Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transition to superparamagnetism in chains of magnetosome crystals

Magnetotactic bacteria use chains of magnetic crystals to orient them in the Earth's field. Magnetic measurements show that these chains are in a single‐domain state with all the moments pointing along the chain axis. Yet many of the crystals in the chains fall in either the multidomain (MD) or the superparamagnetic (SP) size range for isolated crystals. Magnetostatic coupling between crystals keeps the magnetization uniform and prevents thermally assisted transitions between states. The SP critical size for a chain of magnetite crystals is calculated using a new algorithm. The network of stable states and transition states connecting them is determined using a homotopy continuation method. This determines the energy barriers between stable states, and the critical size can then be calculated using a master equation. As the number of crystals in the chain increases, the SP critical volume approaches a limit that is nearly independent of the shape of the crystals. The cube root of this volume is about 10 nm. Most magnetosome crystal sizes are well above this limit. About half of the magnetosome crystals found in sediments would be MD in isolation. However, there is also a population of cubo‐octahedral crystals, a large fraction of which would be SP in isolation. Such crystals are also formed in fresh water by bacteria in the genus Magnetospirillum. The difference in size and shape between the populations of isometric and nonisometric crystals may be related to redox conditions and the choice of magnetoaerotaxis mechanism.
The ‘boomer’ sonar source for seismic profiling

The boomer, an electromagnetically driven sound source for seismic profiling, consists of a triggered capacitor-bank that discharges through a flat coil or coils. Eddy currents are induced in aluminum plates that are held against the coil by heavy springs or rubber bumpers. The plates are violently repelled, and a cavitation volume is produced in the water which acts as a source of low-frequency sound. The boomer has been used as the transmitter of a continuous seismic profiling system at sea. A 1000-joule system has been used in shallow, fresh and salt water. Reflections from sediment layers at least a kilometer below the bottom of the Puerto Rico trench have been recorded by Hersey and his group aboard the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's R.V. Chain with a 13,000-joule (maximum) boomer.
A new thin cloud removal algorithm in single airborne image

The application of high-resolution airborne images becomes more and more extensive. However because of the complexity of atmospheric environment, airborne remote sensing imaging process is easily affected by cloud and mist, which results in airborne image blurred or loss of information. So it is a necessary task to remove effects of cloud to get clearer images before the next application such as image registration. This paper proposes a new method of removing thin cloud cover from single airborne image. This method applies scale space transform to get scale space sequence images. Then we use difference between different levels to extract cloud area. Next, we use gray classification which represents cloud effect degree in the highest level of cloud area. Finally, we use the original image filtered by Laplacian to subtract the last step result. Compared with other thin cloud cover removal methods which include the homomorphic filtering method, wavelet transform method and mathematical morphology by visual evaluation and statistical analysis, the method proposed by this paper proves to be the most efficient way in the processing of thin cloud cover of airborne image.
Subtle limits to connectivity revealed by outlier loci within two divergent 1 metapopulations of the deep-sea hydrothermal gastropod Ifremeria nautilei 2 3

Subtle limits to connectivity revealed by outlier loci within two divergent 1 metapopulations of the deep-sea hydrothermal gastropod Ifremeria nautilei 2 3 Adrien Tran Lu Y1*, Stéphanie Ruault2, Claire Daguin-Thiébaut2, Jade Castel2, Nicolas 4 Bierne1, Thomas Broquet2, Patrick Wincker5, Aude Perdereau5, Sophie Arnaud-Haond3, 5 Pierre-Alexandre Gagnaire1, Didier Jollivet2, Stéphane Hourdez4, François Bonhomme1 6 1:ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France, 7 2: Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144, ‘Dynamique de la Diversité Marine’ (DyDiv) Lab, Station biologique de Roscoff, 8 Place G. Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France 9 3: MARBEC, Marine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Sète, France 10 4: Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8222, Laboratoire d’Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques, Observatoire 11 Océanologique de Banyuls, Avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France 12 5: Génomique Métabolique, Génoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Évry, Université Paris13 Saclay, Évry, France 14 15 *Corresponding author: adrien.tran-lu-y@umontpellier.fr 16 17
Surround Suppression Sharpens the Priority Map in the Lateral Intraparietal Area

In the visual world, stimuli compete with each other for allocation of the brain's limited processing resources. Computational models routinely invoke wide-ranging mutually suppressive interactions in spatial priority maps to implement active competition for attentional and saccadic allocation, but such suppressive interactions have not been physiologically described, and their existence is controversial. Much evidence implicates the lateral intraparietal area as a candidate priority map in the macaque (Macaca mulatta). Here, we demonstrate that the responses of neurons in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) to a task-irrelevant distractor are strongly suppressed when the monkey plans saccades to locations outside their receptive fields. Suppression can be evoked both by flashed visual stimuli and by a memorized saccade plan. The suppressive surrounds of LIP neurons are spatially tuned and wide ranging. Increasing the monkey's motivation enhances target– distractor discriminability by enhancing both distractor suppression and the saccade goal representation; these changes are accompanied by correlated improvements in behavioral performance.
Deep Penetration Density: A New Borehole Gravity Meter

Exciting developments are now taking place in the field of borehole gravity. A new generation of borehole gravity meter (BHGM) instrumentation, known as the Deep Penetration Density (DPD) logging tool, is being developed. This paper describes the deficiencies of the present BHGM and discusses how the DPD instrumentation is overcoming those deficiencies. The first model, DPD I, is 4 1/8 inches in diameter and capable of making measurements at any well deviation. The second model, DPD II, will be reduced to under 3 inches in diameter. The DPD development is being driven by strong interest from industry.
Sir2-domain associated short prokaryotic Argonautes provide defence against invading mobile genetic elements through NAD+ depletion

Argonaute (Ago) proteins are found in all three domains of life. The so-called long Agos are composed of four major domains (N, PAZ, MID, and PIWI) and contribute to RNA silencing in eukaryotes (eAgos) or defence against invading mobile genetic elements in prokaryotes (pAgos). Intriguingly, the majority (~60%) of prokaryotic Agos (pAgos) identified bioinformatically are shorter (comprised of only MID and PIWI domains) and are typically associated with Sir2, Mrr or TIR domain-containing proteins. The cellular function and mechanism of short pAgos remain enigmatic. Here, we show that short pAgos from Geobacter sulfurreducens, Caballeronia cordobensis and Paraburkholderia graminis, together with the NAD+-bound Sir2-proteins form a stable heterodimeric Sir2/Ago complex that recognizes invading plasmid or phage DNA through the pAgos subunit and activates Sir2 subunit triggering the endogenous NAD+ depletion and cell death thus preventing the propagation of invading DNA. This is the first demonstration that short Sir2-associated pAgos provide defence against phages and plasmids and underscores the diversity of mechanisms of prokaryotic Agos.
First-Line Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes With Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists

BACKGROUND Guidelines recommend sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) receptor agonists as second-line therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes. Expanding their use as first-line therapy has been proposed but the clinical benefits may not outweigh their costs. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the lifetime cost-effectiveness of a strategy of first-line SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP1 receptor agonists. DESIGN Individual-level Monte Carlo-based Markov model. DATA SOURCES Randomized trials, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention databases, RED BOOK, and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. TARGET POPULATION Drug-naive U.S. patients with type 2 diabetes. TIME HORIZON Lifetime. PERSPECTIVE Health care sector. INTERVENTION First-line SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP1 receptor agonists. OUTCOME MEASURES Life expectancy, lifetime costs, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). RESULTS OF BASE-CASE ANALYSIS First-line SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 receptor agonists had lower lifetime rates of congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke compared with metformin. First-line SGLT2 inhibitors cost $43 000 more and added 1.8 quality-adjusted months versus first-line metformin ($478 000 per quality-adjusted life-year [QALY]). First-line injectable GLP1 receptor agonists cost more and reduced QALYs compared with metformin. RESULTS OF SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS By removing injection disutility, first-line GLP1 receptor agonists were no longer dominated (ICER, $327 000 per QALY). Oral GLP1 receptor agonists were not cost-effective (ICER, $823 000 per QALY). To be cost-effective at under $150 000 per QALY, costs for SGLT2 inhibitors would need to be under $5 per day and under $6 per day for oral GLP1 receptor agonists. LIMITATION U.S. population and costs not generalizable internationally. CONCLUSION As first-line agents, SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 receptor agonists would improve type 2 diabetes outcomes, but their costs would need to fall by at least 70% to be cost-effective. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE American Diabetes Association.
Single-trial Decoding of Auditory Novelty Responses Facilitates the Detection of Residual Consciousness

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Vegetative state Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome Minimally conscious state Multivariate pattern classifier Decoding EEG MEG Detecting residual consciousness in unresponsive patients is a major clinical concern and a challenge for theoretical neuroscience. To tackle this issue, we recently designed a paradigm that dissociates two electro-encephalographic (EEG) responses to auditory novelty. Whereas a local change in pitch automatically elicits a mismatch negativity (MMN), a change in global sound sequence leads to a late P300b response. The latter component is thought to be present only when subjects consciously perceive the global novelty. Unfortunately , it can be difficult to detect because individual variability is high, especially in clinical recordings. Here, we show that multivariate pattern classifiers can extract subject-specific EEG patterns and predict single-trial local or global novelty responses. We first validate our method with 38 high-density EEG, MEG and intracranial EEG recordings. We empirically demonstrate that our approach circumvents the issues associated with multiple comparisons and individual variability while improving the statistics. Moreover, we confirm in control subjects that local responses are robust to distraction whereas global responses depend on attention. We then investigate 104 vegetative state (VS), minimally conscious state (MCS) and conscious state (CS) patients recorded with high-density EEG. For the local response, the proportion of significant decoding scores (M = 60%) does not vary with the state of consciousness. By contrast, for the global response , only 14% of the VS patients' EEG recordings presented a significant effect, compared to 31% in MCS patients' and 52% in CS patients'. In conclusion, single-trial multivariate decoding of novelty responses provides valuable information in non-communicating patients and paves the way towards real-time monitoring of the state of consciousness. Introduction Despite a recent flurry of experimental discoveries, the neuronal mechanisms that support conscious perception remain a major challenge for neuroscience. Numerous studies have associated conscious perception with macroscopic neurophysiological phenomena such as synchronous activity across distant cortical regions and sustained fronto-parietal activations (Fahrenfort et al. neuronal signatures of conscious processing is not just a theoretical exercise. Every year, severe brain injuries lead thousands of patients to lose their communication abilities and fall into a variety of clinical conditions ranging from coma, to vegetative state (VS), minimally conscious state (MCS) or conscious but paralyzed patients (locked-in syndrome). Clinically, separating disorders of consciousness (DOC) from communication deficits can be difficult. In particular, VS …
Optical properties of quartz dust particles at infrared wavelengths

The complex index of refraction of quartz is presented for wavelengths 1.6 μ ≲ λ ≲ 36 μ. An ensemble of spherical quartz dust particles represented by the size distribution is utilized in conjunction with Mie theory to determine the extinction coefficient, the albedo of single scattering, and the asymmetry factor, 〈cos θ〉 of the phase functions, for wavelengths in this interval. Phase functions are also presented for several selected wavelengths.
Indoor air microbiota of pig farms drives the composition of the pig farmer’s 1 nasal microbiota in a season dependent and farm specific manner

Prior studies have demonstrated an influence of the built environment on the human nasal 23 microbiota. However, very little is known about the influences of working on a pig farm on the 24 human nasal microbiota. We longitudinally collected samples from 30 pig farms (air, nasal swabs 25 from humans and pigs) in Switzerland from 2014-2015. As controls, nasal swabs from cow farmers 26 and individuals with no contact with farm animals were included. Analysis of the microbiota for all 27 samples (n=609) was performed based on 16S rRNA sequencing (MiSeq) and included the 28 investigations of source-sink dynamics. 29 The number of indoor airborne particles and bacterial load in pig farms was highest in winter. 30 Similarly, the microbiota analyses revealed that the alpha-diversity values of the nares of pig farmers 31 were increased in winter in contrast to samples from the non-exposed controls which displayed low 32 alpha-diversity values throughout the seasons. Source-sink analyses revealed that bacteria from the 33 nose of pigs are more commonly co-identified within the pig farmer’s microbiota in winter but to a 34 less extent in summer. In addition, in winter, there was a stronger intra-similarity for samples that 35 originated from the same farm as compared to samples from different farms and this farm-specificity 36 was partially or completely lost in spring, summer and fall. 37 In conclusion, in contrast to non-exposed controls, a pig farmer’s nasal microbiota is dynamic as the 38 indoor air microbiota of pig farms drives the composition of the pig farmer’s nasal microbiota in a 39 season dependent manner. tenfold copy numbers. A negative control 261 was included in every run. The following cycling conditions were used: 95 °C for 10 min, followed by 262 40 cycles of 95 °C for 15 s and 60 °C for 1 min. The results were collected using the QuantStudio 6 263 and 7 Flex Software. Each sample was measured in triplicate. Samples with high Ct values (>35) were 264 excluded from analysis (n=15/105; 15.75%). The 16S rRNA gene copy numbers were logarithmically 265 transformed for analysis and seasonal differences were determined using a linear model ( lmer ).
Le processus de régionalisation au sein de l'ASEAN : les enjeux pour les nouveaux membres - Le cas du Vietnam

En 1992, les pays de l’ASEAN ont decide la creation d’une zone de libre-echange, l’AFTA. Parallelement, l’ASEAN s’est progressivement elargie au cours des annees 90, jusqu’a integrer les 10 pays d’Asie du Sud-Est. L’objectif de cet article est de mettre en relief les principales caracteristiques et etapes du processus de regionalisation en cours en Asie du Sud-Est. L’e x p e r i e n c e d u V i e t n a m p e r m e t d e m i e u x comprendre ce que les nouveaux membres attendent du renforcement de leurs relations economiques avec les pays voisins et les difficultes rencontrees.
Palaeomagnetism of Permo-Triassic rocks in the Iberian Cordillera, Spain: acquisition of Secondary and characteristic remanence

Magnetostratigraphy is widely used as a tool for stratigraphical correlation but there are problems in its application to rocks which have suffered complex diagenesis, particularly sandy, continental red beds. In such cases the complete magnetic record should be studied in relation to its depositional, diagenetic and structural history. To this end a detailed palaeomagnetic study has been made of Permian and Triassic rocks in the northern Iberian Cordillera, Spain. Four stratigraphical units comprising the Autunian, 'Saxonian', Buntsandstein and Muschelkalk have been studied in a single section near Molina de Aragon which is well-documented sedimentologically. Autunian rocks have a characteristic remanence which is exclusively reversed and corresponds to the Kiaman Interval of Lower Permian age. A pole position (49 N, 167 W) is consistent with previous studies which indicate the rotation of Iberia in post-Triassic times relative to the stable European plate. The Saxonian facies show complex, multicomponent magnetizations; no polarity zonation can be resolved but individual components were acquired prior to the rotation of Iberia. The Buntsandstein is remarkable in that much of it is completely remagnetized in a direction similar to the present local geomagnetic direction. This secondary remanence is carried by fine grained hematite which has been formed as a result of carbonate dissolution and other diagenetic reactions. Initially, these iron oxides were probably superparamagnetic and remanence was only blocked-in by structural inversion of the Iberian Cordillera in Tertiary times and after rotation of the Iberian plate. Some of the primary remanence is preserved in some fine grained lithologies of the Buntsandstein, indicating that normal and reversed zones of magnetization were originally present. The magnetization of the Muschelkalk carbonates is also complex; secondary components similar to those of the Buntsandstein are present but there is evidence that primary components were mainly normal during Karnian times.
In lieu of the paired catchment approach: Hydrologic model change detection at the catchment scale

The paired catchment approach has been the predominant method for detecting the effects of disturbance on catchment‐scale hydrology. Notwithstanding, the utility of this approach is limited by regression model sample size, variability between paired catchments, type II error, and the inability of locating a long‐term suitable control. An increasingly common practice is to use rainfall‐runoff models to discern the effect of disturbance on hydrology, but few hydrologic model studies (1) consider problems associated with model identification, (2) use formal statistical methods to evaluate the significance of hydrologic change relative to variations in rainfall and streamflow, and (3) apply change detection models to undisturbed catchments to test the approach. We present an alternative method to the paired catchment approach and improve on stand‐alone hydrologic modeling to discern the effects of forest harvesting at the catchment scale. Our method combines rainfall‐runoff modeling to account for natural fluctuations in daily streamflow, uncertainty analyses using the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation method to identify and separate hydrologic model uncertainty from unexplained variation, and GLS regression change detection models to provide a formal experimental framework for detecting changes in daily streamflow relative to variations in daily hydrologic and climatic data. We include statistical analyses of climate variation and a two‐part evaluation to explore model performance and account for unexplained variation. Evaluations consisted of applying our method to a control catchment and to a period prior to harvesting in a treated catchment to demonstrate that our method was capable of capturing the absence of land use change in an undisturbed catchment and capturing the absence of land use change during a period of no disturbance in the harvested catchment. In addition, we explore the sensitivity of our method to model identification, number of simulations, and likelihood thresholds for model identification. We show that an increase in the number of model simulations does not necessarily result in increased change detection performance. Our method is a potentially useful alternative to the paired catchment approach where reference catchments are not possible and to stand‐alone hydrologic modeling for detecting the effects of land use change on hydrology.
It's About Time: A Conceptual Framework for the Representation of Temporal Dynamics in Geographic Information Systems

Abstract The study of spatiotemporal dynamics is certainly not new, nor is it unique to the field of geography. Nevertheless, addressing complex human and environmental issues such as global warming and human impacts on the environment requires empirical examination from a much broader and integrated perspective than can be accomplished with current techniques. Although Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are intended to provide an integrated and flexible tool for analyzing large volumes of data, they are historically geared toward the representation and analysis of situations frozen in time. Efforts to enhance the temporal capabilities of GIS have served to reveal many problems at a fundamental conceptual level. In order to address this problem, this paper presents a new Triad representational approach that unifies temporal-as well as locational-and object-related aspects and that incorporates concepts from perceptual psychology, artifical intelligence, and other fields. The goal of this research is a d.
Minimizing dredging disposal via sediment management in New York Harbor

The Port of New York/New Jersey is naturally shallow, and therefore dredging is required to maintain depths necessary for navigation. About six million cubic yards of material must be dredged annually to maintain navigation channels and berthing areas. Opportunities for disposal of dredged materials in the metropolitan region are limited. The existing ocean disposal site that has, until recently, received the majority of dredged materials is nearing capacity. Under the new, more stringent, guidance for ocean disposal, a large percentage of the dredged material is not considered acceptable for ocean disposal because of contamination. This paper explores nondredging alternatives to reduce the volume of materials to be dredged, thus reducing the disposal volume. These alternatives include short-term options (e.g., reprofiling operations, in which sediments from high spots in berths are dragged to depressions in lower spots) and long-term sedimentation minimization options (e.g., subsurface berms or air bubblers deployed around berths and interpier areas). These methods require an understanding of sedimentation/circulation patterns of the harbor as a whole and the local area in which the specific methodology may be employed.