Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Initiate Disparate Th Responses to the Fungus Airways to the Draining Lymph Nodes and from the Aspergillus fumigatus Hyphae of Dendritic Cells Transport Conidia and

Aspergilli are respiratory pathogens and pulmonary infections are usually acquired through the inhalation of conidia, able to reach small airways and the alveolar space where the impaired host defense mechanisms allow hyphal germination and subsequent tissue invasion. The invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is the most common manifestation of Aspergillus fumigatus infection in immunocompromised patients and is characterized by hyphal invasion and destruction of pulmonary tissue. A Th1/Th2 dysregulation and a switch to a Th2 immune response may contribute to the development and unfavorable outcome of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Dendritic cells (DC) have a primary role in surveillance for pathogens at the mucosal surfaces and are recognized as the initiators of immune responses to them. In the present study, we assessed the functional activity of pulmonary DC in response to A. fumigatus conidia and hyphae, both in vitro and in vivo. We analyzed mechanisms and receptors for phagocytosis by DC as well as DC migration, maturation, and Th priming in vivo upon exposure to either form of the fungus. We found a remarkable functional plasticity of DC in response to the different forms of the fungus, as pulmonary DC were able to: 1) internalize conidia and hyphae of A. fumigatus through distinct phagocytic mechanisms and recognition receptors; 2) discriminate between the different forms in terms of cytokine production; 3) undergo functional maturation upon migration to the draining lymph nodes and spleens; and 4) instruct local and peripheral Th cell reactivity to the fungus. The Journal of Immunology, 2002, 168: 1362–1371.
Comparative Study of a Passive Hybrid Energy Storage System Using Lithium Ion Battery and Ultracapacitor

In this paper, scaled-down mathematical models, simulations, and experimental studies have been conducted to show the power sharing between battery and ultra-capacitor in a passive Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) using lithium ion battery and ultracapacitor. Detailed comparisons between a battery-only ESS and a passive HESS in terms of power capability, discharging time, and efficiency have been studied to investigate the advantages of passive HESS. Finally, we compare a passive HESS with an active HESS for Electric Vehicle (EV) and Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) applications, and the advantages of the passive HESS over active HESS are explained.
KNOWLEDGE OF DENGUE AMONG STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN (UNISZA), TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA AND THE INFLUENCE OF KNOWLEDGE OF DENGUE ON ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE

Reducing the vector population not only organization responsible, individual itself plays as important role in dengue prevention and control. Upon the understanding of the value of baseline data, a cross-sectional study was carried out in the dengue hotspot areas in Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA). The study results show that 83.9% of the population had a high level of knowledge, 10.6% had a good attitude and 81.8% were performing good practice against dengue infection. After adjusting confounding variables, age and educational level of respondents, knowledge as well as attitude were found to be significant associated factors for having good practice against dengue. The study findings provide the need for further information to undertake a holistic approach, which is in need of community participation and cooperation. Keywords: dengue fever; knowledge; attitudes; practice; student
Running head: Chromatin profiles of maize florigen genes

41 Activity of the maize florigen gene Zea CENTRORADIALIS 8 ( ZCN8 ) is associated with the floral 42 transition in both day-neutral temperate maize ( Zea mays ) and short-day (SD) requiring tropical 43 maize. We analyzed transcription and chromatin modifications at the ZCN8 locus and its nearly 44 identical paralog ZCN7 , during floral transition. This analysis was performed with day-neutral 45 maize ( Zea mays ssp mays ), where flowering is promoted almost exclusively via the autonomous 46 pathway through the activity of the regulatory gene indeterminate 1 ( id1 ), and tropical teosinte ( Zea 47 mays ssp parviglumis ) under floral-inductive and non-inductive photoperiods. Comparison of 48 ZCN7 / ZCN8 histone modification profiles in immature leaves of non-flowering id1 mutants and 49 teosinte grown under floral inhibitory photoperiods reveals that both id1 floral inductive activity 50 and SD-mediated induction result in histone modification patterns that are compatible with the 51 formation of transcriptionally competent chromatin environments. Specific histone modifications 52 are maintained during leaf development and may represent a chromatin signature that favors the 53 production of processed ZCN7 / ZCN8 mRNA in florigen-producing mature leaf. However, whereas 54 id1 function promotes histone H3 hyper-acetylation, SD induction is associated with increased 55 histone H3 di- and tri-methylation at lysine 4. In addition, id1 and SD differently affect the 56 production of ZCN7 / ZCN8 antisense transcript. These observations suggest that distinct 57 mechanisms distinguish florigen regulation in response to autonomous and photoperiod pathways. 58 Finally, the identical expression and histone modification profiles of ZCN7 and ZCN8 in response to 59 floral induction suggest that ZCN7 may represent a second maize florigen.
EARLY ONLINE RELEASE

11 Given vigorous mean diurnal variation (MDV) of cumulus convection and surface wind 12 over coastal waters of Indonesian Maritime Continent, surface sensible and latent heat 13 fluxes (SHF and LHF) are expected to also exhibit significant MDV. However, it is 14 difficult to grasp characteristics of MDV of these fluxes due to lack of surface 15 observation data. Recently, two intensive observation campaigns were conducted off the 16 west coast of Sumatra Island in boreal winter, which offer us a unique opportunity to 17 examine the characteristics of convection and the fluxes. This study analyzes these 18 observations to reveal that the MDV of both SHF and LHF has considerable amplitude 19 compared with the average. The MDV of SHF is primarily caused by that in surface air 20 temperature, which is due to the MDV of the convection. As for LHF, the MDV is 21 primarily caused by that of surface wind speed, in which both the MDV of convection play in the of the between two the of in and of 1) to perform intensive This will analyze 10-min mean surface meteorological parameters for periods from November 23 to December 12, 2015 (20 2 days) for YMC15, and from December 5 to 31, 2017 (27 days) for YMC17. The 3 parameters include surface wind velocity at 25 m above sea level (asl), air temperature 4 ( T air ) and water vapor specific humidity ( q air ) at 21 m asl, downwelling shortwave and 5 longwave radiation and pressure at 13 m asl, precipitation intensity measured by an 6 optical rain gauge, and sea surface temperature (SST). These data are available at 7 http://www.jamstec. go.jp/ymc/ymc_data. html. SHF and LHF are estimated from these 8 observations using the COARE3.0 bulk flux algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003). Detailed information of the implementation of the algorithm can be found in the Supplement.
Organ and primary culture of medaka (Oryzias latipes) testis: Test systems for the analysis of cell proliferation and differentiation

Organ cultures and primary cell cultures of medaka (Oryzias latipes) testes were compared with respect to cell viability and cell proliferation. The analysis by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry shows that in both preparations the cells remain viable for at least 1 day and cell proliferation can be analysed reliably by BrdU incorporation. The proliferating cells are mostly spermatogonia located at the periphery of the testis in tissue sections. Both culture systems were used to study the effect of 17-α-ethynyloestradiol on cell proliferation. The results obtained with organ and primary cultures were consistent; small concentrations (0.01 and 1 nM) of the synthetic oestrogen stimulated cell proliferation slightly, while higher concentrations (100 nM) had an inhibitory effect. Both culture methods are suitable for the analysis of substances that might interfere with germ cell proliferation or other functions in spermatogenesis.
Running Head: Cortical bone and Hip Fracture ROLE OF CORTICAL BONE IN HIP FRACTURE

In this review, I consider the varied mechanisms in cortical bone that help preserve its integrity and how they deteriorate with aging. Aging affects cortical bone in two ways: extrinsically through its effects on the individual that modify its mechanical loading experience and “milieu interieur”; and intrinsically through the prolonged cycle of remodeling and renewal extending to an estimated 20 years in the proximal femur. Healthy femoral cortex incorporates multiple mechanisms that help prevent fracture. These have been described at multiple length scales from the individual bone mineral crystal to the scale of the femur itself and appear to operate hierarchically. Each cortical bone fracture begins as a sub-microscopic crack that enlarges under mechanical load eg that imposed by a fall. In these conditions, a crack will enlarge explosively unless the cortical bone is intrinsically tough (the opposite of brittle). Toughness leads to microscopic crack deflection and bridging and may be increased by adequate regulation of both mineral crystal size and the heterogeneity of mineral and matrix phases. The role of osteocytes in optimizing toughness is beginning to be worked out; but many osteocytes die in situ without triggering bone renewal over a 20 year cycle, with potential for increasing brittleness. Furthermore, the supero-lateral cortex of the proximal femur thins progressively during life, so increasing the risk of buckling during a fall. Besides preserving or increasing hip BMD, pharmaceutical treatments have class-specific effects on the toughness of cortical bone, while dietary and exercise-based interventions show early promise.
Validation of an agent-based microscopic pedestrian simulation model in a crowded pedestrian walking environment

ABSTRACT This study validates a recently developed agent-based pedestrian micro-simulation model in a crowded walking environment. The model is applied to simulate pedestrian movements at a major street in the downtown Vancouver area. The street was closed for traffic to allow people attending a social event to leave the area safely. The calibration of model parameters is conducted using a Genetic Algorithm that minimizes the error between simulated and actual trajectories, acquired by means of computer vision. Validation results confirm the accuracy of the simulated trajectories, as the average error between the actual and simulated trajectories is found to be 0.28 m, and the average error in walking speed is just 0.06 m/s. Furthermore, results show that the model is capable of reproducing the actual behavior of pedestrians during different interactions with high accuracy (more than 94% for most interactions).
NDT_A_322884 2309..2314

1Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; 2Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda; 3Neurological and Behavioral Outcomes Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center & Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA Background: Over one-fourth of new onset epilepsy occurs after age 60. However, the burden of epilepsy and other seizure disorders among this special population in Africa is largely unknown, despite a growingnumber of elderly persons on the continent. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors for epilepsy among persons aged 60 years or older in Africa. Methods: We conducted a systematic review by searching MEDLINE (via) and EMBASE databases from inception to 30th October 2020. Primary researches reporting prevalence or incidence of seizures or epilepsy in older persons (≥60 years) were included. Review articles were excluded. Results: We retrieved 107 citations from which 4 studies, recruiting 10, 334 participants were eligible. The studies were conducted between 1999 and 2018 and published between 2005 and 2019. Two of the studies were conducted in the West African countries of Niger and Senegal; meanwhile, the remaining 2 were conducted in East African country of Tanzania. Regarding study design, three were either hospital-based or community-based cross-sectional studies. Meanwhile, 1 was a retrospective hospital-based study. Of the 10,334 participants, 81 (0.78%) had a seizure disorder. The prevalence of seizure ranged from 0.02% to 3.2%. Conclusion: There are limited data on the prevalence of epilepsy in older persons in older adults in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Epilepsy among the older adults remains a challenge in Africa and more information is needed to understand the burden to improve care.
Coded aperture imaging

This thesis studies the coded aperture camera, a device consisting of a conventional camera with a modified aperture mask, that enables the recovery of both depth map and all-in-focus image from a single 2D input image. Key contributions of this work are the modeling of the statistics of natural images and the design of efficient blur identification methods in a Bayesian framework. Two cases are distinguished: 1) when the aperture can be decomposed in a small set of identical holes, and 2) when the aperture has a more general configuration. In the first case, the formulation of the problem incorporates priors about the statistical variation of the texture to avoid ambiguities in the solution. This allows to bypass the recovery of the sharp image and concentrate only on estimating depth. In the second case, the depth reconstruction is addressed via convolutions with a bank of linear filters. Key advantages over competing methods are the higher numerical stability and the ability to deal with large blur. The all-in-focus image can then be recovered by using a deconvolution step with the estimated depth map. Furthermore, for the purpose of depth estimation alone, the proposed algorithm does not require information about the mask in use. The comparison with existing algorithms in the literature shows that the proposed methods achieve state-of-the-art performance. This solution is also extended for the first time to images affected by both defocus and motion blur and, finally, to video sequences with moving and deformable objects. To Sobia, my strength .
Human Galectin-9 Promotes the Expansion of HIV Reservoirs in vivo in Humanized Mice

Objective The human endogenous β-galactoside-binding protein Galectin-9 (Gal-9) reactivates latently HIV-infected cells, which may allow for immune-mediated clearance of these cells. However, Gal-9 also activates T cell Receptor (TCR) signaling pathways, which could negatively affect HIV persistence by promoting T cell expansion and chronic activation/exhaustion. This potential “double-edged sword” effect of Gal-9 during HIV infection raises the question of the overall beneficial versus detrimental impact of Gal-9 on HIV persistence in vivo. Design We used the BLT (bone marrow, liver, thymus) humanized mouse model to evaluate the overall impact of Gal-9 on HIV persistence in vivo during antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods Two independent cohorts of BLT mice with high human immune reconstitution were infected with HIV, placed on ART, and then treated with either recombinant human Gal-9 or PBS during ART suppression. Plasma viral loads and levels of tissue-associated HIV DNA and RNA were measured by qPCR. Markers of T cell activation/exhaustion were measured by flow cytometry, and plasma markers of inflammation were measured by multiplex cytokine arrays. Results Gal-9 treatment was tolerable in ART-suppressed humanized mice and did not significantly induce plasma markers of inflammation or T cell markers of activation/exhaustion. However, Gal-9 treatment during ART significantly increased levels of tissue-associated HIV DNA and RNA compared to controls (P=0.0007 and P=0.011, respectively, for cohort I and P=0.002 and P=0.005, respectively, for cohort II). Conclusions Our study highlights the overall adverse effects of Gal-9 on HIV persistence and the potential need to block Gal-9 interactions during ART-suppressed HIV infection.
Leveraging Linguistic Signaling to Prompt Feedback in Open Innovation Communities

: Organizations are increasingly using open innovation communities (OICs) to gain external ideas. The success of OICs in promoting innovation, however, depends not just on posting activity by participants, but, crucially, on whether or not responses are subsequently received. Drawing on signaling theory, our study tries to explore how to leverage linguistic signals expressed in idea descriptions to influence feedback from two key parties: the moderator and peers. Linguistic features are divided into affective signaling (i.e., linguistic style matching, negative emotion, and impoliteness) and informative signaling (i.e., post length and quality). The research model is empirically tested on a large dataset collected from the Huawei community. Results show that both affective and informative signaling are eﬀective in invoking feedback from the moderator. We also find that only negative emotion is positively associated with feedback from peers, while the effects of other signals show different trends. This research provides practical insights into how to maintain the viability of OICs.
COPD_A_263025 2199..2206

1Pulmonary Research Institute at Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany; 2Verona Pharma Plc, Raleigh, NC, USA; 3StatMind AB, Lund, Sweden; 4Medicines Evaluation Unit, University of Manchester & Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK Introduction: Ensifentrine is an inhaled first-in-class dual inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3 and 4. In a four-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), nebulized ensifentrine 0.75 to 6mg twice daily significantly improved bronchodilation and symptoms, with all doses being well tolerated. Here, we report data for a number of prespecified exploratory and post hoc endpoints from this study that help to further profile the effect of ensifentrine on symptoms. Methods: Eligible patients were males or females aged 40–75 years with COPD, postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second 40–80% predicted. Other than being clinically stable for at least four weeks prior to entry, there were no symptomatic inclusion or exclusion criteria. The outcome measures reported in this manuscript are the Evaluating Respiratory Symptoms [E-RSTM:COPD] questionnaire total score and subscales (breathlessness, cough/sputum and chest symptoms) at Weeks 1–4, Transition Dyspnea Index (TDI) focal score at Weeks 2 and 4, and St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire – COPD Specific (SGRQ-C) total score and domain data (symptoms, activity and impacts) at Week 4. Results: There was a gradual improvement versus placebo with all ensifentrine doses for all three E-RSTM:COPD subscales from Week 1 to Week 4, with the greatest ensifentrine effect on the breathlessness subscale, and all four doses superior to placebo from Week 2 onwards (p<0.05). For TDI focal score, all ensifentrine doses were superior to placebo at Weeks 2 and 4 (p<0.05). In the individual SGRQ-C domains at Week 4, ensifentrine had the greatest effect on the symptoms domain, with ensifentrine 6mg superior to placebo (p<0.05). Conclusion: In these analyses, ensifentrine demonstrated a notable early and meaningful effect on dyspnea, with this effect observed across two different assessment tools.
Two-Year Outcomes for the Double-Blind, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Study of Targeted Lung Denervation in Patients with Moderate to Severe COPD: AIRFLOW-2

exacerbations are associated with and use of optimal therapy. A novel bronchoscopic therapy, targeted lung denervation (TLD), which disrupts parasympathetic pulmonary inner-vation of the lung, has been developed to reduce clinical consequences of cholinergic hyperactivity and its impact on COPD exacerbations. The AIRFLOW-2 study assessed the durability of safety and efficacy of TLD additive to optimal drug therapy compared to sham bronchoscopy and optimal drug therapy alone in subjects with moderate-to-severe, symptomatic COPD two years post randomization. control subjects were offered the opportunity to undergo TLD. A time-to-first-event analysis on moderate and severe and severe exacerbations of COPD was performed. Results: Eighty-two subjects (FEV 1 41.6±7.4% predicted, 50.0% male, age 63.7±6.8 yrs, 24% with prior year respiratory hospitalization) were randomized. Time-to-first severe COPD exacerbation was significantly lengthened in the TLD arm (p=0.04, HR=0.38) at 2 years post-TLD therapy and trended towards similar attenuation for moderate and severe COPD exacerbations (p=0.18, HR=0.71). No significant changes in lung function or SGRQ-C were found 2 years post randomization between groups. Conclusion: In a randomized trial, TLD demonstrated a durable effect of significantly lower risk of severe AECOPD over 2 years. Further, lung function and quality of life remained stable following TLD. follow-up data for the randomized sham-controlled AIRFLOW-2 clinical modified medical research council dyspnea score; FEV 1 , forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity.
Knowledge, attitudes and preventive behaviors toward COVID-19: a study among higher education students in Portugal

Purpose – The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes and behaviors about COVID-19 among Portuguese higher education students. Design/methodology/approach – In May 2020, all students from a Portuguese University were invited to participate in completing an online questionnaire. A total of 262 students participated. COVID-19 related knowledge, attitudes toward COVID-19 and preventive behaviors were assessed. Differences between outcomes and sociodemographics were analyzed through independent t -tests and the ANOVA. A generalized linear model was calculated to determine the predictive variables of preventive behaviors. Findings – Students revealed good knowledge about COVID-19, correctly answering 13.06 (SD 5 1.25) questionsinatotalof14andfavorableattitudestowardpreventivebehaviors( M 5 32.73,SD 5 2.88). Students reported always engaging in, on average, 5.81 (SD 5 2.61) of the 12 behavior analyzed. Females presented higher levels of knowledge, more positive attitudes and engaged in more preventive behaviors than males. Being a bachelor ’ s (Exp ( β ) 5 8.213, 95% CI: 1.791 – 37.670, p < 0.01) or a master ’ s degree student (Exp ( β ) 5 7.568, 95% CI: 1.598 – 35.835, p < 0.05) and having positive attitudes toward preventive behavior of COVID-19predictedtheadoptionofthosepreventivebehavior(Exp( β ) 5 1.340,95%CI:1.189 – 1.510, p <0.001). Originality/value – This study provides useful data to plan health education programs about COVID-19 among higher education students. The continuous investment by universities in preventive campaigns is essential to promote good preventive behaviors in the next academic