Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electroantennographic and Behavioural Responses of European Cherry Fruit Fly, Rhagoletis cerasi, to the Volatile Organic Compounds from Sour Cherry, Prunus cerasus, Fruit

Simple Summary The larvae of European cherry fruit flies are developing in sweet and sour cherry fruit. Non-insecticidal methods to control this pest are needed since most of the conventional insecticides used have been banned in Europe. Mass trapping is one of the environmentally friendly methods, however, it requires highly effective pest attractants. Three volatile compounds were identified as attractive to females of this species. Abstract European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi (Diptera: Tephritidae), is the most important pest of sweet and sour cherry fruit. This fly is difficult to control by insecticide application since most of the conventional insecticides used have been banned in Europe. Traps are used for both the pest’s mass trapping and the detection of the beginning of the flight period. Data on flies’ reactions to host-plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be used to search for new attractants. VOCs were collected from the headspace of sour cherry, P. cerasus, fruit. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) resulted in the identification of 51 compounds. Terpenes and esters predominated in two aspects: in the highest diversity of the compounds, and the amount of the total VOC emissions (62.3%). Among the single VOCs, ethyl octanoate prevails, followed by (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene. GC–electroantennographic detection (GC–EAD) revealed 14 EAG-active compounds and those were identified. In Y-tube olfactometer tests, EAG-active compounds ((E)-β-ocimene, linalool, and (Z)-3-hexenyl 3-methylbutanoate) attracted R. cerasi females in a similar way to the odour of sour cherry fruit.
Physiological Function during Exercise and Environmental Stress in Humans—An Integrative View of Body Systems and Homeostasis

Claude Bernard’s milieu intérieur (internal environment) and the associated concept of homeostasis are fundamental to the understanding of the physiological responses to exercise and environmental stress. Maintenance of cellular homeostasis is thought to happen during exercise through the precise matching of cellular energetic demand and supply, and the production and clearance of metabolic by-products. The mind-boggling number of molecular and cellular pathways and the host of tissues and organ systems involved in the processes sustaining locomotion, however, necessitate an integrative examination of the body’s physiological systems. This integrative approach can be used to identify whether function and cellular homeostasis are maintained or compromised during exercise. In this review, we discuss the responses of the human brain, the lungs, the heart, and the skeletal muscles to the varying physiological demands of exercise and environmental stress. Multiple alterations in physiological function and differential homeostatic adjustments occur when people undertake strenuous exercise with and without thermal stress. These adjustments can include: hyperthermia; hyperventilation; cardiovascular strain with restrictions in brain, muscle, skin and visceral organs blood flow; greater reliance on muscle glycogen and cellular metabolism; alterations in neural activity; and, in some conditions, compromised muscle metabolism and aerobic capacity. Oxygen supply to the human brain is also blunted during intense exercise, but global cerebral metabolism and central neural drive are preserved or enhanced. In contrast to the strain seen during severe exercise and environmental stress, a steady state is maintained when humans exercise at intensities and in environmental conditions that require a small fraction of the functional capacity. The impact of exercise and environmental stress upon whole-body functions and homeostasis therefore depends on the functional needs and differs across organ systems.
Design and Development of a Novel Soft Gripper Manipulated by a Robotic Arm

This study presents the design and development of a tendon-driven soft gripper manipulated by a 4 DOF robotic arm. The proposed robotic arm and gripper explore new areas focusing on increasing the grasping performance of the gripper as well as the workspace. The gripper is designed with 3 fingers and driven by tendons using two servo motors. The tension of the strings is adjusted using a pulley mechanism and a string. The opening and grasping of the soft gripper are accomplished by each motor. The wide opening allows the gripper to grasp larger objects. The parallel robotic arm motion is actuated using 4 motors. These motors are mounted on a spherical shoulder plate with attached circular plates with angled axles are. The axles are angled so that their axes of rotation converge to the center point of the shoulder plate. The vertical and lateral motion of the robotic arm is controlled by the series of radial linkages connected to the motors, with a parallel linkage attached to the radial linkages to actuate the forearm of the mechanism. The robotic arm is 3D printed in polylactic acid (PLA) and the monolithic soft gripper is 3D printed in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The gripping force applied by the gripper is obtained using flexible sensors attached to the tip of the 3 fingers. The finite element analysis is performed in SoldWorks and the link lengths are optimized to trace the desired workspace. The mechanism is tested for its grasping and lifting of various objects showing promising superiorities in terms of its grasping capabilities mimicking the human hand. If the robotic arm is mounted on a moving platform, then it can serve as an assistive robot for the elderly.
Om fornying av demonstrativer i norsk

Formålet med studien som presenteres i denne artikkelen, er å kartlegge bruksområdene og funksjonene til norske demonstrativkonstruksjoner som er bygd opp av et “grunndemonstrativ”, f.eks. den, denne, hun og han, og en forsterker, f.eks. her eller derre. Videre er målet å drøfte utviklinga av disse demonstrativene i lys av modeller om forsterkingssykluser og paradigmatisk konkurranse. Datagrunnlaget for analysen er hovedsakelig autentiske talte ytringer fra Nordisk dialektkorpus, samt skriftlige historiske dokumenter fra bl.a. Diplomatarium Norvegicum. Det argumenteres for at de nydanna komplekse demonstrativene i norsk har spesialiserte pragmatiske funksjoner, henholdsvis eksoforisk deiksis og bakgrunns-deiktisk funksjon. Syklisk forsterking av demonstrativer har fellestrekk med forsterking av nektingsuttrykk, og den paradigmatiske konkurransen som oppstår ved forsterking, kan føre til katalysering av grammatikaliseringa av gamle demonstrativer/ nektingsuttrykk. I motsetning til hva som noen ganger har vært hevda i litteraturen om demonstrativer, er grammatikalisering dermed et resultat av snarere enn årsak til forsterking.
Ecological specificity explains infection parameters of anuran parasites at different scales

Abstract Abstract Understanding the determinants of parasite infection in different hosts is one of the main goals of disease ecology. Evaluating the relationship between parasite–host specificity and infection parameters within host communities and populations may contribute to this understanding. Here we propose two measures of specificity that encompasses phylogenetic and ecological relatedness among hosts and investigated how such metrics explain parasite infection prevalence and mean infection intensity (MII). We analysed the parasites associated with an anuran community in an area of Atlantic Forest and used the number of infected hosts and the net relatedness index to calculate the phylogenetic and ecological specificities of the parasites. These specificity measures were related to infection metrics (prevalence and MII) with generalized linear mixed models at community (all hosts) and population (infected host species) scales. Parasite prevalence was correlated with the number of infected hosts and, when considering only multi-host parasites, was positively related to parasite ecological specificity at community and population scales. Thus, parasite species have similar prevalences in ecologically closer hosts. No relationship was found for parasite MII. Incorporating ecological characteristics of hosts in parasite specificity analyses improves the detection of patterns of specificity across scales.
Controlling electromagnetic fields at boundaries of arbitrary geometries

Rapid developments in the emerging field of stretchable and conformable photonics necessitate analytical expressions for boundary conditions at metasurfaces of arbitrary geometries. Here, we introduce the concept of conformal boundary optics: a design theory that determines the optical response for designer input and output fields at such interfaces. Given any object, we can realise coatings to achieve exotic effects like optical illusions and anomalous diffraction behaviour. This approach is relevant to a broad range of applications from conventional refractive optics to the design of the next-generation of wearable optical components. This concept can be generalized to other fields of research where designer interfaces with nontrivial geometries are encountered.
EFFECTS OF CANOPY OPENNESS ON SEEDLING SURVIVAL AND GROWTH AFTER SELECTIVE LOGGING IN A MONODOMINANT LOWLAND SWAMP FOREST IN COSTA RICA

The mechanism proposed to explain tree monodominance in tropical forests is that the dominant species forms a dense canopy and produces shade-tolerant seedlings, which together favor selfreplacement. Under this hypothesis, seedlings of monodominant species should have limited ability to respond to drastic increases in understory light, like those resulting from logging. Therefore, monodominant species should lose their seedling dominance after logging-induced canopy opening. To test this hypothesis, the current study measured seedling survival and growth of the monodominant species, Prioria copaifera, and its main competitor, Pentaclethra macroloba, in two forest stands that differ in logging history and in an unlogged stand in southeastern Costa Rica. Although, growth rates and survival of previously established seedlings were similar for both species across the three stands, seedling survival and growth decreased as light increased, with the effect being more pronounced for Prioria than for Pentaclethra. The study also investigated the ability of Prioria to respond to changing light environments by transplanting seedlings into logging-induced canopy gaps. Contrary to prediction, Prioria seedlings survived and grew better in gap centers than in gap edges or under a closed canopy. This result contrasts with established seedlings that cannot acclimate to changes in light conditions. Therefore, we conclude that continued Prioria dominance in selectively logged forests depends more on seedling production after canopy disturbance than on the established seedling present before disturbances.
DNA Polymerase-Parental DNA Interaction Is Essential for Helicase-Polymerase Coupling during Bacteriophage T7 DNA Replication

DNA helicase and polymerase work cooperatively at the replication fork to perform leading-strand DNA synthesis. It was believed that the helicase migrates to the forefront of the replication fork where it unwinds the duplex to provide templates for DNA polymerases. However, the molecular basis of the helicase-polymerase coupling is not fully understood. The recently elucidated T7 replisome structure suggests that the helicase and polymerase sandwich parental DNA and each enzyme pulls a daughter strand in opposite directions. Interestingly, the T7 polymerase, but not the helicase, carries the parental DNA with a positively charged cleft and stacks at the fork opening using a β-hairpin loop. Here, we created and characterized T7 polymerases each with a perturbed β-hairpin loop and positively charged cleft. Mutations on both structural elements significantly reduced the strand-displacement synthesis by T7 polymerase but had only a minor effect on DNA synthesis performed against a linear DNA substrate. Moreover, the aforementioned mutations eliminated synergistic helicase-polymerase binding and unwinding at the DNA fork and processive fork progressions. Thus, our data suggested that T7 polymerase plays a dominant role in helicase-polymerase coupling and replisome progression.
Analysis of Transient Buoyancy/Electroosmotic Driven Flow in a Vertical Microannulus with Velocity-Slip and Temperature-Jump

This article investigates the impact of electric body force on transient natural convection flow in a vertical microannulus with velocity slip and temperature jump. The governing momentum, energy, and Poisson-Boltzmann equations are presented for the current physical situation. The Laplace transform technique is employed to transform the governing partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations and then solved exactly in the Laplace domain using the method of undetermined coefficients. Line graphs and tables are simulated to properly explain the effect of various pertinent parameters entering flow formation and temperature distribution. It is found that the time taken to attain a steady-state solution significantly depends on slip-length and Electric Double Layer (EDL) length. In addition, the role of increasing the annular gap is to minimize the skin friction, electric field strength, and volumetric flow rate.
CALCULATION OF ROTOR TEMPERATURE FIELD FOR HYDRO-GENERATOR AS WELL AS THE ANALYSIS ON RELEVANT FACTORS

With the development of modern electrical machine manufacturing, calculation veracity of electrical machine temperature field is more and more cared for. In this paper the mathematic model of the rotor temperature field for a hydro-generator is established, and hypothetical conditions of the solution region in the hydro-generator are presented. Losses density are calculated according to the electromagnetic field theory. SF320-48/12800 Hydro-generator is taken for example and temperature fields of a pole shoe and half an axial section in rotor is calculated in use of 3D Isoparemetric Element Method. The results meet the measured values very well. Numerical simulated method is applied to study the influence of the uneven surface coefficients of heat transfer in rotor抯 wind side and lee side on the temperature field in middle and end part of rotor. Also, the influence of the stray loss on the surface of pole on rotor temperature field is analyzed. Distribution rule of rotor temperature fields is obtained and this will provide dependable theory evidences for the design of cooling system and temperature inspection in department of generator running.
Optimum design for linearity and efficiency of a microwave doherty amplifier using a new load matching technique

A Doherty amplifier with full load matching circuits of the carrier and peaking amplifiers at both low and high power levels is demonstrated for the first time. In the circuit design, sections of transmission lines are inserted in the load matching network for power-level-dependent load impedances. The circuit elements and bias points are designed and optimized using a large-signal harmonic balance simulation to offer simultaneous improvements in linearity and efficiency. Two 1.4 GHz Doherty amplifiers have been implemented using silicon LDMOS FETs. The RF performances of the Doherty amplifier-I (a combination of a class B carrier amplifier and a bias-tuned class C peaking amplifier) have been compared with those of a class B amplifier alone. The Doherty amplifier-II (a combination of a class AB carrier amplifier and a bias-tuned class C peaking amplifier) has been compared with a class AB amplifier alone. The new Doherty amplifiers show an improved linearity as well as higher efficiency.
A novel orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation waveform with carrier frequency offset resistance and low peak‐to‐average power ratio

In this paper, we propose a novel orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme with high carrier frequency offset (CFO) resistance and low peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR). In this scheme, we consider a hybrid model with two subblock types, namely, pilot subblocks and standard subblocks. In pilot subblocks, active subcarriers are utilized for PAPR reduction while inactive carriers generated by the index modulation (IM) are utilized for the coarse CFO estimation. For standard subblocks, we consider unique subcarrier activation patterns (SAPs) with high‐diversity IM to enhance the bit error performance of the overall system. Additionally, the inactive data tones in standard subblocks are utilized for fine CFO estimation, which enhances the CFO estimation quite significantly. Furthermore, in this paper, we show that proposed hybrid OFDM‐IM (H‐OFDM‐IM) scheme can outperform conventional OFDM‐IM and classical OFDM both in CFO estimation and PAPR reduction without requiring transmission of any side information. Finally, we show both mathematically and through computer simulations that proposed H‐OFDM‐IM can achieve a satisfactory bit error rate (BER) performance under high CFO scenarios.
Caveolae-Associated Molecules, Tumor Stroma, and Cancer Drug Resistance: Current Findings and Future Perspectives

Simple Summary Cell membranes contain small invaginations called caveolae. They are a specialized lipid domain and orchestrate cellular signaling events, mechanoprotection, and lipid homeostasis. Formation of the caveolae depends on two classes of proteins, the caveolins and cavins, which form large complexes that allow their self-assembly into caveolae. Loss of either of these two proteins leads to distortion of the caveolae structure and disruption of many physiological processes that affect diseases of the muscle, metabolic states governing lipids, and the glucose balance as well as cancers. In cancers, the expression of caveolins and cavins is heterogenous, and they undergo alterations both in the tumors and the surrounding tumor microenvironment stromal cells. Remarkably, their expression and function has been associated with resistance to many cancer drugs. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the resistance mechanisms and how this knowledge could be applied into the clinic in future. Abstract The discovery of small, “cave-like” invaginations at the plasma membrane, called caveola, has opened up a new and exciting research area in health and diseases revolving around this cellular ultrastructure. Caveolae are rich in cholesterol and orchestrate cellular signaling events. Within caveola, the caveola-associated proteins, caveolins and cavins, are critical components for the formation of these lipid rafts, their dynamics, and cellular pathophysiology. Their alterations underlie human diseases such as lipodystrophy, muscular dystrophy, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The expression of caveolins and cavins is modulated in tumors and in tumor stroma, and their alterations are connected with cancer progression and treatment resistance. To date, although substantial breakthroughs in cancer drug development have been made, drug resistance remains a problem leading to treatment failures and challenging translation and bench-to-bedside research. Here, we summarize the current progress in understanding cancer drug resistance in the context of caveola-associated molecules and tumor stroma and discuss how we can potentially design therapeutic avenues to target these molecules in order to overcome treatment resistance.
Pensamiento Computacional a través de la Programación: Paradigma de Aprendizaje Computational Thinking Trough Programming: A Learning Paradigm

This article presents the framework of Computational Thinking and how it can be integrated into the classroom through the design and implementation of programming projects. It describes the need, purpose and main features of Computational Thinking. It describes with several examples how to develop the key elements of Computational Thinking using a programming language. The last section of the paper shows the content and outcomes of the course "Computational Thinking in School" taught as a MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses) in the platform Miriada X.
Fault‐tolerant attitude tracking control with practical finite time convergence for unmanned aerial vehicles under actuation faults

This paper presents an adaptive attitude finite time tracking control algorithm for quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in presence of actuator faults, input saturation and external disturbance. The dynamic model of the quadrotor UAV is characterized with quaternion representation. Subsequently, using nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface, an adaptive fault‐tolerant finite‐time attitude control scheme is proposed. Using Lyapunov stability analysis, it is shown that the proposed method is able to achieve practical finite time attitude tracking convergence in that the attitude tracking error converges to a small residual set within finite time and all signals of the closed‐loop system remain bounded. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed via numerical simulation.
Efficient Occupancy Detection System Based on Neutrosophic Weighted Sensors Data Fusion

Recently, a great interest has been dedicated to improving data fusion techniques for indoor occupancy detection. Indoor occupancy detection is extensively used in various applications, such as energy consumption control, surveillance systems, and disaster management. Using environmental sensors to collect data for detecting the occupancy state has the benefit of maintaining privacy. Also, it helps in improving monitoring systems and saving money due to energy consumption control. Nevertheless, sensor data is usually incomplete and noisy, which makes it uncertain and unreliable. These problems affect the detection accuracy. This paper proposes a comprehensive occupancy detection system that depends on a new fusion technique for fusing heterogeneous sensor data, which highly improves occupancy detection efficiency. Using Neutrosophy, the proposed technique handles sensor data uncertainty. Additionally, it improves reliability by fusing multiple sensors data. As it uses only one feature generated from fusing multiple sensors data, training and testing time is reduced. Consequently, the experimental results of applying the proposed fusion technique on a public benchmark dataset exhibit a significant enhancement in binary occupancy detection accuracy. The proposed technique enhanced the worst-case accuracy from 75.1 to 81.3%, 84.7 to 90.7%, 72 to 84.2%, 73.58 to 85.1%, and 65.9 to 78% using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN), Naive Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) classifiers, respectively. Using the other six performance metrics, the proposed technique results also outperform some state-of-the-art techniques.