Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MR elastography measurement of the effect of passive warmup prior to eccentric exercise on thigh muscle mechanical properties

elastography measurement of the effect of passive warmup prior to eccentric exercise on thigh muscle mechanical properties' Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact openaccess@ed.ac. uk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
Qualitative analysis of transiting from informal to formal sector: The case of manufacturing and service businesses in Gauteng province of South Africa

Abstract The objective of this paper was to establish challenges and benefits on formalisation in South Africa using a qualitative approach. To meet the objective, 15 interviews were carried out with owners of small businesses that had just formalized in Johannesburg and Pretoria. This study contributes to the existing knowledge on small business formalisation by bringing evidence from formalised businesses. The research does so through asking unique questions that cannot be answered quantitatively. Using themes for analysis, the study found conditional formalisation, high levels of bureaucracy, unsustainable fees, information asymmetry, credit or capital unavailability and corruption as key challenges being faced by emerging entrepreneurs. In addition, the study also identified increased chances to benefit from BEE, improved access to information to supply the public sector, improved chances of securing credit, increased credibility of the business and better access to markets as the benefits that entrepreneurs derive from formalisation. This study recommends that informal businesses be supported through skills training initiatives and expanded credit opportunities so that they can be of better size and capacity to formalise.
Comparison of Swarm Intelligence Algorithms for High Dimensional Optimization Problem

High dimensional optimization considers being one of the most challenges that face the algorithms for finding an optimal solution for real-world problems. These problems have been appeared in diverse practical fields including business and industries. Within a huge number of algorithms, selecting one algorithm among others for solving the high dimensional optimization problem is not an easily accomplished task. This paper presents a comprehensive study of two swarm intelligence based algorithms: 1-particle swarm optimization (PSO), 2-cuckoo search (CS). The two algorithms are analyzed and compared for problems consisting of high dimensions in respect of solution accuracy, and runtime performance by various classes of benchmark functions.
Utility of INSCYD athletic performance software to determine Maximal Lactate Steady State and Maximal Oxygen Uptake in cyclists

Serious amateur and elite athletes regularly take part in structured physiological testing sessions so that their progress gets tracked and training loads in the training plan correctly prescribed. Commonly, athletes are tested for the maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and maximal lactate steady state intensity (MLSS). While for the former expensive laboratory equipment is required, the latter requires multiple exercise trials for accurate determination. INSCYD athletic performance software is designed to enable continuous monitoring of these two parameters throughout the season after undertaking a single visit exercise testing session involving blood lactate sampling and power output measurement. The purpose of the present study was to assess validity of the software by its estimates of V̇O2max and MLSS and compare them to gold standard laboratory measures. 11 trained participants (V̇O2max 61.0 ± 7.9 mL ∙ kg-1 ∙ min-1) took part in this study consisting of formal graded V̇O2max test, multiple MLSS trials and a recommended test to obtain the data later fed the INSCYD athletic performance software. Both V̇O2max relative (∆=0.13 ml.kg-1.min-1, p=0.885) and MLSS calculated values (∆=2 W, p=0.655) were within expected daily variation and thus the estimations considered valid. It can be concluded that INSCYD athletic performance software offers its users utility to accurately predict V̇O2max and MLSS provided that the practitioner has a good idea of where the MLSS lies. However, caution is required when interpreting other parameter estimates provided by the software due their questionable scientific validity.
Diálogos entre pedagogia do esporte e teoria do treinamento esportivo nas modalidades coletivas de invasão

As modalidades coletivas de invasão têm sido investigadas a partir da complexidade, derivando propostas metodológicas de cunho sistêmico. À luz do pensamento complexo, aproximamos Pedagogia do Esporte e Teoria do Treinamento Esportivo para discutir possibilidades de integração das dimensões humanas nos processos de ensino/treino pela ótica interdisciplinar, como meio de tornar as tarefas de aprendizagem, as sessões de ensino/treino e os currículos de programas esportivos mais ecológicos e holísticos. Com isso, convidamos a comunidade acadêmica a refletir sobre alternativas de incremento das propostas metodológicas existentes, a importância de investigações interdisciplinares, e a necessidade de repensarmos a formação acadêmica rumo à transdisciplinaridade.
A 2.1 GHz 30 dBm power amplifier in 0.18 μm SiGe BiCMOS process

A cascode power amplifier (PA) fabricated in 0.18 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology is presented. The cascode structure is used to provide high voltage gain and high output power. To prevent the negative impact of bond wire, the pseudo‐differential structure is used to provide a virtual ground for signal. Adaptive bias circuit provides stable voltage bias to the base of common‐emitter. With the combination of two completely symmetrical PA units, the whole PA achieves its saturated output power of 30.62 dBm and PAE of 31.75% at 2.1 GHz, and the small signal gain is 26.19 dB.
Ritual and Play in Buddhist Nun-Making: Girlhood, Nunhood, and the Shaping of the "Little Teacher" in Today's Myanmar

Abstract:This article looks at what it means to be a girl child and a renunciate in contemporary Myanmar. As Theravada Buddhism is conventionally thought of as the most stringent with concern to the boundaries between monastics and the laity, I complicate these boundaries by examining how child and adolescent nuns play, the highly formalized "adult play," ritual, and the tensions between lay life and nunhood. I look at play as mediating between continuity and transition, between lay and monastic, girl child and young nun. I show how what might be thought of as mundane, or outside the nunnery, can actually strengthen the religious or supramundane, often considered inside the nunnery. Along with play, I also look at how mundane rituals, such as schooling, serve to break down the divide, demonstrating the lay within the monastic, embodied to show that often the lay is used in a manner that does not necessarily take away from the religious but rather can strengthen it; they are often inseparable. The ideal of the nun is that of the genderless renunciant, yet the reality of the thilashin (Myanmar Buddhist nun) is a complex site for examining these phenomena.
CFD investigation of pentamaran ship model with chine hull form on the resistance characteristics

This paper presents an investigation of pentamaran hull form with chine hull form to the effects of outriggers position, asymmetry, and deadrise angles on the resistance characteristics. The investigation to the resistance characteristics by modelling pentamaran hull form using chine with symmetrical main hull and asymmetric outboard on the variation deadrise angles: 25°, 30°, 35° and Froude number 0,1 to 0,7. On calm water resistance characteristics of six pentamaran models with chine-hull form examined by variation of deadrise angles by using CFD. Comparation with Wigley hull form, the maximum resistance drag reduction of the chine hull form was reduced by 15.81% on deadrise 25°, 13.8% on deadrise 30°, and 20.38% on deadrise 35°. While the smallest value of total resistance coefficient was generated from chine 35° at R/L:1/14 and R/L:1/7. Optimum hull form for minimum resistance has been obtained, so it is interesting to continue with angle of entrance and stem angle of hull for further research.
Could trees change future behaviour in xylogenesis to improve fitness based on past and current conditions? A tropical case of study

Carbon allocation is the Achilles' heel of forest models, due to the difficulty to predict responses induced by environmental changes. Structural-functional models involve the plant's strategy to split its resources between organs and functions. An important functional characteristic is xylem architecture, which is connected to water use strategy and plant productivity besides one of the most important C-sink (that absorbs carbon). Our goal is to use the information present in the tree rings of Schizolobium parahyba, to expand the possibilities of teleonomic approaches in structural-functional models of tree species. In a comparative xylem rings analyses, we established relationships among specific gravity, vessel traits as hydraulic conductivity potential, double wall thickness, and autofluorescence intensity of lignin. The analyses showed that growth ring characteristics seem to have been modulated not only by water availability of the period of wood formation but also by the water availability of previous years. This relationship would be occurring due to the greater capacity of accumulation of reserve carbohydrates in years whose climatic conditions were favourable. This pattern of behaviour entails the formation of two distinct growth ring patterns, one with high and the other with low structural cost. This case study shows that the species can change future behaviour in xylogenesis to improve fitness based on past and current conditions. Our study may help to extend the possibilities of teleonomic approaches in structural-functional models of tree species, which will assist in a greater understanding of how trees balance their carbon allocation in wood according to changes in the environment.
Ray Tracing and Irregularities of Distribution

Good sampling patterns for ray tracing have been proposed, based on the theories of statistical sampling or signal processing. It is assumed that such patterns will be more efficient, but in what sense? For some classes of image functions, the theory of irregularities of distribution proves that N-point sampling patterns exist which can estimate pixel values asymptotically better than the O(N − 1/2 ) of random sampling. Experiments with known sampling patterns from graphics suggests that some already have superior convergence properties.
Partisipasi dalam Sharing Economy Melalui Pendekatan Komunikasi

In the mid 20th century, tourism has been reached by technology, especially with the internet network. One of the changes that is the result of technology evolution is the developing model of production and consumption of goods and services, called the sharing economy. One of the successful example of sharing economy technology that is currently popular with tourists is Airbnb. The specific objective of this research is to understand and describe thoroughly the sharing economy and its implications for cross-cultural communication of hosts and guests in in North Kuta District. Rhenald Kasali, Professor of FE UI said that "Sharing the economy is an attitude of participation in economic activities that creates value, independence and prosperity". Deddy Maulana (in Darmastuti, 2013: 3) states that in a matter of communication, harmony is the meaning of conversation. According to E.B Taylor, what is called culture is a form of method used to survive that is owned by certain individuals / groups and then passed on from generation to generation. The research method used in this research is a qualitative research. The role of the host in giving an impression of local life is very important in order to create a good impression on the eyes of guests. Interact and communicate with locals who help these guests at being able to see things from different point of view. With the role of the host in introducing local life to the guests, it will lead to an understanding in which generally everyone has different views about the world and culture in each community. When hosts and guests communicate, the other party hears different opinions, this, then, builds mutual respect, respect and compromise. For foreign guests, the cross-cultural communication created Broadens insight and understanding of political, religion and social status issues that affect the lives of local residents.
Extension of the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) for the Analysis of Complex Problems

The current System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is used for large system and software development projects. SDLC is a methodology that describes the stages of analysis in a project from initiation to completion. However, with 21st century problems increasing, the boundaries have been reached and an improved approach is needed. This research addresses the complexities of the development of a Modified System Development Life Cycle (MSDLC). This modification extends the capabilities of the SDLC. The MSDCL includes Joint Application Development (JAD) sessions, continuous user involvement, and intermediate documentation of analysis to expand the SDLC capabilities. Major additions are incorporated into the cost saving system analysis phase. To expand on the cost savings found in the system analysis phase, a three-phase modeling and analysis process has been defined: Object-Oriented, Z language, and Alloy to provide a more complete analysis and validation procedure to improve problem solutions.
Prediction Outcome for Massive Multiplayer Online Games Using Data Mining

Massive Multiplayer Online (MMO) game is one of the famous game genres among teenagers nowadays. MMO games allow gamers to interact and play with up to thousand players. Rainbow Six Siege (RSS) belongs to MMO type of game. However, due to many operators that are available in this game, the player needs to choose the right operator to counter the enemy operator. Therefore, based on the characteristic of the selected operator, this paper attempted to predict the outcomes of the game. In our prediction model, characteristics for these operators were extracted from 120 live stream replays. Three classification algorithms were utilized to predict the outcome of the game. Among these algorithms, IBK had obtained outstanding performance in the dataset. The accuracy of the model is 93.75%, applying 5-fold cross-validation test. The success rate reveals that our proposed model is suitable to predict the outcome of the game.
Residents’ Perception of the Educational Program “Family Medicine” in Kazakhstan: A Focus Group Study

Целью данного исследования было: восприятие обучения, мнение резидентов, обучающихся по программе «Семейная медицина», и определение потребности резидентов программы «Семейная медицина». Методы . В этом качественном исследовании были проведены четыре полуторачасовых фокус-группы с 24 ординаторами, обучаемыми по программе резидентуры по семейной медицине Западно-Казахстанского университета, и результаты были проанализированы с использованием тематического анализа. Результаты. Анализ появления пяти тем и 14 вопросов подтем, которые были классифицированы по областям для обсуждения в фокус-группах: восприятие особенности ФМ, Мотивация доходов, Преимущества и внешний вид категории товаров, Жалобы и проблемы, пожелания по просмотру программ, идеальное значение имеют. Выводы. Это исследование выявления наличия жителей, которые ранее не учитывались в достаточной мере. Компетенции и содержание программы будут изменены в соответствии с назначением резидентов.
Empirical case report of the mechanical properties of three spayed canine lumbar vertebrae

Background: Today, animals, like humans, suffer from spinal illnesses, which are aggravated in old age. Much emphasis is placed on diagnosis and treatment, but little focus is given to the spine’s mechanical properties. Degenerative spine diseases are a major problem throughout the world. According to the World Health Organization, osteoporosis is a world-class public problem that reduces bone mass, resulting in bone fracturing and increased risk of bone fracturing. Therefore, the mechanical investigation of vertebrae can provide more information about the development of osteoporosis.s. Case Description: For our case report, we used spayed mongrel lumbar vertebrae samples obtained from a canine which was about 8 years old and weighed 28 kg. The dog was diagnosed with a mammary tumor, and its owners decided to euthanize the dog. All consent forms were filled. Conclusion: Mechanical tests were performed on three vertebrae, and a notable difference was observed in the first cycle of the first vertebra (L1). Second-order polynomials for displacement and seventh-order polynomials for pressure were proposed for describing the stress–strain relationship of the vertebrae under the cyclical loads. Our research protocol has been broken down into several parts. After measuring the area of the loaded surface, the largest area was in the L2 vertebra (176 ± 16 mm; 177 ± 3 mm) and the smallest was in the L7 vertebra (156 ± 4 mm; 151 ± 33 mm). The smallest distance was recorded between the first (L1) and seventh (L7) lumbar vertebrae (L1) (15.17 ± 0.93 mm), and the largest distance was recorded between the L3 and L4 vertebrae of the lumbar (19.8 ± 3.7 mm).
Rate of Air Pollution Assessment from Manufacturing/Transformation Industries in Maiduguri Metropolis

Crop production, which is one of the sources of food for human and animal sustenance is a function of the availability of adequate quantity of water. The rainfall being seasonal is the main source of water for agricultural production in Nigeria. Maize production is majorly through rainfed agriculture in Nigeria and the irregularity of which affect the yield. This research work was to develop crop-water production model in tropical rain fed maize crop cultivation using maize yield and rainfall data from Oyo state. One of the major problems of food production in attempting to determine the relative future roles of irrigated and rain-fed agriculture is the lack of sufficient ground and accurate tool on a localized basis. Hence, the essence of this research works. Using correlation and full quadratic regression analysis, the effects of some rainfall indices (monthly and annual rainfall, raindays, and rainfall onset and rainfall cessation) on maize yield in Oyo State were examined. The results of the correlation statistics showed that cessation has the strongest association (r= - 0.284) with maize yield. The analysis also showed that early maize and late maize suffer moisture deficiency in March and November respectively while excessive rainfall of June/July and September also have implication for maize yield. It was also observed that the rainfall characteristics jointly contributed 96.7% in explaining the variations in the yield of maize per hectare. Conclusively, a model was development for predicting maize yield in Oyo State. The study also recommends the use of state own yield so as to harmonize with state rainfall data, application of appropriate moisture conservation management practices that ensured efficient use of water and use of drought resistance crop species with shorter growing periods as adaptive measures to the changing rainfall pattern within the study area.
Laser‐Printed Emissive Metasurface as an Anticounterfeiting Platform

Optical security is a promising application of metasurfaces because light has large degrees of freedom in metasurfaces. Although many different structures/materials are proposed for this purpose, the fabrication of dynamic metasurfaces in a straightforward and scalable manner, while maintaining a high security level, remains a significant challenge. Herein, a metasurface consisting of a phase‐changing GeSbTe layer and a metal back reflector is presented to space‐selectively and dynamically control the infrared emission of the surface by a spatially modulated pulsed laser beam. Unlike conventional laser processes using a focused beam, the employed laser printing is an expanded beam‐based parallel process that enables the fabrication of wafer‐sized emission patterns. Owing to the multispectral responses of GeSbTe, mutually independent visible and infrared images can be printed in one region. Grayscale emission patterns can also be obtained by gradually modulating the spatial profile of the laser beam, which makes the replication of laser‐printed emission patterns extremely difficult. These encouraging features indicate that the presented emissive metasurface has the potential for use as an effective platform for anticounterfeiting.
Impact of occupational footwear during simulated workloads on energy expenditure

Limited research exists on the physiological demands of occupational footwear. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the impact of tactical boots (TB) (0.5 kg) and steel-toed work boots (WB) (0.9 kg) on oxygen consumption (V̇O2) and cardiorespiratory responses during simulated walking protocols. Seventeen healthy male (age: 21.9 ± 2.0 years; height: 177.6 ± 4.8 cm; mass: 80.0 ± 9.4 kg) participants completed a total of four 20-min experimental walking trials: (1) WB horizontal protocol, (2) WB graded protocol, (3) TB horizontal protocol, and (4) TB graded protocol, following a randomized repeated measures design. On average, across each protocol, the larger mass of the WB increased absolute V̇O2 by 6.2% and 7.1% for the horizontal and graded protocols, respectively. The WB also caused a significant increase in absolute V̇O2 compared to TB during the horizontal protocol while walking at speeds of 4.0, 5.2, and 6.4 km/h (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed for heart rate, breathing rate, or ratings of perceived exertion (p > 0.05). The results of this study indicate that wearing occupational footwear with a larger mass can significantly increase energy expenditure compared to footwear of lighter mass. However, energy expenditure increased without changes in physiological measures of energy expenditure. Footwear manufacturers may want to improve footwear design characteristics to maintain required safety guidelines while minimizing footwear mass.
Insm2 deficiency results in female infertility by disturbing steroid pathway and decreasing ovarian reserve in mice

ABSTRACT The number and quality of oocytes in the ovarian reserve are related to fertility and reproductive lifespan in mammals. Some transcription factors have been demonstrated to determine oogenesis. The insulinoma-associated 2 (Insm2) gene is a member of the Snail transcriptional repressor superfamily. Recent studies have demonstrated Insm2 plays an essential role for insulin secretion and glucose intolerance in mice, but the functions of Insm2 in reproduction remain elusive. Here, by examination of Insm2 knockout mice, we found Insm2 was essential for female fertility. Loss of Insm2 resulted in female infertility with major defects in primordial follicle pool, ovarian folliculogenesis and ovulation. Transcriptomic profiling of ovaries suggests that loss of Insm2 caused defects in oocyte meiosis and steroid synthesis. Both oocyte- and granulosa cell-expressed genes were dysregulated, including Foxo1 and other known genes involved in primary ovarian insufficiency. Together, these studies show that Insm2 is required for oocyte development and their communication with ovarian somatic cells.