Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MEF: Malicious Email Filter - A UNIX Mail Filter That Detects Malicious Windows Executables

We present Malicious Email Filter, MEF, a freely distributed malicious binary filter incorporated into Procmail that can detect malicious Windows attachments by integrating with a UNIX mail server. The system has three capabilities: detection of known and unknown malicious attachments, tracking the propagation of malicious attachments and efficient model update algorithms. The system filters multiple malicious attachments in an email by using detection models obtained from data mining over known malicious attachments. It leverages preliminary research in data mining applied to malicious executables which allows the detection of previously unseen, malicious attachments. In addition, the system provides a method for monitoring and measurement of the spread of malicious attachments. Finally, the system also allows for the efficient propagation of detection models from a central server. These updated models can be downloaded by a system administrator and easily incorporated into the current model. The system will be released under GPL in June 2001.
The Effect of Trees on Crime in Portland, Oregon

The authors estimate the relationship between trees and three crime aggregates (all crime, violent crime, and property crime) and two individual crimes (burglary and vandalism) in Portland, Oregon. During the study period (2005-2007), 431 crimes were reported at the 2,813 single-family homes in our sample. In general, the authors find that trees in the public right of way are associated with lower crime rates. The relationship between crime and trees on a house’s lot is mixed. Smaller, view-obstructing trees are associated with increased crime, whereas larger trees are associated with reduced crime. The authors speculate that trees may reduce crime by signaling to potential criminals that a house is better cared for and, therefore, subject to more effective authority than a comparable house with fewer trees.
Split-Step Fourier Migration

The split‐step Fourier method is developed and applied to migrating stacked seismic data in two and three dimensions. This migration method, which is implemented in both the frequency‐wavenumber and frequency‐space domains, takes into account laterally varying velocity by defining a reference slowness (reciprocal of velocity) as the mean slowness in the migration interval and a perturbation term that is spatially varying. The mean slowness defines a reference vertical wavenumber which is used in the frequency‐wavenumber domain to downward continue the data across a depth interval as in constant‐velocity phase‐shift migration. The perturbation term is used to define a “source” contribution that is taken into account by the application of a second phase shift in the frequency‐space domain. Since the method does not include the effects of second and higher order spatial derivatives of the slowness field, the method theoretically is accurate only when there are no rapid lateral slowness variations combined wi.
Phenotypical Manifestations of Mutations in the Genes Encoding Subunits of the Cardiac Voltage–Dependent L-Type Calcium Channel

The L-type cardiac calcium channel (LTCC) plays a prominent role in the electric and mechanical function of the heart. Mutations in the LTCC have been associated with a number of inherited cardiac arrhythmia syndromes, including Timothy, Brugada, and early repolarization syndromes. Elucidation of the genetic defects associated with these syndromes has led to a better understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms and the development of novel therapeutic approaches to dealing with the arrhythmic manifestations. This review provides an overview of the molecular structure and function of the LTCC, the genetic defects in these channels known to contribute to inherited disorders, and the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms contributing to the development of life-threatening arrhythmias.
ON THE ORIGINS OF THE FRANCO-GERMAN EMU CONTROVERSIES

As this paper is part of an ongoing research project on economic thought and European integration, I am indebted to many persons for fascinating discussions and suggestions. A special word of thanks goes to J.-P. Abraham, P. Achard, M. Albert, R. Barre, N. Bartholdy, J.-R. Bernard, S. Bertholomé, G. Brouhns, J. de Larosière, A. de Lattre, G. de Panafieu, H. Famerée, L. Gleske, J. Godeaux, G. Grosche, O. Issing, A. Kees, M. Lahnstein, D. Laidler, A. Louw, Ph. Maystadt, J. Michielsen, B. Molitor, F. Mongelli, F. -X. Ortoli, C. Panico, J.-C. Paye, W. Pluym, G. Ravasio, J.-J. Rey, J. Rollo, L. Schubert, J. Smets, G. Tavlas, H. Tietmeyer, J. Vignon, H. von der Groeben and two anonymous referees. Earlier drafts have been presented at seminars at the European Central Bank, Danmarks Nationalbank, the Università Federico II, the Sussex European Institute and meetings of the University Association of Contemporary European Studies and the European Society for the History of Economic Thought. The usual disclaimers apply.
HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE AND OTHER CHOREAS

Choreic movements are rapid, purposeless, flowing motor jerks. Choreic movements result from pathologic changes or dysfunction of deep brain structures, predominantly the striatum and subthalamic nucleus and their interconnections. While the prototypic neurodegenerative chorea is Huntington's disease, chorea can be seen in a number of basal ganglia disorders and as a complication of medical, metabolic, and pharmacologic changes. The movements can be reduced by medications that reduce dopaminergic neurotransmission or in some cases medications that influence γ-aminobutyric acid or other neurochemicals.
Interactive comment on “On the verification of climate reconstructions” by G. Bürger and U. Cubasch

1). I agree with the Burger and Cubasch results and conclusions in general. Indeed, all NH reconstructions published to date gives a qualitative information only: For example, MWP and the Current Warming are warmer than LIA. But it is impossible to conclude with a certainty: either CW or MWP is warmer. It is even more so as concern centennial and decadal variations because these latter variations usually are of regional character.
Determination of Contact Angle from Contact Area of Liquid Droplet Spreading on Solid Substrate

Both complete and incomplete wetting were considered for the spreading of liquid drops on solid substrate. The liquid droplets were silicone oil, glycerine and hexadecane and the solid substrates are glass, polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Wetting was characterized by measuring the contact angle formed between the liquid drop and solid surface. Small droplets of constant volume were used for the measurements in order to minimize gravitational effects. The contact radius was obtained as a function of time by an image analysis system and used for the calculation of the contact area. The contact area was then used to determine the contact angle. The contact angles calculated from contact area are in good agreement with the experimental values.
Impact of aerosols on regional climate in southern and northern China during strong/weak East Asian summer monsoon years

In this work, we mainly simulate the effects of aerosols on regional climate in southern China (SC) and northern China (NC) and compare the differences of aerosol climatic effects in strong/weak summer monsoon years with a modified regional climate model RegCM4. The results show that the total climatic effects of aerosols cause the decline of averaged air temperature and precipitation of SC and NC in summer. In NC, the strength of temperature drop in strong summer monsoon years is higher than that in weak summer monsoon years, indicating the possible impact from the different changes of radiation, circulation, and precipitation. The decrease of precipitation is more significant in NC in weak summer monsoon years, while it is stronger in SC in strong summer monsoon years due to the difference of aerosol distribution as well as the effects on circulation and cloud microphysics processes. Besides, aerosol effects also cause a decrease of zonal wind at 850 hPa in SC and an increase in NC. The cooling center is more northerly and stronger in strong monsoon year, while it is more southerly and weaker in weak summer monsoon years, which results in the differences of vertical circulation anomaly and meridional wind anomaly at 850 hPa. In weak summer monsoon years, meridional wind at 850 hPa is increased in NC, while it is found to be decreased in SC. In strong summer monsoon years, meridional winds at 850 hPa in both NC and SC are weakened. However, the decrease in SC is much more distinct and clear.
On the Community Participation in Tourism Planning

With Yulong River Tourist Attraction in Yangshuo, Guilin as an example, the paper puts forwards and analyses the main strategies forpublic participation in tourism development by the residents in Yangshuo Yulong River Tourist Attraction area, such as providing the residentswith the opportunities to participate in the tourism planning and decision-making in tourism development and educating and training the residents,etc. The paper further points out that residents in the community are core power in development of local tourism and the participation by theresidents in the community is necessary not only for the sustainable development of tourism but for the development of the community itself.
Glycinergic Transmission: Physiological, Developmental and Pathological Implications

The last few years have seen remarkable developments in our understanding of the physiology, pharmacology and genetics of inhibitory glycinergic synapses. In part, this has been due to the development of new resources such as specific antisera recognizing glycine receptor (GlyR) and transporter (GlyT) subtypes, but also the characterization of new mouse, zebrafish and bovine genetic models of glycinergic dysfunction. What is also evident is the high quality and impact of the research conducted in this field. This is reflected in the reviews and research articles in this Special Issue entitled “Glycinergic transmission: physiological, developmental and pathological implications”.
Informal Sector in Developed and less Developed Countries: A Literature Survey

The main goal of this study is two-fold: (1) to provide a general overview of thecontributions to the literature on the informal sector, with a special focus on the PublicChoice approach; and (2) to compare these contributions across two institutionallydifferent types of countries: developed and less developed (developing and transition)countries. The paper focuses on the criteria used to define the informal sector, therelationship between the formal and informal economy, tax evasion, and PublicChoice analysis. It is stressed throughout this paper that the distinction between thetwo types of countries is of key importance.
Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício

Objetivo: Verificar a variação da pressão intraocular decorrente do uso de óculos de natação. Métodos: Nove nadadores (5 homens e 4 mulheres), com idade entre 18 e 25 anos tiveram sua PIO medida em seis diferentes momentos. Momento 1): pré teste, momento 2): após 10 minutos sentados vestindo óculos de natação, momento 3): quinze minutos após o momento 2, momento 4): após 10 minutos dentro da piscina sem usar óculos de natação, momento 5): imediatamente após nadar 400 metros usando o óculos de natação, momento 6): doze minutos após o termino do nado. Foi utilizado como procedimento estatístico o teste ANOVA e o pós teste de Bonferonni. Resultados: Não houve alteração significativa após 10 minutos de uso do óculos de natação (p˃0.05); não houve alteração significativa da PIO após 10 minutos de permanência dentro da piscina sem usar óculos de natação (p˃0.05); houve redução significativo da PIO (p˂0.01) imediatamente após os 400 metros de nado, retornando próximo aos valores iniciais 12 minutos após o termino do teste. Conclusão: houve redução significativa da PIO após 400 metros de nado, retornando aos valores iniciais 12 minutos após o término do teste.
Employment Patterns in OECD Countries: Reassessing the Role of Policies and Institutions. OECD Economics Department Working Papers No. 486.

This paper explores the impact of policies and institutions on employment and unemployment of OECD countries in the past decades. Reduced-form unemployment equations, consistent with standard wage setting/pricesetting models, are estimated using cross-country/time-series data from 21 OECD countries over the period 1982- 2003. In the “average” OECD country, high and long-lasting unemployment benefits, high tax wedges and stringent anti-competitive product market regulation are found to increase aggregate unemployment. By contrast, highly centralised and/or coordinated wage bargaining systems are estimated to reduce unemployment. These findings are robust across specifications, datasets and econometric methods. As policies and institutions affect employment not only via their impact on aggregate unemployment but also through their effects on labour market participation - particularly for those groups “at the margin” of the labour market, group-specific employment rate equations are also estimated. In the “average” OECD country, high unemployment benefits and high tax wedges are found to be associated with lower employment prospects for all groups studied, namely prime-age males, females, older workers and youths. There is also evidence that group-specific policy determinants matter, such as targeted fiscal incentives. Cet article explore l’impact des politiques et des institutions sur l’emploi et le chomage dans les pays de l’OCDE au cours des dernieres decennies. Des equations reduites de taux de chomage, telles que derivees par exemple d’un modele de negociations salariales, sont estimees sur un panel de 21 pays de l’OCDE sur la periode 1982-2003. Il ressort que, dans le pays « moyen » de l'OCDE, le taux moyen de remplacement des indemnites chomage, le coin fiscalo-social et le degre de reglementation des marches de produits augmentent le taux de chomage structurel. A contrario, il apparait qu’un haut degre de centralisation/co-ordination des negociations salariales reduit le chomage structurel. Ces resultats sont robustes a des changements de specification, d’echantillon et de methode d’estimation econometrique. Etant donne que les politiques et les institutions affectent l’emploi non seulement via leur impact sur le chomage mais aussi au travers de leurs effets sur la participation au marche du travail –en particulier pour les groupes « a la marge » du marche du travail, des equations d’emploi par groupes sont egalement estimees. Il ressort que dans le pays « moyen » de l’OCDE, le taux de remplacement des indemnites chomage et le coin fiscalo-social reduisent les perspectives d’emplois de chacun des groupes etudies, a savoir les hommes de 25 a 55 ans, les femmes, les travailleurs âges et les jeunes. Certains determinants specifiques a chaque groupe jouent egalement un role, en particulier les incitations fiscales ciblees.
Psychometric characteristics of the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT) as an early detection instrument for dementia and mild cognitive impairment in Brazil

ABSTRACT Background: The Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT) assesses everyday memory by means of tasks which mimic daily challenges. The objective was to examine the validity of the Brazilian version of the RBMT to detect cognitive decline. Methods: 195 older adults were diagnosed as normal controls (NC) or with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD) by a multidisciplinary team, after participants completed clinical and neuropsychological protocols. Results: Cronbach's α was high for the total sample for the RBMT profile (PS) and screening scores (SS) (PS = 0.91, SS = 0.87) and for the AD group (PS = 0.84, SS = 0.85), and moderate for the MCI (PS = 0.62, SS = 0.55) and NC (PS = 0.62, SS = 0.60) groups. RBMT total scores, Appointment, Pictures, Immediate and Delayed Story, Immediate and Delayed Route, Delayed Message and Date contributed to differentiate NC from MCI. ROC curve analyses indicated high accuracy to differentiate NC from AD patients, and, moderate accuracy to differentiate NC from MCI. Conclusions: The Brazilian version of the RBMT seems to be an appropriate instrument to identify memory decline in Brazilian older adults.
Rank-Date Distribution Method (R-D Method) For Daily Time-Series Bayesian Networks And Total Maximum Daily Load Estimation

113 Introduction . 114 Methods. 116 Bayesian Network . 116 Water-Related Data . 118 Bayesian Network (BN) Construction . 123 viii Categorizing Variable State for BN 1 . 128 Categorizing Variables of BN 2 . 129 Bayesian Network Simulation . 132 Results . 134 Effects of Conservation Project and Exogenous Factors on TP Load and TP Concentration on the Stream above Hyrum Reservoir . 134 Effects of Conservation Project and Exogenous Factors on TP Load and TP Concentration in the Stream below Hyrum Reservoir . 140 Discussion . 146 Summary and Conclusion . 152 References . 153 6. TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL) FOR TOTAL PHOSPHORUS AT THE MOUTH OF THE LITTLE BEAR RIVER . 156 Abstract . 156 Introduction . 157 Methods. 159 Data Collection . 159 RankData Distribution Method (R-D method) . 160 TMDL Using Load Duration Curve and Total Sum of Daily Loads and Flows . 166 Results . 172 Discussion . 177 Summary and Conclusions . 181 References . 182 7. HIGH RESOLUTION BAYESIAN NETWORK TO EVALUATE EFFECTS OF WATER QUALITY CONSERVATION PRACTICES . 184 Abstract . 184 Introduction . 185 Methods. 187 Bayesian Network . 187 Water-Related Data . 189. 184 Introduction . 185 Methods. 187 Bayesian Network . 187 Water-Related Data . 189 ix Bayesian Network (BN) Construction . 191 Categorizing Variables of High Resolution BN . 192 Bayesian Network Simulation . 194 Rank-Data Distribution Method (R-D method) . 197 Results . 199 Effects of Conservation Practice (LBRCP) and Exogenous Variables . 199 TP Concentration Time Series by R-D Method . 201 Discussion . 204 Summary and Conclusions . 206 References . 207 8. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS . 209 Characteristics of Little Bear River Watershed . 209 Filling Data Gaps by a Rank-Data Distribution Method (R-D Method). 210 Bayesian Network to Evaluate Effects of the Little Bear River Water Quality Conservation Project.211 Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for Total Phosphorus at the Mouth of the Little Bear River . 212 High Resolution Bayesian Network to Evaluate Effects of Water Quality Conservation Practices . 213 9. ENGINEERING SIGNIFICANCE . 215 10. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH . 217 APPENDIX . 221 CURRICULUM VITAE . 244
Clay mapping using electromagnetic methods

Conductive water-saturated clays occur in weathered layers, fracture zones, and unconsolidated sediments. Generally, clays are not as conductive as massive sulphides or graphitic sediments, but their resistivity is less than that of fresh igneous and metamorphic rocks. Clay conductors can be detected by modern ground and airborne electromagnetic (EM) systems. A fully developed weathering layer consists of several horizons (from bottom to top): zone of fractured rock, saprolite, leached zone, mottled zone, and duricrust. Electrical properties of the weathered layer depend on the type of clay present and its water content. The most conductive horizon is saprolite; duricrust is the most resistive. Saprolite developed over mafic and ultramafic rocks is more conductive than that formed over felsic rocks, hence the results of resistivity or EM surveys can be used for pseudogeological mapping. Examples from the Itapicuru greenstone belt in Bahia, Brazil, a crystalline area near Nantes, France, and the Rice Lake greenstone belt in Manitoba, Canada, demonstrate that mafic and ultramafic rocks can be identified by airborne EM surveys. Often, as in the three areas shown, mafic rocks are not magnetic. In tropical areas, outcrops are scant and mapping of soil colour differences often results in some formations being missed or incorrectly outlined. In regions of temperate elimate (e.g. France), a thin cover of Quaternary sediments makes mapping of the underlying lithological units difficult. In areas covered by glacial sediments (e.g. Canada), the continuity of formations may not be obvious from existing outcrops. The extent of weathered layers in countries of temperate and cold climate is larger than previously thought. Conductive saprolite may also be preserved in a sedimentary sequence below basal sediments. Such a situation is demonstrated in borehole resistivity data from Bells Corners, Ontario, Canada. Resistivity and EM measurements can be used to map the extent and thickness of Quaternary clays. Examples of such measurements are given from the Sennecey test site, near Dijon, France.
Quantifying Anthropogenically Driven Morphologic Changes on a Barrier Island: Fire Island National Seashore, New York

Abstract KRATZMANN, M.G. and HAPKE, C.J., 2012. Quantifying anthropogenically driven morphologic changes on a barrier island: Fire Island National Seashore, New York. Beach scraping, beach replenishment, and the presence of moderate development have altered the morphology of the dune–beach system at Fire Island National Seashore, located on a barrier island on the south coast of Long Island, New York. Seventeen communities are interspersed with sections of natural, nonmodified land within the park boundary. Beach width, dune elevation change, volume change, and shoreline change were calculated from light detection and ranging (LIDAR), real-time kinematic global positioning system (RTK GPS), and beach profile data sets at two ∼4 km long study sites. Each site contains both modified (developed, replenished, and/or scraped) and nonmodified (natural) areas. The analysis spans 9 years, from 1998 to 2007, which encompasses both scraping and replenishment events at Fire Island. The objectives of this study were to quantify and compare morphological changes in modified and nonmodified zones, and to identify erosional areas within the study sites. Areas of increased volume and shoreline accretion were observed at both sites and at the western site are consistent with sand replenishment activities. The results indicate that from 1998 to 2007 locations backed by development and that employed beach scraping and/or replenishment as erosion control measures experienced more loss of volume, width, and dune elevation as compared with adjacent nonmodified areas. A detailed analysis of one specific modification, beach scraping, shows distinct morphological differences in scraped areas relative to nonscraped areas of the beach. In general, scraped areas where there is development on the dunes showed decreases in all measured parameters and are more likely to experience overwash during storm events. Furthermore, the rapid mobilization of material from the anthropogenic (scraped) dune results in increased beach accretion downcoast. National park lands are immediately adjacent to developed areas on Fire Island, and even relatively small human-induced modifications can affect park resources and beach–dune response to storms. This study is the first to conduct a systematic analysis on how anthropogenic modifications affect resources at Fire Island National Seashore and provides essential information for effective management and preservation of coastal resources within the park.