Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ProjecToR : Agile Reconfigurable Data Center Interconnect

This supplementary document describes the scheduling algorithm used in the ProjecToR data-center interconnect system. The algorithm assigns bundles to laser-photodetector edges as they arrive online with the goal of minimizing the bundle/flow completion times over all bundles in the system. It does this while taking advantage of the reconfigurability of the network and establishing edges between laser and photodetector pairs as necessary. We compare the performance of the proposed stable-matching algorithm to the optimal performance of a more powerful hindsight optimal algorithm that is aware of all the bundles arriving in the system and can operate offline. We can show that for any , if the proposed stable-matching algorithm is allowed to run (2 + ) faster than the hindsight optimal algorithm, then it can achieve a total weighted bundle latency that is ( 2 + 1 ) -competitive with the hindsight optimal algorithm. The proof uses a dual-fitting technique, where the objective function is bounded by finding an appropriate feasible solution for the dual problem, to give the bound. We also give an integer linear programming formulation for the problem of maximizing instantaneous throughput. 1 Problem formulation and main result Problem definition: We are given a graph G with 4 sets of vertices: sources S, destinations D, lasers (transmitters) T , and photodetectors (receivers) R. Each laser in T is attached to a particular source in S, and each photodetector in R is attached to a particular destination in D. The edges in the graph E(G) are all directed and go from S to T to R to D. Bundles j from set J arrive online. Say each bundle j arrives at time rj , and is specified by a source destination pair (sj , dj). We say that a bundle j can be transmitted on edge e := (u, v) with u ∈ T, v ∈ R,, if there are edges (sj , u) and (v, dj) in E(G). We denote this by j ∼ e. A bundle also has a weight wj . This weight signifies the relative importance of the bundles. Finally, assume the length of each bundle is given by pj (an integer). Time is discrete, and is indexed by t = 1, 2, . We assume a synchronous model where clocks on all the vertices tick at the same time. At any time t, each active edge e can be used to transmit one unit of bundle j ∼ e released earlier (i.e., rj ≤ t). As a physical constraint, each transmitter or receiver can only be adjacent to only one active edge at a time. A scheduling algorithm, for each time t, picks the set of active edges and the bundles that are transmitted on each active edge. The completion time, cj , of a bundle is the time at which all pj units of the bundle j have been transmitted. The latency (or flow time) of a bundle is the time it stays in the system, i.e., time cj − rj . The objective of the scheduling algorithm is to minimize the weighted sum of latencies over all bundles, i.e. to minimize ∑
Dose-dependent Impacts on the Diagnostic Efficacies of Atherogenic Lipids in Adult Indian Smokers

Background: Smoking is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, with a dose-response correlation between the number of cigarettes smoked and the altered lipid profile. In the context of its high prevalence in India, the atherosclerotic risk in smokers is a major concern. Methodology: A total of 900 healthy male individuals (600 smokers of the age range of 25-35 years and 300 age and sex matched non-smoking controls) were recruited and screened for circulating lipids, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(TC/HDL), and the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP = log Triglycerides/HDL). Results: The TC/HDL ratio, AIP and all the lipids were found to be increased significantly in the study group smokers as compared to their values in the non-smoking controls (p<0.001). HDL was found to be significantly decreased (p<0.001). The same was true when the group 2 heavy smokers were compared with the healthy, non-smoking controls (p<0.001). When comparisons were made between the control group and the group1 light smokers, all the variables were found to be increased, except HDL, but the difference was significant only for the TC/HDL ratio (p< 0.001), with a significant decrease in HDL (p<0.001). Rather than the lipid profile, the TC/HDL ratio and AIP showed higher efficiency in indicating the atherogenic lipid abnormalities which were associated with smoking. Conclusions: To conclude, smoking is positively related to lipid abnormalities. The TC/HDL ratio has the best discriminatory power to indicate the atherogenic lipid abnormalities and thereby, the future atherogenic risk which is associated with smoking.
Hardness of Approximating the Closest Vector Problem with Pre-Processing (Extended Abstract)

We show that, unless NP⊆DTIME(2 poly log(n) ), the clos- est vector problem with pre-processing, forp norm for any p ≥ 1, is hard to approximate within a factor of (log n) 1/p−� for any �> 0. This improves the previous best factor of 3 1/p − � due to Regev (19). Our results also im- ply that under the same complexity assumption, the nearest codeword problem with pre-processing is hard to approxi- mate within a factor of (log n) 1−� for any �> 0.
Constraints on conservation tillage under dryland and irrigated agriculture in the United States Pacific Northwest

The Pacific Northwest (PNW) supports significant areas of both irrigated and rainfed agriculture. This bimodality is also impacted by the diversity of crop and animal agriculture it supports. Drilled grain and pulse crops, row crops, vegetable and horticultural crops, grass sod, and perennial alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) hay are among the choices that can appear in a farm's cropping system. Developing soil management practices and tillage systems to accommodate such diversity has been a challenge to soil conservationists. To date most research published from the region has concentrated on small grain production in the dryland areas. Another smaller body of literature has dealt with conservation tillage of irrigated field crops. The potential for development of conservation tillage in the PNW derives from the region-wide severity of erosion in both dryland and irrigated agriculture. Residue management has been the essential element of the tillage systems in both cases. Although preserving crop residues at the soil surface is a key strategy, conservation tillage in the PNW has embraced other practices as well. Furthermore, greater recognition of the extent and severity of erosion under irrigated conditions is warranted, and research on erosion and conservation tillage for irrigated systems should be a high priority.
Unraveling the complexity of land use and travel behavior relationships : a four-part quantitative case study of the South Bay area of Los Angeles

Characteristics of the built environment, such as the mixture of land uses, transportation infrastructure, and neighborhood design, have often been associated with reduced automobile use and increased walking and transit use. However, a significant gap remains in our understanding of travel behavior, especially with respect with social environmental and attitudinal factors influencing travel, such as crime rates and the perceptions of walking. This dissertation, comprised of four empirical essays, explores the complex relationships between the built and social environment and neighborhood travel by focusing on non-work travel for individuals sampled from eight communities in the South Bay Area of Los Angeles County. In the first essay, I examine claims made by proponents of New Urbanism that traditional neighborhood designs promote walking and discourage driving by comparing automobile and walking trip rates for mixed-use centers and auto-oriented corridors. The results showed no discernible differences in individual driving trips between these two types of neighborhoods while more walking trips were reported in mixed-use centers. Therefore, the results both support and challenge New Urbanist claims. The second essay examines the interactions between race/ethnicity, demographic change, and travel behavior by comparing driving and walking trips across racial and ethnic groups. The results showed that African-Americans took fewer driving trips and Asians walked less compared to non-Hispanic whites, and that Hispanics who walk are more sensitive to demographic changes in their neighborhood than other groups. The third essay focuses on crime and perceptions of safety and how they impact walking behavior. After taking sociodemographic and built environment factors into account, violent crime rates had a strong deterrent effect on walking across race, income, and gender groups, while perceptions of neighborhood safety varied. In the fourth essay, I focus on whether the built environment encourages walking above and beyond individualsâ€™ attitudes toward walking. By comparing individuals with positive attitudes toward walking with those with neutral or negative attitudes, the results showed that individuals with positive attitudes were more responsive to built environment characteristics than those held negative attitudes. These findings suggest differences in walking behavior are more strongly shaped by personal attitudes than the built environment.
Methodologies Used in Studies of Self-Management Interventions for Urinary Incontinence in Adult Women: An Integrative Review

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) affects approximately 60% of women in the United States and negatively impacts self-esteem, sexual function, participation in social activities, and quality of life (QOL). Self-management interventions show promise for improving UI symptoms and QOL. Previous reviews of UI self-management studies have focused on outcomes for older women. However, the literature lacks a synthesis of methodologies of these studies. Purpose: The purpose of this integrative review was to synthesize and evaluate methodologies used in studies of self-management interventions for UI in adult women. Methods: Using an integrative review approach, a search of PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase was conducted yielding 1404 results, 23 of which met inclusion criteria. Data abstracted from each article included author(s), year of publication, study design and purpose, sample, country and setting, measures of UI symptoms, and intervention description. Results: Findings showed methodological differences, particularly in design, assessment of UI subtypes, measures of UI symptoms, and intervention components. Multicomponent self-management interventions were used in 18 studies and 1 component used in 5 studies. Education, pelvic floor muscle exercises, and bladder training were the intervention components most frequently used, either alone or in combination; however, intervention components were not consistently aligned with the UI subtypes. Analysis of ethical matters revealed areas for improvement, specifically in reporting privacy and confidentiality and in methods to obtain informed consent. Conclusions: Results highlight opportunities to improve the rigor of methodologies used in studies of self-management interventions for UI in adult women.
Assessing cognitive function in longitudinal studies of ageing worldwide: some practical considerations

Abstract Over 55 million people live with dementia worldwide. With 40% of modifiable risk factors estimated to contribute to dementia, the potential for prevention is high, and preventive measures, at an early stage of cognitive decline, are likely to positively influence future dementia trends. Countries need reliable health data and adequate measurement tools to quantify, monitor and track early changes in cognitive capacity in the general population. Many cognitive tests exist; however, there is no consensus to date about which instruments should be employed, and important variations in measurement have been observed. In this narrative review, we present a number of cognitive tests that have been used in nationally representative population-based longitudinal studies of ageing. Longitudinal panel studies of ageing represent critical platforms towards capturing the process of cognitive ageing and understanding associated risk and protective factors. We highlight optimal measures for use at a population level and for cross-country comparisons, taking into consideration instrument reliability, validity, duration, ease of administration, costs, literacy and numeracy requirements, adaptability to sensory and fine motor impairments and portability to different cultural and linguistic milieux. Drawing upon the strengths and limitations of each of these tests, and the experience gained and lessons learnt from conducting a nationally representative study of ageing, we indicate a comprehensive battery of tests for the assessment of cognitive capacity, designed to facilitate its standardised operationalisation worldwide.
Research Recommendations for Selected IARC-Classified Agents: Impact and Lessons Learned

Background: The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs program assembles expert working groups who publish a critical review and evaluation of data on agents of interest. These comprehensive reviews provide a unique opportunity to identify research needs to address classification uncertainties. A multidisciplinary expert review and workshop held in 2009 identified research gaps and needs for 20 priority occupational chemicals, metals, dusts, and physical agents, with the goal of stimulating advances in epidemiological studies of cancer and carcinogen mechanisms. Overarching issues were also described. Objectives: In this commentary we review the current status of the evidence for the 20 priority agents identified in 2009. We examine whether identified Research Recommendations for each agent were addressed and their potential impact on resolving classification uncertainties. Methods: We reviewed the IARC classifications of each of the 20 priority agents and identified major new epidemiological and human mechanistic studies published since the last evaluation. Information sources were either the published Monograph for agents that have been reevaluated or, for agents not yet reevaluated, Advisory Group reports and literature searches. Findings are described in view of recent methodological developments in Monographs evidence evaluation processes. Discussion: The majority of the 20 priority agents were reevaluated by IARC since 2009. The overall carcinogen classifications of 9 agents advanced, and new cancer sites with either “sufficient” or “limited” evidence of carcinogenicity were also identified for 9 agents. Examination of published findings revealed whether evidence gaps and Research Recommendations have been addressed and highlighted remaining uncertainties. During the past decade, new research addressed a range of the 2009 recommendations and supported updated classifications for priority agents. This supports future efforts to systematically apply findings of Monograph reviews to identify research gaps and priorities relevant to evaluation criteria established in the updated IARC Monograph Preamble. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12547
Psychodynamic practice in psychiatry

Objective The aim is to identify and illustrate the place of psychodynamic practice and the therapeutic relationship in psychiatry, including consideration of the need for psychodynamic formulation and longer-term psychotherapies, in the context of debate over guidelines for depression management. Conclusions Effective psychiatric practice requires a working understanding of psychodynamic principles. Effective management planning is underpinned by psychodynamic formulation. A full range of therapeutic options need to be available for optimal care.
A practical perspective on how to develop, implement, execute, and reproduce high‐resolution respirometry experiments: The physiologist's guide to an Oroboros O2k

The development of high‐resolution respirometry (HRR) has greatly expanded the analytical scope to study mitochondrial respiratory control relative to specific tissue/cell types across various metabolic states. Specifically, the Oroboros Oxygraph 2000 (O2k) is a common tool for measuring rates of mitochondrial respiration and is the focus of this perspective. The O2k platform is amenable for answering numerous bioenergetic questions. However, inherent variability with HRR‐derived data, both within and amongst users, can impede progress in bioenergetics research. Therefore, we advocate for several vital considerations when planning and conducting O2k experiments to ultimately enhance transparency and reproducibility across laboratories. In this perspective, we offer guidance for best practices of mitochondrial preparation, protocol selection, and measures to increase reproducibility. The goal of this perspective is to propagate the use of the O2k, enhance reliability and validity for both new and experienced O2k users, and provide a reference for peer reviewers.
UVRAG cooperates with cargo receptors to assemble the ER‐phagy site

ER‐phagy is a selective autophagy process that targets specific regions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for removal via lysosomal degradation. During cellular stress induced by starvation, cargo receptors concentrate at distinct ER‐phagy sites (ERPHS) to recruit core autophagy proteins and initiate ER‐phagy. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for ERPHS formation remains unclear. In our study, we discovered that the autophagy regulator UV radiation Resistance‐Associated Gene (UVRAG) plays a crucial role in orchestrating the assembly of ERPHS. Upon starvation, UVRAG localizes to ERPHS and interacts with specific ER‐phagy cargo receptors, such as FAM134B, ATL3, and RTN3L. UVRAG regulates the oligomerization of cargo receptors and facilitates the recruitment of Atg8 family proteins. Consequently, UVRAG promotes efficient ERPHS assembly and turnover of both ER sheets and tubules. Importantly, UVRAG‐mediated ER‐phagy contributes to the clearance of pathogenic proinsulin aggregates. Remarkably, the involvement of UVRAG in ER‐phagy initiation is independent of its canonical function as a subunit of class III phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase complex II.
The Comfortableness of the Light/Thermal Environment for Bathing in the Forest Atmosphere

In order to make the space design of a comfortable bathing in the forest atmosphere (BIFA), it is important to investigate the effect to a human body first and then the characters of many physical factors constituting the forest space. In this paper we research and analyze physical factors constituting the elements of BIFA, especially light intensity and thermal effect. To make clear the effect of BIFA, this experiment was done in the forest [Seiwa Residents' Woodland] and the city [Chiba City] respectively at the same time. The subjects of this experiment are twelve, and the results were recorded by rating to some evaluation scales, and data are compared from the viewpoint of comfortableness. From this result, we can clearly notice psychological and physiological effects at the case of forest. In the mountainside of a village in summer under the fine sky, the values of the light intensity were subjectively seemed to be the same as in the city though the real intensity was 1/22 of the city. Moreover, at the case of thermal effect, we surely understand that it is cooler and more comfortable in the forest than in the city from the resulting data through the whole day.
3′UTR of ALV-J can affect viral replication through promoting transcription and mRNA nuclear export

ABSTRACT 3′ Untranslated regions (3′UTRs) play a crucial role in gene transcription and post-transcriptional regulation. During the past 30 years, subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) had accumulated large-scale mutations in 3′UTRs of their proviral genome. In this study, we summarize five kinds of mutant 3′UTRs in ALV-J and analyzed their potential functions. Results indicated that ALV-J strains containing different 3′UTRs showed different replication ability, while this divergence is tissue preferential, especially in chicken embryonic liver cells and chicken endothelial cells. All 3′UTRs can assist intron-containing viral mRNA nuclear export, with no salient differences among the five forms. The half-life of ALV-J mRNA is not influenced by different 3′UTRs. However, 3′UTRs can drastically boost mRNA transcription in a cell-specific manner. These different 3′UTRs can promote foreign genes expression. Our results provide novel insight into the pathogenicity and life cycle of ALV-J. IMPORTANCE 3′UTRs can affect gene transcription and post-transcriptional regulation in multiple ways, further influencing the function of proteins in a unique manner. Recently, ALV-J has been mutating and evolving rapidly, especially the 3′UTR of viral genome. Meanwhile, clinical symptoms caused by ALV-J have changed significantly. In this study, we found that the ALV-J strains containing △-r-TM-type 3′UTR are the most abundant. By constructing ALV-J infectious clones and subgenomic vectors containing different 3′UTRs, we prove that 3′UTRs directly affect viral tissue preference and can promote virus replication as an enhancer. ALV-J strain containing 3′UTR of △-r-TM proliferated fastest in primary cells. All five forms of 3′UTRs can assist intron-containing viral mRNA nuclear export, with similar efficiency. ALV-J mRNA half-life is not influenced by different 3′UTRs. Our results dissect the roles of 3′UTR on regulating viral replication and pathogenicity, providing novel insights into potential anti-viral strategies. 3′UTRs can affect gene transcription and post-transcriptional regulation in multiple ways, further influencing the function of proteins in a unique manner. Recently, ALV-J has been mutating and evolving rapidly, especially the 3′UTR of viral genome. Meanwhile, clinical symptoms caused by ALV-J have changed significantly. In this study, we found that the ALV-J strains containing △-r-TM-type 3′UTR are the most abundant. By constructing ALV-J infectious clones and subgenomic vectors containing different 3′UTRs, we prove that 3′UTRs directly affect viral tissue preference and can promote virus replication as an enhancer. ALV-J strain containing 3′UTR of △-r-TM proliferated fastest in primary cells. All five forms of 3′UTRs can assist intron-containing viral mRNA nuclear export, with similar efficiency. ALV-J mRNA half-life is not influenced by different 3′UTRs. Our results dissect the roles of 3′UTR on regulating viral replication and pathogenicity, providing novel insights into potential anti-viral strategies.
Recombinant adeno‐associated virus production evaluation in Chinese hamster ovary cells

The gene therapy field has advanced in recent years with five recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) based products winning Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. As the number of therapeutic applications and overall production demands for rAAV increase, it is valuable to evaluate rAAV production in different production cells. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been a robust host for biomolecule manufacturing for more than 35 years. However, there is no report to our knowledge describing the use of CHO cells for rAAV production. In this study, we examined the ability of CHO cells to produce rAAV using a transient plasmid transfection approach. Our results demonstrated that CHO is capable of producing rAAV with detectable viral fundamental components including viral RNAs, proteins, and rAAV viral particles. We identified the expression of cap proteins as one of the limiting factors for rAAV production in CHO cells. We therefore added an additional cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐Cap plasmid to the CHO transfection. After increasing cap protein expression, we detected rAAV titers as high as 3 × 108 viral genomes for every 2 × 109 capsids in CHO cells using a quintuple transfection method (standard AAV2 Rep/Cap, helper, gene of interest plasmids, plus CMV‐E1, and CMV‐Cap plasmids) with comparable full particle percent (average 15%) to that of human embryo kidney (HEK)‐derived rAAV. Our study provides a foundation for potential rAAV production in CHO cells.