Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification and handling of dialectal variation with a single grammar

We present a study on approaches to handle variation in a deep natural language processing formalism. It allows a grammar to be parameterized as to what language variants it accepts, but also to detect such variants. In this respect, we compare it to standard language identification methods, employed here to detect variation in the same language.
Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of Yulingdang jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit at different stages of maturity

ABSTRACT Ziziphus jujuba cv. Yulingdang (YLD) is a jujube cultivar that has been approved as a new plant cultivar by the State Forestry Administration of China. The physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of YLD fruit were evaluated at seven stages of maturation, ranging from fruit setting to red ripe. The antioxidant activity of YLD fruit was assessed through total phenolics, total flavonoids, and methods including the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, β-carotene-linoleic acid emulsification method, and reducing power. These measures were observed to decrease gradually as maturation progressed. The study also indicated an increase in total sugar and total acid levels, along with a decrease in moisture, soluble protein, and the sugar-acid ratio during maturation. Understanding this information is essential to fully exploit the commercial potential of YLD fruit.
Echocardiographic Assessment of Right Ventricular Systolic Function in Conscious Healthy Dogs

ii Acknowledgments. iii Vita . ivv List of Tables . vviii List of Figures.ix Chapter 1. General Introduction and Review of the Literature.1 General Introduction.1 Review of the Literature.2 References.13 Chapter 2. Echocardiographic Assessment of Right Ventricular Systolic Function in Conscious Healthy Dogs: Repeatability and Reference Values.21 Abstract.2
Exact solution and finite size properties of the U q [ osp ( 2 | 2 m ) ] vertex models

Exact solution and finite size properties of the U q [osp(2|2m)] vertex models Abstract We have diagonalized the transfer matrix of the U q [osp(2|2m)] vertex model by means of the algebraic Bethe ansatz method for a variety of grading possibilities. This allowed us to investigate the thermodynamic limit as well as the finite size properties of the corresponding spin chain in the massless regime. The leading behaviour of the finite size corrections to the spectrum is conjectured for arbitrary m. For m = 1 we find a critical line with central charge c = −1 whose exponents vary continuously with the q-deformation parameter. For m ≥ 2 the finite size term related to the conformal anomaly depends on the anisotropy which indicates a multicritical behaviour typical of loop models.
Cancer Vaccines

This unit describes the use of retroviral vectors that can be successfully employed for gene transfer into both primary tumor cultures and established cell lines. The unit includes procedures for assaying the stability of the vaccine following gene transfer. Techniques for maintaining the retroviral producer lines and titering the retroviral vectors are also described. A protocol for frozen storage of the vaccine (transduced tumor cells) is provided. In addition, methods are described for characterizing the vaccine cells following gene transfer. Directions for testing the expression of the transferred gene in the transfected tumor line are also given. The final protocol provides suggestions for designing in vivo animal experiments and discusses what has to be observed in a clinical setting.
Finger Readjustment Algorithm for Object Manipulation Based on Tactile Information Regular Paper

This paper presents a novel algorithm which registers pressure information from tactile sensors installed over the fingers of a robotic hand in order to perform manipulation tasks with objects. This algorithm receives as an input the joint trajectories of the fingers which have to be executed and adapts it to the real contact pressure of each finger in order to guarantee that undesired slippage or contact‐breaking is avoided during the execution of the manipulation task. This algorithm has been applied not only for the manipulation of normal rigid bodies but also for bodies whose centre of mass can be changed during the execution of the manipulation task.
Congestion Avoidance for Multiple Micro-robots Using the Behaviour of Fish Schools

This article summarizes a research topic which discusses one of the most common problems in multiple micro-robots' navigation, namely congestion avoidance. This situation occurs when troops of micro-robots moving in different directions meet each other at a common area causing congestion situations. To avoid this risky state - which can create an inextricable scenario - firstly, we established a local and a global communication network that manages the robots' displacement through formation control. This warns each of them of the existence of a risk of congestion and manages the choice of the priority group, which is a new concept that we introduce in order to deal with this kind of congestion conflict. Secondly, we consider a new algorithm based on chaotic equations and inspired by the behaviour of schools of fish, which solves the congestion problem by creating a bifurcation of the troop's configuration and enables the proper avoidance of the conflict exhibited by congestion.
Hybrid Facial Representations for Emotion Recognition

© 2013 Woo-han Yun et al. 1021 http://dx.doi. org/10.4218/etrij.13. 2013.0054 Automatic facial expression recognition is a widely studied problem in computer vision and human-robot interaction. There has been a range of studies for representing facial descriptors for facial expression recognition. Some prominent descriptors were presented in the first facial expression recognition and analysis challenge (FERA2011). In that competition, the Local Gabor Binary Pattern Histogram Sequence descriptor showed the most powerful description capability. In this paper, we introduce hybrid facial representations for facial expression recognition, which have more powerful description capability with lower dimensionality. Our descriptors consist of a block-based descriptor and a pixelbased descriptor. The block-based descriptor represents the micro-orientation and micro-geometric structure information. The pixel-based descriptor represents texture information. We validate our descriptors on two public databases, and the results show that our descriptors perform well with a relatively low dimensionality.
Precambrian hydrocarbon residues associated with Mississippi Valley-type mineralization in the Transvaal Sequence, South Africa

Carbonaceous matter occurs with lead-zinc mineralization in the Zeerust and Pering-Bushy Park districts of the Transvaal Sequence. The organic matter has developed a thermal mesophase, and shows textures of both graphitizing and non-graphitizing carbons. Textural evidence indicates that the residues are the remains of petroleum migration. Geological constraints place the migration as occurring between 2224 - 2060 Ma. It is believed that these organic residues represent the oldest reported evidence for petroleum migration
Failure to thrive.

Enteric diseases are some of the most significant contributors to baby pig morbidity and mortality in the farrowing house. Piglet immunity must be maximized in order to provide them with the opportunity to thrive in the farrowing house. The production of consistent, high quality pigs is a goal all sow operations are working to achieve. By maximizing piglet immunity and using proper husbandry practices, scouring problems can be minimized. Escherichia coli, clostridial diseases, rotavirus, and coccidiosis continue to be the major pathogens of concern in the pre-weaning period. Some things have changed over time while others continue to be the same. It is the goal of this paper to briefly review key concepts on maximizing piglet immunity as well as address some of the current trends in enteric pathogens in the farrowing house.
Epiglottic squamous cell carcinoma

A 56 year old woman with history of epiglottic squamous cell cancer (SCC), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), requiring 4 L O 2 supplementation, asthma, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, gastroesophageal re ﬂ ux disease, dysphagia, and tobacco abuse presented for laparo-scopicjejunostomytubeplacementtosupplementnutritional intake during radiation therapy. Less than one month prior to presentation, she underwent awake intubation utilizing videolaryngoscopy with afullview of theglottis. A computed tomography scan of the neck demonstrated a 3.1 × 1.8 cm epiglottic mass (Image A) and nasolaryngoscopy revealed a mass on the epiglottis to the mid-laryngeal surface without obstruction of the glottis. Given the patient ’ s reassuring nasolaryngoscopy examination and prior successful intubation, intubation for the jejunostomy tube placement was performed utilizingvideolaryngoscopy. Afterinduction,easy bag-mask ventillation was con ﬁ rmed before succinylcholine, a short-acting neuromuscular blocker, was given to optimize intubating conditions. Using a Glidescope© LoPro video laryngoscope (Verathon Inc.), the mass was visualized to be partially obstructing the laryngeal inlet (Image B); however, intubation went without complication. On postoperative day 4, the patient stated that she no longer wanted to move for-ward with radiation therapy as she felt that she was experi-encing signi ﬁ cant weakness. At that time, the patient changed her code status to Do-Not-Resuscitate
Small steps towards building national–regional–global coherence in monitoring WASH

The global system of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) monitoring lacks coherence. There are large numbers of monitoring initiatives, yet there are major gaps in data collection, analysis, and reporting. Despite the enormity of the challenge, there is reason for optimism. Some countries have taken the initiative to promote a convergence of user and provider data. Regional monitoring instruments are under development in Africa and South Asia reporting on regional political commitments; they should seek consistency with national and global systems. Global instruments such as the Joint Monitoring Programme and UN-Water Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking-Water (GLAAS) have made significant advances and are well positioned to adapt to the post-millennium development goal environment; they should align with global accountability frameworks, such as the political accountability being built into Sanitation and Water for All (SWA).
The Effect of BMI on Community-Acquired Pneumonia Incidence and Mortality in Veterans

Author(s): Corey, Katelyn Chandler | Advisor(s): Hoggatt, Katherine J; Rimoin, Anne W | Abstract: This study aimed to assess the effect body mass index (BMI) has on community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) incidence and mortality in the Veteran Healthcare System. A historical cohort of 3,606,564 subjects was identified between fiscal year 2010-2012, and was followed until the end of fiscal year 2015 for the outcomes of CAP and 30-day all-cause mortality post-CAP infection. A total of 210,408 cases of CAP were identified during follow-up. Men who were overweight or obese had a protective effect on CAP incidence, while women were at a slight increased risk. A sub-cohort, made up of those diagnosed with CAP, was analyzed for the association of BMI and 30-day all-cause mortality. For overweight and obese men and women there was a decrease in mortality in the 30-days post-CAP infection, supporting previous findings of the “obesity paradox”. However, new evidence has come to light that may reverse the “obesity paradox” in future studies.
Science Plan Biogenic Aerosols – Effects on Clouds and Climate (BAECC)

United States nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. Summary Atmospheric aerosol particles impact human health in urban environments, while on regional and global scales they can affect climate patterns, the hydrological cycle, and the intensity of radiation that reaches the Earth's surface. In spite of recent advances in the understanding of aerosol formation processes and the links between aerosol dynamics and biosphere-atmosphere-climate interactions, great challenges remain in the analysis of related processes on a global scale. Boreal forests, situated in a circumpolar belt in the northern latitudes throughout the United States, Canada, Russia and Scandinavia, are among the most active areas of atmospheric aerosol formation among all biomes. The formation of aerosol particles and their growth to the sizes of cloud condensation nuclei in these areas are associated with biogenic volatile organic emissions from vegetation and soil. One of the world's most comprehensive observation sites in a boreal forest environment, measuring atmospheric aerosols, biogenic emissions, and an extensive suite of relevant atmosphere-biosphere parameters, is SMEAR II (Station for Measuring Forest Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations II) in Hyytiälä, Finland. The station has been monitoring biosphere-atmosphere interactions continuously since 1996, and is operated by the University of Helsinki, Division of Atmospheric Sciences, together with the university's Forest Science department. The U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program will bring its ARM Mobile Facility 2 (AMF2) to Hyytiälä, joining SMEAR-II for an intensive measurement campaign called the " Biogenic Aerosols-Effects on Clouds and Climate (BAECC) " experiment. The campaign started in February 2014. The BAECC experiment will provide a bridge from an 18-year long SMEAR-II observation record to the impact of biogenic aerosols on clouds, precipitation, and climate. This will be achieved by simultaneous observations of precursor vapor emission and aerosol, cloud, and precipitation microstructure. This data set will be used to 1. …
Techno-economic evaluation of building energy refurbishment processes from a life cycle perspective

2010/31/EU zuzentarauan zehaztutako eraikinen portaera energetikoaren mugen arabera, eraikinak gero eta energetikoki eraginkorrago bihurtu eta haien erabilera etaparen inpaktua ia zeroko balioetara murriztuko da. Gaur egungo Europako eraikinak aztertu ondoren, eraikinen birgaitze energetikoaren beharra eraikuntza sektoreko eskuhartze garrantzitsuenetako bat bilakatu da. Ondorioz, ikerketa lan honen helburua birgaitze estrategia desberdinen artean aukeratu eta lehenesteko ebaluazio metodologia kuantitatibo bat proposatzean datza. Gaur egungo ebaluazio sistema desberdinen onura eta ahuleziak aztertu ostean, tesi hau zenbait galderaren inguruko erantzuna bilatzeko prozesuan oinarritu da: beharrezkoa al da eraikin baten birgaitze energetikoko estrategien artean aukeratzeko garaian eraikinaren bizi zikloko etapa guztietan sorturiko inpaktuak zenbatzea, edo nahikoa litzateke erabilera etaparekin loturiko inpaktuak zenbatzea? Zein punturaino sinplifikatu daiteke ebaluazio sistemaren irismena, emaitzen zehaztasuna eta, ondorioz, harturiko erabakiak arriskuan jarri gabe? Zein da metodologia honen bidez lorturiko emaitzen zehaztasunaren eta berau erabiltzeak dakarren esfortzu eta denboraren (inbertsio ekonomikoa) arteko erlazioa? Galdera horiei erantzuteko asmoz, EN 15978 eta prEN 16627 estandarretan oinarrituz, ikerketa lan honek irizpide anizdun metodologia kuantitatibo bat proposatu du, eraikin baten birgaitze energetikoaren bizi zikloko etapa bakoitzaren ingurumen eta ekonomia inpaktua ebaluatzea ahalbidetuz. 1963an Donostian eraikitako etxebizitza bloke batean eta mozte arau desberdinetan oinarriturik, lan honetan proposatutako metodologia balioztatu da eta lorturiko emaitzen bidez, egoera desberdinetan aplika daitezkeen irismen sinplifikazio desberdinak aztertu dira. Azkenik, sistemaren irismenaren inguruko analisia egiterakoan eta parametro bakoitzaren informazioa zehazterakoan aurkitu diren zailtasun desberdinak ikusirik, tesiaren bigarren atala proposaturiko metodologiako bizi zikloaren etapa bakoitzaren inpaktua kalkulatzeko orduan aplikatzen diren datu sarreren ziurgabetasunaren edo informaziorik ezaren eragina aztertzean oinarritzen da, adierazle desberdinengan aldagai bakoitzak duen eragina zenbatuz.
Purely Functional Lazy Non-deterministic Programming

Functional logic programming and probabilistic programming have demonstrated the broad benefits of combining laziness (non-strict evaluation with sharing of the results) with non-determinism. Yet these benefits are seldom enjoyed in functional programming, because the existing features for non-strictness, sharing, and nondeterminism in functional languages are tricky to combine. We present a practical way to write purely functional lazy non-deterministic programs that are efficient and perspicuous. We achieve this goal by embedding the programs into existing languages (such as Haskell, SML, and OCaml) with high-quality implementations, by making choices lazily and representing data with non-deterministic components, by working with custom monadic data types and search strategies, and by providing equational laws for the programmer to reason about their code.
Total quality management: a critical literature review using Pareto analysis

Purpose Due to its impact on business performance total quality management (TQM) has gained a lot of importance by businessmen, managers, practitioners, and research scholars over the last 20 years. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to critically assess the literature on TQM and find out the areas where future research is required. Design/methodology/approach To achieve this purpose the articles published in the last 20 years were studied in a systematic way and a snapshot of the same was prepared in the tabular format with points such as year and journal of publication, application and country, statistical method used, and findings of the study such as practices and impact of TQM. After identifying the practices and impact of TQM a quality tool “Pareto Analysis” was applied on them for development of the model. Findings The findings provide the practices of TQM and its impact on the performance of a business. The gaps from the literature have been identified and areas for future research have been suggested. On the basis of the findings a generalized framework of TQM has been suggested which can be applicable irrespective of the sector. Practical implications The research will help academicians and future researchers to have a clear understanding of TQM in different rosters. Originality/value Ample literature is available on TQM but in the best knowledge of authors no study has taken place to integrate the reviews and findings of 102 research papers of the last two decades.
Imaging approach of gastric cancer : what radiodiologist needs to know.

Poster: "ECR 2012 / C-1589 / Imaging approach of gastric cancer : what radiodiologist needs to know. " by: "R. Vialle, P.-O. Duboe, T. Rocher, S. Velasco, S. Boucebci, J.-P. Tasu; Poitiers/FR"
Independent Instrumental Case Studies: Allowing for the Autonomy of Cultural, Social and Business Networks in Tanzania

Tourism is being utilized as a key economic development tool of the 21st century. Serious concern over the benefit of tourism for the poor has contributed to discussion on community involvement and community participation in contemporary literature. In particular, sustainable development has become a way to address the long-term viability of income and employment in least-developed countries while attempting to preserve traditional customs and culture in the face of globalization. Sustainability refers to finding solutions to poverty without compromising the natural and cultural resource base needed by future generations to pursue their own economic goals. This task requires attention to the economic, cultural and social needs of all groups while focusing on solutions that are also viable for the long term (Bramwell, 2001; Davidson, 2007; Mfaume & Leonard, 2004). It is also important to note that social structures and cultural references vary noticeably within countries and regions. Therefore, three separate, independent instrumental case studies (also known as collective case studies) were conducted in three distinct Tanzanian communities in or around tourism destinations. The objective was to allow for the autonomy of specific cultural, social and business networks to be reflected in the research methodology. Case studies allow for the investigation of constraints to economic participation within real-life experiences, as there is no clear distinction between the phenomenon and the context. Instrumental case studies strive to develop theory, or in this case, facilitate understanding of pervasive problems and do not require typical study populations (Stake, 1995). An instrumental case study is utilized where a ‘particular case is examined mainly to provide insight’ into a phenomenon and the case supports understanding of the phenomenon (Denzin & Lincoln, 2005). The emphasis is placed on specific issues rather than on the case itself. The case in then used as a vehicle to develop a better understanding of the situation or problem (Stake, 2003). Single case studies are ideal for investigating a phenomenon that has not been previously studied and can make a significant contribution to knowledge (Yin, 2003). Since constraints to economic participation within Tanzania have not yet been empirically studied, each individual case study is exploratory in nature. Once the specific case studies were independently derived and themes developed, a cross-case comparison offered insight into reoccurring themes or case-specific constraints. Using an iterative process, the strength of this methodology lies in the inductive approach that provides suggestive rather than definitive analysis (Welch, 1994). The first phase of analysis results in ‘within’ themes specific to a particular region. Using cross-case comparisons, emergent patterns provide similarities and differences between the three communities.
CMU / SEI-93-TR-00 2 ESC-TR-93-179 Distributed Real-Time System Design : Theoretical Concepts and Applications

Distributed real-time system design raises new theoretical issues and application challenges, beyond those of centralized systems. Rate monotonic scheduling (RMS) theory has been successfully applied in the scheduling of centralized systems. RMS and its generalizations have been adopted by national high technology projects such as the Space Station and has recently been supported by major open standards such as the IEEE Futurebus+ and POSIX.4. In this paper, we describe the use of generalized rate monotonic scheduling theory for the design and analysis of a distributed real-time system. We review the recent extensions of the theory to distributed system scheduling, examine the architectural requirements for use of the theory, and finally provide an application example.