Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of participant characteristics in theory-based behavior change interventions for physical activity in multiple sclerosis: are we missing those with the greatest potential for lifelong benefits?

Abstract Purpose This study examined participant characteristics, particularly disease duration, in theory-based physical activity behavior change trials in multiple sclerosis (MS) and summarized theoretical frameworks and changes in physical activity outcomes. Materials and methods PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus were searched to identify potential trials. One reviewer screened titles and abstracts, and two reviewers then independently screened full-text articles based on predetermined eligibility criteria. Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked by a second reviewer. Results Among 33 trials reviewed, only one trial reported a mean disease duration of less than five years (i.e., 4.5 years) for the sample. The remaining trials included samples with a mean disease duration of 6.7 years or longer. The most common theories used were Social Cognitive Theory, Trans-theoretical Model, and Motivational Interviewing. The effects on physical activity were heterogeneous; device-measured outcomes increased in 41.4% of studies, self-reported outcomes improved in 72.4%. Adherence (≥80%) was reported in 34.5% of studies. Conclusions There is little focus on persons with MS in the early disease course in physical activity behavior change interventions. Future research should include comprehensive theoretical approaches for more homogeneous effects across outcome measures when targeting those in the early stage and all MS populations. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Theory-based physical activity behavior change interventions have not included persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) in the early disease course (<5 years since diagnosis). Disease duration has not been a criterion used to include or exclude participants in the reviewed theory-based behavior change interventions for physical activity in people with MS. The theory-based behavior change interventions in this review positively affected short-term physical activity levels in people with MS.
I Can Achieve Intrauterine Growth Rete if You Give Me Enough Nutrition: Preterm Infant Born at ≤29 Weeks Gestation

Introduction: In general, everyone believes that the smallest preterm infants should achieve normal intrauterine growth rates, but many thinks that this is not possible with current nutrition guidelines. There is resistance to giving enough nutrition for fear of "toxicity". The difference in weight Z-score between birth and a corrected gestational age (CGA) at discharge is assess in postnatal growth in our unit. Material and methods: An observational study was done between January 2018 and December 2020 where all cases that had ≤ 29 weeks of GA at birth and survived to 36 weeks corrected GA or that were discharged home. An aggressive nutrition protocol including parenteral as well as enteral nutrition was followed. Patients and their weight trajectory was plotted on the Fenton 2013 growth curve. The patients who had had a smaller WZP difference were also plotted. Results: A total of 32 cases were found. The median change in Z-score between birth and discharge of the whole group was -0.52 (IQR 0.53). Six of 32 (19%) had a more than one WZP, all of whom had severe pathologies. The median decline in Z score for this group with poor growth was 1.24 (IQR 0.22). There were 26 cases with a < 1 WZP (81%) and a median Z score fall of 0.39 (IQR 0.55). No important complications secondary to the ingested volumes or parenteral nutrition were reported. Conclusion: The group of cases with a > 1 WZP drop had severe pathologies. All the other cases had adequate growth parallel to normal weight growth charts and a few cases had some catch-up growth. The study showed that it is possible for many preterm infants to achieve normal intrauterine growth rates if they are given enough nutrition, but bigger multicenter studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Porphyromonas Gingivalis Infection Induces Synaptic Failure via Increased IL-1β Production in Leptomeningeal Cells.

BACKGROUND Studies have reported that synaptic failure occurs before the Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset. The systemic Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) infection is involved in memory decline. We previously showed that leptomeningeal cells, covering the brain, activate glial cells by releasing IL-1β in response to systemic inflammation. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we focused on the impact of leptomeningeal cells on neurons during systemic P. gingivalis infection. METHODS The responses of leptomeningeal cells and cortical neurons to systemic P. gingivalis infection were examined in 15-month-old mice. The mechanism of IL-1β production by P. gingivalis infected leptomeningeal cells was examined, and primary cortical neurons were treated with P. gingivalis infected leptomeningeal cells condition medium (Pg LCM). RESULTS Systemic P. gingivalis infection increased the expression of IL-1β in leptomeninges and reduced the synaptophysin (SYP) expression in leptomeninges proximity cortex in mice. Leptomeningeal cells phagocytosed P. gingivalis resulting in lysosomal rupture and Cathepsin B (CatB) leakage. Leaked CatB mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation inducing IL-1β secretion in leptomeningeal cells. Pg LCM decreased the expression of synaptic molecules, including SYP, which was inhibited by an IL-1 receptor antagonist pre-treatment. CONCLUSION These observations demonstrate that P. gingivalis infection is involved in synaptic failure by inducing CatB/NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production in leptomeningeal cells. The periodontal bacteria-induced synaptic damage may accelerate the onset and cognitive decline of AD.
Cannabis Consumption in Dispensaries: Public Health Implications of an Emerging Practice.

Within the past few years, California and other states have legalized the smoking, vaping, and dabbing of cannabis inside the dispensaries where it is sold, as well as in cannabis lounges. All three forms of consumption release aerosols, including fine particulate matter (PM2:5), which can penetrate the lungs of people nearby. In a new study published in Environmental Health Perspectives, researchers from the University of California (UC), San Francisco, reported that concentrations of PM2:5 in one dispensary were 28 times higher during working hours than when the business was closed—a finding with potentially important public health and policy implications. The researchers used two laser photometers to measure PM2:5 continuously over 5 weeks within the dispensary. Cannabis vaping and dabbing occurred at two tables at one corner of the room; this particular dispensary did not allow smoking. Over the entire 5 wk, the researchers measured an average 84 lg=m3 PM2:5 (plus or minus a standard deviation of 124 lg=m3) during working hours and 3 lg=m3 (± 7 lg=m3) when the business was closed. Comparing median concentrations across 2-hour intervals, the highest value, 76 lg=m3, occurred during the period of 1700– 1900 hours. These values correspond to PM2:5 levels found in indoor spaces that allow cigarette smoking, according to the authors. However, they note that dabbing and vaping likely produce lower levels of PM2:5 than smoking cannabis in a similar spacewith similar ventilation because smoking creates more sidestream smoke. Sidestream smoke comes off a burning cigarette, joint, cigar, or pipe in between puffs. It ismore toxic, per gramof particles, thanmainstream smoke, which is directly inhaled. Secondhand smoke, which includes sidestream and exhaledmainstream smoke, is the most toxic of the three due to the effects of chemical aging and interaction with surfaces and other chemicals in the environment, says coauthor Suzaynn Schick, an associate professor of occupational and environmental medicine atUCSan Francisco. “I wasn’t surprised by our findings,” Schick says. “If you vape and dab indoors, you will increase PM2:5 the same as if you smoke, spray air freshener, or fry onions. ” She expresses concern over the study’s potential public health implications, especially
PRE- SEPSIS BIOMARKER: HDL (HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS)

Background: Delay in diagnosis and initiation of antibiotics treatment during sepsis have been shown to increase mortality. Biomarkers can play an important role in diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between septicemia and high density lipoproteins (HDL) level in burned patients. Method: A prospective study conducted at Al-Sadr teaching hospital, Maysan, Iraq, during period from April to September 2013. Blood samples were collected from patient every other day to measure the level of HDL and triglycerides. Other blood samples were collected in blood culture tubes for culturing to verify septicemia. Results: Seventy five patients were admitted consecutively into burn unit, 35 of them (46%) developed septicemia. About 11 patients of the 35 patients are died. All died patients had HDL value (< 5 mg/dl) 1 or 2 days before death since our blood samples were collected every 2 days. Patients with high density lipoproteins (HDL) value < 15 mg/dl were with high risk of developing sepsis. Conclusion: There was a strong correlation between HDL level and septicemia in burned patient. HDL value is a good biomarker for sepsis, it decreases below normal level and continues to diminish and reach to immeasurable level at advance stage of septicemia. Word account (215) Tables (5) Figures (3)
Serum C-Reactive Protein-to-Body Mass Index Ratio Predicts Overall Survival in Patients With Resected Colorectal Cancer

Background and Purpose: Systemic inflammation and nutritional status have been shown to be associated with the prognosis of colorectal cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the serum C-reactive protein-to-body mass index ratio on the prognosis of patients with curatively resected colorectal cancer. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of a database of 2,471 eligible patients with colorectal cancer who underwent curative resection at our hospital between 2004 and 2019. The optimal cut-off for CPR-to-BMI ratio was determined using maximally selected rank statistics. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the cut-off value of the serum C-reactive protein-to-body mass index ratio. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were used to compare overall survival. A two-sided P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The proportion of patients with a high C-reactive protein-to-body mass index ratio increased with increasing age, male sex, right-sided colon cancer, poorly differentiated tumors, advanced-stage disease, local/distant metastases, tumor–node–metastasis stage, and microsatellite instability. In subgroup analysis according to tumor–node–metastasis stage, the overall survival of the high C-reactive protein-to-body mass index ratio group was significantly shorter than that of the low C-reactive protein-to-body mass index ratio group (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified age, differentiation, tumor–node–metastasis stage, carcinoembryonic antigen level, and the C-reactive protein-to-body mass index ratio as independent poor prognostic factors for overall survival. Conclusions: The C-reactive protein-to-body mass index ratio predicts the prognosis of patients with curatively resected colorectal cancer and is an independent risk factor for overall survival in patients with colorectal cancer.
LncRNA HOXA11-AS promotes cell growth by sponging miR-24-3p to regulate JPT1 in prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) was found to play crucial roles in regulating cancer progression. HOXA11 antisense RNA (HOXA11-AS) was reported to serve an oncogenic lncRNA in cancers but its role in prostate cancer (PCa) remains to be explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression levels of HOXA11-AS in PCa tissues and cells were analyzed with quantitative Real-Time PCR method. MTT assay, colony formation assay, transwell invasion assay, and flow cytometry assay were conducted to explore the biological roles of HOXA11-AS in PCa. Rescue experiments were conducted to investigate mechanisms of HOXA11-AS in regulating PCa progression. RESULTS We revealed that HOXA11-AS was upregulated in PCa. Silencing of HOXA11-AS significantly inhibited PCa cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and promoted apoptosis in vitro. On the contrary, forcing of HOXA11-AS expression caused opposite effects on cancer cell behaviors. Furthermore, we showed that HOXA11-AS1 serves as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to regulate Jupiter microtubule associated homolog 1 (JPT1) via sponging microRNA-24-3p (miR-24-3p). Functionally, the overexpression of miR-24-3p or knockdown of JPT1 could partially reverse the effects of HOXA11-AS overexpression on PCa cell behaviors. CONCLUSIONS This newly identified HOXA11-AS/miR-24-3p/JPT1 axis may provide novel angle for the better control of PCa.
The Role of Iron Storage Proteins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacterial Iron Homeostasis

Submitted to the graduate degree program in Chemistry and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chair: Mario Rivera, PhD. ________________________________ Heather Desaire, PhD. ________________________________ Krzysztof Kuczera, PhD. ________________________________ David Benson, PhD. ________________________________ Scott Hefty, PhD ________________________________ Josephine Chandler, PhD
Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage with Coal Fly Ash: Exploring the Solution Chemistry and Product Water Quality

A treatment process for Acid mine drainage (AMD) using coal fly ash (CFA) was devel - oped. AMD was treated with CFA as the alkaline agent at different CFA: AMD ratios and pH, electrical conductivity (EC) evolution monitored over time. In a separate experiment two AMD sources with differing chemistry were treated with the same CFA to evaluate the impact of AMD chemistry on the treatment process and product water quality. Various CFA: AMD ratios were stirred in a beaker for a pre-set time and the process water chemistry determined. pH was observed to increase in a stepwise manner with buffer zones observed at 4-4.5, 4.5-7 and 6-8. AMD with low concentration of Al 3+ , Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ and Mn 2+ didn’t exhibit these buffer zones. Two competing processes were observed to control the evolving pH of process water: dissolution of basic oxides (CaO, MgO) from CFA led to pH increase and hydrolysis of AMD species such as Al 3+ , Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ and Mn 2+ led to pH decrease. These pro cesses initiated mechanisms such as precipitation, adsorption and ion exchange that led to decrease in inorganic contaminants as the treatment progressed. Inorganic contaminants removal was directly related to amount of CFA in reaction media. Precipitation of insoluble hydroxides and Al, Fe-oxyhydroxysulphates contributed to removal of major and minor chemical species. Precipitation of gypsum contributed to removal of sulphate. Na, K and Mg remained largely in solution after initial decrease. Significant leaching of B, Sr, Ba, and Mo from CFA was observed and was directly linked to amount of CFA in the reaction media. This will be a shortcoming of the treatment process since other processes may be required to polish up the product water. The treatment of AMD with CFA was observed to depend on CFA, AMD chemistry, treatment time and might therefore be site specific .
Progranulin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in lean polycystic ovary syndrome patients

Abstract Objective In this study, levels of progranulin (PGRN) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured to detect the presence of inflammation in lean polycystic ovary (PCOS) patients. Methods 40 lean PCOS patients were assessed by Rotterdam criteria. Forty healthy women with regular menstrual cycles and without biochemical and clinical hyperandrogenism were involved in our study. Blood samples were taken from the patient and control groups for the measurement of progranulin (PGRN), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), lipid parameters, glucose, insulin, and other hormones. Results Serum PGRN and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in patients with lean PCOS, compared with the control group (p = .037, p = .041). PGRN levels were positively correlated with TNF-α levels in lean PCOS patients. Conclusion PGRN is known as a ligand for the TNF-α receptor. PGRN level increase in lean PCOS patients may be due to inhibiting the inflammatory effects of TNF-α. To observe the PGRN and TNF-α connection in obesity, further study is needed in obese PCOS patients and obese control groups.
Use of imaging-guided intensity-modulated stereotactic body radiation therapy to treat a well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in a dog.

CASE DESCRIPTION A 14-year-old 5.6-kg (12.3-lb) castrated male Toy Poodle was evaluated because of high serum activities of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase and the presence of a hepatic mass. CLINICAL FINDINGS Abdominal CT revealed a large (approx 6.8 × 7.1 × 6.5-cm) soft tissue mass along the midline of the liver. The mass either originated from the papillary process of the caudate lobe or the left medial liver lobe. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME A partial liver lobectomy was performed, and approximately a third of the mass was successfully removed and submitted for histologic examination. Consultation with the oncology service was advised to determine whether radiation therapy could be used to treat the residual disease. On 5 consecutive days, the dog underwent imaging-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy-stereotactic body radiation therapy (4 Gy/treatment) with a simultaneous integrated boost to the center of the tumor. The dog received a base dose of 20 Gy that was then boosted to 28 Gy. In the 10-month period after completion of radiation therapy, the hepatocellular mass continued to decrease in size, and overall improvements in the dog's serum liver enzyme abnormalities were evident. CLINICAL RELEVANCE There are few treatment options for dogs with incompletely excised hepatocellular carcinomas. On the basis of the positive outcome in this case, radiation therapy could be useful following incomplete surgical removal of hepatocellular carcinomas in dogs.
The Acute Effects of Prolonged Uninterrupted Sitting on Vascular Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to determine the dose–response relationship between prolonged sitting and vascular function in healthy individuals and those with metabolic disturbances and to investigate the acute effects, on vascular function, of interventions that target interrupting prolonged sitting. Design This is a systematic review with meta-analysis. Data Sources Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline, PubMed, and CINAHL were searched from inception to 4 December 2020. Eligibility Criteria Randomized crossover trials, quasi-randomized trials, and parallel group trials where vascular function (flow-mediated dilation [FMD]) was assessed before and after an acute period of sedentary behavior was used in this study. Results Prolonged sitting resulted in a significant decrease in the standardized mean change (SMC) for lower-limb FMD at the 120-min (SMC = −0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.32 to −0.38) and 180-min (SMC = −1.18, 95% CI = −1.69 to −0.66) time points. A similar pattern was observed for lower-limb shear rate. No significant changes were observed for any outcomes in the upper limb. Subgroup analysis indicated that prolonged sitting decreased lower-limb FMD in healthy adults (SMC = −1.33, 95% CI = −1.89 to −0.78) who had higher a priori vascular endothelial function, but not in those with metabolic and vascular dysfunction (SMC = −0.51, 95% CI = −1.18 to 0.15). Interrupting sitting with active interruptions increased the standardized mean difference for FMD, relative to prolonged sitting, but it was not statistically significant (0.13, 95% CI = −0.20 to 0.45). Conclusions Lower-limb vascular function is progressively impaired as a consequence of prolonged sitting, up to 180 min. A similar trend was not observed in upper-limb vascular function. Subgroup analysis indicated that prolonged sitting negatively affects healthy populations, a finding not observed in those with metabolic disturbances. Regularly interrupting sitting with activity may be beneficial for those with metabolic disturbances.
Price Regulation Induced Entry in China Mobile Telecom Market

The informal entry of Personal Handy Phone System (PHS) has reflected many problems of price regulation in China mobile telecommunication market ― price regulation induced nominal price rigidities, nominal price rigidities induced informal entry of PHS, and informal entry of PHS induced efficiency loss. Because National Regulatory Authority(NRA) has not adjusted the approaches, objectives, and rate of return of price regulation duly according to the development of China mobile telecommunication industry, there were price rigidities in China mobile telecom market before PHS had entered. Price rigidities let mobile telecommunication market become an unsustainable contestability market. Because of price regulation partly, the competition in mobile telecommunication market of China was distorted
The Effect of Clear Speech on Cantonese Alaryngeal Speakers’ Intelligibility

Background/Aim: The purpose of this study was to provide preliminary data concerning the effect of clear speech (CS) on Cantonese alaryngeal speakers’ intelligibility. Methods: Voice recordings of 11 sentences randomly selected from the Cantonese Sentence Intelligibility Test (CSIT) were obtained from 31 alaryngeal speakers (9 electrolarynx [EL] users, 10 esophageal speakers and 12 tracheoesophageal [TE] speakers) in habitual speech (HS) and CS. Two naïve listeners orthographically transcribed a total of 1,364 sentences. Results: Significant effects of speaking condition on speaking rate and CSIT scores were observed, but no significant effect of alaryngeal communication methods was noted. CS was significantly slower than HS by 0.78 syllables/s. Esophageal speakers demonstrated the slowest speech rate when using CS, while EL users demonstrated the largest decrease in speaking rate when using CS compared to HS. TE speakers had the highest CSIT scores in HS (listener 1 = 81.4%; listener 2 = 81.3%), and esophageal speakers had the highest CSIT scores in CS (listener 1 = 87.5%; listener 2 = 89.7%). EL users experienced the largest increase in intelligibility while using CS compared to HS (9.1%) followed by esophageal speakers (8.9%) and TE speakers (1.4%). Conclusion: Preliminary data indicate that CS may significantly affect Cantonese alaryngeal speakers’ speaking rate and intelligibility. However, intelligibility appeared to vary considerably across speakers. Further research involving larger, heterogeneous groups of speakers and listeners alongside longer and more refined CS training protocols should be conducted to confirm that CS can improve Cantonese alaryngeal speakers’ intelligibility.
Supplementary Material to Learner-Private Convex Optimization

Under our prior construction, the distribution of F follows a Dirichlet process with the uniform base distribution on [0, 1] and scale parameter α. Therefore with probability 1, F is a distribution function with countably many points of discontinuity, which we will refer to as jumps. If we characterize F with the stick breaking process, then the locations of the jumps are at X1, X2, . where the Xk’s are independently and uniformly distributed on [0, 1]. The sizes of the jumps β1, β2, . correspond to the lengths of the sticks from the stick-breaking process. We have ∑ βk = 1, and the two sequences {Xk}k≥1 and {βk}k≥1 are independent. To proceed, we first show that if the size of the largest jumps is larger than 1/2, then X∗ must occur at the largest jump. That is,