Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF TIPOVER STABILITY FOR NOVEL SHAPE SHIFTING MODULAR ROBOT

A novel three-module robot has been introduced. It can change its configuration to adapt to the uneven terrain and to improve its tipover stability. This three-module tracked robot has three kinds of symmetry configuration. They are line type, triangle type, and row type. After the factors and the countermeasures of mobile robot's tipover problem are analyzed, stability pyramid and tipover stability index are proposed to globally determinate the mobile robot's static stability and dynamic stability. The shape shifting robot is tested by this technique under the combined disturbance of pitch, roll and yaw in simulation. The simulation result shows that this technique is effective for the analysis of mobile robot's tipover stability, especially for the reconfigurable or shape shifting modular robot. Experiments on three symmetry configurations are made under unstructured environments. The environment experiment shows the same result as that of the simulation that the triangle type config.
Threshold and memory switching in polycrystalline silicon

Both threshold and memory switching have been observed in very high value resistors formed from undoped low pressure chemical vapor deposited (LPCVD) polycrystalline silicon and of a size suitable for microelectronic application. The resistors undergo a reversible, current‐controlled negative resistance transition at a threshold voltage of around 50 V. A slightly higher applied voltage induces the memory switching transition, with a permanent increase in conductance of more than a factor of 106. It is suggested that threshold switching occurs via charge injection that neutralizes grain boundary potential barriers, thereby increasing the carrier mobility. It is probable that the memory switching event is due to the formation of a permanent, relatively conductive filament induced by Joule heating of the material.
Art Design of the Real-Time Image Interactive Interface of the Advertising Screen Based on Augmented Reality and Visual Communication

Augmented reality refers to the use of new display technology, multimedia technology, and human-computer interaction technology to superimpose computer-generated virtual objects, virtual scenes, or various system prompts into the real scene, so as to achieve integration with the surrounding environment of the user. The user can visually feel that the superimposed virtual information is a part of the real environment around him. Under the technology of augmented reality and visual communication, this article achieves the art design of the real-time image interactive interface of the advertising screen, digitally enhances the real situation, enriches the visual sense of the advertising audience, and turns the advertisement into an interactive form. This article analyzes the specific content of the composition, graphics, color, proportion, brightness, and design principles in the advertisement. We conduct a questionnaire survey and combine them according to the above 6 indicators. Query a large number of documents for analysis, and conduct a theoretical analysis of the real-time interactive image interface design of the advertising screen based on augmented reality technology. According to the experimental results obtained in this study, the data shows the P value of the scores of the six age groups on the text in the advertisement is less than 0.05. There is a significant difference; at the same time, the P value of each index in the advertisement is also less than 0.05. The significant difference indicates that the legibility of the text is an important factor in the text interaction in the interactive interface.
Konzentrationsbestimmung in Wasser-Zucker-Ethanol-Gemischen mittels adiabatischer Kompressibilität und DichteConcentration Determination in Water-Sugar-Ethanol-Mixtures via Adiabatic Compressibility and Density

Zusammenfassung Bei alkoholischen Hefefermentationsprozessen in der zuckerverarbeitenden Industrie ist es wichtig, die Konzentrationen von Zucker und Ethanol im Fermentationsfluid als Indikatoren für den Reaktionsfortschritt genau zu kennen. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt ein neues Verfahren zur Konzentrationsbestimmung, das sich der physikalischen Parameter adiabatische Kompressibilität und Dichte bedient, die aus den vom einem Ultraschallsensor bei einem Messvorgang simultan gemessenen Größen Schallgeschwindigkeit und akustische Impedanz berechnet werden können. Die Genauigkeit des Verfahrens liegt bei einer Massekonzentration von ca. 0,05 g/100 g.
Total Quality Management from Theory to Practice: A Case Study

Most quality professionals recommend a core set of attributes as the nucleus of any quality improvement process. These attributes include: (1) clarifying job expectations; (2) setting quality standards; (3) measuring quality improvement; (4) effective super‐vision; (5) listening by management; (6) feedback by management; and (7) effective training. Based on a survey of employees at a medium‐sized manufacturing firm in the United States, it was found that management philosophy and actions can undermine even a proven total quality management (TQM) programme. For the many firms which hire outside consultants to set up a TQM programme, makes recommendations to management to ensure its successful implementation.
The Volvo Uddevalla Plant and Interpretations of Industrial Design Processes

Argues that the design of the Volvo Uddevalla plant may be described as a process with an “internal logic” in which design options were eliminated through irreversible design decisions until only one alternative remained ‐ an unorthodox alternative comprising, for example, long cycle time work never used before for full‐scale production of automobiles. Contends that the most innovative features of the Uddevalla plant ‐ i.e. the detailed layout in the assembly workshops and the corresponding unorthodox production principles used ‐ were in many respects an unanticipated outcome of the design process. Pre‐existing gross layout of the plant as well as the interaction between the materials feeding techniques adopted and the operation of the automated guided vehicle system. When this was perceived by the Volvo managers, the design process had passed the point of no return, i.e. the investments made and lack of time prevented regression to more traditional layouts and production principles.
ZDHHC19 localizes to the cell membrane of spermatids and is involved in spermatogenesis

Abstract Sperm is the ultimate executor of male reproductive function. Normal morphology, quantity, and motility of sperm ensure the normal reproductive process. Palmitoylation is a posttranslational modification mediated by palmitoyltransferases whereby palmitoyl is added to proteins. Seven palmitoyltransferases have been identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 23 in humans (including ZDHHC1–9 and ZDHHC11–24), with corresponding homologs in mice. We identified two testis-specific palmitoyltransferases ZDHHC11 and ZDHHC19 in mice. The Zdhhc11 and Zdhhc19-knockout mouse models were constructed, and it was found that the Zdhhc11 knockout males were fertile, while Zdhhc19 knockout males were sterile. ZDHHC19 is located in the cell membrane of step 4–9 spermatids in the mouse testis, and phenotypic analysis showed that the testicular weight ratio in the Zdhhc19-/- mice decreased along with the number and motility of the sperm decreased, while sperm abnormalities increased, mainly due to the “folded” abnormal sperm caused by sperm membrane fusion, suggesting the involvement of ZDHHC19 in maintaining membrane stability in the male reproductive system. In addition, Zdhhc19-/- mice showed abnormal sperm morphologies and apoptosis during spermatogenesis, suggesting that spermatogenesis in the Zdhhc19-/- mice was abnormal. These results indicate that ZDHHC19 promotes membrane stability in male germ cells. Summary Sentence ZDHHC19 is located in the cell membrane of Step4–9 spermatids in mouse testis; Zdhhc19 knockout mice showed male infertility, abnormal spermatogenesis, sperm morphology and motility.
Enabling fast path delay measurement using closeness centrality

As one of the key performance metrics, path delay is of great significance for network policy making. Existing work has focused too much on the accuracy of delay measurement and neglected its timeliness. In response, in this paper, we propose a fast path delay measurement scheme using closeness centrality for software‐defined network. First, the node ranking method using closeness centrality is used to select the initial point for the delay measurement to enable fast forwarding of probe packets. On this basis, we assign link weights according to the delay measurement results, and readjust the measurement points to optimize the performance. A series of simulation experiments on different topologies and network state verifies the advantage of the proposed scheme in this paper in terms of time overhead for delay measurement, compared to existing work.
Communication and Contacts in Massively Interconnected Systems Part 1: Rent's Rule and Connectedness between People

Communication and contacts between people are the heart of the organization of any human activity. To account for this important factor in modern systems of management of human activities it is necessary to develop quantitative methods for the description of communication, contacts and connectivity between people. Despite the obvious importance of this direction of research in organizational science it is still remains in the shadow of other equally important issues. It is important to notice, that similar problems of quantitative description of connectedness of the elements and systems in electronics arose long time ago in the 60's of the last century. Over the last 50 years in this area of electronics are obtained useful theoretical and practical results that can serve as a guide in organization science. The first result in this direction of quantitative description of connectivity was the so-called Rent’s Rule [1]. Rent, an employee of IBM, empirically established a relation between the number of signal pins of logic blocks as a function of the number of elements in the block. These studies continue to date in several ways, including the different applications of the Rent's Rule, generalizations of this rule for use in other areas, as well as the development of the theory of connectivity, which considers the communication and contacts between people as dynamic processes that take place in time and space [2, 3, 4]. Another area of research of communication and contacts between people is the Professor Thomas J. Allen’s research of MIT. In late 70s he discovered Allen Curve which is the exponential drop of frequency of communication between engineers as the distance between them increases [5]*. This paper consists of three parts. The first part discusses the possibility of using the Rent's Rule to analyze communications and contacts in human or peopled systems.
Accurate analysis of losses in waveguide structures by compact two-dimensional FDTD method combined with autoregressive signal analysis

An efficient two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (2-D FDTD) method combined with an autoregressive (AR) signal analysis has been proposed for analyzing the propagation properties of microwave guiding structures. The method is especially suitable for analyzing lossy transmission lines; and in contrast with previous approaches, it is based on an algorithm of a real domain only. The algorithm is verified by comparing the numerical results with exact solutions for dielectric loaded rectangular waveguides. The conductor losses in a variety of microstrip lines and coplanar waveguides have been accurately estimated by solving the electromagnetic fields in the conductors directly.
Investigation on Yield Traits and Quality Properties of some Egyptian Cotton Genotypes Treated with Nano Titanium (TiO2)

Two field experiments were carried out at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt in 2017 and 2018 growing seasons, using Giza 94 and Giza 97 Egyptian cotton genotypes to investigate the effect of foliar application of nano titanium under three concentrations (25, 50 and 100ppm concentration of n-TiO 2 ) at two foliar application times (at the beginning of flowering and at the top of flowering) on yield, yield components and fiber quality. The experimental design was split plot design in three replicate. The obtained results indicated that titanium foliar treatments at the beginning of flowering recoded significant increase in yield characters except boll weight in both varieties compared to spraying at the top of flowering. Using 50ppm of nano titanium treatment improved significantly yield and yield component (No. of open boll/ plant, boll weight (g), seed index(g), seed cotton yield(g/plant), lint cotton yield (g/plant) and lint percentage% ) compared to the control, 25ppm and 100ppm of n-TiO 2 treatments, however this improvement in fiber properties was practically of low magnitude in both varieties along the two seasons. The Effect of growing season on yield traits was insignificant in most cases while it was insignificant on all fiber properties of the two varieties. Chemical analysis of the seed produced from 100ppm treatment indicated that the residue amount of titanium in the seed is lower than the permitted limits specified by World Health Organization in food and feed products.
Rethinking entrenched narratives about protected areas and human wellbeing in the Global South

Attempts to link human development and biodiversity conservation goals remain a constant feature of policy and practice related to protected areas (PAs). Underlying these approaches are narratives that simplify assumptions, shaping how interventions are designed and implemented. We examine evidence for five key narratives: 1) conservation is pro-poor; 2) poverty reduction benefits conservation; 3) compensation neutralises costs of conservation; 4) local participation is good for conservation; 5) secure tenure rights for local communities support effective conservation. Through a mixed-method synthesis combining a review of 100 peer-reviewed papers and 25 expert interviews, we examined if and how each narrative is supported or countered by the evidence. The first three narratives are particularly problematic. PAs can reduce material poverty, but exclusion brings substantial local costs to wellbeing, often felt by the poorest. Poverty reduction will not inevitably deliver on conservation goals and trade-offs are common. Compensation (for damage due to human wildlife conflict, or for opportunity costs), is rarely sufficient or commensurate with costs to wellbeing and experienced injustices. There is more support for narratives 4 and 5 on participation and secure tenure rights, highlighting the importance of redistributing power towards Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities in successful conservation. In light of the proposed expansion of PAs under the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, we outline implications of our review for the enhancement and implementation of global targets in order to proactively integrate social equity into conservation and the accountability of conservation actors.
One is the loneliest number: Exploring the role of the second driver in Australian rail operations

Background: In Australia, train driving is undertaken in single or dual driving modes. While single driver operations are already an increasing trend in the rail industry, research has yet to examine the circumstances under which these modes of operation are most appropriate. Understanding the differences in workload for the single driver and overall error tolerance is critical for safe implementation, particularly for the freight task, which has traditionally been relegated a dual driving operation. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that train drivers felt might be related to safe operation of the train in single and dual driving. Method: Data were collected using a qualitative methodology that combined focus groups, interviews, and observations. In total, sixty-five train drivers participated from 7 rail organisations across Australia. Data were inductively coded and analysed thematically. Results: Positive evaluations of dual driving focused on safety and shared responsibility with particular emphasis on signal observance and workload management. Negative evaluations revealed concern for distraction, inattention, and importantly, personality differences. Two drivers were considered important for freight operations, however the utility of a dual driving mode in metro operations were met with more reserve, where being alone with the task was actually valued. Conclusion: The findings revealed a substantial psychosocial component to perceptions of safety in single versus dual driving, and identified a number of factors that could be tested in a simulator environment. Subsequent study may use these findings to generate evidence-based guidelines for single and dual driver operations under different safe working environments. ©Naweed: Licensee HFESA Inc.
A Mixed SVPWM Technique for Three-Phase Current Reconstruction With Single DC Negative Rail Current Sensor

The single current sensor operation (SCSO) has attracted widespread attention in the motor drive system because of its ability to reduce cost and volume. However, when the SCSO is used with the conventional space vector puleswidth modulation (SVPWM) technique, the current reconstruction unobservable area in the sector boundary and low modulation area will degrade the accuracy of sampling data. In this article, a mixed SVPWM (MSVPWM) control scheme is proposed to eliminate the unobservable area. With the proposed scheme, the zero vectors (${{{\bm V}}_{{\rm {0}}}}$ and ${{{\bm V}}_{{\rm {7}}}}$) are replaced by the complementary effective vectors to achieve the same effect in the sector boundary and low modulation area, and the SVPWM is applied to the remaining space vector plane. These inserted effective vectors make the current observation window time prolonged to ensure that the dc-link current data can be accurately acquired in the entire space vector plane. Hence, the high-quality reconstruction of the phase current can be realized with less impact on the output of current ripples and reconstruction errors. Moreover, the relationship between the rotation speed and the increase in switching losses under different switching frequencies is quantitatively analyzed. The effectiveness of the MSVPWM reconstruction algorithm was verified by experimental results obtained from a permanent-magnet synchronous servo motor.
Improving the Learning Rate, Accuracy, and Workspace of Reinforcement Learning Controllers for a Musculoskeletal Model of the Human Arm

Cervical spinal cord injuries frequently cause paralysis of all four limbs - a medical condition known as tetraplegia. Functional electrical stimulation (FES), when combined with an appropriate controller, can be used to restore motor function by electrically stimulating the neuromuscular system. Previous works have demonstrated that reinforcement learning can be used to successfully train FES controllers. Here, we demonstrate that transfer learning and curriculum learning can be used to improve the learning rates, accuracies, and workspaces of FES controllers that are trained using reinforcement learning.
Game Theory and Risk Analysis

Risk analysts often analyze adversarial risks from terrorists or other intelligent attackers without mentioning game theory. Why? One reason is that many adversarial situations—those that can be represented as attacker-defender games, in which the defender first chooses an allocation of defensive resources to protect potential targets, and the attacker, knowing what the defender has done, then decides which targets to attack—can be modeled and analyzed successfully without using most of the concepts and terminology of game theory. However, risk analysis and game theory are also deeply complementary. Game-theoretic analyses of conflicts require modeling the probable consequences of each choice of strategies by the players and assessing the expected utilities of these probable consequences. Decision and risk analysis methods are well suited to accomplish these tasks. Conversely, game-theoretic formulations of attack-defense conflicts (and other adversarial risks) can greatly improve upon some current risk analyses that attempt to model attacker decisions as random variables or uncertain attributes of targets (“threats”) and that seek to elicit their values from the defender's own experts. Game theory models that clarify the nature of the interacting decisions made by attackers and defenders and that distinguish clearly between strategic choices (decision nodes in a game tree) and random variables (chance nodes, not controlled by either attacker or defender) can produce more sensible and effective risk management recommendations for allocating defensive resources than current risk scoring models. Thus, risk analysis and game theory are (or should be) mutually reinforcing.
Viscoelastic Responses of the Lumbar Spine during Prolonged Stooping

There is considerable evidence that awkward postures of the low back are related to the incidence of low back disorders (LBDs), but the specific biomechanics/physiology of this link is not fully developed. This study combined empirical work with finite element analyses to explore this relationship. The empirical work focused on quantifying the time-dependent responses of the lumbar spine during a prolonged stooped posture by assessing the changes in the sagittal plane range of motion and the electromyographic activity of the back extensor musculature during and after prolonged stooping. Ten healthy participants performed a regimen of a 10 minute stooping period followed by a 10 minute upright standing recovery period, with an isokinetic lift at every 2.5 minutes. Results showed significant creep effects of the flexion angle and the increased activity of extensor muscles in stooping to compensate for the reduced extensor moment producing capability of the passive tissues. The 10 minute upright standing did not produce a full recovery of the lumbar spine tissues but a 30 second rest break in the middle of the stooping moderated these viscoelastic responses. A nonlinear viscoelastic 3D finite element (FE) model of the lumbar spine was developed to predict the responses of the passive and active tissues of the low back. Validation of the FE model by comparing its predicted results (range of motion, muscle activation levels, etc.) with experimental results indicated good agreement in terms of mechanical behaviors in stooping, confirming the capability of the FE model as a potential tool for risk assessment of the prolonged stooping tasks.