Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The nuclear starburst in Arp 299-A: from the 5.0 GHz VLBI radio light-curves to its core-collapse supernova rate

Instituto de Astrof´isica de Andaluc´ia - CSIC, PO Box 3004,18008 Granada, SpainABSTRACTContext.The nuclear region of the Luminous Infra-red Galaxy Arp 299-A hosts a recent (≃ 10 Myr), intense burst of massive starformation which is expected to lead to numerous core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe). Previous VLBI observations, carried out withthe EVN at 5.0 GHz and with the VLBA at 2.3 and 8.4 GHz, resulted in the detection of a large number of compact, bright, non-thermal sources in a region <∼ 150 pc in size.Aims. We aim at establishing the nature of all non-thermal, compact components in Arp 299-A, as well as estimating its core-collapsesupernova rate. While the majority of them are expected to be young radio supernovae (RSNe) and supernova remnants (SNRs), adeﬁnitive classiﬁcation is still unclear. Yet, this is very relevant for eventually establishing the core-collapse supernova rate, as wellas the star formation rate, for this galaxy.Methods. We use multi-epoch European VLBI Network (EVN) observations taken at 5.0 GHz to image withmilliarcsecond resolutionthe compact radio sources in the nuclear region of Arp 299-A.We also use one single-epoch 5.0 GHz Multi-Element Radio LinkedInterferometer Network (MERLIN) observation to image the extended emission in which the compact radio sources –traced by ourEVN observations– are embedded.Results. We present the ﬁrst 5.0 GHz radio light-curve (spanning ∼2.5 yr) of all compact components in the nuclear starburst ofArp 299-A. Twenty-six compact sources are detected, 8 of them are new objects not previously detected. The properties of all detectedobjects are consistent with them being a mixed population of CCSNe and SNRs. We ﬁnd clear evidence for at least two new CCSN e,implying a lower limit to the CCSN rate of ν
Geometry of probability simplex via optimal transport

We study the Riemannian structures of the probability simplex on a weighted graph introduced by $L^2$-Wasserstein metric. The main idea is to embed the probability simplex as a submanifold of the positive orthant. From this embedding, we establish the geometry formulas of the probability simplex in Euclidean coordinates. The geometry computations on discrete simplex guide us to introduce the ones in the Fr{\'e}chet manifold of densities supported on a finite dimensional base manifold. Following the steps of Nelson, Bakery-{\'E}mery, Lott-Villani-Strum and the geometry of density manifold, we demonstrate an identity that connects the Bakery-{\'E}mery $\Gamma_2$ operator (carr{\'e} du champ it{\'e}r{\'e}) and Yano's formula on the base manifold. Several examples of differential equations in probability simplex are demonstrated.
The AdS/CFT correspondence

We give a brief review of the AdS/CFT correspondence, which posits the equivalence between a certain gravitational theory and a lower-dimensional non-gravitational one. This remarkable duality, formulated in 1997, has sparked a vigorous research program that has gained in breadth over the years, with applications to many aspects of theoretical (and even experimental) physics, not least to general relativity and quantum gravity. To put the AdS/CFT correspondence into historical context, we start by reviewing the relevant aspects of string theory (of which no prior knowledge is assumed). We then develop the statement of the correspondence, and explain how the two sides of the duality map into each other. Finally, we discuss the implications and applications of the correspondence, and indicate some of the current trends in this subject. The presentation attempts to convey the main concepts in a simple and self-contained manner, relegating supplementary remarks to footnotes.
Extending parallel programming education beyond the von Neumann architecture The design of a high-performance educational simulator aBCXsim for memristor crossbars

—Inspired by the lower energy-footprint of biological intelligence, traditional John von Neumann CPU and GPGPU high-performance computing is slowly being replaced by new parallel emerging computing architectures. Biological neurons are now known to be memristors, and hence, memristor-based neuromorphic computing is a particularly promising method for designing bio-inspired high-performance computational systems. There is currently no educational modeling and validation platform for exploring the design space of such memristive high-performance computing architectures. In this paper, we present the design of an educational high-performance software infrastructure that will facilitate the design of networks of memristor-based nanoscale crossbars as high-performance computational systems. The simulator will enable students to analyze their own problem-speciﬁc designs of mem-ristive systems, and train them in application-speciﬁc high-performance computing design.
On linear sections of the spinor tenfold. I

We discuss the geometry of transverse linear sections of the spinor tenfold , the connected component of the orthogonal Grassmannian of 5-dimensional isotropic subspaces in a 10-dimensional vector space endowed with a non-degenerate quadratic form. In particular, we show that if the dimension of a linear section of is at least 5, then its integral Chow motive is of Lefschetz type. We discuss the classification of smooth linear sections of of small codimension. In particular, we check that there is a unique isomorphism class of smooth hyperplane sections and exactly two isomorphism classes of smooth sections of codimension 2. Using this, we define a natural quadratic line complex associated with a linear section of . We also discuss the Hilbert schemes of linear spaces and quadrics on and its linear sections.
MODELING THE SURFACE X-RAY EMISSION AND VIEWING GEOMETRY OF PSR J0821−4300 IN PUPPIS A

We present a model for the unusual X-ray pulse profiles of PSR J0821−4300, the compact central object in supernova remnant Puppis A. We show that a pair of thermal, antipodal hot spots on the neutron star (NS) surface is able to fully account for the pulsar's double blackbody spectrum and energy-dependent pulse profile, including the observed 180° phase reversal at ≈1.2 keV. By comparing the recorded pulse modulation and phase to the model predictions, we strongly constrain the hot-spot pole (ξ) and the line-of-sight (ψ) angles with respect to the spin axis. For a nominal radius of R = 12 km and distance D = 2.2 kpc, we find (ξ, ψ) = (86°, 6°), with 1σ error ellipse of (2°, 1°); this solution is degenerate in the two angles. The best-fit spectral model for this geometry requires that the temperatures of the two emission spots differ by a factor of 2 and their areas by a factor of ∼20. Including a cosine-beamed pattern for the emitted intensity modifies the result, decreasing the angles to (84°, 3°); however this model is not statistically distinguishable from the isotropic emission case. We also present a new upper limit on the period derivative of (2σ), which limits the global dipole magnetic field to Bs < 2.0 × 1011 G, confirming PSR J0821−4300 as an “anti-magnetar. ” We discuss the results in the context of observations and theories of nonuniform surface temperature on isolated NSs of both weak and strong magnetic field. To explain the nonuniform temperature of PSR J0821−4300 may require a crustal field that is much stronger than the external, global dipole field.
Untranslatability of texts: equivalence and cultural perspectives

Translation has become an utmost necessity or the educational, scientific, technological, social economic and political developments at the global level for maintaining international and mutual cordiality. Translation plays a crucial role in initiating and promoting cross-cultural communication and brining closer divergent socio-cultural groups by enabling mutual appreciation of their cultures. However, the development of theories on the nature of language and communication provided a growing medium for the analysis of the possibility or impossibility of elaborating concepts in a language different from that in which they were conceived. Some theorists accepted the existence of incompatibilities between languages but did not deny the concept; alternative forms of translation to a literal decoding-recoding process were called for. While some scholars, however do not adhere to the theory of universal translatability. Thus, this paper examines the notion of untranslatability with special reference to equivalence and cultural perspectives. This paper utilizes the method of qualitative analysis. That is, data for the study were sourced from secondary sources and collected from documentations through published and unpublished books, journal articles among others, and were content analyzed in relation to the scope of the paper.
Adaptive Finite Element Thin-Plate Spline With Diﬀerent Data Distributions

The finite element thin‚plate spline fits large scattered data efficiently while retaining the smoothing properties of the thin plate‚spline. Its computational cost is reduced by adaptive refinement that only refines sensitive regions identified by an error indicator. Several traditional error indicators of the finite element method were adapted for the finite element thin‚plate spline and their performance has been evaluated using a large number of uniformly distributed data. In this article, we build on that work to examine three new data distribution patterns, which are the uniform distribution with missing data, random distribution and random normal distribution. A numerical experiment is conducted to assess the performance of the finite element thin‚plate spline and three error indicators with these four data distribution patterns.
Twistor Strings for N=8 Supergravity

This paper presents a worldsheet theory describing holomorphic maps to twistor space with N fermionic directions. The theory is anomaly free when N=8. Via the Penrose transform, the vertex operators correspond to an N=8 Einstein supergravity multiplet. In the first instance, the theory describes gauged supergravity in AdS_4. Upon taking the flat space, ungauged limit, the complete classical S-matrix is recovered from worldsheet correlation functions.
Chained Dual-GAN: A Generalized Defense against Adversarial Attacks

Neural networks play a signiﬁcant role in the ﬁeld of image classiﬁcation. When an input image is modiﬁed by adversarial attacks, the changes are imperceptible to the human eye, but it still leads to misclassiﬁcation of the images. In this paper, we create a new approach to defend against adversarial attacks, dubbed Chained Dual-GAN (CD-GAN) that tackles the defense against adversarial attacks by minimizing the perturbations of the adversarial image using iterative undersampling and oversampling.
Research on Target Detection Algorithm and Tracking Algorithm based on Artificial Intelligence Technology and Machine Vision Recognition

: With the support of computer technology, modern science and technology can liberate labor force, promote production efficiency and improve production quality. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and has been applied in many fields. The development of emerging technologies promotes the continuous innovation of artificial intelligence technology, and artificial intelligence identification technology is a branch of artificial intelligence technology. It can solve the problem conveniently. existing in traditional intelligent technology in financial payment, code scanning and other fields, and facilitate people's work and life. Intelligent transportation system, automatic aiming and precise guidance in military affairs, etc. have begun to be applied, and they also show broad application prospects in agriculture and industry. The main purpose of visual tracking is to predict the position, scale, motion state and other information of the target in the subsequent video sequence according to the given initial target information. Combined with artificial intelligence technology, visual tracking algorithm has made a series of progress. The proposed algorithm has high success rate and accuracy, and has good tracking performance in complex scenes such as target rotation, deformation and background interference.
Surviving Ourselves When the Climate Changes

Image: The World Health Organization estimates that air pollution causes 7 million premature deaths every year. Bulgaria, where this photo was taken, has the highest rate of these deaths in Europe. From heat waves in Greenland to flooding in Kenya, the climate is changing. As temperatures increase, ice caps melt, oceans get warmer, sea levels rise, precipitation patterns change, and climate-related disasters pile up, humans’ physical and mental health is endangered, too. Addressing Climate Change and Its Psychological, Ethical, and Socioeconomic Challenges A panel discussion on this topic will be held during the 2021 APS Virtual Convention, May 26–27, 2021. Find details and registration here.
Semisimple quantum cohomology of some Fano varieties

We give sufficient conditions for the semisimplicity of quantum cohomology of Fano varieties of Picard rank 1. We apply these techniques to prove new semisimplicity results for some Fano varieties of Picard rank 1 and large index. We also give examples of Fano varieties having a non semisimple small quantum cohomology but a semisimple big quantum cohomology.
Car Localization in Aerial Images Taken from Quadcopter

 Abstract — Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are popular research platforms that find increasing amount of applications in many areas, such as military, civil, commercial, and entertainment due to their high maneuverability, vertical take-off and landing abilities, and suitability for use in indoor and outdoor spaces. Today, small, and single board computers with very high CPU/processor capacities are developed, and by means of these processors, which will be inserted into unmanned aerial vehicle platforms, many real-time machine vision applications became possible. This study discusses the problem of car localization in aerial images taken from unmanned aerial vehicles. Within this context, a new dataset was created by using quadcopter-type unmanned aerial vehicles and various cameras. Both Polyhedral Conic Classifier and You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm, which is currently one of the fastest methods in literature, and uses deep learning architecture, were used to locate the cars in collected images, and the results were compared .
F-singularities via alterations

We give characterizations of test ideals and $F$-rational singularities via (regular) alterations. Formally, the descriptions are analogous to standard characterizations of multiplier ideals and rational singularities in characteristic zero via log resolutions. Lastly, we establish Nadel-type vanishing theorems (up to finite maps) for test ideals, and further demonstrate how these vanishing theorems may be used to extend sections.
CAR flows on type III factors and its extendability

In this paper using one of the necessary conditions obtained for extendability in [BISSar], we prove that the CAR flows ([Amo01]) on type III factors arising from most quasi-free states are not extendable. As a consequence we find the super product system of CAR flows. We know from [Arv03] that CCR flows and CAR flows on type I factors with the same Arveson index are cocycle conjugate. But our result together with [BISSar] will show that CCR flows and CAR flows on type III factors are not cocycle conjugate.
On bi-Hamiltonian formulation of the perturbed Kepler problem

The perturbed Kepler problem is shown to be a bi-Hamiltonian system in spite of the fact that the graph of the Hamilton function is not a hypersurface of translation, which goes against a necessary condition for the existence of the bi-Hamiltonian structure according to the Fernandes theorem. In fact, the initial and perturbed Kepler systems are both isochronous systems and, therefore, the Fernandes theorem cannot be applied to them.
On the parameter space of B\"or\"oczky configurations

Böröczky configurations of lines have been recently considered in connection with the problem of the containment between symbolic and ordinary powers of ideals. Here we describe parameter families of Böröczky configurations of 13, 14, 16, 18 and 24 lines and investigate rational points of these parameter spaces.
A modified WKB formulation for linear eigenmodes of a collisionless self-gravitating disc in the epicyclic approximation

The short-wave asymptotics (WKB) of spiral density waves in self-gravitating stellar discs is well suited for the study of the dynamics of tightly-wound wavepackets. But the textbook WKB theory is not well adapted to the study of the linear eigenmodes in a collisionless self-gravitating disc because of the transcendental nature of the dispersion relation. We present a modified WKB theory of spiral density waves, for collisionless discs in the epicyclic limit, in which the perturbed gravitational potential is related to the perturbed surface density by the Poisson integral in Kalnaj's logarithmic spiral form. An integral equation is obtained for the surface density perturbation, which is seen to also reduce to the standard WKB dispersion relation. Although our formulation is general and applies to all discs, we present our analysis only for nearly Keplerian, low-mass, self-gravitating discs revolving around massive central objects, and derive an integral equation governing the slow precessional modes of such discs. For a prograde disc, the integral kernel turns out be real and symmetric, implying that all slow modes are stable. We apply the slow mode integral equation to two unperturbed disc profiles, the Jalali-Tremaine annular discs, and the Kuzmin disc. We determine eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for both m = 1 and m = 2 slow modes for these profiles and discuss their properties. Our results compare well with those of Jalali-Tremaine.
Regularity of fixed-point vertex operator subalgebras

We show that if $T$ is a simple non-negatively graded regular vertex operator algebra with a nonsingular invariant bilinear form and $\sigma$ is a finite order automorphism of $T$, then the fixed-point vertex operator subalgebra $T^\sigma$ is also regular. This yields regularity for fixed point vertex operator subalgebras under the action of any finite solvable group. As an application, we obtain an $SL_2(\mathbb{Z})$-compatibility between twisted twining characters for commuting finite order automorphisms of holomorphic vertex operator algebras. This resolves one of the principal claims in the Generalized Moonshine conjecture.
Component-by-component construction of shifted Halton sequences

We study quasi-Monte Carlo integration in a weighted anchored Sobolev space. As the underlying integration nodes we consider Halton sequences in prime bases $\boldsymbol{p}=(p_1,\ldots,p_s)$ which are shifted with a $\boldsymbol{p}$-adic shift based on $\boldsymbol{p}$-adic arithmetic. The error is studied in the worst-case setting. In a recent paper, Hellekalek together with the authors of this article proved optimal error bounds in the root mean square sense, where the mean was extended over the uncountable set of all possible $\boldsymbol{p}$-adic shifts. Here we show that candidates for good shifts can in fact be chosen from a finite set and can be found by a component-by-component algorithm.
Central limit theorems for $U$-statistics of Poisson point processes

A $U$-statistic of a Poisson point process is defined as the sum $\sum f(x_1,\ldots,x_k)$ over all (possibly infinitely many) $k$-tuples of distinct points of the point process. Using the Malliavin calculus, the Wiener-It\^{o} chaos expansion of such a functional is computed and used to derive a formula for the variance. Central limit theorems for $U$-statistics of Poisson point processes are shown, with explicit bounds for the Wasserstein distance to a Gaussian random variable. As applications, the intersection process of Poisson hyperplanes and the length of a random geometric graph are investigated.
PROBING THE STRUCTURE AND KINEMATICS OF THE TRANSITION LAYER BETWEEN THE MAGELLANIC STREAM AND THE HALO IN H i

The Magellanic Stream (MS) is a nearby laboratory for studying the fate of cool gas streams injected into a gaseous galactic halo. We investigate properties of the boundary layer between the cool MS gas and the hot Milky Way halo with 21 cm H i observations of a relatively isolated cloud having circular projection in the northern MS. Through averaging and modeling techniques, our observations, obtained with the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope, reach unprecedented 3σ sensitivity of ∼1 × 1017 cm−2, while retaining the telescope's 9. ′1 resolution in the essential radial dimension. We find an envelope of diffuse neutral gas with FWHM of 60 km s−1, associated in velocity with the cloud core having FWHM of 20 km s−1, extending to 3.5 times the core radius with a neutral mass seven times that of the core. We show that the envelope is too extended to represent a conduction-dominated layer between the core and the halo. Its observed properties are better explained by a turbulent mixing layer driven by hydrodynamic instabilities. The fortuitous alignment of the NGC 7469 background source near the cloud center allows us to combine UV absorption and H i emission data to determine a core temperature of 8350 ± 350 K. We show that the H i column density and size of the core can be reproduced when a slightly larger cloud is exposed to Galactic and extragalactic background ionizing radiation. Cooling in the large diffuse turbulent mixing layer envelope extends the cloud lifetime by at least a factor of two relative to a simple hydrodynamic ablation case, suggesting that the cloud is likely to reach the Milky Way disk.
Finite time blowup of the stochastic shadow Gierer-Meinhardt System

By choosing some special (random) initial data, we prove that with probability 1, stochastic shadow Gierer-Meinhardt system blows up in finite time in the pointwise sense. We also give a (random) upper bound for the blowup time and some estimates about this bound. By increasing the amplitude of initial data, we can get a blowup in any short time with a positive probability.
Zelevinsky's involution at roots of unity

We give a combinatorial algorithm for computing Zelevinsky's involution of the set of isomorphism classes of irreducible representations of the affine Hecke algebra $\H_m(t)$ when $t$ is a primitive $n$th root of 1. We show that the same map can also be interpreted in terms of aperiodic nilpotent orbits of $\Zb/n\Zb$-graded vector spaces.
On Spaces with the Maximal Number of Conformal Killing Vectors

It is natural to expect and simple to prove that every conformally flat space possess the maximal number of conformal Killing vector fields (CKVs). On the other hand, it is interesting to ask whether the converse is true. Is conformal flatness a necessary condition for the existence of the maximal number of CKVs? In this review article it is proven that the answer is yes, a space admits the maximal number of CKVs if, and only if, it is conformally flat.