Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prosodic interaction between speakers of American and British English.

Previous work has found that interaction between speakers influences their production, in that phonetic similarity of the speakers to each other increases [Sancier and Fowler, J. Phonetics 25, 421–426 (1995); Pardo, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 119, 2382–2393 (2006); and Tobin, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 125, 2757 (2009)]. These studies have mostly focused on segmental properties of speech. Little is known, however, about how prosodic properties of speech are affected in conversational interaction. An experiment is presented that examines the interaction between native speakers of British English and American English. Using the synchronous speech paradigm [Cummins, ARLO 3, 7–11 (2002) and Zvonik and Cummins, in Proceedings of the Eurospeech 2003 (2003), pp. 777–780] where two speakers read sentences at the same time, we examine how speakers influence each other at the prosodic level. Eight subjects (4 dyads), each consisting of one British and one American speaker, read the following: a short story that contained four wo.
Characterising quantum dot concentrators

Luminescent collectors have advantages over geometric concentrators in that tracking is unnecessary and both direct and diffuse radiation can be collected. However, their development has been limited by the performance of luminescent dyes. The authors have recently proposed a novel concentrator in which the dyes are replaced by quantum dots (QDs). The advantages over dyes are: the absorption threshold can be tuned by choice of dot diameter, the red-shift between absorption and luminescence is related to the spread of dot sizes and high luminescence quantum efficiency (QE) has been observed. In this paper, the authors discuss how they have adapted a thermodynamic model to allow for re-absorption in QDs. They find that the amount of overlap of the absorption and luminescence has a strong effect on the efficiency. They show how to use the model to characterise the QDs and the concentrator by measuring the luminescence as a function of position.
The collapsed cubic isoparametric element as a ingular element for crack probblems

For the 12−node quadrilateral isoparametric elements, it is shown that the inverse square root singularity of the strain field at the crack tip can be obtained by the simple technique of collapsing the quadrilateral elements into triangular elements around the crack tip and placing the two side nodes of each side of the triangles at 1/9 and 4/9 of the length of the side from the tip. This is analogous to placing the mid−side nodes at quarter points in the vicinity of the crack tip for the quadratic isoparametric elements. The advantages of this method are that the displacement compatibility is satisfied throughout the region and that there is no need of special crack tip elements. The stress intensity factors can be accurately obtained by using general purpose programs having isoparametric elements such as NASTRAN.
Empfehlungen zur Malariaprophylaxe

Einleitung Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG) erarbeitet jährlich Empfehlungen zu Reiseimpfungen und zur Malariaprophylaxe. Autoren sind die Mitglieder des Ständigen Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der DTG. Dieser setzt sich aus Expertinnen und Experten der großen Tropeninstitute und tropenmedizinischen Abteilungen, des Auswärtigen Amts, der Bundeswehr, der Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), der Arbeitsmedizin, der Flug medizin und maritimen Medizin sowie des niedergelassenen Bereichs zusammen. Im StAR ist damit ein großer Teil der reisemedizinischen Expertise in Deutschland vertreten. Der StAR arbeitet zudem eng mit dem schweizerischen Expertenkomitee für Reisemedizin (EKRM) zusammen. Ziel ist eine Harmonisierung der Malariaempfehlungen im deutschsprachigen Raum.
Solution of Generalized Geometric Programs

A cutting plane algorithm for the solution of generalized geometric programs with bounded variables is described and then illustrated by the detailed solution of a small numerical example. Convergence of this algorithm to a Kuhn-Tucker point of the program is assured if an initial feasible solution is available to initiate the algorithm. An algorithm for determining a feasible solution to a set of generalized posynomial inequalities which may be used to find a global minimum to the program as well as test for consistency of the constraint set, is also presented. Finally an application in optimal engineering design with seven variables and fourteen nonlinear inequality constraints is formulated and solved.
Stellar-mass black hole binaries as ultraluminous X-ray sources

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) with L x > 10 39 erg s -1 have been discovered in great numbers in external galaxies with ROSAT, Chandra and XMM-Newton. The central question regarding this important class of sources is whether they represent an extension in the luminosity function of binary X-ray sources containing neutron stars and stellar-mass black holes (BHs), or a new class of objects, e.g. systems containing intermediate-mass BHs (100-1000 M ○. ). We have carried out a theoretical study to test whether a large fraction of the ULXs, especially those in galaxies with recent star formation activity, can be explained with binary systems containing stellar-mass BHs. To this end, we have applied a unique set of binary evolution models for BH X-ray binaries, coupled to a binary population synthesis code, to model the ULXs observed in external galaxies. We find that for donor stars with initial masses > 10 M ○. the mass transfer driven by the normal nuclear evolution of the donor star is sufficient to potentially power most ULXs. This is the case during core hydrogen burning and, to an even more pronounced degree, while the donor star ascends the giant branch, although the latter phases last only ∼5 per cent of the main-sequence phase. We show that with only a modest violation of the Eddington limit, e.g. a factor of ∼10, both the numbers and properties of the majority of the ULXs can be reproduced. One of our conclusions is that if stellar-mass BH binaries account for a significant fraction of ULXs in star-forming galaxies, then the rate of formation of such systems is ∼3 × 10 -7 yr -1 normalized to a core-collapse supernova rate of 0.01 yr -1 .
MAGNETO-OPTICAL RECORDING WITH OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC FIELD MODULATION METHODS

- The magneto-optical recording characteristics of three types of DyFeCo films were measured using three recording methods the optical modulation method, the magnetic field modulation method and the laser off method in which the laser power was lowered only while the magnetic field was changing. The laser off method improved the C/N in the low external magnetic field. Moreover, the erC;isabili ty in the laser off method was investigated, and the value of -30dB was achieved.
Radiation and guided waves

An analysis is carried out of the field radiated by a dipole in an arbitrary medium separated from others by parallel plane interfaces. The resulting solution in the form of a contour integral is then examined in relation to the intrinsic properties of the media involved and the position of the antenna. The solution is obtained by splitting the integral into pole residues and branch-cut-integral; the latter is evaluated by developing it into a suitable asymptotic series. It is shown that depending on conditions modal-type propagation can take place between the parallel interfaces in addition to radiation field. Distinction is drawn between proper modes, quasimodes, surface waves, leaky waves and radiation field. All these waves are needed in the complete description of the field, and their relative intensities are evaluated. Extreme cases are considered in which the media involved pass into good conductors on one hand and perfect dielectrics on the other. Surface waves appear as a particular case of the more general problem considered (or as a part of the solution) and they form just one piece of a complete jig-saw, though under certain specifically simple conditions these waves appear to have some rather unique properties. In general (with the exception of perfectly conducting tubular waveguides) it is shown that no mode can exist on its own but rather in conjunction with other modes (including surface waves) and the radiation field.
Neue Studie zur Prävention von Typ-1-Diabetes

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Jedes Jahr erkranken etwa 2300 Kinder in Deutschland an einem Typ-1-Diabetes. Die Neuerkrankungsrate steigt dramatisch, durchschnittlich um 6,2 % pro Jahr. Die Freder1k 1 -Studie – ein erhöhtes Typ-1-Diabetesrisiko früh erkennen und vorbeugend handeln – ist Teil einer europäischen Programminitiative zur Prävention von Typ-1-Diabetes. Dieses Programm hat zum Ziel, schon bei Neugeborenen ein erhöhtes Typ-1-Diabetesrisiko zu erfassen, um dann Betroffene im nächsten Schritt präventiv behandeln zu können. Um die Kinder zu identifizieren, die ein erhöhtes Risiko für Typ-1-Diabetes tragen, können alle Neugeborenen und Säuglinge in Bayern seit dem letzten Jahr im Zuge der Freder1k-Studie getestet werden (www.aworldwithout1.com).
Aktueller Stand der PSMA-PET-Diagnostik beim Prostatakarzinom

Dieser Artikel gibt ein Update zum aktuellen Stand der PSMA-PET-Diagnostik beim Prostatakarzinom. Dabei soll auf die Schwerpunkte des Primärstagings und der Diagnostik beim biochemischen Rezidiv eingegangen sowie Aspekte aus uroonkologischer und strahlentherapeutischer Sicht miteinbezogen werden. Durch die andauernde Weiterentwicklung und Optimierung der PSMA-gerichteten Tracer bekommt die molekulare Bildgebung mittels PET / CT einen immer höheren Stellenwert in dem Patientenmanagement, was sich auch in der expliziten Erwähnung aktuellster nationaler sowie internationaler Leitlinien widerspiegelt.
Dialyse bei Diabetes

Zusammenfassung Der Diabetes mellitus ist trotz besserer Blutzucker- und Blutdruckeinstellung nach wie vor die häufigste Grunderkrankung beim Auftreten einer terminalen Niereninsuffizienz. Sofern eine Nierentransplantation nicht möglich ist, sind Hämodialyse und Peritonealdialyse bei der diabetischen Dialysepopulation als gleichwertige Verfahren anzusehen. Dieser Artikel fasst aktuelle epidemiologische, diagnostische und therapeutische Aspekte von Diabetikern an Dialyse zusammen.
Wave mode and path characteristics in a four-layered anisotropic forest environment

A four-layered forest geometry with two anisotropic slabs representing canopy and trunk is used for the investigation of wave characteristics in forest environment. Propagation of radio waves is examined in which the transmitter is embedded inside the forest, while the receiving point is located either inside the forest or above the vegetation. Dyadic Green's functions in their eigenfunction expansion forms for planarly layered anisotropic media are applied to analyze this problem. The analytical close forms of these electric fields are then obtained by using the saddle point techniques, and branch cut integrations in the complex plane and, hence, expressed in terms of quasidirect wave, multiply reflected waves, and lateral waves. Propagation mechanisms of these waves are studied and radio losses in a typical forest are calculated numerically.
DAE-IHOG: An Improved Method for Classification Malware

Among grayscale image-based malware classification methods, the histogram of gradients (HOG) is a mainstream image feature descriptor. HOG considers the gradient magnitude and gradient direction of individual pixels in feature processing, which makes it possible to solve the problem of malware variants. However, HOG ignores the difference in the degree of contribution of different parts of the malware image to the classification, resulting in low classification accuracy. Meanwhile, the high dimensionality of HOG features can make the computational overhead of the classification model high. Thus, this paper proposes an improved malware classification method, named deep autoencoder and improved HOG (DAE-IHOG), which obtains improved HOG features (IHOG) by using statistical feature information of blocks of different sizes and introduces a deep autoencoder to downscale the high-dimensional IHOG features. Finally, a soft voting strategy is used to further aggregate the output of the ensemble model to obtain the final classification accuracy. Experimental results show that compared with the HOG-based method, the classification accuracy of the proposed method is improved by 5.12% and the computation time is reduced by 93.8%.
Introduction to Adaptive Methods for Differential Equations

Knowing thus the Algorithm of this calculus, which I call Differential Calculus, all differential equations can be solved by a common method (Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, 1646–1719). When, several years ago, I saw for the first time an instrument which, when carried, automatically records the number of steps taken by a pedestrian, it occurred to me at once that the entire arithmetic could be subjected to a similar kind of machinery so that not only addition and subtraction, but also multiplication and division, could be accomplished by a suitably arranged machine easily, promptly and with sure results…. For it is unworthy of excellent men to lose hours like slaves in the labour of calculations, which could safely be left to anyone else if the machine was used…. And now that we may give final praise to the machine, we may say that it will be desirable to all who are engaged in computations which, as is well known, are the managers of financial affairs, the administrators of others estates, merchants, surveyors, navigators, astronomers, and those connected with any of the crafts that use mathematics (Leibniz).
The MESA accelerator

The MESA accelerator will operate for particle and nuclear physics experiments in two different modes. A first option is conventional c.w. acceleration yielding 150-200MeV spin-polarized external beam. Second, MESA will be operated as a superconducting multi-turn energy recovery linac (ERL), opening the opportunity to perform experiments with a windowless target with beam current of up to 10 mA. The perspectives for innovative experiments with such a machine are discussed together with a sketch of the accelerator physics issues that have to be solved.
The orbital dynamics and collisional transport of trace massive impurity ions in rotating tokamaks

Massive impurity ions in rotating tokamak plasmas have mean toroidal velocities that can greatly exceed the thermal speed of those ions. The effects of this hypersonic rotation on particle orbits and collisional transport are explored in the trace limit by considering the role of centrifugal and Coriolis forces in a co-rotating frame. Impurity ions of sufficiently high mass are deeply trapped by a centrifugal potential well in the outer plasma midplane, with a bounce period that is shorter than both the bounce period of magnetically trapped ions and the collision time. The collisional diffusivity in this regime is shown to be higher than that of a non-rotating plasma. Irrespective of the collisionality regime, it is demonstrated that the interaction of massive impurity ions with bulk ions leads to an outward advection that is proportional to the impurity ion mass and can exceed the pinch velocity associated with the loop voltage. Due to modifications to the effective magnetic field arising from the Coriolis force, the increase in transport is greatest for relatively low charge states of massive impurity ions in plasmas rotating in the same direction as the plasma current. These effects are quantified analytically and using test-particle simulations of tungsten (W) and molybdenum (Mo) transport in transonically rotating spherical tokamak plasmas. It is shown that the collisional confinement time of W ions in such plasmas can be two orders of magnitude shorter than the confinement time in the absence of rotation.
Room-temperature bonding method for polymer substrate of flexible electronics by surface activation using nano-adhesion layers

A sealing method for polymer substrates to be used in flexible electronics is studied. For this application, a low-temperature sealing method that achieves flexible bonding of inorganic bonding material is required, but no conventional technique satisfies these requirements simultaneously. In this study, a new polymer bonding method using thin Si and Fe layers and the surface activated bonding (SAB) method are applied to bond poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) films to each other. PEN films can be bonded via the proposed method without voids at room temperature, and the bonded samples are bendable. The adhesion strength of the bonded samples is so strong that fracture occurs in the polymer bulk rather than at the bond interface. Investigations of the bonded samples by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) reveal that bonding is achieved by chemical interactions between the polymer surface and deposited atoms.
A closed-form solution for the reconstruction of a convex polyhedron from its extended Gaussian image

The extended Gaussian image (EGI) of a polyhedron is a compact representation of a polyhedral object and is unique for convex polyhedra. A set of equations is developed, the solution of which reconstructs the polyhedron. The concepts of an augmented EGI, cross-adjacency, and fictitious EGI points are introduced and utilized in the recovery of the adjacency of faces. An example is included to illustrate the use of this technique. <<ETX>>
Broadband tuning of external cavity bound-to-continuum quantum-cascade lasers

A quantum-cascade structure based on a bound-to-continuum design exhibiting a broad gain curve is presented. The full width at half maximum of the measured luminescence spectrum is 297 cm−1 at room temperature. Grating-coupled external cavity lasers using this active region could be tuned over 150 cm−1 (1.45 μm), which is equal to 15% of the free running wavelength (λ≅10 μm), in pulsed mode at room temperature. Time resolved spectra showed a single-mode operation with a 30 dB side mode suppression ratio after the first 12 ns of the pulse.
Hobbit: A Tool for Contextual Equivalence Checking Using Bisimulation Up-to Techniques

We present a bounded equivalence veriﬁcation tool called Hobbit for higher-order programs with local state—based on a subset of OCaml—that combines fully abstract symbolic environmental bisimulations , novel up-to techniques , and lightweight invariant annotations . The tool reports no false positives or negatives, can automatically detect all inequivalences, and is able to automatically or semi-automatically prove many equivalences, including all classical Meyer and Sieber equivalences.
Defining regions of normal and anomalous skin effect of sintered Bi-based superconductors by the SRPM method

An attempt to develop a method to simultaneously estimate both the resistivity /spl rho/ and the magnetic penetration depth /spl lambda/ by vectorially measuring the difference in the impedance between two circular solenoid coils, one with and the other without a cylindrical superconductor, has been made. It was ascertained that the regions of normal and anomalous skin effect can be defined from the frequency dependence of the difference in the impedance between the two coils. The mean free path of electrons l is evaluated by applying the frequency dependence of the difference in the impedance of the coils to the anomalous skin effect region. The values of /spl rho/, /spl lambda/ and l of Bi-based sintered bulks with different J/sub c/ were evaluated at liquid N/sub 2/ temperature.
Adaptive linearly constrained inverse QRD-RLS beamforming algorithm for moving jammers suppression

A general, linearly constrained (LC) recursive least squares (RLS) array-beamforming algorithm, based on an inverse QR decomposition, is developed for suppressing moving jammers efficiently. In fact, by using the inverse QR decomposition-recursive least squares (QRD-RLS) algorithm approach, the least-squares (LS) weight vector can be computed without back substitution and is suitable for implementation using a systolic array to achieve fast convergence and good numerical properties. The merits of this new constrained algorithm are verified by evaluating the performance, in terms of the learning curve, to investigate the convergence property and numerical efficiency, and the output signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio. We show that our proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional linearly constrained LMS (LCLMS) algorithm, and the one using the fast linear constrained RLS algorithm and its modified version.
The role of magnetic helicity for field line diffusion and drift

Aims. This paper discusses the systematic drift of magnetic field lines under the influence of asymmetric turbulence where the asymmetry is caused by Alfven wave helicity. Methods. The basic method of investigation is numerically tracing random magnetic field lines to discuss the average displacement of field lines owing to the asymmetric turbulence. Results. The main result is that as long as one has any non-zero degree of asymmetric turbulence, there is a systematic drift of field lines on average; an effect not seen when the turbulence is taken to be symmetric. This result implies that diffusion of field lines takes place relative to the mean drift and so alters the consequences for discussions of field line diffusion.
Paradigms and puzzles in the theory of dynamical systems

A self-contained exposition is given of an approach to mathematical models, in particular, to the theory of dynamical systems. The basic ingredients form a triptych, with the behavior of a system in the center, and behavioral equations with latent variables as side panels. The author discusses a variety of representation and parametrization problems, in particular, questions related to input/output and state models. The proposed concept of a dynamical system leads to a new view of the notions of controllability and observability, and of the interconnection of systems, in particular, to what constitutes a feedback control law. The final issue addressed is that of system identification. It is argued that exact system identification leads to the question of computing the most powerful unfalsified model. >
Finite wordlength design of digital Kalman filters for state estimation

The optimal design of a Kalman filter is considered with respect to its finite wordlength (FWL) characteristics taking into account the roundoff noise due to state quantization. The issues are particularly relevant in the design of FWL Kalman filters for continuous-time systems operating under a fast sampling rate. In this respect, the results demonstrate one compromise between the selection of the sampling rate and the selection of the state wordlength. The optimum filter structure includes state residue feedback compensation which can result in the saving of many bits of additional state wordlength.