Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study of Plane Spiral OAM Mode-Group Based MIMO Communications

Spatial division multiplexing using conventional orbital angular momentum (OAM) has become a well-known physical layer transmission method over the past decade. The mode-group (MG) superposed by specific single-mode plane spiral OAM (PSOAM) waves has been proved to be a flexible beamforming method to achieve the azimuthal pattern diversity, which inherits the spiral phase distribution of conventional OAM wave. Thus, it possesses both beam directionality and vorticity. In this article, it is the first time to show and verify a novel PSOAM MG based multiple-in–multiple-out (MG-MIMO) communication link experimentally in a line-of-sight (LoS) scenario. A compact multimode PSOAM antenna is demonstrated experimentally to generate multiple-independent controllable PSOAM waves, which can be used for constructing MGs. After several proof-of-principle tests, it has been verified that the beam directionality gain of MG can improve the receiving signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) level in an actual system. Meanwhile, the vorticity can provide another degree of freedom (DoF) to reduce the spatial correlation of MIMO system. Furthermore, a tentative long-distance transmission experiment operated at 10.2 GHz has been performed successfully at a distance of 50 m with a single-way spectrum efficiency of 3.7 bits/s/Hz/stream. The proposed MG-MIMO may have potential in the long-distance LoS backhaul scenario.
Determinants of Tourists’ Site-Specific Environmentally Responsible Behavior: An Eco-Sensitive Zone Perspective

This study examines the role of individual values, attitudes, and situational reasons for determining site-specific environmentally responsible behavior (s-ERB) at eco-sensitive zones. It deploys a mixed-methods approach that includes in-depth interviews with 25 visitors to elicit reasons for/against s-ERB, and a survey of 540 visitors to empirically validate the proposed model using structural equation modeling. The qualitative interviews evoked four reasons for s-ERB (felt responsibility, environmental knowledge, environmental sensitivity, personal norm) and three reasons against s-ERB (structural constraints, conflicting goals, tokenism). The model validation confirms that the reasons serve as an important linkage between the tourists’ biospheric values and their pro-environmental attitude and s-ERB, with no direct relation between values/attitudes and behavior. This work affirms the simultaneity of reasons for and against evoking s-ERB, and it conveys the importance of eco-sensitive zone managers activating the reasons for and suppressing the reasons against promoting s-ERB to tourists.
Incentivizing units in centralized systems: A slacks-based approach

Abstract Having based his incentivisation strategy on cost reimbursement, Bogetoft developed an incentive formula. Given that inputs are typically costs, different input-oriented methods were proposed to estimate the parameters of the incentive formula. Recently, several radial-based input-oriented super-efficiency measures have been developed in the centralized resource allocation (CRA) context for estimation of the incentive formula parameters. We show, using examples, that input-oriented incentive methods can lead to unfair incentive mechanisms. It transpires that fair incentive mechanisms can be achieved via non-oriented methods. To this end, we propose an non-oriented slacks-based super-efficiency method in the CRA context using which we estimate the incentive formula parameters. Given that the slacks-based measures can distinguish between weak and strong efficient units, such measures do not suffer from the known deficiencies of the radial CRA-based incentive methods. The validity and applicability of the proposed approach are demonstrated using a real dataset. We consider percentage of relative returns, and use statistical indices and visualization techniques to compare the incentive plans obtained from the proposed method with those resulted from other existing CRA-based incentive methods.
Benjamin Ewert and Kathrin Loer, eds., Behavioural Policies for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (London: Palgrave Pivot, 2019). 104 pages. ISBN: 9783319983158. Hardcover $69.99.

[. ]there is no doubt that the rise of behavioral sciences offers insights into human behavior that can be adapted to public health. The result, Strassheim and Loer argue, is that structural problems and social inequalities in public health are neglected in the name of evidence-based policy. [. ]if not negotiated in the public realm and politically legitimized, strategies of behavioral governance may not fit the common interest. According to Ewert and Loer, the debate over the use of behavioral insights has “breathed new life into the art of policy making in health promotion” (p. 102).
Determinantes del exceso de duración en la educación terciaria en Chile

Los estudiantes universitarios chilenos incurren en niveles de sobreduración excesivamente grandes, que generan perjuicios monetarios y socioemocionales considerables. Se busca determinar las principales causas de los excesos de duración, de cara a entregar las primeras luces acerca de cómo disminuirlos y mitigar los efectos negativos que provocan. A través de un análisis multivariado, se realizó un estudio censal de los egresados de la educación superior chilena en la última década, para identificar los factores que incidieron en el exceso de duración percibido por los estudiantes. Así, se distinguieron varios patrones al interior de la educación superior chilena que se alinean con la evidencia recopilada al respecto en el mundo. Se evidenció que los incentivos para terminar a tiempo que impone la posibilidad de perder un beneficio de financiamiento, hacen que estudiantes de iguales características demoren menos en cursar sus estudios superiores. Entonces, extender el beneficio de financiamiento por gratuidad a los años de sobreduración generaría un aumento en el exceso de duración percibido por los estudiantes más vulnerables.
Structural Change and Economic Dynamics

We investigate the interplay between the local spread of COVID-19 and patterns of individual mobility within and across self-contained geographical areas. Conceptually, we connect the debate on regional development in the presence of shocks with the literature on spatial labour markets and address some research questions about the role of individual mobility in affecting the spread of the disease. By looking at granular ﬂows of Facebook users moving within and across Italian labour market areas (LMAs), we analyse whether their heterogeneous internal and external mobility has had a signiﬁcant impact on excess mortality. We also explore how individual mobility plays different roles in LMAs hosting industrial districts – characterised by a thicker local labour market and denser business and social interactions – and with a high presence of “essential sectors” - activities not affected by the COVID-19 containment measures taken by the Italian government at the onset of the crisis.
Awareness, perception and acceptability of digital physiotherapy intervention among Malaysian physiotherapist

Digital health intervention (DHI) can solve the patient's problem, such as geographical inaccessibility, delayed provision of care, low-level adherence to clinical protocols, and financial burden. DHI does not necessary to work as a substitution for a functioning health system but helps strengthen its function. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the awareness, perception, and acceptability of digital physiotherapy intervention (DPI) among Malaysian physiotherapists. A total of 209 practicing physiotherapists representing all the regions in Malaysia participated in this online self-reported questionnaire, including demographics profile, continuous professional development, awareness, perception and acceptability of DPI. Analyzed the collected data to determine the knowledge of DPI by using descriptive statistical methods. A 75.1% of the Malaysian physiotherapist aware of digital physiotherapy intervention, 69.38% perceived it reduces the cost for face to face, reduce the time for traveling 47.85%, improve adherence to exercises 42.58%, 78% of them agree with the DPI and 75.1% of them accepted to recommend the digital tools to their patient. Malaysian physiotherapists are aware, agree and recommend the digital physiotherapy intervention to their treatment plan. However, it should still raise awareness about digital physiotherapy intervention to lead them to the future. Developing new digital tools, utilization, and overcoming the various healthcare institutions' low acceptability considering the cost, conventional interventions, and time-consuming should be strategized in Malaysia.
Efficient Analysis of Radiation From a Dipole Source in Woodpile EBG Structures

An efficient and rigorous approach to analyze the radiation from an electric dipole placed in 3-D woodpile electromagnetic bandgap material (EBG) structures consisting of layered periodic arrays of circular cylinders is presented. The response in the spectral domain of the woodpile EBGs excited by a dipole source is calculated using one-dimensional lattice sums, the 3-D transition matrix of a circular cylinder, and the generalized reflection and transmission matrices of the layered system. The closed-form expression of the radiated field is rigorously obtained by a finite integral of the spectral response. Comparisons with the far fields calculated using reciprocity both with the present approach and with a fully independent commercial EM software package are presented showing excellent agreement with the proposed method and demonstrating the high computational efficiency of the semianalytical formalism.
Trends and Evolution in the Concept of Marine Ecosystem Services: An Overview

The biotic and abiotic assets of the marine environment form the “marine natural capital” embedded in the global ocean. Marine natural capital provides the flow of “marine ecosystem services” that are directly used or enjoyed by people providing benefits to human well-being. They include provisioning services (e.g., food), regulation and maintenance services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage, and coastal protection), and cultural services (e.g., tourism and recreational benefits). In recent decades, human activities have increased the pressures on marine ecosystems, often leading to ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss and, in turn, affecting their ability to provide benefits to humans. Therefore, effective management strategies are crucial to the conservation of healthy and diverse marine ecosystems and to ensuring their long-term generation of goods and services. Biophysical, economic, and sociocultural assessments of marine ecosystem services are much needed to convey the importance of natural resources to managers and policy makers supporting the development and implementation of policies oriented for the sustainable management of marine resources. In addition, the accounting of marine ecosystem service values can be usefully complemented by their mapping to enable the identification of priority areas and management strategies and to facilitate science–policy dialogue. Given this premise, this study aims to review trends and evolution in the concept of marine ecosystem services. In particular, the global scientific literature on marine ecosystem services is explored by focusing on the following main aspects: the definition and classification of marine ecosystem services; their loss due to anthropogenic pressures, alternative assessment, and mapping approaches; and the inclusion of marine ecosystem services into policy and decision-making processes.
The Effects of Disciplinary Composition on Virtual Learning Group Process Dynamics: Students’ Perspectives

This research was conducted as a collaborative project between the West University of Timișoara (Romania) and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Norway) to develop a transnational learning activity. The students learned in virtual collaborative study groups; developed project-based teams; shared experiences, skills, and professional competencies; and collaborated directly with their teachers, the researchers, and the labor force. Three virtual learning groups of undergraduate students (N = 131), presenting comparable course descriptors and disciplinary group compositions, participated in the study. This study aimed to determine the effects of disciplinary composition on virtual learning group process dynamics from the students’ perspectives. This study applied a quasi-experimental between-subjects study design: quantitative methods were used to validate a research instrument and to determine statistical differences in the group process dynamic between the three groups; a qualitative method was applied to identify an in-depth understanding of the students’ perception about the group learning experience. By analyzing the group dynamics in the three settings—mono-disciplinary, cross-disciplinary, and cross-cultural—the research results show the advantages of each virtual learning composition in the group dynamic and learning outcomes in terms of group skill acquisitions. The conclusions can help teachers design virtual team compositions, a crucial stage in ensuring the achievement of desired learning outcomes.
Atmospheric Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) at the Foot and Summit of Mt. Tai: Variations, Sources and Sinks, and Implications for Ozone Formation Chemistry

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) acts as a terminal sink for atmospheric HOx radicals (OH and HO2), playing a key role in tropospheric O3 formation. However, there are few field measurements of atmospheric H2O2 to assess its role in O3 formation, especially for the seriously polluted region of the North China Plain. In this study, H2O2 concentrations were measured at the foot of Mt. Tai from May to July 2018 and the summit of Mt. Tai from May to June 2019, with average values of 0.93 ± 1.01 and 2.05 ± 1.20 ppb, respectively. H2O2 exhibited a pronounced diurnal variation with a noon‐peak at the foot of Mt. Tai, which could be well reproduced by a gas‐phase box model with H2O2 dry deposition velocity of 3 cm s−1 included, indicating H2O2 was mainly photochemically produced. Modeling analysis showed H2O2 production at the foot was most sensitive to alkenes and aromatics, while the source and sink for H2O2 were dominated by HO2 recombination and dry deposition, respectively. Compared with the summer‐measurement in 2007, the remarkable elevation of H2O2 at the summit might be ascribed to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) increase and SO2 decline. Both H2O2‐O3 correlation and H2O2/NOz ratio suggested O3 formation at the foot of Mt. Tai was mainly VOC‐sensitive in the early morning and shifted to NOx‐sensitive thereafter. Therefore, reduction of VOCs emission especially for the reactive species of alkenes and aromatics in the morning as well as NOx emission around noontime will be effective for mitigating the serious O3 (as well as H2O2) pollution in Tai'an city.
Formulation and physical characterization of herbal face gel toner

Topical applications of the drugs have an advantage of delivering the drug directly to the site of action and acting for a longer period of time. Skin is one of the most widespread and readily accessible organs on the human body for topical administration and is the main route of topical drug delivery system. The main aim of this project was to formulate a natural and safe herbal skin toner which has calming, soothing, and astringent, effect on the face and skin to reduce the facial irritancy and enhance the beauty and can be used in day today busy schedule. The extracts used are from the ingredients which are easily available, economical and has nutritional value from topical point of view. Toner has gained the popularity as it can be used daily and helps in restoring the skin texture hence the purpose of the study was aimed for the similar formulation.
Impact of socioeconomic development on inflation in South Asia: evidence from panel cointegration analysis

Purpose This study aims to examine the influence of socioeconomic development on inflation in South Asia using the foreign exchange rate and money supply as control variables. Design/methodology/approach The study uses annual panel data for five South Asian economies, namely, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka over the period 1990–2018, applies cointegrating regression techniques, namely, the panel dynamic ordinary least square (OLS) and fully modified OLS estimators to examine the long-run relations and conducts the Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality test to detect the direction of causality among variables. Findings The cointegrating regression estimations have documented that the socioeconomic development proxied by the human development index (HDI) has no significant impact on inflation. Although economic development represented by gross domestic product (GDP) growth causes inflation, socioeconomic development represented by HDI has no impact on inflation and has demonstrated as a better macroeconomic indicator, and thus creates no inflationary pressure in the economy. The foreign exchange rate has a positive impact on inflation. The broad money supply has the usual positive effect on domestic inflation that endorses the monetarist view about prices. The Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality test has confirmed several unidirectional causalities: inflation causes HDI, money supply causes both inflation and HDI and the foreign exchange rate causes HDI. Practical implications The study has practical implications for policymakers in South Asia, to improve HDI, particularly GDP per capita, education and health-care facilities to realize continuous socioeconomic development, which will take care of inflation. Moreover, these counties may follow a conservative monetary policy to control inflationary pressure in their economies. Originality/value The study is original and claims to be the first to examine the impact of socioeconomic development on inflation. The findings have socioeconomic values regarding controlling inflation in South Asia.
Comparative Phylogeography of Floreana's Lizards Supports Galápagos Pleistocene Paleogeographical Model and Informs Conservation Management Decisions

Abstract. Terrestrial squamate reptiles from the Galápagos archipelago have limited gene flow among islands, which provides an opportunity to test paleogeographic models. Previous work suggests that Pleistocene glaciations had a strong influence on the evolution of Galápagos's sea-locked vertebrates by allowing dispersal and contact among populations from different islands through land connections for the last 700,000 yr. A prediction of the model is that extant populations, despite being isolated at present, are more genetically similar than would be expected given their age of origin due to recent (Pleistocene) gene flow. Based on mitochondrial genes, we test the prediction with a comparative phylogeographic analysis of two sympatric species of lizards (Microlophus grayii and Phyllodactylus baurii) from Floreana island and two surrounding islets. As expected by the paleogeographic model, lizards from Floreana are very similar genetically to conspecifics from Champion, which, unlike Gardner, was connected to Floreana during Pleistocene glacial maxima. Moreover, populations of Floreana and Champion do not share haplotypes, suggesting that genetic drift played an important role in their evolution. The split between Gardner and Floreana plus Champion populations was estimated at 0.99 million years ago (mya) for Lava Lizards and 3.41 mya for Leaf-toed Geckos, whereas the split between populations from Floreana and Champion was 0.72 and 2.43 mya, respectively. Our results also show that Floreana and Champion populations are part of the same evolutionarily significant unit for each species, which might be at risk due to an upcoming invasive mammal eradication program in Floreana. Therefore, Champion represents a reasonable source for potential reintroductions if necessary.
Post-pandemic pressures to pivot: tech transformations in luxury hotels

PurposeThis study is an empirical exploration of the tech-based transformation strategies being adopted by luxury hotels in India to assuage the fear psychosis and restore guest confidence in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It sheds light on the “new normal” and its overarching implications for hotel operations from the user experience perspective.Design/methodology/approachA mixed method strategy was adopted for data collection. Qualitative data was gathered from a video analysis of two webinars with high-profile panels of thought leaders about the challenges arising from the global health crisis and related post-pandemic recovery strategies. This data has been triangulated with desk research and data collected through an online survey which sought to map guest sentiments with respect to resuming the use of hospitality services and their attitude towards the proposed tech transformation initiatives in the Indian luxury hospitality industry.FindingsThe research data indicates that despite their pandemic-related trepidations, people still have a strong urge to be social and to travel. Technology can play a pivotal role in creating safe spaces for social distancing, facilitating a contactless guest interface to alleviate guest concerns for safe hygiene and rebuilding customer confidence to address the trust deficit.Practical implicationsHospitality organisations must be discerning in the investments they make in new technology and contactless experiences because hasty investments in extensive automation may be perceived as gimmicky by guests. Intelligent and astute use of technology tools can minimise human error, optimise service efficiency and enhance guest experience through elevated levels of personalised hospitality in luxury hotels by judiciously marrying high touch with high tech.Originality/valueThis study is the one of the first empirical explorations of the tech transformation strategies adopted by luxury hotels in the Indian context in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It explores their efforts for the continued co-creation of high value experiences based on consumer perspectives, with implications for both hospitality and tourism theory and practice.
End‐to‐end autonomous driving decision model joined by attention mechanism and spatiotemporal features

Autonomous driving decision is a critical component of automatic driving system, which informs and updates the unmanned vehicle of object movements. However, end-to-end autonomous driving decision is still a great challenge due to the different scales of trafﬁc target in the wild dynamic trafﬁc scenes. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a novel model with attention mechanism and spatiotemporal features extraction. Specif-ically, for the important spatial information of trafﬁc targets with scale differences, the spatial dimensions of height H , width W and channel C are independent of each other to build sparse spatial attention map. Moreover, different sparse masks are trained for spatial network by pruning elements of feature maps at the end of each block of backbone, which improves the accuracy of the two subnetworks of spatial network by 2.3% and 3.9%, respectively. Then the extracted spatial information is introduced jointly to the time sequence network with previous speed as input to obtain the vehicle steering angle and speed. Experiments on public virtual datasets show that the prediction accuracy of the model reaches 85.8%. Compared with other state-of-the-art models, our model increased by 4.8% and 2.2%, respectively.