Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Modern Way of Training Situation Awareness: Virtual Reality for Firefighters

Topic and Research questionFirefighters training usually takes a great amount of time to equip the firefighters with the skills needed. Thus, the firefighters’ department hope to find another effective way to train their firefighters. The current study aims at investigating the effectiveness of virtual reality in the context of firefighters training. The main research question is ‘Can training with virtual reality increase firefighters’ situational awareness when coping with traffic accidents? ’ The research question was answered using two predictors, ‘number of observed scenarios’ and ‘number of action scenarios’ as independent variables and three levels of situational awareness as dependent variables. Two moderators ‘Technology Acceptance’ and ‘years of experience’ are included to investigate whether the growth rate of Situation Awareness can be explained by personal characteristics. Method The research design includes both a quantitative design and a qualitative design. Ten firefighters from the region of Twente airport participated in answering the questionnaires while three participants from the same group participated in a semi-structured interview. The questionnaire data was analyzed using SPSS and tested by linear regression. The interview was collected at the firehouse where the interviewees worked. The data was analyzed using the thematic network analysis. Results and ConclusionThe results show that observation in VR training has a positive influence on firefighters’ SA growth while being in action has partial positive influence on firefighters’ SA growth. The study contributes to further understanding of VR training effectiveness. Meanwhile, a positive view toward VR training is provided to the firefighter department.
The Actual Practice of Breast Self-Examination among Sample of Iraqi Patients with Breast Cancer

Background : To assess the actual practice of breast self-examination (BSE), as an early detection tool for breast cancer, among a sample of patients affected with breast cancer in Iraq. Methods: A random sample of 200 female patients with breast cancer was analyzed to evaluate the extent of their actual practice of breast self-examination before the diagnosis of the disease. The examined variables included the age of the patients, marital status, education, occupation, smoking habit, family history of cancer, frequency of gravidity, parity and abortions. Results: The age of patients ranged from (2470) years with a mean age of 48 years. The highest frequency of the examined sample (24%) was noted in the age group (50-54) years. The majority of the patients (89%) were married, 33% had university degree and 57% were employed. While 46% of the patients had a family history of cancer, in 33.5% the breast was involved. Only 5.5% of the total number of patients had practiced BSE regularly before the diagnosis of breast cancer, 57.5% had carried out the procedure randomly while 37% did not perform BSE at all during their lives. The study illustrated that the level of education, occupation and family history of cancer had significant roles in the practice of BSE. Conclusions: The findings of this study emphasize the urgent need for promoting screening in our society through strengthening practical policy decisions to raise the level of public awareness among the Iraqi women towards the adoption of simple approaches for early detection of breast cancer.
Aggressive Visual Perching with Quadrotors on Inclined Surfaces

Autonomous Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) have the potential to be employed for surveillance and monitoring tasks. By perching and staring on one or multiple locations aerial robots can save energy while concurrently increasing their overall mission time without actively flying. In this paper, we address the estimation, planning, and control problems for autonomous perching on inclined surfaces with small quadrotors using visual and inertial sensing. We focus on planning and executing dynamically feasible trajectories to navigate and perch to a desired target location with on board sensing and computation. Our planner also supports certain classes of nonlinear global constraints by leveraging an efficient algorithm that we have mathematically verified. The on board cameras and IMU are concurrently used for state estimation and to infer the relative robot/target localization. The proposed solution runs in real-time on board a limited computational unit. Experimental results validate the proposed approach by tackling aggressive perching maneuvers with flight envelopes that include large excursions from the hover position on inclined surfaces up to 90°, angular rates up to 600 deg/s, and accelerations up to 10 m/s2.
Assessment of Remote Sensing Techniques Applicability for Beach Morphology Mapping: A Case Study of Hvar Island, Central Adriatic, Croatia

This study investigates the quality and accuracy of remote sensing data in beach surveys based on three different data sources covering a 10-year period (2011–2021). Orthophotos from State Geodetic Administration Geoportal and satellite imagery from Google Earth were compared with orthophotos generated from UAV using ArcGIS Pro and Drone2Map. The beach area and length of 20 beaches on the island of Hvar were measured using each data source from different years. The average deviation for beach area (−2.3 to 5.6%) and length (−1 to 2.7%) was determined (without outliers). This study confirms that linear feature measurement is more accurate than polygon-based measurement. Hence, smaller beach areas were associated with higher errors. Furthermore, it was observed that morphological complexity of the beach may also affect the measurement accuracy. This work showed that different remote sensing sources could be used for relatively accurate beach surveys, as there is no statistically significant difference between the calculated errors. However, special care should always be addressed to the definition of errors.
Automatic Classification Service System for Citrus Pest Recognition Based on Deep Learning

Plant diseases are a major cause of reduction in agricultural output, which leads to severe economic losses and unstable food supply. The citrus plant is an economically important fruit crop grown and produced worldwide. However, citrus plants are easily affected by various factors, such as climate change, pests, and diseases, resulting in reduced yield and quality. Advances in computer vision in recent years have been widely used for plant disease detection and classification, providing opportunities for early disease detection, and resulting in improvements in agriculture. Particularly, the early and accurate detection of citrus diseases, which are vulnerable to pests, is very important to prevent the spread of pests and reduce crop damage. Research on citrus pest disease is ongoing, but it is difficult to apply research results to cultivation owing to a lack of datasets for research and limited types of pests. In this study, we built a dataset by self-collecting a total of 20,000 citrus pest images, including fruits and leaves, from actual cultivation sites. The constructed dataset was trained, verified, and tested using a model that had undergone five transfer learning steps. All models used in the experiment had an average accuracy of 97% or more and an average f1 score of 96% or more. We built a web application server using the EfficientNet-b0 model, which exhibited the best performance among the five learning models. The built web application tested citrus pest disease using image samples collected from websites other than the self-collected image samples and prepared data, and both samples correctly classified the disease. The citrus pest automatic diagnosis web system using the model proposed in this study plays a useful auxiliary role in recognizing and classifying citrus diseases. This can, in turn, help improve the overall quality of citrus fruits.
Impedance analysis of automotive high voltage networks for EMC measurements

The increasing demand of electric power in electric vehicles cannot be supplied by conventional automotive power networks. Therefore novel power bus systems, capable to deliver the required power are under development. These bus systems have higher operating voltages, which result in lower current amplitudes for power transmission. As power efficiency is one of the main factors determining the range of an electric car with a given battery capacity, fast slew rates of the power semi-conductors are preferred. But with increasing slew rates also emitted radio frequency (RF) disturbances increase. To reduce electromagnetic interferences (EMI) of power electronics a complete shielding of the power bus system is necessary. Thus the network configuration is changed from unshielded single core multi wire harnesses into coaxial conductor layouts, and therefore also the impedance characteristics of the entire network are changed. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of automotive components is measured according to CISPR 25, substituting the vehicle environment with line impedance stabilization networks (LISN). Recent research shows that LISNs, developed for low voltage networks, are not ideal to measure conducted emissions of high voltage (HV) components because of changed characteristic impedances and additional shielding. This paper deals with a method of determining the high-frequency impedances of automotive HV power networks. A Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) is used to measure Scattering parameters of different HV power cables and an automotive Li-Ion accumulator battery. Matrix conversions allow calculating an impedance network, which is able to represent an automotive HV networks.
Online Supplement for Quantifying the Sources of Firm Heterogeneity ( Not for Publication ) ∗

S3 Nested Translog Demand System 6 S3.1 Preferences . 6 S3.2 Firm Expenditure shares . 7 S3.3 Product Expenditure Shares . 7 S3.4 Pricing Rule . 8
Cancer theranostics with near-infrared light-activatable multimodal nanoparticles.

Nanomaterials that interact with light provide a unique opportunity for applications in biophotonic nanomedicine. Image-guided therapies could be designed based on multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs). Such NPs have a strong and tunable surface plasmon resonance absorption in the near-infrared region and can be detected using multiple imaging modalities (magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear imaging, and photoacoustic imaging). These novel nanostructures, once introduced, are expected to home in on solid tumors either via a passive targeting mechanism (i.e., the enhanced permeability and retention effect) or via an active targeting mechanism facilitated by ligands bound to their surfaces. Once the NPs reach their target tissue, their activity can then be turned on using an external stimulus. For example, photothermal conducting NPs primarily act by converting light energy into heat. As a result, the temperature in the treatment volume is elevated above the thermal damage threshold, which kills the cells. This process, termed photothermal ablation therapy (PTA), is effective, but it is also unlikely to kill all tumor cells when used alone. In addition to PTA, photothermal conducting NPs can also efficiently trigger the release of drugs and activate RNA interference. A multimodal approach, which permits simultaneous PTA therapy, chemotherapy, and therapeutic RNA interference, has the potential to completely eradicate residual diseased cells. In this Account, we provide an up-to-date review of the synthesis and characterization, functionalization, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of NIR lightactivatable multifunctional nanostructures used for imaging and therapy. We emphasize research on hollow gold nanospheres, magnetic core-shell gold nanoshells, and semiconductor copper monosulfide NPs. We discuss three types of novel drug delivery systems in which hollow gold nanospheres are used to mediate controlled drug release.
Impact of different feeds on growth, survival and feed conversion in stripped snakehead Channa striatus (Bloch 1793) larvae

Growth, survival and feed conversion ratio of striped snakehead ( Channa striatus ) larvae fed on different feeds during nursery rearing were evaluated. Three different experiments were conducted using hatchlings, fry and fingerlings of C. striatus with three replicates per treatment. Growth performance of snakehead hatchlings was examined by feeding them with the following diets: Diet 1 - copepod, Thermocyclops decipiens ; Diet 2 - cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia cornuta and Diet 3 - T. decipiens and C. carnuta in combination, for a period of four weeks. Weight gain in the fish fed with Diet 3 ( T. decipiens + C. carnuta ) was significantly higher (p< 0.05) than that of the fish fed Diet 2 ( C. carnuta ) and Diet 1 ( T. decipiens ). Feeding trial of 45 days duration conducted by feeding animal wastes (D1: chicken liver, D2: fish waste and D3 : combination of chicken liver and fish waste) to evaluate the growth and survival of C. striatus fry showed significantly high (p<0.05) survival rate in C. striatus fry fed diet D3 compared to those fed D1 and D2. Food conversion ratio (FCR) was lowest in the group fed D3 followed by those fed D1 whereas highest FCR was noticed in D2. Among the four types of formulated diets evaluated in fingerlings of C. striatus , the mean growth rate was significantly higher (p<0.05) in fish fed on chicken liver incoporated diet. Chicken liver diet showed the lowest FCR, whereas highest FCR was recorded in control diet (p<0.05).
High Altitude Illness and Adaptation: Hints from Proteomics

Proteomics has been successfully applied to many biomedical fields. Among these, high altitude (HA) proteomics has attracted researchers in past few years. Adaptation to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) is necessary for humans under several environmental, physiological and pathological situations. High altitude environmental challenges are major concern for sojourners, soldiers and mountaineers not only during their initial days of induction to the hypoxic environment but during long term residency. Hypoxia triggers oxidative stress and damage to proteins, lipids and DNA. This condition can occur due to environmental factors (altitude), toxicity or diseases. Sometimes body overcome the stress caused by hypoxia through unique process of self recovery and adaptation. Identifying the molecular variables playing key roles in this process are of prime importance in understanding the mechanisms for counteracting the negative effects oxygen deprivation that may lead to several diseases. Proteins play vital role in these physiological conditions and can be considered as molecular signature for altitude adaptation. Several proteins have been identified and categorised on the basis of their role in hypoxia and HA adaptation. Recent advances in proteomics have opened new vistas to understand the functional aspect of differential expression of proteins. Linking existing proteins together, finding newer proteins and their functional analysis can provide better understanding of the physiological mechanism underlying adaptation to hypoxia. New information coming from the analysis of the novel proteins offers opportunity to further analyse the cellular responses to HH.
The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Empire Double Monsters-A Study of their Circulatory System and some other Anatomical Abnormalities-and the Complications in Labour

Although the subject of this article is of so little practical significance to the large majority of medical practitioners and so prosaic in its details, I am not without hope that it will be of interest to many, if only from the point of view of the rarity of a subject which throws some light on nature and its mysterious ways. Double monsters or conjoined twins interest embryologists, obstetricians and surgeons, and in a recent lecture delivered to the 1,eeds University Medical Society, Sir John Hland-Sutton gave an idea of how the psychologist may be interested in the problem when such tn ins survive. ‘he late Dr. Ballantyne, whose contributions to teratology are so well known to the profession, has stated that “Few medical men are called upon to conduct a case of labour in whichthe product consists of a double monster, and even obstetricians of considerable experience will see no more than two or three confinements so complicated in a lifetime. Nevertheless, a practitioner may any day find himself face to face with such an obstetric emergency, either in his own or in his brother practitioner’s practice ; and it is, therefore, necessary for him to know what has been the usual history of such cases, and in what way the difficulty in delivery can be overcome. “ I n this article I propose to give a few particulars of nine specimens collected at the Museum of the Giffard School of Obstetrics,
Molecular characterisation of penicillin-resistant isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Christchurch, New Zealand

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Antifungal mechanisms of action and resistance.

The development of antifungal resistance is complex and relies on multiple host and microbial risk factors. In Aspergillus fumigatus, specific resistance to triazole drugs results from selection pressure caused by drug exposure. The echinocandins are broadly active against a wide range of fungi without cross-resistance to existing antifungal agents and therefore are effective against azole-resistant yeasts and molds. Importantly, due to their critical effect on the cell wall, echinocandins are fungicidal with yeasts. Secondary or acquired resistance emerges in previously susceptible isolates during or after antifungal drug exposure. In A. fumigatus, this kind of resistance is mainly associated with exposure to triazole drugs. The ultimate role of susceptibility testing is to detect potential clinically resistant isolates. For this purpose, two procedures have been extensively employed, and it has been demonstrated that they identify resistant samples and/or molds with high MICs of antifungal drugs. The characterization of phenotypic resistance in clinical isolates can help in evaluating their frequency and suggest possible therapeutic options. Detection of well-defined resistance mechanisms can serve as surrogate markers for phenotypic resistance. Epidemiological surveillance is necessary to detect trends in A. fumigatus azole resistance and to anticipate resistance emergence against new antifungal drugs in clinical use.
Pond dyes are Culex mosquito oviposition attractants

Background British mosquito population distribution, abundance, species composition and potential for mosquito disease transmission are intimately linked to the physical environment. The presence of ponds and water storage can significantly increase the density of particular mosquito species in the garden. Culex pipiens is the mosquito most commonly found in UK gardens and a potential vector of West Nile Virus WNV, although the current risk of transmission is low. However any factors that significantly change the distribution and population of C. pipiens are likely to impact subsequent risk of disease transmission. Pond dyes are used to control algal growth and improve aesthetics of still water reflecting surrounding planting. However, it is well documented that females of some species of mosquito prefer to lay eggs in dark water and/or containers of different colours and we predict that dyed ponds will be attractive to Culex mosquitoes. Methods Black pond dye was used in oviposition choice tests using wild-caught gravid C. pipiens. Larvae from wild-caught C. pipiens were also reared in the pond dye to determine whether it had any impact on survival. An emergence trap caught any adults that emerged from the water. Water butts (80 L) were positioned around university glasshouses and woodland and treated with black pond dye or left undyed. Weekly sampling over a six month period through summer and autumn was performed to quantified numbers of larvae and pupae in each treatment and habitat. Results Gravid female Culex mosquitoes preferred to lay eggs in dyed water. This was highly significant in tests conducted under laboratory conditions and in a semi-field choice test. Despite this, survivorship in black dyed water was significantly reduced compared to undyed water. Seasonal analysis of wild larval and pupal numbers in two habitats with and without dye showed no impact of dye but a significant impact of season and habitat. Mosquitoes were more successful, with significantly higher numbers of pupae, in the habitat where they had vegetation cover and shade. Discussion Our study has raised some interesting possibilities; one is that where used, pond dyes may be encouraging mosquitoes to breed in gardens in close proximity to people. Considering the concerns over potential future spread of disease in urban environments, this as well as shading of ponds and water butts, should inform future advice over reducing mosquito breeding and spread.
Obesity Management In Primary Care: Assessment of Readiness to Change Among 284 Family Practice Patients

Background: Most adults in primary care are overweight or obese; two thirds of patients with weight problems have other obesity-related conditions. The study objective was to explore the feasibility of a primary care obesity intervention based on the transtheoretical model (TM) of behavior change and principles of chronic disease (CD) care. Methods: A prospective study of the initial version of the TM-CD intervention with obese family practice patients (n = 284) yielded cross-sectional data on baseline stage of change for six target behaviors: dietary fat, portion control, vegetable intake, fruit intake, usual physical activity, and planned exercise. The sample consisted of obese patients scheduled for an office visit during times when recruitment and informed consent did not conflict with acute care. Results: Obese patients volunteering for a TM-CD program are in different stages of change for six target behaviors. Preparation was the most frequently reported stage for increased exercise (49%) or activity (34%), decreased dietary fat consumption (44%), and increased portion control (51%). Patients in a particular stage for one behavior were distributed across all five stages for another behavior. Stage of change for five target behaviors was associated with body mass index or waist girth (P < .05) in a manner consistent with stage-of-change theory. Conclusions: Using the transtheoretical model of behavior change will allow physicians to recognize when obese patients are receptive to specific behavioral interventions.