Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Simple Parameterization of Land Surface Processes for Meteorological Models

Abstract A parameterization of land surface processes to be included in mesoscale and large-scale meteorological models is presented. The number of parameters has been reduced as much as possible, while attempting to preserve the representation of the physics which controls the energy and water budgets. We distinguish two main classes of parameters. The spatial distribution of primary parameters, i.e., the dominant types of soil and vegetation within each grid cell, can be specified from existing global datasets. The secondary parameters, describing the physical properties of each type of soil and vegetation, can be inferred from measurements or derived from numerical experiments. A single surface temperature is used to represent the surface energy balance of the land/cover system. The soil heat flux is linearly interpolated between its value over bare ground and a value of zero for complete shielding by the vegetation. The ground surface moisture equation includes the effect of gravity and the thermo-hyd.
Eta-Invariants from Molien series

We look at the orbifold C n /� witha finite subgroup of U (n) from two perspectives: from a differential point of view it is a non-compact orbifold with boundary at infinity S 2n−1 /� , while from an algebraic point of view it is a scheme with coordinate ring the � -invariant polynomials in n variables. The main result is a relation between the η-invariant of the boundary (an analytical object) and the Molien series of the singularity (an algebraic object).
UPLC-MS based integrated plasma proteomic and metabolomic profiling of TSC-RAML and its relationship with everolimus treatment

Aim: To profile the plasma proteomics and metabolomics of patients with renal cysts, sporadic angiomyolipoma (S-AML) and tuberous sclerosis complex related angiomyolipoma (TSC-RAML) before and after everolimus treatment, and to find potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as reveal the underlying mechanism of TSC tumorigenesis. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively measured the plasma proteins and metabolites from November 2016 to November 2017 in a cohort of pre-treatment and post-treatment TSC-RAML patients and compared them with renal cyst and S-AML patients by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS). The tumor reduction rates of TSC-RAML were assessed and correlated with the plasma protein and metabolite levels. In addition, functional analysis based on differentially expressed molecules was performed to reveal the underlying mechanisms. Results: Eighty-five patients with one hundred and ten plasma samples were enrolled in our study. Multiple proteins and metabolites, such as pre-melanosome protein (PMEL) and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), demonstrated both diagnostic and prognostic effects. Functional analysis revealed many dysregulated pathways, including angiogenesis synthesis, smooth muscle proliferation and migration, amino acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Conclusion: The plasma proteomics and metabolomics pattern of TSC-RAML was clearly different from that of other renal tumors, and the differentially expressed plasma molecules could be used as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. The dysregulated pathways, such as angiogenesis and amino acid metabolism, may shed new light on the treatment of TSC-RAML.
A universal measure of the conformity of a mesh with respect to an anisotropic metric field

In this paper, a method is presented to measure the non‐conformity of a mesh with respect to a size specification map given in the form of a Riemannian metric. The measure evaluates the difference between the metric tensor of a simplex of the mesh and the metric tensor specified on the size specification map. This measure is universal because it is a unique, dimensionless number which characterizes either a single simplex of a mesh or a whole mesh, both in size and in shape, be it isotropic or anisotropic, coarse or fine, in a small or a big domain, in two or three dimensions. This measure is important because it can compare any two meshes in order to determine unequivocally which of them is better. Analytical and numerical examples illustrate the behaviour of this measure. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acceptance rate of post-placental plac ement of intrauterine devices during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic

Abstract Objective To evaluate the acceptance rate of post-placental intrauterine device (PPIUD) placement during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic and to to assess factors associated with PPIUD acceptance. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between August 2020 and August 2021. PPIUDs were offered to women scheduled for caesarean delivery or admitted in labour at the Women’s Hospital of the University of Campinas. The study compared women according to whether they accepted or did not accept the IUD placement. The factors associated with PPIUD acceptance were analysed through bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. Results We enrolled 299 women (15.9% of the deliveries that occurred during study period), aged 26.8 ± 6.5 years; 41.8% were White, almost one third were primiparous, and 155/299 (51.8%) had a vaginal delivery. The PPIUD acceptance rate was 65.6%. The principal reason for refusal was the desire for another contraceptive (41.8%). Women with the highest likelihood of accepting a PPIUD were younger (<30 years old has 1.7 more likely or 74% greater), those without a partner (3.4 times more likely) and those after vaginal delivery (1.7 times more likely or 69% greater) Conclusion The COVID-19 does not affected the PPIUD placement. PPIUD is a viable alternative during crisis in which women has difficult to access health services. Younger women, those without a partner and after vaginal delivery were more likely to accept a PPIUD during the COVID-19 pandemic. SHORT CONDENSATION Post-placental IUDs are an alternative during periods of crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic. Younger women, those without a partner and after vaginal delivery were more likely to accept a PPIUD during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Biomimetic Tendon-Based Mechanism for Finger Flexion and Extension in a Soft Hand Exoskeleton: Design and Experimental Assessment

This study proposes a bioinspired exotendon routing configuration for a tendon-based mechanism to provide finger flexion and extension that utilizes a single motor to reduce the complexity of the system. The configuration was primarily inspired by the extrinsic muscle–tendon units of the human musculoskeletal system. The function of the intrinsic muscle–tendon units was partially compensated by adding a minor modification to the configuration of the extrinsic units. The finger kinematics produced by this solution during flexion and extension were experimentally evaluated on an artificial finger and compared to that obtained using the traditional mechanism, where one exotendon was inserted at the distal phalanx. The experiments were conducted on nine healthy subjects who wore a soft exoskeleton glove equipped with the novel tendon mechanism. Contrary to the traditional approach, the proposed mechanism successfully prevented the hyperextension of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) and the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. During flexion, the DIP joint angles produced by the novel mechanism were smaller than the angles generated by the traditional approach for the same proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint angles. This provided a flexion trajectory closer to the voluntary flexion motion and avoided straining the interphalangeal coupling between the DIP and PIP joints. Finally, the proposed solution generated similar trajectories when applied to a stiff artificial finger (simulating spasticity). The results, therefore, demonstrate that the proposed approach is indeed an effective solution for the envisioned soft hand exoskeleton system.
Nonuniqueness for second-order elliptic equations with measurable coefficients

We consider the Dirichlet problem for uniformly elliptic operators $L=\sum a_{ij}D_{ij}$ with measurable coefficients aij in the unit ball $B_1\subset \bfR^d$. A recent sensational result of Nikolai Nadirashvili states that there is no uniqueness of "weak" solutions to this problem if $d\ge 3$. He constructed two sequences of linear elliptic operators with smooth coefficients $\,\{a_{ij}^{0,k}\}\,$ and $\,\{a_{ij}^{1,k}\}$, which have the same ellipticity constant $\,\nu > 0\,$ and converge to the same functions aij almost everywhere (a.e.) in $\,B_1\,$ as $k\to\infty$, while the corresponding sequences of solutions {u0,k}, and {u1,k}, converge to two different functions; i.e., the Dirichlet problem has at least two "weak" solutions. In the present paper, we popularize and slightly generalize Nadirashvili's result: for an arbitrary constant $\Lambda > 0$, we construct two sequences of linear elliptic operators with the same ellipticity constant $\,\nu=\nu(\Lambda) > 0\,$ and the additional restriction $\;.
Epifluorescence light collection for multiphoton microscopic endoscopy

Multiphoton microscopic endoscopy (MPM-E) is a promising medical in vivo diagnostic imaging technique because it captures intrinsic fluorescence and second harmonic generation signals to reveal anatomical and histological information about disease states in tissue. However, maximizing light collection from multiphoton endoscopes remains a challenge: weak nonlinear emissions from endogenous structures, miniature optics, large imaging depths, and light scattering in tissue all hamper light collection. The quantity of light that may be collected using a dual-clad fiber system from scattering phantoms that mimic the properties of the in vivo environment is measured. In this experiment, 800nm excitation light from a Ti:Sapphire laser is dispersion compensated and focused through a SM800 optical fiber and lens system into the tissue phantom. Emission light from the phantom passes through the lens system, reflects off the dichroic and is then collected by a second optical fiber actuated by a micromanipulator. The lateral position of the collection fiber varies, measuring the distribution of emitted light 2000μm on either side of the focal point reimaged to the object plane. This spatial collection measurement is performed at depths up to 200μm from the phantom surface. The tissue phantoms are composed of a 15.8 μM fluorescein solution mixed with microspheres, approximating the scattering properties of human bladder and dermis tissue. Results show that commercially available dual-clad optical fibers collect more than 47% of the total emission returning to the object plane from both phantoms. Based on these results, initial MPM-E devices will image the surface of epithelial tissues.
143 km free-space quantum teleportation

In the field of quantum communication the teleportation1 of single quanta plays a fundamental role in numerous quantum information-processing protocols. Quantum teleportation allows to faithfully transfer unknown quantum states over arbitrary distances and constitutes a method to circumvent the no-cloning theorem2. Even formally completely independent particles can become entangled via the process of entanglement swapping3. In a future quantum communication network4 this will be of utmost importance, enabling quantum computers to become globally interconnected. In order to prove the feasibility of quantum teleportation under optical link attenuations that will arise in a future space-application scenario, we extended the communication distance to 143 km, employing an optical free-space link between the two Canary Islands of La Palma and Tenerife. This work proofs the feasibility of ground-based freespace quantum teleportation. With our setup we were able to achieve coincidence production rates and fidelities to cope with the optical link attenuation, resulting from various experimental and technical challenges, which will arise in a quantum transmission between a ground-based transmitter and a low-earth-orbiting satellite receiver5. In our experiment we gained an average state fidelity for the teleported quantum states of more than 6 standard deviations beyond the classical limit of 2/3 and a process fidelity of 0.710(42). We expect that many of the features implemented in this experiment will be key blocks for future investigations.
Method for evaluating stability bounds for discrete-time singularly perturbed systems

The problem of evaluating the stability bounds of discrete-time singularly perturbed systems is considered. A direct method using critical stability criteria has been developed to obtain the exact upper bound /spl epsi//sub 0/ of the singular perturbation parameter /spl epsi/ for which the overall system will remain stable /spl forall//spl epsi//spl isin/[0, /spl epsi//sub 0/). The concept of the block bialternate product is utilised to substantially reduce the order of the matrices to be dealt with. It appears that the proposed method is more efficient than that suggested by Li and Li (1992), which makes use of the generalised Nyquist plot. It also completely removes the computational complexity associated with the quadratic dependence on the system matrix A(/spl epsi/) as encountered by Tesi and Vicino (1990).
High pointwise emergence via saturated sets

In this article, we prove that the set of points whose pointwise emergence have same degree in [1,∞] with repect to polynomial has strong dynamical complexity in sense of entropy, residuality and density, and distributional chaos for a β-shift, a C 1 diffeomorphism having a nontrival homoclinic class, or a C1+α diffeomorphism preserving a hyperbolic ergodic measure. In this process, we construct nonempty compact connected set with fixed box-counting dimension in the space of invariant measures. Then combining with the relation between pointwise emergence of saturated set and box-counting dimension, we get the goal from two frameworks about dynamical complexity of saturated set. One framework was introduced by C. Pfister and W. Sullivan and can be applicable to transitive Anosov diffeomorphisms, mixing expanding maps, β-shifts, transitive subshifts of finite type, mixing sofic subshifts, and mixing S-gap shifts. The other framework is applicable to general homoclinic classes and diffeomorphisms preserving hyperbolic ergodic measures. We also get some combined observations with irregular set.
Vortex rings impinging on walls: axisymmetric and three-dimensional simulations

Accurate numerical simulations of vortex rings impinging on flat boundaries revealed the same features observed in experiments. The results for the impact with a free-slip wall compared very well with previous numerical simulations that used spectral methods, and were also in qualitative agreement with experiments. The present simulation is mainly devoted to studying the more realistic case of rings interacting with a no-slip wall, experimentally studied by Walker et al. (1987). All the Reynolds numbers studied showed a very good agreement between experiments and simulations, and, at Rev > 1000 the ejection of a new ring from the wall was seen. Axisymmetric simulations demonstrated that vortex pairing is the physical mechanism producing the ejection of the new ring. Three-dimensional simulations were also performed to investigate the effects of azimuthal instabilities. These simulations have confirmed that high-wavenumber instabilities originate in the compression phase of the secondary ring within the primary one. The large instability of the secondary ring has been explained by analysis of the rate-of-strain tensor and vorticity alignment. The differences between passive scalars and the vorticity field have been also investigated.
Numerical studies on the influences of gas temperature on atmospheric-pressure helium dielectric barrier discharge characteristics

A fast-rising gas temperature is due to frequent collisions of the heavy particles in an atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge. In this paper, a two-dimensional fluid model is applied to investigate the influences of rising gas temperature on an atmospheric-pressure helium dielectric barrier discharge. With the increase in the gas temperature, it is found that: (1) a helium discharge can evolve from the discharge column to a homogeneous discharge; (2) the breakdown time is in advance and the gas breakdown voltage decreases; (3) the spatial distribution evolution of the electron density is similar to that of the helium atom density. The most significant discrepancy between them is that the electron densities are high at some positions where the helium atom densities are nevertheless low. Furthermore, the radial reduced electric fields are obtained under different gas temperatures. The physical reasons for the gas temperature effects are discussed. The simulation results provide a better understanding of the roles of the radial reduced electric field and the heavy particle.
Antisense-acting riboswitches: A poorly characterized yet important model of transcriptional regulation in prokaryotic organisms

Riboswitches are RNA elements involved in regulating genes that participate in the biosynthesis or transport of essential metabolites. They are characterized by their ability to recognize their target molecules with high affinity and specificity. Riboswitches are commonly cotranscribed with their target genes and are located at the 5’ end of their transcriptional units. To date, only two exceptional cases of riboswitches being situated at the 3’ end and transcribing in the antisense direction of their regulated genes have been described. The first case involves a SAM riboswitch located at the 3’ end of the ubiG-mccB-mccA operon in Clostridium acetobutylicum involved in converting methionine to cysteine. The second case concerns a Cobalamin riboswitch in Listeria monocytogenes that regulates the transcription factor PocR related to this organism’s pathogenic process. In almost a decade since the first descriptions of antisense-acting riboswitches, no new examples have been described. In this work, we performed a computational analysis to identify new examples of antisense-acting riboswitches. We found 292 cases in which, according to the available information, we infer that the expected regulation of the riboswitch is consistent with the signaling molecule it senses and the metabolic function of the regulated gene. The metabolic implications of this novel type of regulation are thoroughly discussed.
Community-based serum chloride abnormalities predict mortality risk

Introduction This population-based study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of ambulatory serum chloride abnormalities, often ignored by physicians. Methods The study population included all non-hospitalized adult patients, insured by "Clalit" Health Services in Israel’s southern district, who underwent at least 3 serum chloride tests in community-based clinics during 2005–2016. For each patient, each period with low (≤97 mmol/l), high (≥107 mmol/l) or normal chloride levels were recorded. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the mortality risk of hypochloremia and hyperchloremia periods. Results 664,253 serum chloride tests from 105,655 subjects were analyzed. During a median follow up of 10.8 years, 11,694 patients died. Hypochloremia (≤ 97 mmol/l) was independently associated with elevated all-cause mortality risk after adjusting for age, co-morbidities, hyponatremia and eGFR (HR 2.41, 95%CI 2.16–2.69, p<0.001). Crude hyperchloremia (≥107 mmol/L) was not associated with all-cause mortality (HR 1.03, 95%CI 0.98–1.09 p = 0.231); as opposed to hyperchloremia ≥108 mmol/l (HR 1.14, 95%CI 1.06–1.21 p<0.001). Secondary analysis revealed a dose-dependent elevated mortality risk for chloride levels of 105 mmol/l and below, well within the "normal" range. Conclusion In the outpatient setting, hypochloremia is independently associated with an increased mortality risk. This risk is dose-dependent where the lower the chloride level, the higher is the risk.
Albino Xenopus laevis tadpoles prefer dark environments compared to wild type

Tadpoles display preferences for different environments but the sensory modalities that govern these choices are not well understood. Here, we examined light preferences and associated sensory mechanisms of albino and wild-type Xenopus laevis tadpoles. We found that albino tadpoles spent more time in darker environments compared to the wild type, although they showed no differences in overall activity. This preference persisted when the tadpoles had their optic nerve severed or pineal glands removed, suggesting these sensory systems alone are not necessary for phototaxis. These experiments were conducted by an undergraduate laboratory course, highlighting how X. laevis tadpole behavior assays in a classroom setting can reveal new insights into animal behavior.
ADHD and political participation: An observational study

Background and objective Over the past decade, researchers have been seeking to understand the consequences of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) for different types of everyday behaviors. In this study, we investigated the associations between ADHD and political participation and attitudes, as ADHD may impede their active participation in the polity. Methods This observational study used data from an online panel studying the adult Jewish population in Israel, collected prior the national elections of April 2019 (N = 1369). ADHD symptoms were assessed using the 6-item Adult ADHD Self-Report (ASRS-6). Political participation (traditional and digital), news consumption habits, and attitudinal measures were assessed using structured questionnaires. Multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to analyze the association between ADHD symptoms (ASRS score <17) and reported political participation and attitudes. Results 200 respondents (14.6%) screened positive for ADHD based on the ASRS-6. Our findings show that individuals with ADHD are more likely to participate in politics than individuals without ADHD symptoms (B = 0.303, SE = 0.10, p = .003). However, participants with ADHD are more likely to be passive consumers of news, waiting for current political news to reach them instead of actively searching for it (B = 0.172, SE = 0.60, p = .004). They are also more prone to support the idea of silencing other opinions (B = 0.226, SE = 0.10, p = .029). The findings hold when controlling for age, sex, level of education, income, political orientation, religiosity, and stimulant therapy for ADHD symptoms. Conclusions Overall, we find evidence that individuals with ADHD display a unique pattern of political activity, including greater participation and less tolerance of others’ views, but not necessarily showing greater active interest in politics. Our findings add to a growing body of literature that examines the impact of ADHD on different types of everyday behaviors.
Effects of elastic energy on the spinodal decomposition of InNasP/InP heterostructures

Spinodal decomposition of the InN x As y P1 - x - y quaternary alloys lattice-matched to the InP as the result of the internal deformation and elastic energies is described. The alloys are represented as quasiternary regular solutions. The internal deformation energy is obtained from the interaction parameters between the constituent compounds estimated by the valence force field model. Ranges of spinodal decomposition of the InN x As y P1 - x - y alloys up to y · 0.109 with and without elastic energy are demonstrated. Our results suggest that such energy prevents spinodal decomposition.