Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Control of Stand Alone Microgrid for Peak and off-peak Hours Operation

Microgrid faces power quality issues like voltage and frequency unbalance due to its low inertia. The limited generation and heterogeneous load switching results in generation scarcity and hence affect the power quality. The intermittent availability of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) also hampers seamless power transfer. Thus, this paper presents a hierarchical control strategy where the primary control strategy maintains the voltage through a closed-loop inverter control technique and frequency through P-f droop mechanism. The secondary control implements a load management strategy to reduce peak demand and maintain frequency through Demand Side Management (DSM) by scheduling Thermostatic Control Loads (TCLs) and grid-tied electric vehicles. In recent scenarios, the usage of such loads is gaining ground hence scheduling results in balancing generation and demand. The voltage and frequency should be maintained adhere to IEEE 1547.1 by taking utmost priority to the customer’s comfort. The test system comprises of modified IEEE 13 bus system connected with PV, Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), and Diesel Generator (DZ) for emergency purposes. The hierarchical control strategy is advantageous for peak and off-peak loading conditions with drastic load variation.
Spectral light quality on the seabed matters for macroalgal community composition at the extremities of light limitation

Compromised light quantity on the seabed affects the composition and resilience of marine forests and the maintenance of ecosystem services. However, the response of macroalgal assemblages to changes in the quality (spectral composition) of light as compared to the quantity alone is poorly understood. Here, we bridge radiative transfer modeling and algal physiology to simulate the underwater light environment and explore macroalgal responses to spectral attenuation by various coastal water constituents. We considered three groups of macroalgal taxa (class Phaeophyceae and, phyla Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta) for which we developed a “synthetic envelope” of spectrally resolved action spectra using 1 million radiative simulations. We found that brown algae were more efficient at harvesting light across the whole spectrum at low attenuation (< 0.2 m−1) when depths were greater than 10 m, whereas green algae dominated shallower depths than 10 m for low to high attenuation values. Finally, red algae made best use of the available light at relatively higher attenuation values (> 0.2 m−1) and deeper depths. We also demonstrated that the brown and green algal taxa showed higher photosynthetic efficiencies when attenuation was dominated by particulate matter rather than by phytoplankton or detrital matter. Our results shed new light on the “Complementary Chromatic Adaptation” hypothesis by confirming that algal pigmentation matters under a subset of scenarios, particularly at the limits of light availability in coastal waters. This study paves the way for identifying competitive thresholds in macroalgal communities by using satellite‐derived ocean color products to identify regions and depths of potential optical transitions.
Response characteristics of a finite aperture, phase insensitive ultrasonic receiver based upon the acoustoelectric effect

The acoustoelectric effect (i.e., the interaction of ultrasound with conduction electrons in a piezoelectric semiconductor) provides the basis for the construction of a finite aperture, phase insensitive receiver using a single crystal of cadmium sulfide. In this paper we present a formalism describing the operation of such a receiver. Criteria for the optimization of the device in terms of ultrasonic bandwidth, response time, sensitivity, and electrical and mechanical loading are presented. In an accompanying paper [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 70, 1377–1386 (1981)], we discuss and demonstrate the merits of using a phase insensitive receiver when measurements of a phase distorted (spatially noncoherent) ultrasonic radiation must be made.
Remote Interference Discrimination Testbed Employing AI Ensemble Algorithms for 6G TDD Networks

The Internet-of-Things (IoT) massive access is a significant scenario for sixth-generation (6G) communications. However, low-power IoT devices easily suffer from remote interference caused by the atmospheric duct under the 6G time-division duplex (TDD) mode. It causes distant downlink wireless signals to propagate beyond the designed protection distance and interfere with local uplink signals, leading to a large outage probability. In this paper, a remote interference discrimination testbed is originally proposed to detect interference, which supports the comparison of different types of algorithms on the testbed. Specifically, 5,520,000 TDD network-side data collected by real sensors are used to validate the interference discrimination capabilities of nine promising AI algorithms. Moreover, a consistent comparison of the testbed shows that the ensemble algorithm achieves an average accuracy of 12% higher than the single model algorithm.
The Preventive Effect of Specific Collagen Peptides against Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy in Mice

Muscle atrophy, also known as muscle wasting, is the thinning of muscle mass due to muscle disuse, aging, or diseases such as cancer or neurological problems. Muscle atrophy is closely related to the quality of life and has high morbidity and mortality. However, therapeutic options for muscle atrophy are limited, so studies to develop therapeutic agents for muscle loss are always required. For this study, we investigated how orally administered specific collagen peptides (CP) affect muscle atrophy and elucidated its molecular mechanism using an in vivo model. We treated mice with dexamethasone (DEX) to induce a muscular atrophy phenotype and then administered CP (0.25 and 0.5 g/kg) for four weeks. In a microcomputed tomography analysis, CP (0.5 g/kg) intake significantly increased the volume of calf muscles in mice with DEX-induced muscle atrophy. In addition, the administration of CP (0.25 and 0.5 g/kg) restored the weight of the gluteus maximus and the fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) of the pectoralis major and calf muscles, which were reduced by DEX. CP significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of myostatin and the phosphorylation of Smad2, but it did not affect TGF-β, BDNF, or FNDC5 gene expression. In addition, AKT/mTOR, a central pathway for muscle protein synthesis and related to myostatin signaling, was enhanced in the groups that were administered CP. Finally, CP decreased serum albumin levels and increased TNF-α gene expression. Collectively, our in vivo results demonstrate that CP can alleviate muscle wasting through a multitude of mechanisms. Therefore, we propose CP as a supplement or treatment to prevent muscle atrophy.
Baculum shape complexity correlates to metrics of post‐copulatory sexual selection in Musteloidea

The penis bone, or baculum, is present in many orders of mammals, although its function is still relatively unknown, mainly due to the challenges with studying the baculum in vivo. Suggested functions include increasing vaginal friction, prolonging intromission and inducing ovulation. Since it is difficult to study baculum function directly, functional morphology can give important insights. Shape complexity techniques, in particular, are likely to offer a useful metric of baculum morphology, especially since finding homologous landmarks on such a structure is challenging. This study focuses on measuring baculum shape complexity in the Musteloidea—a large superfamily spanning a range of body sizes with well‐developed, qualitatively diverse bacula. We compared two shape complexity metrics—alpha shapes and ariaDNE and conducted analyses over a range of six different coefficients, or bandwidths, in 32 species of Musteloidea. Overall, we found that shape complexity, especially at the baculum distal tip, is associated with intromission duration using both metrics. These complexities can include hooks, bifurcations and other additional projections. In addition, alpha shapes complexity was also associated with relative testes mass. These results suggest that post‐copulatory mechanisms of sexual selection are probably driving the evolution of more complex‐shaped bacula tips in Musteloidea and are likely to be especially involved in increasing intromission duration during copulation.
Bipolar resistive switching characteristics of low temperature grown ZnO thin films by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition

ZnO films deposited by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) have been used to investigate resistive memory behavior. The bipolar resistance switching properties were observed in the Al/PEALD-ZnO/Pt devices. The resistance ratio for the high and low resistance states (HRS/LRS) is more than 103, better than ZnO devices deposited by other methods. The dominant conduction mechanisms of HRS and LRS are trap-controlled space charge limited current and Ohmic behavior, respectively. The resistive switching behavior is induced upon the formation/disruption of conducting filaments. This study demonstrated that the PEALD-ZnO films have better properties for the application in 3D resistance random access memory.
Multi-Category Fruit Image Classification Based on Interactive Segmentation

Image classification is the most basic and mature visual task in computer vision. Recently, image classification technology has been widely used. However, a limitation exists in single target recognition and classification tasks for multicategory images. In fruit image classification with complex content of the target image and rich fruit categories, the single use of classification network generation often cannot accurately classify a single-fruit target. To solve this problem, an interactive segmentation-based method for single-category fruit classification in multi-category fruit images is proposed. Herein, an interactive segmentation network and an attention classification network based on deep learning are combined. The interactive segmentation network based on interactive points segments the target to be classified in the image. Then, the classification network identifies and classifies the fruit separately to eliminate the interference of other categories and background information in the image. The classification network is trained on 360 datasets of fruits. The segmentation method before classification can effectively identify single-category fruits in multi-category fruit images. Also, the segmentation and background removal improve the recognition probability of the classification network for a single category of fruit images. Thus, the segmentation method before classification effectively solves single-category fruit classification tasks in multi-category fruit images.
Conformal Yano - Killing tensors and asymptotic CYK tensors for the Schwarzschild metric

We show some general properties of the conformal Yano - Killing tensor on a Riemannian manifold. Several differential and algebraic equations are derived. The asymptotic conformal Yano - Killing tensor proposed earlier by the author is analysed for the Schwarzschild metric and the tensor equations defining this object are given. The result shows that the Schwarzschild metric (and other metrics which are asymptotically `Schwarzschildean' up to at spatial infinity) is among the metrics fulfilling stronger asymptotic conditions and supertranslation ambiguities disappear. It is also clear from the result that 14 asymptotic gravitational charges are well defined on the `Schwarzschildean' background.
Interaction of Lysozyme with Poly(L-lysine)/Hyaluronic Acid Multilayers: An ATR-FTIR Study

Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM) loaded with bioactive molecules such as proteins serve as excellent mimics of an extracellular matrix and may find applications in fields such as biomedicine and cell biology. A question which is crucial to the successful employment of PEMs is whether conformation and bioactivity of the loaded proteins is preserved. In this work, the polarized attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) technique is applied to investigate the conformation of the protein lysozyme (Lys) loaded into the poly(L-lysine)/hyaluronic acid (PLL/HA) multilayers. Spectra are taken from the protein in the PEMs coated onto an ATR crystal during protein adsorption and desorption. For comparison, a similar investigation is performed for the case of Lys in contact with the uncoated crystal. The study highlights the presence of both “tightly” and “poorly bound” Lys fractions in the PEM. These fractions differ in their conformation and release behavior from the PEM upon washing. Comparison of spectra recorded with different polarizations suggests preferential orientation of alpha helical structures, beta sheets and turns in the “tightly bound” Lys. In contrast, the “poorly bound” fraction shows isotropic orientation and its conformation is well preserved.
Branching laws for endomorphisms of fermions and the Cuntz algebra O2

Fermions are expressible in terms of polynomials in the canonical generators and their ∗-conjugates of the Cuntz algebra O2. A canonical construction of such fermions is called a recursive fermion system. In this paper, various unital ∗-endomorphisms of the algebra of fermions are explicitly constructed by using the recursive fermion system. We investigate how such endomorphisms transform the Fock representation, the infinite wedge representation, and their duals.
Heavy Rains and Flooding in Montana: A Case for Operational Use of Symmetric Instability Diagnosis

Abstract A strongly developing cyclone east of the Rockies moved northward along the Montana/North Dakota border between 24–26 September 1986 and deposited over 1 in. of rain throughout much of eastern Montana. Included in this area of precipitation was an embedded heavy band, with rainfall amounts exceeding 7 in. over a 36-hour period. Often when significant banding exists across a relatively homogeneous precipitation area, symmetric instability may exist. Slantwise convection associated with this area of instability may be the source of the precipitation banding. Conceptual models are described, based on available synoptic data and computer derived fields, which suggest the frontogenetic dynamics necessary to utilize the symmetric instability in the form of banded convection. The potential for operational use of symmetric instability concepts are discussed with respect to today's and the future operational environment.
Audit pricing puzzle: Do audit firm industry specialization and audit report lag matter?

Abstract This study examines whether audit firm industry specialization and audit report time lag (ARL) matter in the audit fees puzzle. Specifically, we examine the moderating effect of audit time lag on the audit firm industry specialization and audit fees nexus. We use dataset from 100 quoted and unquoted Ghanaian firms from 2008 to 2018. We find that audit firm industry specialization exhibits a significant positive impact on audit fees and a significant negative effect on ARL. The results of the interaction between audit firm industry specialization and ARL also display a negative association with audit fee, signifying that specialization significantly reduces audit fee premium paid provided these experts produce the financial report in a short time. Further analysis on large and small companies, state-owned and private companies, weak and strong internal controls also indicate the significance of audit firm industry specialization and reporting time lag in explaining audit pricing puzzle. The novelty aspect of this study is the analysis of the moderation effect of audit timeliness on the audit firm industry specialization and audit fees nexus in the context of a lax enforcement of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles environment.
Application of a three-fluid nozzle for the preparation of amorphous solid dispersions

Abstract In this work, the manufacture of amorphous solid dispersions of poorly water-soluble carbamazepine using a laboratory spray drying setup with a three-fluid nozzle and two separate liquid feed solutions of (a) the active and (b) the polymeric excipient (copovidone or basic butylated methacrylate copolymer) was investigated and compared to a traditional two-fluid nozzle setup. Results show that particles with the desired drug content were manufactured using the three-fluid nozzle setup. Amorphous solid dispersion could be obtained up to a drug load of 50% (w/w) processing solutions with miscible solvents and copovidone as polymer. Higher active concentrations, the use of immiscible solvents or switching of the capillaries led to a substantial crystallization of carbamazepine as seen in XRD and DSC analysis. The polymorphic form IV of carbamazepine was formed in the presence of copovidone at high solid concentrations of the liquid feed.
Consideration of Nonlinear Effects in Different Receiver Architectures for Use in Passive Radar Systems

In passive radar systems the high dynamic range between the received reflected signal and the received signal of neighboring strong transmitters as well as the direct signal causes high demands on the receivers. Since a real receiver never shows a perfect linear characteristic, this always implies nonlinear effects. Consequently, the in the receiver generated interfering signals lead to a reduced total sensitivity. According to the intensity and spectral distribution of the input signals, intermodulation noise is produced. This paper shows a consideration and an estimation of nonlinear effects in different receiver architectures, depending on various measured input spectra for passive FM radar.
Suppression of Multipactor Discharge by Using Graphene Coating of the Inner Walls of the Microwave Cavity

The paper presents the results of the experimental study of the effect of coating the inner walls of the microwave resonator with graphene on its electrodynamic parameters and the temporal evolution of the secondary emission resonant discharge (multifactor effect). Resonator of toroidal type with a resonance frequency of 2459 MHz was used. The gap distance between the electrode was 4 mm. Excitation of the resonator was carried out by a microwave generator with a maximum pulse microwave power up to 100 W and pulse duration 6 $\mu$s. In this work we investigate the development of the multipactor on the copper electrodes, the surface of which was coated with graphene by chemical vapor deposition method. It is shown that the graphene coating does not affect the electrodynamic parameters of the resonator (such as resonant frequency and quality factor) and suppresses the multipactor discharge in the used geometry of the cavity and the investigated range of microwave power.
Assessment of the Risk of Exotic Zika Virus Strain Transmission by Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus from Senegal Compared to a Native Strain

Zika virus (ZIKV) shows an enigmatic epidemiological profile in Africa. Despite its frequent detection in mosquitoes, few human cases have been reported. This could be due to the low infectious potential or low virulence of African ZIKV lineages. This study sought to assess the susceptibility of A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus to ZIKV strains from Senegal, Brazil, and New Caledonia. Vertical transmission was also investigated. Whole bodies, legs/wings and saliva samples were tested for ZIKV by real-time PCR to estimate infection, dissemination and transmission rates as well as the infection rate in the progeny of infected female A. aegypti. For A. aegypti, the Senegalese strain showed at 15 days post-exposure (dpe) a significantly higher infection rate (52.43%) than the Brazilian (10%) and New Caledonian (0%) strains. The Brazilian and Senegalese strains were disseminated but not detected in saliva. No A. aegypti offspring from females infected with Senegalese and Brazilian ZIKV strains tested positive. No infection was recorded for C. quinquefasciatus. We observed the incompetence of Senegalese A. aegypti to transmit ZIKV and the C. quinquefasciatus were completely refractory. The effect of freezing ZIKV had no significant impact on the vector competence of Aedes aegypti from Senegal, and vertical transmission was not reported in this study.
Adolescent–Caregiver Agreement Regarding the School Bullying and Cyberbullying Involvement Experiences of Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

School bullying and cyberbullying victimization and perpetration are prevalent in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (AASD). However, the levels of adolescent–caregiver agreement regarding the bullying involvement of AASD and the factors associated with these levels remain to be evaluated. In the present study, we evaluated the levels of adolescent–caregiver agreement on the school bullying and cyberbullying involvement experiences of AASD and the factors associated with the levels of agreement. This study included 219 dyads of AASD and their caregivers. The school bullying and cyberbullying involvement experiences of the participating AASD were assessed using the School Bullying Experience Questionnaire and the Cyberbullying Experiences Questionnaire, respectively. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), depressive and anxiety symptoms, and autistic social impairment were also assessed. AASD and their caregivers had poor to fair levels of agreement regarding the school bullying and cyberbullying victimization and perpetration experiences of AASD. Severe inattention, hyperactivity–impulsivity, ODD, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and autistic social impairment were associated with high levels of adolescent–caregiver agreement. When assessing the bullying involvement experiences of AASD, mental health professionals should obtain information from multiple sources. In addition, the factors influencing the levels of agreement should be considered.
Does low-intensity pulsed ultrasound accelerate phasic calcium phosphate ceramic-induced bone formation?

ABSTRACT Purpose: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been used to stimulate the healing of the fresh fracture, delayed union, and non-union in both animal and clinical studies. Besides, biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic (BCP) is a promising biomaterial for bone repair as it shows favorable biocompatibility, osteoinduction, and osteoconduction. However, scarcity is known about the combined effect of LIPUS and BCP on bone formation. Methods: The combined effect of LIPUS and BCP was studied in a beagle model. Twelve dogs were used. BCP granules without any additions were implanted into bilateral erector spinae muscles. One side is the BCP group, while the counterlateral side is LIPUS + BCP group. Histological and histomorphometric analyses, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were evaluated. Results: Compared with BCP alone, the LIPUS + BCP showed no advantages in early bone formation. Furthermore, the Notch signaling pathway-related mRNA has no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: The preliminary results showed that the BCP, which has intrinsic osteoinduction nature, was an effective and promising material. However, LIPUS has no enhanced effect in BCP induced ectopic bone formation. Furthermore, LIPUS has no effect on the Notch signaling pathway. Whether costly LIPUS could be used in combination with BCP should be a rethink.
Temperature dependence of energies and broadening parameters of the band-edge excitons of ReS 2 and ReSe 2

We have measured the temperature dependence of the spectral features in the vicinity of the direct gaps ${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{g}}^{\mathrm{d}}$ of ${\mathrm{ReS}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{ReSe}}_{2}$ in the temperature range between 25 and 450 K using piezoreflectance (PzR). From a detailed line-shape fit to the PzR spectra we have been able to determine accurately the temperature dependence of the energies and broadening parameters of the band-edge excitons. The parameters that describe the temperature variation of the transition energies and broadening function have been evaluated.