Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
3d Ising Spin-Glasses in a Magnetic Field and Mean-Field Theory.

We present the results of extensive computer simulations of 3d Ising spin-glasses in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. We compute the internal energy, the magnetization, the spin-spin overlap probability distribution P(q), the link-link overlap probability distribution Pe(qe) and the spin-glass susceptibility χSG for different volumes and temperatures. All of our results are compatible with mean-field behaviour. We find that P(q) and Pe(qe) are nontrivial and non-self-averaging and χSG shows an increase with the linear size L of the system as χSG ~ Lω. Our estimate is ω = 1.80 ± 0.25 at T = 0.83. We also find evidence in favour of ultrametricity. In another set of simulations we study the copy overlap Q(e) as a function of the coupling between copies e. Q(e) becomes steeper around e ~ 0 as L increases, in agreement with the previous set of simulations.
Finite-difference approach to the solution of time-domain integral equations for layered structures

A numerical algorithm for the analysis of transient electromagnetic fields in planar structures is proposed based on the time-domain magnetic-field integral equation (MFIE), electric-field integral equation (EFIE), and the marching-on-in-time approach. The field vectors are represented in terms of vector potential functions which are calculated either by integration or by the three-dimensional (3-D) wave equation according to the geometry of the structure. Thus, the algorithm combines the advantages of integral equation techniques and finite-difference schemes. While this approach is applicable to any geometries, it is especially suitable for multilayered planar structures and is competitive to the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method in the case of open and radiating problems. Theoretical results are verified by the analysis of a pulse propagation in a homogeneous open-end microstrip line.
Bounds on differences between some graph theoretic invariants

In the present paper, we are interested in bounding differences between graph invariants as well as in characterizing the corresponding extremal graphs. This kind of results belongs to the more general form known as AGX Form 1 which is extensively studied using the AutoGraphiX system at GERAD, Montreal. The graph invariants involved in the present work are the proximity, the remoteness, the eccentricity, the average distance, the frequencies of the maximum and minimum degrees, the domination number, the stability number and the chromatic number.
Facilitating Electrochemical Lateral Flow Assay using NFC-Enabled Potentiostat and Nitrocellulose-based Metal Electrodes

Rapid detection of pathogens at the point-of-need is crucial for preventing the spread of human, animal and plant diseases which can have devastating consequences both on the lives and livelihood of billions of people. Colorimetric, lateral flow assays consisting of a nitrocellulose membrane, are the preferred format today for low-cost on-site detection of pathogens. This assay format has, however, historically suffered from poor analytical performance and is not compatible with digital technologies. In this work, we report the development of a new class of digital diagnostics platform for precision point-of-need testing. This new versatile platform consists of two important innovations: i) A wireless and batteryless, microcontroller-based, low-cost Near Field Communication (NFC)-enabled potentiostat that brings high performance electroanalytical techniques (cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, square wave voltammetry) to the field. The NFC-potentiostat can be operated with a mobile app by minimally trained users; ii) A new approach for producing nitrocellulose membranes with integrated electrodes that facilitate high performance electrochemical detection at the point-of-need. We produced an integrated system housed in a 3D-printed phone case and demonstrated its used for the detection of Maize Mosaic Virus (MMV), a plant pathogen, as a proof-of-concept application.
Cyclone: an accessible pipeline to analyze, evaluate, and optimize multiparametric cytometry data

In the past decade, high-dimensional single-cell technologies have revolutionized basic and translational immunology research and are now a key element of the toolbox used by scientists to study the immune system. However, analysis of the data generated by these approaches often requires clustering algorithms and dimensionality reduction representation, which are computationally intense and difficult to evaluate and optimize. Here, we present Cytometry Clustering Optimization and Evaluation (Cyclone), an analysis pipeline integrating dimensionality reduction, clustering, evaluation, and optimization of clustering resolution, and downstream visualization tools facilitating the analysis of a wide range of cytometry data. We benchmarked and validated Cyclone on mass cytometry (CyTOF), full-spectrum fluorescence-based cytometry, and multiplexed immunofluorescence (IF) in a variety of biological contexts, including infectious diseases and cancer. In each instance, Cyclone not only recapitulates gold standard immune cell identification but also enables the unsupervised identification of lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocyte subsets that are associated with distinct biological features. Altogether, the Cyclone pipeline is a versatile and accessible pipeline for performing, optimizing, and evaluating clustering on a variety of cytometry datasets, which will further power immunology research and provide a scaffold for biological discovery.
BE3 is the major branching enzyme isoform required for amylopectin synthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Starch-branching enzymes (BEs) are essential for starch synthesis in both plants and algae where they influence the architecture and physical properties of starch granules. Within Embryophytes, BEs are classified as type 1 and type 2 depending on their substrate preference. In this article, we report the characterization of the three BE isoforms encoded in the genome of the starch producing green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: two type 2 BEs (BE2 and BE3) and a single type 1 BE (BE1). Using single mutant strains, we analyzed the consequences of the lack of each isoform on both transitory and storage starches. The transferred glucan substrate and the chain length specificities of each isoform were also determined. We show that only BE2 and BE3 isoforms are involved in starch synthesis and that, although both isoforms possess similar enzymatic properties, BE3 is critical for both transitory and storage starch metabolism. Finally, we propose putative explanations for the strong phenotype differences evidenced between the C. reinhardtii be2 and be3 mutants, including functional redundancy, enzymatic regulation or alterations in the composition of multimeric enzyme complexes.
Applications of butyric acid in poultry production: the dynamics of gut health, performance, nutrient utilization, egg quality, and osteoporosis

Abstract Due to the increasing demand for antibiotic-free livestock products from the consumer side and the ban on the use of antibiotic growth promoters, the poultry feed industry is increasingly interested in developing more alternatives to cope with this problem. Organic acids (butyric acid) have many beneficial effects on poultry health, performance, and egg quality when used in their diet, thus they can be considered for the replacement of antibiotics in livestock production systems. Butyric acid is most efficacious against pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli, and stimulates the population of beneficial gut bacteria. It is a primary energy source for colonocytes and augments the differentiation and maturation of the intestinal cells. Collectively, butyric acid should be considered as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters, because it reduces pathogenic bacteria and their toxins, enhancing gut health thereby increasing nutrient digestibility, thus leading to improved growth performance and immunity among birds. The possible pathways and mechanisms through which butyric acid enhances gut health and production performance are discussed in this review. Detailed information about the use of butyric acid in poultry and its possible benefits under different conditions are also provided, and the impacts of butyric acid on egg quality and osteoporosis are noted.
An effective anisotropy parameter in transversely isotropic media

An interesting physical meaning is presented for the anisotropy parameter δ, previously introduced by Thomsen to describe weak anisotropy in transversely isotropic media. Roughly, δ is the difference between the P-wave and SV-wave anisotropies of the medium. The observed systematic depth errors in the North Sea are reexamined in view of the new interpretation of the moveout velocity through δ. The changes in δ at an interface adequately describe the effects of transverse isotropy on the P-wave reflection amplitude, The reflection coefficient expression is linearized in terms of changes in elastic parameters. The linearized expression clearly shows that it is the variation of δ at the interface that gives the anisotropic effects at small incidence angles. Thus, δ effectively describes both the moveout velocity and the reflection amplitude variation, two very important pieces of information in reflection seismic prospecting, in the presence of transverse isotropy.
Resituating the Relevance of Alternatives for Causal Attributions 1

: Phillips et al. (2015) provide what looks like compelling evidence in favor of explaining the impact of broadly moral evaluations on causal attributions in terms of the relevance of alternative possibilities. As part of a series of manipulation studies, they found that asking participants to describe what an agent could have done differently in a neutral case (a case in which information about broadly moral considerations was removed) showed a similar effect on causal attributions to varying the morality of the agent’s action. Phillips and colleagues take this to show that broadly moral evaluations impact the alternative possibilities people see as relevant, which in turn impact their attributions. This study leaves open the possibility that the manipulation impacts people’s broadly moral evaluations which in turn impact their attributions, however, rather than directly impacting their attributions. But this alternative model conflicts with Phillips et al.’s account, while being compatible with competing explanations. These two models are tested using the same manipulation method. The results support the alternative model, indicating that the mechanism proposed by Phillips et al. cannot be presumed. Broadly moral considerations have been repeatedly shown to have a notable impact on causal attributions. 2 Perhaps the most discussed example is the Pen Case from Knobe and Fraser (2008
Searching for Stable Massive Particles in the ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker.

The search for new particles is an important topic in modern particle physics. New stable massive particles are predicted by various models, including R-parity conserving variants of supersymmetry. The ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker can be used to look for charged stable massive particles by using the momentum and velocity of particles passing through the detector to calculate its mass. A program named TRTCHAMP has been written to perform this analysis. Recently, ATLAS changed their data retention policies to phase out the use of a particular format of output file created during reconstruction. TRTCHAMP relies on this file type, and therefore this change prevents the algorithm from working in its original state. However, this problem can be resolved by integrating TRTCHAMP into the official reconstruction, which has now been done. This paper documents the changes involved in integrating TRTCHAMP with the existing InDetLowBetaFinder reconstruction package. Topics discussed include the structure of reconstruction algorithms in ATLAS, the retrieval of calibration constants from the detector conditions database, and the parsing of necessary parameters from multiple reconstruction data containers. To conclude, the output of TRTCHAMP is shown to accurately estimate the velocity of protons in minimum bias tracks. Additionally, mass plots generated with the TRTCHAMP results are shown to agree with the known mass for both monte carlo and real protons in minimum bias tracks, and agreement is shown between the input and output masses for a monte carlo sample of 300 GeV R-Hadrons.
Reconfigurable Monopolar Circular Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication Systems

The design of a low profile, monopolar antenna with monopole-like conical radiation patterns is presented. Frequency reconfigurability is achieved by switching ("ON" or "OFF") a pair of shorting pin and two pairs of shorting walls, connected between the ground plane and the top-loading circular patch. A prototype antenna that is able to switch between 3 frequencies; centred at 1.8, 2.1 and 2.4 GHz for wireless communication applications is achieved with an antenna height of less than 0.1 free-space wavelength.
AMDC: de-biasing AMBER visibilities for limiting magnitude sources

The AMBER instrument, the three beams interferometric combiner of the VLTI, occasionally su.ers from a fringing artifact, called "correlated noise", likely induced by electromagnetic radio frequencies present in the lab. We analyze how this noise affects the extracted visibilities, becoming more important for fainter sources. This unwanted effect can cause an overestimate of the instrumental V2 for low flux observations. We have developed a software tool, called "AMBER Detector Cleaner" (AMDC), which successfully removes this artifact and we present here the method on which it is based and some example results. Such software is made available to the community, so that AMBER users can perform optimal data reduction even for faint sources.
Fast matching method between infrared image and optical image

In this paper, we present a high performance, coarse-to-fine scheme for image matching of infrared image and optical image. In order to eliminate the gray level difference and tolerance to distortion and noise existing in practice, this scheme uses the edge feature and combine a new similarity measures with modified Hausdorff distance to achieve the coarse-to-fine matching scheme. Our proposed method firstly extracts the feature points based on the method of Monte Carlo that reduce the computation load for the next matching, and then a new similarity measure is defined for coarse matching. Based on existing method of Monte Carlo evaluation the Huasdorff distance (MCHD), we define Monte Carlo modified Hausdorff distance (MCM-HD) to achieves the fine matching. Experiment are performed on a large test set and the result show that the fast search method diminishes the number of positions for calculate of Hausdorff distance, thus the computational load reduces and it is helpful to use Hausdorff distance in real time image matching. Compare with MCHD algorithm, our proposed method effectively improves the precision and reduces the execution time.
Determining driving resistance with rebound of pile-top during pile driving

This paper presents a method to determine driving resistance with rebound of pile-top during pile driving. The soil around the pile shaft is assumed to be rigid-plastic, while that under the pile-tip is assumed to be ideally elastoplastic. The driving force acting on the pile-top is simplified to a triangular impact force. The kinematic equation of the pile-tip is established. From the one-dimensional wave equation, the movements of the pile-tip and pile-top are determined. The rebound at the pile-top can be written in a very concise form. It is shown that the shaft resistance makes the rebound at the pile-top decrease. In particular, when the pile is very long or the soil around the pile is very stiff, the decrease is very obvious.
Creating ultrahigh intensities using a passive enhancement cavity

A table-top source for coherent extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation is beneficial for spectroscopic techniques requiring photon energies of more than a few electron volts. Other systems which can produce the required photon flux and photon energies are large and have limited beam time such as the Canadian Light Source or a free-electron laser. Conversely, conventional optics (lasers and crystals) cannot produce such high photon energies. An alternative method uses high harmonic generation, a technique that requires high intensities (> 1013W/cm2). The high-order harmonics that are created retain temporal and spatial coherence, yet are now in the ultraviolet and soft X-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The goal of this thesis was to design an optical source and amplifier system that created intensities which surpassed the threshold required for high harmonic generation. The approach used kept the bandwidth narrow and allowed for high EUV photon flux, useful for spectroscopy. Towards this end, a titanium-doped sapphire laser oscillator was designed and built to output > 1W average power, with a peak power > 100kW but limited in bandwidth to 2nm. The methods for obtaining such a high peak power yet in a stable, bandwidth limited case are presented. The laser output was then injected into an enhancement cavity with a high Q factor, increasing the average power by a factor of 50. The peak intensity has reached 4× 1012W/cm2, or to within a factor of 2 of the threshold required to create EUV radiation. Lastly, methods for coupling out the EUV from the enhancement cavity are presented.
LIGHT CURVE VARIATIONS AND H-ALPHA FLARING OF FK COMAE.

Multiband photoelectric observations reveal that the rapidly rotating giant FK Com's light curve is rapidly changing with respect to amplitude, shape, and light minimum phase. Analysis of the light curves indicates that these variations are due to rotational modulation by two large, subluminous regions on the star's surface, which appear to be about 800 + or - 150 K cooler than the star's photosphere. Flaring activity in the H-alpha emission is also noted, but there is no modulation of this emission with the 2.4-day photometric period or with any other period. This behavior is contrasted with the mechanisms suggested in the Walter and Basri (1982) model for the light variations.
Is There An Abstract Wave Function

This paper gives a hypothesis about state and a formulation about quantum system. This formulation has no inside conflict, needn’t any abstract boundary and can connect state with reality. Its calculation consists with orthodox theory (OQM). It is used to explain double slits experiment and Stern-Gerlach experiment. Paper also shows a case, in which, this formulation and OQM give different result.
Ferroelectric Tunnel Junction Based on Asymmetric Barrier–Well–Barrier Structure: The Role of Resonant Tunneling

An innovative resonant ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) based on asymmetric barrier–well–barrier structure is theoretically proposed. It is achieved by metal–ferroelectric–dielectric–dielectric–metal (M-F-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{I}_{{1}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{I}_{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-M) stack, where a low-barrier dielectric <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{I}_{{1}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is inserted to form a quantum well. Physical modeling of self-consistent potential and carrier transport is established to bridge the polarization reversal and resonant tunneling (RT). The resonant FTJ shows improved ON-current and ON/OFF tunneling electroresistance (TER) ratio while maintaining a relatively low depolarization field. Compared with FE -HfO2/SiO2 or FE -HfO2/Ta2O5 bilayer FTJs, the resonant FTJ using FE -HfO2/Ta2O5/HfO2 stack exhibits a larger TER ratio by several orders of magnitude, which can be further enhanced using FE -HfO2/Ta2O5/SiO2 stack. The underlying physics is attributed to the RT, of which contribution to TER effect is qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The resonant band engineering, through enhancing the device asymmetry, including the geometry asymmetry and the material asymmetry, is to shift the resonance peak close to or away from the Fermi energy depending on the polarization direction. This work is useful for FTJ design for large array circuit applications.
The Influence of Emotional Experience on Semantic Processing of Concrete Concepts

Introduction Parallel distributed processing theory (PDP theory) holds that all brain regions involved in conceptual representation perform a series of activities at the same time. However, the role of emotional experience information in concrete conceptual representation is still unknown. This study further explores whether the emotional experience will also affect the semantic processing of concrete concept representations. Methods This study used the emotion priming paradigm and semantic judgment task to explore whether emotion priming impacts the processing of animal concepts with different emotional experiences through two experiments. In Experiments 1a and 1b, pleasant or disgusted faces were used as emotional priming stimuli to explore whether the explicit processing of emotions would affect the semantic processing of animal concepts. Experiments 2a and 2b used positive or negative scenery pictures as emotional priming stimuli to explore whether the implicit processing of emotions would affect the semantic processing of animal concepts. Results The Experiment 1 results showed that the perception of faces promotes the processing of animal words, showing the “word-emotion congruence effect”. Experiment 2a did not show the expected results, while Experiment 2b showed that the general negative perception of scenery pictures could significantly promote the processing of disgusted animal words. The results further proved the “word-emotion congruence effect” shown in the results of Experiment 1 from the perspective of implicit emotion processing. Combining the results of two experiments, it can be proven that emotional experience affects the semantic processing process of concrete concepts. Discussion Both Experiment 1 and Experiment 2b of this study show the “word-emotion congruence effect”. PDP theory believes that conceptual representation is represented by the activity patterns of billions of neurons distributed in many areas of the brain, and related semantic processing and sensory processing will occur simultaneously. The results of this experiment well support PDP theory.
Different Sub-bands Assessment of the Resting-state Prefrontal EEG in Depression Patients

Depression has been the main cause of the global disease burden. Quantitative and accurate diagnosis of depression is urgent in future clinical practice. This study aims to assess the complexity of depression in different frequency bands and the potential of each band in depression recognition. Firstly, the resting-state prefrontal electroencephalogram (PFEEG) signals of 30 depression patients (DP) and 31 healthy controls (HC) were acquired and decomposed into four frequency bands. Then, sample entropy (SEn) and fuzzy entropy (FEn) of each frequency band were calculated and statistically analyzed between DP and HC. Finally, the classification performance of each frequency band in recognizing the two groups was verified. The results illustrated that the complexity of the alpha band in DP showed a significant increasing trend (p<0.01) compared with HC. The best classification performance was achieved in the alpha band using SEn and FEn. Different frequency bands of prefrontal EEG might be a potential and practical biomarker in distinguishing DP and HC.