Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Meddy, spiral arms, and mixing mechanisms viewed by seismic imaging in the Tagus Abyssal Plain (SW Iberia)

Seismic imaging of the water column is used to investigate the relative roles of thermohaline intrusive mixing and stirring (straining and shearing) by mesoscale eddies in the NE Atlantic, in and around a Meddy, and in waters between the Meddy and the coast of Portugal. The images show that mixing is virtually absent within the core but anomalously high in the top, bottom, and surrounding frontal region, as previously found by conventional means. In the immediate periphery of the Meddy, bands of water with numerous reﬂectors consistent with thermohaline intrusions, and with anomalously high mixing rate can be seen. We suggest these may be “spiral arms” of water that was removed from the Meddy periphery by instability or external stirring. The region between the Meddy and the Portuguese continental slope was also imaged, and shows numerous reﬂectors with relatively small slope and strength similar to the reﬂectors found in the Meddy periphery. This is in contrast to the predictions of individual thin ﬁlaments of slope O (f/N) by Smith and Ferrari (2009), and we suggest that eddy stirring in this region produces thermohaline fronts that are acted upon by thermohaline intrusions. Therefore, the cascade of thermal variance to microscale dissipation could involve a partnership between eddy stirring and thermohaline intrusions.
Metabolism of IMM-H004 and Its Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Analysis in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injured Rats

IMM-H004, a derivative of coumarin, is a promising candidate for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. The pharmacodynamic mechanisms of IMM-H004 are still under exploration. The present study was conducted to explore the pharmacoactive substances of IMM-H004 from the perspective of drug metabolism. Four metabolites of IMM-H004 including demethylated metabolites M1 and M2, glucuronide conjugate IMM-H004G (M3), and sulfated conjugate M4 were found in rats in vivo. IMM-H004G was the major metabolite in rats and cultured human hepatocytes, and uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) was found to catalyze the metabolism of IMM-H004 in human liver microsomes (HLMs) and rat liver microsomes (RLMs) with high capacity (V max at 3.25 and 5.04 nmol/min/mg protein). Among 13 recombinant human UGT isoforms, UGT1A7, 1A9, 1A8, and 1A1 appeared to be primarily responsible for IMM-H004G formation. The exposure and duration of IMM-H004G (28,948 h × ng/ml of area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC), 6.61 h of t 1/2β) was much higher than that of the parent drug (1,638 h × ng/ml of AUC, 0.42 h of t 1/2β) in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rats, consistent with the malondialdehyde (MDA) inhibition effect for at least 10 h. Further pharmacological study revealed that IMM-H004G exhibited a similar neuroprotective activity to that of the parent drug on both oxygen-glucose deprivation injured PC12 cells and transient MCAO/R injured rats. These results demonstrate that both prototype and IMM-H004G are the active pharmaceutical substances, and IMM-H004G, at least in part, contributes to the maintenance of anti-cerebral ischemia efficacy of IMM-H004.
La IED en la competitividad del sector hidrocarburos de Colombia

According to UNCTAD report, in 2012 FDI in Latin America and the Caribbean raised to 244,000 million dollars, however South American countries obtained a higher growth of 144,000 million. The sectors that attracted the attention of foreign investors lay on the wealth of oil, gas, coal and other minerals, this has led these countries into economic booms; however Porter ( 2010) believes that “the prosperity of a nation is created but not inherited. This does not grow out of the natural endowments of a country… as classical economics insists. The competitiveness of a nation depends on the ability to innovate and develop improvements to its industry. " The purpose of this essay is to develop a statistical analysis of foreign investment and its relation to the competitiveness of the hydrocarbon sector in Colombia through the hydrocarbons production chain and the empirical application of the Porter diamond in the region of Santander.
Autonomous Communicative Behaviors in Avatars by

Most networked virtual communities, such as MUDs (Multi-User Domains), where people meet in a virtual place to socialize and build worlds, have until recently mostly been text-based. However, such environments are now increasingly going graphical, displaying models of colorful locales and the people that inhabit them. When users connect to such a system, they choose a character that will become their graphical representation in the world, termed an avatar. Once inside, the users can explore the environment by moving their avatar around. More importantly, the avatars of all other users, currently logged onto the system, can be seen and approached. Although these systems have now become graphically rich, communication is still mostly based on text messages or digitized speech streams sent between users. That is, the graphics are there simply to provide fancy scenery and indicate the presence of a user at a particular location, while the act of communication is still carried out through a single word-based channel. Face-toface conversation in reality, however, does make extensive use of the visual channel for interaction management where many subtle and even involuntary cues are read from stance, gaze and gesture. This work argues that the modeling and animation of such fundamental behavior is crucial for the credibility of the virtual interaction and proposes a method to automate the animation of important communicative behavior, deriving from work in context analysis and discourse theory. BodyChat is a prototype of a system that allows users to communicate via text while their avatars automatically animate attention, salutations, turn taking, back-channel feedback and facial expression, as well as simple body functions such as the blinking of the eyes. Thesis Supervisor: Justine Cassell Title: AT&T Career Development Assistant Professor of Media Arts and Sciences Autonomous Communicative Behaviors in Avatars by Hannes Hbgni Vilhjailmsson The following people served as readers for this thesis: Reader Bruce M. Blumberg Assistant Professor of Media Arts and Sciences MIT Program in Media Arts and Sciences Reader Carl Malamud Visiting Scientist MIT Media Laboratory
Nasal carriage as a source of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Study Group.

BACKGROUND The consequences of infection with Staphylococcus aureus can be severe, so strategies for prevention are important. We examined S. aureus isolates from blood and from nasal specimens to determine whether the organisms in the bloodstream originated from the patient's own flora. METHODS In a multicenter study, swabs for culture were obtained from the anterior nares of 219 patients with S. aureus bacteremia. A total of 723 isolates were collected and genotyped. In a second study, 1640 S. aureus isolates from nasal swabs were collected over a period of five years and then compared with isolates from the blood of patients who subsequently had S. aureus bacteremia. RESULTS In the multicenter study of S. aureus bacteremia, the blood isolates were identical to those from the anterior nares in 180 of 219 patients (82.2 percent). In the second study, 14 of 1278 patients who had nasal colonization with S. aureus subsequently had S. aureus bacteremia. In 12 of these 14 patients (86 percent), the isolates obtained from the nares were clonally identical to the isolates obtained from blood 1 day to 14 months later. CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of cases of S. aureus bacteremia appear to be of endogenous origin since they originate from colonies in the nasal mucosa. These results provide support for strategies to prevent systemic S. aureus infections by eliminating nasal carriage of S. aureus.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been utilised in many settings, including in the film industry where it is already changing several aspects of how storylines are conceived (1). Similarly, medical advancements are now seeing a major shift in how AI might influence patient treatments, sometimes controversially so. We explore the transformative role of AI in the field of medicine, highlighting its potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, treatment efficacy, and patient outcomes. We highlight various applications of AI in medical imaging, diagnosis, drug discovery, personalised medicine, decision support systems, prevention, and patient engagement. Furthermore, we discuss the ethical and legal considerations and challenges associated with AI integration in healthcare. Drawing on relevant research and case studies, this paper provides insights into the future implications of AI in medicine.
Comparison of evapotranspiration variables in Evapotranspiration Maps for Australia with commonly used evapotranspiration variables

Abstract The Australia Bureau of Meteorology and the Cooperative Research Centre for Catchment Hydrology released a set of Evapotranspiration Maps for Australia in July 2001 as part of the Bureau’s Climatic Atlas Series. The maps give average monthly and annual values of three evapotranspiration (ET) variables: point potential evapotranspiration (PPET), areal potential evapotranspiration (APET) and areal actual evapotranspiration (AAET). This paper compares the average annual and seasonal values of the ET variables in the ET Maps with three commonly used ET variables, using data from 55 locations in Australia. The comparisons indicate that the PPET is similar to class A pan evaporation and can be used as a substitute for class A pan evaporation. The APET is similar to the Priestley-Taylor ET, except in north-east Australia where the APET is about 20% higher than the Priestley-Taylor ET. The APET in the coastal areas is also similar to the FAO56 reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) and can be used as an approximate estimate of ETo in the coastal areas.
Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Incidence of Cerebrovascular Events: Results from 11 European Cohorts within the ESCAPE Project

Background: Few studies have investigated effects of air pollution on the incidence of cerebrovascular events. Objectives: We assessed the association between long-term exposure to multiple air pollutants and the incidence of stroke in European cohorts. Methods: Data from 11 cohorts were collected, and occurrence of a first stroke was evaluated. Individual air pollution exposures were predicted from land-use regression models developed within the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE). The exposures were: PM2.5 [particulate matter (PM) ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter], coarse PM (PM between 2.5 and 10 μm), PM10 (PM ≤ 10 μm), PM2.5 absorbance, nitrogen oxides, and two traffic indicators. Cohort-specific analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazards models. Random-effects meta-analysis was used for pooled effect estimation. Results: A total of 99,446 study participants were included, 3,086 of whom developed stroke. A 5-μg/m3 increase in annual PM2.5 exposure was associated with 19% increased risk of incident stroke [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.19, 95% CI: 0.88, 1.62]. Similar findings were obtained for PM10. The results were robust to adjustment for an extensive list of cardiovascular risk factors and noise coexposure. The association with PM2.5 was apparent among those ≥ 60 years of age (HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.87), among never-smokers (HR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.88), and among participants with PM2.5 exposure < 25 μg/m3 (HR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.77). Conclusions: We found suggestive evidence of an association between fine particles and incidence of cerebrovascular events in Europe, even at lower concentrations than set by the current air quality limit value. Citation: Stafoggia M, Cesaroni G, Peters A, Andersen ZJ, Badaloni C, Beelen R, Caracciolo B, Cyrys J, de Faire U, de Hoogh K, Eriksen KT, Fratiglioni L, Galassi C, Gigante B, Havulinna AS, Hennig F, Hilding A, Hoek G, Hoffmann B, Houthuijs D, Korek M, Lanki T, Leander K, Magnusson PK, Meisinger C, Migliore E, Overvad K, Östenson CG, Pedersen NL, Pekkanen J, Penell J, Pershagen G, Pundt N, Pyko A, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Ranzi A, Ricceri F, Sacerdote C, Swart WJ, Turunen AW, Vineis P, Weimar C, Weinmayr G, Wolf K, Brunekreef B, Forastiere F. 2014. Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of cerebrovascular events: results from 11 European cohorts within the ESCAPE project. Environ Health Perspect 122:919–925; http://dx.doi. org/10.1289/ehp.1307301
INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION FOR STANDARDISATION ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 CODING OF MOVING PICTURES AND ASSOCIATED AUDIO

This document provides input for the ad-hoc group on 3D Video coding in MPEG. We’ ll describe the ATTEST (Advanced Three-Dimensional Television System Technologies) project, starting in March 2002 as a part of the Information Societies Technologies (IST) programme, sponsored by the European Commission. ATTEST has the ambitious objective of providing a novel concept for a 3D-TV broadcast chain. Essential requirements are the backwards compatibility with existing 2D broadcast and the flexibility to suppor t a wide range of different 2D and 3D displays. This will be achieved by providing depth as an additional enhancement layer on top of the regular 2D transmission. With the combination of industrial and academic partners and the technological progress obtained from earlier 3D projects, we expect to achieve the goal of developing the first commercially feasible European 3D-TV broadcast system.
Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management

Soil tests aid vegetable growers with their soil fertility and fertilizer application programs. Soil tests are most useful when growers keep accurate records for each field that include the amount of fertilizers and other soil amendments they applied, crop yields, and rotations. These records allow growers to determine trends in soil fertility and crop response to applied fertilizers over several years.
DRONEscape: Designing an Educational Escape Room for Adult AI Literacy

Escape rooms have become increasingly popular as a form of entertainment, in addition to being adopted by educators for their effectiveness in improving student engagement and learning. While they have been introduced in various educational contexts, from nursing to mathematics, and for different age groups, including K-12 and university students, little research has been conducted on the benefits of escape rooms for adult learning of artificial intelligence (AI). Furthermore, most escape room implementations lack relevance to real-world situations and challenges with using AI systems in the wild. This study explores the effectiveness of an escape room, DRONEscape, as a tool for teaching AI concepts to Air Force participants. The results suggest that escape rooms can most effectively facilitate engagement and collaboration, and have positive effects on learning AI concepts. This paper also provides considerations for improvements to future iterations of AI-themed escape rooms to enhance learning, collaboration, engagement, and enjoyment.
Spatial association analysis on epidemic of SARS in Beijing, 2003

Exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), newly emerged technique with application of information technology, especially with geographical information system (GIS), can be used in studying objects with spatial reference to effectively perceive and interpret the relationship among them. Sudden breakout and spread of SARS caused a disaster in regional development. It is important to effectively perceive the spatial process and association of SARS for decision making on prevention of SARS. With published data of SARS of Beijing in 2003, spatial process of it had been analyzed. The results indicated that there were two turning points in spatial distribution of SARS. One was the diffusion trend with panic in population; the other was the random outbreak cases trend with effective measures taken. Further more, the trends were also proved with hotspots detecting method used in newly possible cases, as well as random hotspots distribution of SARS cases in loop two and correlated distribution with population and flow of people.
THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS BY DRAINAGE AND REST

Hiram Winnett Orr was born on March 17, 1877 in West Newton, Pennsylvania, where he was raised. After graduating from high school, he moved to Lincoln, Nebraska to live with his uncle, Dr. Hudson Winnett. Dr. Winnett was a busy general practitioner and young Winnett Orr (who did not like the name Hiram) made calls with his uncle and helped with the practice. Orr attended the University of Nebraska as an undergraduate student and went on to attend the University of Michigan Medical School, from which he graduated in 1899. He then moved to New York and spent several months at the Bellevue Hospital. He subsequently returned to Lincoln and joined his uncle in practice for several years, during which time he took a few months off to study orthopaedics with Dr. John Ridlon at Northwestern University in Chicago. This experience made him aware of the plight of children with crippling deformities and, as a result, he worked aggressively with several other concerned citizens to open the Nebraska State Hospital for the Crippled and Deformed in 1905. Dr. Orr served as Chief Surgeon at the Hospital and he maintained a profound interest in the institution for the rest of his life. In 1917 he enlisted in the Army Medical Corps and was one of an elite group of young American orthopaedic surgeons to work with Sir Robert Jones at British Orthopaedic Hospitals. Dr. Orr further developed his interest in treating infections in the medical corps and in France during the war, and came to believe that the application of the principles of Robert Jones and Hugh Owen Thomas would lessen the severity of bone infections seen in the wounded. The principles involved incision, drainage, and prolonged immobilization in a plaster cast without inspecting or redressing the wounds during that time. The classic article presented here imparts his philosophy regarding the Orr Treatment of osteomyelitis in the years before the discovery of antibiotics.
The crustal structure of the Dead Sea Transform

SUMMARY To address one of the central questions of plate tectonics—How do large transform systems work and what are their typical features? —seismic investigations across the Dead Sea Transform (DST), the boundary between the African and Arabian plates in the Middle East, were conducted for the first time. A major component of these investigations was a combined reflection/refraction survey across the territories of Palestine, Israel and Jordan. The main results of this study are: (1) The seismic basement is offset by 3–5 km under the DST, (2) The DST cuts through the entire crust, broadening in the lower crust, (3) Strong lower crustal reflectors are imaged only on one side of the DST, (4) The seismic velocity sections show a steady increase in the depth of the crust-mantle transition (Moho) from ∼26 km at the Mediterranean to ∼39 km under the Jordan highlands, with only a small but visible, asymmetric topography of the Moho under the DST. These observations can be linked to the left-lateral movement of 105 km of the two plates in the last 17 Myr, accompanied by strong deformation within a narrow zone cutting through the entire crust. Comparing the DST and the San Andreas Fault (SAF) system, a strong asymmetry in subhorizontal lower crustal reflectors and a deep reaching deformation zone both occur around the DST and the SAF. The fact that such lower crustal reflectors and deep deformation zones are observed in such different transform systems suggests that these structures are possibly fundamental features of large transform plate boundaries.
Ministerial Mandate Letters and Co-ordination in the Canadian Executive

Abstract Prime ministers in parliamentary systems confront a challenging agency problem in leading cabinets toward cross-government priorities: ministers tend to prioritize departmental interests and may lack incentives and/or information enabling co-ordinated effort. In Canada, a novel mechanism for both increasing incentives and information provision has been developed in recent decades: the mandate letter. These letters are issued by Canadian prime ministers to their ministers, reinforcing government priorities, each minister's responsibilities, and specific policy expectations. This article examines mandate letters as mechanisms inducing interministerial policy co-ordination, focusing on the 2015–2021 period, under Justin Trudeau, as the first Canadian prime minister to release these letters publicly. Using topic modelling and social network analysis, I find that Trudeau has increasingly sought to strengthen ministerial co-ordination and ministers’ focus on crosscutting policy priorities. This case study contributes to our understanding of intraexecutive co-ordination and the agency problem in cabinet government.
Transgenerational responses of molluscs and echinoderms to changing ocean conditions

Pauline M. Ross1,2*, Laura Parker3, and Maria Byrne3 School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus K12, Locked Bag 2751, Penrith South DC, NSW 2751, Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Carslaw Building, Level 5, Camperdown 2006, Australia Schools of Medical and Biological Sciences, F13, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia *Corresponding author: tel: +61 2 45 701306; fax: +61 2 45 701621; e-mail: pm.ross@westernsydney.edu. au
Some Morphometric Parameters of Pomadasys Jubelini in the New Calabar - Bonny River , Porthacourt, Nigeria

The morphometric parameters of Pomadasys jubelini were studie d using 413 specimens from June 2011 to May 2013 using different fishing gears. The length of fish ranged from 9 . 6 0 - 55.3cm (TL). Positive allometric growth (J>1 ) was obta ined for the length - girth relationship with growth rate values J = 1. 2 1 and 2 . 28 for males and females respectively. Correlation coefficients (r) for male and female were 0. 91and 0.82 respectively. "r" was positive for both sexes studies. The standard - pectoral fin s' length relationship sh o wed positive proportionate growth rate (b = 0.27) and r = 0.994. Positive proportionate growth was also obtained for total - pelvic fin's length relationships were b = 4.49 and r = 0.947 . The relationship between the g irth and head length was positive where b = 4.35 and the correlation coefficient r = was 0.678. ( Agbugui, M.O and Oniye, S.J. Some Morphometric Parameters of Pomadasys Jubelini in the New Calabar -
The Relationship between Destination Image, Food Image, and Revisiting Pattaya, Thailand

Destination image and food image are the essences of tourists’ destination selections. The purposes of this research were to study tourists’ perception toward destination image and Thai food image as well as study the relationship between those two variables and the tourists’ intention to revisit. The research was conducted in Pattaya, Thailand. A questionnaire was used to survey 476 foreign visitors by a convenience sampling method. The results demonstrated that the respondents perceived the Pattaya image as; exciting nightlife and entertainment, communicative people, attractive tourist sightseeing and activities. Respondents perceived the Thai food image as; a good cultural experience, unique serving style, delicious, nourishing food, and exotic cooking methods, respectively. In addition, the results indicated that destination image and image of Thai food had a positive relationship with tourists’ intention to revisit.