Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetism on ice: classical and quantum theories of proton disorder in hexagonal water ice

It has been known since the pioneering work of Bernal, Fowler, and Pauling that common, hexagonal (Ih) water ice is the archetype of a frustrated material: a proton-bonded network in which protons satisfy strong local constraints (the ``ice rules'') but do not order. While this proton disorder is well established, there is now a growing body of evidence that quantum effects may also have a role to play in the physics of ice at low temperatures. In this paper, we use a combination of numerical and analytic techniques to explore the nature of proton correlations in both classical and quantum models of ice Ih. In the case of classical ice Ih, we find that the ice rules have two, distinct, consequences for scattering experiments: singular ``pinch points,'' reflecting a zero-divergence condition on the uniform polarization of the crystal, and broad, asymmetric features, coming from its staggered polarization. In the case of the quantum model, we find that the collective quantum tunneling of groups of protons can convert states obeying the ice rules into a quantum liquid, whose excitations are birefringent, emergent photons. We make explicit predictions for scattering experiments on both classical and quantum ice Ih, and show how the quantum theory can explain the ``wings'' of incoherent inelastic scattering observed in recent neutron scattering experiments [Bove et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 165901 (2009)]. These results raise the intriguing possibility that the protons in ice Ih could form a quantum liquid at low temperatures, in which protons are not merely disordered, but continually fluctuate between different configurations obeying the ice rules.
Pedagogical Implications of Gha͂tu Folk Dance in EFL Classes

This paper proposes teaching Gha͂tu folk dance as a performing art in EFL classes for effective teaching and learning activities. Like dance performance, language skills are also performing arts. The study examines the English language proficiency of intermediate students in general. Their performance is not as satisfactory as expected. One major finding of the study is that the relationship between teachers and students and students to students is not harmonious. Gha͂tu can play a catalytic role in maintaining the relations between teachers and learners. This cultural activity is the source of good human relations, good coordination, patience, group work, devotion, submissiveness and many more. This article explores how this cultural activity enhances the teaching-learning activities in EFL classes, what factors are affecting students’ performance, and how Gha͂tu inspires teaching-learning pedagogies. But it has not been studied from this perspective yet. So, Gha͂tu is to be introduced in the syllabus. The study employs the human relations theory to interpret and analyze this Gha͂tu cite and relate it to this research. Teaching Gha͂tu folk dance in EFL classes can create an exciting environment as it is a new teaching pedagogy. This makes all the students actively participate in teaching-learning activities. Gha͂tu can make classroom activities effective, active, and interactive if it is introduced in the syllabus. The active participation of both language and literature students enhances the English language proficiency in EFL classes.
Broadband frequency reconfigurable printed transceivers for microwave imaging systems

Abstract In this paper, we propose a novel method for obtaining wideband spectral information of the target in microwave imaging systems by using broadband frequency reconfigurable printed transceivers. The proposed transceiver is composed of two embedded stacked microstrip antenna configurations operating in C-band (5.5–8.5 GHz) and X-band (8.5–11.5 GHz) with each having 3 GHz bandwidth. The transceiver switches between the two configurations (and thus frequency bands) using PIN diodes and collects response of the antenna in the presence of the target, in both the operating bands. This information is then combined to obtain wideband spectral information of the target from 5.5 to 11.5 GHz to achieve improved image reconstruction. The proposed reconfigurable transceiver has advantage over traditional broadband transceivers (those have slots/meandering at ground plane to achieve wideband response) that it has unidirectional radiation patterns throughout its band of operation. Hence the imaging system is implemented without the absorbers. This keeps the system compact and inconspicuous when installed for security applications. Here, a bistatic system is employed with two-dimensional target scanning performed in a real outdoor environment.
Hierarchical Synthesis of MnO2/NiCo2S4 on the Graphenized Pencil Lead and Application as Solid Phase Microextraction Fiber for Mensuration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Water Samples

Abstract The main goal of this study is the hierarchical synthesis nano structure MnO2/NiCo2S4 on the graphenized pencil lead and application as solid phase microextraction fiber for mensuration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface water samples. In this study, MnO2/NiCo2S4/GPL fiber was synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by EDX, SEM and FT-IR. Then its extraction efficiency for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface water samples via the HS-SPME method was evaluated. The results revealed that prepared fiber is appropriate for quantitative determination. Identification of desorbed analytes from the surface of fiber was performed in combination GC-FID. Under the optimized conditions, the linear response for the analytes was observed in the range from 0.0001 to 100 µgL−1 with the correlation coefficients (R 2) ranged from 0.994 to 0.998 and the limits of detection (LOD) between 0.3 and 0.05 ngL−1. The proposed fiber was successfully used for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons spiked in surface water samples and RSD% values were obtaine in the range of 8.4 − 9.8%.
Bayesian approach to gravitational lens model selection: constraining H0 with a selected sample of strong lenses

Bayesian model selection methods provide a self-consistent probabilistic framework to test the validity of competing scenarios given a set of data. We present a case study application to strong gravitational lens parametric models. Our goal is to select a homogeneous lens subsample suitable for cosmological parameter inference. To this end we apply a Bayes factor analysis to a synthetic catalog of 500 lenses with power-law potential and external shear. For simplicity we focus on double-image lenses (the largest fraction of lens in the simulated sample) and select a subsample for which astrometry and time-delays provide strong evidence for a simple power-law model description. Through a likelihood analysis we recover the input value of the Hubble constant to within 3\sigma statistical uncertainty. We apply this methodology to a sample of double image lensed quasars. In the case of B1600+434, SBS 1520+530 and SDSS J1650+4251 the Bayes' factor analysis favors a simple power-law model description with high statistical significance. Assuming a flat \LambdaCDM cosmology, the combined likelihood data analysis of such systems gives the Hubble constant H_0=76+15-5 km/s/Mpc having marginalized over the lens model parameters, the cosmic matter density and consistently propagated the observational errors on the angular position of the images. The next generation of cosmic structure surveys will provide larger lens datasets and the method described here can be particularly useful to select homogeneous lens subsamples adapted to perform unbiased cosmological parameter inference
Regularization of the spectral singularity inPT-symmetric systems by all-order nonlinearities: Nonreciprocity and optical isolation

Spectral singularities are ubiquitous with PT-symmetry leading to infinite transmission and reflection coefficients. Such infinities imply the divergence of the fields in the medium thereby breaking the very assumption of the linearity of the medium used to obtain such singularities. We identify saturable nonlinearity retaining contributions from all orders of the field to limit the infinite growth and regularize the spectral singularity. We present explicit numerical results to demonstrate regularization. The all order nonlinear PT-symmetric device is shown to exhibit very effective isolation or optical diode action, since transmission through such a system is nonreciprocal. In contrast, a linear system or a system with Kerr nonlinearity is known to have only reciprocal transmission. Further we demonstrate optical bistability for such a system with high contrast.
Postbiotics and Their Health Modulatory Biomolecules

Postbiotics are a new category of biotics that have the potential to confer health benefits but, unlike probiotics, do not require living cells to induce health effects and thus are not subject to the food safety requirements that apply to live microorganisms. Postbiotics are defined as a “preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host”. Postbiotic components include short-chain fatty acids, exopolysaccharides, vitamins, teichoic acids, bacteriocins, enzymes and peptides in a non-purified inactivated cell preparation. While research into postbiotics is in its infancy, there is increasing evidence that postbiotics have the potential to modulate human health. Specifically, a number of postbiotics have been shown to improve gut health by strengthening the gut barrier, reducing inflammation and promoting antimicrobial activity against gut pathogens. Additionally, research is being conducted into the potential application of postbiotics to other areas of the body, including the skin, vagina and oral cavity. The purpose of this review is to set out the current research on postbiotics, demonstrate how postbiotics are currently used in commercial products and identify a number of knowledge gaps where further research is needed to identify the potential for future applications of postbiotics.
Noise tailoring for scalable quantum computation via randomized compiling

Quantum computers are poised to radically outperform their classical counterparts by manipulating coherent quantum systems. A realistic quantum computer will experience errors due to the environment and imperfect control. When these errors are even partially coherent, they present a major obstacle to performing robust computations. Here, we propose a method for introducing independent random single-qubit gates into the logical circuit in such a way that the effective logical circuit remains unchanged. We prove that this randomization tailors the noise into stochastic Pauli errors, which can dramatically reduce error rates while introducing little or no experimental overhead. Moreover, we prove that our technique is robust to the inevitable variation in errors over the randomizing gates and numerically illustrate the dramatic reductions in worst-case error that are achievable. Given such tailored noise, gates with significantly lower fidelity---comparable to fidelities realized in current experiments---are sufficient to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computation. Furthermore, the worst-case error rate of the tailored noise can be directly and efficiently measured through randomized benchmarking protocols, enabling a rigorous certification of the performance of a quantum computer.
Computing with spins and magnets

The possible use of spin and magnets in place of charge and capacitors, respectively, to store and process information is well known. Magnetic tunnel junctions are being widely investigated and developed for magnetic random access memories. These are two terminal devices that change their resistance based on switchable magnetization of magnetic materials. They utilize the interaction between electron spin and magnets to read information from the magnets and write onto them. Such advances in memory devices could also translate into a new class of logic devices that offer the advantage of nonvolatile and reconfigurable information processing over transistors. Logic devices having a transistor-like gain and directionality could be used to build integrated circuits without the need for transistor-based amplifiers and clocks at every stage. We review device characteristics and basic logic gates that compute with spins and magnets from the mesoscopic to the atomic scale, as well as materials, integration, and fabrication challenges and methods.
A fiber-integrated nanobeam single photon source emitting at telecom wavelengths

Fiber-coupled single photon sources are essential components of photonics-based quantum information processors. Most fiber-coupled single photon sources require careful alignment between fibers and quantum emitters. In this work, we present an alignment-free fiber-integrated single photon source based on an InAs/InP quantum dot emitting at telecom wavelengths. We designed a nanobeam containing the quantum dots attached to a fiber taper. The adiabatic tapered coupler of the nanobeam enables efficient light coupling to the fiber taper. Using a tungsten probe in a focused ion beam system, we transferred the nanobeam to the fiber taper. The observed fiber-coupled single photon emission occurs with a brightness of 1.5% and purity of 86%. This device provides a building block for fiber-optic quantum circuits that have various applications, such as quantum communication and distributed quantum computing.
A GENERALIZED MODEL OF NONLINEAR DIFFUSIVE SHOCK ACCELERATION COUPLED TO AN EVOLVING SUPERNOVA REMNANT

To better model the efficient production of cosmic rays (CRs) in supernova remnants (SNRs) with the associated coupling between CR production and SNR dynamics, we have generalized an existing cr-hydro-NEI code to include the following processes: (1) an explicit calculation of the upstream precursor structure including the position-dependent flow speed, density, temperature, and magnetic field strength; (2) a momentum- and space-dependent CR diffusion coefficient; (3) an explicit calculation of magnetic field amplification; (4) calculation of the maximum CR momentum using the amplified magnetic field; (5) a finite Alfvén speed for the particle scattering centers; and (6) the ability to accelerate a superthermal seed population of CRs, as well as the ambient thermal plasma. While a great deal of work has been done modeling SNRs, most work has concentrated on either the continuum emission from relativistic electrons or ions or the thermal emission from the shock heated plasma. Our generalized code combines these elements and describes the interplay between CR production and SNR evolution, including the nonlinear coupling of efficient diffusive shock acceleration, based mainly on the work of P. Blasi and coworkers, and a non-equilibrium ionization (NEI) calculation of thermal X-ray line emission. We believe that our generalized model will provide a consistent modeling platform for SNRs, including those interacting with molecular clouds, and improve the interpretation of current and future observations, including the high-quality spectra expected from Astro-H. SNR RX J1713.7−3946 is modeled as an example.
FAINT CO LINE WINGS IN FOUR STAR-FORMING (ULTRA)LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES

We report the results of a search for large velocity width, low-intensity line wings—a commonly used signature of molecular outflows—in four low redshift (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies that appear to be dominated by star formation. The targets were drawn from a sample of fourteen targets presented in Chung et al., who showed the stacked CO spectrum of the sample to exhibit 1000 km s−1-wide line wings. We obtained sensitive, wide bandwidth imaging of our targets using the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer. We detect each target at very high significance but do not find the claimed line wings in these four targets. Instead, we constrain the flux in the line wings to be only a few percent. Casting our results as mass outflow rates following Cicone et al. we show them to be consistent with a picture in which very high mass loading factors preferentially occur in systems with high active galactic nucleus contributions to their bolometric luminosity. We identify one of our targets, IRAS 05083 (VII Zw 31), as a candidate molecular outflow.
Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of the traditional use of Turmeric powder as Antihypertensive in Elderly

Background: The Curcuma genus has a long history of medicinal applications. Curcuma longa L. (Turmeric) is the most popular cultivated plant. Curcumin, a polyphenolic yellow substance, is the major constituent of tumeric . Many studies have been done on curcumin and this substance has a variety of effects Carried out on animals. Curcumin reduced hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance. The current study aimed to measuring this effect on humans. Objective: To assess the effects and safety of taking turmeric powder as antihypertensive agent in elderly. Design: Prospective, observational study. All subjects were selected from Beni Suef University Hospital. The current study includes hypertensive patients with age above 50 years old classified into 2 groups. Group I: Normal control group consists of healthy volunteers. Group II: Hypertensive group includes hypertensive patients. Each group includes 20 subjects (n=20) divided into ( male and female) subjects. In the current study, each group was taken a specific dose of turmeric powder for 8 weeks treatment. Results: The present study revealed that a significant reduction in readings of systolic and diastolic blood pressure had happened for patients who took turmeric powder for two months. As well as a reduction in serum lipid profile including TG, cholesterol, HDL and LDL significantly over a p value of 0.05 or less (p ≤ 0.05) when compared to healthy group. Conclusion : Our data support previous research, suggesting that turmeric powder intake engenders hypotensive and lipid-lowering effects. powder, hypertensive patients, lipid profile, phenolic
Search for Extended Sources in the Galactic Plane Using Six Years of Fermi-Large Area Telescope Pass 8 Data above 10 GeV

The spatial extension of a γ-ray source is an essential ingredient to determine its spectral properties, as well as its potential multiwavelength counterpart. The capability to spatially resolve γ-ray sources is greatly improved by the newly delivered Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) Pass 8 event-level analysis, which provides a greater acceptance and an improved point-spread function, two crucial factors for the detection of extended sources. Here, we present a complete search for extended sources located within 7° from the Galactic plane, using 6 yr of Fermi-LAT data above 10 GeV. We find 46 extended sources and provide their morphological and spectral characteristics. This constitutes the first catalog of hard Fermi-LAT extended sources, named the Fermi Galactic Extended Source Catalog, which allows a thorough study of the properties of the Galactic plane in the sub-TeV domain.
The ESO UVES advanced data products quasar sample – VI. Sub-damped Lyman α metallicity measurements and the circumgalactic medium

The circumgalactic medium (CGM) can be probed through the analysis of absorbing systems in the line of sight to bright background quasars. We present measurements of the metallicity of a new sample of 15 sub-damped Lyman alpha absorbers (sub-DLAs, defined as absorbers with 19.0 \textless logN(HI) \textless 20.3) with redshift 0.584 \textless= z(abs) \textless= 3.104 from the ESO Ultra-Violet Echelle Spectrograph (UVES) Advanced Data Products Quasar Sample (EUADP). We combine these results with other measurements from the literature to produce a compilation of metallicity measurements for 92 sub-DLAs as well as a sample of 362 DLAs. We apply a multi-element analysis to quantify the amount of dust in these two classes of systems. We find that either the element depletion patterns in these systems differ from the Galactic depletion patterns or they have a different nucleosynthetic history than our own Galaxy. We propose a new method to derive the velocity width of absorption profiles, using the modelled Voigt profile features. The correlation between the velocity width Delta V-90 of the absorption profile and themetallicity is found to be tighter for DLAs than for sub-DLAs. We report hints of a bimodal distribution in the [Fe/H] metallicity of low redshift (z \textless 1.25) sub-DLAs, which is unseen at higher redshifts. This feature can be interpreted as a signature from the metal-poor, accreting gas and the metal-rich, outflowing gas, both being traced by sub-DLAs at low redshifts.
Initial Results from the ALFABURST Survey

Abstract Here, we present initial results from the ALFABURST radio transient survey, which is currently running in a commensal mode with the ALFA receiver at the Arecibo telescope. We observed for a total of 1400 hours and have detected single pulses from known pulsars but did not detect any FRBs. The non-detection of FRBs is consistent with the current FRB sky rates.
Magnetic Braking of Sun-like and Low-mass Stars: Dependence on Coronal Temperature

Sun-like and low-mass stars possess high-temperature coronae and lose mass in the form of stellar winds, which are driven by thermal pressure and complex magnetohydrodynamic processes. These magnetized outflows probably do not significantly affect the star’s structural evolution on the main sequence, but they brake the stellar rotation by removing angular momentum, a mechanism known as magnetic braking. Previous studies have shown how the braking torque depends on the magnetic field strength and geometry, stellar mass and radius, mass-loss rate, and rotation rate of the star, assuming a fixed coronal temperature. For this study, we explore how different coronal temperatures can influence the stellar torque. We employ 2.5D, axisymmetric, magnetohydrodynamic simulations, computed with the PLUTO code, to obtain steady-state wind solutions from rotating stars with dipolar magnetic fields. Our parameter study includes 30 simulations with different coronal temperatures and surface magnetic field strengths. We consider a Parker-like (i.e., thermal-pressure-driven) wind, and therefore coronal temperature is the key parameter determining the velocity and acceleration profile of the flow. Since the mass-loss rates for these types of stars are not well-constrained, we determine how the torque scales for a vast range of stellar mass-loss rates. Hotter winds lead to faster acceleration, and we show that (for a given magnetic field strength and mass-loss rate) a hotter outflow leads to a weaker torque on the star. We derive new predictive torque formulae that quantify this effect over a range of possible wind acceleration profiles.
Crescentic Glomerulonephritis, A Rare Presentation of Alport Syndrome

Crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN) is a feature of severe glomerular injury. Anti-GBM disease, immune-complex mediated glomerulonephritis, and ANCA-associated vasculitis are the main causes of crescentic GN. Alport syndrome is a progressive form of hereditary nephritis presenting with hematuria and progression to proteinuria and renal failure. Herein we present a 16-year-old male with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis syndrome, sensory-neural hearing loss, and a family history of hematuria and proteinuria in his mother and aunt. Light microscopic examination shows cellular crescent in glomeruli. In an electron microscopy study, GBM changes compatible with Alport syndrome were identified. Alport syndrome rarely can be presented as crescentic GN. Electron microscopy is necessary for the diagnosis of this type of pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis.