Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A global view of the inner accretion and ejection flow around super massive black holes

Context. Understanding the physics and geometry of accretion and ejection around super massive black holes (SMBHs) is important to understand the evolution of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and therefore of the large scale structures of the Universe. Aims. We aim at providing a simple, coherent, and global view of the sub-parsec accretion and ejection flow in AGN with varying Eddington ratio, ṁ, and black hole mass, MBH. Methods. We made use of theoretical insights, results of numerical simulations, as well as UV and X-ray observations to review the inner regions of AGN by including different accretion and ejection modes, with special emphasis on the role of radiation in driving powerful accretion disk winds from the inner regions around the central SMBH. Results. We propose five ṁ regimes where the physics of the inner accretion and ejection flow around SMBHs is expected to change, and that correspond observationally to quiescent and inactive galaxies; low luminosity AGN (LLAGN); Seyferts and mini-broad absorption line quasars (mini-BAL QSOs); narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) and broad absorption line quasars (BAL QSOs); and super-Eddington sources. We include in this scenario radiation-driven disk winds, which are strong in the high ṁ, large MBH regime, and possibly present but likely weak in the moderate ṁ, small MBH regime. Conclusions. A great diversity of the accretion/ejection flows in AGN can be explained to a good degree by varying just two fundamental properties: the Eddington ratio ṁ and the black hole mass MBH, and by the inclusion of accretion disk winds that can naturally be launched by the radiation emitted from luminous accretion disks.
Ion-proton pulsars

Evidence derived with minimal assumptions from existing published observations is presented to show that an ion-proton plasma is the source of radio-frequency emission in millisecond and in normal isolated pulsars. There is no primary involvement of electron-positron pairs. This conclusion has also been reached by studies of the plasma composition based on well-established particle-physics processes in neutron stars with positive polar-cap corotational charge density. This work has been published in a series of papers which are also summarized here. It is now confirmed by simple analyses of the observed radio-frequency characteristics, and its implications for the further study of neutron stars are outlined.
Field Reentrance of the Hidden Order State of URu2Si2 under Pressure

Combination of neutron scattering and thermal expansion measurements under pressure shows that the so-called hidden order phase of URu 2 Si 2 reenters in magnetic field when antiferromagnetism (AF) collapses at H AF ( T ). Macroscopic pressure studies of the HO–AF boundaries were realized at different pressures via thermal expansion measurements under magnetic field using a strain gauge. Microscopic proof at a given pressure is the reappearance of the resonance at Q 0 =(1,0,0) under field which is correlated with the collapse of the AF Bragg reflections at Q 0 .
Assessment of Allelopathic Potential of Selected Legume Leaf Extracts on Seedling Growth of Raphanus sativus L.

The aim of the present investigation was to assess the allelopathic potential of 25 Bangladeshi legume plants against the seedling development of the allelopathic-sensitive plant Raphanus sativus L. Five distinct concentrations of these plant species' aqueous leaf extracts viz., 1:05, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, and 1.25 (w/v) were employed. Every time, distilled water (with no extract) was acted as a control, and the bioassay test was repeated three times. The inhibitory actions relied on concentration and the shoot growth was less responsive to plant extracts than the root development. The shoot growth of R. sativus was less inhibited (70%) by lentil (Lens culinaris) leaf extract whilst African dhaincha (Sesbania aculeate L) at concentration of 1:05 (w/v) provided the highest inhibition (100%). At a concentration of 1:10 (w/v), the root of Krishnochura (Delonix regia), Sada koroi (Albizia procera), Radhachura (Peltophorum pterocarpum), Minjiri, (Cassia siamea), Polash (Butea monosperma), Ipilipil (Leucaena leucocephala), Tripatri shak (Desmodium triflorum), Country bean (Lablab purpureus), Black gram (Vigna mungo), Ground nut (Arachis hypogae), Yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata) and African dhaincha (Sesbania rostrata) exhibited the highest level of inhibition (100%) while Bokful (Sesbania grandiflora), had the lowest level of inhibitory activity (87%) at the same concentration. Comparing root growth inhibition (ranged 56–81%) to shoot growth inhibition (ranged 37–77%), the aqueous leaf extracts of legume plants demonstrated a lower level of inhibition on shoot growth. Lentil (Lens culinaris) provided the lowest average inhibition (37%) on the development of R. sativus shoots and Faba bean (Vicia faba) provided the greatest average inhibition (77%). Meanwhile, Tripatri shak (Desmodium triflorum), a herb legume, provided the least average inhibition (56%) on the root development of R. sativus (56%) and Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) offered the greatest (81%) level of inhibition. Compared to the categories of legume species the shrubs had the most limitation on the growth of R. sativus shoots (65%), whereas herb species had the least (60%) of this effect. However, the tree species had the most root growth inhibition (70%) while the herb species had the lowest (68%). According to the findings, African dhaincha (Sesbania rostrata), followed by Soybean (Glycine max), Faba bean (Vicia faba), Blackgram (Vigna mungo), and Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), are prospective candidates among the examined legume plant species that have substantial allelopathic features and may be used for further allelochemical extraction and characterization.
La realidad aumentada como recurso didáctico en la enseñanza de la Educación Física

La realidad aumentada es una tecnología emergente que incentiva al aprendizaje significativo en los estudiantes, está enfocada en la motivación para convertir a los estudiantes en protagonistas de su aprendizaje, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar el empleo de la realidad aumentada como recurso didáctico en la enseñanza de la Educación Física. La investigación es de tipo descriptiva con un enfoque mixto de corte transversal, la población son los 180 posgradistas de la maestría en Educación Física y Entrenamiento Deportivo de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca, a los cuales se les aplicó un cuestionario validado por especialistas, se determina que existe poca utilización de la realidad aumentada como recurso didáctico en la enseñanza en las clases de Educación Física por parte de los docentes, por lo que se recomienda incluir en las planificaciones curriculares actividades enfocadas en la utilización de tecnologías emergentes como son la realidad aumentada.
A fully discrete framework for the adaptive solution of inverse problems

We investigate and contrast the differences between the discretize-then-differentiate and differentiate-then-discretize approaches to the numerical solution of parameter estimation problems. The former approach is attractive in practice due to the use of automatic differentiation for the generation of the dual and optimality equations in the first-order KKT system. The latter strategy is more versatile, in that it allows one to formulate efficient mesh-independent algorithms over suitably chosen function spaces. However, it is significantly more difficult to implement, since automatic code generation is no longer an option. The starting point is a classical elliptic inverse problem. An a priori error analysis for the discrete optimality equation shows consistency and stability are not inherited automatically from the primal discretization. Similar to the concept of dual consistency, We introduce the concept of optimality consistency. However, the convergence properties can be restored through suitable consistent modifications of the target functional. Numerical tests confirm the theoretical convergence order for the optimal solution. We then derive a posteriori error estimates for the infinite dimensional optimal solution error, through a suitably chosen error functional. This estimates are constructed using second order derivative information for the target functional. For computational efficiency, the Hessian is replaced by a low order BFGS approximation. The efficiency of the error estimator is confirmed by a numerical experiment with multigrid optimization.
Dynamic Caching for Files With Rapidly-Varying Features and Content

Proactive caching shows great potential to minimize peak download rates by caching popular data, in advance, at the edge. Fast-changing file features, such as fast-changing file popularities and fast-changing file contents (data freshness), represent a challenge for proactive caching if cache content update is much slower, which decreases the efficiency and usability of caching. We present a dynamic caching scheme that updates local user caches and optimizes the use of caching resources. The developed scheme index-code the updates with the delivery messages. The developed scheme is presented for a network with one cache-enabled server, that has a pool of files, communicating with $K$ cache-enabled receivers with requests limited to the server’s file pool. The developed scheme assumes partial knowledge of features variation. Asynchronous file delivery is assumed as a result of non-flexible receivers’ request timing. We show that the file delivery messages can be used to proactively and constantly update the receivers’ finite caches by index-coding the update messages with delivery messages at no additional rate-cost. We also show that this mechanism reduces the downloaded traffic and can be used to reduce other QoS metrics.
Prediction of Aero-Engine Remaining Useful Life Combined with Fault Information

Since the fault information of an aero-engine is very important for the remaining useful life of an aero-engine, the paper proposes to combine the fault information for the remaining useful life prediction of an aero-engine. Firstly, we preprocessed the signals of the dataset. Next, the preprocessed signals were used to train a CNN (convolutional neural network)-based fault diagnosis model and obtain fault features from the model. Then, we combined BIGRU (bidirectional gated recurrent unit) and the fault features to predict the remaining useful life of the aero-engine. We used the CMAPSS (commercial modular aviation propulsion system simulation) dataset to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. After that, comparison experiments with different parameters, structures, and models were conducted in the paper.
A note on the number of m-th roots of permutations

Let $m$ be a fixed positive integer. It is well-known that a permutation $\sigma$ may have one, many, or no $m$-th roots. In this note we provide an explicit expression and a generating function for the number of $m$-th roots of $\sigma$. Let $p_m(n)$ be the probability that a random $n$-permutation has a $m$-th root. We also include a proof that $p_m(jq)=p_m(jq+1)=. =p_m(jq+(q-1))$ where $j=0,1,. $ and $m$ is a power of prime $q$.
Oscillatory instability of fully 3D flow in a cubic diagonally lid-driven cavity

A transition to unsteadiness of a flow inside a cubic diagonally lid-driven cavity with no-slip boundaries is numerically investigated by a series of direct numerical simulations (DNS) performed on 100^3 and 200^3 stretched grids. It is found that the observed oscillatory instability is setting in via a subcritical symmetry-breaking Hopf bifurcation. The instability evolves on two vortices in a coupled manner. Critical values of Reynolds number Recr=2320 and non-dimensional angular oscillating frequency omegacr=0.249 for transition from steady to oscillatory flow are accurately estimated. Characteristic patterns of the 3D oscillatory flow are presented.
Projective symmetry of partons in the Kitaev honeycomb model

Low-energy states of quantum spin liquids are thought to involve partons living in a gauge-field background. We study the spectrum of Majorana fermions of Kitaev's honeycomb model on spherical clusters. The gauge field endows the partons with half-integer orbital angular momenta. As a consequence, the multiplicities reflect not the point-group symmetries of the cluster, but rather its projective symmetries, operations combining physical and gauge transformations. The projective symmetry group of the ground state is the double cover of the point group.
The impact of womens economic empowerment on the rise of female entrepreneurship and human capital in South Africa

: Studies revealed that women are less likely to be entrepreneurs and face more disadvantages starting businesses than men, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, the authors investigated the importance of women’s economic empowerment and its impact on the rise of female entrepreneurship and human capital in Botswana. Objectives: The paper aims to get an in-depth insight into the issue and to recognize the most relevant factors and how they influence female entrepreneurship in the selected country. The findings should underline the importance of policies and initiatives for female entrepreneurs and the consequential positive effect on the country’s progress in achieving gender equality and economic growth. Methods/ approach: The research included a case study analysis with four in-depth expert interviews. Data triangulation ensured the study's validity, and the case was examined through pattern matching.
Spin Hall effect in graphene due to random Rashba field

Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences,ul. M. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznan´, Poland(Dated: January 9, 2014)Spin Hall eﬀect due to random Rashba spin-orbit coupling in the two-dimensional honeycomblattice of carbon atoms (graphen) is considered theoretically. Using the Green function method anddiagrammatic technique we show that ﬂuctuations of the Rashba interaction around zero averagevalue give rise to nonzero spin Hall conductivity. Generally, the conductivity is not universal, butdepends on the ratio of the total momentum and spin-ﬂip relaxation rates.
Running spectral index and mode-mode correlation of inflationary perturbations from off-equilibrium effects

We study the off-equilibrium effects of inflaton on the dynamics of primordial perturbations in the O(N) model. A self-consistent off-equilibrium formalism is employed to investigate the evolution of the inflationary background field and its fluctuations with the back-reaction effects. We find two observable remains left behind the off-equilibrium processes: the running spectral index of primordial density perturbations and the correlations between perturbation modes in phase space, which would serve as the imprints to probe the epoch of inflation, even beyond.
Surface configuration in R + μ4/R gravity

We investigate the conditions on the additional constant μ in the so-called R + μ4/R theory of gravity, due to existence of different kinds of space-like surfaces in both weak field and strong field limits, and their possible correspondence to black hole event horizons. Adopting a Schwarzschild limit, we probe the behavior of μ in different contexts of radial and radial–rotational congruence of null geodesics. We show that these cases serve as correspondents to black hole horizons in some peculiar cases of study.
Research on a quantitative trading strategy based on high-frequency trading

This article aims to develop a quantitative trading strategy that maximizes profits while finding the best balance of risk and return. We built a high-frequency trading strategy model to maximize profits. We first used the Apriori algorithm to find frequency item sets in historical data before fitting the best daily dynamic position adjustment functions for gold and bitcoin using mathematical statistics and other methods based on price movements. Then we can trade to increase and decrease positions in gold and bitcoin based on the positions suggested by the dynamic position adjustment function. We also simulated three investors with different risk preferences trading using this high-frequency trading model for up to five years and obtained return of 266.05 %, 152.51 %, and 33.29 %, respectively.
Time-dependent pair cascades in magnetospheres of neutron stars - I. Dynamics of the polar cap cascade with no particle supply from the neutron star surface

I argue that the problem of electromagnetically driven electron–positron cascades in magnetospheres of neutron stars must be addressed starting from first principles. I describe a general numerical algorithm for doing self-consistent kinetic simulations of electron–positron cascades – wherein particle acceleration, pair creation and screening of the electric field are calculated simultaneously – and apply it to model the Ruderman & Sutherland cascade in one dimension. I find that pair creation is quite regular and quasi-periodic. In each cycle a blob of ultra-relativistic electron–positron plasma is generated; it propagates into the magnetosphere leaving a tail of less relativistic plasma behind, and the next discharge occurs when this mildly relativistic plasma leaves the polar cap. A short burst of pair formation is followed by a longer quiet phase when accelerating electric field is screened and no pairs are produced. Some of freshly injected electron–positrons pairs get trapped in plasma oscillations creating a population of low-energy particles. The cascade easily adjusts to the current density required by the pulsar magnetosphere by reversing some of the low-energy particles. Each discharge generates a strong coherent superluminal electrostatic wave, which may be relevant for the problem of pulsar radioemission.
Media representations of social housing before and during COVID-19: the changing face of the socially excluded

Abstract Existing research demonstrates that the mainstream media produces and reproduces highly stigmatising representations of social housing. Such representations are largely underpinned by a moral underclass discourse, which blames individuals’ social exclusion on their own moral deficiencies. However, since the COVID-19 pandemic, social, economic, and political contexts have changed significantly, and problems that were once perceived to be the result of individuals’ deficits are increasingly viewed as being beyond their control. It is therefore timely to revisit representations of social housing in the mainstream media, to examine whether such representations have also changed in line with shifting social and economic contexts. To this end, this article examines mainstream media representations of social housing in the Australian state of Queensland before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings highlight important changes in the discourses invoked in the media articles, underpinned by a shift in who is perceived as being socially excluded and why.
Mucosal Leishmaniasis Involving the Nostril and Maxillary Sinus: A Case Report

An eight-year-old child presented with nasal discharge, stuffiness, and whitish polypoid swelling in the left nostril with Bitot’s spot. Computed tomography (CT) evaluation showed complete involvement of the left nostril and maxillary sinus. Blood investigations revealed leukocytosis, raised absolute eosinophils, increased alkaline phosphatase, and reduced vitamin A levels. Histopathological examination revealed inflammatory infiltrate with Leishman-Donovan bodies, which confirms the diagnosis of mucosal leishmaniasis (ML). In the present case, the recording of demographic data is important as the child was a migrant from the leishmaniasis-endemic area of Bihar state, India. Nasal polypoid growth was removed by endoscopic surgery, followed by a combination of allopathic and polyherbal preparation. The child responded well to these therapeutic measures, and there was no recurrence of nasal discharge, stuffiness, and crustation at six-month follow-up.
Investigation on the Compensation Incentive Structure of Non-employee Directors of a Company---- Taking JP Morgan as an Example

Compensation incentive for non-employee directors is a crucial factor of building a successful company, especially for big company like JP Morgan, keeping non-employee directors always at a high level of contributing and make them perform their loyalty is extremely important. In this passage, the author is going to outline and analyze the non-employee directors’ compensation incentive structure of the bank “JP Morgan”. The author is using the 2015-2016 and 2020-2021 official proxy statement of JP Morgan as reference to compare and contrast, as well as analyzing how non-employee directors’ compensation incentive structure changed over five years. The result of this essay is that the non-employee directors’ compensation incentive structure in JP Morgan is properly constructed and well developed, there are special ways to evaluate the performance of non-employee directors. The compensation incentives for non-employee directors did not significantly increase or decrease from 2015 to 2020. This essay will promote people’s understanding about the incentive structure of JP Morgan, also get a clear and detailed understanding of how the incentive for non-employee directors benefits the income of the overall company.
Parallel Balanced Allocations: The Heavily Loaded Case

We study parallel algorithms for the classical balls-into-bins problem, in which m balls acting in parallel as separate agents are placed into n bins. Algorithms operate in synchronous rounds, in each of which balls and bins exchange messages once. The goal is to minimize the maximal load over all bins using a small number of rounds and few messages. While the case of $m=n$ balls has been extensively studied, little is known about the heavily loaded case. In this work, we consider parallel algorithms for this somewhat neglected regime of $m\gg n$. The naive solution of allocating each ball to a bin chosen uniformly and independently at random results in maximal load $m/n+Θ(\sqrtm/n\cdot łog n )$ (for $m\geq n łog n$) with high probability (w.h.p.). In contrast, for the sequential setting Berenbrink et al (SIAM J. Comput 2006) showed that letting each ball join the least loaded bin of two randomly selected bins reduces the maximal load to $m/n+O(łogłog m)$ w.h. p. To date, no parallel variant of such a result is known. We present a simple parallel threshold algorithm that obtains a maximal load of $m/n+O(1)$ w.h. p. within $O(łogłog (m/n)+łog^* n)$ rounds. The algorithm is symmetric (balls and bins all "look the same"), and balls send $O(1)$ messages in expectation per round. The additive term of $O(łog^* n)$ in the complexity is known to be tight for such algorithms (Lenzen and Wattenhofer Distributed Computing 2016). We also prove that our analysis is tight, i.e., algorithms of the type we provide must run for $Ømega(\min\łogłog (m/n),n\ )$ rounds w.h. p. Finally, we give a simple asymmetric algorithm (i.e., balls are aware of a common labeling of the bins) that achieves a maximal load of $m/n + O(1)$ in a constant number of rounds w.h. p. Again, balls send only a single message per round, and bins receive $(1+o(1))m/n+O(łog n)$ messages w.h. p. This goes to show that, similar to the case of $m=n$, asymmetry allows for highly efficient solutions.