Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low-Temperature-Induced Winter Dormancy in a Predatory Stink Bug Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff) in the Subtropics

Insects have developed dormancy mechanisms to survive coldness in winters. The specific forms of winter dormancy, however, vary among different geographical and climatic zones and species. While there is extensive research on winter dormancy in insect pests and parasitoids in temperate zones, our understanding of how predatory insects, such as predatory stink bugs in subtropical regions, cope with cold winters and the specific forms of dormancy they undergo remains limited. The effects of winter temperatures on the population dynamics, development, and reproduction of the predatory stink bug Eocanthecona furcellata in the subtropics were investigated through greenhouse and laboratory experiments. E. furcellata exhibits two distinct peaks in population distribution throughout the year: one in April–May and another in October–November. Interestingly, the proportions of adults show an opposite pattern to the population dynamics, with the highest proportions of adults observed during the winter and summer seasons, when temperatures are the lowest and the highest, respectively. Laboratory studies showed that E. furcellata reared at lower temperatures (16 °C, 18 °C, and 20 °C) experienced prolonged development and higher mortality rates for eggs and nymphs compared to higher temperatures (22 °C and 26 °C). Further experiments observed that E. furcellata adults reared at 16 °C, 18 °C, and 20 °C entered into winter dormancy, where ovarian development was either completely halted or slowed down. The observed high proportion of E. furcellata adults and low proportion of nymphs during the cold winter months align well with the dormancy period. This study sheds light on the underlying mechanisms driving the population dynamics of E. furcellata during the subtropical winter. These findings have significant implications in accurately predicting the population dynamics of E. furcellata, implementing effective field release strategies, and optimizing cold storage techniques in the context of biological control programs.
The Effect of Social Interaction and Social Support on E-Commerce Purchase Intention: UGT and TAM Theory Perspective

Purpose: This study was to analyze the essence of combining the TAM and UGT theory in shaping consumer purchase intentions in e-commerce. This was accomplished by developing an empirical research model based on direct and moderating relationships on purchase intention. Theorethical Framework: This study involves 7 hypotheses that are described comprehensively in section 2. The independent variables are Benefits Perceived (BP), Ease of Use Perceived (EoUP), Risk Perceived (RP), Moderating Variables are Social Support & Social Interaction (SI), and the Dependent variable is Purchase Intention (PI). Method: Furthermore, the total sample in this study involved 938 respondents, data were collected using online surveys, and the method of analysis used was PLS. Results and Conclusion: The results show a close positive association between UGT and TAM theory on the consumers’ buying intentions. In addition, the findings indicate the propensity for Social Interaction & Support; thus, empirically built hypotheses specified that most TAM variables had a positive and significant effect on puberty purchase intention. Therefore, asides from where Risk Perceived confers a little influence through direct effect relationships, a positive and significant impact on purchase intention is perceived if social interaction & social support variables moderate the risk. Originality/Value: This study in testing the relationship between variables is based on two theoretical approaches: UGT and TAM. Besides, measuring variables by moderation uses social support and interaction variables.
Model-informed precision dosing in vancomycin treatment

Introduction: While vancomycin remains a widely prescribed antibiotic, it can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, both of which are concentration-associated. Overtreatment can occur when the treatment lasts for an unnecessarily long time. Using a model-informed precision dosing scheme, this study aims to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) model for vancomycin to determine the optimal dosage regimen and treatment duration in order to avoid drug-induced toxicity. Methods: The data were obtained from electronic medical records of 542 patients, including 40 children, and were analyzed using NONMEM software. For PK, vancomycin concentrations were described with a two-compartment model incorporating allometry scaling. Results and discussion: This revealed that systemic clearance decreased with creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, history of diabetes and renal diseases, and further decreased in women. On the other hand, the central volume of distribution increased with age. For PD, C-reactive protein (CRP) plasma concentrations were described by transit compartments and were found to decrease with the presence of pneumonia. Simulations demonstrated that, given the model informed optimal doses, peak and trough concentrations as well as the area under the concentration-time curve remained within the therapeutic range, even at doses smaller than routine doses, for most patients. Additionally, CRP levels decreased more rapidly with the higher dose starting from 10 days after treatment initiation. The developed R Shiny application efficiently visualized the time courses of vancomycin and CRP concentrations, indicating its applicability in designing optimal treatment schemes simply based on visual inspection.
The role of cellular senescence in metabolic diseases and the potential for senotherapeutic interventions

Cellular senescence represents an irreversible state of cell cycle arrest induced by various stimuli strongly associated with aging and several chronic ailments. In recent years, studies have increasingly suggested that the accumulation of senescent cells is an important contributor to the decline of organ metabolism, ultimately resulting in metabolic diseases. Conversely, the elimination of senescent cells can alleviate or postpone the onset and progression of metabolic diseases. Thus, a close relationship between senescent cells and metabolic diseases is found, and targeting senescent cells has emerged as an alternative therapy for the treatment of metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarize the role of cellular senescence in metabolic diseases, explore relevant therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases by removing senescent cells, and provide new insights into the treatment of metabolic diseases.
Towards Plant Synthetic Genomics

Rapid advances in DNA synthesis techniques have allowed the assembly and engineering of viral and microbial genomes. Multicellular eukaryotic organisms, with their larger genomes, abundant transposons, and prevalent epigenetic regulation, present a new frontier to synthetic genomics. Plant synthetic genomics have long been proposed, and exciting progress has been made using the top-down approach. In this perspective, we propose applying bottom-up genome synthesis in multicellular plants, starting from the model moss Physcomitrium patens, in which homologous recombination, DNA delivery, and regeneration are possible, although further optimizations are necessary. We then discuss technical barriers, including genome assembly and plant transformation, associated with synthetic genomics in seed plants.
Off-fault shear failure potential enhanced by high-stiff/low-permeable damage zone during fluid injection in porous reservoirs

Several studies have focused on the role of damage zone (DZ) on the hydromechanical behaviour of faults by assuming a fractured DZ (i.e. low stiffness/high permeability). Yet, this vision may not be valid in all geological settings, in particular, in high-porosity reservoirs as targeted by several underground exploitations. We investigate the impact of a high-stiff/low-permeable DZ on the shear reactivation of a blind, undetectable normal fault (1 km long, ≤10 m offset), with a 0.5 m thick low-porosity/permeability fault core during fluid injection into a high-porosity reservoir. The spatial distribution of effective properties (elastic moduli, Biot's coefficients and permeability) of DZ including deformation bands (DB; elliptic inclusions) and intact rock were derived using upscaling analytical expressions. The influence of DZ on the hydromechanical behaviour of the fault zone was numerically explored using 2-D plane-strain finite-element simulations within the framework of fully saturated isothermal porous media by accounting for an orthotropic elastic rheology. The numerical results showed that the presence of DB plays a protective role by reducing the potential for shear reactivation inside the fault core. On the other hand, they favour shear failure in the vicinity of the fault core (off-fault damage) by accelerating the decrease of the minimum principal effective stress while limiting the decrease of the maximum one. This behaviour is strongly enhanced by the fault-parallel DZ effective stiffness, but limited by the combined effect of fault-normal DZ effective permeability and of the Biot's coefficients. This can have implications for the location and size of aftershocks during fault reactivation.
Contribució al coneixement algològic de la Mediterrània espanyola: algues bentòniques i litorals de Tossa de Mar (Girona)

A check list of the benthic and littoral algae from Tossa de Mar is given. Six taxonomical classes have been studied: Myxophyceae, Florideophyceae, Bangiophyceae, Phaeophyceae, Prasinophyceae and Chlorophyceae (Bryopsidophyceae included). In total 249 species, 3 subspecies, 16 varieties and 4 forms have been found; 44 of them were not previously recorded for the Spanish Mediterranean coast.
Dynamics, stratospheric ozone, and climate change

Abstract Dynamics affects the distribution and abundance of stratospheric ozone directly through transport of ozone itself and indirectly through its effect on ozone chemistry via temperature and transport of other chemical species. Dynamical processes must be considered in order to understand past ozone changes, especially in the northern hemisphere where there appears to be significant low‐frequency variability which can look “trend‐like” on decadal time scales. A major challenge is to quantify the predictable, or deterministic, component of past ozone changes. Over the coming century, changes in climate will affect the expected recovery of ozone. For policy reasons it is important to be able to distinguish and separately attribute the effects of ozone‐depleting substances and greenhouse gases on both ozone and climate. While the radiative‐chemical effects can be relatively easily identified, this is not so evident for dynamics — yet dynamical changes (e.g., changes in the Brewer‐Dobson circulation) could have a first‐order effect on ozone over particular regions. Understanding the predictability and robustness of such dynamical changes represents another major challenge. Chemistry‐climate models have recently emerged as useful tools for addressing these questions, as they provide a self‐consistent representation of dynamical aspects of climate and their coupling to ozone chemistry. We can expect such models to play an increasingly central role in the study of ozone and climate in the future, analogous to the central role of global climate models in the study of tropospheric climate change.
Characterization of near-field emission and structure of an SLD by polarization parametric indirect microscopic imaging

In this paper, a novel polarization parametric indirect microscopic imaging (PIMI) method is utilized for the first time to characterize the near-field emission mode and end-face structure of nanoscale semiconductor light-emitting chips. Via polarization modulation and detection of the emitted light from an superluminescent diode chip, abundant information including the distinct border of the emission mode, which cannot be seen by the traditional method, is collected and visualized as the form of multi-dimensional photon state distribution images. The polarization property distribution of the emission mode was visualized for the first time. Besides, by concurrent analysis of PIMI images of the end-face structure and emission mode, potential impurities adhered to the emitting facet can be precisely screened and located. The proposed method here has considerable advantages in the characterization of the light-emitting devices, paving a new way for precise, convenient, cost-effective, and large-scale quality inspection in industries.
Packet Routing in Dynamic Network: Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Approach

The mobility of nodes makes the topology of wireless ad hoc networks change frequently. The traditional routing protocols are usually based on fixed routing policies, which are difficult to adapt to the dynamic changes of the network. This paper investigates the packet routing optimization problem in wireless ad hoc networks by using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) technique. To seek the optimal transmission path between the source node and the destination node for a packet, average delivery time is applied to assess the transmission path while the routing Markov decision process (RMAP) model is utilized to formulate the routing optimization problem. Furthermore, a DQN-routing algorithm is developed to deal with such an optimization problem. The distinguished features of the proposed algorithm lie in the facts that it can reduce the average delivery time and the network congestion, is also suitable for dynamic topology network environment. Finally, a simulation example is given to verify the validity of the theoretical results.
The on-chip scanning probe with dual niobium nitride nanoscale superconducting quantum interference devices for magnetic imaging at the high temperature

The scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscope is a powerful tool for investigating the microscale magnetic properties of quantum materials. However, the low operating temperature of SQUIDs limits the application of the microscope. In this work, we developed an on-chip probe with dual niobium nitride (NbN) nano-SQUIDs for scanning SQUID microscope. The working temperature of the NbN nano-SQUID on-chip probe was up to 8 K, and it enabled the magnetic imaging of samples at the temperature up to 128 K. We used a gradiometric readout scheme for dual nano-SQUIDs in one probe to reduce the influence of the background magnetic field. Furthermore, we demonstrated the capabilities of both topographic and current imaging by the on-chip probe with spatial resolutions of 1 μm and 2 μm, respectively. The advantage of the probe at the high temperature was also demonstrated by the investigation of the superconducting vortices distribution in the yttrium-barium-copper-oxide film.
Smooth and Abrupt Dynamics in Financial Volatility: The MS‐MEM‐MIDAS*

In this paper, we maintain that the evolution of the realized volatility is characterized by a combination of high‐frequency dynamics and smoother, yet persistent, dynamics evolving at a lower frequency. We suggest a new Multiplicative Error Model which combines the mixed frequency features of a MIDAS at the monthly level with Markovian dynamics at the daily level. When estimated in‐sample on the realized kernel volatility of the S&P500 index, this model dominates other simpler specifications, especially when monthly aggregated realized volatility is used. The same pattern is confirmed in the out‐of‐sample forecasting performance which suggests that adding an abrupt change in the average level of volatility better helps in tracking quick bursts of volatility and a relatively rapid absorption of the shocks.
Stabilization of Sand Dunes at Vandenberg Air Force Base

A serious problem was posed by sand movement and deposition affecting the operation of coastal training facilities at Vandenberg Air Force Base. Progressive wind erosion required immediate and effective control measures. After preliminary study and experimentation with available means of erosion control, a combination of four measures was used to fulfill the assignment. These were, in chronological order of the work performed: (1) Providing a protective shale blanket in selected areas; (2) imparting cohesiveness to the unstable, noncohesive soil; (3) establishing vegetal cover; and (4) creating a foredune near the shore line as a controlled deposition zone for drifting sand. Five years of observation have proved the control measure used to be highly effective. The general applicability of the treatment to similar areas is suggested.
THE TOWN PLANS

AbstractThe town plans in question are those ranging from the “five-foot” (1/1056) to the modified “ten-foot” (1/500) scales, made by the Ordnance Survey between 1841 and 1894, and then, in principle at any rate, abandoned. This is, I fear, wholly a British matter and profuse apologies are offered to oversea readers. Yet history, repeating itself as usual, may presently add the wider interest to the tale.
Determination of radical scavenging activity of Creatine lysinate against methanol solutions of ABTS

Dietrary Creatine supplements can exert benefits against muscular dystrophic diseases, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease), and fibromyalgia and can provide protection towards neurodegenerative disorders as Huntington, Parkinson and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Creatine supplementation improves cognition and memory and can promote muscle strength. Creatine plays an important role in maintaining heart function in congestive heart failure. The current investigation's goal was to learn more about the ability of creatine lysinate to scavenge ABTS-radicals. Radiation scavenging activity [%], idex of inhibition (IC50), antioxidant power (1/IC50), and Trolox equivalent activity were calculated using the reduction in the absorbance at = 744 nm of the methanol solution of the ABTS-radical. Creatine lysinate (IC50 = 62.8 mM) exhibits an antiradical action, as shown by the experimental findings. According to the available data, creatine lysinate is less active than trolox (IC50 = 0.2 mM), which is because it has a greater IC50 value and less antioxidant capacity (1/IC50, = 0.016) than trolox (1/IC50, = 5). In current investigation was confirmed that ABTS-radical scavenging effect of Creatine lysinate is higher in comparison with Creatine monohydrate (IC50 = 100.98 mM), which was proven by the obtained higher Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity TEAC = 0.003 of Creatine lysinate, compared with that of Creatine monohydrate (TEAC = 0.002).
Work, leisure, and the Monday Blue: Does culture matter?

This paper finds that national culture differences can explain the variation in the cross-country day-of-the-week (DOW) effect. More specifically, countries with lower individualism and higher power distance index tend to have a stronger DOW effect. We argue that in countries with lower individualism and higher power distance index, the distinction between weekend leisure and weekday work is more prominent, leading to more pessimistic feelings on Mondays, and subsequently to a stronger DOW effect. Our results support the Monday Blue hypothesis.
Restless Leg Syndrome in Hospitalized Psychiatric Patients in Mashhad

Background and Objective Sleep disorders, especially restless leg syndrome (RLS), have in recent years been recognized as common problems that increase the risk of mental disorders, anxiety, and depression, and lead to decreased quality of life and social isolation. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the frequency of RSL in psychiatric patients admitted to Ibn Sina Hospital, Mashhad, Iran during 2020–2021.Methods Eligible individuals were selected using available sampling, and after determining the type of psychiatric disorder, the demographic and medical information of patients were recorded. The RLS assessment questionnaire was used to evaluate the purpose of the study.Results Of the 150 hospitalized patients with psychiatric disorders, 67 (44.7%) were male, and the mean age of the subjects was 34.63 ± 10.80 years. RLS was not observed in 100 patients (66.7%); however, mild RLS was shown in 33 patients (22%), while severe type was shown in 17 patients (11.3%). The prevalence of major depressive disorder and lithium consumption was significantly higher in people with RLS than in those without the syndrome (p = 0.047 and p = 0.012, respectively). Conclusions These results indicate that there is a relationship between the prevalence of RLS and some psychological disorders and medications that are commonly used in this field. Managing the symptoms of this syndrome by better understanding its predisposing factors can lead to better management of patients.
Navigating Evidence, Challenges, and Caution in the Treatment of Stimulant Use Disorders

Amidst the opioid epidemic, harm reduction-oriented approaches have gained traction, including interventions that focus on prescribing pharmaceutical-grade psychoactive substances, such as opioids, instead of illicit versions, intending to mitigate fatal overdose risks arising from the variability in potency and additives found in illicit drugs. Stimulants have increasingly been found in the victims of opioid overdoses, further prompting some to argue for the prescription of stimulant medications for individuals with stimulant use disorders. Yet, the evidence supporting this practice remains insufficient. In this communication, we critically examine the existing evidence, challenges, and cautions surrounding the treatment of stimulant use disorder.
Visitor management in protected areas

Abstract Visitor management is often too narrowly connected with mass/individual tourism in protected areas. Generally, visitor management can be used in any destination for mass and individual tourism also in connection with optimization of visitor flows, visitor concentration, and optimization of visitor impacts in a very broad sense. This paper focuses on the introduction of the theoretical concept of visitor management; it discusses different visitor management approaches and their principles, compares these approaches, and shortly describes typical visitor management tools. The discussion focuses on the appropriate use of chosen selected tools, mainly carrying capacity approaches, zoning and optimization of tourism infrastructure and monitoring, including tourism sustainability indicators. The computer simulation and prediction of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the phenomena in destination is also shortly described. The typical application of visitor management in protected areas is described as a case study and a set of recommendations for visitor management are declared.