Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EU compliance: Still a ‘black hole’?

Abstract This paper assesses whether EU compliance is still a ‘black hole’, reviewing two decades of research on this topic. It is argued that the first wave of scholarship was rather eclectic in nature, suggesting numerous legal and politico-administrative explanations. The second wave focused on the goodness of fit hypothesis. As the empirical support for this hypothesis has been rather disappointing, the consensus now seems to be that domestic politics needs to enter the equation in a more explicit fashion. The current challenge is to theorize and research the exact role and effects of domestic politics on processes of compliance. In doing so, scholars are advised to pay more attention to methodological issues, such as case selection. Finally, scholarship on compliance should shed more light on the actual size of the implementation deficit, especially when it comes to application and enforcement.
Transverse modes in large-mode-area fibers

This thesis is devoted to the study of transverse modes in large-mode-area (LMA) fibers. It highlights the importance of transverse spatial-hole burning (TSHB) effect in LMA multimode fibers through experiments and simulations. The measured beam-quality factor decreases until the gain becomes saturated in an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source based on an Yb-doped LMA multimode fiber. At saturation, the beam-quality factor reaches a minimum, beyond which it increases again. Numerical simulation trends based on a model using spatially resolved gain and transverse-mode decomposition of the optical field agree with the experimental results. A simplified model without TSHB is shown not fit to predict the observed behavior of beam quality in LMA fibers, especially at high powers. A comparison of both models shows that TSHB is also critical for properly modeling beam quality in LMA fiber amplifiers. New precise modal decomposition methods for field distribution with phase information and intensity distribution without phase information respectively, are presented and extended to single-mode fiber characterization. In these new methods, different mode sets are calculated using varied sets of fiber parameters, and the modal power weights of each set are calculated using the experimentally extracted field or intensity distributions of the beam. The remaining residue is then minimized amongst the mode sets to extract the corresponding modal power weighting, phase differences, and even experimental fiber parameters. Experiments are carried out for both single-
INCENTIVOS CONTRATUAIS PARA A REALIZAÇÃO DE ESCOLHAS DE PRÁTICAS CONTÁBEIS: ESTUDO DE CASOS DE EMPRESAS LISTADAS NO NOVO MERCADO

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo e analisar os tipos de metricas (contabeis e nao contabeis) e suas caracteristicas, incluidas nos planos de incentivos de curto e longo prazo utilizados para avaliar o desempenho (e calculo do valor da remuneracao variavel) da alta administracao das empresas de capital aberto. As evidencias identificadas nos relatorios produzidos pelas empresas selecionadas sobre as caracteristicas da remuneracao dos administradores permitem concluir que os pesquisadores devem evitar a utilizacao de informacoes gerais, como a existencia de participacao nos resultados (variavel do tipo “dummy”) e o valor global da remuneracao dos administradores, como variaveis na especificacao dos incentivos que os administradores possuem para efetuarem escolhas de praticas contabeis. As evidencias apresentadas tem uma significativa importância em apontar aspectos que devem ser levados em consideracao na construcao de variaveis representativas da hipotese dos planos de incentivos. Outra implicacao relevante e a necessidade de os orgaos reguladores, especialmente, a Comissao de Valores Mobiliarios, exigirem das empresas uma adequada apresentacao dos indicadores contabeis e financeiros utilizados no calculo da remuneracao variavel da alta administracao das empresas sob sua supervisao. Palavras-Chave: Gerenciamento de resultados; Escolhas de praticas contabeis; Remuneracao variavel; Indicadores contabeis; ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to analyze the types of metrics (accounting and non accounting) and their characteristics, included in bonus plan used to evaluate the performance (and calculating the value of the bonus plan) of the top management of public companies. The evidence identified in the reports of companies selected on the characteristics of managers' compensation to the conclusion that researchers should avoid using general proxies such as the existence of profit sharing (dummy) and the aggregate value of the remuneration of administrators, as variables in the specification of the incentives that managers have to effect the accounting choices. The evidence presented has a significant importance in pointing out aspects that must be taken into consideration in the construction of variables representing the bonus plan hypothesis. Another important aspect is the need for regulators, especially the Securities and Exchange Commission (CVM), companies require an adequate presentation of accounting and non accounting metrics used to calculate the bonus plan of top management of companies. Keywords: Earnings management; Accounting choice; Bonus pla; Accounting metrics.
Power Analysis for Conjoint Experiments

Conjoint experiments aiming to estimate average marginal component effects and related quantities have become a standard tool for social scientists. However, existing solutions for power analyses to find appropriate sample sizes for such studies have various shortcomings and accordingly, explicit sample size planning is rare. Based on recent advances in statistical inference for factorial experiments, we derive simple yet generally applicable formulae to calculate power and minimum required sample sizes for testing average marginal component effects (AMCEs), conditional AMCEs, as well as interaction effects in forced-choice conjoint experiments. The only input needed are expected effect sizes. Our approach only assumes random sampling of individuals or randomization of profiles and avoids any parametric assumption. Furthermore, we show that clustering standard errors on individuals is not necessary and does not affect power. Our results caution against designing conjoint experiments with small sample sizes, especially for detecting heterogeneity and interactions. We provide an R package that implements our approach.
List successive cancellation decoding of polar codes

A list successive cancellation (LSC) decoding algorithm to boost the performance of polar codes is proposed. Compared with traditional successive cancellation decoding algorithms, LSC simultaneously produces at most L locally best candidates during the decoding process to reduce the chance of missing the correct codeword. The complexity of the proposed algorithm is O ( LN log N ), where N and L are the code length and the list size, respectively. Simulation results of LSC decoding in the binary erasure channel and binary-input additive white Gaussian noise channel show a significant performance improvement.
The food of Indonesia : authentic recipes from the Spice Islands

Each book in the "Periplus World Cookbooks" series contains 60 to 90 classic recipes from an exotic corner of the globe, and every recipe is illustrated in full-page colour photographs. This volume presents step-by-step instructions for recipes from Indonesia, with tips for preparations in Western kitchens. Essays on local food cover everything from dietary healing to ingredients, techniques and utensils.
Prognostic Factor in Patients with Advanced, Inoperable Thymic Carcinoma: An Application of the Lung Immune Prognostic Index

Background: The prognostic implications of palliative chemotherapy for advanced or recurrent thymic carcinomas require full elucidation. The lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) is a novel prognostic index whose effectiveness has recently been reported in lung cancer patients. This study aimed to evaluate the LIPI’s clinical value in advanced or recurrent thymic carcinoma patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 41 advanced or recurrent thymic carcinoma patients undergoing palliative chemotherapy between January 2001 and December 2020. Survival-time analysis was conducted using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model was performed to investigate the LIPI’s predictive and/or prognostic value.Results: Median progression-free survival (PFS) for first line chemotherapy and overall survival (OS) were significantly longer in the good-LIPI group (LIPI: 0) than in the intermediate/poor-LIPI group (LIPI: 1 or 2) (PFS: 13.4 vs. 6.8 months, p=0.0425; OS: 48.2 vs. 28.9 months, p=0.00506.). Multivariate analysis revealed that serum albumin <3.5 g/dL and an intermediate/poor LIPI were independent adverse prognostic factors for OS. Moreover, an intermediate/poor LIPI was the only adverse prognostic factor for PFS. Conclusions: Our study indicates that the LIPI is a potential prognostic marker in patients with advanced or recurrent thymic carcinoma undergoing palliative chemotherapy.
High Power Microwaves

Contents Introduction Origins of High Power Microwaves High Power Microwave Operating Regimes Future Directions in HPM Further Reading References Designing High Power Microwave Systems The Systems Approach to HPM Looking at Systems Linking Components into a System Systems Issues Scoping an Advanced System Conclusion Problems References High Power Microwave Applications Introduction High Power Microwave Weapons High Power Radar Power Beaming Space Propulsion Plasma Heating Particle Accelerators Problems References Microwave Fundamentals Introduction Basic Concepts in Electromagnetics Waveguides Periodic Slow-Wave Structures Cavities Intense Relativistic Electron Beams Magnetically Insulated Electron Layers Microwave-Generating Interactions Amplifiers and Oscillators, High- and Low-Current Operating Regimes Phase and Frequency Control Summary Problems References Enabling Technologies Introduction Pulsed Power Electron Beams and Layers Microwave Pulse Compression Antennas and Propagation Diagnostics HPM Facilities Problems Further Reading References Ultrawideband Systems UWB Defined UWB Switching Technologies UWB Antenna Technologies UWB Systems Conclusion Problems References Relativistic Magnetrons and MILOS Introduction History Design Principles Operational Features Research and Development Issues Fundamental Limitations MILOs Crossed-Field Amplifiers Summary Problems References BWOs, MWCGs, and O-Type Cerenkov Devices Introduction History Design Principles Operational Features Research and Development Issues Fundamental Limitations Summary Problems References Klystrons and Reltrons Introduction History Design Principles Operational Features Research and Development Issues Fundamental Limitations Summary Problems References Vircators, Gyrotrons and Electron Cyclotron Masers, and Free-Electron Lasers Introduction Vircators Gyrotrons and Electron Cyclotron Masers Free-Electron Lasers Summary Problems References Appendix: High Power Microwave Formulary A.1 Electromagnetism A.2 Waveguides and Cavities A.3 Pulsed Power and Beams Diodes and Beams A.4 Microwave Sources A.5 Propagation and Antennas A.6 Applications Power Beaming Plasma Heating Index
Modelling Transport, 2nd Edition

Already the market leader in the field, Modeling Transport has become still more indispensable following a thorough and detailed update. Enhancements include two entirely new chapters on modeling for private sector projects and on activity-based modeling; a new section on dynamic assignment and micro-simulation; and sizable updates to sections on disaggregate modeling and stated preference design and analysis. It also tackles topical issues such as valuation of externalities and the role of global positioning systems (GPS) in travel time surveys. Providing unrivaled depth and breadth of coverage, each topic is approached as a modeling exercise with discussion of the roles of theory, data, model specification, estimation, validation and application. The authors present the state of the art and its practical application in a pedagogic manner, easily understandable to both students and practitioners.
Voluntary Intellectual Capital Disclosure: A Theoretical Test of Proprietary Cost

Cost of equity could be minimalized by intellectual capital disclosure. Quality of information in this intellectual capital disclosure depends on the cost of proprietary, cost of information, and the relevance to get the information. This study was conducted to give empirical evidences about model analyze of intellectual capital to the cost based on theory of signaling and theory of proprietary cost. This study used design of quantitative research. Samples in this study were the enterprises that were registered in Indonesian Bursary Effect, except to the enterprises of financial industry in 2015 – 2019. Sampling extraction was performed by method of purposive sampling. Data analyzing used statistic of descriptive analyzes and regression of moderating. Test of hypothesis was conducted by analyzing technic of test of comparing coefficients across regressions. The results of data analysis of the research showed that increasing the disclosure of voluntary intellectual capital could decrease cost of equity. The low cost of proprietary could strengthen negative effects of the intellectual capital disclosure on cost of equity. The low cost of information could not strengthen negative effects of the intellectual capital disclosure on cost of equity. The high relevance of information could not strengthen negative effects of the intellectual capital disclosure on cost of equity.
Public Affairs Programs: The Critical Link to the Public

The technical integrity of a water provider is no longer enough in today's active social and political environment. Public water providers are being judged more and more on their ability to show that they are responsive and accountable to the public they serve. In connection with this, the job of the public water provider has expanded to include comprehensive public affairs programs, which are long-term management commitments. Such programs often focus on employee communication, customer service, public information, media and community relations, youth and public education, public affairs, and public involvement. Important skills for effective public affairs programs are problem-solving and alternative dispute resolution techniques. The public involvement process requires digging under specific positions to discover mutual interests.
Identification of Power System Faults based on Park's Transformation

The large-scale power system is always subjected to performance deterioration due to symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. So fault identification is necessary for power system protection and the selection of suitable protective devices (i.e. relays). In this work, Park’s Transformation Method is used for fault identification. Direct axis (d-axis), Quadrature axis (q-axis) and Zero axis (0-axis) sequence components are estimated. By identifying these components the fault type can be easily checked. MATLAB software is used as an analysis tool for this work with the help of Artificial Neural Network.
Levers of Control: How Managers Use Innovative Control Systems to Drive Strategic Renewal

Based on a ten-year examination of control systems in over 50 U.S. businesses, this book broadens the definition of control and establishes a critical bridge between the disciplines of strategy and accounting and control. In addition to the more traditional diagnostic control systems, Simons identifies three new control systems that allow strategic change: belief systems that communicate core values and provide inspiration and direction, boundary systems that frame the strategic domain and define the limits of freedom, and interactive systems that provide flexibility in adapting to competitive environments and encourage organizational learning. These four control systems, according to Simons, will provide managers with the basic levers for pursuing strategic objectives.
Designing a Course Recommendation System on Web based on the Students' Course Selection Records

There is a web-based course recommendation system constructed by this paper. A course recommendation system is used to provide students some suggestions when they have trouble in choosing courses. This paper designs the recommendation system based the Prediction Methodology proposed by us previously. The prediction methodology integrates both Data Mining techniques and Graph Theory, which will be still revealed in this paper for readers to get the idea about how can we make appropriate course suggestions for students. Results in this paper are generated by applying both our prediction mechanism and the questionnaire to two classes (class 2001 & 2002) in the past two school years The questionnaire is used for verifying our predicting methodology either useful or not.
Neural Nets in Electric Fish

Part 1 Introduction: why study electric fish? experimental strategies. Part 2 The behaviour and ecology of electric fish: types of electric fish and their electric organ discharges evolutionary and ecological considerations noise and signal interference. Part 3 The jamming avoidance response of Eigenmannia: the experimental opening of a loop behavioral rules for the JAR. Part 4 Neuronal implementation of the jamming avoidance response: the coding of amplitude and phase modulations by tuberous electroreceptors the electrosensory lateral line lobe details in the circuitry of the ELL and its modulation by recurrent descending input from the nucleus praeeminentialis the torus semicircularis the gating of amplitude information by phase information - a mechanisms for discriminating the sign of Df projections of the torus semicircularis - the search for the pathway controlling the JAR the diencephalic nucleus electrosensorius, a sensory-motor interface the diencephalic prepacemaker nucleus the medullary pacemaker nucleus - control of the electric organ a summary flow diagram of neuronal structures and functions controlling the JAR. Part 5 General principles in the neuronal organization of the jamming avoidance response: the separation of task-specific sensory channels the central convergence of channels and the conversion of neuronal codes the representation of stimulus variables in ordered maps the emergence of "recognition" neurons and motor programs the distributed processing of sensory information and the shared use of neuronal circuits the control of motivational states through social signals recurrent descending loops - searchlights and central representations of sensory expectation? developmental and evolutionary considerations.
Board of the Directors as an Active Participant in the Strategic Decision-Making Process: Theory and Practice (Empirical Evidence)

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the world-wide discussion on the role of boards of directors in the strategic decision-making process. The first part outlines the evolution of the boards’ role in corporations over the last three decades. The second one presents the latest studies in this field, including the author’s own research, along with key conclusions and their implications for future studies of this kind. The main thesis of the paper is the need to create a new model of the board, playing a more active role in the strategic decision-making process. Active boards of directors increase their power inside corporations and, crucially, improve the quality of strategic decisions made by companies. However, according to research conducted by P. Stiles (2001,) McKinsey & Co. (2005) and D. W. Anderson, S. J. Melanson and J. Maly (2007), most boards are still not directly involved in formulating company strategy. Also Polish supervisory boards (the German model), investigated by the author of this paper, primarily perform monitoring and control functions, though their members believe that they should be advisory and initiating bodies as well. Finally, one should bear in mind that active and knowledgeable boards are an important factor in preventing crisis situations, e.g. by forcing managers to fully account for their strategic decisions and to provide alternative solutions.
Metabolism of the Anthroposphere: Analysis, Evaluation, Design

Over the last several thousand years of human life on Earth, agricultural settlements became urban cores, and these regional settlements became tightly connected through infrastructures transporting people, materials, and information. This global network of urban systems, including ecosystems, is the anthroposphere; the physical flows and stocks of matter and energy within it form its metabolism. This book offers an overview of the metabolism of the anthroposphere, with an emphasis on the design of metabolic systems. It takes a cultural historical perspective, supported with methodology from the natural sciences and engineering. The book will be of interest to scholars and practitioners in the fields of regional development, environmental protection, and material management. It will also be a resource for undergraduate and graduate students in industrial ecology, environmental engineering, and resource management. The authors describe the characteristics of material stocks and flows of human settlements in space and time; introduce the method of material flow analysis (MFA) for metabolic studies; analyze regional metabolism and the material systems generated by basic activities; and offer four case studies of optimal metabolic system design: phosphorus management, urban mining, waste management, and mobility. This second edition of an extremely influential book has been substantially revised and greatly expanded. Its new emphasis on design and resource utilization reflects recent debates and scholarship on sustainable development and climate change.
Contact

We introduce a new geometric structure on differentiable manifolds. A Con- tact Pair on a 2 h + 2 k + 2-dimensional manifold M is a pair (α,η) of Pfafﬁan forms of constant classes 2 k + 1 and 2 h + 1, respectively, whose characteristic foliations are transverse and complementary and such that α and η restrict to contact forms on the leaves of the characteristic foliations of η and α , respectively. Further differential objects are associated to Contact Pairs: two commuting Reeb vector ﬁelds, Legendrian curves on M and two Lie brackets on the set of differentiable functions on M . We give a local model and several existence theorems on nilpotent Lie groups, nilmanifolds, bundles over the circle and principal torus bundles.
Same difference: Transdisciplinary concepts and skills in artistic practice to minimise communication breakdown in art practice when misusing a common language

Our ears are not isolated from our other senses, but work in conjunction with them to maximise our chance of survival and to make sense of our world. However, the growth of specialisation in artistic practice and theory means that disciplinary-specific practices have, over time, tended toward silos, isolating themselves from each other by their specialist training institutions, funding bodies and artistic and industrial practices. The advantage of separation was to enable the analysis of structures and form through particular lenses or frameworks, and to create highly specialised ‘experts’ in areas such as visual arts, dance, drama and music. This ensured high quality within that paradigm, but, in an era of convergence in which we now find ourselves, new phenomena arise, one being the transdisciplinary musician. For such an approach, fresh concepts emerge, and new skill-sets and techniques are needed. This article attempts to identify some of these.