Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fabric evolution within shear bands of granular materials and its relation to critical state theory

In an effort to study the relation of fabrics to the critical states of granular aggregates, the discrete element method (DEM) is used to investigate the evolution of fabrics of virtual granular materials consisting of 2D elongated particles. Specimens with a great variety of initial fabrics in terms of void ratios, preferred particle orientations, and intensities of fabric anisotropy were fabricated and tested with direct shear and biaxial compression tests. During loading of a typical specimen, deformation naturally localizes within shear bands while the remaining of the sample stops deforming. Thus, studying the evolution of fabric requires performing continuous local fabric measurements inside these bands, a suitable task for the proposed DEM methodology. It is found that a common ultimate/critical state is eventually reached by all specimens regardless of their initial states. The ultimate/critical state is characterized by a critical void ratio e which depends on the mean stress p, while the other critical state fabric variables related to particle orientations are largely independent of p. These findings confirm the uniqueness of the critical state line in the e − p space, and show that the critical state itself is necessarily anisotropic. Additional findings include the following: (1) shear bands are highly heterogeneous and critical states exist only in a statistical sense; (2) critical states can only be reached at very large local shear deformations, which are not always obtained by biaxial compression tests (both physical and numerical); (3) the fabric evolution processes are very complex and highly dependent on the initial fabrics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Unified KBM Method for Obtaining the Second Approximate Solution of a Third Order Weakly Non-linear Differential System with Strong Damping and Slowly Varying Coefficients

To obtain the second order approximate solution of a third order weakly nonlinear ordinary differential system with strong damping and slowly varying coefficients modeling a damped oscillatory process is considered based on the extension of a unified Krylov-Bogoliubov- Mitropolskii (KBM) method. The asymptotic solution for different initial conditions shows a good coincidence with those obtained by the numerical procedure for obtaining the transient’s response. The method is illustrated by an example. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jbas.v35i1. 7973 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol.35, No.1, 77-89, 2011
Regular maps with small parameters

Abstract Regular maps of type {p, q}r and the associated groups Gp,q,r are considered for small values for p, q and r. In particular, it is shown that the groups G4,6,6 and G5,5,6 are Abelian-by-infinite, and there are infinitely many regular maps of each of the types {4, 6}6, {5, 5}6, {5, 6}6 and {6, 6}6.
Evolution of Anisotropy in Charged Fluids

A computer program has been written to simulate the conditions of the early universe and to test a new idea in the mechanism of structure formation observed in our universe today. The model utilises Newtonian hydrodynamic equations including gravitational and electromagnetic forces in two spatial dimensions. It is proposed that augmenting gravitational forces with plasma forces will complement the problematic Big Bang theory of structure formation which relies on gravity alone. Two sets of initial conditions are tested and the products of the simulation are analysed in a statistical way using power spectra and the two-point correlation function. Differences in the initial conditions were not seen to produce significantly different results. The results show that the Hubble expansion term significantly reduces power in the gravity models but plasma forces can retain power better than similar gravitationonly models. Initial velocity perturbations significantly modify the power spectrum gradient in the higher modes. Some power spectra displayed a definite bend in gradient at a scale which is verified by galaxy survey observations. Plasma forces also appear to cluster matter on smaller scales more efficiently than gravity alone. Thus, this simulation lays a foundation for a more detailed and realistic model that may be compared with real matter distribution observations.
Community intervention to prevent adolescent health behavior problems: Evaluation of communities that care in Australia.

OBJECTIVE A major challenge for health psychologists is to ensure the implementation of evidence-based interventions to improve population health. To reduce high rates of adolescent alcohol use and related health problems, trials of the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention process were implemented in Australia beginning in 2001. The process assists communities to strategically plan and monitor implementation of evidence-based preventative interventions. This article reports an evaluation of the effects in the first four Australian communities that completed the process. METHOD Trends were examined based on self-report surveys completed by 41,328 adolescents (average age 13.5 years, 51.7% female) across 109 municipal localities between 1999 and 2015. Multilevel modeling compared the 5 localities where the 4 coalitions completed the CTC process with the remaining 104 localities for trends in adolescent reports of lifetime alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use and past year antisocial behavior. RESULTS Relative to Australian trends, adolescents in CTC localities reported significantly steeper annual reductions in any lifetime alcohol (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.94, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = [0.93, 0.95]), tobacco (AOR = 0.97, CI [0.96, 0.99]), cannabis use (AOR = 0.96, CI [0.93, 0.98]) and antisocial behavior (unstandardized regression coefficient [B] = -0.001, CI [-0.002, 0.000]). CONCLUSION Implementation of the CTC process in Australia was associated with more rapid community reductions in adolescent health behavior problems. Supporting community coalitions to adopt evidence-based interventions appears a feasible means for health psychologists to improve the health of large adolescent populations and prevent related chronic health problems in later life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Transparent and highly conductive films of ZnO prepared by rf reactive magnetron sputtering

Highly conductive films of zinc oxide have been prepared by reactive rf magnetron sputtering from an oxide target. Film conductivities ranging from ∼10−8 Ω−1 cm−1 to 5×102 Ω−1 cm−1 can be obtained depending on the sputter conditions. Films with sheet resistivities of 85 Ω/⧠ showed little absorption and ∼90% transmission between λ = 4000→8000 A. A second low power discharge at the substrate is used to initiate growth of the highly conducting material on room‐temperature substrates. Thus, during the deposition of insultating ZnO, turning on this second discharge causes the deposition to ’’switch’’ from low conductivity to high conductivity material. This is of particular interest in the fabrication of semiconductor‐insulator‐semiconductor solar cells where precise control over the thickness of the insulating layer is necessary and where a highly transparent and conductive window‐junction layer is required.
Effect of electron irradiation on the electrical properties of fibers of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes

We carried out in situ resistivity measurements on macroscopic oriented ropes of single wall carbon nanotubes in a transmission electron microscope. We have found a minimum in the resistivity as a function of irradiation dose. This minimum is interpreted as a result of a twofold effect of the irradiation: the domination of covalent bond formation between tubes in a bundle due to broken bonds in the tube walls and the amorphization of the sample at high dose. Despite this improvement, the temperature dependence of the resistivity remains hopping-like.
Magnetic birefringence in copper and zinc ferrite-based ionic magnetic fluids

The static magnetic birefringence (SMB) of copper and zinc ferrite ionic magnetic fluids (IMFs) were investigated within the oscillating dipole-interaction anisotropy concept. The model was extended to include the magnetic texture of the contributing particle agglomerates and the field dependence of the magnetic permeability. The SMB data of samples containing particle concentration in the range of 1/spl times/10/sup 16/ to 5/spl times/10/sup 16/ particle/cm/sup 3/ were successfully described.
Best of Both Distortion Worlds

We study the problem of designing voting rules that take as input the ordinal preferences of n agents over a set of n alternatives and output a single alternative, aiming to optimize the overall happiness of the agents. The input to the voting rule is each agent's ranking of the alternatives from most to least preferred, yet the agents have more refined (cardinal) preferences that capture the intensity with which they prefer one alternative over another. To quantify the extent to which voting rules can optimize over the cardinal preferences given access only to the ordinal ones, prior work has used the distortion measure, i.e., the worst-case approximation ratio between a voting rule's performance and the best performance achievable given the cardinal preferences. The work on the distortion of voting rules has been largely divided into two "worlds": utilitarian distortion and metric distortion. In the former, the cardinal preferences of the agents correspond to general utilities and the goal is to maximize a normalized social welfare. In the latter, the agents' cardinal preferences correspond to costs given by distances in an underlying metric space and the goal is to minimize the (unnormalized) social cost. Several deterministic and randomized voting rules have been proposed and evaluated for each of these worlds separately, gradually improving the achievable distortion bounds, but none of the known voting rules perform well in both worlds simultaneously. In this work, we prove that one can in fact achieve the "best of both worlds" by designing new voting rules, both deterministic and randomized, that simultaneously achieve near-optimal distortion guarantees in both distortion worlds. We also prove that this positive result does not generalize to the case where the voting rule is provided with the rankings of only the top-t alternatives of each agent, for t < m, and study the extent to which such best-of-both-worlds guarantees can be achieved.
Reduction Strategies and Equivalence 1 Reduction Strategies

Two common reduction strategies for the λ-calculus are normal order and applicative order. Under the normal order reduction strategy, the leftmost-outermost redex is always the next to be reduced. By leftmostoutermost, we mean that if e1 and e2 are redexes in a term and e1 is a subterm of e2, then e1 will not be reduced next; and among those redexes that are not subterms of other redexes, which are all pairwise incomparable with respect to the subterm relation, the leftmost one is chosen for reduction. It is known that if a term has a normal form at all, then normal order reduction will converge to it.
Reassessment of Effect of Dust Erosion on Heatshield of Mars Entry Vehicle

A computation is performed to assess the surface erosion due to dust particle impact for the Mars 2001 Lander vehicle. A previous study on a Mars aerocapture vehicle indicated that a signi cant amount of dust erosion would take place. The present calculation uses a three-dimensional Navier–Stokes  ow solver and a more sophisticated atmospheric dust model to provide inputs for the dust erosion algorithm. The new dust model predicts a lower mass mixing ratio and a smaller average dust particle size than previous models. The computed surface erosion on the Mars 2001 Lander vehicle is found to be negligible.
Deep inelastic scattering at the energy frontier

An introduction is given to the physics with the Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC), a new generation ep and eA collider exploring the accelerator energy frontier with a prospect to the FCC‐he. The LHeC is designed to become the finest new microscope for substructure of matter worldwide exploring new physics, and the next accelerator to study the Higgs boson, which will enable the LHC to be transformed into a precision physics facility of increased value.
Short-time DNS queries forecasting from the users’ and servers’ points of view, using deep learning and a pre-trained word embedding

Word embeddings are used in natural language processing to group semantically similar words. In this paper, we create word embeddings for Internet Domain Names (DNS) from corpora of anonymized DNS queries from an Internet Service Provider. We use each embedding as a layer of a recurrent neural network (RNN) that works as a Language Model for the DNS queries generated by the users. We use these RNNs to predict the next DNS query in two diﬀerent cases. A ﬁrst case tries to predict the next domain query from the DNS server’s point of view so the corpus is close to the original log data (see [1]). A second case tries to predict the next domain queried by a user from the user’s point of view. Here the corpus has larger preprocessing. We show that this procedure has good accuracy for the DNS server-side problem, but low accuracy for the user-side problem. Moreover, we show that training the same RNN without using the pre-trained embedding takes more time and is substantially less accurate. These results have practical applications for the service’s latency reduction, cache optimization in recursive DNS servers, automatic ﬁltering of inappropriate domains, and detecting anomalies.
Detection of Brucellosis in Bali Cattle (Bos Sondaicus) in Bolo District, Bima Regency

This study aims to determine the incidence of Brucellosis in Bali cattle in Bolo district, Bima regency, based on serological tests (seroprevalence). The sample used in this study was cattle serum. Serum samples were obtained from 70 Bali cattle aged over one year. The detection method, namely the Rose Bengal Test, detects the incidence of Brucellosis. Samples in the form of serum are reacted with Brucella sp. antigen to see antibodies in the serum. The working principle of the Rose Bengal Test is to see whether there is agglutination or not. The results of this study will be an indicator to determine the presence or absence of Brucellosis in Bali cattle in Bolo district, Bima regency. Then the monitoring and control can be established by relevant stakeholders, especially the Livestock and Animal Health Service of Bima Regency. The data obtained from serum samples that describe the positive or negative for Brucellosis is presented descriptively by explaining each sample origin's seropositive and seronegative results. The results showed that in all samples from Bali cattle in the District of Bolo, as many as 70 samples reacted negatively to the Rose Bengal Test. This result indicates that the cattle on Sumbawa Island are not infected with Brucellosis.
Conformal doping mechanism for fin field effect transistors by self-regulatory plasma doping with AsH3 plasma diluted with He

Key parameters for achieving n-type conformal doping desirable for source/drain extension regions of Si n-channel fin field effect transistors (FinFETs) have been determined for self-regulatory plasma doping using an AsH3 plasma diluted with He. Two-dimensional scanning spreading resistance microscopy revealed that this technique is advantageous for conformal doping of fin structures. An excellent resistivity conformality was obtained with the ratio of the resistivity of fin sidewall to that of the fin top surface being 0.85. A high total gas flow rate and a high AsH3 concentration were found to be important conditions for realizing conformal doping. The results revealed that a short gas residence time and high molar concentrations of AsH3 and He in the process chamber are essential physical parameters for realizing large amounts of dopant species with finite decomposition times. When these conditions are realized, a sufficiently large amount of As is supplied to both the top surface and the sidewall so t.
Electric Vehicles Charging Dispatch and Optimal Bidding for Frequency Regulation Based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Decision Making

The spread of electric vehicles (EVs) could reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve sustainable travel patterns. However, the rapidly increasing charging demand will bring challenges to the operation of charging stations and power systems. Therefore, a two-stage EV management scheme is introduced in this article to overcome these challenges and promote sustainable transport. A charging dispatch model based on fuzzy multicriteria decision making is proposed in the first stage, where users' preferences are in the form of intuitionistic fuzzy sets to address the fuzziness and uncertainty of subjective factors and human judgment. A $\sigma$-cut similarity matrix is proposed to increase the users' satisfaction by excluding options with lower similarity. In the second stage, a noncooperative game model is proposed to incentive EVs to participate in supplementary frequency regulation (SFR). A fuzzy set is employed to reflect users' willingness to adjust charging power. The existence and uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium are investigated. Moreover, a distributed proximal best response algorithm with linear convergence is employed to find Nash equilibrium. Numerical simulations indicate that the proposed method can reduce charging costs while meeting users' preferences and facilitate EVs to participate in SFR.
Synthesizing Instruction Selection Rewrite Rules from RTL using SMT

Creating a compiler for an instruction set architecture (ISA) requires a set of rewrite rules describing how to translate from the compiler's intermediate representation (IR) to the ISA. We address this challenge by synthesizing rewrite rules from a register-transfer level (RTL) description of the target architecture (with minimal annotations about its state and the ISA format), together with formal IR semantics, by constructing SMT queries where solutions represent valid rewrite rules. We evaluate our approach on multiple architectures, supporting both integer and floating-point operations. We synthesize both integer and floating-point rewrite rules from an intermediate representation to various reconfigurable array architectures in under 1.2 seconds per rule. We also synthesize integer rewrite rules from WebAssembly to RISC-V with both standard and custom extensions in under 4 seconds per rule, and we synthesize floating-point rewrite rules in under 8 seconds per rule.
Ultradiscrete KdV Equation

We propose an ultradiscrete KdV equation in a coupled form and a Miura transformation relating it to the ultradiscrete Lotka-Volterra equation. Moreover we show that the ultradiscrete KdV equation under an appropriate boundary condition is equivalent to Takahashi's soliton cellular automaton.
Distributed Markov Chain Redesign for Multiagent Decision-Making Problems

In this article, we consider the problem of modifying in a distributed way the transition probabilities of a Markov chain over an undirected graph in order to achieve a desired limiting distribution, while minimizing the variation from the current weights. This problem setting could be used to model a (graph-based) distributed decision-making process where static agents, e.g., elements of Internet of Things (IoT) networks, are required to achieve a common objective while adapting to different operational conditions, e.g., monitoring of time-varying and spatial-varying phenomena. This could be effectively used to describe several applications settings, ranging from sensor-network-based border patrolling to IoT-based environmental precision farming. In this context, our contribution is threefold: 1) we show that, under the assumption that a global optimal solution exists, then such a solution can be computed by solving a relaxed problem, where the irreducibility and aperiodicity constraints are lifted; 2) we derive an algebraic optimality condition for the relaxed problem; and 3) we design a distributed algorithm that provably converges towards this optimality condition.
Fuzzy finish time modeling for project scheduling

This research aims at developing a new fuzzy activity finish time estimation model for project scheduling management. With the application of the fuzzy quality function deployment (FQFD) and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) methods, the degree of fuzziness for every project activity is calculated in accordance with considerations of project uncertainties. These uncertainties are measured by the risk level of such project-related characteristics as time limit, activity start time, budget, manpower, technological difficulty, and facility requirements. In this paper, rather than applying the de-fuzzification technique to obtain the crisp activity duration for project scheduling, the fuzzy finish time estimation method for every activity is proposed based on the degree of fuzziness. The corresponding fuzzy activity duration time plot is also developed in a new fuzzy Gantt chart. The proposed model can provide a reasonable fuzzy finish time estimation for every activity, while most scheduling methods only provide the finish time of the entire project. Compared to existing models, this time estimation model and its corresponding Gantt chart are predicted to have higher reliability and practical application in project management and scheduling.
Error Correction Code Algorithm and Implementation Verification Using Symbolic Representations

Error-correction codes (ECCs) are becoming a de rigueur feature in modern memory subsystems, as it becomes increasingly important to safeguard data against random bit corruption. ECC architecture constantly evolves towards designs that leverage complex mathematics to minimize check-bits and maximize the number of data bits protected, as a result of which subtle bugs may be introduced into the design. These algorithms traverse a vast data space and are subject to corner case bugs which are hard to catch through constraint-based randomized testing. This necessitates formal verification of ECC designs to assure correctness of the algorithm and its hardware implementation. In this paper we present a technique of representing various ECC algorithm outputs as Boolean equations in the form of Boolean Decision Diagrams (BDDs) to facilitate reasoning about the algorithms. We also discuss the counting and generation of examples from the BDD representations and how it aids in tuning ECC algorithms for performance and security. Additionally, we display the use of Symbolic Trajectory Evaluation (STE) to prove the correctness of register transfer level (RTL) implementations of these algorithms. We discuss the scaling up of this verification methodology, using different complexity and convergence techniques. We apply these techniques to a number of complex ECC designs at Intel and showcase their efficacy on several categories of bugs.
On-Line Condition Monitoring System for DC-Link Capacitor of Back-to-Back Converters Using Large-Signal Transients

The increasing use of power electronic equipment and the importance of their continuous and correct operation have attracted remarkable attention to the condition monitoring of power electronic converters. Since capacitors are the leading cause of power electronic converters failure, this article attempts to attain a solution to monitor the condition of the dc-link capacitor in a three-phase back-to-back converter using the stimulated measurable transients. The proposed method works based on the temporary change of switching logic and the measurement of the dc-link voltage and converter input phase current transients. By processing the measured signals, the capacitance of the capacitor is calculated as an indicator of its degradation. The results of simulations and experimental studies are presented to verify the proficiency of the proposed method. Based on the results, the calculated capacitance is consistent with the value measured by an LCR meter with an estimation error of less than 1%.