Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Size effect on interlayer shear between graphene sheets

Interlayer shear between graphene sheets plays an important role in graphene-based materials and devices, but the effect of in-plane deformation of graphene, which may depend on the graphene size, has not been fully understood. In this paper, the size effect on interlayer shear behavior between two graphene sheets is studied based on a non-linear shear-lag model with energy barrier analysis, in which both the lattice registry effect and the elastic deformation of graphene are taken into account, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are carried out to verify the model. Both theoretical prediction and MD simulations show that the maximum interlayer shear force of short graphene sheets increases with the graphene length and width. However, if the sheet length is beyond 20 nm, the maximum shear force cannot be further increased by increasing the graphene length due to the non-uniform relative displacement between graphene layers, which is caused by the in-plane deformation of graphene. The upper bound of t.
Assessing potential impact of tsunami on Penang Island via TUNA-RP simulation

The Indian Ocean mega tsunami that occurred on 26 December 2004 resulted in the death of over 200,000 people worldwide, including 52 deaths in Penang Island, Malaysia. This rare but devastating tsunami highlights the vulnerability to future tsunamis for Malaysian coastal communities living in affected areas. To assess the potential impact of future tsunami, numerical tsunami models are used to project the maximum inundation distances and maximum runup heights along the affected coastal areas. In this paper, the in-house one-dimensional tsunami runup model codenamed TUNA-RP is enhanced and used to investigate the relations between the steepness of beach slope and tsunami impact, specifically inundation distance and runup height. The simulation results of TUNA-RP show that the inundation distances and runup heights decrease exponentially as the steepness of beach slope increases. Inundation distance and runup height at seven high-risk coastal areas in Penang Island, such as Teluk Bahang, Batu Feringghi and Tanjung Bungah, are presented in this paper to highlight risks and vulnerability. At certain locations along Penang beaches, a worst-case scenario may result in a tsunami with runup heights of 10 m which is highly dangerous, that might potentially take the lives of hundreds or thousands. Recognizing this vulnerability to tsunami risks for Penang, further research is essential for developing tsunami resilience in the face of this tsunami hazard.
Be More Conceptual Regarding Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) as Art

abstract:This statement presents the author's proposition—"Let's be more conceptual! "—in response to the attempt to interpret Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) as contemporary art. In the context of NFTs, this opinion has the significance of finding artistry in the underlying decentralized autonomous consensus-building, and in the context of contemporary art, it has the significance of leading to the revival of early conceptual art. The second half of this statement covers the novelty and feasibility of this opinion, referring to precedents in art and engineering.
Uniform flow around a square cylinder using the Self-induced angular Moment Method turbulence model

The uniform flow around a square cylinderat Reynolds number 1e5 is simulated in a threedimensional domain by means of the newly developedSelf-induced angular Moment Method, SMoM.The model does not utilize Reynolds averaging. No additional transport equations are introduced and no implicit or explicit filtering is performed. The model is, in all its simplicity, a modification of the classical constitutive equations of fluids to which a term is added that accounts for the transfer for angular momentum between parts of the fluid. The time-mean and fluctuating force coefficients, pressure distributions and velocity fields have been determined along with circumferential surface pressure correlations. All simulated quantities have been compared to experimental findings and state-of-the-art Large Eddy Simulations, LES. No LES simulations could be found in literature, which provided results at the same level of accuracy for all the reported parameters. Hence, the SMoMturbulence model is found to provide an alternative to the Large Eddy Simulations.
A Life In Science

Norman K. Wessells’ (Fig. 1) colleagues, students, and postdoctoral fellows threw a “retirement” party and symposium in his honor at Stanford University at the end of July 2004. The “Normfest” was hosted by Don Kennedy, President Emeritus of Stanford, and Editor-in-Chief of Science magazine. The event was planned and orchestrated by Paul Letourneau, University of Minnesota, who completed his doctoral studies with Norm in 1974; Rae Nishi, University of Vermont, who was an undergraduate researcher in The Wessells Lab in the early 1970s; and Ellen Porzig, Stanford University, who completed her doctoral work with Wessells in 1976. The party was a bit belated. Norm joined the faculty of the Biology Department at Stanford University in 1962 and left Stanford as emeritus professor and former Dean of Humanities and Sciences in 1988. He then moved to the University of Oregon to become Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs and Professor of Biology, leaving as emeritus professor in 1999. However, a “retirement” party was certainly too early, because Norm is still actively writing and updating the most broadly based and articulate texts in vertebrate biology available today (see Wessells, 1980a,b, 1988, 1990). Norm is the author of ten books, including the outstanding texts cited above and the notable and provocative Tissue Interactions in Development (1973) and Tissue Interactions and Development (1977), and more than 80 scientific papers, including several classic Scientific American articles and publications in PNAS, Science, and Nature. What was notable about much of the work of Norm’s students was that they were the sole authors cited on the published work that came from their theses and related projects. Norm’s reluctance to add his name to their papers reflected his confidence in their work and their independence, as well as his modest assessment of his contribution to the work. This consideration, which essentially more than halved the publication list in his own CV, was much appreciated by his students and postdocs, although all of us were enormously influenced by his contribution to our science.
Multifocal contact lens

(57) Abstract: multifocal contact lens designed according to each patient, (i) a central aspherical surface, an annular spherical inner surface adjacent to (ii) a central non-spherical surface, (iii) cyclic spherical inner surface a second annular spherical surface adjacent along the radially inner peripheral surface with, is partially defined by an annular spherical outer surface which are adjacent to each other along the (iv) radially inner peripheral surface having a second annular spherical surface It includes a forward side with a magnification sphere. Annular spherical surface is, respectively, respectively central aspherical surface concentrically or coaxially. Central non-spherical surface is equivalent to a long-range vision correction band. Annular spherical inner surface is a spherical surface corresponding to the intermediate distance vision correction zone. The second annular spherical surface corresponds to a short distance correction zone, an annular spherical outer surface corresponds to the distance vision correction zone.
Some properties of solutions for a sixth-order Cahn–Hilliard type equation with inertial term

ABSTRACT In this paper, we study a Cahn–Hilliard type equation with inertial term, which arises in dynamics of phase transitions in ternary oil–water–surfactant systems. We use regularity estimates for the semigroups and a classical existence theorem of global attractor to derive that the sixth-order Cahn–Hilliard equation with possesses a global attractor. Using a lemma on the ordinary differential inequality of a second order, we prove the blow-up of the solution for the initial-boundary problem with .
Hydrodynamic electronic fluid instability in GaAs MESFETs at terahertz frequencies

III–V compound semiconductor field effect transistors (FETs) are potential candidates as solid state THz emitters and detectors due to plasma wave instability in these devices. Using a 2D hydrodynamic model, here we present the numerical studies of electron fluid instability in a FET structure. The model is implemented in a GaAs MESFET structure with a gate length of 0.2 µm as a testbed by taking into account the non-equilibrium transport and multi-valley non-parabolicity energy bands. The results show that the electronic density instability in the channel can produce stable periodic oscillations at THz frequencies. Along with stable oscillations, negative differential resistance in output characteristics is observed. The THz emission energy density increases monotonically with the drain bias. The emission frequency of electron density oscillations can be tuned by both gate and drain biases. The results suggest that III–V FETs can be a kind of versatile THz devices with good tunability on both radiative power and emission frequency.
Synchronisation of heterogeneous Kuramoto oscillators with sampled information and a constant leader

ABSTRACT The Kuramoto oscillator has been widely studied because it can model a wide variety of engineering problems. Conditions for frequency synchronisation of a network of undirected coupled Kuramoto oscillators have been well established. However, the topology that describes the interaction between oscillators may not be connected due to environmental limitations or link failures. In this work we propose a consensus-based control strategy that forces the network to follow a virtual agent with a constant frequency, and where only few agents have access to the leader state. The controller is based on the exchange of information between the oscillators through a communication network. We introduce conditions for synchronisation and phase cohesiveness with the proposed control strategy that depends on the interaction between the physical topology and the communication topology. Finally, we study two applications to illustrate concepts presented in this work: (1) frequency synchronisation in smart grids; and (2) vehicle coordination.
Optimal Battery Control Under Cycle Aging Mechanisms

We study the optimal control of battery energy storage under a general "pay-for-performance" setup such as providing frequency regulation and renewable integration. Batteries need to carefully balance the trade-off between following to the instruction signals and their degradation costs in real-time. Existing battery control strategies either do not consider the uncertainty of future signals, or cannot accurately account for battery cycle aging mechanism during operation. In this work, we take a different approach to the optimal battery control problem. Instead of attacking the complexity of battery degradation function or the lack of future information one at a time, we address these two challenges together in a joint fashion. In particular, we present an electrochemically accurate and trackable battery degradation model called the rainflow cycle-based model. We prove the degradation cost is convex. Then we propose an online control policy with a simple threshold structure and show it achieve near-optimal performance with respect to an offline controller that has complete future information. We explicitly characterize the optimality gap and show it is independent to length of the time of operations. Simulation results with both synthetic and real regulation traces are conducted to illustrate the theoretical results.
Sparse MRI and CT Reconstruction

iii DEDICATION . v TABLE OF CONTENTS . vi LIST OF TABLES . ix LIST OF FIGURES . x CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1. Imaging Models: CT and MRI . 1 1.1.1. CT . 1 1.1.1.1. Sparse-view CT . 2 1.1.2. MRI . 5 1.1.2.1. Compressed sensing MRI (CSMRI) . 5 CHAPTER 2METHODS . 10 2.1. Computed tomography reconstruction . 10 2.1.1. Computed tomography method: AIRR method . 10 2.1.1.1. Traditional IRR method . 11 2.1.1.2. AIRR method . 13 Iterative algebraic reconstruction . 14 Shearlet-based denoising . 15 Reprojection. 17 2.1.2. Computed Tomography Method: CTV . 19 2.1. 3. Computed Tomography Method: Nonconvex L1-L2 CT . 24
A two-phase approach to the shifts and breaks design problem using integer linear programming

In this thesis we make use of integer linear programming methods to obtain solutions to the shift design problem, the break scheduling problem, and the shifts and breaks design problem. Results are obtained by using the commercially available optimisation package Cplex. By using integer linear programming we are able to proof optimal solutions for many instances of shift design which were not known before. Furthermore this approach shows better results than existing methods when allowing only a short running time. Our approach to break scheduling shows not to be competitive with results in the literature, however it shows to be effective in our two-phased approach to the shifts and break design problem. We combine our approaches used for shift design and break scheduling to form a twophased approach to the shifts and breaks design problem. This two-phased approach out performs the current best method for shifts and breaks design on a set of randomly generated instances as well as on a set of real life instances.
Correlación de polimorfismos del gen COL1A2 con fluorosis dental en niños mexicanos

Dental fluorosis (FD, for its achronym in spanish) is the hypomineralization of dental enamel caused by increased porosity, severity is due to an excessive intake of fluoride with a dose-response relationship during enamel development. The objective of this study was to determine correlation of rs810687 and rs411717 polymorphisms of (colageno tipo 1 alfa 2) COL1A2 gene with FD in Mexican children aged 10 to 12 years, using Dean Index to establish degree of FD and PCR-HRM for polymorphisms genotyping. We included 100 children of 10.9 ± 0.78 years; Allele and genotype frequencies found were: G = 52.5%, A = 47.5%, G/G = 27.5%, G/A = 49.8%, A/A = 22.5%, C = 63.3%, T = 36.5%, C/C = 40.3%, C/T = 46.3%, T/T = 13.3% of rs810687 and rs411717 polymorphisms respectively; with a Pearson correlation coefficient r = – 0.017 (p > 0.05) with FD. Results showed that there was no correlation between FD and presence of rs810687 and rs411717 polymorphisms of the COL1A2 gene. * Laboratorio de Estomatología Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango. Predio Canoas s/n, Col. Los Ángeles, Durango, Durango, México. C.P. 34070. Tel. y fax (618) 8121417. Correo electrónico: gzambrano@ujed.mx ** Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango. Avenida Universidad s/n, Col Centro, Durango, Durango, México, C.P. 34000. Tel. : (618) 8121779. ***Laboratorio de Patología Bucal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango. Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango. Predio Canoas s/n, Col. Los Ángeles, Durango, Durango, México, C.P. 34070. Tel. y fax: (618) 8121417. ◊ Autor de correspondencia. Palabras clave: Polimorfismo; fluorosis dental; correlación; México.
EQUATIONS OF MOTION OF COMPLEX MULTIBODY SYSTEMS USING KINEMATICAL DIFFERENTIALS

In complex multibody systems the motion of the bodies may depend on only a few degrees of freedom. For these systems, the equations of motion of minimal order, although more difficult to obtain, give a very efficient formulation. The present paper describes an approach for the automatic generation of these equations, which avoids the use of LAGRANGE-multipliers. By a particular concept, designated “kinematical differentials”, the problem of determining the partial derivatives required to state the equations of motion is reduced to a simple re-evaluation of the kinematics. These cover the solution of the global position, velocity and acceleration problems, i.e. the motion of all bodies is determined for given generalized (independent) coordinates. For their formulation and solution, the multibody system is mapped to a network of nonlinear transformation elements which are connected by linear equations. Each transformation element, designated “kinematical transformer”, corresponds to an independent multibod.
Using Universal Kriging to Improve Neighborhood Physical Disorder Measurement

Ordinary kriging, a spatial interpolation technique, is commonly used in social sciences to estimate neighborhood attributes such as physical disorder. Universal kriging, developed and used in physical sciences, extends ordinary kriging by supplementing the spatial model with additional covariates. We measured physical disorder on 1,826 sampled block faces across four U.S. cities (New York, Philadelphia, Detroit, and San Jose) using Google Street View imagery. We then compared leave-one-out cross-validation accuracy between universal and ordinary kriging and used random subsamples of our observed data to explore whether universal kriging could provide equal measurement accuracy with less spatially dense samples. Universal kriging did not always improve accuracy. However, a measure of housing vacancy did improve estimation accuracy in Philadelphia and Detroit (7.9 percent and 6.8 percent lower root mean square error, respectively) and allowed for equivalent estimation accuracy with half the sampled points in Philadelphia. Universal kriging may improve neighborhood measurement.
Adjoint based Hessian evaluation for SPN modeled optical tomography

Hessian matrices are important in inversion algorithms due to their potential of use in full Newton schemes, analysis of reconstruction results, and in experimental design. We present for the first time an adjoint based evaluation of the Hessian matrix for the SPN-approximation modeled forward operator in optical tomography. The Hessians so calculated are numerically validated with respect to finite difference calculations. We present comparisons between computational requirements of the present scheme with a mixed scheme which evaluates the Hessian as the first difference of the adjoint based Jacobians.
Varieties of Community Uncertainty and Clinical Equipoise

ABSTRACT:The judgments of conscientious and informed experts play a central role in two elements of clinical equipoise. The first, and most widely discussed, element involves ensuring that no participant in a randomized trial is allocated to a level of treatment that everyone agrees is substandard. The second, and less often discussed, element involves ensuring that trials are likely to generate social value by producing the information necessary to resolve a clinically meaningful uncertainty or disagreement about the relative merits of a set of interventions. The distribution of judgments in expert communities can take many forms, each with important implications for whether a trial satisfies one or both elements of clinical equipoise. In this article we use a graphical approach to represent three ways in which expert community uncertainty can vary: by spread, modality, and skew. Understanding these different distributions of expert judgment has three important implications: it helps to make operational the requirement of social value, it shows that some conditions for initiating studies to promote social value diverge from common assumptions about clinical equipoise, and it has important implications for how trials should be designed and monitored, and what patients should be told during informed consent.
Statistical Analysis with Missing Data.

Statistical analysis of data sets with missing values is a pervasive problem for which standard methods are of limited value. The first edition of Statistical Analysis with Missing Data has been a standard reference on missing-data methods. Now, reflecting extensive developments in Bayesian methods for simulating posterior distributions, this Second Edition by two acknowledged experts on the subject offers a thoroughly up-to-date, reorganized survey of current methodology for handling missing-data problems.
Brightness checkerboard lattice method for the calibration of the coaxial reverse Hartmann test

The coaxial reverse Hartmann test (RHT) is widely used in the measurement of large aspheric surfaces as an auxiliary method for interference measurement, because of its large dynamic range, highly flexible test with low frequency of surface errors, and low cost. And the accuracy of the coaxial RHT depends on the calibration. However, the calibration process remains inefficient, and the signal-to-noise ratio limits the accuracy of the calibration. In this paper, brightness checkerboard lattices were used to replace the traditional dot matrix. The brightness checkerboard method can reduce the number of dot matrix projections in the calibration process, thus improving efficiency. An LCD screen displayed a brightness checkerboard lattice, in which the brighter checkerboard and the darker checkerboard alternately arranged. Based on the image on the detector, the relationship between the rays at certain angles and the photosensitive positions of the detector coordinates can be obtained. And a differential de-noising method can effectively reduce the impact of noise on the measurement results. Simulation and experimentation proved the feasibility of the method. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the efficiency of the brightness checkerboard lattices is about four times that of the traditional dot matrix, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the calibration is significantly improved.
Assessment of the work efficiency with exergy method in ageing muscles and healthy and enlarged hearts

Thermodynamic aspects of skeletal and cardiac muscle work performance are assessed with the data obtained from the literature. Since the second law muscle work efficiency decreases with declining metabolic energy conversion efficiency in the mitochondria, followed by structural failure of the muscles during ageing, the thermodynamic aspects of the muscle work ageing process were simulated by incorporating the decreasing second law muscle work efficiency with the exercise data obtained with the healthy young adults. Within limits of the data analysed here, glucose utilisation ability of the cardiac muscle appears to be the most critical factor determining its work performance. The left and the right ventricles of the enlarged heart had the ability of utilising approximately 3.5 and 2.7 times less glucose, respectively, than their healthy counterparts. The work performance and the entropy generation by the enlarged and the healthy hearts maintained the same ratios.