Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Determination of Thermal Conductivity and Heat Capacity in Thin Films with Picosecond Transient Thermoreflectance and Picosecond Laser Flash

ABSTRACT Combining the picosecond transient thermoreflectance (ps-TTR) and picosecond laser flash (ps-LF) techniques, we have developed a novel method to simultaneously measure the thermal effusivity and the thermal diffusivity of metal thin films and determine the thermal conductivity ( ) and the heat capacity ( ) altogether. In order to validate our approach and evaluate the uncertainties, we analyzed five different metal films (Al, Cr, Ni, Pt, and Ti) with thicknesses ranging from 297 nm to 1.2 µm. Our results on thermal transport properties and heat capacity are consistent with reference values, with the uncertainties for the thermal conductivity and the heat capacity measurements below 25% and 15%, respectively. Compared with the ps-TTR technique alone, the combined approach substantially lowers the uncertainty of the thermal conductivity measurement. Uncertainty analyses on various materials show that this combined approach is capable of measuring most of the materials with a wide range of thicknesses, including those with low thermal conductivity (e.g., mica) down to thicknesses as small as 60 nm and ultrahigh thermal conductivity materials (such as cubic BAs) down to 1400 nm. Simultaneous measurement of thermal conductivity and heat capacity enables exploration of the thermal physical behavior of materials under various thermodynamic and mechanical perturbations, with potential applications in thermal management materials, solid-state phase transitions, and beyond.
Réalisation d"un serveur de corrections GPS accessible par GPRS

La localisation GPS differentielle avec mesure de phase en temps reel (GPS-RTK) est quotidiennement utilisee dans les domaines de la mensuration, de la cartographie et des systemes d'information geographique. Une telle technique repose sur un lien de communication fiable - la plupart du temps, la radio - entre les recepteurs GPS de reference et mobile.
The World of Organic Agriculture: Statistics and Emerging Trends 2008

The 2008 edition of this annual publication documents recent developments in global organic agriculture. It includes contributions from representatives of the organic sector from throughout the world and provides comprehensive organic farming statistics that cover surface area under organic management, numbers of farms and specific information about commodities and land use in organic systems. The book also contains information on the global market of the burgeoning organic sector, the latest developments in organic certification, standards and regulations, and insights into current status and emerging trends for organic agriculture by continent. For this edition, all statistical data and regional review chapters have been thoroughly updated. Completely new chapters on organic agriculture in the Pacific, on the International Task Force on Harmonization and Equivalence in Organic Agriculture and on organic aquaculture have been added.
Data-Driven Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Comprehensive Review

As education constitutes an essential development standard for individuals and societies, researchers have been exploring the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in this domain and have embedded the technology within it through a myriad of applications. In order to provide a detailed overview of the efforts, this article pays particular attention to these developments by highlighting key application areas of data-driven AI in education; it also analyzes existing tools, research trends, as well as limitations of the role data-driven AI can play in education. In particular, this article reviews various applications of AI in education including student grading and assessments, student retention and drop-out predictions, sentiment analysis, intelligent tutoring, classroom monitoring, and recommender systems. This article also provides a detailed bibliometric analysis to highlight the salient research trends in AI in education over nine years (2014–2022) and further provides a detailed description of the tools and platforms developed as the outcome of research and development efforts in AI in education. For the bibliometric analysis, articles from several top venues are analyzed to explore research trends in the domain. The analysis shows sufficient contribution in the domain from different parts of the world with a clear lead for the United States. Moreover, students' grading and evaluation have been observed as the most widely explored application. Despite the significant success, we observed several aspects of education where AI alone has not contributed much. We believe such detailed analysis is expected to provide a baseline for future research in the domain.
Comorbidity of Pulmonary Fibrosis and COPD/Emphysema: Research Status, Trends, and Future Directions --------- A Bibliometric Analysis from 2004 to 2023

Objective The comorbidity of pulmonary fibrosis and COPD/emphysema has garnered increasing attention. However, no bibliometric analysis of this comorbidity has been conducted thus far. This study aims to perform a bibliometric analysis to explore the current status and cutting-edge trends in the field, and to establish new directions for future research. Methods Statistical computing, graphics, and data visualization tools such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Biblimatrix, and WPS Office were employed. Results We identified a total of 1827 original articles and reviews on the comorbidity of pulmonary fibrosis and COPD/emphysema published between 2004 and 2023. There was an observed increasing trend in publications related to this comorbidity. The United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom were the countries with the highest contributions. Professor Athol Wells and the University of Groningen had the highest h-index and the most articles, respectively. Through cluster analysis of co-cited documents, we identified the top 17 major clusters. Keyword analysis predicted that NF-κB, oxidative stress, physical activity, and air pollution might be hot spots in this field in the future. Conclusion This bibliometric analysis demonstrates a continuous increasing trend in literature related to the comorbidity of pulmonary fibrosis and COPD/emphysema. The research hotspots and trends identified in this study provide a reference for in-depth research in this field, aiming to promote the development of the comorbidity of pulmonary fibrosis and COPD/emphysema.
Besin Güvencesizliği ve Mental Sağlık İlişkisi

Besin güvencesi; besinlerin mevcudiyetini ve karşılanabilirliğini içeren, besinleri kabul edilebilir yollarla elde etmeyi, bireysel besin kullanımının yanı sıra kültürel normları da kapsayan karmaşık bir olgudur. Küresel besin üretimindeki ilerlemelere rağmen, dünya genelinde yaklaşık 928 milyon insan besin güvencesinden yoksun durumdadır. Besin güvencesizliği; malnütrisyon, anemi, obezite, diyabet, hipertansiyon gibi birçok beslenme ve fiziksel sağlık problemi ile ilişkilidir. Bununla birlikte besin güvencesizliği farklı boyutları aracılığıyla mental sağlık ile de yakından ilişkili görünmektedir. Sosyoekonomik durum, cinsiyet, etnik köken vb. besin güvencesini etkileyen faktörler göz önünde bulundurulduğunda besin güvencesizliğinin olumsuz fiziksel ve mental sağlık sonuçları ile ilişkili olması şaşırtıcı bir durum değildir. Literatürde besin güvencesizliği ve mental sağlık ilişkisini değerlendiren çalışmalar sınırlı olmakla birlikte yapılan araştırmaların sonuçları çelişkilidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, güncel literatür doğrultusunda besin güvencesizliği ile mental sağlık sorunları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir.
Piaszczysto-skalista pustynia Wadi Rum w południowej Jordanii

Na terenie Afryki i Azji znajduje siê wiele pustyñ — tak du¿ych i znanych, jak Sahara oraz mniejszych, jak chocia¿by Negev. Na styku obu kontynentów — w Azji Mniejszej, w strefie sejsmicznej Morza Czerwonego, na po3udniu Jordanii, zaledwie w odleg3oœci oko3o 70 km od Zatoki Akaba, le¿y niewielka, przepiêkna pustynia Wadi Rum (ryc. 1, 2). Jest ona ma3o znana i nie tak powszechnie dostêpna poprzez doniesienia naukowe i zdjêcia internetowe, jak inne obszary. Pozostaje równie¿ w cieniu najwiêkszego zabytku kultury œwiatowej — miasta Nabatejczyków — Petry. Pustynia Wadi Rum jest rezerwatem przyrody o¿ywionej i nieo¿ywionej, zobaczenie jej dostarcza geologowi niezapomnianych wra¿eñ. Warto wiêc j1 nieco przybli¿yæ.
The Potential of Deep Learning to Advance Clinical Applications of Computational Biomechanics

When combined with patient information provided by advanced imaging techniques, computational biomechanics can provide detailed patient-specific information about stresses and strains acting on tissues that can be useful in diagnosing and assessing treatments for diseases and injuries. This approach is most advanced in cardiovascular applications but can be applied to other tissues. The challenges for advancing computational biomechanics for real-time patient diagnostics and treatment include errors and missing information in the patient data, the large computational requirements for the numerical solutions to multiscale biomechanical equations, and the uncertainty over boundary conditions and constitutive relations. This review summarizes current efforts to use deep learning to address these challenges and integrate large data sets and computational methods to enable real-time clinical information. Examples are drawn from cardiovascular fluid mechanics, soft-tissue mechanics, and bone biomechanics. The application of deep-learning convolutional neural networks can reduce the time taken to complete image segmentation, and meshing and solution of finite element models, as well as improving the accuracy of inlet and outlet conditions. Such advances are likely to facilitate the adoption of these models to aid in the assessment of the severity of cardiovascular disease and the development of new surgical treatments.
A Portable Application Type Magnetometer Based on Diamond NV Centers

In recent years, there has been significant progress in the development of quantum precision measurement techniques. One particularly promising application is the use of the magnetometer based on diamond nitrogen vacancy (NV). However, to make this magnetometer more practical and flexible, it must be considered to avoid all the large instrumentation it involves and ensure a good magnetic sensitivity. In this article, we propose a high-precision portable application magnetometer (HPAM) that integrates all the equipment in the optical detection of magnetic resonance (ODMR) and limits the overall volume to about 190 cm3. We have also used a signal conditioning module (SCM) to process the fluorescence signal and enhance the sensitivity of the system. In addition, we separate the optical probe part from the back-end circuit part to well avoid interference between them; in the back-end part, we use 4G wireless data transmission and are equipped with a global positioning system (GPS) for remote magnetometry, which is a guideline for future practical integration design. Finally, we verified that the magnetic sensitivity of the system is about 4.22 nT/Hz $^{{1}/{2}}$ at 100 Hz and the total power consumption is 2.225 W. This new sensing system integrates all devices and has a good magnetic sensitivity.
Buoyant dispersal of CO2 during geological storage

Carbon capture and storage is currently the only technology that may allow significant reductions in CO2 emissions from large point sources. Seismic images of geological CO2 storage show the rise of CO2 is influenced by horizontal shales. The buoyant CO2 spreads beneath impermeable barriers until a gap allows its upward migration. The large number and small scale of these barriers makes the prediction of the CO2 migration path and hence the magnitude of CO2 trapping very challenging. We show that steady buoyancy dominated flows in complex geometries can be modeled as a cascade of flux partitioning events. This approach allows the analysis of two‐dimensional plume dispersal from a horizontal injection well. We show that the plume spreads laterally with height y above the source according to (y/h)1/2L, where L is the width of the shales and h is their vertical separation. The fluid volume below successive shale layers, and therefore the magnitude of trapped CO2, increase as (y/h)5/4 above the source, so that every additional layer of barriers traps more CO2 than the one below. Upscaling small scale flow barriers by reducing the vertical permeability, common in numerical simulations of CO2 storage, does not capture the dispersion and trapping of the CO2 plume by the flow barriers.
Hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis‐Dutch type

The amyloid β‐protein (Aβ) E22Q mutation of the rare disorder hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis‐Dutch type (HCHWA‐D) causes severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) with hemorrhagic strokes of mid‐life onset and dementia. The mutation does not affect total Aβ production but may alter the Aβ1–42:Aβ1–40 ratio, and affect the proteolytic degradation of Aβ and its transport across the blood–brain barrier. Aβ E22Q aggregates faster into more stable amyloid‐like fibrils than wild‐type Aβ. Non‐fibrillar Aβ(x‐42) deposits precede the appearance of fibrils and the deposition of Aβ(x‐40) in the vascular basement membrane. CAA severity tends to increase with age but may vary greatly among patients of comparable ages. Lumenal narrowing of affected blood vessels, leukoencephalopathy, CAA‐associated vasculopathies, and perivascular astrocytosis, microgliosis, and neuritic degeneration complicate the development of HCHWA‐D CAA. Parenchymal Aβ deposition is also enhanced in the HCHWA‐D brain with non‐fibrillar membrane‐bound Aβ(x‐42) deposits evolving into relatively fibrillar diffuse plaques variously associated with reactive astrocytes, activated microglia, and degenerating neurites. Plaque density tends to decrease with age. Neurofibrillary degeneration is absent or limited. HCHWA‐D dementia is associated with CAA severity independently of Braak stage, age, and plaque density. Particularly, microaneurysms may contribute to the development of (small) hemorrhages/infarcts and the latter to cognitive decline in affected subjects. However, the relative importance of cerebral hemorrhages/infarcts, white matter damage and/or other CAA‐ or Aβ‐related factors for cognitive deterioration in HCHWA‐D remains to be determined.
Changements de l'hydrologie de surface (temperature et salinite) de l'ocean austral en relation avec les variations de la circulation thermohaline au cours des deux derniers cycles climatiques

Cette etude a pour objectif de mettre en evidence le role de la circulation oceanique dans les liens climatiques interhemispheriques a partir des archives que sont les sediments marins des oceans austral et indien. Pour cela, j'ai tout d'abord reconstruit les paleoenvironnements marins des 300 derniers ka : les changements de la salinite en surface ont ete estimes a partir de la composition isotopique de l'oxygene des foraminiferes planctoniques n. Pachyderma s. Et g. Bulloides, les variations de la circulation thermohaline a partir de la composition isotopique du carbone du foraminifere benthique c. Wuellerstorfi, enfin, l'existence d'une debacle de la calotte antarctique a ete mis en evidence grace aux comptages des elements d'origine detritique. De plus, une etude micropaleonthologique realisee a l'universite de bordeaux 1 a permis de reconstruire les temperatures de surface. Puis, j'ai etabli une echelle de temps precise de ces enregistrements a partir de dates 1 4c et a partir de la correlation graphique de la composition isotopique de l'oxygene des foraminiferes benthiques avec une courbe de reference. Les resultats montrent l'existence d'au moins deux modes de circulation oceanique : un premier, lors des optima climatiques, est equivalent a celui de la periode actuelle tandis qu'un second, caracterise par un arret de la propagation d'eau profonde originaire de l'atlantique nord au niveau de l'ocean austral, prend place lors des periodes plus froides. Dans le premier mode, la circulation thermohaline peut jouer le role de lien climatique interhemispherique en diminuant les temperatures de l'ocean austral en surface lors d'une baisse de l'intensite de celle-ci. Pour les periodes froides la circulation profonde ne peut etre un lien climatique interhemispherique en particulier car il y a tres peu d'echange entre l'ocean austral et l'eau originaire de l'atlantique nord.
Use of Postbiotic as Growth Promoter in Poultry Industry: A Review of Current Knowledge and Future Prospects

Abstract Health-promoting preparations of inanimate microorganisms or their components are postbiotics. Since probiotics are sensitive to heat and oxygen, postbiotics are stable during industrial processing and storage. Postbiotics boost poultry growth, feed efficiency, intestinal pathogen reduction, and health, making them acceptable drivers of sustainable poultry production. It contains many important biological properties, such as immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory responses. Postbiotics revealed promising antioxidant effects due to higher concentrations of uronic acid and due to some enzyme’s production of antioxidants, e.g., superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidases and peroxidases. Postbiotics improve intestinal villi, increase lactic acid production, and reduce Enterobacteriaceae and fecal pH, all of which lead to a better immune reaction and health of the gut, as well as better growth performance. P13K/AKT as a potential target pathway for postbiotics-improved intestinal barrier functions. Similarly, postbiotics reduce yolk and plasma cholesterol levels in layers and improve egg quality. It was revealed that favorable outcomes were obtained with various inclusion levels at 1 kg and 0.5 kg. According to several studies, postbiotic compounds significantly increased poultry performance. This review article presents the most recent research investigating the beneficial results of postbiotics in poultry.
Noble gases as natural tracers of water circulation in the Paris Basin: 1. Measurements and discussion of their origin and mechanisms of vertical transport in the basin

The concentrations and isotopic compositions of helium, neon, and argon were measured in 29 water samples collected from five superposed aquifers in the Paris Basin (Ypresian, Albian, Neocomian, Dogger, and Trias). In all these groundwater flow systems the data showed excesses of 3He, 4He, and 40Ar above the solubility equilibrium with the atmosphere (air saturated water (ASW)), as well as vertical concentration gradients of these isotopes throughout the basin. The water of the Dogger and the Trias formations also had a 21Ne excess above ASW values. The mean rate of radiogenic and nucleogenic isotope production in the entire sedimentary sequence of the basin cannot produce the measured quantities of 3He, 4He, 21Ne, and 40Ar, if reasonable water residence times are considered. The total calculated production is estimated to represent less than about 13% of the measured values for all isotopes. The greater part (>87%) of the radiogenic and nucleogenic noble gas isotopes is thus believed to originate from the bedrock, and the isotopes are transported vertically through the entire basin. Three mechanisms of transport are considered: advection, dispersion, and molecular diffusion. For the Trias the radiogenic/nucleogenic production ratios of 4He/40Ar and 21Ne/40Ar are close to the mean production rate in the crust (4 ± 3 and 0.96 × 10−7, respectively). For the overlying Dogger, however, these ratios are much higher (4He/40Ar: 10 to 70; 21Ne/40Ar: 8 × 10−7 to 23 × 10−7). We suggest that differences in the vertical diffusive flux of 4He, 21Ne, and 40Ar are the reason for the high isotope ratios observed in the Dogger. In the vertical direction, 4He is transported mostly by diffusion, whereas 40Ar is transported mostly by advection. Neon 21 represents an intermediate situation. The distribution of 3He, 4He,21Ne, and 40Ar throughout the basin can be explained by the existence of only two sources: an atmospheric component contributed by recharge water and a radiogenic/nucleogenic component originating mainly in the bedrock. This concept is supported by two‐dimensional cross‐section modeling of the water flow in the Paris Basin and the advective, dispersive, and diffusive transport of these noble gases in its multiaquifer system presented in part 2 of this study.
Caractérisation et suivi par télédétection spatiale de la végétation et de l'occupation des terres en région méditéranéenne : possibilités et limites à travers le cas de la Syrie maritime

La degration des ecosystemes, processus reconnu a l'echelle du globe, n'epargne pas les pays du pourtour mediterraneen, en raison notamment d'une mauvaise gestion des ressources naturelles. L'analyse des donnees de la teledetection spatiale constitue un outil de choix pour dresser un etat des lieux de la situation presente et pour permettre un suivi des changements survenus au cours du temps. La presente etude concerne la caracterisation et le suivi par teledetection spatiale (donnees des satellites spot et landsat) de la vegetation et de l'occupation des terres dans une region de la mediterranee orientale: la syrie maritime, dont les caracteristiques biophysiques sont presentees. Une synthese est realisee sur les bases theoriques de la teledetection et les techniques d'acquisition des donnees et leur pretraitement. Dans une premiere approche (analyse des donnees monodates), nous avons procede a une analyse critique des differentes methodologie utilisables (analyse visuelle, indices spectraux, methodes de classification automatique, utilisation couple des sig) afin d'evaluer les possibilites et limites de l'outil de teledetection dans la caracterisation des differentes unites de l'occupation des terres et de la vegetation dans cette region, nous avons procede a partir des donnees multidates du capteur mss de landsat a une analyse des variations saisonnieres et du changement interannuel de la vegetation au cours de la periode 1977-1993. Il apparait qu'a 15 ans d'intervalle, la vegetation forestiere, qui faisait de la syrie maritime une zone favorisee par rapport au reste de ce pays, a connu une regression et une devalorisation continues que la presente etude permet de detecter, quantifier et cartographier
An Intelligent Framework for Log Anomaly Detection Based on Log Template Extraction

Log anomaly detection holds great significance in computer systems and network security. A large amount of log data is generated in the background of various information systems and equipment, so automated methods are required to identify abnormal behavior that may indicate security threats or system malfunctions. The traditional anomaly detection methods usually rely on manual statistical discovery, or match by regular expression which are complex and time-consuming. To prevent system failures, minimize troubleshooting time, and reduce service interruptions, a log template-based anomaly detection method has been proposed in this context. This approach leverages log template extraction, log clustering, and classification technology to timely detect abnormal events within the information system. The effectiveness of this method has been thoroughly tested and compared against traditional log anomaly detection systems. The results demonstrate improvements in log analysis depth, event recognition accuracy, and overall efficiency.