Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flood risk analysis: Concepts and challenges

In the last decades risk analysis methods have been developed in different safety-relevant fields, such as environmental and technological risks. Basic ideas of these concepts are applied to the flood risk problem. It is shown that the flood risk analyses currently in use have severe shortcomings. This concerns the identification of possible damage scenarios (What can go wrong? ), the estimation of scenario probabilities (How likely is it that it will happen? ), andthe assessment of flood consequences (If it does happen, what are the consequences? ). Therefore, results of flood risk analyses may be very uncertain. However, they are useful in a comparative sense, e.g. for deciding between different protection options. Probably the greatest value of such comprehensive risk analyses is the new insight and increased understanding of the complete system showing safety deficits, weak spots and possible safety improvements.
Major Earthquakes on the Southern San Andreas Fault Modulated by Lake Filling Events

4 We use new geologic and paleoseismic data to demonstrate that the past 6 ma-5 jor earthquakes on the Southern San Andreas Fault (SSAF) correlate with 6 high-stands of the ancient Lake Cahuilla, a ∼ 236 km 3 body of water adjacent 7 to the SSAF. In order to investigate possible causal relationships, we computed 8 time-dependent Coulomb stress changes due to variations in the lake level over 9 the last ∼ 1100 years. Simulations were performed using a fully coupled 3-D 10 ﬁnite element model incorporating a poroelastic crust overlying a viscoelas-11 tic mantle. We ﬁnd that the Coulomb stress perturbations on the SSAF are 12 positive (i.e., promoting failure) throughout the lake loading history. For a 13 plausible range of lake ages and material properties of the Earth’s crust, the 14 estimated stress perturbations are of the order of 0.5 MPa, likely sufﬁcient for 15 triggering. Stress perturbations are dominated by pore pressure changes, but 16 are enhanced by the poroelastic “memory” effect whereby increases in pore 17
Astrophysics On the atmospheric fragmentation of small asteroids

It is known, from observational data recorded from airbursts, that small asteroids breakup at dynamical pressures lower than their mechanical strength. This means that actual theoretical models are inconsistent with observations. In this paper, we present a detailed discussion about data recorded from airbursts and about several theoretical models. We extend and improve a theory previously outlined for the fragmentation of small asteroids in the Earth atmosphere. The new condition for fragmentation is given by the shock wave{turbulence interaction, which results in sudden outburst of the dynamical pressure.
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu expression in urothelial carcinomas

Introduction: Urothelial carcinomas of the bladder are more common in males, making them the sixth-most common cancer in men and the tenth-most common cancer overall, worldwide. Current guidelines do not recommend routine testing for human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2/neu) expression on the biopsy specimens of patients with urothelial carcinoma. This study was aimed at determining the expression pattern of HER2/neu and its usefulness in muscle-invasive and nonmuscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma. Methods: HER2/neu expression was assessed in 89 specimens of urothelial cancer by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and equivocal cases were subjected to fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Results: On IHC for HER2/neu, 17.9% (7/39) of the muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBCs) showed a 3+ expression, whereas 22% (11/50) of the non-muscle invasive cancers were positive with a score of 3+. A significant correlation between HER2/neu status and muscle invasion could not be established in the current study (P = 0.74, Fisher's exact test). Three cases of muscle-invasive (7.7%) and 2 cases (4%) among nonmuscle invasive cancers showed equivocal expression. All the cases with equivocal (2+) expression on IHC were subjected to FISH and none showed gene amplification on hybridization and were considered as negative. Conclusion: Overexpression of HER-2/neu was seen in 17.9% of MIBCs and 22% of non-MIBCs. There are no norms for routine testing of HER2/neu expression in the biopsy specimens of urothelial carcinoma. There is an unmet need to establish guidelines for HER2/neu scoring, similar to that for breast and gastric cancers, to determine the proportion of positive cases and help in identification of those who may benefit from targeted therapies.
Single-cell analysis of bone marrow CD8+ T cells in Myeloid Neoplasms predicts response to treatment with Azacitidine

Treatment with hypomethylating agents (HMA), and specifically azacitidine (AZA), is the standard of care for patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that are not eligible to receive intensive chemotherapy. Despite research efforts, it is not possible to predict response to treatment with HMA. In this study, we aimed to identify immune cell signatures in the bone marrow (BM) associated with treatment outcomes. By employing mass cytometry, we performed an in-depth immunophenotypic analysis in BM samples deriving from patients with myeloid neoplasms prior to treatment initiation. We identified an increased pre-treatment frequency of a CD8+ T cell subset, characterized as CD57+CXCR3+CCR7-CD45RA+, in patients with MDS and AML who did not respond to treatment with AZA, compared to responders. Furthermore, an increased baseline frequency (>29%) of CD57+CXCR3+CD8+ T cells was correlated with poor overall survival. We further engaged scRNA-seq to assess the transcriptional profile of BM CD8+ T cells from treatment-naive patients with MDS and AML, to identify molecular signatures in CD8+ T subpopulations associated with favorable outcomes. Response to treatment was positively associated with enrichment of IFN-mediated pathways coupled with enhanced cytotoxic signature, whereas enrichment of the TGF-b signaling pathway was observed in cell clusters from non-responders. Together, this study identified a specific CD57+CXCR3+ CD8+ T cell population with predictive value in patients with MDS and AML treated with AZA and characterized molecular signatures in CD8+ T cells linked to cytokine signaling that were associated with treatment outcomes.
Ensemble classiﬁers

: Ensemble classiﬁcation methods like Random Forest are powerful and versatile classiﬁers. We explore variations in the ensemble approach and demonstrate the strong performance of ensemble versions of Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) variants such as LDA-PCA (LDA after a Principal Components Analysis step to reduce dimensionality) and LASSO in situations characterized by a huge number of features and a small number of samples such as DNA microarray data. We also demonstrate the value of enriching the ensembles with features that are most likely to be informative in situations where only a very small percentage of the features actually carries classiﬁcation information. Notably, in the case studies we analyzed, the enriched ensemble procedure with LDA-PCA as base classiﬁer had a misclassiﬁcation rate that was essentially half that observed with Random Forest.
Clinical, microbiological and genomic characterization of Gram-negative bacteria with dual carbapenemases as identified by rapid molecular testing

Abstract Objective Dual carbapenemase-producing organisms (DCPOs) are an emerging threat that expands the spectrum of antimicrobial resistance. There is limited literature on the clinical and genetic epidemiology of DCPOs. Methods DCPO isolates were identified by Xpert® Carba-R PCR testing of routine diagnostic cultures performed from 2018 to 2021 at a New York City health system. WGS was performed by Illumina and/or PacBio. Medical records of patients were reviewed for clinical and epidemiological data. Results Twenty-six DCPO isolates were obtained from 13 patients. Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 22) was most frequent, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 2), Escherichia coli (n = 1) and Enterobacter cloacae (n = 1). The most common DCPO combination was blaNDM/blaOXA-48-like (n = 16). Notably, 1.05% (24/2290) of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales isolates were identified as DCPOs. The susceptibility profiles matched the identified resistance genes, except for a K. pneumoniae (blaKPC/blaOXA-48-like) isolate that was phenotypically susceptible to meropenem. Eleven patients were hospitalized within the year prior to admission, and received antibiotic(s) 1 month prior. Seven patients were originally from outside the USA. Hypertension, kidney disease and diabetes were frequent comorbidities. Death in two cases was attributed to DCPO infection. WGS of eight isolates showed that carbapenemases were located on distinct plasmids, except for one K. pneumoniae isolate where NDM and KPC carbapenemases were located on a single IncC-type plasmid backbone. Conclusions Here we characterized a series of DCPOs from New York City. Foreign travel, prior hospitalization, antibiotic usage and comorbidities were common among DCPO cases. All carbapenemases were encoded on plasmids, which may facilitate horizontal transfer.
The Prostate

Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Conway Institute, University College, Dublin, Ireland Department of Urology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norfolk, UK Division of Urology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Science Division, The Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
Simulated Electrocortical Activity at Microscopic, Mesoscopic and Global Scales

The interaction of large populations of neurons gives rise to electrical events in the brain, which can be observed at several spatial scales. We show that mutually consistent explanations and simulation of experimental data can be achieved for cortical gamma activity, synchronous oscillation, and the main features of the EEG power spectrum including the cerebral rhythms, and evoked potentials. These simulations include consideration of dendritic and synaptic dynamics, AMPA, NMDA and GABA receptors, and intracortical and cortical/subcortical interactions. The dynamic properties exhibited in the simulations, Hebbian synaptic modification regulated by a limited set of innate "reward" mechanisms, and infomax principles, can be combined to yield an explanation of elementary adaptive learning.
Perbaikan Ejaan Kata pada Dokumen Bahasa Indonesia dengan Metode Cosine Similarity

Kesalahan ejaan kata dalam penulisan dokumen Bahasa Indonesia sering dijumpai sehingga sulit memahaminya. Penggunaan teknologi dalam memperbaiki kesalahan kata (spelling checker) telah banyak dilakukan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan perbaikan kata pada dokumen bahasa Indonesia berbasis kemiripan kata menggunakan metode n-gram dan cosine similarity. Proses dimulai dengan melakukan pembentukan data latih dengan metode n-gram dalam pemotongan sejumlah kata. Pada proses pengujian dilakukan tahapan pra proses terlebih dahulu dan dilakukan pengecekan kata berdasarkan kamus kata dan data latih yang ada. Kata yang diasumsi salah dilakukan perbaikan kata dengan mencari kemiripan katanya dengan metode n-gram dan cosine similarity. Hasil kemiripan kata yang tertinggi disesuaikan dengan data latih, bila tidak sesuai maka kata dengan kemiripan tertinggi dianggap kata benar yang dilakukan perbaikan. Pada penelitian ini hasil percobaan dari 3 tingkatan kesalahan kata yaitu 20 %, 50 %, dan 70 % dengan masing-masing 20 dokumen menghasilkan perbaikan kata yang tepat diatas 70 %. Hasil penelitian dapat dilihat bahwa perbaikan kata sangat bergantung pada kamus kata trigram dan latih yang ada. Ini menunjukkan bahwa metode n-gram dan cosine similarity baik dalam penelitian ini.
THE INFLOW OF FOREIGN PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT AND THE RESPONSE OF MONETARY POLICY IN NIGERIA

The study investigated how foreign portfolio investment responds to monetary policy indicators and vice-versa in Nigeria. It employed high-frequency data for the period 2014:01-2016:12 and used the vector error correction (VEC) approach to investigate the inter-relationship among the endogenous series. It found that there is a uni-causal relationship between monetary policy indicators and FPI. The cointegration results affirmed that there exists a long-run relationship between FPI and treasury bill, while VEC estimates suggested that short-run relationship exists between FPI and MPR. The impulse response function suggested that inflow of FPI responds to monetary policy shocks and vice-versa. The variance decomposition results affirmed that innovations due to monetary policy and FPI constitute sources of variations in the fluctuations of these two variables. It was concluded that there exists a short-run relationship between monetary policy and foreign portfolio investment, but that there is no long-run relationship between the two variables. It was recommended that monetary policymakers should take into account the pattern of inflow of FPI into Nigeria, especially in the short-run when fixing the monetary policy rate.
ENGINEERING CLINICALLY RELEVANT MODELS OF HUMAN FIBROBLASTS USING ALL-TRANS RETINOIC ACID

Past studies done involving human fibroblasts tend to use a simplified model of fibroblast growth in-vivo that selects more active cells and places them in an environment without the normal growth restrictions introduced by human physiology. The human body uses various micronutrients as ligands for regulating gene expression that is often absent in standard scar-in-a-jar assays, which further serve a host of other functions within the same wound-healing mechanism. This study seeks to characterize the effects of all-trans retinoic acid, a vitamin A derivative, on the growth of human fibroblasts in-vitro and compare them to quiescent fibroblasts. This comparison is made to understand the normalization effect of vitamin A on active fibroblasts. The potential impact of this research is to re-evaluate current drug development models for fibrosis drugs and to reduce development costs by increasing the accuracy of data from pre-clinical trials. Another goal is the use of vitamin A as a component in quiescence models of human fibroblasts. This study performs a variety of experiments on fibroblasts in various conditions in order to understand the specific cell interactions vitamin A has on exposed cells. The data clearly establishes a dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation as a result of retinoic acid exposure, combined with an increase in markers associated with fibrosis, cell differentiation, and cell cycle exit. These latter results are unclear as to the specific interactions in the cells, but display a need for further experimentation using vitamin A as a component of microphysiological systems.
PERSONALITY TRAITS AS CULTURAL MODELS (Georgian case – Aggression, Altruism, Flattery)

The article concerns the cultural models of personality traits viewed within the conceptual framework of cognitive psychological anthropology. It is believed that personality traits are shared cultural experiences formed in interaction with cultural practice and are represented in the psyche in the form of cultural models (schemas). 50 people (aged 25-45) participated in the study. For all participants Georgian was the first language. The study used psycho-se-mantic experiment and interviewing as research methods. 200 Georgian folk idioms were used as study material. The semantic space constructed on the basis of obtained results reflects the structure of semantic relations between the idioms. The interview provided material on the rational basis of semantic grouping used by research participants. It turned out that affective implications (feelings), perceptual implications (ideas about the similarity of the elements united under the same category) and cognitive implications (naming of categories) proved to play the leading role in categorization. The data obtained from the interview and experiment were synthetically interpreted. The study analyses 3 personality traits: aggression, altruism and flattery. Personality traits and their components are interpreted within the culture-specific context.
A comparison of imputation methods using machine learning models

Handling missing values in data analysis is essential in constructing a good prediction model. The easiest way to handle missing values is to use complete case data, but this can lead to information loss within the data and invalid conclusions in data analysis. Imputation is a technique that replaces missing data with alternative values obtained from information in a dataset. Conventional imputation methods include K-nearest-neighbor imputation and multiple imputations. Recent methods include missForest, missRanger, and mixgb ,all which use machine learning algorithms. This paper compares the imputation techniques for datasets with mixed datatypes in various situations, such as data size, missing ratios, and missing mechanisms. To evaluate the performance of each method in mixed datasets, we propose a new imputation performance measure (IPM) that is a uniﬁed measurement applicable to numerical and categorical variables. We believe this metric can help ﬁnd the best imputation method. Finally, we summarize the comparison results with imputation performances and computational times.
Quantifying Magma Overpressure Beneath a Submarine Caldera: A Mechanical Modeling Approach to Tsunamigenic Trapdoor Faulting Near Kita‐Ioto Island, Japan

Submarine volcano monitoring is vital for assessing volcanic hazards but challenging in remote and inaccessible environments. In the vicinity of Kita‐Ioto Island, south of Japan, unusual M ∼ 5 non‐double‐couple volcanic earthquakes exhibited quasi‐regular recurrence near a submarine caldera. Following the earthquakes in 2008 and 2015, a distant ocean bottom pressure sensor recorded distinct tsunami signals. In this study, we aim to find a source model of the tsunami‐generating earthquake and quantify the pre‐seismic magma overpressure within the caldera's magma reservoir. Based on the earthquake's characteristic focal mechanism and efficient tsunami generation, we hypothesize that submarine trapdoor faulting occurred due to highly pressurized magma. To investigate this hypothesis, we establish mechanical earthquake models that link pre‐seismic magma overpressure to the size of the resulting trapdoor faulting, by considering stress interaction between a ring‐fault system and a reservoir of the caldera. The trapdoor faulting with large fault slip due to magma‐induced shear stress in the submarine caldera reproduces well the observed tsunami waveform. Due to limited data, uncertainties in the fault geometry persist, leading to variations of magma overpressure estimation: the pre‐seismic magma overpressure ranging approximately from 5 to 20 MPa, and the co‐seismic pressure drop ratio from 10% to 40%. Although better constraints on the fault geometry are required for robust magma pressure quantification, this study shows that magmatic systems beneath calderas are influenced significantly by intra‐caldera fault systems and that tsunamigenic trapdoor faulting provides rare opportunities to obtain quantitative insights into remote submarine volcanism hidden under the ocean.
Adenosine A 2A Receptor Antagonists A ﬀ ects NMDA Glutamate Receptor Function. Potential to Address Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease

: (1) Background. N -methyl d -aspartate (NMDA) ionotropic glutamate receptor (NMDAR), which is one of the main targets to combat Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is expressed in both neurons and glial cells. The aim of this paper was to assess whether the adenosine A 2A receptor (A 2A R), which is a target in neurodegeneration, may a ﬀ ect NMDAR functionality. (2) Methods. Immuno-histo / cytochemical, biophysical, biochemical and signaling assays were performed in a heterologous cell expression system and in primary cultures of neurons and microglia (resting and activated) from control and the APP Sw,Ind transgenic mice. (3) Results. On the one hand, NMDA and A 2A receptors were able to physically interact forming complexes, mainly in microglia. Furthermore, the amount of complexes was markedly enhanced in activated microglia. On the other hand, the interaction resulted in a novel functional entity that displayed a cross-antagonism, that could be useful to prevent the exacerbation of NMDAR function by using A 2A R antagonists. Interestingly, the amount of complexes was markedly higher in the hippocampal cells from the APP Sw,Ind than from the control mice. In neurons, the number of complexes was lesser, probably due to NMDAR not interacting with the A 2A R. However, the activation of the A 2A R receptors resulted in higher NMDAR functionality in neurons, probably by indirect mechanisms. (4) Conclusions. A 2A R antagonists such as istradefylline, which is already approved for Parkinson’s disease (Nouriast ® in Japan and Nourianz ® in the US), have potential to a ﬀ ord neuroprotection in AD in a synergistic-like fashion. i.e., via both neurons and microglia.
Clínica y Salud

Childbirth expectations during pregnancy are important factors related to birth satisfaction. The aim of this study is to validate the Childbirth Expectation Questionnaire (CEQ) in a sample of Spanish pregnant women; 231 women responded to the CEQ during their first trimester of pregnancy and 106 of them completed a re-test at the third trimester. Exploratory analyses with 1-to-6 factor solutions were carried out to investigate the internal structure of the CEQ. The three-factor solution (spousal support and control, medical support and environment, and labor pain and distress) showed the best properties in terms of model fit, number of items per factor, and item loadings. The internal consistency of scales was also good (.79 ≥ α ≤ .93). Test-retest analyses showed significant intercorrelations between expectations from the first to the third trimester of pregnancy. There is a need to assess childbirth expectations, and our results suggest that the CEQ is a valid and useful instrument to be used among Spanish pregnant women.
Media and Intercultural Communication Shifts: A Semiotic Analysis of the Cultural Identity in Two International Films Ali Hussain Alawi

This research investigated the role of media in fostering intercultural communication within the global context. Specifically, the study examined how films continue to serve as important media tools to facilitate the maintenance of cultural identity even within multicultural settings where exposure to other cultures and cultural empiricism were common. To explore the study’s purpose, grounded theory was used as a qualitative method. With this method, it was possible to analyze the impact of intercultural communication and cross-cultural interaction on people from a behavioural perspective. Whereas grounded theory was the overall research strategy, the specific data collection method employed was semiotic analysis. Two films, “My Big Fat Greek Wedding (2002)” and “Shanghai Kiss (2007)” were selected and analyzed. The findings revealed that cultural exposure and cultural empiricism could sometimes lead culturally related dilemma and contamination, but they do not necessarily guarantee that people experiencing them will always give up their cultural identities. Two major conclusions were: 1) that films can aid intercultural communication in a global context and 2) cultural exposure and cross-cultural interactions can take place without a person losing his or her cultural identity.