Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal Bank Regulation in the Presence of Credit and Run Risk

We modify the Diamond and Dybvig (1983) model so that, besides offering liquidity services to depositors, banks also raise equity funding, make loans that are risky, and can invest in safe, liquid assets. The bank and its borrowers are subject to limited liability. When profitable, banks monitor borrowers to ensure that they repay loans. Depositors may choose to run based on conjectures about the resources that are available for people withdrawing early and beliefs about banks’ monitoring. We use a new type of global game to solve for the run decision. We find that banks opt for a more deposit-intensive capital structure than a social planner would choose. The privately chosen asset portfolio can be more or less lending-intensive, while the scale of intermediation can also be higher or lower depending on a planner’s preferences between liquidity provision and credit extension. To correct these three distortions, a package of three regulations is warranted.
Research on Fault Diagnosis based on Improved Generative Adversarial Network under Small Samples

—Fault diagnosis based on deep learning has become a research hotspot. However, the classification accuracy may be low if the amount of training data is insufficient. To solve this problem, a new GAN generator is designed in this paper. The original faulty sample is replaced with the unbalanced faulty feature, which is used as the generator input. Instead of taking the data distribution consistency as the loss term, the faulty feature and diagnosis error are added to the training loss function. Bayesian optimization strategy is used to adjust the hyperparameters of the discriminator. The self-attention mechanism is introduced to increase the calculation of long and local correlation. Experiments show that the proposed method maintains high recognition accuracy for small samples.
Digital Repository @ Iowa State University Heat and Moisture Production Rates of a Modern U.S. Swine Breeding, Gestation, and Farrowing Facility

A BSTRACT . Current recommendations for swine building ventilation system design to maintain an environment conducive to animal productivity and well-being are based on heat and moisture production rates measured in the 1950s and 1970s. Advancements in animal genetics, nutrition, and management practices to increase productivity and pork quality since then have led to considerable changes in heat and moisture production rates of modern swine and their housing systems. This study quantifies the total heat production rate (THP) of the animals, which is partitioned into house-level latent heat or moisture production rate (LHP, MP) and house-level sensible heat production rate (SHP), of a 4300-sow breeding, gestation, and farrowing facility in Iowa for 16 consecutive months. The THP was determined using indirect animal calorimetry, LHP or MP was determined from mass balance, and SHP was calculated as the difference between THP and LHP. A mobile air emission monitoring unit equipped with state-of-the-art gas analyzers and a data acquisition system was used to monitor the deep-pit breeding and early gestation barn [1800 head, 204 ± 3.2 kg head -1 (mean ± SE)], the deep-pit late gestation barn (1800 head, 219 ± 3.0 kg head -1 ), and two shallow-pit (pull-plug) farrowing rooms (40 sows with litters per room, 223 ± 0.4 kg head -1 ). Results from the study show that THP at 20°C averages 1.89 W kg -1 for sows in the breeding and early gestation stage, 1.57 W kg -1 for sows in the late gestation stage, and 3.35 W kg -1 for sows and litters in week 0 of the lactation stage. The corresponding house-level LHP for the three stages averages 0.74 W kg -1 (early gestation), 0.57 W kg -1 (late gestation), and 1.98 W kg -1 (lactation, week 0). Finally, the corresponding house-level SHP for the three stages averages 1.15 W kg -1 (early gestation), 1.00 W kg -1 (late gestation), and 1.37 W kg -1 (lactation, week 0). Compared with the ASABE Standards, the values from the current study for gestation sows in their early and late pregnancy stages showed increases of 35% and 12% in THP, 72% and 34% in LHP, and 19% and 3% in SHP, respectively. Values for lactating sows and litters during the first week after parturition showed changes of 29% in THP, 52% in LHP, and 6% in SHP relative to the ASABE Standards. The reductions of THP from day to night for the three stages were 30% (early gestation), 27% (late gestation), and 6% (lactation). These data will help with updating the standards for ventilation design and operation of modern swine housing.
GraphBoost: Adaptive Boosting Node Generation for Class-Imbalanced Graphs

Classification in imbalanced data, where the majority class has a much larger representation than the minority class, has been a significant topic in recent decades. Two popular approaches for handling this issue are (1) rebalancing the sizes of classes through reweighting, resampling, or synthetic nodes generating, and (2) focusing on the data points that are hard to classify to enhance the classifier performance. In graphical data, several methods, such as GraphSMOTE [35], and GraphENS [23], from the first type have been developed recently for class-imbalanced node classification tasks, but few adaptations of the second approach have been proposed. In response to this gap , we present a novel multi-stage boosting framework inspired by the second approach. In particular, the framework proposed in this research paper jointly generates the topological structure and features of synthetic nodes by minimizing the distance of synthetic nodes and misclassified nodes from previous training stages. Our experiments on class-imbalanced graphs show that our novel framework outperforms standard graph neural networks. Furthermore, our framework can be combined with existing methods (such as GraphENS) resulting in further performance enhancements.
Architectural mismatch: why reuse is so hard-IEEE Software

ware productivity may welldepend on ’ tors, and other related products that the software community’s ability to support reuse and open systems have combine existing pieces of software to been developed. produce new applications. The current Yet the systematic construction of build-from-scratch techniques that large-scale software applications from dominate most software production existing parts remains an elusive goal. must eventually give way to techniques Why? Some of the blame can rightfulthat emphasize construction from ly be placed on the lack of pieces to reusable building blocks. If not, softbuild on or the inability to locate the ware designers may hit a production desired pieces when they do exist. ceiling in generating large, high-qualiBut even when the components are ty software applications. in hand, significant problems often The last decade has seen increased remain because the chosen parts do not support for compositional approaches fit well together. In many cases these to software. There is considerable mismatches may be caused by lowresearch and development in reuse; level problems of interoperability, such industry standards like CORBA have as incompatibilities in programming been created for component interaclanguages, operating platforms, or tion; and many domain-specific archidatabase schemas. These are hard
On the Sudden Increase in the Concentration of Aitken Particles in the Antarctic Atmosphere

The concentration and size of Aitken particles were measured by use of an automatic Pollak counter equipped with a diffusion pipe for the two years from February 1977 to January 1979 at Syowa Station (69*00'S, 39*35'E), Antarctica. On the basis of these data, events of sudden increase in the concentration of Aitken particles are investigated. In the investigation are also taken into account the results of other aerosol observations simultaneously carried out, such as measurements of Mie particles (dia.>0.3*m), electronmicroscopic examination of particles, and furnace experiments for volatility measurement of Aitken particles. It is found that there are two types of sudden increase in the concentration of Aitken particles. Type-1 is characterized by a preferential increase of fine particles less than 0.01*m in diameter, the highly volatile nature of increased particles, and a preferential occurrence in the summer months. Type-2, which always accompanies stormy weather, is characterized by an increase of particles in a wide size range, the non-volatile nature of increased particles and a minimum occurrence in the summer months. Both types of the events reported here correspond closely to the events which have been observed only on the Antarctic Ice Cap so far. The event of Type-1, together with the results of electron-microscopic examination of particles, leads us to the tentative conclusion that Antarctica is covered with clouds of Aitken particles composed of photo-chemically produced sulphuric acid during the summer months. A ladder along which the acid particles descend to the ground may be provided by a cold frontal surface. The event of type-2 gives evidence that a cyclone system plays an important role in the transportation of maritime aerosols into the inland of the Antarctic continent. The present results suggest that there are two main components of aerosols over Antarctica and their relative importance varies with the seasons. In the winter season, aerosols of maritime origin transported by cyclone systems are predominant, whereas in the summer season aerosols produced by nucleation of trace gases are predominant.
Non-normality increases variance of gravity waves trapped in a tilted box

ABSTRACT We study the prototype problem of internal gravity waves in a square domain tilted with respect to the gravity vector by an angle θ. Only for and a countable number of other angles regular normal modes exist, for all other angles wave attractors and singularities dominate the flow. We show that the linear operator of the governing PDE becomes non-normal for giving rise to non-modal transient growth. This growth depends on the underlying norm: for the variance norm significant growth rates can be found whereas for the energy norm, no growth is possible since, in contrast to shear flows for which the mean flow feeds the perturbations, there is no energy source. We continue by showing that the non-normality of the system matrix is increasing with θ and reaches a maximum for . Moreover, with increasing tilt angle the growth rate is increasing as can be expected from the increasing non-normality of the matrix. Our results imply that at least the most simple wave attractors can be seen as those initial flow fields that gain most of the variance during a given time period. We conclude that in a closed confinement with walls tilted with respect to gravity, internal wave variance can be maintained by transient growth of perturbations without a direct contribution of unstable normal modes.
Enhancing Food Composition Databases: Predicting Missing Values via Knowledge Graph Embeddings

Food composition databases (FCDBs) have presented an integral part of food and nutritional research, dietary assessment, and re-lated (e.g., health, environmental) fields. However, as with other scientific disciplines, the domain of nutrition and food composition is no exception to the problem of missing data. This can significantly reduce the accuracy and reliability of analyses based on food composition, as it introduces an element of ambiguity and can, therefore, limit their usage. To address this issue, researchers have explored various methods for imputing missing data. The easiest and most common approach to this problem is to calculate the mean or median from available data in the same FCDB or to borrow values from other FCDBs. However, such simple methods may produce notable errors. In this paper, we investigate the use of knowledge graph embedding models for borrowing and imputing missing values in FCDB. We used the ComplEx model from the Ampligraph library and results are very promising. By employing the approach described in our paper, the model can capture the underlying structure and relationships in the data, providing accurate imputations even when there are missing values. Ultimately, the use of the proposed technique could lead to more accurate and reliable analyses in the field of nutritional research and dietary monitoring.
Gain enhancement of truncated conical dielectric ring resonator antenna based on metasurface walls

A physically accomplished truncated conical dielectric ring resonator (DRR) is designed and experimented to validate the performance parameters. The DRR loaded on brass ground plane fed by coaxial probe resonates in three frequencies: 12.5, 19.7, and 23.5 GHz. Among three resonances, the first one is radiating and shows reasonable broadside gain of 4.3 dBi. The higher resonances are nonradiating and offer very low gain. The frequency selective metasurface walls are realized by complementary split Ring resonators and positioned sensitively near the conical DRR. The gain performance at 12.5 GHz has been improved to 18 dBi with ‐10 dB impedance bandwidth of 900 MHz (12.2‐13.1 GHz) by incorporation of lateral frequency selective surface wall with suppression of higher nonradiating modes. The proposed antenna structure has been designed, simulated with the commercially available HFSS software to achieve the optimized dimension and validated with the measurement results.
Spectral–spatial feature extraction using orthogonal linear discriminant analysis for classification of hyperspectral data

ABSTRACT Hyperspectral image classification is among the most frequent topics of research in recent publications. This paper proposes a new supervised linear feature extraction method for classification of hyperspectral images using orthogonal linear discriminant analysis in both spatial and spectral domains. In fact, an orthogonal filter set and a spectral data transformation are designed simultaneously by maximizing the class separability. The important characteristic of the presented approach is that the proposed filter set is supervised and considers the class separability when extracting the features, thus it is more appropriate for feature extraction compared with other filters such as Gabor. In order to compare the proposed method with some existing methods, the extracted spatial–spectral features are fed into a support vector machine classifier. Some experiments on the widely used hyperspectral images, namely Indian Pines, Pavia University, and Salinas data sets, reveal that the proposed approach leads to state-of-the-art performance when compared to other recent approaches.
Where Can I Find out More?

The patterning of the antero-posterior embryo body axis is also directly regulated by retinoic acid, which controls the expression of several HOX genes through RAREs in their regulatory/enhancer regions. Are there any human diseases related to retinoic acid deficiency? Reduction of vitamin A levels in the diet can lead to a debilitating immune system, anemia or blindness. During pregnancy, insufficient levels of vitamin A lead to fetal vitamin A deficiency-induced syndrome. This results in developmental defects exhibiting many common features with those observed in the RAR/RXR mutations in mouse, including cranio-facial and eye abnormalities. Retinoic acid as an anticancer drug…? Acute promyelocytic leukaemia is caused by a chromosomal translocation that fuses the promyelocytic leukaemia gene (PML) on chromosome 15 with the RARα gene on chromosome 17. The PML-RARα fusion protein leads to a recruitment of co-repressor complexes that epigenetically silence gene expression. Differentiation therapy with retinoic acid is being used in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia, resulting in a 70-80% cure rate. (2007). RAR and RXR modulation in cancer and metabolic disease. (2006). Function of retinoid nuclear receptors: lessons from genetic and pharmacological dissections of the retinoic acid signaling pathway during mouse embryogenesis. Annu. 'Japanese waltzing' mice, were well known during this period as popular curiosities available from pet dealers. Arthur D. Darbishire at Oxford University [4] performed an early experiment to test for Mendelian inheritance of waltzing behavior. He observed that waltzing was recessive, but concluded from the failure to match the expected 3:1 ratio in the F2 (97 waltzers to 458 non-waltzers) that its inheritance did not support a Mendelian model. This is an early case of being misled by pleiotropic effects of a mutation: he failed to consider the possibility of reduced viability of the homozygotes, a common feature of neurological mutants. (Nine years later, when Alfred Sturtevant hit upon the idea of recombination between mutations as indicative of a linear arrangement of genes on the chromosome, he was unperturbed by his much more significant deviation from an expected Mendelian ratio; he was already sold on the idea of Mendelian traits.) Work on putative single-gene variants in humans was pioneered by Charles B. Davenport at Cold Spring Harbor [5]. These studies suffered, however, from Davenport's propensity to see Mendelian inheritance in every trait he looked at, from Huntington's Disease (which he correctly pegged as an autosomal dominant), to feeble-mindedness (which …
Where Can I Find out More?

Is it wrong if I use the word race? Under freedom of speech, anybody is free to use any words. Even if they do not correspond to scientifically identifiable entities, races are a component of our psychological and social world (Figure 1), and as such their importance should not be dismissed. But mutual understanding requires some agreement between speakers and receivers, and so it is better to avoid terms of ambiguous or unclear meaning, especially in science. The first Korean genome sequence and analysis: full genome sequencing for a socio-ethnic group. The global pattern of gene identity variation reveals a history of long-range migrations, bottlenecks, and local mate exchange: implications for biological race. Am. analysis of the interethnic difference between Chinese and Caucasians in the polymorphic metabolism of debrisoquine and codeine. Eur. S. (2001). Great ape DNA sequences reveal a reduced diversity and an expansion in humans. from different ones (in homothallic and heterothallic species). These divisions eventually give rise to the ascus, the sexual spore-forming structure, in which the two nuclei in each cell fuse to form a diploid cell that undergoes meiosis and produces haploid ascospores. Although most Aspergillus species lack a known sexual stage, its recent discovery in a few species, coupled with the presence of intact mating and meiosis-related genes in several additional ones, suggest that many asexual species have cryptic sexual stages yet to be discovered. What have we discovered from studying Aspergillus in the lab? Research on Aspergillus has greatly contributed to our understanding of eukaryotic primary and secondary (or specialized) metabolism, the control of gene regulation by external environmental factors, the cell cycle, and fungal asexual and sexual development. The birth of Aspergillus as a model system dates back to Guido Pontecorvo's pioneering genetic work in the early 1950s on the nature of the gene, whose experiments laid the foundation of the concept of the gene as a unit of function rather than as one of mutation or recombination. One of the most beautiful recent examples of the importance and great value of Aspergillus concerns the identification of the genetic basis of the gene responsible for the human metabolic disease alkaptonuria — one of Garrod's classic " inborn errors of metabolism " — which results from Aspergillus Antonis Rokas What is Aspergillus? Aspergillus is a widely distributed genus of more than 250 species of largely saprophytic filamentous fungi belonging to the phylum Ascomycota. …
Vers un modèle non-hamiltonien de l'oscillateur harmonique

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Work of Louis Nirenberg YanYan Li

Louis Nirenberg is one of the most outstanding analysts of the twentieth century. For more than half a century, he has been a world leader in partial differential equations – a master of inequalities and regularity theory – with fundamental contribution in geometry, complex analysis, and fluid dynamics. Nirenberg is a household name in these fields. In addition to the depth and its basic importance, his work also has enormous influence on others. In each of the last 10 years, top 15 cited papers in mathematics include at least 2 of Nirenbergs, according to the MathSciNet. Working with others has been an essential part of Nirenbergs research — more than 90% of his research are joint works.
Exploring Digital Evidence with Graph Theory

The analysis phase of the digital forensic process is the most complex. This phase grows more complicated as the size and ubiquity of digital devices increase. There are many tools aimed at assisting the investigator in the analysis process; however, they do not address growing challenges. In this paper, we discuss the application of graph theory, a study of related mathematical structures, to aid in the investigation process of digital forensic examiners. Graph theory is used to study the pairwise relations between objects. We explore how graph theory can be used as a basis for further analysis. We demonstrate the potential of the application of graph theory through its implementation in a case study.
A structured SVD like decomposition

We present in this paper a method that compute a symplectic SVD-like decomposition for a 2n-by-m rectangular real matrix. This decomposition focus mainly on numerical solution of some linear-quadratic optimal control theory and signal processing problems. In particular the resolution of gyroscopic and linear Hamiltonian systems. Our approach here is based on symplectic reflectors defined on R2n×2. We also give an ortho-symplectic SVD-like decomposition of a 2n-by-2n symplectic real matrix. Key–Words: SVD, Schur Form, Hamiltonian, Skew-Symmetric, Skew-Hamiltonian and Symplectic Matrices, Symplectic Reflector.
Optimal Parameters for Error-Diffusion Halftoning with Bilateral Filter

We propose a procedure for determining the parameters in the bilateral filter (BF) used for the error-diffusion halftoning where pixels are scanned in the ascending order of errors. In this halftoning, binarization errors produced at each pixel are diffused using the BF which contains two parameters, one of which is a spatial coefficient and another is for the signal intensity. The optimal values of these two parameters are determined by maximizing the PSNR of an output binary images against their input images. It is shown by experiments that the optimal value of the signal coefficient is slightly negative in contrast to popular usage of BF where the signal coefficient is usually set to a positive value.
Linear Logic & Polynomial Time

Light and Elementary Linear Logic, the cornerstones at the interface between logic and implicit computational complexity, were originally introduced by Girard as “stand-alone” logical systems with a (somewhat awkward) sequent calculus of their own. The latter has later been reformulated by Danos and Joinet as a proper subsystem of linear logic, whose proofs satisfy a certain structural condition. We extend this approach to polytime computation, finding two solutions: the first one, obtained by a simple extension of DanosJ the second one, which needs more complex conditions, exactly corresponds to Girard’s Light Linear Logic.