Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A simple fruit and vegetable score is a valid tool to assess actual fruit and vegetable intake

Abstract With the recent growing interest in improving fruit and vegetable intake for better health and limited research resources in many settings, simple-to-administer and low-priced indicators are essential tools for monitoring fruit and vegetable intake at the population level. A potential candidate indicator is the fruit and vegetable component of the Global Dietary Recommendation score (FV-GDR) based on data collected using the Diet Quality Questionnaire (DQQ). We investigated the relative validity of FV-GDR collected with the DQQ to measure fruit and vegetable intake by comparison with a 24-h recall (24hR) as a reference collected from 620 Vietnamese and 630 Nigerian adults in 2021. We found proportional differences in the prevalence of intake of vitamin A-rich vegetables, other vegetables and other fruits in Vietnam and all vegetable food groups in Nigeria. In both countries, we found a small difference in the total FV-GDR from DQQ compared with the 24hR, and the percentage of agreement between the two methods was quite high for the majority of the food groups. The FV-GDR calculated from the DQQ correlated with the actual intake, although less strongly than the FV-GDR from 24hR. The DQQ is a promising low-burden, low-cost and simple tool to calculate FV-GDR and to monitor fruit and vegetable consumption at the population level. This provides the possibility of evaluating an important aspect of diet quality in low-resource settings.
pH Dependence of a GPR4 Selective Antagonist Hampers Its Therapeutic Potential

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic mucosal inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and is associated with extracellular acidification of mucosal tissue. Several extracellular pH-sensing receptors, including G protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4), play an important role in the regulation of inflammatory and immune responses, and GPR4 deficiency has been shown to be protective in IBD animal models. To confirm the therapeutic potential of GPR4 antagonism in IBD, we tested Compound 13, a selective GPR4 antagonist, in the interleukin 10−/− mouse model of colitis. Despite good exposures and albeit there was a trend toward improvement for a few readouts, Compound 13 treatment did not improve colitis in this model, and there were no signs of target engagement. Interestingly, Compound 13 behaved as an “orthosteric” antagonist, i.e., its potency was pH dependent and mostly inactive at pH levels lower than 6.8 with preferential binding to the inactive conformation of GPR4. Mutagenesis studies confirmed Compound 13 likely binds to the conserved orthosteric binding site in G protein-coupled receptors, where a histidine sits in GPR4 likely preventing Compound 13 binding when protonated in acidic conditions. While the exact mucosal pH in the human disease and relevant IBD mice models is unknown, it is well established that the degree of acidosis is positively correlated with the degree of inflammation, suggesting Compound 13 is not an ideal tool to study the role of GPR4 in moderate to severe inflammatory conditions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Compound 13, a reported selective GPR4 antagonist, has been widely used to assess the therapeutic potential of GPR4, a pH-sensing receptor, for numerous indications. Its pH dependence and mechanism of inhibition identified in this study clearly highlights the limitations of this chemotype for target validation.
Carbohydrates for glycemic control: functional and microbiome aspects

Purpose of review Glycemia goals are used as indicators of control and progression in prediabetes and diabetes. Adopting healthy eating habits is essential. It is worth considering the quality of carbohydrates to help with dietary glycemic control. The present article aims to review recent meta-analyses published in the years 2021–2022 on the effects of dietary fiber and low glycemic index/load (LGI/LGL) foods on glycemic control and how gut microbiome modulation contributes to glycemic control. Recent findings Data involving more than 320 studies were reviewed. The evidence allows us to infer that LGI/LGL foods, including dietary fiber intake, are associated with reduced fasting glycemia and insulinemia, postprandial glycemic response, HOMA-IR, and glycated hemoglobin, which are more evident in soluble dietary fiber. These results can be correlated with changes in the gut microbiome. However, the mechanistic roles of microbes or metabolites implicated in these observations continue to be explored. Some controversial data highlight the need for more homogeneity between studies. Summary The properties of dietary fiber are reasonably well established for their glycemic homeostasis effects, including the fermentation aspects. Findings of gut microbiome correlations with glucose homeostasis can be incorporated into clinical nutrition practice. Target dietary fiber interventions on microbiome modulation can offer options to improve glucose control and contribute to personalized nutritional practices.
Multiple Access via Compute-and-Forward

Lattice codes used under the Compute-and-Forward paradigm suggest an alternative strategy for the standard Gaussian multiple-access channel (MAC): The receiver successively decodes integer linear combinations of the messages until it can invert and recover all messages. In this paper, this strategy is developed and analyzed. For the two-user MAC, it is shown that without time-sharing, the entire capacity region can be attained with a single-user decoder as soon as the signal-to-noise ratios are above $1+\sqrt{2}$. A partial analysis is given for more than two users. Lastly the strategy is extended to the so-called dirty MAC where two interfering signals are known non-causally to the two transmitters in a distributed fashion. Our scheme extends the previously known results and gives new achievable rate regions.
Neural representation of perceived race mediates the opposite relationship between subcomponents of self-construals and racial outgroup punishment

Abstract Outgroup aggression characterizes intergroup conflicts in human societies. Previous research on relationships between cultural traits and outgroup aggression behavior showed inconsistent results, leaving open questions regarding whether cultural traits predict individual differences in outgroup aggression and related neural underpinnings. We conducted 2 studies to address this issue by collecting self-construal scores, EEG signals in response to Asian and White faces with painful or neutral expressions, and decisions to apply electric shocks to other-race individuals in a context of interracial conflict. We found that interdependent self-construals were well explained by 2 subcomponents, including esteem for group (EG) and relational interdependence (RI), which are related to focus on group collectives and harmonious relationships, respectively. Moreover, EG was positively associated with the decisions to punish racial outgroup targets, whereas RI was negatively related to the decisions. These opposite relationships were mediated by neural representations of perceived race at 120–160 ms after face onset. Our findings highlight the multifaceted nature of interdependent self-construal and the key role of neural representations of race in mediating the relationships of different subcomponents of cultural traits with racial outgroup punishment decisions in a context of interracial conflict.
Association Between Statin Exposure and Incidence and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer

It is widely thought that statins have huge therapeutic potential against prostate cancer (PCA). This study aimed to investigate the effect of statin exposure on PCA incidence and prognosis. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for observational studies on the association between statin exposure and PCA from inception until July 2022. The primary endpoints were the incidence of PCA and the survival rate. A total of 21 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled estimates showed that exposure to hydrophilic statins was not associated with the incidence of PCA (odds ratio [OR]=0.94, 95% CI=0.88-1.01, P=0.075), while the incidence of PCA was significantly decreased in populations exposed to lipophilic statins compared with the nonexposed group (OR=0.94, 95% CI=0.90-0.98, P=0.001), mainly in Western countries (OR=0.94, 95% CI=0.91-0.98, P=0.006). Subgroup analysis showed that simvastatin (OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.71-0.97, P=0.016) effectively reduced the incidence of PCA. The prognosis of PCA in patients exposed to both hydrophilic (hazard ratio [HR]=0.57, 95% CI=0.49-0.66, P<0.001) and lipophilic (HR=0.65, 95% CI=0.58-0.73, P<0.001) statins were better than in the nonexposed group, and this improvement was more significant in the East than in Western countries. This study demonstrates that statins can reduce the incidence of PCA and improve prognosis, and are affected by population region and statin properties (hydrophilic and lipophilic).
Therapie der eosinophilen Ösophagitis - Fortschritte und Perspektiven

Zusammenfassung In jüngster Zeit wurden in der Therapie der eosinophilen Ösophagitis (EoE) und insbesondere im Bereich der topischen Corticosteroide erhebliche Fortschritte erreicht. Neue EoE-spezifische Darreichungsformen wurden entwickelt und haben in Form der orodispersiblen Budesonid-Tablette zu der ersten in Deutschland und anderen europäischen und außereuropäischen Ländern zugelassenen Therapie der EoE bei Erwachsenen geführt. In den USA steht eine EoE-spezifische orale Budesonid-Suspension kurz vor der Zulassung. Dagegen bleibt die wissenschaftliche Datenlage zur Wirksamkeit von Protonenpumpeninhibtoren weiterhin limitiert. Auch im Bereich der Biologika konnten nach langer Zeit Substanzen identifiziert werden, die erstmals in Phase 2 sehr vielversprechende Ergebnisse gezeigt haben und sich derzeit in klinischen Prüfungen der Phase 3 befinden. In diesem Artikel sollen die aktuellen Fortschritte und Perspektiven in der Therapie der EoE dargestellt und diskutiert werden.
On the origin of life: an RNA-focused synthesis and narrative

Darwin's assertion that “it is mere rubbish thinking, at present, of origin of life” is no longer valid. By synthesizing origin of life (OoL) research from its inception to recent findings, with a focus on (i) proof-of-principle prebiotically plausible syntheses and (ii) molecular relics of the ancient RNA World, we present a comprehensive up-to-date description of science's understanding of the OoL and the RNA World hypothesis. Based on these observations, we solidify the consensus that RNA evolved before coded proteins and DNA genomes, such that the biosphere began with an RNA core where much of the translation apparatus and related RNA architecture arose before RNA transcription and DNA replication. This supports the conclusion that the OoL was a gradual process of chemical evolution involving a series of transitional forms between prebiotic chemistry and the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) during which RNA played a central role, and that many of the events and their relative order of occurrence along this pathway are known. The integrative nature of this synthesis also extends previous descriptions and concepts and should help inform future questions and experiments about the ancient RNA World and the OoL.
Multi-objective Planning of Distribution Network Considering Network Survivability

From the perspective of connectivity,network survivability in the complex network theory describes the networks ability to resist damage.The concept of network survivability is introduced into distribution network planning.A multi- objective distribution network planning model is developed with the cost of investment,maintenance and operation minimal and the networks invulnerability maximal as the objective.And the multi-objective model is optimized with vector ordinal optimization.The vector ordinal optimization theory including sorting comparison and target softening is capable of ensuring good enough solution with high probability,meeting engineering needs for optimal or suboptimal solution in distribution network planning.Numerical example has verified that good solutions can be found much more rapidly by vector ordinal optimization than by modern heuristic algorithms.
Evaluation of endpoints for the study and diagnosis of mitochondrial toxicity and disease: a narrative review

Abstract Mitochondrial DNA mutation and toxicity have been linked to several inherited and acquired diseases; however, these are challenging to diagnose and characterize due to clinical and genetic heterogeneity. This review investigates current techniques for the analysis of mitochondrial perturbations, and novel, emerging endpoints for routine application within the clinical setting. Particular focus is given to the biochemistry of the mitochondria influencing each endpoint and the relation of these to toxicity. Current approaches such as the use of metabolic markers (e.g. lactate production), and muscle biopsies to measure mitochondrial proteins were found to lack specificity. Newly emerging identified endpoints were: fibroblast growth factor-21, glucose uptake, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial morphology, mtDNA heteroplasmy, and mutation of mtDNA and nuclear DNA. Owed to the advancement in genetic analysis techniques, it is suggested by this review that genotypic endpoints of mtDNA mutation and heteroplasmy show particular promise as indicators of mitochondrial disease. It is, however, acknowledged that any single endpoint in isolation offers limited information; therefore, it is recommended that analysis of several endpoints simultaneously will offer the greatest benefit in terms of disease diagnosis and study. It is hoped that this review further highlights the need for advancement in understanding mitochondrial disease.
Prevalence and Correlates of Preference-Concordant Care Among Hospitalized People Receiving Maintenance Dialysis

Key Points A large proportion of hospitalized patients receiving dialysis report not receiving preference-concordant care. Hospitalized patients on dialysis desiring a comfort-oriented medical plan were likely to report receiving preference-concordant care. Background Preference-concordant care is a cornerstone of high-quality medical decision-making, yet the prevalence and correlates of preference-concordant care have not been well-studied in patients receiving dialysis. We surveyed hospitalized people receiving maintenance dialysis to estimate the prevalence and correlates of preference-concordant care among this population. Methods We assessed preference concordance by asking participants (223/380, 59% response rate), “How strongly do you agree or disagree that your current treatment plan meets your preference? ” We assessed treatment plan preference by asking whether patients preferred a plan that focused on (1) extending life or (2) relieving pain and discomfort. We assessed shared dialysis decision-making using the 9-item Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire. We examined the differences between those reporting lack of preference-concordant care and those reporting receipt of preference-concordant care using chi-squared analyses. We also studied whether patients' treatment plan preferences or shared dialysis decision-making scores were correlated with their likelihood of receiving preference-concordant care. Results Of the 213 respondents who provided data on preference concordance, 90 (42.3%) reported that they were not receiving preference-concordant care. Patients who preferred pain and discomfort relief over life extension were less likely (odds ratio, 0.15 [95% confidence interval, 0.08 to 0.28] P = <0.0001) to report receiving preference-concordant care; patients with higher shared decision-making scores were more likely (odds ratio, 1.02 [95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.03], P = 0.02) to report preference-concordant care. Conclusions A substantial proportion of this sample of hospitalized people receiving maintenance dialysis reported not receiving preference-concordant care. Efforts to improve symptom management and enhance patient engagement in dialysis decision-making may improve the patients' perceptions of receiving preference-concordant care.
Gene Expression in Cord Blood and Tuberculosis in Early Childhood: A Nested Case-Control Study in a South African Birth Cohort

Abstract Background Transcriptomic profiling of adults with tuberculosis (TB) has become increasingly common, predominantly for diagnostic and risk prediction purposes. However, few studies have evaluated signatures in children, particularly in identifying those at risk for developing TB disease. We investigated the relationship between gene expression obtained from umbilical cord blood and both tuberculin skin test conversion and incident TB disease through the first 5 years of life. Methods We conducted a nested case-control study in the Drakenstein Child Health Study, a longitudinal, population-based birth cohort in South Africa. We applied transcriptome-wide screens to umbilical cord blood samples from neonates born to a subset of selected mothers (N = 131). Signatures identifying tuberculin conversion and risk of subsequent TB disease were identified from genome-wide analysis of RNA expression. Results Gene expression signatures revealed clear differences predictive of tuberculin conversion (n = 26) and TB disease (n = 10); 114 genes were associated with tuberculin conversion and 30 genes were associated with the progression to TB disease among children with early infection. Coexpression network analysis revealed 6 modules associated with risk of TB infection or disease, including a module associated with neutrophil activation in immune response (P < .0001) and defense response to bacterium (P < .0001). Conclusions These findings suggest multiple detectable differences in gene expression at birth that were associated with risk of TB infection or disease throughout early childhood. Such measures may provide novel insights into TB pathogenesis and susceptibility.
Bone‐to‐Bone Ligament Preserving Laminoplasty with Ultrasonic Osteotome Assistance for Intraspinal Tumors: A Technical Note and Clinical Follow‐Up

Laminectomy has been widely used for intraspinal tumor resection. However, the tilted spinous process and narrow lateral laminae of the thoracic spine along with the hypertrophic ligamentum flavum of the lumbar spine pose certain problems for the laminae removal of the traditional laminectomy. We improved the laminectomy method with ultrasonic osteotome to treat thoracolumbar tumors and assessed its safety and superiority.
Physiotherapy management of nociplastic pain: A Delphi study of Italian specialists

Nociplastic pain due to central sensitization (CS) is common in people suffering from chronic pain, but no clinical practice guideline is available in rehabilitative settings for patients' management. The aim of this study is to achieve expert consensus on physiotherapy competencies in the management of people with nociplastic pain and suspected CS mechanisms.
Nurse leaders’ experiences of remote leadership in health care

Purpose This study aimed to describe nurse leaders’ experiences of remote leadership in health care sector. Design/methodology/approach Semistructured interviews were conducted among nurse leaders (N = 12) between January and March 2022. All of the interviewees had experiences of remote leadership and worked as immediate – (n = 5) or middle-level (n = 7) leaders in health care organizations across four provinces in Finland. The collected data were analyzed by inductive content analysis. Findings The leaders had experienced a rapid transition to remote leadership and highlighted the need for guidelines and joint discussions with different stakeholders. The interviewees felt that working life has changed in the last two years and that remote leadership will now be a key part of leadership in health care. The leaders’ experiences highlighted how important trust is in remote leadership. Furthermore, the interviewees pointed out a need for face-to-face contact and described other good practices for remote leadership. Overseeing work-related well-being was also stressed as important in the remote context; however, the interviewees expressed a need for instructions and tools concerning the management of employee well-being. The sudden change to remote leadership was not only described as interesting but also challenging, which has affected the leaders’ work-related well-being. Support – both from the organization and other employees – was found to be crucial to health care leaders’ work-related well-being. Originality/value The current study complements the little-researched topic of remote leadership in the health care sector. The results provide insights that can be used to develop remote leadership and/or guide future research.
Improved ID3 algorithm based on variable precision

ID3 algorithm is a classical algorithm in data mining,this algorithm has the worse ability to resist noise.Via the research on ID3 algorithm,according to the thought of variable precision rough set,the algorithm is improved by setting threshold value while cal-culating attributes' entropy,in order to relax the restrictions while selecting attributes.After the improved ID3 algorithm(VPID3),the interference of noise to classification could be reduced to a certain extent,this made result correspond to reality even more,is used finally,the feasibility of the improved algorithm is illustrated with an example.
Is radical local therapy effective in postoperative recurrent EGFR ‐mutated non‐small cell lung cancer?

Long‐term survival can be achieved with radical local therapy in some cases of postoperative recurrence of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we evaluated post‐recurrence survival (PRS) after treatment of postoperative recurrent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutated NSCLC and examined the effectiveness of radical local therapy.
Nucleotide excision repair in Human cell lines lacking both XPC and CSB proteins

Abstract Nucleotide excision repair removes UV-induced DNA damage through two distinct sub-pathways, global repair and transcription-coupled repair (TCR). Numerous studies have shown that in human and other mammalian cell lines that the XPC protein is required for repair of DNA damage from nontranscribed DNA via global repair and the CSB protein is required for repair of lesions from transcribed DNA via TCR. Therefore, it is generally assumed that abrogating both sub-pathways with an XPC−/−/CSB−/− double mutant would eliminate all nucleotide excision repair. Here we describe the construction of three different XPC−/−/CSB−/− human cell lines that, contrary to expectations, perform TCR. The XPC and CSB genes were mutated in cell lines derived from Xeroderma Pigmentosum patients as well as from normal human fibroblasts and repair was analyzed at the whole genome level using the very sensitive XR-seq method. As predicted, XPC−/− cells exhibited only TCR and CSB−/− cells exhibited only global repair. However, the XPC−/−/CSB−/− double mutant cell lines, although having greatly reduced repair, exhibited TCR. Mutating the CSA gene to generate a triple mutant XPC−/−/CSB−/−/CSA−/− cell line eliminated all residual TCR activity. Together, these findings provide new insights into the mechanistic features of mammalian nucleotide excision repair.