Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DIFFERENTIATION OF THE SOCIAL SITUATION IN EUROPEAN POST-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES

After 1989, the countries today called post-communist began a tedious process of systemic transformation. Its result is progressive differentiation of the situation in them. The aim of the study is to analyse social differentiation in these countries. This was done in three dimensions based on 6 indicators: civil liberties (World Press Freedom Index, Doing Business ranking), wealth, but depicted more comprehensively than just in economic terms (Legatum Prosperity Index, Social Progress Index), gender/sexual equality (Gender Development Index, Human Rights Situation of LGBTI). In the course of analysis, it was found that the best situation prevails in the countries which are currently members of the European Union (except for Lithuania, Bulgaria, and Romania) and the worst one is in the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States plus Albania and Macedonia.
On ﬂow magnitude and ﬁeld-ﬂow alignment at Earth’s core surface

We present a method to estimate the typical magnitude of ﬂow close to Earth’s core surface based on observational knowledge of the geomagnetic main ﬁeld (MF) and its secular variation (SV), together with prior information concerning ﬁeld-ﬂow alignment gleaned from numerical dynamo models. An expression linking the core surface ﬂow magnitude to spherical harmonic spectra of the MF and SV is derived from the magnetic induction equation. This involves the angle γ between the ﬂow and the horizontal gradient of the radial ﬁeld. We study γ in a suite of numerical dynamo models and discuss the physical mechanisms that control it. Horizontal ﬂow is observed to approximately follow contours of the radial ﬁeld close to high-latitude ﬂux bundles, while more efﬁcient induction occurs at lower latitudes where predominantly zonal ﬂows are often perpendicular to contours of the radial ﬁeld. We show that the amount of ﬁeld-ﬂow alignment depends primarily on a magnetic modiﬁed Rayleigh number Ra η = α g 0 (cid:5) TD /η(cid:6) , which measures the vigour of convective driving relative to the strength of magnetic dissipation. Synthetic tests of the ﬂow magnitude estimation scheme are encouraging, with results differing from true values by less than 8 per cent. Application to a high-quality geomagnetic ﬁeld model based on satellite observations (the xCHAOS model in epoch 2004.0) leads to a ﬂow magnitude estimate of 11–14 km yr − 1 , in accordance with previous estimates. When applied to the historical geomagnetic ﬁeld model gufm1 for the interval 1840.0–1990.0, the method predicts temporal variations in ﬂow magnitude similar to those found in earlier studies. The calculations rely primarily on knowledge of the MF and SV spectra; by extrapolating these beyond observed scales the inﬂuence of small scales on ﬂow magnitude estimates is assessed. Exploring three possible spectral extrapolations we ﬁnd that the magnitude of the core surface ﬂow, including small scales, is likely less than 50 km yr − 1 .
Retrieval Based Face Annotation By WLRLCC With Supervised Learning

— Retrieval based face annotation is a gifted model in mining huge web facial images for automated face annotation. A new method for naming the faces of images is proposed. Weak labels of images are used for this purpose. The WLRLCC (Weak Labels using Rise Local Coordinate Coding) method is used for annotating the facial images. Initially extract the features from all the images of the image database and then from the face to be annotated. Then calculate the Euclidian distance for the b suitable name. The extracted features are known as the RISE descriptor. The first challenge is how to competently retrieve a short list of most equivalent facial images from facial image databases, and the second challenge is how to efficiently achieve annotation by exploiting these similar facial images and their weak labels which are repeatedly noisy and unfinished
MR Myelography'

Purpose: We performed this study to describe the findings of MR Myelography(MRM) of herniated disc dis ease , spinal stenosis and spinal tumor and to evaluate the usefulness of the MRM in comparison to MR I. Materials and Methods: MRI and MRM were performed in 31 patients with herniated disc disease(12 patients) , spinal stenosis(11 patients) and spinal tumor(8 patients). MRI and MRM were done with 1.5-T Signa MR , using fat suppressed heavily T2-weighted fast spin echo technique. We retrospectively analyzed MRM images about the thecal sac indentation , compression or displacement of the nerve root , extent and degree of narrowing of spinal canal , relationship between spinal tumor and spinal cord. MRM findings were compared with MRI in all cases. Results: In 18 herniated disc cases of 12 patients , focal fill ing defect with cutoff or displacement of the nerve root in eight cases of paracentral herniated disc was seen. Cutoff and displacement of the nerve root were more clearly delineated on MRM than MR I. In the patients of spinal stenosis(11 cases l, hourglass deformity of the thecal sac or complete spinal block of the subarachnoid space was clearly demonstrated. The extent and severity of spinal stenosis were more accurately evaluated on MRM than MR I. MRM finding of intramedullary tumor(3 cases) was enlargement of spinal cord. Five cases of intradural extramedullary tumor showed intradural filling defect , which caused contralateral displacement of the spinal cord with meniscus sign on inferior margin of the mass. Conclusion: MRM shows characteristic findings of herniated disc disease , spinal stenosis and spinal tumor. MRM yields excellent definition of the thecal sac , nerve roots and nerve root sleeves in relation to herniated disc and may be more accurate in evaluation of the degree and extent of spinal stenosis than MR I.
If only there were no liquidity constraints

: Based on a simple stochastic model, we illustrate that an ineligible change of numéraire leads to arbitrage opportunities. This observation is particularly interesting in the current low interest rate environment, where one could generate less expensive zero-coupon bonds. Abstract. Based on a simple stochastic model, we illustrate that an ineligible change of numéraire leads to arbitrage opportunities. This observation is particularly interesting in the current low interest rate environment, where one could generate less expensive zero-coupon bonds; see also [ 3 ].
A model of work-integrated learning to prepare educational administrators for Thailand

This research aimed to 1) synthesize components of work-integrated learning, 2) investigate current conditions, problems, and factors supporting to success, and 3) develop and verify a model of work-integrated learning to prepare educational administrators for Thailand. Instruments used in this research were a component synthesis, an open-ended question, and a 5 rating-scale questionnaire. Data were analyzed by mean and standard deviation. Results of the research were found that the work-integrated learning consisted of 5 components. The current conditions were overall at a high level, problems were overall at a moderate level, and all factors supporting to success were overall at a high level, especially factors concerning curriculum and learners. The developed model of work-integrated learning was named “POSO (ria) CDEM” model, consisting of 8 components. The model used for the development had the processes of developing knowledge and experiences to prepare educational administrators for Thailand consisted of 5 steps as follows: 1) creating basic knowledge, 2) practicing how to teach thinking, 3) bringing thinking skills to the classroom, 4) exchanging work reﬂections, and 5) organizing the sustainable work system. As regards the model veriﬁcation, it was found all experts had veriﬁed the accuracy and suitability. Therefore, the developed model could be used as a master model to publish all over Thailand.
Managerial Aspects of Forming E nterprises’ Competitive Advantages: The Case of Agri-food Sector

This study develops a methodological approach to evaluating the competitive advantages of agri-food companies in Ukraine. The materials used within the examination process were taken from 15 Ukrainian agri-food enterprises. The research methods were a multivariate linear regression model and cluster analysis. As a result of the regression model formation, a close relationship was revealed between firms’ competitiveness, potential, financial status, and production output and sales. Determination of the values of independent variables allowed predicting changes in the competitiveness of the studied agri-food enterprises for the next five years.
Global recent star formation in normal galaxies from a multiwavelength study. Comparison with their gas content.

Global UV (2000 A), Hα, FIR and radio continuum emissions of normal disk galaxies are discussed as potential tracers of current star formation using two samples of 34 and 55 galaxies. A model of dust extinction correction for the UV fluxes of galaxies based on their total FIR emission is presented. The mean extinction found with this model is in agreement with previous estimates using the HI surface density of the galaxies whereas individual corrections do not correlate with any gas component (atomic or molecular) with the exception of a dispersed correlation with the total gas surface density. As expected, FIR and radio continuum emissions per unit area are found to correlate very well, as well as the UV and Hα ones
Comparison of Real-Time Multiplex Human Papillomavirus (HPV) PCR Assays with the Linear Array HPV Genotyping PCR Assay and Inﬂuence of DNA Extraction Method on HPV Detection (cid:1) ‡

Real-time human papillomavirus (HPV) type-speciﬁc multiplex PCR assays were developed to detect HPV DNA in specimens collected for the efﬁcacy determination of the quadrivalent HPV (type 6, 11, 16, and 18) L1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine (Gardasil). We evaluated the concordance between type-speciﬁc multiplex HPV PCR and the widely used, commercially available Roche Linear Array genotyping PCR assay. Female genital swab specimens were tested for the presence of L1, E6, and E7 sequences of HPV type 6 (HPV6), HPV11, HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, HPV45, HPV52, and HPV58 and E6 and E7 sequences of HPV33, HPV35, HPV39, HPV51, HPV56, and HPV59 in type- and gene-speciﬁc real-time multiplex PCR assays. Specimens were also tested for the presence of L1 sequences using two versions of the Roche Linear Array genotyping assay. Measures of concordance of a modiﬁed version of the Linear Array and the standard Linear Array PCR assay were evaluated. With specimen DNA extraction using the Qiagen Spin blood kit held as the constant, multiplex PCR assays detect more HPV-positive specimens HPV of Linear Array HPV genotyping assay. assays PCR PCR modiﬁed alternate extraction in multiplex
Nonlinear Hawkes Processes

The Hawkes process is a simple point process that has long memory, clustering effect, self-exciting property and is in general non-Markovian. The future evolution of a self-exciting point process is influenced by the timing of the past events. There are applications in finance, neuroscience, genome analysis, seismology, sociology, criminology and many other fields. We first survey the known results about the theory and applications of both linear and nonlinear Hawkes processes. Then, we obtain the central limit theorem and process-level, i.e. level-3 large deviations for nonlinear Hawkes processes. The level-1 large deviation principle holds as a result of the contraction principle. We also provide an alternative variational formula for the rate function of the level-1 large deviations in the Markovian case. Next, we drop the usual assumptions on the nonlinear Hawkes process and categorize it into different regimes, i.e. sublinear, sub-critical, critical, super-critical and explosive regimes. We show the different time asymptotics in different regimes and obtain other properties as well. Finally, we study the limit theorems of linear Hawkes processes with random marks.
University of Birmingham Set families with a forbidden pattern

A balanced pattern of order 2 d is an element P ∈ { + , −} 2 d , where both signs appear d times. Two sets A, B ⊂ [ n ] form a P -pattern, which we denote by pat( A, B ) = P , if A (cid:52) B = { j 1 , . , j 2 d } with 1 ≤ j 1 < · · · < j 2 d ≤ n and { i ∈ [2 d ] : P i = + } = { i ∈ [2 d ] : j i ∈ A \ B } . We say A ⊂ P [ n ] is P -free if pat( A, B ) (cid:54) = P for all A, B ∈ A . We consider the following extremal question: how large can a family A ⊂ P [ n ] be if A is P -free? We prove a number of results on the sizes of such families. In particular, we show that for some ﬁxed c > 0, if P is a d -balanced pattern with d < c log log n then |A| = o (2 n ). We then give stronger bounds in the cases when (i) P consists of d + signs, followed by d − signs and (ii) P consists of alternating signs. In both cases, if d = o ( √ n ) then |A| = o (2 n ). In the case of (i), this is tight.
Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of breast cancer patients with a history of endometrial cancer

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the clinicopathological features and prognostic characteristics of breast cancer (BC) patients with a history of endometrial cancer (EMC). Methods A thousand three hundred and twenty-four BC patients with a history of EMC were analyzed retrospectively. Patients with primary BC were matched as controls according to the distribution of year of diagnosis. The clinicopathological features and tumor-specific survival were compared including the age of diagnosis, the affected side, type of pathology, histological degree of differentiation, hormone receptor status, lymph node metastasis and clinical staging. Results The incidence of BC in patients with EMC was 1.69%, which was 4-8 times that of the general population. Compared with primary BC, secondary BC had a higher diagnostic age of more than 60 years and a lower proportion of lymph node metastasis. There were no significant differences in the affected side, pathological type, differentiation degree, hormone receptor status and clinical stage between the two groups. The history of EMC is an independent protective factor for BC ( HR =0.653, P =0.002). For patients with positive hormone receptors, dependent and similar susceptibility genes. The history of EMC may have protective effect for hormone receptor-positive BC patients.
COMPARISON OF EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF PIPERACILLIN/TAZOBACTAM PLUS AMIKACIN (PTA) VERSUS CEFTRIAXONE PLUS AMIKACIN (CA) IN MANAGEMENT OF COMPLICATED PNEUMONIAS IN CHILDREN

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of piperacillin/tazobactam plus amikacin versus ceftriaxone plus amikacin for treating complicated pneumonias in children. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized, comparative, open label & parallel study was done on 40 children of either sex and age between 2 to 14 years having complicated pneumonia.They were randomly allocated with the help of computer generated random numbers to receive either piperacillin/tazobactam plus amikacin(PTA group) or ceftriaxone plus amikacin(CA group). Efficacy assessment was done by observing sign and symptoms of pneumonia i.e fever, cough (productive or non-productive), dyspnoea, chest pain etc. & laboratory investigations like chest X-ray & pleural fluid examination. The number of days patients were hospitalized, was noted and a record was maintained. The number of patients who required oxygen inhalation and needed mechanical ventilation, was also noted. Safety assessment was done by observing the side effects of antibiotic therapy. Results: Duration of fever in PTA group was 3.70 ± 0.46 days while in CA group it was 5.30 ± 0.51 days. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Duration of hospital stay in PTA group was 12.00 ± 0.95 days and in CA group was 14.70 ± 0.70 days and this difference was statistically significant with the p value of 0.028. Sixteen (80%) patients in PTA group were cured whereas in CA group thirteen (65%) patients were cured. Regarding the therapeutic success of medication, no statistically significant group. Both the treatment regimens were well tolerated with minor ADRs. Conclusions : Both the treatment groups i.e. piperacillin/tazobactam plus amikacin (PTA) and ceftriaxone plus amikacin (CA) were found to be safe & efficacious in management of complicated pneumonia in children. On comparing the above mentioned treatment groups, better response was observed in PTA as compared to CA group.
Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation Local Tissue Chemokine Responses following The Duffy Antigen Modifies Systemic and

The Duffy blood group Ag (dfy) binds selective CXC and CC chemokines at high afﬁnity and is expressed on erythrocytes and endothelial cells. However, it does not transmit a signal via G proteins, as occurs with other seven-transmembrane receptors. We hypothesized that dfy functions as a chemokine reservoir and regulates inﬂammation by altering soluble chemokine concentrations in the blood and tissue compartments. We determined whether Duffy Ag “loss-of-function” phenotypes (human and murine) are associated with alterations in plasma chemokine concentrations during the innate inﬂammatory response to LPS. Plasma CXCL8 and CCL2 concentrations from humans homozygous for the GATA-1 box polymorphism, a dfy polymorphism that abrogates erythrocyte chemokine binding, were higher than in heterozygotes following LPS stimulation of their whole blood in vitro. Similarly, dfy (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice showed higher plasma MIP-2 concentrations than dfy (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice following LPS stimulation of whole blood in vitro. We then determined the relative contributions of erythrocyte and endothelial Duffy Ag in modifying chemokine concentrations and neutrophil recruitment in the lungs following intratracheal LPS administration in dfy (cid:1) / (cid:1) and dfy (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice reconstituted with dfy (cid:1) / (cid:1) or dfy (cid:2) / (cid:2) marrow. Mice lacking endothelial dfy expression had higher MIP-2 and keratinocyte chemoattractant concentrations in the airspaces. Mice lacking erythrocyte dfy had higher MIP-2 and keratinocyte chemoattractant concentrations in the lung tissue vascular space, but lower plasma chemokine concentrations associated with attenuated neutrophil recruitment into the airspaces. These data indicate that dfy alters soluble chemokine concentrations in blood and local tissue compartments and enhances systemic bioavailability of chemokines produced during local tissue inﬂammation. The Journal of Immunology, 2006, 177: 8086–8094.
Algorithm analysis and efficient computation of conservation laws

In the first part, we prove a cell entropy inequality for a class of high order discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods developed by Cockburn and Shu for the approximation of conservation laws. This inequality implies convergence of the methods for one-dimensional scalar convex conservation laws and is valid for any order and general triangulations with or without limiting. It also implies that the discontinuous Galerkin methods are $L\sp2$ stable. In the second part, we modify and test high order WENO (weighted essentially non-oscillatory) finite difference schemes of Liu, Osher and Chan. It has been shown by Liu et al. that WENO schemes constructed from the $r\sp{th}$ order (in L$\sp1$ norm) ENO schemes are ($r$ + l)$\sp{th}$ order accurate. We propose a new way of measuring the smoothness of a numerical solution which results in a 5$\sp{th}$ WENO scheme for the case $r$ = 3 (instead of 4$\sp{th}$ with the original smoothness measurement by Liu et al.). This 5$\sp{th}$ order WENO scheme is as fast as the 4$\sp{th}$ order WENO scheme of Liu et al and, both of the two schemes are about twice as fast as the 4$\sp{th}$ order ENO schemes on vector supercomputers and as fast on serial machines (therefore on parallel machines as well). For Euler systems of gas dynamics, we suggest to compute the weights from pressure and entropy instead of the characteristic values to simplify the costly characteristic procedure. The resulting WENO schemes are about twice as fast as the previous WENO schemes (which use the characteristic values to compute weights), and work well for problems which do not contain strong shocks or strong reflected waves. Many numerical tests are presented to demonstrate the remarkable capability of the WENO schemes, especially the 5$\sp{th}$ order WENO scheme using the new smoothness measurement, in resolving-complicated shock structures.
AI-based detection of lung lesions in [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET-CT from lung cancer patients

Background: [ 18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET-CT) is a well-established modality in the work-up of patients with suspected or confirmed diagnosis of lung cancer. Recent research efforts have focused on extracting theragnostic and textural information from manually indicated lung lesions. Both semi-automatic and fully automatic use of artificial intelligence (AI) to localise and classify FDG-avid foci has been demonstrated. To fully harness AI ’ s usefulness, we have developed a method which both automatically detects abnormal lung lesions and calculates the total lesion glycolysis (TLG) on FDG PET-CT. Methods: One hundred twelve patients (59 females and 53 males) who underwent FDG PET-CT due to suspected or for the management of known lung cancer were studied retrospectively. These patients were divided into a training group (59%; n = 66), a validation group (20.5%; n = 23) and a test group (20.5%; n = 23). A nuclear medicine physician manually segmented abnormal lung lesions with increased FDG-uptake in all PET-CT studies. The AI-based method was trained to segment the lesions based on the manual segmentations. TLG was then calculated from manual and AI-based measurements, respectively and analysed with Bland-Altman plots. Results: The AI-tool ’ s performance in detecting lesions had a sensitivity of 90%. One small lesion was missed in two patients, respectively, where both had a larger lesion which was correctly detected. The positive and negative predictive values were 88% and 100%, respectively. The correlation between manual and AI TLG measurements was strong ( R 2 = 0.74). Bias was 42 g and 95% limits of agreement ranged from − 736 to 819 g. Agreement was particularly high in smaller lesions. Conclusions: The AI-based method is suitable for the detection of lung lesions and automatic calculation of TLG in small-to medium-sized tumours. In a clinical setting, it will have an added value due to its capability to sort out negative examinations resulting in prioritised and focused care on patients with potentially malignant lesions.
Full wave characterization of microstrip open end discontinuities patterned on anisotropic substrates using potential theory

A technique for the full-wave characterization of microstrip open end discontinuities fabricated on uniaxial anisotropic substrates using potential theory is presented. The substrate to be analyzed is enclosed in a cut-off waveguide, with the anisotropic axis aligned perpendicular to the air-dielectric interface. A full description of the sources on the microstrip line is included with edge conditions built in. Extension to other discontinuities is discussed. Results for several different anisotropic substrates as a function of microstrip line width are shown. <<ETX>>