Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generalized-Nash-Equilibrium-Based Pareto Solution for Transmission-Distribution-Coupled Optimal Power Flow

To guarantee the individual benefits of different system operators in the optimal power flow of transmission-distribution-coupled (TDC) systems, a generalized Nash game (GNG) model is proposed, under which transmission system operators (TSOs) and distribution system operators (DSOs) optimize their non-cooperative objectives in a coordinated manner. Then, an improved iterative method with the successive-intersection approximation is proposed to solve the GNE to achieve generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) points. Further, to reduce the unnecessary costs led by the GNG, a GNE-based Pareto solution is achieved with the heterogeneous decomposition algorithm (HGD). Numerical experiments show that the results under GNE are significantly different from those under the cooperative model. Particularly, the individual benefits of DSOs are protected. Also, the GNE-based Pareto solutions can effectively reduce unnecessary costs and improve the overall benefits compared with the results under GNE. Besides, the proposed improved iterative method for solving the GNE shows better convergence and efficiency compared with the conventional simple fixed-point-iteration-based method.
A POLITICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF BOSTON'S CENTRAL ARTERY/TUNNEL PROJECT

Conventional wisdom holds that the era of major downtown highway projects is over -- the victim of gridlocked local political systems, fiscal austerity, and ardent opposition from both neighborhoods and environmentalists. Historically, these forces were particularly strong in the Boston metropolitan area. Yet today -- at a cost of almost $10 billion -- Massachusetts is replacing Boston's existing elevated Central Artery with an underground highway and building a third harbor tunnel from the city's downtown to the region's major airport. This report documents how the region's political leaders developed and sustained a broad coalition in support of the project and analyzes this history to suggest important lessons about how to plan, finance, and manage a complex urban transportation project in an era of environmentalism, neighborhood activism, and fiscal austerity.
Climate change, water stress, conflict and migration: Taking stock of current insights through a vulnerability lens

There is a growing awareness in international policy circles that climate change may be a driver of increased migration flows. In addition to political refugees and economic migrants, climate change-induced migration and environmental migrants are increasingly recognized as categories in human migration. As climate change-induced migration is a relatively new phenomenon, there is little established policy or legislation on how to deal with the associated pressures and how to address the needs and rights of environmental migrants. International decision-making on climate change and its impacts would need to address these new emerging issues.
Refitting solutions promoted by $\ell_{12}$ sparse analysis regularization with block penalties.

In inverse problems, the use of an $\ell_{12}$ analysis regularizer induces a bias in the estimated solution. We propose a general refitting framework for removing this artifact while keeping information of interest contained in the biased solution. This is done through the use of refitting block penalties that only act on the co-support of the estimation. Based on an analysis of related works in the literature, we propose a new penalty that is well suited for refitting purposes. We also present an efficient algorithmic method to obtain the refitted solution along with the original (biased) solution for any convex refitting block penalty. Experiments illustrate the good behavior of the proposed block penalty for refitting.
The link between psoriasis and other diseases based on epidemiological and genetic analyses

Psoriasis is a chronic disease, which is associated with numerous genetic and environmental factors. The high prevalence of psoriasis worldwide (2–3% of the general population) and its various comorbidities lead to research on its pathogenesis. The aim of this article is to describe the current state of knowledge on the potential links between psoriasis and other diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, uveitis, arthritis, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, fatty liver disease, dyslipidaemia, sleep apnoea, celiac disease, lymphoma, erectile dysfunction, Parkinson’s disease, osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, psychiatric disorders and substance use. Further research in this area may lead to better treatment options in the future.
Awareness and Perception Toward Alzheimer’s Disease Among Residents Living in the Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing public health concern, yet misconceptions about the condition are common. This study assessed awareness and social perceptions of AD in Jazan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 925 adults was conducted. Knowledge was assessed using a 30-item Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS). Social perceptions were evaluated using a 10-item questionnaire. Results: Many had misconceptions about AD epidemiology, causes, management, and care. The mean ADKS score was 8.89 ± 5.17 out of 30. Knowledge was poorest for symptoms, risk factors, treatment, caregiving, and life impact. Knowledge was highest in those aged >45 years (p = 0.018), in those with income > 15K SR (p = 0.004), in retired individuals (p = 0.023), and in those who learned about AD from books (p = 0.001), healthcare professionals (p = 0.001), or had an affected relative (p = 0.001). However, knowledge was low across all domains, averaging only 29% correct answers. Most respondents held positive social perceptions, yet sizable minorities saw isolation, legal intervention, and institutionalization as appropriate. Additionally, a portion of respondents associated stigma with individuals affected by AD and expressed a sense of burden associated with the condition. Conclusions: There are substantial knowledge gaps and some stigmatizing attitudes about AD in Jazan. Awareness regarding the causes, diagnosis, and management of AD was low. Misconceptions exist that AD only affects older people. Improved public education, especially for higher-risk groups, is needed to address misconceptions and promote social inclusion for those with dementia. Healthcare professionals can play a crucial role.
Marketing automation and the scope of marketers' heuristics

PurposeThis paper examines the relationship between marketing automation emergence and the marketers' use of heuristics in their decision-making processes. Heuristics play a role for the integration of human decision-making models and automation in augmentation processes, particularly in marketing where automation is widespread.Design/methodology/approachThis study analyzes qualitative data about the impact of marketing automation on the scope of heuristics in decision-making models, and it is based on evidence collected from interviews with twenty-two experienced marketers.FindingsMarketers make extensive use of heuristics to manage their tasks. While the adoption of new automatic marketing tools modify the task environment and field of use of traditional decision-making models, the adoption of heuristics rules with a different scope is essential to defining inputs, interpreting/evaluating outputs and control the marketing automation system.Originality/valueThe paper makes a contribution to research on the relationship between marketing automation and decision-making models. In particular, it proposes the results of in-depth interviews with senior decision makers to assess the impact of marketing automation on the scope of heuristics as decision-making models adopted by marketers.
A 54 µW CMOS Auto-Trimming Bandgap References (ATBGR) Achieving 90 dB PSRR for Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) Chips

An Auto-Trimming CMOS Bandgap References Circuit (ATBGR) with PSRR enhancement circuit for Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) chips is presented in this paper. The ATBGR is designed with a first-order temperature compensation technique providing a stable reference voltage of 1.25 V in the ranges of input voltages from 1.65 V to 4.5 V. An auto-trimming circuit is integrated into a PTAT resistor of BGR to minimize the influences of the process variations. The four parallel resistor pairs with PMOS switches are connected in series with the PTAT resistor. The reference voltage, VREF, is compared to an external constant value, 1.25 V, through an operational amplifier, and the output of the de-multiplexer is used to configure the PMOS switches. High power supply rejection is achieved through a PSRR enhancement circuit constituting a cascaded PMOS common gate pair. The ATBGR circuit is fabricated in 180 nm CMOS technology, consuming an area of 0.03277 mm2. The auto-trimming method yields an average temperature coefficient of 9.99 ppm/°C with temperature ranges from −40 °C to 125 °C, and a power supply rejection ratio of −90 dB at 100 MHz is obtained. The line regulation of the proposed circuit is 0.434%/V with power consumption of 54.12 µW at room temperature.
Satellite and Surface Perspectives of Snow Extent in the Southern Appalachian Mountains

Assessing snow cover patterns in mountain regions remains a challenge for a variety of reasons. Topography (e.g., elevation, exposure, aspect, and slope) strongly influences snowfall accumulation and subsequent ablation processes, leading to pronounced spatial variability of snow cover. In-situ observations are typically limited to open areas at lower elevations ( 1000 m) across the SAM, but also more pronounced along NW aspects. Despite some limitations related to the presence of ephemeral snow or cloud cover immediately after each event, we conclude that MODIS products are useful for assessing the spatial variability of snow cover in heavily forested mountain regions such as the SAM.
Responses to Reduced Feeding Frequency in Captive-Born Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus): Implications for Behavioural and Physiological Stress and Gastrointestinal Health

Simple Summary This study examined how offering larger quantities of food less frequently to better replicate their natural feeding pattern could affect the health of captive-born cheetahs. For three weeks, six hand-reared cheetahs were fed four once-daily meals per week, followed by three weeks in which they were fed two daily rations six days a week for the same duration while maintaining their total weekly food intake. The studied cheetahs showed higher faecal consistency scores and activity levels when fed less frequently. The results indicate that reducing feeding frequency could benefit captive cheetahs’ gastrointestinal health without causing significant stress. Abstract Unnatural diet composition and frequent feeding regimes may play an aetiological role in the multiple diseases prevalent in captive cheetahs. This study investigated the responses of captive-born (hand-reared) cheetahs (n = 6) to a reduced feeding frequency schedule distinguished by offering larger quantities of food less frequently. The study cheetahs were fed four once-daily meals per week during the 3-week treatment period, followed by a 3-week control period in which they were fed two daily rations six days a week. Total weekly food intake was maintained throughout the study. Variations in behaviour, faecal consistency score (FCS), and faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentration were measured. Less frequent feeding resulted in higher FCS (p < 0.01) and locomotory behaviour (p < 0.05) among the studied cheetahs. Faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentration demonstrated an initial acute stress response to the change in feeding frequency (p < 0.05) and subsequent adaptation. The results of the FCS analysis suggest that the more natural feeding pattern could have benefited the studied cheetahs’ gastrointestinal health without a significant behavioural or physiological stress response overall to the change in feeding frequency.
Technological Acquisitions: The Impact of Innovation on Stock Performance

This paper investigates technological acquisitions and innovation’s impact on US acquiring firms’ stock performance between 2012 and 2016. Firms pursue technological acquisitions with the rationale of creating value, improving market share, and achieving economies of scale. Acquisitions have not always yielded the desired results. Overall, acquirers’ long-run abnormal returns tend to be negative. This study suggests that innovation positively impacts stock performance around the announcement date and one year after the acquisition. The 3-year post-acquisition analysis finds that technological acquisitions do not affect acquiring companies’ stock performance. A bump in the one-year post-acquisition performance dissipates over the three-year horizon.
Modélisation multi-échelle de la dynamique des panaches d'aérosols naturels en Afrique

Le but de cette etude etait de documenter aussi precisement que possible le bilan de masse des aerosols mineraux desertiques qui sont des acteurs importants du systeme climatique terrestre puisqu'ils presentent un flux en masse annuel egal a environ la moitie du flux d'aerosols total. La mise en evidence de certains cas delicats a modeliser a conduit a mettre l'accent, dans ce travail, sur deux problemes clefs de l'Afrique du nord : la region de Bodele, du fait d'une topographie locale complexe, et les lignes de grains saheliennes dont l'interaction avec les emissions d'aerosols mineraux reste encore largement inconnue. Cette etude a ete realisee a l'echelle meso haute resolution en utilisant le modele Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) couple en ligne avec le Dust Production Model (DPM) developpe par Marticorena et Bergametti [1995] et Laurent [2005]. Afin d'examiner la capacite de ce modele a reproduire les emissions d'aerosols mineraux dans la region complexe de Bodele, nous avons tout d'abord modelise la periode correspondant a la campagne Bodele Dust Experiment 2005 (BoDEx 2005). Notre modele a ainsi ete capable de reproduire les caracteristiques meteorologiques locales (principalement le vent dans les basses couches) ainsi que les concentrations en aerosols mineraux et la structure du panache observees pendant la campagne. Nous avons aussi verifie que les aerosols emis depuis cette region du monde atteignent le continent sud americain. De plus, cette validation nous a permis de verifier le constat etabli par divers auteurs : les modeles a grande echelle (MCG) ont souvent du mal a reproduire correctement les champs de vent dans la region de Bodele. Nous avons alors entrepris une etude climatologique (sur l'annee 2001) sur une zone etendue autour de la region de Bodele a differentes resolutions spatiales afin de caracteriser les phenomenes de basses couches qui pourraient expliquer ce biais quasi-systematique des MCG. Ce travail a ete valide grâce aux donnees de routine des stations de mesure de surface ainsi que grâce a l'imagerie satellite. Le deuxieme cas sur lequel la validation de notre outil etait necessaire est constitue par les evenements de ligne de grains qui se succedent sur la zone sahelienne lors de l'ete boreal. Cette validation a ete realisee sur un evenement bien documente des periodes d'observations speciales 1 et 2 de la campagne Analyse Multidisciplinaire de la Mousson Africaine (AMMA).
CrisisViT: A Robust Vision Transformer for Crisis Image Classification

In times of emergency, crisis response agencies need to quickly and accurately assess the situation on the ground in order to deploy relevant services and resources. However, authorities often have to make decisions based on limited information, as data on affected regions can be scarce until local response services can provide first-hand reports. Fortunately, the widespread availability of smartphones with high-quality cameras has made citizen journalism through social media a valuable source of information for crisis responders. However, analyzing the large volume of images posted by citizens requires more time and effort than is typically available. To address this issue, this paper proposes the use of state-of-the-art deep neural models for automatic image classification/tagging, specifically by adapting transformer-based architectures for crisis image classification (CrisisViT). We leverage the new Incidents1M crisis image dataset to develop a range of new transformer-based image classification models. Through experimentation over the standard Crisis image benchmark dataset, we demonstrate that the CrisisViT models significantly outperform previous approaches in emergency type, image relevance, humanitarian category, and damage severity classification. Additionally, we show that the new Incidents1M dataset can further augment the CrisisViT models resulting in an additional 1.25% absolute accuracy gain.
The Rise and Fall of the Resource Curse

: A substantial political economy literature claims that an abundance of natural resource wealth— most particularly crude oil—creates and perpetuates authoritarian regimes. Improvements in statistical techniques and data generation over the past decade have allowed scholars to evaluate that claim. That new literature finds that the evidence is inconsistent with law-like statements about the effect of crude oil abundance on authoritarianism. The rise and fall of the resource curse hypothesis may therefore be instructive as scholars advance and test other theories about the distribution of authoritarianism and democracy around the planet. Specifically, it suggests the importance of taking history seriously both in the testing of theories and in their development.
Performance Improvement: A Key to Success in International Development Projects

Performance improvement holds great potential for improving the results of international development projects, serving public and private organizations in growing economies. The field of international development, in turn, has much to teach practitioners of performance improvement. In this article, the authors discuss the elements of performance improvement already being applied and suggest key benefits of expanding the application in development projects, for example, rural road construction in Bolivia or teacher training in Uganda.
Multi-height Measurements Of The Solar Vector Magnetic Field: A White Paper Submitted To The Decadal Survey For Solar And Space Physics (Heliophysics) 2024-2033

This white paper advocates the importance of multi-height measurements of the vector magnetic field in the solar atmosphere. As briefly described in this document, these measurements are critical for addressing some of the most fundamental questions in solar and heliospheric physics today, including: (1) What is the origin of the magnetic field observed in the solar atmosphere? (2) What is the coupling between magnetic fields and flows throughout the solar atmosphere? Accurate measurements of the photospheric and chromospheric three-dimensional magnetic fields are required for a precise determination of the emergence and evolution of active regions. Newly emerging magnetic flux in pre-existing magnetic regions causes an increase in the topological complexity of the magnetic field, which leads to flares and coronal mass ejections. Measurements of the vector magnetic field constitute also the primary product for space weather operations, research, and modeling of the solar atmosphere and heliosphere. The proposed next generation Ground-based solar Observing Network Group (ngGONG), a coordinated system of multi-platform instruments, will address these questions and provide large datasets for statistical investigations of solar feature behavior and evolution and continuity in monitoring for space-weather focused endeavors both research and operational. It will also enable sun-as-a-star investigations, crucial as we look toward understanding other planet-hosting stars.
Results of new-generation balloon vs. self-expandable transcatheter heart valves for bicuspid aortic valve stenosis

Background Data comparing new-generation self-expandable (SEV, Evolut R/PRO) vs. balloon-expandable (BEV, SAPIEN 3/3Ultra) transcatheter heart valve replacement (TAVR) in bicuspid aortic valve stenosis (BAV) is limited. Our aim was to compare 30-day results of SEV and BEV implantations in patients with BAV. Methods A total of 2009 patients underwent TAVR between April 2015 and June 2021 at our Centre. From our institutional registry, we identified 106 consecutive patients with BAV who underwent TAVR using SEV and BEV. Results A 106 patients (n = 68 BEV; n = 38 SEV) were included. Mean age was 74.6 ± 8.8 years (BEV) vs.75. 3 ± 8.7 years (SEV) (p = 0.670) and Society of Thoracic Surgeons score was 2.6 ± 1.9 (BEV) vs. 2.6 ± 1.6 (SEV) (p = 0.374), respectively. Device landing zone calcium volume (DLZ-CV) was 1168 ± 811 vs. 945 ± 850 mm3 (p = 0.192). Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC)-3 device success at 30 days was similar (BEV 80.9% vs. SEV 86.8%; p = 0.433). More post-dilatations were performed in SEVs (23.5% BEV vs. 52.6% SEV; p = 0.002). Overall mean gradient at 30 days follow-up was 11.9 ± 4.6 mmHG (BEV) vs. 9.2 ± 3.0 mmHG (SEV) (p = 0.002). A mild-moderate degree of paravalvular leak (PVL) was detected more often in the SEV group (7.4% vs. 13.2%; p = 0.305). A trend towards higher rate of permanent pacemaker implantation was observed in SEV (11.8% vs. 23.7%; p = 0.109). Conclusions Treatment of BAV revealed similar performance using BEV and SEV. In this retrospective cohort study, hemodynamics were more favorable with the SEV, although there was a trend toward more PVL and significantly more post-dilations.
Metastatic Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis From Primary Lobular Breast Cancer Found in a Medical School Cadaveric Dissection

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC) is an uncommon sequelae of metastatic cancer affecting the pia and arachnoid mater. It has been postulated that recent improvements in cancer patient survival time have increased the frequency of LC and other rare metastatic conditions that patients previously would not have lived long enough to experience. LC carries a universally poor prognosis with a mean survival of between two to four months if treated; however, the recent increase in incidence has allowed for further research into the condition and potential treatments. Options for administering chemotherapy have been limited in the past, but recent developments in surgical chemotherapeutic ports have allowed for intrathecal delivery of drugs like methotrexate without systemic exposure. In fact, innovative delivery systems undergoing clinical trials can deliver these drugs in a metronomic fashion to limit the leukoencephalopathy complications of methotrexate. Primary breast cancer is the most common source of metastatic leptomeningeal lesions, and such a lesion was observed by the authors in the cadaver of a 70-year-old Caucasian female with unspecified breast cancer in a medical school anatomic laboratory. The cause of death was listed as “complication of malignant neoplasm of unspecified site of unspecified female breast. ” Through this case report, we seek to develop our understanding of this rare metastatic phenomenon and highlight the importance of student cadaveric dissection.