Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrolyte Additives for Reversible Dissolution/Deposition of Mn2+/Mn4+ in a Zinc-Manganese Flow Battery

Abstract Due to its adaptability in scaling up, a redox flow battery (RFB) is seen to be one of the finest options for large-scale electrical backup systems. As a result, it is feasible to create RFB systems that are both cost and performance effective. Recently, a zinc-manganese RFB that relies on Zn(s)/Zn2+(aq) and Mn2+(aq)/MnO2 redox couples has gained attention since both zinc and manganese are cheap, abundant, and eco-friendly. However, the reversibility of Mn2+(aq)/MnO2 at the positive electrode is limited by the formation of Mn3+ species upon charge/discharge (CD) cycling, resulting in severe capacity fading. Herein, this study examines the use of reducing agents as electrolyte additives to enhance the reversibility of the Mn2+(aq)/MnO2 reaction. Experimental results indicate that sulfuric acid and oxalic acid as additives can significantly improve the reversibility of the Mn2+(aq)/MnO2 reaction and the cycling stability of zinc-manganese RFBs. The acetate-based system demonstrates better reversible reaction than the sulfate-based system having more than 100 CD cycles at a current density of 10 mA/cm2. Coulombic efficiency (CE) is also seen to be higher than 90%. Overall, results lead to increased efficiency and cycling stability for zinc-manganese RFBs.
Optimization of PLGA-DSPE hybrid nano-micelles with enhanced hydrophobic capacity for curcumin delivery

Abstract Poly (D, L Lactic-co-Glycolic acid) (PLGA) is an FDA-approved polymer. It is distinguished from other biocompatible polymers by its feasibility of production and safety for intravenous cancer tumor targeting. Curcumin (CUR) is a natural molecule with versatile bioactivities including inhibiting the nuclear Factor kappa B (Nf-kB) levels in cancer cells, increased by chemotherapy agents. Our group previously reported a successful decrease in the p65 (RelA) subunit of Nf-kB using 125 µg/ml CUR loaded into PLGA nano-micelles. However, this amount was insufficient to reduce all Nf-kB subunits. This study aimed to increase the hydrophobic capacity of PLGA toward CUR using 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine (DSPE), an FDA-approved phospholipid. PLGA-DSPE hybrid nano-micelles (HNM) were prepared using two different methods, oil-in-water (OiWa) and film preparation-rehydration (FiRe). The encapsulated CUR was successfully increased to 250 µg/ml using the FiRe method. Physicochemical characterization of CUR-loaded HNM was performed using DLS FT-IR, DSC, and HPLC. In HNM with a size of 156.6 nm, DSPE, incorporated with all functional groups of PLGA, and CUR was trapped in the core of this structure. The release profile of CUR was suitable for targeted cancer therapy and the Encapsulation Efficacy was 92%. Graphical Abstract
A Subwaveform-Based Retracker for Multipeak Waveforms: A Case Study over Ukai Dam/Reservoir

Retracking altimeter waveforms over inland water bodies is a challenging task as a wide range of waveform is encountered while the retracking algorithms are available only for a handful of echo shapes. One such waveform shape widely encountered in lakes and reservoirs is the multipeak echo. These echoes are produced when the interacting surface in the altimeter footprint is not homogeneous and a number of different types of surfaces contribute to the resulting waveform. The widely used conventional retrackers, namely the Brown, Beta-5, Ice-2, OCOG, and threshold, can retrack a number of different waveform shapes such as the Brown like waveforms, specular waveforms, and rectangular waveforms but may not perform well for multipeak waveforms. In this article, a technique has been demonstrated to identify the different subwaveforms within a multipeak waveform and identify the subwaveform corresponding to the target at nadir. The subwaveform that is reflected from the nadir surface is identified from apriory information about the surface topography of the area. The subwaveform is then retracked using the 50% threshold to find the correct retracked range and water height. This technique has been tested for nine cycles of SARAL SIGDR data on Ukai reservoir, Gujarat, India, and found to perform much better than the other retrackers, particularly for multipeak waveforms.
A Scalable Staining Strategy for Whole-Brain Connectomics

Mapping the complete synaptic connectivity of a mammalian brain would be transformative, revealing the pathways underlying perception, behavior, and memory. Serial section electron microscopy, via membrane staining using osmium tetroxide, is ideal for visualizing cells and synaptic connections but, in whole brain samples, faces significant challenges related to chemical treatment and volume changes. These issues can adversely affect both the ultrastructural quality and macroscopic tissue integrity. By leveraging time-lapse X-ray imaging and brain proxies, we have developed a 12-step protocol, ODeCO, that effectively infiltrates osmium throughout an entire mouse brain while preserving ultrastructure without any cracks or fragmentation, a necessary prerequisite for constructing the first comprehensive mouse brain connectome.
A Crawler Detection Method for The College Entrance Examination Information Website

The college entrance examination information website provides users with a variety of college entrance examination data that can be used for reference. Due to the public nature of the website and the large scale of the data, it is vulnerable to attacks by web crawlers, which can threaten the stability of the website and the security of the data, so it is especially important to effectively control the crawlers on the college entrance examination information website. In this paper, we propose a crawler detection method for the college entrance examination information website. Firstly, we set multi-level access frequency thresholds to screen out users who may have crawling behavior, and then we detect and identify suspicious users' access according to the characteristics of college entrance examination information website crawlers by SVM, and finally identify the real web crawlers and prohibit them from accessing the college entrance examination information website. Through experiments, it is proved that this method can effectively detect a large part of crawlers and ensure the data security of the college entrance examination information website.
Time series of the stratosphere-troposphere exchange of ozone simulated with reanalyzed and operational forecast data

[1] To evaluate the quality and temporal consistency of the large-scale Brewer-Dobson circulation in meteorological data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, the stratosphere-troposphere exchange of ozone is calculated using a model with linearized stratospheric ozone chemistry. Simulations are performed with the 45-year reanalysis ERA-40 and with operational data (OD) for the period November 1999 to March 2005. In both hemispheres the ozone exchange fluxes are generally higher with ERA-40 than OD. In the Northern Hemisphere this discrepancy appears to be exacerbated by the introduction of satellite observations into the ERA-40 assimilation system in 1973. A comparison to a simulation with data from a run of the ERA-40 system in which no radiance observations were assimilated for the period January–March 1973 serves to demonstrate this point. The ozone exchange flux was also analyzed as a function of the forecast range of the assimilated winds used to drive the model. For optimal comparison between the two assimilation systems, this is done for the year July 2001 to June 2002, when there is maximum overlap between the respective model cycles. The sensitivity to forecast time and update frequency of the forecast series is found to be much stronger for ERA-40 than OD. For the later years of the reanalysis it is concluded that the circulation bias introduced by the assimilation of (satellite) observations is strongly reduced during forecast mode. From a chemistry transport modeling perspective the results imply that the stratospheric and upper tropospheric transport of tracers like ozone can be improved by using the forecasts of the reanalysis but is best represented with the operational data.
Reliability of Relative Paleointensity Recorded in Chinese Loess–Paleosol Sediments

A detailed paleomagnetic and rock‐magnetic investigation spanning loess L7 to paleosol S8 has been carried out at the Baoji and Xifeng sections. Results of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility confirm that the studied loess–paleosol sediments retain primary sedimentary fabrics. Stepwise thermal demagnetization shows that two well‐defined magnetization components can be isolated from both loess and paleosol specimens. A low‐temperature component, isolated between 100°C and 200°C, is consistent with the present geomagnetic field direction, and a high‐temperature component, isolated between 200–300°C and 620–680°C, includes clearly normal and reversed polarities. Isothermal remanent magnetization and thermomagnetic analyses indicate that characteristic remanent magnetization is mainly carried by magnetite and hematite. The Day plot, together with the stratigraphic variations of rock‐magnetic parameters, shows that the uniformity of magnetic mineralogy and grain size fulfills the criteria for relative paleointensity (RPI) studies. RPI records have been constructed using natural remanent magnetization (NRM) intensity after thermal demagnetization at 300°C normalized by low‐frequency magnetic susceptibility (NRM300/χ). The results show that the RPI record from the Baoji section, where pedogenesis is quite weak, is compatible with the stacked PISO‐1500 paleointensity record, suggesting that it might reflect the paleointensity variation of the geomagnetic field. The RPI record from the Xifeng section, where pedogenesis is rather strong, indicates a clear dissimilarity with the stacked PISO‐1500 paleointensity record, implying that it does not reflect the paleointensity variation of the geomagnetic field. Our new results show that the NRM300/χ from the strongly pedogenetic paleosols does not completely eliminate the pedogenetic (climatic) influence, so it might be unsuitable for a reliable paleointensity study.
Sliding Mode Iterative Learning Control for Discrete Linear Repetitive Process with Non-Repetitive Disturbances

This article investigates a sliding mode iterative learning control (SMILC) problem for a class of discrete linear repetitive process with non-repetitive external disturbances. Particularly, the repetitive process is transformed into a two-dimensional (2-D) model. In a 2-D framework, the sliding surface function is constructed and the solvability condition of the desired sliding surface function is derived. Subsequently, sufficient condition is given to guarantee the stability of the resultant sliding mode dynamics. Next, the sliding mode iterative learning controller is developed. Finally, an example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control design method.
Performance Evaluation Of Various Machine Learning Algorithms For Class Imbalanced Landslides Identification

Identification of landslides is essential for risk analysis and control. However, because landslides and land displacement are extremely rare occurrences, landslide identification faces a class imbalance issue. In this research, we try to use feature engineering to enhance model performance and apply strategies to fix the imbalance problem in the landslide identification dataset. More specifically, we applied synthetic and random oversampling strategies to the landslide dataset in order to solve the class-imbalance problem. We have applied various machine learning techniques to landslide identification dataset for identifying landslide and have evaluated these algorithms. Results showed that the random forest approach outperformed alternative classification methods. The random Oversampling Technique outperformed among class-imbalance approaches as well. Feature engineering has also helped in improving performance of most models.
Getting into Networks and Clusters: Evidence from the Mid-Pyrenean GNSS Collaboration Network

This paper contributes to the empirical identification of clusters based on network analysis. We start with the detection of a composite knowledge process rather than a territorial one stricto sensu. Networks and clusters correspond to the complex aggregation process of bi or n-lateral relations in which agents can play heterogeneous structural roles. Their empirical reconstitution requires thus to gather located relational data, whereas their structural properties analysis requires to compute a set of indexes developed in the field of the social network analysis. Our theoretical considerations are tested in the technological field of GNSS (Global Satellite Navigation Systems). We propose a sample of knowledge relations based on collaborative R&D projects and discuss how this sample is shaped and why we can assume its representativeness. Descriptive statistics and structural properties show the influence or the centrality of certain agents in the aggregate structure, and permit to discuss the complementarities between their heterogeneous knowledge profiles.
Development of a Hybrid Vision Sensor and Its Application in Robotic Welding

The current flexible production of small batches puts forward higher requirements for welding robots. Intelligent welding faces many challenges, such as welding target recognition, 3-D scene reconstruction, welding path generation, seam tracking and welding defect detection. However, it is difficult for a single sensor to accomplish all of the above tasks. To improve the intelligence level and autonomous welding ability of robots, a hybrid vision sensor was developed. The sensor integrates monocular vision, laser structured light vision and coded structured light vision simultaneously, which has a compact structure but is mighty in function. The hardware, electrical and software systems of the sensor are introduced in detail, and experiments are carried out on the hand-eye system composed of the sensor and the welding robot. Experiments show that the welding robot system integrated with hybrid vision sensors realizes multiple functions such as weld type identification, initial point detection, point cloud acquisition, welding path generation, feature point extraction and seam tracking.
Distributed Hydrological Model for Fuji River Basin

A distributed hydrological model is developed and applied to the Fuji River basin of 3,432 km2 in Japan, which is divided into squared meshes of 1-km resolution. Mesh meteorological data of temperature, wind speed, sunshine, precipitation, cloud amount, and humidity are produced from weather stations and geographic information system data by a stepwise regression method that characterizes relationships between meteorology and geography. This method provides spatially allocated daily input data. Then a comparatively simple distributed model is proposed, with a submodel of soil-vegetation-atmosphere-transfer type for any mesh and a conceptual submodel for river routing. Spatial distribution patterns and mesh-specific values of model parameters are calibrated with a geographic information system database and 3 years of meteorologic-hydrologic observations. The daily run model can simulate approximately daily processes of snow accumulation and melting, interception, evapotranspiration, and runoff components, .
Quasi-4-Yr Coupling between El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Water Vapor Transport over East Asia–WNP

AbstractThe summer moisture circulation anomaly over East Asia and the western North Pacific (WNP) couples well with the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in a quasi-4-yr period. The moisture circulation is dominated by two well-separated modes. The first mode exhibits an anticyclonic (cyclonic) moisture circulation over tropical–subtropical East Asia–WNP with an easterly (westerly) transport over the tropical WNP–Indian Ocean; the second mode displays an alternating pattern with an anticyclonic (cyclonic) moisture circulation over the subtropical WNP layered between two cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulations. Both modes couple well with the ENSO signal during its quasi-4-yr cycle. Within the cycle, in the summer of a developing warm episode, the positive phase of the second mode plays a key role, while in the transitional summer between a decaying warm episode and a developing cool episode, the positive phase of the first mode tends to take effect. In the summer of a developing cool episode, the negative.
Gravity Investigations of Subsurface Shape and Mass Distributions of Granite Batholiths

Because granitic plutons usually show negative density contrasts with country rocks, they cause moderate to large negative gravity anomalies whose interpretation yields quantitative estimates of subsurface shape. Gravity anomalies suggest that many postkinematic granites extend to depths of about 10 km, which is one third the average continental crustal thickness, whereas some are much thinner. Granite contacts characteristically slope outward, and some granites show strong internal variations in density. Some granites, such as the Mull and Skye granites of Great Britain, are associated with large mafic plutons. Observable structural accommodation appears to be too small to explain emplacement of many large, thick postkinematic granites primarily by forcible intrusion. Stoping may, therefore, be the effective mechanism. Gravity profiles observed across granite batholiths are compared with computed profiles across a large number of hypothetical mass distributions. Negative gravity anomalies show that mass has been removed during the emplacement of most granitic plutons and indicate that the displaced mass of country rocks is neither immediately beneath the pluton nor around its margins. The gravitational effect of displaced country rocks is not apparent in observed gravity profiles. This creates a serious problem for emplacement by magmatic sloping or by granitization which may be overcome: (1) if the displaced material has sunk to great depths, (2) if it is dispersed during emplacement, or (3) if its gravitational effect is negated by a low-density root beneath the granites. Magma could originate: (1) in a granitic layer in the crust, (2) by partial fusion of the lower crust, or (3) in the mantle. Gravity profiles are computed for mass distributions which might represent each of these hypotheses, and the hypotheses are evaluated on the basis of the gravity profile. Gravity interpretation demonstrates that some areally large granitic plutons are thick (Dartmoor Granite), that some large plutons are thin (Fla Granite), and that some plutons are associated with large volumes of mafic rock (Skye granites). Gravity interpretation is a necessary approach to petrologic studies and can lead to a quantitative petrologic interpretation.
Design of FOPID controller for Riverol-Pilipovik Water Treatment Plant Exploiting Jaya Algorithm

This research manuscript focuses on the development of a robust Fractional Order PID (FOPID) controller, which incorporates both integral order and differential order in addition to the conventional parameters to enhance the effectiveness of the control system. The controller is designed to meet performance criterion such as the frequency domain specifications of gain cross-over frequency and phase margin. The simulation results obtained from implementation on a reduced-order model indicate the superiority of FOPID controllers in performance, when compared to a conventional PID controller, for a water treatment plant. Additionally, the FOPID controller formulated for a first-order model is also effective for the original system of higher-order.
Rapid coastal change during the mid- to late Holocene: the record of barrier estuary sedimentation in the Romney Marsh region, southeast England

A common problem facing sea-level researchers lies in determining the cause of rapid changes observed in coastal stratigraphic sequences. Such changes are commonly ascribed to the interaction of processes that operate over differing temporal and spatial scales, i.e. rapid local and regional sea-level trends and storm magnitude/frequency. At least some of the difficulty in distinguishing between these processes lies in the often limited stratigraphic database upon which palaeoenvironmental reconstruction is based. Here, we present the results of detailed morphostratigraphic and micropalaeontological investigations from a series of sites located at the interface between the protective gravel barrier complex of Dungeness and the barrier estuary sediments of Romney Marsh, England. A period of rapid coastal regression is identified between c. 4500 and 3000 cal. yrs BP, during which time the sea level continued to rise but was outpaced by sediment accretion and peat accumulation. A subsequent acceleration in the rate of rise led to a reversal of this excess of sediment supply over sea-level rise, and to rapid inundation of the entire barrier estuary between c. 2800 and 1900 cal. yrs BP. At the local level, coastal development reflects an interdependence between storms and long-term relative sea-level (RSL) rise; processes which lie at opposite ends of the magnitude/frequency spectrum. However, when viewed from a holistic perspective encompassing the Holocene development of Romney Marsh as a whole, storms are of secondary importance in controlling coastal evolution. Rather, our study suggests that at this macro-scale coastal evolution responds primarily to the combined effects of RSL rise and sediment supply
The polar stratospheric cloud event of January 24: Part 2. Photochemistry

During the 1988/89 Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition (AASE), observations of the chemical composition, aerosol characteristics and atmospheric state were obtained from two aircraft, a NASA ER-2 and DC-8. In this paper the authors present a diagnosis of observations obtained using the ER-2 on January 24, 1989, using a Lagrangian coupled microphysical-photochemical model. They interpret the high chlorine monoxide mixing ratios observed from the ER-2 on the afternoon of January 24, 1989 as a result of in situ heterogeneous release of reactive chlorine from the reservoirs HCl and ClONO{sub 2} on Type 1 polar stratospheric cloud particles observed to be present at that time. This essential element in theories of polar ozone depletion has never before been observed directly in the stratosphere.
Face Recognition and Physiological Signal for Impaired Drivers: A Review

The use of Facial Recognition (FR) technology has become increasingly prevalent in a wide range of applications, from security to social media. The ability to identify individuals based on their facial features has proven to be a valuable tool in many real-world scenarios. However, one area that has yet to be fully explored is the use of FR technology in detecting impaired drivers. Driving under the influence of alcohol is a significant public health issue, and the development of reliable and accurate methods for detecting impaired drivers is crucial. While various Physiological Signal (PS) based methods have been developed for this purpose, the use of FR technology in this context has been largely overlooked. This gap in research provides a motivation to look into potential approaches that not only apply FR but also focus on PS. This paper aims to highlight the significance of FR and PS for detecting impaired drivers. It provides an overview of the related works in this area. Additionally, it identifies potential research gaps and discussion for further investigation.