Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crystal Structure of PrFeO 3 Thin Film Around Antiferromagnetic–Paramagnetic Phase Transition

A temperature-dependent structural and thermal study of an (001) oriented PrFeO 3 thin ﬁlm of about 200nm thickness deposited on a LaAlO 3 (001) substrate using the pulsed laser deposition technique around its Neel temperature ( T N ) is pre-sented. X-ray diffraction analysis of this ﬁlm shows an orthorhombic structure with a P bnm space group. This orthorhombic phase is retained after its expected magnetic transition (beyond T N ) . The strain and dislocation density decrease with a rise in temperature. However, the grain size increases with a rise in temperature. From differential scanning calorimeter data of its bulk sample, a weak exothermic peak at around 698K is observed. This peak corresponds to T N . No structural change is observed around this magnetic phase transition.
Emissivity Measurement Under Vacuum from 4 µ m to 100 µ m and from − 40 ◦ C to 450 ◦ C at PTB

A new facility of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt for emissivity measurements under vacuum was brought into operation, capable of measuring directional spectral emissivity in the wavelength range from 4 µ m to 100 µ m and temperature range from − 40 ◦ C to 450 ◦ C. The wide spectral and thermal ranges in combination with a target uncertainty of less than 0.01 meet the needs of the solar thermal energy industry and climate research. Emissivities determined in these ranges and at that uncertainty levels would allow signiﬁcantly improving solar thermal absorber coatings and designing improved reference blackbodies for remote sensing. Here the measurement scheme which is based on the measurement of the spectral radiance of a sample with respect to the spectral radiance of two blackbodies at different temperatures is presented, and the subsequent evaluation of the emissivity is discussed. The ﬁrst results of emissivity measurements under vacuum in the wavelength range from 4 µ m to 100 µ m and temperature range from − 40 ◦ C to 450 ◦ C are presented and compared with results obtained in air, and it is shown that samples with very low emissivity can be measured with the required low target uncertainty of less than 0.01.
Comparable in vivo joint kinematics between self-reported stable and unstable knees after TKA can be explained by muscular adaptation strategies: A retrospective observational study

Background: Postoperative knee instability is one of the major reasons accounting for unsatisfactory outcomes, as well as a major failure mechanism leading to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) revision. Nevertheless, subjective knee instability is not well defined clinically, plausibly because the relationships between instability and implant kinematics during functional activities of daily living remain unclear. Although muscles play a critical role in supporting the dynamic stability of the knee joint, the influence of joint instability on muscle synergy patterns is poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the impact of self-reported joint instability on tibiofemoral kinematics and muscle synergy patterns after TKA during functional gait activities of daily living. Methods: Tibiofemoral kinematics and muscle synergy patterns were examined during level walking, downhill walking, and stair descent in eight self-reported unstable knees after TKA (3M:5F, 68.9{+/-}8.3 years, BMI 26.1{+/-}3.2 kg/m2, 31.9{+/-}20.4 months postoperatively), and compared against ten stable TKA knees (7M:3F, 62.6{+/-}6.8 years, 33.9{+/-}8.5 months postoperatively, BMI 29.4{+/-}4.8 kg/m2). For each knee joint, clinical assessments of postoperative outcome were performed, while joint kinematics were evaluated using moving video-fluoroscopy, and muscle synergy patterns were recorded using electromyography. Results: Our results reveal that average condylar A-P translations, rotations, as well as their ranges of motion were comparable between stable and unstable groups. However, the unstable group exhibited more heterogeneous muscle synergy patterns and prolonged activation of knee flexors compared to the stable group. In addition, subjects who reported instability events during measurement showed distinct, subject-specific tibiofemoral kinematic patterns in the early/mid-swing phase of gait. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that accurate movement analysis is sensitive for detecting acute instability events, but might be less robust in identifying general joint instability. Conversely, muscle synergy patterns seem to be able to identify muscular adaptation associated with underlying chronic knee instability. Funding: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Transfer Learning for Neuroimaging via Re-use of Deep Neural Network Features

A major problem in the application of machine learning to neuroimaging is the technological variability in the MRI scanners and the different subject populations across studies. Transfer learning (TL) promises to alleviate this problem. TL refers to a family of methods which acquire knowledge from related tasks to improve generalization in the tasks of interest. In this work, we show that features of deep neural networks are transferable across data sets if the network was pre-trained on the prediction task of interest. Based on this, we propose a transfer learning pipeline which relies on the re-use of deep neural network features across data sets. We empirically study this pipeline on age and sex prediction using the UK Biobank for pre-training and three different small data sets for fine-tuning and evaluation. We find that our method outperforms classical regression methods and training a network from scratch. In particular, we improve state-of-the-art results on age and sex prediction. Our transfer learning method may therefore provide a simple and efficient pipeline to achieve high performance on small data sets.
Peripheral nerve conduction speed shows a disease control-dependent and -independent drop in type 1 diabetes mellitus in children

Background/Aim: Nerve conduction speed (NCS) abnormalities are considered to be early signs of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. We investigated which determinants impact the NCS and how it is related to markers of metabolic control in children and young adults with diabetes mellitus. Method: Fifty-four children aged five to 23 years suffering from type I diabetes mellitus were recruited into this study, which was conducted at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland in St Gallen from March 2016 to June 2022. The metabolic control parameters were recorded and a nerve conduction study analyzing three motor nerves and one sensory nerve was performed. The data were compared to a control population of healthy children of the same height, and the height-adjusted NCS (dNCS) was analysed. Results: For all four nerves under investigation, a statistically significant drop in the NCS of approximately 5 m/s independent of metabolic control was found, the peroneal nerve being the most sensitive. The NCS of the peroneal nerve correlated significantly negatively with the long-term haemoglobin with bound glucose (HbA1c) and highly significantly negatively with the standard deviation of mean glucose (SD), but there was only a trend with the HbA1c and the time in range (TIR) at the time of neurography. Interpretation: All patients with diabetes mellitus showed a reduced NCS, partly independent of metabolic control. This may be due to a lack of the C-peptide, which regulates critical axonal membrane enzymes. High glucose variability clearly increases the risk of neuropathy, together with but also independently of the mean plasma glucose level.
Analysis of the clinical and radiological outcomes of percutaneous cervical nucleoplasty: A case–control study

Background Percutaneous cervical nucleoplasty (PCN) is a simple, safe, and effective treatment for contained cervical herniated intervertebral disc (CHIVD). However, few studies have compared the actual benefits of PCN against conservative treatment (CT), either clinically or radiographically. Purpose The present study sought to analyze and to compare the outcomes of symptomatic contained CHIVD treated with PCN or CT. Methods The present study was designed as a case–control comparative study. Patients who indicated for PCN after a failed CT for more than 6 months were recruited. After the exclusion of some patients who did not meet the selection criteria of the study, we finally enrolled 71 patients treated with PCN. In addition, another 21 patients who indicated for PCN but finally chose to receive CT continuously were also enrolled and categorized as the control group. All patients completed the 6-month follow-up. Pain levels and functional outcomes were evaluated pre- and post-operatively by assessing the visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Neck Disability Index (NDI). Radiographic images of 72 of 104 intervened segments were collected to measure disc height and other cervical spinal alignments, such as range of motion, C2–7 Cobb’s angle, and C2–7 sagittal vertical axis. Results Compared with the CT group, the PCN group showed significantly better outcomes on VAS, ODI, and NDI at the 1-month post-operative follow-up, which continued through at least the 6-month follow-up (P < 0.01 for VAS and P < 0.05 for ODI and NDI). The mean disc height significantly decreased, from 6.04 ± 0.85 mm to 5.76 ± 1.02 mm, 3 months after PCN treatment (P = 0.003). However, the degree of disc height decrease did not correlate with the changes of the substantial VAS improvement. Conclusions To provide therapeutic benefits for symptomatic contained CHIVD patients after an invalid CT for 6 months, PCN seems to be a better option than CT. The reduced disc heights did not alter the clinical outcomes of PCN.
Development of a recombinase polymerase amplification assay with lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) for rapid detection of Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli

Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) are widely distributed and can cause serious food-borne diseases for humans such as dysentery. Therefore, an efficient detection platform is needed to detect Shigella and EIEC quickly and sensitively. In this study, a method called recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) was developed for rapid detection of Shigella and EIEC. RPA primers and LFD detection probes were designed for their shared virulence gene ipaH. Primers and probes were screened, and the primer concentration, and reaction time and temperature were optimized. According to the optimization results, the RPA reaction should be performed at 39°C, and when combined with LFD, it takes less than 25 min for detection with the naked eye. The developed RPA-LFD method specifically targets gene ipaH and has no cross-reactivity with other common food-borne pathogens. In addition, the minimum detection limit of RPA-LFD is 1.29×102 copies/μL. The detection of food sample showed that the RPA-LFD method was also verified for the detection of actual samples.
The C4EB study—Transvamix (10% THC / 5% CBD) to treat chronic pain in epidermolysis bullosa: A protocol for an explorative randomized, placebo controlled, and double blind intervention crossover study

Patients with the genetic blistering skin condition epidermolysis bullosa (EB) report severe pain as a consequence of skin and mucous membrane lesions including blisters, wounds, and scars. Adequate symptom alleviation is not often achieved using conventional pharmacologic interventions. Finding novel approaches to pain care in EB is imperative to improve the quality of life of patients living with EB. There are several anecdotal reports on the use of cannabinoid-based medicines (CBMs) by EB patients to reduce the burden of symptoms. However, controlled clinical investigations assessing these reported effects are lacking. As the pain quality “unpleasantness” delineates EB pain, we hypothesize the modulation of affective pain processing in the brain by way of intervention with CBMs comprising the cannabinoids Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol—objectified by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The C4EB study is an investigator-initiated, single-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and crossover trial. Adult patients with the diagnosis epidermolysis bullosa, reporting chronic pain will be eligible to participate. Following baseline measurements, participants will be randomized to receive the sublingually administered interventions placebo and Transvamix® in forward or reversed orders, each for two weeks and separated by a washout. The primary outcome is the difference in numeric rating scale pain scores between grouped interventions, using affective descriptors within the Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire-2. Secondary outcomes include pain self-efficacy, concomitant analgesic medication-use and adverse events. Additionally, fMRI will be employed to assess brain connectivity related to neuroanatomic pain circuits at baseline, placebo and Transvamix® interventions. The study was approved by the ethical committee at the University Medical Center of Groningen in the Netherlands. Results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration number: Netherlands Trial Register: NL9347 (Acronym: C4EB).
Narrowband masking in birds

Hearing studies show that zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata, small song birds that produce broadband, harmonic vocalizations are unusually sensitive to the mistuning of a single component in a harmonic complex [Lohr and Dooling, J. Comput. Psychol. 112, 36–47 (1998)]. Such a change in a harmonic stimulus creates both spectral and temporal cues. Previously it has been reported that these birds have very good temporal resolution of fine detail within harmonic complexes [Dooling et al., Hear. Res. 152, 159–172 (2001)]. Here the spectral resolving power is examined by measuring auditory patterns of masking by narrowband noises. Masking patterns were measured in zebra finches using operant conditioning and the method of constant stimuli for a 100‐Hz band noise masker centered at the birds frequency of best hearing, 2860 Hz. Probe frequencies were tones between 1000 Hz and 5700 Hz. Results demonstrate a symmetrical masking pattern with less upward spread of masking and a narrower resolution bandwidth in zebra finches than has been observed in humans. These findings are consistent with other measures of avian spectral resolution. [Work supported by NIH Grant DC‐00198 to RJD. ]
Quantum resonances in the valence bands of zinc-blende semiconductors. I. Theoretical aspects

Quantum resonances in the valence bands of semiconductors under uniaxial stress provide very detailed information on the band parameters if the experimental data can be analyzed on the basis of an adequate theoretical model. Such a model has been developed for and applied to Ge by Hensel and Suzuki and yielded high-precision band parameters for this material. The theory which is based on the invariant expansion of the valence-band Hamiltonian and makes use of the symmetry of the diamond lattice fails, however, to explain similar experiments for InSb. The reason for this failure is twofold: The reduced symmetry of the zinc-blende lattice makes it necessary to consider inversion-asymmetry-induced contributions to the effective Hamiltonian; the small gap of InSb requires an exact treatment of the couplings between valence band and lowest conduction band. Here we present a theory to overcome these difficulties. An effective Hamiltonian, acting in the eightfold space of the valence band and the lowest conduction band of a zinc-blende-type material, is constructed by invariant expansion. For this purpose the method of invariants is extended to the cross space between valence band and conduction band on the basis of the angular momentum calculus. The Hamiltonian describes the Landau levels of valence and conduction bands under uniaxial stress for magnetic fields (parallel to the stress) along the high-symmetry [001], [111], and [110] directions. Since the Hamiltonian is constructed on group-theoretical grounds, the eigenstates can be classified according to their transformation properties, and selection rules are given for both inter- and intraband transitions.
Signatures of Global Mode Alfvén Resonance Heating in Coronal Loops

The Yohkoh Soft X-Ray Telescope (SXT) observations of active region coronal loops transient brightening is analyzed, and the scaling of the thermal energy release with loop lengths is found to be Eth ~ L1.60±0.09. The numerically determined scaling of the global mode heating rate for the resonant absorption of Alfvén waves, H ~ L, is found to agree with the heating rate deduced from the observed thermal energy scaling, provided that the magnetic field scales as B ~ L-0.70±0.05 and the waves are driven with a ω-1 spectrum. Previous analytical and numerical studies have shown that the heating due to resonant absorption of Alfvén waves is most efficient at the global mode frequency. In agreement with these studies, we suggest that coronal loop transient X-ray brightenings occur when a given length coronal loop is perturbed at its global mode frequency by random footpoint motions, which results in more efficient heating of the loop.
Artificial intelligence technologies to support research assessment: A review

This literature review identifies indicators that associate with higher impact or higher quality research from article text (e.g., titles, abstracts, lengths, cited references and readability) or metadata (e.g., the number of authors, international or domestic collaborations, journal impact factors and authors' h-index). This includes studies that used machine learning techniques to predict citation counts or quality scores for journal articles or conference papers. The literature review also includes evidence about the strength of association between bibliometric indicators and quality score rankings from previous UK Research Assessment Exercises (RAEs) and REFs in different subjects and years and similar evidence from other countries (e.g., Australia and Italy). In support of this, the document also surveys studies that used public datasets of citations, social media indictors or open review texts (e.g., Dimensions, OpenCitations, Altmetric.com and Publons) to help predict the scholarly impact of articles. The results of this part of the literature review were used to inform the experiments using machine learning to predict REF journal article quality scores, as reported in the AI experiments report for this project. The literature review also covers technology to automate editorial processes, to provide quality control for papers and reviewers' suggestions, to match reviewers with articles, and to automatically categorise journal articles into fields. Bias and transparency in technology assisted assessment are also discussed.
A numerical study of breaking waves in the surf zone

This paper describes the development of a numerical model for studying the evolution of a wave train, shoaling and breaking in the surf zone. The model solves the Reynolds equations for the mean (ensemble average) flow field and the k–ε equations for the turbulent kinetic energy, k, and the turbulence dissipation rate, ε. A nonlinear Reynolds stress model (Shih, Zhu & Lumley 1996) is employed to relate the Reynolds stresses and the strain rates of the mean flow. To track free-surface movements, the volume of fluid (VOF) method is employed. To ensure the accuracy of each component of the numerical model, several steps have been taken to verify numerical solutions with either analytical solutions or experimental data. For non-breaking waves, very accurate results are obtained for a solitary wave propagating over a long distance in a constant depth. Good agreement between numerical results and experimental data has also been observed for shoaling and breaking cnoidal waves on a sloping beach in terms of free-surface profiles, mean velocities, and turbulent kinetic energy. Based on the numerical results, turbulence transport mechanisms under breaking waves are discussed.
Bayesian Arc Length Survival Analysis Model (BALSAM): Theory and Application to an HIV/AIDS Clinical Trial

Stochastic volatility often implies increasing risks that are difficult to capture given the dynamic nature of real-world applications. We propose using arc length, a mathematical concept, to quantify cumulative variations (the total variability over time) to more fully characterize stochastic volatility. The hazard rate, as defined by the Cox proportional hazards model in survival analysis, is assumed to be impacted by the instantaneous value of a longitudinal variable. However, when cumulative variations pose a significant impact on the hazard, this assumption is questionable. Our proposed Bayesian Arc Length Survival Analysis Model (BALSAM) infuses arc length into a united statistical framework by synthesizing three parallel components (joint models, distributed lag models, and arc length). We illustrate the use of BALSAM in simulation studies and also apply it to an HIV/AIDS clinical trial to assess the impact of cumulative variations of CD4 count (a critical longitudinal biomarker) on mortality while accounting for measurement errors and relevant variables.
Why are coauthored academic articles more cited: Higher quality or larger audience?

Collaboration is encouraged because it is believed to improve academic research, supported by indirect evidence in the form of more coauthored articles being more cited. Nevertheless, this might not reflect quality but increased self‐citations or the “audience effect”: citations from increased awareness through multiple author networks. We address this with the first science wide investigation into whether author numbers associate with journal article quality, using expert peer quality judgments for 122,331 articles from the 2014–20 UK national assessment. Spearman correlations between author numbers and quality scores show moderately strong positive associations (0.2–0.4) in the health, life, and physical sciences, but weak or no positive associations in engineering and social sciences, with weak negative/positive or no associations in various arts and humanities, and a possible negative association for decision sciences. This gives the first systematic evidence that greater numbers of authors associates with higher quality journal articles in the majority of academia outside the arts and humanities, at least for the UK. Positive associations between team size and citation counts in areas with little association between team size and quality also show that audience effects or other nonquality factors account for the higher citation rates of coauthored articles in some fields.
On Text-based Personality Computing: Challenges and Future Directions

Text-based personality computing (TPC) has gained many research interests in NLP. In this paper, we describe 15 challenges that we consider deserving the attention of the research community. These challenges are organized by the following topics: personality taxonomies, measurement quality, datasets, performance evaluation, modelling choices, as well as ethics and fairness. When addressing each challenge, not only do we combine perspectives from both NLP and social sciences, but also offer concrete suggestions. We hope to inspire more valid and reliable TPC research.