Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Penggabungan Fitur Fuzzy Local Binary Pattern dan Fuzzy Color Histogram untuk Aplikasi Mobile Identifikasi Citra Tumbuhan Obat.

NI KADEK SRI WAHYUNI. Fusion of Fuzzy Local Binary Pattern and Fuzzy Color Histogram for Medicinal Plant Identification in Mobile Application. Supervised by YENI HERDIYENI. This research develops a mobile application based on Android operating system for identifying medicinal plant images. The identification is conducted based on texture and color feature. This research uses medicinal plants leaf images. The total medicinal plants used in this research is 51 species taken from Biofarmaka IPB, Cikabayan Farm, Green house Center Ex-Situ Conservation of Medicinal Plant Indonesia Tropical Forest and Kebun Raya Bogor. Each species consist of 48 images, thus the total image used in this research is 2448. This research investigates effectiveness of the fusion between the Fuzzy Local Binary Pattern (FLBP) and the Fuzzy Color Histogram (FCH) in order to identify medicinal plants. The FLBP method is used for extracting medicinal plants texture. This method extends the Local Binary Pattern (LBP) approach by employing fuzzy logic for representing the local patterns of texture images. Fuzzification allows the distribution of the LBP values is used as a feature vector. Moreover, the FCH method is used for extracting medicinal plants color. This method considers the color similarity of each color pixel associated with all the histogram bins through fuzzy-set membership function. Next, Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) algorithm is used to compute the membership values. The fusion of FLBP and FCH is done by using Product Decision Rules (PDR) method. This research uses Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) method to classify the FLBP and FCH feature vector. The experimental results show that the fusion between FLBP and FCH can improve the accuracy of medicinal plants identification (FLBP: 59.61%, FCH: 50.78%, fusion of FLBP and FCH: 74.51%).
Investigating Microplastics in the Mediterranean Coastal Areas – Case Study of Al-Hoceima Bay, Morocco

The issue of microplastics pollution is gaining increasing attention as a global environmental concern. These tiny particles, measuring no more than 5 mm in size and coming in various shapes, can affect all types of marine eco - systems as they are easily consumed by a wide range of marine species. Al-Hoceima Bay, with its semi-enclosed nature and heavily affected anthropized coastline, was chosen as the study area for this research. The main objec - tive was to investigate the presence of various microplastic types in Al-Hoceima Bay by implementing a sampling strategy along the coastline. This comprehensive approach was applied on a local scale within the bay (located in the northwest Mediterranean). Three stations were established in the bay, each located at different levels: the supralittoral, medilittoral and interlittoral. Microplastics were collected from these locations and classified into four categories based on their abundance. Digital microscopy was used to count the plastic particles and they were identified by Fourier transform-attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Results showed a higher presence of microplastics in water at 114 particles/L compared to sediment at 70 particles/L. The clas - sification of samples revealed fibers as the most prevalent form, followed by fragments and films being the least commonly found. The abundance of fibers was found to be higher in water 90%, while in sediment it was 31%, however, fragments and leaves were found in higher concentrations in sediment. Polypropylene and polyethylene were identified as the major polymers used in the microplastics analyzed.
Accuracy of atlantic and eastern north pacific tropical cyclone intensity forecast guidance

Abstract Five statistical and dynamical tropical cyclone intensity guidance techniques available at the National Hurricane Center (NHC) during the 2003 and 2004 Atlantic and eastern North Pacific seasons were evaluated within three intensity phases: (I) formation; (II) early intensification, with a subcategory (IIa) of a decay and reintensification cycle; and (III) decay. In phase I in the Atlantic, the various techniques tended to predict that a tropical storm would form from six tropical depressions that did not develop further, and thus the tendency was for false alarms in these cases. For the other 24 depressions that did become tropical storms, the statistical–dynamical techniques, statistical hurricane prediction scheme (SHIPS) and decay SHIPS (DSHIPS), have some skill relative to the 5-day statistical hurricane intensity forecast climatology and persistence technique, but they also tend to intensify all depressions and thus are prone to false alarms. In phase II, the statistical–dynamical models SH.
Towards a better understanding of volunteer engagement: self-determined motivations, self-expression needs and co-creation outcomes

PurposeNon-profit organizations (NPO) contribute significantly to the welfare of citizens and communities. Engagement in volunteering is crucial for sustaining volunteer motivation and for the effective and efficient functioning of NPO, with significant implications for society at large. Yet, literature on volunteer engagement (VE) is limited to date. Grounded on service-dominant logic, self-congruity theory and self-determination theory, this study aims to understand what motivates VE and how it may evolve into a co-creation process valuable to NPO and its stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachBased on survey data collected from 450 volunteers, working with a diverse set of NPO, a comprehensive model of drivers and outcomes of VE was empirically tested using PLS-SEM, considering the mediating role of volunteers' congruence with the core values of the NPO.FindingsThe impact of volunteers' perceived autonomy, competence and relatedness on VE and its subsequent role in volunteers' loyalty and extra-role engagement behaviors (i.e. co-development, influencing and mobilizing behaviors) were validated. Moreover, the study validates value congruence as an internalizing mediating mechanism in the engagement process, a role that has been implied but not empirically tested.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the engagement and volunteering literature, which despite an unprecedented parallel have developed almost independently, with limited reference to one another. As the nomological network of VE is still underexplored, the study extends the engagement literature to the volunteering sector, validating the key (but underexplored) role of self-determination needs and value congruence in driving VE and value co-creation behaviors. The study further adds to engagement research while addressing other actors' engagement beyond the customer–brand dyad. While adopting a seldom explored marketing perspective of VE, this study provides NPO valuable insights on how to manage and engage volunteers.
Gravitaxis in motile micro-organisms: the role of fore–aft body asymmetry

Scale model experiments on axially symmetric bodies exhibiting fore–aft asymmetry are described. Body shapes are specified by a three parameter equation: two of the parameters (a and b) describe the length and breadth of the body and the third (c) the degree of asymmetry. Objects of this shape orientate as they sediment downwards under gravity until the narrower end lies uppermost, after which they fall vertically downward with no further change in orientation. For the range of parameters investigated the sedimentation velocities, both when vertical and horizontal, are governed principally by a and b, while the rate of orientation is determined by c. The sedimentation characteristics of bodies which cannot be described exactly by the equation can be predicted approximately using best-fit values for a, b and c. These results are applied to consider the role of front–rear asymmetry in ciliated free-swimming micro-organisms. The shape asymmetry is probably sufficient to account for the observed orientation rates in the ciliated protozoan Paramecium. It is suggested that these results may be used to deduce the sedimentation behaviour of ciliates from microscope images of individual cells. In small flagellates such as Chlamydomonas the orientating effects of the protruding flagella are much larger than the effects of cell body asymmetry. The extreme sensitivity of the orientation rate to slight changes in body shape and flagellar beat patterns may explain why experiments to distinguish between various orientational mechanisms involved in gravitaxis have in the past produced equivocal results.
Melatonin Treatment of Strawberry Fruit during Storage Extends Its Post-Harvest Quality and Reduces Infection Caused by Botrytis cinerea

Gray mold is a main disease of strawberry fruit (Fragaria × xananassa cv. Camino Real) caused by Botrytis cinerea, which leads to marketable value losses in the supply chain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous melatonin (MT) on the physicochemical quality, antioxidant defense system, and disease resistance of strawberry fruit to B. cinerea infection. The results revealed that strawberry fruit immersed in 100 µM MT for 15 min effectively maintained its brightness and delayed the change in fruit color. MT also maintained the level of titratable acidity and slowed down the increase of total soluble solids in strawberry fruit. Moreover, strawberries immersed in MT maintained a fresh weight and fruit firmness, as well as reduced B. cinerea infection when compared to the untreated control fruit and fruit treated with 5% NaOCl. In addition, MT increased the accumulation of DPPH scavenging capacity and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and APX) with the exception of CAT. The same effect was also observed in strawberry fruit after immersion in MT and followed by B. cinerea inoculation. These findings demonstrated that exogenous MT could effectively maintain the postharvest quality of strawberries, even when the fruit was inoculated with B. cinerea.
Molecular hydrogen may activate the transcription factor Nrf2 to alleviate oxidative stress through the hydrogen-targeted porphyrin

Oxidative stress is one of the major causes of most age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders. Neurons accumulate oxidative damage over time due to post-mitotic cells. Thus, modulation of oxidative stress is essential to overcome these disorders. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has great potential for treating various diseases and improving quality of life by exerting multiple functions including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and energy metabolism promotion. Among these functions, H2 activates a transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to enhance the transcription of transcribe a broad range of anti-stress enzymes, including antioxidant enzymes. There was an elusive contradiction between H2 and Nrf2 because Nrf2 is activated in response to oxidative stress, whereas H2 has a reducing potential. The target molecule for H2 has recently been identified as the oxidized form of Fe-porphyrin conjugated with the -OH group (PrP-Fe(III)-OH). As the initial step, the hydroxyl radical (•OH) oxidizes heme (PrP-Fe(II)) to form PrP-Fe(III)-OH. Then, H2 reacts with PrP-Fe(III)-OH to produce PrP-Fe(III)-H and H2O. In turn, Fe(III) with H has the potential to act as an electrophile to oxidize Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), resulting in activating Nrf2. Thus, when the original highly damaging electrophilicity of •OH is buffered by H2 and its target porphyrin, the electrophilicity provided by •OH can indirectly activate Nrf2 to reduce oxidative stress. Even without lowering the dosage, the effect of alleviated potent is considered to be hormesis-like. This “Therapeutic Brief” propose that the alleviated oxidative potent of •OH functions to activate Nrf2 as hormesis-like. Keywords: Hematin, hydroxyl radical, molecular hydrogen, Nrf2, oxidative stress, porphyrin
Opto-thermal study of cooling strategies for high-luminance white-light solid-state sources

Solid-state sources have become ubiquitous is many lighting applications. For general lighting, phosphors are typically employed to produce white light from the narrowband light emitted from solid-state sources. As the optical output power from solid-state sources keeps increasing, increasingly higher luminance can be obtained, which, unfortunately, also increases the phosphor's temperature. These materials' colour conversion potential, encoded by the quantum yield, has complex dependencies with temperature. To obtain an accurate assessment of the performance of a high-luminance white light source configuration based on individual solid-state sources, it is imperative to accurately model the temperature distribution inside the phosphor material and consider the effect of temperature on the quantum yield of the phosphor. In addition, the feedback of the varying quantum yield on the generated heat inside the phosphor should also be considered. An opto-thermal framework has been previously proposed to accurately simulate the opto-thermal effects in phosphors when designing lighting systems. In this paper, this framework is applied to a novel optical configuration to investigate thermal bottlenecks and test cooling strategies to avoid them. For the specific configuration tested, using an active cooling strategy and concentrating the laser light on the phosphor region with the best thermal dissipation proved to be the best solutions.
Analytical Model of Guided Waves in Periodically Perforated Dielectric Structure and Its Applications to Terahertz Substrate-Integrated Image Guide (SIIG)

This article presents and derives an analytical model for accurately analyzing lossy dielectric waveguides in the THz regime. By considering the dielectric loss of waveguides and applying the impedance boundary condition (IBC), the proposed method can accurately simulate the waveguiding behavior. By applying the Fourier series expansion along with the Floquet theory, an analytical model is developed, which can effectively account for periodic perforations, which describes an inherent feature of substrate-integrated dielectric waveguides at THz frequencies. The applicability and high accuracy of the proposed method are demonstrated by providing several examples and comparisons with measurements from a fabricated prototype. The efficiency of the proposed method in terms of simulation runtime is compared with some commercial EM software packages. These results demonstrate that while the proposed method maintains a minimum accuracy of 95% compared with the CST Studio Suite and Ansys HFSS software, the simulation runtime is reduced by 300 times.
Reprogramming the Circadian Dynamics of Epileptic Genes in Mouse Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common and severe epilepsy displaying rhythmicity in humans and animals. However, how the circadian clock contributes to TLE remains elusive. A recent circadian analysis of the ventral hippocampal transcriptome of pilocarpine-induced TLE mice revealed as many as 1650 rhythmically expressed transcripts. Here, a comparison of the mouse ventral hippocampal transcriptome with the human epilepsy-related gene set identified 315 possible mouse epilepsy-related genes. Rhythmicity analysis classified them into arrhythmicity, loss-of-rhythmicity, gain-of-rhythmicity, and rhythmicity-maintaining groups. KEGG and GO analyses of these mouse epilepsy genes suggest their involvement in circadian entrainment. In TLE mice, Htr1d, Drd2, and Chrna3 lose rhythmicity, but P2rx7 gains rhythmicity; the up-regulation of Htr1d and Drd2 and down-regulation of Chrna3 inhibit adenylate cyclase (AC), and up-regulation of Htr1d, Drd2, and P2rx7 activates protein kinase C (PKC). Together, these results suggest that epilepsy can disrupt the circadian dynamics of the epileptic genes, shed light on possible TLE pathogenesis, and provide potential targets for TLE diagnosis and chronotherapy.
Stepwise logistic regression analysis of tumor contour features for breast ultrasound diagnosis

To assist the ultrasound diagnosis of solid breast tumors by using stepwise logistic regression (SLR) analysis of tumor contour features, we reviewed 111 digitized US images of breast tumors. They were 40 benign breast tumors (fibroadenomas), and 71 infiltrative ductal carcinomas. The contour features were calculated by the radial length. A SLR model with contour features was used to classify tumors as benign or malignant. The accuracy of our model with contour features for classifying malignancies was 91.0% (101 of 111 tumors), the sensitivity was 97.2% (69 of 71), the specificity was 80.0% (32 of 40).
A proposed classification system for ceramics

purposes of world-wide comparisons of data. Wong-Yong Kim (1969: 266) suggested that archaeologists should seek standardized terms for pottery - especially for the shapes of ceramic vessels. Such local terms as 'amphora', 'beaker', 'jar', 'seed bowl', or 'deep bowl', hardly evoke a clear understanding of vessel shapes when one is perusing the literature. Some of the other inherent limitations of present-day schemes are: I Classifications, based on decoration, are limited only to the decorated portion of a ceramic assemblage. Moreover, local terms for such decoration, e.g. 'barbotine' and 'roulette stamped' are ambiguous to foreign researchers. 2 Classifications, based on decoration, are limited to certain time periods and geographical areas. Therefore, these schemes which deal with descriptions of decorative variability of ceramics are useful for :regional analysis rather than cross-cultural ones. Shepard (I968) did propose a useful classification of the shapes of ceramic vessels based on solid geometry. She suggested that such a classification scheme should be tested to demonstrate its usefulness. The following study was made to test and operationalize a classification system based on solid geometry for the purposes of studying and comparing the capacity of ceramics. The study was conducted with a theoretical viewpoint which is based on the following assumptions:
Metabolism and utilisation of non-protein nitrogen compounds in ruminants: a review

Unique stomach physiology allows ruminants to utilise any form of dietary nitrogen (N) as a protein source. Ruminant N requirements can be divided into N requirements for microbial fermentation and host requirements for amino acids. Ruminant diets often contain non-protein nitrogen (NPN) compounds, a group of components that are not proteins but can be converted to proteins by rumen microbes. Therefore, NPN compounds in ruminant diets serve as alternative sources of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH 3 -N), which is necessary for the synthesis of microbial protein (MCP) in the rumen. MCP is an important component of metabolizable protein for ruminants and, under certain production conditions, may be the only amino acid source for synthesis of tissues and products. In this manner, ruminants utilise NPN compounds without having enzymes for their degradation. The use of NPN compounds in ruminant nutrition allows for an increase in feed consumption and utilisation, as well as the substitution of protein supplements, which in turn leads to more cost-effective production. However, abrupt supplementation or excessive consumption of NPN could negatively affect MCP synthesis, feed digestion, and animal production. On the other hand, it may lead to animal poisoning and the release of large amounts of N into the environment. Knowledge of N metabolism in the rumen, as well as optimization of its utilisation, sets the conditions for the presumed beneficial effects of NPN compounds in ruminant diets, without adverse effects on animal health and the environment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to summarize the recent literature data on the metabolism and utilisation of NPN compounds in ruminants
Computational Bayesian Analysis of Hidden Markov Models

Abstract Versions of the Gibbs Sampler are derived for the analysis of data from hidden Markov chains and hidden Markov random fields. The principal new development is to use the pseudolikelihood function associated with the underlying Markov process in place of the likelihood, which is intractable in the case of a Markov random field, in the simulation step for the parameters in the Markov process. Theoretical aspects are discussed and a numerical study is reported.
Anderson accelerated fixed‐point iteration for multilinear PageRank

In this paper, we apply the Anderson acceleration technique to the existing relaxation fixed‐point iteration for solving the multilinear PageRank. In order to reduce computational cost, we further consider the periodical version of the Anderson acceleration. The convergence of the proposed algorithms is discussed. Numerical experiments on synthetic and real‐world datasets are performed to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed algorithms over the relaxation fixed‐point iteration and the extrapolated shifted fixed‐point method. In particular, we give a strategy for choosing the quasi‐optimal parameters of the associated algorithms when they are applied to solve the test problems with different sizes but the same structure.
Highly Conductive Carbon-Based E-Textile for Gesture Recognition

Textile, as the most commonly used item in people’s daily life, is the ideal substrate for carrying wearable devices. However, it is difficult to form robust conductive patterns on fabric substrates due to the roughness and porousness of fabric fiber. Here, we used heat transfer printing technology for simple modification of fabric substrate, which reduces the surface roughness of textile substrate. A pure carbon based wearable electronic textile (e-textile) with high conductivity ( $9.82~\Omega $ /sq) and durability (1000 cycles) was obtained by depositing the mixed ink of graphene and carbon nanotubes through screen printing process and combining with roller pressing process. The sensor can well reflect the different bending degrees of fingers and work well in waterproof situations. In addition, five sensors were integrated into the fabric glove. The fabricated smart fabric glove combined with machine learning can recognize 8 different gestures with the average accuracy of 96.58%.
Physics of electrophotography

Electrophotography is one means of arranging 100 million pigmented plastic particles on a sheet of paper to faithfully replicate an original. It is based on many diverse phenomena and employs many properties of matter. These include gaseous ionization in the charging step; photogeneration and charge transport through disordered solid-state materials in the latent-image-formation step; triboelectricity in the particle-charging step; mechanical, electrostatic, and magnetic forces to detach particles in the development and transfer steps; and the application and transfer of heat in the fixing step. In addition, it relies on a precise balance of thermorheological, chemical, and mechanical properties of large area films and small particles. This article reviews the physics of the latent-image formation and development steps.