Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
By-catch of franciscana Pontoporia blainvillei in Uruguayan artisanal gillnet fisheries: an evaluation after a twelve-year gap in data collection

The franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) is the most threatened small cetacean in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Its incidental capture in the Uruguayan fisheries of the Atlantic oceanic coast (AOC) has been recorded since 1940 and was systematically studied from 1974 to 1994, providing the most recent by-catch per unit of effort estimate (BPUE) for the AOC region (0.0064 franciscanas per 1000m net per fishing set). The lack of new by-catch data during the past 12 years has led to a data gap in by-catch estimates for the species in Uruguay. The current study was developed in two separate stages, a first stage (July 2004 - December 2005) designed to identify fisheries that interact with franciscana, and a second stage (2006), designed to determine new BPUE and franciscana mortality estimates for the selected fisheries. During the first stage, 13 artisanal fisheries of the Uruguayan coast were visited monthly, while in the second stage five fisheries (including the Rio de la Plata estuary and the AOC) were selected for monitoring. During 2006, 26 fishermen recorded all the information related to each fishing event, allowing the estimation of fishing effort calculated in linear units multiplied by hour (FE L ). We also estimated a fishing set (FE S ) based by-catch rate which allowed the comparison with previously reported results. For 2006, the BPUE L (based on FE L ) was estimated at 0.0020 franciscanas per 1000m net per hour and the BPUE S at 0.0286 franciscanas per 1000m net per fishing set. The BPUE L was extrapolated to the surveyed fishing fleets during 2006, resulting in a mortality estimate of 289 (95% CI: 266-350) franciscanas. Based on the fishing dynamics reported herein, we consider the BPUE L the most accurate estimate of by-catch for the Uruguayan coast. This research updates the values of BPUE in the AOC after a 12-year information gap and includes the first by-catch evaluation in the Uruguayan estuarine coast. We highly recommend an abundance estimation of the species to complement the information reported herein in order to know the current status of franciscana dolphin population in Uruguay.
DROWSINESS DETECTION BASED ON EYE SHAPE MEASUREMENT

Drowsiness of drivers is one of the main causes of road accidents. Thus countermeasure systems is required to prevent sleepiness related accidents. In this paper, a method for detecting driver’s drowsiness and subsequently alerting is proposed based on eye shape measurement. The Local Successive Mean Quantization Transform (SMQT) features and split up snow classifier algorithm is used detect driver’s face and shape measurement algorithm is used to find the eye blink. Different criterions such as duration of eyelid closure, number of groups of continuous blinks and frequency of eye blink are used to find drowsiness of the driver. Experimental results show that this new algorithm achieves a satisfied performance for drowsiness detection
High zooplankton diversity in the extreme environments of the McMurdo Dry Valley lakes, Antarctica

Abstract The McMurdo Dry Valley lakes of Antarctica constitute some of the harshest and most isolated freshwater environments on Earth which might be expected to limit the biogeographical expansion of many organisms. Despite this, we found that the biodiversity of rotifer zooplankton is the highest ever recorded on the Antarctic mainland. We identified in total nine rotifer taxa, of which six are new to the Antarctic continent, in Lake Hoare, and also the first sub-adult crustacean copepod belonging to the genus Boeckella. A possible explanation for the high biodiversity is that many of the recorded species have arrived in the region in relatively recent times and then established invasive populations, suggesting that their distribution pattern was previously limited only by biogeographical borders. Interestingly, we show that the cosmopolitan rotifer taxa identified are relatively abundant, suggesting that they have established viable populations. Hence, our study suggests that the biogeographical maps have to be redrawn for several species.
TYRANNOSAURUS REX FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS (MAASTRICHTIAN) NORTH HORN FORMATION OF UTAH: BIOGEOGRAPHIC AND PALEOECOLOGIC IMPLICATIONS

The discovery of a Tyrannosaurus rex specimen from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) North Horn Formation provides the first documented occurrence of this theropod dinosaur from an upland, intermontane basin, as well as the first example from Utah. The partial skeleton further represents the only conclusive co-occurrence of this giant carnivore with a sauropod, Alamosaurus sanjuanensis. Integration of this find with biogeographic and paleoecological data derived from other specimens indicates that T. rex was a top carnivore-and likely the only large-bodied (>1 ton) theropod-throughout most of the Western Interior of North America during the latest Maastrichtian, spanning habitats from wet lowland coastal plain environments to cooler, alluvial plain settings and semi-arid, upland intermontane basins. The apparently more restricted distributions of coeval dinosaurian herbivores suggest that T. rex exploited multiple prey species. Thus, the current evidence supports the notion that Tyrannosaurus was an ecological generalist, at least in the sense that it possessed an extensive species range that spanned a broad geographic area within the Western Interior of North America, encompassing diverse habitats and a range of prey species. The Late Cretaceous North Horn Formation in central Utah consists
Performance Enhancement to Improve Accuracy for the Novel CNN GoogleNet Compared AAgainst ResNet in Predicting Cyber Hacking Breaches

The aim of this research is to predict cyber hacking breaches by using the two machine learning algorithms Novel CNN Google Net and ResNet algorithms. Materials and Methods: Novel CNN Google Net and ResNet are used in this work to predict the cyber hacking breaches with varying training and testing splits. There are 2030 cyber hacking breach images collected for this research study from an open source Kaggle web resource. The datasets were split into two train dataset and test dataset. The train data set consists of 1624 images and test data consists of 406 data set images. The information has been gathered from various web resources. The G-Power test utilized approximately 80% of the G-Power setting parameters with $\boldsymbol{\alpha}=\mathbf{0.05}$ and power=0.80. The experiment study was iterated twenty times using the above said models. Result and discussion: This research paper found the Novel CNN Google Net 93.40% has the increased accuracy over ResNet 92.05%. The Independent Sample T-test showed statistical significance at the 95% confidence interval with a p-value of 0.001 $(\mathbf{p} < \mathbf{0.05})$. This indicates a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: Machine learning algorithms are used in the study paper. both. Novel CNN GoogleNet and the ResNet algorithm. Accuracy comparison of GoogleNet compared over ResNet in predicting cyber hacking breaches in the early stage.
Study on Insulation Diagnosis Method for Transformer Based on Transmission Characteristics Under Nanosecond Pulse

Based on the nanosecond pulse impact test of a real-type transformer, the variation law of the transformer's transient transfer characteristics was obtained. By analyzing the differences of the transfer characteristics in a specific frequency band under different accumulated pulse numbers, an insulation assessment function of the transformer under the cumulative effect of nanosecond pulses was constructed based on the transfer characteristics. The research results show that the current transfer characteristics reflect the cumulative deterioration degree of the transformer insulation most sensitively, and the transfer ratio constantly decreases with the increase of the accumulated pulse number. Through fitting, the insulation assessment function of the transformer under the nanosecond pulse effect can be obtained. Finally, the accuracy and effectiveness of the method were verified by conducting five different accumulated impact tests on a distribution transformer of the same type.
PREFERENTIAL FLOW EFFECTS ON SUBSURFACECONTAMINANT TRANSPORT IN ALLUVIAL FLOODPLAINS

For sorbing contaminants, transport from upland areas to surface water systems is typically considered to be due to surface runoff, with negligible input from subsurface transport assumed. However, certain conditions can lead to an environment where subsurface transport to streams may be significant. The Ozark region, including parts of Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Missouri, is one such environment, characterized by cherty, gravelly soils and gravel bed streams. Previous research identified a preferential flow path (PFP) at an Ozark floodplain along the Barren Fork Creek in northeastern Oklahoma and demonstrated that even a sorbing contaminant, i.e., phosphorus, can be transported in significant quantities through the subsurface. The objective of this research was to investigate the connectivity and floodplain-scale impact of subsurface physical heterogeneity (i.e., PFPs) on contaminant transport in alluvial floodplains in the Ozarks. This research also evaluated a hypothesis that alluvial groundwater acts as a transient storage zone, providing a contaminant sink during high stream flow and a contaminant source during stream baseflow. The floodplain and PFP were mapped with two electrical resistivity imaging techniques. Low-resistivity features (i.e., less than 200 O-m) corresponded to topographical depressions on the floodplain surface, which were hypothesized to be relict stream channels with fine sediment (i.e., sand, silt, and clay) and gravel deposits. The mapped PFP, approximately 2 m in depth and 5 to 10 m wide, was a buried gravel bar with electrical resistivity in the range of 1000 to 5000 O-m. To investigate the PFP, stream, and groundwater dynamics, a constant-head trench test was installed with a conservative tracer (Rhodamine WT) injected into the PFP at approximately 85 mg/L for 1.5 h. Observation wells were installed along the PFP and throughout the floodplain. Water table elevations were recorded real-time using water level loggers, and water samples were collected throughout the experiment. Results of the experiment demonstrated that stream/aquifer interaction was spatially non-uniform due to floodplain-scale heterogeneity. Transport mechanisms included preferential movement of Rhodamine WT along the PFP, infiltration of Rhodamine WT into the alluvial groundwater system, and then transport in the alluvial system as influenced by the floodplain-scale stream/aquifer dynamics. The electrical resistivity data assisted in predicting the movement of the tracer in the direction of the mapped preferential flow pathway. Spatially variable PFPs, even in the coarse gravel subsoils, affected water level gradients and the distribution of tracer into the shallow groundwater system.
Nutrients in organic farming - Are there advantages from the exclusive use of organic manures and untreated minerals

Nutrient additions on organic farms are designed to maintain soil fertility, but not to directly feed plants. Hence, nutrients are applied in organic or low solubility inorganic forms in the belief that plants will obtain balanced nutrition through the actions of soil microbes. This review examines the implications of organic farming fertiliser practices for the sustainability of farming systems using two contrasting regions, Europe and Australia. In both these regions, mean yields are generally 20-45% lower on organic farms than conventional farms primarily due to reduced levels of plant available nutrients. Changes in the soil biological community do not overcome this limitation. Nutrient inputs are lower on organic farms, although in Europe there is a tendency on organic farms for increased application of purchased, approved, nutrient sources other than fodder. However, these inputs simply allow organic farms to gain nutrients that originated from conventional farms. If organic farming were to be widely adopted, lower yields would require more land (25-82%) to sustain production. In Europe, organic practices increase nitrate leaching, both per unit area and per unit of food produced, due to lower N use efficiency. Despite their aim of maximizing nutrient recycling, organic farming systems recycle only on-farm wastes and approved food wastes, with most municipal wastes excluded due to concerns about pollutants. In future, easily soluble inorganic fertilizers will be extracted from organic wastes through new nutrient recovery technologies and this will make conventional agriculture more sustainable whereas organic farming excludes itself from non-farm recycling, no matter how environmentally clean and safe the new fertilizer products are. In conclusion, the current promotion of organic principles irrespective of environmental outcomes means organic farming has become an aim in itself. This approach is ideological, not scientific, and may exclude other more effective solutions to the environmental problems afflicting current agricultural systems.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN EMAT IN-LINE INSPECTION SYSTEM FOR DETECTION, DISCRIMINATION, AND GRADING OF STRESS CORROSION CRACKING IN PIPELINES

This report describes progress, experiments, and results for a project to develop a pipeline inline inspection tool that uses electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) to detect and grade stress corrosion cracking (SCC). There is a brief introduction that gives background material about EMATs and relevant previous Tuboscope work toward a tool. This work left various choices about the modes and transducers for this project. The experimental section then describes the lab systems, improvements to these systems, and setups and techniques to narrow the choices. Improvements, which involved transducer matching networks, better magnetic biasing, and lower noise electronics, led to improved signal to noise (SNR) levels. The setups permitted transducer characterizations and interaction measurements in plates with man-made cracks, pipeline sections with SCC, and a full pipe with SCC. The latter were done with a moveable and compact EMAT setup, called a lab mouse, which is detailed. Next, the results section justifies the mode and transducer choices. These were for magnetostrictive EMATs and the use of EMAT launched modes: SH0 (at 2.1 MHz-mm) and SV1 (at 3.9 MHz-mm). This section then gives details of measurements on these modes. The measurements consisted of signal to noise ratio, insertion loss, magnetic biasing sensitivities crackmore » reflection and transmission coefficients, beam width, standoff and tilt sensitivities. For most of the measurements the section presents analysis curves, such as reflection coefficient versus crack depth. Some notable results for the chosen modes are: that acceptable SNRs were generated in a pipe with magnetostrictive EMATs, that optimum bias for magnetostrictive transmitters and receivers is magnetic saturation, that crack reflection and transmission coefficients from crack interactions agree with 2 D simulations and seem workable for crack grading, and that the mouse has good waveform quality and so is ready for exhaustive measurement EMAT scans of SCC interactions. This section also reviews further coil optimization and implementation requirements. These involve transmitter and receiver power, acquisition parameters, and magnetic configuration. At this time all these seem reasonable for an ILI tool. « less
Network Synchronization with Active Leader Using MPC-MHE

This work presents a synchronization problem in a multiagent discrete system with an active leader solved through Model Predictive Control. Hence, a state estimation problem arises when only some of the agent’s states are measurable, and we use the framework of Moving Horizon Estimation to formulate it. Since control and estimation problems are optimization-based, we introduce a method that solves both problems. This method proposes an algorithm based on the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM), where each agent only uses local information from its neighborhood. Finally, a numerical example shows the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Carnivorous Saurischia in Europe Since the Triassic

Introduction In the Jurassic and Cretaceous of England, and France particularly, but also in several other countries, many skeletons, and principally fragments of such, have been found, only a few of which have hitherto been described and named. Many of these remains have been referred to in the literature as Megalosaurus bucklandi. At present without special studies it is scarcely possible to ascertain what is meant by this term. Therefore I think it may be desirable to publish my studies on all of these forms, made in recent years in many museums of England, France and other parts of Europe, and in America, together with what is known from the literature. Two years ago in another place (“Williston Memorial Volume,” not yet published) I assembled and enumerated all these specimens. I found ninety-seven in Europe and fifteen in other parts of the world except North America, but not all of .
Analysis of QAM Constellations with Binary Signal Representation

In this paper we propose to use a new method of digital modulated signal representation for the analysis of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellations based on an analytical description in the form of function of binary symbols (bits). It is shown that this method of signal representation makes it possible to observe the interaction between bits. It can be used to discover some patterns for further generation of constellations and also to generate new higher order constellations with the same properties.Analysis of well-known constellations for communication systems with coded modulation with bits interleaving BICM (Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation) using proposed method illustrates the possibilities of the described approach.Here it is shown that for the case of rectangular QAM constellations the description of the signal as a function of binary symbols provides to represent the process of constellation generation in the form of a combination of block non-redundant (primitive) coding with Gray constellation mapping and DAC (digital-to-analog conversion). The described signal representation allows us to solve the task of QAM constellation optimization, finding the optimal block non-redundant code for independent multidimensional binary channel.The simulation shows that even the proposed combination of a simple primitive block code with Gray’s constellation mapping allows to obtain an energy gain about 1–1.5 dB compared to the usual square QAM constellation with Gray’s code and about 0.5–1.25 dB in comparison with known constellations optimized for use in systems with BICM.
Genesis of the mississippi valley-type Zn-Pb deposit of San Vicente, central Peru; geologic and isotopic (Sr, O, C, S, Pb) evidence

The San Vicente Zn-Pb ore deposit is situated 300 km east of Lima in central Peru, within the Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic carbonate platform (Pucara Group) at the western margin of the Brazilian Shield. Production during the last 20 years and present reserves exceed 12 million tons of ore assaying about 12 percent Zn and 1 percent Pb. Sphalerite and galena, the only ore minerals, occur as lens-shaped bodies generally parallel to the bedding. Within the 1,400-m-thick Pucara sequence three ore-bearing dolomite units occur. The ore lenses are bound to dolomitized tidal flat and lagoon facies with cryptalgal lamination and evaporite molds and to adjacent oolithic grainstones of barrier facies.Strontium, carbon, oxygen, and sulfur isotope geochemistry was carried out on consecutive crystallization generations. The results obtained display systematic trends. The 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios range between 0.7077 and 0.7084. The first generations display values very similar to those of Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic ocean water. Later generations are slightly enriched in radiogenic strontium. The degree of enrichment in radiogenic strontium is low compared to other Mississippi Valley-type deposits. The delta 18 O values range between -6 and -10 per mil PDB, and the delta 13 C values between +2 and -1 per mil PDB. The late crystallization generations are enriched in the light isotopes of oxygen and carbon compared to the first generations. The sulfur isotope ratios of sphalerite are relatively homogeneous, ranging between 9.9 and 13.0 per mil. A trend to lighter sulfur isotope ratios with advancing diagenetic stage can also be recognized.The San Vicente lead-zinc deposit formed during burial diagenesis. The temperatures indicated by sulfur isotope geothermometry (75 degrees -92 degrees C) would be consistent with temperatures reached at a burial depth of about 2 to 3 km. This might have been reached by the end of the Jurassic. A model based on abiogenic reduction of sulfates at or near the ore site, and the introduction of a zinc- and lead-bearing basinal brine characterized by strontium isotope ratios slightly higher than contemporaneous seawater and highly radiogenic lead, is favored. The association of the orebodies with peritidal facies with abundant sulfate molds is important evidence favoring the existence of two separate reservoirs for sulfur and metals. Leaching of detrital material derived from Precambrian upper crust from the Brazilian Shield would explain both strontium and lead isotope ratios.
On the Improvement of Positioning in LTE with Collaboration and Pressure Sensors

The ability to find the location of a mobile user has become of utmost importance. The demands of first responders necessitates the ability to accurately identify the location of an individual who is calling for help. Their response times are directly influenced by the ability to locate the caller. Thus, applications such as Enhanced 911 and other locationbased services warrant the ability to quickly and accurately calculate location. The FCC has also put in place a timeline for indoor location accuracy requirements that must be met by the mobile communications service providers. In order to meet these requirements, there are many means of performing indoor geolocation that require research; in this thesis two specific methods of identifying the location of a user will be investigated. In the first part, the indoor localization of a target, whose exact location is unknown, in a LTE network is studied. In this problem the time difference of arrival of the LTE uplink signals sent from the target to an observer are used as the means to estimate the target position. The two-dimensional location of a user is then estimated through the use of a nonlinear least-squares algorithm. To improve this approach, a cooperative localization technique in uplink LTE is proposed in which the User Equipment (UE) communicates with base stations as well as other handsets. Through simulated results it is shown that utilizing collaboration can improve location estimation and outperform non-collaborative localization. In the second part, the indoor localization of a target, focusing on its third dimension or elevation, is studied through the use of barometric pressure sensors in mobile handsets. Finding the third dimension of location, or the correct height above the ground level which equates to the floor in a building that a UE is on, cannot be performed with two-dimensional measurement models. For this problem, the pressure sensors are used to accurately find an immediate pressure measurement and allow for the altitude of a handset to be calculated. This altitude can be translated into an estimation for a specific floor of a building given the use of a ground floor pressure reference. Through simulation results it is then shown that the accuracy of third dimension or indoor-floor localization can be improved with the use of collaborative pressure sensors of other mobile handsets.