Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Realistic tunnelling states for the magnetic effects in non-metallic real glasses

The discovery of magnetic and compositional effects in the low-temperature properties of multi-component glasses has prompted the need to extend the standard two-level systems (2LSs) tunnelling model. A possible extension assumes that a subset of tunnelling quasi-particles is moving in a three-welled potential (TWP) associated with the ubiquitous inhomogeneities of the disordered atomic structure of the glass. We show that within an alternative, cellular description of the intermediate-range atomic structure of glasses the tunnelling TWP can be fully justified. We then review how the experimentally discovered magnetic effects can be explained within the approach where only localized atomistic tunnelling 2LSs and quasi-particles tunnelling in TWPs are allowed. We discuss the origin of the magnetic effects in the heat capacity, dielectric constant (real and imaginary parts), polarization echo and SQUID magnetization in several glassy systems. We conclude by commenting on a strategy to reveal the mentioned tunnelling states (2LSs and TWPs) by means of atomistic computer simulations and discuss the microscopic nature of the tunnelling states in the context of the potential energy landscape of glass-forming systems
Infrared electric field sampled frequency comb spectroscopy

Generation and detection of single-cycle mid-infrared waveforms enables broadband, high-resolution spectroscopy across 3 to 27 μm. Probing matter with light in the mid-infrared provides unique insight into molecular composition, structure, and function with high sensitivity. However, laser spectroscopy in this spectral region lacks the broadband or tunable light sources and efficient detectors available in the visible or near-infrared. We overcome these challenges with an approach that unites a compact source of phase-stable, single-cycle, mid-infrared pulses with room temperature electric field–resolved detection at video rates. The ultrashort pulses correspond to laser frequency combs that span 3 to 27 μm (370 to 3333 cm−1), and are measured with dynamic range of >106 and spectral resolution as high as 0.003 cm−1. We highlight the brightness and coherence of our apparatus with gas-, liquid-, and solid-phase spectroscopy that extends over spectral bandwidths comparable to thermal or infrared synchrotron sources. This unique combination enables powerful avenues for rapid detection of biological, chemical, and physical properties of matter with molecular specificity.
Layered 2D crystals by design: optimisation of Sb$_2$Te$_3$-GeTe van der Waals superlattices

Herein a genetic algorithm for optimising the design of layered 2D heterostructure is proposed. As a proof-of-concept it is applied to Sb$_2$Te$_3$-GeTe phase-change material superlattices, and the resulting lowest energy structure is grown experimentally. The similarity of the computational and experimental structures is verified with the comparison of XRD spectra. The structure is found to be within 0.92 meV/at. from the energetically most favorable known structure for Ge$_2$Sb$_2$Te$_5$.
MoS2 nanoribbons as promising thermoelectric materials

The thermoelectric properties of MoS2 armchair nanoribbons with different width are studied by using first-principles calculations and Boltzmann transport theory, where the relaxation time is predicted from deformation potential theory. Due to the dangling bonds at the armchair edge, there is obvious structure reconstruction of the nanoribbons which plays an important role in governing the electronic and transport properties. The investigated armchair nanoribbons are found to be semiconducting with indirect gaps, which exhibit interesting width-dependent oscillation behavior. The smaller gap of nanoribbon with width N = 4 (Here, N represents the number of dimer lines or zigzag chains across the ribbon width) leads to a much larger electrical conductivity at 300 K, which outweighs the relatively larger electronic thermal conductivity when compared with those of N = 5, 6. As a result, the ZT values can be optimized to 3.4 (p-type) and 2.5 (n-type) at room temperature, which significantly exceed the performance of most laboratory results reported in the literature.
Quantum Arnoldi and conjugate gradient iteration algorithm

Arnoldi method and conjugate gradient method are important classical iteration methods in solving linear systems and estimating eigenvalues. Their efficiency often affected by the high dimension of the space, where quantum computer can play a role in. In this work, we establish their corresponding quantum algorithms. To achieve high efficiency, a new method about linear combination of quantum states will be proposed. The final complexity of quantum Arnoldi iteration method is $O(m^{3+\log (m/\epsilon)}(\log n)^2 /\epsilon^4)$ and the final complexity of quantum conjugate gradient iteration method is $O(m^{1+\log m/\epsilon} (\log n)^2 \kappa/\epsilon)$, where $\epsilon$ is precision parameter, $m$ is the iteration steps, $n$ is the dimension of space and $\kappa$ is the condition number of the coefficient matrix of the linear system the conjugate gradient method works on. Compared with the classical methods, whose complexity are $O(mn^2+m^2n)$ and $O(mn^2)$ respectively, these two quantum algorithms provide us more efficient methods to solve linear systems and to compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors of general matrices. Different from the work \cite{rebentros}, the complexity here is almost polynomial in the iteration steps. Also this work is more general than the iteration method considered in \cite{kerenidis}.
Symmetry-breaking vacua and baryon condensates in AdS/CFT correspondence

We study the gravity duals of symmetry-breaking deformations of superconformal field theories, AdS/CFT dual to Type IIB string theory on AdS{sub 5}xY where Y is a Sasaki-Einstein manifold. In these vacua both conformal invariance and baryonic symmetries are spontaneously broken. We present a detailed discussion of the supergravity moduli space, which involves flat form fields on asymptotically conical Calabi-Yau manifolds and match this to the gauge theory vacuum moduli space. We discuss certain linearized fluctuations of the moduli, identifying the Goldstone bosons associated with spontaneous breaking of nonanomalous baryonic symmetries. The remaining moduli fields are related to spontaneous breaking of anomalous baryonic symmetries. We also elaborate on the proposal that computing condensates of baryon operators is equivalent to computing the partition function of a noncompact Euclidean D3-brane in the background supergravity solution, with fixed boundary conditions at infinity.
An uncertainty principle for star formation – IV. On the nature and filtering of diffuse emission

Diffuse emission is observed in galaxies in many tracers across the electromagnetic spectrum, including tracers of star formation, such as H α and ultraviolet (UV), and tracers of gas mass, such as carbon monoxide (CO) transition lines and the 21-cm line of atomic hydrogen (H i). Its treatment is key to extracting meaningful information from observations such as cloud-scale star formation rates. Finally, studying diffuse emission can reveal information about the physical processes taking place in the interstellar medium, such as chemical transitions and the nature of stellar feedback (through the photon escape fraction). We present a physically motivated method for decomposing astronomical images containing both diffuse emission and compact regions of interest, such as H ii regions or molecular clouds, into diffuse and compact component images through filtering in Fourier space. We have previously presented a statistical method for constraining the evolutionary timeline of star formation and mean separation length between compact star-forming regions with galaxy-scale observations. We demonstrate how these measurements are biased by the presence of diffuse emission in tracer maps and that by using the mean separation length as a critical length-scale to separate diffuse emission from compact emission, we are able to remove its biasing effect. Furthermore, this method provides, without the need for interferometry or ancillary spectral data, a measurement of the diffuse emission fraction in input tracer maps and decomposed diffuse and compact emission maps for further analysis.
Mimicking spatial localization in dynamical random environment

We study the role played by noise on the QW introduced in [1], a 1D model that is inspired by a two particle interacting QW. The noise is introduced by a random change in the value of the phase during the evolution, from a constant probability distribution within a given interval. The consequences of introducing such kind of noise depend on both the center value and the width of that interval: a wider interval manifests as a higher level of noise. For some range of parameters, one obtains a quasi-localized state, with a diffusive speed that can be controlled by varying the parameters of the noise. The existence of this (approximately) localized state for such kind of time-dependent noise is, to the best of our knowledge, totally new, since localization (i.e., Anderson localization) is linked in the literature to a spatial random noise.
Real Time Phase Contrast MRI and Cerebrovascular Beat-to-Beat Variability Changes with Respiration Mode

Real-time, phase-contrast MRI (RT-PC-MRI) provides a quantitative evaluation of flow signals. Focusing the high cervical level, the fluid interchange of the intracranial compartment can thus be monitored. In the present study we address the beat-to-beat variability of the arterial, venous, and liquor flows in 30 healthy volunteers. Also, the median beats in the inspiratory and expiratory phases are derived, considering three respiratory conditions: free, paced, and deep. These results, though preliminary, clearly demonstrate the utility of this new technique.
Faking B s → μ + μ −

Recent evidence from observation of the flavor-changing neutral current decay B_s to mu+ mu- by the LHCb collaboration B(B_s to mu^+ mu^-) = (3.2 * 10^{-9}), is consistent with the latest standard model prediction B(B_s to mu^+ mu^-) = (3.23 +- 0.27) * 10^{-9}. While New Physics can still affect this decay amplitude, its contribution is certainly not the dominant one. We analyze branching ratios of the decays B_s to mu+ mu- X, with X = a photon or neutrino anti-neutrino pair, which can mimic B_s to mu+ mu- on portions of the parameter space where X is soft. We perform a model-independent standard model calculation of those processes incorporating heavy quark and chiral symmetries of QCD. We show that the considered contributions contribute to B_s to mu+ mu- at a sub-percent level.
Electron-capture supernovae exploding within their progenitor wind

The most massive stars on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB), so called super-AGB stars, are thought to produce supernovae (SNe) triggered by electron captures in their degenerate O+Ne+Mg cores. Super-AGB stars are expected to have slow winds with high mass-loss rates, so their wind density is high. The explosions of super-AGB stars are therefore presumed to occur in this dense wind. We provide the first synthetic light curves (LCs) for such events by exploding realistic electron-capture supernova (ecSN) progenitors within their super-AGB winds. We find that the early LC, i.e. before the recombination wave reaches the bottom of the H-rich envelope of SN ejecta (the plateau phase), is not affected by the dense wind. However, after the plateau phase, the luminosity remains higher when the super-AGB wind is taken into account. We compare our results to the historical LC of SN 1054, the progenitor of the Crab Nebula, and show that the explosion of an ecSN within an ordinary super-AGB wind can explain the LC features. We conclude that SN 1054 could have been a Type IIn SN without any extra extreme mass loss which was previously suggested to be necessary to account for its early high luminosity. We also show that our LCs match Type IIn SNe with an early plateau phase (`Type IIn-P') and suggest that they are ecSNe within super-AGB winds. Although some ecSNe can be bright in the optical spectral range due to the large progenitor radius, their X-ray luminosity from the interaction does not necessarily get as bright as other Type IIn SNe whose optical luminosities are also powered by the interaction. Thus, we suggest that optically-bright X-ray-faint Type IIn SNe can emerge from ecSNe. Optically-faint Type IIn SNe, such as SN 2008S, can also originate from ecSNe if their H-rich envelope masses are small. Some of them can be observed as `Type IIn-b' SNe due to the small H-rich envelope mass.
The high density phase of the k-NN hard core lattice gas model

The k-NN hard core lattice gas model on a square lattice, in which the first k next nearest neighbor sites of a particle are excluded from being occupied by another particle, is the lattice version of the hard disc model in two dimensional continuum. It has been conjectured that the lattice model, like its continuum counterpart, will show multiple entropy-driven transitions with increasing density if the high density phase has columnar or striped order. Here, we determine the nature of the phase at full packing for k up to 820 302. We show that there are only eighteen values of k, all less than k = 4134, that show columnar order, while the others show solid-like sublattice order.
Poster: CFMAP: A Robust CPU Clock Fingerprint Model for Device Authentication

The internal clock of the CPU uses oscillators made from quartz crystals. Small changes in these crystals can cause small but measurable differences in the clock frequency. Under a low CPU load, the function execution time distribution follows the Pareto distribution. However, the function execution time distribution no longer follows the Pareto distribution when the CPU load is high, and the CPU clock fingerprint becomes invalid. In view of this problem, this paper proposes an adaptive Pareto principle that adaptively adjusts the distribution according to the CPU load. Based on this, the robust CPU Clock Fingerprint Model based on the Adaptive Pareto Principle (CFMAP) is proposed. Via a KNN-based fingerprint recognition method, CFMAP solves the instability of existing CPU clock fingerprints under a high CPU load. Experiments show that the average recognition rate of CFMAP fingerprints is 96.82%. Moreover, they are highly robust against CPU load attacks and virtual machine attacks.
Evidence of a substellar companion around a very young T Tauri star

We present results from a near-infrared multi-epoch spectroscopic campaign to detect a young low-mass companion to a T Tauri star. AS 205A is a late-type dwarf (≈K5) of ~1 M ⊙ that belongs to a triple system. Independent photometric surveys discovered that AS 205A has two distinct periods ( P 1 = 6.78 and P 2 = 24.78 days) detected in the light curve that persist over several years. Period P 1 seems to be linked to the axial-rotation of the star and is caused by the presence of cool surface spots. Period P 2 is correlated with the modulation in AS 205A brightness (V) and red color (V-R), consistent with a gravitating object within the accretion disk. We here derive precise near-infrared radial velocities to investigate the origin of period P 2 which is predicted to correspond to a cool source in a Keplerian orbit with a semi-major axis of ~0.17 AU positioned close to the inner disk radius of 0.14 AU. The radial velocity variations of AS 205A were found to have a period of P ≈ 24.84 days and a semi-amplitude of 1.529 km s -1 . This result closely resembles the P 2 period in past photometric observations ( P ≈ 24.78 days). The analysis of the cross-correlation function bisector has shown no correlation with the radial velocity modulations, strongly suggesting that the period is not controlled by stellar rotation. Additional activity indicators should however be explored in future surveys. Taking this into account we found that the presence of a substellar companion is the explanation that best fits the results. We derived an orbital solution for AS 205A and found evidence of a m 2 sin i ≃ 19.25 M Jup object in an orbit with moderate eccentricity of e ≃ 0.34. If confirmed with future observations, preferably using a multiwavelength survey approach, this companion could provide interesting constraints on brown dwarf and planetary formation models.
High-frequency Shoot Multiplication and In Vitro Plantlet Regeneration from Shoot Bud Explants in Curcuma zedoaria Roscoe

ABSTRACT A rapid and efficient micropropagation protocol was developed for Curcuma zedoaria, using shoot buds as explants. Explants established on basal MS medium were transferred to 12 different medium compositions with different combinations and concentrations of plant growth hormones 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin (Kn), and thidiazuron (TDZ). The best shoot multiplication was recorded in MS medium supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg L−1) and TDZ (1.5 mg L−1), resulting in 5.3 ± 0.24 shoots of per explant and shoot length of 6.12 ± 0.19 cm. For the best in vitro root induction, the aseptic shoots excised from the culture flasks and inoculated individually on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) resulted in 74.2% root growth and 8.82 ± 0.31 roots per explant. Although callus induction was observed in MS containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), the highest callus proliferation was observed with MS and NAA (2.0 mg L−1). Micropropagated plants established on soil showed 83% survival on acclimatization to the field conditions.
Higher-order nonclassicalities in a codirectional nonlinear optical coupler: Quantum entanglement, squeezing, and antibunching

Higher-order nonclassical properties of fields propagating through a codirectional asymmetric nonlinear optical coupler which is prepared by combining a linear waveguide and a nonlinear (quadratic) waveguide operated by second harmonic generation are studied. A completely quantum mechanical description is used here to describe the system. Closed form analytic solutions of Heisenberg's equations of motion for various modes are used to show the existence of higher-order antibunching, higher-order squeezing, and higher-order two-mode and multimode entanglement in the asymmetric nonlinear optical coupler. It is also shown that nonclassical properties of light can transfer from a nonlinear waveguide to a linear waveguide.
Relativistic ferromagnetic magnon at the zigzag edge of graphene

We study the spin-wave excitations near the zigzag edge of graphene. It is rather interesting that we obtain a single branch of relativistic ferromagnetic magnon due to the presence of the open boundary. Note that magnons in antiferromagnets appear in pairs, while the single branch magnon in ferromagnets does not have relativistic dispersion. Thus, the magnon near the zigzag edge of graphene is a hybrid of both, signaling its intrinsic property as a boundary excitation that must be embedded in a higher dimensional bulk system.
Silane Coatings for Corrosion and Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion Resistance of Mild Steel: A Review

Mild steel continues to be the most extensively used construction material in several industries and constructions. However, corrosion of mild steel in aggressive environments is a major concern. Under the tremendously increasing demand for improving the coatings strategies because of the environmental concerns due to some of the traditional coatings, silane pre-treatments have been emerging as one of the effective solutions, among other strategies. Different approaches, such as adding particles of metal oxide (such as SiO2, ZrO2, Al2O3, TiO2 and CeO2), incorporating plant extracts and impregnating 2D materials into the coatings, have been employed for durable corrosion resistance, including for mitigating enhanced corrosion due to the presence of bacteria. This review discusses the critical mechanistic features of silane coatings such as the role of hydrolysis and condensation in the bonding of silanes with metal surfaces. The factors that influence the performance of the silane coatings for corrosion resistance of mild steel are discussed. In particular, this review provides insight into silane coatings for mitigating microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of mild steel.
The Influence of Intervertebral Disc Microenvironment on the Biological Behavior of Engrafted Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Intervertebral disc degeneration is the main cause of low back pain. Traditional treatment methods cannot repair degenerated intervertebral disc tissue. The emergence of stem cell therapy makes it possible to regenerate and repair degenerated intervertebral disc tissue. At present, mesenchymal stem cells are the most studied, and different types of mesenchymal stem cells have their own characteristics. However, due to the harsh and complex internal microenvironment of the intervertebral disc, it will affect the biological behaviors of the implanted mesenchymal stem cells, such as viability, proliferation, migration, and chondrogenic differentiation, thereby affecting the therapeutic effect. This review is aimed at summarizing the influence of each intervertebral disc microenvironmental factor on the biological behavior of mesenchymal stem cells, so as to provide new ideas for using tissue engineering technology to assist stem cells to overcome the influence of the microenvironment in the future.
Design of Dual-Band Inverse Class-F Rectifier for Wireless Power Transfer and Energy Harvesting

This letter presents a novel methodology for designing high-efficiency dual-band (DB) inverse class F (class <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {F}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) rectifier for wireless power transfer (WPT) and energy harvesting (EH). Specifically, a proposed DB class <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {F}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> harmonic termination network is employed based on transmission lines (TLINs) which are theoretically analyzed. The closed-form design formulas are derived for providing exact class <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {F}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> harmonic manipulation at two arbitrary frequency bands, enabling a highly efficient DB class <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {F}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> operation. For validation, a Schottky diode-based rectifier is implemented at two target frequencies of 1.9 and 2.45 GHz. The experimental results show that peak power conversion efficiency (PCE) can be achieved over 76% at 1.81 and 2.35 GHz with an input power of 13 dBm. Moreover, the rectifier exhibits a >50% PCE within a wide dynamic range (DR) of 19.5 and 17.5 dB at 1.81 and 2.35 GHz, respectively. To the author’s best knowledge, this is the first time a DB diode-based rectifier design with the deployment of a DB harmonic termination mechanism is incorporated with a DB fundamental matching network.
Sigma-FP: Robot Mapping of 3D Floor Plans With an RGB-D Camera Under Uncertainty

This letter presents Sigma-FP, a novel 3D reconstruction method to obtain the floor plan of a multi-room environment from a sequence of RGB-D images captured by a wheeled mobile robot. For each input image, the planar patches of visible walls are extracted and subsequently characterized by a multivariate Gaussian distribution in the convenient Plane Parameter Space. Then, accounting for the probabilistic nature of the robot localization, we transform and combine the planar patches from the camera frame into a 3D global model, where the planar patches include both the plane estimation uncertainty and the propagation of the robot pose uncertainty. Additionally, processing depth data, we detect openings (doors and windows) in the wall, which are also incorporated in the 3D global model to provide a more realistic representation. Experimental results, in both real-world and synthetic environments, demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods, both in time and accuracy, while just relying on Atlanta world assumption.