Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FAULT TOLERANCE IN DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM

-Fault Tolerance is an important issue in Distributed Computing. Fault-tolerant describes a computer system or component designed so that, in the event that a component fails, a backup component or procedure can immediately take its place with no loss of service. A fault can occur for many reasons like communication failure, resource or hardware failure or it may be of sometime for process faults which occur due to shortage of storage of resource, software bugs etc. This eventually leads to a fault environment. In real time distributed system feasibility of task is very important because there is a deadline defined for each task and should be finished on or before its deadline even there is a fault in the system. Due to possibility of partial failure in the system, the system should routinely recover itself from it without disturbing the overall performance of the system. There exist a lots of researches how to make distributed system fault-tolerant. This paper aims to provide a better understanding of fault, fault tolerance and fault tolerance techniques used in the distributed real time environments.
Comparison of the Enhancing Effects of Dehydroepiandrosterone with the Structural Analog 16a-Fluoro-5-androsten-17-one on Aflatoxin BT Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rainbow Trout 1 in Rainbow Trout ORNER,

Comparison of the Enhancing Effects of Dehydroepiandrosterone with the Structural Analog 16a-Fluoro-5-androsten-17-one on Aflatoxin Bi Hepatocarcinogenesis Appl. Toxicol. 34, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an adrenal steroid with chemoprotective effects against a wide variety of conditions including cancer, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. How-ever, DHEA is also a carcinogen in laboratory animals, possibly through its function as a precursor of sex steroids or peroxisome proliferation. The structural analog 16a-fluoro-5-androsten-17-one (8354) has been reported to have enhanced chemopreventive activity without the steroid precursor and peroxisome proliferating effects of DHEA. This study compares DHEA and 8354 in rainbow trout, a species that is resistant to peroxisome proliferation but is highly susceptible to the carcinogenic and tumor enhancing effects of DHEA. Trout were exposed as fry to aflatoxin Bi (AFB,) or given a sham exposure, then were fed diets containing 444 ppm DHEA or 8354 for 6 This paper describes the results of two studies, a 9-month tumor study and a 2-week short-term experiment. The short-term experiment was conducted in order to characterize the acute response of trout to DHEA and the analog with respect to indicators of peroxisome proliferation (/3-oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA, catalase and inhibition of G6PD) and cell proliferation (PCNA). Previous studies have documented the lack of induction of peroxisome proliferation by long-term DHEA di- etary exposure (Omer et al,, 1995). Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were hatched and reared at the Oregon State University Food Toxicology and Nutrition Laboratory. The tumor study used 800 animals; 500 of these were initiated as fry (75 days postspawning) by a 30-min water bath expo- sure to 10 ppb AFB,. The remainder were given a sham exposure (30 min in 0.01% ethanol). For the first 3 months after initiation, trout were fed Oregon Test Diet (OTD), a semipurified, casein-based diet (Lee el al., 1991). Trout were then divided into experimental groups and fed modified OTD diets containing 444 ppm (w/w) DHEA or 8354 until the conclusion of the study 42 weeks after initiation. As a limited quantity of the analog was available, only a single dose level was tested. The modified OTD contained less vitamin E (100 mg/kg) than standard OTD but was still above the levels required for normal growth (NRC, 1973). Once on experimental diets, trout were fed ad lib (2.8-5.6% body wt), five times per week. The diets were made up every 1-5 weeks (an average of every 3 weeks) and stored at —20°C until 2-4 days prior to feeding, at which point it was allowed to thaw at 4°C. Previous studies by Ratko et al. (1991) documented that both DHEA and the 8354 analog were stable for at least 4 days at room temperature when incorporated into AIN 76A diet.
A NONLOCAL PROBLEM FOR PSEUDOHYPERBOLIC EQUATION

In this paper we present some new results concerning with nonlocal problems for evolution equations. We consider a problem with nonlocal integral conditions for a pseudohyperbolic equation and prove the existence and uniqueness of a generalized solution to the problem. A proof is based on a priori estimates in Sobolev spaces and embedding theorems.
Role for CCR5 (cid:2) 32 Protein in Resistance to R5, R5X4, and X4 Human Immunodeﬁciency Virus Type 1 in Primary CD4 (cid:1) Cells

CCR5 (cid:1) 32 is a loss-of-function mutation that abolishes cell surface expression of the human immunodeﬁciency virus (HIV) coreceptor CCR5 and provides genetic resistance to HIV infection and disease progression. Since CXCR4 and other HIV coreceptors also exist, we hypothesized that CCR5 (cid:1) 32 -mediated resistance may be due not only to the loss of CCR5 function but also to a gain-of-function mechanism, speciﬁcally the active inhibition of alternative coreceptors by the mutant CCR5 (cid:1) 32 protein. Here we demonstrate that efﬁcient expression of the CCR5 (cid:1) 32 protein in primary CD4 (cid:2) cells by use of a recombinant adenovirus (Ad5/ (cid:1) 32) was able to down-regulate surface expression of both wild-type CCR5 and CXCR4 and to confer broad resistance to R5, R5X4, and X4 HIV type 1 (HIV-1). This may be important clinically, since we found that CD4 (cid:2) cells puriﬁed from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of individuals who were homozygous for CCR5 (cid:1) 32 , which expressed the mutant protein endogenously, consistently expressed lower levels of CXCR4 and showed less susceptibility to X4 HIV-1 isolates than cells from individuals lacking the mutation. Moreover, CD4 (cid:2) cells from individuals who were homozygous for CCR5 (cid:1) 32 expressed the mutant protein in ﬁve of ﬁve HIV-exposed, uninfected donors tested but not in either of two HIV-infected donors tested. The mechanism of inhibition may involve direct scavenging, since we were able to observe a direct interaction of CCR5 and CXCR4 with CCR5 (cid:1) 32, both by genetic criteria using the yeast two-hybrid system and by biochemical criteria using the coimmunoprecipitation of heterodimers. Thus, these results suggest that at least two distinct mechanisms may account for genetic resistance to HIV conferred by CCR5 (cid:1) 32 : the loss of wild-type CCR5 surface expression and the generation of CCR5 (cid:1) 32 protein, which functions as a scavenger of both CCR5 and CXCR4. the GAL upstream activation sequence upstream of the reporter genes. If CCR5 or CXCR4 interacted with CCR5 (cid:2) 32, AD amino acids 768 to 881 act as a transcriptional activator to drive expression of the reporter genes. Strain AH109, which uses the reporters Ade2, HIS3, and LacZ under the control of distinct GAL4 upstream activity sequences, was used to study coreceptor-CCR5 (cid:2) 32 interactions. At medium stringency, HIS3 was used as a reporter gene, with 10 mM 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT) as a com-petitive inhibitor.
ALTERNATIVE TO DISTORTIONS CREATED BY TRADITIONAL COST ACCOUNTING: THROUGHPUT ACCOUNTING

Managers in manufacturing organizations rely on accurate information from accounting practices to take real-time decisions in order to maximize profitability from their product-mix or across business units. All the existing cost accounting approaches rely on allocating costs of labour and overheads across business-units or product-lines or individual products. The practice of allocating indirect cost is rarely precise, and therefore opens up the possibility of distorted information being placed to managerial decision-makers leading to wrong decisions. Throughput accounting, which is a result of Goldratt’s Theory of Constraints, offers a simple and viable alternative to the distortions created by cost accounting approaches. Throughput accounting suggests a paradigm shift in analysing contribution of product-mix and business units by changing focus of managers from emphasizing on managing cost-per-unit to managing throughputs. This study presents a conceptual discourse with hypothetical illustrations on the distortions created by cost accounting and how throughput accounting removes such distortions and presents factual information to decision-makers.
Real Time Fault Monitoring System on a Rotating Machinery using JADE

: Fault Monitoring on rotating machinery have been employed in the field of Machine diagnosis. Although several different methodologies have been established, there is a gap of knowledge existing on novel, ideal and speed in real time system. The present study was an attempt on development of new machine diagnosis tool using Multi agent Software. In this present study the focus is towards bearing of any rotating machinery. A piezo electric sensor is placed on the rear side of the bearing, based on the sensor output wear and tear of the bearing is predicted using multi agent software. The machine condition monitoring tool is designed using Java Agent Development Framework (JADE), which is a software framework that facilitates the development of agent applications in compliance with the FIPA (Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents) specifications for interoperable intelligent multi-agent systems. The JADE agent platform tries to keep the high performance of a distributed agent system implemented with the Java language.
MESSENGER PROBLEM A DYNAMIC MESSENGER

In a static messenger problem (Cordeau, 2006), requirements of all customers are known before a dispatcher starts to plan the route. Each customer specifies an origin where the driver has to pick up the package and a destination for the package delivery. Distances between all the points in the distribution network are given. A single vehicle is available for distribution of all the packages and a capacity of the vehicle is large enough to load all of them. First, no time windows are considered in the problem. The objective is to minimize the total length of the route for pick-up and delivery of all the packages.
MINIREVIEW Resistance of Enterococci to Glycopeptides

Introduction. Glycopeptide antibiotics, vancomycin and teicoplanin, are used in the treatment of serious infections due to enterococci in cases of resistance or allergy to beta-lactams (15, 17, 22). Despite more than 30 years of clinical use of vancomycin, glycopeptide resistance in en- terococci has rarely been detected (18, 46). However, resistant strains responsible for colonization (23, 24, 54) or infection (38, 49) have been isolated with an increasing frequency from patients in the presence or absence of glycopeptide therapy. It is the purpose of this paper to review the genetics and mechanisms of glycopeptide resistance in enterococci.
RISK FACTORS OF PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE AMONG MALE AND FEMALE MEDICAL STUDENT AND INTERNS IN DIFFERENT CITIES IN KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

Background: Potential risk factors of PUD include family history, smoking, medications such as non-steroidal antiinflammatory and antibiotic, some dietary habits, daily life habits and stress. Objective: We aimed to estimate the prevalence of PUD risk factors among male and female medical student and interns in different cities in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in addition to describing the symptoms of PUD. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a self-administered paper questionnaire. In addition, data about the participants’ weight and height measurements was collected to calculate the body mass index. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 396 male participants and 460 female participants from different cities in Saudi Arabia took part in this study and were included in the statistical analysis. The most common risk factors of PUD were stress (94.2%), eating spicy food (72.8%) and using NSAIDs (42.2%). Data showed that high BMI (p<0.00), living in a high-altitude city (p<0.001), smoking (p<0.001), alcohol consumption (p<0.001) and eating spicy food (p=0.007) were more common among males while using NSAIDs was more common among females (p<0.001). The most common symptom of PUD included abdominal pain (55.1%), followed by changes in appetite (40.2%) and heartburn (36.8%). Conclusion: Results showed a considerably significant differences between male and female medical students and interns when it comes to the risk factors of PUD. Identifying the most common symptoms and risk factors of PUD will allow earlier detection and accordingly better management of the disease in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Identification of a Secondary Promoter within the Human B-Cell Receptor Component Gene, hCD79b *

Background: Transcriptional control of hCD79b is critical to B-cell function and poorly understood. Results: A fully sufficient and novel secondary promoter was identified within intron 1 of hCD79b. Conclusion: hCD79b has a complex transcriptional structure comprising two competing promoters. Significance: The secondary promoter within hCD79b predicts novel pathways of B-cell receptor expression in normal and pathologic settings.
Sequences in the 5 (cid:2) Nontranslated Region of Hepatitis C Virus Required for RNA Replication

Sequences in the 5 (cid:1) and 3 (cid:1) termini of plus-strand RNA viruses harbor cis -acting elements important for efﬁcient translation and replication. In case of the hepatitis C virus (HCV), a plus-strand RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae , a 341-nucleotide-long nontranslated region (NTR) is located at the 5 (cid:1) end of the genome. This sequence contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that is located downstream of an about 40-nucleotide-long sequence of unknown function. By using our recently developed HCV replicon system, we mapped and characterized the sequences in the 5 (cid:1) NTR required for RNA replication. We show that deletions introduced into the 5 (cid:1) terminal 40 nucleotides abolished RNA replication but only moderately affected translation. By generating a series of replicons with HCV-poliovirus (PV) chimeric 5 (cid:1) NTRs, we could show that the ﬁrst 125 nucleotides of the HCV genome are essential and sufﬁcient for RNA replication. However, the efﬁciency could be tremendously increased upon the addition of the complete HCV 5 (cid:1) NTR. These data show that (i) sequences upstream of the HCV IRES are essential for RNA replication, (ii) the ﬁrst 125 nucleotides of the HCV 5 (cid:1) NTR are sufﬁcient for RNA replication, but such replicon molecules are severely impaired for multiplication, and (iii) high-level HCV replication requires sequences located within the IRES. These data provide the ﬁrst identiﬁcation of signals in the 5 (cid:1) NTR of HCV RNA essential for replication of this virus.
Finding the Optimal Clusters from Discrete Data using Evolutionary Clustering Algorithm

: To find the natural number of clusters in a dataset has been a difficult issue in many clustering algorithms. It is complex to determine the desired number of clusters. Even if a hierarchical tree of clusters is given, it is still hard to determine the cut points. The proposed algorithm is modified to find the optimal number of clusters. It is varied in several ways. It allows a variable number of clusters in the chromosomes. It introduces split and merge mutation and new crossover operations. In addition, the fitness function is enhanced to give a fair evaluation. The experimental results illustrate the proposed algorithm can successfully find the correct number of clusters in many datasets.
Managing in mental settings using an interprofessional in-situ simulation training programme: a mixed methods evaluation study

Background – In the UK, people with severe mental illness die up to 20 years earlier than the general population, prompting increased focus on physical health in mental illness. However, training for mental health inpatient staff to meet patients’ physical health needs has not received the same attention, with physical health training often being reactive and lacking evidence of effectiveness. Objectives – To evaluate an interprofessional, in situ, simulation training intervention for managing medical deterioration in mental health settings. Investigating the impact of training on: 1. Participants’ knowledge, confidence, and attitudes towards managing medical deterioration; and 2. Incident reporting, as an objective index of incident management. Participants’ perceptions of the impact on their practice were qualitatively explored. training. Incident reporting rates for seven-month periods pre and post training were compared. Results – Following training, participants showed significant improvement in knowledge ( p <.001), confidence ( p <.001), and attitudes towards ( p <.02) managing medical deterioration. Incident reporting increased by 33% following training. Participants’ reported improved confidence in managing medical deterioration, better understanding of effective communication, improved self-reflection and team working, and an increased sense of responsibility for patients’ physical health . Conclusions – Interprofessional, in situ simulation training for medical deterioration yielded promising outcomes for individuals and teams. Simulation is an under-used training modality in mental health, offering a holistic training approach with the potential to provide educational and clinical benefits while supporting workforce resilience. This study was a mixed-methods evaluation of an intensive, in situ simulation training course for interprofessional management of medical deterioration in mental health settings. and Objective markers incident these are evidenced in these as provides approach to which a more resilient and reflective
Sequence analysis Properties and identiﬁcation of human protein drug targets

Motivation: We analysed 148 human drug target proteins and 3573 non-drug targets to identify differences in their properties and to predict new potential drug targets. Results: Drug targets are rare in organelles; they are more likely to be enzymes, particularly oxidoreductases, transferases or lyases and not ligases; they are involved in binding, signalling and communication; they are secreted; and have long lifetimes, shown by lack of PEST signals and the presence of N -glycosylation. This can be summarized into eight key properties that are desirable in a human drug target, namely: high hydrophobicity, high length, SignalP motif present, no PEST motif, more than two N -glycosylated amino acids, not more than one O -glycosylated Ser, low pI and membrane location. The sequence features were used as inputs to a support vector machine (SVM), allowing the assignment of any sequence to the drug target or non-target classes with an accuracy in the training set of 96%. We identiﬁed 668 proteins (23%) in the non-target set that have target-like properties. We suggest that drug discovery programmes would be more likely to succeed if new targets are chosen from this set or their homologues.
Regulation of store-operated Ca 2 (cid:1) entry by CD38 in human airway smooth muscle

Regulation of store-operated Ca 2 (cid:1) entry by CD38 in human airway smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Physiol ectoenzyme CD38 cat-alyzes synthesis and degradation of cyclic ADP ribose in airway smooth muscle (ASM). The proinﬂammatory cytokine TNF (cid:2) , which enhances agonist-induced intracellular Ca 2 (cid:1) ([Ca 2 (cid:1) ] i ) responses, has been previously shown to increases CD38 expression. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the effects of TNF (cid:2) on CD38 expression vs. changes in [Ca 2 (cid:1) ] i regulation in ASM cells are linked. Using isolated human ASM cells, CD38 expression was either increased (transfection) or knocked down [small interfering RNA (siRNA)], and [Ca 2 (cid:1) ] i responses to sarcoplasmic reticulum depletion [i.e., store-operated Ca 2 (cid:1) entry (SOCE)] were evaluated in the presence vs. absence of TNF (cid:2) . Results conﬁrmed that TNF (cid:2) signiﬁcantly increased CD38 expression and ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity, an effect inhibited by CD38 siRNA, but unaltered by CD38 overexpression. CD38 suppression blunted, whereas overexpression enhanced, ACh-induced [Ca 2 (cid:1) ] i responses. TNF (cid:2) -induced enhancement of [Ca 2 (cid:1) ] i response to agonist was blunted by CD38 suppression, but enhanced by CD38 overexpression. Finally, TNF (cid:2) -induced increase in SOCE was blunted by CD38 siRNA and potentiated by CD38 overexpression. Overall, these results indicate a critical role for CD38 in TNF (cid:2) -induced enhancement of [Ca 2 (cid:1) ] i in human ASM cells, and potentially to TNF (cid:2) augmentation of airway responsiveness. SMOOTH with 0 Ca 2 (cid:1) (nominally Ca 2 (cid:1) -free) HBSS. In the absence of extracellular Ca 2 (cid:1) , SR Ca 2 (cid:1) was depleted using 10 (cid:4) M cyclopiazonic acid (CPA; inhibitor of SR Ca 2 (cid:1) ATPase). In the continued presence of CPA, extracellular Ca 2 (cid:1) was rapidly reintroduced to trigger SOCE. and ﬁne analyzed signiﬁcance using one- two-way ANOVA as appro- (control (cid:2) , transfected, etc.). Multi-ple comparison tests (Tukey employed as appropri- ate. Experiments were performed using human ASM cells obtained from six different patients. A value of P (cid:8) 0.05 was considered signiﬁcant. All results are expressed as means (cid:5) SE.
Synthesis and QSAR of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibitors: Modulation at the N-Portion of Biphenyl-3-yl Alkylcarbamates

Alkylcarbamic acid biphenyl-3-yl esters are a class of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors that comprises cyclohexylcarbamic acid 3 ′ -carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester (URB597), a compound with analgesic, anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like properties in rat and mouse models. Here, we extended the structure-activity relationships (SARs) for this class of compounds by replacing the cyclohexyl ring of the parent compound cyclohexylcarbamic acid biphenyl-3-yl ester (URB524) (IC 50 , for FAAH = 63 nM) with a selected set of substituents of different size, shape, flexibility and lipophilicity. Docking experiments and Linear Interaction Energy (LIE) calculations indicated that the N-terminal group of O-arylcarbamates fits within the lipophilic region of the substrate-binding site, mimicking the arachidonoyl chain of anandamide. Significant potency improvements were observed for the β -naphthylmethyl derivative 4q (IC 50 = 5.3 nM) and its 3 ′ -carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester 4z (URB880, IC 50 = 0.63 nM), indicating that shape complementarity and hydrogen bonds are crucial to obtain highly potent inhibitors. channel of the enzyme (‘orientation B’). previous studies based this hypothesis on the evidence of enzyme carbamoylation, and exploited the role of lipophilicity for the N-alkyl group, the present work describes the requirements for potent inhibitors and underlines steric similarities between the two binding pockets, as shown by the generally better prediction of pIC 50 values in the orientation B.