Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The physicist's companion to current fluctuations: one-dimensional bulk-driven lattice gases

One of the main features of statistical systems out of equilibrium is the currents they exhibit in their stationary state: microscopic currents of probability between configurations, which translate into macroscopic currents of mass, charge, etc. Understanding the general behaviour of these currents is an important step towards building a universal framework for non-equilibrium steady states akin to the Gibbs–Boltzmann distribution for equilibrium systems. In this review, we consider one-dimensional bulk-driven particle gases, and in particular the asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) with open boundaries, which is one of the most popular models of one-dimensional transport. We focus, in particular, on the current of particles flowing through the system in its steady state, and on its fluctuations. We show how one can obtain the complete statistics of that current, through its large deviation function, by combining results from various methods: exact calculation of the cumulants of the current, using the integrability of the model; direct diagonalization of a biased process in the limits of very high or low current; hydrodynamic description of the model in the continuous limit using the macroscopic fluctuation theory. We give a pedagogical account of these techniques, starting with a quick introduction to the necessary mathematical tools, as well as a short overview of the existing works relating to the ASEP. We conclude by drawing the complete dynamical phase diagram of the current. We also remark on a few possible generalizations of these results.
Boundeness of a family of Hilbert-type operators and of its Bergman-type analogue

In this note, we frst consider boundedness properties of a family of operators generalizing the Hilbert operator in the upper triangle case. In the diagonal case, we give the exact norm of these operators under some restrictions on the parameters. We secondly consider boundedness properties of a family of positive Bergman-type operators of the upper-half plane. We give necessary and sufficient conditions on the parameters under which these operators are bounded in the upper triangle case.
Elements of Innovation Culture Influencing Individual Research and Development (R&D) Performance in Public Higher Education Institutions in the Philippines

This study explored the elements of innovation culture influencing individual performance of research and development (R&D) personnel. It employed quantitative research wherein innovation culture and R&D performance assessment tools were developed and administered to 115 R&D personnel in public higher education institutions (HEIs). Individual performance in terms of quantity of R&D outputs such as inventions, utility models, other intellectual property (IP) and creations, and scientific publications were assessed. Spearman’s rank-order correlation test showed significant association between inclusivity, continuous improvement, creativity, learning organization, innovativeness, communication system, innovation process, and the innovative teams and groups and performance of R&D personnel. Furthermore, the ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that freedom, orientation to technological innovation, innovation process, creativity, flexibility, openness, continuous improvement, learning organization, innovative teams/groups and individuals can influence individual performance of R&D personnel in public HEIs. This study added to our understanding of innovation culture in public or government organizations by providing empirical information on its validity and applicability, which can help analyse its elements in relation to individual performance. It gave insights on how each element of innovation culture can influence individual performance, particularly the production of R&D outputs in public HEIs.
Deep XMM-Newton Observations of the NW Radio Relic Region of Abell 3667

The results of long XMM-Newton X-ray observations of the NW radio relic of Abell 3667 are presented. A shock is detected at the sharp outer edge of the radio relic, both in the X-ray surface brightness and the temperature profiles. The Mach number is M = 2.54^+0. 80_-0.43. The temperature jump at the shock is larger than expected from the density jump, which may indicate that a dynamically important magnetic field aligned primarily parallel to the shock front is present. The gas temperature rises gradually over several arc minutes within the shock region. This could indicate that the shock energy is initially dissipated into some mix of thermal and nonthermal (e.g., turbulence) components, and that the nonthermal energy decays into heat in the post-shock region. The observed radio relic can be powered if ~0.2% of the energy dissipated in the shock goes into the (re)acceleration of relativistic electrons. We show that the observed steepening of the radio spectrum with distance behind the shock is consistent with radiative losses by the radio-emitting electrons. However, the radio spectrum immediately behind the shock is flatter than expected for linear diffusive shock acceleration of thermal electrons. This suggests that the shock re-accelerates a pre-existing population of relativistic electrons. We also detect a bright, cool region (the "Mushroom") to the south of the radio relic, which we propose is the remnant cool core of a merging subcluster, and that this subcluster was the driver for the observed NW shock. In this model, the properties of Abell 3667 are mainly the result of an offset binary merger, and the cluster is being observed about 1 Gyr after first core passage. We predict that deeper X-ray or SZ observations of the SE radio relic will reveal a second merger shock at the outer edge.
Testing Lambda CDM with the Growth Function delta(a): Current Constraints

We have compiled a data set consisting of 22 data points at a redshift range (0.15, 3.8) which can be used to constrain the linear perturbation growth rate $f=\frac{d\mathrm{ln}﻿\ensuremath{\delta}}{d\mathrm{ln}﻿a}$. Five of these data points constrain directly the growth rate $f$ through either redshift distortions or change of the power spectrum with redshift. The rest of the data points constrain $f$ indirectly through the rms mass fluctuation ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{8}(z)$ inferred from ${L}_{y}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ at various redshifts. Our analysis tests the consistency of the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}\mathrm{CDM}$ model and leads to a constraint of the Wang-Steinhardt growth index $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ [defined from $f={\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{m}(a{)}^{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$] as $\ensuremath{\gamma}={0.67}_{\ensuremath{-}0.17}^{+0.20}$. This result is clearly consistent at $1\ensuremath{\sigma}$ with the value $\ensuremath{\gamma}=\frac{6}{11}=0.545$ predicted by $\ensuremath{\Lambda}\mathrm{CDM}$. We also apply our analysis on a new null test of $\ensuremath{\Lambda}\mathrm{CDM}$ which is similar to the one recently proposed by Chiba and Nakamura (arXiv:0708.3877) but does not involve derivatives of the expansion rate $H(z)$. This also leads to the fact that $\ensuremath{\Lambda}\mathrm{CDM}$ provides an excellent fit to the current linear growth data.
Particle Orbits in a Force-Balanced, Wave-Driven, Rotating Torus

The wave-driven rotating torus (WDRT) is a recently proposed fusion concept where the rotational transform is provided by the E x B drift resulting from a minor radial electric field. This field can be produced, for instance, by the RF-wave-mediated extraction of fusion-born alpha particles. In this paper, we discuss how macroscopic force balance, i.e. balance of the thermal hoop force, can be achieved in such a device. We show that this requires the inclusion of a small plasma current and vertical magnetic field, and identify the desirable reactor regime through free energy considerations. We then analyze particle orbits in this desirable regime, identifying velocity-space anisotropies in trapped (banana) orbits, resulting from the cancellation of rotational transforms due to the radial electric and poloidal magnetic fields. The potential neoclassical effects of these orbits on the perpendicular conductivity, current drive, and transport are discussed.
Max–Min Fairness Beamforming With Rate-Splitting Multiple Access: Optimization Without a Toolbox

We propose a max-min fairness (MMF) design method in a multi-antenna downlink network, where rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) is adopted. A main aim in the considered MMF problem is providing uniformly good rates to users, by carefully controlling the rate of each private and common message, respectively. Solving this problem is challenging since multiple optimization variables, i.e., beamforming vectors and common message portions, are intricately intertwined in a non-tractable objective function. To resolve these obstacles, we first split a whole problem into two stages. In the first stage, we identify beamforming vectors given common message portion by exploiting the LogSumExp (LSE) approximation technique and the novel generalized power iteration (GPI) framework. In the second stage, we determine common message portions under fixed beamforming vectors. Iterating these two stages, we jointly design beamforming vectors and common message portion accordingly. Via simulations, we demonstrate that our method outperforms existing other frameworks in terms of the minimum rate, while requiring extremely small computational complexity.
Twisted Teichm\"uller curves

Let $X_D$ denote the Hilbert modular surface $\HH \times \HH^- / \SL_2(\OD)$. In \cite{HZ76}, F. Hirzebruch and D. Zagier introduced Hirzebruch-Zagier cycles, that could also be called twisted diagonals. These are maps $\HH \to \HH \times \HH^-$ given by $z \mapsto (Mz,-M^\sigma z)$ where $M \in \GL_2^+(K)$ and $\sigma$ denotes the Galois conjugate. The projection of a twisted diagonal to $X_D$ yields a Kobayashi curve, i.e. an algebraic curve which is a geodesic for the Kobayashi metric on $X_D$. Properties of Hirzebruch-Zagier cycles have been abundantly studied in the literature. \\Teichm\"uller curves are algebraic curves in the moduli space of Riemann surfaces $\mathcal{M}_g$, which are geodesic for the Kobayashi metric. Some Teichm\"uller curves in $\mathcal{M}_2$, namely the primitive ones, can also be regarded as Kobayashi curves on $X_D$. This implies that in the universal cover the curve is of the form $z \mapsto (z,\varphi(z))$ for some holomorphic map $\varphi$. A possibility to construct even more Kobayashi curves on $X_D$ is to consider the projection of $(Mz,M^\sigma\varphi(z))$ to $X_D$ where again $M \in \GL_2^+(K)$. These new objects are called twisted Teichm\"uller curves because their construction reminds very much of twisted diagonals. In these notes we analyze twisted Teichm\"uller curves in detail and describe some of their main properties. In particular, we calculate their volume and partially classify components.
Gaussian mixture models and the population synthesis of radio pulsars

Recently, Lee et al. used Gaussian mixture models (GMM) to study the radio pulsar population. In the distribution of normal pulsars in the P-dotP plane, they found four clusters. We develop this approach further and apply it to different synthetic pulsar populations in order to determine whether the method can effectively select groups of sources that are physically different. We check several combinations of initial conditions as well as the models of pulsar evolution and the selection effects. We find that in the case of rapidly evolving objects, the GMM is oversensitive to parameter variations and does not produce stable results. We conclude that the method does not help much to identify the sub-populations with different initial parameters or/and evolutionary paths. For the same reason, the GMM does not discriminate effectively between theoretical population synthesis models of normal radio pulsars.
Constraining the Orbit of the Supermassive Black Hole Binary 0402+379

The radio galaxy 0402+379 is believed to host a supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB). The two compact-core sources are separated by a projected distance of 7.3 pc, making it the most (spatially) compact resolved SMBHB known. We present new multi-frequency VLBI observations of 0402+379 at 5, 8, 15, and 22 GHz and combine them with previous observations spanning 12 years. A strong frequency-dependent core shift is evident, which we use to infer magnetic fields near the jet base. After correcting for these shifts we detect significant relative motion of the two cores at at . With some assumptions about the orbit, we use this measurement to constrain the orbital period yr and SMBHB mass . While additional observations are needed to confirm this motion and obtain a precise orbit, this is apparently the first black hole system resolved as a visual binary.
Evidence based practice and critical thinking in nursing education and practice: A scoping review of literature

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in health is important for patient safety and quality care while Critical Thinking (CT) is a vital prerequisite to evidence based nursing. Despite their importance, in some settings neither EBP nor CT is taught assessed or implemented. This scoping review examined literature related to teaching, learning, assessment and implementation of EBP and application of CT by nursing students and graduates. Arksey and O’Malley framework was used to conduct the scoping review. PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE and Joanna Briggs Institute for EBP data bases were searched for studies conducted between 2000 and 2020. Inclusion criteria were adapted from the -Population, Intervention, Professionals and Patients, Outcomes, Health Care settings (PIPOH) framework. Search terms included; evidence based practice, nursing education, nursing practice, critical thinking, methods, barriers, facilitators to teaching, learning, assessing and implementing EBP and CT. A total of 2,303 articles were retried, eventually 37 met the inclusion criteria. Use of non-traditional instructional methods for teaching EBP and CT were documented including Problem Based Learning, concept mapping, simulation, think aloud, critical incidence technique, debates and role-plays, reflective journaling, article analysis, nursing journal clubs and multidisciplinary clinical rounds. Validated tools for assessing EBP and CT Skills included; California Critical Thinking Skills Test, Upton and Upton 2006 EBP questionnaire and Yoon’s 2004 Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory. Teaching, assessing EBP and applying CT skills is challenging. Therefore innovative teaching methods are required to promote learning while successful implementation require strategies to minimize detractors and sustain enablers of the process.
Spin period change and the magnetic fields of neutron stars in Be X-ray binaries in the Small Magellanic Cloud

We report on the long term average spin period, rate of change of spin period and X-ray luminosity during outbursts for 42 Be X-ray binary systems in the Small Magellanic Cloud. We also collect and calculate parameters of each system and use this data to determine that all systems contain a neutron star which is accreting via a disc, rather than a wind, and that if these neutron stars are near spin equilibrium, then over half of them, including all with spin periods over about 100 seconds, have magnetic fields over the quantum critical level of 4.4x10^13 G. If these neutron stars are not close to spin equilibrium, then their magnetic fields are inferred to be much lower, on the order of 10^6-10^10 G, comparable to the fields of neutron stars in low mass X-ray binaries. Both results are unexpected and have implications for the rate of magnetic field decay and the isolated neutron star population.
Instability of mass transfer in a planet–star system

We show that the angular momentum exchange mechanism governing the evolution of mass transferring binary stars does not apply to Roche-lobe filling planets, because most of the angular momentum of the mass transferring stream is absorbed by the host star. Apart from a correction for the difference in specific angular momentum of the stream and the centre of mass of the planet, the orbit does not expand much on Roche-lobe overflow. We explore the conditions for dynamically unstable Roche-lobe overflow as a function of planet mass and mass and radius (age) of host star and equation of state of planet. For a Sun-like host, gas giant planets in a range of mass and entropy can undergo dynamical mass transfer. Examples of the evolution of the mass transfer process are given. Dynamic mass transfer of rocky planets depend somewhat sensitively on equation of state used. Silicate planets in the range $1 M_{\oplus} <M_{\mathrm{p}} < 10 M_{\oplus} $ typically go through a phase of dynamical mass transfer before settling to slow overflow when their mass drops to less than $1 M_{\oplus}$.
$C(\mathcal{X^{*}})$-Cover and $C(\mathcal{X^{*}})$-Envelope

Let $R$ be any associative ring with unity and $\mathcal{X}$ be a class of $R$-modules of closed under direct sum (and summands) and with extension closed. We prove that every complex has an $C(\mathcal{X^{*}})$-cover ($C(\mathcal{X^{*}})$-envelope) if every module has an $\mathcal{X}$-cover ($\mathcal{X}$-envelope) where $C(\mathcal{X^{*}})$ is the class of complexes of modules in $\mathcal{X}$ such that it is closed under direct and inverse limit.
The GTC exoplanet transit spectroscopy survey. V. A spectrally-resolved Rayleigh scattering slope in GJ 3470b

Aims. As a sub-Uranus-mass low-density planet, GJ 3470b has been found to show a flat featureless transmission spectrum in the infrared and a tentative Rayleigh scattering slope in the optical. We conducted an optical transmission spectroscopy project to assess the impacts of stellar activity and to determine whether or not GJ 3470b hosts a hydrogen-rich gas envelop. Methods. We observed three transits with the low-resolution Optical System for Imaging and low-Intermediate-Resolution Integrated Spectroscopy (OSIRIS) at the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias, and one transit with the high-resolution Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES) at the 8.2 m Very Large Telescope. Results. From the high-resolution data, we find that the difference of the Ca ii H+K lines in- and out-of-transit is only 0.67 ± 0.22%, and determine a magnetic filling factor of about 10–15%. From the low-resolution data, we present the first optical transmission spectrum in the 435–755 nm band, which shows a slope consistent with Rayleigh scattering. Conclusions. After exploring the potential impacts of stellar activity in our observations, we confirm that Rayleigh scattering in an extended hydrogen-helium atmosphere is currently the best explanation. Further high-precision observations that simultaneously cover optical and infrared bands are required to answer whether or not clouds and hazes exist at high-altitude.
Four New Species and New Records of Orbilia from China Based on Molecular and Morphological Data

This study reports four new species and three new record species of Orbiliaceous fungi from China. Orbilia baisensis, O. hanzhongensis, O. nanningensis and O. pinea are described as new species and O. crenatomarginata, O. vinosa and O. vitalbae are described as new record species. All the studied species were identified by morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) sequences. Four new species are described based on their sexual and asexual states, and their differences with the close relatives were compared and discussed.
THE DARK MOLECULAR GAS

The mass of molecular gas in an interstellar cloud is often measured using line emission from low rotational levels of CO, which are sensitive to the CO mass, and then scaling to the assumed molecular hydrogen H2 mass. However, a significant H2 mass may lie outside the CO region, in the outer regions of the molecular cloud where the gas-phase carbon resides in C or C+. Here, H2 self-shields or is shielded by dust from UV photodissociation, whereas CO is photodissociated. This H2 gas is “dark” in molecular transitions because of the absence of CO and other trace molecules, and because H2 emits so weakly at temperatures 10 K <T < 100 K typical of this molecular component. This component has been indirectly observed through other tracers of mass such as gamma rays produced in cosmic-ray collisions with the gas and far-infrared/submillimeter wavelength dust continuum radiation. In this paper, we theoretically model this dark mass and find that the fraction of the molecular mass in this dark component is remarkably constant (∼0.3 for average visual extinction through the cloud ) and insensitive to the incident ultraviolet radiation field strength, the internal density distribution, and the mass of the molecular cloud as long as , or equivalently, the product of the average hydrogen nucleus column and the metallicity through the cloud, is constant. We also find that the dark mass fraction increases with decreasing , since relatively more molecular H2 material lies outside the CO region in this case.
Cygnus OB2 DANCe: A high precision proper motion study of the Cygnus OB2 association

This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Nicholas J. Wright, Herve Bouy, Janet E. Drew, Luis Manuel Sarro, Emmanuel Bertin, Jean-Charles Cuillandre and David Barrado, 'Cygnus OB2 DANCe: A high-precision proper motion study of the Cygnus OB2 association', MNRAS 460: 2593-2610, first published online May 13, 2016. The version of record is available online via doi: 10.1093/mnras/stw1148 © 2016 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.
An Investigation into Surface Temperature Distributions of High-B Pulsars

Bearing in mind the application to high-magnetic-field (high-B) radio pulsars, we investigate two-dimensional (2D) thermal evolutions of neutron stars (NSs). We pay particular attention to the influence of different equilibrium configurations on the surface temperature distributions. The equilibrium configurations are constructed in a systematic manner, in which both toroidal and poloidal magnetic fields are determined self-consistently with the inclusion of general relativistic effects. To solve the 2D heat transfer inside the NS interior out to the crust, we have developed an implicit code based on a finite-difference scheme that deals with anisotropic thermal conductivity and relevant cooling processes in the context of a standard cooling scenario. In agreement with previous studies, the surface temperatures near the pole become higher than those in the vicinity of the equator as a result of anisotropic heat transfer. Our results show that the ratio of the highest to the lowest surface temperatures changes maximally by one order of magnitude, depending on the equilibrium configurations. Despite such difference, we find that the area of such hot and cold spots is so small that the simulated X-ray spectrum could be well reproduced by a single temperature blackbody fitting.
Strain tuning of optical emission energy and polarization in monolayer and bilayer MoS2

We use micro-Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy at 300 K to investigate the influence of uniaxial tensile strain on the vibrational and optoelectronic properties of monolayer and bilayer MoS2 on a flexible substrate. The initially degenerate E' monolayer Raman mode is split into a doublet as a direct consequence of the strain applied to MoS2 through Van der Waals coupling at the sample-substrate interface. We observe a strong shift of the direct band gap of 48 meV/(% of strain) for the monolayer and 46 meV/% for the bilayer, whose indirect gap shifts by 86 meV/%. We find a strong decrease of the PL polarization linked to optical valley initialization for both monolayer and bilayer samples, indicating that scattering to the spin-degenerate Gamma valley plays a key role.