Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eco-climatic classification of Tuscany through NOAA-AVHRR data

Abstract Eco-climatic classifications have proved to be of great utility for the planning and management of various agricultural and forestry activities. Since the usual methods are often expensive and not easy to apply, remote sensing data processing has recently been proposed to identify ecologically homogeneous land units. NOAA AVHRR data in particular have been demonstrated to be suitable for this purpose thanks to their spatial resolution and frequent acquisition. While most works in this field have dealt only with NDVI imagery, it has been suggested that thermal and ancillary data could also bring significant information. These considerations have been kept in mind during the present study, which concerns the eco-climatic classification of a complex Italian Region by the use of NOAA NDVI and thermal images from two years in addition to ancillary data. A complete methodology was developed for the processing of this integrated data set with particular reference to the identification of the suitable nu.
A new method for estimating growth and mortality parameters from length frequency data

A n e w , s l m p l e m e t h o d h a s b e e n f o u n d t o e s t l m a t e t h e a s y m p t o t t c l e n g t h (La ) a n d t h e r a t l o o f t h e c o e f f l c l e n t s of m o r t a l i t y a n d g r o w t h (Z/K) u s l n g o n l y l e n g t h t r c q u e n c y d a t a f r o m a f l s h c a t c h . T h e o r e t l c a l d e t a l l s o f t h e m e t h o d a r e g l v e n I n a p a p e r b y J . A . W e t h e r a l I , J . J . P o l o v l n a , a n d S . R a l s t o n , t o a p p e a r I n t h e f o r t h c o m l n g ICLARM p r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e 1 9 8 5 S l c l l y c o n f e r e n c e o n l e n g t h b a s e d s t o c k a s s e s s m e n t ( S e e F l s h b y t e 3 ( 1 ) , M a r c h 1 9 8 5 ) . A p r a c t i c a l u s e r ' s g u l d e t o t h e n e w p r o c e d u r e , w l t h c o m p u t a t t o n a l a l g o r l t h m s a n d T u r b o P a s c a l c o d e , w l l l b e a v a i l a b l e s o o n f r o m t h e a u t h o r . I n t h l s r a p o r t o n l y a b r l e f d e s c r l p t l o n of t h e m e t h o d is given. see also P a u l y , t h i s issue). T h e s a m p l e d f i s h p o p u l a t i o n Is a s s u m e d t o b e s t a b l e , w l t h c o n s t a n t a n n u a l r e c r u t t m e n t , v o n B e r t a l a n f f y g r o w t h , a n d c o n t 1 n u o u s m o r t a l 1 t y o c c u r r t n g a t a u n l f o r m . I n s t a n t a n e o u s r a t e . A r a n d o m s a m p l e o f n f l s h a r e m e a s u r e d , m o f t h e s e l o n g e r t h a n a particular k n 1 f e e d g e s e l e c t I o n l e n g t h . T h e m e a s u r e m e n t s a r e r e t a l n e d f o r a n a l y s t s , a n d d a t a o n f i s h s h o r t e r t h a n t h e s e l e c t I o n l e n g t h a r e n e g l e c t e d . I n p r a c t l c e t h e a s s u m p t l o n s o n r e c r u l t m e n ) , g r o w t h , m o r t a l l t y a n d s i r e
Antarctic's role pursued in global climate change

The impact of Antarctica on global climate change and the impact of global climate change on Antarctica are the focal points of a current series of expeditions there, and an international, interdisciplinary array of researchers met this past spring to go over the expeditions' progress. Advances were reported in describing the impact of the seasonal cycle, semiannual oscillation, and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle on Antarctic accumulation in recent decades. Difficulties still remain, however, in explaining fully the history and forcing of the Antarctic climate and the links between tropical forcing and high-latitude response. The difficulties arise largely because of the relatively short duration and sparse spatial coverage of Antarctic meteorological data.
Morphology and Petrography of Volcanic Ashes

Volcanic ash samples collected from a variety of recent eruptions were studied using petrography, chemical analyses, and scanning electron microscopy to characterize each ash type and to relate ash morphology to magma composition and the type of eruption. The ashes are best placed into two broad genetic categories: magmatic and phreatomagmatic. Ashes from magmatic eruptions are formed when expanding gases in the magma form a froth that loses its coherence as it approaches the ground surface. During phreatomagmatic eruptions, the magma is chilled on contact with ground or surface waters, resulting in violent steam eruptions. Within these two genetic categories, ashes from different magma types can be characterized. The “pigeonhole” classification used here is for convenience; there are eruptions which are driven by both phreatic and magmatic gases. The morphology of ash particles from magmatic eruptions of high-viscosity magma is governed primarily by vesicle density and shape. The vitric ash particles are generally angular, vesicular pumiceous fragments or thin vesicle-wall fragments. The morphology of lithic fragments is dependent on the texture and mechanical properties of the rock units broken up during the eruption; most of the samples studied contain equant, angular to subrounded lithic fragments. Ash particles from eruptions of low-viscosity magmas are mostly droplets; droplet shape is in part controlled by surface tension, acceleration of the droplets after they leave the vent, and air friction. Shapes range from perfect spheres to a variety of twisted, elongate droplets with smooth, fluidal surfaces. The morphology of ash particles from phreatomagmatic eruptions is controlled by stresses within the chilled magma which result in fragmentation of the glass to form small blocky or pyramidal glass ash particles. Vesicle density and shape play only a minor role in determining the morphology of these ash particles.
Now you have to pay! A deeper look at publishing practices of predatory journals

In this study, by using Beall's (Scholarly open‐access, 2014; Beall's list of predatory journals and publishers, 2018) predatory journal lists as well as direct e‐mail solicitations from journals, we intentionally submitted a poorly written manuscript to 58 open‐access journals using counterfeit names and affiliations. Although there have been several studies examining the practices of questionable journals, there is a lack of research investigating the interactive processes in detail. Our analysis, then, was to provide a more comprehensive view of the underlying reasoning for the acceptance or rejection of a manuscript. Of the 31 journals acknowledging receipt of our manuscript, 21 accepted it either unexpurgated or asked only for cosmetic revisions. Regarding ‘positive responses’, we point to five common flaws associated with such journals, namely that (1) they lack any interest in the researchers who are submitting manuscripts; (2) they do not judge academic writing in accordance with expected conventions; (3) they appear to be indifferent to scholarship including research design, plagiarism issues, and citation quality; (4) their review process is opaque and overly hasty, and (5) the tone they use in correspondence e‐mail messages is highly inappropriate. Based upon the investigation, it is clear that such journals' primary aim is in securing the article processing fee. Our findings paint a more comprehensive picture of questionable journal practices with the hope of disseminating such information to the broader scholarly community.
Analisis Kualitas Pelayanan Konsumen Bengkel Mobil Suzuki Nusantara Jaya Sentosa Soekarno-hatta Bandung

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gap kualitas pelayanan konsumen Bengkel Mobil Suzuki Nusantara Jaya Sentosa Soekarno-Hatta Bandung serta strategi-strategi yang dapat dilakukan perusahaan berdasarkan tingkat kepentingan dan performansinya. Dalam mengukur gap kualitas pelayanan antara harapan dan persepsi konsumen, penelitian ini menggunakan metode SERVQUAL yang dikemukakan oleh Parasuraman, Zeithaml dan Berry (1985), yang mana terdiri dari lima dimensi yaitu tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance dan emphaty. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 23 atribut pernyataan. Selanjutnya metode yang digunakan dalam menentukan atribut-atribut pernyataan kualitas pelayanan yang perlu diprioritaskan untuk dioptimalkan dengan menggunakan Importance-Performance Analysis melalui diagram kartesius yang dibagi pada empat kuadran. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh bahwa nilai rata-rata Total SERVQUAL () menunjukkan angka -0,41, yang mana terdapat gap antara persepsi dengan harapan konsumen Bengkel Mobil Suzuki Nusantara Jaya Sentosa Soekarno-Hatta Bandung. Sedangkan Metode Importance-Performance Analysis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat satu atribut berada di Kuadran A, sembilan atribut berada di Kuadran B, sembilan atribut berada di Kuadran C dan empat atribut berada di Kuadran D. Kata kunci : Kualitas Pelayanan, SERVQUAL, Importance-Performance Analysis
Antibacterial Activity and Absorption of Paper Towels Made From Fruit Peel Extracts

Barriers to adequate hygiene are important problems throughout the world, as billions of people do not have access to sanitary conditions. In particular, unsatisfactory hand hygiene leads to the spread of bacterial infections from person to person. To address this problem, we developed the PeelTowel, an antibacterial and water-absorbing towel made of a combination of fruit peels and recycled paper waste, which has the potential to make hand-hygiene accessible, sustainable, and environmentally friendly. Kiwi, orange, and lime peels were chosen for this purpose because they contain antibacterial factors such as vitamin C and citric acid as well as water-absorbing cellulose. PeelTowels were produced by creating a paste of crushed fruit peels and paper and then drying thin films of this paste on screens. PeelTowels were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria and absorb water. They were incubated with Escherichia coli, and bacterial survival was measured by counting colonies on agar plates. Similarly, absorption was quantified by exposing PeelTowels to varying amounts of water. The Lime PeelTowel had the highest antimicrobial activity. It eradicated 50-91% of E. coli after exposure for 1 hour and 95-98% after exposure for 18 hours. It also absorbed three times the amount of water as a commercially available paper towel. Our results suggest that Lime PeelTowels have the potential to be an environmentally friendly option for antibacterial and absorptive hand towels.
Assessing the effects of precipitation and temperature changes on hydrological processes in a glacier‐dominated catchment

The processes by which climate change affects streamflow in alpine river basins are not entirely understood. This study evaluated the impacts of temperature and precipitation changes on runoff and streamflow using glacier‐enhanced Soil and Water Assessment Tool model. The study used observed and detrended historical meteorological data for recent decades (1961–2005) to analyse individual and combined effects of temperature and precipitation changes on snow and glacier melts and discharges in the Sary‐Djaz‐Kumaric River Basin (SRB), Tianshan Mountains. The results showed a 1.3% increase in annual snowmelt in the basin, mainly because of an increase in precipitation. Snowmelt in the basin varied seasonally, increasing from April through May because of increasing precipitation and decreasing from July through September because of rising temperature. Glacier melt increased by 5.4%, 5.0% of which was due to rising temperature and only 0.4% due to increasing precipitation. Annual streamflow increased by 4.4%, of which temperature and precipitation increases accounted for 2.5% and 1.9%, respectively. The impacts of temperature and precipitation changes on streamflow were especially significant after 1980 and even more so in September. Glacier melt, due to temperature rise, was the dominant driver of increasing streamflow in the glacier‐dominated SRB, Tianshan Mountains. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A two-dimensional atmospheric chemistry modeling investigation of Earth's Phanerozoic O3 and near-surface ultraviolet radiation history

[1] We use the Cambridge two-dimensional (2-D) chemistry-radiation transport model to investigate the implications for column O3 and near-surface ultraviolet radiation (UV), of variations in atmospheric O2 content over the Phanerozoic (last 540 Myr). Model results confirm some earlier 1-D model investigations showing that global annual mean O3 column increases monotonically with atmospheric O2. Sensitivity studies indicate that changes in temperature and N2O exert a minor influence on O3 relative to O2. We reconstructed Earth's O3 history by interpolating the modeled relationship between O3 and O2 onto two Phanerozoic O2 histories. Our results indicate that the largest variation in Phanerozoic column O3 occurred between 400 and 200 Myr ago, corresponding to a rise in atmospheric O2 to ∼1.5 times the present atmospheric level (PAL) and subsequent fall to ∼0.5 PAL. The O3 response to this O2 decline shows latitudinal differences, thinning most at high latitudes (30–40 Dobson units (1 DU = 0.001 atm cm) at 66°N) and least at low latitudes (5–10 DU at 9°N) where a “self-healing” effect is evident. This O3 depletion coincides with significant increases in the near-surface biologically active UV radiation at high latitudes, +28% as weighted by the Thimijan spectral weighting function. O3 and UV changes were exacerbated when we incorporated a direct feedback of the terrestrial biosphere on atmospheric chemistry, through enhanced N2O production as the climate switched from an icehouse to a greenhouse mode. On the basis of a summary of field and laboratory experimental evidence, we suggest that these UV radiation increases may have exerted subtle rather than catastrophic effects on ecosystem processes.
Artificial Neural Network Based Prediction of Maximum and Minimum Temperature in the Summer Monsoon Months over India

In the present paper, Artificial Neural Network has been adopted to forecast the maximum and minimum temperature monsoon months. The temperature of June, July, August has been predicted with the help of January to May temperature. In both the cases, maximum and minimum temperature is greatly predicted in the month of August. In the largest part of the cases, prediction error lies below 5%. In formulating the ANN-based predictive model, three-layer network has been constructed. The data published by Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (http://www.tropmet.res.in) are explored to develop the predictive model. The analysis is found to produce a forecast with small prediction error.
Phytoplankton and microzooplankton variability between the Subtropical and Polar Fronts south of Australia: Thriving under regenerative and new production in late summer

Phytoplankton, microzooplankton were studied along a 42°-55°S, 141°-143°E transect in March 1998 and compared with production-related parameters (carbon biomass, chlorophyll a, nitrogen and carbon uptake, and f ratios). The transect crossed the Subtropical Front (STF), the Subantarctic Front (SAF), and the Polar Front (PF). Phytoplankton assemblages were dominated by nano- and pico-sized flagellates; their peak numbers (nanoflagellates: 8.2 x 10 5 cells L -1 ) occurred in the areas of STF and within the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ). North of the SAF, dinoflagellates were next in abundance. Diatoms exceeded dinoflagellates in the PF area (maximum 1.26 x 10 5 cells L -1 ). Dinoflagellates were dominated by nano-sized gymnodinioid forms with microplanktonic species increasing in numbers in SAZ and STF. Diatoms contained mainly Fragilariopsis pseudonana and Pseudonitzschia lineola; several abundant species exibited a latitudinally restricted distribution. Phytoplankton carbon biomass was dominated by dinoflagellates (including >20 pm heterotrophs) representing 48 to 84% of total cell carbon. Maxima of 18-26 pg C L -1 occured both at STF and PF. Heterotrophic dinoflagellates and ciliates showed similar distributions. Their peaks of cell densities and carbon in STF and SAZ were associated with phytoplankton maxima. Microzooplankton cell distribution and biomass suggest they are major grazers and contributors to carbon flow. Phytoplankton assemblages represented at least three stages with different relative contributions of regenerative and new production. Production related parameters (e.g., low f ratio and high NH 4 + uptake) point to the presence of regenerative community at the STF. It attracted the highest concentration of microzooplankton. The phytoplankton community associated with a frontal feature (46°-47°S) within the SAZ, thrived under increased new production (e.g., relatively higher f ratio and NO 3 - uptake). The community along 47°-55°S was characterized by intermediate f ratios, with slight predominance of regenerated production. Southward of 47°S, the relative contribution of new production increased.
Small Martian valleys: Pristine and degraded morphology

The equatorial heavily cratered uplands of Mars are dissected by two classes of small valleys that are intimately associated in compound networks. Pristine valleys with steep valley walls preferentially occupy downstream portions of compound basins. Degraded valleys with eroded walls are laterally more extensive and have higher drainage densities than pristine valleys. Morphometric and crater-counting studies indicate that relatively dense drainage networks were emplaced on Mars during the heavy bombardment about 4.0 b.y. ago. Over a period of approximately 10/sup 8/ years, these networks were degraded and subsequently invaded by headwardly extending pristine valleys. The pristine valleys locally reactivated the compound networks, probably through sapping processes dependent upon high water tables. Fluvial activity in the heavily cratered uplands generally ceased approximately 3.8--3.9 b.y. ago, coincident with the rapid decline in cratering rates. The relict compound valleys on Mars are morphometrically distinct from most terrestrial drainage systems. The differences might be caused by a Martian valley formation episode characterized by hyperaridity, by inadequate time for network growth, by very permeable rock types, or by a combination of factors.
NRT-Monitoring am Vulkanausbruch Eyjafjallajokull (Island) mit TerraSAR-X

NRT-Monitoring of the Eyjafjallajo kull volcanic eruption (Iceland) with TerraSAR-X. Natural disaster monitoring in Iceland, based on remote sensing data is performed by the group of geological remote sensing at the University of Munich for the space agencies ESA, NASDA/JAXA and CSA since 1992. This will be an important contribution by remote sensing techniques for the early warning and monitoring of natural disasters. The recent volcanic eruptions of the Fimmvo rduha ls (20.3.- 12.4.2010) and beneath Eyjafjallajo kull (since 14.4.2010) were the motivation for acquiring a series of TerraSAR-X scenes covering the volcanoes. This new satellite generation with its different beam modes and the additional option of rotation of the satellite from right looking to left looking mode allows an almost daily coverage of the active region in Iceland. This high frequent time series allowed a detailed investigation of the impact of the volcanic activities on the ice cover. For the rst time, also a glacier outburst ood (jokulhlaup: massive ood originating from melted glacier ice) could be covered by the image (15.4.2010). The ow velocities of this ood have been determined by Doppler-frequency measurements. Our study shows that the very fast data availability from TerraSAR-X enables an NRT-monitoring for observing natural processes.
Analysis of auroral morphology: Substorm precursor and onset on January 10, 1997

We study the dynamics of the poleward and equatorward boundaries of the auroral oval in response to the solar wind IMF on January 10, 1997 using global auroral images obtained by the Ultraviolet Imager (UVI) on Polar. A neural network algorithm is used to perform an automated morphological analysis. Poleward and equatorward boundaries identified by the algorithm exhibit clear equatorward motion during the substorm growth phase associated with the southward turning of the IMF. At substorm expansive phase onset, the high latitude edge of the oval expands poleward while the low latitude edge in the midnight sector shows continued expansion for several minutes after onset.
The perceptions of Turkish students against scientists and the emotions of scientists in the post-pandemic

Today’s students are expected to think like scientists. Every student has a different life and they learn in different ways. We need to understand how students view scientists and what their perceptions of them are in order to make these expectations a reality. This study aims to investigate the perceptions that Turkish secondary school students have of scientists and show how these perceptions have changed in the wake of the pandemic particularly with regard to the emotions of scientists. This research is survey research. The Draw a Scientist Test Checklist (DAST-C) was used as the data collection and analysis tool for the research. In the emotion dimension of this study, emotions in the Plutchik Emotion Model were based on the data collection tool. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Students’ perceptions of scientists in this study show a fall in the rates of the standards that constitute the stereotypical image. In the findings of the study, it was seen that the scientist was generally young and female. This shows that recent developments have changed students' perceptions. It is clearly seen that the pandemic has changed the minds of scientists and students.
The 2000 western Tottori (Japan) earthquake: Triggering of the largest aftershock and constraints on the slip‐weakening distance

[1] We investigate the stress time relationships between a mainshock and its largest aftershock. We focus on the 2000 western Tottori (Japan) earthquake (M 6.6–6.8) and on the triggering of its largest aftershock (Ms 5.5) that occurred 48 h later. We compute both the static Coulomb stress change and the complete Coulomb failure function that provides the evolution of the stress field on the fault plane of the largest aftershock. We show that the static Coulomb stress change is always negative. Therefore it cannot explain the triggering of the largest aftershock, located in a stress shadow. On the contrary, the complete Coulomb failure function exhibits a large positive pulse because of the rupture dynamics of the mainshock. This is consistent with the triggering of the largest aftershock by transient stresses. In a second step, we infer a lower threshold for the critical slip-weakening distance. Using a frictional model based on a nonlinear, slip-dependent friction law and assuming the initial state of stress on the fault plane of the largest aftershock, we derive for the slip-weakening distance Dc a value greater than 0.2 m to be consistent with the observed delay of 48 h.
Towards a Deeper Understanding of Cartographic Text Visualisation: Assessment of User Preferences and Colour Influence

The main goal of this research is to investigate the influence of a map’s background colour on user preferences regarding labels’ typography, including their size, shape, orientation and texture. Four sets of backgrounds were tested: blank maps, grey scale, hot colours and cold colours. The foreground of these maps is populated with name labels, which are associated with point objects or areal objects. Bertin’s visual variables were applied to this set of name labels, both separately and in combination. User preferences of different typographic variations were registered and compared on the basis of different background colours using a one-way ANOVA. The results indicated that the typographic design of the map labels should not be adapted according to the map’s background colour.