Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pre-Incident Indicators of Terrorist Attacks: Weak Economies and Fragile Political Infrastructures Bring Rise to Terrorist Organizations and Global Networks

States and regions that suffer from porous borders, poverty, government corruption, fragile economies, and social fragmentation are vulnerable terrorist safe havens. Failing states have an environment conducive to terrorist activity. Regions like the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula suffer from porous borders, corruption, and fragile economies that permit terrorists to create strategic regional networks. Specifically, Somalia, a collapsed state, is a vital terrorist transport station in the Horn of Africa while Yemen, a failing state, has become the base for Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula.
Frictionally Induced Asymmetries in Wind-Driven Flows

The effect of the parameterization of lateral friction on the separation of western boundary currents is addressed in an idealized context. The study is motivated by a puzzling issue that arises from the nonlinear theory of the wind-driven double-gyre circulation in shallow-water models. Subtle changes in the representation of the lateral friction in these models have a substantial effect on both steady-state and transient flows. The aim of this paper is to explain how lateral friction introduces a north‐south asymmetry in the steady double-gyre flows and why the degree of this asymmetry depends on the type of frictional parameterization. A more conceptual model of a zonal jet in a channel turns out to be very useful to determine the dynamical processes behind the asymmetries. It is also shown that the north‐south asymmetries have an impact on the low-frequency variability of the timedependent flows. This is caused by changes in stability behavior of the steady-state flows.
Expert system based fault diagnosis for railway point machines

To meet the increasing demands for availability at reasonable cost, operators and maintainers of railway point machines are constantly looking for innovative techniques for switch condition monitoring and prediction. This includes automated fault root cause diagnosis based on measurement data (such as motor current curves) and other information. However, large, comprehensive sets of labeled data suitable for standard machine learning are not yet available. Existing data-driven approaches focus only on the differentiation of a few major fault categories at the level of the measurement data (i.e., the “fault symptoms”). There is great potential in hybrid models that use expert knowledge in combination with multiple sources of information to automatically identify failure causes at a much more detailed level. This paper discusses a Bayesian network diagnostic model for determining the root causes of faults in point machines, based on expert knowledge and few labeled data examples from the Netherlands. Human-interpretable current curve features and other information sources (e.g., past maintenance actions) are used as evidence. The result of the model is a ranking of the most likely failure causes with associated probabilities in terms of fuzzy multi-label classification, which is directly aimed at providing decision support to maintenance engineers. The validity and limitations of the model are demonstrated by a scenario-based evaluation and a brief analysis using information theoretic measures. We present the information sources used, the detailed development process and the analysis methodology. This article is intended to be a guide to developing similar models for various complex technical assets.
Spatial Distribution and Determinants of Aboveground Biomass in a Subalpine Coniferous Forest in Southwestern China

Aboveground biomass (AGB) is the most dynamic carbon pool in forest ecosystems and is sensitive to biotic and abiotic factors. Previous studies on AGB have mostly focused on tropical and temperate forests, while studies on AGB and its determinants in subalpine coniferous forests are lacking and the mechanisms are not yet clear. Here, we systematically investigated all woody plants in 630 subplots (20 m × 20 m) in the Wanglang Plot (25.2 ha) to explore the spatial distribution of AGB and the effects of topography, soil, and stand structure on AGB. The results showed that AGB varied remarkably among different subplots with an average of 184.42 Mg/ha. AGB increased significantly with aspect, soil organic matter, maximum DBH, and important value of spruce–fir, while it decreased significantly with slope, total phosphorus, and stem density. Stand structure exerted greater influences than topography and soil factors, and especially maximum DBH determines the variation of AGB. Our results are of great significance to accurately estimate and predict the productivity of this forest type, and can provide insights into the diversity maintenance of subalpine coniferous forests as well as the conservation and management of forest ecosystems.
Procesy Konsolidacyjne W Polsce, Ich Determinanty I Zwiazki Z Tendencjami Swiatowymi (M&A Transactions in Poland, Their Determinants and Associations with Global Trends)

Polish Abstract: Cel – Zbadanie zwiazku rynku procesow konsolidacyjnych w Polsce z rynkami w innych regionach oraz proba okreslenia determinant wartosci i liczby procesow na tym rynku.Metodologia badania – Analizy empiryczne oparte na danych z bazy ThomsonOne i estymacji rownan regresji, objasniajacych liczba i wartosc transakcji konsolidacyjnych w Polsce.Wyniki – Dowiedziono asocjacji zmian zachodzacych w Polsce z rynkami na swiecie, w Europie i Europie Wschodniej. Udowodniono, ze liczba transakcji w Polsce reaguje z opoznieniem w stosunku do liczby transakcji w innych regionach. Stwierdzono powiazania polskiego rynku procesow konsolidacyjnych z sytuacja panujaca na polskiej gieldzie papierow wartosciowych w Warszawie.Oryginalnosc/wartosc – Artykul zawiera pierwsza w literaturze polskiej probe ilosciowego powiazania zjawisk procesow konsolidacyjnych obserwowanych w naszym kraju ze zjawiskami na swiecie.English Abstract: Purpose – The article investigates associations between M&A transactions in Poland and processes observed in other regions. It identifies also the determinants of changes in behavior of the Polish market.Design/Methodology/Approach – Empirical analysis based on ThomsonOne database and estimation of regression models.Findings – I found a significant association between the Polish M&A market and markets in the world, in Europe and Eastern Europe. The number of transactions in Poland reacted with a delay to the number of transactions in other regions. Moreover, I found the significant relationship between Polish M&A market and the situation on the Polish stock exchange.Originality/value – The article provides the first in the Polish literature analysis of the links between the Polish M&A market and global trends.
Effect of sewage sludge liming on drug-resistant bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family

Dangerous drug multi-resistant strains of bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family are responsible for the deaths of thousands of people every year. The intestinal bacilli are found in large amounts in wastewater and sewage sludge as they are transported with human and animal feces. In the study, microbiological analysis of raw dewatered sewage sludge was performed using Microgen’s GNA + B biochemical multi-tests. Isolation of intestinal bacteria was carried out on ENDO agar. Determination of susceptibility of isolated and identified intestinal bacteria to drugs was carried out using ampicillin, co-amoxiclav, cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, amikacin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin. Antibiograms were performed using Mueller-Hinton II agar. The presence of seven species of intestinal bacteria was found before liming of sewage sludge, including two strains of Escherichia coli which demonstrate resistance to ampicillin and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. Furthermore, the following bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family were also present: Klebsiella pneumoniae , Morganella morganii , Citrobacter freundii , Yersinia aldovae , Serratia marcescens and Enteric Group 68. They showed typical susceptibility to the anti-biotics used in the study. The bacteria count in species isolated on ENDO agar ranged from 3.6 to 4.9 × 10 8 CFU/g. Three doses of Ca(OH) 2 expressed as CaO weight were used for liming: 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 kg/kg·d.m. of dewatered sludge. After a three-month process, the following intestinal bacilli were detected in the tested material: Morganella morganii , Serratia odorifera , Providencia rettgeri , Providencia stuartii , Proteus vulgaris . Providencia stuartii , Proteus vulgaris , Morganella mor-ganii and Serratia odorifera proved to be drug-resistant. Bacteria from the Alcaligenes faecalis , Pseudomonas stutzeri , Pseudomonas fluorescens and Acinetobacter lwoffi species were also found. Liming process led to a reduction in the number of intestinal bacteria of 6–8 orders of magnitude of the baseline values. None of the doses were able to eliminate Enterobacteriaceae bacteria from the sludge.
Effect of Sodium Ascorbate, Grape Seed Extract, and Aloe Vera Application after In-Office Bleaching on the Bond Strength of Enamel: A 3-Year Evaluation

Introduction Dental bleaching is the first choice to improve smile esthetics, but, in some cases, it needs to be associated with resin composite restoration to obtain a satisfactory result. Unfortunately, the bonding of resin-based materials can be impaired due to residual oxygen molecules, which can decrease the durability of the restoration. Objectives To evaluate the effect of the antioxidant application on the bond strength of bleached enamel after 24 hr and 3 years of water storage. Methods In total, 84 bovine teeth were used in this study. Of these, 77 were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide in a single session for three cycles of 15 min. Then, the specimens were divided into groups (n = 7 each): control (without bleaching), without antioxidant (WA) use; application of 10% sodium ascorbate (SA) gel, grape seed (GS) extract, and aloe vera (AV). The restorative procedure was performed immediately after bleaching, 7 and 14 days after bleaching. Specimens were sectioned and evaluated using microtensile bond strength (μTBS). Half of the resin-enamel sticks were tested after 24 hr, and the remaining half after 3 years of water storage. µTBS data were analyzed using a three-way analysis of variance, Tukey's test, and Dunnett's test. Results The lowest µTBS values were observed when the restoration was performed immediately after bleaching in the AV, GS, and WA groups when compared with the SA group (p < 0.005). However, no significant differences were observed among all groups after 3 years of water storage (p < 0.001). Conclusions SA at 10% was the most effective antioxidant agent for improving the immediate bond strength. However, independent of the antioxidant agent used, the bond strength values were maintained or recovered after 3 years of water storage. SA at 10% could be used to avoid delayed bonding procedures after in-office whitening without compromising bond strength over time. Clinical Significance. The use of antioxidants after dental bleaching can be effective in improving the bonding durability of the adhesive restorations.
The Dietary Inclusion of Ensiled Olive Cake Increases Unsaturated Lipids in Milk and Alters the Expression of Lipogenic Genes in Mammary and Adipose Tissue in Goats

Simple Summary Olive oil is known worldwide for its beneficial effects on human health. However, during its extraction, a great quantity of by-products is produced. Their utilization as a replacer of forage in goats could minimize the costs related to their management and result in their sustainable utilization as dietary ingredients. As shown in the present experiment, milk fat and protein percentages were gradually increased with increasing ensiled olive cake (OC) inclusion rates in the diets, while the milk yield was not affected. The concentration of milk mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) was also enhanced, while OC dietary supplementation was associated with the increased expression of specific genes in the mammary and adipose tissues of goats. As can be concluded, OC inclusion of up to 20% (DM) in goats’ diets as forage is recommended since milk protein, fat, and MUFA contents are increased without adversely affecting milk yield. Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the dietary inclusion of ensiled OC on milk yield, composition, fatty acid (FA) profile, and the expression of selected genes involved in lipid metabolism in the udder and adipose tissue of goats. Seventy-two Damascus dairy goats in mid-lactation were assigned randomly to three iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic diets containing 0, 10, and 20% of ensiled OC as a replacement of forage (OC0, OC10, and OC20, respectively) for 42 days. During weeks 5 and 6 of the trial, dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition, and FA profiles were recorded, while mammary and perirenal adipose tissue samples were also collected from six animals per treatment from the OC0 and OC20 groups for gene expression analysis. No significant differences were observed among groups concerning milk yield, 4% fat-corrected milk, fat, or protein yield (kg/d). In contrast, the milk fat percentage was gradually increased with increasing OC inclusion rates in the diets, while milk protein percentages were elevated in both OC groups but significantly only in the milk of the OC20 group. The content of FA between C4:0 to C16:0 was reduced, while mono-unsaturated FA (MUFA) concentration was enhanced in the goat milk of OC groups. The OC feeding treatment was associated with the increased mammary expression of SLC2A1 (p < 0.05), VLDLR (p < 0.01), FABP3 (p < 0.01), and elevated SLC2A1 (p < 0.05) and FASN (p < 0.01) gene expression in the adipose tissue of goats fed the OC20 diet. Overall, OC can be used in goats’ diets as a forage replacement, at least in the inclusion rate of 20% DM, since this could increase the milk protein and fat percentage and enrich its content with beneficial for human health lipids without adversely affecting milk production traits.
The Chaetognatha of the Monsoon Expedition in the Indian Ocean

THIS REPORT deals with the chaetognaths collected by the "R/ V Argo" during the Monsoon Expedition in the Indian Ocean in 1960 and 1961. The Monsoon collections extended from about 8° S to 42° S (Fig. 1); that is, the region roughly limited by the Equatorial Countercurrent and the Subantarctic W est Wind Drift ( the Indian Central waters extending to the Subtropical Convergence); and also the Indonesian seas and the South Australian waters. This report includes only data from the Indian Ocean. Data from collections made by the same Expedition in the Pacific have been added to the study of the chaetognaths of the Pacific. However, data derived from the Pacific are used here also in discussing the distribution of the species. The Monsoon Expedition covered in part the regions surveyed for chaetognaths by the Gazelle, Gauss, Sealark, Siboga, and Snellius expeditions, with the following exceptions: the Bay of Bengal, west coast of Ceylon, and waters of Somalia and eastern Africa. The samples were taken with a 1-m open net, towed obliquely from a depth of 200 or 360 m to the surface; and several mid-water trawls are also included (see Table I ) . It is well known that the hydrographic changes taking place in the Ind ian Ocean are influenced by the monsoon regime. The sampling extended from November 1%0 to January 196t. ' This is the season of the north east monsoon (Mattheus, 1926 ) . , Two well-defined zoogeographical boundaries were indicated in the Indian Ocean by the study of the Chaerognarha population: ( 1) the equatorial boundary extending south of the equator ( from about 5° S in the West to 15° S in the East ) , and ( 2) the Subtropical Convergence region (a t about 40° S) . These well-defined
PANCREATIC PATHOLOGY IN POULTRY DISEASES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HISTOCHEMISTRY IN CHABRO AND VANRAJA CHICKEN

: The aim of the present study was to unravel the pivotal role of pancreatic pathology in disease diagnosis during avian necropsy. The extent of pancreatic pathology in different poultry diseases of economic importance at different age groups and breeds particularly in Chabro and Vanaraja breeds of poultry has been studied to evaluate the lesions of pancreas in different pathological conditions and its correlation with various poultry diseases. An aggregate of 240 pancreases were gathered from chicken affected from different viral, bacterial, protozoal, fungal, metabolic, and toxicological diseases. The disease was confirmed by necropsy findings and further analysed by histochemistry with special staining like Gomori’s and Heidenhain’s Iron Haematoxylin staining techniques. The major histopathological changes in pancreas in decreasing order of frequency were interstitial fibrosis, congestion, individualization of acinar cells, pancreatic fat necrosis in exocrine pancreas, periductular fibrosis and capsular thickening. However, no direct correlation was found between gross pathology and histopathological findings. It has been observed that significant pancreatic pathology and their dysfunctions are an important contributory factor in chronic disease of known or idiopathic origin. Supplementation of pancreatic enzymes in poultry ration in case of disease outbreak/poor growth performance are suggestive for optimal functioning of pancreas and in turn assurance of healthy poultry flock
DETERMINANTS OF WOMEN’S TOLERANT ATTITUDES TOWARD GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN KOSOVO

Gender-based violence against women is still one of the most worrying facts in Kosovo. This paper examines determinants of women’s tolerant attitudes toward gender-based violence against women in Kosovo. An empirical assessment of determinants of tolerance towards domestic violence was conducted by utilizing data from the Kosovo Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) carried out in 2019–2020. The survey was carried out with 5,124 households, drawn from a sample representative of the whole population of Kosovo. The national representative sampling by the MICS survey allows for generalized findings. Economic conditions, lower education level, residence, marital status, and marrying age are important predictors of a higher rate of women’s tolerant attitudes toward gender-based violence among women in Kosovo. The study’s important findings open new pathways for multi-level design studies including more variables such as social support, family finances management, gender roles in parenting, health situation, institutional responsiveness, and efficacy of institutional interventions to reduce gender-based violence.
Study on the Mechanical Properties and Mechanism of a Nickel-Iron Slag Cement-Based Composite under the Action of Sodium Sulfate

The accumulated amount of nickel–iron slag has increased with the rapid development of the nickel-iron industry. To determine a method for comprehensively utilizing nickel–iron slag, triaxial compression tests of nickel–iron slag cement-based composite materials under the action of sodium sulfate were conducted, and the effects of the sodium sulfate concentration on the stress-strain relation, shear strength, cohesion, and internal friction angle of the composite materials were analyzed. In addition, the influence mechanism of the nickel–iron slag content and sodium sulfate concentration on the composite was examined. The results revealed that the stress–strain curve of the nickel–iron slag cement-based composites reflected softening. With the increase in the sodium sulfate concentration, the brittleness increased, while the shear strength, cohesion, and internal friction angle decreased; the addition of nickel–iron slag slowed down the rate at which these parameters decrease. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that nickel–iron slag can improve the internal structure of the cement composite soil, enhance its compactness, and improve its corrosion resistance. The optimum nickel–iron slag content of 14% can improve the cementitious composites’ resistance to sodium sulfate erosion in terms of solid waste utilization and cementitious soil performance. The results obtained can provide technical parameters for preparing and designing cement-based composite materials as well as certain theoretical significance and engineering reference value.
Prescribing for Daylight: Can We Account for the Disparate Measures Within A Unified Framework?

The potential for a building design to provide daylight for general illumination was, until very recently, evaluated using only the daylight factor, i.e. a ratio of internal to external illumination under a single standardised overcast sky. Other known effects of daylight, such as the occurrence of visual discomfort which is more likely to occur during non-overcast conditions, were assessed or estimated by other means, often relying more on the skill of the experienced lighting designer than by use of a repeatable set procedure. In the last few decades there has been a gradual increase in awareness of the non-visual effects of daylight/light received by the eye Webb (2006). The quality and nature of the internal daylit environment is believed to have a significant effect on human health in addition to general well-being and worker productivity. Demonstrating compliance with various guidelines at the design stage is an ever increasing concern. For daylight this is invariably carried out nowadays using simulation rather than scale models. After many decades of reliance on the daylight factor as the sole quantitative daylight metric, there has been an explosion of activity in daylight modelling research which has delivered numerous new techniques, approaches and metrics. This paper describes various end-user requirements - both current and emerging - for daylight modelling and discusses how these might be accommodated within a single modelling framework.
Changes in Fish Assemblages in the Tidal Hudson River, New York

The main channel of the Hudson River is a tidal estuary from its mouth in New York Harbor to Troy, New York, 247 km upstream. It drains about 35,000 km 2 and is an important navigational, commercial, and recreational system. Since the arrival of European settlers over 400 years ago, it has undergone numerous environmental changes. These changes have included channel maintenance by dredging, wholesale dumping of industrial and domestic wastes, scattered in-basin urbanization and shoreline development, deforestation of the watershed and an increase in agriculture, and water removal for commercial, industrial, and agricultural needs. In addition, the biota of the river has supported commercial and recreational harvesting, exotic species have become established, and habitats have become fragmented, replaced, changed in extent, or isolated. The tidal portion of the Hudson River is among the most-studied water bodies on Earth. We use data from surveys conducted in 1936, the 1970s, the 1980s, and the 1990s to examine changes in fish assemblages and from other sources dating back to 1842. The surveys are synoptic but use a variety of gears and techniques and were conducted by different researchers with different study goals. The scale of our assessment is necessarily coarse. Over 200 species of fish are reported from the drainage, including freshwater and diadromous species, estuarine forms, certain life history stages of primarily marine species, and marine strays. The tidal Hudson River fish assemblages have responded to the environmental changes of the last century in several ways. Several important native species appear to be in decline (e.g., rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax and Atlantic tomcod Microgadus tomcod), others, once in decline, have rebounded (e.g., striped bass Morone saxatilis), and populations of some species seem stable (e.g., spottail shiner Notropis hudsonius). No native species is extirpated from the system, and only one, shortnose sturgeon