Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistical Parallax Analysis of SDSS M Dwarfs

We report on the analysis of ~22,000 M dwarfs using a statistical parallax method. This technique employs a maximum-likelihood formulation to simultaneously solve for the absolute magnitude, velocity ellipsoid parameters and reflex solar motion of a homogeneous stellar sample, and has previously been applied to Galactic RR Lyrae and Cepheid populations and to the Palomar/Michigan State University (PMSU) survey of nearby low-mass stars. We analyze subsamples of the most recent spectroscopic catalog of M dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to determine absolute magnitudes and kinematic properties as a function of spectral type, color, chromospheric activity and metallicity. We find new, independent spectral type-absolute magnitude relations, and color-absolute magnitude relations in the SDSS filters, and compare to those found from other methods. Active stars have brighter absolute magnitudes and lower metallicity stars have fainter absolute magnitudes for stars of type M0-M4. Our kinematic analysis confirms previous results for the solar motion and velocity dispersions, with more distant stars possessing larger peculiar motions, and chromospherically active (younger) stars having smaller velocity dispersions than their inactive counterparts. We find some evidence for systematic differences in the mean U and W velocities of samples subdivided by color.
Ultrasound-based strain rate estimation of moving, fully-developed speckle

Strain rate is a measurement that may aid a cardiologist in assessing myocardial function. Ultrasound Doppler techniques can be used to compute tissue velocity relative to a transducer, and the myocardial strain rate is the localized spatial derivative of the tissue velocity. Such a strain rate estimate is typically numerically noisy. We derive the relevant speckle statistics to faciliate the use of a weighted least squares regression to estimate the strain rate, showing that a statistically appropriate weighting is the product of the ultrasound signal amplitudes.
Econometric theory and practice : frontiers of analysis and applied research

Part I. Higher-Order Asymptotics: 1. Edgeworth expansions for the wald and GMM statistics for nonlinear restrictions Bruce E. Hansen 2. Moment selection and bias reduction for GMM in conditionally heteroskedastic models Guido M. Kuersteiner Part II. Deficient Instruments: 3. Specification tests with instrumental variables and rank deficiency Yuichi Kitamura 4. Asymptotic normality of single-equation estimators for the case with a large number of weak instruments John C. Chao and Norman R. Swanson 5. Inference in partially identified instrumental variables regression with weak instruments Eric Zivot Part III. Nonstationarity: 6. Extracting cycles from nonstationary data Dean Corbae and Sam Ouliaris 7. Nonstationary nonlinearity: an outlook for new opportunities Joon Y. Park 8. Multiple structural change models: a simulation analysis Jushan Bai and Pierre Perron Part IV. LAD and Quantile Regression: 9. On efficient, robust and adaptive estimation in cointegrated models Douglas J. Hodgson 10. Testing stationarity using m-estimation Roger Koenker and Zhijie Xiao 11. Consistent specification testing for quantile regression models Yoon-Jae Whang Part V. Nonstationary Panels: 12. Combination unit root tests for cross-sectionally correlated panels In Choi 13. Nonlinear IV panel unit root tests Yoosoon Chang.
Theories of Concepts and Contradiction Acceptance

The paper discusses the Heterogeneity Hypothesis about concepts (Machery, 2009) and the empirical support on which it is based. Two experiments are presented which investigate one of the main predictions of the theory, i.e., the fact that people should be willing to accept apparently contradictory sentences about the same entity.
A long period model for the magnetic star γ Equulei.

Linear polarimetry has enabled us to observe the rotation of the magnetic axis of the star γ Equ (nearly 15° over the period 1990-1993). Thus, the very long rotation period of more than 70 years, suggested by previous authors, is now confirmed in a straightforward way. We propose numerical values for the various parameters which enter the oblique rotator model and we show that they are consistent with all the available data on the magnetism of γ Equ
Integral equation methods in scattering theory

Preface to the Classics Edition Preface Symbols 1. The Riesz-Fredholm theory for compact operators 2. Regularity properties of surface potentials 3. Boundary-value problems for the scalar Helmholtz equation 4. Boundary-value problems for the time-harmonic Maxwell equations and the vector Helmholtz equation 5. Low frequency behavior of solutions to boundary-value problems in scattering theory 6. The inverse scattering problem: exact data 7. Improperly posed problems and compact families 8. The determination of the shape of an obstacle from inexact far-field data 9. Optimal control problems in radiation and scattering theory References Index.
Risk factors for postoperative delirium in elderly urological patients: A meta-analysis

Background: Avoiding postoperative delirium (POD) can have a significant detrimental effect on the rehabilitation and prognosis of elderly urological patients. It is necessary to explore the risk factors associated with POD in elderly urology to provide a basis for clinical recognition of delirium. Methods: For relevant studies, we comprehensively searched Embase, MEDLINE, Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The search deadline was September 2021. Results: We identified 2046 studies, 8 of which were included in the ultimate analysis. A total of 8 articles, including 356 cases in the delirium group and 1813 cases in the non-delirium group, were included in the relevant literature. The 2 groups mentioned above differed significantly in the following factors: history of delirium (odds ratio [OR] = 6.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63–29.86, P = .009); Preoperative use of psychotropic drugs (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.11–3.52, P = .02); age (OR = 3.10, 95% CI: 2.08–4.12, P < .0001). The meta-analysis demonstrated that smoking, alcohol consumption, gender (male), mode of anesthesia (general anesthesia) and being unmarried did not have a significant effect on POD in elderly urological patients. Conclusion: The risk factors for POD in elderly urological patients include history of delirium, preoperative use of psychotropic drugs, and age. The present study provides guidance for taking targeted preventive measures to reduce risks.
Impact of Glomerulitis on Long-term Outcomes After Kidney Transplantation

Background. The Banff classification scheme provides a framework for interpreting transplant kidney biopsies and has undergone various updates in the past 2 decades especially related to antibody-mediated rejection. The clinical significance of early glomerulitis seen within 4 mo on protocol biopsies has received limited attention. We hypothesized that early glomerulitis seen on protocol biopsies will lead to significant adverse outcomes as assessed by histopathology and allograft outcome. Methods. A single-center retrospective study of a cohort of patients who underwent protocol biopsies within 4 mo after transplantation with timely follow-up protocol biopsies were assessed. Patients with recurrent glomerulonephritis were excluded. Results. We calculated glomerulitis (g) scores for 2212 biopsy specimens and identified 186 patients with glomerulitis (g > 0) and 2026 patients without glomerulitis (g = 0). The progression to chronic transplant glomerulopathy at 1 and 2 y was higher in patients with g > 0 as compared with g = 0 (year 1, 10.7% versus 2.3% [P < 0.001]‚ respectively; year 2, 17.2% versus 4.3% [P < 0.001], respectively) with no difference in other chronic lesions. The death-censored graft failure rate was higher in patients with g > 0 as compared with g = 0 (hazard ratio, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.07-2.65]; P = 0.02). We did not find any difference in outcomes in glomerulitis group based on donor-specific antibody. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that early glomerulitis (seen within 4 mo after transplantation) may lead to clinically significant long-term changes and thus could be a target for early intervention therapies.
Meta-analysis of the efficacy of probiotics to treat diarrhea

Background: To collect the published trials of probiotics in the treatment of diarrhea and to strictly evaluate and systematically analyze the efficacy of probiotics use for the prevention and treatment of patients with diarrhea. Methods: We searched domestic and foreign literature published between January 2016 and July 2022 to find randomized control trials that used probiotics to treat diarrhea. Only studies published in English were considered. The quality of the included literatures was assessed by using the methods provided in the Cochrane Handbook. Valid data were extracted and analyzed by meta- analysis using the Software RevMan5.2. Results: Total 16 trials and 1585 patients were included. The results of the meta- analysis showed that in comparison with the simple Western medicine treatment group or placebo, the added use of probiotics could improve stool frequency, stool morphology, and related irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. Conclusion: The added use of probiotics can further improve clinical outcomes in the patients with diarrhea; however, the implementation of larger and higher quality clinical trials is necessary to verify this conclusion.
THz gas sensing with submillimeter techniques (Invited Paper)

There has been considerable interest in the use of the Submillimeter/THz (SMM/THz) spectral region for gas analysis and detection. This has been driven both by the importance of the application and the THz-TDS community. In this paper we will discuss and compare the attributes of an attractive alternative: cw submillimeter spectroscopy. Particular attention will be paid to sensitivity, specificity, and the investigations of harsh environments. A particularly simple system approach, the FAst Scan Submillimeter Spectroscopy Technique (FASSST), will be discussed and a compact and potentially very low cost implementation described. Results will be presented which include the analyses of complex mixtures of gases with absolute specificity.
PBCAT–PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE CRASH ANALYSIS TOOL VERSION 3.0

Pedestrians, bicyclists, and other nonmotorist road users account for a growing share of all U.S. traffic fatalities in recent decades (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 2019). An even larger number of nonmotorists are seriously injured each year in collisions involving motor vehicles. Addressing these issues requires a national, collaborative, and comprehensive approach to nonmotorized road user safety.
Effects of Piñon-Juniper Woodland Thinning on Avian Communities in the Arkansas River Valley, Colorado

Papers published in these proceedings were submitted by authors in electronic media. Editing was done for readability and to ensure consistent format and style. Authors are responsible for content and accuracy of their individual papers and the quality of illustrative materials. Opinions expressed may not necessarily reflect the position of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Effects of Piñon-Juniper Woodland Thinning on Avian Communities in the Arkansas River Valley, Colorado
Perceptual Evaluation of Common Line Variables for Displaying Uncertainty on Molecular Surfaces

Data are often subject to some degree of uncertainty, whether aleatory or epistemic. This applies both to experimental data acquired with sensors as well as to simulation data. Displaying these data and their uncertainty faithfully is crucial for gaining knowledge. Speciﬁcally, the effective communication of the uncertainty can inﬂuence the interpretation of the data and the users’ trust in the visualization. However, uncertainty-aware visualization has gotten little attention in molecular visualization. When using the established molecular representations, the physicochemical attributes of the molecular data usually already occupy the common visual channels like shape, size, and color. Consequently, to encode uncertainty information, we need to open up another channel by using feature lines. Even though various line variables have been proposed for uncertainty visualizations, they have so far been primarily used for two-dimensional data and there has been little perceptual evaluation. Therefore, we conducted a perceptual study to determine the suitability of the line variables sketchiness, dashing, grayscale, and width for distinguishing several uncertainty values on molecular surfaces.
Building Comparable Corpora for Assessing Multi-Word Term Alignment

Recent work has demonstrated the importance of dealing with Multi-Word Terms (MWTs) in several Natural Language Processing applications. In particular, MWTs pose serious challenges for alignment and machine translation systems because of their syntactic and semantic properties. Thus, developing algorithms that handle MWTs is becoming essential for many NLP tasks. However, the availability of bilingual and more generally multi-lingual resources is limited, especially for low-resourced languages and in specialized domains. In this paper, we propose an approach for building comparable corpora and bilingual term dictionaries that help evaluate bilingual term alignment in comparable corpora. To that aim, we exploit parallel corpora to perform automatic bilingual MWT extraction and comparable corpus construction. Parallel information helps to align bilingual MWTs and makes it easier to build comparable specialized sub-corpora. Experimental validation on an existing dataset and on manually annotated data shows the interest of the proposed methodology.
Introduction To Molecular Beams Gas Dynamics

Gas Properties The Non-Equilibrium Equations and the Relaxation of the Internal Degrees of Freedom The Fundamental Equations of Gas Dynamics Isoentropic Flow. Characteristic Lines The Method of Characteristics The Shock Waves The Flow in Nozzles and Jets The Supersonic Free Jet Application of the Boltzmann Equation to a Jet of Monoatomic Gas Characterization of a Particle Source and Extraction of the Molecular Beam The Condensation in a Supersonic Free Jet
ARCHITECTING A CLOUD-NATIVE DATA ANALYSIS APPLICATION FOR ETDS

: In this paper, we present a Cloud-native data analysis application and its architecture. This application was developed for librarians to explore useful information from the ETDs preserved in the Virginia Tech digital repository - VTechWorks. We realized the Cloud-native concepts by architecting a serverless architecture with microservices and managed services as backend, and deployed the entire application on Amazon Web Services (AWS). We detail our architecture strategies, decisions we made, and the best practices we followed. Furthermore, we share the lessons learned and cloud benefits we have gained. We believe that our proposed approach could be adopted by other ETD systems, e.g., NDLTD, and could be of benefit to the broader community.
Deep reinforcement learning for real-world quadrupedal locomotion: a comprehensive review

Building controllers for legged robots with agility and intelligence has been one of the typical challenges in the pursuit of artificial intelligence (AI). As an important part of the AI field, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) can realize sequential decision making without physical modeling through end-to-end learning and has achieved a series of major breakthroughs in quadrupedal locomotion research. In this review article, we systematically organize and summarize relevant important literature, covering DRL algorithms from problem setting to advanced learning methods. These algorithms alleviate the specific problems encountered in the practical application of robots to a certain extent. We first elaborate on the general development trend in this field from several aspects, such as the DRL algorithms, simulation environments, and hardware platforms. Moreover, core components in the algorithm design, such as state and action spaces, reward functions, and solutions to reality gap problems, are highlighted and summarized. We further discuss open problems and propose promising future research directions to discover new areas of research.
Quantum Mechanics with Chaos: Correspondence Principle, Measurement and Complexity

The true dynamical randomness is obtained as a natural fundamental property of deterministic quantum systems. It provides quantum chaos passing to the classical dynamical chaos under the ordinary semiclassical transition, which extends the correspondence principle to chaotic systems. In return one should accept the modified form of quantum formalism (presented by the Schroedinger equation) which, however, does not contradict the ordinary form and the main postulates of quantum mechanics. It introduces the principle of the fundamental dynamic multivaluedness (redundance) extending the quantum paradigm to complex dynamical behaviour. Moreover, a causal solution to the well-known problems of the foundation of quantum mechanics, those of quantum indeterminacy and wave reduction, is also found using the same method. The concept of the fundamental dynamic uncertainty thus established is universal in character and provides a unified scheme of the complete description of arbitrary complex system of any origin (physics/9806002). This scheme incorporates, in particular, universal definitions of complexity, (non)integrability, and general solution, as well as the physically complete notion of probability. One obtains thus a self-consistent hierarchic picture of the world characterised by a (high) non-zero complexity and containing the intrinsic causal randomness, where the causally extended quantum mechanics can be consistently interpreted as several lowest levels of complexity (quant-ph/990215,16).
Effect of Leg Half-Squat Training With Blood Flow Restriction Under Different External Loads on Strength and Vertical Jumping Performance in Well-Trained Volleyball Players

Purpose To examine the effect of blood flow restriction resistance training under different external loads on the muscle strength and vertical jumping performance in volleyball players. Methods 18 well-trained collegiate male volleyball players were randomly divided into 3 groups: high-load resistance training group (HL-RT, 70% 1RM, n = 6), low-load blood flow restriction resistance training group (LL-BFR-RT, 30% 1RM, 50% arterial occlusion, n = 6), and high-load blood flow restriction resistance training group (HL-BFR-RT, 70% 1RM, 50% arterial occlusion, n = 6). Participants performed leg half-squat exercise 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Measurements of Isokinetic peak torque of knee extension and flexion, 1RM leg half-squat, squat jump, and 3 footed take-off were obtained before and after training. A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine differences among the 3 groups and between the 2 testing time (pre-test vs post-test). Results (1) The HL-RT group was significantly greater in muscle strength than that in the LL-BFR-RT group (P < .05), but no improvement in vertical jumping performance (P >.05). (2) Improvement in muscle strength and vertical jumping performance was significantly greater in the HL-BFR-RT group than that in the LL-BFR-RT group (P <.05). (3) The HL-BFR-RT group had greater but not significant improvement in muscle strength and vertical jumping performance than that in the HL-RT group. Conclusions Although increases in muscle strength were observed between training groups, HL-BFR-RT increased not only muscle strength but vertical jumping performance to a greater extent compared to LL-BFR-RT and HL-RT.
Background-Annihilated Target-Constrained Interference-Minimized Filter (TCIMF) for Hyperspectral Target Detection

The target-constrained interference-minimized filter (TCIMF) has been widely used in various target detection applications for hyperspectral data exploitation. However, like other classic target detection algorithms, the complex background (BKG) of a scene significantly impacts its performance. To better cope with BKG, this article develops a BKG-annihilated TCIMF (BA-TCIMF) that can be implemented in two stages with BKG annihilation in the first stage followed by target detectability (TD) enhancement and target BKG suppression performed by TCIMF in the second stage. In particular, the second stage extracts additional BKG signatures from the BA data as unwanted signatures to enhance TD via orthogonal subspace projection (OSP) while suppressing target BKG in the BA data by constrained energy minimization (CEM). Depending upon how these two stages are carried out, three versions of BA-TCIMF, data sphered BA-TCIMF (DS-BA-TCIMF), low-rank and sparse matrix decomposition (LRaSMD) BA-TCIMF (LRaSMD-BA-TCIMF), and component decomposition analysis-BA-TCIMF (CDA-BA-TCIMF), are derived. Experimental results demonstrate that BA-TCIMF performs as it is designed and better than many existing target detection algorithms.
Exposure of Zero-Dose Children to Multiple Deprivation: Analyses of Data from 80 Low- and Middle-Income Countries

The concept of multiple deprivation recognizes that the same individuals, households, and communities are often exposed to several forms of scarcity. We assessed whether lack of immunization is also associated with nutritional, environmental, and educational outcomes. We analyzed data from nationally representative surveys from 80 low- and middle-income countries with information on no-DPT (children aged 12–23 months without any doses of a diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus containing vaccine), stunting, wasting, maternal education and use of contraception, improved water and sanitation, and long-lasting insecticidal nets. Analyses of how these characteristics overlap were performed at individual and ecological levels. Principal component analyses (PCA) provided additional information on indicator clustering. In virtually all analyses, no-DPT children were significantly more likely to be exposed to the other markers for deprivation. The strongest, most consistent associations were found with maternal education, water, and sanitation, while the weakest associations were found for wasting and bed nets. No-DPT prevalence reached 46.1% in the most deprived quintile from first PCA component derived from deprivation indicators. All children were immunized in the two least deprived quintiles of the component. Our analyses provide strong support for the hypothesis that unimmunized children are also affected by other forms of deprivation.
Diffuse X-Ray Emission Around High-Redshift, Radio-Loud Qsos

We announce the detection of correlations on angular scales of $\ga10'$ between optically bright, high-redshift, radio-loud QSOs with diffuse X-ray emission seen by ROSAT in the {\it All-Sky Survey}. These correlations reach significance levels of up to $99.8\%$. A comparison of the results with a sample of control fields, bootstrapping analyses, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests provide unambiguous support for the statistical significance of the correlations found. We argue that the detected enhanced diffuse X-ray emission is in the foreground of the QSOs, and that it is probably due to galaxy clusters which magnify the QSOs by their gravitational lensing effect, thereby giving rise to a magnification bias in the background source sample. A comparison of the results presented below with correlations previously found between the same QSO sample and either Lick or IRAS galaxies provides further evidence for this interpretation, and identifies positions in the sky where weak gravitational lensing may be detected by searching for coherent distortions of background galaxy images.