Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contrails in a comprehensive global climate model: Parameterization and radiative forcing results

[1] A parameterization of contrails for use in comprehensive global climate models is introduced. It is based on the thermodynamic theory of contrail formation, which has been applied in a consistent way with the cloud parameterization scheme of the version 4 European Center/Hamburg General Circulation Model. Both the coverage and the optical properties of contrails are calculated as functions of instantaneous values of atmospheric variables as they are provided by the climate model. The resulting spatial distributions of contrail parameters prove to be useful for explaining observed differences between contrails in different geographical regions. The time mean properties of the simulated contrails are in fair agreement with observations, though the values of ice water path and optical depth tend to be somewhat lower than those reported from in situ measurements. The radiative forcing of contrails resulting from the climate model experiments is substantially lower than estimated in a previous study, where mean parameters for contrails and the ambient atmosphere were prescribed in a radiative transfer model. One contribution to this disagreement arises from the smaller mean ice water content in the climate model simulations. However, the largest part must be related to a different treatment of the interference of contrails with natural high clouds. The sensitivity of the contrail radiative forcing to systematic errors in simulated ambient atmospheric variables (like temperature, humidity, and natural clouds) as well as to the parameterization of cloud and contrail overlap needs to be investigated further.
A unified GPS‐based earthquake catalog for the Sumatran plate boundary between 2002 and 2013

We have compiled the first self‐consistent GPS‐based earthquake catalog for the Sumatran plate boundary. Using continuous daily position time series from the Sumatran GPS Array (SuGAr), we document 30 earthquakes which occurred within or outside the SuGAr network from August 2002 through the end of 2013, and we provide estimates of both vertical and horizontal coseismic offsets associated with 1 M9.2, 3 M8, 6 M7, 19 M6, and 1 M5.9 earthquakes, as well as postseismic decay amplitudes and times associated with 9 M > 7 earthquakes and 1 M6.7 earthquake. For most of the previously studied earthquakes, our geodetic catalog provides more complete coseismic displacements than those published, showing consistent patterns of motion across a large range of distances. For many of the moderate to large earthquakes, we publish their coseismic displacements for the first time, providing new constraints on their locations and slip distributions. For the postseismic time series, we have tackled the challenge of separating the signals for individual events from the overlapping effects of many other earthquakes. As a result, we have obtained either new or much longer time series than previously published. Based on our long time series, we find logarithmic decay times ranging from several days to more than 20 years, and sometimes a second decay time is needed, suggesting that when studying large to great Sumatran earthquakes, we need to consider multiple postseismic mechanisms. Our geodetic catalog provides rich spatial and temporal Sumatran earthquake cycle information for future studies of the physics and dynamics of the Sumatran plate boundary.
Chapter 1 General introduction and outline of this thesis

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A Fast Majorize-minimize Algorithm for the Recovery of Sparse and Low Rank Matrices

We introduce a novel algorithm to recover sparse and low-rank matrices from noisy and undersampled measurements. We pose the reconstruction as an optimization problem, where we minimize a linear combination of data consistency error, non-convex spectral penalty, and non-convex sparsity penalty. We majorize the non-differentiable spectral and sparsity penalties by quadratic expressions to realize an iterative, three-step, alternating minimization scheme. Since each of these steps can either be evaluated analytically or using fast schemes, we obtain a computa-tionally efficient algorithm. We demonstrate the utility of the algorithm in the context of dynamic MRI reconstruction from sub-Nyquist sampled measurements. The results show a significant improvement in signal to noise ratio and image quality compared to classical dynamic imaging algorithms. We expect the proposed scheme to be useful in a range of applications including video restoration and multidimensional MRI.
Electromagnetic Scattering Models for the Global Ice Sheet Mapping Orbiter Demonstrator

Recent interest in mapping the topography of basal surfaces of polar ice sheets motivated the development and deployment of a low-frequency imaging radar. The data available from this system can also be used to provide surface roughness properties at the upper surface of the ice sheet. The reflectivity of the basal surface is also of interest for detecting water bodies that could be present beneath kilometers of ice. Analyzing measured data from this system requires a proper calibration and a model that can predict the shape and the power level of the measured radar waveforms for given surface roughness parameters. This dissertation presents the development of a model to describe the averaged pulse return waveforms from the upper and basal surfaces of the ice sheet. The model takes the form of a convolution product of an impulse response of the flat surface, whose cross section per unit area is the same as for the actual rough surface, and other functions describing the surface roughness and the system impulse response. For low-frequency applications, this model (commonly referred to as the “Brown model” in high-frequency altimetry applications) after required modifications is justified through comparisons with a complete Physical Optics electromagnetic model. The convolution model, which is simpler to formulate, is then extended to two-dimensionally rough surfaces to study pulse returns from the ice sheet’s upper surface and the returns from the basal surface of the ice sheet. ii The study of scattering from the basal surface also requires a good estimate of the effective normalized radar cross section (NRCS) that also accounts for the layered structure of the surface. The formulation of the surface NRCS is also presented. With the model and NRCS formula presented, the visibility of the basal returns for given parameters – including radar platform heights, surface roughness, and attenuation caused by the ice volume – are examined. The results can be useful for further development of the radar system and for measurement planning. In addition, the pulse return model developed can be used to estimate the surface roughness of the ice sheet. The results consistent with those obtained from separated airborne laser altimeter measurement are obtained.
Carta al Editor

La migración internacional en Chile ha aumentado notablemente en los últimos años, alcanzando el 4,35% de la población el año 2017 (v/s 1,27% en 2002) (1). El fenómeno migratorio y los cambios relacionados con la globalización permiten la coexistencia de una amplia diversidad cultural en un mismo territorio. Esto significa una transformación en las relaciones sociales, para lograr una relación basada en el respeto y el diálogo simétrico entre culturas, apelando más que a una multiculturalidad y coexistencia cultural, a una verdadera convivencia intercultural significativa. La migración trae consigo múltiples desafíos que se encuentran presentes en distintas áreas y niveles de organización, que no resultan ajenos al sector de salud, donde profesionales deben lograr identificar y satisfacer necesidades de salud de una población cada vez más heterogénea. La migración se ha descrito como un determinante social de la salud, ya que el proceso de migrar puede exponer a las personas que transitan a riesgos asociados a su salud, posicionándolos como sujetos potencialmente vulnerables (2). Dentro de los desafíos del sector salud respecto a la migración, se encuentra el de lograr identificar y comprender las necesidades de personas con un contexto cultural diferente para lograr su satisfacción y bienestar de manera efectiva e integral. Los profesionales de salud tienen su propio contexto cultural, relacionado con la formación recibida desde pregrado, la que se caracteriza por regirse por un modelo predominantemente biomédico, con su propia concepción de persona, salud, enfermedad y atención/curación (3). Por lo que toda atención de salud resulta ser un encuentro intercultural, donde los distintos actores tienen sus propias expectativas del encuentro y sus posibles resoluciones. Profesionales de la salud identifican distintos desafíos para la atención de migrantes internacionales, destacando la diferencia cultural y la falta de herramientas para poder brindar un cuidado culturalmente sensible a sus necesidades (4). El cuidado de la salud se ha definido como una acción que va más allá del tratamiento y rehabilitación de la enfermedad, abarcando la promoción y mantención de la salud y la prevención de su deterioro en las poblaciones (5). La disciplina que se ha encargado del cuidado de personas y comunidades ha sido la enfermería, en distintos niveles de atención y contextos culturales. El concepto y formas de cuidado CARTA AL EDITOR
Near-infrared spectral reflectance of mineral mixtures - Systematic combinations of pyroxenes, olivine, and iron oxides

Near-infrared spectral reflectance data are presented for systematic variations in weight percent of two component mixtures of ferromagnesian and iron oxide minerals. Mixtures were chosen for application to the study of the dark materials on Mars, but the results are equally applicable to mafic and ultramafic assemblages elsewhere in the solar system. Olivine spectral features are greatly reduced in contrast by admixture of other phases but remain distinctive even for low olivine contents. Clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene mixtures show resolved pyroxene absorptions near 2 μm. The addition of limonite greatly modifies pyroxene and olivine reflectance but does not fully eliminate distinctive spectral characteristics. Using only spectral data in the 1-μm region, it is difficult to differentiate orthopyroxene and limonite (goethite) in a mixture. Additional spectral coverage or other evidence may be required for a unique interpretation. All composite mineral absorptions observed in this study are either weaker than or intermediate in strength to the end-member absorptions and have bandwidths greater than or equal to those for the end-members. In general, spectral properties in an intimate mixture combine in a complex, nonadditive manner, with features demonstrating a regular but usually nonlinear variation as a function of end-member phase proportions.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation by developed consortium in microcosms study.

A feasibility study was conducted prior to onsite full-scale bioremediation study. This feasibility study has investigated the possibility of bioaugmentation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-polluted soil with PAH-degrading strains or consortia. Five treatment optionsOil alone, Oil + Indigenous microflora, Oil + nutrients, Oil + nutrient + tilling, Oil + nutrient + tilling + developed consortium were evaluated. Out of five treatments the application of bacterial consortium, nutrients and environmental factors resulted in 79.16% removal of TPH in 60days, compared to 30.24% removal of TPH carried out by indigenous microflora. The results of High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis showed that the ratio of di / tri aromatics decreased from initial 0.63 to 0.25 with progressive treatment of nutrient addition, nutrient+tilling, nutrient+tilling+microbial seeding. Similar effect was observed in di / di+tri aromatics ratios which also decreased 0.31 to 0.20 by bioaugmentation only.
Session 1: Balancing intake and output: food v. exercise The control of meal size in human subjects: a role for expected satiety, expected satiation and premeal planning

Unlike energy expenditure, energy intake occurs during discrete events: snacks and meals. The prevailing view is that meal size is governed by physiological and psychological events that promote satiation towards the end of a meal. This review explores an alternative and perhaps controversial proposition. Specifically that satiation plays a secondary role, and that meal size (kJ) is controlled by decisions about portion size, before a meal begins. Recently, techniques have been developed that enable us to quantify 'expected satiation' and 'expected satiety' (respectively, the fullness and the respite from hunger that foods are expected to confer). When compared on a kJ-for-kJ basis, these expectations differ markedly across foods. Moreover, in self-selected meals, these measures are remarkably good predictors of the energy content of food that ends up on our plate, even more important than palatability. Expected satiation and expected satiety are influenced by the physical characteristics of a food (e.g. perceived volume). However, they are also learned. Indeed, there is now mounting evidence for 'expected-satiation drift', a general tendency for a food to have higher expected satiation as it increases in familiarity. Together, these findings show that important elements of control (discrimination and learning/adaptation) are clearly evident in plans around portion size. Since most meals are eaten in their entirety, understanding the nature of these controls should be given high priority.
Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning : synthesis and perspectives

1. BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING: THE EMERGENCE OF A SYNTHETIC FRAMEWORK 3. PLANT DIVERSITY AND COMPOSITION: EFFECTS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND NUTRIENT DYNAMICS OF EXPERIMENTAL GRASSLANDS 7. A NEW LOOK AT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STABILITY AND DIVERSITY 11. CONTRIBUTIONS OF AQUATIC MODEL SYSTEMS TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING 17. SPECIES DIVERSITY, FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING 20. PERSPECTIVES AND CHALLENGES
Super-Resolution Person Re-Identification With Semi-Coupled Low-Rank Discriminant Dictionary Learning

Person re-identification has been widely studied due to its importance in surveillance and forensics applications. In practice, gallery images are high resolution (HR), while probe images are usually low resolution (LR) in the identification scenarios with large variation of illumination, weather, or quality of cameras. Person re-identification in this kind of scenarios, which we call super-resolution (SR) person re-identification, has not been well studied. In this paper, we propose a semi-coupled low-rank discriminant dictionary learning (SLD2L) approach for SR person re-identification task. With the HR and LR dictionary pair and mapping matrices learned from the features of HR and LR training images, SLD2L can convert the features of the LR probe images into HR features. To ensure that the converted features have favorable discriminative capability and the learned dictionaries can well characterize intrinsic feature spaces of the HR and LR images, we design a discriminant term and a low-rank regularization term for SLD2L. Moreover, considering that low resolution results in different degrees of loss for different types of visual appearance features, we propose a multi-view SLD2L (MVSLD2L) approach, which can learn the type-specific dictionary pair and mappings for each type of feature. Experimental results on multiple publicly available data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approaches for the SR person re-identification task.
Environmental and Natural Resource Economics: A Contemporary Approach

I. Introduction: The Economy and the Environment 1. Changing Perspectives on the Environment 2. Resources, Environment, and Economic Development II. Economic Analysis of Environmental Issues 3. The Theory of Environmental Externalities 4. Common-Property Resources and Public Goods 5. Resource Allocation Over Time 6. Valuing the Environment III. Ecological Economics and Environmental Accounting 7. Ecological Economics: Basic Concepts 8. National Income and Environmental Accounting 9. Modeling Economic and Ecological Systems IV. Population, Agriculture, and the Environment 10. Population and the Environment 11. Agriculture, Food, and Environment V. Energy and Resources 12. Nonrenewable Resources: Scarcity and Abundance 13. Energy: The Great Transition 14. Renewable Resource Use: Fisheries 15. Ecosystem Management: Forest and Water Systems VI. Pollution: Impacts and Policy Responses 16. Pollution: Analysis and Policy 17. Industrial Ecology 18. Global Climate Change VII. Environment, Trade, and Development 19. World Trade and the Environment 20. Institutions for Sustainable Development
Glucocorticoid Protection of Oligodendrocytes against Excitotoxin Involving Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1alpha in a Cell-type-specific Manner Recommended Citation Glucocorticoid Protection of Oligodendrocytes against Excitotoxin Involving Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1␣ in a Cell-type-specific Manner

Glucocorticoid protection of oligodendrocytes against excitotoxin involving hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in a cell-type-specific manner. Glucocorticoids are commonly used in treating diseases with white matter lesions, including demyelinating diseases and spinal cord injury (SCI). However, glucocorticoids are ineffective in gray matter injuries, such as head injury and stroke. The differential glucocor-ticoid effects in white and gray matter injuries are unclear. We report here a novel mechanism of methylprednisolone (MP), a synthetic glucocorticoid widely used for treating multiple sclerosis and SCI, in protecting oligodendrocytes (OLGs) against AMPA-induced exci-totoxicity, which has been implicated in the white matter injuries and diseases. The cytoprotective action of MP in OLGs is causally related to its upregulation of a neuroprotective cytokine erythropoietin (Epo). MP transactivation of Epo expression involves dual transcription factors: glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1␣ (HIF-1␣). Coimmunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipi-tation analysis, yeast two-hybrid analysis, and structure modeling of three-dimensional protein–protein interactions confirm that MP induces interaction between GR DNA binding domain and HIF-1␣ PAS domain, with subsequent recruitment of HIF-1␤ to transactivate Epo expression in OLGs. In contrast, MP activates GR but does not induce GR–HIF-1␣ interaction, HIF-1␣ binding to Epo enhancer/ promoter, or Epo expression in cultured cortical neurons. The OLG-specific GR–HIF-1␣ transactivation of Epo provides novel insights into the development of more effective therapies for diseases affecting the white matter.
Implementation and Evaluation of an E cient D Parallel Delaunay Triangulation Algorithm

This paper describes the derivation of an empirically e cient parallel two dimensional Delaunay triangulation program from a theoretically e cient CREW PRAM algorithm Compared to pre vious work the resulting implementation is not limited to datasets with a uniform distribution of points achieves signi cantly better speedups over good serial code and is widely portable due to its use of MPI as a communication mechanism Results are presented for a loosely coupled cluster of workstations two distributed memory multicomputers and a shared memory multiprocessor The Machiavelli toolkit used to transform the nested data parallelism inherent in the divide and conquer algorithm into achievable task and data parallelism is also described and compared to previous techniques
Biology, ecology, control and management of the invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish: An updated integrated assessment

Venomous Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois miles and P. volitans) are now established along the Southeast U.S.A. and parts of the Caribbean and pose a serious threat to reef fish communities of these regions. Lionfish are likely to invade the Gulf of Mexico and potentially South America in the near future. Introductions of lionfish were noted since the 1980s along south Florida and by 2000 lionfish were established off the coast of North Carolina. Lionfish are now one of the more numerous predatory reef fishes at some locations off the Southeast U.S.A. and Caribbean. Lionfish are largely piscivores that feed occasionally on economically important reef fishes. The trophic impacts of lionfish could alter the structure of native reef fish communities and potentially hamper stock rebuilding efforts of the Snapper –Grouper Complex. Additional effects of the lionfish invasion are far-reaching and could increase coral reef ecosystem stress, threaten human health, and ultimately impact the marine aquarium industry. Control strategies for lionfish are needed to mitigate impacts, especially in protected areas. This integrated assessment provides a general overview of the biology and ecology of lionfish including genetics, taxonomy, reproductive biology, early life history and dispersal, venom defense and predation, and feeding ecology. In addition, alternative management actions for mitigating the negative impacts of lionfish, approaches for reducing the risk of future invasions, and directions for future research are provided.
Alcohol septal ablation for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disease occurring in up to 1 in 500 of the general population. HCM is often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed, and asymptomatic cases are often unrecognized. Asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) most often develops during the period of rapid body growth of adolescence, but it may be present in childhood or even before birth. Progressive LVH after age 20 is uncommon, but initial diagnosis even in old age is not. The hypertrophy predominantly involves the left ventricle, and is often more marked than in any other cardiac disease. Hypertrophy may involve the right ventricle, and an atrial myopathy may be progressive (left atrial enlargement and increased risks of atrial fibrillation). Right ventricle and left atrium involvement may be secondary to the left ventricular disease and/or a primary consequence of the basic molecular defect. The LVH represents hypertrophy and hyperplasia of several cell types, including cardiac myocytes, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells, along with excessive collagen and matrix deposition, and abnormalities of the microvasculature. The normal parallel arrangement of myocytes is often disturbed (fibre disarray).
Glycemic challenge is associated with the rapid cellular activation of the locus ceruleus and nucleus of solitary tract: Circumscribed spatial analysis of phosphorylated MAP kinase immunoreactivity in relation to catecholaminergic and cholinergic chemoarchitecture

nucleus of solitary tract: Circumscribed spatial analysis of phosphorylated MAP kinase immunoreactivity in relation to catecholaminergic and cholinergic chemoarchitecture Geronimo P. Tapia 1,3,†, Lindsay J. Agostinelli 5,†, Sarah D. Chenausky 1,2, Jessica V. Salcido Padilla 1,2, Vanessa I. Navarro 1,3, Amy Alagh 5, Gabriel Si 5, Richard H. Thompson 5,6, Sivasai Balivada 1, and Arshad M. Khan 1,4,5,*