Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of submarine canyons on the structure and dynamics of megafaunal communities

Submarine canyons are considered potential hotspots of biodiversity and abundance, which makes them an important focus for scientific investigation and for policy-makers who seek to manage their resources. This study investigates the structure and dynamics of megafaunal communities in relation to inherent environmental parameters within submarine canyons; understanding the distribution and resilience of hotspot ecosystems is important in creating ecologically-sustainable resource-management plans. Data were collected from Nazare, Setubal, Lisbon and Cascais Canyons (Portuguese margin) and a channel and adjacent slope on the Pakistan margin, using passively-towed camera platforms and a remotely operated vehicle. Photographic data were analysed from a range of canyon habitats; abundance and distribution of megafauna were recorded and diversity indices calculated. Environmental variables were used to interpret patterns of species distribution, abundance and diversity. Community analyses were used to assess changes in community structure within and among canyons, and the adjacent slope. Portuguese margin: The canyons were ranked in order of decreasing activity: Nazare, Lisbon, Setubal and Cascais Canyons. Expected species richness conformed to Connell’s intermediate disturbance hypothesis, reflecting the activity of the canyons. Megabenthic abundance did not exceed that reported in studies of nearby slope communities, suggesting that the canyons are not hotspots of megabenthic abundance. Suspension-feeders dominated all canyons though were most abundant in Nazare Canyon, which was linked to observed higher activity. All canyons showed a higher proportion of suspension-feeders than are reported in studies from nearby slope environments. There was high variability in habitat type within and between the canyons, which was reflected in the megabenthic assemblages. Pakistan margin: Observations of turbidity and current velocity indicated that the Pakistan margin channel is relatively inactive. Megafaunal abundance was significantly lower, and diversity higher, within the channel than on the adjacent slope. Suspension-feeders dominated all sites, though were significantly more numerous on the slope. The sites were located below the base of the OMZ core, and communities displayed OMZ edge-effects with a peak in abundance at ~ 1000 m WD, high dominance and a high rate of species turnover. Community analysis suggested that the communities were more heavily influenced by the proximity to the OMZ than by the channel, which indicated that either the influence of the OMZ masks any potential channel-induced patterns, or that the channel is too small to influence megafaunal communities.
2 E STEREL : programs , circuits and automata

This document presents the work done during the second half-year of my Computer Science PhD, dealing with Boolean circuits compilation into finite states machines. We will start by introducing the framework of real time languages, focusing on ESTEREL, then we will present Boolean circuits and finite states machines (FSM). We will briefly discuss of former circuits to FSM compilation technique, based upon sorted equation systems (therefore non cyclical), then we will explicit the new one, which does not require any more sorting and is unaffected by potential cycles. We will end by a comparative performance evaluation on several examples.
Development and communication in Africa

Chapter 1 Introduction Part 2 Part I: Foundation Chapter 3 1 Afrocentricity and Communication in Africa Chapter 4 2 The Triple Heritage: The Split Sould of a Continent Chapter 5 3 The African World: The Publics of African Communication Part 6 Part II: Theory Chapter 7 4 Communication and Political Development Chapter 8 5 Multiple Perspectives on Development Communication Chapter 9 6 Participatory Communication for Development and African Philosophy Debate Part 10 Part III: Media Practice Chapter 11 7 Reporting Africa's Problems Chapter 12 8 Press Freedom and National Development in Africa after the Cold War Chapter 13 9 Broadcasting and National Development in Africa Part 14 Part IV: African Culture Chapter 15 10 Communication, Development, and Meta-ethnic Empathy Chapter 16 11 Adult Education and the Media Chapter 17 12 The Entertainment-Education Strategy in Development Communication Part 18 Part V: Communication Technology Chapter 19 13 The Internet in Africa: Leapfrogging to a Global Furture Chapter 20 14 Information and Communication Technologies for Rural Development Chapter 21 15 African Development and Innovation of Communication Technologies Part 22 Part VI: Unity, Debt, and Communication Chapter 23 16 The New African Union and the Integration of Africa Chapter 24 17 Sustainable Development of Africa: The Debt Crisis Chapter 25 18 Cultural Warrants in Development Communication Contexts in Africa Chapter 26 Bibliography
Méthodes Bayésiennes pour le démélange d'images hyperspectrales. (Bayesian methods for hyperspectral image unmixing)

L’imagerie hyperspectrale est tres largement employee en teledetection pour diverses applications, dans le domaine civil comme dans le domaine militaire. Une image hyperspectrale est le resultat de l’acquisition d’une seule scene observee dans plusieurs longueurs d’ondes. Par consequent, chacun des pixels constituant cette image est represente par un vecteur de mesures (generalement des reflectances) appele spectre. Une etape majeure dans l’analyse des donnees hyperspectrales consiste a identifier les composants macroscopiques (signatures) presents dans la region observee et leurs proportions correspondantes (abondances). Les dernieres techniques developpees pour ces analyses ne modelisent pas correctement ces images. En effet, habituellement ces techniques supposent l’existence de pixels purs dans l’image, c’est-a-dire des pixels constitue d’un seul materiau pur. Or, un pixel est rarement constitue d’elements purs distincts l’un de l’autre. Ainsi, les estimations basees sur ces modeles peuvent tout a fait s’averer bien loin de la realite. Le but de cette etude est de proposer de nouveaux algorithmes d’estimation a l’aide d’un modele plus adapte aux proprietes intrinseques des images hyperspectrales. Les parametres inconnus du modele sont ainsi deduits dans un cadre Bayesien. L’utilisation de methodes de Monte Carlo par Chaines de Markov (MCMC) permet de surmonter les difficultes liees aux calculs complexes de ces methodes d’estimation.
Ecohydrological niche segregation among desert shrubs in a gypsum-calcareous formation, north-western Iran

ABSTRACT Background Xerophilic subshrubs exhibit multiple functional types and frequently show hydrological niche segregation. In the poorly studied Irano-Turanian gypsum deserts, knowledge of the ecohydrological strategies of different plant species is essential to understand community complexity in these vulnerable ecosystems. Aim We studied the ecohydrological strategies of five co-existing subshrub members of Caryophyllales, ascertaining if their rooting architecture, gypsum affinity or photosynthetic pathway determined their water uptake, and if gypsum crystallisation water could be a relevant water source for plants in different seasons. Methods We conducted soil and xylem sampling for isotope analyses in spring and summer and extracted water by cryogenic vacuum distillation. Oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions were determined and compared with visual representation and Bayesian Mixing Models to determine species ecohydrological strategies. Results Species – season interactions were related to differences in xylem sap isotopic composition. Three basic strategies relying on contrasting the use of free topsoil moisture and deep soil water could be detected and were in part explained by rooting architecture. Plant gypsum affinity and photosynthetic pathways did not have a significant effect on the water sources used by the plants. Conclusions Ecohydrological niche segregation was explained partly by rooting architecture and species-specific traits. Gypsum crystallisation water was not used in summer by the studied species.
Determination of Levels of As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb in Soils and Some Vegetables Taken from River Mojo Water Irrigated Farmland at Koka Village, Oromia State, East Ethiopia

This study was aimed to determine the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb in soils and garlic, kale, onion, pepper and potato samples from farmlands irrigated with River Mojo water, at Koka village, Oromia state, east Ethiopia. Flame and Hydride Generation Atomic absorption Spectrometry methods were employed. The test results showed that in all soil samples, all the five trace heavy metals exist. The order of the metals mean concentrations (mg/kg) in soil is: As (32.72 ± 22.50), Pb (22.99 ± 11.09) > Cd (5.23 ± 5.94) > Cr (3.60 ± 2.81) > Hg (2.41 ± 1.24). The mean concentrations of Hg and Cr analyzed were above the FAO/WHO and below Austria and Poland set standards. The level of analyzed Cd is above the standards of European Union, India, United States, Poland, Germany and Austria. The arsenic concentration lies below all the standards except for that of United States. Pb result is within the set standards of Austria, Germany, Poland, US, EU, FAO but exceeds that of EC and India. -----------------------------------------------------------------------* Corresponding author. Tel: +251 228110764, Mobile: +251911343326, Fax: 251-222-100075 E-mail address: tamenefite@yahoo.com.
Local perceptions of sea turtles on Bora Bora and Maupiti islands, French Polynesia

In many Pacific Island cultures, sea turtles are key figures that symbolise longevity, peace and strength. Nevertheless, their existence is now under threat. The qualitative research described in this article was undertaken on the French Polynesian islands of Bora Bora and Maupiti (see Figs. 1 and 2) to inventory local perceptions regarding sea turtles, and to better understand the relationship between them and humans. The information gathered provides a better understanding and assessment of the cultural heritage of sea turtles in French Polynesia. Special emphasis was placed on understanding the perceptions of children and their potential role as "ambassadors of the environment''.
Unveiling the Unspoken: A Comprehensive Literature Review on The Hidden Crisis of Out-Of-Wedlock Pregnancies among Malaysian Youth

Out-of-wedlock pregnancy is a complex and sensitive issue in Malaysia, particularly among young people. To develop a comprehensive understanding of this issue, this paper employs a literature search design, examining a range of scholarly articles, reports, and official statistics. This approach allows for a thorough analysis of existing data and perspectives on the matter, while also identifying gaps in current knowledge and understanding. It is important to avoid out-of-wedlock marriage in Malaysia for several reasons. First, it can have negative consequences for the individuals involved, such as social stigma, emotional distress, and financial difficulties. Second, it can lead to unwanted pregnancies, which can pose health risks for both the mother and child, as well as potentially negative consequences for the child's future. Third, it can impact society as a whole, as it may contribute to issues such as poverty, unemployment, and crime. The government has taken proactive steps to address this issue by implementing advocacy strategies, prevention programs, and public awareness campaigns aimed at educating teenagers and young adults about reproductive health. Non-governmental organizations and private entities have also established shelters and safe spaces for young, unmarried pregnant women. However, there is still a critical need for comprehensive programs that are tailored to the cultural and individual needs of the community, to educate and empower young people to make informed decisions about their sexual health and well-being.
SATELLITES TO AGRICULTURAL FIELDS: THE ROLE OF REMOTE SENSING IN PRECISION AGRICULTURE

Precision agriculture, driven by the growing demand for sustainable farming practices, relies heavily on technologies such as remote sensing. Despite its critical role, a comprehensive review of remote sensing within the context of precision agriculture remains sparse. This paper aims to bridge this gap by providing a thorough overview of remote sensing technologies, their applications, challenges, future trends, and potential impact on precision agriculture. Employing a literature review methodology, we analyzed key studies to comprehend precision agriculture's evolution and remote sensing technologies' significant role. Our examination encompassed various remote sensing applications, from crop health monitoring to yield estimation, soil mapping, irrigation management, and pest and disease detection. We also evaluated emerging trends and identified challenges such as the need for high-resolution data, atmospheric disturbances, and requisite technical expertise for effective data interpretation. Despite these challenges, the review underscores the transformative potential of remote sensing technologies in advancing precision agriculture. Future research should prioritize addressing these challenges and strive to make these technologies more accessible and affordable. Moreover, integrating remote sensing with artificial intelligence and machine learning in interdisciplinary research could further bolster the efficacy and potential of precision agriculture.
Influence of temperature and nitrogen on photosynthesis in early and late successional tree species of the Great Lakes region: implications for forest carbon uptake.

The interactions between forests and climate are becoming an increasingly important global processes. Therefore, forest carbon uptake, by means of photosynthesis, and the factors that affect it are important parameters for climate models. Modeling photosynthesis requires values of rate of carboxylation (Vcmax) and electron transport capacity (Jmax), both of which can be derived from gas exchange measurements based on the Farquhar, von Caemmerer and Berry (FvCB) model of photosynthesis. In this study, A/Ci curve analysis was done in Northern lower Michigan for two late successional species, red oak (Quercus rubra) and red maple (Acer rubrum), and one early successional species, bigtooth aspen (Populus grandidentata). Samples were taken across different canopy levels and temperatures to determine the effects on photosynthetic activity. It was found that for Vcmax, species was not significant and canopy was only significant for red oak. For Jmax, species was significant and canopy was significant for both red oak and red maple. Further analysis suggested that the Jmax species differences were likely attributable to canopy differences These results suggest the importance of canopy structure in determining the photosynthetic activity, and therefore carbon uptake, of forests. Consequently, it also implies that changes to forest composition have the potential to cause changes in the carbon uptake of the forest.
Analysis on the Integrated Development of New Energy Industry and Vocational Education

: With the continuous growth of global energy demand and the aggravation of environmental pollution, the new energy industry has become one of the important strategic directions for global economic development and environmental protection. Based on renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydropower, and geothermal energy, the new energy industry is a complete industrial chain covering multiple links including energy development, production, sales, and services. With the continuous advancement of technology and policy promotion, the new energy industry has rapidly developed globally and has become an important direction for economic transformation and industrial upgrading in various countries. At the same time, the development of the new energy industry also provides new opportunities and challenges for vocational education. Therefore, this article will explore the integration and development of the new energy industry and vocational education from several aspects such as the positioning of the new energy industry, future development trends, and strategic paths of integration, aiming to conduct in-depth research and provide useful reference and inspiration for the development of related fields.
Transfer functions

In statistical time‐series analysis, signal processing, and control engineering, a transfer function is a mathematical relationship between a numerical input to a dynamic system and the resulting output. The theory of transfer functions describes how the input/output relationship is affected by the structure of the transfer function. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Heavy thinning of ponderosa pine stands: an Arizona case study.

Ffolliott, Peter F. ; Baker, Jr., Malchus B. ; Gottfried, Gerald J. 2000. Res. Pap. RMRS-RP-22. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 6 p. Growth and structural changes in a mosaic of even-aged ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) stands were studied for 25 years to determine the long-term impacts of a heavy thinning treatment to a basal-area level of 25 ft2/acre. Basal area and volume growth of these stands has increased since thinning and likely will continue to increase as the residual trees increase in size. Furthermore, future stand integrity should be maintained at relatively low-density levels. It is unlikely, however, that timber production could be sustained at this level. A more plausible scenario is to manage the watershed for other resource values available from ponderosa pine stands.
The petrogenesis of late Precambrian felsic alkaline magmatism in south Sinai, Egypt

Alkaline felsic magmatism represents the final phase of the late Precambrian acid magmatism in south Sinai. The studied felsic suites occur as dyke-like intrusions, exhibit features characteristic of A-type granites. There were two main cycles of magmatic activity separated by a period of magmatic quiescence, which led to a composition gap between them. The earlier cycle includes quartz syenite that represents the precursor of the A-type granite series in south Sinai, whereas the second cycle includes more felsic volcanic-subvolcanic intrusive complexes. Intrusion of the two cycles was controlled by the preexisting structure and individual igneous bodies were emplaced in an extensional tectonic regime during a phase of fracturing and uplift at the end of the Pan-African orogeny. The high variability in geochemical signature of A-type magmas in south Sinai suggests a variety of petrologic processes and reservoirs which reflects the participation of an intraplate mantle reservoir and evolved continental crust. Kenrichment in the rhyolite is a primary feature and attributed to the effect of volatiles which accumulated in the upper part of the magma chamber. In general, A-type magmas in south Sinai can be differentiated according to their magma source and tectonic setting into (1) non-primitive A-type magma (A Np ) and (2) primitive A-type magma (A p ). The non-primitive A-type magma is commonly known in Sinai as Iqna granite, which belongs to the highly fractionated, late- to post-orogenic, calc-alkaline 1- type granites. The primitive A-type magma shows within-plate geochemical characteristics and was emplaced in an anorogenic setting. It is distinguished further into: (i) a magma having characteristics indicative of OIB-mantle contribution (A 1 )' and (ii) magma derived from crustal sources (A 2 ).
Teaching english speaking skill at preparatory schools in sulaimani city

The present study tries to find out how teaching speaking skills is taught in the preparatory schools in Sulaymaniyah city and how the teachers exploit the speaking activities in the preparatory stage text book, what kinds of teaching strategies are used by preparatory English teachers in teaching the skill under study? , and What problems face preparatory English teachers while teaching the skill? A class observation was done to collect data in order to describe the situation in which eleven of them were observed during teaching. During observation of this study, teachers used a variety of strategies to teach speaking, including storytelling, picture describing, role play, games, and pair work. Teachers follow the classic methods to teach specified as grammar translation method, and with a rare using of Pair work was considered to be the most popular method by the teachers in teaching speaking. And, according the findings some problems indicated in which they cannot exploit the speaking activity well. Several of them refer the difficulties to internal factors such as native language usage by both the teachers and learners. And, plenty of them present the problems that relates to external factors such as the environment of teaching, the course book and teaching materials. Moreover, limited time for teaching English language, it makes less opportunity for speaking skill teaching To conclude, although, the preparatory English language teachers in Sulaymaniyah city used some strategies to teach speaking skill, they faced some difficulties.
Research on Speech Repetition Tasks in Mandarin Preschool Children

: In recent years, some verbal repetition tasks have gained much attention, such as non-word repetition and digit-span. A large number of studies have concluded that these repetition tasks have the ability to differentiate between children with speech and language disorders and typically developing children. Moreover, they are closely related to a variety of language skills, especially vocabulary skills. Many studies have also used a combination of several speech repetition tasks to examine which task has the highest accuracy in diagnosing children with language disorders. However, there is a lack of research on Mandarin Chinese. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of Mandarin-speaking preschool children, aged 3-6 years, in three repetition tasks: word repetition, nonword repetition, and digit span. The goal is to provide new insights for the screening of Mandarin-speaking children with language disorders.
PENGARUH ONLINE CUSTOMER REVIEW DAN ONLINE CUSTOMER RATING TERHADAP KEPERCAYAAN KONSUMEN (Studi kasus: Pengguna Shopee di Bandar Lampung)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh online customer review dan online customer rating terhadap kepercayaan konsumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yaitu kuantitatif. Populasi pada penelitian ini merupakan konsumen yang pernah melakukan pembelian minimal 3 kali pada Marketplace Shopee. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 100 responden. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari penyebaran kuesioner kepada responden. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis jalur atau path analysis dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 16. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa online customer review dan online customer rating berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepercayaan konsumen pada Marketplace Shopee.
Bioinformatics, the Clearing-House Mechanism and the Convention on Biological Diversity

This paper will discuss the development and role of the Convention’s Clearing-House Mechanism (CHM), its synergies with the Biosafety Clearing-House (BCH), and its support for bioinformatic initiatives in light of the Convention’s programme areas and cross-cutting issues. Within this context, the paper will also examine the significance of bioinformatics in assisting Parties to implement obligations under the Convention and the role of the CHM in facilitating activities by Parties and Governments to exploit the benefits arising from the evolving bioinformatics global infrastructure.