Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Functional Iteration Technique for Solving the Richards Equation Applied to Two‐Dimensional Infiltration Problems

In the solution of nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations, such as the Richards equation, classical implicit schemes often oscillate and fail to converge. A fully implicit scheme has been developed along with a functional iteration method for solving the system of nonlinear difference equations. Newton's iteration technique is mathematically the most preferable of all functional iteration methods because of its quadratic convergence. The Richards equation, Newton-linearized with respect to relative permeability and saturation as functions of capillary pressure, is particularly aided by this new approach for problems in which saturations vary rapidly with time (infiltration fronts, cone of depression near a well bore, and so forth). Although the computing time is almost twice as long for a time step with Newton's iteration scheme, the smaller time truncation than that of classical implicit schemes and the stability in cases in which classical schemes are unstable permit the use of much larger time steps. To demonstrate the method, heterogeneous (layered) soil systems are used to simulate sharp infiltration fronts caused by ponding at the soil surface.
On the use of the Inverse of the Correlation Matrix in Multivariate Data Analysis

Abstract It is well known that the correlation matrix has a central role in the analysis of multivariate data. The inverse of the correlation matrix, however, also has important interpretations. An exposition of some of the properties connected with the inverse of the correlation matrix is provided and its use in the analysis of multivariate data is described.
Rotation-covariant visual concept detection using steerable Riesz wavelets and bags of visual words

Distinct texture classes are often sharing several visual concepts. Texture instances from different classes are sharing regions in the feature hyperspace, which results in ill-defined classification configurations. In this work, we detect rotation-covariant visual concepts using steerable Riesz wavelets and bags of visual words. In a first step, K-means clustering is used to detect visual concepts in the hyperspace of the energies of steerable Riesz wavelets. The coordinates of the clusters are used to construct templates from linear combinations of the Riesz components that are corresponding to visual concepts. The visualization of these templates allows verifying the relevance of the concepts modeled. Then, the local orientations of each template are optimized to maximize their response, which is carried out analytically and can still be expressed as a linear combination of the initial steerable Riesz templates. The texture classes are learned in the feature space composed of the concatenation of the maximum responses of each visual concept using support vector machines. An experimental evaluation using the Outex TC 00010 test suite allowed a classification accuracy of 97.5%, which demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed approach. An optimal number K = 20 of clusters is required to model the visual concepts, which was found to be fewer than the number of classes. This shows that higher-level classes are sharing low-level visual concepts. The importance of rotation-covariant visual concept modeling is highlighted by allowing an absolute gain of more than 30% in accuracy. The visual concepts are modeling the local organization of directions at various scales, which is in accordance with the bottom{up visual information processing sequence of the primal sketch in Marr's theory on vision.
Model atmosphere and kinematical analyses of early-type stars from the Edinburgh–Cape Survey

We present high-resolution spectroscopic observations of 21 B-type stars, selected from the Edinburgh–Cape Blue Object Survey. Model atmosphere analyses confirm that 14 of these stars are young, main-sequence B-type objects with Population I chemical compositions. The remaining seven are found to be evolved objects, including subdwarfs, horizontal branch and post-AGB objects. A kinematical analysis shows that all 14 young main-sequence stars could have formed in the disc and subsequently been ejected into the halo. These results are combined with the analysis of a previous subsample of stars taken from the Survey. Of the complete sample, 31 have been found to be young, main-sequence objects, with formation in the disc, and subsequent ejection into the halo, again being found to be a plausible scenario.
Combined Spherical Harmonic and Wavelet Expansion—A Future Concept in Earth's Gravitational Determination

Abstract The basic theory of spherical singular integrals is recapitulated. Criteria are given for measuring the space-frequency localization of functions on the sphere. The trade-off between “space localization” on the sphere and “frequency localization” in terms of spherical harmonics is described in form of an “uncertainty principle. ” A continuous version of spherical multiresolution is introduced, starting from continuous wavelet transform corresponding to spherical wavelets with vanishing moments up to a certain order. The wavelet transform is characterized by least-squares properties. Scale discretization enables us to construct spherical counterparts of P (acket)-scale discretized and D (aubechies)-scale discretized wavelets. It is shown that singular integral operators forming a semigroup of contraction operators of class ( C 0 ) (like Abel–Poisson or Gaus–Weierstras operators) lead in canonical way to pyramid algorithms. Fully discretized wavelet transforms are obtained via approximate integration rules on the sphere. Finally applications to (geo-)physical reality are discussed in more detail. A combined method is proposed for approximating the “low frequency parts” of a physical quantity by spherical harmonics and the “high frequency parts” by spherical wavelets. The particular significance of this combined concept is motivated for the situation of today's physical geodesy, viz. the determination of the high frequency parts of the earth's gravitational potential under explicit knowledge of the lower order part in terms of a spherical harmonic expansion.
The quaternionic bridge between elliptic curves and Hilbert modular forms

The main result of this thesis is a matching between an elliptic curve E over F = Q(√509) which has good reduction everywhere, and a normalized holomorphic Hilbert modular eigenform f for F of weight 2 and full level. The curve E is not F-isogenous to its Galois conjugate E^σ and does not possess potential complex multiplication. The eigenform f has rational eigenvalues, does not come from the base change of an elliptic modular form, and does not satisfy f = f ⊗ e for any quadratic character e of F associated to a degree 2 imaginary extension of F. We show that a_ρ(E) = a_ρ(f) for a large set Ʃ of σ invariant primes in F. This provides the first known non-trivial example of the conjectural Langlands correspondence (see Section 1.1) in the everywhere unramified case. The method we use exploits the isomorphism between the spaces of holomorphic Hilbert modular cusp forms and quaternionic cusp forms. The construction of f involves explicity constructing a maximal order O in the quaternion algebra B/F which ramified precisely at the finite primes. We determine the type number T_1 of B as well as the class number H_1 for O, which equals T_1 in our case of interest. We found that for Q(√509), T_1 = H_1 = 24. One sees that the space of weight 2 full level cusp forms for F has dimension 23. The main tools are θ-series attached to ideals and Brandt matrices B(ξ) for an order in B for quadratic fields Q (√m) with class number 1 and whose fundamental unit u has nor -1. (Q(√509) is such a field. ) The θ-series gives a way to obtain representatives of left O-ideal classes and hence representatives of maximal orders of different type. The Hecke action on quaternionic cusp forms is given by the modified Brandt matrices B'(ξ), hence a set of simultaneous eigenvectors for these matrices corresponds to the normalized eigenforms for F. Applying these algorithms to Q(√509), we prove that there are exactly three normalized eigenforms which have rational eigenvalues for all the Hecke operators. We show that for one of these eigenforms f, a_ρ(f) ≠ a_ρ(f^σ) for certain primes ρ, proving that f does not come form base change. We also note that there is another elliptic curve E'/Q(√509) which is isogenous to its Galois conjugate and hence not isogenous to either E or E^σ. We show that a_ρ(E') = a_ρ(f') ∀ρ e Ʃ, where f' is the third normalized eigenform that we found above. This is compatible with the expectation that all three non-isogenous elliptic curves correspond to normalized eigenforms with rational eigenvalues.
The ideal class groups of two cyclotomic fields

It is known that there are exactly two cyclotomic fields with class numbers equal to 8, namely the fields of 29th and 68th roots of unity. We show by elementary methods how to determine the structure of the ideal class groups of these fields. In [2] Masley indicates that there are exactly two cyclotomic fields that have class numbers equal to 8. These fields are Q(D29) and Q(G68), where Q denotes the field of rational numbers, and D29 (resp., p68) is a primitive 29th (resp., 68th) root of unity. Masley remarks that it is known that the ideal class group of Q(G29) has exponent 2 but that the structure of the ideal class group of Q(G68) is unknown. In this paper we show by elementary methods how to determine the structure of the ideal class groups of Q(D29) and Q(G68), given that their class numbers are equal to 8. We let K be a finite extension of Q, and we let L be an extension of K of degree 2. We let a be the generator of Gal(L/K). We let CK (resp., CL) denote the ideal class group of K (resp., L) and hK (resp., hL) the class number of K (resp., L). We shall suppose that hK = 1. LEMMA 1. If a E CL, then a"'? = 1. PROOF. Let N: CL -CK be the map induced by the norm map from ideals of L to ideals of K, and let i: CK -CL be the map induced by the inclusion map from ideals of K to ideals of L. Then a 1 " = i(Na) = 1 since Na E CK and hK = 1. Next we letBL = {a C CLIa2 = 1) andAL = {a C CLIa' = a). If a C AL then a = a I = 1 by Lemma 1, and hence AL C BL. On the other hand, if a E BL, then a2= 1 implies a= a-'. From Lemma 1, a' = a-'. So a? = a, and hence a C AL. So we have proved the following lemma.
Hydride vapor phase GaN films with reduced density of residual electrons and deep traps

Electrical properties and deep electron and hole traps spectra are compared for undoped n-GaN films grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) in the regular process (standard HVPE samples) and in HVPE process optimized for decreasing the concentration of residual donor impurities (improved HVPE samples). It is shown that the residual donor density can be reduced by optimization from ∼1017 cm−3 to (2–5) × 1014 cm−3. The density of deep hole traps and deep electron traps decreases with decreased donor density, so that the concentration of deep hole traps in the improved samples is reduced to ∼5 × 1013 cm−3 versus 2.9 × 1016 cm−3 in the standard samples, with a similar decrease in the electron traps concentration.
Spotlight on Targeted Chemotherapy in Retinoblastoma: Safety, Efficacy, and Patient Outcomes

Abstract As the most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood, retinoblastoma (RB) has had a complex journey in its management, following a course from enucleation as the first life-saving treatment to numerous globe-salvaging therapies during the last century. Currently, this potentially lethal disease has achieved high survival rates owing to multidisciplinary management and the introduction of neoadjuvant and multimodal chemotherapy. Therefore, the goal of treatment is shifting toward conserving the globe and vision as much as possible. Up until recently, many advanced cases of RB were enucleated primarily; however, targeted chemotherapy via the ophthalmic artery and management of intraocular seeding by local administration of chemotherapeutic agents have revolutionized the globe-conserving therapies. The added benefit of avoiding systemic complications of cytotoxic drugs resulted in these methods gaining popularity, and they are becoming a main part of care in many referral centers. Initially, there were some safety concerns regarding these approaches; however, increasing experience has shown that these modalities are relatively safe procedures and many complications can be averted by changing the choice of the drug and using some prophylactic measures. It is hoped that, in the near future, with advances in early diagnosis and patient-targeted molecular therapies, as well as gene-editing techniques, the patient’s vision can be saved even in advanced RB.
Nucleation and growth of thin films

A review is given of the nucleation and growth processes occurring in thin film formation. Emphasis is given to quantitative nucleation theories and to the role of electron microscopy and surface techniques in providing data to test such theories. The relations between the thermodynamics of adsorption and the kinetics of crystal growth is stressed. Experimental examples are taken from the island growth, layer plus island (or Stranski-Krastanov) and layer growth modes. The shapes of growing crystallites are briefly discussed.
Craniosynostosis, inner ear, and renal anomalies in a child with complete loss of SPRY1 (sprouty homolog 1) function

Introduction SPRY1 encodes protein sprouty homolog 1 (Spry-1), a negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase signalling. Null mutant mice display kidney/urinary tract abnormalities and altered size of the skull; complete loss-of-function of Spry-1 in humans has not been reported. Methods Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data from individuals with craniosynostosis enrolled in the 100,000 Genomes Project identified a likely pathogenic variant within SPRY1. Reverse-transcriptase PCR and western blot analysis were used to investigate the effect of the variant on SPRY1 mRNA and protein, in lymphoblastoid cell lines from the patient and both parents. Results A nonsense variant in SPRY1, encoding p.(Leu27*), was confirmed to be heterozygous in the unaffected parents and homozygous in the child. The child’s phenotype, which included sagittal craniosynostosis, subcutaneous cystic lesions overlying the lambdoid sutures, hearing loss associated with bilateral cochlear and vestibular dysplasia and a unilateral renal cyst, overlapped the features reported in Spry1−/− null mice. Functional studies supported escape from nonsense-mediated decay, but western blot analysis demonstrated complete absence of full-length protein in the affected child and a marked reduction in both parents. Conclusion This is the first report of complete loss of Spry-1 function in humans, associated with abnormalities of the cranial sutures, inner ear, and kidneys.
Peaking and stabilization

The possibility of globally stabilizing, by means of a smooth state feedback, systems obtained by cascading a linear controllable system and a general nonlinear system is studied. In general, stabilizing the linear part with very negative eigenvalues does not suffice to stabilize the whole system, because of the peaking phenomenon: for a linear controllable system it is always possible to choose a feedback that will have poles with a very negative real part, but in general the resulting trajectories go far away before they go to zero. This poses an obstruction to the stabilization of globally minimum phase systems that can be compensated for if the derivatives of the nonlinear part have sufficiently slow growth. Theorems giving sufficient conditions for stabilizability in terms of such growth conditions are proved. <<ETX>>
Multiple Scattering Corrections for Collimating Slits

When a beam of charged particles passes through a collimating aperture, the transmitted beam contains some particles which have traversed some of the material of the diaphragm. The corrections to the effective size of the aperture are estimated. They are found to be very small for protons of energies of the order of 20 Mev but appreciable at higher energies.
Impacto del feedback en el rendimiento de los estudiantes universitarios

Esta investigación pretende aportar datos para determinar en qué medida el feedback influye en el rendimiento académico. Se ha realizado una experimentación con estudiantes universitarios de los grados de marketing y de educación física. Se ha dividido la muestra en tres grupos en función del tipo de información -feedback- que se les proporcionaba.Los resultados muestran que hay correlación entre la información facilitada y los resultados obtenidos. El rendimiento mejora en función de la información cuando ésta es correcta. Estos resultados han de servir para reforzar el compromiso del docente en ofrecer retroalimentación con responsabilidad y rigor.
A Probit Model with Structured Covariance for Similarity Effects and Source of Volume Calculations

Distributional assumptions for random utility models play an important role in relating observed product attributes to choice probabilities. Choice probabilities derived with independent errors have the property of independence of irrelevant alternatives, which often does not match observed substitution behavior and leads to inaccurate calculations of source of volume when new entrants are introduced. In this article, the authors parameterize the covariance matrix for a probit model so that similar brands in the preference space have higher correlation than dissimilar brands, resulting in higher rates of substitution. They find across multiple data sets that similarity based on overall utility, not just attributes, defines products as similar with heightened rates of substitution. The proposed model results in better in-sample and predictive fits to the data and more realistic measures of substitution for a new product introduction.
IMPLICATIONS OF SELECTION FOR LEAF AREA INDEX UNDER DIFFERENT MOISTURE STRESS CONDITIONS ON YIELD IN CORN (Zea mays L.)

: Twenty-one F 1 hybrids of a diallel cross involving 7 elite inbred lines, were grown over 10 environments with different moisture stress conditions. Several agro-physiological traits were recorded including: eighth leaf area (ELA), leaf area index (LAI), ear leaf area (ErLA) and grain yield/plant (GY). All traits were reduced due to moisture stress with the greatest reduction being in grain yield/plant (70.81%) followed by LAI (54.82%), ErLA (43.7%), and ELA (42.3%).
A Psychrophilic GelMA: Breaking Technical and Immunological Barriers for Multimaterial High-Resolution 3D Bioprinting

The increasing demand for tissue replacement has encouraged scientists worldwide to focus on developing new biofabrication technologies. Multimaterials/cells printed with stringent resolutions are necessary to address the high complexity of tissues. Advanced inkjet 3D printing can use multimaterials and attain high resolution and complexity of printed structures. However, a decisive yet limiting aspect of translational 3D bioprinting is selecting the befitting material to be used as bioink; there is a complete lack of cytoactive bioinks with adequate rheological, mechanical, and reactive properties. This work strives to achieve the right balance between resolution and cell support through methacrylamide functionalization of a psychrophilic gelatin and new fluorosurfactants used to engineer a photo-cross-linkable and immunoevasive bioink. The syntonized parameters following optimal formulation conditions allow proficient printability in a PolyJet 3D printer comparable in resolution to a commercial synthetic ink (∼150 μm). The bioink formulation achieved the desired viability (∼80%) and proliferation of co-printed cells while demonstrating in vivo immune tolerance of printed structures. The practical usage of existing high-resolution 3D printing systems using a novel bioink is shown here, allowing 3D bioprinted structures with potentially unprecedented complexity.
KUALITAS SPERMATOZOA SAPI SUMBA ONGOLE DALAM PENGENCER TRIS KUNING TELUR YANG DISIMPAN PADA SUHU RUANG

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas spermatozoa sapi SO yang di simpan pada suhu ruang. Materi yang digunakan adalah semen pejantan yang bersumber dari 2 (dua) ekor sapi SO yang telah terlatih untuk diambil semennya. Semen yang di hasilkan di tampung dengan metode vagina buatan yang dilakukan setiap 3 hari sekali penampungan. Sedangkan rancangan percobaan dalam penelitian terdiri dari 3 perlakuan dan 10 ulangan sehingga diperoleh 30 unit percobaan antara lain: P1 : Pengencer tris (PT) 90% + kuning telur (KT) 10%; P2: PT 80% + KT 20% dan P3: PT 70% + KT 30%. Adapun variabel dalam penelitian ini meliputi variabel makroskopis yakni volume, warna, konsistensi, pH bau). Sedangkan variabel makroskopis antara lain gerakan massa, gerakan individu, konsentrasi, viabilitas dan abonormalitas. Semua data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis of variance dan dilanjutkan dengan uji beda nyata terkecil. Hasil analisis of variance pada perlakuan P2 berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan P1 dan P2 terhadap motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa sapi SO. Hasil ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan level kuning telur yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh terhadap motilitas spermatozoa dengan level kuning telur sebaiknya menggunakan maksimal 20%.
The Socio-Ecological Context of the Nutrition Transition in Indonesia: A Qualitative Investigation of Perspectives from Multi-Disciplinary Stakeholders

Background: Indonesia is undergoing a rapid nutrition transition—a shift in food consumption related to globalization, modernization, urbanization, and economic development—with potentially adverse impacts on diets, health, and the environment. This study sought to understand the perspectives of a multi-disciplinary group of experts on the effects of the nutrition transition on dietary behaviors, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and the food environment in Indonesia. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted online with 27 Indonesian experts, who are either healthcare providers, nutrition researchers, or environmental researchers. Interview question guides were developed based on a socio-ecological framework. We analyzed the data using deductive and inductive approaches. Results: Experts described a disconnect between awareness about and adherence to healthy diets among Indonesians. They highlighted a marked generational divide in food preferences between the younger population (<40y) and older population (40y+), due to the nutrition transition. Experts perceived that the nutrition transition has also resulted in more eating out, which promotes obesity, through the unhealthy menu offerings from restaurants. Experts also implied that traditional diets are no better than modern diets, due to unhealthy cooking practices, especially frying; suggesting that the combination of higher consumption of fast foods and unhealthy cooking practices may have worsened CVD risk factors in the population. Conclusion: Multi-disciplinary experts indicated that the nutrition transition has negatively impacted diets, health, and food environment in Indonesia. Our findings offer potential hypotheses that can be tested using quantitative approaches, to inform policy and the design of programs to reduce the adverse impacts of the nutrition transition in Indonesia.