Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Climatic Change Projection for the Ocean around Japan using a High-Resolution Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Regional Climate Model

We developed a high-resolution, Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Regional Climate Model to project climate change over Japan with more sophisticated atmosphereocean interaction. The model represented sea surface temperature (SST) distribution well. An SST bias over the Japan Sea was improved by 10 to 20% compared to a non-coupled ocean model driven by atmospheric forcing in a GCM. These results indicate that realistic, high-resolution atmospheric conditions positively impact on the reproduction and projection of oceanic conditions. SST in the future projection simulation was 1 to 6°C warmer than in the present climate run. A particularly remarkable warming signal was projected to the sea east of Hokkaido in both summer and winter. The model also simulated cooling SST off Sanriku (143E/39N) in winter, which has never obtained by non-coupled ocean model. These projected SST results are likely to be related to future changes in surface wind.
Globorotalia truncatulinoides' Growth and chemistry as probes of the past thermocline: 1. Shell size

This work identifies features of the life history of the deep-living planktonic foraminifer Globorotalia truncatulinoides that offer possibilities for reconstructing characteristics of the past ocean's main thermocline. Part 1 considers two aspects of variation in shell size: the predictability of growth-related size changes, which we need to calculate changes in shell chemistry, and a model for environmentally forced changes in shell size frequency, which suggests how shell size may be a direct source of paleoceanographic information. Even though size variation among shells of G. truncatulinoides at the same stage of growth (same number of chambers) exceeds the size difference between successive growth stages, growth-related size changes are predictable because shells tend to grow at the same rate. Variation in initial shell size is sufficient to account for the large size variation found among shells at the same stage of growth. Several lines of evidence suggest that G. truncatulinoides reproduces at ∼600 m in the water column, and it appears that vertical mixing to that depth is required to return juvenile shells to the surface. Anything that prevents this, such as shallowing of the thermocline, can interfere with G. truncatulinoides' life history in such a way that its shell size-frequency distributions are altered. Among shells falling to the seafloor from a reproducing population are large numbers of both juvenile and adult sizes and, if reproduction is inhibited, the frequencies of those sizes are reduced and the relative frequency of intermediate-sized shells increases. A paleoceanographically useful result of this is that the topography of the main thermocline tends to be reflected in the size-frequency distribution of G. truncatulinoides' shells from the underlying sediments: In areas where the top of the main thermocline is shallower than ∼600 m, production of juveniles (125–177 µm) and reproductive adults (>425 µm) is reduced, leaving predominantly intermediate-sized (212–355 µm) shells.
Oceanic primary production estimates from measurements of spectral irradiance and pigment concentrations

A major objective of biological oceanography today is to quantify the mean and the variance of phytoplankton production on a global basis. Synoptic satellite sensing of the world's ocean is essential to this effort which requires contemporaneous sea surface data to provide complete water column information. Toward these objectives we present a spectrally dependent bio-optical model for the computation of in situ phytoplankton production. Using this model we show that in situ phytoplankton production can be accurately estimated from measurements of incident spectral irradiance and phytoplankton pigment concentrations. We also present estimates of photosynthetically absorbed radiation as a function of wavelength for a natural phytoplankton population. These complete spectral data provide insight into the wavelength-dependent utilization of radiant energy by phytoplankton and the influence of phytoplankton on the optical properties of the water column. We show that the model can be used for shipboard observations and that it may be especially useful for predicting production rates from data provided by untended buoys.
Tight lesion in underexpanded stent: a contemporary approach based on delayed intravascular lithotripsy

A patient with massive calcification of the coronary arteries and an unexpanded coronary stent is reported. Due to the persistence of Canadian Cardiovascular Society class III angina, many endovascular treatment techniques were attempted, but most of them were ineffective. Full expansion of the previously implanted stent and resolution of the lesion in the circumflex artery was finally achieved with the use of intracoronary lithotripsy. After successful treatment, the patient is under the care of a cardiology clinic and remains asymptomatic.
Role of Ubiquitination and Epigenetics in the Regulation of AhR Signaling in Carcinogenesis and Metastasis: “Albatross around the Neck” or “Blessing in Disguise”

The molecular mechanisms and signal transduction cascades evoked by the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) are becoming increasingly understandable. AhR is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor that integrates environmental, dietary and metabolic cues for the pleiotropic regulation of a wide variety of mechanisms. AhR mediates transcriptional programming in a ligand-specific, context-specific and cell-type-specific manner. Pioneering cutting-edge research works have provided fascinating new insights into the mechanistic role of AhR-driven downstream signaling in a wide variety of cancers. AhR ligands derived from food, environmental contaminants and intestinal microbiota strategically activated AhR signaling and regulated multiple stages of cancer. Although AhR has classically been viewed and characterized as a ligand-regulated transcriptional factor, its role as a ubiquitin ligase is fascinating. Accordingly, recent evidence has paradigmatically shifted our understanding and urged researchers to drill down deep into these novel and clinically valuable facets of AhR biology. Our rapidly increasing realization related to AhR-mediated regulation of the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of different proteins has started to scratch the surface of intriguing mechanisms. Furthermore, AhR and epigenome dynamics have shown previously unprecedented complexity during multiple stages of cancer progression. AhR not only transcriptionally regulated epigenetic-associated molecules, but also worked with epigenetic-modifying enzymes during cancer progression. In this review, we have summarized the findings obtained not only from cell-culture studies, but also from animal models. Different clinical trials are currently being conducted using AhR inhibitors and PD-1 inhibitors (Pembrolizumab and nivolumab), which confirm the linchpin role of AhR-related mechanistic details in cancer progression. Therefore, further studies are required to develop a better comprehension of the many-sided and “diametrically opposed” roles of AhR in the regulation of carcinogenesis and metastatic spread of cancer cells to the secondary organs.
Bermuda and Appalachian-Labrador rises: Common non-hotspot processes?

Other than the Corner Rise-New England seamounts and associated White Mountains, most postbreakup intraplate igneous activity and topographic uplift in the western North Atlantic and eastern North America do not readily conform to simple hotspot models. For example, the Bermuda Rise trends normal to its predicted hotspot trace. On continental crust, Cretaceous-Eocene igneous activity is scattered along a northeast-trending belt ∼500-1000 km west of and paralleling the continent-ocean boundary. Corresponding activity in the western Atlantic generated seamounts preferentially clustered in a belt ∼1000 km east of the boundary. The Eocene volcanism on Bermuda is paired with coeval magmatism of the Shenandoah igneous province, and both magmatic belts are associated with northeast-trending topographic bulges—the Appalachian-Labrador Rise to the west and the Bermuda Rise (Eocene? ) to the east. The above observations suggest the existence of paired asthenosphere upwelling, paralleling and controlled by the deep thermal contrast across the northeast-trending continental margin. Such convection geometry, apparently fixed to the North American plate rather than to hotspots, is consistent with recent convection models by B. Hager. The additional importance of plate-kinematic reorganizations (causing midplate stress enhancement) is suggested by episodic igneous activity ca. 90-100 Ma and 40-45 Ma.
Metallic ion binding by Bacillus subtilis; implications for the fossilization of microorganisms

The silicification of bacterial cells has been followed in a laboratory simulation by electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Structural degradation of the bacteria was not influenced by silica availability, but the remains of degraded cells did promote the precipitation of silica. In contrast, cells reacted with ferric iron before aging remained intact, and structures conforming to the original morphology of the bacteria were preserved by silicification. The binding of metallic ions by microbial cells, in particular the retention of iron, is therefore considered to be an important contributing factor to the fossilization of microorganisms.
Atmospheric impacts of an Arctic sea ice minimum as seen in the Community Atmosphere Model

There is growing recognition that reductions in Arctic sea ice extent will influence patterns of atmospheric circulation both within and beyond the Arctic. We explore the impact of 2007 ice conditions (the second lowest Arctic sea ice extent in the satellite era) on atmospheric circulation and surface temperatures and fluxes through a series of model experiments with the NCAR Community Atmospheric Model version 3 (CAM3). Two 30‐year simulations were performed; one using climatological sea ice extent for the end of the 20th century and other using observed sea ice extent from 2007. Circulation differences over the Northern Hemisphere were most prominent during autumn and winter with lower sea level pressure (SLP) and tropospheric pressure simulated over much of the Arctic for the 2007 sea ice experiment. The atmospheric response to 2007 ice conditions was much weaker during summer, with negative SLP anomalies simulated from Alaska across the Arctic to Greenland. Higher temperatures and larger surface fluxes to the atmosphere in areas of anomalous open water were also simulated. CAM3 experiment results were compared to observed SLP anomalies from the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) Reanalysis data. The observed SLP anomalies during spring are nearly opposite to those simulated. In summer, large differences were shown between the observed and simulated SLP also, suggesting that the sea ice conditions in the months preceding and during the summer of 2007 were not responsible for creating an atmospheric circulation pattern which favoured the large observed sea ice loss. The simulated and observed atmospheric circulation anomalies during autumn and winter were more similar than spring and summer, with the exception of a strong high pressure system in the Beaufort Sea which was not simulated, suggesting that the forced atmospheric response to reduced sea ice was in part responsible for the observed atmospheric circulation anomalies during autumn and winter.
A Deep Neural Network Modeling Methodology for Efficient EMC Assessment of Shielding Enclosures Using MECA-Generated RCS Training Data

We develop a deep neural network (DNN) modeling methodology to predict the radiated emissions of a shielding enclosure in terms of its aperture attributes including aperture shape, size, pitch, and quantity. The target structure is the inside of a 3-D enclosure comprising perfect electric conductor (PEC) boundaries with dimensions of a desktop personal computer (PC) containing thermal dissipation apertures on the surface of its back panel. The DNN model is developed to compute the radar cross section (RCS) as a function of aperture attributes to enable the efficient assessment of the PC's electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). To generate training data for machine learning (ML), we implement the modified equivalent current approximation (MECA) method and validate it against analytical methods and a commercial field-solver. We use MECA to compute RCS data for approximately 55 000 experiments across a wide range of aperture attributes. We examine numerous DNN models across parameters such as number of layers and nodes per layer, activation function, optimization algorithm, loss function, batch size, and epoch, to identify the optimal DNN model based on the following: 1) accuracy, 2) computation time, and 3) memory usage. Results show excellent agreement between MECA and DNN predictions for previously unseen cases.
Signal reconstruction using determinantal sampling

We study the approximation of a square-integrable function from a finite number of evaluations on a random set of nodes according to a well-chosen distribution. This is particularly relevant when the function is assumed to belong to a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). This work proposes to combine several natural finite-dimensional approximations based two possible probability distributions of nodes. These distributions are related to determinantal point processes, and use the kernel of the RKHS to favor RKHS-adapted regularity in the random design. While previous work on determinantal sampling relied on the RKHS norm, we prove mean-square guarantees in $L^2$ norm. We show that determinantal point processes and mixtures thereof can yield fast convergence rates. Our results also shed light on how the rate changes as more smoothness is assumed, a phenomenon known as superconvergence. Besides, determinantal sampling generalizes i.i. d. sampling from the Christoffel function which is standard in the literature. More importantly, determinantal sampling guarantees the so-called instance optimality property for a smaller number of function evaluations than i.i. d. sampling.
The Importance of Motor Evoked Potential Findings in Acute-Subacute Odontoid Dislocations

Background: Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may give a functional assessment of corticospinal conduction. The aim of this study is to confirm the value of MEPs for the assessment of the dysfunction in spinal cord transmission in patients with clinically minimally symptomatic or asymptomatic and acute-subacute odontoid pathologies. Methods: We measured the MEPs of five cases with acute-subacute odontoid dislocations by using TMS. Demografic features, neurological examinations and neuroimaging findings of the patients have also been noted. Results: The CMCTs and MEP latencies after cortical stimulus of all patients with acute-subacute odontoid dislocation prolonged bilaterally. Additionally, MEP amplitudes were observed decreased in all cases. Conclusions: MEP is quite valuable to show involvement in clinically and radiologically silent cases. Our findings in acute-subacute cases without myelopathy showed us that the CMCTs were prolonged especially in the cases who had motor defisits but also in asymptomatic cases.
Monitoring and characterization of atmospheric aerosols with Raman and dual-polarization lidars

Atmospheric aerosols play a key role on climate balance (direct, semi-direct and indirect effects), on human health (increase of breathing problems and lung cancer for pollution aerosols) and human activities (damage to aircraft engines by volcanic ashes, reduction of visibility by dust or pollution aerosols). In order to monitor and characterize this threat it is necessary to localize, characterize and possibly quantify the presence of aerosols in the atmosphere from the lowest layers (~100 m) up to the tropopause (18 km). We use here an approach based on measurements of the new Raman and dual-polarization LiDAR R-Man510. We present in this paper how it is possible to detect atmospheric layers, to retrieve their optical properties and to classify these layers with this sensor.
The solar wind interaction with Mars: Mariner 4, Mars 2, Mars 3, Mars 5, and Phobos 2 observations of bow shock position and shape

Observations taken by Mariner 4, Mars 2, Mars 3, Mars 5, and Phobos 2 are used to model the shape, position, and variability of the Martian bow shock for the purpose of better understanding the interaction of this planet with the solar wind. Emphasis is placed upon comparisons with the results of similar analyses at Venus, the only planet known to have no significant intrinsic magnetic field. Excellent agreement is found between Mars bow shock models derived from the earlier Mariner-Mars data set (24 crossings in 1964–1974) and the far more extensive observations recently returned by Phobos 2 (94 crossings in 1989). The best fit model to the aggregate data set locates the subsolar bow shock at a planetocentric distance of 1.56±0.04 RM. Mapped into the terminator plane, the average distance to the Martian bow shock is 2.66±0.05 RM. Compared with Venus, the bow wave at Mars is significantly more distant in the terminator plane, 2.7 RM versus 2.4 RV, and over twice as variable in location with a standard deviation of 0.49 RM versus 0.21 RV at Venus. The Mars 2, 3, and 5 and Phobos 2 data also contain a small number of very distant dayside shock crossings with inferred subsolar obstacle radii derived from gasdynamic modeling of 2000 to 4000 km. Such distant bow shock occurrences do not appear to take place at Venus and may be associated with the expansion of a small Martian magnetosphere under the influence of unusually low solar wind pressure. Finally, the altitude of the Venus bow shock has a strong solar cycle dependence believed to be due to the effect of solar EUV on the neutral atmosphere and mass loading. Comparison of the Phobos 2 shock observations near solar maximum (Rz = 141) with the Mariner-Mars measurements taken much farther from solar maximum (Rz = 59) indicates that the Martian bow shock location is independent of solar cycle phase and, hence, solar EUV flux. These results are interpreted in terms of a hybrid solar wind interaction model in which this planet possesses a weak, but significant, intrinsic magnetic field.
An Overview of Machine Learning Applications in Sports Injury Prediction

Use injuries, i.e., injuries caused by repetitive strain on the body, represent a serious problem in athletics that has traditionally relied on historic datasets and human experience for prevention. Existing methodologies have been frustratingly slow at developing higher precision prevention practices. Technological advancements have permitted the emergence of artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) as promising toolsets to enhance both injury mitigation and rehabilitation protocols. This article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in ML techniques as they have been applied to sports injury prediction and prevention. A comprehensive literature review was conducted searching PubMed/Medline, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)/Institute of Engineering and Technology (IET), and ScienceDirect. Ovid Discovery and Google Scholar were used to provide additional aggregate results and a grey literature search. A focus was placed on papers published from 2017 to 2022. Algorithms of interest were limited to K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), K-means, decision tree, random forest, gradient boosting and AdaBoost, and neural networks. A total of 42 original research papers were included, and their results were summarized. We conclude that given the current lack of open source, uniform data sets, as well as a reliance on dated regression models, no strong conclusions about the real-world efficacy of ML as it applies to sports injury prediction can be made. However, it is suggested that addressing these two issues will allow powerful, novel ML architectures to be deployed, thus rapidly advancing the state of this field, and providing validated clinical tools.
Rupture process of the Mw = 7.9 2015 Gorkha earthquake (Nepal): Insights into Himalayan megathrust segmentation

We investigate the rupture process of the 25 April 2015 Gorkha earthquake (Mw = 7.9) using a kinematic joint inversion of teleseismic waves, strong motion data, high‐rate GPS, static GPS, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. The rupture is found to be simple in terms of coseismic slip and even more in terms of rupture velocity, as both inversion results and a complementing back projection analysis show that the main slip patch broke unilaterally at a steady velocity of 3.1–3.3 km/s. This feature likely contributes to the moderate peak ground acceleration (0.2 g) observed in Kathmandu. The ~15 km deep rupture occurs along the base of the coupled portion of the Main Himalayan Thrust and does not break the area ranging from Kathmandu to the front. The limitation in length and width of the rupture cannot be identified in the preearthquake interseismic coupling distribution and is therefore discussed in light of the structural architecture of the megathrust.
Simulation of the Madden–Julian Oscillation in the NCAR CCM3 Using a Revised Zhang–McFarlane Convection Parameterization Scheme

Abstract This study presents the simulation of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) in the NCAR CCM3 using a modified Zhang–McFarlane convection parameterization scheme. It is shown that, with the modified scheme, the intraseasonal (20–80 day) variability in precipitation, zonal wind, and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) is enhanced substantially compared to the standard CCM3 simulation. Using a composite technique based on the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, the paper demonstrates that the simulated MJOs are in better agreement with the observations than the standard model in many important aspects. The amplitudes of the MJOs in 850-mb zonal wind, precipitation, and OLR are comparable to those of the observations, and the MJOs show clearly eastward propagation from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific. In contrast, the simulated MJOs in the standard CCM3 simulation are weak and have a tendency to propagate westward in the Indian Ocean. Nevertheless, there remain several deficiencies that are yet.
Workshop on the Evaluation of Natural Language Processing Systems Held in Wayne, Pennsylvania on December 7-9, 1988

Abstract : In order to make progress in the difficult area of natural language evaluation, a workshop was held in December 1988 at the Wayne Hotel in Wayne, Pennsylvania. The activities and result of that workshop are recorded in this report. Keywords: Natural language processing; Evaluation; NLP; Military publication periodicals.
The Seismic 8° Discontinuity and Partial Melting in Continental Mantle

Strong, scattered reflections beyond 8 degrees (8°) offset are characteristic features of all high-resolution seismic sections from the continents. The reflections identify a low-velocity zone below approximately 100 kilometers depth beneath generally stratified mantle. This zone may be caused by partial melting, globally initiated at equal depth in the continental mantle. Solid state is again attained at the Lehmann discontinuity in cold, stable areas, whereas the zone extends to near the 400-kilometer discontinuity in hot, tectonically active areas. Thus, the depth to the Lehmann discontinuity may be an indicator of the thermal state of the continental mantle.