Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrating Fuzzy Multiobjective Programming and System Dynamics to Develop an Approach for Talent Retention Policy Selection: Case on Health-Care Industry

The demand for medical services has been increasing yearly in aging countries. Medical institutions must hire a large number of staff members to provide efficient and effective health-care services. Because of high workload and pressure, high turnover rates exist among health-care staff members, especially those in nonurban areas, which are characterized by limited resources and a predominance of elderly people. Turnover in health-care institutions is influenced by complex factors, and high turnover rates result in considerable direct and indirect costs for such institutions (Lo and Tseng 2019). Therefore, health-care institutions must adopt appropriate strategies for talent retention. Because institutions cannot determine the most effective talent retention strategy, many of them simply passively adopt a single human resource (HR) policy and make minor adjustments to the selected policy. In the present study, system dynamics modeling was combined with fuzzy multiobjective programming to develop a method for simulating HR planning systems and evaluating the suitability of different HR policies in an institution. We also considered the external insurance policy to be the parameter for the developed multiobjective decision-making model. The simulation results indicated that reducing the turnover rate of new employees in their trial period is the most effective policy for talent retention. The developed procedure is more efficient, effective, and cheaper than the traditional trial-and-error approaches for HR policy selection.
The dynamics of stratocumulus: Aircraft observations and comparisons with a mixed layer model

Results are presented from a detailed case study of daytime stratocumulus over the North Sea using an instrumented aircraft. The measurements include turbulence fluctuation data, radiation fluxes and droplet spectra and were made both in and out of cloud. The mean structure is discussed and a diagnostic, one-dimensional, mixed layer model is formulated to predict the variation of turbulent fluxes with height and to assess the sensitivity of these solutions to various physical processes. These predictions are compared with observations enabling the effectiveness of some widely used model assumptions to be tested. Water transport by gravitational settling is found to be important throughout the depth of the cloud. Mixing within the cloud is driven by convection generated primarily by radiative effects: strong cooling from cloud top with warming beneath although the net heating of the cloud layer is close to zero. Turbulent kinetic energy is exported downwards via negatively buoyant elements from the zone of intense cooling near cloud top into the body of the cloud. This appears to be achieved by the combined action of the turbulent transport and velocity-pressure correlation terms in the turbulent kinetic energy balance equation which are therefore important in maintaining mixing in the lower part of the cloud. The cloud and sub-cloud layers are found to be decoupled, i.e. they appear as two separated mixed layers. Reasons for this are examined and some further consequences for cloud evolution are investigated. In the particular case studied, potential instability could be generated in the lower layer leading to low-level cumulus formation. These rise into the stratocumulus layer thereby reconnecting the two previously separated regions. The implications for stratiform cloud modelling are discussed and some recommendations for future work made.
Bayesian evaluation of a semi-parametric binary response model

In this paper, we develop a Bayesian analysis of a semi-parametric binary choice model. The prior speciﬁcation of the functional parameter, namely the distribution function of a latent variable, is of the Dirichlet process type and the prior speciﬁcation of the Euclidean parameter, namely the coefficients of a linear combination of exogenous variables, is left arbitrary. The model identiﬁcation is ensured by ﬁxing the prior expectation of the functional parameter (see Mouchart et al. (1997)). Approximations for the posterior predictive distributions are obtained from two different sampling methods. Several questions are studied through an exploratory numerical analysis, such as the numerical convergence of the algorithms and of the methods and the general problem of contrasting semi-parametric and purely parametric speciﬁcation
A unified analysis of SAW reflection and mode conversion in layered systems using Green's functions

First-order expressions are derived using Green's functions to calculate scattered waves for the case when a surface acoustic wave (SAW) interacts with arbitrarily shaped perturbations in a layered system of any material symmetries on a piezoelectric substrate. SAW reflection coefficients of rectangular strips are calculated using special solutions of the scattering problem. In comparison with data from the literature based on the perturbation theory, some deviations exist for the systems Al on ST-quartz and Al on Y-LiTaO/sub 3/. From the phase of the reflection coefficient for the electric potential, NSPUDT behavior can be derived. The energy loss due to mode conversion is calculated by the same description of the scattering process used for the reflection problem. Based on this theory, the demands on the shape of ZnO layer edges are investigated in order to guarantee sufficient small insertion losses, if SAWs are crossing the edges. In a special case, the insertion loss is reduced from 8 dB to less than 1 dB, replacing a sharp edge by a slanted edge with a width of 2 lambda . This theoretical result has been confirmed qualitatively by experiments. <<ETX>>
ADAPTIVE OPTIMAL CONTROLABLE AND OBSERVABLE PAIRING BY THE ASSIGNMENT METHOD BASED ON THE BALANCE REALIZATION MEASURE

Pairing is an important task in controlling of a MIMO plant by some SISO sub-control systems. Using balance realization is one of the methods to find the best pairing. In this article, an algorithm is proposed to find an optimal controllable and observable input-output pairing. The algorithm can utilize when the plant parameters change and propose the new pairing to adapt the control structure.
“The Fight is Two Times as Hard”: A Qualitative Examination of a Violence Syndemic Among Young Black Sexual Minority Men

Young Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) are disproportionately impacted by violence, including violence rooted in anti-Black racism, sexual identity bullying, and neighborhood violence rooted in structural racism and inequities. These multiple forms of violence are frequently co-occurring and interactive creating syndemic conditions that can negatively impact HIV care. This qualitative study is based on in-depth interviews with 31 YBMSM, aged 16–30 years, living with HIV in Chicago, IL, to examine how violence has impacted their lives. Using thematic analysis, we identified five themes that reflect how YBMSM experience violence at the intersection of racism, homonegativity, socioeconomic status, and HIV status: (a) the experience of intersectional violence; (b) long histories of violence contributed to hypervigilance, lack of safety, and lack of trust; (c) making meaning of violence and the importance of strength; (d) normalizing violence for survival; and (e) the cyclical nature of violence. Our study highlights how multiple forms of violence can accumulate across an individual’s life and contribute to social and contextual situations that further contribute to violence and negatively impact mental health and HIV care.
The Impact of Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on Children’s Health-Related Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: To investigate the association between children’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: Databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed literature published between 2010 and 2022. Two reviewers independently screened and assessed the quality of included studies. Meta-analysis was conducted for studies that used the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Results: Twenty-three studies were included, with most rated as “good” quality. Meta-analysis found “very large” effect in both parent- (Hedges’ g −1.67, 95% CI [−2.57, −0.78]) and child-reported (Hedges’ g −1.28, 95% CI [−2.01, −0.56]) HRQoL for children with ADHD compared to children without ADHD. No difference between parent- and child-reported HRQoL in children with and without ADHD was found. However, parent-reported HRQoL was lower than child-reported HRQoL among children with ADHD. Conclusion: ADHD was associated with substantially poorer children’s HRQoL. Among children with ADHD, parents rated their children’s HRQoL lower than the children themselves.
Covariance absolute values spectrum sensing method based on two adaptive thresholds

Cognitive radio is a modern wireless communication methodology that deals with the issue of spectrum untapped. Cognitive users can continually perceive the licensed spectrum to hunt for unoccupied spots. The essential technology in cognitive radio (CR) for primary user detection is spectrum sensing. Due to signal to noise ratio (SNR), noise uncertainty in spectrum sensing would make the detection unreliable. In this paper, the two adaptive thresholds based on_covariance absolute values (TATCAV) are proposed to increase detection performance in the presence of noise uncertainty. According to the computer simulations using MATLAB 2021b, the value of the probability of detection is Pd=98.1% Compared with the results of two thresholds based on_covariance absolute values (TTCAV) Pd= 95.3% at SNR=-18, noise uncertainty Nu=1.761 dB, and using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). And the error rate for the proposed approach is Pe=12.1% under the same circumstances. The proposed approach results, according to the simulations, are considerably better than the results of the fixed two-threshold approach.
Dimension spectra for multbfractal measures with connections to nonparametric density estimation

We consider relations between Renyi's and Hentschel-Procaccia's definitions of generalized dimensions of a probability measure u and give conditions under which the two concepts are equivalent/different. Estimators of the dimension spectrum are devel-oped, and strong consistency is established. Particular cases of our estimators are methods based on the sample correlation integral and box counting.Then we discuss the relation between generalized dimensions and kernel density estimatorsf. It was shown in Frigyesi and Hossjer (1998), that ∫ƒ1+qdx diverges with increasing sample size and decreasing bandwidth if the marginal distribution u has a singular part and q > 0. In this paper, we show that the rate of divergence depends on the 9th generalized Renyi dimension of u.
Comprehensive Radar Mapping of Malaspina Glacier (Sít' Tlein), Alaska—The World's Largest Piedmont Glacier—Reveals Potential for Instability

Malaspina Glacier, located on the coast of southern Alaska, is the world's largest piedmont glacier. A narrow ice‐cored foreland zone undergoing rapid thermokarst erosion separates the glacier from the relatively warm waters of the Gulf of Alaska. Glacier‐wide thinning rates for Malaspina are greater than 1 m/yr, and previous geophysical investigations indicated that bed elevation exceeds 300 m below sea level in some places. These observations together give rise to the question of glacial stability. To address this question, glacier evolution models are dependent upon detailed observations of Malaspina's subglacial topography. Here, we map 2,000 line‐km of the glacier's bed using airborne radar sounding data collected by NASA's Operation IceBridge. When compared to gridded radar measurements, we find that glaciological models overestimate Malaspina's volume by more than 30%. While we report a mean bed elevation 100 m greater than previous models, we find that Malaspina inhabits a broad basin largely grounded below sea level. Several subglacial channels dissect the glacier's bed: the most prominent of these channels extends at least 35 km up‐glacier from the terminus toward the throat of Seward Glacier. Provided continued foreland erosion, an ice‐ocean connection may promote rapid retreat along these overdeepened subglacial channels, with a global sea‐level rise potential of 1.4 mm.
Adaptive output feedback sliding-mode manoeuvring and vibration control of flexible spacecraft with input saturation

A dual-stage control system design scheme for rotational manoeuvre and vibration stabilisation of a flexible spacecraft in the presence of uncertainty/external disturbances as well as control input saturation. More precisely, two separate control loops are designed. The first one uses piezoceramics as sensors and actuators to actively suppress certain flexible modes by designing modified positive position feedback compensators which add damping to flexible structures. The second is designed based on an adaptive output feedback sliding-mode control design where control input saturation is explicitly taken into consideration. The attitude controller has the ability to reject the disturbance, deal with uncertainty and to ensure that the system trajectories globally converge to the sliding mode. A modified version is designed for adapting the unknown upper bounds of the lumped perturbations as well. To study the effectiveness of the corresponding control scheme, the traditional adaptive static output feedback control case is also developed for the control system. Both analytical and numerical results are presented to show the theoretical and practical merits of this approach.
Cross-Validation of Numerical and Experimental Studies of Transitional Airfoil Performance

The aerodynamic performance characteristic of airfoils are the main input for estimating wind turbine blade loading as well as annual energy production of wind farms. For transitional flow regimes these data are difficult to obtain, both experimentally as well as numerically, due to the very high sensitivity of the flow to perturbations, large scale separation and performance hysteresis. The objective of this work is to improve the understanding of the transitional airfoil flow performance by studying the S826 NREL airfoil at low Reynolds numbers (Re = 4.10 and 1.10) with two inherently different CFD methodologies, in combination with wind tunnel experiments. Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) performed with a novel high order code based on the Discontinuous Galerkin Method are compared to LES from the well established wind turbine CFD code EllipSys3D. Both codes are considering natural transition. The similarity of the results obtained by these two very different simulation methods seems to demonstrate the validity of the computations. Differences are however observed with the experimental results. To understand these discrepancies, further analyses have been performed on both the numerical and the experimental sides. On the numerical side, the span sensitivity study showed that span lengths of 10 and 40% of the chord were leading to similar results. On the experimental side, the flow visualizations using oil streaks indicated strong 3D effects under the form of stall cells on a significant part of the span, as well as walls effects for Re = 1.10. Considering the sensitivity of the measurements to the tunnel environment, the strong similarity of the LES results inspires confidence in the validity of the computations.
Radiation, Clouds, and Self‐Aggregation in RCEMIP Simulations

The responses of tropical anvil cloud and low‐level cloud to a warming climate are among the largest sources of uncertainty in our estimates of climate sensitivity. However, most research on cloud feedbacks relies on either global climate models with parameterized convection, which do not explicitly represent small‐scale convective processes, or small‐domain models, which cannot directly simulate large‐scale circulations. We investigate how self‐aggregation, the spontaneous clumping of convection in idealized numerical models, depends on cloud‐radiative interactions with different cloud types, sea surface temperatures (SSTs), and stages of aggregation in simulations that form part of RCEMIP (the Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium Model Intercomparison Project). Analysis shows that the presence of anvil cloud, which tends to enhance aggregation when collocated with anomalously moist environments, is reduced in nearly all models when SSTs are increased, leading to a corresponding reduction in the aggregating influence of cloud‐longwave interactions. We also find that cloud‐longwave radiation interactions are stronger in the majority of General Circulation Models (GCMs), typically resulting in faster aggregation compared to Cloud‐system Resolving Models (CRMs). GCMs that have stronger cloud‐longwave interactions tend to aggregate faster, whereas the influence of circulations is the main factor affecting the aggregation rate in CRMs.
Mucormycosis infection associated with global COVID-19 pandemic - an institutional histopathological study

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the recent times have instilled signs of immunosuppression globally which has further precipitated increasing range of opportunistic infections. Mucormycosis is a distressing opportunistic fungal infection with a high incidence and is the third commonest acute invasive infection following candidiasis and aspergillosis. The aim of the present observational study is to delineate the enigmatic histopathological profile between mucormycosis cases seen prior to pandemic (PPM) and pandemic associated mucormycosis (PAM). Material and Methods Tissue archives of 105 histopathologically diagnosed cases of mucormycosis were included and analysed for demographical details and histopathological parameters like fungal load and localization, granuloma formation, necrosis, inflammatory infiltrate and tissue invasion. Results 0ut of 105 included cases, 11/105 (10.48%) were reported PPM and 94/105 (89.52%) PAM. Among 94 cases of PAM, 51/94 (54%) cases also showed COVID-19 positivity, while 43/94 (46%) did not. Of all the histological variables, increased fungal load and necrosis were observed in PAM relative to PPM cases. Conclusions The histopathological variables like fungal load, necrosis, granuloma formation and tissue invasion, could help the clinician in assessing the clinical status at the time of tissue diagnosis and improve the treatment accordingly. Key words:COVID-19, fungal load, granuloma, mucormycosis, necrosis.
Theory of cosmic ray modulation

Abstract This work aims to give a brief overview on the topic of cosmic ray modulation in the heliosphere. The heliosphere, heliospheric magnetic field, transport parameters and the transport equation together with modulation models, which solve this equation in various degree of complexity, are briefly discussed. Results from these models are then presented where first it is shown how cosmic rays are globally distributed in an asymmetrical heliosphere which results from the relative motion between the local interstellar medium and the Sun. Next the focus shifts to low-energy Jovian electrons. The intensities of these electrons, which originate from a point source in the inner heliosphere, exhibit a unique three-dimensional spiral structure where most of the particles are transported along the magnetic field lines. Time-dependent modulation is also discussed where it is shown how drift effects together with propagating diffusion barriers are responsible for modulation over a solar cycle.
Adaptive Heterogeneous Autoregressive Models of Realized Volatility Based on a Genetic Algorithm

The heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) models of high-frequency realized volatility are inspired by the Heterogeneous Market Hypothesis and incorporate daily, weekly and monthly realized volatilities in the volatility dynamics with a (1,5,22) time horizon structure. We build on the HAR models and propose a new framework, adaptive heterogeneous autoregressive (AHAR) models, whose time horizon structures are optimized by a genetic algorithm. Our models can be applied to markets with different heterogeneous structures, and their time horizon structures can be adjusted adaptively as the market's heterogeneous structure varies. Moving window tests with five-minute returns of the CSI 300 index indicate that the (1,5,22) structure originally proposed for American stock markets is not the best choice for Chinese stock markets, and Chinese stock markets’ heterogeneous structure does vary over time. Using four common loss functions, we find that the AHAR models outperform the corresponding HAR models in most of the forecast windows and thus are reasonable choices for volatility forecasting practices.
Extreme Niche Partitioning and Microbial Dark Matter in a Mauna Loa Lava Tube

Lava tubes are key targets in the search for life on Mars. Their basaltic walls provide protection from radiation and changing environmental conditions, which could enable life or preservation of previous life in an otherwise harsh environment. We can understand the potential for Martian life in lava tubes by studying the habitability of analog environments on Earth. In this study, we present the first characterization of the microbial life inside a pristine Mauna Loa lava tube. This study is the first to combine 16S SSU rRNA sequencing and whole genome shotgun sequencing to map the taxonomic makeup and functional potential of any lava tube community in Hawaii, enabling a deep understanding of the types of microbes that thrive in this unique environment and the metabolisms they use. We find a surprisingly high degree of niche partitioning over small spatial scales and discuss implications for life detection strategies. Based on recent bioinformatic advancements in metagenomics, we also assemble dozens of high‐quality metagenome assembled genomes from the microbes living in the lava tubes, including several novel species.
Retrieval of minor constituents in a cloudy atmosphere with remote‐sensing millimetre‐wave measurements

The presence of clouds in remote‐sensing measurements is often the cause of information loss about the minor atmospheric constituent profiles that are the goal of the measurement. Millimetre‐ and submillimetre‐wave sounding can be used to abate the problems of cloud contamination. A quantitative assessment of this possibility is provided with the systematic simulation of the retrieval of minor atmospheric constituents in the presence of ice cirrus clouds of different density and particle size. The simulations are made for the particular case of the MARSCHALS instrument which is a heterodyne limb‐sounding spectrometer that measures the atmospheric thermal emission in the millimetre‐ and submillimetre‐wave regions operating on board a stratospheric aircraft. Four types of measuring conditions are identified: clouds that do not modify the observation, clouds that are adequately described with an atmospheric continuum absorption model, clouds for which an error is introduced when the limited vertical resolution of the sounding does not resolve the sharp discontinuity of the cloud, and clouds which require the modelling of scattering effects for a correct retrieval. When a rigorous modelling of the cloud is performed, the retrieval of minor atmospheric constituent is marginally affected by the presence of the cloud. We find that in the worst case the cloud causes a loss, with respect to clear‐sky conditions, of two degrees of freedom from about 90 and of 7% of information content relative to climatological information. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society