Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Where the Party Rules: Party-Based Authoritarianism and the Reach of the Chinese State

In a large number of non-democratic countries, the power of the government rests upon the e↵ective organization of a ruling party. Today, China stands out as a successful party-based authoritarian regime. In contrast to conventional approaches, which emphasize the role of authoritarian parties in controlling elite conflict and electoral-legislative processes, this dissertation demonstrates that the party makes the regime strong at the local level. Thanks to the party, the Chinese government has a strong grip of local societies across its large realm. Since China has “crimson areas”, where the party is more present, and “pink areas”, where the party is less present, the Chinese case is ideally suited for a subnational comparative analysis of party-based authoritarianism. Subnational analysis, with its strong focus on geography, demonstrates that the party is doing much more than distributing patronage, and that as a result the state is most resilient, best at extracting taxes, and most e↵ective at implementing policy in places
Resveratrol Suppresses the Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth of Gliomas in Rats

Rupase: We wanted to investigate the antitumor effects and effect on angiogenesis of resveratrol in rat RT-2 gliomas. Ejs,enenmental Design: RT-2 glioma cells were treated with resveratrol, and then cytotoxicity was assayed, apoptosis was measured by flow-activated cell sorter flow cytometry, and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor was measured by reverse transcription-PCR Tumor size, animal survival time, and survival rate were followed in resveratrol-treated rats with s.c. or intracerebral gliomas. Furthermore, in vitro proliferation was assayed to explore the effect of resveratrol on the proliferation of ECV304 human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Expression of CD31 in resveratrol-treated gliomas was followed immunohistochemically to study the effect of resveratrol on the gliomainduced angiogenesis. Rerub: Resveratrol was demonstrated to exert cytotoxic effects and induce glioma cell apoptosis in a concentrationand timedependent manner (P < 0.05). Resveratrol (40 mg/kg/day) exerted significant antitumor effects on s.c. tumors, including slower tumor growth rate, longer animal sunival time, and higher animal survival rate (P < 0.05). J~I contrast, resveratrol affected intracerebral tumors at only an increased dose (100 mg/kg/day), prolonging animal survival (P < 0.05) without affecting survival rate The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the glioma cells and the proliferation of E C V W cells were inhibited by resveratrol in a concentration-dependent manner. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that the s.c. gliomas from Received 8/28/03; revised 1 1/18/03; accepted 11/21/03 . Grant support: Grant NTUH9 1 -SO40 from National Taiwan University Hospital and Grant NSC9 1-23 14-E3-002-338 from the National Science Council, Taiwan, Republic of China (S-H. Tseng). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. Requests for reprints: Yun Chen, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, 21, Sec. 2, Nan-Ya South Road, Pan-Chiao 220, Taipei 220, Taiwan. Phone: 886-2-29546200, ext. 2923, Fax: 886-2283 13781, E-mail: ths@hamc.ntuedu. tw. resveratrol-treated rats had fewer microvessel densities than did control rats (P < 0.01). Condusim: Resveratrol caused significant glioma cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis, exerted antitumor effects on the s.c. and intracerebral gliomas, and inhibited angiogenesis in s.c. gliomas. Thus, resveratrol might be considered a possible treatment strategy for gliomas.
Compliance with international regulatory regimes : the Basel Capital Adequacy Accord in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan, 1988-2003

The IPE literature on compliance has presented three theoretically competing mechanisms to induce compliance with international regulatory regimes: externality- based, market, and domestic compliance mechanisms. However, most studies on compliance have limited their analytic focus to formal compliance with explicit provisions of regimes, neglecting the question as to whether formal compliance enhances regime effectiveness, which is the fundamental issue of compliance. Yet, although national authorities implement an international regulatory regime, they frequently manipulate the implementation to help regulatory targets formally comply with its explicit provisions but still allow them, in practice, to defect from its objectives. This study introduces the concepts of cosmetic compliance and comprehensive compliance, and it analyses the effectiveness of the three compliance mechanisms in ensuring comprehensive compliance by addressing compliance with a momentous international financial regulatory regime, the 1988 Basel Capital Adequacy Accord, in three important Asian countries, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan, from 1988 to 2003. All three countries were formally in compliance with the regime throughout most of the period. However, Japan's compliance was consistently cosmetic, while Korea and Taiwan also complied cosmetically during much of the period. A high degree of comprehensive compliance occurred only in Taiwan during the early 1990s and in Korea during the late 1990s and early 2000s. All three compliance mechanisms contributed to formal compliance. However, the externality-based compliance mechanism and the market compliance mechanism were not effective in ensuring comprehensive compliance. The operation of the domestic compliance mechanism was necessary for comprehensive compliance; yet, its effectiveness relied on the capacity of national authorities to implement it. As a result, the actual outcome of the operation of the domestic compliance mechanism was affected by domestic factors, in particular, the capacity to deal with formal compliance failures by regulatory targets, the domestic distributional effects of compliance, and the independence of the regulatory authority.
Comovement across China, Hong Kong and U.S. Stock Markets

This study investigates the comovement across China, Hong Kong, and U.S. stock markets with the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) model proposed in Engle (2002). This study answers three questions. First, will the policies of the Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors system (QFII) and the Split Share Structure Reform in China impact the correlations across China, Hong Kong, and U.S. stock markets? I find evidence that both reform policies have significant positive impacts on the corresponding correlations, except the correlation between Shenzhen and the U.S. stock markets. In addition, the Split Share Structure Reform has greater impact than the QFII regime does. Second, how do the exogenous variables, the excessive trading volume, and the daily high-low price differential of each stock market drive the correlations between the Chinese and two developed markets? Only these exogenous variables from Hong Kong and U.S. stock markets have significant effects on corresponding correlations. In addition, the daily high-low price differential has greater explanatory power than the excessive trading volume does. Third, do the developed markets lead the Chinese market? There is no evidence on this hypothesis.
Comovement of East Asian Stock Markets

This paper examines the comovement of five equity markets in the East Asian region (i.e., Japan, China, Korea, Hong Kong, and Taiwan) and the dependence structure of these to the U.S. stock market. In particular, by separately investigating the U.S. influence on the night-time returns and the comovement of day-time returns in the East Asian stock market, this paper contributes to understanding the linkages across the East Asian and the U.S. stock markets. The results are summarized as follows. First, except China we find high cross-sectional correlation of the daily stock returns across the East Asian and the U.S. markets. A comparison of the results between the two sub-periods demonstrates a recent strengthening of the linkages. In particular, China records profound increases in its correlations with the other East Asian and the U.S. markets. Second, we find that with the exception of China the stock returns on the U.S. market exert a significant impact on the night-time market returns of Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Japan (in order). We also observe that a volatility surprise in the U.S. market affects the night-time return volatility in the stock markets of Taiwan, Korea, Hong Kong, and Japan (in order). Third, we find that there exist negative return spillover effects from the U.S. market to the day-time returns in the stock markets of Korea, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. In addition, spillover effects of daily return volatility from the U.S. market to the day-time return volatility of the stock markets of Korea, Taiwan, Japan, and Hong Kong (in order). Finally, we observe profound comovement of day-time stock returns across East Asian stock markets except for China. However, China exhibits significant increases in its correlations with the other East Asian markets between the two sub-periods.
Predictors of Bisexual Behaviour among MSM Attending Intervention Sites May Help in Prevention Interventions for This Bridge to the Heterosexual Epidemic in India: Data from HIV Sentinel Surveillance

Background Indian cultural tradition demanding marriage, many MSM howsoever they self-identify are likely to be married or have sex with women. To consolidate India's HIV prevention gains, it is important to understand and address the interaction between the MSM and heterosexual epidemics in India and create specific interventions for bisexual MSM. The challenge is to identify and intervene this hard to reach population. Data from HIV Sentinel Surveillance 2011 among MSM in four Indian states were analyzed to assess predictors and prevalence of bisexual behaviour in MSM. Methods Between March-May 2011, 4682 men (15–49 years) who had anal/oral sex with a male partner in the past month, attending intervention sites and consenting for an un-linked anonymous survey answered an 11- item questionnaire and provided blood for HIV test by finger stick at 19 designated surveillance sites. Results Of 4682 MSM tested overall, 5% were illiterate, 51% reported only receptive anal intercourse, 21% only penetrative and 28% both. 36% MSM had ever received money for sex. Overall 6.8% were HIV infected. 44% MSM were bisexual in the last six months. On multivariate analysis, ‘being bisexual’ was found to be independently associated with ‘older age’: 26–30 years [AOR = 3.1, 95% CI(2.7, 3.7)], >30 years [AOR = 6.5, 95% CI(5.5, 7.7)]; ‘reporting penetrative behaviour alone’ with other men [AOR = 5.8, 95% CI(4.8, 7.0), p<0.01] and ‘reporting both penetrative and receptive behaviour’ [AOR = 2.7, 95% CI(2.3, 3.1) p<0.01]. Those who both paid and received money for sex [AOR = 0.49, 95% CI (0.38, 0.62)] were significantly less likely to be bisexual. Conclusions A substantial proportion of men receiving services from Targeted Intervention programs are bisexual and the easy opportunity for intervention in this setting should be capitalised upon. Focusing on older MSM, as well as MSM who show penetrative behaviour with other men, could help in reaching this population.
The Influence of Culture on Consumer Impulsive Buying Behavior

Impulse buying generates over $4 billion in annual sales volume in the United States. With the growth of e-commerce and television shopping channels, consumers have easy access to impulse purchasing opportunities, but little is known about this sudden, compelling, hedonically complex purchasing behavior in non-Western cultures. Yet cultural factors moderate many aspects of consumer's impulsive buying behavior, including self-identity, normative influences, the suppression of emotion, and the postponement of instant gratification. From a multi-country survey of consumers in Australia, United States, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia, our analyses show that both regional level factors (individualism–collectivism) and individual cultural difference factors (independent –interdependent self-concept) systematically influence impulsive purchasing behavior.
Prevalence and the Long-term Coronary Risks of Patients With Kawasaki Disease in a General Population <40 Years: A National Database Study

Background— Patients with Kawasaki disease (kDa) may develop coronary arterial lesions and subsequent coronary events. The first reported case in Taiwan was in 1976, and the annual incidence from 2003 to 2006 was 69/100 000 children < 5 years. A population study from Taiwan, a country with a high incidence of kDa, national health insurance, and easily accessible medical care, would adequately reflect the long-term risk. Methods and Results— We retrieved the data of kDa patients from a national health insurance 2000 to 2010 database of Taiwan, a country with a child health index similar to those in the United States. The occurrence of coronary complications and interventions was identified by the respective International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes. The prevalence of kDa in the population < 40 years was 34.9/100 000 (male/female ratio, 1.47). Coronary complications occurred in 1254 patients (5.37%; male/female ratio, 2.19), with an average annual risk of 2.4% (2.7% for males and 2.0% for females). An acute myocardial infarction occurred in 19 patients (0.08%; 18 males and 1 female), of whom one third were aged between 10 and 15 years (median, 15.7 years; range, 0.7–36.7 years). A coronary intervention was performed by catheterization in 18 patients (all males) at a median age of 24.5 years and by surgery in 10 patients (male/female ratio, 4.0) at a median age of 21.7 years, with mortality at discharge being 0% and 25%, respectively. Conclusions— This study estimated the overall prevalence of kDa (≈1/2940) in a population < 40 years. They, particularly the males, carry long-term coronary risks from a young age. Risk stratification for a timely coronary intervention and risk modification are mandatory.
Taxonomic Relationships within the Pan-Oriental Narrow-mouth Toad Microhyla ornata as Revealed by mtDNA Analysis (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae)

Abstract A molecular phylogenetic survey was conducted using mtDNA sequences of 12S and 16S rRNA, and cyt-b genes to examine taxonomic relationships among populations of the Pan-Oriental microhylid, Microhyla ornata, from India, Bangladesh, Thailand, Laos, China, Taiwan, and the Ryukyu Archipelago of Japan. Two discrete clades are recognized within this species, one consisting of populations from India and Bangladesh, and the other encompassing the remaining populations. In the latter clade, populations from the Ryukyu Archipelago are clearly split from the rest (populations from Taiwan and the continent) with considerable degrees of genetic differentiations. Each of the three lineages is judged to represent a good species, and the name Microhyla ornata is restricted to the South Asian populations. For the populations from Taiwan and a wide region from China to Southeast Asia, the name Microhyla fissipes should be applied, whereas the Ryukyu populations are most appropriately referred to as Microhyla okinavensis, although further substantial genetic differentiations are recognized among some island group populations within this last species.
The Prostitution of Sexuality

In 1979, Kathleen Barry's landmark book, Female Sexual Slavery, pulled back the curtain on a world of abuse prostitution that shocked the world. Documenting in devastating detail the lives of street prostitutes and the international traffic in women, Barry's work was called powerful and compassionate by Adrienne Rich and a courageous and crusading book that should be read everywhere by Gloria Steinem. The Los Angeles Times found it a powerful work filled with disbelief, outrage, and documentation . sexual bondage shackles women as much today as it has for centuries. In The Prostitution of Sexuality, Barry assesses where we are 15 years later, how far we've come and, more importantly, how far we have still to go. Shifting her focus from the sexuality of prostitution to the prostitution of sexuality, Barry exposes the practice of teenage sexual exploitation and the flourishing Asian sex tour industry, emphasizing the world-wide role of the expanding multi-billion dollar pornography industry. The work identifies the global conditions of sexual exploitation, from sex industrialization in developing countries to te normalization of prostitution in the West. The Prostitution of Sexuality considers sexual exploitation a political condition and thus the foundation of women's subordination and the base from which discrimination against women is constructed and enacted. Breaking new ground, Barry convincingly argues for the need to integrate the struggle against sexual exploitation in prostitution into broader feminist struggles and to place it, as one of several connected issues, in the forefront of the feminist agenda. Barry concludes the book with a sampling of strategies-- international, regional, local, and personal--that feminist activists have employed successfully since the early 1980s, highlighting new international legal strategies for human rights resulting from her work.
Risk factors associated with date rape and sexual assault of adolescent girls

Abstract The prevalence of and risk factors associated with unwanted sexual activity by dates/boyfriends were studied prospectively over a four-year period in a sample of young, rural adolescent girls. Twenty-three per cent reported such experiences from dates/boyfriends by the fourth year of the study, including forced touching, intercourse, oral sex, and/or other sexual behaviors; fifteen per cent had experienced date rape. Familial variables were not found to be significant predictors of unwanted sexual activity by dates/boyfriends. However, earlier age of menarche and sexual activity were significant predictors, as were more sexually active same sex friends, poorer peer relationships, and poorer emotional status.
Sexual Behaviors and Experiences Among Behaviorally Bisexual Latino Men in the Midwestern United States: Implications for Sexual Health Interventions

The midwestern United States has a high number of recent Latino migrants, but little information is available regarding their sexual behaviors. A total of 75 behaviorally bisexual men (25 Latino, 25 Black and 25 White) participated in an exploratory study on sexual health. The data presented in this article are restricted to the 25 self-identified Latino men. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted and optional self-administered sexual transmitted infection (STI) screening was provided. The measures used were taken from the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB), a probability study of the sexual behaviors of nearly 6,000 individuals, age 14 to 94, in the United States. In this sample of bisexual men, the most commonly reported sexual behaviors were masturbation, vaginal intercourse and receiving oral sex from male and female partners. The majority of the participants were the insertive partner during anal sex with male partners. Many of the participants reported alcohol use during their most recent sexual activity. A fair number reported not using condoms during their last sexual event. Pleasure, arousal, orgasm and erectile functioning were markedly similar despite partner gender. A small number of participants also engaged in sexual activities with transgender individuals. All of the Latino participants took part in optional self-collection for STI specimens. The results of the study provide rich insights into the sexual behavior and related factors, as well as potential risk behaviors, of bisexual Latino men that may be targeted for future sexual health promotion efforts.
Holland Typology: An Empirical Study on Its Factorial Structure何倫類型論之因素結構分析(英文稿)

本研究之目的，旨在從兩個層面驗證John Holland生計類型理論在我國的理論建構：其一在於測試Holland類型論中六個人格類型因素的建構效度，其二在於驗證因素之間排列的適切性。 研究對象爲八百八十位臺北市高中（含普通高中、高商、及高工三類學校）的學生，男女各半。 測量工具為Holland之「職業自我探索量表」(Self-Directed Search)。 中譯本經過囘譯法、預試，以及項目分析等手續，在信度、聚斂和區別效度，以及建構效度方面所得到的結果均屬理想。 在因素結構方面，經由因素分析統計結果發現，Holland理論的因素給構大部份獲得證實，惟在「社會型」與「企業型」方面，無論男女學生的結果均顯示出這兩型屬同一因素。 在因素結構排列的適切性方面，經使用Wakefield & Doughtie的空間分析發現，六個因素的排列順序與Holland的六角形理論並無二致。 所不同者，本研究的結果呈鐘形排列，與Holland六角對稱的形狀略有出入。 本研究之結果反應出若干值得重視的文化差異問題，無論在理論的實際應用方面，或評量工具的修訂方面，均值得進一步探究。 This study was designed to identify the construct validity of the six career types of Holland's hexagonal model, and to test the appropriateness of the model. The subjects for this study were 880 Chinese high school students, balanced by sex and proportional to grade (10th and 12th) in Taipei, Taiwan, the Republic of China. Subjects were acquired by sampling a proportionate number of students from three major types of high schools: namely, senior high school, industrial high school, and commercial high school. The measure utilized in the assessment of the Holland's six career types was an adaptation and Chinese translation of the Self-Directed Search (SDS), which was developed by using the following procedures: (1) Back-translation technique; (2) Pilot test and revision; and (3) Item analysis of the revised, translation. Based on the data of reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and construct validity, the Chinese SDS is to some extent an equivalent measure of Holland's typology. In general, the results of factor analyses supported the factorial structure of Holland's hexagonal model. The only exception was that the Social and Enterprising types were combined into one factor for male and female samples. By utilizing the Wakefield and Doughtie's spatial analysis, the psychological resemblances among types confirmed the hexagon model proposed by Holland, yet the hexagon formed was a bell-shaped one. The bellshaped figure, with R and I in the upper portion and A, S, E, C in the lower portion, implies that the perception of Chinese high school students can be classified into two primary categories, the natural sciences and the humanistic-social sciences. However, sex differences were found in these categories. Males were better than females in differentiating the R and I types, while females were better than males' in distinguishing the A-SE-C types except for the distance between S add E types.
Excellence and equity in high-performing education systems: policy lessons from Singapore and Hong Kong / Excelencia y equidad en sistemas educativos de alto rendimiento: lecciones de las políticas educativas en Singapur y Hong Kong

Abstract In recent years, both Singapore and Hong Kong have been ranked top in international education rankings. They are widely admired as high-performing education systems (HPES) and, not surprisingly, among the best education systems in the world. The success stories of Singapore and Hong Kong education have aroused widespread attention internationally among different stakeholders, such as policymakers, researchers and practitioners, to investigate if it is possible for their policies and practices to be learned and borrowed by other countries. In this article, we stress the importance of context in understanding policy phenomena and possibilities for policy transfer. The Singapore and Hong Kong education systems are facing critical issues such as the economization of education, educational disparities and the paradigm shift from meritocracy to parentocracy. How well they deal with these policy issues will determine if their present international standing continues into the future. This article provides a critical review of their education policies to explore how these policies can be refined and adjusted in order to cope with the challenges facing both education systems.