Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Condylar and ramal vertical asymmetry in patients with different vertical skeletal patterns

Abstract Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate condylar, ramal and condylar+ramal mandibular vertical asymmetry in a group of patients with different vertical skeletal patterns. Methods: Mandibular condylar and ramal measurements of 104 patients were performed on panoramic radiographic images and asymmetry indices were obtained according to the Habets’ formula. The study groups consisted of 35 hypodivergent, 34 normodivergent and 35 hyperdivergent patients. Data were statistically analysed by means of two-way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis and Pearson chi square tests. Results: Ramal height was significantly higher in the hypodivergent group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the vertical skeletal pattern groups in relation to the asymmetry indices (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Condylar asymmetry values were found to be higher than a 3% threshold value in all groups, but no significant differences were observed between the groups. The effect of the vertical skeletal pattern on vertical mandibular asymmetry was found to be insignificant.
Alternating Minimization Methods for Solving Multilinear Systems

<jats:p>Recent works on the multilinear system <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"> <mi mathvariant="script">A</mi> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold">x</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="bold">b</mi> </math> </jats:inline-formula> with an order-<jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"> <mi>m</mi> </math> </jats:inline-formula> and dimension-<jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"> <mi>n</mi> </math> </jats:inline-formula> tensor <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"> <mi mathvariant="script">A</mi> </math> </jats:inline-formula> and a vector <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"> <mi mathvariant="bold">b</mi> </math> </jats:inline-formula> of dimension-<jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"> <mi>n</mi> </math> </jats:inline-formula> have been motivated by their applications in data mining, numerical PDEs, tensor complementary problems, and so on. In this paper, we propose an alternating minimization method for the solution of the system mentioned above and present several randomized versions of this algorithm in order to improve its performance. The provided numerical experiments show that our methods are feasible for any tensor <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"> <mi mathvariant="script">A</mi> </math> </jats:inline-formula> and outperform some existing ones in the same case. </jats:p>
Possible Associations between the Number of Cold Days over East Asia and Arctic Oscillation and Arctic Warming

Based on the NECP/NCAR reanalysis dataset, the associations between the number of cold days (NCD) over East Asia (100–150° E, 25–55° N) and Arctic Oscillation (AO)/Arctic warming during 1956–2015 are explored. The results show the NCD was closely associated with AO during 1956–1990 and Arctic warming during 1991–2015. It reveals NCD over East Asia showed a downward trend and a significantly negative correlation with AO in the previous stage, while it presented an upward trend and notably positive association with Arctic warming in the later period. Meanwhile the increase in the earlier-stage AO will often be accompanied by the weakness of the Siberian high (SH), the Ural Mountains Blocking high (UBH), and the East Asian trough (EAT), and a “positive–negative–positive” wave band exist in the upper troposphere, which is linked with weakened northerly wind over East Asia. All these anomalies are unfavorable for the southward transportation of cold air, eventually leading to the decrease in NCD over East Asia. Additionally, when the near-surface temperature over the Arctic rises in the later period, on the one hand, SH reinforces and further results in more NCD over East Asia; on the other hand, the 1000–500 hPa thickness field displays a “north positive–south negative” pattern, which is conducive to the deceleration of the westerlies at mid-latitudes over Eurasia, and further bring about the enhancement of EAT and UBH, favoring the southward intrusion of cold air, finally, more NCD are generated.
LDA-IoT : a level dependent authentication for IoT paradigm

ABSTRACT The IoT-based services are getting a widespread expansion in all the directions and dimensions of this century. In most IoT-based applications, the sensor collects the data and communicates it to the end-user via gateway device or fog device over a precarious Internet channel. The attacker can use this open channel to capture the sensing device or the gateway device to collect the IoT data or control the IoT system. In this paper, we propose a novel approach of authentication for the IoT paradigm called as a Level Dependent Authentication (LDA). In the LDA protocol, we propose a security reliable and resource efficient key sharing mechanism in which users at level can communicate with the sensor at level if and only if the level of user in the organizational hierarchy is lower or equal to the level of sensor deployment. We provide a security analysis for the proposed LDA protocol using random oracle-based games & widely accepted AVISPA (Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications) tools & BAN (Burrows–Abadi–Needham) logic. We also discuss a comparative analysis of the proposed protocol with other existing schemes based on communication cost, computation cost, and security index. We provide an implementation of the proposed scheme using MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) protocol.
Context-aware Hybrid Adaptive Beaconing for Driver Behavior Dissemination in VANETs

VANET is a special paradigm of high mobility ad hoc network that promotes communication among the vehicles to enhance traffic safety. Cooperative awareness is the basic principle of VANETs that is accomplished by periodic exchange of beacons/ WSMs between vehicles. Due to highly dynamic topology and irregular distribution of vehicles, there is a necessity of a flexible beaconing mechanism that maintains a balance between the required level of cooperative awareness and network load and overcomes the limitations of periodic beaconing scheme of IEEE 802.11p. We proposed a context-aware hybrid beaconing algorithm that piggybacks driver status in beacon and disseminates it to the neighboring vehicles to enhance safety. The complete context has been considered to get the value of driver status and initial network status using SBN. The proposed technique considers real-time network congestion status and dynamically adapts the transmission range and power parameters at PHY layer, and beacon interval and CW at MAC layer using EDCA mechanism. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been evaluated using SUMO and NS-3 based on PDR, WSM PDR, goodput, and EED. The proposed algorithm demonstrates comparable WSM PDR to the benchmark scheme of LIMERIC and outperforms periodic beaconing scheme by exhibiting 35% improvement in WSM PDR on CCH and 15% improvement in PDR on SCH. Further, our proposed approach depicts more realistic scenario by considering the complete context; and maintains balance between transmission of safety and non-safety messages, thus, preventing starvation of non-safety applications as compared to the techniques in the existing literature.
First Macro-Meso-cellular Silica SBA-15Si(HIPE) Monoliths :Conditions for Obtaining Self-Standing Materials

Combining the emulsion and the cooperative templating mechanisms, self-standing macro-mesoporous SBA-15-Si(HIPE) monoliths (90-95% of porosity) have been synthesized for the first time. Materials have been prepared from the Pluronic (P123)/dodecane/water system in the presence of salt and TEOS as silica scaffold precursor. As increasing the ionic strength was shown to be ineffective toward obtaining self-standing monoliths, we induced a kosmotrope “order maker” effect within the starting silica gel making the use of (NH4)2SO4 salt to enhance silica polycondensation. Beyond its effect over the silica polycondensation, we show that the (NH4)2SO4 kosmotrope character has also a strong impact over the micelles organization at the mesoscale, with an input over the voids diameter and connections at the macroscopic length scale. The obtained SBA-15xSi(HIPE) self-standing foams exhibit thereby highly ordered mesopores, high specific surface area, tunable open macroporosity while offering mechanical strength (Youn.
ONLINE EDUCATION – ENGINEERING STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVE

With online learning moving into the long term, the mental and academic impacts on students arelikely to be challenging. Preliminary results obtained from three different student surveys are presented and analyzed for different cohorts of undergraduate engineering students enrolled in an engineering program at the Université de Moncton. The first survey was administered during the last week of the Winter semester, before the final exams period. This survey was administered by the Engineering Faculty and created to get an overview of students experience during their online learning sessions. Specifically, the goal of this survey was to get information on which technical tools work best for distance learning during their online sessions and to improve future online learning sessions. Another survey was completed at the end of the Fall 2020 online learning semester. About half of all engineering students completed the surveys and a preliminary analysis was conducted. Finally, a third survey was administered during the Winter 2021 online learning semester. The aim of this study is to evaluate and analyze the results of these surveys using educational data mining. This work will provide an overview of the online learning experience during the end of the Winter 2020 semester and the academic year 2020-2021 and establish relations between classroom and online learning environments. New data analysis may help to accelerate and improve future hybrid classroom-online learning pedagogy since permanent changes are expected in the near future for many engineering programs. This study shows that students vary in their abilities to adapt to this new reality. Most prefer recorded audio clipsof PowerPoint presentations beforehand combined with online synchronous learning using video conferencing software. This suggests that effective online learning requires extra time from educators to better prepare class sessions. Furthermore, there is an important correlation between the level of student motivation and their appreciation level of online learning.
Radial Anisotropy in East Asia From Multimode Surface Wave Tomography

We present a model of radial anisotropy in the crust and upper mantle of East Asia from a combination of new group velocity measurements and previously published surface wave dispersion data sets. Our combined data set ranges 5–375 s period and contains dispersion data up to the fifth overtone. We directly relate the data to variations in isotropic and radially anisotropic shear wave crustal and mantle structure via surface wave ray theory applied to a prior 3‐D reference model. Our isotropic S‐velocity model shares high correlations with previous studies, including a model derived from a full waveform inversion methodology. The short period dispersion measurements in our data set allow us to resolve crustal structure without the need for crustal corrections, and as a result, our radial anisotropy model has significant differences with previous studies. We find strong positive radial anisotropy (ξ > 1) across the entire region in the middle to lower crust and uppermost mantle. We perform a cluster analysis and find high levels of radial anisotropy (ξ > 1.12) in the lithospheric mantle of the back‐arc basin and in collisional belts, while low levels of radial anisotropy (ξ ∼ 1.04) are found in the mantle wedge of NE Japan and in the mantle upwelling under Mt. Baekdu. High radial anisotropy is found in the lower crust in regions that experienced continental rifting and lithospheric thinning, while the lowest crustal radial anisotropy is found in stable cratons.
A contract portfolio perspective on the role of customer order lead times in demand fulfilment processes with supply shortage

When demands exceed capacities, suppliers allocate available supply to customers based on customer importance and advance demand information. The accuracy of advance demand information interacts with the length of customer order lead times and influences overall customer service levels. In this paper, we analyse industrial contract portfolios with customer-specific terms in order to derive insights for contract portfolio management and the design of demand fulfilment processes. For this purpose, we develop a framework for analysis of contract portfolios capturing the dynamics of industrial planning processes. The framework is applied to portfolios from the semiconductor sector. Our numerical analysis shows that, in order to improve service levels, demand fulfilment processes and contract portfolio management must especially take into account the length of order lead times and the accuracy of advance demand information. Even though suppliers often prefer long order lead times, our analysis shows that demand fulfilment performance is not primarily determined by the absolute length of the order lead times but by the presence of a negative correlation with the accuracy of advance demand information in the entire contract portfolio. Consequently, these factors require increased attention in the management of contract portfolios and in the negotiation of individual contracts.
Acceptance of Tourist Offers and Territory: Cluster Analysis of Ibiza Residents (Spain)

Heterogeneity studies have analyzed different clusters of residents according to their perception and attitude toward tourism in general or a specific type of tourism, but there are still no studies on the heterogeneity in the acceptance of tourist offers. The aim of this article was to segment residents according to their acceptance of different tourist offers focused on the territory. This is a new approach that seeks to determine the profiles of residents based on their preferences for the future development of a destination’s offer in order to solve land-related problems. Cluster analysis carried out by the K-means algorithm made it possible to create five clusters: Disappointed, favorable with nuances, moderate, enthusiasts but anti-nightclub, and enthusiasts. The clusters were characterized by the rejection of the “all inclusive” offer and by the acceptance of most offers. The types of tourism that involve an enhancement of the landscape and heritage were shown to be the best valued. The differences between the clusters were marked by the degree of general acceptance and by the rejection of some offers considered “conflicting. ” The offers that imply a high consumption of land (golf courses) or annoyances from the immediate surroundings (nightclubs) generated discrepancies.
Foreign-Language Phonetic Development Leads to First-Language Phonetic Drift: Plosive Consonants in Native Portuguese Speakers Learning English as a Foreign Language in Brazil

Fifty-six Portuguese speakers born and raised in Brazil produced Portuguese words beginning in one of four plosives, /p b k ɡ/. Twenty-eight of them were monolinguals (controls), and the rest were learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). The learners were also asked to produce English words beginning with one of four plosives, /p b k ɡ/. We measured the plosives’ voice onset times (VOT) to address the following research questions: Do foreign-language learners, whose exposure to native English oral input is necessarily limited, form new sound categories specific to their additional language? Does engaging in the learning of a foreign language affect the phonetics of one’s native language? The EFL learners were found to differ from the controls in their production of Portuguese voiced (but not voiceless) plosives—prevoicing was longer in learner speech. The learners displayed different VOT targets for voiced (but not voiceless) consonants as a function of the language they were speaking—prevoicing was longer in Portuguese. In EFL learners’ productions, English sounds appear to be fundamentally modeled on phonologically similar native sounds, but some phonetic development (or reorganization) is found. Phonetic development induced by foreign-language learning may lead to a minor reconfiguration of the phonetics of native language sounds. EFL learners may find it challenging to learn the pronunciation patterns of English, likely due to the reduced access to native oral input.
Logistic Basis for Organizing Weekend Recreation for the Population of the Arkhangelsk Urban Agglomeration

Weekend rest is an important part of a person's recreational cycle. Northerners need a good rest to maintain their health. The choice of a place for vacation is associated with restrictions on the time of movement, since its period should not be longer than 2–3 days. The purpose of the research is to select the most suitable transport areas for residents of the Arkhangelsk urban agglomeration, taking into account the landscape and tourist resources. Based on the study of vehicles and the geographical location of tourist services, three sectors were identified, limited by five–hour transport accessibility from the cities of the Arkhangelsk agglomeration. The most promising for priority development is the southern sector, the centers of which can be the villages of Kholmogory and Emetsk. Excursion, relaxation, ecological and sports tourism can be offered there at any time of the year. The transit position of the main roads of the region gives this sector the advantages of attracting tourists from other regions. The western and eastern sectors have significant recreational potential, but their use is constrained by poor transport accessibility. The western sector with the center in the city of Onega is promising for the development of seaside relaxation tourism in summer and sports tourism in winter. The eastern sector with two centers in the villages of Pinega and Karpogory is promising for ecological, sports and excursion tourism throughout the year.
A two-stage testing strategy for detecting genes×environment interactions in association studies

Abstract Identifying gene×environment (G×E) interactions, especially when rare variants are included in genome-wide association studies, is a major challenge in statistical genetics. However, the detection of G×E interactions is very important for understanding the etiology of complex diseases. Although currently some statistical methods have been developed to detect the interactions between genes and environment, the detection of the interactions for the case of rare variants is still limited. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a new method to detect the interactions between genes and environment for rare variants. In this study, we extend an existing method of adaptive combination of P-values (ADA) and design a novel strategy (called iSADA) for testing the effects of G×E interactions for rare variants. We propose a new two-stage test to detect the interactions between genes and environment in a certain region of a chromosome or even for the whole genome. First, the score statistic is used to test the associations between trait value and the interaction terms of genes and environment and obtain the original P-values. Then, based on the idea of the ADA method, we further construct a full test statistic via the P-values of the preliminary tests in the first stage, so that we can comprehensively test the interactions between genes and environment in the considered genome region. Simulation studies are conducted to compare our proposed method with other existing methods. The results show that the iSADA has higher power than other methods in each case. A GAW17 data set is also applied to illustrate the applicability of the new method.
Human-Like Decision Making and Motion Control for Smooth and Natural Car Following

Car-following is an important driving behaviour for intelligent vehicles and has a significant impact on traffic efficiency and traffic safety. Car-following models are widely developed to characterize the human-drivers’ car-following manoeuvre actions and adopted in traffic simulation and automated vehicle control system development. Car-following models need to be able to represent the drivers’ behaviour while following preceding vehicles. On the other hand, car-following controllers are an important component of intelligent vehicle systems, both for autonomous vehicles and connected vehicles. However, Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) as well as Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) do not include human behaviour, which makes their car-following behaviour not human-like or natural for the on-board driver or passenger. To address this problem, in this study, the human-like Wiedemann car-following model is calibrated and verified with our driving simulator data. A human-like car-following nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) controller is developed based on the calibrated car-following model. Three different scenarios are tested to evaluate the performance of the proposed controller, with which the autonomous vehicle is able to have human-like and smooth trajectories at different phases and within different transition zones.