Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Source parameters and tectonic origin of the 1996 June 1 Tianzhu (Mw=5.2) and 1995 July 21 Yongden (Mw=5.6) earthquakes near the Haiyuan fault (Gansu, China)

SUMMARY The 1996 June 1 Tianzhu (Mw=5.2, Ms=4.9) and the 1995 July 21 Yongden (Mw=5.6, Ms=5.4) earthquakes are the two largest events recorded in the last 10 years between the 1990 October 20 Ms=5.8 and the recent 2000 June 6 Ms=5.6 earthquakes near the ‘Tianzhu seismic gap’ on the Haiyuan fault in northeastern Tibet. We use frequency–time analysis (FTAN) to extract the fundamental modes of Love and Rayleigh waves from digital records. A joint inversion of their amplitude spectra and of P-wave first-motion polarities is then performed to calculate the source parameters (focal mechanisms, depths and seismic moments) of these two Ms≃5 earthquakes. Such a joint inversion is tested for the first time. We use IRIS and GEOSCOPE network records for period ranges of 20–40 s for the former event and 35–70 s for the latter. The inversion of the Tianzhu earthquake yields nodal planes with strike, dip and slip of 282°, 72° and 3° and 191°, 87° and 162°, respectively, a focal depth around 12 km and a seismic moment of 0.56×1017 N m, consistent with the Harvard CMT calculation, and the alignment and depths of the aftershocks recorded by a local network. We propose two possible tectonic interpretations for this off-fault event. The solution for the Yongden earthquake is consistent with a thrust, with strike, dip and slip of 105°, 45° and 75°, respectively, a focal depth around 6 km and a seismic moment of 2.4×1017 N m, also in agreement with the Harvard CMT mechanism, the distribution of the aftershocks recorded by a regional network, and the general tectonic setting that we refine.
Integrating models to predict the reason of unknown-caused grassland fire based on GIS

This study predicts the reason of unknown-caused fires that occurred in grassland in the east of Inner Mongolia, China. GIS and logistic regression are used to build the predicting models. The causes of grassland fires were classified as vehicle, production, living and lighting. The areas were divided into fired and unfired grid cells (500m*500m) with spatial analysis, in order to determine the spatial factors and weather factors, such as the nearest distance to villages, roads, fields etc. Logistic regression was used to build predictive models of the probability for each reason of grassland fires. Four probabilities of each unknown-caused grassland fire were calculated and the maximum value expresses the fire reason. The results show that natural fires are less than human-caused grassland fires and they can be used in fire risk models and to support fire management decision-making. These methods would take advantage to the other grassland fire studies, such as fire ecology, fire weather, fire cycle, etc.
Perceptual assimilation of American English vowels by Japanese listeners

Abstract The present study examined Japanese (J) speakers' perceptual assimilation of 11 American English (AE) vowels produced by four male speakers in two sets of materials: /hVba/ disyllables spoken in citation-form (lists) and in /hVb/ syllables embedded in a short carrier sentence. J listeners were asked to select the J vowel category to which each AE vowel was most similar and to rate its category goodness on a 7-point scale. While the overall pattern of assimilation to the five Japanese (J) vowel qualities (spectral assimilation pattern) was partially predictable on the basis of cross-language phonetic similarities, there were some unexpected results, and spectral assimilation patterns differed across disyllable and sentence conditions for 4 of the 11 vowels. There were also large differences across the two sets of materials in assimilation of long and short AE vowels to J long (2-mora) and short (1-mora) vowel categories (temporal assimilation pattern). The long AE vowels were perceived as similar to long J vowels only when they were produced and presented in sentence context. In a second study in which the final /a/ portions of the disyllables were electronically shortened, assimilation of long AE vowels to long J categories did not differ from the original disyllable condition. This suggests that the better temporal differentiation of long and short AE vowels in the sentence condition was due to the presence of a larger rhythmic context. Acoustical analysis of the stimuli indicated that some, but not all, of the differences in spectral and temporal perceptual assimilation patterns across speakers and conditions could be accounted for by differences in acoustic structure (production differences). Implications for theories of L2 speech learning and for training studies of L2 vowels are discussed.
Rapid isolation and purification of mitochondria for transplantation using tissue dissociation and differential filtration

Researchers have identified several methods for treating acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients affected by ischemia and reperfusion injury. Some of these therapies include thrombolysis, balloon angioplasty, and coronary arterial bypass graft (CAGB). This lab has previously demonstrated that transplantation of mitochondria into the ischemic zone of a rabbit heart during reperfusion significantly improved recovery as compared to current techniques. In order for this therapy to be translated into the clinic a rapid isolation method for producing highly pure and functional mitochondria will be required. Previously described mitochondrial isolation methods using differential centrifugation and/or Ficoll gradient centrifugation require 60 to 100 minutes to complete. Herein, a method for rapid isolation of mitochondria from mammalian tissue biopsies is described. In this protocol, manual homogenization is replaced
Pharmacodynamic Comparison of Prasugrel Versus Ticagrelor in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease: The OPTIMUS (Optimizing Antiplatelet Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus)-4 Study

Background: Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at increased risk of atherothrombotic events, underscoring the importance of effective platelet inhibiting therapies. Prasugrel and ticagrelor reduce thrombotic complications to a greater extent than clopidogrel. Subgroup analyses of pivotal clinical trials testing prasugrel and ticagrelor versus clopidogrel showed DM patients to have benefits that were consistent with the overall trial populations, although the magnitude of the ischemic risk reduction appeared to be enhanced with prasugrel. Whether these findings may be attributed to differences in the pharmacodynamic profiles of these drugs in DM patients remains poorly explored and represented the aim of this study. Methods: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, crossover pharmacodynamic study, aspirin-treated DM patients (n=50) with coronary artery disease were randomly assigned to receive prasugrel (60 mg loading dose [LD]/10 mg maintenance dose once daily) or ticagrelor (180 mg LD/90 mg maintenance dose twice daily) for 1 week. Pharmacodynamic assessments were conducted using 4 different assays, including VerifyNow P2Y12, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, light transmittance aggregometry, and Multiplate, which allowed us to explore ADP- and non–ADP-induced (arachidonic acid-, collagen-, thrombin receptor-activating, peptide-induced) platelet signaling pathways. The acute (baseline, 30 minutes, and 2 hours post-LD) and maintenance (1 week) effects of therapy were assessed. The primary end point of the study was the comparison of P2Y12 reaction units determined by VerifyNow P2Y12 at 1 week between prasugrel and ticagrelor. Results: ADP- and non–ADP-induced measures of platelet reactivity reduced significantly with both prasugrel and ticagrelor LD and maintenance dose. P2Y12 reaction units defined by VerifyNow were similar between prasugrel and ticagrelor at 30 minutes and 2 hours post-LD. At 1 week, P2Y12 reaction units were significantly lower with ticagrelor than with prasugrel (52 [32–72] versus 83 [63–103]; least-square means difference: –31; 95% confidence interval, –57 to –4; P=0.022; primary end point). Pharmacodynamic assessments measured by vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, light transmittance aggregometry, and Multiplate were similar between prasugrel and ticagrelor at each time point, including at 1 week. Rates of high on-treatment platelet reactivity were similar between groups with all assays at all time points. Conclusions: In DM patients with coronary artery disease, ticagrelor exerts similar or greater inhibition of ADP-induced platelet reactivity in comparison with prasugrel in the acute and chronic phases of treatment, whereas the inhibition of measures of non–ADP-induced platelet reactivity was not significantly different between the 2 agents. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT01852214.
Vulnerabilidad de la flora y vegetación españolas ante el cambio climático

Griffith, D.M. , Coronado, I. , Asa, C. , Polisar, J., Carmona, I. (2012). Vulnerability of the Spanish flora, vegetation to climate change. Ecosistemas 21(3):1-6. Doi. : 10.7818/ECOS.2012. 21-3.01 Vulnerability of the Spanish flora, vegetation to climate change. In this paper we present the results of a research project aiming to evaluate the vulnerability of the Spanish flora, vegetation to climate change. Species distribution models were generated for the current climatic conditions,, projected into modeled future conditions. The estimated evolution of 75 forest taxa, 145 threatened species showed that 23% of the former, 43% of the latter face a high or very high vulnerability risk.
Enhanced optical scattering by microbubbles

Optical properties of microbubbles (EchoGen, Sonus Pharmaceuticals, WA) have been evaluated using a 200 MHz phase modulation system. Studies have shown that the mean optical pathlength has been increased at 754 nm by an average of 1.5 mm (std. 0.46 mm) when EchoGen was administered to 11 Fischer rats at the dose of 100 (mu) l or 150 (mu) l. As a comparison, the mean pathlength has been decreased at the same wavelength by an average of 4.2 mm (std. 3.66 mm) when indocyanine green (ICG) was administered at the dose of 100 (mu) l. The mean pathlength change at 816 nm is very small and the possible reasons are discussed. Potential applications of using microbubbles to provide a co-registration of ultrasound and light images of growing tumors are discussed.
Financial Integration, Exchange Rate Regimes in Ceecs, and Joining the Emu: Just Do it. . .

Candidate countries of central and eastern Europe (CEECs) are suppose to join the EU in 2004, June, which imply that they will face important challenges in the conduct of macroeconomic policy, in order to be able to enter the ERM-II system and eventually enter the EMU (European Monetary Union). Abandoning an independent monetary policy might entail significant costs for countries, which have succeeded in recovering and are in a process of catching-up. However those costs have probably been exaggerated, and their estimation biased by the traditional optimal currency area criteria. The main criticism against a too strong emphasis on the latter rests on two arguments. The first one is that assessing the trade-off for joining the EMU does not deliver the same conclusion ex ante and ex post. Meanwhile, the degree of financial integration will likely increase dramatically, which in turns will decrease the opportunity cost of loosing the monetary policy for absorbing country specific shocks. In a world of capital mobility, the room left for an independent monetary policy is very narrow, maybe close to zero in small, emerging countries, more vulnerable to speculative attacks than countries in the core. The second argument is more empirical. While the link between the exchange rate regime and the fundamentals is rather weak, the political agenda of joining the EU and subsequently the EMU seems to explain the choice of the exchange rate regime.
Conservation—Tourism Partnerships in Western Australia

The diversity of Western Australia's landscapes and the high degree of endemism of the State's plants and animals make their protection important on a world scale. Currently over 20 million hectares of the State are protected in national and marine parks and nature reserves, areas that continue to attract increasing numbers of tourists. Given the vastness of Western Australia, the size of its parks and reserves, their wide dispersal, and relatively small population of taxpayers—external funds and resources have been essential to the management of parks and wildlife and provision of recreation facilities by the Department of Conservation and Land Management (CALM). Nature-based tourism is one significant area of partnership through which the Department can attract resources to meet its mission.CALM is working in a number of arrangements with a range of partners to support conservation and tourism. Partnerships have been established with a large number of organisations including federal, state and local gov.
Evolution of seismic interpretation during the last three decades

The ingredients of seismic interpretation include the right mix of geological and geophysical knowledge, together with a liberal dose of imagination, tempered with a considerable amount of patience. Seismic interpretation is a skill that one acquires with experience, but is constantly reinvigorated with new ideas and tools provided by younger university graduates. The prime ingredients for seismic interpretation are seismic reflection data coupled with a geologic depositional and tectonic model which together provide the framework for integrating borehole, microseismic, and production data resulting in a good reservoir model. Although commonly used in both engineering and environmental applications, most seismic reflection surveys are acquired for oil and gas exploration in both land and offshore areas around the world. Hydrocarbon accumulations are found at varying depths of a few thousand meters below the Earth's surface which are ultimately confirmed by drilling. Because the cost of drilling closely sp.
Dissecting Succulence: Crassulacean Acid Metabolism and Hydraulic Capacitance are Independent Adaptations in Clusia Leaves.

Succulence is found across the world as an adaptation to water-limited niches. The fleshy organs of succulent plants develop via enlarged photosynthetic chlorenchyma and/or achlorophyllous water storage hydrenchyma cells. The precise mechanism by which anatomical traits contribute to drought tolerance is unclear, as the effect of succulence is multifaceted. Large cells are believed to provide space for nocturnal storage of malic acid fixed by crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), whilst also buffering water potentials by elevating hydraulic capacitance (CFT ). Furthermore, the effect of CAM and elevated CFT on growth and water conservation have not been compared, despite the assumption that these adaptations often occur together. We assessed the relationship between succulent anatomical adaptations, CAM, and CFT , across the genus Clusia. In addition, we simulated the effects of CAM and CFT on growth and water conservation during drought using the Photo3 model. Within Clusia leaves, CAM and CFT are independent traits: CAM requires large palisade chlorenchyma cells, whereas hydrenchyma tissue governs interspecific differences in CFT . In addition, our model suggests that CAM supersedes CFT as a means to maximise CO2 assimilation and minimise transpiration during drought. Our study challenges the assumption that CAM and CFT are mutually dependent traits within succulent leaves. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Pharmacists ’ attitudes toward in ﬂ uenza vaccination: does the COVID-19 pandemic make a difference?

Background: In ﬂ uenza vaccine uptake in most European countries remains low, despite the World Health Organization's target of 75%. Community pharmacists play a vital role in promoting vaccination; however, they have been reported to be vaccine-hesitant. This study aimed to investigate changes in pharmacists' attitudes toward in ﬂ uenza vaccination since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as their COVID-19 vaccination intentions. Methods: In December 2020, all members of the Swiss Association of Pharmacists were invited to participate in an on- line,cross-sectionalsurvey.Thisstudyassessedpharmacists'attitudestowardin ﬂ uenzavaccinationbysurveyingin ﬂ u-enzavaccineuptakeduringthe2019 – 20in ﬂ uenzaseasonandpossiblereasonsfortheirdecision(s),inadditiontotheir intentiontoreceiveCOVID-19andseasonalin ﬂ uenzavaccination(s)duringthe2020 – 21in ﬂ uenzaseason.Descriptive analysis and multinomial logistic regression were used to assess predictors of vaccine uptake and intention. Results: Of 5900 Swiss pharmacists, 569 (9.6%) completed the survey. The self-reported in ﬂ uenza vaccination coverage among pharmacists during the 2019 – 20 season was 48.0%. The primary reason for vaccine uptake was the belief that all healthcare workers should be vaccinated, whereas the main reason for refusal was a lack of concern about contracting in ﬂ uenza. The proportions of participants who intend to accept in ﬂ uenza and COVID-19 vaccinations in the 2020 – 2021 season, when available, were 63.3% and 66.5%, respectively. The most important predictor of high willingness to be vaccinated against in ﬂ uenza in 2020 – 21 was vaccination history (OR = 3.73; 95% CI = 1.47 – 9.50), while the most critical predictor of willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 was the intention to be vaccinated against in ﬂ uenza (OR = 3.45; 95% CI = 1.74 – 6.84). Conclusions: Findings indicated that although pharmacists' readiness to accept seasonal in ﬂ uenza vaccination signi ﬁ - cantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, in ﬂ uenza vaccine uptake among them remains suboptimal. This is consistent with what has been reported in the literature.
Waste management and health - A case study in Mbale, Uganda

Sophantering ar av avgorande betydelse for folkhalsan i utvecklingslander. I Uganda ar ett av huvudproblemen for folkets halsa den bristfalliga sophanteringen. For att faststalla problemet har vi genomfort en fallstudie under 10 veckor genom att studera hur sophanteringen fungerar i staden Mbale (Uganda) samt vilka konsekvenser denna far for befolkningens halsa. Intervjuer, observationer och dokument har anvants for att fa en detaljerad beskrivning av fenomenet. Studien ger en bakgrund till vikten av en adekvat sophantering for folkets halsa samt en introduktion till landet Uganda. I resultatet ges en utforlig beskrivning av hur sophanteringen ser ut i Industrial division, Mbale och vilka problem som paverkar den. I diskussionen redogors for underliggande problem utifran A. Sens teori Utveckling som frihet. B. Murphy’s modell The fourth dimension of health promotion anvands for att utvardera det halsoarbete som gors samt ge forslag till forbattring. Problemen kan sammanfattas genom att poangtera vikten av att samhallet tar sitt ansvar for befolkningen bl.a. genom prioritering av infrastrukturen. Langsiktiga och hallbara losningar bottnar i bekampandet av korruption och fattigdom. Det forebyggande halsoarbetet behover forandras till att bli mer empowerment baserat.
Flowering Time Regulated Genes in Maize Include the 1 transcription factor ZmMADS1 2

ZmMADS1 activated during meristem transition acts a in ABSTRACT 35 Flowering time control (FTi) is well examined in the long day plant Arabidopsis and 36 increasing knowledge is available for the short day plant rice. In contrast little is known 37 in the day-neutral and agronomically important crop plant maize. To learn more about 38 FTi and to identify novel regulators in this species we first compared the time points of 39 floral transition of almost 30 maize inbred lines and show that tropical lines exhibit a 40 delay in flowering transition of more than three weeks under long days conditions 41 compared to European flint lines adapted to temperate climate zones. We further 42 analyzed the leaf transcriptomes of four lines that exhibit strong differences in flowering 43 transition to identify new key players of the flowering control network in maize. We 44 found strong differences among regulated genes between these lines and thus assume 45 that the regulation of FTi is very complex in maize. Especially genes encoding MADS-box 46 transcriptional regulators are up-regulated in leaves during meristem transition. 47 ZmMADS1 was selected for functional studies. We demonstrate that it represents a 48 functional ortholog of the central FTi integrator SOC1 of Arabidopsis. RNAi-mediated 49 down-regulation of ZmMADS1 resulted in a delay of FTi in maize, while strong 50 overexpression caused an early flowering phenotype indicating its role as a flowering 51 activator. Taken together we report that ZmMADS1 represents a positive FTi regulator 52 that shares an evolutionary conserved function with SOC1 and may now serve as an 53 ideal stating point to study the integration and variation of FTi pathways also in maize. redefines the current model provides
Created and natural wetlands for controlling nonpoint source pollution

Evaluating the Role of Created and Natural Wetlands in Controlling Nonpoint Source Pollution (R.K. Olson). Introduction to Nonpoint Source Pollution and Wetland Mitigation (L.A. Baker). Landscape Design and the Role of Created, Restored, and Natural Riparian Wetlands in Controlling Nonpoint Source Pollution (W. MiLsch). Designing Constructed Wetlands Systems to Treat Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution (D. Hanirner). Developing Design Guidelines for Constructed Wetlands to Remove Pesticides from Agricultural Runoff (Q.H. Rodgers, jr. and A. Dunn). Ancillary Benefits and Potential Problems with the Use of Wetlands for Nonpoint Source Pollution Control (R. Knight). Regulations and Policies Relating to the Use of Wetlands for Nonpoint Source Pollution Control (S. Fields). The Role of Wetland Water Quality Standards in Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Strategies (D. Robb). Recommendations for Research to Develop Guidelines for the Use of Wetlands to Control Rural Nonpoint Source Pollution (A. van der Valk and R. Jolly). Research and information Needs Related to Nonpoint Source Pollution and Wetlands in the Watershed: An EPA Perspective (B. Ethridge and R.K. Olson). Federal Programs for Wetland Restoration and Use of Wetlands for Nonpoint Source Pollution Control (G. Whitaker and C.R. Terrell).
Stick slip, stable sliding, and earthquakes—Effect of rock type, pressure, strain rate, and stiffness

The magnitude of the stress drops that occur during frictional sliding on ground surfaces and on faults has been studied at confining pressures of as much as 5 kb. It was found that the stiffness of the loading system and the rate at which the load was applied had no effect on the magnitude of the sudden stress drops. Confining pressure and rock type were found to be the most important parameters. For example, sliding on fault surfaces in unaltered silicate rocks at confining pressure below 1 to 2 kb was stable; that is, stick slip was absent. At higher pressures, motion occurred by stick slip, and the magnitude of the stress drop during slip increased with pressure. Stick slip was absent at all pressures in gabbro, in dunite where the minerals are altered to serpentine, and in limestone and porous tuff. These results suggest that, if stick slip on a fault in the earth produces earthquakes, the earthquakes should become more abundant and increasingly severe with depth. Also, if a fault traverses various rock types, then over part of the fault elastic buildup of stress prior to sudden movement may occur at the same time as stable creeping motion elsewhere on the fault.