Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerous opium packets retention in the stomach

Body packers are smugglers who swallow packets of illicit drugs as a trick of transporting illegal drugs. The main medical hazards for a body packer are the potential possibility of acute drug poisoning due to torn packets, gastrointestinal tract obstruction, and perforation. Here, we report a 36-year-old male who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting form 3 days ago, confessing that had vomited 3-packets containing opium and defecated 3 packs following the in-home Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) prescription by his care partner. At the admission, the patient had mild abdominal pain in the epigastric area with no tenderness. The requested abdominal X-ray revealed multiple oval shape foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract. An hour after conservative treatment with oral laxatives, the patient’s abdominal pain got worsens and physical examination indicating the possibility of peritonitis. Following the surgery, a total of 84 packets were removed; while the duodenum and whole bowel were not containing any packets. To our knowledge, this case is one of the heaviest body packets reported in the literature. In addition, all packets retention in the stomach is rarely been reported. This case should be taken into account for the training of anti-drug police forces. Keywords: body packer; smuggle; opium; drug traffickers; drugs.
Development of orientation method with constraint conditions using vector data

Recently, various kinds of vector data have been widely used. Images as raster data also became popular, and then applications using the vector data and images simultaneously attract more interests. Such applications require registration of those data in a same coordinates system. This paper proposes an orientation method combining the vector data with the images based on bundle adjustment. Since the vector data can be regarded as constraint condition, the bundle adjustment is extended to constrained non-linear optimization method. The constraint conditions are coincidence between lines extracted from images and the corresponding ones of vector data. For formulation, a representative point is set as midpoint of a projected line of vector data on the image. By using the representative points, the coincidence condition is expressed as distance the point and the lines extracted from the image. According to the conditions, the proposed method is formulated as Lagrange's method of undetermined multipliers. The proposed method is applied to synthetic and real data (compared with laser scanner data). The experiments with both synthetic and real data show that the proposed method is more accurate to errors caused by low accuracy of coordinates of feature points than a method without constraint conditions. According to the experiments, the significance of the proposed method is confirmed.
A plant virus hijacks phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate to escape autophagic degradation in its insect vector

ABSTRACT Hosts can initiate macroautophagy/autophagy as an antiviral defense response, while viruses have developed multiple ways to evade the host autophagic degradation. However, little is known as to whether viruses can target lipids to subvert autophagic degradation. Here, we show that a low abundant signaling lipid, phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2), is required for rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) to evade the autophagic degradation in the insect vector Laodelphax striatellus. RBSDV binds to PtdIns(3,5)P2 and elevates its level through its main capsid protein P10, leading to inhibited autophagy and promoted virus propagation. Furthermore, we show that PtdIns(3,5)P2 inhibits the autophagy pathway by preventing the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes through activation of Trpml (transient receptor potential cation channel, mucolipin), an effector of PtdIns(3,5)P2. These findings uncover a strategy whereby a plant virus hijacks PtdIns(3,5)P2 via its viral capsid protein to evade autophagic degradation and promote its survival in insects.
Supply response of natural rubber production in Thailand

In the Thai economy, natural rubber is a major export crop and the natural rubber sector is an important source of employment. A key issue in the analysis of natural rubber production is its supply response to economic incentives. There are several empirical studies of the supply response of natural rubber in Thailand, but knowledge gaps exist. First, since most apply Nerlovian models, their models have an inadequate dynamic structure. Second, ordinary least squares is generally applied to potentially non-stationary data, so the results may be spurious. Third, the results may be biased because many studies omitted important variables. Finally, there is no consideration of risk. It is essential to seek alternative explanations of what and how both price and non-price factors cause changes in natural rubber production using modern econometric approaches and contemporary data. Economic theory implies that the supply of a perennial crop depends on own price, the prices of competitive crops, input prices, and non-price variables, and risk and uncertainty. The time series data on these variables are examined for unit roots. Most variables are non-stationary and Johansen‟s cointegration approach is used to estimate both output and acreage-yield models. We find that unique long-run relationships exist in both models. However, weak exogeneity tests show that the rubber price in both the output and acreage equations is weakly exogenous. We therefore reformulate the output and acreage equations by setting rubber price to be weakly exogenous. Output in the output model is now weakly exogenous and there is no long-run output relationship. Thus, an output supply response model appears inappropriate to explain the supply response of rubber production of Thailand. In the acreage response model,
Firing map of an almost periodic input function

In mathematical biology and the theory of electric networks the firing map of an integrate-and-fire system is a notion of importance. In order to prove useful properties of this map authors of previous papers assumed that the stimulus function f of the system \dot{x}= f(t,x) is continuous and usually periodic in the time variable. In this work we show that the required properties of the firing map for the simplified model \dot{x}=f(t) still hold if f \in L_{loc}^1(R) and f is an almost periodic function. Moreover, in this way we prepare a formal framework for next study of a discrete dynamics of the firing map arising from almost periodic stimulus that gives information on consecutive resets (spikes).
Magnetized Accretion Disks and the Origin of Bipolar Outflows

The angular momentum liberated in an accretion disk can in principle be transported away by means of a centrifugally driven wind if the disk is threaded by open magnetic field lines. A steady-state model of such a disk, in which the azimuthal shearing and radial advection of the field lines are balanced by ambipolar diffusion, is presented in the context of accretion onto young stellar objects. Preliminary results on the extension of this model to the case where grains are the main charge carriers and to the regime where Ohmic diffusivity dominates are also discussed. It is argued that this mechanism could account for the frequent occurrence of bipolar outflows in young stars and in active galactic nuclei as well as for many of the observational characteristics of these objects
ROSAT observations of AM HER stars in low or intermediate states

We present data for four AM Her stars which were observed in an intermediate or low brightness state, We show that as the luminosity of the blackbody component decreases so does the energy balance ratio L(bb,bol)/(L(tb,bol)+ L(cyc)). Indeed, AM Her in an intermediate state shows a soft X-ray deficiency over the standard shock model of Lamb & Masters and does not follow the correlation between the coupling radius and the energy balance ratio found by Ramsay et al. for systems in a high state. ST LMi in a low state shows a much reduced bremsstrahlung temperature compared to its high state. We hypothesize that as the overall accretion rate decreases the fraction of the gas which shocks above the surface of the white dwarf becomes smaller. Instead, much of the accreting gas cools via Coulomb collisions and cyclotron emission. At low accretion rates, the thermalized component of the accretion energy emitted at the surface of the white dwarf is too cool to be observed in the ROSAT band above the cut-off imposed by interstellar absorption.
Discrepancies of normal varieties

We give an example of a non Q-Gorenstein variety whose canonical divisor has an irrational valuation and an example of a non Q-Gorenstein variety which is canonical but not klt. We also give an example of an irrational jumping number and we prove that there are no accumulation points for the jumping numbers of normal non-Q-Gorenstein varieties with isolated singularities. We prove that the canonical ring of a canonical variety in the sense of [dFH09] is finitely generated. We prove that canonical varieties are klt if and only if R(−KX) is finitely generated. We introduce a notion of nefness for non-Q-Gorenstein varieties and study some of its properties. We then focus on the properties of non-Q-Gorenstein toric varieties, with particular attention to minimal log discrepancies.
Dual Parallel Policy Iteration With Coupled Policy Improvement

In this article, a novel coupled policy improvement mechanism is developed for improving policy iteration (PI) algorithms. In contrast to the common PI, the developed dual parallel policy iteration (DPPI) with coupled policy improvement mechanism consists of two parallel PIs. At each PI step, the performances of the two parallel policies are evaluated and the better one is defined as the dominant policy. Then, the dominant policy is used to guide the parallel policy improvement in a soft manner by constraining the Kullback–Liebler (KL) divergence between the dominant policy and the policy to be updated. It is proven that the convergence of DPPI can be guaranteed under the designed coupled policy improvement mechanism. Moreover, it is clearly shown that under certain conditions, the $Q$ -functions of the two new policies obtained in each parallel policy improvement are larger than those of all the previous dominant policies, which is conductive to accelerate the PI process and improve the policy learning efficiency to some extent. Furthermore, by combining DPPI with the twin delay deep deterministic (TD3) policy gradient, we propose a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm: parallel TD3 (PTD3). Experimental results on continuous-action control tasks in the MuJoCo and OpenAI Gym platforms show that the proposed PTD3 outperforms the state-of-the-art RL algorithms.
Effectiveness of Positioning in Unconscious Adults During Nasogastric Intubation on Correct Placement and Intubation Time

Nasogastric intubation is a common procedure in hospitals that causes adverse outcomes if performed incorrectly. There is currently insufficient guidance for patient positioning, which increases the success of nasogastric intubation at the bedside. Therefore, a systematic review with a meta-analysis was performed to determine the effectiveness of changing an unconscious adults' positions compared with the supine position to improve the correct placement of a nasogastric tube, intubation time, and complications. The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and CINAHL databases were searched from inception to April 2019 for randomized controlled trials. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the quality of eligible studies. Cochrane Review Manager 5.3 software was used to analyze the data. A total of 288 articles were obtained in the literature search, 10 of which were included in the analysis. Most of the included trials were at low risk of bias. All postures were significantly effective, though neck flexion had the highest success rate (odds ratio = 4.87, 95% confidence interval [2.48, 9.57], Z = 4.6, p < .00001, I2 = 0%) for nasogastric intubation. In terms of the time required for the procedure, compared with the usual posture, although the total effects were significant (MD =−10.33, 95% confidence interval [−15.38, −5.29], Z = 4.02, p < .00001, I2 = 98%), only neck flexion and lifting of the larynx reduced the time. The meta-analysis suggests that patient positioning improves the success rate of nasogastric intubation and increases safety. Finally, the authors developed a procedural instruction sheet to aid practitioners with nasogastric intubation.
Beltrami-Meusnier formulas of generalized semi ruled surfaces in semi Euclidean space

In this paper, we study the sectional curvatures of the generalized semi ruled surfaces in semi Euclidean space The first fundamental form and the metric coefficients of the generalized semi ruled surfaces are calculated and in these regards, Riemannian-Christoffel curvatures are obtained by the help of Christoffel Symbols. So, the curvatures of arbitrary non-degenerate tangential sections of the generalized semi ruled surface are investigated. In addition to this, the relations between the sectional curvatures are obtained. These are called semi Euclidean Beltrami-Meusnier formulas.
Prevalence and commonality of non‐technical skills and human factors in airway management guidelines: a narrative review of the last 5 years

The primary aim of this review was to identify, analyse and codify the prominence and nature of human factors and ergonomics within difficult airway management algorithms. A directed search across OVID Medline and PubMed databases was performed. All articles were screened for relevance to the research aims and according to predetermined exclusion criteria. We identified 26 published airway management algorithms. A coding framework was iteratively developed identifying human factors and ergonomic specific words and phrases based on the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model. This framework was applied to the papers to delineate qualitative and quantitative results. Our results show that human factors are well represented within recent airway management guidelines. Human factors associated with work systems and processes featured more prominently than user and patient outcome measurement and adaption. Human factors are an evolving area in airway management and our results highlight that further considerations are necessary in further guideline development.
Selection and management considerations to enhance outcomes in patients supported by left ventricular assist devices

Purpose of review Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are life-saving therapies for patients in end-stage heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction regardless of candidacy for heart transplantation. Multiple clinical trials have demonstrated improved morbidity and mortality with LVADs when compared to medical therapy alone. However, the uptake of LVADs as a therapeutic option in a larger section of end-stage HF patients remains limited, partly due to associated adverse events and re-hospitalization. Recent Findings Accurate assessment and staging of HF patients is crucial to guide appropriate use of LVADs. Innovative methods to risk stratify patients and manage cardiac and noncardiac comorbidities can translate to improved outcomes in LVAD recipients. Inclusion of quality of life metrics and measurements of adverse events can better inform heart failure cardiologists to help identify ideal LVAD candidates. Addition of machine learning algorithms to this process may guide patient selection to improve outcomes. Summary Patient selection and assessment of reversible medical comorbidities are critical to the postoperative success of LVAD implantation. Identifying patients most likely to benefit and least likely to experience adverse events should be a priority.
Thalamic regulation of frontal interactions in human cognitive flexibility

Interactions across frontal cortex are critical for cognition. Animal studies suggest a role for mediodorsal thalamus (MD) in these interactions, but the computations performed and direct relevance to human decision making are unclear. Here, inspired by animal work, we extended a neural model of an executive frontal-MD network and trained it on a human decision-making task for which neuroimaging data were collected. Using a biologically-plausible learning rule, we found that the model MD thalamus compressed its cortical inputs (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dlPFC) underlying stimulus-response representations. Through direct feedback to dlPFC, this thalamic operation efficiently partitioned cortical activity patterns and enhanced task switching across different contingencies. To account for interactions with other frontal regions, we expanded the model to compute higher-order strategy signals outside dlPFC, and found that the MD offered a more efficient route for such signals to switch dlPFC activity patterns. Human fMRI data provided evidence that the MD engaged in feedback to dlPFC, and had a role in routing orbitofrontal cortex inputs when subjects switched behavioral strategy. Collectively, our findings contribute to the emerging evidence for thalamic regulation of frontal interactions in the human brain.
Atrazine modifies markers of melanocyte maturation and apoptosis in primary skin cultures

Abstract Atrazine (ATZ) is part of a group of herbicides called triazines. ATZ is widely used in agricultural areas of Mexico, commonly used for the selective control of weeds in corn and sorghum crops. The exposure to ATZ can have serious human health effects since its use was associated with the development of cutaneous melanoma in an epidemiological study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of maturation and apoptotic markers in primary skin cultures exposed to ATZ. The primary skin cultures were exposed to 0.1, and 10 µM ATZ with or without ultraviolet (UV) radiation and the expression of maturation and apoptotic markers were evaluated by RT-qPCR. We observed a significant increase in all the melanocyte maturation markers in cells exposed to ATZ with or without UV, with SOX-9 and FAK (melanoblast markers) being the highest. Also, the expression of BCL-2 (anti-apoptotic marker) was the most increased gene in cells exposed to ATZ with or without UV. Low concentrations of ATZ and UV radiation induce genetic changes associated with the development of immature melanocytes and activate mechanisms associated with the inhibition of apoptosis characteristics of malignant cell transformation, which will allow proposing new therapeutic targets and generating new restrictions or care in farmers exposed to pesticides such as the ATZ.
Design of Binary Computer Generated Holograms by Simulated Annealing: Observation of Metastable States

Abstract The simulated annealing algorithm allows optimal solutions to the binary hologram design problems to be located. When compared with sub-optimal techniques such as direct binary search it requires a significantly longer optimization time. We compare simulated annealing and direct binary search for the design of fanout holograms. Over a large range of design parameters no significant improvement is obtained by the use of simulated annealing. When diffraction efficiencies are maximized however metastable states are observed and simulated annealing results in a 6·6% increase in diffraction efficiency and a tenfold reduction in reconstruction error.
Clinical features of the first critical case of acute encephalitis caused by the avian influenza A (H5N6) virus

ABSTRACT Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV), such as H5N1, H5N6, and H7N9, have been reported to frequently infect humans, but acute encephalitis caused by HPAIV in humans has been rarely reported. We report the first critical case of acute encephalitis with mild pneumonia caused by the H5N6 virus. On January 25 of 2022, a 6-year-old girl with severe neurological symptoms was admitted to our hospital and rapidly developed into seizures and coma. Brain imaging showed abnormalities. Electroencephalogram (EEG) presented abnormal slow waves. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contained elevated protein (1.64 g/L) and white cells (546 × 106/L). Laboratory investigations revealed abnormally elevated transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase, and cytokines in serum. A novel reassortant H5N6 virus was identified from the patient’s serum, CSF, and tracheal aspirate specimens. Phylogenic analysis indicated that this virus was a novel reassortant avian-origin influenza A (H5N6) virus that belonged to clade 2.3. 4.4b. This patient was diagnosed with acute encephalitis and discharged from the hospital accompanied by a language barrier. An epidemiological investigation confirmed that wild waterfowls were the direct source of infection in this case. Our study highlights the urgent need to pay attention to acute encephalitis caused by HPAIV.
Major haemorrhage: past, present and future

Major haemorrhage is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Successful treatment requires early recognition, planned responses, readily available resources (such as blood products) and rapid access to surgery or interventional radiology. Major haemorrhage is often accompanied by volume loss, haemodilution, acidaemia, hypothermia and coagulopathy (factor consumption and fibrinolysis). Management of major haemorrhage over the past decade has evolved to now deliver a ‘package’ of haemostatic resuscitation including: surgical or radiological control of bleeding; regular monitoring of haemostasis; advanced critical care support; and avoidance of the lethal triad of hypothermia, acidaemia and coagulopathy. Recent trial data advocate for a more personalised approach depending on the clinical scenario. Fresh frozen plasma should be given as early as possible in major trauma in a 1:1 ratio with red blood cells until the results of coagulation tests are available. Tranexamic acid is a cheap, life‐saving drug and is advocated in major trauma, postpartum haemorrhage and surgery, but not in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Fibrinogen levels should be maintained > 2 g.l−1 in postpartum haemorrhage and > 1.5 g.l−1 in other haemorrhage. Improving outcomes after major traumatic haemorrhage is now driving research to include extending blood‐product resuscitation into prehospital care.
Computed Tomography‐Based Determination of the Optimal Locations of Bone Tunnels for Coracoclavicular Ligament Reconstruction

An agreement has not been reached on optimal locations of bone tunnels for coracoclavicular ligament (CCL) reconstruction for acromioclavicular joint dislocation (ACD). This study aims to identify the convergence point (cP) between the coracoid process and clavicle in the Chinese population to assist surgeons in reconstructing the CCL for ACD.