Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biocultural diversity, climate change and livelihood security of the Adi community: Grassroots conservators of eastern Himalaya Arunachal Pradesh

The role of Indigenous and tribal peoples and their traditional environmental knowledge (TEK) is now greatly appreciated and recognized in developing location specific strategies and mitigation plans for coping with climate change. The goal of this research, based on six years of collaborative work with Adi tribal peoples from 14 villages of East and Upper Siang districts of Arunachal Pradesh, was to record Adi knowledge and experiences relating to biocultural resources and their interactions with climate change and livelihood sustainability. Data were collected using conventional interviews and village workshops. A total of 700 Adi people participated in these workshops, while two elderly Adi women were observed and interviewed over the course of 7 days, to document their deep knowledge on the subject. Results indicated that Adi people are rich in knowledge relating to biocultural resources that play a pivotal role in coping with weather anomalies and any abrupt climatic changes in order to sustain their livelihoods. People are aware about climate change and its potential to threaten heir biocultural resources and livelihoods. To combat future climate change and ensure sustainable lifeways, they are interested in establishing ‘community reserve forests’ (CRF) within undisturbed community forest landscapes. These could be either at an individual or community level or even at both levels, provided that environmental agencies are able to link these ‘CRFs’ with REDD programs and that rewards and incentives are given to Adi tribe. The future of the Adi tribe’s biocultural resources and livelihood sustainability depends very much on their TEK and their active role in research, planning and policy implementation for climate change mitigation and adaptation.
Can Global Variation of Nasopharynx Cancer Be Retrieved from the Combined Analyses of IARC Cancer Information (CIN) Databases?

Background The international nasopharynx cancer (NPC) burdens are masked due to the lack of integrated studies that examine epidemiological data based on up-to-date international disease databases such as the Cancer Information (CIN) databases provided by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Methods By analyzing the most recently updated NPC epidemiological data available from IARC, we tried to retrieve the worldwide NPC burden and patterns from combined analysis with GLOBOCAN2008 and the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) databases. We provide age-standardized rates (ASR) for NPC mortality in 20 highest cancer registries from GLOBOCAN2008 and the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality databases, respectively. However, NPC incidence data can not be retrieved since it is not individually listed in CI5 database. The trend of NPC mortality was investigated with Joinpoint analysis in the selected countries/regions with high ASR. Results GLOBOCAN 2008 revealed that the highest NPC incidence rates in 2008 were in registries from South-Eastern Asia, Micronesia and Southern Africa with Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore ranking the top 3. WHO mortality database analysis revealed that China Hong Kong, Singapore and Malta ranks the top 3 regions with the highest 5-year mortality rates. Conclusions NPC mortality rate is about 2–3 times higher in male than that in female, and shows decrease tendency in those selected countries/regions during the analyzed periods. However, the integrated analyses of the current IARC CIN databases may not be suitable to retrieve epidemiological data of NPC. Much effort is required to improve the local cancer entry and regional death-reporting systems so as to aid similar studies.
Rethinking phylogeographic structure and historical refugia in the rufous-capped babbler Cyanoderma ruficeps in light of range-wide genetic sampling and paleodistributional reconstructions

Combining ecological niche modeling with phylogeography has become a popular approach to understand how his- torical climate changes have created and maintained population structure. However, methodological choices in geographic ex- tents and environmental layer sets employed in modeling may affect results and interpretations profoundly. Here, we infer range-wide phylogeographic structure and model ecological niches of Cyanoderma ruficeps, and compare results to previous stu- dies that examined this species across mainland China and Taiwan only. Use of dense taxon sampling of closely related species as outgroups question C. ruficeps monophyly. Furthermore, previously unsampled C. ruficeps populations from central Vietnam were closely related to disjunct western populations (Nepal, Tibet, Myanmar, Yunnan), rather than to geographically proximate populations in northern Vietnam and eastern China. Phylogeographic structure is more complex than previously appreciated; niche model projections to Last Glacial Maximum climate scenarios identified larger areas of suitable conditions than previous studies, but potential distributional limits differed markedly between climate models employed and were dependent upon inter- pretation of non-analogous historical climate scenarios. Previously identified population expansion across central China may re- sult from colonization from refugial distributions during the Last Interglacial, rather than the Last Glacial Maximum, as pre- viously understood (Current Zoology 61 (5): 901-909, 2015).
The Epidemiology of Oral HPV Infection among a Multinational Sample of Healthy Men

Background: Oral human papillomavirus type-16 (HPV16) infection is a risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer. We examined oral HPV infection among healthy men. Methods: Oral rinse/gargle specimens and questionnaire data were collected from 1,688 healthy men aged 18 to 74 (median = 31 years), from the United States, Mexico, and Brazil. HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58 and 59, and noncarcinogenic HPV types were detected using Roche Linear Array. Results: Oral HPV DNA was detected in 67 of 1,680 (4.0%, 95% CI = 3.1%–5.0%) β-globin–positive specimens; carcinogenic HPVs were detected in 1.3% (95% CI = 0.8%–2.0%; n = 22) and HPV16 was the most commonly detected carcinogenic HPV type (0.6%, 95% CI = 0.2%–1.1%; n = 10). The prevalence of oral HPV infection was similar by country except for HPV55, which had notably higher prevalence in Mexico (3.0%) than Brazil (0%) or the United States (0.2%). Oral HPV prevalence nonsignificantly increased over increasing age categories (Ptrend = 0.096). The strongest predictor of oral HPV was current tobacco use, which increased the odds 2.5-fold (95% CI = 1.4–4.4). Oral sexual behaviors were not associated with oral HPV infection. Conclusions: Oral HPV16 infection was rare in healthy men, especially at younger ages, and was positively associated with current tobacco use. Impact: Oral HPV appears to be about 10-fold less prevalent than infection at genital sites in men (4% vs. ∼40%, respectively). It remains unclear whether this reflects reduced exposure or if the oral region is more resistant to HPV infection compared with anogenital sites. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(1); 172–82. ©2011 AACR.
Suicide Reporting on Front Pages of Major Newspapers in Taiwan Violating Reporting Recommendations Between 2001 and 2012

ABSTRACT Media reporting can lead to the acceptance of incorrect ideas and information by the general public, which in turn can impact behavior. A number of studies have found that suicide reporting in the media can lead to an increase in the suicide rate or copycat suicides. Therefore, the aims of this study are to (a) investigate front-page reporting of suicide in four major newspapers in Taiwan; (b) investigate violation of recommendations for reporting suicide by the four major newspapers in Taiwan; and (c) investigate the impact of important events and government policy on front-page reporting of suicide (i.e., the effect of the Apple Daily newspaper entering the market, and the start of media monitoring). We carried out content analysis of reports of suicide on the front pages of the four newspapers with the highest rates of readership in Taiwan (China Times, Liberty Times, Apple Daily, and United Daily News) between 2001 and 2012. We used the chi-squared test, chi-squared test for trend, and analysis of variance to analyze trends in violation of reporting recommendations and potential associated factors. We found that (a) suicide was most commonly reported as a front-page headline and as a whole-page spread by the four major newspapers in Taiwan, with many reports including photographs; (b) reporting of suicide by the four major newspapers in Taiwan frequently violated World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for suicide reporting in the media; (c) following the entry of the Apple Daily newspaper into the Taiwanese market, reporting approaches to suicide by the other three major newspapers changed to more sensational photos and texts; and (d) monitoring of suicide reporting by the Taiwan Suicide Prevention Center appears to have been only partially effective. In summary, reporting of suicide by the four major newspapers in Taiwan could be further improved. Effective regulation of suicide reporting by newspapers could reduce the impact of this reporting on readers. In addition, regular assessment of observance of the WHO recommendations for suicide reporting by newspapers is an important part of suicide prevention.
Multiple antibody reactivities to citrullinated antigens in sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis: association with HLA-DRB1 alleles

Background: Autoantibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP) are present in most patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and associate with HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) alleles. Objective: To investigate reactivities of anti-CCP to various citrullinated proteins/peptides, which represent potential autoantigens in RA, and to examine the relationship between such antibodies, and their association with genetic variants within HLA-DRB1 SE alleles. Methods: Serum samples from 291 patients with established RA and 100 sex- and age-matched healthy subjects were included in this study. Sera were first analysed for presence of anti-CCP antibodies and further for IgG and IgA antibodies towards candidate autoantigens in both their native and citrullinated form including: fibrinogen, α-enolase peptide-1 and the C1-epitope of type II collagen (C1III). Antibody specificity was confirmed by cross-reactivity tests. HLA-DR genotyping was performed. Results: 72% of patients with RA were anti-CCP positive. Among the candidate autoantigens examined, IgG antibodies to citrullinated fibrinogen were found in 66% of patients’ sera and in 41% for both citrullinated α-enolase peptide-1 and citrullinated C1III. These antibodies were mainly seen in the anti-CCP-positive patient group; they were specific for their respective antigen and displayed limited cross reactivity. IgA responses were also detected, but less frequently than IgG. Anti-CCP and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies were associated with HLA-DRB1*04 rather than with HLA-DRB1*01 alleles. Conclusions: Antibodies directed against several citrullinated antigens are present in CCP-positive RA, with many patients displaying multireactivity. All specific reactivities were primarily associated with the HLA-DRB1*04 alleles, suggesting common pathways of anti-citrulline immunity.
Calidad psicométrica de la adaptación española del Cuestionario de Regulación Conductual en el Deporte

centrales de la teoría de la autodeterminación (SDT por su denominación en inglés Self Determination Theory; Deci y Ryan, 1985, 2000; Ryan y Deci, 2000), de manera que para la comprobación de las predicciones de la teoría, es necesario disponer de un instrumento capaz de medirlo. En el marco de la SDT, se considera adecuado desarrollar cuestionarios específi cos en cada uno de los ámbitos a los que se aplica, y particularmente, en el contexto de la psicología del deporte, se han desarrollado cuestionarios diferenciados para las actividades califi cadas como ejercicio físico y las consideradas como deportivas (Chatzisarantis y Hagger, 2007). Concretamente, para medir la motivación de los deportistas desde la SDT se han desarrollado dos cuestionarios. El cuestionario Sports Motivation Scale (Brière, Vallerand, Blais y Pelletier, 1995; Pelletier et al., 1995), cuenta con dos adaptaciones al español (Balaguer, Castillo y Duda, 2007; Núñez, Martín-Albo y Navarro, 2007), pero sus propiedades psicométricas han sido cuestionadas, entre otros motivos, por la particularidad de que el cuestionario original lo forman únicamente ítems con contenidos relativos a cinco de los seis tipos de regulación conductual que prevé la teoría (Mallett, Kawabata, Newcombe, Otero-Forero y Jackson, 2007; Pelletier, Vallerand y Sarrazin, 2007). El cuestionario Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (Lonsdale, Hodge y Rose, 2008) se desarrolló precisamente para resolver esta difi cultad, y actualmente cuenta con diversos estudios que avalan globalmente su uso para medir los seis conceptos relativos al estilo de regulación conductual según la SDT (Holland, Sharp, Woodcock, Cumming y Duda, 2009; Lonsdale et al., 2008, 2009), pero no se ha abordado hasta ahora su adaptación al idioma español. Psicothema 2011. Vol. 23, no 4, pp. 786-794 ISSN 0214 9915 CODEN PSOTEG www.psicothema. com Copyright © 2011 Psicothema
Prevalence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide and anti-keratin antibodies in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) and anti-keratin antibodies (AKA) in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Methods: 149 patients with a diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome according to the European/American consensus criteria were recruited from three French medical centres. The presence of anti-CCP was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and of AKA antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence. Radiographs of hands and feet were evaluated at the time of anti-CCP analysis. Results: Six patients with radiological erosions and nine patients with non-erosive arthritis fulfilling ACR criteria for rheumatoid arthritis were thought to have rheumatoid arthritis and secondary Sjögren’s syndrome, while 134 were considered to have primary Sjögren’s syndrome (mean (SD) disease duration, 11.1 (6.6) years). Of these, 80 tested positive for IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) (59%), 10 (7.5%) for anti-CCP, 7 (5.2%) for AKA, and 5 (3.7%) for both anti-CCP and AKA. There was no difference in clinical and biological features, including prevalence of RF, between anti-CCP positive and negative patients. The nine Sjögren patients with non-erosive arthritis, fulfilling ACR criteria for rheumatoid arthritis, were all CCP positive. Their response to disease modifying antirheumatic drugs could be different from classical rheumatoid patients. Conclusions: Most patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome are negative for AKA and anti-CCP, but positive test results should not rule out this diagnosis. Anti-CCP positive patients, who may be prone to developing rheumatoid arthritis, require cautious clinical and radiographic follow up.
Productivity and Economic Growth in East Asia: Innovation, Efficiency and Accumulation

Sources of growth in East Asia have been a controversial subject in the literature. This necessitates more empirical studies to see whether there is more convergence to a particular view of the sources of growth. This study provides a comprehensive examination of sources of growth that allows one to decompose total factor productivity growth, separating out technical efficiency changes from technological progress. This paper applies a varying coefficients frontier production function model to data from 20 manufacturing sectors at the 3-digit SIC level to examine the sources of growth in four East Asian economies. The economies are Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan and South Korea, and the period covered is 1987-93. We find that while there is ample evidence of the importance of increasing inputs in growth, and there is some support for technical efficiency change, or catching up to the frontier over this period, there is weak or even negative evidence for the role of technological progress, measured as a shift in the estimated production frontier.
Regional Production Relationships and Developmental Impacts: A Comparative Study of Three Production Networks

This article assesses contending regional perspectives on Pacific-rim divisions of labour based on a comparative study of production networks organized by three electronics firms (from Japan, the USA and Hong Kong) for manufacturing in the sub-regional context of Hong Kong and Shenzhen (PRC). The author argues that the flying geese model rightly discerns the possibility of upward mobility of late industrializing countries. This model, in combination with network analyses on the characteristics of Japanese firms, helps distinguish the developmental role of Japanese capital. However, the model has a disregard for the specific roles of US and overseas Chinese capital, and the filling of this gap can benefit from the regional rivalry perspective. The negative impacts of foreign investment are succinctly reflected in the regional dependence argument. Nevertheless, its exogenous bias needs to be avoided and the analysis of the endogenous factors, particularly the role of the state, can draw on the statist approach. As the regional economic reality is changing rapidly, future regional research will need to investigate how governments and firms develop strategies to cope with the continued Asian economic slow-down and political changes and reshape the regional political economy. Copyright Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishers Ltd 1999.
Ethnic differences in the prognostic utility of rheumatoid factor isotypes and anticyclic citrullinated peptides in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesThe prognostic significance of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains contentious due to the conflicting lines of evidence. This study aims to determine the association between RF isotypes and anti-CCP with disease severity in RA patients from three ethnic groups.MethodsA total of 147 RA patients from three different ethnic groups (Malays, Chinese, and Indians) who fulfilled the 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) revised criteria for RA were recruited into this study. The seroprevalence of RF isotypes immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG, and IgM, as well as anti-CCP was determined using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Multinomial regression analysis was performed to assess the independent effects of autoantibody status on the development of deforming and erosive RA and the presence of extra-articular manifestations (EAM). ResultsIn Chinese patients, we found a significant association (p < 0.05) between IgG RF and anti-CCP and the presence of erosive disease, as well as IgM RF and IgG RF with the presence of joint deformities. In Indian patients, IgM RF was associated with deforming disease, whereas none of the antibodies were associated with disease severity in Malay patients. Multinomial regression analysis revealed that IgG RF was the most important predictor variable for erosive disease in Chinese patients, and IgM RF the only predictor variable associated with deforming disease in both Chinese and Indian RA patients.ConclusionsThere is variability in the phenotypic association of RF isotypes and anti-CCP in relation to disease severity of RA in the three ethnic groups. RF, in particular, IgG and IgM, may be better prognosticators of severe disease in Chinese and Indian patients.
Debating Human Rights in China: A Conceptual and Political History

Debating human rights in China : introductory perspectives -- The conception of human rights in the West : historical origins and contemporary controversies -- Culture and human rights : between universalism and relativism -- China and the introduction of Western thought -- Ideas of human rights in the early twentieth century : the quest for national salvation -- The new culture movement and beyond : human rights and the liberation of the individual -- The Nanking decade, 1927-1937 : liberal and radical voices on human rights -- Human rights debates in wartime China : between individual freedom and national salvation -- The 1950s : human rights debates on two sides of the Taiwan Strait -- The domestic challenge over human rights : the Democracy Wall activists and the official reaction, 1978-1982 -- A contested and evolving discourse : human rights debates since the late 1980s -- The Chinese human rights debate : conclusion and prospects (Less)
Public Administration and Development Government Intervention in the Economy: a Comparative Analysis of Singapore and Hong Kong

Singapore and Hong Kong are very different and yet very similar in many respects. A study of their current pro®les and historical development indicates that the two have achieved comparable economic successes through different development strategies. After World War II, Singapore gained political independence while Hong Kong achieved economic restructuring. The Singapore government adopted an interventionist approach to develop its economy, while the Hong Kong government followed the laissez-faire principle. However, as the two were maturing socially and economically in the last few decades, both governments found the necessity to adopt a hybrid strategy of mixing economic interventions with the free-market approach. An examination of public ®nance and economic policies since the onset of the Asian economic turmoil shows that the two have become increasingly similar in their economic approaches, with heavy emphasis on stabilizing the economy and stimulating business activities through government initiatives. Based on their projected economic, social and political development, the Hong Kong government is expected to become more interventionist while its Singapore counterpart is expected to go in the opposite direction. The economic development strategies of the two governments, coming from two extremes, will become more alike in the foreseeable future, for reasons of political feasibility in the former.
After Nikolai Bukharin

This article addresses the ideological context of twentieth-century history of science as it emerged and was discussed at the threshold of the Cold War. It is claimed that the bifurcation of the discipline into a socio-economic strand and a technical-intellectual one (the divide between ‘externalism’ and ‘internalism’) should be traced back to the 1930s. In fact, the proposal of a Marxist-oriented historiography by the Soviet delegates at the International Congress of History of Science and Technology (London, 1931) led by Nikolai Bukharin, set off the ideological and methodological opposition that characterised the later years. Bukharin’s views on science are closely considered, as well as those of his Marxist critics, György Lukács and Antonio Gramsci. It is argued that, despite the fluidity of the positions of the 1920s and 1930s, these theories soon crystallized as demonstrated by the leftist reception of Bukharin’s and his associates’ perspective in the history of science, especially in Great Britain, as well as by the anti-communist reactions. Intellectualist approaches renouncing socio-economic factors, typically those by Alexandre Koyré and Thomas Kuhn, are reconsidered in the light of the ideological confrontation of the Cold War era. Reflection on the political-cultural embedding of the history of science has often been overshadowed by claims about the objectivity and neutrality of science and its historiography. Thus, the seminal discussion of the 1930s remains one of the most lucid moments of reflection about the role of science and history of science as cultural phenomena shaped by political struggles.