Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tunable Atomically Wide Electrostatic Barriers Embedded in a Graphene WSe2 Heterostructure

Inducing and controlling electrostatic barriers in two-dimensional (2D) quantum materials has shown extraordinary promise to enable control of charge carriers, and is key for the realization of nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices1-10. Because of their atomically thin nature, the 2D materials have a congenital advantage to construct the thinnest possible p-n junctions1,3,7,9,10. To realize the ultimate functional unit for future nanoscale devices, creating atomically wide electrostatic barriers embedded in 2D materials is desired and remains an extremely challenge. Here we report the creation and manipulation of atomically wide electrostatic barriers embedded in graphene WSe2 heterostructures. By using a STM tip, we demonstrate the ability to generate a one-dimensional (1D) atomically wide boundary between 1T-WSe2 domains and continuously tune positions of the boundary because of ferroelasticity of the 1T-WSe2. Our experiment indicates that the 1D boundary introduces atomically wide electrostatic barriers in graphene above it. Then the 1D electrostatic barrier changes a single graphene WSe2 heterostructure quantum dot from a relativistic artificial atom to a relativistic artificial molecule.
Response of soil properties to rangeland use in grassland and savanna biomes of South Africa

RESPONSE OF SOIL PROPERTIES TO RANGELAND USE IN GRASSLAND AND SAVANNA BIOMES OF SOUTH AFRICA A significant portion of grassland and savanna ecosystems is over-utilized by livestock, due to inappropriate rangeland management. South Africa ́s rangelands are increasingly threatened by overgrazing, followed by altered grassland composition and loss of vegetation cover in the grassland ecosystem, and by bush encroachment in the savanna ecosystem. Although not all land is overgrazed, there are some parts where signs of degradation can be found. Overgrazing has detrimental effects on soil and vegetation, but these changes can be reversed or prevented by proper rangeland management practices. The causes of and the processes involved in these changes and human interactions with them are poorly understood. Literature has indicated that rangelands can recover if managed accordingly, however scientists still have much to learn about how grazing affects soil properties. Sustainable utilization of the rangeland ecosystem is based on the appropriate application of rangeland management principles that will safeguard long-term productivity and profitability of the production system at the lowest possible risk. The main aim of this study was to investigate how soil chemical, physical and microbiological properties responded to different management systems in a clayey grassland and sandy savanna ecosystem of South Africa. For this purpose we sampled rangeland management systems under communal (continuous grazing), commercial (rotational grazing) and land reform (mixture of grazing systems mentioned) farming. Within each of these systems a grazing gradient was identified with increasing grazing pressure, indicated by indicator grass species for the purpose of rangeland condition assessment. Different grass species exist in the clayey grassland and sandy savanna ecosystems, with Acacia shrub and tree species being dominant in the savanna ecosystem. Rangeland condition ranged from poor, moderate to good grazing conditions. The results revealed that soils in both ecosystems responded differently to increased rangeland degradation. In the grassland ecosystem bare patches and soil crusts lead to a degradation of the soils, whereas in the savanna ecosystem bush encroachment lead to a temporary improvement of the soil quality. As a consequence of management, soil degradation in the piosphere of continuous grazed rangeland of the clayey grassland ecosystem is driven by the deterioration of aggregates and associated SOM losses in the poor and moderate rangeland condition, as well as nutrient
A simple quantum algorithm to efficiently prepare sparse states

State preparation is a fundamental routine in quantum computation, for which many algorithms have been proposed. Among them, perhaps the simplest one is the Grover-Rudolph algorithm. In this paper, we analyse the performance of this algorithm when the state to prepare is sparse. We show that the gate complexity is linear in the number of non-zero amplitudes in the state and quadratic in the number of qubits. We then introduce a simple modification of the algorithm, which makes the dependence on the number of qubits also linear. This is competitive with the best known algorithms for sparse state preparation
Chapter 4 Potentials of Polyphenols in Bone-Implant Devices

Knowledge of bioactive plant-derived polyphenols is growing to such an extent that science interest is looking at development of different applications in regenerative medicine through new and state-of-the-art tissue engineering technologies. Due to their well-established and demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory beneficial properties, polyphenols have been extensively investigated to the extent that they provide benefits to different pathological conditions, including cardiovascular and bone diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. By taking into account the main molecular pathways of polyphenols’ action, we want to focus this chapter on applications of polyphenols in boneimplant devices. In particular, results of polyphenols’ effects on bone cells and tissues following local delivery from innovative biomaterials will be discussed, together with preliminary in vivo tests. Purpose of the dissertation is to provide the reader new insights into knowledge of polyphenols not only regarding the different molecular mechanisms involved in their action but also the biological responses deriving from local applications.
A School-Based Program for Problematic Internet Use for Adolescents in Japan

Despite the serious influence of problematic Internet use on mental health among Japanese adolescents, no randomized clinical trials have investigated universal school-based interventions for this potential health challenge. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of a school-based educational program. This two-armed, parallel, cluster-based randomized clinical trial included 5312 students from 13 high schools situated in a mid-sized Japanese city. The students in the intervention arm received 10 weekly standardized sessions, including a combination of information provision and interactive sessions by schoolteachers. The students in the control group followed a standard school curriculum. A generalized estimating equation model was applied to assess the primary (Korean Scale for Internet Addiction [K-scale] score) and secondary (behavioral change status according to changes in the transtheoretical model smartphone addiction score and Internet usage time) outcomes two months after intervention completion. The intention-to-treat analysis included 2597 (97.2%) and 2504 (94.9%) students in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Nevertheless, a significant discrepancy emerged regarding the behavioral change status. Therefore, this school-based program did not improve the Internet or smartphone addiction scores among Japanese adolescents. Further studies are needed to develop appropriate interventions for adolescents.
Journal of Business Systems, Governance and Ethics

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the key motivational factors that lead to the successful implementation of Chronic Diseases Information Systems (CDISs) in twenty eight general practices in a case study of a large general practice division network in Australia. The literature identified three major areas of CDIS motivation: patient care gap motivator, internal motivators and external motivators. Patient care emerged as the most important motivation for adopting CDIS, followed by risk management and financial incentives. However, the study also determined that the motivational forces are inter-related and suggests that the decision to adopt CDIS should consider a number of these identified factors.
Journal of Business Systems, Governance and Ethics

The present exploratory study is based on the ‘Entrepreneurial Intention Model’ and has its foundation in ‘Planned Behavioural Theory’. The main focus of the study is on measuring factors affecting Entrepreneurial Intentions among business students in Pakistan. Apart from demographics, the study is particularly focused on personal attraction, perceived social norms and perceived social behaviour. The paper is based on systematic sampling methodology and targets business graduates and nascent entrepreneurs. The study will provide useful implications for educational institutions within the field of business and management, and off course for government policy makers.
Analysis on the Prewarning Distance of Expressway Traffic Based on Lane-Selection Cell Transmission Model

Lane-changing prewarning is an active management measure used to mitigate the impact of incidents on expressways. This measure affects the operational efficiency and safety of traffic flow upstream of the incident location. To evaluate the effectiveness of this measure in mitigating incident-induced congestion and enhancing traffic safety, it is essential to model and simulate traffic flow on expressways, followed by analyzing the simulation results. In this study, we use the lane-changing selection cell transmission model (ls-CTM) to investigate the impact of setting lane-changing prewarning information on expressway traffic flow. By enhancing the composition of flow within the diverging cell in CTM, traffic can determine its downstream direction based on lane-changing probability rather than the path. A case study was conducted to investigate the impact of prewarning distances of 50, 100, and 150 m on road operational efficiency and traffic safety under different traffic volumes. The effectiveness and applicability of three measures to improve traffic safety were also summarized. The research results can provide more rigorous and effective decision-making support for expressway traffic management and control.
Digital transformation dimensions for evaluating SMEs' readiness for big data analytics and artificial intelligence: A review

Assessing the readiness and maturity of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is a foundation for implementing emerging technologies like big data analytics and artificial intelligence to drive their digital transformation endeavours. This study emphasises that readiness and maturity dimensions offer descriptive and prescriptive guidelines for gauging the current and desired levels of preparedness and maturity required to achieve desired digital transformation outcomes. However, prevailing readiness and maturity models overlook the diverse stages of advancement in big data analytics and artificial intelligence. This research explores the dimensions essential for assessing SMEs' readiness to adopt big data analytics and artificial intelligence. This paper identifies the key dimensions for evaluating SMEs' readiness and maturity across different categories of big data analytics and artificial intelligence by conducting a systematic literature review and employing cluster analysis. The study's principal findings underscore that SMEs' readiness for maturity is influenced prominently by strategic leadership and organisational culture, closely trailed by information technology, security, and business model transformation. Additionally, three pivotal dimensions encompass data analytics and governance, cost-benefit and risk management, and environmental factors. Consequently, proposing that evaluating digital readiness and maturity for SMEs should encompass these six dimensions, thoughtfully considering various prerequisites related to analytics and artificial intelligence.
Changes in numbers and biometrics in relation to season in sedentary Yellow-vented Balbul Pycnonotus xanthopygos at Eilat: a ringing study

The Yellow-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus xanthopygos is an abundant resident throughout Israel but no natural history and demographic studies on the species have been published to date. We analyzed the ringing data for eight years at the Bird Sanctuary of the International Birding and Research Centre in Eilat (IBRCE). We compared the changes in biometrics of the individuals that live in the desert region and their annual breeding cycle to that reported for other parts of Israel, as evidenced through the ringing data. During the 15 trapping seasons we caught a total of 1105 Yellow-vented Bulbuls. The largest numbers of Yellow-vented Bulbul ringed was in May in the spring and November in the autumn trapping period. Body mass and body condition index for adult birds were significantly lower in spring than in autumn. We suggest that the reduction in body mass is a result of the reproductive effort and is gradually improved through the summer and in autumn as a result of the lack of stress and abundance of fruits in the Bird Sanctuary. Conversely, juvenile body condition did not differ between seasons and is results of parental care during the spring and summer months and fruit abundance in the autumn. This study illustrates how ringing data from one location over many years can serve to understand the natural history and biological processes of sedentary species.
Image Enhancement Techniques using Retinex Method

There are often serious discrepancies existing between the images and the direct observation of the real scenes. The human perception has natures of dynamic range compression and color rendition on the scenes. It can compute the details across a large range of spectral and lightness variations. So it is color constant. By comparison, the recorded films and other electric cameras, have no such computations before the scenes are recorded in the dynamic range limited media. Even with wide dynamic range imaging systems, the recorded images will not be seen same as real observation. This is because the dynamic range compression for perception of the recorded images is weaker than that for the scene itself. This could be explained as that in the real world, the wider angular extent helps to improve the dynamic range compression. In this paper, we will implement SSR, MSR, and MSRCR with gain/offset. We adjust the gain/offset parameters to adjust most of the pixels values to display domain and clap small part of the values to improve the contrast. Comparisons with other image enhancement techniques are performed.
Disgust Sensitivity Is Primarily Associated With Purity-Based Moral Judgments

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Two-player Domino games

We introduce a 2-player game played on an infinite grid, initially empty, where each player in turn chooses a vertex and colours it. The first player aims to create some pattern from a target set, while the second player aims to prevent it. We study the problem of deciding which player wins, and prove that it is undecidable. We also consider a variant where the turn order is not alternating but given by a balanced word, and we characterise the decidable and undecidable cases.
EFFECTS OF RAPID SALINITY CHANGE ON SUBMERSED AQUATIC PLANTS

of Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science EFFECTS OF RAPID SALINITY CHANGE ON SUBMERSED AQUATIC PLANTS By Chanda Jones Littles August 2005 Chair: Thomas K. Frazer Major Department: Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Tropical storms and hurricanes affect pronounced, although acute, changes in the salinity of Florida’s many tidally influenced streams and rivers. I examined the responses of Vallisneria americana, Myriophyllum spicatum and Hydrilla verticillata to rapid salinity change to better understand how a dynamic salinity regime can affect macrophyte assemblages. Though this study focused on several key plants that occur in Kings Bay, Florida, results are likely to be applicable to a large number of tidally influenced systems. Macrophytes were exposed to salinities of 5, 15 or 25 ‰ for 1, 2, or 7 days. Following exposure, plants were allowed to recover in freshwater for 28 days. Growth response measurements were then recorded. Plants subjected to salinities of 5 ‰, regardless of exposure period, exhibited no significant responses in growth related measures. Hydrilla verticillata exhibited 100% mortality at 15 and 25 ‰, irrespective of exposure duration. Relative to controls, M. spicatum and V. americana exhibited declines in growth at 15 ‰ after 1 and 2 day exposures; both exhibited significant mortality after a 7 day exposure.
Polarized protein trafficking and disease

Background & Aims: Hepatocyte polarity is essential for the development of bile canaliculi and transport of bile and waste products such as copper safely out of the liver. Genetically inherited defects in polarized processes can cause severe diseases. Functional studies of autologous mutated proteins in the context of the polarized hepatocyte have been challenging because of the lack of appropriate cell models. The aim of this study was to obtain a patient–specific hepatocyte model that recapitulated hepatocyte polarity and to employ this model to study endoge - nous mutant proteins in liver diseases that involve hepatocyte polarity. Methods: Patients’ and control subjects’ urine cell-derived pluripotent stem cells were dif - ferentiated towards hepatocyte-like cells. Results: Polarized hepatocyte-like cells (hiHeps) that formed in vivo -like bile canaliculi could be generated from embry - onic and patient urine cell-derived pluripotent stem cells. HiHeps recapitulated polarized protein trafficking processes, exemplified by the Cu 2+ -induced redistri - bution of the copper transporter protein ATP7B to the bile canalicular domain. We demonstrated that, in contrast to the current dogma, the most frequent yet enig - matic Wilson disease-causing ATP7B-H1069Q mutation per se did not preclude trafficking of ATP7B to the trans -Golgi Network. Instead, it prevented its Cu 2+ -in- duced polarized redistribution to the bile canalicular domain, unrepairable by pharmacological folding chaperones. Finally, we demonstrate that hiHeps from a MEDNIK disease patient suffering from liver copper overload of unclear etiology showed no defect in the Cu 2+ -induced redistribution of ATP7B to the bile canalic - uli. Conclusions: Functional cell polarity can be achieved in patient pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocyte like cells, and allow for the first time the study of the endogenous mutant proteins, patient-specific pathogenesis and drug responses for diseases where hepatocyte polarity is a key aspect.
Consistency : Logic-Based Approaches Problem set # 2

ECFDs are a minor extension of CFDs by incorporating inequality. An ECFD has the same form (R(X → Y ), Tp) as a CFD, except that its pattern tableau Tp may contain either a constant c, an unnamed variable ‘ ’, or a “literal” c̄ for a constant c. Revise the match operation as follows: η1 matches η2 if either η2 is ‘ ’, or η1 = c if η2 = c, or η1 6= c if η2 = c̄. Similarly, we define how a data tuple matches a pattern tuple. The semantics of ECFDs is defined along the same lines as CFDs with the revised “match” operation. Show that the implication problem for ECFDs is coNP-complete.
On the Terwilliger algebra of the group association scheme of $C_n \rtimes C_2$

In 1992, Terwilliger introduced the notion of the \emph{Terwilliger algebra} in order to study association schemes. The Terwilliger algebra of an association scheme $\mathcal{A}$ is the subalgebra of the complex matrix algebra, generated by the \emph{Bose-Mesner algebra} of $\mathcal{A}$ and its dual idempotents with respect to a point $x$. In [{\em Kyushu Journal of Mathematics}, 49(1):93--102, 1995] Bannai and Munemasa determined the dimension of the Terwilliger algebra of abelian groups and dihedral groups, by showing that they are triply transitive (i.e., triply regular and dually triply regular). In this paper, we give a generalization of their results to the group association scheme of semidirect products of the form $C_n\rtimes C_2$, where $C_m$ is a cyclic group of order $m\geq 2$. Moreover, we will give the complete characterization of the Wedderburn components of the Terwilliger algebra of these groups.
BIOMASS TO ENERGY IN THAILAND: AN INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE CHALLENGE OF VERY SMALL PROJECTS IN CHIANG RAI

Mishandling of agricultural and forestry residues can lead to environmental and health threats. During the summer months, open burning of these materials in the ASEAN countries worsened the smog and haze crisis in the region. Converting this biomass into modern forms of energy such as electricity and heat can contribute to the reduction of hotspots under the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution and strengthen the energy security in the region. However, despite the seemingly abundance of the waste materials and favorable policy stimulus from national governments, the development of biomass-to-energy (BtE) plants in the region has not been that promising. For example, Chiang Rai which has the largest biomass potential in the North of Thailand has only one BtE power plant in Wiang Kean District with a capacity of merely 0.13 MW. This study aims at understanding the institutional factors influencing the adoption of BtE by contrasting two cases of very small BtE projects (less than 10 MW) in Chiang Rai, Thailand. The multi-case design employs and triangulates data from various sources including documentary study, field observations, and qualitative interviews to understand the implementation procedures of BtE projects, and resources and perceptions of stakeholders in Ban Jam Pong Moo 5, Wiang Kean and Ban Trikeaw Moo 8, Wiang Chai. The Wiang Kean project has been successfully built and operated since 2008. On the other hand, the project in Wiang Chai the proposal of which had been drawn up in 2010 with the planned capacity of 9.4 MW has struggled to gain public acceptance and not been materialized. The 5Ps framework is constructed to explain whether and how the Partnerships between Public, Private, People and Professional actors contribute to the successful delivery of the BtE projects. The analysis identifies gaps in the formal institution and outlines the partnerships between the four sectors that can be critical to the success of very small BtE projects.
System Improvement on Late Delivery Service of Online Delivery Business

In this paper, the researcher observed the delivery performance of a local "delivery service business. " Upon observation, it shows that considerable numbers of late delivery are the central problem, and the study addresses it by determining the leading root cause that highly contributes to the problem. The researchers manually recorded raw data used in this study upon observing the company's daily operation in the set time frame. Also, the administration was interviewed and customer feedback was gathered. In analyzing the ultimate root cause of late delivery, different root cause analysis tools were used in this study: a fishbone diagram for the general root causes, a five whys analysis, and a scatterplot diagram for determining the primary root cause. Results from the RCA tools concluded that delays caused by the store are the root cause that highly contributes to the late delivery of the business. For the recommendation, the study designed a new delivery process to minimize the number of delays caused by stores and to increase the success rate in meeting the customers' expected arrival time. This study used a mixture of quantitative and qualitative design.