Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Bregman Proximal Perspective on Classical and Quantum Blahut-Arimoto Algorithms

The Blahut-Arimoto algorithm is a well-known method to compute classical channel capacities and rate-distortion functions. Recent works have extended this algorithm to compute various quantum analogs of these quantities. In this paper, we show how these Blahut-Arimoto algorithms are special instances of mirror descent, which is a type of Bregman proximal method, and a well-studied generalization of gradient descent for constrained convex optimization. Using recently developed convex analysis tools, we show how analysis based on relative smoothness and strong convexity recovers known sublinear and linear convergence rates for Blahut-Arimoto algorithms. This Bregman proximal viewpoint allows us to derive related algorithms with similar convergence guarantees to solve problems in information theory for which Blahut-Arimoto-type algorithms are not directly applicable. We apply this framework to compute energy-constrained classical and quantum channel capacities, classical and quantum rate-distortion functions, and approximations of the relative entropy of entanglement, all with provable convergence guarantees.
Movie Genre Classification by Language Augmentation and Shot Sampling

Video-based movie genre classification has garnered considerable attention due to its various applications in recommendation systems. Prior work has typically addressed this task by adapting models from traditional video classification tasks, such as action recognition or event detection. However, these models often neglect language elements (e.g., narrations or conversations) present in videos, which can implicitly convey high-level semantics of movie genres, like storylines or background context. Additionally, existing approaches are primarily designed to encode the entire content of the input video, leading to inefficiencies in predicting movie genres. Movie genre prediction may require only a few shots to accurately determine the genres, rendering a comprehensive understanding of the entire video unnecessary. To address these challenges, we propose a Movie genre Classification method based on Language augmentatIon and shot samPling (Movie-CLIP). Movie-CLIP mainly consists of two parts: a language augmentation module to recognize language elements from the input audio, and a shot sampling module to select representative shots from the entire video. We evaluate our method on MovieNet and Condensed Movies datasets, achieving approximate 6-9% improvement in mean Average Precision (mAP) over the baselines. We also generalize Movie-CLIP to the scene boundary detection task, achieving 1.1% improvement in Average Precision (AP) over the state-of-the-art. We release our implementation at github.com/Zhongping-Zhang/Movie-CLIP.
SIGLE: a valid procedure for Selective Inference with the Generalized Linear Lasso

This articles investigates the distribution of the solutions of the generalized linear lasso (GLL) sharing the same support. In this framework of post-selection inference (PSI), we investigate the selected and the saturated models: two different paradigms that determine the hypothesis being tested. Based on a new conditional Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) approach, we introduce a procedure (referred to as SIGLE) to obtain asymptotically valid PSI confidence regions and simple hypothesis testing procedures for Generalized Linear Models (GLMs). In a second stage, we focus on the sparse logistic regression and we exhibit conditions ensuring that our conditional MLE method is valid. We present extensive numerical simulations supporting our theoretical results.
Solodov On attraction of Newton-type iterates to multipliers violating second-order sufficiency conditions

Assuming that the primal part of the sequence generated by a Newton-type (e.g., SQP) method applied to an equality-constrained problem converges to a solution where the constraints are degenerate, we investigate whether the dual part of the sequence is attracted by those Lagrange multipliers which satisfy second-order sufficient condition (SOSC) for optimality, or by those multipliers which violate it. This question is relevant at least for two reasons: one is speed of convergence of standard methods; the other is applicability of some recently proposed approaches for handling degenerate constraints. We show that for the class of damped Newton methods, convergence of the dual sequence to multipliers satisfying SOSC is unlikely to occur. We support our findings by numerical experiments. We also suggest a simple auxiliary procedure for computing multiplier estimates, which does not have this undesirable property. Finally, some consequences for the case of mixed equality and inequality constraints are discussed.
Exploring Seiberg-like N-alities with Eight Supercharges

We show that a large subclass of 3d $\mathcal{N}=4$ quiver gauge theories consisting of unitary and special unitary gauge nodes with only fundamental/bifundamental matter have multiple Seiberg-like IR duals. A generic quiver $\mathcal{T}$ in this subclass has a non-zero number of balanced special unitary gauge nodes and it is a good theory in the Gaiotto-Witten sense. We refer to this phenomenon as"IR N-ality"and the set of mutually IR dual theories as the"N-al set"associated with the quiver $\mathcal{T}$. Starting from $\mathcal{T}$, we construct a sequence of dualities by step-wise implementing a set of quiver mutations which act locally on the gauge nodes. The associated N-al theories can then be read off from this duality sequence. The quiver $\mathcal{T}$ generically has an emergent Coulomb branch global symmetry in the IR, such that the rank of the IR symmetry is always greater than the rank visible in the UV. We show that there exists at least one theory in the N-al set for which the rank of the IR symmetry precisely matches the rank of the UV symmetry. In certain special cases that we discuss in this work, the correct emergent symmetry algebra itself may be read off from this preferred theory (or theories) in addition to the correct rank. Finally, we give a recipe for constructing the 3d mirror associated with a given N-al set and show how the emergent Coulomb branch symmetry of $\mathcal{T}$ is realized as a UV-manifest Higgs branch symmetry of the 3d mirror. This paper is the second in a series of four papers on 3d $\mathcal{N}=4$ Seiberg-like dualities, preceded by the work [arXiv:2210.04921].
Closed Drafting as a Case Study for First-Principle Interpretability, Memory, and Generalizability in Deep Reinforcement Learning

Closed drafting or"pick and pass"is a popular game mechanic where each round players select a card or other playable element from their hand and pass the rest to the next player. In this paper, we establish first-principle methods for studying the interpretability, generalizability, and memory of Deep Q-Network (DQN) models playing closed drafting games. In particular, we use a popular family of closed drafting games called"Sushi Go Party", in which we achieve state-of-the-art performance. We fit decision rules to interpret the decision-making strategy of trained DRL agents by comparing them to the ranking preferences of different types of human players. As Sushi Go Party can be expressed as a set of closely-related games based on the set of cards in play, we quantify the generalizability of DRL models trained on various sets of cards, establishing a method to benchmark agent performance as a function of environment unfamiliarity. Using the explicitly calculable memory of other player's hands in closed drafting games, we create measures of the ability of DRL models to learn memory.
Archives of Sports Medicine

Introduction: Apneas form an essential tool for training in aquatics including swimming, fin swimming and synchronized swimming (SS). We examine the direct responses and the long-term physiological adaptations to acute apnea and apnea training respectively in order to determine their potential impact on SS athletes’ performance. Evidence acquisition: A literature review was conducted using as keywords apnea , hypoxia , diving response and synchronized swimming. Evidence synthesis : Apnea-trained individuals demonstrate more effective responses to acute hypoxia compared to controls including stronger diving response and other hematological variables. The latter involves an elevated hematocrit and hemoglobin and reduced blood acidosis. Long-term physiological adaptations to apnea training largely in divers include bigger lungs, stronger respiratory muscles and increased blood circulation in the brain possibly accountable for their superior reaction to hypoxic conditions. Conclusions: Physiological responses to acute apnea and apnea training may favourably influence SS athletes’ performance. Apnea adaptations are manifested not only in improved tolerance to hypoxia and oxygen conservation but also, in delayed blood acidosis. Attempts to illuminate apnea-conditioned athletes’ physiological adaptations to hypoxia may refer to the trigeminovagal reflexes e.g., the diving response and to the cold shock response . Arguably, these interrelated yet not elucidated reflexes are activated with apnea and cold water immersion. As apnea-training adaptations resemble altitude acclimatisation, future research may compare the impact of the exposure between these two conditions on athletes’ performance. Finally, attention should be drawn to the reduced chemo-sensitivity to hypoxia found in apnea-conditioned individuals as it might be life threatening.
Upscaling particle transport in discrete fracture networks: 1. Nonreactive tracers

We study tracer transport through discrete fracture networks and develop a methodology for upscaling particle breakthrough curves on the basis of fracture segment data. Our prime interest is to model the early arrival and peak of tracer breakthrough curves, i.e., to capture the bulk of the tracer mass arrival. This study is based on two‐dimensional discrete fracture network simulations, combined with a truncated one‐sided stable distribution as a model for upscaling particle transitions. Results indicate that this model can accurately capture the bulk mass and peak of the breakthrough distributions for an upscaled distance of at least 1 order of magnitude in terms of transport scale, which for our simulations is about 2 orders of magnitude greater than the mean fracture segment scale. We also introduce an accurate mapping algorithm for transforming Eulerian into Lagrangian flow statistics, without a priori knowledge of network connectivity.
Detecting anomalous sea-level states in North Sea tide gauge data using of autoassociative Neural Network

Sea level in the North Sea is densely monitored by tide gauges. These measurements are used for validation as well as for the detection of extreme events. Here, we focus on the detection of sea level states with anomalous spatial correlations. An autoassociative neural network emulates the spatial correlations of gauges in a lower dimensional subspace. Anomalous 10 sea-level states are defined by means of failure of the reconstruction model. Using spatially distributed data as input to the network thus reveals sea-level conditions with unusual spatial correlations. The corresponding atmospheric conditions indicate high wind tendencies and pressure anomalies. Quantitative analysis of such states might help assess and improve numerical model quality in the future as well as provide new insights into the nonlinear processes involved. The method has the advantage of being easily applicable to any tide gauge array without preprocessing the data or acquiring any additional information.
(Microsoft Word-\325\307\315\310 \307\343\312\355\307\322 \346 \344\307\324\32111 \(Repaired\).docx)

:هصلاخ هنومن رادم كي ،هلاقم نيا رد هگن و رادرب تقد اب يلضافت مامت راد 12 هداد خرن يارب تيب 200 Ms/s يداهنشيپ رادم رد . تسا هديدرگ هئارا نينچمه و يطخ تيصاخ شيازفا روظنم هب هلاقم نيا چيئوسزا ،دركلمع ژاتلو نازيم شيازفا تهج پرتسا توب ياه هنومن يرادرب يدورو لانگيس زا ظنت لباق هرهب اب يجورخ رفاب كي زا يداهنشيپ رادم يور رب يدعب تاقبط يراذگراب رثا زا يريگولج روظنم هب نينچمه . تسا هديدرگ هدافتسا مي رازفا مرن طسوت يداهنشيپ رادم دركلمع . تسا هديدرگ هدافتسا يطخ تيصاخ شيازفا تهج Hspice ت زا هدافتسا اب يژولونك CMOS-0.35um هيبش دروم يزاس رارق هتفرگ تسا هك جياتن هيبش ،يزاس دركلمع بسانم رادم ار تهج خرن هداد 200Ms/s اب تقد 12 تيب رد يم قيدصت يجورخ . دنك
The typology of property formation in course of land reform in Estonia.

The implementation of land reform has influenced the formation of property structure. The main procedures of land reform activities are stated in Estonian legislation. However, the provisions for determining the area and the boundaries for properties to be formed in the course of land reform are stated in legal acts in an unsystematic way. The aim of this study is to systematize the parcel area and the boundaries determination procedures that are used in the course of land reform for property formation. The examination of the relationships among different property formation procedures are part of this study. The methodology of the study was a systematic analysis of the property formation procedures provided by the Estonian Land Reform Act. The results of the study show that property formation during the course of land reform can be easy and simple in some cases. In other cases, property formation may be complicated. The determination of the area and boundaries of parcels to be formed is often an issue of discretion in such cases. The results of the study support the basis for better understanding land reform outcomes. It gives some explanation of the land fragmentation that is one of the outcomes of land reform. The results of the study also serve as a basis for future studies of land reform issues.
Myojin Rift, Izu–Bonin Arc as the Modern Analog of Hokuroku Basin, Northeast Japan: Geotectonic Significance of the New Hydrothermal Deposit in the Back‐Arc Rift

A huge hydrothermal field, named the “Hakurei Sulfide Deposit” (HSD) was discovered in the North Myojin Rift (NMR), Izu–Bonin Back‐Arc Rift (BAR) during the 2003 survey cruise of R/V Hakurei‐maru No.2. This paper investigates the geotectonic features and the tectonic setting of ore deposits between the NMR and the Hokuroku Basin, which is representative of kuroko fields in Japan. The topographic features of the NMR and the Hokuroku Basin are similar. Both have a clear ring structure surrounded by faults and the east–west width is almost the same. Many kuroko deposits were formed on the extrusion centers of the five pre‐mineral acidic volcanic complexes, located in a loop inside the Hokuroku Basin. In the case of the NMR, seven submarine volcanoes are also located in a loop, and the HSD formed inside the summit caldera of Bayonnaise Knoll, which is one of the seven volcanoes. These topographic similarities highlight that the NMR is a modern analog of the Hokuroku Basin. Identifying such similarities is extremely useful when prospecting kuroko deposits on land equivalents as well as on the other segments of the Izu–Bonin BAR. The probability of finding kuroko deposits on land is expected to increase when the following are identified: (i) location of back‐arc rift and the volcanic front; (ii) direction of the arc–trench system and intra‐rift faults (and/or fracture zone); (iii) position of submarine volcanoes surrounding a back‐arc rift; and (iv) intersections of a caldera fault and intra‐rift fault (and/or fracture zone) inside the summit caldera of submarine volcanoes. Within these aforementioned points a ring structure, acidic volcanic complexes that circle the circuit and submarine calderas along the volcanic front, are an important indication of submarine hydrothermal deposits.
Eddy Transport of Heat and Thermocline Waters in the North Pacific: A Key to Interannual/Decadal Climate Variability?

Abstract High-resolution XBT transects in the North Pacific Ocean, at an average latitude of 22°N, are analyzed together with TOPEX/Poseidon altimetric data to determine the structure and transport characteristics of the mesoscale eddy field. Based on anomalies in dynamic height, 410 eddies are identified in 30 transects from 1991 to 1999, including eddies seen in multiple transects over a year or longer. Their wavelength is typically 500 km, with peak-to-trough temperature difference of 2.2°C in the center of the thermocline. The features slant westward with decreasing depth, by 0.8° of longitude on average from 400 m up to the sea surface. This tilt produces a depth-varying velocity/temperature correlation and hence a vertical meridional overturning circulation. In the mean, 3.9 Sv (Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) of thermocline waters are carried southward by the eddy field over the width of the basin, balanced mainly by northward flow in the surface layer. Corresponding northward heat transport is 0.086 ± 0.012 pW.
Factors Controlling Phosphorus Mobilization in a Coastal Plain Tributary to the Chesapeake Bay

Nutrients released to open waters may cause deterioration of water quality and impact aquatic ecosystems. Although a significant fraction of phosphorus (P) entering brackish tidal waters may be retained in the riverbed, such storage could be temporary because a fraction of retained P can be remobilized during the fluctuation of physiochemical and biological conditions in the river water. This study aimed to identify the roles of environmental parameters in remobilizing P from selected sections of East Creek on the Delmarva Peninsula in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. It included a series of field measurements and controlled laboratory experiments using sediment and water samples from the creek. Environmental parameters chosen to identify P release included biologically mediated redox change, pH, salinity, and temperature. Our results show that enhanced microbial activity and pH fluctuation play major roles in P release from all sites, and the extent of P release from headwater sediments (agriculture-intensive area) was three to four times higher than that in the lower reaches of the creek (wetlands). Increases in salinity and temperature promoted release of P, albeit in insignificant amounts. Calculation based on regression equations developed from statistical analysis of P release and retention data indicated that a significant amount of P could be remobilized from the creek bed sediments under current conditions. Furthermore, the relationship of water O isotope ratios with tide and water column P concentrations indicates that the tides play a major role in diluting and removing P from the upstream region of the creek. These results highlight the role of biogeochemical processes in remobilization of legacy P from river bed sediment and export from a watershed.
Success after failure : the role of endometrial stem cells in recurrent miscarriage 1

Copyright and reuse: The Warwick Research Archive Portal (WRAP) makes this work by researchers of the University of Warwick available open access under the following conditions. Copyright © and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable the material made available in WRAP has been checked for eligibility before being made available.
LEARNING TO FORGET: Architectural Recreation, Spatial Visualization and Imaging the Unseen

Children learn through play, through re-creating situations and events. While playing, children forget themselves, time is suspended, and mind, body and emotions work together simultaneously in the child's re-creations. This is a four-dimensional type of space, similar to the intuitive inner space that opens up during the spatial visualization of architectural recreation. The following discusses an architectural pedagogy that teaches students how to forget: how to leave behind the inherent symbolic and logic structures of the rational mind that would have them name things, so that they may develop the abilities of the metaphoric mind to visualize spatially and image the unseen.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOME ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS AND FASTING BLOOD SUGAR IN APPARENTLY HEALTHY YOUNG ADULTS

INTRODUCTION: Anthropometric parameters refer to several quantitative measurements of the body adipose and muscle composition. It serves as an important indicator of nutritive status and physical fitness among adults as well as children AIM: This research aims to ascertain the relationship between anthropometric parameters and fasting blood sugar in healthy young adults. METHODOLOGY: This is a randomized cross sectional observational study. 220 apparently healthy students (54 male and 166 female) of Rivers State College of Health Sciences and Management Technology, Port Harcourt were recruited into the study. Anthropometric measurements including Waist Circumference (cm), Abdominal Circumference (cm), Hip Circumference (cm), were taken alongside Fasting blood sugar. RESULTS: males were observed to have slightly higher values for waist, abdominal and hip circumferences while females were observed to have slightly higher values for waist to hip ratio. A significant positive correlation between fasting blood glucose and HC (r=0.165, p<0.05) was observed while showing a significant negative correlation between fasting blood sugar and WHR (r=-0.149, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Waist, abdominal and hip circumferences can be used alongside BMI in the determination of obesity and other cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
Aerosol characteristics over different regions of southern Africa : using sunphotometer and satellite measurements.

To build a long term database and improve on the accuracy of the satellite products used for aerosol studies, there is a need to periodically carry out intercomparison and validation of these instruments with ground-based instruments. Using the ground-based instrument of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) at Skukuza, we have carried out the validation of Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (Terra and Aqua) level 3 Aerosol optical depth (AOD) products using the data for the year 2010. We also calculated and carried out regression analysis on these satellite products using a 10 years dataset (2004–2013) to evaluate their performance at a hinterland and coastland. The validation showed that MISR was better correlated with AERONET having a coefficient of determination (R) of 0.94, and MODIS-Terra and Aqua with R=0.68 and 0.77, respectively. The long term regression analysis at the two selected locations showed MODIS products underestimating MISR. At the hinterland, MISR showed an increasing trend while MODIS Terra and Aqua products showed a decreasing trend over the study period. While at the coastland, MISR showed negative and positive trends with Terra and Aqua MODIS, respectively. When the two MODIS products were compared, they were better correlated at the coastland (R=0.66) than hinterland (R=0.59). When they compared based on seasonal variations, they were better correlated in the winter season in both locations than any other seasons. Further, the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Ultra-Violet Aerosol Index (UVAI) which was used to monitor the absorption property of aerosols over the two locations showed an increasing trend with 0.0089/yr at hinterland and 0.0022/yr at coastland.
Advance and Prospects on Salt-tolerant Transgenge Alfalfa

Salinization of the soil greatly affects the growth of alfalfa.In this paper,the research progress through genetic engineering to improve the ability of alfalfa salinity and some new salt-tolerant alfalfa material obtained through genetic engineering methods were reviewed,and some problems in currently study of salinity tolerance of transgenic alfalfa were analyzed,the future research trend was prospected.