Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polar bulges and polar nuclear discs: the case of NGC 4698

The early-type spiral NGC 4698 is known to host a nuclear disc of gas and stars which is rotating perpendicularly with respect to the galaxy main disc. In addition, the bulge and main disc are characterized by a remarkable geometrical decoupling. Indeed, they appear elongated orthogonally to each other. In this work, the complex structure of the galaxy is investigated by a detailed photometric decomposition of optical and near-infrared images. The intrinsic shape of the bulge was constrained from its apparent ellipticity, its twist angle with respect to the major axis of the main disc and the inclination of the main disc. The bulge is actually elongated perpendicular to the main disc and it is equally likely to be triaxial or axisymmetric. The central surface brightness, scalelength, inclination and position angle of the nuclear disc were derived by assuming that it is infinitesimally thin and exponential. Its size, orientation and location do not depend on the observed passband. These findings support a scenario in which the nuclear disc is the end result of the acquisition of external gas by the pre-existing triaxial bulge on the principal plane perpendicular to its shortest axis and perpendicular to the galaxy main disc. The subsequent star formation either occurred homogeneously all over the extension of the nuclear disc or through an inside-out process that ended more than 5 Gyr ago.
Transits and Occultations

When we are fortunate enough to view an exoplanetary system nearly edge-on, the star and planet periodically eclipse each other. Observations of eclipses (transits and occultations) provide a bonanza of information that cannot be obtained from radial-velocity data alone, such as the relative dimensions of the planet and its host star, as well as the orientation of the planet's orbit relative to the sky plane and relative to the stellar rotation axis. The wavelength-dependence of the eclipse signal gives clues about the the temperature and composition of the planetary atmosphere. Anomalies in the timing or other properties of the eclipses may betray the presence of additional planets or moons. Searching for eclipses is also a productive means of discovering new planets. This chapter reviews the basic geometry and physics of eclipses, and summarizes the knowledge that has been gained through eclipse observations, as well as the information that might be gained in the future.
CTIO, ROSAT HRI, and Chandra ACIS Observations of the Archetypical Mixed-morphology Supernova Remnant W28 (G6.4–0.1)

We present a joint analysis of optical emission-line and X-ray observations of the archetypical Galactic mixed-morphology supernova remnant (MMSNR) W28 (G6.4–0.1). MMSNRs comprise a class of sources whose shell-like radio morphology contrasts with a filled center in X-rays; the origin of these contrasting morphologies remains uncertain. Our CTIO images reveal enhanced [S ii] emission relative to Hα along the northern and eastern rims of W28. Hydroxyl (OH) masers are detected along these same rims, supporting prior studies suggesting that W28 is interacting with molecular clouds at these locations, as observed for several other MMSNRs. Our ROSAT HRI mosaic of W28 provides almost complete coverage of the supernova remnant (SNR). The X-ray and radio emission is generally anti-correlated, except for the luminous northeastern rim, which is prominent in both bands. Our Chandra observation sampled the X-ray-luminous central diffuse emission. Spectra extracted from the bright central peak and from nearby annular regions are best fit with two overionized recombining plasma models. We also find that while the X-ray emission from the central peak is dominated by swept-up material, that from the surrounding regions shows evidence for oxygen-rich ejecta, suggesting that W28 was produced by a massive progenitor. We also analyze the X-ray properties of two X-ray sources (CXOU J175857.55−233400.3 and 3XMM J180058.5–232735) projected into the interior of W28 and conclude that neither is a neutron star associated with the SNR. The former is likely to be a foreground cataclysmic variable or a quiescent low-mass X-ray-binary, while the latter is likely to be a coronally active main-sequence star.
A comprehensive study of maternal near-miss and maternal mortality at a rural tertiary care centre in north India

Proper monitoring of maternal near miss as proposed by World Health Organisation provides a good opportunity for checking the quality of obstetric care and forming new strategies for the improvement of maternal health across the globe. The objective of present study was to assess and analyse the incidence of Maternal Near Miss and maternal mortality by using evaluation criteria of World Health Organisation. The present study was prospective observational study conducted at SHKM Government Medical College, Nalhar (Mewat), Haryana from the time period of January 2019 to December 2020. The study population included all the pregnant females who fulfilled the World Health Organisation criteria of maternal near miss were enrolled; their clinical and investigation parameters were recorded. In the present study, a total 7691 obstetric cases were admitted and 7219 were live births. The Maternal Near Miss cases were 292, and 48 were maternal deaths. Majority of patients were post natal and underwent vaginal delivery. The leading cause of near miss in current study was Post Partum Hemorrhage, followed by severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. Maternal Near Miss and Maternal Death cases have common pathology with a different outcome. So, monitoring a larger volume of Maternal Near Miss cases helps in identifying the causes of maternal adverse events and finding out the gaps in the management more effectively than auditing only the maternal deaths. This approach helps to overcome this issue and ultimately lead to an improved health system, thus decreasing maternal mortality rate.
State-ofthe-art piezoelectric transformer-based switch mode power supplies

Inductorless switch mode power supplies based on piezoelectric transformers are used to replace conventional transformers in high power density switch mode power supplies. Even though piezoelectric-based converters exhibit a high degree of nonlinearity, it is desirable to use piezoelectric transformers due to their smaller size, lighter weight, lower electromagnetic interference, higher power density, higher efficiency, and lower cost. Moreover, PTs allow converters to operate in high switching frequencies and by obtaining soft switching condition, switching losses will decrease. This paper discusses power supplies with the trend evaluation of piezoelectric transformer-based converter topologies and control methods. The challenges of piezoelectric transformers regarding soft switching capability and nonlinearity are addressed. This paper can be used as a guideline for choosing a proper topology of piezoelectric-based switch mode power supply and a control method for the required application. Keywords—Piezoelectric transformer; Half-bridge topology; Bi-directional control method; Zero voltage switching
Field-dependent surface impedance tensor in amorphous wires with two types of magnetic anisotropy: helical and circumferential

This paper concerns the theoretical and experimental investigation of the magneto-impedance (MI) effect in amorphous wires in terms of the surface impedance tensor Ϛˆ . Physical concepts of MI and problems of significant practical importance are discussed using the results obtained. The theoretical analysis is based on employing the asymptotic-series expansion method of solving the Maxwell equations for a ferromagnetic wire with an ac permeability tensor of a general form associated with magnetisation rotation. The magnetic structure-dependent impedance tensor Ϛˆ is calculated for any frequency and external magnetic field, and is not restricted to the case when only strong skin-effect is present. This approach allows us to develop a rigorous quantitative analysis of MI characteristics in wires, depending on the type of magnetic anisotropy, the magnitude of dc bias current, and an excitation method. The theoretical model has been tested by comparing the obtained results with experiment. For the sake of an adequate comparison, the full tensor Ϛˆ is measured in CoFeSiB and CoSiB amorphous wires having a circumferentia l and helical anisotropy, respectively, by determining the 21 S parameter. In cases, when the rotational dynamics is responsible for the impedance behaviour, there is a reasonable agreement between the experimental and theoretical results. Such effects as the ac biased asymmetrical MI in wires with a circumferential anisotropy, the transformation in MI behaviour caused by a dc current (from that having a symmetric hysteresis to an asymmetric anhysteretic one) in wires with a helical anisotropy are discussed.
Effects of a revised 7Be e−-capture rate on solar neutrino fluxes

Context. Electron-capture on 7Be is the main production channel for 7Li in several astrophysical environments. Theoretical evaluations have to account for not only the nuclear interaction, but also the processes in the plasma in which 7Be ions and electrons interact. In recent decades several estimates were presented, pointing out that the theoretical uncertainty in the rate is in general of a few percent. Aims. In the framework of fundamental solar physics, we consider a recent evaluation for the 7Be+e− rate, which has not been used up to now, in the estimate of neutrino fluxes. Methods. We analyzed the effects of the new assumptions on standard solar models (SSMs) and compared the results obtained by adopting the revised 7Be+e− rate to those obtained by that reported in a widely used compilation of reaction rates (ADE11). Results. We found that new SSMs yield a maximum difference in the efficiency of the 7Be channel of about −4% with respect to what is obtained with the previously adopted rate. This fact affects the production of neutrinos from 8B, increasing the relative flux up to a maximum of 2.7%. Negligible variations are found for the physical and chemical properties of the computed solar models. Conclusions. The agreement with the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory measurements of the neutral current component of the 8B neutrino flux is improved.
Design of electrical impedance spectroscopy sensing surgical drill using computational modelling and experimental validation

Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) sensing surgical instruments could provide valuable and real-time feedback to surgeons about hidden tissue boundaries, therefore reducing the risk of iatrogenic injuries. In this paper, we present an EIS sensing surgical drill as an example instrument and introduce a strategy to optimize the mono-polar electrode geometry using a finite element method (FEM)-based computational model and experimental validation. An empirical contact impedance model and an adaptive mesh refinement protocol were developed to accurately preserve the behaviour of sensing electrodes as they approach high impedance boundaries. Specifically, experiments with drill-bit, cylinder, and conical geometries suggested a 15%–35% increase in resistance as the sensing electrode approached a high impedance boundary. Simulations achieved a maximum mean experiment-to-simulation mismatch of +1.7% for the drill-bit and +/−11% range for other electrode geometries. The simulations preserved the increase in resistance behaviour near the high impedance boundary. This highly accurate simulation framework allows us a mechanism for optimizing sensor geometry without costly experimental evaluation.
Role of nanostructured lipid carriers in the expression alterations of ATP-binding cassette transporter genes in fluconazole-resistant Candida glabrata

Introduction: This study was proposed to assess the potential role of efflux transporters in reversing fluconazole resistance in Candida glabrata isolates treated with fluconazole loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (FLZ-NLCs). Methods: The ultrasound technique was used to synthesize the FLZ-NLCs. Four fluconazole-resistant, as well as one susceptible standard C. glabrata isolates, were applied and exposed to FLZ/ FLZ-NLCs for 20 h at 37°C. Real-time PCRs were done to estimate the likely changes in ATP-binding cassette transporter genes. Results: Similar to the FLZ-exposed-susceptible standard strain which showed no alteration, the genes were not up-regulated significantly under the FLZ-NLCs treated condition. While they were over-expressed when the yeasts were treated with fluconazole. Conclusion: It is highly suggested that due to the nature of the NLCs which shields the whole conformation of the drug, FLZ is not recognized by the efflux transporter subunits and consequently the translocation would not happen.
Physical Properties of Galactic RV Tauri Stars from Gaia DR2 Data

We present the first period–luminosity and period–radius relation of Galactic RV Tauri variable stars. We have surveyed the literature for all variable stars belonging to this class and compiled the full set of their photometric and spectroscopic measurements. We crossmatched the final list of stars with the Gaia Data Release 2 database and took the parallaxes, G-band magnitudes, and effective temperatures to calculate the distances, luminosities, and radii using a probabilistic approach. As it turned out, the sample was very contaminated, and thus we restricted our study to those objects for which the RV Tau nature was securely confirmed. We found that several stars are located outside the red edge of the classical instability strip, which implies a wider pulsational region for RV Tau stars. The period–luminosity relation of galactic RV Tauri stars is steeper than that of the shorter-period Type II Cepheids, in agreement with previous results obtained for the Magellanic Clouds and globular clusters. The median masses of RVa and RVb stars were calculated to be 0.45–0.52 M⊙ and 0.83 M⊙, respectively.
Interfacial and electronic properties of heterostructures of MXene and graphene

MXene-based heterostructures have received considerable interest owing to their unique properties. Herein, we examine various heterostructures of the prototypical MXene $\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{i}}_{3}{C}_{2}{T}_{2}$ ($T=\mathrm{O}$, OH, F; terminal groups) and graphene using density-functional theory. We find that the adhesion energy, charge transfer, and band structure of these heterostructures are sensitive not only to the surface functional group, but also to the stacking order. Due to its greatest difference in work function with graphene, $\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{i}}_{3}{\mathrm{C}}_{2}{(\mathrm{OH})}_{2}$ has the strongest interaction with graphene, followed by ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{3}{\mathrm{C}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ and then ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{3}{\mathrm{C}}_{2}{\mathrm{F}}_{2}$. Electron transfers from $\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{i}}_{3}{\mathrm{C}}_{2}{(\mathrm{OH})}_{2}$ to graphene but from graphene to ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{3}{\mathrm{C}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{3}{\mathrm{C}}_{2}{\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, which causes a shift in the Dirac point of the graphene bands in the heterostructures of monolayer graphene and monolayer MXene. In the heterostructures of bilayer graphene and monolayer MXene, the interface breaks the symmetry of the bilayer graphene; in the case of the AB-stacking bilayer, the electron transfer leads to an interfacial electric field that opens up a gap in the graphene bands at the $K$ point. This internal polarization strengthens both the interfacial adhesion and the cohesion between the two graphene layers. The MXene-graphene-MXene and graphene-MXene-graphene sandwich structures behave as two mirror-symmetric MXene-graphene interfaces. Our first-principles studies provide a comprehensive understanding for the interaction between a typical MXene and graphene.
Fermionic stochastic Schrödinger equation and master equation: An open-system model

This paper considers the extension of the non-Markovian stochastic approach for quantum open systems strongly coupled to a fermionic bath to the models in which the system operators commute with the fermionic bath. This technique can also be a useful tool for studying open quantum systems coupled to a spin-chain environment, which can be further transformed into an effective fermionic bath. We derive an exact stochastic Schr\"odinger equation (SSE), called the fermionic quantum state diffusion (QSD) equation, from the first principle by using the fermionic coherent state representation. The reduced density operator for the open system can be recovered from the stochastic average of the solutions to the QSD equation over the Grassmann-type noise. By employing the exact fermionic QSD equation, we can derive the corresponding exact master equation. The power of our approach is illustrated by the applications of our stochastic approach to several models of interest including the one-qubit dissipative model, the coupled two-qubit dissipative model, the quantum Brownian motion model, and the $N$-fermion model coupled to a fermionic bath. Different effects caused by the fermionic and bosonic baths on the dynamics of open systems are also discussed.
Can we always get the entanglement entropy from the Kadanoff-Baym equations? The case of the T-matrix approximation

We study the time-dependent transmission of entanglement entropy through an out-of-equilibrium model interacting device in a quantum transport set-up. The dynamics is performed via the Kadanoff-Baym equations within many-body perturbation theory. The double occupancy , needed to determine the entanglement entropy, is obtained from the equations of motion of the single-particle Green's function. A remarkable result of our calculations is that can become negative, thus not permitting to evaluate the entanglement entropy. This is a shortcoming of approximate, and yet conserving, many-body self-energies. Among the tested perturbation schemes, the T-matrix approximation stands out for two reasons: it compares well to exact results in the low-density regime and it always provides a non-negative . For the second part of this statement, we give an analytical proof. Finally, the transmission of entanglement across the device is diminished by interactions but can be amplified by a current flowing through the system.
UGC 4599: a photometric study of the nearest Hoag-type ring galaxy

We present a photometric study of UGC 4599, a low-luminosity galaxy superficially resembling Hoag's Object in that on sky survey images it appears to be a complete ring surrounding a roundish core. The nature of the outer ring of Hoag-type galaxies is still debated and may be related either to slow secular evolution or to environmental processes, such as galaxy–galaxy interactions. As the nearest of its kind, UGC 4599 is a perfect target for a detailed study of the peculiar structure of this type of objects. Surface photometry of the central body of the ring and the ring itself was performed using GALEX, Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) photometric data available online. To identify bright clumps across the ring that could be H ii regions associated with the ring we obtained images of UGC 4599 at the Wise Observatory through U-, B- and R-band and narrow-band rest-frame Hα filters. Although classified in HyperLEDA as S0 with an external ring, we show that in UGC 4599 (a) the nearly round central body follows well an light profile almost all the way to the centre, (b) the isophotes are strongly twisted with a sharp 45° transition at a radius of r≃ 6 arcsec, (c) the blue ring seems to have reached near-equilibrium configuration with the central body, (d) the ring is actually composed of a one-and-a-half turn spiral feature and (e) one side of the spiral shows conspicuous star formation in the form of at least nine H ii regions, revealed by their Hα emission. Based on the photometric data, together with H i information from the literature, we characterize UGC 4599 as an elliptical-like object surrounded by a luminous ring and a massive, extremely extended H i disc. Given its observed properties, we rule out UGC 4599 as representing a late phase in barred early-type galaxies evolution. We discuss the origin of UGC 4599 and conclude that this galaxy could be the result of a major interaction between two gas-rich spiral galaxies that took place at least 5 Gyr ago. However, deep optical imaging and a detailed stellar population analysis are required to determine whether the large gas reservoir could have been accreted directly from the intergalactic medium on to a pre-existing elliptical galaxy in the early Universe. A detailed kinematical study will shed light on the exact nature of the central body and the ring of UGC 4599.
A Multiobjective Intelligent Decision-Making Method for Multistage Placement of PMU in Power Grid Enterprises

The wide area measurement system (WAMS) based on synchronous phasor measurement technology plays an increasingly important role in dynamic monitoring and wide area protection of modern power systems. If the phasor measurement unit (PMU) is placed on all buses of the power system, the voltage and branch current of all buses can be directly observed. However, due to the high placement cost of PMU and its ability to measure the voltage phasor of the installed bus and the current of the associated branch, it is unrealistic and unnecessary to install PMU on all buses of the system. This article discusses the incomplete observability under single PMU loss (N-1) contingencies and its effect on PMUs placement. An improved two-archive algorithm is proposed to solve the five-objective placement optimization model. In addition, a fuzzy decision-making method combining subjective and objective is proposed to help power grid enterprises select the most appropriate solution. The proposed method is tested on several IEEE bus systems and Polish 2383-bus system, and the test results verify its effectiveness.
Prediction of Cardiac Toxicity by Measurement of Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring Method Using Chest Computed Tomography in Early Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Trastuzumab

Background: In human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive early stage breast cancer, prediction of trastuzumab-related cardiac toxicity remains a challenge. The coronary calcium artery (CAC) reflects the total coronary plaque burden, which predicts the risk of atherosclerosis. We investigated the prediction of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decline in breast cancer according to CAC scores. Methods: A total of 347 patients were enrolled from Seoul St Mary’s Hospital between January 2010 and December 2019. Chest computed tomography (CT) was performed at a single tertiary center. Patients who received trastuzumab for HER2-positive early breast cancer were included in this study. Results: Of the 347 patients, 312 and 35 had CAC scores of 0 and ≥1, respectively. The CAC ≥1 group was associated with older age, body mass index, and receipt of left breast irradiation. The CAC ≥1 group was significantly associated with LVEF decline (absolute value, ≤50%) (hazard ratio [HR] 12.038, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.845–50.937, p = 0.001), LVEF decline (absolute value, ≤55%) (HR 4.439, 95% CI: 1.787–11.028, p = 0.001), and decline in LVEF of ≥10% points compared with baseline echography (HR 5.083, 95% CI: 1.658–15.582, p = 0.004). Even after adjusting for other clinical factors, CAC ≥1 remained a significant predictor of decreased LVEF. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the CAC score is a significant predictor of cardiac toxicity following trastuzumab treatment in HER2-positive breast cancer. Therefore, CAC measurement could reduce cardiac toxicity by distinguishing patients at high risk for trastuzumab.