Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review of recent developments in tidal hydrodynamic modeling. II: Turbulence energy models

The second part of this review deals with three-dimensional tidal models for homogeneous and stratified sea regions in which the vertical eddy viscosity and diffusivity are computed from turbulence energy submodels. The formulation of a range of turbulence energy models is presented, and the solution of the three-dimensional equations using finite difference methods in the vertical on a number of transformed grid (log, log-linear) is described. The application of turbulence energy models is illustrated using results from a three-dimensional model of tides in the Irish Sea. A comparison of computed tidal current profiles determined using a two-equation turbulence closure model with those derived using a simple flow-dependent eddy viscosity model, and with observations, did not reveal any significant differences between the models. Recent work on the effect of stable stratification on turbulence energy and tidal currents is also considered, as this is the more critical test of the accuracy of turbulence energy models. Processes influencing the internal tide generation in regions of steep topography are also examined using the three-dimensional turbulence energy model with a prognostic density field. The role of the nonlinear terms in the generation of short internal waves at the top of the shelf break, and intense surface and bed mixing in this region is examined together with the effects of an upwelling and downwelling favorable wind.
Population responses of common lizards inside a predator-free dryland sanctuary

: Predator-free sanctuaries can assist the conservation of multiple endemic species, but quantitative evidence of these benefits is often lacking, especially for herpetofauna. We measured population responses of three common lizard species (schist geckos, Woodworthia ‘ Central Otago’; McCann’s skinks, Oligosoma maccanni ; and southern grass skinks, O. aff. polychroma Clade 5) 1 year before and 5 years after mammalian predators were removed inside a mammal-proof fence in a dry grass/shrubland habitat with abundant schist rock in Central Otago, New Zealand. Gecko counts in 25 artificial retreats (ARs) along replicated, 250-m long transects inside the fence increased from 5.2 to 17.7 per transect, compared with 3.3 to 5.4 per transect outside the fence where predators were present. This indicates a doubling of counts inside the fence when changes outside the fence are accounted for. The number of skinks seen along these transects increased from 1.3 to 2.3 per transect without predators, compared with 0.6 to 0.4 with predators. Lizard tracking tunnel indices (recorded only after predators were removed) were significantly higher without predators (62% geckos, 42% skinks) than where predators were present (12% geckos, 2% skinks). Tail loss in geckos was significantly higher where predators were present (24%) than where they were absent (1%). These data suggest that common lizard species are being suppressed to a significant degree by mammalian predators and demonstrate the potential for their recovery where predators are removed.
Timing and kinematics of deformation in the Malaguide Complex, internal zone of the Betic Cordillera, southeast Spain

The Betic Cordillera of southern Spain forms the westernmost of the Mediterranean Alpine orogenic belts and is divided, traditionally, into Internal and External Zones. In the External Zone fold and thrust belt, unmetamorphosed cover rocks of the Iberian margin were deformed from the early Miocene onward. In contrast, Internal Zone rocks are dominantly metamorphic and are generally assumed to have been deformed and metamorphosed in an Alpine event resulting from Late Cretaceous/Palaeogene convergence between Africa and Europe. In the Sierra Espuna, at the northern edge of the Internal Zone in the Eastern Betics, the uniquely preserved Permo-Triassic to Miocene stratigraphy of the unmetamorphosed Malaguide Complex, offers a rare opportunity to date the Internal Zone deformation. Kinematic data, thrust geometries and structural facing of folds suggest that the imbricate thrust stack of Malaguide rocks formed as a result of NNW-directed motion, within present geographical coordinates. A fossilized front to this thrust stack, preserved beneath a thick sequence of Oligocene conglomerates, indicates that the timing of the thrust deformation is late Eocene in age. Deformation propagated into the foreland basin in the late Oligocene with renewed thrusting. Subsequently, the whole stack has been folded into a N-NW vergent regional recumbent fold, the Espuna fold, during the early Miocene.
The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning: Principles for Reducing Extraneous Processing in Multimedia Learning : Coherence, Signaling, Redundancy, Spatial Contiguity, and Temporal Contiguity Principles

Abstract Extraneous overload occurs when essential cognitive processing (required to understand the essential material in a multimedia message) and extraneous cognitive processing (required to process extraneous material or to overcome confusing layout in a multimedia message) exceeds the learner's cognitive capacity. Five multimedia design methods intended to minimize extraneous overload are the coherence, signaling, redundancy, spatial contiguity, and temporal contiguity principles. The coherence principle is that people learn more deeply from a multimedia message when extraneous material is excluded rather than included. This principle was supported in 10 out of 11 experimental tests, yielding a median effect size of 1.32. The signaling principle is that people learn more deeply from a multimedia message when cues are added that highlight the organization of the essential material. This principle was supported in three out of three experimental tests, yielding a median effect size of 0.60. The redundancy principle is that people learn more deeply from graphics and narration than from graphics, narration, and on-screen text. This principle was supported in 10 out of 10 experimental tests, yielding a median effect size of 0.69. The spatial contiguity principle is that people learn more deeply from a multimedia message when corresponding words and pictures are presented near rather than far from each other on the page or screen. This principle was supported in eight out of eight experimental tests, yielding a median effect size of 1.11. The temporal contiguity principle is that people learn more deeply from a multimedia message when corresponding animation and narration are presented simultaneously rather than successively.
Update of Potential Biomarkers in Risk Prediction and Monitoring of Atherosclerosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic connective tissue disease associated with an increased risk of premature atherosclerosis. It is estimated that approximately 10% of SLE patients develop significant atherosclerosis each year, which is responsible for premature cardiovascular disease that is largely asymptomatic. This review summarizes the most recent reports from the past few years on biomarkers of atherosclerosis in SLE, mainly focusing on immune markers. Persistent chronic inflammation of the vascular wall is an important cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events related to endothelial dysfunction, cell proliferation, impaired production and function of nitric oxide and microangiopathic changes. Studies on pathogenic immune mediators involved in atherosclerosis will be crucial research avenues for preventing CVD.
Validation of Sentinel-2/MSI water reflectance and water quality products in the turbid waters of Río de la Plata estuary using fixed automated hyperspectral in situ observations

Estimating water quality variables from satellite images requires an accurate estimation of the water reflectances (ρw) which mainly depends on the performance of the atmospheric correction applied. The highly turbid waters of the Río de la Plata estuary represent a challenge and an ideal scenario to test atmospheric correction algorithm performance. In December 2021 the hyperspectral radiometer HYPSTAR (HYperspectral Pointable System for Terrestrial and Aquatic Radiometry) with a pointing system and auxiliary sensors has been deployed at the end of a 1.1 km long jetty in the turbid waters of Río de la Plata, 60 km south of Buenos Aires (Argentina). This site is strategically located between a water intake and the active commercial harbour of La Plata city where intense phytoplankton blooms (including toxic Cyanobacteria) have been recorded frequently since 2020 presenting human health risks and causing temporal problems to the water intake site. The MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) on board of Sentinel-2 mission provides high spatial resolution data which can be relevant for monitoring water quality parameters, like turbidity and chlorophyll-a concentration, around this site. In this study six month of automated hyperspectral in situ observations have been used to evaluate the standard Sen2Cor (SNAP) and the alternative DSF (ACOLITE) atmospheric correction algorithms for MSI. Furthermore, using in situ measurements collected during several field campaigns, a global turbidity algorithm and regionally tuned chlorophyll-a algorithms for S2/MSI bands have been evaluated and then applied to the S2/MSI time series showing its potential for water quality monitoring.
Crustal structure and fluid distribution beneath the southern part of the Hidaka collision zone revealed by 3‐D electrical resistivity modeling

The Hidaka collision zone, where the Kurile and northeastern (NE) Japan arcs collide, provides a useful study area for elucidating the processes of arc‐continent evolution and inland earthquakes. To produce an image of the collision structure and elucidate the mechanisms of anomalously deep inland earthquakes such as the 1970 Hidaka earthquake (M6.7), we conducted magnetotelluric observations and generated a three‐dimensional resistivity distribution in the southern part of the Hidaka collision zone. The modeled resistivity was characterized by a high resistivity area in the upper crust of the Kurile arc corresponding to metamorphic rocks. The model also showed conductive zones beneath the center of the collision zone. The boundary between the resistive and conductive areas corresponds geometrically to the Hidaka main thrust, which is regarded as the arc‐arc boundary. The correspondence supports the collision model that the upper‐middle part of crust in the Kurile arc is obducting over the NE Japan arc. The conductive areas were interpreted as fluid‐filled zones associated with collision processes and upwelling of dehydrated fluid from the subducting Pacific slab. The fluid flow possibly contributes to over‐pressurized conduction that produces deep inland earthquakes. We also observed a significant conductive anomaly beneath the area of Horoman peridotite, which may be related to the uplift of mantle materials to the surface.
A new species of Begonia section Baryandra from Zamboanga Peninsula, Southwestern Philippines

A new species of Begonia sect. Baryandra, B. sebodensis, from Zamboanga del Norte, southwestern Philippines is described and illustrated. Begonia sebodensis is morphologically similar to B. anisoptera in obliquely ovate to widely ovate leaves, four-tepaled staminate and pistillate flowers and three locular ovary but differs in glabrescent stipules, sericeous petioles, leaf margins distantly serrate and ciliate, many-flowered inflorescences, capsule wings subequal and flat. Following IUCN criteria, we propose B. sebodensis as Endangered (EN).
Sepsis Management in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit

Septic shock management in the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) is challenging due to the complex interaction of pathophysiology between vasodilatory and cardiogenic shock, complicating how to optimally deploy fluid resuscitation, vasopressors, and mechanical circulatory support devices. Because mixed shock portends high mortality and morbidity, familiarity with quality, contemporary clinical evidence surrounding available therapeutic tools is needed to address the resultant wide range of complications that can arise. This review integrates pathophysiology principles and clinical recommendations to provide an organized, topic-based review of the nuanced intricacies of managing sepsis in the CICU.
THE INFLUENCE OF WORKLOAD AND INTELLECTUALS ON THE WORK ETHIC OF PT. MEGA BINTANG MAS MEDAN

This research was conducted on employees who work at PT. Mega Bintang Mas Medan. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the influence of workload and intellectuality on the work ethic of employees. The population and sample in this study amounted to 31 people. The sampling technique used is saturated. Data collection techniques are by distributing questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis. The conclusion in the study that simultaneously workload and intellectual have a positive and significant effect on the work ethic of employees of PT. Mega Bintang Mas Medan. Partially, the workload affects the work ethic of the employees of PT. Mega Bintang Mas Medan. Partially, intellectuals do not have a positive and significant effect on the work ethic of the employees of PT. Mega Bintang Mas Medan. The magnitude of the coefficient of determination can be seen from the value of Adjusted R Square is: 0.330 means Workload and Intellectuals are able to explain the work ethic of employees by 33.0% while the remaining 67.0% is influenced by variables not examined such as: organizational culture, work environment, motivation work, and so on.
Biomarkers in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis

Abstract Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by vascular damage, vasoinstability, and decreased perfusion with ischemia, inflammation, and exuberant fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Biomarkers are analytic indicators of the biological and disease processes within an individual that can be accurately and reproducibly measured. The field of biomarkers in SSc is complex as recent studies have implicated at least 240 pathways and dysregulated proteins in SSc pathogenesis. Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) are classical biomarkers with well-described clinical classifications and are present in more than 90% of SSc patients and include anti-centromere, anti-Th/To, anti-RNA polymerase III, and anti-topoisomerase I antibodies. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is central to the fibrotic process of SSc and is intimately intertwined with other biomarkers. Tyrosine kinases, interferon-1 signaling, IL-6 signaling, endogenous thrombin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), lysophosphatidic acid receptors, and amino acid metabolites are new biomarkers with the potential for developing new therapeutic agents. Other biomarkers implicated in SSc-ILD include signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4), CD226 (DNAX accessory molecule 1), interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5), interleukin-1 receptor–associated kinase-1 (IRAK1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1), T-cell surface glycoprotein zeta chain (CD3ζ) or CD247, the NLR family, SP-D (surfactant protein), KL-6, leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG1), CCL19, genetic factors including DRB1 alleles, the interleukins (IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 IL-13, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18, IL-22, IL-32, and IL-35), the chemokines CCL (2,3,5,13,20,21,23), CXC (8,9,10,11,16), CX3CL1 (fractalkine), and GDF15. Adiponectin (an indicator of PPAR activation) and maresin 1 are reduced in SSc patients. A new trend has been the use of biomarker panels with combined complex multifactor analysis, machine learning, and artificial intelligence to determine disease activity and response to therapy. The present review is an update of the various biomarker molecules, pathways, and receptors involved in the pathology of SSc.
Assessment of SRTM, ICESat, and Survey Control Monument Elevations in Canada

The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) has provided homogeneous and highly accurate data for Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). It is important to realize that the SRTM DEM represents the Earth’s surface (vegetation, snow) as seen by a C-band SAR in February 2000 and not necessarily the bare terrain. The accuracy of the DEMs depends on various factors including the terrain roughness/slope, land-cover, snow/ice, and vegetation. Herein, an accuracy assessment of the C-band SRTM DEM is performed through comparisons with independent elevation data obtained from the laser altimetry mission ICESat (4.7 million footprints) and terrestrial height information at 33,000 survey control monuments in Alberta, Canada. Temporal elevation changes due to snow cover and vegetation are considered and presented for the provinces of Quebec and Alberta. The analysis focuses on both data and datum issues, which are required to provide a realistic assessment of the achievable accuracy.
Woodland Owners Motivations for Involvement in Landscape Scale Forest Stewardship

Woodland Owners Motivations for Involvement in Landscape Scale Forest Stewardship Ana Maria Erazo West Virginia is mainly covered by forest, most of which is in the hands of private forest (PF) owners. The decisions taken about the management o f these properties affect the landscape beyond their parcel boundaries. These forests prov ide ecological services to society, timber products and recreation. Keeping the forest health y nd productive is very important for the common good. Threats related to development parcel ization, invasive species and pests are some of the challenges when trying to maintain fore st coverage in WV. To be able to face these challenges it is necessary to plan at a wider scale th n the individual parcel. Landscape scale forest stewardship has been thought of as a way to manage the forest in a multiple tenure scenario. Cross boundary collaboration and public –private partnerships are necessary to move in the direction of large scale forest management. Understanding the attitudes, actions and motivations of PF owners is critical to success in th s task. In this study we conducted a public opinion survey in five diverse areas of West Virginia located along the primary inter-state transportation corrid ors. This research was designed using similar methodology to a study by Finley et al. (2006), to identify the attitudes, motivations and barriers to cross-boundary cooperation of private forest own ers in the selected areas. We conducted a survey that gave 293 usable responses. Using Princ ipal Component Analysis and Logistic Regression, four significant predictors for willing ness to participate in cooperative activities were obtained: 1) education, 2) management activiti es conducted in woodland properties, 3) sharing property, and 4) the barrier “no cooperatio n benefits. ” Also, two dependent variables “market jointly” and “walking tour” to measure the interest of PF owners in engaging with neighbors in education and planning were obtained. Findings suggest that those with a college degree or higher had more than twice the odds of be ing willing to participate in cooperative activities, those interested in “share” had five t imes the odds of being interested in cooperative activities than those than were not. Private fores t owners doing management activities on their properties were more inclined to participate in coo perative activities. The barrier “no cooperation benefits” produced odds ratio less than one for both cooperative activity variables suggesting those with an unfavorable view of crossboundary benefits are less willing to collaborate with neighbors.
May 09, 2020 Field efficacy of four anthelmintics and confirmation of drug-resistant nematodes by controlled efficacy test and pyrosequencing on a sheep and goat

We describe a case of anthelmintic resistance on one of the largest organic small rumi- nant farms in Denmark. The ﬂock was established in 2007 by purchase of animals from other Danish farms and had history of clinical parasitism, high mortality of young stock and anthelmintic treatment failure. In October 2011, 40 lambs and 40 kids were selected for a faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) with fenbendazole (FBZ), ivermectin (IVM), moxidectin (MOX) and levamisole (LEV). Lambs were treated with the recommended sheep dose of each product while kids received the sheep dose of IVM, 1.5 × sheep dose of MOX and 2 × sheep dose of FBZ and LEV. Untreated lambs and kids were also included and three methods for calculating faecal egg count (FEC) reduction were compared. In a subsequent investigation, a controlled efﬁcacy test (CET) with FBZ and IVM was performed in lambs infected with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis isolated from adult goats on the farm. Recovered specimens of H. contortus were subjected to pyrosequencing for detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to benzimidazole (BZ) resistance. During the FECRT, FECs in untreated lambs dropped signiﬁcantly by 47%. No FEC reduction was detected in untreated kids. After FBZ treatments, FEC reductions in lambs and kids ranged from 15 to 54% and 49–56%, respectively, according to the different calculation methods. Post IVM treatments, FEC reductions in lambs and kids varied between 71–90% and 81–83%, correspondingly. LEV and MOX reduced FECs by 98–100% in both species. In the CET, FBZ reduced H. contortus worm counts by 52–56% and no reduction in T. colubriformis counts were detected after treatment. IVM eliminated 100% of H. contortus and reduced T. colubriformis counts by 84–92%, according to different calculation methods. Pyrosequencing of isolated H. contortus revealed increased frequencies of the BZ resistance-related SNP in codon 200 of the (cid:2) -tubulin isotype 1 gene. Frequency of BZ resistance-related SNPs in codons 167 and 198 were very low and did not exceed levels as obtained in the of four anthelmintics and of drug-resistant nematodes by controlled test on a susceptible reference isolate. Anthelmintic resistance was conﬁrmed in this recently estab- lished organic farm and low ﬁeld efﬁcacy of FBZ was veriﬁed by CET and pyrosequencing. BZ-resistant populations of H. contortus and T. colubriformis were isolated for the ﬁrst time in Denmark. Problems with correct dosing of goats, the observed FEC reduction in untreated lambs and the relevance of including a control group in the FECRT are discussed. © 2014 The Authors. Published by B.V. This is an open access article the CC (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).