Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Postmastectomy radiation: an evolution

: Postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) has long been utilized to improve locoregional control versus surgery alone, and recent decades have revealed a survival benefit for many higher risk patients based on tumor or nodal factors. During this time the landscape of cancer treatment has evolved towards less invasive surgeries and more effective chemotherapy—likewise, more precise methods of delivering radiation therapy have also emerged, drastically reducing the risk for significant side effects compared with cruder historical techniques. This paper will discuss modern era radiation techniques, toxicity profile, and reconstructive options. Several recent studies have demonstrated improved locoregional control and overall survival in patients whom received postmastectomy radiation. This review will pay special attention to utility of radiation after mastectomy in patients with positive nodes and negative nodes with high-risk features. The indications for radiation therapy after mastectomy have broadened over the past few decades and this review article hopes to explore evolving evidence, as well as, new considerations in setting of increasing use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and trend towards shorter course radiation treatment. Future directions and ongoing trials exploring benefit of additional radiation and omission of radiation will also be discussed. While some questions remain unanswered on exactly who is likely to benefit, anyone with a large tumor, nodal involvement or other high-risk features should be considered for evaluation.
Support Vector Machine Assisted GPS Navigation in Limited Satellite Visibility

: This paper investigates performance improvement via the incorporation of the support vector machine (SVM) into the vector tracking loop (VTL) for the Global Positioning System (GPS) in limited satellite visibility. Unlike the traditional scalar tracking loop (STL), the tracking and navigation modules in the VTL are not independent anymore since the user’s position can be determined by using the information from other satellites and can be predicted on the basis of the states of the user. The method proposed in this paper makes use of the SVM to bridge the GPS signal and prevent the error growth due to signal outage. Similar to the neural network, the SVM is motivated by its ability to approximate an unknown nonlinear input-output mapping through supervised training. The SVM is employed for predicting adequate numerical control oscillator (NCO) inputs, i.e., providing better prediction of residuals for the Doppler frequency and code phase in order to maintain regular operation of the navigation system. When the navigation processing is in good condition, the SVM is at the training stage, and the output information from the discriminator and navigation filter is adopted as the inputs. Other machine learning (ML) algorithms such as the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) and the Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) are employed for comparison. Performance evaluation for the SVM assisted architecture as compared to the RBFNN-and ANFIS-assisted methods and the un-assisted VTL will be carried out and the performance evaluation during GPS signal outage will be presented. The proposed design is very useful for navigationduring the environment of limited satellite visibility to effectively overcome the problem in the environment of GPS outage.
Bartın İlinde Yetiştirilen Fındığın (Corylus avellana L.) Zurufunun (Yeşil Yapraklı Kabuk) Antioksidan Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

Antioxidants are important structures that protect the body from various diseases by clearing the free radicals accumulated in the human body. There are many antioxidants in the body like enzymes, hormones, and proteins. Apart from these, there are many antioxidant substances such as vitamins, tannins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, which are naturally found in many foods. Hazelnuts such as husk, shell, from study was carried out to show that hazelnut husks which are a by-product of hazelnut also have high antioxidant properties and can be used in different fields in the industry to contribute to the economy. For this purpose, husks of the plump hazelnut ( Corylus avellana L.) species grown in Bartın were freshly collected and extracted with different solvents such as water, water-acetone, acetone, and ethanol. The obtained extract of total phenolics and flavonoid amount, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ABTS cation radical removal activity, and copper (II) reducing the determination of antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) were measured. When the results were examined, it was seen that hazelnut husks had high antioxidant properties. In addition, the total phenolic amount (273.56 ± 10.12 mg / g extract), DPPH (18.74 ± 0.87 µg / ml), ABTS (4.78 ± 0.56 µg / ml) and CUPRAC (8.74 ± 2.13 µg / ml) activities of water-acetone extract compared to other extracts has been determined to give the best results.
Re-thinking the fixed-criterion model of perceptual decision-making

Perceptual decision-making is often conceptualized as the process of comparing an internal decision variable to a categorical boundary, or criterion. How the mind sets such a criterion has been studied from at least two perspectives. First, researchers interested in consciousness have proposed that criterion-crossing determines whether a stimulus is consciously perceived. Second, researchers interested in decision-making have studied how the criterion depends on a range of stimulus and task variables. Both communities have considered the question of how the criterion behaves when sensory information is weak or uncertain. Interestingly, however, they have arrived at different conclusions. Consciousness researchers investigating a phenomenon called "subjective inflation" – a form of metacognitive mismatch in which observers overestimate the quality of their sensory representations in the periphery or at an unattended location – have proposed that the criterion governing subjective visibility is fixed. That is, it does not adjust to changes in sensory uncertainty. Decision-making researchers, on the other hand, have concluded that the criterion does adjust to account for sensory uncertainty, including under inattention. Here, we mathematically demonstrate that previous empirical findings supporting subjective inflation are consistent with either a fixed or a flexible decision criterion. We further show that specific experimental task requirements are necessary to make inferences about the flexibility of the criterion: 1) a clear mapping from decision variable space to stimulus feature space, and 2) a task incentive for observers to adjust their decision criterion as response variance increases. We conclude that the fixed-criterion model of subjective inflation requires re-thinking in light of new evidence from the probabilistic reasoning literature that decision criteria flexibly adjust according to response variance.
A New Gap Selection Strategy for Follow the Gap Method

Obstacle avoidance methods guarantee the robot’s safety during the tracking of the planned path. Follow the Gap Method known (FGM) is a geometry-based obstacle avoidance method that continuously leads the robot to the goal point by selecting the largest gap existing around the robot. This approach calculates the heading angle by considering the distance to the closest obstacles, the angle to the goal, and the center of the gap. In this paper, a new procedure is developed to improve the gap selection in FGM, where the gaps are selected based on the prediction of gap changes during the time, considering the distance between the robot and obstacles in the future. In order to test the proposed methodology, Monte-Carlo simulations are used and the results are presented for comparison. The results demonstrate that the new procedure leads the robot to safer trajectories in comparison with classical FGM. 
Conservation Status of Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)- A Review

: Bengal tiger is one of the majestic carnivores found in regions of the Indian subcontinent. It possesses immense intrinsic values contributing significantly to the cultural and ecological aspects. However, a drastic decline in the population has been perceived for the past few years. Anthropogenic activities and fall in prey density are considered to be the major threats. Several conservation actions and plans have been executed to stabilize and increase the population. This review article summarizes ecology, threats to tiger population and its conservation strategies.
A Three-Dimensional Version of the Free Surface Capturing Discretization for Staggered Grid Finite Difference Schemes: Implementation into StagYY

<p>In order to treat a free surface in models of lithosphere and mantle dynamics that use a fixed Eulerian grid it is typical to use "sticky air", a layer of low-viscosity, low-density material above the solid surface (e.g. Crameri et al., 2012). This can, however, cause numerical problems, including poor solver convergence due to the huge viscosity jump and small time-steps due to high velocities in the air. Additionally, it is not completely realistic because the assumed viscosity of the air layer is typically similar to that of rock in the asthenosphere so the surface is not stress free. &#160;</p><p>In order to overcome these problems, Duretz et al. (2016) introduced and tested a method for treating the free surface that instead detects and applies special conditions at the free surface. This avoids the huge viscosity jump and having to solve for velocities in the air. They applied it to a two-dimensional staggered grid finite difference / finite volume scheme, a discretization that is in common use for modelling mantle and lithosphere dynamics. Here I document the application of this approach to a three-dimensional spherical staggered grid solver in the mantle simulation code StagYY. Some adjustments had to be made to the two-dimensional scheme documented in Duretz et al. (2016) in order to avoid problems due to undefined velocities for certain boundary topographies. The approach was applied not only to the Stokes solver but also to the temperature solver, including the implementation of a mixed radiative/conductive boundary condition applicable to surface magma oceans/lakes. </p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p>Crameri, F. , H. Schmeling, G. J. Golabek, T. Duretz, R. Orendt, S. J. H. Buiter, D. A. May, B. J. P. Kaus, T. V. Gerya, and P. J. Tackley (2012), A comparison of numerical surface topography calculations in geodynamic modelling: an evaluation of the &#8216;sticky air&#8217; method, Geophysical Journal International,189(1), 38-54, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012. 05388.x. </p><p>Duretz, T. , D. A. May, and P. Yamato (2016), A free surface capturing discretization for the staggered grid finite difference scheme, Geophysical Journal International, 204(3), 1518-1530, doi:10.1093/gji/ggv526. </p>
Ancient DNA Research: Ongoing Challenges and Contribution to Medical Sciences

INTRODUCTION Ancient DNA (aDNA) research has been an active field in molecular biology for over 30 years. Developing techniques has led to detailed studies that shed light on our past, future and interactions with the world we live in. Secrets of our ancient ancestors are revealed by working with archeological/paleontological samples, answering questions on our shared life on our planet. The recovery of DNA sequences from skeletal remains such as bones and teeth, reveal the genetic and evolutionary history of man; while also shedding light on the migration routes and demographic processes populations have undergone. In addition, aDNA studies have revealed environmental crises affecting population bottlenecks and demographic dynamics of several megafauna species up until their extinction. Data from ancient DNA is also a very important tool to draw conclusions about the mode and pace of evolutionary processes for reconstructing the phenotypic properties of prehistoric groups, and to consider the relative effects of selection and demography in changing allele frequencies within human populations (1). In addition to human studies, investigations on animals and plants are also extensively performed in aDNA research. These studies contribute to our knowledge on evolutionary processes occurring in animals and plants, extinct species, changes in genetic diversity in populations, the interaction of changes in the population with geographic location and determination of phylogenetic relationships (2). ABSTRACT
Fault dissection process and typical fault analysis of high voltage power cables

With the rapid development of cities and the increasing requirements of urban aesthetics, high-voltage (HV) power cables have been widely used in the transmission network structure, and have the trend of rapid expansion. However, the failure of HV power cables has also increased, causing great security risks to the transmission grid. In this paper, the dissecting process of HV power cable after fault was summarized, the causes of fault were analyzed step by step, and the fault dissection tree was drawn to provide guidance for unifying the dissecting process and normative fault cause analysis of HV power cable.
Quantifying Hydraulic Roughness From Field Data: Can Dune Morphology Tell the Whole Story?

Hydraulic roughness is a fundamental property in river research, as it directly affects water levels, flow strength and the associated sediment transport rates. However, quantification of roughness is challenging, as it is not directly measurable in the field. In lowland rivers, bedforms are a major source of hydraulic roughness. Decades of research have focused on dunes to allow parameterization of roughness, with relatively little focus on field verification. This study aims to establish the predictive capacity of current roughness predictors, and to identify reasons for the unexplained part of the variance in roughness. We quantified hydraulic roughness based on the Darcy‐Weisbach friction factor (f) calculated from hydraulic field data of a 78 km‐long trajectory of the river Rhine and river Waal in the Netherlands. This is compared to predicted roughness values based on dune geometry, and to the spatial trends in the local topographic leeside angle, both inferred from bathymetric field data. Results from both approaches show the same general trend and magnitude of roughness values (0.019 < f < 0.069). Roughness inferred from dune geometry explains at best 31% of the variance. Efforts to explain the remaining variance from statistics of the local topographic leeside angles, which supposedly control flow separation, were unsuccessful. Unexpectedly, multi‐kilometer depth oscillations explain 34% of the total roughness variations. We suggest that flow divergence associated with depth increase causes energy loss, which is reflected in an elevated hydraulic roughness. Multi‐kilometer depth variations occur in many rivers worldwide, which implies a cause of flow resistance that needs further study.
Studi Literatur Riset Management Control For Sustainability 2010-2019

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to review management control for sustainability research for the period 2010-2019. This study applied a descriptive approach to answer about the motivation (research objectives), the theory; the research method used; research findings and research agenda. Management control for sustainability research development was traced through article published in Schimago journal rank (SJR) namely Management Accounting Research dan Journal of Management Accounting Research. The unit of analysis is a journal containing articles management accounting issues and sustainability issues. A total of 344 articles were examined that resulted in 6 articles for analysis. Some findings are, first, research into sustainability control systems focused on environmental sustainability; discuss the role of management control systems in managing social responsibility strategies; and examine the relationship between external pressures and sustainability control systems. Second, the theories used are configuration theory, institutional theory, institutional logic, the framework of the four control levers, the environmental management control system; third, quantitative, qualitative, and content analysis methods are used in research; fourth, generally analysis at managerial level; fifth, using primary data and secondary data. Keywords: Sustainability; Management Control System Abstrak Tujuan studi ini adalah meninjau riset pengendalian manajemen untuk keberlanjutan pada periode 2010-2019. Studi ini menerapkan pendekatan deskriptif untuk menjawab tentang motivasi (tujuan penelitian), teori, metode penelitian yang digunakan, temuan penelitian dan agenda penelitian. Riset pengendalian manajemen untuk keberlanjutan ditelusuri melalui artikel yang diterbitkan dalam Schimago journal rank (SJR) yaitu Management Accounting Research dan Journal of Management Accounting Research. Unit analisis adalah artikel topik akuntansi manajemen dan isu keberlanjutan. Sebanyak 344 artikel diperiksa dan diperoleh 6 artikel untuk direviu. Beberapa temuan adalah, pertama, penelitian tentang sistem kontrol keberlanjutan fokus pada kelestarian lingkungan; membahas peran sistem kontrol manajemen dalam mengelola strategi tanggung jawab sosial; dan menguji hubungan antara tekanan eksternal dengan sistem kontrol keberlanjutan. Kedua, teori yang digunakan adalah teori konfigurasi, teori kelembagaan, logika kelembagaan, kerangka kerja dari empat tuas kontrol, sistem kontrol manajemen lingkungan; ketiga, metode analisis kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan analisis konten digunakan dalam penelitian; keempat, umumnya analisis pada tingkat manajerial; kelima, menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Kata kunci: Keberlanjutan; Sistem Pengendalian Manajemen
Interaction between mycorrhizal fungi and Meloidogyne javanica on the growth and essential oil composition of basil (Ocimum basilicum)

Plant-parasitic nematodes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been reported to alter the yield and chemical composition of basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of AMF to control the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica in basil and to investigate the effects of nematode-AMF interactions on plant growth, phosphorus (P) absorption, and essential oil composition. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions following a completely randomized 3 × 2 factorial (two fungal species and an uninoculated control × inoculated and uninoculated seedlings) arrangement with 10 replicates. Substrates were inoculated with Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Rhizophagus clarus, or no fungi (control) and sown with basil seeds. After 20 days, half of the seedlings were inoculated with 4,000 M. javanica eggs. After 60 days, the vegetative parameters, P absorption, essential oil composition, nematode population density, AMF root-colonization efficiency, and AMF spore density were determined. The presence of AMF increased the basil’s fresh weight and ability to absorb P, while reducing the M. javanica reproduction. In total, 21 compounds were identified in basil essential oil, the concentrations of which varied according to the treatments. The major components were eucalyptol, linalool, eugenol, β-elemene, trans-α-bergamotene, and τ-cadinol. Inoculation with AMF decreased the linalool levels but increased the amount of eucalyptol. Mycorrhizal plants showed increased shoot height, P uptake, and essential oil yield and a decreased nematode population density in their roots.
Ensuring Access to Safe and Nutritious Food for All Through Transformation of Food Systems

Action Track 1 of the Food Systems Summit offers an opportunity to bring together the crucial elements of food safety, nutrition, poverty and inequalities in the framework of food systems in the context of climate and environmental change to ensure that all people have access to a safe and nutritious diet. Achieving Action Track 1 goal is essential to the achievement of the goals of the other Action Tracks. With less than a decade left to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SGD), most countries are not on target to achieve the World Health Organisation’s nutrition targets and SGD 2 targets. The COVID pandemic has exacerbated malnutrition and highlighted the need for food safety. The pandemic has also exposed the deep inequalities in society and food systems. Yet, future food systems can address many of these failings and ensure safe and nutritious food for all. However, structural change is necessary to address the socio-economic drivers behind malnutrition, inequalities and the climate and environmental impacts of food. Adopting a whole-system approach in policy, research and monitoring and evaluation is crucial to manage trade-off and externalities from farm-level to national scales and across multiple sectors and agencies. Supply chain failures will need to be overcome and technology solutions adopted and adapted to specific contexts. A transformation of food systems requires coordinating changes in supply and demand in differentiated ways across world regions: bridging yield gaps and improving livestock feed conversion, largely through agro-ecological practices, deploying at scale soil carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas mitigation, reducing food losses and wastes, as well as over-nourishment and shifting the diets of wealthy populations. Global food systems sustainability also requires halting the expansion of agriculture into fragile ecosystems, while restoring degraded forests, fisheries, rangelands, peatlands and wetlands. Shifting to more sustainable consumption and production patterns within planetary boundaries will require efforts to influence food demand and diets, diversify food systems, careful land-use planning and management. Integrative policies need to ensure that food prices reflect real costs (including major externalities caused by climate change, land degradation and biodiversity loss, and public health impacts of malnutrition), reduce food waste and, at the same time, ensure safe and healthy food affordability, decent incomes and wages for farmers and food system workers. Harnessing science and technology solutions and sharing actionable knowledge with all players in the food system offers many opportunities. Greater coordination of food system stakeholders is crucial for greater inclusion, greater transparency and more accountability. Sharing lessons and experiences will foster adaptive learning and responsive actions. Careful consideration of the trade-offs, externalities and costs of not acting is needed to ensure that the changes we make benefit to all and especially the most vulnerable in society.
Analisis Pemasaran Biji Kopi Robusta di Desa Jambuwer Kecamatan Kromengan Kabupaten Malang

Indonesia is recorded as the third largest coffee producing country in the world. Robusta coffee is widely cultivated in Jambuwer Village Malang Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine: Robusta coffee marketing channels in Malang Regency. Calculating the amount of marketing margin, margin distribution and share of robusta coffee in Malang Regency. The results of this study indicate that there are four patterns of robusta coffee marketing channels, namely, marketing channel I: Farmers - Wholesalers - Retailers - Consumers. Marketing channel II: Farmers - Middlemen - Resellers - Consumers. Marketing channel III: Farmers - Middlemen - Consumers and marketing channels IV: Farmers - Middlemen - Companies. Meanwhile, the marketing margin for channel I is Rp. 4,000, marketing margin for channel II is Rp. 95,000, channel marketing margin is Rp. 95,000 and channel marketing margin is Rp. 2,000. The farmer's share value in marketing channel I was 84%, marketing channel II was 24%, marketing channel III was 24% and marketing channel IV was 91.7%. The result of the most efficient marketing channel for farmers is the marketing channel IV because it has a low marketing margin and a high farmer share value.