Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of the Sommerfeld enhancement in dark matter physics

Abstract: The dark matter annihilation cross section could suffer a boost due to the Sommerfeld enhancement at low energy. The importance of this process holds in the quantification of the effect on the cross section that an interactive potential produces before particle annihilation. In order to provide insight into the Sommerfeld enhancement we analytically compute it for the potential well and the attractive Coulomb potential. Finally, within the use of a numerical program we compute the Sommerfeld enhancement for the Yukawa potential since it is not analytically solvable.
Automatic Samples Selection Using Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) Feature Distance

Finding victims at a disaster site is the primary goal of Search-and-Rescue (SAR) operations. Many technologies created from research for searching disaster victims through aerial imaging. but, most of them are difficult to detect victims at tsunami disaster sites with victims and backgrounds which are look similar. This research collects post-tsunami aerial imaging data from the internet to builds dataset and model for detecting tsunami disaster victims. Datasets are built based on distance differences from features every sample using Histogram-of-Oriented-Gradient (HOG) method. We use the longest distance to collect samples from photo to generate victim and non-victim samples. We claim steps to collect samples by measuring HOG feature distance from all samples. the longest distance between samples will take as a candidate to build the dataset, then classify victim (positives) and non-victim (negatives) samples manually. The dataset of tsunami disaster victims was re-analyzed using cross-validation Leave-One-Out (LOO) with Support-Vector-Machine (SVM) method. The experimental results show the performance of two test photos with 74.36% precision, 81.60% accuracy, 61.70% recall and f-measure 67.44% to distinguish victim (positives) and non-victim (negatives).
Assessment of light source bandwidth impacts on image contrast enhancement using process window discovery

The performance requirements of advanced semiconductor technology nodes necessitate the use of complex processing methods that push patterning beyond the physical limits of DUV immersion lithography (ArFi). Specifically, aggressive process window and yield specifications put tight requirements on scanner imaging performance. Accurate identification of process windows can be accomplished using KLA-Tencor’s fixed focus offset conditions and Process window Discovery (PWD) methodology[1]. The PWD methodology makes use of a modulated wafer layout to enable inspection comparing nominal to modulated conditions. KLA-Tencor’s Broadband plasma (BBP) inspection technology is used to compare the nominal conditions to each experimental condition and to identify systematic defects. The identification of systematic defects is enabled by the PWD method by first discovering potential patterns of interest and then generating NanopointTM care areas around every occurrence of the patterns of interest. This allows identification of critical systematic structures that may have the same design intent but do not repeat in the same X,Y locations within a device. This approach maximizes the inspection sensitivity on each structure type, accurately identifies the edge of the process window in focus and dose, and enables study of the sensitivity of fixes process offsets (such as light source bandwidth). In this study, a tunable DUV light source bandwidth technique and the PWD methodology are used to study the light source E95 bandwidth impact on Metal layer features from an imec 10 nm node logic-type test vehicle.
Impact of Western Diet and Ultra-Processed Food on the Intestinal Mucus Barrier

The intestinal epithelial barrier plays a key role in the absorption of nutrients and water, in the regulation of the interactions between luminal contents and the underlying immune cells, and in the defense against enteric pathogens. Additionally, the intestinal mucus layer provides further protection due to mucin secretion and maturation by goblet cells, thus representing a crucial player in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. However, environmental factors, such as dietary products, can disrupt this equilibrium, leading to the development of inflammatory intestinal disorders. In particular, ultra-processed food, which is broadly present in the Western diet and includes dietary components containing food additives and/or undergoing multiple industrial processes (such as dry heating cooking), was shown to negatively impact intestinal health. In this review, we summarize and discuss current knowledge on the impact of a Western diet and, in particular, ultra-processed food on the mucus barrier and goblet cell function, as well as potential therapeutic approaches to maintain and restore the mucus layer under pathological conditions.
CEPC-SPPC accelerator status towards CDR

In this paper we will give an introduction to the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC). The scientific background, physics goal, the collider design requirements and the conceptual design principle of the CEPC are described. On the CEPC accelerator, the optimization of parameter designs for the CEPC with different energies, machine lengths, single ring and crab-waist collision partial double ring, advanced partial double ring and fully partial double ring options, etc. have been discussed systematically, and compared. The CEPC accelerator baseline and alternative designs have been proposed based on the luminosity potential in relation with the design goals. The CEPC sub-systems, such as the collider main ring, booster, electron positron injector, etc. have also been introduced. The detector and the MAchine-Detector Interface (MDI) design have been briefly mentioned. Finally, the optimization design of the Super Proton–Proton Collider (SppC), its energy and luminosity potentials, in the same tunnel o.
Rethinking journalism protection: looking beyond copyright

ABSTRACT Journalism plays a crucial role in providing reliable information and holding those in power accountable. However, newspapers have experienced a significant drop in profitability, with digital platforms controlling the industry's main revenue sources being one contributing factor. To tackle this problem, the EU has granted press publishers the right to demand payment for copyright licenses from digital platforms. This article examines the nature and history of the new neighbouring right introduced by the EU Directive 790/2019 (DCSM) and considers the relationship between copyright and competition law in this area. While this move aims to enhance the bargaining power of publishers, it alone might not be sufficient to safeguard the public's right to information, freedom of speech, and a diverse news media landscape. Consequently, the effectiveness of the EU Directive will require additional regulatory measures, including bargaining codes, information-sharing mechanisms, and the implementation of specific ‘choice architectures’.
A Methodology for Reliable Detection of Anomalous Behavior in Smartphones

Smartphones have become the most preferred computing device for both personal and business use. Different applications in smartphones result in different power consumption patterns. The fact that every application has been coded to perform different tasks leads to the claim that every action onboard (whether software or hardware) will consequently have a trace in the power consumption of the smartphone. When the same sequence of steps is repeated on it, it is observed that the power consumption patterns hold some degree of similarity. A device infected with malware can exhibit increased CPU usage, lower speeds, strange behavior such as e-mails or messages being sent automatically and without the user’s knowledge; and programs or malware running intermittently or in cycles in the background. This deviation from the expected behavior of the device is termed an anomalous behavior and results in a reduction in the similarity of the power consumption. The anomalous behavior could also be due to gradual degradation of the device or change in the execution environment in addition to the presence of malware. The change in similarity can be used to detect the presence of anomalous behavior on smartphones. This thesis focuses on the detection of anomalous behavior from the power signatures of the smartphone. We have conducted experiments to measure and analyze the power consumption pattern of various smartphone apps. The test bench used for the experiments has a Monsoon Power Meter, which supplies power to the smartphone, and an external laptop collects the power samples from the meter. To emulate the presence of anomalous behavior, we developed an app which runs in the background with varying activity windows. Based on our experiments and analysis, we have developed two separate models for reliable detection of anomalous behavior from power signatures of the smartphone. The first model is based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and the second model is based on a Similarity Matrix developed using an array of low pass filters. These models detect the presence of anomalies by comparing the current power consumption pattern of the device under test with that of its normal behavior.
Pheno- and Genotyping of Three Novel Bacteriophage Genera That Target a Wheat Phyllosphere Sphingomonas Genus

Bacteriophages are viral agents that infect and replicate within bacterial cells. Despite the increasing importance of phage ecology, environmental phages—particularly those targeting phyllosphere-associated bacteria—remain underexplored, and current genomic databases lack high-quality phage genome sequences linked to specific environmentally important bacteria, such as the ubiquitous sphingomonads. Here, we isolated three novel phages from a Danish wastewater treatment facility. Notably, these phages are among the first discovered to target and regulate a Sphingomonas genus within the wheat phyllosphere microbiome. Two of the phages displayed a non-prolate Siphovirus morphotype and demonstrated a narrow host range when tested against additional Sphingomonas strains. Intergenomic studies revealed limited nucleotide sequence similarity within the isolated phage genomes and to publicly available metagenome data of their closest relatives. Particularly intriguing was the limited homology observed between the DNA polymerase encoding genes of the isolated phages and their closest relatives. Based on these findings, we propose three newly identified genera of viruses: Longusvirus carli, Vexovirus birtae, and Molestusvirus kimi, following the latest ICTV binomial nomenclature for virus species. These results contribute to our current understanding of phage genetic diversity in natural environments and hold promising implications for phage applications in phyllosphere microbiome manipulation strategies.
Biopsychosocial factors of gaming disorder: a systematic review employing screening tools with well-defined psychometric properties

Background and aims Considering the growing number of gamers worldwide and increasing public concerns regarding the negative consequences of problematic gaming, the aim of the present systematic review was to provide a comprehensive overview of gaming disorder (GD) by identifying empirical studies that investigate biological, psychological, and social factors of GD using screening tools with well-defined psychometric properties. Materials and methods A systematic literature search was conducted through PsycINFO, PubMed, RISS, and KISS, and papers published up to January 2022 were included. Studies were screened based on the GD diagnostic tool usage, and only five scales with well-established psychometric properties were included. A total of 93 studies were included in the synthesis, and the results were classified into three groups based on biological, psychological, and social factors. Results Biological factors (n = 8) included reward, self-concept, brain structure, and functional connectivity. Psychological factors (n = 67) included psychiatric symptoms, psychological health, emotion regulation, personality traits, and other dimensions. Social factors (n = 29) included family, social interaction, culture, school, and social support. Discussion When the excess amount of assessment tools with varying psychometric properties were controlled for, mixed results were observed with regards to impulsivity, social relations, and family-related factors, and some domains suffered from a lack of study results to confirm any relevant patterns. Conclusion More longitudinal and neurobiological studies, consensus on a diagnostic tool with well-defined psychometric properties, and an in-depth understanding of gaming-related factors should be established to settle the debate regarding psychometric weaknesses of the current diagnostic system and for GD to gain greater legitimacy in the field of behavioral addiction.
A counterexample to a question of Bapat & Sunder

The objective of this article is to provide a counterexample to a question of Bapat and Sunder concerning the relative magnitudes of the permanent of a positive semidefinite matrix and the largest eigenvalue of a related matrix. We also discuss the significance of this result in connection with the eigenvalues of the Schur matrix. Mathematics subject classification (2010): 15A15.
Enhanced breakdown strength of poly(vinylidene fluoride) utilizing rubber nanoparticles for energy storage application

A kind of rubber nanoparticles, methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS), was applied into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix to fabricate MBS/PVDF composite films. Uniform dispersion and good compatibility of MBS in the matrix were observed. We found that the entanglement state between MBS nanoparticles and random chains of PVDF could diminish gaps in the matrix, which is helpful for high breakdown strength. The composite film with 12 vol. % MBS showed the maximum breakdown strength of 535 MV/m and the high energy density of 9.85 J/cm3, which were 1.7 times and about 2.2 times higher than pure PVDF film, respectively.
Graph folding and chromatic number

Given a connected graph G, identify two vertices if they have a common neighbor and then reduce the resulting multiple edges to simple edges. Repeat the process until the result is a complete graph. This process is called folding a graph. We show here that any connected graph G which is not complete folds onto the connected graph Kp where p = χ(G), the chromatic number of G. Furthermore, the set of all integers p such that G folds onto Kp consist of consecutive integers, the smallest of which is χ(G). One particular result of this study is that a sharp upper bound was obtained on the largest complete graph which a graph can be folded onto.
Differential Associations Between Depressive Symptom-Domains With Anxiety, Loneliness, and Cognition in a Sample of Community Older Chinese Adults: A Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes Approach

Abstract Background and Objectives Depressive symptoms are common in older adults, and often co-occur with other mental health problems. However, knowledge about depressive symptom-domains and their associations with other conditions is limited. This study examined depressive symptom-domains and associations with anxiety, cognition, and loneliness. Research Design and Methods A sample of 3,795 participants aged 60 years and older were recruited from the community in Hong Kong. They were assessed for depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item), loneliness (UCLA 3-item), and cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment 5-Minute Protocol). Summary descriptive statistics were calculated, followed by confirmatory factor analysis of PHQ-9. Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes analysis was used to examine the associations between mental health conditions in the general sample and subgroups based on depressive symptom severity. Results A 4-factor model based on the Research Domain Criteria showed the best model fit of PHQ-9 (χ2/df = 10.63, Root-Mean-Square Error of Approximation = 0.05, Comparative Fit Index = 0.96, Tucker–Lewis Index = 0.93). After adjusting for demographics, 4 depressive symptom-domains were differentially associated with anxiety, loneliness, and cognition across different depression severity groups. The Negative Valance Systems and Internalizing domain (NVS-I; guilt and self-harm) were consistently associated with anxiety (β = 0.45, 0.44) and loneliness (β = 0.11, 0.27) regardless of depression severity (at risk/mild vs moderate and more severe, respectively, all p < .001). Discussion and Implications The consistent associations between the NVS-I domain of depression with anxiety and loneliness warrant attention. Simultaneous considerations of depressive symptom-domains and symptom severity are needed for designing more personalized care. Clinical Trials Registration Number NCT03593889
The prospective outcome of the monkeypox outbreak in 2022 and characterization of monkeypox disease immunobiology

A new threat to global health re-emerged with monkeypox’s advent in early 2022. As of November 10, 2022, nearly 80,000 confirmed cases had been reported worldwide, with most of them coming from places where the disease is not common. There were 53 fatalities, with 40 occurring in areas that had never before recorded monkeypox and the remaining 13 appearing in the regions that had previously reported the disease. Preliminary genetic data suggest that the 2022 monkeypox virus is part of the West African clade; the virus can be transmitted from person to person through direct interaction with lesions during sexual activity. It is still unknown if monkeypox can be transmitted via sexual contact or, more particularly, through infected body fluids. This most recent epidemic’s reservoir host, or principal carrier, is still a mystery. Rodents found in Africa can be the possible intermediate host. Instead, the CDC has confirmed that there are currently no particular treatments for monkeypox virus infection in 2022; however, antivirals already in the market that are successful against smallpox may mitigate the spread of monkeypox. To protect against the disease, the JYNNEOS (Imvamune or Imvanex) smallpox vaccine can be given. The spread of monkeypox can be slowed through measures such as post-exposure immunization, contact tracing, and improved case diagnosis and isolation. Final Thoughts: The latest monkeypox epidemic is a new hazard during the COVID-19 epidemic. The prevailing condition of the monkeypox epidemic along with coinfection with COVID-19 could pose a serious condition for clinicians that could lead to the global epidemic community in the form of coinfection.
Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Sign-Based Construction Grammar, and Fluid Construction Grammar: Commonalities and differences

Van Trijp ( 2013 , 2014 ) claims that Sign-Based Construction Grammar (SBCG) and Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) are fundamentally different from Fluid Construction Grammar (FCG). He claims that the former approaches are generative ones while the latter is a cognitive-functional one. I argue that it is not legitimate to draw these distinctions on the basis of what is done in FCG. Van Trijp claims that there are differences in the scientific model, the linguistic approach, formalization, the way constructions are seen, and in terms of processing. This paper discusses all these alleged differences. Van Trijp also claims that his cognitive-functional approach is superior in terms of completeness, explanatory adequacy, and theoretical parsimony. In order to facilitate a discussion and comparison, I introduce the reader to basic assumptions made in FCG and the analyses suggested by Van Trijp: I first deal with the representations that are used in FCG, talk about argument structure constructions, the combination operations fusion and merging that are used in FCG, I than discuss the analysis of nonlocal dependencies and show that the suggested FCG analysis is not explanatorily adequate since it is not descriptively adequate and that a full formalization of approaches with discontinuous constituents is not more parsimonious than existing HPSG analyses either. After the discussion of specific analyses, I then provide a detailed comparison of FCG and SBCG/HPSG and discuss questions like the competence/performance distinction, mathematical formalization vs. computer implementation, fuzziness and fluidity in grammars, and permissiveness of theories. I conclude that HPSG, SBCG, and FCG belong to the same family of theories and that all claims to the contrary are unjustified.
Multivariant microstructure evolution in Ti-alloys: insights from a quantitative phase-field study

In the present work, we employ a CALPHAD-integrated physics-based quantitative multi-phase field model to study the microstructure evolution in a multi-phase Ti-alloy. In this model we use the free energies obtained from TTTI3 thermodynamic database for Ti-based alloys using a CALPHAD approach. For numerical implementation of the model, we solve the governing equations in their weak form using the open-source MOOSE finite element framework. Our model is successfully able to capture all the possible orientational variants in Ti- alloy system. Moreover, we elucidate the complex interaction between the variants using two- and multi-particle simulations. We show that the elastic energies associated with the variants play significant role in their growth behavior. We also explore the effect of anisotropy in interfacial energy on the variant evolution.
Formation of highly preferred orientation of β-Sn grains in solidified Cu/SnAgCu/Cu micro interconnects under temperature gradient effect

β-Sn grain orientation and configuration are becoming crucial factors to dominate the lifetime of solder interconnects in three-dimensional integrated circuit packaging. In this paper, we found that a temperature gradient during solidification significantly dominated the orientation and configuration of the final β-Sn grains in Cu/SnAgCu/Cu micro interconnects. Being different from the random orientations and growth fronts meeting or cyclic twin boundary forming near the center after homogeneous temperature bonding, the β-Sn grains solidified under a certain temperature gradient were observed to follow a highly preferred orientation with their c-axis departing from the direction of temperature gradient by about 45°–88°. Meanwhile, these preferred oriented β-Sn grains consisted of low angle grain boundary structures with misorientation in the range of 0°–15°. The mechanism was explained in terms of the anisotropy and directional growth of β-Sn grains. The results pave the way for grain orientation control .