Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Collaborative Byzantine Resilient Federated Learning

Federated learning (FL) enables an effective and private distributed learning process. However, it is vulnerable against several types of attacks, such as Byzantine behaviors. The first purpose of this work is to demonstrate mathematically that the traditional arithmetic-averaging model-combining approach will ultimately diverge to an unstable solution in the presence of Byzantine agents. This article also proposes a low-complexity, decentralized Byzantine resilient training mechanism. The proposed technique identifies and isolates hostile nodes rather than just mitigating their impact on the global model. In addition, the suggested approach may be used alone or in conjunction with other protection techniques to provide an additional layer of security in the event of misdetection. The suggested solution is decentralized, allowing all participating nodes to jointly identify harmful individuals using a novel cross check mechanism. To prevent biased assessments, the identification procedure is done blindly and is incorporated into the regular training process. A smart activation mechanism based on flag activation is also proposed to reduce the network overhead. Finally, general mathematical proofs combined with extensive experimental results applied in a healthcare electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring scenario show that the proposed techniques are very efficient at accurately predicting heart problems.
Impact of difficult coworkers on employees' turnover intention: the mediating roles of perceived organizational support and affective commitment

PurposeThis study explores the impact of difficult coworkers on employees' turnover intention. Additionally, this study investigates the roles of employees' attitude toward difficult coworkers, perceived organizational support and affective commitment in the relationship between difficult coworkers and turnover intention.Design/methodology/approachBased on the stimulus-organism-response theory, a theoretical model was established that linked difficult coworkers to employees' attitude toward the, then to turnover intention directly and indirectly through perceived organizational support and affective commitment. The model was validated using responses from 343 Chinese employees in Macao's banking industry.FindingsResults of the partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) showed that difficult coworkers significantly influenced employees' attitude toward them. Employees' attitude toward difficult coworkers had a small and significant effect on turnover intention while perceived organizational support and affective commitment mediated the relationship between attitude toward difficult coworkers and turnover intention.Originality/valueThe study is the first empirical study to employ the stimulus-organism-response theory to characterize the impact of difficult coworkers on turnover intention. Fortunately, perceived organizational support and affective commitment were able to lessen the impact of difficult coworkers on turnover intention.
Thoughts on Roots and Affixes

Chinese lacks affixes like those in IndoEuropean languages. Most compound words in Chinese are syntactic compounds. There are hardly any fixed criteria for the distinction between the root and affix. This paper discusses the criteria for the distinction between the root and affix through the meaning, position, parts of speech. It presents the complexity of the problem of root and affix in Chinese. 
Risk factors for ventilator-induced-lung injury develop three to five times faster after a single episode of lung injury

Introduction Mechanical ventilator breaths provided to deeply sedated patients have an abnormal volume distribution, encouraging alveolar collapse in dependent regions and promoting alveolar overdistention in non-dependent regions. Collapse and overdistention both start with the first breath and worsen over time, driving ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). This is exacerbated when the lung is already injured or has increased heterogeneity. Our study investigated the impact of a single episode of lung injury on lung mechanics and the risk factors for ventilator-induced injury, compared with non-injured lungs. Methods Two groups of pigs were sedated and ventilated using lung-protective volume-controlled mode at 8 mL/kg, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 5 cmH2O, with respiratory rate and FiO2 set to maintain normal blood gas values. Animals in one group were ventilated for 50 h (50-Hour MV group, n=10). Animals in the second group had lung injury induced using oleic acid and were ventilated for 12 h post-injury (LI MV group, n=6). Both groups were compared with a never-ventilated control group (NV, n=6). Lung mechanics and injury were measured using electrical impedance tomography, esophageal pressure monitoring and tissue histology. Results End-expiratory lung-volume loss was greater in the 50-Hour MV group (P<0.05). Plateau pressure, driving pressure and lung injury score were higher in the LI MV group, (P<0.05). Conclusion Risk factors for VILI developed three- to five-times faster in the group with injured lungs, demonstrating that a single lung-injury episode substantially increased the risk of VILI, compared with normal lungs, despite using a lung-protective mechanical ventilation protocol.
Learning Latent Temporal Manifolds for Recognition and Prediction of Multiple Actions in Streaming Videos using Deep Networks

LEARNING LATENT TEMPORAL MANIFOLDS FOR RECOGNITION AND PREDICTION OF MULTIPLE ACTIONS IN STREAMING VIDEOS USING DEEP NETWORKS Name: Nair, Binu Muraleedharan University of Dayton Advisor: Dr. Vijayan K. Asari Recognizing multiple types of actions appearing in a continuous temporal order from a streaming video is the key to many possible applications ranging from real-time surveillance to egocentric motion for human computer interaction. Current state of the art algorithms are more focused either on holistic video representation or on finding a specific activity in video sequences. But the major drawback is that these algorithms work only on applications pertaining to unconstrained video search from the web and requires the complete sequence for reporting what kind of actions are present. In this dissertation, we propose an algorithm to detect and recognize multiple actions in a streaming sequence at every instant. This approach was successful in recognizing the type of action being performed and also provides a percentage of completion of that action at every instant in realtime. This system is invariant to the number of frames and the speed at which the action is being performed. Apart from these benefits, the proposed model can also predict the motion descriptors at future instances corresponding to the action present. Since human motion is inherently continuous in nature, the algorithm presented in this dissertation computes novel motion descriptors based iii on the dense optical flow at every instant and evaluates their variations along the temporal domain using deep learning techniques. For each action type, we compute a non-linear transformation from motion descriptor space into the latent temporal space using stacked autoencoders where this transformation is learned from its training patterns. The latent features thus obtained, forms a temporal manifold where the transitions along it are modeled using the conditional restricted Boltzmann machines (CRBMs). Using these trained autoencoders and CRBMs for every action type, we can make an inference into multiple latent temporal action manifolds at an instant from a set of streaming input frames. Our model achieved a high accuracy of 93% in recognizing actions per frame and was able to predict the future action instances with an accuracy of 84% for KTH dataset. Similarly, it was also tested with the UCF Sports dataset and achieved an accuracy of 84% in recognizing the action per-frame and around 69% of predictive capability. Therefore we believe that the proposed model can benefit applications in human computer interaction, gaming and IP surveillance where the action classification using temporal manifolds and its predictive capability are crucial.
WNT Co-Receptor LRP6 Is Critical for Zygotic Genome Activation and Embryonic Developmental Potential by Interacting with Oviductal Paracrine Ligand WNT2

Mammalian preimplantation development depends on the interaction between embryonic autocrine and maternal paracrine signaling. Despite the robust independence of preimplantation embryos, oviductal factors are thought to be critical to pregnancy success. However, how oviductal factors regulate embryonic development and the underlying mechanism remain unknown. In the present study, focusing on WNT signaling, which has been reported to be essential for developmental reprogramming after fertilization, we analyzed the receptor-ligand repertoire of preimplantation embryonic WNT signaling, and identified that the WNT co-receptor LRP6 is necessary for early cleavage and has a prolonged effect on preimplantation development. LRP6 inhibition significantly impeded zygotic genome activation and disrupted relevant epigenetic reprogramming. Focusing on the potential oviductal WNT ligands, we found WNT2 as the candidate interacting with embryonic LRP6. More importantly, we found that WNT2 supplementation in culture medium significantly promoted zygotic genome activation (ZGA) and improved blastocyst formation and quality following in vitro fertilization (IVF). In addition, WNT2 supplementation significantly improved implantation rate and pregnancy outcomes following embryo transfer. Collectively, our findings not only provide novel insight into how maternal factors regulate preimplantation development through maternal-embryonic communication, but they also propose a promising strategy for improving current IVF systems.
Economic Model Predictive Control for Microgrid Optimization: A Review

Microgrids have emerged as a promising solution to integrate distributed energy resources (DERs) and supply reliable and efficient electricity. The operation of a microgrid involves the coordination of different DERs and loads. To date, various control methods have been developed to maximize the overall benefit while satisfying various constraints. Now it is urgently needed to understand and comprehend these approaches to further stimulate the deployment of microgrids. This paper presents an overview for researchers on economic model predictive control (EMPC) methods of microgrids to achieve a variety of objectives such as cost minimization and benefit maximization. The fundamental principle of the EMPC theory is explained in detail. The most popular and important strategies applied to stand-alone microgrids, grid-connected microgrids, residential smart homes, as well as networked microgrids are discussed. Future trends are also highlighted.
Spanish cardiac catheterization in congenital heart diseases registry. Second official report from the ACI-SEC and the GTH-SECPCC (2021)

Introduction and objectives: This is the 2021 annual activity report from the Interventional Cardiology Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (ACI-SEC), and the Interventional Working Group of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Cardiology (GTH-SECPCC). Methods: All Spanish centers with cath lab capabilities and interventional activity in congenital heart diseases were invited to participate. Data were collected online, analyzed by an external company, and ACI-SEC and GTH-SECPCC members. Results: A total of 16 centers participated—15 public and 1 private—including 34 cath labs with experience in congenital heart diseases, 7 of them (20.5%) exclusively dedicated to pediatric patients. A total of 1094 diagnostic studies (4.5% more than 2020) and 1553 interventional catheterizations (5.8% more than 2020) were registered. The most common procedures were atrial septal defect closure (336 cases), pulmonary branch artery angioplasty (231 cases), and percutaneous closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (228 cases). Interventional procedures were considered successful in 95% of the cases with rates of major procedural complication and in-hospital mortality of 2.7% and 0.2%, respectively. Conclusions: This is the second Spanish Cardiac Catheterization in Congenital Heart Diseases Registry report. A significant increase of diagnostic and interventional procedures was reported with a special increase of percutaneous valve implantation, ductus arteriosus closure, and aortic angioplasty. Most interventional techniques continue to demonstrate excellent safety and efficacy outcomes.
Calibration of Stereo Camera External Parameters Using Dual Quaternion

Dual quaternion can be used to represent the relative translation and rotation between two camera coordinates. In this paper,using the dual quaternion as mathematic model,acalibration algorithm of stereo camera's external parameters is presented. The external calibration parameters of stereo camera can be obtained simultaneously by singular value decomposition of the matrix. which is composedof the motion parameters of two rigid linked cameras, the results of simulation have shown that the proposed method is very robust.
Market-Based"Actual"Returns of Investors

We describe how the market-based average and volatility of the"actual"return, which the investors gain within their market sales, depend on the statistical moments, volatilities, and correlations of the current and past market trade values. We describe three successive approximations. First, we derive the dependence of the market-based average and volatility of a single sale return on market trade statistical moments determined by multiple purchases in the past. Then, we describe the dependence of average and volatility of return that a single investor gains during the"trading day. "Finally, we derive the market-based average and volatility of return of different investors during the"trading day"as a function of volatilities and correlations of market trade values. That highlights the distribution of the"actual"return of market trade and can serve as a benchmark for"purchasing"investors.
Decoupling and Wide-Angle Scanning Design of a Millimeter-Wave Phased Array Using Square-Ring Metasurface

A wide-angle scanning millimeter-wave (mm-wave) phased array using square-ring metasurface (SRMS) is presented in this letter. SRMS not only improves the element gain owing to enhancing the radiation efficiency and directivity of the antenna element, but also decreases the mutual coupling between elements as a partially reflective surface. Due to the reduced mutual coupling, both the active impedance matching and the total efficiency of the proposed array are significantly improved. Furthermore, thanks to the improved active impedance matching and the small element spacing of 0. 43λ0 (λ0 is the wavelength at the center frequency of 27 GHz in free space), the 3 dB scanning angle of the proposed array is significantly extended. Measured results show that the phased array achieves a wide 3 dB scanning angle greater than ±68° over a wide operating band of 24.11–29.68 GHz (20.7%), which is very suitable for 5G mm-wave terminal applications.
Canada’s Small INGOs: Growth Aspirations, Strategies, and Constraints

Abstract During the past two decades, international development non-government organizations (INGOs) have proliferated in the global North. In Canada, there are ∼1350 registered INGOs—of which, 950 were established in 2000 or later, 1192 receive no federal government funding, 1202 have annual revenues under CAD one million dollars, and 709 have no full-time employees. This new wave of Small and Medium Organizations (SMOs) epitomises the decentralisation of global development as private aid has surpassed Official Development Assistance funding. Yet, recent studies suggest SMOs have a short lifespan and fail to progress beyond service provision representing the first evolutionary stage of INGO maturation. Our study combines surveys (n: 95) and interviews (n: 18) with Canadian SMOs to explore growth aspirations along with their challenges and strategies to increase revenue. Our results show that nearly all Canadian SMOs desire organisational growth, and pursue diverse funding sources and innovative strategies to increase revenue. However, for SMOs, growth means doing more of the same thing—they are committed to improving the living conditions of their target population—which contradicts best practices to scale up INGO impact and may necessitate alternative organisational evolutionary guides for SMOs operating in this emerging development niche.
A resolution of unnatural ination in string theory? D-terms on the resolved conifold

We give an overview of flux compactification and a brief introduction to the present challenges in embedding inflation into string theory. With these challenges in mind, we suggest a novel string theory setup in which to study brane inflation. We construct a deformation of the warped resolved conifold background with supersymmetry breaking ISD (1,2) fluxes by adding D7–branes. We find spontaneous supersymmetry breaking without generating a bulk cosmological constant. In the compactified form, our background will no longer be a Calabi–Yau manifold. In the presence of D7–branes, the (1,2) fluxes can give rise to non-trivial D-terms. We study the Ouyang embedding of D7–branes and find that in this case the D–terms are indeed non-zero. In the limit when we approach the singular conifold, the D–terms vanish for Ouyang’s embedding, although supersymmetry is broken. We discuss the puzzle of determining the correct 4D supergravity superpotential and suggest an approach to study the inflationary dynamics in this background.
Fármacos modificadores de la enfermedad en la esclerosis múltiple durante la lactancia: revisión de la evidencia actual

Introducción. La esclerosis múltiple afecta principalmente a mujeres en edad fértil, y el período de gestación y posparto es de especial interés por las peculiaridades que comporta en cuanto a evolución de la enfermedad y por las consecuencias terapéuticas que se derivan. En el período de lactancia materna (LM), la elección de la estrategia de tratamiento debe poner en una balanza, por un lado, los beneficios bien establecidos de la LM para el recién nacido y su madre y, por el otro, el perfil de seguridad y potenciales efectos adversos en el lactante derivados de la exposición a los fármacos modificadores de la enfermedad, por transferencia a través de leche materna. Desarrollo. Se realiza una revisión de la evidencia actual acerca de la seguridad de los fármacos modificadores de la enfermedad disponibles para el tratamiento de la esclerosis múltiple durante el período de LM, y se recogen datos de transferencia de los diferentes fármacos a la leche materna, así como los potenciales efectos adversos descritos en el lactante. Los fármacos considerados de primera elección durante este período son el interferón beta y el acetato de glatiramer. El resto de los fármacos modificadores de la enfermedad no están aceptados para su utilización en el período de LM por ficha técnica. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, se han publicado datos de estudios de práctica clínica y series de casos que indican que algunos de estos fármacos podrían utilizarse con seguridad durante este período. Conclusiones. Teniendo en cuenta los beneficios reconocidos de la LM para la salud tanto de la madre como del lactante, se debe recomendar la LM exclusiva a las pacientes con esclerosis múltiple siempre que sea posible. Es fundamental realizar una evaluación individualizada previa al embarazo y valorar las diferentes opciones de tratamiento en función de cada paciente.
Quantitative Sleep Electroencephalogram in Parkinson’s Disease: A Case-Control Study

Background: Sleep disorders are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and include alterations in sleep-related EEG oscillations. Objective: This case-control study tested the hypothesis that patients with PD would have a lower density of Scalp-Slow Wave (SW) oscillations and higher slow-to-fast frequencies ratio in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep than non-PD controls. Other sleep-related quantitative EEG (qEEG) features were also examined, including SW morphology, sleep spindles, and Scalp-SW spindle phase-amplitude coupling. Methods: Polysomnography (PSG)-derived sleep EEG was compared between PD participants (n = 56) and non-PD controls (n = 30). Following artifact rejection, sleep qEEG analysis was performed in frontal and central leads. Measures included SW density and morphological features of SW and sleep spindles, SW-spindle phase-amplitude coupling, and spectral power analysis in Non-REM (NREM) and REM. Differences in qEEG features between PD and non-PD controls were compared using two-tailed Welch’s t-tests, and correction for multiple comparisons was performed per the Benjamini-Hochberg method. Results: SW density was lower in PD than in non-PD controls (F = 13.5, p’ = 0.003). The PD group also exhibited higher ratio of slow REM EEG frequencies (F = 4.23, p’ = 0.013), higher slow spindle peak frequency (F = 24.7, p’ < 0.002), and greater SW-spindle coupling angle distribution non-uniformity (strength) (F = 7.30, p’ = 0.034). Conclusion: This study comprehensively evaluates sleep qEEG including SW-spindle phase amplitude coupling in PD compared to non-PD controls. These findings provide novel insights into how neurodegenerative disease disrupts electrophysiological sleep rhythms. Considering the role of sleep oscillatory activity on neural plasticity, future studies should investigate the influence of these qEEG markers on cognition in PD.
Entrepreneurial Passion and entrepreneurial leadership: An exploratory study of Indonesian Minang ethnic entrepreneurs

Entrepreneurial passion is the main assessment in looking at the characteristics of entrepreneurs and there have been many studies and theories that put forward the entrepreneurial spirit in achieving entrepreneurial success. However, there is no clear assessment of passion and whether entrepreneurial passion can stand alone in assessing successful entrepreneurship or rather entrepreneurial passion must be together with other entrepreneurial characteristics such as having leadership that leads to success. This study involved 25 entrepreneurs to assess entrepreneurial passion and leadership which was carried out qualitatively. Data collection uses in-depth interviews to see entrepreneurial spirit and leadership. Those involved in this research specifically are Minang ethnic entrepreneurs who do have different characteristics in running a business. Questions are asked of business owners who have been around for at least 10 years. This is limited in order to be able to see entrepreneurial passion not only in facing business profits but also in business conditions that are in trouble both internally and externally. The results of the study revealed that passion alone cannot be used as a benchmark or an indicator of business success, as many as 20 entrepreneurs revealed that passion must be combined with other characteristics such as the ability to lead a business. This means that in managing a business and also in achieving success, entrepreneurial passion must be supported by other factors. A total of 5 entrepreneurs revealed that passion is the most important in success. The limitation of this research is that it has not looked at several other supporting factors for entrepreneurial passion in achieving success and needs to be done quantitatively in uncovering the contribution of entrepreneurial passion.
Capturing causality in economics and the limits of statistical inference

Indeed, far-reaching claims have been made for the superiority of a quantitative template that depends on modeling – by those who manage to ignore the far-reaching assumptions behind the models. However, the assumptions often turn out to be unsupported by the data. If so, the rigor of advanced quantitative methods is a matter of appearance rather than substance. ” David Freedman: Statistical Models and Causal Inference