Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of whole body vibration on bone properties in growing rats

ABSTRACT This study aimed to examine the continuous effects of whole body vibration (WBV) on bone properties, in growing rats. Fifty 5-week-old male rats were divided into control and experimental groups. Each experimental group underwent WBV at 50 Hz (0.5 g, 15 min/day, 5 days/week) for 5 or 10 weeks. Bone size, muscle weight and bone mechanical strength of the right tibia were measured. Trabecular bone microstructure, cortical bone geometry and bone mass of the left tibia were analyzed by micro-CT. Serum levels of bone formation/resorption markers were also measured. In rats that underwent 5-week WBV, tibial cortical bone mineral content and cortical bone area significantly increased (p < 0.05), and tibial cortical bone volume, thickness, maximum load, break point and stiffness tended to be increased (p = 0.05–0.09), compared with control rats. In rats that underwent 10-week WBV, stiffness tended to be increased (p = 0.07), and the serum level of osteocalcin decreased, compared with control rats. These findings suggest that 5-week WBV had beneficial effects on bone properties, and that increased bone mineral content and cortical bone geometry may lead to higher bone mechanical strength. Further studies will be needed to determine the optimal conditions of WBV for improving bone properties in the growth stage.
The association between antibiotics and community-associated Staphylococcus aureus colonization in the United States population: Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization is a seriously opportunistic infection. However, there is a lack of research of relationship between antibiotics and S aureus colonization in the general population. Through a cross-sectional investigation, this study intends to establish the parameters related to S aureus nasal colonization, specifically the function antibiotics play in colonization. The key information from 2001 to 2004 was abstracted from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), including information on general demographics, health care status, antibiotic prescription, diabetes, alcohol consumption, and tobacco smoke exposure. The participants colonized with methicillin-susceptible S aureus (MSSA), or methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) were defined as the case group, and the control group was subjects without positive S aureus colonization. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the variables associated with MSSA and MRSA colonization. The records of 18,607 individuals were included, involving 13,205 cases without S aureus colonization, 5195 cases with MSSA, and 207 cases with MRSA. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the risk of MSSA colonization was significantly reduced with fluoroquinolone use (75% risk reduction, P = .02), sulfonamide use (98% risk reduction, P < .01), tetracycline use (81% risk reduction, P < .01) and antibiotic combination therapy (risk reduction 76%, P < .01). Female, race and total household size were strongly associated with MSSA carriage. On the other hand, regarding MRSA colonization, fluoroquinolone use, long-term care, and former smoker were positively associated with MRSA colonization, while high income was negatively associated with MRSA colonization. More proper use of broad-spectrum antibiotics contributes to reducing MSSA colonization. Former smokers should also practice better personal hygiene to limit the possibility of MRSA colonization.
Identification of a rare missense mutation in GJB1 and prenatal diagnosis in a Chinese family with CMT: A case report

Rationale: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a highly heterogeneous genetic disorder. To date, more than 90 genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of CMT. Here, we report the identification of a rare causative mutation in a Chinese family with CMT and a pregnant patient underwent prenatal diagnosis. Patient concerns: A 33-year-old woman with 21 + 6 weeks of pregnancy presented with progressive weakness of distal extremities after 23 years of age. A total of 8 individuals in 4 generations of her family had similar muscle weakness. On proband whole-exome sequencing (WES), a rare c.121G > A variant in the GJB1 gene was identified. Diagnosis: Based on the clinical and genetic findings, this patient was finally diagnosed with CMT. Interventions: The prenatal diagnosis was performed on the proband fetus. Outcomes: The fetus did not carry this rare variant, and the pregnancy continued. Lessons: Our findings provide the first clinical evidence for the causative role of GJB1 c.121G > A variant in CMT. WES is a valuable method for diagnosing patients with CMT.
Preparing European Nephrology for the next pandemic: lessons from the ERACODA collaboration

ABSTRACT Owing to the vulnerability of patients with chronic kidney disease to infectious diseases, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been particularly devastating for the nephrology community. Unfortunately, the possibility of future COVID-19 waves or outbreaks of other infectious diseases with pandemic potential cannot be ruled out. The nephrology community made tremendous efforts to contain the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite this, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted several shortcomings in our response to the pandemic and has taught us important lessons that can be utilized to improve our preparedness for any future health crises of a similar nature. In this article we draw lessons from the European Renal Association COVID-19 Database (ERACODA) project, a pan-European collaboration initiated in March 2020 to understand the prognosis of COVID-19 in patients on kidney function replacement therapy. We discuss the challenges faced in generating timely and robust evidence for informed management of patients with kidney disease and give recommendations for our preparedness for the next pandemic in Europe. Limited collaboration, the absence of common data architecture and the sub-optimal quality of available data posed challenges in our response to COVID-19. Aligning different research initiatives, strengthening electronic health records, and involving experts in study design and data analysis will be important in our response to the next pandemic. The European Renal Association may take a leading role in aligning research initiatives via its engagement with other scientific societies, national registries, administrators and researchers.
Population dynamics and biorational management of sucking insect vectors on chili (Capsicum annuum L.) in Bangladesh.

To evaluate population fluctuations in relation to weather parameters and biorational management of sucking insect vectors in chili (Capsicum annuum L.), we conducted a study at the experimental field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, in 2020 and 2021. It has been shown in this study that sucking insects (aphids, jassids, whiteflies, and thrips) were active throughout the study period. The highest count of sucking insect vectors (24.67 aphids, 13.72 whitefly, and 56.56 thrips) in March and (14.83 jassid) in April was recorded at average temperatures of 34-36°C and 31°C, respectively. There was a positive correlation between pest abundance and temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall for all insects, with the exception of a negative correlation between whiteflies and temperature and rainfall. The results of linear regression models showed that abiotic factors contribute to pest abundance levels, with 100R2 values of 14.9 (thrips), 46.3 (jassids), 7.1 (whiteflies), and 0.67 (aphids); the results were statistically significant for all models in the case of thrips, jassids, and whiteflies, but not significant in the case of aphids. The most effective treatment was spinosad 45SC, a bacterium-derived pesticide recommended for the control of sucking insect vector complexes in chili. The results from the spinosad-treated plot, in terms of insect counts and corresponding mortality rates, were as follows: aphids (3.68), 68.89%; jassids (3.52), 72.01%; whiteflies (3.00), 66.69%; and thrips (3.40), 69.20%. The results of this study will aid in developing predictive models of different control agents against sucking insect vectors in vegetable crops.
Levitated nanoparticle as a classical two-level atom [Invited]

The center-of-mass motion of a single optically levitated nanoparticle resembles three uncoupled harmonic oscillators. We show how a suitable modulation of the optical trapping potential can give rise to a coupling between two of these oscillators, such that their dynamics are governed by a classical equation of motion that resembles the Schrodinger equation for a two-level system. Based on experimental data, we illustrate the dynamics of this parametrically coupled system both in the frequency and in the time domain. We discuss the limitations and differences of the mechanical analog in comparison to a true quantum-mechanical system.
The distribution of convection velocities in turbulent pipe flow

The structure of fully developed turbulence in a smooth circular tube has been studied for a Reynolds number of 69000 (based on centre-line velocity and radius) and at a distance from the wall of y+ = 70. The data were taken as correlations of the longitudinal component of turbulence in narrow frequency bands, the longitudinal and transverse separations being varied simultaneously. Fourier transformation of these correlations defines power spectral density functions with frequency ω and longitudinal and transverse wavenumbers kx and kz as the independent variables. In this form the data show the distribution of convection velocity among waves of different size and inclination as well as defining the coherence lengths associated with such wave packets. Essential features of a geometrically similar wave description of the turbulence are discussed, such a model allowing considerable simplification in the description of the turbulence both for two-point and three-point space-time correlations of the velocity field. Morrison & Kronauer (1969) predicted that the wave convection velocity should depend only on total wavenumber k in a specific manner related to the mean velocity profile. The experimentally determined convection velocities contradict this prediction. An alternative formulation for convection velocity involving an additional empirical function of frequency S(ω), fits the data for the range of experimentation. Unfortunately the results provide no information on the functional dependence (if any) of convection velocity on distance from the wall.
Global hybrid simulation of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability at the Venus ionopause

[1] The Kelvin–Helmholtz (K-H) instability at the Venus ionopause is investigated using a two-dimensional global hybrid (particle ions, massless fluid electrons) model for the case where the interplanetary field is oriented transverse to the flow. In order to self-consistently study the kinetic processes at the Venus ionopause, we calculate the entire Venus ionopause–solar wind interaction region kinetically, including the ionosphere, ionopause transition layer, magnetosheath, and solar wind regions, by applying boundary-fitted coordinates to the particle-in-cell code. Calculations are done for the unmagnetized ionospheric condition. It is found that the distribution of ionopause surface waves generated by the K-H instability exhibits a clear asymmetry between hemispheres of upward and downward solar wind motional electric fields. In the hemisphere where the motional electric field points away from the ionosphere, our two-dimensional model observes the development of the instability from the subsolar location, where the Venus ionopause has been thought to be stable due to small velocity shear and stabilizing effects such as gravity stabilization. Ionospheric filaments (streamers) are highly elongated in this hemisphere, and perturbations on the scale of the planetary radius are observed at the flank of the ionotail. In the opposite hemisphere, the instability develops only in a limited region between solar zenith angles (SZA) of ∼40° and 90°, and the surface of the ionotail appears rather smooth except for some special cases. The wavelength of the dominant mode is very long (2000–3000 km) in this hemisphere due to the finite Larmor radius (FLR) stabilizing effect. We show that the process operating at the ionopause is not a localized one but is important for the dynamics of the ionosphere and other regions. The asymmetrical momentum transport across the ionopause yields an asymmetrical convection pattern of the ionosphere. Our model also shows the dynamic nature of the interaction. The dynamic ion removal process associated with the K-H instability is found to play a significant role in the ion escape from the planet (O+ removal rate of approximately several times 1025 particles per second).
Histopathological Features of Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism: Presence of Intrathrombus Cancer Cells and Prothrombotic Factors

Background: Cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a critical complication in patients with cancer. However, the pathological findings of VTE are limited. Here, we investigated the histopathological features of cancer-associated VTE in human autopsy cases. Methods: We clinically examined the autopsy cases of VTE with (n=114) and without cancer (n=66) and immunohistochemically analyzed the expression of prothrombotic factors in intrathrombus cancer cells, the thrombus contents of erythrocytes, fibrin, platelets, citrullinated histone H3, and degree of organization. Results: Vascular wall invasion or small cell clusters of cancer cells was observed in thrombi in 27.5% of deep vein thrombosis and 25.9% of pulmonary embolism cases. The majority of the cancer cells in deep vein thrombi appeared to be invading the vessel wall, whereas the majority of pulmonary thrombi had cancer cell clusters, consistent with embolization via blood flow. These cancer cells were immunohistochemically positive for TF (tissue factors) or podoplanin in up to 88% of VTE cases. The frequency of TF-positive monocyte/macrophages in thrombi was higher in cancer-associated VTE than that in VTE without cancer. Citrullinated histone H3 was predominantly observed in the early stages of organizing thrombi. There was no significant difference in thrombus components between VTE with cancer and without cancer groups. Conclusions: Vascular wall invasion or cancer cell clusters in thrombi might influence thrombogenesis of cancer-associated VTE. TF and podoplanin in cancer cells and in monocyte/macrophages may induce coagulation reactions and platelet aggregation. Neutrophil extracellular traps may play a role in the early stages of VTE, regardless of cancer status.
Chaos in the Einstein Yang-Mills equations

Yang-Mills color fields evolve chaotically in an anisotropically expanding universe. The chaotic behavior differs from that found in anisotropic mixmaster universes. The universe nears isotropy at late times, approaching the mean expansion rate of a radiation-dominated universe. However, small chaotic oscillations of the shear and color stresses continue indefinitely. An invariant characterization of the chaos is provided by means of fractal basin boundaries.
Holography and brane–bulk energy exchange

Holography relates the low energy regime of the five-dimensional description of generalized Randall–Sundrum cosmology to a four-dimensional theory. The four-dimensional theory describes observable matter interacting with a hidden (non-conformal) gauge theory. This provides a new arena for implementing the cosmological brane–bulk energy exchange processes studied previously. Unlike the five-dimensional description, there is no big-bang singularity in four dimensions. Some simple solutions are presented in four dimensions. A gauge theory description of observable four-dimensional gravity is also advocated.
Modeling reservoir computing with the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation

We formulate, using the discrete nonlinear Schroedinger equation (DNLS), a general approach to encode and process information based on reservoir computing. Reservoir computing is a promising avenue for realizing neuromorphic computing devices. In such computing systems, training is performed only at the output level, by adjusting the output from the reservoir with respect to a target signal. In our formulation, the reservoir can be an arbitrary physical system, driven out of thermal equilibrium by an external driving. The DNLS is a general oscillator model with broad application in physics and we argue that our approach is completely general and does not depend on the physical realisation of the reservoir. The driving, which encodes the object to be recognised, acts as a thermodynamical force, one for each node in the reservoir. Currents associated to these thermodynamical forces in turn encode the output signal from the reservoir. As an example, we consider numerically the problem of supervised learning for pattern recognition, using as reservoir a network of nonlinear oscillators.
A vector finite element approach to temperature dependent parameters of microwave ablation for liver cancer

Microwave ablation (MWA) is a minimally invasive treatment for cancer that uses electromagnetic waves to kill the tumor cells without significantly damaging the surrounding healthy cells. A three‐state cell death model calculates the thermal damage around the Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor in the liver tissue. The temperature profile is simulated for a single‐slot co‐axial antenna with a 1 mm air slot located near the tip of the antenna to produce an adequate amount of heat. The aims of this study are (1) to use the vector/edge finite element method (VFEM) to simulate the electromagnetic wave propagation to obtain the specific absorption rate, which is an input for the bio‐heat equation that predicts the heat distribution in the liver tissue during MWA treatment, and (2) to compare the computational costs of VFEM and the finite element method (FEM) when different types of input powers and dielectric properties are used in the wave propagation equation. This study claims that the accuracy level increases marginally with less computation cost while using VFEM for temperature‐dependent wave propagation equation.
Electronic states in silicon quantum dots: Multivalley artificial atoms

Electronic states in silicon quantum dots are examined theoretically, taking into account a multivalley structure of the conduction band. We find that (i) exchange interaction hardly works between electrons in different valleys. In consequence electrons occupy the lowest level in different valleys in the absence of Hund's coupling when the dot size is less than 10 nm. High-spin states are easily realized by applying a small magnetic field. (ii) When the dot size is much larger, the electron-electron interaction becomes relevant in determining the electronic states. Electrons are accommodated in a valley, making the highest spin, to gain the exchange energy. (iii) In the presence of intervalley scattering, degenerate levels in different valleys are split. This could result in low-spin states. These spin states in multivalley artificial atoms can be observed by looking at the magnetic-field dependence of peak positions in the Coulomb oscillation.
Change in metabolic parameters after switching from triple regimens with tenofovir alafenamide to dolutegravir‐based dual therapy. Bi‐lipid study

The use of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has been associated with increased cholesterol and body weight. Real‐life data on the metabolic effects of switching from a TAF‐based triple regimen to a dolutegravir (DTG)‐based two‐drug regimen (2‐DR) are scarce.
Constraining the radio jet proper motion of the high-redshift quasar J2134− 0419 at z= 4.3

To date, PMN J2134–0419 (at a redshift z = 4.33) is the second most distant quasar known with a milliarcsecond-scale morphology permitting direct estimates of the jet proper motion. Based on two-epoch observations, we constrained its radio jet proper motion using the very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) technique. The observations were conducted with the European VLBI Network (EVN) at 5 GHz on 1999 November 26 and 2015 October 6. We imaged the central 10-pc scale radio jet emission and modelled its brightness distribution. By identifying a jet component at both epochs separated by 15.86 yr, a proper motion of μ = 0.035 ± 0.023 mas yr−1 is found. It corresponds to an apparent superluminal speed of βa = 4.1 ± 2.7 c. Relativistic beaming at both epochs suggests that the jet viewing angle with respect to the line of sight is smaller than 20°, with a minimum bulk Lorentz factor Γ = 4.3. The small value of the proper motion is in good agreement with the expectations from the cosmological interpretation of the redshift and the current cosmological model. Additionally we analysed archival Very Large Array observations of J2143−0419 and found indication of a bent jet extending to ∼30 kpc.
Maximum-likelihood analysis of the COBE angular correlation function

We have used maximum-likelihood estimation to determine the quadrupole amplitude Q(sub rms-PS) and the spectral index n of the density fluctuation power spectrum at recombination from the COBE DMR data. We find a strong correlation between the two parameters of the form Q(sub rms-PS) = (15.7 +/- 2.6) exp (0.46(1 - n)) microK for fixed n. Our result is slightly smaller than and has a smaller statistical uncertainty than the 1992 estimate of Smoot et al.
The effect of non-albumin proteinuria on renal outcomes in patients with biopsy proven diabetic nephropathy.

OBJECTIVE We aimed at investigating the effect of non-albumin proteinuria on renal outcomes in patients with biopsy-proven diabetic nephropathy. PATIENTS AND METHODS The files of all patients who underwent kidney biopsy between January 2010 and January 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Non-albumin proteinuria was calculated by subtracting albumin from total protein in 24-hour urine samples. The patients were divided into 2 groups, according to the presence of composite kidney outcomes. RESULTS The study included 23 patients with diabetic nephropathy. The kidney endpoint was achieved in 34.8% (n=8) of the patients. Hypertension, duration of diabetes mellitus, creatinine level at the date of biopsy, microalbuminuria and non-albumin proteinuria were found to be independent predictors for composite kidney outcome (p=0.002, p=0.007, p=0.004, p=0.006, and p=0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS NAP was found to be an independent risk factor for doubling the serum creatinine level from the date of biopsy, for starting hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, for kidney transplantation, and kidney-related death.
The Kerr-Newman-Godel Black Hole

By applying a set of Hassan-Sen transformations and string dualities to the Kerr-G¨odel solution of minimal D = 5 supergravity we derive a four parameter family of ﬁve dimensional solutions in type II string theory. They describe rotating, charged black holes in a rotating background. For zero background rotation, the solution is D = 5 Kerr-Newman; for zero charge it is Kerr-G¨odel. In a particular extremal limit the solution describes an asymptotically G¨odel BMPV black hole.