Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visualizing and identifying selfish bacteria: a hunting guide

Polysaccharides are dominant components of plant biomass, whose degradation is typically mediated by heterotrophic bacteria. These bacteria use extracellular enzymes to hydrolyze polysaccharides to oligosaccharides that are then also available to other bacteria. Recently, a new mechanism of polysaccharide processing – ‘selfish’ uptake – has been recognized, initially among gut-derived bacteria. In ‘selfish’ uptake, polysaccharides are bound at the outer membrane, partially hydrolyzed, and transported into the periplasmic space without loss of hydrolysis products, thus limiting the availability of smaller sugars to the surrounding environment. Selfish uptake is widespread in environments ranging from the ocean’s cool, oxygen-rich, organic carbon-poor waters to the warm, carbon-rich, anoxic environment of the human gut. We provide a detailed guide of how to hunt for selfish bacteria, including how to rapidly visualize selfish uptake in complex bacterial communities, identify selfish organisms, and distinguish the activity of selfish organisms from other members of the community.
Mouse frontal cortex nonlinearly encodes sensory, choice and outcome signals

Frontal area MOs (secondary motor area) is a key brain structure in rodents for making decisions based on sensory evidence and on reward value. In behavioral tasks, its neurons can encode sensory stimuli, upcoming choices, expected rewards, ongoing actions, and recent outcomes. However, the information encoded, and the nature of the resulting code, may depend on the task being performed. We recorded MOs population activity using two-photon calcium imaging, in a task requiring mice to integrate sensory evidence with reward value. Mice turned a wheel to report the location of a visual stimulus following a delay period, to receive a reward whose size varied over trial blocks. MOs neurons encoded multiple task variables, but not all of those seen in other tasks. In the delay period, the MOs population strongly encoded the stimulus side but did not significantly encode the reward-size block. A correlation of MOs activity with upcoming choice could be explained by a common effect of stimulus on those two correlates. After the wheel turn and the feedback, the MOs population encoded choice side and choice outcome jointly and nonlinearly according to an exclusive-or (XOR) operation. This nonlinear operation would allow a downstream linear decoder to infer the correct choice side (i.e., the side that would have been rewarded) even on zero contrast trials, when there had been no visible stimulus. These results indicate that MOs neurons flexibly encode some but not all variables that determine behavior, depending on task. Moreover, they reveal that MOs activity can reflect a nonlinear combination of these behavioral variables, allowing simple linear inference of task events that would not have been directly observable.
Novel taxonomic and functional diversity of bacteria from the upper digestive tract of chicken

Strategies to increase the production rate of chicken for human consumption alter the natural process of microbial colonisation and the nutritional performance of the animal. The lack of sufficient reference genomes limits the interpretation of sequencing data and restrain the study of complex functions. In this study, 43 strains obtained from crop, jejunum and ileum of chicken were isolated, characterised and genome analysed to observe their metabolic profiles, adaptive strategies and to serve as future references. Eight isolates represent new species that colonise the upper gut intestinal tract and present consistent adaptations that enable us to predict their ecological role, expanding our knowledge on the adaptive functions. Molecular characterisation confirmed the classification of Clostridium anaerovisceris sp. nov. (DSM 113860= LMG 32675), Clostridium butanolproducens (DSM 115076= LMG 32878), Ligilactobacillus hohenheimius sp. nov. (DSM 113870= LMG 32876), Limosilactobacillus gallus sp. nov. (DSM 113833 =LMG 32623), Limosilactobacillus avium sp. nov. (DSM 113849= LMG 32671), Limosilactobacillus pullum sp. nov. (DSM 115077 =LMG 32877), Limosilactobacillus digestus sp. nov. (DSM113835= LMG 32625) and Limosilactobacillus difficile sp. nov. (DSM 114195= LMG 32875). Strains of Limosilactobacillus were found to be more abundant in the crop, while Ligilactobacillus dominated the ileal digesta. Isolates from crop encode a high number of glycosidases specialized in complex polysaccharides compared to strains isolated from jejunum and ileum. These results represent the first approach for the isolation and detection of bacteria from the chicken’s upper digestive tract and describe the functional diversity of bacteria inhabiting these regions, improving the potential handling of chicken microbiota with biotechnological applications.
A PI(3,4,5)P3-dependent allosteric switch controls antigenic variation in trypanosomes 1

: African trypanosomes evade host immune clearance by antigenic variation, causing persistent 10 infections in humans and animals. These parasites express a homogeneous surface coat of variant surface 11 glycoproteins (VSGs). They transcribe one out of hundreds of VSG genes at a time from telomeric 12 expression sites (ESs) and periodically change the VSG expressed by transcriptional switching or 13 recombination. The mechanisms underlying the control of VSG switching and its developmental 14 silencing remain elusive. We report that telomeric ES activation and silencing entail an on/off genetic 15 switch controlled by a nuclear phosphoinositide signaling system. This system includes a nuclear 16 phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphatase (PIP5Pase), its substrate PI(3,4,5)P3, and the repressor-activator 17 protein 1 (RAP1). RAP1 binds to ES sequences flanking VSG genes via its DNA binding domains and 18 represses VSG transcription. In contrast, PI(3,4,5)P3 binds to the N-terminus of RAP1 and controls its
Lattice parameter and thermal expansion of monocrystalline silicon

We present experimental results for the lattice parameter and the thermal expansion of a silicon monocrystal at room temperature. In the precision determination of the Avogadro constant, an accurate knowledge of the value of the thermal expansion of silicon monocrystals is necessary so that their unit cell and molar volumes can both be referred to the same temperature. Recent advances in x-ray interferometry have made it possible to reduce the uncertainty of that value by one order of magnitude.
LOGIC MAY BE SIMPLE Logic, Congruence and Algebra

This paper is an attempt to clear some philosophical questions about the nature of logic by setting up a mathematical framework. The notion of congruence in logic is defined. A logical structure in which there is no non-trivial congruence relation, like some paraconsistent logics, is called simple. The relations between simplicity, the replacement theorem and algebraization of logic are studied (including MacLane-Curry’s theorem and a discussion about Curry’s algebras). We also examine how these concepts are related to such notions as semantics, truth-functionality and bivalence. We argue that a logic, which is simple, can deserve the name logic and that the opposite view is connected with a reductionist perspective (reduction of logic to algebra).
Non-systemic Approaches for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: Exploring the Potential of Ultra-flexible Combisomes as a Novel Drug Delivery Strategy—a Review

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is currently treated through breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy), radiation therapy, breast-removing surgery (mastectomy), and hormone therapy to prevent further progression into invasive breast cancer and recurrence. Discrepancies concerning the prognosis of DCIS have sparked controversy about adequate treatment. Considering the severe medical and psychological consequences of mastectomy, developing a treatment approach that arrests the progression of DCIS to the invasive stage without affecting the non-cancerous cells is of utmost importance. In the current review, the problems associated with the diagnosis and management of DCIS have been thoroughly discussed. A summary of the route of administration and drug delivery systems to manage DCIS was also provoked. Innovative ultra-flexible combisomes were also proposed for the effective management of DCIS. Prevention is essential in managing the risk of DCIS and reducing the risk of progression to invasive breast cancer. While prevention is vital, it is not always possible to prevent DCIS, and in some cases, treatment may be necessary. Hence, this review recommends that ultra-flexible combisomes administered as a topical gel provide a non-systemic approach for managing DCIS and thus significantly minimize the side effects and costs associated with existing therapies. Graphical Abstract
CSS Versus Large Size Sources

A large fraction of the sources in flux density limited radio samples have angular sizes 0.5, S∝ ν−α) high frequency spectra (Kapahi, 1981; Peacock and Wall 1982). The proportion of these Compact Steep-spectrum Sources (CSSs) is high (15–30% depending on the selection frequency) amongst distant (z > 0.2) radio sources of high power, both galaxies and quasars. We include in this class the GHz Peaked Spectrum Radio Sources (GPS), sub-kpc objects whose radio spectra are peaked at GHz frequencies (see, e.g., O’Dea et al, 1991).
Pseudoinversion for neural training: tuning the regularisation parameter

Recently some novel strategies have been proposed for training of Single Layer Feedforward Networks, that set randomly the weights from input to hidden layer, while weights from hidden to output layer are analytically determined by Moore-Penrose generalised inverse, to minimise the mean square error on training set. Such non-iterative strategies are appealing since they allow fast learning, but many choices have to be made using such approach, mainly concerning the initialization of input weights and the procedure for determining output weights. One aim of this study is to investigate the performance variability with weight choice and number of hidden neurons. We explore the use of various random projections for convenient setting of the input weights. Then we evidence that the method application may require some care to achieve good results, mainly concerning the procedure used for matrix pseudoinversion. We show that this key step suffers from numerical problems related to matrix invertibility, and we propose a heuristic procedure for bringing more robustness to the method. We report results on a difficult astronomical regression problem of chromaticity diagnosis to illustrate the various points under study.
Organization of the River and Flood Program in the National Weather Service

Abstract The National Weather Service is charged by law with the responsibility of issuing forecasts and warnings of floods to the nation to help save lives and mitigate property damage. This mission falls under the authority of the River and Flood Program of the National Weather Service. The duty is executed by Weather Service Forecast Offices and is supported by River Forecast Centers, regional and field offices, and the national headquarters in Silver Spring, Maryland. The intent of this paper, the first in a series of three, is to present a broad overview of the history of the River and Flood Program, how it evolved, some of the functions and responsibilities of the different offices involved in the program, and the coordination efforts required to fulfill its mission of providing a quality service of hydrologic forecasting.
A Perceptive Overview of Nucleus-Acoustic Waves in Degenerate Quantum Astroplasmas

We present a theoretic model formalism perspectively developed to explore the stability behavioral dynamics of the nucleus-acoustic waves (NAWs) in diversified gyrogravitating degenerate quantum astroplasmas. It evolves under the joint influence of the Bohm potential, Coriolis rotation, electrostatic confinement pressure (ECP), viscoelasticity, etc. Application of a standard normal spherical mode analysis yields a generalized linear septic dispersion law. It is interestingly found that the Coriolis rotation enhancement suppresses the NAW growth features. The adopted system is more sensitive to the rotational force than the viscoelasticity, and so forth. It is useful to study the NAWs and stability features excitable in compact astrophysical objects, like white dwarfs (WDs), brown dwarfs, neutron stars, etc.
On the Outage Performance of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted UAV Communications

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are expected to be widely used in future wireless communication networks to improve spectrum and energy efficiency. In this paper, RIS-assisted UAV communication systems are studied and analysed by developing a comprehensive mathematical framework for examining their outage performance. In order to study the effect of the RIS on UAV communications, two system scenarios are considered: in the first scenario, the UAV acts as an aerial base station (BS) serving a ground user to offload the terrestrial network, and in the second system, the UAV acts as an aerial user served by a terrestrial BS. We present channel models considering the UAV’s unique characteristics, propose a closed-form approximation for the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) distribution, and derive an analytical expression for the relevant outage probability. Results show that RIS can significantly improve the performance of UAV communication systems by introducing energy-efficient and reliable links. This opens the door for UAV networks, which are highly scalable, adaptable, and robust to environmental changes. Furthermore, the results show that the UAV position and altitude optimisation significantly affects the outage performance.
Autonomous Radio Resource Provisioning in Multi-WAT Private 5G RANs based on DRL

Multi-Wireless Access Technology (WAT) Radio Access Networks (RANs) are becoming a key enabler in 5G and beyond networks due to the public spectrum scarcity, the level of signal confinement and security offered by some wireless technologies (e.g., Light Fidelity (Li-Fi)), and the reduction of the deployment and operational costs. For instance, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) technology is cheaper and easier to manage than 5G, and leveraging their already deployed infrastructures contributes to capital expenditures saving. Developing autonomous radio resource provisioning (RRP) solutions is fundamental to cost-effectively achieve the zero-touch management in private 5G networks while fulfilling the service requirements. However, modelling the Key Performance Indicators of the radio interface in 5G and beyond is a complex task that requires high-domain knowledge. Furthermore, the resulting models, as well as solving the respective RRP optimization problem using exact methods usually offer a high computational complexity, especially in multi-WAT scenarios. In order to cope with these issues, in this work, we propose an initial design of a Deep Reinforcement Learning-assisted solution for the RRP in a multi-WAT private 5G network. Furthermore, we contex-tualize the solution in the Open RAN architecture framework. A simulation-based proof-of-concept validates the proposal’s proper design and operation considering a realistic private 5G network scenario.
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for WiFi Gesture Recognition

Human gesture recognition with WiFi signals has attained acclaim due to the omnipresence, privacy protection, and broad coverage nature of WiFi signals. These gesture recognition systems rely on neural networks trained with a large number of labeled data. However, the recognition model trained with data under certain conditions would suffer from significant performance degradation when applied in practical deployment, which limits the application of gesture recognition systems. In this paper, we propose UDAWiGR, an unsupervised domain adaptation framework for WiFi-based gesture recognition aiming to enhance the performance of the recognition model in new conditions by making effective use of the unlabeled data from new conditions. We first propose a pseudo-labeling method with confidence control constraint to utilize unlabeled data for model training. We then utilize consistency regularization to align the output distribution for enhancing the robustness of neural network under signal perturbations. Furthermore, we propose a cross-match loss to combine the pseudo-labeling and consistency regularization, which makes the whole framework simple yet effective. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed framework could achieve 4.35% accuracy improvement comparing with the state-of-the-art methods on public dataset.
Empirical study on 5G NR Adjacent Channel Coexistence

5G New Radio (NR) non-public network deployments for industrial and enterprise applications are becoming highly popular in locally licensed and/or operator spectrum. The interference from coexisting networks on adjacent channels (in same or adjacent spectrum bands) could potentially deteriorate the performance characteristics in certain deployment scenarios. Appropriate interference mitigation is thus required to achieve the desired performance levels. In this paper, we present our detailed empirical results on the performance impact of coexisting 5G NR networks operating on adjacent channels. Our experimental study conducted on an industrial shopfloor reports the impact on the downlink and uplink latency and throughput when using the same and different Time Division Duplexing patterns for coexisting networks. Our empirical evaluation includes realistic user equipment deployment locations and traffic load conditions. We also present our results on different mitigation techniques to counter the adjacent channel interference effects.
Joint Transmit and Receive Beamforming Design for Uplink RSMA Enabled Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems

This paper studies an uplink rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) enabled integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system, where a radar-communication (RadCom) base station (BS) receives the signals from communication users (CUs) while simultaneously sensing the target. By utilizing the rate splitting (RS) paradigm to split the CU with better channel condition into two virtual CUs, the inter-user interference is mitigated substantially and a higher sensing performance is achieved with determinate communication performance requirements. Under this consideration, we jointly optimize the transmit and receive beamforming to maximize the radar signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) while ensuring to the CUs’ rate requirements as well as the transmit power constraints of BS and CUs. However, due to the coupled variables and non-convex constraints, the formulated problem is non-convex and difficult to solve. To tackle this problem, we propose an effective alternating optimization (AO) algorithm, specifically, in each iteration, the optimal transmit radar waveform is derived via the rank-1 guaranteed semidefinite relaxation (SDR). Simulation results are provided to validate the performance of our proposed design and it is shown that RSMA is effective and robust for suppressing interference.
Encryption-Aided Physical Layer Security via Cooperative Jamming: Beyond Secrecy Capacity with Noisy Ciphertext

In this work, we propose a joint security approach based on physical layer security (PhySec) and noisy ciphertext to improve the secrecy rate of a relay network with cooperative jamming via two trusted relays. While the secrecy capacity has been considered as the maximum limit for a perfect secrecy at the physical layer, we demonstrate that the consideration of error- prone ciphertext in encryption and its interaction with PhySec allows us to transmit above the PhySec capacity without any leakage. By formulating and solving a non-convex encryption- aided secrecy rate maximization problem, it is shown that beyond PhySec capacity performances can be achieved even in a simple jamming scenario in which the two jammers just send independent jamming signals. The optimal encryption-aware power allocation and the secrecy rate maximization solution are also established in the case of common jamming signals to further increase the secrecy rate. Numerical results are finally provided to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed joint security framework over traditional PhySec.
Top local cohomology, Matlis duality and tensor products

Let $\fa$ be an ideal of a local ring $(R, \fm)$ with $d = \dim R. $ For $i > d$ the local cohomology module $H^i_{\fa}(R)$ vanishes. In the case that $H^d_{\fa}(R) \not= 0,$ at first we give a bound for $\depth D(H^d_{\fa}(R))$, where $d>2$ and $(R,\fm)$ is complete. More precisely we show $$\begin{array}{ll} \ \grade (\fb, D(H^d_{\fa} (R)))+\dim R/\fb \geq \depth (D(H^d_{\fa} (R))) \geq 2, \end{array}$$ where $\fb$ is an ideal of $R$ of dimension $\leq 2$ and D(-) denotes the Matlis duality functor. Later we give conditions that Cohen-Macaulayness of $D(H^d_{\fa}(R))$ fails, where $d \geq 3$. Finally, $H^d_{\fa}(R) \otimes_R H^d_{\fa}(R)$, $D(H^d_{\fa}(R)) \otimes_R D(H^d_{\fa}(R))$ and $H^d_{\fa}(R) \otimes_R D(H^d_{\fa}(R))$ are examined. In particular, we give the necessary and sufficient condition for Cohen-Macaulayness of $D(H^d_{\fa}(R)) \otimes_{R/Q} D(H^d_{\fa}(R))$, where $Q$ is a certain ideal of $R$.
A Li-ion Battery Input 96.8% Peak Efficiency Single- Inductor Off-Chip-Capacitor-Free 2-Switch LED Driver with Two-Color Mixing Capability

Li-ion battery-powered LED illumination provides a wide range of potential applications for portable devices. It is always desirable to design an LED driver that uses the fewest off-chip components, operates with higher efficiency, and includes extra features such as color mixing. As shown in Fig. 1, the buck-boost topology is commonly adopted as the battery voltage (from $2.7 \mathrm{~V}$ to $4.2 \mathrm{~V}$) can be either higher or lower than the forward voltage of LED. However, its power stage consists of four switches, each of which suffers from switching and conduction losses. In addition, it is not $P C B$ area efficient to include at least three off-chip components (an inductor and input and output capacitors) [1–2]. The recent introduction of various hybrid buck-boost converters helps to improve efficiency by reducing effective resistance that the main current flow through, but at the expense of the extra off-chip flying capacitors [3–5]. Moreover, to drive LEDs for color mixing, these general-purpose converters need to pay additional power to regulate and balance the current, especially when the forward voltages of LEDs are unequal [6].
WiCo: Robust Indoor Localization via Spectrum Confidence Estimation

The past decade has witnessed emerging applications of achieving indoor localization using WiFi by estimating the Angle of Arrival (AoA). While various algorithms have been proposed, their performance in practical indoor environment is still limited. An important limitation lies in the fact that the confidences of AoA estimations from different devices are actually unequal, which has not been considered nor addressed. In this paper, we propose WiCo, a confidence-aware localization framework by analyzing the confidence of the spatial spectrum. Specifically, we first evaluate the unequal confidence caused by different beamwidth and multipath on different APs. Then, we propose a normalized distribution confidence and a full reference confidence to quantify the reliability of spatial spectrum on different devices. Finally, we resolve the unequal confidence factor caused by geometric deployment through re-weighting and perform localization. Extensive real-world experiments demonstrate that WiCo could reduce the median localization error by 43.8%.