Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bodies: Sex, Violence, Disease, and Death in Contemporary Legend

Because they are so often told as news, contemporary legends force us to reevaluate life as we know it. They confront us with macabre, fantastic, horrific, or hilarious characters and events that seem to come straight out of myths and folktales, but are presented as present day events. The difficulty is that it is not at all easy to decide whether these often disturbing stories should be treated as reliable or dismissed as fantasy. The legends explored in this book are some of the most bizarre, gruesome, and politically sensitive stories in the contemporary legend canon. At any moment a body may be invaded by noxious creatures, deliberately infected with deadly disease, or raided to provide donor organs for sick foreigners. These are ""winter's tales,"" the stuff of nightmares. In this book Gillian Bennett traces the cultural history of six legends, well-known in Europe and America from medieval times to the present day. Appearing in broadsides, ballads, myths, ancient and modern legends, novels, plays, films, television shows, and stories told in the oral tradition, these legends are not just silly tales which can be dismissed as trivial and untrue. They reveal much about the concerns and fears of everyday life and demonstrate the limits of knowledge and power in the modern world. Gillian Bennett is the author of ""Alas, Poor Ghost! "": Traditions of Belief in Story and Discourse and Traditions of Belief: Women and the Supernatural and coauthor of the standard legend bibliography and reader. She lives in Stockport, United Kingdom.
Near maximum likelihood multiuser receivers for direct sequence code division multiple access

Wideband wireless access based on direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) has been adopted for third-generation mobile communications systems. Hence, DS-CDMA downlink communications systems form the platform for the work in this thesis. The principles of the spread spectrum concept and DS-CDMA technology are first outlined, including a description of the system model and the conventional receiver. The two classes of codes used in this system, namely spreading codes and forward error correction codes (including Turbo codes), are discussed. Due to the fact that practical communications channels are non-ideal, the performance of an individual user is interference limited. As a result, the capacity of the system is greatly restricted. Fortunately, multiuser detection is a scheme that can effectively counteract this multiple access interference. However, the optimum multiuser detection scheme is far too computationally intensive for practical use. Hence, the fundamental interest here is to retain the advantages of multiuser detection and simplify its implementation. The objective of the thesis is to investigate the optimum multiuser receiver, regarded on a chip level sampling basis. The aim is to reduce the complexity of the optimum receiver to a practical and implementable level while retaining its good performance. The thesis first reviews various existing multiuser receivers. The chip-based maximum likelihood sequence estimation (CBMLSE) detector is formulated and implemented. However, the number of states in the state-transition trellis is still exponential in the number of users. Complexity cannot be reduced substantially without changing the structure of the trellis. A new detector is proposed which folds up the original state-transition trellis such that the number of states involved is greatly reduced. The performance is close to that of the CBMLSE. The folded trellis detector (FTD) can also be used as a preselection stage for the CBMLSE. The FTD selects with high accuracy the few symbol vectors that are more likely to be transmitted. The CBMLSE is then used to determine the most likely symbol vector out of the small subset of vectors. The performance of this scheme is as good as the CBMLSE. The FTD is also applied in an iterative multiuser receiver that exploits the powerful iterative algorithm of Turbo codes. Declaration of originality I hereby declare that the research recorded in this thesis and the thesis itself was composed and originated entirely by myself in the Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering at The University of Edinburgh. The software program used to perform the simulations was written by myself with the following exceptions: The routines used to generate Gaussian distributed noise and uniform distributed deviates were obtained from Numerical recipes in C [1]. The routines that perform convolutional encoding and decoding (using the Viterbi algorithm) were obtained from the World Wide Web, URL http://people.qualcomm. com/karn/code/fec/. Hak Keong Sim November 2000
Ethanol and signal transduction in the liver

The liver is a major target for both short‐ and long‐term actions of ethanol. The mechanisms that mediate the response of cells and tissues to chronic intake of ethanol are unknown, but it is likely that both adaptive and deleterious responses are triggered by short‐term interactions of the cell with ethanol. Cellular signaling processes are candidates to mediate the connection between short‐ and long‐term actions of ethanol. Receptor‐coupled signal transduction systems in the plasma membrane of many different cell types are affected by ethanol. In the liver, the signaling processes associated with phospholipases C and D are particularly responsive to ethanol. In this review, we investigate the direct and indirect short‐term effects of ethanol on the signal transduction systems in liver and discuss the possible implications for the responses of the liver to chronic ethanol exposure. —Hoek, J. B. ; Thomas, A. P.; Rooney, T. A. : Higashi, K. ; Rubin, E. Ethanol and signal transduction in the liver. FASEB J. 6: 2386‐2396; 1992.
CALL FOR PAPERS NextGen Sequencing Technology-based Dissection of Physiological Systems Effect of the metabolic environment at key stages of follicle development in cattle: focus on steroid biosynthesis

Series 25: Abstract 55, 2000. 75. Stocco DM. StAR protein and the regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis. Annu Rev Physiol 63: 193–213, 2001. 76. Stocco DM, Clark BJ, Reinhart AJ, Williams SC, Dyson M, Dassi B, Walsh LP, Manna PR, Wang XJ, Zeleznik AJ, Orly J. Elements involved in the regulation of the StAR gene. Mol Cell Endocrinol 177: 55–59, 2001. 77. Stronge AJ, Sreenan JM, Diskin MG, Mee JF, Kenny DA, Morris DG. Post-insemination milk progesterone concentration and embryo survival in dairy cows. Theriogenology 64: 1212–1224, 2005. 78. Sunderland SJ, Crowe MA, Boland MP, Roche JF, Ireland JJ. Selec- tion, dominance and atresia of follicles during the oestrous cycle of heifers. J Reprod Fertil 101: 547–555, 1994. 79. Townson DH, Wang XJ, Keyes PL, Kostyo JL, Stocco DM. Expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in the corpus luteum of the rabbit: dependence upon the luteotropic hormone, estradiol-17 beta. Biol Reprod 55: 868–874, 1996. 80. Vanholder T, Leroy JL, Soom AV, Opsomer G, Maes D, Coryn M, de Kruif A. Effect of non-esterified fatty acids on bovine granulosa cell steroidogenesis and proliferation in vitro. Anim Reprod Sci 87: 33–44, 2005. 81. Viturro E, Koenning M, Kroemer A, Schlamberger G, Wiedemann S, Kaske M, Meyer HH. Cholesterol synthesis in the lactating cow: induced expression of candidate genes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 115: 62–67, 2009. 82. Viturro E, Meyer HH, Gissel C, Kaske M. Rapid method for cholesterol analysis in bovine milk and options for applications. J Dairy Res 77: 85–89, 2008. 83. Watson ED, Thomson SR, Howie AF. Detection of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in equine ovaries. J Reprod Fertil 119: 187–192, 2000. 84. Wolfenson D, Inbar G, Roth Z, Kaim M, Bloch A, Braw-Tal R. Follicular dynamics and concentrations of steroids and gonadotropins in lactating cows and nulliparous heifers. Theriogenology 62: 1042–1055, 2004. 85. Yivgi-Ohana N, Sher N, Melamed-Book N, Eimerl S, Koler M, Manna PR, Stocco DM, Orly J. Transcription of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in the rodent ovary and placenta: alternative modes of cyclic adenosine 3=, 5=-monophosphate dependent and independent regulation. Endocrinology 150: 977–989, 2009. 86. Zielak AE, Canty MJ, Forde N, Coussens PM, Smith GW, Lonergan P, Ireland JJ, Evans ACO. Differential expression of genes for tran- scription factors in theca and granulosa cells following selection of a dominant follicle in cattle. Mol Reprod Dev 75: 904–914, 2008. 517 METABOLIC DISTURBANCES AFFECT FOLLICLE FUNCTION Physiol Genomics • doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00178. 2011 • www.physiolgenomics. org
Recent advances in antiemetics: new formulations of 5HT3-receptor antagonists

Purpose To discuss new therapeutic strategies for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) involving 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5HT3)-receptor antagonists (RAs). Summary CINV remains poorly controlled in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) or highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC); nausea and delayed-phase CINV (24–120 hours after chemotherapy) are the most difficult to control. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) antiemesis-guideline recommendations for HEC include a four-drug regimen (5HT3 RA, neurokinin 1 [NK1] RA, dexamethasone, and olanzapine). For some MEC regimens, a three-drug regimen (5HT3 RA, NK1 RA, and dexamethasone) is recommended. While 5HT3 RAs have dramatically improved CINV in the acute phase (0–24 hours after chemotherapy), their efficacy declines in the delayed phase. Newer formulations have been developed to extend 5HT3-RA efficacy into the delayed phase. Granisetron extended-release subcutaneous (GERSC), the most recently approved 5HT3 RA, provides slow, controlled release of therapeutic granisetron concentrations for ≥5 days. GERSC is included in the NCCN and ASCO guidelines for MEC and HEC, with NCCN-preferred status for MEC in the absence of an NK1 RA. Efficacy and safety of 5HT3 RAs in the context of guideline-recommended antiemetic therapy are reviewed. Conclusion Recent updates in antiemetic guidelines and the development of newer antiemet-ics should help mitigate CINV, this dreaded side effect of chemotherapy. GERSC, the most recently approved 5HT3-RA formulation, is indicated for use with other antiemetics to prevent acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of MEC and anthracycline–cyclophosphamide combination-chemotherapy regimens.
Invariances in the architecture of pride across small-scale societies

Significance It has been proposed that one key function of pride is to guide behavior in ways that would increase others’ valuation of the individual. To incline choice, the pride system must compute for a potential action an anticipated pride intensity that tracks the magnitude of the approval or deference that the action would generate among local audiences. Data from industrial mass societies support this expectation. However, it is presently not known whether those data reflect cultural evolutionary processes or a panhuman adaptation. Experiments conducted in 10 traditional small-scale societies with widely varying cultures and subsistence modes replicate the pattern observed in mass societies. This suggests that pride is a universal system that is part of our species’ cooperative biology. Becoming valuable to fellow group members so that one would attract assistance in times of need is a major adaptive problem. To solve it, the individual needs a predictive map of the degree to which others value different acts so that, in choosing how to act, the payoff arising from others’ valuation of a potential action (e.g., showing bandmates that one is a skilled forager by pursuing a hard-to-acquire prey item) can be added to the direct payoff of the action (e.g., gaining the nutrients of the prey captured). The pride system seems to incorporate all of the elements necessary to solve this adaptive problem. Importantly, data from western(-ized), educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) societies indicate close quantitative correspondences between pride and the valuations of audiences. Do those results generalize beyond industrial mass societies? To find out, we conducted an experiment among 567 participants in 10 small-scale societies scattered across Central and South America, Africa, and Asia: (i) Bosawás Reserve, Nicaragua; (ii) Cotopaxi, Ecuador; (iii) Drâa-Tafilalet, Morocco; (iv) Enugu, Nigeria; (v) Le Morne, Mauritius; (vi) La Gaulette, Mauritius; (vii) Tuva, Russia; (viii) Shaanxi and Henan, China; (ix) farming communities in Japan; and (x) fishing communities in Japan. Despite widely varying languages, cultures, and subsistence modes, pride in each community closely tracked the valuation of audiences locally (mean r = +0.66) and even across communities (mean r = +0.29). This suggests that the pride system not only develops the same functional architecture everywhere but also operates with a substantial degree of universality in its content.
PUBLIC AWARENESS OF RISK FACTORS AND SCREENING FOR COLORECTAL CANCER AMONG SAUDI ARABIA POPULATION, 2016.

* Ibrahim Ahmed Alzahrani , Mather Jafar Alabduljabbar, Mariam Jaber Aljehani, Asma Mushabab Alahmari 3 , Mohammad Mustafa Aljafar 4 , Ahmad Hamdan Almohammadi 1 and Amal M. Ayoub Omar 1 . 1. Medical intern, Taibah University. 2. Medical intern, Ibn Sina National College. 3. Medical student, Almaarefa colleges. 4. Medical intern, Saudi University. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Reassignment of vertebrate ichnotaxa from the Upper Carboniferous ‘ Fern Ledges ’ , Lancaster Formation , Saint John , New Brunswick , Canada

Vertebrate ichnotaxa described by George Frederic Matthew in 1910 from the Upper Carboniferous (Lower Pennsylvanian) ‘Fern Ledges’ of Saint John, New Brunswick, were dismissed as dubious trackways by previous authors. Thus, three new ichnospecies Matthew described appeared in the 1975 Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology as “unrecognized or unrecognizable” and were mostly forgotten by vertebrate ichnologists. These traces include Hylopus (? ) variabilis, Nanopus (? ) vetustus and Bipezia bilobata. One ichnospecies, Hylopus (? ) variabilis, here is retained as a valid tetrapod footprint ichnotaxon and reassigned to the ichnogenus Limnopus as a new combination, together with other poorly preserved specimens Matthew labeled, but never described. Nanopus (? ) vetustus and Bipezia bilobata named by Matthew in the same paper, have been reexamined and remain as nomina dubia.
Generational differences among stakeholders regarding CSR advocacy in a developing country

Following the renewed focus on and demand for corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the contemporary business environment lately, the concept that originates from the Western-country context has also appeared in developing countries starting to gain more traction and shape the corporate initiatives. In this way, naturally, CSR has also raised its head in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) lately, but given that the population of the region is typically thought to be rejecting against social responsibility, the concept did not seem to be rooted in the region. Nonetheless, recent studies suggest that there is a significant change happening in the region, more specifically in Hungary, in terms of the advocacy for CSR, which provokes a number of interesting questions that are worth answering. Among others it would be important to see what may cause the perceived change regarding the acceptance and likeability of the concept in a country, that comprehensively objects volunteerism and social responsibility and whether the approach of the whole of the population is suddenly changing towards CSR or – knowing that Millennials drive the change towards the advocacy of CSR in the Western context – it could be possible that a certain age group is leading this change in Hungary as well. If so, studying what might evoke their support and hinder that of the older generations could also yield interesting results. In fact, looking at whether there are differences with regards to how certain age groups perceive the notion and lastly, if there is really a change in the mind-sets in relation to CSR one can argue about, are also crucial factors to consider. By relying on data from four in-depth focus group sessions, the current perspectives and attitudes of the Hungarian citizens get investigated in the frame of this study. Essentially, therefore, the thesis endeavours to find answers to three key questions: (1) How do Hungarian citizens make sense of CSR? (2) In what ways does generational difference contribute to understandings of and attitudes towards CSR? (3) How do Millennials define their role in promoting CSR in Hungary compared to the older generations? With answering them, the author aims to investigate the distinctive features and peculiarities of CSR in an emerging nation and present the directions CSR as a concept has taken and is taking in a once socialist country, that, being part of CEE as a region can also indicate the perceptions of the citizens and the evolution CSR is undergoing with regards to the neighbouring states.
Supplementary material for : Observation of Atom Number Fluctuations in a Bose-Einstein Condensate

M. A. Kristensen,1 M. B. Christensen,1 M. Gajdacz,1 M. Iglicki,2, 3 K. Pawłowski,2 C. Klempt,4 J. F. Sherson,1 K. Rzążewski,2 A. J. Hilliard,1 and J. J. Arlt1 Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Center for Theoretical Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland. Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland. Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
Becoming a midwife in the 21st century

List of contributors. Acknowledgements. Introduction (Ian Peate & Cathy Hamilton). 1. Effective Communication (Tandy Deane-Gray). 2. The Aims of Antenatal Care (Laura Abbott). 3. Programmes of Care During Childbirth (Laura Abbott). 4. Interdisciplinary Working: Seamless Working within Maternity Care (Eileen Huish & Lisa Nash). 5. Intrapartum Care (Annabel Jay & Cathy Hamilton). 6. Effective Emergency Care (Caroline Duncombe, Meryl Dimmock & Sarah Green). 7. Initial Assessment and Examination of the Newborn Baby (Lyn Dolby). 8.Effective Postnatal Care (Annabel Jay). 9. Medication and the Midwife (Cathy Hamilton). 10. Effective Documentation (Carole Yearley, Celia Wildeman & Chandra Mehta). 11. Regulating the Midwifery Profession - Protecting Women or the Profession (Christine Lawrence & Carole Yearley) 12. The Impact of Cultural Issues on te Practice of Midwifery (Celia Wildeman). 13. Legislation and the Midwife (Cathy Hamilton & Lisa Nash). 14. Confidentiality (Celia Wildeman). 15. Clinical Decision-Making (Marianne Mead). 16. Health, Safety and Environmental Issues (Lisa Nash). 17. Evidence-Based Practice (Marianne Mead). 18. Statutory Supervision of Midwives (Kath Mannion). 19. Clinical Governance Framework and Quality Assurance in Relation to Midwifery Care (Cathy Rogers, Sally Luck & Nada Schiavone). Answers to the Cultural Awareness Quiz. Glossary. Index.
Impact of HIV/AIDS on Fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa

One of the impacts of HIV/AIDS on individual women and populations in severely affected areas of Sub-Saharan Africa is change in fertility levels. HIV/AIDS has influenced fertility of individual women through proximate determinants of fertility namely marriage contraception pregnancy abortion breastfeeding postpartum abstinence pathological sterility and natural fecundity. Fertility may decline in the era of HIV/AIDS because of delayed onset of sexual relations and age at first union reduced premarital sexual relations and remarriage and increased marital dissolution. Desired family size and condom use are also increased. HIV infected women experience reduced pregnancy rate and rising levels of induced and spontaneous abortion. HIV/AIDS induces sterility increases foetal mortality and decreases frequency of sexual intercourse and production of spermatozoa. In contrast the epidemic may increase fertility due to reduced extra marital relations polygyny breastfeeding postpartum abstinence STD prevalence and spousal separation increased infant mortality and switching to condom use from more effective contraceptives. Examples of sites in Tanzania Uganda and Zambia indicate that fertility has declined in populations hard hit by HIV/AIDS epidemic. However it will take long durations of high HIV/AIDS prevalence to reduce fertility at a national scale. (authors)
Transition: an exploration of student nurse experience in their first practice placement

Nurse education has altered considerably in the past 30 years. The combined demands of a growing population with diverse health needs and an expansion of career opportunities for those traditionally recruited to nursing have made it increasingly difficult to recruit and retain a viable workforce. At the same time pressure to establish nursing as a profession has influenced how the nursing curriculum has been delivered. Schools of nursing are now established in universities and away from clinical control. However, the retention of student nurses has remained an issue for many universities and studies have identified that students are particularly at risk of leaving around the time of their first practice placement. Whilst underlying factors associated with either the student or the practice environment have been identified which may be predictors for attrition at this time, no studies have given detailed consideration to the way students cope with the process of transition from the academic setting to the practice setting. This thesis aims to research and understand how first year student nurses manage the transition into their first practice placement and studies this process through the lens of human, social and identity capital theory. Questionnaires were used to collect the initial data from an entire cohort of first year student nurses. These data were then explored in depth via face to face semi-structured interviews with 20 of these students. The findings show that the transition process is highly complex and stressful for the student. It has been made more difficult by the separation of academic and practice settings. As a result students are expected to adapt rapidly to a strong occupational culture as they enter the practice setting. In order to do this they rely heavily upon building human, social and identity capital. The students who struggle and falter at this time appear to be those who lack the skills or support they require build capital successfully. These findings have significant implications for nurse educators who must consider how a student’s abilities to build and exploit capital can be encouraged within the nursing curriculum.