Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modifying mosquitoes to suppress disease transmission: Is the long wait over?

Abstract For more than 50 years it has been a dream of medical entomologists and public health workers to control diseases like malaria and dengue fever by modifying, through genetics and other methods, the arthropods that transmit them to humans. A brief synopsis of the history of these efforts as applied to mosquitoes is presented; none proved to be effective in reducing disease prevalence. Only in the last few years have novel approaches been developed or proposed that indicate the long wait may be over. Three recent developments are particularly promising: CRISPR-Cas9 driven genetic modification, shifting naturally occurring allele frequencies, and microbe-based modifications. The last is the furthest along in implementation. Dengue fever incidence has been reduced between 40% and 96% in 4 different regions of the world where Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti have been established in the field. It is not yet clear how sustainable such control programs will prove to be, but there is good reason for optimism. In light of this, the time is ripe for reinvigorated research on vectors, especially genetics. Vector-borne diseases primarily affect under-developed countries and thus have not received the attention they deserve from wealthier countries with well-developed and funded biomedical research establishments.
Multimodal Analgesia With Sevoflurane Provides Enhanced Intraoperative Analgesic Effects in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Randomized, Blinded Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the first-line and guideline-recommended treatment for large renal calculi. Multimodal analgesia (MMA) comprising a combination of different analgesics is an increasingly popular method for pain control as it has been shown to reduce postoperative pain and reduce opioid use and the risk of opioid misuse, with a shorter recovery time in various procedures and patient populations. OBJECTIVE In this study, we tested the hypothesis that MMA with propofol and sevoflurane (PS) can decrease pain intensity during surgery and used IoC2 as a real-time index of the analgesic effect of sevoflurane. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial. SETTING Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University. METHODS Patients scheduled for elective percutaneous nephrolithotomy from January 2020 to July 2020 were randomized into 2 groups, standard multimodal analgesia (propofol + sevoflurane group) and control (propofol [P] group). The PS group received propofol 2.5 mg/kg/h along with 1% sevoflurane after induction for 30 minutes during the main anesthetic procedure, and the P group received propofol 5 mg/kg/h by intravenous infusion during the operation. Index of consciousness 2 (IoC2), namely nociception index, intraoperative hemodynamic fluctuation, bispectral index (BIS), electromyography, postanesthesia care unit (PACU) length of stay, visual analog scale (VAS) score, and Aldrete and Steward scores were recorded. RESULTS A total of 153 patients undergoing PCNL were enrolled. The demographic and clinical characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. IoC2 was reduced in the PS group compared to the P group at T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, and T15 time points, indicating that analgesia was more effective in the former. The BIS of the PS group did not differ significantly from that of the P group except at T12, T13, T14, and T15. PACU length of stay was shorter in the PS group than in the P group (mean [SD]: 54.35 [16.61] vs 47.39 [13.15], P = 0.04). VAS pain scores did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION MMA with propofol and sevoflurane provided better analgesia than propofol alone and may be an effective method to reduce stress and the intraoperative nociceptive stimulus response in patients undergoing PCNL, thereby promoting rapid postoperative recovery.
Effects of pairing on color change and central gene expression in lined seahorses

Social monogamy is a reproductive strategy characterized by pair living and defense of a common territory. Pair bonding, sometimes displayed by monogamous species, is an affective construct that includes preference for a specific partner, distress upon separation, and the ability of the partner to buffer against stress. Many seahorse species show a monogamous social structure in the wild, but their pair bond has not been well studied. We examined the gene expression of lined seahorses (Hippocampus erectus) during and after the process of pairing in the laboratory as well as color change (luminance), a potential form of social communication and behavioral synchrony between pair mates. When a seahorse of either sex was interacting with its pair mate, their changes in luminance (“brightness”) were correlated and larger than when interacting with an opposite‐sex stranger. At the conclusion of testing, subjects were euthanized, RNA was extracted from whole brains and analyzed via RNA sequencing. Changes in gene expression in paired males versus those that were unpaired included processes governing metabolic activity, hormones and cilia. Perhaps most interesting is the overlap in gene expression change induced by pairing in both male seahorses and male prairie voles, including components of hormone systems regulating reproduction. Because of our limited sample size, we consider our results and interpretations to be preliminary, and prompts for further exploration. Future studies will expand upon these findings and investigate the neuroendocrine and genetic basis of these behaviors.
Preparation and evaluation of a new combined conjugated vaccine against Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) have been identified by the World Health Organization as the most deadly infectious diseases and a pervasive public health problem, causing increased hospital admissions, mortality and antibiotic use. This study aims to determine the most common and resistant bacteria that cause LRTIs and prepare an appropriate vaccine to reduce and prevent potential future infections.
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) negatively regulates α-smooth muscle actin expression via Endo180 and the uPA receptor in corneal fibroblasts.

Corneal fibroblasts are embedded within an extracellular matrix composed largely of collagen type 1, proteoglycans, and other proteins in the corneal stroma, and their morphology and function are subject to continuous regulation by collagen. During wound healing and in various pathological conditions, corneal fibroblasts differentiate into myofibroblasts characterized by the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Endo180, also known as urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) receptor-associated protein (uPARAP), is a collagen receptor. Here we investigated whether targeting of Endo180 and the uPA receptor (uPAR) by uPA might play a role in the regulation of α-SMA expression by culturing corneal fibroblasts derived from uPA-deficient (uPA-/-) or wild-type (uPA+/+) mice in a collagen gel or on plastic. The expression of α-SMA was upregulated, the amounts of full-length Endo180 and uPAR were increased, and the levels of both transforming growth factor-b (TGF-β) expression and Smad3 phosphorylation were higher in uPA-/- corneal fibroblasts compared with uPA+/+ cells under the collagen gel culture condition. Antibodies to Endo180 inhibited these effects of uPA deficiency on a-SMA and TGF-b expression, whereas a TGF-b signaling inhibitor blocked the effects on Smad3 phosphorylation and a-SMA expression. Our results suggest that uPA deficiency might promote the interaction between collagen and Endo180 and thereby increase a-SMA expression in a manner dependent on TGF-β signaling. Expression of α-SMA is thus negatively regulated by uPA through targeting of Endo180 and uPAR.
Efficient IP Trace back Mechanism for Identifying IP Spoofers

- It is well known that aggressors or spoofers may utilize fake source IP address to hide their genuine areas from victims. So, to catch these spoofers a number of techniques for tracing IP address have been proposed . But, because of the challenges of deployment of those techniques ,they have not been widely adopted, at least at the Internet level. So,that is why we can’t end the attacks made by spoofers. This proposes inactive IP trace back that side steps the organization troubles of IP trace back methods. PIT looks at Internet Control Message Protocol bungle messages enacted by parodying development, and tracks the spoofers considering open accessible data.
Enhanced Light Absorption and Radiative Forcing by Black Carbon Agglomerates

The climate models of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change list black carbon (BC) as an important contributor to global warming based on its radiative forcing (RF) impact. Examining closely these models, it becomes apparent that they might underpredict significantly the direct RF for BC, largely due to their assumed spherical BC morphology. Specifically, the light absorption and direct RF of BC agglomerates are enhanced by light scattering between their constituent primary particles as determined by the Rayleigh–Debye–Gans theory interfaced with discrete dipole approximation and recent relations for the refractive index and lensing effect. The light absorption of BC is enhanced by about 20% by the multiple light scattering between BC primary particles regardless of the compactness of their agglomerates. The resulting light absorption agrees very well with the observed absorption aerosol optical depth of BC. ECHAM-HAM simulations accounting for the realistic BC morphology and its coatings reveal high direct RF = 3–5 W/m2 in East, South Asia, sub-Sahara, western Africa, and the Arabian peninsula. These results are in agreement with satellite and AERONET observations of RF and indicate a regional climate warming contribution by 0.75–1.25 °C, solely due to BC emissions.
Flow discharge computation over compound sharp-crested side weirs

Abstract Side weirs are generally rectangular sharp-crested in form, but for accurate flow measurement and management in a wide range of flow discharges, compound side weirs perform better. Such a commonly used one is rectangular compound side weir, which has a small rectangular weir in lower section for measuring low flow discharges, and a wide rectangular section alongside for measuring higher flows. Determination of discharge coefficient for such a compound side weir is difficult and needs to be calibrated using a large set of laboratory tests. In this paper, based on the practical design method of May et al., a new approach was proposed for predicting flow discharge over compound side weirs. This new approach has been evaluated against experimental data in subcritical flow conditions, and has shown very good agreement with the experimental data, with the mean overall and absolute relative errors being 1.6 and 7.8%, respectively. Because the proposed method is independent of discharge coefficient for overflow rate computation, it will provide a reliable and convenient tool for flow measurement of compound side weirs and their water surface profiles.
Investigating immunoregulatory effects of myeloid cell autophagy in acute and chronic inflammation

Studies have highlighted a critical role for autophagy in the regulation of multiple cytokines. Autophagy inhibits the release of interleukin (IL)‐1 family cytokines, including IL‐1α, IL‐1β and IL‐18, by myeloid cells. This, in turn, impacts the release of other cytokines by myeloid cells, as well as other cells of the immune system, including IL‐22, IL‐23, IL‐17 and interferon‐γ. Here, we assessed the impact of genetic depletion of the autophagy gene Atg7 in myeloid cells on acute and chronic inflammation. In a model of acute lipopolysaccharide‐induced endotoxemia, loss of autophagy in myeloid cells resulted in increased release of proinflammatory cytokines, both locally and systemically. By contrast, loss of Atg7 in myeloid cells in the Lyn−/− model of lupus‐like autoimmunity resulted in reduced systemic release of IL‐6 and IL‐10, with no effects on other cytokines observed. In addition, Lyn−/− mice with autophagy‐deficient myeloid cells showed reduced expression of autoantibodies relevant to systemic lupus erythematosus, including anti‐histone and anti‐Smith protein. In vitro, loss of autophagy, through pharmacological inhibition or small interfering RNA against Becn1, inhibited IL‐10 release by human and mouse myeloid cells. This effect was evident at the level of Il10 messenger RNA expression. Our data highlight potentially important differences in the role of myeloid cell autophagy in acute and chronic inflammation and demonstrate a direct role for autophagy in the production and release of IL‐10 by macrophages.
Complete Genome Sequence of Helicobacter pylori Strain 3192, Isolated from a Chinese Patient with Chronic Nonatrophic Gastritis

Here, we present the complete genome sequence of Helicobacter pylori 3192, isolated from a patient diagnosed with nonatrophic gastritis in China. The genome is 1.6 Mbp long and encompasses 1,566 genes, including cagA and vacA genes. ABSTRACT Here, we present the complete genome sequence of Helicobacter pylori 3192, isolated from a patient diagnosed with nonatrophic gastritis in China. The genome is 1.6 Mbp long and encompasses 1,566 genes, including cagA and vacA genes.
The risk factors for radial artery and saphenous vein graft occlusion are different

Abstract Objectives. To determine risk factors for radial artery and saphenous vein graft occlusion during long-term follow-up after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: From a cohort of 119 patients who had received a radial artery graft, 76 – of whom 55 also had at least one saphenous vein graft – underwent a preplanned direct angiography and anthropometric, biochemical, and endothelial function assessment 7.6–12.1 (mean 8.9) years after CABG. Comorbidity, medication, and smoking habits were also recorded. The association between these parameters and conduit longevity was analyzed in univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Results: Radial artery graft occlusions were associated with higher plasma levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein and patency was best among patients with pharmacologically treated hypertension. The sole independent risk factor identified for saphenous vein graft occlusion was tobacco smoking 8–12 years postoperatively. Conclusion: Our data support the contention that the pathogenesis of radial artery graft failure is distinct from vein graft disease and is related to hypertension status and systemic inflammation. These risk factors are potential targets for preventive measures. Accordingly, the study supports the eventual design of personalized secondary prevention regimens. Clinical registration number: ISRCTN23118170
Integration of Genomic Biology Into Therapeutic Strategies of Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis

The peritoneum is a common site of metastasis in advanced gastric cancer (GC). Diagnostic laparoscopy is now routinely performed as part of disease staging, leading to an earlier diagnosis of synchronous peritoneal metastasis (PM). The biology of GCPM is unique and aggressive, leading to a dismal prognosis. These tumors tend to be resistant to traditional systemic therapy, and yet, this remains the current standard-of-care recommended by most international clinical guidelines. As this is an area of unmet clinical need, several translational studies and clinical trials have focused on addressing this specific disease state. Advances in genomic sequencing and molecular profiling have revealed several promising therapeutic targets and elucidated novel biology, particularly on the role of the surrounding tumor microenvironment in GCPM. Peritoneal-specific clinical trials are being designed with a combination of locoregional therapeutic strategies with systemic therapy. In this review, we summarize the new knowledge of cancer biology, advances in surgical techniques, and emergence of novel therapies as an integrated strategy emerges to address GCPM as a distinct clinical entity.
Association Between Abdominal Obesity and Subsequent Vertebral Fracture Risk.

BACKGROUND Obesity had been previously considered to be a protective factor against osteoporosis or fractures; however, recent research indicates that obesity, especially abdominal obesity, may increase the risk of some types of fractures. OBJECTIVE We explored the effects of abdominal obesity on subsequent vertebral fracture (SVF) after percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA). STUDY DESIGN A prospective observational cohort study. SETTING Department of Spinal Surgery of a hospital affiliated with a medical university. METHODS A total of 390 women and 237 men aged > 50 years suffering from osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) were included. Weight, height, bone mineral density (BMD), abdominal circumference, and other basic information were measured at baseline and 1-year follow-up visit. RESULTS During follow-up, 80 (33.7%) men and 143 (36.7%) women incurred SVF. Greater waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) increased the risk of SVF in men (WC: HR 1.83, P = 0.016; WHR: HR 1.63, P = 0.045) and women (WC: HR 2.75, P = 0.001; WHR: HR 2.63, P = 0.001) after adjustment for BMD and other potential confounders. Compared with normal BMI, being overweight was associated with lower SVF risk (women: HR 0.55, P = 0.044; men: HR 0.46, P = 0.046), and obesity was associated with greater SVF risk (women: HR 4.53, P < 0.001; men: HR 3.77, P < 0.001) in both genders. We observed a nonlinear relationship between BMI and SVF with a U-shaped curve; after adjusting BMD, this became a reverse J-curve. LIMITATIONS There was no further statistical analysis of the relationship between abdominal obesity and other fracture sites. Asymptomatic SVF may underestimate the impact of abdominal obesity on the occurrence of SVF. CONCLUSIONS Abdominal obesity was significantly associated with a higher risk of SVF after PVA. Management of body type after PVA may be an effective prevention strategy against SVF.
Spinal meningiomas: 24-Case clinical series Spinal Meningiomalar: 24 Olguluk klinik seri

Gönderilme tarihi: 25.01. 2017 Kabul tarihi: 11.04.2017 Abstract Purpose: Meningiomas are originated from arachnoid cells. Spina meningiomas constitutes an approximate 25-45% of all intradural spinal tumors. In general these are tumors slowly growing at intradural extramedullary localization and mostly of benign characteristics.Their treatment is total excision with hemilaminectomy, laminectomy or laminoplasty. Demographics, surgical treatment results, and factor considered to affect these results of 24 spinal meningioma cases operated at our clinic between 2005-2016 were aimed to be inspected. Materials and methods: In our study, 24 spinal meningioma cases operated at our clinic between 2005-2016 were inspected in terms of age, gender, complaint, complaint duration, localizations, neurological examination results,their correlations with dura, applied surgical method, and all these parameters’ effects on the clinical course. Results: 20 of 24 cases (83.4%) were female and 4 of them were male (16.6%). Average age was found to be 57.7 (27-85) year. The most common complaint was pain with 75% (18 cases, and weakness and numbness in arms and legs followed with 12.5% (3 cases). As per the localization, 70.8% (17 cases) resided at thoracic, 25% (6 cases) at cervical, and 4.2% (1 case) at lumbar region.Gross total mass excision was established in 83.4% of patients (20 cases) via laminectomy and 16.6% of them (4 cases) via laminoplasty.2 patients developed cerebrospinal leakage, 4 patients developed superficial infection, and 2 patients developed temporary neurological deficit as postoperative complications. Conclusion: Spinal meningiomas are the most frequently seen intradural extramedullary secondary spinal tumors and of benign characteristics. In these patients, early diagnosis,early period surgery within a short term after the detection, and total resection as far as possible are of significant importance to acquire long term positive results.
Prevalence and predictors of Helicobacter pylori infection in asymptomatic individuals: a hospital-based cross-sectional study in Shenzhen, China

ABSTRACT Objective Although a high Helicobacter pylori infection rate has been reported in dyspeptic patients, published data for the asymptomatic population are inadequate. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of H. pylori infection and the association between H. pylori infection diagnosed using the noninvasive 13C urea breath test (13C UBT) and risk factors in asymptomatic Chinese individuals. Methods Healthy subjects who underwent hospital health examinations in the hospital health management department from September 2020 to September 2021 were consecutively enrolled. Anthropometric and biochemical characteristics were measured, and all subjects underwent 13C UBT. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the factors associated with H. pylori infection. Results Of the 5007 participants included, the overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 35.0% and was similar in men (35.5%) and women (34.2%). The prevalence of H. pylori increased by 84.8% in those aged ≥ 60 years compared with those aged < 30 years (P=0.006), and increased by 30.9% in the obese group compared with the normal weight groups (P = 0.034). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and albumin levels showed a significant association with the prevalence of H. pylori. The prevalence of H. pylori increased by 6.9% following each 1-unit increase in FBG (P = 0.033) and decreased by 3.7% for each 1-unit increase in albumin (P = 0.012). Moreover, the results of the age stratification showed that albumin level was negatively associated with the prevalence of H. pylori in participants aged < 50 years (OR = 0.952, 95%CI: 0.921–0.985; P = 0.005). However, the prevalence of H. pylori in participants aged ≥ 50 years increased by 66.6% in the impaired glucose group compared to the normal glucose group (P = 0.003). Conclusion These findings suggest that detailed and strict weight and glucose management is crucial to reduce the prevalence of H. pylori infection. Management strategies should be identified and implemented with regard to these identified factors to reduce the notable economic and healthcare burden in China.
PhD examination and examiner characteristics

The choice of examiners for PhD theses across disciplines tend to be based on a stable group of features, i.e. reputation in the field, publication record, subject and/or methodological expertise, and experience of research supervision and examination. In Australia each thesis is normally examined by three examiners, and there is the expectation that most or all examiners would be drawn from outside the examining institution, with possibly some from overseas. What are the results of this process? It is a question that is rarely posed, and yet may have a significant impact on the process of assessment. For any one thesis how ‘balanced’ are examiner characteristics and is there a difference by discipline? Do individual or collective examiner characteristics predict the ratings given to a thesis, or particular qualities of examiner reports? This paper draws on data from a study of the examination of 101 PhD theses from one institution (i.e. a total of 303 examiner reports). The findings have implications for the process of thesis examination, the interpretation of thesis reports, and advice given to supervisors and candidates. ________________________