Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How much do we see? On the explainability of partial dependence plots for credit risk scoring

Risk prediction models in credit scoring have to fulfil regulatory requirements, one of which consists in the interpretability of the model. Unfortunately, many popular modern machine learning algorithms result in models that do not satisfy this business need, whereas the research activities in the field of explainable machine learning have strongly increased in recent years. Partial dependence plots denote one of the most popular methods for model-agnostic interpretation of a feature’s effect on the model outcome, but in practice they are usually applied without answering the question of how much can actually be seen in such plots. For this purpose, in this paper a methodology is presented in order to analyse to what extent arbitrary machine learning models are explainable by partial dependence plots. The proposed framework provides both a visualisation, as well as a measure to quantify the explainability of a model on an understandable scale. A corrected version of the German credit data, one of the most popular data sets of this application domain, is used to demonstrate the proposed methodology.
Modified ABC-WOA Algorithm under Partial Shading Condition for MPPT in PV System

The PV system is power production technologies developed by renewable energy resources which offers the benefits of power scaling, ease of installation, requires low maintenance and modularity. Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are semiconductor technologies that change solar energy into direct current (DC) electricity via the exchange of electrons. A “Maximum Point Tracking” (MPPT) technique is derived to increase PV array's output power under all circumstances by monitoring the maximum power. The point of maximum power was tracked by various MPPT algorithms including the incremental conductance, perturb and observe (P&O), constant current, constant voltage, and parasitic capacitance methods etc. Despite being a straightforward technique, the perturb and monitor algorithm tracks incorrectly when the weather suddenly changes and oscillates around the point of maximum power (MPP), which can be avoided by utilizing the hybrid ABC-WOA algorithm. Therefore, to overcome this problem, an MPPT approach that is built on the hybrid ABC-WOA algorithm was performed associated to that of Perturbation and observation (P&O) as benchmarks. The ABC-WOA algorithm has ability to efficiently decrease the start-up time, minimizes the steady-state-run-yield oscillation of power following step change in an irradiance and enhances output efficiency. The recommended algorithm may easily handle partly shadowed PV arrays; lower power losses brought on by improperly recognizing the local position, and increase the effectiveness of PV power production.
In Situ Reactive Formation of Mixed Oxides in Additively Manufactured Cobalt Alloy

Oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) alloys have long been considered for high temperature turbine, spacecraft, and nuclear reactor components due to their high temperature strength and radiation resistance. Conventional synthesis approaches of ODS alloys involve ball milling of powders and consolidation. In this work, a process-synergistic approach is used to introduce oxide particles during laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Chromium (III) oxide (Cr2O3) powders are blended with a cobalt-based alloy, Mar-M 509, and exposed to laser irradiation, resulting in reduction–oxidation reactions involving metal (Ta, Ti, Zr) ions from the metal matrix to form mixed oxides of increased thermodynamic stability. A microstructure analysis indicates the formation of nanoscale spherical mixed oxide particles as well as large agglomerates with internal cracks. Chemical analyses confirm the presence of Ta, Ti, and Zr in agglomerated oxides, but primarily Zr in the nanoscale oxides. Mechanical testing reveals that agglomerate particle cracking is detrimental to tensile ductility compared to the base alloy, suggesting the need for improved processing methods to break up oxide particle clusters and promote their uniform dispersion during laser exposure.
Operateur de Stokes Dans des Espaces de Sobolev a Poids sur des Domaines Anguleux

Rappelons que l'opérateur de Stokes associe au couple vitesse-pression (, p) le couple force-divergence (, g) par: Nous nous plaçons ici en dimension 2. Voici l'écriture matricielle de l'opérateur: ce que nous noterons: . Ce système est elliptique au sens de [1] sur un domaine Ω avec les conditions complémentaires: (Dirichlet); c'est donc ce probléme que nous étudions ici.
Psychiatrists as Prescribers Versus Holistic Providers of Mental Health Treatment

With the many recent advances in the pharmacological treatment of psychiatric conditions.The pharmaceutical industry has been vigorous in promoting their products as being very effective intervention for the treatment of mental and psychiatric conditions. Health insurance companies have also been very restrictive in reimbursing psychiatrists for their clinical services if they do not prescribe medications for their patients’ treatment [1]. As a result, many psychiatrists have been pressured to limit their scope of practice to prescribing medications and have been labeled as prescribers as opposed to being physicians who specialize in providing comprehensive and holistic mental health treatment to patients who suffer from psychiatric conditions [2]. The purpose of this commentary is to redefine the role of psychiatrists not just as prescribers but as providers of their time honored calling as holistic healer of mental illness.
Numerical optimization of hole making in GFRP composite using abrasive water jet machining process

Machining of composite materials for the production of bolt holes is essential in the assembly of the structural frames in many industrial applications of glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP). Abrasive water jet cutting technology has been used in industry for such purposes. This technology has procured many overlapping applications and as the life of the joint in the assembled structure can be critically affected by the quality of the holes, so it is important for the industry to understand the application of the abrasive water jet cutting process on GFRP composite materials. The aim of the present work is to assess the influence of abrasive water jet machining parameters on the hole making process of woven-laminated GFRP material and to find the optimum values of the process parameters. Statistical approach was used to understand the effects of the predicted variables on the response variables. Analysis of variance was performed to isolate the effects of the parameters affecting the hole making in abrasive water jet cutting. The results show that the optimum values of cutting feed, fiber density, water jet pressure, standoff distance, and abrasive flow rate upon the response variables are 0.3 m/min, 0.82 g/cm3, 150 MPa, 2 mm, and 100 g/min, respectively.
Casting shadows: later-life outcomes of stature

ABSTRACT The central question in this special issue is a relatively new one in anthropometric history: how did body height affect the life course? This raises the issue of whether such an effect merely captures the underlying early-life conditions that impact growth, or whether some independent effect of stature can be discerned. Further, the effects of height on later-life outcomes need not be linear. These effects may also differ by gender, by context (time and place), and among life course domains such as occupational success, family formation or health in later life. The ten research articles in this issue use a plethora of historical sources on individuals, such as prison and hospital records, conscript records, genealogies and health surveys. These articles employ a variety of methods to distinguish between early-life and later-life effects, between intra- and intergenerational processes and between biological and socio-economic factors. Importantly, all articles discuss the impact of the specific context on their results to understand these effects. The overall conclusion is that independent later-life outcomes of height are rather ambiguous, and seem to stem more from the perception of physical strength, health and intelligence associated with height than from height itself. This special issue also reflects on intergenerational effects of the later-life outcomes of height. As populations have grown taller, it is possible that height and later-life outcomes have formed a ‘virtuous cycle’, resulting in taller, healthier and wealthier populations. So far, however, our research offers little support for this hypothesis.
An Examination of Ramsey's Critique: The Lack of Support in Dismissing Keynes's Logical Theory of Probability

In his 1922 review for Cambridge Magazine of Keynes's A Treatise on Probability, and again in his 1926 review "Truth and Probability" (published in 1931 and republished in Kyburg and Smokler's 1980 edition), Ramsey provided examples critiquing Keynes's logical theory of probability. However, these examples do not disprove Keynes's theory as all of them are flawed. The flaws arise because all the pairs of propositions that Ramsey used to substantiate his criticisms are irrelevant to each other. Such irrelevant propositions are explicitly excluded from Keynes's theory in pages 4-6 of his A Treatise on Probability. This paper highlights that Ramsey's examples, which involve irrelevant propositions, do not disprove Keynes's Boolean, relational logic. The only other defense of Keynes's theory, put forth by Watt in 1989, was found to be deficient by Brady in 2022.
A computational model of cell viability and proliferation of extrusion-based 3D-bioprinted constructs during tissue maturation process

3D bioprinting is a novel promising solution for living tissue fabrication, with several potential advantages in many different applicative sectors. However, the implementation of complex vascular networks remains as one of the limiting factors for the production of complex tissues and for bioprinting scale-up. In this work, a physics-based computational model is presented to describe nutrients diffusion and consumption phenomena in bioprinted constructs. The model—a system of partial differential equations that is approximated by means of the finite element method— allows for the description of cell viability and proliferation, and it can be easily adapted to different cell types, densities, biomaterials, and 3D-printed geometries, thus allowing a preassessment of cell viability within the bioprinted construct. The experimental validation is performed on bioprinted specimens to assess the ability of the model to predict changes in cell viability. The proposed model constitutes a proof of concept of digital twinning of biofabricated constructs that can be suitably included in the basic toolkit for tissue bioprinting.
Evolution of Composition, Readability, and Structure of Privacy Policies over Two Decades

Privacy policies outline data collection and sharing practices followed by an organization, together with choice and control measures available to users to manage the process. However, users have often needed help reading and understanding such documents, regardless of their being written in a natural language. The fundamental problems with privacy policies persist despite advancements in privacy design, frameworks, and regulations. To identify the causes of privacy policies being persistently challenging to comprehend, it is vital to investigate historical policy patterns and understand the evolution of privacy policies concerning information packaging and presentation. To this aid, we create a sentence-level classifier to conduct a large-scale longitudinal analysis on different privacy policies from 130,604 organizations, totaling approximately one million policies from 1997 to 2019. We annotate 10,717 sentences from 115 policies in the OPP-115 corpus to implement the classifier and then use those annotations to train the XLNet and BERT classifiers. Results from our analysis reveal that specific data practice categories experience more frequent policy changes than others, making it challenging to track relevant information over time. In addition, we discover that every category has distinct composition, readability, and structural issues, which exacerbate when categories frequently co-occur in a document. Based on our observations, we provide recommendations for policy articulation and revision to make privacy policy documents conform to better coherence and structure.
Selectivity of soil constituents by termites in the construction of Brazilian termite mounds

: Termites can create structures that alter the physical and chemical properties of soils. In this process, termites are selective about the soil constituents they will use to construct their mounds. Considering the common occurrence of termite mounds in Brazilian soils, this study aimed to investigate the selective action of termites in the mound building process. Samples were collected from six termite mounds and control soils (at a distance of 15 to 30 m from the termite mound) in different regions in Brazil to analyze the fine earth fraction. The content of clay fraction, organic C and Fe in pedogenic iron oxides increased in the mounds resulting in specific surface area increments. X-ray diffraction indicated a selectivity of termites by clay-sized particles such as kaolinite, gibbsite and iron oxides (hematite and goethite) rather than larger particles such as quartz. The proportion of low-crystalline iron oxides and the maghemite amount decreased in the mounds. The change of color parameters in the termite mounds was due to a combination of increase in clay fraction, organic carbon and iron oxides. The techniques used were sensitive, indicating changes and similarities between the control soils and the termite mounds.
Research Challenges and Future Facet Of Cellular Computing

cellular computing is promising and exciting domain. As the field continues to evolve, several future facets are expected to emerge. One potential facet is the development of more sophisticated and efficient cellular-based computing systems that can perform complex calculations and data processing tasks. This could lead to the creation of new tools and technologies in various fields, including medicine, biotechnology, and environmental monitoring. Moreover, technology has changed the way of communication, sharing and exchanging data. Mobile computing has grown to be very vital as the number of cellular devices have elevated fairly in the preceding years. In this paper, we have mentioned cellular computing, aspects of cell computing, working of cell computing. Also, we have discussed that what challenges are most common in the development of cellular computing. In last we discussed merits, demerits, application, and its future.
Application of discrete multicriteria optimization methods for the digital predistortion model design

In this paper, we investigate different alternative ideas for the design of digital predistortion models for radiofrequency power amplifiers. When compared to the greedy search algorithm, these algorithms allow a faster identification of the model parameters combination while still performing reasonably well. For the subsequent implementation, different metrics of model costs and score results in the process of optimization enable us to achieve sparse selections of the model, which balance the model accuracy and model resources (according to the complexity of implementation). The results achieved in the process of simulations show that combinations obtained with explored algorithms show the best performance after a lower number of simulations.
EmoMusicTV: Emotion-Conditioned Symbolic Music Generation With Hierarchical Transformer VAE

Emotion is one of the most crucial attributes of music. However, due to the scarcity of emotional music datasets, emotion-conditioned symbolic music generation using deep learning techniques has not been investigated in depth. In particular, no study explores conditional music generation with the guidance of emotion, and few studies adopt time-varying emotional conditions. To address these issues, first, we endow three public lead sheet datasets with fine-grained emotions by automatically computing the valence labels from the chord progressions. Second, we propose a novel and effective encoder-decoder architecture named EmoMusicTV to explore the impact of emotional conditions on multiple music generation tasks and to capture the rich variability of musical sequences. EmoMusicTV is a transformer-based variational autoencoder (VAE) that contains a hierarchical latent variable structure to model holistic properties of the music segments and short-term variations within bars. The piece-level and bar-level emotional labels are embedded in their corresponding latent spaces to guide music generation. Third, we pretrain EmoMusicTV with the lead sheet continuation task to further improve its performance on conditional melody or harmony generation. Experimental results demonstrate that EmoMusicTV outperforms previous methods on three tasks, i.e., melody harmonization, melody generation given harmony, and lead sheet generation. Ablation studies verify the significant roles of emotional conditions and hierarchical latent variable structure on conditional music generation. Human listening shows that the lead sheets generated by EmoMusicTV are closer to the ground truth (GT) and perform slightly worse than the GT in conveying emotional polarity.
Comparative immunohistochemical study on Osteocalcin expression in fibrous dysplasia and ossifying fibroma

Objective: Fibrous dysplasia (FD) and ossifying fibroma (OF) show similar histological and radiological features, making distinction between them a diagnostic dilemma requiring clarification. Study Design: Forty (20 FD, 20 OF) paraffin-embedded specimens were immunohistochemically stained using the primary antibody Osteocalcin (OC). The immunostained area fraction was evaluated in the bone trabeculae alone and in both the bone trabeculae and the connective tissue stroma together. Results: All cases of FD and OF demonstrated OC immunostaining in both the bone trabeculae and the stromal cells. In FD, osteocalcin was more expressed in stromal cells, while in OF, immunoreactivity was more marked in bone trabeculae. The area fraction expressing OC in both the bone tarbeculae and fibrous stroma was significantly higher in FD than OF (p= 0.025). Conclusion: The stromal spindle-shaped cells in FD are of the osteoblastic lineage. Osteocalcin expression can be a significant support in differential diagnosis of FD and OF.
Temperature-dependent polarization characteristics in Al0.25Ga0.75N/AlN/GaN heterostructure

The characteristics of polarizations, including spontaneous polarization (PSP) and piezoelectric polarization (PPE) in Al0.25Ga0. 75N/AlN/GaN were obtained by temperature-dependent x-ray diffraction measurements of AlN and GaN layers, and the sheet carrier density (ns) in 20-nm-thick barrier Al0.25Ga0. 75N/AlN/GaN heterostructure was studied by Hall measurement at different temperatures from 300 K to 600 K. It is found that the PSP/e (∼1 × 1013 cm−2, e is the electron charge) is larger than PPE/e (∼7 × 1012 cm−2). Excluding the influence of background carrier density, the change of PSP/e with temperature is similar to that of ns, while the tendency of PPE/e is opposite. The contributions to ns change by PSP and PPE are ∼−7.3 × 1011 cm−2 and ∼1.9 × 1011 cm−2, respectively. Therefore, the total variation of PSP and PPE is ∼−5.4 × 1011 cm−2, which is close to the value ∼−5.5 × 1011 cm−2 obtained by Hall data. All these results demonstrate that the PSP is dominant in temperature-dependent properties of two-dime.
The Role of TRAIL in Apoptosis and Immunosurveillance in Cancer

Simple Summary Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) plays an important role in apoptosis and tumor immunosurveillance. Because TRAIL selectively induces apoptosis in tumor cells, there is growing interest in using it as a cancer therapy agent, but the development of TRAIL resistance has limited its clinical development. Recent evidence suggests that the TRAIL pathway can activate the immunological checkpoint protein programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), which has recently been found to play an important role in TRAIL resistance and tumor invasion. Thus, targeting PD-L1 could be a promising new therapeutic strategy to improve TRAIL-based treatments in human cancers. Abstract Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF superfamily that selectively induces apoptosis in tumor cells without harming normal cells, making it an attractive agent for cancer therapy. TRAIL induces apoptosis by binding to and activating its death receptors DR4 and DR5. Several TRAIL-based treatments have been developed, including recombinant forms of TRAIL and its death receptor agonist antibodies, but the efficacy of TRAIL-based therapies in clinical trials is modest. In addition to inducing cancer cell apoptosis, TRAIL is expressed in immune cells and plays a critical role in tumor surveillance. Emerging evidence indicates that the TRAIL pathway may interact with immune checkpoint proteins, including programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), to modulate PD-L1-based tumor immunotherapies. Therefore, understanding the interaction between TRAIL and the immune checkpoint PD-L1 will lead to the development of new strategies to improve TRAIL- and PD-L1-based therapies. This review discusses recent findings on TRAIL-based therapy, resistance, and its involvement in tumor immunosurveillance.
An innovative tool to measure human skin strain distribution in vivo using motion capture and delaunay mesh

Skin has a complex structure and its deformation mechanics is still not well defined. In the study of skin biomechanics, the stretch ratio, λ, is an important property, which is determined using strain data. This paper attempts to develop a novel tool by integrating experimental-numerical approach to measure full-field strain distribution of human skin in vivo. Skin deformation in vivo was measured using motion capture system, (which is not a full-field measuring tool) and then by constructing finite elements, its full-field strain contour is produced. The experimental procedure starts by attaching a set of reflective markers onto the skin at the forearm of healthy volunteers. Skin deformation is induced by pulling a nylon filament attached with a loading tab. Three infrared cameras are used to capture the movement of markers during load application. QTM (Qualisys, Sweden) software is used to track markers trajectories and generate data consisting of 3-dimensional markers coordinate. The initial capture is set as the reference marker positions (undeformed skin) and the subsequent images represent the deformed skin relative to the initial. Representing markers as nodes, finite elements are constructed by adjoining three adjacent markers using Delaunay mesh. Strains were deduced from the strain displacement matrix and measured for three subjects at three loading directions. The results are in fair agreement with those obtained by others. The method and output provide a useful addition to understanding skin deformation.