Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sources and Control of Microbial Contamination on Red Meat

The potential for the consumption of raw flesh-foods to be a route for transmission of disease was recognized early in the development of human civilization. Both Biblical and Islamic scriptures contain prohibitions and rules concerning the slaughter of animals for food, which included prescriptions against consuming meat derived from sick or dead animals. Similarly, Greek and Roman scholars acknowledged the connection between food consumed and human health, the Romans regulating hygiene, adulteration and trading practices in civil law, and appointing “market police” to carry out inspections and supervising the disposal of condemned meat into the Tiber River (Bell 1993). While meat production has been regulated by many other societies throughout history, there is considerable evidence that supervision was largely perfunctory until the beginning of the twentieth century. British health reports (1860) noted that up to 20% of meat sold in England was derived from diseased stock (cited in Howarth 1918), while in America, the publication of The Jungle (Sinclair 1906) illustrated vividly the consequences on nonenforcement of regulations and culminated in the enactment of the Meat Inspection Act of 1906, later replaced by the Wholesome Meat Act in 1967, and finally the contemporary regulations discussed elsewhere in this volume. Considerable advances were also made in determining the etiology of food-borne disease during this period. Although the parasites Trichinella spiralis and Taenia solium had been discovered in meat in 1835 and 1850, respectively, the connection between bacteria and food poisoning did not emerge until around 1880, and was subsequently confirmed by Gaertner’s demonstration of gastroenteritis due to the transmission of the bacterium he named Bacillus enteritidis (Salmonella enteritidis) from the flesh of a cow, to the humans that ate it in 1888 (Hardy 1999). Many similar bacteria were isolated thereafter, which stimulated the authorities to incorporate food microbiology into the field of preventative medicine, separate from the legislation that existed relating to chemical adulteration. CONTENTS
Prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depression among Chinese prison officers during the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic

Objective This study examined the prevalence of anxiety and depression—along with the potential risk and protective factors—among Chinese prison officers during the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic. Method A cross-sectional survey of 1,268 officers from five prisons in western and southern China was administered between June and July 2022. The questionnaires comprised two sections. In the first section, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety and depression, respectively, among prison officers. In the second section, the potential influencing factors were examined. Categorical data were compared using χ2 tests and t-tests; binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with anxiety and depression. Results The prevalence rates of anxiety and depression among the prison officers were 72.6% and 69.8%, respectively. Risk factors for anxiety were older age, being unmarried, work–family conflicts, job demands, and COVID-19 burnout; protective factors were exercise, positive family relationships, and group cohesion. Work–family conflicts, job demands, intolerance of uncertainty regarding COVID-19, and COVID-19 burnout were risk factors for depression, whereas annual income >150,000 RMB, exercise, positive family relationships, group cohesion, and job autonomy were protective factors against depression. Conclusion The prevalence of anxiety and depression among Chinese prison officers was relatively high during the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, and more targeted measures should be implemented to improve their mental health. This study offers a reference for improving prison officers’ mental health in response to similar public health emergencies in the future.
Approaches and issues in valuing the costs of inaction of air pollution on human health

This paper presents a review of existing approaches to estimate the costs of inaction, as well as the benefits of policy action, for air pollution. It focuses primarily on health impacts from air pollution. The paper presents the “impact pathway approach”, which includes various steps in the analysis of the costs of air pollution. These include quantifying emissions, calculating the concentrations of the pollutants, applying epidemiologic studies to calculate the physical health effects and applying valuation methods to calculate the economic costs of the health impacts. The report also reviews applications of the impact pathway approach to applied economic studies that aim at calculating the macroeconomic costs of air pollution. It proposes possible approaches for including the feedbacks from the health impacts of air pollution in an applied economic framework. While ideally this requires serious modifications of the modelling frameworks and an improvement of the available empirical results, some impacts, such as changes in health expenditures and labour productivity, can easily been incorporated, following the literature on the economic costs of the health impacts of climate change. Ce document presente une revue des etudes existantes qui estiment les couts de l'inaction, ainsi que les effets benefiques de l'action politique, relatif a la pollution de l'air. Il se concentre principalement sur les impacts de la pollution atmospherique sur la sante. Le document presente l'approche qui se base sur une "analyse de voies d'impact” et ses differentes etapes. Il s’agit notamment de quantifier les emissions, de calculer des concentrations de polluants, d’appliquer les resultats des etudes epidemiologiques pour calculer les effets sur la sante physique et des methodes d'evaluation pour calculer les couts economiques des impacts sur la sante. Le rapport passe egalement en revue les applications de l'analyse de voies d'impact dans les etudes economiques appliquees qui calculent les couts macroeconomiques de la pollution de l'air. Il propose des strategies possibles pour inclure une evaluation des impacts de la pollution de l'air sur la sante dans un modele economique appliquee. Bien qu'idealement cela necessite des modifications importantes des cadres de modelisation et une plus grande disponibilite des resultats empiriques, certains impacts tels que les changements de depenses de sante et de productivite du travail peuvent facilement etre incorpores en se basant sur la litterature sur les couts economiques des impacts sur la sante lies au changement climatique.
Analytical Chemistry of Uranium: Environmental, Forensic, Nuclear, and Toxicological Applications

Division of Waste Management and Radiation Control Utah Chemistry Help | Chegg.comUranium WikipediaNuclear Energy Basics: How Is Power Produced? Home ACZ LaboratoriesSolvent Extraction an overview | ScienceDirect TopicsUranium | U (Element) PubChemUranium 235 an overview | ScienceDirect TopicsEnvironmental Science & Technology Letters | 标准期刊缩写 . Energy and Environmental Sciences | 标准期刊缩写 (ISO4 (PDF) Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry9th Edition Search NY Labs Current scope as ofFreshwater environmental quality parameters WikipediaWhat is a Geologic Map? Analytical Chemistry(PDF) Environmental Chemistry-Manahan (7th Edition)-Ebook Uranium | U PubChemAnalytical Chemistry MSc degree course London Environmental Analytical Laboratories | Saskatchewan Hyperstoichiometric Uranium Dioxides: Rapid Synthesis and List of Chemistry Articles BYJU'S Chemistry Articles LibraryNortheast Laboratory Services: Answers for a Healthier PCCL Physics and Chemistry by a Clear LearningChemistry Introduction, Branches, Concepts, Free Resources
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Soils are the largest terrestrial pool of mercury (Hg), a neurotoxic pollutant. Pathways of Hg accumulation and loss in forest soils include throughfall, litterfall, soil gas fluxes, and leaching in soil solution, all of which will likely be altered under changing climate. We took advantage of three ongoing climate-change manipulation experiments at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA: a combined growing season-warming and winter-freeze–thaw cycle experiment; a throughfall exclusion to mimic drought; and a simulated ice storm experiment, to examine the response of the forest Hg cycle to climatic disturbances. Across these three experiments, we compared Hg inputs in throughfall and leaf litterfall and Hg outputs in soil gas fluxes. Soil solution was measured only in the simulated ice storm experiment. We found that northern forest soils retained consistently less Hg, by 16–60% in three climate manipulations compared to the undisturbed controls (~ 7.4 µg Hg m −2 year −1 ), although soils across all three experiments still served as a net sink for Hg. Growing season soil warming and combined soil warming and winter freeze–thaw cycles had little effect on litterfall and throughfall flux, but they increased soil Hg 0 evasion by 31 and 35%, respectively, relative to the control plots. The drought plots had 5% lower litterfall Hg flux, 50% lower throughfall Hg flux, and 21% lower soil Hg 0 evasion than the control plots. The simulated ice storm had 23% higher litterfall Hg flux, 1% higher throughfall Hg flux, 37% higher soil Hg 0 evasion, and 151% higher soil Hg leaching than the control plots. These observations suggest that climate changes such as warmer soils in the growing season or more intense ice storms in winter are likely to exacerbate Hg pollution by releasing Hg sequestered in forest soils via evasion and leaching
MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ Mestrado em Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária

MASTER DISSERTATION IN PARASITE BIOLOGY Paolla Roberta de Paula Pereira Pinto The Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan of the genus Leishmania. More than 200 countries are endemic for this disease, with an estimated 350 million people at risk. The transmission occurs when the vector insect regurgitates parasites in the dermis of the mammalian host. Resident and inflammatory cells are attracted to the infection site, and endocytosis can occur and initiate an immune response to the parasite. Fibrocytes are known as hematopoietic cells that express CD45 pan-leukocyte protein and produce extracellular matrix proteins, for example, collagen I. Studies have defined the participation of fibrocytes in pathological processes, suggesting a central role in the repair of the lesion in infectious diseases. Analyses in vitro infection with L. amazonensis promastigotes, fibrocytes from BALB/c mice phagocytosed and infected the infection after 72h of interaction. However, there are no studies on the role of human fibrocytes in leishmaniasis. In this context, we began the analyses of the in vitro interaction of human fibrocytes using L. amazonensis promastigotes, and for this, the primary culture was established and, from the 15th day, the perceptions of fibrocytes were infected and analyzed by different techniques. For the phenotypic characterization of these cells, we used double anti-CD45 / HSP47 labelling which proved to be an excellent strategy for the identification of human fibrocytes. The evaluation of the interaction showed that the fibrocytes recognize the parasite, through ultrastructural analyses we observed that the fibrocytes emit cytoplasmic projections that rolled up the parasites favoring phagocytosis. After 15 days of interaction, we noted that this cell group is susceptible to infection by L. amazonensis, as we observed the differentiation of promastigotes into amastigotes, as well as their multiplication within parasitophorous vacuoles. The amastigotes were able to break down the cells and re-infect other fibrocytes. From the analysis of the production of the inflammatory chemical mediators, we verified that the fibrocytes respond to the infection with the production of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines during the times established in this study, making favorable the conditions for the establishment of the infection. These results allow us to suggest that human fibrocytes may serve as host cells in the initial response and the development of cutaneous leishmaniasis because parasites of the Leishmania genus modulates the response of human fibrocytes, multiplies, breaks the cell, and is released to infect other types cells or the fibrocyte itself.
Mainstreaming climate change concerns in development: Issues and challenges for Asia

Climate change is perhaps the most critical global challenge of the 21st century. Many Asian countries are facing impacts of climate change in the form of frequent extreme events such as droughts, floods, cyclones, and heat waves. In addition, the ecosystems of island and low-lying coastal countries are increasingly threatened by rising sea levels. As Asian countries cover a vast area and are highly diverse with respect to population, size, altitude, climate and economic development, impacts of climate change in each country and among different regions will obviously be diverse. The high vulnerability is related to the heavy dependence of countries on climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and tourism. Indeed, according to one source, Asia bears the brunt of 90 per cent of global climate-related catastrophes with over a half a million lives directly lost in major climate events since the 1970s (DFID, 2004). Future climate change can exacerbate such trends, with catastrophic consequences for Asia’s citizens in, for example, food insecurity through disruptions in agriculture from possible shifts in growing seasons, water shortages due to changing monsoon patterns, and poor health due to rapid spread of tropical diseases. Because of this, Asian policy-makers cannot afford to ignore climate change risks in development. Designing and implementing appropriate climate change policies across Asia is, therefore, essential for a sustainable Asia (World Bank, 2003; Simms et al., 2004; Reid and Alam, 2005).
DECOUVERTE D'OPHIURES DANS LES CALCAIRES LITHOGRAPHIQUES DE CERIN (KIMMERIDGIEN SUPERIEUR, AIN, FRANCE). SYSTEMATIQUE ET IMPLICATIONS TAPHONOMIQUES

Remains of ophiuroids discovered during the systematic exploration of the lithographic limestones (Upper Kimmeridgian, Jura Mountains, Ain, France) in the Cerin excavation are described. These ophiuroids belong mostly to the species Ophiopsammus? kelheimensis (Boehm). The taphonomical framework squares well with facts previously established on the limestones of Cerin. This study suggests that the echinoderm fauna is allochthonous, especially the ophiuroids. Once they had dried out and hardened during exundations, biological remains were fixed by films of possible microbial origin
Visibility through the gaseous smoke in airborne remote sensing using a DSLR camera

Visibility and clarity of remotely sensed images acquired by consumer grade DSLR cameras, mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle or a manned aircraft, are critical factors in obtaining accurate and detailed information from any area of interest. The presence of substantial haze, fog or gaseous smoke particles; caused, for example, by an active bushfire at the time of data capture, will dramatically reduce image visibility and quality. Although most modern hyperspectral imaging sensors are capable of capturing a large number of narrow range bands of the shortwave and thermal infrared spectral range, which have the potential to penetrate smoke and haze, the resulting images do not contain sufficient spatial detail to enable locating important objects or assist search and rescue or similar applications which require high resolution information. We introduce a new method for penetrating gaseous smoke without compromising spatial resolution using a single modified DSLR camera in conjunction with image processing techniques which effectively improves the visibility of objects in the captured images. This is achieved by modifying a DSLR camera and adding a custom optical filter to enable it to capture wavelengths from 480-1200nm (R, G and Near Infrared) instead of the standard RGB bands (400-700nm). With this modified camera mounted on an aircraft, images were acquired over an area polluted by gaseous smoke from an active bushfire. Processed data using our proposed method shows significant visibility improvements compared with other existing solutions.
Agroforestry and Grass Buffer Effects on Pore Characteristics Measured by High‐Resolution X‐ray Computed Tomography

Agroforestry and grass buffers can improve infiltration and reduce runoff from row-crop agriculture. The objective of this study was to examine buffer effects on soil porosity using high-resolution x-ray computed tomography (CT). Treatments studied were agroforestry buffer, grass buffer, and row crop (RC) on a Putnam silt loam (fine, smectitic, mesic Vertic Albaqualf). A no-till corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] rotation was established in 1991, with buffers implemented in 1997. Agroforestry buffers, 4.5 m wide and 36.5 m apart, consisted of pin oak (Quercus palustris Munchh.) trees planted among redtop (Agrostis gigantea Roth) and brome (Bromus spp.) grasses and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). Two replicates of intact soil cores (76-mm diam. by 76-mm long) were collected from the 0- to 100-mm depth. Cores were scanned at a voxel size of 73 by 73 by 84 μm. Images were analyzed with Three-Dimensional Medial Axis (3DMA) software. The average pore paths for grass and agroforestry buffer samples were three and five times greater, respectively, than for RC. On average, buffer samples had a 33% higher characteristic coordination number than RC samples. Buffer samples had a higher characteristic path length constant (2.18 times the RC treatment) and an average lower path tortuosity (89% of the RC treatment) relative to values for RC. Average nodal pore volume and throat radii of buffers were 1.8 and 2.9 times larger, respectively, than for RC. Results show that three-dimensional structural differences caused by variations in root growth or organic matter accumulation discriminated between buffer and row crop soil, allowing better quantification of management effects on soil porosity.
Vertical Integration and Exclusivity in Platform and Two-Sided Markets

This paper measures the impact of vertically integrated and exclusive software on industry structure and welfare in the sixth-generation of the US video game industry (2000-2005). I specify and estimate a dynamic model of both consumer demand for hardware and software products, and software demand for hardware platforms. I use estimates to simulate market outcomes had platforms been unable to own or contract exclusively with software. Driven by increased software compatibility, hardware and software sales would have increased by 7 percent and 58 percent and consumer welfare by $1.5 billion. Gains would be realized only by the incumbent, suggesting exclusivity favored the entrant platforms.
Subducted lithosphere controls halogen enrichments in the Iceland mantle plume source

The chlorine isotope composition of Earth’s interior can place strong constraints on deep-Earth cycling of halogens and the origin of mantle chemical heterogeneity. However, all mantle-derived volcanic samples studied for Cl isotopes thus far originate from submarine volcanic systems, where the influence of seawater-derived Cl is pervasive. Here, we present Cl isotope data from subglacial volcanic glasses from Iceland, where the mid-ocean ridge system emerges above sea level and is free of seawater influence. The Iceland data display significant variability in δ 37 Cl values, from −1.8‰ to +1.4‰, and are devoid of regional controls. The absence of correlations between Cl and O isotope ratios and the lack of evidence for seawater-derived enrichments in Cl indicate that the variation in δ 37 Cl values in Icelandic basalts can be solely attributed to mantle heterogeneity. Indeed, positive correlations are evident between δ 37 Cl values and incompatible trace element ratios (e.g., La/Y), and long-lived radiogenic Pb isotope ratios. The data are consistent with the incorporation of altered lithosphere, including the uppermost sedimentary package, subducted into the Iceland mantle plume source, resulting in notable halogen enrichments in Icelandic basalts relative to lavas from adjacent mid-ocean ridges.
Stress drop estimates and hypocenter relocations of induced seismicity near Crooked Lake, Alberta

We use a sequence of induced earthquakes near Crooked Lake, Alberta, to investigate the physical differences between induced and tectonic earthquakes. Starting with the Natural Resources Canada earthquake catalogue, we use a spectral ratio method to calculate the static stress drops of a group of relocated earthquakes ranging from December 2013 to June 2015. We find that stress drops fall within the high side of the typical reported range of tectonic events and show no correlation with earthquake magnitude, depth, or distance from the well. The stress drops appear roughly constant for events with Mw 3 to 4. Relocated hypocenters cluster both spatially and temporally around corresponding injection wells and appear to migrate deeper with increasing time from injection. Fine‐scale lineations apparent in relocated hypocenters could indicate the presence and orientation of fault planes, consistent with the published focal mechanism solutions of M 4+ events in the area.
Public health round-up

Ebola outbreak response activities, including vaccination, infection prevention and control and surveillance, in Butembo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo were suspended for several days in early May after a series of violent incidents. The incidents included an attack on the city centre by 50 militia members on 8 May. The attack was repelled by security forces in an intense exchange of gunfire close to World Health Organization (WHO) staff accommodation. Ebola epidemic response activities had partially resumed by 9 May. The incidents followed the 19 April attack on Butembo University Hospital in which Richard Valery Mouzoko Kiboung died from a gunshot wound, sustained while chairing a meeting with health workers. WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus and WHO Regional Director for Africa, Matshidiso Moeti, visited Butembo on 30 April to show support to WHO and partner organization staff, and to discuss how to strengthen security and the Ebola response effort. They also met local political, business and religious leaders and called on them to accelerate their efforts to stabilize the surrounding environment. “Some would have Ebola drive us apart. We can only defeat it if we all work together,” Moeti said. The Director-General and Regional Director urged the international community to step up support to contain the Ebola outbreak, including filling the funding gap that threatens to compromise the Ebola response. Ebola virus transmission remains focused on the Beni, Butembo, Mabalako, Mandima, Musienene, Kalunguta and Katwa health zones, which together account for 93% of the 303 cases reported between 17 April and 7 May. As of 11 May, a total of 1680 confirmed and probable Ebola cases had been reported, and 1117 people had died. https://www.who. int/csr/don/09may-2019-ebola-drc/en/
University of Miami

I. PERSONAL 2. Name: Antonello Pileggi, M.D., Ph.D. 3. Home Phone: 4. Office Phone: +1(305)243-2924 E-mail: apileggi@med.miami. edu 5. Home Address: 6. Current Academic Rank: Research Assistant Professor of Surgery 6a. Current Track of Appointment: Research Track 7. Primary Department: DeWitt-Daughtry Family Department of Surgery 8. Secondary or Joint Departmental Appointments: N/A 9. Citizenship: Italian 10. Visa Type (if non-citizen): Permanent U.S. Resident