Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
About Six in Ten Survivors of the November 2020 Maikadra Massacre Suffer from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Northwest Ethiopia

Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories of a traumatic event and dissociative reactions. Little is known about post-traumatic stress disorder in low and middle income countries such as Ethiopia where armed conflict, human rights violations, and ethnic-based violence are becoming everyday occurrences. Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and associated factors among residents of Maikadra, North West Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was employed in April 2021. A multi-stage cluster sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. A post-traumatic stress disorder checklist (PCL-5) was used to assess post-traumatic stress disorder through a face-to-face interview. Bivariate and multi-variable binary logistic regression analyses were carried out to examine the association between posttraumatic stress disorder and several demographic and psychosocial variables. Statistical significance was declared at a P-value <0.05. Results A total of 610 participants were interviewed with a response rate of 98.8%. The prevalence of PTSD in this study was 59.8% with a 95% CI of 55.7–63.9. Female sex (AOR=1.93, 95% CI=1.64–3.24), having a close family member killed or seriously injured (AOR=1.96, 95% CI=1.1–3.48), having moderate (AOR=3.35, 95% CI=1.98–5.68) and high perceived threat to life (AOR=3.66, 95% CI=1.85–6.95), having depression (AOR=1.67, 95% CI=1.13–2.47) and anxiety disorder (AOR=1.85, 95% CI=1.21–2.83), and being directly exposed to the event (AOR=3.27, 95% CI=1.09–9.83) were significantly associated with post-traumatic stress disorder. Conclusion The majority of the residents of Maikadra town where the November 2020 massacre took place experienced posttraumatic stress disorder. Female sex, having a family member or a friend murdered or seriously injured, having depression and anxiety disorders and being directly exposed to the trauma were found to be significant predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder. People who have been exposed to such an intense traumatic event need psychosocial support to help them recover from the horrible experiences.
Usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound in children with pancreatobiliary and gastrointestinal symptoms

Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is useful in diagnosing and treating childhood pancreatobiliary and gastrointestinal diseases. However, there are limited data on its effectiveness for various indications. Patients and methods This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of patients who underwent EUS for upper gastrointestinal tract disorders from January 2018 to December 2020 to assess its indications, findings, interventions, and complications. Results Ninety-two procedures were performed in 85 children, (70.5 % male; mean [SD] age 12.1 years [3.9] years) with a mean (SD) symptom duration of 1.1 (0.5) years. The procedures were technically successful in all patients. The primary indication for EUS was abdominal pain in 45(52.9%) and jaundice/cholangitis in 15 patients (17.6 %). General anesthesia was used in 12 (13 %) and TIVA in 80 patients (87 %). The most common diagnostic findings were choledocholithiasis in 21 (24.7 %) and cholelithiasis in 12 patients (14.1 %). Among interventions, EUS-guided cystogastrostomy for pancreatic pseudocyst was done in four patients (4.7 %), and EUS-guided rendezvous for failed ERCP in one patient (1.2 %) with cholangitis. There were no immediate post-procedural complications. Overall, EUS had a meaningful impact on the subsequent clinical management in 69 cases (81.2 %). Conclusions EUS in the pediatric population is safe, effective, and has a meaningful impact in appropriately selected cases. It can act as a rescue in major therapeutic procedures, but adequate care should be taken at the procedural level and during anesthesia.
Assessing service availability and readiness of healthcare facilities to manage diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh: Findings from a nationwide survey

Introduction Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases (NCDs)as well as a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Around 80% diabetic patients live in low- and middle-income countries. In Bangladesh, there is a scarcity of data on the quality of DM management within health facilities. This study aims to describe service availability and readiness for DM at all tiers of health facilities using the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) standard tool. Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted in 266 health facilities all across Bangladesh using the WHO SARA standard tool. Descriptive analyses for the availability of DM services was carried out. Composite scores for facility readiness index (RI) were calculated in four domains: staff and guideline, basic equipment, diagnostic capacity, and essential medicines. Indices were stratified by facility level and a cut off value of 70% was considered as ‘ready’ to manage diabetes at each facility level. Results The mean RI score of tertiary and specialized hospitals was above the cutoff value of 70% (RI: 79%), whereas for District Hospitals (DHs), Upazila Health Complexes (UHCs) and NGO and Private hospitals the RI scores were other levels of 65%, 51% and 62% respectively. This indicating that only the tertiary level of health facilities was ready to manage DM. However, it has been observed that the RI scores of the essential medicine domain was low at all levels of health facilities including tertiary-level. Conclusions The study revealed only tertiary level facilities were ready to manage DM. However, like other facilities, they require an adequate supply of essential medicines. Alongside the inadequate supply of medicines, shortage of trained staff and unavailability of guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of DM also contributed to the low RI score for rest of the facilities.
High-Speed and Large-Scale Electromagnetically Actuated Resonant MEMS Optical Scanner

的大镜子区域的光扫描仪被开发了。 MEMS 光扫描仪芯片用微用机器制造过程和 electroplating 技术，和罐头产生的体积硅被制作在 2.95 kHz 的 ±6 . 8 ° 的最大的光偏转角度有在在 50 mW 的低电源消费下面的空中的 197 的一个优秀因素的反响的频率，当它沉浸于一个常数时 510.2 mT 磁场平行到卷飞机。 另外，为扫描镜子的不到 20 nm 的表面粗糙被测量了，在 1550 nm 的波长的镜子的光反射率高直到 85% 。 结果证明设备能在光通讯满足公里大小的扫描系统的要求。
The impact of COVID-19 and experiences of secondary traumatic stress and burnout.

OBJECTIVE This study examines the relationships between multiple COVID-19 related stressors and experiences of secondary traumatic stress (STS) and burnout (BO). METHOD This sample (N = 550) of professionals and caregivers from a foster care system in the United States completed an online survey regarding their experiences of COVID-19 related stress in multiple domains (disruptions in routines, income/employment, food access, medical/mental health care access, access to social support, worries about COVID, family conflict/violence, and COVID diagnoses). The survey also included established measures of STS and BO. RESULTS A subset of COVID-19 stressors was found to account for 27.4% of the variance in STS and 24.7% of the variance in BO scores in regression analyses. Significant correlates for STS included worries about COVID, family conflict/violence and food access, while only worries about COVID and family conflict/violence were significant in the model testing BO. Part of the sample (N = 64) had participated in a related 2019 study of STS and BO and were included in comparison analyses of these conditions before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results for T1 and T2 comparisons yielded significant increases in STS related symptoms of intrusion and alterations in cognitions and mood, with differences in total STS scores trending toward significance. No significant differences were found in BO scores. CONCLUSIONS These findings and associated implications are discussed for groups of caregivers and helping professionals with preexisting high levels of indirect trauma exposure in a pandemic context. This study provides some guidance on how to identify those at risk for increased distress in their helping roles and considerations for implementing support strategies during a pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Association of Intraindividual Difference in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate by Creatinine vs Cystatin C and End-stage Kidney Disease and Mortality

Key Points Question Are differences between estimated glomerular filtration rate by cystatin C (eGFRcys) vs creatinine (eGFRcr) associated with the risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD)? Findings In this cohort study of 4956 participants with CKD, differences between eGFRcys and eGFRcr identified high- and low-risk groups with more than 3-fold difference in ESKD risk and 5-fold difference in mortality risk. Divergence between eGFRcys and eGFRcr slopes over time was strongly associated with mortality risk. Meaning These findings suggest that among patients with CKD, longitudinal monitoring of both cystatin C and creatinine may be warranted to enhance risk stratification.
Engineered EryF hydroxylase improving heterologous polyketide erythronolide B production in Escherichia coli

In the last two decades, the production of complex polyketides such as erythromycin and its precursor 6‐deoxyerythronolide B (6‐dEB) was demonstrated feasible in Escherichia coli. Although the heterologous production of polyketide skeleton 6‐dEB has reached 210 mg l−1 in E. coli, the yield of its post‐modification products erythromycins remains to be improved. Cytochrome P450EryF catalyses the C6 hydroxylation of 6‐dEB to form erythronolide B (EB), which is the initial rate‐limiting modification in a multi‐step pathway to convert 6‐dEB into erythromycin. Here, we engineered hydroxylase EryF to improve the production of heterologous polyketide EB in E. coli. By comparative analysis of various versions of P450EryFs, we confirmed the optimal SaEryF for the biosynthesis of EB. Further mutation of SaEryF based on the crystal structure of SaEryF and homology modelling of AcEryF and AeEryF afforded the enhancement of EB production. The designed mutant of SaEryF, I379V, achieved the yield of 131 mg l−1 EB, which was fourfold to that produced by wild‐type SaEryF. Moreover, the combined mutagenesis of multiple residues led to further boost the EB concentration by another 41%, which laid the foundation for efficient heterologous biosynthesis of erythromycin or other complex polyketides.
The impact of myosteatosis on outcomes following surgery for gastrointestinal malignancy: a meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION The aim of this review was to evaluate the impact of preoperative myosteatosis on long-term outcomes following surgery for gastrointestinal malignancy. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of the electronic information sources, including PubMed MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL and AMED. Studies were included if they reported the impact of preoperatively defined myosteatosis, or a similar term, on long-term survival outcomes following surgery for gastrointestinal malignancy. A subgroup analysis was performed for those studies reporting outcomes for colorectal cancer patients only. FINDINGS Thirty-nine full-text articles were reviewed for inclusion, with 19 being retained after the inclusion criteria were applied. The total number of included patients across all studies was 14,481. Patients with myosteatosis had significantly poorer overall survival, according to univariate (hazard ratio (HR) 1.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.67-1.99) and multivariable (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.49-1.86) analysis. This was also demonstrated for cancer-specific survival (univariate HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.18-2.22; multivariable HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.48-2.03) and recurrence-free survival (univariate HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.10-1.48; multivariable HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.07-1.77). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrates that patients with preoperative myosteatosis have poorer long-term survival outcomes following surgery for gastrointestinal malignancy. Therefore, myosteatosis should be used for preoperative optimisation and as a prognostic tool before surgery. More standardised definitions of myosteatosis and further cohort studies of patients with non-colorectal malignancies are required.
Immunohistochemical expression of regulatory T cells (CD4+ CD25+ bright FOXP3+) in pemphigus patients

Pemphigus is a series of autoimmune skin disorders caused by IgG. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of CD4+ T cells that mostly block pathogenic immune responses mediated by self‐reactive cells; therefore, a lack of Tregs or a malfunction in their activity could lead to a loss of tolerance and the development of autoimmunity.
OpenModelica-based virtual simulator for the cardiovascular and respiratory physiology of a neonate

Abstract There is a lack of medical simulation tools that can be understood and used, at the same time, by researchers, teachers, clinicians and students. Regarding this issue, in this work we report a virtual simulator (developed in OpenModelica) that allow to experiment with the fundamental variables of the cardiovascular and respiratory system of a neonate. We extended a long-tested lumped parameter model that represents the cardiovascular and respiratory physiology of a neonate. From this model, we implemented a physiological simulator using Modelica. The fidelity and versatility of the reported simulator were evaluated by simulating seven physiological scenarios: two of them representing a healthy infant (newborn and 6-months old) and five representing newborns affected by different heart diseases. The simulator properly and consistently represented the quantitative and qualitative behaviour of the seven physiological scenarios when compared with existing clinical data. Results allow us to consider the simulator reported here as a reliable tool for researching, training and learning. The advanced modelling features of Modelica and the friendly graphical user interface of OpenModelica make the simulator suitable to be used by a broad community of users. Furthermore, it can be easily extended to simulate many clinical scenarios.
The dual-detection mode and improved photoresponse of IGZO-based photodetectors by interfacing with water-soluble biomaterials

The use of conventional fabrication methods rapidly developed the performance and notable enhancements of optoelectronic devices. However, it proved challenging to develop and demonstrate stable optoelectronic devices with biodegradability and biocompatibility properties towards sustainable development and extensive applications. This study incorporates a water-soluble Cr-phycoerythrin (Cr-PE) biomaterial to observe its optical and electronic properties effects on the pristine indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO)-based photodetector. The fabricated photodetector demonstrates an extended absorption detection region, enhanced optoelectronic performance, and switchable function properties. The resulting photocurrent and responsivity of the IGZO/Cr-PE structure have increased by 5.7 and 7.1 times as compared to the pristine IGZO photodetector. It was also observed that the photodetector could operate in UV and UV–visible with enhanced optical properties by effectively adding the water-soluble Cr-PE. Also, the sensing region of IGZO photodetector becomes changeable. It exhibits switchable dual detection by alternatively dripping and removing the Cr-PE on the IGZO layer. Different measurement parameters such as detectivity, repeatability, and sensitivity are highlighted to effectively prove the advantage of including Cr-PE on the photodetector structure. This study contributes to understanding the potential functions in improving optoelectronic devices through an environmental-friendly method.
Quantification of Quality of Work-Life in Machining Industry in Indian Scenario

This article is the outcome of an exploratory research, carried out to quantify the quality of work-life in the machining industry in India. A quantification model has been developed which can be easily understood and implemented by entrepreneurs. The basic concept of Quality of Work-Life (QWL) -- a methodology adopted for quantification -- has been discussed in detail. The article concludes with the explanation of the model used to implement QWL in an organization.
Kinesin-14 motors participate in a force balance at microtubule plus-ends to regulate dynamic instability

Significance Kinesin-14 motors represent an essential class of molecular motors that bind to microtubules and then walk toward the microtubule minus-end. However, whether these motors can interact with growing plus-ends of microtubules to impact the lengthening of microtubules remains unknown. We found that Kinesin-14 motors could bind to a protein that resides at growing microtubule plus-ends and then pull this protein away from the growing end. This interaction acted to disrupt microtubule growth and decrease microtubule lengths in cells, likely by exerting minus-end–directed forces at the microtubule tip to alter the configuration of the growing microtubule plus-end. This work demonstrates general principles for the diverse roles that force-generating molecular motors can play in regulating cellular processes. Kinesin-14 molecular motors represent an essential class of proteins that bind microtubules and walk toward their minus-ends. Previous studies have described important roles for Kinesin-14 motors at microtubule minus-ends, but their role in regulating plus-end dynamics remains controversial. Kinesin-14 motors have been shown to bind the EB family of microtubule plus-end binding proteins, suggesting that these minus-end–directed motors could interact with growing microtubule plus-ends. In this work, we explored the role of minus-end–directed Kinesin-14 motor forces in controlling plus-end microtubule dynamics. In cells, a Kinesin-14 mutant with reduced affinity to EB proteins led to increased microtubule lengths. Cell-free biophysical microscopy assays were performed using Kinesin-14 motors and an EB family marker of growing microtubule plus-ends, Mal3, which revealed that when Kinesin-14 motors bound to Mal3 at growing microtubule plus-ends, the motors subsequently walked toward the minus-end, and Mal3 was pulled away from the growing microtubule tip. Strikingly, these interactions resulted in an approximately twofold decrease in the expected postinteraction microtubule lifetime. Furthermore, generic minus-end–directed tension forces, generated by tethering growing plus-ends to the coverslip using λ-DNA, led to an approximately sevenfold decrease in the expected postinteraction microtubule growth length. In contrast, the inhibition of Kinesin-14 minus-end–directed motility led to extended tip interactions and to an increase in the expected postinteraction microtubule lifetime, indicating that plus-ends were stabilized by nonmotile Kinesin-14 motors. Together, we find that Kinesin-14 motors participate in a force balance at microtubule plus-ends to regulate microtubule lengths in cells.
Simulative evaluation of idcc in a resource management differentiated services environment

ii Acknowledges I would like to thank my family for the support gave me during the whole six years of my studies. I am also grateful to my professors Anna Philippou and Andreas Pitsillides for their guidance during the last three years of my studies, which gave me the opportunity to write this thesis. Furthermore, I would like to express my thanks to my colleague and friend Chrysostomo Chrysostomou for his helpful feedback and comments. At last I am deeply grateful to my wife Eleni for her moral support and help during the writing of this M.Sc Thesis. iii Summary The continuously increasing use of computers in the Internet, as well as the need from new applications on quality of service, require efficient ways so the congestion in cases where the demand in bandwidth is increased decreases in minimal. For this reason, the quality of service has been turned into one of the most challenging sectors in the research of computer networks in the last years. The result of this research was the two IP architectures for quality of service: the Intserv and the Diffserv. Independently from which architecture will be selected to be used, in order to achieve quality of service we have the need to control the flow in the network. The Resource Management in DiffServ (RMD) is a recently proposed QoS framework that extends the DiffServ architecture with new principles, necessary to provide resource provisioning and admission control. It was developed to satisfy requirements regarding support of large amount of real time traffic on costly leased transmission lines. Integrated Dynamic Congestion Control (IDCC) is a congestion control scheme used for controlling the flow in the network. It offers high utilization of the bandwidth by regulating the rate by which the ordinary traffic is send. This M.Sc. Thesis aim to study and evaluate the performance of IDCC in a Resource Management Differentiated Services (RMDS) Environment. The main objective is to examine the combined framework reliability and robustness and the possibility that it could meet the strict QoS requirements of real time traffic. Some other issues are also examined, such as the implementation of the best effort controller and the use of a function that estimates the number of flows traversing a link. The simulation scenarios were implemented and tested with the use of the ns-2 simulator.
Infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (HPAIV) H5N8 in harbor seals at the German North Sea coast, 2021

ABSTRACT In brain tissue of three harbor seals of the German North Sea coast, high virus loads of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N8 were detected. Identification of different virus variants indicates high exposure to HPAIV circulating in wild birds, but there is no evidence for H5 specific antibodies in healthy seals. Replication of avian viruses in seals may allow HPAIV to acquire mutations needed to adapt to mammalian hosts as shown by PB2 627K variants detected in these cases.
Performance Management System (PMS) In Indian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): A Practical Framework- A Case Study

Case Objective: Small and Medium enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in India‘s economic growth. SMEs operate in a competitive environment and therefore, it is important to ensure that their business is managed more efficiently and effectively. It is believed that performance management framework can help to identify weaknesses, clarify objectives, strategies and improve the process of performance management in SMEs. This study puts forward the Performance Management and Control (PMC) framework (Ferreira, A., & Otley, D. 2005, 2009) as a research tool to test the Performance management system in India‘s Small and medium enterprises, engaged in manufacturing activities. Some studies reveal that there is no proper/formal process of PMS adopted in some enterprises, but our findings suggest existence of well-established PMS. Methodology: A case study approach was adopted where in PMS of an SME engaged in manufacturing activity was captured. In-depth interviews were held with the managers (top level and middle level) and information was sought about the existence of PMS at their unit. Literature review helped to identify the existence of the framework (Ferreira, A., & Otley, D. 2005, 2009), this framework was taken/identified as tool to test whether the same works in the PMS of the unit under study. Research limitation: This paper is based on the findings from analysing single manufacturing unit in Goa (India). Originality/Value: This paper is useful for both researchers and practitioners because it explores and identify the factors in the use of performance management systems area in the Indian SMEs context.