Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical Exercise as Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: From Mechanism to Orientation

Background: Exercise therapy plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The mechanism of exercise therapy in the improvement of glycolipid metabolism of T2DM is very complex and not completely clear. Summary: Exercise training improves the whole body metabolic health in patients with T2DM, leading to an increase in glycolipid uptake and utilization, improved insulin sensitivity, optimized body mass index, and modulated DNA methylation, etc. Recent findings support that some cytokines such as irisin, osteocalcin, and adiponectin are closely related to exercise and metabolic diseases. This study briefly reviews the physiological mechanisms of exercise therapy in diabetes and the potential role of these cytokines in exercise. Key Messages: More high-quality, targeted, randomized controlled studies are needed urgently, from mechanism study to treatment direction, to provide a more theoretical basis for exercise therapy and to explore new therapeutic targets for diabetes.
Information Reduction in Credit Risk Models

This paper builds the mathematical foundation for credit risk models with incomplete information. We provide rigorous mathematical definitions for the continuously and discretely delayed filtrations. Our definitions unify two well-known types of incomplete information: the noisy information in Due and Lando (2001) and partial information in Collin-Dufresne et al. (2004). Under this framework, we first show how delayed information sets, such as those available to market participants, transform structural models into reduced-form intensity-based models, via obtaining explicit analytic expressions for default intensities under various models. We then establish relations of risk debt pricings under complete and delayed filtrations.
Crafting Selves: Power, Gender, and Discourses of Identity in a Japanese Workplace

"The ethnography of Japan is currently being reshaped by a new generation of Japanologists, and the present work certainly deserves a place in this body of literature. The combination of utility with beauty makes Kondo's book required reading, for those with an interest not only in Japan but also in reflexive anthropology, women's studies, field methods, the anthropology of work, social psychology, Asian Americans, and even modern literature. "--Paul H. Noguchi, "American Anthropologist" "Kondo's work is significant because she goes beyond disharmony, insisting on complexity. Kondo shows that inequalities are not simply oppressive-they are meaningful ways to establish identities. "--Nancy Rosenberger, "Journal of Asian Studies"
Acoustic, Pitfall Trap, and Visual Surveys of Stored Product Insect Pests in Kenyan Warehouses

Grain production is an important component of food security in Kenya but due to environmental conditions that favor rapid growth of insect populations, farmers and other agricultural stakeholders face ongoing and novel challenges from crop and stored product pest insects. To assist development of methods to reduce economic losses from stored product insect pests in Kenya, acoustic, visual, and pitfall trap surveys were conducted in five grain storage warehouses. Two commercially available acoustic systems successfully detected the pests of greatest economic importance, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) and Prostephanus truncatus (Horn). Other insects of lesser economic importance also were observed in the visual surveys, including Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). This study demonstrated that the use of acoustic technology with visual surveys and pitfall traps can help managers to identify and target infestations within their warehouses, enabling them to reduce postharvest losses. With most warehouses being located in relatively noisy urban or peri-urban areas, background noise considerations are being incorporated into the design of future acoustic detectors for stored pest infestations. Kenya must import grain yearly to meet consumption needs; however, if the current yearly postharvest losses of 20–30% in warehouses decreased, import costs could be reduced considerably.
Current State of Compassionate Phage Therapy

There is a current unmet medical need for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections, and in the absence of approved alternatives, some clinicians are turning to empirical ones, such as phage therapy, for compassionate treatment. Phage therapy is ideal for compassionate use due to its long-standing historical use and publications, apparent lack of adverse effects, and solid support by fundamental research. Increased media coverage and peer-reviewed articles have given rise to a more widespread familiarity with its therapeutic potential. However, compassionate phage therapy (cPT) remains limited to a small number of experimental treatment centers or associated with individual physicians and researchers. It is possible, with the creation of guidelines and a greater central coordination, that cPT could reach more of those in need, starting by increasing the availability of phages. Subsequent steps, particularly production and purification, are difficult to scale, and treatment paradigms stand highly variable between cases, or are frequently not reported. This article serves both to synopsize cPT publications to date and to discuss currently available phage sources for cPT. As the antibiotic resistance crisis continues to grow and the future of phage therapy clinical trials remains undetermined, cPT represents a possibility for bridging the gap between current treatment failures and future approved alternatives. Streamlining the process of cPT will help to ensure high quality, therapeutically-beneficial, and safe treatment.
Mobile Robot Indoor Positioning Based on a Combination of Visual and Inertial Sensors

Multi-sensor integrated navigation technology has been applied to the indoor navigation and positioning of robots. For the problems of a low navigation accuracy and error accumulation, for mobile robots with a single sensor, an indoor mobile robot positioning method based on a visual and inertial sensor combination is presented in this paper. First, the visual sensor (Kinect) is used to obtain the color image and the depth image, and feature matching is performed by the improved scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm. Then, the absolute orientation algorithm is used to calculate the rotation matrix and translation vector of a robot in two consecutive frames of images. An inertial measurement unit (IMU) has the advantages of high frequency updating and rapid, accurate positioning, and can compensate for the Kinect speed and lack of precision. Three-dimensional data, such as acceleration, angular velocity, magnetic field strength, and temperature data, can be obtained in real-time with an IMU. The data obtained by the visual sensor is loosely combined with that obtained by the IMU, that is, the differences in the positions and attitudes of the two sensor outputs are optimally combined by the adaptive fade-out extended Kalman filter to estimate the errors. Finally, several experiments show that this method can significantly improve the accuracy of the indoor positioning of the mobile robots based on the visual and inertial sensors.
Inhibition of adhesion‐specific genes by Solidago virgaurea extract causes loss of Candida albicans biofilm integrity

Candida albicans biofilms are commonly associated with severe oral infections. We previously discovered that a crude extract from the Solidago virgaurea plant (SV extract) was a potent inhibitor of C. albicans biofilm formation. Here, we further investigate the mechanisms underlying C. albicans biofilm inhibition by the SV extract.
Insufficient sleep is associated with a pro‐atherogenic circulating microRNA signature

What is the central question of the study Is habitual short sleep associated with altered circulating levels of specific inflammation‐ and vascular‐related microRNAs? What is the main finding and its importance? Circulating levels of miR‐125a, miR‐126 and miR‐146a were significantly lower in the short sleep compared with the normal sleep group. Altered circulating profiles of these vascular‐related microRNAs have been linked to vascular inflammation, dysfunction and increased cardiovascular disease events. Sleep‐related changes in these microRNAs are consistent with, and might play a role in, the aberrant vascular physiology and increased vascular risk associated with short sleep.
Can Outcome Research Respect the Integrity of Chaplaincy? A Review of Outcome Studies

In recent years, some within chaplaincy have advocated for a stronger focus on outcomes, including outcome research, whereas others in the field have questioned an outcome-oriented perspective. In this article, existing outcome studies are reviewed in relation to the ongoing discussion about a process- or outcome-oriented approach to chaplaincy. A central question emerges from this discussion: how can outcome research be designed that respects the integrity of the profession of chaplaincy? A literature search in MEDLINE/Pubmed produced twenty-two chaplaincy outcome studies that met the inclusion criteria. A review of these studies shows that thus far most have focused on secondary chaplaincy outcomes (e.g., satisfaction) using quantitative designs. To respect the integrity of chaplaincy, it is recommended that future studies should also focus on characteristic chaplaincy outcomes, use mixed methods designs, and articulate more clearly how their chosen outcomes, outcome measures, and interventions relate to the work of chaplaincy.
Prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms during pregnancy in the middle belt of Nigeria

Abstract Background: Information about the burden of asthma during pregnancy in Africa is scarce. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms in pregnancy in Ilorin, Nigeria. Methods: This study uses the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire and definitions to screen 870 pregnant women attending three hospitals for asthma. Results: The prevalence of possible asthma (i.e. awakened by shortness of breath, asthma attack(s) in the last 12 months, or currently taking asthma medication) was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.3–3.1%), physician-diagnosed asthma was 1.0% (95% CI: 0.5–1.7%), and current asthma (asthma attack in the last 12 months and currently taking asthma medication) was 0.7% (95% CI: 0.2–1.3%). The prevalence of respiratory symptoms ranged from 0.6% (95% CI: 0.1–1.1%) for wheezing without cold to 12.9% (95% CI: 10.7–15.2%) for nasal allergies. Less than 1% reported an asthma attack and using asthma medication in the last 12 months. None of the pregnant women smoked tobacco during pregnancy. Pregnant women with possible asthma experienced more respiratory symptoms and worsening symptoms than those without asthma (15.8% vs. 3.9%), and the most reported symptom was being awakened by shortness of breath. The majority (55.6%) with physician-diagnosed asthma had suffered an asthma attack in the current pregnancy with a median of two attacks. Conclusion: The prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms in pregnancy in this sample was low, but we observed an increase and worsening of respiratory symptoms during pregnancy in those with asthma. Hence, the priority of clinicians should be disease control to prevent feto-maternal morbidity and mortality.
What’s your ML test score? A rubric for ML production systems

Using machine learning in real-world production systems is complicated by a host of issues not found in small toy examples or even large ofﬂine research experiments. Testing and monitoring are key considerations for assessing the production-readiness of an ML system. But how much testing and monitoring is enough? We present an ML Test Score rubric based on a set of actionable tests to help quantify these issues
An Efficient Synthesis of Aryl-Substituted Pyrroles by the Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction of SEM-Protected Pyrroles

An efficient arylation of SEM-protected pyrroles by the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction has been developed. The reaction can be carried out under mild conditions to provide aryl-substituted pyrroles in moderate to excellent yields. The scope and limitations of the methodology were evaluated, and the reaction was tolerant of a wide range of functionalities. Compared to the reported methods, the protocol has some advantages, such as commercially available materials, no debrominated by-products being formed, and the amine-protecting group being stable under the reaction conditions. The synthetic utility of the product has also been demonstrated, with several common transformations of the aryl-substituted pyrrole product being conducted. This protocol will offer the opportunity to explore other metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions employing SEM-protected pyrroles.
Impaired Recovery from Influenza A/X-31(H3N2) Infection in Mice with 8-Lipoxygenase Deficiency

Lipoxygenase-derived lipid mediators can modulate inflammation and are stimulated in response to influenza infections. We report an effect of 8-lipoxygenase (ALOX8) on the recovery of mice after infection with Influenza virus X31. We compared the responses of 3- and 6-month-old mice with a deletion of ALOX8 (ALOX8−/−) to influenza infections with those of age-matched littermate wild-type mice (ALOX8+/+). The duration of illness was similar in 3-month-old ALOX8−/− and ALOX8+/+ mice. However, the 6-month-old ALOX8−/− mice showed a prolonged state of illness compared with ALOX8+/+ mice, as evidenced by reduced body temperatures, reduced locomotor activities, and delayed weight recovery. Although residual viral RNA in the lungs at day 10 post-inoculation was significantly influenced by the age of the ALOX8−/− mice, there were no significant differences between ALOX8−/− and ALOX8+/+ mice within the same age groups. The levels of cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) differed significantly between 6-month-old ALOX8−/− and ALOX8+/+ mice 10 days after viral inoculation. Our data suggest that ALOX8 deficiency in mice leads to impaired recovery from influenza infection in an age-dependent manner.
Prevalence of ADHD in Mexican schoolchildren through screening with Conners scales 3.

INTRODUCTION The prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children varies due to the methodology used. In Mexico, the health sector recognizes difficulties in measuring and treating it, so the WHO recommends carrying out screening in populations with a probability of presenting it. The objective was to measure the prevalence of ADHD for screening purposes in second-grade students, their comorbidity, and to describe the experience using version 3 of the Conners scale. METHOD Descriptive observational study, with the purpose of screening, applying the short versions to parents and teachers of 3,985 schoolchildren in a sample of 55 public schools obtained at random from two delegations in Mexico City, the cases were referred to psychology and psychiatry to corroborate diagnosis and treatment. Results We detected 458 (16%) cases, both informants, the prevalent subtype was hyperactive in both sexes, predominantly male, learning problems and executive functions more frequent in girls with hyperactive and combined subtype, only completed the psychological evaluation 150 schoolchildren and 127 attended with the paidopsiquiatra, who confirmed 72% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence for screening purposes, subtype of ADHD and affected gender is similar to that reported in the literature, the comorbidity identified by both informants is an advantage offered by the Conners scale 3, the limiting factor to corroborate the diagnosis was the resistance of the parents to go with the specialists. It is necessary to guide and inform parents more about the disorder to achieve better participation.
Altered dynamics of brain segregation and integration in poststroke aphasia

Poststroke aphasia (PSA) results from direct effect of focal lesions and dysfunction of distributed language networks. However, how flexible the activity at specific nodes control global dynamics is currently unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that alterations in the regional activity may cause imbalances between segregation and integration in temporo‐spatial pattern, and the transient dynamics are disrupted in PSA patients. Specifically, we applied dynamic framework to eyes‐closed resting‐state functional MRI data from PSA patients (n = 17), and age‐, gender‐, and education‐matched healthy controls (HCs, n = 20). Subsequently, we calculated two basis brain organizational principles: “dynamic segregation,” obtained from dynamic amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (dALFF), which represent the specialized processing within interconnected brain regions; and “dynamic integration,” obtained from dynamic functional connectivity, which measures the efficient communication between interconnected brain regions. We found that both measures were decreased in the PSA patients within the left frontal and temporal subregions compared to the HCs. PSA patients displayed increased flexibility of interaction between left temporo‐frontal subregions and right temporo‐parieto‐frontal subnetworks. Furthermore, we found that dALFF in the pars triangularis of left inferior frontal gyrus was associated with aphasia quotient. These findings suggest that the reduced temporal flexibility of regional activity in language‐relevant cortical regions in PSA is related to the disrupted organization of intrahemispheric networks, leading to a loss of the corresponding functions. By using dynamic framework, our results offer valuable information about the alterations in segregation and integration of spatiotemporal information across networks and illuminate how dysfunction in flexible activity may underlie language deficits in PSA.
Mortality and survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background There are substantial advances in diagnosis and treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but without much evidence available on recent mortality and survival trends. Methods A narrative synthesis approach was used to investigate the mortality trends, then meta-analyses for survival trends were carried out based on various time periods. Results Six studies reported the mortality data for IPF in 22 countries, and 62 studies (covering 63 307 patients from 20 countries) reported survival data for IPF. Age-standardised mortality for IPF varied from ∼0.5 to ∼12 per 100 000 population per year after year 2000. There were increased mortality trends for IPF in Australia, Brazil, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and UK, while Austria, Croatia, Denmark, Romania and the USA showed decreased mortality trends. The overall 3-year and 5-year cumulative survival rates (CSRs) were 61.8% (95% CI 58.7–64.9; I2=97.1%) and 45.6% (95% CI 41.5–49.7; I2=97.7%), respectively. Prior to 2010, the pooled 3-year CSR was 59.9% (95% CI 55.8–64.1; I2=95.8%), then not significantly (p=0.067) increased to 66.2% (95% CI 62.9–69.5; I2=92.6%) in the 2010s decade. After excluding three studies in which no patients received antifibrotics after year 2010, the pooled 3-year CSRs significantly (p=0.039) increased to 67.4% (95% CI 63.9–70.9; I2=93.1%) in the 2010s decade. Discussion IPF is a diagnosis associated with high mortality. There was no observed increasing survival trend for patients with IPF before year 2010, with then a switch to an improvement, which is probably multifactorial. Mortality of IPF has varied worldwide from ∼0.5 to ∼12 per 100 000 population per year since 2000 and survival of IPF did not change before 2010, after which it improved, which can be attributable to multiple factors https://bit.ly/3qEDSPt
Functional Specialization in Vibrio cholerae Diguanylate Cyclases: Distinct Modes of Motility Suppression and c-di-GMP Production

Cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a broadly conserved bacterial signaling molecule that affects motility, biofilm formation, and virulence. Although it has been known that high intracellular concentrations of c-di-GMP correlate with motility suppression and biofilm formation, how the 53 predicted c-di-GMP modulators in Vibrio cholerae collectively influence motility is not understood in detail. Here we used a combination of plate assays and single-cell tracking methods to correlate motility and biofilm formation outcomes with specific enzymes involved in c-di-GMP synthesis in Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the disease cholera. ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae biofilm formation and associated motility suppression are correlated with increased concentrations of cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP), which are in turn driven by increased levels and/or activity of diguanylate cyclases (DGCs). To further our understanding of how c-di-GMP modulators in V. cholerae individually and collectively influence motility with cellular resolution, we determined how DGCs CdgD and CdgH impact intracellular c-di-GMP levels, motility, and biofilm formation. Our results indicated that CdgH strongly influences swim speed distributions; cells in which cdgH was deleted had higher average swim speeds than wild-type cells. Furthermore, our results suggest that CdgD, rather than CdgH, is the dominant DGC responsible for postattachment c-di-GMP production in biofilms. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis genes were found to be extragenic bypass suppressors of the motility phenotypes of strains ΔcdgD and ΔcdgH. We compared the motility regulation mechanism of the DGCs with that of Gmd, an LPS O-antigen biosynthesis protein, and discovered that comodulation of c-di-GMP levels by these motility effectors can be positively or negatively cooperative rather than simply additive. Taken together, these results suggest that different environmental and metabolic inputs orchestrate DGC responses of V. cholerae via c-di-GMP production and motility modulation. IMPORTANCE Cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a broadly conserved bacterial signaling molecule that affects motility, biofilm formation, and virulence. Although it has been known that high intracellular concentrations of c-di-GMP correlate with motility suppression and biofilm formation, how the 53 predicted c-di-GMP modulators in Vibrio cholerae collectively influence motility is not understood in detail. Here we used a combination of plate assays and single-cell tracking methods to correlate motility and biofilm formation outcomes with specific enzymes involved in c-di-GMP synthesis in Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the disease cholera.