Definició lexicogràfica i estructura del diccionari

Lobjectiu principal daquesta tesi es la formulacio dun sistema de redaccio de definicions lexicografiques per a diccionaris generals del catala que redueixi al minim els efectes de circularitat, que no limiti "a priori" el conjunt delements disponibles de la metallengua, que estableixi amb rigor els criteris dutilitzacio de la metallengua i que elimini la redundancia en la descripcio lexicografica. La formulacio daquest sistema parteix de certes analisis teoriques sobre el metode de descripcio lexicografic, les seves mancances i les seves necessitats de sistematitzacio descriptiva. Les aportacions teoriques de la tesi se centren en: 1. La sistematitzacio dels criteris de delimitacio dels objectes de descripcio (les entrades de diccionari); 2. Lanalisi dels diccionaris com a model estructurat del lexic i la revisio dalgunes aportacions de la lexicografia computacional y dels lexics electronics; 3. Lestudi de les caracteristiques semantiques que incideixen o haurien dincidir en la forma de les parafrasis de definicio; i 4. Lestudi de la definicio lexicografica, a partir de les contribucions de la lexicografia teorica i la presentacio original de certs aspectes teorics sobre lequivalencia definit-definicio. El principal objectiu de la tesi saconsegueix amb la proposta dun conjunt nuclear de metallengua de definicio integrada en un sistema adequat que estableix els mecanismes de projeccio duna metallengua total del diccionari. La proposta plantejada en aquesta tesi reuneix les seguents propietats: a) Supera els problemes descriptius dels vocabularis controlats, i aprofita els seus avantatges pel que fa a lorganitzacio estructurada del diccionari. b) Permet descriure de manera organitzada el significat lexic i concentrar en un petit grup de mots (minim, dacord amb els arguments exposats en la tesi) totes les desviacions estructurals i metodologiques del diccionari. c) Integra per a la seva aplicacio la caracteritzacio completa dun nivell axiomatic que es la base de la projeccio estructurada de tot el diccionari. La consecucio de lobjectiu principal daquest treball i la demostracio de les seves hipotesis sinscriuen en el marc general duna concepcio de la lexicografia metodologicament renovada, amb una visio integrada dels aspectes teorics, computacionals y aplicats de la descripcio lexica, pero alhora respectuosa amb les claus interpretatives dels diccionaris convencionals, i molt especialment amb la utilitzacio de la llengua natural com a mitja dexpressio de les definicions i, per tant, com a metallengua de descripcio del lexic. "ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The main goal of this thesis is the formulation of a system able to construct lexicographic definitions in monolingual dictionaries of Catalan. Such a system should minimize the deviation effects of circularity, without any aprioristic restriction on the set of elements belonging to the description metalanguage, rigorously establishing the application criteria of the metalanguage and avoiding redundancy in lexicographic description. The formulation of the system proposed derives from certain theoretical analysis on the lexicographic description method, and especially on its lacks and its needs of sistematization. The theoretical contributions of this thesis are focussed in: 1. The systematization of the relevant delimitation criteria in order to define the objects of description (dictionary entries); 2. The analysis of dictionaries as a structured model of the lexicon and the review of several contributions from computational lexicography and electronic lexicons; 3. The study of semantic aspects relevant (or that should be taken as relevant) in order to establish the form of definition paraphrases; and 4. The study of lexicographic definition from the point of view of the contributions of theoretical lexicography, and the original presentation of different theoretical implications on the equivalence between the word defined and its definition. The main goal of this thesis is achieved by means of the proposal of a nucleus of a definition metalanguage integrated in a suitable system that clearly establishes the projection devices in order to obtain the global metalanguage of the dictionary. The proposal given in this thesis presents the following properties: a) Avoids the descriptive underlying problems in controlled vocabularies, taking profit from their advantages with regards to the structured organization of the dictionary. b) Allows to describe in an organized way the lexical meaning and to concentrate in a reduced set of words (that should be taken as the minimum, according to the reasons exposed in the thesis) all the structural and methodological deviations of the dictionary. c) Integrates the complete description of an axiomatic level, which is the base of the structured projection of the dictionary. The achievement of the principal goal of this work and the demonstration of its hypothesis must be included in the general framework of an innovative conception of lexicography, that takes into account both practical, computational, and theoretical aspects of lexical description, without putting aside the interpretative keys of conventional lexicography, especially those referred to the use of natural language as a way to express definitions and, consequently, as a descriptive metalanguage of the lexicon. "