Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A theoretical analysis of how strain-specific viruses can control microbial species diversity

Significance This work presents the first detailed analysis to the authors’ knowledge of how species-level diversity is a property emerging from competitive and defensive abilities at the organism level in a microbial system where the diversity-generating mechanism is strain-specific viral lysis. The theoretical analysis constitutes a general case treatment of the important special case question of what properties may make SAR11, a subphylum within the Alphaproteobacteria, so dominant in the pelagic environment. The resulting conceptual framework connects differences in the molecular defense mechanism to ecosystem-level properties such as diversity and activity. It also suggests a reinterpretation of the concept of dormancy in aquatic microbial communities. Pelagic prokaryote communities are often dominated by the SAR11 clade. The recent discovery of viruses infecting this clade led to the suggestion that such dominance could not be explained by assuming SAR11 to be a defense specialist and that the explanation therefore should be sought in its competitive abilities. The issue is complicated by the fact that prokaryotes may develop strains differing in their balance between competition and viral defense, a situation not really captured by present idealized models that operate only with virus-controlled “host groups. ” We here develop a theoretical framework where abundance within species emerges as the sum over virus-controlled strains and show that high abundance then is likely to occur for species able to use defense mechanisms with a low trade-off between competition and defense, rather than by extreme investment in one strategy or the other. The J-shaped activity–abundance community distribution derived from this analysis explains the high proportion low-active prokaryotes as a consequence of extreme defense as an alternative to explanations based on dormancy or death due to nutrient starvation.
Conversational sequences and preference for indirect speech acts

Two experiments are reported examining people's preferences for indirect speech acts in making requests in conversation. We investigated the effect of pre‐requests (e.g., “Do you sell Marlboros? ”) which prepares the addressee for an upcoming request, (e.g., “I'll take two packs”). We hypothesized that pre‐requests function to remove any obstacles to compliance for the addressee and predicted that speakers would produce different kinds of request forms in situations where a pre‐request has been made than in contexts where pre‐requests were not present. The results of Experiment 1 showed this to be true for both service encounters and detour situations where a speaker must interrupt the ongoing activities of the addressee to insert the request. In Experiment 2 subjects read and ranked different conversational sequences used in making indirect requests. The data indicated that in both service encounters and detour situations subjects most prefer conversations where the addressee in tum offers to fulfill the .
Growth factors secreted by fibroblasts: role in healing diabetic foot ulcers

' ( ' ' ' ' ' ) ! ( ' ! ( * )) ' + , ' ' ) ( + ! ( ' ' ) ' ' ) * )) ( ' ' ' ( ) ( + ' ' ( ) . ) /"0 ' (. ( ' 1 ( ' ' ' )) ) ' ( ' ' ) ' ( ) ( ' ( 2 ' ) ' * )) ' ' ' ' ) ' ' . ' ( ' ( ! ' ) ( ' 3' ' )) ( 1 ! (. 4 ' ' ! 4 ( 1 2 ' ! ) ' ) ) ' ! ) (. /%4&0 ! ) . ) ) ' ' ' 2 ( ' ! ) ) )! ) + ( .! (( /50 6 ' .! ( ) ! ' ! ( ' ( + ' ' /74 "80 , ! ( ! 6 * )) ' ) ' ) + ' ( ' ) 2 /""0 ' ! 1 /"%0 ' ) ! ' ' ) ' ) ' + ' /"90 ) + ( 6 ) ! ' ) ( ! ) ' ' ! * )) ) ' ' ' ' ' ' ) ( ' ' ) ) ! ( ! 2 ) ' ) 6 ' ( ( ' ( ' ! ) ) )! ) ( ) ( ) ! ' . ) ! /"&0 ( ' ) 6 ( ' ' ( ( ' ! ' ) (( 6 ) ) /"50 2 ' (( ( ' (( ( ' 6 ) ) (( ' ) + (
What’s the point? Anti-racism and students’ voices against Islamophobia

In a climate of Islamophobic racism, where media racism saturates our TV screens and newspapers, where racism on the streets, on campus, in our community become everyday realities, I ask, what can we – teachers, lecturers and educationalists – do in the work of anti-racism in education? This article examines classroom debates on Islamophobia by exploring the connections between student experiences and the wider social political issues and ideologies that create and re-enforce racism. The underlying interest for me is to examine the ways in which classroom interaction; dialogue and exchanges can undo racist thinking by informed anti-racist critique. This article has three sections; first, I discuss the multicultural and anti-racist discourses within education in the British context. I then go on to explore theoretical developments found in Critical Race Theory (CRT) as a tool for this anti-racism in education. In the second section I examine Islamophobia, the hatred of Muslims, as a measurement of current racism. My interest is to explore the meanings of Islamophobia, and its relevance to students lived realities. Media representation and text on Islamophobia are used as a way of pulling out the student views and lived experiences of such racism. In the final section I raise the question of ‘what’s the point of studying racism? ’ Here I discuss a class seminar on the viewing of a YouTube role play of a racist incident against a hijaab wearing woman. The point here is to unpack student’s views and reactions to Islamophobia. I conclude that classroom discussions can be a place where anti-racist, anti-sexist and anti-oppressive views emerge to inform the discussion for social justice in education.
Suicidal Behavior and Prevention in Adolescence

Suicidal behavior in youth is not uncommon and cmnntly one of the leading causes of death in adolescence in many countries around the world. Individual risk factors for suicidality in youth include: p! >ychiatric disorder; cet1ain personality characteristics; genetics; gender; sexual orientation; and previous suicide attempts. Fan1ily psychopathology and environmental factors such as media contagion also contribute as risk factors. Developmental issues, including: the establishment of independence and intimate relationships; as well as the pursuit of personal and career goals; may also provide stressors leading to suicidality. Prevention and intervention strategies are considered and include: early detection and treatment of mental disorders that increase suicide risk; increasing mental health services; training non-mental health professionals to assess for suicidality in young people; and providing post-attempt assessment and treatment. * Correspondence: Professor Hatim A Omar, :MD, FAAP, Director of Adolescent Medicine and Young Parent programs, J422 Kentucky Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Kentucky Children's Hospital, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536 United States. E-mail: haomar:'. @uky.edu.
Restoring the sense of touch with a prosthetic hand through a brain interface

Significance Our ability to manipulate objects relies fundamentally on sensory signals originating from the hand. To restore motor function with upper-limb neuroprostheses requires that somatosensory feedback be provided to the tetraplegic patient or amputee. Accordingly, we have developed approaches to convey sensory information critical for object manipulation—information about contact location, pressure, and timing—through intracortical microstimulation of somatosensory cortex. In experiments with nonhuman primates, we show that we can elicit percepts that are projected to a localized patch of skin, that track the pressure exerted on the skin, and that signal the timing of contact events. We anticipate that the proposed biomimetic feedback will constitute an important step in restoring touch to individuals who have lost it. Our ability to manipulate objects dexterously relies fundamentally on sensory signals originating from the hand. To restore motor function with upper-limb neuroprostheses requires that somatosensory feedback be provided to the tetraplegic patient or amputee. Given the complexity of state-of-the-art prosthetic limbs and, thus, the huge state space they can traverse, it is desirable to minimize the need for the patient to learn associations between events impinging on the limb and arbitrary sensations. Accordingly, we have developed approaches to intuitively convey sensory information that is critical for object manipulation—information about contact location, pressure, and timing—through intracortical microstimulation of primary somatosensory cortex. In experiments with nonhuman primates, we show that we can elicit percepts that are projected to a localized patch of skin and that track the pressure exerted on the skin. In a real-time application, we demonstrate that animals can perform a tactile discrimination task equally well whether mechanical stimuli are delivered to their native fingers or to a prosthetic one. Finally, we propose that the timing of contact events can be signaled through phasic intracortical microstimulation at the onset and offset of object contact that mimics the ubiquitous on and off responses observed in primary somatosensory cortex to complement slowly varying pressure-related feedback. We anticipate that the proposed biomimetic feedback will considerably increase the dexterity and embodiment of upper-limb neuroprostheses and will constitute an important step in restoring touch to individuals who have lost it.
Epidemiology of prostate cancer in Asian countries

The incidence of prostate cancer has been increasing worldwide in recent years. The GLOBOCAN project showed that prostate cancer was the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer mortality among men worldwide in 2012. This trend has been growing even in Asian countries, where the incidence had previously been low. However, the accuracy of data about incidence and mortality as a result of prostate cancer in some Asian countries is limited. The cause of this increasing trend is multifactorial. One possible explanation is changes in lifestyles due to more Westernized diets. The incidence is also statistically biased by the wide implementation of early detection systems and the accuracy of national cancer registration systems, which are still immature in most Asian countries. Mortality rate decreases in Australia, New Zealand and Japan since the 1990s are possibly due to the improvements in treatment and/or early detection efforts employed. However, this rate is increasing in the majority of other Asian countries. Studies of latent and incidental prostate cancer provide less biased information. The prevalence of latent and incidental prostate cancer in contemporary Japan and Korea is similar to those in Western countries, suggesting the influence of lifestyle changes on carcinogenesis. Many studies reported evidence of both congenital and acquired risk factors for carcinogenesis of prostate cancer. Recent changes in the acquired risk factors might be associated with the increasing occurrence of prostate cancer in Asian countries. This trend could continue, especially in developing Asian countries.
Knowledge Management Systems Development: Theory and Practice

The intricate crafting of online educational systems lie within three principal activities: Design of the system, implementation, and proper post-implementation assessment. There is not enough knowledge or experience in all regards. Efficient execution of these three major activities necessitates the use of design and pedagogical models to achieve cost and time efficiency, as well as high pedagogical quality. Models represent a structured approach to analysis and promote quantifiable feedback that can be monitored. Components of an online educational system would benefit from a design process. Similarly, utilization of the online educational system would benefit from a structured approach to design, implementation, and student’s assessment. Following the technology adoption theory, understanding individual’s behavior towards technology usage would focus on instrumental beliefs driving intentions. However, this may not be the case with online educational systems because the context and setup is significantly different from previous technology adoption studies. Therefore, the implementation of an online educational system should be designed based on established pedagogical principles, and once developed the assessment of students’ behavior should be monitored using management information systems methodology. In this paper, we present the design of an online education system, and the experience of the students using the system. A survey methodology approach is followed and assessment results are discussed. The technology acceptance model and the theory of planned behavior were used to identify significant constructs as antecedents to intentions. Scale validation for both models indicates that the operational measures have acceptable psychometric properties. Confirmatory factor analysis supports both models. Structural equation analysis provides evidence for the superiority of the theory of planned behavior in explaining students’ behavior towards educational online systems. Limitation, implications, design recommendations, and suggestions for future research are then discussed.
Additive effects of combined angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II antagonism on blood pressure and renin release in sodium-depleted normotensives.

BACKGROUND Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors do not decrease plasma angiotensin (Ang) II levels 24 hours after drug intake to the same extent as at peak. This intermittent partial "escape" is explained either by a renin-mediated reactive rise in plasma Ang I or by non-ACE-dependent Ang II generation. We therefore tested the hypothesis that a combination of ACE inhibition and Ang II blockade may have additive biological and hemodynamic effects. METHODS AND RESULTS In a single-dose, double-blind, randomized, four-way, crossover study, an Ang II antagonist (losartan 50 mg), an ACE inhibitor (captopril 50 mg), their combination, and matched placebos were orally administered to 12 normotensive male volunteers maintained in mild sodium depletion. When captopril 50 mg and losartan 50 mg were given alone, the magnitude of their effects on blood pressure, plasma active renin, Ang I, and aldosterone was similar, whereas the kinetics of their effects were different, reflecting differences in drug pharmacokinetics. The losartan-captopril combination completely suppressed the rise in plasma Ang II induced by losartan 2 hours after drug intake (3.3 +/- 3.6 pg/mL versus 20.3 +/- 19.1 pg/mL, respectively, P < .05). Six hours after drug intake, the losartan-captopril combination induced a significantly greater decrease in mean blood pressure than that produced by either losartan or captopril alone (73 +/- 7 mm Hg versus 79 +/- 8 mm Hg versus 81 +/- 7 mm Hg, respectively, P < .05). The maximum placebo-subtracted falls in mean blood pressure for the losartan-captopril combination, captopril 50 mg, and losartan 50 mg were 14 +/- 5 mm Hg, 10 +/- 3 mm Hg, and 9 +/- 6 mm Hg, respectively (F2.22 = 3.45, P < .05). The duration of the mean blood pressure fall was not prolonged by the combination. After combined losartan-captopril administration, the area under the plasma active renin versus time curve (0 to 24 hours) was significantly increased when compared with either losartan or captopril alone (6404 +/- 2961 pg.h.mL-1 versus 3105 +/- 1461 pg.h.mL-1 versus 2092 +/- 867 pg.h.mL-1, respectively, P < .05). The combination had no additive effects on plasma aldosterone decrease when compared with either losartan or captopril alone (58 +/- 17% versus 51 +/- 20% versus 53 +/- 21%, respectively, NS). CONCLUSIONS The combined administration of a standard single oral dose of an ACE inhibitor and an Ang II antagonist to mildly sodium-depleted normal subjects (1) had a major additive effect on plasma renin rise, (2) induced an additional mean blood pressure reduction, and (3) had no additive effect on plasma aldosterone fall.
PENERAPAN DATA MINING UNTUK MENGKLASIFIKASI PENERIMA DAN BUKAN PENERIMA KARTU IDENTITAS MISKIN (KIM) KELURAHAN SUMURREJO GUNUNGPATI DENGAN METODE NAIVE BAYES CLASSIFIER

Hasil final uji publik kependudukan tahun 2011 mencatat jumlah warga Kelurahan Sumurrejo sebanyak 1559 KK dengan jumlah warga miskin (gakin) sebanyak 974 KK. Sedangkan pada tahun 2013 terdapat kenaikan jumlah penduduk sebanyak 1,8%, dengan total penduduk tahun 2013 adalah 5415 jiwa dari 1578 KK. Untuk gakin Kelurahan Sumurrejo tahun 2013 juga mengalami peningkatan sebanyak 5,45% dengan total gakin 1027 KK. Banyaknya warga miskin membuat pemerintah Kota Semarang menetapkan data gakin dengan cara membuat Kartu Identitas Miskin (KIM) yang merupakan pengganti Surat Keterangan Tidak Mampu (SKTM). Tetapi banyak terjadi masalah dalam pendistribusian kartu KIM tersebut, sebagai contoh di kelurahan Barusari terdapat 482 KK yang berhak mendapat KIM tetapi sampai hari pembagian kartu masih belum ada kejelasan. Untuk menganalisis penerima kartu KIM maka digunakan data mining dengan teknik klasifikasi yang apabila sudah diketahui bisa mengurangi ketidaksinkronan data antara penerima dan bukan penerima kartu KIM. Metode yang digunakan yaitu naive bayes classifier, dan desain penelitian dengan menggunakan CRISP-DM. Data penelitian adalah data warga miskin kelurahan Sumurrejo Kecamatan Gunungpati Kota Semarang tahun 2013 yang dievaluasi menggunakan confusion matrix dan divalidasi dengan teknik split validation. Hasil akurasi tertinggi didapatkan setelah data penelitian dikonversi yaitu 93,06%
Control analysis for non-axisymmetric resistive wall mode stabilization in the DIII-D tokamak

Control schemes and sensor types for the nonaxisymmetric resistive wall mode (RWM) stabilization in the DIII-D tokamak are compared. The analysis is based on a system response model for the RWMs in DIII-D and the modelling uses a toroidal current sheet to represent the plasma surface and a combination of helical and circulating "picture frame" currents to represent the conducting structure. The instability driving term and corresponding growth rate are derived from specification of the critical wall distance beyond which the mode will be magneto hydro dynamic unstable. Based on this model, control analysis is applied to investigate achievable closed loop behavior in terms of damping, robustness and control activity. The results show that with reasonable control signals, the RWMs can be stabilized. In addition, with sensors inside the wall, rather than outside, twice as good robustness towards variation in the RWM growth rate is achieved.
Water Balance of a Feedlot

The overall purpose of this study was to define the water balance of feedlot pens in a Saskatchewan cattle feeding operation for a one year period. Although the initial intention of the study was focused upon an active feedlot, cattle were removed from the pens in July 2003. Therefore, the year of analysis was conducted on the manured surface of an inactive feedlot. The water balance was also performed on a scraped soil surface, since manure is removed from the pens and spread on agricultural land, leaving the pen surfaces bare for a short period of time each year. During the monitoring period (Sept. 2003 to Aug. 2004), 313 mm of precipitation was received at the feedlot, but only 84 mm of that total was received before June 2004. Winter precipitation was very low (33 mm) and there was no observed runoff from it. Runoff collection weirs in operation for only part of the summer recorded no runoff. The Green-Ampt and USDA SCS runoff models, as well as a snowmelt runoff equation, were used to predict runoff from both the manure pack, as well as the scraped soil surface. Using manure and soil hydraulic parameters determined in the laboratory (from falling head permeameter measurements) and the field (from rainfall simulations), as well as incorporating the greatest 24 hour rainfall amounts and 30 minute intensities experienced at the feedlot, the USDA model found that 29 mm of runoff would occur from the scraped soil surface. Additionally, snowmelt runoff was estimated to be 19 mm for the winter precipitation received. Drainage beneath the 0.6 m soil depth was negligible and the top 0.6 m of soil experienced an increase in moisture of 54 mm. Finally, 211 mm was lost as evaporation. For the manure pack, no runoff was predicted using the Green-Ampt and USDA SCS models and snowmelt runoff equation, which corresponded well to the lack of runoff measured both from the weir and rainfall simulations. Drainage beneath 0.6 m soil depth was negligible. Of the 313 mm of precipitation that fell during the study year, 42 mm was stored within the manure pack and the rest was lost as evaporation (271 mm).
State of the Art in Traffic Classification: A Research Review

The Internet, while emerging as the key component for all sorts of communication, is far from well-understood. The goal of traffic classification is to understand the type of traffic carried on the Internet, which continually evolves in scope and complexity. For security and privacy reasons, many applications have emerged that utilize obfuscation techniques such as random ports, encrypted data transmission, or proprietary communication protocols. Further, applications adapt rapidly in the face of attempts to detect certain types of traffic, creating a challenge for traffic classification schemes. Research papers on Internet traffic classification try to classify whatever traffic samples a researcher can find, with no systematic integration of results. With the exception of machine learning techniques for traffic classification, we know of no complete overview of traffic classification attempts. To fill this gap, we have created a structured taxonomy of traffic classification papers and their datasets. To illustrate its utility, we use the taxonomy to answer the recently most popular question about traffic (“How much is peer-to-peer file sharing? ”). Our survey also reveals open issues and challenges in traffic classification.
Title The Effects of Hypoxia and Inflammation on SynapticFunction in the CNS

Normal brain function is highly dependent on oxygen and nutrient supply and when the demand for oxygen exceeds its supply, hypoxia is induced. Acute episodes of hypoxia may cause a depression in synaptic activity in many brain regions, whilst prolonged exposure to hypoxia leads to neuronal cell loss and death. Acute inadequate oxygen supply may cause anaerobic metabolism and increased respiration in an attempt to increase oxygen intake whilst chronic hypoxia may give rise to angiogenesis and erythropoiesis in order to promote oxygen delivery to peripheral tissues. The effects of hypoxia on neuronal tissue are exacerbated by the release of many inflammatory agents from glia and neuronal cells. Cytokines, such as TNF-α, and IL-1β are known to be released during the early stages of hypoxia, causing either local or systemic inflammation, which can result in cell death. Another growing body of evidence suggests that inflammation can result in neuroprotection, such as preconditioning to cerebral ischemia, causing ischemic tolerance. In the following review we discuss the effects of acute and chronic hypoxia and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines on synaptic transmission and plasticity in the central nervous system. Specifically we discuss the effects of the pro-inflammatory agent TNF-α during a hypoxic event.