Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A joint model for longitudinal data profiles and associated event risks with application to a depression study

Summary. In many longitudinal studies, a subject's response profile is closely associated with his or her risk of experiencing a related event. Examples of such event risks include recurrence of disease, relapse, drop‐out and non‐compliance. When evaluating the effect of a treatment, it is sometimes of interest to consider the joint process consisting of both the response and the risk of an associated event. Motivated by a prevention of depression study among patients with malignant melanoma, we examine a joint model that incorporates the risk of discontinuation into the analysis of serial depression measures. We present a maximum likelihood estimator for the mean response and event risk vectors. We test hypotheses about functions of mean depression and withdrawal risk profiles from our joint model, predict depression from updated patient histories, characterize associations between components of the joint process and estimate the probability that a patient's depression and risk of withdrawal exceed specified levels. We illustrate the application of our joint model by using the depression data.
Heatlines for Visualization of Heat Transport for Natural Convection within Porous Trapezoidal Enclosures with Various Wall Heating

A detailed study on natural convection heat transfer within porous trapezoidal enclosures has been carried out for two different cases. The effect of linearly heated side walls on flow pattern is investigated in case 1; whereas, the effect of linearly heated left wall and cold right wall is studied in case 2. In both cases, the bottom wall of the cavity is uniformly heated and the upper wall is adiabatic. The results are analyzed for a wide range of parameters such as Rayleigh number, Ra(103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106), Prandtl number, Pr(0.015 ≤Pr ≤ 988.24), and Darcy number, Da(10−5 ≤ Da ≤ 10−3).
A robust and fast line segment detector based on top-down smaller eigenvalue analysis

In this paper, we propose a robust and fast line segment detector, which achieves accurate results with a controlled number of false detections and requires no parameter tuning. It consists of three steps: first, we propose a novel edge point chaining method to extract Canny edge segments (i.e., contiguous chains of Canny edge points) from the input image; second, we propose a top-down scheme based on smaller eigenvalue analysis to extract line segments within each obtained edge segment; third, we employ Desolneux et al.’s method to reject false detections. Experiments demonstrate that it is very efficient and more robust than two state of the art methods—LSD and EDLines.
Comparison of Ceilometer, Satellite, and Synoptic Measurements of Boundary-Layer Cloudiness and the ECMWF Diagnostic Cloud Parameterization Scheme during ASTEX

Abstract Cloud fraction is a widely used parameter for estimating the effects of boundary-layer cloud on radiative transfer. During the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX) during June 1992, ceilometer and satellite-based measurements of boundary-layer cloud fraction were made in the subtropical North Atlantic, a region typified by a 1–2 km deep marine boundary layer with cumulus clouds rising into a broken stratocumulus layer underneath an inversion. Both the diurnal cycle and day-to-day variations in low-cloud fraction are examined. It is shown that ECMWF low cloudiness analyses do not correlate with the observed variations in cloudiness and substantially underestimate the mean low cloudiness. In these analyses, the parameterization of low cloud fraction is primarily based on the inversion strength. A comparison of ECMWF analyses and ASTEX soundings (most of which were assimilated into the analyses) shows that the thermodynamic structure of the boundary layer and the inversion strength a.
MYB sustains hypoxic survival of pancreatic cancer cells by facilitating metabolic reprogramming

Extensive desmoplasia and poor vasculature renders pancreatic tumors severely hypoxic, contributing to their aggressiveness and therapy resistance. Here, we identify the HuR/MYB/HIF1α axis as a critical regulator of the metabolic plasticity and hypoxic survival of pancreatic cancer cells. HuR undergoes nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic translocation under hypoxia and stabilizes MYB transcripts, while MYB transcriptionally upregulates HIF1α. Upon MYB silencing, pancreatic cancer cells fail to survive and adapt metabolically under hypoxia, despite forced overexpression of HIF1α. MYB induces the transcription of several HIF1α‐regulated glycolytic genes by directly binding to their promoters, thus enhancing the recruitment of HIF1α to hypoxia‐responsive elements through its interaction with p300‐dependent histone acetylation. MYB‐depleted pancreatic cancer cells exhibit a dramatic reduction in tumorigenic ability, glucose‐uptake and metabolism in orthotopic mouse model, even after HIF1α restoration. Together, our findings reveal an essential role of MYB in metabolic reprogramming that supports pancreatic cancer cell survival under hypoxia.
Evaluation of a live-attenuated human parainfluenza virus type 2 vaccine in adults and children.

We conducted a phase I clinical trial of the live-attenuated recombinant human parainfluenza virus type 2 (HPIV2) vaccine candidate rHPIV2-15C/948L/∆1724 sequentially in adults, HPIV2-seropositive children, and HPIV2-seronegative children, the target population for vaccination. rHPIV2-15C/948L/∆1724 was appropriately restricted in replication in adults and HPIV2-seropositive children but was overattenuated for HPIV2-seronegative children.
Faraday's instability in viscous fluid

We find a quantitative approximation which explains the appearance and amplification of surface waves in a highly viscous fluid when it is subjected to vertical accelerations (Faraday's instability). Although stationary surface waves with frequency equal to half of the frequency of the excitation are observed in fluids of different kinematical viscosities we show here that the mechanism which produces the instability is very different for a highly viscous fluid as compared with a weakly viscous fluid. This is achieved by deriving an exact equation for the linear evolution of the surface which is non-local in time. We show that for a highly viscous fluid this equation becomes local and of second order and is then a Mathieu equation which is different from the one found for weak viscosity. Analysing the new equation we find an intimate relation with the Rayleigh–Taylor instability.
Triple Epstein Frame First-Level Weighted Processing Method for Determining the Effective Path Length of the Epstein Frame

Based on double Epstein frame measurement method, double Epstein frame measurement experiments are carried out for 30P120 silicon steel samples using two pairs of Epstein frames (namely 2E (25-20) and 2E (20-17.5)) magnetic measuring devices, to study factors affecting the mean path length of the Epstein frame. 3D simulation proves the preconditions of double Epstein frame method, that is equivalent magnetic flux density of corresponding corner positions. On this basis, a weighted processing method is proposed to determine the effective path length of standard 25cm Epstein frame and to compare with that of double Epstein frame method, which processes the mean path length determined by the different specific losses of the Epstein frame (i.e., the uniform areas, the corner areas and the impact zones between them of the whole Epstein frame). Not only the method excludes the effect of the magnetic characteristics inhomogeneity of samples in the corner double-lapped structure areas, but also considers the influence of the specific power losses in the different parts determining the mean path length. The obtained experimental results confirm the correctness of the method in this paper for determining the specific total loss of electrical steel sheet.
Magnetoresistance of Ferromagnetic Nanowires

Magnetoresistance of single Ni and Co nanowires, of about 60 nm in diameter and 6000 nm inlength, was measured at room temperature. The full magnetoresistive hysteresis loops of single Ninanowires, including the irreversible jump, are understood qualitatively, and major progress has beenmade towards their quantitative description, on the basis of anisotropic magnetoresistance. In contrast,the magnetoresistive hysteresis loops of single Co nanowires could not be described quantitatively, dueto the presence of nucleation processes of domain walls or vortices. [S0031-9007(99)09021-3]
Dynamic Analysis of a Variable Displacement Pump

The ability of a variable displacement pump to respond to a control signal is a critical factor in assessing the dynamic performance of the circuit in which the pump is located. The need for a comprehensive dynamic response model of the pump is necessary if new techniques for control are to be realized. This paper presents a mathematical model, based on fluid mechanics considerations, of a variable displacement pump modulated by a hydraulic control signal. Many of the coefficients in the model depend on the pump model. In this study, a Vickers No. PVB5 pump is used. The describing equations are complex, nonlinear, and comprehensive in the initial model. Some nonlinear terms are simplified using linear approximations without significantly affecting accuracy. The model is subjected to a simulated pressure control signal and the output of the swash plate rotary displacement compared to an experimentally generated displacement time trace. The model and the experimental results show a good correlation.
Prevalence of Etiological Factors in Adult Patients With Epilepsy in a Tertiary Care Hospital in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Epilepsy is a chronic neurologic condition with different risk factors and genetic predispositions. It is characterized by the occurrence of an epileptic seizure. To our knowledge, most studies have focused on revealing epilepsy prevalence in Saudi Arabia, but the etiological prevalence is still not well-studied in the region. Thus, this research aims to raise awareness and provide more insights into the etiological prevalence of this disorder. Methodology A cross-sectional study was performed among 431 adult patients diagnosed with epilepsy in the Neurology Department at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Patients’ data were retrospectively collected from electronic medical files covering the period between May 2016 and April 2021. Epilepsy etiologies were classified as suggested by the International League Against Epilepsy 2017. Results The most commonly identified seizures were generalized (25.3%) and focal (8.9%). However, 66.1% of seizure types were unidentifiable. The most common etiology was structural (42.9%), followed by genetic (7.2%), with strokes (24.3%) and tumors (23.8%) being the most prevalent structural etiologies. However, 47.6% of the patients were classified under unknown etiology. Conclusions This study suggested that epilepsy diagnosed as generalized was by far the most common seizure type in our cohort. Structural etiology was evident in most patients, with stroke being the highest presented etiology.
Spiral Patterns and Shocks in Low-compressibility Accretion Disks around Collapsed Objects: Two-dimensional SPH Modeling

In recent years contrasting results have been found regarding the onset of spiral structures and shock fronts in accretion disks around compact objects. Indeed, according to some authors, spiral structures and shock fronts do not develop if an adiabatic index γ > 1.16 is adopted. On the contrary, other authors obtain well-developed spiral patterns and shocks adopting γ = 1.2. In this paper, by using a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code, we show that clear spiral patterns and strong radial shocks come out even in very low compressibility (γ = 1.3 > 1.16) accretion disk models in close binaries if the primary is a massive black hole (MBH) with a mass 30-60 times larger than the secondary, whatever the geometrical and dynamical conditions at the inner Lagrangian point, L1, may be, independent of sonic or subsonic injection flow boundary conditions. Indeed, the rationale of this work is that in close binary systems in which the primary is a MBH and the secondary is a low-mass star, we have enough initial energy and angular momentum at the inner Lagrangian point, L1, and a wide and deep enough primary potential well to favor the development of well-defined spiral structures, and eventually spiral shocks, independent of the gas compressibility. According to our results the presence of a MBH triggers the development of spiral structures and spiral shock fronts in the accretion disk both at its outer edge and in the disk bulk, because of the high particle concentration and the strong collisions induced by the strongly accelerated stream particles with the high initial angular momentum at L1.
Racial underrepresentation in dermatological datasets leads to biased machine learning models and inequitable healthcare

Objective: Clinical applications of machine learning are promising as a tool to improve patient outcomes through assisting diagnoses, treatment, and analyzing risk factors for screening. Possible clinical applications are especially prominent in dermatology as many diseases and conditions present visually. This allows a machine learning model to analyze and diagnose conditions using patient images and data from electronic health records (EHRs) after training on clinical datasets but could also introduce bias. Despite promising applications, artificial intelligence has the capacity to exacerbate existing demographic disparities in healthcare if models are trained on biased datasets. Methods: Through systematic literature review of available literature, we highlight the extent of bias present in clinical datasets as well as the implications it could have on healthcare if not addressed. Results: We find the implications are worsened in dermatological models. Despite the severity and complexity of melanoma and other dermatological diseases as well as differing disease presentations based on skin-color, many imaging datasets underrepresent certain demographic groups causing machine learning models to train on images of primarily fair-skinned individuals leaving minorities behind. Conclusion: In order to address this disparity, research first needs to be done investigating the extent of the bias present and the implications it may have on equitable healthcare.
IMMUNOLOGY AT THE

◥ Cancer is largely a disease of the tumor cell genome. As a result, the majority of genetics research in oncology has concentrated on the role of tumor somatic mutations, as well as inherited risk variants, in disease susceptibility and response to targeted treat-ments. The advent and success of cancer immunotherapies, however, have opened new perspectives for the investigation of the role of inherited genetic variation in codetermining outcome and safety. Itisincreasinglylikelythattheentiretyofgermline geneticvariation involved in regulating immune responses accounts for a signi ﬁ cant fraction of the observed variability in responses to cancer immunotherapies. Although germline genetic data from patients treated with cancer immunotherapies are still scarce, this line of research bene ﬁ ts from a vast body of knowledge derived from studies into autoimmune and infectious disease phenotypes, thus not requiring a start from a blank slate. Here, we discuss how a thorough investigation of genomic variation relevant for individuals ’ variability in (auto)immune responses can contribute to the discovery of novel treatment approaches and drug targets, and yield predictive biomarkers to stratify cancer patient populations in precision and personalized medicine settings.
Visibility of the growth direction of an alpha-particle track in a diffusion cloud chamber

The growth direction of an alpha-particle track in a diffusion cloud chamber can be observed with the naked eye. Unlike the track of a beta-particle, an alpha-particle track appears first at the beginning of its path and proceeds to the end of the path. However, the alpha-particle covers the path in less than 10 ns, which is inconsistent with the visibility of the track-growth direction. This inconsistency was attributed to the following reasons: the number of ion pairs per unit length in the path is very large compared with that of a beta particle, the ion density near the end of the path is larger than that near the beginning, and alcohol droplets have to grow to a diameter of about 3 μm for being able to be seen. The alcohol molecules have to diffuse from a distant place to the region where the ions are created by the alpha-particle and the diffusion time near the end of the path is longer than that near the beginning of the path. This phenomenon was examined by diffusion theory.
MCT-21-0934 859..870

Radiotherapy and chemical DNA-damaging agents are among the most widely used classes of cancer therapeutics today. Doublestrand breaks (DSB) induced by many of these treatments are lethal to cancer cells if left unrepaired. Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase plays a key role in the DNA damage response by drivingDSB repair and cell-cycle checkpoints to protect cancer cells. Inhibitors of ATM catalytic activity have been shown to suppress DSB DNA repair, block checkpoint controls and enhance the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy and other DSB-inducing modalities. Here, we describe the pharmacological activities of two highly potent and selective ATM inhibitors from a new chemical class, M3541 and M4076. In biochemical assays, they inhibited ATM kinase activity with a sub-nanomolar potency and showed remarkable selectivity against other protein kinases. In cancer cells, the ATM inhibitors suppressed DSB repair, clonogenic cancer cell growth, and potentiated antitumor activity of ionizing radiation in cancer cell lines. Oral administration of M3541 and M4076 to immunodeficient mice bearing human tumor xenografts with a clinically relevant radiotherapy regimen strongly enhanced the antitumor activity, leading to complete tumor regressions. The efficacy correlated with the inhibition of ATM activity and modulation of its downstream targets in the xenograft tissues. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated strong combination potential with PARP and topoisomerase I inhibitors. M4076 is currently under clinical investigation.
Kinetics of bundle growth in DNA condensation

Counterion-mediated attractions between like-charged rods lead to macroscopic phase separation at equilibrium, but here we show that the unique kinetics of domain (bundle) growth in this system prevent it from reaching equilibrium. We find an energy barrier to bundle growth that increases linearly with the bundle diameter, which should lead to metastable bundles of a fairly well-defined size.
Discrete Resistance Switching in Submicrometer Silicon Inversion Layers: Individual Interface Traps and Low-Frequency ( 1 f ?) Noise

Resistance fluctations in submicrometer narrow Si inversion layers are studied over a wide range of temperatures and electron concentrations. Thermally activated switching on and off of discrete resistance increments is observed, caused by the capture and emission of individual electrons at strategically located scatterers (interface traps). The traps have a broad distribution of activation energies, as assumed in accounting for $\frac{1}{f}$ noise in larger devices.
Quantitative absorption and fluorescence studies of NO between 1060 And 2000 a

Synchrotron radiation in the 1060 to 2000 A region was used to measure the average absorption and fluorescence cross sections of NO and to determine approximate photodissociation quantum yields. Several vibrational levels of the D(2) sigma(+), E(2) sigma(+), and B(2) delta states have high fluorescence quantum yields. The C(2) and B(2) states do not fluoresce when the excitation energies are above the first dissociation limit, in accord with previous experiments. In general, the fluorescence yields decrease with increasing photon energy. The quantitative measurements are compared with spectroscopic observations and are found to be reasonably consistent.
Individual Differences in Verbal Irony Use: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Psycholinguistic Studies

ABSTRACT We carried out a systematic review of psycholinguistic, empirical, quantitative studies on verbal irony use and individual differences (i.e. psychological, not demographic, traits that significantly differentiate individuals). Out of 5,967 publications screened, 29, comprising 35 studies in total, were included. Following a qualitative content analysis, six thematic clusters were identified, representing areas of research in individual differences in irony use: (a) psychological well-being, (b) personality traits, (c) humor-related traits, (d) cultural factors, (e) social skills, and (f) cognitive factors. The results of the studies in each cluster are summarized and conclusions for further research are presented. In particular, the systematic review suggests that irony and sarcasm should be clearly delineated as separate, yet related phenomena due to differing patterns of correlations with specific individual differences. Additionally, significant methodological heterogeneity between the studies suggests the need for greater standardization of irony use measures.
Competition co-immunoprecipitation reveals interactors of the chloroplast CPN60 chaperonin machinery

The functionality of essential metabolic processes in chloroplasts depends on a balanced integration of nuclear-and chloroplast-encoded polypeptides into the plastid’s proteome. The chloroplast chaperonin machinery is an essential player in chloroplast protein folding with a more intricate structure and subunit composition compared to the orthologous GroEL/ES chaperonin of Escherichia coli. However, its exact role in chloroplasts remains obscure, mainly because of a very limited knowledge about the folded substrates. We employed the competition immunoprecipitation method for the identification of the chaperonin’s substrates in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Co-immunoprecipitation of the target complex in the presence of increasing amounts of isotope-labelled competitor epitope and subsequent mass spectrometry analysis specifically allowed to distinguish true interactors from unspecifically co-precipitated proteins. Besides known substrates such as RbcL, we revealed numerous new substrates with high confidence. Identified substrate proteins differ from bulk chloroplast proteins by a higher content of beta-sheets, lower alpha-helical content and increased aggregation propensity. Immunoprecipitations performed with a subunit of the co-chaperonin lid revealed the ClpP protease as a specific partner complex, with altered interactions during heat stress, pointing to a close collaboration of these machineries to maintain protein homeostasis in the chloroplast.