Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identity and Anonymity in Ad Hoc Networks

In ad hoc networks every device is responsible for its own basic computer services, including packet routing, data forwarding, security, and privacy. Most of the protocols used in wired networks are not suitable for ad hoc networks, since they were designed for static environments with defined borders and highly specialized devices, such as routers, authentication servers, and firewalls. This dissertation concentrates on the achievement of privacy-friendly identifiersand anonymous communication in ad hoc networks. In particular, the objective is to offer means for better anonymous communication in such networks. Two research questions were formulated to address the objective: I. How to design proper and trusted privacy-friendly digital identifiers to beused in ad hoc network environments? II. How to provide anonymous communication in ad hoc networks and whatis the performance cost in relation to the obtained degree of anonymity? To address the first research question we studied and classified the security and privacy threats, enhancements, and requirements in ad hoc networks and analyzed the need for privacy and identification. The analysis led us to the relationship between security, identification, and anonymous communication that we refer to as the “identity-anonymity paradox”. We further identifiedthe requirements for privacy-friendly identifiers and proposed the self-certified Sybil-free pseudonyms to address such requirements. The second research question was addressed with the design and implementation of the Chameleon protocol, an anonymous communication mechanism for ad hoc networks. The performance of Chameleon was evaluated using a network simulator. The results were used to find out the trade-off between anonymity and performance in terms of the expected end-to-end delay. The solutions proposed in this dissertation are important steps towards the achievement of better anonymous communications in ad hoc networks andcomplement other mechanisms required to prevent leaks of personal data.
Serum 25 Hydroxy Vitamin D Levels In Adult Asthmatic Patients

Purpose: Patients with chronic lung disease as asthma appear to be at increased risk for vitamin D deficiency for reasons that are not clear. Methods: A cross sectional study including 75 asthmatic adults aged older than 18 years and 75 adults healthy control aged older than 18 years (35 males and 40 females for both groups) assessing the relationship between serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D levels and lung function. Result: In our study only (12? 31%) of our asthmatic adults had sufficient vitamin D levels ( ≥ 30 ng/ml) , wherase (85%) of healthy control subjects expressed sufficient levels. Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) was observed in 59 (78.66%) asthmatic patients (17.28 ±2.4 ng/ml). Deficiency was not observed in controls (33.67±6.3). In asthmatic patients Serum 25(OH) vitamin D was positively correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second % ( FEV1 %) predicted &forced expiratory/forced vital capacity ratio ( FEV1//FVC)(P=<0.05 for all). There was no significant association between serum vitamin D level and eosinophil count. Conclusion: Reduced vitamin D levels are highly prevalent in adult asthmatic patients and are associated with impaired pulmonary functions
Origin-sensitive Control Flow Integrity

CFI is an eﬀective, generic defense against control-ﬂow hijacking attacks, especially for C/C++ programs. However, most previous CFI systems have poor security as demonstrated by their large equivalence class (EC) sizes. An EC is a set of targets that are indistinguishable from each other in the CFI policy; i.e., an attacker can “bend” the control ﬂow within an EC without being detected. As such, the large ECs denote the weakest link in a CFI system and should be broken down in order to improve security. An approach to improve the security of CFI is to use contextual information, such as the last branches taken, to reﬁne the CFI policy, the so-called context-sensitive CFI. However, contexts based on the recent execution history are often inadequate in breaking down large ECs due to the limited number of incoming execution paths to an indirect control transfer instruction (ICT). 1 In this paper, we propose a new context for CFI, origin sensitivity, that can eﬀectively break down large ECs and reduce the average and largest EC size. Origin-sensitive CFI (OS-CFI) takes the origin of the code pointer called by an ICT as the context and constrains the targets of the ICT with this context. It supports both C-style indirect calls and C++ virtual calls. Additionally, we leverage common hardware features in the commodity Intel processors (MPX and TSX) to improve both security and performance of OS-CFI. Our evaluation shows that OS-CFI can substantially reduce the largest and average EC sizes (by 98% in some cases) and has strong performance – 7 . 6% overhead on average for all C/C++ benchmarks of SPEC
Geochemical identification of projectiles in impact rocks

Abstract— The three major geochemical methods for impactor identification are evaluated with respect to their potential and limitations with regards to the precise detection and identification of meteoritic material in impactites. The identification of a projectile component in impactites can be achieved by determining certain isotopic and elemental ratios in contaminated impactites. The isotopic methods are based on Os and Cr isotopic ratios. Osmium isotopes are highly sensitive for the detection of minute amounts of extraterrestrial components of even <<0.05 wt% in impactites. However, this only holds true for target lithologies with almost no chemical signature of mantle material or young mantle‐derived mafic rocks. Furthermore, this method is not currently suitable for the precise identification of the projectile type. The Cr‐isotopic method requires the relatively highest projectile contamination (several wt%) in order to detect an extraterrestrial component, but may allow the identification of three different groups of extraterrestrial materials, ordinary chondrites, an enstatite chondrites, and differentiated achondrites. A significant advantage of this method is its independence of the target lithology and post‐impact alteration. The use of elemental ratios, including platinum group elements (PGE: Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, Rh, Pd), in combination with Ni and Cr represents a very powerful method for the detection and identification of projectiles in terrestrial and lunar impactites. For most projectile types, this method is almost independent of the target composition, especially if PGE ratios are considered. This holds true even in cases of terrestrial target lithologies with a high component of upper mantle material. The identification of the projectile is achieved by comparison of the “projectile elemental ratio” derived from the slope of the mixing line (target‐projectile) with the elemental ratio in the different types of possible projectiles (e.g., chondrites). However, this requires a set of impactite samples of various degree of projectile contamination.
Mycotoxins in botanicals and dried fruits: A review

Botanicals are used in many countries for medicinal and general health-promoting purposes. Numerous natural occurrences of mycotoxins in botanicals and dried fruits have been reported. Aflatoxins or ochratoxin A (OTA) have been found in botanicals such as ginseng, ginger, liquorice, turmeric, and kava-kava in the USA, Spain, Argentina, India, and some other countries, while fumonisins have been found in medicinal wild plants in South Africa and in herbal tea and medicinal plants in Turkey. Zearalenone was identified in ginseng root. Dried fruits can be contaminated with aflatoxins, OTA, kojic acid, and, occasionally, with patulin or zearalenone. One main area of concern is aflatoxins in dried figs; bright greenish yellow fluorescence under ultraviolet light is associated with aflatoxin contamination. OTA in dried vine fruits (raisins, sultanas, and currants) is another concern. There are also reports of aflatoxins in raisins and OTA in dried figs, apricots, dried plums (prunes), dates, and quince. Maximum permitted levels in the European Union include 4 µg kg−1 for total aflatoxins in dried fruit intended for direct consumption and 10 µg kg−1 for OTA in dried vine fruit. This review discusses the occurrence of mycotoxins in botanicals and dried fruits and analytical issues such as sampling, sample preparation, and methods for analysis. Fungal contamination of these products, the influence of sorting, storage, and processing, and prevention are also considered.
Generalized CNF satisfiability problems and non-efficient approximability

We use variants of the generalized CNF satisfiability problems SAT(S) of T.J. Schhaefer (1978) to characterize the efficient approximability of a number of basic NP and PSPACE-hard optimization problems in the literature. In contrast with the recent results, none of our proofs make use of interactive proof systems or of probabilistically checkable debate systems. In particular assuming P/spl ne/NP- or P/spl ne/PSPACE, we show that a number of the optimization problems shown not to be efficiently approximable can be shown not to be efficiently approximable by direct reductions, often of variants of the problems MAX NSF and ambiguous 3SAT. Moreover, often we show this, not only for arbitrary problem instances but also for planar problem instances and for f(n)-treewidth-bounded instances. Thus analogous to Zuckerman (1993), we show that: "Planar NP-complete, PSPACE-complete, planar PSPACE-complete problems, etc. also have versions that are hard to approximate". <<ETX>>
A Carleman estimate for the fractional heat equation and its application in final state observability.

In the paper, we show a global Carleman estimate for the non-local heat equation. To be more precise, let $\Omega\subset\RR^d$ be a bounded domain and $\CO\subset\Omega$ an open subdomain, $s\in(0,1)$. We show that there exist constants $C_1,C_2,r_0, T_0>0$ and a weight function $\alpha:\Omega\to(0,\infty)$ such that any solution $u$ of %consider the following system % \begin{eqnarray}\label{oben1} \left\{ \begin{array}{rcl} \timed u(x,t)+(-\De)^s u (x,t) &=&f(x,t) \quad\mbox{for}\quad (x,t)\in \Om \times (0,\infty), \\ u(x,t) &=& 0 \quad\mbox{for}\quad(x,t)\in \partial \Om \times (0,\infty), \end{array}\right. \end{eqnarray} satisfies for all $r\ge r_0$ and $T>0$ \begin{eqnarray}\label{Carle} % \lefteqn{ \int_0^T\Big[ \int_\Om e^{-2r\frac {\alpha(x)}{t(T-t)}} |f(x,t)|^2\,dx+C_1\int_\CO e^{-2r\frac {\alpha(x)}{t(T-t)}} \frac {r^2}{t^4(T-t)^4}|u(x,t)|^2dx\,\Big] dt \vspace{2cm} }&& \\ \nonumber &\ge & C_2 \Bigg[\int_0^T \int_\Om e^{-2r\frac {\alpha(x)}{t(T-t)}}\Big\{ \big|(-\Delta)^s u(x,t)\big|^2 + \frac 12 \Big|\timed u(x,t)\Big|^2+ \frac r{t^4(T-t)^4}\,|u(t,x)|^2\Big\} dx\, dt. %\del{\\ %&&\vspace{2cm}}+ r^3\int_0^T \int_\mathcal{O} \frac {r^3}{t^3(T-t)^3} \Phi^2(x,t) |u(x,t)|^2 \, dx\, dt\Bigg]. \end{eqnarray} % In order to prove this result, we use the Caffarelli-Silvestre extension procedure. To illustrate the applicability of the result, we prove as a second main result the final state observability of the non-local heat equation.
NFκB gene expression survey in peripheral blood cell of Sardasht warfare agent victims 20 years after exposure to sulfur mustard

1 سانشراك ا ينميا دشر ،يسانش يكشزپ هدكشناد هاگشناد ، دهاش ، 2 خساپ ميظنت تاقيقحت زكرم ،يژولونوميا داتسا هاگشناد ،يكشزپ هدكشناد ،ينميا ياه دهاش ، 3 نارهت هاگشناد ،يژولونكتويب تاقيقحت زكرم ،يلوكلوم كيتنژ راي داتسا ، 4 سردم تيبرت هاگشناد ،يكشزپ هدكشناد ،يتايح رامآ داتسا ، 5 رايشناد خساپ ميظنت تاقيقحت زكرم ،يژولونوميا ه دهاش هاگشناد ،يكشزپ هدكشناد ،ينميا يا ، 6 هدكشناد ،ينميا ياه خساپ ميظنت تاقيقحت زكرم رگشهوژپ دهاش هاگشناد ،يكشزپ ، 7 نازابناج يكشزپ مولع و يسدنهم هدكشهوژپ ،يملع تايه وضع ، 8 اسف هاگشناد ،يكشزپ هدكشناد ،يملع تايه وضع
CONFORHI'l'Y AS A FUNCTION OF PERCEIVED LOCUS OF CONTROL, R.EFERENCE VALUE OF THE PROJVIULGATING GROUP, AND NATURE OF THE PROMULGATED MATERIAIJ

••••••••. •••. ••. •••••••••••••••. •• v Ir1troduction . •. ••. ••••••. •. ••. •••••••••••. • 1 Method ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8 ResuJ~ t . s •• o ••••••••••••••••••••••• o c ••••••• 14 Disct.1ssion ••••••••••••••••••. ••••••••••••• 24 Ref e.rences •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 31 Apper1dix •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 33
Particle Characterization: Light Scattering Methods

Preface. Acknowledgements. 1. Particle Characterization - An Overview. 2. Light Scattering - The Background Information. 3. Laser Diffraction - Sizing from Nanometers to Millimeters. 4. Optical Particle Counting - Counting and Sizing. 5. Photon Correlation Spectroscopy - Submicron Particle Characterization. 6. Electrophoretic Light Scattering - Zeta Potential Measurement. Appendices. Author Index. Subject Index.
Reversible Enhancement of Reversibly Data Embedded Images using HVS Characteristics of DCT

In the recent, HVS based reversible data embedding is emerging. In a reversible data embedding scheme, in the process of achieving reversibility and embedding the data, it induces some distortions into marked image/video. If the distortions in marked image are random due to reversible embedding, it may not reveal much information about the existence of hidden data; on the contrary, if the distortions are repetitive geometric patterns which arises when an embedding scheme's emphasis is on capacity and reversibility, then the marked media with geometric distortions may reveal the existence of the hidden data. Further, in applications involving satellite images, medical, military, fine arts images, etc. which involves reversible embedding, it requires to show the details for inspection. Due to repetitive geometric distortions as in [6] and [7], the visual quality of image degrades. Hence, there is a need for enhancing the reversibly embedded images. To tackle this issue, if any exiting image enhancement scheme is used, it incur in loss of hidden data as well as the restoration of image to original form is not possible; hence, violating the requirement of reversibility for such applications. To address this problem we propose a reversible image enhancement scheme for reversibly data embedded images by using HVS characteristics of DCT. The experimental results show that the visual quality has been improved in terms of PSNR, PSNR-HVS, PSNR-HVS-M, and MSSIM when compared to S. Gujjunoori et al. scheme [6] and S. Gujjunoori et al. scheme [7], which contains repetitive geometrical distortions in marked media.
Supervised learning for early and accurate battery terminal voltage collapse detection

Rechargeable batteries are critical components in many electrical systems nowadays. One has to ensure reliable diagnosis and assessment of the installed batteries for smooth and safe operations. Assessment of the remaining capacity of a battery is crucial diagnostic information. A battery management system (BMS) needs to reliably report the ability of the battery to supply power or the lack thereof. If the BMS fails to do so at an early stage, this may compromise the health of the entire electric system. When a battery nears a region where the battery state-of-charge (SOC) is low, there is a risk of an abrupt drop in the terminal voltage. An early detection of such a region is crucial; otherwise, the BMS may not have enough time to react. To address this issue, our work provides a novel supervised learning approach towards an early detection of Li-ion battery terminal voltage collapse. No knowledge of initial SOC or battery model parameters is required. This is particularly important as batteries lose their capacity to store charge over time. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated by an early and accurate detection of terminal voltage collapse over a set of discharge tests conducted using multiple batteries.
A Lightweight On-Device Detection Method for Android Malware

Android malware poses severe threats to users, hence raising an urgent demand for malware detection. In-cloud Android malware detection often suffers privacy leakage and communication overheads. Therefore, this article focuses on on-device Android malware detection. At present, on-device malware detectors are usually trained on servers and then transplanted to mobile devices (e.g., smartphones). In practice, on-device training is particularly important due to the demand for offline updates. Because mobile devices are limited in resource, however, on-device training is hard to implement, especially for those high-complexity malware detectors. To overcome this challenge, we design a lightweight on-device Android malware detector, based on the recently proposed broad learning method. Our detector mainly uses one-shot computation for model training. Hence it can be fully or incrementally trained directly on mobile devices. As far as detection accuracy is concerned, our detector outperforms the shallow learning-based models, including support vector machine (SVM) and AdaBoost, and approaches the deep learning-based models multilayer perceptron (MLP) and convolutional neural network (CNN). Moreover, our detector is more robust to adversarial examples than the existing detectors, and its robustness can be further improved through on-device model retraining. Finally, its advantages are confirmed by extensive experiments, and its practicality is demonstrated through runtime evaluation on smartphones.
Treatment of Delirium in Older Persons: What We Should Not Do!

The presentation of common acute diseases in older age is often referred to as “atypical”. Frequently, the symptoms are neither single nor tissue related. In most cases, the onset of symptoms and diseases is the expression of a diminished reserve with a failure of the body system and imbalance of brain function. Delirium is one of the main devastating and prevalent atypical symptoms and could be considered as a geriatric syndrome. It encompasses an array of neuropsychiatric symptoms and represents a disarrangement of the cerebral function in response to one or more stressors. The most recent definition, reported in the DSM-V, depicts delirium as a clear disturbance in attention and awareness. The deficit is to be developed in a relatively short time period (usually hours or days). The attention disorder must be associated with another cognitive impairment in memory, orientation, language, visual-spatial or perception abilities. For the treatment, it is imperative to remove the potential causes of delirium before prescribing drugs. Even a non-pharmacological approach to reducing the precipitating causes should be identified and planned. When we are forced to approach the pharmacological treatment of hyperactive delirium in older persons, we should select highly cost-effective drugs. High attention should be devoted to the correct balance between improvement of psychiatric symptoms and occurrence of side effects. Clinicians should be guided in the correct choice of drugs following cluster symptoms presentation, excluding drugs that could potentially produce complications rather than advantages. In this brief point-of-view, we propose a novel pharmacological flow-chart of treatment in relation to the basic clusters of diseases of an older patient acutely admitted to the hospital and, in particular, we emphasize “What We Should Not Do! ”, with the intention of avoiding possible side effects of drugs used.
Book reviews

Prospects of e-commerce reveal steady increases in its growth and economic importance. Further, the wider notion of e-commerce is named to exert a lasting impact on our understanding of accounting and business practices as well as to the research agenda and colleges’ curricula. Awareness of accounting research on this matter is signalled by the considerable amount of ongoing research projects, the increasing number of papers published in well-regarded research journals, forthcoming research monographs, and organization of specialized workshops and seminars. The realms of education and teaching, however, do not re ect a comparable dynamism. Admittedly, universities and business schools already offer a large number of graduate programmes in e-commerce. Nevertheless, many such programmes target a technological audience and, thus, are dominated by pure technological issues (e.g., security protocols and languages). Regrettably, the role of accounting in e-commerce graduate programmes is marginal or nonexistent. If available, accounting courses mainly intend to expose non- nancial participants (e.g., engineers) to an introductory, traditional accounting approach that largely neglects the actual implications of e-commerce on the accounting domain. In my view, such a touch upon perspective of accounting in the new e-commerce environment is considerably motivated for the lack of comprehensive teaching materials. This book is the outcome of a collaborative project of a university professor of accounting and information systems (Greenstein) and a ‘Big Five’ security specialist (Feinman), and constitutes a serious and innovative attempt to highlight the practice of e-commerce from areas like accounting, marketing and business law. It is organized in twelve chapters and addresses three issues of special importance in the e-commerce environment, namely: security, risk management and control. Security is regarded as a major constraint in attaining a full
Serotonin- 5-HT2A and Glutamate Receptors Gene Expression in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats:Effects of pyridoxine and Aegle marmelose leaf extract

S PRESENTED 1. Pretty Mary Abraham, Jayanarayanan S, Smijin Soman and C. S. Paulose. Oxidative stress affects Glutamate receptor functional regulation in cerebral cortex of Streptozotocin induced Diabetic Rats: Neuroprotective role of pyridoxine and Aegle marmelose. International Conference on Neuroscience Updates, Annual meeting of Society for Neurochemistry organised by Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, CUSAT, Cochin. December 7-14, 2009. 2. Anju T. R, Pretty Mary Abraham and C. S. Paulose. Enhanced 5HT2A Receptors in the Cerebral Cortex of Hypoxia Induced Neonatal Rats: Effect of Glucose and Oxygen Supplementation. 36 ACBICON 2009 National Conference of Association of Clinical Biochemists of India conducted by Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin. 3. Anitha Malat, Pretty Mary Abraham and C.S. Paulose. Serotonergic receptor down regulation in brain stem of Streptozotocin induced Diabetic Rats: Antagonism by pyridoxine and insulin. 78 Annual Meeting of the Society of Biological Chemists (India), held at NCCS, Pune. October, 2009. 4. Pretty Mary Abraham, Amee Krishnakumar and C.S. Paulose. Effect of pyridoxine and Aegle marmelose leaf extract and serotonergic receptor functional regulation in Streptozotocin induced Diabetic Rats. 77 Annual Meeting of the Society of Biological Chemists (India), held at IIT, Madras. December, 2008. 5. Pretty Mary Abraham, Korah P Kuruvilla, & C.S. Paulose. Altered 5HT2A Receptor Gene Expression In The Brain Stem Of Diabetic Rats: Supplementation of Pyridoxine And Aegle Marmelose Leaf Extract. International Conference on Advances in Neurosciences. XXVI Annual meeting in Indian Academy of Neurosciences, held at CUSAT, Cochin. (December, 2008). 6. Amee Krishnakumar, Pretty Mary Abraham and C. S. Paulose. “Enhanced 5-HT2C receptor gene expression in the cerebral cortex of pilocarpine induced epileptic rats: Neuroprotective role of Bacopa monnieri. ” International symposium on Regenerative Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) Bangalore. (January, 2008). 7. Pretty Mary Abraham, Savitha Balakrishnan & C.S. Paulose. Kinetic Parameters of Glutamate dehydrogenase in the Kidney of Streptozotocin induced and Insulin Treated Diabetic Rats as a Function of Age. 76 Annual Meeting of the Society of Biological Chemists (India), held at Sri Venketeswara University , Tirupati, 25-26 November, 2007.