Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nanopower CMOS sub-bandgap reference with 11 ppm/°C temperature coefficient

Two nanopower CMOS sub-bandgap references have been designed with the Chartered 0.35 mum CMOS process, which generate two precise voltages of 96.6 and 108.9 mV with minimal temperature coefficients of 11.4 and 9.2 ppm/degC, respectively. Both circuits operate properly with a supply voltage down to 1.1 V and a supply current below 26 nA. The power supply rejection ratio for each circuit without any filtering capacitor at 100 Hz and 10 MHz is lower than 60 and 40 dB, respectively.
Power direction method cannot be used for harmonic source detection

Power direction method has been widely used to identify the locations of harmonic sources in a power system. A number of utility-customer disputes over who is responsible for harmonic distortions have been settled with the help of the method. A closer examination of the method, however, reveals that the method is incorrect theoretically. A number of case studies show that the method can give incorrect results. In this paper, problems associated with the method are presented and analyzed.
Influence of Posture and Coil Position on the Safety of a WPT System While Recharging a Compact EV

In this study, the human exposure to the magnetic field emitted by a wireless power transfer (WPT) system during the static recharging operations of a compact electric vehicle (EV) is evaluated. Specifically, the influence of the posture of realistic anatomical models, both in standing and lying positions, either inside or outside the EV, is considered. Aligned and misaligned coil configurations of the WPT system placed both in the rear and front position of the car floor are considered as well. Compliance with safety standards and guidelines has proven that reference levels are exceeded in the extreme case of a person lying on the floor with a hand close to the WPT coils, whereas the system is always compliant with the basic restrictions, at least for the considered scenarios.
Whither the Nigerian Quantity Surveyors in the Information Technology Age

The paucity of information on the computing status of the quantity surveyors in Nigeria have been scanty and without empirical substantiation. The basic platform for entry to the information technology gateway is the acquisition, adoption and utilization of the computer. Baseline information is therefore indispensable for the profession to make strategic move alongside other professions in the built environment. This study therefore aimed at examination how the Quantity Surveyors (quantity surveying) have risen to the challenges of the computing as a tool that enhances his contribution to the construction delivery process. The study focused at discovering the state of the art of computing to the Quantity Surveying profession, the computing needs of the professionals and the inhibiting factors to effective computing drive, application and utilization. Using a survey design approach, a sample (N=35) was drawn on quantity surveyors from various organizations employing Quantity Surveying services in Lagos metropolis of Nigeria. The data were analysed using descriptive data analysis and mean item score to analyze responses obtained on a modified Likert scale instrument to generate relevant indices. The study revealed that the younger members of the profession are the most active in the quest for computer adoption, application and training. From this group about 83% are found to be using computers for their professional services, albeit, at elementary level. The management of firms seems not to be providing the necessary leadership for strategic computerization of quantity surveying services. Majority of the respondents underwent training in computer on personal and informal basis. The most popular quantity surveying package is the Master Bill (MB). The major inhibiting factors in computer acquisition are the indifference of management, cost element associated with acquisition and maintenance. It was found out that some quantity surveyors felt that computerization was not necessary. The study suggested that attitudinal change by the management of the firm and organizations employing quantity surveyors, on the one hand and the quantity surveyors themselves, on the other, is necessary. Quantity surveying software training is recommended to be part of quantity surveying curricula of quantity surveying training institutions as a way of ensuring standardization in training process and economizing the macro cost of training. The study advocated awareness campaign and creation of enabling environment for the development of local quantity surveying software. These, hopefully, will go a long way to create the required l platform for the quantity surveyors to move with the times. Key words : Computing, Quantity Surveyors, computing inhibiting factors, Quantity Surveying software. The Information Technologist Vol.1(1&2) 2004: 1-16
Valoración del confort térmico de bovinos productores de carne en finalización intensiva en clima cálido

Se valoró el confort térmico de ganado bovino productor de carne en finalización intensiva, mediante la disponibilidad de sombra y espacio vital, en condiciones de clima semiseco muy cálido de la región costera del noroeste de México durante el otoño y el invierno y alojados en tres tipos de corral. El diseño de los corrales varió de acuerdo con la infraestructura disponible en la unidad de producción pecuaria (área de corral y sombra por animal). El periodo de observación fue se seis semanas por época. Se registró la temperatura ambiente y la humedad relativa diaria y se calculó el Índice de Temperatura y Humedad (ITH). Se midió el área de cada corral, el área de sombra y el número de bovinos por corral para calcular el espacio vital y la sombra disponible al inicio y al final del periodo de engorde. En otoño, el ganado se encontró en estado de Peligro a Emergencia térmica (ITH ≥84 unidades) y en el invierno en estado de Alerta térmica (ITH ≥70). La provisión de espacio vital y de sombra fue insuficiente en ambas épocas y periodos de engorda de acuerdo con indicadores para la especie bovina productora de carne en confinamiento, independientemente del diseño del corral.
On a fundamental principle in the theory of planar antennas

General principle is presented which states that all of the properties of any planar antenna can be determined completely from any piece of its TE and TM partial pattern functions. The principle is based on the analytic properties of the pattern functions and on the fact that the aperture and pattern functions are related through the Fourier integral. It applies to much of antenna theory, transient as well as steady state. An interesting application is an analytic extension of the classical Poynting vector method as a means for determining input reactance, in addition to radiation resistance, of an antenna from its radiation pattern.
Semantic Segmentation of Remote Sensing Image Based on GAN and FCN Network Model

Accurate remote sensing image segmentation can guide human activities well, but current image semantic segmentation methods cannot meet the high-precision semantic recognition requirements of complex images. In order to further improve the accuracy of remote sensing image semantic segmentation, this paper proposes a new image semantic segmentation method based on Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and Fully Convolutional Neural Network (FCN). This method constructs a deep semantic segmentation network based on FCN, which can enhance the receptive field of the model. GAN is integrated into FCN semantic segmentation network to synthesize the global image feature information and then accurately segment the complex remote sensing image. Through experiments on a variety of datasets, it can be seen that the proposed method can meet the high-efficiency requirements of complex image semantic segmentation and has good semantic segmentation capabilities.
Exploration of Relationships among Clinical Gastrointestinal Indicators and Social and Sensory Symptom Severity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are associated with co-morbidities such as gastrointestinal (GI) symptomatology, which in the absence of known causes are potential indicators of gut microbiota that may influence behavior. This study’s purpose was to explore relationships among clinical GI indicators—diet, abdominal pain, and stool status—and ASD symptom severity, specifically social and sensory symptoms. Participants were 33 children with ASD, 3 to 16 years. The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2) and the Child Sensory Profile Scale (CSP-2) were used to appraise social and sensory symptomatology. Significant difference was found in overall SRS-2, t(31) = −3.220, p = 0.003 when compared by abdominal pain status using independent samples t-tests. Significant difference was observed for overall CSP-2, t(31) = −2.441, p = 0.021, when grouped by stool. The three clinical GI variables predicted overall SRS-2 score using multiple linear regression, F(3, 32) = 3.257, p = 0.036; coefficient for abdominal pain significantly contributed to the outcome. Findings contribute to the growing literature signaling the need to understand occurrence of GI symptomatology more deeply, and in consideration of diet status and its implications in the children’s everyday lives, behaviors, and symptom severity.
Rule-Based Intrusion Detection System for SCADA Networks

Increased interconnectivity of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems in renewable power system networks can potentially mean greater susceptibility to malicious attackers. SCADA systems have inherent cyber vulnerabilities as these systems were originally designed with limited consideration of cyber attacks or threats. There is little published literature which rigorously considers SCADA-based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) using the IEC 608705-104 protocol. This paper presents a rule-based IDS for IEC 60870-5-104 driven SCADA networks using an in-depth protocol analysis and a Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) method. The proposed SCADA-IDS involving signature-based and model-based detection is exemplified using a protocol traffic case-study.
Sliding Mode Control for an Electric Power Steering System in an Autonomous Lane Keeping System

In this paper, we develop a sliding mode control for steering wheel angle control based on torque overlay in order to resolve the problem of previous methods for Electric Power Steering (EPS) systems in the Lane Keeping System (LKS) of autonomous vehicles. For the controller design, we propose a 2nd order model of the electric power steering system in an autonomous LKS. The desired state model is designed to prevent a rapid change of the steering wheel angle. The sliding mode steering wheel angle controller is developed for the robustness of the disturbance. Since the proposed method is designed based on torque overlay, torque integration with basic functions of the EPS system for the steering wheel angle control is available for the driver’s convenience. The performance of the proposed method was validated via experiments.
Body Composition, Anemia, and Kidney Function among Guatemalan Sugarcane Workers

Rates of anemia among agricultural workers, who are also at risk for kidney injury and chronic kidney disease of unknown cause (CKDu), are unknown. We evaluated body composition through the sum of three skinfolds among 203 male sugarcane cutters and assessed the relationship of variables related to nutrition, anemia (hemoglobin < 13 g/dL), and elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c ≥ 5.7%) with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using linear regression. Eleven percent of workers were at the level of essential body fat (2–5%). Anemia was present among 13% of workers, 70% of which were normochromic normocytic, a type of anemia suggesting potential underlying chronic disease. Anemia was more common among those with lower BMI and fat free mass. The prevalence of elevated HbA1c was 21%. A moderate negative correlation was found between hemoglobin and HbA1c (Pearson’s r = −0.32, p < 0.01) which suggests that HbA1c values should be interpreted with caution in populations that have high rates of anemia. Twelve percent of workers had reduced kidney function with an eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2. On average, the eGFR was 18 mL/min per 1.73 m2 lower [(95% CI:−24, −12), p < 0.01)] for those with anemia than those without, and 8 mL/min per 1.73 m2 lower among those with elevated HbA1c [(95% CI: −13, −2), p < 0.01]. Results will inform future studies examining the role of anemia in the evaluation of CKDu and interventions to improve nutrition for workers in low-resource settings.
Low peak-power laser ultrasonics

Techniques for the successful excitation of guided ultrasonic waves using a low peak-power laser ultrasonic source are discussed and compared with more conventional Q-switched laser sources. The paper considers acoustic propagation in thin plates, in which the frequencies used, typically only the fundamental guided wave modes, are considered. Aspects of excitation and detection geometry are considered along with the physical mechanisms of photo-acoustic generation and the practical issues surrounding available source wavelengths and power outputs. Understanding of the effects of these constraints is critical for the successful application of the technique. Continuous wave excitation and fully arbitrary modulation schemes are compared, and a technique to control the bandwidth of Golay code modulation is introduced. It is shown that earlier work by the authors was capable of guided wave detection at peak-power densities of 104 W cm− 2. Later work has focussed on the use of erbium-doped fibre amplifiers combined with Golay code modulation to improve the recovered signal-to-noise ratio. Two key applications of the techniques are considered: material properties measurements (using inversion of dispersion curve data) and acoustic emission system calibration.
Oxytocin promotes epicardial cell activation and heart regeneration after cardiac injury

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and frequently leads to massive heart injury and the loss of billions of cardiac muscle cells and associated vasculature. Critical work in the last two decades demonstrated that these lost cells can be partially regenerated by the epicardium, the outermost mesothelial layer of the heart, in a process that highly recapitulates its role in heart development. Upon cardiac injury, mature epicardial cells activate and undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to form epicardial-derived progenitor cells (EpiPCs), multipotent progenitors that can differentiate into several important cardiac lineages, including cardiomyocytes and vascular cells. In mammals, this process alone is insufficient for significant regeneration, but it might be possible to prime it by administering specific reprogramming factors, leading to enhanced EpiPC function. Here, we show that oxytocin (OXT), a hypothalamic neuroendocrine peptide, induces epicardial cell proliferation, EMT, and migration in a model of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived epicardial cells. In addition, we demonstrate that OXT is produced after cardiac cryoinjury in zebrafish, and that it elicits significant epicardial activation promoting heart regeneration. Oxytocin signaling is also critical for proper epicardium development in zebrafish embryos. The above processes are significantly impaired when OXT signaling is inhibited chemically or genetically through RNA interference. RNA sequencing data suggests that the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway is the primary mediator of OXT-induced epicardial activation. Our research reveals for the first time an evolutionary conserved brain-controlled mechanism inducing cellular reprogramming and regeneration of the injured mammalian and zebrafish heart, a finding that could contribute to translational advances for the treatment of cardiac injuries.
Beak trimming and stocking densities for laying and performance traits and behavioral patterns in Japanese quails

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the productive performance, egg quality and behavioral patterns of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with and without beak trimming submitted to two stocking densities. The study was conducted for 84 days. In total, 196 Japanese quails were randomly allocated to a 2 x 2 factorial scheme: submitted or not to beak trimming procedure and low (237.5 cm²/bird) and high stocking density (316.7 cm/bird) and its interaction. Eight replicates per treatment were used, totaling 32 experimental units. Collected data were submitted to analysis of variance and, means of parametric data were compared by Tukey test (p<0.05); otherwise non-parametric analysis of variance were applied for non-parametric data of quail behavior. Lower feed intake was observed in the high stocking density group (p<0.05) but did not affect other parameters (p>0.05). There was no interaction (p>0.05) between beak trimming and stocking density over performance and egg quality. Quails without beak trimming housed in higher density showed more aggressiveness and stress. Egg quality as well as performance parameters of Japanese quails are not affected by applying 316.7 cm2/bird density.
Cleavage via Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Lignin or Lignin Model Compounds into Functional Chemicals

Lignin, a complex aromatic polymer with different types of methoxylated phenylpropanoid connections, enables the sustainable supply of value-added chemicals and biofuels through its use as a feedstock. Despite the development of numerous methodologies that upgrade lignin to high-value chemicals such as drugs and organic synthesis intermediates, the variety of valuable products obtained from lignin is still very limited, mainly delivering hydrocarbons and oxygenates. Using selective oxidation and activation cleavage of lignin, we can obtain value-added aromatics, including phenols, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acid. However, biorefineries will demand a broad spectrum of fine chemicals in the future, not just simple chemicals like aldehydes and ketones containing simple C = O groups. In particular, most n-containing aromatics, which have found important applications in materials science, agro-chemistry, and medicinal chemistry, such as amide, aniline, and nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, are obtained through n-containing reagents mediating the oxidation cleavage in lignin. This tutorial review provides updates on recent advances in different classes of chemicals from the catalytic oxidation system in lignin depolymerization, which also introduces those functionalized products through a conventional synthesis method. A comparison with traditional synthetic strategies reveals the feasibility of the lignin model and real lignin utilization. Promising applications of functionalized compounds in synthetic transformation, drugs, dyes, and textiles are also discussed.
Enhanced Deep Hierarchical Long Short-Term Memory and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory for Tamil Emotional Speech Recognition using Data Augmentation and Spatial Features

Neural networks have become increasingly popular for language modelling and within these large and deep models, overfitting, and gradient remains an important problem that heavily influences the model performance. As long short-term memory (LSTM) and bidirectional long short-term memory (BILSTM) individually solve long-term dependencies in sequential data, the combination of both LSTM and BILSTM in hierarchical gives added reliability to minimise the gradient, overfitting, and long learning issues. Hence, this paper presents four different architectures such as the Enhanced Deep Hierarchal LSTM & BILSTM (EDHLB), EDHBL, EDHLL & EDHBB has been developed. The experimental evaluation of a deep hierarchical network with spatial and temporal features selects good results for four different models. The average accuracy of EDHLB is 92.12%, EDHBL is 93.13, EDHLL is 94.14% & EDHBB is 93.19% and the accuracy level obtained for the basic models such as the LSTM, which is 74% and BILSTM, which is 77%. By evaluating all the models, EDHBL performs better than other models, with an average efficiency of 94.14% and a good accuracy rate of 95.7%. Moreover, the accuracy for the collected Tamil emotional dataset, such as happiness, fear, anger, sadness, and neutral emotions indicates 100% accuracy in a cross-fold matrix. Emotions such as disgust show around 80% efficiency. Lastly, boredom shows 75% accuracy. Moreover, the training time and evaluation time utilised by EDHBL is less when compared with the other models. Therefore, the experimental analysis shows EDHBL as superior to the other models on the collected Tamil emotional dataset. When compared with the basic models, it has attained 20% more efficiency.
Penalized generalized estimating equations for relative risk regression with applications to brain lesion data

Motivated by a brain lesion application, we introduce penalized generalized estimating equations for relative risk regression for modelling correlated binary data. Brain lesions can have varying incidence across the brain and result in both rare and high incidence outcomes. As a result, odds ratios estimated from generalized estimating equations with logistic regression structures are not necessarily directly interpretable as relative risks. On the other hand, use of log-link regression structures with the binomial variance function may lead to estimation instabilities when event probabilities are close to 1. To circumvent such issues, we use generalized estimating equations with log-link regression structures with identity variance function and unknown dispersion parameter. Even in this setting, parameter estimates can be infinite, which we address by penalizing the generalized estimating functions with the gradient of the Jeffreys prior. Our findings from extensive simulation studies show significant improvement over the standard log-link generalized estimating equations by providing finite estimates and achieving convergence when boundary estimates occur. The real data application on UK Biobank brain lesion maps further reveals the instabilities of the standard log-link generalized estimating equations for a large-scale data set and demonstrates the clear interpretation of relative risk in clinical applications.
Computer Vision for Human-Computer Interaction Using Noninvasive Technology

Computer vision is a significant component of human-computer interaction (HCI) processes in interactive control systems. In general, the interaction between humans and computers relies on the flexibility of the interactive visualization system. Electromyography (EMG) is a bioelectric signal used in HCI that can be captured noninvasively by placing electrodes on the human hand. Due to the impact of complex background, accurate recognition and analysis of human motion in real-time multitarget scenarios are considered challenging in HCI. Further, EMG signals of human hand motions are exceedingly nonlinear, and it is important to utilize a dynamic approach to address the noise problem in EMG signals. Hence, in this paper, the Optimized Noninvasive Human-Computer Interaction (ONIHCI) model has been proposed to predict human motion recognition. Average Intrinsic Mode Function (AIMF) has been used to reduce the noise factor in EMG signals. Furthermore, this paper introduces spatial thermographic imaging to overcome the conventional sensor problem, such as gesture recognition and human target identification in multitarget scenarios. The human motion behavior in spatial thermographic images is examined by target trajectory, and body movement kinematics is employed to classify human targets and objects. The experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed method reduces noise by 7.2% and improves accuracy by 97.2% in human motion recognition and human target identification.