but exhibits quasi-involutional property, a new definition derived from the periodicity of matrices. Thus instead of using the actual inverse transform, the RHT is viewed as an involutional transform, allowing the use of direct (multiplication-free) to evaluate the inverse. A fast algorithm to compute RHT is presented. This algorithm show embedded properties. We also extended RHT to the two-dimensional case. This permitted us to perform a preliminary analysis on the effects of RHT on images. Despite of some SNR loss, RHT can be very interesting for applications involving image monitoring associated to decision making, such as military applications or medical imaging.
Sensitivity of a Rydberg-atom receiver to frequency and amplitude modulation of microwaves

Electromagnetically induced transparency in atomic systems involving Rydberg states is known to be a sensitive probe of incident microwave (MW) ﬁelds, in particular those resonant with Rydberg-to-Rydberg transitions. Here we propose an intelligible analytical model of a Rydberg atomic receiver’s response to amplitude- (AM) and frequency-modulated (FM) signals and compare it with experimental results , present ing a setup that allows send-ing signals with either AM or FM and evaluating their efficiency with demodulation. Additionally, the setup reveals a detection configuration using all circular polarizations for optical fields and allowing detection of a circularly polarized MW ﬁeld, propagating colinearly with optical beams. In our measurements, we systematically show that several parameters exhibit local optimum characteristics and then estimate these optimal parameters and working ranges, addressing the need to devise a robust Rydberg MW sensor and its operational protocol.
On ability to autonomously execute agent programs with sensing

Most existing work in agent programming assumes an execution model where an agent has a knowledge base (KB) about the current state of the world, and makes decisions about what to do in terms of what is entailed or consistent with this KB. Planning then involves looking ahead and gauging what would be consistent or entailed at various stages by possible future KBs. We show that in the presence of sensing, such a model does not always work properly, and propose an alternative that does. We then discuss how this affects agent programming language design/semantics.
Semi‐feedback optimal control design for nonlinear problems

In this paper, a simple novel approach for feedback optimal control design of nonlinear problems which can nullify deviations from nominal trajectory has been proposed. On the basis of the proposed method, after solving the optimal control problem using a numerical method to achieve nominal trajectory and control command, one can take an arbitrary form of state feedback structure. Afterwards, by taking advantage of a simple process of the feedback bundle parameter optimization, the solution of the problem as a semi‐feedback optimal control policy will be available. In application, because of this specific structure, there is no need to use the nominal trajectory to calculate deviations. However, the semi‐feedback solution is able to keep the deviated trajectories near the nominal one without any information from deviations. To show the implementation of this approach, 2 simple examples have been solved, and then, the semi‐feedback solution for this problem has been verified by Monte Carlo simulation.
ISPY – NaCo Imaging Survey for Planets around Young stars

Context. The interaction between low-mass companions and the debris discs they reside in is still not fully understood. A debris disc can evolve due to self-stirring, a process in which planetesimals can excite their neighbours to the point of destructive collisions. In addition, the presence of a companion could further stir the disc (companion-stirring). Additional information is necessary to understand this fundamental step in the formation and evolution of a planetary system, and at the moment of writing only a handful of systems are known where a companion and a debris disc have both been detected and studied at the same time. Aims. Our primary goal is to augment the sample of these systems and to understand the relative importance between self-stirring and companion-stirring. Methods. In the course of the VLT/NaCo Imaging Survey for Planets around Young stars (ISPY), we observed HD 193571, an A0 debris disc hosting star at a distance of 68 pc with an age between ∼60 and 170 Myr. We obtained two sets of observations in L′ band and a third epoch in H band using the GPI instrument at Gemini-South. Results. A companion was detected in all three epochs at a projected separation of ∼11 au (∼0.17″), and co-motion was confirmed through proper motion analysis. Given the inferred disc size of 120 au, the companion appears to reside within the gap between the host star and the disc. Comparison between the L′ and H band magnitude and evolutionary tracks suggests a mass of ∼0.31 − 0.39 M⊙. Conclusions. We discovered a previously unknown M-dwarf companion around HD 193571, making it the third low-mass stellar object discovered within a debris disc. A comparison to self- and companion-stirring models suggests that the companion is likely responsible for the stirring of the disc.
Dynamics of human neocortex that optimizes its stability and flexibility

The electroencephalogram (EEG) in normal resting subjects is robustly stable. In epileptic subjects it reveals instability. We investigated EEGs in states of a neurosurgical patient awake and at rest, in sleep, and in intractable partial complex seizures. We used a microgrid array of 64 electrodes in a 1x1 cm window fixed on the right inferior temporal gyrus. EEG signals were recorded during a week of neurosurgical evaluation for treatment. Comparisons with normal intracranial EEG were perforce made with data from animal studies. Analytic phase and amplitude were calculated with the Hilbert transform to get the temporal resolution needed to reveal spatiotemporal structure in the background EEG, The rest state revealed multiple overlapping patterns of local coherent oscillations in the beta range with conic phase gradients that had the appearance of bubbles in a pan of boiling water or droplets condensing and evaporating in fog. Cone diameters gave estimates of the distances across cortex over which the cortical oscillations were synchronized. Superimposed on shorter and smaller phase cones were larger and longer epochs of phase locking with briefly near-constant frequency and high amplitude. These coordinated analytic phase differences (CAPD) occurred between short periods of high spatial variance in phase differences. We interpreted the variance as evidence for phase transitions between transiently stable states, each demarcated by a stable phase cone. In sleep the phase cones and CAPD persisted with reduced amplitude, occasionally interrupted by long-lasting (~1 s) epochs with no spatial textures in phase and amplitude despite large increases in amplitude. A local seizure consisted of high amplitude 3/s waves with a steep spatial gradient of amplitude over the array. Seizure onset was seen after a pre-ictal period marked by reduction in cone diameters and related evidence for large-scale disintegration that appeared to accompany or lead to loss of cortical metastability. Stability and flexibility of human neocortex 3 Freeman, Holmes, West, Vanhatalo