Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of the p 53 Tumor Suppressor Gene in Cell Cycle Arrest and Radiosensitivity of Burkitt ' s Lymphoma Cell Lines

We have assessed the role of the p5ÃŒtumor suppressor gene in cell cycle arrest and cytotoxicity of ionizing radiation in 17 Burkitt's lymphoma and Ivmphoblastoid cell lines. Cell cycle arrest was assessed by flow cytometry of cells 16 h following irradiation. In addition to the usual G2 arrest, the cell lines exhibited three types of responses in I. ,: Class I, strong arrest in G i following radiation; Class II, minimal arrest; and Class III, an inter mediate response. All Class I cells contained normal p53 genes. Of the ten lines that showed minimal (., arrest, eight had mutant p53 alÃ-eles,and two lines were heterozygous for p53 mutations. Both of the lines showing an intermediate response contained wild-type p53. Our results are consistent with the view that mutations abrogate the ability ofp53 to induce (-, arrest following radiation. Studies with the hÃ©tÃ©rozygotes showed that the mu tant protein can have a dominant negative influence upon wild-type Â¡>5.1. and the reduced ability of two normal p53 lines to arrest in t., indicated that p53 function can be impaired by other mechanisms. The radiosensitivity of most of the lines appeared to depend on the ability ofp53 to induce a G, arrest. The mean radiation dose that inhibited proliferation of the Class I lines by 50% was 0.98 Gy. Of the eight pS3 mutant cell lines tested, five lines required approximately 2.9 Gy to cause a 50% inhibition of cell proliferation. The two hÃ©tÃ©rozygotes were also more resistant to radiation than the Class I cells (50% inhibitory dose, 2.1 and 2.9 Gy). Our results suggest that radioresistance is afforded by a loss of function of wild-type p53, which would normally induce a G| arrest and promote cell death in the presence of DNA damage.
Tuberculosis Mortality and Living Conditions in Bern, Switzerland, 1856-1950

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a poverty-related disease that is associated with poor living conditions. We studied TB mortality and living conditions in Bern between 1856 and 1950. Methods We analysed cause-specific mortality based on mortality registers certified by autopsies, and public health reports 1856 to 1950 from the city council of Bern. Results TB mortality was higher in the Black Quarter (550 per 100,000) and in the city centre (327 per 100,000), compared to the outskirts (209 per 100,000 in 1911–1915). TB mortality correlated positively with the number of persons per room (r = 0.69, p = 0.026), the percentage of rooms without sunlight (r = 0.72, p = 0.020), and negatively with the number of windows per apartment (r = -0.79, p = 0.007). TB mortality decreased 10-fold from 330 per 100,000 in 1856 to 33 per 100,000 in 1950, as housing conditions improved, indoor crowding decreased, and open-air schools, sanatoria, systematic tuberculin skin testing of school children and chest radiography screening were introduced. Conclusions Improved living conditions and public health measures may have contributed to the massive decline of the TB epidemic in the city of Bern even before effective antibiotic treatment became finally available in the 1950s.
Turnover effect: risk or mispricing?The role of retail investors

The empirical relation of high turnover - low future returns, i.e. the turnover effect, became known after Datar et al. (1998) proposed turnover as an alternative to the bid-ask spread measure for liquidity. Turnover is the number of shares traded divided by the shares outstanding. The negative relation of returns and turnover expresses the illiquidity risk- returns relation. However, apart from the illiquidity risk premium advocates, other studies approach turnover and returns as being jointly determined by the same market dynamics, such as investors? sentiment and demand (e.g. Lee and Swaminathan, 2000) which can move prices away from fundamentals, causing mispricing effects. While the debate of illiquidity risk or mispricing remains unresolved, additional evidence about turnover? s impact on the effect of other known market regularities, such as momentum (Hvidkjaer, 2008), urges a deeper understanding of how and why turnover associates with returns.This thesis examines the nature of the turnover effect and contributes to the debate of risk or mispricing which is vivid in all areas of asset pricing. To my knowledge, it is the first study which empirically distinguishes between individual and institutional investors (clientele approach) in order to break down the turnover effect and explore its nature and mechanism. The clientele approach is flourishing in the literature on market anomalies and behavioural finance but remains less popular in non-market anomalies relations. This thesis shows the existence of a clientele effect disguised in the turnover effect and it thus highlights the usefulness of a clientele approach in asset pricing research in general. While the focus of the thesis is not to investigate the motivations for retail trading or the interactions with institutions, it contributes to research about retail investors, bringing evidence that the presence or absence of them plays an important role in the predictability of stock market returns. Finally, it points to the need for further research in behavioral finance and microstructure towards reaching a better understanding of clienteles and return generating mechanisms, to help build more efficient asset pricing theories and models. The analysis uses all common/ordinary NYSE and AMEX stocks from 1993 to 2011, and employs intraday data from Trades and Quotes. The results do not coincide with a risk compensation explanation and support a mispricing effect. Findings show that the turnover effect, in the period before the economic crisis in 2007 (within the crisis there is no evidence of a turnover effect) is very sensitive to the presence or absence of retail investors trading the stock. In the cross-section the turnover effect is driven by stocks traded heavily by retail investors, while it vanishes for stocks where institutional investors prevail.
Ectodomain Movements of an ATP-gated Ion Channel (P2X2 Receptor) Probed by Disulfide Locking*

Background: The ATP-gated channel (P2X2) receptor ectodomain is formed by β-strands from three subunits. Results: ATP-induced channel opening was prevented by disulfide locking between pairs of substituted cysteines in different subunits. Conclusion: The turret region, the lower body wall, and the outer ends of transmembrane domains move significantly in channel opening. Significance: Large ectodomain movements couple ATP binding to channel opening in P2X receptors. The ectodomain of the P2X receptor is formed mainly from two- or three-stranded β-sheets provided symmetrically by each of the three subunits. These enclose a central cavity that is closed off furthest from the plasma membrane (the turret) and that joins with the transmembrane helices to form the ion permeation pathway. Comparison of closed and open crystal structures indicates that ATP binds in a pocket positioned between strands provided by different subunits and that this flexes the β-sheets of the lower body and enlarges the central cavity: this pulls apart the outer ends of the transmembrane helices and thereby opens an aperture, or gate, where they intersect within the membrane bilayer. In the present work, we examined this opening model by introducing pairs of cysteines into the rat P2X2 receptor that might form disulfide bonds within or between subunits. Receptors were expressed in human embryonic kidney cells, and disulfide formation was assessed by observing the effect of dithiothreitol on currents evoked by ATP. Substitutions in the turret (P90C, P89C/S97C), body wall (S65C/S190C, S65C/D315C) and the transmembrane domains (V48C/I328C, V51C/I328C, S54C/I328C) strongly inhibited ATP-evoked currents prior to reduction with dithiothreitol. Western blotting showed that these channels also formed predominately as dimers and/or trimers rather than monomers. The results strongly support the channel opening mechanism proposed on the basis of available crystal structures.
Reviewing the Safety of Loratadine for Elderly Adults: A Potential Shortcoming of the 2012 Beers Criteria

veillance in long-term care facilities. Am J Infect Control 1991;19:1–7. 8. Juthani-Mehta M, Tinetti M, Perrelli E et al. Interobserver variability in the assessment of clinical criteria for suspected urinary tract infection in nursing home residents. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2008;29:446–449. 9. Went P, Achterberg W, Bruggink R et al. Richtlijn Urineweg-Infecties. [Guideline urinary tract infections]. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Verenso, Dutch Association of Elderly Care Physicians, 2006. 10. High KP, Bradley SF, Gravenstein S et al. Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation of fever and infection in older adult residents of long-term care facilities: 2008 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009;57:375–394. 11. Schmiemann G, Kniehl E, Gebhardt K et al. The diagnosis of urinary tract infection: A systematic review. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2010;107:361–367. 12. van den Hout WB, Caljouw MAA, Putter H et al. Cost-effectiveness of cranberry capsules to prevent urinary tract infections in long-term care facilities: Economic evaluation alongside a randomized controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014;62:111–116.
Incision history of Glenwood Canyon, Colorado, USA, from the uranium-series analyses of water-table speleothems

Uranium-series analyses of water-table-type speleothems from Glenwood Cavern and “cavelets” near the town of Glenwood Springs, Colorado, USA, yield incision rates of the Colorado River in Glenwood Canyon for the last ~1.4 My. The incision rates, calculated from dating cave mammillary and cave folia calcite situated 65 and 90 m above the Colorado River, are 174 ± 30 m/My for the last 0.46 My and 144 ± 30 m/My for the last 0.62 My, respectively. These are consistent with incision rates determined from nearby volcanic deposits. In contrast, δ234U model ages (1.39 ± 0.25 My; 1.36 ± 0.25 My; and 1.72 ± 0.25 My) from three different samples of mammillary-like subaqueous crust collected from Glenwood Cavern, 375 m above the Colorado River, yield incision rates of 271 +58/-41 m/My, 277 +61/-42 m/ My, and 218 +36/-27 m/My. These data suggest a relatively fast incision rate between roughly 3 and 1 Ma. The onset of Pleistocene glaciation may have influenced this rate by increasing precipitation on the Colorado Plateau starting at 2.5 Ma. Slowing of incision just before 0.6 Ma could be related to the change in frequency of glacial cycles from 40 to 100 kyr in the middle Pleistocene. This interpretation would suggest that the cutting power of the Colorado River prior to 3 Ma was smaller. An alternative interpretation involving tectonic activity would invoke an episode of fast uplift in the Glenwood Canyon region from 3 to 1 Ma.
Biomarkers Associated With Leishmania infantum Exposure, Infection, and Disease in Dogs

Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a vector-borne disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum species [syn. L. (L.) infantum chagasi species in the Americas] which is transmitted by the bite of a female phlebotomine sand fly. This parasitosis is endemic and affect millions of dogs in Asia, the Americas and the Mediterranean basin. Domestic dogs are the main hosts and the main reservoir hosts for human zoonotic leishmaniosis. The outcome of infection is a consequence of intricate interactions between the protozoan and the immunological and genetic background of the host. Clinical manifestations can range from subclinical infection to very severe disease. Early detection of infected dogs, their close surveillance and treatment are essential to control the dissemination of the parasite among other dogs, being also a pivotal element for the control of human zoonotic leishmaniosis. Hence, the identification of biomarkers for the confirmation of Leishmania infection, disease and determination of an appropriate treatment would represent an important tool to assist clinicians in diagnosis, monitoring and in giving a realistic prognosis to subclinical infected and sick dogs. Here, we review the recent advances in the identification of Leishmania infantum biomarkers, focusing on those related to parasite exposure, susceptibility to infection and disease development. Markers related to the pathogenesis of the disease and to monitoring the evolution of leishmaniosis and treatment outcome are also summarized. Data emphasizes the complexity of parasite-host interactions and that a single biomarker cannot be used alone for CanL diagnosis or prognosis. Nevertheless, results are encouraging and future research to explore the potential clinical application of biomarkers is warranted.
K-PALS Helping Kindergartners with Reading Readiness: Teachers and Researchers in Partnerships

the time to develop children’s readingreadiness skills. But many children either miss this essential step or, for one reason or another, were unable to take advantage of such instruction when they were in kindergarten. How do we ensure that all children take these essential steps toward being literate? To address the difficulty in connecting research and practice in this area (see box, “What Does the Literature Say? ”), we developed a process for teacher-researcher collaboration that has resulted in effective and valued practices. In this article, we describe the teacher-researcher collaboration and Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies for Kindergartners, or K-PALS, which was the reading readiness program produced by the partnership. We also explain why we developed K-PALS, and we briefly describe research showing that it promotes young children’s reading development and fits easily in classrooms.
Persistence in real exchange rate convergence

Abstract In this paper we use a long memory framework to examine the validity of the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) hypothesis using both monthly and quarterly data for a panel of 47 countries over a 50 year period (1957–2009). The analysis focuses on the long memory parameter d that allows us to obtain different convergence classifications depending on its value. Our analysis allows for the presence of smooth structural breaks and it does not rely on the use of a benchmark. Overall the evidence strongly points to the presence of a long memory process, where 0.5<d<1. The implication of our results is that we find long memory mean reverting convergence, something that is also consistent with Pesaran, M. H. , R. P. Smith, T. Yamagata, and L. Hvozdyk. 2009. “Pairwise Tests of Purchasing Power Parity. ” Econometric Reviews 28: 495–521. In explaining the speed of convergence as captured by the estimated long memory parameter d we find impediments to trade such as distance between neighboring countries and sticky prices to be mainly responsible for the slow adjustment of real exchange rates to PPP rather than nominal rates for all country groups but Asia, where the opposite is true.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CYNODON DACTYLON AGAINST HUMAN PATHOGENS.

Arthur Robin Raj V. N 1 , Mohammed A. Almalki 2 , Rakesh Varghese 3 and * Ponnuswamy Vijayaraghavan 4 . 1. The Salvation Army Catherine Booth Hospital, Nagercoil, Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, India. 2. Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. 3. Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Bharath University, Selaiyur, Chennai 73, India 4. Bioprocess Engineering Division, Smykon Biotech Pvt Ltd, Nagercoil, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Decadal variations in gravity caused by a tilt of the inner core

SUMMARY A tilt of the geometric figure of the inner core with respect to the mantle results in a global internal mass displacement. This comprises two parts: the redistribution of mass from the rigid equatorial rotation of the elliptical inner core; and that from global elastic deformations that occur to maintain the mechanical equilibrium. This global mass reorganization leads to changes in the moment of inertia tensor and, equivalently, to changes in the degree 2 component of the gravitational field. In this work, we compute the predicted changes in both gravity and in the moment of inertia tensor as a function of inner core tilt. We show that the inclusion of elastic deformations increases the amplitude of the gravity change at the surface by a factor 1.97. The Stokes coefficients that are the most affected are C 21, S 21: a tilt angle of 0.05 ◦ leads to a change in these coefficients of ∼4 × 10 −11 , while leading to changes in other coefficients of degree 2 that are three orders of magnitude smaller. Observed changes in C 21, S 21 and in polar motion contain decadal variations of undetermined origin; in an effort to determine whether these could be caused by temporal changes in inner core tilt, we compute the changes in C 21, S 21 based on the observed polar motion and compare this prediction against observed variations as determined by satellite laser ranging (SLR) between 1985 and 2005. We show that observed decadal changes in C 21, S 21 and in polar motion suggest that both are predominantly driven by variations in the moment of inertia tensor. The source of these variations cannot be unambiguously determined, nor can we confirm whether they are of internal or surficial origin. Changes in inner core tilt are then not necessarily the cause of these variations, though if they are, our results show that motion in the fluid core must not play a significant role in the global angular momentum balance.
Dual algorithm for l(1) isotonic optimization on a partially ordered set

Let X be a partially ordered finite set with a partial order $<<. $ A real-valued function g on X is called isotone with respect to $<<$ if g(x) $\le$ g(y) whenever x, y $\in$ X and X $<<$ y. Let G(X) be the set of all isotone functions on x. The problem being considered here is:(UNFORMATTED TABLE OR EQUATION FOLLOWS)$$\hbox{Minimize}\sum\sbsp{{\rm x}\in{\rm X}}{}\vert {\rm f(x)} - {\rm g(x)}\vert\hbox{ subject to } {\rm g}\in{\rm G(X). }\leqno{\rm (D):}$$(TABLE/EQUATION ENDS) This isotone optimization problems originates mainly from order restricted statistical inference. The ${\rm L}\sb2$ version of this problem has been fully discussed. In considering this ${\rm L}\sb1$ problem, we try to take advantage of duality. For any x in X, let U(x) and L(x) denote the immediate successors of x and the immediate predecessors of x respectively. Define the set $\cal L$ by $\cal L$ = $\{$ (x,y) $\vert$ x $\in$ X, y $\in$ U(x) $\}. $ Let w and F be functions on X and $\cal L$ respectively. The dual problem proposed here is:(UNFORMATTED TABLE OR EQUATION FOLLOWS)$$\line{{\rm (P)}\:\quad\hbox{Maximize }\sum\sbsp{{\rm x}\in{\rm X}}{}{\rm f(x)w(x)}\hbox{ subject to}}\vskip4pt\vbox{\halign{\quad#\hfil\quad&&\quad#\hfil\quad\cr (P-1):&w(x)\quad$\{0,+1,-1\},$&x $\in$ X\cr (P-2):&F(x,y) $\ge$ 0,&(x,y) $\in {\cal L}$\cr (P-3):&w(x) = $\sum\sbsp{{\rm y}\in{\rm U(x)}}{}{\rm F(x{,}y)} - &\sum\sbsp{{\rm z}\in{\rm L(x)}}{}{\rm F(z{,}x), x\in X}$. \cr}}$$(TABLE/EQUATION ENDS)A finite algorithm which utilizes network flows is constructed that solves both the primal and the dual simultaneously. This algorithm is also used to prove the duality theorems. The optimal criteria obtained are: (UNFORMATTED TABLE OR EQUATION FOLLOWS)$$\eqalign{\hbox{Condition A: }&\hbox{For each x in X, w(x) = sgn \lbrack f(x) $-$ g(x)\rbrack}\cr &\hbox{whenever f(x) $\ne$ g(x)}\cr \hbox{Condition B: }&\sum\sbsp{\rm x\in X}{}{\rm w(x)g(x)} = 0. \cr}$$(TABLE/EQUATION ENDS)
Independent Citizen Advocacy : The Past and The , Prospects

Franklin Zimring (1988), a consistently skeptical social observer, discussing these local advocacy groups says, “,. the mobilization by the groups] of public opinion has been partially responsible for the increased prominence of drunk driving as a public policy issue” (p. 374), and goes on to say, “My guess is that citizen action groups are a more important explanation [than others] of the passage of legislation in the 1980s” (p. 380). Finally, Mark Wolfson (1988) concluded in his systematic evaluation of the effects of local advocacy that the efforts of these groups positively affected State legislative initiatives and “may have [had] some influence on fatalities” (p. 9).
Family Histories and Teen Pregnancy in the United States and Canada.

Objective This study took a long view of childhood experiences that can contribute to the risk of teen pregnancy in the U.S. and Canada, two countries with different norms and policies surrounding family life and inequality. Background Teenage pregnancy is a major life experience arising from life course trajectories unfolding over a young woman's childhood. Cross-national comparisons can elucidate family-based pathways while embedding youth within broader national contexts of the U.S. and Canada, which are similar in some respects yet different in others. Method Longitudinal data from the U.S. NLSY79 Young Adult Survey (n = 3,122) and the Canadian NLSCY (n = 2,517) connected childhood histories to teenage pregnancy. Competing risk models estimated the risk of teenage pregnancy with family structure changes and episodes in poverty during childhood. Results Teenage pregnancy, family change, and poverty were more common in the U.S. In the U.S., only multiple experiences of instability and poverty were associated with greater risk of teenage pregnancy, but, in Canada, any experience of childhood disadvantage was associated with elevated risk. Conclusion The risk of teen pregnancy was higher among both U.S. and Canadian adolescents from more unstable and economically insecure families, and that link between cumulative experiences of childhood disadvantage and adolescent pregnancy was stronger in Canada. Implications Policies and interventions to reduce teen pregnancy must address childhood socioeconomic disadvantage.
H-Harmonic Maass-Jacobi Forms of Degree 1: The Analytic Theory of Some Indefinite Theta Series

It was shown in previous work that the one-variable $\widehat\mu$-function defined by Zwegers (and Zagier) and his indefinite theta series attached to lattices of signature $(r\! +\! 1,1)$ are both Heisenberg harmonic Maa\ss-Jacobi forms. We extend the concept of Heisenberg harmonicity to Maa\ss-Jacobi forms of arbitrary many elliptic variables, and produce indefinite theta series of "product type" for non-degenerate lattices of signature $(r\! +\! s,s)$. We thus obtain a clean generalization of $\widehat\mu$ to these negative definite lattices. From restrictions to torsion points of Heisenberg harmonic Maa\ss-Jacobi forms, we obtain harmonic weak Maa\ss\ forms of higher depth in the sense of Zagier and Zwegers. In particular, we explain the modular completion of some, so-called degenerate indefinite theta series in the context of higher depth mixed mock modular forms. The structure theory for Heisenberg harmonic Maa\ss-Jacobi forms developed in this paper also explains a curious splitting of Zwegers's two-variable $\widehat\mu$-function into the sum of a meromorphic Jacobi form and a one-variable Maa\ss-Jacobi form.