Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure of a collisionless pair jet in a magnetizedelectron-proton plasma: Flow-aligned magnetic field

Aims. We study the effect a guiding magnetic field has on the formation and structure of a pair jet that propagates through a collisionless electron–proton plasma at rest. Methods. We model with a particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation a pair cloud with a temperature of 400 keV and a mean speed of 0.9c (c - light speed). Pair particles are continuously injected at the boundary. The cloud propagates through a spatially uniform, magnetized, and cool ambient electron–proton plasma at rest. The mean velocity vector of the pair cloud is aligned with the uniform background magnetic field. The pair cloud has a lateral extent of a few ion skin depths. Results. A jet forms in time. Its outer cocoon consists of jet-accelerated ambient plasma and is separated from the inner cocoon by an electromagnetic piston with a thickness that is comparable to the local thermal gyroradius of jet particles. The inner cocoon consists of pair plasma, which lost its directed flow energy while it swept out the background magnetic field and compressed it into the electromagnetic piston. A beam of electrons and positrons moves along the jet spine at its initial speed. Its electrons are slowed down and some positrons are accelerated as they cross the head of the jet. The latter escape upstream along the magnetic field, which yields an excess of megaelectronvolt positrons ahead of the jet. A filamentation instability between positrons and protons accelerates some of the protons, which were located behind the electromagnetic piston at the time it formed, to megaelectronvolt energies. Conclusions. A microscopic pair jet in collisionless plasma has a structure that is similar to that predicted by a hydrodynamic model of relativistic astrophysical pair jets. It is a source of megaelectronvolt positrons. An electromagnetic piston acts as the contact discontinuity between the inner and outer cocoons. It would form on subsecond timescales in a plasma with a density that is comparable to that of the interstellar medium in the rest frame of the latter. A supercritical fast magnetosonic shock will form between the pristine ambient plasma and the jet-accelerated plasma on a timescale that exceeds our simulation time by an order of magnitude.
Direct imaging of an ultracool substellar companion to the exoplanet host star HD 4113 A

Using high-contrast imaging with the SPHERE instrument at the Very Large Telescope (VLT), we report the first images of a cold brown dwarf companion to the exoplanet host star HD 4113A. The brown dwarf HD 4113C is part of a complex dynamical system consisting of a giant planet, a stellar host, and a known wide M-dwarf companion. Its separation of 535 ± 3 mas and H-band contrast of 13.35 ± 0.10 mag correspond to a projected separation of 22 AU and an isochronal mass estimate of 36 ± 5 MJ based on COND models. The companion shows strong methane absorption, and through fitting an atmosphere model, we estimate a surface gravity of logg = 5 and an effective temperature of ~500–600 K. A comparison of its spectrum with observed T dwarfs indicates a late-T spectral type, with a T9 object providing the best match. By combining the observed astrometry from the imaging data with 27 years of radial velocities, we use orbital fitting to constrain its orbital and physical parameters, as well as update those of the planet HD 4113A b, discovered by previous radial velocity measurements. The data suggest a dynamical mass of 66−4+5 MJ and moderate eccentricity of 0.44−0.07+0.08 for the brown dwarf. This mass estimate appears to contradict the isochronal estimate and that of objects with similar temperatures, which may be caused by the newly detected object being an unresolved binary brown dwarf system or the presence of an additional object in the system. Through dynamical simulations, we show that the planet may undergo strong Lidov-Kozai cycles, raising the possibility that it formed on a quasi-circular orbit and gained its currently observed high eccentricity (e ~ 0.9) through interactions with the brown dwarf. Follow-up observations combining radial velocities, direct imaging, and Gaia astrometry will be crucial to precisely constrain the dynamical mass of the brown dwarf and allow for an in-depth comparison with evolutionary and atmosphere models.
Participating as a research team during the COVID-19 pandemic benefits mental health of undergraduate medical students in Brazil

ABSTRACT During the COVID-19 pandemic, undergraduate medical students (UMS) exposed to isolation, social distancing and complete or partial face-to-face educational activities interruption may present increased stress, depression and anxiety. This study was undertaken to evaluate if, during isolation, UMS involved in online group activities as investigators of a research project (volunteer group) would present better mental health than their colleagues, not involved in that research (control group). A Web-based survey, via the Google Forms platform, including details on demographic data, life habits, previous health conditions, worries with the COVID-19 pandemic, sleep pattern modifications and depression, anxiety and mental stress, using the DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale) was implemented from 20 July to 31 August 2020. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS version 20.0. A p-value <0.05 was significant. A total of 684 UMS were included, 228 as a volunteer group and 456 as a control group. Mean age was 23.15 (3.16) years. The groups were paired for age, gender, ethnicity, life habits and previous health conditions. Older age, male gender, participation in the research project, unchanged sleep pattern during the pandemic, lack of fear from getting the COVID-19 and lack of previous health conditions were associated with lower DASS21 scores (better mental health). Participating as investigators of a research project foreseeing frequent interaction with patients, colleagues and professors (other investigators) lead to better mental health during the COVID-19 quarantine in Brazil.
Science with the TianQin observatory: Preliminary results on testing the no-hair theorem with ringdown signals

We study the capability of the space-based gravitational wave observatory TianQin to test the no-hair theorem of general relativity, using the ringdown signal from the coalescence of massive black hole binaries. We parametrize the ringdown signal by the four strongest quasinormal modes and estimate the signal to noise ratio for various source parameters. We consider constraints both from single detections and from all the events combined throughout the lifetime of the observatory, for different astrophysical models. We find that at the end of the mission, TianQin will have constrained deviations of the frequency and decay time of the dominant 22 mode from the general relativistic predictions to within 0.2% and 1.5% respectively, the frequencies of the subleading modes can be also constrained within 0.3%. We also find that TianQin and LISA are highly complementary, by virtue of their different frequency windows. Indeed, LISA can best perform ringdown tests for black hole masses in excess of $\ensuremath{\sim}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}\text{ }\text{ }{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$, while TianQin is best suited for lower masses.
Microstructure and elevated-temperature mechanical properties of refractory AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr High Entropy Alloy fabricated by powder metallurgy

New approaches for the design of alloy systems with multiprincipal elements is recently researched in refractory materials field. However, most research aimed at arc melting process with weakness of coarsening of grains and inhomogeneous microstructure of segregation of elements during the cooling. This study aims to design and fabricate high-entropy alloy with powder metallurgy. In this study, a refractory high entropy alloys with composition near AlMo0.5NbTa0. 5TiZr were produced by powder metallurgy. The alloy consists of two body-centered cubic (BCC) phases. One phase was disordered BCC enriched with Mo, Nb and Ta and the other phase was ordered BCC enriched with Al and Zr. The AlMo0.5NbTa0. 5TiZr alloy had a density of 7.46g/cm3 and Vickers microhardness of 678HV. Its compressive yield strength was 2466MPa at 298K and 964MPa at 1273K. The properties of the alloy and the beneficial effects from powder metallurgy on the microstructure and properties were outlined.
Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction with a Binuclear Bis‐Terpyridine Pyrazole‐Bridged Cobalt Complex

Abstract A pyrazole‐based ligand substituted with terpyridine groups at the 3 and 5 positions has been synthesized to form the dinuclear cobalt complex 1, that electrocatalytically reduces carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO) in the presence of Brønsted acids in DMF. Chemical, electrochemical and UV‐vis spectro‐electrochemical studies under inert atmosphere indicate pairwise reduction processes of complex 1. Infrared spectro‐electrochemical studies under CO2 and CO atmosphere are consistent with a reduced CO‐containing dicobalt complex which results from the electroreduction of CO2. In the presence of trifluoroethanol (TFE), electrocatalytic studies revealed single‐site mechanism with up to 94 % selectivity towards CO formation when 1.47 M TFE were present, at −1.35 V vs. Saturated Calomel Electrode in DMF (0.39 V overpotential). The low faradaic efficiencies obtained (<50 %) are attributed to the generation of CO‐containing species formed during the electrocatalytic process, which inhibit the reduction of CO2.
New insights into mechanisms of endothelial insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.

Insulin resistance in the vasculature is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and blunting of insulin-induced vasodilation is its primary consequence. Individuals with T2D exhibit a marked impairment in insulin-induced dilation in resistance arteries across vascular beds. Importantly, reduced insulin-stimulated vasodilation and blood flow to skeletal muscle limits glucose uptake and contributes to impaired glucose control in T2D. The study of mechanisms responsible for the suppressed vasodilatory effects of insulin has been a growing topic of interest not only for its association with glucose control and extension to T2D but also for its relationship with cardiovascular disease development and progression. In this mini-review, we integrate findings from recent studies by our group with the existing literature focused on the mechanisms underlying endothelial insulin resistance in T2D.
Effect of inclisiran on lipids in primary prevention: the ORION-11 trial

Abstract Aims Patients often require combination therapies to achieve LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) targets for the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This study investigates the effect of inclisiran, a small interfering ribonucleic acid targeting hepatic proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 production, in primary prevention patients with elevated LDL-C despite statins. Methods and results This pre-specified analysis of the placebo-controlled, randomized ORION-11 trial included 203 individuals at risk of, but without prior, cardiovascular events and LDL-C ≥2.6 mmol/L, despite maximally tolerated statins. Inclisiran 284 mg or placebo was administered on Days 1, 90, and thereafter every 6 months up to 540 days. Co-primary endpoints were percentage LDL-C change from baseline to Day 510 and time-adjusted change from baseline after Day 90 and up to Day 540. Key secondary endpoints included percentage and absolute changes in atherogenic lipoproteins. Safety was assessed over 540 days. The mean baseline (SD) LDL-C was 3.6 (1.5) mmol/L. At Day 510, the placebo-corrected LDL-C change with inclisiran was −43.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): −52.8 to −34.6] with a corresponding time-adjusted change of −41.0% (95% CI: −47.8 to −34.2); (P < 0.0001). The placebo-corrected absolute change in LDL-C at Day 510 with inclisiran was −1.5 mmol/L (95% CI: −1.8 to −1.2), with a respective time-adjusted change of −1.3 mmol/L (95% CI: −1.6 to −1.1). Inclisiran significantly lowered non-HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apoB) at Day 510 vs. placebo (P < 0.0001 for both), with a greater likelihood of attaining lipoprotein and apoB goals, and was well-tolerated except for mainly mild, treatment-emergent adverse events at the injection site. Conclusion Inclisiran was generally well-tolerated in primary prevention patients with elevated LDL-C, who derived significant reductions in atherogenic lipoprotein levels with twice-yearly maintenance dosing.
The equation of state for dense nucleonic matter from a meta-modeling (II): predictions for neutron stars properties

Employing a recently proposed meta-modeling for the equation of state for nucleonic matter we analyse neutron star global properties such as masses, radii, momentum of inertia, and others. The impact of the uncertainty on empirical parameters on these global properties is analysed in a Bayesian statistical approach. Physical constraints, such as causality and stability, are imposed on the equation of state and different hypotheses for the direct Urca (dUrca) process are investigated. Our main results are the following: the equation of state can be slightly softer if the dUrca is forbidden up to $2M_\odot$ {compared to cases where dUrca is allowed below $2M_\odot$}; neutron stars, if composed exclusively of nucleons and leptons, have a radius of 12.5$\pm$0.4~km (resp. 12.2$\pm$0.8~km) for masses ranging from 1 up to 1.6$M_\odot$ (resp. 1.6-2$M_\odot$) ; a small radius such as 11~km is still marginally compatible with our present knowledge of the empirical parameters if dUrca is always (up to $2M_\odot$) forbidden, but this is hardly the case if very massive NS can cool via dUrca; and finally, the most important empirical parameters which are still affected by large uncertainties and play an important role in determining the radius of neutrons stars are the slope and curvature of the symmetry energy ($L_{sym}$ and $K_{sym}$) as well as the skewness parameters ($Q_{sat/sym}$).
Effective interfacial tension in flow-focusing of colloidal dispersions: 3-D numerical simulations and experiments

An interface between two miscible fluids is transient, existing as a non-equilibrium state before complete molecular mixing is reached. However, during the existence of such an interface, which typically occurs at relatively short time scales, composition gradients at the boundary between the two liquids cause stresses effectively mimicking an interfacial tension. Here, we combine numerical modelling and experiments to study the influence of an effective interfacial tension between a colloidal fibre dispersion and its own solvent on the flow in a microfluidic system. In a flow-focusing channel, the dispersion is injected as core flow that is hydrodynamically focused by its solvent as sheath flows. This leads to the formation of a long fluid thread, which is characterized in three dimensions using optical coherence tomography and simulated using a volume of fluid method. The simulated flow and thread geometries very closely reproduce the experimental results in terms of thread topology and velocity flow fields. By varying the interfacial tension numerically, we show that it controls the thread development, which can be described by an effective capillary number. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the applied methodology provide the means to measure the ultra-low but dynamically highly significant effective interfacial tension.
APOE ɛ4 allele and TOMM40‐APOC1 variants jointly contribute to survival to older ages

Age‐related diseases characteristic of post‐reproductive life, aging, and life span are the examples of polygenic non‐Mendelian traits with intricate genetic architectures. Polygenicity of these traits implies that multiple variants can impact their risks independently or jointly as combinations of specific variants. Here, we examined chances to live to older ages, 85 years and older, for carriers of compound genotypes comprised of combinations of genotypes of rs429358 (APOE ɛ4 encoding polymorphism), rs2075650 (TOMM40), and rs12721046 (APOC1) polymorphisms using data from four human studies. The choice of these polymorphisms was motivated by our prior results showing that the ɛ4 carriers having minor alleles of the other two polymorphisms were at exceptionally high risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), compared with non‐carriers of the minor alleles. Consistent with our prior findings for AD, we show here that the adverse effect of the ɛ4 allele on survival to older ages is significantly higher in carriers of minor alleles of rs2075650 and/or rs12721046 polymorphisms compared with their non‐carriers. The exclusion of AD cases made this effect stronger. Our results provide compelling evidence that AD does not mediate the associations of the same compound genotypes with chances to survive until older ages, indicating the existence of genetically heterogeneous mechanisms. The survival chances can be mainly associated with lipid‐ and immunity‐related mechanisms, whereas the AD risk, can be driven by the AD‐biomarker‐related mechanism, among others. Targeting heterogeneous polygenic profiles of individuals at high risks of complex traits is promising for the translation of genetic discoveries to health care.
Investigating the Metallicity–Mixing-length Relation

Stellar models typically use the mixing-length approximation as a way to implement convection in a simplified manner. While conventionally the value of the mixing-length parameter, α, used is the solar-calibrated value, many studies have shown that other values of α are needed to properly model stars. This uncertainty in the value of the mixing-length parameter is a major source of error in stellar models and isochrones. Using asteroseismic data, we determine the value of the mixing-length parameter required to properly model a set of about 450 stars ranging in log g, , and . The relationship between the value of α required and the properties of the star is then investigated. For Eddington atmosphere, non-diffusion models, we find that the value of α can be approximated by a linear model, in the form of . This process is repeated using a variety of model physics, as well as compared with previous studies and results from 3D convective simulations.
Comparison of the Effect of Bromfenac versus Betamethasone Ophthalmic Solutions in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema

Abstract Purpose To examine the effect of 0.1% bromfenac (BF) ophthalmic solution and 0.1% betamethasone (BM) ophthalmic solution on diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods This was a prospective trial. Nineteen patients (mean age of 66.6 ± 10.1 years) with DME and mean retinal thickness within a diameter of 1 mm from the fovea (central subfield thickness: CST) of 250–500 µm were randomized and instilled with BF or BM. CST, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and intraocular pressure (IOP) were measured at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after administration. Results CST at baseline (p = .128) and that at 4, 8, and 12 weeks of administration was not significantly different between the BF (10 patients) and BM groups (9 patients). In patients with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <8.0%, CST, compared with baseline, was significantly decreased in the BF group (seven patients) at 8 (p = .025) and 12 weeks (p = .043) of administration. When compared with the baseline, no significant changes in BCVA were observed at any point in time in either group. Baseline IOP was comparable between the groups. In the BM group, the values of change in IOP from baseline significantly increased at 8 (p = .025) and 12 weeks (p = .044) of administration, with no significant changes in IOP over the 12 weeks of administration in the BF group. Conclusions BF did not affect IOP even after 12 weeks of administration, suggesting its effect in reducing CST in DME with good glycemic control. Trial registration University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN-CTR); UMIN000026201, February 18, 2017; Japan Registry of Clinical Trials; jRCTs031180308, March 15, 2019
Duality Quantum Computing with Subwave Projections

Duality quantum computing (DQC) offers the use of linear combination of unitaries (LCU), or generalized quantum gates, in designing quantum algorithms. DQC contains wave divider and wave combiner operations. The wave function of a quantum computer is split into several subwaves after the wave division operation. Then different unitary operations are performed on different subwaves in parallel. A quantum wave combiner combines the subwaves into a final wave function, so that a linear combination of the unitaries are performed on the final state. In this paper, we study of the properties of duality quantum computer with projections on subwaves. In subwave-projection DQC (SWP-DQC), we can realize the linear combinations of non-unitaries, and this not only gives further flexibility for designing quantum algorithms, but also offers additional speedup in the expected time complexity. Specifically, SWP-DQC offers an O(M) acceleration over DQC with only final-wave-projection in the mean time complexity, where M is the number of projections. As an application, we show that the ground state preparation algorithm recently proposed by Ge, Tura, and Cirac is actually an DQC algorithm, and we further optimized the algorithm using SWP-DQC, which can save up to $\log_2 N$ qubits compared DQC without subwave projection, where N is the dimension of the system's Hilbert Space.
Angular Momentum and Spin in a Local-Realistic Model of Quantum Mechanics

This paper presents an extension of the realistic, stochastic, and local model for Quantum Mechanics published in [1]. The proposed model reproduces nonrelativistic quantum mechanics (QM) results without using its mathematical formulation, but using only integer-valued quantities and operations on probabilities, in particular assuming a discrete spacetime under the form of a lattice. Individual particle trajectories are described as random walks. Transition probabilities are simple functions of a few quantities that are either randomly associated to the particles during their preparation, or stored in the lattice nodes they visit during the walk. QM predictions are retrieved as probability distributions of similarly-prepared ensembles of particles. This paper adds the description of spin and spin entanglement, including the description of Stern-Gerlach apparatuses and Bell test experiments.
Potassium bromide, KBr/{\epsilon} : New Force Field

The correct description of the ionic interaction and stable equilibrium of the simulations of biomolecular structure, dynamics, folding, catalysis, and function, an accurate model of the monovalent ions is very important. The force field needs to reproduce coincident many properties of ions, like their structure, solvation, and moreover both the interactions of these ions with each other in the crystal and in solution and the interactions of ions with other molecules. Using a similar strategy employed in the parameterization of the NaCl/epsilon , in this paper, we first propose a force field for the Potassium Bromide, the KBr/epsilon. This new model is compared with the experimental values of cristal density and structure for the salt and the density, the viscosity, the dielectric constant and the solubility in the water solution for a range of concentrations. Next, the transferability, of this new model KBr/epsilon and the NaCl/epsilon, is verified by creating the KCl/epsilon and the NaBr/epsilon models. The strategy is to employ the same parameters obtained for the NaCl/epsilon and for the KBr/epsilon force fields. The two new models derived are also compared with the experimental values for the density, the viscosity, the dielectric constant and the solubility in the water solution for a range of concentrations.