Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Low-Input Capacitance 12-bit SAR ADC for use in Self-Powered IoT Nodes

A 12-bit low-power SAR ADC with low-input capacitance is proposed. The topology exploits a structure with separate sample & hold and DAC blocks, separated block SAR, to achieve low-input capacitance. In this structure, the comparator input common-mode voltage is variable and, therefore, a rail-to-rail comparator with rail-to-rail offset cancellation is proposed to cancel the input common-mode dependent offset. The proposed comparator is modified to overcome the uneven distribution of kickback noise too. In order to achieve a 12-bit resolution, the bootstrapped switch is modified. With the aid of the proposed offset cancellation, kickback noise reduction, and switch, the ADC achieves 11.08-bit ENOB and the input capacitance is reduced to 2 pF, leading to relatively low input power consumption with no need for a reference supply voltage.
Compact Thermo-Diffusion based Physical Memristor Model

The threshold switching effect is critical in memristor devices for a range of applications, from crossbar design reliability to simulating neuromorphic features using artificial neural networks. The rich inherit dynamics of a metallic conductive filament (CF) formation are thought to be linked to this characteristic. Simulating these dynamics is necessary to develop an accurate memristor model. In this work we present a compact memristor model that utilizes the drift, diffusion and thermo-diffusion effects. These three effects are taken into consideration to derive the switching behavior of a memristor. The resistance of a memristor is calculated based on the evolution of a truncated cone shaped filament. The objective of this model is to achieve a realistic integration of switching mechanisms of the memristor device, while minimizing the overhead on computing resources and being compatible with circuit design tools. The model incorporates the effect of thermo-diffusion on the switching pattern, providing a different perception of the ionic transport processes, which enable the unipolar switching. SPICE simulation results provide an exact match with experimental results of Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) memristive devices of Ag/Si2/SiO2.07/Pt nanoparticles (NPs) configuration.
A Fast Reference-Tracking Buck Converter for 5G Power Amplifier Supply Modulator

This paper presents a 2-MHz voltage-mode controlled buck converter with fast reference-tracking responses. An analog-controlled hybrid scheme with end-point prediction technique is proposed to achieve nearly optimum reference tracking process with resistor load under different tracking conditions. The converter is designed in a 0.18-μm standard CMOS process. With a constant load resistor of 4Ω, the simulated up and down tracking speeds are 0.3 μs/V and 0.245 μs/V, respectively.
Mixed-Signal Integrated Circuit for Direct Raised-Cosine Filter Waveform Synthesis of Digital Signals up to 24 GS/s in 22 nm FD-SOI CMOS Technology

Pulse shaping for signal transmission over bandwidth limited channels and for sensor systems is very important to control intersymbol interference and to comply with spectrum emission mask specifications by reducing the occupied bandwidth. In this work, an efficient, low-power concept for digital-to-waveform conversion is presented on a 22 nm CMOS node. A key characteristic is the approximation concept of a raised-cosine filter for waveform synthesis by non-binary weighting in the digital-to-analog converter (DAC) keeping hardware complexity and thus power consumption low. Due to the proposed pulse shaping method, spectral side lobes of a pseudo-random bit stream example can be reduced by more than 20 dB at 24 GS/s and a power consumption of only about 30 mW. In summary, this concept replaces high-resolution DACs or analog filters, respectively, in pulse shaping circuits by simple CMOS logic and an application-centric DAC.
A Fast Locking Ring Oscillator Based Fractional-N DPLL With an Assistance From a LUT-Based FSM

We present a hybrid phase-detection based switching controller incorporating a look-up table (LUT) based finite state machine (FSM). This FSM can help in improving the settling response in fractional-N digital phase-locked loops (DPLLs). The settling time of the DPLL is further improved by using a grey counter-based coarse time-to-digital converter (TDC), which avoids metastability issues arising in binary counter-based TDC. A 2.7-5.5 GHz gear-shift mechanism based ring-oscillator fractional-N DPLL (FNDPLL) has been implemented in the CMOS 65-nm LL technology. The MATLAB and cadence simulation results of the FNDPLL show that the system with the reference clock ($F_{r\mathrm{e}f}$) of 100MHz can achieve a worst-case settling time of 3$\mu$s over an octave tuning range with 28 mW of power consumption.
Axions and White Dwarfs

White dwarfs are almost completely degenerate objects that cannot obtain energy from the thermonuclear sources and their evolution is just a gravothermal process of cooling. The simplicity of these objects, the fact that the physical inputs necessary to understand them are well identified, although not always well understood, and the impressive observational background about white dwarfs make them the most well studied Galactic population. These characteristics allow to use them as laboratories to test new ideas of physics. In this contribution we discuss the robustness of the method and its application to the axion case.
Silk Piezoelectric Tactile Sensors: The Way Forward to Developing Intelligent Implantable Sensors

The development of artificial tactile perception systems is of paramount interest in prosthetic and robotic applications. The key goal here is to develop systems with human-like capabilities, with the help of appropriate materials and signal-converting systems. When it comes to developing prosthetic wearable and implantable devices, the biggest challenge is to engineer a suitable bio-compatible material that offers high sensitivity. The sensors developed with such materials should respond to pressure and vibration selectively and generate sensory neuron-like output signal patterns. Here, we report a tactile sensor realized using the piezoelectric property of Bombyx mori silk. Silk thin film with moderate piezoelectric properties, derived from regenerated silk fibroin is used to realize the tactile sensor. The response of the sensor to finger taps of different magnitudes was significantly distinct. The as developed tactile sensor was able to detect hand wrist movements with high degree of precision.
A Temporal Scores Network for Basketball Foul Classification

Deep learning has developed rapidly in recent years, not only in image recognition, but now also in action recognition. The research on action recognition started with 3D-CNN, which has achieved good results on many tasks. But most action recognition networks have room for improvement in fine-grained action recognition. The reason is that there is only a slight difference between categories in the fine-grained classification task. e.g. basketball fouls only occur in a few frames and a small region. This situation may lead to some errors with 3D-CNN methods because these models tend to merge all temporal features. To identify these fouls, it is necessary to strengthen the detection of small periods. In this paper, we propose a temporal score network suitable for existing networks, including 3D-Resnet50, 3D-wide-Resnet50, $\mathbf{R}\mathbf{(}\mathbf{2}\mathbf{+}\mathbf{1}\mathbf{)}$ D-Resnet50, and I3D-50 to improve the accuracy of fine-grained action recognition. The experimental results show that the accuracy of various models is improved by 3.85% to 6% after adding the proposed network. Since there is no relevant public dataset, we collect the data ourselves to create a basketball foul dataset.
A new analytical expression for calculation of the Coulomb potential in spherical nuclei

A lot of problems of atomic and nuclear physics depend on with high accuracy to the Coulomb potential. Therefore, it is very important to carefully and accurately calculate the Coulomb potential. In this study, a new analytical expression was obtained for calculating the Coulomb potential by choosing the Fermi distribution function, which is suitable for charge distribution in nuclei. The proposed formula guarantees an accurate and simple calculation of the Coulomb potential of nuclei. Using the analytical expression obtained, the Coulomb potentials for several spherical nuclei were calculated for all values of the parameters. It is shown that the results obtained for arbitrary values of the radius are consistent with the literature data. In this study, the accepted values in literature of the two parameters (Coulomb radius R_c and diffuseness parameter a_c) which are important for the coulomb potential are also discussed.
A Hybrid-Combine-and-Forward Relaying Scheme for Network Coded Cooperative Systems

Network Coded Cooperation (NCC) proved itself worthy to meet the ever increasing demands of the next generation wireless users. In the prevalent relaying schemes, the relay either uses Amplify-and-Forward (AF) or Decode-and-Forward (DF) rigidly over all the signals received. However, some networks use Adaptive Decode-Forward (ADF) where relay only forwards the decoded data which causes resource wastage as the sources need to re-transmit the data which were not sent by the relay. This paper proposes a Hybrid-Combine-and-Forward (HCF) relaying scheme for a multi-user scenario to improve the Quality-of-Support (QoS) in a cost effective manner. With the HCF scheme, the relay dynamically performs AF on some of the received signals while DF on the rest, and stores them within a communication cycle. This decision is taken by the relay based on the Instantaneous Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNRi) of the signal received from the respective sources. Finally, it combines all the stored signals received and transmits a hybrid superposed data to the destinations which is required to extract the second copy of the desired data. Extensive simulations provide results showing the superiority of the proposed HCF scheme over the widely used AF and DF schemes. Such a scheme can be used in a Device-to-Device (D2D) communication/ Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) networks or in scenarios like disaster management where sources aided by a drone/relay require reliable data at a low operational cost of the relay.
Estimation of inertia in power grids with turbine governors

With the increasing presence of renewable energy sources in power grids, inertia estimation has become a pivotal problem in ensuring stable energy distribution. Inertia estimation during normal operating conditions of the network is still an open problem, since most algorithms rely on post-fault data or injection of probing signals in the grid. Here we extend a previously proposed algorithm for online inertia estimation to account for the presence of turbine governors in the power grid. The algorithm was tested on the IEEE 14-bus power system and it was successful in tracking the inertia of generators with and without turbine governors.
SSR Implication Assessment Using Modular FACTS

The increase of distributed, non-conventional generation requires fast installation and low-cost solutions that improve power systems’ flexibility and reliability. Such a solution is series compensation of transmission lines. Despite its numerous benefits, this solution raises concerns related to Subsynchronous Resonance (SSR). Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices constitute an improved alternative compared to traditional series compensation solutions. However, the risk of SSR when using FACTS devices has not been extensively studied. This paper describes a methodology to assess the risk of undamped Subsynchronous Oscillations (SSOs) inflicted by SSR, when a Modular FACTS device is connected in series to a transmission line. The methodology is based on frequency scanning and on the basic conditions that should be met so that SSR occurs. The results show that the device under study will not increase the risk of undamped SSOs inflicted by SSR for networks that are stable prior to the device’s installation.
Modeling Compute Storage Quality of Service and Latency using Sigmoid Functions

Due to the growing demand of data platforms, popularity of the solid-state drive (SSD) has risen to boost performance, reliability, and endurance and to minimize power consumption. Consequently, performance modeling of SSD systems has sought to give insights into current and novel storage architectures. To date, these models have fallen short of real-world applicability; their limited scope fail to accurately account for the stochastic behavior of I/O storage request latencies. Therefore, developing a method to obtain accurate, variable, and probabilistic latencies is imperative to the future success of these models. In this paper, we propose a method for modeling the SSD from empirical performance data to predict key performance indicators (KPIs). Using data from industry standard Flexible I/O (FIO) testing, we derive a computable distribution of latencies. Comparing the results of our model to the test data, we found that we had a lower percentage error than other simulation and performance modeling solutions. Additionally, we show that our model can be used to treat various classes of SSDs under diverse workloads and discuss how it can be applied to inform design of computer systems.
Factors Impacting Adoption of Social Media Channels for Customer Service Management: A Review

The number of active social media users as of 2022 is estimated at 4.62 billion, accounting for 58% of the global population and registering rapid growth. This growth can be attributed to various factors such as advances in smartphone technology, cloud, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and rapid progress in network access mediums. Furthermore, social media platforms provide rich, collaborative ways for consumers to stay connected and to express their experiences, feedback, and sentiment on products and services across both public and private forums. This has a direct impact on enterprise brand valuations, and as such, it is becoming increasingly important for enterprises to actively track such public expressions.This has led to the rapid proliferation of social media management platforms and their adoption by enterprises to monitor and analyse social media trends and is a key aspect of digital transformation. This includes various use cases, for example, the ability to run marketing campaigns to boost brand awareness and to analyse consumer trends and brand perception through social media analytics.However, given the impact social media can have on enterprise brand valuations, it is now becoming increasingly important for businesses to re-evaluate their Customer Experience (CX) management strategies to include social media channels for customer service, beyond marketing and social insights. This is in addition to contemporary customer service channels such as online, contact centres and branches. This study aims to explore the key factors impacting the adoption of social media channels for customer experience management. It does so by way of a literature review conducted on the evolution of social media channels, their usage by consumers and the corresponding impact on enterprise brands, and the application of social media management tools. The study notes that social media adoption by enterprises depends on various factors such as usability, response strategies, blending with other customer service channels, technology integration and corporate governance. These factors are formulated in the form of research questions which could form the basis for future studies and be validated empirically. The paper contributes by providing practical insights to enterprises on factors to consider for adopting social media channels for customer service management.
Extending matchgates into universal quantum computation

Matchgates are a family of two-qubit gates associated with noninteracting fermions. They are classically simulatable if acting only on nearest neighbors but become universal for quantum computation if we relax this restriction or use swap gates [Jozsa and Miyake, Proc. R. Soc. A 464, 3089 (2008)]. We generalize this result by proving that any nonmatchgate parity-preserving unitary is capable of extending the computational power of matchgates into universal quantum computation. We identify the single local invariant of parity-preserving unitaries responsible for this, and discuss related results in the context of fermionic systems.
Tampering Attack Detection in Analog to Feature Converter for Wearable Biosensor

Wearable biosensors have been widely used to assist disease diagnosis or monitor health conditions, making the authorization to communicate with these biosensors very critical. The potential tampering attack may cause disasters that threaten human lives. In this paper, a tampering attack detection method is proposed for securing key parameters of a real-time ECG monitoring system. The detection method is based on a built-in triangle waveform and the corresponding extracted abnormal pattern vector examination. When the deviation of the pattern vector is above the defined attack detection threshold value, we could recognize that an attack occurs. Two representative records of ECG data are used to evaluate the different attack levels impact. The proposed tampering attack detection framework is implemented using 0.18 $\mu m$ standard CMOS process and costs 41413 $\mu m ^{2}$ chip area, with an estimated dynamic power consumption of 15 nW, which is very hardware-efficient and easy to be implemented.
Optimal user pairing using the shortest path algorithm

In Power Domain Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access, user pairing is based on a distance difference between users as well as power allocation. When the distance difference between the users becomes small, the interference caused by users can affect the system performance. Therefore, it is very important to implement an efficient pairing algorithm in NOMA systems to maintain a minimum distance and pair with the shortest path among the users available in the same cell. In this paper, we have proposed the shortest path algorithm for user pairing which separates the strong and weak users in order to promote massive connectivity. This algorithm performs better for the weak users when we compare it to the conventional Hungarian Algorithm in terms of user capacity. Further, results show that the proposed method achieves an average BER performance is similar to the Hungarian algorithm-based scheme but with much lower complexity.
Holistic approaches to memory solutions for the Autonomous Driving Era

As DNNs improving state-of-the-art accuracy on many artificial intelligence (AI) applications such as computer vision processing for autonomous driving, the data processing bandwidth and power consumption between neural network accelerator and the off-chip memory are big challenge to enhance the compute performance metric TOPs/watt. To overcome the limited compute and energy resources in automobile environment, inferencing by PIM (Processing in Memory) or AiM (Accelerator in Memory) which deployed MAC(Multiply and Accumulation) units and activation function inside DRAM is one of the key solution by using multi bank parallelism and memory cell architecture. When memory technology equipped with analog logic inside mature in the near future, ultra-low power analog accelerator based neuromorphic computing architecture will lead the future autonomous driving solution.
Level Shifters for Charge Constrained Applications

Level shifters form an indispensable part of modern system on chips (SoCs) with their use encompassing multi-VDD logic designs [1], voltage stacking designs[2] and high voltage designs[3]. Traditionally, level shifters have been characterized using energy-delay curves (or correspondingly the energy-delay product) [2]. All the aforementioned applications provide the level shifter’s higher supply voltage through an external pin. Also, the primary objective in the previously mentioned applications has been reduction in energy consumption. Thus, energy-delay product is an appropriate figure-of merit (FOM) for these applications. However, unlike these applications certain analog/mixed signal(AMS) applications like that in [4] employ charge-pumps to generate the higher supply voltages. The FOM of energy-delay product is no longer appropriate in these cases for two reasons. First, the use of energy delay curves to characterize and choose the appropriate level shifter architecture ignores the energy consumed by the charge pumps to generate the higher voltages and can eventually lead to an overall larger energy consumption. Secondly, since the current from the higher voltage is provided through a charge reservoir (capacitor in most cases), voltage droop during switching should also be accounted by the FOM. Optimizing the energy-delay product does not account for this effect. We therefore argue that charge-delay product (or correspondingly the charge-delay curves) is a better FOM to compare level shifters to be used in such applications. The “charge” of concern here refers to the charge consumed through the higher supply voltage. One might argue that charge-delay optimization is equivalent to energy-delay optimization. However, we would like to emphasize the fact that our objective is to obtain the optimization between the charge consumed from the higher supply voltage and the delay of the level shifter. This FOM allows for trading off higher energy consumption from the lower supply voltage for a lower charge consumption from the higher supply voltage.
A Receiver with Adiabatic and Harmonically Enriched Double-Frequency N-Path Drive

This work demonstrates how adiabatic switching can be used to reduce the power consumption in N-path-filter based receiver designs. Our approach eliminates the common drawback of switching a relatively large gate capacitance at RF and the resulting power consumption is removed through adiabatic switching within the N-path. To maintain good filtering and switching performance while avoiding interferer pulling of the oscillator, an integrated class-F VCO with enriched 3rd order harmonic operating at 2$\times$ the RF input frequency is used for divider-based IQ generation. Steering switches directly connect the IQ mixer switches to the oscillator tank for a tuned drive. To prove the principle, a test-chip was fabricated in a 1P6M180nm CMOS technology. The receiver, including an LNA and PLL, consumes 5.2mW from a 1.2V supply. It provides a gain of 17.7 dB and a narrowband 1. 3MHz filtering within the 868 MHz and 915MHz SRD bands. An integrated 50 $\Omega$ input match is used, trading increased NF for a minimum number of external components.
An 12th-order Active-RC Bandpass Filter with Programmable Bandwidth and Center Frequency for Synthetic Aperture Radar Application

A 12th-order active-RC bandpass filter (BPF) for a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) receiver is presented in this paper. The proposed BPF is composed of six cascaded Biquads and each Biquad is configured as a second-order bandpass stage and the switched resistor and capacitor arrays are used in the Biquad to enable the digital control of the passband center frequency and bandwidth. To achieve desired passband and behave with Chebyshev response, the capacitors in the six Biquads are designed with the same values and resistor values are tunable. The filter has been implemented in a 65 nm CMOS technology and achieved low ripple, low noise and low power consumption. Under 8-bit digital programmable, the center frequency is tunable from 0.98 MHz to 4.83 MHz and the bandwidth is tunable from 0.66 MHz to 5 MHz, and it measures a maximum in-band frequency response deviation of <0.6dB while consuming $\leq$12mW at a 1.2 V supply.