Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An investigation of fault-based testing using the relay model

Fault-based testing techniques attempt to select test data that detect certain types of faults that could exist in a module. This thesis presents a model, called R scELAY, of how a fault causes a failure, where a fault is a syntactic mistake in the code and a failure is an observable incorrect behavior. A "potential failure" (intermediate incorrect value) "originates" (is introduced) and "transfers" (moves through the program) to output where a failure occurs. "Computational transfer" involves the transfer of a potential failure within a statement. "Data dependence transfer" involves the transfer of a potential failure from the definition of a variable to a use of that variable. "Control dependence transfer" involves the transfer of a potential failure from the incorrect evaluation of a branching statement to a statement whose execution may be controlled by that branching statement. A potential failure transfers from a faulty statement to output along "information flow chains". R scELAY recognizes the possibility that several information flow chains may be transferred along at the same time and models this with "transfer sets", which are sets of chains all of which may be executed at the same time. Identification of transfer sets and recognition of the role of control dependence transfer are unique to R scELAY. This thesis presents three applications for the R scELAY model. (1) We use the model to construct "failure conditions", that guarantee detection of a fault. (2) We use the insight provided by R scELAY to evaluate fault-based testing criteria. Most criteria do not consider transfer of an originated potential failure to output. For those that do, no guidance for transfer is provided. No approach considers the complexity of transfer through data dependence and control dependence. (3) We use the details provided by R scELAY to ask questions about the likelihood of transfer to output for test data that originates a potential failure and about the likelihood of multiple faults masking each other. We evaluate empirical studies and propose further empirical studies in both these areas using patterns of information flow as the basis for such studies.
Characterizing the distribution of injury and injury severity for belted front-seat occupants involved in frontal crashes

Probability distribution curves at each AIS level within each body region were developed for front seat occupants in frontal crashes as a function of crash severity. Multivariateuregression models used data on passenger vehicles 15 years old or newer with no rollover or fire as documented in USA NASS CDS 1998-2007. The 7268 subjects, representing 2.8umillion occupants, had a 6% (95%CI 5-7) probability of sustaining MAIS2+ and 2% (95%CI 1-2) probability of sustaining MAIS3+ in at least one body region, demonstrating the limitedurisk of sustaining serious injuries for belted occupants in frontal crashes during the last decade. Models accounted for occupant's age, gender and height, vehicle's wheelbase, curbuweight, age and model year, deployment of frontal airbags and specific direction of impact. The severity of crash resulted in statistically significant and positive relationships with theuseverity of injuries across all body regions but neck. Older occupant's age also resulted in statistically significant and positive relationships with more severe injuries in most bodyuregions, particularly when evaluating MAIS3+. For the covering abstract see ITRD E143807.
Defining Driver Distraction

Distraction-related crashes impose a substantial cost on society. By one estimate, cellular telephone-related crashes are responsible for $43 billion in costs each year in the United States alone. Some of these costs are balanced by the benefits associated with the distracting activities. As an example, in-vehicle information systems (IVISs) can reduce the monotony of driving and enable people to accomplish other tasks while driving, while keeping in mind that the benefits and distraction potential of IVISs vary widely. An important challenge that designers and policymakers are facing is how to maximize the benefits of this technology and minimize the costs associated with the associated distraction potential. This chapter presents an initial attempt at combining several theoretical perspectives to guide design and policy considerations regarding distraction. The chapter begins with a brief discussion of the definitions of distraction and the underlying issues, and suggests the authors' definition. It concludes by describing the role of distraction as a cause of crashes.
RF Reliability Comparison between DC Stressed and Non-DC-Stressed GaN-on-Si HEMTs in a 1GHz Class F Power Amplifier

Gallium Nitride (GaN) is a wide band gap semiconductor with an energy gap of 3.4eV. The large energy gap of this III-V semiconductor gives it the ability to withstand high electric fields, high operating temperatures, and allows for high power density. These properties of GaN maintain their advantage at high frequencies and are ideal for use in power amplifiers. This thesis discusses the reliability of a GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) used in a class F power amplifier configuration. GaN HEMTs have only been commercially available since 2006 and as a result their long term reliability is still under investigation. The mechanisms that cause device failures and reduced performance are not fully understood and current work continues to produce new theories as to why they occur and how they affect device performance. The mechanisms that cause changes in device performance have been heavily explored in DC studies. These are useful in understanding the mechanisms that may lead to a change in device performance. However, there is less literature investigating how these mechanisms affect the radio frequency (RF) performance of devices. Using the information gathered from literature about DC studies this thesis launches an investigation to observe the RF behavior of GaN HEMT amplifiers that have been subjected to DC stressing. The DC stressing consists of applying a large negative voltage to the gate terminal while connecting the drain and source terminals to ground. The applied voltage is large enough to cause permanent damage to the device. To perform the investigation four GaN class F power amplifiers are subjected to DC stressing while another four GaN class F power amplifiers receive no DC stressing. The performance of the two groups of amplifiers is compared and evaluated. The eight power amplifiers are constructed to output 4 watts of power. The output power and DC bias are continuously monitored for each test. After a DC stress test, consisting of-70V applied between the gate and drain/source terminals, four observations are noted. One, the drain current, and two, the output powers are initially reduced and recover after roughly a 3 hour period of time. Three, when operated for periods of time greatly exceeding the recovery period there are no differences seen in behavior between stressed and non-stressed amplifiers. These three observations happened in all the test runs. Four, a permanent gate leakage current is observed in all stressed amplifiers.
Infrastructureless wireless networks: cluster-based architectures and protocols

An important challenge in the design of wireless and mobile systems is that two key resources—communication bandwidth and energy—are significantly more limited than in a tethered network environment. In addition, the time-varying characteristics of wireless channels make it hard to consistently obtain the same performance. These restrictions require innovative communication, networking, and design techniques for the efficient utilization of the bandwidth and energy. One of the most rapidly developing areas in wireless networks is wireless ad hoc networks. A wireless ad hoc network is an autonomous system consisting of nodes, which may or may not be mobile, connected with wireless links and without using pre-existing communication infrastructure or central control. Ad hoc networking is expected to play an important role in future wireless mobile networks due to the widespread use of mobile and hand-held devices. Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are two prominent classes of these infrastructerless wireless networks. While MANETs exhibit dynamic topology changes due to free node mobility, WSNs have unreplinishible energy limitations. Hence, topology control, Quality of Service (QoS) routing, and power control become challenging issues. We argue that cluster-based techniques coupled with cross-layer design can achieve better performance in this harsh environment. This dissertation supports this claim by introducing strategies for topology control, QoS routing in MANETs, and energy efficient routing in WSNs. First, we develop the Virtual Grid Architecture (VGA), which is a fixed and stable architecture for ad hoc networks that can support efficient routing and network control. We show that although VGA clustering is simple, it is close to optimal. Then, we develop two QoS routing protocols that combine the ideas of cluster-based routing and cross layer design to achieve good performance in terms of delay, bandwidth, and user-perceived quality. These protocols, operating on top of VGA, show improved system call success rate and packet delivery ratio by an order of magnitude compared to general-purpose approaches. Finally, we develop GRASP (Grid-based Routing and Aggregator Selection Protocols), a scheme for WSNs, that combines the ideas of fixed cluster-based routing of VGA together with application-specific data aggregation functions. GRASP is able to enhance the network performance in terms of extending the network lifetime, while incurring acceptable levels of latency in data aggregation. Our studies together show that creating stable and scalable architecture can achieve topology robustness, enhance quality of service, and attain the energy and latency efficiency needed for wireless networks.
Navigating the Social Landscape of School-Based Agricultural Education: A Hermeneutic Phenomenology

Despite decades of research about the agriculture teacher shortage problem, we still know little about the ways in which secondary agriculture teachers assume their roles and responsibilities as members of social and cultural communities. Expanding how we have historically researched this problem is crucial, especially if we hope to mitigate the teacher shortage problem. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use a hermeneutic phenomenology to explore the experiences of secondary agriculture teachers as they navigate, manage, and attend to the landscape of practice in which they live and work. Our specific research questions included, 1) how do agriculture teachers conceptualize the social landscape of SBAE? and 2) how does the landscape influence the way they go about their work? When interpreting the findings through the theoretical lens of Landscapes of Practice, five themes emerged: 1) multiple accountability partners, 2) different people, different expectations, 3) no room for error, 4) arms race, and 5) validation. Our findings illuminate the struggles agriculture teachers encounter as they manage the different people and practices of their work. As a result, we offer implications and recommendations to help propel the profession forward and pose critical questions to further critique current systems in SBAE.
Effective Classroom Teamwork: Support or Intrusion?

The nature of classroom practice is undergoing change as more and more adults are being brought into classrooms in response to such trends as parental involvement and the integration of children with special educational needs. The parents, teachers, ancillary staff and support workers comprising these new groups probabley fail to recognize themselves as teams, but nonetheless they are characterised by the same stresses which mark teamwork in any oter setting. This book is a guide to working together as an effective team, designed to show that they can function together with great success if they recognize that they are part of a team, and employ strategies to minimize chances of failure. Gary Thomas identifies key areas of concern, including poor communication, status barriers and inadequate role definition, and offers guidelines for dealing with these stresses and tensions in teamwork.
Reduced KISS1 expression acts as a predictor for aggressive features of cervical carcinoma and promotes migration and invasion in cervical carcinoma cells

Background Cervical carcinoma causes high morbidity and mortality in patients largely due to its invasion and metastasis. Kisspeptin (KISS1) had been found as metastasis suppressor in many malignancies. But the clinical significance and biological functions of KISS1 in cervical carcinoma was not elaborated. Methods The expression levels of KISS1 were detected by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Methylation specific PCR (MSP) analysis and western-blotting in cervical carcinoma tissues and cells. A eukaryotic expression plasmid was transfected into cervical epithelial cells in order to initiate KISS1 overexpression, and the endogenous was silenced in cervical epithelial cells using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) sequences. Transfection efficiency was validated by western blotting assays. To explore the effects of KISS1 on the metastatic phenotype of cervical carcinoma, the cell proliferation was examined by CCK8 assay, and the cell migration and invasion were detected by cell scratch and transwell invasion assays, respectively. Results We investigated the relevance between KISS1 expression with its methylation and clinicopathological features of cervical carcinoma. Low expression of KISS1 predicts a poor prognosis and was associated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. And methylation of KISS1 promoter, which was linked with KISS1 inactivation, was also found in most clinical samples of aggressive cervical carcinoma. In vitro cervical carcinoma C33A cells, KISS1 overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in cells. While KISS1 knockdown promoted proliferation, migration and invasion in cervical epithelial cell line CRL-2614. Conclusion In summary, low-expression of KISS1 play a suppressive role for proliferation, migration and invasion in cervical carcinoma cells. Its expression and methylation are associated with clinical progression of cervical carcinoma. Hence, KISS1 could be a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker as well as a new target for the treatment of cervical carcinoma.
Modélisation compacte des transistors à nanotube de carbone à contacts Schottky et application aux circuits numériques

Afin de permettre le developpement de modeles manipulables par les concepteurs, il est necessaire de pouvoir comprendre le fonctionnement des nanotubes, en particulier le transport des electrons et leurs proprietes electroniques. C'est dans ce contexte general que cette these s'integre. Le travail a ete mene sur quatre plans : • Developpement de modeles permettant la description des phenomenes physiques importants au niveau des dispositifs, • Expertise sur le fonctionnement des nano-composants permettant de degager les ordres de grandeurs pertinents pour les dispositifs, les contraintes, la pertinence de quelques procedes de fabrication (reproductibilite, taux de defauts), • Collection de caracteristiques mesurees et developpement eventuel d'experiences specifiques, • Expertise et conception des circuits innovatifs pour l'electronique numerique avec ces nano-composants. Mots cles — Modelisation compacte, transistor Schottky a nanotube de carbone, simulation circuit, cellule memoire SRAM, effet tunnel, WKB.
Power-Electronics-Enabled Transient Stabilization of Power Systems

Transient stability of electric energy grids is defined as the ability of the power system to remain in synchronism during large disturbances. If the grid is not equipped with controllers capable of transiently stabilizing system dynamics, large disturbances could cause protection to trigger disconnecting the equipment and leading further to cascading system-wide blackouts. Today’s practice of tuning controllers generally does not guarantee a transiently stable response because it does not use a model for representing system-wide dynamic interactions. To overcome this problem, in this thesis we propose a new systems modeling and control design for provable transient stabilization of power systems against a given set of disturbances. Of particular interest are fast power-electronically-controlled Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices which have become a new major option for achieving transient stabilization. The first major contribution of this thesis is a framework for modeling of general interconnected power systems for very fast transient stabilization using FACTS devices. We recognize that a dynamic model for transient stabilization of power systems has to capture fast electromagnetic dynamics of the transmission grid and FACTS, in addition to the commonly-modeled generator dynamics. To meet this need, a nonlinear dynamic model of general interconnected electric power systems is derived using time-varying phasors associated with states of all dynamic components. The second major contribution of this thesis is a two-level approach to modeling and control which exploits the unique network structure and enables preserving only relevant dynamics in the nonlinear system model. This approach is fundamentally based on separating: a) internal dynamics model for ensuring stable local response of components; b) systemlevel model in terms of interaction variables for ensuring stability of the system when the components are interconnected. The two levels can be controlled separately which minimizes the need for communication between controllers. Both distributed and cooperative ectropy-based controllers are proposed to control the interaction-level of system dynamics. Proof of concept simulations are presented to illustrate and compare the promising performance of the derived controllers. Some of the most advanced FACTS industry installations are modeled and further generalized using our approach.
Hybrid Mode of Medical Image Watermarking To Enhance Robustness and Imperceptibility

In Modern healthcare systems, diagnostic information of patients is managed digitally. Watermarking strategies plays a significant role to ensure the security, authenticity and management of biomedical images and related patient information. This paper explores different invisible Digital watermarking methods both in spatial and transform / frequency domain and then Hybrid method by combining two techniques to justify better results for medical images. Here, host image considered is a medical image and patient’s information is a watermark which is embedded into it. The embedded watermark is hidden in medical host image and its quality should not be degraded to avoid misdiagnosis by doctors. In this paper, LSB, SVD, DCT, DWT and Hybrid techniques (DWT+SVD) are implemented for embedding and extraction process of invisible medical image watermarking. The performance is evaluated based on PSNR as a measure of imperceptibility and CRC & SSIM as a check of robustness. The attacks introduced are cropping, rotating, and noise like Gaussian, Salt & Paper, Speckle and Poisson. Results reveal that DWT provides higher PSNR values but it is robust for few attacks only. On the other side, SVD provides consistent SSIM for all attacks, although PSNR values are less than that of DWT. Hence a hybrid technique is implemented by incorporating benefits of DWT and SVD both and achieved optimal values of PSNR as well as SSIM to provide better security to medical images by preserving the quality as well.
Towards a healthy concept of health.

Abstract This chapter focused on the One Health approach, its definition as well as implications of the definition. In order to aim for a 'healthy' concept one always needs to analyse how the concept is defined and where the boundaries to other concepts are. In everyday work, many crucial concepts such as health are not explicitly defined, rather one uses an implicit working definition. However, in dilemmas when one needs to think whether a certain state belongs to health or not, one needs to start thinking of the explicit definition of the concept of health. Thus, the concept analysis will focus on different definitions of the One Health approach, what 'One' implies in terms of trans- and interdisciplinarity, and how to define 'Health' within the One Health approach.
Progeroid and marfanoid aspect-lipodystrophy syndrome

Progeroid and marfanoid aspect-lipodystrophy syndrome is a rare systemic disease characterized by a neonatal progeroid appearance (not associated with other manifestations of premature aging) associated with facial dysmorphism (e.g. macrocephaly or arrested hydrocephaly, proptosis, downslanting palpebral fissures, retrognathia), generalized, extreme, congenital lack of subcutaneous fat tissue (except in the breast and iliac region) and incomplete signs of Marfan syndrome (mainly severe myopia, joint hyperextensibility and arachnodactyly). Metabolic disturbances are not associated.
Mechanical regulation of bone regeneration and vascular growth in vivo

Delivery of recombinant proteins is a proven therapeutic strategy to promote endogenous repair mechanisms and tissue regeneration. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) has been used to promote spinal fusion and repair of challenging bone defects; however, the current clinically-used carrier, absorbable collagen sponge, requires high doses and has been associated with adverse complications. We evaluated the hypothesis that the relationship between protein dose and regenerative efficacy depends on delivery system. First, we determined the dose-response relationship for rhBMP-2 delivered to 8-mm rat bone defects in a hybrid nanofiber mesh/alginate delivery system at six doses ranging from 0 to 5 μg rhBMP-2. Next, we directly compared the hybrid delivery system to the collagen sponge at 0.1 and 1.0 μg. Finally, we compared the in vivo protein release profiles of the two delivery methods. In the hybrid delivery system, bone volume, connectivity and mechanical properties increased in a dose-dependent manner to rhBMP-2. Consistent bridging of the defect was observed for doses of 1.0 μg * This chapter is currently in press for publication in Biomaterials (DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.03.063). Authors: Boerckel JD, Kolambkar YM, Dupont KM, Uhrig BA, Phelps HY, García AJ, Guldberg RE.