Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method for Mixture Models by Neighborhood Pruning

Inference on both finite mixture models and infinite mixture models involves a partition parameter, which describes the clustering of the observations into groups. Because this partition parameter is discrete and can take a massive number of values, making inference about it is challenging. In this article, we focus on devising efficient Metropolis–Hastings methods for models in which parameters other than the partition parameter can be integrated out. By drawing an analogy between the Metropolis–Hastings (MH) and stochastic local search (SLS) algorithms, we introduce several concepts from the SLS to guide the design of MH algorithms, including neighborhood pruning. We propose a new neighborhood pruning method for the clustering problem based on bottom-up hierarchical clustering, and use it to design a Markov chain Monte Carlo method for mixture models. Through two sets of examples, we show that our method improves the mixing significantly for cases that are challenging for the existing samplers. Online supplemental materials are available.
Quasi-Optimal Mesh Segmentation Via Region Growing/Merging

Recently meshes of engineering objects are easily acquired by 3D laser or high energy X-ray CT scanning systems, and these meshes are widely used in product developments. To effectively use scanned meshes in engineering applications, such as inspection, CAD model reconstruction, and convergent-type CAE, we need to segment meshes and extract desirable regions and their approximating surfaces as preprocessing. Engineering objects are commonly represented as a set of analytic surfaces, such as planes, cylinders, spheres, cones, and tori. Therefore, the mesh surface of engineering objects needs to be approximated as a set of analytic surfaces. Moreover, a mesh surface should be approximated with a minimum number of analytic surfaces and their approximating error should be minimized as a result of segmentation. We call the segmentation that satisfies these two conditions the optimal segmentation as proposed in [1]. However, optimal segmentation algorithms need a long calculation time. Today’s high energy X-ray CT scanning systems generate large meshes with millions of triangles from objects including hundreds of regions. Thus, computationally expensive algorithms, such as [1], cannot be directly applied to these large and complex meshes from the aspect of efficiency. In this paper we propose an efficient new quasi-optimal mesh segmentation algorithm via region growing and region merging. First, our algorithm robustly and accurately estimates mesh principal curvatures using the local surface fitting by two-pass algorithm. Second, it uses the curvatures to appropriately create seed regions, and then it quickly grows each seed region and extracts grown regions and their approximating analytic surfaces from a whole mesh. Finally, our region merging algorithm efficiently merges extracted regions in order to minimize the number of regions while keeping the user specified tolerances of the surface fitting, and it results in quasi-optimal segmentation. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithm with scanned meshes acquired from real engineering objects by 3D laser and X-ray CT scanning systems.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
An Adaptive Temperature Observer for Electrothermal Analysis of IGBT Based on Temperature Characteristics

Most of the existing methods for electrothermal analysis of the aging insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules have limitations on performing synchronous recognition and decoupling of two typical aging models, and failed to be low-invasive and real-time. To address this, two characteristic functions are developed in this article. The characteristic functions are derived from the temperature response under periodic power loss excitation and can be extracted in real-time and low-invasively from the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor sensor integrated into the IGBT module. Then, a temperature observer based on the 3-D state-space model of the IGBT module is designed, which is based on the feedback from the characteristic functions, to achieve the target of online electrothermal analysis for the IGBT module even with the significant deterioration of the IGBT module. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is thoroughly investigated by extensive experimental tests.
Non‐committal Causal Explanations

Some causal explanations are non‐committal in that mention of a property in the explanans conveys information about the causal origin of the explanandum even if the property in question plays no causal role for the explanandum. Programme explanations are a variety of non‐committal causal (NCC) explanations. Yet their interest is very limited since, as I will argue in this paper, their range of applicability is in fact quite narrow. However there is at least another variety of NCC explanations, causal orientation explanations, which offer a plausible model for many explanations in the special sciences.
konnect2prot: a web application to explore the protein properties in a functional protein–protein interaction network

Abstract Motivation The regulation of proteins governs the biological processes and functions and, therefore, the organisms’ phenotype. So there is an unmet need for a systematic tool for identifying the proteins that play a crucial role in information processing in a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. However, the current protein databases and web servers still lag behind to provide an end-to-end pipeline that can leverage the topological understanding of a context-specific PPI network to identify the influential spreaders. Addressing this, we developed a web application, ‘konnect2prot’ (k2p), which can generate context-specific directional PPI network from the input proteins and detect their biological and topological importance in the network. Results We pooled together a large amount of ontological knowledge, parsed it down into a functional network, and gained insight into the molecular underpinnings of the disease development by creating a one-stop junction for PPI data. k2p contains both local and global information about a protein, such as protein class, disease mutations, ligands and PDB structure, enriched processes and pathways, multi-disease interactome and hubs and bottlenecks in the directional network. It also identifies spreaders in the network and maps them to disease hallmarks to determine whether they can affect the disease state or not. Availability and implementation konnect2prot is freely accessible using the link https://konnect2prot.thsti. in. The code repository is https://github.com/samrat-lab/k2p_bioinfo-2022.
Intrinsic pitch in German: A puzzle?

Intrinsic pitch (IF0) differences have often been attributed to a physiological consequence of articulation, i.e., higher tongue‐jaw position yields higher F0. However, Fischer–Jorgensen showed that German tense‐lax pairs are produced with a similar IF0 despite the lower tongue positions of lax vowels. She also found better agreement between IF0 and jaw position than for tongue height. The first aim of this study was to replicate Fischer–Jorgensen’s study using EMMA (seven speakers). Second, the contribution of jaw position on IF0 was examined by a bite‐block condition (three speakers). The results of Fischer–Jorgensen were confirmed concerning similar IF0 of tense‐lax pairs, where the jaw rather than the tongue better correlated with IF0, because jaw position differences between tense‐lax vowel pairs were smaller than the tongue position differences. However, it seemed unlikely that this could be any kind of casual explanation, because frequent cases were found of somewhat higher F0 in the lax member of .
Fabrication of Si Field Emitter Tip for a Three-Dimensional Vacuum Magnetic Sensor

A new Si field emitter tip generating a cross-shaped electron beam was fabricated for a three-dimensional vacuum magnetic sensor (VMS) application. The present tip is surrounded by a gate for field emission, and a focusing lens is made in the same plane as the gate. The beam current of about 50 nA was obtained with a single tip at the gate and lens voltages of 55 V and 10 V, respectively. The fabrication process and beam characteristics are described. Preliminary results such as linearity and sensitivity of VMS using the present tip are also discussed.
Multi-Aspect Streaming Tensor Ring Completion for Dynamic Incremental Data

As the volume of real-world data with numerous missing entries continues to grow rapidly, tensor completion has been a powerful tool to enhance such flawed data analysis. While existing methods mainly consider static data, there is a great need to deal with streaming data. In this letter, a multi-aspect streaming tensor ring completion (MASTR) method is proposed, where the low-rank tensor ring (TR) model is exploited to capture subspace information and transfer high-order correlations between multiple sub-tensors. Experimental results on synthetic data, hyperspectral data and video data demonstrate superior recovery performance compared to state-of-the-art methods.
A social hierarchy perspective on the relationship between leader–member exchange (LMX) and interpersonal citizenship

Drawing upon contemporary social hierarchy research, the purpose of this study is to integrate a novel theoretical perspective to examine the taken-for-granted conclusions of the relationship between leader-member exchange (LMX) and interpersonal citizenship. We develop theoretically driven arguments and provide evidence of how LMX relates to power and status, the two prominent bases of social hierarchy. The results from our study support our assertion that the quality of LMX relationships provides social information about one's relative standing within a group's informal hierarchy. Specifically, LMX is positively associated with higher levels of perceived power and perceived status. Both power and status serve as important mediators that explain the relationship between LMX and interpersonal citizenship. We also identify the importance of citizenship pressure as a boundary condition for these relationships, finding that citizenship pressure interacts with power and status differently to influence the extent that employees engage in citizenship behaviors.
GÊNERO TEXTUAL ARTIGO CIENTÍFICO: O RECORTE DA INOVAÇÃO PEDAGÓGICA

Os Gêneros são variados e respondem às necessidades comunicativas de determinadas comunidades discursivas. O artigo científico enquanto gênero textual mostra-se como um relatório que apresenta os resultados de pesquisas científicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a qualidade da produção dos textos produzidos sob a rubrica do gênero artigo científico diante de um tema complexo, a inovação pedagógica. Foram selecionados para a análise dezesseis artigos disponíveis na base de periódicos da capes. Foram analisados a partir dos elementos, introdução, método, resultados e discussão, propostos por Pereira (2012), quanto aos tópicos necessários para a escrita de um artigo científico. Os resultados indicam que a minoria dos trabalhos analisados apresenta todos os elementos necessários para ser considerado um artigo. Conclui-se que a falta de rigor metodológico diante desse do tema inovação pedagógica compromete a qualidade dos textos, o que pode dificultar sua utilização como referência para a formulação de políticas públicas.
The Greatwall–Endosulfine Switch Accelerates Autophagic Flux during the Cell Divisions Leading to G1 Arrest and Entry into Quiescence in Fission Yeast

Entry into quiescence in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is induced by nitrogen starvation. In the absence of nitrogen, proliferating fission yeast cells divide twice without cell growth and undergo cell cycle arrest in G1 before becoming G0 quiescent cells. Under these conditions, autophagy is induced to produce enough nitrogen for the two successive cell divisions that take place before the G1 arrest. In parallel to the induction of autophagy, the Greatwall–Endosulfine switch is activated upon nitrogen starvation to down-regulate protein phosphatase PP2A/B55 activity, which is essential for cell cycle arrest in G1 and implementation of the quiescent program. Here we show that, although inactivation of PP2A/B55 by the Greatwall–Endosulfine switch is not required to promote autophagy initiation, it increases autophagic flux at least in part by upregulating the expression of a number of autophagy-related genes.
CONTROL PROBLEMS AND THEOREMS CONCERNING THE UNIQUE SOLVABILITY OF A MIXED BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM FOR THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL NAVIER-STOKES AND EULER EQUATIONS

In this paper, theorems on the existence of smooth solutions of certain control problems describable by the Navier-Stokes and Euler equations are proved. It is shown that a mixed boundary value problem for the Navier-Stokes and Euler equations of dimension is uniquely solvable for a dense set of right-hand sides.Bibliography: 13 titles.
Biexcitonic resonance in the nonlinear optical response of an InAs quantum dot ensemble

Transient spectral hole burning measurements are applied to an ensemble of InAs self-assembled quantum dots. In addition to the expected exciton hole, we observe an "antihole" due to an induced absorption corresponding tothe biexciton state. The biexciton binding energy is consistent with previous measurements in similar systems. The variation of the binding energy over the inhomogeneous quantum dot distribution is also measured, and is found to be consistent with expectations for strongly confined systems as a function of confinement.
Generation of artificial spread-F by a collisionally coupled purely growing parametric instability

The threshold and growth rate of conventional stimulated Brillouin scattering are first calculated for a uniform magnetoplasma. Approximate calculations of the threshold and growth rate are then carried out for a new instability which could be termed thermally stimulated Brillouin scattering: in this instability the nonlinear Lorentz force (ponderomotive force) is replaced by a pressure force due to differential heating in the interference pattern of the pump wave and the generated electromagnetic wave. The threshold for this new instability in a uniform medium is much lower than for conventional Brillouin scattering if the low-frequency wavelength measured along the magnetic field is much longer than the electron mean free path. The threshold is then calculated for the purely growing version of the new instability numerically, taking both the inhomogeneity of the medium and the effect of the geomagnetic field on wave propagation into account. The growth rate is also calculated and it is concluded that this new instability is probably responsible for the generation of large-scale field-aligned irregularities associated with artificial spread-F produced by ionospheric heating.
Magnetic reconnection as an element of turbulence

Abstract. In this work, recent advances on the study of reconnection in turbulence are reviewed. Using direct numerical simulations of decaying incompressible two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), it was found that in fully developed turbulence complex processes of reconnection locally occur (Servidio et al., 2009, 2010a). In this complex scenario, reconnection is spontaneous but locally driven by the fields, with the boundary conditions provided by the turbulence. Matching classical turbulence analysis with a generalized Sweet-Parker theory, the statistical features of these multiple-reconnection events have been identified. A discussion on the accuracy of our algorithms is provided, highlighting the necessity of adequate spatial resolution. Applications to the study of solar wind discontinuities are reviewed, comparing simulations to spacecraft observations. New results are shown, studying the time evolution of these local reconnection events. A preliminary study on the comparison between MHD and Hall MHD is reported. Our new approach to the study of reconnection as an element of turbulence has broad applications to space plasmas, shedding a new light on the study of magnetic reconnection in nature.
Nonparametric Hypotheses and Rank Statistics for Unbalanced Factorial Designs

Abstract Factorial designs are studied with independent observations, fixed number of levels, and possibly unequal number of observations per factor level combination. In this context, the nonparametric null hypotheses introduced by Akritas and Arnold are considered. New rank statistics are derived for testing the nonparametric hypotheses of no main effects, no interaction, and no factor effects in unbalanced crossed classifications. The formulation of all results includes tied observations. Extensions of these procedures to higher-way layouts are given, and the efficacies of the test statistics against nonparametric alternatives are derived. A modification of the test statistics and approximations to their finite-sample distributions are also given. The small-sample performance of the procedures for two factors is examined in a simulation study. As an illustration, a real dataset with ordinal data is analyzed.
Unsupervised Cryo-EM Images Denoising and Clustering Based on Deep Convolutional Autoencoder and K-Means++

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a widely used structural determination technique. Because of the extremely low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of images captured by cryo-EM, clustering single-particle cryo-EM images with high accuracy is challenging. To address this, we proposed an iterative denoising and clustering method based on a deep convolutional variational autoencoder and K-means++. The proposed method contains two modules: a denoising ResNet variational autoencoder (DRVAE), and Balance size K-means++ (BSK-means++). First, the DRVAE is trained in a fully unsupervised manner to initialize the neural network and obtain preliminary denoised images. Second, BSK-means++ is built for clustering denoised images, and images closer to class centers are divided into reliable samples. Third, the training of DRVAE is continued, while the class-average images are used as pseudo supervision of reliable samples to reserve more detailed information of denoised images. Finally, the second and third steps mentioned above can be performed jointly and iteratively until convergence occurs. The experimental results showed that the proposed method can generate reliable class average images and achieve better clustering accuracy and normalized mutual information than current methods. This study confirmed that DRVAE with BSK-means++ could achieve a good denoise performance on single-particle cryo-EM images, which can help researchers obtain information such as symmetry and heterogeneity of the target particles. In addition, the proposed method avoids the extreme imbalance of class size, which improves the reliability of the clustering result.
On the Broken-Circuit Complex of Graphs

It is well known that the Stanley–Reisner ring of a matroid complex is level; this is an algebraic property between the Cohen–Macaulay and Gorenstein properties. A similar result for broken-circuit complexes is no longer true, even for graphs. We show that the Stanley–Reisner ring of the broken-circuit complex, of the cone of any simple graph, is level.
Si-C bonding in films prepared by heterofullerene deposition

We probed the electronic structure of mixed silicon-carbon ${\mathrm{Si}}_{x}{\mathrm{C}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ $(x=0.12)$ films prepared from free silicon-doped fullerenes (heterofullerenes) deposited on silver thin film. The reactivity towards oxygen is also discussed. X-ray photoemission and Auger spectroscopies suggest that electron transfer from silicon to carbon atom is lower than in tetrahedral SiC compounds. Raman spectroscopy reveals a graphitization of the film associated with the formation of Si-C bonding under strong laser irradiation.
RESEARCH OF THE KINETICS OF THE DRYING PROCESS OF COMBINED PLANT MATERIALS

The general trend of energy consumption, which leads to an increase in the amount of energy consumed in the world, has shown that its cost is constantly increasing, and the shortage of energy carriers is increasing. So, the problem of creating and large-scale implementation of modern energy-efficient heat-technologies, which ensure the reduction of energy consumption and the maximum preservation of the high quality of the dehydrated product, is relevant today. In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, this work has developed an innovative pre-treatment of combined plant materials. A study of pH results for different ratios of red beetroot with rhubarb/tomato is presented. We managed to obtain the most optimal content of components in the red beetroot:rhubarb mixture as 2:1, with a pH value of 3.75, and betanin in the studied material after drying remains at the level of 96.5% for red beetroot:tomato - 3:1, in which pH is 3.9, and betanin is 94.7%. Also, with the preservation of earnings and increasing the functionality of the phytoestrogen properties of plant raw materials, the conditions for the stabilization of plant ingredients have been developed. Mixtures of plant materials with different ratios of initial components of plant origin were created and optimal drying modes were developed. The kinetics of the drying process of combined plant materials with their preliminary preparation was experimentally investigated. On the basis of the obtained data on the change in the nature of the Rebinder number depending on the humidity, the combined plant material and the temperature of the heat carrier, staged drying regimes were developed. The theoretical processing of the obtained experimental data on the red beetroot:tomato mixture was performed according to the method of V.A. Danilov. The generalized drying kinetics curves of the red beetroot:tomato mixture coincide with the fast drying regimes. The duration of the drying process of the soybean:spinach mixture on the experimental convective stand was calculated according to the method of V.V. Krasnikov. The generalized curve of the drying kinetics of the soybean:spinach mixture made it possible to apply the relative drying coefficients. And it became possible to calculate the total drying time of the soybean:spinach mixture. The deviation of the calculated value from the experimental duration of drying does not exceed 5%.
Viscous dissipation rate in concentrated suspensions

The constitutive equation proposed by Phillips et al. [Phys. Fluids A 4, 30 (1992)] for shear induced particle migration in viscous flows of concentrated suspensions is used to calculate the change in viscous dissipation rate occurring when the particle distribution changes from a homogeneous state to the steady state. Four cases of simple unidirectional flows are considered. Two of these cases were discussed by Phillips et al. and are revisited here. In all cases, the expected decrease in the dissipation rate is found to be considerable. The degree of reduction in dissipation rate is influenced by whether the shear‐induced migration is parallel or normal to the velocity gradient.