Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Procedure for Eliciting Women’s Preferences for Breast Cancer Screening Frequency

Background We evaluate the construct validity of a proposed procedure for eliciting lay preferences among health care policy options, suited for structured surveys. It is illustrated with breast cancer screening, a domain in which people may have heterogeneous preferences. Methods Our procedure applies behavioral decision research principles to eliciting preferences among policy options expressed in quantitative terms. Three-hundred women older than 18 y without a history of breast cancer were recruited through Amazon MTurk. Participants evaluated 4 screening options for each of 4 groups of women, with varying risk of breast cancer. Each option was characterized by estimates of 3 primary outcomes: breast cancer deaths, false alarms, and overdiagnosis resulting in unnecessary treatment of cancers that would not progress. These estimates were based on those currently being developed by the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium. For each risk group, participants stated how frequently they would wish to receive screening, if the predicted outcomes applied to them. Results A preregistered test found that preferences were robust enough to be unaffected by the order of introducing and displaying the outcomes. Other tests of construct validity also suggested that respondents generally understood the task and expressed consistent preferences. Those preferences were related to participants’ age and mammography history but not to measures of their numeracy, subjective numeracy, or demographics. There was considerable heterogeneity in their preferences. Conclusions Members of the public can be engaged more fully in informing future screening guidelines if they evaluate the screening options characterized by the expected health outcomes expressed in quantitative terms. We offer and evaluate such a procedure, in terms of its construct validity with a diverse sample of women. Highlights A novel survey method for eliciting lay preferences for breast cancer screening is proposed and evaluated in terms of its construct validity. Participants were generally insensitive to irrelevant task features (e.g., order of presentation) and sensitive to relevant ones (e.g., quantitative estimates of breast cancer risk, harms from screening). The proposed method elicits lay preferences in terms that can inform future screening guidelines, potentially improving communication between the public and policy makers.
Irreversibility of Pulmonary Fibrosis

Pulmonary fibrosis, a kind of terminal pathological changes in the lung, is caused by aberrant wound healing, deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), and eventually replacement of lung parenchyma by ECM. Pulmonary fibrosis induced by acute lung injury and some diseases is reversible under treatment. While idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is persistent and irreversible even after treatment. Currently, the pathogenesis of irreversible pulmonary fibrosis is not fully elucidated. The known factors associated with the development of irreversible fibrosis include apoptosis resistance of (myo)fibroblasts, dysfunction of pulmonary vessel, cell mitochondria and autophagy, aberrant epithelia hyperplasia and lipid metabolism disorder. In this review, other than a brief introduction of reversible pulmonary fibrosis, we focus on the underlying pathogenesis of irreversible pulmonary fibrosis from the above aspects as well as preclinical disease models, and also suggest directions for future studies.
The impact of saturation phenomena on over current relay in electrical intelligent network

During the past two decades, advances in technologies and protective relays structure as well as converting relays from analog to digital or intelligent, have influenced design guidelines in high voltage posts. Over current relays are the simplest ones which are capable of being structured by digital concepts. Saturation in current transformers, non-feeding, and stimulation of protective relays are along the major protective problems in power plants and high voltage posts. In this paper, through converting relays to analog or digital, we could made them intelligent against saturation in current transformers. Also, relays worked as needed.
Atrial Fibrillation Underlies Cardiomyocyte Senescence and Contributes to Deleterious Atrial Remodeling during Disease Progression

Accelerated senescence is triggered by key mediators of arrhythmogenic substrates and contributes to atrial fibrillation (AF). We sought to understand senescence in AF and the extent to which it aggravates the AF process. Twenty-six AF patients undergoing open-heart surgery were included, and 12 patients with sinus rhythm served as controls. Another cohort included 120 consecutive persistent AF patients with valvular heart diseases. HL-1 atrial myocytes were tachypaced (TP) to simulate experimental AF. Compared with sinus rhythm, left atrial appendages (LAAs) with AF presented a significantly increased positive area of cellular senescence, with upregulated expression of p16, p21 and p53. Next, p21 mRNA was increased in patients with AF recurrence compared with that in patients without recurrence. In multivariate analysis, p21 (OR: 2.97; 95% CI: 1.65-5.34; P<0.001) was a significant independent predictor of AF early recurrence. Interestingly, TP induced HL-1 atrial myocyte senescence in vitro, accompanied by a marked increase in the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and altered the expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-related proteins. Suppression of p21 by siRNA reduced TP induced cell senescence and IL-1β, IL-6 elevation, and partly changed SR-related proteins expression. Moreover, we show that the level of γH2AX, a marker of DNA damage, was higher in AF patients than in sinus rhythm controls. Similarly, an increase in γH2AX levels was observed following TP. AF underlies cardiomyocyte senescence and contributes to deleterious atrial remodeling during disease progression. This finding may help facilitate the search for new therapeutic approaches for antiaging therapy for AF.
A comprehensive review on health benefits, nutritional composition and processed products of camel milk

ABSTRACT Camel milk has been regarded as a potential nutritional and therapeutic food source across various arid and semi-arid regions. Camel milk composition is comparable to cow milk with predominant medium-chain fatty acids in fat, low lactose, and abundant vitamin C and iron. Consumption of camel milk and its products are presumed to be associated with antidiabetic, anti-cancerous, anti-hypertensive and many other health benefiting properties. Different in vitro and in vivo studies on camel milk have revealed various underlying mechanisms such as presence of bioactive proteins (lactoferrin, immunoglobulins, lactoperoxidases, etc.) as well as generation of various bioactive peptides upon digestion as possible scientific rationale for its health benefiting properties. Camel milk is currently processed into different fermented and non-fermented products, however, major commercially important products processed from bovine milk (yogurt and cheese) has not been processed successfully from camel milk till date. Therapeutic values of camel milk offer an extra advantage for its utilization in production of different functional food products. As such this review aims to present detailed compositional analysis, status of various feasible products from camel milk and the comprehensive discussion on the various health beneficial properties associated with camel milk and its components.
Hybrid Neural Network Modeling for Multiple Intersections along Signalized Arterials - Current Situation and Some New Results

—Traffic flow along signalized arterials is a dynamic, nonlinear, and stochastic system in which the relationship between the signal timing plan and traffic delays is too complicated to be modeled using first principles approaches. With advances in sensing technologies, various data sets are available, allowing effective data-driven modeling to be conducted for further controller design. In this keynote paper, a Hybrid Neural Network (HNN) is proposed to model the multiple intersections along a signalized arterial in Honolulu, in which both modeling structure and the relevant training algorithms have been developed. HNN modeling using real data has shown a set of promising results, with dynamic model performance assessed using model error Probability Density Function (PDF). A simple HNN model can easily be used as a starting point for an artificial intelligence–based closed-loop control design that controls the signal timing to reduce the traffic delay.
Stochastic dominance for project screening and selection under uncertainty

At any given moment, engineering and chemical companies have a host of projects that they are either trying to screen to advance to the next stage of research or select from for implementation. These choices could range from a relative few, like the expansion of production capacity of a particular plant, to a large number, such as the screening for candidate compounds for the active pharmaceutical ingredient in a drug development program. This choice problem is very often further complicated by the presence of uncertainty in the project outcomes and introduces an element of risk into the screening or decision process. It is the task of the process designer to prune the set of available options, or in some cases, generate a set of possible choices, in the presence of such uncertainties to provide recommendations that are in line with the objectives of the ultimate decision maker. Screening and decision rules already exist that do this but the problem with most of them is that they add more assumptions to the structure of the preferences of the decision maker, or to the form of the uncertain distribution that characterizes the project outcome, than is known at the time. These challenges may lead to the screening out of viable alternatives and may ultimately lead to the selection of inferior projects. This thesis aims to demonstrate the applicability of Stochastic Dominance as method that can overcome these obstacles. Stochastic Dominance has been shown to be a general method for incorporating risk preferences into the decision-making process. It is consistent with classical decision theory, it makes minimal assumptions of the structure of the utility functions of the decision makers and of the nature of the distributions of the uncertainty and under certain conditions can be shown to be equivalent to the other objectives. In this work, an up-to-date review and an implementation framework for Stochastic Dominance is presented. The performance of the method relative to some of the other screening and decision objectives is examined in the light of three case studies: the design of a reactor-separator system for the production of a chemical, the selection of a crop for biomass production and the design of a biomass to liquids process. The limitations of the method are also discussed together with suggestions for how they can be overcome to make the method more e↵ective.
Parallel Hybrid Three-Phase Inverter with Direct Current Control and Current Error Compensation

In this paper a novel two-parallel inverter topology is introduced which combines the advantages of conventional power switches (e.g. IGBT's) with the benefits of up-to-date power switches (e.g. SiC-MOSFET's) to reduce harmonics and thus achieving an ideal output current. The common FPGA based control algorithm utilizes one inverter for carrying the major load current, while the other inverter is only used for current error compensation. A mathematical representation, a simulation of the system and first measurement results act as proof of concept and as basis for a practical implementation.
Parametrisation and design of Quadrifilar Helices for use in S-band satellite communications

This paper is a discussion on the Multiturn Quadrifilar Helix Antenna (QHA) with particular focus on its application as a ground station antenna for S-band communications with a Low Earth Orbit Satellite. A ground station antenna without a tracking system requires a “saddle” shaped, circularly polarised radiation pattern in order to compensate for the change in distance between it and the antenna on the satellite. The Multiturn Quadrifilar Helix can provide this radiation pattern with correct setting of the parameters of pitch, radius and number of turns. The QHA was simulated according to the adjustment of these parameters and the results were assessed. The most suitable results were found for the antennas with low to mid range of number of turns, radii less than 0. 22λ and pitch less than 0. 6λ. A QHA with 3 turns, pitch of 0. 6λ and radius of 0. 034λ was suitable for satellite communications. Simulations showed it to have a gain of 6.16dB at 52◦ and -2.25dB at 0◦. Three separate feed networks: a corporate feed network, 90◦-180◦ Hybrid combination and Wilkinson splitter feed network, for the QHA were designed. The antenna was constructed for each feed network and tested. The constructed antennas all had gains less than predicted by simulation. The QHA using the Corporate Feed network had a gain of approximately 10dB less than expected. The QHA using the 90◦-180◦ Hybrid combination feed network had a gain of approximately 8dB less than expected. The best performing QHA was fed by the Wilkinson splitter feed network. It showed good comparison to the shape of the pattern found in simulation but a gain of approximately 6dB lower than expected.
Pengaruh Hubungan Antar Manusia dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Etos Kerja Karyawan pada Dealer Sepeda Motor Honda Armada Tunas Jaya Palangka Raya

Tujuan, - Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh hubungan antar manusia dan lingkungan kerja terhadap etos kerja karyawan Pada Dealer Sepeda Motor Honda Armada Tunas Jaya Palangka Raya. Desain/Methodologi/Pendekatan - Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan Dealer Sepeda Motor Honda Armada Tunas Jaya Palangka Raya yang berjumlah 30 orang dengan teknik sensus. Temuan penelitian - Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antar manusia berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap etos kerja karyawan, lingkungan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap etos kerja karyawan dan secara simultan hubungan antar manusia dan lingkungan kerja bepengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap etos kerja karyawan.
Optical genome mapping reveals additional prognostic information compared to conventional cytogenetics in AML/MDS patients

Cytogenetic diagnostics play a crucial role in risk stratification and classification of myeloid malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), thus influencing treatment decisions. Optical genome mapping (OGM) is a novel whole genome method for the detection of cytogenetic abnormalities. Our study assessed the applicability and practicality of OGM as diagnostic tool in AML and MDS patients. In total, 27 patients with AML or MDS underwent routine diagnostics including classical karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or real‐time PCR analysis wherever indicated as well as OGM following a recently established workflow. Methods were compared regarding concordance and content of information. In 93%, OGM was concordant to classical karyotyping and a total of 61 additional variants in a predefined myeloid gene‐set could be detected. In 67% of samples the karyotype could be redefined by OGM. OGM offers a whole genome approach to cytogenetic diagnostics in AML and MDS with a high concordance to classical cytogenetics. The method has the potential to enter routine diagnostics as a gold standard for cytogenetic diagnostics widely superseding FISH. Furthermore, OGM can serve as a tool to identify genetic regions of interest and future research regarding tumor biology.
Irradiators for measuring the biological effects of low dose-rate ionizing radiation fields

Biological response to ionizing radiation differs with radiation field. Particle type, energy spectrum, and dose-rate all affect biological response per unit dose. This thesis describes methods of spectral analysis, dosimetry, biological assays, and mathematical modeling for determining the relative biological response for low dose-rate fields. The spatial dimensions of optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters make them ideal for measuring dose at a specific location. However the response of these dosimeters varies with photon energy. A method is presented for measuring dose delivered by several fields with photon energies less than 60 keV using these optically-stimulated luminescence dosimeters. This method is confirmed using an ion chamber dosimeter and computer simulation. The construction of 24 Am irradiators for tissue culture and animal experiments using this dosimetry method is also described. The results of tissue culture experiments performed using these irradiators are presented, and the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is determined for two fields with approximately equal dose-rates produced by shielding 24 Am foil sources with aluminum and polyethylene. Biological effects can result from single instances of energy deposition within a cell or from the combination of separate instances, but at low dose-rates biological repair mechanisms reduce the probability of effects resulting from the combination of separate instances. At a sufficiently low dose-rate the effects due to combination of separate instances are negligible. A model of low dose-rate energy deposition within a cell nucleus was developed to determine this doserate. In this model the proportion of biological effects due to single instances of energy deposition within a cell nucleus is described in terms of the DNA repair rate of the biological 'system and the dose-rate and lineal energy transfer of the radiation field. This model also describes the projection of RBE values for fields with dose-rates below this threshold. Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Jacquelyn Yanch Title: Visiting Scientist, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering
The MOSFET-C technique

The MOSFET-C method for fully integrated filters is a mature and proven design technique. Over the last 14 years, it has been used in high dynamic-range, continuous-time, large-volume applications at low and medium frequencies, and recently at frequencies above 100 MHz. The traditional strength of this method has been its capabilities for best power efficiency and best dynamic-range realisations among all integrated continuous-time filters. Conventional and new theoretical support explaining this performance has been presented in detail. The next generation MOSFET-C filters will cover increasingly higher frequencies. Clear experimental and theoretical evidence shows that an extension of this technique to frequencies approaching 1 GHz is within reach. The crucial IC technology advancement enabling this development is the advent of very high speed, inexpensive BiCMOS. The MOSFET-C method is ideally suited for this technology. It uses MOS transistors for obtaining tuned analogue cells with the largest possible on-chip dynamic range for a given power dissipation, and bipolar transistors for obtaining amplifiers with the largest possible on-chip gain-bandwidth product.
Effects of variability and rate on battery charge storage and lifespan

The growing prevalence of hybrid and electric vehicles, intermittent renewable energy sources, and other complex power systems has triggered a rapid increase in demand for energy storage. Unlike portable electronic devices, whose batteries can be recharged according to a pre-determined protocol simply by plugging them into the wall, many of these applications are characterized by highly variable charge and demand profiles. The central objective of this work is to assess the impact of power distribution and frequency on battery behavior in order to improve overall system efficiency and lifespan in these variable power applications. We first develop and experimentally verify a model to describe the trade-off between battery charging power and energy stored to assess how varying power input affects battery efficiency. This relationship is influenced both by efficiency losses at high powers and by premature voltage cutoffs, which contribute to incomplete battery charging and discharging. We experimentally study the impact of variable power on battery aging in lead-acid, nickel metal hydride, lithium-ion and lithium iron phosphate batteries. As a case study we focus on off-grid wind systems, and analyze the impact of both power distribution and frequency on charge acceptance and degradation in each of these chemistries. We suggest that lithium iron phosphate batteries may be more suitable for off-grid electrification projects than standard leadacid batteries. We experimentally assess the impact of additional variable charging parameters on battery performance, including the interplay between efficiency, frequency of power oscillations, state-of-charge, incomplete charging and path dependence. We develop a frequency-domain model for hybrid energy storage systems that couples non-stationary frequency analysis of variable power signals to a frequencybased metric for energy storage device performance. The experimental and modeling work developed herein can be utilized to optimize energy storage system design and control algorithms for variable power applications. iii
Reabilitação Respiratória em idosos, em contexto de cuidados agudos: Revisão Sistemática da Literatura

Introdução: As alterações multiorgânicas presentes no processo de envelhecimento associadas a uma situação de doença podem intensificar o declínio funcional e provocar uma maior fragilidade cardiorrespiratória. Objetivo: Identificar as intervenções suscetíveis de melhorarem o desempenho respiratório e a capacidade funcional nas pessoas idosas em contexto de agudização. Metodologia: Revisão sistemática da literatura segundo o protocolo Joanna Briggs Institute através de pesquisa nas bases de dados de artigos científicos pela plataforma EBSCOhost, sendo incluídos artigos publicados de 2015 a 2021, através da utilização dos Medical Subject Heading. Resultados: Após a pesquisa realizada foram identificados 144 artigos, dos quais sete respondiam aos critérios de inclusão definidos: quatro estudos clínicos randomizados, dois estudos prospetivos quase experimentais e um estudo de corte transversal. Conclusão: De acordo com os autores dos estudos incluídos nesta revisão da literatura, as intervenções de reabilitação respiratória, como a técnica de controlo da respiração e o uso de dispositivos para treino dos músculos respiratórios permitiram a redução da fadiga, o aumento da tolerância ao esforço e a melhoria dos volumes e das capacidades pulmonares, com resultados favoráveis no desempenho funcional.