Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emissions of Aerial Pollutants in Livestock Buildings in Northern Europe: Overview of a Multinational Project

Abstract The principal object of this project was to undertake a large survey of the emissions of aerial pollutants within and from livestock buildings in Northern Europe. Measurements of aerial pollutants were made using common methods which were developed in the first year of the project. This allowed reliable comparisons to be made between results from different countries, species and types of building. The survey covered pigs, cattle and poultry and the major housing types. A total of 329 livestock buildings were surveyed. All the results are described in the accompanying papers in this issue. High concentrations of ammonia, airborne dust, endotoxin and microorganisms were measured in poultry and some pig houses: air quality was acceptable in cattle houses in terms of animal health. These burdens of aerial pollutants cause some concern because of their potentially harmful effects on human and animal health. Atmospheric ammonia is an important pollutant of the atmosphere and its rates of emission per animal housed were highest from cattle buildings. Measures based on husbandry and engineering techniques should be taken to reduce these emissions.
Survival analysis of broilers in two poultry farms in Kaloleni Sub County

This research is about a survival analysis on broilers in two poultry farms in Kaloleni sub-county. Chapter one gives an insight into the introduction of the paper, chapter two discusses the methodology used, chapter three gives the results, chapter four discusses the findings briefly and chapter five gives the conclusions arrived at and some recommendations.
Fabrication Engineering at the Micro and Nanoscale

1. An Introduction to Microelectronic Fabrication 2. Semiconductor Substrates 3. Diffusion 4. Thermal Oxidation 5. Ion Implantation 6. Rapid Thermal Processing 7. Optical Lithography 8. Photoresists 9. Nonoptical Lithographic Techniques 10. Vacuum Science and Plasmas 11 . Etching 12. Physical Deposition: Evaporation and Sputtering 13. Chemical Vapor Deposition 14. Epitaxial Growth 15. Device Isolation, Contacts, and Metallization 16. CMOS Technologies 17. Other Transistor Technologies 18. Optoelectronic Technologies 19. MEMS. 20. Integrated Circuit Manufacturing Acronyms and Common Symbols Properties of Selected Semiconductor Materials Physical Constants Conversion Factors Some properties of the Error Function F Values Index
Characterization of a highly sensitive ultra-thin piezoresistive silicon cantilever probe and its application in gas flow velocity sensing

We present a highly sensitive ultra-thin micromachined silicon cantilever beam with an integrated strain gauge on its root for optimizing piezoresistive readout. The mechanical characteristics and electrical readout of the cantilever beam, such as spring constant, resonant frequencies and piezoresistive sensitivity, are theoretically given from the derived formulae or from finite element modeling. The results of characterization show reasonably good agreement between the experimental results and the theoretical values. As one of the applications, for the first time the fabricated silicon cantilever beams have been applied to measure airflow velocity distribution in a steel pipe with an inner diameter of 7.0 mm. The experimental piezoresistive sensitivity (ΔR/R)/y(0) is in the range of 0.23–2.89 × 10−6 nm−1 in the beam bending tests, and the experimental flow sensitivity (ΔR/R)/Vgas2 is in the range of 0.652–4.489 × 10−5 (m s−1)−2 in the airflow velocity tests. The experimental detectable minimum airflow velocity is 7.0 cm s−1, which is comparable to that of a hot wire anemometer.
Supply Chain Logistics Management

Part 1 establishes the strategic importance of logistics to achieving business success by creating value throughout domestic and global supply chains. The initial chapter scopes the current business attention to supply chain management. The supply chain provides the framework within which logistical strategies are developed and executed. Logistics, the primary topic of this book, is introduced in Chapter 2. The concept of integrated logistics is developed by discussing the ways specific work tasks combine to support customer relationship management, manufacturing, and procurement. Chapter 3 describes the importance of customer relationship management to successful logistics. The value created by logistics can serve as a powerful driver of customer success. Chapter 4 discusses procurement. Chapter 5 provides an overview of 21st century manufacturing. The combination of customer accommodation, procurement, and manufacturing represents the supply chain operational areas that are linked and supported by logistics. Chapter 6 presents an overview of information technology that is specifically applicable to supply chain logistics. One of the key challenges in integrated supply chain management is cross-functional and cross-enterprise planning and operational implementation.
Reinforced Concrete Beams with Plates Glued to their Soffits

Reinforced concrete beams can be strengthened and stiffened by gluing steel plates to the tension face of the beam. However, experimental tests show that shear and flexural forces can cause these externally bonded plates to peel away before the design load is reached. In this paper, peeling due to shear forces and the interaction between shear peeling and flexural peeling is studied, and the results are used to formulate a design procedure to prevent debonding due to peeling for reinforced concrete beams that have been strengthened or stiffened by gluing steel plates to their soffits. It is shown that this system is better suited for the strengthening of reinforced concrete slabs than reinforced concrete beams, although it enhances the serviceability requirements of both types of structures.
Reductive dehalogenase gene biomarkers differentiate 1,1,1-trichloroethane from 1,1-dichloroethane dechlorination in microcosms and at a field site treated with granular ZVI and guar gum

Abstract Chlorinated ethanes, such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA), are environmental pollutants frequently found in soil, groundwater and the atmosphere, and are commonly identified in many industrial contaminated sites. Removal of 1,1,1-TCA can be achieved via abiotic transformation or biodegradation by dechlorinating organisms such as Dehalobacter (Dhb). In this study, we analyzed samples from groundwater microcosms and an industrial site where a mixture of granular zero valent iron (ZVI) and guar gum was injected for 1,1,1-TCA remediation. Abiotic and biotic transformation products were monitored and microbial community changes were tracked using quantitative PCR (qPCR), with primers targeting the Dehalobacter 16S rRNA gene and two functional genes cfrA and dcrA encoding the reductive dehalogenases capable of converting 1,1,1-TCA to 1,1-dichloroethane (1,1-DCA) and 1,1-DCA to chloroethane (CA), respectively. The abundance of genes targeted by the cfrA and dcrA qPCR primers tracked dechlorination activity in a highly consistent and specific manner. The two reductive dechlorination steps were catalyzed by two distinct Dehalobacter populations harboring two closely related but distinct reductive dehalogenase genes. Using cell yields established in microcosms along with Dhb 16S rRNA, Dhb cfrA- and dcrA-like gene copies in site samples, the biotic component of 1,1,1-TCA transformation at a complex field site was estimated.
Research on Decision Framework for Multi-Hazard Resilient and Sustainable Buildings

Based on the analysis of the evaluation indexes of high sustainable buildings in the developed countries, the evaluation index system of high resilient and sustainable buildings against multi-hazards are established. The decision framework of multi-hazard sustainable buildings is designed in three layers, which integrates the group decision-making theory, the optimization algorithm and the information management technology. It has the important significance for the decision mechanism of multi-hazard sustainable buildings.
Micronutrient and Phytic acid Contents of Wild Edible Fruits Collected from Temcha Watershed of Amhara Region (Ethiopia) to Combat Hidden Hunger

Abstracts Background: Locally available and easily accessible, underused complementary foods including wild edible fruit species are affordable and potentially more acceptable than other options to address the problem of ‘hidden hunger’ or micronutrient deficiency. Study aimed to collect and determine the nutritional composition of wild edible fruits with its bioavailability collected from Temcha watershed. Methods: Semi structured interviews were administered to collect all wild edible plants and its associated knowledge through the participation of informants systematically selected from six sub districts in the study area. Mineral and pyhtate content and molar ratio of phytate to mineral ratio were determined using standard methods. Results: Based on the total use value of all wild edible plants, the top 18 wild edible fruits were selected for dietary analysis. The zinc contents of the analyzed fruits were ranged in between 0.06 ± 0.02 mg/100g -88.89 ± 0.42 mg/100g. The iron content of the analyzed fruits were ranged in between 5.84 ±0.00 mg/100 g – 148 ± 0.93 mg/100g and the calcium contents were in between 53.25 ± 0.45 mg/100g – 1280 ± 0.77 mg/100g. The phytate content of each fruits were ranged in between 6.9 ± 0.00 mg/100g – 51.4 ± 0.04 mg/100g. Conclusions: Combination of Ficus sycomorus and either of all wild edible fruits satisfy the daily-recommended allowance of calcium for male and female age 10-18 (1300 mg/100 g). Almost all WEFs provides optimum amount of iron for Children up to 10 years required 11.6 – 17.8 mg / day except Embelia schimperi, Ficus sur, Rossa abyssinica, Rubus studinary & Ximenia americana. The different amount of zinc (0.66 - 89 mg /100 g) contributes to control progressive stunting in children in the study area. The phytate concentrations of wild edible fruits do not have a negative impact on the bioavailability of calcium, iron and zinc. The micronutrient content of wild edible fruits provided a lot of contribution for the study area communities and those who shared similar feeding culture elsewhere in the country. Key words: Micronutrients, temcha watershed, wild edible fruits,
Particle Swarm Optimization MPPT Method for PV Materials in Partial Shading

Today, the large-scale Photovoltaic (PV) power system, connected to grid, is in their advanced development stage and is extremely interest in whole world. The real large-scale PV array can be partially shaded by the shadow of building, cloud, bird and dirt. The output characteristic of PV materials in partially shaded conditions is strong nonlinear, and there are multi local peaks in output power voltage curve, and the only one real peak exists in these local peaks. Certainly, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method is very important to extract the as much as possible energy from the costly PV materials. The variant weight Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method is proposed to track the real peak by using the excellent multi-peak value optimization characteristic of PSO algorithm. The simulation results shows that the proposed PSO method can improve the response speed and output efficiency of PV materials in partial shading as compared to the conventional Incremental conductance (IC) method.
Investigations of bipolar magnetotransistor

(BMT) with well. Investigation by the modem two-dimensional TCAD of the volume SRH-recombination are studied of the lateral bipolar magnetotransistor with the diffusion well for the physicists of working and high sensitivity designs. Magnetic field effect create volume concentration-recombination mechanism of the current negative sensitivity. For raising sensitivity is conduct study of series lateral bipolar magnetotransistor with base in well. Joining the contacts of base and well creates a threshold of operating, negative magnetosensitivity, growing of sensitivity in weak magnetic field. Transistor can serve the generator electron-hole plasma. Device has volumetric generation-recombination mechanism of sensitivity, new principle of getting maximum relative sensitivity on the current 2000 1/T in the magnetic field of the Earth.
MSTS - Multiphase Subsurface Transport Simulator theory manual

The US Department of Energy, through the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project Office, has designated the Yucca Mountain site in Nevada for detailed study as the candidate US geologic repository for spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste. Site characterization will determine the suitability of the Yucca Mountain site for the potential waste repository. If the site is determined suitable, subsequent studies and characterization will be conducted to obtain authorization from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to construct the potential waste repository. A principal component of the characterization and licensing processes involves numerically predicting the thermal and hydrologic response of the subsurface environment of the Yucca Mountain site to the potential repository over a 10,000-year period. The thermal and hydrologic response of the subsurface environment to the repository is anticipated to include complex processes of countercurrent vapor and liquid migration, multiple-phase heat transfer, multiple-phase transport, and geochemical reactions. Numerical simulators based on mathematical descriptions of these subsurface phenomena are required to make numerical predictions of the thermal and hydrologic response of the Yucca Mountain subsurface environment The engineering simulator called the Multiphase Subsurface Transport Simulator (MSTS) was developed at the request of the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project Office to produce numerical predictions of subsurface flow and transport phenomena at the potential Yucca Mountain site. This document delineates the design architecture and describes the specific computational algorithms that compose MSTS. Details for using MSTS and sample problems are given in the {open_quotes}User`s Guide and Reference{close_quotes} companion document.
Factors affecting digestibility of South Indian white rice

Rice is a staple food of most Asian diets and a major contributor to high carbohydrate load. The objective of our study was to evaluate factors that affect digestibility of rice and corroborate in vitro estimated Glycaemic Index (GI) with clinically evaluated GI. We hypothesised that in vitro digestibility and thus estimation of GI may be impacted by multiple parameters including amylose content, particle size and method of cooking. In this study, a commonly consumed South Indian white rice variety, was evaluated for various factors that affect in vitro digestibility. Our results suggest amylose content and particle size of rice to be inversely related to digestibility and estimated Glycaemic Index (GI). Of the five different commonly followed consumer cooking methods tested, electric cooking method increased in vitro digestibility. GI was evaluated in fifty healthy volunteers with the selected variety cooked by an optimized method, showed a high GI of 70 ± 3 (SEM). This study thus extends the current knowledge on factors affecting in vitro digestibility of selected variety of rice and suggests an important role of consumer processing methods.
Innovative Work Environment, Internal Locus of Control and Intrinsic Job Satisfaction: Evidence from Bangladeshi Employees

Pecuniary reward and perquisites can satisfy employees extrinsically; however, employees become intrinsically satisfied if they are offered challenge and autonomy in their jobs. Thus, jobs can be tailored to increase workers’ intrinsic job satisfaction. Moreover, if employees of an organization are given an innovative work environment, then it can satisfy them intrinsically as well. A workplace is innovative if it allows employees to take new initiatives, to change the existing systems, and to do jobs in a new way that is more efficient than the existing one. However, these phenomena are related to employees with a high internal locus of control, a personality trait desirable to employers in many jobs. Given these theoretical backdrops, this paper studies the influence of innovative work environments on intrinsic job satisfaction of employees in Bangladeshi organizations. Data were collected from 304 employees working in Bangladeshi organizations to investigate these. The contribution of this paper is that the finding of this study can give deep insight and thus help them framing organizational policy and recruitment policy.
Parameter Estimation of Nonlinear Muskingum Models Based on OEPSO

In the past, various methods have been used to estimate the parameters in the nonlinear three-parameter Muskingum model to allow the model to more closely approximate a nonlinear relation compared to the original two-parameter Muskingum model. In this study, the particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the organizational evolutionary (OEPSO), which the evolutional operations are acted on organizations directly in the algorithm, and gained the global convergence ends through competition and cooperation, and overcome the shortcomings of the traditional PSO, is introduced. The OEPSO is proposed for the purpose of estimating the parameters of nonlinear Muskingum routing model. The performance of this approach is compared with other reported parameter estimation techniques. Results of the application of this approach to an example with high nonlinearity between storage and weighted-flow, show that the OEPSO approach is efficient in estimating parameters of the nonlinear routing models.
Spatio-Temporal Expression Profile of Mettl3/Mettl14 During Mouse Retina Development

S. Spatio-temporal expression profile of Mettl3/Mettl14 during mouse retina development. Int. J. Morphol. , 38(6) :1668-1675, 2020. SUMMARY: The Mettl3/Mettl14 methyltransferase complex installs the most ubiquitous internal mRNA modification-N6-methyladenosine (m6A). The vertebrate retina development is a multi-step process that requires fine-tuning of multiple cellular events, but very little is known about the potential function of Mettl3 and Mettl14 in this process. In this study, we demonstrated the spatio-temporal expression of Mettl3 and Mettl14 during retina development in mouse by quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence staining. We found that these two components of methyltransferase complex could be detected from the beginning of retina development; and the expression of Mettl3 and Mettl14 were gradually restricted to inner nuclear layer (INL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL); Double labeling showed that Mettl3 and Mettl14 had similar expression patterns in mature retinal INL and GCL. Overall, our spatio-temporal expression data provided the foundation for future research on the function of m6A modification in the retina development.
Realization of a coherent optical DPSK (differential phase-shift keying) heterodyne transmission system with 565 MBit/s at 1.064 μm

We describe the realization of an optical 565 Mbit/s DPSK heterodyne breadboard communication system at 1064 nm for experiments concerning future space applications. The optical transmitter is based on a diode-pumped Nd:YAG single mode TMC laser with 620 mW which has been offset-locked to a stable low power ring laser. Phase modulation is obtained by a LiNbO3 traveling wave modulator. The receiver frontend consists of two InGaAs PIN Photodiodes in a balanced configuration and a transimpedance amplifier. The IF of 1130 MHz (only twice the data rate) is stabilized by an AFC which is able to follow frequency deviations of more than 10 GHz. The DPSK encoder and the clock/data recovery unit is based on GaAs technology. The whole system works with a single 12 V power supply useful when performing outdoor experiments. To obtain a bit error rate of 10 exp -10, a received light power of less than -48 dBm is required.
The Thermoelectric Power of a Semiconducting Diamond

The thermoelectric power of a p-type semiconducting diamond has been measured in the temperature range 220°K to 700°K. After subtracting an electronic component, estimated from the previous Hall effect measurements on the sample, it has been possible to determine the phonon-drag component of the thermoelectric power. This component has been found to vary with temperature approximately as T-3.6, with a value of about 2.5 mv deg-1 at room temperature. The magnitude of the effect is of the order to be expected from the known behaviour of germanium and silicon.
RF single electron transistor readout amplifiers for superconducting astronomical detectors of X-ray to sub-mm wavelengths

We have made Radio-Frequency Single-Electron Transistors (RF-SETs) with large input gates, and tested performance and modes of operation with the goal of using such devices as on-chip amplifiers for a variety of high impedance cryogenic photodetectors. We achieved /spl ap/100 kHz of closed-loop bandwidth for charge-locked-loop and transimpedance amplifier feedback configurations, and have combined amplifier outputs using a form of wavelength division multiplexing. With our choice of SET junction resistance, a 0.5 fF input gate capacitance gave a cotunneling-degraded charge noise of 1/spl times/10/sup -4/ e//spl radic/Hz, but a fairly low input voltage noise of 30 nV//spl radic/Hz.
Simulation of drape behaviour of fabrics

In this paper a model is presented for the calculation by approximation of a drape test standardized in the textile industry. As woven fabric is of low thickness compared with the other dimensions, the fabric can be considered to be a two‐dimensional continuum. For the simulation model, the shell theory is taken as a basis. Simulating the drape behaviour presents a geometrically non‐linear field problem with considerable displacements.
Design, Analysis, and Measurements of an Antenna Structure for 2.4 GHz Wireless Applications

This paper reports measured results of a multielement antenna implementation, we constructed, that performs at 2.4 GHz ISM band. Particular emphasis was given to the scattering parameters and validation characterization of this antenna structure. The constructed multielement antenna that was studied in both azimuth and elevation planes consists of a number of printed dipoles with integrated baluns. Due to its multielement construction, the proposed antenna structure is suitable for applications that require multielements nature such as MIMO, channel sounder, and digital beamforming.