Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Orbit Determination for Future Korean Regional Navigation Satellite System

This paper presents an algorithm for Real-Time Orbit Determination (RTOD) of navigation satellites for the Korean Regional Navigation Satellite System (KRNSS), when the navigation satellites generate ephemeris by themselves in abnormal situations. The KRNSS is an independent Regional Navigation Satellite System (RNSS) that is currently within the basic/ preliminary research phase, which is intended to provide a satellite navigation service for South Korea and neighboring countries. Its candidate constellation comprises three geostationary and four elliptical inclined geosynchronous orbit satellites. Relative distance ranging between the KRNSS satellites based on Inter-Satellite Ranging (ISR) is adopted as the observation model. The extended Kalman filter is used for real-time estimation, which includes fine-tuning the covariance, measurement noise, and process noise matrices. Simulation results show that ISR precision of 0.3–0.7 m, ranging capability of 65,000 km, and observation intervals of less than 20 min are required to accomplish RTOD accuracy to within 1 m. Furthermore, close correlation is confirmed between the dilution of precision and RTOD accuracy.
Cortical stimulation of verb processing

Introduction • Verbs occupy pivotal roles in sentence construction, reflecting who is doing what to whom • Disruption of verb processing might be an underlying cause of sentence comprehension and production deficits in individuals with aphasia (language disorder after focal brain damage such as stroke). Improvement on verbs → improvement on sentences (Thompson et al., 2013). • Brain areas associated with verb processing: angular / supramarginal gyri (BA 39, 40) (den Ouden et al., 2009; Meltzer-Asscher et al., 2012). • Brain stimulation can temporarily modify language processing (Monti et al., 2013)
Effect of distal splitting the scrotum when banding feedlot bulls on performance outcomes and healing time

Castration of bulls using high tension banding techniques is a common practice in commercial feedlots. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether splitting the scrotum at time of banding would impact performance and healing times in feedlot bulls. A total of 32 bulls from a single breeding operation were blocked by initial body weight and then randomly assigned to intact (n = 16) or split (n = 16) treatment groups. A Newberry knife was used to make a 3-inch (7.6 cm) side-to-side incision through the distal scrotum immediately after banding bulls in the split treatment group. Bulls in the intact group were banded, but no incision was made in the scrotum. Individual weights were collected on days 14, 28, and 56, and the scrotum was visually assessed at each weigh point. More (37.5%) scrotums were absent on day 28 (P=0.03), and ADG was improved at day 56 (P=0.06) in the split treatment group compared to intact treatment group. Follow up studies evaluating the inflammatory response, health, and performance outcomes are warranted to further evaluate the process of splitting the scrotum at the time of band castration.
Linear Stability Analysis of DBD Boundary-Layer Flow-Control Experiments and Simulations

Linear stability theory is applied to analyze boundary-layer data from flow-control experiments with dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators. The hydrodynamic stability of laminar boundary-layer flow along a flat plate subject to an adverse pressure gradient is enhanced by the induced momentum from a dielectric barrier discharge. Changes in the velocity distribution are measured with laser Doppler anemometry while a traversable hot-wire probe quantifies the macroscopic effect on the transition location. The observed connection between the altered velocity distribution and the delayed transition is supported by a stability analysis of experimental boundary-layer profiles. A numerical procedure to study the impact plasma actuation has on hydrodynamic stability is presented to enable parametric studies and optimization of flow-control applications.
Recombination Kinetics in Organic-Inorganic Perovskites: Excitons, Free Charge, and Subgap States

Organic-inorganic perovskites are attracting increasing attention for their use in high-performance solar cells. Nevertheless, a detailed understanding of charge generation, interplay of excitons and free charge carriers, and recombination pathways, crucial for further device improvement, remains incomplete. Here, we present an analytical model describing both equilibrium properties of free charge carriers and excitons in the presence of electronic subgap trap states and their time evolution after photoexcitation in CH3NH3PbI3−xClx. At low fluences the charge-trapping pathways limit the photoluminescence quantum efficiency, whereas at high fluences the traps are predominantly filled and recombination of the photogenerated species is dominated by efficient radiative processes. We show experimentally that the photoluminescence quantum efficiency approaches 100% at low temperatures and at high fluences, as predicted by our model. Our approach provides a theoretical framework to understand the fundamental physics of perovskite semiconductors and to help in designing and enhancing the material for improved optoelectronic device operation.
A monolithic optical sensor based on whispering-gallery modes in polystyrene microspheres

We experimentally demonstrate a monolithic sensor based on sharp whispering-gallery optical resonances of polystyrene microspheres in water attached onto an optical coupler via a solid separation layer index matched to water. A Q-factor of 0.9×106 is measured on a microsphere of 44 μm diameter with a 650 nm thick separation layer. As a proof of principle of the sensing capabilities, we measure the response to refractive index changes and infer a shot-noise limited precision of 1×10−8 refractive index units.
Range-Extension Algorithms and Strategies for TDOA Ultra-Wideband Positioning System

The Internet of Things (IoT) for smart industry requires the surveillance and management of people and objects. The ultra-wideband positioning system is an attractive solution for achieving centimeter-level accuracy in target location. While many studies have focused on improving the accuracy of the anchor coverage range, it is important to note that in practical applications, positioning areas are often limited and obstructed by furniture, shelves, pillars, or walls, which can restrict the placement of anchors. Furthermore, some positioning regions are located beyond anchor coverage, and a single group with few anchors may not be able to cover all rooms and aisles on a floor due to non-line-of-sight errors causing severe positioning errors. In this work, we propose a dynamic-reference anchor time difference of arrival (TDOA) compensation algorithm to enhance accuracy beyond anchor coverage by eliminating local minima of the TDOA loss function near anchors. We designed a multidimensional and multigroup TDOA positioning system with the aim of broadening the coverage of indoor positioning and accommodating complex indoor environments. By employing an address-filter technique and group-switching process, tags can seamlessly move between groups with a high positioning rate, low latency, and high accuracy. We deployed the system in a medical center to locate and manage researchers with infectious medical waste, demonstrating its usefulness for practical healthcare institutions. Our proposed positioning system can thus facilitate precise and wide-range indoor and outdoor wireless localization.
The Protective Role of TREM2 in the Heterogenous Population of Macrophages during Post-Myocardial Infarction Inflammation

Advances in interventions after myocardial infarction (MI) have dramatically increased survival, but MI remains the leading cause of heart failure due to maladaptive ventricular remodeling following ischemic damage. Inflammation is crucial in both the initial response to ischemia and subsequent wound healing in the myocardium. To date, preclinical and clinical efforts have been made to elucidate the deleterious effects of immune cells contributing to ventricular remodeling and to identify therapeutic molecular targets. The conventional concept classifies macrophages or monocytes into dichotomous populations, while recent studies support their diverse subpopulations and spatiotemporal dynamicity. The single-cell and spatial transcriptomic landscapes of macrophages in infarcted hearts successfully revealed the heterogeneity of cell types and their subpopulations post-MI. Among them, subsets of Trem2hi macrophages were identified that were recruited to infarcted myocardial tissue in the subacute phase of MI. The upregulation of anti-inflammatory genes was observed in Trem2hi macrophages, and an in vivo injection of soluble Trem2 during the subacute phase of MI significantly improved myocardial function and the remodeling of infarcted mice hearts, suggesting the potential therapeutic role of Trem2 in LV remodeling. Further investigation of the reparative role of Trem2 in LV remodeling would provide novel therapeutic targets for MI.
Alternative Chemistries for Free Radical-Initiated Targeting and Immobilization

Stimuli-responsive biomaterials are an emerging strategy that leverage common pathophysiological triggers to target drug delivery to limit or avoid toxic side effects. Native free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), are widely upregulated in many pathological states. We have previously demonstrated that native ROS are capable of crosslinking and immobilizing acrylated polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) networks and coupled payloads in tissue mimics, providing evidence for a potential targeting mechanism. To build on these promising results, we evaluated PEG dialkenes and dithiols as alternative polymer chemistries for targeting. The reactivity, toxicity, crosslinking kinetics, and immobilization potential of PEG dialkenes and dithiols were characterized. Both the alkene and thiol chemistries crosslinked in the presence of ROS, generating high molecular weight polymer networks that immobilized fluorescent payloads in tissue mimics. Thiols were especially reactive and even reacted with acrylates in the absence of free radicals, and this motivated us to explore a two-phase targeting approach. Delivering thiolated payloads in a second phase, after the initial polymer net formation, allowed greater control over the payload dosing and timing. Two-phase delivery combined with a library of radical-sensitive chemistries can enhance the versatility and flexibility of this free radical-initiated platform delivery system.
Eudaimonia in the Amazon: Relational Values as a Deep Leverage Point to Curb Tropical Deforestation

Tropical deforestation has been recognized as a major and multi-faceted sustainability issue, frequently analyzed in terms of its economic drivers, the effectiveness of protection policies, or broader political dynamics. Meanwhile, the role of values as underlying social factors affecting land-use choices remains underexplored. Recognizing that values can, however, be important “deep” leverage points for transformative change, we delve into that dimension using the Brazilian Amazon as a case study. Through a total of 72 key-informant interviews and field visits to 25 sustainable land-use initiatives in the states of Acre and Mato Grosso, we identify values that have motivated choices for conservation in deforestation frontiers and how stakeholders articulate them. Our results reveal that different land users make economic considerations, but these are interwoven with relational values—about connections to the landscape or social relations mediated by nature. Eudaimonic values, such as increased meaningfulness, personal growth through learning and knowledge sharing, as well as a sense of contributing to the world, are shown to be key in those initiatives. These findings challenge the commonplace distinction between ‘traditional’ and ‘modern’ people, showing that relational values are relevant across the board and may deserve much more attention as leverage points.
Face processing in young adults with autism and ADHD: An event related potentials study

Background Atypicalities in perception and interpretation of faces and emotional facial expressions have been reported in both autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during childhood and adulthood. Investigation of face processing during young adulthood (18 to 25 years), a transition period to full-fledged adulthood, could provide important information on the adult outcomes of autism and ADHD. Methods In this study, we investigated event-related potentials (ERPs) related to visual face processing in autism, ADHD, and co–occurring autism and ADHD in a large sample of young adults (N = 566). The groups were based on the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults 2.0 (DIVA-2) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS-2). We analyzed ERPs from two passive viewing tasks previously used in childhood investigations: (1) upright and inverted faces with direct or averted gaze; (2) faces expressing different emotions. Results Across both tasks, we consistently found lower amplitude and longer latency of N170 in participants with autism compared to those without. Longer P1 latencies and smaller P3 amplitudes in response to emotional expressions and longer P3 latencies for upright faces were also characteristic to the autistic group. Those with ADHD had longer N170 latencies, specific to the face-gaze task. Individuals with both autism and ADHD showed additional alterations in gaze modulation and a lack of the face inversion effect indexed by a delayed N170. Conclusion Alterations in N170 for autistic young adults is largely consistent with studies on autistic adults, and some studies in autistic children. These findings suggest that there are identifiable and measurable socio-functional atypicalities in young adults with autism.
Linear Matrix Inequalities in Robust Unified Smooth Sliding Mode Controller Design

Sebahagian besar masalah yang dihadapi dalam teori kawalan sistem boleh dikurangkan kepada beberapa masalah pengoptimuman cembung atau kuasi–cembung piawai yang melibatkan ketaksamaan matriks lelurus (LMI). Dengan perkembangan terbaru tentang cara titik dalaman, masalah pengoptimuman tersebut dapat diselesaikan secara efisien dengan kaedah berangka. Satu daripada aplikasi LMI boleh dilihat dalam penyelesaian masalah kawalan ragam gelincir. Sistem kawalan ragam gelincir berkemampuan supaya tidak terpengaruh secara keseluruhan oleh ketidakpastian padanan apabila berada dalam ragam gelincir. Akan tetapi, sistem masih menghadapi gangguan yang tidak diingini apabila diusik oleh ketidakpastian tidak terpadan, serta masalah gelugutan. Dalam kertas kerja ini, permukaan gelincir direka bentuk dengan integrasi suatu kriteria H infiniti terjamin kos optimum untuk mengurangkan gangguan tidak terpadan. Permukaan kos terjamin tersebut diterbitkan daripada prosedur pengoptimuman cembung yang diformulasikan sebagai masalah LMI. Satu kawalan licin seragam diaplikasikan untuk menyelesaikan masalah gelugutan. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa pengawal tersebut dapat memperbaiki prestasi dari segi penyingkiran gelugutan secara keseluruhan dan penyisihan gangguan tidak terpadan Kata kunci: Ketaksamaan matriks lelurus (LMI), kawalan ragam gelincir, gangguan tidak terpadan, bebas gelugutan, kriteria H infiniti terjamin kos optimum A wide range of problems encountered in system control theory can be reduced to a few standard convex or quasiconvex optimisation problems involving linear matrix inequalities (LMI). With recent developed of interior point methods, the optimisation problems can be solved numerically very efficiently. One of the applications of the LMI may be seen in solving the sliding mode control problems. The sliding mode control system is capable of total invariance to the matched uncertainties while remain in the sliding mode. But the system may still face the undesirable distractions cause by the mismatched uncertainties, and chattering problem. In this paper, the sliding surface is designed with integration of an optimal guaranteed cost H infinity criterion to attenuate the mismatched disturbances. The guaranteed cost surface is derived from a convex optimisation procedure formulated as an LMI problem. A unified smooth control law is applied to solve the chattering problem. The results showed that the controller may improve the performance with total chattering elimination and mismatched disturbances rejection. Key words: Linear matrix inequalities (LMI), sliding mode control, mismatched uncertainties, chattering free, optimal guaranteed cost H infinity criterion
Influence of Humidity and Salinity on the Transformation of Positive Corona Discharge Modes in Rod–Plane Gap

In this article, the positive corona discharge in rod–plane gap was measured by noninductive resistance, photomultiplier, and ultraviolet imager. With the increase of applied voltage, different positive corona discharge modes are distinguished according to the difference of optical and electrical characteristics. The positive corona discharge develops from streamer discharge to glow discharge at low humidity, and the discharge of water molecules in air can be detected before streamer discharge when the relative humidity (RH) is higher than 80%. Humidity has little effect on the inception voltage of streamer discharge, while the inception voltage of glow discharge increases with the humidity. As for the positive corona discharge in salty air, the streamer discharge will never develop into the glow discharge but develops directly to a spark if the air humidity is somewhat high. The physical mechanism of positive streamer discharge and glow discharge is analyzed, and the evolution of space charge distribution during positive corona discharge is obtained by simulation. The glow discharge is characterized by the presence of negative ion sheath around the anode. The increase of humidity and salinity in air reduces the migration rate of negative ions, which is not conducive to the establishment of glow discharge.
Modelling Language Evolution ⁄y

A purpose of this paper is to understand the evolution of the languages used by the agents of a society. We focus on language features in which convexity plays a central role. In our model a language is a function from a set X of objects or meanings to a set Y of signals belonging to a prespecified class F in which a distance d is defined. In a linguistic society P of k agents, a state consists of the set of k languages used by the individual agents. Such a state evolves with time as agents are exposed to meaning-signal pairs produced by other agents in the society and modify their own ∗This work has been substantially funded by a grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong SAR (project number CityU 1002/99P). Also, the second named author expresses his appreciation to City University of Hong Kong for its support. †A preliminary version of this paper appears in [Minett and Wang 2003].
Small particles, big impacts: A review of the diverse applications of nanofluids

Nanofluids—a simple product of the emerging world of nanotechnology—are suspensions of nanoparticles (nominally 1–100 nm in size) in conventional base fluids such as water, oils, or glycols. Nanofluids have seen enormous growth in popularity since they were proposed by Choi in 1995. In the year 2011 alone, there were nearly 700 research articles where the term nanofluid was used in the title, showing rapid growth from 2006 (175) and 2001 (10). The first decade of nanofluid research was primarily focused on measuring and modeling fundamental thermophysical properties of nanofluids (thermal conductivity, density, viscosity, heat transfer coefficient). Recent research, however, explores the performance of nanofluids in a wide variety of other applications. Analyzing the available body of research to date, this article presents recent trends and future possibilities for nanofluids research and suggests which applications will see the most significant improvement from employing nanofluids.
On satellite knots

Throughout this paper we work in the smooth category and assume that all knots are oriented and consider two knots K1 and K2 to be equivalent if and only if there is an orientation preserving homeomorphism h:S3→S3 which carries K1 onto K2 so that their orientations match. We write K1 ≅ K2 if K1 and K2 are equivalent and – K denotes the knot obtained from K by inverting its orientation.
Design and Performance Exploration of a Lead‐Free All‐Inorganic Hydrogenated Cs2AgBiBr6‐Based Double Perovskite Solar Cell: A Numerical Modeling Study

Lead‐free double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 has attracted wide attention owing to its nontoxic and stable properties. Recently, hydrogenated Cs2AgBiBr6 (HCABB) films have been shown to possess superior optoelectronic properties than pristine Cs2AgBiBr6, and the double perovskite solar cell (DPSC) based on the films broke the efficiency record of DPSCs as soon as it was proposed. However, its poor energy band alignment and thin absorber layer thickness prevent HCABB from realizing its full photovoltaic potential. In this article, we design a lead‐free all‐inorganic HCABB‐based DPSC for application purposes. To explore its photovoltaic potential, we numerically optimize the transport layer materials, the thickness and bulk defect density of the absorber layer, the interface defect densities, the back contact material, and the parasitic series and shunt resistances step by step for the HCABB‐based DPSC. We predict the HCABB‐based DPSC with the structure of FTO/Nb2O5/HCABB/CuI/Cu can achieve an open‐circuit voltage of 1.139 V, short‐circuit current density of 22.40 mA cm−2, fill factor of 83.35%, and power conversion efficiency of 21.28%. Overall, our work explores the photovoltaic potential of HCABB and provides guidance for fabricating more efficient HCABB‐based DPSCs.
Evolution of gain enhancement techniques in dielectric resonator antenna: applications and challenges

Abstract Dielectric resonator antennas (DRA) are advantageous due to their small size, high radiation efficiency, ease of excitation, and minimal metallic losses. Enhancing the gain of DRA will make them suitable for a variety of applications such as wireless communication technology. High-gain antennas are required for wireless communication to overcome the difficulties of high path loss. The researchers have presented numerous techniques, including stacked DRA, DRA array, and higher-order mode excitation for enhancing the gain. This article provides a comprehensive summary of the state of art techniques and geometries including stacking, frequency-selective surfaces superstrate, electromagnetic band gap structures, hybrid techniques, arrays, etc., for increasing DRA gain. Techniques to improve other parameters like bandwidth and radiation efficiency along with gain are also discussed. The challenges in each technique and the possible applications are presented. Based on the studies, it is observed that the DRA array technique is suitable for obtaining gains up to 19 dBi for radar-based applications. For low-profile DRA requirements, hybrid DRAs prove prolific in enhancing gain up to 16 dBi.