Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patients with unstable control have a poorer dietary intake of vitamin K compared to patients with stable control of anticoagulation

Summary Evidence suggests that alterations in the dietary intake of vitamin K can affect anticoagulation response to warfarin. It is possible that a low and erratic intake of dietary vitamin K is at least partly responsible for the variable response to warfarin in patients with unstable control of anticoagulation. Twenty-six patients with unstable and twenty-six with stable control of anticoagulation completed dietary records of all foods and drinks consumed on a daily basis for two consecutive weeks. The mean daily intake of vitamin K in unstable patients was considerably lower than that for stable patients during the study period (29±17μg v. 76±40µg). The logarithm of vitamin K intake was consistently and significantly lower in the unstable patients than the stable patients over the two week period (5.9±0.4µg v. 6.9±0.5µg; p<0.001; 95% CI: 0.7–1.2). Changes in vitamin K intake between weeks 1 and 2 of the study were negatively correlated with changes in International Normalised Ratio (INR) amongst the unstable patients, however this failed to reach significance (r=-0.25; p=0.22). Daily supplementation with oral vitamin K in unstable patients could lead to a more stable anticoagulation response to warfarin.
On the Link between the Two Modes of the Ocean Thermohaline Circulation and the Formation of Global-Scale Water Masses

A close link between the formation of global-scale water masses, such as North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), and two stable modes of the thermohaline circulation (THC) is investigated in a coupled model. In the upper 2‐3 km of the Atlantic, the THC modes are characterized by meridional overturning circulations of opposite sign, with either a dominance of the AAIW cell over the NADW cell (‘‘off’’ THC mode) or vice versa (‘‘on’’ THC mode). A transition between these THC modes is controlled by the relationship between the densities in the source regions of formation of AAIW and NADW water masses. This is shown by applying a freshwater perturbation in the region of enhanced AAIW formation in the Southern Ocean to obtain a hysteresis loop of the NADW circulation. Transitions between the two modes of the THC occur when the densities in the source regions of AAIW and NADW become comparable to each other.
Dissociable components of error processing: On the functional significance of the Pe vis-à-vis the ERN/Ne

Abstract: We conducted a literature review to examine the functional significance of the error positivity (Pe), an error-related electrophysiological brain potential often observed in combination with the error negativity (Ne). The review revealed many dissociations between documented effects on the Ne and Pe, suggesting that these components reflect different aspects of error processing. We found little support for the proposed hypotheses that the Pe is associated with the affective processing of errors or with posterror behavioral adaptation. Some support was found for the hypothesis that the Pe reflects conscious recognition of an error. Finally, we discuss the notion that the Pe may reflect a P3b associated with the motivational significance of the error. We conclude that more research is needed to test predictions of the various Pe hypotheses, and that more rigorous investigation of the neural generators of the Pe may contribute to a better understanding of the neurocognitive processes involved in er.
A blended model for knowledge communities: embedding scaffolded inquiry

This study investigates a new approach that connects scaffolded inquiry activities within a knowledge building curriculum in secondary school science. We present a blended model that accounts for the flow of ideas within such a curriculum. Using a co-design methodology, researchers collaborated with veteran secondary science teachers to create engaging curriculum that provided the context for two studies. Study 1 created a four-day biology lesson where 104 grade-ten students developed a knowledge base of ideas about human physiology, then connected those ideas to inquiry activities. Students and teachers succeeded in collaborative knowledge construction, and individual students demonstrated impressive learning gains. Study 2 extended these principles to create an eight-week curriculum unit on biodiversity. This study replicated the co-design process, resulting in a successful curriculum, and further refined our technology environment. The outcomes of this work offer promising evidence for a blended model where knowledge building intersects with scaffolded inquiry.
Peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-gamma agonists and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)(12,14)-PGJ(2) induce apoptosis in normal and malignant B-lineage cells.

The research described herein evaluates the expression and functional significance of peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) on B-lineage cells. Normal mouse B cells and a variety of B lymphoma cells reflective of stages of B cell differentiation (e.g., 70Z/3, CH31, WEHI-231, CH12, and J558) express PPAR-gamma mRNA and, by Western blot analysis, the 67-kDa PPAR-gamma protein. 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) (15d-PGJ(2)), a PPAR-gamma agonist, has a dose-dependent antiproliferative and cytotoxic effect on normal and malignant B cells as shown by [(3)H]thymidine and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays. Only PPAR-gamma agonists (thiazolidinediones), and not PPAR-alpha agonists, mimicked the effect of 15d-PGJ(2) on B-lineage cells, indicating that the mechanism by which 15d-PGJ(2) negatively affects B-lineage cells involves in part PPAR-gamma. The mechanism by which PPAR-gamma agonists induce cytotoxicity is via apoptosis, as shown by annexin V staining and as confirmed by DNA fragmentation detected using the TUNEL assay. Interestingly, addition of PGF(2alpha), which was not known to affect lymphocytes, dramatically attenuated the deleterious effects of PPAR-gamma agonists on B lymphomas. Surprisingly, 15d-PGJ(2) induced a massive increase in nuclear mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and pretreatment with PGF(2alpha) blunted the mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. This is the first study evaluating PPAR-gamma expression and its significance on B lymphocytes. PPAR-gamma agonists may serve as a counterbalance to the stimulating effects of other PGs, namely PGE(2), which promotes B cell differentiation. Finally, the use of PGs, such as 15d-PGJ(2), and synthetic PPAR-gamma agonists to induce apoptosis in B-lineage cells may lead to the development of novel therapies for fatal B lymphomas.
Multiple agents moving target search

Traditional single-agent search algorithms usually make simplifying assumptions (single search agent, stationary target, complete knowledge of the state, and sufficient time). There are algorithms for relaxing one or two of these constraints; in this paper we want to relax all four. The application domain is to have multiple search agents cooperate to pursue and capture a moving target. Agents are allowed to communicate with each other. For solving Multiple Agents Moving Target (MAMT) applications, we present a framework for specifying a family of suitable search algorithms. This paper investigates several effective approaches for solving problem instances in this domain.
The long adventurous journey of rhombic lip cells in jawed vertebrates : a comparative developmental analysis

domain at its lateral point of attachment at the alar plate – as well as for the mesodermal vascularization of the developing choroid plexus (Huang et al., 2009; Nielsen and Dymecki, 2010). During embryonic development, the laterally displaced alar plate edges in amniotes constitute the rhombic lip which have long been known to be highly proliferative and to give rise to various brain structures that are finally located remote from their rhombic lip origin. Here, we will first review major steps in the understanding of amniote rhombic lip (including cerebellar) development before discussing related progress in anamniotes, particularly in zebrafish. With regard to amniotes, the organization of the review aims to give a sketch of how the field progressed historically (“Lower rhombic lip,” “Cerebellum/Upper rhombic lip”) before going into modern molecular data in amniotes (“Molecular revolutions”).
Vibrio cholerae’s mysterious Seventh Pandemic island (VSP-II) encodes novel Zur-regulated zinc starvation genes involved in chemotaxis and autoaggregation

Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera, a notorious diarrheal disease that is typically transmitted via contaminated drinking water. The current pandemic agent, the El Tor biotype, has undergone several genetic changes that include horizontal acquisition of two genomic islands (VSP-I and VSP-II). VSP-I and -2 presence strongly correlates with pandemicity; however, the contribution of these islands to V. cholerae’s life cycle, particularly the 26-kb VSP-II, remains poorly understood. VSP-II-encoded genes are not expressed under standard laboratory conditions, suggesting that their induction requires an unknown signal from the host or environment. One signal that bacteria encounter under both host and environmental conditions is metal limitation. While studying V. cholerae’s zinc-starvation response in vitro, we noticed that a mutant constitutively expressing zinc-starvation genes (Δzur) aggregates in nutrient-poor media. Using transposon mutagenesis, we found that flagellar motility, chemotaxis, and VSP-II encoded genes are required for aggregation. The VSP-II genes encode an AraC-like transcriptional activator (VerA) and a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (AerB). Using RNA-seq and lacZ transcriptional reporters, we show that VerA is a novel Zur target and activator of the nearby AerB chemoreceptor. AerB interfaces with the chemotaxis system to drive oxygen-dependent autoaggregation and energy taxis. Importantly, this work suggests a functional link between VSP-II, zinc-starved environments, and aerotaxis, yielding insights into the role of VSP-II in a metal-limited host or aquatic reservoir. Author Summary The Vibrio Seventh Pandemic island was horizontally acquired by El Tor pandemic strain, but its role in pathogenicity or environmental persistence is unknown. A major barrier to VSP-II study was the lack of stimuli favoring its expression. We show that zinc starvation induces expression of this island and describe a transcriptional network that activates a VSP-II encoded aerotaxis receptor. Importantly, aerotaxis may enable V. cholerae to locate more favorable microenvironments, possibly to colonize anoxic portions of the gut or environmental sediments.
An audit of alcohol brand websites.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS The study investigated the nature and content of alcohol brand websites in the UK. DESIGN AND METHODS The research involved an audit of the websites of the 10 leading alcohol brands by sales in the UK across four categories: lager, spirits, Flavoured Alcoholic Beverages and cider/perry. Each site was visited twice over a 1-month period with site features and content recorded using a pro-forma. The content of websites was then reviewed against the regulatory codes governing broadcast advertising of alcohol. RESULTS It was found that 27 of 40 leading alcohol brands had a dedicated website. Sites featured sophisticated content, including sports and music sections, games, downloads and competitions. Case studies of two brand websites demonstrate the range of content features on such sites. A review of the application of regulatory codes covering traditional advertising found some content may breach the codes. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Study findings illustrate the sophisticated range of content accessible on alcohol brand websites. When applying regulatory codes covering traditional alcohol marketing channels it is apparent that some content on alcohol brand websites would breach the codes. This suggests the regulation of alcohol brand websites may be an issue requiring attention from policymakers. Further research in this area would help inform this process.
Anchitherium (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae) from the Early Miocene Hiramaki Formation, Gifu Prefecture, Japan, and its Implication for the Early Diversification of Asian Anchitherium

Abstract An Anchitherium specimen with a nearly complete series of the upper cheek teeth (P2–M3), from the upper part (ca.17–18 Ma) of the Hiramaki Formation, Kani Basin, Gifu Prefecture, Japan, was previously referred to Anchitherium “hypohippoides” nomen dubium. Despite that it provides one of the best examples of significant dental characters of Asian Anchitherium, it has remained undescribed and unprepared until recently. Although a paucity of materials from Asia makes the taxonomy of Asian Anchitherium difficult to assign, comparison showed that the specimen should be reassigned to Anchitherium aff. A. gobiense; it differs from A. aurelianense and is rather similar to A. gobiense from China by virtue of large size and expanded hypostyles. The Japanese Anchitherium also shows distinct features including straight (flattened) ectolophs with narrow mesostyles, rudimentary crochets, and enamel protuberances at the lingual mouth of the median valleys. This combination of accessory features has not been known in Asian Anchitherium and seems to be rarely observed among the diversified European species. The existence of Japanese Anchitherium implies early species diversification in East Asia that predates a greater diversification in Europe associated with the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum and supports paleogeographical and paleozoological connection to the Asian mainland under a warm and humid climate prior to the formation of the Japanese archipelago (ca. 16.5 Ma).
Once upon a time in Mexico: Holocene phylogeography of the spotted bat (Euderma maculatum)

Holocene-era range expansions are relevant to understanding how a species might respond to the warming and drying climates of today. The harsh conditions of North American deserts have phylogenetically structured desert bat communities but differences in flight capabilities are expected to affect their ability to compete, locate, and use habitat in the face of modern climate change. A highly vagile but data-deficient bat species, the spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) is thought to have expanded its range from central Mexico to western Canada during the Holocene. With specimens spanning this latitudinal extent, we coupled phylogeography (mtDNA) with ecological niche modeling (ENM) to investigate the Holocene biogeography from the rear to leading edges. The ENM and phylogeny supported a Holocene range expansion from Mexico with increased expansion throughout the intermountain west within the last 6 kya. Long-term isolation at the southern-most margin of the range suggests one or more populations were left behind as climate space contracted and are currently of unknown status. The species appears historically suited to track shifts in climate space but differences in flight behaviors between leading edge and core-range lineages suggest that range expansions could be influenced by differences in habitat quality or climate (e.g., drought). Although its vagility could facilitate the tracking of environmental change and thereby extinction avoidance, anthropogenic pressures at the core range could still threaten the ability for beneficial alleles to expand into the leading edge.
Genomic landscape of Ewing sarcoma defines an aggressive subtype with co-association of STAG2 and TP53 mutations.

UNLABELLED Ewing sarcoma is a primary bone tumor initiated by EWSR1-ETS gene fusions. To identify secondary genetic lesions that contribute to tumor progression, we performed whole-genome sequencing of 112 Ewing sarcoma samples and matched germline DNA. Overall, Ewing sarcoma tumors had relatively few single-nucleotide variants, indels, structural variants, and copy-number alterations. Apart from whole chromosome arm copy-number changes, the most common somatic mutations were detected in STAG2 (17%), CDKN2A (12%), TP53 (7%), EZH2, BCOR, and ZMYM3 (2.7% each). Strikingly, STAG2 mutations and CDKN2A deletions were mutually exclusive, as confirmed in Ewing sarcoma cell lines. In an expanded cohort of 299 patients with clinical data, we discovered that STAG2 and TP53 mutations are often concurrent and are associated with poor outcome. Finally, we detected subclonal STAG2 mutations in diagnostic tumors and expansion of STAG2-immunonegative cells in relapsed tumors as compared with matched diagnostic samples. SIGNIFICANCE Whole-genome sequencing reveals that the somatic mutation rate in Ewing sarcoma is low. Tumors that harbor STAG2 and TP53 mutations have a particularly dismal prognosis with current treatments and require alternative therapies. Novel drugs that target epigenetic regulators may constitute viable therapeutic strategies in a subset of patients with mutations in chromatin modifiers.
A riskscore-based nomogram for the prediction of overall survival in cervical squamous cell carcinoma

Based on the ESTIMATE algorithm, we acquired the immune/stromal scores of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) patients collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Subsequently, we analyzed the DEGs between high- and low immune score groups using R package edgeR and performed K-M analysis to illustrate the relationship between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the overall survival to select survival-related DEGs. Then the LASSO regression model was constructed with the package “glmnet” in R to evaluate the riskscore of each patient. Finally, we developed a nomogram composing riskscore and clinicopathological characteristics to predict the overall survival (OS) of CSCC patients. The R software v3.6. 1 was used for statistical analyses. All statistical tests were two-tailed.
Landscape composition influences local pattern of fire size in the eastern Canadian boreal forest: role of weather and landscape mosaic on fire size distribution in mixedwood boreal forest using the Prescribed Fire Analysis System.

Wildfire simulations were carried out using the Prescribed Fire Analysis System (PFAS) to study the effect of landscape composition on fire sizes in eastern Canadian boreal forests. We used the Lake Duparquet forest as reference, plus 13 forest mosaic scenarios whose compositions reflected lengths of fire cycle. Three fire weather risks based on duff moisture were used. We performed 100 simulations per risk and mosaic, with topography and hydrology set constant for the reference. Results showed that both weather and landscape composition significantly influenced fire sizes. Weather related to fire propagation explained almost 79% of the variance, while landscape composition and weather conditions for ignition explained ∼14 and 2% respectively. In terms of landscape, burned area increased with increasing presence of shade-tolerant species, which are related to long fire cycles. Comparisons among the distributions of cumulated area burned from scenarios plus those from the Societe de Protection des Forets contre le Feu database archives showed that PFAS simulated realistic fire sizes using the 80–100% class of probable fire extent. Future analyses would best be performed on a larger region as the limited size of the study area could not capture fires larger than 11 000 ha, which represent 3% of fires but 65% of the total area burned at the provincial scale.
The kinetics of the enzyme-substrate compound of peroxidase. 1943.

Under the narrow range of experimental conditions, and at a temperature of approximately 25 degrees, the following data were obtained. 1. The equilibrium constant of peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide has a minimum value of 2 x 10(-8). 2. The velocity constant for the formation of peroxidase-H2O2 Complex I is 1.2 x 10(7) liter mole-1 sec. -1, +/- 0.4 x 10(7). 3. The velocity constant for the reversible breakdown of peroxidase-H2O2 Complex I is a negligible factor in the enzyme-substrate kinetics and is calculated to be less than 0.2 sec. -1. 4. The velocity constant, k3, for the enzymatic breakdown of peroxidase-H2O2 Complex I varies from nearly zero to higher than 5 sec. -1, depending upon the acceptor and its concentration. The quotient of k3 and the leucomalachite green concentration is 3.0 x 10(4) liter mole-1 sec. -1. For ascorbic acid this has a value of 1.8 x 10(5) liter mole-1 sec. -1. 5. For a particular acceptor concentration, k3 is determined solely from the enzyme-substrate kinetics and is found to be 4.2 sec. -1. 6. For the same conditions, k3 is determined from a simple relationship derived from mathematical solutions of the Michaelis theory and is found to be 5.2 sec. -1. 7. For the same conditions, k3 is determined from the over-all enzyme action and is found to be 5.1 sec. -1. 8. The Michaelis constant determined from kinetic data alone is found to be 0.44 x 10(-6). 9. The Michaelis constant determined from steady state measurements is found to be 0.41 x 10(-6). 10. The Michaelis constant determined from measurement of the overall enzyme reaction is found to be 0.50 x 10(-6). 11. The kinetics of the enzyme-substrate compound closely agree with mathematical solutions of an extension of the Michaelis theory obtained for experimental values of concentrations and reaction velocity constants. 12. The adequacy of the criteria by which experiment and theory were correlated has been examined critically and the mathematical solutions have been found to be sensitive to variations in the experimental conditions. 13. The critical features of the enzyme-substrate kinetics are Pmax, and curve shape, rather than t1/2. t1/2 serves as a simple measure of dx/dt. 14. A second order combination of enzyme and substrate to form the enzyme-substrate compound, followed by a first order breakdown of the compound, describes the activity of peroxidase for a particular acceptor concentration. 15. The kinetic data indicate a bimolecular combination of acceptor and enzyme-substrate compound.
Pathways to Retirement and Retirement Incentives in Sweden

We use a large panel data set (LINDA) to describe retirement behaviour in Sweden. The importance of different pathways to retirement is analysed. Survival functions for labor force participation of several groups in the labor force are estimated. We then provide a detailed analysis of economic incentives for additional work of older workers in Sweden inherent in the social security system, occupational pension schemes, labor market insurance programs, income taxes and housing allowances. The analysis shows the importance of these components of the income security system in forming the incentives.
Care of war veterans with mild traumatic brain injury--flawed perspectives.

Researchers estimate that more than 300,000 U.S. veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have sustained a mild traumatic brain injury. Dr. Charles Hoge, Herb Goldberg, and Carl Castro write that the clinical definition of “concussion/mild TBI” adopted by the Department of Defense and the VA is inadequate for achieving the objectives of their well-intentioned initiatives.