Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE REACTION-DIFFUSION THEORY OF MORPHOGENESIS

Morphogenesis is the biological process during embryonic development which gives rise to a spectrum of spatially differentiated forms. Since his seminal paper “The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis” in 1952, Alan Turing’s reaction-diffusion theory for morphogenesis has become a foundational model for studying self-organization behavior and pattern formation in biological, chemical, and physical systems. From how the leopard gets its spots to how panic and disease spreads throughout the masses, seemingly chaotic patterns in nature can be effectively studied with reaction-diffusion theory. While the cellular mechanisms that drive pattern formation and give rise to complex hierarchical structural architectures in natural materials such as bamboo are of great abstract and applied interest, relevant computational models remain largely unexplored. This paper provides (1) an introduction to reaction-diffusion theory and agent-based modeling, (2) a review of biological pattern formation and the role of reaction-diffusion systems for morphogenesis, and (3) an implementation of two cellular models, a cellular automaton (CA) and the cellular Potts model, to simulate Turing patterns under varying inhibitor field values and cell-cell adhesion energy coefficients respectively.
Market power and growth: new developments

Since the early 1970s, productivity growth has slowed down in most advanced economies, in particular in the United States. In this country, this slowdown has been accompanied by an increase in the market power of firms and a decrease in the share of labour in national income. A large swathe of macroeconomic literature has attempted in recent years to identify and explain these facts. This article focuses on a technological explanation, in the context of the digital revolution.
How flipping your first-year digital circuits course positively affects student perceptions and learning

Given the recent call for engineering faculty to employ more student-centered learning strategies with course objectivesthat align with real-world, application of content, the current study discusses the implementation and benefits of the flippedclassroom in a lower-level engineering course. Using the same course content, student end of course opinion surveys werecompared for a traditional lecture (n= 23) and flipped digital circuits engineering class (n= 29). In particular, three itemsfrom the student opinion survey were of interest: instructor’s teaching helped me learn, accessible to students, andorganized course well. It was predicted that student ratings would be more positive on each of the three identified end ofcourse opinion survey items for the flipped class compared to its traditional lecture counterpart. Results supported thestudy’s prediction in addition to providing supplemental findings for the future use of the flipped classroom in engineeringand other STEM courses. The multiple benefits of the flipped class pedagogical strategy are discussed with respect to futureimplementations for faculty teaching STEM courses.
Diabetes management interventions for homeless adults

Objectives Recent studies investigating diabetes show that inequalities to access appropriate care still persists. Whilst most of the general population are able to access a suitable quality of care, there are a number of groups who fail to receive the same standard. The objective of this review was to identify existing diabetes management interventions for homeless adults. Methods A literature search was conducted in February 2017, and repeated in September 2020. Results Of the 223 potentially relevant articles identiﬁed, only 26 were retrieved for detailed evaluation, and 6 met the inclusion criteria. Papers focusing on the management of diabetes in homeless people were included. The studies used interventions including diabetes education; medication support and supplies for blood monitoring; improvements in self-care behaviours; improvements in diabetes control; patient and community engagement/partnerships. Conclusions Effective strategies for addressing the challenges and obstacles that the homeless population face, requires innovative, multi-sectored, ﬂexible and well-coordinated models of care. Without appropriate support, these groups of people are prone to experience poor control of their diabetes; resulting in an increased risk of developing major health complications.
Sending quantum entanglement through noisy channels

This paper addresses some general questions of quantum information theory arising from the transmission of quantum entanglement through (possibly noisy) quantum channels. A pure entangled state is prepared of a pair of systems $R$ and $Q$, after which $Q$ is subjected to a dynamical evolution given by the superoperator $\superop^{Q}$. Two interesting quantities can be defined for this process: the entanglement fidelity $F_{e}$ and the entropy production $S_{e}$. It turns out that neither of these quantities depends in any way on the system $R$, but only on the initial state and dynamical evolution of $Q$. $F_{e}$ and $S_{e}$ are related to various other fidelities and entropies, and are connected by an inequality reminiscent of the Fano inequality of classical information theory. Some insight can be gained from these techniques into the security of quantum cryptographic protocols and the nature of quantum error-correcting codes.
Beliefs of East Asian Adolescents Regarding Maternal Love and Moral Autonomy

The Belief in Maternal Love (BML) is a cultural belief, in which the mother is regarded as a generous and a great entity. In this study, the relationship between the BML and moral autonomy in family relationships was examined. Participants were 646 college students in East Asia (Beijing: 195. Seoul: 217, Tokyo and Nagoya: 234, Mean age: 20 years). Results indicated that the factor structure of BML of participants in the three societies was similar. The stronger the BML, the stronger was the attitude of self-sacrifice for the family. However, the correlation between BML and the unilateral acceptance of parental authority was not significant. Moreover, there was a slight negative correlation with the individualistic attitude of prioritizing personal demands over family demands. These results suggest that BML is a cultural belief that does not restrict individualistic moral attitudes, but that it exists independent of it.
The Stochastic Ice-Sheet and Sea-Level System Model v1.0 (StISSM v1.0)

We introduce the ﬁrst version of the Stochastic Ice-sheet and Sea-level System Model (StISSM v1.0), which adds stochastic parameterizations within a state-of-the-art large-scale ice sheet model. In StISSM v1.0, stochastic parameterizations target climatic ﬁelds with internal variability, as well as glaciological processes exhibiting variability that cannot be resolved at the spatiotemporal resolution of ice sheet models: calving and subglacial hydrology. Because both climate and unresolved glaciological processes include internal variability, stochastic parameterizations allow StISSM v1.0 to account for the impacts of their high-frequency variability on ice dynamics and on the long-term evolution of modeled glaciers and ice sheets. StISSM v1.0 additionally includes statistical models to represent surface mass balance and oceanic forcing as autoregressive processes. Such models, once appropriately calibrated, allow users to sample irreducible uncertainty in climate prediction without the need for computationally expensive ensembles from climate models. When combined together, these novel features of StISSM v1.0 enable quantiﬁcation of irreducible uncertainty in ice sheet model simulations and of ice sheet sensitivity to noisy forcings. We detail the implementation strategy of StISSM v1.0, evaluate its capabilities in idealized model experiments, demonstrate its applicability at the scale of a Greenland ice sheet simulation, and highlight priorities for future developments. Results from our test experiments demonstrate the complexity of ice sheet response to variability, such as asymmetric and/or non-zero mean responses to symmetric, zero-mean imposed variability. They also show differing levels of projection uncertainty for stochastic variability in different processes. These features are in line with results from stochastic experiments in climate and ocean models, as well as with the theoretical expected behavior of noise-forced non-linear systems.
Model-based Approaches to Privacy Compliance

In the last decade, information technologies have been developing dramatically, and therefore data harvested via the Internet is growing rapidly. This technological change has a negative impact on privacy due to the sensitivity of the data collected and shared without convenient control or monitoring. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of the European Union has been in effect for more than three years, limiting how organizations collect, manage, and handle personal data. The GDPR poses both new challenges and opportunities for technological institutions. In this work, we address various aspects of privacy and propose approaches that can overcome some challenges of the GDPR. We focus on improving two currently adopted approaches to leverage them to enforce some of the GDPR’s requirements by design. Thefirst part of this work is devoted to developing an access control model to effectively capture the nature of information accessed and shared in online social networks (OSNs). They might raise serious problems in what concerns users’ privacy. One privacy risk is caused by accessing and sharing co-owned data items, i.e., when a user posts a data item that involves other users, some users’ privacy might be disclosed. Another risk is caused by the privacy settings offered by OSNs that do not, in general, allow fine-grained enforcement. We propose a collaborative access control framework to deal with such privacy issues. We also present a proof-of-concept implementation of our approach. In the second part of the thesis, we adopt Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs) as a convenient representation to integrate privacy engineering activities into software design. DFDs
CALC-2020: a new baseline land cover map at 10 m resolution for the circumpolar Arctic

The entire Arctic is rapidly warming, which brings in a multitude of environmental consequences far beyond the northern high-latitude limits. Land cover maps offer biophysical insights into the terrestrial environment and are therefore essential for understanding the transforming Arctic in the context of anthropogenic activity and climate change. Satellite remote sensing has revolutionized our ability to capture land cover information over large areas. However, circumpolar Arctic-scale ﬁne-resolution land cover mapping has so far been lacking. Here, we utilize a combination of multimode satellite observations and topographic data at 10 m resolution to provide a new baseline land cover product (CALC-2020) across the entire terrestrial Arctic for circa 2020. Accuracy assessments suggest that the CALC-2020 product exhibits satisfactory performances, with overall accuracies of 79.3 % and 67.3 %, respectively, at validation sample locations and ﬁeld/ﬂux tower sites. The derived land cover map displays reasonable agreement with pre-existing products, meanwhile depicting more subtle polar biome patterns. Based on the CALC-2020 dataset, we show that nearly half of the Arctic landmass is covered by graminoid tundra or lichen/moss. Spatially, the land cover composition exhibits regional dominance, reﬂecting the complex suite of both biotic and abiotic processes that jointly determine the Arctic landscape. The CALC-2020 product we developed can be used to improve Earth system modelling and beneﬁt the ongoing efforts on sustainable Arctic land management by public and non-governmental sectors. The CALC-2020 land cover product is freely available on Science Data Bank: https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.01869 (Xu et al., 2022a).
Genome, biology and stability of the Thurquoise phage – A new virus from the Bastillevirinae subfamily

Bacteriophages from the Bastillevirinae subfamily (Herelleviridae family) have proven to be effective against bacteria from the Bacillus genus including organisms from the B. cereus group, which cause food poisoning and persistent contamination of industrial installations. However, successful application of these phages in biocontrol depends on understanding of their biology and stability in different environments. In this study, we isolated a novel virus from garden soil in Wrocław (Poland) and named it ‘Thurquoise’. The genome of that phage was sequenced and assembled into a single continuous contig with 226 predicted protein-coding genes and 18 tRNAs. The cryo-electron microscopy revealed that Thurquoise has complex virion structure typical for the Bastillevirinae family. Confirmed hosts include selected bacteria from the Bacillus cereus group–specifically B. thuringiensis (isolation host) and B. mycoides, but susceptible strains display different efficiency of plating (EOP). The eclipse and latent periods of Thurquoise in the isolation host last ~ 50 min and ~ 70 min, respectively. The phage remains viable for more than 8 weeks in variants of the SM buffer with magnesium, calcium, caesium, manganese or potassium and can withstand numerous freeze–thaw cycles if protected by the addition of 15% glycerol or, to a lesser extent, 2% gelatine. Thus, with proper buffer formulation, this virus can be safely stored in common freezers and refrigerators for a considerable time. The Thurquoise phage is the exemplar of a new candidate species within the Caeruleovirus genus in the Bastillevirinae subfamily of the Herelleviridae family with a genome, morphology and biology typical for these taxa.
Powering Earth's Ancient Dynamo With Silicon Precipitation

Earth's core has produced a global magnetic field for at least the last 3.5 Gyrs, presently sustained by inner core (IC) growth. Models of the core with high thermal conductivity suggest potentially insufficient power available for the geodynamo prior to IC formation ∼1 Ga. Precipitation of silicon from the liquid core might offer an alternative power source for the ancient magnetic field, although few estimates of the silicon partition coefficient exist for conditions of the early core. We present the first ab initio determination of the silicon partition coefficient at core‐mantle boundary conditions and use these results to confirm a thermodynamic description of partitioning that is integrated into a model of coupled core‐mantle thermal evolution. We show that models including precipitation of silicon can satisfy constraints of IC size, mantle convective heat flux, mantle temperature and a persistent ancient geodynamo, and favor an oxygen poor initial core composition.
Vocational Training, Extension, and the Changing Landscape of Agricultural Education in India

Since 2013, India has been introducing new, nationally standardised agricultural vocational training programmes, as part of the broader Skill India initiative of vocational education reform. Yet, given a dearth of existing specialised vocational education centres capable of providing agricultural training, India has been relying on other institutions to implement training at the ground level, notably institutions of agricultural extension. This has given rise to several tensions, as agricultural vocational education and agricultural extension proceed from different assumptions. In the course of conducting fieldwork involving 102 interviews with trainers and trainees and direct observation of training programmes in North India, three key sources of tension were identified. These related to (1) the importance of practical learning; (2) suitable durations for training programmes; and (3) the relevance of centralised planning. Investigating these three tensions sheds light on the need for alternative institutional and pedagogical approaches to agricultural education to meet the needs of rural communities in contemporary India, and the global south.
Second Hand Tobacco Smoke among Primary School Children in Alexandria

: Importance: SHS causing damage to individual health. Children are the most vulnerable group exposed to SHS. Objective: The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of second hand tobacco smoke among governmental primary school children aged 10-12 years in Alexandria. Design: Using a cross sectional study. A predesigned structured interviewing questionnaire was used to collect data from the children to calculate the prevalence of SHS. Setting: Governmental primary school children in Alexandria, Egypt. Participant: Children of grade six student in the governmental primary school children were included in the study. Results: The prevalence of SHS among primary school children was 62.3%. The proportion of smoking did not differ significantly among participants with different degrees of parents’ education and occupation. Although the odds of smoking increased with decreased level of parents’ education and occupation. Conclusion and Relevance: It was found that the majority of the children were exposed to SHS.
Quartic Anharmonicity in Different Spatial Dimensions

A path-integral method effective beyond the perturbation expansion approach is suggested to consider the quartic anharmonicity in different spatial dimensions. Due to an optimal representation of the partition function, the leading term has already taken into account the correct strong-coupling behaviour. In the simplest cases of zero and one dimension we have obtained reasonable results in a simple way. Then, this technique is applied to the superrenormalizable scalar theory phi^4_2 in two dimensions. This results in an accurate estimation of the ground-state energy that provides exact weak- and strong-coupling behaviour already in the leading-order approximation. The next-to-leading terms give rise in insignificant corrections.
School and community driven dengue vector control and monitoring in Myanmar: Study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial

Background Dengue is the most common and widespread mosquito-borne arboviral disease globally estimated to cause >390 million infections and >20,000 deaths annually. There are no effective preventive drugs and the newly introduced vaccines are not yet available. Control of dengue transmission still relies primarily on mosquito vector control. Although most vector control methods currently used by national dengue control programs may temporarily reduce mosquito populations, there is little evidence that they affect transmission. There is an urgent need for innovative, participatory, effective, and locally adapted approaches for sustainable vector control and monitoring in which students can be particularly relevant contributors and to demonstrate a clear link between vector reduction and dengue transmission reduction, using tools that are inexpensive and easy to use by local communities in a sustainable manner. Methods Here we describe a cluster randomized controlled trial to be conducted in 46 school catchment areas in two townships in Yangon, Myanmar. The outcome measures are dengue cases confirmed by rapid diagnostic test in the townships, dengue incidence in schools, entomological indices, knowledge, attitudes and practice, behavior, and engagement. Conclusions The trial involves middle school students that positions them to become actors in dengue knowledge transfer to their communities and take a leadership role in the delivery of vector control interventions and monitoring methods. Following this rationale, we believe that students can become change agents of decentralized vector surveillance and sustainable disease control in line with recent new paradigms in integrated and participatory vector surveillance and control. This provides an opportunity to operationalize transdisciplinary research towards sustainable health development. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and political instability in Myanmar the project has been terminated by the donor, but the protocol will be helpful for potential future implementation of the project in Myanmar and/or elsewhere. Registration: This trial was registered in the ISRCTN Registry on 31 May 2022 ( https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN78254298).
Geologic and geodetic constraints on the magnitude and frequency of earthquakes along Malawi's active faults: the Malawi Seismogenic Source Model (MSSM)

Abstract. Active fault data are commonly used in seismic hazard assessments, but there are challenges in deriving the slip rate, geometry, and frequency of earthquakes along active faults. Herein, we present the open-access geospatial Malawi Seismogenic Source Model (MSSM; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5599616), which describes the seismogenic properties of faults that formed during ongoing east African rifting in Malawi. We first use empirically derived constraints to geometrically classify active faults into section, fault, and multifault seismogenic sources. For sources in the North Basin of Lake Malawi, slip rates can be derived from the vertical offset of a seismic reflector that dated lake cores indicate is 75 ka. Elsewhere, slip rates are constrained from advancing a systems-based approach that partitions geodetically derived rift extension rates in Malawi between seismogenic sources using a priori constraints on a regional strain distribution and a hanging wall flexural extension in magma-poor continental rifts. Slip rates are then combined with source geometry and empirical scaling relationships to estimate earthquake magnitudes and recurrence intervals, and their uncertainty is described from the variability in logic tree outcomes used in these calculations. Sources in the MSSM are 5–269 km long, which implies that large-magnitude (Mw 7–8) earthquakes may occur in Malawi. However, low slip rates (0.05–2 mm yr−1) mean that the frequency of such events will be low (recurrence intervals of ∼103–104 years). We also find that, for 9 out of 11 faults in Lake Malawi's North Basin, differences in the slip rates, when estimated independently from the geodetic data and the offset seismic reflector, are not statistically significant. The MSSM represents an important resource for investigating Malawi's increasing seismic risk and provides a framework for incorporating active fault data into seismic hazard assessment elsewhere in the East African Rift and other tectonically active regions.
FSH Watch A Publication of the Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy Society ConneCting the Community of patients , families

s due: Friday, september 20, 2013 assignments for Poster/ Presentation made: Friday, september 27, 2013 Please contact Daniel Paul Perez for further information at 781-301-6650 or daniel.perez@ fshsociety.org. We expect this year’s meeting will be one of the best yet! Please pass this invitation on to colleagues and students who may have an active interest in FshD. space is limited to 100, so please reserve early. Register now! The David H. koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research
Deep Multiple Instance Learning For Forecasting Stock Trends Using Financial News

A major source of information can be taken from financial news articles, which have some correlations about the fluctuation of stock trends. In this paper, we investigate the influences of financial news on the stock trends, from a multi-instance view. The intuition behind this is based on the news uncertainty of varying intervals of news occurrences and the lack of annotation in every single financial news. Under the scenario of Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) where training instances are arranged in bags, and a label is assigned for the entire bag instead of instances, we develop a flexible and adaptive multi-instance learning model and evaluate its ability in directional movement forecast of Standard & Poor’s 500 index on financial news dataset. Specifically, we treat each trading day as one bag, with certain amounts of news happening on each trading day as instances in each bag. Experiment results demonstrate that our proposed multi-instance-based framework gains outstanding results in terms of the accuracy of trend prediction, compared with other state-of-art approaches and baselines.