Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Using Machine Learning

The global burden of mental ailments continues to rise, posing serious health risks as well as huge social, human rights, and economic ramifications in every country. One such disorder is the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) which is prevalent among children and teenagers. There is no single test that can diagnose ADHD. Symptoms must pose problems in at minimum two places (such as school, family, job, or leisure time) for at least six months to be diagnosed. Facing issues in paying attention by youngsters can lead to low academic performance. In addition to this, ADHD is sometimes linked to various mental illnesses and substance abuse issues, which can lead to further harm, especially in the contemporary generation. Unfortunately, ADHD is incurable. But early detection, together with an effective treatment and education plan, can help a child or adult with ADHD manage their symptoms. Therefore, this project attempts to classify ADHD using machine learning (ML) techniques in order to help provide valuable insights on establishing an automated diagnosis system. A comparative analysis of 4-way classification of ADHD using various machine learning algorithms has been done in WEKA toolkit (experimenter) while also experimenting with different subsets of features, including those created by applying genetic algorithm (GA), from the phenotypic characteristics of the ADHD-200 data set. The ML classifiers that have been used are Logistic, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT); implemented through J48 algorithm, Random Forest (RF), K-nearest neighbour (KNN); implemented through the instance-based learner (IBk) algorithm, and multi-layer perceptron (MLP). A total of 8 performance parameters were used for the evaluation of these classifiers: accuracy, precision, recall, F-measure, Kappa-statistic, root mean squared error (RMSE), Mathew's correlation coefficient (MCC), and area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve.
The role of context in the perception of environmental sounds

Past work has shown facilitatory effect of semantic context on the perception of speech. The present study investigated context effects in another large class of common meaningful sounds - environmental sounds. Sounds were arranged into sequences of five sounds designed to be either likely or not to have occurred together in a familiar auditory scene. After hearing each sequence, young adult normal-hearing listeners were instructed to first rate the coherence of each sequence and, next, label and order each sound by selecting from among 20 labels. Rating of contextual coherence of environmental sound sequences confirmed the initial distinction between sequence types. In the contextually coherent sound sequences, listeners were significantly more accurate in identifying sound labels and placing sounds in the correct presentation order. For both sequence types, there was a significant effect of sounds' temporal position in the sequence with best performance for the sounds that occurred in the beginning or t.
Topical application of gemcitabine generates microvesicle particles in human and murine skin

Chemotherapy has remained the mainstay for the treatment of multiple types of cancers. In particular, topical use of chemotherapy has been used for skin cancers. Though effective, topical chemotherapy has been limited due to adverse effects such as local and even systemic toxicities. Our recent studies demonstrated that exposure to pro‐oxidative stressors, including therapeutic agents induces the generation of extracellular vesicles known as microvesicle particles (MVP) which are dependent on activation of the Platelet‐activating factor‐receptor (PAFR), a G‐protein coupled receptor present on various cell types, and acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase), an enzyme required for MVP biogenesis. Based upon this premise, we tested the hypothesis that topical application of gemcitabine will induce MVP generation in human and murine skin. Our ex vivo studies using human skin explants demonstrate that gemcitabine treatment results in MVP generation in a dose‐dependent manner in a process blocked by PAFR antagonist and aSMase inhibitor. Importantly, gemcitabine‐induced MVPs carry PAFR agonists. To confirm the mechanisms, we employed PAFR‐expressing and deficient (Ptafr−/−) mouse models as well as mice deficient in aSMase enzyme (Spmd1−/−). Similar to the findings using pharmacologic tools, genetic‐based approaches demonstrate that gemcitabine‐induced MVP release in WT mice was blunted in Ptafr−/− and Spmd1−/− mice. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism by which local chemotherapy can generate bioactive components as a bystander effect in a process that is dependent upon the PAFR‐aSMase pathway.
Roles of Glutamate Receptor-Like Channels (GLRs) in Plant Growth and Response to Environmental Stimuli

Plant glutamate receptor-like channels (GLRs) are the homologues of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) that mediate neurotransmission in mammals, and they play important roles in various plant-specific physiological processes, such as pollen tube growth, sexual reproduction, root meristem proliferation, internode cell elongation, stomata aperture regulation, and innate immune and wound responses. Notably, these biological functions of GLRs have been mostly linked to the Ca2+-permeable channel activity as GLRs can directly channel the transmembrane flux of Ca2+, which acts as a key second messenger in plant cell responses to both endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Thus, it was hypothesized that GLRs are mainly involved in Ca2+ signaling processes in plant cells. Recently, great progress has been made in GLRs for their roles in long-distance signal transduction pathways mediated by electrical activity and Ca2+ signaling. Here, we review the recent progress on plant GLRs, and special attention is paid to recent insights into the roles of GLRs in response to environmental stimuli via Ca2+ signaling, electrical activity, ROS, as well as hormone signaling networks. Understanding the roles of GLRs in integrating internal and external signaling for plant developmental adaptations to a changing environment will definitely help to enhance abiotic stress tolerance.
Fiber/Yarn-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs): Fabrication Strategy, Structure, and Application

With the demand of a sustainable, wearable, environmentally friendly energy source, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) were developed. TENG is a promising method to convert mechanical energy from motion into electrical energy. The combination of textile and TENG successfully enables wearable, self-driving electronics and sensor systems. As the primary unit of textiles, fiber and yarn become the focus of research in designing of textile-TENGs. In this review, we introduced the preparation, structure, and design strategy of fiber/yarn TENGs in recent research. We discussed the structure design and material selection of fiber/yarn TENGs according to the different functions it realizes. The fabrication strategy of fiber/yarn TENGs into textile-TENG are provided. Finally, we summarize the main applications of existing textile TENGs and give forward prospects for their subsequent development.
Design and Implementation Named Data Networking-Based Video Streaming System

Named Data Networking (NDN) is a future internet architecture with the method of giving a name to data and has in-network content caching abilities. With this ability, users can get their requested data faster. As users prioritize content or data more than the origin of the data, NDN can give more advantages than IP does. Video streaming is a technology that enables users to view live videos or pre-recorded videos without having to download them. The development of video streaming services and access to video streaming services continues to increase yearly. To overcome this problem, optimization of video applications and video transmission need to be done. In this paper, we propose a Video Streaming System based on future internet architecture Named Data Networking (NDN). This paper also compares IP-based video streaming systems and our implementation of an NDN-based video streaming system. Our NDN-based video streaming system can provide some improvement on video streaming applications over the existing IP-based video streaming system. As a result, our NDN-based video streaming implementation shows that performance on second access improved because of the in-caching network feature on NDN.
Greater Horseshoe Bats Recognize the Sex and Individual Identity of Conspecifics from Their Echolocation Calls

Simple Summary Recognition is crucial for many aspects of an animal’s life and directly affects its fitness. The aim of this study was to investigate whether greater horseshoe bats can recognize a conspecific’s sex and individual identity from its echolocation call alone. Through playback experiments, we demonstrated that greater horseshoe bats can recognize the sex and individual identity of conspecifics from their echolocation calls, which indicates that the echolocation calls of greater horseshoe bats may have potential communication functions. The results of this study improve our understanding of the communication function of the echolocation calls of bats. Abstract The echolocation calls of bats are mainly used for navigation and foraging; however, they may also contain social information about the emitter and facilitate social interactions. In this study, we recorded the echolocation calls of greater horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) and analyzed the acoustic parameter differences between the sexes and among individuals. Then, we performed habituation-discrimination playback experiments to test whether greater horseshoe bats could recognize the sex and individual identity of conspecifics from their echolocation calls. The results showed that there were significant differences in the echolocation call parameters between sexes and among individuals. When we switched playback files from a habituated stimuli to a dishabituated stimuli, the tested bats exhibited obvious behavioral responses, including nodding, ear or body movement, and echolocation emission. The results showed that R. ferrumequinum can recognize the sex and individual identity of conspecifics from their echolocation calls alone, which indicates that the echolocation calls of R. ferrumequinum may have potential communication functions. The results of this study improve our understanding of the communication function of the echolocation calls of bats.
Analysis and Implementation of a Low Power Sense Amplifier based flip flop with symmetric latch design

In this paper, sense amplifier based flip flop (SAFF) with different latch designs is implemented and analyzed with respect to minimum voltage supply, delay and power. The conventional SAFF along with Power PC Master Slave flip flop (MSFF) and Pulse triggered flip flop (PTFF) are also discussed. In the result section, the output waveform and parametric analysis of all the SAFFs are implemented and results of comparison of each schematic are also discussed. The schematic of all the flip flops are designed using gdpk90nm and simulated using cadence tool.
'We work in silos': Exploring clinicians' perspectives on the dietary management of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes in an Australian public hospital and community health service.

AIMS This study explored clinicians' perspectives on roles, practices and service delivery in the dietary management of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes in a public health service. METHODS Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 57 clinicians (21 nurses, 19 doctors, 13 dietitians and 4 physiotherapists) involved in the care of relevant patients across hospital and post-acute community settings in a metropolitan health service in Australia. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS A total of 3 themes with 10 subthemes were identified. (a) 'Treatment prioritisation': important role of nutrition in risk factor management; competing priorities with complex patients; weight loss as a priority; and dietitians individualise. (b) 'Diverse roles in providing diet advice': a tension between nutrients, restrictions and diet quality; patients seek and trust advice from non-dietitians; and providing nutrition information materials crosses professions. (c) 'Dietitian access': variable integration and resourcing; access governed by clinician discretion and perceived patient interest; and bespoke application of referral pathways. CONCLUSIONS Time and resource constraints, variable access and referral to dietitians, and inconsistent advice were key challenges in the dietary management of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Models of care may be improved with greater investment and integration of dietitians, including to provide professional support across disciplines and disease specialties.
Hybrid Fiber Optic Cable for Strain Profiling and Crack Growth Measurement in Rock, Cement, and Brittle Installation Media

Brillouin scattering-based distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) technologies such as Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry (BOTDR) and Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) have broad applicability for the long term and real-time monitoring of large concrete structures, underground mine excavations, pit slopes, and deep subsurface wellbores. When installed in brittle media, however, the meter scale spatial resolution of the BOTDR/A technology prohibits the detection or measurement of highly localized deformations, such as those which form at or along cracks, faults, and other discontinuities. This work presents a novel hybrid fiber optic cable with the ability to self-anchor to any brittle installation media without the need for manual installation along fixed interval points. Laboratory scale testing demonstrates the ability of the hybrid fiber optic cable to measure strains across highly localized deformation zones in both tension and shear. In addition, results show the applicability of the developed technology for strain monitoring in high displacement environments. Linear relationships are proposed for use in estimating the displacement magnitude along discontinuities in brittle media from strain signals collected from the hybrid fiber optic cable. The hybrid fiber optic cable has broad potential applications, such as geomechanical monitoring in underground mines, surface pits, large civil infrastructure projects, and deep subsurface wellbores. The benefits of fiber optic sensing, such as the intrinsic safety of the sensors, the long sensing range, and real time capabilities make this a compelling technique for long term structural health monitoring (SHM) in a wide range of industrial and civil applications.
Evolutionary Game Theory and Typology: A Case Study

This article deals with the typology of the case marking of semantic core roles. The competing economy considerations of hearer (disambiguation) and speaker (minimal effort) are formalized in terms of EVOLUTIONARY GAME THEORY. It is shown that the case-marking patterns that are attested in the languages of the world are those that are evolutionarily stable for different relative weightings of speaker economy and hearer economy, given the statistical patterns of language use that were extracted from corpora of naturally occurring conversations.
Therapeutic Approaches for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Exacerbations

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive pulmonary disorder underpinned by poorly reversible airflow resulting from chronic bronchitis or emphysema. The prevalence and mortality of COPD continue to increase. Pharmacotherapy for patients with COPD has included antibiotics, bronchodilators, and anti-inflammatory corticosteroids (but with little success). Oral diseases have long been established as clinical risk factors for developing respiratory diseases. The establishment of a very similar microbiome in the mouth and the lung confirms the oral-lung connection. The aspiration of pathogenic microbes from the oral cavity has been implicated in several respiratory diseases, including pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This review focuses on current and future pharmacotherapeutic approaches for COPD exacerbation including antimicrobials, mucoregulators, the use of bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, modifying epigenetic marks, and modulating dysbiosis of the microbiome.
Single Photon Avalanche Diode Circuits For Ultra-Violet Imaging

A compact CMOS single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) pixel for ultra-violet imaging is reported using a standard high-voltage CMOS process with a dedicated passivation opening for the diode. An active quenching circuit is proposed to increase the speed and reliability of avalanche quenching and recharge. A 9-bit digital counter is also provided in each pixel to perform photo-counting operations. The designed pixel has a size of $35 \times\ 40\ \mu\mathrm{m}$, with a fill factor of 8%.
Ultrasound in primary care: Consensus recommendations on its applications and training. Results of a 3-round Delphi study

Abstract Background The introduction of portable and pocket ultrasound scanners has potentiated the use of ultrasound in primary care, whose many applications have been studied, analyzed and collected in the literature. However, its use is heterogeneous in Europe and there is a lack of guidelines on the necessary training and skills. Objectives To identify the fundamental applications and indications of ultrasound for family physicians, the necessary knowledge and skills, and the definition of a framework of academic and pragmatic training for the development of these competencies. Methods A modified 3-round Delphi study was carried out in Catalonia, with the participation of 65 family physicians experts in ultrasound. The study was carried out over six months (from September 2020 to February 2021). The indications of ultrasound for family physicians were agreed (the > = 75th percentile was considered) and prioritised, as was the necessary training plan. Results The ultrasound applications in primary care were classified into seven main categories. For each application, the main indications (according to reason for consultation) in primary care were specified. A progressive training plan was developed, characterised by five levels of competence: A (principles of ultrasound and management of ultrasound scanners); B (basic normal ultrasound anatomy); C (advanced normal ultrasound anatomy); D (pathologic ultrasound, description of pathological images and diagnostic orientation); E (practical skills under conditions of routine clinical practice). Conclusion Training family physicians in ultrasound may consider seven main applications and indications. The proposed training plan establishes five different levels of competencies until skill in real clinical practice is achieved.
Design and Performance Analysis of Partial Computation Output Schemes for Accelerating Coded Machine Learning

Coded machine learning is a technique to use codes, such as <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(n,q)$</tex-math></inline-formula>-maximum-distance-separable (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(n,q)$</tex-math></inline-formula>-MDS) codes, to reduce the negative effect of stragglers by requiring <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$</tex-math></inline-formula> out of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$</tex-math></inline-formula> workers to complete their computation. However, the MDS scheme incurs significant inefficiency in wasting stragglers' unfinished computation and keeping faster workers idle. Accordingly, this paper proposes to fragment each worker's load into small pieces and utilizes all workers' partial computation outputs (PCO) to reduce the overall runtime. While easy-to-implement, the theoretical runtime performance analysis of our PCO scheme is challenging. We present new bounds and asymptotic analysis to prove that our PCO scheme always reduces the overall runtime for any random distribution of workers' speeds, and its performance gain over the MDS scheme can be arbitrarily large under high variability of workers' speeds. Moreover, our analysis shows another advantage: the PCO scheme's performance is robust and insensitive to system parameter variations, while the MDS scheme has to know workers' speeds for carefully optimizing <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Finally, our realistic experiments validate that the PCO scheme reduces the overall runtime from that of the MDS scheme by at least <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$12.3\%,$</tex-math></inline-formula> and we implement our PCO scheme for solving a typical machine learning problem of linear regression.
Sparse random distribution of noninteracting small chiral spheres in a chiral host medium

Considered here are the effective medium properties of a chiral composite made of a dilute concentration of small non-interacting chiral spheres, randomly suspended in a chiral host medium. Volume integral equations to determine the scattering characteristics of an inhomogeneous chiral scatterer are given. These equations are utilized to derive the electromagnetic polarizabilities of a small, homogeneous, chiral sphere embedded in a homogeneous chiral host medium. Finally, from the polarizabilities, the effective properties of the chiral-chiral composite are obtained.
On certain high-order partial differential expressions with δ-potential

The paper is devoted to the study of the formal differential expressions (−Δ) l u+a δ u for arbitrary l∈ℕ and arbitrary dimension of the space ℝ d . Approximations of the singular part by means of a family of rank-one operators are constructed and resolvent convergence of this family is investigated. It is demonstrated, that the construction of self-adjoint operators in the space L 2 (ℝ d ), corresponding to this expression, is connected with the problem of multiplication of distributions.
Break-out afterburner ion acceleration in the longer laser pulse length regime

Kinetic simulations of break-out-afterburner (BOA) ion acceleration from nm-scale targets are examined in a longer pulse length regime than studied previously. It is shown that when the target becomes relativistically transparent to the laser, an epoch of dramatic acceleration of ions occurs that lasts until the electron density in the expanding target reduces to the critical density in the non-relativistic limit. For given laser parameters, the optimal target thickness yielding the highest maximum ion energy is one in which this time window for ion acceleration overlaps with the intensity peak of the laser pulse. A simple analytic model of relativistically induced transparency is presented for plasma expansion at the time-evolving sound speed, from which these times may be estimated. The maximum ion energy attainable is controlled by the finite acceleration volume and time over which the BOA acts.