Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Operator Theoretical Approach Towards Systems over the Signal Space 2(Z)

In this paper a system is considered as a (possibly unbounded) lin- ear operator from � 2(Z) m to � 2(Z) p . Georgiou and Smith (6) noted that there are intrinsic difficulties in using � 2(Z) as underlying signal space, since even a simple causal convolution system is not closed and an extended definition of the system is not causal. We discuss these difficulties and we develop nec- essary and sufficient conditions for notions such as causality, closability and causal closability.
Domain control of nonlinear networked systems and applications to complex disease networks

The control of complex nonlinear dynamical networks is an ongoing challenge in diverse contexts ranging from biology to social sciences. To explore a practical framework for controlling nonlinear dynamical networks based on meaningful physical and experimental considerations, we propose a new concept of the domain control for nonlinear dynamical networks, i.e., the control of a nonlinear network in transition from the domain of attraction of an undesired state (attractor) to the domain of attraction of a desired state. We theoretically prove the existence of a domain control. In particular, we offer an approach for identifying the driver nodes that need to be controlled and design a general form of control functions for realizing domain controllability. In addition, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our theory and approaches in three realistic disease-related networks: the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) core network, the T helper (Th) differentiation cellular network and the cancer network. Moreover, we reveal certain genes that are critical to phenotype transitions of these systems. Therefore, the approach described here not only offers a practical control scheme for nonlinear dynamical networks but also helps the development of new strategies for the prevention and treatment of complex diseases.
State-feedback control of discrete-time switched positive linear systems

This brief concerns the stabilisation problem for a class of slowly switched positive linear systems in discrete-time context. The average dwell-time switching associated with the corresponding state-feedback controllers is designed to stabilise the closed-loop systems and keep the states non-negative. The developed conditions are formulated as linear matrix inequalities, which can be directly used for controller synthesis and switching designing. Finally, a numerical example is presented to show the feasibility of the obtained theoretical results.
Limit theorems for the logarithm of the order of a random A-mapping

Abstract Let 𝔖n be a semigroup of mappings of a set X with n elements into itself, A be some fixed subset of the set N of natural numbers, and Vn(A) be a set of mappings from 𝔖n, with lengths of cycles belonging to A. The mappings from Vn(A) are called A-mappings. We suppose that the set A has an asymptotic density ϱ > 0, and that |k : k ≤ n, k ∈ A, m − k ∈ A|/n → ϱ2 as n → ∞ uniformly over m ∈ [n, Cn] for each constant C > 1. A number M(α) of different elements in a set {α, α2, α3, …} is called an order of mapping α ∈ 𝔖n. Consider a random mapping σ = σn(A) having uniform distribution on Vn(A). In the present paper it is shown that random variable ln M(σn(A)) is asymptotically normal with mean l(n)=∑k∈A(n)ln⁡(k)/k $l(n)=\sum_{k\in A(\sqrt{n})}\ln(k)/{k}$ and variance ϱln3(n)/24, where A(t) = {k : k ∈ A, k ≤ t}, t > 0. For the case A = N this result was proved by B. Harris in 1973.
Nonlinear Analysis and Attitude Control of a Gyrostat Satellite with Chaotic Dynamics Using Discrete‐Time LQR‐OGY

Quasi‐periodic and chaotic behavior, along with the control of chaos for a Gyrostat satellite (GS), is investigated in this work. The quaternion‐based dynamical model of the GS is first derived, and then the influences of the reaction wheels in the GS structure, under the gravity gradient perturbation that causes a route to chaos through quasi‐periodicity mechanism, is investigated. For the suppression of chaos in the system, a chaos control system with the quaternion feedback is designed for the GS based on the extension of the Ott‐Grebogi‐Yorke (OGY) method using the linearization of the Poincaré map. In the extended OGY controller, the Poincaré map is estimated using the Least Square Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) technique. After linearization of the Poincaré map, the Discrete‐time Linear Quadratic Regulator (DLQR) is applied on the linearized Poincaré map, making the DLQR‐OGY controller for chaos. The DLQR‐OGY control system stabilizes the orbits to the fixed points providing a small control input signal, which leads to a decrease in the control effort and energy consumption in the GS system.
Coupled mixed finite element and finite volume methods for a solid velocity-based model of multidimensional sedimentation

In this paper we introduce and analyze a model of sedimentation based on a solid velocity formulation. A particular feature of the governing equations is given by the fact that the velocity field is non-divergence free. We introduce extra variables such as the pseudostress tensor relating the velocity gradient with the pressure, thus leading to a mixed variational formulation consisting of two systems of equations coupled through their source terms. A result of existence and uniqueness of solutions is shown by means of a fixed-point strategy and the help of the Babuška-Brezzi theory and Banach theorem. Additionally, we employ suitable finite dimensional subspaces to approximate both systems of equations via associated mixed finite element methods. The well-posedness of the resulting coupled scheme is also treated via a fixed-point approach, and hence the discrete version of the existence and uniqueness result is derived analogously to the continuous case. The above is then combined with a finite volume method for the transport equation. Finally, several numerical results illustrating the performance of the proposed model and the full numerical scheme, and confirming the theoretical rates of convergence, are presented.
Spatial coherence and entanglement of light

In this thesis we investigate diverse aspects of spatial coherence of light. Non-classical fields containing two photons can be generated by a nonlinear optical process known as spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC). Among the questions we consider are: What is so special about spatial entanglement? How is it revealed in the fourth-order correlations? What are the differences between a highly entangled and a classically correlated state? How can the number of modes be manipulated and measured? For a two-photon system, we measure both intensities and two-photon correlations. To get deeper insights into how coherence affects interference, we also investigate completely classical sources.
A novel study for hydro-generators loss of excitation faults detection using ANFIS

Abstract This paper presents a new approach for Loss of Excitation (LOE) faults detection in hydro-generators using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system. The proposed scheme was trained by data from simulation of a 345 kV system under various faults conditions and tested for different loading conditions. Details of the design process and the results of performance using the proposed technique are discussed in the paper. Three techniques are used in this article based on the type of inputs to the proposed ANFIS unit, the generator terminal impedance measurements (R and X), the generator RMS Line to Line voltage and Phase current (Vtrms and Ia) and the positive sequence components of the generator voltage magnitude, phase current magnitude, and angle (│V+ve│, │I+ve│, and ∟I+ve). The obtained results from these schemes are compared with each other and are compared with other techniques. The results show that the proposed technique is effective in detecting the LOE faults and the obtained results are very encouraging.
Risk factors predicting acute postoperative pain immediately after minimally invasive inguinal hernia repair

Introduction Acute postoperative pain remains one of the most common problems, even after laparoscopic or endoscopic hernia repair. Avoiding predictive factors for acute pain after surgery or prescribing additional analgesia for a patient who has risk factors that cannot be removed can be one of the options to reduce acute postoperative pain. However, there is a lack of clinical studies that evaluate the predictive factors of postoperative pain after transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) and totally extraperitoneal (TEP) surgeries. Aim To identify independent risk factors predicting pain after laparoscopic and endoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Material and methods A prospective, randomized clinical trial was carried out by randomising patients into 2 groups (TAPP and TEP). Pre-operative and peri-operative findings were recorded. Postoperative pain was evaluated 3 h after the surgery using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Groups of patients who felt mild pain (VAS 0–2) and patients who felt average or severe pain (VAS 3–10) were compared. Results A total of 132 male patients were included in the study. Disease duration of more than 1 year, smoking, and TAPP surgery significantly increase the risk of moderate and strong pain 3 h after surgery. Conversely, shorter duration of symptoms and physical occupation decrease the risk of acute pain score greater than 3 according to the VAS. Conclusions The study shows that the duration since groin hernia appearance, smoking, physical occupation, and TAPP technique are possible predictive factors for acute postoperative pain after minimally invasive inguinal hernia repair. We suggest that for patients who have those predictors, some factors can be avoided or additional analgesia can be used.
Observing the Gamma-Ray Burst–Supernova Connection with 1m-class Aperture Telescopes

Observations over the past two decades indicate that some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are associated with core-collapse supernovae (SNe). We explore the connection between nature’s two biggest explosions by reviewing their photometric properties and standard models. Using three small telescopes (1-m class) belonging to the Southeastern Association for Research in Astronomy (SARA) consortium, we observed four events and present our findings here. These events include a connected GRB-SN (GRB 171205A/SN 2017iuk), an orphan afterglow (AT 2018cow), a burst with a faint afterglow (GRB 180620A), and a burst with no afterglow (GRB 180514). We performed photometric measurements of these events and compared our data with data of other observers. To further explore the GRB-SN connection, we considered cosmological effects such as luminosity distance, time dilation, and K-corrections. These were applied to photometric data of SN 1998bw, the GRB-SN that confirmed the relation between the two phenomena. This template was compared to data of GRB 980326 to determine the burst’s redshift, an exercise that has been performed previously in other studies. We also modeled the light curve of SN 2017iuk using the template as well as predicted when a supernova may have emerged from AT 2018cow. We established an upper limit of R ∼ 21 when observing on SARA, which constrains GRB observations to those at redshifts of z ≤ 0.22. Lastly, we propose a simple outline for using 1-m class telescopes to observe gamma-ray bursts and supernovae.
Ultrasound modulation of bioluminescence generated inside a turbid medium

In vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) has poor spatial resolution owing to strong light scattering by tissue, which also affects quantitative accuracy. This paper proposes a hybrid acousto-optic imaging platform that images bioluminescence modulated at ultrasound (US) frequency inside an optically scattering medium. This produces an US modulated light within the tissue that reduces the effects of light scattering and improves the spatial resolution. The system consists of a continuously excited 3.5 MHz US transducer applied to a tissue like phantom of known optical properties embedded with bio-or chemiluminescent sources that are used to mimic in vivo experiments. Scanning US over the turbid medium modulates the luminescent sources deep inside tissue at several US scan points. These modulated signals are recorded by a photomultiplier tube and lock-in detection to generate a 1D profile. Indeed, high frequency US enables small focal volume to improve spatial resolution, but this leads to lower signal-to-noise ratio. First experimental results show that US enables localization of a small luminescent source (around 2 mm wide) deep (∼20 mm) inside a tissue phantom having a scattering coefficient of 80 cm-1. Two sources separated by 10 mm could be resolved 20 mm inside a chicken breast.
A robust radiomic-based machine learning approach to detect cardiac amyloidosis using cardiac computed tomography

Introduction Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) shares similar clinical and imaging characteristics (e.g., hypertrophic phenotype) with aortic stenosis (AS), but its prognosis is generally worse than severe AS alone. Recent studies suggest that the presence of CA is frequent (1 out of 8 patients) in patients with severe AS. The coexistence of the two diseases complicates the prognosis and therapeutic management of both conditions. Thus, there is an urgent need to standardize and optimize the diagnostic process of CA and AS. The aim of this study is to develop a robust and reliable radiomics-based pipeline to differentiate the two pathologies. Methods Thirty patients were included in the study, equally divided between CA and AS. For each patient, a cardiac computed tomography (CCT) was analyzed by extracting 107 radiomics features from the LV wall. Feature robustness was evaluated by means of geometrical transformations to the ROIs and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) computation. Various correlation thresholds (0.80, 0.85, 0.90, 0.95, 1), feature selection methods [p-value, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), semi-supervised LASSO, principal component analysis (PCA), semi-supervised PCA, sequential forwards selection] and machine learning classifiers (k-nearest neighbors, support vector machine, decision tree, logistic regression and gradient boosting) were assessed using a leave-one-out cross-validation. Data augmentation was performed using the synthetic minority oversampling technique. Finally, explainability analysis was performed by using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method. Results Ninety-two radiomic features were selected as robust and used in the further steps. Best performances of classification were obtained using a correlation threshold of 0.95, PCA (keeping 95% of the variance, corresponding to 9 PCs) and support vector machine classifier reaching an accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 0.93. Four PCs were found to be mainly dependent on textural features, two on first-order statistics and three on shape and size features. Conclusion These preliminary results show that radiomics might be used as non-invasive tool able to differentiate CA from AS using clinical routine available images.
Synthesis of a New DPTYEAP Ligand and Its Complexes with Their Assessments on Physical Properties, Antioxidant, and Biological Potential to Treat Breast Cancer

A new series of complexes of the 2-((1E,2E)-1,2-diphenyl-2-(thiazol-2-ylimino)ethylidene)amino)phenol (DPTYEAP) has been synthesized by the reaction of the ligand with metal chlorides of Ni(II), Cu(II), Pt(IV), and AgNO3 in ethanol as a solvent. The ligand was prepared for the two steps. In the first step, compound (A) was synthesized by reacting 2-aminothiazol with benzil in ethanol. Another step is the preparation of the ligand from the reaction of compound (A) with 2-aminophenol. The structures of the ligand and its complexes were confirmed by FTIR, 1H-13C-NMR, UV-Vis spectra, melting points, molar conductivity (C, H, and N), and magnetic susceptibility. The synthesized complexes were prepared in a 1:2 ratio for Ni(II), Cu(II), and Pt(IV) complexes and a 1:1 ratio (M:L) for Ag(I) complexes. The geometric shape of all complexes is octahedral, except for the Ag(I) complex, which is tetrahedral. The antioxidant test for the prepared compounds was carried out. The anticancer test was conducted for each of the ligands and the platinum(IV) complex, and it was found that the platinum complex is more effective against breast cancer cells (MCF-7); thus, it can be used as a potential drug after studying it well.
Control in Greek gerunds: Implicit arguments and other factors

This paper discusses the control properties of the subjects of Greek gerunds. First, we discuss the control properties of overt subjects that are disjoint in reference from matrix arguments and we conclude that these subjects constitute only apparent counterexamples to the requirement that only controlled null elements appear as subjects of non-finite forms in non-case-marked positions. Then, we focus on covert subjects that are non-coreferential with matrix overt arguments. We conclude that such subjects can only be present when controlled by an implicit argument of the matrix clause. Finally, we point out some problematic aspects of the proposal put forth here.
Application of Hybrid RANS/LES turbulence models in rotor-stator fluid machinery: A comparative study

Purpose This paper aims to improve performance prediction and to acquire more detailed flow structures so as to analyze the turbulence in complex rotor-stator flow. Design/methodology/approach Hydraulic retarder as typical fluid machinery was numerically investigated by using hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)/large eddy simulation (LES) models CIDDES Algebraic Wall-Modeled Large Eddy Simulation (LES) (WMLES) S-Ω and dynamic hybrid RANS/LES (DHRL). The prediction results were compared and analyzed with a RANS model shear stress transport (SST) k-omega which was a recommended choice in engineering. Findings The numerical results were verified by experiment and indicated that the predicted values for three hybrid turbulence models were more accurate. Then, the transient flow field was further analyzed visually in terms of turbulence statistics, Reynolds number, pressure-streamline, vortex structure and eddy viscosity ratio. The results indicated that HRL approaches could capture unsteady flow phenomena. Practical implications This study achieves both in performance prediction improvement and better flow mechanism understanding. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) could be used instead of flow visualization to a certain extent. The improved CFD method, the fine computational grid and the reasonable simulation settings jointly enhance the application of CFD in the rotor-stator flow. Originality/value The improvement was quite encouraging compared with the reported literatures, contributing to the CFD playing a more important role in the flow machinery. DHRL provided the detailed explanation of flow transport between rotor and stator, which was not reported before. Through it, the flow mechanism can be better understood.
New approaches for coherent and incoherent implementation of x-ray phase contrast imaging

Two new x-ray imaging modalities exploiting the phase delay electromagnetic waves experience when travelling through matter are introduced in this work. The first, called beam tracking, allows the measurement of three different physical properties of an object: absorption, refraction and ultra-small-angle scattering. This is achieved by tracking the variations induced to a reference beam by a sample through a multi-Gaussian interpolation. Beam tracking can be implemented with both monochromatic, coherent radiation (available at e.g. synchrotron facilities) and polychromatic, incoherent radiation produced by standard laboratory sources. The nature of the three extracted signals allows the implementation of beam tracking in computed tomography, resulting in the three-dimensional reconstruction of the real and imaginary part of the sample refractive index, alongside its local scattering power. The second proposed method, called one dimensional ptychography, exploits the coherent properties of synchrotron radiation to retrieve the sample complex refractive index. The peculiar feature of this method is the strongly asymmetric beam used to illuminate the sample. Unlike standard ptychographic techniques, this enables scanning the sample in one direction only, which can lead to a possible reduction in exposure time when large field of views are covered. At the same time, ptychographic, sub-pixel resolution can be obtained only in the scan direction, while pixel-limited resolution is obtained in the orthogonal one. Prior to the introduction of these methods, the theoretical foundations are laid down, and the development of a fast and effective simulation software allowing their implementation is described.
The Addition of Copper Nanoparticles to Mineral Trioxide Aggregate for Improving the Physical and Antibacterial Properties

The physical and antibacterial properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) have been improved by adding copper nanoparticles (CuNP). The CuNP colloid was synthesized by reacting CuCl2·2H2O and NaBH4 as the reducing agent using C6H8O6 as the capping agent. The Cu(II) concentration was varied by 3.0, 6.0, and 9.0 mM to produce CuNP-3, CuNP-6, and CuNP-9 colloids, respectively. The CuNP colloids were characterized with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and TEM. MTA was hydrated with CuNP at a mass-to-volume ratio of 2:1 to produce Cu-MTA-3, Cu-MTA-6, and Cu-MTA-9, respectively. All products were characterized with XRD and SEM-EDX. The compressive strength, pH, Ca ion release, and solubility were measured, and antibacterial activity was tested. The results showed a spherical shape of the synthesized CuNP with a particle size of ~28.08 nm. Adding CuNP-9 to hydrated MTA increased the compressive strength, pH, Ca ion release, and solubility, with the value of 4.78±0.38 MPa; 9.01±0.03; 1718±63 ppm, and 22.48±0.37%, respectively. The highest antibacterial activity occurred for Cu-MTA-9, with an inhibition zone of 10.15±0.47 mm against S. aureus and 11.93±1.16 mm against P. aeruginosa. The findings show a potential application of the product for endodontic materials containing antibacterial agents.
Are performance-based payment structures more strongly correlated with better health outcomes compared to solely fee-for-service payment for surgeons?

For years, the healthcare industry has compensated its surgeons with a simple fee-for-service model. With more payment structures becoming prevalent, we decided to review one specific type of payment structure, pay-for-performance, and its impact on patient health outcomes. We hypothesized that, on average, across all specialties, performance-based contracts would yield better health outcomes compared to fee-for-service payments alone. We also hypothesized that performance-based contracts might pressure physicians to get results and could lead to mistakes and a worse quality of care. We reviewed nine papers from 2006-2014, of which the majority were conducted in the United States, with one each from Italy and Germany. Our review included three literary/systematic reviews, three before & after studies, and two cross-sectional analyses. Many papers did not provide strong evidence of the effect of pay-for-performance on health outcomes, although examined papers agree on certain things. A common theme we found was the pay-for-performance increased documentation and the number of procedures done, but with minimal conclusions about outcomes. This may result from poor or non-standardized metrics being used to measure and report “performance. ” However, two studies found that pay-for-performance improved patient health outcomes, despite limitations. For example, Brosig-Koch et al., (2013) found that P4P was not cost-effective from a solely financial standpoint.