Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Late-life depression and multimorbidity trajectories: the role of symptom complexity and severity

Abstract Introduction as late-life depression is associated with poor somatic health, we aimed to investigate the role of depression severity and symptom phenotypes in the progression of somatic multimorbidity. Methods we analysed data from 3,042 dementia-free individuals (60+) participating in the population-based Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen. Using the baseline clinical assessment of 21 depressive symptoms from the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale, we: (i) diagnosed major, minor (in accordance with DSM-IV-TR) and subsyndromal depression; (ii) extracted symptom phenotypes by applying exploratory network graph analysis. Somatic multimorbidity was measured as the number of co-occurring chronic diseases over a 15-year follow-up. Linear mixed models were used to explore somatic multimorbidity trajectories in relation to baseline depression diagnoses and symptom phenotypes, while accounting for sociodemographic and behavioural factors. Results in multi-adjusted models, relative to individuals without depression, those with major (β per year: 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06–0.61) and subsyndromal depression (β per year: 0.21, 95%CI: 0.12–0.30) experienced an accelerated rate of somatic multimorbidity accumulation, whereas those with minor depression did not. We identified affective, anxiety, cognitive, and psychomotor symptom phenotypes from the network analysis. When modelled separately, an increase in symptom score for each phenotype was associated with faster multimorbidity accumulation, although only the cognitive phenotype retained its association in a mutually adjusted model (β per year: 0.07, 95%CI: 0.03–0.10). Conclusions late-life major and subsyndromal depression are associated with accelerated somatic multimorbidity. Depressive symptoms characterised by a cognitive phenotype are linked to somatic health change in old age.
Effect of food restriction on survival and reproduction of a termite

Food availability affects the trade‐off between maintenance and reproduction in a wide range of organisms, but its effects on social insects remain poorly understood. In social insects, the maintenance‐reproduction trade‐off seems to be absent in individuals but may appear at the colony level, although this is rarely investigated. In this study, we restricted food availability in a termite species to test how it affects survival and reproduction, both at the individual and colony level. Using Bayesian multivariate response models, we found very minor effects of food restriction on the survival of queens, individual workers or on the colonies. In contrast, queen fecundity was significantly reduced, whereas colony‐level fecundity (i.e., the number of dispersing alates, future reproductives) increased under food restriction as workers gave up cooperation within the colony and became alates that dispersed. Our study shows that life‐history trade‐offs can be mitigated by individuals' social behaviours in social organisms.
Strength effects in diamond under shock compression from 0.1 to 1 TPa

R. S. McWilliams,1,2,* J. H. Eggert,2 D. G. Hicks,2 D. K. Bradley,2 P. M. Celliers,2 D. K. Spaulding,1 T. R. Boehly,3 G. W. Collins,2 and R. Jeanloz1 1Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California–Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA 2Physics Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA 3Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA Received 3 October 2009; published 22 January 2010
Sindbis virus is suppressed in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti by ATG-6/Beclin-1 mediated activation of autophagy

Autophagy is a critical modulator of pathogen invasion response in vertebrates and invertebrates. However, how it affects mosquito-borne viral pathogens that significantly burden public health remains underexplored. To address this gap, we use a genetic approach to activate macroautophagy/autophagy in the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti), infected with a recombinant Sindbis virus (SINV) expressing an autophagy activator. We first demonstrate a 17- amino acid peptide derived from the Ae. aegypti autophagy-related protein 6 (ATG-6/beclin-1-like protein) is sufficient to induce autophagy in C6/36 mosquito cells, as marked by lipidation of ATG- 8 and puncta formation. Next, we engineered a recombinant SINV expressing this bioactive beclin- 1-like peptide and used it to infect and induce autophagy in adult mosquitoes. We find that modulation of autophagy using this recombinant SINV negatively regulated production of infectious viruses. The results from this study improve our understanding of the role of autophagy in arboviruses in invertebrate hosts and also highlight the potential for the autophagy pathway to be exploited for arboviral control.
Elemental abundances of the broad absorption-line gas of quasars

It is shown here that a large enhancement (greater than 2) of the abundances of heavy elements over solar values may not be necessary to explain the observed strengths of the broad absorption lines of quasars. Even through the C IV 1549-A, N V 1240-A, Si IV 1397-A, and Mg II 2798-A opacities are smaller than the Ly-alpha opacity, their absorptions, as compared with that of Ly-alpha, can be much stronger than what are expected based on the opacity ratios. This possibility arises if the absorption occurs in a clumpy flow in which the Ly-alpha opacity through a cloudlet is large but the cloudlets do not completely cover the background source, while the doublet nature of the C IV, N V, Si IV, and Mg II transitions provides a greater coverage in velocity space for those transitions. It is also found that there is a stronger filling-in of the Ly-alpha absorption. Due to recombination and cascade following Lyman-continuum photoionization, collisional excitation, and other processes, the filling-in of the Ly-alpha absorption is about twice as much as what is expected from resonance scattering alone. 23 refs.
Continuous and pulsed room temperature lasing behaviour at 1.55 μm on high quality factor photonic crystal microcavities

In this work we show room temperature continuous (CW) lasing at 1.5 μm in photonic crystal microcavities with a single layer of self-assembled quantum wires (QWRs). Low threshold values in the range of 1-20 μW (depending on the excitation type, pulsed or CW) have been measured, along high quality factors exceeding Q=55000 using L7-type photonic crystal microcavities. Solid-source molecular beam epitaxy has been used for the synthesis of the InP/InAs epitaxial material comprising a single layer of InAs QWRs. The main axis of the cavity is always parallel to the QWRs, which are more than 1ìm in length along the [1-10] direction. No lasing has been obtained for L7 cavities with axis parallel to the [110] (i.e., perpendicular to the direction of the QWRs), showing the strong one-dimensional character of the QWRs inside the photonic cavity. Under inhomogeneous pulsed excitation the lasing spectra show asymmetric lineshapes and peak splittings first in the μeV and later in the meV ranges as the excitation power is increased.
Frictional drag reduction in bubbly Couette–Taylor flow

Frictional drag reduction due to the presence of small bubbles is investigated experimentally using a Couette–Taylor flow system; i.e., shear flow between concentric cylinders. Torque and bubble behavior are measured as a function of Reynolds number up to Re=5000 while air bubbles are injected constantly and rise through an array of vortical cells. Silicone oil is used to avoid the uncertain interfacial property of bubbles and to produce nearly monosized bubble distributions. The effect of drag reduction on sensitivity and power gain are assessed. The sensitivity exceeds unity at Re<2000, proving that the effect of the reduction in drag is greater than that of the reduction in mixture density. This is due to the accumulation of bubbles toward the rotating inner cylinder, which is little affected by turbulence. The power gain, which is defined by the power saving from the drag reduction per the pumping power of bubble injection, has a maximum value of O(10) at higher Re numbers around 2500. An image proces.
Strong source VLBI observations at 22 GHz

Twenty-six strong high-frequency radio sources have been observed at 22.3 GHz on interferometer baselines of approximately 500 million wavelengths. Twenty-five were detected, and 14 have mean visibilities over 50 percent. The strongest sources as a group are more heavily resolved than the weaker sources. 6 references.
An Approximation Method for the Backward Scattering of Light by a Soft Spherical Obstacle

Abstract The optical analogue of a formula by Reading and Bassichis for the backscattering of a high-energy scalar wave by a square-well potential has been examined. In optical scattering, this corresponds to the problem of the back-scattering of light by a homogeneous spherical particle. Numerical checks with the Mie theory are presented for various values of the refractive index and size parameter. The formula is found to reproduce some scattering features extremely well for intermediate-size soft particles.
Enhancement of modulation bandwidth in InGaAs strained‐layer single quantum well lasers

It is shown that the unique properties of strained‐layer quantum well lasers can be identified by measuring the relaxation oscillation frequency as a function of optical gain. These measurements are insensitive to effects due to nonradiative recombinations and leakage currents, which can mask the beneficial effects in terms of a lower threshold current due to a reduced hole mass in strained quantum wells. The conclusion, both theoretically and experimentally, is that strained‐layer quantum well lasers have a higher differential gain but saturate at a lower gain level as compared to regular quantum well lasers. As a consequence, for a strained single quantum well, slightly higher relaxation oscillation frequency results, but only for certain limited ranges of device parameters. A multiple strained‐layer quantum well can in theory take better advantage of the higher differential gain.
Moduli of Smoothness Related to Fractional Riesz-Derivatives

New moduli of smoothness ω〈β〉(f, δ)p, 0 < β < 1, related to the Riesz derivative of order β are introduced. Their properties are studied in Lp-spaces of 2π-periodic functions for 0 < p ≤ +∞. The modulus ω〈β〉(f, δ)p is shown to be equivalent to the polynomial K-functional associated with the corresponding Riesz derivative. As a consequence direct Jackson-type and inverse Bernstein-type estimates are proved, the quality of approximation by methods generated by Riesz kernels is described in terms of the these moduli.
Model ecosystem with variable interspecies interactions

Model ecosystems with quenched, symmetric interspecies interactions have been extensively studied using the replica method of the statistical mechanics of disordered systems. Here, we consider a more general scenario in which both the species abundances and the interspecies interactions change with time, albeit in widely separated timescales. The equilibrium of the coupled dynamics is studied analytically within the partial annealing framework, in which the number of replicas n takes on positive as well as negative values. In the case n > 0, which describes ecosystems characterized by the cooperative interspecies interactions, we find a discontinuous transition to a regime of zero diversity, whereas in the case where competition prevails, n < 0, we find that the species diversity is maximum.
Bialgebra Cohomology of the Duals of a Class of Generalized Taft Algebras

We compute explicitly the bialgebra cohomology of the duals of the generalized Taft algebras, which are noncommutative, noncocommutative finite-dimensional Hopf algebras. In order to do this, we use an identification of this cohomology with an Ext algebra (Taillefer, 2004a) and a result describing the Drinfeld double of the dual of a generalized Taft algebra up to Morita equivalence (Erdmann et al., 2006).
A Series Connection Scheme of Iterative Learning Control Based on Disturbance Observer

In order to reject non-repetitive disturbance and improve the performance of iterative learning control, a series connection of feedback controller and ILC system with disturbance observer is presented. The random disturbance and uncertain model in ILC are studied. The simulation experiments indicate that DOB can reject non-disturbance and decrease the affect of uncertain model in ILC. The system is verified to be effective for promoting tracking performance and rejecting the non-repetitive disturbance in ILC.
A Printed 2.4 GHz/5.8 GHz Dual-Band Monopole Antenna with a Protruding Stub in the Ground Plane for WLAN and RFID Applications

The design of a simple microstrip fed folded strip monopole antenna (FSMA) with a protruding stub in the ground plane for the application in WLAN and RFID is presented. The antenna has two resonant paths, one in the radiating element (folded strip) and the other in the protruding stub of the ground plane. It supports two resonances at 2.4 GHz and 5.81 GHz, which are the center frequencies of WLAN and RFID. Effectively consistent radiation pattern and large percentage bandwidth have been observed. The measured percentage fractional bandwidth at 2.4 GHz (2.05 GHz to 2.86 GHz) is 32.99, and the percentage fractional bandwidth at 5.81 GHz (5.55 GHz to 6.14GHz) is 10.11. The proposed antenna is simple and compact in size, providing broadband impedance matching, consistent radiation pattern and appropriate gain characteristics in the WLAN and RFID frequency regions.
RF spectrum of a carrier with a random phase modulation of arbitrary slope

In this paper we review the theory concerning the radiofrequency (RF) spectrum of a carrier phase modulated by a stochastic process with spectral density of the type |ω|−α and 0 ⩽ α < 3. This problem is of particular interest in the fields of atomic frequency standards and, in general, in high resolution spectroscopy. We also extend the theory to non-integer slopes (α real) and examine the role of the low-pass filter shape in the RF lineshape, pointing out the peculiar behaviour of the Lorentzian filter. The singular features of the RF spectrum in the case of flicker phase noise are examined as well as the lineshape in the high- and low-noise limits. Analytical expressions for the RF spectrum are also given in terms of special functions for the white phase, flicker phase and white frequency noises.
Dismantling the pathophysiology of asthma using imaging

Asthma remains an important disease worldwide, causing high burden to patients and healthcare systems and presenting a need for better management and ultimately prevention and cure. Asthma is a very heterogeneous condition, with many different pathophysiological processes. Better measurement of those pathophysiological processes are needed to better phenotype disease, and to go beyond the current, highly limited measurements that are currently used: spirometry and symptoms. Sophisticated three-dimensional lung imaging using computed tomography and ventilation imaging (single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography) and magnetic resonance imaging and methods of lung imaging applicable to asthma research are now highly developed. The body of current evidence suggests that abnormalities in structure and ventilatory function measured by imaging are clinically relevant, given their associations with disease severity, exacerbation risk and airflow obstruction. Therefore, lung imaging is ready for more widespread use in clinical trials and to become part of routine clinical assessment of asthma. “A picture says a thousand words”: three-dimensional imaging has shown the varied and complex nature of the derangement in structure and function in asthma. As such, imaging is crucial to developing new asthma treatments and improving asthma management. http://ow.ly/KEqH30nY4Yc
Transient free‐surface flow of a viscoelastic fluid in a narrow channel

The interplay between inertia and elasticity is examined for transient free‐surface flow inside a narrow channel. The lubrication theory is extended for the flow of viscoelastic fluids of the Oldroyd‐B type (consisting of a Newtonian solvent and a polymeric solute). While the general formulation accounts for non‐linearities stemming from inertia effects in the momentum conservation equation, and the upper‐convected terms in the constitutive equation, only the front movement contributes to non‐linear coupling for a flow inside a straight channel. In this case, it is possible to implement a spectral representation in the depthwise direction for the velocity and stress. The evolution of the flow field is obtained locally, but the front movement is captured only in the mean sense. The influence of inertia, elasticity and viscosity ratio is examined for pressure‐induced flow. The front appears to progress monotonically with time. However, the velocity and stress exhibit typically a strong overshoot upon inception, accompanied by a plug‐flow behaviour in the channel core. The flow intensity eventually diminishes with time, tending asymptotically to Poiseuille conditions. For highly elastic liquids the front movement becomes oscillatory, experiencing strong deceleration periodically. A multiple‐scale solution is obtained for fluids with no inertia and small elasticity. Comparison with the exact (numerical) solution indicates a wide range of validity for the analytical result. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of hydration on the mechanical response of individual collagen fibrils

Collagen fibrils prepared from bovine Achilles tendon have been mechanically tested through nanoindentation by an atomic force microscope using force volume analysis. In ambient conditions where the fibrils are expected to be dehydrated, the elastic modulus was determined to be 1.9±0.5GPa, while under aqueous fluid, it decreased by three orders of magnitude to 1.2±0.1MPa. In air, fibril fracture occurred along the axis and the crack lengths were quantized to the D-banding periodicity. The apparent hardness of the fibrils was estimated to be in the range of 0.35–0.6GPa.
Adapting EMAP3D to parallel processing [for EM launcher modelling]

EMAP3D (Electromechanical Analysis Program in Three Dimensions) is a single-processor (serial) program that uses finite element (FE) methods to solve coupled electromagnetic, thermal and structural problems for high velocity conductors in transient electromagnetic fields. Its primary application has been the simulation of electromagnetic launchers and pulsed rotating machines. While ETVAP3D has been applied successfully to a wide range of problems, its serial execution time limits the achievement of finer detail in large problems, even on high performance vector machines. The present class of production simulations, involving 100,000 unknowns, can take a week to complete on time-sharing machines at computation centers. To reduce simulation time, a parallel implementation of the EMAPSD program has been undertaken. While vector parallel programming is straightforward and a reasonable approach, access to more than 16 vector processors is limited. The availability, low cost, and scalability of massively parallel processing (MPP) make MPP computing more attractive than vector-parallel processing. The number of MPP processors on PC Beowulf clusters usually ranges from 8 to 100 and can be as high as several thousand on IBM (SP) and Gray (T3E) systems. The authors have decoupled the matrix generation and solution components of the FE algorithm, thereby allowing us to use any of the new MPP-parallel solvers on the matrix equations. Since the number of zero matrix elements is high for EMAPSD problems, a sparse matrix solver is ideal. Hence, their parallel implementation uses the sparse iterative solvers of PETSc (Portable Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computing). Here, they report the performance, scalability and use of PETSc preconditioners and solver algorithms as a "solution engine" for real EMAP3D simulations and test cases.
Tritium to deuterium ratio measurement by collective Thomson scattering

A technique is proposed for the determination of the tritium to deuterium density ratio in ITER using collective Thomson scattering at a wavelength of 10 μm. The measurement is made by viewing the component of scattered laser power nearly perpendicular to the magnetic field giving rise to ion cyclotron modulation of the scattered spectrum. The tritium/deuterium ratio may be inferred by a deconvolution of the scattered laser power. Due to the narrow bandwidth of the scattered signal and the spatially varying magnetic field, a narrowband heterodyne imaging array receiver will be required to observe the scattered spectrum.
Multiwavelength Laser Comb in L-Band Region with Dual-Cavity Brillouin/Erbium Fiber Laser

A dual-cavity Brillouin/erbium fiber laser (BEFL) demonstrates a multiwavelength output in the L-band region. The system consists of two erbium-doped fiber lasers (EDFLs) that share a length of the single-mode fiber (SMF) to produce a bidirectional Stokes signal. 2×10 lines including the anti-Stokes line with 22 GHz of wavelength spacing are obtained with maximum Brillouin and 980 nm pump powers of 4.8 mW and 92 mW, respectively. The BEFL has a broad tuning range greater than 10 nm. The laser comb has a potential application in future wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems.
Online Rainfall Atlas of Hawai‘i

nteraction among trade winds,terrain, land thermal effects, andthe trade-wind inversion give theHawaiian Islands one of the mostvaried rainfall patterns on Earth.Distinct, persistent patterns of upliftlead to dramatic rainfall gradientsand, together with elevation-relatedtemperature differences, producenearly the full range of climate types.This microcosm of global environ-mental diversity provides a uniquenatural laboratory for world-classresearch on topics such as terres-trial ecosystem carbon dynamics, soilgeochemistry, and the mechanics ofspecies invasion. Knowledge of meanrainfall patterns in Hawai'i is criticallyimportant in support of these researchendeavors as well as for managing andprotecting groundwater and surfacewater resources, controlling and eradicating invasivespecies, protecting and restoring native ecosystems,and planning for the effects of global climate change.The Rainfall Atlas of Hawai'i is a set of digitalmaps of the spatial patterns of 1978-2007 meanmonthly and annual rainfall for the major Hawaiian
LINEAR REGRESSION APPLIED TO SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION FOR ADAPTIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS

The purpose of this paper is to describe a method of process identification using a linear regression technique and to indicate how this method may be applied to adaptive control systems. The unknown system parameters are considered as additional state variables. Estimates of system parameters as well as the system state are made from noise-contaminated data. Differential equations with random forcing functions describing the parameter variations are adjoined to the system of differential equations describing the process. The estimation of the error is assumed to propagate linearly about the current estimates, which are updated as new data are received.