Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal transit corridors for Ethiopia

Background: Ethiopia has been landlocked since Eritrea, a former province, gained independence. Its imports and exports by sea are now sent via neighbouring coastal states, mainly Djibouti, and it needs to ensure sustainable access to multiple transit corridors. Objective: This article aims to evaluate alternative transit corridors to Ethiopia in terms of basic port infrastructure, and logistics costs. The findings provide insights to inform policy on securing reliable maritime access to the country. Method: This study adopts a case study approach by using secondary data to evaluate alternative transit corridors. Following a critical review of theoretical and empirical literature, descriptive statistics are presented using tables, graphs and charts. Results: Low-cost, high-capacity and high-frequency global maritime freight trade is easier through Djibouti than through Mombasa in Kenya or Port Sudan, owing to its better liner shipping connectivity. Thus, Ethiopia should continue to import containerised cargo through the Port of Djibouti. However, direct access to the sea is also important for national defence and security. Conclusion: Ethiopia should therefore secure access through multiple ports to safeguard national security, regardless of economic feasibility. This can be realised by directing break-bulk, dry bulk and petroleum products through ports in Sudan and Kenya. In addition, particular emphasis should be given to seaports closest to the country’s economic centre, such as Berbera in Somaliland and Asseb and Massawa in Eritrea.
Enhancement of the inverted polymer solar cells via ZnO doped with CTAB

A facile approach enhancing electron extraction in zinc oxide (ZnO) electron transfer interlayer and improving performance of bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs) by adding cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) into sol-gel ZnO precursor solution was demonstrated in this work. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) has a 24.1% increment after modification. Our results show that CTAB can dramatically influence optical, electrical and morphological properties of ZnO electron transfer layer, and work as effective additive to enhance the performance of bulk- heterojunction polymer solar cells.
Electromyographical and Physiological Correlation in Patient with Heart Disease

Abstract Background: Walking is an economic activity, the more efficient the mechanical contribution, the less metabolic energy is necessary to keep walking. Patients with chronic heart failure and heart transplant present peripheral musculoskeletal disorders, dyspnea, and fatigue in their activities. Objective: In this scenario, the present study sought to verify the correlations between metabolic and electromyographic variables in chronic heart failure, heart transplant patients, and healthy controls. Methods: Regression and correlation between cost of transport and electromyographic cost, as well [. ]
Extracción de contextos definitorios de tecnologías biomédicas en corpus especializado francés

Ante nuevos campos de conocimiento, los traductores se enfrentan a lagunas contextuales y termino­lógicas que los diccionarios especializados no cubren. Gracias al potencial que demuestran las herramien­tas de análisis y gestión de corpus, estas se perfilan como indispensables a la hora de estudiar las relaciones gramaticales entre palabras concretas y sus vínculos semánticos, y extraer información definitoria que supla las carencias de los diccionarios en el proceso de traducción. Por ello, esta investigación extrae con­textos definitorios en el ámbito de las tecnologías biomédicas, ámbito de conocimiento en continua expan­sión y con desarrollo constante de técnicas, instrumentos, metodologías y productos, mediante lenguaje de interrogación de corpus (Corpus Query Language, CQL) y expresiones regulares. En otras palabras, se pretende establecer unas pautas para la creación de búsquedas que combinen cql y expresiones regulares, para localizar información que defina, reformule o matice terminología presente en este ámbito. Para ello, se compila un corpus de 100 artículos en francés de investigación sobre ingeniería genética y biotecnología en la herramienta en línea de gestión de corpus Sketch Engine. Las ecuaciones de búsqueda y los ejemplos muestran la utilidad de esta estrategia para localizar contextos ricos en conocimiento que podrían resultar de interés no solo en el ámbito investigador, sino también en el ámbito profesional de la traducción espe­cializada del francés al español, que actualmente cuenta con pocos recursos terminológicos.
Efficiency of antioxidant system in barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) genotypes and the orchestration of their key components under iron deficiency

Abstract. Iron (Fe) deficiency leads to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants that activate their antioxidant systems to control oxidative burst. In this study, contrasting Medicago truncatula genotypes, A17 and TN8.20 (tolerant) and TN1.11 (sensitive), were grown under Fe deficiency. The superoxide dismutase (SOD: EC1.15.1.1) activity, their isoforms’ coding genes, the copper chaperone expression patterns, and leaf phenolic contents were analysed. Our results showed that Fe deficiency decreases the photosynthetic capacity and plant biomass production with a prominent effect on TN1.11 genotype. The tolerance of A17 and TN8.20 was correlated with a maintenance of Fe content and the photosynthetic apparatus and an increase of Cu concentration compared with the sensitive genotype. We revealed a significant increase of H2O2 in Fe-deficient plants, mainly in TN1.11 sensitive genotype. TN8.20 and A17 tolerance were concomitant with a significant increase of SOD activities (SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, and Mn-SOD) under Fe deficiency. This increment was correlated to an induction of the copper chaperone gene expression level, as well as an accumulation of isoquercitin phenolic compound. Our study provides new insights into the orchestration of SOD’s isoforms activities, the expression of the copper chaperone, FeSOD, Cu/ZnSOD genes, and the leaf phenolic compounds accumulation that allows Medicago truncatula to overcome Fe deficiency.
Improved Adaptive Beamforming for Smart Antennas

In this paper, we propose a new antenna array configuration for smart antenna beamforming. In this new method, we displace two antenna elements of a uniform linear array (ULA) and place them at the top and bottom of the array axis. We investigate the efficacy of this method by deploying the variable step size least mean square algorithm (VSSLMS). The proposed method is compared with popular LMS and normalized LMS algorithms. Computer simulations show that the proposed method has enhanced convergence rate and high data transmission compared to the LMS and the NLMS methods. Also, the new method has the same performance for middle angles, near boresight and array endfires which is not possible for the LMS and the NLMS method using a ULA.
The Determination of Aromatic Character of Several Local Rice Varieties using Phenotypic Analysis and Molecular DNA

The pandan scent in aromatic rice has been known as the result of 8 bp deletions and 3 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPS) in BADH2 gene, which produce non-functional betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) enzyme. Several DNA markers for aromatic character based on mutation in BADH2 gene have been developed. In our experiment, we analysed the presence of aromatic character in four local rice variety such as Merah Wangi, Pendok, Genjah Arum, and Mentik Wangi Susu using KOH method and DNA molecular method using three DNA markers to detect mutation that responsible for the development of aromatic character. Phenotype analysis using KOH method showed that Merah Wangi, Genjah Arum, and Mentik Wangi Susu produce pandan scents. PCR analysis using Bradbury and Badex7-5, and RM223 markers showed the presence of BADH2 mutation in Merah Wangi and Mentik Wangi Susu, whereas Pendok and Genjah Arum did not show BADH2 mutation using those used three markers. Our results indicate that among four investigated local rice, only Merah Wangi and Mentik Wangi Susu are categorized as aromatic rice whereas Pendok and Genjah Arum are non-aromatic.Keywords: genetic analysis, aromatic rice, specific markers, genetic mutation.
When conservatives support decentralization: The case of political Islam in Indonesia

ABSTRACT In Western democracies, decentralization is typically associated with pluralism and demands for minority rights. In other contexts, however, decentralized governance may be instrumental to conservative and exclusionary ideologies. We illustrate this point with an analysis of Indonesia, a diverse and decentralized country. By leveraging an original survey, we find that Islamist individuals are significantly more likely to support decentralization than pluralists. This can be attributed to this country’s legacy of political development. As pluralist elites have long dominated national politics, political Islam has sought to empower regional governments, where Islamist agendas can more easily be implemented.
THE EFFICACY OF LASER THERAPY AND IBUPROFEN ON PAIN AFTER ELASTOMERIC SEPARATOR PLACEMENT: RAPID REVIEW

Background: Separator placement is the first step in orthodontic treatment, which aims to create space between teeth before molar band placement. This procedure can cause pain for the patient. Pain management after separator placement can be done through pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches.Method: The aim of this rapid review was to determine the efficacy of laser therapy and ibuprofen for pain management after elastomeric separator placement in orthodontic treatment.Result: Ten articles were included in this review, four articles gave laser therapy interventions and six articles gave ibuprofen therapy interventions. The result of the quality assessment using Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) was laser therapy intervention has one good quality articles and three limited-quality articles, while ibuprofen therapy has two good quality articles and four limited-quality articles.Conclusion: The efficacy of laser therapy and the efficacy of ibuprofen on pain after separator placement is good, with the strength of the clinical recommendation of ibuprofen is better than laser therapy.
Evaluation of multiple-scoring system for non-alcoholic fatty liver patients based on CK18 levels, lipid profile and liver enzymes

: Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disease is usually associated with conditions such as steatosis, steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Liver biopsy, which is the reference, gold standard and invasive method for the diagnosis of the disease may have complications. Scoring systems are among the noninvasive diagnostic methods. Numerous noninvasive scoring systems based on routinely measured clinical and laboratory parameters were provided that identifies the steatosis and advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. In this study, several scoring system in patients with NAFLD were evaluated. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was carried out on sonographically established NAFLD (n=51) patients and healthy individuals (n=30). Anthropometric factors, biochemical tests and CK-18 fragment levels were evaluated. Then the scores for hepatic steatosis index, fatty liver index, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelets ratio index (APRI) were calculated. In addition, the BARD and (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) scores were calculated. Results: In this study, as expected, except for FIB-4, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: Scoring systems examined in this study can help to predict the presence or absence of fibrosis and NAFLD or NASH.
Sequence to Point Learning Based on an Attention Neural Network for Nonintrusive Load Decomposition

Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) analyzes only the main circuit load information with an algorithm to decompose the load, which is an important way to help reduce energy usage. Recent research shows that deep learning has become popular for this problem. However, the ability of a neural network to extract load features depends on its structure. Therefore, more research is required to determine the best network architecture. This study proposed two deep neural networks based on the attention mechanism to improve the current sequence to point (s2p) learning model. The first model employs Bahdanau style attention and RNN layers, and the second model replaces the RNN layer with a self-attention layer. The two models are both based on a time embedding layer. Therefore, they can be better applied in NILM. To verify the effectiveness of the algorithms, we selected two open datasets and compared them with the original s2p model. The results show that attention mechanisms can effectively improve the model’s performance.
Cuo as efficient photo catalyst for photocatalytic decoloration of wastewater containing Azo dyes

Cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were prepared via a chemical precipitation method using the precursor of copper (II) nitrate trihydrate. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms that the CuO NPs were monoclinic crystal structure. The energy band gap of CuO NPs was found to be about 1.76 eV. The obtained CuO NPs were used as a photo catalyst to decolorize various dyes, such as methylene blue (MB), acid yellow 23 (AY 23) and reactive black 5 (RB 5), with a low concentration in the presence of visible light. The results show that the highest decolorization achieved was 67.8% and 66.3% for RB-5 dye and AY-23 dye, while 43.5% for MB dye from aqueous solution at 5 h illumination. The obtained CuO NPs were used as a photo catalyst to decolorize various dyes, RB-5, AY-23 and MB dye obeys pseudo first order kinetics with values of −0.112, −0.174 and −0.201 h−1, respectively.
Understanding Failed Software Projects through Forensic Analysis

ABSTRACT Software project failure has cost trillions of dollars over the past fifty years. The many reasons for failure are widely discussed in the project management and software development literatures. This paper assesses methods for software project forensic analysis to develop principles and practices that would provide a comprehensive and more complete understanding of the why, when, where, how, and what causes software project failure. This paper discusses the approaches followed to determine the causes of failures, examines the issues and challenges of assessing failures, and proposes a structured approach (forensic analysis) for determining the causes of software project failures.
Indigenous knowledge and science-based predictors reliability and its implication for climate adaptation in Ghana

The study examined the reliability of indigenous knowledge and science-based predictors of climate and how this influences smallholder farmers’ practices and adaptations in Ghana’s three regions (Northern, Western and Volta regions). Two districts were selected in each region: Builsa South and Zabzugu in Northern Region, Swefi Wiaso and Jomoro in Western Region, and Agotime-Ziope and Ketu North in Volta Region. The study employed purposive sampling involving 240 respondents. The findings show indigenous predictors of climate include the emergence of migratory birds, the direction of cloud formation, sun intensity, frog croaks and sprouting of new leaves on Emire, Shea, Tarmeranda and Baobab trees. An indigenous knowledge reliability index of 0.72 relative to 0.88 for science-based predictors was obtained, implying that both indigenous knowledge and science-based predictors are reliable indicators for forecasting weather. Indigenous knowledge and science-based predictors influence adaptation strategies through the cultivation of indigenous varieties, early or late planting, diversification of crops cultivated and the use of improved crop and drought-tolerant varieties. Governments in sub-Saharan Africa can consider tasking meteorological stations to harness indigenous and science-based predictors in daily forecasts towards adaptation and mitigation strategies.
Kishk Sa′eedi as a potential functional food for management of metabolic syndrome: A study of the possible interaction with pomegranate seed oil and/ or gum Arabic

Introduction: In the present research, the health benefits of the traditional Egyptian food called Kishk Sa′eedi (KS) and KS mixed with gum Arabic (GA) or with a mixture of GA and pomegranate seed oil (PSO) were studied in a rat model of metabolic syndrome (MS) induced by feeding high fructose high hydrogenated fat diet (HFFD). Methods: Rats were divided into a normal control group (NC) fed on a balanced diet (Diet 1), a MS control (MSC) receiving HFFD (Diet 2), and three test groups feeding on HFFD containing KS (Diet 3), KS with GA (Diet 4), and KS with GA and PSO (Diet 5), respectively for five weeks. Biochemical and histopathological changes were assessed. Results: Significant increase in blood glucose, plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, creatinine, uric acid, malondialdehyde (MDA), dyslipidemia and reduction in reduced glutathione (GSH) were demonstrated in MSC compared to NC (P < 0.05). Significant elevation in liver fat, MDA and gene expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) with significant down-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-α) were noticed in MSC compared to NC (P < 0.05). The three test diets improved plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), uric acid, MDA, liver PPAR-α and IL-6 expression (P < 0.05) compared to MSC without affecting liver lipids. Blood glucose, plasma dyslipidemia, AST, creatinine and urea were improved by diet 3 and diet 5 (P < 0.05). Diet 3 elevated GSH and reduced ALT and MDA (P < 0.05). Histopathological changes induced by HFFD in both liver and kidney showed variable improvement by feeding the tested diets. Conclusion: The tested diets significantly improved MS rat model with superiority to diet 3.
Analisis Sentimen Opini Masyarakat Indonesia Terhadap Kebijakan PPKM pada Media Sosial Twitter Menggunakan Naïve Bayes Clasifiers

COVID-19 atau Coronavirus desease 2019 pada saat ini menjadi sebuah pandemik yang menyebar dengan sangat cepat ke seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Berbagai penanganan dan kebijakan telah dilakukan salah satunya yaitu kebijakan PPKM atau Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah Indonesia. PPKM saat ini menjadi salah satu topik yang sering diperbincangkan oleh masyarakat, salah satunya pada platform media sosial Twitter . Adanya opini yang diberikan oleh masyarakat, maka perlu adanya analisis sentimen. Analisis sentimen merupakan proses analisis yang diperoleh dari berbagai platform media sosial maupun internet . Tujuannya yaitu untuk mengetahui bagaimana sentimen masyarakat terhadap penerapan kebijakan PPKM di Indonesia melalui tweet dan komentar di platform media sosial Twitter . Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan proses analisa opini masyarakat mengenai kebijakan PPKM dengan mengklasifikasikan opini kedalam 2 sentimen yaitu positif atau negatif. Klasifikasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Naive Bayes Clasifiers . Metode Naive Bayes Classifiers merupakan salah satu metode klasifikasi teks berdasarkan probabilitas kata kunci dalam membandingkan data latih dan data uji yang ada. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa opini masyarakat mengenai kebijakan PPKM dihasilkan 98% termasuk kedalam klasifikasi polaritas positif dan 2% polaritas negatif. Selain itu juga dihasilkan bahwa kata yang memiliki frekuensi tertinggi penggunaanya oleh para pengguna twitter adalah kata “mikro”.
Phenological Plasticity and Adaptive Potential of Sugar Maple Populations

Global changes affect the growing conditions of terrestrial ecosystems, mismatching the phenological adaptation of plants to local climates at mid and high latitudes. Their long lifespan and slow reproductive cycles prevent trees from tracking the quick shift in their usual climatic conditions, thus endangering the survival of local populations. In this study, we explored the phenological plasticity and adaptive potential of bud burst in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) seedlings from 30 Canadian origins with contrasting climates planted in two common gardens near and at the northern boundary of the species range. Bud development and leafing occurred in April-May, with complete bud burst lasting between 21 and 29 days. On average, bud swelling differed by 12 days between common gardens. However, this difference decreased to 4 days for complete leafing. Both factors site and seed origin affected bud burst, which represented the phenological plasticity and adaptation of sugar maple, respectively. Overall, the former (7.4–88.3%) contributed more than the latter (9.2–25.5%) to the variance in bud burst, despite the wide climatic range among the provenance origins compared with that at the two common gardens. Adaptation to local conditions provide the genetic tools for the survival of species across wide climatic ranges. Plasticity enables physiological responses of individuals to quick environmental changes. Our study demonstrated the major role of plasticity in bud phenology, and revealed the importance of investing resources in mechanisms dealing with the climatic challenges due to inter-annual variations in weather events.
Molecular Signature of Human Papillomavirus in Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancers in Congo-Brazzaville

Introduction: Carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract have a tropism on the epidermoid mucosa. HPV infection remains one of the risk factors for this cancer. This work aimed to study the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in carcinomas of the VADS. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study with retrospective data collection over 7 years. The molecular analysis was conducted in Pointe-Noire using Xpert® HPV technology (GeneXpert, Cepheid). The variables studied were anatomopathological and virological. Results: The overall molecular prevalence of oncogenic HPV was 28.1%. HPV-16 and HPV-18/45 were the incriminating genotypes in 88.9% and 11.4% of cases, respectively. A statistically significant association was found between co-infection with HPV-oncogenes in subjects over 40 years of age (P=0.01) and the development of these HPVs in squamous cell carcinomas (p=0.02). Notably, oncogenic HPV was found in the majority of laryngeal carcinomas. Conclusion: In countries with limited resources, the Xpert HPV technology from GéneXpert is a reliable and rapid solution for the virological diagnosis of oncogenic HPV associated with carcinomas of the VADS. HPV-16 remains the most prevalent genotype.
Impact of the insecticide 14C-chlorfenvinphos in a terrestrial ecosystem

Pesticides are an essential component of agricultural production. The increased use of pesticides greatly aided agricultural production, reduced stored grain losses, and improved human well-being in general. However, the use of pesticides may lead to unwanted residues such as traces of pollutants from food, the environment and living tissues. The environmental fate of 14 C- chlorfenvinphos was studied using an agricultural ecosystem that included soil, plants, beetles, earthworms and one type of common bird in Egypt (Asfour Baladi). This study was conducted on a restricted field area that was cultivated with maize plants as target crop and soybean plants as an alternate crop. The residue level in soybean seeds was almost 6 times higher than in dry maize seeds. The high concentration of 14C- residues in beetles (1.28µg/g) was observed on day 26 after spraying 14 C- chlorfenvinphos and decreased thereafter. The earthworms, on the other hand, showed a progressive increase with time and its maximum residue was detected after 75 days (3.25µg/g) . The dead birds showed the highest concentration of residues in the brain, liver and heart as compared with alive birds in the ecosystem. The chromatographic analysis indicated the presence of the parent compound in addition to three degradation products especially in dry seeds and soil.