Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Medical Devices, Invisible Women, Harmful Consequences

In this commentary, we explore the disproportionate risk women experience with the insertion of various medical devices. Although pre-market device testing and complication tracking could be improved for all, a failure to consider sex differences in hormones, anatomy, inflammatory responses, and physical function puts women at particular risk. This invisibility of women is an example of gender bias in medical science and practice, a bias that could be corrected in the ways we suggest.
More Efficient Energy Management for Networked Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids With Multivariable Nonlinear Conversion Losses

Accurate conversion loss models are the keys to guarantee the more efficient operation of networked hybrid ac/dc microgrids (N-ac/dc-MGs). A two-stage stochastic unit commitment (UC) problem is proposed to improve the operational efficiency of N-ac/dc-MGs under uncertain renewable energy generation output and loads. The nonlinear power losses of ac/dc converters and dc/dc converters under different operating modes are formulated as novel multivariate nonlinear functions of both power and voltage. These functions are approximated by linear surrogate models and adopted by the dynamic optimal power flow (OPF), where the voltage and power of the converters can be optimized considering the physical laws among voltages of converters. Embedding the dynamic OPF problem as mixed-integer recourse, a two-stage stochastic programming problem is formulated for the day-ahead operation of N-ac/dc-MGs. To reduce the computational cost, a finite iteration convergent Benders decomposition algorithm is proposed to solve the UC problem. Case studies are performed on hybrid ac/dc MGs and N-ac/dc-MGs. Simulation results reveal that using more accurate conversion loss models, the output commands, especially the dc bus voltage, from the energy management systems will lead to more efficient system operation, and thus, save energy.
Spot scan probe of lateral field effects in a thick fully-depleted CCD

Flat-field images with thick, fully-depleted CCDs exhibit response variations near the edges of the chip and at other locations, such as the regoins bordering mid-frame blooming stop implants. Two possible origins for these repsonse variations have been suggested: either photometric response (quantum efficiency) or effective pixel area is modified in these regions. In the latter case source position and shape distortions would be expected in these regions, with consequent impact on astrometric and weak lensing measurements. As an experimental check to distinguish between the two effects and to gauge the magnitude of distortion, we performed a measurment scanning an artificial star image across the affected region of one device.
Charged Q-balls and boson stars and dynamics of charged test particles

We construct electrically charged $Q$-balls and boson stars in a model with a scalar self-interaction potential resulting from gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking. We discuss the properties of these solutions in detail and emphasize the differences to the uncharged case. We observe that $Q$-balls can only be constructed up to a maximal value of the charge of the scalar field, while for boson stars the interplay between the attractive gravitational force and the repulsive electromagnetic force determines their behavior. We find that the vacuum is stable with respect to pair production in the presence of our charged boson stars. We also study the motion of charged, massive test particles in the space-time of boson stars. We find that in contrast to charged black holes the motion of charged test particles in charged boson star space-times is planar, but that the presence of the scalar field plays a crucial role for the qualitative features of the trajectories. Applications of this test particle motion can be made in the study of extreme-mass ratio inspirals as well as astrophysical plasmas relevant e.g. in the formation of accretion discs and polar jets of compact objects.
An Adaptive Downsampling FPGA-Based TDC Implementation for Time Measurement Improvement

In this work, we present a compact “adaptive downsampling” method that mitigates the nonlinearity problems associated with FPGA-based TDCs that utilize delay lines. Additionally, this generic method allows for trade-offs between resolution, linearity, and resource utilization. Since nonlinearity is one of the predominant issues regarding delay lines in FPGA-based TDCs, combined with the fact that delay lines are utilized for a wide range of TDC architectures (not limited to the delay-line TDC), other implementations (e.g., Vernier or wave union TDCs), also in different FPGA devices, can directly benefit from the proposed adaptive method, with no need for either custom routing or complex tuning of the converter. Furthermore, implementation-related challenges regarding clock skew, measurement uncertainty, and the placement of the TDC are discussed and we also propose an experimental setup that utilizes only FPGA resources in order to characterize the converter. Although the TDC in this work was implemented in a Xilinx Virtex-6 device and was characterized under different operational modes, we successfully optimized the converter’s nonlinearity and resource utilization while retaining single-shot precision. The best performing (in terms of linearity) implementation reached DNLrms and INLrms values of 0.30 LSB and 0.45 LSB, respectively, and the single-shot precision (σ) was 9.0 ps.
Hypergraph representation of multimodal brain networks for patients with end-stage renal disease associated with mild cognitive impairment.

The structure and function of brain networks (BN) may be altered in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, there are relatively few attentions on ESRD associated with mild cognitive impairment (ESRDaMCI). Most studies focus on the pairwise relationships between brain regions, without taking into account the complementary information of functional connectivity (FC) and structural connectivity (SC). To address the problem, a hypergraph representation method is proposed to construct a multimodal BN for ESRDaMCI. First, the activity of nodes is determined by connection features extracted from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (i.e., FC), and the presence of edges is determined by physical connections of nerve fibers extracted from diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) (i.e., SC). Then, the connection features are generated through bilinear pooling and transformed into an optimization model. Next, a hypergraph is constructed according to the generated node representation and connection features, and the node degree and edge degree of the hypergraph are calculated to obtain the hypergraph manifold regularization (HMR) term. The HMR and L1 norm regularization terms are introduced into the optimization model to achieve the final hypergraph representation of multimodal BN (HRMBN). Experimental results show that the classification performance of HRMBN is significantly better than that of several state-of-the-art multimodal BN construction methods. Its best classification accuracy is 91.0891%, at least 4.3452% higher than that of other methods, verifying the effectiveness of our method. The HRMBN not only achieves better results in ESRDaMCI classification, but also identifies the discriminative brain regions of ESRDaMCI, which provides a reference for the auxiliary diagnosis of ESRD.
Frustration in Vicinity of Transition Point of Ising Spin Glasses

We conjecture the existence of a relationship between frustration and the transition point at zero temperature of Ising spin glasses. The relation reveals that, in several Ising spin glass models, the concentration of ferromagnetic bonds is close to the critical concentration at zero temperature when the output of a function about frustration is equal to unity. The function is the derivative of the average number of frustrated plaquettes with respect to the average number of antiferromagnetic bonds. This relation is conjectured in Ising spin glasses with binary couplings on two-dimensional lattices, hierarchical lattices, and three-body Ising spin glasses with binary couplings on two-dimensional lattices. In addition, the same argument in the Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model yields a point that is identical to the replica-symmetric solution of the transition point at zero temperature.
Oscillation modes in the rapidly rotating slowly pulsating B-type star μ Eridani

We present results of a search for identification of modes responsible for the six most significant frequency peaks detected in the rapidly rotating SPB star $\mu$ Eridani. All published and some unpublished photometric data are used in our new analysis. The mode identification is carried out with the method developed by Daszy\'nska-Daszkiewicz et al. employing the phases and amplitudes from multi-band photometric data and relying on the traditional approximation for the treatment of oscillations in rotating stars. Models consistent with the observed mean parameters are considered. For the five frequency peaks, the candidates for the identifications are searched amongst unstable modes. In the case of the third frequency, which is an exact multiple of the orbital frequency, this condition is relaxed. The systematic search is continued up to a harmonic degree $\ell =6$. Determination of the angular numbers, $(\ell,m)$, is done simultaneously with the rotation rate, $V_{\rm rot}$, and the inclination angle, $i$, constrained by the spectroscopic data on the projected rotational velocity, $V_{\rm rot}\sin i$, which is assumed constant. All the peaks may be accounted for with g-modes of high radial orders and the degrees $\ell\le 6$. There are differences in some identifications between the models. For the two lowest--amplitude peaks the identifications are not unique. Nonetheless, the equatorial velocity is constrained to a narrow range of (135, 140) km/s. Our work presents the first application of the photometric method of mode identification in the framework of the traditional approximation and we believe that it opens a new promising direction in studies of SPB stars.
CONFIRMATION OF THE OGLE-2005-BLG-169 PLANET SIGNATURE AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS WITH LENS–SOURCE PROPER MOTION DETECTION

We present Keck NIRC2 high angular resolution adaptive optics observations of the microlensing event OGLE-2005-BLG-169Lb, taken 8.21 years after the discovery of this planetary system. For the first time for a microlensing planetary event, the source and the lens are completely resolved, providing a precise measurement of their heliocentric relative proper motion, &mgr; rel , helio = 7.44 ± 0.17 ? > mas yr−1. This confirms and refines the initial model presented in the discovery paper and rules out a range of solutions that were allowed by the microlensing light curve. This is also the first time that parameters derived from a microlensing planetary signal are confirmed, both with the Keck measurements, presented in this paper, and independent measurements obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope in I , V ? > and B bands, presented in a companion paper. Hence, this new measurement of &mgr; rel , helio ? > , as well as the measured brightness of the lens in H band, enabled the mass and distance of the system to be updated: a Uranus-mass planet ( m p = 13.2 ± 1.3 M ⨁ ? > ) orbiting a K5-type main sequence star ( M * = 0.65 ± 0.05 M ⊙ ? > ) separated by a ⊥ = 3.4 ± 0.3 ? > AU, at the distance D L = 4.0 ± 0.4 ? > kpc from us.
Comparing the Epidemiology and Health Burden of Lyme Disease and Babesiosis Hospitalizations in the United States

Abstract Background Lyme disease (LD) and babesiosis are increasing in the United States. We sought to characterize and compare their epidemiology and health burden using a nationally representative sample of hospitalizations. Methods Data were extracted from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) pertaining to LD and babesiosis for 2018 and 2019. The NIS is a comprehensive database of all-payer inpatient hospitalizations, representing a stratified systematic random sample of discharges from US hospitals. Patient demographics, clinical outcomes, and admission costs were evaluated, in addition to hospital-level variables (eg, location/teaching status and census division). Annual incidence of hospitalizations was calculated using US Census Bureau data. Results The annual incidence of hospitalizations of LD-related and babesiosis-related hospitalizations were 6.98 and 2.03 per 1 000 000 persons/year. Of the 4585 LD hospitalizations in 2018–2019, 60.9% were among male patients, 85.3% were White, and 39.0% were ≥60 years. Of the 1330 babesiosis hospitalizations in 2018–2019, 72.2% were among male patients, 78.9% were White, and 74.1% were ≥60 years; 70.0% of LD and 91.7% of babesiosis hospitalizations occurred in Middle Atlantic or New England. Lower disease severity was noted in 81.8% of LD hospitalizations compared with 49.3% of babesiosis hospitalizations, whereas those suffering from high severity were 2.3% and 6.0%, respectively. The mean hospital charges for LD and babesiosis hospitalizations were $33 440.8 and $40 689.8, respectively. Conclusions Despite overlap between the 2 diseases, LD has a broader geographic range and a greater number of hospital admissions, whereas babesiosis is more severe, incurring longer hospital stays, higher inpatient costs, and deaths.
Automated detection of extended sources in radio maps: progress from the SCORPIO survey

Automated source extraction and parameterization represents a crucial challenge for the next-generation radio interferometer surveys, such as those performed with the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and its precursors. In this paper we present a new algorithm, dubbed CAESAR (Compact And Extended Source Automated Recognition), to detect and parametrize extended sources in radio interferometric maps. It is based on a pre-filtering stage, allowing image denoising, compact source suppression and enhancement of diffuse emission, followed by an adaptive superpixel clustering stage for final source segmentation. A parameterization stage provides source flux information and a wide range of morphology estimators for post-processing analysis. We developed CAESAR in a modular software library, including also different methods for local background estimation and image filtering, along with alternative algorithms for both compact and diffuse source extraction. The method was applied to real radio continuum data collected at the Australian Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) within the SCORPIO project, a pathfinder of the ASKAP-EMU survey. The source reconstruction capabilities were studied over different test fields in the presence of compact sources, imaging artefacts and diffuse emission from the Galactic plane and compared with existing algorithms. When compared to a human-driven analysis, the designed algorithm was found capable of detecting known target sources and regions of diffuse emission, outperforming alternative approaches over the considered fields.
Two-pion femtoscopy in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV

We report the results of the femtoscopic analysis of pairs of identical pions measured in p–Pb collisions at √ sNN = 5.02 TeV. Femtoscopic radii are determined as a function of eve nt multiplicity and pair momentum in three spatial dimensions. As in the pp co llision system, the analysis is complicated by the presence of sizable background correlation s ructures in addition to the femtoscopic signal. The radii increase with event multiplicity and decr ease with pair transverse momentum. When taken at comparable multiplicity, the radii measured in p–P b collisions, at high multiplicity and low pair transverse momentum, are 10–20% higher than those obse rved in pp collisions but below those observed in A–A collisions. The results are compared to hydr odynamic predictions at large event multiplicity as well as discussed in the context of calculat ions based on gluon saturation. ∗See Appendix A for the list of collaboration members Two-pion femtoscopy in p–Pb collisions ALICE Collaboration
DMSO_A_314935 3111..3121

1Department of Endocrinology, Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Hospital, Ningxia Medical University General Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Medical Office, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Radiology, People’s Liberation Army’s Joint Service for the 942nd Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
Clinical Tier Grading of Cancer Stem Cells According to Clinical Characteristics for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Guided by mRNA stemness index

Cancer stems cells are cells in tumors that have self-renewing capabilities and proliferation, and are partly responsible for tumor growth, metastasis and drug resistance, and have been associated with multidrug resistance and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. mRNA stemness index or mRNAsi is a machine learning tool that uses the application of algorithms to find associations between cancer stemness and tumor prognostic signatures. mRNAsi predicts gene mutation status and identifies tumor signaling pathways. Clinical tier grading is a common feature for stratifying the presenting features and symptoms of patients in several diseases. This study is a review article that summarizes studies in lung cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and glioblastoma that use mRNA stemness index machine learning tools to identify differentially expressed genes, characterize the tumor microenvironment and tumor mutational burden, and determine clinical endpoints. A prognostic signature is shown in this paper as determined by mRNAsi high and low values, and a clinical tier grading system is proposed that categorizes cancer stemness presenting characteristics. This clinical grading tier system demonstrates a relationship between cancer stemness and immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy. This type of tiered system for cancer patients and the accompanying workflow proposed may prove useful to oncologists, and has not been performed before, and is unique in the literature.
Embracing Diversity: Attitudes, School Climate and Self-Efficacy for Inclusive Education among International School Teachers in Selangor

One of the focuses of National Education Blueprint (2013-2025) is to improve the national policies and practices towards special education (GOM, 2013a; MOE, 2013). Numerous researches were being conducted to investigate the effectiveness, quality as well as key elements of the implementation of Inclusive Education (IE). The research design of quantitative, correlational and cross-sectional were selected to collect, measure and analyse data for (a) teacher’s level of self - efficacy, (b) teacher’s attitude as well as (c) School Climate towards IE. Besides that, this research also gathered information: (a) demographic information, (b) self-evaluation and (c) opinion towards the IE programme from the targeted sample. Approximately 280 International School Teachers were recruited to participate in this research. The data were collected, filtered and screened with Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA). The data of this research is normally distributed as the skewness value and kurtosis value fall within the range of normal distribution. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient analysis was performed to analyse the relationship between attitudes and School Climate towards self-efficacy for IE among International School Teachers in Selangor, Malaysia. The findings of this research reported: (a) positive relationship and (b) significant relationship between teachers' attitudes, School Climate as well as teacher’s self -efficacy. However, the strengths of relationships between the variables were low. The empirical findings obtained from this research can be beneficial for educational authorities such as: (a) Ministry of Education (MOE), (b) School Administrators, (c) parents in the society of International School in Malaysia. There is limited research conducted in the setting of International Schools. Therefore, the findings can help the researchers to understand International School Teachers’ attitudes, School Climate towards Self-efficacy for IE. Further research should consider in: (a) employing qualitative research to understand the causal effect between the variables, (b) conducting interview to obtain in-depth understanding on the responses generated from questionnaire, as well as (c) expanding the targeted sample to government as well as private school teachers.
Evidence for a change in the X-ray radiation mechanism in the hard state of Galactic black holes

We present results on the spectral variability of two Galactic black hole X-ray binaries, GRO J1655–40 and GX 339–4, in the hard state. We confirm a transition in behaviour of the photon index with luminosity, such that the well-known decrease in X-ray photon index with decreasing luminosity only continues down to Lbol ∼ 0.01LE. Below this point, the photon index increases again. For Comptonization models, this implies that the ratio of the Compton luminosity to seed photon luminosity, � h/� s, changes with bolometric luminosity, consistent with a scenario where seed photons change from cyclo-synchrotron at the lowest luminosities to those from a truncated disc. Alternatively, the transition could mark the point below which the non-thermal jet starts to dominate, or where reprocessed photons replace the viscous photons in an outflowing corona model.
Canonical single field slow-roll inflation with a non-monotonic tensor-to-scalar ratio

We take a pragmatic, model independent approach to single field slow-roll canonical inflation by imposing conditions, not on the potential, but on the slow-roll parameter ϵ(ϕ) and its derivatives ϵ′(ϕ) and ϵ′′(ϕ), thereby extracting general conditions on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r and the running nsk at ϕH where the perturbations are produced, some 50–60 e-folds before the end of inflation. We find quite generally that for models where ϵ(ϕ) develops a maximum, a relatively large r is most likely accompanied by a positive running while a negligible tensor-to-scalar ratio implies negative running. The definitive answer, however, is given in terms of the slow-roll parameter ξ2(ϕ). To accommodate a large tensor-to-scalar ratio that meets the limiting values allowed by the Planck data, we study a non-monotonic ϵ(ϕ) decreasing during most part of inflation. Since at ϕH the slow-roll parameter ϵ(ϕ) is increasing, we thus require that ϵ(ϕ) develops a maximum for ϕ > ϕH after which ϵ(ϕ) decrease to small values where most e-folds are produced. The end of inflation might occur trough a hybrid mechanism and a small field excursion Δϕe ≡ |ϕH−ϕe| is obtained with a sufficiently thin profile for ϵ(ϕ) which, however, should not conflict with the second slow-roll parameter η(ϕ). As a consequence of this analysis we find bounds for Δϕe, rH and for the scalar spectral index nsH. Finally we provide examples where these considerations are explicitly realised.
THE PECULIAR RADIO SOURCE M17 JVLA 35

M17 JVLA 35 is a radio source detected in projection against the M17 H ii region. In recent observations, its spectrum between 4.96 and 8.46 GHz was found to be positive and very steep, with α ⩾ 2.9 ± 0.6 (Sν∝να). Here we present Very Large Array observations made in the 18.5 to 36.5 GHz region that indicate a spectral turnover at ∼13 GHz and a negative spectral index (α ≃ −2.0) at higher frequencies. The spectrum is consistent with that of an extragalactic high frequency peaker (HFP). However, M17 JVLA 35 has an angular size of ∼0. ″5 at 8.46 GHz, while HFPs have extremely compact, milliarcsecond dimensions. We discuss other possible models for the spectrum of the source and do not find them feasible. Finally, we propose that M17 JVLA 35 is indeed an HFP but that its angular size becomes broadened by plasma scattering as its radiation travels across M17. If our interpretation is correct, accurate measurements of the angular size of M17 JVLA 35 across the centimeter range should reveal the expected ν−2 dependence.