Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kombinasi Linier Target Data Untuk Regresi Multitarget Menggunakan Principal Component Analysis

Regresi linier adalah metode untuk memprediksi sebuah nilai (variabel dependen) berdasarkan beberapa input (variabel independen). Permasalahan pada regresi linier adalah beberapa data tidak termasuk ke dalam kategori linier. Sebuah metode bernama RLC diciptakan untuk menemukan korelasi antara data output dengan cara memproyeksikan data ke dalam dimensi yang lebih tinggi. Sayangnya, metode RLC tidak dapat diinvers transformasinya. Selain itu, dengan memproyeksikan data ke dimensi yang lebih tinggi akan menambah kompleksitas dari algoritma pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu, PCA akan digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah ini dengan cara memproyeksikan data ke dimensi yang lebih rendah sembari mempertahankan kemampuan untuk melakukan invers proyeksi. Penelitian ini diimplementasikan dengan bantuan library scikit-learn untuk membuat model regresi dan transformasi data dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Python. Hasilnya, untuk 12 dataset, metode augmentasi PCA mampu mendapatkan nilai error yang lebih rendah dalam 7 dataset dibandingkan dengan RLC dengan rata-rata nilai error 0.3270 untuk metode augmentasi PCA dan 0.4003 untuk metode augmentasi RLC.
FDG-PET versus Amyloid-PET Imaging for Diagnosis and Response Evaluation in Alzheimer’s Disease: Benefits and Pitfalls

In June 2021, the US Federal Drug and Food Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval for the antibody aducanumab and, in January 2023, also for the antibody lecanemab, based on a perceived drug-induced removal of cerebral amyloid-beta as assessed by amyloid-PET and, in the case of lecanemab, also a presumption of limited clinical efficacy. Approval of the antibody donanemab is awaiting further data. However, published trial data indicate few, small and uncertain clinical benefits, below what is considered “clinically meaningful” and similar to the effect of conventional medication. Furthermore, a therapy-related decrease in the amyloid-PET signal may also reflect increased cell damage rather than simply “amyloid removal”. This interpretation is more consistent with increased rates of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities and brain volume loss in treated patients, relative to placebo. We also challenge the current diagnostic criteria for AD based on amyloid-PET imaging biomarkers and recommend that future anti-AD therapy trials apply: (1) diagnosis of AD based on the co-occurrence of cognitive decline and decreased cerebral metabolism assessed by FDA-approved FDG-PET, (2) therapy efficacy determined by favorable effect on cognitive ability, cerebral metabolism by FDG-PET, and brain volumes by MRI, and (3) neuropathologic examination of all deaths occurring in these trials.
Approach to determine measurement uncertainty in complex nanosystems with multiparametric dependencies and multivariate output quantities

In many cases, the determination of the measurement uncertainty of complex nanosystems provides unexpected challenges. This is in particular true for complex systems with many degrees of freedom, i.e. nanosystems with multiparametric dependencies and multivariate output quantities. The aim of this paper is to address specific questions arising during the uncertainty calculation of such systems. This includes the division of the measurement system into subsystems and the distinction between systematic and statistical influences. We demonstrate that, even if the physical systems under investigation are very different, the corresponding uncertainty calculation can always be realized in a similar manner. This is exemplarily shown in detail for two experiments, namely magnetic nanosensors and ultrafast electro-optical sampling of complex time-domain signals. For these examples the approach for uncertainty calculation following the guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM) is explained, in which correlations between multivariate output quantities are captured. To illustate the versatility of the proposed approach, its application to other experiments, namely nanometrological instruments for terahertz microscopy, dimensional scanning probe microscopy, and measurement of concentration of molecules using surface enhanced Raman scattering, is shortly discussed in the appendix. We believe that the proposed approach provides a simple but comprehensive orientation for uncertainty calculation in the discussed measurement scenarios and can also be applied to similar or related situations.
Fast Rates for General Unbounded Loss Functions: From ERM to Generalized Bayes

We present new excess risk bounds for general unbounded loss functions including log loss and squared loss, where the distribution of the losses may be heavy-tailed. The bounds hold for general estimators, but they are optimized when applied to $\eta$-generalized Bayesian, MDL, and empirical risk minimization estimators. In the case of log loss, the bounds imply convergence rates for generalized Bayesian inference under misspecification in terms of a generalization of the Hellinger metric as long as the learning rate $\eta$ is set correctly. For general loss functions, our bounds rely on two separate conditions: the $v$-GRIP (generalized reversed information projection) conditions, which control the lower tail of the excess loss; and the newly introduced witness condition, which controls the upper tail. The parameter $v$ in the $v$-GRIP conditions determines the achievable rate and is akin to the exponent in the Tsybakov margin condition and the Bernstein condition for bounded losses, which the $v$-GRIP conditions generalize; favorable $v$ in combination with small model complexity leads to $\tilde{O}(1/n)$ rates. The witness condition allows us to connect the excess risk to an "annealed" version thereof, by which we generalize several previous results connecting Hellinger and Renyi divergence to KL divergence.
A global analysis of water storage variations from remotely sensed soil moisture and daily satellite gravimetry

Abstract. Water storage changes in the soil can be observed on a global scale with different types of satellite remote sensing. While active or passive microwave sensors are limited to the upper few centimeters of the soil, satellite gravimetry can detect changes in the terrestrial water storage (TWS) in an integrative way, but it cannot distinguish between storage variations in different compartments or soil depths. Jointly analyzing both data types promises novel insights into the dynamics of subsurface water storage and of related hydrological processes. In this study, we investigate the global relationship of (1) several satellite soil moisture products and (2) non-standard daily TWS data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment/Follow-On (GRACE/GRACE-FO) satellite gravimetry missions on different timescales. The six soil moisture products analyzed in this study differ in the post-processing and the considered soil depth. Level 3 surface soil moisture data sets of the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) and Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) missions are compared to post-processed Level 4 data products (surface and root zone soil moisture) and the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI) multi-satellite product. On a common global 1∘ grid, we decompose all TWS and soil moisture data into seasonal to sub-monthly signal components and compare their spatial patterns and temporal variability. We find larger correlations between TWS and soil moisture for soil moisture products with deeper integration depths (root zone vs. surface layer) and for Level 4 data products. Even for high-pass filtered sub-monthly variations, significant correlations of up to 0.6 can be found in regions with a large, high-frequency storage variability. A time shift analysis of TWS versus soil moisture data reveals the differences in water storage dynamics with integration depth.
Special Semigroup Classes Over Some Monoid Constructions and a New Example of a Finitely Presented Monoid with a Non-Finitely Generated Group of Units

Abstract . In this paper, necessary and sufficient conditions are studied for Bruck-Reilly and gener- alized Bruck-Reilly ∗-extensions of direct product of k monoids to be regular, unit regular, completely regular and orthodox. Moreover, we give an example of a finitely presented monoid (generalized Bruck-Reilly ∗-extension of Bruck-Reilly extension of a free group with infinite rank), the group of units of which is not finitely generated. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 16S15; 20E06; 20E22. Keywords and Phrases: Generalized Bruck-Reilly ∗-extension, finite generation, finite presentability. Ozet. Bu makalede k tane monoidin direkt carpiminin Bruck-Reilly ve genellestirilmis Bruck-Reilly *- genislemelerinin, reguler, terslenebilir reguler, tamamen reguler ve orthodox olabilmesi icin gerek ve yeter kosullar calisilmistir. Ayrica, biz terslenebilir elemanlarinin grubu sonlu uretecli olmayan sonlu sunumlu bir monoid (sonsuz rankli bir serbest grubun Bruck-Reilly genislemesinin genellestirilmis Bruck-Reilly *-genislemesi) ornegi verdik. Anahtar Kelimeler: Genellestirilmis Bruck-Reilly *-genislemesi, sonlu ureteclilik, sonlu sunumluluk.
Space of second order linear differential operators as a module over the Lie algebra of vector fields

Abstract The space of linear differential operators on a smooth manifoldMhas a natural one-parameter family of Diff(M)- (and Vect(M)-) module structures, defined by their action on the space of tensor densities. It is shown that, in the case of second-order differential operators, the Vect(M)-module structures are equivalent, for any degree of tensor densities except for three critical values; {0, 1 2 , 1}. A second-order analogue of the Lie derivative appears as an intertwining operator between the spaces of second-order differential operators on tensor densities.
Efficacy of Serum Ferritin–Zinc Ratio for Predicting Advanced Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis

Background/Aims: The search for noninvasive biomarkers that can efficiently estimate the extent of liver fibrosis progression is ongoing. Although Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), the aspartate transaminase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), and the Forns index have been reported as useful biomarkers, their investigation in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is limited. This study aimed to examine the usefulness of these serological indices and a newly developed index in predicting liver fibrosis progression in AIH. Methods: The study analyzed data from 190 patients diagnosed with AIH at our institution between 1990 and 2015. Their histological liver fibrosis progression and clinical long-term prognosis were evaluated retrospectively (cohort 1). In 90 patients, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were compared to choose severe fibrosis cases with respect to existing indices (FIB-4, APRI, and Forns index) and the ferritin–zinc ratio (cohort 2). Results: In cohort 1, liver-related death and hepatocellular carcinoma rates were significantly higher in the severe (n = 27) than in the mild (n = 63) fibrosis group (p = 0.0001 and 0.0191, respectively). In cohort 2, liver-related death in the severe fibrosis group was significantly frequent (p = 0.0071), and their ferritin–zinc ratio was higher (median 2.41 vs. 0.62, p = 0.0011). ROC analyses were performed to compare the ability of the ferritin–zinc ratio, FIB-4, APRI, and the Forns index to predict severe and mild fibrosis. Accordingly, areas under the ROC were 0.732, 0.740, 0.721, and 0.729, respectively. Conclusions: The serum ferritin–zinc ratio can noninvasively predict liver fibrosis progression in AIH and be applied to predict long-term prognosis.
Combined Phosphorus and Water stress Conditions Induce Negative Mycorrhizal Response in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) confer both positive and negative effects on the plant symbionts, depending on the prevailing growth condition. We investigated the effect of concurrent variations in phosphorus and soil moisture on percentage root colonization (%RC), mycorrhizal growth response (MGR) and drought response index (DRI) of SAMMAZ-16 maize variety in timescale. The experimental factors were AMF inoculation (addition or no addition), P2O5 applications (30, 60 or 90 kg ha-1) and water regimes (100% and 50% of the soil’s field capacity introduced after 4WAS). The result shows that the overall %RC was 62.22% at 8 weeks after sowing (WAS) and 71.33% at 12 WAS. With 30 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 application a rate, %RC was significantly higher at 12 WAS than that of similar application rates at 8 WAS. However, %RC was not different between 8 WAS and 12 WAS in 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 application. AMF inoculation tended to equilibrate the shoot growth of the inoculated plants to that of non- inoculated plants that received 50% higher doses of P2O5 under amply watered conditions. Increasing phosphorus application progressively alleviated the negative mycorrhizal response of the plants at the early stage of growth (week 4) and in 50% FC category at the other sampling times. Higher doses of P2O5 application improved the DRI of the maize in both samplings but the trend was more consistent in AMF-inoculated plants. We conclude that AMF inoculation would be detrimental to the growth of SAMMAZ-16 when there is combined phosphorus and water stress factors
Asymptotic analysis of array-guided waves

We develop and apply computational and analytical techniques to study wave-like propagation and resonant effects in periodic and quasi-periodic systems. Two themes that unify the content herein are the guidance and confinement of energy using periodic structures, and the utility of asymptotic analysis to aid computation and produce results that lend physical insight to the problems in question. In the first research chapter, we develop the method of high-frequency homogenisation (HFH) for electromagnetic waves in dielectric media, and apply this to the example of a planar array of dielectric spheres. The theory conveniently describes a range of dynamic effects, including effectively anisotropic behaviour in certain frequency regimes. In the second research chapter, we apply the HFH method to a cylindrical Bragg fibre, and use this to set up an effective eigenvalue problem in which the quasi-periodic system representing the fibre cladding is represented by a single continuous Bessel-like equation. We compare the results with those of direct numerical simulations and discuss how the theory could be developed to aid the study of photonic crystal cavities or fibres. In the remaining chapters, we consider the complex resonances of structures with angular periodicity. We demonstrate the emergence of quasi-normal modes with high Q-factors for the Helmholtz equation in such domains, and explore some of their properties using multiple scale analysis. In the final two chapters, we focus on a particular subset of these domains, and using matched asymptotic expansions show that the Q-factors for certain solutions depend exponentially on the number of inclusions arranged in a circular ring. Finally, we extend this analysis to flexural waves in thin elastic plates, and discuss the possibility of structured-ring resonators based on these solutions.
Disability Identity: Perspective for Policy Formulation

Policies regarding people with disabilities (PWDs) are formulated without PWDs perceptive and often rule out disability identity owned by PWDs. Those policies potentially result in further issues regarding PWDs empowerment. This research aims to investigate about factors that shape disability identity and how disability identity could provide a new perspective in policy formulation. Researchers interviewed seven PWDs with different disability conditions to gain their perspective on their perception of disability identity. Furthermore, data were analyzed to form three factors of disability identity, which are structural factors, personal and social interaction factors, also organizational development factors. This research also explains how disability identity could be implemented in public policy formulation through some aspects that could be considered further in policy regarding of disability and PWDs.
the Boyer-Moore String-Matching Algorithm by Partial Evaluation

We present the first derivation of the search phase of the Boyer-Moore string-matching algorithm by partial evaluation of an inefficient string matcher. The derivation hinges on identifying the bad-character-shift heuristic as a binding-time improvement, bounded static variation. An inefficient string matcher incorporating this binding-time improvement specializes into the search phase of the Horspool algorithm, which is a simplified variant of the Boyer-Moore algorithm. Combining the bad-character-shift binding-time improvement with our previous results yields a new binding-time-improved string matcher that specializes into the search phase of the Boyer-Moore algorithm.
Anatomical Variations in the Posterior Tibial Slope in the North Indian Population: A Hospital-Based Study

Background: The measurement of the posterior tibial slope (PTS) angle is crucial for various knee surgeries such as total knee replacement, high tibial osteotomy, and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. This hospital-based study aimed to determine the average PTS angle in the knee joints of the North Indian population and provided valuable data to aid knee surgeries in this region. Methods: An analysis of 200 plain X-ray films, specifically the true lateral view of both knees in 20-degree flexion, was conducted on participants who exhibited skeletal maturity with no arthritis, tumours, or previous knee surgeries. The PTS measurements were performed manually. The data were analyzed statistically by matching them with variables such as gender, age, laterality, and body mass index (BMI). Results: The study revealed the following findings for the posterior tibial slope in a section of the North Indian population: there was no significant laterality difference (right knee: 12.76±2.35°, left knee: 12.55±2.46°); no notable sexual dimorphism (males: right knee - 12.79±2.65°, left knee - 12.25±2.65°, females: right knee - 12.73±2.11°, left knee - 12.77±2.30°). However, as age advanced, there were significant differences observed (PTS: 14.27±1.28° and 13.84±1.80° in the 18-40 years age group, 11.36±1.76° and 11.31±1.97° in the 41-60 years age group, 10.32±2.82° and 10.56±3.04° in the >60 years age group for the right and left knee, respectively). No significant correlation was found with BMI (PTS: 13.12±3.13° and 12.59±3.14° for BMI <25, 12.88±2.15° and 12.80±2.34° for BMI 25-30, 12.00±2.09° and 11.66±2.99° for BMI >30 in the right and left knee, respectively). Conclusions: The study demonstrated significant variations in the posterior tibial slope based on age, emphasizing the need for individualized treatment in knee surgeries. The research provided valuable insights into normal PTS values specific to the North Indian population, offering regional data to inform knee surgery procedures.
Manfaat Literasi Keuangan Pada Perkembangan UMKM di Lingkungan SMK Sjakhyakirti Kota Palembang

Indonesia memiliki peluang besar bagi pertumbuhan Usaha Kecil Mikro dan Menengah (UMKM). Namun, jumlah UMKM yang banyak masih memiliki keterbatasan untuk berkembang lebih besar. Ada beberapa masalah yang cenderung dihadapi oleh pemilik UMKM, salah satunya karena kurangnya pengetahuan dasar mengenai literasi keuangan yang berdampak pada pengetahuan pengelolaan dasar keuangan pada usaha mereka yang membuat UMKM sulit bersaing dengan kompetitor besar. UMKM perlu memiliki langkah strategis untuk meningkatkan kinerja dan mengembangkan skala UMKM agar keberlangsungan usahanya jangka Panjang. Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan wawancara yang dilakukan Tim Pelaksana Kegiatan Pengabdian, diperoleh informasi bahwa cukup banyak pelaku UMKM di Lingkungan SMK Sjakhyakirti, baik yang berstatus sebagai guru, siswa dan masyarakat sekitar lingkungan sekolah yang belum memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup mengenai literasi keuangan. Untuk itu hal yang bisa dilakukan adalah dengan memberikan informasi dasar dan pengetahuan mengenai pengaruh pentingnya literasi keuangan apabila dimiliki oleh pelaku UMKM terhadap perkembangan UMKM di lingkungan SMK Sjakhyakirti Kota Palembang. Kegiatan penyuluhan ini bermanfaat bagi para peserta untuk dapat meningkatkan kesadarannya mengenai pengelolaan keuangan yang baik dengan memiliki pengetahuan literasi keuangan, sehingga apabila menemui kendala di kemudian hari dalam menjalankan UMKM, maka peserta bisa mengatasinya dengan cerdas
High-temperature sensor based on resonant reflection in hollow core fiber

Abstract. This paper proposes a simple high-temperature sensor, which is fabricated by splicing a section of silica capillary tube (SCT) between two conventional single mode fibers (SMF). The resonance dips in the transmission spectrum resulting from the resonant reflection in SCT shift to red when temperature rises because of the positive thermo-optical coefficient of fused silica. In the temperature range from 200°C to at least 850°C, the sensor with an SCT length of about 25,012.8 μm obtained a temperature sensitivity of 28.97 pm/°C, which is close to theory analysis, 31.49 pm/°C. It can have actual application in high-temperature sensing due to its characteristics of good repeatability, great linearity, simple structure, and low cost.
Comparison between burns weaning assessment program and integrative weaning index as predictors of weaning outcomes

Background: Prolonged mechanical ventilation is associated with negative clinical outcomes that increased risk of mortality and morbidity including weaning failure. Using of indices that combining objective and subjective endpoints predicting weaning outcomes can diminish the risk of weaning failure and complications associated with morbidity, such as re intubation. Aim: To compare the Burns Weaning Assessment Program (BWAP) and the Integrative Weaning Index (IWI) as predictors of weaning outcomes. Design: A comparative study design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted at Neurosurgical ICUs of Menoufia University Hospital, Menoufia Governorate. Sample: A convenient sample of 120 patients who were admitted to the neurosurgical ICUs was recruited. Tools: a) A Semi Structured Demographic Questionnaire, b) Cardiorespiratory Parameters Questionnaire, c) Respiratory Neuromuscular Function Questionnaire, d) Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Results: The majority of the participants in IWI group had a successful weaning rate of 93.30%. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding weaning success rate ( P < 0.006). Also, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the ICU length of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation P < 0.013 & < 0.011) respectively. Conclusion: IWI is an objective index in predicting the outcomes of spontaneous breathing trials compared to the Burns Weaning Assessment Program (BWAP). Recommendation: Critical care nurses should use IWI as a more objective index which can predict the outcomes of spontaneous breathing trials in concurrent with clinical weaning criteria during weaning process of mechanically ventilated patients.
A Decision Tree Model Based on Preference Cost Sensitive

In view of the fact that the existing decision tree models have not considered the decision makers’ preference behaviors during the classification process, these models cannot predict the problems with obvious preference very well. Driven by demand, this paper puts forward a new decision tree algorithm—a preference cost sensitive decision tree (PCSDT). This algorithm introduces the preference degree and preference cost to decision tree. Then, we utilize the effective preference to construct a new attribute selection factor (ASF) and the class label distribution rule for a node. Finally, a preference sensitive decision tree with best preference degree is generated by adaptively adjusting the preference degree. Experiments have proved that the proposed method can guarantee better overall accuracy and performances than other traditional algorithms.