Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution and thermodynamics of new holographic dark energy with bulk viscosity in modified $f(R, T)$ gravity

In this paper, bulk viscosity is introduced in new holographic dark energy (HDE) to describe the effects of cosmic non-perfect fluid on the evolution of the universe in modified $f(R,T)$ gravity. Assuming $f(R,T)=R+\lambda T$, where $R$ is the Ricci scalar, $T$, the trace of energy-momentum tensor and $\lambda$ is a constant, we derive a general function of Hubble parameter with bulk viscous form to provide a procedure for the viscous new HDE model building. Especially, we assume the total bulk viscosity coefficient proportional to the velocity of the expansion of the universe in such a way that $\zeta=\zeta_0+\zeta_1 H$. We obtain the solutions of the scale factor and deceleration parameter and classify all the possible scenarios (deceleration, acceleration and their transition) with different parameter regions chosen properly for positive and negative ranges of $\lambda$, and $\zeta_0$ and $\zeta_1$ to analyze the evolution of the universe. It is observed that there is a transition from decelerated phase to accelerated phase at early or late time depending on the values of viscous terms. For large values of viscous terms it always accelerates through out the evolution. Furthermore, we also investigate the statefinder pair $\{r, s\}$ and $\textit{Om}$ diagnostics for the viscous new HDE model to discriminate with other existing DE models. Our viscous model is also different from other existing dark energy models. The evolution of effective equation of state parameter is -0.9745 which is very close to the observation. The entropy and generalized second law of thermodynamics are valid for this model under some constraints of bulk viscous coefficient. The analysis shows that the dark energy phenomena may be explained as the effect of bulk viscosity in the cosmic medium.
Anomalous diffusion. A competition between the very large jumps in physical and operational times

In this paper we analyze a coupling between the very large jumps in physical and operational times as applied to anomalous diffusion. The approach is based on subordination of a skewed Lévy-stable process by its inverse to get two types of operational time – the spent and the residual waiting time, respectively. The studied processes have different properties which display both subdiffusive and superdiffusive features of anomalous diffusion underlying the two-power-law relaxation patterns.
CutLHCO: A Consumer-Level Tool for Implementing Generic Collider Data Selection Cuts in the Search for New Physics

A new computer program named CutLHCO is introduced, whose function is the implementation of generic data selection cuts on collider event specification files in the standardized . lhco format. This software is intended to fill an open market niche for a lightweight yet flexible "consumer-level" alternative to the ROOT data analysis framework. The primary envisioned application is as a filter on output produced by the PGS4 and DELPHES detector simulations, which are themselves lightweight alternatives to the GEANT4 based solutions favored by the large LHC experiments. All process control instructions are provided via a compact and powerful card file input syntax that efficiently facilitates the reasonable approximation of most event selection strategies and specialized discovery statistics commonly employed by the CMS and ATLAS collaborations. The structure, function, invocation and usage of the most recent CutLHCO 2.0 program version are documented thoroughly, including a detailed deconstruction of several example card file specifications. The associated software is simultaneously being made available for free public download.
Collective Förster energy transfer modified by a planar metallic mirror

We present a theory of F\"orster energy transfer between arrays of molecules lying on the planar metallic mirror. First, we calculate the complex band structure of the collective Bloch modes of the light-coupled donor molecules. Next, we determine the effective rate of the energy transfer from the donors to the acceptors and reveal its strong modification by the mirror. The rate can be either suppressed or enhanced depending on the relative positions between the acceptor and donor arrays. The strong modification of the transfer rate is a collective effect, mediated by the coupling between the donors; it is absent in the single-donor model.
KIF2A deficiency causes early-onset neurodegeneration

Significance In this paper, we describe an additional function for KIF2A in the postnatal brain and provide evidence that KIF2A-related pathologies result from defects in neuronal connectivity and early-onset neurodegeneration rather than from impaired neurogenesis as commonly assumed. We conditionally deleted KIF2A from progenitors, nascent and mature cortical neurons and showed that this protein is key for maturation and maintenance of neurons. KIF2A deficiency altered microtubule dynamics and intracellular transport and compromised neuronal connectivity and survival. Our results shed light on the mechanisms by which KIF2A mutations cause brain diseases.
Numerical error analysis of SOLPS-ITER simulations of EAST

Plasma edge simulations with codes like SOLPS-ITER are widely employed to interpret fusion experiments. However, numerical errors appearing in such simulations are rarely investigated, despite their potential large impact on simulation results. These errors consist of the statistical error and the bias, both resulting from the finite number of employed EIRENE Monte Carlo particles and incomplete convergence, and the discretization error due to the finite resolution of the computational grids. In this contribution, the resulting numerical errors on simulations of pure deuterium and neon seeded H-mode EAST discharges are examined. The statistical error can be kept small compared to other numerical error contributions by averaging the plasma profiles. This allows investigating the bias and discretization errors using Richardson extrapolation. It is shown that grid refinement and the number of employed Monte Carlo particles have the largest influence on the result, in agreement with similar studies of an ITER deuterium case. For the first time, numerical error bars on the entire simulated target profiles are determined showing that the largest numerical error is 17.9%, mainly due to the plasma grid discretization. On top, also numerical errors on simulated neutral pressures are investigated in detail, for which the statistical error is dominant. The analysis demonstrates which setup is needed to keep numerical errors limited: the SOLPS-ITER averaging procedure should be employed including enough EIRENE particles, and the involved grids should be sufficiently refined to reduce discretization errors.
Quantification and physics of cold plasma treatment of organic liquid surfaces

Plasma treatment increases the surface energy of condensed phases: solids and liquids. Two independent methods of the quantification of the influence imposed by a cold radiofrequency air plasma treatment on the surface properties of silicone oils (polydimethylsiloxane) of various molecular masses and castor oil are introduced. Under the first method the water droplet coated by oils was exposed to the cold air radiofrequency plasma, resulting in an increase of oil/air surface energy. An expression relating the oil/air surface energy to the apparent contact angle of the water droplet coated with oil was derived. The apparent contact angle was established experimentally. Calculation of the oil/air surface energy and spreading parameter was carried out for the various plasma-treated silicone and castor oils. The second method is based on the measurement of the electret response of the plasma-treated liquids.
Determination of the iron content of Cepheids from the shape of their light curves

We present the study of the metallicity dependence of the Fourier amplitude ratios R_21 and R_31 for the light curves of short-period Galactic classical Cepheids in B, V, R_C and I_C bands. Based on the available photometric and spectroscopic data we determined the relations between the atmospheric iron abundance, [Fe/H], and the Fourier parameters. Using these relations we calculated the photometric [Fe/H] values of all program Cepheids with an average accuracy of 0.15 dex. No spectroscopic iron abundance was known before for 14 of these stars. These empirical results provide an alternate method to determine the iron abundance of classical Cepheids too faint for spectroscopic observations. We also checked whether the metal-poor Cepheids of both Magellanic Clouds follow the same relationships, and a good agreement was found.
Design and Measurement Method for a Ka-Band Phased-Array Radiometer Front-End

This paper presents the design of a Ka-band phased-array radiometer front-end for passive millimeter-wave imaging systems, and proposes a series of measurement methods suitable for such a highly integrated multi-channel module. The front-end integrates self-developed multifunctional active MMICs, passive multi-layer PCB circuits and mechanical horn antennas through a multichip module technology. Since multiple channels and components are integrated inside the module and cannot be separated, the measurement of some specific indicators has become difficult. In this study, by utilizing the reverse radiation and phase-shifting characteristics of the phased-array radiometer, measurement and estimation methods are proposed for return loss of antenna port and channel isolation. Finally, according to the above methods, it is found that the return loss of the antenna port is about -15$\sim$19 dB and the isolation is greater than 22 dB. The required hardware and calculation method are simple and practical. It provides an effective means for measuring the return loss of the antenna port and channel isolation of the highly integrated module.
A THEORY OF MULTICOLOR BLACKBODY EMISSION FROM RELATIVISTICALLY EXPANDING PLASMAS

We consider the emission of photons from the inner parts of a relativistically expanding plasma outflow, characterized by a constant Lorentz factor, Γ. Photons that are injected in regions of high optical depth are advected with the flow until they escape at the photosphere. Due to multiple scattering below the photosphere, the locally emerging comoving photon distribution is thermal. However, as an observer simultaneously sees photons emitted from different angles, hence with different Doppler boosting, the observed spectrum is a multicolor blackbody. We calculate here the properties of the observed spectrum at different observed times. Due to the strong dependence of the photospheric radius on the angle to the line of sight, for parameters characterizing gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) thermal photons are seen up to tens of seconds following the termination of the inner engine. At late times, following the inner engine termination, both the number flux and energy flux of the thermal spectrum decay as F∝t−2. At these times, the multicolor blackbody emission results in a power law at low energies (below the thermal peak), with power-law index Fν∝ν0. We discuss the implications and limitations of this result in the study of GRBs.
Infrared effects in inflationary correlation functions

In this paper, I briefly review the status of infrared effects which occur when using inflationary models to calculate initial conditions for a subsequent hot, dense plasma phase. Three types of divergences have been identified in the literature: secular, ‘time-dependent’ logarithms, which grow with time spent outside the horizon; ‘box-cutoff’ logarithms, which encode a dependence on the infrared cutoff when calculating in a finite-size box; and ‘quantum’ logarithms, which depend on the ratio of a scale characterizing new physics to the scale of whatever process is under consideration, and whose interpretation is the same as the conventional field theory. I review the calculations in which these divergences appear, and discuss the methods which have been developed to deal with them.
Residual mean first-passage time for jump processes: theory and applications to Lévy flights and fractional Brownian motion

We derive a functional equation for the mean first-passage time (MFPT) of a generic self-similar Markovian continuous process to a target in a one-dimensional domain and obtain its exact solution. We show that the obtained expression of the MFPT for continuous processes is actually different from the large system size limit of the MFPT for discrete jump processes allowing leapovers. In the case considered here, the asymptotic MFPT admits non-vanishing corrections, which we call residual MFPT. The case of Lévy flights with diverging variance of jump lengths is investigated in detail, in particular, with respect to the associated leapover behavior. We also show numerically that our results apply with good accuracy to fractional Brownian motion, despite its non-Markovian nature.
Vacuum structure in 3D supersymmetric gauge theories

Based on a talk given at the Pomeranchuk memorial conference at ITEP in June 2013, we review the vacuum dynamics in 3d supersymmetric Yang–Mills–Chern–Simons theories with and without extra matter multiplets. By analyzing the effective Born–Oppenheimer Hamiltonian in a small spatial box, we calculate the number of vacuum states (Witten index) and examine their structure for these theories. The results are identical to those obtained by other methods.
When freeze-out precedes freeze-in: sub-TeV fermion triplet dark matter with radiative neutrino mass

We propose a minimal predictive scenario for dark matter and radiative neutrino mass where the relic abundance of dark matter is generated from a hybrid setup comprising of both thermal freeze-out as well as non-thermal freeze-in mechanisms. Considering three copies of fermion triplets and one scalar doublet, odd under an unbroken ℤ2 symmetry, to be responsible for radiative origin of neutrino mass, we consider the lightest fermion triplet as a dark matter candidate which remains under-abundant in the sub-TeV regime from usual thermal freeze-out. Late decay of the ℤ2-odd scalar doublet into dark matter serves as the non-thermal (freeze-in) contribution which not only fills the thermal dark matter deficit, but also constrains the mother particle's parameter space so that the correct relic abundance of dark matter is generated. Apart from showing interesting differences from the purely freeze-out and purely freeze-in dark matter scenarios, the model remains testable through disappearing charge track signatures at colliders, observable direct and indirect detection rates for dark matter and prediction of almost vanishing lightest neutrino mass.
Comparative study of BCS-BEC crossover theories above T{sub c}: The nature of the pseudogap in ultracold atomic Fermi gases

This article presents a comparison of two finite-temperature BCS-Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) crossover theories above the transition temperature: Nozieres-Schmitt-Rink (NSR) theory and finite-T extended BCS-Leggett theory. The comparison is cast in the form of numerical studies of the behavior of the fermionic spectral function both theoretically and as constrained by (primarily) radio frequency (rf) experiments. Both theories include pair fluctuations and exhibit pseudogap effects, although the nature of this pseudogap is very different. The pseudogap in finite-T extended BCS-Leggett theory is found to follow a BCS-like dispersion which, in turn, is associated with a broadened BCS-like self-energy, rather more similar to what is observed in high-temperature superconductors (albeit, for a d-wave case). The fermionic quasiparticle dispersion is different in NSR theory and the damping is considerably larger. We argue that the two theories are appropriate in different temperature regimes with the BCS-Leggett approach being more suitable nearer to condensation. There should, in effect, be little difference at higher T as the pseudogap becomes weaker and where the simplifying approximations used in the BCS-Leggett approach break down. On the basis of momentum-integrated rf studies of unpolarized gases, it would be difficult to distinguish which theory is the better one. A full comparisonmore » for polarized gases is not possible since it is claimed that there are inconsistencies in the NSR approach (not found in the BCS-Leggett scheme). Future experiments along the lines of momentum-resolved experiments look to be very promising in distinguishing the two theories. « less
Planck intermediate results. II. Comparison of Sunyaev-Zeldovich measurements from Planck and from the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager for 11 galaxy clusters

A comparison is presented of Sunyaev-Zeldovich measurements for 11 galaxy clusters as obtained by Planck and by the ground-based interferometer, the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager. Assuming a universal spherically-symmetric Generalised Navarro, Frenk and White (GNFW) model for the cluster gas pressure profile, we jointly constrain the integrated Compton-Y parameter (Y500) and the scale radius (θ500) of each cluster. Our resulting constraints in the Y500 − θ500 2D parameter space derived from the two instruments overlap significantly for eight of the clusters, although, overall, there is a tendency for AMI to find the Sunyaev-Zeldovich signal to be smaller in angular size and fainter than Planck. Significant discrepancies exist for the three remaining clusters in the sample, namely A1413, A1914, and the newly-discovered Planck cluster PLCKESZ G139.59+24.18. The robustness of the analysis of both the Planck and AMI data is demonstrated through the use of detailed simulations, which also discount confusion from residual point (radio) sources and from diffuse astrophysical foregrounds as possible explanations for the discrepancies found. For a subset of our cluster sample, we have investigated the dependence of our results on the assumed pressure profile by repeating the analysis adopting the best-fitting GNFW profile shape which best matches X-ray observations. Adopting the best-fitting profile shape from the X-ray data does not, in general, resolve the discrepancies found in this subset of five clusters. Though based on a small sample, our results suggest that the adopted GNFW model may not be sufficiently flexible to describe clusters universally.
Comparative evaluation of in vitro techniques for predicting metabolizable energy content of total mixed ration for Murrah buffaloes

The present study was conducted to ascertain the sensitivity of in vitro techniques namely, in vitro gas production (IVGPT) and Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) fraction for predicting the metabolizable energy (ME) content of total mixed ration for Murrah buffaloes. The total mixed ration forming dietary treatment were TMR1, TMR2 and TMR3 having mixture of maize silage and concentrate in ratio of 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50, respectively. The diets formulated were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. The in vitro gas production was studied by incubation of diet with rumen liquor as inoculum to predict the metabolizable energy content of ruminant feeds. The CNCPS fraction analysing ME content of feed samples was carried out in laboratory. Lactating Murrah buffaloes (n = 18) having similar lactation yield (MY 9 kg±2.5) were allotted to three groups in a completely randomised design and fed TMR as per the dietary treatments. The feeding trial was carried out for 3 months and nutrient utilization was analysed. The efficiency of ME utilization in vivo were compared to in vitro gas production and CNCPS fraction. Correlation coefficient (r) between in vitro techniques and in vivo trial in evaluating ME content demonstrated a significantly (P<0.01) high correlation of 0.734 with IVGPT and 0.752 with CNCPS fraction indicating that both in vitro techniques were reliable in predicting metabolizable energy content of feedstuffs for ruminant feeding.
The Sun. A typical star in the solar neighborhood?

Abstract The Sun is used as the fundamental standard in chemical abundance studies, thus it is important to know whether the solar abundance pattern is representative of the solar neighborhood. Albeit at low precision (0.05 – 0.10 dex) the Sun seems to be a typical solar-metallicity disk star, at high precision (0.01 dex) its abundance pattern seems abnormal when compared to solar twins. The Sun shows a deficiency of refractory elements that could be due to the formation of terrestrial planets. The formation of giant planets may also introduce a signature in the chemical composition of stars. We discuss both planet signatures and also the enhancement of neutron-capture elements in the solar twin 18 Sco.
Characterization and Performance of TiO2 Nanoparticles Prepared by Microwave in Different Mixtures of Water and Ethylene Glycol for the Food Dye E131 VF Degradation

In this research, TiO 2 NP were prepared by MW-R and conventional SG methods, using TTIP as Ti precursor, in the presence of different mixtures of distilled H 2 O and ETG (0 < H 2 O/ETG < 100%), as a solvent. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, Raman, FTIR, EDX/ SEM, N 2 physisorption, DLS and UV/visible DRS techniques. XRD and Raman analyses showed that Ant phase dominated, with traces of Rt or Brk phases, in some samples. According to K-M curves, TiO 2 calculated E G decreased with an increase in Rt phase percentage. PC performance of the prepared samples was tested on E131 VF. Kinetic evaluations showed that Rt percentage and surface area had a significant role in TiO 2 NP PC performance. E131 VF degradation high RC were obtained in an AU by 0% ETG SG (0.130 (AU)) and 0% ETG MW-R (0.113 (AU)), due to the high surface area and Rt absence. The samples (x% ETG) synthesized by the MW-R method showed low pore volume and PC performance that might have been be due to a blockage of the pores and screening effect of some combustion products or residual ETG, which carried UV irradiation to the catalyst surface.
Analysis of the Effectiveness of Removing Surface Defects by Brushing

The paper presents the results of a study on the effectiveness of removing surface defects by brushing. Damage to machine components usually begins on their surface or in the surface layer area. This determines the development of methods, conditions, and process parameters that will positively affect the stereometric and physical properties of the surface layer. Experiments were conducted in which surface defects were generated on a specially designed test stand. By controlling the load and speed of the defect generator it was possible to affect the geometry, depth, and width of the surface defect. A FEM simulation of the brushing treatment was carried out in order to determine the effect of fibers passing through a surface defect in the form of a groove with a small depth and width. It was shown that for certain conditions of brushing treatment, surface defects could be removed effectively. Moreover, the microhardness of the surface layer after the brushing process was analyzed. Changes in microhardness due to brushing reached up to 50 μm for EN AW-2024 aluminum alloy and up to 150 μm for AZ91HP magnesium alloy. The results demonstrated that brushing was an effective method for strengthening the surface layer and that the value of strengthening in the area of defects depended on the effectiveness of their removal.