Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Excitation Signal on Double-Coil Inductive Displacement Transducer

A double-coil inductive displacement transducer is a non-contact element for measuring displacement and is widely used in large power equipment systems such as construction machinery and agricultural machinery equipment. The type of coil excitation signal has an impact on the performance of the transducer, but there is little research on this. Therefore, the influence of the coil excitation signal on transducer performance is investigated. The working principle and characteristics of the double-coil inductive displacement transducer are analyzed, and the circuit simulation model of the transducer is established. From the aspects of phase shift, linearity, and sensitivity, the effects of a sine signal, a triangle signal, and a pulse signal on the transducer are compared and analyzed. The results show that the average phase shift, linearity, and sensitivity of the sine signal were 11.53°, 1.61%, and 0.372 V/mm, respectively; the average phase shift, linearity and sensitivity of the triangular signal were 1.38°, 1.56%, and 0.300 V/mm, respectively; and the average phase shift, linearity, and sensitivity of the pulse signal were 0.73°, 1.95%, and 0.621 V/mm, respectively. It can be seen that the phase shift of a triangle signal and a pulse signal is smaller than that of a sine signal, which can result in better signal phase-locked processing. The linearity of the triangle signal is better than the sine signal, and the sensitivity of the pulse signal is better than that of the sine signal.
(GTN XXXIV:8) GRAPHS WITH PALINDROMIC INDEPENDENCE POLYNOMIAL

Let ak(G) be the number of independent sets consisting of k vertices of graph G = (V, E) . Let a be the independence number of G. The polynomial I(G;x) = I~= oa;CG)xiis called the independence polynomial of G. G has palindromic independence polynomial if aa - keG) = ak(G) , k = 0, . , a. In this paper we give a sufficient condition for a graph to have a palindromic independence polynomial and show that it is a generalization of theorems of Godsil-McKay and Gutman. Based on this condition, we give several ways to construct graphs with palindromic independence polynomial. 1. Introductipn Throughoutthis paper we assume that G = (V, E) is a simple graph. Let mk(G) be the number of matchings consisting of k edges of G. Let ak(G) be the number of independent sets consisting of k vertices of G. Let a be the independence number of G. The set lodG denotes the set of all independent sets of vertices of G, including the empty set, 0. The independencepolynomial [1][2] of a graph G, denoted by I(G;x) is defined by a I(G;x) = L xiii = L ak(G)xk. ] E IndG k =0 For V(G) = 0 we define I(G;x) = I. For A ! ::V we write I(A;x) for I(G(A);x) and ak(A) for aiG(A». The polynomial P(x) = L~=Ocixi is palindromic if ci = cn-i' i = 0, I, . , Ln/2j. Therefore, G has a palindromicindependencepolynomialif
ESTIMATION OF COMPETITIVENESS OF OIL AND GAS COMPANIES BASED ON THE NORMATIVE MODEL

The article presents a comparison of competitiveness of two oil and gas companies in Kazakhstan: one of them is national, and the other is private. The companies’ competitiveness has been estimated by a method of rating their financial and economic statuses. Obtained results were compared with results from existing methods, such as Altman's method and a method of condition’s digital function. Results of this research showed relatively high competitiveness of the private company in comparison with competitiveness of the national enterprise. This is explained by higher priority of state interests before economic interests of the national company.
Molecular Interaction Mechanism and Preservative Effect of Lactone Sophorolipid and Lactoferrin/β-Lactoglobulin Systems

Multispectral and molecular docking methods were used to study the interaction mode and mechanism of two important components of whey proteins, lactoferrin (LF) and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), and of a lactone sophorolipid (LSL) mixed system. The preservation effect of the mixed system on milk was also studied and compared. The results showed that the quenching mechanism of LSL on both β-LG and LF was static, but that the non-covalent complexes formed were the result of the different interacting forces: hydrogen bonds and the van der Waals force for the LSL-β-LG system, and electrostatic force for the LSL-LF system. The binding constants of LSL-β-LG and LSL-LF were all relatively small, and the interaction of LSL with β-LG was stronger than its interaction with LF. After adding β-LG, LF, or the mixed system with LSL to the milk, the stability of milk emulsion was effectively improved in all cases, while the preservative ability was effectively enhanced only by the addition of LF or LSL-LF. These results provide supportive data and a theoretical basis for enhancing the production of dairy products and other byproducts.
Imbalance of Essential Metals in Traumatic Brain Injury and Its Possible Link with Disorders of Consciousness

Dysfunction of the complex cerebral networks underlying wakefulness and awareness is responsible for Disorders of Consciousness (DoC). Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a common cause of DoC, and it is responsible for a multi-dimensional pathological cascade that affects the proper functioning of the brainstem and brain consciousness pathways. Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), and Copper (Cu) have a role in the neurophysiology of both the ascending reticular activating system, a multi-neurotransmitter network located in the brainstem that is crucial for consciousness, and several brain regions. We aimed to summarize the role of these essential metals in TBI and its possible link with consciousness alterations. We found that TBI alters many neuronal molecular mechanisms involving essential metals, causing neurodegeneration, neural apoptosis, synaptic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This final pattern resembles that described for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurological and psychiatric diseases. Furthermore, we found that amantadine, zolpidem, and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)—the most used treatments for DoC recovery—seem to have an effect on essential metals-related pathways and that Zn might be a promising new therapeutic approach. This review summarizes the neurophysiology of essential metals in the brain structures of consciousness and focuses on the mechanisms underlying their imbalance following TBI, suggesting their possible role in DoC. The scenario supports further studies aimed at getting a deeper insight into metals’ role in DoC, in order to evaluate metal-based drugs, such as metal complexes and metal chelating agents, as potential therapeutic options.
Conductance Changes of Na+ Channels during the Late Na+ Current Flowing under Action Potential Voltage Clamp Conditions in Canine, Rabbit, and Guinea Pig Ventricular Myocytes

Late sodium current (INa,late) is an important inward current contributing to the plateau phase of the action potential (AP) in the mammalian heart. Although INa,late is considered as a possible target for antiarrhythmic agents, several aspects of this current remained hidden. In this work, the profile of INa,late, together with the respective conductance changes (GNa,late), were studied and compared in rabbit, canine, and guinea pig ventricular myocytes using the action potential voltage clamp (APVC) technique. In canine and rabbit myocytes, the density of INa,late was relatively stable during the plateau and decreased only along terminal repolarization of the AP, while GNa,late decreased monotonically. In contrast, INa,late increased monotonically, while GNa,late remained largely unchanged during the AP in guinea pig. The estimated slow inactivation of Na+ channels was much slower in guinea pig than in canine or rabbit myocytes. The characteristics of canine INa,late and GNa,late were not altered by using command APs recorded from rabbit or guinea pig myocytes, indicating that the different shapes of the current profiles are related to genuine interspecies differences in the gating of INa,late. Both INa,late and GNa,late decreased in canine myocytes when the intracellular Ca2+ concentration was reduced either by the extracellular application of 1 µM nisoldipine or by the intracellular application of BAPTA. Finally, a comparison of the INa,late and GNa,late profiles induced by the toxin of Anemonia sulcata (ATX-II) in canine and guinea pig myocytes revealed profound differences between the two species: in dog, the ATX-II induced INa,late and GNa,late showed kinetics similar to those observed with the native current, while in guinea pig, the ATX-II induced GNa,late increased during the AP. Our results show that there are notable interspecies differences in the gating kinetics of INa,late that cannot be explained by differences in AP morphology. These differences must be considered when interpreting the INa,late results obtained in guinea pig.
A NEW GENETIC ALGORITHM APPLIED TO THE TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM

Genetic algorithms can be applied to a wide class of combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper, we propose an efficientgenetic algorithm (GAs) with some innovative features to solve the traveling salesman problem. We propose a new mutation operator called "Mutation by Extended Elimina- tion", a revised order Crossover and an Elite Selection Method. This algorithm is tested on a set of benchmarks from the TSP-LIB and compared with a pre- viously published GA. The results show the efficiency of the algorithm when applied on both the Traveling Salesman Problem and a scheduling problem from the literature.
Tumor cell-free DNA detection-based liquid biopsy of plasma and bile in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. A pilot study

INTRODUCTION: Plasma liquid biopsy with tumor cell-free DNA detection is one of the most promising technologies in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma diagnosis. Due to low levels of this biomarker in plasma its detectability turns out to be lower than expected. However, some patients with this disease present with biliary obstruction, which enables collection of bile for tumor cell-free DNA analysis. THE AIM: To comparison of diagnostic potential of cell-free tumor DNA detection-based liquid biopsy of plasma and bile in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The pilot study included 15 primary untreated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients with biliary obstruction. Cell-free DNA was isolated from 5 mL of plasma and 5 mL of bile. Tumor cell-free DNA detection was performed using digital droplet PCR with KRAS gene mutations analysis: G12A, G12C, G12D, G12R, G12S, G12V, G13D и Q61H (183A>C), Q61H (183A>T), Q61K, Q61L, Q61R. False-positive droplets threshold was established during the analysis of plasma cell-free DNA samples from 15 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Tumor cell-free DNA was detected in 13 out of 15 bile samples, whereas among paired plasma samples only 9 were positive. All plasma positive samples had a paired positive bile sample. Tumor cell-free DNA levels were statistically significantly higher in bile than in plasma: 538.0 (4.1–1960.0) vs. 4.4 (0–27.6) copies/mL (p=0.005). CONCLUSION: Bile liquid biopsy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients with biliary obstruction is a promising alternative to plasma analysis, due to higher concentrations of tumor cell-free DNA.
Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Modified Nucleosides for Biomarker Discovery in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) accounts for ~75% of kidney cancers. The biallelic inactivation of the von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor gene (VHL) is the truncal driver mutation of most cases of ccRCC. Cancer cells are metabolically reprogrammed and excrete modified nucleosides in larger amounts due to their increased RNA turnover. Modified nucleosides occur in RNAs and cannot be recycled by salvage pathways. Their potential as biomarkers has been demonstrated for breast or pancreatic cancer. To assess their suitability as biomarkers in ccRCC, we used an established murine ccRCC model, harboring Vhl, Trp53 and Rb1 (VPR) knockouts. Cell culture media of this ccRCC model and primary murine proximal tubular epithelial cells (PECs) were investigated by HPLC coupled to triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry using multiple-reaction monitoring. VPR cell lines were significantly distinguishable from PEC cell lines and excreted higher amounts of modified nucleosides such as pseudouridine, 5-methylcytidine or 2′-O-methylcytidine. The method’s reliability was confirmed in serum-starved VPR cells. RNA-sequencing revealed the upregulation of specific enzymes responsible for the formation of those modified nucleosides in the ccRCC model. These enzymes included Nsun2, Nsun5, Pus1, Pus7, Naf1 and Fbl. In this study, we identified potential biomarkers for ccRCC for validation in clinical trials.
Generic Attacks on Hash Functions

The subject of this thesis is a security property of hash functions, called chosen-targetforced-prefix preimage (CTFP) resistance and the generic attack on this property, called the herding attack. The study of CTFP resistance started when Kelsey-Kohno introduced a new data structure, called a diamond structure, in order to show the strength of a CTFP resistance property of a hash function. In this thesis, we concentrate on the complexity of the diamond structure and its application in the herding attack. We review the analysis done by Kelsey and Kohno and point out a subtle flaw in their analysis. We propose a correction of their analysis and based on our revised analysis, calculate the message complexity and the computational complexity of the generic attacks that are based on the diamond structure. As an application of the diamond structure on generic attacks, we propose a multiple herding attack on a special generalization of iterated hash functions, proposed by Nandi-Stinson.
Edible film based on corn zein containing dill extract and essential oil/β‐cyclodextrin inclusion complex: Shelf life enhancement of common carp fillet

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the impacts of corn zein edible film (Z) fortified with dill leaves extract (DE) and encapsulated dill essential oil with β‐cyclodextrin (nDEO) on the quality of refrigerated common carp fillet. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis showed that the most frequent substances of DEO were apiol (35.1%) and carvone (31.4%), respectively. Designated treatments were as follows: (1) Control (C), (2) Z, (3) Z‐DE, (4) Z‐DEO, (5) Z‐nDEO, (6) Z‐DE‐DEO, and (7) Z‐DE‐nDEO. The physicochemical properties (thickness, moisture percent, tensile strength, elongation at break, Young's modulus, color, morphology, functional groups, and thermal resistance) of the activated films significantly improved (p ≤ .05). The total viable counts, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and psychrotrophic bacteria significantly decreased in all wrapped fillets compared to the unwrapped ones (p ≤ .05). Throughout storage period, the wrapped fillets exhibited lower changes in pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and total volatile‐based nitrogen values than the unwrapped fillets. According to the sensory findings, incorporating DE and nDEO in the zein films created significantly desirable aroma and flavor in the wrapped samples during storage time (p ≤ .05). Encapsulation of DEO with β‐cyclodextrin significantly fortified preservative effects of the films in fish fillets during storage period (p ≤ .05). In conclusion, the designated composite zein edible film containing DE and nDEO can be introduced as an active edible packaging in the shelf life improvement of common carp fillets during cold storage.
Unusual Canine Cutaneous Melanoma Presenting Parietal Bone Metastasis: A Case Report

Simple Summary This report aims to investigate a case of canine cutaneous melanoma with generalized metastasis and an unusual parietal bone metastasis, never reported before to the authors’ knowledge. The primary tumour was located on the skin of the carpal region and tumoral cells migrated towards the regional lymph node, reaching the general circulation through the blood and lymphatic streams. The histopathological examination showed a mixture of spindle, epithelioid and dendritic melanocytes, with variations in terms of pigmentation, a mitotic count of 10 (calculated for 10 high-power fields) for the primary tumour and higher for the metastasis. Immunohistochemistry was used to screen the expression of matrix metalloproteinases −2, −10 and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), all considered important invasiveness factors that facilitate the modelling of the extracellular matrix to enable invasiveness and metastasis. The results showed a strong positive reaction for VEGF and MMP-10, and a moderate positivity for MMP-2. This report suggests that metastasis in canine cutaneous melanomas may be present in various locations, such as the parietal bone, and is facilitated not only by the migratory abilities of melanocytes, but also by invasiveness factor expression, such as matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-2 and MMP-10, or VEGF. Abstract Melanocytic tumour anatomic location is considered an important prognostic indicator. The cutaneous forms are generally considered benign and may show various biological behaviours. This work reports a rare case of canine cutaneous melanoma showing parietal bone metastasis. Bone invasion in melanocytic tumours is often described in oral or visceral melanomas, but not in cutaneous forms. The patient (dog, male, mixed breed, 12 years) was initially presented for the surgical removal of a cutaneous tumour located on the skin of the carpal region of the right forelimb. Four months after, the patient returned with enlarged lymph nodes and acute respiratory failure. The patient was euthanized due to a decline in physical condition. The necropsy showed metastases in the affected forelimb, regional lymph node, splanchnic organs, parietal bone and meninges. Histopathological examination of tumour tissue samples revealed a mixture of pigmented and non-pigmented spindle and epithelioid melanocytes, while according to immunohistochemistry, the tumours showed a strong immunopositivity for VEGF and MMP-10, and a moderate positivity for MMP-2 expression. This case shows that cutaneous melanocytic tumours may show an aggressive malignant form with positive immunohistochemical reactions for multiple invasiveness factors.
Wavelets as a tool for systems analysis and control

This survey presents the broad range of research on using wavelets in the analysis and design of dynamic systems. Though wavelets have been used with all types of systems, the major focus of this survey is mechanical and electromechanical systems in addition to their controls. However, the techniques presented can be applied to any category of dynamic systems such as economic, biological, and social systems. Wavelets can be classified into three different types: orthogonal, biorthogonal, and pseudo, all of which are employed in dynamic systems engineering. Wavelets-based methods for dynamic systems applications can be divided into vibrations analysis and systems and control analysis. Wavelets applications in vibrations extend to oscillatory response solutions and vibrations-based systems identification. Also, their applications in systems and control extend to time–frequency representation and modeling, nonlinear systems linearization and model reduction, and control design and control law computation. There are serious efforts within systems and control theory to establish time–frequency and wavelets-based Frequency Response Functions (FRFs) parallel to the Fourier-based FRFs, which will pave the road for time-varying FRFs. Moreover, the natural similarity of wavelets to the representation of neural networks allows them to slip into neural-networks-based and fuzzy-neural-networks-based controllers. Additionally, wavelets have been considered for applications in feedforward and feedback control loops for computation, analysis, and synthesis of control laws.
Urban expansion and transportation interaction: Evidence from Akure, southwestern Nigeria

The unprecedented increase in population and urbanization dynamics, particularly without the requisite road infrastructure on the African continent, necessitates a more contextual understanding of the interaction between urban expansion and transportation in its cities. The study used Landsat and Google Earth, two readily available data in a resource-constrained context, and population data from 1999 to 2018 to estimate the interactions among roads stock, urban size and corresponding population changes in Akure, a mid-sized capital city in Nigeria, with substantial federal road connectivity. The results suggest strong positive relationships among all the variables of interest. At α = 10%, an increase in road stock causes a significant (p = 0.064) increase in population. The study reveals a heavier road density as the city expanded, slightly reduced from the core, with an increased stock of roads toward the periphery. These findings could significantly inform how cities evolve and can guide urban and transportation planners on complementary road infrastructure for growing cities. The study recommends that, irrespective of the political dispensation, the government could increase connective and motorable road stock toward the periphery each fiscal year, with promises of sustainability and resilience in the urban system despite the ever-increasing population.
3D-printed gradient scaffolds for osteochondral defects: Current status and perspectives

Articular osteochondral defects are quite common in clinical practice, and tissue engineering techniques can offer a promising therapeutic option to address this issue.The articular osteochondral unit comprises hyaline cartilage, calcified cartilage zone (CCZ), and subchondral bone.As the interface layer of articular cartilage and bone, the CCZ plays an essentialpart in stress transmission and microenvironmental regulation.Osteochondral scaffolds with the interface structure for defect repair are the future direction of tissue engineering. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has the advantages of speed, precision, and personalized customization, which can satisfy the requirements of irregular geometry, differentiated composition, and multilayered structure of articular osteochondral scaffolds with boundary layer structure. This paper summarizes the anatomy, physiology, pathology, and restoration mechanisms of the articular osteochondral unit, and reviews the necessity for a boundary layer structure in osteochondral tissue engineering scaffolds and the strategy for constructing the scaffolds using 3D printing. In the future, we should not only strengthen the basic research on osteochondral structural units, but also actively explore the application of 3D printing technology in osteochondral tissue engineering. This will enable better functional and structural bionics of the scaffold, which ultimately improve the repair of osteochondral defects caused by various diseases.
3D printing and 3D-printed electronics: Applications and future trends in smart drug delivery devices

Drug delivery devices which can control the release of drugs on demand allow for improved treatment to a patient. These smart drug delivery devices allow for the release of drugs to be turned on and off as needed, thereby increasing the control over the drug concentration within the patient. The addition of electronics to the smart drug delivery devices increases the functionality and applications of these devices. Through the use of 3D printing and 3D-printed electronics, the customizability and functions of such devices can also be greatly increased. With the development in such technologies, the applications of the devices will be improved. In this review paper, the application of 3D-printed electronics and 3D printing in smart drug delivery devices with electronics as well as the future trends of such applications are covered.