Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relationship between dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids in school-aged children from the ALSPAC cohort.

An adequate intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) plays a vital role in human health. Therefore, it is important to assess PUFA intakes in different populations and validate them with biomarkers, but only a few small studies are in paediatric populations. We calculated the dietary intake of PUFAs and their main food sources in children and assessed associations between reported PUFA intakes and plasma proportions. Dietary intakes of 7-year-old children (n=8,242) enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were calculated from parental-completed food frequency questionnaire. Plasma PUFAs were measured in 5,571 children 8 months later and 4,380 children had complete dietary and plasma data. The association between dietary and plasma PUFAs proportions were estimated using Spearman’s correlation coefficients, quintile cross-classification and Cohen’s kappa coefficients. Mean total PUFA intake was 13.2g/day (sd4.2), contributing 6.5% of total energy intake; n-6 PUFA contributed 5.2% and n-3 PUFA 0.7%. The n-6:n-3 ratio was 7.9:1. Mean intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were 35.7mg/day and 49.7mg/day, respectively. Most n-3 and n-6 PUFA intakes were weakly correlated with their respective plasma lipids (0.07≤ r ≤0.16, p<0.001). The correlation between dietary and plasma DHA was stronger though (r=0.34, p<0.001), supported by a modest level of agreement between quintiles (k=0.32). The results indicate that the FFQ was able to reasonably rank the long-chain PUFA, DHA, in this paediatric population. Public health initiatives need to address the suboptimal ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFAs and very low n-3 long-chain PUFA intakes in school-aged children in the UK. data 2008/9 towards recommended guidelines for fat intakes, including an increase in n-3 related to relatively small in absolute Our results showed weak-to-moderate correlations between dietary and plasma PUFAs, consistent with results from previous studies comparing dietary PUFA intakes with tissue biomarkers in adults (23; 24; 26; 51) and paediatric populations (27; 28; 29; 30; 52) . A study of 0–11-year-olds from the USA compared FFQ estimates with the PUFA content of erythrocyte membranes and reported a correlation of 0.16 (p<0.001) for n-6 PUFAs, 0.25 (p=0.001) for n-3 PUFAs and 0.38 (p<0.001) for total marine PUFAs (30) , which is comparable to the correlations of these PUFA subtypes observed in our study. An Australian study in 47 healthy-weight children found moderate correlations between total dietary n-3 PUFAs (r=0.22) and EPA (r=0.24) and their respective concentrations in erythrocyte membranes but no correlation with DHA (27) . Two studies in children observed higher correlations than in this study between dietary and tissue PUFAs for total n-6 and LA (r ranging from 0.3 to 0.4) (27; 28) . The different correlations reported between studies variations in the type of biomarker
Core Cross‐Linked Polymeric Micelles for Specific Iron Delivery: Inducing Sterile Inflammation in Macrophages

Iron is an essential co‐factor for cellular processes. In the immune system, it can activate macrophages and represents a potential therapeutic for various diseases. To specifically deliver iron to macrophages, iron oxide nanoparticles are embedded in polymeric micelles of reactive polysarcosine‐block‐poly(S‐ethylsulfonyl‐l‐cysteine). Upon surface functionalization via dihydrolipoic acid, iron oxide cores act as crosslinker themselves and undergo chemoselective disulfide bond formation with the surrounding poly(S‐ethylsulfonyl‐l‐cysteine) block, yielding glutathione‐responsive core cross‐linked polymeric micelles (CCPMs). When applied to primary murine and human macrophages, these nanoparticles display preferential uptake, sustained intracellular iron release, and induce a strong inflammatory response. This response is also demonstrated in vivo when nanoparticles are intratracheally administered to wild‐type C57Bl/6N mice. Most importantly, the controlled release concept to deliver iron oxide in redox‐responsive CCPMs induces significantly stronger macrophage activation than any other iron source at identical iron levels (e.g., Feraheme), directing to a new class of immune therapeutics.
Predictors of complementary feeding practices among children aged 6–23 months in five countries in the Middle East and North Africa region

Abstract Ensuring diets of children aged 6–23 months meet recommended guidance is crucial for growth and development and for the prevention of malnutrition including stunting, wasting and micronutrient deficiencies. Despite some improvement, indicators related to undernutrition and overnutrition fall short of global targets in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region that consist of low‐ and middle‐income countries witnessing political and social changes and a nutrition transition. This research aims at reviewing the situation related to the diets of children aged 6–23 months in five selected countries in the MENA region, examining factors affecting complementary feeding and providing recommendations for guiding effective strategies to improve it. The study triangulated data on complementary feeding status and predictors from semistructured interviews with 30 key informants, and multivariable analysis of household surveys in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, State of Palestine and Sudan including data on refugees in Lebanon and Jordan. There remain considerable gaps in complementary feeding differing noticeably among geographic areas. Findings from qualitative and quantitative analyses showed that maternal factors, including maternal education and age, household level factors such as paternal education and wealth, community‐level factors (culture and geographic location), and utilization of health services, were associated with minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF) and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) at varied levels in the five countries. Interventions to improve complementary feeding practices should include actions tailored to the needs of the population at multiple levels including at the caregiver's level, household, service use, community and policy level.
Aclidinium bromide/formoterol fumarate as a treatment for COPD: an update

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aclidinium/formoterol is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) dual bronchodilator used as a maintenance treatment for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The efficacy of aclidinium/formoterol has been demonstrated consistently in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD versus placebo and monocomponents, with a comparable safety profile. Areas covered: This review examines recent research findings that expand our understanding of the impact of aclidinium/formoterol on the burden of COPD. Reviewed outcomes include improvements in lung function, respiratory symptoms, health-related quality of life, exercise tolerance, exacerbation rates, and clinically important deteriorations. In addition, the reported cardiovascular safety of aclidinium and current LAMA/LABA treatment recommendations are discussed. Expert opinion: Aclidinium/formoterol reduces disease burden in patients with COPD, including those that are treatment-naïve, without a significant increase in safety risk compared with monotherapies. Furthermore, evidence supports an improvement in lung function over a 24-hour period with aclidinium/formoterol treatment versus monotherapy and placebo, which may offer an advantage over some once-daily LAMA/LABA combinations. In summary, the recent evidence discussed in this review adds weight to the use of LAMA/LABA combinations as an initial therapy for certain patients newly diagnosed with COPD.
Insights on Bridging Stent Grafts in Fenestrated and Branched Aortic Endografting

Major branches of the aortic arch and visceral aorta pose a particular challenge for endovascular repair of aneurysms involving these regions. To preserve perfusion through these essential branches, fenestrated and branched endografts have been used. Current fenestrated and branched aortic endografts have evolved into modular devices in which the aortic main body provides appropriate access to the target branch vessel either through reinforced fenestrations or directional cuffs as the hinge point for bridging stent grafts (BSGs). BSGs are used to connect the aortic main body and target branch vessel, and must provide both unhindered flow and a seal. Appropriate selection of BSG for target vessels in branched and fenestrated endovascular aortic repair is critical for technical success and durability. At present, there are no dedicated devices for use as BSGs, and a variety of stent grafts are currently used off-label. In this report, we review the available published series on the performance of presently available BSGs in relation to their design and selection.
Variation in radiation dosing among pediatric trauma patients undergoing head computed tomography scan

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. BACKGROUND When head injured children undergo head computed tomography (CT), radiation dosing can vary considerably between institutions, potentially exposing children to excess radiation, increasing risk for malignancies later in life. We compared radiation delivery from head CTs at a level 1 pediatric trauma center (PTC) versus scans performed at referring adult general hospitals (AGHs). We hypothesized that children at our PTC receive a significantly lower radiation dose than children who underwent CT at AGHs for similar injury profiles. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients younger than 18 years who underwent CT for head injury at our PTC or at an AGH before transfer between January 1 and December 31, 2019. We analyzed demographic and clinical data. Our primary outcome was head CT radiation dose, as calculated by volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose-length product (DLP; the product of CTDIvol and scan length). We used unadjusted bivariate and multivariable linear regression (adjusting for age, weight, sex) to compare doses between Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and AGHs. RESULTS Of 429 scans reviewed, 193 were performed at our PTC, while 236 were performed at AGHs. Mean radiation dose administered was significantly lower at our PTC compared with AGHs (CTDIvol 20.3/DLP 408.7 vs. CTDIvol 30.6/DLP 533, p < 0.0001). This was true whether the AGH was a trauma center or not. After adjusting for covariates, findings were similar for both CTDIvol and DLP. Patients who underwent initial CT at an AGH and then underwent a second CT at our PTC received less radiation for the second CT (CTDIvol 25.6 vs. 36.5, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Head-injured children consistently receive a lower radiation dose when undergoing initial head CT at a PTC compared with AGHs. This provides a basis for programs aimed at establishing protocols to deliver only as much radiation as necessary to children undergoing head CT. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Care Management/Therapeutic, level IV.
A Rapid Degradation of Calponin 2 Is Required for Cytokinesis.

Calponin 2 is an actin cytoskeleton-associated protein and plays a role in regulating cell motility-related functions such as phagocytosis, migration and division. We previously reported that the expression of calponin 2 inhibits the rate of cell proliferation. To investigate the underlying mechanism, our present study found that the levels of endogenous calponin 2 in NIH3T3 and HEK293 cells rapidly decreased prior to cell division characterized by an absence at the actin contractile ring. In cells lacking endogenous calponin 2, transfective expression of GFP-fusion calponin 2 inhibited cell proliferation similar to that of non-fusion calponin 2. Fluorescent imaging studies of mitotic cells indicated that a proper level of calponin 2 expression and effective degradation during cytokinesis are necessary for normal cell division. Computer-assisted dynamic image analysis of dividing cells revealed that over-expression of calponin 2 significantly affects motile and shape behaviors of cells only on the interval from the start of anaphase to the start of cytokinesis, i.e., the pre-cytokinesis phase, but not on the interval from the start of cytokinesis to 50% completion of cytokinesis. The pre-cytokinesis degradation of calponin 2 was attenuated by MG132 inhibition of the ubiquitin proteasome and inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), suggesting that PKC phosphorylation-triggered degradation of calponin 2 could determine the rate of cytokinesis. The novel role of calponin 2 in regulating the rate of cytokinesis may be targeted for therapeutic applications such as in an inhibition of malignant tumor growth.
Reinventing the wheel? Reassessing the roles of gene flow, sorting and convergence in repeated evolution

Biologists have long been intrigued by apparently predictable and repetitive evolutionary trajectories inferred across a variety of lineages and systems. In recent years, high‐throughput sequencing analyses have started to transform our understanding of such repetitive shifts. While researchers have traditionally categorized such shifts as either “convergent” or “parallel,” based on relatedness of the lineages involved, emerging genomic insights provide an opportunity to better describe the actual evolutionary mechanisms at play. A synthesis of recent genomic analyses confirms that convergence is the predominant driver of repetitive evolution among species, whereas repeated sorting of standing variation is the major driver of repeated shifts within species. However, emerging data reveal numerous notable exceptions to these expectations, with recent examples of de novo mutations underpinning convergent shifts among even very closely related lineages, while repetitive sorting processes have occurred among even deeply divergent taxa, sometimes via introgression. A number of very recent analyses have found evidence for both processes occurring on different scales within taxa. We suggest that the relative importance of convergent versus sorting processes depends on the interplay between gene flow among populations, and phylogenetic relatedness of the lineages involved.
Extirpated prairie species demonstrate more variable phenological responses to warming than extant congeners.

PREMISE Shifting phenology in response to climate is one mechanism that can promote population persistence and geographic spread; therefore, species with limited ability to phenologically track changing environmental conditions may be more susceptible to population declines. Alternatively, apparently nonresponding species may demonstrate divergent responses to multiple environmental conditions experienced across seasons. METHODS Capitalizing on herbarium records from across the midwestern United States and on detailed botanical surveys documenting local extinctions over the past century, we investigated whether extirpated and extant taxa differ in their phenological responses to temperature and precipitation during winter and spring (during flowering and the growing season before flowering) or in the magnitude of their flowering time shift over the past century. RESULTS Although warmer temperatures across seasons advanced flowering, extirpated and extant species differed in the magnitude of their phenological responses to winter and spring warming. Extirpated species demonstrated inconsistent phenological responses to warmer spring temperatures, whereas extant species consistently advanced flowering in response to warmer spring temperatures. In contrast, extirpated species advanced flowering more than extant species in response to warmer winter temperatures. Greater spring precipitation tended to delay flowering for both extirpated and extant taxa. Finally, both extirpated and extant taxa delayed flowering over time. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of understanding phenological responses to seasonal warming and indicates that extirpated species may demonstrate more variable phenological responses to temperature than extant congeners, a finding consistent with the hypothesis that appropriate phenological responses may reduce species' likelihood of extinction.
Robust Matrix Completion With Column Outliers

Matrix completion, in essence, involves recovering a low-rank matrix from a subset of its entries. Most existing methods for matrix completion neglect two significant issues. First, in several practical applications, such as collaborative filtering, some samples may be corrupted completely. However, most of the robust algorithms consider only the condition that a few components of each column have been arbitrarily contaminated. Second, many real data are not static in nature. Nevertheless, the conventional batch-based matrix completion methods cannot efficiently deal with the out-of-sample, that is, the vector completion problem. In this article, we first provide a novel robust matrix completion model and then develop an efficient optimization method that only requires conducting one time singular value decomposition for a thin matrix per iteration. Furthermore, by exploiting the essence of online matrix completion algorithms, we develop a vector completion model which can help users predict the missing values of out of sample. Numerical comparisons with traditional batch-based and online matrix completion algorithms demonstrate the benefits of the proposed method on streaming data corrupted by column outliers. Moreover, we show that our model can be used to detect outliers from incomplete information. This advantage is validated via numerous experimental results on synthetic and real-world data.
Dissecting dietary melanoidins: formation mechanisms, gut interactions and functional properties

Abstract Dietary melanoidins are late stage Maillard reaction products (MRPs), browning colorants and predominantly high molecular weight (HMW) chemicals. They originate through polycondensation reactions of reducing sugars and proteins or amino acids upon thermal processing. Their presence in several daily food and beverages (i.e. coffee, beer, honey, bakery products, chocolate, grilled meat) contribute to food sensory characters (i.e. color, aroma, and flavor). Additionally, melanoidins exhibit many biological attributes (i.e. antioxidant, anti-obesity, antibacterial activity and impact on gut microbiota as prebiotics). However, dissecting melanoidins specific biological and functional characteristics in relation to their metabolism and gut interaction with link to their chemical structures has yet to be reported in literature. For a better understanding of melanoidins benefits and flavor properties in processed foods, this review represents a state of the art comprehensive insight of its formation mechanism and chemistry in relation to their functionalities and health effects. Further, a compile of the factors affecting melanoidins production to optimize for the best flavor attributes while minimizing hazardous compounds is presented. This study presents the first analysis of melanoidins gut interaction in context to its different action mechanisms. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Hybrid Fluoroscopic and Neurophysiological Targeting of Responsive Neurostimulation of the Rolandic Cortex

Abstract BACKGROUND Precise targeting of cortical surface electrodes to epileptogenic regions defined by anatomic and electrophysiological guideposts remains a surgical challenge during implantation of responsive neurostimulation (RNS) devices. OBJECTIVE To describe a hybrid fluoroscopic and neurophysiological technique for targeting of subdural cortical surface electrodes to anatomic regions with limited direct visualization, such as the interhemispheric fissure. METHODS Intraoperative two-dimensional (2D) fluoroscopy was used to colocalize and align an electrode for permanent device implantation with a temporary in Situ electrode placed for extraoperative seizure mapping. Intraoperative phase reversal mapping technique was performed to distinguish primary somatosensory and motor cortex. RESULTS We applied these techniques to optimize placement of an interhemispheric strip electrode connected to a responsive neurostimulator system for detection and treatment of seizures arising from a large perirolandic cortical malformation. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) phase reversal technique facilitated neuroanatomic mapping and electrode placement. CONCLUSION In challenging-to-access anatomic regions, fluoroscopy and intraoperative neurophysiology can be employed to augment targeting of neuromodulation electrodes to the site of seizure onset zone or specific neurophysiological biomarkers of clinical interest while minimizing brain retraction.
Early social deprivation shapes neuronal programming of the social decision‐making network in a cooperatively breeding fish

The early social environment an animal experiences may have pervasive effects on its behaviour. The social decision‐making network (SDMN), consisting of interconnected brain nuclei from the forebrain and midbrain, is involved in the regulation of behaviours during social interactions. In species with advanced sociality such as cooperative breeders, offspring are exposed to a large number and a great diversity of social interactions every day of their early life. This diverse social environment may have life‐long consequences on the development of several neurophysiological systems within the SDMN, although these effects are largely unknown. We studied these life‐long effects in a cooperatively breeding fish, Neolamprologus pulcher, focusing on the expression of genes involved in the monoaminergic and stress response systems in the SDMN. N. pulcher fry were raised until an age of 2 months either with their parents, subordinate helpers and same‐clutch siblings (+F), or with same‐clutch siblings only (−F). Analysis of the expression of glucocorticoid receptor, mineralocorticoid receptor, corticotropin releasing factor, dopamine receptors 1 and 2, serotonin transporter and DNA methyltransferase 1 genes showed that early social experiences altered the neurogenomic profile of the preoptic area. Moreover, the dopamine receptor 1 gene was up‐regulated in the preoptic area of −F fish compared to +F fish. −F fish also showed up‐regulation of GR1 expression in the dorsal medial telencephalon (functional equivalent to the basolateral amygdala), and in the dorsolateral telencephalon (functional equivalent to the hippocampus). Our results suggest that early social environment has life‐long effects on the development of several neurophysiological systems within the SDMN.