Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neonatal Calf Diarrhea and Gastrointestinal Microbiota: Etiologic Agents and Microbiota Manipulation for Treatment and Prevention of Diarrhea

Simple Summary Diarrhea in newborn calves is a major global health concern, leading to significant illness and death. However, understanding the changes in the gut bacteria of calves with diarrhea and its causes still needs to be expanded. Various studies have shown that the gut bacteria in calves with diarrhea differs significantly from that of healthy calves of the same age. One crucial question is whether these bacterial changes contribute to, or result from, the gut inflammation caused by the pathogens associated with calf diarrhea. This review summarizes the current information on the alterations in the gut bacteria of calves with diarrhea and how the pathogens linked to diarrhea affect these bacterial communities. In human and dog medicine, strategies like pre-and probiotics, colostrum feeding, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) have successfully treated and prevented gut diseases. While there is some information on using probiotics to prevent diarrhea in cattle, there is limited knowledge on employing these methods for treating calf diarrhea, including prebiotics or FMT. The second goal of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the use and efficacy of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, colostrum feeding, and FMT can be used to treat and prevent diarrhea in calves. Abstract Neonatal calf diarrhea is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality globally. The changes associated with the gastrointestinal microbiota in neonatal calves experiencing diarrhea and its etiology are not fully understood or completely defined in the literature. Several studies have demonstrated that the fecal microbiota of calves that experience diarrhea substantially deviates from that of healthy age-matched calves. However, one key question remains: whether the changes observed in the bacterial communities (also known as dysbiosis) are a predisposing factor for, or the consequence of, gastrointestinal inflammation caused by the pathogens associated with calf diarrhea. The first objective of this literature review is to present the current information regarding the changes in the fecal microbiota of diarrheic calves and the impact of the pathogens associated with diarrhea on fecal microbiota. Modulation of the gastrointestinal microbiota using pre- and probiotics, colostrum feeding, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been used to treat and prevent gastrointestinal diseases in humans and dogs. Although information regarding the use of probiotics for the prevention of diarrhea is available in cattle, little information is available regarding the use of these strategies for treating calf diarrhea and the use of prebiotics or FMT to prevent diarrhea. The second objective of this literature review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the impact of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, colostrum feeding, and FMT for the treatment and prevention of calf diarrhea.
The Crucial Role of SlGSNOR in Regulating Postharvest Tomato Fruit Ripening

S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is a well-known regulator in controlling protein S-nitrosylation modification and nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis. Here, a GSNOR inhibitor N6022 and SlGSNOR silencing were applied to investigate the roles of SlGSNOR in tomato fruit postharvest ripening. We found that the application of N6022 and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO, a NO donor), and SlGSNOR silencing delayed the transition of fruit skin color by improving total chlorophyll level by 88.57%, 44.78%, and 91.03%, respectively. Meanwhile, total carotenoid and lycopene contents were reduced by these treatments. Concurrently, the activity of chlorophyll biosynthesis enzymes and the expression of related genes were upregulated, and the transcript abundances of total carotenoid bioproduction genes were downregulated, by N6022 and GSNO treatments and SlGSNOR silencing. In addition, fruit softening was postponed by N6022, GSNO, and SlGSNOR silencing, through delaying the decrease of firmness and declining cell wall composition; structure-related enzyme activity; and gene expression levels. Furthermore, N6022, GSNO, and SlGSNOR silencing enhanced the accumulation of titratable acid; ascorbic acid; total phenol; and total flavonoid, but repressed the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein accompanied with the expression pattern changes of nutrition-related genes. In addition, the endogenous NO contents were elevated by 197.55%; 404.59%; and 713.46%, and the endogenous SNOs contents were enhanced by 74.65%; 93.49%; and 94.85%; by N6022 and GSNO treatments and SlGSNOR silencing, respectively. Altogether, these results indicate that SlGSNOR positively promotes tomato postharvest fruit ripening, which may be largely on account of its negative roles in the endogenous NO level.
Pore water and solid-phase measurements on sediment core 347-M0065 from the Bornholm Basin

Phosphorus (P) concentrations in sediments are frequently used to reconstruct past environmental conditions in freshwater and marine systems, with high values thought to be indicative of a high biological productivity. Recent studies suggest that the post-depositional formation of vivianite, an iron(II)-phosphate mineral, might significantly alter trends in P with sediment depth. To assess its importance, we investigate a sediment record from the Bornholm Basin that was retrieved during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Baltic Sea Paleoenvironment Expedition 347 in 2013, consisting of lake sediments overlain by brackish-marine deposits. Combining bulk sediment geochemistry with microanalysis using scanning electron microscope energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), we demonstrate that vivianite-type minerals rich in manganese and magnesium are present in the lake deposits just below the transition to the brackish-marine sediments (at 11.5 to 12 m sediment depth). In this depth interval, phosphate that diffuses down from the organic-rich, brackish-marine sediments meets porewaters rich in dissolved iron in the lake sediments, resulting in the precipitation of iron(II) phosphate. Results from a reactive transport model suggest that the peak in iron(II) phosphate originally occurred at the lake-marine transition (9 to 10 m) and moved downwards due to changes in the depth of a sulfidization front. However, its current position relative to the lake-marine transition is stable as the vivianite-type minerals and active sulfidization fronts have been spatially separated over time. Experiments in which vivianite was subjected to sulfidic conditions demonstrate that incorporation of manganese or magnesium in vivianite does not affect its susceptibility to sulfide-induced dissolution. Our work highlights that post-depositional formation of iron(II) phosphates such as vivianite has the potential to strongly alter sedimentary P records particularly in systems that are subject to environmental perturbation, such as a change in primary productivity, which can be associated with a lake-marine transition.
Nursing Interventions for Client and Family Training in the Proper Use of Noninvasive Ventilation in the Transition from Hospital to Community: A Scoping Review

Noninvasive ventilation is an increasingly disseminated therapeutic option, which is explained by increases in the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases, life expectancy, and the effectiveness of this type of respiratory support. This literature review observes that upon returning home after hospital discharge, there are difficulties in adhering to and maintaining this therapy. The aim of this study is to identify nursing interventions for client and family training in the proper use of noninvasive ventilation in the transition from hospital to community. A scoping review was carried out by searching MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science. The articles were selected by two independent reviewers by applying the predefined eligibility criteria. Regarding transitional care, the authors opted to include studies about interventions to train clients and families during hospital stay, hospital discharge, transition from hospital to home, and the first 30 days after returning home. The eight included publications allowed for identification of interventions related to masks or interfaces, prevention of complications associated with noninvasive ventilation, leakage control, maintenance and cleaning of ventilators and accessories, respiratory training, ventilator monitoring, communication, and behavioral strategies as transitional care priority interventions to guarantee proper training in the transition from hospital to community.
Evolutionary ecology of water animals: concept, subject, experience for application in the analysis of breeding systems

The basic concepts in the field of evolutionary ecology are presented. A brief historiography of the question is given, the prerequisites for the emergence of this section of biology are given. The definitions of the subject of the study of the discipline in question, as well as brief characteristics of the objects of study, basic concepts and methodological approaches are given. It is pointed out that evolutionary ecology is a section of evolutionary teaching focused on the study of the adaptation and evolution of communities of species, faunas and biogeocenoses. It is emphasized that the subjects of evolutionary ecology studying are species and their populations as well as communities, cenoses and ecosystems. The main idea of the work is reduced to an attempt to implement the epistemological synthesis of two basic methodological approaches: the ecosystem and population approaches. Two preferential methodological approaches in the field of evolutionary ecology are considered: firstly, it is genetic one, namely, population genetic (based on the dynamics of frequencies of polymorphic genes), molecular genetic (dynamics of pairs of nucleotides) and evolutionary genetic (phylogeography and molecular phylogeny); secondly, it is epigenetic one, in particular, the analysis of the developmental trajectories of morphological structures. The principal characteristics of the evolutionary ecology peculiarities of aquatic animals are postulated. An attempt has been made to justify the fact that the evolutionary ecology of aquatic organisms as a whole is of greater interest for studying the processes of adaptation and evolution than terrestrial. In the aquatic environment, all the factors of abiotics, the type of reproduction and the nature of isolation acquire a somewhat greater significance for evolution. The main items of the subject are provided with research materials, which served as the basis for developing their own ideas about evolutionary ecology. The work is significantly concentrated on the problems of evolutionary and ecological importance of interspecific hybridization, in particular on the effective co-adaptation of the genomes of the crossed species. The combination of heterogeneous genomes among remote hybrids can make the evolution of genomes go along to additional and multipolar orientation, which allows to consider hybrids as a living model for studying the problem of coordinating the work of different genomes in ontogenesis, especially during a critical period of early development. It is assumed that the success of hybridization is provided by the forming of a genetic program of a system response to structural transformations of the genome. The main result of our research in this field has not only been the discovery of a fundamentally new system of vertebrates reproduction, but also the evolutionary-ecological consequences of natural remote hybridization.
Whole genome sequencing identifies novel mutations in malaria parasites resistant to artesunate (ATN) and to ATN + mefloquine combination

Introduction The global evolution of resistance to Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs) by malaria parasites, will severely undermine our ability to control this devastating disease. Methods Here, we have used whole genome sequencing to characterize the genetic variation in the experimentally evolved Plasmodium chabaudi parasite clone AS-ATNMF1, which is resistant to artesunate + mefloquine. Results and discussion Five novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, one of which was a previously undescribed E738K mutation in a 26S proteasome subunit that was selected for under artesunate pressure (in AS-ATN) and retained in AS-ATNMF1. The wild type and mutated three-dimensional (3D) structure models and molecular dynamics simulations of the P. falciparum 26S proteasome subunit Rpn2 suggested that the E738K mutation could change the toroidal proteasome/cyclosome domain organization and change the recognition of ubiquitinated proteins. The mutation in the 26S proteasome subunit may therefore contribute to altering oxidation-dependent ubiquitination of the MDR-1 and/or K13 proteins and/or other targets, resulting in changes in protein turnover. In light of the alarming increase in resistance to artemisin derivatives and ACT partner drugs in natural parasite populations, our results shed new light on the biology of resistance and provide information on novel molecular markers of resistance that may be tested (and potentially validated) in the field.
Clip: Climate-land interaction project - Investigating human-climate interactions in East Africa

East Africa is a region with an economy that is rapidly developing in a variety of sectors, an expanding population, and a distinct climatic challenge. Conflict sometimes occurs both between and within tribal groups over conversion of land from pastoral to agrarian use, but the trend is toward the cultivation of crops, both for subsistence and for cash (Campbell et al. 2000). Much marginal land that previously supported a pastoral economy has been irrigated for crops. Large-scale land use change has been shown to have significant effects on climate in other parts of Africa, leading to feedback between vegetation and climate (e.g. Xue 1997). However, land use change in East Africa may be more fragmented and less drastic (typical transformation from savanna to cropland rather than from grassland to desert), and crops will introduce a seasonal character with sharp anthropogenic discontinuities corresponding to tillage and harvest. • Global to region al links: Is global climate change discernibly affecting regional climate, and if so, how? What are the current and near-term climate variability trends, such as the frequency and intensity of droughts, floods and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, and how are they influenced by large-scale climate phenomena? Figure 1. Schematic of the overall design of the CLIP project.
Dear Editor,

Comments by the editor Comments by authors The revised version is indeed much improved, as confirmed also by both Referees. Thank you very much. You will find main modified sentences and sections highlighted in yellow in this last paper version. The main comments raised by Referee#1 all require that you better clarify the final objective, applicability and merit/novelty of the work, I would ask you do so in the final version. According to your suggestion, we added and moved some sentences, above all in the introduction, to better clarify the goal, applicability and merit of our work.
Identification and Prioritization of Decision-Making Aspects on High-Rise Fast-track Buildings – A Pilot Study

For decades, the construction industry has been facing time overrun challenges on almost all mega projects. Rarely there are no schedule slippages. Schedule compression is an approach, applied to meet the tight project deadlines and overcome time overrun issues. Fast-track and crashing are the two techniques used for schedule compression. Worldwide, fast-track has been used on projects for more than 50 years, but Pakistan is yet to adapt it as a construction norm in a scientific way. This reluctance on behalf of the client, the contractor and the consultant is primarily due to the inherently uncertain and risky nature of fast-track projects which requires dynamic decision-making. Moreover, these dynamic decision-making aspects have never been identified and parameterized to develop a decision-making model which can lead to project success in relation to time, cost, and quality. The aim of this research is to identify and parameterize the decision-making aspects into a research questionnaire which can further be used to develop a comprehensive decision-making model for high-rise construction in Pakistan. After an extensive literature review, initially 41 fast-track decision-making aspects were identified which were reduced to 37 after consultation with research community. The refined questionnaire containing 37 decision-making aspects was used for pilot survey in Pakistan’s construction industry to check its validity. Based on the input from the respondents, 19 most important decision-making aspects were discussed. The questionnaire consisted of a 5-point Likert scale, used to study the impact of each identified decision-making aspect on time variance, cost variance, scope variance and quality variance. This questionnaire will act as a stepping-stone for further development of a 3C’s (client, contractor, and consultant) decision-making model for fast-track high-rise projects in Pakistan using structural equation modelling (SEM).
Safety of Oral Carica papaya L. Leaf 10% Ethanolic Extract for Acute and Chronic Toxicity Tests in Sprague Dawley Rats

Carica papaya L. leaves, traditionally utilized in dietary supplements and pharmaceuticals, exhibit a broad spectrum of potentially therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, and wound healing properties. This study examined the acute and chronic toxicity of 10% ethanolic-extracted C. papaya leaf in Sprague Dawley rats. The acute toxicity assessment was a single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight, while the chronic toxicity assessment included daily oral doses of 100, 400, 1000, and 5000 mg/kg over 180 days. Systematic monitoring covered a range of physiological and behavioral parameters, including body and organ weights. End-point evaluations encompassed hematological and biochemical analyses, along with gross and histopathological examinations of internal organs. Findings revealed no acute toxicity in the C. papaya leaf extract group, although a significant decrease in uterine weight was observed without accompanying histopathology abnormalities. In the chronic toxicity assessment, no statistically significant differences between the control and the C. papaya leaf extract groups were detected across multiple measures, including behavioral, physiological, and hematological indices. Importantly, histopathological examination corroborated the absence of any tissue abnormalities. The study results indicate that C. papaya leaf extract exhibited no adverse effects on the rats during the 180-day oral administration period, affirming its potential safety for prolonged usage.
Remaining Useful Life Estimation of MoSi2 Heating Element in a Pusher Kiln Process

The critical challenge of estimating the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of MoSi2 heating elements utilized in pusher kiln processes is to enhance operational efficiency and minimize downtime in industrial applications. MoSi2 heating elements are integral components in high-temperature environments, playing a pivotal role in achieving optimal thermal performance. However, prolonged exposure to extreme conditions leads to degradation, necessitating precise RUL predictions for proactive maintenance strategies. Since insufficient failure experience deals with Predictive Maintenance (PdM) in real-life scenarios, a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) generates specific training data as failure experiences. The Remaining Useful Life (RUL) is the duration of the equipment’s operation before repair or replacement, often measured in days, miles, or cycles. Machine learning models are trained using historical data encompassing various operational scenarios and degradation patterns. The RUL prediction model is determined through training, hyperparameter tuning, and comparisons based on the machine-learning model, such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) or Support Vector Regression (SVR). As a result, SVR reflects the actual resistance variation, achieving the R-Square (R2) of 0.634, better than LSTM. From a safety perspective, SVR offers high prediction accuracy and sufficient time to schedule maintenance plans.
Analysis of Primary Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells’ Signaling Pathways

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by a specific expansion of mature B-cell clones. We hypothesized that the disease has a heterogeneous clinical outcome that depends on the genes and signaling pathways active in the malignant clone of the individual patient. It was found that several signaling pathways are active in CLL, namely, NOTCH1, the Ikaros family genes, BCL2, and NF-κB, all of which contribute to cell survival and the proliferation of the leukemic clone. Therefore, we analyzed primary CLL cells for the gene and protein expression of NOTCH1, DELTEX1, HES1, and AIOLOS in both peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and the bone marrow (BM) of patients, as well as the expression of BCL2 and miRNAs to see if they correlate with any of these genes. BCL2 and AIOLOS were highly expressed in all CLL samples as previously described, but we show here for the first time that AIOLOS expression was higher in the PBLs than in the BM. On the other hand, NOTCH1 activation was higher in the BM. In addition, miR-15a, miR-181, and miR-146 were decreased and miR-155 had increased expression in most samples. The activation of the NOTCH pathway in vitro increases the susceptibility of primary CLL cells to apoptosis despite high BCL2 expression.
Analytical approximation of transient joint queue-length distributions of a finite capacity queueing network

This work contributes to the modeling of analytical tractab le joint distributions of time-dependent finite capacity Markovian queueing network states. The model is moti vated by an interest to analyse network effects in congested urban road networks. The development of analyt ic l, probabilistic and time-dependent models for urban traffic is seldom. In urban transportation, as in mo st fields, time-dependent (i.e., transient) analysis is most often carried out by either the use of (i) determin istic analytical models (such as the fundamental kinematic wave model (Lighthill and Witham; 1955; Richards ; 1956)) or (ii) simulation-based models (for a review, see Barceló (2010)), which when stochastic can pro vide distributional estimates that go beyond first-order information (i.e., expectations). There is cur rently a lack of analytical transient techniques for finite capacity Markovian queueing networks that account for spatial-temporal dependencies, and even more a lack of tractable (i.e., computationally efficient) techn iques. This paper proposes a tractable analytical approximation of transient multi-dimensional queue-leng th distributions.