Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 54–68 GHz Power Amplifier With Improved Linearity and Efficiency in 40 nm CMOS

This brief presents a 54–68 GHz two-stage power amplifier (PA) with linearity and efficiency enhancement in a 40 nm CMOS process. The first stage adopts a current reuse cascaded common-source (CS) structure with a shunt RC feedback to maximize the gain and minimize the DC power consumption to boost the linearity and efficiency, while the second stage is a cascode structure with two built-in linearizers to enhance the linearity much further. Based on the proposed structure, the fabricated PA exhibits measured output of 1-dB compression point, saturated output power, power added efficiency (PAE) and AM-PM distortion of +14 dBm, +15 dBm, 20% and 8 degrees, respectively. In addition, the proposed CMOS PA achieves high and flat power gain of 14 dB with ripple less than 1.5 dB through the operating 54—68 GHz frequency band while consuming only 110 mW.
Development of a Manometric Monitoring Method for Early Detection of Air Microbiological Contamination in the Bloodstream

Atmospheric air is a microbial habitat of pathogenic bioaerosols that may pose serious risks to humans. A commonly laboratory-based approach for the diagnosis of such infections in the bloodstream is the blood culture analysis. Its clinical relevance is attributed to the fact that these infections are characterized by high rates of morbidity and mortality, requiring the need for efficient methods for rapid diagnosis. For this reason, our study aimed to develop a method of manometric monitoring for the rapid detection of viable microorganisms in blood culture vials. A methodology was developed to detect pressure variation in intra-vials through a manometric instrument that was coupled to vials of blood culture containing culture broth that allowed microbial growth. This device allowed the early detection of microbial activity based on the production or use of intra-flask gases as a result of microbial metabolic activity. The analyzed variables were the pressure as a function of time, microbial species, and culture medium. The highest pressure found in the flasks without microorganisms was 40 mmHg between 2 and 6 h, and the lowest pressure was −42 mmHg between 21 and 24 h. The variation of the internal pressure in blood culture flasks according to different groups of microorganisms as a function of time demonstrated that the fermentative gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci exhibited a significant increase in relation to their respective control groups (p < 0.001). The non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli showed expected results in relation to the pressure variation in which the production of negative pressures was noticed during the period of analysis, with a significant difference with respect to their control groups (p < 0.001). The developed methodology for the early detection of microorganisms responsible for bloodstream infection was demonstrated to be effective.
Structural Changes in Employment Diversification in Pakistan: Assessing the Role of Sectoral Employment Elasticities in Employment Generation

a Lecturer, Department of Economics, University of Sahiwal, Pakistan Email: Fouziayasmin@uosahiwal.edu. pk b Research Scholar, Department of Economics, The Women University Multan, Pakistan Email: Nazianasir38@gmail.com c Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, The Women University Multan, Pakistan Email: Noreen.safdar@wum.edu. pk d Lecturer, School of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Email: sidrach@bzu.edu. pk
The Missing Voices: Carers’ Experiences of Section 17 Leave (Mental Health Act 1983) in England

In the United Kingdom, 1.5 m partners, friends and family members provide substantial care and support to people experiencing mental health problems. Previous studies have focused on the experiences of such carers in community settings. This study focused on carers of those detained in inpatient settings under the Mental Health Act 1983 who maintain relationships via Section 17 (s.17) leave. Semi-structured telephone interviews with five carers were analysed thematically and identified that carers: struggled with the emotional impact of s.17 leave, experiencing anxiety, guilt, and stigma; experienced practical challenges and self-sacrificed in order to support s.17 leave; but reported positive impacts on the maintenance and development of their and the detained person’s social identities and networks. However, these carers received very little support. Implications for social workers include the need to support carers before, during and after s.17 leave, through supporting their involvement in planning the leave, ensuring that escorted leave is staffed by those known to the carer, raising awareness of carer needs and referring carers for support and/or psychoeducation and a care needs assessment. Social workers are well-placed to take a holistic view and support carers in navigating the challenges that caring for somebody around s.17 leave can bring.
Eight Weeks Twenty Meters Walk Aerobic Exercise Improve Cardio-respiratory Fitness and Muscular Strength of Stroke Survivor Outpatients in Tertiary Hospitals in Osogbo, Nigeria

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of an eight weeks twenty meters walk on the cardiorespiratory fitness and strength of the shoulder extensor, hip extensor, and dorsiflexor of stroke survivor outpatients in two tertiary hospitals in Osogbo, Nigeria. METHODS: A purposive sampling technique was used to select 21 registered right or left outpatient hemiplegic stroke survivors in a pre- and post-test experimental research design. The research questions were presented using the descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The differences between the mean of the cardio-respiratory indices and the muscle strength were tested by repeated measures analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: No significant differences in heart rate were observed at week 0 compared to week 4. A significant decrease was recorded in the parameter at week 8, compared to week 4. Moreover, there were significant decreases in blood pressure and respiratory rate in week 0, compared to week 4, and in the respiratory rate, compared to week 8. In contrast, significant elevations in VO2 max were observed in week 0, compared to week 4, and in the week 4, compared to week 8. Furthermore, significant elevations in muscular strength were documented when comparisons were made at weeks 0, 4, and 8. CONCLUSION: Eight weeks of twenty meters walk aerobic exercise improve the cardio-respiratory fitness and muscular strength of stroke survivor outpatients.
A Study on Effectiveness of Deep Neural Networks for Speech Signal Enhancement in Comparison with Wiener Filtering Technique

: This paper intends to provide the optimum method between the Wiener filtering method and the Neural networks method for speech signal enhancement. A speech signal is highly susceptible to various noises. Many denoising methods include removal of high frequency components from the original signal. But this leads to removal of few parts of original signal. Thus, the quality of the signal reduces which is highly undesirable. Our main objective is to denoise the signal while we enhance its quality. Two methods, namely fully connected and convolutional neural network methods are compared with the Wiener filtering method and the most suitable technique will be suggested. To compare the output signal quality, we compute Signal to Noise ratio (SNR) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). An advanced version of MATLAB with the advanced toolboxes such as Deep Learning toolbox, Audio toolbox, Signal Processing toolbox etc will be utilized for speech denoising and its quality enhancement.
Terrestrial Carbon Stock Potential in Selected Forest in Bhutan, India and Nepal

Forests are natural carbon reservoirs that play an important role in the global carbon cycle for storing large quantities of carbon in vegetation and soils. Carbon stored in pool helps in mitigating climate change by carbon sequestration. The vulnerable countries to changing climate such as Bhutan, Nepal, and India require a full understanding of carbon dynamics as well as baseline data on carbon stock potential to mitigate anticipated risks and vulnerabilities (RVs) through climate change. The scope of such RVs are trans boundary in nature, however, the comparative studies at regional scale are still scanty. Therefore, the aim of this review is to assess the carbon stock potentials of selected forest types in the eastern Himalayan area, with an emphasis on Bhutan, India, and Nepal. This review paper is based on published articles, information from websites and considerable data from National forestry reports of India and Bhutan; emphasizing on aboveground biomass and soil organic carbon stock. The review showed that carbon stock potential is highly dependent on stand density, above-ground biomass, species richness and forest types. The sub-tropical forest was found to have larger carbon capacity and sequestration potential. SOC concentration and tree biomass stocks were significantly higher at the high altitude where there is less human disturbance. In general, forest coverage has increased compare to previous year in Bhutan, India and Nepal which ultimately Review Article Choden et al.; AJEE, 15(1): 21-32, 2021; Article no.AJEE. 68864 22 leads to higher carbon stock potential. It is mainly due to strong policies and different strategies for conservation of forest management have reduced mass destruction despite a growing population. Despite the rules, deforestation continues to occur at various scales. However, it can be stated that the government and citizens are working hard to increase carbon stock potential, mostly through afforestation and community forest creation. In addition, it is recommended to practice sustainable forest management, regulated and planned cutting of trees and proper forest products utilization.
Control of humping phenomenon and analyzing mechanical properties of Al–Si wire-arc additive manufacturing fabricated samples using cold metal transfer process

Nowadays, rapid prototyping is an emerging trend that is followed by industries and auto sector on a large scale which produces intricate geometrical shapes for industrial applications. The wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technique produces large scale industrial products which having intricate geometrical shapes, which is fabricated by layer by layer metal deposition. In this paper, the CMT technique is used to fabricate single-walled WAAM samples. CMT has a high deposition rate, lower thermal heat input and high cladding efficiency characteristics. Humping is a common defect encountered in the WAAM method which not only deteriorates the bead geometry/weld aesthetics but also limits the positional capability in the process. Humping defect also plays a vital role in the reduction of hardness and tensile strength of the fabricated WAAM sample. The humping defect can be controlled by using low heat input parameters which ultimately improves the mechanical properties of WAAM samples. Two types of path planning directions namely uni-directional and bi-directional are adopted in this paper. Results show that the optimum WAAM sample can be achieved by adopting a bi-directional strategy and operating with lower heat input process parameters. This avoids both material wastage and humping defect of the fabricated samples.
Breast cancer; awareness of breast cancer, self-breast examination and its practice in educated women

Prevalence of breast carcinoma is more in urban population compared to rural population. The incidence among younger population is also increasing compared to older population. More and more younger women are being diagnosed with breast cancer. In younger women these cancers are generally more aggressive and result in lower survival rates. The 5-year survival rate reached to 85% with early detection whereas later detection decreased the survival rate to 56%. The low survival rates in less developed countries can be attributed to the lack of early detection as well as inadequate diagnosis and treatment facilities. This demands for measures to ensure an early detection of breast cancer.
Research on Early Warning Model of Financial Crisis Based on SCAD-SVM

After more than half a century of development, there are numerous empirical analyses on financial early warning models, most of which take listed companies as the research object. The financial crisis early warning of listed companies is a small sample, and the application of neural network and logistic regression model has the problem of over-fitting, which leads to the effect of the model is not obvious. In recent years, the support vector machine method given risk minimization criteria has been widely used in financial crisis early warning, but few scholars combine SVM and penalty letter SCAD methods for financial early warning analysis. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved variable selection method Scad and support vector machine (SVM) combined model algorithm to select the best indicators and used for financial crisis early warning, and then based on the Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies as the research sample comparison Empirical effects of SVM, Lasso-SVM and Dantzig-SVM, the research results show that the selection of variables can greatly improve the accuracy of the financial crisis early warning model, and the SCAD method in the variable selection method has more advantages than Lasso and Dantzig. The SCAD-SVM model proposed has an accuracy rate of over 96% on both the training set and the test set in this paper. The model has a good classification effect and a strong economic interpretation ability. The research results of this paper not only enrich the financial early warning model, but also greatly improve the accuracy of financial crisis early warning, and provide a theoretical basis for the scientific decision-making of enterprises and shareholders.
Assessment of the use of low-calorie sweeteners amongst Indian population and their awareness about their adverse effects

Introduction: Obesity is one of the leading causes for morbidity and mortality worldwide and various countermeasures to tackle this global malice have been implemented, one of these being low-calorie sweeteners (LCS). However, unbeknownst to many, habitual use of such sweeteners could potentially have several detrimental effects on health of the consumer. The present research was undertaken to assess the awareness about these adverse effects in Indian population. Materials and Methods: An online questionnaire-based survey was carried out on a sample size comprising of 607 individuals of Indian nationality. The questionnaire comprised of 18 closed-ended questions pertaining to use of LCS and awareness about their adverse effects. Results: While majority of respondents declared that they added sugar in their food/beverages regularly, 51.65% of respondents preferred ‘Diet/Low calorie’ products containing LCS in the market over sugar-added products. Sucralose was found to be most popular amongst various commercially available artiﬁcial sweeteners. There was a statistically signiﬁcant difference seen for the responses pertaining to awareness about artiﬁcial sweeteners and their uses or beneﬁts between various educational groups (p<0.01, 0.05) wherein respondents that were graduates or above had greater cognizance about the subject as compared to respondents with lower educational qualiﬁcation. Conclusion: Although artiﬁcial sweeteners are presently being marketed widely as health substitutes, data regarding the possible adverse effects associated with their frequent use is still limited. Case-control studies are required to establish causal relationship between various artiﬁcial sweeteners and elicited adverse effects. The general population needs to be cautioned against unwarranted and injudicious use of LCS.
Foraging Behaviour of Heterotrigona itama (Apidae: Meliponini) in Residential Areas

This study aims to investigate the foraging behaviour of Heterotrigona itama in exploiting food resources at a residential area, and the viability of this species to adapt to urban microclimatic conditions. Heterotrigona itama prefers to forage at areas closer to their nesting site, where diverse food sources are found. The marked bees of H. itama prefer to forage on various resources available at a 500-metre radius from the house yard. The obtained results indicate that the active foraging pattern of H. itama is negatively correlated to the time phases of a day (p < 0.05). This phenomenon was contributed by the three peaks of foraging hours, which reached a peak in the early morning (6:30 to 8:00 a.m.), moderately peaked towards the evening (2:30 to 3:30 p.m.), and was greatest towards the afternoon (10:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.). The ambient temperature and relative humidity were not the primary factors influencing the average number of foragers exiting from and returning to the hives (temperature, p > 0.05; and humidity, p > 0.05). There was a difference between the varieties of content resources collected by the bees (p < 0.05). The nectar or water sources was the highest material (51.39%) that was brought back to the hive by foragers, followed by resin (34.73%) and pollen (13.87%). There was a significant difference in foraging time Suzan Benedick, Jualang Azlan Gansau and Abdul Hamid Ahmad 486 Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci. 44 (2): 485 502 (2021) phases by returning foragers for collecting resin (p < 0.05) and nectar or water (p < 0.02), but there was no significant difference in foraging time phases found for pollen (p > 0.05). The results showed that H. itama is able to withstand urban microclimate conditions, and successfully incorporated pollen, nectar or water, and resin obtained from floral and non-floral resources into their diet.
Enemy at the (house) gates: permanence of gender discrimination in public relations career promotion in Latin America

This study develops models capable of finding empirical relations between social factors in practitioners’ private lives, that is to say, extra-organizational or external factors to the work environment that affect the career promotion of female professionals in public relations. The aim is to analyse some gender issues at a global level by exploring the Latin American subcontinent, where there is an accepted lack of knowledge. With that purpose, the focus is on the public relations practitioners’ care responsibilities (such as living with children or dependents) and if these responsibilities influence their opportunities for career development in Latin American countries. Quantitative data from 803 Latin American practitioners representing 18 countries were analysed through predictive multivariable analysis with data mining techniques, using hierarchical decision trees. The applied statistical method is valid to explain some of the extra-organizational factors that affect female career promotion in public relations and can be used for other studies. Results empirically found that family dependency and caring responsibilities affect the career opportunities of women, and that family responsibilities do not affect men’s chances to career promotion. Therefore, the predictive analysis statistically proves that gender can be a determinant factor for career promotion in these circumstances.
MMP1 is a Promiseful Prognostic Biomarker and Correlating with Immune Infiltrates in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background: Recombinase-aided amplification(RAA) is a new, simple, and ultrafast isothermal molecular diagnostic technique performed within 30min at 39°C–42°C.In this study, we evaluated the clinical performance of four duplex RAA kits for hepatitis B virus(HBV), human adenovirus 3(HAdV3), human adenovirus 7(HAdV7), and Bordetella pertussis and one duplex reverse-transcription RAA (RT-RAA) kit for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Methods: A total of 392 sera and 374 respiratory tract samples were collected from five institutions in four China regions. Each RAA kit’s sensitivity and specificity were compared with those of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR), or sequencing. Results: Compared with qPCR or qRT-PCR, the sensitivities of HBV RAA,RSV RT-RAA, and B.pertussis RAA were 97.55%,96.67%, and 100%,respectively,and all of the specificities were 100%. The total coincidence rates were 97.78%(383/392,95%CI:95.63%–98.85%),97.70%(212/217, 95%CI:94.57%–99.16%), and 100%(60/60,95%CI:92.80%–100%),respectively. The Kappa values were 0.977,0.947, and 1,respectively(P<0.05). Regarding the sequencing, the sensitivities of HAdV3 RAA and HAdV7 RAA were 100% and 97.37%, respectively, and all specificities were 100%. The total coincidence rates were 100%(97/97,95%CI:91.58%–100%) and 98.97%(96/97,95%CI:94.39%–99.82%),and the Kappa values were 1 and 0.978 (P<0.05),respectively.Conclusions: With comparable clinical performance, these RAA kits are suitable assays for rapidly detecting pathogens in resource-limited laboratories.
Life Cycle Impacts of Enzyme Production: Xylanase Production Case Study via Solid-state Fermentation and Suspended Culture Methods

Xylanase enzyme has the potential to be used in bread production, as addition of small amounts of xylanase can significantly increase the volume of the bread, making it more appealing to the consumer. In this study, the environmental life cycle assessment of producing xylanase via suspended culture and solid-state fermentation methods has been realized by using CCaLC software with Ecoinvent 2 database and CML2001 method and the following impacts were calculated: carbon footprint, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, ozone layer depletion potential, photochemical smog potential, and human toxicity potential. Raw material acquisition, production, and transportation stages were taken into account. Results show that solid-state fermentation method has much higher environmental impact than the suspended culture method, mostly because of the higher yield of the latter. Energy consumption in the bioreactor stage, followed by high amounts of water use in separation and cleaning processes emerged as the main hotspots. The results showed consistency with earlier literature for high-purity enzyme production. An analysis of the potential implications of the nation-wide use of xylanase in bread production in Turkey showed that xylanase can increase the carbon footprint of bread production by 20% on average (of the two methods).
A Novel Real-Time Electricity Scheduling for Home Energy Management System Using the Internet of Energy

This paper presents a novel scheduling scheme for the real-time home energy management systems based on Internet of Energy (IoE). The scheme is a multi-agent method that considers two chief purposes including user satisfaction and energy consumption cost. The scheme is designed under environment of microgrid. The user impact in terms of energy cost savings is generally significant in terms of system efficiency. That is why domestic users are involved in the management of domestic appliances. The optimization algorithms are based on an improved version of the rainfall algorithm and the salp swarm algorithm. In this paper, the Time of Use (ToU) model is proposed to define the rates for shoulder-peak and on-peak hours. A two-level communication system connects the microgrid system, implemented in MATLAB, to the cloud server. The local communication level utilizes IP/TCP and MQTT and is used as a protocol for the global communication level. The scheduling controller proposed in this study succeeded the energy saving of 25.3% by using the salp swarm algorithm and saving of 31.335% by using the rainfall algorithm.