Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting the structural, optoelectronic, dynamical stability and transport properties of Boron-doped CaTiO3: DFT based study

Undoped and B-doped CaTiO3 Semiconductor Perovskite is investigated by the Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Boltzman transport theory (BoltzTraP) using full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method with GGA-PBE approximation. By incorporating B into CaTiO3, the electrical band gap is effectively reduced, and adjusting the substitution atom type may regulate the degree of band gap reduction. As a result, the visible light absorption ability is increased. Our results indicate that all doped structures are highly absorbent and productive, with optical transition energy of between 2 and 4 eV. Temperature-dependent transport characteristics are also determined, which favors undoped CaTiO3 at room temperature and B-doped CaTiO3 at elevated ones.
Dark Sector Mass Relations from RG Focusing

Dark sector mass relations, such as those which permit near-threshold or near-resonance annihilation in the early universe, could arise due to IR-attractive ratios in renormalization group equations. Achieving a particular ratio requires specific dark matter gauge charges or interactions, leading to predictions about the dark matter properties. Furthermore, additional states with masses comparable to the dark matter mass may be necessary, potentially giving rise to novel phenomenology. We explore this idea in the context of dark matter charged under a new gauged U(1)X that kinetically mixes with the Standard Model hypercharge.
Minimal Liouville Gravity on the Torus via Matrix Models

In this paper we use recent results on resonance relations between the matrix models and the minimal Liouville gravity to compute the torus correlation numbers in (3,p) minimal Liouville gravity. Namely, we calculate the torus generating partition function of the (3,p) matrix models and use it to obtain the one- and two-point correlation numbers in the minimal Liouville gravity.
On a class of complex Monge-Ampere type equations on Hermitian manifolds

We study the Dirichlet problem for a class of complex Monge-Ampère equations on Hermitian manifolds with smooth boundary and data, which turns to second order fully nonlinear elliptic differential equations. Under the condition that there exists an admissible subsolution, we solve the problem by method of continuity. To apply the standard arguments, the key step is to derive a priori estimates up to second order derivatives. Also, we are interested in the equations on closed manifolds, i.e. compact manifolds without boundary. A new relationship between χ and ω is discovered, and can help us derive sharper C estimates. Based on the new estimates, we can derive the C estimate and then C∞ estimates on closed Hermitian manifolds. Besides the method of continuity, parabolic flow method is also an effective way to solve second order elliptic equations. We introduce the related parabolic flows, and investigate the regularity and existence of solutions to the flows. To apply EvansKrylov theory and Schauder estimates, we establish a priori estimates up to second order derivatives of admissible solutions. As a result, an admissible solution converges to a stationary solution, which solves the Dirichlet problem.
Graphene Physics in Graphite

Single layers of carbon dubbed “graphene”, from which graphite is built, have attracted broad interest in the scientific community because of recent exciting experimental results. Graphene is interesting from a fundamental research perspective, as well as for potential technological applications. Here, we provide a brief overview of recent developments in this field, focusing especially on the electronic properties of graphite. Experimental evidence indicates that high‐quality graphite is a multi‐layer system with nearly decoupled 2D graphene planes. Based on experimental observations, we anticipate that thin graphite samples and not single layers will be the most promising candidates for graphene‐based electronics.
First-passage theory of exciton population loss in single-walled carbon nanotubes reveals micron-scale intrinsic diffusion lengths

One-dimensional crystals have long range translational invariance which manifests as long exciton diffusion lengths, but such intrinsic properties are often obscured by environmental perturbations. We use a first-passage approach to model single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) exciton dynamics (including exciton-exciton annihilation and end effects) and compare it to results from both continuous-wave and multipulse ultrafast excitation experiments to extract intrinsic SWCNT properties. Excitons in suspended SWCNTs experience macroscopic diffusion lengths, on the order of the SWCNT length (1.3--4.7 $\ensuremath{\mu}$m), in sharp contrast to encapsulated samples. For these pristine samples, our model reveals intrinsic lifetimes (350--750 ps), diffusion constants (130--350 cm${}^{2}$/s), and absorption cross sections (2.1--$3.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}$ cm${}^{2}$/atom) among the highest previously reported.
Cepheid theoretical models and observations in HST/WFC3 filters: the effect on the Hubble constant H0

We present a complete theoretical scenario for classical Cepheids in the most commonly used HST/WFC3 filters, going from optical (F555W, F606W and F814W) to near– infrared (F160W) bands. The importance of such a study is related to the recent release of new classical Cepheids observed with HST/WFC3 in 8 distant galaxies where SNIa are hosted. These observations have posed sound constraints to the current distance scale with uncertainties on the Hubble constant H0 smaller than 3%. Our models explore a large range of metallicity and Helium content, thus providing a robust and unique theoretical tool for describing these new and future HST/WFC3 observations. As expected, the Period–Luminosity (PL) relation in F160W filter is linear and slightly dependent on the metallicity when compared with optical bands, thus it seems the most accurate tool to constrain extragalactic distances with Cepheids. We compare the pulsation properties of Cepheids observed with HST/WFC3– IR with our theoretical scenario and we discuss the agreement with the predicted Instability Strip for all the investigated galaxy samples including the case of NGC4258. Finally, adopting our theoretical F160W PL relation for Z=0.02 and log P � > 1.0, we derive new distance moduli. In particular, for NGC 4258, we derive a distance modulus µ0 = 29.345 ± 0.004 mag with a σ = 0.34 mag, which is in very good agreement with the geometrical maser value. Moreover, using the obtained distance moduli, we estimate the Hubble constant value, H0 =76.0±1.9 km s 1 Mpc 1 in excellent agreement with the most recent literature values.
Equiatomic quaternary Heusler alloys: A material perspective for spintronic applications

Half-metallic ferromagnetic (HMF) materials show high spin polarization and are therefore interesting to researchers due to their possible applications in spintronic devices. In these materials, while one spin sub band has a finite density of states at the Fermi level, the other sub band has a gap. Because of their high Curie temperature (TC) and tunable electronic structure, HMF Heusler alloys have a special importance among the HMF materials. Full Heusler alloys with the stoichiometric composition X2YZ (where X and Y are the transition metals and Z is a sp element) have the cubic L21 structure with four interpenetrating fcc sublattices. When each of these four fcc sublattices is occupied by different atoms (XX′YZ), a quaternary Heusler structure with different structural symmetries (space group F-43m, #216) is obtained. Recently, these equiatomic quaternary Heusler alloys (EQHAs) with 1:1:1:1 stoichiometry have attracted a lot of attention due to their superior magnetic and transport properties. A speci.
Nuclear spin polarization following intermediate-energy heavy-ion reactions

Intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions can produce a spin polarization of the projectile-like species. Spin polarization has been observed for both nucleon removal and nucleon pickup processes. Qualitative agreement with measured spin polarization as a function of the momentum of the projectile-like fragment is found in a kinematic model that considers conservation of linear and angular momentum and assumes peripheral interactions between the fast projectile and target. Better quantitative agreement was reached by including more realistic angular distributions and deorientation caused by {gamma}-ray emission and by correcting for the out-of-plane acceptance. The newly introduced corrections were found to apply to both nucleon removal and nucleon pickup processes.
Characterization of electron detectors by time-of-flight in neutron \b{eta} decay experiments

Progress in neutron decay experiments requires better methods for the characterization of electron detectors. I show that for such \b{eta}-decay studies, electron time-of-flight can be used for in-situ calibration of electron detectors. Energy resolution down to a few keV can be reached for the lower part of the electron spectrum in neutron decay, where conventional calibration methods come to their limit. Novel time-of-flight methods can also be used to perform a complete experiment on electron backscattering from their detectors.
The use of adenoviral vectors in gene therapy and vaccine approaches

Abstract Adenovirus was first identified in the 1950s and since then this pathogenic group of viruses has been explored and transformed into a genetic transfer vehicle. Modification or deletion of few genes are necessary to transform it into a conditionally or non-replicative vector, creating a versatile tool capable of transducing different tissues and inducing high levels of transgene expression. In the early years of vector development, the application in monogenic diseases faced several hurdles, including short-term gene expression and even a fatality. On the other hand, an adenoviral delivery strategy for treatment of cancer was the first approved gene therapy product. There is an increasing interest in expressing transgenes with therapeutic potential targeting the cancer hallmarks, inhibiting metastasis, inducing cancer cell death or modulating the immune system to attack the tumor cells. Replicative adenovirus as vaccines may be even older and date to a few years of its discovery, application of non-replicative adenovirus for vaccination against different microorganisms has been investigated, but only recently, it demonstrated its full potential being one of the leading vaccination tools for COVID-19. This is not a new vector nor a new technology, but the result of decades of careful and intense work in this field.
Extracting high fidelity quantum computer hardware from random systems

An overview of current status and prospects of the development of quantum computer hardware based on inorganic crystals doped with rare-earth ions are presented. Major parts of the experimental work in this area have been done in two places, Canberra, Australia and Lund, Sweden, and the present description follows more closely the Lund work. Techniques will be described that include optimal filtering of the initially inhomogeneously broadened profile down to well separated and narrow ensembles, as well as the use of advanced pulse-shaping in order to achieve robust arbitrary single-qubit operations with fidelities above 90%, as characterized by quantum state tomography. It is expected that full scalability of these systems will require the ability to determine the state of single rare-earth ions. It has been proposed that this can be done using special readout ions doped into the crystal and an update is given on the work to find and characterize such ions. Finally, a few aspects on possibilities for remote entanglement of ions in separate rare-earth-ion-doped crystals are considered.
Detecting zoonotic and non‐zoonotic pathogens in livestock and their ticks in Corsican wetlands

Abstract Background Corsica is a large French island in the Mediterranean Sea with high human and animal migration rates, especially near wetlands where these migrations are particularly frequent. Among the livestock populations, cattle and sheep are widely present all across the entire Mediterranean region. Trade can be responsible for the circulation of numerous pathogens and their vectors, thereby representing a health and economic threat for the livestock industry. Objectives The objective of our study was to investigate the presence of pathogens in cattle and sheep farms in the wetlands of Corsica using a high‐throughput screening technique. Methods In our study, blood samples and ticks were collected from cattle and sheep in 20 municipalities near Corsican wetlands to screen for the presence of various types of pathogens. The samples were processed using a high‐throughput screening technique based on real‐time microfluidic PCR: 45 pathogens were screened in 47 samples simultaneously. Results A total of 372 cattle and 74 sheep were sampled, and 444 ticks were collected from cattle. Out of the eight tick species detected, the main one was Rhipicephalus bursa (38.7% of the ticks collected). From cattle blood samples, one species and two genera were found: Anaplasma marginale, Trypanosoma sp. and Babesia sp. in respectively 61.5%, 58.3% and 12.2% of the cattle blood samples. From sheep blood samples, 74.3% were positive for Anaplasma sp, 2.7% for Anaplasma ovis and 1.4% for Anaplasma capra. This is the first report of A. ovis DNA in blood samples from sheep in Corsica. Out of 444 the tick samples, 114 were positive: 77.2% for Rickettsia aeschlimannii, 20.2% for Rickettsia sp. , 3.5% for Babesia sp. and 1.8% for Anaplasma sp. Among them, 2.7% were co‐infected with R. aeschlimannii and Babesia sp. Conclusions Our results confirm the extent of possible circulation of different pathogens near Corsican wetlands, not only in ticks collected from livestock but also directly in cattle and sheep, with two (Trypanosoma sp. and Babesia sp.) being detected for the first time in cattle, one for the first time in sheep (A. ovis) and one for the first time in Corsica (A. capra)
Neural correlates of learning in a linear discriminant analysis brain-computer interface paradigm

Objective. With practice, the control of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) would improve over time; the neural correlate for such learning had not been well studied. We demonstrated here that monkeys controlling a motor BCI using a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) decoder could learn to make the firing patterns of the recorded neurons more distinct over a short period of time for different output classes to improve task performance. Approach. Using an LDA decoder, we studied two Macaque monkeys implanted with microelectrode arrays as they controlled the movement of a mobile robotic platform. The LDA decoder mapped high-dimensional neuronal firing patterns linearly onto a lower-dimensional linear discriminant (LD) space, and we studied the changes in the spatial coordinates of these neural signals in the LD space over time, and their correspondence to trial performance. Direction selectivity was quantified with permutation feature importance (FI). Main results. We observed that, within individual sessions, there was a tendency for the points in the LD space encoding different directions to diverge, leading to fewer misclassification errors, and, hence, improvement in task accuracy. Accuracy was correlated with the presence of channels with strong directional preference (i.e. high FI), as well as a varied population code (i.e. high variance in FI distribution). Significance. We emphasized the importance of studying the short-term/intra-sessional variations in neural representations during the use of BCI. Over the course of individual sessions, both monkeys could modulate their neural activities to create increasingly distinct neural representations.
On computing the singular value decomposition

The most well-known and widely-used algorithm for computing the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of an m x n rectangular matrix A nowadays is the Golub-Reinsch algorithm [1971]. In this paper, it is shown that by (1) first triangularizing the matrix A by Householder transformations before bidiagonalizing it, and (2) accumulating some left transformations on a n x n array instead of on an m x n array, the resulting algorithm is often more efficient than the Golub-Reinsch algorithm, especially for matrices with considerably more rows than columns (m << n), such as in least squares applications. The two algorithms are compared in terms of operation counts, and computational experiments that have been carried out verify the theoretical comparisons. The modified algorithm is more efficient even when m is only slightly greater than n, and in some cases can achieve as much as 50% savings when m << n. If accumulation of left transformations is desired, then $n^2$ extra storage locations are required (relatively small if m << n), but otherwise no extra storage is required. The modified algorithm uses only orthogonal transformations and is therefore numerically stable. In the Appendix, we give the Fortran code of a hybrid method which automatically selects the more efficient of the two algorithms to use depending upon the input values for m and n.
Structured epitaxial graphene: growth and properties

Graphene is generally considered to be a strong candidate to succeed silicon as an electronic material. However, to date, it actually has not yet demonstrated capabilities that exceed standard semiconducting materials. Currently demonstrated viable graphene devices are essentially limited to micrometre-sized ultrahigh-frequency analogue field effect transistors and quantum Hall effect devices for metrology. Nanoscopically patterned graphene tends to have disordered edges that severely reduce mobilities thereby obviating its advantage over other materials. Here we show that graphene grown on structured silicon carbide surfaces overcomes the edge roughness and promises to provide an inroad into nanoscale patterning of graphene. We show that high-quality ribbons and rings can be made using this technique. We also report on the progress towards high-mobility graphene monolayers on silicon carbide for device applications.
A new method for assessing transverse sinus stenosis with CT venography based on the venous trans-stenotic pressure gradient

Background Evaluation of the transverse sinus stenosis (TSS) is essential for TSS-related diseases. Objective To investigate a new method for the quantitative assessment of TSS based on the correlation between TSS and trans-stenotic pressure gradient (TPG). Methods Patients with unilateral pulsatile tinnitus with or without idiopathic intracranial hypertension were retrospectively included. All patients underwent CT venography and venous manometry and were confirmed to have TSS. The cross-sectional diameter/area of TSS, the poststenotic and prestenotic segments, and the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) were measured. The degree of TSS was calculated by dividing the diameter/area of TSS by the diameter/area of the poststenotic segment (M1/M2), prestenotic segment (M3/M4), and SSS (M5/M6). Partial correlation analysis (controlling for the effect of age, sex, outflow laterality, and contralateral stenosis) was performed to evaluate the correlation between M1–M6 and the TPG. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of M1–M6 for diagnosing a significant TPG (≥8 mm Hg) was performed. Results Ninety-nine patients met the inclusion criteria. The partial correlation coefficients between M1–M6 and the TPG were 0.60, 0.61, 0.43, 0.48, 0.39, and 0.54, respectively. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of M1–M6 for diagnosing a significant TPG were 0.81, 0.86, 0.68, 0.69, 0.64, and 0.72, respectively. The AUC of M2 was significantly larger than that of M3 (P=0.002), M4 (P<0.001), M5 (P=0.001), and M6 (P<0.001). Conclusions Quantitatively assessing TSS by taking the ratio of the cross-sectional area of TSS to that of the poststenotic segment might be a more efficient method for predicting the TPG.
The ρ-Geminid meteoroid stream : orbits, spectroscopic data and implications for its parent body

By using an array of high-sensitivity CCD video devices and spectrographs, the activity of meteor events from the poorly-known $\rho$-Geminid meteoroid stream has been monitored during January 2012 and 2013. As a result of this research, the atmospheric trajectory and radiant position of 10 of these events has been obtained, but also the orbital parameters of the progenitor meteoroids and the tensile strength of these particles. The data reveal that the progenitor of this stream must be a comet. In addition, the emission spectra produced by three $\rho$-Geminid meteors were also recorded. These are the first $\rho$-Geminid spectra discussed in the scientific literature, and have provided clues about the chemical nature of these meteoroids and their parent body.
Acute kidney injury in the tropics

The tropics are a region consisting of more than 125 countries, accounting for 40% of the world's population. The region's population is expected to increase up to 60% in the coming decades. Many tropical countries continue to experience public health problems such as high rates of infectious diseases, lack of sanitation, climate change impacts, poor regulation of herbal medicines and low access to healthcare. These conditions produce the unique problem of tropical acute kidney injury (AKI), which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Tropical infections such as leptospirosis, dengue and malaria have varied mechanisms of AKI, including both direct kidney invasion and indirect effects, depending on the disease characteristics. Animal toxins from snakebites and arthropods along with plant toxins, such as djenkol beans, starfruit and herbal medicine, are characterized by a harmful renal effect from each toxic substance. Environmental factors such as heat stress, natural disasters and chemical compounds also lead to AKI and have a systemic effect from their own pathogenesis. The long‐term kidney prognosis varies among these etiologies depending on the cause and severity of disease. However, all these conditions are potentially preventable and treatable. Prompt management and good preventive approaches are needed. This article will focus on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and management of AKI associated with tropical infections, toxins and environment impacts.
Health Misinformation Exposure and Health Disparities: Observations and Opportunities.

The concepts of health misinformation and health disparities have been prominent in public health literature in recent years, in part because of the threat that each notion poses to public health. How exactly are misinformation proliferation and health disparities related, however? What roles might misinformation play in explaining the health disparities that we have documented in the United States and elsewhere? How might we mitigate the effects of misinformation exposure among people facing relatively poor health outcomes? In this review, we address such questions by first defining health disparities and misinformation as concepts and then considering how misinformation exposure might theoretically affect health decision-making and account for disparate health behavior and health outcomes. We also assess the potential for misinformation-focused interventions to address health disparities based on available literature and call for future research to address gaps in our current evidence base. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health, Volume 44 is April 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.