Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Rural Out-Migration on Technical E�ciency of Wheat and Teff Producers in Southern Ethiopia

This study examined the impact of rural out-migration on the technical efficiency of producers using the new economics labor migration theory as a theoretical framework, and the multinomial endogenous switching regression as an analytical framework. Primary data were gathered from a random sample of 415 rural households in southern Ethiopia. Descriptive results showed that most of the migrants are young, better educated, unmarried, and male migrants. The mean technical efficiency of wheat and teff are 83 and 66 percent respectively. The average treatment effect on treated and untreated are -5.51 and -4.14 respectively for teff producers, and significant at 1 percent. The base heterogeneities for participation in rural-urban migration are 4.10 and 3.09 for wheat and teff producers respectively whereas the base heterogeneities for participation in international migration are 12.85 and 14.24 for wheat and teff producers respectively. Besides, the base heterogeneities for non-participation in international migration are 14.6 and 21.25 for wheat and teff producers respectively. Hence, rural out-migration significantly reduces crop technical efficiency, and the finding supports the lost labor hypothesis of the new economics labor migration theory. Promoting productivity, off-farm activity, and provision of public goods would reduce labor out-migration in southern Ethiopia.
A Comparison of Laparoscopic Surgery and Open Surgery in Liver Resections: A Single-Center Experience

Objective: With the developments in patient management and the increase in surgical experience, the use of laparoscopy in liver resections has become widespread. However, with the consensus meetings and international recommendations, laparoscopic liver resections have been tried to be standardized. We aimed to present this laparoscopic liver resection experience by comparing open and laparoscopic techniques. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent liver resections between 2015 and 2022 were retrospectively screened and divided into 2 groups as laparoscopic liver resections and patients who underwent liver resection with open surgery. Indications, resection techniques, operative times, length of hospital stay, early hospital mortality, and complications were compared between both groups using statistical methods. Results: Laparoscopic surgery was performed in 31 (14%) patients, and open surgery was performed in 189 (86%). The mean operation time was 316 ± 168.2 minutes in patients who underwent laparoscopic liver resection. It was 329.4 ± 123.6 in the open surgery group. The length of hospital stay was 11.6 ± 4.9 days in patients who underwent laparoscopic liver resection, while it was 19.7 ± 12.1 days in patients who underwent open surgery. The difference between the length of hospital stay was statistically significant (Mann–Whitney U-test, P = .00). There was no difference between the 2 groups in terms of complications and early mortality. Conclusion: Laparoscopic liver resections are a safe method that can be applied in 3 or less segment resections. As the experience of the surgical team increases, it can be safely applied for major hepatectomies.
Soil Micropore Development and Contributions to Soluble Carbon Transport within Macroaggregates

Soil biophysical transport mechanisms promoting biogeochemical sorption of soluble organic carbon (SOC) compounds within macroaggregates control the retention and release of most soil nutrients, C‐ and N‐based polysaccharides, and contaminants. Ecosystems containing continuous supplies of soluble root exudates and particulate organic matter (POM) provide a constant supply of mobile SOC compounds to surfaces and internal pore networks of soil aggregates. Intra‐aggregate pores, especially the ultrafine pores, appear to be developed, interconnected, and blocked or disconnected by repeated drying and wetting (DW) cycling with direct but unknown contributions to movement and retention of SOC compounds. There is evidence that the severity (e.g., range of soil water potential) and frequency of severe DW cycles control intra‐aggregate micro‐ and nanopore formation and function. Heterogeneously distributed microsites within aggregates contain microbial communities that readily mineralize available C and N compounds, producing mobile SOC that can be tightly sorbed to additional mineral surfaces made available within micro‐ and nanosized fissures during repeated DW cycling. Mechanical removal of concentric soil layers of aggregates, synchrotron imaging and computer microtomographic (CMT) image processing software of three‐dimensional pore networks and connectivities, coupled with synchrotron X‐ray small angle scattering to measure pore sizes. Natural isotopes of 13C and 15N to quantify C and N sorption and CO2 respiration provide new and integrated approaches for quantifying spatially heterogeneous changes of pore diameters, connectivities, and organo‐ion‐mineral sorption within intra‐aggregate pore networks. Net C and N alterations at surfaces and within aggregates appear to modify both the microbial activities and bacterial community structures, producing integrated feedback and feed‐forward processes between the soil biological and physical components of soil aggregates.
Changing Fluvial Environments and Vertebrate Taphonomy in Response to Climatic Drying in a Mid-Triassic Rift Valley Fill: The Omingonde Formation (Karoo Supergroup) of Central Namibia

Abstract The Omingonde Formation of Central Namibia is a redbed succession infilling a half-graben that developed on the upland plateau of southern Gondwana in the early mid-Triassic. Field studies of the rocks and vertebrate fossils of these strata are used to reconstruct the changes that occurred in the rift valley landscapes over approximately 10 My, and show how these changes affected the life habits and preservation of terrestrial reptiles that inhabited the valley at that time. The early rift basin contained extensive lakes that were filled rapidly with conglomeratic sands deposited on alluvial fans prograding from the active boundary fault. These fans subsequently drained into an axial braided river system. With cessation of downfaulting, the fault scarp retreated and gradients in the basin became gentle enough to convert the braid plain to one or more meandering rivers confined by extensive floodplains. The climate changed from sub-humid at the beginning of rifting, through semi-arid for most of the Omingonde times, to arid at the onset of the overlying Etjo Formation sedimentation. The influx of abundant loessic silt, possibly a peripheral effect of the Triassic “megamonsoon,” significantly increased floodplain accretion and the burial potential of surface bones on the Upper Omingonde floodplains. The major control of fluvial style and floodplain accretion rates in the Omingonde basin was subsidence caused by episodic movements of the boundary fault. However, the association of desiccated and mummified carcasses with thick beds of loessic silt suggests that climatic aridity was the overriding factor controlling the preservation and taphonomic style of vertebrate remains.
Channel bar feature extraction for a mining-contaminated river using high-spatial multispectral remote-sensing imagery

Mapping and monitoring changes of geomorphological features over time are important for understanding fluvial process and effects of its controlling factors. Using high spatial resolution multispectral images has become common practice in the mapping as these images become widely available. Traditional pixel-based classification relies on statistical characteristics of single pixels and performs poorly in detailed mapping using high resolution multispectral images. In this work, we developed a hybrid method that detects and maps channel bars, one of the most important geomorphological features, from high resolution multispectral aerial imagery. This study focuses on the Big River which drains the Ozarks Plateaus region in southeast Missouri and the Old Lead Belt Mining District which was one of the largest producers of lead worldwide in the early and middle 1900s. Mapping and monitoring channel bars in the Big River is essential for evaluating the fate of contaminated mining sediment released to the Big River. The dataset in this study is 1 m spatial resolution and is composed of four bands: Red (Band 3), Green (Band 2), Blue (Band 1) and Near-Infrared (Band 4). The proposed hybrid method takes into account both spectral and spatial characteristics of single pixels, those of their surrounding contextual pixels and spatial relationships of objects. We evaluated its performance by comparing it with two traditional pixel-based classifications including Maximum Likelihood (MLC) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The findings indicate that derived characteristics from segmentation and human knowledge can highly improve the accuracy of extraction and our proposed method was successful in extracting channel bars from high spatial resolution images.
A Wideband Circularly Polarized CPW-Fed Printed Monopole X-Band Antenna for CubeSat Applications

This paper presents a novel wideband circularly polarized CPW-fed printed monopole antenna for CubeSat applications. An AMC reflector with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5\times 5$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-unit cells is used to increase antenna gain. The overall size of the antenna is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.48\lambda _{0} \times 0.48\lambda _{0} \times 0.042\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at the operating frequency of 8-GHz. The proposed printed monopole antenna provides a wide impedance bandwidth and a wide 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth. When comparing our proposed antenna to all designs, it is evident that the proposed printed monopole antenna offers several advantages. Firstly, it exhibits higher gain and a wider 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) while maintaining a smaller physical size. More specifically, the measured results show a wide -10 dB impedance bandwidth of 97.5% (6.1–13.9 GHz), and a wide measured 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 98.75% (5.1–13 GHz) and total measured gain of 7.3-dBi at 8 GHz.
Elevating M-Commerce: Exploring Trust and Purchase Intentions in Mobile App Shopping in Vietnam

Mobile shopping has emerged as a significant part of the global e-commerce landscape. Given the growing prominence of the mobile e-commerce sector in Vietnam, conducting research this market is both timely and pertinent. Hence, this study focuses on examining the factors that influence the trust in mobile shopping apps and their intent to make mobile shopping purchases. The results show that user experience, online customer review and mobile app design significantly effect on trust in mobile shopping apps, subsequently, influencing purchase intention. However, it's noteworthy that attitudes towards social networking site (SNS) advertising do not have a significant effect on trust in mobile shopping apps
Predicting Preschoolers’ Task Persistence Based On Their Involvement In Indoor And Outdoor Learning Activities

This study examined the predictive power of preschoolers’ involvement in indoor and outdoor learning activities on their task persistence in Niger state, Nigeria. Two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. Correlational research design was employed in the study. The population of the study consisted of 8,568 Nursery III preschoolers across the 549 preschools in the five Local Education Authorities in Niger State. A sample of 390 preschoolers were drawn through multistage sampling procedure. Two instruments; Preschoolers’ Learning
Transport and residence times of tropospheric aerosols inferred from a global three-dimensional simulation of 210Pb

A global three-dimensional model is used to investigate the transport and tropospheric residence time of 210Pb, an aerosol tracer produced in the atmosphere by radioactive decay of 222Rn emitted from soils. The model uses meteorological input with 4°×5° horizontal resolution and 4-hour temporal resolution from the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model (GCM). It computes aerosol scavenging by convective precipitation as part of the wet convective mass transport operator in order to capture the coupling between vertical transport and rainout. Scavenging in convective precipitation accounts for 74% of the global 210Pb sink in the model; scavenging in large-scale precipitation accounts for 12%, and scavenging in dry deposition accounts for 14%. The model captures 63% of the variance of yearly mean 210Pb concentrations measured at 85 sites around the world with negligible mean bias, lending support to the computation of aerosol scavenging. There are, however, a number of regional and seasonal discrepancies that reflect in part anomalies in GCM precipitation. Computed residence times with respect to deposition for 210Pb aerosol in the tropospheric column are about 5 days at southern midlatitudes and 10–15 days in the tropics; values at northern midlatitudes vary from about 5 days in winter to 10 days in summer. The residence time of 210Pb produced in the lowest 0.5 km of atmosphere is on average four times shorter than that of 210Pb produced in the upper atmosphere. Both model and observations indicate a weaker decrease of 210Pb concentrations between the continental mixed layer and the free troposphere than is observed for total aerosol concentrations; an explanation is that 222Rn is transported to high altitudes in wet convective updrafts, while aerosols and soluble precursors of aerosols are scavenged by precipitation in the updrafts. Thus 210Pb is not simply a tracer of aerosols produced in the continental boundary layer, but also of aerosols derived from insoluble precursors emitted from the surface of continents. One may draw an analogy between 210Pb and nitrate, whose precursor NOx is sparingly soluble, and explain in this manner the strong correlation observed between nitrate and 210Pb concentrations over the oceans.
Obesity interventions in Egypt: identifying gaps and highlighting assets

Worldwide, obesity is a growing epidemic and a leading non-communicative disease. Egypt has high levels of obesity, causing harm to both individuals and society at large. Data on obesity in Egypt includes measures of obesity rates, comorbidity, and consequences, but there is little documentation on obesity interventions. This is in large part due to the fact that obesity is overlooked by the Egyptian government and culture. This study aimed to collect data on available programs and interventions in Egypt, to explore assets and challenges to obesity programming, and to ask for recommendations for combatting obesity. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 25 participants from 22 different organizations in Cairo, including ministries, governmental, non-governmental, international organizations, and for-profit organizations. The results showed that there was a lack of nationwide programs and services that tackle obesity; however, there were some minor activities and services that tackled other health issues related to obesity. In terms of challenges, most participants mentioned negative cultural customs and practices or circumstances that affected and contributed to the increase in obesity, such as poverty, personal habits, and environmental and political influences. As for assets, participants mentioned tangible assets such as facilities, finances, and staff; yet, they focused on nontangible assets such as partners, networks, knowledge, expertise and experience, reputation,
APLICACIÓN DE TECNOLOGÍAS SEMÁNTICAS EN LA WEB PARA LA CATALOGACIÓN DE PRODUCTOS EN EL SECTOR DEL MUEBLE. SEMCONCEPT

El desarrollo de aplicaciones web para la catalogacion de productos industriales es un proceso importante para los servicios logisticos y de venta on-line a nivel global. La necesidad de desarrollar escenarios inteligentes basados en el uso de la semantica a la hora de crear nuevos productos es la base fundamental para mejorar significativamente los tiempos de conceptualizacion y busqueda de referentes. El presente articulo muestra los avances desarrollados en la creacion de una ontologia de procesos especificamente para la industrias del mueble con el proposito de complementar un aspecto olvidado dentro de la fabricacion de muebles como es la busqueda de formas referenciales en la red bajo un criterio semantico que ayude a las empresas del sector a mejorar su competitividad en la red. Las investigaciones realizadas a traves del proyecto SEMCONCEPT con investigadores de la Universitat Politecnica de Valencia y AIDIMA, Instituto Tecnologico del Mueble, Madera y afines, han permitido establecer sinergias entre la norma ISO 10303-236 para la catalogacion electronica de productos y diversos proyectos Internacionales. La sistematizacion y normalizacion integrada de la informacion facilitada por los fabricantes de productos del mueble y afines permitira el intercambio entre los distintos agentes de la cadena de valor (proveedores, fabricante, comercios) y servira de referencia de busqueda entre los disenadores y arquitectos.
Spectral induced polarization of partially saturated clay-rocks: a mechanistic approach

SUMMARY We have developed a mechanistic model to interpret spectral induced polarization data of partially saturated clay-rocks. This model accounts for the polarization of the grains through an electrical double layer model with a polarization model of the inner part of the electrical double layer called the Stern layer. The polarization model accounts also for the Maxwell–Wagner polarization at frequencies higher than 100 Hz. The Maxwell–Wagner polarization is modelled by using a conductivity model modified to account for the presence of a non-wetting immiscible phase like air in the pore space. The resulting model is consistent with the first and second Archie's laws in the case where surface conductivity can be neglected. The volumetric charge density of the diffuse layer at saturation is divided by the saturation of the water phase to account for the partial water saturation of the porous material. The model comprises seven fundamental parameters: the formation factor, the second Archie's exponent, a critical water saturation level, the mean electrical potential of the pore space at saturation, the density of the counterions in the Stern layer, and at least two parameters describing the grain size distribution. Most of these parameters can be derived independently using alternative measurements and electrochemical models. Measurements were performed in the frequency range 10 mHz–45 kHz using five samples from the Callovo–Oxfordian formation in the eastern part of the Paris Basin, France. The model agrees fairly well with the experimental data at saturation and for partially saturated clay-rocks down to 1 Hz. Most of the seven physical parameters entering the model were independently evaluated.
Coping with Epidemic-Related Job Stressors in Healthcare Workers During the Late Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects of Reflective Functioning and Cognitive Emotion Regulation

Background Healthcare workers encountered novel job stressors during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. These stressors possessed potential deleterious effects on mental health outcomes, yet the underlying mediating and moderating mechanisms remained relatively unexplored. Objective The current study aimed to examine the role of cognitive emotion regulation as a mediator in the association between pandemic-related job stressors and the psychological symptoms of healthcare professionals in the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the role of reflective functioning as a resilience factor moderating both the associations of pandemic-related job stressors and cognitive emotion regulation, as well as psychological symptoms. Methods This cross-sectional survey conducted in October 2020 included 2393 healthcare professionals working in departments with a high risk of exposure to COVID-19 from 22 hospitals in Beijing, China. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires measuring pandemic-related job stressors, anxiety, depression, reflective functioning, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Path analyses were performed to examine the hypothesized model. Results Epidemic-related job stressors had significant direct effects on depression (β=0.31, p<0.001) and anxiety symptoms (β=0.29, p<0.001) and the indirect effects through mediation of maladaptive cognitive regulation were also significant (for depression, indirect effect=0.06, SE=0.01, CI=[0.04, 0.07]; for anxiety, indirect effect=0.06, SE=0.01, CI=[0.04, 0.08]). The dimension of certainty about mental states in the reflective functioning questionnaire (RFQc) moderated the direct effect of pandemic-related job stressors on depression (β=−0.05, p<0.001) and moderated the effect of job stressors on maladaptive cognitive regulation (β=0.06, p<0.001). Conclusion The results shed light on the roles of cognitive emotion regulation and reflective functioning in coping with pandemic-related job stressors in frontline healthcare workers in periods of dealing with major infectious diseases. The findings have implications for developing interventions for healthcare workers in need.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF LIGHTWEIGHT RECYCLED ALUMINIUM COMPOSITES

In the present work, three composites have been developed by reinforcing Mild Steel (MS) chips in the amounts of 1 wt. %, 2 wt. % 3 wt. % respectively to recycled Aluminium chips through a manual stir-casting process. The developed composites were hot rolled at 200 ℃ to 50% reduction to increase the strength further. The microstructure showed that adding MS chips leads to grain refinement in the matrix due to the promotion of instantaneous nucleation. Further, it was observed that the composite developed by reinforcing 2 wt. % MS chips exhibited better grain refinement and the smallest grain size among the others, which also exhibited the highest hardness and compression strength of 83 Hv and 563 MPa, respectively, which are 26% and 15.3%, respectively, compared to the unreinforced alloy. This improvement in the strength can be attributed to the improved grain refinement, uniform distribution of MS powder in the matrix, formation of secondary phase and dispersion strengthening. However, beyond 2 wt. % addition of MS chips, the grain size started to grow, leading to a decline in the hardness and compression strength. Further, all the hot-rolled samples exhibited better properties than their counterparts. However, the variation trend in properties after hot rolling remained the same as the composite with 2 wt% MS chips showing the highest hardness and compression strength of 106 Hv and 722 MPa, respectively.