Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementing Satellite-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging Algorithm with Open Source Scientific Software

Implementing imaging algorithms for satellite-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensor are challenging because they require complex computations and large storage. SAR imaging algorithms have been implemented in various compiled programming languages, such as Fortran and C/C++. However, in an academic and research environment, we need an interpreted programming language with strong support for mathematical operations, 2D and 3D plotting and visualization tools to support learning and implementing existing algorithms and even designing new ones. We describe our implementation of the Range Doppler algorithm (RDA) for satellite-borne SAR imaging using GNU Octave, an Open Source high-level interpreted programming language for scientific and numerical computation. The software process raw SAR data into a single-look complex image in four steps; range compression, secondary range compression, range cell migration correction, and azimuth compression. The overall implementation strategy for processing the airborne strip map mode raw data is explained, and results are presented.
Simulation Analysis of the Lattice Boltzmann Method for the Bouncing Behavior of Highly Randomly Distributed Droplets on Rough Surfaces

By building surface microstructures with coatings and simultaneously reducing surface energy to make them superhydrophobic, the contact time of ice or water on the surface can be reduced, thus achieving anti-icing or delayed icing effects. Existing studies have mainly investigated the effect of the roughness of superhydrophobic surfaces on the anti-icing effect from a macroscopic perspective. In order to study the dynamic bouncing behavior and microscopic mechanism of droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces with different microstructures, this paper adopts the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to investigate the collisional bouncing process of droplets on four kinds of surfaces: perfectly smooth, perfectly regular, randomly regular and randomly rough. The differences of droplet bouncing behaviors on superhydrophobic surfaces with different microstructures are compared and summarized, and the maximum diffusion diameter and contact time in the droplet bouncing process are analyzed to lay the foundation for anti-icing and frosting applications on superhydrophobic surfaces.
An Improved Multilayer State of Charge Balancing Control Strategy for the Cascaded H-Bridge-Based Battery Energy Storage System

To improve the state of charge (SoC) balancing speed of each battery pack, a multilayer SoC balancing strategy is proposed for the cascaded H-bridge (CHB)-based battery energy storage system (BESS). Firstly, the negative-sequence current is injected for inter-phase SoC balancing control, and its real-time injection component is analyzed based on instantaneous power analysis. Then, the modulation wave of each H-bridge cell is adjusted for the inner-phase SoC balancing control of each battery pack. Compared with the conventional zero-sequence voltage-based SoC balancing control method, the modulation margin for inner-phase SoC balancing control is increased, and the SoC balancing speed is greatly improved. Finally, verification results indicate that the proposed multilayer SoC balancing control strategy can effectively balance the SoC of each battery pack in the CHB-based BESS.
Time-resolved imaging of VUV emission from a He-Xe micro surface discharge

A direct observation of two-dimensional, time dependent behavior of 147 nm and 173 nm vacuum ultra violet emission from a single surface discharge type AC plasma display panel cell were obtained using a gated, image intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD). The images on the ICCD are formed by a pinhole. The two lines show similar spatial profile but quite different temporal behavior.
Performance Analysis of Silicon Technologies Photovoltaic Cells Using Artificial Light Source in Different Spectra

Photovoltaic (PV) devices have a spectral response that depends directly on the light spectrum wavelength, causing their performance to be significantly modified with the spectral distribution of the incident radiation. It is essential to consider that the spectrum of sunlight varies with the location, climate, season, time of day, and even the angle of incident rays. Thus, it is essential to evaluate the behavior of PV technologies in different light spectrums to obtain the best conditions for the installation of PV systems and minimize performance losses. From this perspective, there is great difficulty in analyzing the efficiency of these devices in outdoor tests, considering specific light spectra since the solar spectrum is very broad. In order to contribute to this aspect, this work proposes the use of a device for conducting indoor experimental tests with artificial light based on power RGB light-emitting diode (LED) to analyze the performance of PV cells using amorphous silicon (a-Si), polycrystalline silicon (p-Si), and monocrystalline silicon (m-Si) technology in spectra of specific light. This analysis is performed by obtaining the characteristic curve of the current and voltage of the tested cells and their extracted electrical parameters.
Turbulent dynamos driven by convection

The generation of magnetic fields by the turbulent motions of a conducting fluid driven by thermal convection in the incompressible case is studied by direct numerical simulations at Rayleigh numbers up to 200 times critical and Prandtl numbers 0.2 and 1. Our results are consistent with a dynamo effect which occurs for magnetic Reynolds numbers above a few tens, in the presence of, as well as in the absence of, rotation around the vertical axis. In all cases, the magnetic field is more intermittent than the velocity field.
Primate duet display via arboreal locomotor predictability: emergent height and variety as selecting for more complex gibbon great calls

Disciplinary background A. Behavioral ecology is the science of modeling a species’ adaptive fit of their behavior to their environment (Fox and Westneat, 2010). Primates exhibit a vast array of behavioral modes and live in a wide variety of habitats across the world, but primarily in forested environs (Fleagle, 1999). Consequently, such a profusion of possible tree species exerting selection pressures on this array of primate positional and communicative modes challenges researchers with myriad habitat considerations. Presumably, such a wide variety of tree shapes, sizes, and statures should exert a corresponding diversifying selection on the behavior of its residents. This exceptional behavioral diversity of primates, incidentally makes them ideal models for testing evolutionary theories that interpenetrate the noesis of human behavior. Unlike our species, gibbons sleep in tall trees—that emerge through the forest canopies of southeast Asia—which also often serve as the primary setting for their exceptional vocal displays Alexander et al., 2018). Disciplinary background B. Many pair bonded primates participate in coinciding vocal behavior that often manifests in the form of calls with interacting male and female contributions. Socially monogamous gibbons (Geissmann, 1986), tarsiers (Clink, Tasirin and Klink, 2020), and callitrichids (Muller and Anzenberger, 2002) produce mutable vocal duets that feature such acoustic patterning. Gibbons, in particular, routinely exhibit duetting behaviors in all but a few species. The females’ “great call” forms the center-piece of such elaborate displays—often featuring a diversity of syllables which typically increase in frequency and accelerate into a rapid series of upward frequency sweeps (Raemaekers, Raemaekers and Haimoff, 1984) blurring repetition into both transposition and trill. Theories on the function of these calls range from resource spacing Mitani, 1985), to pair-bonding and mate attraction (Geissmann, 1986). But few studies to date have looked at various features, especially in combination, and how display structure could relate to ecology. Abstract Such structured patterning (e.g. rhythm)
Multi-View Vehicle Recognition Based on WRT-SVM

Proposed an approach to identify vehicles considering the variation in image size, illumination, and view angles under different cameras using Support Vector Machine with weighted random trees (WRT-SVM). With quantizing the scale-invariant features of image pairs by the weighted random trees, the identification problem is formulated as a same-different classification problem. Results show the efficiency of building the randomized tree due to the weights of the samples and the control of the false-positive rate of the identify system.
The longest edge of the random minimal spanning tree

For n points placed uniformly at random on the unit square, suppose Mn (respectively,Mn) denotes the longest edge-length of the nearest neighbor graph (respectively, the minimal spanning tree) on these points. It is known that the distribution of nπMn−log n converges weakly to the double exponential; we give a new proof of this. We show that PMn =Mn → 1, so that the same weak convergence holds for Mn.
An Overview of Peak Power Benchmark Methods for Lithium-Ion Battery

With the high proportion of renewable energy into the gird, energy storage systems are urgent to provide a flexible electricity usage. The power capability is a critical index to reflect the maximal inertia of the Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery-based energy storage devices when stabilizes the power system. Different benchmark methods have been existed in literatures for measuring or evaluating the peak power of a Li-ion battery from various aspects, which hinders to find a suitable solution for a specific application. In this thread, this paper provides an overview of the recently progresses in the peak power test benchmark methods of the Li-ion battery from both academic and industrial fields, and summarizes the main pros and cons of each method. The discussion and analysis in this work could provide a reference for the selection of a suitable test method for the peak power of Li-ion battery based application.
Fake News Classification using Transfer Learning

The rising complexity of information communication technology has greatly affected communication through conventional broadcast media over the past decade. Smartphone applications are increasingly emasculating the new socio-economic broadcasting environment. The trend is the same in the workplace, at home and in recreation. Social networking has stolen the game and is increasingly shifting to another age, the era of “digital relationships,” in which conventional interpersonal social interactions are replaced by mobile devices and social networks. The consequences of such false information promoted by miscreants and apologists for social media are far-reaching because it has resulted in scandals in households, communities, partnerships, organizations, and culture as a whole. The purpose of this paper is to lead to the eradication of counterfeit media by the use of technology. In this article, we proposed and built a model that incorporates neural networks to identify and eradicate false phrases posted to social media networks and web forums. Also, we compared our work Elmo VNetwith current state-of the-art models. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed Elmo VNetmodel have better accuracy rate than the existing models.
Transformer Differential Protection

This article presents the development and implementation of a transformer differential protection scheme that combines simulation, assembly and test with a test case, to finally validate the assembly in a laboratory test with a transformer.The concept of differential protection and the different alternatives that exist for current differential schemes are introduced. A simulation is performed in the DIgSILENT® software on the IEEE 9-Bus System taking the 200 MVA transformer as the element to be protected, where the objective is to simulate internal and external faults to the indicated transformer, obtaining as results; operation times and fault currents in the SIEMENS 7SJ85 overcurrent relays. Subsequently, the differential protection scheme based on percentage relays will be implemented in the overcurrent devices by means of the DIGSI® 5 software, this will be done through the creation of function charts CFC (Continuous Function Chart) and the communication of the IED’s by means of GOOSE messaging (IEC 61850), then the effectiveness of this scheme will be evaluated by injecting fault currents through the CMC 356 test case. Finally, the differential protection scheme will be validated in the electrical protection laboratory of the Universidad Politécnica Salesiana - Sede Cuenca, using a 3.5 kVA three-phase transformer, where internal transformer faults will be simulated to validate the effectiveness and functionality of overcurrent relays in differential configuration.
Volumetric anatomical parameterization and meshing for inter-patient liver coordinate system definition

A coordinate system parameterizing the interior of organs is a powerful tool for a systematic localization of injured tissue. If the same coordinate values are assigned to speci c anatomical sites, parameterizations ensure integration of data across di erent medical image modalities. Harmonic mappings have been used to produce parametric meshes over the surface of anatomical shapes, given their exibility to set values at speci c locations through boundary conditions. However, most of the existing implementations in medical imaging restrict to either anatomical surfaces, or the depth coordinate with boundary conditions is given at sites of limited geometric diversity. In this paper we present a method for anatomical volumetric parameterization that extends current harmonic parameterizations to the interior anatomy using information provided by the volume medial surface. We have applied the methodology to de ne a common reference system for the liver shape and functional anatomy. This reference system sets a solid base for creating anatomical models of the patient's liver, and allows comparing livers from several patients in a common framework of reference.
Driver Drowsiness Detection From Multiple Facial Features Using Mobile Devices

One of the crucial features in advanced driver assistance systems for minimizing catastrophic accidents caused by drivers is drowsiness detection. Drowsy driving has resulted in numerous fatalities or serious injuries for pedestrians and drivers. Being a victim of micro sleeps, a tired driver is probably much more dangerous on the road than a fast motorist. With the help of many technological solutions, automotive researchers and manufacturers are attempting to control this issue before it becomes a crisis. One potential use for intelligent car systems is the identification of sleepy drivers. Therefore, it is a significant task to create a driver drowsiness detection and prevention approach in order to avert these losses of life and property. The current challenges are the increasedcomplexity to produce such a method and also the high costassociated with the development of the method. These challenges can be overcome by using image processing for decreasing the complexity of the systems and using existing hardware like smart phones for drowsiness detection which can in turn decrease the cost associated with the development of the method.
Oral Health Status in a Group of Roma Children in Seville, Spain

The Spanish gypsy community is widely integrated among the rest of the Spanish population due to a coexistence that dates back centuries. Despite this integration, they are at risk of marginalization, the child population clearly being a vulnerable group. In terms of social and health inequalities, ethnic minorities in general, and the gipsy minority in particular, in many cases do not achieve equity with the rest of the population. Regarding health in general and, more specifically, oral health, this fact can be perceived, although it has not been evidenced by any epidemiological study of oral health in the Andalusia region. Objective: Identify the oral health status through an epidemiological survey of the population of gipsy children in the city of Seville. Methods: The WHO (World Health Organization) criteria for oral health surveys were used in the study with children aged 6 to 13 years carried out in two Seville schools located in neighborhoods with a high percentage of gypsy population (Polígono Norte and Sur of the city of Seville). Results: The final sample consisted of 108 children in whom the DMF (decay-missing-filled index) for primary dentition was 5.0 + −3.1 for the 6–9 year-old age group and the DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) for the 10–13 year-old group was 4.5 + −3.3. The frequency of brushing was low, with a significant percentage of children not brushing their teeth (42.3%). The striking feature is that 26.9% of children had never visited the dentist despite their basic dental care being covered by the regional government. Conclusions: The children studied present high levels of caries compared to the rest of the Spanish population, as well as very low levels of oral hygiene. Given the lack of success of existing oral health programmes among this population, a different intervention is needed, taking into account the idiosyncrasies of the gipsy community.
Effect of spatial resolution on remote sensing estimation of total evaporation in the uMngeni catchment, South Africa

Abstract. This study evaluated the effect of two readily available multispectral sensors: the newly launched 30 m spatial resolution Landsat 8 and the long-serving 1000 m moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) datasets in the spatial representation of total evaporation in the heterogeneous uMngeni catchment, South Africa, using the surface energy balance system model. The results showed that sensor spatial resolution plays a critical role in the accurate estimation of energy fluxes and total evaporation across a heterogeneous catchment. Landsat 8 estimates showed better spatial representation of the biophysical parameters and total evaporation for different land cover types, due to the relatively higher spatial resolution compared to the coarse spatial resolution MODIS sensor. Moreover, MODIS failed to capture the spatial variations of total evaporation estimates across the catchment. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that MODIS-based total evaporation estimates did not show any significant differences across different land cover types (one-way ANOVA; F1.924=1.412, p=0.186). However, Landsat 8 images yielded significantly different estimates between different land cover types (one-way ANOVA; F1.993=5.185, p<0.001). The validation results showed that Landsat 8 estimates were more comparable to eddy covariance (EC) measurements than the MODIS-based total evaporation estimates. EC measurement on May 23, 2013, was 3.8 mm/day, whereas the Landsat 8 estimate on the same day was 3.6 mm/day, with MODIS showing significantly lower estimates of 2.3 mm/day. The findings of this study underscore the importance of spatial resolution in estimating spatial variations of total evaporation at the catchment scale, thus, they provide critical information on the relevance of the readily available remote sensing products in water resources management in data-scarce environments.
Electric probe for spin transition and fluctuation

Spin fluctuation and transition have always been one of central topics of magnetism and condense matter science. To probe them, neutron scatterings have been used as powerful tools. A part of neutrons injected into a sample is scattered by spin fluctuation inside the sample. This process transcribes the spin fluctuation onto scattering intensity, which is commonly represented by dynamical magnetic susceptibility of the sample and is maximized at magnetic phase transitions. Importantly, a neutron carries spin without electric charge, and it thus can bring spin into a sample without being disturbed by electric energy: an advantage of neutrons,although large facilities such as a nuclear reactor is necessary. Here we show that spin pumping, frequently used in nanoscale spintronic devices, provides a desktop micro probe for spin fluctuation and transition; not only a neutron beam, spin current is also a flux of spin without an electric charge and its transport reflects spin fluctuation in a sample.We demonstrate detection of antiferromagnetic transition in ultrathin CoO films via frequency dependent spin current transmission measurements. This method allows us to access spin realm in an electric manner in minute devices which are necessary in today electronics and spintronics.
Multi-objective Optimal Predictive Control of Axial Field Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machine

A multi-objective optimal predictive control method is proposed in this paper in order to improve the operating efficiency of axial field flux-switching permanent magnet machine (AFFSPMM) while suppressing the torque pulsation caused by the cogging torque. The method is based on the mathematical model of the machine considering iron loss to calculate the minimum excitation currents of iron and copper consumption. On the one hand, the excitation currents corresponding to the minimum loss of the machine are obtained by the interval current seeking. On the other hand, the d-q axis compensation currents are calculated according to the results of the finite element analysis of the cogging torque. Finally, based on the model predictive control principle, the value function is designed jointly by using the loss minimum excitation currents and compensation currents to accomplish the optimal switching states, so that the multi-objective optimal control with low torque pulsation and high efficiency of AFFSPMM is realized. The experimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed multi-objective optimal predictive control method for AFFSPMM.
The effect of MWCNTs on the properties of peroxide vulcanized ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) composites

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were incorporated in EPDM matrix in an internal mixer. Characterization of the prepared MWCNTs/EPDM composites using RAMAN spectroscopy reveals a minor deterioration of the CNTs’ structure, in terms of intensities ratio of D and G bands (ID/IG ratio), probably due to the intensive mixing conditions of internal mixer. The thermal stability of MWCNTs/EPDM composites was improved, as it was observed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results, whereas the glass transition temperature (Tg) remained almost unaffected. In addition, MWCNTs/EPDM composites showed significant improvement in their modulus of elasticity and a decrease in swelling after immersion in benzene, in comparison with the pristine elastomer. The study of dielectric properties for MWCNT’s/EPDM nanocomposites determined the percolation threshold between 2 and 3 phr MWCNTs content. Enhancement in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of MWCNTs/EPDM composites was also recorded by the increase of filler content in the elastomeric matrix, with the reflectance being the main shielding mechanism. A slight increase in thermal diffusivity and conductivity was observed at EPDM composites with low MWCNTs content (1–5 phr) which became more significant at higher loads (8 & 10 phr).