Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CT vs. bioluminescence: A comparison of imaging techniques for orthotopic prostate tumors in mice

Prostate cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancers in men in the United States. In mouse models, orthotopic tumors are favored for their biological relevance and simulation of growth in a microenvironment akin to that found in humans. However, to monitor the disease course, animal models require consistent and noninvasive surveillance. In vivo bioluminescent imaging has become a mainstay imaging modality due to its flexibility and ease of use. However, with some orthotopic prostate tumor models, bioluminescence fails to describe disease progression due to optical scattering and signal attenuation. CT scanning, in addition to its utility in human cancer diagnosis and surveillance, can be applied to mouse models with improved results. However, CT imaging has poor definition when imaging soft tissues and is not routinely used in prostate cancer models. Using an orthotopic prostate cancer model, our results demonstrate that, when compared to bioluminescent imaging, CT imaging correlates more closely to orthotopic prostate tumor growth in mice. Based on the data from this study, we conclude that CT imaging can be used as an alternative to the more commonly used bioluminescent imaging for measuring orthotopic prostate cancer growth over time.
Chromatin accessibility-based characterisation of brain gene regulatory networks in three distinct honey bee polyphenisms

Abstract The honey bee genome has the capacity to produce three phenotypically distinct organisms (two diploid female castes: queen and worker, and a haploid male drone). Previous studies have implicated metabolic flux acting via epigenetic regulation in directing nutrition-driven phenotypic plasticity in the honey bee. However, the cis-acting DNA regulatory elements that establish tissue and polyphenism -specific epigenomes and gene expression programmes, remain unclear. Using a high resolution multiomic approach including assay for transposase-accessible chromatin by sequencing (ATAC-seq), RNA-seq and ChIP-seq, we produce the first genome-wide maps of the regulatory landscape across all three adult honey bee phenotypes identifying > 5000 regulatory regions in queen, 7500 in worker and 6500 in drone, with the vast majority of these sites located within intronic regions. These regions are defined by positive enrichment of H3K27ac and depletion of H3K4me3 and show a positive correlation with gene expression. Using ATAC-seq footprinting we determine queen, worker and drone -specific transcription factor occupancy and uncover novel phenotype-specific regulatory networks identifying two key nuclear receptors that have previously been implicated in caste-determination and adult behavioural maturation in honey bees; ecdysone receptor and ultraspiracle. Collectively, this study provides novel insights into key gene regulatory networks that are associated with these distinct polyphenisms in the honey bee.
Supportive or Hindering Physical Environments in Hospital Units Dealing With COVID-19 Patients

Purpose: This project was designed to discover how hospital units with COVID-19 patients influenced staff’s medical practices and health conditions. Background: Although hospital environments have well-known associations with health outcomes, findings are limited in demonstrating the role of physical environments during a global pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted from three units in a university hospital and a total of 113 staff participated. They rated the impact of physical environments on staff members’ medical practice and their health conditions before and mid-pandemic. They also specified physical changes, hindering and helpful features, and future improvements in open-ended questions. Results: The perceived supportiveness of the physical environments on communication significantly dropped from before-pandemic to midpandemic, followed by mental health and feeling of connection and engagement. Separating COVID-19 patients helped staff workflow, but staff felt disconnected and had poor visibility. Conclusion: Based on painful lessons, interdisciplinary researchers, including healthcare professionals, designers, and administrators, should further collaborate to create supportive hospital environments.
Attoclock revisited on electron tunnelling time

ABSTRACT The last decade has seen an intense renewed debate on tunnelling time, both from a theoretical and an experimental perspective. Here, we review recent developments and new insights in the field of strong-field tunnel ionization related to tunnelling time, and apply these findings to the interpretation of the attoclock experiment Landsman et al. [Optica 2014, 1, 343]. We conclude that models including finite tunnelling time are consistent with recent experimental measurements. Abbreviations: A: adiabatic; ADK: Ammosov, Delone and Krainov model (1, 2); CEO: carrier-envelope-offset phase ; CoM: centre of mass; CTMC: classical trajectory monte carlo simulation; FWHM: full width half maximum; IR: infrared; KR: Keldysh-Rutherford model; NA: non-adiabatic; PMD: photoelectron momentum distribution; PPT: Perelomov, Popov and Terent'ev model (3, 4); SAE: single active electron approximation; SCT: singleclassical trajectory; SFA: strong field approximation; TDSE: time-dependent Schrödinger equation
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in a Pediatric Patient with Simultaneous Gastrointestinal and Skin Involvement: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) has heterogeneous presentations involving single or multiple systems, but simultaneous isolated skin and gastrointestinal involvement is not common. Case report: A female infant with intermittent bloody diarrhea was unresponsive for treatment of food allergy. Histology of gastric and colonic tissues demonstrated Langerhan’s cell histiocytosis. The infant also had red rashes that were histologically proven Langerhan’s cell histiocytosis. Chemotherapy utilized vincristine, cytarabine and prednisone. The bloody diarrhea and rash completely resolved with no recurrence in the 11 months of follow-up. Conclusion: Langerhan cell histiocytosis may present with simultaneous gastrointestinal and skin involvement.
Almond paste and dietary fibre: a novel way to improve postprandial glucose and lipid profiles?

Abstract Asia has become the epicentre of type 2 diabetes (T2D), predominately due to the consumption of carbohydrate-rich and high-glycemic-index (high-GI) diets. Previously, almond consumption has been reported to reduce the risk of T2D, obesity, and related diseases. The hypothesis of this randomised cross-over clinical trial was that almond paste consumption with bread would improve postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses. Fifteen healthy Chinese men consumed four bread-based meals containing different amounts of almond paste and inulin. Our results show that co-ingesting bread with 15 g of almond paste and 4 g of inulin significantly reduced the postprandial glucose and insulin levels. The corresponding GI value was 44 (low GI), which was lower than the GI value of white bread, which was 60 (medium GI). However, co-ingestion of almond paste with bread increased the postprandial triglyceride levels. Further studies will be required to demonstrate these effects on a long term basis. Clinical trial registration No: NCT05504044
Resummation of the Divergent Perturbation Series for a Hydrogen Atom in an Electric Field

We consider the resummation of the perturbation series describing the energy displacement of a hydrogenic bound state in an electric field (known as the Stark effect or the LoSurdo-Stark effect), which constitutes a divergent formal power series in the electric field strength. The perturbation series exhibits a rich singularity structure in the Borel plane. Resummation methods are presented which appear to lead to consistent results even in problematic cases where isolated singularities or branch cuts are present on the positive and negative real axis in the Borel plane. Two resummation prescriptions are compared: (i) a variant of the Borel-Pade resummation method, with an additional improvement due to utilization of the leading renormalon poles (for a comprehensive discussion of renormalons see [M. Beneke, Phys. Rep. vol. 317, p. 1 (1999)]), and (ii) a contour-improved combination of the Borel method with an analytic continuation by conformal mapping, and Pade approximations in the conformal variable. The singularity structure in the case of the LoSurdo-Stark effect in the complex Borel plane is shown to be similar to (divergent) perturbative expansions in quantum chromodynamics.
Bayesian emulator optimisation for cosmology: application to the Lyman-alpha forest

The Lyman-alpha forest provides strong constraints on both cosmological parameters and intergalactic medium astrophysics, which are forecast to improve further with the next generation of surveys including eBOSS and DESI. As is generic in cosmological inference, extracting this information requires a likelihood to be computed throughout a high-dimensional parameter space. Evaluating the likelihood requires a robust and accurate mapping between the parameters and observables, in this case the 1D flux power spectrum. Cosmological simulations enable such a mapping, but due to computational time constraints can only be evaluated at a handful of sample points; “emulators” are designed to interpolate between these. The problem then reduces to placing the sample points such that an accurate mapping is obtained while minimising the number of expensive simulations required. To address this, we introduce an emulation procedure that employs Bayesian optimisation of the training set for a Gaussian process interpolation scheme. Starting with a Latin hypercube sampling (other schemes with good space-filling properties can be used), we iteratively augment the training set with extra simulations at new parameter positions which balance the need to reduce interpolation error while focussing on regions of high likelihood. We show that smaller emulator error from the Bayesian optimisation propagates to smaller widths on the posterior distribution. Even with fewer simulations than a Latin hypercube, Bayesian optimisation shrinks the 95% credible volume by 90% and, e.g., the 1σ error on the amplitude of small-scale primordial fluctuations by 38%. This is the first demonstration of Bayesian optimisation applied to large-scale structure emulation, and we anticipate the technique will generalise to many other probes such as galaxy clustering, weak lensing and 21cm.
The policy environment of self-care: a case study of the Philippines

Abstract Self-care is the ability and empowerment of individuals to maintain health through informed health-care decisions, with or without the support of a health provider. High-income countries have made advances to their conceptualization, research and institutionalization of self-care, given its reported benefits to patients, the health system and economy. A similar undertaking in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with already fragile health systems is warranted as highlighted by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Our article therefore aimed to describe and analyse the policy environment of self-care using the Philippines as a case study, which may have relevance to other similar countries and settings that are transitioning towards Universal Health Care (UHC) to reform and strengthen their primary care systems. We conducted 13 key informant interviews and 2 focus group discussions among representatives from the government, the pharmaceutical retail/industry, community retail pharmacy, primary health physicians and health workers, an infirmary administrator and patients and/or patient advocates. We triangulated our qualitative data with findings from our policy review. We found a total of 13 relevant policies on self-care in the Philippines recently drafted and/or implemented from 2016 to 2021 that fall under the broad categories of unifying frameworks and road maps, capacity building and institutional streamlining, regulations and disease guidelines. Our case study highlights the role of the UHC Law as a driver for self-care and patient empowerment towards better health outcomes with its passage resulting in the promulgation of self-care-related policies. Our findings also suggest that changes in the local policy and built environment, and the formal educational and health systems, are needed to foster a culture of responsible self-care. There are notable exemplars in advancing self-care in the region, including Thailand, from which LMICs like the Philippines can draw lessons to make progress on institutionalizing self-care and, ultimately, realizing UHC and Health For All.
WFPC2 Observations of the Ursa Minor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy

We present our analysis of archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) observations in F555W (∼V) and F814W (∼I) of the central region of the Ursa Minor dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy. The V versus V-I color-magnitude diagram features a sparsely populated blue horizontal branch, a steep thin red giant branch, and a narrow subgiant branch. The main sequence reaches approximately 2 mag below the main-sequence turnoff (V ≈ 23.27 ± 0.11 mag) of the median stellar population. We compare the fiducial sequence of Ursa Minor with the fiducial sequence of the Galactic globular cluster M92 (NGC 6341). The excellent match between Ursa Minor and M92 confirms that the median stellar population of the UMi dSph galaxy is metal-poor ([Fe/H]UMi ≈ [Fe/H]M92 ≈ -2.2 dex) and ancient (ageUMi ≈ ageM92 ≈ 14 Gyr). The B-V reddening and the absorption in V are estimated to be E(B-V) = 0.03 ± 0.01 mag and A = 0.09 ± 0.03 mag. A new estimate of the distance modulus of Ursa Minor, (m - M) = 19.18 ± 0.12 mag, has been derived based on fiducial-sequence fitting with M92 [ΔVUMi-M92 = 4.60 ± 0.03 mag and Δ(V-I)UMi-M92 = 0.010 ± 0.005 mag] and the adoption of the apparent V distance modulus for M92 of (m - M) = 14.67 ± 0.08 mag. The Ursa Minor dSph galaxy is then at a distance of 69 ± 4 kpc from the Sun. These HST observations indicate that Ursa Minor has had a very simple star formation history, consisting mainly of a single major burst of star formation about 14 Gyr ago that lasted ≲2 Gyr. While we may have missed minor younger stellar populations because of the small field of view of the WFPC2 instrument, these observations clearly show that most of the stars in the central region of the Ursa Minor dSph galaxy are ancient. If the ancient Galactic globular clusters such as M92 formed concurrently with the early formation of the Milky Way galaxy itself, then the Ursa Minor dwarf spheroidal is probably as old as the Milky Way.
A Method of generating initial conditions for cosmological N body simulations

We investigate the possibility of generating initial conditions for cosmological N-body simulations by simulating a system whose correlations at thermal equilibrium approximate well those of cosmological density perturbations. The system is an appropriately modified version of the standard ``one component plasma'' (OCP). We show first how a well-known semi-analytic method can be used to determine the potential required to produce the desired correlations, and then verify our results for some cosmological type spectra with simulations of the full molecular dynamics. The advantage of the method, compared to the standard one, is that it gives by construction an accurate representation of both the real and reciprocal space correlation properties of the theoretical model. Furthermore the distributions are also statistically homogeneous and isotropic. We discuss briefly the modifications needed to implement the method to produce configurations appropriate for large N-body simulations in cosmology, and also the generation of initial velocities in this context.
two-dimensional ultrasound images Needle path planning and steering in a three-dimensional non-static environment using

Needle insertion is commonly performed in minimally invasive medical procedures such as biopsy and radiation cancer treatment. During such procedures, accurate needle tip placement is critical for correct diagnosis or successful treatment. Accurate placement of the needle tip inside tissue is challenging, especially when the target moves and anatomical obstacles must be avoided. We develop a needle steering system capable of autonomously and accurately guiding a steerable needle using two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound images. The needle is steered to a moving target while avoiding moving obstacles in a three-dimensional (3D) non-static environment. Using a 2D ultrasound imaging device, our system accurately tracks the needle tip motion in 3D space in order to estimate the tip pose. The needle tip pose is used by a rapidly exploring random tree-based motion planner to compute a feasible needle path to the target. The motion planner is sufficiently fast such that replanning can be performed repeatedly in a closed-loop manner. This enables the system to correct for perturbations in needle motion, and movement in obstacle and target locations. Our needle steering experiments in a soft-tissue phantom achieves maximum targeting errors of 0.86± 0.35 mm (without obstacles) and 2.16± 0.88 mm (with a moving obstacle).
Spectroscopy and Time Variability of Absorption Lines in the Direction of the Vela Supernova Remnant

We present high-resolution (R ≈ 75,000), high signal-to-noise (S/N ≈ 100) Ca II λ3933. 663 and Na I λλ5889. 951, 5895.924 spectra of 68 stars in the direction of the Vela supernova remnant. The spectra comprise the most complete high-resolution, high S/N optical survey of early-type stars in this region of the sky. A subset of the sight lines has been observed at multiple epochs, 1993/1994 and 1996. Of the 13 stars observed twice, seven have spectra revealing changes in the equivalent width and/or velocity structure of lines, most of which arise from remnant gas. Such time variability has been reported previously for the sight lines toward HD 72089 and HD 72997 by Danks & Sembach and for HD 72127 by Hobbs and coworkers. We have confirmed the ongoing time variability of these spectra and present new evidence of variability in the spectra of HD 73658, HD 74455, HD 75309, and HD 75821. We have tabulated Na I and Ca II absorption-line information for the sight lines in our sample to serve as a benchmark for further investigations of the dynamics and evolution of the Vela SNR.
A Survey for H2O Megamasers in Active Galactic Nuclei. II. A Comparison of Detected and Undetected Galaxies

A survey for H2O megamaser emission from 354 active galaxies has resulted in the detection of 10 new sources, making 16 known altogether. The galaxies surveyed include a distance-limited sample (covering Seyferts and LINERs with recession velocities less than 7000 km s-1) and a magnitude-limited sample (covering Seyferts and LINERs with mB ≤ 14.5). In order to determine whether the H2O-detected galaxies are “typical” active galactic nuclei (AGNs) or have special properties that facilitate the production of powerful masers, we have accumulated a database of physical, morphological, and spectroscopic properties of the observed galaxies. The most significant finding is that H2O megamasers are detected only in Seyfert 2 and LINER galaxies, not Seyfert 1's. This lack of detection in Seyfert 1's indicates either that they do not have molecular gas in their nuclei with physical conditions appropriate to produce 1.3 cm H2O masers or that the masers are beamed away from Earth, presumably in the plane of the putative molecular torus that hides the Seyfert 1 nucleus in Seyfert 2's. LINERs are detected at a similar rate to Seyfert 2's, which constitutes a strong argument that at least some nuclear LINERs are AGNs rather than starbursts, since starbursts have not been detected as H2O megamasers. We preferentially detect H2O emission from the nearer galaxies and from those that are apparently brighter at mid- and far-infrared and centimeter radio wavelengths. There is also a possible trend for the H2O-detected galaxies to be more intrinsically luminous in nuclear 6 cm radio emission than the undetected ones, though these data are incomplete. We find evidence that Seyfert 2's with very high (NH > 1024 cm-2) X-ray-absorbing columns of gas are more often detected as H2O maser emitters than Seyfert 2's with lower columns. It may be that the probability of detecting H2O maser emission in Seyfert galaxies increases with increasing column of cool gas to the nucleus, from Seyfert 1's through narrow-line X-ray galaxies to Seyfert 2's.
Detection of a Neptune-Mass Planet in the ρ1 Cancri System Using the Hobby-Eberly Telescope

We report the detection of the lowest mass extrasolar planet yet found around a Sun-like star—a planet with an M sin i of only 14.21 ± 2.91 M⊕ in an extremely short period orbit (P = 2.808 days) around ρ1 Cancri, a planetary system that already has three known planets. Velocities taken from late 2003-2004 at McDonald Observatory with the Hobby-Eberly Telescope revealed this inner planet at 0.04 AU. We estimate an inclination of the outer planet ρ1 Cancri d, based on Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor measurements that suggest an inner planet of only 17.7 ± 5.57 M⊕, if coplanarity is assumed for the system.
The Canada-UK Deep Submillimeter Survey. VII. Optical and Near-Infrared Identifications for the 14 Hour Field

We present the multiwavelength identifications for 23 sources in the Canada-UK Deep Submillimeter Survey (CUDSS) 14h field. The identifications have been selected on the basis of radio and near-infrared data, and we argue that, to our observational limits, both are effective at selecting the correct counterparts of the SCUBA sources. We discuss the properties of these identifications and find that they are very red in near-infrared color, with many classified as extremely red objects, and show disturbed morphologies. Using the entire CUDSS catalog of 50 sources, we use a combination of spectroscopic redshifts (four objects), 1.4 GHz : 850 μm flux ratio redshift estimates (10 objects), and redshift lower limits based on nondetections at 1.4 GHz (the rest of the sample) to estimate a lower limit on the median redshift of the population of zmed > 1.4. Working from simple models and using the properties of the secure identifications, we discuss general and tentative constraints on the redshift distribution and the expected colors and magnitudes of the entire population.
Pirh 2 RING-finger E 3 ubiquitin ligase : Its role in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy

0014-5793/$36.00 Published by Elsevier B.V. on beha http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.febslet. 2012.03. 052 ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail address: xbchen@ucdavis.edu (X. Chen). The ubiquitin-dependent proteasome system plays a critical role in many cellular processes and pathogenesis of various human diseases, including cancer. Although there are a large number of E3 ubiquitin ligases, the majority are RING-finger type E3s. Pirh2, a target of p53 transcription factor, contains a highly conserved C3H2C3 type RING domain. Importantly, Pirh2 was found to regulate a group of key factors dedicated to the DNA damage response, such as p53, p73, PolH, and c-Myc. Interestingly, Pirh2 was upregulated or downregulated in different types of cancers. These suggest that Pirh2 is implicated in either promoting or suppressing tumor progression in a tissue-dependent manner. This review will focus on the major findings in these studies and discuss the potential to explore Pirh2 as a cancer therapeutic target. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies.