Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving carbon product yields in biocarbon production by combining pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion

Solid carbon is an important raw material in industrial processes. Most of the charcoal produced today is via conventional carbonization, which suffers from huge carbon losses due to system inefficiency. Intermediate pyrolysis is principally similar to conventional carbonization and produces biocarbon while capturing the off gasses; among these off gasses is aqueous condensate, which is difficult to utilize due to the high water content and low energy content. This fraction can contain up to 25% of the carbon from feedstock, so utilization of this fraction is important for good overall carbon balance. Anaerobic digestion can be a promising tool for utilizing the carbon in the aqueous condensate by converting it into biomethane. Here, birch and spruce wood were pyrolyzed and the biomethane potential for the aqueous condensates was tested. The mass and carbon balances of the pyrolysis products of birch and spruce at two pyrolysis temperatures were performed, and biocarbon carbon yields ranging from 42% to 54% were obtained. Anaerobic digestion of the aqueous phases collected from the pyrolysis process was performed, with carbon recovery yields between 44% and 59%. A total carbon recovery of 77.8% to 85.7% was obtained, and the primary carbon losses were identified.
Ordering Behavior and the Impact of Allocation Mechanisms in an Integrated Distribution System

We study the impact of three well‐known inventory allocation mechanisms, including proportional, linear, and uniform, on the ordering behavior of retailers serviced from a central distribution center. Based on the allocation mechanism, retailers may have an incentive to adjust (either inflate or deflate) their orders to gain a more favorable allocation, a behavior that may reduce allocation efficiency from a system perspective. We find that while all three mechanisms are centrally optimal under common knowledge of local demands, only the uniform allocation incentivizes retailers to set orders truthfully. Consistent with theory, our experimental results show that using proportional or linear allocation results in larger and more frequent order adjustments, with the degree of strategic ordering being largest under the linear mechanism. Across all mechanisms, order adjustments decrease both allocation efficiency and local retail profits. While uniform allocation results in smaller and less frequent adjustments overall, it may not be feasible to implement in more general settings. Hence, we propose and test a new mechanism, tailored uniform, that leverages the uniform principle while overcoming some practical limitations. It provides more flexibility by allowing for differences in the allocated quantities among retailers, while still providing no incentive for order manipulation. The tailored uniform mechanism performs similarly to uniform in terms of order adjustments, and further increases allocation efficiency when retailers have heterogeneous demands.
Business Re-engineering with Information Technology : Sustaining your Business Advantage : An Implementation Guide

The Bottom Line. 1. Today's Reality: Organizations in Crisis. 2. "Common Sense" Solutions: Prescription for Failure. 3. The Correct Business Strategy: From High Volume to High Value. 4. A Method for Re-engineering Your Business Processes. 5. IT Strategy-A Business Framework. 6. Client-Server Technology: Architecture of Empowerment that Will Work. 7. Step 1: Pilot System. 8. Step 2: Production System. 9. New Ground: Meeting the Challenge of Change. 10. A Look Ahead: Technology Weapons of the Future. 11. Conclusion: A Call to Action. Appendix A: Client-Server Tools: Open Environment Corporation. Appendix B: Traditional Architectures Glossary. Additional Readings. Index.
DESIGN OF SCENTS SUITED WITH USER'S KANSEI USING INTERACTIVE EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION

This paper proposes an effective method to design scents suited with a user’s Kansei using the interactive evolutionary computation (IEC). Effects of the scents are used for various purposes, and ready-made scents are often used. It is expected that more effective results can be achieved if we use the scents suited with the user’s Kansei. Recent progress of technology enables us to create our favorite scents by blending several source scents. With “Aromageur”, one of the such devices, a user can create scents by specifying a favorite blending ratio. With these devices, however, the user is required to optimize the blended ratio of the scents suited with their Kansei by try and error. The aim of this paper is to propose the method to optimize the blended ratio without such a load. We adopt IEC technique for the optimization. In the proposed method, instead of adjusting the blended ratio by the user manually, the user just evaluates and scores the blended scents. The blended ratio corresponding to each scent is regarded as an individual in the IEC algorithm. The algorithm imitates the evolution of creatures, and individuals having higher scores are tended to be selected and produce their offspring. It is expected that IEC finds the blended ratio of scents best or better suited with the user’s Kansei after several generations. In this paper, we developed the IEC system and investigated the efficacy of the system through smelling experiment.
COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT IN THE ERA OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING

Self-Managed 5G Networks / Martin-Perez, Jorge; Antevski, Kiril; Guimaraes, Carlos; Bernardos, C. J.; Papagianni, Chrysa; de Vleeschauwe, Danny; Magoula, Lina; Barmpounakis, Sokratis; Kontopoulos, Panagiotis; Koursioumpas, Nikolaos; Sgambelluri, Andrea; Paolucci, Francesco; Valcarenghi, Luca; Garcia-Saavedra, Andres; Li, Xi; Puligheddu, Corrado; Chiasserini, Carla Fabiana; Casetti, CLAUDIO ETTORE; Mangues-Bafalluy, J.; Martínez, J. Baranda R. ; Zeydan, Engin. STAMPA. (2021), pp. 69-100. [10.1002/9781119675525.ch4] Original Self-Managed 5G Networks
Ball Screens in the Men’s 2019 Basketball World Cup

Background: The objective of this research was to analyse the effectiveness and search for successful patterns in ball screens in the men’s 2019 Basketball World Cup. Methods: The sample consisted of 515 ball screens obtained in critical moments. LINCE software was used as a registration instrument by means of an observational instrument designed ad hoc. A descriptive analysis and chi-square tests (χ2) were performed with SPSS 25.0 and a T-patterns analysis with Theme 5 software. Results: The results indicate that the criteria that have the most influence on this type of action are the result of the team executing the screen (winning, losing or tying), the type of offense and the defence used on the ball screen. The most representative patterns of success tend to take place between 9–16 s of possession, with the screeners being inside players and the screened players being outside players, and it is performed in the upper areas of the court against an individual type of defence and ending with the screened player advancing towards the basket or passing to an open teammate. Conclusions: The data obtained will enable the coaching staff to train ball screens in accordance with specific game situations.
Bayesian Bounds for MatchedField Parameter Estimation

Matched-field methods concern estimation of source locations and/or ocean environmental parameters by exploiting full wave modeling of acoustic waveguide propagation. Because of the nonlinear parameter-dependence of the signal field, the estimate is subject to ambiguities and the sidelobe contribution often dominates the estimation error below a threshold signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). To study the matched-field performance, three Bayesian lower bounds on mean-square error are developed: the Bayesian Cram? r-Rao bound (BCRB), the Weiss-Weinstein bound (WWB), and the Ziv-Zakai bound (ZZB). Particularly, for a multiple-frequency, multiple-snapshot random signal model, a closed-form minimum probability of error associated with the likelihood ratio test is derived, which facilitates error analysis in a wide scope of applications. Analysis and example simulations demonstrate that 1) unlike the local CRB, the BCRB is not achieved by the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) even at high SNR if the local performance is not uniform across the prior parameter space; 2) the ZZB gives the closest MLE performance prediction at most SNR levels of practical interest; 3) the ZZB can also be used to determine the necessary number of independent snapshots achieving the asymptotic performance of the MLE at a given SNR; 4) incoherent frequency averaging, which is a popular multitone processing approach, reduces the peak sidelobe error but may not improve the overall performance due to the increased ambiguity baseline; and finally, 5) effects of adding additional parameters (e.g.,environmental uncertainty) can be well predicted from the parameter coupling.
Depth Map Improvement by Combining Passive and Active Scanning Methods

The paper presents a new method of more precise estimation of the depth map in 3D videos. The novelty of the proposed approach lies in sophisticated combination of partial results obtained by selected existing passive and active 3D scanning methods. The aim of the combination is to overcome drawbacks of individual methods and this way to improve the accessible precision of the final depth map. The active method used is incoherent profilometry scanning which fails on surface discontinuities. As a passive method, a stereo pair matching is used. This method is currently the most widely applied method of depth map estimation in the field of 3D capturing and is available in various implementations. Unfortunately, it fails if there is a lack of identifiable corresponding points in the scanned scene. The paper provides a specific way of combining these methods to improve the accuracy and usability. The proposed innovative technique exploits the advantages of both approaches. Specifically, the more accurate depth profiles of individual discontinuous objects obtained from the active method, and information about mean depths of the objects from the stereo pair are combined. Two implementations of the passive method have been tested for combination with active scanning: matching from stereo pair, and SIFT. The paper includes a brief description of the active and passive methods used and a thorough explanation of their combination. As an example, the proposed method is tested on a simple scene whose nature enables straight assessment of the achieved accuracy. The choice of a suitable implementation of the passive component is also shown and discussed. The obtained results of individual existing methods used and of the proposed combined method are given and compared. To demonstrate the contribution of the proposed combined method, also a comparison with the results obtained with a commercial solution is presented with significantly good results.
Opposing effects of beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenergic receptors on cardiac myocyte apoptosis : role of a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein.

BACKGROUND beta-Adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) stimulation increases apoptosis in adult rat cardiac (ventricular) myocytes (ARVMs) via activation of adenylyl cyclase. beta(2)-ARs may couple to a G(i)-mediated signaling pathway that can oppose the actions of adenylyl cyclase. METHODS AND RESULTS In ARVMs, beta-AR stimulation for 24 hours increased the number of apoptotic cells as measured by flow cytometry. beta-AR-stimulated apoptosis was abolished by the beta(1)-AR-selective antagonist CGP 20712A (P<0.05 versus beta-AR stimulation alone) but was potentiated by the beta(2)-AR-selective antagonist ICI 118,551 (P<0.05 versus beta-AR stimulation alone). The muscarinic agonist carbachol also prevented beta-AR-stimulated apoptosis (P<0.05 versus beta-AR stimulation alone), whereas pertussis toxin potentiated the apoptotic action of beta-AR stimulation (P<0.05 versus beta-AR stimulation alone) and prevented the antiapoptotic action of carbachol. CONCLUSIONS In ARVMs, stimulation of beta(1)-ARs increases apoptosis via a cAMP-dependent mechanism, whereas stimulation of beta(2)-ARs inhibits apoptosis via a G(i)-coupled pathway. These findings have implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of myocardial failure.
Adaptive Tracking Controller Design for Welding Mobile Manipulator with Unknown Parameters

  ×                                                  ,              ,        ,        ,                      ,               ,         ,  ,  ,         ,      ,     ,     
Epidemiology of pharmaceutically treated depression and treatment resistant depression in South Korea

Background The epidemiology of pharmaceutically treated depression (PTD) and treatment resistant depression (TRD) is largely unknown in South Korea. The aim of this study was to develop a greater understanding of the characteristics of PTD and TRD in nearly the entire adult population in South Korea using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA). Method Diagnostic codes and prescription data for South Korean adults were extracted from the HIRA. Subjects were included in the PTD cohort if they received at least one prescription for antidepressants and were diagnosed with depression. TRD was defined as PTD having two or more regimen failures of antidepressants or antipsychotics. Results In 2012, there were 41,256,396 adults in South Korea with 834,694 meeting the criteria for PTD (2.0%). Among subjects with PTD, 57% stopped treatment in less than 28 days of antidepressant supply. Tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants were the most frequently used antidepressants as a first-line regimen for PTD (44.3% of PTD) followed by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (32.1% of PTD). Results also indicated that 34,812 subjects developed TRD (4.2% of PTD). Median PTD and TRD durations were 28 and 623 days respectively. Proportions of psychiatric and non-psychiatric comorbidities were higher in TRD cases than in PTD cases that were not treatment resistant. Conclusions Despite a small proportion of patients with TRD, the prolonged duration of illness and higher comorbidity implies the need for better treatment.
Fortification of dairy milk with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) through feed supplementation of dairy cattle feed - a new horizon in dairy industry.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid essential for structural development of the brain and eyes in the infants and maintenance of normal vision and neural functions in adults. DHA is also vital for the integrity of heart and vascular system, and is implicated in relieving inflammatory conditions and arthritis pain and in preventing cancer. Human body cannot synthesize DHA sufficiently, and most common source of DHA is marine food. Lowest breast-milk DHA values (0.06–0.14%) in nursing mothers found in Pakistan and inland areas of Canada have been attributed to a lack of dietary intake of marine food. In Canada, a novel approach of fortifying the dairy milk by supplementing the cattle feed with DHA-rich herring meal has been used to enhance the dietary intake of DHA in the country. In Pakistan a homegrown source of DHA is needed for supplementing cattle feed is needed to augment the low availability of marine food sources, and seems feasible to cultivate the marine red alga Crypthecodinium cohnii, which is a prolific producer of DHA and has been used as a non toxic pharmaceutical supplement. Crypthecodinium cohnii addition to duck feed has been shown to result in a significant increase in the DHA content of the fed animal. The current study deals with developing a sustainable mass culturing system for C. cohnii in Pakistan, using both bioreactors and open pond fields. The fortification of cattle feed is intended for both large scientifically managed “smart” dairy farms, and small to medium size family owned farms in different parts of the country. Our research is focused on developing protocols for custom designing the DHA enrichment of cattle feeds used in the area.
A Most Remarkable Document from the USEPA

Over the years I have read many documents prepared by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). They have ranged from qualitative policy documents to quantitative toxicology reports. Some documents have had a long-lasting effect on the USEPA’s regulatory policy portfolio; others met specific needs of the day and soon slipped into obscurity, finding internment in some federal repository of dusty files. In this regard, most USEPA documents experience the same fate as those produced by other entities, both public and private sector. But a few documents do reach remarkable status. These are the documents that establish new directions for an agency, producing long-lasting policies and having a significant impact on the public. Included in the catalog of remarkable documents from the USEPA must surely be a recent release entitled An Examination of EPA Risk Assessment Principles and Practices (USEPA 2004). It is a most significant document, having been prepared as a staff paper by a group of 74 USEPA risk assessors and risk managers, including two distinguished HERA editors. This document should be read by all risk assessors, made part of their library, and considered in their professional practice. The USEPA’s Risk Assessment Examination document describes in considerable detail how the agency performs its risk assessments. For the first time, the agency has made available under one cover all of its key risk assessment procedures and practices. The document has much of a “why we do this” theme. Further, there is an undercurrent theme of quiet, testy rhetoric that I, as a former federal public health officer, find quite appealing. Phrases such as “. we generally believe otherwise” (p. 13), “. there may appear to be a variation from one EPA risk management decision to another,” (p. 14), “. the use of default assumptions does not render the process or results non-scientific” (p. 17), and “EPA’s use of defaults is appropriate” (p. 51) give the wink of tossing the gauntlet to the agency’s risk assessment critics, but without rising to a level of armored confrontation. The document is organized into seven chapters: Introduction to EPA Risk Assessment, Risk Assessment and Public and Environmental Health Protection, Uncertainty and Variability, Considering Information Gaps in Health Assessments: Use of Default and Extrapolation Assumptions, Siteand Chemical-Specific Assessments, Ecological Assessment, and Summary and Recommendations. It is a refreshingly candid document. At the outset, the USEPA states the following:
Characterisation of the lectin microvirin from Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 and new insights into the role of microcystin

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Weibull-Cox proportional hazard model

This document contains the mathematical theory behind the Weibull-Cox Matlab function (also called the Weibull proportional hazards model). The likelihood function and it’s partial derivatives are given. The Weibull-Cox model assumes a traditional Cox proportional hazards hazard rate but with a Weibull base hazard rate (instead of Breslow’s estimator which is implicitly assumed in most implementations of the Cox model). The standard Breslow-Cox model is ill suited to predicting the event time for new individuals. For this purpose the WeibullCox model can provide predictions with error bars (given by the standard deviation) along with the usual regression coefficients, survival functions and hazard rates. Requires Optimisation toolbox. Built on Matlab 8.1. 0.604 (R2013a). Background The Breslow-Cox model is arguably the most popular method of analysing survival data. Breslow’s non-parametric estimator of the baseline hazard rate is highly flexible at capturing the time effects in the hazard rate. However it not a smooth estimator (hence the steps in survival curves). It also results in an event time probability density that is not correctly normalised and which consequently cannot be used to make predictions (given by the expected time). A Weibull hazard rate solves both of these problems. To see this explicitly consider Breslow’s estimate of the cumulative hazard rate Λ̂0(τ) = ∑ τi≤τ 1 ∑ j∈R(τi) e β̂·xj (1) which and was originally presented in the discussion section of ? The regression parameters β̂ are maximum likelihood estimators obtained from the partial likelihood. We assume we have observed survival data D = {(τ1,∆1), . , (τN ,∆N )} for i = 1, . , N individuals where τi > 0 is the time until an event and ∆i = 0 indicates right censoring (assumed independent) and ∆i = 1 indicates the primary event occurred for individual i. Once β̂ and Λ̂0(τ) have been inferred from observed data the event time density corresponding to an individual with covariates x∗ is p(τ |x∗, β̂, Λ̂0) = λ0(τi)e ∗ exp(−Λ0(τ)e ∗ ). (2)
Class 1 integrons in various Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from animals and identification of genomic island SGI 1 in Salmonella enterica var .

1004 .
Investigating the Practices of Literacy Teacher Educators

This research investigated the practices of six literacy teacher educators and explored the influences on their teaching practices in their literacy courses. This qualitative case study involved two interviews for each participant and classroom observations for some of the participants over a three-year period. Four main findings emerged from this research. First, participants’ vision for teaching, and their vision for teaching literacy was not static. The participants’ visions evolved over time and was influenced by their teaching and research experiences. Second, the participants emphasized continuous learning as an integral part of their vision, both for themselves and for their student teachers. They recognized that in their role as literacy teacher educators, a commitment to on-going learning was essential and fostering that commitment to life-long learning in their student teachers was equally important. Third, the participants had a range of pedagogical approaches that they implemented, although there were some approaches that were common across participants. Fourth, the participants focused on infusing components of balanced literacy into their literacy course and many drew on children’s and young adult literature as a springboard for teaching literacy concepts. The analysis of the