Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Exploratory Study of Airbnb Customer Reviews and Impact of COVID - 19

AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF AIRBNB CUSTOMER REVIEWS AND IMPACT OF COVID 19 Gopika Malik M.S. Business Administration, Delhi University M.S. Applied Data Analytics, Appalachian State University Chairperson: Lakshmi Iyer, Ph.D. Airbnb has experienced meteoric growth in the sharing economy business model since it launched in 2009. The Airbnb business model helps exploit underutilized assets and helps travelers stay in a home away from home to fulfill their travel needs at a much cheaper cost. Due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the operations impacted the overall decline in Airbnb activity. The depth study of how Airbnb activity and the rental market have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic using the comprehensive record of Airbnb listings, calendar, and reviews data. It will help understand how hard the business model is impacted by the pandemic. We propose an analytical framework of natural language processing on the text data of reviews left by the customers based on their experience with the property and host. Airbnb properties from the top five cities where Airbnb has the highest demand rate across the United States were considered for the research. The study found that COVID-19 had a catastrophic impact on the sector leading to massive cancellations and recorded low bookings with adverse effects on annual accommodations bookings for 2020
Isolierte Radiuskopffraktur

Zusammenfassung Der Radiuskopf nimmt für die funktionelle Anatomie von Ellenbogen und Unterarm eine zentrale Rolle ein. Er stellt neben den Seitenbändern und dem Processus coronoideus einen wichtigen Stabilisator des Ellenbogengelenks dar. Entsprechend der Bedeutung des Radiuskopfs für die Funktion des Ellenbogengelenks ist eine differenzierte Therapie der Radiuskopffraktur unabdingbar. In diesem Artikel sollen sowohl Diagnostik als auch Klassifikation der Radiuskopffraktur, Behandlungsalgorithmen und Techniken der Rekonstruktion in Abhängigkeit der Frakturmorphologie dargestellt werden.
GENERATION OF COLLECTIVE-ACTIVITY STRUCTURES IN A HOMOGENEOUS NEURON-LIKE MEDIUM II: DYNAMICS OF PROPAGATING AND PULSATING STRUCTURES

The correspondence between a general model of the neuron-like medium with a self-consistent activation threshold and a broad class of active two-component ("activator-inhibitor") diffusion systems is established. The transformation of static collective-activity structures into dynamical (propagating and pulsating) structures is investigated for two types of active systems with positive and negative diffusion.
Automatic marker generation for watershed segmentation of natural images

Automatic marker selection for watershed segmentation is a difficult problem. Most of the existing procedures are intended for specific application fields and usually require some prior knowledge about the problem at hand. A simple and general method for generating markers is proposed. The markers are obtained from the splitting of the three-dimensional (3D) colour histogram of the image and imposed as minima for watershed segmentation. The method has been tested on natural images from the Berkeley segmentation dataset (BSDS500), showing results comparable with the state-of-the-art segmentation algorithms.
A moving horizon estimation approach to constrained linear system with uncertain model

In the framework of moving horizon strategy, a robust estimation problem is formulated as a min-max problem subject to system dynamics and constraints on state and disturbance. In this paper two algorithms of the state estimation for the constrained linear system with an uncertain model are presented. First, we present an approximate recursive covariance matrix for the min-max problem with moving horizon N=1. Then a new recursive covariance matrix algorithm for the worst-case of the uncertain system is discussed and the covariance matrix is proved bounded for the unconstrained linear system. Simulation results show that the robust moving horizon estimation proposed in this paper is effective for constrained linear systems with uncertain model.
Spectral algorithm for the analysis of flows in grooved channels

A grid‐less, spectrally accurate algorithm for the analysis of flows in grooved channels is presented. The algorithm is based on the immersed boundary conditions concept, where the boundary conditions are submerged inside the computational domain and are treated as internal constraints. When grooves' ridges are orthogonal to the flow direction (transverse grooves), the flow remains two‐dimensional. As the grooves rotate away from this direction, the flow becomes three‐dimensional. An auxiliary coordinate system is defined in such a way that one of its axes is aligned with the grooves. It is shown that the governing equations expressed in this system decouple into a two‐dimensional flow across the grooves and a flow in the direction along the grooves, resulting in improved solution efficiencies. Fourier series are used for discretization in the direction transverse to the grooves and Chebyshev expansions for the direction across the channel. Special solvers that take advantage of the matrix structure have been implemented providing a significant acceleration of computation and reduction of memory requirements. Various tests have been conducted in order to illustrate the performance of the algorithm, to show its spectral accuracy and to characterize the effects of various numerical and physical parameters. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semiparametric inference for survival models with step process covariates

The authors consider Bayesian methods for fitting three semiparametric survival models, incorporating time‐dependent covariates that are step functions. In particular, these are models due to Cox [Cox ( 1972 ) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 34, 187–208], Prentice & Kalbfleisch and Cox & Oakes [Cox & Oakes ( 1984 ) Analysis of Survival Data, Chapman and Hall, London]. The model due to Prentice & Kalbfleisch [Prentice & Kalbfleisch ( 1979 ) Biometrics, 35, 25–39], which has seen very limited use, is given particular consideration. The prior for the baseline distribution in each model is taken to be a mixture of Polya trees and posterior inference is obtained through standard Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. They demonstrate the implementation and comparison of these three models on the celebrated Stanford heart transplant data and the study of the timing of cerebral edema diagnosis during emergency room treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in children. An important feature of their overall discussion is the comparison of semi‐parametric families, and ultimate criterion based selection of a family within the context of a given data set. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 37: 60–79; © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada
Ergodic Theorems for Group Actions: Informational and Thermodynamical Aspects

Preface. Notations. Introduction. 1: Means and averageable functions. 2: Ergodicity and mixing. 3: Averaging sequences. Universal ergodic theorems. 4: Mean ergodic theorems. 5: Maximal and dominated ergodic theorems. 6. Pointwise ergodic theorems. 7. Ergodic theorems for homogeneous random measures. 8: Specific informational and thermodynamical characteristics of homogeneous random fields. Appendix. References. Index.
EXPLANATION AND CAUSATION*

Wesley Salmon's important new book takes up where his [1970] statistical relevance theory of explanation left off. Salmon [1970] rejected both halves of Hempel's [1965] symmetry thesis between explanation and prediction. Salmon argued that a theory can explain an event it says was very improbable (so not every explanation is a potential prediction); he also tried to show why some predictions are not potential explanations. The positive account underwriting these two conclusions was the idea that the explanation of an event must assemble all and only those events that are statistically relevant to it. A rationale offered for this suggestion was that statistical relevance and causal relevance are the same; the statistical relevance theory was an attempt to give substance to the idea that explanation proceeds by uncovering causes. Salmon subsequently realised that statistical relevance is not the tool he had hoped it would be. Statistical relevance and causal relevance are different. In the present work, Salmon retains a revised version of the statistical relevance idea, though it now is demoted in importance. Salmon's new theory has two levels. The statistical relevance 'basis' sets the stage for a separate and overtly causal analysis of the processes that produced the event in question. Indeed, the demotion may be even more extreme than this. Although statistical relevance is sometimes described as an essential part of the whole, at other times Salmon follows Humphreys [1981] in thinking that facts about statistical relevance may be quite unnecessary (p. 265); at still other times, he suggests that the statistical relevance basis is merely evidence for the causal story (p. 192) and this would suggest that it is not an essential part of an ideally complete explanation at all. Whatever the exact relation is between these two levels, it is quite clear that the main
Interactive Haptics and Display for Viscoelastic Solids

This thesis describes a way of modeling viscoelasticity in deformable solids for interactive haptic and display purposes. The model is based on elastostatic deformation characterized by a discrete Green’s function matrix, which is extended using a viscoelastic add-on. The underlying idea is to replace the linear, time-independent relationships between the matrix entries, force, and displacement with non-linear, time-dependent relationships. A general framework is given, in which different viscoelastic models can be devised. One such model based on physical measurements is discussed in detail. Finally, the details and results of a system that implements this model are described.
Transduodenale Papillenresektion

Zusammenfassung Einleitung: In Abhängigkeit von Größe und Befundausdehnung kann eine Papillenresektion endoskopisch oder offen-chirurgisch durchgeführt werden. Im Folgenden wird die offene transduodenale Resektion dargestellt. Indikation: Die chirurgische Papillenresektion ist für sämtliche benigne Läsionen indiziert. Vor allem bei fehlender Möglichkeit einer endoskopischen Abtragung, aber auch bei Malignitätsverdacht oder in palliativer Intention ist das offene Vorgehen eine gute Option. Operationsverfahren: Das Duodenum wird mittels Kocher-Manöver mobilisiert. Eine simultane Cholezystektomie kann das Aufsuchen der Papille durch antegrade Sondierung des Gallengangs erleichtern. Das Duodenum wird mittels Längsduodenotomie eröffnet. Nach Identifikation der Papille und des Tumors folgt die Instillation von Epinephrinlösung zur Exposition von Tumor und Schleimhaut. Die Schleimhaut wird zirkumferenziell in einem Abstand von 5–10 mm um den Tumor inzidiert. Das Ausmaß der Resektion richtet sich nach der präoperativen und intraoperativen Ausdehnung des Befundes; es kann sowohl eine submukosale als auch eine Vollwandresektion (für transmurale Tumoren) durchgeführt werden. Nach submukosaler Resektion wird die duodenale Schleimhaut an die Papille readaptiert. In Fällen einer Vollwandresektion ist zunächst die Vereinigung des Pankreas- und Gallengangs notwendig, anschließend wird dieser ganze Komplex mit der Duodenalwand anastomasiert. In einigen Fällen ist die separate Einnaht von Pankreas- und Gallengang notwendig. Eine abschließende Kontrolle der Gangdurchgängigkeit sollte erfolgen. Die Duodenotomie wird verschlossen und eine lokale Drainage platziert. Zusammenfassung: Die transduodenale Papillenresektion stellt eine adäquate und stadiengerechte Therapie von benignen und prämalignen Läsionen dar. Je nach Befundausdehnung und Anatomie kann das Verfahren technisch anspruchsvoll sein.
A modified weighted bit-flipping algorithm for LDPC codes

In this paper, a modified weighted bit-flipping (WBF) algorithm is proposed for finite geometry low-density parity-check (FG-LDPC) codes. The calculation for the flipping function in the new method includes all the elements in sum product algorithm (SPA) instead of the minimum one in most existing methods. Simulation results show that the proposed method exhibits better performance than the best method available in the literature so far. The performances of different algorithms are also considered in random constructed LDPC codes. The reliability ratio based WBF (RRWBF) method performs the best in this kind of codes and the proposed method performs very closely to the RRWBF method. The decoding complexities for both FG-LDPC and random constructed LDPC are also analyzed.
HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF GASEOUS FLOW IN LONG MINI- AND MICROTUBES

A numerical procedure which solves the compressible boundary-layer equations is used to study the heat transfer characteristics of gaseous laminar and turbulent flows in mini- and microtubes. Uniform wall heat flux and isothermal wall boundary conditions are simulated. The numerical results show that when the tube diameter is large and the Reynolds number is small, the numerically predicted Nusselt numbers agree with conventional correlations. As the tube diameter gets small and the Reynolds number gets large, the heat transfer characteristics become quite different from those given by the conventional correlations. The reasons for the differences can be explained satisfactorily by the compressibility and the accompanying strong expansion process of the gas along the longitudinal axis. The parabolic character of the boundary-layer equations renders the numerical procedure a very efficient, accurate, and robust tool for studying compressible microtube flows. It took less than 3 min for this numerical procedure to run a typical case on a Pentium IV 2.4 G PC and is at least two to three orders of magnitude faster than the full Navier-Stokes simulations.
Solar wind induced torque on the Sun

The torque on the sun is determined by the solution of the equations of motion of the solar wind, taking rotation and magnetic forces into consideration. Through the solutions it is shown that the torque is the same as that calculated by assuming rigid body rotation of the corona out to the radius, at which the solar wind velocity is equal to the Alfven velocity, and flow with constant angular momentum thereafter. It is also shown that most of the torque is not the result of co-rotation, but it is primarily the product of electromagnetic radiation of angular momentum. The results are consistent with the torque derived by Brandt [1966] from comet tail deflections if one assumes that comet tails are deflected by the total momentum flux in the solar wind rather than by the particle momentum flux alone.
Fermi-level pinning at conjugated polymer interfaces

Photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to map out energy level alignment of conjugated polymers at various organic-organic and hybrid interfaces. Specifically, we have investigated the hole-injection interface between the substrate and light-emitting polymer. Two different alignment regimes have been observed: (i) Vacuum-level alignment, which corresponds to the lack of vacuum-level offsets (Schottky–Mott limit) and (ii) Fermi-level pinning, where the substrate Fermi level and the positive polaronic level of the polymer align. The observation is rationalized in terms of spontaneous charge transfer whenever the substrate Fermi level exceeds the positive polaron/bipolaron formation energy per particle. The charge transfer leads to the formation of an interfacial dipole, as large as 2.1 eV.
Knoblauch zur Gesunderhaltung

Seit dem Altertum bis heute wird Knoblauch als Nahrungsund Heilmittel verwendet. Aus dem in weißem Knoblauch enthaltenen Alliin entstehen flüchtige Geruchsstoffe, die ausgedünstet werden. Durch Reifung über 2 Jahre in alkoholischer Lösung („Gereifter Knoblauch“, engl. aged garlic) oder Fermentieren (Behandlung durch Hitze und Feuchtigkeit, „Schwarzer Knoblauch“, engl. black garlic) werden die fettlöslichen Geruchsstoffe in wasserlösliche Stoffe umgewandelt, die über die Nieren ausgeschieden werden. Bei beiden Verfahren wird S-Allylcystein zur Leitsubstanz. „Gereifter Knoblauch“ und „Schwarzer Knoblauch“ enthalten neben dem S-Allylcystein noch weitere wirksamkeitsmitbestimmende Inhaltsstoffe. Geruchsbildende Stoffe entstehen nach dem Konsum dieser Zubereitungen nicht. In diesem ersten von drei Beiträgen wird die Phytochemie beschrieben unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der der antioxidativen Wirkung von Schwarzem Knoblauch zugrunde liegenden Inhaltsstoffe.
Angular clustering in the Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey

We measure the angular correlation function of radio galaxies selected by the 843-MHz Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey (SUMSS). We find that the characteristic imprint of large-scale structure is clearly detectable and that the survey is very uniform. Through comparison with similar analyses for other wide-area radio surveys ‐ the 1400MHz National Radio Astronomy Observatories Very Large Array Sky Survey (NVSS) and the 325-MHz Westerbork Northern Sky Survey ‐ we are able to derive consistent angular clustering parameters, including a steep slope for the clustering function, w(θ ) ∝ θ −1.1 . We revise upwards previous estimates of the NVSS clustering amplitude, and find no evidence for dependence of clustering properties on radio frequency. It is important to incorporate the full covariance matrix when fitting parameters to the measured correlation function. Once the redshift distribution for mJy radio galaxies has been determined, these projected clustering measurements will permit a robust description of large-scale structure at z ∼ 0.8, the median redshift of the sources.
Retention nach kieferorthopädischer Behandlung – eine Literaturübersicht

284 Eine Form von Retention nach abgeschlossener kieferorthopädischer Behandlung ist empfehlenswert, um ein mögliches Rezidiv zu verhindern. Ein Rezidiv kann bspw. als Folge von gedehnten parodontalen Fasern auftreten, die dazu neigen, die Zähne in ihre ursprüngliche Position zurück zu bewegen, oder auch aufgrund ungünstiger okklusaler Kontakte nach Abschluss der Behandlung. Unerwünschte Zahnbewegungen ergeben sich aber auch durch den physiologischen Alterungsprozess, wobei es sich hierbei nicht um ein Rezidiv handelt, sondern um Veränderungen, die auch bei Patienten, die nie kieferorthopädisch behandelt wurden, auftreten.
Prävention von postoperativen Wundinfektionen – mit Fokus auf die Gefäßchirurgie

Zusammenfassung Einleitung Postoperative Wundinfektionen rangieren, je nach epidemiologischer Auswertung, zwischen den weltweit am häufigsten bzw. zweithäufigsten vorkommenden nosokomialen Infektionen. Erleidet ein Patient eine postoperative Wundinfektion, stellt dies für ihn, je nach Schwere, ein ernstzunehmendes Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsrisiko dar. Die negativen Auswirkungen beschränken sich nicht nur auf den einzelnen Patienten, auch für die Angehörigen, das Krankenhaus und für das gesamte Gesundheitssystem bedeutet dies eine enorme Belastung. In der Gefäßchirurgie machen grampositive Hautkeime fast die Hälfte aller Infektionen aus, bei denen ein Erreger nachgewiesen werden konnte. Staphylococcus aureus allein ist mit einem Drittel dieser Infektionen assoziiert. Präventionsmaßnahmen Neben generellen Maßnahmen zur Prävention von postoperativen Wundinfektionen lassen sich weitere, besonders für die Gefäßchirurgie relevante Interventionen ins Feld führen. Die im November 2016 veröffentlichte WHO Guideline zur Prävention von postoperativen Wundinfektionen ist die erste international gültige Leitlinie auf diesem Gebiet. Den Empfehlungen liegen ein systematischer Review und eine transparente und rigorose Beurteilung der Studienlage zugrunde. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet den Stellenwert der Leitlinie und stellt prä-, intra-, und postoperative Maßnahmen mit einem speziellen Fokus auf die Studienlage in der Gefäßchirurgie vor. Schlussfolgerung Es stehen eine Reihe von evidenzbasierten Maßnahmen zur Verfügung, die das Risiko für den chirurgischen Patienten, eine operationsassoziierte Wundinfektion zu erleiden, nachweislich senken können. Auf dem Gebiet der Gefäßchirurgie sollte ein besonderes Augenmerk auf jene Maßnahmen gelegt werden, die auf die Reduzierung der patienteneigenen Haut- und Schleimhautflora (Nase/Rachen) abzielen. Dazu gehören das präoperative Duschen/Waschen mit Seife, die Dekolonisation von nasalen Staphylococcus-aureus-Trägern mit Mupirocin und die chirurgische Hautantiseptik mit einem alkoholischen Kombinationspräparat. Chirurgen sollten in enger Zusammenarbeit mit Kollegen anderer Disziplinen sowie der Krankenhaushygiene und dem Krankenhausmanagement entsprechende Maßnahmen unter Berücksichtigung der lokalen Bedürfnisse und Besonderheiten Schritt für Schritt in die Praxis integrieren.
Evaluation of Two Gustiness Models for Exposure Correction Calculations

Abstract Gustiness models from Wieringa and Beljaars are evaluated. The models are used to relate the gustiness from wind speed records to the local roughness length. The roughness length is used to apply exposure corrections to sheltered wind stations. The gustiness models are mutually compared, and the influence of measuring-chain inertia and the measuring period on the measured gusts is evaluated. Beljaars’s model is used to estimate the wind speed at elevated levels from wind speed and gustiness records measured close to the surface. Uncertainties in the computation of roughness lengths from gustiness records are also evaluated. For measuring periods of 1 h the exposure corrections from the two models are equal over smooth terrain. Over rough terrain Beljaars’s gustiness model yields smaller corrections; differences up to 10% are possible. For 10-min periods Beljaars’s corrections are 3%–10% smaller than those of Wieringa. Other uncertainties, resulting from the assumption of neutral stratification an.
Electrical tests on a fully superconducting synchronous machine

The emergence of ultrafine multifilamentary superconducting wires with very low losses under varying magnetic fields allowed the testing in 1987 of a three-phase 50-Hz superconducting stationary winding with a classical copper/iron rotor. A superconducting field rotor was constructed and mounted into the previous stator to form a fully superconducting machine. The rotating part is rather simple: a helium vessel rotates into a low-pressure vessel to avoid thermal losses by turbulence. There is no thermal shielding due to the cryogenic environment of the stator, and the electromagnetic shield, present in classical superconducting generators, has been avoided with the low loss superconductors used. The combined 900-mm-long, 320-mm-diameter, rotor-stator cryostat uses fiberglass composites in the central parts due to the rotating fields under permanent or transient operations. The first electrical tests of this small-scale 18-kVA machine under permanent and sudden-short-circuit tests are reported.
Characterization of a novel super-hydrophilic coating film as a function of different spin coating speeds

In this paper, the mechanical and the optical characteristics of a novel super-hydrophilic coating material (Wellture Finetech, Korea) are introduced according to the film thickness. Because a waterbased SiO2-abundant material has perfect transparency, as does glass, and a super-hydrophilic property, it can be used as a protection glass for a solar cell module. The film thickness was controlled by selecting several spin speeds in the coating process. After the coating process, the material was cured at around 290 °C for 20 minutes. The hardness of the film was measured using the ASTM D3363 test method, and the adhesion of the film was tested using the ASTM D3359 method. The surface conditions of the film were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact-angle measurements. A UV-visible spectrometer was used to measure the optical transmittance of the film. The anti-pollution property of the film (700 rpm) was also tested by pouring regular water on a permanent marker scratch.