Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypertrees: a study in language specification

A hierarchy of data structures, called the hypertree hierarchy, is presented which has strings and trees as its smallest two elements. A generalized frontiering operation is presented. Grammars, automata and regular expressions are extended to this hierarchy. These are shown to be equivalent and the resulting languages are called regular. This leads to a hierarchy of regular languages on the hypertree hierarchy. These are projected onto the set of strings by the frontier operation resulting in a true hierarchy of string languages. This hierarchy is called the (10) algebraic language hierarchy. It has regular languages, context free languages and macro languages as its first three levels. It is contained in the set of context sensitive languages but is not equal to it. Other characterizations are presented.
The Effects of Flexible Working on Employee Representation: UK and Germany Compared

This edited version of a longer report presents findings from an empirical investigation into the impact of flexible labour deployment on workplace representatives in Britain and Germany. The report’s longer version includes six case studies, used as the basis for the conclusions drawn here. The main research question is: What effects have flexible working practices had on employee representatives in their representative work?
Relative distances : family and empire between Britain, British Columbia and India, 1858-1901

This thesis explores the entangled relationship between family and empire in the late-nineteenth-century British Empire. Using the correspondence of British families involved in British Columbia or India between 1858 and 1901, it argues that family letters worked to make imperial lives possible, sustainable and meaningful. This correspondence enabled Britons to come to terms with the personal separations that were necessary for the operation of empire; to negotiate the nature of shifting relationships across imperial distances; and to produce and transmit family forms of colonial knowledge. In these ways, Britons ‘at home’ and abroad used correspondence to navigate the meanings of empire through the prism of family, both in everyday separations and in moments of crisis. Overall, the thesis argues, letter-writing thus positioned the family as a key building block of empire that bound together distant and different places in deeply personal and widely experienced, if also tenuous and anxious, ways. The thesis follows a modular structure, with chapters that explore overlapping but distinct topics of correspondence: food, dress, death and letterwriting itself. Each of these offers a different lens onto the ways in which family correspondence linked Britain with India and British Columbia through intimate channels of affection, obligation, information and representation. At the same time, this multi-sited study also probes the relationships among these three places during the second half of the nineteenth century. Comparing the writing of families engaged with two very different sites of empire—one, an anxiety-ridden garrison state imagined as the ‘jewel in the crown of empire,’ and the other, a more distant and comparatively unknown settler colony on the ‘edge of empire’—the thesis develops a history of British imperial families that underscores the importance of both specific, local contexts and the wider, partially interconnected world of the British Empire.
Statistica Sinica Preprint No : SS-2018-0032 Title Nonparametric Cluster Analysis on Multiple Outcomes of Longitudinal Data

In this paper, we propose a new clustering approach for multivariate responses in longitudinal analysis. Clustering analysis for multiple outcomes can be challenging due to multiple sources of correlation from multiple outcomes of the same subject and longitudinal measurements. The proposed method integrates multiple sources of correlations to enhance clustering analysis. Specifically, we incorporate random effects to capture correlations from multivariate responses and group individuals through penalizing on pairwise distances between the B-spline coefficients vectors. We implement an alternating directions and method of multipliers algorithm (ADMM) for optimization in clustering. Furthermore, we study the asymptotic convergence rate of the proposed nonparametric estimator in the presence of longitudinal correlation for the random-effects model. Simulations and real data analysis results show that the proposed method performs better than existing clustering methods.
Anti-Evasion Auditing Policy in Thepresence of Common Income Shocks

When fairly homogeneous taxpayers are affected by common income shocks, a tax agency’s optimal auditing strategy consists of auditing a low-income declarer with a probability that (weakly) increases with the other taxpayers’ declarations. Such policy generates a coordination game among taxpayers, who then face both strategic uncertainty - about the equilibrium that will be selected.and fundamental uncertainty - about the type of agency they face. Thus the situation can be realistically modelled as a global game that yields a unique and usually interior equilibrium which is consistent with empirical evidence. Results are also applicable to other areas like regulation or welfare benefit allocation.
Holzreste von spätglazialen Kiefern aus der tiefgründigen und tonreichen Permanentrutschung ‚Spiegelberg’, Kanton Schwyz (Schweiz)

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Looking Beyond Label Noise: Shifted Label Distribution Matters in Distantly Supervised Relation Extraction

In recent years there is a surge of interest in applying distant supervision (DS) to automatically generate training data for relation extraction (RE). In this paper, we study the problem what limits the performance of DS-trained neural models, conduct thorough analyses, and identify a factor that can influence the performance greatly, shifted label distribution. Specifically, we found this problem commonly exists in real-world DS datasets, and without special handing, typical DS-RE models cannot automatically adapt to this shift, thus achieving deteriorated performance. To further validate our intuition, we develop a simple yet effective adaptation method for DS-trained models, bias adjustment, which updates models learned over the source domain (i.e., DS training set) with a label distribution estimated on the target domain (i.e., test set). Experiments demonstrate that bias adjustment achieves consistent performance gains on DS-trained models, especially on neural models, with an up to 23% relative F1 improvement, which verifies our assumptions. Our code and data can be found at https://github.com/INK-USC/shifted-label-distribution.
Isotope Hydrology: A Study of the Water Cycle

The Hydrosphere - An Overview The Isotopes of Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Fractionation Models of Isoptopic Change in the Water Cycle The Ocean System and the Marine Atmosphere Clouds and Precipitation Snow and Snowmelt Processes The Land-Biosphere-Atmosphere Interface Surface Waters Water in Soils and Plants Saline Waters Sub-Surface Waters The Continental Scale Water Balance and Its Isotopic Signature Isotopes and Climate Change.
The evolution of a retrograding sand barrier at Cíes Islands (NW Iberian Peninsula)

Barriers are dynamic and ephemeral constructions changing as they are modified by waves, winds and water currents. In this sense, retrograding barriers are the youngest of these coastal sedimentary environments. These barriers are controlled by storm overwash and tidal inlet deposition, and are associated with coastal recession. Here we present an example of a retrograding sand barrier located at the NW Coast of the Iberian Peninsula. The internal structure and the recent evolution of this barrier are analysed in detail using ground penetrating radar (GPR) and geo-rectified aerial photographs to investigate accretion/recession trends and rates at this coastline sector. Following the criteria proposed by Bristow (1995) and Bristow et al. (2000) we identified four different radar facies, which were related to specific sedimentary regimes: 1) Radar Facies Washover Sheet (RWS), characterized by sub-horizontal reflectors gently dipping landward, 2) Radar Facies Washover Delta (RWD), characterized by high angle reflectors dipping landward, 3) Radar Facies Beach Face (RBF), characterized by high angle reflectors dipping seaward, 4) Radar Facies Barrier Top (RBT), characterized by sub-horizontal reflectors indicating transition from the beach to the backbarrier environment (Fig. 1).
Vulnerabilities in Central and Eastern European countries : Dynamics of asymmetric shocks

In this work, we use the VAR and space-state methodology to analyze how the recent developments in 20 European countries have modified the dynamics of structural shocks. Our results confirm a visible progress in (predominated output fluctuations) supply shocks convergence between the CEECs and the euro zone, but also corroborate a positive initial impact of EMU creation and EU enlargement supply shocks correlation. In particular, we find that Croatia, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia are good candidates to the euro adoption under condition of greater fiscal policy alignment.
The Portal for Postgraduates in Medicine

To address problems identified with the postgraduate curriculum in Medicine, an interactive program using concept maps and a website was established. The portal integrates knowledge resources from medical journals and websites, slideshows and concept maps. In this article, particular focus is given to the portal’s underlying information architecture. The program and website provides a constructivist learning environment.
Derived Data Storage and Exchange Workflow for Large-Scale Neuroimaging Analyses on the BIRN Grid

Organizing and annotating biomedical data in structured ways has gained much interest and focus in the last 30 years. Driven by decreases in digital storage costs and advances in genetics sequencing, imaging, electronic data collection, and microarray technologies, data is being collected at an ever increasing rate. The need to store and exchange data in meaningful ways in support of data analysis, hypothesis testing and future collaborative use is pervasive. Because trans-disciplinary projects rely on effective use of data from many domains, there is a genuine interest in informatics community on how best to store and combine this data while maintaining a high level of data quality and documentation. The difficulties in sharing and combining raw data become amplified after post-processing and/or data analysis in which the new dataset of interest is a function of the original data and may have been collected by multiple collaborating sites. Simple meta-data, documenting which subject and version of data were used for a particular analysis, becomes complicated by the heterogeneity of the collecting sites yet is critically important to the interpretation and reuse of derived results. This manuscript will present a case study of using the XML-Based Clinical Experiment Data Exchange (XCEDE) schema and the Human Imaging Database (HID) in the Biomedical Informatics Research Network's (BIRN) distributed environment to document and exchange derived data. The discussion includes an overview of the data structures used in both the XML and the database representations, insight into the design considerations, and the extensibility of the design to support additional analysis streams.
Modélisation et observation de la dynamique haute fréquence de la circulation du Golfe de Gascogne

Dans cette these je me suis interessee a l'observabilite de la variabilite de la dynamique oceanique de surface du Golfe de Gascogne a partir d'observations satellite et in situ et de simulations numeriques basees sur le code SYMPHONIE. Les objectifs sont d'ameliorer notre connaissance des processus haute frequence (de quelques heures a quelques jours) forces par l'atmosphere et d'evaluer l'adequation des outils disponibles pour l'observation et la representation de ces processus. Dans une premiere approche, j'ai estime la capacite d'un jeu de donnees altimetriques cotier a observer la variabilite de l'Iberian Poleward Current (IPC) durant l'hiver 2004. Les resultats ont montre qu'un tel jeu de donnees etait capable de detecter les pulses de l'IPC et que l'altimetrie est un outil complementaire aux observations de SST et in situ pour le suivi de l'IPC. Dans une seconde approche, j'ai etudie la reponse de l'ocean au passage de la tempete Klaus du 24 janvier 2009 simulee par le modele. J'ai caracterise la reponse en temperature et salinite et les processus de melange associes, la reponse en courant de surface et le phenomene de surcote. Le realisme du modele a ete evalue par comparaison avec des observations satellites et in situ. Une part importante de mon travail a ete accordee a l'amelioration des performances de ma configuration du modele avec la realisation de tests sur les parametrisations.
CAPS-1 promotes fusion competence of stationary dense-core vesicles in presynaptic terminals of mammalian neurons

Neuropeptides released from dense-core vesicles (DCVs) modulate neuronal activity, but the molecules driving DCV secretion in mammalian neurons are largely unknown. We studied the role of calcium-activator protein for secretion (CAPS) proteins in neuronal DCV secretion at single vesicle resolution. Endogenous CAPS-1 co-localized with synaptic markers but was not enriched at every synapse. Deletion of CAPS-1 and CAPS-2 did not affect DCV biogenesis, loading, transport or docking, but DCV secretion was reduced by 70% in CAPS-1/CAPS-2 double null mutant (DKO) neurons and remaining fusion events required prolonged stimulation. CAPS deletion specifically reduced secretion of stationary DCVs. CAPS-1-EYFP expression in DKO neurons restored DCV secretion, but CAPS-1-EYFP and DCVs rarely traveled together. Synaptic localization of CAPS-1-EYFP in DKO neurons was calcium dependent and DCV fusion probability correlated with synaptic CAPS-1-EYFP expression. These data indicate that CAPS-1 promotes fusion competence of immobile (tethered) DCVs in presynaptic terminals and that CAPS-1 localization to DCVs is probably not essential for this role. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.05438. 001
American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy

We are writing to provide comments on DOE’s May 31, 2006 Federal Register notice and Rulemaking Framework document on energy efficiency standards for general service fluorescent lamps, incandescent reflector lamps and general service incandescent lamps. In general, we are pleased to see DOE begin this rulemaking and think that DOE’s proposed approach is generally acceptable. However, we do have some serious concerns and some suggestions on ways to improve the process and analyses. At the workshop, the Department expressed its intent to issue a final standard by the end of June 2009. The Department should take great care that, in working to complete the rulemaking within three years, it also complies with its obligations to conduct complete and unbiased analysis. We start with some general comments and then proceed to product-specific comments.
Analyzing Cognitive Network Access Efficiency Under Limited Spectrum Handoff Agility

Most existing studies on cognitive-radio networks assume that cognitive users (CUs) can switch to any available channel, regardless of the frequency gap between a target channel and the current channel. However, due to hardware limitations, CUs can actually jump only so far from where the operating frequency of their current channel is. This paper studies the performance of cognitive-radio networks while considering realistic channel handoff agility, where CUs can only switch to their neighboring channels. We use a continuous-time Markov process to derive and analyze the forced termination and blocking probabilities of CUs. Using these derived probabilities, we then study and analyze the impact of limited spectrum handoff agility on cognitive spectrum access efficiency. We show that accounting for realistic spectrum handoff agility reduces performance of cognitive-radio networks in terms of spectrum access capability and efficiency.
Applying BioBERT to Extract Germline Gene-Disease Associations for Building a Knowledge Graph from the Biomedical Literature

Published biomedical information has and continues to rapidly increase. The recent advancements in Natural Language Processing (NLP), have generated considerable interest in automating the extraction, normalization, and representation of biomedical knowledge about entities such as genes and diseases. Our study analyzes germline abstracts in the construction of knowledge graphs of the immense work that has been done in this area for genes and diseases. This paper presents SimpleGermKG, an automatic knowledge graph construction approach that connects germline genes and diseases. For the extraction of genes and diseases, we employ BioBERT, a pre-trained BERT model on biomedical corpora. We propose an ontology-based and rule-based algorithm to standardize and disambiguate medical terms. For semantic relationships between articles, genes, and diseases, we implemented a part-whole relation approach to connect each entity with its data source and visualize them in a graph-based knowledge representation. Lastly, we discuss the knowledge graph applications, limitations, and challenges to inspire the future research of germline corpora. Our knowledge graph contains 297 genes, 130 diseases, and 46,747 triples. Graph-based visualizations are used to show the results.
Infrared detection of thermal faults inside transformers based on higher order harmonic detection and independent component analysis

The current technology for detecting thermal faults within transformers is relatively simple in its analysis of infrared thermal images, resulting in poorly correct detection results. To this end, an infrared detection technique for thermal faults inside the transformer based on higher order harmonic detection and independent component analysis is proposed. The thermal images of the internal transformer are acquired. Extraction of higher order harmonic distortion signal waveforms from thermal images. Transmission of the distortion signal waveform to obtain the minimum set of attributes for independent component analysis. Corresponding to the fault site, the detection of thermal faults inside the transformer is completed. Experiments have shown that the technique has a high correct rate of 99.57% on average for different types of thermal faults inside the transformer, which is of high application value.
Adolescents’ online self-disclosure and self-presentation

The aim of this paper was to investigate (a) how often adolescents engage in Internet-based identity experiments, (b) with what motives they engage in such experiments, and (c) which self-presentational strategies they use while experimenting with their identity. Six hundred 9to 18-year-olds completed a questionnaire in their classroom. 50% of the adolescents who used the Internet for chat or Instant Messaging indicated that they had engaged in Internetbased identity experiments. The most important motive for such experiments was selfexploration (to investigate how others react), followed by social compensation (to overcome shyness), and social facilitation (to facilitate relationship formation). Age, gender, and introversion were significant predictors of the frequency with which adolescents engaged in Internet-based identity experiments, their motives for such experiments, and their self-presentational strategies. 1 The final, definitive version of this article has been published in the journal, New Media and Society, 7(3), 2005, © SAGE Publications Ltd, 2005 by SAGE Publications Ltd at the New Media and Society page: http://nms.sagepub. com/ on SAGE Journals Online: http://online.sagepub. com/ Adolescents’ Identity Experiments
NVH optimization of PMSM based on auxiliary slots in stator and rotor

Considering the issue that the output torque performance and the noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are difficult to balance. In this paper, a structure with auxiliary slots for the stator and rotor is proposed, which weakens the radial electromagnetic force (REF) while maintaining the output torque, and reduces electromagnetic vibration and electromagnetic noise. Two dimensional electromagnetic models of the motor with different parameters of stator and rotor auxiliary slot are established respectively. According to the evaluation of REF density amplitude, radial air gap flux density, total harmonic distortion (THD) and average output torque, one group of auxiliary slot parameters is selected for combination. Compared to the outcomes of the original motor model, the noise value after improvement decreases by 20.2% and output torque basically unchanged. This shows that reasonable slotting parameters can improve NVH performance while maintaining output torque performance.