Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Taking the Unfilial Son to the Police: Family Conflicts and State Intervention in Republican Beijing

This article, based upon 199 police reports of disobedience cases in Republican Beijing, examines the relationship between family and state in modern China. It argues that these cases, on the one hand, helped the family transfer the domestic crises to the state, and on the other hand, consolidated the state cult of filial piety and facilitated the everyday intervention of the state into society. But the collusion between family and state also led to some unexpected consequences, in which the state's representative institutions such as the police and the reformatory, with their availability and affordability, actually increased the visibility of filial impiety.
Caracterización de las condiciones en salud mental de estudiantes de la Universidad de Manizales, Caldas, Colombia

Introducción: Los problemas de salud mental se presentan a lo largo del curso de la vida, desde una aflicción leve y limitada por el tiempo hasta condiciones crónicas, progresivas y gravemente incapacitantes. El contexto universitario no es ajeno a esta problemática; los estudiantes deben adaptarse a la vida universitaria y todo lo que ella contiene incluyendo los determinantes sociales propios de esta condición que puedan afectar la salud mental Objetivo: Caracterizar las condiciones de salud mental de los estudiantes de la Universidad de Manizales Método: Se desarrolló un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo con diseño observacional analítico de corte transversal. Se recolectó información de forma censal de 2436 estudiantes de pregrado de la Universidad de Manizales Resultados: El 48% de los estudiantes reportó haber sufrido en algún momento de su vida uno o más de los siguientes trastornos: depresión, trastornos de ansiedad, crisis o ataques de pánico, trastorno maníaco depresivo, trastorno bipolar o manía, otros problemas emocionales. Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa, con p menor o igual a 0,05 entre el antecedente personal de algún trastorno emocional con el sexo, orientación sexual, religiosidad, procedencia y tipo de estudiante Conclusión: Los estudiantes universitarios de semestres avanzados presentaron más riesgo de padecer un trastorno mental, factor que ha sido relacionado con alto riesgo de conductas suicidas. Los determinantes sociales como sexo, orientación sexual, religiosidad, procedencia y tipo de estudiante son factores de riesgo que afectan la salud mental en los universitarios.
Rethinking Monocular Height Estimation From a Classification Task Perspective Leveraging the Vision Transformer

Height estimation from a single remote sensing image has great potential in generating digital surface models (DSMs) efficiently for a quick Earth surface reconstruction. Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have emerged as a powerful method to deal with this ill-posed problem. Most existing methods formulate height estimation as a regression problem due to the continuity of object height. However, it is difficult for the model to regress the object heights exactly to the ground-truth values with a wide range. In this letter, we reformulate the height estimation task as a classification task to improve the model performance. Specifically, we discretize the continuous ground-truth height into bins and assign each pixel to a single label according to the bin subdivision. In addition, we propose to generate a unique bin subdivision for each input image adaptively by viewing bin generation as a set-to-set problem. Compared with the fixed bin subdivision method, a specific bin subdivision for each input image makes the model adaptively focus on the height range that is more probable to occur in the scene of the input image. In our experiments, we qualitatively and quantitatively demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches on both the Vaihingen and Potsdam datasets.
Demographic history and gene flow in the peatmosses Sphagnum recurvum and Sphagnum flexuosum (Bryophyta: Sphagnaceae)

Abstract Population size changes and gene flow are processes that can have significant impacts on evolution. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of geography to patterns of gene flow and population size changes in a pair of closely related Sphagnum (peatmoss) species: S. recurvum and S. flexuosum. Both species occur in eastern North America, and S. flexuosum also occurs in Europe. Genetic data from restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq) were used in this study. Analyses of gene flow were accomplished using coalescent simulations of site frequency spectra (SFSs). Signatures of gene flow were confirmed by f 4 statistics. For S. flexuosum, genetic diversity of plants in glaciated areas appeared to be lower than that in unglaciated areas, suggesting that glaciation can have an impact on effective population sizes. There is asymmetric gene flow from eastern North America to Europe, suggesting that Europe might have been colonized by plants from eastern North America after the last glacial maximum. The rate of gene flow between S. flexuosum and S. recurvum is lower than that between geographically disjunct S. flexuosum populations. The rate of gene flow between species is higher among sympatric plants of the two species than between currently allopatric S. flexuosum populations. There was also gene flow from S. recurvum to the ancestor S. flexuosum on both continents which occurred through secondary contact. These results illustrate a complex history of interspecific gene flow between S. flexuosum and S. recurvum, which occurred in at least two phases: between ancestral populations after secondary contact and between currently sympatric plants.
Hidden thermal structure in Fock space

The emergence of quantum statistical mechanics from individual pure states of closed many-body systems is under intensive investigation. While most effort has been put on the impact of the direct interaction (i.e., the usual mutual interaction), here we study systematically and analytically the impact of the exchange interaction that arises from the particle indistinguishability. We show that this interaction leads an overwhelming number of Fock states to exhibit a structure that can be resolved only by observables adjusted according to the system's dynamical properties and from which thermal distributions emerge. This hidden thermal structure in Fock space is found to be related to the so-called limit shape of random geometric objects in mathematics. The structure enables us to uncover, for both ideal and nonideal Fermi gases, a striking mechanism for the emergence of quantum statistical mechanics from individual eigenstates.
Obliquity Tides May Drive WASP-12b’s Rapid Orbital Decay

Recent analyses have revealed a mystery. The orbital period of the highly inflated hot Jupiter, WASP-12b, is decreasing rapidly. The rate of inspiral, however, is too fast to be explained by either eccentricity tides or equilibrium stellar tides. While dynamical stellar tides are possible, they require a subgiant structure for the star, whereas stellar models point toward a main-sequence host. Here, we show that these hitherto irreconcilable observations might be explained by planetary obliquity tides if planet b’s spin vector is trapped in a high-obliquity state maintained by a secular spin–orbit resonance with an unseen exterior perturbing planet. We derive constraints on the obliquity ( ), reduced tidal quality factor ( ), and perturbing planet parameters ( , ) required to generate the observed orbital decay. Direct N-body simulations that include tidal and spin dynamics reinforce the plausibility of the scenario. Furthermore, we show that the resonance could have been captured when planet b’s obliquity was small, making the proposed sequence of events easy to explain. The hypothetical perturbing planet is within the limits of current radial velocity constraints on the system, yet it is also detectable. If it exists, it could provide evidence in favor of the in situ formation hypothesis for hot Jupiters.
Microscopic calculations of Raman scattering from acoustic phonons confined in Si nanocrystals

Raman scattering from the acoustic phonons confied in si nanocrystals is investigated by a microscopic lattice-dynamical calculation. Polarized and depolarized spectra are found to be rather different, indicated from different acoustic phonons. The polarized scattering is more pronounced than the depolarized one. The calculated results are compared with the recent experimental data. The matrix effects are discussed.
Local modular Hamiltonians from the quantum null energy condition

The vacuum modular Hamiltonian $K$ of the Rindler wedge in any relativistic quantum field theory is given by the boost generator. Here we investigate the modular Hamiltoninan for more general half-spaces which are bounded by an arbitrary smooth cut of a null plane. We derive a formula for the second derivative of the modular Hamiltonian with respect to the coordinates of the cut which schematically reads $K" = T_{vv}$. This formula can be integrated twice to obtain a simple expression for the modular Hamiltonian. The result naturally generalizes the standard expression for the Rindler modular Hamiltonian to this larger class of regions. Our primary assumptions are the quantum null energy condition --- an inequality between the second derivative of the von Neumann entropy of a region and the stress tensor --- and its saturation in the vacuum for these regions. We discuss the validity of these assumptions in free theories and holographic theories to all orders in $1/N$.
A simplified model based on self-organized criticality framework for the seismic assessment of urban areas

The analysis of the seismic vulnerability of urban centres has received a great attention in the last century. In order to estimate the seismic vulnerability of a densely populated urban area, it would in principle be necessary to develop in-depth analyses for predicting the dynamic behaviour of the individual buildings and their structural aggregation. Such analyses, however, are extremely cost-intensive, require great processing time and above all expertise judgement. It is therefore very useful to define simplified rules for estimating the seismic vulnerability of whole urban areas. In the last decades, the Self-Organized Criticality (SOC) scenario has gained increasing credibility as a mathematical framework for explaining a large number of naturally occurring extreme events, from avalanches to earthquakes dynamics, from bubbles and crises in financial markets to the extinction of species in the evolution or the behaviour of human brain activity. All these examples show the intrinsic tendency common to many phenomena to spontaneously organize into a dynamical critical state, whose signature is the presence of a power law behaviour in the frequency distribution of events. In this context, the Olami-Feder- Christensen (OFC) model, introduced in 1992, has played a key role in modelling earthquakes phenomenology. The aim of the present paper is proposing an agent-based model of earthquake dynamics, based on the OFC self- organized criticality framework, in order to evaluate the effects of a critical sequence of seismic events on a given large urban area during a given interval of time. The further integration of a GIS database within a software environment for agent-based simulations, will allow to perform a preliminary parametric study of these effects on real datasets. The model could be useful for defining planning strategies for seismic risk reduction
Correlation Analysis of SFI Peculiar Velocities

We present results of a statistical analysis of the SFI catalog of peculiar velocities, a recently completed survey of spiral field galaxies with I-band Tully-Fisher distances. The velocity field statistic utilized is the velocity correlation function, ψ1(r), originally introduced by Górski et al. The analysis is performed in redshift space so as to circumvent potential ambiguities connected with inhomogeneous Malmquist bias corrections. The results from the SFI sample are compared with linear-theory predictions for a class of cosmological models. We generate a large set of mock samples, extracted from N-body simulations, which are used to assess the reliability of our analysis and to estimate the associated uncertainties. We assume a class of cold dark matter–like power spectrum models, specified by σ8, the rms fluctuation amplitude within a sphere of 8 h-1 Mpc radius, and by the shape parameter, Γ. Defining η8 = σ8Ω, we find that the measured ψ1(r) implies a degenerate constraint in the (η8, Γ)-plane, with η8 = 0.3 ± 0.1(Γ/0.2)0.5 at the 2 σ level for the inverse Tully-Fisher (ITF) calibration presented in this paper. We investigate how much this constraint changes as we account for uncertainties in the analysis method and uncertainties in the distance indicator, and we consider alternative ITF calibrations. We find that both changing the error-weighting scheme and selecting galaxies according to different limiting line widths has a negligible effect. On the contrary, the model constraints are quite sensitive to the ITF calibration. The other ITF calibrations, by Giovanelli et al. and da Costa et al. both yield, for Γ = 0.2, a best-fit value of η8 ≃ 0.6.
Entanglement entropy in aperiodic singlet phases

We study the average entanglement entropy of blocks of contiguous spins in aperiodic XXZ chains which possess an aperiodic singlet phase at least in a certain limit of the coupling ratios. In this phase, where the ground state constructed by a real space renormalization group method consists (asymptotically) of independent singlet pairs, the average entanglement entropy is found to be a piecewise linear function of the block size. The enveloping curve of this function is growing logarithmically with the block size, with an effective central charge in front of the logarithm which is characteristic for the underlying aperiodic sequence. The aperiodic sequence producing the largest effective central charge is identified, and the latter is found to exceed the central charge of the corresponding homogeneous model. For marginal aperiodic modulations, numerical investigations performed for the XX model show a logarithmic dependence, as well, with an effective central charge varying continuously with the coupling ratio.
Far-infrared Properties of Infrared-bright Dust-obscured Galaxies Selected with IRAS and AKARI Far-infrared All-sky Survey

We investigate the star-forming activity of a sample of infrared (IR)-bright dust-obscured galaxies (DOGs) that show an extreme red color in the optical and IR regime, . Combining an IR-bright DOG sample with the flux at 22 μm > 3.8 mJy discovered by Toba & Nagao with the IRAS faint source catalog version 2 and AKARI far-IR (FIR) all-sky survey bright source catalog version 2, we selected 109 DOGs with FIR data. For a subsample of seven IR-bright DOGs with spectroscopic redshifts ( ) that were obtained from the literature, we estimated their IR luminosity, star formation rate (SFR), and stellar mass based on the spectral energy distribution fitting. We found that (1) the WISE 22 μm luminosity at the observed frame is a good indicator of IR luminosity for IR-bright DOGs and (2) the contribution of the active galactic nucleus to IR luminosity increases with IR luminosity. By comparing the stellar mass and SFR relation for our DOG sample and the literature, we found that most of the IR-bright DOGs lie significantly above the main sequence of star-forming galaxies at similar redshift, indicating that the majority of IRAS- or AKARI-detected IR-bright DOGs are starburst galaxies.
Observations of comet IRAS-Araki-Alcock 1983d

Observations of comet IRAS-Araki-Alcock 1983d in the infrared region from 12 to 100 microns are reported. The dominant feature seen in the infrared is an extensive dust tail not reported in visual observations. A dust production rate of 200 kg/s is deduced. The far-infrared spectrum suggests that the radius of a mean grain decreases from 30 to 5 microns along the tail.
Dynamics of two colliding Bose-Einstein condensates in an elongated magnetostatic trap

We study the dynamics of two interacting Bose-Einstein condensates, by numerically solving two coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations at zero temperature. We consider the case of a sudden transfer of atoms between two trapped states with different magnetic moments: the two condensates are initially created with the same density profile, but are trapped into different magnetic potentials, whose minima are vertically displaced by a distance much larger than the initial size of both condensates. Then the two condensates begin to perform collective oscillations, undergoing a complex evolution, characterized by collisions between the two condensates. We investigate the effects of their mutual interaction on the center-of-mass oscillations and on the time evolution of the aspect ratios. Our theoretical analysis provides a useful insight into the recent experimental observations by Maddaloni et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2413 (2000)].
Rotationally driven VHE emission from the Vela pulsar

Context. The recent detection of pulsed γ-ray emission from the Vela pulsar in the ∼10 to 100 GeV range by H.E. S.S. promises important potential to probe into the very high energy (VHE) radiation mechanisms of pulsars. Aims. A combined analysis of H.E. S.S. and Fermi-LAT data suggests that the leading wing of the P2 peak shows a new, hard gamma-ray component (with photon index as hard as Γ ∼ 3.5), setting in above 50 GeV and extending beyond 100 GeV. We study these findings in the context of rotationally driven (centrifugal) particle acceleration. Methods. We analyze achievable particle energies in the magnetosphere of the Vela pulsar and calculate the resultant emission properties. Results. Inverse Compton up-scattering of thermal photons from the surface of the star is shown to lead a pulsed VHE contribution reaching into the TeV regime with spectral characteristics compatible with current findings. If confirmed by further observations this could be the second case where rotationally driven processes turn out to be important to understand the VHE emission in young pulsars.
Sixty Validated Planets from K2 Campaigns 5–8

We present a uniform analysis of candidates from the second year of NASA’s K2 mission (Campaigns 5–8), yielding statistically validated planets spanning a range of properties with median values of Rp = , P = days, Teq = K, and J = mag. The sample includes planets in 11 multiplanetary systems, as well as 18 false positives and remaining planet candidates. Of particular interest are planets smaller than 2 , five orbiting stars brighter than J = 10 mag, and a system of four small planets orbiting the solar-type star EPIC 212157262. We compute planetary transit parameters and false-positive probabilities using a robust statistical framework and present a complete analysis incorporating the results of an intensive campaign of high-resolution imaging and spectroscopic observations. This work brings the K2 yield to over 360 planets, and by extrapolation, we expect that K2 will have discovered ∼600 planets before the expected depletion of its onboard fuel in late 2018.
Stochastic Anti-Disturbance Flight Control for Helicopter Systems With Switching Disturbances Under Markovian Parameters

In this article, the stochastic anti-disturbance control issue is studied for helicopter systems under multiple random disturbances, in which part disturbances are induced by random noises and others are described by Markovian jump models. Combining the feedback linearization method, backstepping control scheme with nonlinear disturbance observer-based control technology, a stochastic anti-disturbance flight controller is constructed for full-degree-of-freedom helicopter systems to reject the influence of these disturbances and achieve predefined tracking tasks. Meanwhile, the boundedness in probability of tracking errors is guaranteed via the stochastic Markovian jump control system theory. Finally, an example is given to verify the effectiveness of proposed control methods.
Constraints on a New Post-General Relativity Cosmological Parameter

A new cosmological variable is introduced to characterize the degree of departure from Einstein's general relativity with a cosmological constant. The new parameter, $\ensuremath{\varpi}$, is the cosmological analog of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$, the parametrized post-Newtonian variable which measures the amount of spacetime curvature per unit mass. In the cosmological context, $\ensuremath{\varpi}$ measures the difference between the Newtonian and longitudinal potentials in response to the same matter sources, as occurs in certain scalar-tensor theories of gravity. Equivalently, $\ensuremath{\varpi}$ measures the scalar shear fluctuation in a dark-energy component. In the context of a vanilla, cosmological constant-dominated universe, a nonzero $\ensuremath{\varpi}$ signals a departure from general relativity or a fluctuating cosmological constant. Using a phenomenological model for the time evolution $\ensuremath{\varpi}={\ensuremath{\varpi}}_{0}{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{DE}}/{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{M}}$ which depends on the ratio of energy density in the cosmological constant to the matter density at each epoch, it is shown that the observed cosmic microwave background temperature anisotropies limit the overall normalization constant to be $\ensuremath{-}0.4l{\ensuremath{\varpi}}_{0}l0.1$ at the 95% confidence level. Existing measurements of the cross-correlations of the cosmic microwave background with large-scale structure further limit ${\ensuremath{\varpi}}_{0}g\ensuremath{-}0.2$ at the 95% CL. In the future, integrated Sachs-Wolfe and weak lensing measurements can more tightly constrain ${\ensuremath{\varpi}}_{0}$, providing a valuable clue to the nature of dark energy and the validity of general relativity.