Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WellSTIC: A Cost‐Effective Sensor for Performing Point Dilution Tests to Measure Groundwater Velocity in Shallow Aquifers

Many individual measurement points are required to characterize groundwater velocity within an aquifer. Groundwater velocity is most commonly measured using a network of >5 cm diameter monitoring wells, which, if not already present at a site, are expensive and labor‐intensive to install. Drive‐point piezometers—simple, cost‐effective wells that can be installed by hand—are a common tool for sampling groundwater in shallow, alluvial aquifers, but most groundwater velocity measurement techniques require equipment that is too large for these narrow (usually <2 cm inside diameter) piezometers. In this technical note, we introduce a low‐cost sensor and well packer system (<$90 USD) for performing point dilution tests in narrow piezometers. Field data show that the magnitude of groundwater velocity measured with this technique agrees with velocities computed from natural gradient tracer tests. Additionally, with proper calibration, these sensors can be used to continuously monitor in‐well specific conductance, either during inter‐well tracer tests with saline tracers or for water quality monitoring. This system is a viable tool for rapid assessment of the magnitude of groundwater velocity in shallow aquifers.
Interaction between Boron and Other Elements in Plants

Boron (B) is an essential mineral nutrient for growth of plants, and B deficiency is now a worldwide problem that limits production of B deficiency-sensitive crops, such as rape and cotton. Agronomic practice has told that balanced B and other mineral nutrient fertilizer applications is helpful to promote crop yield. In recent years, much research has reported that applying B can also reduce the accumulation of toxic elements such as cadmium and aluminum in plants and alleviate their toxicity symptoms. Therefore, the relation between B and other elements has become an interesting issue for plant nutritionists. Here we summarize the research progress of the interaction between B and macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and sulfur, essential micronutrients such as iron, manganese, zinc, copper, and molybdenum, and beneficial elements such as sodium, selenium, and silicon. Moreover, the interaction between B and toxic elements such as cadmium and aluminum, which pose a serious threat to agriculture, is also discussed in this paper. Finally, the possible physiological mechanisms of the interaction between B and other elements in plants is reviewed. We propose that the cell wall is an important intermediary between interaction of B and other elements, and competitive inhibition of elements and related signal transduction pathways also play a role. Currently, research on the physiological role of B in plants mainly focuses on its involvement in the structure and function of cell walls, and our understanding of the details for interactions between B and other elements also tend to relate to the cell wall. However, we know little about the metabolic process of B inside cells, including its interactions with other elements. More research is needed to address the aforementioned research questions in future.
Characterizing Current THD’s Dependency on Solar Irradiance and Supraharmonics Profiling for a Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Power Plant

The rapidly increasing distributed energy resources (DERs) in power systems are now getting interconnected to set community grid structures, where power quality will be a major concern. The grid-to-grid (G2G) bidirectional power transfer among the distribution microgrid will not be considered commercially feasible unless the upstream harmonics are under the limits. The aggregation of such harmonics, measured as total harmonic distortion (THD), is feared to be beyond tolerable limits with the progression of rooftop grid-tied PV-like installations. Hence, this THD needs to be characterized with DER generation end variables. In this work, the photovoltaic (PV) DERs’ dependency on environment variables such as irradiance was profiled in the context of generating and injecting harmonics into the grid. A mathematical model of a grid-tied three-phase PV DER was developed as part of this correlation characterization, matching the fundamental unit structure of a 1.4 MW solar canopy located on the Florida International University (FIU) Miami campus. To determine the qualitative association with produced THD patterns, the model was evaluated with various irradiance settings. A real-time digital simulation (RTDS) platform was used to verify it. Following this confirmation, sets of data from power quality meters at the point of common coupling and FIU field sensors were utilized to validate further the correlation model. The results showed that the grid current’s THD exhibited a high correlation with the irradiance profile and its variation over time. The early morning and late afternoon periods of the day, associated with a low irradiance, constantly had higher harmonics generated from the PV DER. The midday THD was rather rational with partial shadings, hence a geolocation-dependent factor. These findings were verified by an RTDS and validated by real field data. In quantifying the THD injected by a single DER at a high-frequency (2–150 kHz) supraharmonics (SH) level, a 3% peak increment in magnitude was observed from the high-fixed to the low-fixed irradiance profile. The correlation characteristics depicted that the hybrid microgrid suffered from a daytime-dependent harmonic insertion from the grid-tied DER. This is a global problem unless specific measures are taken to mitigate the harmonics. The electrically notorious higher-frequency SH was found to increase proportionally. The G2G power transfer can be limited because of the higher THD in the early morning and late afternoon, which will also worsen because the numbers of grid-tied PV DERs (i.e., rooftop solar and industrial solar) are likely to increase rapidly soon. The community grid structure can thus have a controlled harmonics filtration setup purposefully designed to address the findings of this work, which also fall within the scope of our future research.
Toxicity of fine and coarse atmospheric particles using Vibrio fischeri

In the present study, the toxicity of fine (<2.5μιη) and coarse (2.5-1 Ομιη) particulate matter was determined using a rapid and cost-effective bioluminescence assay, the Microtox bioassay. Samples were collected in the city of Kozani which is a heavy industrialized area in the north-western part of Greece and characterized by complex topography. Near Kozani, lignite power stations (PS) operate with a total installed generating capacity of more than 4.7 G W . These PS contribute to about 57% of the total electrical energy produced in Greece. The lignite used by these power stations is mined in the nearby open-pit mines. Dust emissions seem to be the most serious problem in the area, as the measured ambient concentrations of suspended particles are at high levels and exceed local and international standards. The organic contents from filters were extracted in two stages. Firstly by reflux and then by using ultrasound bath. Then concentration extracts were further concentrated to 1 mL and the half part, after addition of internal standard, was analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry technique for the determination of the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) listed by the U.S. EPA as priority pollutants. The other part of extract was exchanged with 0.5 ml of D M S O and then diluted to freshwater. Following the samples were analyzed for their ecotoxicological properties with Vibrio fischeri. Five consecutive dilutions of the sample were tested in order to determine the EC50 values (the % of sample concentration that causes 50 % effect on the test organism) as a result of different size of particulates. The results showed correlation between toxicity of airborne particles and P A H s content.
Measuring Semantic Similarity between Words Based on Multiple Relational Information

SUMMARY The similarity of words extracted from the rich text relation network is the main way to calculate the semantic similarity. Complex relational information and text content in Wikipedia website, Community Question Answering and social network, provide abundant corpus for semantic similarity calculation. However, most typical research only focused on single relationship. In this paper, we propose a semantic similarity calculation model which integrates multiple relational information, and map multiple relationship to the same semantic space through learning representing matrix and semantic matrix to improve the accuracy of semantic similarity calculation. In experiments, we conﬁrm that the semantic calculation method which integrates many kinds of relationships can improve the accuracy of semantic calculation, compared with other semantic calculation methods. key words: semantic similarity, representation learning, multiple-relation
Modeling of the N2+ ion in cold helium plasma II: transport properties of N2+ in helium

A detailed modeling of N 2+ transport properties in helium gas has been performed by employing Monte Carlo calculations based on ab initio collision cross-sections reported by our group in a preceding paper (S Paláček et al 2022 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 31 105004). A broad range of the reduced electric field ( E/N ) is considered to provide data directly usable in macroscopic modeling of processes in cold helium plasmas. The N 2+ mobility in helium gas at room temperature (T = 300 K), the characteristic energies of its longitudinal and transversal diffusion, and the rate constant of the N 2+ dissociation induced by collisions with helium atoms have been calculated. The effect of the N 2+ initial rotational-vibrational excitation is investigated as well as the effect of the rotational alignment of the N 2+ molecule. A direct comparison with N 2+ /He mobility experimental data is performed as well as indirect tests of theoretical estimates of the characteristic diffusion energies by comparing the latter with pseudo-experimental data obtained from mobility experiments via an inverse-method approach.
LDA, GW, and exact-exchange Kohn-Sham scheme calculations of the electronic structure of sp semiconductors

Electronic structures of Si, Ge, GaAs, BeSe, BeTe, MgSe, and MgTe resulting from the local-density approximation (LDA), exact-exchange (EXX) Kohn-Sham scheme and the many-body-GW approximation are compared. It is shown that although the EXX scheme gives good energy gaps between occupied and unoccupied bands, it underestimates by $\ensuremath{\sim}10%$ the widths of upper valence bands. The GW approximation is applied perturbatively either on top of the LDA, or EXX band structures in the zero order. It is argued that such a perturbative scheme carries a built-in ambiguity: the quasiparticle band structure depends on an arbitrary constant in the Kohn-Sham potential. This ambiguity could be removed by a requirement of the energy alignment between the Kohn-Sham and GW schemes.
The Importance of Photoprocessing in Protoplanetary Disks

Midplane models of protoplanetary disks find that the cold temperatures in the outer parts of the disk ensure that virtually all molecules are accreted onto the grains. However, molecules in the gas are observed at these radii. One possible explanation is that the emission arises from above the midplane, possibly in a heated layer at the surface of a flared disk. Models which take into account the vertical chemical distribution of molecules and can calculate column densities are therefore required for comparison with observations. We present the results of a calculation of the time-dependent two-dimensional chemical structure of a flared protoplanetary disk which includes photoprocesses driven by both the stellar and interstellar radiation fields. Three layers are found in the disk consistent with previous work. In the upper layer photodissociation produces large abundances of atoms and ions. Below this molecules are shielded and can avoid dissociation, although sufficient radiation is present to remove molecules from the grain surfaces by photodesorption. The majority of the observable species come from this layer. Closer to the midplane of the disk, freezeout removes molecules from the gas. We find that photodesorption can account for the observed column densities if the photodesorption yield is higher than 10-3 molecules per photon. These results indicate that many observed molecules trace the physical and chemical conditions in the surface regions rather than the midplane although the contribution of the heated surface layer to the column densities is minimal.
Enhancement of Kerr nonlinearity with vanishing absorption in a tripod scheme

The giant enhancement of Kerr nonlinearity in a four-level tripod type system is investigated theoretically. By tuning the value of the Rabi frequency of the coherent control field, owing to the double dark resonances, the giant-enhanced Kerr nonlinearity can be achieved within the right transparency window. The influence of Doppler broadening is also discussed.
Aero Graphene in Modern Aircraft & UAV

The paper focuses on aero graphene and carbon nanotube (CNT) aerogel which will use in aircraft such as battery, engine, pitot probe, wings, fuselage, plane front glass which will also protect the aircraft from rain and wind because of the buoyant force. There are several ways to make aero graphene, but the most common approach includes reducing a precursor graphene oxide solution to make a graphene hydrogel. Through freeze-drying, any solvent is removed from the pores and replaced with air. A new method for producing aero graphene has emerged: 3-D printing. This is a significant scientific achievement. It creates a resin by diffusing graphene in a gel. The graphene resin can be cured into a solid and then dried in a furnace using UV LED light. Aero-graphene coating into the fuselage, wings and front glasses of the cockpit will give a great impact on the next-generation aircraft. Making an aircraft with aero-graphene will give the aircraft a strong and light skeleton.
Homogeneous redundancy optimization in multi-state series-parallel systems: A heuristic approach

This paper presents a heuristic for a series-parallel system, exhibiting a multi-state behavior, minimizing the cost in order to provide a desired level of reliability. System reliability is defined as the ability to satisfy consumer demands which is presented as a piecewise cumulative load curve. The components are binary and chosen from a list of products available on the market, and are characterized in terms of their feeding capacity, reliability and cost. The solution approach makes use of a homogeneous collection of components to provide redundancy in a subsystem. The algorithm is applied to power systems found in the literature for various levels of reliability requirement. The heuristic offers a straightforward analysis and is efficient both in terms of solution quality and computational time, as compared to existing genetic algorithms and heuristics. Thus, the developed heuristic is attractive, and it can be easily and efficiently applied to numerous real-life systems.
Biomarker for detecting myocardial ischemia using multi class particle swarm optimization

ABSTRACT Coronary Heart Disease is one of the life threats to mankind when the arteries become too narrow because of cholesterol blockages in the walls. When the blood flow to the heart is reduced by preventing the heart muscle from receiving enough oxygen, myocardial ischemia will occur. In this research work, analyzing was performed for the wall motion of the Left Ventricle. This work will be executed in three steps. The first step is to detect LV Border area. In the second step, shape, structural information are extracted and the best information is selected by using the B4 method. In the Third Step, the system will classify the disease category using MPSO – IWM, AWMI, LVD, CMP, IVS and normal. The system is validated using anatomical structure of Heart and medical rules as described by doctors and obtained an accuracy of 93.2%, Sensitivity of 94%, and Specificity of 91.5%.
Thermal and Gluing Properties of Phenol-Based Resin with Lignin for Potential Application in Structural Composites

Using Kraft lignin, bio-based adhesives have been increasingly studied to replace those petrochemical-based solutions, due to low cost, easy availability and the potential for biodegradability of this biomaterial. In this study, lignin-based phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resins were synthesized using commercial Eucalypt Kraft Lignin (EKL), purified at 95%, as a phenol substitute in different proportions of 10%, 20%, 30% and 50%. The properties of bio-based phenol formaldehyde (BPF) synthesized resin were compared with phenol-formaldehyde resin (PF) used for control sampling. The results indicated that viscosity, gel time and solid contents increased with the addition of pure EKL. The shear strength test of glue line was studied according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), and BPF-based results were superior to samples bonded with the PF as a control sample, being suitable for structural purposes. Changes in the curing behavior of different resins were analyzed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and sample comparison indicated that the curing of the LPF resin occurred at lower temperatures than the PF. The addition of EKL in PF reduced its thermal stability compared to traditional resin formulation, resulting in a lower decomposition temperature and a smaller amount of carbonaceous residues.
Nature of strained InAs three‐dimensional island formation and distribution on GaAs(100)

The substrate temperature and arsenic pressure dependence of the density of InAs three‐dimensional (3D) islands formed on GaAs(100) is found to exhibit a behavior that cannot be reconciled within the currently popular view of MBE growth. Rather, either an arsenic coverage induced strain enhanced In migration or strain dependent arsenic incorporation at islands, or both, appear to be operative. Plan‐view and cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy, including the nature of the Moire fringes, are used to obtain cluster size distribution and demarcation between size regime for coherent versus incoherent islands. The results point to the possibility of realizing a regular array of quantum dots made of coherently strained 3D islands of uniform size via growth on prepatterned substrates.
SOME INTEGRATED PHOTOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD.

Central regions of the Large Magellanic Cloud which are free of supergiants were subjected to surface photometry in the UBV and DDO color systems in order to study the properties of the older disk of stars. The surface brightness of the older disk was found to obey, in the central regions examined, the exponential distribution described by Freeman (1970). In spite of obvious differences in structure, the Large Magellanic Cloud and the M33 galaxy appeared to have underlying disks that are analogous.
A Practical Curriculum Design and Learning Effectiveness Evaluation of Competence-Oriented Instruction Strategy Integration: A Case Study of Taiwan Skills-Based Senior High School

The 12-Year Basic Education Curricula not only follow the objectives of previous curriculum syllabus development, but they place more focus on competence-oriented instruction, which aims to emphasize the importance of combining the curriculum with life situations that are not solely based on learning knowledge and skills. This study aims to investigate the results of the students’ learning effectiveness and learning engagement after adding competence-oriented instructional strategies into electrical engineering practical subjects offered by the Department of Electrical Engineering in skills-based senior high schools, and, at the same time, to figure out the difference in learning effectiveness using different instructional strategies. Two classes of students from the Department of Electrical Engineering major in electrical engineering practical subjects in one skills-based senior high school in Central Taiwan were chosen as the participants for this study. By way of pre-test–post-test research design and heterogeneous grouping, a 10-week instruction experiment consisting of two groups and occurring over the course of 30 classes was conducted, wherein competence-oriented instructional strategies were used in an experimental group, while traditional didactic instructional strategies were used in a control group. By analyzing the collection of quantitative and qualitative data through competence-oriented instructional strategies, the instruction effectiveness and feasibility of the basic electricity practical curriculum were developed as the study topic for understanding how competence-oriented instruction can be implemented into the practical curriculum of the electrical engineering and electronic engineering group. According to the research objective, the results were concluded as follows: (1) Students of the Department of Electrical Engineering have a slightly better learning effectiveness in electrical engineering practice under competence-oriented instructional strategies compared with those who learned under the traditional didactic instructional strategies; (2) there is a significant difference in the students’ learning engagement in electrical engineering practice from the Department of Electrical Engineering under competence-oriented instructional strategies compared with those who learned under the traditional didactic instructional strategies. The conclusion of this study emphasizes designing questions based on life situations, thereby applying what students have learned to solve problems they encounter in their daily lives. Compared with traditional didactic instructional strategies, competence-oriented instructional strategies not only have a better learning effectiveness and provide flexibility for the students to solve problems and provide analysis for situations, they also have broader applicability and an increased number of positive benefits when it comes to students’ group interactions and sharing.
Compactly Supported Wavelets in Sobolev Spaces of Integer Order

Abstract We present a construction of regular compactly supported wavelets in any Sobolev space of integer order. It is based on the existence and suitable estimates of filters defined from polynomial equations. We give an implicit study of these filters and use the results obtained to construct scaling functions leading to multiresolution analysis and wavelets. Their regularity increases linearly with the length of their supports as in the L 2 case. One technical problem is to prove that the intersection of the scaling spaces is reduced to 0. This is solved using sharp estimates of Littlewood–Paley type.
Contact resistance between metal and carbon nanotube interconnects: Effect of work function and wettability

The contact resistance of 14 different electrode metals with the work function between 3.9 and 5.7 eV has been investigated for carbon nanotube (CNT) interconnects. We observed that the contact resistance was mainly influenced by the two following parameters: the wettability and the work function difference of electrode metal to CNT. Ti, Cr, and Fe with good wettability showed lower resistance than other metals. Furthermore, no dependence of the contact resistance on the work function difference has been observed. However, the contact resistance of Au, Pd, and Pt with poor wettability increased as the work function difference became larger.