Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
43 56 v 2 [ he pph ] 7 M ay 2 01 2 New results for the Inert Doublet Model ∗

New results for the Inert Doublet Model (IDM) are discussed. It is very special among the D-symmetric 2HDMs, offering a good DM candidate. New unitarity constraints were derived for the IDM and SM-like light Higgs boson scenario in the Mixed Model. 1 Two Higgs Doublet Models Among the standard models of the elementary particle interactions the most popular are the one with one Higgs (scalar) doublet (The Standard Model SM = 1HDM) and with two such doublets (2HDMs, including Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM)). In 2HDMs there are five scalars three neutral and two charged ones. The lightest neutral scalar is often SM-like, what makes such models particularly interesting nowadays. The Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism describing spontaneous breaking of the EW symmetry allows in 2HDM’s for breaking of the U(1)QED symmetry, in contrast to the 1HDM. In these models two scalar doublets of SU(2), with weak hypercharge equal 1, can be involved in generating masses of the gauge bosons W and Z. Fermion masses are generated via Yukawa interactions in various ways, leading to various models: Model I, II, III, IV,X,Y,. depending on how the doublets couple to fermions. Typically, in order to avoid FCNC at the tree level, some discrete symmetries are imposed on a Lagrangian. Here we will consider the Lagrangian, which is symmetric under such Z2 transformation, where one of the scalar doublets changes sign, while all other fields (the other scalar doublet and all SM-fields) are unchanged. This allows us to consider a case of the Inert Doublet Model (IDM), in which such a Z2 symmetry is respected not only at the Lagrangian level but also in the vacuum [1]. IDM is unique among 2HDMs as Presented by M. Krawczyk at the XXXV International Conference of Theoretical Physics "MATTER TO THE DEEPEST": Recent Developments in Physics of Fundamental Interactions, Ustroń’11 September 12-18, 2011
GEOMETRIC AND TOPOLOGICAL STRUCTURES RELATED TO M-BRANES II: TWISTED STRING AND STRINGC STRUCTURES

Abstract The actions, anomalies and quantization conditions allow the M2-brane and the M5-brane to support, in a natural way, structures beyond spin on their world-volumes. The main examples are twisted string structures. This also extends to twisted stringc structures which we introduce and relate to twisted string structures. The relation of the C-field to Chern–Simons theory suggests the use of the string cobordism category to describe the M2-brane.
Bezelye (Pisum sativum L.) Bitkisinin Organogenez Yöntemi ile Rejenerasyonu

Makele Tarihçesi: Geliş tarihi: 12 Haziran 2020 Kabul tarihi: 4 Ağustos 2020 Online Yayınlanma: 15 Aralık 2020 Bitki hücre, doku ve organ kültürü yöntemlerinin kullanılması bitki klonal çoğaltımı için önemli olduğu kadar ileri moleküler tekniklerde uygulanılan genetik manipülasyonları için de önemlidir. Bu araştırmada, insan besin gıdaları içerisinde önemli yer tutan ve yüksek protein içeriğine sahip baklagiller ailesinden bezelye bitkisinin mikro çoğaltımı üzerine farklı besin ortamı (MS ve B5) ve farklı bitki büyüme düzenleyicilerinin (NAA, GA3 ve Kinetin) etkisi çalışılmıştır. Bitkisel materyal olarak bezelye bitkisinin (Pisum sativum L.) ovül eksplantları kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda en iyi kallus oluşum oranı (%80) Kinetin (1 mg L -1 ) ve GA3 (1 mg L -1 ) içeren MS besin ortamından sağlanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Baklagiller Bezelye Bitki Büyüme Düzenleyicileri Mikroçoğaltım
Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) on Qualitative Research: A Review

This article discusses critical discourse theory as a qualitative research theory. Analytical frameworks include analysis of texts, communication and social practices in local, corporate and social levels. It has the goal of expressing and engaging in politics to discuss or deal with specific research methods, statements or values. It refers to the need to explain, understand, analyze, and criticize social life that reflects in the text using critical discourse analysis. According to Lake (1996), “The authors use texts to understand their world, and at the same time, the article admits to creating actions and social relationships in everyday life, while text positions and individual buildings provide different meanings, ideas, and world versions".
The inhibition of rat leukocytes apoptosis under the condition of experimental diabetes mellitus type 1 by Galega officinalis L . extract

The ba sis of dia be tes de vel op ment lays in apop to sis mecha nisms dam age not only of the pan cre atic cells, but the im mune sys tem cells that are the most im por tant fac tors of the in ter nal en vi ron ment sta bil ity. The re sponse of im mune cells to an ti genic stim uli, the na ture, dy nam ics and du ra tion of the im mune re sponse, the for ma tion of im mu no logi cal tol er ance is regu lated and de ter mined through pro grammed cell death [8]. More than 150 spe cies of me dici nal plants used in treat ment of dia be tes are men tioned in mod ern lit era ture. Due to mul ti func tional physio logi cal ef fect [7], spe cial at ten tion should be given to Galega of ficina lis. The evi dence pro vided by the lit era ture proves that pro longed us age of Galega of ficina lis un der the con di tion of dia be tes mel li tus leads to the re gen era tion of Lan ger hans is lets cells [13]. This ef fect may oc cur due to the in hi bi tion of apop totic cell death. The aim of our re search work was to study the in flu ence of GOE non al ka loid frac tion on the apop to sis of pe riph eral blood rats leu ko cytes un der the con di tion of EDM type 1. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ex peri ments were car ried out on white breed less male rats weight ing 100–150 g. All ex peri ments were car ried out ac cord ing to the Na tional In sti tute of Health Guide lines for the care and use of labo ra tory ani mals and the Euro pean Coun cil Di rec tive of 24 No vem ber 1986 for Care and Use of Labo ra tory Ani mals (86/609/EEC), and ap proved by the Lo cal Eth ics Com mit tee. EDM type 1 was caused by interabdominal in jec tion of strep to zo to cin (Sigma, USA) in a dose of 5.5 mg per 100 g body weight of ani mals. Two weeks af ter the in duc tion of EDM, the ani mals were given GOE nonalkaloidcontaining frac tion per os as an aque ous sus pen sion dose in the quan tity of 0.6 g per 1 kg of body weight in 1 ml of vol ume. The re ceiv ing of GOE nonalkaloidcontaining frac tion was con ducted ac cord ing to the pro to col as de scribed ear lier [10]. The in ter est to the in ves ti ga tion of bio logi cal ef fects of in ves ti gated nonalkaloidcontaining frac tion ex tract was caused by the fact that it has a hy po gly ce mic ef fect and is nontoxic [10]. Leu ko cytes were separated from blood by cen trifu ga tion in ficoltriombrast den sity gra di ent (= 1,076-1,078 gcm-3). For de tec tion and visu ali za tion of p53 and PARy laited pro teins in di rect im munoper oxi dase method was used. Mouse antihuman an ti body to pro tein The inhibition of rat leukocytes apoptosis under the condition of experimental diabetes mellitus type 1 by Galega officinalis L. extract
Resynchronisation as an Element of Improving Cattle Reproduction Efficiency

Abstract Oestrus resynchronisation (RES, Resynch) programmes for non-pregnant cows allow shortening the period between an unsuccessful insemination and the next attempt on the same cow. The protocol of oestrus RES may be started after ruling out pregnancy by means of ultrasonography carried out 28 days after insemination or after performing a test for pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PAG) in blood or milk. The Resynch protocol can be based on a double application of prostaglandins, the OvSynch protocol, or hormonal therapy with exogenous sources of progesterone (CIDR intravaginal devices). The efficiency of the method depends on the functional state of the ovaries, the diameter of the corpus luteum, external factors, and the health and maturity of the cows. The present paper constitutes a comparison of research findings concerning the effectiveness of RES programmes.
Comparative Analysis between Thromboelastography and Routine Coagulation Test in Liver Disease

Background: Thromboelasto Graphy (TEG) is a continuous, real-time and holistic method to analyze the coagulation and fibrinolytic function of whole blood. We evaluated the feasibility and accuracy of TEG in monitoring the coagulation function of liver diseases by comparing the routine coagulation examination results and TEG in liver disease patients. Methods: A total of 115 patients with liver disease were enrolled in April 2016 ~ October 2017, Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Beijing, China, all of whose venous blood had been performed TEG and routine coagulation function test. The TEG parameters and the routine coagulation function indexes were analyzed and processed by SPSS statistical software. The correlation analyses of the two variables were carried out one by one. Results: The reaction time of TEG was positively correlated with activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) (r = 0.237, P< 0.05), and was independent of platelet(PLT) (r = -0.201, P < 0.05); Kinetic time was positively correlated with prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time(TT) (r = 0.184,0.228, P< 0.05), which was independent of fibrinogen(FiB) and PLT (r = -0.343, -0.643, P< 0.01); -Angle was positively correlated with FiB and PLT (r = 0.312, 0.583, P< 0.01), and was independent of TT and PT (r = -0.195,-0.219, P < 0.05); Maximum amplitude was correlated with FiB and PLT (r = 0.503, 0.707, P< 0.01), which was independent of TT and PT (r = -0.217,-0.224, P< 0.05); CI level was positively correlated with FiB and PLT (r = 0.292, 0.571, P< 0.01), and was inversely correlated with TT, PT and APTT (r =0.208, -0.254, -0.224, P< 0.05). Kinetic time, -Angle, maximum amplitude and CI level werecorrelated most obviously with PLT. Conclusions: The TEG parameters and routine coagulation function test index have a certain correlation, while TEG detection can simultaneously get the related parameters of coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet, and the coagulation function of patients with liver disease can be assessed more holistically and comprehensively using TEG.
Coexistence in locally regulated competing populations and survival of branching annihilating random walk

We propose two models of the evolution of a pair of competing populations. Both are lattice based. The first is a compromise between fully spatial models, which do not appear amenable to analytic results, and interacting particle system models, which do not, at present, incorporate all of the competitive strategies that a population might adopt. The second is a simplification of the first, in which competition is only supposed to act within lattice sites and the total population size within each lattice point is a constant. In a special case, this second model is dual to a branching annihilating random walk. For each model, using a comparison with oriented percolation, we show that for certain parameter values, both populations will coexist for all time with positive probability. As a corollary, we deduce survival for all time of branching annihilating random walk for sufficiently large branching rates. We also present a number of conjectures relating to the r\^{o}le of space in the survival probabilities for the two populations.
Democracy and International Trust Before and After the Start of the Great Recession: The European Union and the United Nations

The paper investigates the change in the impact of democracy on political trust in national and international institutions, including the European Union (EU) and the United Nations (UN), after the start of the Great Recession 2008. Based on empirical evidence, the paper argues that the impact of the level of democracy on national trust is different from its impact on international trust post-crisis 2008, despite having been similar before the crisis. Previous studies reported that the crisis has led to decreased trust in political institutions overall. Our findings highlight that the way the level of democracy relates to political trust in national and international institutions has changed after the start of the Great Recession. These findings are important for studies on political trust, the literature on the impact of the Great Recession on public opinion, and for research on regional versus global institutions. This paper builds on previous studies on trust and contributes to this literature by analysing the change in the impact of democracy on political trust in national versus international institutions, particularly the EU and the United Nations (UN), comparing two periods before and after the start of the Great Recession of 2008. 2 Our results show that before the start of the economic crisis the relationship between democracy and trust in the three types of institutions considered was non-linear. Especially, for trust in national parliament we find evidence for an inverted U-shape relationship between democracy and trust. After the start of the economic crisis levels of trust in the three institutions changes very little (and they are not statistically significant) with the level of democracy. This is mainly due to a substantial decrease in trust in the national parliament in “hybrid regimes”, i.e. countries with intermediate levels of democracy, and to a slight increase in trust in international institutions in the least democratic countries. As a consequence, the pattern of trust levels across democracy levels became much more similar.
VIRAL LOAD AND T CELL SUBGROUP DYNAMICS OF PATIENTS TREATED FOR CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS B.

Backround: T cell activation plays an important role in tissue injury and viral clearance during the antiviral immune response. In our study we aimed to assess the viral load and peripheral blood T lymphocyte subgroup dynamics in the first 6 months of treatment for patients with chronic viral hepatitis B. Material and Method : A total of 31 naive patients without previous treatment were included in the study. For at least 6 months, 16 patients were given 300 mg/day telbivudine and 15 patients were given 100 mg/day lamivudine. Laboratory values were determined at the start of treatment and in the 1st and 6th months. Serum HBV DNA load was measured with PCR and peripheral lymphocytes subsets were measured with flow cytometry. During the treatment period, multistage analysis of the reduction in HBV DNA levels and peripheral blood lymphocyte dynamics was performed. Results: The HBV DNA values in both groups fell to non-measurable levels in the 1st and
Risk invulnerability : the impact of a desirable background risk Risk invulnerability : the impact of a desirable background risk

I extend the classical risk vulnerability definition proposed by Gollier and Pratt (1996) and suggest a new definition namely risk invulnerability, which is to say a desirable background risk that has a positive mean value exceeding the precautionary saving premium makes a decision maker less risk averse with respect to other independent risk. While the value function used in Milne and Robertson (1996) is comparable to the von Neumann Morgenstern utility function used in risk invulnerability, I follow the literature and show that a corporate under stochastic wealth and threat of liquidation is risk invulnerable when the wealth level of this company does not meet the dividend payment threshold. In light of this general case, I propose a specific application of an insurance company suggested by Rochet and Villeneuve (2011), which is facing a zero-or-full reinsurance strategy because of a huge risk. I first confirm that a non-dividend paying insurance company is risk invulnerable, and then investigate the effect of reinsurance on risk invulnerability. I propose that, when the insurance company switch its reinsurance strategy from zero to full coverage, there is an instant decrease in the level of risk invulnerability reflected by the change of magnitude of the corresponding conditions.
A Study to Evaluate the Size of Thyroid Nodules as an Indicator for Malignancy

Background: Several authors have questioned the accuracy of fine- needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in large thyroid nodules. It’s the current practice to provide thyroidectomy to patient with thyroid nodules 4 cm or larger regardless of the FNAC results. The aim of the study is to answer two questions: is the size of nodule associated with higher risk of malignancy and is the size indication for surgery. Subjects and Methods: This study included 20 patients who underwent thyroidectomy. We compared all thyroid nodules with benign FNAC and their final histopathology reports. Patients were divided into two groups based on the size of the nodule (< 4cm or >4cm) and indication of surgery. Results: 20 patients with thyroid nodule underwent thyroid surgery. 13 patients had nodule <4cm and 7 patients were (cid:21) 4 cm. For patients with nodules <4 cm, 3 patients had a malignancy, and for those with nodules (cid:21) 4 cm, 1 patients had a malignancy. For benign cases FNAC and histopathology reports are showing same results, (p<0.05). Conclusion: Thyroid nodules (cid:21) 4 cm are not risk factor of malignancy. Thyroid nodules (cid:21) 4 cm with benign FNAC should not undergo thyroidectomy as false negative rate is low. Therefore, the decision for surgery ought not to be taken based on the size of the nodule.
GENERAL REFERENCE FRAMES AND THEIR ASSOCIATED SPACE MANIFOLDS

We propose a formal definition of a general reference frame in a general spacetime, as an equivalence class of charts. This formal definition corresponds with the notion of a reference frame as being a (fictitious) deformable body, but we assume, moreover, that the time coordinate is fixed. This is necessary for quantum mechanics, because the Hamiltonian operator depends on the choice of the time coordinate. Our definition allows us to associate rigorously with each reference frame F, a unique "space" (a three-dimensional differentiable manifold), which is the set of the world lines bound to F. This also is very useful for quantum mechanics. We briefly discuss the application of these concepts to Godel's universe.
Some geometric properties of hypersurfaces with constant $r$-mean curvature in Euclidean space

Let f: M → R m+1 be an isometrically immersed hypersurface. In this paper, we exploit recent results due to the authors to analyze the stability of the differential operator L r associated with the rth Newton tensor of f. This appears in the Jacobi operator for the variational problem of minimizing the r-mean curvature H r . Two natural applications are found. The first one ensures that under a mild condition on the integral of H r over geodesic spheres, the Gauss map meets each equator of S m infinitely many times. The second one deals with hypersurfaces with zero (r + 1)-mean curvature. Under similar growth assumptions, we prove that the affine tangent spaces f * T p M, p ∈ M, fill the whole R m+1 .
A note on updating beliefs when the number of observations increases in each period

This paper derives the updating rules for beliefs when each successive period has one more new observation than the previous one. There are many applications, for example learning the quality of the ships produced by a shipyard when a new vessel is launched in each period, or the merits of a plumber who repairs one plumbing system a day. JEL Classi.cation: C11. I thank George Evans and Steve Haynes for their helpful comments.
Disrupted Arts and Marginalized Humans

A commentary on Friedrich Kittler’s essay, “Signal-to-Noise Ratio” (for a reprint see this volume: 347–361), is necessarily intimately bound up with the topic of the essay in question, since in the semantic sense every commentary aims to establish a signal-to-noise ratio. Michel Foucault understood the commentary as an instrument that controls and restricts a discourse, that unearths and elaborates what was already silently articulated in it. Thus, “fundamental and creative discourses” (Foucault 1981: 57) are repeated and confirmed, since the same signals and messages are always filtered out of a background noise of countless possible meanings. Following on from this, Kittler was particularly interested in the way in which technical media are involved in the formation of discourses. He coined the term “discourse network,” which “designate[s] the network of technologies and institutions that allow a given culture to select, store, and process relevant data” (Kittler 1990: 369). Thus, every author is embedded in a specific contemporary or historical context and network in which the media s/he uses/used to write his/her texts are relevant actors in the discourse network. In Kittler’s case, as from the 1980s these media were the electric typewriter, the personal computer and word processor, which transformed each of his texts into the binary code and displayed the writing on monitors or on the printed page, as a surface effect of algorithms (Kittler 1988: 298–299). In the current discourse network, an author’s text production cannot be separated from the digital processing carried out by a computer. Thus, a commentary on Kittler’s text can be interpreted literally and metaphorically as an adjustment of the signalto-noise ratio: from the noise of the sequences of 0 and 1, a short text emerges on the screen or on paper, which filters out a specific message from numerous possible meanings. “Signal-to-Noise Ratio” was first published in 1988 in the anthology Materiality of Communication [Materialität der Kommunikation], edited by Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht and K. Ludwig Pfeiffer, and sought to divert attention away from questions of hermeneutics and the search for meaning in texts to the materiality of the media, which are the conditions of possibility of communication, texts, and cultures (Gumbrecht and Pfeiffer 1988). Meaning, according to Kittler, would not exist without a physical medium that can establish communication,
On the Early Development of Dispersion in Flow through a Tube with Wall Reactions

This is a study on numerical simulation of the convection-diffusion transport of a chemical species in steady flow through a small-diameter tube, which is lined with a very thin layer made up of retentive and absorptive materials. The species may be subject to a first-order kinetic reversible phase exchange with the wall material and irreversible absorption into the tube wall. Owing to the velocity shear across the tube section, the chemical species may spread out axially along the tube at a rate much larger than that given by the molecular diffusion; this process is known as dispersion. While the long-time dispersion behavior, well described by the Taylor model, has been extensively studied in the literature, the early development of the dispersion process is by contrast much less investigated. By early development, that means a span of time, after the release of the chemical into the flow, that is shorter than or comparable to the diffusion time scale across the tube section. To understand the early development of the dispersion, the governing equations along with the reactive boundary conditions are solved numerically using the Flux Corrected Transport Algorithm (FCTA). The computation has enabled us to investigate the combined effects on the early development of the dispersion coefficient due to the reversible and irreversible wall reactions. One of the results is shown that the dispersion coefficient may approach its steady-state limit in a short time under the following conditions: (i) a high value of Damkohler number (say 10 ≥ Da ); (ii) a small but non-zero value of absorption rate (say 5 . 0 * ≤ Γ ). Keywords—Dispersion coefficient, early development of dispersion, FCTA, wall reactions.