Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anthropometric-Somatotype and Strength Profiles and On-Water Performance in Turkish Elite Kayakers

The aim of this study was to investigate some physical and stre ngth characteristics and relationships of these characteristics with performance of Turkish national flatwater kayak team male athletes. Eleven male Turkish national team paddlers, mean (SD) age 21,5 (2,16) years old, participated in this investigation. Testing was conducted over 5 days and included anthropometric, somatotype measurements and strength, running and flatwater kayak tests (2 00 m., 500 m., 1000 m.). Anthropometric assessments taken were the measurement s of body mass, stature, the sum of four skinfolds and estimated percent body fat. Girth measurements and bone breadths were taken to allow the calculat ion of somatotype using the Heath-Carter procedure. Pearson product moment correl ations were employed to determine the relationship of all parameters with f latwater kayak performance. The significant negative correlations were found b etween 500 m. and 1000 m. performance times and body weight (respectively; r=0.78 , p<0.05 and r=0.71, p<0.05). The significant negative correlations were fou nd between 1 RM bench row and 200 m. and 500 m. performance times (respectively ; r=0.68, p<0.05 and r=0.80, p<0.01). Significant relationships with 200 m. time were found for the biceps and flexed biceps girth (respectively, r=-0.70, p<0.05, and r=-0.80, p<0.01). Significant relationships with 500 m. time were found for the biceps, flexed biceps and thigh girth (respectively; r=-0.76, p<0.01, r=-0.86, p<0.01 , r=-0.81, p<0.01). Physical characteristics of Turkish national flatwater kayak team athletes were found similar when compared to international class flatwater kayakers from different countries except upper body dimensions. Because of the strong r elationships between upper body dimensions and flatwater kayak performance; the training of Turkish flatwater kayakers should be more focused on improving upper bo dy musculature and strength.key words: anthropometry, flatwater kayak, somatotype, strength
Analysis of the Impact of M&A Goodwill on a Firm's Total Factor Productivity

Using A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2008 to 2020 as the original sample, this paper focuses on the impact of M&A goodwill and on the total factor productivity of firms, so as to gain an in-depth understanding of the profound effect of M&A goodwill on firms. The main findings of this paper are: (1) M&A goodwill is negatively related to total factor productivity, i.e., it significantly reduces the total factor productivity of firms. (2) The mechanisms by which M&A goodwill affects firms' total factor productivity are: first, M&A goodwill changes asset allocation decisions, and second, it increases firms' executive compensation and Over-indebtedness. The research in this paper is based on a new perspective of M&A goodwill, which enriches and extends the micro foundations of total factor productivity theory. It also provides a detailed empirical analysis of the association between M&A goodwill and corporate total factor productivity from the perspective of listed companies as a whole, which is innovative. The further analysis of the relevant reasons remedies the lack of understanding of this aspect in the previous literature. In addition, the findings of this paper provide reflections and policy implications from three perspectives: firms themselves, regulators and investors.
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) Expression in Colorectal Carcinoma: A Potential Area of Focus for Future Diagnostics

Objective In this study, we aimed to explore the potential diagnostic utility of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression in colorectal carcinoma. We investigated the association of HER2 expression with the type and grade of the tumor along with the pattern, staining intensity, and the percentage of cells stained. Methods This was an observational study involving 50 cases of colorectal carcinoma that underwent immunohistochemistry to analyze the HER2 expression. Results The positive expression of HER2 was seen in 16 (32%) cases. The majority of the study population was between the fifth-seventh decades of life. The most commonly diagnosed tumor was conventional adenocarcinoma with grade II, cytoplasmic pattern, +2 positivity, and moderate intensity. The maximum positivity for HER2 was seen in tumors of the rectum in eight (16%) cases. Conclusion A substantial rate of HER2 overexpression paves the way for it to become a potential future target in cancer therapeutics.
ADOLESAN İDİYOPATİK SKOLYOZDA EV EGZERSİZ PROGRAMINA EKLENEN SCHROTH EĞİTİMİNİN VÜCUT ALGISINA ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ

One of the main purposes of scoliosis treatments is to eliminate cosmetic defect caused by the three-dimensional deformity. Three-dimensional exercise therapy aims to limit or reduce curve progression, optimize muscle balance, provide postural awareness and re-establish body symmetry. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of supervised Schroth therapy added to the home exercise program on body perception in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Thirty-one patients diagnosed with AIS were divided into two groups: home exercise group and Schroth group. The exercises of the Schroth method were given to the home exercise group as a home program for 12 weeks. In the Schroth group, in addition to the home program, a 3-dimensional exercise therapy was applied according to the Schroth method for 24 sessions (2 days a week for 12 weeks) in the clinic. Evaluations were performed before and after treatment. Body perception was assessed by the patient, family, and physiotherapist using the Walter Reed Visual Assessment Scale (WRVAS) and the Trunk Appearance Perception Scale (TAPS). Twelve patients (8 girls,4 boys) with a mean age of 14±2.99 years were included in the home exercise group, and 19 patients (15 girls,4 boys) with a mean age of 14.79±2.76 years in the Schroth group. While all body perception scores in the Schroth group improved
Angelica keiskei (Ashitaba) has potential as an antithrombotic health food

Angelica keiskei (Ashitaba) is a large perennial herb that is native to the Pacific coast of Japan. It has recently become popular as a healthy food in Asian countries because it might have various physiological benefits including antithrombotic properties. Most studies of the bioactive constituents from Ashitaba have focused on the activities of the major chalcones, xanthoangelol and 4-hydroxyderricin. However, other chalcones, flavanones and coumarins have also been isolated from Ashitaba, precisely characterized, and investigated in vivo. Platelets play a key role in haemostasis and wound healing processes. Dysregulated platelet activity is associated with the progression of platelet aggregation and decreased venous blood flow, which results in thrombotic diseases. A minor chalcone, xanthoangelol E, inhibits TXB2 synthesis in rabbit platelets, which seems to be the source of the belief that Ashitaba has antithrombotic properties. However, recent data showed that xanthoangelol and 4-hydroxyderricin inhibited the aggregation of rabbit platelets. Platelet aggregation stimulated by collagen was also inhibited in whole blood incubated with Xanthoangelol or 4-hydroxyderricin. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 is the primary physiological inhibitor of tissue type plasminogen activator, a key protease of the fibrinolytic system. An increase in plasma of this inhibitor is associated with thrombotic conditions. Ashitaba yellow exudate inhibited the elevation of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in mice induced by obesity or chronic low-grade inflammation. These studies showed the yellow exudate from stem cuttings and chalcones isolated from Ashitaba roots and leaves might have antithrombotic activity. This article reviews the possible antithrombotic properties of Ashitaba.
Melatonin prevents the dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota in sleep-restricted mice by improving oxidative stress and inhibiting inflammation

Background: Intestinal inflammation caused by sleep restriction (SR) threatens human health. However, radical cure of intestinal inflammatory conditions is considerably difficult. This study focuses on the effect of melatonin on SR-induced intestinal inflammation and microbiota imbalance in mice. Methods: We successfully established a water platform to induce long-term SR in mice for 28 days with or without melatonin supplementation. The SR-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory changes were evaluated in plasma and jejunum tissue samples using in vitro assays. Additionally, changes in the intestinal microbiota were explored using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Results: After 20 h of chronic sleep restriction for 28 consecutive days, plasma melatonin was significantly reduced by 48.91% (P < 0.05), while GLU, NE, and CORT were significantly increased (34.32%–90.28%, P < 0.05). The activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT) and T-AOC in intestinal tissues of SR mice were decreased (17.02%–40.92%, P < 0.05), while the content of MDA was increased (15.12%, P = 0.0089). The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) ware increased (65.27%–123.26%, P < 0.05), while the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IFN-γ) were decreased (26.53%–60.41%, P < 0.05). High-throughput pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA from jejunum samples demonstrated an overall increase in the number of OTUs (30.68%, P = 0.015). The α-diversity (Shannon, ACE and Chao1) of jejunum was increased (28.18%–48.95%, P < 0.05), and the β-diversity (PCoA and NMDS) was significantly different from that of the control group (P = 0.001). Furthermore, the prevalences of Helicobacter and Clostridium were higher, whereas that of Bacteroidetes and Lactobacillus were lower in SR mice than in controls (P < 0.05). However, melatonin supplementation reversed the SR-induced changes and improved oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and microbiota dysbiosis in the jejunum, and there was not significant difference compared with the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Melatonin prevents the dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota in SR mice by improving oxidative stress and inhibiting inflammation. Our results may provide a theoretical basis for conducting clinical research on insufficient sleep leading to intestinal health in humans and hence facilitate a better understanding of the role of melatonin.
Metabolism of Aldoximes and Nitriles in Plant-Associated Bacteria and Its Potential in Plant-Bacteria Interactions

In plants, aldoximes per se act as defense compounds and are precursors of complex defense compounds such as cyanogenic glucosides and glucosinolates. Bacteria rarely produce aldoximes, but some are able to transform them by aldoxime dehydratase (Oxd), followed by nitrilase (NLase) or nitrile hydratase (NHase) catalyzed transformations. Oxds are often encoded together with NLases or NHases in a single operon, forming the aldoxime–nitrile pathway. Previous reviews have largely focused on the use of Oxds and NLases or NHases in organic synthesis. In contrast, the focus of this review is on the contribution of these enzymes to plant-bacteria interactions. Therefore, we summarize the substrate specificities of the enzymes for plant compounds. We also analyze the taxonomic and ecological distribution of the enzymes. In addition, we discuss their importance in selected plant symbionts. The data show that Oxds, NLases, and NHases are abundant in Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. The enzymes seem to be important for breaking through plant defenses and utilizing oximes or nitriles as nutrients. They may also contribute, e.g., to the synthesis of the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid. We conclude that the bacterial and plant metabolism of aldoximes and nitriles may interfere in several ways. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to better understand this underexplored aspect of plant-bacteria interactions.
Analysis of Potential Hub Genes for Neuropathic Pain Based on Differential Expression in Rat Models

Objective Neuropathic pain (NP) is a type of intractable chronic pain with complicated etiology. The exact molecular mechanism underlying NP remains unclear. In this study, we searched for molecular biomarkers of NP. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were predicted by analyzing three NP-related microarray datasets in Gene Expression Omnibus with robust rank aggregation. A weighted gene coexpression network analysis was conducted to construct a network of differentially expressed genes, followed by the evaluation of correlations between gene sets and the determination of hub genes. The candidate genes from the key module were identified using a gene set enrichment analysis. Results In total, 353 upregulated and 383 downregulated genes were obtained, among which five hub genes were determined to be related to pain phenotypes. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to verify the expression of these hub genes in the dorsal root ganglia of rats with spared nerve injury, which revealed the decreased expression of EMC4. Hence, EMC4 was defined as a biomarker for NP development. Conclusions The results of this study form a basis for further research into the mechanism of NP development and are expected to aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in 10 Years: Contribution of Basic Research and Clinical Application in Cancer Immunotherapy

Targeting immune evasion via immune checkpoint pathways has changed the treatment paradigm in cancer. Since CTLA-4 antibody was first approved in 2011 for treatment of metastatic melanoma, eight immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) centered on PD-1 pathway blockade are approved and currently administered to treat 18 different types of cancers. The first part of the review focuses on the history of CTLA-4 and PD-1 discovery and the preclinical experiments that demonstrated the possibility of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 as anti-cancer therapeutics. The approval process of clinical trials and clinical utility of ICIs are described, specifically focusing on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in which immunotherapies are most actively applied. Additionally, this review covers the combination therapy and novel ICIs currently under investigation in NSCLC. Although ICIs are now key pivotal cancer therapy option in clinical settings, they show inconsistent therapeutic efficacy and limited responsiveness. Thus, newly proposed action mechanism to overcome the limitations of ICIs in a near future are also discussed.
In vitro culture of chicken and mouse embryo-derived cells

Mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells can be maintained in vitro without loss of pluripotency in the presence of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Germline competent mES cells can be genetically modified in vitro and used to make transgenic mice via chimaeras. Germline competent chicken ES (chES) cells would be a powerful tool for the production of transgenic chickens. ES cells have, been isolated from primates and mice but attempts from other species have been unsuccessful. Novel ES cell isolation strategies have been tested using inbred mouse strains. Using standard techniques, mES cells cannot be isolated from CBA strain embryos whereas they can be isolated from 129Sv strain embryos. A vital function of LIF in mES cells is activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). LIF also activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/ extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEKIERK) pathway that appears to promote differentiation. LIF is a member of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines that includes ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). Manipulation of IL-6 family signals is a new approach to mES cell isolation that may be applied to development of methods for ,chES cell isolation. Prior to investigation of new approaches, standard mES cell isolation was performed. chES cells were not isolated in conditions adapted from standard mES cell isolation. A new approach involving the manipulation of LIF-mediated signals was evaluated in mES cell isolation experiments. The drug PD98059 inhibits the MEKJERK
Impact of a Multimodal Analgesia Protocol in an Intensive Care Unit: A Pre-post Cohort Study

Introduction Opioids are the mainstay of pain management in critically ill patients. However, recent attention to their adverse effects in the intensive care unit (ICU) has led to the use of strategies that aim to reduce these side effects. Among these strategies, there are multimodal analgesia protocols, which prioritize pain management and employ a combination of different analgesics to spare excessive doses of opioids and sedatives in continuous infusion. Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of a multimodal analgesia protocol on clinical outcomes and consumption of sedatives and analgesics in two intensive care units. Methods We conducted a single-center, quasi-experimental, retrospective, and prospective cohort study comparing clinical outcomes and consumption of sedatives and analgesics before and after the implementation of a multimodal pain management protocol in critically ill adult patients. We included 465 patients in 2017 (pre-intervention group) and 1508 between 2018 and 2020 (post-intervention group). Results In the analysis of the primary outcome, there was a significant reduction in mortality between 2017 and 2020 (27.7% - 21.7%, p=0.0134). There was no statistical difference in mechanical ventilation time or concerning the infection rate. Patients who received the multimodal analgesia protocol had a decrease of 24% regarding mean fentanyl intake and a progressive reduction in morphine milligram equivalents (MME) (8.4% - 19%). There was an increasing trend in the use of adjuvant analgesics and morphine in preemptive and therapeutic analgesia. Conclusion The implementation of a multimodal pain control protocol significantly reduced morbidity and mortality and the use of opioids in the ICU.
In Vitro Biocompatibility of Several Children’s Toothpastes on Human Gingival Fibroblasts

The European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry has recommended fluoride toothpastes from the eruption of the first teeth in children. Toothpastes stay in the mouth in contact with human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) for a long time. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of five different commonly used children’s toothpastes: Oral B Kids +3 (Procter & Gamble, Alicante, Spain), Fluor Kin Calcium (Kin, Madrid, Spain), PHB Junior (PHB, Barcelona, Spain), Colgate +3 (Colgate Palmolive, Madrid, Spain) and Vitis Kids (Dentaid, Valencia, Spain) on hGFs. The children’s toothpastes were exposed to hGFs at different concentrations (1:1, 1:2, 1:4). Afterwards, several tests were performed: MTT assays, cell cycle analyses, cell cytoskeleton staining assays, apoptosis/necrosis assays, and ICP-MS and ion chromatography. Oral B displayed the lowest cytotoxicity and was the toothpaste with the highest fluoride ion release; meanwhile, the other toothpastes were cytotoxic (*** p < 0.0001); Fluor Kin being the one with the lowest fluoride ion release. Among all the toothpastes analyzed, Oral B exhibited the best results in vitro in terms of biocompatibility. Future evaluations, both in vitro and in vivo, are required to confirm the biocompatibility of sodium lauryl sarcosinate and sodium lauryl sulfate containing toothpastes.
Effects of Regional Thermal State on the Crustal Annulus Relaxation of Lunar Large Impact Basins

The Moon reveals striking asymmetries in the crustal structure and chemical composition between its nearside and farside. With the gravity‐based crustal thickness model, we find that most large impact basins with rim diameters greater than 450 km on the nearside have no crustal annulus, which is instead common for basins on the farside. Previous impact hydrodynamic simulations show that the thermal state has significant influences on the impact cratering process. However, the effects of the thermal state on the long‐term post‐impact relaxation, not well studied, may be equally important for explaining the different crustal annulus structures between the nearside and farside basins. In this work, we export crustal structure and impact‐induced thermal anomaly from impact hydrodynamic simulations to subsequent post‐impact viscoelastic relaxation models, and vary the near‐surface temperature gradient and radiogenic element content (represented by Th content as a proxy) to explore influences of the crustal thermal state on the post‐impact relaxation of the annulus. Our modeling results indicate that as the basin structure starts with a relatively hot state and cools afterwards, a prolonged high‐temperature (>1,200 K) duration of the crustal annulus is required for its effective relaxation, which corresponds to a high near‐surface temperature gradient or Th content of the crust. More specifically, a near‐surface temperature gradient greater than 30 K/km in combination with a Th content of 4 ppm for the bulk crust (or a Th content of 10 ppm for a 10 km‐thick KREEP layer underlying the crust), likely representing the early thermal state of the nearside, can produce the complete annulus relaxation. In contrast, a near‐surface temperature gradient lower than 20 K/km with a crustal Th content of 1 ppm, possibly representing the thermal state of the lunar farside, produces limited relaxation. Our modeling results show that the thermal state of the lunar crust controls the final crustal annulus structure of impact basins, which can explain the different crustal annuli of large impact basins between the nearside and farside of the Moon.
Do leaf nitrogen resorption dynamics align with the slow‐fast continuum? A test at the intraspecific level

1. The links between internal nitrogen recycling through the process of resorp tion from senescing leaves, whole- plant resource- use strategies and perfor mance remain elusive. Indeed, tests of such potential linkages are hampered by the classical evaluation of plant nitrogen resorption efficiency (RE N ) based on ‘snapshots’ of leaf nitrogen concentration from adult and senescent leaves. 2. We significantly increased the resolution for measuring leaf nitrogen resorption by non- destructively tracking time courses of nitrogen concentration in leaves of 137 natural Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes native to a wide range of climates across Europe, grown in a greenhouse. In addition to the classical measurement of
Theoretical analysis of linear array antenna of stacked patches

A linear four-element stacked array antenna is analyzed. It is observed that stacked element array antenna shows marked improvement in the bandwidth and gain over the single-element array antenna. The bandwidth of the stacked antenna array improves to 14.8% over the 4% bandwidth of the single-element array antenna, whereas the radiated power is enhanced by 0.82 dB as compared to the single-element array antenna. It is further observed that the resonance frequency, gain and directivity are highly dependent on the thickness and permittivity of the upper substrate.
Variation of Entrance Length Effect on EHD Gas Pump Performance

The effects of entrance length on performance and flow characteristic of EHD gas pump has been experimentally examined in this study. A 61.8mm-in-diameter EHD gas pump with eight evenly spaced emitting electrodes and flush mounted on the tube inner wall is used for this investigation. The experiment is conducted for two applied voltages 19 kV and 20kV with positive polarity. Several (L/D) ratios are used aiming at picking the appropriate length to achieve highest ionic discharge and maximum pump performance. Results show that the lowest (L/D) ratio gives the best pump performance with highest discharge managed.