Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autograft Demonstrates Superior Outcomes for Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction When Compared With Allograft: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND Multiple studies have compared outcomes among patients undergoing revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with autograft versus allograft, but these data are inconsistently reported and long-term outcomes depending on graft type are yet to be determined. PURPOSE To perform a systematic review of clinical outcomes after revision ACLR (rACLR) with autograft versus allograft. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed by searching PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase to identify studies that compared the outcomes of patients undergoing rACLR with autograft versus allograft. The search phrase used was autograft allograft revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Graft rerupture rates, return-to-sports rates, anteroposterior laxity, and patient-reported outcome scores (subjective International Knee Documentation Committee, Tegner, Lysholm, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) were evaluated. RESULTS Eleven studies met inclusion criteria, including 3011 patients undergoing rACLR with autograft (mean age, 28.9 years) and 1238 patients undergoing rACLR with allograft (mean age, 28.0 years). Mean follow-up was 57.3 months. The most common autograft and allograft types were bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts. Overall, 6.2% of patients undergoing rACLR experienced graft retear, including 4.7% in the autograft group and 10.2% in the allograft group (P < .0001). Among studies that reported return-to-sports rates, 66.2% of patients with an autograft returned to sports as opposed to 45.3% of patients with an allograft (P = .01). Two studies found significantly greater postoperative knee laxity in the allograft group as compared with the autograft group (P < .05). Among all patient-reported outcomes, 1 study found 1 significant difference between groups: patients with an autograft had a significantly higher postoperative Lysholm score when compared with patients with an allograft. CONCLUSION Patients undergoing revision ACLR with an autograft can be expected to experience lower rates of graft retear, higher rates of return to sports, and less postoperative anteroposterior knee laxity when compared with patients undergoing revision ACLR with an allograft.
Confidential prescriber feedback and education to improve antibiotic use in primary care: a controlled trial.

BACKGROUND Antibiotics are a medication class for which inappropriate prescribing is frequently described. We sought to assess the effectiveness of a mailed intervention combining confidential prescribing feedback with targeted educational bulletins in increasing the use of less expensive, first-line antibiotics by practising physicians. METHODS The participants were 251 randomly selected primary care physicians from southern Ontario who consented to participate (135 in the feedback group and 116 in the control group). Prescribing data were obtained from the claims database of the Ontario Drug Benefit program, which covers all Ontarians over age 65 years for drugs selected from a minimally restrictive formulary. Confidentially prepared profiles of antibiotic prescriptions coupled with guidelines-based educational bulletins were mailed to the intervention group every 2 months for 6 months. The control group received no intervention until after completion of the study. The main outcome measures were change from baseline in physician's median antibiotic cost and proportion of episodes of care in which a prespecified first-line antibiotic was used first. RESULTS The median prescription cost of about $11 remained constant in the feedback group but rose in the control group (change of $0.05 v. $3.37, p < 0.002). First-line drug use increased in the feedback group but decreased in the control group (change of 2.6% v. -1.7%, p < 0.01). In a mailed survey of 100 feedback recipients (response rate 76%), 82% indicated that they would participate readily in another, similar program. INTERPRETATION A simple program of confidential feedback and educational materials blunted cost increases, increased the use of first-line antibiotics and was highly acceptable to Ontario primary care physicians.
The urban sprawl in the Metropolitan areas of Europe

For some years now, the European spatial policy discourse has been denouncing the increase in the consumption of artificialized (developed) land deriving from the processes of urban sprawl and has identified the peripheral area of such metropolises as being one of the areas where this phenomenon is most prevalent. There is no doubt; the dispersion of urban development is a phenomenon which extends in an uncontrolled manner throughout the whole of the European territory. The growing demand for land, over and above that deriving from demographic and economic growth, has become one of the paradigms of spatial “development” of the “western” world. At the start of the 21st Century, land consumption had reached 350 m2 of land per inhabitant in Europe and the western world, compared with 125 m2 of land per inhabitant across the rest of the world (agglomerations bigger than 500.000 inhabitants). It is remarkable the progressive tendency towards massive land consumption on the periphery of the large metropolises, where pressure from urban development reaches even higher levels. For example, while 4.7% of the European territory was developed in 2000, this proportion reached 15.6% in the areas surrounding the principal European metropolitan urban regions. In this context, the basic object of this paper consists in studies urban sprawl in metropolitan areas of Europe. More specifically, the paper seeks to evaluate the degree of sprawl in the principal metropolitan urban regions of the European Union and to contrast the extent to which a process of dispersion has become generalized as well as to contrast the characteristics of the different models of land occupation of the metropolitan urban regions. One of the hypotheses upon which the present paper rests is that the metropolitan peripheries are where the pathologies of sprawl are most marked. For this purpose innovative methodologies will be developed, based upon functional, demographic, economic and morphological criteria, directed towards the delimitation not only of the very “artifacts” to be analyzed (the large European metropolitan urban regions), but also to distinguish between their centers and peripheries. The paper also starts out from the premise of the pathological character of the urban processes characterized by sprawl from the sustainability perspective. For this purpose the interaction existing between land consumption and a number of urban sustainability indicators, such as mobility, energy consumption and the generation of CO2 will be studied. In parallel, the degree of monocentrism or polycentrism of the study areas will be analyzed, in order to validate the hypothesis advanced in the European policy guidelines relating to the improved environmental performance of polycentric metropolitan systems over those characterized by the macrocephaly of a single center.
On the stability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and its climate impact during Late Neogene

Variations in the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) were involved in the occurrences of Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3). The stability of the AMOC to North Atlantic freshwater perturbations is studied using a comprehensive climate model under MIS3 boundary conditions. An AMOC stability diagram constructed from a series of equilibrium freshwater perturbation experiments reveals a highly non-linear dependence of AMOC strength on freshwater forcing. The MIS3 baseline state is remarkably unstable with respect to minor perturbations. The global climate signal associated with a change in AMOC strength is consistent with a transition from an interstadial to a stadial state including an annual-mean surface air temperature drop of ~8 K in central Greenland. We suggest that minor freshwater perturbations in the hydrologic cycle, e.g. related to ice-sheet processes, had the potential to trigger D-O-type climate shifts associated with a threshold in the atmosphere-ocean system.
Acidification of endocytic vesicles by an ATP-dependent proton pump

One of the early events in the pathway of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the acidification of the newly formed endocytic vesicle. To examine the mechanism of acidification, we used fluorescein-labeled alpha 2- macroglobulin (F-alpha 2M) as a probe for endocytic vesicle pH. Changes in pH were determined from the change in fluorescein fluorescence at 490-nm excitation as measured with a microscope spectrofluorometer. After endocytosis of F-alpha 2M, mouse fibroblast cells were permeabilized by brief exposure to the detergent digitonin. Treatment with the ionophore monensin or the protonophore carbonyl cyanide p- trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) caused a rapid increase in the pH of the endocytic vesicle. Upon removal of the ionophore, the endocytic vesicle rapidly acidified only when MgATP or MgGTP was added. Neither ADP nor the nonhydrolyzable analog, adenosine 5'-(beta, gamma- imido)triphosphate (AMP-PNP) could support acidification. The ATP- dependent acidification did not require a specific cation or anion in the external media. Acidification was insensitive to vanadate and amiloride but was inhibited by Zn2+ and the anion transport inhibitor diisothiocyanostilbene disulfonic acid (DIDS). We also examined the acidification of lysosomes with the permeabilized cell system, using fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran as probe. DIDS inhibited the ATP- dependent reacidification of lysosomes, although at a lower concentration than that for inhibition of endocytic vesicle reacidification. These results demonstrate that endocytic vesicles contain an ATP-dependent acidification mechanism that shares similar characteristics with the previously described lysosomal proton pump.
The immune response genes of the major histocompatibility gene complex code for surface antigens (Ia) now believed to be involved in the interaction

The immune response genes of the major histocompatibility gene complex code for surface antigens (Ia) now believed to be involved in the interaction between T cells and accessory or "antigen-presenting" cells (1, 2). Whilst some groups suggest that Ia antigens present on subpopulations of mononuclear phagocytes are involved in T cell activation (1-4), others have presented evidence for the involvement of a separate Ia + cell population (5-8) now generally referred to as dendritic cells. The in vivo correlate of the isolated antigen-presenting dendritic cell is not yet clear. The availability of a specific monoclonal antibody against mouse dendritic cells (9) will be helpful in clarifying this question. One obvious candidate is the Ia + "interdigitating cell" that has been described in thymus and in T cell-dependent areas of lymphoid organs (10-15). However, whilst the isolated splenic dendritic cell has virtually none of the functional characteristics of a mononuclear phagocyte (6), it has been suggested that interdigitating cells are members of the mononuclear phagocyte system and are related to epidermal Langerhans cells and similar cells . found in afferent lymphatics (14). Apart from T cell activation during an immune response, macrophages have also been implicated in the control of hematopoiesis in the bone marrow (1620), the differentiation of thymocytes in the thymus (21),. proliferation and keratinization of squamous epithelial cells (Langerhans cells [22-24]), and the antibody response of B lymphocytes to T-independent antigens (25). In order to determine the roles of mononuclear phagocytes and other cells in these systems, it is necessary to have reliable surface markers analogous to those that have delineated subclasses of T lymphocytes (26). F4/80 is a hybridoma that secretes a noncytotoxic rat IgG2b directed against a 160-kdalton plasma membrane antigen of mouse mononuclear phagocytes (27). The antigen is similar in * Supported in part by the Medical Research Council, U. K. * Present address: Dept. of Medicine and Clinical Science, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Woden Valley Hospital, Garran, A.C. T. , Australia. Abbreviations used in this paper: ABC, avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex; BCG, bacillus CalmetteGuerin.
The Mononuclear Phagocyte System of the Mouse Defined by Immunohistochemical Localization of Antigen F 4 / 8 0 : Macrophages of Bone and Associated Connective Tissue

SUMMARY The macrophage-specific antigen F4/80 has been localized in adult mouse bone and connective tissue. F4/80 positive cells form the centre of haemopoietic islands, line the periosteal and subendo-steal bone surfaces and are a major component of connective tissue and the synovial membrane (presumptive type A cells). F4/80 is absent from fibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts and a subpopulation of synovial lining cells (presumptive type B cells).
Rupture history of 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa earthquake inferred from near‐fault strong motion data and its impact to the practice of ground strong motion prediction

The spatiotemporal rupture history of the 2014 South Napa earthquake is constrained using near‐fault strong motion records. An aggressive source parameterization with 1372 subfaults is adopted to match the signals in the transverse components up to 4 Hz. The result reveals that the rupture of the Napa earthquake initiated at a depth of 9.84 km and propagated mainly to north‐northwest (NNW) and updip on a 13 km long fault patch. A gradual increase in average rise time when the rupture propagates to shallower depth is observed. However, it is the rupture of a small (Mw 4.9), isolated, and high stress drop fault patch that excited the largest ground acceleration at stations south of the epicenter. Such fine‐scale rupture heterogeneity shall be considered during seismic hazard analysis.
Polar Lakes and Rivers - Limnology of Arctic and Antarctic Aquatic Ecosystems

Preface 1. Introduction to the limnology of high latitude lake and river ecosystems 2. Origin and geomorphology of lakes in the Polar Regions 3. High latitude palaeolimnology 4. The physical limnology of high latitude lakes 5. High latitude rivers and streams 6. Ice-based freshwater ecosystems 7. Antarctic subglacial water: origin, evolution and ecology 8. Biogeochemical processes in high latitude lakes and rivers 9. Phytoplankton and primary production 10. Benthic primary production in polar lakes and rivers 11. Heterotrophic microbial processes in polar lakes 12. Microbial biodiversity and biogeography 13. Zooplankton and zoobenthos in high-latitude water bodies 14. Fish in high latitude Arctic lakes 15. Food web relationships and community structures in high latitude lakes 16. Direct human impacts on high latitude lakes and rivers 17. Future directions in polar limnology Glossary Index
Efficacy of Tolvaptan in Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure With Refractory Hyponatremia. Clinical Experience in Daily Practice

membrana extracorpórea en la miocarditis con shock cardiogénico refractario: resultados iniciales de una experiencia pionera en España. Med Clin (Barc). 2013;140:232–3. 5. Moreno I, Soria A, López Gómez A, Vicente R, Porta J, Vicente JL, et al. Oxigenador de membrana extracorpóreo en 12 casos de shock cardiogénico tras cirugı́a cardiaca. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2011;58:156–60. 6. Stevenson LW, Pagani FD, Young JB, Jessup M, Miller L, Kormos RL, et al. INTERMACS profiles of advanced heart failure: the current picture. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2009;28:535–41.
Applications of Fracture Theory to Instability Co-seismic Fault Problem

Abstract: Co-seismic earthquake faults can be treated as cracks of fracture theory in the framework of continuum mechanics. It is well known that the instability of the faults leads to earthquakes, and the relevant problem can be explored through the fracture theory. There are many factors influencing the instability such as tectonic stresses, geology structure and so on. In this work, we discuss the effects of geometry, interaction between faults and the speed of nucleation and co-seismic process. For single fault, the closed formulations of fracture theory is simpler; for two collinear faults, the analytic solution is available; while for two parallel faults the semi-analysis is approximate with finite element/boundary element method. The theoretical prediction is compared with the observation data of Xingtai earthquake 1966, Hejian earthquake 1967, Tangshan-Luanxian earthquake 1976 and Wenchuan earthquake 2008.
Dating gold deposition in a Carlin-type gold deposit using Rb/Sr methods on the mineral galkhaite

Significant effort has been expended in an attempt to date hydrothermal activity that generated Carlin-type gold deposits (CTDs) in the Great Basin of Nevada. Thus far, these efforts have been only partially successful, because the relationship(s) between the dated mineral and hydrothermal activity are equivocal in many cases. Galkhaite, a trace component of at least four CTDs in Nevada, contains significant amounts of Rb and virtually no Sr, making it an ideal candidate for radiometric dating. At the Getchell deposit, galkhaite is paragenetically late, but clearly associated with gold mineralization. Our data place gold mineralization at Getchell at 39.0 ± 2.1 Ma. This is the first unequivocally gold-related date produced for any of the Carlin-type systems. Galkhaite also has been reported at the Carlin, Rodeo, and Betze deposits and is likely present in other CTDs in Nevada. This mineral may provide a solution to the conundrum of dating of CTDs.
K-glypican: a Novel Gpi-anchored Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan That Is Highly Expressed in Developing Brain and Kidney

Glypicans are a family of glycosylphosphati-dylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). The glypican family, which currently includes glypican, the developmentally regulated rat intestinal transcript OCI-5, and cerebroglycan, is characterized by a similar core protein size and almost complete conservation of cysteine residues. By RT-PCR using degenerate oligonucleotide primers based on the sequence homologies, we isolated mouse cDNA encoding a novel member of the glypican family as well as mouse homologues of glypican and OCI-5. The novel molecule, named K-glypican, has a predicted molecular mass of 57.5 kD and potential attachment sites for heparan sulfate chains and a GPI anchor in its COOH-terminal region, like other members of the glypican family. Transfection of an epitope-tagged full-length K-glypican cDNA into MDCK cells demonstrated that K-glypican is indeed expressed as a GPI-anchored HSPG. Northern blot analyses with K-glypi-can, glypican, and OCI-5 probes demonstrated that K-gtypican mRNA is highly expressed in the mouse kidney and developing brain, and that these three molecules show remarkable patterns of cell type-and developmental stage-specific expression. In situ hybrid-ization revealed that the major sites of K-glypican expression in developing embryo are tubular epithelial cells in the kidney and proliferating neuroepithelial cells in the brain. These results indicate that K-glypican is a novel GPI-anchored HSPG involved in embryonic development. H EPARAN sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) 1 are thought to be involved in a variety of biochemical and biological processes such as cell adhesion, modulation of growth factor activities, blood coagulation, and lipid metabolism HSPGs occur at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. Four types of cell surface HSPGs have been identified by molecular cloning (Bernfield et al., 1992; David, 1993). Syndecans are a family of transmembrane HSPGs with highly conserved cytoplasmic domains (Bernfield et al., 1992). Beta-glycan, also known as the type III TGF-13 receptor, is a transmembrane proteoglycan carrying both heparan and chondroitin sulfate chains (L6pez-Casillas et al., 1991; Wang et al., 1991). A subtype of CD44 has been shown to exist as an HSPG in some epithelial cells (Brown et al., 1991). Finally, glypican and glypican-like molecules form a The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper are available from EMBL/Genbank/DDBJ under accession number X83577. family of cell surface HSPGs that are anchored to cell membranes by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage. Glypican was first characterized and molecularly cloned in human fibroblasts (Lories et al., 1987; David et al., 1990). In fibroblasts, glypican has a 62-kD …
Detection of Circulating Endothelial Cells in Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

The cause and pathogenesis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) are still not clearly defined. It has been believed that the inciting cause is primary endothelial cell injury, intravascular platelet agglutination, or a concurrence of both (1). In this study, we measured the circulating endothelial cells (EC) in venous blood from one patient with TTP during acute illness and after he achieved sustained remission. EC were isolated and counted using S-Endo l, and EC specific monoclonal antibody coupled to micro-magnetic beads as previously describ ed (2). A Zl-year-old woman was admitted with headaches, confusion and spontaneous bruising. A blood count revealed that the haemoglobin was 66 gll, the reticulocytes were 8"/", the platelet count was 9 x 10efi. A peripheral-blood smear demonstrated marked fragmentation of red cells. Renal function was normal, latic dehydrogenase was 1,239 mU/ml. Coagulation studies revealed no evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Tests for human immunodeficiency virus and antinuclear antibody were negative.
Immunolocalization of transforming growth factor beta during wound repair in rat retina after laser photocoagulation.

BACKGROUND Scatter photocoagulation induces regression of retinal neovascularization, but the mechanism of its therapeutic effect is incompletely understood. To elucidate the mechanism of therapeutic effect of photocoagulation is the main focus of our research. We have already demonstrated basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) immunolocalization during retinal wound repair following laser photocoagulation. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) reportedly inhibits endothelial cell growth and bFGF-induced cell proliferation in vitro. In the present study, we evaluated the immunohistochemical localization of TGF-beta 1 and -beta 2 during wound repair in the rat retina following laser photocoagulation. METHODS Krypton laser photocoagulation was performed on the eyes of pigmented rats. The eyes were then enucleated on day 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 or 56 following the photocoagulation and enrolled into the analysis of immunohistochemical localization of TGF-beta 1 and -beta 2. RESULTS Immunoreactivity for TGF-beta 1 and -beta 2 was present in the ganglion cell layer and photoreceptor outer segments of the normal adult rat retina. The cytoplasm of RPE cells at the photocoagulated lesion showed intense TGF-beta 1 and -beta 2 immunoreactivity on day 3 after laser photocoagulation. Macrophages that migrated into the lesion lacked positive staining for TGF-beta 1 and -beta 2. TGF-beta immunoreactivity in RPE cells continued to be upregulated for more than 1 month compared with that in normal RPE cells. Controls did not exhibit any positive staining. CONCLUSION An elevated expression of TGF-beta immunoreactivity for a longer period of time than bFGF was observed in RPE cells at the photocoagulated lesion in vivo. In the late phase of retinal wound repair, TGF-beta may inhibit cell proliferation induced by mitogens, introduce an end stage of cellular events, and induce extracellular matrix induction.