Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential activity of transcription factor Sox9 in early and adult oligodendroglial progenitor cells

The high‐mobility‐group domain‐containing transcription factor Sox9 confers glial competence to neuroepithelial precursors in the developing central nervous system and is an important determinant of astroglial and oligodendroglial specification. In oligodendroglial cells, it remains expressed in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) of the developing nervous system, but is shut off in differentiating oligodendrocytes as well as in OPCs that persist in the adult nervous system. To better understand the role of Sox9 in OPCs, we generated mouse models that allowed oligodendroglial expression of a Sox9 transgene during development or in the adult. With transgene expression beginning in the last trimester of pregnancy, the number of OPCs increased dramatically, followed by comparable gains in the number of pre‐myelinating and myelinating oligodendrocytes as assessed by marker gene expression. This argues that Sox9 boosts oligodendrogenesis during ontogenetic development at all stages, including terminal oligodendrocyte differentiation. When Sox9 transgene expression started in the adult, many transgene‐expressing OPCs failed to maintain their progenitor cell identity and instead converted into myelinating oligodendrocytes. As infrequent and inefficient differentiation of adult OPCs is one of the main obstacles to effective remyelination in demyelinating diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, increased Sox9 levels in adult OPCs may substantially increase their remyelination capacity.
Health Care Utilization in ARDS Survivors 2–3 Years After Discharge

ARDS is a common condition, with a prevalence of 10% in ICU patients. Due to a decrease in (in-hospital) mortality of ARDS, interest in long-term outcomes of survivors of ARDS, such as health-related quality of life or return to work, has increased during the past decades. However, long-term health-care utilization of survivors of ARDS after discharge from the ICU has received comparatively little attention, although studies have demonstrated long-term physical, mental, and cognitive impairments, and reduced quality of life, and, thus, the need for treatment in survivors of ARDS. Brandstetter et al reported in-patient and out-patient health-care utilization of survivors of ARDS in Germany for the first 12 months after discharge from ICU by using data from a prospective patient cohort study. They concluded that the first year after ARDS is characterized by extensive health-care utilization, especially in-patient health care. For instance, 90% of the study sample had at least 1 additional hospital stay after discharge from the hospital. However, the question arises whether this pattern of elevated health-care utilization persists after the first critical 12 months or whether a decrease or even normalization is noticeable longitudinally. (See Ruhl et al for a 5-year longitudinal cohort study from the United States.) To extend findings on health-care utilization beyond the first 12 months, the present article reports the long-term health-care utilization of survivors of ARDS during the first 3 years after discharge from the ICU by using further follow-up data from the DACAPO study.
The Association Between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Medical Students

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are the two most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders affecting communication and behavior. The co-occurrence of these conditions is probable and can contribute to several challenges in adaptive functioning and academic achievement. In this cross-sectional study, 168 Iranian medical students (107 female, 61 male) studying at Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2021 were enrolled. We administered the Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale–Revised (RAADS-R) and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) questionnaires online to assess different symptoms of ASD and ADHD in our sample. In this study, the RAADS-R was translated into Persian and validated for the first time in Iran. The correlation tests demonstrated a significant association between the total score and different subscales' scores of the RAADS-R and the total score and the two subscales' scores of the ASRS questionnaire (p < 0.001, 0.27 < Spearman correlation coefficient < 0.51). This study also illustrated a high prevalence of ASD and ADHD symptoms among the participants. Moreover, male respondents had a significantly higher prevalence of ASD symptoms (57.3% in males vs. 28.03% in females, p < 0.001). This study indicated that the distinct impairments in behavior and cognition attributed to ASD and ADHD could be common manifestations in medical students. Given that the co-occurrence of these disorders may lead to significant challenges in their professional life, the early diagnosis and subsequent support for medical students with co-occurring expressions of ASD and ADHD could be extremely helpful, as it could indirectly improve the medical services provided to patients by future physicians, leading to an improvement in public health.
Analysis of Competition Performance Leading to Success at the International Powerlifting Federation World Championships Between 2013 and 2019

Abstract van den Hoek, D, Garrett, J, Travis, SK, Oxnard, K, Howells, R, Owen, P, and Latella, C. Analysis of competition performance leading to success at the International Powerlifting Federation World Championships between 2013 and 2019. J Strength Cond Res 37(10): e555–e562, 2023—Despite being a global sport, there is a paucity of research investigating competition-related factors contributing to World Championship powerlifting success. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine competition strategies that underpin gold medalists' (GMs) and silver or bronze medalists' (SBMs) performances. Data collected from open-age International Powerlifting Federation (IPF) World Championship events 2013–2019 were analyzed (1,312 competitors [males n = 734, females n = 578]). Attempt weight and success for the squat (SQ), bench press (BP), and deadlift (DL); ‘total’ competition scores; category (age, weight class, and sex); and placing were categorized into 3 groups: GMs, SBMs, and nonwinners (fourth place or lower). One-way analysis of variances determined between group differences. Odds ratios (ORs) for the likelihood of winning and placing (i.e., GMs or SBMs) were also calculated. The odds of winning a competition were increased 5.9 times for men and by 1.5 times for women, when successfully completing 8 or 9 of 9 lift attempts. These findings provide comprehensive insight into intracompetition-related factors that contribute to World Championship powerlifting success to directly inform coach and athlete strategies. This information may also hold relevance for competitive state or national competitions and extend to other similarly structured strength-based sports.
Measurement of Momentum Fluxes near the Summer Mesopause at Poker Flat, Alaska

Abstract Observations of the motion field near the summer mesopause using the Poker Flat MST radar in a symmetric six-beam configuration during 8 days of July 1986 were used to examine the mean structure, the wave variances, and the momentum fluxes due to gravity wave and tidal motions. Our results reveal a mean horizontal wind structure generally consistent with previous observations, but with considerable daily variability and large mean shears. Particularly significant is a mean downward (Eulerian) vertical velocity of ∼0.3 m s−1, which implies a significant upward flux of wave energy. Horizontal and vertical velocity variances are found to be ∼1500 and 6 m2 s−2 and to remain nearly constant with height. Momentum flux measurements reveal a largely zonal mean flux of ∼5 to 15 m2 s−2 that achieves a maximum just below the height of wind reversal. Daily mean values, on the other hand, exhibit large variability, with maxima as large as ∼30 to 40 m2 s−2. Hourly momentum flux profiles were found to achieve m.
A Study of Well Posedness for Systems of Coupled Non-linear Dispersive Wave Equations

To model two-way propagation of waves in physical systems where nonlinear and dispersive effects are equally important, coupled systems of partial differential equations arise. The focus of this study is a particular coupled system of two evolution equations of generalized BBM-type. The coupling in these model systems is through the nonlinearities, which are a pair of homogenous quadratic polynomials. They have the same general mathematical structure as do more complicated models of surface and internal wave propagation. The present study is concerned with initial-value problems wherein the wave profile and the velocity are specified at a starting time. This is a natural generalization of the initial-value problem for the BBM or regularized long-wave (RLW) equation itself, that was originally proposed as an alternative to the classical Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. Equations like KdV and BBM model unidirectional propagation of small amplitude, long wavelength waves. The initial condition represents a snapshot of an initial disturbance. The coupled systems allow for two-way propagation of waves, and so have a wider range of applicability. They are, however, mathematically more intricate. These coupled BBM-type systems are shown to be locally well-posed in the $L_2$-based Sobolev spaces $H^s$ for any $s \geq 0$. The further spatial and temporal regularity of solutions is also investigated. It transpires that there is no smoothing in the spacial variable, but there is smoothing in the temporal variable. Conditions are derived that imply the local well-posedness theory to extend globally. That is, under exact conditions on the coefficients of the quadratic nonlinearities, solutions are shown to exist and remain bounded for all time provided the initial data is at least in $H^1$. Using a Fourier splitting technique, global solutions are also inferred even when the initial data is only in $L_2$.
Ferritinophagy was involved in long-term SiNPs exposure induced ferroptosis and liver fibrosis

Abstract SiNPs could induce liver fibrosisinvivo, but the mechanism was not completely clear. This study focused on exploring whether long-term SiNPs exposure at human-related exposure dosage could lead to ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis and liver fibrosis. In vivo, long-term SiNPs exposure induced liver fibrosis inrats accompanied by ferritinophagy and ferroptosis in hepatocytes. Interestingly, the progression of liver fibrosis was alleviated after exposure cessation and recovery, meanwhile ferritinophagy and ferroptosis were not further activated. In vitro, after long-term SiNPs exposure, the mitochondrial membrane ruptured, lipid peroxidation intensified, the level of redox active iron increased and the repair protein of lipid peroxidation were consumed in L-02 cells, demonstrating ferroptosis occurrence. Notably, NCOA4 knockdown inhibited ferritin degradation, alleviated the increase of intracellular ferrous iron level, reduced lipid peroxidation and the depletion of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). In conclusion, ferritinophagy mediated by NCOA4 was responsible for long-term SiNPs exposure induced hepatocytes ferroptosis and liver fibrosis, which provided a scientific basis for toxicological assessment of SiNPs and would be benefited for the safety design of SiNPs-based products.
Polyphonic perspectives: a focus group study of interprofessional staff’s perceptions of music therapy at an inpatient unit for children in mental health care

ABSTRACT Purpose In an inpatient unit for children in mental health care, a variety of services are provided through interprofessional collaborations. Music therapy is a relatively recent proposition in this context, but there is increasing acceptance for music therapy as a therapeutic method. However, there is limited knowledge about music therapy in this field, and this study aims to address this research gap. Method Through focus group interviews with staff at an inpatient unit in mental health care for children, this article explores interprofessional perspectives of music therapy. A thematic analysis with an inductive approach informed by constructivist grounded theory was used in the analysis of the interviews. Findings Several dimensions were involved in the findings, concerning the children and the interprofessional collaboration. The two main categories that emerged were: “What music therapy offers the children” and “What music therapy contributes to the interprofessional understanding of the children”. Conclusion The interprofessional perspectives of music therapy revealed potentials for emotion regulation, and experience of identity and freedom for the children. As part of the integrated services, music therapy provided a new perspective of the child and enhanced relationship between the child and the health services.
Comparison of physical activity metrics from two research-grade accelerometers worn on the non-dominant wrist and thigh in children

ABSTRACT This study compared physical activity metrics from the activPAL (AP) worn on the thigh with the ActiGraph worn on the non-dominant wrist using open-source methods. Measures included average acceleration, intensity gradient (IG) and the minimum acceleration value of the most active X mins (MX). Fifty-two children (26 boys; age: 10.4 ± 0.6 years) provided≥1 day (24 h) of concurrent wear time from the activPAL and ActiGraph. Measures tended to be lower from the activPAL versus the ActiGraph. Poor agreement was evident for average acceleration but good for the IG. For the IG, the absolute and relative zones needed to reach equivalence was 4% and 0.4 SDs, respectively and for average acceleration were 10% and 1.2 SDs, respectively. Good agreement was evident for M60, M30, M20, M15 and M10 between devices. Regardless of the reference device used, equivalent estimates for the intensity gradient, M60, M30, M20, M15 and M10 were observed with relative and absolute equivalence zones being≤4% and≤0.5 SDs, respectively. The IG, M60, M30, M20, M15 and M10 appear good candidates for comparing activity data collected from the activPAL and ActiGraph. Future research can use the AP to report on sedentary behaviours as well as PA outcomes.
Designing formative assessments to improve anatomy exam performance

Formative assessments are primarily used as a tool to gauge learning throughout an anatomy course. They have also been demonstrated to improve student mastery and exam performance, although the precise nature of this relationship is poorly understood. In this study, it is hypothesized that formative assessment questions targeting higher cognitive levels, integrating topics from multiple lessons, and including visuospatial elements will increase student exam performance. Formative and summative questions provided to students during the Clinical Anatomy block at the University of Arizona College of Medicine—Phoenix between 2015 and 2018 were assessed for cognitive level, integration of targeted learning objectives, and presence or absence of visuospatial elements. These variables were entered into a hierarchical linear model along with demographic variables for each cohort to assess the relationships between these variables and cohort performance on exam questions. The best predictor of exam performance was the inclusion of constituent learning objectives within the formative assessment. Additionally, students performed better on exam questions with visuospatial elements when the targeted learning objectives were also associated with visuospatial elements on the formative assessment. Surprisingly, the cognitive level of formative questions and the integration of learning objectives within them were not correlated with student exam performance. This study demonstrates the importance of including a broad range of topics in formative assessments and highlights a potential benefit of adopting consistent question formats for formative assessments and exams.
Restricting diet for perceived health benefit: A mixed‐methods exploration of peripartum food taboos in rural Cambodia

Abstract Food taboos encompass food restrictions practiced by a group that go beyond individual preferences. During pregnancy and lactation, food taboos may contribute to inadequate nutrition and poor maternal and infant health. Restriction of specific fish, meat, fruits and vegetables is common among peripartum women in many Southeast Asian countries, but data from Cambodia are lacking. In this mixed‐methods study, 335 Cambodian mothers were asked open‐ended questions regarding dietary behaviours during pregnancy and up to 24 weeks postpartum. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to characterize food taboos and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of this practice. Participants were 18–44 years of age, all of Khmer ethnicity and 31% were primiparous. Sixty‐six per cent of women followed food taboos during the first 2 weeks postpartum, whereas ~20% of women restricted foods during other peripartum periods. Pregnancy taboos were often beneficial, including avoidance of sugar‐sweetened beverages, coffee and alcohol. Conversely, postpartum avoidances typically included nutrient‐dense foods such as fish, raw vegetables and chicken. Food taboos were generally followed to support maternal and child health. No significant predictors of food taboos during pregnancy were identified. Postpartum, each additional live birth a woman had reduced her odds of following food taboos by 24% (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.76 [0.61–0.95]). Specific food taboo practices and rationales varied greatly between women, suggesting that food taboos are shaped less by a strict belief system within the Khmer culture and more by individual or household understandings of food and health during pregnancy and postpartum.
Principal kurtosis analysis and its application for remote-sensing imagery

ABSTRACT Fast Independent Component Analysis (FastICA) is the commonly used feature extraction method for non-Gaussian structure data and it is often used in multispectral/hyperspectral image processing. However, FastICA requires all pixels to be involved at each iteration. Therefore, it is a very time-consuming method when the total number of iterations is large. In this study, we propose an equivalent algebraic method for FastICA when selecting kurtosis as a non-Gaussian index. We name this new method principal kurtosis analysis (PKA). The feature extraction result of PKA is equivalent to that of FastICA when considering kurtosis as the measurement of non-Gaussianity. Similar to FastICA, PKA also applies the fixed-point iteration method to search for extreme kurtosis directions. However, when computing the projected direction in the iteration process, PKA only requires a co-kurtosis tensor and not all of the pixels. Therefore, this reduces the time complexity. The proposed algorithm (PKA) has been applied on multispectral and hyperspectral images and shows its time advantage in the experiments.
Comparison of Decellularized Human Dermal Scaffolds versus Bovine Collagen/Elastin Matrices for Engineering of Soft-Tissue Flaps

Background: Free flap–based soft-tissue reconstruction comes at the price of donor-site morbidity. The arteriovenous loop (AVL) technique can overcome this issue by allowing for the de novo generation of axially vascularized soft-tissue flaps from vein grafts embedded into different matrices. Application of the AVL technique has been limited by insufficient long-term volume retention and poor tissue stability. The authors investigated the suitability of a novel human dermal scaffold to improve volume retention and tissue stability. Methods: AVLs were created in 28 immunocompetent rats and embedded in either decellularized human dermal scaffolds (experimental group, n = 14) (Epiflex) or bovine collagen/elastin matrices (control group, n = 14) (MatriDerm) in subcutaneous polytetrafluoroethylene chambers. The weight and volume of engineered tissues, the extent of angiogenesis, and the proportion of proliferating cells were compared between groups on postoperative days (PODs) 21 and 28 by means of immunohistochemistry and micro–computed tomography. Results: On POD 28, both groups displayed homogeneous microvascular networks on histopathology and micro–computed tomography. Mean microvessel counts and surface areas and the percentage of proliferating cells did not differ between the groups. However, the experimental human scaffold group displayed significantly smaller volume loss and significantly less tissue degradation compared with bovine matrix controls (volume retention, 102% ± 5% versus 27% ± 7% on POD 21, and 79% ± 12% versus 12% ± 7% on POD 28, respectively; P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Compared with bovine matrices, decellularized human scaffolds allow for superior volume retention and tissue stability of de novo engineered soft-tissue AVL flaps in rats. Clinical Relevance Statement: AVLs allow for the de novo generation of vascularized soft-tissue flaps. However, insufficient long-term volume retention is still an issue. The authors’ study shows that decellularized human matrices guarantee superior volume stability of de novo grown soft-tissue flaps in rats.