Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ion-acoustic envelope excitations in multispecies plasma with non-thermally distributed electrons

Abstract By using the standard reductive perturbation technique, a nonlinear Schrödinger equation is derived to study the stability of finite amplitude ion-acoustic waves in an unmagnetized plasma consisting of warm positive and negative ions and non-thermal electrons. The effect of relative temperature of positive and negative ions, their charge and mass ratios, density ratios and non-thermally distributed electrons on modulational instability of fast and slow ion-acoustic mode is investigated. It is found that these parameters significantly change the domain of modulation instability. Both, envelope and dark solitons appear in different regions of parameter space.
Using All Observed Information in a Variational Approach to Measuring z0m and z0t

Abstract A variational method is developed to estimate the aerodynamic roughness length and roughness scaling length for temperature based on wind and temperature measurements conducted routinely at an observational network. The problem is formulated to find optimal estimates of roughness lengths for momentum and heat transfer through a minimization of a cost function with respect to these two roughness lengths that measures the errors between observed and predicted wind and temperature profiles. The method has been applied to data collected in two experimental campaigns. Some results are compared with other methods used to compute the aerodynamic roughness length. The variational computations show that the aerodynamic roughness lengths agree well with the estimated z0m in the experimental campaigns. The roughness scaling lengths for temperature z0t are in most cases one order of magnitude smaller than z0m. It was found that the variations of z0m and z0t during the course of a day are not likely to follow.
Safety and efficacy of durvalumab after concurrent chemoradiation in Black patients with locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer

The PACIFIC trial established consolidative durvalumab after concurrent chemoradiation as standard‐of‐care in patients with stage III or unresectable non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Black patients, however, comprised just 2% (n = 14) of randomized patients in this trial, warranting real‐world evaluation of the PACIFIC regimen in these patients.
Modeling argumentation based semantics using non-monotonic reasoning

Argumentation theory is an alternative style of formalizing non-monotonic reasoning. It seems, argumentation theory is a suitable framework for practical and uncertain reasoning, where arguments support conclusions. Dung’s approach is an unifying framework which has played an influential role on argumentation research and Artificial Intelligence. Even though the success of the argumentation theory, it seems that argumentation theory is so far from being efficiently implemented like the logic programming approach. We present a case of use of the well-known enumerate and eliminate approach to solve the decision problem of the admissible sets and the preferred semantics. By considering this approach, we identify a relationship between the decision problem of the Dung’s preferred semantics and the decision problems of the value-based argumentation’s preferred semantics. Moreover, we introduce an efficient, clear, and elegant methodology to implement Dung’s approach based on the high-level representation of Answer Set Programming (ASP). This methodology is based on the definition of polynomial time mappings from an argumentation framework to logic programs. By using this methodology, we define a direct relationship between the preferred semantics and minimal models of logic programs. On the other hand, our methodology help us to define efficient extensions of the grounded semantics based on extensions of Well-Founded Semantics (WFS). We point out that our extensions of the grounded semantics offer some advantages to solve an open problem in argumentation based semantics
Non‐paretic leg movements can facilitate cortical drive to the paretic leg in individuals post stroke with severe motor impairment: Implications for motor priming

Cross‐education, a phenomenon where unilateral strength (or skill) training enhances strength (or skill) in the contralateral untrained limb, has been well studied in able‐bodied individuals. Cross‐education effect accompanies bilateral changes of corticomotor activity in the motor cortex (M1). Recent reports demonstrated greater cross‐education effect in stroke survivors compared to healthy individuals, however, corticomotor responses to cross‐education in stroke remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effects of non‐paretic leg movements on corticomotor excitability (CME) and reaction time of the paretic leg in severely impaired stroke survivors. Seventeen post stroke individuals with severe leg motor impairment (Fugl‐Meyer lower extremity score less than 21 and absence of motor evoked potential in the paretic leg) performed three 20‐min motor trainings using their non‐paretic ankle: skill (targeted dynamic movements), strength (isometric resistance) and sham (sub‐threshold electrical nerve stimulation). During training, verbal instructions were given to the participants to limit their movement to the non‐paretic leg and this was confirmed with visual observation of the paretic leg. Transcranial magnetic stimulation measured CME of the contralateral pathways from the non‐lesioned M1 to the non‐paretic tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, ipsilateral pathways to the paretic TA and transcallosal inhibition (TCI) from the non‐lesioned to lesioned M1. Paretic ankle reaction time was measured using a reaction time paradigm. All outcomes were measured before, immediately post, 30‐min post and 60‐min post priming. CME of the non‐paretic TA increased after skill (.08 ± .10 mV) and strength (.06 ± .05 mV) training (p < .01). Ipsilateral CME of the paretic TA (.02 ± .01 mV) and TCI (.01 ± .01 s, ipsilateral silent period; more inhibition to the lesioned M1) increased after skill (p < .05) but not strength training. Reaction time of the paretic ankle improved after skill and strength training (−.11 ± .2 and −.13 ± .20 s, respectively; p < .05) and was sustained at 60 min. No changes were observed during the sham condition. Our findings may inform future studies for using non‐paretic leg movements as a priming modality, especially for those who are contraindicated to other priming paradigms (e.g., brain stimulation) or unable to perform paretic leg movements. Conclusion: Non‐paretic leg movements can be used as a priming modality, especially for those who are contraindicated to other priming paradigms (e.g., brain stimulation) or unable to perform paretic leg movements.
Rare clival localization of an eosinophilic granuloma: illustrative case

BACKGROUND Eosinophilic granuloma (EG) belongs to the family of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and is considered to be a benign disease typically found in children younger than 15 years of age. Here, the authors describe an EG of unusual localization and clinical presentation. OBSERVATIONS The authors report a 9-year-old girl with an EG presenting as an osteolytic lesion of the clivus. After transsphenoidal resection and histological confirmation, adjuvant chemotherapy was initiated. Presenting signs and symptoms were weight loss, episodic grimacing, and moderate ballism-like movements. After a follow-up-period of 32 months, the patient presented with a total resolution of initial symptoms and no further tumor growth. LESSONS Although these lesions are rare, one should consider EG as a differential diagnosis when confronted with osteolytic lesions of the clivus.
Reduced Order Models Using Generalized Eigenanalysis

This article discusses the use of generalized eigenanalysis to extract reduced order models from the linearization of structural and aeroelastic problems written in differential-algebraic form. These problems may arise from multi-body analysis and in general from mixed approaches, where a high degree of generality and modelling flexibility are sought. A method based on a shift technique is proposed, that allows to exploit the regularity of the matrix pencil resulting from the linearization of differential-algebraic problems. Alternatively, the generalized Schur decomposition, or QZ decomposition, is directly used to select a cluster of eigenvalues related to the dynamic states. The two approaches are used to reduce the model to ordinary differential in state-space form. The two methods are applied to simple numerical problems, highlighting their robustness and versatility compared to other techniques. They are also applied to numerical models of a high-altitude long endurance aircraft obtained using a free general-purpose multi-body solver and a dedicated mixed variational solver.
The stability of an incompressible electrically conducting fluid rotating about an axis when current flows parallel to the axis

The problem of the stability of a fluid rotating about an axis to an axisymmetric disturbance has been examined in the inviscid case by Rayleigh [1], who derived a simple criterion based on an analogy with the stability of plane stratified fluid of variable density. Later a complete discussion of the stability of viscous motion between rotating cylinders for small axisymmetric disturbances was given by G. I. Taylor [2]. More recently, the problem of magneto-hydrodynamic stability has claimed the attention of several workers, and, amongst other problems, the stability of a rotating fluid, when a constant magnetic field is applied in the direction of the axis of rotation, has been examined by Chandrasekhar [3]
Performance of Risk Models to Predict Mortality Risk for Patients with Heart Failure: Evaluation in an Integrated Health System

Background: Referral of patients with heart failure (HF) who are at high mortality risk for specialist evaluation is recommended. Yet, most tools for identifying such patients are difficult to implement in electronic health record (EHR) systems. Objective: To assess the performance and ease of implementation of Machine learning Assessment of RisK and EaRly mortality in Heart Failure (MARKER-HF), a machine-learning model that uses structured data that is readily available in the EHR, and compare it with two commonly-used risk scores: the Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM) and Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic (MAGGIC) Heart Failure Risk Score. Design: Retrospective, cohort study Participants: Data from 6,764 adults with HF were abstracted from EHRs at a large integrated health system from 1/1/10-12/31/19. Main Measures: One-year survival from time of first cardiology or primary care visit was estimated using MARKER-HF, SHFM and MAGGIC. Discrimination was measured by the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). Calibration was assessed graphically. Key Results: Compared to MARKER-HF, both SHFM and MAGGIC required a considerably larger amount of data engineering and imputation to generate risk score estimates. MARKER-HF, SHFM, and MAGGIC exhibited similar discriminations with AUCs of 0.70 (0.69-0.73), 0.71 (0.69-0.72), and 0.71 (95% CI 0.70-0.73) respectively. All three scores showed good calibration across the full risk spectrum. Conclusions: These findings suggest that MARKER-HF, which uses readily available clinical and lab measurements in the EHR and required less imputation and data engineering than SHFM and MAGGIC, is an easier tool to identify high-risk patients in ambulatory clinics who could benefit from referral to a HF specialist.
Utility of Machine Learning Technology in Microbial Identification: A Critical Review

Abstract Microorganisms are ubiquitous and have far-reaching effects on human life. Since their discovery in the 19th century, microorganisms have fascinated biologists. Microbes play a crucial role in the material and elemental cycles of the natural world. Growing own microbes for research purposes requires a significant time and financial investment. On the other hand, high-throughput sequencing technology cannot advance at the same clip as the culture method. The area of microbiology has made substantial use of machine learning (ML) methods to tackle this problem. Classification and prediction have emerged as key avenues for advancing microbial community research in computational biology. This research compares the advantages and disadvantages of using different algorithmic approaches in four subfields of microbiology (pathogen and epidemiology; microbial ecology; drug development; microbiome and taxonomy).
Alkhumra Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (AHFV): Current Status and Future Prospects

Abstract The objective of this review to summarize the current status of information about the Alkhumra hemorrhagic fever caused by Alkhumra hemorrhagic fever virus an Arboviral infection. This virus was identified in Alkhumra district of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in 1995 from a butcher patient. The infected individual develops symptoms febrile flu-like illness, hemorrhagic manifestations and less like encephalitis. Several cases have been reported from various locations of Saudi Arabia and a few from Egypt and is further expanding in tropical and subtropical regions of Western Asia. The virus is transmitted to human by direct contact to animal, raw meat, and biproducts as well as either tick or mosquito bites. Based on the recent status, a great concern of public health was raised with the AHFV epidemics and infection. Currently, there is no effective vaccine and antiviral therapeutics against AHFV. So, there is an urgent need to design and develop an effective preventive measure using interdisciplinary approach. This review will provide the status of research work based on the latest published information about AHFV. The provided information will be highly useful to design the effective preventive measures to control the disease in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
The effects of ketamine on viability, primary DNA damage, and oxidative stress parameters in HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells

Abstract Ketamine is a dissociative anaesthetic used to induce general anaesthesia in humans and laboratory animals. Due to its hallucinogenic and dissociative effects, it is also used as a recreational drug. Anaesthetic agents can cause toxic effects at the cellular level and affect cell survival, induce DNA damage, and cause oxidant/antioxidant imbalance. The aim of this study was to explore these possible adverse effects of ketamine on hepatocellular HepG2 and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells after 24-hour exposure to a concentration range covering concentrations used in analgesia, drug abuse, and anaesthesia (0.39, 1.56, and 6.25 µmol/L, respectively). At these concentrations ketamine had relatively low toxic outcomes, as it lowered HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cell viability up to 30 %, and low, potentially repairable DNA damage. Interestingly, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) remained unchanged in both cell lines. On the other hand, oxidative stress markers [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT)] pointed to ketamine-induced oxidant/antioxidant imbalance.
Beginner-Coaches and Connectivity of Knowledge: Real-World Coaching and Self-Reported Importance of Prior Playing Experience

Abstract In what amounts to essentially being a part two to our previous work with six beginner-coaches that found noticeable benefits to reflective practice, yet a number of possible drawbacks such as time constraints and at times over-focusing on negative emotions (Hamblin & Crisp, 2022), we build upon the aims of that study that related to what beginner-coaches (in recreational sport fields) considered ideal coach learning within in-situ, practice-based contexts. Through revisiting the data of the first study (Hamblin & Crisp, 2022) and exploring an additional theme related to how the beginner-coaches identified sporting experience as a beneficial prerequisite to their own coaching practice, the present study sought to further investigate, and build upon, the findings and aspects of the first study. Continuing to explore how beginner-coaches who operate more within recreational (although still competitive) sport fields perceive in-situ, ideal learning, and continuing the same methodological approach, the present study conducted semi-structured interviews with another five beginner-coaches, adding to the six in the first study for a total of 11 participants. Transcriptions were analysed using thematic analysis and the themes found included sporting experience, traditional learning, and the benefits of reflective practice which highlights the ways all of the beginner-coaches (within both ‘part one’ and the present study – ‘part two’) felt they learn best. Importantly, these findings showed the self-reported importance of actually coaching (‘real world’ applications) and, of particular note, what were considered by the beginner-coaches to be the significant benefits of having accrued playing experience prior to starting coaching. These findings then may well provide further evidence to uphold and develop methods of coach education in the future to facilitate learning.
A new strategy to achieve high antimicrobial activity: green synthesised silver nanoparticle formulations with Galium aparine and Helichrysum arenarium

Abstract Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which have recently gained attention due to their antimicrobial activity, can also be produced by green synthesis. The aims of this study were to (i) characterise green synthesized AgNPs using microwave-assisted aqueous extracts of Galium aparine (G-AgNPs) and Helichrysum arenarium (H-AgNPs) and (ii) investigate the combined antimicrobial effects of the G- and H-AgNPs in different ratios. Nanoparticle formation and reactions were determined with UV-Vis spectroscopy. The G-AgNPs were 52.0±10.9 nm in size, with a 0.285±0.034 polydispersity index (PDI), and a -17.9±0.9 mV zeta potential. For H-AgNPs these characteristics were 23.9±1.0 nm, 0.280±0.032, and -21.3±2.7 mV, respectively. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the particles were monodisperse and spherical. The Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results showed the presence of reducing agents that stabilised the AgNPs. Three different nanoformulations (NF-1, NF-2, and NF-3) were prepared by combining these two synthesised nanoparticles in different ratios and their antimicrobial activity was tested against E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans, and A. flavus. Our study is the first to show that combining AgNPs from two different biological sources can produce effective nanoformulations with improved antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. These nanoformulations showed lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (31.25 µg/mL against E. coli with all NFs; 62.5 µg/mL for NF-1 and 125 µg/mL for NF-2/3 against S. aureus) than G-AgNPs (62.5 µg/mL for E. coli) or H-AgNPs (125 µg/mL for S. aureus) alone. Their high combined inhibitory effect against E. coli (NF-1–3) was synergistic and against S. aureus (NF-2 and NF-3) potentially additive. Considering such promising results, we believe our study provides some direction for new research and strategies in antimicrobial therapeutics.
A compact analytical method for vibration analysis of single-walled carbon nanotubes with restrained boundary conditions

In the present study, free vibration of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with restrained boundary conditions is studied using nonlocal elasticity theory. To give generality to the present problem, the SWCNT is assumed to be elastically restrained by means of rotational and translational springs at the ends. The lateral displacement function is considered to be in the form of a Fourier sine series. The first, second and higher order derivatives of the Fourier sine series are legitimized using Stoke's transformation. The main advantage of this transformation is its capability of dealing with various boundary conditions to determine the vibration frequencies. Numerical results are given for different nonlocality parameters, different length of SWCNTs and different boundary conditions. The present formulation can be used for the dynamic analyses of SWCNTs with generally restrained boundary conditions.
What Does Linguistic Distance Predict When It Comes to L2 Writing of Adult Immigrant Learners of Spanish?

This study examined whether the linguistic distance between the first (L1) and second (L2) language is a significant determinant of L2 writing skills of 292 adult immigrants from 39 different source countries, who were beginner learners of Spanish L2. Gender, age, length of residence in Spain, education level as a proxy for literacy skills in L1, enrolment in Spanish language courses, and overall communicative competence in Spanish were also considered. Using both standard procedures for assessing L2 writing and performance-based psycholinguistic measures of accuracy and text-production fluency, the findings highlight the important role of linguistic proximity in achieving greater accuracy, text-production fluency, and overall L2 writing scores. Other significant predictors were age, enrolment in Spanish courses, and education level for accuracy; and length of residence in Spain and education level for text-production fluency. Although length of residence in Spain was negatively associated with text-production fluency in L2 writing, mediation analyses revealed that the effect of age on text-production fluency was mediated by length of residence in Spain and that L2 proficiency level mediated the link between linguistic distance and text-production fluency. Furthermore, most of the errors that these immigrants made were morphosyntactic and spelling errors, while vocabulary errors were rare.
Drivers of Households’ off-the-farm Income Diversification Patterns in Nigeria: Panel Evidence Using General Household Survey Data

This study examines the drivers of households’ off-the-farm income diversification patterns using four waves of the Nigeria General Household Survey panel data. The study further investigates the motives for households’ off-the-farm income diversification patterns. The Simpson Income Diversification index and count index were used to measure income diversification. The results of heteroscedastic fractional probit correlated random effects and Poisson fixed effects indicate that the level of diversifying off-the-farm income is driven by attributes of household such as assets value, household size, female headship, level of education, dependency ratio, access to credit, distance to tarred road and geographical location of household at the national level. The study found that the motive for accumulation drives households’ off-the-farm income diversification rather than the motive for survival. Specifically, non-poor households in the urban sector seem more probable to expand into off-the-farm income enterprises than poor rural households. A major finding is that the choice of off-the-farm income diversification proxy has a great influence on the drivers.
Examination of Elements Influencing Mothers’ Dynamic Capacity and Versatility: A Household-level Analysis

The study aims at exploring the degree of dynamic capacities and versatility of mothers at the household level and to recognise its general determinants. The sample includes 280 households where mothers with school-going children are the respondents. Principal component analysis is applied to estimate a mother’s dynamic capacities and versatility level. The ordinary least-square regression model is developed to identify the factors that influence the mother’s dynamic capacities and versatility level. The outcome shows that the dynamic capacities and versatility of mothers shift fundamentally across families and in general, it is tolerably high. The further result shows that the higher the level of education and the higher the age at marriage the higher the mother’s capacity to taking decisions and move autonomously. Different elements that add to this are a place of residence, religion and housing conditions.