Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Progression and stop organization reveals conservation of movement organization during dark exploration across rats and mice

Spatial orientation is a ubiquitous feature of animal behavior. Environmental and self-movement cues are sources of information used to maintain spatial orientation. The literature has typically focused on differences between mice and rats using environmental cues to guide movement. The current study uses the organization of exploratory behavior under dark conditions to investigate species differences in self-movement cue processing. Mouse and rat exploratory behavior was recorded under dark conditions on a circular table without walls. The resulting movements were segmented in progressions (movement ≥ 3 cm/s) and stops (movement<3 cm/s). Mice exhibited longer travel distances, faster progression peak speeds, and weaker tendency to scale progression peak speeds to Euclidean distances relative to rats. In contrast, similar levels of performance were observed on measures (progression path circuity, change in heading, stability of stopping behavior) sensitive to vestibular pathology. These results are consistent with species differences in a variety of performance variables; however, self-movement cue based spatial orientation did not differentiate between mice and rats. This work establishes a translational foundation for future work investigating the neurobiology of self-movement cue processing using species-unique neuroscience techniques.
On a variant of sum-product estimates and explicit exponential sum bounds in prime fields

Abstract Let Fp be the field of a prime order p and F*p be its multiplicative subgroup. In this paper we obtain a variant of sum-product estimates which in particular implies the bound $$ |A-A|+|AA|\gg |A|^{13/12}(\log|A|)^{-4/11} $$ for any subset A ⊂ Fp with 1 < |A| < p12/23. Then we apply our estimate to obtain explicit bounds for some exponential sums in Fp. We show that for any subsets X, Y, Z ⊂ F*p and any complex numbers αx, βy, γz with |αx| ≤ 1, |βy| ≤ 1, |γz| ≤ 1, the following bound holds: $$ \Biggl|\sum_{x\in X}\sum_{y\in Y}\sum_{z\in Z}\alpha_x\beta_y\gamma_z e_p(xyz)\Biggr|< (|X||Y||Z|)^{13/16}p^{5/18+o(1)}. $$ We apply this bound further to show that if H is a subgroup of F*p with |H| > p1/4, then $$ \max_{(a, p)=1}\Biggl|\sum_{x\in H} e_p(a x)\Biggr| < |H|^{9437009/9437184+o(1)}. $$ Finally we show that if g is a generator of F*p then for any M < p the number of solutions of the equation $$ g^x+g^y=g^z+g^t, \quad 1\le x, y, z, t\le M $$ is less than $M^{3-1/24+o(1)}\Bigl(1+(M^2/p)^{1/24}\Bigr). $. This implies that if p1/2 < M < p, then $$ \max_{(a, p)=1}\Biggl|\sum_{x\le M}e_p(ag^x)\Biggr|< M^{215/217+o(1)}. $$
When Heart Beats Differently in Depression: Review of Nonlinear Heart Rate Variability Measures

Background Disturbed heart dynamics in depression seriously increases mortality risk. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a rich source of information for studying this dynamics. This paper is a meta-analytic review with methodological commentary of the application of nonlinear analysis of HRV and its possibility to address cardiovascular diseases in depression. Objective This paper aimed to appeal for the introduction of cardiological screening to patients with depression, because it is still far from established practice. The other (main) objective of the paper was to show that nonlinear methods in HRV analysis give better results than standard ones. Methods We systematically searched on the web for papers on nonlinear analyses of HRV in depression, in line with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 framework recommendations. We scrutinized the chosen publications and performed random-effects meta-analysis, using the esci module in jamovi software where standardized effect sizes (ESs) are corrected to yield the proof of the practical utility of their results. Results In all, 26 publications on the connection of nonlinear HRV measures and depression meeting our inclusion criteria were selected, examining a total of 1537 patients diagnosed with depression and 1041 healthy controls (N=2578). The overall ES (unbiased) was 1.03 (95% CI 0.703-1.35; diamond ratio 3.60). We performed 3 more meta-analytic comparisons, demonstrating the overall effectiveness of 3 groups of nonlinear analysis: detrended fluctuation analysis (overall ES 0.364, 95% CI 0.237-0.491), entropy-based measures (overall ES 1.05, 95% CI 0.572-1.52), and all other nonlinear measures (overall ES 0.702, 95% CI 0.422-0.982). The effectiveness of the applied methods of electrocardiogram analysis was compared and discussed in the light of detection and prevention of depression-related cardiovascular risk. Conclusions We compared the ESs of nonlinear and conventional time and spectral methods (found in the literature) and demonstrated that those of the former are larger, which recommends their use for the early screening of cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with depression to prevent possible deleterious events.
Do They Align? Congruence Between Patient Preferences of People Living with Cognitive Impairments and Physicians’ Judgements for Person-Centered Care: An Analytic Hierarchy Process Study

Background: Person-centered care (PCC) requires knowledge about patient preferences. Among people living with cognitive impairments (PlwCI), evidence on quantitative, choice-based preferences, which allow to quantify, weigh, and rank care elements, is limited. Furthermore, data on the congruence of patient preferences with physicians’ judgements for PCC are missing. Such information is expected to support the implementation of PCC; state-of-the-art medical care aligned with patients’ preferences. Objective: To elicit patient preferences and physicians’ judgements for PCC and their congruence. Methods: Data from the mixed-methods PreDemCare study, including a cross-sectional, paper-and-pencil, interviewer-assisted analytic hierarchy process (AHP) survey conducted with n = 50 community-dwelling PlwCI and n = 25 physicians. Individual AHP weights (preferences/judgements) were calculated with the principal eigenvector method and aggregated per group by aggregation of individual priorities mode. Individual consistency ratios (CRs) were calculated and aggregated per group. Group differences in preferences/judgements were investigated descriptively by means and standard deviations (SDs) of AHP weights, resulting ranks, and boxplots. Additionally, differences between groups were investigated with independent paired t-test/Mann Whitney U-test. Sensitivity of AHP results was tested by inclusion/exclusion of inconsistent respondents, with an accepted threshold at CR≤0.3 for patients, and CR≤0.2 for physicians, due to better cognitive fitness of the latter group. Results: Patient preferences and physicians’ judgements did not differ significantly, except for the criterion Memory Exercises (AHP weights (mean (SD)): 0.135 (0.066) versus 0.099 (0.068), p = 0.01). We did not see rank-reversals of criteria after exclusion of inconsistent participants. Mean CR for patients at the criteria level was 0.261, and 0.181 for physicians. Conclusion: Physicians’ judgements in our setting aligned well with patients’ preferences. Our findings may be used to guide the implementation of preference-based PCC.
Infection Prevention and Control Initiatives to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, East Africa

The coronavirus disease pandemic has highlighted the need to establish and maintain strong infection prevention and control (IPC) practices, not only to prevent healthcare-associated transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to healthcare workers and patients but also to prevent disruptions of essential healthcare services. In East Africa, where basic IPC capacity in healthcare facilities is limited, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) supported rapid IPC capacity building in healthcare facilities in 4 target countries: Tanzania, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda. CDC supported IPC capacity-building initiatives at the healthcare facility and national levels according to each country’s specific needs, priorities, available resources, and existing IPC capacity and systems. In addition, CDC established a multicountry learning network to strengthen hospital level IPC, with an emphasis on peer-to-peer learning. We present an overview of the key strategies used to strengthen IPC in these countries and lessons learned from implementation.
Effects of lipotropic products on egg quality, blood biochemistry, and immune responses in commercial laying hens fed with medium and high metabolizable energy level diets

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of L-carnitine, choline chloride, and lecithin in the diet of laying hens fed with medium and high energy level diets on egg quality, blood biochemical parameters, and immune responses. The first factor was two levels of energy (medium = 2900 and high = 3000 kcal/kg) and the second factor was the use of three lipoprotein supplements (L-carnitine 100 mg/kg, choline chloride 1000 mg/kg, and 2% alternative lecithin dietary fat). Results showed that experimental diets led to significant differences (P < 0.05) in production, concentrated white height, yolk height, yolk diameter, yolk index, yolk content, and weight index to the shell. The results also showed that the use of high energy levels vs medium energy levels improved the egg quality as well as other aforementioned factors. In conclusion, the use of high energy levels (3000kcal/kg) as well as L-carnitine (100mg/kg) as a dietary supplement had the greatest effects on the studied factors.
Influence of Comorbid Social Anxiety Disorder on Symptomatology and Social Functioning in Female Military Sexual Trauma Survivors with PTSD

Abstract Military sexual trauma (MST) is a common experience in veterans and associated with numerous negative outcomes, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), diagnostic comorbidity, and impairments in multiple domains, including social functioning. Comorbid social anxiety disorder (SOC) may represent a particularly challenging presentation due to added difficulties with social functioning and treatment response. The present study investigated severity, emotion regulation, and perceived support and functioning of comorbid SOC in female MST survivors with PTSD. Participants were recruited for a randomized clinical trial that compared telehealth and in-person delivery of evidence-based psychotherapy for PTSD. Of the 112 participants with PTSD, 30 participants (27%) also met criteria for comorbid SOC on a diagnostic interview. Participants with comorbid PTSD-SOC endorsed poorer emotion regulation, less positive affect, and greater negative affect compared to participants with PTSD without SOC comorbidity. Participants with comorbid PTSD-SOC also were less likely to be involved in a romantic relationship and evidenced increased difficulties in sharing thoughts and feelings with family members and friends. Together, these findings suggest that SOC comorbidity in patients with MST-related PTSD is associated with increased impairments in emotion regulation and social functioning.
A Thiosemicarbazone Derivative as a Booster in Photodynamic Therapy—A Way to Improve the Therapeutic Effect

Photodynamic therapy is one of the most patient friendly and promising anticancer therapies. The active ingredient is irradiated protoporphyrin IX, which is produced in the body that transfers energy to the oxygen-triggering phototoxic reaction. This effect could be enhanced by using iron chelators, which inhibit the final step of heme biosynthesis, thereby increasing the protoporphyrin IX concentration. In the presented work, we studied thiosemicarbazone derivative, which is a universal enhancer of the phototoxic effect. We examined several genes that are involved in the transport of the heme substrates and heme itself. The results indicate that despite an elevated level of ABCG2, which is responsible for the PpIX efflux, its concentration in a cell is sufficient to trigger a photodynamic reaction. This effect was not observed for 5-ALA alone. The analyzed cell lines differed in the scale of the effect and a correlation with the PpIX accumulation was observed. Additionally, an increased activation of the iron transporter MFNR1 was also detected, which indicated that the regulation of iron transport is essential in PDT.
Increased Productivity in the Equatorial Pacific During the Deglaciation Inferred From the Ba/Ca Ratios of Non‐Spinose Planktic Foraminifera

The production and export of organic matter to deep‐sea sediments is a key driver in modulating glacial‐interglacial carbon cycles. Yet, it remains unsettled whether productivity has increased or decreased over glacial‐interglacial transitions, in part because productivity proxies may be complicated by sediment re‐deposition and diagenetic alterations. Here, we explore using non‐spinose foraminifera Ba/Ca ratios as a proxy for surface ocean productivity. We analyze foraminifera Ba/Ca ratios since the Last Glacial Maximum in cores that span a productivity gradient along the equatorial Pacific. Ba/Ca is low and invariable in the spinose species Trilobatus sacculifer. In contrast, Ba/Ca is higher and more variable in the non‐spinose species Neogloboquadrina dutertrei and Pulleniatina obliquiloculata. Ba/Ca enrichment in non‐spinose species is hypothesized to be linked to the degradation of organic matter within the species' particulate microhabitat and reflects surface ocean particulate organic matter productivity at the time of shell calcification (Fehrenbacher et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2018.03.008). Ba/Ca in core‐top and sediment trap derived non‐spinose foraminifera correlate with organic matter productivity. We reconstruct an increase in non‐spinose species Ba/Ca during the deglacial in the western and eastern equatorial Pacific and suggest this may be linked to an increase in productivity, as observed in several other regional records. The 16–17 ka BP peak in non‐spinose foraminifera Ba/Ca is evident in specimens obtained from a deep ocean core and from regions that experience sediment focusing, suggesting the Ba/Ca proxy may be useful even in regions where samples are poorly preserved or complicated by sediment re‐deposition.
SOUND TRANSMISSION THROUGH A THIN BAFFLED PLATE: VALIDATION OF A LIGHT FLUID APPROXIMATION WITH NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

The response of a thin elastic rectangular baffled plate embedded in a gas and excited by an incident acoustic field is studied theoretically and experimentally. The model equations are analyzed by a perturbation method based on the expansion of the solution in eigenmodes and a small parameter. The small parameter expresses that the gas has a density which is small with respect to the density of the plate. The approximation obtained, the so-called light fluid approximation, is compared with the numerical solution of the exact boundary integral equations equivalent to the initial system of partial differential equations. Finally, the predictions given by the light fluid approximation are compared with experimental results. These two comparisons show the efficiency and the accuracy of the method.
Aetiology, diagnosis and management of halitosis – a narrative review

Objectives The present study aimed to present an overview of the aetiology of oral malodour and the diagnostic and treatment procedures. Design A comprehensive review of scientific literature (up to December 2021) was conducted using Medline and PubMed databases and Google Scholar, including checking reference lists of journal articles by hand-searching. Results are presented descriptively for halitosis's aetiology, diagnosis and clinical management. Results The origin of the foul odour problem is mainly due to intra-oral causes, while only a proportion of cases result from additional systemic problems. In some cases, the problem can be caused by co-existing oral and extraoral problems. Evidence suggests that the leading cause of intra-oral halitosis is the anaerobic microorganisms present in the tongue plaque. Less commonly, the foul odour is due to poor oral hygiene and periodontitis. Conclusion The origin of the foul odour problem is mainly due to intra-oral causes, while only a proportion of cases result from additional systemic problems. Dentists need to analyse and treat the oral problems that may be responsible for the patient's malodour, as well as inform the patient about the causes of the foul odour and oral hygiene procedures (flossing, tongue cleaning, selection and use of appropriate mouthwash and toothpaste). If the problem persists, they should know whom to refer the patient to for further diagnosis. It is reasonable to organise consultations on halitosis in a multidisciplinary setting - periodontists, otolaryngologists (ENT specialists), internal medicine specialists, gastroenterologists, psychiatrists, psychologists and others.
About the multidimensional competitive learning vector quantization algorithm with constant gain

The competitive learning vector quantization (CLVQ) algorithm with constant step " > 0|also known as the Kohonen algorithm with 0 neighbors|is studied when the stimuli are i.i. d. vectors. Its (cid:12)rst noticeable feature is that, unlike the one-dimensional case which has n ! absorbing subsets, the CLVQ algorithm is \irreducible on open sets" whenever the stimuli distribution has a path-connected support with a nonempty interior. Then the Doeblin recurrence (or uniform ergodicity) of the algorithm is established under some convexity assumption on the support. Several properties of the invariant probability measure (cid:23) " are studied, including support location and absolute continuity with respect to the Lebesgue measure. Finally, the weak limit set of (cid:23) " as " ! 0 is investigated.
Community adaptation strategies toward tidal flood: A Case study in Langsa, Indonesia

Flood risk reduction in Indonesia is primarily still focused on structural measures with limited research assessing community adaptation strategies. The response and adaptation strategies carried out by the community have been recognized as playing an important role in planning future mitigation actions. Community adaptation strategies are key factors in disaster risk reduction. This study aimed to determine the responses and adaptation strategies to manage tidal floods by the coastal community of Langsa City. An in-depth interview with village heads and officials, youth leaders and the community was performed to generate data. The results showed that the local community ignored the dangers of tidal floods and disregarded them as life-threatening. Furthermore, they carried out adaptations, such as raising the house level using wood materials and building dams along the coastline autonomously without government intervention. The adaptations were carried out through communal work referred to as ‘gotong royong’ (mutual cooperation). Contribution These findings highlight the importance of ‘gotong royong’ as social capital in disaster risk reduction and government attention to conduct integrated coastal area management.
Structure and energetics of the vacancy in graphite

We determine properties of the vacancy in graphite from first principles calculations. The ground-state structure is associated with a formation energy of 7.4 eV and arises through a combination of symmetric relaxation and symmetry-breaking Jahn-Teller distortion to one of three degenerate, symmetry-related structures. The distortion results in a weak reconstructed bond and small out-of-plane atomic displacements. Dynamic switching between degenerate structures is activated by a barrier of 0.1 eV and we interpret scanning tunneling microscopy observations on the basis of thermal averaging between structures. The calculated migration energy of 1.7 eV is lower than that widely accepted from experiment, and we propose that the discrepancy is explained by a revised picture of trapping during vacancy transport, dependent on concentration. We discuss the significance of these findings in understanding defect behavior in irradiated graphite and related graphitic materials, in particular single-walled nanotubes.
Electron impact excitation of Fe III : forbidden transitions

Electron-impact excitation collision strengths of the iron peak element Fe III are calculated in the close-coupling approximation using the new R-matrix program PRMAT designed for present and future generations of parallel processors. In the present calculations 136 LS-coupled states arising from the 3d6, 3d54s and 3d54p configurations of Fe III are retained. The effective collision strengths, which are extremely important in the analysis of astrophysically important lines in the Fe III spectra, are obtained by averaging the electron collision strengths for a wide range of incident electron energies over a Maxwellian distribution of velocities. Results are presented for electron temperatures (Te in Kelvin) in the range 3.3≤log Te≤6.0, applicable to many laboratory and astrophysical plasmas for forbidden transitions within the 3d6 manifold. The present results provide improved results for important lines in the Fe III spectrum.
Optimized identification of earlywood and latewood stiffnesses in loblolly pine in simulated experiments

Knowledge of local mechanical behaviour of wood is especially important as silvicultural practices are modified to allow wood to compete as a relevant material in high technology applications. Challenges associated with identification of local mechanical behaviour have resulted in simplified test geometries designed to determine one or two constitutive parameters. The objective of this work was to design and simulate an entire experiment developed to simultaneously identify the earlywood and latewood orthotropic stiffnesses in loblolly pine in a single specimen and load geometry. The virtual experiment was capable of evaluating optimal orthotropy orientation for reduced identification errors and indicating most favourable choices for data smoothing filters and identification methodology. Additionally, certain ring spacing and latewood percentages were shown to produce large errors, but those combinations are unlikely to occur naturally. The simulation was able to identify Q11,Q22 , and Q66 with approximately ±10% error; the Q12 error was larger with more scatter. The methodology presented here contributes to the best practices available for heterogeneous stiffness identification.
Vibration Control of Seat Suspension using H∞ Reliable Control

This paper is concerned with the problem of robust H∞ reliable load-dependent control design for a class of semi-active seat suspension systems. A four degree-of-freedom human body model is considered in order to investigate the control strategy more precisely. It is assumed that the human body mass resides in an interval and can be measured online. The load-dependent approach is based on a parameter-dependent Lyapunov function. Thus the proposed method is capable of reducing the conservatism and improving the closed-loop performance. Actuator faults are also considered in the controller design process and the resulting control systems are reliable because they provide guaranteed asymptotic stability and H∞ performance in spite of the possible actuator failures. The usefulness and advantages of the controller design methodology are demonstrated through a design example.