Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advancements in Retinoblastoma Treatment: Unraveling the Potential of Intravitreal Chemotherapy

Retinoblastoma necessitates urgent attention due to its potential fatality if untreated. Multiple treatment options are available and should be employed according to size, location, and the extent of dissemination. This review emphasizes the need for increased awareness, advanced diagnostic tools, and innovative treatment approaches, especially intravitreal chemotherapy (IVitC) to address the diverse manifestations and aggressive nature of retinoblastoma. Timely diagnosis and commitment to treatment are pivotal, as delays and reluctance to undergo enucleation contribute to unfavorable outcomes. The evolving treatment landscape, spanning from traditional interventions to modern targeted therapies such as intravitreal melphalan, holds promise for improved outcomes. While the intravitreal approach presents challenges, ongoing research aims to establish its definitive role in retinoblastoma treatment. In the treatment of retinoblastoma, IVitC raises considerations about side effects. The risk of tumor spread beyond the eye is rare, emphasising the potential of IVitC in carefully selected cases. Intravitreal injections exhibit fewer local adverse effects compared to intra-arterial chemotherapy, with careful measures reducing significant ocular complications. The evaluation of ocular toxicity, particularly with melphalan, underscores the importance of a nuanced approach to achieve the right balance between therapeutic efficacy and ocular safety. This comprehensive analysis of studies on IVitC and its ocular and systemic complications provides valuable insights for enhanced patient care. The review concludes with a focus on balancing safety and efficacy in local chemotherapeutic drugs, highlighting the need for thoughtful measures and continued research to optimise treatment modalities globally.
Analytical framework and management strategy for large-scale sustainable sanitation

The aim of this research is to provide a professional management strategy for largescale sustainable sanitation. I have examined four questions: What is a suitable management strategy for large-scale sustainable sanitation? What are the key factors to assess management needs in a sanitation system and the impact of the strategy implemented? How can the strategy be used for decision making and planning? How can the strategy be applied in real projects? Sustainable sanitation is one of the biggest challenges in the world today. In 2015 one third of the world population lacked access to adequate sanitation. Access, however, does not necessarily mean sustainable sanitation. The challenge is complex and inter-sectoral. Technologies are available but many countries lack the necessary management capacity and supportive institutional framework. Development projects are too often unbalanced, focusing on infrastructure and disregarding management support and institutional development. Research has focused on technology, decision support and management aspects, including sustainability criteria. But it lacks strategies that include the key management aspects of sustainable sanitation. I carried out this research using a transdisciplinary approach integrating science and practice as well as different disciplines including engineering and economics. I planned and monitored the research using guiding principles and a logical framework. Methods included literature analyses and strategy, scorecard, tool, and case study development. The results of this research are fourfold. Result 1 is a management strategy with 10 key actions related to the institutional framework, organisation, technology and users. It is based on a new view of sustainable sanitation. Result 2 operationalises the strategy with an analytical assessment framework consisting of 30 indicators and 120 rating criteria. These are the basis of a scorecard that is implemented as a software tool in Result 3. This tool enables informed experts to quickly assess, implement, and monitor management needs and interventions in a system or project. Result 4 is a case study for a semi-arid Middle Eastern region. I used this case study to test and refine the strategy and tool and to illustrate their application. The study includes a professional implementation concept. The results suggest that management strategy supports large-scale sustainable sanitation. The management needs assessment can be integrated into early stages of project planning. The strategy, when introduced within a project and used in daily operation, helps create professional management and a supportive institutional framework. Recommendations for further research include applying this strategy to further case studies for better validation, developing further indicators, conducting studies on strategy implementation and monitoring as well as integrating this strategy with other strategies such as financing and infrastructure strategies.
Output-Based Secure Control Under False Data Injection Attacks

This paper investigates the problem of cyber-physical systems in the presence of false data injection attacks. When the communication network connects the controller and the actuator, malicious adversaries can execute false data injection attacks to modify the control commands, deteriorating the performance of the system. A more general attack model is established to describe false data injection attacks including multiplicative and additive attacks. To effectively mitigate such attacks, an output-based secure controller is designed. Sufficient criteria are derived to guarantee that the cyber-physical system under such attacks is stochastically stable. Furthermore, a condition is proposed to design the secure control gain using singular value decomposition, providing a more specific form of the controller. Finally, simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed secure control scheme.
Polymer Delivery Systems for Long-Acting Antiretroviral Drugs

The success of long-acting (LA) drug delivery systems (DDSs) is linked to their biocompatible polymers. These are used for extended therapeutic release. For treatment or prevention of human immune deficiency virus type one (HIV-1) infection, LA DDSs hold promise for improved regimen adherence and reduced toxicities. Current examples include Cabenuva, Apretude, and Sunlenca. Each is safe and effective. Alternative promising DDSs include implants, prodrugs, vaginal rings, and microarray patches. Each can further meet patients’ needs. We posit that the physicochemical properties of the formulation chemical design can optimize drug release profiles. We posit that the strategic design of LA DDS polymers will further improve controlled drug release to simplify dosing schedules and improve regimen adherence.
ZERO WASTE MANAGEMENT ARABICA COFFEE AS A SUPERIOR PRODUCT IN MAGETAN REGENCY

One of the coffee producers in East Java province in Indonesia is Magetan Regency. The majority of coffee processing industries in the region are small and medium industries. Limited capital, knowledge and technology make them limited in processing waste including coffee pulp. This research aims to analyze the potential for utilizing coffee pulp which can be implemented sustainably by small coffee processing industries and provide additional income. The method used is analytical hierarchy process (AHP) with expert choice software. The most effective use of coffee skin waste for small coffee processing industries is cascara. The results of the mass balance balance analysis in 1,000 kg of Arabica coffee production produced coffee beans with horny skin or coffee with hard skin (HS) with a water content of 5.83% of 283 kg, solid waste 726 kg, coffee processing wastewater 1,613 kg. Cascara showed the highest financial feasibility where an NPV value of IDR 1,368,544,232 was obtained; IRR 52%; B/C Ratio 6.08; and PBP 0.90 or 10 months. The calculation assumes that the production of cascara tea is sold out at an interest rate of 10%.
Major microRNAs and regulation of gut microbiota in patients with obesity: a systematic review

Introduction: Obesity represents a pandemic represented as a chronic, long-term imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) stand out. They are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, and changes in their expression and functions have been associated with many diseases, including metabolic disorders and obesity. Objective: It was to present the main considerations and results of clinical studies on the relationship between obesity, gut microbiota, and microRNAs in inflammatory and immunological processes through a systematic review. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The search was carried out from August to September 2023 in the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 121 articles were found, and 44 articles were evaluated in full and 30 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 22 studies with a high risk of bias and 21 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2=77.5%>50%. It was concluded that microRNAs regulate gene expression in adipose tissue, impact the regulation of metabolism and energy homeostasis, and regulate adipogenesis signaling pathways in white, beige, and brown adipose tissue. For example, microRNA (miR-143) promotes brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and inhibits white adipose tissue adipogenesis. Some miRNAs have been implicated in the control of body weight gain, glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism, with crosstalk with the gut microbiota. Furthermore, an association was found between B. eggerthi abundance, miR-183-5p expression, and adiponectin levels. Expression of miR-15a-5p was found to be associated with H. parainfluenzae abundance and insulin levels.
Behavior of Rare Earth Elements and High-Field Strength Elements during Peridotite - Seawater Interaction

v PREFACE . viii LIST OF TABLES . xv LIST OF FIGURES . xvii CHAPTER 1: SEAWATER-DERIVED RARE EARTH ELEMENT ADDITION TO ABYSSAL PERIDOTITES DURING SERPENTINIZATION . 1 1.0 ABSTRACT . 1 1.
Autonomous cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms monitoring using multirotor UAS

ABSTRACT In this article, we present a framework to use an autonomous multirotor unmanned aerial system (UAS) for cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) monitoring. The requirements of CHABS monitoring, and the factors are analysed. Formulae are developed to describe the relation between the image qualities and the UAS performance. Experiments are designed to investigate the influences of the flight parameters (the flight altitude, the flight speed and the shutter time of the camera) on the image resolution. CHABs detection experiments were carried out at Kingston, Canada. Experimental results show that the autonomous UAS is a promising enabling technology to contribute to a novel CHABs detection method.
Comparison of Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment and Western Medicine Treatment of Tennis Elbow (External Humeral Epicondylitis)

Tennis elbow is a chronic strain disease characterized by lateral elbow joint pain and limited movement. There are a variety of treatment methods, mainly consist of surgical treatment and non-surgical treatment, surgical treatment has quick effect, while non-surgical treatment has a low recurrence rate and is minimally invasive or non-invasive. Under different theoretical systems of TCM and Western medicine, non-surgical treatment methods are also different. Common treatment methods of traditional Chinese medicine include acupuncture, massage, traditional Chinese medicine fumigation, etc. Extracorporeal shock wave and drug use. This article reviewed and summarized many domestic and foreign literatures on the treatment methods of external humeral epicondylitis, and listed the similarities and differences in clinical treatment methods of external humeral epicondylitis under two different treatment systems of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.
Fast and scalable all-optical network architecture for distributed deep learning

With the ever-increasing size of training models and datasets, network communication has emerged as a major bottleneck in distributed deep learning training. To address this challenge, we propose an optical distributed deep learning (ODDL) architecture. ODDL utilizes a fast yet scalable all-optical network architecture to accelerate distributed training. One of the key features of the architecture is its flow-based transmit scheduling with fast reconfiguration. This allows ODDL to allocate dedicated optical paths for each traffic stream dynamically, resulting in low network latency and high network utilization. Additionally, ODDL provides physically isolated and tailored network resources for training tasks by reconfiguring the optical switch using LCoS-WSS technology. The ODDL topology also uses tunable transceivers to adapt to time-varying traffic patterns. To achieve accurate and fine-grained scheduling of optical circuits, we propose an efficient distributed control scheme that incurs minimal delay overhead. Our evaluation on real-world traces showcases ODDL’s remarkable performance. When implemented with 1024 nodes and 100 Gbps bandwidth, ODDL accelerates VGG19 training by $1.6 \times$ and $1.7 \times$ compared to conventional fat-tree electrical networks and photonic SiP-Ring architectures, respectively. We further build a four-node testbed, and our experiments show that ODDL can achieve comparable training time compared to that of an ideal electrical switching network.
Identificación de áreas potenciales para la implementación del sistema agroforestal Quesungual en el Valle del Cauca 1 Identification of Potential Areas for the Implementation of the Quesungual an Agroforestry System in the Valle del Cauca

Agroforestry systems are an alternative form of land use that combines woody components with crops and/or animals. This study identifies potential areas to implement the agroforestry system known as the Quesungual (SAQ), one of such forms of use which has had recognized success in countries in Central America, on slopes of Valle del Cauca as input in the process of land management. These systems are a productive and sustainable alternative in these regions while simulating the characteristics of natural ecosystem structure and function. The aim of this study is to locate the areas of greatest potential to implement the SAQ in the Valle del Cauca using spatial analysis techniques such as the weights of evidence and logistic regression. The results were evaluated both with statistical techniques integrated within spatial analysis tools and afterwards through the knowledge shared with professionals from three Municipal Technical Assistance Units (UMATAS). The results allowed locating in detail the areas of highest fitness, which could be used in management plans for municipalities in the region, totaling around 232,000 hectares (ha) as suitable for the establishment of the SAQ.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: an Introduction to Physicians

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammatory responses around joints, resulting in pain or restricted movement. In the last two decades, RA has received increasing attention with a better understanding of its pathogenesis and the development of innovative treatment methods. Currently, the management of RA focuses on early diagnosis and persistent treatment to control disease progression and alleviate symptoms. This review aims to summarize the diagnosis and treatment of RA with respect to published classification criteria and guidelines. The combined diagnosis based on biomarkers and clinical symptoms covers the preclinical phase of RA for higher sensitivity while maintaining high precision. In RA treatment, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids (GCs) are often used to rapidly alleviate symptoms in conjunction with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs, especially methotrexate) to inhibit the underlying disease mechanism. Future improvements in the diagnosis (new biomarkers) and treatment (better monitoring and drugs) can provide more effective management of RA.
Methods to extract and analyze fluid from human pluripotent stem cell-derived choroid plexus organoids

The choroid plexus (ChP) is a highly vascularized tissue lining the ventricular space of the brain. The ChP generates cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and forms a protective barrier in the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, a three-dimensional human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived ChP organoid model has been developed. This model generates cystic structures that are filled with a fluid resembling CSF and are surrounded by an epithelial layer expressing ependymal choroid plexus-specific markers. Here we describe a method to generate these choroid plexus organoids using a commercial kit and methods to extract the CSF-like fluid for use in downstream analysis.
Homage to L. M. Coutinho: fire adaptations in cerrado plants

Professor Coutinho (1934–2016; Sao Paulo, Brazil) studied fire adaptations in Brazilian savannas during the 1970s, when very few researchers recognised fire as an evolutionary force. His main contributions were on fire-stimulated flowering, serotiny and nutrient cycling. However, he is little known, partly because he was not Anglo-Saxon but also because he was ahead of his time, when fire and evolution were still distant concepts.
Design and Development of an Edible Coating for a Ready-to-Eat Fish Product

The application of chitosan and alginate coatings for a ready-to-eat (RTE) baked fish product was studied. An experimental design was used to investigate the effect of coating a polysaccharide concentration and glycerol addition on the safety (microbial growth) and quality (water loss and lipid oxidation) of an RTE fish product under optimal and abused storage conditions. The results showed that a chitosan coating with 1% (w/v) chitosan in 1% (v/v) acetic acid and 15% (w/w chitosan) glycerol, or a 1% (w/v) alginate coating with no glycerol and no crosslinking, showed the best performance in controlling the tested safety and quality parameters. The desirability method was used to identify the shelf lives of chitosan, alginate, and double-coated RTE products. The chitosan-coated samples showed the best performance with a three-fold shelf-life extension compared to the uncoated products stored at 4 °C. Moreover, the tested coatings demonstrated their ability to provide protective functions under abused storage conditions. These results strongly suggest that edible coatings have significant potential in enhancing the shelf life and safety of ready-to-eat (RTE) fish products.
Investigation of peripheral inflammatory biomarkers in association with suicide risk in major depressive disorder

Suicide is the most severe complication of major depressive disorder (MDD). Novel research assumes the role of immunological dysregulation in the background – several studies have reported alterations in the number of inflammatory cells related to both MDD and suicidality. There are currently no objective, routinely measured parameters to indicate suicidal vulnerability. However, altered inflammatory cell numbers and ratios have been proposed as potential biomarkers of suicide risk (SR). The present research aims to examine changes of these values related to increased SR in MDD as an assumed inflammatory state. We investigated laboratory parameters of psychiatric in-patients diagnosed with MDD (n = 101) retrospectively. Individuals with recent suicide attempt (SA) (n = 22) and with past SA (n = 19) represented the high SR group. MDD patients with no history of SA (n = 60) composed the intermediate SR group. We compared the number of neutrophil granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Furthermore, we evaluated alterations of these parameters related to antidepressant (AD) and antipsychotic (AP) treatment, which have been proved to have anti-inflammatory effects. We found a significant increase in neutrophil granulocyte count, NLR, monocyte count, MLR, WBC and ESR in patients with recent SA compared to patients with no history of SA. Moreover, there was a significant elevation in monocyte count, MLR, ESR and RDW in patients with high SR compared to patients with intermediate SR. AD treatment resulted in a significant decrease in neutrophil granulocyte count and NLR, however, it did not affect monocyte count and MLR. Assuming immunological mechanisms in the background of MDD and suicidality, our findings support the role of NLR as a biomarker of acute SR, though its alterations may be masked by possible anti-inflammatory effects of AD treatment in the long term. However, MLR, a marker exhibiting changes which are not attenuated by pharmacotherapy, may be a possible indicator of both acute and long-term suicidal vulnerability.
Flowering and Runnering of Seasonal Strawberry under Different Photoperiods Are Affected by Intensity of Supplemental or Night-Interrupting Blue Light

The strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) “Sulhyang” is a typical seasonal flowering (SF) strawberry that produces flower buds in day lengths shorter than a critical limit (variable, but often defined as <12 h). There is a trade-off between photoperiod-controlled flowering and gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway-mediated runnering. Some related genes (such as CO, FT1, SOC1, and TFL1) participating in light signaling and circadian rhythm in plants are altered under blue light (BL). Sugars for flowering and runnering are mainly produced by photosynthetic carbon assimilation. The intensity of light could affect photosynthesis, thereby regulating flowering and runnering. Here, we investigated the effect of the intensity of supplemental blue light (S-BL) or night-interrupting blue light (NI-BL) in photoperiodic flowering and runnering regulation by applying 4 h of S-BL or NI-BL with either 0, 10, 20, 30, or 40 μmol·m−2·s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) in a 10 h short-day (SD10) (SD10 + S-BL4 or + NI-BL4 (0, 10, 20, 30, or 40)) or 14 h long-day (LD14) conditions (LD14 + S-BL4 or + NI-BL4 (0, 10, 20, 30, or 40)). Approximately 45 days after the photoperiodic light treatment, generally, whether S-BL or NI-BL, BL (20) was the most promotive in runnering, leading to more runners in both the LD and SD conditions. For flowering, except the treatment LD14 + S-BL, BL (20) was still the key light, either from BL (20) or BL (40), promoting flowering, especially when BL acted as the night-interrupting light, regardless of the photoperiod. At the harvest stage, larger numbers of inflorescences and runners were observed in the LD14 + NI-BL4 treatment, and the most were observed in the LD14 + NI-BL (20). Moreover, the SD10 + NI-BL4 was slightly inferior to the LD14 + NI-BL4 in increasing the numbers of inflorescences and runners, but it caused earlier flowering. Additionally, the circadian rhythm expression of flowering-related genes was affected differently by the S-BL and NI-BL. After the application of BL in LD conditions, the expression of an LD-specific floral activator FaFT1 was stimulated, while that of a flowering suppressor FaTFL1 was inhibited, resetting the balance of expression between these two opposite flowering regulators. The SD runnering was caused by BL in non-runnering SD conditions associated with the stimulation of two key genes that regulate runner formation in the GA pathway, FaGRAS32 and FaGA20ox4. In addition, the positive effects of BL on enhancing photosynthesis and carbohydrate production also provided an abundant energy supply for the flowering and runnering processes.