Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Lymphoma-Related Genes with Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Enrichment

Lymphoma is a serious malignant tumor that contains more than 70 different types and seriously endangers the body's lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is the regulatory center of the immune system and is important in the immune response to foreign antigens and tumors. Studies showed that multiple genetic variants are associated with lymphoma but determining the pathogenic mechanisms remains a challenge. In the present study, we first applied the Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of lymphoma-associated and lymphoma-nonassociated genes. Next, the Boruta and max-relevance and min-redundancy feature selection methods were performed to filter and rank features. Then, features preselected and ranked using the incremental feature selection method were applied for the decision tree model to identify the best GO terms and KEGG pathways and extract classification rules. Results indicate that our predicted features, such as B-cell activation, negative regulation of protein processing, negative regulation of mast cell cytokine production, and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, are associated with the biological process of lymphoma, consistent with those of recent publications. This study provides a new perspective for future research on the molecular mechanisms of lymphoma.
Meliorate Test Efficiency: A Survey

This paper focuses on Test Case Prioritization Techniques to gain insight of it. The prioritization or ordering of test cases is highly demanded by the software testers in the industry, as their time bound is very critical. At the same time, testers want to improve efficiency without compromising on quality. The objective is to detect faults at the early stages of testing cycle. The test case prioritization technique is the widely used technique in software industry to achieve timely release of quality software product. Hence, this paper attempts to make a survey of some prominent research approaches towards test case prioritization.
Decreased Saccadic Eye Movement Speed Correlates with Dynamic Balance in Older Adults

This study aimed to determine the change in saccadic eye movement (SEM) speed according to age (young older; 65–72 years, middle older; 73–80 years, old older: over 81 years) in the elderly and identify the correlation between SEM speed and balance ability. We recruited 128 elderly individuals and measured their SEM speed and balance. The SEM speed was measured to allow the target to appear once every 2 s (0.5 Hz), twice per second (2 Hz), or thrice per second (3 Hz). The SEM performance time was 1 min with a washout period of 1 min. Balance ability was measured using the functional reach test (FRT), timed up-and-go test (TUG), and walking speed (WS). As age increased, FRT, TUG, and WS decreased and SEM speed was significantly decreased in old older than in young older adults at 3 HZ. In all participants, the 3 Hz SEM speed was significantly correlated with TUG and WS. Therefore, SEM speed may be inadequate or decreased in response to rapid external environmental stimuli and may be a factor that deteriorates the ability to balance in older adults.
Assessing the role of information and communication technology in reducing the gap between rich and poor: the case of South Asia

PurposeThe widening income gap between rich and poor has gained worldwide recognition in recent decades. This income gap between rich and poor is defined as the extent of income unevenly distributed in a host country. This study provides an empirical view of the association between information and communication technology and the widening of the income gap.Design/methodology/approachThe study used panel data from 2005 to 2019. To detect unit root issues, Levin and Lin (LL) and Im, Pesaran and Shin (IPS) tests were first employed. The pooled mean group and mean group estimators were employed to investigate the short and long -term impact of information and communication technology and other control factors on reducing the gap between rich and poor in South Asia.FindingsThe results showed that the Pooled mean group's findings are more efficient and consistent as compared to mean group estimators. The results of the paper showed that the greater penetration of information and communication technologies in the economy negatively and significantly affects income inequality. Moreover, the information and communication technology, foreign remittances and foreign direct investment (FDI) significantly reduce the gap between rich and poor in the long run.Practical implicationsAt last, the findings of the study serve as an excellent roadmap for policymakers seeking to address the issue of growing income inequality in the South Asian regions and worldwide.Originality/valueBased on the findings of this study, South Asia can reduce the gap between rich and poor by investing more in the information and communication technology sector.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-10-2021-0638
Effect of Surface Modification of Carbon Nanotubes on the Properties of High-Strength and High-Conductivity Copper Matrix Composites

The use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the reinforcing phase to prepare copper-based composite materials can improve the strength and high conductivity of copper-based conductors. In order to analyze the effect of surface oxidation modification on the structural properties of carbon nanotubes and its strengthening effect on composite materials, this article combines heterogeneous copolymerization liquid phase mixing method and spark plasma sintering molding method; prepares the carbon nanotubes/copper composite materials using carbon nanotubes under different oxidation treatment conditions as the reinforcing phase (the volume fraction of carbon nanotubes is 3%); and characterizes the microstructure, mechanical properties, and electrical and thermal conductivity of the composite material. Studies have shown that the tensile strength and hardness of composite materials first increase with the increase of CNT oxidation treatment time and then decrease with the increase of oxidation treatment time. When the oxidation treatment time is 4 h, CNTs are uniformly dispersed in the matrix while maintaining good structural integrity and load-bearing capacity, and the composite material has the highest mechanical properties. The tensile strength of the composite material made of 80‐ nm CNTs reaches 452.4 MPa, which is 1.6 times that of pure copper, and the hardness reaches 127.4HV, which is twice that of pure copper. The electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of the composite material first increase with the increase of the oxidation treatment time of carbon nanotubes and then decrease with the increase of the oxidation treatment time. The 80 nm CNT reinforced composite material has better CNT dispersion performance and higher conductivity than that of 15 nm CNT preparation. The electrical conductivity of the composite material reaches the maximum value of 92% IACS when the CNT oxidation treatment time is 4 hours, which is 95% of the pure copper sample, and the electrical conductivity is significantly better than that of the CNT/Cu composite material and copper alloy prepared by other methods. The thermal conductivity of composite materials is lower than that of pure copper. The thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes with an oxidation treatment time of 2 h decreases most obviously, indicating that the thermal resistance generated by the interface and agglomeration phases in the composite material affects its thermal conductivity.
Ginsenoside Rg5 Sensitizes Paclitaxel—Resistant Human Cervical-Adeno-Carcinoma Cells to Paclitaxel—And Enhances the Anticancer Effect of Paclitaxel

In cervical cancer chemotherapy, paclitaxel (PTX) chemoresistance has become a major difficulty, and it also affects the survival rate of numerous tumor patients. Thus, for the reversal of chemoresistance, it is imperative to develop combinatory drugs with petite or almost no side effects to sensitize cells to paclitaxel. Ginsenoside Rg5 (GRg5) may act as a chemosensitizer by reversing multidrug resistance. The present study aimed to determine the potential of GRg5 as a chemosensitizer in PTX-resistant human cervical adeno-carcinoma cell lines (HeLa cells). MTT assay was carried out to assess whether GRg5 can potentiate the cytotoxic effect of PTX in PTX- resistant HeLa cells; using flow cytometry-based annexin V-FITC assay, cellular apoptosis was analyzed; the rate of expression of the cell cycle, apoptosis and major cell-survival-signaling-related genes and its proteins were examined using RT-PCR and Western blotting technique. We found increased mRNA expression of Bak, Bax, Bid, and PUMA genes, whereas the mRNA expression of Bcl2, Bcl-XL, c-IAP-1, and MCL-1 were low; GRg5 combination triggered the efficacy of paclitaxel, which led to increased expression of Bax with an enhanced caspase-9/-3 activation, and apoptosis. Moreover, the study supports GRg5 as an inhibitor of two key signaling proteins, Akt and NF-κB, by which GRg5 augments the susceptibility of cervical cancer cells to PTX chemotherapy. GRg5 drastically potentiated the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of paclitaxel in PTX-resistant human cervical cancer cells in a synergistic mode. Moreover, in the clinical context, combining paclitaxel with GRg5 may prove to be a new approach for enhancing the efficacy of the paclitaxel.
Métodos de búsqueda usando los algoritmos de enjambre de partículas y genético

espanolLa optimizacion de un problema para la toma de decisiones es una tarea frecuente en la vida. Existen en la literatura diferentes tecnicas deterministicas y heuristicas, las cuales son utilizadas de acuerdo a las condiciones o restricciones del problema para encontrar la mejor solucion. Sin embargo, para lograr una exploracion en un espacio de busqueda de posibles soluciones, se aplican los metodos metaheuristicos, los cuales se basan en el comportamiento de poblaciones y trayectorias permitiendo encontrar soluciones casi optimas. En este articulo se presenta el estudio de dos metodos metaheuristicos basados en poblaciones, el algoritmo enjambre de particulas y el algoritmo genetico, implementados para dar solucion a problemas cuyo objetivo es optimizar buscando siempre el menor valor. Para llevar a cabo este estudio, se realiza una aplicacion en lenguaje de programacion JAVA que contiene la implementacion de los dos algoritmos a ser evaluados sobre funciones no lineales. El resultado de este trabajo se muestra mediante la comparacion en la precision al obtener la solucion optima de los metodos, mostrando la evolucion de los resultados de forma grafica hasta llegar a la solucion. Al finalizar se concluye que el enjambre de particulas tiene un mejor comportamiento que el algoritmo genetico. EnglishThis article presents the study of two metaheuristic methods based in populations, the comparison between two search algorithms, the particle swarm algorithm (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) for solving problems whose objective is optimize always looking for the lowest value. To carry out this study, we made an application in JAVA programming language that contains the implementation of the two algorithms to be used for evaluation of nonlinear functions. The result of this work is shown by comparing the accuracy to obtain the optimal solution of the methods listed above, showing the evolution of the results in graphical form to reach the solution. From this study it can be concluded that the particle swarm optimization has a better performance than genetic algorithm.
Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor. Despite multimodality treatment with surgical resection, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and tumor treating fields, recurrence is universal, median observed survival is low at 8 months and 5-year overall survival is poor at 7%. Immunotherapy aims to generate a tumor-specific immune response to selectively eliminate tumor cells. In treatment of GBM, immunotherapy approaches including use of checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-Cell therapy, vaccine-based approaches, viral vector therapies, and cytokine-based treatment has been studied. While there have been no major breakthroughs to date and broad implementation of immunotherapy for GBM remains elusive, multiple studies are underway. In this review, we discuss immunotherapy approaches to GBM with an emphasis on molecularly informed approaches.
Comparative Genomic Analysis of SAUR Gene Family, Cloning and Functional Characterization of Two Genes (PbrSAUR13 and PbrSAUR52) in Pyrus bretschneideri

The SAUR (small auxin-up RNA) gene family is the biggest family of early auxin response genes in higher plants and has been associated with the control of a variety of biological processes. Although SAUR genes had been identified in several genomes, no systematic analysis of the SAUR gene family has been reported in Chinese white pear. In this study, comparative and systematic genomic analysis has been performed in the SAUR gene family and identified a total of 116 genes from the Chinese white pear. A phylogeny analysis revealed that the SAUR family could be classified into four groups. Further analysis of gene structure (introns/exons) and conserved motifs showed that they are diverse functions and SAUR-specific domains. The most frequent mechanisms are whole-genome duplication (WGD) and dispersed duplication (DSD), both of which may be important in the growth of the SAUR gene family in Chinese white pear. Moreover, cis-acting elements of the PbrSAUR genes were found in promoter regions associated with the auxin-responsive elements that existed in most of the upstream sequences. Remarkably, the qRT-PCR and transcriptomic data indicated that PbrSAUR13 and PbrSAUR52 were significantly expressed in fruit ripening. Subsequently, subcellular localization experiments revealed that PbrSAUR13 and PbrSAUR52 were localized in the nucleus. Moreover, PbrSAUR13 and PbrSAUR52 were screened for functional verification, and Dangshan pear and frandi strawberry were transiently transformed. Finally, the effects of these two genes on stone cells and lignin were analyzed by phloroglucinol staining, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, and qRT-PCR. It was found that PbrSAUR13 promoted the synthesis and accumulation of stone cells and lignin, PbrSAUR52 inhibited the synthesis and accumulation of stone cells and lignin. In conclusion, these results indicate that PbrSAUR13 and PbrSAUR52 are predominantly responsible for lignin inhibit synthesis, which provides a basic mechanism for further study of PbrSAUR gene functions.
BRAF and MLH1 Analysis Algorithm for the Evaluation of Lynch Syndrome Risk in Colorectal Carcinoma Patients: Evidence-Based Data from the Analysis of 100 Consecutive Cases

Several causes may lead to CRC, either extrinsic (sporadic forms) or genetic (hereditary forms), such as Lynch syndrome (LS). Most sporadic deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) CRC cases are characterized by the methylation of the MLH1 promoter gene and/or BRAF gene mutations. Usually, the first test performed is the mismatch repair deficiency analysis. If a tumor shows a dMMR, BRAF mutations and then the MLH1 promoter methylation status have to be assessed, according to the ACG/ASCO screening algorithm. In this study, 100 consecutive formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples of dMMR CRC were analyzed for both BRAF mutations and MLH1 promoter methylation. A total of 47 (47%) samples were BRAF p.V600E mutated, while MLH1 promoter methylation was found in 77 cases (77.0%). The pipeline “BRAF-followed-by-MLH1-analysis” led to a total of 153 tests, while the sequence “MLH1-followed-by-BRAF-analysis” resulted in a total of 123 tests. This study highlights the importance of performing MLH1 analysis in LS screening of BRAF-WT specimens before addressing patients to genetic counseling. We show that MLH1 analysis performs better as a first-line test in the screening of patients with LS risk than first-line BRAF analysis. Our data indicate that analyzing MLH1 methylation as a first-line test is more cost-effective.
Change in Asthma Is Associated with Change in PTSD in World Trade Center Health Registrants, 2011 to 2016

The WTC Health Registry (WTCHR) is a closed, longitudinal cohort of rescue/recovery workers and survivors exposed to the 11 September 2001 disaster. WTCHR enrollees diagnosed with asthma after 11 September 2001 continued to experience poor control despite treatment. Asthma is associated with mental problems, although their bidirectional movement has not been studied. This study tested whether a clinical change in mental problems was associated with a difference in asthma control, and whether a change in asthma control varied with a change in quality of life (QoL). Difference in the Asthma Control Test (ACT) on the WTCHR from 2011–12 to 2015–16 was compared with the change in the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-17), the Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale, self-reported heartburn, and change of physical and mental QoL over this period. In adjusted multinomial multivariable logistic regression, improved PCL-17 was associated with a better ACT score, odds ratio (OR) = 1.42 (95% C.I. 1.01, 1.99), and a worsened PCL-17 score was associated with a worsened ACT score, OR = 1.77 (95% C.I. 1.26, 2.50). Decreased ACT was associated with poor physical QoL, OR = 1.97 (95% C.I. 1.48, 2.62). Change in mental health measures tracked with change in asthma control, which correlated with a change in QoL. Careful follow-up and treatment of all three are indicated to improve these inter-related issues.
Perbandingan Pengklasifikasian Metode Support Vector Machine dan Random Forest (Kasus Perusahaan Kebun Kelapa Sawit)

Palm oil is one of the leading commodities that support the economy in Indonesia. One of the companies engaged in the oil palm plantation sector has 146 units of oil palm plantations. It is very important to optimize oil palm production, so it is necessary to classify the status of plantation units. Classification aims to predict new plantation units and find the most important variables in the modeling process. The variables used were the status of the garden as a response variable and nine explanatory variables, namely harvested area, rainfall, percentage of normal fruit, fresh fruit bunches production, oil palm loose fruits, production, harvest job performance, harvesting rotation, and farmers. The classification process is carried out using the Support Vector Machine and Random Forest methods to find which method is the best. The data is divided into 80% training data and 20% test data with ten iterations so that ten models are produced for each method. Comparing accuracy value, F1 score, and Area Under Curve (AUC) to evaluate the model. The modeling results show that the random forest method has better performance than the SVM method. The random forest has an average of accuracy, F1 score, and AUC, respectively, is 90%, 86%, and 89%. Variables of harvest job performance, oil palm loose fruits, harvested area, rainfall, and harvesting rotation are important variables that contribute more than 10% of the model. The results of the research are used for the evaluation and development process of oil palm companies by taking into account the result of important variables that affect productivity and predictive results of new plantation units
Spectrophotometric determination of Mesalazine by a charge transfer complex

A simple, developed, fast and accurate spectrophotometric method to determination Mesalazine (MES) in its pure form and pharmaceutical preparation (Pentasa). This method was based on the formation of a charge transfer complex between MES and the Iodine (IOD) reagent to give a purple color product that gives its highest absorption at the wavelength of 514 nm. The best conditions for complex formation were found (time, temperature, optimal reagent concentration and pH). The linearity of the method for the complex consisting ranged from 5-45 µg/ml, the Sandell's index was 0.03278 µg/cm2, the molar absorption coefficient was 4670.6175 L/mol.cm and the detection limit was 0.10245 µg /mL, the quantitative limit was 0.31045 µg/ml, the percent recovery range was Rec% between (103.145 - 97.311 ) % and the relative standard deviation range RSD% between (0.128 - 0.263) %. It was found that the method is accurate , precision and has been successfully applied to determinate MES in its pharmaceutical preparation, in direct methods and in multi standard additions.
The Function of Occupational Activity for Health as Perceived by Chronically Ill People

Existing studies confirm the benefits of employment for chronically ill persons’ health, but few studies so far have delved into how they themselves perceive employment in relation to their health. There is also a paucity of information about individual factors influencing the formation of their perceptions. This study sought to determine differences between chronically ill persons with and without jobs regarding their perceptions of the function of employment for the physical, mental and social dimensions of health, as well as how their occupational activity or inactivity moderates the associations between the perception of work as health beneficial or health adverse and selected individual characteristics, such as self-efficacy, acceptance of illness, actualisation of self, and psychosocial problems. The study involved 80 adults with chronic illnesses and was conducted using the following psychological tools: the WH Scale, the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, the Acceptance of Illness Scale, the Actualization of Self Scale and the Psychosocial Problems of Persons with Chronic Illness Scale. It has been found that the way in which chronically ill persons perceive the function of employment for health is unrelated to whether or not they have a job, and that occupational activity moderates associations between the sense of self-efficacy and the perception of work as benefitting health.