Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Unusual Presentation of “Two-Thirds Tumor” in the Mandible – A Diagnostic Quandary with a Review of the Literature

An adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is an uncommon benign tumor of the oral cavity commonly found in the maxillary anterior region and is associated with impacted canines in young females. It rarely occurs in the mandibular region with no impacted or missing teeth. A 21-year-old female reported to the clinic with swelling on the right side of the face for the past six months with no history of pain. Radiographic features such as unilocular radiolucency with thinning of the cortical borders and considerable buccal cortical expansion, as well as some evidence of radiopaque specks were noted. Histopathological examination revealed cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, rosette-like structures with focal areas of calcified mass, and concentric rings resembling Liesegang rings, suggestive of AOT. The tumor was treated surgically by enucleation and cauterization. Although follicular type is a common variant, the tumor presented in this case was of extrafollicular type noted in the mandibular canine and premolar regions of a young female patient with no related impacted tooth.
Characteristics of the Contemporary Intensivist: A Qualitative Study

Background: Intensive care professionals work together within a high-acuity high-stress environment and develop unique clinical and human skill sets within the specialty. The manner in which medical leadership acts, responds, and is understood by those around them is an important component of optimising healthcare. The aim of this study was to explore, qualify and define the self-perceived attributes of senior doctors working in intensive care (Intensivists), and construct ‘Intensivist personas’ that might provide useful insight for the entire healthcare team. Methods: Using a prospective qualitative design, this study involved face-to-face interviews with 19 Intensivists who each had more than four year’s clinical experience. Participants were asked their perceptions of the typical personality traits of a ‘flourishing’ Intensivist; and how they felt they were viewed by others outside their specialty. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and attributes were coded using a thematic framework analysis of each transcript using NVivo software. Personas that might represent the contemporary Intensivist were then constructed based on the themes that emerged. Results: More than 700 pages of coded data were extracted from the transcripts. Six personas were built according to how Intensivists saw themselves: the Fixer; the Retriever; the Diplomat; the Negotiator; the Pragmatist; and the Duck. An additional three personas were created relating to how they perceived they were viewed by others’: the Superhero; the Naysayer; and the Dictator. Conclusion: This study describes the self-perceived personality traits of modern-day Intensivists and in doing so, adds to the scarce qualitative literature available. Understanding these attributes is important for all who work in intensive care, including nurses who are an integral part of healthcare service delivery.
Strong Structural Controllability of Boolean Networks: Polynomial-Time Criteria, Minimal Node Control, and Distributed Pinning Strategies

In this article, we initiate the strong structural controllability of Boolean networks (BNs), in order to cope with the difficulty of identifying intricate nodal dynamics. The derived necessary and sufficient criteria for the strong structural controllability of BNs are checkable in a polynomial amount of time. As an interesting feature, controllability is shown to be equivalent to fixed-time controllability in the network-structure regard. We further explore the minimal strong structural controllability problem of BNs that, reduced from the minimum vertex cover problem of graphs, consequently turns out to be NP-hard. More worthy implications are that our results on the strong structural controllability also serve as the basis to improve several existing approaches to a certain extent. First, the network aggregation subject to the controllability of BNs is provided where the aggregated blocks, except the rooted blocks, are strongly structurally controllable. Second, the pinning controllers are carried out to render an arbitrary BN controllable through node-to-node message exchange in a distributed form while traditional results only check the controllability of BNs with the preassigned controllers. Notably, the time complexity to design such controllers reduces to be only exponential with the maximal in-degree of pinned nodes rather than the node number of networks. As for the stochastic counterpart, upon the equivalence between the asymptotic stability of stochastic BNs and the criteria of strong structural controllability, we also further facilitate the design of distributed controllers to asymptotically stabilize stochastic BNs in probability.
Estimating emissions of methane consistent with atmospheric measurements of methane and δ13C of methane

Abstract. We have constructed an atmospheric inversion framework based on TM5-4DVAR to jointly assimilate measurements of methane and δ13C of methane in order to estimate source-specific methane emissions. Here we present global emission estimates from this framework for the period 1999–2016. We assimilate a newly constructed, multi-agency database of CH4 and δ13C measurements. We find that traditional CH4-only atmospheric inversions are unlikely to estimate emissions consistent with atmospheric δ13C data, and assimilating δ13C data is necessary to derive emissions consistent with both measurements. Our framework attributes ca. 85 % of the post-2007 growth in atmospheric methane to microbial sources, with about half of that coming from the tropics between 23.5∘ N and 23.5∘ S. This contradicts the attribution of the recent growth in the methane budget of the Global Carbon Project (GCP). We find that the GCP attribution is only consistent with our top-down estimate in the absence of δ13C data. We find that at global and continental scales, δ13C data can separate microbial from fossil methane emissions much better than CH4 data alone, and at smaller scales this ability is limited by the current δ13C measurement coverage. Finally, we find that the largest uncertainty in using δ13C data to separate different methane source types comes from our knowledge of atmospheric chemistry, specifically the distribution of tropospheric chlorine and the isotopic discrimination of the methane sink.
On query procedures to build knowledge structures

Abstract Let Q be a finite set of problems. A knowledge state is the set of problems a person is capable of solving. A family K of knowledge states is called a knowledge structure if the empty set and Q are elements of K . When K is closed under union, the structure is called a knowledge space . There exist effective algorithms to generate a knowledge space by querying an expert using an entail relation. In this paper we show that more general knowledge structures can be generated using modified query procedures. The general theory of the Galois connections between entail relations and knowledge structures is explored. Finally, we present query procedures which can be applied to generate any knowledge structure.
Face Image Inpainting Using Attribute Guided

: Face image inpainting is becoming more and more significant in the practical fields of criminal investigation, cosmetic plastic surgery, and security protection. But most of traditional existing work is based on diffusion and texture methods, failing to effectively use the embedding attribute knowledge and semantic information of face images. It is difficult to ensure the authenticity and preserve semantic consistency at the same time. To tackle this
Ending Poverty: Strengthening Urban Container Gardening

The COVID-19 pandemic augmented with the threats brought by climate change resulted in a ballooning number of poor across the globe. Hence, making it challenging to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations. This paper aims to identify long-term solutions to address the posing threats brought by the crisis that will lead to the eradication of poverty. Urban Container Gardening is one of the most efficient and attainable ways of solving hunger and reducing waste. It will also be a good source of income since agricultural harvests are largely consumed daily as people are becoming more health conscious. However, this paper concludes that the current urban container gardening system is not sustainable due to the lack of support from the government. This paper also examines the role of the government in facilitating a free market for all, where people are allowed to offer and sell their harvests. Finally, this study presumes the importance of mandatory savings and insurance for the vendors to transform their lives from poverty to financial security.
Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Gelatin Hydrogel Films Loaded with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Sustainable Food Packaging Applications

The current research work presented the synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose–gelatin (CMC/GEL) blend and CMC/GEL/ZnO-Nps hydrogel films which were characterized by FT-IR and XRD, and applied to antibacterial and antioxidant activities for food preservation as well as for biomedical applications. ZnO-Nps were incorporated into the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and gelatin (GEL) film-forming solution by solution casting followed by sonication. Homogenous mixing of ZnO-Nps with CMC/GEL blend improved thermal stability, mechanical properties, and moisture content of the neat CMC/GEL films. Further, a significant improvement was observed in the antibacterial activity and antioxidant properties of CMC/GEL/ZnO films against two food pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Overall, CMC/GEL/ZnO films are eco-friendly and can be applied in sustainable food packaging materials.
Effects of Glutamine on Rumen Digestive Enzymes and the Barrier Function of the Ruminal Epithelium in Hu Lambs Fed a High-Concentrate Finishing Diet

Simple Summary It has been reported that goats fed a high-concentrate finishing diet had increased the short-chain fatty acid production and concentration; a decreased mean ruminal pH, leading to an increase in the epithelium’s permeability; destruction of the tight junctions between cells; and damage to the barrier function. Glutamine, as a conditionally nonessential amino acid, can maintain the acid base balance of body fluids, promote nitrogen balance, and strengthen the mucosa and the integrity of the tight junction proteins. In this study, we aimed to investigate if Gln (Glutamine) would improve the digestive enzymes’ activity, the ruminal epithelial barrier and fermentation, and immune responses by supplying energy to the mononuclear cells, improving the ruminal epithelium’s morphology and integrity, and mediating the mRNA expression of cytokines and tight junction proteins. Abstract The present experiment aimed to research the effects of glutamine (Gln) on the digestive and barrier function of the ruminal epithelium in Hu lambs fed a high-concentrate finishing diet containing some soybean meal and cottonseed meal. Thirty healthy 3-month-old male Hu lambs were randomly divided into three treatments. Lambs were fed a high-concentrate diet and supplemented with 0, 0.5, and 1% Gln on diet for 60 days. The experimental results show that the Gln treatment group had lower pepsin and cellulase enzyme activity, propionate acid concentration, and IL-6, TNF-α, claudin-1, and ZO-1 mRNA expression in the ruminal epithelium (p < 0.05); as well as increases in lipase enzyme activity, the ratio of propionic acid to acetic acid, the IL-10 content in the plasma, and the mRNA expression of IL-2 and IL-10 in the ruminal epithelium, in contrast to the CON (control group) treatment (p < 0.05). Taken together, the findings of this present study support the addition of Gln to improve digestive enzyme activity, the ruminal epithelium’s barrier, and fermentation and immune function by supplying energy to the mononuclear cells, improving the ruminal epithelium’s morphology and integrity, and mediating the mRNA expression of tight junction proteins (TJs) and cytokines.
Discovery of multimechanisms of screw dislocation interaction in bcc iron from open-ended saddle point searches

Dislocation motion and interactions determine mechanical properties in body-centered cubic (bcc) metallic materials. However, studying mechanisms for the screw dislocation interaction is fundamentally challenging since many underlying processes involve mesotimescales and atomistic resolution, currently inaccessible by either experimental techniques or continuum theoretical methods. In this paper, we develop a computational capability based on self-evolving atomistic kinetic Monte Carlo (SEAKMC) to sample the critical events and saddle point energies related to screw dislocations and their junctions. The method is ﬁrst validated by calculating the stress dependence of Peierls barriers and formation energies of kink pairs and cross-slip kink pairs on a single screw dislocation in bcc iron. Then the method is applied to a binary junction of a pair of intersecting screw dislocations, the structure of which is crucial for low-temperature plastic deformation. We identify three important mechanisms: coplanar cross-slipping , jog-pinning, and a previously unknown unzipping mechanism during the evolution of the binary junction. The mechanisms are then further validated using classical molecular dynamics simulations. The computational capability developed in this paper provides an effective tool to evaluate screw dislocation related thermally activated events in complex stress conditions. The mechanisms discovered in this paper provide critical insights into temperature dependence of the anomalous slip, a breakdown of the Schmidt law, during the plastic deformation in bcc iron and can be generalized to other bcc metals. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6. 123602
The Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer: An Elusive Therapeutic Target

In this review, we provide an overview of the role of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway in breast cancer and discuss its potential as a therapeutic target. The IGF pathway ligands, IGF-1 and IGF-2, and their receptors, primarily IGF-1R, are important for normal mammary gland biology, and dysregulation of their expression and function drives breast cancer risk and progression through activation of downstream signaling effectors, often in a subtype-dependent manner. The IGF signaling pathway has also been implicated in resistance to current therapeutic strategies, including ER and HER2 targeting drugs. Unfortunately, efforts to target IGF signaling for the treatment of breast cancer have been unsuccessful, due to a number of factors, most significantly the adverse effects of disrupting IGF signaling on normal glucose metabolism. We highlight here the recent discoveries that provide enthusiasm for continuing efforts to target IGF signaling for the treatment of breast cancer patients.
Complex Permittivity Measurement Utilizing Multiple Modes of a Rectangular Cavity

A novel method for measuring the dielectric constant and loss tangent of dielectric substrates is presented in this article. Four resonant modes of the rectangular resonant cavity, TE101, TE105, TE109, and TE1015, are utilized to realize the multiband measurement from 0.9 to 10 GHz. The introduction of additional slots cuts down the quality factor of some miscellaneous modes, making the working modes more obvious and convenient for extraction. Based on the traditional perturbation formulas, considering the sinusoidal field distribution in the sample, modified formulas are deduced to obtain more accurate results. An experimental resonant cavity is fabricated and measured to demonstrate the effectivity of the proposed method.
Drugs for COVID-19: An Update

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was the seventh known human coronavirus, and it was identified in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in 2020. It caused the highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. A great number of studies in the search of new therapies and vaccines have been carried out in these three long years, producing a series of successes; however, the need for more effective vaccines, therapies and other solutions is still being pursued. This review represents a tracking shot of the current pharmacological therapies used for the treatment of COVID-19.
Photo-responsive hydrogel for controlling flow on a microfluidic chip

One technological challenge in microfluidic system design has been controlling the directional flow of minute amounts of fluid through various narrow channels. Stimuli-responsive polymers can be used as micro control devices such as valves because these materials significantly change their volumetric properties in response to small environmental changes in pH, temperature, solvent composition, or electric field. In this paper, a bi-layered hydrogel structure is introduced as a light activated microactuator. The first layer of the device is a light sensitive polymer network containing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and the retinal protein bacteriorhodopsin (bR). The second layer is a blend of PVA hydrogel and a pH sensitive polymer polyethylenimine (PEI). When exposed to a light source with a peak response at 568 nm, the bR molecules in the first layer undergo a multistage photocycle that cause protons to be pumped into the surrounding medium. The diffusion of these similarly charged ions through the adjoining pH responsive hydrogel generates electrostatic repulsive and attractive forces which alter the osmotic pressure within the cross-linked polymer network. Depending upon the type of electrostatic forces generated, the pH sensitive hydrogel layer will swell or, alternatively, collapse. The multi-layered structure can be fabricated and inserted into the microchannel. The expanding volume of the actuating hydrogel is used to regulate flow or control leakage. Preliminary experiments on a 625mm3 optical actuating device are presented to identify key response characteristics and illustrate the mechanism for actuation
Machine Learning prediction of the expected performance of football player during training

Predicting athletes’ performance is a fundamental task for the evaluation of their physical status, specific skills and quality of the training phase. This is even more important in team sports such as football, where the performance of the single athletes can significantly influence the whole team performance. Thanks to the improvements of modern sensors, which nowadays can be worn directly by the athletes within their vests without limiting them, it is possible to accurately measure several physiological parameters and movement indices that may be useful to make performance prediction. A growing number of studies is collecting these data and investigating relations among each other, in order to uncover possible correlations that can help in the prediction of sport performance. In this work, we used multivariate regression to attempt forecasting football players’ performance during training sessions, starting from data about their movements and physiological parameters, extracted through a sensors array integrated in the vests worn by the athletes. The obtained results showed that specific combinations of physiological parameters can predict typical performance indicators, as acceleration and deceleration distances, as well as distance run under high-intensity effort, with an accuracy higher than 90%. The applied methodology can thus be used profitably by football teams’ staff to monitor their players, giving it the possibility to make tactical decisions, design customized training sessions and orient market choices.
Analytic-Numerical Analysis of Waveguide Bends

A novel rigorous solution of the problem of mode diffraction by the junction between a straight and a uniformly curved rectangular waveguide is presented. The generalized scattering matrix of the unit is obtained via the matrix operator technique. The full-wave model is based on Cayley's transformation between a reflection and an accretive operator. The convergence of approximate solutions is established analytically. The computational efficiency of the method is demonstrated. The power conservation law and the reciprocity relations are used in the operator matrix form. The approach proposed can be useful for numerical-analytical solution of various electromagnetic problems.
Globally stable adaptive tracking control design for spacecraft under input saturation

We present a globally stable adaptive tracking control algorithm for spacecraft in the presence of control input saturation, parametric uncertainty, and external disturbances. The control algorithm is based on a variable structure control design, and has the following properties: (i) fast and accurate response in the presence of bounded disturbances and parametric uncertainty; (ii) explicit accounting for control input saturation; and (iii) computational simplicity and straightforward tuning. We include a detailed stability analysis for the resulting closed-loop system. It is shown that global stability of the overall system is guaranteed even in the presence of bounded disturbances and parametric uncertainty. The stability proof is based on a Lyapunov-like analysis and the properties of the quaternion representation of spacecraft dynamics. One of the main features of the proposed design is that it establishes a straightforward relationship between the magnitudes of the available control inputs and those of the desired trajectories and disturbances. Numerical simulations are included to illustrate the spacecraft performance obtained using the proposed controller.
Hydrostatic Pressure Dependence of First‐Order Raman Frequencies in Se and Te

Measurements of the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the first order Raman frequencies of Se and Te are reported. All the frequencies of the Raman active modes decrease with pressure. The valence force field model proposed by Nakayama and Odajima is used to explain this behaviour. Es wird iiber Messungen des Einflusses eines hydrostatischen Drucks auf die Raman-frequenzen erster Ordnung von Se und Te berichtet. AIle Frequenzen der Raman-aktiven Moden nehmen mit dem Druck ab. Das von Nakayama und Odajima vorgeschlagene Va-lenzkraftfeldmodell wird ziir Erklarung dieses Verhaltens benutzt.