Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigation of Laterally Downscaled Hydrogen-Terminated Diamond FETs

Hydrogen-terminated diamond (H-diamond) field-effect transistors (FETs) have been the mainstream structure of diamond microwave devices. In this article, the direct current performance and cutoff frequency (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of H-diamond FETs with the gate length (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{G}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) downscaling from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2 ~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to 50 nm are investigated by 2-D device simulation. For our central-gated device with a 6-nm-thick Al2O3 gate dielectric, the transition point of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{G}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from the long-channel behavior to the short-channel one is found to be about 200 nm. Though notable short-channel effects appear for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{G} \le {200}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> nm such as the negative shift of the threshold voltage and the increase of the drain-induced barrier lowering, the knee voltage at a given gate voltage stays almost constant for all the considered gate length range, which is unfavorable for a small-size device with lower operating voltage. It is found the effective velocity in the channel of short-channel H-diamond FETs at the drain voltage of 7 V is less than half of the saturation velocity. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> versus <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {GS}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> relation is quite different in the short channel case and long channel case, and it is analyzed in comparison with the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${g}_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> versus <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {GS}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> relation.
Worldwide panorama of bruxism and patients with disabilities: a bibliometric analysis in PubMed (1965-2021)

This study aimed to present a bibliometric analysis about the central topic bruxism and disabled people in a global panorama through PubMed database (1965-2021). It was included in this study only journal publications in English. Letters to editor, short communication, articles irrelative to people with disabilities and bruxism or articles with unavailable abstract or full text were not included. The initial search was performed by three independent investigators who assessed the title, abstract and main text to determine the included or excluded articles. It was observed that the tendency of publications was rising, with an average of 1.9 per year. There were 27 countries that have contributed to publications on the studied field and the most productive ones are United States (28.2%) and Brazil (20.0%). The most productive authors in the field are Brazilian and among the most productive institutions, 4 are Brazilian and 3 are North American. Case reports were the most frequent type of article (28.1%), followed by cross-sectional studies (24.5%) and literature reviews (12.7%). The most productive journal in the studied field were Special Care in Dentistry (12.7%), followed by Journal of Oral Rehabilitation (3.6%). Brazil has a great scientific contribution to the field with a relevant number of publications, leading authors and institutions. There is a lack of high-quality evidence involving the main topic, reinforcing that further interventional studies and controlled trials must be conducted.
Incorporation of an Evaporative Cooling Scheme into a Dynamic Model of Orographic Precipitation

Abstract A simple evaporative cooling scheme was incorporated into a dynamic model to estimate orographic precipitation in mountainous regions. The orographic precipitation model is based on the transport of atmospheric moisture and the quantification of precipitable water across a 3D representation of the terrain from the surface up to 250 hPa. Advective wind fields are computed independently and boundary conditions are extracted from radiosonde data. Precipitation rates are obtained through calibration of a spatially distributed precipitation efficiency parameter. The model was applied to the central Sierra Nevada. Results show a gain of the order of 20% in threat-score coefficients designed to measure the forecast ability of the model. Accuracy gains are largest at high elevations and during intense storms associated with warm air masses.
Optimal control for multi‐servers queueing systems under periodic review

This paper deals with the problem of finding the optimal dynamic operating policy for an M/M/S queue. The system is observed periodically, and at the beginning of each period the system controller selects the number of service units to be kept open during that period. The optimality criterion used is the total discounted cost over a finite horizon.
A Novel Method to Construct 2-Aminobenzofurans via [4 + 1] Cycloaddition Reaction of In Situ Generated Ortho-Quinone Methides with Isocyanides

A new approach for the synthesis of 2-aminobenzofurans has been described via Sc(OTf)3 mediated formal cycloaddition of isocyanides with the in situ generated ortho-quinone methides (o-QMs) from o-hydroxybenzhydryl alcohol. Notably, as a class of readily available and highly active intermediates, o-QMs were first used in the construction of benzofurans. This [4 + 1] cycloaddition reaction provides a straightforward and efficient methodology for the construction of 2-aminobenzofurans scaffold in good yield (up to 93% yield) under mild conditions.
The nonlinear properties of a large-scale dynamo driven by helical forcing

By considering an idealized model of helically forced flow in an extended domain that allows scale separation, we have investigated the interaction between dynamo action on different spatial scales. The evolution of the magnetic field is studied numerically, from an initial state of weak magnetization, through the kinematic and into the dynamic regime. We show how the choice of initial conditions is a crucial factor in determining the structure of the magnetic field at subsequent times. For a simulation with initial conditions chosen to favour the growth of the small-scale field, the evolution of the large-scale magnetic field can be described in terms of the α-effect of mean field magnetohydrodynamics. We have investigated this feature further by a series of related numerical simulations in smaller domains. Of particular significance is that the results are consistent with the existence of a nonlinearly driven α-effect that becomes saturated at very small amplitudes of the mean magnetic field.
The Influence Function of the Correlation Indexes in a Two-by-Two Table

In this paper we examine 5 indexes (the two Yule’s indexes, the chi square, the odds ratio and an elementary index) of a two-by-two table, which estimate the correlation coefficient ρ in a bivariate Bernoulli distribution. We will find the compact expression of the influence functions, which allow the quantification of the effect of an infinitesimal contamination of the probability of any pair of attributes of the bivariate random variable distributed according to the above-mentioned model. We prove that the only unbiased index is the chi square. In order to determine the indexes, which are less sensitive to contamination, we obtain the expressions of three synthetic measures of the influence function, which are the maximum contamination (gross sensitivity error), the mean square deviation and the variance. These results, even if don’t allow a definitive assessment of the overall optimum properties of the five indexes, as not all of them are unbiased, nevertheless they allow to appreciating the synthetic entity of the effect of the contaminations in the estimation of the parameter ρ of the bivariate Bernoulli distribution.
Peptide Modification Diminishes HLA Class II-restricted CD4+ T Cell Recognition of Prostate Cancer Cells

Prostate cancer poses an ongoing problem in the western world accounting for significant morbidity and mortality in the male population. Current therapy options are effective in treating most prostate cancer patients, but a significant number of patients progress beyond a manageable disease. For these patients, immunotherapy has emerged as a real option in the treatment of the late-stage metastatic disease. Unfortunately, even the most successful immunotherapy strategies have only led to a four-month increase in survival. One issue responsible for the shortcomings in cancer immunotherapy is the inability to stimulate helper CD4+ T cells via the HLA class II pathway to generate a potent antitumor response. Obstacles to proper HLA class II stimulation in prostate cancer vaccine design include the lack of detectable class II proteins in prostate tumors and the absence of defined class II specific prostate tumor antigens. Here, for the first time, we show that the insertion of a lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) into prostate cancer cells directly enhances HLA class II antigen processing and results in increased CD4+ T cell activation by prostate cancer cells. We also show that GILT insertion does not alter the expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), an important target in prostate cancer vaccine strategies. Our study suggests that GILT expression enhances the presentation of the immunodominant PSMA459 epitope via the HLA class II pathway. Biochemical analysis showed that the PSMA459 peptide was cysteinylated under a normal physiologic concentration of cystine, and this cysteinylated form of PSMA459 inhibited T cell activation. Taken together, these results suggest that GILT has the potential to increase HLA class II Ag presentation and CD4+ T cell recognition of prostate cancer cells, and GILT-expressing prostate cancer cells could be used in designing cell therapy and/or vaccines against prostate cancer.
Statistical analysis of the cause of death in Korea in 2019

Background: This study aimed to present and analyze the causes of death in the Korean population in 2019.Methods: Based on the Korean Standard Classification of Diseases and Causes of Death and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision, cause-of-death data for 2019 from Statistics Korea were examined.Results: There were 295,110 total deaths, a decrease of 3,710 (-1.27%) from 2018. The crude death rate (the number of deaths per 100,000 people) was 574.8, a decrease of 7.6 (-1.3%) from 2018. The top ten causes of death, in descending order, were malignant neoplasms, heart disease, pneumonia, cerebrovascular disease, intentional self-harm, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer disease, liver disease, chronic lower respiratory disease, and hypertension. Within the malignant neoplasm category, the top five organs affected were the lung, liver, colon, stomach, and pancreas (in the same order as in 2018). Alzheimer disease moved up from ninth to seventh on the list of leading causes of death in 2018. Among women, it ranked as the fifth leading cause of death, while pneumonia became the third leading cause of death.Conclusion: These changes reflect the increasing number of women > 65 years who are vulnerable to cognitive impairment and infectious diseases. The Korean government must urgently take preventive and therapeutic measures against dementia, especially Alzheimer disease.
Control-delayed system properties via an ordinary model†

The relationship between a control-delayed system and its non-delayed model is used to establish the properties of the former. An absolutely controllable delayed system is stabilizable, pole-assignable and dual to a system observable by delayed observations. Feedback implementation can be achieved using finite dimensional methods. The partial differential Riccati equations associated with the infinite time quadratic optimization problem are reduced to finite dimensional algebraic equations. Extensions to the multiple delay case are considered.
Crust-breaking by neutron superfluids and the Vela pulsar glitches.

Anderson's (1975) suggestion of neutron-superfluid vortex pinning and unpinning in the crust lattice of a neutron star as the origin of pulsar timing noise is combined with existing estimates of the lattice breaking strength and creep. For the Vela pulsar, such models give large sudden jumps in frequency and in slowing-down rates as well as an interval between glitches, all of which are comparable to those observed. The qualitative differences between Vela and Crab glitches can also be understood.
Estabilidade de Modos Quasinormais e uma Possível Interpretação na Correspondência AdS/CFT

This thesis is a study of stability of quasinormal modes in a system featuring a stability change if one continuously varies the physical parameters of a black hole. The stability change thus found has some possible interpretations in the AdS/CFT correspondence. The main tool used in this study for calculating quasinormal modes are numer- ical methods that can be used in numerous works in this area of research, espe- cially because they do not depend on assumptions of symmetry or any convenient behavior of the physical system.
Leader-following formation control of multiple mobile vehicles

A framework for controlling groups of autonomous mobile vehicles to achieve predetermined formations based on a leader-following approach is presented. A three-level hybrid control architecture is proposed to implement both centralised and decentralised cooperative control. Under such architecture, the global-level formation control problem of n vehicles is decomposed into decentralised control problems between n-1 pairs of follower and their designated leader. In the leader-follower control level, two basic controllers are proposed to make the following robot keep a relative position with respect to the leader and avoid collisions in the presence of obstacles. Then, graph theory is introduced to formalise specified formation patterns in a simple but effective way, and two types of switching between these formations are also proposed. Numerical simulations and physical robot experiments show the effectiveness of our approach
Radiative acceleration in outflows from broad absorption line quasi-stellar objects. 2: Wind models

We investigate the dynamics of radiatively driven broad absorption-line (BAL) outflows in quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) by developing radial and time-independent numerical models. Two limits are explored. The first assumes that the absorbing matter is not forced to comove with the substrate, which provides pressure confinement. This assumption allows us to explore in detail a case in which the acceleration is entirely due to radiation pressure. Using the parameters inferred from observations, we find that under these conditions radiative acceleration (mainly due to resonance line scattering) can readily accelerate the flow to the observed velocities. An important feature of the noncoupled flow is that the line profiles tend to stay relatively flat throughout the velocity interval covered by the line. We discuss how relaxing the assumptions of radial symmetry and time independent may help to explain the structures observed in BALs. In the second class of models, the absorbing flow is assumed to be completely coupled to the substrate in which it is embedded. Aside from being more plausible physically, these models produce line profiles that trail off at higher velocities, a behavior observed in some BALs. We show that, even if the substrate is massless, we have to assume a starting radius very close to the inferred radius of the broad emission-line region (approximately 0.1 pc) in order to obtain a significant contribution from radiative acceleration, given a typical active galactic nucleus (AGN) spectrum. The reason is that the energy input needed to pressurize the substrate, allowing the flow to become supersonic and to retain a reasonable ionization equilibrium, at the same time contributes appreciably to the acceleration. A way to relax the small starting radius constraint is to use a softer ionizing spectrum.
Embodied design: A framework for teaching practices focused on the early development of computational thinking

Computational thinking, as an essential competency for the future development of citizens, is an important goal of computer science instruction. Although studies have shown that early exposure to computer programming is beneficial for improving computational thinking, current programming instruction does not systematically consider the factors that influence the development of computational thinking. To promote the early development of computational thinking, we analyzed the main factors that influence the development of computational thinking in terms of learners' cognitive level, instructional content, and technological environment. Therefore, this study proposes a teaching framework for developing computational thinking based on embodied cognitive theory. This teaching framework shows how to choose a suitable technological environment, design the appropriate content and apply adequate methods to effectively promote students' computational thinking development.
On mixing, compounding, and tail properties of a class of claim number distributions

The mathematical structure underlying a class of discrete claim count distributions is examined in detail. In particular, the mixed Poisson nature of the class is shown to hold fairly generally. Using some ideas involving complete monotonicity, a discussion is provided on the structure of other class members which are well suited for use in aggregate claims analysis. The ideas are then extended to the analysis of the corresponding discrete tail probabilities, which arise in a variety of contexts including the analysis of the stop-loss premium.
Nonlinguistic rhythm perception depends on culture and reflects the rhythms of speech: Evidence from English and Japanese

Does a listener’s native language influence the perception of nonverbal rhythms? One way to address this question is to examine the perception of rhythmic grouping, as suggested by Jakobson, Fant, and Halle in Preliminaries to Speech Analysis. Grouping refers to the perceptual clustering of events into higher level units such as phrases. Several principles of grouping of auditory patterns, established a century ago, have come to be thought of as innate properties of perception. The supporting data have come entirely from Western cultures, however. In this study, native English and Japanese speakers were tested for their perception of grouping in simple rhythmic sequences of tones. Members of the two cultures showed different patterns of perceptual grouping, demonstrating that basic auditory processes are shaped by culture. Furthermore, measurements of the temporal structure of English versus Japanese speech and music suggest that the observed differences reflect the rhythms of the two languages, rather th.
A Numerical Study of Gravity Wave Breaking and Impacts on Turbulence and Mean State

Abstract A model system is established that includes three interactive components: a dynamics model, a turbulence model, and a chemistry model. The dynamics model solves the two-dimensional, nonlinear, nonhydrostatic, compressible, and viscous flow equations, and the turbulence model is adapted from the 2.5-level Mellor–Yamada turbulence model with minor adjustments. The dynamics and the turbulence models are coupled with a chemistry model to study the mesoscale impacts of gravity wave breaking on the atmospheric compositional structures. The present study focuses on the local distribution of atomic oxygen and ozone. The model system is used to study the gravity wave propagation, growth, breakdown, and its impacts on the mean state in the middle and upper atmosphere. The inclusion of a turbulence model makes it possible to study the long-term evolution of the gravity wave after wave breaking and in the presence of nonuniform turbulence, as well as the interaction between a breaking wave and turbulence. Th.
Systematic study on p-type doping control of InN with different Mg concentrations in both In and N polarities

p-type conductivity control of In- and N-polar InN layers grown on GaN templates with different Mg concentrations ([Mg]) was systematically investigated by using electrolyte-based capacitance-voltage (ECV) analyses. With increasing [Mg], p-type conduction was confirmed for [Mg]s from ∼1018to∼3×1019cm−3. The conduction was reversed to n type at [Mg]s above 1020cm−3, however, due to overdoping effects introducing shallow donors in InN. Further, it was found that charges at the interface states located within forbidden band of InN greatly affected the ECV measurements resulting in overestimation of net acceptor concentrations, and some calibration was necessary to estimate them.
FOXG1 Contributes Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Mice

Strategies to enhance hippocampal precursor cells efficiently differentiate into neurons could be crucial for structural repair after neurodegenerative damage. FOXG1 has been shown to play an important role in pattern formation, cell proliferation, and cell specification during embryonic and early postnatal neurogenesis. Thus far, the role of FOXG1 in adult hippocampal neurogenesis is largely unknown. Utilizing CAG-loxp-stop-loxp-Foxg1-IRES-EGFP (Foxg1fl/fl), a specific mouse line combined with CreAAV infusion, we successfully forced FOXG1 overexpressed in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of the genotype mice. Thereafter, we explored the function of FOXG1 on neuronal lineage progression and hippocampal neurogenesis in adult mice. By inhibiting p21cip1 expression, FOXG1-regulated activities enable the expansion of the precursor cell population. Besides, FOXG1 induced quiescent radial-glia like type I neural progenitor, giving rise to intermediate progenitor cells, neuroblasts in the hippocampal DG. Through increasing the length of G1 phase, FOXG1 promoted lineage-committed cells to exit the cell cycle and differentiate into mature neurons. The present results suggest that FOXG1 likely promotes neuronal lineage progression and thereby contributes to adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Elevating FOXG1 levels either pharmacologically or through other means could present a therapeutic strategy for disease related with neuronal loss.
Phase I study of novel SYK inhibitor TAK‐659 (mivavotinib) in combination with R‐CHOP for front‐line treatment of high‐risk diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma

Background: TAK‐659, a novel oral SYK inhibitor, has demonstrated efficacy in heavily pretreated diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We report results of a phase I single‐institution escalation study of front‐line treatment with R‐CHOP and TAK‐659 in treatment‐naïve high‐risk DLBCL.