Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Respiratory Syncytial Virus: A Comprehensive Review of Transmission, Pathophysiology, and Manifestation

With an increasing global incidence in children younger than the age of five, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common viral respiratory infections worldwide. Despite the increasing number of cases among infants and young children, RSV can infect any age group; however, some individuals are more high risk than others. Premature infants, young children, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals are the most likely to suffer a more severe presentation of RSV in comparison to healthy adults. RSV is transmitted through respiratory droplets via direct contact with an infected individual or with contaminated surfaces. The viral genome of RSV consists of 11 proteins. Out of these 11, two proteins allow for the attachment of the virus to the respiratory epithelial cells and fusion with host cells. Upon fusion, the viral material transfers to the host cell, where viral replication occurs. It is important to acknowledge that an individual is considered infectious and can transmit the virus even before the symptomatic presentation of RSV begins. As long as the individual is shedding the virus, he or she is considered infectious. The length of viral shedding also differs depending on the severity of the infection, who is infected, and the underlying immune status of an individual. Currently, there is no definitive treatment for RSV; however, supportive therapy is considered the mainstay treatment. Some pharmaceutical treatments such as ribavirin have been FDA-approved; however, the administration is typically limited to children and infants. Palivizumab is also administered as an immune prophylaxis; however, both therapies are constantly at the end of a cost-effective debate due to their extensively expensive nature and questionable adverse effect profiles. Supportive therapy includes hydration, supplemental oxygen, and mechanical ventilation in hospitalized cases; however, most RSV cases can be treated as outpatient cases. Prevention techniques such as hand washing and maintaining social distancing are imperative to minimize the transmission of the virus as much as remotely possible.
q-analogues of some prototype Berry phase calculations

Following the work of Macfarlane (1989) and Biedenharn (1989) the authors calculate Berry's phase for the SU(2)q model, the q-analogue of the displaced harmonic oscillator, and the generalized q-harmonic oscillator. They discuss the unusual features of their results.
Temporary threshold shifts from attendance at a rock concert

The relation between exposure level and hearing loss in rock concert attendees was studied. Six volunteer subjects, ages 16–44, participated. All except the 44‐year‐old had normal hearing sensitivity, as revealed by audiometric evaluations made immediately before the concert. They attended a Bruce Springsteen concert at the St. Louis Arena and returned to CID for another hearing test within 30 min following the concert. Noise exposure was assessed by having two subjects, seated at different locations in the arena, wear calibrated dosimeters during the event. Sixteen hours after the concert all subjects returned for a final audiometric evaluation. Results indicated that the average exposure level was 100–100.6 dBA during the 412‐h concert. Five of the six attendees had significant threshold shifts (< 50 dB) predominately in the 4‐kHz region. Measures made 16 h after the concert and thereafter indicated that hearing returned to normal in all subjects. Although no PTS was observed, comparison of these data w.
Unfolding and bifurcations of quasi-periodic tori. I: Unfolding of quasi-periodic tori

On considere des systemes dynamiques dependant des parametres a la fois conservatifs et dissipatifs. L'integrabilite dans de tels systemes est definie comme une equivariance par rapport a une action de tore appropriee. On etudie la persistence des tores quasi-periodiques invariants dans de tels systemes integrables soumis a une perturbation presqu' integrale
Evolutionary status of bright, low-mass x-ray sources/sup 1/

A model of bright, low-mass X-ray binaries is proposed which features a lower giant-branch star losing mass on a nuclear time scale to an accreting compact companion. Simple numerical models show that mass transfer rates > or =10/sup -9/ M/sub sun/ yr/sup -1/ are sustained at very nearly a constant rate until the envelope of the donor star is exhausted. The model predicts orbital periods in the range 1/sup d/-200/sup d/ and X-ray to optical luminosity ratios L/sub x//L/sub opt/roughly-equal200-1000 for these sources. It accounts in a natural way for the large fraction of the total galactic bulge luminosity emitted by a few bright (> or =10/sup 37/ ergs s/sup -1/) sources. It also accords very well with the observed X-ray and optical properties of the halo source Cyg X-2 and also with those of 2S 0921-63, provided this latter system contains a massive accreting white dwarf rather than a neutron star. Problems of the prior evolution of low-mass X-ray sources are also briefly delineated.
Magnetic helicity and force-free properties of astrophysical magnetic fields

Magnetic fields are ubiquitous in the universe and play an important role in variety of astrophysical phenomenon. It is thus very important to understand the origin, structure and strength of these astrophysical magnetic fields. In this Thesis, we use the concept of magnetic helicity conservation and properties of force-free magnetic fields to investigate the topological properties of magnetic fields in the solar corona and the amplification and nonlinear saturation of dynamo generated field in disc galaxies. For the case of solar corona, we solve the linear and nonlinear force-free field equation using photospheric boundary conditions to obtain simple axisymmetric magnetic field configurations in spherical geometry. We show that the condition of separability of solutions in the radial and angular variables leads to two classes of solutions: linear and nonlinear force-free fields (NLFF). We extended the set of NLFF solutions with radial power law index n = p/q, for all cases of odd p and cases of q > p for even p. We apply these solutions to simulate photospheric vector magnetograms obtained using the spectro-polarimeter on board Hinode and search for best-fit configurations. The effectiveness of our search strategy is demonstrated on test inputs of dipolar, axisymmetric, and non axisymmetric linear force-free fields. Using the best fit, we build threedimensional axisymmetric field configurations and calculate the energy and relative helicity with two independent meth-
DES c.1360C>T: A Rare Desmin Variant Causing Early Distal Myopathy and Cardiomyopathy

Desmin-related myopathies are characterized by progressive, distal skeletal muscle weakness, cardiomyopathy, and cardiac conduction disease caused by mutations of Desmin. A 43-year-old man with a history of heart transplant due to heart failure associated with restrictive cardiomyopathy, presented with slowly progressive distal muscle weakness in all four extremities for five years. On examination, predominantly distal quadriparesis and atrophy were noted, worse on the upper limbs, and reduced reflexes with normal sensation. His electromyographic studies were suggestive of subacute moderate motor axonal polyneuropathy secondary to the transplant immunosuppression. The patient’s father died at 33 years due to heart failure, and his 37-year-old brother, who also had a heart transplant, had noticed the development of muscle atrophy. Another electroneuromyography performed on our index patient confirmed features consistent with a distal myopathy. A genetic panel for distal myopathies with cardiac involvement identified the pathological desmin gene mutation DES (NM_001927.4) - c.1360C>T; (p.(Arg454Trp)). Desmin-related myopathies are a diagnostic challenge. The beginning of neurological symptoms several years after the cardiac symptoms and the use of immunosuppressive agents may have contributed to the early misdiagnosis.
POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY IN ISLAMIC COUNSELLING PERSPECTIVE; ANALYSIS OF THE TRILOGY OF LIFE DIMENSIONS

: Positive Psychology in the last two decades is considered one of the most productive findings in modern psychology. Because compared to some of the previous approaches, positive psychology emphasises the positive emotional side of humans. Meanwhile, the last method discussed more pathological issues; stress, depression, and others by way of healing. In this paper, we will see the concept of positive psychology from an Islamic counselling perspective. Islamic counselling as an analysis is not intended to discredit positive psychology but to add and enrich scientific insights into Islamic counselling. The method used is library research, with deductive-inductive characteristics in the data analysis. The results of this study indicate that Islamic counselling puts forward the values of religiosity and spirituality without leaving the practical side. The trilogy that forms the basis of the positive psychology concept is a pleasant life, an engaged life, and the meaningful life in line with the goals of Islamic counselling. It's just that deepening in Islamic counselling on the concept of true happiness is not only when individuals can solve their problems or become optimistic individuals but understand the purpose of creating humans as God's creatures.
Multilingual semantic fusion network for text recognition in the wild

Abstract. Most current approaches in the literature of scene text recognition train the language model via a text dataset far sparser than in natural language processing, resulting in inadequate training. Therefore, we propose a simple transformer encoder–decoder model called the multilingual semantic fusion network (MSFN) that can leverage prior linguistic knowledge to learn robust language features. First, we label the text dataset with forward, backward sequences, and subwords, which are extracted by tokenization with linguistic information. Then we introduce a multilingual model to the decoder corresponding to three different channels of the labeled dataset. The final output is fused by different channels to get more accurate results. In experiments, MSFN achieves cutting-edge performance across six benchmark datasets, and extensive ablative studies have proven the effectiveness of the proposed method. Code is available at https://github.com/lclee0577/MLViT.
Performance analysis of short channel effects immune JLFET with enhanced drive current

This manuscript reports analog/RF and noise analysis of a novel junctionless field effect transistor. To reduce the gate induced drain leakage (GIDL), step‐gate‐oxide structure is used with a high‐k buried oxide (BOX) which subsequently reduces IOFF. The off current and gate capacitance is reduced by including step‐gate‐oxide in high k‐BOX JLFET due to increase in the band to band tunneling (BTBT) width. The DIBL is reduced significantly to 0.014 which is 60% less as compared to high‐k BOX JLFET (HB JLFET). For different length and thickness of the step‐gate‐oxide, the analog/RF and noise performance of the step‐gate‐oxide JLFET with high‐k BOX (SGO HB JLFET) have also been investigated in detail. Silvaco TCAD simulation of the proposed structure for 20 nm channel length shows an extremely high ION/IOFF ratio of ~108. The subthreshold swing for the simulated structure was also found to be considerably low (82 mV/dec).
Complex oxide nanostructures by pulsed laser deposition through nanostencils

We achieved parallel nanoscale patterning of ferroelectric complex oxides by pulsed laser deposition through a nanostencil (i.e., through a pattern of apertures in a thin free-standing membrane). Ordered arrays of nanostructured barium titanate (BaTiO3) were obtained onto different substrates in a single deposition step, at room temperature, replicating accurately the aperture patterns in the stencil membrane. After a postdeposition annealing treatment, x-ray diffraction pattern showed a nanocrystalline BaTiO3 structure close to the perovskite cubic phase with grains 30–35nm in size. Their local ferroelectric properties were detected using piezoresponse force microscopy.
Changes in physicochemical, microbiological and fatty acid composition during the ripening period of artisan sheep cheese from Bulgaria

The composition of artisan sheep's milk cheese during the ripening period was studied. The raw material used for cheese production, was obtained from an indigenous Karakachan sheep from Bulgaria. It was found that the main physicochemical parameters of the cheese have changed during the study period. During the ripening process, chaaracteristics such as dry matter, total protein and fat content increased by approximately 7.0%, 3.0% and 4.0% respectively, while the water content of the samples decreased by up to 7.0%. A smooth acidification process was observed, which correlated with the high number of lactic acid bacteria. The fatty acid analysis showed that the saturated fatty acid composition was 66.0% and unsaturated fatty acids were 34.0%. During the biochemical ripening at the 60th day of the test period, the presence of linoleic polyunsaturated fatty acid was found to be 0.12%.
Boundary Layers of Circumplanetary Disks around Spinning Planets. I. Effects of Rossby Waves

Gas giant planets are believed to accrete from their circumplanetary disks (CPDs). The CPDs usually involve accretion through the boundary layer (BL) in the vicinity of planets. Prior studies have concentrated on the BL of nonspinning planets. We investigate the influence of planetary spin on the wave behaviors within the BL. The rotation profile in such BLs would show a sharp transition from the rigid rotation to the Keplerian rotation. We examine the angular momentum transport in these BLs in terms of linear perturbation analysis. We find that the global inertia-acoustic mode associated with spinning planets would give rise to the inflow of angular momentum and the accretion of gas. In this work, we identify a new kind of global mode, namely the Rossby mode. The Rossby mode can lead to the outflow of angular momentum and the decretion of gas from a spinning planet. The Rossby mode provides a negative feedback that regulates the planetary spin and mass. We compare the growth rate of the two modes as a function of the width of BL, the Mach number, and the spin rate of planets. Our results reveal the underlying hydrodynamic mechanism of terminal spins and asymptotic mass of the giant planets.
Relative ultra-wideband based localization of multi-robot systems with kinematic extended Kalman filter

Localization plays a critical role in the field of distributed swarm robotics. Previous work has highlighted the potential of relative localization for position tracking in multi-robot systems. Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology provides a good estimation of the relative position between robots but suffers from some limitations. This paper proposes improving the relative localization functionality developed in our previous work, which is based on UWB technology. Our new approach merges UWB telemetry and kinematic model into an extended Kalman filter to properly track the relative position of robots. We performed a simulation and validated the improvements in relative distance and angle accuracy for the proposed approach. An additional analysis was conducted to observe the increase in performance when the robots share their control inputs.
Sparse-IFT: Sparse Iso-FLOP Transformations for Maximizing Training Efficiency

Recent research has focused on weight sparsity in neural network training to reduce FLOPs, aiming for improved efficiency (test accuracy w.r.t training FLOPs). However, sparse weight training often sacrifices accuracy, requiring extended training schedules to attain the accuracy of dense models. In contrast, our approach, Sparse Iso-FLOP Transformations (Sparse-IFT), uses sparsity to improve accuracy while maintaining dense model FLOPs. Using a single hyperparameter (i.e., sparsity level), Sparse-IFTs efficiently replace dense layers, expanding the search space for optimal sparse masks. In addition, dynamic sparse training with Sparse-IFT models effectively navigates this larger sparse mask-weight space, which is evidenced by a spectral analysis using Ramanujan graph properties. Our study reveals a robust correlation among mask topology, weights, and final performance. Notably, without adjusting hyperparameters, replacing dense layers with Sparse-IFT yields significant improvements, such as a +3.5% boost for ResNet-18 on ImageNet and +0.9% for GPT-3 Small on the Open LLM leaderboard. To our knowledge, this is the first work to demonstrate the use of sparsity for improving the accuracy of dense models through a simple-to-use set of sparse transformations. Code is available at: https://github.com/CerebrasResearch/Sparse-IFT.
3 methods to put a Riemannian metric on Shape Space

In many applications, one is interested in the shape of an object, like the contour of a bone or the trajectory of joints of a tennis player, irrespective of the way these shapes are parameterized. However for analysis of these shape spaces, it is sometimes useful to have a parameterization at hand, in particular if one is interested in deforming shapes. The purpose of the paper is to examine three different methods that one can follow to endow shape spaces with a Riemannian metric that is measuring deformations in a parameterization independent way.
Non-perturbative particle production and differential geometry

This paper proposes a basic method for understanding stationary particle production on manifolds by means of the Stokes phenomenon. We studied the Stokes phenomena of the Schwinger effect, the Unruh effect and Hawking radiation in detail focusing on the origin of their continuous particle production. We found a possibility that conventional calculations may not explain the experimental results.
Coherent electron transfer in a coupled quantum dot nanostructure using stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

We study the potential for coherent transfer of a single electron between the ground states of two anharmonic coupled quantum dots using an adiabatic passage method. We consider the interaction of a quantum dot structure characterized by an asymmetric confining potential by two external electromagnetic fields. We use the method of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) for control of the dynamics of the electron, and ultimately for succeeding the transfer of the electron from the initially occupied quantum dot to the other quantum dot. Results for several values of the parameters of the applied electromagnetic fields are presented, and we show that STIRAP can lead to efficient coherent single electron transfer for a wide range of these parameters.
Compact Symmetric Objects. III. Evolution of the High-luminosity Branch and a Possible Connection with Tidal Disruption Events

We use a sample of 54 compact symmetric objects (CSOs) to confirm that there are two unrelated CSO classes: an edge-dimmed, low-luminosity class (CSO 1), and an edge-brightened, high-luminosity class (CSO 2). Using blind tests, we show that CSO 2s consist of three subclasses: CSO 2.0, having prominent hot spots at the leading edges of narrow jets and/or narrow lobes; CSO 2.2, without prominent hot spots and with broad jets and/or lobes; and CSO 2.1, which exhibit mixed properties. Most CSO 2s do not evolve into larger jetted active galactic nuclei (AGN), but spend their whole life cycle as CSOs of size ≲500 pc and age ≲5000 yr. The minimum energies needed to produce the radio luminosity and structure in CSO 2s range from ∼10−4 M ⊙ c 2 to ∼7 M ⊙ c 2. We show that the transient nature of most CSO 2s, and their birth rate, can be explained through ignition in the tidal disruption events of stars. We also consider possibilities of tapping the spin energy of the supermassive black hole, and tapping the energy of the accretion disk. Our results demonstrate that CSOs constitute a large family of AGN in which we have thus far studied only the brightest. More comprehensive CSO studies, with higher sensitivity, resolution, and dynamic range, will revolutionize our understanding of AGN and the central engines that power them.
Fast Complementary Dynamics via Skinning Eigenmodes

We propose a reduced-space elastodynamic solver that is well suited for augmenting rigged character animations with secondary motion. At the core of our method is a novel deformation subspace based on Linear Blend Skinning that overcomes many of the shortcomings prior subspace methods face. Our skinning subspace is parameterized entirely by a set of scalar weights, which we can obtain through a small, material-aware and rig-sensitive generalized eigenvalue problem. The resulting subspace can easily capture rotational motion and guarantees that the resulting simulation is rotation equivariant. We further propose a simple local-global solver for linear co-rotational elasticity and propose a clustering method to aggregate per-tetrahedra nonlinear energetic quantities. The result is a compact simulation that is fully decoupled from the complexity of the mesh.
Smart-Tree: Neural Medial Axis Approximation of Point Clouds for 3D Tree Skeletonization

This paper introduces Smart-Tree, a supervised method for approximating the medial axes of branch skeletons from a tree point cloud. Smart-Tree uses a sparse voxel convolutional neural network to extract the radius and direction towards the medial axis of each input point. A greedy algorithm performs robust skeletonization using the estimated medial axis. Our proposed method provides robustness to complex tree structures and improves fidelity when dealing with self-occlusions, complex geometry, touching branches, and varying point densities. We evaluate Smart-Tree using a multi-species synthetic tree dataset and perform qualitative analysis on a real-world tree point cloud. Our experimentation with synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrates the robustness of our approach over the current state-of-the-art method. The dataset and source code are publicly available.
Text2Room: Extracting Textured 3D Meshes from 2D Text-to-Image Models

We present Text2Room 1, a method for generating room-scale textured 3D meshes from a given text prompt as input. To this end, we leverage pre-trained 2D text-to-image models to synthesize a sequence of images from different poses. In order to lift these outputs into a consistent 3D scene representation, we combine monocular depth estimation with a text-conditioned inpainting model. The core idea of our approach is a tailored viewpoint selection such that the content of each image can be fused into a seamless, textured 3D mesh. More specifically, we propose a continuous alignment strategy that iteratively fuses scene frames with the existing geometry to create a seamless mesh. Unlike existing works that focus on generating single objects [56], [41] or zoom-out trajectories [18] from text, our method generates complete 3D scenes with multiple objects and explicit 3D geometry. We evaluate our approach using qualitative and quantitative metrics, demonstrating it as the first method to generate room-scale 3D geometry with compelling textures from only text as input.