Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactive indirect illumination using voxel cone tracing: a preview

Indirect illumination is an important element for realistic image synthesis, but its computation is expensive and highly dependent on the complexity of the scene and of the BRDF of the surfaces involved. While off-line computation and pre-baking can be acceptable for some cases, many applications (games, simulators, etc.) require real-time or interactive approaches to evaluate indirect illumination. In this paper, we present a novel real-time solution that calculates two light bounces - either glossy or diffuse - using a hierarchical voxel representation generated from a regular scene mesh. Our algorithm consists of two steps. First, direct illumination information (energy and direction) is emitted from dynamic area light sources and splatted into the voxel hierarchy, accounting for possible occluders. Secondly, we draw the scene mesh and compute the illumination in the pixel shader by combining the direct illumination and the indirect illumination received from the rest of the scene. For the latter, our approach employs an approximate voxel cone tracing to efficiently collect visibility and light in the hierarchical voxel representation of the scene. Our solution offers real-time and almost geometry-independent performance with a high visual quality for complex scenes with diffuse, as well as glossy surfaces.
Measure , Stochasticity , and theDensity of Hard Languages ( Preliminary Version )

Ogiwara and Watanabe have recently shown that the hypothesis P 6= NP implies that no (polynomially) sparse language is btt-hard for NP. Their technique does not appear to allow signi cant relaxation of either the query bound or the sparseness criterion. It is shown here that a stronger hypothesis | namely, that NP does not have measure 0 in exponential time | implies the stronger conclusion that, for every real < 1, every n tt-hard language for NP is (exponentially) dense. The proof of this fact also yields two absolute results (not involving unproven hypotheses) concerning the structure of exponential time: First, almost every language decidable in exponential time has a stochasticity property, ensuring that it is statistically unpredictable by feasible deterministic algorithms, even with linear nonuniform advice. Second, for < 1, only a measure 0 subset of the languages decidable in exponential time are n tt-reducible to languages that are not exponentially dense. This author's research was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant CCR-9157382, in part by Rockwell International, and in part by DIMACS, where he was a visitor during the rst phase of this work. This author's research, performed while visiting Iowa State University, was supported by a Spanish Government grant, FPI PN90.
Global Daily Discharge Estimation Based on Grid-Scale Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Model and River Routing

Accurate global river discharge estimation is crucial for advancing our scientiﬁc understanding of the global water cycle and supporting various downstream applications. In recent years, data-driven machine learning models, particularly the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model, have shown signiﬁcant promise in estimating discharge. Despite this, the applicability of LSTM models for global river discharge estimation remains largely unexplored. In this study, we diverge from the conventional basin-lumped LSTM modeling in limited basins. For the ﬁrst time, we apply an LSTM on a global 0.25 ° grid, coupling it with a river routing model to estimate river discharge for every river reach worldwide. We rigorously evaluate the performance over 5332 evaluation gauges globally for the period 2000-2020, separate from the training basins and period. The grid-scale LSTM model eﬀectively captures the rainfall-runoﬀ behavior, reproducing global river discharge with high accuracy and achieving a median Kling-Gupta Eﬃciency (KGE) of 0.563. It outperforms an extensively bias-corrected and calibrated benchmark simulation based on the Variable Inﬁltration Capacity (VIC) model, which achieved a median KGE of 0.466. Using the global grid-scale LSTM model, we develop an improved global reach-level daily discharge dataset spanning 1980 to 2020, named GRADES-hydroDL. This dataset is anticipated to be useful for a myriad of applications, including providing prior information for the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission. The dataset is openly available via Globus.
Observations of the Large Magellanic Cloud with Fermi

Context: The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is to date the only normal external galaxy that has been detected in high-energy gamma rays. High-energy gamma rays trace particle acceleration processes and gamma-ray observations allow the nature and sites of acceleration to be studied. Aims: We characterise the distribution and sources of cosmic rays in the LMC from analysis of gamma-ray observations. Methods: We analyse 11 months of continuous sky-survey observations obtained with the Large Area Telescope aboard the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope and compare it to tracers of the interstellar medium and models of the gamma-ray sources in the LMC. Results: The LMC is detected at 33 sigma significance. The integrated >100 MeV photon flux of the LMC amounts to (2.6 +/- 0.2) * 10^-7 ph/cm2/s which corresponds to an energy flux of (1.6 +/- 0.1) * 10^-10 erg/cm2/s, with additional systematic uncertainties of ~16%. The analysis reveals the massive star forming region 30 Doradus as a bright source of gamma-ray emission in the LMC in addition to fainter emission regions found in the northern part of the galaxy. The gamma-ray emission from the LMC shows very little correlation with gas density and is rather correlated to tracers of massive star forming regions. The close confinement of gamma-ray emission to star forming regions suggests a relatively short GeV cosmic-ray proton diffusion length. Conclusions: The close correlation between cosmic-ray density and massive star tracers supports the idea that cosmic rays are accelerated in massive star forming regions as a result of the large amounts of kinetic energy that are input by the stellar winds and supernova explosions of massive stars into the interstellar medium.
Policy on Social Determinants of Children's Oral Health and Health Disparities.

Purpose The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) recognizes the influence of social factors on children’s oral health including access to care, dental disease, behaviors, and oral health inequalities. The AAPD encourages oral health professionals and policymakers to formally acknowledge the role social determinants of health (SDH) have in producing and perpetuating poor oral health and oral health inequalities in children. Moreover, AAPD encourages the implementation of oral health promotion strategies that account for SDH and appropriate clinical management protocols informed by and sensitive to SDH. All relevant stakeholders (e.g., health professionals, researchers, educators, policy makers) are encouraged to develop strategies that incorporate SDH-related knowledge to improve oral health, prevent dental disease, and address oral health inequalities in children.
Feature-Sized Sampling for Vector Line Art

By introducing a first-of-its-kind quantifiable sampling algorithm based on feature size, we present a fresh perspective on the practical aspects of planar curve sampling. Following the footsteps of ε -sampling, which was originally proposed in the context of curve reconstruction to offer provable topological guarantees [ABE98] under quantifiable bounds, we propose an arbitrarily precise ε -sampling algorithm for sampling smooth planar curves (with a prior bound on the minimum feature size of the curve). This paper not only introduces the first such algorithm which provides user-control and quantifiable precision but also highlights the importance of such a sampling process under two key contexts: 1) To conduct a first study comparing theoretical sampling conditions with practical sampling requirements for reconstruction guarantees that can further be used for analysing the upper bounds of ε for various reconstruction algorithms with or without proofs, 2) As a feature-aware sampling of vector line art that can be used for applications such as coloring and meshing.
Willingness to Seek Help for Depression in Young African American Adults: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study

Background: In the United States, among those living with mental illness, 81% of African American (AA) young adults do not seek treatment compared with 66% of their white counterparts. Although the literature has identified unique culturally related factors that impact help seeking among AAs, limited information exists regarding the development and evaluation of interventions that incorporate these unique factors. Objective: This study aims to describe a study protocol designed to develop a culturally relevant, theory-based, psychoeducational intervention for AA young adults; to determine if exposure to the intervention impacts AA young adults’ willingness to seek help; and to determine whether cultural factors and stigma add to the prediction of willingness to seek help. Methods: The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Barrera and Castro’s framework for cultural adaptation of interventions were used as guiding frameworks. In stage 1 (information gathering), a literature review and three focus groups were conducted to identify salient cultural beliefs. Using stage 1 results, the intervention was designed in stage 2 (preliminary adaptation design), and in stage 3 (preliminary adaptation tests), the intervention was tested using pretest, posttest, and 3-month follow-up surveys.
Anchoring, affect, and efﬁciency of sports gaming markets around playoff positioning

We consider the wagering market of National Football League (NFL) and National Basketball Association (NBA) games when participating teams have secured playoff positions. We use both the opening and closing lines (analogous to asset prices) of spread bets to examine if potential “letdown” effects, either psychologically or strategically, are priced. Results demonstrate that the initial opening line consistently provides a proﬁtable strategy for those betting against teams that have clinched positions in the post-season. By the close of the betting cycle, closing lines move in the expected direction as the market partially prices the letdown. Many closing lines tighten to the extent that, after paying commissions, the naïve strategy of betting against clinched teams is less proﬁtable. However, certain wagers, for example betting against NFL teams that have clinched top seeds, are statistically signiﬁcantly economically proﬁtable after paying commissions. These results support the behavioral ﬁnance concepts of anchoring, affect, in addition to lines moving towards efﬁciency. © 2015 Academy of Financial Services. All rights reserved.
Defective Axonal Transport in Motor Neuron Disease

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The effect of mobile retailer app-driven customer participation on bakery purchase behavior: Evidence from a field experiment

This paper empirically examines individual and joint effects of two types of customer participation (CP)—mandatory and replaceable—within a mobile app on bakery purchase behavior. This research conducts a field experiment to track customer decisions on whether to participate in in-app CP events—store loyalty program enrollment and store satisfaction survey—and whether to change their purchasing amount and frequency. After controlling other influencing factors, the authors performed ANOVA with the sample of 19,065 bakery customers’ behavioral decisions. The results confirm that mandatory CP has a positive effect on purchase behavior, while replaceable CP has mixed effects across stores. In addition, the results confirm that customers who engaged in both types of CP increased their purchase amount and frequency, compared to customers who engaged in one type or neither. The study suggests hospitality firms should motivate customers to engage in mandatory and replaceable CP to enhance customer loyalty cost-effectively.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Stars in the Local Galactic Thick Disk and Halo in Gaia EDR3

We present a catalogue of 551 , 214 main-sequence stars in the local ( 𝑑 < 2 kpc) Galactic thick disk and halo, based on a search of stars with large proper motions ( 𝜇 tot > 40 . 0 mas yr − 1 ) in the Gaia Early Data Release 3. We derive photometric metallicity calibrated from the colour-luminosity-metallicity distribution of 20 , 047 stars with spectroscopic metallicities, collected from various spectroscopic surveys, including SDSS SEGUE/APOGEE, GALAH DR3, and LAMOST DR6. We combine these results to construct an empirical colour-magnitude-metallicity grid, which can be used to estimate photometric metallicities for low-mass metal-poor stars of K and M subtypes from their absolute 𝐺 magnitude and colour values. We find that low-mass, high-velocity stars in our catalogue share similar kinematics as reported in recent studies of more luminous Galactic halo stars. The pseudo-kinematic analysis of our sample recovers the main local halo structures, including the Gaia-Enceladus Stream and the Helmi stream; aside from these the local halo stars appear to show a remarkably smooth distribution in velocity space. Since the future Gaia data release will provide radial velocity measurements for only a small number of our sample, our catalogue provides targets of high interest for the future spectroscopic observation programs.
Key problems of stratigraphy in the Eastern Crimea Peninsula: some insights from new dating and structural data

Abstract The tectonic evolution of the Eastern Black Sea Basin has previously been explained based on offshore and onshore data, some of the latter from the Crimean Mountains (CM). However, changes in the stratigraphy of the CM have recently been proposed: the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic Tauric Group was assigned as younger (Albian). To clarify the stratigraphy and the tectonic evolution of this area, we sampled the eastern CM for micropalaeontological datings (nannoplankton). The results demonstrate an Early Cretaceous age for the Tauric Group in the eastern CM. The samples contained substantial amounts of volcanic ash, indicating a period of magmatic activity along all the eastern CM. Our field observations allowed us to propose a new structural map and cross-sections, using which three main tectonic units were distinguished. We define a phase of extension during the Early Cretaceous and one of shortening during the Paleocene–Early Eocene, before the main Middle Eocene limestone unconformity. These two phases are related to: (1) the opening of the Eastern Black Sea Basin along NNW–SSE-trending normal faults and the associated magmatism; and (2) north–south shortening that could be comparable with the inversion in Dobrogea and/or with north–south shortening linked to the collision of continental blocks in the Pontides and Taurides domains.
Sequentially trained, shallow neural networks for real-time 3D odometry

Fourier-domain correlation approaches have been successful in a variety of image comparison approaches but fail when the scenes, patterns, or objects in the images are distorted. Here, we utilize the sequential training of shallow neural networks on Fourier-preprocessed video to infer 3-D movement. The bio-inspired pipeline learns x, y, and z-direction movement from high-frame-rate, low-resolution, Fourier-domain preprocessed inputs (either cross power spectra or phase correlation data). Our pipeline leverages the high sensitivity of Fourier methods in a manner that is resilient to the parallax distortion of a forward-facing camera. Via sequential training over several path trajectories, models generalize to predict the 3-D movement in unseen trajectory environments. Models with no hidden layer are less accurate initially but converge faster with sequential training over different flightpaths. Our results show important considerations and trade-offs between input data preprocessing (compression) and model complexity (convergence).
Effects of Supplementation of Saviotan Feed (Chestnut Tannin) on Blood Parameters and Yolk Cholesterol Concentration in Japanese Quails (Coturnix japonica)

Tannins are secondary metabolites and active compounds widely present in plants. Tannins have several properties, such as astringent, antiparasitic, anti-diarrheal, anti-bacterial, and antioxidant. Hence, plants containing tannins are a major study subject for a natural alternative to in-feed antibiotics or antioxidants. The functions of tannin extracted from chestnut wood, namely Saviotan Feed (SF) in poultry, especially in quails, have not yet been fully understood. The current study aimed to examine the effect of SF supplementation on some plasma metabolites, including glucose (GLU), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCHO) concentration, and yolk cholesterol in quails (Coturnix japonica). A total of 100 unsexed quails were divided into 4 groups, with 25 quails in each group. These quails were then placed into 20 experimental pens, with 5 quails per pen. Each treatment was replicated 5 times, and the quails were fed a commercial rations diet supplemented with different SF doses of 0% (control), 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%. Quails were provided with SF supplementation from 14 to 56 days of age. A sample of 40 plasma and eggs were randomly collected and analyzed for GLU, TG, and TCHO. The results indicated no significant effects of SF on plasma GLU and TG concentration, but a significant effect was found regarding TCHO. Moreover, supplementation of SF from 0.1 to 0.3% significantly decreased TCHO concentration in the yolk. In conclusion, it has been determined that supplementation of SF may play a significant role in decreasing TCHO in yolk eggs in quails.
Further effects of forage on greenhouse gases estimated by DairyCant for dairy farms

Silage corn is a fodder with high starch content, organic matter and digestible fibre, and low nitrogen. From an environmental perspective, its use helps to reduce the volume of manure and N (Salcedo, 2011), emissions of NH3 (Merino et al., 2008), N2O (Arriaga et al., 2010), enteric CH4 (Vellinga and Hovingy, 2010), carbon footprint (Nguyen et al., 2013) and increases nitrogen recovered in milk with respect to intake (Arriaga et al., 2009; Dewhurst, 2013). The aim of this study was to estimate whether the partial substitution of pasture (surface) and grass (feed) by forages with known production and nutritive potential (maize or maize and Lolium multiflorum) and higher input needs (seeds, fertilizers, etc.) can contribute to reducing emissions of CO2-eq/kg of milk, using the simulation model DairyCant 1.0 (Salcedo and Perez, 2014).
Effects of Pedometer-Based Step-Feedback on Physical Activity of Severe COPD Patients

Purpose This study investigated whether adding step-feedback (step-FB) from a pedometer to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs could increase the physical activity (PA) of low-activity patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients and Methods We included low-activity patients with severe COPD (step-FB group: 14 patients; control group: 17 patients) who underwent PR for the first time. The usual PR program for patients with severe COPD consisted of two 8-week sessions (PR session 1: PR1, PR session 2: PR2). The step-FB group was provided a program with step-FB added to PR2 (PR2+step-FB). Furthermore, all patients were evaluated at pre-intervention (baseline), PR1, and PR2. The primary outcome of this study was the number of daily steps (steps) and energy expenditure from activity (energy expenditure), as measured by a pedometer. The secondary outcomes were dyspnea and exercise tolerance. Results In PR1, dyspnea, exercise tolerance, steps, and energy expenditure were significantly improved as compared to baseline, in both groups. During PR2, dyspnea and exercise tolerance were significantly improved as compared to PR1, in both groups. Steps and energy expenditure were significantly improved in the step-FB group, but not in the control group. Conclusion PR improved PA by improving physical function in severe COPD patients. Adding step-FB improved PA in severe COPD patients by presenting an activity goal for improving PA. Therefore, pedometer-based step-FB is a viable addition to PR and has the potential to improve PA continuously in these patients.
Irrigation and nitrogen fertility influences on plant water relations, biomass, and nutrient accumulation and distribution in banana cv. Robusta

SummaryThe effects of scheduling irrigations at four soil matric potentials under three levels of N fertilization on plant water relations, biomass accumulation and distribution and nutrient concentration in crops of banana (cv. Robusta) were investigated from 1984 to 1986. Plants receiving the most frequent irrigation, when the soil matric potential at 15 cm depth reached −25 kPa maintained significantly higher leaf water potential and osmotic potential, accumulated more biomass and nutrients, and produced higher yield than those which were irrigated at −65 and −85 kPa. However, the differences between irrigations scheduled at −25 and −45 kPa were not significant. Decreasing frequency of irrigation decreased evapotranspiration (ET) but increased N concentration in the dry matter and the water use efficiency (WUE). Effects of irrigation frequency on P, K, Ca and Mg concentrations in the dry matter were fairly small and varied with plant part and time of sampling, and there seemed to be no evidence that in.
Post-Epidemic Economic Risk Prevention and Public Management Suggestions Based on Supply Chain Analysis Model

This paper analyzes the main problems and difﬁculties faced by the economy of Fujian province after the epidemic, and probes into the effective countermeasures to accelerate the improvement of Fujian province’s economy through many ﬁelds investigations inside and outside Fujian province. Team is the purpose of the investigation research in relevant factors of industrial development in Fujian Province, assist the governments at all levels to develop guidance and the support policy, optimize the businessenvironment. Theresearch team introduced an analysis model for the upstream and downstream of the supply chain, and with the help of the super computing power of the provincial Cloud Computing Engineering Center, based on industrial big data and artiﬁcial intelligence algorithm analysis, put forward several suggestions for the Fujian economy after the epidemic, and won the recognition of relevant government departments. This paper focuses on the Research on post-epidemic economic risk prevention and public management suggestions based on supply chain analysis model. After thorough investigation and analysis, the research group put forward several feasible schemes.