Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Provisional Definition of Remission in Rheumatoid Arthritis for Clinical Trials

Objective Remission in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an increasingly attainable goal, but there is no widely used definition of remission that is stringent but achievable and could be applied uniformly as an outcome measure in clinical trials. This work was undertaken to develop such a definition. Methods A committee consisting of members of the American College of Rheumatology, the European League Against Rheumatism, and the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Initiative met to guide the process and review prespecified analyses from RA clinical trials. The committee requested a stringent definition (little, if any, active disease) and decided to use core set measures including, as a minimum, joint counts and levels of an acute-phase reactant to define remission. Members were surveyed to select the level of each core set measure that would be consistent with remission. Candidate definitions of remission were tested, including those that constituted a number of individual measures of remission (Boolean approach) as well as definitions using disease activity indexes. To select a definition of remission, trial data were analysed to examine the added contribution of patient-reported outcomes and the ability of candidate measures to predict later good radiographic and functional outcomes. Results Survey results for the definition of remission suggested indexes at published thresholds and a count of core set measures, with each measure scored as 1 or less (eg, tender and swollen joint counts, C reactive protein (CRP) level, and global assessments on a 0–10 scale). Analyses suggested the need to include a patient-reported measure. Examination of 2-year follow-up data suggested that many candidate definitions performed comparably in terms of predicting later good radiographic and functional outcomes, although 28-joint Disease Activity Score–based measures of remission did not predict good radiographic outcomes as well as the other candidate definitions did. Given these and other considerations, we propose that a patient's RA can be defined as being in remission based on one of two definitions: (1) when scores on the tender joint count, swollen joint count, CRP (in mg/dl), and patient global assessment (0–10 scale) are all ≤1, or (2) when the score on the Simplified Disease Activity Index is ≤3.3. Conclusion We propose two new definitions of remission, both of which can be uniformly applied and widely used in RA clinical trials. The authors recommend that one of these be selected as an outcome measure in each trial and that the results on both be reported for each trial.
Applying Dispositional, Situational, and Organizational Risk Propensity to Technology Threat Avoidance Theory - A tripartite View

Human error is one of the biggest cybersecurity vulnerabilities in organizations, making organizational security solutions become ineffective. It is therefore crucial for organizations to adapt their risk management in concordance to arising threats. Using the Technology Threat Avoidance Theory (TTAT) as a theoretical lens, this article investigates the relationship between security threats, employees’ risk perception, and avoidance behavior. While recent research has suggested that an individual’s dispositional risk propensity can influence the perception of technology threats, we argue that additional risk facets, namely situational and organizational risk propensity, can influence employees’ threat perception. Through a scenario-based online experiment, our study reveals that risk perception in a work environment is not a static risk assessment but rather depends on situational aspects and the organization’s risk propensity. Our study contributes to existing research by investigating the different aspects of risk-taking in an organizational context improving our understanding of employees’ behavior at work.
Voiceover: Censorship-Circumventing Protocol Tunnels with Generative Modeling

Censorship regimes are continuously adopting and deploying state-of-the-art techniques to detect and prosecute open communication on the internet. Multimedia protocol tunneling seeks to disguise covert data communication by processing it directly through a legitimate audio/video communication system. Systems like VoIP and video streaming services use variable bitrate encoding schemes, which leak characteristics of the content they carry through packet sizes and timing. In what is called a content mismatch attack, censors can distinguish between a channel carrying legitimate media content and one carrying covert data content. We address content mismatch attacks by introducing a novel traffic-shaping technique that models the normal media content and applies its properties to the covert content. We constructed a generative machine learning model to restrict covert data transmission such that its timing properties match properties learned from real two-person conversations. Our evaluation finds that modeling the timing properties in the application layer content reduces distinguishing features in the encrypted network traffic. This mitigates content mismatch attacks on coarse-grained timing properties.
A CLINICO PATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF PRE-OPERATIVE SERUM INTERLEUKIN-6 AND C-REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVELS IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS

Background: Despite remarkable improvements in cancer treatment approaches, breast cancer is still the main cause of cancer related death in women. Recently an association between breast cancer & inflammation has emerged as the seventh hallmark of cancer. Chronic inflammation is a key contributor in the development & progression of carcinogenesis. IL-6& CRP are found to be elevated in various inflammatory & malignant diseases. Elevated levels of both markers at the time of diagnosis of breast cancer indicate aggressiveness of the tumor. Breast cancer survivors with association of Chronic inflammation are at risk of recurrence and metabolic disturbances. The present study is aimed to strengthen the relationship between serum IL-6 and CRP levels with breast carcinoma staging and its relation to clinical outcome. Materials and Methods: A total number of 100 females who all are cytologically and histopathologically proven breast cancer patients were selected for the study & were Subjected to thorough evaluation. Serum levels of IL-6 were assessed via Enzyme-Linked immuno-sorbent assay & CRP was measured via immuno-turbidimetry. Histological findings included tumor size, lymph node, metastasis & tumor staging correlated with serum levels of IL-6 &CRP in all cases. Statistical analysis of the data was then processed. Results: Increase in cancer invasion & Staging are associated with increase in pre-operative serum IL-6 & CRP levels correlated with TNM staging (IL-6; P-0.010, CRP; P-0.011). It interpreted that serum Levels of IL-6 & CRP increases with subsequent stage of breast Cancer. Conclusion: This study strengthens the positive correlation of serum IL-6 & CRP levels with TNM staging of breast cancer,hence indirectly correlating with the prognosis of the patient. Thus, breast cancer patients with pre-operative raised levels of CRP& IL-6 should be paid a special attention for better patient management and survival outcome.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX, BLOOD PRESSURE, BLOOD SUGAR, AND WAIST-HIP RATIO IN YOUNG ADULTS

Background: Obesity is a global epidemic and is on the rise. Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) which is equal to or more than 30kg/m2. It is one of the modifiable risk factors of type 2 diabetes. This study was undertaken to determine the correlation between random blood sugar (RBS), BMI and BP in a healthy young adult Indian population. Materials and Methods: This study comprises 92 males and 108 females (200 total) young adults aged between 18 to 30 years. Blood pressure was measured in all subjects using sphygmomanometer instrument in the right arm of the subject after resting period of 10 minutes. BMI, Blood pressure, Waist hip ratio and random blood sugar levels are measured from the subjects. Result: The mean BMI was 26.26±3.34 Kg/m2. The mean WHR was 0.91±0.24. Mean RBS was 96.20±18.21 mg/dl. Both diastolic and systolic blood pressures increased significantly with increased BMI status and abnormally elevated WHR than in participants with normal WHR. RBS was also significantly higher in those with elevated WHR than in those with normal WHR. Conclusion: Raised BMI and abnormally elevated waist hip ratio are positively correlated with random blood sugar levels and blood pressure in Young adults. Therefore, young population all over world are at risk of developing chronic diseases like hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cancer, stroke and other cardiovascular diseases later in their life. Therefore, BMI and waist hip ratio should be routinely checked and monitored in young population to prevent future development of chronic diseases.
Self-stabilizing clock synchronization in the presence of Byzantine faults

We initiate a study of bounded clock synchronization under a more severe fault model than that proposed by Lamport and Melliar-Smith [1985]. Realistic aspects of the problem of synchronizing clocks in the presence of faults are considered. One aspect is that clock synchronization is an on-going task, thus the assumption that some of the processors never fail is too optimistic. To cope with this reality, we suggest self-stabilizing protocols that stabilize in any (long enough) period in which less than a third of the processors are faulty. Another aspect is that the clock value of each processor is bounded. A single transient fault may cause the clock to reach the upper bound. Therefore, we suggest a bounded clock that wraps around when appropriate.We present two randomized self-stabilizing protocols for synchronizing bounded clocks in the presence of Byzantine processor failures. The first protocol assumes that processors have a common pulse, while the second protocol does not. A new type of distributed counter based on the Chinese remainder theorem is used as part of the first protocol.
ERK signaling controls blastema cell differentiation during planarian regeneration

The robust regenerative ability of planarians depends on a population of somatic stem cells called neoblasts, which are the only mitotic cells in adults and are responsible for blastema formation after amputation. The molecular mechanism underlying neoblast differentiation associated with blastema formation remains unknown. Here, using the planarian Dugesia japonica we found that DjmkpA, a planarian mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-related gene, was specifically expressed in blastema cells in response to increased extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) activity. Pharmacological and genetic [RNA interference (RNAi)] approaches provided evidence that ERK activity was required for blastema cells to exit the proliferative state and undergo differentiation. By contrast, DjmkpA RNAi induced an increased level of ERK activity and rescued the differentiation defect of blastema cells caused by pharmacological reduction of ERK activity. These observations suggest that ERK signaling plays an instructive role in the cell fate decisions of blastema cells regarding whether to differentiate or not, by inducing DjmkpA as a negative regulator of ERK signaling during planarian regeneration.
Antagonistic cross-regulation between Wnt and Hedgehog signalling pathways controls post-embryonic retinal proliferation

Continuous neurogenesis in the adult nervous system requires a delicate balance between proliferation and differentiation. Although Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog signalling pathways are thought to share a mitogenic function in adult neural stem/progenitor cells, it remains unclear how they interact in this process. Adult amphibians produce retinal neurons from a pool of neural stem cells localised in the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ). Surprisingly, we found that perturbations of the Wnt and Hedgehog pathways result in opposite proliferative outcomes of neural stem/progenitor cells in the CMZ. Additionally, our study revealed that Wnt and Hedgehog morphogens are produced in mutually exclusive territories of the post-embryonic retina. Using genetic and pharmacological tools, we found that the Wnt and Hedgehog pathways exhibit reciprocal inhibition. Our data suggest that Sfrp-1 and Gli3 contribute to this negative cross-regulation. Altogether, our results reveal an unexpected antagonistic interplay of Wnt and Hedgehog signals that may tightly regulate the extent of neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation in the Xenopus retina.
Hesr1 and Hesr3 are essential to generate undifferentiated quiescent satellite cells and to maintain satellite cell numbers

Satellite cells, which are skeletal muscle stem cells, divide to provide new myonuclei to growing muscle fibers during postnatal development, and then are maintained in an undifferentiated quiescent state in adult skeletal muscle. This state is considered to be essential for the maintenance of satellite cells, but their molecular regulation is unknown. We show that Hesr1 (Hey1) and Hesr3 (Heyl) (which are known Notch target genes) are expressed simultaneously in skeletal muscle only in satellite cells. In Hesr1 and Hesr3 single-knockout mice, no obvious abnormalities of satellite cells or muscle regenerative potentials are observed. However, the generation of undifferentiated quiescent satellite cells is impaired during postnatal development in Hesr1/3 double-knockout mice. As a result, myogenic (MyoD and myogenin) and proliferative (Ki67) proteins are expressed in adult satellite cells. Consistent with the in vivo results, Hesr1/3-null myoblasts generate very few Pax7+ MyoD– undifferentiated cells in vitro. Furthermore, the satellite cell number gradually decreases in Hesr1/3 double-knockout mice even after it has stabilized in control mice, and an age-dependent regeneration defect is observed. In vivo results suggest that premature differentiation, but not cell death, is the reason for the reduced number of satellite cells in Hesr1/3 double-knockout mice. These results indicate that Hesr1 and Hesr3 are essential for the generation of adult satellite cells and for the maintenance of skeletal muscle homeostasis.
Quantum isomorphism is equivalent to equality of homomorphism counts from planar graphs

Over 50 years ago, Lovasz proved that two graphs are isomorphic if and only if they admit the same number of homomorphisms from any graph [Acta Math. Hungar. 18 (1967), pp. 321--328]. In this work we prove that two graphs are quantum isomorphic (in the commuting operator framework) if and only if they admit the same number of homomorphisms from any planar graph. As there exist pairs of non-isomorphic graphs that are quantum isomorphic, this implies that homomorphism counts from planar graphs do not determine a graph up to isomorphism. Another immediate consequence is that determining whether there exists some planar graph that has a different number of homomorphisms to two given graphs is an undecidable problem, since quantum isomorphism is known to be undecidable. Our characterization of quantum isomorphism is proven via a combinatorial characterization of the intertwiner spaces of the quantum automorphism group of a graph based on counting homomorphisms from planar graphs. This result inspires the definition of "graph categories" which are analogous to, and a generalization of, partition categories that are the basis of the definition of easy quantum groups. Thus we introduce a new class of "graph-theoretic quantum groups" whose intertwiner spaces are spanned by maps associated to (bi-labeled) graphs. Finally, we use our result on quantum isomorphism to prove an interesting reformulation of the Four Color Theorem: that any planar graph is 4-colorable if and only if it has a homomorphism to a specific Cayley graph on the symmetric group $S_4$ which contains a complete subgraph on four vertices but is not 4-colorable.
Utilización de fijadores externos circulares para la corrección de pies gravemente deformados

espanolSe presentan 4 casos de deformidades graves de pie de diferente etiologia y diferente combinacion de deformidades tratados mediante el fijador externo circular de Ilizarov. Se procedio a la correccion progresiva y simultanea de las deformidades en los 3 planos espaciales. En 2 casos se realizo simultaneamente y con el mismo montaje un alargamiento tibial y en 1 un alargamiento del pie. En todos los casos se lograron pies plantigrados que no necesitaron el uso de ortcsis de contencion posteriormente. EnglishFour cases with severe deformities of the foot caused by different etiology and treated by using Ilizarov's circular fixators are presented. The deformities were progressively corrected in a triplanar approach. Tibial lengthening was simultaneously performed in two cases using the same device. In one case forefoot lengthening was associated. In all case, the final result achieved was a plantigrade foot. Patients did not need any orthesis after correction.
A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN POST TUBERCULAR PATIENTS USING SEQUENTIAL PHYSICAL CHECK-UP AND IMAGING METHODS PERIODICALLY

Background: Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) is a widespread infectious chronic lung disease especially in Endemic region like India which is one of the leading causes of mortality, particularly residing in low socio-economic status and poor hygiene condition. Inspite of 3 decades of launching Revised National Tubercular Control Programme (1997 to 2020), still Tuberculosis is most common infection in India which causes significant morbidity and mortality even after completion of treatment of tuberculosis which affects quality of life of patients. The radiological modalities and physical check-up periodically are widely used in evaluation of any residual pulmonary /pleural disease and Quality of life. The aim of present study is to assess Quality of Life in patients who have completed the 9 months course of treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study of 220 patients who were enrolled in the study. The study participants were the individuals who had been suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis and declared cured after completing treatment for tuberculosis. The inclusion Criteria were Age group of 14-60 years, who were able to perform lung function test using Spirometry, while the exclusion criteria were the patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and MDR-TB and patients with history of heavy smoking in past or present. Result: Total 220 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled into the study. The mean age of the patients was 27.22. The number of Male patients were 130 (59.09%) and females were 90 (40.90%). Among the enrolled patients, majority of Patients were resided in the rural areas 173 (79%) as compared living in urban areas 47 (21%). The Mean BMI of the patients in the study was 18.66. 60 patients had a normal BMI and 157 patients were underweighted. Majority of patients were smokers 114 as compared to non-smokers 106. The number of patients consuming Alcohol were 68 while non – alcoholics were 152 in numbers. The mean time taken to start treatment was 33.73 days ± 27.8 (7 - 180) with Interquartile Range 15. Conclusion: It was concluded that patients who had suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis have poor quality of life scores. Health related quality of life scores (Saint George’s Respiratory Questionaire) had good correlation with chest X-ray/C.T. Scan Chest findings and spirometric analysis. Thus, all post pulmonary tuberculosis patients should undergo pulmonary rehabilitation with routine follow-up and Pulmonologist’s consultation for leading better quality of life.
Search for new light gauge bosons in Higgs boson decays to four-lepton final states in pp collisions at ffiffi s p 1⁄4 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

This paper presents a search for Higgs bosons decaying to four leptons, either electrons or muons, via one or two light exotic gauge bosons Zd, H → ZZd → 4l or H → ZdZd → 4l. The search was performed using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 20 fb−1 at the center-of-mass energy of ffiffi s p 1⁄4 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The observed data are well described by the Standard Model prediction. Upper bounds on the branching ratio of H → ZZd → 4l and on the kinetic mixing parameter between the Zd and the Standard Model hypercharge gauge boson are set in the range ð1–9Þ × 10−5 and ð4–17Þ × 10−2 respectively, at 95% confidence level assuming the Standard Model branching ratio of H → ZZ → 4l, for Zd masses between 15 and 55 GeV. Upper bounds on the effective mass mixing parameter between the Z and the Zd are also set using the branching ratio limits in the H → ZZd → 4l search, and are in the range ð1. 5–8. 7Þ × 10−4 for 15 < mZd < 35 GeV. Upper bounds on the branching ratio of H → ZdZd → 4l and on the Higgs portal coupling parameter, controlling the strength of the coupling of the Higgs boson to dark vector bosons are set in the range ð2–3Þ × 10−5 and ð1–10Þ × 10−4 respectively, at 95% confidence level assuming the Standard Model Higgs boson production cross sections, for Zd masses between 15 and 60 GeV.
Internet Banking: An Empirical Study Of Adoption Rates Among Midwest Community Banks

As the internet becomes more important for commerce, internet websites are playing a more central role in most companies' business plans. The success of internet banking is determined not only by banks or government support, but also by customers' acceptance of it. Online banking acceptance has gained special attention in academic studies during the past several years as banks move toward implementing internet banking as part of their overall strategy. The business benefit of internet banking is to generate additional revenue, improve customer service, extend marketing, and increase cost savings. In accepting the internet and maximizing its potential, there are several stages that firms evolve through that involve different roles. These different stages of changes are reflected in the many levels that are present when firms go through the adaptation of new technology, including internet banking. From the literature review, some key questions were identified, especially to what extent banks should modify their internet services for customers. The aim of this paper was to identify those areas in which the banks could improve or modify their services to increase the adoption rate of internet banking. Data were gathered from non-internet banking users via a survey questionnaire. The results of the respondents were analyzed using Structured Equation Modeling (SEM) from which the hypotheses were tested and conclusions drawn. The results from the survey indicated that customers find it difficult to use internet banking services, which leads to a decrease in the adoption of internet banking.