Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Several conjectures from the hadron physics: The transient worlds beside(s) ours

The past decades witnessed the golden era of hadron physics, which gives us a good opportunity to study the physics happening in a transient period of time. The development on the singly heavy baryons indicates that there exists the fine structure of hadron spectrum caused by the direct strong interaction, and the development on the exotic hadrons indicates that the residue strong interaction is capable of forming the hadronic molecules. Similar to the electromagnetic interaction, the strong interaction may be capable of forming some imaginable hadronic worlds. Moreover, there can be various worlds formed by various fundamental physical laws. Some hadrons have so transient lifetimes that they may not even be formed. We discuss whether these non-existent particles are capable of affecting our realistic world. We discuss what kinds of particles exist, and so can be observed, in our realistic world. We conjecture that the ratios $R \equiv M/\Gamma \gg 1/2$ ($M \tau \gg \hbar/2$) and $R \equiv M/\Gamma<1/2$ ($M \tau<\hbar/2$) can be used to describe the particles existing and not-existing in our realistic world, respectively. Here $M$, $\Gamma$, and $\tau$ are the mass, width, and lifetime, respectively. We propose to use the ratio $R \equiv M/\Gamma \sim 1/2$ ($M \tau \sim \hbar/2$) to describe the particles quasi-existing in our realistic world, whose studies may allow us to go beyond the quantum physics and arrive at another type of boundary of our realistic world, that is from the existent to the non-existent. We propose to investigate the quasi-existent particles by studying the singly heavy baryons through various imperfect symmetries among them. We obtain an incidental conjecture that the lifetime and width may be quantized for the particles existing in our realistic world as \begin{equation*}M\tau=n\hbar/2~~~{\rm{and}}~~~M/\Gamma=n/2\,,~~~n=1,2,3\cdots\,. \end{equation*}
Übertragbare spongiforme Enzephalopathien bei Tieren – ein Update

Zusammenfassung: Scrapie bei Schafen und Ziegen ist seit mehr als 250 Jahren bekannt. Dennoch rückte die Gruppe der transmissiblen spongiformen Enzephalopathien (TSE) erst nach dem Auftreten der bovinen spongiformen Enzephalopathie (BSE) im Vereinigten Königreich Ende der 1980er Jahre und dem einige Jahre später geführten Nachweis der Übertragbarkeit des BSE-Erregers auf den Menschen in den 1990er Jahren vermehrt in das wissenschaftliche und öffentliche Interesse. Weltweit wurden mehr als 180 000 BSE-Fälle bei Rindern diagnostiziert, davon die überwiegende Zahl im Vereinigten Königreich. Diese massive Infektion von Tieren mit dem BSE-Erreger erfolgte durch die unzureichende Inaktivierung und Verfütterung kontaminierter Futtermittel tierischen Ursprungs. Angesichts der seit 2001 zurückgehenden Zahl von BSE-Fällen in der gesamten EU und seit 2002 auch in Deutschland scheint das BSE-Geschehen bei Rindern heute unter Kontrolle. Anders verhält es sich mit den Scrapie-Fällen bei kleinen Wiederkäuern, deren endemische Verbreitung in den meisten EU-Mitgliedsstaaten durch die Einführung eines aktiven Überwachungsprogramms aufgedeckt wurde. Dieses Programm führte auch zur Feststellung so genannter atypischer Scrapiefälle. Atypische Scrapie-Ausbrüche wurden bis dato in fast allen EU-Mitgliedsstaaten und zahlenmäßig häufiger als klassische Scrapie-Ausbrüche diagnostiziert. Daneben wurden mittlerweile auch zwei weitere BSE-Typen gefunden, die sich von den vom Vereinigten Königreich ausgangenen Fällen unterscheiden. Dieser Artikel fasst die aktuellen Erkenntnisse zur Epidemiologie, Pathogenese und Diagnostik von Scrapie und BSE zusammen.
Metrization of powers of the Jensen-Shannon divergence

Metrization of statistical divergences is useful in both theoretical and practical aspects. Considering the fractional powers of statistical divergences is one way to obtain metrics associated with divergences. With this motivation, Os\'an, Bussandri, and Lamberti (2018) considered metrizations for the fractional powers of the Jensen-Shannon divergences between multinomial distributions and gave an open problem. In this short note, we give an affirmative answer to their conjecture. This method is also applicable to powers of f-divergences between the Cauchy distribution.
Kajian Literatur Mengenai Tingkat Keamanan Tanaman Kelor (Moringa Oleifera L.) dari Hasil Uji Toksisitas Akut dan Subkronis

Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) merupakan tanaman yang kaya nutrisi dan bermanfaat bagi manusia. Kandungan nutrisi kelor tersebar ke seluruh bagian tanaman dari daun, kulit batang, bunga, biji, hingga akar yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pengobatan penyakit maupun kekurangan nutrisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat keamanan tanaman kelor dari hasil uji toksisitas akut dan subkronis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah kajian literatur dengan cara mengambil original artikel melalui search egine google scholar tanaman kelor dengan range tahun 2011-2020 kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil kajian literatur menunjukkn bahwa tanaman kelor bagian daun, kulit batang, dan akar pada uji toksisitas akut menggunakan tikus dan mencit didapatkan hasil bahwa nilai LD50 pada akar 15,9-17,8 g/kg, pada daun >3000 mg/kg,dan pada kulit batang praktis tidak toksik dalam dosis tunggal, kemudian untuk uji toksisitas sub-kronik menggunakan tikus didapatkan hasil bahwa relatif aman digunakan, namun perlu didiperhatikan jika digunakan dalam waktu yang lama, kemudian pada parameter tes hematologi, kreatinin, dan urea tidak terjadi perbedaan yang signifikan dengan nilai p tidak lebih dari 0,05 (p? 0,05) dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil mengkaji data uji toksisitas akut dan sub-kronik dapat disimpulkan bahwa tanaman kelor praktis tidak toksik dan relatif aman digunakan, namun jika digunakan dalam jangka panjang perlu diperhatikan.
The Mining Hourly Fuzzy Patterns from Temporal Datasets

: The retrace patterns from supermarket datasets is an interesting data mining issue. The hourly fuzzy pattern is an example of such patterns where the pattern holds in some fuzzy time interval in each hour. The issue involves first frequent set mining and then deduces association rules from the frequent sets. We call it hourly fuzzy patterns. In the beginning works were mainly concentrated about a user-specified fuzzy pattern mining. In as much as, in some applications,the user may not have previous knowledge about the datasets under opinion, so may not be able to specify fuzzy time interval. Identical may happen due to the boundary of natural language. In this paper, we are intending a method of finding such patterns. The nicety about the method is that the fuzzy time intervals are generated by the method itself. The impact of our method is exhibited with experimental results.
Ultrafast demagnetization of L10 FePt and FePd ordered alloys

The cause of the time scale for ultrafast demagnetization induced by irradiation using a fs pulse laser remains an open issue. Spin-flip mediated by electron–phonon scattering due to spin–orbit interactions is one major theory proposed to explain ultrafast demagnetization. Ultrafast demagnetization in Ni, FePd, and FePt films was investigated in order to systematically study the influence of heavy elements on the demagnetization time. The ultrafast demagnetization in these systems was analyzed using the microscopic three temperature model, which is a theory based on spin-flip mediated by electron–phonon scattering. The spin-flip probability (asf ? >) values for the Ni, FePd, and FePt films were evaluated in the low pump fluence regime. It was found that the asf ? > value for the Ni film was larger than that for the FePd and FePt films. Thus, there is no correlation between the asf ? > value and the spin–orbit coupling strength. Fast demagnetization of the FePd film was also observed due to large electron–phonon scattering. In addition, it was found that the asf ? > values decreased with increasing magnetization quenching for all the films.
Effects of Nondipping Blood Pressure Changes: A Nephrologist Prospect

Blood pressure (BP) variations depend on various internal, environmental, and behavioral factors. BP fluctuations occur both in normotensive and hypertensive people. Although it fluctuates over the 24-hr day and night, the morning BP increases after waking up and declines throughout sleep. It is typical for BP to decrease by 10% to 20%, while sleeping, known as dipping BP. However, if there is no decrease in nighttime mean systolic BP or a drop of less than 10 mmHg, it is called nondipping BP. Conversely, reverse dipping BP means an increase in mean systolic BP instead of a drop during the night. Reverse dipping is observed in hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome. The introduction of ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) led to the emergence of identifying normal and elevated BP patterns. Non-dipping BP increases the risk of cardiovascular system (CVS) complications such as left ventricular hypertrophy, proteinuria, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) reduction, and CKD progression. A loss or blunting of the normal BP profile is recognized as a deleterious variant, and restoring abnormal BP patterns has been reported to significantly impact end-organ damage, morbidity, and mortality. In this non-systematic clinically-oriented, comprehensive review, we aim to update the BP variables and the pathophysiology of nondipping BP and point out the areas which need more investigation from a nephrology perspective because the nondipping BP increases the risk of proteinuria, GFR reduction, and CKD progression. A literature search of PubMed, Google, EMBASE, and Google Scholar was conducted. Checks of selected papers and relevant reviews complemented the electronic search. With improved BP measurement methods, the physiology of BP profile variations is readily detectable during the day and night. A nondipping BP profile is a distinct BP pattern that may have significant end-organ damage effects and therapeutic importance for nephrologists. The pathophysiology of the nondipping BP variant must be clarified to prevent complications, and further investigations are required. Furthermore, there is debate about the best BP index to utilize: systolic BP, diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure, or a mixture of all. All these areas are important and need new research projects.
A STUDY OF MEASUREMENT OF ACETABULAR INCLINATION ANGLE RADIOLOGICALLY IN NORTHERN INDIAN POPULATION OF JAMMU REGION.

Dr.jawahar mehmood khan 1 and Dr.jabreel muzaffar 2 . 1. JR Department of orthopaedics GMC Jammmu. 2. SR department of orthopaedics. 3. Shri Mahant Indresh Hospital Dehradun. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
The Impact of Cancer on Mental Health

Cancer cases have grown significantly more dangerous as people's life expectancies have increased. In addition, cancer patients may experience serious mental health issues that hinder their recovery. There is a gap in cancer treatment where patients are frequently only treated for their cancer and the effects of cancer on mental health are usually ignored. Several psychiatric care programs are available to patients, but few people are aware of them, and cancer patients are not questioned regarding their attraction to these programs. The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of cancer on anxiety and depression level of cancer patients and to understand which prevention program is found more interesting by cancer patients. Seventy patients participated in this study. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) has been used to measure anxiety and depression. According to the results, the average anxiety level was 9.36 ± 4.33, and the average depression level was 10.49 ± 3.50. Based on the program selection, the majority of participants selected "Support Groups" with a rate of 41.40%, and "Educational Programs" with a rate of 31.40%. In conclusion, the average anxiety level was at the borderline, and the average depression level was abnormal. This study shows that the mental health of cancer patients is neglected, and this issue is not sufficiently addressed. Future studies may focus on how to solve this problem more effectively and how to raise more awareness about the mental health of cancer patients.
High‐pressure metasediments in central Turkey: Constraints on the Neotethyan closure history

The distribution of oceanic domains and continental blocks in Central Anatolia remains a challenge in understanding the Alpine geodynamic evolution of the Tethys realm. The consumption of a Neotethys oceanic branch at the Mesozoic‐Cenozoic boundary welded the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex in central Turkey and the Anatolide‐Tauride Block in western Turkey, with the northerly Eurasian margin. Whether those two regions constituted a single or two distinct continental masses is still matter of debate. High‐pressure metamorphism has been locally evidenced in the Afyon Zone, which was, however, defined as a greenschist‐facies metamorphic zone of the Anatolide‐Tauride Block. Since the Afyon Zone composes a metamorphic equivalent of a continental margin exposed far south of the Izmir‐Ankara suture zone, this encouraged us to reevaluate its metamorphic evolution in order to better understand the relation between western and central Turkey. Our investigations reveal that the high‐pressure minerals Fe‐Mg‐carpholite and glaucophane are present in the entire Afyon Zone, which we reconsider as a blueschist‐facies zone. We additionally present a tectonic reconstruction, stripping off the postcollisional tectonics. It reveals that today's bending of the high‐pressure belt is consistent with an Eocene collision of the Anatolide‐Tauride Block around the southern edge of the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex. We argue that the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex and the Anatolide‐Tauride Block were two distinct continental masses separated by a Neotethyan oceanic stripe, the closure of which engendered subduction‐related metamorphism in the latter and arc volcanism and high‐grade metamorphism in the former by late Cretaceous to early Cenozoic.
Widening resources: a cost-effective technique for aggressive ILP architectures

The inherent instruction-level parallelism (ILP) of current applications (specially those based on floating point computations) has driven hardware designers and compilers writers to investigate aggressive techniques for exploiting program parallelism at the lowest level. To execute more operations per cycle, many processors are designed with growing degrees of resource replication (buses and functional units). However the high cost in terms of area and cycle time of this technique precludes the use of high degrees of replication. An alternative to resource replication is resource widening, that has also been used in some recent designs, in which the width of the resources is increased. In this paper we evaluate a broad set of design alternatives that combine both replication and widening. For each alternative we perform an estimation of the ILP limits (including the impact of spill code for several register file configurations) and the cost in terms of area and access time of the register file. We also perform a technological projection for the next 10 years in order to foresee the possible implementable alternatives. From this study we conclude that if the cost is taken into account, the best performance is obtained when combining certain degrees of replication and widening in the hardware resources. The results have been obtained from a large number of inner loops from numerical programs scheduled for VLIW architectures.
Synesthesia and learning: a critical review and novel theory

Learning and synesthesia are profoundly interconnected. On the one hand, the development of synesthesia is clearly influenced by learning. Synesthetic inducers – the stimuli that evoke these unusual experiences – often involve the perception of complex properties learned in early childhood, e.g., letters, musical notes, numbers, months of the year, and even swimming strokes. Further, recent research has shown that the associations individual synesthetes make with these learned inducers are not arbitrary, but are strongly influenced by the structure of the learned domain. For instance, the synesthetic colors of letters are partially determined by letter frequency and the relative positions of letters in the alphabet. On the other hand, there is also a small, but growing, body of literature which shows that synesthesia can influence or be helpful in learning. For instance, synesthetes appear to be able to use their unusual experiences as mnemonic devices and can even exploit them while learning novel abstract categories. Here we review these two directions of influence and argue that they are interconnected. We propose that synesthesia arises, at least in part, because of the cognitive demands of learning in childhood, and that it is used to aid perception and understanding of a variety of learned categories. Our thesis is that the structural similarities between synesthetic triggering stimuli and synesthetic experiences are the remnants, the fossilized traces, of past learning challenges for which synsethesia was helpful.
Pattern Trails: Visual Analysis of Pattern Transitions in Subspaces

Figure 1:Visual analysis of subspace patterns by a series of consecutive pattern transitions between scatterplots. (a) Scatterplots depict subspaces and are grouped and sorted based on similarity. (b) This example shows the pattern transitions in the University data set. Based on a 3D cube like visualization, one can trace sorted patterns in a side and top view on the cube (see Section 7.1). Subspace analysis methods have gained interest for identifying patterns in subspaces of high-dimensional data. Existing techniques allow to visualize and compare patterns in subspaces. However, many subspace analysis methods produce an abundant amount of patterns, which often remain redundant and are difficult to relate. Creating effective layouts for comparison of subspace patterns remains challenging. We introduce Pattern Trails, a novel approach for visually ordering and comparing subspace patterns. Central to our approach is the notion of pattern transitions as an interpretable structure imposed to order and compare patterns between subspaces. The basic idea is to visualize projections of subspaces side-by-side, and indicate changes between adjacent patterns in the subspaces by a linked representation, hence introducing pattern transitions. Our contributions comprise a systematization for how pairs of subspace patterns can be compared, and how changes can be interpreted in terms of pattern transitions. We also contribute a technique for visual subspace analysis based on a data-driven similarity measure between subspace representations. This measure is useful to order the patterns, and interactively group subspaces to reduce redundancy. We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach by application to several use cases, indicating that data can be meaningfully ordered and interpreted in terms of pattern transitions.
Quality of reporting on patient and public involvement within surgical research: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND Recruitment difficulties are a well-reported concern in surgical literature, which may be improved by patient and public involvement (PPI). PPI within research has been defined as being conducted "with" or "by" patients or members of the public rather than being "about" or "for" them. However, the extent to which PPI is used within surgical research is unknown. METHODS Surgical literature was systematically reviewed using EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PubMed. Search terms related to (i) patients, (ii) involvement, (iii) perioperative care, and (iv) impact. Quality of PPI reporting was evaluated using the GRIPP (Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and Public checklist and the guidelines developed by Wright and Foster. A patient representative advised on the purpose and analysis of this systematic review. RESULTS Eight articles described PPI in surgical trials to improve the identification of research topics, study design, recruitment, retention, and data collection. Quality of PPI reporting was suboptimal, as none of the articles provided a clear account of how PPI was conceptualized. Training and support for patients, their involvement in dissemination, and a critique of the limitations of PPI were not reported. However, it was not clear whether this represents an underutilization of PPI or purely suboptimal reporting in surgery. CONCLUSIONS There is a paucity of surgical research reporting upon PPI, and the quality of reporting is low. Further research to define appropriate standards for reporting on PPI activities may facilitate broadening the utilization and impact of PPI in surgical research.
Zwitterionic gel encapsulation promotes protein stability, enhances pharmacokinetics, and reduces immunogenicity

Significance A protein modification technology has been developed in this study to overcome current problems faced by protein therapy. After being individually encapsulated in a super-hydrophilic zwitterionic gel, a therapeutic protein showed exceptional stability and long in vivo circulation half-life. More importantly, no immune response against either the protein or the polymer was observed following repeated injections. This technology will benefit patients by reducing administration frequency and mitigating adverse reactions and could allow more immunogenic proteins to enter into human therapeutic or protective applications. Advances in protein therapy are hindered by the poor stability, inadequate pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles, and immunogenicity of many therapeutic proteins. Polyethylene glycol conjugation (PEGylation) is the most successful strategy to date to overcome these shortcomings, and more than 10 PEGylated proteins have been brought to market. However, anti-PEG antibodies induced by treatment raise serious concerns about the future of PEGylated therapeutics. Here, we demonstrate a zwitterionic polymer network encapsulation technology that effectively enhances protein stability and PK while mitigating the immune response. Uricase modified with a comprehensive zwitterionic polycarboxybetaine (PCB) network exhibited exceptional stability and a greatly prolonged circulation half-life. More importantly, the PK behavior was unchanged, and neither anti-uricase nor anti-PCB antibodies were detected after three weekly injections in a rat model. This technology is applicable to a variety of proteins and unlocks the possibility of adopting highly immunogenic proteins for therapeutic or protective applications.