Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Positive anxiety as an affective component of shadowing in language learning and use

Language anxiety, as an affective component of second/foreign language learning, has been studied since the 1970s. Recognized as a complex phenomenon with a significant impact on language learning and use, this paper explores the effects of positive anxiety in shadowing on language learning and use. Shadowing serves as a technique for simultaneous interpretation and second/foreign language learning. Since the 1990s, successful application of shadowing for language learning purposes has been observed in Japan. However, distinctions exist between shadowing for simultaneous interpretation and language learning, with the former involving unknown authentic audio and audiovisual texts in the student's first language, and the latter utilizing shorter sequences in the student's second/foreign language with known content. This paper presents two ethnographic instances in which the shadowing method for simultaneous interpretation was employed to enhance second language learning for adult learners and public service interpretation students. Additionally, it showcases an ethnographic example of shadowing designed for regular foreign language students—learning German, Spanish, French, English and Italian—and immigrant students learning Norwegian and English at an upper secondary school in Norway. The findings hold significance for researchers, language teachers, and learners, revealing that language learning students improved not only their listening and oral skills, but also achieved deep learning wherein language-dependent discourse, syntax, phraseology, and vocabulary were retained in long-term memory. Moreover, the research indicates that students often experienced symptoms of healthy/positive anxiety, suggesting a vital role of positive anxiety in the foreign language learning process. However, further research in this domain is needed. / Keywords: second/foreign language learning, shadowing, positive anxiety, deep learning, listening and oral skills
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PALM-BASED MILK YOGHURT WITH DAIRY AND COCONUT MILK YOGHURT BASED ON PROXIMATE, TEXTURE AND AMINO ACID ANALYSIS

Palm-based milk is one of the derivative products of the local palm oil industry. Currently, it is being sold as an alternative ingredient to coconut milk. However, palm-based milk is a potential ingredient and can be utilised to make new food products. This is in line with the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of using local resources to make food products. In this preliminary study, palm-based milk is being developed into a plant-based yoghurt. To assess the feasibility of the palm-based milk yoghurt, seven formulations consisting of a combination of three types of common yoghurt starter cultures were made. These seven formulations of palm-based milk yoghurts will be compared against dairy yoghurts and coconut milk yoghurts of the same formulation. Based on the result, palm-based milk yoghurt has the highest lipid content among the three types of yoghurt. As such, it can be marketed as an energy-dense yoghurt. However, it is lacking in several aspects of proximate and amino acid content, viscosity and high rate of syneresis when compared to the other yoghurt types in this study. Suggestions for mitigating this issue in palm-based milk yoghurt are also given in this study.
Effects of Dietary Galla Chinensis Tannin Supplementation on Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Broilers

The current study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary Galla Chinensis tannin (GCT) supplementation on antioxidant capacity and gut microbiota composition in broilers. Two hundred eighty-eight Arbor Acres broiler chicks were divided into the CON group and the GCT group; each treatment group contained 6 replicates with 24 broiler chicks per replicate for a period of 42 days, and were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg GCT. Results revealed that GCT supplementation significantly increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (p < 0.05) and significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MAD) concentrations in serum (p < 0.05) and significantly increased GSH-Px and catalase (CAT) (p < 0.05) and significantly decreased MDA concentrations in the small intestine. In addition, GCT significantly up-regulated (p < 0.05) the gene expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1), and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1). High-throughput sequencing results showed that GCT supplementation significantly increased abundances of Faecalibacterium and Megamonas (p < 0.05). These findings will contribute to our understanding of the effects of dietary Galla Chinensis tannin supplementation on antioxidant capacity and intestinal microbiota composition in broilers.
Hybrid-Frequency-Resolution Adaptive Kalman Filter for Online Identification of Long Acoustic Responses With Low Input-Output Latency

Online acoustic system identification is one of the most challenging tasks for adaptive filters. Along with the desired accuracy in applications such as acoustic echo cancellation, it bears requirements of accommodating high-order systems (i.e., long acoustic impulse responses) while maintaining low input-output latency. These simultaneous requirements by now have been frequently addressed by multi-delay filters (MDF) a.k. a. partitioned-block frequency-domain adaptive filters (PBFDAF) with sectioned filter representation. In this article, on the contrary, we consider a monolithic representation of high-order acoustic systems and yet constrain to identification with low input-output latency. For block-frequency-domain processing this approach therefore entails a hybrid frequency resolution with respect to system input and output. Further considering a first-order state-space temporal evolution of the acoustic system, we can rely on the Kalman filter framework for derivation of a hybrid-frequency-resolution adaptive Kalman filter (HyKF) algorithm for acoustic system identification with inherent robustness to double-talk and acoustic noise. Given the broad landscape of existing adaptive filter algorithms, the HyKF here turns out to be an entity of its own. Experimentally, it is demonstrated that the HyKF solution considerably improves rate of convergence and system accuracy over former MDF and former frequency-domain adaptive Kalman filters (FDKF). This development is motivated by recently increased attention for employing adaptive filters in deep learning frameworks for acoustic echo control.
Algunas relaciones iónicas simples para determinar la calidad del agua subterránea en un distrito de riego en México

A simple methodology is presented to predict some groundwater parameters, major anions and cations, and total dissolved solids (TDS), from some others that can be easily determined, like pH and electrical conductivity (EC). within the area of the irrigation district (ID) 038 Rio Mayo, Sonora, Mexico. Multiple linear models were used to determine such relationships. The first step was to determine the frequency distribution of all parameters. It was found that EC, Ca, Mg, Na+ and TDS exhibited a log-normal distribution. These distributions were normalized through the logarithmic (base 10) transformation of the data, so classical regression statistics could be applied. The anions did not present well-defined frequency distributions, however they were also log-transformed. All models expressed all anions, cations, and TDS as a function of log-EC and pH. In all cases, correlation coefficients were higher than 0.94, and all residual errors were lower than 0.06. As a final step, correlations between estimated and ground-truth data were assessed in order to verify the predictive capability of the regression models. These correlations were very low for all anions, CI-, SO= and HCO (R = 0.238, 0.284, 0.366, respectively), but resulted relatively higher for all cations (R >0.960) and TDS (R=0.999). It was concluded that the concentration of Ca, Mg and Na+ (meq/L), and TDS (mg/L) can be estimated from just EC (dS/m) and pH within acceptable confidence levels (R = 0.992, 0.990, 0.988 and 0.999, respectively). The non-defined frequency distribution of the anions did not allow the regression analysis to be applied as a predictive tool.
The Development of Computational Models for Melting-Solidification Applications Using the Volume-Of-Fluid Method

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv TABLE OF CONTENTS . v LIST OF FIGURES . vii LIST OF TABLES . ix LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS . x CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 Background on Computational Fluid Dynamics . 1 Background on CMAS and TBC . 4 CHAPTER TWO: DIRECTLY RESOLVED CMAS PARTICLE . 1
Fixed‐time synchronization in multilayer networks with delay Cohen–Grossberg neural subnets via adaptive quantitative control

In this paper, fixed‐time synchronization of nonlinear stochastic coupling multilayer neural networks is studied. The neural subnets in the multilayer networks are delay Cohen–Grossberg neural networks (DCGNNs). To overcome uncertain factors, we designed an adaptive delay‐dependent controller in synchronization. To describe constraints of communication and other related problems in networks, which are due to limitations for bit rates and bandwidths in communication channels, an adaptive fixed‐time control strategy is purposed by introducing quantization signal input. A theoretical framework about fixed‐time synchronization in multilayer delay Cohen–Grossberg neural networks (MDCGNNs) is established. We find that fixed settling time is related to the scale of MDCGNNs, characteristics of the designed controller parameters, and level of quantization. Finally, the effective of the theoretical framework is validated in an example.
A Singe Low Phase Noise Push-Push Vco for 72 Ghz

This paper describes a monolithically integrated push-push oscillator fabricated in a production-near SiGe:C bipolar technology. The transistors used in this work show a maximum transit frequency fT = 200 GHz and a maximum frequency of oscillation fmax = 275 GHz. For the passive circuitry transmission-line components, integrated spiral inductors and MIM-capacitors are used. The oscillator output frequency can be tuned from 67.8 GHz to 74.6 GHz. In this frequency range the output power varies between −2.6 dBm and −0.6 dBm while the measured single sideband phase noise is less than −103 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency. INTRODUCTION The availability of suitable signal sources is a precondition for the application of SiGe technology in millimeter wave systems [1]. In recent years great advances in SiGe hetero bipolar transistor technology have been made [4]. Due to the significant lower costs, compared to III/V based technologies, SiGe integrated circuits can open up mass markets for millimeter wave systems. Enhanced circuit concepts as the push-push topology allow to reach a maximum in performance for a given technology. CIRCUIT CONCEPT In this work we make use of the push-push oscillator principle. In this case two subcircuits oscillate in odd mode at the fundamental frequency f0 and the first harmonic at f1 = 2 f0 is coupled to the output port [2, 3]. The generated signals of the two suboscillators are given by s1(t) = ∞ ∑ n=0 an · sin(ωnt + φn) (1) s2(t) = ∞ ∑ n=0 an · sin(ωnt + φn + (n + 1)π). (2) The spectral components have the same amplitudes an and differ only in phase by (n + 1) ·π , while n is the harmonic index. The output signal is the sum of the two suboscillator signals s(t) = ∞ ∑ n=1,3,. 2 · an · sin(ωnt + φn). (3) Due to the phase differences of the fundamental frequency and the even harmonics, these frequency contributions cancel out, while the odd harmonics add in phase. Hence, in a proper operating push-push oscillator power is delivered to the load only at the odd harmonics f1, f3, . Efficient operation of the circuit is obtained, when both suboscillators operate at the same idling frequency f0 and stable odd mode operation is ensured. As the two suboscillators oscillate at halve of the output frequency, higher resonator Q-factors are available. Furthermore, in a push-push oscillator the fundamental frequency signal is terminated by a ‘virtual ground’. Thus, the loaded Q-factor 60 μm L 25 μm 10 μm Q3 60 μm
The chromatic polynomial

After introducing the concept of the chromatic polynomial of a graph, we describe its basic properties and present a few examples. We continue with observing how the coefficients and roots relate to the structure of the underlying graph, with emphasis on a theorem by Sokal bounding the complex roots based on the maximal degree. We also prove an improved version of this theorem. Finally we look at the Tutte polynomial, a generalization of the chromatic polynomial, and some of its applications.
Matching Road Edges in Stereo-Image Sequences Using Data Association Techniques

The need for digital land-related information has grown tremendously to serve the needs of geographic information systems (GIS). Road network data is of special interest to GIS. Mobile mapping systems (MMS), which proved to be accurate and efficient data collection devices, can best capture this data. In this paper, road edges are detected and tracked in a sequence of image pairs. At successive image pairs, the system discerns the observations that are believed to originate from the features initialized in the first stereo pair. Data association algorithms offer the solution to this problem. The tracking procedure can be carried out for each target (road edge) independently using the Nearest-Neighbor Standard Algorithm (NNSA). Another approach is to perform the tracking by considering all targets and observations simultaneously using the Multiple Hypothesis Approach (MHA). The NNSA is being used in most photogrammetric applications requiring feature tracking in image sequences. The NNSA performs poorly when several targets compete for the same observation, especially when dealing with targets that are spatially close. This problem is accounted for in the MHA. Data association techniques have the advantage of offering a statistical measure, which indicates the probability of the matching hypothesis being the right one. In this paper, tracking road edges in stereo-image sequences tested both the NNSA and the MHA. The MHA proved to be superior to the NNSA. The tracked road edges can be used to update the motion parameters of the system between the involved image pairs and also to autonomously navigate the MMS within the tracked road boundaries.
International waters: identifying basins at risk

Despite the growing literature on water and conflict in international river basins, little empirical work has been done to bolster common conclusions which are so widely reported. In order to address this gap, we set out to assess all reported events of either conflict or cooperation between nations over water resources during the last 50 years and to use these events to inform the identification of basins at greatest risk of political stress in the near future (5‐10 years). The study is divided into three components: 1. Compilation and assessment of relevant biophysical, socio-economic and geopolitical data in a global Geographic Information System (GIS), and use of these factors to determine history-based indicators for future tensions along international waterways. 2. Using these indicators, identification of basins at risk for the coming decade. 3. Identification and assessment of the potential for mitigating factors and new technologies resulting in a future different than that predicted by history-based indicators. In general, we find that most of the parameters regularly identified as indicators of water conflict are actually only weakly linked to disputes, but that institutional capacity within a basin, whether defined as water management bodies or treaties, or generally positive international relations are as important, if not more so, than the physical aspects of a system. It turns out then that very rapid changes, either on the institutional side or in the physical system, which outpace the institutional capacity to absorb that change, are at the root of most water conflict, as reflected in two sets of indicators: 1) “internationalized” basins, i.e. basins which include the management structures of newly independent states, and 2) basins which include unilateral development projects and the absence of cooperative regimes. By taking our parameters of rapid change as indicators—internationalized basins and major planned projects in hostile and/or institution-less basins—we are able to identify the basins with settings which suggest the potential for political stresses in the coming five to ten years. These basins include: the Ganges‐Brahmaputra, Han, Incomati, Kunene, Kura-Araks, Lake Chad, La Plata, Lempa, Limpopo, Mekong, Ob (Ertis), Okavango, Orange, Salween, Senegal, Tumen and Zambezi. We then identify “red flags,” or markers related to these indicators, which might be monitored in the future.
Reporting in the Age of Coronavirus: Alternating Between “Shoe-Leather” and “Slippers” Journalism

This research used in-depth interviews with international journalists to examine the newsgathering practices they employed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Building upon interview data, this study introduces the concept of “slippers” journalism, which accompanies working-from-home practices, suggesting that reporters primarily collected information for their stories online through social media, video apps, and other online sources. These circumstances prompted them to reevaluate the concept of traditional “shoe-leather” practices in newsgathering, emphasizing their relevance in times of crisis. Data suggest that although reporters embraced digital alternatives in acquiring news, they stressed the importance of being on the ground, as it allows them to witness events, verify information, talk with sources, obtain unexpected facts, provide comprehensive coverage of diverse issues, and understand the context of events.
Software Source Code Plagiarism Detection Using Latent Semantic Analysis

: Plagiarism is a main problem in academia. Academics often use plagiarism detection system or tools to detect similar source-code files in a program. Similar files are detected, the system proceeds with the investigation process which involves detecting the similar source code fragments with in evidence for proving plagiarism. This system describes tools that can be integrated with existing plagiarism detection to improve plagiarism detection performance. The system can be implements new thing between source-code to gathering corpus files. The source code content indicates the relative importance given source-code fragments across files in a corpus. This system is done using the latent semantic analysis, retrieving data technique, and detecting plagairism is important within the specific files under relation the corpus .
Randomized Algorithms for Tracking Distributed Count , Frequencies , and Ranks

This essay deals with count-, frequencyand rank-tracking, which are fundamental distributed tracking problems. The results presented in this essay are not based on own ressearch, but instead are a presentation of the results achieved by Zengfeng Huang, Ke Yi, and Qin Zhang[1]. We use two-way communication and randomization in order to achieve signi cant improvements over previous results. Our basic algorithm is introduced in the count-tracking problem, in which k distributed sites each hold a counter ni that is equal to the amount of elements that the respective site has received from a data stream. The task that needs to be solved is that an additional member of the network wants to know an -approximation of n := ∑k i=1 ni at all times. It is proven in previous works that deterministic solutions to this problem need Ω(k/ · logN) communication. We will show that through two-way communication and randomization, this can be reduced to O( √ k/ · logN). For the other two problems, we will use the insights and the algorithm developed for the count-tracking problem to achieve similar results.
International Union of Pharmacology LVIII: Update on the P2Y G Protein-Coupled Nucleotide Receptors: From Molecular Mechanisms and Pathophysiology to Therapy

There have been many advances in our knowledge about different aspects of P2Y receptor signaling since the last review published by our International Union of Pharmacology subcommittee. More receptor subtypes have been cloned and characterized and most orphan receptors deorphanized, so that it is now possible to provide a basis for a future subdivision of P2Y receptor subtypes. More is known about the functional elements of the P2Y receptor molecules and the signaling pathways involved, including interactions with ion channels. There have been substantial developments in the design of selective agonists and antagonists to some of the P2Y receptor subtypes. There are new findings about the mechanisms underlying nucleotide release and ectoenzymatic nucleotide breakdown. Interactions between P2Y receptors and receptors to other signaling molecules have been explored as well as P2Y-mediated control of gene transcription. The distribution and roles of P2Y receptor subtypes in many different cell types are better understood and P2Y receptor-related compounds are being explored for therapeutic purposes. These and other advances are discussed in the present review.
The role of cognitive individual differences in digital versus pen-and-paper writing

It is unknown whether and to what extent cognitive individual differences may play different roles in paper versus computer-based second language (L2) writing. This exploratory study is a first attempt to explore this issue, focusing on the effects of working memory and language aptitude on the quality of paper versus computer-based L2 writing performance. Forty-two Spanish learners of L2 English performed a problem-solving task either digitally or on paper, took a working memory n-back test, and completed LLAMA tests to measure language aptitude. The quality of their L2 written texts was assessed in terms of complexity, accuracy and fluency (CAF) measures. The results indicated that the role of cognitive individual differences may vary depending on the writing environment.
Ventilation during COVID-19 in a school for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD)

Background: This study examined the correlation of classroom ventilation (air exchanges per hour (ACH)) and exposure to CO2 [≥]1,000 ppm with the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 over a 20-month period in a specialized school for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). These students were at a higher risk of respiratory infection from SARS-CoV-2 due to challenges in tolerating mitigation measures (e.g. masking). One in-school measure that is suspected to help mitigate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in schools is classroom ventilation. Methods: We established a community engaged research partnership between the University of Rochester and the Mary Cariola Center school for students with IDD. Ambient CO2 levels were measured in 100 rooms in the school, and air changes per hour (ACH) were calculated. The number of SARS-CoV-2 cases for each room was collected over 20 months. Results: 97% of rooms had an estimated ACH [≤]4.0, with 7% having CO2 levels [≥]1,000 PPM for up to 3 hours per school day. A statistically significant correlation was found between the time that a room had CO2 levels [≥]1,000 PPM and per-room SARS-CoV-2 PCR confirmed cases, accounting for 21% of the variance. No statistically significant correlation was found for room ACH and per-room SARS-CoV-2 cases. These findings led to ongoing efforts to upgrade the ventilation systems in this community engaged research project. Conclusions: There was a statistically significant correlation between the total time of room CO2 levels [≥]1,000 PPM during the school day and SARS-CoV-2 cases in that room in an IDD school. This research partnership identified areas for improving in-school ventilation.