Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
O XYTOCIN FROM THE P ITUITARY OR FROM THE S YRINGE : I MPORTANCE AND C ONSEQUENCES FOR M ACHINE M ILKING IN D AIRY C OWS

Oxytocin is a neuropeptide hormone which is involved in a number of processes related to reproduction such as mating, delivery, mother-offspring-bonding, and milk ejection. Oxytocin was first detected in 1909 by Henry Dale (UK) as an extract from the pituitary that facilitates the process of delivery. From this effect the name of oxytocin is derived (Greek: okytokos = quick birth). Oxytocin is released from the posterior pituitary in response to stimuli transmitted via the hypothalamus. It was the first peptide hormone to be sequenced and artificially synthesized (du Vigneaud et al., 1953). Vincent du Vigneaud (Cornell University) received the Nobel Prize of Chemistry for this work in 1955. Since then oxytocin is available as a medicinal product for i.m. or i.v. injection to support delivery and milk ejection in animals and human in case of insufficient endogenous release. Within the mammary gland the main action of oxytocin is the control of milk ejection and thus the availability of milk for the offspring or the milking machine. Its timely and adequate release is crucial for a successful milking process.
A Review on Watermarking Techniques for Biometrics

: Watermarks are used for decades to verify and authenticate RGB images. Now days, watermarks are incorporated into digital graphics so that original owners can keep their right and ensure the originality of the digital data. However, the biometric images such as fingerprints, are being transferred over internet daily or in a remote AFAS system where database is on other location, thus increasing risk of attacks during transmission. Receivers need a verification system which can verify the integrity of the content. If the images are watermarked, it is easy for the owner to check and verify the images. Every day, lots of development and improvement is being conducted in different branches of this stream. Steganography is used for secure communication, whereas watermarking is used for image and content protection, copyright saving, content authentication and tamper detecting in this paper we present a thorough survey of current existing and newly developing steganography and watermarking techniques.
Viscous fluid injection into a confined channel

We analyze the injection of a viscous fluid into a two-dimensional horizontal confined channel initially filled with another viscous fluid of different density and viscosity. We study the flow using the lubrication approximation and assume that the mixing between the fluids and their interfacial tension are negligible. When the injection rate is maintained constant, the evolution of the fluid-fluid interface can be described by a nonlinear advection-diffusion equation dependent only on the viscosity ratio between the two fluids. In the early time period, the advection-diffusion equation reduces to a well-known nonlinear diffusion equation, and a self-similar solution is obtained. In the late time period, the advection-diffusion equation is approximated by a nonlinear hyperbolic equation, and a compound wave solution is constructed to describe the time evolution of the fluid-fluid interface. Numerical solutions of the full equation show good agreement with the analytical solutions in both the early and late time periods. Finally, a regime diagram is obtained to summarize the flow behaviours with regard to two dimensionless groups: the viscosity ratio of the two fluids and the dimensionless time; three different dynamical behaviours are identified in the regime diagram: a nonlinear diffusion regime, a hyperbolic regime, and a transition regime. This problem is analogous to the corresponding injection flow problem into a confined porous medium.
Metabolic equivalents during the 10-metre shuttle-walking test for post-MI patients

Objective: Co-morbidities are found to affect metabolic equivalents (METs). Therefore the main objective of this study was to compare METs (1 MET: oxygen uptake (VO 2 ) 3.5 mL·kg - 1 ·min -1 ) during a n incremental shuttle-walking test (SWT) between non-cardiac and post-myocardial infarction (MI) men, and secondly to determine any differences in VO 2 (mL·kg - 1 ·min -1 ) between flat treadmill walking and the turning during the shuttle-walking in non-cardiac subjects . Design : Comparative study. Subjects/patients: 31 post-MI (mean ± SD, 63.5 ± 6.5, range 53-77 yrs) from phase IV cardiac rehabilitation and 19 non-cardiac (64.6 ± 7.5, range 51-76 yrs) men participated. Methods: All subjects performed a SWT, and non-cardiac subjects a treadmill test (TM) of similar protocol. Throughout both, subject’s VO 2 was measured. Results: Analysis comparing lines of regression showed: METs at 1.12 to 4.16 m·h -1 were higher ( P< 0.0001) for post-MIs vs non-cardiacs. For non-cardiacs, there were no differences between the TM and SWT ( P> 0.9) and LoA showed acceptable agreement in METs between TM vs SWT, mean difference -1.1 ± 8.8 (1.96SD). Conclusion: It would appear that for asymptomatic individuals it is appropriate to apply established METs for flat walking to the SWT . However, the significantly higher METs for the post-MIs compared to the non-cardiac subjects indicates the need for caution when using METs derived from healthy subjects in the prescription of exercise for MI patients. al (32) failed to find a significant linear relationship between VO 2 max and shuttles completed in the SWT in ten cardiac and ten rheumatoid arthritis patients. Nevertheless the findings from this study show the use of METs for walking on the flat appear to be valid during shuttle walking in healthy subjects.
Operating System sustain for Restartable File System

-We introduce Membrane, a set of changes to the operating system to support restartable file systems. Membrane allows an operating system to tolerate a broad class of file system failures and does so while remaining transparent to running applications; upon failure, the file system restarts, its state is restored, and pending application requests are serviced as if no failure had occurred. Membrane provides transparent recovery through a lightweight logging and checkpoint infrastructure, and includes novel techniques to improve performance and correctness of its fault-anticipation and recovery machinery. We tested Membrane with ext2, ext3, and VFAT. Through experimentation, we show that Membrane induces little performance overhead and can tolerate a wide range of file system crashes. More critically, Membrane does so with little or no change to existing file systems thus improving robustness to crashes without mandate intrusive changes to existing file-system code.
Hadoop Based Network Traffic Measurement with Scalable Data Processing In Fine Grained Networks

: erfect traffic measurement and monitoring is important in a broad range of network applications such as security attacks, discovery of anomalies and traffic engineering. A numeral important network management decisions like jamming traffic to a victim destination, detection of anomalies, or re-routing of traffic need mining and investigation of real-time spatiotemporal patterns in network traffic. A high class network measurement tool is the key for mining such patterns of significance and making learned decisions to make certain proper network operation. The main aim of this paper is to utilize the Hadoop-based traffic observing system which performs HTTP, IP, TCP and NetFlow analysis on enormous Internet traffic in a scalable manner. Hadoop based traffic observing provides scalable data processing with huge storage services based on a distributed computing system which can be best utilized for traffic measurements.
cause severe neuromuscular junction dysfunction in mice

Myasthenia gravis is a paralytic disorder with auto-antibodies against acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. A proportion of patients instead has antibodies against muscle-specific kinase, a protein essential for acetylcholine receptor clustering. These are generally of the immunoglobulin-G4 subclass and correlate with disease severity, suggesting specific myasthenogenic activity. However, immunoglobulin-G4 subclass antibodies are generally considered to be ‘benign’ and direct proof for their pathogenicity in muscle-specific kinase myasthenia gravis (or other immunoglobulin-G4-associated disorders) is lacking. Furthermore, the exact electrophysiological synaptic defects caused at neuromuscular junctions by human anti-muscle-specific kinase auto-antibodies are hitherto unknown. We show that purified immunoglobulin-G4, but not immunoglobulin-G1-3, from patients with muscle-specific kinase myasthenia gravis binds to mouse neuromuscular junctions in vitro , and that injection into immunodeficient mice causes paralysis. Injected immunoglobulin-G4 caused reduced density and fragmented area of neuromuscular junction acetylcholine receptors. Detailed electrophysiological synaptic analyses revealed severe reduction of postsynaptic acetylcholine sensitivity, and exaggerated depression of presynaptic acetylcholine release during high-rate activity, together causing the (fatigable) muscle weakness. Intriguingly, compensatory transmitter release upregulation, which is the normal homeostatic response in acetylcholine receptor myasthenia gravis, was absent. This conveys extra vulnerability to neurotransmission at muscle-specific kinase myasthenia gravis neuromuscular junctions. Thus, we demonstrate that patient anti-muscle-specific kinase immunoglobulin-G4 is myasthenogenic, independent of additional immune system components, and have elucidated the underlying electrophysiological neuromuscular junction abnormalities. So far, only IgG4 (directed against an epidermal protein) in a variant of the autoimmune blistering disease pemphigus has been shown to cause blisters upon intradermal injection of mice (73,74). However, the precise pathological effects were not clarified. We are the first to demonstrate pathogenic action of an IgG4 auto-antibody on the neuromuscular system. The results may provide rationale for selective IgG4 depletion from MuSK myasthenia gravis patient plasma as therapy, rather than the currently practiced total plasmapheresis (75).
Chapter 3: LIMK1 and LIMK2 are important for metastatic behaviour and tumour cell-induced angiogenesis of pancreatic cancer cells

The two LIM kinases, LIMK1 and LIMK2, are members of the PDZ/LIM family. These serine/threonine protein kinases are involved in actin cytoskeleton reorganization through phosphorylation and inactivation of ADF (actin depolymerizing factor)/cofilin. Different subcellular localizations of LIMK1 and LIMK2 suggest different functions. Whereas LIMK1 is implicated in microtubule disassembly in endothelial- and cancer cells, activation of LIMK2 plays a role in cell cycle progression. To compare the role of the two LIM kinases in cancer related processes, we used a cell-based in vitro migration assay, as well as two zebrafish xenograft assays. We analyzed here the metastatic behaviour and tumour cell-induced neovascularization of pancreatic cancer cells in which both LIM Kinase genes were silenced by siRNAs. Both LIMK1 and LIMK2 single knock down led to a reduction of invasion and metastatic behaviour in the zebrafish xenograft metastasis assay. Interestingly, the double knock down completely blocked invasion and formation of micrometastasis in vivo . Moreover, in the zebrafish xenograft angiogenesis assay, we observed a reduction of pancreatic cancer cell-induced angiogenesis for both of the LIMK1 and the LIMK2 knock downs. Our results demonstrate similar functions for the two LIM kinases in pancreatic cancer cells and suggest an important role for both, LIMK1 and LIMK2, in tumour progression and metastasis formation.
Characterization of a new regulatory CD4 + T cell subset in primary Sjo¨gren’s syndrome RHEUMATOLOGY

Objective. CD4 + CD25 low GITR + T lymphocytes expressing FoxP3 and showing regulatory function have been recently described in healthy donors (HD). The objective of the study was to investigate their presence and role in patients with primary SS (pSS). Methods. CD4 + CD25 low GITR + cells circulating in peripheral blood (PB) of patients with pSS were isolated by MACS technique, their phenotype was studied by flow cytometry and real-time PCR, and their function was studied by in vitro co-culture. CD4 + CD25 low GITR + cells infiltrating salivary glands (SGs) were revealed by immunohistochemistry. Results. Results indicated that conventional CD4 + CD25 high regulatory T cells (Tregs) are decreased, whereas CD4 + CD25 low GITR + cells are expanded in the PB of pSS as compared with HD. Phenotypic analysis demonstrated that CD4 + CD25 low GITR + cells display Treg markers, including FoxP3, TGF- b and IL-10, and functional experiments demonstrated that they exert a strong inhibitory activity against autologous effector cells. CD4 + CD25 low GITR + cells were detectable in great number in the SG inflammatory infiltrate. Interestingly, PB CD4 + CD25 low GITR + cell expansion was evident only in patients with inactive disease, while conventional CD4 + CD25 high Treg number was not associated with disease activity. Conclusion. The present data demonstrate that circulating CD4 + cells expressing GITR, but with low levels of CD25 (CD4 + CD25 low GITR + ), are detectable in pSS patients. These cells, displaying Treg phenotype and function, are present in SG inflamed tissues and are expanded in the PB of subjects with inactive disease. Data suggest that the expansion of CD4 + CD25 low GITR + cells in pSS may represent a counter-regulatory attempt against autoimmune-driven inflammation and may provide a new target for future treatment strategies.
Protein Folding by Domain V of Escherichia coli 23S rRNA: Speciﬁcity of RNA-Protein Interactions (cid:1) †

The peptidyl transferase center, present in domain V of 23S rRNA of eubacteria and large rRNA of plants and animals, can act as a general protein folding modulator. Here we show that a few speciﬁc nucleotides in Escherichia coli domain V RNA bind to unfolded proteins and, as shown previously, bring the trapped proteins to a folding-competent state before releasing them. These nucleotides are the same for the proteins studied so far: bovine carbonic anhydrase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and chicken egg white lysozyme. The amino acids that interact with these nucleotides are also found to be speciﬁc in the two cases tested: bovine carbonic anhydrase and lysozyme. They are either neutral or positively charged and are present in random coils on the surface of the crystal structure of both the proteins. In fact, two of these amino acid-nucleotide pairs are identical in the two cases. How these features might help the process of protein folding is discussed. Ribosomes from various sources have shown protein-folding activity in vitro (1, 13, 14, 23). This cross-linked domain V-protein 32 3-deoxynucleoside triphosphate method, using four deoxynucleoside triphosphates M sequencing domain V Sequenase DNA cycle
Melt-textured YBa2Cu3O7 based material doped with Li and Zn: Comparison of high trapped fields and pinning

The pinning forces and trapped fields obtained in bulk YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO)-based material doped with Li are compared with results reported for melt-processed samples doped with Zn. The increase of the volume pinning force of Li doped material is twice that of Zn doped YBCO at 77 K. This leads to 20% higher magnetic fields trapped in the Li-doped sample at 77 K.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF MOUNTAIN NEEM ( MELIA AZEDARACH) IN THE AREAS OF WOLLEGA UNIVERSITY, NEKEMTE, ETHIOPIA.

Mountain Neem ( Melia azedarach ) trees are found in the campus of Wollega University as ornamental plant. This study used to find out the medicinal properties of Melia azedarach . It used as home medicine in India and it may contains more bioactive compounds to treat various diseases such as Diabetes, Skin diseases and some plant diseases, etc., In this study the crude extracts of Mountain neem examined to determine the antimicrobial activities using Disc diffusion assay method against Five bacterial and TLC bioautography against two fungal pathogens(Bacterial pathogens: Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E.coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Fungal pathogens: Candida sp., Aspergillus sp., and Botrytis ceneria) . The Ethyl acetate extract of Melia azedarach exhibited broad spectral activity against both bacterial and fungal pathogens. Methonolic extracts exhibited highest activity on Aspergillus niger , Candida albicans and Bacillus subtilis . Medium activity by aqueous extract on E.coli . Therefore the crude extracts of Mountain neem exhibited Antibacterial and antifungal activities. The active compound isolation and identification is necessary to find out the pharmacological important compounds to treat various diseases.
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Bias and Controversy in Evaluation Systems

In this paper, we investigate how deviation in evaluation ac-tivities may reveal bias on the part of reviewers and controversy on the part of evaluated objects. We focus on a ‘data-centric approach’ where the evaluation data is assumed to represent the ‘ground truth’. The standard statistical approaches take evaluation and deviation at face value. We argue that attention should be paid to the subjectivity of evaluation, judging the evaluation score not just on ‘what is being said’ (deviation), but also on ‘who says it’ (reviewer) as well as on ‘whom it is said about’ (object). Furthermore, we observe that bias and controversy are mutually dependent, as there is more bias if there is higher deviation on a less controversial object. To address this mutual dependency, we propose a reinforcement model to identify bias and controversy. We test our model on real-life data to verify its applicability.
B ANKING R EGULATION AND P ROMPT C ORRECTIVE A CTION

We explore the rationale for regulatory rules that prohibit banks from developing some of their natural activities when their capital level is low, as epitomized by the US Prompt Corrective Action (PCA). This paper is built on two insights. First, in a moral hazard setting, capital requirement regulation may force banks to hold a large fraction of safe assets which, in turn, may lower their incentives to monitor risky assets. Second, agency problems may be more severe in certain asset classes than in others. Taken together, these two ideas explain why, surprisingly, capital regulation, which may cope with risk and adverse selection, is unable to address issues related to moral hazard. Hence, instead of forcing banks to hold a large fraction of safe assets, prohibiting some types of investment and allowing ample scope of investment on others may be the only way to preserve incentives and guarantee funding. In particular, providing incentives to monitor investments in the most opaque asset classes may prove to be excessively costly in terms of the required capital and thus inefficient. We show that the optimal capital regulation consists of a rule that a) allows well capitalized banks to freely invest any amount in any risky asset, b) prohibits banks with intermediate levels of capital to invest in the most opaque risky assets, and c) prohibits undercapitalized banks to invest in any risky asset. JEL Code: E58, G21.
publications Good 150oC Retention and Fast Erase Characteristics in Charge-Trap-Engineered Memory having a Scaled Si3N4 Layer

We report a new charge-trap-engineered flash non-volatile memory that has combined 5nm Si 3 N 4 and 0.9nm EOT HfON trapping layers, within double-barrier and double-tunnel layers. At 150 o C under a 100 µ s and ± 16V P/E, this device showed good device integrity of a 5.6V initial Δ V th window and 3.8V 10-year extrapolated retention window. These data are better than the 3.3V initial Δ V th and 1.7V 10-year data for a similar structure not having the extra HfON layer.
Brief report Endothelial colony-forming cells from patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders lack the disease-speciﬁc molecular clonality marker

Twoputativetypesofcirculatingendothelial progenitor cells have been recently identi-ﬁed in vitro: (1) endothelial colony-forming cell (ECFC) and (2) colony-forming unit– endothelialcell(CFU-EC). Onlytheformeris now recognized to belong to endothelial lineage. We have used the ECFC and CFU-EC assays to readdress the issue of the clonal relation between endothelial progenitor cells and hematopoietic stem cells in patients with Philadelphia-positive and Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders. Both ECFCs and CFU-ECs were cultured from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and either BCR-ABL rearrangement or JAK2-V617F mutation were assessed in both types of endothelial colo-nies.WefoundthatECFCslackthedisease- speciﬁc markers, which are otherwise present in CFU-ECs, thus reinforcing the concept that the latter belongs to the hematopoietic lineage, and showing that in chronicmyeloproliferativedisordersthecell that gives rise to circulating ECFC has a distinctoriginfromthecellofthehematopoi-etic malignant clone. (Blood. 2009;114: 3127-3130)
reflecting diffusion

We study the optimal dividend problem for a ﬁrm’s manager who has partial information on the proﬁtability of the ﬁrm. The problem is formulated as one of singular stochastic control with partial information on the drift of the underlying process and with absorption. In the Markovian formulation, we have a 2-dimensional degenerate diﬀusion, whose ﬁrst component is singularly controlled and it is absorbed as it hits zero. The free boundary problem (FBP) associated to the value function of the control problem is challenging from the analytical point of view due to the inter-play of degeneracy and absorption. We ﬁnd a probabilistic way to show that the value function of the dividend problem is a smooth solution of the FBP and to construct an optimal dividend strategy. Our approach establishes a new link between mul-tidimensional singular stochastic control problems with absorption and problems of optimal stopping with ‘creation’. One key feature of the stopping problem is that creation occurs at a state-dependent rate of the ‘local-time’ of an auxiliary 2-dimensional reﬂecting diﬀusion.
Change Prediction and Change Removal: Supervised and Unsupervised Learning for Visual Place Recognition in Changing Environments

—This paper presents a novel unsupervised change removal technique and compares it to a conventional supervised change prediction learning technique under a wide range of place recognition conditions. We show that change removal outperforms change prediction, and that while change prediction fails catastrophically if provided with inappropriate training data, change removal can improve place recognition performance by up to 900% even when trained under the wrong appearance conditions. Change removal is also shown to improve place recognition performance when trained with as few as 100 samples, and out-performs state-of-the-art place recognition systems that use illumination invariant images and deep learning features. Change removal can be integrated with many visual place recognition systems, and this paper shows that change removal improves performance when combined with a number of image descriptors, and with the sequence-based system SeqSLAM. Furthermore, when integrated with an appropriate deep learning feature, change removal can improve performance across viewpoint change as well as appearance change.