Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-voltage test of feedthroughs for a high-power ICRF antenna

A feedthrough is one of the most important parts of an ion cyclotron range of frequencies antenna for plasma heating in nuclear fusion devices. It must transmit RF power while keeping the antenna in high vacuum, and support antenna elements against electromagnetic forces and thermal stress. The standoff voltage, a key property for high-power transmission, is experimentally studied for six different types of feedthroughs. The Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute and Oak Ridge National Laboratory types show a standoff voltage of 40-52 kV with the pulse length 1 s, which indicates the possibility of power injection 1-1.6 MW in the present 50-/spl Omega/ systems. If a 30-/spl Omega/ feedthrough designed for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor antenna, has a similar standoff voltage, 3-4 MW can be injected. Here, the antenna loading resistance is assumed as 3 /spl Omega/. In particular, the PPPL and MIT types show higher standoff voltages, which is inferred to be due to the design of the base flange covering the ceramic end. Multipactoring is observed in the voltage range less than 0.9-1.6 kV as predicted, but it is not a crucial problem. Therefore, a key point in designing a high-voltage standoff feedthrough is the optimization of the base flange and the ceramic ends.
Infinite Non-simple C*-Algebras: Absorbing the Cuntz Algebra O∞

Abstract The first named author has given a classification of all separable, nuclear C*-algebras A that absorb the Cuntz algebra O ∞. (We say that A absorbs O ∞ if A is isomorphic to A⊗ O ∞.) Motivated by this classification we investigate here if one can give an intrinsic characterization of C*-algebras that absorb O ∞. This investigation leads us to three different notions of pure infiniteness of a C*-algebra, all given in terms of local, algebraic conditions on the C*-algebra. The strongest of the three properties, strongly purely infinite, is shown to be equivalent to absorbing O ∞ for separable, nuclear C*-algebras that either are stable or have an approximate unit consisting of projections. In a previous paper (2000, Amer. J. Math.122, 637–666), we studied an intermediate, and perhaps more natural, condition: purely infinite, that extends a well known property for simple C*-algebras. The weakest condition of the three, weakly purely infinite, is shown to be equivalent to the absence of quasitraces in an ultrapower of the C*-algebra. The three conditions may be equivalent for all C*-algebras, and we prove this to be the case for C*-algebras that are either simple, of real rank zero, or approximately divisible.
Controlling turbulence in coupled map lattice systems using feedback techniques

We report the suppression of spatiotemporal chaos observed in coupled map lattices. Suppression is achieved using different feedback techniques, most of which are applicable to actual experimental situations. Results from application of feedback control to a single chaotic element (single map) are presented to demonstrate similarities in the dynamical response of a single system and an extended system under the influence of external feedback.
Thick accretion disks - Self-similar, supercritical models

We generate self-similar models for geometrically thick, supercritical accretion disks, and study their structure and stability. By assumption, our models are characterized by near-equilibrium between gravity, centrifugal force, and radiation pressure. Slow nonazimuthal currents are driven by the viscous transport of angular momentum, which also dissipates binding energy. In contrast with thin disks, which are able to cool efficiently, the energy dissipated in a thick disk is partially trapped, resulting in large pressure gradients, sub-Keplerian angular velocities, and a shear stress which is no longer unidirectional. The assumption that hydrodynamic quantities scale as power laws in radius enables us to compute the disk structure as a function of angle from the rotation axis, given a model for the viscosity law. The structure of the interior of the disk is sensitive to the viscosity law, as well as to the degree of pressure support on the equator. Virtually all models possess a ''surface'' at which the pressure drops sharply to zero. The behavior of other hydrodynamic quantities near the surface depend on the viscosity law, but not on the degree of pressure support on the equator. All models appear to be unstable to local axisymmetric perturbations at sufficiently high latitudes. Adiabaticmore » and inviscid interchanges of fluid elements lead to convection which brings the disk to marginal stability in a dynamical time. Short-wavelength instabilities, driven in part by viscosity, tend to make the disk barytropic, but are too slow to reorganize the disk structure on a viscous time scale. Future models of thick accretion disks should take into account their convective nature, as well as the dependence of their structure on the viscosity law. « less
Bioprocess Development and Characterization of a 13C-Labeled Hybrid Bispecific Antibody Produced in Escherichia coli

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are highly efficacious therapeutics; however, due to their large, dynamic nature, structural perturbations and regional modifications are often difficult to study. Moreover, the homodimeric, symmetrical nature of mAbs makes it difficult to elucidate which heavy chain (HC)-light chain (LC) pairs are responsible for any structural changes, stability concerns, and/or site-specific modifications. Isotopic labeling is an attractive means for selectively incorporating atoms with known mass differences to enable identification/monitoring using techniques such as mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). However, the isotopic incorporation of atoms into proteins is typically incomplete. Here we present a strategy for incorporating 13C-labeling of half antibodies using an Escherichia coli fermentation system. Unlike previous attempts to generate isotopically labeled mAbs, we provide an industry-relevant, high cell density process that yielded >99% 13C-incorporation using 13C-glucose and 13C-celtone. The isotopic incorporation was performed on a half antibody designed with knob-into-hole technology to enable assembly with its native (naturally abundant) counterpart to generate a hybrid bispecific (BsAb) molecule. This work is intended to provide a framework for producing full-length antibodies, of which half are isotopically labeled, in order to study the individual HC-LC pairs.
Turbomachinery blade optimization using the Navier-Stokes equations

A method is presented to perform aerodynamic design optimization of turbomachinery blades. The method couples a Navier-Stokes flow solver with a grid generator and numerical optimization algorithm to seek improved designs for transonic turbine blades. A fast and efficient multigrid, finite-volume flow solver provides accurate performance evaluations of potential designs. Design variables consist of smooth perturbations to the blade surface. A unique elliptic-hyperbolic grid generation method is used to regenerate a Navier-Stokes grid after perturbations have been added to the geometry. Designs are sought which improve a design objective while remaining within specified constraints. The method is demonstrated with two transonic turbine blades with different types and numbers of design variables.
Peningkatan keahlian guru membuat media pembelajaran fisika interaktif berorientasi keterampilan problem-solving melalui quizizz-web

Penggunaan teknologi semakin maju sehingga dunia pendidikan harus mengikuti adanya perkembangan tersebut, terutama dalam menunjang keterampilan abad-21 siswa salah satunya keterampilan problem-solving. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh WEBIMLAT terhadap keahlian guru fisika membuat media pembelajaran interaktif berorientasi keterampilan problem solving melalui Quizizz-web. Penelitian ini melibatkan total 27 guru fisika dari berbagai provinsi di Indonesia. Kegiatan WEBIMLAT ini terdiri dari beberapa tahap, yaitu Webinar, Pelatihan, Pendampingan dan Bimbingan. Guru-guru fisika sebagai peserta pelatihan menunjukkan bebapa capaian, yaitu: a) peserta mampu merancang media pembelajaran interaktif dengan memanfaatkan platform Quizizz-web untuk melatihkan keterampilan problem-solving siswa, b) peserta mampu membuat media presentasi berorientasi keterampilan problem-solving, dan c) peserta merasa memiliki pengetahuan terkait cara menyusun soal evaluasi yang memuat indikator physics problem-solving. Melalui kegiatan WEBIMLAT ini keahlian guru dalam membuat pembelajaran interaktif untuk melatih keterampilan problem-solving siswa mengalami peningkatan dan sangat berkembang.
Influence of the Dietary Supplement of Protected Calcium Butyrate in Growing Japanese Quail Diets on Performance, Carcass Parameters, Blood Serum Biochemical Status, Meat Quality and Jejunum Histomorphology.

In this trial, it was planned to determine the effect of protected calcium butyrate (PCB) supplemented at different amounts on performance, carcass characteristics, blood biochemical values, jejunum histomorphology, and meat traits in Japanese quails. 196 one-day-old unsexed Japanese quails divided into 4 groups with 7 replicates. A conventional corn and soybean meal-based diet was formulated, and all groups’ diets were supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg PCB respectively for 42 days. From the results, PCB supplementation significantly improved body weight (BW) on the 21st day, body weight gain (BWG) between 0 to 21 days, hot carcass yield (HCY), relative weights of the hearth. Similarly, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and villus height (VH) levels were lower in PCB supplemented groups. Besides, PCB supplementation in Japanese quails decreased villus-crypt rate (VCR) except for the control and the group fed with 2.0 g/kg PCB. This study showed that dietary PCB supplementation in Japanese quails’ diet improved growth performance in young chicks and carcass yield, BUN, and lipid profile. On the other hand, the supplementation didn’t affect the antioxidant status, homocysteine, and folic acid values in blood and meat traits.
Stability of the Wurtzite Structure

An analysis of available data for 20 wurtzite compounds of the ${A}^{N}{B}^{8\ensuremath{-}N}$ type shows that the stability as compared with zinc blende is closely connected with deviations of the $\frac{c}{a}$ ratio from the ideal value of 1.633. A simple qualitative model is proposed to account for this feature. The variation in $\frac{c}{a}$ is then correlated with the charge parameter $\frac{\mathrm{ZC}}{\ensuremath{\hbar}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{p}}$, where $Z$ is the (effective) valence, $C$ Phillips's electronegativity difference, and $\ensuremath{\hbar}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{p}$ the plasma energy of the free-valence-electron gas. The results indicate that $\frac{c}{a}$ may be predicted with an uncertainty of 0.1%.
A retrospective comparative forecast test on the 1992 Landers sequence

[1] We perform a retrospective forecast experiment on the 1992 Landers sequence comparing the predictive power of commonly used model frameworks for short-term earthquake forecasting. We compare a modified short-term earthquake probability (STEP) model, six realizations of the epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model, and four models that combine Coulomb stress changes calculations and rate-and-state theory to generate seismicity rates (CRS models). We perform the experiment under the premise of a controlled environment with predefined conditions for the testing region and data for all modelers. We evaluate the forecasts with likelihood tests to analyze spatial consistency and the total amount of forecasted events versus observed data. We find that (1) 9 of the 11 models perform superior compared to a simple reference model, (2) ETAS models forecast the spatial evolution of seismicity best and perform best in the entire test suite, (3) the modified STEP model matches best the total number of events, (4) CRS models can only compete with empirical statistical models by introducing stochasticity in these models considering uncertainties in the finite-fault source model, and (5) resolving Coulomb stress changes on 3-D optimally oriented planes is more adequate for forecasting purposes than using the specified receiver fault concept. We conclude that statistical models perform generally better than the tested physics-based models and parameter value updates using the occurrence of aftershocks generally improve the predictive power in particular for the purely statistical models in space and time.
Interphase formation with carboxylic acids as slurry additives for Si electrodes in Li-ion batteries. Part 2: a photoelectron spectroscopy study

Preparing aqueous silicon slurries in presence of a low-pH buffer improves the cycle life of silicon electrodes considerably because of higher reversibility of the alloying process and higher resilience towards volume changes during (de)alloying. While the positive effects of processing at low pH have been demonstrated repeatedly, there are gaps in understanding of the buffer’s role during the slurry preparation and the effect of buffer residues within the electrode during cycling. This study uses a combination of soft and hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate the silicon particle interface after aqueous processing in both pH-neutral and citrate-buffered environments. Further, silicon electrodes are investigated after ten cycles in half-cells to identify the processing-dependant differences in the surface layer composition. By tuning the excitation energy between 100 eV and 7080 eV, a wide range of probing depths were sampled to vertically map the electrode surface from top to bulk. The results demonstrate that the citrate-buffer becomes an integral part of the surface layer on Si particles and is, together with the electrode binder, part of an artificial solid-electrolyte interphase that is created during the electrode preparation and drying.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea- A Comprehensive Review of Risk Factors, Pathogenesis and Management

Sleep is a blessing to humans. Good quality of sleep helps people to live and enjoy their lives. Obstructive sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder accompanied by the onset of sleep, apnea or hypopnea , choking sensation and loud snoring. Chronic obstructive sleep apnea may leads to systemic side effects especially on cardiovascular system and other vital body organs. Although exact etiology is unknown, various factors may contribute to the development of obstructive sleep apnea. The diagnosis is made by multiple methods. treatment is also multimodality depends on the type and severity. This review article is written in order to provide an insight to the risk factors, pathogenesis, and management of obstructive sleep apnea. Especial emphasis is made on the dentist's role, duties, and responsibilities in the diagnosis and management of obstructive sleep apnea.
Balancing and swinging-up control for cart-pendulum-seesaw system by decomposed fuzzy coordination control

Using a combination of the cart-seesaw and the inverted pendulum system, this paper presents a novel laboratory apparatus called the cart-pendulum-seesaw (CPS) system. The proposed pneumatic CPS is a classic example of a super articulated mechanical system. The resulting system has two inputs: a force applied to the cart and another force applied to the loading cart which tries to balance the seesaw test-bed. With two inputs and four available for the measurement outputs, the unstable multi-input-multi-output system offers an interesting control challenge. This study breaks down the system into several tasks, one for pendulum swinging up and the other for seesaw balancing. The pendulum is first swung up; then, balancing the pendulum at the upright position with a fuzzy controller, the seesaw is balanced by another fuzzy controller. This study incorporates a fuzzy coordinator into the seesaw system to take control action in extreme situations. The experimental device is used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed methodology. Unlike other model-based methods, the proposed fuzzy control methodology does not need an accurate measurement of all state parameters; moreover, it is robust for parameter changes and other disturbances in the system.
Modal Filter Based on a Microstrip Line With Two Side Conductors Grounded at Both Ends

This article presents a modal filter (MF) based on a microstrip line with two side conductors grounded at both ends. New analytical expressions for calculating the time response in such a structure are given. For their validation, an MF prototype was made and the transmission coefficient was measured in the frequency range from 0 to 12 GHz. In addition, the full-wave electrodynamic simulation and the analysis based on the transmission line theory were carried out. The MF frequency responses were converted into time domain responses in the Advanced Design System. At the MF output, the responses to an ultra-wideband pulse, a high-frequency damped sinusoid, and a sinusoid with Gaussian modulation were analyzed. The results for the analytical model are in good agreement with the results of measurements and simulations by the two approaches. It was experimentally proven that the structure under study provides the protection of electrical circuits from different types of interference by separating them in time and decreasing their effect on the components. Finally, signal integrity was evaluated for two data rates. It was found that the MF under investigation may be used in signal circuits up to 1 Gb/s.
Control and Optimisation of Power Grids Using Smart Meter Data: A Review

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the applications of smart meters in the control and optimisation of power grids to support a smooth energy transition towards the renewable energy future. The smart grids become more complicated due to the presence of small-scale low inertia generators and the implementation of electric vehicles (EVs), which are mainly based on intermittent and variable renewable energy resources. Optimal and reliable operation of this environment using conventional model-based approaches is very difficult. Advancements in measurement and communication technologies have brought the opportunity of collecting temporal or real-time data from prosumers through Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). Smart metering brings the potential of applying data-driven algorithms for different power system operations and planning services, such as infrastructure sizing and upgrade and generation forecasting. It can also be used for demand-side management, especially in the presence of new technologies such as EVs, 5G/6G networks and cloud computing. These algorithms face privacy-preserving and cybersecurity challenges that need to be well addressed. This article surveys the state-of-the-art of each of these topics, reviewing applications, challenges and opportunities of using smart meters to address them. It also stipulates the challenges that smart grids present to smart meters and the benefits that smart meters can bring to smart grids. Furthermore, the paper is concluded with some expected future directions and potential research questions for smart meters, smart grids and their interplay.
Mitochondrial DNA Deficiency and Supplementation in Sus scrofa Oocytes Influence Transcriptome Profiles in Oocytes and Blastocysts

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deficiency correlates with poor oocyte quality and fertilisation failure. However, the supplementation of mtDNA deficient oocytes with extra copies of mtDNA improves fertilisation rates and embryo development. The molecular mechanisms associated with oocyte developmental incompetence, and the effects of mtDNA supplementation on embryo development are largely unknown. We investigated the association between the developmental competence of Sus scrofa oocytes, assessed with Brilliant Cresyl Blue, and transcriptome profiles. We also analysed the effects of mtDNA supplementation on the developmental transition from the oocyte to the blastocyst by longitudinal transcriptome analysis. mtDNA deficient oocytes revealed downregulation of genes associated with RNA metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation, including 56 small nucleolar RNA genes and 13 mtDNA protein coding genes. We also identified the downregulation of a large subset of genes for meiotic and mitotic cell cycle process, suggesting that developmental competence affects the completion of meiosis II and first embryonic cell division. The supplementation of oocytes with mtDNA in combination with fertilisation improves the maintenance of the expression of several key developmental genes and the patterns of parental allele-specific imprinting gene expression in blastocysts. These results suggest associations between mtDNA deficiency and meiotic cell cycle and the developmental effects of mtDNA supplementation on Sus scrofa blastocysts.
Circuit design by minimization using the Hessian matrix

The Hessian matrix of the objective function in the problem of circuit design by minimization can be determined explicitly and its use in a second-order minimization process is now feasible and is presented. The process begins with the steepest descent method, followed by a generalized Newton method. At each iteration, the incremental step as prescribed by the respective method is taken unless the function is locally increasing, in which case, the direction is reversed. If the function has increased at a trial point, a cubic interpolation between the current point and that point is performed and the next point is taken to be at the minimum of the cubic. To ensure that the cubic approximation is reasonable, the step size is controlled. Examples are given and the results are compared with those obtained by the gradient method of Fletcher and Powell.
Origins of Tissue Optical Properties in the UVA, Visible, and NIR Regions

This paper describes the relationship between the ultrastructure of biological tissues and the observed macroscopic optical scattering properties. A summary of the tissue absorption spectrum is also presented. The scattering of soft tissues (liver, prostate, etc.) and fibrous tissues such as dermis are considered. The scattering of soft tissues is attribued to membranous structures and modeled as Mie scattering from spheres in the 0.2-2-μm diameter range, where membrane lipids occupy about 1-20% of the cellular volume and the refractive index mismatch is 1.46/1.35. The scattering of dermis is modeled as scattering from collagen fiber bundles in the 2.8-μm diameter range occupying 21% of the dermal volume and the refractive index mismatch is 1.38/1.35. The effects of a component of small-scale particle scattering in the Rayleigh limit is also considered. The models are compared with tissue values from the literature for the reduced scattering coefficient, μs(1-g), and the anisotropy, g. The models roughly match the absolute value and wavelength dependence of scattering in the 300-1100 nm wavelength range.
Low-frequency noises as a tool for UV detector characterisation

Ultraviolet (UV) semiconductor detectors are mainly made of materials with wide energy gap, i.e., of AlGaN, GaP, SiC, and diamond. The article describes methodology of measurements of characteristics of low-frequency noises of UV detectors and presents the developed measuring system. Basing on analysis of noise characteristics of detectors, an optimal working point of detector can be determined. The results of measurements of noise characteristics of UV detectors made of AlGaN are shown. The measurements have been carried out in wide range of temperatures for several values of a detector supply voltage.