Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Articulation of word and sentence stress

This paper reports on the articulation of two aspects of speech prosody: word and sentence stress. Word stress is examined in reiterant renditions of minimal pairs differing in the location of main stress (e.g., DIScharge–disCHARGE), with the contrastive stress difference manifested as differences in the location of the nuclear pitch accent. Sentence stress is examined in sets of minimal sentences differing in the presence or location of the nuclear pitch accent (e.g., so TOMMY gave Debby a song from Timmy). Three talkers read these materials while movements of the jaw and tongue (using the Carstens Articulograph) or of 20 reflective infrared markers on the face (using the Qualysis Motion Capture system) were recorded. Syllables with and without contrastive pitch accents are compared along several articulatory dimensions, including: jaw displacement and duration of movement, jaw peak opening and closing velocities, jaw peak acceleration, whole head displacement, and eyebrow displacement. These comparisons allow us to determine whether the talkers articulate the focused syllables/words differently. The three talkers were selected to differ in their overall visual speech intelligibility, as rated by expert deaf speechreaders, and therefore interspeaker differences in articulation are expected. [Work supported by NSF KDI Grant 9996088. ]
On Two-Stage Multiple Comparison Procedures When there are Unequal Sample Sizes in the First Stage

A problem of considerable practical importance when applying multiple comparison procedures is that unequal variances can seriously affect power and the probability of a Type I error. A related problem is getting a precise indication of how many observations are required so that the length of the confidence intervals will be reasonably short. Two-stage procedures have been proposed that give an exact solution to these problems, the first stage being a pilot study for the purpose of obtaining sample estimates of the variances. However, the critical values of these procedures are available only when there are equal sample sizes in the first stage. This paper suggests a method of evaluating the experimentwise Type I error probability when the first stage has unequal sample sizes.
On the relationship between cell balance equations for chemotactic cell populations

This paper considers several cell balance equations describing the time and spatial evolution of the number density of chemotactic cell populations. The conditions are determined under which the three-dimensional cell balance equations of Alt reduce to the simpler, one-dimensional equations of Segel that have been used by Lauffenberger and colleagues to describe chemotaxis of flagellar bacteria and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and to interpret experimental measurements on such systems.
The Importance of Gene—Environment Interaction

Given recent genetic advances, it is not surprising that genetics information is increasingly being used to improve health care. Thousands of conditions caused by single genes (Mendelian diseases) have been identified over the last century. However, Mendelian diseases are rare; thus, few individuals directly benefit from gene identification. In contrast, common complex diseases, such as obesity, breast cancer, and depression, directly affect many more individuals. Common complex diseases are caused by multiple genes, environmental factors, and/or interaction of genetic and environmental factors. This article provides a framework for the successful conduct of gene—environment studies. To accomplish this goal, the basic study designs and procedures of implementation for gene—environment interaction are described. Next, examples of gene—environment interaction in obesity epidemiology are reviewed. Last, the authors review reasons why epidemiological studies that incorporate gene—environment interaction have been unable to demonstrate statistically significant interactions and why conflicting results are reported.
High-mobility window for two-dimensional electron gases at ultrathin AlN∕GaN heterojunctions

High-conductivity two-dimensional electron gases at AlN∕GaN heterojunctions are reported. The sheet densities can be tuned from ∼5×1012∕cm2to∼5×1013∕cm2 by varying the AlN thickness from 2to7nm. A critical thickness is observed beyond which biaxial strain relaxation and cracking of AlN occur, and a degradation of carrier mobility is seen to occur at extremely high sheet densities. A high-mobility window is identified, within which room-temperature mobility exceeding 1000cm2∕Vs. and sheet densities in the (1–3)×1013∕cm2 are obtained, yielding record low sheet resistances in the range of ∼170Ω∕◻. Interface roughness scattering and strain relaxation are identified as the factors preventing lower sheet resistances at present.
A Typological Study of English Monophthongs Acquisition of EFL Learners in Shandong Dialect Area Region

This paper aims to investigate the joint effect of dialect and Mandarin on Shandong (SD) English learners’ vowel production from a typological perspective. We focus on the acoustic features of English vowels produced by learners from Jinan (JN), Jining (JNI), Weifang (WF) and Yantai (YT), in comparison with those produced by American English speakers. Ten English monophthongs and three similar vowels are selected as target samples and their corresponding F1 and F2 formants are employed as parameters in the study. Specifically, the results of the three similar vowels show that: /i/ is more affected by dialect for all the cities; /u/ is more affected by dialect for JN and WF learners, while for JNI and YT learners, /u/ is closer to Mandarin than to the dialect and /a/ produced by SD learners is similar to that of American speakers. Further, the Speech Learning Model (SLM) is employed to explain the analysis results.
On the Origin of ``Dividing Lines'' for Late-Type Giants and Supergiants

We show how a change in the nature of the stellar dyanmo can lead to a transition in the topological character of stellar magnetic fields of evolved stars, from being mainly closed on the blueward side of the giant tracks in the Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram to being mainly open on their redward side. If such a topological transition occurs, then these stars naturally segregate into two classes: those having hot coronae on the blueward side, and those having massive cool winds on the redward side, thus leading naturally to the so-called dividing lines.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI PENGGUNAAN E-WALLET DI INDONESIA

Perkembangan teknologi memengaruhi dunia bisnis, salah satunya sistem pembayaran. Saat ini sistem pembayaran dilakukan dengan cara elektronik atau disebut e-payment. Salah satu jenis e-payment, yaitu e-wallet sering digunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia untuk melakukan pembayaran. Penggunaan e-wallet tidak terhindar dari beberapa isu,, seperti isu keamanan uang electron dan data, isu kepercayaan, dan risiko pencurian uang elektronik dan privasi data (hacker). Penelitan ini meneliti faktor-faktor yang dapat memengaruhi persepsi keamanan, persepsi kepercayaan, persepsi risiko dan perilaku pengguna e-wallet. Penelitian ini merupakan peneelitian kuantitatif yang menyebarkan kuesioner kepada responden. Peneltian ini memiliki 150 responden dan data tersebut diolah dengan menggunakan PLS-SEM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang berdasarkan teknis aplikasi e-wallet, yaitu perlindungan teknis dan pernyataan keamanan sangat memengaruhi persepsi keamanan dan kepercayaan. Sedangkan faktor yang berdasarkan pengalaman pribadi pengguna, yaitu keakraban tidak memengaruhi persepsi kepercayaan dan risiko. Hal ini terjadi karena walaupun pengguna terbiasa, paham, dan tahu tentang proses atau fungsi pelayanan dalam e-wallet tersebut tetapi kepercayaannya terhadap penyelenggara e-wallet masih rendah. Perilaku pengguna e-wallet di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh persepsi keamanan dan persepsi kepercayaan pengguna e-wallet. Sedangkan persepsi risiko pengguna tidak memengaruhi perilaku pengguna dalam menggunakan e-wallet.
Study on the Cellular Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Torularhodin Produced by Sporidiobolus pararoseus ZQHL Isolated from Vinegar Fungus

The red stretcher bacterium Sporidiobolus pararoseus is a high producer of carotenoids such as torularhodin, but its presence in vinegar has not been detected. Moreover, torularhodin has several biological activities, but its effect on the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 inflammatory cell model has also yet to be elucidated. In this study, S. pararoseus was identified in different vinegar samples from China by ITS sequencing. Meanwhile, one of the strains was deeply resolved by whole genome sequencing and functional annotation and named S. pararoseus ZQHL. Subsequently, the antioxidant effect of the fungal carotenoid torularhodin was investigated using in vitro DPPH, ABTS, and cellular models. Finally, LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells were used as an inflammation model to assess torularhodin’s protective effect on inflammatory cells and to determine whether the TLR4 pathway is associated with this process. The results indicate that torularhodin has good free radical scavenging ability in vitro and can contribute to cell viability. More importantly, torularhodin alleviated LPS-induced cellular inflammatory damage and reduced the expression of inflammatory factors such as TLR4, MyD88, and TNF-a. The mechanism may attenuate the cellular inflammatory response by inhibiting the TLR4 inflammatory pathway. In conclusion, torularhodin produced by S. pararoseus fungi in vinegar samples significantly scavenged free radicals in vitro and alleviated RAW 264.7 cellular inflammation by modulating the TLR4 pathway.
Comparative Study of Proximal Femur Bone Tumor Patients Undergoing Hemiarthroplasty versus Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Meta-Analysis

Hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty are routinely performed procedures. A comparison of these procedures in tumor patients can be performed based on complications and functional outcomes. To weigh the advantages and disadvantages of both procedures, a comparative study is indeed required to decide which procedure is more beneficial for primary bone tumor patients. The outcomes of proximal femur tumor-resected patients were collected from research reports from PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar until 30 December 2022. Differences between these two operative procedures in primary bone tumors patients were analyzed based on dislocation, infection, local recurrence, MSTS, and HHS. Six articles were included according to the selection criteria with a total of 360 patients. Our results showed that there was a significant difference in our primary outcome as hemiarthroplasty participants encountered less dislocation than those with total hip arthroplasty. Moreover, the secondary outcomes of our study were similar. Proximal femur bone tumors, when resected, tend to produce more complications and decrease functional ability due to extensive tumor extension and soft tissue involvement. The lower dislocation rate in hemiarthroplasty participants emphasizes the importance of preserving the acetabular head in hemiarthroplasty as a key to preventing dislocation.
Constriction resistance of circular contacts on coated surfaces - Effect of boundary conditions

The thermal constriction resistance of a circular contact spot on a coated half-space is developed for both heat flux and temperature-specified boundary conditions on the contact. Solutions are obtained with the Hankel transform method for flux-specified contacts and with a novel technique of linear superposition for the mixed boundary value problem created by an isothermal contact. A comparison of the results obtained shows that the thermal constriction resistance, which is based on average contact temperature, is insensitive to the contact boundary condition for most practical purposes.
Gain-switched PCF rod type fiber laser

A gain switched pulsed laser based on ytterbium doped rod PCF type fiber is presented. The high performance pump system was based on 976 nm laser diodes incorporating high speed and high current laser diode drivers with active feedback loop based control that enable high pulse to pulse stability. Furthermore the temperature control ensure the adequate output spectrum of the pump laser diodes in order to match maximum of the absorption peak of Yb doped active medium. The pulses duration in range between 48 ns to 75 ns were achieved with peak powers up to 3.6 kW. Further, the change of the laser output spectrum in regard to the pump pulse power is observed.
Experimental demonstration of photonic quantum digital signatures

Digital signature schemes are often used in interconnected computer networks to verify the origin and authenticity of messages. Current classical digital signature schemes based on so-called “one-way functions” rely on computational complexity to provide security over sufficiently long timescales. However, there are currently no mathematical proofs that such functions will always be computationally complex. Quantum digital signatures offers a means of confirming both origin and authenticity of a message with security verified by information theoretical limits. The message cannot be forged or repudiated. We have constructed, tested and analyzed the security of what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first example of an experimental quantum digital signature system.
The Jacobson radical of a band ring

A band is a semigroup in which every element is idempotent. In this note we give an explicit description of the Jacobson radical of the semigroup ring of a band over a ring with unity. It is shown, further, that this radical is nil if and only if the Jacobson radical of the coefficient ring is nil. For the particular case of a normal band (see below for the definition) the Jacobson radical of the band ring is nilpotent if and only if the Jacobson radical of the coefficient ring is nilpotent; but this result does not extend to arbitrary bands.
The Correlation between Optical Spectral Index and Continuum Luminosity Variation in the Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 5548

Using the archived optical spectra of NGC 5548 between 1989 and 2001, we derived the optical spectral index by fitting the spectra in wavelength windows unaffected by strong emission lines. We found that the index is anti-correlated with the continuum luminosity at 5100A with a correlation coefficient of -0.8. Based on the standard thin accretion disk model, we investigated whether the correlation is related to the variations of the dimensionless accretion rate \dot{m} (mass accretion rate in Eddington unit), or the inner radius of the accretion disk R in , or both. The correlation can be modeled well using a co-variable mode of R in / R s =12.5 {˙{m}^{-0.8}} ( R s is Schwarzschild radius). As luminosity increases, \dot{m} increases from 0.05 to 0.16 and at the same time R in decreases from 133.9 R s to 55.5 R s , consistent with the prediction for a transition radius within which an ADAF structure exists. We concluded that the change of both inner accretion radius and the dimensionless accretion rate are key factors for the variations of spectral index and luminosity in the optical band for NGC 5548.
Protein-Balanced Dietary Habits Benefit Cognitive Function in Japanese Older Adults

Since daily dietary habits can affect cognitive function, dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay diet have been proposed as interventions to slow cognitive decline. However, because dietary habits vary widely among different food cultures, it is necessary to establish dietary pattern intervention methods that are appropriate for each population. Therefore, in this study, the dietary patterns of elderly Japanese individuals were classified using cluster analysis, and their relationship with cognitive function was investigated. We then modeled the dietary patterns and applied them to another cohort of elderly Japanese individuals to determine whether differences in dietary patterns could predict cognitive decline. One hundred and fifty older adults ≥ 65 years of age in the community were recruited. Their daily food intake and cognitive function were measured using the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire and Montreal Cognitive Assessment, respectively. K-means cluster analysis identified a high-carbohydrate (HC) dietary pattern with high cereal intake and a protein-balanced (PB) dietary pattern with high intake of legumes, vegetables, seafood, meat, and eggs. Cognitive function was significantly higher in the PB group than in the HC group. Furthermore, to classify the new data into HC and PB patterns, a classification model was created by discriminant analysis using food groups with significantly different intakes among dietary patterns. Next, we recruited 267 new older adults ≥ 65 years of age and measured food intake and cognitive function assessed using the memory performance index score. Individuals with cognitive decline were identified and their detailed cognitive functions were assessed using the neurocognitive index score. Cognitive function was significantly impaired in the HC pattern in both the general elderly and cognitively impaired cohorts. These findings suggest that a dietary pattern of low carbohydrate and high protein intake is associated with good cognitive function in elderly Japanese individuals. Classification by these dietary patterns can predict cognitive reservation in community-dwelling older adults.
Acoustic estimates of vowel centralization in persons who stutter

The magnitude of tongue movement for fluently produced utterances of persons who stutter and those of normally fluent controls was inferred through examination of the vocal tract vowel space. Fifteen adult males served as subjects comprising separate groups of untreated stutterers, stutterers who had completed a fluency‐shaping treatment program, and nonstuttering controls. The steady‐state portion of formant one (F1) and formant two (F2) was examined in the production of various CVC tokens embedded in a carrier phrase. Average F1 and F2 values for |i|, |a|, and |u| were plotted in an F1−F2 vowel space triangle for each subject. The corresponding vowel space was measured by determining the area (Hz2) of the triangle. Results indicated the untreated group of persons who stutter had the smallest average vowel space, while the largest vowel space was observed in the control group. Discussion focuses on the vocal tract articulation characterizing fluent speech production.
On Certain L-Functions

We report briefly on an endoscopic classification of representations by focusing on one aspect of the problem, the question of embedded Hecke eigenvalues. 1. The problem for G By “eigenvalue”, we mean the family of unramified Hecke eigenvalues of an automorphic representation. The question is whether there are any eigenvalues for the discrete spectrum that are also eigenvalues for the continuous spectrum. The answer for classical groups has to be part of any general classification of their automorphic representations. The continuous spectrum is to be understood narrowly in the sense of the spectral theorem. It corresponds to representations in which the continuous induction parameter is unitary. For example, the trivial one-dimensional automorphic representation of the group SL(2) does not represent an embedded eigenvalue. This is because it corresponds to a value of the one-dimensional induction parameter at a nonunitary point in the complex domain. For general linear groups, the absence of embedded eigenvalues has been known for some time. It is a consequence of the classification of Jacquet-Shalika [JS] and Moeglin-Waldspurger [MW]. For other classical groups, the problem leads to interesting combinatorial questions related to the endoscopic comparison of trace formulas. We shall consider the case that G is a (simple) quasisplit symplectic or special orthogonal group over a number field F . Suppose for example that G is split and of rank n. The continuous spectrum of maximal dimension is then parametrized by n-tuples of (unitary) idele class characters. Is there any n-tuple whose unramified Hecke eigenvalue family matches that of an automorphic representation π in the discrete spectrum of G? The answer is no if π is required to have a global Whittaker model. This follows from the work of Cogdell, Kim, Piatetskii-Shapiro and Shahidi 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 22E55, 22E50; Secondary 20G35, 58C40.
Large deformation image matching via volume imagery

We present a new algorithm for large deformation image matching via volume data. The image matching problem is stated as a control problem with the optimal diffeomorphic match constructed a minimize a running smoothness cost on a velocity field generating the diffeomorphism wile simultaneously minimizing a matching end point condition of the imagery. The diffeomorphic deformation field on the image space is generated by numerically integrating the velocity field.
Microstructure of Brain Nuclei in Early Parkinson’s Disease: Longitudinal Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging

Background: Diffusion kurtosis imaging provides in vivo measurement of microstructural tissue characteristics and could help guide management of Parkinson’s disease. Objective: To investigate longitudinal diffusion kurtosis imaging changes on magnetic resonance imaging in the deep grey nuclei in people with early Parkinson’s disease over two years, and whether they correlate with disease progression. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal case-control study of early Parkinson’s disease. 262 people (Parkinson’s disease: n = 185, aged 67.5±9.1 years; 43% female; healthy controls: n = 77, aged 66.6±8.1 years; 53% female) underwent diffusion kurtosis imaging and clinical assessment at baseline and two-year timepoints. We automatically segmented five nuclei, comparing the mean kurtosis and other diffusion kurtosis imaging indices between groups and over time using repeated-measures analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation with the two-year change in Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III. Results: At baseline, mean kurtosis was higher in Parkinson’s disease than controls in the substantia nigra, putamen, thalamus and globus pallidus when adjusting for age, sex, and levodopa equivalent daily dose (p < 0.027). These differences grew over two years, with mean kurtosis increasing for the Parkinson’s disease group while remaining stable for the control group; evident in significant “group ×time” interaction effects for the putamen, thalamus and globus pallidus ( ηp2 = 0.08–0.11, p < 0.015). However, we did not detect significant correlations between increasing mean kurtosis and declining motor function in the Parkinson’s disease group. Conclusion: Diffusion kurtosis imaging of specific grey matter structures shows abnormal microstructure in PD at baseline and abnormal progression in PD over two years.
Improvement of Some Multidimensional Estimates by Reduction of Dimensionality

We consider in this paper a set of kp-variates from which k unbiased estimates of a multidimensional parameter are obtained. Our goal is to propose an improvement of those estimates based on projections onto lower dimensional spaces. The quality of estimation is measured by the mean square error (MSE) of estimation. Asymptotic expansion of these MSEs are given and estimates of these MSEs are proposed for practical use. Finally, several examples of applications are given.