Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frequency- and Time-dependent Geometry for Real-time Auralizations

The quality of present-day room acoustic simulations stands and falls by the quality of the underlying CAD room models. A ‘high-quality’ room model does not implicate that it has to be highly detailed with a lot of small objects and ornamentation. High accuracy of a model and its auralization is only achieved when basic acoustic principles are regarded. This means for geometrically based simulations that wavelengths from 1.7cm till 17m have to be handled with regard to their reflection/scattering pattern at room or object surfaces. As this spans the dimensions of the majority of known objects, walls etc., only an adapting room model that changes its level of detail accordingly to the incident sound wave frequency can ensure correct results, e.g. for low-frequency specular reflections. When it comes to real-time auralizations, which are used in sophisticated virtual reality systems, another emerging aspect is how to deal with very complex room geometries in limited computation time. Using active frequency dependent geometry has great advantages in this discipline due to much faster simulations when simple geometries with a low polygon count are involved. Lower frequencies typically travel much longer than higher ones in common rooms and thus they produce the majority of computation load which is now significantly reduced, yielding a great speed-up potential. Going on, the introduction of a temporal discretization reducing room model details step by step over the duration of the room impulse response can save valuable computation resources as well. This technique makes use of perceptual characteristics of the human ear, which is not able to distinguish fine structures in the late part of the impulse response. Furthermore, most of the energy in this late part originates from diffuse reflections for which the exact geometry does not matter. Thus, the active geometry model switches to simpler structures for late reflections. In this contribution, the newly developed active geometry model, which uses a frequency and time dependent level of detail, will be presented as well as results from comparative listening tests. These could point out the necessary complexity for the highest detail step as well as the maximally allowed simplification based on human perception.
Adaptation and Testing of Instruments to Measure Cervical Cancer Screening Factors Among Vietnamese Immigrant Women

Purpose: Vietnamese American women diagnosed with cervical cancer are more likely to have advanced cancer than non-Hispanic White women. We sought to (a) develop a culturally sensitive Vietnamese translation of the Revised Susceptibility, Benefits, and Barriers Scale; Cultural Barriers to Screening Inventory; Confidentiality Issues Scale; and Quality of Care from the Health Care System Scale and (b) examine the psychometric properties. Design: Cross-sectional study with 201 Vietnamese immigrant women from the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area. Method: We used a community-based participatory research approach and the U.S. Census Bureau’s team approach to translation. Results: Cronbach’s alpha ranged from . 57 to . 91. The incremental fit index ranged from . 83 to . 88. Discussion and Conclusions: The instruments demonstrated moderate to strong subscale internal consistency. Further research to assess structural validity is needed. Implications for Practice: Our approaches to translation and psychometric examination support use of the instruments in Vietnamese immigrant women.
An Investigation of the Relationship between the Open-Endedness of Activities and the Creativity of Young Children

This study examined the relationship between the open-endedness of activities and the creativity of young children. Eleven pre-kindergarten classes were observed and rated twice using a researcher-developed instrument, the Open-endedness of Activities Rating Scale (OARS). Three classes were selected from the 11 based on their cumulative ratings in the first observation (CROBS1): the class with the lowest degree of open-endedness of activities (CLSL), the class with a medium degree of open-endedness of activities (CLSM), and the class with the highest degree of open-endedness of activities (CLSH). Fifty-two “at-risk” students in these three classes (24 boys, 28 girls), who had no identified disabilities or delays, were tested utilizing Torrance’s (1981) Thinking Creatively in Action and Movement (TCAM). A correlation was then drawn between the three classes’ ranks of CROBS1 and their respective ranks of mean TCAM scores: fluency scores (FLUE), originality scores (ORIG), imagination scores (IMAG), and total scores (TTCAM). The 11 classes’ CROBS1 was correlated and compared with their cumulative ratings in the second observation CROBS2 in order to examine the reliability of the OARS. The results from the study indicated that: (1) the researcher-developed instrument, the OARS, is reliable for research purposes; (2) the degree of open-endedness of activities is significantly positively related to the level of creative thinking ability of the young children engaged in these activities; (3) increasing the open-endedness of activities is most beneficial for a class with a relatively low degree of open-endedness, because a moderate increase in its openendedness can result in a noticeable improvement in the fluency, originality, and total creative thinking ability of its students; and (4) increasing the open-endedness of activities is also beneficial for a class with a relatively medium degree of open-endedness, because a moderate
‘Who Do I Tell?’

• Summary: Social workers cannot avoid ethical dilemmas. This qualitative research investigated the question ‘who do I tell? ’, exploring who the people are that social workers approach for advice when a course of action is ethically uncertain. Thirty Australian social workers discussed how they managed a serious ethical dilemma, whether they sought support, and reasons for not seeking support. • Findings: All respondents had access to supervision, and regarded supervision as critical. However, less than half discussed the incident in organizational supervision, and supervision was more likely to be used if external to the organization. In many cases, ethical dilemmas were discussed with colleagues, and to a lesser extent with friends or family. Respondents referred to ethical, practical, organizational, and relationship reasons for not using potential sources of support. Typical issues were: availability; the perceived ethical priorities of the supervisor; the benefits and costs of seeking or not seeking support; behaviour of colleagues, managers or supervisors as the problem at issue; the ethics of discussing work with family and friends. • Applications: The study provides empirical data about support for social workers facing an ethical dilemma. Organizational supervision, ostensibly functioning to ensure standards and ethical practice, appeared the least satisfactory in doing so in critical situations. If relationships are not prioritized, no amount of monitoring of service outputs will create effective practice.
SQLNet: Generating Structured Queries From Natural Language Without Reinforcement Learning

Synthesizing SQL queries from natural language is a long-standing open problem and has been attracting considerable interest recently. Toward solving the problem, the de facto approach is to employ a sequence-to-sequence-style model. Such an approach will necessarily require the SQL queries to be serialized. Since the same SQL query may have multiple equivalent serializations, training a sequence-to-sequence-style model is sensitive to the choice from one of them. This phenomenon is documented as the "order-matters" problem. Existing state-of-the-art approaches rely on reinforcement learning to reward the decoder when it generates any of the equivalent serializations. However, we observe that the improvement from reinforcement learning is limited. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, i.e., SQLNet, to fundamentally solve this problem by avoiding the sequence-to-sequence structure when the order does not matter. In particular, we employ a sketch-based approach where the sketch contains a dependency graph so that one prediction can be done by taking into consideration only the previous predictions that it depends on. In addition, we propose a sequence-to-set model as well as the column attention mechanism to synthesize the query based on the sketch. By combining all these novel techniques, we show that SQLNet can outperform the prior art by 9% to 13% on the WikiSQL task.
James Mark Baldwin and contemporary theories of culture and evolution

At the end of the nineteenth century, James Mark Baldwin was amongst America's foremost psychologists and his ideas concerning the interactions between development and evolution were widely discussed. Richards’ [Richards (1987). Darwin and the emergence of evolutionary theories of mind and behavior. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press] eloquent and sympathetic account of Baldwin's career devotes little space to the final period of Baldwin's life—from 1909 until his death in 1934—when professional scandal forced his relocation to Paris. Although Baldwin conducted no further empirical research in this period and his theories began to be displaced by the rediscovery of Mendelian inheritance, he continued to discuss the links between ontogenesis and phylogenesis with notable thinkers in the French-speaking world, including Pierre Janet. Piaget, who attended Janet's lectures during his two-year stay in Paris immediately after World War I, was also exposed to Baldwin's ideas. Looking back many years later, Piaget denied that Baldwin's theorizing had a deep influence on his own thinking. Nonetheless, Piaget's emphasis on ever more elaborate stages of cognitive development echoes important themes in Baldwin's work. Despite this, Piaget certainly did not assimilate Baldwin's important ideas about the transmission of culture—what Baldwin called “Social Heredity”. Piaget's neglect of this strand in Baldwin's conception of development has had major consequences for the study of cognition. Here we discuss the contemporary re-awakening of interest in Baldwin's ideas among biologists and suggest that it is time for developmental psychology to reconsider the centrality of cultural learning in early cognitive development.
NEUTROPHIL EXPRESSION OF CD64 IN EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF EARLY ONSET NEONATAL SEPSIS.

Deena A. Elshabrawy 1 and Yehia H. Abdel-maqsoud 2 and Elzahraa Arafat 3 . 1. Deena Elshabrawy, Assistant professor of Clinical Pathology, University of Benha, Faculty of Medicine, Egypt. 2. Assistant Prof. of Pediatric and neonatology Benha University, Faculty of Medicine, Egypt. 3. M.B. B.Ch., Msc. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
EphA2 Expression Is Associated with Aggressive Features in Ovarian Carcinoma

Purpose: EphA2 (epithelial cell kinase) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in oncogenesis. There are no published data regarding the role of EphA2 in ovarian carcinoma, which is the focus of the present study. Experimental Design: Nontransformed (HIO-180) and ovarian cancer (EG, 222, SKOV3, and A2780-PAR) cell lines were evaluated for EphA2 by Western blot analysis. Five benign ovarian masses, 10 ovarian tumors of low malignant potential, and 79 invasive ovarian carcinomas were also evaluated for EphA2 expression by immunohistochemistry. All samples were scored in a blinded fashion. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine significant associations between EphA2 expression and clinicopathological variables. Results: By Western blot analysis, EG, 222, and SKOV3 cell lines overexpressed EphA2, whereas A2780-PAR and HIO-180 had low to absent EphA2 expression. All of the benign tumors had low or absent EphA2 expression. Among the invasive ovarian carcinomas examined (mean age of patients was 59.2 years), 60 (75.9%) tumors overexpressed EphA2 and the other 19 tumors had negative or minimal EphA2 expression. There was no association of EphA2 overexpression with ascites, likelihood of nodal positivity, pathological subtype, and optimum surgical cytoreduction (residual tumor <1 cm). However, EphA2 overexpression was significantly associated with higher tumor grade (P = 0.02) and advanced stage of disease (P = 0.001). The median survival for patients with tumor EphA2 overexpression was significantly shorter (median, 3.1 years; P = 0.004); the median survival for patients with low or absent EphA2 tumor expression was at least 12 years and has not yet been reached. In multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model, only volume of residual disease (P < 0.04) and EphA2 overexpression (P < 0.01) were significant and independent predictors of survival. Conclusions: EphA2 overexpression is predictive of aggressive ovarian cancer behavior and may be an important therapeutic target.
Normality and covering properties of affine semigroups

S = {x ∈ gp(S) | mx ∈ S for some m > 0}. One calls S normal if S = S. For simplicity we will often assume that gp(S) = Z; this is harmless because we can replace Z by gp(S) if necessary. The rank of S is the rank of gp(S). We will only be interested in the case in which S ∩ (−S) = 0; such affine semigroups will be called positive. The positivity of S is equivalent to the pointedness of the cone C(S) = R+S generated by S in R; one has rankS = dimC(S). (All the cones appearing in this paper have their apex at the origin.) The normality of S can now be characterized geometrically: one obviously has S = C(S) ∩ Z, and so S is normal if and only if S = C(S) ∩ Z. Conversely, every convex, pointed, finitely generated rational cone C ⊂ R yields a normal affine semigroup S(C) = C ∩ Z (this semigroup is finitely generated by Gordan’s lemma). If we simply speak of a cone C in the following, then it is always assumed that C is convex, pointed, finitely generated, and rational. Since dimC(S) = rankS, we often call the dimension of a cone its rank. Each positive affine semigroup S can be embedded into Z+ , m = rankS (one uses m linearly independent integral linear forms representing support hyperplanes of C(S)). Therefore every element can be written as a sum of irreducible elements, and the set of irreducible elements of S is finite since S is finitely generated. For a cone C the set of irreducible elements of S(C) is often called the Hilbert basis Hilb(C) of C in the combinatorial literature, a convention we will follow. More generally, we also call the set of irreducible elements of a positive affine semigroup S its Hilbert basis and denote it by Hilb(S). This paper is devoted to a discussion of sufficient and potentially necessary conditions for the normality of S in terms of combinatorial properties of Hilb(S). As far as the necessity is concerned, these conditions can of course be formulated in terms of Hilbert bases of rational cones. The first property under consideration is the existence of a unimodular (Hilbert) cover:
Rejuvenator : A Static Wear Leveling Algorithm for Flash memory

NAND flash memory has the potential to become the storage alternative of the future due to its better performance and low power requirements. However reliability is still a critical issue in using NAND flash memory for large scale enterprise applications. The number of times a block can be reliably erased is limited in a NAND flash memory. A wear leveling algorithm helps to prevent the early wear out of blocks in the flash memory. It spreads the erase operations evenly across all blocks and prevents any single block from reaching its maximum erase count limit sooner than other blocks. In attempting to do so the cold data is moved to more worn out blocks thereby reducing the rate of wear in those blocks. However, the migration of cold data is an expensive operation since it induces additional erase operations in the swapping process. To overcome this problem we propose a static wear leveling algorithm, named as Rejuvenator, that maintains the variance in erase counts of the blocks within a threshold as well as reduces the cost of the additional cold data migrations. Rejuvenator uses an adaptive scheme that gradually reduces the variance in erase counts of the blocks as some of the blocks are approaching their maximum erase count limit. Our experimental results show that Rejuvenator outperforms the existing best known wear leveling algorithms.
GA-Based Q-Learning to Develop Compact Control Table for Multiple Agents

Recently reinforcement learning has received much attention as a learning method (Sutton, 1988; Watkins & Dayan, 1992). It does not need a priori knowledge and has higher capability of reactive and adaptive behaviors. However there are some significant problems in applying it to real problems. Some of them are deep cost of learning and large size of actionstate space. The Q-learning (Watkins & Dayan, 1992), known as one of effective reinforcement learning, has difficulty in accomplishing learning tasks when the size of action-state space is large. Therefore the application of the usual Q-learning is restricted to simple tasks with the small action-state space. Due to the large action-state space, it is difficult to apply the Q-learning directly to real problems such as control problem for robots with many redundant degrees of freedom or multiple agents moving cooperatively one another. In order to cope with such difficulty of large action-state space, various structural and dividing algorithms of the action-state space were proposed (Holland, 1986; Svinin et al., 2001; Yamada et al., 2001). In the dividing algorithm, the state space is divided dynamically, however, the action space is fixed so that it is impossible to apply the algorithm to the task with a large action space. In the classifier system, “don’t care” attribute is introduced in order to create general rules. But, that causes partially observable problems. Furthermore, an ensemble system of general and special rules should be prepared in advance. Considering these points, Ito & Matsuno (2002) proposed a GA-based Q-learning method called “Q-learning with Dynamic Structuring of Exploration Space Based on Genetic Algorithm (QDSEGA). ” In their algorithm, a genetic algorithm is employed to reconstruct an action-state space which is learned by Q-learning. That is, the size of the action-state space is reduced by the genetic algorithm in order to apply Q-learning to the learning process of that space. They applied their algorithm to a control problem of multi-legged robot which has many redundant degrees of freedom and a large action-state space. By applying their restriction method for the action-state space, they successfully obtained the control rules for a multi-legged robot by their QDSEGA. However, the way to apply a genetic algorithm in their approach seems so straightforward. Therefore we have proposed a crossover for QDSEGA (Murata & Yamaguchi, 2005; Murata & Yamaguchi, 2008). Through their computer simulations on a control problem of a multi-legged robot, they could make about 50% reduction of the number of generations to obtain a target state of the problem. Source: New Achievements in Evolutionary Computation, Book edited by: Peter Korosec, ISBN 978-953-307-053-7, pp. 318, February 2010, INTECH, Croatia, downloaded from SCIYO.COM
The RFB Protocol

6 Protocol Messages 5 6.1 Handshaking Messages . 7 6.1. 1 ProtocolVersion . 8 6.1. 2 Security . 9 6.1. 3 SecurityResult . 11 6.2 Security Types . 12 6.2. 1 None . 13 6.2. 2 VNC Authentication . 14 6.3 Initialisation Messages . 15 6.3. 1 ClientInit . 16 6.3. 2 ServerInit . 17 6.4 Client to server messages . 19
Microbiome interactions shape host fitness

Significance All animals have associated microbial communities called microbiomes that influence the physiology and fitness of their host. It is unclear to what extent individual microbial species versus interactions between them influence the host. Here, we mapped all possible interactions between individual species of bacteria against Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly fitness traits. Our approach revealed that the same bacterial interactions that shape microbiome abundances also shape host fitness traits. The fitness traits of lifespan and fecundity showed a life history tradeoff, where equal total fitness can be gotten by either high fecundity over a short life or low fecundity over a long life. The microbiome interactions are as important as the individual species in shaping these fundamental aspects of fly physiology. Gut bacteria can affect key aspects of host fitness, such as development, fecundity, and lifespan, while the host, in turn, shapes the gut microbiome. However, it is unclear to what extent individual species versus community interactions within the microbiome are linked to host fitness. Here, we combinatorially dissect the natural microbiome of Drosophila melanogaster and reveal that interactions between bacteria shape host fitness through life history tradeoffs. Empirically, we made germ-free flies colonized with each possible combination of the five core species of fly gut bacteria. We measured the resulting bacterial community abundances and fly fitness traits, including development, reproduction, and lifespan. The fly gut promoted bacterial diversity, which, in turn, accelerated development, reproduction, and aging: Flies that reproduced more died sooner. From these measurements, we calculated the impact of bacterial interactions on fly fitness by adapting the mathematics of genetic epistasis to the microbiome. Development and fecundity converged with higher diversity, suggesting minimal dependence on interactions. However, host lifespan and microbiome abundances were highly dependent on interactions between bacterial species. Higher-order interactions (involving three, four, and five species) occurred in 13–44% of possible cases depending on the trait, with the same interactions affecting multiple traits, a reflection of the life history tradeoff. Overall, we found these interactions were frequently context-dependent and often had the same magnitude as individual species themselves, indicating that the interactions can be as important as the individual species in gut microbiomes.
1996 AI MARK-UP PRICING . MARKET STRUCTURE AND THE BUSINESS CYCLE

Estimating mark-ups: methodology a n d measu remen t i ssues . 73 T h e methodology . 73 Interpretation a n d possible est imation b i a ses . 76 Data a n d measu remen t i ssues . 76
Coupling quantum emitters to nanophotonic structures

ix English . ix Castellano . xi List of acronyms xiii 1. General Introduction 1 1.1. Light and matter interaction in modern physics . 1 1.2. Regimes of interaction between light and matter. Purcell effect and Strong Coupling. 3 1.3. Coupling light and matter. Optical cavities and waveguides . 6 1.3. 1. Optical cavities . 7 1.3. 2. Waveguides . 10 1.3. 3. Choosing the right quantum emitters . 12 1.4. Context of this thesis in quantum nanophotonics . 14 1.4. 1. Quantum computation and simulation . 14 1.4. 2. Fast and small integrated photonic quantum circuits . 17 1.4. 3. Energy harvesting in organic compounds . 19 2. Waveguide-mediated entanglement generation 23 2.
The Relative Flux Density of Photosynthetically Active Radiation

Measurements of global radiation using pairs of thermopile pyranometers, one of which was filtered with an RG8 hemisphere, were made under high insolation conditions in Israel and U.S.A. For half-hourly periods, when solar elevation was above 10? , the relative flux density of photosynthetically active radiation ii, was nearly constant at 0 49 ? 0 05. Daily total values measured throughout one summer gave i = 0 47 + 0 07 and monthly values of iy measured at three stations gave ii = 0 49 + 0-02. The results confirm those previously reported for Europe and suggest that, within the accuracy with which it can be defined and measured, ,7 can be taken as 0 5 for periods of 30 min or longer when the solar elevation is greater than 10?