Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
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In the modern Internet of Things (IoT) applications, the system entities collect security-sensitive information that must be cryptographically protected. In particular, authentication and integrity, as foundational security services, are essential for any IoT applications. Digital signatures provide both authentication and integrity to these applications. Nevertheless, once an IoT device is comprised, its signature private key is leaked to an adversary. Forward-secure digital signatures mitigate the impact of such key compromises by incorporating a key-evolving mechanism into the authentication process. However, existing forward-secure signatures suﬀer from large tag signature/key sizes, heavy computational overhead, and some prominent variants that can only sign a limited number of messages. Hence, there is a critical need for forward-secure and compact digital signatures that can be used to authenticate large amounts of critical information. In this work, we proposed two forward-secure signatures with signature and partial public key aggregation capabilities that we refer to as CORE KBase and CORE-MMM. Our ﬁrst scheme, to the best of our knowledge, is the ﬁrst K-time forward-secure and aggregate signature scheme with a public-key aggregation feature. The idea is to use a hash-chain mechanism to evolve the keys and pre-compute the aggregated public key. For each message, we compute its signature and aggregate it. CORE KBase oﬀers compact public keys as well as compact signatures with low veriﬁcation overhead. We fully implemented CORE KBase in commodity hardware and tested for various performance metrics. We also compared CORE KBase with its most eﬃcient counterparts. For instance, CORE KBase has 180x faster signature veriﬁcation compared to its most veriﬁcation-eﬃcient counterpart, it also has 16.5x more compact public-keys compared to the most public-key compact counterpart. Our second scheme CORE-MMM, is a practically unbounded forward-secure signature scheme that leverages
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: Microbial source tracking (MST) endeavors to determine sources of fecal pollution in environmental waters by capitalizing on the association of certain microorganisms with the gastrointestinal tract and feces of speciﬁc animal groups. Several decades of research have shown that bacteria belonging to the gut-associated order Bacteroidales , and particularly the genus Bacteroides , tend to co-evolve with the host, and are, therefore, particularly suitable candidates for MST applications. This review summarizes the current research on MST methods that employ genes belonging to Bacteroidales/Bacteroides as tracers or “markers” of sewage pollution, including known advantages and deﬁciencies of the many polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods that have been published since 2000. Host speciﬁcity is a paramount criterion for conﬁdence that detection of a marker is a true indicator of the target host. Host sensitivity, or the prevalence of the marker in feces/waste from the target host, is necessary for conﬁdence that absence of the marker is indicative of the absence of the pollution source. Each of these parameters can vary widely depending on the type of waste assessed and the geographic location. Differential decay characteristics of bacterial targets and their associated DNA contribute to challenges in interpreting MST results in the context of human health risks. The HF183 marker, derived from the 16S rRNA gene of Bacteroides dorei and closely related taxa, has been used for almost two decades in MST studies, and is well characterized regarding host sensitivity and speciﬁcity, and in prevalence and concentration in sewage in many countries. Other markers such as HumM2 and HumM3 show promise, but require further performance testing to demonstrate their widespread utility. An important limitation of the one-marker-one-assay approach commonly used for MST is that given the complexities of microbial persistence in environmental waters, and the methodological challenges of quantitative PCR (qPCR) in such samples, the absence of a given marker does not ensure the absence of fecal pollution in the source water. Approaches under development, such as microarray and community analysis, have the potential to improve MST practices, thereby increasing our ability to protect human and ecosystem health.
AGE OF THE BASHIJIQIKE FORMATION FROM KUCHE FORELAND BASIN, XINJIANG

The microfossils from the Bashijiqike Formation of Kuche Foreland Basin, Xinjiang have been classed as Latonia-Cypridea-Damonella ostracode assemblage, Aclistochara huihuibaoensis-Mesochara voluta-Sphaerochara charophyte assemblage, and Cicatricosisporites-Lygodiumsporites-Classopollis sporo-pollen assemblage. The former two assemblages are referred to the middle Early Cretaceous and the latter is referred to the Cretaceous, thus the age of the Bashijiqike Formation is middle Early Cretaceous, probably corresponding to the Barremian.
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Habitat structure modifies the strength of predator-prey interactions, but it remains unclear how to describe the three-dimensional spatial arrangement of structural components in a way that consistently predicts outcomes. Interstitial space may provide a useful target for measurement, but most studies use only two-dimensional methods to describe 3D space, limiting their predictive power. Using a novel technology to produce identical components, this study tests whether the 3D interstitial space of oyster shell mimics modifies the ability of blue crabs ( Callinectes sapidus ) to capture their mud crab prey ( Eurypanopeous depressus ) in mesocosms and a variety of reef-associated predators to capture tethered mud crabs in the field. To accomplish this, individual interstices were manipulated by changing either the orientation or internal shape of 3D printed shell mimics, representing possible ways natural oyster shells differ spatially on a reef. In mesocosms, 3D interstitial space strongly affected prey survivorship in both spatial arrangements, but striking variation in the ability of individual blue crabs to consume their prey in the Shape 1 structures was notable. Field tethering experiments mostly corroborated mesocosm findings, except in the shell shape treatment. These unexpected results were likely an artifact of differences in predation between field experiments and highlight the specificity of predator-prey interactions in structured habitats. Together, these results demonstrate that the 3D interstitial space created from the spatial arrangement of structural components can mediate predator foraging success independent of the widely studied density attribute, but these outcomes are further dependent on both predator and prey identity as well as
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Historically, as many as 7–10% of US police contacts have involved persons with mental illnesses, with a disproportionate amount of these encounters resulting in arrest, usually for minor offenses. Crisis Intervention Teams (CIT) were created, and have proliferated, to ameliorate this problem by offering a specialized response and serving – at least informally – as a liaison between mental health services and police departments. Because preventing unnecessary arrests is one of CIT’s principal objectives, this study examined the arrest rates of persons with mental illnesses and the number of arrests that might have been prevented after the implementation of a CIT program in a large county in Central Florida. The arrest rate after CIT implementation was found to be very low and even declined across time providing evidence that CIT programs may indeed be useful in reducing discretionary arrests among persons with mental illnesses.
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Arylalkylamine N -acyltransferases (AANATs) catalyze the formation of an N -acylamide from an acyl-CoA thioester and an amine. One well known example is the production of N -acetylserotonin from acetyl-CoA and serotonin, a reaction in the melatonin biosynthetic pathway from tryptophan. AANATs have been identiﬁed from a variety of vertebrates and invertebrates. Considerable efforts have been devoted to the mammalian AANAT because a cell-permeable inhibitor speciﬁcally targeted against this enzyme could prove useful to treat diseases related to dysfunction in melatonin production. Insects are an interesting model for the study of AANATs because more than one isoform is typically expressed by a speciﬁc insect and the different insect AANATs (iAANATs) serve different roles in the insect cell. In contrast, mammals express only one AANAT. The major role of iAANATs seem to be in the production of N -acetyldopamine, a reaction important in the tanning and sclerotization of the cuticle. Metabolites identiﬁed in insects including N -acetylserotonin and long-chain N -fatty acyl derivatives of dopamine, histidine, phenylalanine, serotonin, tyrosine, and tryptophan are likely produced by an iAANAT. In vitro studies of speciﬁc iAANATs are consistent with this hypothesis. In this review, we highlight the current metabolomic knowledge of the N -acylated aromatic amino acids and N -acylated derivatives of the aromatic amino acids, the current mechanistic understanding of the iAANATs, and explore the possibility that iAANATs serve as insect “rhymezymes” regulating photoperiodism and other rhythmic processes in insects.
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Background: Timely diagnosis and treatment of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) is critical to reducing mortality but remains challenging in the absence of adequate diagnostic tools. Even once a TB diagnosis is made, delays in treatment initiation are common, but for reasons that are not well understood. Methods: To examine reasons for delay post-diagnosis, we conducted semi-structured interviews with Ministry of Health (MoH) physicians and field workers affiliated with a pediatric TB diagnostic study, and caregivers of children aged 0-14 years who were diagnosed with pulmonary TB in Lima, Peru. Interviews were analyzed using systematic comparative and descriptive content analysis. Results: We interviewed five physicians, five field workers and 26 caregivers with children who initiated TB treatment < 7 days after diagnosis (n=15) or who experienced a delay of ≥7 days (n=11). Median time in delay from diagnosis to treatment initiation was 26 days (range, 7-117). Reasons for delay included: health systems challenges (administrative hurdles, medication stock, clinic hours), burden of care on families and caregiver perceptions of disease severity. Conclusions: Reasons for delay in treatment initiation are complex. Interventions to streamline administrative processes and tools to identify and support families at risk for delays in treatment initiation are urgently needed.
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This study highlights the importance of interspeci ﬁ c interactions among marine organisms and the effect that these trophic interactions have on the development of effective, adaptive management strategies for reef ﬁ shes in the Gulf of Mexico. To represent the spatially and temporally constrained, interspeci ﬁ c interactions among reef ﬁ shes we employ Atlantis (a spatially explicit, biogeochemical ecosystem model) as our simulation tool. Within Atlantis, we evaluate the performance of a two-point harvest control rule (HCR) that adaptively increases ﬁ shing mortality linearly between upper and lower biomass thresholds based on the available biomass of the stocks. This example demonstrated the use of a “ blanket ” two-point HCR that assessed the available biomass of several reef ﬁ sh species (often co-caught in ﬁ shing gear) both simultaneously and objectively. To estimate the impact of reef ﬁ sh ﬁ shing on species abundance and biodiversity in the ecosystem, we examined four “ low ” and four “ high ” ﬁ shing mortality ( F ) scaler scenarios. All model projections are forward looking, representing a 50-year time horizon (2010 to 2060). We evaluated the performance of the two-point HCRs under the eight ﬁ shing mortality scenarios using ecosystem metrics that were previously found to robustly track changes in ecosystem function caused by ﬁ shing. We found that the lower F scenarios produced an ecologically distinct ecosystem state compared with the higher F scenarios, where relatively higher levels of ﬁ shing mortality (particularly on predators such as the deep Serranidae group) resulted in an increase in prey availability in later years of the simulation. This led to an increase in the overall productivity of the ecosystem over time and higher catch and biomass of most other reef ﬁ sh groups at equilibrium (year 50). Our results suggest that a better understanding of interspeci ﬁ c interactions among targeted reef ﬁ shes and their prey is critical to developing ecosystem-based management strategies for the Gulf of Mexico.
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Gelatinous zooplankton exhibit a wide range of propulsive swimming modes. One of the most energetically efficient is the rowing behaviour exhibited by many species of schyphomedusae, which employ vortex interactions to achieve this result. Ctenophores (comb jellies) typically use a slow swimming, cilia-based mode of propulsion. However, species within the genus Ocyropsis have developed an additional propulsive strategy of rowing the lobes, which are normally used for feeding, in order to rapidly escape from predators. In this study, we used high-speed digital particle image velocimetry to examine the kinematics and fluid dynamics of this rarely studied propulsive mechanism. This mechanism allows Ocyropsis to achieve size-adjusted speeds that are nearly double those of other large gelatinous swimmers. The investigation of the fluid dynamic basis of this escape mode reveals novel vortex interactions that have not previously been described for other biological propulsion systems. The arrangement of vortices during escape swimming produces a similar configuration and impact as that of the well-studied ‘vortex rebound’ phenomenon which occurs when a vortex ring approaches a solid wall. These results extend our understanding of how animals use vortex–vortex interactions and provide important insights that can inform the bioinspired engineering of propulsion systems.
WHAT WORKS: INSIDE MODEL

Charter schools are not just different from regular public schools, but are different from each other. Therefore, to understand the performance of charter schools, it necessary to discover what practices are used at individual successful charters. According to recent school-site research, there are key principles and practices present at charters that improve student achievement. Such schools have good management practices, such as stable leadership, cost efficiency, and fiscal accountability. These schools emphasize academic rather than non-academic goals and have high expectations and standards-based curricula. Many have extended and creative schedules and use test data as diagnostic tools to spot student weaknesses and prevent grade inflation. Teachers are hired based on subject-matter knowledge and are rigorously evaluated; grade-level teams of teachers analyze data to improve student and teacher performance; research-based teaching methods are used; and principals frequently visit classrooms. Finally, students are expected to behave in a manner conducive to learning.
Learning to Read: Lessons from Exemplary First-Grade Classrooms

Part I First Grade: History and Contemporary Practice 1. A Brief History of First-Grade Reading Instruction 2. Surveying Nominated-Effective First-Grade Teachers about their Instruction 3. The Nature of First-Grade Instruction that Promotes Literacy Achievement Wharton-McDonald 4. Teaching Writing in the First Grade: Instruction, Scaffolds, and Expectations Part II The Case Studies Wiesner, Pressley. Schultheis, Wharton-McDonald. Leyden, Baker, Allington, Brooks. Allen, Block. Loden, Morrow, Asbury. Part III Thoughts about Teacher Development How I Became an Exemplary Teacher (Although I'm Really Still Learning Just Like Anyone Else) Day Concluding Reflections.
The integrated wetland conservation and development in the context of city expansion

Based on the previous theoretical framework,in this paper we discuss and develop the mode of integrated wetland conservation and development in the context of city expansion and ecological planning by considering Nansha Area in Guangzhou as an example. Using the remote sensing images,wetland distributing maps and the historical data,we divided the wetlands of Nansha Area into three classes,that is,coastal water and seashore wetlands, reservoir wetlands,and irrigation rice wetlands and hydrophyte wetlands.Conforming to the principle of ecological precedence,we select nine ones as the key wetlands from all kinds of wetlands.And then we evaluate and analyze the nine wetlands' conservation values and exploiting pr-ospects from two aspects of the use value and un-use value.The value evaluating results for the key wetlands conservation are in the following order:the 19th ChannelShiziyang and Zhujiang Estuary Channel Jiaomen Channel Seriesthe Eastern Bank of Longxue IslandHongqili Channelthe Eastern Bank of Dahu IslandBaihuitian and Shenwan Reservoirthe Western Bank of Masha Island the Western Part of the 15th Channel.Based upen which we testified the rare characteristics of the key wetlands.National,provincial,local,special,and time rarities are the main criteria for valuating the nine key wetlands.In which the 19th Channel and Shiziyang and Zhujiang Estuary Channel represent the highest rare degree.According to the definition for the domestic and overseas nature reserves and the analysis of managing objectives,we define the conservation nature of wetlands in the Nansha Area and identify that the planning direction of wetlands in the Nasha area should be wetland resources and landscape conservation area. Based on the similarity theory,we mainly made a replaceable and compensable feasibility analysis of the 19th Channel,the Eastern Bank of Dahu Island and the Eastern Bank of Longxue Island,the latter two areas are not suitable to replace the first one,but may be suitable to compensate each other to some extent.All the above reasons fully expounded the importance and urgency of building and developing the wetlands conservation area in the Nansha Area.After that,we partition the functional regions of the wetland conservation areas and put forward the action plan of wetland conservation preferentially.
Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Prevalence of MRSA in Isolates from Burns Patients

DOI: 10.21276/sjams.2018. 6.6. 29 Abstract: Burn wound colonization and infection is not only associated with delayed wound healing and scar formation, but may also lead to sepsis related mortality. A wide variety of microorganism like, Staphylococcus aureus , pseudomonas aerugiuosa, klebsiella pneumouiae and Escherichia coli are involved. And Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a great risk to burn patient with potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality. According to an Indian study, the prevalence of infections caused by MRSA has increased from 12 percent in 1992 to 80.3 percent in 1999. This study was conducted to determine the common aerobic bacterial isolates, there antimicrobial resistance patterns and prevalence of MRSA in isolates from 150 burn patients admitted in Osmania general hospital Hyderabad. All samples were processed according to standard laboratory protocols . Among 150 isolates, culture positives were 143 and 7 were culture negative and among which Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest organism isolated (51.3%) the MRSA accounts for 57.1%. Regular surveillance of burn wound organism and their antimicrobial resistance patterns will help in determining empirical antibiotic therapy for subsequent related septic events.
Identification and preliminary characterization of conserved uncharacterized proteins from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , Arabidopsis thaliana , and Setaria viridis

Abstract The rapid accumulation of sequenced plant genomes in the past decade has outpaced the still difficult problem of genome‐wide protein‐coding gene annotation. A substantial fraction of protein‐coding genes in all plant genomes are poorly annotated or unannotated and remain functionally uncharacterized. We identified unannotated proteins in three model organisms representing distinct branches of the green lineage (Viridiplantae): Arabidopsis thaliana (eudicot), Setaria viridis (monocot), and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyte alga). Using similarity searching, we identified a subset of unannotated proteins that were conserved between these species and defined them as Deep Green proteins. Bioinformatic, genomic, and structural predictions were performed to begin classifying Deep Green genes and proteins. Compared to whole proteomes for each species, the Deep Green set was enriched for proteins with predicted chloroplast targeting signals predictive of photosynthetic or plastid functions, a result that was consistent with enrichment for daylight phase diurnal expression patterning. Structural predictions using AlphaFold and comparisons to known structures showed that a significant proportion of Deep Green proteins may possess novel folds. Though only available for three organisms, the Deep Green genes and proteins provide a starting resource of high‐value targets for further investigation of potentially new protein structures and functions conserved across the green lineage.