Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning for Discrimination of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Hypertensive Heart Disease on MRI Native T1 Maps.

BACKGROUND Native T1 and radiomics were used for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and hypertensive heart disease (HHD) differentiation previously. The current problem is that global native T1 remains modest discrimination performance and radiomics requires feature extraction beforehand. Deep learning (DL) is a promising technique in differential diagnosis. However, its feasibility for discriminating HCM and HHD has not been investigated. PURPOSE To examine the feasibility of DL in differentiating HCM and HHD based on T1 images and compare its diagnostic performance with other methods. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION 128 HCM patients (men, 75; age, 50 years ± 16) and 59 HHD patients (men, 40; age, 45 years ± 17). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3.0T; Balanced steady-state free precession, phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) and multislice native T1 mapping. ASSESSMENT Compare HCM and HHD patients baseline data. Myocardial T1 values were extracted from native T1 images. Radiomics was implemented through feature extraction and Extra Trees Classifier. The DL network is ResNet32. Different input including myocardial ring (DL-myo), myocardial ring bounding box (DL-box) and the surrounding tissue without myocardial ring (DL-nomyo) were tested. We evaluate diagnostic performance through AUC of ROC curve. STATISTICAL TESTS Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, ROC, and AUC were calculated. Independent t test, Mann-Whitney U-test and Chi-square test were adopted for HCM and HHD comparison. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS DL-myo, DL-box, and DL-nomyo models showed an AUC (95% confidential interval) of 0.830 (0.702-0.959), 0.766 (0.617-0.915), 0.795 (0.654-0.936) in the testing set. AUC of native T1 and radiomics were 0.545 (0.352-0.738) and 0.800 (0.655-0.944) in the testing set. DATA CONCLUSION The DL method based on T1 mapping seems capable of discriminating HCM and HHD. Considering diagnostic performance, the DL network outperformed the native T1 method. Compared with radiomics, DL won an advantage for its high specificity and automated working mode. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2.
Zoonosis and xenozoonosis in xenotransplantation: A proposal for a new classification

Xenotransplantation is under development in order to alleviate the shortage of human organs for the treatment of organ failure. For many reasons, including the ability to be easily cloned and genetically modified, pigs are used as donor animals. Numerous genetic modifications have been introduced to prevent immunological rejection and long survival times have been achieved when pig organs were transplanted into nonhuman primates. Xenotransplantation may be associated with the transmission of porcine viruses to the transplant recipients. Furthermore, xenotransplantation opens up a new field in zoonosis research because microorganisms can now be transferred directly into the recipient's body without the protection of the skin and because of immunosuppression even with reduced immunity. The transmission of the porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV), a porcine roseolovirus (PCMV/PRV), into nonhuman primates after receiving pig organs (Denner et al., 2020; Sekijima et al., 2014; Yamada et al., 2014) and into a human patient at the University of Maryland in Baltimore after the transplantation of a pig heart (Griffith et al., 2022) are wellstudied examples. PCMV/ PRV caused a severe disease characterized by thrombotic microangiopathy, consumptive coagulopathy and multiorgan failure in different nonhuman primates after xenotransplantation of pig kidneys and hearts from PCMV/PRVpositive donor pigs (Denner et al., 2020; Gollackner et al., 2003; Mueller et al., 2002; Sekijima et al., 2014; Yamada et al., 2014) despite the fact that the virus obviously does not infect primate including human cells (Denner, 2022; Tucker et al., 1999). Similar clinical symptoms were described in the Baltimore patient (Griffith et al., 2022). Therefore, this virus could be classified as a zoonotic virus, linked to a disease. PCMV/PRV replicates well in the pig xenotransplant probably due to the absence of the controlling pig immune system. The titre of the virus is high and increasing over time in the baboons (Denner et al., 2020) and the patient (Griffith et al., 2022). After the orthotopic transplantation of PCMV/PRVpositive pig hearts, increased levels of IL6 and TNFα as well as tPAPAI1 complexes were found in the baboons (Denner et al., 2020), suggesting that the virus directly interacts with the immune and endothelial cells of the recipient. On the contrary, no natural transmission of PCMV/PRV to humans, nor diseases were observed even though PCMV/PRV is ubiquitous in pig populations with a close to 100% seroprevalence (Liu et al., 2012) and despite the fact that humans have been living close to pigs for over a thousand years. Based on these data, the virus could not be classified as inducing a classical zoonosis. In contrast, hepatitis E virus genotype 3 (HEV3), which is also common in pig populations, is a classical zoonotic virus, which is infecting humans by eating undercooked pork or by contact. Although in most cases, the infection is not associated with a disease, in some cases, HEV infection can lead to acute and chronic hepatitis and extrahepatic
Ceramide Analog 5cc Overcomes TRAIL Resistance by Enhancing JNK Activation and Repressing XIAP Expression in Metastatic Colon Cancer Cells

Introduction: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is considered to be an effective apoptosis inducer due to its selectivity for tumor cells. However, many cancer cells, especially metastatic cancer cells, often exhibit resistance to TRAIL because their apoptotic pathway is impaired or their pro-survival pathway is overactivated. TRAIL resistance is the main obstacle to current TRAIL therapy. Nowadays, ceramide analogs represent a new class of potential anticancer agents. Therefore, we hypothesized that disrupting pro-survival signaling with ceramide analogs would increase TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Methods: MTT assay and flow cytometry were conducted to evaluate the synergistic effect of ceramide analog 5cc on TRAIL in metastatic colon cancer cells. Western blot was used to detect signaling proteins affected by 5cc. RNA interference was performed to analyze the effects of specific gene on 5cc-enhanced apoptosis. Results: Ceramide analog 5cc markedly enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis evidenced by increased propidium iodide/annexin V double-positive cells and PARP cleavage in SW620 and LS411N cells. At the molecular level, 5cc significantly reduced the expression of anti-apoptotic protein X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) through the activation of the c-Jun n-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway which is critically involved in sensitizing tumor cells to TRAIL/5cc combination. JNK-silenced cells exhibited a significant reversal of TRAIL/5cc-mediated apoptosis. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that ceramide analog 5cc overcomes TRAIL resistance by enhancing JNK activation and repressing XIAP expression in metastatic colon cancer cells.
Adaptive Discrete Event Simulation Systems to Embrace Changes of Requirements Using Event Control Models

During the development or deployment of discrete event simulation systems, many sudden changes in requirements emerge. To embrace the changes rapidly and reduce development costs, attaching reusable, and black-boxed components to existing systems has been regarded as one of the most effective approaches because modifications at the code level are generally costly and risky. However, since this approach requires components that are an exact fit, it may not be easy to avoid the modifications at the source code level actually. Moreover, the required components may not exist. Hence, this paper applies black-box extensibility to simulation systems in order to avoid the modifications. This paper proposes adaptive discrete event simulation systems using event control models for extending and modifying semantics through event-based simulation interface. With the proposed work, the simulation events are modulated, deleted, and generated by the event-oriented control functions in the event control model to embrace the changes of requirements. It can substitute for the modifications at the code level and extend the existing behavioral semantics. As a result, the proposed work provides a new alternative step in the development process with reusable components to avoid modifications at the source code level. The new step will lead to rapid adaptations of existing simulation systems. To support the effectiveness of this approach, this paper will describe applicable examples based on our empirical studies.
Climatic Variations in the Boundary Layer Height of Arid and Semiarid Areas in East Asia and North Africa

Based on the ERA-20C, climatic variations of the boundary layer height (BLH) over arid and semiarid areas in East Asia and North Africa that span 1900-2010 were analyzed. In East Asia, the BLH exhibited a descending trend from arid region centers to the periphery. Over the past 111 years, the BLH has had a rising trend of 14.0 m decade(-1). in the representative region (EA1) of the eastern areas with the 111-year average of 725 m and a decreasing trend of -1.6 m decade(-1). in the representative region (EA2) of the western areas with the 111-year average of 792 m. From the mid-1960s to 1970s, EA1's BLH had a sharp rise that caused the average to increase by 93 m after the 1980s. In North Africa, the BLH exhibited a high spatial distribution in the western and southern areas and a relatively low spatial distribution in the eastern and northern areas. Over the past 111 years, the BLH has had a rising trend of 9.7 m decade(-1). in the representative region (NA1) of the southwestern region with the 111-year average of 915 m and a decreasing trend of -6.3 m decade(-1). in the representative region (NA2) of other regions with the 111-year average of 882 m. In the 1940s and the 1970s, NA1's BLH had two obvious increases that caused the average to increase by 51 m and 22 m, respectively, while NA2's BLH had two obvious declines that caused the average to decrease by 48 m and 7 m, respectively. On the spatial distribution, the BLH, sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, and volumetric soil water had a good corresponding relationship. On the temporal change, the BLH in East Asia had a stronger correlation with thermodynamic factors, whereas the BLH in North Africa had a stronger correlation with dynamic factors. Besides, the upper-level stratification also has some influence on the BLH's change.
Dual effector population modification gene-drive strains of the African malaria mosquitoes, Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii

Significance Novel genetic strategies for the malaria eradication agenda exploit Cas9/gRNA (guide RNA)-based autonomous gene-drive systems carrying antiparasite effector genes, and these effectively reduce prevalence and numbers of the human parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, in the African malaria mosquitoes, Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii. Results from laboratory assessments of population gene-drive dynamics, transgene genetic loads, and parasite suppression efficacy informed modeling of conceptual field releases that show that hypothetical strains based on the empirical data could have a meaningful epidemiological impact in reducing human incidence by 50 to 90%.
Stability of Quantum Loops and Exchange Operations in the Construction of Quantum Computation Gates

Quantum information and quantum computation is a rapidly emergent field where quantum systems and their applications play a central role. In the gate version of quantum computation, the construction of universal quantum gates to manipulate quantum information is currently an intensive arena for quantum engineering. Specific properties of systems should be able to reproduce such idealized gates imitating the classically inspired computational gates. Recently, for magnetic systems driven by the bipartite Heisenberg-Ising model a universal set of gates has been realized, an alternative easy design for the Boykin set but using the Bell states as grammar. Exact control can be then used to construct specific prescriptions to achieve those gates. Physical parameters impose a challenge in the gate control. This work analyzes, based on the worst case quantum fidelity, the associated instability for the proposed set of gates. An strong performance is found in those gates for the most of quantum states involved.
Oktoechos Classification and Generation of Liturgical Music using Deep Learning Frameworks

An important feature of the music repertoire of the Syrian tradition is the system of classifying melodies into eight tunes, called ’oktoe\={c}hos’. In oktoe\={c}hos tradition, liturgical hymns are sung in eight modes or eight colours (known as eight ’niram’ in Indian tradition). In this paper, recurrent neural network (RNN) models are used for oktoe\={c}hos genre classification with the help of musical texture features (MTF) and i-vectors.The performance of the proposed approaches is evaluated using a newly created corpus of liturgical music in the South Indian language, Malayalam. Long short-term memory (LSTM)-based and gated recurrent unit(GRU)-based experiments report the average classification accuracy of 83.76\% and 77.77\%, respectively, with a significant margin over the i-vector-DNN framework. The experiments demonstrate the potential of RNN models in learning temporal information through MTF in recognizing eight modes of oktoe\={c}hos system. Furthermore, since the Greek liturgy and Gregorian chant also share similar musical traits with Syrian tradition, the musicological insights observed can potentially be applied to those traditions. Generation of oktoe\={c}hos genre music style has also been discussed using an encoder-decoder framework. The quality of the generated files is evaluated using a perception test.
Design considerations for quasi-phase-matching in doubly resonant lithium niobate hexagonal micro-resonators

Fabrication capabilities of high optical quality hexagonal superstructures by chemical etching of inverted ferroelectric domains in lithium niobate platform suggests a route for efficient implementation of compact hexagonal microcavities. Such nonlinear optical hexagonal micro-resonators are proposed as a platform for second harmonic generation (SHG) by the combined mechanisms of total internal reflection (TIR) and quasi-phase-matching (QPM). The proposed scheme for SHG via TIR-QPM in a hexagonal microcavity can improve the efficiency and also the compactness of SHG devices compared to traditional linear-type based devices. A simple theoretical model based on six-bounce trajectory and phase matching conditions was capable for obtaining the optimal cavity size. Furthermore numerical simulation results based on finite difference time domain beam propagation method analysis confirmed the solutions obtained by demonstrating resonant operation of the microcavity for the second harmonic wave produced by TIR-QPM. Design aspects, optimization issues and characteristics of the proposed nonlinear device are presented.
Non-destructive test to detect adulteration of rice using gas sensors coupled with chemometrics methods

In order to accurately determine and evaluate the odour of rice, it is necessary to identify the substances that affect that odour and to develop methods to determine their amounts. For more than three decades, researchers have been studying the factors that produce and influence the aroma of rice. An electronic nose can be used to detect the volatile compounds of rice, while an olfactory machine is capable of classifying and detecting the variety, origin, and storage time of rice with a high degree of effi - ciency. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of electronic noses and other chemometric methods such as principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis, and the Artificial Neural Network as a cost-effective, rapid, and non-destructive method for the detection of pure and adulterated rice varieties. Therefore, an electronic nose equipped with nine metal oxide semiconductor sensors with low power consumption was used. The results showed that the amount of variance accounted for by PC1 and PC4 was 98% for the samples used. Also, the classifi - cation accuracy of the linear discriminant analysis and Artificial Neural Network methods were 100%, respectively. The Support Vector Machines method (including Nu-SVM and C-SVM) was also used, which, in all its functions except the polynomial function, produced 100% accuracy in terms of training and validation.
Design and Implementation of a Responsive Web-based System for Controlling the Financial Budget of Universities

The management of the financial budget of universities is an extremely complex task due to having numerous different documents and calculation processes. In many developing regions and countries including the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, budget execution and accounting processes are manual. This had deleterious effects on the functioning of their expenditure and income management. This research represents the design and implementation of a responsive web-based system for controlling the financial budget of universities. This system can improve the recording and processing of financial transactions. Moreover, it traces all the stages of the transaction processing from budget releases, does auditing, and accounting of expenditures, incomes, deposits, and funds. Furthermore, it provides financial information on present and past performance. The system is a responsive web-based system, which adjusts the layout of the pages based on the screen size and orientation of the user's device. The system was implemented by using programming languages such as HTML, PHP, JavaScript, jQuery, AJAX, and MySQL. Finally, the provided system needed to be investigated from the performance point of view. Therefore, a questionnaire was used to determine the system’s usability by using the System Usability Scale (SUS) tool. The results revealed that a score of 86.250% of satisfaction has been achieved.
MIRACLE: multi-satellite Island image registration using anisotropic coherence locality enhanced nonlinear diffusion and Mahalanobis distance guided marginalization

ABSTRACT Feature in an image plays a crucial role for geometric image registration. The geo-registration problem becomes difficult for scanty feature islands’ images captured by high and medium spatial resolution remote sensing satellites over deep ocean water. The article presents an automatic multi-satellite image registration methodology for scanty feature island scenes, termed as MIRACLE. In data pre-processing stage, the multi-spectral and reference image are enhanced using anisotropic coherence for better localized feature demarking of island regions. The input multi-spectral images are transformed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to maximize the variance information for improved feature matching with reference image. Enhanced features are detected and described using nonlinear diffusion filtering, and the matched control points are pruned using Mahalanobis distance guided marginalization optimization technique. The estimated affine parameters are applied to generate multi-satellite co-registered data products. MIRACLE is evaluated with multi-temporal Indian Resourcesat multi-spectral images and NASA-USGS Landsat−8 OLI panchromatic images that span from 5.0-metre spatial resolution to 15.0-metre spatial resolution and cover the Lakshadweep islands in deep ocean. The visual quality assessment indicates that different island regions are aligned at sub-pixel level registration accuracy. The matching accuracy of MIRACLE is quantified for multi-resolution images and is found to have 2.6% improvement in Correct Matching Ratio (CMR) as compared to the state-of-the-art feature based image registration techniques. The average Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of island regions after precise geometric correction is found to be 0.45 pixel.
Using Wavelet Transformation and Edge Detection to Generate a Depth Map from a Single Image

Abstract A depth map is essential for 3D display. Traditional depth maps are derived from multi-images. Producing a depth map from a single image is a more challenging problem and much more difficult than that of from multi-images. We propose a novel approach that combines wavelet transformation with edge detection to generate depth information from a single image. A depth map is then generated by depth prediction. Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), the structural similarity image measure (SSIM), and computation time are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results reveal that the PSNR and SSIM of the proposed algorithm are larger than those produced in the traditional approach. The computation time of the proposed algorithm is less than that produced by the traditional approach. Furthermore, 1000 test images and the crossponding depth maps are produced in this study. The average of the three metrics was found to be superior to those of the traditional approach. The statistic tests were also significant for PSNR and TIME between the two approaches. We have also written and files four patent applications with respect to this work.
The Combined Use of Copper Sulfate and Trichlorfon Exerts Stronger Toxicity on the Liver of Zebrafish

In aquaculture, copper sulphate and trichlorfon are commonly used as disinfectants and insecticide, sometimes in combination. However, improper use can result in biotoxicity and increased ecological risks. The liver plays a crucial role in detoxification, lipid metabolism, nutrient storage, and immune function in fish. Selecting the liver as the main target organ for research helps to gain an in-depth understanding of various aspects of fish physiology, health, and adaptability. In the present study, zebrafish were exposed to Cu (0.5 mg/L) and Tri (0.5 mg/L) alone and in combination for 21 days. The results demonstrate that both Cu and Tri caused hepatocyte structure damage in zebrafish after 21 days of exposure, with the combination showing an even greater toxicity. Additionally, the antioxidant and immune enzyme activities in zebrafish liver were significantly induced on both day 7 and day 21. A transcriptome analysis revealed that Cu and Tri, alone and in combination, impacted various physiological activities differently, including metabolism, growth, and immunity. Overall, Cu and Tri, either individually or in combination, can induce tissue damage by generating oxidative stress in the body, and the longer the exposure duration, the stronger the toxic effects. Moreover, the combined exposure to Cu and Tri exhibits enhanced toxicity. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the combined use of heavy metal disinfectants and other drugs.
Factors Affecting Compilable State at Each Keystroke in CS1

In this paper, we analyze keystroke log data from two introductory programming courses from two distinct contexts to investigate the proportion of events that compile, how this relates to contextual factors, the progression of programs, and academic outcomes. We find that, as students write their programs, frequency of compile and run events increases as does the proportion of events that compile. We also find a spike in the number of compile and run events as a program nears completion, that the proportion of events that compile varies by assignment, length of program, and programming context, that real-time IDE error diagnostics lead to higher proportion of events that are in compilable state, and that a student’s awareness of their compilable state is correlated with exam score while the amount of time they spend in an uncompilable state is not. Among the practical implications of our work are the fact that researchers cannot rely on frequency of compilation remaining constant through an assignment and a call to researchers and practitioners to design pedagogies that enhance student awareness of their compilable state.