Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy Efficient Computing With High-Density, Field-Free STT-Assisted SOT-MRAM (SAS-MRAM)

Energy efficient computing hardware has played an instrumental role in enabling novel abundant data applications and transformative new user experiences. As we look forward, many emerging nonvolatile memory technologies have been proposed to further improve the energy efficiency of tomorrow’s computing systems. Spin–orbit torque magnetoresistive random access memory (SOT-MRAM) and its variants are one class of emerging nonvolatile memory technology, which promises static random access memory (SRAM)-like performance at a higher bit-cell density. In this article, we discuss high-density, field-free spin-transfer torque (STT)-assisted SOT-MRAM (SAS-MRAM) as an emerging nonvolatile memory technology, which could drastically improve the energy efficiency of future computing systems. Such benefits are enabled by sharing the SOT line between one or many magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), thereby amortizing the areal and energy costs of the SOT drive transistor across multiple bits.
On the planar motion mechanism used in ship model testing

In the linear theory of small departures from steady reference motions of submarines and ships it is standard practice to employ the idea of hydrodynamic ‘derivatives’. These derivatives permit the magnitudes of fluid forces and moments to be specified. In recent years it has become common to measure the derivatives by means of a - planar motion mechanism ’ which is essentially a device for oscillating a ship (or submarine) model while it is being towed in a testing tank. The derivatives referred to in the maritime literature have invariably been * slow motion derivatives ’. The theory of the planar motion technique is recast in terms of ‘ oscillatory derivatives ’—or, better. ‘ oscillatory coefficients ’, since they are more appropriate for use where the mechanism is concerned. The idea behind these quantities is borrowed from aeronautical practice, but it requires some adaptation because (a) ship models work at the water surface, and (b) ships and submarines are subject to significant buoyancy forces. There can be little doubt that the planar motion mechanism is a powerful tool and a reappraisal is perhaps timely since the first mechanism of this sort to be installed in the U.K. has recently been commissioned (1968).
Extraction and partial characterization of exopolysaccharides and pigments from cyanobacterium Oscillatoria pseudogeminata G.Schmid

Cyanobacterial pigments such as chlorophyll, carotenoids and phycobiliproteins are considered as ecofriendly natural colourants used in food and food additives as they have nutraceutical value, non-toxic and non-carcinogenic. The present study focused on extraction, partial characterization of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), phycocyanin and mycosporin like amino acid (MAA) from a freshwater cyanobacterium Oscillatoria pseudogeminata G.Schmid. The purified isolate of O. pseudogeminata was deposited and maintained in the NRMC-F, Bharathidasan University. The EPS was extracted with the help of double volume of ice-cold acetone and confirmed by UV (260 and 280 nm), FTIR and XRD analyses. Phycocyanin and MAA were also extracted from O. pseudogeminata biomass using double distilled water. The UV-Vis Spectrophotometric results revealed that 520 and 230 nm peaks represent phycocyanin and MAA, respectively. Further, the process of scaling-up the biomass and increase the productivity of EPS, Phycocyanin and MAA from Oscillatoria pseudogeminata is under raceway pond system, already initialed in our laboratory.
The Importance of the Makuleke Wetlands Ramsar Site as an Important Breeding Locality for Yellow-billed Stork Mycteria ibis

The Yellow-billed Stork Mycteria ibis is considered an Endangered Species in South Africa, with only one regular breeding locality present, situated at the Nsumo Pan in the iSimangaliso Park (Mkhuze section) in the KwaZulu-Natal Province. During the 2017 and 2021 seasons, two separate breeding colonies of this stork were studied within the Makuleke Wetlands Ramsar Site (Site No. 1687), within the Greater Kruger National Park, which appears to be unrecorded as a breeding locality for this species. The total number of immatures counted in Makuleke in May 2017 was 55, with 181 counted in July 2021. This highlights the importance of the Makuleke Wetlands Ramsar Site as a breeding locality of this species within South Africa, even if it is infrequent.
GC-MS Analysis and In-vitro Apoptosis Induction and Anticancer Activity of Methanol Extract of Aspergillus terreusagainst Lung Cancer

The present study was focusing on qualitative and quantification of bioactive compounds present in Aspergillus terreus and evaluating its anticancer activity and apoptosis detection against lung cancer. Methods: A. terreus was sequentially extracted using the Soxhlet extraction technique with hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water. Detection of bioactive compounds was done using Standard biochemical tests and GC-MS analysis was performed with NIST database to identify the bioactive compounds. The toxicity and anticancer activity of crude extract was investigated using MTT assay on L929 cells and lung cancer A549 cells whereas apoptosis study was conducted through Flowcytometry-based surface marker study on the A549 cancer cell line. Results: secondary metabolites analysis showed the presence of phenols and terpenoids as major constituents in the methanol extract whereas other solvent extracts have shown the absence of major bioactive compounds. Quantification studies showed that methanol extract has shown the phenolic content 179 µg/g of Gallic acid equivalent. The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 1-Flurodecane, Methyl palmitate, Ethyl palmitate, 9, 12-Octadecanopic acid, 10-Octadecanoic acid, Methyl stearate, Octadecadeoinoate, Ethyl 9-hexadecanoate and 1-Monoarachidin as major bioactive compounds. Further, MTT based toxicity study on the L929 cell line revealed that methanol extract at lower concentrations like 50µg, 100µg and150µg shown more than 50% of cell viability and at higher concentration between 200µg-250 µg it was showing toxic nature with 47.89±0.01% viability. In case of anticancer activity against lung cancer A549 cell line the methanol extract have shown the dose dependent activity i.e the percentage of cell viability was decreased with increase in the concentration of methanol extract at 250µg the cell viability was found to be 35.12±0.005%. Flow cytometry based apoptosis study revealed that methanol extract has shown the inducing apoptosis in treated lung cancer A549 cells with percentage of 10.84. Conclusion: overall the present study shown that A. terreus possess different class of bioactive compounds and it has higher phenolic content. Toxicity study showed that methanol extract exhibited toxic nature at higher concentration on tested cell line and Anticancer and Apoptosis study revealed that methanol extract has shown the prominent with inhibiting the growth of lung cancer A549 cells through inducing apoptosis. Further, A. terreus would be a promising natural microorganism that has to be further researched in order to discover and isolate potent drug to treat cancer. Future studies will be on study of in-vivo animal studies and study of molecular mechanism of drug action on particular with anticancer study.
The influence of a specific high intensity circuit training during physical education classes in children’s physical activity and body composition markers

Physical activity plays a paramount role on children growth and schools emerged as a key setting for pro- moting physical activity during childhood. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of a high intensi- ty circuit training performed during regular physical education classes at schools. One hundred and five children aged 11–14 years (71 boys and 34 girls) were evaluated. The participants were split into a control group (boys: N = 47; girls: N = 16) and an experimental group (boys: N = 24; girls: N = 18). Besides the normal physical education classes, the experimental group also performed a high intensity circuit training for eight weeks, twice a week, at the beginning of the lesson. A pre- post-test was performed. Cardiorespiratory (20 m shuttle run test ) and a set of strength variables were evaluated. Percentage of fat mass was used as a somatic indicator. The 20 m shuttle run test presented a significant time effect, but not a time X sex, time X group, and time X weight status interactions. Conversely, the strength variables presented a significant time X group interaction (significant differences between groups). Percentage of fat mass presented a significant time effect, but not a significant time X group interaction. Data showed that adding a high intensity circuit training to physical education classes would result in a significant increase in muscular fitness performance in children, but cardiorespiratory fitness may not present the same magnitude of improvement. High in- tensity circuit training programs (performed during regular physical education classes at schools) seem to present a positive and significant effect in physical fitness parameters as well as reducing the percentage of fat mass.
Caliste 64: detection unit of a spectro imager array for a hard x-ray space telescope

In the frame of the hard X-ray Simbol-X observatory, a joint CNES-ASI space mission to be flown in 2014, a prototype of miniature Cd(Zn)Te camera equipped with 64 pixels has been designed. The device, called Caliste 64, is a spectro-imager with high resolution event time-tagging capability. Caliste 64 integrates a Cd(Zn)Te semiconductor detector with segmented electrode and its front-end electronics made of 64 independent analog readout channels. This 1 × 1 × 2 cm3 camera, able to detect photons in the range from 2 keV up to 250 keV, is an elementary detection unit juxtaposable on its four sides. Consequently, large detector array can be made assembling a mosaic of Caliste 64 units. Electronics readout module is achieved by stacking four IDeF-X V1.1 ASICs, perpendicular to the detection plane. We achieved good noise performances, with a mean Equivalent Noise Charge of ~65 electrons rms over the 64 channels. Time resolution is better than 70 ns rms for energy deposits greater than 50 keV, taking into account electronic noise and technological dispersal, which enables to reject background by anticoincidence with very low probability of error. For the first prototypes, we chose CdTe detectors equipped with Al-Ti-Au Schottky barrier contacts because of their very low dark current and excellent spectroscopic performances. So far, three Caliste 64 cameras have been realized and tested. When the crystal is cooled down to -10°C, the sum spectrum built with the 64 pixels of a Caliste 64 sample results in a spectral resolution of 664 eV FWHM at 13.94 keV and 841 eV FWHM at 59.54 keV.
Maximum term of a particular autoregressivesequence with discrete margins

In this paper we consider a stationary sequence of discrete random variables with marginal distribution H(x), obtained by a simple transformation from the max-AR(1) sequence considered by Alpuim (1989). Because discrete distributions impose severe restrictions on the convergence of the normalized maxima to an extreme value distribution, it is seen that in this particular case, whenever H(x) belongs to the domain of attraction of any max-stable distribution, the sequence possesses an extremal index 0 = 0. Nevertheless, it, is possible to obtain a nondegenerate limiting distribution for the linearized maxima by choosing other sets of normalizing constants. Whenever H(x) does not belong to the domain of attraction of any max-stable distribution, but, satisfies adequate conditions, the maxima nearly possess an asymptotic stability with the presence of an extremal index 0 <θ<1. Motivated by the behaviour of these sequences we obtained a more general result extending the results of Anderson (1970) and Me (Jon n.
Human β-Defensin 3 Inhibits Porphyromonas Gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative and Inflammatory Responses of Microglia by Suppression of Cathepsins B and L

Recently, the effects of antibacterial peptides are suggested to have therapeutic potential in Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, systemic treatment of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced Alzheimer’s disease-like neuropathological changes in middle-aged mice. Then, we examined whether human β-defensins (hBDs), antimicrobial peptides produced by the oral mucosa and salivary glands, can suppress Pg LPS-induced oxidative and inflammatory responses by microglia. hBD3 (1 μM) significantly suppressed Pg LPS-induced production of nitric oxide and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by MG6 cells, a mouse microglial cell line. hBD3 (1 μM) also significantly inhibited Pg LPS-induced expression of IL-6 by HMC3 cells, a human microglial cell line. In contrast, neither hBD1, hBD2 nor hBD4 failed to inhibit their productions. Furthermore, hBD3 suppressed Pg LPS-induced p65 nuclear translocation through the IκBα degradation. Pg LPS-induced expression of IL-6 was significantly suppressed by E64d, a cysteine protease inhibitor, and CA-074Me, a known specific inhibitor for cathepsin B, but not by pepstatin A, an aspartic protease inhibitor. Interestingly, hBD3 significantly inhibited enzymatic activities of recombinant human cathepsins B and L, lysosomal cysteine proteases, and their intracellular activities in MG6 cells. Therefore, hBD3 suppressed oxidative and inflammatory responses of microglia through the inhibition of cathepsins B and L, which enzymatic activities are necessary for the NF-κB activation.
Pars plana vitrectomy for tractional diabetic macular edema with or without internal limiting membrane peeling

Background: The effectiveness of internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in the surgical treatment of tractional diabetic macular edema (DME), although widely examined, remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in the management of tractional DME and to highlight any benefits of additional ILM peeling. Methods: This was an open-label, prospective, comparative, and interventional study that enrolled 50 eyes with tractional DME that underwent PPV and allocated each to one of two groups: group A consisted of 25 eyes that had no ILM peeling and group B consisted of 25 eyes that underwent ILM peeling. Postoperative assessments of best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA) in the logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) notation and central macular thickness (CMT) were performed at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Results: At baseline, the two groups were comparable in terms of sex ratios, phakic status, insulin use, coexistence of hypertension, and mean (standard deviation [SD]) age, BCDVA, CMT, duration of diabetes mellitus, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. In group A, the mean (SD) BCDVA improved significantly from 0.89 (0.12) logMAR preoperatively to 0.64 (0.24) logMAR (P < 0.001), and the mean (SD) CMT declined significantly from 471.28 (80.83) µm to 228.20 (26.45) µm (P < 0.001), at the 6-month postoperative assessment. Likewise, in group B, the mean (SD) BCDVA improved significantly from 0.83 (0.10) logMAR preoperatively to 0.58 (0.24) logMAR (P < 0.001), and the mean (SD) CMT decreased significantly from 496.84 (89.82) µm to 226.20 (18.04) µm (P < 0.001), after 6 months. There were no significant differences between groups A and B in the changes in BCDVA (Delta BCDVA) or CMT (Delta CMT) at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively with respect to the baseline values (all P > 0.05). Postoperative complications were comparable between the two groups. A significant negative correlation was detected between the preoperative HbA1c level and BCDVA improvement in all participants (r = - 0.82; P < 0.001). Conclusions: PPV is an effective treatment for tractional DME. Additional ILM peeling was not significantly associated with functional and anatomical benefits over a short period. Long-term glycemic control plays a role in vision gain after vitrectomy in patients with diabetes. Further long-term studies are required to verify our findings.
H2- and H∞-approximations for eigenvalues/vector functions of transfer matrices

H2- and H∞- weighting sequence approximations to rational and irrational functions (Trefethen 1981, Helton et al. 1989) are pertinent to characteristic locus design. The most effective technique combines inverse discrete Fourier transforms with what amount to H2 approximations. In this paper we discuss the theoretical background and develop some new H2 and H∞ techniques. The resulting algorithms can be applied to general (rational/irrational) function and vector function approximation problems. They are shown to be particularly effective in the approximation of eigenvalue/vector functions of transfer function matrices. The derived techniques provide some very useful tools for the characteristic locus design method.
Reduction of blade-vortex interaction noise through porous leading edge

The effect of the porous leading edge of an airfoil on the blade-vortex interaction noise, which dominates the far-lield acoustic spectrum of the helicopter, is investigated. The thin-layer Navier-Stokes equations are solved with a high-order upwind-biased scheme and a multizonal grid system. The Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model is modified for considering transpiration on the surface. The amplitudes of the propagating acoustic wave in the near field are calculated directly from the computation. The porosity effect on the surface is modeled in two ways: 1) imposition of prescribed transpiration velocity distribution and 2) calculation of transpiration velocity distribution by Darcy's law
Missile Guidance by Three‐Dimensional Proportional Navigation

Following a brief comparison of three collision‐seeking types of navigation—pure pursuit, constant‐bearing collision, and proportional navigation—the usual definition of planar proportional navigation is extended to three dimensions. Based upon a simple criterion for optimum navigation to the line‐of‐sight motion, a proper formulation is found in terms of the geodesic and normal curvatures of the missile path on the surface generated by the line of sight. By a suitable choice of a reference coordinate system, the missile‐target kinematic relationships are then linearized, assuming relatively small deviations of the missile from a collision course. Upon combining these ``geometry feedback'' equations with the equations of guidance, the missile trajectory is found to be given in terms of two independent linear differential equations of identical form and of one higher order than the missile transfer function. Typical solutions are found for some simple cases. The character of the trajectory is shown to depend on an ``effective navigation constant'' proportional to the missile navigation constant (or gain) and the ratio of missile speed to closing speed; a value of this parameter greater than two is found to be necessary to insure finite terminal missile acceleration. Two example trajectories are calculated from both the exact and the linearized trajectory equations to indicate the accuracy of the linearization.
Improved Reachable Set Estimation and Aperiodic Sampled-Data for T–S Fuzzy Markovian Jump Systems

In this article, the problem of reachable set estimation (RSE) and the design of aperiodic sampled-data controller for Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy Markovian jump systems (T–S FMJSs) with unit-energy bounded disturbance (UEBD) and unit-peak bounded disturbance (UPBD) inputs are taken into consideration. First, sufficient conditions that all states of the T–S FMJSs are encompassed by ellipsoids under zero initial conditions are acquired via constructing a mode-dependent two-sided loop-based Lyapunov function and applying a linear matrix inequality approach. Second, the RSE is taken into account in the design of the state feedback aperiodic sampled-data controller with the aim that the resulting ellipsoid encompasses the reachable set of the closed-loop system. Finally, a nonlinear mass-spring model and a tunnel diode circuit model demonstrate the efficiency of the presented approach. In addition, this method is able to obtain a larger sampled-data period than other literature, thus saving bandwidth and reducing communication resources.
Influence mechanism between information management technologies and green innovation: the role of sustainable firms practices in China

Despite the proposition of sustainable development goals by the United Nations, the progress shown by the organizations is not satisfactory. It also raised the attention of the policymakers to overcome those challenges by identifying potential solutions. Hence, the current study aims to assess the role of the information and knowledge management process in attaining green innovation in sustainable practices. For this purpose, the data is collected from the 395 organizations operating in China that are ISO 14001 certified. The application of PLS-SEM shows that information and knowledge management significantly and positively enhance all three sustainable practices, which eventually play an encouraging role in green innovation. Additionally, all three types of sustainable practices also reported mediating the relationships between the information and knowledge management process and green innovation. Based on the findings, organizations are recommended to integrate and align sustainable practices, information management, and green innovation with the mission, vision, and routine activities and objectives.
Low-resistance magnetic tunnel junctions by in situ natural oxidation

Spin-dependent tunneling has received much attention in recent years. In this study, low-resistance exchange-biased magnetic tunnel junctions (down to 2 μm2) were fabricated in a self-aligned way. The insulating barrier was achieved by in situ natural oxidation of very thin Al layers (<1.3 nm). The resistance and magnetoresistance of tunnel junctions is studied as a function of the aluminum thickness for different oxidation times, leading to resistance-area products from 0.1 to 5 kΩ μm2, and tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratios up to 20%. The decrease in TMR for the lowest resistance barriers in the data set is explained by the nonuniformity of the initial Al layer, which has been characterized using different methods. In this case, the optimal oxidation state cannot be reached. The barrier oxidation state can be improved by thermal treatment, by which an increase in TMR is observed for temperatures up to 275 °C.
Modified anterior retropharyngeal approach for C2-C3 disc herniation

Background: C2-C3 disc herniations are rare, but occur more frequent in the elderly population. As the classical anterior Cloward approach to these lesions is not optimal, we propose an alternative modified retropharyngeal approach to these disc herniations that were successfully utilized in two patients. Methods: Two patients with C2-C3 disc herniations underwent anterior cervical surgery utilizing the modified retropharyngeal approach. Results: Surgery was successful is two cases with C2-C3 disc herniation and no patient sustained a perioperative complication. Conclusion: Our modified anterior retropharyngeal approach for C2-C3 disc herniations resulted in good outcomes without perioperative complications.