Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Polyphenols and Zinc Co-Supplementation on the Development of Neoplasms in Rats with Breast Cancer

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of selected polyphenolic compounds: epicatechin, apigenin, and naringenin, administered separately or in combination with zinc (Zn), on the growth and development of the neoplastic process induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in rats. The impact of supplementation with the above-mentioned compounds on the content of modified derivatives: 1-methyladenosine, N6-methyl-2’-deoxyadenosine, O-methylguanosine, 7-methylguanine, 3-methyladenine, 1-methylguanine, 2-amino-6,8-dihydroxypurine, and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine in the urine of rats with mammary cancer was also assessed. Female Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 7 groups were used in the study: animals without supplementation and animals supplemented with apigenin, epicatechin, and naringenin separately or in combination with zinc. To induce mammary cancer, rats were treated with DMBA. Modified derivatives were determined by a validated high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry method. Based on the obtained results, it can be said that supplementation of the animals with naringenin inhibits the development and progression of the neoplastic process in rats treated with 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene. Neoplastic tumors were found in only 2 of 8 rats (incidence: 25%) and were considered to be at most grade 1 malignancy. The first palpable tumors in the group of animals receiving naringenin appeared two–three weeks later when compared to other groups. The combination of zinc with flavonoids (apigenin, epicatechin, and naringenin) seems to stimulate the process of carcinogenesis. The level of N6-methyl-2’-deoxyadenosine and 3-methyladenine in the urine of rats was statistically significantly higher in the groups supplemented with apigenin, epicatechin, and naringenin administered in combination with Zn than in the groups receiving only polyphenolic compounds. In conclusion, supplementation of rats with selected flavonoids administered separately or in combination with Zn has an impact on the development of neoplasms and the level of modified nucleosides in the urine of rats with breast cancer. Our results raise the question of whether simultaneous diet supplementation with more than one anti-cancer agent may reduce/stimulate the risk of carcinogenesis.
Nanosecond‐scale time‐resolved electron imaging during laser crystallization of GeTe

Laser crystallization of amorphous phase change materials (PCMs) occurs on the nanosecond scale, during which it is challenging to probe the details of microstructural development experimentally. In this study, in situ laser‐induced crystallization of amorphous GeTe thin films was imaged with transmission electron microscopy with 15‐ns time resolution. These data provide insight into the crystallization process of PCMs during laser crystallization. The initial results allow us to begin to develop a detailed picture of the crystallization process when high spatial and temporal temperature gradients exist. Differences in the nucleation rate may be distinguished within the laser‐affected area and changes in the microstructure before crystallization suggest the occurrence of melting of the amorphous phase at the laser energy used. The amorphous melting temperature is estimated based on the thermodynamic data available.
On the Theory of Long Waves and Bores

In the theory of long waves in two dimensions, which w'e may suppose to be reduced to a “ steady ” motion, it is assumed that the length is so great in proportion to the depth of the water that the velocity in a vertical direction can he neglected, and that the horizontal velocity is uniform across each section of the canal. This, it should be observed, is perfectly distinct from any supposition as to the height of the wave. If l be the undisturbed depth, and h the elevation of the water at any point of the wave, uq, u the velocities corresponding to l, l + h respectively, we have, as the equation of continuity, u lup l-\-h (1)
An X-ray study of M51 (NGC 5194) and its compagnion (NGC 5195).

The galaxy M51 and its companion NGC 5195 were observed with the Einstein High-Resolution Imager. The X-ray observations led to the detection of both galaxies with (0.2-4.0 keV) X-ray luminosities of 3.0 x 10 to the 40th ergs/s and 2.1 x 10 to the 39th ergs/s respectively. M51 and its companion are compared to other spiral and irregular galaxies observed in X-rays, and the various components of the X-ray emission of M51 (i.e., nucleus, point sources, and unresolved extended emission) are discussed. 69 references.
Prediction of Reservoir Variables Based on Seismic Data and Well Observations

Offshore petroleum reservoirs are usually explored by acquisition of vast amounts of seismic reflection data and observations along a small number of wells drilled through the reservoirs. The seismic data are indirect measurements of reservoir characteristics and have good spatial coverage but low precision. The well observations are sparse but precise. Information from these sources of data are integrated to characterize the reservoir variables of interest—reservoir porosity in the current study. Critical parameters in the acquisition procedure are unknown and are simultaneously estimated. This process, termed seismic inversion, constitutes a spatial, multivariate, ill-posed inverse problem. The problem is cast in a Bayesian framework with a focus on sampling from the posterior model. High dimensionality, nonlinear components, and unknown parameters in the likelihood model, along with a complex design of the conditioning data, complicate the problem. A fast sequential sampling algorithm containing several parts subject to analytical evaluation is developed under relatively weak, realistic assumptions. Samples of spatial reservoir porosity characteristics can be used to predict and assess uncertainty in the petroleum volume contained in the reservoir. Moreover, porosity is highly correlated with permeability, which represents the fluid flow characteristics. Porosity and permeability are the critical factors in determining and optimizing the future production from petroleum reservoirs. The study is based on data from the Troll field in the North Sea.
The Sequence of Steps: A Key Concept Missing in Surgical Training—A Systematic Review and Recommendations to Include It

Background: Surgical procedures have an inherent feature, which is the sequence of steps. Moreover, studies have shown variability in surgeons’ performances, which is valuable to expose residents to different ways to perform a procedure. However, it is unclear how to include the sequence of steps in training programs. Methods: We conducted a systematic review, including studies reporting explicit teaching of a standard sequence of steps, where assessment considered adherence to a standard sequence, and where faculty or students at any level participated. We searched for articles on PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Results: We selected nine articles that met the inclusion criteria. The main strategy to teach the sequence was to use videos to demonstrate the procedure. The simulation was the main strategy to assess the learning of the sequence of steps. Non-standardized scoring protocols and written tests with variable validity evidence were the instruments used to assess the learning, and were focused on adherence to a standard sequence and the omission of steps. Conclusions: Teaching and learning assessment of a standard sequence of steps is scarcely reported in procedural skills training literature. More research is needed to evaluate whether the new strategies to teach and assess the order of steps work. We recommend the use of Surgical Process Models and Surgical Data Science to incorporate the sequence of steps when teaching and assessing procedural skills.
On preferences of general two-sided tests with applications to Kolmogorov–Smirnov-type tests

Power functions of tests for Gaussian shift experiments on infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces usually can not be calculated explicitly. Therefore one analyzes the behavior of such tests in the neighborhood of the null hypothesis. Useful measures to compare the quality of different testing procedures are the gradient of a one-sided and the curvature of a two-sided test in the null hypothesis. Janssen (1995) showed that a principal component decomposition of the curvature exists based on a Hilbert–Schmidt operator. It follows that these tests have only acceptable power for a finite number of directions. In this paper we prove an even stronger general result for Gauss shifts under just mild additional assumptions. A certain optimality property of a one-sided test implicates that for a small level α the corresponding two-sided test acts only in a single direction. The results are applied to Kolmogorov–Smirnov type tests and the signal detection problem.
The Abundance Distribution and Luminosity Function of Globular Clusters in NGC 1399

Integrated Washington photometry has been obtained for the globular cluster system of NGC 1399, the central elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. A new integrated metallicity index is defined which is about three times more sensitive to metal abundance than the previous such Washington index. Abundances accurate to 0.3 dex are derived for about 150 of the brightest globular clusters. The clusters have a broad, flattened abundance distribution with a mean metallicity of (Fe/H) = - 0.85 + or - 0.1, 0.75 dex more metal-poor than the halo. A significant fraction of the clusters have an approximately solar abundance, while virtually no clusters exist with (Fe/H) less than - 2. The luminosity function as determined for about 600 clusters clearly shows a turnover at T(1) = 23.0 + or - 0.15 or V = 23.45 + or - 0.16. A distance modulus of 31.0 + or - 0.25 is determined for Fornax, 0.5 + or - 0.2 mag closer than Virgo. 31 refs.
A universal Hamilton-Jacobi equation for second-order ODEs

A universal version of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation on R TMarises from the Liouville-Arnol'd theorem for a completely integrable system on a finite-dimensional manifold M. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for such complete integrability to imply a canonical separability of both this universal Hamilton-Jacobi equation and its traditional counterpart. The geodesic case is particularly interesting. We show that these conditions also apply for systems of second-order ordinary differential equations (contact flows) which are not Euler- Lagrange. The Kerr metric, the Toda lattice and a completely integrable contact flow are given as examples.
A non-uniformly moving line force in an anisotropic elastic solid

The transient motion due to a line load moving through an unbounded anisotropic elastic body is considered. The force is applied suddenly in the body, and then moves off with non-uniform speed. Explicit expressions for the displacements are derived using the reciprocal theorem. A parametric form of the Mach wavefronts is presented when the force moves in a fixed direction, and first-motion responses are obtained for different wave arrivals by asymptotic methods.
Improved Camera Calibration Method Based on Vanishing Points

To improve the accuracy and efficiency of field camera calibration, an improved fast camera calibration method is proposed. Nonlinear translation algorithm based on calibration field is adopted to solve intrinsic parameter while an improved vanishing points method is introduced to get extrinsic parameters. Surveillance camera is used to validate the proposed approach. Experiment results show that the algorithm is convenient and feasible.
Quantum memories for fundamental science in space

Investigating and verifying the connections between the foundations of quantum mechanics and general relativity will require extremely sensitive quantum experiments. To provide ultimate insight into this fascinating area of physics, the realization of dedicated experiments in space will sooner or later become a necessity. Quantum technologies, and among them quantum memories in particular, are providing novel approaches to reach conclusive experimental results due to their advanced state of development backed by decades of progress. Storing quantum states for prolonged time will make it possible to study Bell tests on astronomical baselines, to increase measurement precision for investigations of gravitational effects on quantum systems, or enable distributed networks of quantum sensors and clocks. We here promote the case of exploiting quantum memories for fundamental physics in space, and discuss both distinct experiments as well as potential quantum memory platforms and their performance.
The Overlooked Microbiome—Considering Archaea and Eukaryotes Using Multiplex Nanopore-16S-/18S-rDNA-Sequencing: A Technical Report Focusing on Nasopharyngeal Microbiomes

In contrast to bacteria, microbiome analyses often neglect archaea, but also eukaryotes. This is partly because they are difficult to culture due to their demanding growth requirements, or some even have to be classified as uncultured microorganisms. Consequently, little is known about the relevance of archaea in human health and diseases. Contemporary broad availability and spread of next generation sequencing techniques now enable a stronger focus on such microorganisms, whose cultivation is difficult. However, due to the enormous evolutionary distances between bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes, the implementation of sequencing strategies for smaller laboratory scales needs to be refined to achieve as a holistic view on the microbiome as possible. Here, we present a technical approach that enables simultaneous analyses of archaeal, bacterial and eukaryotic microbial communities to study their roles in development and courses of respiratory disorders. We thus applied combinatorial 16S-/18S-rDNA sequencing strategies for sequencing-library preparation. Considering the lower total microbiota density of airway surfaces, when compared with gut microbiota, we optimized the DNA purification workflow from nasopharyngeal swab specimens. As a result, we provide a protocol that allows the efficient combination of bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic libraries for nanopore-sequencing using Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION devices and subsequent phylogenetic analyses. In a pilot study, this workflow allowed the identification of some environmental archaea, which were not correlated with airway microbial communities before. Moreover, we assessed the protocol’s broader applicability using a set of human stool samples. We conclude that the proposed protocol provides a versatile and adaptable tool for combinatorial studies on bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic microbiomes on a small laboratory scale.
Analytical Investigation of Diffraction in Fresnel Lens Concentrators

When simulating the optical behavior of primary optics for concentrator photovoltaic systems, one usually utilizes ray tracing techniques. This approach considers geometrical optics only, whereas diffraction effects are generally assumed to be small enough to be neglected. When comparing our high precision optical measurements to computer simulation results the match between measurement and simulation data can be improved when diffraction is included. An analytical treatment of this problem is possible using the universal geometrical theory of diffraction. These formulas are evaluated for a miniature Fresnel lens concentrator. The influences of Fresnel prism size and of the divergence of the incident light are analyzed. Finally, the results are compared to ray tracing calculations that have been enhanced by an approximate treatment of diffraction.
Activity Restriction and Hospitalization in Pregnancy: Can Bed-Rest Exercise Prevent Deconditioning? A Narrative Review

Evidence suggests that exercise during pregnancy is beneficial to both parent and fetus. However, there are high-risk pregnancy conditions that may warrant hospitalization. In our narrative review, we first describe the clinical implications for activity restriction in pregnancy, the effects of hospitalization, and the impact of bed rest on non-pregnant individuals. We provide examples of a 30 min bed-rest exercise program for hospitalized pregnant patients using the principal of suggested frequency, intensity, time (duration) of activity, and type of activity (FITT) using a resistance tool while in bed. If the individual is able to ambulate, we recommend short walks around the ward. Every minute counts and activity should be incorporated into a program at least 3 times per week, or every day if possible. As in all exercise programs, motivation and accountability are essential. Flexibility in timing of the exercise intervention is important due to the scheduling of medical assessments that may occur throughout the day for these hospitalized patients. Evidence suggests that by improving physical and emotional health through a bed-rest exercise program during a hospitalized pregnancy may help the individual resume demanding daily activity in the postpartum period and improve quality of life once birth has occurred. More research is necessary to improve the health of those individuals who are hospitalized during pregnancy, with follow up and support into the postpartum period.
A residual-based compact scheme for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations

Abstract A simple and efficient time-dependent method is presented for solving the steady compressible Euler and Navier–Stokes equations with third-order accuracy. Owing to its residual-based structure, the numerical scheme is compact without requiring any linear algebra, and it uses a simple numerical dissipation built on the residual. The method contains no tuning parameter. Accuracy and efficiency are demonstrated for 2-D inviscid and viscous model problems. Navier–Stokes calculations are presented for a shock/boundary layer interaction, a separated laminar flow, and a transonic turbulent flow over an airfoil.
Dielectric-Properties of Lanthanum Gallate (Lagao3) Crystal

Dielectric properties of single crystals of LaGaO3 have been measured at low frequencies as well as in the microwave region over a wide temperature range. Measurements performed on two crystal orientations, viz. (001) and (110), show dielectric anomalies at a transition near 145 °C. Dielectric anisotropy below, but not above, 145 °C confirm the previously reported orthorhombic symmetry at room temperature and rhombohedral symmetry above 145 °C. Domain wall motion which arises as a result of a phase transition has been observed around 145 °C.
Space charge coupled interfacial waves

The propagation and instability characteristics of small signal interfacial waves are examined for charged fluids in planar, cylindrical, and spherical equilibrium. The configurations discussed are electrohydrodynamic versions of the classic fluid mechanical problems of the Rayleigh‐Taylor instability with superposed charged layers, of interfacial capillary oscillations of charged liquid cylinders, and extensions of Rayleigh's and Bohr's analysis of charged spherical drops under surface tension. In these geometries, a liquid which is either electrically perfectly conducting with surface charge or perfectly insulating and polarizable with volume charge is immersed within a uniformly charged perfectly insulating region. Using a general set of relations for perturbation field and flow variables defined for a “prototype” layer, the dispersion characteristics for these two limits are easily derived using interfacial boundary conditions and are compared in each of the geometries. For all cases, the system tends.
Resilient structured periodic H2 synthesis for a spacecraft in elliptical orbits

Abstract Station-keeping of a small spacecraft is studied and a solution based on resilient periodic state-feedback control laws is proposed. Linearized equations of the relative motion of the satellite near an eccentric reference orbit are derived in the presence of the second zonal gravitational harmonic J 2 and atmospheric drag perturbations. After a discretization of the model, a resilient H 2 state-feedback control law is computed by a linear matrix inequality-based algorithm. Illustrative nonlinear simulations show the efficiency of the approach.
Bright single-photon sources based on self-aligned quantum dots in tapered nanowire waveguides

Single quantum dots embedded in tapered nanowire waveguides have emerged as leading candidates for designing high efficiency single-photon and entangled photon sources, with efficiencies exceeding 90%. Here we have developed a bottom-up growth approach that allows for independent control of boththe quantum dot size, and position, as well as the nanowire shape. Importantly, by design, the single quantum dot is always found perfectly on the nanowire axis. By integrating a gold mirror at the base of a tapered nanowire waveguide we obtain a 20-fold enhancement in the single-photon flux in comparison to no waveguide. The 20-fold enhancement is accompanied by a shortening of the exciton lifetime as the quantum emitter couples to the fundamental waveguide mode with an increased rate. Finally, the optical quality of the emitter is drastically improved by removing the nanowire stacking faults in the vicinity of the quantum dot. As a result, we demonstrate very pure single-photon emission with a probability of multi-photon emission below 1%, and an emission line width that is reduced by at least an order of magnitude (<30 μeV) as compared to when stacking faults were present in the nanowire (as high as 10-100 per micron). The demonstrated brightness of our single-photon source (42 % efficiency), combined with the very pure single photon emission and high spectral purity is encouraging in development of future quantum technologies based on nanowires, such as interfacing remote quantum bits or constructing a secure quantum network.
Temporal variability of the wind-driven quasi-geostrophic double gyre ocean circulation: Basic bifurcation diagrams

Abstract In this paper we explore how temporal variability arises through successive bifurcations of the symmetric wind-driven double gyre circulation as lateral friction is decreased in 1.5-layer and 2-layer quasi geostrophic models. In the 1.5-layer model, the symmetric double gyre flow becomes unstable to symmetry breaking stationary instabilities, leading to asymmetric flows. These asymmetric solutions subsequently destabilize to two sets of barotropic oscillatory modes, introducing an intermonthly and interannual time scale, respectively. In the 2-layer model, the symmetric double gyre solution becomes unstable to baroclinic oscillatory instabilities, giving rise to near annual temporal variability. The asymmetric solutions which appear through symmetry breaking at smaller lateral friction, are in this case all unstable.
Observations of Ni II absorption at z = 2. 811 toward the QSO PKS 0528-250

Observations of strong Ni II absorption corresponding to the damped Ly-alpha absorption-line system at z = 2.811 toward the QSO PKS 0528-250 are presented. Cr II absorption corresponding to the damped Ly-alpha system at z = 2.142 has also been detected toward this QSO. These observations constitute the first confident identifications of Ni and Cr in a QSO absorption-line system. The abundances of Ni II and Cr II relative to H I indicate that much less Ni and Cr is depleted from the gas phase in these systems than in Galactic interstellar clouds. The 2sigma upper limit of 3.0 x 10 to the 13th/sq cm on the column density of C I in the z = 2.811 system is consistent with this implied lack of dust in that C I is much more likely to be photoionized when there are few dust grains to shield it from the surrounding radiation field. The implications of these observations with regard to the interpretation of damped Ly-alpha systems as galactic disks and the possibility of using them as probes of galactic evolution at early epochs is discussed. 24 references.