Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Direct and New Construction of Near-Optimal Multiple ZCZ Sequence Sets

In this paper, for the first time, we present a direct and new construction of multiple zero-correlation zone (ZCZ) sequence sets with inter-set zero-cross correlation zone (ZCCZ) from generalised Boolean function. Tang \emph{et al.} in their 2010 paper, proposed an open problem to construct $N$ binary ZCZ sequence sets such that each of these ZCZ sequence sets is optimal and if the union of these $N$ sets is taken then that union is again an optimal ZCZ sequence set. The proposed construction partially settles this open problem by presenting a construction of optimal ZCZ sequence sets such that their union is a near-optimal ZCZ sequence set. Further, the performance parameter of each binary ZCZ sequence set in the proposed construction is $1$ and tends to $1$ for their union. The proposed construction is presented by a two-layer graphical representation and compared with the existing state-of-the-art. Finally, novel multi-cluster quasi synchronous-code division multiple access (QS-CDMA) system model is provided by using the proposed multiple ZCZ sequence sets.
Control of stress and microstructure in cathodic arc deposited films

The almost fully ionized cathodic arc plasma is a versatile source for the deposition of thin films. The ion energies impinging on the growth surface can easily be controlled by the application of substrate bias. The natural energy of the depositing ions is moderate (/spl sim/10s eV) and generates substantial compressive stress in most materials. In hard materials such as tetrahedral-carbon and titanium nitride the high yield stress makes the problem particularly severe. Work has shown that stress relaxation can be achieved by pulses of high ion energy bombardment (/spl sim/10 kV) applied to the substrate during growth. In this paper we describe the variation of intrinsic stress as a function of applied pulsed bias voltage (V) and pulse frequency (f) for the deposition of carbon and titanium nitride films. We show that the stress relaxation depends on the parameter Vf, so that it is possible achieve the same level of stress relief for a range of voltages by selecting appropriate pulsing frequencies. With the right choice of parameters it is possible to almost completely eliminate the intrinsic stress and deposit very thick coatings. Our experimental results show correlations between intrinsic stress and film microstructures, such as the preferred orientation. This leads to the possibility of controlling microstructure with high energy ion pulsing during growth. Molecular dynamics computer simulations of isolated impacts provide insight into the atomic scale processes at work. Using the results of such simulations, we describe a model for how the stress relief might take place, based on relaxation in thermal spikes occurring around impact sites of the high-energy ions.
In adults aged ≥65 y with head injuries, use of warfarin, but not DOACs, was associated with delayed ICH

SOURCE CITATION Liu S, McLeod SL, Atzema CL, et al. Delayed intracranial hemorrhage after head injury among elderly patients on anticoagulation seen in the emergency department. CJEM. 2022;24:853-61. 36242733.
A Career Preparation Course for Biomedical Science Majors Focused on Skills for Diverse Career Paths

Training in career preparation is vital for biomedical science, microbiology, and related life science undergraduates to know the types of careers available in the field, to obtain employment after graduation, and to be successful in these careers. This is especially critical for historically marginalized students who have lower science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) retention and lower STEM employment rates. ABSTRACT Training in career preparation is vital for biomedical science, microbiology, and related life science undergraduates to know the types of careers available in the field, to obtain employment after graduation, and to be successful in these careers. This is especially critical for historically marginalized students who have lower science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) retention and lower STEM employment rates. Thus, we developed a career preparation course aimed for second- and third-year students in biomedical science, microbiology, biology, and related majors. This course introduced students to diverse careers via guest speakers and provided training and practice in key career skills, like writing CVs and cover letters. In this curriculum article, we present our course curriculum and resources, evidence of student achievement of learning objectives, and evidence that this course supported growth in constructs like science networking and confidence in future self, which are known to support student STEM retention and success.
Diurnal Circulation of the Bolivian Altiplano. Part I: Observations

In July and August 2003 a field campaign was conducted to explore the diurnal circulation of the Bolivian Altiplano. Vertical soundings by remote-controlled aircraft yielded profiles of temperature, pressure, and humidity at six passes and in a valley. Pilot balloon observations provided wind profiles. Two permanent stations collected additional data. Typically, inflow toward the Altiplano commences a few hours after sunrise at about the time when the stable nocturnal layer near the ground is transformed by the solar heating into an almost neutrally stratified convective boundary layer. The depth of the inflow layer is comparable to but normally less than that of this boundary layer. There are indications of return flow aloft. The inflow continues at least until sunset. Moisture is imported at the passes leading to the Yungas in the east. Strong upvalley flows were found in the valley of the Rio de La Paz, which connects the wide canyon of La Paz with the tropical lowlands to the east. Inflow was absent at one of the passes despite favorable synoptic conditions. Cases of synoptically forced flows are presented as well where the diurnal signal is difficult to separate. A simple flow scheme is presented that fits the observations reasonably well.
Epitaxial quantum dots: a semiconductor launchpad for photonic quantum technologies

Abstract. Epitaxial quantum dots formed by III–V compound semiconductors are excellent sources of non-classical photons, creating single photons and entangled multi-photon states on demand. Their semiconductor nature allows for a straightforward combination with mature integrated photonic technologies, leading to novel functional devices at the single-photon level. Integrating a quantum dot into a carefully engineered photonic cavity enables control of the radiative decay rate using the Purcell effect and the realization of photon–photon nonlinear gates. In this review, we introduce the basis of epitaxial quantum dots and discuss their applications as non-classical light sources. We highlight two interfaces—one between flying photons and the quantum-dot dipole, and the other between the photons and the spin. We summarize the recent development of integrated photonics and reconfigurable devices that have been combined with quantum dots or are suitable for hybrid integration. Finally, we provide an outlook of employing quantum-dot platforms for practical applications in large-scale quantum computation and the quantum Internet.
A machine learning approach to predict the hospital length of stay after kidney surgery

The analysis of the hospital length of stay could provide a new perspective in the design of strategies to optimize the patients’ management, the clinical operations, and, not least, improve the overall healthcare service quality perceived by both patients, healthcare staff, and healthcare administrators and decision-makers. In the case of kidney injuries, the possibility to predict the length of stay is crucial for ensuring proper management of the patients undergoing surgical interventions. It is therefore significant for clinicians to have the option to anticipate the length of stay of patients and to deal with the main features influencing it to decrease the hospital length of stay. In this work we center around patients undergoing kidney surgery. Information was gathered from more than 3000 cases of kidney surgeries at the national hospital "A.O. R.N. Antonio Cardarelli" of Naples. A machine learning approach has been proposed to classify and predict the LOS of patients undergoing kidney surgery, and the tested algorithms have been assessed and compared in terms of performance metrics. Best predictive models have been identified and described in view of their potential impact in the improvement of the kidney surgery management procedures.
Vascularized Bone Graft Reconstruction for Upper Extremity Defects: A Review

Abstract Upper extremity reconstruction may pose clinical challenges for surgeons due to the often-critical, complex functional demands of the damaged and/or missing structures. The advent of vascularized bone grafts (VBGs) has aided in reconstruction of upper extremity (UE) defects due to their superior regenerative properties compared with nonvascularized bone grafts, ability to reconstruct large bony defects, and multiple donor site options. VBGs may be pedicled or free transfers and have the potential for composite tissue transfers when bone and soft tissue are needed. This article provides a comprehensive up-to-date review of VBGs, the commonly reported donor sites, and their indications for the treatment of specific UE defects.
Method for Essential Protein Prediction Based on the Naïve Bayesian Classifier and Bioinformation Fusion

In this article, a novel approach called EPNBC has been proposed by combining the biological information with the naïve Bayesian classifier and PageRank algorithm to predict potential essential proteins. In EPNBC, the naïve Bayesian classifier is used to process the original PPI network, and a new protein interaction network with more interaction relationships is obtained. Then, two similarity matrices were obtained by using Gaussian interaction profile kernel similarity based on the protein interaction relationship and gene expression data, and a weighted protein interaction network was obtained. The improved PageRank algorithm was used to score the nodes in the network and output the protein scores in descending order. Experimental results showed that EPNBC was superior to dozens of other methods in identifying essential proteins.
IDENTIFICATION OF CONDITIONAL STOCHASTIC GAUSSIAN FIELD

A general fonnulation is presented based on the maximum likelihood method to identify the best estimator of a stochastic Gaussian field when the observation is made at discrete spatial points. The uncertainty of the estimator in tenns of the uncertainty of the stochastic field and in the observation noise are discussed, and the updating of the estimator's mechanism by observation is clarified. Two methodologies, that is, a simple kriging method and an extended Kalman filtering procedure are derived as special solutions of the general fonnulation. The method developed here may be applied to updating a general stochastic finite-element method (FEM) system by observation, where the system consists of a stochastic field of elastic moduli or loading forces or both, and the observation may be for elastic moduli and/or displacements at finite spatial points. A numerical example is carried out with a beam on a continuous elastic foundation, and the efficiency and practical appli­ cability of the method are demonstrated.
Convergence in GDP per Capita in the Euro Area and the EU at the Time of COVID-19

Abstract This paper investigates determinants of convergence in GDP per capita in the euro area and the EU between 1995 and 2021. It finds that the COVID-19 crisis temporarily slowed convergence but the estimated negative impact is significantly smaller than during the global financial crisis. Diverging effects emerged linked to the timing of the pandemic, the tightness of lockdown measures and the importance of contact-intensive sectors in the economy, like tourism. However, the easing of lockdown measures coupled with policy support (including the successful vaccination strategy) mitigated the risks of a pandemic-driven persistent divergence in growth. Regression results provide further evidence of convergence in the euro area and the EU over the period 1995-2021 and highlight the slowdown in convergence since the global financial crisis, which can be mostly attributed both to a contraction in investment rates in converging countries and to the limited catch-up in total factor productivity growth, especially in euro area countries.
Treatment patterns and outcomes among patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) in Europe: a retrospective cohort study

Objective Describe characteristics, treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Design Retrospective chart review study defining several cohorts: (1) limited-stage disease (LD) SCLC initiating 1L therapy (1 L LD-SCLC), (2) extensive-stage disease (ED) SCLC initiating 1L therapy (1L ED-SCLC) and (3) patients initiating 2L therapy. Setting 39 physicians (medical oncologists, thoracic oncologists and/or pulmonologists) from France, Italy and the UK. Participants Patients >18 years of age with a confirmed diagnosis of LD-SCLC or ED-SCLC and a full oncology medical history. Patients included initiated a 1L (2013–2015) or 2L (2013–2016) treatment (chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy—RT). Primary and secondary outcome measures Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results 231 patients in 1L LD-SCLC, 308 in 1L ED-SCLC and 225 with relapse/refractory SCLC initiating 2L treatment were included. The proportion of men was higher across all groups (56.8% to 68.5%) and mean age at time of diagnosis was 66.0 and 65.4 years in 1L LD-SCLC and 2L ED-SCLC cohorts. The majority of patients in LD-SCLC 1L group received chemotherapy with RT (76.2%). Patients initiating 2L therapy predominantly received chemotherapy alone (79.6%). Median OS in 1 L patients was 17.3 months in LD-SCLC and 8.8 months in ED-SCLC. Median PFS was 11.6 months in LD-SCLC and 6.1 months in ED-SCLC patients. Median OS in patients initiating 2L treatment was 6.6 months. OS from start of 2L treatment was lower in patients initially diagnosed with ED (5.1 months) than in patients initially diagnosed with LD (9.3 months) (p<0.0001). OS and PFS were assessed from the start of 1L or 2L therapy, depending on the cohort. Conclusions Despite the availability of a high number of treatments and combinations, the prognosis of SCLC is still unsatisfactory, especially for those patients diagnosed with ED-SCLC, indicating high unmet need in this patient population.
Quantum cryptography and authentication with low key-consumption

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD - also referred to as Quantum Cryptography) is a technique for secret key agreement. It has been shown that QKD rigged with Information-Theoretic Secure (ITS) authentication (using secret key) of the classical messages transmitted during the key distribution protocol is also ITS. Note, QKD without any authentication can trivially be broken by man-in-the-middle attacks. Here, we study an authentication method that was originally proposed because of its low key consumption; a two-step authentication that uses a publicly known hash function, followed by a secret strongly universal2 hash function, which is exchanged each round. This two-step authentication is not information-theoretically secure but it was argued that nevertheless it does not compromise the security of QKD. In the current contribution we study intrinsic weaknesses of this approach under the common assumption that the QKD adversary has access to unlimited resources including quantum memories. We consider one implementation of Quantum Cryptographic protocols that use such authentication and demonstrate an attack that fully extract the secret key. Even including the final key from the protocol in the authentication does not rule out the possibility of these attacks. To rectify the situation, we propose a countermeasure that, while not information-theoretically secure, restores the need for very large computing power for the attack to work. Finally, we specify conditions that must be satisfied by the two-step authentication in order to restore information-theoretic security.
General topology optimization method with continuous and discrete orientation design using isoparametric projection

A general topology optimization method, which is capable of simultaneous design of density and orientation of anisotropic material, is proposed by introducing orientation design variables in addition to the density design variable. In this work, the Cartesian components of the orientation vector are utilized as the orientation design variables. The proposed method supports continuous orientation design, which is out of the scope of discrete material optimization approaches, as well as design using discrete angle sets. The advantage of this approach is that vector element representation is less likely to fail into local optima because it depends less on designs of former steps, especially compared with using the angle as a design variable (Continuous Fiber Angle Optimization) by providing a flexible path from one angle to another with relaxation of orientation design space. An additional advantage is that it is compatible with various projection or filtering methods such as sensitivity filters and density filters because it is free from unphysical bound or discontinuity such as the one at θ = 2π and θ = 0 seen with direct angle representation. One complication of Cartesian component representation is the point‐wise quadratic bound of the design variables; that is, each pair of element values has to reside in a given circular bound. To overcome this issue, we propose an isoparametric projection method, which transforms box bounds into circular bounds by a coordinate transformation with isoparametric shape functions without having the singular point that is seen at the origin with polar coordinate representation. A new topology optimization method is built by taking advantage of the aforementioned features and modern topology optimization techniques. Several numerical examples are provided to demonstrate its capability. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sources of anisotropy in the Reynolds stress tensor in the stable boundary layer

Data collected by 12 sonic anemometers over the Plaine Morte Glacier (Swiss Alps) during the Snow Horizontal Arrays Turbulence Study are used to investigate sources of anisotropy in the Reynolds stress tensor for stable boundary layers. A coarse‐graining approach is applied to evaluate transfers of kinetic energy across scales, and internal gravity waves (IGWs) are detected with a suitable criterion. Both approaches are combined with a classification of anisotropy based on the barycentric map of 1 min Reynolds stress tensors. A wind‐speed threshold is found that discriminates between regimes with a different dominant topology of the Reynolds stress tensor. One‐component and isotropic states are frequent for low wind speed and strong stratification, whereas two‐component axisymmetric states dominate the high wind speed regime with strong vertical shear. Results suggest that the presence of IGWs is mostly responsible for one‐component states, and additionally influences the relative amount of kinetic and potential energy in the perturbation field. To provide supporting evidence, a complementary analysis of a clean IGW detected during a field campaign in Dumosa (Australia) is presented. This case study highlights how waves contribute to drive the Reynolds stress tensor towards the one‐component limit. Cases are shown where a linear detrending procedure may be effective in filtering out waves and avoid their spurious contributions in turbulence statistics.
Variational cluster approach to the Hubbard model on a honeycomb lattice

We study the ground-state properties of the Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice at half filling. Using the variational cluster approximation, We study the semimetal-insulator transition and antiferromagnetism as functions of the on-site Coulomb interaction U. When U is switched on, a small, but finite, single-particle gap appears; thus, we conclude that a tiny gap appears with arbitrary small U > 0. With further increases in U, the system goes into the antiferromagnetic state. We find that the staggered magnetization increases continuously with increasing U and that the antiferromagnetic phase transition is of the second order.
Revisiting the influence of individual factors on heat exchange during exercise in dry heat using direct calorimetry

What is the central question of this study? The aim was to identify the greatest contributor(s) to the variation in whole‐body heat exchange, as assessed using direct calorimetry, among young men and women with heterogeneous characteristics during exercise at increasing metabolic heat production rates in dry heat. What is the main finding and its importance? The evaporative heat loss requirement, body morphology and aerobic fitness made the greatest contributions to the individual variation in evaporative and dry heat exchange, with the variance explained being exercise intensity dependent. These findings provide a foundation on which to build our ability to explain the individual variation in heat exchange during exercise‐induced heat stress.
Metabolic impact of trans 10, cis 12-conjugated linoleic acid on pai transgenic mice

Trans 10, cis 12-conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12-CLA) from ruminant-derived foodstuffs can induce body fat loss in mammals after oral administration, while its mechanism on fat reduction has yet to be clarified fully until now. In the current study, a transgenic mouse that produced t10c12-CLA had been generated by inserting the Propionibacterium acnes isomerase (Pai) expression cassette into the Rosa26 locus, and its male offspring were used to decipher an irreversible long-term impact of t10c12-CLA on health and its mechanism of action. Compared to their wild-type C57BL/6J littermates, comprehensive phenotype profiling of biallelic pai/pai mice indicated that white fat was decreased while brown fat was increased reversely; meanwhile, more heat was released and the central activities were reduced. Besides decreased plasma triglycerides in both pai genotypes and increased serum FGF21 in pai/wt mice, RNA and protein analysis revealed that the fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis capacity of brown adipose tissues were elevated via CPT1B and UCP1/2 over-expression. The results indicate that the t10c12-CLA-induced fat loss might be caused by the excess FGF21 and the increased mass and extra thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue in transgenic mice.
VLBI observations of the maser emission in the four ground-state OH transitions from W3(OH) and Sgr B2

We have obtained accurate, relative positions of the maser emission in all four ground-state OH transitions from W3(OH) with VLBI observations. All ground-state OH maser emission comes from the vicinity of the compact H ii region; however, the strongest maser features at 1612 and 1667 MHz do not coincide with any clusters of the very intense 1665-MHz emission. These results suggest that the different OH transitions are pumped under similar, but not identical, physical conditions. A comparison of total-power spectra taken over nearly a 15-yr time span shows some changes, but suggests that most OH maser features have lifetimes greater than several decades. The four ground-state OH masers of Sgr B2 were totally resolved and have apparent sizes greater than 0.05 arcsec. Such large sizes are probably a result of interstellar plasma scattering.