Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activating Thick Buried p-GaN for Device Applications

Many emerging GaN electronic and optoelectronic devices comprise p-GaN layers buried below n-GaN or AlGaN. The activation of these buried p-GaN layers usually relies on the lateral hydrogen diffusion through the etched mesa sidewalls, which is known to induce nonuniform acceptor distributions. However, the acceptor profile, electric field (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-field) blocking capability, and leakage current mechanisms of the sidewall activated p-GaN layer have not been fully understood. This work addresses these knowledge gaps by fabricating vertical GaN p-n diodes with a thick (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.8~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) p-GaN. Two activation schemes were performed to allow the hydrogen diffusion through sidewalls and the top surface. For the sidewall activation, an analytical model was developed to depict the spatial distribution of the activated acceptor and the temporal evolution of this distribution with the increased annealing time. This model was validated using the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> characteristics of the fabricated diodes with various radii. Under reverse biases, the breakdown <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-field and leakage current of the sidewall-activated diodes were found to be determined only by the edge area with the highest activation efficiency. The leakage mechanism agrees with the trap-assisted tunneling (TAT) model, and the peak junction <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-field can exceed 3 MV/cm, both being similar to those of surface-activated diodes. These results provide critical information for the design and processing of advanced GaN devices with the buried p-GaN.
Effect of Exercise Instructions With Ambulatory Accelerometer in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: a Randomized Control Trial

This study aimed to investigate the effects of physical therapists’ exercise instructions in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Thirty-six participants were recruited from the outpatient clinic at Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Osaka, Japan from June 2020 to September 2020 and were randomly assigned to either the non-intervention or intervention group. The intervention group received exercise instructions from physical therapists for 30 min at baseline (week 0) and at week 4 by referring to ambulatory accelerometer records. Laboratory parameters, physical activity, body composition, motor skill, and transtheoretical model were assessed in both the groups at baseline (week 0) and week 8. In week 8, patients in the intervention group had a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c levels compared with those in the non-intervention group (7.3% [6.8-%–7.9%] vs. 7.4% [7.3%–7.7%], P = 0.04). The number of steps per day (P = 0.001), energy expenditure (P = 0.01), lower extremity muscle strength (P = 0.002), and 6-min walk test results (P = 0.04) were significantly increased in the intervention group compared with those in the non-intervention group in week 8. The transtheoretical model varied between baseline (week 0) and week 8 only in the intervention group (P < 0.001). Thus, outpatient exercise instructions from physical therapists could improve glycemic control owing to physical activity by improving motor skills and changing the transtheoretical model in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Emergent Bilingual Students’ Small Group Read-Aloud Discussions

ABSTRACT Our qualitative case study aimed to identify how four second-grade emergent bilingual students and their teacher engaged with listening comprehension during interactive read-aloud discussions with more and less culturally relevant books, and how this intersected with the teacher’s use of culturally relevant and sustaining pedagogical tenets. Data included cultural relevance ratings for each book discussed, and videos of nine 20-minute lessons (3 per book) and their transcriptions. A combination of a priori and emergent codes were used to code the transcripts. Constant comparative method was used to identify themes and sub-themes. Other data sources were used for triangulation. Major findings were that (1) teacher and student engagement differed across discussions with more vs. less culturally relevant books, and (2) how the teacher addressed the tenets of culturally relevant and sustaining pedagogy varied by tenet and discussion, but was not related to whether the book being discussed was culturally relevant or not. Implications include that teachers should use both more and less culturally relevant texts for interactive read-alouds, with the teacher attending to tenets of culturally relevant and sustaining pedagogy.
Coordinated Adaptation of Reference Vectors and Scalarizing Functions in Evolutionary Many-Objective Optimization

It is highly desirable to adapt the reference vectors to unknown Pareto fronts (PFs) in decomposition-based evolutionary many-objective optimization. While adapting the reference vectors enhances the diversity of the achieved solutions, it often decelerates the convergence performance. To address this dilemma, we propose to adapt the reference vectors and the scalarizing functions in a coordinated way. On the one hand, the adaptation of the reference vectors is based on a local angle threshold, making the adaptation better tuned to the distribution of the solutions. On the other hand, the weights of the scalarizing functions are adjusted according to the local angle thresholds and the reference vectors’ age, which is calculated by counting the number of generations in which one reference vector has at least one solution assigned to it. Such coordinated adaptation enables the algorithm to achieve a better balance between diversity and convergence, regardless of the shape of the PFs. Experimental studies on MaF, DTLZ, and DPF test suites demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in solving problems with both regular and irregular PFs.
Emerging themes of research into outdoor teaching in initial formal teacher training from early childhood to secondary education – A literature review

Abstract In the field of school-based outdoor education, researchers claim that pre-service teachers should already be provided with basic knowledge, skills, and methods for teaching curriculum-based content outdoors in their initial schoolteacher training. The present review aims to summarize and structure the variety of topics in the literature regarding outdoor teaching in initial formal schoolteacher training. We analyzed the general characteristics of 46 empirical studies from different regions that investigate skills, content areas, and pedagogical strategies to prepare pre-service teachers from early childhood to secondary education for teaching outdoors. We used deductive-inductive content analysis to identify categories and emerging themes. We identified eight themes in the reviewed studies, of which we detail and discuss the four most frequently mentioned: collaboration, creativity, strategies for outdoor learning and sustainability. We discuss the implications for further research and for teacher training.
Hydrologic Turnover Matters — Gross Gains and Losses of Six First‐Order Streams Across Contrasting Landscapes and Flow Regimes

Gross gains and losses of stream water and the consequent hydrologic turnover may modify the composition of stream water and drive in‐stream ecological functioning. We evaluated over 500 breakthrough curves of conservative tracer additions to analyze the channel water balance resulting in gross gains and losses, net exchange, and hydrologic turnover. During the hydrological year 2019, seven tracer experiments had been carried out in six first‐order streams along 400 m study reaches. All streams are located in the Holtemme catchment (Central Germany) with three each dominated by forested and agricultural land use. Four of the six streams were characterized by net‐losing conditions. The overall median of gross exchange was five times higher than net exchange. On average, subsurface gains replaced 50% of the original stream water over less than one kilometer of stream length. We even observed cases where over 95% of the stream water turned over within 100 m. Gross exchange was relatively higher in forested than in agricultural streams. Patterns of exchange in the forested streams persisted spatially and were temporally independent of streamflow, whereas in the agricultural ones, variable spatial patterns and streamflow dependence occurred. Overall, moderate flow coincided with highest relative gross exchange. Our results support previous findings that in‐stream solute concentrations could heavily depend on location and magnitude of gains and losses. Gross exchange embodies a permanent but variable control of downstream solute concentrations interacting with the signal of biogeochemical activity. We highlight the importance to include reach‐scale hydrological processes in studies on nutrient spiraling.
Analysis of Proteus mirabilis proteins by using SDS-page technique in rheumatoid arthritis patients

This study was aimed to detecting difference in proteins separation by SDS-Page for Proteus mirabilis isolated from urine of non-Rheumatoid arthritis patients have urinary tract infection , urine from Rheumatoid arthritis patients have urinary tract infection. Two hundred (200) urine sample collected from non RA patient30 urine sample from RA patient . These clinical samples were collected and cultured on blood agar and macConky agar. 32 isolates were identified as p. mirabilis by using biochemical test and VITEK 2 system used to complete the identification. The current study used SDS-Page technique for proteins analysis of Proteus mirabilis for both RA patient and non RA patient to detect the differences between them and the result appeared that there are no differences in total protein, insoluble proteins and soluble protein at different pH. Values (6.0, 7.0 & 8.0) at 37 cº, also the result shown differences in the cell –free culture supernatants between Proteus mirabilis from urine of both rheumatoid arthritis patients and non-rheumatoid arthritis patient in pH.8.0 at 37 cº in 7 h. by band appeared in pH.8.0 at 37 cº in 7 h in RA . and there is no band in non RA at the same condition.
Synchronization Mechanism Between Power-Synchronized VS and PLL-Controlled CS and the Resulting Oscillations

Synchronization is the key of AC power system operation, but its mechanism becomes unclear with the large-scale integration of voltage-source converters (VSCs). As an important feature distinguishing VSCs from synchronous generators (SGs), the current-source characteristics of VSCs have hardly been focused from the perspective of synchronization. In this letter, a synchronization mechanism between power-synchronized voltage-source (VS) and PLL-controlled current-source (CS) is clarified. Based on this mechanism, negative damping oscillations of SGs caused by VSCs are disclosed.
Discrepant Parent-Adolescent Reports of Parental Monitoring And Their Relations to Cannabis Use Among Justice-Involved Youth

Increased parental monitoring is protective against cannabis use (CU) for justice involved youth, although discrepancies across parent/adolescent reports of monitoring may confer risk. Baseline data were drawn from two randomized clinical trials (152 adolescents; Mage= 15.9; 68% male). Adolescents reported on past 60-day CU and adolescents and parents completed a measure of parental knowledge, parental solicitation, parental control, and child disclosure. Multiple regression models that varied operationalization of discrepancies were performed, in which CU was predicted from each monitoring construct. Inclusion of main effects of parent and adolescent reports improved prediction of CU, particularly parental knowledge and child disclosure. When operationalized categorically, discrepancies improved prediction of CU for parental knowledge. Discrepancies did not improve prediction of CU for the other aspects of parental monitoring. Findings diverge from previous research on adolescent alcohol use; explanations of findings and implications for treatment are discussed.
Effect of Chronic Oral Exposure to Overdose of Cough Syrups on Rate of DNA Fragmentation in Liver and Brain of Wistar Rats

This study was designed to determine the effect of chronic oral exposure of overdose of cough syrups containing codeine (CSC) and dextromethorphan (DXM) on the rate of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation in the liver and brain of Wistar rats. Forty-five rats divided into 9 groups of 5 rats were used. Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were treated with 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/kg b/w of CSC, and Groups 5, 6, 7, and 8 were treated with the same doses of DXM, respectively for 21 days. Group 9 (control) received distilled water once daily and all the rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the last treatment. DNA analysis was done on the harvested liver and brain. Significant reductions (p < 0.05) in the rate of DNA fragmentation of the liver tissues were observed in all the groups treated with the overdose of cough syrups when compared to the control. However, there was no significant difference in the rate of DNA fragmentation of the brain in all the groups treated with cough syrup as compared to the control. The result indicated that overdose of cough syrup may cause suppressed DNA fragmentation of the liver thereby predisposing the organ to dysfunctions and untimely aging.
Forward Kinematics and Control of a Segmented Tunable-Stiffness 3-D Continuum Manipulator

In this work, we consider the problem of controlling the end effector position of a continuum manipulator through local stiffness changes. Continuum manipulators offer the advantage of continuous deformation along their lengths, and recent advances in smart material actuators further enable local compliance changes, which can affect the manipulator's bulk motion. However, leveraging local stiffness change to control motion remains lightly explored. We build a kinematic model of a continuum manipulator as a sequence of segments consisting of symmetrically arranged springs around the perimeter of every segment, and we show that this system has a closed form solution to its forward kinematics. The model includes common constraints such as restriction of torsional or shearing movement. Based on this model, we propose a controller on the spring stiffnesses for a single segment and provide provable guarantees on convergence to a desired goal position. The results are verified in simulation and compared to physical hardware.
The Differences of Pepsinogen I and H. Pylori Levels in Patients With Gastric Premalignant Lesion

Background: Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide, precancerous lesions is triggered by H. pylori infection and any other factors. Recent reports confirmed that serum pepsinogens are a valuable biomarker gastric cancer even before the discovery of H. pylori. Research Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study involving 80 confirmed patients with Gastric Premalignant Lesion at Adam Malik General Hospital, Permata Bunda General Hospital, Medan, on April-November 2018. These two variables is sought using the Mann Whitney test (normality test P < 0,05). H. pylori were diagnosed by positive result of examination of Carbon-14 urea breath test (C-UBT) or Campylobacter-like organism (CLO). Examination of Pepsinogen I measured by Abbott ARCHITECT Pepsinogen I Reagent Kit (Abbott Laboratories Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Result: Of the 60 participants who confirmed has gastritis premalignant lesion according to the inclusion criteria. From the table of characteristic descriptive, it was found that 48 patients were male (60%) and 32 patients were female (40%). From CLO and 14C-UBT, it was found 35 patients were H. pylori-positive (43,8%) and 45 patients were H. pylori-negative (56,3%). Mean age was 51.03 ± 10.97 years. Mean levels of Pepsinogen I was 44.28 ± 21.77. From the second table, it was found that 35 (43,8%) patients with H. pylori-positive has 47.84 mean levels of Pepsinogen I, and 45 (56,3%) patients with H. pylori-negative has 34,79 mean levels of Pepsinogen I. The results of Mann Whitney's correlation analysis found a significant correlation between Pepsinogen (PG) I and H. Pylori in patients with Gastric Premalignant Lesion (p < 0,05). Conclusion : It was found that there was a correlation between Pepsinogen (PG) I levels and H. Pylori in patients with Gastric Premalignant Lesion (p < 0,05).
Searching in constant time and minimum space

This thesis deals with techniques for minimal space representation of a subset of elements from a bounded universe so that various types of searches can be performed in constant time. In particular, we introduce a data structure to represent a subset of N elements of $\lbrack0,\. ,M-1\rbrack$ in a number of bits close to the information-theoretic minimum and use the structure to answer membership queries in constant time. Next, we describe a representation of an arbitrary subset of points on an $M\times M$ grid such that closest neighbour queries (under $L\sb1$ and $L\sb\infty)$ can be performed in constant time. This structure requires $M\sp2+o(M\sp2)$ bits. Finally, under a byte overlap model of memory we present an $M+o(M)$ bit, constant time solution to the dynamic one-dimensional closest neighbour problem (hence, also union-split-find and priority queue problems) on $\lbrack0,\. ,M-1\rbrack. $
Screening of Cellulolytic Bacteria from Various Ecosystems and Their Cellulases Production under Multi-Stress Conditions

Cellulose represents the most abundant component of plant biomass on earth; it is degraded by cellulases, specific enzymes produced by microorganisms. However, cellulases of bacterial origin attract more interest due to their natural diversity and ability to inhabit a variety of niches, allowing the selection of cellulolytic strains resistant to environmental stresses. The screening of the cellulolytic activity of 398 bacteria isolated from various ecosystems in Algeria (cave, ruins, chott, thermal station, and rhizosphere of arid and semi-arid regions) was performed by the appearance of a hydrolysis zone on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) medium. The cellulase activity on CMC (1%) broth allowed to select 26 strains among which 12 had the best activity (0.3 U/mL to 2.2 U/mL). Optimization of physicochemical parameters (salinity: 0–1 M NaCl; pH: 3, 4, 7, 9, and 11; temperature: 30, 45, and 50 °C; PEG8000: 0 and 30%) involved in growth and cellulose production showed that the majority of strains were mesophilic, neutrophilic, or alkali- tolerant and tolerant to 30% of PEG8000. The cellulase activity and stability under different stress allowed to retain five strains, which the most efficient. Based on the 16S-rRNA sequencing results, they belonged to the genus Bacillus. The physicochemical properties of cellulases (crude extract) showed a CMCase active over a wide range of pH (4 to 11), optimal at 50 °C and 60 °C. The inhibiting salinity effect on the activity was not detected and was negligible on the enzymatic stability. The residual CMCase activity remained between 40 and 70% in a temperature range between 40 and 70 °C, was stable over a wide range of saline concentrations (0–2000 mM), and was weakly affected at 30% of PEG8000. The crude enzyme extract was able to hydrolyze both soluble and insoluble cellulosic substrates. The evaluation of the hydrolysis capacity of lignocellulosic waste revealed the ability of tested strains to degrade wheat bran, barley bran, and corncob. In addition, the enzyme showed significant multi-stress resistance on solid and liquid media. By these characteristics, these cellulolytic bacteria could be attractive to be used in various industrial and biotechnology applications.
On Paradigm of Industrial Big Data Analytics: From Evolution to Revolution

The arrival of the intelligent manufacturing and industrial internet era brings more and more opportunities and challenges to modern industry. Specifically, the revolution of the production mode of traditional manufacturing is undergoing thanks to the techniques including but not limited to digits, network, intelligence, and industrial automation fields. As the core link between intelligent manufacturing and industrial internet platform, industrial Big Data analytics has been paid more and more attention by academia and industry. The efficient mining of the high-value information covered under industrial Big Data and the utilization of the real-life industrial process are among the hottest topics at present. Meanwhile, with the advanced development of industrial automation toward knowledge automation, the learning paradigm of industrial Big Data analytics is also evolving accordingly. Therefore, starting from the perspective of industrial Big Data analytics and aiming at the corresponding industrial scenarios, this article actively explores the revolution of the learning paradigm under the background of industrial Big Data: 1) The evolution of the industry Big Data analytics paradigm is analyzed, that is, from isolated learning to lifelong learning, and their relationships are further summarized; 2) Mainstream directions of lifelong learning are listed, and their applications in industrial scenarios are discussed in detail; 3) Prospects and future directions are given.
Comparison of Haptic and Augmented Reality Visual Cues for Assisting Tele- manipulation

Robot teleoperation via human motion tracking has been proven to be easy to learn, intuitive to operate, and facilitate faster task execution than existing baselines. However, precise control while performing the dexterous telemanipulation tasks is still a challenge. In this paper, we implement sensory augmentation in terms of haptic and augmented reality visual cues to represent four types of information critical to the precision and performance of a telemanipulation task, namely: (1) target location; (2) constraint alert; (3) grasping affordance; and (4) grasp confirmation. We further conduct two user studies to investigate the effectiveness and preferred modality of the sensory feedback against no sensory support, and how the preference will be influenced by the different types of simulated real-world additional workload. We asked 8 participants to perform a general manipulation task using a KINOVA robotic arm. Our results indicate that: (1) the haptic and AR visual cues can significantly reduce the task completion time, occurrences of errors, the total length traversed by the robot end-effector, the operational effort while increasing the interface usability; (2) the haptic feedback trended in the direction of presenting the information that needs a prompt response, while the AR visual cues are suitable to monitor the system status; (3) the participants chose their preferred feedback with the purpose of reducing the cognitive workload despite increased extra effort.