Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotion dysregulation and social communication problems but not ToM properties may predict obsessive-compulsive disorder symptom severity

Abstract Objective Studies have shown that theory of mind, emotion regulation and pragmatic abilities are negatively affected in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We aimed to investigate theory of mind (ToM) abilities, social responsiveness, pragmatic language, and emotion regulation skills in children with OCD and to compare them to healthy controls. Methods This study was designed as a single-center, cross-sectional, case-control study. ToM abilities were evaluated via “Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test” (RMET), “Faces Test”, “Faux-Pas Test”, “Comprehension Test” and “Unexpected Outcomes Test”. Social responsiveness, pragmatic language and emotion regulation were evaluated by Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Children’s Communication Checklist- Second Edition (CCC-2), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS). Within the study period, we enrolled 85 adolescents (42 with OCD and 43 controls). Results The OCD group performed significantly lower than healthy controls in the Faux Pass and Comprehension tests (p = 0.003 for both). We found a statistically significant difference between groups in terms of the goal, strategy, non-acceptance subscales of the DERS (p < 0.001, p = 0.006, p = 0.008, respectively) as well as the total DERS score (p < 0.001). CY-BOCS total scores correlated significantly and negatively with Comprehension, Faux Pas and Unexpected Outcomes tests, and positively with CCC total, SRS total and DERS total scores. In regression analysis the DERS, SRS and CCC tests emerged as significant predictors of CY-BOCS total score. Conclusion Addressing ToM, pragmatic, and ER difficulties when planning the treatment of young people with OCD may contribute to positive outcomes.
Focused Shear Wave Beam Propagation in Tissue-Mimicking Phantoms

Objective: Ultrasound transient elastography (TE) technologies for liver stiffness measurement (LSM) utilize vibration of small, flat pistons, which generate shear waves that lack directivity. The most common cause for LSM failure in practice is insufficient shear wave signal at the needed depths. We propose to increase shear wave amplitude by focusing the waves into a directional beam. Here, we demonstrate the generation and propagation of focused shear wave beams (fSWBs) in gelatin. Methods: Directional fSWBs are generated by vibration at 200–400 Hz of a concave piston embedded near the surface of gelatin phantoms and measured with high-frame-rate ultrasound imaging. Five phantoms with a range of stiffnesses are employed. Shear wave speeds assessed by fSWBs are compared with those by radiation-force-based methods (2D SWE). fSWB amplitudes are compared to predictions using an analytical model. Results: fSWB-derived shear wave speeds are in good agreement with 2D SWE. The amplitudes of fSWBs are localized to the LSM region and are significantly greater than unfocused shear waves. Overall agreement with theory is observed, with some discrepancies in the theoretical source condition. Conclusion: Focusing shear waves can increase the signal in the LSM region for TE. Challenges for translation include coupling piston vibration with the patient skin and increased attenuation in vivo compared to the phantoms employed here. Significance: Fibrosis is the most predictive measure of patient outcome in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Increased shear wave amplitude in the LSM region can reduce fibrosis assessment failure rates by TE, thus reducing the need for invasive methods like biopsy.
The generalized Dice similarity measures for Pythagorean fuzzy multiple attribute group decision making

The Pythagorean fuzzy set (PFS) is characterized by two functions expressing the degree of membership and the degree of nonmembership, which square sum of them is equal or less than 1. It was proposed as a generalization of a fuzzy set to deal with indeterminate and inconsistent information. In this study, we shall present some novel Dice similarity measures of PFSs and the generalized Dice similarity measures of PFSs and indicates that the Dice similarity measures and asymmetric measures (projection measures) are the special cases of the generalized Dice similarity measures in some parameter values. Then, we propose the generalized Dice similarity measures‐based multiple attribute group decision‐making models with Pythagorean fuzzy information. Then, we apply the generalized Dice similarity measures between PFSs to multiple attribute group decision making. Finally, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the efficiency of the similarity measures for selecting the desirable ERP system.
Amphetamines Improve the Motivation to Invest Effort in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Prevailing frameworks propose that a key feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is lower motivation. An important component of motivation is the willingness to engage in cognitively or physically effortful behavior. However, the degree to which effort sensitivity is impaired in ADHD has rarely been tested, and the efficacy of stimulant medication in ameliorating any such impairments is unclear. Here, we tested 20 individuals with ADHD (11 males, 9 females) who were managed with amphetamine-based medication (dexamfetamine, lisdexamfetamine), and 24 controls (8 males, 16 females). Individuals with ADHD were tested over two counterbalanced sessions, ON and OFF their usual amphetamine-based medication. In each session, participants performed an effort-based decision-making task, in which they were required to choose how much cognitive or physical effort they were willing to engage in return for reward. Our results revealed three main findings. First, individuals with ADHD had lower motivation relative to controls to invest effort in both the cognitive and physical domains. Second, amphetamine increased motivation uniformly across both domains. Finally, the net effect of amphetamine treatment was to mostly restore motivation across both domains of effort relative to healthy controls. These data provide clear evidence for a heightened sensitivity to both cognitive and physical effort in ADHD, and reveal the efficacy of amphetamine-based drugs in restoring effort sensitivity to levels similar to controls. These findings confirm the existence of reduced motivational drive in ADHD, and more broadly provide direct causal evidence for a domain-general role of catecholamines in motivating effortful behavior. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A core feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is thought to be a heightened aversion to effort. Surprisingly, however, the degree to which effort sensitivity is impaired in ADHD has rarely been tested. More broadly, the relative efficacy of catecholamines in motivating the investment of cognitive and physical effort is unclear. We tested 20 individuals with ADHD ON and OFF amphetamines, and compared their behavior on an effort-based decision-making task to 24 controls. When tested OFF medication, the ADHD group was less cognitively and physically motivated than controls. However, amphetamines led to a comparable increase in motivation across both domains. This demonstrates the efficacy of catecholamines in facilitating domain-general effort, and highlights the broader potential of such drugs to treat disorders of motivation.
Development and Replication of Objective Measurements of Social Visual Engagement to Aid in Early Diagnosis and Assessment of Autism

Key Points Question Can objective measurements of social visual engagement be developed and replicated to aid in early diagnosis and assessment of autism before age 3 years? Findings In 2 prospective double-blind studies of diagnostic performance in 1089 children aged 16 to 30 months, 719 in discovery and 370 in replication, eye-tracking–based measurements of social visual engagement relative to expert clinical diagnosis had area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90, sensitivity of 81.9%, and specificity of 89.9% in discovery; and area under the curve of 0.89, sensitivity of 80.6%, and specificity of 82.3% in replication. Meaning These results offer the prospect of an objective biomarker to aid in autism diagnosis and assessment.
Are HPV‐negative lesions concerned for the introduction of primary HPV testing for cervical cancer screening in Japan?

In Japan, primary human papilloma virus (HPV) testing has not been introduced for cervical cancer screening due to concerns that HPV‐negative lesions may be missed and a lack of Japanese data. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of primary HPV testing in Japan by analyzing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 (CIN2) or more/high‐risk HPV− (CIN2+/hrHPV−) cases in cervical cancer screening.
Environmental effects of growing short-rotation woody crops on former agricultural lands

Field-scale studies in the Southeast have been addressing the environmental effects of converting agricultural lands to biomass crop production since 1994. Erosion, surface water quality and quantity and subsurface movement of water and nutrients from woody crops, switchgrass and agricultural crops are being compared. Nutrient cycling, soil physical changes and crop productivity are also being monitored at the three sites. Maximum sediment losses occurred in the spring and fall. Losses were greater from sweetgum planted without a cover crop than with a cover crop. Nutrient losses of N and P in runoff and subsurface water occurred primarily after spring fertilizer application.
Emerging oral drug options for ulcerative colitis

ABSTRACT Introduction Despite the availability of a variety of therapeutic compounds and improved management strategies, one-third of UC patients with moderate-to-severe disease do not benefit from the existing treatments or experience drug-related side effects. This has boosted intensive research focusing on the development of new drugs for UC therapy. This article aims to summarize the available evidence on oral drugs, which are now being explored in clinical trials or are ready to enter the clinics. Areas covered From May 15 to June 11, we searched on PubMed using the keywords ‘oral drugs ulcerative colitis,’ ‘ulcerative colitis clinical trials,’ ‘UC phase 2 and 3 trials’ excluding case reports, case series, phase 1 and 4 studies, and studies about approved therapies. Expert opinion The findings discussed in this article suggest that the future treatment of UC patients will be probably characterized by the possibility of using various small-molecule drugs. All these new compounds, even those belonging to the same class, differ in terms of efficacy and safety. Identification of predictors of response could help optimize the efficacy and safety of these treatments, thus improving resource allocation through a pretreatment stratification of patients.
Upregulation of SOX9 promotes the self‐renewal and tumorigenicity of cervical cancer through activating the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway

Sry‐box9 (SOX9) maintains stem cell properties and plays crucial roles in many cancers. However, whether SOX9 is correlated with cervical cancer cell stemness and its detailed mechanism remains obscure. We studied the relationship between SOX9 and prognosis of cervical cancer through public database, and SOX9 was related to poor prognosis of cervical cancer. Elevated SOX9 expression enhanced the self‐renewal properties and promotes tumorigenicity in cervical cancer. Overexpression of SOX9 could promote the expression of stem cell‐related factors in cervical cancer cells and xenografts. Meanwhile, overexpression of SOX9 could also enhance the expressions of FZD10, β‐catenin, and c‐Myc in cervical cancer cells and xenografts, while inhibiting the expression of DDK1. The activation of Wnt pathway by chir‐99 021 raised the tumor spheroid ability of SOX9 knockdown HeLa cells. In addition, SOX9 could transcriptional inhibit DKK1 and activate FZD10 and MYC by binding to their promoters to affect the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. These results demonstrated SOX9 regulated the self‐renewal and tumorigenicity of cervical cancer through Wnt/β‐catenin pathway by directly transcriptional activation of FZD10, MYC and transcriptional inhibition of DKK1.
Déformation et recristallisation dans le domaine β de l'alliage TA6Zr5D

L'etude a caracterise le comportement thermomecanique de l'alliage TA6ZrD, au cours de la deformation dans le domaine β et a analyse l'evolution structurale au cours de la deformation et pendant le traitement thermique post-deformation. L’analyse microstructurale a ete realisee sur des eprouvettes de laboratoire, sollicitees en traction, et des eprouvettes massives, deformees par compression sur site industriel. Les essais de traction ont permis de definir la loi de comportement de l'alliage dans les domaines de vitesses et de temperatures de deformation choisis. L’analyse de l'evolution structurale a montre que les joints de grain se deforment sous l'effet de la deformation croissante. Un leger adoucissement dynamique est observe sur les courbes de traction. A l'issue du traitement thermique, la taille moyenne des grains ex-β a ete correlee aux conditions de deformation. Sur les deux types d'eprouvettes, un schema de recristallisation statique, avec mise en evidence d'un ecrouissage critique, a ete obtenu. Ce taux de deformation critique diminue lorsque l'energie emmagasinee au cours de la deformation augmente. Cependant, si les valeurs du taux de deformation critique sont semblables sur les deux types d'eprouvettes, la taille du grain ex-β est plus importante sur l'eprouvette massive. Pour expliquer l'origine possible de ce grossissement anormal, l'etude de l'effet d'une contrainte appliquee au cours du traitement thermique a ete abordee. Les resultats ont montre que cette contrainte conduit a une augmentation de la taille de grain au voisinage du taux de deformation critique
Prediction of early neurological deterioration in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis

A proportion of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients suffer from early neurological deterioration (END) within 24 hours following intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), which greatly increases the risk of poor prognosis of these patients. Therefore, we aimed to explore the predictors of early neurological deterioration of ischemic origin (ENDi) in AIS patients after IVT and develop a nomogram prediction model. This study collected 244 AIS patients with post-thrombolysis ENDi as the derivation cohort and 155 patients as the validation cohort. To establish a nomogram prediction model, risk factors were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. The results showed that neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (OR 2.616, 95% CI 1.640–4.175, P < 0.001), mean platelet volume (MPV) (OR 3.334, 95% CI 1.351–8.299, P = 0.009), body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.979, 95% CI 1.285–3.048, P = 0.002) and atrial fibrillation (AF) (OR 8.012, 95% CI 1.341–47.873, P = 0.023) were significantly associated with ENDi. The area under the curve of the prediction model constructed from the above four factors was 0.981 (95% CI 0.961–1.000) and the calibration curve was close to the ideal diagonal line. Therefore, this nomogram prediction model exhibited good discrimination and calibration power and might be a reliable and easy-to-use tool to predict post-thrombolysis ENDi in AIS patients.
Seasonality of Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) Activity and Prevalence of Infection with Tick-Borne Disease Agents in North Central Oklahoma

Background: Amblyomma americanum is the most common tick infesting both animals and humans in the southern United States and transmits a variety of zoonotic agents. The rise in tick-borne diseases (TBD) globally imparts a need for more active surveillance of tick populations to accurately quantify prevalence and risk of tick-borne infectious organisms. To better understand TBD risk in north central Oklahoma, this study aimed to describe the current seasonal activity of A. americanum in this region and investigate the seasonality of tick-borne infectious agents. Materials and Methods: Tick collections were performed twice a month for a duration of 2 years at a field site in Payne County, Oklahoma. Total nucleic acid was extracted from a subset of adult A. americanum and tested for Rickettsia spp. , Ehrlichia spp. , and Borrelia spp. using established PCR protocols. Results: Peak activity times for each life stage were observed, with adults primarily active 1 month earlier than historical seasonal trends describe, and male A. americanum active earlier in the year than female A. americanum. Rickettsia spp. , Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii, and Borrelia lonestari were found in 26.4%, 6.1%, 2.5%, and 1.1% of adult A. americanum, respectively. No seasonal trend in spotted fever group Rickettsia spp. (SFGR) was observed in peak activity months. Conclusions: This study found an apparently shifting phenology for A. americanum adults in Oklahoma. While these results did not show a trend in SFGR, further investigation is needed to better understand the potential seasonality of infection prevalence within A. americanum across the expanding range of this vector, especially considering the extended activity of males in winter months.
MS-FRAN: A Novel Multi-Source Domain Adaptation Method for EEG-Based Emotion Recognition

Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based emotion recognition has gradually become a research hotspot. However, the large distribution differences of EEG signals across subjects make the current research stuck in a dilemma. To resolve this problem, in this article, we propose a novel and effective method, Multi-Source Feature Representation and Alignment Network (MS-FRAN). The effectiveness of proposed method mainly comes from three new modules: Wide Feature Extractor (WFE) for feature learning, Random Matching Operation (RMO) for model training, and Top-$\mathit{h}$ ranked domain classifier selection (TOP) for emotion classification. MS-FRAN is not only effective in aligning the distributions of each pair of source and target domains, but also capable of reducing the distributional differences among the multiple source domains. Experimental results on the public benchmark datasets SEED and DEAP have demonstrated the advantage of our method over the related competitive approaches for cross-subject EEG-based emotion recognition.
Projecting kelp (Ecklonia radiata) gametophyte thermal adaptation and persistence under climate change

Abstract Background and aims Kelp forests underpin temperate marine ecosystems but are declining due to ocean warming, causing loss of associated ecosystem services. Projections suggest significant future decline but often only consider the persistence of adult sporophytes. Kelps have a biphasic life cycle, and the haploid gametophyte can be more thermally tolerant than the sporophyte. Therefore, projections may be altered when considering the thermal tolerance of gametophytes. Methods We undertook thermal tolerance experiments to quantify the effect of temperature on gametophyte survival, relative growth rate (RGR) and sex ratio for three genetically distinct populations of Ecklonia radiata gametophytes from comparatively high, mid- and low latitudes (43°, 33° and 30°S). We then used these data to project the likely consequences of climate-induced thermal change on gametophyte persistence and performance across its eastern Australian range, using generalized additive and linear models. Key results All populations were adapted to local temperatures and their thermal maximum was 2–3 °C above current maximum in situ temperatures. The lowest latitude population was most thermally tolerant (~70 % survival up to 27 °C), while survival and RGR decreased beyond 25.5 and 20.5 °C for the mid- and low-latitude populations, respectively. Sex ratios were skewed towards females with increased temperature in the low- and high-latitude populations. Spatially explicit model projections under future ocean warming (2050-centred) revealed a minimal decline in survival (0–30 %) across populations, relative to present-day predictions. RGRs were also projected to decline minimally (0–2 % d−1). Conclusions Our results contrast with projections for the sporophyte stage of E. radiata, which suggest a 257-km range contraction concurrent with loss of the low-latitude population by 2100. Thermal adaptation in E. radiata gametophytes suggests this life stage is likely resilient to future ocean warming and is unlikely to be a bottleneck for the future persistence of kelp.
Evaluation of the economic benefits, administration times, and patient preferences associated with the use of biotechnological drugs administered subcutaneously and intravenously in patients with cancer: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Introduction Cancer imposes a high economic burden with medical care and medication costs. We evaluate the costs, the use of resources, the administration time, and the patient preferences associated with the use of biotechnological drugs in SC and IV presentations. Methodology A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and seven additional databases. The search was carried out in September 2021 and included only studies directly comparing SC and IV presentations. Evidence was synthesized narratively. Results 34 references were included, which only analyzed bortezomib, daratumumab, rituximab, and trastuzumab. Reduction in preparation costs of SC compared to IV presentations ranged from 6.6% to 50.1%, and in administration costs from 4.5% to 95.3%. SC administration of rituximab and trastuzumab resulted in less productivity loss. More than 68% of patients reported greater satisfaction with the SC route. A reduction of time in the infusion chair, lower costs of resources for preparation, and health personnel for the administration process were identified with SC administration. Conclusions The use of SC daratumumab, rituximab, and trastuzumab in patients with cancer reduces direct and indirect costs and adverse events compared to IV use. Patients prefer the SC administration, perceiving more comfort, and less pain at the administration site.
DNA methylation status of SHATI/NAT8L promoter in the blood of cigarette smokers

Cigarette smoking is a preventable risk factor for various diseases such as cancer, ischemic stroke, cardiac stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Smoking cessation is of great importance not only for individual smokers but also for social health. Regarding current cessation therapies, the effectiveness of nicotine replacement is limited, and the cost of varenicline medication is considerable. Thus, a method for screening smokers who are responsive to cessation therapy based on the therapeutic effectiveness is required. Peripheral biomarkers reflecting smoking dependence status are necessary to establish a method for achieving effective cessation therapy.