Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Approach for Multichannel Epileptic Seizure Classification Based on Internet of Things Framework Using Critical Spectral Verge Feature Derived from Flower Pollination Algorithm

A novel approach for multichannel epilepsy seizure classification which will help to automatically locate seizure activity present in the focal brain region was proposed. This paper suggested an Internet of Things (IoT) framework based on a smart phone by utilizing a novel feature termed multiresolution critical spectral verge (MCSV), based on frequency-derived information for epileptic seizure classification which was optimized using a flower pollination algorithm (FPA). A wireless sensor technology (WSN) was utilized to record the electroencephalography (EEG) signal of epileptic patients. Next, the EEG signal was pre-processed utilizing a multiresolution-based adaptive filtering (MRAF) method. Then, the maximal frequency point at which the power spectral density (PSD) of each EEG segment was greater than the average spectral power of the corresponding frequency band was computed. This point was further optimized to extract a point termed as critical spectral verge (CSV) to extract the exact high frequency oscillations representing the actual seizure activity present in the EEG signal. Next, a support vector machine (SVM) classifier was used for channel-wise classification of the seizure and non-seizure regions using CSV as a feature. This process of classification using the CSV feature extracted from the MRAF output is referred to as the MCSV approach. As a final step, cloud-based services were employed to analyze the EEG information from the subject’s smart phone. An exhaustive analysis was undertaken to assess the performance of the MCSV approach for two datasets. The presented approach showed an improved performance with a 93.83% average sensitivity, a 97.94% average specificity, a 97.38% average accuracy with the SVM classifier, and a 95.89% average detection rate as compared with other state-of-the-art studies such as deep learning. The methods presented in the literature were unable to precisely localize the origination of the seizure activity in the brain region and reported a low seizure detection rate. This work introduced an optimized CSV feature which was effectively used for multichannel seizure classification and localization of seizure origination. The proposed MCSV approach will help diagnose epileptic behavior from multichannel EEG signals which will be extremely useful for neuro-experts to analyze seizure details from different regions of the brain.
Optical propagation loss measurements in electro optical host-guest waveguides

Thin organic waveguiding layers are applied more and more frequently as optical components in novel optoelectronic devices. For development of such devices it is important to know the optical properties of the used waveguides. One of the most important parameters is optical propagation loss in the waveguide. In this paper we present optical propagation loss measurements in planar electro optical waveguides using travelling fiber method. Using this method attenuation coefficient α at 633 nm as a function of chromophore concentration for the first two guiding modes in the slab waveguide was determined.
A periodic approach for input‐delay problems: Application to network controlled systems affected by polytopic uncertainties

This paper deals with robust stability and stabilization of linear discrete‐time systems subject to uncertainties and network constraints. In network control systems, the control loop is closed over a network, which induces additional dynamics to the original control loop such as delays, sampling, and quantization among many others. This paper focuses on networked induced delays due to unreliable network for which packet losses may occur. An equivalent periodic‐like representation of the resulting system is proposed. This allows first to revisit existing results in this framework and second to take model uncertainties into account by analyzing the closed‐loop model by means of a recent method based on robust control for discrete‐time time‐varying systems. Stability analysis and dynamic state‐feedback stabilization are characterized via new conditions, whose conservatism is extensively discussed. Effectiveness of the proposed methodology is illustrated by numerical examples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of Pre--Main-Sequence Accretion Disks

Low-resolution, ultraviolet spectra of the pre-main-sequence objects Z Canis Majoris, V1057 Cygni, and FU Orionis are presented. Ultraviolet absorption features indicate spectral types of A5 I for FU Ori and F5 I for Z CMa. These results are in reasonable agreement with predictions of simple accretion disk models. The lack of significant veiling of ultraviolet absorption features implies that a hot boundary layer at the inner edge of the disk contributes less than 20 percent of the radiation at 2600-3200 A, which is significantly smaller than expected. It is suggested that accretion has significantly modified the structure of the underlying pre-main-sequence stars in these systems (perhaps by expanding the photosphere or by spinning up a radiative photosphere close to breakup velocity, or both), or that the boundary layer region is much more extended above the disk midplane than standard thin disk theories predict. 26 refs.
Information enhancement, metrics, and data fusion in spectral and polarimetric images of natural scenes

In order to understand the phenomenology of optimum data acquisition and analysis and to develop an understanding of capabilities, field measurements of multiband, polarimetric data can substantially assist in developing a methodology to collect and to exploit feature signatures. In 1999, Duggin showed that images obtained with an 8-bit camera used as a polarimeter could yield additional information to that contained in a radiometric (S0) image. It should be noted that Walraven and Curran had performed some very fine experiments almost two decades earlier, using photographic film, and North performed careful polarimetric measurements of the skydome using a four-lens polarimetric film camera and convex mirror in 1997. There have been a number of papers dealing with polarimetric field measurements since that time. Recently, commercial color cameras have become available that have 12-bit depth per channel. Here, we perform radiometric and chromatic calibrations and examine the possible use of a Nikon D200 10.2 mega pixel, 3 channel, 12-bit per channel camera fitted with a zoom lens as a potential field imaging polarimeter. We show that there are still difficulties in using off-the-shelf technology for field applications, but list some reasons why we need to address these challenges, in order to understand the phenomenology of data collection and analysis metrics for multiple data streams.
Mean-field approximation with neural network

Mean-field approximation is a powerful method for finding minimum points of cost or energy functions. The method has similarities to Boltzmann machines, as both methods are based on simulated annealing in order to avoid local minimum. Mean-field approximation is a deterministic method that uses the results of spin-glass theory. In this paper the solution of a large size constraint satisfaction problem is described. In the radio link frequency assignment problem frequencies from a given set should be assigned to numerous radio links such that the assignments should satisfy predefined constraints. The paper contains the description of the applied method and the results of the simulations.
Measurement of Refractive Index for High Reflectance Materials with Terahertz Time Domain Reflection Spectroscopy

A method to measure the refractive index for high reflectance materials in the terahertz range with terahertz time domain reflection spectroscopy is proposed. In this method, the THz waveforms reflected by a silicon wafer and high reflectance sample are measured respectively. The refractive index of the silicon wafer, measured with the THz time domain transmission spectroscopy, is used as a reference in the THz time domain reflective spectroscopy. Therefore, the complex refractive index of the sample can be obtained by resorting to the known reflective index of the silicon and the Fresnel law. To improve the accuracy of the phase shift, the Kramers–Kronig transform is adopted. This method is also verified by the index of the silicon in THz reflection spectroscopy. The bulk metal plates have been taken as the sample, and the experimentally obtained metallic refractive indexes are compared with the simple Drude model.
An Novel Substrate Integrated Waveguide Square Cavity Dual-Mode Filter

In this pater, a novel substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) square cavity dual-mode filter is proposed. By using an orthogonal input and output feed-line and two tuning metal vias for disturbing two degenerate modes, a transmission zero is derived. A SIW dual-mode filter with the center frequency of 14.7 GHz was fabricated and measured, in which fractional bandwidth is 3.8%. The measured results show good agreement with the simulated ones and validate the structures of the dual-mode filters.
Optimization of x-ray conversion efficiency of laser-preformed metallic plasma

In the context of target optimization for multi-keV x-ray production in laser experiment, we have adapted a method for visual observation of the conversion efficiency calculated from a large number of 1-D hydro-radiative simulations. A Monte Carlo method based on uniformly distributed random values for parameters in predefinite ranges has been used. The conversion efficiency can be considered as one constraint which leads to correlations between parameters. In addition, the sensitivity of the conversion efficiency to the various target and laser parameters appears visually.
Spectral asymptotics for Hill's equation near the potential maximum

© Journées Équations aux dérivées partielles, 1990, tous droits réservés. L’accès aux archives de la revue « Journées Équations aux dérivées partielles » (http://www. math.sciences.univ-nantes.fr/edpa/) implique l’accord avec les conditions générales d’utilisation (http://www.numdam.org/legal.php). Toute utilisation commerciale ou impression systématique est constitutive d’une infraction pénale. Toute copie ou impression de ce fichier doit contenir la présente mention de copyright.
THE STABLE K0 GIANT STAR β GEM

A nine-season spectroscopic study of the photosphere of β Gem (K0 III) shows this low-luminosity giant to be stable, with no effective temperature variations above ∼2 K, and no secular temperature variations over the 2002–2010 time span above 0.2 K per year. The radial-velocity variations are consistent with an orbital variation of ∼40 m s−1. The projected rotation rate is found to be 1.70 ± 0.20 km s−1 with a macroturbulence dispersion of 4.53 ± 0.10 km s−1. The third-signature plot is also invariant and shows a granulation velocity gradient 20% smaller than the solar gradient. The absolute shift of the third-signature plot gives a blueshift-corrected radial velocity of 3385 ± 70 m s−1. Bisector mapping of the Fe i λ6253 line yields a flux deficit of 12% ± 1% in area, somewhat smaller than for other giants, but the shape and the position of the peak at 4.8 km s−1 is consistent with other giants. All of the investigated photospheric parameters are consistent with β Gem being a low-luminosity giant in agreement with its absolute magnitude.
The Arithmetic of Simple Singularities

We investigate some arithmetic orbit problems in representations of linear algebraic groups arising from Vinberg theory. We aim to give a description of the orbits in these representations using methods with an emphasis on representation theory rather than algebraic geometry, in contrast to previous works of other authors. It turns out that for the representations we consider, the orbits are related to the arithmetic of the Jacobians of certain algebraic curves, which appear as the smooth nearby fibers of deformations of simple singularities. We calculate these families of algebraic curves, and show that the 2-torsion in their Jacobians is canonically identified with the stabilizers of certain orbits in the corresponding representations.
Observations of high-redshift Ca II absorption in QSO spectra

L'observation spectroscopique des raies d'absorption de Ca II (H et K) du quasar PKS 0454-22 a z abs =0.4745 montre que cet ion est fortement sous abondant compare a Fe II et Mg II. Ceci pourrait etre une caracteristique specifique des quasars a raies d'absorption et expliquerait que l'ion Ca II n'ait pas ete detecte dans le quasar QSO 1101-265 et l'objet de type BL Lac, PKS 0735+178
Multiplier-free DCT approximations for RF multi-beam digital aperture-array space imaging and directional sensing

Multi-beamforming is an important requirement for broadband space imaging applications based on dense aperture arrays (AAs). Usually, the discrete Fourier transform is the transform of choice for AA electromagnetic imaging. Here, the discrete cosine transform (DCT) is proposed as an alternative, enabling the use of emerging fast algorithms that offer greatly reduced complexity in digital arithmetic circuits. We propose two novel high-speed digital architectures for recently proposed fast algorithms (Bouguezel, Ahmad and Swamy 2008 Electron. Lett. 44 1249–50) (BAS-2008) and (Cintra and Bayer 2011 IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 18 579–82) (CB-2011) that provide good approximations to the DCT at zero multiplicative complexity. Further, we propose a novel DCT approximation having zero multiplicative complexity that is shown to be better for multi-beamforming AAs when compared to BAS-2008 and CB-2011. The far-field array pattern of ideal DCT, BAS-2008, CB-2011 and proposed approximation are investigated with error analysis. Extensive hardware realizations, implementation details and performance metrics are provided for synchronous field programmable gate array (FPGA) technology from Xilinx. The resource consumption and speed metrics of BAS-2008, CB-2011 and the proposed approximation are investigated as functions of system word size. The 8-bit versions are mapped to emerging asynchronous FPGAs leading to significantly increased real-time throughput with clock rates at up to 925.6 MHz implying the fastest DCT approximations using reconfigurable logic devices in the literature.
Structure theory of simple rings without finiteness assumptions

It is the purpose of this paper to lay the foundations of a general theory of simple rings, both associative and non-associative. In part I we obtain the structure of simple associative rings that either contain minimal right ideals or contain maximal right ideals. In either case we obtain a realization of our ring 2f as a certain type of ring of linear transformations in a vector space over a division ring. If 2{ has a minimal right ideal this realization is essentially unique and we can prove a converse theorem that rings of linear transformations having certain properties are simple and contain minimal right ideals. Thus the theory here is essentially as complete as that of the classical case of rings that satisfy the descending chain condition for right ideals. Our structure theory hinges on a general theorem (Theorem 6) on the structure of irreducible rings of endomorphisms of commutative groups. This theorem may be regarded as an extension of Burnside's theorem on irreducible algebras of matrices. The classical theory of simple rings with descending chain condition is a simple consequence of our results and we believe that the present treatment is more transparent than the methods of proof previously given(1) . In studying an arbitrary non-associative ring 9t one is led to consider the associative ring 92 generated by the left and the right multiplications x->ax and x-xcxa acting in 2. If 21 is simple, 91 is an irreducible ring of endomorphisms. In part II we describe the structure of $1 in terms of the multiplication centralizer ( of 2[ defined to be the totality of endomorphisms 'y in 2 such that (xy)y=(xy)y=x(yy). We define the concepts of center, central algebra and extension of the underlying field of an algebra. In Part III we investigate a special type of simple associative algebra that may be regarded as a generalization of the concept of the complete algebra of linear transformations in a vector space over a field, or equivalently, of the concept of the complete matrix algebra. There are many points of contact between the discussion here (and in other parts of the paper) and recent work in the theory of rings of transformations in Banach spaces and in vector spaces over the fields of reail and complex numbers(2).
Sur quelques équations différentielles ordinaires du second ordre

© Université Paul Sabatier, 1895, tous droits réservés. L’accès aux archives de la revue « Annales de la faculté des sciences de Toulouse » (http://picard.ups-tlse.fr/~annales/) implique l’accord avec les conditions générales d’utilisation (http://www.numdam.org/conditions). Toute utilisation commerciale ou impression systématique est constitutive d’une infraction pénale. Toute copie ou impression de ce fichier doit contenir la présente mention de copyright.
A summary and assessment of current 21-cm results concerning spiral and disk structures in our galaxy

The results of the survey of the galactic system in the hydrogen line made in the Netherlands have been extensively published and have been discussed at the symposium in Manchester and the I.A. U. assembly in Dublin. I shall not enter into a renewed discussion of these, but rather consider what has been added since. The results referred to had two serious limitations: in the first place they were restricted to the part of the Milky Way that rose above the Dutch horizon; in the second place they were not sufficiently refined to reveal the true structure of the central region of our Galaxy. Both limitations have now been largely removed. The observations by Kerr and his collaborators have yielded the structure of the other p^rt of the Milky Way; while refined observations with the 25-meter radio telescope at Dwingeloo have given considerably more insight into what takes place in the Galaxy's central regions. I shall briefly consider the structure of the whole as it now appears from the combined Sydney and Leiden measures: 1. We comment first on the thinness of the layer. The distance between half-density points is about 220 parsecs, and is much the same in all parts of the system, except in the central part. 2. In the second place we consider the remarkable flatness of the layer. Within R — 10 the points of maximum density in columns perpendicular to the galactic plane are nowhere more than 75 parsecs from the mean plane, except in small areas near R = 10. Within R = 6 kiloparsecs the deviations are even smaller (all < 30 parsecs). Further studies of this remarkable phe­ nomenon may eventually give us a better insight into how the galactic system has evolved. It is also interesting that we can clearly observe the limits of R to which this evolution has been completed. In the low-density regions outside R = 12, deviations running up to 600 parsecs are observed. These deviations have a clearly systematic character. The flatness for not too large R offers a basis for determining the galactic pole with an accuracy that is an order of magnitude better than what could be attained previously.
Detecting skewness and kurtosis by letter values: a new proposal

In this paper some new indices of sample shape ( skewness and kurtosis) are defined by means of letter values (Turkey, 1977). The letter index of skewness (l.c.s.) is built by fitting the standardized sample midsummaries with a least squares straight line, while the letter index of kurtosis (l.c.k.) is obtained by fitting the pseudosigmas (after a simple transformation), in the same way. A robust modification of the above defined indices is proposed. Finally, an application to a set of geographical data is given, with some comments about the effect of outliers.
Confinement of surface state electrons in self-organized Co islands on Au(111)

We report on detailed low temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements performed on nanoscale Co islands on Au(111) films. At low coverages, Co islands self-organize in arrays of mono- and bilayer nanoscale structures that often have an hexagonal shape. The process of self-organization is induced by the Au(111) ‘herringbone’ reconstruction. By means of mapping of the local density of states with lock-in detection, electron standing wave patterns are resolved on top of the atomically flat Co islands. The surface state electrons are observed to be strongly confined laterally inside the Co nanosized islands, with their wavefunctions reflecting the symmetry of the islands. To complement the experimental work, particle-in-a-box calculations were performed. The calculations are based on a newly developed variational method that can be applied to ‘2D boxes’ of arbitrary polygonal shape. The experimental patterns are found to fit nicely to the calculated wavefunctions for a box having a symmetry corresponding to the experimental island symmetry. The small size of the Co islands under study (down to 7.7 nm2) is observed to induce a strong discretization of the energy levels, with very large energy separations between the eigenstates up to several 100 meV. The observed standing wave patterns are identified either as individual eigenstates or as a ‘mixture’ of two or more energetically close-lying eigenstates of the cobalt island. Additionally, the Co surface state appears not to be limited to mono- and bilayer islands, but this state remains observable for multilayered islands up to five monolayers of Co.
mRNA quantification via second harmonic super resolution microscopy

Cell-specific information on quantity and localization of key mRNA transcripts in single-cell level are critical to the assessment of cancer risk, therapy efficacy, and effective prevention strategies. However, most available technologies for mRNA detection rely on cell extraction that inherently destroys the tissue context and provide only average expression levels from cell populations or whole tissues. In this paper, we proposed a novel super resolution concept, second harmonic generation (SHG) super-resolution microscopy (SHaSM), and apply that to detect single short mRNA transcript, Her2 mRNA, beyond the diffraction limit. Nano-sized SHG crystals, barium titanium oxide BaTiO3 (BTO), were functionalized with two complimentary strands of Her2 mRNA after the chemical surface-modification. Dimer schematic was used to improve the specificity of detection and quantification, where two BTO monomers bind to the Her2 mRNA to form a dimer and being visualized via the SHaSM. SHaSM is able to detect single BTO nanocrystal with ~20 nm spatial resolution, and differentiate BTO dimers (Her2 mRNA) from BTO monomers (non-specific bounded BTO nanocrystal) with high specificity.
Existence of Standing Waves for Coupled Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations

In this paper we study the existence of standing waves for coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations. The interaction between equations plays an important role in our study. When the interaction is strong, the least energy solution is a solution whose both components are positive. When the interaction is weak, the least energy solution is a semitrivial solution, namely a solution of a form (u 1 , 0 ) or ( 0 ,u 2 ) . Moreover, minimizing method on the Nehari type manifold with codimension 2 gives us a positive solution when the interaction is weak.