Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Climatology of neutral exospheric temperature above Millstone Hill

We present results of a comprehensive study of exospheric temperature T∞ at Millstone Hill. T∞ was calculated using zenith measurements of ion and electron temperature taken by the Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar and a heat balance calculation during 201 experiments between 1981 and 1997. Fourier decomposition of the data is carried out to investigate how diurnal means and diurnal amplitudes and phases vary with season, solar, and magnetic activity and to search for a long-term trend in the diurnal mean. The results show generally good agreement with the mass spectrometer/incoherent scatter-86 model, and the data will be included in the next update to the model. It is found that the diurnal mean T∞ increases with increasing solar and magnetic activity and depends on season, with largest values in summer. No significant long-term trend is found in this data set. If there is saturation of T∞ at high levels of solar activity, it is not statistically significant in these data. The diurnal amplitude increases with increasing solar activity, but no other statistically significant dependencies are found. The diurnal phase has an earlier phase maximum in summer. Significant semidiurnal and terdiurnal components are found during some times but not others.
Early Cretaceous opening of the North Atlantic Ocean: Implications of the petrology and tectonic setting of the Fogo Seamounts off the SW Grand Banks, Newfoundland

The Lower Cretaceous Fogo Seamounts and the J-Anomaly Ridge formed along the transform margin of the southwestern Grand Banks synchronous with volcanism on the adjacent continental shelf off southeastern Canada. This volcanism took place during the “nonvolcanic” rifting of Iberia from the Grand Banks. Chemical composition and radiogenic isotopes show that basalts from the seamounts range from mildly alkalic to mildly tholeiitic. The voluminous tholeiitic magmas resulted principally from decompression melting, and the ocean-island-basalt signature of the alkalic rocks also suggests upwelling of deeper asthenosphere. The distribution of the seamounts has been determined from magnetic, bathymetric, and seismic data. Some seamounts are flat-topped and resemble guyots in that they are capped by carbonate-platform rocks. The distribution of the seamounts suggests that they developed from edge-controlled convection in the upper mantle due to thermal and density gradients at the transform transition between the spreading ocean and the continental block of the Grand Banks. The thermal effects of the volcanism promoted mid-crustal partial melting and detachment faulting on the Grand Banks and the development of the asymmetric Grand Banks–Iberia rift system. The location of the volcanic centers was strongly influenced by crustal-scale strike-slip faulting. Although the Fogo Seamount chain thus has a different tectonic origin compared with many oceanic seamount chains, the young seamounts from another area, off the transform Californian margin, also show many geochemical similarities and may have a similar origin.
Wide-field endoscopic submucosal dissection for whole-antral and whole-incisura gastric multifocal dysplasia

Gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is applied for early gastric cancer (<3 cm) or isolated visible lesions with dysplasia [1]. In this report, we describe whole-antral and whole-incisura ESD applications for the resection of diffuse enteric metaplasia with multifocal dysplasia. In case 1, an 80-year-old male underwent EGD for dyspepsia, and was found to have diffuse irregularity of the gastric incisura (Paris IIa+IIb) creeping towards the pylorus and the anterior and posterior wall of the antrum (Fig. 1). Low-grade dysplasia was detected in mucosal biopsies. ESD with dynamic clip and band countertraction [2] was performed and the abnormality was excised. The specimen measured 7.6 cm × 7 cm in size, and histopathology demonstrated multifocal low and high-grade dysplasia with negative margins. In case 2, a 60-year-old male was found to have a low grade dysplastic lesion at the lesser curvature, extending towards the incisura and proximal antrum. Multifocal clip and band ESD was applied [2], and the lesion was excised en bloc (Fig. 2). The specimen, measuring 7 cm × 7 cm, harbored multifocal low-grade dysplasia with negative margins. Both patients were hospitalized for 24 hours and had an uneventful recovery. These 2 cases illustrate the feasibility of wide-field wholeantral and whole-incisura ESD for extensive dysplastic areas. Despite the necessity for technical expertise, this technique can be facilitated by the application of ancillary techniques, such as dynamic and multifocal countertraction, as previously described by our team [2,3]. En-bloc resection offers obvious advantages in terms of decreasing recurrence risk, and obviating repeat interventions.
Soluble phosphate in fluctuating groundwater under cropping in the north-eastern wet tropics of Australia

Soluble reactive phosphorus (SP) present in groundwater (GW) is generally considered insignificant, and therefore of little consequence to the quality of waters receiving base-flow discharges. In this study we investigated whether: (i) significant quantities of SP were present in GW (GW-SP); (ii) potential existed for GW-SP to be exported to streams via base-flow discharge; and (iii) the exports are a health risk to ecosystems receiving base-flow discharges. Investigations were carried out at twosites inthe Tully River Catchment (TRC) during threeconsecutive rainy seasons, and 24 wells in the Johnstone River Catchment (JRC) were also monitored during one rainy season, in the north-eastern wet tropics of Australia. In the TRC, the GW-SP varied temporally, within and between rainy seasons, from 2 to 158 mgP/L at Site 1 and from 3t o 31mgP/L at Site 2. The temporal variations in GW-SP were driven by fluctuating water-table at Site 2, but no such trend was observed at Site 1. The SP in drain-water (DW-SP) varied temporally from 0.6 to 110 mgP/L at Site 1, compared with 2-83 mgP/L at Site 2. The positive association between DW-SP and GW-SP at Site 2 indicated an export of SP from GW to a drain via base-flow discharge. In the JRC, the GW-SP in the 24 wells varied temporally from 0 to 300 mgP/L with the means across the wells ranging from 5 to 190 mgP/L, with the variations driven by fluctuating water-tables. More than 50% of the GW-SP or DW-SP concentrations in TRC were significantly higher than the P trigger values, 2-5 mgP/L, proposed to sustain the health of aquatic ecosystems in this region; a similar result was observed in the JRC. Speciation analysis via filtering (i.e. P passing through a 0.45-mm filter) for selected GW samples indicated substantial quantities of soluble organic P in some wells, ranging from 5 to 89% (mean 38%) of the total soluble P (SP plus soluble organic P). Because the soluble organic P was not included in GW-SP determinations, the hazard/risk mentioned above is an underestimate. The GW-SP exported during rainy seasons, from both catchments, ranged from 0.16 to 0.43kgP/ha. Our findings indicate there were significant quantities of SP and soluble organic P in GW, it was exported to streams, and there is a health risk to receiving surface water bodies.
Title : A calcineurin-mediated scaling mechanism that controls a K +-leak channel to 1 regulate morphogen and growth factor transcription 2 3

31 The increase in activity of the two-pore potassium-leak channel Kcnk5b maintains allometric 32 juvenile growth of adult zebrafish appendages. However, it remains unknown how this channel 33 maintains allometric growth and how its bioelectric activity is regulated to scale these 34 anatomical structures. We show the activation of Kcnk5b is sufficient to activate several genes 35 that are part of important development programs. We provide in vivo transplantation evidence 36 that the activation of gene transcription is cell autonomous. We also show that Kcnk5b will 37 induce the expression of different subsets of the tested developmental genes in different 38 cultured mammalian cell lines, which may explain how one electrophysiological stimulus can 39 coordinately regulate the allometric growth of diverse populations of cells in the fin that use 40 different developmental signals. We also provide evidence that the post-translational 41 modification of serine 345 in Kcnk5b by calcineurin regulates channel activity to scale the fin. 42 Thus, we show how an endogenous bioelectric mechanism can be regulated to promote 43 coordinated developmental signaling to generate and scale a vertebrate appendage. 44
Mechanics of local scour around submarine pipelines

The primary objective of this study is to improve understanding of the mechanism causing scour in unidirectional current. Experiments have shown how local scour develops around submarine pipelines in noncohesive sediments. The study shows that piping is the dominant cause of the initiation of scour. Piping and the stagnation eddy combine to undermine the pipeline, and mark the onset of scour. The critical hydraulic gradient associated with the initiation of scour is equal to the flotation gradient of the bed sediment. The pressure drop between the stagnation pressure upstream and wake pressure downstream of the pipe induces this hydraulic gradient. When a pipe is just embedded, the onset of scour does not occur if the ratio of the flow depth to pipe diameter exceeds 3.5. Similarly, the onset of scour does not occur for half‐buried pipes. The reduction in pressure gradient across the pipeline for these flow/pipe combinations accounts for the lack of scour. The onset of scour can be prevented by placing an .
Creation of an alternative season based on sustainable tourism as an opportunity for Baltic Sea Region

ABSTRACT Łonyszyn, P., Terefenko, O. , 2014. Creation of an alternative season based on sustainable tourism as an opportunity for Baltic Sea Region. In: Green, A.N. and Cooper, J.A. G. (eds.), Proceedings 13th International Coastal Symposium (Durban, South Africa), Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 70, pp. 454–460, ISSN 0749-0208. For several years, the Baltic Sea was divided by the Iron Curtain. However, though this situation changed over 20 years ago and this body of water has since become an internal sea of the European Union, there are still visible differences in the welfare and mentality of the people from the Baltic Sea Region. It's the world's largest body of brackish water, its beaches are exceptionally picturesque, and due to the concentration of iodine it is an exuberant source of medical richness. However, people view the coastal regions of the Baltic Sea countries almost exclusively as a destination for summer vacations. This results in the existence of an expansive, harmful tourist industry for a short time and distinct stagnancy throughout the rest of the year. The majority of local resorts from autumn to spring become examples of “ghost towns” where the inhabitants don't have regular incomes. The problem is, according to scholars, that extending the summer season is impossible in the Coastal Baltic Sea Region due to the local climate and economic conditions of the areas around the sea. The solution could be the creation of an alternative season based on sustainable tourism, as the extension of a summer season could only reduce the problem of the area's degradation due to mass tourism instead of solving it. This paper presents how an alternative season could be a real chance for a gradual end of the problem. Moreover, it shows real examples of transnational cooperation that could become the base for sustainable tourism in the Coastal Baltic Sea Region.
Formation of dolomite at 40–80 °C in the Latemar carbonate buildup, Dolomites, Italy, from clumped isotope thermometry

The temperature of formation of replacement dolomite and δ^(18)O(H_(2)O) of dolomitizing fluid in the Latemar carbonate buildup, Dolomites, Italy, were estimated independently from carbonate clumped isotope thermometry. Dolomite formed at 42–72 ± 9–11 °C (±2 standard deviations, SD) from fluid with δ^(18)O(H_(2)O) that averages –0.3‰ ± 3.3‰ (Vienna standard mean ocean water; ±2 SD). The estimated temperature and δ^(18)O(H_(2)O) are similar to those of modern diffuse flow fluids at mid-ocean ridges, the kind of fluid that has been proposed previously as the dolomitizing fluid in the Latemar buildup, based on the trace element compositions of dolomite. Calcite in limestone preserves original δ^(18)O, but records clumped isotope temperatures, 44−76 ± 9−11 °C (±2 SD), that are higher than those at which the limestone formed. Temperature recorded by calcite, but not δ^(18)O, was likely reset during dolomitization. Clumped isotope thermometry has great potential for application to studies of burial and diagenesis by retrieving independent estimates of temperature and δ^(18)O(H_(2)O) with uncertainties as low as ±5 °C (±2 standard errors, SE) and ± 0.75‰ (±2 SE), respectively, from a single stable isotope analysis of a carbonate mineral.
Real time two-wheeler recognition for Surveillance

In today’s intelligent transportation systems, vision-based traffic tracking systems and automatic vehicle make and model recognition is of significant importance for surveillance. From the literature, vehicle make and model recognition has been implemented for four wheelers easily due to the presence of logo in the frontal and rear parts. But it is not feasible for two wheelers due to the insignificant differential features. Hence in this work, a robust two-wheeler recognition system has been developed with frontal, rear and side images of two wheelers which is implementable in edge devices. The contributions of the paper are (i) Development of a two-wheeler dataset with the frontal, rear and side images of two classes in Indian Scenario. (ii) Development of a two-wheeler recognition framework implementable in Raspberry pi-based devices. (iii) Evaluation of the framework in real time outdoor environment. From the experimental results it is observed that the proposed network classifies two wheelers in real time at 4s with 94% accuracy.
TeachAR-Augmented reality-based Education application

Augmented reality has come a long way from the concept of science fiction to science-based reality. Until recently, the cost of augmented reality was so high that designers only dreamed of working on an AR related design project. Things have changed now, and augmented reality is also available on mobile phones. An e-learning Augmented Reality application for immersive and practical based learning is proposed in this paper where any student can make use of this platform to learn concepts easily in Augmented Reality. This has been implemented by using technologies like Unity, Zappar and deploying the project on web using python and Django. By incorporating AR technology in education, students can effectively learn and understand complex concepts in a more engaging and interactive way.
Realtime Evaluation of Cardiac Activities Using Multi Features with KNN Classifier - A Pilot Study

Monitoring of cardiac episodes is essential for patients with suspected cardiac arrhythmias. The quantitative evaluation of cardiac activities during continuous unattended cardiac monitoring will support clinician to understand the nature of the physical activities. This pilot study is proposed to assess the cardiac activities using multi features with KNN classifier. ECG was collected from healthy volunteers under rest and during exercise. The time and frequency domain features such as BPM, QRS duration, RR interval, SD, CV, RMSRR, NN50, SDNN, Shannon entropy, log entropy, and sample entropy were extracted. Further, multi-classification was employed using KNN classifier. The performance of KNN classifier is tested in terms of classification accuracy and elapsed time and it was found that Euclidean distance for k=2 was showing better performance. Statistical analysis was performed to confirm the suitability of the features using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and box plot. Among the features BPM, QRS, RR, sample and log entropies were found to be significant. Specifically, sample entropy provided to be the best candidate with p<0.01. The study reveals an overall classification accuracy of 90% was obtained.
Comparative Analysis of Pre-trained ResNet and DenseNet Models for the Detection of Diabetic Macular Edema

A major setback in Deep Learning (DL) is that a huge amount of data is essential to render the trained model more generalizable. Constructing a higher-order model based on insufficient data has a detrimental effect on testing performance. Transfer Learning (TL) involves less training data than conventional DL approaches and offers superior decision support. Healthcare datasets of reasonable sizes are generally inappropriate for training DL models. A promising solution to the issue would be to use TL methods for the classification of medical image datasets. This paper aims at the training and evaluation of six variants of pre-trained ResNet and three variants of pre-trained DenseNet models for Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) classification employing a public retinal Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) image dataset. Among the ResNet implementations, ResNet101V2 has delivered the highest accuracy value of 95%. And among the DenseNet implementations, DenseNet201 has yielded an exceptional classification accuracy of 99%. As all three DenseNet versions, along with the ResNet101V2 version, have produced noticeably good results (accuracy values greater than 95%), they can be used to screen the retinal OCT images of DME patients.
ENSO signature in botanical proxy time series extends terrestrial El Niño record into the (sub)tropics

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exerts significant control over the amount of Florida winter precipitation. We use a local near‐annual resolved palaeobotanical proxy record from southern Florida to test for historic ENSO variability over the past 125 years. Palaeobotanical proxies from a Florida wetland, pollen counts, and a new drought‐stress proxy based on leaf epidermal cell densities are used as indicators of moisture availability during the winter growing season. Spectral analysis and band‐pass filtering of the proxy records reveal significant variability within the 2–7 year bandwidth characteristic of ENSO, as well as decadal signatures. A maximum likelihood palaeoprecipitation reconstruction of the pollen record based on modern vegetation distributions shows values and variability comparable to instrumental records. The approach shows the dominant control of ENSO on Florida vegetation and provides a powerful means to detect discrete ENSO variability in older intervals.
IDEOM: an Excel interface for analysis of LC-MS-based metabolomics data

SUMMARY The application of emerging metabolomics technologies to the comprehensive investigation of cellular biochemistry has been limited by bottlenecks in data processing, particularly noise filtering and metabolite identification. IDEOM provides a user-friendly data processing application that automates filtering and identification of metabolite peaks, paying particular attention to common sources of noise and false identifications generated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) platforms. Building on advanced processing tools such as mzMatch and XCMS, it allows users to run a comprehensive pipeline for data analysis and visualization from a graphical user interface within Microsoft Excel, a familiar program for most biological scientists. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION IDEOM is provided free of charge at http://mzmatch.sourceforge. net/ideom.html, as a macro-enabled spreadsheet (.xlsb). Implementation requires Microsoft Excel (2007 or later). R is also required for full functionality. CONTACT michael.barrett@glasgow.ac. uk SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Medication adherence and community pharmacy: a review of education, policy and research in England

Objective The objective of this narrative review was to identify and describe the current policy, education and research related to community pharmacy and medication adherence in England. Methods Medline, Embase, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts and Pharmline were used to search for relevant research articles. Current policy documents were identified via the websites of the Department of Health in England, the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, the National Pharmacy Association, the Pharmaceutical Services Negotiating Committee and NHS Employers. All pharmacy schools in England were contacted to obtain information about the adherence-related courses they provide to undergraduate and postgraduate pharmacy students. Results National policies and guidelines in England are conducive to an increasing role for community pharmacists to support patients with medication adherence. Many pharmacy schools cover the issue of adherence in their undergraduate and postgraduate courses. Research in this area has tested the effectiveness of pharmacists providing adherence support in the form of compliance aids, education, involvement in discharge planning, and tailored interventions. Conclusion In community pharmacy in England, current policy and funding arrangements suggest there is great scope for pharmacists to support patients with medication adherence. Further research is necessary to identify the most useful, cost-effective and sustainable approach in practice.
Sensitivity of cytochrome P450-1A1 induction in fish as a biomarker for distribution of TCDD and TCDF in the Willamette River, Oregon

The sensitivity of a biomarker for environmental contamination with persistent organochlorines and PAHs (cytochrome P450-1A1 induction in feral fish) was evaluated at six sites along 314 km of the Willamette River, Oregon. Whole-body contamination of Northern squaw-fish with approximately 2 pg/g of TCDD and 20 pg/g of TCDF in Portland Harbor was significantly higher than upstream sites. Carp muscle TCDF and hepatic biomarker response were also elevated at this site, as were sediment TCDD, TCDF, and PAHs concentrations. In July, cutthroat trout TCDD concentrations above and below a bleached kraft pulp mill were similar. In October cutthroat trout below the mill contained about 2-fold more TCDD than fish upstream
The Filter Paper Method Revisited

The calibration curve for any device or method to infer suction is the most important characteristic to evaluate for reliable measurement to be obtained. Some published literature (e.g. Houston et al. 1994; Bulut et al. 2001; Leong et al. 2002) have presented results in which the calibration for the filter paper method is not unique in relation to the type of suction (i.e., total or matric). A review of the data from the literature is presented, together with data showing the reason that justifies a unique calibration curve for the filter paper. It is also shown that it is necessary to check the calibration curve by performing a quick calibration check. A procedure for calibrating the filter paper for this check is given. Fundamental matters necessary for understanding the concept on which the filter paper method is based are also presented.