Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating the minority class proportion with the ROC curve using Military Personality Inventory data of the ROK Armed Forces

The Republic of Korea Armed Forces includes maladjusted conscripts such as the mentally ill, the suicidal, the imprisoned, and those determined by the military commander to be maladjusted. To counteract these problems, it is necessary to identify the maladjusted conscripts to determine who among them would qualify for exemption from active military service or need special attention. We use the Military Personality Inventory (MPI) to make this prediction. Such a prediction presents a kind of class imbalance and class overlap problem, where the majority fulfil active service and the minority are maladjusted, the latter being discharged early from active service. Therefore, most classification algorithms are likely to show low classification performance. As an alternative, this study demonstrates the effective utilization of the receiver operating characteristics curve using MPI data to estimate the maladjusted proportion of persons sharing similar MPI test results. We confirm that the suggested method performs well using the real-world MPI data set. The suggested method is very useful to estimate the proportion of conscripts maladjusted to military life and can help in the management of such persons subject to conscription.
Geometric Phase Effects in the Vibrational Spectrum of Na{sub 3}({ital X})

The lowest 89 vibrational energy levels for Na{sub 3}( X) for zero total angular momentum (J=0) are computed both with and without the geometric phase. The calculations are full dimensional (3D) and utilize the vector potential (gauge theory) approach for including geometric phase effects. It is shown that the geometric phase leads to large shifts in the vibrational energy levels which result in a different ordering of states. These results can be verified experimentally and represent the first {open_quotes}clean{close_quotes} example of a geometric phase effect in molecular spectra. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Research as a guide for curriculum development: An example from introductory electricity

A method of and apparatus for determining the quantity of phenols in an aqueous solution after treating the solution to remove interfering impurities therefrom. The treated aqueous solution is electrolytically alternately converted so as to be either acidic or basic with preselected and controlled pH values. These acidic and basic solutions are subjected to ultraviolet radiation at a preselected wavelength so that the amount of radiation passing therethrough at the preselected pH values can be measured. The measured amounts of ultraviolet radiation passing through the acidic and basic solutions are compared to determine the concentration of phenols in the aqueous solution.
Recursion relations for solutions to the Schro¨dinger equation

We will consider the general eigenfunction for a second-order differential operator in one variable. For many well-known elementary functions, we can also find a three-term recursion relation in the eigenvalue parameter. For practical computation, this is a very desirable property. Examples include Legendre functions, Bessel functions, etc.In [Math. Z. , 29 (1929), pp. 730–736], Bochner showed that the only polynomial solutions to this problem were the well-known ones. This paper will look for solutions that may not be polynomials.It will be shown that, unfortunately, for the simple recursion relation considered here, no really new examples exist.
Numerical Solutions of the Integral Equation for Excitation-Transmission-Radiation in Aperture Antenna

Abstract The numerical method of the volume-surface integral equation has been used to model the electromagnetic excitation and propagation problems of the waveguide-fed aperture antenna. The mode-matching method has been used to describe the impedance marching situation at the exciting aperture. The excitation conditions were established based on the expansion of the waveguide modes and the equality principle of electromagnetics. The multi-level fast multi-pole algorithm is applied to speed up the matrix-vector multiplication and reduce the memory requirement of the method of moment. The numerical solutions of the electromagnetic transmission and radiation of an offset paraboloidal reflector antenna have been given. It has been demonstrated that the method proposed by this article is able to provide the valid and accurate numerical solution for the electromagnetic propagation and radiation problems of an aperture antenna with an arbitrary shape, composite metallic and material structure, and electrically large size.
Taste Masking of Steroids for Oral Formulations.

Objectives Oral steroids are commonly prescribed to children. Steroids have a strong bitter taste that limits their oral acceptance in children. The objective of this study was to formulate a pediatric-friendly and palatable oral dosage form of steroids. Materials and Methods Solid dispersions of dexamethasone were prepared using polyethylene glycol, pectin, and Eudragit as carrier polymers, and chocolate as a flavoring agent. Taste masking efficiency was evaluated by healthy volunteers to select the best formula. The selected formula was pressed into chewable tablets with varying amounts of sweeteners. Chewable tablets were evaluated for palatability, hardness, and chewing index. The typical application of the taste masking approach was confirmed using prednisolone. Results Eudragit-based solid dispersions were effective in dexamethasone taste masking. Using 40% mannitol resulted in palatable tablets with acceptable hardness and chewing difficulty. The effectiveness of the taste masking approach was successfully used to prepare prednisolone chewable tablets. However, an increase in the carrier: drug ratio and a change in the flavor to pineapple were necessary to achieve maximum palatability of prednisolone chewable tablets. Conclusion Eudragit solid dispersion is an effective method for the taste masking highly bitter steroids. The solid dispersion was successfully pressed into a palatable, easy-to-chew, and pediatric-friendly chewable tablet dosage form. The carrier: drug ratio and the choice of flavoring agent are crucial factors in improving tablet palatability.
The Many Faces of Immune Activation in HIV-1 Infection: A Multifactorial Interconnection

Chronic immune activation has a significant role in HIV-1 disease pathogenesis and CD4+ T-cell depletion. The causes of chronic inflammation and immune activation are incompletely understood, but they are likely multifactorial in nature, involving both direct and indirect stimuli. Possible explanations include microbial translocation, coinfection, and continued presence of competent replicating virus. In fact, long-term viral suppression treatments are unable to normalize elevated markers of systemic immune activation. Furthermore, high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines increase susceptibility to premature aging of the immune system. The phenomenon of “inflammaging” has begun to be evident in the last decades, as a consequence of increased life expectancy due to the introduction of cART. Quality of life and survival have improved substantially; however, PLWH are predisposed to chronic inflammatory conditions leading to age-associated diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, neurocognitive disorders, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, bone abnormalities, and non-HIV-associated cancers. Several approaches have been studied in numerous uncontrolled and/or randomized clinical trials with the aim of reducing immune activation/inflammatory status in PLWH, none of which have achieved consistent results.
Dynamical interplay between epidemics and cascades in complex networks

Epidemics and cascading failure are extensively investigated. Traditionally, they are independently studied, but in practice, there are many cases where these two dynamics interact with each other and neither of their effects can be ignored. For example, consider that a digital virus is spreading in a communication network, which is transferring data in the meantime. We build a model based on the epidemiological SIR model and a local load sharing cascading failure model to study the interplay between these two dynamics. In this model, when the dynamical process stops at equilibrium, the nodes both uninfected and unfailed form several clusters. We consider the relative size of the largest one, i.e. the giant component. A phenomenon is observed in both Erdős-Rényi (ER) random networks and Barabási-Albert (BA) scale-free networks that when the infection probability is over some critical value, a giant component forms only if the tolerance parameter α is within some interval . In this interval, the size of the remained giant component first increases and then decreases. After analyzing the cause of this phenomenon, we then present in ER random networks a theoretical solution of the key values of and , which are very important when we evaluate the robustness of the network. Finally, our theory is verified by numerical simulations.
Coverage and properties of a-SiNx hard disk overcoat

Amorphous silicon nitride (a-SiNx) overcoats are deposited on magnetic disks by rf-reactive sputtering to study their coverage and properties. According to the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, a-SiNx has a low coverage-limit of ∼10 A compared with that of the reference a-CNx (∼20 A). The lower coverage-limit of a-SiNx may be attributed to its high density of 3.2 g/cm3, which corresponds to 93% bulk density. By contrast, the density of diamond-like carbon is only 54% that of diamond. This is in agreement with the results of coverage simulation, which reveal that the film coverage thickness decreases by ∼3 A per 10% increase in the relative density. Compared with 45 A a-CNx coated disks, 15 A a-SiNx coated disks have fewer pinhole defects and are more durable in the accelerated flyability test. The superior performance of a-SiNx disk overcoat may be attributed to its dense structure and high hardness (25 GPa).
Adapt or Perish ! A Systematic Review of the Literature on Strategic Renewal and the Family Firm

The objective of this paper is to examine the current state of strategic renewal research in family businesses, identifying the main research gaps and providing a path for future research to the academics. To do so, we have performed a systematic and comprehensive review of 21 studies (20 articles and 1 book chapter) about strategic renewal and family business published between 2009 and 2022. Our comprehensive analysis reveals that the majority of studies to date are empirical studies that have focused on the strategic renewal’s antecedents, while the strategic renewal’s outcomes remain unexplored. This and other significant research gaps are identified and discussed in this review, which emphasizes the need for further research about the topic.
On asymptotic ancillarity and inference for Yule and regular nonergodic processes

SUMMARY By extending the notion of ancillarity to asymptotic ancillarity a conditional inference approach to statistical inference for a class of regular nonergodic processes is developed. This approach is closely related to that of Efron & Hinkley (1978) for the independent identically distributed case. The Yule process is used to illustrate the main ideas.
The Polymerization of Acetylene, Hydrogen Cyanide, and Carbon Chains in the Neutral Layers of Carbon-rich Proto-planetary Nebulae

I present chemical evolution models for the neutral layers of proto-planetary nebulae in order to explain the high abundance of polyynes, cyanopolyynes, methyl-polyynes, benzene, and other C-bearing species found in CRL 618 by Cernicharo et al. In the neutral regions behind the H II region, the radiation field produces a rich photochemistry on timescales shorter than the dynamical evolution of the central H II region, leading to the formation of large carbon-rich molecules CnH2, HC(2n+1)N, and Cn. Reactions between radicals H and H2 play a crucial role in maintaining a high abundance for these species in spite of the strong radiation field emerging from the central star. The models predict that proto-planetary nebulae in the early stages of evolution will have high abundances for species such as HC(2n+1)N, CnH4, and CnH3N. The role of reactions between neutrals and radicals in the growth of aromatic molecules is discussed. The large abundance derived for small cumulenes suggests that the growth of small carbon grains with C/H ≫ 1 could be dominated by reactions between polyynes and cumulenes. The models also explain the observed abundances of H2CO, OH, H2O, CO2, and [O I] in the region where CO is photodissociated.
Measuring speed using a computer - several techniques

The measurement of speed, and the associated kinematics and dynamics, is central to much of the physics taught in secondary and tertiary physics courses. This article discusses three different techniques chosen by senior physics students at Melbourne College of Advanced Education in an effort to facilitate this measurement by using a computer. The techniques used by the students vary and make useful starting points for anyone considering developing computer-based laboratory work for their own students.
Numerical Study of Motion of Sun-Grazing Comet C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy) Affected by Outgassing, General Relativity, and Oblateness Correction Forces

Among comets there are several groups of Sun- grazers. Sun-grazing comets are comets whose motions encounter very closely to the Sun and may eventually plunge into the Sun. Sun-grazing comet C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy) was not expected to survive during close encounter with the Sun on December 16, 2011 due to the extreme conditions in the corona. We study numerically orbit of the comet during this event. We developed numerical codes of additional forces (i.e. cometary outgassing, general relativity, and the oblateness/quadrupole moment of the Sun) and incorporated them into the new integrator package REBOUND. These additional forces yield small changes in motion of the comet near the event. As expected, at about the event we find that contributions of the general relativity and the outgassing forces to the comet's motion are larger than the oblateness correction of the Sun. This study also shows that the role of the outgassing force may shift event of the next encounter for at least about a hundred days. Keywords-comet C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy), cometary dynamics, N-body. j i j i i j m G P r r r r r       1 3  
A Unified View of Signal Extraction, Benchmarking, Interpolation and Extrapolation of Time Series

Time series data are often subject to statistical adjustments needed to increase accuracy, replace missing values and/or facilitate data analysis. The most common adjustments made to original observations are signal extraction (e.g. smoothing), benchmarking, interpolation and extrapolation. In this article, we present a general dynamic stochastic regression model, from which most of these adjustments can be performed, and prove that the resulting generalized least square estimator is minimum variance linear unbiased. We extend current methods to include those cases where the signal follows a mixed model (deterministic and stochastic components) and the errors are autocorrelated and heteroscedastic.
Hyperspectral Earth Observation from IASI: Five Years of Accomplishments

The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) forms the main infrared sounding component of the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites's (EUMETSAT's) Meteorological Operation (MetOp)-A satellite (Klaes et al. 2007), which was launched in October 2006. This article presents the results of the first 4 yr of the operational IASI mission. The performance of the instrument is shown to be exceptional in terms of calibration and stability. The quality of the data has allowed the rapid use of the observations in operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) and the development of new products for atmospheric chemistry and climate studies, some of which were unexpected before launch. The assimilation of IASI observations in NWP models provides a significant forecast impact; in most cases the impact has been shown to be at least as large as for any previous instrument. In atmospheric chemistry, global distributions of gases, such as ozone and carbon monoxide, can be produ.
The mean squared error of Geweke and Porter‐Hudak's estimator of the memory parameter of a long‐memory time series

We establish some asymptotic properties of a log‐periodogram regression estimator for the memory parameter of a long‐memory time series. We consider the estimator originally proposed by Geweke and Porter‐Hudak (The estimation and application of long memory time series models. Journal of Time Ser. Anal. 4 (1983), 221–37). In particular, we do not omit any of the low frequency periodogram ordinates from the regression. We derive expressions for the estimator's asymptotic bias, variance and mean squared error as functions of the number of periodogram ordinates, m, used in the regression. Consistency of the estimator is obtained as long as m←∞ and n←∞ with (m log m)/n← 0, where n is the sample size. Under these and the additional conditions assumed in this paper, the optimal m, minimizing the mean squared error, is of order O(n4/5). We also establish the asymptotic normality of the estimator. In a simulation study, we assess the accuracy of our asymptotic theory on mean squared error for finite sample sizes. One finding is that the choice m = n1/2, originally suggested by Geweke and Porter‐Hudak (1983), can lead to performance which is markedly inferior to that of the optimal choice, even in reasonably small samples.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

Urbanization and population growth are solely responsible for high and increasing rate of solid waste and its proper management is a major problem of Municipal Corporation of every city. Solid waste from households is a serious health hazard and leads to the spread of infectious diseases. Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid materials generated from human activities in residential, commercial or industrial areas. As we know Solid waste management involves managing activities associated with generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing and disposal of solid wastes. Solid waste problem is big issues at present time, if this problem is not tackled within preventive time, it may create other dreadful, hazardous and incurable problems. In this study, the sources and components of solid waste, type and the quantity of solid waste disposed, methods of solid waste disposal and its impact on health were highlighted.
Emotional States versus Mental Heart Rate Component Monitored via Wearables

Psychiatric illnesses are estimated to account for over 15% of the burden of disease, which is more than all kinds of cancer together. Since mental disease is often preceded by issues in emotion processing, a method to objectively measure emotions in daily life would be needed. The goal of this research is to investigate the possibilities of mental heart rate component, assessed with a real-time individualized algorithm that decomposes total heart rate in a physical, basal, and mental component, to classify discrete emotions. For this aim, twenty participants committed to wearing a wristband 24/7 for three months and to label the occurrence of fourteen emotions on their smartphones. In total, 1255 labels were added. The dynamics of the mental heart rate component responses to emotions were identified via data-based mechanistic transfer function models. For the classification, the numerator and denominator model orders and parameters, the four features that define transfer function models, were used as features in a support vector machine classifier. This resulted in an average classification accuracy of the mental heart rate responses of 51.1% over all participants, compared to a random classifier with an average accuracy of 28.5%. We concluded that the dynamics of emotions are not only highly variable between individuals, but that they are also time varying on an individual basis. To increase accuracy, more and higher quality labels are indispensable.
Development and Evaluation of Sodium Alginate/Carbopol 934P-Co-Poly (Methacrylate) Hydrogels for Localized Drug Delivery

This research was carried out to create a pH-responsive polymeric system for the targeted drug delivery of Diloxanide furoate. It relied on sodium alginate (Na-Alg) and Carbopol 934P as building blocks. Using an aqueous free radical polymerization method, SCH1-SCH12 was created with varying polymer, MAA, and MBA input ratios. Positive outcomes were seen in the swelling and release profiles at higher pH levels. Hydrogel formation, as well as component compatibility, thermal stability, and Diloxanide furoate loading, were all validated by instrumental characterization. A drug loading percentage of 83.56% was determined, with the swelling reaching 743.19%. For the formulation with MBA, the gel fraction was 94.58%. The release of diloxanide furoate increased to 91.77% at neutral pH. The formulation containing Carbopol 934P provided the highest mucoadhesion force (3993.42 dynes/cm2). The created hydrogel has been shown to be biocompatible by toxicological testing of the network. Based on the findings, the created polymeric nexus proved promising for pH-dependent localized and regulated delivery of Diloxanide furoate.
The Progress of Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Intravesical Bladder Cancer Treatment

Bladder cancer (BC) is the most frequently occurring cancer of the urinary system, with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) accounting for 75–85% of all the bladder cancers. Patients with NMIBC have a good survival rate but are at high risk for tumor recurrence and disease progression. Intravesical instillation of antitumor agents is the standard treatment for NMIBC following transurethral resection of bladder tumors. Chemotherapeutic drugs are broadly employed for bladder cancer treatment, but have limited efficacy due to chemo-resistance and systemic toxicity. Additionally, the periodic voiding of bladder and low permeability of the bladder urothelium impair the retention of drugs, resulting in a weak antitumoral response. Chitosan is a non-toxic and biocompatible polymer which enables better penetration of specific drugs to the deeper cell layers of the bladder as a consequence of temporarily abolishing the barrier function of urothelium, thus offering multifaceted biomedical applications in urinary bladder epithelial. Nowadays, the rapid development of nanoparticles significantly improves the tumor therapy with enhanced drug transport. This review presents an overview on the state of chitosan-based nanoparticles in the field of intravesical bladder cancer treatment.