Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing the quality of solution of inverse problem in nephelometric and turbidimetric measurements

The paper presents results of the simulation research aiming at comparison of the quality of reconstruction of particle size distribution of dispersed phase in particulate systems by solving the inverse problem for nephelometric measurement data and for turbidimetric measurement data corrupted to a varying extent by random errors. In the case of both measurement techniques mathematical models based on Mie light scattering theory were applied. The results obtained demonstrated that the reconstruction on the basis of turbidimetric measurements is characterized by generally bigger accuracy compared to the reconstruction on the basis of nephelometric measurements. The advanatage of the reconstruction based on turbidimetric measurement data over the reconstruction based on nephelometric measurement data increases significantly in the case of measurement data of both kinds affected by random noise.
Interference Alignment in Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks under Interference Leakage

In this work, we examine the interference alignment (IA) performance of a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) multi-hop cognitive radio (CR) network in the presence of multiple primary users. In the proposed architecture, it is assumed that linear IA is adopted at the secondary network to alleviate the interference between primary and secondary networks. By doing so, the secondary source can communicate with the secondary destination via multiple relays without causing any interference to the primary network. Even though linear IA can suppress the interference in CR networks considerably, interference leakages may occur due to a fast fading channel. To this end, we focus on the performance of the secondary network for two different cases: (i) the interference is perfectly aligned; (ii) the impact of interference leakages. For both cases, closed-form expressions of outage probability and ergodic capacity are derived. The results, which are validated by Monte Carlo simulations, show that interference leakages can deteriorate both system performance and the diversity gains considerably.
On the Design of Low-Cost IoT Sensor Node for e-Health Environments

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices for patient monitoring has gained much attention in clinical care performance, proficient chronic disease management, and home caregiving. This work presents the design of efficient medical IoT sensor nodes (SNs) in terms of low-cost, low power-consumption, and increased data accuracy based on open-source platforms. The method utilizes a Sensor Controller (SC) within the IoT SN, which is capable of performing medical checks supporting a broad coverage of medical uses. A communication protocol has been developed for data and command exchange among SC, local gateways, and physicians’ or patients’ mobile devices (tablets, smart phones). The SC supports moving average window (MAW) and principle component analysis (PCA) filtering algorithms to capture data from the attached low-cost body sensors of different sampling profiles. Significant extensions in SN’s portability is achieved through energy consumption minimization based on the idle time gaps between sensors’ activations. SN’s components are either deactivated or set to low activity operation during these idle intervals. A medical case study is presented and the evaluated results show that the proposed SN can be incorporated into e-health platforms since it achieves comparable accuracy to its certified and high-cost commercial counterparts.
Is the Flatness Problem real

This paper questions the reality of the Flatness Problem in the framework of the standard model of the Universe. Its formulation is improved by speculating upon the flatness in terms of k (the dimensionless scalar curvature of the comoving space), without assuming a priori a zero cosmological constant Λ. Contrary to a popular belief, it turns out that the primordial flatness (k ≈ 0) is not motivated by observational data. On the other hand, Dicke’s anthropic considerations, together with observational constraints, suggest a spatially closed Universe with an expansion rate H0 ≈ √ Λ/3.
Safety Review of the Quality Ready-Mix Concrete (RMC) and Workmanship in the Construction Industry

Concrete crack formation is one of the main safety problems faced in the construction industry. The scope of this research is to critically review the quality and durability of the ready-mix concrete and workmanship in construction sites, which are some of the major reasons for crack formation. In accordance with the objectives, the review consists of critical analysis and study about the formation of cracks in concrete structures, how the quality of workmanship affects the cracks in concrete, investigation of the quality of concrete produced in an RMC plant and the benefits and barriers for the construction industry. Further, the review expounds the factors critical to improving the quality of concrete produced in an RMC plant as well as the factors relevant to improving workmanship while casting the concrete, which will inhibit the formation of cracks. The study ends with a discussion of the factors that can help improve the quality of the concrete, while reducing cracks at the same time.
Akaike or Schwarz? Which One is a Better Predictor of Chilean GDP?

Schwarz. In this paper I evaluate the predictive ability of the Akaike and Schwarz information criteria using autoregressive integrated moving average models, with sectoral data of Chilean GDP. In terms of root mean square error, and after the estimation of more than a million models, the results indicate that —on average— the models based on the Schwarz criterion perform better than those selected with the Akaike, for the four horizons analyzed. Furthermore, the statistical significance of these differences indicates that the superiority in favor of the Schwarz criterion holds mainly at higher horizo
“AIS 2.0”: Technological changes, implications and policy recommendations

ABSTRACT Space-based detection of Automatic Identification System (AIS) transmissions is increasingly being used as a means of collating vessel information for building Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA). With the introduction of “Long-Range AIS” through a specific AIS message (Message 27), designed for reception from space, some of the existing problems with space-based vessel detection would be obviated. Nonetheless, the system cannot replace terrestrial detection. In some cases, interaction between the two segments – space and ground based – of the system may even render one segment totally ineffective. From the user-perspective, an examination of the underlying technical issues will help understand the capabilities and limitations of the system as an aid to global vessel tracking. Designing future sub-systems to optimally exploit the changes is important.
Minimal Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity fixing the Hilbert polynomial

We give a qualitative and constructive description of the minimal Castelnuo-vo-Mumford regularity of closed subschemes of projective spaces over an algebraically closed field of null characteristic, fixing the Hilbert polynomial p(z). We are also able to describe and compute both the minimal Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity, fixing the Hilbert polynomial p(z) and the regularity of the Hilbert function, and the minimal Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity $m_u$, fixing the Hilbert function u. These results are obtained by means of a careful study of the minimal Hilbert functions with fixed regularity and of two new constructive methods, which are based on the notion of growth-height-lexicographic Borel set and called ideal graft and extended lifting. Moreover, we obtain constraining lower and upper bounds for every $m_u$. Several explicative examples are exhibited throughout the exposition.
New evidence and policy support primary care-based weight loss interventions.

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An ecient method to exactly compute the minimum gap for large quantum adiabatic optimizers

Adiabatic quantum optimization is a procedure to solve a vast class of optimization problems by slowly changing the Hamiltonian of a quantum system. Its success depends on our ability to confine the actual state close to the instantaneous ground state of the time dependent Hamiltonian: This condition is achieved when the duration of the adiabatic evolution is proportional to the inverse of the square of the minimum energy gap encountered in the dynamics. Despite many theoretical and numerical advances, the calculation of the minimum gap is strongly limited by the exponential scaling of the classical resources required to represent large quantum systems. In this paper, we propose and implement a method to exactly compute the energy spectrum of large quantum systems and that requires, under certain, but quite general conditions, only a polynomial amount of classical resources. Numerical results for quantum systems up to n = 400 qubits are provided.
Electric bus fast charging station resource planning considering load aggregation and renewable integration

As the progress of electrification for the public transportation sector is accelerated, it becomes more and more important to integrated planning charging infrastructure for public transportation, while emerging technologies such as distributed renewable generation and energy storage system should be accounted. Here, an integrated resource planning framework is proposed where both planning investment cost and operational cost are considered. An aggregation strategy is also proposed to optimise the charging decisions for electric bus on different routes, which could effectively improve the planning and operation efficiency. To address the uncertainties involved in this process, a scenario-based chance-constrained programming approach is adopted. A numerical case study is also included to demonstrate the effectiveness of this proposed resource planning model.
Elastic shape morphing of ultralight structures by programmable assembly

Ultralight materials present an opportunity to dramatically increase the efficiency of load-bearing aerostructures. To date, however, these ultralight materials have generally been confined to the laboratory bench-top, due to dimensional constraints of the manufacturing processes. We show a programmable material system applied as a large-scale, ultralight, and conformable aeroelastic structure. The use of a modular, lattice-based, ultralight material results in stiffness typical of an elastomer (2.6 MPa) at a mass density typical of an aerogel 5.6 mg cm 3 . This, combined with a building block based manufacturing and configuration strategy, enables the rapid realization of new adaptive structures and mechanisms. The heterogeneous design with programmable anisotropy allows for enhanced elastic and global shape deformation in response to external loading, making it useful for tuned fluid-structure interaction. We demonstrate an example application experiment using two building block types for the primary structure of a 4.27 m wingspan aircraft, where we spatially program elastic shape morphing to increase aerodynamic efficiency and improve roll control authority, demonstrated with full-scale wind tunnel testing.
Quantized massive scalar fields in the spacetime of a charged dilatonic black hole

Employing the approximate effective action constructed from the coincidence limit of the Hadamard-Minakshisundaram-DeWitt (HaMiDeW) coefficient a_{3}, the renormalized stress-energy tensor of the quantized massive scalar field in the spacetime of a static and electrically charged dilatonic black hole is calculated. Special attention is paid to the minimally and conformally coupled fields propagating in geometries with a=1, and to the power expansion of the general stress-energy tensor for small values of charge. A compact expression for the trace of the stress-energy tensor is presented.
Galerkin-truncated dynamics of ideal fluids and superfluids: cascades, thermalization and dissipative effects

In this thesis several different Fourier Galerkin-truncated conservative systems are studied. It is shown that, in a very general way, these systems relax toward the thermodynamic equilibrium with a small-scale thermalization that induces an effective dissipation at large scales while conserving the global invariants. The first part of this work is concerned with the study of the effective viscosity of the truncated Euler equation, making use of the EDQNM closure theory and Monte-Carlo methods. We propose a two-fluid model of the system and this work is extended to the case of helical flows. The relaxation dynamics described by the two-dimensional truncated magnetohydrodynamics equations and three-dimensional compressible fluids is then characterized. In a second part, a generalization of the previous study to the truncated Gross-Pitaevski equation is given. Finite-temperature effects that are present in superfluids, such as mutual friction and couterflow, are found to be naturally included in the truncated Gross-Pitaevski equation. This system thus appears as simple and rich model of superfluidity at finite temperature. Finally, the radiation produced by moving point Gross-Pitaevskii vortices is studied analytically and numerically.
Stop-and-Wait: Discover Aggregation Effect Based on Private Car Trajectory Data

Private cars, a class of small motor vehicles usually registered by an individual for personal use, constitute the vast majority of city automobiles and hence significantly affect urban traffic. In particular, private cars tend to stop-and-wait (SAW) in specific regions during daily driving. This SAW behavior produces a spatiotemporal aggregation effect, which facilitates the formation of urban hot zones. In this paper, we investigate the SAW behavior and aggregation effect based on large-scale private car trajectory data. Specifically, motivated by the first law of geography, we leverage the kernel density estimation (KDE) method and extend it to three dimensions to capture the density distribution of the SAW data. Furthermore, according to the inherent relationship between the present SAW density and future SAW aggregation, we propose a 3D-KDE-based prediction model to characterize the dynamic spatiotemporal aggregation effect. In addition, we design a modified inertia weight particle swarm optimization (MIW-PSO) algorithm to determine the optimal weight coefficients and to avoid local optima during SAW prediction. Extensive experiments based on real-world private car SAW data validate the effectiveness of our method for discovering dynamic aggregation effects, therein outperforming the current methods in terms of the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence, mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, our work is the first to utilize private car trajectory data to study the aggregation effect in urban environments, thereby being able to provide new insight into the study of traffic management and the evolution of urban traffic.
Effect of the use of Chia seeds (Salvia Hispanica L.) on some biochemical parameters in overweight and obese Iraqi women

Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing prevalence in adults and children, Obesity is one of the most important health problems in human beings and it increases the likelihood of various diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, and particularly heart disease, systemic hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, and certain types of cancer and osteoarthritis and authorities view it as one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. The consumption of bioactive compounds from the diet or dietary supplementation is one possible way to control obesity and to prevent or reduce the risks of getting various obesity-related diseases. Recently, there has been a remarkable interest in finding natural lipid inhibitors from natural products to replace synthetic compounds. Natural substances are presumed to be safe since they occur in plant foods, and are therefore seen as more desirable than their synthetic counterparts. Salvia hispanica L. , commonly known as chia, is an annual plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Originating in some countries, chia seed was used and consumed as a source of energy and incorporated into a number of foods in the diet of the indigenous Aztec civilization.
Microarray-Based Prediction of Polycythemia after Exposure to High Altitudes

In high-altitude environments, the prevalence of high-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) ranges between 5 and 18 percent. However, there is currently no effective treatment for this condition. Therefore, disease prevention has emerged as a critical strategy against this disease. Here, we looked into the microarray profiles of GSE135109 and GSE29977, linked to either short- or long-term exposure to the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (QTP). The results revealed inhibition in the adaptive immune response during 30 days of exposure to QTP. Following a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) discovered that genes associated with HAPC were enriched in Cluster1, which showed a dramatic upregulation on the third day after arriving at the QTP. We then used GeneLogit to construct a logistic prediction model, which allowed us to identify 50 genes that classify HAPC patients. In these genes, LRRC18 and HCAR3 were also significantly altered following early QTP exposure, suggesting that they may serve as hub genes for HAPC development. The in-depth study of a combination of the datasets of transcriptomic changes during exposure to a high altitude and whether diseases occur after long-term exposure in Hans can give us some inspiration about genes associated with HAPC development during adaption to high altitudes.
Macronutrient profile in milk replacer or a whole milk powder modulates growth performance, feeding behavior, and blood metabolites in ad libitum-fed calves.

Milk replacers (MR) for calves usually contain more lactose and less fat than bovine whole milk (WM). There are insufficient data to determine whether these MR formulations are optimal for calves fed at high planes of nutrition. Thus, the effect of 3 MR formulations and a WM powder were evaluated on growth, feeding behavior, and blood metabolites in 96 male Holstein calves fed ad libitum and with 45.5 ± 4.30 kg (mean ± SD) BW at arrival. Calves were blocked based on arrival sequence, and randomly assigned within block to one of the 4 treatments (n = 24 calves/group): a high-fat MR (25.0% fat, dry matter basis; 22.5% protein, 38.6% lactose; 21.3 MJ/kg; HF), a high lactose MR (44.6% lactose, 22.5% protein, 18.0% fat; 19.7 MJ/kg; HL), a high protein MR (26.0% protein, 18.0% fat, 41.5% lactose; 20.0 MJ/kg; HP), and a WM powder (26.0% fat; 24.5% protein, 38.0% lactose; 21.6 MJ/kg; WP). In the first 2 wk after arrival, calves were individually housed and were fed 3.0 L of their respective liquid feed 3 times daily at 135 g/L. They were then moved to group housing and fed ad libitum until d 42 after arrival. Weaning was gradual and took place between d 43 and 70 after arrival; thereafter, calves were fed solids only. Concentrates, chopped straw, and water were available ad libitum throughout the study. Body weight was measured, and blood was collected at arrival and then weekly thereafter from wk 1 to 12. Weight gain and height were greater in HL than WP calves. In the preweaning phase, HL and HP-fed calves consumed more milk than WP, and HL-fed calves consumed more milk than HF calves. In wk 10, starter feed intakes were lower in HF calves than in the other groups. In the preweaning phase, ME intakes were the same for all treatments. This suggests that milk intakes were regulated by the energy density of the milk supplied. The percentage of calves requiring therapeutic interventions related to diarrhea was greater in WP-fed calves (29%) than HF and HL calves (4%), whereas HP (13%) did not differ with other groups. This was coupled with lower blood acid-base, blood gas, and blood sodium in WP than in MR-fed calves. Calves fed HF had greater serum nonesterified fatty acids compared with other groups, and greater serum amyloid A compared with WP and HL calves. Among the serum parameters, insulin-like growth factor-1 and lactate dehydrogenase correlated positively with MR intake and average daily gain. The high lactose and protein intakes in HL and HP calves led to greater insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations than in WP-fed calves. Although growth differences were limited among MR groups, the metabolic profile largely differed and these differences require further investigation.
Immersive virtual reality for science learning: Design, implementation, and evaluation

ABSTRACT The advanced visualisation and interactive capabilities make immersive virtual reality (IVR) attractive for educators to investigate its educational benefits. This research reviewed 64 studies published in 2016–2020 to understand how science educators designed, implemented, and evaluated IVR-based learning. The immersive design features (sensory, actional, narrative, and social) originally suggested by Dede provided the framework for the analysis of IVR designs. Educators commonly adopted IVR to better aid visualisation of abstract concepts and enhance learning experience. IVR applications tended to have sensory and actional features, leaving out narrative and social features. Learning theories did not appear to play a strong role in the design, implementation, and evaluation of IVR-based learning. Participants generally reported their IVR experiences as positive on engagement and motivation but the learning outcomes were mixed. No particular immersive design features were identified to result in better learning outcomes. Careful consideration of the immersive design features in alignment with the rationales for adopting IVR and evaluation methods may contribute to more productive investigations of the educational benefits of IVR to improve science teaching and learning.
Increased Resection at DSBs in G2-Phase Is a Unique Phenotype Associated with DNA-PKcs Defects That Is Not Shared by Other Factors of c-NHEJ

The load of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced in the genome of higher eukaryotes by different doses of ionizing radiation (IR) is a key determinant of DSB repair pathway choice, with homologous recombination (HR) and ATR substantially gaining ground at doses below 0.5 Gy. Increased resection and HR engagement with decreasing DSB-load generate a conundrum in a classical non-homologous end-joining (c-NHEJ)-dominated cell and suggest a mechanism adaptively facilitating resection. We report that ablation of DNA-PKcs causes hyper-resection, implicating DNA-PK in the underpinning mechanism. However, hyper-resection in DNA-PKcs-deficient cells can also be an indirect consequence of their c-NHEJ defect. Here, we report that all tested DNA-PKcs mutants show hyper-resection, while mutants with defects in all other factors of c-NHEJ fail to do so. This result rules out the model of c-NHEJ versus HR competition and the passive shift from c-NHEJ to HR as the causes of the increased resection and suggests the integration of DNA-PKcs into resection regulation. We develop a model, compatible with the results of others, which integrates DNA-PKcs into resection regulation and HR for a subset of DSBs. For these DSBs, we propose that the kinase remains at the break site, rather than the commonly assumed autophosphorylation-mediated removal from DNA ends.