Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptability of Different International Grape Varieties in Diverse Terroirs: Impact on Grape and Wine Composition

In the last two decades, several international grape varieties from different traditional wine countries such as, France, Portugal, Italy, and Spain have been introduced in several world wine regions, increasing their representation in the world. The introduction of grape varieties in emerging regions with diverse environmental conditions from their natural origin introduces challenges on the adaptability of these varieties in new specific “terroirs,” not only in terms of their productivity but also related with the grape and wine characteristics. In addition, it is also important to compare their characteristics with native grape varieties grown in the local regions. On the other hand, climate change has also promoted greater mobility of grapes to new regions, increasing the dispersion of various grape varieties in areas where viticulture was, until now, severely limited. Thus, considering the importance of the dispersion of several grape varieties in regions out of the original provenance, the purpose of this chapter is to present a review of the most recently published data about the adaptation of several grape varieties in different environments and the impact on their qualitative characteristics (including in wines produced). The comparative analysis with some of the native varieties existing in these environments, when applicable, will also be analyzed.
Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis using kernel density estimation technique for Chennai, India

Delineation of the seismic area source zone is an important step in seismic hazard analysis which is carried out mainly on the basis of geographical, geological and/or seismotectonic characteristics of the region. Hence it requires knowledge or involvement of the experts from these fields, and yet the zonation suffers from subjectivity. This is especially true in the case of distributed seismicity where a correlation between geological features and earthquakes does not exist. One of the alternatives to the conventional method of area zoning in such cases is the zone-free approach. One of the zone-free approaches is the kernel technique of hazard estimation wherein the seismicity of a region, defined in terms of the Gutenberg–Richter (G–R) recurrence law, is replaced by a spatially smoothened activity rate probability density function. Chennai city lies in a low to moderate seismicity region and there are no major faults causing earthquakes in this region. The kernel method is used in estimating the probabilistic seismic hazard for Chennai and the results are compared with the standard Cornell–McGuire approach. It is observed that the results match well for the annual probabilities of exceedance for different values of peak ground acceleration expected at Chennai.
Evaluation on Actual Condition and Image Analysis of Roof Garden in Seoul, Korea

Urbanization has caused increase of traffic jams, food shortage, housing, and environmental pollution in the world in recent decades. Urban agriculture, such as roof garden, can relieve the phenomenon of urban heat island causing from the urbanization. The study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of rooftop garden (farm) in 40 areas in Seoul, Korea, where the `cabbage`, `lettuce`, `pepper`, and `mini-tomatoes` were the most preferred vegetables and fruit. The problems in the rooftop garden during a cultivation was observed for drainage system, soil management, cost or quality of planting mat and diseases and insects. The image of urban agriculture showed a positive words, such as `bright`, `clean`, `open` and `good` according to the survey.
Stress Tensor Changes Related to Fluid Injection at The Geysers Geothermal Field, California

Studying variations of the stress field caused by fluid injection is relevant towards an improved understanding of geomechanical reservoirs processes. We present a software package performing stress tensor inversion based on SATSI algorithm (Hardebeck and Michael, 2006, J. Geophys. Res.) with overall performance and stability improvements, versatile graphical output allowing visualization of 0 to 3D stress inversion results, and user friendly interface. The MSATSI package is composed of two elements: one for performing the stress inversion and uncertainty assessment, and second providing the graphical visualization of the results. The package is GPL-licensed and freely available. In this study, we estimated potential spatiotemporal variations of the local stress field orientation at The Geysers geothermal site by using fault plane solutions of local events provided by the Northern California Earthquake Data Center. First, we investigated the stress field orientation at different depths using high quality focal mechanisms of induced seismicity over the whole reservoir. The results point out a clear variation of the stress field orientation at reservoir depth (normal regime) with respect to above and below (strike-slip regime). These observations were interpreted as an effect of the reduction of horizontal stresses due to the depletion of reservoirs. Second, we look at the temporal changes of the stress tensor at a particular seismicity cluster in the northwestern part of the field. Results show a clear correlation between detected stress field orientation changes and injection rates. We interpreted these observations either as the reactivation of pre-existing cracks oriented in the direction NE-SW, or as the opening of new fractures.
Late Quaternary monoclinal folding induced by caldera resurgence at Ischia, Italy

Abstract The main structure of the active resurgent caldera of Ischia is uncommonly well exposed. The very young age of the resurgence (<33 ka bp) has enabled the uppermost part of the uplifted block to be preserved, whereas the severe erosion on the steep flanks, made up of low-resistant pyroclastic deposits, has resulted in the rest of the resurgent block structure cropping out. The uppermost part is characterized by strata gently dipping at 1–5° in a general south-southeast direction. Along the southern flank of the resurgent block, the strata gradually form a complex double monocline fold with ENE-trending hinge lines. Some tens of metres below the topographic surface, the anticline part of each monocline fold gradually turns into a vertical fault. The middle limb strata are vertical to subvertical. This draping occurred with the aid of at least one main detachment horizon localized inside the pyroclastic succession. Total resurgence here is about 350 m. The opposite northern flank of the resurgent horst, which has experienced maximum uplift of the order of about 900 m, is characterized by a few vertical to subvertical normal faults with draping of strata. These data suggest that the outward-dipping strata commonly found in Quaternary resurgent calderas could represent; (i) the surface expression of forced folding induced by the piston-like uplift of a fault-bounded concealed block; or (ii) the classical doming induced by radial and vertical growth. The fault-bounded horsts sometimes recognized in old, deeply eroded, resurgent calderas could be the forcing block of non-preserved drape folds. These monocline folds could also be disrupted by upward propagation of the bounding faults after an incremental offset beyond the limit of folding of a given volcanic succession.
An outcrop‐based study of the economically significant Late Cretaceous Rakopi Formation, northwest Nelson, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

Abstract The Late Cretaceous Rakopi Formation (Pakawau Group) represents one of the most important petroleum source rock units and a potential reservoir unit in the highly prospective Taranaki Basin. This paper presents a predominantly outcrop‐based study of the sedimentology, petrography, stratigraphy, and depositional environment of the Rakopi Formation in the Paturau River and Pakawau areas of northwest Nelson, southern Taranaki Basin, together with some preliminary insights into the stratigraphie architecture of the Pakawau Group on a more basin‐wide scale. The Rakopi Formation is interpreted here as a terrestrial deposit, representing sedimentation in fluvial channels and their associated overbank and levee environments. However, the presence of dinoflagellates, glauconite, and elevated coal seam sulfur contents is evidence for periodic marine influence during deposition. This could be explained by a low‐gradient coastal plain paleogeography, crossed by a series of rivers and their associated floodplain deposits, episodically inundated by marine incursions during successive transgressions. A modern analogue setting from the present‐day Hauraki Graben, North Island, New Zealand, indicates that marine influence within coastal plain systems can extend several tens of kilometres inland. Given such a physiography, relatively small increases in relative sea level could potentially move the shoreline several kilometres or tens of kilometres farther inland, sufficient to introduce the type of marine influence on sedimentation that we suggest for the Rakopi Formation. The results from this study suggest a greater marine influence within the Rakopi Formation, northward into the greater Taranaki Basin, than has previously been recognised. This raises the possibility of both different reservoir facies as well as potentially a greater proportion of marine mudstones, which would have implications for both reservoir and trapping of hydrocarbons. In addition, marine‐influenced coaly rocks within the Rakopi Formation are expected to have greater petroleum generative potentials and to be more oil‐prone than their fully non‐marine counterparts.
Modeling ice-ocean interaction in ice-shelf crevasses

Ocean freezing within ice-shelf basal crevasses could potentially act as a stabilizing influence on ice shelves; however, ice-ocean interaction and ocean dynamics within these crevasses are as yet poorly understood. To this end, an idealized 2-D model of an ice-shelf basal crevasse has been developed using Fluidity, a finite-element ocean model using an unstructured mesh. A simple model of frazil ice formation and deposition has been incorporated into Fluidity to better represent the freezing process. Model results show two different flow regimes, dependent on the amount of freezing in the crevasse: one driven by freezing at the top of the crevasse and the other by the ingress of meltwater from outside the crevasse. In the first, freezing at the top of the crevasse leads to the formation of an unstable overturning circulation due to the rejection of dense, salty water. In the second, a buoyant layer is formed along the sides and roof of the crevasse, stratifying the water column. Frazil ice precipitation is found to be the dominant freezing process at the top of the basal crevasse in the freeze-driven case, with direct freezing being dominant in the melt-driven case. In both cases, melting occurs lower down on the walls of the crevasse due to the strong overturning circulation. The freezing in ice-shelf crevasses and rifts is found to be highly dependent upon ocean temperature, providing a stabilizing influence on ice shelves underlain by cold waters that is not present elsewhere.
Tail plasma sheet models derived from Geotail particle data

[1] Simple analytical models have been derived for the first time, describing the 2-D distribution (along and across the Earth's magnetotail) of the central plasma sheet (CPS) ion temperature, density, and pressure, as functions of the incoming solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) parameters, at distances between 10 and 50 RE. The models are based on a large set of data of the Low-Energy Particle (LEP) and Magnetic Field (MGF) instruments, taken by Geotail spacecraft between 1994 and 1998, comprising 7234 1-min average values of the CPS temperature and density. Concurrent solar wind and IMF data were provided by the Wind and IMP 8 spacecraft. The accuracy of the models was gauged by the correlation coefficient (c.c.) R between the observed and predicted values of a parameter. The CPS ion density N is controlled mostly by the solar wind proton density and by the northward component of the IMF. Being the least stable characteristic of the CPS, it yielded the lowest c.c. RN = 0.57. The CPS temperature T, controlled mainly by the solar wind speed V and the IMF Bz, gave a higher c.c. RT = 0.71. The CPS ion pressure P was best controlled by the solar wind ram pressure Psw and by an IMF-related parameter F = B⟂, where B⟂ is the perpendicular component of the IMF and θ is its clock angle. In a striking contrast with N and T, the model pressure P revealed a very high c.c. with the data, RP = 0.95, an apparent consequence of the force balance between the CPS and the tail lobe magnetic field. No significant dawn-dusk asymmetry of the CPS was found beyond the distance 10 RE, in line with the observed symmetry of the tail lobe magnetic field. The plasma density N is lowest at midnight and increases toward the tail's flanks. Larger (smaller) solar wind ion densities and northward (southward) IMF Bz result in larger (smaller) N in the CPS. In contrast to the density N, the temperature T peaks at the midnight meridian and falls off toward the dawn/dusk flanks. Faster (slower) solar wind flow and southward (northward) IMF Bz result in a hotter (cooler) CPS. The CPS ion pressure P is essentially a function of only XGSM in the midtail (20–50 RE); at closer distances the isobars gradually bend to approximately follow the contours of constant geomagnetic field strength. For northward IMF conditions combined with a slow solar wind, the isobars remain quasi-circular up to larger distances, reflecting a weaker tail current and, hence, more dipole-like magnetic field.
A Plant Species Dependent Wildfire Black Carbon Emission Inventory in Northern Eurasia

Wildfire emission inventories are usually applied with biome‐scale emission factors for atmospheric modeling. However, emission factors measured for different plant species vary substantially within the same biome. We apply the species‐specific emission factors and refine the Fire Emission Inventory‐northern Eurasia (FEI‐NE), and derive the wildfire black carbon emission inventory in northern Eurasia from 2002 to 2015. Our new inventory produces 61% more black carbon emissions than current estimates based on Global Fire Emission Database (GFED) and 33% less than FEI‐NE. Model simulations with different inventories are compared with ground‐based and satellite retrievals of aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD). Compared with the Ozone Monitoring Instrument, the normalized root mean square deviation of AAOD over northern Eurasia is reduced from 1.0 under FEI‐NE to 0.95 through application of the new inventory. This study reveals the importance of applying sub‐biome‐scale emission factors for wildfire inventories development and revisiting emissions uncertainty in atmospheric modeling.
Geometría del Moho en el Centro Peninsular obtenida a partir de datos gravimétricos

El analisis espectral de datos gravimetricos ha sido utilizado para investigar la geometria de las principales discontinuidades gravimetricas corticales del centro peninsular. El area estudiada presenta una anomalia de Bouguer negativa en la que se superponen los efectos superficiales del relleno de las cuencas sedimentarias terciarias, cuencas del Duero y del Tajo, y los efectos de fuentes mas profundas como el descenso de la discontinuidad del Moho bajo el Sistema Central puesto de manifiesto por estudios sismicos. Para discriminar los efectos de las fuentes superficiales y profundas de similar longitud de onda se ha optado por calcular el efecto gravimetrico de los sedimentos terciarios y restarlo del mapa gravimetrico observado. El espectro de potencia del mapa gravimetrico obtenido frente a la frecuencia, muestra que la fuente regional esta situada a una profundidad media de 29.9 ± 4.6 km. El mapa de anomalia regional, asociada a esta fuente, muestra un minimo relativo NE-SO en el Sistema Central y otro minimo relativo NO-SE en la zona oriental y central de la Cordillera Iberica. De acuerdo con los datos sismicos esta profundidad corresponde a la posicion de la principal discontinuidad de densidad de la corteza, es decir del Moho. Mediante la inversion de los datos gravimetricos se ha calculado la geometria del Moho. Esta geometria indica la existencia de dos dominios bien diferenciados: un dominio norte y nororiental caracterizado por alineaciones NO-SE a E-O y un dominio suroccidental caracterizado por alineaciones NNE-SSO a E-O. El mayor descenso del Moho se produce bajo el Sistema Central y la Cordillera Iberica, alcanzando el espesor de la corteza mas de 34 km. La relacion entre la geometria obtenida y las grandes estructuras alpinas del centro peninsular sugiere el importante papel que la deformacion a escala cortical ha tenido en las etapas de deformacion alpinas.
Optimal Management for Prosumer Resources in Energy Communities with P2P Market Considering Deviation and Previously Established Agreements

The increasing growth in prosumers and the development of energy communities and peer-to-peer (P2P) exchanges present new challenges in management methods. There are algorithms in the literature for scheduling transactions between prosumers in a day-ahead market and real-time (RT) markets to resolve deviations. Still, prosumers need tools to manage the transition from one market to another. This paper proposes a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model to optimize energy requests management in the real-time market, minimize the cost of deviations, and consider new predictions while respecting agreements reached in the day-ahead market, rescheduling the operation of the devices and determining the optimal offers to submit if it is necessary. The proposed method has been evaluated using real user data from a prosumer in Seville, Spain, who has both PV generation and a battery system. The results demonstrate significant cost savings, with the proposed method achieving more than a 60% reduction compared to the scenario where the prosumer solely relies on submitting deviations to the real-time market.
Fluid flow in faults: a study of fault hydrogeology in Triassic sandstone and Ordovician volcaniclastic rocks at Sellafield, north-west England

SUMMARY The structure and hydrogeological properties of subsurface faults in the Triassic Sherwood Sandstone Group and Ordovician Borrowdale Volcanic Group at Sellafield in west Cumbria were investigated in order to develop conceptual and numerical models for input to groundwater flow modelling at the possible site of an underground radioactive waste repository. Eighteen borehole intersections of faults were studied using core, borehole imagery and hydraulic test data (single and multi-well testing). The results were integrated with data and interpretations from seismic surveys and field studies in order to prepare conceptualizations of fault architecture and hydrogeology, suitable for taking forward into numerical modelling. Hydraulic test data indicate that fault zones in the Sherwood Sandstone Group are slightly more permeable than the host rock, and geological observations suggest that flow may be focused in the fault damage zones rather than in the faultrocks, which tend to act as flow baffles. Where present in sufficient numbers, granulation seams appear to be flow inhibitors. In the volcanic rock, hydraulic test data indicate that fault zones have little permeability contrast with the host rock. However, geological observations suggest that minor reactivation may have locally disrupted the baffling effect of faultrocks, thereby creating ‘leak points’. Overall, the study suggests that ground-water flow in faults at Sellafield is highly heterogeneous at the borehole scale, but at larger scales the hydraulic behaviour of faults is more homogeneous.
Assessment of the Jason-1 and TOPEX/Poseidon Microwave Radiometer Performance Using GPS from Offshore Sites in the North Sea

The accuracy and drift of atmospheric path delay due to water vapor as derived from satellite microwave radiometers (MWR) is vital to altimetric measures of sea-level change. In this study a continuous time series of dual frequency GPS data from a number of offshore sites is used to examine the long term stability of the TOPEX/Poseidon radiometer and investigate initial performance of that of Jason-1. The location offshore eliminates the problems associated with land based/coastal locations where extrapolation of the GPS tropospheric correction to subsatellite points offshore are required to avoid background surface heat emissions contaminating the MWR delay measurement.
The Length of the Fallow Period in Tropical Fallow Farming Systems: A Discussion With Evidence From Sierra Leone

The length of the fallow period in tropical fallowing systems is usually reported in the literature as a single period of years (e.g. six years) or as a range of years (e.g. 6-12 years) without reference to the extent of the area being considered. Using enumeration area data from the agricultural statistical survey of Sierra Leone, 1965/6 it is demonstrated that fallowing practices are more complicated than the literature suggests. Indeed a significant proportion of holdings are made up of fields having fallow periods of different lengths. Whilst population density and environmental conditions may influence fallowing practices it is clear that other factors are also important, most notably management decisions by farmers and varying access to land within communal tenure systems.
Deformation mechanics in analogue models of extensional fault systems

Abstract Scaled analogue models of fault structures are powerful tools for investigating the progressive development of extensional deformation. The results of a wide ranging programme of extensional modelling are briefly reviewed and are analysed in terms of the deformation mechanics and rheological behaviour of the modelling materials. Extensional models have been constructed using homogeneous dry quartz sand with isotropic behaviour; sand and dry china clay mixtures; with behaviour controlled by competency; and sand with dry vermiculite mica flakes to simulate anisotropic systems. Rheological tests show that these materials deform by Navier-Coulomb failure with friction angles between 30° and 35°. Extensional faults developed within the models are dilatant granular shear zones, whose widths are grain-size dependent, being widest in the sand models and narrowest in faults cutting the fine-grained clay layers. Initial fault-bedding cutoff angles are high, 60°–70°, but during progressive deformation shear strains may change this, depending upon the boundary conditions of the model. Measurements of angular shear strains within domino fault arrays show significant zones of shear either parallel to the basal detachment or parallel to bounding faults. Small bulk dilations are found in most models as a result of grain packing rearrangements during extension. The primary extensional architecture of the models is controlled by the underlying detachment configuration. Despite limitations to the models, it is believed that the rheologies, the modelling materials and the deformation mechanics within the models realistically simulate brittle deformation of sedimentary rocks in the upper crust.
The Den Haag Geothermal District Heating Project - 3-D Models for Temperature Prediction.

In the frame of the „ Den Haag Zuidwest“ geothermal district heating system a deep geothermal installation is projected. The target horizon of the planned doublet is the „ Delft sandstone“, an upper Jurassic sandstone layer, which has been extensively explored for oil- and gas reservoirs in the last century.