Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epitaxial oxide growth on polar (111) surfaces

Obtaining atomically smooth surfaces and interfaces of perovskite oxide materials on polar (111) surfaces presents a particular challenge as these surfaces and interfaces will reconstruct. Here, the effect of the use of screening buffer layers on the epitaxial growth on such polar surfaces is investigated. Both transmission electron microscopy and in situ reflective high energy electron diffraction data imply that the buffer layers, SrRuO3 or LaAlO3, restore a near bulk-like termination at growth temperature, allowing for coherent growth of BiFeO3 and CaTiO3 for all deposited unit cell layers of the film material. An important crystalline orientation in the perovskite system, in terms of the ability to use strain engineering and to fabricate superlattices, is the (111) direction (A schematic drawing of a (111) oriented perovskite is shown in Figure 1(a)). For example, if superlattices of perovskites are grown in the (111) orientation, it is possible to build artificial double perovskites.1,2 Another example is work done by Xiao et al.,3 which shows that it is possible to build a topological insulator by growing in the (111) direction. A lot of knowledge within the field of oxide thin films has been gained by the many heteroepitaxial systems involving cubic (001) substrates like SrTiO3 in which case the surface and interface with the film perovskite structure has been well studied. From these studies, it has become clear that a good perovskite substrate surface fulfills three important criteria: (1) single termination; (2) a stable interface with air/vacuum without major reconstructions; and (3) a stable interface with the film material.
Knowledge Management Practice in Manufacturing Industry - An Empirical Study

— The manufacturing industries are in a compelling situation to maintain the quality of product as well as better and trustful service in order to keep their sustenance. But most of the manufacturers are not able to meet out the global competence due to lack of constructive conceptual model of Knowledge Management Practice (KMP) in their organizations. Therefore, after having gone through various related past research studies, the present authors have developed a conceptual model of KMP by incorporating with ten important intervening enablers, namely, Organizational Structure, Leadership, Training, Employees’ Motivation, Socialization, Organizational Culture, Learning Attitude and Behaviour, Commitment of the Organization, Information Technology, and Knowledge Management Audit. In this work, 200 leaders (senior manager, middle manager, junior manager and supervisor) from various types of manufacturing industries in Tamil Nadu, India, were selected as sample, and the data was obtained through their perception in respect of enablers based knowledge management (KM) practice in manufacturing industry. The results showed that all the ten enablers were positively and significantly related to KM practice and influenced the performance of manufacturing industry in Tamilnadu, India.
Nitrous Oxide Emissions Generated in Coffee Cultivation: A Systematic Review

The objective of the research was to provide an overview of soil N2O emissions in coffee cropping systems; summarizing available field data on soil emissions and identifying controlling factors (fertilizer type, precipitation, temperature, altitude). A systematic search of Scopus, Science Direct, Springer, and Scielo for experimental-type studies was conducted from January 2000 to October 2021. Of the seventy manuscripts determined through the search strategy, eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Analysis of the included studies revealed that they were conducted in Ecuador, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua; the rainfall of the fields ranged from 910 mm to 2740 mm per year and the average temperature was 20.3°C. Coffee is planted under agroforestry systems and monocultures; in addition, the most abundant forest species in coffee agroforestry systems are leguminous plants of the Inga and Erytrina genus and 60% of the studies have been developed with the Catuai coffee variety. The pH and humidity of the soil where coffee plantations are developed range from 4.67 to 6.34 and 53.3 to 67.05% respectively. Finally, the fertilizers used are of chemical, organic, and chemical + polymer origin, at fertilization rates ranging from 66 to 400 kg.N. ha-1yr-1 and N2O emissions ranging from 0.2 to 12.8 kg.N. ha-1yr-1. Overall, the present systematic review provides a scientific basis for evaluating N2O emissions generated in coffee crops.
Racial Inequality in Work Environments

This article explores racial stratification in work environments. Inequality scholars have long identified racial disparities in wage and occupational attainment, but workers’ careers and well-being are also shaped by elements of their work environment, including firm culture, managerial style, and work-life balance. I theorize two processes that could lead to racial inequality in firms’ work environments: (1) employee sorting due to exclusionary practices, and (2) spillover from racial differences in occupation and geographic location. To test this, I gathered a unique firm-level dataset composed of one million employee reviews, covering most large and medium-sized firms in the United States. I show that firms with more Black employees score lower for managerial quality, firm culture, and work-life balance, and firms with more Asian employees score higher on these dimensions. However, Asian employees’ advantage disappears when controlling for occupation, industry, and geography, whereas Black employees’ disadvantage persists, suggesting that the process of firm-level employee sorting is at work. Consistent with this, I find that Black employees’ disadvantage is strongest in areas with more conservative racial attitudes and more prevalent workplace racial discrimination. I then replicated the main findings using two entirely different data sources. Together, these results underscore racial inequality in work environments, an overlooked but important dimension of workplace inequality.
Influence of solar wind variability on geomagnetic activity

A statistical study of solar wind data from the Explorer 33 satellite shows that interplanetary magnetic field irregularities are enhanced in the interaction region where a fast solar wind stream overtakes a slower solar wind stream. Comparison with geomagnetic AE and ap indexes further shows that these interplanetary irregularities enhance the level of geomagnetic disturbances. Thus while substorm occurrence is highly correlated with the dawn-dusk component of the solar wind v×B electric field, the amplitude of the substorms is an increasing function of the variance in the interplanetary field. This result can be interpreted as a capacitative effect of the magnetopause that allows a time-varying solar wind electric field to penetrate the magnetosphere more effectively than a static solar wind electric field. On the basis of a simple physical model we estimate a capacitative time constant of the order of 20 min, consistent with the experimental results reported here.
Spectral beam combining using superimposed reflective volume Bragg grating

It is an effective approach to obtain high-power laser output by spectral beam combining (SBC) technologies. The power of the output beam increases with the increasing of the number of wavelength channels. However, that makes the traditional SBC system very huge for achieving high power laser output. In this paper, a simple SBC system based on the superimposed Reflective Volume Bragg Grating (RVBG) is proposed to reduce the scale of the SBC system. Two structure models of the superimposed RVBG - the superimposed RVBG with the same period and the superimposed RVBG with different period are analyzed and compared by using the rigorous coupled wave analysis, and their applications for SBC system are discussed. Numerical results show that the superimposed RVBG are easy to be fabricated and have the potential to combine multiple lasers with one volume. The superimposed RVBG with different period can achieve high diffraction efficiency simultaneously for each grating with small slant angle divergence, and is convenience to combine two beams with small spectral separation.
Low noise fiber laser based on gain feedback in a rare-earth doped fiber amplifier chain

We demonstrate a low noise fiber laser (LN-FL) based on gain feedback controlled high efficiency fiber amplifier chain (FAC) which connect with other optical devices in a circle manner. The FAC contains two cascaded fiber amplifiers with core pumped and double-clad pumped Erbium and Erbium-Ytterbium co-doped fibers. Gain saturation effect and amplified spontaneous emission noise in the FAC is analyzed and suppressed through gain control method. Lasing mode in the LN-FL is stabilized with fiber pigtails setting in special orbits and ensuring fiber device splicing loss low without any filters. For continuous wave operation, mode-hopping free laser spectrum with output power of 2W and SNR of 50dB is achieved. The narrowest bandwidths are about 0.2nm and 0.01nm for lasing cavity without and with filters, respectively. Lasing wavelength can be tuned in a wavelength span of 7nm by adjusting of a fiber pigtailed polarization controller. Pulsed operation of the laser under different pump seeds injection is experimental investigated and analyzed.
The point-spread function of X-ray image-intensifiers/CCD-camera and imaging-plate systems in crystallography: assessment and consequences for the dynamic range

The point-spread functions (PSFs) of two X-ray CCD detectors and two imaging-plate (IP) scanners were compared using the monochromatic beam of the Materials Science beamline of the ESRF. The CCD detectors were a commercial medical type X-ray image intensifier (XRII) for energies above 20 keV and a tube with a beryllium window especially designed for the 5–50 keV range, optically coupled to a high-resolution cooled charge-coupled-device (CCD) camera. The IP scanners were the Fuji BAS2000 and the Molecular Dynamics PhosphorImager 400E, with plates from Fuji and Kodak. The PSFs were recorded using a 30 × 30 μm pinhole at energies from 8 to 41 keV under normal and highly saturated conditions. Special care was taken in the study of PSF wings. Dynamic range capabilities in the presence of PSF bleeding were also measured using a standard X-ray generator. The Fuji and MD IP scanners give very similar PSFs when used with Fuji plates [ca 130 μm full width at half-maximum (FWHM), 1100 μm at 0.1% of peak maximum]. The Kodak plates showed a broader PSF than the Fuji plates, one which also increases with X-ray energy. The standard XRII/CCD gave the coarsest PSF (ca 4000 μm at 0.1% of peak maximum), whereas the finest PSF was recorded with the beryllium XRII/CCD used in magnified mode (900 μm at 0.1%). The best dynamic range was obtained with the XRII/CCDs; the lowest with the Fuji scanner.
Topology-based protein–protein interaction analysis of oral cancer proteins

Oral cancer is a common type of head and neck cancer that affects majority of the population worldwide. The present study focuses on the network-based protein– protein interaction (PPI) approach for the identification of oral cancer targets and systems biology approach-based analysis. Totally 47 oral cancer gene targets were extracted from the BioXpress database, Oral Cancer Gene Database and HNC database. The related protein networks were explored and visualized using Cytoscape v3.7. 2. Topology predictions were performed by Molecular Complex Detection tool and Biological Networks Gene Ontology tool (BiNGO) plug-in from Cytoscape v3.7. 2. The comprehensive study using MCODE are three clusters of 15 common oral cancer genes. The predicted proteins were GSK-3 β , PKM, Catenin- β 1, Tp53, SMAD-3, MYC, LDHA, HIF1- α , PDPK-1, AKT3, PIK3CA, ILK, UBC, E2F1 and SKP. The 15 oral cancer genes with their significant P -value < 0.05 are responsible for the development of oral cancer. These 15 proteins obtained from network-based interaction analysis can be a potential solution of anti-cancer drug molecules against multiple targets of oral cancer.
A NOVEL DIGITAL COLOR IMAGE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM BASED ON A NEW 4-D HYPER-CHAOTIC SYSTEM AND AN IMPROVED S-BOX

With the rapid development of communication network and multimedia technology in recent years, a large number of digital images are generated and transmitted on the network. In order to make some sensitive information images safely transmitted on the Internet, this paper proposes a color image encryption algorithm based on a novel four-dimensional (4-D) hyper-chaotic system. Firstly, the key of the system is generated by the SHA-256 hash algorithm, which can eﬀectively strengthen the algorithm’s ability to resist known-plaintext attacks. Then we scramble the color plain image through Arnold map, and propose a new 4-D hyper-chaotic system and its circuit simulation. And an improved substitution box (S-box) is generated by using the chaotic pseudo-random sequence generated by the hyper-chaotic system. The scrambled image is replaced by the generated S-box, and then the replaced image is combined with the chaotic pseudo-random sequence for diﬀusion operation to generate ciphertext image. In the end, the experimental results and security analysis show that the algorithm has suﬃcient key space, high key sensitivity, and high security.
Extended emission-line regions around QSOs

A narrow-band forbidden O III 5007 A imaging survey of a sample of 47 luminous low-redshift QSOs is reported. The ionized gas is found to be not well correlated with the extended continuum material, as would be expected if it were normal interstellar gas. The distribution of the ionized gas in most of the objects is highly structured over scales of tens of kpc, but this structure is generally quite asymmetric and is clearly not that of gas in an equilibrium configuration. The results are consistent with the assumption that the extended gas has been ionized by the UV continuum from the QSO nucleus. The correlations between the presence of strong extended emission and both the strength of the nuclear narrow-line emission and the radio spectral index generally confirm the results of Boroson and Oke (1984) and Boroson et al. (1985). 67 references.
A NEW TOPOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTION OF INFINITE FAMILIES OF TORIC MANIFOLDS IMPLYING FAN REDUCTION

An infinite family of toric manifolds is constructed from a given one M 2n , using only the original characteristic function (or fan) data. This is done in a way which sim- plifies significantly the presentation of the cohomology of the manifolds in the family. The manifolds are then interpreted in the context of generalized moment-angle complexes (poly- hedral products) and an analogue of the Davis-Januszkiewicz spaces. Further properties of generalized moment-angle complexes with respect to the simplicial wedge construction are developed, including one concerning the action of the Steenrod algebra.
Chaos theory tamed

What is this business called 'chaos'? What does it deal with? Why do people think it's important? And how did the term 'chaos' - long associated with disorder - come to signify a new paradigm in the orderly realm of mathematics? The concept of chaos is one of the most exciting and rapidly expanding research topics of recent decades. Chaos might underlie many kinds of well-known processes - the performance of the stock market, the weather, the cries of newborn babies, the dripping of a leaky faucet, and more.In "Chaos Theory Tamed", scientist Garnett P. Williams walks the reader through this exciting territory, building an understanding of chaos and its significance in our lives. "Chaos" is a mathematical subject. If you seek bodice-ripping romance, this book is not for you. But if you are a researcher working with data.a scientist, engineer, or economist who has specialized outside the field of mathematics.or an interested person with a bit of background in algebra and statistics.then "Chaos Theory Tamed" can help you understand the basic concepts of this relatively new arm of science.Williams explains the terms necessary for an understanding of chaos theory. He discusses 'sensitive dependence on initial conditions' and what that means for long-term predictions. He explores the role of the chaotic or 'strange' attractor, order within chaos, fractal structure, and the emerging concepts of self-organization and complexity. Drawing from mathematics, physics, and statistics, the book provides a toolkit for readers, including vectors, phase space, Fourier analysis, time-series analysis, and autocorrelation.Williams describes routes that systems may take from regular behavior to chaos - period doubling, intermittency, and quasiperiodicity - and discusses nonlinear equations that can give rise to chaos. Dimension is a basic ingredient of chaos, and Williams brings clarity to the many ways in which this term is used by specialists in the field. And he explains how the magnitude of chaos may be gauged by Lyapunov exponents, Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, and mutual information - mysterious terms that 'aren't all that difficult once we pick them apart,' says Williams. "Chaos Theory Tamed" makes generous use of lists, graphs, field examples, summaries, and - perhaps most important - friendly language to help the reader learn and use the vocabulary of chaos. It will help scientists, students, and others outside mathematics to use the concepts of chaos in working with data, and it will give the interested lay reader a foothold on the fundamentals of this new realm of thought.
Lasing in quantum-dot ensembles with sharp adjustable electronic shells

Quantum-dot laser diodes with up to five well-defined electronic shells are fabricated using self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. Shape-engineered stacks of self-aligned QDs with improved uniformity are used to increase the gain in the active region. Lasing is observed in the upper QD shells for small-gain media, and progresses towards the QD ground states for longer cavity lengths. We obtained at 77 K thresholds of Jth=15 A/cm2 for a 2 mm cavity lasing in the first excited state (p shell), and Jth=125 A/cm2 for a 1 mm cavity lasing in n=3 (d shell). At 300 K for a 1 mm cavity, Jth is 490 A/cm2 with lasing in n=4 (f shell).
Observations of surface-brightness fluctuations in Virgo

VRI photometric observations of surface-brightness fluctuation in 13 Virgo Cluster galaxies, M32, and NGC 3379, obtained using an 800 x 800 CCD array on the 4-m telescope at KPNO during March 1989, are reported. The data-reduction techniques are described in detail, and the results are presented in tables and graphs. Particular attention is given to distance estimates derived from the I-band fluctuations: it is shown that NGC 4365 is behind the cluster, while NGC 4468 and NGC 4489 are in the foreground. The average distance to the cluster is found to be 17 + or - 1 Mpc, with H0 = 78 + or - 6 km/sec Mpc; the corresponding values from a direct isochrone calibration are 21 Mpc and 64 + or - 5 km/sec Mpc.
Stability of miscible displacements in porous media: Rectilinear flow

A theoretical treatment of the stability of miscible displacement in a porous medium is presented. For a rectilinear displacement process, since the base state of uniform velocity and a dispersive concentration profile is time dependent, we make the quasi‐steady‐state approximation that the base state evolves slowly with respect to the growth of disturbances, leading to predictions of the growth rate. Comparison of results with initial value solutions of the partial differential equations shows that, excluding short times, there is good agreement between the two theories. Comparison of the theory with several experiments in the literature indicates that the theory gives a good prediction of the most dangerous wavelength of unstable fingers. An approximate analysis for transversely anisotropic media has elucidated the role of transverse dispersion in controlling the length scale of fingers.
A new type of repetitive behavior in a high-energy transient

The high-energy burster GB 790107 has been observed to repeat, on the order of 100 times, between August 13, 1978 and June 27, 1986, with most repetitions occurring in the latter part of 1983. Here, these activities are described, discussing intensity and time-of-occurrence information covering a seven-year span of International Cometary Explorer (ICE) data. Arguments for the reality of this activity and its association with the GB 790107 source are presented. A moderately precise location derived from ICE, SMM, Pioneer Venus Orbiter, and Venera 13 Signe data is given and related to the published GB 790107 location. 9 references.
Well-posedness of Hemivariational Inequalities and Inclusion Problems

In the present paper, we generalize the concept of well-posedness to a hemivariational inequality, give some metric characterizations of the wellposed hemivariational inequality, and derive some conditions under which the hemivariational inequality is strongly well-posed in the generalized sense. Also, we show that the well-posedness of the hemivariational inequality is equivalent to the well-posedness of the corresponding inclusion problem.
The application of structural equation modelling to the construction of an index for the measurement of health-related behaviours

It is useful for ease of interpretation of health survey data to have the use of a single dimension or index which represents the healthiness of the behaviour patterns of the population. At issue are the methods for deriving the dimension or index. Two methods, structural equation modelling and the more standard multiple-regression approach, were used to develop models for both cross-sectional and longitudinal data from a health and life style survey. The potential of these approaches to explain subsequent health outcomes is considered.
On the passivity criterion for ltiN-ports

Existing proofs of the passivity criterion for linear, time-invariant, distributed N-ports are either incorrect or too involved, requiring the use of advanced mathematics such as distribution theory. This paper presents a simple but completely rigorous proof using only basic real and complex analysis. For the sake of completeness we have included simple proofs of the Paley-Wiener theorem and the Poisson formula for the half plane. We show that solvability, a non-intuitive technical assumption made in rigorous theories of LTI passive networks, is virtually always satisfied. Finally, we give a passivity criterion applicable to N-ports described by general co-ordinates, from which passivity criteria for any specific representation (e.g. impedance, admittance, hybrid, transmission, scattering, etc.) can be trivially derived.
Bayesian Polynomial Chaos

In this brief paper we introduce Bayesian polynomial chaos, a Gaussian process analogue to polynomial chaos. We argue why this Bayesian re-formulation of polynomial chaos is necessary and then proceed to mathematically deﬁne it, followed by an examination of its utility in computing moments and sensitivities; multi-ﬁdelity modelling, and information fusion