Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 400 Scientific Prospectus NW Greenland Glaciated Margin Cenozoic evolution of the northern Greenland Ice Sheet exposed by transect drilling in northeast Baffin Bay

Elucidating the long-term history of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is essential for understanding glacial instability thresholds, identified as major climate system tipping points, and how the cryo-sphere will respond to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. To address current knowledge gaps in the evolution and variability of the GrIS and its role in Earth's climate system, International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 400 will obtain cores from seven sites across the northwest Greenland margin into Baffin Bay where thick Cenozoic sedimentary successions can be directly linked to the evolution of the northern GrIS (NGrIS). The strategy of drilling along this transect is to retrieve a composite stratigraphic succession representing the Late Cenozoic era from the Oligocene/Early Miocene to Holocene. The proposed sites will specifically target high– accumulation rate deposits associated with contourite drifts and potential interglacial deposits within a trough mouth fan system densely covered by seismic data. We seek to test if the NGrIS underwent near-complete deglaciations in the Pleistocene and to assess the ice sheet’s response to changes in orbital cyclicities through the mid-Pleistocene transition. Paleoclimate records will be obtained that can provide chronology on the NGrIS expansion and unravel potential linkages between marine heat transport through Baffin Bay and high Arctic warmth during the Pliocene. A deep coring site (980 meters below seafloor) targeting a Miocene and Oligocene strata succession will examine possible linkages between changes in atmospheric CO 2 and climate-ecosystem conditions in Greenland. The overall aim is to investigate the full range of forcings and feedbacks— oceanic, atmospheric, orbital, and tectonic—that influence the GrIS over a range of timescales, as well as conditions prevailing at the time of glacial inception and deglacial to interglacial periods. The data and results gathered from Expedition 400 will effectively constrain predictive models addressing the GrIS response to global warming and its impending effects on global sea levels.
Text Mining Challenges and Applications, A Comprehensive Review

Summary Text Mining which is known as text analysis, is defined as the process to extract the proper text patterns from the unstructured text data, which are collected from different written resources. The unstructured text data almost free and found in many different locations such as newspapers, books, the internet, etc. Text mining enables companies to naturally process information and create significant experiences by applied different Artificial Intelligence (AI) Algorithms. Thus, this leads these companies to make appropriate decisions in a data-driven business. In this article, review the main challenges and assessed the applications of major text mining techniques. The applications of each technique are thoroughly evaluated with comprehensive analysis.
Probabilistic Model-theoretic Semantics for 'want'

Among propositional attitudes, surprisingly little semantic research has been devoted to desire verbs. The possible-worlds analysis of propositional attitudes given by Hintikka (1969), designed for verbs like believe, was generally assumed adequate for desire predicates as well. Stalnaker (1984) showed that such approach is inappropriate. Recent formal analyses that appeared in Asher (1987), Heim (1992), and Geurts (1998), are based on the assumption that ‘wanting that ’ requires strong preference that , that is, preferring to in any possible case. In this paper I argue that this assumption should be revised, and present a probabilistic model for sentences of the kind d wants . Instead of ‘strong preference that ’ I claim that it’s the overall expected desirability of that matters. My model is the standard possible worlds model with two additions. First, every desire report d wants is evaluated with respect to an evaluation function g(w’) that quantifies the desirability of possible worlds for d. The higher g(w’), the more desirable is w’. I argue that it is crucial to allow different evaluation functions for the same individual – a person can have contradicting attitudes toward the same thing, both to want it ant not to want it simultaneously, but according to different aspects. This explains the fact that sentences (1) and (2) can be simultaneously true self-reports of the same person. On the contrary, contradicting belief reports, like (3) and (4), cannot simultaneously describe attitudes of the same congruent person. This difference was overlooked by previous analyses.
Bernhard Schmidt and the Schmidt Telescope for Mapping the Sky

Abstract Bernhard Voldemar Schmidt (1879-1935) was born in Estonia. He ran an optical workshop in Mittweida, Saxonia, between 1901 and 1927. Astronomers appreciated the quality of his telescopes. Starting in 1925, working freelance in Hamburg Observatory, he developed a short focal length optical system with a large field of view. He succeeded in inventing the “Schmidt Telescope” in 1930, which allows the imaging a large field of the sky without any distortions. Shortly after Schmidt’s death, the director of the observatory published details on the invention and production of the Schmidt Telescope. After World War II, Schmidt telescopes have been widely used. The first large Schmidt telescope was built in 1948, the “Big Schmidt” (126 cm), Mount Palomar, USA. Schmidt telescopes are also important tools for cosmology. The result of the Palomar Observatory Sky Surveys (1949-1958, 1985-1999) is a data base of about 20 million galaxies and over 100 million stars, supplemented in 1971 by the ESO Schmidt for the southern sky. Also high resolution spectrometers can be fitted to the Schmidt telescope. The 80 cm Schmidt telescope of Hamburg Observatory, planned since 1936, finished 1955, is on Calar Alto, Spain, since 1975. Combined with two objective prisms, it was used for a Quasar survey project.
Multiscale importance evaluation pruning algorithm

With the continuous increase of the number of network layers, while the network performance is constantly improving, the complexity of the network is also increasing exponentially, which limits the application scenarios of neural networks. To solve this problem, many network compression and acceleration methods have been proposed. Unstructured pruning of networks is a common method that generates compact networks by pruning each parameter of the network. A common operation of pruning is to evaluate the importance of the network at a certain scale to allocate the proportion of pruning. We propose a method that combines the importance of multiple scales to comprehensively evaluate the importance of parameters. Firstly, the network is pruned layer by layer, and the sum of the classification accuracy of the network after pruning and training network for one epoch as the sensitivity of the layer network. Secondly, on the filter, the channel attention module is used to evaluate the importance of each channel of the filter, thirdly, the KL (Kullback Leibler) divergence is used to evaluate the importance of the parameters in the convolution kernel. Finally, the importance of each parameter is generated by multiplying the importance of the three scales, and the result is obtained after fine-tuning the network.
Bleeding and thrombotic complications associated with anticoagulation prior to lung transplantation: a case series

Background Scarce data is available on therapeutic anticoagulation (AC) in patients undergoing pulmonary transplantation. We describe our institutional experience with AC-induced coagulopathy in recipients at the time of transplantation and evaluate its impact on posttransplant outcomes. Methods Records of adult patients on therapeutic AC at the time of lung transplantation from January 2014 to July 2021 were reviewed. Administration of preoperative pharmacologic reversal was assessed, with adequate reversal defined as international normalized ratio (INR) ≤1.5. We evaluated the incidence of major bleeding complications [delayed sternal closure, reoperation due to bleeding, chest tube output ≥1,500 cc, ≥4 units of packed red blood cells, ≥4 units of platelets, or ≥5 units of fresh frozen plasma (FFP)], major thrombotic complications [venous thromboembolism (VTE) or other major thrombosis on imaging], and inpatient mortality. Results Of 602 lung transplant recipients, 10 patients taking preoperative warfarin were included in the study. While most patients received pharmacologic reversal preoperatively (n=9, 90%), successful reversal was rarely achieved (n=3, 30%). Inadequate INR reversal was associated with major bleeding events (n=6, 60%). Major thrombotic complications were more frequent (n=7, 70%) than bleeding events. Notably, all fatalities within the cohort (n=2, 20%) were associated with thrombotic, but not bleeding, complications. Conclusions This is the first known report on the incidence and impact of AC-induced coagulopathy in patients undergoing lung transplantation. Major thrombotic events are frequent and associated with high mortality. Routine surveillance and treatment may be warranted.
Circadian cortisol profiles and hair cortisol concentration in patients with psoriasis: associations with anxiety, depressive symptomatology and disease severity

There is evidence that stress and psoriasis interact bidirectionally. Specifically, stress is not only induced by psoriasis, but it is also considered a precipitating factor for onset or exacerbation of the disease. Neuroendocrine alterations of the stress system have been implicated in this association. To assess the diurnal rhythm of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and hair cortisol levels in patients with psoriasis compared to healthy controls, and further explore whether suggested alterations in HPA axis activity are related to anthropometric, psychological, and disease activity/severity indices. We assessed stress levels quantified by questionnaires, psoriasis severity, and stress system activity based on HPA axis biomarkers. The sample comprised 18 adult patients with exacerbation of non-pustular psoriasis compared to 18 healthy controls (18–65 years old). In particular, salivary cortisol diurnal profiles and hair cortisol concentration were evaluated in both groups. Five distinct salivary samples were collected during a day of rest and 3-cm hair segments were cut. A higher prevalence of self-reported anxiety, stress, and depressive symptoms was reported among psoriatic patients compared to healthy controls. Also, blunted salivary cortisol diurnal rhythm in psoriatic patients and a positive correlation of salivary cortisol concentration with state anxiety and psoriasis severity were revealed. No associations were shown between hair cortisol concentrations and disease presence/severity. We provide preliminary evidence that psoriasis patients may demonstrate a hypofunctional HPA axis, while our findings also suggest a complex interaction between HPA axis activity, psychosocial status and pathophysiological processes in psoriasis
Diphyodont tooth replacement of Brasilodon—A Late Triassic eucynodont that challenges the time of origin of mammals

Two sets of teeth (diphyodonty) characterise extant mammals but not reptiles, as they generate many replacement sets (polyphyodonty). The transition in long‐extinct species from many sets to only two has to date only been reported in Jurassic eucynodonts. Specimens of the Late Triassic brasilodontid eucynodont Brasilodon have provided anatomical and histological data from three lower jaws of different growth stages. These reveal ordered and timed replacement of deciduous by adult teeth. Therefore, this diphyodont dentition, as contemporary of the oldest known dinosaurs, shows that Brasilodon falls within a range of wide variations of typically mammalian, diphyodont dental patterns. Importantly, these three lower jaws represent distinct ontogenetic stages that reveal classic features for timed control of replacement, by the generation of only one replacement set of teeth. This data shows that the primary premolars reveal a temporal replacement pattern, importantly from directly below each tooth, by controlled regulation of tooth resorption and regeneration. The complexity of the adult prismatic enamel structure with a conspicuous intra‐structural Schmelzmuster array suggests that, as in the case of extant mammals, this extinct species would have probably sustained higher metabolic rates than reptiles. Furthermore, in modern mammals, diphyodonty and prismatic enamel are inextricably linked, anatomically and physiologically, to a set of other traits including placentation, endothermy, fur, lactation and even parental care. Our analysis of the osteodental anatomy of Brasilodon pushes back the origin of diphyodonty and consequently, its related biological traits to the Norian (225.42 ± 0.37 myr), and around 25 myr after the End‐Permian mass extinction event.
Transcriptome and DNA methylome analyses reveal underlying mechanisms for the racial disparity in uterine fibroids

Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) affect Black women disproportionately compared with women of other races and ethnicities in terms of prevalence, incidence, and severity of symptoms. The causes of this racial disparity are essentially unknown. We hypothesized that myometria of Black women are more susceptible to developing fibroids, and we examined the transcriptomic and DNA methylation profiles of myometria and fibroids from Black and White women for comparison. Myometrial samples cluster by race in both their transcriptome and DNA methylation profiles, whereas fibroid samples only cluster by race in the latter. More differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the Black and White myometrial sample comparison than in the fibroid comparison. Leiomyoma gene set expression analysis identified 4 clusters of DEGs, including a cluster of 24 genes with higher expression in myometrial samples from Black women. One of the DEGs in this group, von Willibrands factor (VWF), was significantly hypomethylated in both myometrial samples from Black women and in all fibroids at 2 CpG probes that are near a putative enhancer site and that are correlated with VWF expression levels. These results suggest that the molecular basis for the disparity in fibroid disease between Black and White women could be found in the myometria before fibroid development and not in the fibroids themselves.
Molecular detection and assessment of the epidemiological risk factors associated with equine herpesvirus 2 and 5 in working equids in central Ethiopia

Abstract Background Respiratory disease is the most common presenting complaint at veterinary clinics and a priority concern for equid owners and veterinary practitioners in Ethiopia. Objectives This study aimed to report the molecular detection of EHV‐2 and EHV‐5 and to assess the risk factors associated with infection in working equids in central Ethiopia. Methods Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 58 horses and donkeys to detect EHV‐2 and EHV‐5 using PCR targeting the conserved region of glycoprotein B (gB) genes. Results From 58 equids, EHV‐5 and EHV‐2 were detected in 20 (34.5%) and 19 (32.8%) equids, respectively. Concurrent infection with EHV‐2 and EHV‐5 was found in 6 (10.3%) equids who exhibited respiratory clinical signs. EHV‐2 was detected in a significantly higher (p = 0.002) proportion of horses (54.5%; n = 18) than donkeys (4%; n = 1). In contrast, EHV‐5 was detected in a significantly higher (p = 0.004) proportion of donkeys (56%; n = 14) compared to horses (18.2% n = 6). EHV‐2‐positive equids were seven times more likely to display clinical signs of respiratory disease than EHV‐2‐negative equids (Odds ratio (OR) = 6.9; 95%CI: 1.72‐27.60). However, statistically significant (p = 0.832) difference was not observed for EHV‐5. EHV‐2 was detected in a significantly higher (p = 0.004) proportion of female (50%; n = 16) compared to male equids (11.5%; n = 3). Conclusions This study revealed the molecular detection of EHV‐2 and EHV‐5 in horses and donkeys residing in central Ethiopia. The association between EHV‐2‐test‐positive equids and displaying of clinical signs of respiratory disease was observed, which suggests EHV‐2 involvement in the development of respiratory disease; however, it deserves further investigation.
How to generate a random nonsingular matrix in McEliece's public-key cryptosystem

In the designing of McEliece's (1978) public-key cryptosystem, and other algebraic-code cryptosystems, it is very important to produce a random nonsingular k*k matrix S. For a system designer, how does he fulfill this task of randomly selecting a nonsingular k*k matrix? The present paper discusses the problem, presenting a very simple and effective method of generating a random full-rank k*k matrix. <<ETX>>
Evaluation of artificial diets based on different legume seeds on the nutritional physiology and digestive function of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)

Abstract Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is considered a serious agricultural pest worldwide. We explored the effects of artificial diets containing ten legumes, including broad beans (Shadan, Feyz, Saraziri, Barekat, and Mahta cultivars), white kidney beans (Dehghan cultivar), red kidney beans (Goli cultivar), common beans (Khomein cultivar), cowpeas (Mashhad and Arabi cultivars) on the feeding responses of H. armigera by quantifying specific primary and secondary metabolites in the studied legumes and determining larval nutritional indices and digestive enzyme activities. The results showed that the highest efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) and relative growth rate values (RGR) of whole larval instars were obtained in the Dehghan and Goli cultivars. However, the lowest values of ECD and RGR were observed in the larvae fed on the Khomein and Mahta cultivars. The highest proteolytic and amylolytic activities of larvae were found on the Dehghan and Mashhad cultivars. The highest and lowest values of standardized insect-growth index and index of plant quality were observed in larvae feeding on the Dehghan and Khomein cultivars, respectively. Additionally, significant variations in phytochemical metabolites were recorded among the studied legume cultivars. Significant negative or positive correlations were also found between feeding characteristics and enzymatic activities of H. armigera with the biochemical composition of the studied legumes. The cluster analysis results revealed that artificial diets containing Mahta and Khomein cultivars were unsuitable for H. armigera, and can be used as candidates for integrated pest management programs or for screening insect inhibitors to produce genetically modified pest-resistant plants.
Development of a Smartphone-Based mHealth Platform for Telerehabilitation

Telerehabilitation is becoming increasingly valuable as a method for expanding medical services. The smartphone-based mHealth platform (SMPT) has been developed to provide high-quality remote rehabilitation through a smartphone and inertial measurement units. The SMPT uses smartphone as a main platform with connection to medical backend server to provide telerehabilitation. Patients would be referred to therapists to receive a tutorial of exercise technique prior to conducting their home exercise. Once patients begin their home exercises, they can report any problems instantly through the SMPT. The medical staff can adjust the exercise program according to patient feedback and the data collected by the SMPT. After completing the exercise program, patients visit their clinician for re-evaluation. A Service User Technology Acceptability Questionnaire from both medical professional and public perspective revealed a high level of agreement on enhanced care, increased accessibility, and satisfaction and a moderate level of agreement on the use of this platform as a substitute for traditional rehabilitation. Concerns about privacy and discomfort were low in the medical professional and public groups. Concerns about care personnel were also significantly different between the two groups. The SMPT is a promising system for providing telerehabilitation as an adjunct to traditional rehabilitation, which may result in improved outcomes compared with those achieved when using traditional rehabilitation alone.
Efficient algorithms for shortest path and visibility problems

Finding shortest paths and determining visibilities are problems encountered every day. Formal versions of these problems are important in computational geometry. Both kinds of problems specify a space and a set of opaque, impenetrable obstacles in the space. Visibility problems ask what an observer would see if placed in the space; shortest path problems seek the minimum length route for an object moving among the obstacles. This thesis provides algorithms for several visibility and shortest path problems, illuminating the relationship between the two classes. The first part of the thesis considers problems in which the space is the plane and the obstacles are non-intersecting line segments. It presents a worst-case-optimal algorithm to find the visibility graph of the set of segments; that is, it computes what would be seen by observers standing at all the segment endpoints. It then uses this information to find shortest paths for a non-rotating convex body moving among the segments. The second part of the thesis provides several optimal algorithms for shortest path and visibility problems inside simple polygons that have already been triangulated. In this setting, the polygon walls are the only obstacles. The most basic problem considered is that of finding all shortest paths from a particular vertex to other vertices. The solution to this problem can be applied to solve several visibility problems, including that of finding the visibility graph of a simple polygon in time proportional to its size. The thesis concludes by presenting geometric structures and corresponding data structures to solve several query problems efficiently, including the following: the shooting problem, which asks where a bullet fired inside a polygon would hit its boundary, and the two-point shortest path problem, which asks for the length of the shortest path between two arbitrary query points. Throughout the thesis, solutions to shortest path problems help solve visibility problems, and vice versa. The use of a single technique to solve problems of both classes demonstrates the close ties between the two.
Evolution of functional antibodies following acute Epstein-Barr virus infection

While Epstein-Barr virus causes mostly asymptomatic infection, associated malignancies, and autoimmune and lymphoproliferative diseases occur. To dissect the evolution of humoral immune responses over the course of EBV infection and to gain a better understanding of the potential contribution of antibody (Ab) function to viral control, we comprehensively profiled Ab specificities and Fc-functionalities using systems serology and VirScan. Ab functions against latent (EBNA1), early (p47/54) and two late (gp350/220 and VCA-p18) EBV proteins were overall modest and/or short-lived, differing from humoral responses induced during acute infection by other viruses such as HIV. In the first year post infection, only p18 elicited robust IgM-driven complement deposition and IgG-driven neutrophil phagocytosis while responses against EBNA-1 were largely Fc-functionally silent and only matured during chronic infection to drive phagocytosis. In contrast, Abs against Influenza virus readily mediated broad Fc-activity in all participants. These data suggest that EBV evades the induction of robust Fc-functional Abs, potentially due to the virus’ life cycle, switching from lytic to latent stages during infection.