Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Response to Two Global Warming Periods in the 20th Century over the Arid Central Asia

Based on the data of temperature in the arid Central Asia,the North Hemispheric sea level pressure(SLP),the winter index of Siberian high and the westerly(zonal) index(ZI-M) from 1901 to 2002,the response to global warming in this area in the 20th century and the main meteorological factors resulting in temperature anomaly are analyzed.The analyses show that there are significant discrepancies of the response character between the two global warming periods in the 20th century over the arid Central Asia.For the first warming period from the 1920s to the 1940s,there was no single response in the whole arid area,except for the eastern marginal area,where monsoon is dominant.However,for the second warming period after 1970s,the whole arid area has an overall response.The abnormally deepened Icelandic depression,the substantially intensified high in the North Atlantic Azores,the anomalously reinforced Ural high's ridge,the obviously weakened index of the Siberian high and the singularly strengthened ZI-M are the factors causing the higher temperature in the arid Central Asia.The above-mentioned factors can be used to explain the difference in the impacts of global warming on the arid central Asia between the 1920s-1940s and the 1970s-1990s.As one of the influencing non-atmosphere factors,the sun activity has periodic impact on the temperature over the arid Central Asia.But,there is no pronounced correlation between the sun activity and the temperature over the arid Central Asia in a century time scale.
Human Dimensions of Wildlife

This chapter briefly discusses a descriptive typology of attitudes towards wildlife that was quite influential in the pioneering years of research on human dimensions of wildlife. It describes a more recent theory‐driven approach to understanding human relationships with wildlife, guided by the cognitive hierarchy. The theory of cognitive hierarchy stresses that individual behaviour is guided by a hierarchy of interrelated cognitions including values, value orientations, attitudes and norms, and behavioural intentions. Studies using the wildlife value orientation scales suggest that domination orientations are deeply engrained in the cultural transmission process and endure over generations. The usefulness of studying wildlife value orientations depends on the concept's predictive validity. The cognitive hierarchy does not explicitly consider emotions. The concepts and measurements may reflect emotional content, but they are not intended to directly capture emotional dispositions or responses. Future research on human dimensions of wildlife may benefit from the study of both cognitive and emotional responses to wildlife. Environmental Psychology Environmental Psychology: An Introduction, Second Edition
Sustainable Transport Practices in Latin America

The rapid growth of Latin American cities beginning in the 70s has led to, among other things, growing mobility and demand for transportation. The lack of efficient, reliable and safe public transport systems has promoted the switch away from buses and trains towards private cars. Some of the impacts of a steadily increasing car fleet have been increased congestion, number of accidents and environmental deterioration. Recognising the potential implications of such a development, policy makers and officials found it necessary and went ahead to reformulate transport policies with the aim of providing safe, cost-effective and environmental-friendly public transport systems. Bus rapid transit (BRT) became the answer in a number of Latin American cities. The successful experiences of Curitiba in Brazil and Bogota in Colombia have served as the source of inspiration for other cities in Latin America, Asia, Europe and the USA. Thus, the BRT represents a unique example of South-South, South-North technology transfer. This paper presents some of the Latin American experiences and discusses their achievement and drawbacks.
Structural Analysis of Breast-Milk αS1-Casein: An α-Helical Conformation Is Required for TLR4-Stimulation

Breast-milk αS1-casein is a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist, whereas phosphorylated αS1-casein does not bind TLR4. The objective of this study was to analyse the structural requirements for these effects. In silico analysis of αS1-casein indicated high α-helical content with coiled-coil characteristics. This was confirmed by CD-spectroscopy, showing the α-helical conformation to be stable between pH 2 and 7.4. After in vitro phosphorylation, the α-helical content was significantly reduced, similar to what it was after incubation at 80 °C. This conformation showed no in vitro induction of IL-8 secretion via TLR4. A synthetic peptide corresponding to V77-E92 of αS1-casein induced an IL-8 secretion of 0.95 ng/mL via TLR4. Our results indicate that αS1-casein appears in two distinct conformations, an α-helical TLR4-agonistic and a less α-helical TLR4 non-agonistic conformation induced by phosphorylation. This is to indicate that the immunomodulatory role of αS1-casein, as described before, could be regulated by conformational changes induced by phosphorylation.
Spatiotemporal variations of characteristic repeating earthquake sequences along the Middle America Trench in Mexico

Searching for repeating earthquakes allows the examination of spatiotemporal variation of slip budget in the subduction of the Cocos plate in the Guerrero‐Oaxaca region of Mexico. As different transient phenomena continuously load and unload stresses around asperities in an area where megathrust earthquakes nucleate, repeating earthquakes act as track markers for slip on the plate interface. We systematically examined 14 years of waveform records from 2001 through 2014 to identify repeating earthquakes along the subducting segment of the Cocos plate. An analysis of waveform similarity resulted in a significant number (224) of earthquake sequences with highly correlated waveforms (correlation coefficient cc ≥ 0.95 and spectral coherency coh ≥ 0.95). The reported set of correlated waveforms shows a well‐defined clustering in space and substantial temporal variability. We find a significant increase of repeating earthquake activity after the 20 March 2012 Ometepec (Mw 7.4) and 18 April 2014 Tecpan (Mw 7.2) earthquakes as a result of the postseismic relaxation. In contrast, the rupture zone of the 1985 (Mw 8.1) Michoacán earthquake is completely devoid of repeating sequences, suggesting a strongly coupled segment. Examining the temporal behavior of repeating earthquake activity provides a new tool to better understand how creeping of the subduction thrust controls stress release and postseismic relaxation.
Occurrences de cookéïte et de pyrophyllite dans les schistes du Dauphinois (Isère, France): conséquences sur la répartition du métamorphisme dans les zones externes alpines

La decouverte de nombreux gisements de cookeite et de pyrophyllite dans les schistes noirs aaleniens de la zone dauphinoise interne des Alpes occidentales francaises apporte de nouvelles donnees sur le metamorphisme alpin des regions externes. L'etude des parageneses permet la determination des conditions du metamorphisme entre 1 et 5 kbar et de 270 a 340 °C. Ces conditions correspondent a la culmination d'une histoire metamorphique prograde n'ayant donc jamais quitte le facies schiste vert. La distribution de la cookeite limitee au seul Aalenien suggere la presence originelle du lithium dans le sediment
Joint Detection and Localization of Vessels at Sea With a GNSS-Based Multistatic Radar

This paper addresses the exploitation of global navigation satellite systems as opportunistic sources for the joint detection and localization of vessels at sea in a passive multistatic radar system. A single receiver mounted on a proper platform (e.g., a moored buoy) can collect the signals emitted by multiple navigation satellites and reflected from ship targets of interest. This paper puts forward a single-stage approach to jointly detect and localize the ship targets by making use of long integration times (tens of seconds) and properly exploiting the spatial diversity offered by such a configuration. A proper strategy is defined to form a long-time and multistatic range and Doppler (RD) map, where the total target power can be reinforced with respect to, in turn, the case in which the RD map is obtained over a short dwell and the case in which a single transmitter is employed. The exploitation of both the long integration time and the multiple transmitters can greatly enhance the performance of the system, allowing counteracting the low-power budget provided by the considered sources representing the main bottleneck of this technology. Moreover, the proposed single-stage approach can reach superior detection performance than a conventional two-stage process where peripheral decisions are taken at each bistatic link and subsequently the localization is achieved by multilateration methods. Theoretical and simulated performance analysis is proposed and also validated by means of experimental results considering Galileo transmitters and different types of targets of opportunity in different scenarios. Obtained results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method to provide detection and localization of ship targets of interest.
Mixed-Potential Ammonia Sensor Based on a Dense Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Film Manufactured at Room Temperature by Powder Aerosol Deposition

Powder aerosol deposition (often abbreviated as PAD, PADM, or ADM) is a coating method used to obtain dense ceramic films at room temperature. The suitability of this method to obtain ammonia mixed-potential sensors based on an yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte that is manufactured using PAD and a V2O5–WO3–TiO2 (VWT)-covered electrode is investigated in this study. The sensor characteristics are compared with data from sensors with screen-printed YSZ solid electrolytes. The PAD sensors outperform those in terms of sensitivity with 117 mV/decade NH3 compared to 88 mV/decade. A variation in the sensor temperature shows that the NH3 sensitivity strongly depends on the sensor temperature and decreases with higher sensor temperature. Above 560 °C, the characteristic curve shifts from exponential to linear dependency. Variations in the water and the oxygen content in the base gas (usually 10% oxygen, 2% water vapor in nitrogen) reveal a strong dependence of the characteristic curve on the oxygen content. Water vapor concentration variations barely affect the sensor signal.
Betulinic Acid Increases the Lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster via Sir2 and FoxO Activation

Betulinic acid (BetA), a triterpenoid derivative found abundantly in the plant kingdom, has emerged as a promising candidate for promoting longevity. Many research studies have shown its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer activities, making it an interesting subject for investigating its potential influence on lifespan. This study aimed to investigate the effects of BetA on longevity and the mechanisms associated with it using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as the organism model. The results showed that 50 μM BetA supplementation extended the mean lifespan of fruit flies by 13% in males and 6% in females without any adverse effects on their physiology, such as fecundity, feeding rate, or locomotion ability reduction. However, 50 μM BetA supplementation failed to increase the lifespan in mutants lacking functional silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) and Forkhead box O (FoxO)-null, implying that the longevity effect of BetA is related to Sir2 and FoxO activation. Our study contributes to the knowledge in the field of anti-aging research and inspires further investigations into natural compounds such as BetA to enhance organismal healthspan.
The application of unmanned aerial vehicle to precision agriculture: Chlorophyll, nitrogen, and evapotranspiration estimation

7 Introduction . 8 Materials and Methods . 14 RVMs . 14 Study Area . 18 Instrumentation: Remote Sensing Platform AggieAir . 19 Data Collection . 23 Model Potential Inputs and Performance . 24 Result and Discussion . 28 Conclusion . 34 Acknowledgment . 36 References . 36 CHAPTER 3: USE OF HIGH RESOLUTION MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY TO ESTIMATE PLANT NITROGEN IN OATS (AVENA SATIVA). 46 Abstract . 46 Introduction . 47. 46 Introduction . 47 x Material and Methods . 51 Study Area . 51 Instrumentation: Remote Sensing Platform AggieAir . 52 AggieAir Data Processing . 53 Ground Data Acquisition . 54 Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) . 54 Generating the Model Inputs and Targets . 55 Model Configuration and Performance . 57 Results and Discussion . 59 Conclusion . 66 References . 67 CHAPTER 4: ASSESSMENT ON THE USE OF AGGIEAIR UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEM REMOTE SENSING CAPABILITIES TO ESTIMATE CROP EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AT HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION. 73 Abstract . 73 Introduction . 74 Data Collection . Site Description. 79 UAV Description . 80 Sensors Description . 82 Flight Details . 82 Processing Chain of AggieAir . 83 Mission Planning . 83 Image Processing and Orthorectification . 84 Radiometric Calibration . 85 Thermal Calibration . 86 Models: METRIC and METRIC High Resolution (METRIC-HR) . 87 METRIC . 88 METRIC-HR . 90 Albedo . 94 Results and Discussion . 96 Hot and Cold Pixel Selection . 96 METRIC Results. 99 METRIC-HR Results . 101 Comparison in Site S . 104 Comparison in Site G . 107 Conclusion . 111 References . 112. 73 Introduction . 74 Data Collection . Site Description. 79 UAV Description . 80 Sensors Description . 82 Flight Details . 82 Processing Chain of AggieAir . 83 Mission Planning . 83 Image Processing and Orthorectification . 84 Radiometric Calibration . 85 Thermal Calibration . 86 Models: METRIC and METRIC High Resolution (METRIC-HR) . 87 METRIC . 88 METRIC-HR . 90 Albedo . 94 Results and Discussion . 96 Hot and Cold Pixel Selection . 96 METRIC Results. 99 METRIC-HR Results . 101 Comparison in Site S . 104 Comparison in Site G . 107 Conclusion . 111 References . 112 CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY. 120 APPENDIX .
Hypoxia-induced stabilization of HIF2A promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation by attenuating DNA damage

Introduction: Gradual exposure to a chronic hypoxic environment leads to cardiomyocyte proliferation and improved cardiac function in mouse models through a reduction in oxidative DNA damage. However, the upstream transcriptional events that link chronic hypoxia to DNA damage have remained obscure. Aim: We sought to determine whether hypoxia signaling mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or 2 (HIF1A or HIF2A) underlies the proliferation phenotype that is induced by chronic hypoxia. Methods and Results: We used genetic loss-of-function models using cardiomyocyte-specific HIF1A and HIF2A gene deletions in chronic hypoxia. We additionally characterized a cardiomyocyte-specific HIF2A overexpression mouse model in normoxia during aging and upon injury. We performed transcriptional profiling with RNA-sequencing on cardiac tissue, from which we verified candidates at the protein level. We find that HIF2A - rather than HIF1A - mediates hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte proliferation. Ectopic, oxygen-insensitive HIF2A expression in cardiomyocytes reveals the cell-autonomous role of HIF2A in cardiomyocyte proliferation. HIF2A overexpression in cardiomyocytes elicits cardiac regeneration and improvement in systolic function after myocardial infarction in adult mice. RNA-sequencing reveals that ectopic HIF2A expression attenuates DNA damage pathways, which was confirmed with immunoblot and immunofluorescence. Conclusion: Our study provides mechanistic insights about a new approach to induce cardiomyocyte renewal and mitigate cardiac injury in the adult mammalian heart. In light of evidence that DNA damage accrues in cardiomyocytes with aging, these findings may help to usher in a new therapeutic approach to overcome such age-related changes and achieve regeneration.
VARIATIONS SPATIALES DE LA RESPIRATION DU SOL DANS LES PLANTATIONS D’EUCALYPTUS DU LITTORAL CONGOLAIS (KOUILOU, CONGO)

Des mesures de flux de CO2 emis par le sol ont ete realisees dans de jeunes plantations d’Eucalyptus du littoral congolais sur quatre parcelles âgees de 2, 5, 8 et 11 ans afin etudier leurs variations spatiales. Ces mesures de respiration du sol montrent l’existence d’une tres grande variation a differentes echelles.
Radiogenic Heat Production from Well Logs in Part of Niger Delta Sedimentary Basin, Nigeria.

The radiogenic heat produced from radioactive elements has been investigated in some parts of Niger Delta sedimentary basin. The heat production was computed from gamma ray logs for three oil producing wells. The major lithology observed in the gamma ray log is alternation of sand and shale. The computed value ranges between0.35 to 2.0μWm-3 for well 1, 0.34 to 1. 78μWm-3 for well 2 and 0.24 to 2.0μWm-3 for well 3. The average radiogenic heat production ranges between 0.3 to 1. 93μWm-3. It was observed that the heat production within the sand lithology ranges from 0.24 to 0. 7μWm-3.Whilethe computed value for the shale lithology ranges from 0.8 to 2.0 μWm-3. The high radiogenic heat production in shale was as a result of high concentration of radioactive elements. The sandstone zone was deficient of radioactive elements and this resulted in the low value. The plot of depth against radiogenic heat production was scattered and it also showed an increase with depth. The increase was due to high shale lithology at greater depth of the Agbada Formation and the shale in the Akata Formation. A linear relationship was established for the radiogenic heat production and the product of gamma ray and density logs for the study Area. The relationship can be used if gamma ray spectral logs are not available.
Intrastent Restenosis: A Comprehensive Review

The primary objective of this paper is to delineate and elucidate the contemporary advancements, developments, and prevailing trajectories concerning intrastent restenosis (ISR). We aim to provide a thorough overview of the most recent developments in this area, covering various aspects such as pathophysiological insights, therapeutic approaches, and new strategies for tackling the complex challenges of ISR in modern clinical settings. The authors have undertaken a study to address a relatively new medical challenge, recognizing its significant impact on the morbidity and mortality of individuals with cardiovascular diseases. This effort is driven by the need to fully understand, analyze, and possibly improve the outcomes of this emerging medical issue within the cardiovascular disease field. We acknowledge its considerable clinical implications and the necessity for innovative methods to mitigate its effects on patient outcomes. Therefore, our emphasis was directed towards elucidating the principal facets of the condition’s prevalence, expounding upon the foundational mechanisms underscoring conspicuous restenosis, and delineating the risk factors relevant in shaping the contemporary landscape of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. This thorough examination aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the various dimensions of the condition, including epidemiological data, pathophysiological complexities, and clinical considerations critical for evaluating and enhancing current diagnostic and treatment approaches.
CandyCycleGAN: Candy Color Coloring Algorithm Based on Chromaticity Verification

: Candy color is a new way of existence in the field of photography, and its characteristics of high brightness, low saturation, and low contrast bring a different color experience to the world. However, no relevant algorithm dedicated to candy color processing has been found yet, for this reason, the CandyCycleGAN network based on color verification is proposed to realize candy color recoloring. Based on the CycleGAN network, we implement multi-scale fusion to enhance the detailed features of the output image and improve the quality of the output image; we design the Chromaticity verification process to constrain the range of the generated chromaticity values to ensure that the final effect meets the expectation; we use the Smooth L 1 Loss as the loss function of the Chromaticity verification to measure the gap between the generated image and the expected image, and at the same time, compare the coloring quality of the image with that of the image using different loss functions; we add a gradient penalty to the coloring quality; we add a gradient penalty to the coloring quality. The gradient penalty is added to construct a new data distribution between the generated image and the expected image, and the gradient penalty is applied to each input data, which changes the gradient limitation method of the discriminator network and improves the stability of the network during the training process; the output of two different sizes of discriminant matrices allows the generator to generate images with higher resolution and better details. In comparison experiments with five algorithms such as CycleGAN, AdaAttN, etc., the CandyCycleGAN network reduces the computation by 37.95%, improves the PSNR by 49.83%, improves the SSIM by 54.77%, and improves the COLORFUL by 29.09% compared to the basic CycleGAN network model, and compared to the suboptimal AdaAttN model, the computation rises by 0.93%, but PSNR improves by 7.36%, SSIM improves by 7.14%, and COLORFUL improves by 17.30%. Comparative experimental results show that the proposed CandyCycleGAN network can achieve the optimal effect of high brightness, low saturation, and low contrast of candy color compared to the existing algorithms, which further validates the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Estigma hacia la tuberculosis: validación psicométrica de un instrumento para su medición

Introducción. El estigma hacia la tuberculosis afecta la búsqueda de atención médica oportuna y la adherencia al tratamiento por temor al rechazo familiar, social o institucional. Objetivo. Validar un instrumento para medir el estigma hacia la tuberculosis aplicando la metodología Rasch. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal. El análisis se basó en los aspectos sugeridos por Messick y operacionalizados por Wolfe y Smith con la metodología Rasch; se empleó el modelo dicotómico, donde se evaluaron los estimados de ajuste de los ítems, coherencia en la medida, índices de separación y confiabilidad, invarianza, unidimensionalidad y la relación persona-ítem. Resultados. Se entrevistaron 250 personas, 195 sin tuberculosis y 55 con tuberculosis. Se evaluaron 35 ítems, de los que 10 fueron excluidos por presentar desajustes y funcionamiento diferencial del ítem. Se obtuvieron 25 ítems validos con ajustes apropiados entre 0,5 y 1,5, correlación >0,3, porcentaje de coherencia >40% e invarianza en la medición de importantes variables exógenas. El índice de separación en ítems fue de 6,5 y confiabilidad de 0,98. En las personas fue de 1,51 y 0,69 respectivamente. Conclusiones. Se obtuvo un instrumento válido con medida unidimensional del estigma hacia la tuberculosis para uso en población general y en pacientes con tuberculosis, soportado en la rigurosidad estadística del modelo Rasch.
Industrialization: D-Orbit’s experience with the AOCP

The growing number of programs and projects managed in parallel by D-Orbit made it necessary to aim towards an industrialized approach of the development and testing of the AOCS software. For this purpose, a software management system has been implemented that enabled flexibility and configurability adapting to existing and upcoming mission needs. Fitting with the growth of the missions an industrialization process had to be created allowing to automatize processes and reduce possible errors. The AOCS SW architecture aims towards a high configurability in line with the adaptation to multiple missions.