Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of clinically significant prostate cancer using polygenic risk models in Asians

Purpose To develop and evaluate the performance of a polygenic risk score (PRS) constructed in a Korean male population to predict clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Materials and Methods Total 2,702 PCa samples and 7,485 controls were used to discover csPCa susceptible single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Males with biopsy-proven or post-radical prostatectomy Gleason score 7 or higher were included for analysis. After genotype imputation for quality control, logistic regression models were applied to test association and calculate effect size. Extracted candidate SNPs were further tested to compare predictive performance according to number of SNPs included in the PRS. The best-fit model was validated in an independent cohort of 311 cases and 822 controls. Results Of the 83 candidate SNPs with significant PCa association reported in previous literature, rs72725879 located in PRNCR1 showed the highest significance for PCa risk (odds ratio, 0.597; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.555–0.641; p=4.3×10-45). Thirty-two SNPs within 26 distinct loci were further selected for PRS construction. Best performance was found with the top 29 SNPs, with AUC found to be 0.700 (95% CI, 0.667–0.734). Males with very-high PRS (above the 95th percentile) had a 4.92-fold increased risk for csPCa. Conclusions Ethnic-specific PRS was developed and validated in Korean males to predict csPCa susceptibility using the largest csPCa sample size in Asia. PRS can be a potential biomarker to predict individual risk. Future multi-ethnic trials are required to further validate our results.
OTFS vs. OFDM in the Presence of Sparsity: A Fair Comparison

Many recent works in the literature declare that Orthogonal Time-Frequency-Space (OTFS) modulation is a promising candidate technology for high mobility communication scenarios. However, a truly fair comparison with its direct concurrent and widely used Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation has not yet been provided. In this paper, we present such a fair comparison between the two digital modulation formats in terms of achievable communication rate. In this context, we explicitly address the problem of channel estimation by considering, for each modulation, a pilot scheme and the associated channel estimation algorithm specifically adapted to sparse channels in the Doppler-delay domain, targeting the optimization of the pilot overhead to maximize the overall achievable rate. In our achievable rate analysis we consider also the presence of a guard interval or cyclic prefix. The results are supported by numerical simulations, for different time-frequency selective channels including multiple scattering components and under non-perfect channel state information resulting from the considered pilot schemes. This work does not claim to establish in a fully definitive way which is the best modulation format, since such choice depends on many other features which are outside the scope of this work (e.g., legacy, intellectual property, ease and know-how for implementation, and many other criteria). Nevertheless, we provide the foundations to properly compare multi-carrier communication systems in terms of their information theoretic achievable rate potential, within meaningful and sensible assumptions on the channel models and on the receiver complexity (both in terms of channel estimation and in terms of soft-output symbol detection).
SNAP25 protects primary cortical neurons from hypoxic-ischemic injury associated with CREB signal.

Background Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) could induce exacerbated changes and unpredictable effects in brain cells, and the mechanism remains unclear. Methods HIE model was established in neonatal rats, Zea-Longa score and TTC staining were used to observe the neurobehavior and brain infarct volume in rats subjected to cerebral hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Primary cortical neurons were then cultured in vitro to establish an oxygen and glucose deprivation model. To determine the role of synaptosomal-associated protein-25 (SNAP25) in HIE, PC12 cells were cultured and effective siRNA fragments were screened, and SNAP25 was transfected into primary neurons. Then, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression level and immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the morphological changes of neurons before and after the injury. Finally, the abundance values of SNAP25 and its associated genes were filtered using the NCBI and GeneMANIA, respectively. Results HI leads to a decrease in neuronal number and an increase in SNAP25 expression. Whereas, the interference of SNAP25 caused marked decrease in neuronal number and the length of neurite. Moreover, the expression levels of CREB and SYP were significantly decreased after interference of SNAP25. Conclusion SNAP25 exhibited several neuroprotective effects to neuronal protection in neonatal cerebral HI by regulating CREB and SYP.
Reduction of Odor and VOC Emissions from a Dairy Lagoon

Odor is a concern at many large animal feeding operations. Due to complaints from downwind neighbors, a project was initiated to reduce emissions of odor and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from a 3000-cow dairy. An initial odor evaluation showed that the volatile solids loading rate to the lagoons was 15 times that recommended by ASABE standards, and that the primary source of the odor problem was the two lagoons. Abatement measures included covering the treatment lagoon, adding additional aeration capacity to the storage lagoon, and reducing the volatile solids loading rate to both lagoons. Odor, hydrogen sulfide, and water quality were monitored initially and at the completion of the project. A laboratory-based wind tunnel and gas chromatographic method was developed to evaluate reduction in VOC emissions of phenol,4-ethylphenol, p-cresol, indole, skatole, and seven volatile fatty acids. Dramatic improvements in ambient air quality were observed after 30 months, with 80% reduction in ambient odor concentrations and 96% reduction in ambient H2S concentrations downwind of the lagoons. There was a 94.2% reduction in total odorous VOC emissions from the lagoons as measured under laboratory conditions with the small wind tunnel. Paralleled improvements in water quality were observed, with a 55.3% reduction in BOD5, 84.1% reduction in VFAs, and 76.3% increase in oxidation reduction potential (ORP). These results demonstrate the potential for air quality improvements with best management practices such as lagoon covers, aeration, and using innovative methods for reducing the volatile solids loading rate. Relative improvements are always site specific.
Learning to Translate Kannada and English Queries for Mixed Script Information Retrieval

in Abstract. Due to increase in the availability of numerous languages in the Web, cross language information retrieval is one of the happening issues in the field of natural language processing and information retrieval. Nowadays, people are ha-bituated to combine two or more language words during oral or written discourse. Speakers have also employed intermixing of different languages and scripts in digital media while querying, blogging and on social media platforms. The way of representing two different language words of an utterance in their native scripts is known as mixed scripting. In the present work, we attempted to translate mixed script queries of Kannada and English languages into monolingual queries. We proposed three approaches for translation by constructing bilingual dictionary, word embeddings and Google translate. The proposed method outperforms the conventional dictionary based approach, when word embeddings were combined with the translations learnt from Google Translate and Dictionary.
Global coastal low‐level wind jets revisited through the new ERA5 reanalysis

The recent ECMWF (European Centre of Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts) reanalysis product (ERA5) is a 3D‐atmospheric dataset of unparalleled value to advance the characterization and understanding of the main global coastal low‐level jet (CLLJ) systems, due to its finer resolution (horizontal and vertical) and hourly output. Regional climate studies have revealed the added value of higher spatial and temporal resolutions of models and reanalyses for the representation of CLLJs, which play an important role in the definition of the regional climate along the Eastern Boundary Current Systems. ERA5 reveals an improvement in the representation of the wind speed and temperature vertical profiles within the boundary layer in CLLJ regions. This improvement enables a better representation of CLLJs and therefore a new view on their features. ERA5 show larger CLLJ frequencies of occurrence and larger wind speed intensities, when compared with previous reanalysis. The maximum frequency of occurrence ranges from 20% in the West Australian and 73% in the Oman CLLJs, in the summer season, which constitutes an increase of 10% compared to ERA‐Interim. Moreover, a shift for higher wind speeds is also found, where the maximum wind speed approach 30 m·s−1. Typically, CLLJs are found below 500 m above sea level, where the finer vertical discretization results clearly in a better description of the CLLJ peak height. Regarding the diurnal cycles of CLLJs frequency of occurrence, ERA5 exposes higher peaks and larger amplitudes, where the maximum hourly frequency is about 38% in the Oman CLLJ and the diurnal amplitude can vary between 7 and 14%. The diurnal maximum and minimum frequency of CLLJ occurrence can be found between 1900 and 2200 UTC, and between 1000 and 1400 LST, respectively. The momentum and temperature budget profiles reveal significant differences between CLLJ regions and emphasize the relevance of local processes in its occurrences.
Optical fibre line current measurement system

Optically coupled current measurement systems obviate the need for the large amounts of insulation required in high voltage CTs and usually allow the sensor to be sited hundreds of metres from the receiving end. The sensor described in the paper uses less power than previously reported hybrid systems which allows operation from a minimum line current of 3A rms. Chromatic modulation is used in which a continuous wide range of wavelengths is used with the measurement information encoded on the spectral signature of this optical signal. The advantages of the chromatic modulation technique include intensity independent modulation, high optical efficiency and high sensitivity. The block diagram of the current measurement system is shown. A broad band light source is used to optically activate the system. This light source addresses liquid crystal elements via an optical fibre. >
Building a Better Mousetrap: A Unique Approach to Determining Reliable Savings Potential

Estimation of remaining energy savings potential is an important step in determining energy efficiency resource allocation for any state or region. The high cost of obtaining customer-specific choices, however, often leads researchers to base these estimates on top-down approaches that utilize assumptions and high level inputs to characterize complex behavioral activities and perceptions regarding customer choices. An innovative bottom-up approach was implemented in one New England state by RLW Analytics and participating utility companies to estimate statewide market potential based on direct customer responses to information and questions regarding their own economically feasible potential conservation measures.
Miniaturized bent slotted patch antenna over a reactive impedance surface substrate

A reactive impedance surface (RIS) based miniaturized bent slotted patch antenna is proposed and investigated for S-band applications around 2.39 GHz. Bent slots in the patch reduce the patch antenna size by increasing current path on the patch. Further a RIS substrate with cross-shaped patch elements printed over a grounded dielectric is optimized and investigated for antenna miniaturization. The proposed bent slotted patch antenna over RIS substrate is 38.75% miniaturized with respect to traditional patch antenna at a fixed operating frequency. The proposed antenna reveals an overall volume of 0. 280λ0 × 0. 280λ0 × 0. 036λ0 on a low-cost FR4 substrate at 2.39 GHz for S-band applications. The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured for its return loss. The measured results are in good agreement with simulated one.
Steuersysteme im Flugzeug – Fly-By-Wire (Flight Control Systems – Fly-By-Wire)

Abstract Der Einsatz komplexer Automatisierungsfunktionen erfordert computergesteuerte Plattformen. Werden solche Plattformen wie bei der Flugsteuerung in Bereichen eingesetzt, in denen das Leben von Personen unmittelbar vom sicheren Funktionieren der Plattform abhängt, muss diese ausfallsicher ausgelegt sein. Dieser Beitrag erörtert die zentralen Sicherheitsanforderungen an sicherheitskritische Fly-By-Wire-Plattformen, zeigt einen Weg der Verknüpfung von Sicherheitsanalyse und Systementwurf auf und stellt ergänzend zwei heute im Einsatz stehende und eine neue in einem Technologieprogramm erprobte Fly-By-Wire-Plattform dar.
Cooperative vehicle-infrastructure systems: an intelligent way forward?

Cooperative vehicle infrastructure systems offer a promising perspective to alleviate problems in road traffic with respect to traffic safety, congestion and the environment. This document describes the rationale behind and main results of the SUMMITS programme that was conducted by TNO from 2003-2006 as well as the current and expected developments of road traffic along with developments at both national and European levels. It goes on to outline TNO's vision of the traffic system of the future and the corresponding research challenges that were addressed in the SUMMITS programme. Finally the main results of the SUMMITS programme are presented: the Integrated Full Range Speed Assistant, the Network Manager and the SUMMITS Tool Suite.
Performance Analysis of Commercial Passive Balancing Battery Management System Operation Using a Hardware-in-the-Loop Testbed

With increased usage, individual batteries within the battery pack will begin to show disparate voltage and State of Charge (SOC) profiles, which will impact the time at which batteries become balanced. Commercial battery management systems (BMSs), used in electric vehicles (EVs) and microgrids, typically send out signals suggesting removal of individual batteries or entire packs to prevent thermal runaway scenarios. To reuse these batteries, this paper presents an analysis of an off-the-shelf Orion BMS with a constrained cycling approach to assess the voltage and SOC balancing and thermal performances of such near-to-second life batteries. A scaled-down pack of series-connected batteries in 6s1p and 6s2p topologies are cycled through a combination of US06 drive and constant charge (CC) profiles using an OPAL-RT real-time Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulator. These results are compared with those obtained from the Matlab/Simulink model to present the error incurred in the simulation environment. Results suggest that the close-to-second life batteries can be reused if operated in a constrained manner and that a scaled-up battery pack topology reduces incurred error.
Australian employers' strategies to improve the quality of apprentices

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to examine the ways in which Australian companies can achieve high quality apprenticeship and traineeship systems in a time of labour shortage through close attention to the recruitment and development of apprentices and trainees.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on six qualitative case studies in a range of industries and occupational areas, carried out as part of an international project on apprenticeship.Findings – The paper finds that there are significant differences among companies in the skills and experience that they bring to the processes of recruiting and developing apprentice and trainees. Poor skills appear to lead to poor outcomes in terms of quality of apprentices and trainees while investment of skills and time leads to high quality outcomes that may significantly add value to the company. The effects of shortcomings in this area may be exacerbated in a tight labour market.Research limitations – The research in this paper is limited by t.
Stabilization of multiple resistance levels by current-sweep in SiOx-based resistive switching memory

Using current-sweep measurements, the set process in SiOx-based resistive random access memory (RRAM) has been found to consist of multiple resistance-reduction steps. Variation in set behaviors was observed and attributed to different defect distributions in the resistance switching region. Physical mechanism of electroforming process is discussed, which further explains the observed variation of defect distributions. A compliance current study confirms that the achievable memory states of SiOx RRAM are determined by its set behavior. This finding provides additional insight on achieving multi-bit memory storage with SiOx RRAM.
Analysis of transformer inrush transients in offshore electrical systems

Large transformers are electrically close to generators in an offshore power system. Energising such transformers causes significant inrush currents, which are sustained for several seconds. The voltage dip on the generator bus then initiates a response from the automatic voltage regulator (AVR). Using a numerical simulation, the lightly damped response of the AVR is shown to modify the inrush transient. Other on-line transformers can be sent into magnetic saturation. Site measurements confirm the features of the transient predicted by the simulation. The paper shows that a detailed model is required if the inrush current on an isolated offshore power system is to be correctly predicted.
Smart antennas in handsets for improving 3G performance

The improvement in network performance due to the use of smart antennas in UTRA FDD handsets is investigated. A statistical model was derived, from published results, for the performance of a handset having a smart antenna. This model was used in simulations of a UTRA FDD network, and results gathered to identify the benefits of using a smart antenna in a handset compared to using a conventional antenna. It was found that handsets using smart antennas in UTRA FDD networks offer significant performance improvements that can be translated into substantial economic benefits.
Security through SSL

As Internet has reached every home, so is the increase in the number of users. The studies have shown as the number of internet users is increasing day by day, there is increase in online transactions. As more number of websites are coming up with easy facility of transmitting information it has been seen that it has lead to substantial increase in fraud. Websites are asking for entering sensitive data from the users, like credit card details, which have posed a major threat to the users who make most of their payments online. It is up to the user to see which secure web page is and which is not. Each information which is transmitted over the web has to be traversed to many computer servers before it reach its destination. Considering the scenario SSL is the solution to the problem. The paper gives an insight into the different attacks on the internet, and how the data can be sent securely through SSL.
Recent Advances in Sensing and Control of Flexible Structures Via Piezoelectric Materials Technology

Due to their special characteristics, piezoelectric materials can be used in distributed behavior sensing and control of flexible structures. These materials are usually incorporated with the precision sensing and control of highly adaptive intelligent structures. Many theoretical, numerical, and experimental research activities treating piezoelectricity in sensing and control of various flexible structures have been carried out over the last decade. This survey article aims at collecting the recent research studies in this important field. It contains 336 references which are classified according to their applications. A brief theory and history of piezoelectricity is also presented.
Epstein-Barr Virus Infection Alone or Jointly with Human Papillomavirus Associates with Down-Regulation of miR-145 in Oral Squamous-Cell Carcinoma

Down-regulation of tumor-suppressive miR-145 has been reported in various malignancies, including oral squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC) that is influenced by several factors, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV). Oncoviruses can modulate the expression of cellular microRNAs. Therefore, we sought to investigate the association of miR-145 down-regulation in OSCC with EBV and/or HPV infection, which might be a possible mechanism of these viruses in oral carcinogenesis. Herein, prevalence of EBV, HPV, and their co-infection was significantly higher in tumors than normal tissues of OSCC. EBV infection alone or jointly with HPV was significantly associated with down-regulation of miR-145 in tumors compared with normal adjacent tissues. In cell lines infected with EBV or HPV, miR-145 was also down-regulated. Consistently, methylation of miR-145 was significantly greater in tumors, and well correlated with increased expression of DNMT3B, which was influenced by infection with EBV and HPV. In cell lines, only EBV infection was associated with increased expression of DNMT3B. Moreover, the level of EBV-LMP1 mRNA in tumors was negatively correlated with miR-145 and positively correlated with DNMT3B. Therefore, EBV alone or jointly with HPV is associated with down-regulation of miR-145 and may influence on miR-145 promoter methylation through the induction of DNMT3B in OSCC.
Correlation between Partition Coefficients Food Simulant/Paper, KF, P, and Octanol/Water, KO,W - A New Approach in Support of Migration Modeling and Compliance Testing

An investigation on the migration of various migrants from paper (board) into solid food simulants was undertaken to determine the correlation of partition coefficients between food simulants / paper, KF,P, and octanol/water, KO,W. The migration tests were carried out using four solid food simulants (rice powder, milk powder, white sugar and rice) in contact with a kind paper which was spiked with 5 compounds. These model migrants cover a wide range of potential migrants in paper (board) food packaging materials and can be characterized by octanol/water partition coefficients ranging from log KO,W = 2.293 to 4.496. In all simulants a correlation of increasing log KO, W with increasing log KF,P was found. Using the correlation line as a calibration curve, log KF, P can be predicted from the log KO, W values of the migrants for a given food stimulant. This approach is a new estimation procedure to obtain KF, P values from easily accessible KO,W values which can significantly reduce the efforts for compliance assessment by minimizing time and costs to be spent compared to carrying out an enormous number of specific migration test. Furthermore, this approach will support experimental migration testing since it provides a method to determine which simulant is appropriate for a given foodstuff.