Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pacific Leaders in Open, Online and Distance Learning

The Pacific is a vast region, with a diverse range of cultures and stretched geographical lands, which covers large territories and long distances. Open, online and distance learning (ODL) has always played a key role in providing access to education to remote and rural students and disadvantaged groups. In fact, it could be argued that without ODL, the levels of educational attainment in these regions would be much lower. However, there is work to be done, as some countries in the region still have infrastructure problems, such as Internet connectivity and availability, which directly impact access to online and distance learning. In this piece about Pacific leaders in ODL, I noticed that despite the fact that many leaders have or have had a formal professional base at their institutions, many have worked across different nations and in collaboration with several national and international organisations. Also, initially, ODL leaders were predominantly male, but it did not take long for their female counterparts to join in and be recognised. Encouraged by this journal's editorial board, I made sure that the ODL female leaders are well represented in this piece. This manuscript is divided in three sections; Australia, New Zealand and some small islands of the Pacific region. This is by no means an exhaustive list of ODL leaders in the region, but one that recognises the contributions of earlier theorists and some more current researchers and practitioners. Finally, it is also important to highlight that the large majority of the leaders recognised here are renowned academics, researchers, practitioners and leaders due to their success, leadership and contributions to ODL. Therefore, most of them have published extensively, been invited to present at conferences and other national and international events, and have worked as consultants for key ODL organisations and their partners, some during the course of their employment and/or after retiring. Their career and academic successes are very important, but here I would like to focus on some of their key contributions to ODL in the Pacific region.
Possible Relevance between Evolution of Human Bones and Behaviors

Throughout the course of human evolutionary history, a distinct species diverged from early primate ancestors, which belongs to the apes clade. Humans have undergone remarkable morphological transformations that enabled them to successfully adapt to their surroundings, resulting in enhanced fitness and positioning them as the predominant species on Earth. This research centers on the progression of human evolution by presenting diverse sections of the evolutionary progression: spanning from quadrupedalism to bipedalism, from basic behaviors to advanced capabilities, and the corresponding adaptations that accompanied these behavioral shifts. Considering the synthesizing insights from various perspectives, the evolution of humans appears an exceptionally fortunate phenomenon. The primary purpose of this paper is establishing a focal point for future investigations on human evolution. Nevertheless, fractional and scattered fossil records and interpretation of behavior are the two major difficulties when studying human evolution. Many transitional forms of bones, for example, may never be fossilized, and those that have been preserved are often found in small, isolated fragments, making it challenging to reconstruct the complete story of human evolutionary history. Moreover, behavior does not fossilize, so researchers must rely on indirect evidence such as tool use, symbolic artifacts, and morphological features to study the human evolution of behaviors.
A Comparative Study between Mono Antiepileptic Therapy and Poly Antiepileptic Therapy regarding Quality of Life in Adolescents with Epilepsy

Background: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder in adolescents, often associated with anxiety and depression, significantly impacting their quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to assess the QoL of adolescents with epilepsy receiving monotherapy or polytherapy and determine the influencing factors on their health related QoL. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study included adolescent patients with epilepsy, aged 10-18 and with an average IQ of 90-110, from Benha University Hospital and Benha Children Hospital. Patients were divided into two groups: Group I (n = 50): Adolescents with epilepsy receiving mono antiepileptic therapy and Group II (n = 50): Adolescents with epilepsy receiving poly antiepileptic therapy. Results : The monotherapy group exhibited significantly lower generalized seizures and fit frequency compared to the polytherapy group. However, QoL domains did not significantly differ between the two groups. In both groups, age, weight, and height showed negative correlations with QoL scores. Conclusion: No significant differences in quality of life and social well-being between adolescents with epilepsy receiving mono antiepileptic therapy and those receiving poly antiepileptic therapy. Both treatment groups had comparable scores in the KIDSCREEN-27 domains.
MODERN BEHAVIOUR AT KLASIES RIVER

Klasies River produced a body of data that has received much attention in debates on modern behaviour. The different interpretations of the cultural material mirror the way thinking on modern behaviour has developed over the past three decades. The archaeological traits associated with the Upper Palaeolithic were previously considered the standard for inferring modern behaviour. Much older well-dated and well-provenanced artefacts from Africa that are modern by Upper Palaeolithic standards necessitated re-evaluation of this model. Current theoretical developments on modern behaviour aim to link archaeology to symbolic lifeways. Art and ornamentation, together with arbitrary conventions persisting over time and space have been identified as suitable symbolic criteria to infer modern behaviour. Here I discuss why the cultural expressions at Klasies River reflect flexible conventionalized thinking for which the biological substrate may have developed in the Middle Pleistocene.
Inertia effect and load sharing capability of grid forming converters connected to a transmission grid

The virtual synchronous machine concept (VSM) has been developed initially to reproduce the synchronous machine stabilizing effect by providing inertia with the emulation of swing equation, whereas droop control is developed initially to ensure load sharing and has no inertia. An introduction of a low pass filter to droop control has been motivated to filter the active power measurement and ensures a time decoupling with the inner control loops, whereas, this low-pass filter can also provide inertia to the system. This functionality is limited due to its negative impact on the active power dynamic. This paper proposes an analysis of the conventional droop control by showing its limitations and proposes an improved inertial droop control that allows providing the inertia to the system and ensures a good dynamic behavior of the active power at once in simple manner, and without modifying the load sharing capability. The results obtained are compared to the conventional method (Droop control and VSM) in various topologies in order to show the relevance of the proposed method.
Desarrollo de una herramienta virtual para la determinaciÛn de la confianza

Trust is fundamental in relationships established everyday between people and organizations, and is a determining factor in the results and long-term relationships. The objective of this research is to develop a virtual educational tool, through which participants trust can be determined in settings and situations of everyday life, by making investments. For this, a literature review of the concept of trust and existing games focused on teaching, strengthen or measure the concept was performed, then the trust game proposed by Joyce Berg in 1995 and the extended trust game proposed in Universidad Nacional de Colombia and through simulation and investment scenarios, the proposed virtual game was developed in Adobe Flash CS6 Software. As a result of the research, a virtual tool was developed and a pilot testwere done with six people from Facultad de Minas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, MedellIn, during the 2014, and a preliminary analysis of the data were obtained and analyzed, verifying that the tool designed effectively can be applied in different environments, to determine trust in specific scenarios of everyday life.
Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach

Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.
Over-the-Counter Bronchodilators Use Among Asthmatic Patients in Al-Medina Al-Monawwara

Asthma is a prevalent chronic disease that affects a significant number of individuals worldwide. Proper diagnosis and assessment of asthma patients are crucial before determining the appropriate inhaler for them. Many asthmatic patients self-medicate with over-the-counter (OTC) inhaled and orally taken bronchodilators, leading to overuse and serious adverse effects. This study aims to identify the extent of OTC bronchodilator usage in the Al-Medina Al-Monawwara region. and urge health authorities to address the issue and prevent potential side effects arising from the overuse of bronchodilators. This cross-sectional observational study was conducted among individuals with asthma residing in the Al-Medina Al-Monawwara region of Saudi Arabia. The study encompassed multiple hospitals. It was carried out between September 2021 and February 2023, utilizing a convenience sampling method. A total of 419 participants were included in the study; the majority of them, 362 (86.4%), reported being prescribed asthma inhalers at least once in their lives, while 57 (13.6%) always used asthma inhalers without a prescription. However, most of our participants reported having a prescription for their short-acting bronchodilators, with 46.3% always obtaining them with a prescription and the remaining obtaining them over the counter. The current study indicates that the use of OTC Bronchodilators increases the risk of significant ER visits; this observation is quite concerning as the increasing use of short-acting beta-agonists (SABA) might indicate less asthma control and more SABA overuse; further research is needed to address the issue of short-acting bronchodilators overuse.
Hot Spring Gas Geochemistry in Western Sichuan Province, China After the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 Earthquake

The chemical components, He, Ne, and C isotropic ratios of gas samples collected thrice from 32 hot springs in western Sichuan Province, southwestern China in June and October 2008 and June 2009 were investigated in order to discuss the relationship between hot spring gas geochemistry and the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake. The data showed that the 3^He/4^He and δ^(13)C_(CO2) values in spring gases in the Longmenshan fault (LMSF), Xianshuihe fault (XSHF), and Minjiang fault (MJF) zones increased obviously after the great earthquake. It was estimated that up to 62% of mantle helium contributed to the spring gas in the Kangding region based on the maximum 3He/4He (7.42×10^(-6)) in June 2008. Over time the mantle derived fluid contribution to the hot springs gradually decreased, but the crustal gas components: CO_2 and CH_4 derived from organic matter and radiogenic He increased. The gas geochemical data suggested that more mantle fluids migrated into the crust in western Sichuan Province after the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake.
Comparison of Risk of Stroke in Patients With and Without Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Individuals with depression face an elevated stroke risk, marked by an unfavorable prognosis. This meta-analysis aims to determine the impact of depression on stroke risk. The current meta-analysis was conducted using the guidelines established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We selected studies through a systematic review of electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL from January 2011 to January 2023. Google Scholar was utilized to identify supplementary studies. Furthermore, we scrutinized citation lists of reported articles for additional potential studies. Only English-language articles were included in the review. A total of 15 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sample size was 744,179. Sample size of the included studies ranged from 560 to 487,377. The pooled estimate of 15 studies showed that the risk of stroke was 1.47 times higher in individuals with depression compared to the individuals without depression, and the difference is statistically significant (RR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.30 to 1.66, p-value<0.001). Age and hypertension emerged as significant predictors of stroke risk in depressed individuals identified through meta-regression. These findings underscore the importance of targeted preventive strategies for depression-related stroke risk, especially considering age-specific considerations and associated factors.
Study on Temporal and Spatial Variations of Regional Continual High Temperature Event in China

Affected by global climate changes and human activities,regional continual high temperature event(RCHTE) shows new trends,such as increasing intensity,higher frequency and larger range.RCHTE is one of the most serious disasters in China which does great harm to production and living conditions of human beings.It is very necessary to carry out RCHTE study synthetically and identify its temporal and spatial characteristics in China.In this paper,642 meteorological station data of China from 1961 to 2010 were used to calculate air temperature.Intensity,area and duration of temperature were adopted to identify RCHTE.Then single index and integrated index were established to show characteristics of RCHTE.Besides,typical RCHTE case was chosen to analyze and test the methodology of RCHTE identification.Test result showed that RCHTE identify method coupled with single and integrated index can identify RCHTE correctly and effectively.On the base of the method,temporal and spatial characteristics of RCHTE in China from 1961 to 2010 are analyzed and results show that: there are 291 times RCHTE occurred in the past 50 years,including extreme RCHTE 31 times,severe RCHTE 59 times,moderate RCHTE 113 times and weak RCHTE 88 times.Distribution of RCHTE in China show obvious spatial characteristic.Moreover,spatial distribution of the intensity and frequency of RCHTE shows a good consistency.Regions with higher intensity and frequency of RCHTE mainly lie in Northwest of China(including western Northwest China and western Inner Mongolia) and Southeast China(including southern Huanghuai,Jianghuai,Jianghan,Jiangnan and southern South China) while intensity and frequency of RCHTE in Northeast China and Southwest China are relatively lower.Temporal variations of RCHTE analyses show that RCHTE in China has obvious increasing trends over the past 50 years.The accumulation of intensity,frequency,duration and area indices of RCHTE are relatively higher in 1960s and 1970s,while the indices are lower in 1980s.Since the 1990s,the annual accumulations of each index increase significantly.Especially after 2000,RCHTE increases even more quickly.Trend and mutation test for each index of RCHTE by Mann-Kendall method show that intensity,frequency,area and duration indices of RCHTE all show slightly decreasing trends before the 1990s,but increase significantly after the 1990s with the global warming.Each index of RCHTE has mutation from the late 1990s to the early 21st century and the increase trend of RCHTE is more significant.
Primary Open-angle Glaucoma and Normal Tension Glaucoma Diagnosis: The Role of Macular Thickness Asymmetry

Article information Background: According to reports, the macula provides a number of potential physiological and anatomical benefits for glaucoma detection and management. The Aim of the work: This study aims to determine if spectral domain optical coherence tomography [SD-OCT] measures of macular and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer [RNFL] thickness can reliably differentiate between primary open-angle glaucoma [POAG] and normal-tension glaucoma [NTG]. Patients and Methods: A prospective study enrolled 10 healthy participants, 29 glaucomatous patients: 13 with POAG and 16 with NTG. Diagnosis based on intraocular pressures, visual fields, and optic nerves. The following parameters were measured by SD-OCT B-scans: RNFL thickness [circumpapillary scan] and macular thickness [posterior pole asymmetry scan] in both eyes and then recorded in addition to the calculated inter-eye and intra-eye differences [asymmetry parameters]. Receiver operator characteristic [ROC] analysis was used to determine the optimum cut off value for the studied diagnostic markers [RNFL and macular thickness]. Results: Inferior macular thickness asymmetry [intereye] had the highest discrimination for normal-POAG [AUC=0.838, sensitivity = 61.5% at 80% specificity], followed by inferior RNFL thickness [intereye] asymmetry [AUC=0.808, sensitivity = 61.5% at 80% specificity]. For normal-NTG total macular thickness asymmetry [intereye] had the highest discrimination [AUC=0.756, sensitivity = 68.8 % at 80% specificity], followed by inferior RNFL thickness [intereye] asymmetry [AUC=0.700, sensitivity = 62.5 % at 80% specificity]. Conclusion: For the discriminating of NTG and POAG, the macular parameters function is comparable to the RNFL parameters. The top SD-OCT metrics with the best discriminating skills were intereye Inferior macular thickness asymmetry, the total retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, the intereye inferior retinal nerve fibre thickness, and the inferior macular thickness
L'enzootie de kérato-conjonctivite chez le mouflon méditerranéen (Ovis gmelini musimon x Ovis sp.) du massif du Caroux-Espinouse (Hérault) à l'automne 1993

L'enzootie de keratoconjonctivite qui s'est developpee chez les mouflons mediterraneens, Ovis gmelini musimon x Ovis sp. , du massif du Caroux-Espinouse (Herault) a l'automne 1993 a fait l'objet d'un suivi par observations sur itineraires et par enquete, de son apparition le 14 octobre 1993 jusqu'a son extinction le 27 decembre 1993. Elle s'est propagee sur la quasi-totalite de l'aire de repartition de la population (les sept principales vallees du massif) a la vitesse de 550 m/j au cours des dix premiers jours puis de 179 m/j les jours suivants, et a dure 38 j en moyenne dans les sept vallees (extremes: 27 j- 46 j). Elle a affecte entre 2 et 14% des individus observes, adultes de 4-6 ans a 72% (n = 145), mâles et femelles indistinctement. Les animaux malades n'ont pas modifie radicalement leurs comportements. Sur 37 cas de mortalite de mouflons malades (environ 4% de la population, deux agneaux et 35 adultes), 24 cas etaient des mouflons trouves morts et 13 des mouflons euthanasies du fait de leur tres mauvaise condition. Quatorze cas de mortalite etaient dus a des accidents (chutes ou noyades) et huit a de la predation par chien. Ces observations indiquent un processus de contagiosite globalement de meme type que celui observe sur d'autres populations d'ongules de montagne.
A study of the potential of using worldview-2 of images for the detection of red attack pine tree

Forest disturbances in South China caused by pine wood nematode may result in widespread tree mortality. In order to decrease damage to forest ecosystem and huge loss to national economy, early detection, early diagnosis to individual infected tree is essential to forest management agencies. However field survey is hard to achieve the fine management requirements. Satellite remote sensing technology has the characteristics of landscape of coverage, convenient, and fast in formation acquisition, so it is one of the most important and most effective means of red attack monitoring. The support vector machine(SVM) classification algorithm have been proposed as an alternative for classification of remote sensing data. The study is based on a multispectral Worldview-2(WV-2) scene and uses support vector machine(SVM) methods. We compared the eight bands with three bands of the image based on SVM and came to the conclusion that WorldView-2 are suitable for individual tree identification. Three visible bands spectral data can also discriminate discolored individual tree successfully. In other words, three visible bands of remote sensing can meet the requirements of red attack pine estimation and extraction.
Serials Clerk to Dean: 20 Years with a Head in the Clouds

ABSTRACT I was fortunate to attend the NASIG conference, in my final semester as a library school student, as one of the 1998 student award winners. I was asked to share a bit about my career path from my position then as a serials clerk to my current role as a library dean. In addition to sharing an abbreviated version of that story, I will also describe insights gleaned along the way and some of the most important titles on my leadership bookshelf. I hope these observations are useful to readers considering a leadership role in libraries.