Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of potential operation issues of human-system interface in Lungmen Nuclear Power Project

The Lungmen Nuclear Power Project (LMNPP) with 1350 MWe twin units is the first advanced boiling water reactor (ABWR) project in Taiwan. Video display units are the main human-system interface for operator to manipulate, i.e. so-called "soft" control, and to know the status of the equipment and plant information. Several concerns have been identified as compared to hard controls. These concerns led us to conduct an investigation of the operator's performance and the potential issues about operator's teamwork. The investigation results show that the most important task is to establish an intensive training program to address the knowledge and skill requirements of the operators to meet the task characteristics and the responses of the plant processes.
WEST TUNA I BREAM B: APPLICATION OF CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY OFFSHORE AUSTRALIA

Esso/BHPP's West Tuna and Bream B Platforms are the first completed concrete-based platforms in Australia and are Exxon's first designed, built and operated concrete gravity structures (CGSs). Both platforms were towed to location, complete with commissioned topsides facilities, in fourth quarter 1996 and successfully installed in 61 m of water. They will add in excess of 45,000 BOPD (7200 kl/d) of oil production to Bass Strait volumes. West Tuna, with 48 well slots, will be Esso/BHPP's largest and most complex Bass Strait production facility, whereas Bream B will be an 18-slot, unstaffed minimum facility satellite platform with a 720-tonne topsides. By comparison, West Tuna's topsides weigh 7,300 tonnes. Esso/BHPP chose the CGS concept for the two developments following extensive conceptual studies with selected North Sea designers. Because of rising derrick barge day rates in the early 1990s (required for steel pile jacket installations), coupled with the availability of a suitable casting basin near Sydney, the CGS concept was judged economically attractive, with savings estimated at 10 per cent of the total facilities capital expenditure relative to its steel pile jacket alternative. The project saw a number of firsts, including the use of the world's largest land-based crawler cranes to lift and set the completed production modules over 75 m in the air onto the completed CGS structures. CGS fabrication productivity problems were experienced during the early phase of construction reflecting the complex nature of the construction, however implementation of a number of project management initiatives resulted in achievement of world-class productivity by completion of the works.
Toxoplasma gondii Reprogram Metabolism of the Host During Infection

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular eukaryotic parasite able to infect mammals including humans. After initial infection, people can remain latently infected for many years, however, parasite reactivation in people who have AIDS or are otherwise immunocompromised, and during pregnancy, has dramatic deleterious consequences. Both host and parasite factors are responsible for disease progression, and in recent years it has become evident that the host‐parasite interplay is complex with significant amount of crosstalk. As an obligate intracellular parasite that is dependent on the host for biomaterials, T. gondii has to acquire nutrients yet protect itself from the host response. In order to successfully survive and replicate within its host, parasites must subvert host machinery to their benefit, simultaneously avoiding host defenses and early host demise.
A photonic integrated circuit based optical mesh node for avionic WDM optical networks

Modern aircraft utilize electrical connections and signals for transport of all flight-critical information. Traditionally, all avionic subsystems were connected using point-to-point duplex links, which increase the weight and complexity of the aircraft wiring, as well as complicate upgrades with new systems and services. More recently, networking technologies like Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet (ADFX) have been developed and deployed on the latest commercial platforms, offering the advantages of a networked environment, while providing deterministic quality of service needed for safety-critical applications. At the same time, for bandwidth hungry sensing applications on board of avionic platforms, fiber optic point-to-point connections have been introduced, mainly using multimode optical signals and fibers. It is envisioned that with future needs for additional bandwidth on board aircraft, electrical networks and multimode optical links will be replaced with a unified single mode optical network, which will provide a future proof communication infrastructure for the life of the aircraft. This ultimate solution in terms of available bandwidth and flexibility will reduce the aircraft weight, while reducing the operating costs and out-of-service time. Addition of new sensors or other equipment will be simplified, through standard optical interfaces connected to the optical backbone network.
A Fuzzy Evacuation Management Model Oriented Toward the Mitigation of Vehicular Emissions

Although the transportation sector is a major contributor to urban air pollution and global climate change due to its substantial energy consumptions, previous studies for evacuation practices in this sector seldom took environmental consequences into account. As an attempt in event-related evacuation planning under uncertainty, this study proposed an emission-mitigation-oriented fuzzy evacuation management (emoFEM) model. Comprehensive considerations over system efficiency, environmental protection, economic cost and resource availability were incorporated within a general modeling formulation to facilitate evacuation management in a systematic and compromise manner. Vague and ambiguous information embedded within evacuation problems could be quantified and directly communicated into the optimization process, greatly improving conventional tools for evacuation management under uncertainty. The proposed emoFEM model was then applied to a hypothetic but representative case. Useful solutions were generated, which could help identify timely, safe and cost-effective evacuation schemes without significant disturbances over normal municipal traffic and environmental quality. The advantages of emoFEM were further revealed through comparing its solutions with those from its deterministic counterpart.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND TESTING OF A SUBSCALE SUNSHIELD MEMBRANE LAYER

Abstract Future large infrared space telescopes, such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), will require deployable sunshields to provide passive cooling for optics and instruments. Sunshield structures for such applications typically consist of multiple thin-film membrane layers supported by deployable booms. The deployed geometry of the membranes will need to be maintained in terms of both global shape and local surface flatness in order to meet membrane management requirements. A subscale sunshield membrane layer test was conceived to enhance capabilities to predict and measure the preloaded geometry of a single membrane layer on both the global (shape) and local (wrinkling) scales. The membrane geometry and support conditions are representative of an early concept for the JWST sunshield. This paper presents the results of analytical and experimental studies completed to characterize the surface profile the membrane layer. Finite element analysis of the membrane layer was completed using two approaches suitable for modeling partially wrinkled thin-film membrane structures. The first approach uses membrane elements in conjunction with a wrinkling material model, while the second approach utilized shell elements. An experiment was carried out for validation of the analytical techniques. The experimental study utilized photogrammetry to characterize the membrane surface profile. Comparison of analytical predictions and test results shows good agreement for global shape and fair agreement for local wrinkling details.
Exploring students’ experiences of one-to-oneadvice and guidance discussions: a pilot study

Wisker, G. , Exley, K. , Antoniou, M. & Ridley, P. (2008) Working one-to-one with students: supervising, coaching, mentoring and personal tutoring. London: Routledge. One-to-one discussions in Higher Education (HE) Within the current market-based environment, mass higher education is characterised by high student numbers (Nicol, 2010) and constraints on resources (Price, Handley & Millar, 2011). Middleton (2015) argues that opportunities for ‘personal, inclusive and supportive’ learning have been diluted whilst other authors specify that dialogue is being ‘squeezed out’ of mass higher education (Nicol, 2010). However, not only does influential social learning theory (Vygotsky, 1978) and research support the benefits of personal interaction and support on learning and personal development (Cooper, 2011), students also attach value to such interactions (Wisker et al, 2008). Within many UK universities one aspect of supporting students one-to-one is academic advice and guidance (Hilsdon, 2011).
Metal drives chemistry: dual‐function of acireductone dioxygenase enzymes

Acireductone dioxygenase (ARD) from the methionine salvage pathway of Klebsiella oxytoca is the only known naturally occurring metalloenzyme which exhibits dual‐chemistry in vivo determined solely by the identity of the divalent transition metal ion (Fe2+ or Ni2+) in the active site. The Fe2+ containing isozyme catalyzes the on‐pathway reaction using substrates acireductone and dioxygen to generate formate and the ketoacid precursor of methionine, whereas the Ni2+ containing isozyme uses the same substrates to catalyze an off‐pathway shunt to methylthiopropionate, carbon monoxide and formate. We recently have shown that mammalian homologs of ARD (mouse and human) are also capable of this metal‐dependent dual‐chemistry in vitro. The possibility of this dual chemistry in mammals is interesting since carbon monoxide, one of the products of off‐pathway reaction, is an anti‐apoptotic molecule. In addition, several biochemical and genetic studies have indicated an inhibitory role of human ARD in cancer. Recombinant mouse and human ARD isozymes were expressed and purified to obtain a homogeneous single transition metal (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) bound form of the enzymes. The Fe2+‐bound ARD showed highest activity compared to the other metal‐bound forms of ARD. Similar to ARD from Klebsiella, both human and mouse ARD bound to Ni2+, Co2+ or Mn2+ catalyzed the off‐pathway reaction whereas Fe2+‐bound ARD catalyzed the on‐pathway reaction of the methionine salvage pathway. Thermal stability indicated a large difference in melting temperatures of the proteins; with Ni2+‐bound ARD being the most stable followed by Co2+ and Fe2+ and Mn2+ being the least stable. Crystal structures of Ni2+‐bound mouse ARD co‐crystallized with product and substrate analogs provided insight into metal coordination, substrate and product binding coordination and catalytic mechanism. Solution NMR data of Fe2+, Ni2+ and Co2+‐bound human ARD isozymes indicate that the metal center imparts significant structural differences to the overall protein structure.
Methamphetamine Self‐Administration is Associated with Changes in the Expression of Glutamate AMPA Receptors in the Rat Striatum

Methamphetamine (METH) is an addictive psychostimulant that causes neuroplastic and neurodegenerative effects in the mammalian brain. METH‐induced changes in glutamate neurotransmission are thought to play a role in maintenance of drug‐seeking behavior and contribute to drug relapse. In the present study the expression of glutamate AMPA receptors after METH self‐administration in the rat striatum were investigated. Animals were allowed to intravenously self‐administer METH through intravenous catheters for 15 hours/day for eight consecutive days before being euthanized at two or at 24 hours after cessation of drug taking. METH self‐administration by rats was associated with a progressive escalation of daily drug intake to 14 mg/kg per day. Animals that self‐administered METH exhibited decreases in striatal dopamine (DA), 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) levels. Significant increases in the GluA2 mRNA levels at the 2 hour time point and reductions at the 24 hour time point after cessation of drug intake were observed. These results suggest that METH self‐administration by rats is associated with changes in the expression of glutamate AMPA receptors which may reflect neuroadaptations to drug exposure in the striatum. Supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health and NIH 5R25GM063775
A Comprehensive Review of Protection Schemes for Distributed Generation

Due to the increasing demand of energy and the need for nonconventional energy sources, distributed generation (DG) has come into play. The trend of unidirectional power flow has been gradually shifting. With new technology comes new challenges, the introduction of DG into the conventional power system brings various challenges; one of the major challenges is system protection under DG sources. These sources pose a significant challenge due to bidirectional flows from DGs as well as lower fault current contribution from inverter interfaced DGs. This paper reviews existing protection schemes that have been suggested for active distribution networks. Most of these protection strategies apply only to smaller distribution systems implying that they may need to be extended to larger systems with a much higher penetration of distributed generation. In the end, a potential protection scheme has also been recommended as a future work.
Acinetobacter-Derived-Lactamases β Identification of 50 Class D

Published Ahead of Print 25 November 2013. 10.1128/AAC.01261-13. 2014, 58(2):936. DOI: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. Alexandr Nemec and Patrice Courvalin Feldgarden, Jennifer Wortman, Dominique Clermont, Krizova, Gustavo Cerqueira, Cheryl Murphy, Michael Bruno Périchon, Sylvie Goussard, Violaine Walewski, Lenka Cephalosporinases in Acinetobacter spp. and 65 Acinetobacter-Derived -Lactamases β Identification of 50 Class D
Bradycardic Responses to Microinjection of L‐Glutamate, AMPA, and NMDA Into the Nucleus Ambiguus (NA) Are Attenuated Following Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia (CIH) in Young Adult F344 Rats

Baroreflex control of heart rate (HR) is reduced following CIH. Since glutamate receptors in vagal cardiac motor neurons in NA are involved in baroreflex bradycardia, we hypothesized that the HR responses to glutamate (Glu) receptor activation is attenuated following CIH. F344 rats (4–5 months) were exposed to either room air (RA; normoxia) or CIH for 35days, and were then anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. Using a multichannel injector, L‐glu (10 mM, 20 nl; saturation dose), AMPA (0.2 mM/L, 20 nl; saturation dose), and NMDA (4 mM/L, 20 nl; saturation dose) were microinjected into the same location of the left NA (−100 to + 100 μm relative to the caudal end of the area postrema), respectively. We found that
Relationship between human milk oligosaccharides and fecal microbiome of breastfed infants

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) have been shown to impact growth of staphylococci and bifidobacteria in vitro. However, little is known as to whether amounts of HMO consumed by infants are related to the composition of their gastrointestinal (GI) microbiomes. To examine this, milk and infant fecal samples were collected from mother/infant dyads (n = 12) on d 2, 5, 10, 30 and 60 after birth. DNA was extracted, the 16S rRNA gene amplified, and relative microbial abundance characterized by 454 pyrosequencing. HMO concentrations were determined using HPLC. Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated to relate HMO concentration with relative abundance of fecal bacterial genera and diversity indices at each time point. On d2, Streptococcus abundance was negatively correlated (r = −0.94) with 2′fucosyllactose (2′FL); Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, and Weissella abundances were correlated (r = 0.98, 0.92, and 0.93, respectively) with disialyllacto‐N‐tetraose (DSLNT). On d10, Bacteroides abundance was correlated (r = 0.73) with 2′FL. On d2, DSLNT correlated (r = 0.88) with the Chao richness index. Results suggest possible associations between HMO and presence of some microbial genera, but relationships were not consistent over time. Supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST).
A Comparison of the Subjective and Cardiovascular Effects Produced by Exposure to Intravenous versus Smoked Methamphetamine in the Laboratory

Previous research has demonstrated that intravenous (IV) and smoked cocaine administration produced similar increases in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP), whereas comparable doses of smoked cocaine resulted in higher subjective ratings of stimulated and high. To our knowledge, there have not been any studies conducted directly comparing the subjective and cardiovascular responses produced by IV methamphetamine (METH) versus smoked METH. Thirteen non‐treatment seeking METH‐dependent individuals, participated in separate protocols in which they were administered IV METH and smoked METH. In the first study, participants were administered METH (0 and 30 mg, IV) and subjective effects, as well as cardiovascular effects, were assessed prior to and 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after METH administration. In the second study, smoked METH (0 and 30 mg) was administered and subjective and cardiovascular effects were obtained on the same time course as above. While not reaching statistical significance, METH administered via the IV route resulted in higher BP and HR across the time course assessed. Interestingly, subjective reports of desire METH and likely to use METH was higher when the route of administration was smoked. These findings demonstrate that the administration of IV versus smoked METH have differential cardiovascular and subjective effects in METH‐dependent participants.
Viscous instability of a compressible round jet

The compressible linear stability equations are derived from the Navier Stokes equations in cylindrical polar coordinates. Numerical solutions for locally parallel flow are found using a direct matrix method. Discretization with compact finite difference is found to have better convergence properties than a Chebyshev spectral method for a round jet test case. The method is validated against previous results and convergence is tested for a range of jet profiles. Finally and en method is used to determine the dominant frequency of a Mach 0.9 jet.
ESTIMATING THE POTENTIAL OF ACHIEVING SELF-RELIANCE BY ROOFTOP GARDENING IN CHIAYI CITY, TAIWAN

More than half of the global population has chosen to live in urban areas than in rural areas. This results in issues on sustainable food provision in urban areas. Transporting vegetables and fruits from the countryside to the city while keeping them fresh consumes energy and causes loss. Given the cost, growing food in and around cities has never been a new thing. However, only recently, growing food on rooftops on a business scale to achieve self-reliance has increasingly gained attention. With current technological advances in horticulture and agriculture, it has become more likely to secure food provision by cultivating on urban rooftops. Only a few business scale cases reported in high-income societies with a high-density population or experiencing snowing winter can afford and justify the choice of such a high input as well as a high-yield cultivating system. In Taiwan, with a warm winter, it may be more feasible to apply this system because less energy input is required to achieve the same yield as compared to that required in places in temperate climates. By estimating the potential of a high-density city to achieve self-reliance through rooftop growing systems, decision-makers can have more insight into how the idea can be promoted. As of end 2016, Chiayi city has the second largest population density after the capital city. Thus, this research aims at assessing the potential to achieve self-reliance by growing food on rooftops in Chiayi. It analyzes the yields of four types of rooftop cultivating systems and estimates the production and consumption by using these systems on three types of rooftops in different land uses, namely commercial, educational and residential. The result shows that the best scenario for achieving self-reliance is the rooftop hydroponic greenhouse model operating at the commercial scale although this is not sustainable or practical for general households in Chiayi City.
Determination of protein turnover in E. coli cells during exit from persistence

Chronic infections that can relapse even after recurrent courses of antibiotic therapy are a major challenge in treatment of infectious diseases. In a number of bacterial pathogens, a very small subpopulation of cells, known as persisters, can become transiently tolerant to multiple antibiotics by restraining their growth and entering a dormant‐like state termed persistence. Key players in persistence are toxin‐antitoxin (TA) modules that encode a toxin, that inhibits cell growth, and antitoxin that regulates toxin activity. In E. coli, toxic activity of a Ser/Thr kinase HipA is responsible for growth inhibition and increased levels of persisters. In stress conditions, HipA phosphorylates and inhibits glutamate‐tRNA ligase (GltX) causing strong inhibition of translation. Such dormant cells are able to sense when conditions have improved, re‐initiate their growth and exit persistent state (resuscitate). Since the molecular mechanisms that govern the switch between persistence and resuscitation are largely unknown, we aimed to study early protein synthesis and turnover during resuscitation by performing a time‐resolved analysis of protein translation during the exit from persistent state. To that end, we employed pulse labeling with stable isotope‐labeled amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), in combination with high resolution mass spectrometry‐based proteomics. We enriched the low‐frequency persister cells by inducing the hipA gene, which caused immediate growth arrest, and treated the culture with a high dose of ampicillin to lyse and remove non‐persister cells. To trigger cell growth and resuscitation we induced the antitoxin‐encoding hipB gene. Resuscitating cells were pulse‐labeled with isotopically labeled lysine and harvested in regular intervals. In this experimental setup, only the newly synthesized proteins from resuscitated persister cells could incorporate lysine, enabling the quantification of the protein turnover during resuscitation. Within the first five hours after initiation of resuscitation we were able to measure SILAC label incorporation in up to 500 proteins and estimate their turnover rates. Intriguingly, most of the quantified proteins were involved in the regulation of transcription, translation and response to stress. We are currently setting up follow up experiments to investigate the role of several high‐turnover proteins in resuscitation. To our knowledge, this is the first application of a pulse‐chase SILAC‐based proteomic approach to study protein synthesis in the field of bacterial persistence. This study can largely help in understanding of the molecular basis of the exit from persistence, a state that is greatly responsible for reactivation of disease.