Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Construct 3D models of scene on true orthoimage

The work mode of digital photogrammetry technology is shifting from standalone to systems integration,it is easy to acquire and process the spatial data now.To build 3D city model rapidly,a fast,efficient way to extract building's border is needed.A new method,using DSM and True Orthoimage to construct terrain and building model,is proposed.The first step is to extract the building boundary line from True Orthoimage,and then triangulate the building polygon.Taking the terrain model as a polygon with many holes,the paper triangulates this terrain polygon with Delaunay algorithm.By getting the height of buildings from the DSM and DEM data sets,the 3D building model can be constructed.After texture mapping,the whole modeling scene is treated with True Orthoimage texture.As a new method,it achieves good results and has been applied in practice.
Examining Neural Connectivity in Schizophrenia Using Task-Based EEG: A Graph Theory Approach

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex disorder characterized by a range of symptoms and behaviors that have significant consequences for individuals, families, and society in general. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a valuable tool for understanding the neural dynamics and functional abnormalities associated with schizophrenia. Research studies utilizing EEG have identified specific patterns of brain activity in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia that may reflect disturbances in neural synchronization and information processing in cortical circuits. Considering the temporal dynamics of functional connectivity provides a more comprehensive understanding of brain networks’ organization and how they change during different cognitive states. This temporal perspective would enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of schizophrenia. In the present study, we will use measures based on graph theory to obtain dynamic and static indicators in order to evaluate differences in the functional connectivity of individuals diagnosed with SZ and healthy controls using an ecologically valid task. At the static level, patients showed alterations in their ability to segregate information, particularly in the default mode network (DMN). As for dynamic measures, patients showed reduced values in most metrics (segregation, integration, centrality, and resilience), reflecting a reduced number of dynamic states of brain networks. Our results show the utility of combining static and dynamic indicators of functional connectivity from EEG sensors.
Ethnobotanical Documentation of the Uses of Wild and Cultivated Plants in the Ansanto Valley (Avellino Province, Southern Italy)

With approximately 2800 species, the Campania region has the richest vascular flora in southern Italy and the highest number of medicinal species reported in the Italian folk traditions. The study area is inserted in a wide rural landscape, still retaining a high degree of naturalness and is studied for the first time from an ethnobotanical point of view. By analyzing local traditional uses of wild plants in the Ansanto Valley area, the present study aims to contribute to the implementation of ethnobotanical knowledge concerning southern Italy. To gather ethnobotanical knowledge related to the Ansanto Valley, 69 semi-structured interviews were carried out through a snowball sampling approach, starting from locals with experience in traditional plant uses (key informants). A number of 117 plant species (96 genera and 46 families) were documented for traditional use from a total of 928 reports, of which 544 were about medicinal plants. New use reports on the utilization of plants for medicinal (5) and veterinary applications (8) in the Campania region and the whole Italian territory were outlined from our investigations. Sedum cepaea is reported as a medicinal plant for the first time in Italy and in the whole Mediterranean basin.
MIT Open Access Articles Stable Surfaces That Bind Too Tightly: Can Range-Separated Hybrids or DFT+U Improve Paradoxical Descriptions of Surface Chemistry?

: Approximate, semilocal density functional theory (DFT) su ﬀ ers from delocalization error that can lead to a paradoxical model of catalytic surfaces that both overbind adsorbates yet are also too stable. We investigate the e ﬀ ect of two widely applied approaches for delocalization error correction, (i) a ﬀ ordable DFT+U (i.e., semilocal DFT augmented with a Hubbard U) and (ii) hybrid functionals with an admixture of Hartree − Fock (HF) exchange, on surface and adsorbate energies across a range of rutile transition metal oxides widely studied for their promise as water-splitting catalysts. We observe strongly row-and period-dependent trends with DFT+U, which increases surface formation energies only in early transition metals (e.g., Ti and V) and decreases adsorbate energies only in later transition metals (e.g., Ir and Pt). Both global and local hybrids destabilize surfaces and reduce adsorbate binding across the periodic table, in agreement with higher-level reference calculations. Density analysis reveals why hybrid functionals correct both quantities, whereas DFT+U does not. We recommend local, range-separated hybrids for the accurate modeling of catalysis in transition metal oxides at only a modest increase in computational cost over semilocal DFT.
SOCIO-CULTURAL DYNAMICS OF THE MEDIA AND STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

It is pertinent to note that in the 21st century where corruption and bad leadership have accentuated heinous concern, bigotry and acrimony for social, political and Economic developments are incidental with high influx of crises, ineffective planning and lack of vision for sustainable national development. Thus, the restructuring of the mass media and necessary application of strategic communication are required, mainly as most nations desire democratic stability and economic growth that cut-across all aspects of transformational developments all over the world. The concern of this paper is to identify areas of information needs of the government and stakeholders in order to enhance social freedom, economic growth, political stability and physical developments in Nigeria. Thus, the adoption and application of strategically effective channels and appropriate methods of communication messages shaped by the mass media in line with development communication principles will be immeasurable in order to promote investment opportunities in a socially and politically democratic country such as Nigeria.
TRACE ELEMENTS AND THE ANTHROPIC INFLUENCE ON THEIR DISTRIBUTION IN SOILS FROM APPLE ORCHARDS, FĂLTICENI AND SÂRCA FRUIT-GROWING AREAS (ROMANIA)

For this study, the total contents of some trace-elements (As, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) from the soils of two apple orchards located in the fruit-growing areas of Fălticeni (Suceava County) and Sârca (Iasi County), NE Romania were analysed. The average contents for the two orchard parcels, Fălticeni and Sârca are 18.90 - 23.71 mg/kg Co, 80.92 - 72.91 mg/kg Cr, 58.32 - 40.44 mg/kg Cu, 3.02 - 3.59 % Fe, 903.88 - 887.15 mg/kg Mn, 39.43 - 50.18 mg/kg Ni, 21.24 - 23.28 mg/kg Pb, 73.71 - 84.76 mg/kg Zn and 11.06 - 12.06 mg/kg As. Linear correlations exist between Fe and Mn and the other analysed trace elements. The correlations between Fe, Mn, Co, Ni and As for the soils of the two orchards are similar. Beside this, for the soils in the Fălticeni orchard, positive correlations with Pb and Zn have been identified. As a result of calculating the geochemical background for the 9 elements values exceeding normal threshold given by Romanian Environmental Legislation (OG 756/1997) were recorded for As, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn and Ni. Measurements of pH and %CaCO3 were made and for the Fălticeni orchard the pH suggests that calcareous amendments have to be applied in order to control the soil reaction.
ANALIZA ZMIENNOåCI CZASOWEJ ROZK£ADU TEMPERATURY POWIETRZA W POLSCE Z ZASTOSOWANIEM METOD GIS AN ANALYSIS OF TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF AIR TEMPERATURE IN POLAND WITH THE USE OF GIS

Temperatura powietrza bêd1ca przewodnim i tzw. ci1g3ym elementem klimatu jest najlepiej rozpoznan1 charakterystyk1 klimatu i dlatego stanowi dobr1 podstawê do prac badawczych maj1cych na celu wypracowanie nowych metod oceny jej zmiennoci tak przestrzennej jak i czasowej. O ile zarówno w literaturze polskiej jak i zagranicznej istnieje wiele przyk3adów map prezentuj1cych przestrzenne zró¿nicowanie rozpatrywanego elementu, w ostatnich latach w znakomitej wiêkszoci z wykorzystaniem narzêdzi Systemów Informacji Geograficznej (GIS), to wci1¿ brak opracowañ powiêconych jej czasowej zmiennoci w przestrzeni (np. Auer i in., 2000; Tveito i in., 2000; Dobesch, Tveito, Bessemoulin, 2001; Klimaatlas., 2001; Brown, Comrie, 2002; Chapman, Thornes, 2003; Jezioro, 2003; Quiel, Sobik, Rosiñski, 2003; Ustrnul, Czekierda, 2003). W niniejszej pracy podjêto próbê takiej analizy wykorzystuj1c redni1 roczn1 i rednie miesiêczne temperatury powietrza z obszaru Polski. Reasumuj1c, celem artyku3u jest przedstawienie cech zmiennoci temperatury powietrza w Polsce w okresie 1951-2003 oraz prezentacja metod czasowej analizy z wykorzystaniem narzêdzi GIS. Zagadnienie zmiennoci czasowej temperatury, jak i ca3ego klimatu nale¿y do najwa¿niejszych we wspó3czesnej klimatologii. Jednak, mimo istnienia wielu zarówno prostych metod jak i bardziej zaawansowanych technik (np. analiza fourierowska, analiza falkowa) brak dobrych i sprawdzonych metod, które u3atwi3yby detekcjê zmian i zmiennoci klimatu. Dlatego te¿ zastosowanie do tego celu narzêdzi GIS mo¿e byæ bardzo przydatne zarówno z merytorycznego, jak i technicznego punktu widzenia. U¿ycie narzêdzi GIS nie jest jednak w
Flow events on a hyper-arid alluvial fan: Quebrada Tambores, Salar de Atacama, northern Chile

Abstract The Tambores alluvial fan is located within the hyper-arid Atacama Desert of northern Chile. We examine evidence of the range of flow processes operative in this environment from a combination of Pleistocene-Holocene fan deposits and a recent (2001) flood event (16 m3 s−1) in the fan feeder channel and upper alluvial-fan area. The field evidence suggests that peak flows recorded in the older deposits generated extensive sheetflood events dominated by antidune deposition in the upper fan area. These extreme, supercritical flows were generated by floods with sustained high sediment and water discharges and high stream power. Easily erodable alluvial source materials ensured high sediment discharge could be maintained within flood events. High stream power was ensured as a function of the tectonically exacerbated gradients within the source area. The 2001 event indicates the rapid rheological changes that can occur within an individual flood event, ranging from hyperconcentrated streamflow to mudflow. The flow deposits vary little in maximum clast size either between the varying flood events in the upper fan area, or down the fan gradient. This is due to a limited calibre of sediment being produced from the source area. The study highlights: (1) the range of flow rheologies that can be generated from a hyper-arid catchment both within and between flood events of varying magnitude and the associated difficulties in generating a reliable stratigraphy from the resultant deposits; (2) the high stream power and sediment discharge associated with major flood events and thus the nature of flood hazard in the catchment and on the fan; and (3) the limitations of sedimentological information such as maximum clast size as an indicator of peak flow characteristics in ancient deposits.
Effects of internet addiction and academic satisfaction on mental health among college students after the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions in China

Background Internet addiction (IA) among students, worsened by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has become a social problem with the digitalization of school learning and many aspects of daily life. However, few studies on IA have been conducted among students after the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions in China. Method This large-sample, cross-sectional, online survey was conducted to explore the characteristics of IA and the association among IA, academic satisfaction, and mental health problems from December 14, 2022 to February 28, 2023 in Sichuan, China. All participants (N = 22,605) were students in colleges and universities, recruited via their teachers and professors. Results Of all the participants, 14,921 (66.0%) participants had IA. Participants with IA were more likely to have depression symptom, anxiety symptom, insomnia, and lifetime suicidal ideation. In addition, participants with severe IA had significantly higher rates of mental health problems (e.g., depression, anxiety, insomnia, and suicidal ideation) than those with mild IA. A significant IA-by-academic satisfactory-interaction on mental health was identified: participants with higher level of IA showed particularly severe symptom of depression, anxiety and insomnia when affected by low satisfactory of academy (p < 0.001). Conclusion This study reveals that IA has a significantly negative impact on mental health among college students after the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions in China. IA and academic satisfaction have interactive impacts on mental health problems among students. Further educational and health policies and psychosocial interventions should be developed to reduce IA and enhance academic satisfaction for improving students’ mental health.
Flight and dispersal of the Mosquito Culex tarsalis Coquillett in the Sacramento Valley of California

The flight habits of the mosquito Culex tarsalis, a vector of viral encephalitis, were studied in the rice-growing area of Yolo County in the lower Sacramento Valley from 1959 through 1963. Females were captured in dry ice traps every night the traps were set and in all types of terrain. Apparently there are no real barriers to mosquito dispersal in the valley and the surrounding foothills. The major flight of this mosquito occurs within two hours after sunset and most of the females appear to fly within 50 feet of the ground. When they emerge from their daytime resting places they tend to head into the wind, and at low wind velocities they disperse in all directions. Winds of 3 or 4 miles per hour catch the mosquitoes sooner or later and carry them downwind. Winds of 6 mph and more are apt to inhibit flight. We calculated actual flying speed over a short distance at 4.75 mph. We have observed this mosquito in flight at temperatures between 55° and 92° F, but usually its activity is reduced below 65° and increased between 65° and 75°. Flight activity is governed by light intensity in relation to temperature and is affected also by wind and other factors. We marked and released approximately 253,000 females of this species and recaptured 585 of them (0.23 per cent). In these experiments we recorded natural dispersal as far as 5 miles downwind on the night of release and 15.75 miles downwind two nights later. As the chances against recapturing any particular specimen are enormous and increase with distance, it seems certain that this mosquito spreads beyond any of the recovery sites. Probably it travels 8 or 10 miles in two evenings, and we believe that it can spread in one generation, with the prevailing SSE winds, at least 20 or 25 miles from its breeding areas.
Marked skewing of entire T-cell memory compartment occurs only in a minority of CMV-infected individuals and is unrelated to the degree of memory subset skewing among CMV-specific T-cells

Background Chronic CMV infection drives the clonal expansion and accumulation of terminally differentiated, dysfunctional CMV-specific T-cells. CMV infection also appears to accelerate the differentiation of non-CMV-specific T-cells; however, the extent of this phenomenon is unclear. Methods The distribution of CD4 and CD8 T-cells into four memory subsets determined by CD45RA and CCR7 expression was analyzed in 96 CMV-infected (CMV+) and 81 CMV-uninfected (CMV-) older individuals. In CMV+ individuals, the distribution of IFN-γ producing CMV-specific T-cells into the same subsets was analyzed following stimulation with 16 different CMV antigens using flowcytometry (intracellular cytokine staining). We used previously published results to extrapolate the relative size of the entire CMV-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell response from the summated response to selected antigens. The T-cell memory subset distribution across all CMV antigen-induced responses (weighted mean) was then used to calculate memory subset proportions (in % of CD4 or CD8 T-cells) of CMV-specific and non-CMV-specific T-cells. These were compared to the corresponding proportions in CMV- individuals. Results Only a minority (20%–30%) of CMV+ individuals displayed overall proportions of terminally differentiated T-cell memory subsets above an upper outlier boundary defined in CMV- individuals. The calculated proportions of these subsets among non-CMV-specific T-cells in CMV+ individuals also exceeded the corresponding proportions in CMV- people, suggesting that their differentiation could be CMV-driven. In CMV+ people showing overall subset distributions within the outlier limits, the memory subset distributions of non-CMV-specific T-cells were more like those in CMV- people. Logistic regression revealed that CMV infection, age, and sex all had significant effects on one or more of the non-CMV-specific CD4 or CD8 T-cell memory subsets in CMV+ individuals, with CMV infection showing the strongest effect overall. Surprisingly, except for the CD45RA-/CCR7- CD4 T-cell subset, we only found weak correlations between corresponding memory subset proportions among all T-cells and CMV-specific T-cells. Conclusion Our analysis supports an effect of CMV infection on non-CMV-specific T-cells; however, it is limited to a minority of individuals and not closely related to the degree of memory subset differentiation of CMV-specific T-cells. We propose that unknown predisposing factors might determine to what extent CMV infection affects non-CMV-specific T-cell differentiation.
Ps-splitting analysis for multilayered anisotropic media by azimuthal stacking and layer stripping

We present a robust technique for the analysis of shear wave splitting in layered anisotropic media by using converted shear phases. In (weakly) anisotropic media, the P -to- S converted phases ( Ps ) exhibit a distinct variation in arrival time (cosine moveout) as function of backazimuth. This variation can be exploited by time-shifting and stacking radial receiver functions to constrain a range of possible splitting parameters (i.e. the fast-polarization direction and the delay time) for an anisotropic layer. Then, the minimization of the transverse-component energy is used to select the pair of splitting parameters that best describes the anisotropic properties of the layer. This two-step approach stabilizes the inversion process and signiﬁcantly reduces the time for computing the best splitting parameters. In multilayered anisotropic media, the distinct cosine moveout of the radial component is also observed for Ps phases from deeper discontinuities. The direct application of the method leads to apparent (or effective) splitting parameters for all anisotropic layers above the converting interface. Explicit expressions for the apparent splitting parameters are derived. The splitting parameters for the individual layers can be inferred by a layer-stripping approach, where the splitting effect due to shallower layers on converted phases from deeper discontinuities is successively corrected. In comparison to the approach by Liu & Niu (2012), the method represents a computationally efﬁcient extension to multiple anisotropic layers. We further investigate the inﬂuences of noise, gaps in the azimuthal distribution of events, and interface dip on the splitting analysis. As an example, we apply the method to data from two stations of the Iranian National Seismic Network. At station GHIR the observed azimuthal variations of the Ps phase yield splitting parameters δ t = 0.26 s and ϕ f = 48 ◦ for a 48-km-thick crust. At station SHGR anisotropic effects on the Ps phases can be accounted for by two anisotropic crustal layers with a total thickness of 44 km. For the upper 22-km-thick layer we obtain a delay time δ t 1 = 0.25 s and a fast axis ϕ 1 = 35 ◦ . Values for the lower layer are δ t 2 = 0.19 s and ϕ 2 = − 88 ◦ . The delay times correspond to anisotropies of about 4 and 3 per cent in the upper and lower layer, respectively. The method also provides a robust tool to separate the anisotropic properties of the crust and mantle and, thus, to isolate the anisotropic signature of mantle-deformation processes.
Processes Controlling the Chemistry of Two Snowmelt‐Dominated Streams in the Rocky Mountains

Time-intensive discharge and chemical data for two alpine streams in the Loch Vale watershed, Colorado, were used to identify sources of runoff, flow paths, and important biogeochemical processes during the 1992 snowmelt runoff season. In spite of the paucity of soil cover the chemical composition of the streams is regulated much as in typical forested watersheds. Soils and other shallow groundwater matrices such as boulder fields appear to be more important in controlling surface-water chemistry than their abundance would indicate. The chemical composition of the major source waters (usually thought of as end-members whose chemical composition is relatively constant over time) changes at the same time that their mixing ratio in streams changes, confounding use of end-member mixing models to describe stream-water chemistry. Changes in the chemical composition of these source waters are caused by the ionic pulse of solutes from the snowpack and the small size of the shallow groundwater reservoir compared to the volume of snowmelt passing through it. The brief hydrologic residence time in the shallow groundwater indicates that concentrations of most dissolved constituents of stream water were controlled by fast geochemical processes that occurred on timescales of hours to days, rather than slower processes such as weathering of primary minerals. Differences in the timing of snowmelt-related processes between different areas of the watershed also affect the stream-water chemical composition. Cirque lakes affect discharge and chemical composition of one of the streams; seasonal control on stream-water NO3 and SiO2 concentrations by diatom uptake in the lakes was inferred. Elution of acidic waters from the snowpack, along with dilution of base cations originating in shallow groundwater, caused episodes of decreased acid-neutralizing capacity in the streams, but the streams did not become acidic.