Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MAKING CITIES INTEROPERABLE IN TURKEY

Abstract. The population of cities is increasing rapidly day by day, and it is predicted that this increase will continue in the following years. Accordingly, population growth creates a significant pressure in many different domains of cities such as infrastructure, traffic, energy, and environment. Smart cities come forward as a useful option to struggle with the pressure on cities caused by overwhelming population growth and to make cities liveable and sustainable. Smart city approach creates gains in the fields of sustainable development, competitiveness and environmental sustainability with its ability to transform information into economic, social and environmental benefits. However, smart city services and applications are mostly designed as independent and unrelated units so this approach causes isolated and heterogeneous data and technology islands. As the result, data flow problem occurs between vertical applications and service suppliers, and this interoperability problem causes emergence of independent silos in smart cities. Such silos hinders data integration, prevent citizens and public administrations benefit fully from smart cities, and cause vendor lock-in. In order to use the full potential of smart city approach, it’s vital to secure interoperability systems and applications of smart cities. In this study, interoperability terms and their necessity for smart city ecosystem will be addressed. Afterwards, Smart City Interoperability Model’s (SCIM) contributions to semantic, technical and operational interoperability will be discussed.
The spatial analysis of landscape ecological stability and ecological security in the steppe regions of Russia

The ecological-economic security [EES] and the landscape-ecological stability of the steppe regions of Russia are the main factors of national security and indicators of the sustainability of socio-economic development. Therefore, it is advisable to consider them based on large-scale studies. The study territory is a mesoregion, including the steppe zone of Russia. A comprehensive analysis of the economic development, social sector, and ecological condition of the territory became the basis for assessing the EES of the regions. We assessed landscape-ecological stability by calculating the coefficient of ecological stability of the landscape. Based on reliable information, we formed a database that comprises 37 indicators for 18 steppe regions of Russia. Using the coefficients and integral indices, we compiled an integrated schematic map. As a result, we established that the level of stability of the ecological landscape increases to the northeast of the studied territory. We observed the maximum value of the ecological and economic security index (1.8) in Krasnodar Krai, the Republic of Bashkortostan, and Novosibirsk Krai. Furthermore, we characterized the regions where the coefficient of ecological landscape stability exceeded 1 by indicators of ecological and economic security, presented in the ratio 1/1.5/2.
Fuzzy control strategies to provide cost and energy efficient high quality indoor environments in buildings with high occupant densities

Since the oil crises of the 1970s building professionals have become increasingly aware of the effects of their design decisions on the energy consumption rates in buildings. Often this has led to strategies that have compromised aspects of human requirements such as thermal comfort or air quality. When this has been combined with an architectural approach that often takes little heed of local climate or custom the result has been uncomfortable buildings that are disliked by and have often affected the health of their occupants. The comfort of building occupants is dependant on many environmental parameters including those provided by the building envelope, building environmental services and control systems. Inadequate design and control can lead to reductions of occupant comfort, energy efficiency and cost efficiency. To achieve a high quality internal environment with good energy and cost efficiencies, the interactions between the contributory factors must be taken into consideration. An examination of the notion of indoor environmental quality and the potential for control strategies and methodologies for this multivariate problem are considered within the contexts of energy efficiency and running costs. The use of fuzzy logic control is examined as a technical response to this dilemma. A high level fuzzy supervisor was used to make control decisions on the best course of action to achieve high levels of indoor environmental quality while taking into account effects on energy and cost efficiency. Simulation results indicated the potential for improvements in system operation.
Estimating and Removing Ionospheric Effects for L-band Spaceborne Bistatic SAR

One of the challenges of the low-frequency spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is that propagation through the ionosphere will introduce non-negligible errors in the final SAR product. In the low-frequency bistatic SAR (BiSAR) system, the ionosphere will degrade the imaging performance and cause non-negligible phase errors in the single-pass SAR interferometry application, which results in undesired errors of Digital Elevation Model. In this paper, a method that embedded into the focusing procedure is proposed, which aims to estimate and remove ionospheric effects on L-band spaceborne BiSAR system. Firstly, the impacts of ionospheric effects on the BiSAR system are demonstrated, including the deterioration of imaging performance and the geometric distortion. Then, a method is proposed to correct ionospheric effects. Afterwards, the simulations including point targets and distributed targets are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The imaging results and the DEM reconstruction results show that the proposed method can effectively estimate and remove ionospheric effects on spaceborne BiSAR system.
Characterization and tissue expression analysis of mitochondrial creatine kinases (types I and II) from Pelodiscus sinensis

Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize the functions of the mitochondrial creatine kinases in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis (PSCK-MT1 and PSCK-MT2) to characterize function in relation to hibernation. Computational prediction via molecular dynamics simulations showed that PSCK-MT1 had stronger kinase- and creatine-binding affinity than PSCK-MT2. We measured PSCK-MT1 and PSCK-MT2 levels in the myocardium, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and ovary of P. sinensis before and after hibernation and found that the expression of these enzymes was the most significantly upregulated in the ovary. We enumerated the ovarian follicles and evaluated the physiological indices of P. sinensis and discovered that fat was the main form of energy storage in P. sinensis. Moreover, both PSCK-MTs promoted follicular development during hibernation. Immunohistochemistry was used to study follicular development and revealed that both PSCK-MTs were expressed primarily in the follicular fluid and granulosa layer before and after hibernation. We found that PSCK-MT1 and PSCK-MT2 could play important roles in ovarian follicular development under hibernation. Hence, both PSCK-MTs probably function effectively under the conditions of low temperature and oxygen during hibernation. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Performance of hybrid electric vehicle using reluctance synchronous machine technology

The performance of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle with a small reluctance synchronous machine drive is presented. The machine is current angle controlled for maximum torque per ampere or minimum kVA. This ensures that the machine is operated reasonable close to optimal efficiency for all loads. The calculated and measured performance results of the reluctance synchronous machine drive and the electric vehicle are given. The 28 kW peak reluctance synchronous machine is used to drive the back wheels of a small delivery-vehicle through a differential. The conventional petrol-engine propelled front drive is kept standard. Simulation and measured results show that with the small RSM drive generating a peak torque of 150 Nm, the 1480 kg vehicle accelerates from 0-60 km/h in 19 seconds. The maximum range of the HEV on a single battery charge is measured as 90 km at 60 km/h.
General emotional labor scale: Development and establishing psychometric properties

This study outlines the process followed in the development of the General Emotional Labor Scale-English (GELS-E). The scale construction process was divided into different phases. The first phase entailed the item generation and the second phase was the pilot study. Phase three and four dealt with developing the norms and establishing the psychometric properties (reliability and validity) of the final 30 items. It can be concluded that the GELS-E was developed as a measure that can be used by researchers to assess emotional labor in professionals. Such a measure of emotional labor can prove to be beneficial for researchers and organizations alike. It can be used to understand the performance and effects of emotional labor and arrange trainings needed to help employees with the performance of emotional labor.
Real-time digital control of PWM inverter with PI compensator for uninterruptible power supply

A method is presented for real-time digital control of PWM (pulsewidth-modulation) inverters for UPS application. Using two state variables (output voltage and load current) measured at every sampling time, the DSP (digital signal processor) carries out the real-time calculation of the inverter pulsewidth for the next sampling time. Maximum pulsewidth and robustness to the system parameter variation are obtained by using the next sampling pulsewidth calculation and the PI compensation, respectively. The control scheme was verified through simulation and experiment for various cases, including sudden load change, system parameter variation, and the nonlinear load condition, and it provides excellent transient response and robustness for various load conditions. <<ETX>>
Designing foreign policy

The literature on economic sanctions has long studied sender countries’ policymaking as a simple choice between imposing sanctions to extract concessions from the targeted country and doing nothing. We depart from this simplifying assumption and analyze sanctions as a multifaceted foreign policy instrument. We argue that senders design sanction policies in response to policy preferences of two domestic constituencies. Voters expect a response to an international dispute in the form of some policy, such as economic sanctions; hence, the sender’s policymakers seek to demonstrate their competence in foreign affairs by imposing sanctions. Once the policymakers announce the use of sanctions, special interest groups that stand to experience economic losses when this foreign policy is implemented pressure the policymakers to choose sanction measures limiting such losses. As a result, the policymakers design sanction policies to include measures that will be less detrimental to special interest groups. We test our theoretical argument using the Threat and Imposition of Sanctions data and show that, while pressures from public opinion increase the likelihood of sanctions, special interest groups that benefit from the relationship with the target country are associated with a lower probability of the use of sanction measures that would impose substantial costs on domestic interest groups.
INDY—From Flies to Worms, Mice, Rats, Non-Human Primates, and Humans

I’m Not Dead Yet (Indy) is a fly homologue of the mammalian SLC13A5 (mSLC13A5) plasma membrane citrate transporter, a key metabolic regulator and energy sensor involved in health, longevity, and disease. Reduction of Indy gene activity in flies, and its homologs in worms, modulates metabolism and extends longevity. The metabolic changes are similar to what is obtained with caloric restriction (dietary restriction). Similar effects on metabolism have been observed in mice and rats. As a citrate transporter, INDY regulates cytoplasmic citrate levels. Indy flies heterozygous for a P-element insertion have increased spontaneous physical activity, increased fecundity, reduced insulin signaling, increased mitochondrial biogenesis, preserved intestinal stem cell homeostasis, lower lipid levels, and increased stress resistance. Mammalian Indy knockout (mIndy-KO) mice have higher sensitivity to insulin signaling, lower blood pressure and heart rate, preserved memory and are protected from the negative effects of a high-fat diet and some of the negative effects of aging. Reducing mIndy expression in human hepatocarcinoma cells has recently been shown to inhibit cell proliferation. Reduced Indy expression in the fly intestine affects intestinal stem cell proliferation, and has recently been shown to also inhibit germ cell proliferation in males with delayed sperm maturation and decreased spermatocyte numbers. These results highlight a new connection between energy metabolism and cell proliferation. The overrall picture in a variety of species points to a conserved role of INDY for metabolism and health. This is illustrated by an association of high mIndy gene expression with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese humans. mIndy (mSLC13A5) coding region mutations (e.g., loss-of-function) are also associated with adverse effects in humans, such as autosomal recessive early infantile epileptic encephalopathy and Kohlschütter−Tönz syndrome. The recent findings illustrate the importance of mIndy gene for human health and disease. Furthermore, recent work on small-molecule regulators of INDY highlights the promise of INDY-based treatments for ameliorating disease and promoting healthy aging.
Ultrashort Polarization Splitter Using Two-Mode Interference in Silicon Photonic Wires

An ultrashort polarization splitter based on the zero-gap directional coupler is proposed and realized. Its interference section is 8.8 mum long. It is also shown that the length of the interference section can be reduced to about 2.1 mum. The crosstalk for both transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) polarizations is 16 dB at a wavelength of 1.55 mum. The extinction ratios of TE and TM polarizations are 18.2 and 13.7 dB, respectively. The device has 3-dB bandwidth of 43 nm in TE polarization and 50 nm in TM polarization with the center wavelength at 1.55 mu m.
STATIC STATE ESTIMATION OF POWER SYSTEMS CONTAINING SERIES AND SHUNT FACTS CONTROLLERS

This paper proposes a practical Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices implementa- tion into a Weighted Least Squares (WLS) state estimation algorithm. FACTS devices implemented in the estimator are the Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC), the Static Var Compensator (SVC) and the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). The developed estimator up- grades the state variables of these devices simultaneously with the state variables of the rest of the electric network, for a unified solution in a single-frame of reference. Re- sults are presented to show the developed program charac- teristics to assess the power system state and to set the FACTS controllers parameters for given control specifica- tions.
Implementation of a single-phase AC/AC converter based on neutral-point-clamped topology

A single-phase ac/ac converter based on neutral-point-clamped scheme is proposed to perform unity input power factor and to provide a stable ac voltage to the critical loads. The ac/dc rectifier part is controlled to generate a unipolar pulsewidth modulation (PWM) waveform on the ac terminal by using four power switches with voltage stress of half the dc-link voltage. The carrier-based current control scheme is employed in the inner control loop to track the line current command. To regulate the dc bus voltage, a proportional-integral (PI) control is adopted in the outer control loop. The dc/ac inverter part of the system with four power switches is employed to generate a stable and clean sinusoidal output voltage to the critical load. The instantaneous current control scheme is used to track the output voltage command. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm, the simulation and experimental results based on a laboratory prototype were implemented and discussed.
A Review of the Psychological Factors Affecting the Acquisition and Outcomes of Credit

Since their introduction in the 1980s, credit scores have been the dominant method used to assess the creditworthiness of individuals. However, they rely heavily on situational factors which may lead to good long term borrowers being denied due to unfortunate recent circumstances. Instead, there is emerging evidence that a number of psychological factors including personality traits, attitudes and behaviours play an important role in the acquisition and outcomes of credit. Taking account of these factors may provide a better picture of the long term creditworthiness of individuals, despite their current circumstances. This review paper takes the important step of collating the latest research on the psychological factors involved throughout the credit process from acquisition to financial outcomes. It highlights the multifaceted nature of personal credit use with the various inextricably linked personality, attitudinal and behavioural factors involved
Elements of sensor fusion

Summary form only given. The paper outlines the need for sensor fusion and the philosophy underlying it, then reviews some of the main issues in the field. In particular, it considers the problem of integrating numeric and symbolic data fusion techniques, the need for models of both sensor information and physical sensor devices, and the problem of finding an appropriate architecture for different information fusion applications. Examples including surveillance systems and process plant controllers are described in the context of these issues.
Practical aspects and prospects for formation of financial and industrial groups in Uzbekistan

This article examines the conditions for the formation of financial and industrial groups in Uzbekistan and the participation of commercial banks in their activities. The purpose of the study is to formulate recommendations for creating the necessary conditions for the formation and organization of the activities of financial and industrial groups. The authors used the following research methods: grouping, abstraction, comparative analysis, structural analysis, and scientific forecasting. This article also describes the role of financial and industrial groups in the development of the economy and assesses the possibility of creating financial and industrial groups with the participation of commercial banks. In addition, the features and prospects for the creation of financial and industrial groups in Uzbekistan have been identified. The authors conclude that there are the following grounds for the formation of financial and industrial groups with the participation of commercial banks in Uzbekistan: the volume of commercial bank loans allocated to the real sector of the economy is increasing, there is a great need for financial resources to modernize production, as well as technical and technological re-equipment of enterprises. The formation of financial and industrial groups in the national economy will lead to the sustainable development of the industrial sector, ensuring the stability of the financial and banking system and increasing the competitiveness of the national economy.
End Effect in a Shorted Slot (Short Papers)

An investigation of the end effect in a shorted-slot line is described. It is shown that the apparent position of the short is a small fraction of a wavelength beyond the end of the slot. The reactance seen at the end of the slot is, therefore, inductive. Experimental curves are presented which show normalized inductive reactance versus frequency for substrates with /spl epsi//sub r/ =12 and /spl epsi//sub r/=20 for several slot widths.
Programmable Session Layer MULTI-Connectivity

Our devices can use a wide range of communication technologies such as multiple cellular technologies (4G/5G), WiFi, and also Ethernet. At the same time, applications have a choice of a wide range of transport protocols such as QUIC and TCP that can be fine-tuned and optimized according to their needs. However, in spite of these advances, offering seamless multiconnectivity to applications continues to be a hard problem. The key factors that continue to be a roadblock towards achieving seamless multiconnectivity include a) applications cannot specify the communication technologies to be used by their flows, and b) the traditional definition of a connection endpoint was not designed to support mobile nodes. In this paper we discuss the key challenges that make this problem hard. We also present MULTI, a session layer approach that can be leveraged to address some of the key sub-problems of this problem. For instance, we observe that MULTI incurred a small overhead (less than 5% decrease in throughput) when using TCP compared to the native asyncio python library.
Comprehensive Analyses of the Expression, Genetic Alteration, Prognosis Significance, and Interaction Networks of m6A Regulators Across Human Cancers

Accumulating lines of evidence indicate that the deregulation of m6A is involved in various cancer types. The m6A RNA methylation is modulated by m6A methyltransferases, demethylases, and reader proteins. Although the aberrant expression of m6A RNA methylation contributes to the development and progression of multiple cancer types, the roles of m6A regulators across numerous types of cancers remain largely unknown. Here, we comprehensively investigated the expression, genetic alteration, and prognosis significance of 20 commonly studied m6A regulators across diverse cancer types using TCGA datasets via bioinformatic analyses. The results revealed that the m6A regulators exhibited widespread dysregulation, genetic alteration, and the modulation of oncogenic pathways across TCGA cancer types. In addition, most of the m6A regulators were closely relevant with significant prognosis in many cancer types. Furthermore, we also constructed the protein–protein interacting network of the 20 m6A regulators, and a more complex interacting regulatory network including m6A regulators and their corresponding interacting factors. Besides, the networks between m6A regulators and their upstream regulators such as miRNAs or transcriptional factors were further constructed in this study. Finally, the possible chemicals targeting each m6A regulator were obtained by bioinformatics analysis and the m6A regulators–potential drugs network was further constructed. Taken together, the comprehensive analyses of m6A regulators might provide novel insights into the m6A regulators’ roles across cancer types and shed light on their potential molecular mechanisms as well as help develop new therapy approaches for cancers.
Digital Transformations of the Public Arena

Digital technologies have changed the public arena, but there is little scholarly consensus about how they have done so. This Element lays out a new framework for the digitally mediated public arena by identifying structural changes and continuities with the pre-digital era. It examines three country cases – the United States, Germany, and China. In these countries and elsewhere, the emergence of new infrastructures such as search engines and social media platforms increasingly mediate and govern the visibility and reach of information, and thus reconfigure the transmission belt between citizens and political elites. This shift requires a rethinking of the workings and dysfunctions of the contemporary public arena and ways to improve it.