Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and in vitro Antibacterial Activity of Novel Substituted N-1 , 3-Benzoxazol-2 yl Benzene Sulfonamides

From many centuries human beings have been exposed to pathogens. In current modern medicine microbial infections are a major growing problem in which only a few antimicrobial agents are used in medical practice. Though several antimicrobial agents are currently available, there is a critical need for the development of new and specific antimicrobial agents. Amongst them benzoxazole derivatives constitute much importance in medicinal field due to their broad range of biological activity. Two novel N-1,3-Benzoxazol2yl benzene sulfonamides have been synthesized by cyclizing four different amino alcohols with Cyanogen bromide to get 1,3benzoxazol-2-amine which upon treating with substituted phenyl sulfonyl chlorides gave novel N-1,3-Benzoxazol-2yl benzene sulfonamides. After structural confirmation, the title compounds were screened for their antimicrobial and anti oxidant activity. The obtained compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at 30ppm and 300ppm and subjected the same compound for molecular docking studies with respect to antimicrobial activity. Both the compounds 3a (N-(7bromo-1, 3-benzoxazol-2yl)-4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonamide) and 3b (4bromo-N-(7-methyl-1, 3-benzoxazol-2-yl) benzene-1sulfonamide) showed pronounced antimicrobial activity.
Terahertz-based subfemtosecond metrology of relativistic electron beams

Photons, electrons, and their interplay are at the heart of photonic devices and modern instruments for ultrafast science [1-10]. Nowadays, electron beams of the highest intensity and brightness are created by photoemission with short laser pulses, and then accelerated and manipulated using GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. The electron beams are utilized to directly map photoinduced dynamics with ultrafast electron scattering techniques, or further engaged for coherent radiation production at up to hard X-ray wavelengths [11-13]. The push towards improved timing precision between the electron beams and pump optical pulses though, has been stalled at the few tens of femtosecond level, due to technical challenges with synchronizing the high power rf fields with optical sources. Here, we demonstrate attosecond electron metrology using laser-generated single-cycle THz radiation, which is intrinsically phase locked to the optical drive pulses, to manipulate multi-MeV relativistic electron beams. Control and single-shot characterization of bright electron beams at this unprecedented level open up many new opportunities for atomic visualization.
The Effect Of Work-Life and Social Media Balances On Moslem Family Teachers In Pandemic Time

Distance learning demands extra work and adjustment of teachers in doing a task to educate their students. This condition causes a conflict such as interfering with wholeness that leads to family resilience conflict. In Islamic teaching, family resilience can be achieved by living the principles of zawaj (pair), mitsaqan-ghaliza (solid bond), musyaran (good association), and musyawarah (mutual agreement) in relationship between family members. The study aimed to find out the effect of work-life and social media balances on teachers' families' resilience and was measured by Islamic family resilience values. The participants were 161 teachers aged 21-36 years in Cikarang area of Bekasi Regency who used social media. Data was taken through Google-form with three scales, namely Islamic Family Resilience which was developed by Islamic family resilience aspect of BP4 called IMRS®, the scale of work balance was from Fisher, Bulger, & Smith (2009), and the scale of social media balance was from Kumar & Priyadarshini (2018). Data was taken by a nonprobability sampling with purposive sampling technique. The data were analyzed with multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the variables of work-life and social media balances had a significant effect on family resilience. The study also showed that three dimensions had a significant effect, namely (2) the mixing of person to work, (3) enrichment of personal life from work, and (6) the use of social media for personal. This study implied that the importance of understanding family members related to the fulfillment of common goals and must be communicated.
Design, Simulation and Optimization of an Additive Laser-Based Manufacturing Process for Gearbox Housing with Reduced Weight Made from AlSi10Mg Alloy

The gas turbine engine's (GTE) development aims for the increasing the efficiency, strength, reliability and safety of its components. To create competitive engines, housing parts and components with high functionality and reduced weight are needed. Especially difficult in the design and production are the gearboxes for aviation GTE. Traditional technologies based on precision casting or material forming operations have significant limitations due to the complexity of fulfilling multiple different requirements. Nowadays, one of the progressive production techniques is additive manufacturing. The article presents the results of computational and experimental studies that substantiate the applicability of laser additive technology to reduce the mass of body parts by up to 15% while ensuring their strength properties. The physical and mechanical characteristics of aluminum alloys acceptable for the manufacturing of housing parts were analyzed. The necessary characteristics of the powder alloy of the Al-Si system and the technological parameters of the L-PBF of the modified housing of the gear reducer are established. Using the finite element method (FEM) the L-PBF process was numerically simulated and the technological modes for synthesis of the AlSi10Mg alloy powder were optimized. With the help of a serial 3D printer ProX320DMP, the prototype of a gear housing was manufactured.
Uses and Misuses of Arbitrage in Financial Theory, and a Suggested Alternative

Despite being a mainstay of modern economic theory, the simple concept of arbitrage is sorely misused. In this paper we overview such instances, and offer an alternative definition. Most applications of arbitrage use it as a general equilibrating tendency irrespective of whether the outcome is certain. Alternatively, it can be used in a rather “loose” manner to apply to inter-temporal scenarios or situations involving multiple (though similar) goods. To accommodate some of these instances we redefine the concept as any case where “one or more assets are simultaneously exchanged, locking in a monetary profit with certainty at the time of trading, even if it cannot be certain as to the magnitude of such profit. ” We outline the scenarios where this revised definition matters, not least of which is constricting the use of arbitrage to its proper domain within the context of entrepreneurship as a cause of price formation.
Quadratic Integers and Coxeter Groups

Abstract Matrices whose entries belong to certain rings of algebraic integers can be associated with discrete groups of transformations of inversive $n$ -space or hyperbolic $(n+1)-\text{space}\,{{\text{H}}^{n+1}}$ . For small $n$ , these may be Coxeter groups, generated by reflections, or certain subgroups whose generators include direct isometries of ${{\text{H}}^{n+1}}$ . We show how linear fractional transformations over rings of rational and (real or imaginary) quadratic integers are related to the symmetry groups of regular tilings of the hyperbolic plane or 3-space. New light is shed on the properties of the rational modular group $\text{PS}{{\text{L}}_{2}}(\mathbb{Z})$ , the Gaussian modular (Picard) group $\text{PS}{{\text{L}}_{2}}(\mathbb{Z}[i])$ , and the Eisenstein modular group $\text{PS}{{\text{L}}_{2}}(\mathbb{Z}\left[ \omega \right])$ .
THE RELATIONSIDP BETWEEN MANAGERIAL COMPOSITION AND FIRM PERFORMANCE : A QUANTITATIVE STUDY ON KENYAN

Due to various corporate scandals and failures, there has been a renewed interest on the role of boards in the performance of firms. In the light of Third world countries' financial crisis, the effectiveness of good governance in African economies has been a confronting issue . Agency problems arise when ownership is separated from management. In developing markets like East Africa, investors are eager to improve the governance mechanism. Researches on this topic worldwide have increased in recent years; however, many of these studies have obtained inconclusive findings because of various reasons such as fast changing of the market, management methods and different approaches. Board of directors as the monitors for management and trustee for shareholders play an important role. This situation has raised a key issue in corporate governance of how to effectively monitor managers and to exercise control so that managers act in the best interest of the shareholders . Governed firms have been noted to have good firm performance. There is no gainsaying of the fact that corporate governance structure has a critical impact on the responsive ability of a firm to external factors that impinge on firms' performance. This study reviewed previous literatures and studies from both advanced markets and Kenyan market. It examined the correlation between board composition and firm's performance of Kenyan listed companies. A quantitative approach was adopted to examine the correlation between managerial composition and firm performance of listed companies in NSE. The research population was 55 companies listed in NSE. Sample size of 60% was derived through stratified sampling method . Secondary data was used for this study and data sourced from annual audited financial statements of the listed companies in NSE. Empirical analysis was undertaken using Generalized Least Squares analyses. Softwares that were used included SPSS and STATA. Results of data analysis were interpreted in line with the research objectives and fmdings recommendations and conclusions reported. The findings of the study showed that board characteristics such as board size, board independence and gender diversity were positively related with firm performance, where as the number of board members with PhD level education was found to be negatively related to firm performance. The findings also provide partial evidence to different governance theories, further indicating the need for theoretical pluralism to gain insights into boards' functioning.
What is Graduate Underemployment ? A systematic rev iew of the Literature

The diversity of graduate careers is widely recognised, and the present paper seeks to draw attention to an increasingly important phenomenon – the careers of graduates in non-graduate occupations (GRINGOs). The phenomenon of individuals being employed in roles for which their education would appear to make them overqualified has been studied by researchers from an exceptionally wide range of disciplines, including economists, educationalists, sociologists, psychologists, and management scholars. The phenomenon is variously referred to as underutilisation, over-education, or underemployment, but we use the latter term within the present paper as it is the term most commonly used within the management field (e.g. Feldman, 1996). Though there has been some interdisciplinary research examining underemployment, it remains the case that much of our knowledge remains locked within the boundaries of individual disciplines. In this paper we therefore offer a systematic literature review of research on underemployment drawing upon all of the fields in which this phenomenon has been investigated. The review examines the diversity of disciplinary perspectives, whilst highlighting the significant issues of measurement, many arising from the objective versus subjective distinction. We suggest that the most appropriate basis for developing our theoretical understanding of graduate underemployment is draw upon relevant theoretical frameworks from career studies – specifically those on the objective-subjective duality of career, career indecision, and career success. Keywords; graduate underemployment, careers, graduate labour market
Global anisotropic phase velocity maps for fundamental mode surface waves between 40 and 150 s

SUMMARY We constructed global phase velocity maps including azimuthal anisotropy. Azimuthal anisotropy is expanded on a basis of generalized spherical harmonics, which makes the calculation of path integrals of the phase velocity particularly simple. It is generally accepted that the major difficulty in such modelling is determining the strength of the anisotropy relative to the isotropy. We propose a technique which finds the optimum relative weighting of the anisotropic terms prior to inversion. It is clear from our analyses that phase data require azimuthal anisotropy. We further find that Love wave data do not require a 2ψ term, whereas Rayleigh wave data need 2ψ and 4ψ terms. The main effect of azimuthal anisotropy upon the isotropic maps is a loss of power in the highest spherical harmonic degrees, resulting in an overall lower lateral resolution compared with a purely isotropic inversion for the same number of recovered parameters. The correlation of 2ψ and 4ψ components at different periods is relatively high, indicating a shallow source for the azimuthal anisotropy. Overall, fast 2ψ Rayleigh directions agree well with absolute plate motions in the hotspot reference frame.
Different Food Hardness Affect Memory

Recent studies proved the role of mastication in learning and memory function. The effect of various food hardness on spatial memory in childhood is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to analyze the role of mastication activity in spatial memory in childhood by giving food with various hardness Post-weaned rats aged 28 days were divided into three groups. Control group was fed with normal pellets diet, blended grain and seeds (soft diet) for treatment I group and whole grain and seeds (hard diet) for treatment II group. Radial eight arm maze-test was used to assess spatial memory. Data collected was analyzed using One-way Anova. There was significant difference of spatial memory (p<0.05). Control group showed the best spatial memory, while treatment II showed the lowest performance.
Holistic Assessment and Treatment of Older Adults

Introduction Clinicians who care for older adults have long been frustrated by the limitations of the prevalent diseaseoriented approaches [1]. The medical model serves as a taxonomy for defining health, disease, and payment for care and narrowly focuses on individual organ systems. Pointedly, it is inadequate to characterize older persons who generally show a combination of multiple diseases, limitations of function, and cognitive and psychosocial problems. Conditions, such as cognitive impairment, delirium, falls, dizziness, syncope, urinary incontinence, depression, and frailty, are generally multifactorial in etiology. These problems germinate with frailty. In the U.S., the average older adult being treated in primary care is 73 years of age with significant health concerns; many ill-equipped to manage health due to limits as a result of SES, education, environment, and co morbidities. Additionally, patients with complex diseases have a higher risk of developing others. Multi-morbidity represents a huge problem in everyday clinical practice.
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FACED BY VILLAGE GUIDES IN KUNDASANG AND KAMPUNG SAYAP

The study aims to identify the issues and challenges faced by village guides in the highlands along the west coast of Sabah. The destinations chosen in this study were the famous Kundasang located in the district of Ranau and Kampung Sayap a blooming highland destination in the district of Kota Belud. A qualitative approach was used to identify the issues and challenges faced by the village guides. The methodology used was divided into three stages. At stage 1, the researchers hiked along with the village guides to personally encounter the experience the hiking journey with the village guide. At stage 2, the village guides were placed in groups and a list of questions were brought forward for them to express the grievances they face while performing their guide duties and the desire to obtain certain assistance from the stakeholders to improve their socioeconomic status. Finally at stage 3, the village chief was included in the discussion in providing recommendation on how to improve the services as well as the standard of living of the village guides. The study revealed that the ratio of tourist to the village guide is too high, inability to communicate in English, do not have the knowledge on the intrinsic as well as the extrinsic value of the flora and fauna, lack of facilities, the village guides were mainly man, changes in the weather condition, schedule is too tight and the demand is seasonal. Many of the guides did not have a village guide licence because they did not have school certificates. Thus recommendations were given to focus on capacity building, working condition, status of the tour guide, safety, security and well being of guides.
Composition and source determination of heavy metals (HM) in particles in selected primary schools in Pahang

Composition and concentrations of air pollutants in particles have been shown to have a correlation with differences in mortality counts in different parts of the world. These particles are also able to deteriorate health especially the respiratory system and may lead to mortality. Toxic metals in these particles are associated with respiratory diseases and lung cancer in school children. The effects of HM toxicity are more severe to the schoolchildren as their immune system is not fully developed yet. Thus, this study aims to analyse the HM composition in particles collected inside the classroom during the school days (occupied) and the weekends (vacant), and to determine pattern of HM concentration from particles based on different location backgrounds (residential, industrial and rural). In order to achieve these objectives, the following samplings were done. The particles were simultaneously collected using GilAir-5 air pump sampler (Sensidyne, USA) inside and outside the classrooms. The sampling was done for a minimum of 8 hours. The exposed Mixed Cellulose Ester (MCE) membrane filters (0.8 µm, 37 mm) were digested following the International Standard Test Method (ASTM) for Determination of Elements in Airborne Particulate Matter by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The compositions of metals in particles were determined using ICP-MS NexION™ 300× (PerkinElmer, USA). From the result obtained, concentrations of Al, Zn and Pb inside the classrooms were higher compared to the other elements like Cr, Mg, Cd and Cu. Meanwhile, HM concentration detected in the industrial site was higher compared to the residential and rural sites.
The Continuous Greedy Algorithm

Last meeting, we studied how to maximize a monotone submodular function f subject to a matroid constraint using the pipage rounding technique when f is a sum of weighted rank functions of matroids [1]. The framework is to maximize an extension f̃ of f that is an approximation of the multilinear extension F of f and to then use pipage rounding on F . In this paper, Vondrák [3] shows that instead of maximizing f̃ , we can maximize F directly. The issue with this approach in the framework of [1] is that f̃ can be written as an LP, which can then be maximized easily, however it is not clear how to write an LP formulation for the multilinear relaxation of any submodular function. The solution is to create a continuous greedy process where we slowly move a point inside of the feasible region towards a good solution. This approach, combined with the pipage rounding technique, gives a (1 − 1/e)-approximation for F and for sudmodular maximization subject to any matroid constraint. This result matches the known lower bound of (1−1/e+ ) for any > 0 and generalizing the (1 − 1/e)-approximation of [1] for a sum of weighted rank functions of matroids to any submodular function. In particular, this generalization provides a (1− 1/e)-approximation for the Submodular Welfare Problem in the value oracle model.
Mesospheric sodium over Gadanki during Geminid meteor shower 2007

Resonance LIDAR system at Gadanki has been used for observing the mesospheric sodium during the night of 12-13 Dec 2007 when the peak activity of Geminid meteor shower occurred. Geminid meteor shower is observed along with the co-located MST radar in the altitude range 80-110 km. Sodium density profiles have been obtained with a vertical resolution of 300 m and a temporal resolution of 120 s with sodium resonance scattering LIDAR system. The sodium layers were found to exist in the altitude range 90-100 km. The enhanced Geminid meteor rates were recorded with the co-located MST radar in the same altitude range. The sodium concentration in the atmospheric altitude of ~93 km is estimated to be 2000 per cc where the meteoric concentration of Geminid is maximum and reduced to around 800 on the non activity of Geminid. These observations showed that the sodium levels in the E-region are found to be increasing during meteor shower nights at least by a factor of two.
Foreign Private Investment and Agricultural Production in Nigeria (1986-2006)

Abstract This study seeks to establish the relationship between Foreign Private Investment (FPI) and agricultural production in Nigeria. Secondary data were collected for this purpose from the Central Bank of Nigeria. Data collected were analyzed using both descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The results of the study show a strong positive relationship between FPI and agricultural production. This implies that increase in the inflow of FPI to the agricultural sector will cause 86% change in total agricultural output. The research also revealed that exports of agricultural products will exhibit a positive effect on the level of agricultural productivity. Meaning that commodity prices will rise and agriculture will be made attractive to many farmers to invest into it for enhance large-scale production. Domestic investment has been found from findings to exalt positive effects on agriculture production. The coefficient of government expenditure was found to be negative. By implication, increased government expenditure like subsidies and other unnecessary spending constitute leakages from the agriculture sector and will lead to a decline in agriculture output. The study recommends that the government should create a stable macroeconomic environment for investors in the agricultural sector.
Reduction of the Economic Risk by Adaptation Measures to Alleviate Heat Stress in Confined Buildings for Growing-Fattening Pigs Modelled by a Projection for Central Europe in 2030

Economic risks for livestock production are caused by volatile commodities and market conditions, but also by environmental drivers like increasing uncertainties due to weather anomalies and global warming. These risks impact the gross margin of farmers and can stimulated investment decisions. For confined pig and poultry production, farmers can reduce the environmental impact by implementing specific adaptation measures to reduce heat stress. A simulation model driven by meteorological data was used to calculate heat stress impact as a projection for 2030. For a business-as-usual livestock building, the indoor climate for several adaptation measures was calculated. The weather-related value-at risk quantified the economic risks caused by global warming and the stochastic component of the weather. The results show that only energy-saving adaptation measures to reduce the inlet air temperature are appropriate to reduce the economic risk to the level of the year 1980. The efficiency of other adaptation measures to reduce heat stress is distinctly lower. The results in this study can support the decision making of farmers concerning adaptation management and investments. It can inform agricultural policy design as well as technological development.