Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gene Expression Profiling in the Thiamethoxam Resistant and Susceptible B-Biotype Sweetpotato Whitefly, <em>Bemisia tabaci</em>

Thiamethoxam has been used as a major insecticide to control the B-biotype sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Due to its excessive use, a high level of resistance to thiamethoxam has developed worldwide over the past several years. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance in B. tabaci, gene profiles between the thiamethoxam-resistant and thiamethoxam-susceptible strains were investigated using the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) library approach. A total of 72 and 52 upand down-regulated genes were obtained from the forward and reverse SSH libraries, respectively. These expressed sequence tags (ESTs) belong to several functional categories based on their gene ontology annotation. Some categories such as cell communication, response to abiotic stimulus, lipid particle, and nuclear envelope were identified only in the forward library of thiamethoxam-resistant strains. In contrast, categories such as behavior, cell proliferation, nutrient reservoir activity, sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity, and signal transducer activity were identified solely in the reverse library. To study the validity of the SSH method, 16 differentially expressed genes from both forward and reverse SSH libraries were selected randomly for further analyses using quantitative realtime PCR (qRT-PCR). The qRT-PCR results were fairly consistent with the SSH results; however, only 50% of the genes showed significantly different expression profiles between the thiamethoxam-resistant and thiamethoxam-susceptible whiteflies. Among these genes, a putative NAD-dependent methanol dehydrogenase was substantially over-expressed in the thiamethoxamresistant adults compared to their susceptible counterparts. The distributed profiles show that it was highly expressed during the egg stage, and was most abundant in the abdomen of adult females. by gest on M arch 7, 2015 http://jinsect.oxfordjournals. org/ D ow nladed from Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 12 | Article 46 Xie et al. Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience. org 2
Green Gentrification Analysis: A Case Study of the East Bay Greenway in Oakland, California

Green development provides a new public amenity to under-resourced Oakland communities in the San Francisco Bay Area of California. The lack of green spaces in these low-income and primarily minority communities exist due to the city’s history of redlining and misguided urban planning. These new green space developments include parks, tree plantings, and gardens. Yet, the positive intention of providing these communities with improved open space access and healthier environments could also lead to an outcome of displacement and gentrification. Green gentrification consists of profit-driven developments in working class communities and communities of color that have suffered from a history of redlining in their neighborhoods. The process is observed through decreases of low-income, people of color in communities that begin to cater towards higher-income populations that are able to afford higher rent prices. In this context, displacement is the forced movement of current residents from their homes due to extreme changes in rent. To best understand how these communities are displaced through new green developments raising property values and rent prices, I did a case study of the planned East Bay Greenway in the preliminary phase of development. I then interviewed various stakeholders involved in the project’s planning and development process from the City of Alameda. This included city government officials, community group representatives, and project designers and managers, whom are also governmental officials. I additionally interviewed academics and researchers who interact with the topic through projects and personal research. Through these interviews, this research aimed to identify issues that may eventually contribute to displacement as this project moves forward with development. The main challenges I identified were that stakeholders lacked an ability to address displacement in the planning process and various institutional, economic, and practical barriers prevented a procedural displacement dimension. The inability to communicate these displacement concerns during green development is likely a significant contributor to the possibility of green gentrification in the East Bay Area.
Efﬁcient Partial Simulation Quantitatively Explains Deviations from Optimal Physical Predictions

Humans are adept at planning actions in real-time dynamic physical environments. Machine intelligence struggles with this task, and one cause is that running simulators of complex, real-world environments is computationally expensive. Yet recent accounts suggest that humans use mental simulation in order to make intuitive physical judgments. How is human physical reasoning so accurate, while maintaining computational tractability? We suggest that human behavior is well described by partial simulation , which moves forward in time only parts of the world deemed relevant. We take as a case study Ludwin-Peery, Bramley, Davis, and Gureckis (2020), in which a conjunction fallacy was found in the domain of intuitive physics. This phenomenon is difﬁcult to explain with full simulation, but we show it can be quantitatively accounted for with partial simulation. We discuss how AI research could make use of efﬁcient partial simulation in implementations of commonsense physical reasoning.
Helmholtz theorem for Hamiltonian systems on time scales

We derive the Helmholtz theorem for Hamiltonian systems defined on time scales in the context of nonshifted calculus of variations which encompass the discrete and continuous case. Precisely, we give a theorem characterizing first order equation on time scales, admitting a Hamiltonian formulation which is defined with non-shifted calculus of variation. Moreover, in the affirmative case, we give the associated Hamiltonian.
Methylation of the IL-12Rb2 Gene as Novel Tumor Escape Mechanism for Pediatric B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells

Previous studies have shown that the interleukin-12 receptor B2 (IL-12Rb2) gene is expressed in normal naive, germinal center and memory B cells but not in their malignant counterparts. The aim of this study was to investigate (i) whether the IL-12Rb2 gene is silenced in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cells, and (ii) what the functional implications of such silencing for tumor growth are. Here, we show that although mature B cells expressed both chains of the IL-12R, normal pro-B and pre-B cells failed to express the IL-12RB2 chain. Similarly, primary tumor cells from pediatric pro-B, early pre-B, and pre-B ALL (30 cases) did not express the IL-12RB2 chain. IL-12Rb2 gene silencing in B-ALL was found to depend on methylation of a CpG island in exon 1. Such methylation was not detected in normal early B cells that when differentiated into mature B cells expressed the IL-12Rb2 gene. Detection of IL-12RB2 mRNA and protein in the tumorigenic 697 pre-B-ALL cell line allowed to perform functional experiments in severe combined immunodeficient/ nonobese diabetic mice receiving 697 cells with or without human recombinant IL-12 (hrIL-12). hrIL-12 administration reduced tumor growth and metastasis through antiproliferative and proapoptotic rather than antiangiogenic, activities. In conclusion, epigenetic silencing of the IL-12Rb2 gene represents a novel mechanism of tumor escape for B-ALL cells. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(8): 3978-80)
Zespół Aspergera u 19-letniej kobiety ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem okresu adolescencji – opis przypadku

Agnieszka Mazur1, Izabela Chojnowska-Ćwiąkała2 © Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (CC BY-NC-ND). Reproduction is permitted for personal, educational, non-commercial use, provided that the original article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited. Received: 09.02. 2016 Accepted: 17.03. 2016 Published: 31.03. 2016 © Psychiatr Psychol Klin 2016, 16 (1), p. 38–46 DOI: 10.15557/PiPK.2016. 0007 Asperger syndrome in a 19-year-old woman, with particular emphasis on adolescence period – case study Zespół Aspergera u 19-letniej kobiety ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem okresu adolescencji – opis przypadku
Determinants of Work Engagement of Employees in Public Sector Universities: Insights from a Developing Country

Current study puts light on the role of organizational culture, job satisfaction and social influence on work engagement. Job Satisfaction plays the role of a mediator in the study. The purpose of this study is to examine how organizational culture, job satisfaction and social influence affect work engagement. Analyses of a sample of 310 employees, collected from different universities from Multan city Pakistan, explored interesting findings. Bootstrap was run using AMOS for direct relation and for the mediation study. Organizational culture, job satisfaction and social influence were found significant in predicting work engagement. Further to this, organizational culture and social influence found directly related to job satisfaction. Previous studies on work engagement have mainly focused on simple models at any given time. However, researchers increasingly claim that a complex model may give the better understanding of work engagement. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is a unique study to address a complex structure of the proposed variables.
How to Protect Intellectual Property of Deep Neural Networks

Deep neural networks have made significant progress towards making tasks normally impossible for a computer possible through deep learning. These frameworks are important enough to warrant protecting them from thieves. However, efforts to protect DNNs from fraudulent usage have been insufficient. Current methods for watermarking DNNs cannot clearly associate any given framework with its author and are too easily replicated by thieves. Li et al [3] have developed a watermarking method known as the IPP (Intellectual Property Protection) Blind-Watermark Framework, which solves problems present in other watermarking techniques. It uses exclusive logos to clearly associate a DNN with its author, and uses generative adversarial networks to make the watermark imperceptible to the average human. It also fulfills all of the evaluation requirements set by the team: fidelity, effectiveness and integrity, security, legality, and feasibility.
Vision Based Parking Space Classification

— The problem of Vacant Parking space detection from static images using computer vision based algorithms such as color histogram classification, car feature point detection has been recently proposed by a few researchers. In this project we implement some of the suggested approaches and also use additional techniques such as background subtraction and some improvised methods to classify the state of a parking space.
Microhabitat selection by giant panda-Wenke Bai

Understanding habitat selection is important for effective habitat management and recovery of species. However, many habitat selection studies are based on presence and absence data and do not differentiate the intensity of use and its association with fine-scale habitat characteristics. Such information is critical for improving our understanding of habitat suitability to inform conservation planning and practices, particularly for vulnerable species such as the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in China. We integrated Global Positioning Systems (GPS) tracking data of 5 giant pandas in Wolong Nature Reserve, China with detailed vegetation surveys to understand habitat selection by giant pandas. We compared microhabitat characteristics between the core and secondary home range areas of giant pandas and determined their relative importance using a resource selection function (RSF). We found that giant panda core areas had higher elevations, shorter distance to animal paths, shorter trees, and higher density of bamboo than the secondary area. Our findings shed new light on the importance of microhabitat characteristics that are generally overlooked in coarse-scale models in influencing giant panda habitat selection within the home range, such as bamboo density and accessibility to habitat that play important roles in the determination of core areas. We suggest prioritizing dense bamboo forests and areas with animal paths to improve giant pandas' habitat management, restoration, and corridor construction. The methods we used here regarding combining GPS-tracking derived intensity of use data and detailed habitat surveys could also be applied to better understand habitat selection strategies of a variety of other wildlife species.
Ethnic Inequality and the Wealth of Nations

We use geo-spatial data to compile a new dataset of ethnic inequality, including 189 countries (4,032 country-year observations) and 3,609 regions (66,912 regionyear observations), 1992–2013. Our method is a synthesis of the Alesina et al. (2016) approach—which uses nighttime lights (NTL) and spatial concentrations of ethnic groups—and recent geoscience studies to make NTL comparable across space and time. We use our dataset to examine the effect of ethnic inequality on economic growth, and provide evidence for a robust negative effect. The results are obtained via cross-sectional and panel data analysis on the national and the sub-national level and use (i) ethnic inequality in neighboring countries and (ii) inequality in rainfall and geographic and climatic conditions as instrumental variables. The results are stable to adjustments in our inequality measure and independent of ethnic fractionalization, net inequality, and spatial inequality. Ethnic inequality translates to growth by influencing conflict, party ethnification, public goods provision, and trust, and is particularly negative in developing economies.
Selection rules, RR couplings on non-BPS branes and their all order $\alpha'$-corrections in type IIA(B) super string theories

By computing three and four point functions of non-BPS scattering amplitudes, including a closed string Ramond-Ramond (RR), gauge/scalar and tachyon in type IIA (IIB) super string theories, we discover a unique expansion for tachyon amplitudes in both non-BPS and D-brane anti D-brane formalism. Based on remarks on Chan-Paton factors and arXiv:1304.3711, we propose selection rules for all non-BPS scattering amplitudes of type II super string theory. These selection rules, rule out various non-BPS higher point correlation functions of the string theory. The amplitudes of a closed string RR, one tachyon, one scalar field $ $ and a closed string RR, one tachyon, one scalar and one gauge field $ $ and their all order $\alpha'$ higher derivative corrections have been explored. Having used some of the new Wess-Zumino terms, tachyonic DBI action, this universal tachyon expansion and the proposed selection rule, we are able to produce infinite number of $u'$- channel tachyon and $t$- channel massless scalar poles of $ $ amplitude in string theory. Based on selection rules upon internal CP matrix of open strings for $ $, we reveal that, there should neither be single / double $s',(s'+u'+t)$ channel tachyon, gauge/ scalar poles nor infinite poles.
Exposure to Potentially Harmful E-Cigarette Emissions via Vape Tricks: Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Study

Background The number of adolescents and adults using e-cigarettes, referred to as vaping, has dramatically increased. E-cigarettes can be used to perform vape tricks by inhaling and exhaling the e-cigarette aerosol in patterns to create visual effects or large clouds. To create these effects, the puffing patterns associated with vape tricks may be different than standard ad-lib e-cigarette usage. The prevalence of vape tricks and the harm associated with exposure to e-cigarette emissions when performing vape tricks is currently unknown. Objective Our objectives are to characterize duration, heart rate, respiratory rate, tidal volume, minute volume, and physical activity metrics associated with the performance of vape tricks and to characterize the emission of e-cigarettes when performing vape tricks in a manner suitable to inform novel exposure modeling. Methods The study will recruit e-cigarette users with a history of performing vape tricks. Data collection will occur in two different sessions. In the first session, participants will be asked to puff on their e-cigarette as they normally would for 20 minutes. The second session will be a vape tricks session, where users will be asked to perform a series of up to five different vape tricks with their e-cigarette. Data will be collected through screener surveys, in-person interviews, video recordings, a personal exposure monitor, and a biometric garment. Results Data analysis is pending and scheduled to take place in the fall of 2019. Conclusions This study will be used to assess the feasibility of using a biometric garment to complement environmental and observational data. The approach may provide greater insight into the health risks of performing vape tricks compared to typical e-cigarette use. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/12304
FAMILIARIZATION/NOVELTY PREFERENCE’ METHOD: CONTRIBUTION TO PSYCHOLOGISTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF COGNITION IN INFANTS

The study set out to describe a method that can be used to gain an understanding of cognition in infants since their ability to interact is limited by inability to communicate thoughts in the absence of language. Literature has documented the difficulty of understanding what goes on in infants’ minds because language is still underdeveloped unlike adults. Literature has also reported the tendency by infants to be attracted more by unfamiliar than the familiar stimuli. Consequently, understanding of what goes in the infant’s mind is only possible through inference of observed behaviour. An experimental methodology was used. Psychologists have come up with a method called ‘Familiarity/Novelty Preference Method’. The method involves observing infant behaviour at an early age such as 3 months exposed to familiar and unfamiliar objects in the environment. Gaze and duration of gaze are recorded and then an analysis of the recorded and observed behaviour to describe what goes on in the infant’s mind at any given time. Results from the use of this method have demonstrated that psychologists can indeed develop some understanding of what goes on in the infant’s mind even before language development is evident. Despite ethical issues of such experiments, the method produces valid and reliable results though there is no ecological validity due to the use of a controlled environment for the experiments. It is recommended that more experiments be carried out using this method for children from different backgrounds and environments.
Journal of Algebraic Hyperstructures and Logical Algebras

Let R be a multiplicative hyperring and S ⊆ R be a multiplicatively closed subset of R. In this paper, we introduce and study the concept of S-prime hyperideals which is a generalization of prime hyperideals. Some properties of S-prime hyperideals in multiplicative hyperring are presented. Then we investigate the behaviour of S-prime hyperideals under homomorphism hyperrings, in factor hyperrings, Cartesian products of hyperrings, and the fundamental relation in the context of multiplicative hyperring. Article Information Corresponding Author: P. Ghiasvand; Received: April 2021; Revised: May 2021; Accepted: June 2021; Paper type: Original.
RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE PULMONARY NORMALITY OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE IN VARIOUS SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN

The relatively high yield plants analyzed for oil content in seeds were distinguished in each of 3 groups of all studied on fiber output ML-180 mutant cotton plants. The average fiber output of pubescent seed plants was 40,3%. The average fiber output of in the group of gymnosperms with weak fibrils on plants micropyle –was 37,8%, and fiber output of absolutely gymnosperms without fibrils was 32,5%. Gymnosperms outperform the pubespores in oil content in nucleus. As a result, the combination of increased seed nucleus output and oil content in it provide high oil content in it provide high oil content in seeds. Ключевые слова: волокно, волоконце, масличность семян, выход волокна, длина волокна, ядро семени.
Characterizing sensorimotor profiles in children with residual speech errors

Rationale. Most children with speech sound disorder recover spontaneously or through therapy, but approximately 25% persist with errors past age six [1]. This amounts to approximately 1-2% of individuals continuing with residual speech errors (RSE) into adolescence/adulthood [2], which can result in lifelong obstacles. Knowing which factors predict who will persist with errors beyond childhood is a crucial step toward making evidence-based clinical decisions for this population. Those children with reduced motor skill are considered most likely to develop persistent errors [3], but the means available for measuring motor involvement are limited. The overall objective of this study is to evaluate a potential measure of motor skill while examining the relationship between motor and sensory factors in children with RSE affecting rhotic targets. Background. Somatosensation has been shown to be essential for speech motor control [4]. In a model of this dependence (DIVA), speech is produced by executing a stored motor plan modulated by somatosensory and auditory feedback [5]. “Motor skill” can refer to the robustness of the feedforward plan, while somatosensory and auditory acuity are sensory factors that influence the speaker’s ability to access and respond to feedback in that domain. To characterize individual skill, we measured motor, somatosensory, and auditory skill in connection with production accuracy. Motor skill was measured as an individual’s degree of differentiated control of anterior versus posterior lingual regions, which has been connected with achievement of adult-like speech [6]. Somatosensory acuity can be evaluated in tasks where an individual uses their tongue to identify details about an object; this skill was found to be lower in adolescents with RSE than typically developing peers [7, 8]. Auditory acuity is known to be correlated with production precision [9, 10], so the present study controls for auditory acuity while focusing on the less-studied somatosensory domain. The first goal of this study is to understand the relationship between motor skill and perceived accuracy of speech. We then ask whether somatosensory acuity and motor skill (controlling for auditory acuity) are related. Methods. Participants were 34 children (ages 9-14) with RSE affecting rhotic sounds who completed ten weeks of ultrasound biofeedback treatment. All were native speakers of American English with average language skills and no comorbidity. Binary ratings of perceptual accuracy for each /r/ from a standard word probe administered before and after all treatment were obtained from at least nine native English-speakers in an online forum [11]. Degree of lingual differentiation was quantified using ultrasound-based indices of “tongue complexity,” measured using a modified curvature index (MCI) [12] and number of inflection points (NINFL) [13]. We recorded ultrasound video (Siemens C8-5 transducer) through a computer’s video capture card, traced the tongue contour of the ultrasound frame nearest the midpoint of each acoustically-defined target interval us-
Preferences for retroﬁt investments among low income renters

We analyze the preferences of low-income renters for diﬀerent retroﬁtting options, using a discrete choice. Using data collected from a Discrete Choice Experiment, we elicit renters’ preferences for diﬀerent retroﬁtting options, based on four attributes. We ﬁnd that households are willing to foregone signiﬁcant future savings in order to avoid investment costs in the present.