Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adiabatic Processes for Charged AdS Black Hole in the Extended Phase Space

In the extended phase space, a general method is used to derive all the possible adiabatic processes for charged AdS black hole. Two kinds are found, one is zero temperature adiabatic process which is irreversible, the other is isochore adiabatic process which is reversible. For the zero temperature adiabatic expansion process, entropy is increasing; pressure, enthalpy, Gibbs free energy and internal energy are decreasing; system's potential energy is transformed to the work done by the system to the outer system. For the isochore adiabatic process, entropy and internal energy are fixed; temperature, enthalpy and Gibbs free energy are proportional to pressure; during the pressure increasing process, temperature is increasing and system's potential energy is transformed to its kinetic energy. Comparing these two adiabatic processes with those in normal thermodynamic system, we find that the zero temperature adiabatic process is much like the adiabatic throttling process(both are irreversible and with work done), the isochore adiabatic process is much like a combination of the reversible adiabatic process (both with fixed entropy) and the adiabatic free expansion process (both with fixed internal energy).
Overlaps between obstructive sleep apnoea and other respiratory diseases, including COPD, asthma and interstitial lung disease

In the past, there was limited research relating to the role of sleep in respiratory diseases. Physicians treating these patients tended to focus mainly on the daily disabling symptoms, overlooking the possible significant role of coexisting sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Nowadays, OSA has been recognised as an important, highly prevalent comorbidity for respiratory diseases such as COPD, asthma and interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Overlap syndrome refers to the coexistence of chronic respiratory disease and OSA in the same patient. Although, in the past, overlap syndromes have been poorly studied, recent data underline that they result in increased morbidity and mortality compared with either underlying disorder alone. OSA and respiratory disease may be of different severity, and this, along with the existence of various clinical phenotypes, points to the necessity of an individualised therapeutic plan. Early recognition and OSA management could offer key benefits, such as improved sleep, quality of life and disease outcomes. Educational aims Describe pathophysiological aspects of OSA in chronic respiratory diseases such as COPD, asthma and ILDs. Understand the bidirectional clinical importance when OSA coexists in chronic respiratory diseases. Review current knowledge of treatment strategies towards an individualised therapeutic plan resulting in patient-centric outcomes. Obstructive sleep apnoea seems to be a common disorder in patients with respiratory disease, affecting the clinical outcomes of both diseases. Early detection and management are essential to improve morbidity and mortality in these patients. https://bit.ly/3SiuJH8
Non-Invasive and Real-Time Monitoring of the Breast Cancer Metastasis Degree via Metabolomics

Simple Summary Breast cancer (BC) is a serious threat to women’s health and metastasis is the major cause of BC-associated mortality. Failure to detect and remove occult micrometastases limits the control of tumor recurrences. More precise non-invasive strategy needs to be developed for the detection of the tumor metastasis in lymph nodes and distant organs. Here, we suppose that the metabolomic method can be used to achieve non-invasive and real-time monitoring of BC metastatic status. We firstly described the metastatic status of BC mouse models with different tumor-bearing times. Secondly, metabonomics analysis and metastasis-related changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) were performed in tumor-bearing mice with different metastatic states. The results showed that TME evolution can establish a link between metabolomics characteristics and tumor metastatic status. Finally, the changes of differential metabolite levels were also preliminarily confirmed in clinical BC samples and found that metabolite lysoPC (16:0) can be used for clinical N-stage diagnosis, and the possible causes of its changes was analyzed through bioinformatics technology. Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is a serious threat to women’s health and metastasis is the major cause of BC-associated mortality. Various techniques are currently used to preoperatively describe the metastatic status of tumors, based on which a comprehensive treatment protocol was determined. However, accurately staging a tumor before surgery remains a challenge, which may lead to the miss of optimal treatment options. More severely, the failure to detect and remove occult micrometastases often causes tumor recurrences. There is an urgent need to develop a more precise and non-invasive strategy for the detection of the tumor metastasis in lymph nodes and distant organs. Based on the facts that tumor metastasis is closely related to the primary tumor microenvironment (TME) evolutions and that metabolomics profiling of the circulatory system can precisely reflect subtle changes within TME, we suppose whether metabolomic technology can be used to achieve non-invasive and real-time monitoring of BC metastatic status. In this study, the metastasis status of BC mouse models with different tumor-bearing times was firstly depicted to mimic clinical anatomic TNM staging system. Metabolomic profiling together with metastasis-related changes in TME among tumor-bearing mice with different metastatic status was conducted. A range of differential metabolites reflecting tumor metastatic states were screened and in vivo experiments proved that two main metastasis-driving factors in TME, TGF-β and hypoxia, were closely related to the regular changes of these metabolites. The differential metabolites level changes were also preliminarily confirmed in a limited number of clinical BC samples. Metabolite lysoPC (16:0) was found to be useful for clinical N stage diagnosis and the possible cause of its changes was analyzed by bioinformatics techniques.
Interindividual variability in metabolic adaptation of non-exercise activity thermogenesis after a 1-year weight loss intervention in former elite athletes

ABSTRACT Lack of efficacy of weight loss(WL) interventions is attributed in-part to low adherence to dietary/physical activity(PA) recommendations. However, some compensation may occur in PA as a response to energy restriction such as a decrease in non-exercise PA(NEPA) or non-exercise activity thermogenesis(NEAT). The current study aim was (1) to investigate whether adaptive thermogenesis(AT) in NEAT occurs after WL, and (2) to understand the associations of these compensations with WL. Ninety-four former athletes [mean±SD, age: 43.0±9.4y, BMI: 31.1±4.3 kg/m2, 34.0% female] were recruited and randomly assigned to intervention or control groups (IG, CG). The IG underwent a one-year lifestyle WL-intervention; no treatments were administered to the CG. PA was measured using accelerometery and NEAT was predicted with a model including sample baseline characteristics. AT was calculated as measuredNEAT4mo/12mo (kcal/d)–predictedNEAT4mo/12mo (kcal/d)-measuredNEATbaseline (kcal/d)–predictedNEATbaseline (kcal/d). Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to assess fat-free mass and fat mass. No differences were found in the IG for NEAT or NEPA after WL. Considering mean values, AT was not found for either group. The SD of individual response (SDIR) for AT was −2(4-months) and 24(12-months) (smallest worthwhile change = 87kcal/d), suggesting that the interindividual variability regarding AT in NEAT is not relevant and the variability in this outcome might reflect a large within-subject variability and/or a large degree of random measurement error. No associations were found between AT in NEAT and changes in body composition. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms behind the large variability in AT observed in NEAT and related changes in NEPA to better implement lifestyle-induced WL interventions. Highlights No significant differences were found for non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) or non-exercise physical activity (NEPA) after the weight loss (WL) intervention; Although a large variability was found for NEAT and NEPA, the interindividual variability regarding these outcomes is not relevant. The variability in these outcomes might reflect a large within-subject variability and/or a large degree of random measurement error; Although no energy conservation was observed in NEAT after moderate WL (mean values), further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms behind the large variability in adaptive thermogenesis observed in NEAT and related changes in NEPA to better implement lifestyle-induced WL interventions. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03031951.
Scalable Kernel $k$-Means With Randomized Sketching: From Theory to Algorithm

Kernel <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq2-3222146.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-means is a fundamental unsupervised learning in data mining. Its computational requirements are typically at least quadratic in the number of data, which are prohibitive for large-scale scenarios. To address these issues, we propose a novel randomized sketching approach SKK based on the circulant matrix. SKK projects the kernel matrix left and right according to the proposed sketch matrices to obtain a smaller one and accelerates the matrix-matrix product by the fast Fourier transform based on the circulant matrix, which can greatly reduce the computational requirements of the approximate kernel <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq3-3222146.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-means estimator with the same generalization bound as the exact kernel <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq4-3222146.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-means in the statistical setting. In particular, theoretical analysis shows that taking the sketch dimension of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sqrt{n}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:msqrt></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq5-3222146.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> is sufficient for SKK to achieve the optimal excess risk bound with only a fraction of computations, where <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq6-3222146.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> is the number of data. The extensive experiments verify our theoretical analysis, and SKK achieves the state-of-the-art performances on 12 real-world datasets. To the best of our knowledge, in randomized sketching, this is the first time that unsupervised learning makes such a significant breakthrough.
Spectral performance of WFIRST/AFTA bandpass filter prototypes

The current baseline for the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope Astrophysics Focused Telescope Assets (WFIRST/AFTA) instrument includes a single wide-field channel instrument for both imaging and spectroscopy. The only routinely moving part during scientific observations for this wide-field channel is the element wheel (EW) assembly. This filter-wheel assembly will have 8 positions that will be populated with 6 bandpass filters, a blank position, and a grism assembly that will consist of a three-element assembly to disperse the central wavelength undeviated for galaxy redshift surveys. All elements in the EW assembly will be made out of fused silica substrates (110 mm diameter) that will have the appropriate bandpass coatings according to the filter designations (Z087, Y106, J129, H158, F184, W149 and Grism). This paper will present and discuss spectral performance (including spectral transmission and surface-figure wavefront errors ) for a subset of the bandpass filter complement that include filters such as Z087, W149, and Grism. These filter coatings have been procured from three different vendors to assess the most challenging aspects in terms of the in-band throughput (> 95 %), out of band rejection (< 10−4), spatial uniformity (< 1% transmission level) and the cut-on and cut-off slopes (≈ 3% for the filters and 0.3% for the grism coatings).
High Plasma Levels of Activated Factor VII-Antithrombin Complex Point to Increased Tissue Factor Expression in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia: A Potential Link with COVID-19 Prothrombotic Diathesis

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causal agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in which coagulation abnormalities and endothelial dysfunction play a key pathogenic role. Tissue factor (TF) expression is triggered by endothelial dysfunction. Activated factor VII-antithrombin (FVIIa-AT) complex reflects indirectly FVIIa-TF interaction and has been proposed as a potential biomarker of prothrombotic diathesis. FVIIa-AT plasma concentration was measured in 40 patients (30 males and 10 females; 64.8 ± 12.3 years) admitted with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia during the first pandemic wave in Italy. Two sex- and age-matched cohorts without COVID-19, with or without signs of systemic inflammation, were used to compare FVIIa-AT data. The FVIIa-AT plasma levels in COVID-19 patients were higher than those in non-COVID-19 subjects, either with or without inflammation, while no difference was observed among non-COVID-19 subjects. The association between COVID-19 and FVIIa-AT levels remained significant after adjustment for sex, age, C-reactive protein, renal function, fibrinogen, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. Our results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection, at least during the first pandemic wave, was characterized by high FVIIa-AT levels, which may suggest an enhanced FVIIa-TF interaction in COVID-19, potentially consistent with SARS-CoV-2-induced endotheliopathy.
Ultrafast carrier dynamics in core and core/shell CdSe quantum rods: Role of the surface and interface defects

Femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy, in the visible spectral range, is used to study fast processes after photoexcitation in quantum confined wurtzite CdSe core and CdSe/ CdS/ ZnS core/shell nanorods. Effectivemass theory is applied to assign the energy levels in linear absorption spectra. Sequential bleaching of the excitonic states and photoinduced absorption are observed in the transmission difference spectra. A strong difference was found between the core and core/shell samples. In fact, in the transient transmission difference spectra, the decay time of the higher energy states is faster in the core than in the core/shell samples 200 fs versus 500 fs, due to the trapping in the unpassivated surface states of the bare core. Stimulated emission SE has been achieved in CdSe core and core/shell quantum rods at room temperature. As a striking feature, the SE is sustained for a shorter time in the core/shell sample 25 ps compared with the core sample 50 ps . W e demonstrate that this result is due to the competition between SE and photoinduced absorption from defect states in the midgap of the core/shell sample. Such midgap states are related to the formation of extended defects at the core/shell interface, due to lattice strain relaxation.
Social sustainability in supply chains: the role of local practices and informal networks

PurposeThe study aims to investigate cultural aspects in supply chains, analysing the effect that local customs may have in the quality of buyer–supplier relationships. Building on the premisses of social exchange theory (SET), it concentrates on the impacts that suppliers’ use of local practices and informal networks may have in buyers’ attitudes and perceptions. The issues addressed and the empirical evidence provided represent initial, yet important steps in the fulfilment of the ‘cultural void’ within supply chain social sustainability (SCCS) literature.Design/methodology/approachThrough a role-playing experiment applied to a total sample of 468 participants, the effects of Chinese guanxi, Russian blat, South Korean yongo and Brazilian jeitinho on buyers’ satisfaction, buyers’ commitment, trust and solution severity are measured by their use to access informal networks as solutions to both common (i.e. documentation irregularities) and extraordinary (i.e. modern slavery) supply chain problems.FindingsResults show that, while the activation of informal networks may impact buyers’ perceptions, the use of some local practices by suppliers (i.e. Chinese guanxi and Brazilian jeitinho) cause greater variations in buyers’ attitudes and perceptions than others (i.e. South Korean yongo and Russian blat), with ethical offences (i.e. modern slavery) and higher levels of buyers’ dependency acting as catalysts of these processes.Originality/valueThe investigation of cultural practices typical of economically peripheral countries contributes to the understanding of new facets of buyer–supplier relationships, with the investigation of non-Northwestern practices being particularly important in this regard.
High-efficiency and full-space manipulation of electromagnetic wave-fronts with metasurfaces

Metasurfaces offered great opportunities to control electromagnetic (EM) waves, but currently available meta-devices typically work either in pure reflection or pure transmission mode, leaving half of EM space completely unexplored. Here, we propose a new type of metasurface, composed by specifically designed meta-atoms with polarization-dependent transmission and reflection properties, to efficiently manipulate EM waves in the full space. As a proof of concept, three microwave meta-devices are designed, fabricated and experimentally characterized. The first two can bend or focus EM waves at different sides (i.e., transmission/reflection sides) of the metasurfaces depending on the incident polarization, while the third one changes from a wave bender for reflected wave to a focusing lens for transmitted wave as the excitation polarization is rotated, with all these functionalities exhibiting very high efficiencies (in the range of 85%-91%). Our findings significantly expand the capabilities of metasurfaces in controlling EM waves, and can stimulate high-performance multi-functional meta-devices facing more challenging and diversified application demands.
FLUX STATE IN THE DOUBLE-EXCHANGE MODEL

We study the ground state properties of the double-exchange systems. The phase factor of the hopping matrix elements arises from $t_{2g}$ spin texture in two or more dimensions. A novel ``flux'' state is stabilized against the canted antiferromagnetic and spiral spin states. In a certain range of hole doping, the phase separation occurs between the ``flux'' state and antiferromagnetic states. Constructing a trial state which provides the rigorous upper bound on the ground state, we show that the metallic canted antiferromagnetic state is not stable in the double exchange model.
Spatial range of conformity

Context. Properties of galaxies, such as their absolute magnitude and stellar mass content, are correlated. These correlations are tighter for close pairs of galaxies, which is called galactic conformity. In hierarchical structure formation scenarios, galaxies form within dark matter haloes. To explain the amplitude and spatial range of galactic conformity two-halo terms or assembly bias become important. Aims. With the scale dependent correlation coefficients, the amplitude and spatial range of conformity are determined from galaxy and halo samples. Methods. The scale dependent correlation coefficients are introduced as a new descriptive statistic to quantify the correlations between properties of galaxies or haloes, depending on the distances to other galaxies or haloes. These scale dependent correlation coefficients can be applied to the galaxy distribution directly. Neither a splitting of the sample into subsamples, nor an a priori clustering is needed. Results. This new descriptive statistic is applied to galaxy catalogues derived from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III and to halo catalogues from the MultiDark simulations. In the galaxy sample the correlations between absolute magnitude, velocity dispersion, ellipticity, and stellar mass content are investigated. The correlations of mass, spin, and ellipticity are explored in the halo samples. Both for galaxies and haloes a scale dependent conformity is confirmed. Moreover the scale dependent correlation coefficients reveal a signal of conformity out to 40 Mpc and beyond. The halo and galaxy samples show a differing amplitude and range of conformity.
The alpha -element abundances in the most oxygen-poor planetary nebula PNG 135.9+55.9

We present extensive new spectroscopy and imaging of PNG 135.9+55.9. We use these data as constraints to pho- toionization models to derive limits on the oxygen abundance. We find that PNG 135.9+55.9 has an oxygen abundance less than 1/50 of the solar value. Our models favour a value of 12+ log O=H between 5.8 and 6.5 dex, confirming that PNG 135.9+55.9 is the most oxygen-poor planetary nebula known (Tovmassian et al. 2001). We also derive Ne=O= 0:5 0:3, S=O< 0:094, and Ar=O < 0:23. Although the value of Ne/O is nominally high, it need not imply that the progenitor of PNG 135.9+55.9 converted any of its initial oxygen abundance to neon. The helium abundance appears to be very low, He=H 0:08, but a pre- cise determination will require a much more detailed study. We find that H=H is lower than expected and perhaps variable, a finding for which we have no clear explanation.
Sterile neutrinos with secret interactions—cosmological discord?

Several long-standing anomalies from short-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments—most recently corroborated by new data from MiniBooNE—have led to the hypothesis that extra, “sterile”, neutrino species might exist. Models of this type face severe cosmological constraints, and several ideas have been proposed to avoid these constraints. Among the most widely discussed ones are models with so-called “secret interactions” in the neutrino sector. In these models, sterile neutrinos are hypothesized to couple to a new interaction, which dynamically suppresses their production in the early Universe through finite-temperature effects. Recently, it has been argued that the original calculations demonstrating the viability of this scenario need to be refined. Here, we update our earlier results from \arXivid{1310.6337} [JCAP 10 (2015) 011] accordingly. We confirm that much of the previously open parameter space for secret interactions is in fact ruled out by cosmological constraints on the sum of neutrino masses and on free-streaming of active neutrinos. We then discuss possible modifications of the vanilla scenario that would reconcile sterile neutrinos with cosmology.
Valence quark distributions in the pion

We calculate the pion's valence-quark momentum-fraction probability distribution using a Dyson-Schwinger equation model. Valence quarks with an active mass of 0.30 GeV carry 71% of the pion's momentum at a resolving scale q{sub 0}=0.54 GeV=1/(0.37 fm). The shape of the calculated distribution is characteristic of a strongly bound system and, evolved from q{sub 0} to q=2 GeV, it yields first, second, and third moments in agreement with lattice and phenomenological estimates, and valence-quarks carrying 49% of the pion's momentum. However, pointwise there is a discrepancy between our calculated distribution and that hitherto inferred from parametrizations of extant pion-nucleon Drell-Yan data.