Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbonate abundances and isotopic compositions in chondrites

We report the bulk C abundances, and C and O isotopic compositions of carbonates in 64 CM chondrites, 14 CR chondrites, 2 CI chondrites, LEW 85332 (C2), Kaba (CV3), and Semarkona (LL3.0). For the unheated CMs, the total ranges of carbonate isotopic compositions are δ13C ≈ 25–75‰ and δ18O ≈ 15–35‰, and bulk carbonate C contents range from 0.03 to 0.60 wt%. There is no simple correlation between carbonate abundance and isotopic composition, or between either of these parameters and the extent of alteration. Unless accretion was very heterogeneous, the uncorrelated variations in extent of alteration and carbonate abundance suggests that there was a period of open system behavior in the CM parent body, probably prior to or at the start of aqueous alteration. Most of the ranges in CM carbonate isotopic compositions can be explained by their formation at different temperatures (0–130 °C) from a single fluid in which the carbonate O isotopes were controlled by equilibrium with water (δ18O ≈ 5‰) and the C isotopes were controlled by equilibrium with CO and/or CH4 (δ13C ≈ −33‰ or −20‰ for CO‐ or CH4‐dominated systems, respectively). However, carbonate formation would have to have been inefficient, otherwise carbonate compositions would have resembled those of the starting fluid. A quite similar fluid composition (δ18O ≈ −5.5‰, and δ13C ≈ −31‰ or −17‰ for CO‐ or CH4‐dominated systems, respectively) can explain the carbonate compositions of the CIs, although the formation temperatures would have been lower (~10–40 °C) and the relative abundances of calcite and dolomite may play a more important role in determining bulk carbonate compositions than in the CMs. The CR carbonates exhibit a similar range of O isotopes, but an almost bimodal distribution of C isotopes between more (δ13C ≈ 65–80‰) and less altered samples (δ13C ≈ 30–40‰). This bimodality can still be explained by precipitation from fluids with the same isotopic composition (δ18O ≈ −9.25‰, and δ13C ≈ −21‰ or −8‰ for CO‐ or CH4‐dominated systems, respectively) if the less altered CRs had higher mole fractions of CO2 in their fluids. Semarkona and Kaba carbonates have some of the lightest C isotopic compositions of the meteorites studied here, probably because they formed at higher temperatures and/or from more CO2‐rich fluids. The fluids responsible for the alteration of chondrites and from which the carbonates formed were almost certainly accreted as ices. By analogy with cometary ices, CO2 and/or CO would have dominated the trapped volatile species in the ices. The chondrites studied are too oxidized for CO‐dominated fluids to have formed in their parent bodies. If CH4 was the dominant C species in the fluids during carbonate formation, it would have to have been generated in the parent bodies from CO and/or CO2 when oxidation of metal by water created high partial pressures of H2. The fact that the chondrite carbonate C/H2O mole ratios are of the order predicted for CO/CO2‐H2O ices that experienced temperatures of >50–100 K suggests that the chondrites formed at radial distances of <4–15 AU.
Digestive Tract Cancer Related Adverse Events Associated with Proton Pump Inhibitors use: A Pharmacovigilance Study of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System

Background Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used to treat digestive system diseases. Previous studies have suggested conﬂicting results between PPIs treatment and digestive tract cancers (DTCs). We utilized the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database to assess the eﬀect of PPIs use on DTCs through data mining. Method This study examined the association between six PPI agents and DTCs by mining the FAERS database from January 2004 to September 2021 by using Open Vigil 2.1. The reporting odds ratio (ROR) with 95% conﬁdence intervals (CIs) was used to detect statistically signiﬁcant associations between PPIs and DTCs. High Level Terms (HLTs) and Preferred Terms (PTs) were deﬁned by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities 24.0 (MedDRA24.0). Result A total of 2553 DTCs adverse event reports were screened, with positive signals obtained from gastric neoplasms malignant (GNM) (ROR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01-1.18) and bile duct neoplasms malignant (BDNM) (ROR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.44-2.25). Esomeprazole showed the strongest signal (ROR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.66-2.06) for GNM, while rabeprazole for BDNM (ROR: 2.94, 95% CI: 1.32-6.56), and female PPI users had a higher risk of BDNM (ROR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.77-3.35). Among Subordinate PTs, adenocarcinoma gastric, and the combination of “bile duct cancer” and “cholangiocarcinoma” were highly associated with PPIs use. Conclusion By mining the FAERS database, we provided important clues for the association between PPIs use and DTCs risk.
The IRISA Text-To-Speech System for the Blizzard Challenge 2015

This paper describes the implementation of the IRISA unit selection-based TTS system for our participation in the Blizzard Challenge 2015. For our first participation, we chose to take part in the first task by building one voice for each of the 5 Indian languages out of the 6 requested (Bengali, Hindi, Malayalam, Tamil and Telugu). We describe the process followed to build the voices from given data and the architecture of our system. In particular, we introduce a penalty in the concatenation cost, inherited from the field of corpus covering, in order to block some concatenations based on their phonological class. Moreover, a fuzzy function is proposed to relax the penalty based on the concatenation quality with respect to the cost distribution. Considering that no language specific processing has been done and that we had never worked with Indian languages, results are very satisfying.
Temporary Carbon Sequestration Cannot Prevent Climate Change

AbstractStoring carbon in biosphere sinks can reduce atmospheric CO2 concentrations in the short term. However, this lowers the concentration gradient between the atmosphere and the oceans and other potential carbon reservoirs, and consequently reduces the rate of CO2 removal from the atmosphere. If carbon is released again from that temporary storage, subsequent atmospheric CO2 concentrations will, therefore, be higher than without temporary carbon storage. It is thus important to analyse whether temporary carbon storage in biosphere sinks can mitigate climate-change impacts. To analyse that, climate-change impacts need to be quantified explicitly.Impacts can be quantified: [(1)]as the instantaneous effect of increased temperature[(2)]through the rate of temperature increase[(3)]as the cumulative effect of increased temperatures. The analysis presented here shows that temporary carbon storage only reduces climate-change impacts related to the cumulative effect of increased temperature and could even worsen impacts mediated via the instantaneous effect of temperature or the rate of temperature change. This applies under both high and low greenhouse-gas emission scenarios. Because temporary carbon storage improves some, but worsens other, climate-change impacts, it achieves very little on average. For greenhouse mitigation, it is, therefore, not warranted to provide policy incentives for temporary carbon storage.
Methane emissions due to reservoir flushing: a significant emission pathway?

Abstract. Reservoirs represent a globally significant source of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4), which is emitted via different emission pathways. In some reservoirs, reservoir flushing is employed as a sediment management strategy to counteract growing sediment deposits that threaten reservoir capacity. Reservoir flushing utilizes the eroding force of water currents during water level drawdown to mobilize and transport sediment deposits through the dam outlet into the downstream river. During this process, CH4 that is stored in the sediment can be released into the water and degas to the atmosphere, resulting in CH4 emissions. Here, we assess the significance of this CH4 emission pathway and compare it to other CH4 emission pathways from reservoirs. We measured seasonal and spatial CH4 concentrations in the sediment of Schwarzenbach Reservoir, providing one of the largest datasets on CH4 pore water concentrations in freshwater systems. Based on this dataset we determined CH4 fluxes from the sediment and estimated potential CH4 emissions due to reservoir flushing. CH4 emissions due to one flushing operation can constitute 7 %–14 % of the typical annual CH4 emissions from Schwarzenbach Reservoir, whereby the amount of released CH4 depends on the seasonal timing of the flushing operation and can differ by a factor of 2. Larger flushing events that mobilize deeper sediment layers lead to non-linear increases in CH4 mobilization. This suggests that regular flushing of smaller sediment layers releases less CH4 than removal of the same sediment volume in fewer flushing events of thicker sediment layers. However, additional indirect CH4 emissions pathways contributing to the total CH4 emissions may vary with the flushing operation. In other reservoirs with higher sediment loadings than Schwarzenbach Reservoir, reservoir flushing could cause substantial CH4 emissions, especially when flushing operations are conducted frequently. Our study recognizes CH4 emissions due to reservoir flushing as an important pathway, identifies potential management strategies to mitigate these CH4 emissions and emphasizes the need for further research.
A TRAGEDY OF THE PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE ‘COMMONS’? Global Science, Intellectual Property and the Digital Technology Boomerang

Radical legal innovations in intellectual property protection have been introduced by the little noticed European Database Directive of March 1996. This initiative, part of the larger institutional transformations initiated in response to the economic ramifications of rapid progress in digital information technologies, poses numerous contentious issues in law and economics. These are likely to create ambiguities for business and non-profit activities in this area for years to come, and the terms on which those issues are resolved will materially affect the costs and organizational feasibility of scientific projects that are of global reach and significance. This is the case especially in fields such as geology, oceanography and climatology, which depend heavily upon the collection, management and analysis of large volumes of observational data that cannot be regenerated. More generally the conduct of open, collaborative science – along with many of the benefits that flow from it for the developed and the developing economies alike – may be seriously jeopardized by the consequences of the new database protections. This raises the spectre of a new and different “tragedy of the commons,” one created by continuing the unbalanced pressure to extract greater economic rents by means of controlling access to information. “Over-fencing,” which is to say, the erection of artificial cost barriers to the production of reliable public knowledge by means of reliable public knowledge, threatens the future of “the public knowledge commons” that historically has proved critically important for rapid advance in science and technology. The paper sets out the economic case for the effectiveness of open, collaborative research, and the forces behind the recent, countervailing rush to strengthen and expand the scope of intellectual property rights protection. Focusing upon innovations in copyright law and the sui generis protection of hitherto unprotected content, it documents the genesis and analyzes the economic implications of the EC’s Database Directive, and related legislative proposals (H.R. 3125, H.R. 354 and H.R. 1858) in the US. The discussion concludes by advancing a number of modest remedial proposals that are intended to promoted greater efforts to arrive at satisfactory policy solutions for this aspect of “the digital dilemma. ”
Edinburgh Research Explorer Making the Auroras glow

The conserved Aurora family of protein kinases have emerged as crucial regulators of mitosis and cytokinesis. Despite their high degree of homology, Aurora A and B have very distinctive localisations and functions: Aurora A associates with the spindle poles to regulate entry into mitosis, centrosome maturation and spindle assembly; Aurora B is a member of the Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC) that transfers from the inner centromere in early mitosis to the spindle midzone, equatorial cortex and midbody in late mitosis and cytokinesis. Aurora B functions include regulation of chromosome – microtubule interactions, cohesion, spindle stability and cytokinesis. This review will focus on how interacting proteins make this functional diversity possible by targeting the kinases to different subcellular locations and regulating their activity. Using a 1.4-A ˚ resolution crystal structure, the authors show that the N- termini of INCENP, Borealin and Survivin form a 1:1:1 complex through a three-helix bundle. This core subcomplex is stable and targets to cen- tromeres.
FIU Digital Commons FIU Digital Commons

Within the context of modern digital phased array (DPA) radios, differential Radio Frequency (RF) front-ends provide much greater immunity to noise and distortion by suppressing second order harmonics. Recent advancements in differential RF front-ends offer high dynamic range, high linearity, and low noise in the transceiver chain. However, a major roadblock to fully differential systems is the presence of common-mode resonances. In this article, we present a novel wideband differential feed for dipole arrays that overcomes this bottleneck. Our dipole array is developed for the L-S band ( viz. 1.05 GHz to 3.2 GHz) with emphasis on dual-linear polarization and resonance-free scanning to low angles. The novelty of this article is the Balanced Wideband Impedance Transformer (BWIT) feed that mitigates common-mode currents across the entire band while scanning to low angles. Array simulations are verified with measurements of an 8 × 8 prototype in a volume of 384mm × 384mm × 57mm. The array achieves resonance-free scanning across a 3:1 impedance bandwidth with VSWR < 3 for the cases of θ = 0 ◦ (Broadside), 45 ◦ (D-plane), 60 ◦ (E-plane) and across a 2.37:1 impedance bandwidth with VSWR < 3 for the case of 45 ◦ (H-plane). Measured gain achieves near-theoretical values across the operating band.
Nature-inspired Depolymerization of Soda Lignin by Light-induced Free Radical Promoted Cleavage Using Organic Photocatalyst

: The development of sustainable valorization methods for lignin is a challenging task, because the vast majority of the reported methods require either harsh conditions or the use of expensive transition metal catalysts. Inspired from the natural-sunlight degradation of lignin, known as lignin yellowing , we report here the use of a commercially available cheap organic photocatalyst, namely, phenacyl bromide (PAB), for the efficient cleavage of lignin model compound 2-phenoxyacetophenone (2-PAP), and the depolymerization of soda pulped lignin (SL) under UV-A irradiation under ambient conditions. Real-time NMR investigations of the photoreaction between the model compound and PAB shed light on the possible reaction mechanisms involving different radical species, HBr, and molecular oxygen. Interestingly, combined spectral, chromatographic, powder X-ray diffraction and thermal studies of the photocatalytic reaction between PAB and SL indicated the formation of guaiacyl alcohol. The unprecedented catalytic performance of such a simple organic photocatalyst is attributed to the generation of phenacyl radicals, photolabile brominated species and HBr playing key roles in the cleavage of  - O-4 linkages. This study represents a new edge for lignin valorization under mild reaction conditions and offers the opportunity for large-scale environment-neutral production of valuable aromatics using technical lignins as feedstock.
Accuracy of NCEP/NCAR reanalyses and ECMWF analyses in the lower stratosphere over Antarctica in 2005

[1] This article compares the temperature, zonal, and meridional velocities issued by the 50-year National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR) Reanalysis (NN50) and European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational analyses with independent observations collected during the Vorcore superpressure balloon campaign. The ECMWF analyses are found to be more accurate than the NN50 reanalyses. In particular, an overall warm bias in the polar Southern Hemisphere lower stratosphere is found in NN50 (+1.51 K), while a cold bias is found using ECMWF analyses (−0.42 K). The ECMWF temperature bias evolves from winter (−1.34 K in September) to summer (+0.31 K in January). A common feature of both analyses is the localization of larger discrepancies with respect to the observations for all variables over the Antarctic Peninsula, where orographic gravity waves were observed. More generally, two principal reasons are put forth for explaining the reported differences with the observations: unresolved small-scale pure and inertia gravity waves affecting both analyses and a large-scale misrepresentation of the vortex in NN50. Finally, simulated trajectories are computed starting from the positions of the balloon and advected using the ECMWF and the NN50 velocity fields. The simulated trajectories are compared to the real balloon trajectories. The spherical distance between the real and simulated positions exceeds 1000 ± 700 km on average in just 5 days using NN50 and after 10 days using ECMWF. The distances between the simulated and real balloons are found to increase faster in November and December, owing to the strong Rossby-wave activity in the stratosphere.
Soil degradation in central Spain due to sheet water erosion by low‐intensity rainfall events

Runoff and sediment lost due to water erosion were recorded for 36 (1 m2) plots with varying types of vegetative cover located on sloping gypsiferous fields in the South of Madrid. 75% of the events had maximum 30‐minute intensity (I30) less than 10 mm h−1 in the period studied (1994–2005).
Emotion Recognition—Holding

Objectives: Insufficient sleep has been associated with impaired recognition of facial emotions. However, previous studies have found inconsistent results, potentially stemming from the type of static picture task used. We therefore examined whether insufficient sleep was associated with decreased emotion recognition ability in two separate studies using a dynamic multimodal task. Methods: Study 1 used a cross-sectional design consisting of 291 participants with questionnaire measures assessing sleep duration and self-reported sleep quality for the previous night. Study 2 used an experimental design involving 181 participants where individuals were quasi-randomized into either a sleep-deprivation ( N = 90) or a sleep-control ( N = 91) condition. All participants from both studies were tested on the same forced-choice multimodal test of emotion recognition to assess the accuracy of emotion categorization. Results: Sleep duration, self-reported sleep quality (study 1), and sleep deprivation (study 2) did not predict overall emotion recognition accuracy or speed. Similarly, the responses to each of the twelve emotions tested showed no evidence of impaired recognition ability, apart from one positive association suggesting that greater self-reported sleep quality could predict more accurate recognition of disgust (study 1). Conclusions: The studies presented here involve considerably larger samples than previous studies and the results support the null hypotheses. Therefore, we suggest that the ability to accurately categorize the emotions of others is not associated with short-term sleep duration or sleep quality and is resilient to acute periods of insufficient sleep.
Climate Change Adaptation in Africa: An Historical Ecology

Preface 1. An historical ecological framework: Introduction 2. Rock art pastoralists: Historical ecology of adaptations 3. Pastoralism, space, time and knowledge: The social and ecological perspectives 4. Coastal commerce-interior caravan trade: Pastoralists participation ca. AD 600-1900 5. Origin of the ancient well technology: Historical hypotheses 6. Droughts, famine, locusts and epidemics: Centuries of adaptations 7. The nineteenth and twentieth century environmental changes: European Journal narratives 8. Adaptations to climate variability, grazing and water scarcities in the southern lowlands c. 1908-1962: A case study 9. Challenges to future climate change adaptations: Some propositions 10.Conclusion
Life after stroke: exploring social and psychological consequences of stroke survivors and their caregivers

Aim: To explore the social and psychological consequences of stroke among stroke survivors and their caregivers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with stroke survivors (n=13) and their caregivers (n=13) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Interviews were conducted in Amharic and were audiotaped. After repeated listening to the records and reading the transcripts, a thematic analysis was conducted.Results: Six themes emerged: explanatory model, new body, living on a bread line, psychological toll, elephant in the room, and finding a silver lining. Stroke survivors described stroke as a sudden event that changed their life forever. Some participants attributed it to the devil’s doing, spirit possession (“ልክፍት”) and their sins. Both survivors and their caregivers reported financial crises related tohe disability, inability to return to work, treatment, and transportation costs. Both survivors and caregivers described the psychological tolls such as emotional ups and downs, anxiety, frustration, sleep problem, and suicidal ideation. Survivors reported distancing themselves from social activities or events whereas; caregivers reported that they did not have enough time to be a part of one. Stroke survivors considered surviving the stroke as a blessing. Caregivers say they have set their minds to be thankful to God that they have their loved ones around despite all the limitations.Conclusion: Stroke survivors and their caregivers suffer from financial crises and emotional up and downs. This warrants the need for compressive social and psychological interventions in addition to the usual physical care provided for such cases in low-income countries.