Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photoelectron imaging spectrometry: Principle and inversion method

A new photoelectron spectrometer has recently been used to analyze the energy and spatial distribution of photoelectrons produced by multiphoton ionization of rare gases. It is based on the analysis of the image obtained by projecting the expanding electron cloud resulting from the ionization process onto a two‐dimensional position sensitive detector by means of a static electric field. In this article, we present the principle of this imaging spectrometer and the relevant equations of motion of the charged particle in this device, together with an inversion method that allows us to obtain the energy and angular distribution of the electrons. We present here the inversion procedure relevant to the case where the electrostatic energy acquired in the static field is large as compared to the initial kinetic energy of the charged particles. A more general procedure relevant to any regime will be described in a following article.A new photoelectron spectrometer has recently been used to analyze the energy and spatial distribution of photoelectrons produced by multiphoton ionization of rare gases. It is based on the analysis of the image obtained by projecting the expanding electron cloud resulting from the ionization process onto a two‐dimensional position sensitive detector by means of a static electric field. In this article, we present the principle of this imaging spectrometer and the relevant equations of motion of the charged particle in this device, together with an inversion method that allows us to obtain the energy and angular distribution of the electrons. We present here the inversion procedure relevant to the case where the electrostatic energy acquired in the static field is large as compared to the initial kinetic energy of the charged particles. A more general procedure relevant to any regime will be described in a following article.
A survey of osteoderm histology and ornamentation among Crocodylomorpha: A new proxy to infer lifestyle?

Osteoderms of eight extant and extinct species of crocodylomorphs are studied histologically and morphologically. Most osteoderms display the typical “crocodilian” structure with a woven‐fibered matrix surrounded by an upper and a lower parallel fibered matrix. The dorsal ornamentation of those specimens consists of a pit‐and‐ridge structure, with corresponding remodeling mechanisms. However, an osteoderm of Iberosuchus, studied here for the first time, differs in being nearly devoid of ornamentation; moreover, it shows strong bundles of straight Sharpey's fibers perpendicular to the surface in its lateral and dorsal walls, along with a rough plywood‐like structure in its basal plate. This suggests that this osteoderm was more deeply anchored within the dermis than the other osteoderms studied hitherto. This peculiar structure might have been linked to a terrestrial ecology and a specific thermoregulation strategy. Some other notosuchians in our sample do not exhibit ornamentation on their osteoderms, as opposed to neosuchians. Considering current interpretations of osteoderm function(s) in crocodilians, our observations are discussed in reference to possible ecophysiological peculiarities of Notosuchia in general, and Iberosuchus in particular.
Learning and not using? The effect of degree attainment on illicit drug use among at-risk youth

ABSTRACT This paper examines the causal effect of earning a GED or vocational degree on future illicit drug use, employing random assignment into the United States’ most comprehensive education and vocational training program for at-risk youth – Job Corps – as a source of exogenous variability in degree attainment. Nonparametric bounds under relatively weak monotonicity assumptions are constructed to allow the random assignment to violate the exclusion restriction when used as an instrument. We also use a fixed effect model and propensity score weighting to supplement the results. The results from different methods suggest that degree attainment may have the most significant effect in reducing the illicit drug use of blacks, while the results for whites and Hispanics are less conclusive.
Rotation of the bulge components of barred galaxies

Stellar rotation and velocity-dispersion measurements are presented for the bulge components of the SBO galaxies NGC 1023, 2859, 2950, 4340, 4371, and 7743. The kinematics of nine SB bulges with data available are compared with bulges of unbarred galaxies studied by Kormendy and Illingworth. All of the SB bulges are found to rotate at least as rapidly as oblate-spheroid dynamical models which are flattened by rotation. This result confirms the conclusion of Kormendy and Illingworth that bulges rotate very rapidly. Six SB bulges found by Kormendy and Koo to be triaxial rotate even more rapidly than the oblate models. In this respect, they resemble published n-body models of bars. That is, triaxial bulges are dynamically like bars and unlike elliptical galaxies, which are also believed to be triaxial, but which rotate slowly. Measured velocity anisotropies are found to be consistent with these conclusions. Two ordinary bulges whose rotation is well described by isotropic modes have a ratio of radial to azimuthal velocity dispersion of sigma/sub r//sigma/sub theta/ = 0.96 +- 0.03. In contrast, the triaxial bulge of NGC 3945, which rotates much faster than the isotropic models, has sigma/sub r//sigma/sub theta/ approx.1. 31 +- 0.06. This is similar to the degreemore » of anisotropy, sigma/sub r//sigma/sub theta/approx.1. 21 +- 0.03, found in a recent n-body bar model by Hohl and Zang. Altogether the kinematic observations imply the triaxial bulges are more disklike than SA bulges. They appear to have been formed with more dissipation than ordinary bulges. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that part of the bulge in many SB galaxies consists of disk material (i.e., gas) which has been transported to the center by the bar. The resulting star formation may produce a very centrally concentrated light distribution which resembles a bulge but which has dislike dynamics. « less
On Asymmetric Properties of the Correlation Coeffcient in the Regression Setting

Although correlation is a symmetric concept of two variables, this is not the case for regression where we distinguish a response from an explanatory variable. This article presents several ways of expressing the correlation coefficient as an asymmetric formula of the two variables involved in the regression setting. Contrary to some well-known results, those are not necessarily preserved in the sample when the model is wrong. As a consequence, they may be used for model checking or model selection. In particular, we propose a criterion for choosing the response variable in a simple linear regression problem. An example from the domain of finance illustrates our purpose. We find evidence under our model that the U.S. dollar influenced other currencies during the period of consideration.
Disordered random matrices

A revision is made of the effect, in the statistical properties of the matrices of random matrix theory, of dividing them by a positive random variable. As the method preserves unitary invariance analitical derivations are easily performed. It is shown that the same procedure applied to the adjacency matrices of random graphs gives rise to a family of graphs that interpolates between the Erdos-Renyiand the scale-free model. Previous applications and new ones are discussed.
Mode shift and stability control of a current mode controlled buck-boost converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode with ramp compensation

By establishing the discrete iterative mapping model of a current mode controlled buck-boost converter, this paper studies the mechanism of mode shift and stability control of the buck-boost converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode with a ramp compensation current. With the bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov exponent spectrum, time-domain waveform and parameter space map, the performance of the buck-boost converter circuit utilizing a compensating ramp current has been analysed. The obtained results indicate that the system trajectory is weakly chaotic and strongly intermittent under discontinuous conduction mode. By using ramp compensation, the buck-boost converter can shift from discontinuous conduction mode to continuous conduction mode, and effectively operates in the stable period-one region.
Numerical Simulation of Non-Newtonian Pseudo-Plastic Fluid in a Micro-Channel Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method

In this paper, the power-law model for a non-Newtonian (pseudo-plastic) flow is investigated numerically. The D2Q9 model of Lattice Boltzmann method is used to simulate the micro-channel flow with expansion geometries. This geometry is made by two squared or trapezoid cavities at the bottom and top of the channel which can simulate an artery with local expansion. The cavities are displaced along the channel and the effects of the displacements are investigated for inline structures and staggered ones (anti-symmetric expansion). The method is validated by a Poiseuille flow of the power-law fluid in a duct. Validation is performed for two cases: The Newtonian fluid and the shear thinning fluid (pseudo-plastic) with n = 0.5. The results are discussed in four parts: 1) Pressure drop; It is shown that the pressure drop along the channel for inline cavities is much more than the pressure drop along the staggered structures. 2) Velocity profiles; the velocity profiles are sketched at the centerline of the cavities. The effects of pseudo-plasticity are discussed. 3) Shear stress distribution; the shear stress is computed and shown in the domain. The Newtonian and non-Newto- nian fluids are discussed and the effect of the power n on shear stress is argued. 4) Generated vortices in the cavities are also presented. The shape of the vortices is depicted for various cases. The results for these cases are talked over and it is found that the vortices will be removed for flows with n smaller than 0.5.
Combination of Cross Stage Partial Network and GhostNet with Spatial Pyramid Pooling on Yolov4 for Detection of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Subtypes in Multi-Cell Blood Microscopic Image

Purpose: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Detection with microscopic blood images can use a deep learning-based object detection model to localize and classify ALL cell subtypes. Previous studies only performed single cell-based detection objects or binary classification with leukemia and normal classes. Detection of ALL subtypes is crucial to support early diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, an object detection model is needed to detect ALL subtypes in multi-cell blood microscopic images.Methods: This study focuses on detecting the ALL subtype using YOLOV4 with a modified neck using Cross Stage Partial Network (CSPNet) and GhostNet. CSPNet is combined with Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) to become SPPCSP to get various features map before the YOLOv4 final layer. Ghostnet was used to reduce the computation time of the modified YOLOV4 neck.Result: Experimental results show that YOLOv4 SPPCSP outperformed the recall value of 14.6%, the value of mAP@. 5 0.8%, and reduced the computation time by 4.7 ms compared to the original YOLOv4.Novelty: The combination of CSPNet and GhostNet for YOLOV4 neck modification can increase the variety of features map and reduce computing time compared to the Original YOLOv4.
Neural representations of naturalistic events are updated as our understanding of the past changes

The brain actively reshapes our understanding of past events in light of new incoming information. In the current study, we ask how the brain supports this updating process during the encoding and recall of naturalistic stimuli. One group of participants watched a movie (‘The Sixth Sense’) with a cinematic ‘twist’ at the end that dramatically changed the interpretation of previous events. Next, participants were asked to verbally recall the movie events, taking into account the new ‘twist’ information. Most participants updated their recall to incorporate the twist. Two additional groups recalled the movie without having to update their memories during recall: one group never saw the twist; another group was exposed to the twist prior to the beginning of the movie, and thus the twist information was incorporated both during encoding and recall. We found that providing participants with information about the twist beforehand altered neural response patterns during movie-viewing in the default mode network (DMN). Moreover, presenting participants with the twist at the end of the movie changed the neural representation of the previously-encoded information during recall in a subset of DMN regions. Further evidence for this transformation was obtained by comparing the neural activation patterns during encoding and recall and correlating them with behavioral signatures of memory updating. Our results demonstrate that neural representations of past events encoded in the DMN are dynamically integrated with new information that reshapes our understanding in natural contexts.
Data-Driven Innovation for Sustainable Creative Practice

We present a film exhibiting eight case studies of projects dealing with the intersections of environmental sustainability, data and technology, which have all been led by and rooted in the creative industries in Scotland. The film highlights how the creative sector has been utilising data and technology to address the climate crisis, by responding artistically to environmental data, as well as developing tools and technologies to empower individual and systemic change. Through presenting the film, we demonstrate the synergies between HCI research and technology-focussed work in the creative industries, in context of the shared goal of sustainability. Our overarching aim is to promote discussion about how knowledge from the creative industries can be seen as a powerful resource to be learned from in HCI and to inspire further HCI design and research, as well as to demonstrate the potential value of collaborative work between creative practice and HCI.
Evolution of dwarf galaxies in the Centaurus A group

The study of (dwarf) galaxies in nearby groups is one among the most powerful tools that can be used to investigate galaxy evolution, chemical enrichment and environmental effects on these objects. The Centaurus A group (at a distance of ∼4 Mpc) is dynamically evolved and contains about 30 dwarf companions of different morphologies and stellar contents. Here we present the first results for the dwarf spheroidal galaxy population in this group. We use archival HST/ACS data to study their resolved stellar content. The resulting metallicity distribution functions reveal metal-poor populations and wide metallicity spreads for each galaxy. We find no clear trend of the derived physical properties as a function of galaxy position in the group. Finally, we compare our results to the dwarf population of the Local Group, and find no outstanding differences.
Chemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves and Seeds

Moringa oleifera is a traditional food crop widespread in Asiatic, African, and South American continents. The plant, able to grow in harsh conditions, shows a high nutritional value and medicinal potential evidencing cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The purpose of this study was the phytochemical analysis of M. oleifera and the identification of the antimicrobial compounds by combining a chemical approach with in vitro tests. The metabolite profile of M. oleifera polar and apolar extracts of leaves and seeds were investigated by using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity of all of the obtained extract was evaluated against four bacterial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica). The chemical analysis provided a wide set of metabolites that were identified and quantified. Moreover, apolar extracts from seeds showed a significant concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and S. epidermidis, (4 mg/mL reduced the viability up to 50%) that was associated to the content of specific fatty acids. Our results remarked the advantages of an integrated approach for the identification of plant metabolites and its use in association with biological tests to recognize the compounds responsible for bioactivity without compounds purification.
Comparison of Molecular International Prognostic Scoring System (M-IPSS) and Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (R-IPSS) in Thai patients with myelodysplastic neoplasms

ABSTRACT Introduction Risk stratification is essential for treatment decision in myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS). Molecular international prognostic scoring system (M-IPSS) has been recently developed combining somatic mutations and clinical information being used in the revised international prognostic scoring system (R-IPSS). Objective We aimed to explore the performances of M-IPSS and R-IPSS in Thai patients with MDS. Method MDS patients were stratified into risk categories using R-IPSS and M-IPSS scores. The performance of both models were evaluated for prognostic prediction. Results One hundred and sixty-two MDS patients were recruited from the multicenter study. Survival analysis revealed that both R-IPSS and M-IPSS were good prediction models with the Concordance Index (C-index) of 0.71 (95% Confidence interval [CI] 0.64–0.78) and 0.75 (95% CI 0.69–0.80), respectively (p = 0.22). Comparing the two, 13 of 162 (8%) cases were re-staged between lower and higher risks which would have affected treatment decisions. Conclusion Our study showed that R-IPSS score can be used for risk stratification in most Thai patients. A prediction model using somatic mutations specifically in Asian patients should be formulated in the future.
Thermally activated electrical conductivity in thin GaN epitaxial films

Temperature-dependent Hall measurements of thin GaN films subjected to He ion irradiation at ever increasing doses are used to study the electron transport in GaN. It is shown that electron transport is a thermally activated process with activation energies gradually increasing with reciprocal net carrier concentration, until a saturated value of the activation energy is reached. These experiments provide a direct verification that conductivity in thin GaN layers is controlled by potential barriers caused by depletion of carriers at grain boundaries in the material. Values of average grain size, density of surface states at the grain boundaries, and their energetics are extracted from the experiment.
The Muenster Redshift Project. II. The Redshift Space Galaxy Power Spectrum

The redshift space galaxy power spectrum is estimated using magnitude-limited samples of up to 87,558 galaxies with redshifts z ≤ 0.2 and magnitudes rF ≤ 18.0 mag. Although the random redshift errors are comparatively large (σz = 0.031), the present survey sample gives reliable power spectral densities for wavenumbers 0.0125 ≤ k ≤ 0.15 h Mpc–1 corresponding to wavelengths 40 ≤ λ ≤ 500 h–1 Mpc. The Muenster Redshift Project data give a clear indication for the existence of a turnover in the shape of the power spectrum near wavelengths of 160 h–1 Mpc.
Irrigation Effect on Yield, Skin Blemishes, Phellem Formation, and Total Phenolics of Red Potatoes

Dark Red Norland is an important potato cultivar in the fresh market due to its attractive bright, red colour, and good yield. However, skin blemishes such as silver patch, surface cracking, and russeting can negatively influence the tuber skin quality and marketability. It is well known that potato is a drought-sensitive plant. This study was conducted to determine whether irrigation would affect Dark Red Norland’s yield and skin quality. A three-year field trial was conducted by Peak of the Market in Manitoba, Canada. Plants were treated under both irrigation and rainfed conditions. The results show that irrigation increased the total yield by 20.6% and reduced the severity of surface cracking by 48.5%. Microscopy imaging analysis demonstrated that tubers from the rainfed trials formed higher numbers of suberized cell layers than those of the irrigated potatoes, with a difference of 0.360 to 0.652 layers in normal skins. Surface cracking and silver patch skins had more suberized cell layers than the normal skins, with ranges of 7.805 to 8.333 and 7.740 to 8.496, respectively. A significantly higher amount of total polyphenols was found in the irrigated samples with a mean of 77.30 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g fresh weight (fw) than that of the rainfed samples (69.80 mg GAE/100 g fw). The outcome of this study provides a better understanding of the water regime effect causing these skin blemishes, which could potentially be used to establish strategies to improve tuber skin quality and minimize market losses.
Paricalcitol Improves the Angiopoietin/Tie-2 and VEGF/VEGFR2 Signaling Pathways in Adriamycin-Induced Nephropathy

Renal endothelial cell (EC) injury and microvascular dysfunction contribute to chronic kidney disease (CKD). In recent years, increasing evidence has suggested that EC undergoes an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), which might promote fibrosis. Adriamycin (ADR) induces glomerular endothelial dysfunction, which leads to progressive proteinuria in rodents. The activation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays a crucial role in endothelial function modulation, cell differentiation, and suppression of the expression of fibrotic markers by regulating the production of nitric oxide (NO) by activating the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in the kidneys. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of paricalcitol treatment on renal endothelial toxicity in a model of CKD induced by ADR in rats and explore mechanisms involved in EC maintenance by eNOS/NO, angiopoietins (Angs)/endothelium cell-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (Tie-2, also known as TEK) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) axis. The results show that paricalcitol attenuated the renal damage ADR-induced with antiproteinuric effects, glomerular and tubular structure, and function protection. Furthermore, activation of the VDR promoted the maintenance of the function and structure of glomerular, cortical, and external medullary endothelial cells by regulating NO production. In addition, it suppressed the expression of the mesenchymal markers in renal tissue through attenuation of (transforming growth factor-beta) TGF-β1/Smad2/3-dependent and downregulated of Ang-2/Tie-2 axis. It regulated the VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway, which was ADR-deregulated. These effects were associated with lower AT1 expression and VDR recovery to renal tissue after paricalcitol treatment. Our results showed a protective role of paricalcitol in the renal microvasculature that could be used as a target for treating the beginning of CKD.
Geometric versus numerical optimal control of a dissipative spin-(1/2) particle

We analyze the saturation of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal using optimal magnetic fields. We consider both the problems of minimizing the duration of the control and its energy for a fixed duration. We solve the optimal control problems by using geometric methods and a purely numerical approach, the grape algorithm, the two methods being based on the application of the Pontryagin maximum principle. A very good agreement is obtained between the two results. The optimal solutions for the energy-minimization problem are finally implemented experimentally with available NMR techniques.