Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cable current-carrying status analysis and early fault warning method based on temperature information

Long-term operation of cables and equipment under abnormal currents can cause insulation aging and reduce the service life of the equipment. Identifying the current-carrying status accurately and early detection of potential failures of power cables is particularly significant for ensuring the operation of power equipment safely and economically. This paper proposed a method for detecting the current-carrying status of power cables and an early fault warning based on temperature information. Based on the theoretical basis of the relationship between temperature and current. According to IEC 61000-3-7 and IEC 60038 standards, the current-carrying state evaluation method is analyzed and given, and the early fault warning model is established. Finally, the paper takes the cable connector and the lightning arrester in the power ring network cabinet as an example to verify the method’s feasibility. It shows that the characteristic information of the relative temperature variation curves under different current carrying states significantly differs. Includes the slope of hour 9, the slope of hour 2, and the maximum. Then the total duration under abnormal current operation is calculated, and the early warning of faults can realize.
Which student problems in experimentation are related to one another?

ABSTRACT Student problems (preconceptions, errors, and learner-specific approaches) that arise when planning and conducting experiments are relevant for lesson planning and the further development of teaching practice overall. student problems are understood as a learning opportunity. So far, little attention has been paid to the relationships between different student problems when planning and conducting an experiment. A search of relevant literature revealed no work addressing this issue. So, this study investigates whether any relationships exist between various student problems. 53 students (age: 10–16) were filmed while planning and conducting experiments themselves (students worked individually, not in groups). The films were translated into observation protocols and analysed according to Mayring’s qualitative content analysis technique. Students were given two tasks to solve using experiments: one on yeast and another on cone scales. The student problems identified were analysed using hierarchical cluster analysis to search for relationships. In the analyses of both tasks, only one, near-identical cluster was found. The cluster includes the student problem variables: ‘hypothesis consists of a combination of variables’, ‘hypothesis is changed during the experiment without being checked’, ‘missing test trial’, ‘missing control trial’, and ‘experimental trials are altered’. No other student problems showed any relationship to each other.
A practical solution for linear inference computations

Summary. In this paper, we present a matrix form of Backus’ theory of linear inference with multiple predictions. The Bayesian approach used by Backus allows the treatment of erroneous data and the imposition of the essential u priori bound on the model norm. We introduce a modification which involves translating the problem in accordance with an estimated model. Such a model may be known u priori or it may be constructed from the data. We are effectively able to bound the norm of all acceptable models from above and below and this results in more confining estimates of the predictions than provided by just an upper bound. In addition, the model construction approach allows us to make maximum use of the data in the inference computation. Our algorithm is robust and efficient, and estimates comparable to to those obtained from linear programming techniques have been achieved.
Dynamics of charge injection into an open conjugated polymer: A nonadiabatic approach

The dynamic process of charge injection is investigated for an open conjugated polymer chain in contact with a metal electrode in the framework of a nonadiabatic approach. It is found that the injected charges form wave packets due to the strong electron-lattice interactions in the conjugated polymer. A wave packet may contain any quantity of charges up to two electronic units, which depends upon the injection condition. As the system is spin degenerate within the present model, a wave packet has no spin. Discrete energy levels will appear in the gap accompanying the wave packet, which results in potential asymmetry of the charge injection and ejection between the metal electrode and the polymer. The asymmetry can be used to explain the electrical hysteresis in organic devices. It is found that there exists an upper critical field or forming field, beyond which the injected charges could not form a wave packet. Under a strong driving electric field, it is also found that a wave packet will dissociate into an extended state. The dependence of the dissociating field on the charge quantity a wave packet contains is studied.
On the operator-sum formalism

Of crucial importance to the development of quantum computing and information has been the construction of a quantum operations formalism that admits a description of quantum noise while simultaneously revealing the behavior of an open quantum system. The operator-sum representation is such a formalism and has provided a succinct description for set of bounded operators that act on a finite dimensional quantum system. In this paper we derive a basis for the set of bounded operators that act on a $d$-dimensional Hilbert space and we illustrate how this basis set may be extended and identified with a set of elements upon which the operator-sum representation rests.
Finding Temporal Trends of Scientific Concepts

Science evolves very rapidly, and researchers have studied the evolution of coarse-grained research topics. However, to our knowledge, no analysis of the temporal trends of ﬁne-grained scientiﬁc concepts has been performed based on papers’ full texts. For this paper, we extract noun phrases as concepts from all computer science papers of arXiv.org. We then identify positive and negative trends by means of simple linear regression, Mann-Kendall test, and Theil-Sen estimate. In our experiments, we obtain noteworthy ﬁndings about trends using the Mann-Kendall test, while the Theil-Sen estimate and simple linear regression lead to many non-scientiﬁc concepts. Our ﬁndings are potentially relevant for both ordinary researchers and researchers working in bibliometrics and scientometrics.
Particle acceleration by MHD surface wave and formation of aurora

Hydromagnetic surface waves, excited either by a MHD plasma instability or by an externally applied impulse, are shown to resonantly mode convert to the kinetic Alfven wave, the Alfven wave having a wavelength comparable to the ion gyroradius in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. The kinetic Alfven wave has a component of its electric field in the direction of the ambient magnetic field and can accelerate plasma particles along the field line. Because of the property of the wave the acceleration occurs on a thin magnetic surface separated by the ion gyroradius. A possible relation between this type of acceleration and the formation of aurora arcs is discussed.
Methods and tools for healthcare data anonymization: a literature review

Healthcare is a rapidly evolving field. Such development creates opportunities to provide better quality, evidence-based treatment, however, increasing privacy violations. Anonymization can be applied to share data safely. This paper is a literature review of methods and tools for anonymization that includes 1930 papers, 32 of which were selected for the final evaluation. This article is an updated and extended version of the research conducted by our team in 2020 (Vovk 2021a). We found that despite the variety of methods, there is no single method that fits all cases. Certain methods are more widely used and create a background for advanced and secure methods. Our research shows that anonymization methods are used in tools for simplification and automation. Among challenges related to the use of all anonymization methods, is the proper balance between risk and data utility and highlight that the anonymization process is not limited to only technical measures but interdisciplinary.
The different and differentials of local fields with imperfect residue fields

Let K be a complete field with respect to a discrete valuation and let L be a finite Galois extension of K. If the residue field extension is separable then the different of L/K can be expressed in terms of the ramification groups by a well-known formula of Hilbert. We will identify the necessary correction term in the general case, and we give inequalities for ramification groups of subextensions L′/K in terms of those of L/K. A question of Krasner in this context is settled with a counterexample. These ramification phenomena can be related to the structure of the module of differentials of the extension of valuation rings. For the case that [L: K] = p2, where p is the residue characteristic, this module is shown to determine the correction term in Hilbert's formula.
Women’s Reproductive Health Literacy: A Qualitative Study

Objectives: Considering the importance of reproductive health and the major role of health literacy in health promotion, this study was conducted to explore the concepts and dimensions of women’s reproductive health literacy. Materials and Methods: This is a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with 13 married women of reproductive age residing in Tehran, Iran, and 9 Ph.D.-educated health professionals. Results: 4 themes emerged: 1) knowledge about sexual and reproductive health consisted of knowledge about physical and mental aspects of reproductive health, especially in pregnancy and sexual matters, 2) obtaining and understanding information about reproductive health, including the ability to obtain information, acquiring information, and understanding information from different sources, 3) evaluating the information about reproductive health (by assessing the validity of information sources, consulting informed people about information accuracy, and concluding from the information), and 4) using the information to improve reproductive health behaviors: by making informed decisions, general health self-care behaviors, having desirable sex by talking about their needs and desires and trying to solve sexual issues. Conclusions: Reproductive health literacy, from the view of the participants, consisted of having knowledge and obtaining an understanding of correct information about reproductive health and using them as behaviors that lead to the promotion of reproductive health. Therefore, the attention of health policymakers and stakeholders to these concepts and dimensions can increase the reproductive health literacy of women in society through effective planning and strategies.
Synchrotron-based Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Solid/vapor and liquid/vapor interfaces govern many processes in the environment and atmosphere, energy generation, and electrochemical devices as well as heterogeneous catalysis. Examples include catalytic converters in automobiles [1], solid oxide fuel cells [2], cloud droplet nucleation on atmospheric aerosol particles [3], as well as the interaction of trace gases with polar snow packs [4]. A fundamental understanding of the molecular processes at these interfaces requires experimental methods that allow the investigation of samples under as close to operating conditions as possible. This kind of investigation has become increasingly important over the last few decades, leading to the development of a number of surface-sensitive, in-situ spectroscopies and microscopies, including infrared spectroscopy (IR) [5, 6]; vibrational sum-frequency generation (VSFG) [7, 8]; X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) [9]; surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD) [10]; scanning force microscopy (SFM) in both contact [11] and non-contact [12] modes; scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) [13]; as well as transmission electron microscopy [14] and scanning electron microscopy [15].
Identifying Carcinogenic Multi-hit Combinations using Weighted Set Cover Algorithm

Disruptions in certain molecular pathways due to combinations of genetic mutations (hits) are known to cause cancer. Although different combinations of just two to eight hits are estimated to be required for tumorigenesis, the specific combinations of mutations responsible for the vast majority of cancers have not been identified. Due to a large number of mutations present in tumor cells, experimentally identifying these combinations is not possible except in very rare cases. Individually these driver mutations may increase the risk of cancer; however, they generally do not result in carcinogenesis, without specific additional mutations. We map the problem to weighted set cover problem(WSC) and using an approximate algorithm for WSC we identify sets of 2-hit combinations that can distinguish between cancer and normal samples with more than 90% specificity and sensitivity.
Efficiency and credit ratings: a permutation-information-theory analysis

The role of credit rating agencies has been under severe scrutiny after the subprime crisis. In this paper we explore the relationship between credit ratings and informational efficiency of a sample of thirty nine corporate bonds of US oil and energy companies from April 2008 to November 2012. For this purpose we use a powerful statistical tool, relatively new in the financial literature: the complexity–entropy causality plane. This representation space allows us to graphically classify the different bonds according to their degree of informational efficiency. We find that this classification agrees with the credit ratings assigned by Moody’s. In particular, we detect the formation of two clusters, which correspond to the global categories of investment and speculative grades. Regarding the latter cluster, two subgroups reflect distinct levels of efficiency. Additionally, we also find an intriguing absence of correlation between informational efficiency and firm characteristics. This allows us to conclude that the proposed permutation-information-theory approach provides an alternative practical way to justify bond classification.
The stability of a two-dimensional stagnation flow to three-dimensional disturbances

Experiments have shown that the two-dimensional flow near a forward stagnation line may be unstable to three-dimensional disturbances. The growing disturbance takes the form of secondary vortices, i.e. vortices more or less parallel to the original streamlines. The instability is usually confined to the boundary layer and the spacing of the secondary vortices is of the order of the boundary-layer thickness. This situation is analysed theoretically for the case of infinitesimal disturbances of the type first studied by Görtler and Hämmerlin. These are disturbances periodic in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the flow, in the limit of infinite Reynolds number. It is shown that the flow is always stable to these disturbances.
Rutile Ages and Thermometry Along a Grenville Anorthosite Pathway

The Grenville Orogen, in North America, contains a belt of Proterozoic anorthosite massifs with an episodic emplacement history. These distinctive magmas reflect extensive fractional crystallization of plagioclase from a mafic magma and contain layers dominated by Ti‐bearing minerals including ilmenite and rutile. U‐Pb geochronology and Zr‐in‐rutile analyses from the Lac Malbaie complex in the Saint Urbain area of Quebec help to constrain the tectonothermal history of repeated anorthosite emplacement into the crust. Geologically significant dates were obtained from low‐U (<2 ppm) rutile in anorthosite drill cores and a boulder. Rutile ages of c. 1158, 1069–1056, and 936–910 Ma are interpreted to reflect variable modification of cooling ages during later intrusion and fluid mobilization events. Zr‐in‐rutile temperatures track higher apparent temperatures of >800°C in earlier events. Apparently younger rutile grains, and those influenced by fast pathway diffusion, record lower apparent temperatures. The Grenville Orogen comprises major trans‐lithospheric structures that facilitate the repeated bottom‐up transit of mantle‐derived magmas. At depth this led to the emplacement of anorthositic magmas whose thermal pathway is tracked by rutile passing through their Pb blocking temperature during crustal unroofing. This same broad crustal architecture, in the comparatively shallow crust, provided a favorable pathway for top‐down hydrothermal fluids to interact with younger rutile as successive anorthosites were emplaced. Rutile demonstrates that the current crustal section represents the juxtaposition of minerals preserving information from different thermal regimes, retaining vestiges of a protracted history due to incomplete re‐equilibration with subsequent chemical or thermal conditions.
In-plane external fiber Fabry–Perot cavity comprising silicon micromachined concave mirror

Abstract. Light trapping in optical cavities has many applications in optical telecommunications, biomedical optics, atomic studies, and chemical analysis. Efficient optical coupling in these cavities is an important engineering problem that affects greatly the cavity performance. Reported in-plane external fiber Fabry–Perot cavities in the literature are based on flat micromachined mirrors. In this case, the diffraction loss in the cavity is usually overcome by using an expensive-lensed fiber or by inserting a coated lens in the cavity leading to a long cavity with a small free spectral range. In this work, we report a Fabry–Perot cavity formed by a multilayer-coated cleaved-surface single-mode fiber inserted into a groove while facing a three-dimensional concave micromirror; both are fabricated by silicon micromachining. The light is trapped inside the cavity while propagating in-plane of the wafer substrate. Theoretical modeling is carried out, taking into account the effect of asymmetry in the mirror radii of curvature resulting from the micromachining process. A cavity is formed using a concave mirror with 200 and 100 μm in-plane and out-of-plane radii curvature, respectively. The presented cavity has a measured line width of 0.45 nm around 1330 nm showing a quality factor of about 3000, which resembles a one order of magnitude improvement over a flat-mirror cavity.
Neural style transfer for 3D meshes

Style transfer is a popular research topic in the ﬁeld of computer vision. In 3D stylization, a mesh model is deformed to achieve a speciﬁc geometric style. We explore a general neural style transfer framework for 3D meshes that can transfer multiple geometric styles from other meshes to the current mesh. Our stylization network is based on a pre-trained MeshNet model, from which content representation and Gram-based style representation are extracted. By constraining the similarity in content and style representation between the generated mesh and two different meshes, our network can generate a deformed mesh with a speciﬁc style while maintaining the content of the original mesh. Experiments verify the robustness of the proposed network and show the effectiveness of stylizing multiple models with one dedicated style mesh. We also conduct ablation experiment to analyze the effectiveness of our proposed work.
On the correspondence between gerbes and bouquets

Duskin [1, 2] showed that gerbes over a Grothendieck topos E can be interpreted by certain internal groupoids of E which he called bouquets. He proved that for any bouquet B of E the fibred category F ors(B) of B-torsors is a gerbe over E, and conversely that any gerbe G gives rise to a bouquet B satisfying G ≅ F ors(B). We want to give here a somewhat different approach to these results, based on a construction of gerbes given in [3].
Evaluation of Metabolic Parameters on Use of Newer Antiepileptics Versus Conventional Antiepileptics in Patients of Generalised Tonic-Clonic Seizure: An Observational Study

Background and objective Epilepsy is the commonest serious neurological condition and around 50 million people live with epilepsy (PWE). Primary and secondary generalised tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) together constitute up to 50% of adult and adolescent epilepsy. GTCS respond well to broad-spectrum AEDs like valproate, phenytoin, levetiracetam, lamotrigine, and topiramate. Carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine are considered alternatives. Metabolic derangements with the conventional AEDs (phenytoin causes loss of bone mass in women, phenytoin and carbamazepine produce increases in serum lipid and C-reactive protein, weight gain with valproate) are well documented. But, there is limited data regarding the effect of the newer AEDs on metabolic parameters. Thus, this study was undertaken to assess the effects of the newer AEDs on the metabolic profile of patients with epilepsy. Material and methods A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, in collaboration with the Department of Neurology at S.C. B. Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack. 100 diagnosed patients with GTCS receiving monotherapy of either conventional or newer anti-epileptics were included in the study. Their metabolic parameters like total cholesterol, serum sodium, serum TSH and fasting blood glucose were collected at baseline, three months, and six months. ADRs were collected during the entire study period and causality assessment was done using WHO-UMC Causality Assessment Scale. All the data were analysed using SPSS 20.0 after applying appropriate statistical tests. Results There was a significant increase in total cholesterol in all four groups (p=0.002) but a pathological increase in the phenytoin and oxcarbazepine groups. There was a significant rise in the serum TSH levels in all groups except levetiracetam, but a pathological increase was seen with phenytoin and valproate, i.e., the conventional ones. Statistically significant hyponatremia was seen with valproate and oxcarbazepine. A rise in the FBS was seen with both phenytoin and valproate (p=0.002) but a pathological rise was seen with phenytoin. Out of the total reported ADRs, 53.5% were seen with conventional AEDs, and the rest 46.5% were seen with newer ones. Conclusion The advent of newer anti-epileptic drugs has unfolded wider horizons to the treatment of epilepsy. Each of these drugs has a unique mechanism of action, making it less prone to resistance. Metabolic derangements are a key determinant in the compliance of these drugs as they can predispose to other co-morbidities. Periodic monitoring of the various metabolic parameters is useful and together with patient counselling can improve the effectiveness of the anti-epileptic drugs.