Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single Nucleus Transcriptome Data from Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models Yield New Insight into Pathophysiology.

BACKGROUND 5XFAD humanized mutant mice and Trem2 knockout (T2KO) mice are two mouse models relevant to the study of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related pathology. OBJECTIVE To determine hippocampal transcriptomic and polyadenylation site usage alterations caused by genetic mutations engineered in 5XFAD and T2KO mice. METHODS Employing a publicly available single-nucleus RNA sequencing dataset, we used Seurat and Sierra analytic programs to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differential transcript usage (DTU), respectively, in hippocampal cell types from each of the two mouse models. We analyzed cell type-specific DEGs further using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). RESULTS We identified several DEGs in both neuronal and glial cell subtypes in comparisons of wild type (WT) versus 5XFAD and WT versus T2KO mice, including Ttr, Fth1, Pcsk1n, Malat1, Rpl37, Rtn1, Sepw1, Uba52, Mbp, Arl6ip5, Gm26917, Vwa1, and Pgrmc1. We also observed DTU in common between the two comparisons in neuronal and glial subtypes, specifically in the genes Prnp, Rbm4b, Pnisr, Opcml, Cpne7, Adgrb1, Gabarapl2, Ubb, Ndfip1, Car11, and Stmn4. IPA identified 3 statistically significant canonical pathways that appeared in multiple cell types and that overlapped between 5XFAD and T2KO comparisons to WT, including 'FXR/RXR Activation', 'LXR/RXR Activation', and 'Acute Phase Response Signaling'. CONCLUSION DEG, DTU, and IPA findings, derived from two different mouse models of AD, highlight the importance of energy imbalance and inflammatory processes in specific hippocampal cell types, including subtypes of neurons and glial cells, in the development of AD-related pathology. Additional studies are needed to further characterize these findings.
On the AdS/QCD estimates of the scalar glueball mass

We review standard holographic derivations of the scalar glueball spectra and emphasize computational assumptions which rely strongly on the original AdS/CFT correspondence, and those which are more arbitrary. In the soft-wall model, we show explicitly that the dual of the spectral mass constraint in the Kallen-Lehmann representation of the 2-point scalar gluonic correlator is an eigenvalue constraint on the motion equation of the bulk field corresponding this correlator.
QUANTUM INFORMATION, THERMOFIELD DYNAMICS AND THERMALIZED BOSONIC OSCILLATOR

We show through Thermofield Dynamics approach that the action of the thermalized quantum logic gate on the thermalized state is equivalent to thermalization of the state that arise from the application of the nonthermalized quantum logic gate. In particular, we study the effect of temperature on a mixed state associated to a system capable of implementing a controlled-NOT (CNOT) quantum logic gate. According to a proposal in the literature, a way of implementing such a logic gate is by using a representation of the qubit states as elements of the Fock space of a bosonic system. We consider such a proposal and use the Thermofield Dynamics to determine the thermalized qubit states. The temperature acts as a quantum noise on pure states, making them a statistical mixture. In this context, we analyze the fidelity as a function of the temperature and using the Mandel parameter, we determine temperature ranges for which the statistics of the system becomes subpoissonian, poissonian and superpoissonian. Finally,.
Preparation and characterization of a biodegradable film from cactus Nopalea sp.

The increasing use of natural biodegradable polymers is a consequence of the concern of society with sustainability. Mucilage of forage cactus of the genus Nopalea is an attractive polymer matrix for the composition of edible films. Most studies on biodegradable films are carried out with the genus Opuntia. This makes Nopalea an important source of interest in the investigation of film formation. The objective was to study the formulation of films and evaluation of physical, optical, and mechanical characteristics of clones of Nopalea and Opuntia, through the addition of water and glycerol. The mucilage was extracted from cladodes of Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck: clones IPA Sertânia (IPA) and Miúda (MIU); and, from Opuntia stricta [Haw. ] Haw. , clone Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM). The powdered mucilage was hydrated and vacuum filtered, followed by the formulation of the films, without glycerol (just water) and with the addition of glycerol at 15%, 25%, and 14% for IPA, MIU, and OEM clones, respectively. The yield of powdered mucilage was higher for Nopalea. Optical tests with the films revealed that the addition of glycerol generated slightly yellow films (positive b* values), with less transparency than the control films, regardless of the clone and higher L* value in IPA clone films. Moisture content and thickness were increased when glycerol was added. All films, with and without glycerol, showed high water solubility. The microstructure revealed that the films with glycerol presented more compact, smooth, and linear surfaces, forming a homogeneous network. The FTIR spectra revealed that the glycerol films showed the same profile as the control samples, but with higher absorption intensities in some bands. The results found in the present work evidence the potential of the genus Nopalea to produce biodegradable films, as already widely known for the genus Opuntia.
Inhibition of MAD2L1 Mediates Pulmonary Fibrosis through Impairment of Mitochondrial Function and Induction of Cell Senescence

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, irreversible, and progressive interstitial lung disease characterized by recurrent alveolar epithelial cell injury, fibroblast hyperproliferation, and cumulative deposition of extracellular matrix leading to alveolar destruction in the lungs. Mitotic arrest deficient 2 like 1 (MAD2L1) is a component of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint that prevents the onset of anaphase until all chromosomes are properly aligned at metaphase and is a potential therapeutic target in cancers. However, the role of MAD2L1 in pulmonary fibrosis has not been explored. We analyzed the expression of MAD2L1 in lung tissues from control subjects, IPF patients, and mice with bleomycin-induced fibrosis via IHC, qRT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. We examined the roles of MAD2L1 in ROS production, mitochondrial function, cell senescence, and the establishment of a profibrotic microenvironment. We found that MAD2L1 was highly upregulated in alveolar epithelial cells in fibrotic lung tissues from both patients with IPF and mice with bleomycin-induced fibrosis. Loss of MAD2L1 expression or activity led to decreases of cell viability and proliferation in A549 cells. Subsequent mechanistic investigation demonstrated that inhibition of MAD2L1 damaged mitochondria, which led to augmented ROS production and cellular senescence, and thus promoted the establishment of a profibrotic microenvironment. Taken together, these results reveal that alleviation of alveolar epithelial cell mitochondrial damage arising from augmentation of MAD2L1 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for mitigating pulmonary fibrosis.
Error Assessment in Modeling with Fractal Brownian Motions

To model a given time series F(t) with fractal Brownian motions (fBms), it is necessary to have appropriate error assessment for related quantities. Usually the fractal dimension D is derived from the Hurst exponent H via the relation D = 2-H, and the Hurst exponent can be evaluated by analyzing the dependence of the rescaled range 〈|F(t + τ) - F(t)|〉 on the time span τ. For fBms, the error of the rescaled range not only depends on data sampling but also varies with H due to the presence of long term memory. This error for a given time series then can not be assessed without knowing the fractal dimension. We carry out extensive numerical simulations to explore the error of rescaled range of fBms and find that for 0 < H < 0.5, |F(t + τ) - F(t)| can be treated as independent for time spans without overlap; for 0.5 < H < 1, the long term memory makes |F(t + τ) - F(t)| correlated and an approximate method is given to evaluate the error of 〈|F(t + τ) - F(t)|〉. The error and fractal dimension can then be determined self-consistently in the modeling of a time series with fBms.
Passive interferometric symmetries of multimode Gaussian pure states

As large-scale multimode Gaussian states begin to become accessible in the laboratory, their representation and analysis become a useful topic of research in their own right. The graphical calculus for Gaussian pure states provides powerful tools for their representation, while this work presents a useful tool for their analysis: passive interferometric (i.e., number-conserving) symmetries. Here we show that these symmetries of multimode Gaussian states simplify calculations in measurement-based quantum computing and provide constructive tools for engineering large-scale harmonic systems with specific physical properties, and we provide a general mathematical framework for deriving them. Such symmetries are generated by linear combinations of operators expressed in the Schwinger representation of U(2), called nullifiers because the Gaussian state in question is a zero eigenstate of them. This general framework is shown to have applications in the noise analysis of continuous-various cluster states and is expected to have additional applications in future work with large-scale multimode Gaussian states.
The radial metallicity gradient and the history of elemental enrichment in M81 through emission-line probes

Aims. We present a new set of weak-line abundances of HII regions in M81, which are based on Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) observations. The aim is to derive plasma and abundance analysis for a sizable set of emission-line targets to study the galactic chemical contents in the framework of galactic metallicity gradients. Methods. We used the weak-line abundance approach by deriving electron density and temperatures for several HII regions in M81. Our gradient analysis is based on oxygen abundances. Results. Together with a set of HII region abundances determined similarly by us with Multi-Mirror Telescope (MMT) spectra, the new data yield a radial oxygen gradient of −0.088 ± 0.013 dex kpc −1 , which is steeper than the metallicity gradient obtained for planetary nebulae (−0.044 ± 0.007 dexkpc −1 ). This result could be interpreted as gradient evolution with time: Models of galactic evolution with inside-out disk formation associated to pre-enriched gas infall would produce such a difference in gradients, although stellar migration effects would also induce a difference in the metallicity gradients between the old and young populations. Conclusions. By comparing the M81 metallicity gradients with those of other spiral galaxies, which were all consistently derived from weak-line analysis, we can infer that a similar gradient difference is common among spirals. The metallicity gradient slopes for HII regions and PNe seem to be steeper in M81 than in other galactic disks, which is probably because M81 belongs to a galaxy group. We also found that M81 has experienced an average oxygen enrichment of 0.14 ± 0.08 dex in the spatial domain defined by the observations. Our data are compatible with a break in the radial oxygen gradient slope around R25 as inferred by other authors both in M81 and in other galaxies.
Minimal stretch maps between hyperbolic surfaces

This paper develops a theory of Lipschitz comparisons of hyperbolic surfaces analogous to the theory of quasi-conformal comparisons. Extremal Lipschitz maps (minimal stretch maps) and geodesics for the `Lipschitz metric' are constructed. The extremal Lipschitz constant equals the maximum ratio of lengths of measured laminations, which is attained with probability one on a simple closed curve. Cataclysms are introduced, generalizing earthquakes by permitting more violent shearing in both directions along a fault. Cataclysms provide useful coordinates for Teichmuller space that are convenient for computing derivatives of geometric function in Teichmuller space and measured lamination space.
Employee Participation in Total Productive Maintenance - a Bottom-Up Perspective

Purpose - This study emphasises the importance of employee participation in total productive maintenance and identifies the key factors influencing employee participation. The Motivation-Opportunity-Ability (MOA) framework is adopted to identify and categorise key factors. Design/methodology/approach – An embedded case study with a power plant service provider in England was conducted with a variety of research methods, e.g. interviews and questionnaire surveys, to gain a wide range of data. Findings – Following the MOA framework, this study shows various key aspects of employees’ motivation, opportunity and ability when participating in total productive maintenance. It also compares first-line machine operators and maintenance specialists in terms of the drivers and barriers to total productive maintenance for them, and reveals that they need different mechanical skills in order to participate in total productive maintenance. Originality/value - The study extends the applications of the MOA framework to total productive maintenance initiatives and provides managers with guidance on how to correctly consider and prioritise
Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using Caulerpa racemosa and evaluation of its antibacterial and cytotoxic activity against human lung cancer cell line

Abstract The present study reports the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using ‘sea grapes’ (Macroalgae) of Caulerpa racemosa extract in a simple, fast and environmentally friendly biogenic method. The formation of spherical, stable, polycrystalline nanoparticles with an average size of 18–45 nm was demonstrated by UV–vis spectroscopy, SEM, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements. Furthermore, FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of phytochemical constituents in the form of functional groups involved in AuNPs synthesis. Antimicrobial activities confirmed that Gram-negative bacteria, here represented by Escherichia coli, were found to be more sensitive to synthesized AuNPs than Gram-positive bacteria, represented by Staphylococcus aureus. The synthesized nanoparticles also showed cytotoxicity against human lung cancer cells (H460) with an IC50 value of 25 µg/mL. Furthermore, our findings show that AuNPs derived from C. racemosa extract are able to induce apoptosis activation via extrinsic and intrinsic pathways and mitochondrial pathways. These findings lay the groundwork for future research against emerging multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens, as well as lung cancer treatment.
The long-lived stau as a thermal relic

We consider physics beyond the Standard Model in which a long-lived electromagnetically charged massive particle species (CHAMP) appears. We discuss the unique sensitivity the early Universe exhibits on the mere presence and on the decay of such a particle. A CHAMP can be realized in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model. We carry out a detailed study of gravitino dark matter scenarios in which the lighter stau is the lightest Standard Model superpartner and thus the CHAMP. Particularly stringent constraints on the gravitino-stau scenario arise from the thermal catalysis of primordial nucleosynthesis reactions. This motivates a thorough investigation of the thermal freeze-out process of the long-lived stau. There, we show that even the most stringent cosmological constraints can potentially be evaded.
The Effect of Butenyl Isothiocyanate on Angiogenesis Ex Vivo and in Vivo Animal Study

Background: Angiogenesis is the development of new capillary blood vessels from existing ones that are required for several physiological and pathological processes. Butenyl isothiocyanate is a member of isothiocyanate which has drawn more attention Since they have a lot of biological activity and are given credit for the benefits of cruciferous vegetable consumption on cancer. Additionally, acetylsalicylic acid the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicine significantly lowers the angiogenesis of cancer. Objective: The study aimed to identify the anti-angiogenic activity of butenyl isothiocyanate alone and in combination with acetylsalicylic acid and to investigate the synergistic and/or additive effect of butenyl isothiocyanate and acetylsalicylic acid as anti-angiogenic compounds. Methods: 12-14 weeks-old Albino male rats were used for the study. The tested substances butenyl isothiocyanate and acetylsalicylic acid were serially diluted. An ex vivo rat aorta ring experiment has been used to examine Butenyl isothiocyanate's potential antiangiogenic properties. Using an in vivo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) experiment, the butenyl isothiocyanate-induced zone of blood vessel inhibition was measured and the collected data were statistically analyzed. Results: The result of this study showed that there is a significant antiangiogenic activity of butenyl isothiocyanate and acetylsalicylic acid and there is an additive antiangiogenic effect of butenyl isothiocyanate and acetylsalicylic acid combination in ex vivo rat aorta ring anti-angiogenesis assay (P<0.05). Each butenyl isothiocyanate and acetylsalicylic acid showed significant anti-angiogenesis activity in the in vivo CAM assay. Conclusion: The present study revealed that each butenyl isothiocyanate and acetylsalicylic acid exhibited significant anti-angiogenesis activity in both ex vivo and in vivo models of angiogenesis.
Preventing side-channel effects in continuous-variable quantum key distribution

The role of the side channels in the continuous-variable quantum key distribution is studied. It is shown how the information leakage through a side channel from the trusted sender station increases the vulnerability of the protocols to the eavesdropping in the main quantum communication channel. Moreover, the untrusted noise infusion by an eavesdropper on the trusted receiving side breaks the security even for a purely attenuating main quantum channel. As a method to compensate for the effect of the side-channel leakage on the sender side, we suggest several types of manipulations on the side-channel input. It is shown that by applying the modulated coherent light on the input of the side channel that is optimally correlated to the modulation on the main signal and optionally introducing additional squeezing in the case of the squeezed-state protocol, the negative influence of the lossy side channel on the sender side can be completely removed. For the trusted receiving side, the method of optimal monitoring of the residual noise from the side-channel noise infusion is suggested and shown to be able to completely eliminate the presence of the noisy side channel. We therefore prove that the side-channel effects can be completely removed using feasible operations if the trusted parties access the respective parts of the side channels.
LITERATE THOUGHT: A COMMENTARY

A number of d/Deaf and hard of hearing students, as well as other students in special education programs, have difficulty accessing academic content information that, traditionally, has been presented in written language in print and electronically (e.g., textbooks, other school materials, etc.). Because this information represents what students need to know, there will be a large gap in their knowledge base, and students will not have ample opportunities to develop a high level of literate thought. That is, students will not be able to represent and manipulate information, solve problems, or develop other higher-level critical thinking skills. This article presents a case for the reconceptualization of literacy—namely, a broadening of our traditional notion of literacy as being able to read and write a written language. This reconceptualization, emphasizing literate thought, requires a discussion of types of literacies and an understanding of constructs such as access and interpretation, illiteracy, and listening comprehension. Also discussed is the intertwinement of literate thought and Universal Design for Learning. The article concludes with questions for further exploration and dialogue.
From the sea to aquafeed: A perspective overview

Aquaculture has been one of the fastest-growing food production systems sectors for over three decades. With its growth, the demand for alternative, cheaper and high-quality feed ingredients is also increasing. Innovation investments on providing new functional feed alternatives have yielded several viable alternative raw materials. Considering all the current feed ingredients, their circular adaption in the aquafeed manufacturing industry is clearly of the utmost importance to achieve sustainable aquaculture in the near future. The use of terrestrial plant materials and animal by-products predominantly used in aquafeed ingredients puts a heavily reliance on terrestrial agroecosystems, which also has its own sustainability concerns. Therefore, the aquafeed industry needs to progress with functional and sustainable alternative raw materials for feed that must be more resilient and consistent, considering a circular perspective. In this review, we assess the current trends in using various marine organisms, ranging from microorganisms (including fungi, thraustochytrids, microalgae and bacteria) to macroalgae and macroinvertebrates as viable biological feed resources. This review focuses on the trend of circular use of resources and the development of new value chains. In this, we present a perspective of promoting novel circular economy value chains that promote the re-use of biological resources as valuable feed ingredients. Thus, we highlight some potentially important marine-derived resources that deserve further investigations for improving or addressing circular aquaculture.
First-principles study of ground state properties of zirconium dihydride

Structural, mechanical, electronic, and thermodynamic properties of fluorite and tetragonal phases of ZrH$_{2}$ are systematically studied by employing the density functional theory within generalized gradient approximation. The existence of the bistable structure for ZrH$_{2}$ is mainly due to the tetragonal distortions. And our calculated lattice constants for the stable face-centered tetragonal (fct) phase with \emph{c/a}=0.885 are consistent well with experiments. Through calculating elastic constants, the mechanically unstable characters of face-centered cubic (fcc) phase and fct structure with \emph{c/a}=1.111 are predicted. As for fct0.885 structure, our calculated elastic constants explicitly indicate that it is mechanically stable. Elastic moduli, Poisson's ratio, and Debye temperature are derived from elastic constants. After analyzing total and partial densities of states and valence electron charge distribution, we conclude that the Zr$-$H bonds in ZrH$_{2}$ exhibit weak covalent feature. But the ionic property is evident with about 1.5 electrons transferring from each Zr atom to H. Phonon spectrum results indicate that fct0.885 and fct1.111 structures are dynamically stable, while the fcc structure is unstable.
QUANTUM TUNNELING AND SPECTROSCOPY OF NONCOMMUTATIVE INSPIRED KERR BLACK HOLE

We discuss the thermodynamics of the noncommutative inspired Kerr black hole by means of a reformulated Hamilton-Jacobi method and a dimensional reduction technique. In order to investigate the effect of the angular momentum of the tunneling particle, we calculate the wave function to the first order of the WKB ansatz. Then, using a density matrix technique we derive the radiation spectrum from which the radiation temperature can be read out. Our results show that the radiation of this noncommutative inspired black hole corresponds to a modified temperature which involves the effect of noncommutativity. However, the angular momentum of the tunneling particle has no influence on the radiation temperature. Moreover, we analyze the entropy spectrum and verify that its quantization is modified neither by the noncommutativity of spacetime nor by the quantum correction of wave functions.