Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Porcelain Insulator Crack Location and Surface States Pattern Recognition Based on Hyperspectral Technology

A porcelain insulator is an important part to ensure that the insulation requirements of power equipment can be met. Under the influence of their structure, porcelain insulators are prone to mechanical damage and cracks, which will reduce their insulation performance. After a long-term operation, crack expansion will eventually lead to breakdown and safety hazards. Therefore, it is of great significance to detect insulator cracks to ensure the safe and reliable operation of a power grid. However, most traditional methods of insulator crack detection involve offline detection or contact measurement, which is not conducive to the online monitoring of equipment. Hyperspectral imaging technology is a noncontact detection technology containing three-dimensional (3D) spatial spectral information, whereby the data provide more information and the measuring method has a higher safety than electric detection methods. Therefore, a model of positioning and state classification of porcelain insulators based on hyperspectral technology is proposed. In this model, image data were used to extract edges to locate cracks, and spectral information was used to classify the surface states of porcelain insulators with EfficientNet. Lastly, crack extraction was realized, and the recognition accuracy of cracks and normal states was 96.9%. Through an analysis of the results, it is proven that the crack detection method of a porcelain insulator based on hyperspectral technology is an effective non-contact online monitoring approach, which has broad application prospects in the era of the Internet of Things with the rapid development of electric power.
Explainable autonomous robots: a survey and perspective

Advanced communication protocols are critical for the coexistence of autonomous robots and humans. Thus, the development of explanatory capabilities in robots is an urgent first step toward realizing autonomous robots. This survey provides an overview of the various types of ‘explainability’ discussed in the machine learning literature. The definition of ‘explainability’ in the context of autonomous robots is then discussed by exploring the question: ‘What is an explanation? ’ We further conduct a survey based on this definition and present relevant topics for future research in this paper. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Rethinking how risk aversion and impatience are linked with cognitive ability: experimental findings from agricultural students and farmers

ABSTRACT Dohmen et al. (2010) find in their paper (‘Are Risk Aversion and Impatience Related to Cognitive Ability? '), which has been published in the American Economic Review, that risk aversion and impatience are negatively related to cognitive ability. This topic is important because controlling for cognitive ability might be necessary if someone is interested in the link of risk preferences or time preferences to real-world outcomes. We re-examine their key results by conducting an experimental study using two subject pools (agricultural students and farmers) and three levels of monetary incentives. Similar to Dohmen et al. (2010), our study finds the above-described negative correlations. However, the strength of the association is relatively small in the realm of risk aversion and negligible with impatience.
Affective-cognitive design of product ecosystems for user experience.

········································································································· I Acknowledgement ··························································································· III Table of Content ······························································································ IV List of Figures ································································································· IX List of Tables ··································································································· X List of Abbreviations ······················································································ XII Publication List ···························································································· XIII Chapter
Design of Pond Water Temperature Monitoring Built Using NodeMCU ESP8266

Freshwater fish farming is currently booming in Indonesia, and many use small ponds for efficiency or due to limited location, this can be a problem due to Indonesia's hot climate. Small ponds with not much water volume will cause the water temperature to rise more easily on hot days, of course this is not good for the fish colonies in it. To prevent temperature rise, farmers generally irrigate ponds with fresh water to stabilize the water temperature. Due to the unpredictable weather in Indonesia lately, it will be difficult for farmers to monitor their ponds manually, so a tool is needed that can detect the heat of pond water and turn on the water pump to irrigate ponds. This research is expected to make it easier for farmers to regulate pond temperatures more easily. The use of a microcontroller in Internet of Thing devices is very much needed, considering that the microcontroller is able to carry out the task of controlling the existing sensors. The sensor used in this study uses a temperature sensor that is used to control the pool water. The prototype for detecting pool water temperature and increasing water flow is used to reduce heat in pool water and increase water flow that is reduced due to evaporation of water during the day. The purpose of this research is to make a prototype to detect pond water temperature and increase pond water discharge which is useful for reducing pond water temperature to be cooler and reducing the risk of fish death. The prototype developed is a NodeMCU ESP 8266 micro-controller, a temperature detection sensor in water, a relay as a switch and a mini pump
Integrative Taxonomy of Armeria arenaria (Plumbaginaceae), with a Special Focus on the Putative Subspecies Endemic to the Apennines

Simple Summary Armeria arenaria is a highly variable Western European species, for which three subspecies are recorded in Italy. Armeria arenaria subsp. arenaria has been reported from Northern Italy, while A. arenaria subsp. marginata and A. arenaria subsp. apennina are considered endemic to the Apennines. The taxonomic value of these two latter taxa is unclear and the actual occurrence of A. arenaria s.str. in Italy has never been addressed. Following an integrated taxonomic approach, in this study we show that all the Italian records of A. arenaria s.str. should be actually referred to A. arenaria subsp. praecox and that only one Northern Apennine endemic taxon can be recognized, namely, A. arenaria subsp. marginata. Abstract Three subspecies of Armeria arenaria are reported from Italy, two of which are considered endemic to the Apennines. The taxonomic value of these two taxa (A. arenaria subsp. marginata and A. arenaria subsp. apennina) is unclear. Moreover, the relationships between A. arenaria subsp. praecox and Northern Italian populations—currently ascribed to A. arenaria subsp. arenaria—have never been addressed. Accordingly, we used an integrated taxonomic approach, including morphometry, seed morpho–colorimetry, karyology, molecular systematics (psbA–trnH, trnQ–rps16, trnF–trnL, trnL–rpl32, and ITS region), and comparative niche analysis. According to our results, French–Northern Italian populations are clearly distinct from Apennine populations. In the first group, there is evidence which allows the recognition of A. arenaria s.str. (not occurring in Italy) and A. arenaria subsp. praecox. In the second group, the two putative taxa endemic to the Northern Apennines cannot be separated, so a single subspecies is here recognized: A. arenaria subsp. marginata.
Determination of electron beam polarization using electron detector in Compton polarimeter with less than 1% statistical and systematic uncertainty

The Q-weak experiment aims to measure the weak charge of proton with a precision of 4.2%. The proposed precision on weak charge required a 2.5% measurement of the parity violating asymmetry in elastic electron - proton scattering. Polarimetry was the largest experimental contribution to this uncertainty and a new Compton polarimeter was installed in Hall C at Jefferson Lab to make the goal achievable. In this polarimeter the electron beam collides with green laser light in a low gain Fabry-Perot Cavity; the scattered electrons are detected in 4 planes of a novel diamond micro strip detector while the back scattered photons are detected in lead tungstate crystals. This diamond micro-strip detector is the first such device to be used as a tracking detector in a nuclear and particle physics experiment. The diamond detectors are read out using custom built electronic modules that include a preamplifier, a pulse shaping amplifier and a discriminator for each detector micro-strip. We use field programmable gate array based general purpose logic modules for event selection and histogramming. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations and data acquisition simulations were performed to estimate the systematic uncertainties. Additionally, the Moller and Compton polarimeters were cross calibrated at low electron beammore » currents using a series of interleaved measurements. In this dissertation, we describe all the subsystems of the Compton polarimeter with emphasis on the electron detector. We focus on the FPGA based data acquisition system built by the author and the data analysis methods implemented by the author. The simulations of the data acquisition and the polarimeter that helped rigorously establish the systematic uncertainties of the polarimeter are also elaborated, resulting in the first sub 1% measurement of low energy (? 1 GeV) electron beam polarization with a Compton electron detector. We have demonstrated that diamond based micro-strip detectors can be used for tracking in a high radiation environment and it has enabled us to achieve the desired precision in the measurement of the electron beam polarization which in turn has allowed the most precise determination of the weak charge of the proton. « less
Early stage follicular lymphoma, current management and controversies

Purpose of review In this article, we focus on the epidemiology, outcomes, and treatment options of early stage follicular lymphoma. Recent findings Radiation therapy has been the predominant treatment for patients with early stage follicular lymphoma for decades. It is associated with a 10-year progression-free survival of 45–60%, thought to represent cures in this otherwise incurable disease with conventional modalities. Limiting the radiation field and dose does not diminish outcomes. On the contrary, the addition of chemotherapy does not benefit this patient population as a whole. The use of polymerase chain reaction for Bcl-2 gene rearrangements to detect molecular disease, however, may identify patients with early occult disseminated disease, who are at risk for relapse and would benefit from the addition of systemic therapy. For patients in whom radiation would be too toxic or prefer to not have radiation, observation is a reasonable alternative and a proportion of patients observed do not require therapy for a number of years. Despite the potential cures achieved by radiation therapy, a minority of patients in the United States receive such therapy; the majority are instead observed or treated with chemoimmunotherapy. Summary Patients with early stage follicular lymphoma enjoy excellent outcomes following definitive radiation therapy, many of whom may even be cured. The addition of other therapies has not enhanced cure rates but identifying patients at greatest risk for disease relapse may change this paradigm. Despite the proven success of radiation, the majority of early stage follicular lymphoma patients in the United States do not receive radiation.
Natural Antimicrobial Peptides from Eukaryotic Organisms

The first peptidic antibiotic was described in 1968 coming from the Manduca sexta and was of linear nature; since then the number of antimicrobial peptide discovered have grown asymptotically. Though loose homology has been found between certain set of antimicrobial peptides; it has proven difficult to classify the AMP through their primary structure. Antimicrobial peptides show a great diversity of primary structures, and their short size do not permit robust evolutionary classification, but for the most close related peptides. The primary structures signature of the different AMP families may have arisen independently, and in some case these structures homology are the result of convergent evolution rather than a common ancestry. Nevertheless in order to classify the new components, general classification methods have been established. So far this has been done regardless of evolutionary relationship, source or activity. The criteria that have been commonly used are the number of disulfide bridges and particular amino-acid composition. In 2005 P. Bullet and co-workers suggested a 3 categories classification namely: α-Helical host defense peptides (HDPs), β-Sheet HDPs, Flexible HDPs rich in certain amino acids (Bulet et al., 1999). Though most AMP would fit in this classification, little insight about function can be inferred from the class relation; nor does it give any comparative information between peptides belonging to the same class.
Research progress on the health function of tea oil

Tea oil comes from unique woody oil trees in South China and is one of the four woody edible oils in the world. Tea oil is the edible oil obtained by squeezing mature seeds of oil tea. The unsaturated fatty acid content in tea oil can reach as much as 90%, which is the highest amount so far for unsaturated fatty acid in edible oil. The content of catechin in oil tea is about 80%, which have good whitening and anti-oxidation effects. Tea polyphenol is a natural antioxidant with significant antioxidation, which can eliminate free radicals, protect cell membrane structures, etc. Camellia saponin has many functions: Anti-permeability, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticancer, etc. Squalene is a kind of polyphenolic active composition with good oxygen-enriched capacity in oil tea. This paper summarizes the fatty acid composition and some functional components of tea oil, and its functions of anti-tumor, lipid-lowering, liver and heart protection, antisepsis and anti-inflammation, coronary heart disease prevention, delay of atherosclerosis, anti-oxidation, and regulation of the immune function. This paper aims to lay the foundation for further study and use of the medicine and health functions of tea oil. Key words: Oil tea, tea oil, health function.
On exponentials of exponential generating series

Identifying the algebra of exponential generating series with the shuffle algebra of formal power series, one can define an exponential map ${\mathop{exp}}_! :X\mathbb K[[X]]\longrightarrow 1+X\mathbb K[[X]]$ for the associated Lie group formed by exponential generating series with constant coefficient 1 over an arbitrary field $\mathbb K$. The main result of this paper states that the map ${\mathop{exp}}_! $ (and its inverse map ${\mathop{log}}_! $) induces a bijection between rational, respectively algebraic, series in $X\mathbb K [[X]]$ and $1+X\mathbb K[[X]]$ if the field $\mathbb K$ is a subfield of the algebraically closed field $\bar{\mathbb F}_p$ of characteristic $p$.
Mio: fast multipass partitioning via priority-based instruction scheduling

Real-time graphics hardware continues to offer improved resources for programmable vertex and fragment shaders. However, shader programmers continue to write shaders that require more resources than are available in the hardware. One way to virtualize the resources necessary to run complex shaders is to partition the shaders into multiple rendering passes. This problem, called the "Multi-Pass Partitioning Problem" (MPP), and a solution for the problem, Recursive Dominator Split (RDS), have been presented by Eric Chan et al. The O(n3) RDS algorithm and its heuristic-based O(n2) cousin, RDSh, are robust in that they can efficiently partition shaders for many architectures with varying resources. However, RDS's high runtime cost and inability to handle multiple outputs per pass make it less desirable for real-time use on today's latest graphics hardware. This paper redefines the MPP as a scheduling problem and uses scheduling algorithms that allow incremental resource estimation and pass computation in O(n log n) time. Our scheduling algorithm, Mio, is experimentally compared to RDS and shown to have better run-time scaling and produce comparable partitions for emerging hardware architectures.
Accuracy evaluation of two precipitation datasets over upper reach of Heihe River Basin, northwestern China

As an important forcing data for hydrologic models, precipitation has significant effects on model simulation. The China Meteorological Forcing Dataset(ITP) and Global Land Data Assimilation System(GLDAS) precipitation data are the two commonly used data sources in the Heihe River Basin(HRB). This paper focused on evaluating the accuracy of these two precipitation datasets. A set of metrics were developed to characterize the trend, magnitude, annual allocation, event matching, frequency, and spatial distribution of the two datasets. Meanwhile, such accuracy evaluation was performed at various scales, i.e., daily, monthly, and yearly. By comparing with observations, this study concluded that: first, both ITP and GLDAS precipitation data well represented the trends at corresponding sites, and GLDAS underestimated precipitation in most regions except the east tributary headwater region; second, unusual annual precipitation distribution was observed in both datasets with overestimation of precipitation in May through September and GLDAS appeared to be much severe; third, the ITP data seriously over-predicted the precipitation events; fourth, the ITP data have better spatial distribution than GLDAS in the upper reach area of HRB. Overall, we recommended ITP precipitation data for the land surface study in the upper reach of HRB.
A Study on the Negative Emotion of Using Social Networking Services and Its Discontinuance Intention

As an empirical study on the psychological side effects of using Social Networking Services (SNS), this study aims to identify the reality of negative emotion of using SNS and to predict its consequences. To this end, a measurement tool was developed through literature review, in-depth interview with users and expert review to induce negative emotional factors that can arise while using SNS. An exploratory factor analysis was performed for a total of 24 measurement items, which then were divided into the following 6 factors: ‘concern over privacy,’ ‘burden from undesired connection,’ ‘relative deprivation,’ ‘a sense of alienation,’ ‘concern over reputation’ and ‘negative feeling about simple relationship. ’ Also, the relationship between the 6 negative emotional factors and psychological dissonance was analyzed. The results indicate that all the factors, except relative deprivation and a sense of alienation, affect psychological dissonance. It was also found that psychological dissonance, which implies a conflicting condition from using SNS, significantly affects the behavior that possibly reduces and limits the use of SNS. In other words, the users who have experienced psychological dissonance respond passively by avoiding the use of SNS to resolve the dissonance. The results of this study provide the base for explaining the psychological side effects of using SNS, which have been understood at a phenomenal level, such as ‘Facebook depression’ or ‘SNS stress. ’ In addition, this study is of significance as it helps understand the psychological mechanism by identifying the relationship between negative emotion and use behavior with the theory of cognitive dissonance.
Fractal Patterns in Auditory Nerve-Spike

The pathway for the transfer of information from the inner ear to auditory centers in the mam-malian brain is provided by the VIIIth cranial nerve. The neural signal transmitted on individual bers of this nerve (auditory neurons) has been studied by many researchers, with the goal of gaining insight into the mechanisms of information encoding 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. This signal comprises a series of brief electrical action potentials (nerve spikes), whose amplitudes and energies are widely assumed not to be signiicant variables 8]. Rather, it is generally accepted that the times of occurrences of these action potentials carry the auditory information. Randomness is involved, since identical experiments lead to diiering sequences of nerve spikes 9]. From a mathematical point of view, this neural activity is perhaps best characterized as a stochastic point process 4, 5, 6]. A proper description of this point process must include the eeects of dead time or absolute refractoriness, which limits the rate at which a neuron can re. After a relatively brief refractory period, of the order of ms, the neuron may re again. More precisely, the neuron recovers gradually, over a sick-time (relative refractory) period that lasts tens of ms. We begin with the simplest case: neural activity in the absence of any external acoustic stimulation. Auditory neurons spontaneously generate nerve spikes under these conditions, albeit at a lower rate than when a stimulus is present. The mathematical model that has been traditionally used in auditory and other branches of sensory neurophysiology is the homogeneous Poisson point process (HPP) and its close relative, the dead-time-modiied Poisson point process (DTMP). Both of these are renewal point processes, which means that they exhibit independent, identically distributed interspike intervals. (The name \renewal" originated in studies pertaining to the replacement or renewal of failed parts such as light bulbs.) These intervals are therefore uncorrelated, and such processes are completely speciied by their interspike interval (ISI) histograms. The theoretical ISI probability density function for the HPP is the simple exponential, p(t) = e ? t , where t is the interspike interval and is the rate of the Poisson process. For the ring of a nerve ber, interspike intervals shorter than a dead-time period d are forbidden by the neuron's refractoriness. This leads to a modiied ISI probability density function, p(t) = e ? (t? d) for t > d and p(t) = 0 for t d …