Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Center Manifolds of Differential Equations in Banach Spaces

The center manifold is useful for describing the long-term behavior of a system of differential equations. In this work, we consider an autonomous differential equation in a Banach space that has the exponential trichotomy property in the linear terms and Lipschitz continuity in the nonlinear terms. Using the spectral gap condition we prove the existence and uniqueness of the center manifold. Moreover, we prove the regularity of the manifold with a few additional assumptions on the nonlinear term. We approach the problem using the well-known Lyapunov-Perron method, which relies on the Banach fixed-point theorem. The proofs can be generalized to a non-autonomous system.
Development of Broken Rotor Bar Fault Diagnosis Method with Sum of Weighted Fourier Series Coefficients Square

This study proposes a broken rotor bar (BRB) fault diagnosis method for an induction motor using the sum of the weighted Fourier series coefficients squares of a complex current as a diagnosis signal. First, the sum of the squares of the Fourier series coefficients confirms the very narrow band-pass filter characteristics to derive a specific frequency component. This assists us in obtaining a BRB fault diagnosis signal that exists in a limited frequency range. Second, the magnitude of the Fourier series coefficients of the BRB fault signal is proportional to the slip frequency and load condition. A weighting factor is proposed to render the BRB fault signal irrelevant to the slip frequency and load condition. Consequently, the proposed fault diagnosis can be conducted without the slip frequency information or searching for the maximum coefficient component. Finally, the proposed fault diagnosis method is validated through experiments using a 55 kW induction motor with and without a BRB fault. It is implemented with a DSP controller at time intervals of 20, 10, 5, and 4 s for the Fourier series. The proposed diagnosis method performs well under various load conditions and shows that the derived fault signal exhibits a large difference between healthy and BRB faulty induction motors.
Evaluation of the Tooth Surface after Irradiation with Diode Laser Applied for Removal of Dental Microorganisms from Teeth of Patients with Gingivitis, Using X-ray Photoelectron (XPS) and Optical Profilometry (OP)

Gingivitis is accompanied by microorganisms, including pathogens, which must be eliminated to speed up the treatment of inflammation. Laser irradiation may be one of the safe methods for reducing tissue contamination on the tooth surface. The aim of the study was the assessment of the tooth surface in patients with gingivitis after the use of a diode laser to eliminate microorganisms living there. In the first stage of the research, microorganisms were isolated (Candida albicans, C. guilliermondii, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Neisseria subflava, Rothia dentocariosa, Rothia mucilaginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae) from three patients with gingivitis, their identification confirmed using the MALDI-TOF MS technique (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry). Then, the irradiation process with a diode laser was optimized to a wavelength of 810 nm ± 10 nm in five variants to reduce microorganisms on the tooth. The tooth surface was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and optical profilometry (OP) before and after irradiation. 103 to 106 CFU were detected on a 0.4 cm2 tooth area. Nine types of bacteria and two types of fungi dominated among the microorganisms. The laser at the most effective biocidal dose of 25 W/15.000 Hz/10 µs, average = 3.84 W, with three uses after 15 s, increased the reduction of fungi from 57.97% to 93.80%, and bacteria from 30.67% to 100%. This dose also caused a decrease in the degree of oxidation and in the effect of smoothing on the treated surfaces.
Note on strong Aσ-summability

The main object of the paper is to study the inclusions [Aσ, p]⊂[Aσ, q], [Aσ, p]⊂[Bσ, q] and [Aσ, p]∩m⊂[Bσ, q] and to characterizae the spaces M([Aσ, p], [Aσ, q]) and M0([Aσ, p]0, [Aσ, q]0). Here [Aσ, p] and [Aσ, q]0 are certain spaces of strongly summable sequences in terms of an injection σ: N→N and anonnegative infinite matrix A, and M([Aσ, p], [Aσ, q]) is the space of summability factors between [Aσ, p] and [Aσ, q].
Inhibitory activity of carbon quantum dots against Phytophthora infestans and fungal plant pathogens and their effect on dsRNA-induced gene silencing

Abstract Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have many potential applications due to their cell-penetrating ability, biocompatibility and tunable properties. Among a variety of characteristics, the inhibition of bacteria by CQDs is often reported. However, the effect on other microorganisms, such as plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes, is poorly studied. Here we monitored the growth of the oomycete plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans in the presence of CQDs, as well as of another three fungal plant pathogens, namely Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum. Moreover, the ability of CQDs to improve gene silencing caused by exogenous dsRNA in P. infestans was studied, and the toxicity of CQDs to human keratinocytes was evaluated. Our results indicate significant inhibitory activity of CQDs against P. infestans at relatively low concentrations. In a species-specific manner and to a lesser extent, the growth of the three fungal plant pathogens was also affected. We also found that the treatment of P. infestans with naked dsRNA in vitro did not trigger gene silencing. However, the mixture of CQDs with dsRNA increased RNAi efficiency, by causing a significant reduction of the transcript levels of the target gene in developing sporangia. Finally, no cytotoxicity of the CQDs, in the concentrations active against the plant pathogens, was found.
Ask for Reviews at the Right Time: Evidence from Two Field Experiments

This study examines how the timing of review reminders affects the likelihood and quality of product review postings. The authors postulate that review reminders have two distinct effects, depending on the delivery timing. On the one hand, reminders of review posting given immediately or shortly after a product experience may threaten a consumer's freedom and prompt an adverse reaction. On the other hand, as time after the product experience passes, it may be advantageous to revive memories of review posting using delayed review reminders. To evaluate the effect of review reminders, the authors conduct two randomized field experiments. The findings show that immediate reminders reduce the chance of review postings relative to a randomized immediate control group who did not receive a reminder, consistent with the notion that the reactance induced by the violation of freedom due to instant review reminders outweighs the benefit of memory recall. Conversely, delayed reminders significantly increase the likelihood of review posting compared with a randomized delayed control, suggesting that the memory recall benefit surpasses reactance. However, the timing of review reminders has little effect on review content. The study contributes to the literature on the temporal effects of marketing activities and provides practical advice for online marketplaces to collect more product reviews.
The angular momentum of a relative equilibrium

There are two main reasons why relative equilibria of N point masses under the influence of Newton attraction are mathematically more interesting to study when space dimension is at least 4: On the one hand, in a higher dimensional space, a relative equilibrium is determined not only by the initial configuration but also by the choice of a complex structure on the space where the motion takes place; in particular, its angular momentum depends on this choice; On the other hand, relative equilibria are not necessarily periodic: if the configuration is "balanced" but not central, the motion is in general quasi-periodic. In this exploratory paper we address the following question, which touches both aspects: what are the possible frequencies of the angular momentum of a given central (or balanced) configuration and at what values of these frequencies bifurcations from periodic to quasi-periodic relative equilibria do occur ? We give a full answer for relative equilibrium motions in dimension 4 and conjecture that an analogous situation holds true for higher dimensions. A refinement of Horn's problem given by Fomin, Fulton, Li and Poon plays an important role. P.S. The conjecture is now proved (see Alain Chenciner and Hugo Jimenez Perez, Angular momentum and Horn's problem, arXiv:1110.5030v1 [math.DS]).
Human blood shear yield stress and its hematocrit dependence

Human blood cells build a percolating physical gel all over the sample when at rest. This gel is progressively broken when it is continuously sheared in the bulk. It can slip at the wall, a phenomenon that depends on the roughness of the surface. Hence, smooth and rough walls were used to investigate the rheometrical shear properties of blood. A Couette-type rheometer with cylindrical walls allowed the shear rate to be varied in the range 10−3–10 s−1 and the hematocrit in the range 0.53–0.95. Calibration was performed with standard silicon oil. The stress measured at low shear rates with rough walls seemed, indeed, to tend to a constant yield stress value. The value of the shear stress at the shear rate of 10−3 s−1 was taken as a realistic approximation of the yield stress of blood. This yield stress was measured for different values of cell concentration. Data were fitted and showed to be proportional to the cube of the concentration over the range of hematocrit studied. However, variability between the .
Extremal loop weight modules for $U_q(\hat{sl}_\infty)$

We construct by fusion product new irreducible representations of the quantum affinization $U_q(\hat{sl}_\infty)$. The action is defined via the Drinfeld coproduct and is related to the crystal structure of semi-standard tableaux of type $A_\infty$. We call these representations extremal loop weight modules. The main motivations are applications to quantum toroidal algebras $U_q(sl_{n+1}^{tor})$: we prove the conjectural link between $U_q(\hat{sl}_\infty)$ and $U_q(sl_{n+1}^{tor})$ stated in [14] for this family of representations. We recover in this way the extremal loop weight modules obtained in [23].
EEG Network Analysis in Epilepsy with Generalized Tonic–Clonic Seizures Alone

Many contradictory theories regarding epileptogenesis in idiopathic generalized epilepsy have been proposed. This study aims to define the network that takes part in the formation of the spike-wave discharges in patients with generalized tonic–clonic seizures alone (GTCSa) and elucidate the network characteristics. Furthermore, we intend to define the most influential brain areas and clarify the connectivity pattern among them. The data were collected from 23 patients with GTCSa utilizing low-density electroencephalogram (EEG). The source localization of generalized spike-wave discharges (GSWDs) was conducted using the Standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) methodology. Cortical connectivity was calculated utilizing the imaginary part of coherence. The network characteristics were investigated through small-world propensity and the integrated value of influence (IVI). Source localization analysis estimated that most sources of GSWDs were in the superior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate. Graph theory analysis revealed that epileptic sources created a network that tended to be regularized during generalized spike-wave activity. The IVI analysis concluded that the most influential nodes were the left insular gyrus and the left inferior parietal gyrus at 3 and 4 Hz, respectively. In conclusion, some nodes acted mainly as generators of GSWDs and others as influential ones across the whole network.
Perfect simulation for unilateral fields

In this paper we consider two-point unilateral Markov fields on a two-dimensional lattice as considered by Pickard, Galbraith and Walley. We show that, under various ergodicity conditions, they can be perfectly simulated in the stationary state on any finite window. The techniques which are used connect perfect simulation with oriented percolation through suitable coupling constructions.
Vortex Dynamics in the Turbulent Wake of a Single Step Cylinder

The turbulent wake development of a circular cylinder with a single stepwise discontinuity in diameter was investigated experimentally using flow visualization and two-component Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV). A single step cylinder is comprised of two cylinders of different diameters (D and d). Experiments were performed at a Reynolds number (ReD) of 1050 and a diameter ratio (D/d) of two. A combination of hydrogen bubble and laser induced fluorescence techniques allowed visualization of complex vortex dynamics in the near wake. The results show that turbulent vortex shedding from a single step cylinder occurs in three distinct cells of constant shedding frequency. The differences in frequency and strengths between vortices in the cells lead to complex vortex interactions at the cell boundaries. The results demonstrate that vortex splitting, half-loop vortex connections, and direct cross-boundary vortex connections occur near the cell boundaries. A comparative analysis of flow visualizations and velocity measurements is used to characterize the main vortex cells and the attendant vortex interactions, producing a simplified model of vortex dynamics in the step cylinder wake for ReD = 1050 and D/d = 2.
Harvest the Ambient AM Broadcast Radio Energy for Wireless Sensors

A wireless sensor system powered by AM broadcast energy harvesting is presented. A 10 meter length horizontal antenna and a resonant circuit were combined to harvest the electromagnetic energy, in the frequency range from 531 kHz to 1602 kHz. In a typical urban environment, an output voltage up to 14 V and a power of 82 μ W were obtained by a single stage doubler rectifier. A seven-day measurement is implemented to verify the stability of the energy. The output characteristics, multi stage doubler rectifier and implementation of sensor prototype are also discussed. The results indicate that the energy carried by AM radio is sufficient to drive a basic wireless sensor operating in sleep/wakeup mode. The stability and continuity of the harvested energy is superior to solar energy.
Preparation and evaluation of a lateral flow immunochromatographic nanogold diagnostic kit for brucellosis in sheep

Background and Aim: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution. It has a serious impact on the health of humans and animals, along with a negative impact on the economy. This study aimed to prepare and evaluate the diagnostic performance of a lateral flow immunochromatographic test (LFIT) nanogold diagnostic kit for detecting brucellosis in sheep. Materials and Methods: A rapidly developed LFIT, in which lipopolysaccharide conjugates with nanogold molecules, was placed on the conjugate pad. One hundred ovine serum samples were tested to detect Brucella antibodies (Ab) using the prepared lateral flow immunochromatography assay (LFA) kit and Rose Bengal test. The evaluation of specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy for LFIT and Rose Bengal plate test was conducted using the P04310-10 IDEXX brucellosis ovine/caprine Ab enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test (gold standard). Results: The lower amount of Brucella Ab in the ovine serum samples was detected and was 1.58 S/P ratio ELISA titer/100 μL using LFIT and with Rose Bengal to detect 1.86 S/P ratio ELISA. The results showed that the developed LFIT had high specificity with no cross-reactivity with other tested bacteria. The calculated sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of LFIT and Rose Bengal test using the P04310-10 IDEXX brucellosis ovine/caprine Ab ELISA test (gold standard) were 74% and 89%, 81% and 59%, and 76.9% and 66%, respectively. Conclusion: The present results showed interesting results implying that the LFIA strip test could be used as a substantial diagnostic tool for field screening ovine Brucella as an essential step in the control of brucellosis. However, further studies for the validation of the present findings are necessary.
Parametric estimation of the number of classes in a population

This paper deals with the well-studied problem of how best to estimate the number of mutually exclusive and exhaustive classes in a population, based on a sample from it. Haas & Stokes review and provide non-parametric approaches, but there are associated difficulties especially for small sampling fractions and/or widely varying population class sizes. Sichel provided 'GIGP' methodology, for this problem and for other purposes; this paper utilizes the three-parameter GIGP distribution for this problem, and also for the estimation of the number of classes of size 1, as an alternative to the non-parametric approaches. Methodological and computational issues are considered, and examples indicate the potential for GIGP.
Joint Estimation of Channel Responses and Phase Noises in Asynchronous MIMO Systems With Intentional Timing Offset

The reception performance of a Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) system suffers from not only the channel fading but also the phase noise. Accurate and efficient estimation algorithms of channel responses and phase noises that enable high-speed wireless communications in MIMO systems are of broad interest. The prior joint estimation schemes of channel responses and phase noises are designed for synchronous MIMO systems, where symbols transmitted from different transmit antennas are strictly synchronized. However, the estimation performance of the prior schemes suffers from the Inter Antenna Interference (IAI), which further limits the reception performance of a MIMO system. In this paper, we propose an asynchronous MIMO system with intentional timing offset. Based on the proposed asynchronous MIMO system, we further design the Joint Estimation of Channel responses and Phase noises using Intentional Timing Offset (JECP-ITO) scheme. We derive the Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) of the JECP-ITO scheme in closed form. We provide rigorous theoretical comparisons between the JECP-ITO and the prior scheme in terms of IAI and CRLB. Moreover, we implement the proposed scheme and conduct extensive performance comparisons through simulations.
Bladder Management Strategies for Urological Complications in Patients with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction, common in patients with chronic spinal cord injury, inevitably results in urological complications. To address neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction after spinal cord injury, proper and adequate bladder management is important in spinal cord injury rehabilitation, with the goal and priorities of the protection of upper urinary tract function, maintaining continence, preserving lower urinary tract function, improvement of SCI patients’ quality of life, achieving compatibility with patients’ lifestyles, and decreasing urological complications. This concise review aims to help urologists address neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction by focusing on the risks of long-term urological complications and the effects of different bladder management strategies on these complications based on scientifically supported knowledge.
The three-dimensional power spectrum measured from the APM Galaxy Survey – II. Use of the two-dimensional power spectrum

We present the results of a Fourier transform analysis of galaxies from the APM Survey in the magnitude range 17≤b J ≤20. The two-dimensional power spectrum of galaxy clustering is found to obey a power law with K −1.33 , displaying a break at K∼30, where K is the physical wavenumber on the plane of the sky and has units of inverse radians. We compare this with the power spectrum of the Lick Survey using a scaling relationship. We then recover the three-dimensional power spectrum from the two-dimensional power spectrum and reproduce results that we have previously obtained using the angular correlation function. The APM power spectrum in three dimensions is a power law, P(k)∞k −1.25 , for wavenumbers k≥0.2 h Mpc −1
The $p$-adic Gelfand-Kapranov-Zelevinsky hypergeometric complex

To a torus action on a complex vector space, Gelfand, Kapranov and Zelevinsky introduce a system of differential equations, which are now called the GKZ hypergeometric system. Its solutions are GKZ hypergeometric functions. We study the $p$-adic counterpart of the GKZ hypergeometric system. The $p$-adic GKZ hypergeometric complex is a twisted relative de Rham complex of over-convergent differential forms with logarithmic poles. It is an over-holonomic object in the derived category of arithmetic $\mathcal D$-modules with Frobenius structures. Traces of Frobenius on fibers at Techm\"uller points of the GKZ hypergeometric complex define the hypergeometric function over the finite field introduced by Gelfand and Graev. Over the non-degenerate locus, the GKZ hypergeometric complex defines an over-convergent $F$-isocrystal. It is the crystalline companion of the $\ell$-adic GKZ hypergeometric sheaf that we constructed before. Our method is a combination of Dwork's theory and the theory of arithmetic $\mathcal D$-modules of Berthelot.
On Software Defined Radio Issues

The experience of using software-defined radios (SDR) in Future Combat Systems (FCS) is considered. It was the largest and most ambitious program in U.S. Army history. The FCS program began in 2003 and was canceled in 2009 due to software issues. In 2005, FCS software in development was estimated at 63.8 million lines of code. The FCS had to get its own operating system (SOSCOE) and required the development of more than 100 programming interfaces for external applications. A key failure is seen in the CORBA programming methodology. CORBA was introduced in the 1990s and was created for the portability of remote procedure call (RPC) applications within distributed systems. The Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) played a major liaison role in the FCS program. JTRS was supposed to replace about 30 different military systems. In this case, the JTRS devices had to act as a phone, a computer, and a network router at the same time. JTRS was supposed to become a connecting component for all 18 weapons systems (combat vehicles, manned aircraft, drones, missiles, etc.) that were combined into FCS. SDR contained more than four million lines of code. The JTRS project was launched in 1997, but military customers canceled the project as early as 2011 after it failed integration tests. The failures of the FCS and JTRS programs meant that the concept of network-centric warfare was never realized. Currently, there is a turn towards decision-oriented warfare based on artificial intelligence.
Electric field induced changes in the coercivity of a thin-film ferromagnet

Data are presented which indicate a modification of magnetic anisotropy in the MgO/CoFeB/Pd and MgO/CoFeB/Pt systems, using electric fields of order 500 MV m−1 (0.5 V nm−1) applied across a thermally grown SiO2 as a gate dielectric. The effect is most prominent at low temperature (12 K) and is manifested as a small change in coercivity. The sign of the effect depends on the choice of both capping layer and annealing temperature. The results suggest that both interfaces play a role in the appearance of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in these thin-film stacks, and not just the interface with MgO.