Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metasurface-enhanced infrared reflection chemical imaging on live and fixed cells with a QCL microscope

Live-cell mid-infrared (MIR) imaging has always been challenging because of the absorptive nature of water. However, there is a strong drive to image this spectroscopic window–to see the protein and lipid vibrations directly without the help of dyes. Though the dyes are convenient for imaging, they interfere with the biological functions of live cells. In the past two decades, people have relied on attenuated total reflectance (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic imaging to probe such systems to reduce the infrared penetration depth to a few microns. In our previous works, we found a way to further restrict the penetration to a hundred nanometers with plasmonic nanoantennas, also known as the metasurfaces. We named the technique-metasurface-enhanced infrared reflection spectroscopy (MEIRS), and used it for either label-free spectroscopy or imaging. We had demonstrated MEIRS in various live-cell drug dynamics studies, including trypsin, cholesterol depleting agents, and chemotherapeutics, of live cells enclosed in microfluidics chambers. With the recent advancement of commercial mid-infrared quantum cascade laser (QCL), we now have a unique opportunity to acquire high-quality single-cell resolution metasurface-enhanced infrared reflection chemical imaging (MIRCI), which reveals the important protein information in real time. We built an inverted QCL microscope setup and cultured the cells on a cell-culture multiwell plate. The bottom of the multiwells is made of infrared-transparent window and with metasurface fabricated on. In this work, we demonstrated two proofs of concept of MIRCI on both fixed cells in water (single-cell resolution and spectroscopy) and live cells (capturing cell adhesion process). The application provides a novel tool to the drug discovery and fundamental cell biology research.
A Novel Four-Dimensional Hyperchaotic System and Its Analysis

In order to generate more complex hyperchaotic signals for chaotic information engineering,a new four-dimensional hyperchaotic system is built in the paper.Some of its basic dynamical properties,such as the feature of equilibrium,the attractors,the time response,the power spectrum,the bifurcation diagram and the Lyapunov exponent spectrum,are studied in detail by means of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.Results show that the new system's dynamics behavior can be periodic,quasi-periodic,chaotic and hyperchaotic as the typical parameter varies.
Unified multifractal atmospheric dynamics tested in the tropics: part II, vertical scaling and generalized scale invariance

We empirically investigate the scaling behaviour of the horizontal wind along the vertical direction using 287 radiosonde soundings with a resolution of 50 m. We compare the results obtained with those of the horizontal temporal behaviour in the framework of Generalized Scaling Invariance and the unified Scaling model of atmospheric dynamics. We find the scaling to be very well respected over the range 50 m - 13 km (nearly the entire troposphere) and we estimate the universal multifractal indices which characterize the statistics in the vertical. By comparing our result with those obtained in the horizontal we show that the degree of stratification is different for mean and extreme structures. Finally, we theoretically discuss the necessary improvements to the Unified Multifractal model needed to account for them.
Vortex beams and radiation torque for kidney stone management

Our team previously developed an instrument to reposition kidney stones with acoustic radiation force. In a clinical trial, the technology was used to transcutaneously facilitate passage of small stones and to relieve pain by dislodging obstructing large stones. Acoustic trapping and manipulation of kidney stones in water has recently been investigated using both single element and sector arrays in the range of 0.3–1.5 MHz. Experimental holographic reconstruction of the transducer surface velocity confirmed the proper operation of each transducer. Human stones approximately 5 mm, as well as glass and aluminum beads, were placed on a flat tissue phantom in a water bath. During exposure, stones were drawn to the beam axis, and then controllably translated along the surface in any direction transverse to the beam. The phase between sector elements could be used to control the vortex size, as well as rate and direction of rotation of the trapped object. The trapping effect was disrupted at increased transduce.
The Influence of Serious Games in the Promotion of Healthy Diet and Physical Activity Health: A Systematic Review

(1) Background: serious games seem to show promising strategies to promote treatment compliance and motivate behavior changes, and some studies have proven to contribute to the literature on serious games. (2) Methods: this systematic review aimed to analyze the effect of serious games in promoting healthy eating behaviors, effectively preventing childhood obesity, and improving physical activity in children. Five electronic bibliographic databases—PubMed, ACM Digital Library, Games for Health Journal, and IEEE Xplore were used to conduct a systematic literature search based on fixed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2003 and 2021 were selected for data extraction. (3) Results: a total of 26 studies were identified, representing 17 games. Half of the studies tested interventions for healthy eating and physical education. Most of the intervention’s games were designed according to specific behavioral change theories, predominantly the social cognitive theory. (4) Conclusions: studies confirmed the potential of serious games for obesity prevention but considering the restrictions encountered, we exhort for novel designs with different theoretical perspectives.
Large-scale stochastic hereditary systems under Markovianstructural perturbations. Part II. Qualitative analysis of isolatedsubsystems

In this part of the work, the convergence and stability analysis of isolated subsystems of stochastic hereditary systems under random structural perturbations is investigated. The variational comparison theorems developed in Part I are used to achieve this goal. Under algebraic conditions on the rate coefficients, time-delay, and an intensity matrix associated with the Markov chain, convergence and stability results are obtained. Furthermore, it is shown that these properties are affected by hereditary and random structural perturbations effects. It is further shown that the mathematical conditions are algebraically simple and are robust to the parametric changes. This investigation provides a basis for drawing the conclusions about the overall large-scale system.
Reflectometry measuring refractive index and thickness of polymer samples simultaneously

It is proposed and demonstrated that a novel reflectometry based on the Michelson interference measures simultaneously group refractive index and thickness of polymer samples. Such a reflectometry is a contactless measurement technique, and no damage occurs to the sample measured. Moreover, the measurement error of refractive index decreases linearly with the increasing measured sample's thickness. The ingenious planar polymer sample fabricated acts as not only the measured sample but also the fixed mirror that is necessary in other Michelson interference systems, which simplify the measurement configuration. Our reflectometry exhibits some advantages, such as simple measurement configuration, straightforward principle, easy operation, contactless measurement and high measurement precision.
Design of Wallace tree multiplier and other components of a quantum ALU using reversible TSG gate

This paper presents the design of a novel modified Wallace tree multiplier, using the reversible TSG gate proposed by the authors earlier. The novelty of the TSG gate is that it can also work singly as a reversible full adder. The TSG gate is also used in this paper to design various other reversible arithmetic and logical components that can be assembled to realize a primitive reversible/quantum ALU. It is also shown that these components are optimal, in terms of number of reversible gates and garbage outputs, compared to other designs existing in literature.
Assessment of Limiting Processes of Numerical Schemes on Hypersonic Aeroheating Predictions

This paper deals with a systematic assessment study on the performance of conventional MUSCL slope limiters and recently developed multidimensional limiting processes in the context of aeroheating predictions of hypersonic flows. Three test cases are considered: 1) the flow (M∞=6.47) around a cylindrical leading-edge configuration, 2) the flow (M∞=9.86) around a biconic configuration, and 3) the flow (M∞=10.02) around a double-ellipsoid configuration. Through the careful comparisons between one another and with the available experimental data, numerical results are presented to demonstrate the behaviors of different limiting processes in hypersonic aeroheating predictions. It is found that the medium dissipative van Leer slope limiter could be the best compromise between accuracy and robustness of all the MUSCL slope limiters considered, whereas the multidimensional limiting processes can numerically behave better than all the MUSCL slope limiters, whether in accuracy or in robustness. The results indicat.
Detection of Downlink Asynchronous NOMA With MSK-Type Signal

In this letter, motivated by the superiority of continuous phase modulation (CPM) signals, a binary CPM with modulation index 0.5 is considered into downlink symbol- asynchronous non-orthogonal multiple access (ANOMA) to enhance power and spectral efficiency, especially for resource-limited wireless communications. According to the maximum likelihood (ML) criterion, a Viterbi-based block-by-block detector (VB-BBD) is first proposed. Considering the asymptotics of Toeplitz matrices, a DFT matrix diagonalization-based symbol-by-symbol detector (DFTD-SSD) is also given. Finally, the detection complexity analysis is provided. Numerical results reveal the optimal time offsets with different modulation formats for a two-user system, and show that time asynchrony can bring about 3dB and 6dB performance gains at a bit error rate (BER) of 10−4. The relationship between BER performance and different power levels, frequency pulses, response lengths is also investigated.
A Shared Aperture Dual-Polarized Omnidirectional Antenna Based on CRLH-TL for 5G Applications

In this letter, a novel aperture-shared dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna for 5G application is proposed. To realize the compact and broadband characteristics, the vertically polarization (VP) and horizontal polarization (HP) share a physical region and a Wilkinson power divider with a Z-shaped feeding networks is utilized. Two antenna prototypes are fabricated and measured, with the dimensions are 0. 70λ0 × 0. 70λ0 × 0. 07λ0 and 0. 62λ0× 0. 62λ0 × 0. 09λ0 for the 3.5 and 5.8 GHz antennas, respectively. The port isolation of the 3.5 GHz antenna is better than 35 dB, with radiation efficiency higher than 85.4%. The measured −10 dB impedance bandwidths of the 5.8 GHz antenna are better than 23.8%. The proposed antennas are suitable for 5G application for their low-profile, compact, broadband, and dual polarization characteristics.
The Therapeutic and Diagnostic Potential of Phospholipase C Zeta, Oocyte Activation, and Calcium in Treating Human Infertility

Oocyte activation, a fundamental event during mammalian fertilisation, is initiated by concerted intracellular patterns of calcium (Ca2+) release, termed Ca2+ oscillations, predominantly driven by testis-specific phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ). Ca2+ exerts a pivotal role in not just regulating oocyte activation and driving fertilisation, but also in influencing the quality of embryogenesis. In humans, a failure of Ca2+ release, or defects in related mechanisms, have been reported to result in infertility. Furthermore, mutations in the PLCζ gene and abnormalities in sperm PLCζ protein and RNA, have been strongly associated with forms of male infertility where oocyte activation is deficient. Concurrently, specific patterns and profiles of PLCζ in human sperm have been linked to parameters of semen quality, suggesting the potential for PLCζ as a powerful target for both therapeutics and diagnostics of human fertility. However, further to PLCζ and given the strong role played by Ca2+ in fertilisation, targets down- and up-stream of this process may also present a significantly similar level of promise. Herein, we systematically summarise recent advancements and controversies in the field to update expanding clinical associations between Ca2+-release, PLCζ, oocyte activation and human fertility. We discuss how such associations may potentially underlie defective embryogenesis and recurrent implantation failure following fertility treatments, alongside potential diagnostic and therapeutic avenues presented by oocyte activation for the diagnosis and treatment of human infertility.
Diversifying agrifood systems to ensure global food security following the Russia–Ukraine crisis

The recent Russia–Ukraine conflict has raised significant concerns about global food security, leaving many countries with restricted access to imported staple food crops, particularly wheat and sunflower oil, sending food prices soaring with other adverse consequences in the food supply chain. This detrimental effect is particularly prominent for low-income countries relying on grain imports, with record-high food prices and inflation affecting their livelihoods. This review discusses the role of Russia and Ukraine in the global food system and the impact of the Russia–Ukraine conflict on food security. It also highlights how diversifying four areas of agrifood systems—markets, production, crops, and technology can contribute to achieving food supply chain resilience for future food security and sustainability.
Linear estimation for the extended exponential power distribution

Tiao and Lund [The use of OLUMV estimators in inference robustness studies of the location parameter of a class of symmetric distributions. J Amer Statist Assoc. 1970;65(329):370–386] tabulated the coefficients of the best linear unbiased estimators (BLUEs) of location and scale for a particular family of symmetric distributions. This family was a reparameterization of the extended exponential power distribution (EEPD) with the shape parameter restricted to be greater than or equal to one. In this work, we consider the BLU estimation of the location and scale parameters of the EEPD when the shape parameter is one-third and one-half. We obtain closed-form expressions for the single and product moments of the order statistics when the shape parameter is in general in the form of a reciprocal of an integer. These expressions are then used to determine the BLUEs and the corresponding variances for complete samples of size 20 and less. We consider some other linear estimators of the location and scale parameters and then compare them with the BLUEs. Finally, we present a numerical example to illustrate the developed results.
Serum lipid biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines associated with onset and clinical status of patients with early knee osteoarthritis

Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint condition and one of the greatest causes of disability worldwide. The role of serum lipid and inflammatory biomarkers in the origin and development of the disease is not clear, although it could have important implications for diagnosis and treatment. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate differences of serum lipid and inflammatory biomarkers with knee EOA in comparison with matched controls, in order to determine the role of these factors in the origin of EOA. Methods For this proposal, a cross-sectional study with a non-randomized sample was performed. 48 subjects with early osteoarthritis (EOA) and 48 matched controls were selected and serum lipid levels (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL) and inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein (CRP), uric acid (UA) were analyzed. In addition, clinical (pain, disability) and functional (gait speed, sit-to-stand) variables were measured to establish their relationship to serum lipid levels and inflammatory biomarkers. Results Patients with EOA showed higher levels of total cholesterol LDL, UA, and CRP. Higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL and CRP were correlated with higher levels of pain intensity and higher disability (p < 0.05). In addition, UA and CRP were inversely correlated with gait speed and sit-to-stand tests (r = −0.038 to −0.5, p < 0.05). Conclusion These results highlight the relevance of metabolic and proinflammatory aspects in the early stages of knee OA and could be key to developing early diagnoses to prevent the onset and development of the disease.
Spatiotemporal Drought Variation in Midlatitude East Asia Over the Past Half Millennium

Drought is a recurring challenge, especially in the arid and semi‐arid regions. Therefore, understanding its spatial and temporal variation is important for pre‐disaster planning and sustainable water resource management during drought. However, the sparse and short length of the instrumental records in midlatitude East Asia hampered the full understanding of drought variation, especially at multidecadal and longer timescales. Here, we compiled a tree‐ring network of 364 chronologies in midlatitude East Asia and reconstructed the variation of the averaged May–August Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index at a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5°, for the period 1501–2000 CE. The reconstruction captured the spatial and temporal variation of actual drought well and has a strong association with a drought atlas that was derived from historical documents. The study area has experienced an expansion of dry areas during the past decades; however, it is still within the natural variability of the past half millennium. According to drought variation during the instrumental period, the study area was divided into four subregions; however, running correlations showed that drought variation in some subregions was similar in past centuries, except in recent decades. This study provides new data for understanding the spatiotemporal variability of drought in midlatitude East Asia, and the vanished correlation between drought variation in some regions during the past decades indicates the complex forcing mechanism of regional drought variation.
Three-dimensional time-profile analysis of high-order harmonic generation in molecules: Nuclear interferences in H 2 +

We describe a numerical method used previously [Phys. Rev. A 70, 011404(R) (2004)] for solving the three-dimensional time-dependent Schroedinger equation for H{sub 2}{sup +} (with fixed nuclei) in interaction with an intense, arbitrary oriented laser pulse. In this approach, we use the prolate spheroidal coordinate system, and expand the time-dependent wave function in a complex basis of Laguerre polynomials and Legendre functions. Our results indicate that ionization, excitation, and harmonic generation are strongly influenced by the orientation of the molecular axis with respect to the laser polarization axis. We evaluate the contribution of each nucleus to harmonic generation, as this permits a quantitative and nonambiguous assessment of interference effects as a function of molecular orientation. A time-profile analysis, using a Gabor transform of the harmonic spectrum around certain harmonics, shows that every half-cycle high-order harmonics are emitted by each nucleus when the electron wave packet returns for a recollision with the molecular core, thus confirming the strong field recollision model in molecules. In general, each nucleus emits both odd and even harmonics, but even harmonics are destroyed by interferences between contributions of each nucleus. These interferences are shown to be maximum at certain harmonic orders as a function of molecularmore » orientation. A comparison of acceleration and dipole formulations of the harmonic emission process is made in order to assess the use of high-order harmonic generation for electron wave-function imaging. « less
The impact of active and passive investment on market efficiency: a simulation study

ABSTRACT We create a simulated financial market and examine the effect of different levels of active and passive investment on fundamental market efficiency. In our simulated market, active, passive, and random investors interact with each other through issuing orders. Active and passive investors select their portfolio weights by optimizing Markowitz-based utility functions. We find that higher fractions of active investment within a market lead to an increased fundamental market efficiency. The marginal increase in fundamental market efficiency per additional active investor is lower in markets with higher levels of active investment. Furthermore, we find that a large fraction of passive investors within a market may facilitate technical price bubbles, resulting in market failure. By examining the effect of specific parameters on market outcomes, we find that that lower transaction costs, lower individual forecasting errors of active investors, and less restrictive portfolio constraints tend to increase fundamental market efficiency in the market.
Modeling and Evaluation of Uncertainty Set Considering Wind Power Prediction Error Correlation

Advanced robust scheduling technology is one of the most economical and effective means to deal with output uncertainty.Usually,uncertainty set is used for describing the prediction error of wind power generation.It does not require the probability distribution of prediction errors and can cover all realizations of wind generation prediction errors with given confidence level.In our work,existing models of uncertainty set are evaluated using real data in wind farm operations.The study shows that unreasonable uncertainty sets may occur if the correlation of prediction errors is neglected.Furthermore,a criterion of wind generation uncertainty is proposed,based on which a new ellipsoidal modeling method is derived to incorporate the correlation of prediction errors.Given a confidence level in the sense of probability,the proposed uncertainty set can greatly reduce the measure of prediction errors with convexity guarantee.This facilitates mitigating conservativeness of robust optimization decision making process in power systems.
A generalized alternating direction implicit method for transient thermal simulation of 2-D structures with locally refined grids

Abstract In this article, a generalized alternating direction implicit (ADI) method for transient thermal simulation of two-dimensional structures with locally refined grids is proposed. First, a flexible approach is employed to generate the semistructured grids with local refinement. The generalized ADI method is then derived based on these semistructured grids, in which two new directions are added to deal with the grid points in the transition regions. By this means, the ADI scheme is successfully extended to handle the transient simulation of objects with locally refined grids while maintaining the property of linear complexity in computation. The accuracy and high efficiency of the proposed method are verified by several typical examples.