Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Collaborative Recommendation viaAdaptive Association Rule MiningWeiyang

Collaborative recommender systems allow personalization for e-commerce by exploiting similarities and dissimilar-ities among users' preferences. We investigate the use of association rule mining as an underlying technology for collaborative recommender systems. Association rules have been used with success in other domains. However, most currently existing association rule mining algorithms were designed with market basket analysis in mind. Such algorithms are ineecient for collaborative recommendation because they mine many rules that are not relevant to a given user. Also, it is necessary to specify the minimum support of the mined rules in advance, often leading to either too many or too few rules; this negatively impacts the performance of the overall system. We describe a collaborative recommendation technique based on a new algorithm speciically designed to mine association rules for this purpose. Our algorithm does not require the minimum support to be speciied in advance. Rather, a target range is given for the number of rules, and the algorithm adjusts the minimum support for each user in order to obtain a ruleset whose size is in the desired range. Rules are mined for a speciic target user, reducing the time required for the mining process. We employ associations between users as well as associations between items in making recommendations. Experimental evaluation of a system based on our algorithm reveals performance that is signiicantly better than that of traditional correlation-based approaches.
Chemically Induced Primary Thymic Lymphomas of Mice Reduced Fidelity of DNA Synthesis in Cell Extracts from Updated

To examine whether the fidelity of DNA synthesis is reduced in tumor cells, M13 mp2-based fidelity assays were carried out using 15 samples of whole-cell extracts from primary mouse thymic lymphomas induced by alkylating agents. We found that DNA synthesis activities of thymic lymphomas, detected as incorporation of [3H]TTP into acid-insoluble materials, were 2to 10-fold higher compared to those of normal thymus. Furthermore, mutant frequencies in the forward mutation assay of DNA synthesis were increased 2to 7-fold in cell extracts from thymic lympho mas compared to those from normal thymus. As the DNA polymerase /! (pol ÃŸ) activity was extremely high in the thymic lymphomas, we screened mutations in the pol ÃŸgene to examine the possibility of involvement of mutated pol ÃŸin reduction of the fidelity of DNA synthesis. Of 20 lymphomas, one case of point mutation (T to A) was found by reverse transcription-PCR single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. These results suggest that the mutagenic DNA synthesis is involved in murine thymic lymphoma genesis, although mutation of the pol ÃŸgene is not a major causal event.
A scaled-down traffic system based on autonomous vehicles: A new experimental system for ITS research

In this paper, we present our recent efforts on developing a physical environment for performing traffic experiments. The two main characteristics of this environment are: (1) the whole environment is scaled down from the real traffic, (2) the traffic behaviors are performed by numbers of miniature autonomous vehicles. Performing traffic experiments in an actual environment has long been a hard problem. Moreover, modeling traffic phenomena is also a tough task, due to the complexity of the natural traffic system. However, with the rapid development of autonomous vehicle technology, we have an opportunity to improve these problems from a new perspective. That is using autonomous vehicles to perform traffic experiments. But with the limitations in cost and land availability, directly using full size autonomous vehicles also seemed unrealistic. Thus, we built a 1/10 scaled-down traffic system (SDTS) with more than 50 miniature autonomous vehicles. The environmental design, autonomous vehicles developing, agent modeling, traffic control, and real-time monitoring is considered systematically during system design. The SDTS can be used as a repeatable, appraisable, and verifiable experimental platform for traffic researches, such as testing traffic solutions, verifying key technologies in intelligent vehicles, and performing experiments about ITS. By now, the SDTS has supported a series of workshops, exchange activities and competitions in China.
Stress : Phonotactic and Phonetic Evidence

Stress can be signaled through a number of different acoustic properties, including increased duration, greater intensity, and higher fundamental frequency. Stress may also affect segmental and syllable structure. Typically, stressed syllables trigger qualitative fortition and/or lengthening, whereas unstressed syllables are associated with lenition and/or shortening. To take an example of a stress-driven fortition process affecting syllable structure, Dutch (Booij 1995) inserts an intervocalic glottal stop as an onset to stressed vowels; epenthesis does not interrupt vowel sequences in which the second vowel is unstressed. We thus have pairs such as [! xa. "s] ‘chaos’ and [[a. #"r.ta] ‘aorta’, in which the presence of glottal stop is predictable from stress. American English provides well-described cases of lenition in unstressed syllables. For example, post-vocalic coronal stops weaken to taps before unstressed syllabic sounds, e.g. /sIti/ $ [sI%i] ‘city’. Furthermore, most unstressed vowels reduce to schwa, e.g. ['kan,t&kst] context vs. [k'n't&kst(u'l] contextual, or may delete in certain contexts delete, e.g. [! tmeI%o)] * [! t'meIto)] tomato, [! ksænd+'] * [k'! sænd+'] Cassandra.
The Tetris-Algorithm for Sorted Reading from UB-Tree.

We iteratively define an area A as a special subspace of a d-dimensional cube as follows: Split the cube with respect to every dimension in the middle, resulting in 2 d subcubes numbered in some arbitrary but fixed order (for our implementation and this paper we used Z-ordering) from 1 to 2 d. An area A1 of level 1 consists of the first i 1 closed subcubes. i 1 determines A1 uniquely. We call i 1 the address of A 1 and write A 1 = area(i 1). The empty area has the address ε. To enlarge an area, we iteratively add an area with address i 2 ∈{0,1,. ,2 d-1} of the next subcube with number i 1 +1. The address of this enlarged area A 2 is i 1 . i 2 , which is lexicographically larger than the address i 1 of area A1. Next we may enlarge A 2 by adding an area of the brother subcube i 2 +1 of i 2 , etc. The left part of figure 1 shows four areas area(0.0.1), area(1.3.2), area(2.1) and area(3) of a two-dimensional universe. The shaded subcubes of the two-dimensional universe belong to the corresponding area. In the following we suppress trailing zeros of addresses and denote addresses by α,β,γ,. Note that the volume of a subcube decreases exponentially with its step number. We therefore obtain a fine partitioning of the multidimensional space with relatively short addresses. Lemma: The lexicographic order of addresses (denoted by ≤ a) and set containment of areas in space (denoted by ⊆) are isomorphic: area(α) ⊆ area(β) ⇔ α ≤ a β Definition: A region is the difference between two areas: If α < a β then we define the region between α and β as: [α:β] := area(β) \ area(α), where "\" means "set difference". Note that regions are disjoint and therefore partition – or tile-the universe. area(3) area(1.3.2) area(2.1) Regions Point Data
Oxygen budget of a perennially ice-covered Antarctic lake ’

A bulk 0, budget for Lake Hoare, Antarctica, is presented. Five years of seasonal data show the lake to be persistently supersaturated with 0,. Oxygen is carried into the lake in glacial meltstreams and is left behind when this water is removed as ice by ablation and sublimation. A diffusive loss of 0, from the lake through the summer moat is suggested. Measured values of the total 0, in the water column indicate that the time scale of 0, turnover is much longer than a year. Based on these results we suggest that the amount of 0, in the water does not change significantly throughout the year and that the lake is also supersaturated with N,. The dry valleys of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica, contain several perennially icecovered lakes (Heywood 1977; Hobbie 1984). The biota in these lakes consists solely of microbial planktonic and benthic communities. The plankton includes bacteria, algae, yeasts, and ciliates (Parker et al. 1982a). The benthos consists of microbial mats. A unique feature of many of the benthic mats is their development into modern, cold, freshwater stromatolites. Consequently, they are of considerable interest as an* This research was supported by the NSF, Division of Polar Programs (DPP 79-23996 and DPP 8012988). alogs of the once abundant Precambrian stromatolites (Parker et al. 198 1; Wharton et al. 1982, 1983). Seasonal data from several of the lakes in this region have shown persistently supersaturated O2 levels (Parker et al. 1982a). The effects of the high O2 level on the biota have been discussed elsewhere, and the ice cover has been implicated as the causative agent in accumulating 0, in the lakes (Parker et al. 198 1, 1982a; Wharton et al. 1983; Mike11 et al. 1984). However, the dynamics of O2 flow through the lakes has not been addressed. We report here a bulk 0, budget, quantify the sources and sink of 02, and discuss the basis for O2 supersaturation in Lake Hoare, Antarctica. We thank numerous field and laboratory personnel for assistance in obtaining O2 data during the austral summers of 1978-1982 and D. Des Marais and J. Hobbie for comments on the manuscript. Lake Hoare (77”38’S, 162’53’E) is at the eastern end of Taylor Valley in southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. It is 58 m above sea level, 34 m deep, 4.1 km long, 1.0 km wide, and has a surface area of 1.8 km2. This latitude receives about 4 months each of daylight, twilight, and darkness. The peren-
Adapting CakeDB to Integrate High-Pressure Big Data Streams with Low-Pressure Systems

Big Data continues to be one of the hottest topics in the computer science field and itself takes many forms. One way Big Data manifests is in the form of streams. These streams can be generally defined by their update frequency and the bandwidth they consume. They can however be further defined by the characteristics of the data they carry. The producers of these streams are generally tuned to perform a given role (such as moving large quantities of data with low latency) which can often be at odds with the requirements of a given consumer. In many cases the logistics of consuming such a stream can make the task impractical. This paper discusses the concept of data streams as sequential data sets and having different pressures. The paper demonstrates through a use case of a financial trading company and a High Performance Compute Cluster how different applications require different pressures and why it is necessary to be able to scale down high pressure streams for low pressure applications without impacting the applications that require the full high pressure feed and the high pressure feed itself. A proposed system for classifying streams and related consumers is discussed as well as the concept of conflation as it applies to these data streams. Features in the prototype stream oriented database (CakeDB) that support adapting high-pressure streams to low-pressure applications are then discussed and further work is identified.
Brain Drain in Mississippi: Why Some of the State's Best and Brightest are Leaving

This thesis is a collection of stories in which I explore some of the underlying reasons that the state of Mississippi is experiencing a large outmigration of educated, millennial citizens, known as “Brain Drain. ” This project is not an academic paper nor is it an attempt to fix the problem of young Mississippians leaving the state but rather an examination of the situation written in journalistic fashion. It attempts to shine a light on an issue that has plagued the state for years and deserves attention. It includes stories about the social climate, economic opportunities, the state legislature, and profiles of people who have left and come back. It is driven by a sheer love for this state and a curiosity about why so many want to leave and why many come back. In short, this thesis demonstrates that Mississippi’s net loss of young and bright citizens is an issue that reaches far beyond a lack of job opportunities.
The Royal College of Surgeons Rat: An Animal Model for Inherited Retinal Degeneration with a Still Unknown Genetic Defect

The Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat is the first known animal with inherited retinal degeneration. Despite the fact that the genetic defect is not known, the RCS rat is widely used for research in hereditary retinal dystrophies. This review tries to summarize observations which have been made in the RCS rat and to make an attempt to formulate candidate genes which may the cause for the retinal degeneration in this rat strain. The genetic defect in RCS rats causes the inability of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) to phagocytose shed photoreceptor outer segments. In normal rats or humans, this circadian process is regulated by both the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and the calcium/ inositol phosphate systems. The calcium/inositol phosphate system seems to be linked to the phagocytosis receptors which recognize photoreceptor outer membranes to initialize phagocytosis. The cAMP system appeared as modulator of the regulation of phagocytosis. An increase in the intracellular cAMP concentration is an ‘off’ signal for phagocytosis. In RPE cells from RCS rats many observations have been made which indicate a changed second messenger metabolism concerning both the cAMP and the calcium/inositol phosphate systems. The genetic defect seems to concern a protein which is involved in the initialization of a second messenger pathway. We conclude that the genes coding for the phagocytosis receptor or for proteins which are linked to receptors (for example G proteins) are good candidates for defective genes in RCS rats.
Growing Evidence Supports the Use of Radiation Therapy in Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.

T he optimal management of patients with inoperable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) is controversial. Less than a third of patients are candidates for surgery, and the prognosis for patients unable to have surgery is poor. Given the rarity of this disease, there is limited high-level evidence to guide treatment decisions. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends chemotherapy as the main treatment for inoperable patients based off the ABC-02 trial that found a benefit when cisplatin was added to gemcitabine. However, many patients will progress locally after chemotherapy, resulting in substantial morbidity including biliary obstruction and liver failure. For nonmetastatic inoperable patients, local control remains very important. The study performed by Jackson et al. supports the role of definitive radiation therapy in patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma. Using data from the National Cancer Database, they examined more than 1600 patients with IHCC. A quarter of these patients received radiation therapy. Treatment with radiation was associated with a 5.8% increase in overall survival. To account for potential biases, they performed a propensity matched score analysis. This analysis further suggested a survival benefit from radiation therapy with a hazard ratio of 0.83. This study represents the largest series ever published on the use of radiation in IHCC. Its findings are consistent with other reports including a SEER analysis demonstrating a benefit from radiation therapy in this disease. The findings from the current study also suggest that definitive radiation may be curative in some patients. As the authors point out, there is a tail on the survival curve for radiation therapy, indicating that some patients can be cured of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma without surgery. Treating intrahepatic tumors can be challenging owing to the radiosensitivity of the liver and adjacent organs including bowel. Mean liver doses greater than approximately 30 Gy have been associated with radiation-induced liver disease and liver failure. Additionally, patients with primary liver tumors are at a greater risk for radiation toxicity compared to patients with liver metastases. Recent advances in radiation therapy including image guidance, intensity modulated radiation therapy, stereotactic body radiation therapy, and proton therapy now allow for the safe delivery of high doses of radiation to the liver, even in patients with poor baseline liver function. Prior studies have demonstrated the value of dose escalation using modern radiation therapy techniques for cholangiocarcinoma. A retrospective analysis by Crane et al. suggested improved local control with higher radiation doses in this disease.
Technical Notes Hovering Hinge-Connected Flapping Plate with Passive Deflection

T IS undoubtedly important to understand the aerodynamics ofﬂexible wings of insects and birds to improve micro air vehicle(MAV) design. The ﬂexibility mechanism and its effects onaerodynamic performance are not fully understood yet and stillattract a lot of attention, ranging from chordwise ﬂexibility [1,2], tospanwise ﬂexibility [3]. It is also worthy to note the study onpropulsion properties of ﬂexible ﬂapping wing by Yang et al. [4], inwhich ﬂow and body interaction are handled by a strong-couplingapproach. However, why there is remarkable diversity of wingrigidity and ﬂexibility across insect taxa and how the animalspassively or actively control their wing ﬂexibility to obtainaerodynamically favorable kinematics at various phases of ﬂappingare still mysteries. The underlying active or passive controlmechanism may be helpful from a design point of view, in terms ofreduced size of control surface, number of actuators, weight ofMAVs, and so on. Among the literatures on completely passiverotation of ﬂapping wing, Ishihara et al. [5] investigated the passivepitching due to wing torsional ﬂexibility and lift generation indipteranﬂight,anddemonstratedthatenoughliftcanbeproducedtosupport the weight of some diptera. The signiﬁcance of passiverotationisfurtherconﬁrmedbyBergouetal. [6]. Theydemonstratedthat aerodynamic and inertial forces are sufﬁcient to pitch the wingwithout the aid of the muscles. Recently, Granlund et al. [7]experimentallystudiedpassivepitchingofhoveringﬂatplateswithafree-to-pivot hinge at the leading edge. They found that the plateproduces a motion akin to normal–hover, but with delayed rotation.However, there has been very limited study of the stroke amplitudeeffect on a ﬂapping wing with passive rotation. Also, there is still alack of parametric studies on the aerodynamic performance ofﬂapping wings with partial ﬂexibility. In this paper, numericalsimulationsareconducted tostudytheaerodynamic performance ofa completely and partially rigid plate with passive rotation undervarious stroke amplitudes. Optimal aerodynamic performance andinput power are then obtained from these studies.
VOML : virtual organization modelling language

Virtual organizations (VOs) and their breeding environments are an emerging approach for developing systems as a consortium of autonomous entities formed to share costs and resources, better respond to opportunities, achieve shorter time-to-market and exploit fast changing market opportunities. VOs cater for those demands by incorporating reconfigurations making VOs highly resilient and agile by design. Reconfiguration of systems is an active research area. Many policy and specification languages have been dedicated for the purpose. However, all these approaches consider reconfiguration of a system as somewhat isolated from its business and operational model; it is usually assumed that the latter two remain unaffected through such reconfigurations and the reconfiguration is usually limited to dynamic binding of components the system consists of. However the demands of VO reconfiguration go beyond dynamic binding and reach the level where it becomes crucial to keep changing the organizational structure (process model) of the system as well, which leads to changes of the operational/functional model. This continuous reconfiguration of the operational model emphasizes the need of a modelling language that allows specification and validation of such systems. This thesis approaches the problem of formal specification of VOs through the Virtual Organization Modelling Language (VOML) framework. The core of this framework are three languages each capturing a specific aspect. The first language named Virtual Organization Structural modelling language (VO-S), focuses on structural aspects and many of the characteristics particular to VOs such as relationship between the members expressed in domain terminology. The second language named VO Reconfiguration (VO-R for short), permits different reconfigurations on the structure of the VO. This language is an extension of APPEL for the domain of VOs. The third language named VO Operational modelling language (VO-O) describes the operational model of a VO in more details. This language is an adaptation and extension of the Sensoria Reference Modelling Language for service oriented architecture (SRML). Our framework models VOs using the VO-S and the VO-R which are at a high level of abstraction and independent of a specific computational model. Mapping rules provide guidelines to generate operational models, thus ensuring that the two models conform to each other. The usability and applicability of of VOML is validated through two cases studies one of which offers travel itineraries as a VO service and is a running example. The other case study is an adaptation of a case study on developing a chemical plant from [14].