Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Noise in strained Si MOSFETs for low-power applications

A theoretical study of the thermal noise in strained n-channel Si/SiGe MOSFETs (metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors) is presented. The study was carried out using a 2D device simulator based on the hydrodynamic model and the impedance field method, to self-consistently obtain the current noise at the device’s terminals. The analysis focused on the possible benefits of the scaling on the AC and noise performance of the transistor for low-power applications. A pure scaling of the transistor’s gate length is detrimental to subthreshold operation in terms of the minimum noise figure (NFmin), but would lead to lower values of NFmin for medium and high current levels. Scaling the oxide thickness would not affect NFmin in subthreshold operation, but it will be detrimental for medium and high current levels. A combined scaling of the oxide thickness and the gate length mitigates the degradation of NFmin in subthreshold operation when the device geometry shrinks, at the cost of eliminating the NFmin reduction related to the shortening of the gate length at higher current levels.
Fuzzy Logic Intelligent System for Gas Turbine Module and System Fault Isolation

A fuzzy logic intelligent system is developed for gas-turbine fault isolation. The gas path measurements used for fault isolation are exhaust gas temperature, low and high rotor speed, and fuel flow. These four measurements are also called the cockpit parameters and are typically found in almost all older and newer jet engines. The fuzzy logic system uses rules developed from a model of performance influence coefficients to isolate engine faults while accounting for uncertainty in gas path measurements. It automates the reasoning process of an experienced powerplant engineer. Tests with simulated data show that the fuzzy system isolates faults with an accuracy of 89% with only the four cockpit measurements. However, if additional pressure and temperature probes between the compressors and before the burner, which are often found in newer jet engines, are considered, the fault isolation accuracy rises to as high as 98%. In addition, the additional sensors are useful in keeping the fault isolation system robust as quality of the measured data deteriorates.
Application of a Generic Evaluation Methodology to Assess Four Different Chiller FDD Methods (RP-1275)

A previous paper (Reddy 2007) suggested a generic approach for evaluating the performance of fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) methods and proposed general expressions normalized to an ideal FDD method. These expressions were then tailored to large chillers, and specific numerical values of several of the quantities appearing in these expressions were suggested based on discussions with a chiller manufacturer and service companies as well as analysis of chiller performance data from a laboratory chiller. This paper first describes four promising chiller FDD methods (two of which are modified versions of those proposed for rooftop units) and then illustrates their customization using steady-state chiller performance data gathered from a laboratory chiller as part of a previous research project. Subsequently, results of evaluating these four FDD methods in the framework of the generic assessment methodology are presented and their implications discussed. This paper illustrates the application of the FDD methodology and highlights the benefit of the FDD evaluation tool in identifying the most promising FDD method suitable for later field evaluation.
A NEW DATA MINING APPROACH FOR GEAR CRACK LEVEL IDENTIFICATION BASED ON MANIFOLD LEARNING

Gear crack is a common damage model in the gear mechanisms, and an unexpected serious crack may break the transmission system down, leading to significant economic losses. Efficient incipient fault detection and diagnosis are therefore critical to machinery normal running. One of the key points of the fault diagnosis is feature extraction and selection. Literature review indicates that only limited research considered the nonlinear property of the feature space by the use of manifold learning algorithms in the field of mechanic fault diagnosis, and nonlinear feature extraction for gear crack detection are scarce. This paper reports a novel data mining method based on the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and supervised locally linear embedding (SLLE) applied to gear crack level identification. The EMD was used to decompose the vibration signals into a number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) for feature extraction, whilst the SLLE for nonlinear feature selection. The experimental vibration data acquired from the gear fault test-bed were processed for feature reduction and extraction using the proposed method. Study results show that the sensitive characteristics between different gear crack severity vibration signals can be revealed effectively by EMD-SLLE. The energy distribution and the statistic features of IMFs vary with the change of the gear operation conditions, and the most distinguished features can be extracted by nonlinear method of SLLE. In addition, the performance of feature extraction of SLLE is better than that of the linear method of principal component analysis (PCA). DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.mech. 18.1. 1276
Integrative Analysis of Metabolome and Microbiome in Patients with Progressive Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease

Alcohol-associated liver disease is one of the most prevalent diseases around the world, with 10–20% of patients developing progressive liver disease. To identify the complex and correlated nature of metabolic and microbial data types in progressive liver disease, we performed an integrated analysis of the fecal and serum metabolomes with the gut microbiome in a cohort of 38 subjects, including 15 patients with progressive liver disease, 16 patients with non-progressive liver disease, and 7 control subjects. We found that although patients were generally clustered in three groups according to disease status, metabolites showed better separation than microbial species. Furthermore, eight serum metabolites were correlated with two microbial species, among which seven metabolites were decreased in patients with progressive liver disease. Five fecal metabolites were correlated with three microbial species, among which four metabolites were decreased in patients with progressive liver disease. When predicting progressive liver disease from non-progressive liver disease using correlated metabolic and microbial signatures with the random forest model, correlated serum metabolites and microbial species showed great predictive power, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve achieving 0.91. The multi-omics signatures identified in this study are helpful for the early identification of patients with progressive alcohol-associated liver disease, which is a key step for therapeutic intervention.
Research Progress in High Velocity Penetration into Concrete Theory

With the development of the earth penetration weapon, the research interest has gradually changed from low velocity impact to high velocity or hypervelocity penetration. This paper reviews the the theoretic research status on velocity region ascertaining of penetration, the target material properties near penetration cavity and mass abrasion of projectiles in high velocity penetration, and makes suggestions on the future research.
Physical limitations on interference reduction by antenna pattern shaping

The problem of minimizing the signals received from interfering or undesirable signal sources by appropriately modifying the antenna radiation pattern is addressed. The solution is presented in terms of the modal expansions of the monochromatic electromagnetic fields outside the radiating structure, and appropriate optimization of these radiation patterns. Physical realizability of the results is assured by requiring that the allowable fields are derived from nonsuper gain antenna excitations; hence the results represent an upper bound on the performance. We consider two complementary, one-dimensional antenna structures, i.e., a circumferentially symmetric line source of length a , and an axially independent cylindrical antenna of radius \rho_{0} . We consider first the case of N discrete interfering signals and compute the loss in antenna directivity when the radiation pattern is modified so as to place a null at each angular position of the interfering signal sources. The results indicate that if all interfering signals are located outside the main beam, the loss in directivity is negligible. When one or more undesired signal sources are in the main beam, the antenna directivity will be reduced appreciably. It is shown that when uniformly distributed noise is superimposed over the discretely located interfering signals, the same antenna pattern maximizes the signal/noise ratio for those practical cases when the interfering signal power is significantly greater than the uniformly distributed noise source power. It is further shown that introducing noise uniformly distributed over all space is equivalent to adding thermal noise at the antenna terminals, as would occur with the receiver. Finally, the effects of bandwidth on the system performance are considered.
Predictive Model of Adaptive Cruise Control Speed to Enhance Engine Operating Conditions

This article presents a novel methodology to predict the optimal adaptive cruise control set speed profile (ACCSSP) by optimizing the engine operating conditions (EOC) considering vehicle level vectors (VLV) (body parameter, environment, driver behaviour) as the affecting parameters. This paper investigates engine operating conditions (EOC) criteria to develop a predictive model of ACCSSP in real-time. We developed a deep learning (DL) model using the NARX method to predict engine operating point (EOP) mapping the VLV. We used real-world field data obtained from Cadillac test vehicles driven by activating the ACC feature for developing the DL model. We used a realistic set of assumptions to estimate the VLV for the future time steps for the range of allowable speed values and applied them at the input of the developed DL model to generate multiple sets of EOP’s. We imposed the defined EOC criteria on these EOPs, and the top three modes of speeds satisfying all the requirements are derived at each second. Thus, three eligible speed values are estimated for each second, and an additional criterion is defined to generate a unique ACCSSP for future time steps. A performance comparison between predicted and constant ACCSSP’s indicates that the predictive model outperforms constant ACCSSP.
Knowledge Management and Operational Capacity in Water Utilities, a Balance between Human Resources and Digital Maturity—The Case of AGS

Digitalization and knowledge management in the water sector, and their impacts on performance, greatly depend on two factors: human capacity and digital maturity. To understand the link between performance, human capacity, and digital maturity, six AGS water retail utilities were compared with all Portuguese utilities using Portuguese benchmark data (2011–2019). AGS utilities achieved better results, including in compound performance indicators, which are assumed to be surrogates for digital maturity. These compound indicators were also found to correlate positively with better performance. In fact, AGS utilities show levels of non-revenue water (NRW) (<25%) below the national median (30–40%), with network replacement values similar to the national median (<0.5%). These results seem to imply that higher digital maturity can offset relatively low network replacement levels and guarantee NRW levels below the national average. Furthermore, regarding personnel aging index and digital maturity—two internally developed indicators—there was an increase in the digital maturity and aging of the staff, which, again, raises questions about long-term sustainability. The growing performance and the slight increase in digital maturity can be attributed to group-wide capacity building and digitalization programs that bring together staff from all AGS utilities in year-long activities.
Información sin fronteras: Compartición de experiencias sobre bibliotecas y centros de información

Proceedings of the Library Transborder Forum, Chihuahua 2005, "Information without Borders" held in the city of Chihuahua, in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico from 9 to 11 of March 2005, organized by the program of Undergraduate in Library and Information Science, of the Faculty (School) of Philosophy and Letters of the University Autonomous of Chihuahua. [Z.M.M. M, 2007.03. 27].
Effects of Therapeutic and Aerobic Exercise Programs on Pain, Neuromuscular Activation, and Bite Force in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders

Pain in masticatory muscles is one of the most frequent symptoms in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and can lead to changes in the patterns of neuromuscular activity of masticatory muscles and decrease in bite force. This study assesses the effects of three eight-week exercise programs on pain intensity, neuromuscular activation, and bite force of masticatory muscles in patients with TMD. Forty-five patients were divided into three groups: a therapeutic exercise program (G1), a therapeutic and aerobic exercise program (G2), and an aerobic exercise program (G3). The masticatory muscles’ pain was evaluated using the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), surface electromyographic (sEMG) activity of the masseter was recorded during maximum voluntary contraction and at rest, and bite force was evaluated using a dynamometer. These parameters were evaluated twice at baseline (A01/A02), at the end of the eight-week intervention period (A1), and 8–12 weeks after the end of the intervention (A2). After intervention, G2 showed the best results, with a significantly decrease in masticatory muscles’ pain and increase in bite force. These results suggest that interventions to reduce pain in patients with TMD should be multimodal.
Critical success factors and problems in ISO 9000 maintenance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to try to identify the critical success factors and problems in ISO 9000 maintenance during the post‐certification period. Much of the published work on issues associated with ISO 9000 certification in the quality management journals focuses on how to obtain certification and the impact of certification on ISO‐certified organisations. Thus, studies do not generally address what happens after the organisations have obtained their certification.Design/methodology/approach – In total, 14 face‐to‐face interviews were conducted over a period of seven weeks with top management, middle management, lower management in charge of operations and quality, and the management representative responsible for the implementation of ISO 9000 in the case study organisation (XYZ). Each interview lasted between 1.5 and 2 hours. ISO documents were also reviewed as part of the data gathering process.Findings – The results showed that people who comprise top management, other employees, the .
Robots as social mediators: a study ‘in the wild’

— In this paper we present the results of an observational study on human-robot interaction conducted in a natural setting with the objective to focus the analysis not just on behavioral aspects of the interaction like usability and “being in control” of the object while using it. On the contrary we concentrated on the full experience which involves not only interaction with the robot, but also the human-human exchanges mediated or enhanced by a social robot, including dialogues, emotional exchanges, sharing of memories, meaning construction.
Adaptive Modulation with Adaptive Pilot Symbol Assisted Estimation and Prediction of Rapidly Fading Channels

Adaptive modulation requires channel state information (CSI) at both transmitter and re- ceiver. In practice, CSI can be acquired at the re- ceiver by inserting pilot symbols in the transmitted signal. Inthispaper,weflrstanalyzetheefiectchan- nel estimation and prediction errors have on bit er- ror rate (BER). Based on this analysis, we develop adaptive pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) schemesthataccountforbothchannelestimationand predictionerrorstomeetthetargetBER.Whilepilot symbols facilitate channel acquisition, they consume part of transmitted power and bandwidth, which in turnreducesspectrale-ciency. Withimperfect(and thus partial) CSI available at the transmitter and receiver, two questions arise naturally: how often should pilot symbols be transmitted? and how much power should be allocated to pilot symbols? We ad- dress these two questions by optimizing pilot param- eters to maximize spectral e-ciency.
A holistic approach to the maintenance “problem”

Modern production machines require a new approach towards the maintenance “problem”. Maintenance engineers realise this and are eager to implement new philosophies/ techniques/methodologies that come available. The problem is that most of these are part solutions and cannot produce the required results when not used in its larger (maintenance) managerial context. These philosophies/techniques/methodologies should be used as a part of a larger maintenance “plan”, which is strategically driven. Success follows by using a top down process of setting maintenance policy, enriching it with well thought through procedures and supporting it with a proper maintenance business plan.
OPTIMUM LATERAL SPACING FOR SUBSURFACE DRIP-IRRIGATED CORN

A two-year study was initiated in the spring of 1990 on a Keith silt loam soil (Aridic Argiustoll) in northwest Kansas to determine the optimum dripline lateral spacing for irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) using subsurface driplines installed at a depth of 40-45 cm in a direction parallel to the corn rows. Average corn yields were 13.6, 12.8, and 12.2 Mg/ha for dripline spacings of 1.5, 2.3, and 3.0 m, respectively, for a seasonal-irrigation amount of 462 mm. Yields decreased to 10.8 and 9.3 Mg/ha when irrigation was reduced by 33 and 50% for the wider 2.3- and 3.0-m dripline spacings, respectively. The wider dripline spacings resulted in nonuniform horizontal distribution of available soil water. As a result, yields decreased with horizontal distance from the dripline. The highest yield, highest water use efficiency, and lowest year-to-year variation were obtained with the 1.5 m dripline spacing. An economic analysis indicated that because yield reductions were so great, the wider dripline spacings would be justified only at very high dripline costs and or very low corn grain prices.
Research of Localization Issues in Underwater Sensor Networks

Localization problem has great significance in the applications of underwater sensor networks (UWSN), such as real-time monitoring, target tracking and navigation. This paper analized a series of challenges in underwater localization problem, introduced exsiting localization algorithms and discussed their advantages and disadvantages, and then the development trend of localization problem is discussed. Finally, we give some suggestions in the design of localization algoprithms.
Business Logo Signing

Specific service signs provide motorists with business identification information along freeway approaches to interchanges. The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices limits the number of these signs along an interchange approach to four and the number of logo panels per sign to six, although there are continuing requests to increase the number of panels allowed per sign. The present research evaluated specific service signs with four, six, or nine panels per sign and with all logo-based panels or all text-based panels. Participants were asked to determine whether a particular business was present on a sign. Mean reaction times indicated that for nine-panel signs, younger drivers took approximately 2.2 s to determine correctly the presence of a business, while older drivers took approximately 2.9 s. In considering drivers of all ages, an increase from six to nine panels brings mean reaction times from 1.8 s to 2.5 s for text signs and from 1.9 s to 2.5 s for logo signs. In a second task, participants were given 2 s to view each sign before reporting the businesses present on the sign. Participants reported three to four businesses on average, regardless of the number of panels on the sign. Considering the generally accepted standard that eye glances away from the forward roadway for greater than 2 s are unsafe, the study concluded that the benefit of providing more service information is presumably not great enough to outweigh the risk of information overload and driver distraction.
Reliability Analysis of Factors Affecting Gas Pipeline Operational Condition

The safety of the pipeline in use is tightly linked with the resident life and belongings. Reliable structural integrity and safety of gas pipelines under various service pressure events including defects should be warily evaluated. The reliability evaluation of gas pipelines is necessary to prevent risk. In this paper, Markov chain Monte Carlo is proposed to analyze the reliability of factors affecting gas pipeline operational condition in consideration of the character of historical data, the calculating processes of reliability prediction are provided in view of performance degradation characteristics of the factors.This paper takes corrosion as important factor affecting pipeline operation for example, calculates the reliability indexes of gas pipeline, studies the relation of failure rate and length/depth of corrosion pit ,operation time,etc. seeks weak links of system, and brings forward concrete and reliable measures to improve system reliability.
Triple-Junction III–V Based Concentrator Solar Cells: Perspectives and Challenges

This paper gives a review of the work performed in the framework of the EC-funded project FULLSPECTRUM aiming for higher photovoltaic (PV) conversion efficiencies by investigating GaInP/ GaInAs/ Ge triple-junction concentrator solar cells. Lattice mismatched structures reached efficiencies beyond 35% at 600 sun concentration level. These cells are now ready to enter the terrestrial PV market. The perspectives and challenges associated with the market introduction of these cells are addressed. Specifically issues of reliability and on-wafer characterization are discussed. A new characterization tool MAPCON was developed and is presented. DOI: 10.1115/1.2735346
Optimal variables of TMDs for multi-mode buffeting control of long-span bridges

Abstract.In the past decades, much effort has been made towards the study of single-mode-basedvibration controls with dynamic energy absorbers such as single or multiple Tuned Mass Dampers(TMDs). With the increase of bridge span length and the tendency of the bridge cross-section being moreslender and streamlined, multi-mode coupled vibrations as well as their controls have become veryimportant for large bridges susceptible to strong winds. As a simple but effective device, the TMD systemespecially the semi-active one has become a promising option for such coupled vibration controls.However, despite various studies of optimal controls of single-mode-based vibrations with TMDs, researchon the corresponding controls of the multi-mode coupled vibrations is very rare so far. For the development ofa semi-active control strategy to suppress the multi-mode coupled vibrations, a comprehensive parametricanalysis on the optimal variables of this control is substantial. In the present study, a multi-mode controlstrategy named “three-row” TMD system is discussed and the general numerical equations are developedat first. Then a parametric study on the optimal control variables for the “three-row” TMD system isconducted for a prototype Humen Suspension Bridge, through which some useful information and a betterunderstanding of the optimal control variables to suppress the coupled vibrations are obtained. Thisinformation lays a foundation for the design of semi-active control.Keywords:buffeting; tuned mass damper; mode coupling; long-span bridge; control.