Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LDR-adapted liver-derived cytokines have potential to induce atherosclerosis

Abstract Purpose Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease that causes cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The association between radiation and atherosclerosis has already been demonstrated; however, the effects of low-dose radiation (LDR) exposure on atherosclerosis have not been reported. Our study aims to propose that LDR may cause atherosclerosis phenotypes by the upregulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and downregulation of androgen receptor (AR), which are cytokines secreted from the liver. Methods Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor deficient (Ldlr−/−) mice were irradiated at 50 mGy, 100 mGy, and 1000 mGy. LDR irradiated Ldlr−/− mice serum was analyzed by cytokine array and proteomics with silver staining. Oil Red O staining and BODIPY staining were performed to determine lipid accumulation in Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Foam cell formation and monocyte recruitment were assessed through co-culture system with HUVECs and THP-1 cells. Results After irradiation with LDR (100 mGy) the mice showed atherosclerotic phenotypes and through analysis results, we selected regulated cytokines, PAI-1 and AR, and found that these were changed in the liver. LDR-regulated cytokines have the potential to be transported to endothelial cells and induce lipid accumulation, inflammation of monocytes, increased oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and foam cells formation, that were series of phenotypes lead to plaque formation in endothelial cells and induces atherosclerosis. As a further aspect of this study, testosterone undecanoate (TU) was found to pharmacologically inhibit a series of atherosclerotic phenotypes exhibited by LDR. This study suggests a role for PAI-1 and AR in regulating the development of atherosclerosis after LDR exposure. Targeting PAI-1 and AR could serve as an attractive strategy for the management of atherosclerosis following LDR exposure.
Superconductivity at 5 K in quasi-one-dimensional Cr-based KCr 3 As 3 single crystals

Recently a new family of Cr-based A2Cr3As3 (A = K, Rb, Cs) superconductors were reported, which own a rare quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) crystal structure with infinite (Cr3As3)2- chains and exhibit intriguing superconducting characteristics possibly derived from spin-triplet electron pairing. The crystal structure of A2Cr3As3 is actually a slight variation of the hexagonal TlFe3Te3 prototype although they have different lattice symmetry. Here we report superconductivity in a 133-type KCr3As3 compound that belongs to the latter structure. The single crystals of KCr3As3 were prepared by the deintercalation of K ions from K2Cr3As3 crystals which were grown from a high-temperature solution growth method, and it owns a centrosymmetric lattice in contrast to the non-centrosymmetric K2Cr3As3. After annealing at a moderate temperature, the KCr3As3 crystals show bulk superconductivity at 5 K revealed by electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity measurements. The discovery of this KCr3As3 superconductor provides a different structural instance to study the exotic superconductivity in these Q1D Cr-based superconductors.
An improved dynamic Finite State Projection algorithm for the numerical solution of the chemical master equation with applications

Recently, Munsky and Khammash suggested the Finite State Projection (FSP) algorithm for the numerical solution of the Chemical Master Equation, which provides a discrete and stochastic modelling framework for chemical kinetics. The important question of whether or not the algorithm is guaranteed to terminate is not addressed in the original work. We show that the well-known explosive birth process provides a counter example. We also give sufficient criteria for a model to be suitable for the FSP technique. We demonstrate the FSP technique on three novel applications. Results are presented for: (i) the Schlogl reactions; (ii) another example from Gillespie's celebrated book; and (iii) models for the role that dimerization plays in reducing noise in simple gene regulatory networks. Finally, we augment the dimerization model to include tetramers and show that this enhances the noise reduction properties of the network.
Flares in GRB afterglows from delayed magnetic dissipation

One of the most intriguing discoveries made by the Swift satellite is the flaring activity in about half of the afterglow lightcurves. Flares have been observed on both long and short duration GRBs and on time scales that range from minutes to �1 day after the prompt emission. The rapid evolution of some flares led to the suggestion that they are caused by late central engine activity. Here, I propose an alternative explanation that does not need reviving of the central engine. Flares can be powered by delayed magnetic dissipation in strongly magnetized (i.e. with initial Poynting to kinetic flux ratio > 1) ejecta during its deceleration due to interaction with the external medium. A closer look at the length scales of the dissipation regions shows that magnetic dissipation can give rise to fast evolving and energetic flares. Multiple flares are also expected in the context of the model.
Paramagnetic instability at normal-metal superconductor interfaces

We study the proximity coherence in a mesoscopic normal-metal film (N) in contact with a superconductor (S). Accounting for a repulsive interaction between the electrons in the normal metal, we find an enhanced local density of states close to the NS interface. The sharp peak in the density is pinned to the Fermi energy and leads to spontaneous paramagnetic interface currents. The induced orbital magnetic moments exhibit the characteristic features of paramagnetic reentrance observed in normal-metal coated superconducting cylinders [Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 1514 (1990)].
Suitable initial conditions for Newtonian simulations with massive neutrinos

Initial conditions for cosmological N-body simulations are usually calculated by rescaling the present day linear power spectrum obtained from an Einstein-Boltzmann solver to the initial time employing the scale-independent matter growth function. For the baseline ΛCDM model, this has been shown to be consistent with General Relativity (GR) even in the presence of relativistic species such as photons. We show that this approach becomes significantly more complex in cosmologies with massive neutrinos and present an alternative method based on the Newtonian motion gauge framework.
The Sexual Incentive Motivation Model and Its Clinical Applications

ABSTRACT Sexual motivation (desire) requires the simultaneous presence of an active central motive state and a stimulus with sexual significance. Once activated, sexual motivation leads to visceral responses and approach behaviors directed toward the emitter of the sexual stimulus. In humans, such behaviors follow cognitive evaluation of the context, including predictions of the approached individual’s response. After successful approach and establishment of physical contact, manifest sexual activities may be initiated. Sexual interaction is associated with and followed by a state of positive affect in most animals, whereas aversive consequences may be experienced by humans. The affective reactions may become associated with stimuli present during sexual interaction, and these stimuli may thereby alter their incentive properties. Here we show how the incentive motivation model can be used to explain the origins and possible treatments of sexual dysfunctions, notably disorders of desire. We propose that associations formed between negative outcomes of sexual interaction and the salient stimuli, for example, the partner, underlies hypoactive desire disorder. Highly positive outcomes of sexual interaction enhance the incentive value of the stimuli present, and eventually lead to hyperactive sexual desire. Treatments aim to alter the impact of sexual incentives, mainly by modifying cognitive processes.
Global oscillations of a fluid torus as a modulation mechanism for black-hole high-frequency QPOs

We study strong-gravity effects on modulation of radiation emerging from accreting compact objects as a possible mechanism for flux modulation in QPOs. We construct a toy model of an oscillating torus in the slender approximation assuming thermal bremsstrahlung for the intrinsic emissivity of the medium and we compute observed (predicted) radiation signal including contribution of indirect (higher-order) images and caustics in the Schwarzschild spacetime. We show that the simplest oscillation mode in an accretion flow, axisymmetric up-and-down motion at the meridional epicyclic frequency, may be directly observable when it occurs in the inner parts of accretion flow around black holes. Together with the second oscillation mode, an in-and-out motion at the radial epicyclic frequency, it may then be responsible for the high-frequency modulations of the X-ray flux observed at two distinct frequencies (twin HF-QPOs) in micro-quasars. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Alignment of galaxies relative to their local environment in SDSS-DR8

We study the alignment of galaxies relative to their local environment in SDSS-DR8 and, using these data, we discuss evolution scenarios for different types of galaxies. We defined a vector field of the direction of anisotropy of the local environment of galaxies. We summed the unit direction vectors of all close neighbours of a given galaxy in a particular way to estimate this field. We found the alignment angles between the spin axes of disc galaxies, or the minor axes of elliptical galaxies, and the direction of anisotropy. The distributions of cosines of these angles are compared to the random distributions to analyse the alignment of galaxies. Sab galaxies show perpendicular alignment relative to the direction of anisotropy in a sparse environment, for single galaxies and galaxies of low luminosity. Most of the parallel alignment of Scd galaxies comes from dense regions, from 2.3 member groups and from galaxies with low luminosity. The perpendicular alignment of S0 galaxies does not depend strongly on environmental density nor luminosity; it is detected for single and 2.3 member group galaxies, and for main galaxies of 4.10 member groups. The perpendicular alignment of elliptical galaxies is clearly detected for single galaxies and for members of < 11 member groups; the alignment increases with environmental density and luminosity. We confirm the existence of fossil tidally induced alignment of Sab galaxies at low z. The alignment of Scd galaxies can be explained via the infall of matter to filaments. S0 galaxies may have encountered relatively massive mergers along the direction of anisotropy. Major mergers along this direction can explain the alignment of elliptical galaxies. Less massive, but repeated mergers are possibly responsible for the formation of elliptical galaxies in sparser areas and for less luminous elliptical galaxies.
Andreev reflection off a fluctuating superconductor in the absence of equilibrium

Andreev reflection between a normal metal and a superconductor whose order parameter exhibits quantum phase fluctuations is examined. The approach chosen is nonperturbative in the tunneling Hamiltonian and enables us to probe the whole range of voltage biases up to the gap amplitude. Results are illustrated using the one-dimensional Josephson junction array model previously introduced in the linear response regime. Phase fluctuations are shown to affect the differential conductance and are compared to the result of Blonder, Tinkham, and Klapwijk for a rigid BCS superconductor. The noise spectrum of the Andreev current is also obtained and its second derivative with respect to frequency is proposed as a direct tool to analyze the phase fluctuations.
Compton-thick AGNs in the NuSTAR Era. II. A Deep NuSTAR and XMM-Newton View of the Candidate Compton-thick AGN in NGC 1358

We present the combined NuSTAR and XMM-Newton 0.6–79 keV spectral analysis of a Seyfert 2 galaxy, NGC 1358, which we selected as a candidate Compton-thick (CT) active galactic nucleus (AGN) on the basis of previous Swift/BAT and Chandra studies. According to our analysis, NGC 1358 is confirmed to be a CT-AGN using physically motivated models, at >3σ confidence level. Our best fit shows that the column density along the line of sight of the obscuring material surrounding the accreting supermassive black hole is NH = (1.96–2.80) × 1024 cm−2. The high-quality data from NuSTAR give the best constraints on the spectral shape above ∼10 keV to date on NGC 1358. Moreover, by combining NuSTAR and XMM-Newton data, we find that the obscuring torus has a low covering factor (fc < 0.17), and the obscuring material is distributed in clumps, rather than uniformly. We also derive an estimate of NGC 1358's Eddington ratio, finding it to be λEdd ∼ × 10−2, which is in acceptable agreement with previous measurements. Finally, we find no evidence of short-term variability, over a ∼100 ks time span, in terms of both line-of-sight column density and flux.
Entanglement and Complete Positivity: Relevance and Manifestations in Classical Scalar Wave Optics

Entanglement of states and Complete Positivity of maps are concepts that have achieved physical importance with the recent growth of quantum information science. They are however mathematically relevant whenever tensor products of complex linear (Hilbert) spaces are involved. We present such situations in classical scalar paraxial wave optics where these concepts play a role: propagation characteristics of coherent and partially coherent Gaussian beams; and the definition and separability of the family of Twisted Gaussian Schell Model (TGSM) beams. In the former, the evolution of the width of a projected one‐dimensional beam is shown to be a signature of entanglement in a two‐dimensional amplitude. In the latter, the partial transpose operation is seen to explain key properties of TGSM beams.
Minimally invasive off‐pump anaortic coronary artery bypass (MACAB)

Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass has enabled coronary artery bypass graft to compete with the appeal of less invasive percutaneous coronary procedures. Favorable results of coronary artery bypass surgery performed without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass and without touching the aorta (anOPCAB) have enabled the development and use of minimally invasive methods.
Accelerated Discovery of Efficient Solar-cell Materials using Quantum and Machine-learning Methods.

Solar-energy plays an important role in solving serious environmental problems and meeting high-energy demand. However, the lack of suitable materials hinders further progress of this technology. Here, we present the largest inorganic solar-cell material search to date using density functional theory (DFT) and machine-learning approaches. We calculated the spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency (SLME) using Tran-Blaha modified Becke-Johnson potential for 5097 non-metallic materials and identified 1997 candidates with an SLME higher than 10%, including 934 candidates with suitable convex-hull stability and effective carrier mass. Screening for 2D-layered cases, we found 58 potential materials and performed G0W0 calculations on a subset to estimate the prediction-uncertainty. As the above DFT methods are still computationally expensive, we developed a high accuracy machine learning model to pre-screen efficient materials and applied it to over a million materials. Our results provide a general framework and universal strategy for the design of high-efficiency solar cell materials. The data and tools are publicly distributed at: https://www.ctcms. nist.gov/~knc6/JVASP.html, https://www.ctcms. nist.gov/jarvisml/, https://jarvis.nist.gov/ and https://github.com/usnistgov/jarvis.
Connective constants and height functions for Cayley graphs

The connective constant $\mu(G)$ of an infinite transitive graph $G$ is the exponential growth rate of the number of self-avoiding walks from a given origin. In earlier work of Grimmett and Li, a locality theorem was proved for connective constants, namely, that the connective constants of two graphs are close in value whenever the graphs agree on a large ball around the origin. A condition of the theorem was that the graphs support so-called 'unimodular graph height functions'. When the graphs are Cayley graphs of infinite, finitely generated groups, there is a special type of unimodular graph height function termed here a 'group height function'. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a group height function is presented, and may be applied in the context of the bridge constant, and of the locality of connective constants for Cayley graphs. Locality may thereby be established for a variety of infinite groups including those with strictly positive deficiency. It is proved that a large class of Cayley graphs support unimodular graph height functions, that are in addition harmonic on the graph. This implies, for example, the existence of unimodular graph height functions for the Cayley graphs of finitely generated solvable groups. It turns out that graphs with non-unimodular automorphism subgroups also possess graph height functions, but the resulting graph height functions need not be harmonic. Group height functions, as well as the graph height functions of the previous paragraph, are non-constant harmonic functions with linear growth and an additional property of having periodic differences. The existence of such functions on Cayley graphs is a topic of interest beyond their applications in the theory of self-avoiding walks.
Blood vessels in fat tissues and vasculature-derived signals in controlling lipid metabolism and metabolic disease

metabolism by transporting adipose-derived hormones, growth factors, and other signaling molecules. Vasculatures in adipose tissues regulate in ﬂ ammation by recruiting or disseminating in ﬂ ammatory cells. Vascular cells including endothelial cells and perivascular cells produce paracrine factors to modulate preadipocyte differentiation and metabolic functions in mature adipocytes. Blood vessels control thermogenesis in metabolically active browning white adipocytes and brown adipocytes. Vasculatures modulate complex interactions between adipocytes and other stromal cells such as mesenchymal stromal cells and in ﬂ ammatory cells.
Metabolic Disposition of Triazolam and Clobazam in Humanized CYP3A Mice with a Double-Knockout Background of Mouse Cyp2c and Cyp3a Genes

Knockout (KO) of mouse Cyp3a genes increases the expression of hepatic CYP2C enzymes, which can metabolize triazolam, a typical substrate of human CYP3A. There is still marked formation of 1’-hydroxytriazolam in Cyp3a-KO (3aKO) mice after triazolam dosing. Here, we generated a new model of humanized CYP3A (hCYP3A) mice with a double-KO background of Cyp3a and Cyp2c genes (2c3aKO), and we examined the metabolic profiles of triazolam in wild-type (WT), 2c3aKO, and hCYP3A/2c3aKO mice in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies using liver microsomes showed that the formation of 1’-hydroxytriazolam in 2c3aKO mice was less than 8% of that in WT mice. The formation rate of 1’-hydroxytriazolam in hCYP3A/2c3aKO mice was eightfold higher than that in 2c3aKO mice. In vivo studies showed that area under the curve (AUC) of 1’-hydroxytriazolam in 2c3aKO mice was less than 3% of that in WT mice. The AUC of 1’-hydroxytriazolam in hCYP3A/2c3aKO mice was sixfold higher than that in 2c3aKO mice. These results showed that formation of 1’-hydroxytriazolam was significantly decreased in 2c3aKO mice. Metabolic functions of human CYP3A enzymes were distinctly found in hCYP3A mice with the 2c3aKO background. Moreover, hCYP3A/2c3aKO mice treated with clobazam showed human CYP3A-mediated formation of desmethylclobazam and prolonged elimination of desmethylclobazam, which is found in poor metabolizers of CYP2C19. The novel hCYP3A mouse model without mouse Cyp2c and Cyp3a genes (hCYP3A/2c3aKO) is expected to be useful to evaluate human CYP3A-mediated metabolism in vivo. SIGNIFICANT STATEMENT Humanized CYP3A (hCYP3A/2c3aKO) mice with a background of double knockout (KO) for mouse Cyp2c and Cyp3a genes were generated. Although CYP2C enzymes played a compensatory role in the metabolism of triazolam to 1’-hydroxytriazolam in the previous hCYP3A/3aKO mice with Cyp2c genes, the novel hCYP3A/2c3aKO mice clearly showed functions of human CYP3A enzymes introduced by chromosome engineering technology.
Solitary intraventricular tumors in dogs and cats treated with radiotherapy alone or combined with ventriculoperitoneal shunts: A retrospective descriptive case series

Abstract Background Intraventricular tumors are rare, optimal treatment is not defined. Symptomatic patients often exhibit life‐threatening hydrocephalus. With several months time‐to‐effect after radiotherapy (RT), increased intracranial pressure is concerning. This increase in pressure can be overcome by ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS). Objectives Retrospective evaluation of outcome and complications in dogs and cats with intracranial tumors treated with either RT or VPS/RT. Animals Twelve client‐owned cats and dogs. Methods Dogs and cats with symptomatic intraventricular tumors treated with definitive‐intent RT or VPS/RT were included in a retrospective, descriptive case series. Complications, tumor volume evolution, time‐to‐progression, and survival time were determined. Results Twelve animals were included: 1 cat and 5 dogs treated with single‐modality RT and 4 cats and 2 dogs treated with VPS/RT. Neurological worsening seen in 4/6 animals during single‐modality RT and 2/6 died during RT (suspected brain herniation). All dogs with VPS normalized clinically by the end of RT or earlier. Complications occurred in 4/6 animals, all but 1 were successfully managed surgically. Imaging follow‐up in 8 animals surviving RT showed a marked decrease in tumor volume. Median survival time was 162 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16; infinity) for animals treated with RT and 1103 days (95%CI: 752; infinity) for animals treated with VPS/RT. Median time‐to‐progression was 71 days (95%CI: 7; infinity) and 895 days (95%CI: 704; infinity) for each group, respectively. Two dogs died because of intraventricular metastasis 427 and 461 days after single‐modality RT. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Ventriculoperitoneal shunting led to rapid normalization of neurological signs and RT had a measurable effect on tumor volume. Combination of VPS/RT seems to be beneficial.
Correlations in ultracold trapped few-boson systems: Transition from condensation to fermionization

We study the correlation properties of the ground states of few ultracold bosons, trapped in double wells of varying barrier height in one dimension. Extending previous results on the signature of the transition from a Bose-condensed state via fragmentation to the hard-core limit, we provide a deeper understanding of that transition by relating it to the loss of coherence in the one-body density matrix and to the emerging long-range tail in the momentum spectrum. These are accounted for in detail by discussing the natural orbitals and their occupations. Our discussion is complemented by an analysis of the two-body correlation function.