Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Inlet Air Heating on Start Characteristics of a Common-Rail Diesel Engine in High Altitude Environment

Cold starting test of a high pressure common rail diesel engine was conducted on an engine test bench simulating plateau environment with high altitudes and low temperature. A comprehensive study of cold starting and idling performance was investigated under plateau ambient temperature of-35°C to-10°C and altitude ranged from 2km to 4km. Results show that, without inlet air heating, during engine starting up under different altitude at-10°C, average inlet temperature and pressure can drop slightly and idling rotating speed exhibits strong fluctuation. By heating up inlet air for 60 seconds, the inlet temperature shows statistically linear growing trend in the first 8 heating seconds, during which period averaged inlet temperature rises to 12.4°C, thus obviously lifting up intake temperature, improving engine starting up performance and reducing rotating speed fluctuation. At high altitude and cold plateau conditions, by prolonging the air heating time solely has limited effects on reducing engine starting up time or improving cold starting performance, nor can rotating speed fluctuation been effectively reduced. When ambient temperature reaches-30°C, by heating up inlet air for the same specified time interval, an average of temperature rise of 2.4°C can be obtained for altitude step increase of 1 kilometer, but cold starting up performance has not been therefore significantly improved.
Effects of Adverse Weather on Traffic Crashes

Adverse weather obviously has an impact on vehicle crash rates on roads and highways. However, it would be valuable to quantify the extent to which weather conditions affect the crash rate. To do that, a meta-analysis has been conducted to generalize research findings on this subject and attempt to quantify the impact of weather on traffic crashes. Studies between 1967 and 2005 that examined the interaction of weather and traffic safety were reviewed. Thirty-four papers and 78 records that meet the predetermined criteria were included in the analysis. Crash rates from each study were normalized with respect to effect size for meta-analysis generalization. Results indicate that the crash rate usually increases during precipitation. Snow has a greater effect than rain does on crash occurrence: snow can increase the crash rate by 84% and the injury rate by 75%. Further results also suggest that variations in study results can be explained by study design, date of the study, and region or countries included in the study.
An adaptive control method for dielectric elastomer devices

The future of Dielectric Elastomer Actuator (DEA) technology lies in miniaturizing individual elements and utilizing them in array configurations, thereby increasing system fault tolerance and reducing operating voltages. An important direction of DEA research therefore is real-time closed loop control of arrays of DEAs, particularly where multiple degrees-of-freedom are desirable. As the number of degrees-of-freedom increases a distributed control system offers a number of advantages with respect to speed and efficiency. A low bandwidth digital control method for DEA devices is presented in this paper. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is used as the basis for a current controlled DEA system that allows multiple degrees-of-freedom to be controlled independently and in parallel using a single power supply set to a fixed voltage. The amplitude and the duty cycle of the PWM signal control the current flow through a high speed, high voltage opto-coupler connected in series with a DEA, enabling continuous control of both the output displacement and speed. Controlling the current in real-time results in a system approaching a stable and robust constant charge system. Closed loop control is achieved by measuring the rate of change of the voltage across the DEA in response to a step change in the current input generated by the control signal. This enables the capacitance to be calculated, which in combination with the voltage difference between the electrodes and the initial dimensions, enables the charge, strain state and Maxwell pressure to be inferred. Future developments include integrating feedback information directly with the control signal, leaving the controller to coordinate rather than control individual degrees-of-freedom.
Anisotropy of Fracture Strength and Fracture Toughness of Micro-Sized Single-Crystal Silicon

This paper presents the dependence of fracture toughness, fracture strength, and fracture behavior, such as crack propagation, on the crystal orientation of single-crystal silicon. We conducted on-chip tensile testing to measure fracture strength and fracture toughness of single-crystal silicon films with (100) and (110) surface in the and loading direction. The loading direction had a significant effect on fracture toughness, which was 2.17MPa√m in the direction and 1.27MPa√m in . However, the fracture strength varies with both loading direction and surface orientation. We observed a fracture specimen on which a (111) cleavage plane eventually appeared on any crystal types of the specimen.
Blended learning opportunities: skills for working with primary sources

The Liberal Arts Foundation Year is an interdisciplinary programme that includes integrated academic skills development throughout. The complexities of both widening participation and interdisciplinary provision are well documented (e.g., Warren, 2002; Jones and Lau, 2010; Park and Son, 2010; Enstone and Newman, 2015; Abegglen, Burns and Sinfield, 2019) and the transition to university for Foundation Year learners can be especially difficult (Chivers, 2019). To support this transitional process and to develop key information literacy skills, the programme incorporates source skills for both critical or secondary reading in relation to working with novels, data, maps, historic documents, and other primary sources students might encounter in their varied subjects. This exploration enables the development of practical skills and critical approaches through a wider consideration of the nature of academic study, addressing aspects such as access and the focus of these resources in terms of inequalities and social issues in production, transmission, and reception in the past and present. The value of this content draws on the well-documented importance of information literacy within higher education provision (Shapiro and Hughes, 1996; Johnston and Webber, 2003; Wang, 2007). The programme also explores and challenges pre-conceived notions of the boundaries of subject disciplines, an issue important to the development of interdisciplinary provision (Brewer, 1999).
Title MiR-188-5p Affects the Progression of Alzheimer's disease by Negatively Regulating Neuritin Expression

BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by complex pathobiological characteristics and still lacks accurate biomarkers in early diagnosis. Neuritin (NRN1) is a neurotrophic factor, which has active roles in neuronal plasticity and regeneration. Recent research suggests that Neuritin has been associated with loss of cognitive function, maybe a potential therapeutic target in AD. MethodsWe have clustered the upregulated miRNAs in AD and predicted the target miRNAs of Neuritin by bioinformatics analysis, found miR-188-5p may involve in the development of AD. ResultsIn the present study, we confirm the association between Neuritin and miR-188-5p expression in mice with AD. Besides, we provide evidence for the changes of cognition capacity, miR-188-5p and Neuritin levels in APP/PS1 mice. ConclusionOur results reveal a previously undefined mechanism that miR-188-5p plays a significant role in the development of AD by inhibiting the expression of target protein Neuritin.
The deployment of manufacturing flexibility as a function of company strategy

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe a method to help companies identify the resources needed to provide manufacturing flexibility and meet the demands of their potential consumers while complying with company strategy.Design/methodology/approach – The literature related to flexibility is reviewed and a classification based on the following four levels is proposed: abilities, dimensions, elements and resources that provide flexibility. Based on this taxonomy and using the principles of quality function deployment, a method is proposed that shows the correlation between these four levels, starting with customer demand and company strategy. To show its applicability, the method was used in a manufacturing process in an automobile manufacturing company that produces nine models of vehicles.Findings – The findings of the study include a taxonomy geared towards manufacturing flexibility and a method that enables the resources that provide flexibility in an industrial production line to be identif.
Comparison and distribution of minimum operation voltage in fully depleted silicon-on-thin-buried-oxide and bulk static random access memory cells

The minimum operation voltage (Vmin) of intrinsic channel fully depleted (FD) silicon-on-thin-buried-oxide (SOTB) static random access memory (SRAM) cells are measured and compared with those of conventional bulk SRAM cells in order to directly compare the worst cells. It is confirmed that the worst Vmin of 1 kbit SOTB SRAM cells is half that of 1 kbit bulk cells. The distribution of Vmin of 48 kbit SOTB and bulk SRAM cells are also measured and compared. The results show a great advantage of SOTB SRAM cells for lower power and lower voltage operation upon introducing SOTB, because of reduced VTH variability.
Very-Small-Satellite Design for Distributed Space Missions

A new class of remote sensing and scientific distributed space missions is emerging that requires hundreds to thousands of satellites for simultaneous multipoint sensing. These missions, stymied by the lack of a low-cost mass-producible sensor node, can become reality by merging the concepts of distributed satellite systems and terrestrial wireless sensor networks. A novel, subkilogram, very-small-satellite design can potentially enable these missions. Existing technologies are first investigated, such as standardized picosatellites and microengineered aerospace systems. Two new alternatives are then presented that focus on a low-cost approach by leveraging existing commercial mass-production capabilities: a satellite on a chip (SpaceChip) and a satellite on a printed circuit board. Preliminary results indicate that SpaceChip and a satellite on a printed circuit board offer an order of magnitude of cost savings over existing approaches.
“A Learning Method for Object Detection from Low Resolution Image”

Object recognition the use deep neural networks has been most typically used in real applications. We propose a framework for identifying items in pics of very low decision through collaborative studying of two deep neural networks. It includes photo enhancement network object popularity networks. The picture correction community seeks to decorate images of much lower decision faster and more informative images with the usages of collaborative gaining knowledge of indicatores from object recognition networks. Object popularity networks actively participate in the mastering of photograph enhancement networks, with skilled weights for photographs of excessive resolution. It uses output from photograph enhancement networks as augmented studying recordes to reinforce the overall performance of its identity on a very low decision object. We esablished that the proposed method can improve photograph reconstruction and classification overall performance
Mathematical modeling of nanoscale MOS capacitance in the presence of depletion and energy quantization in a poly-silicon gate

A model has been developed to study the effect of depletion and energy quantization at the poly-silicon/oxide interface on the behavior of a nanometer scale n-MOSFET. A model of inversion charge density, including the inversion layer quantization using the variation approach in the substrate, has also been produced. Using the exact calculations of the polygate potential under the depletion and quantization conditions, a C—V model has been developed. All the results have been compared with the numerical models reported in existing literature and they show good agreement.
The Need for Federal Regulation of Marijuana Marketing.

A national for-profit marijuana industry is expanding substantially in the United States. Thirty-three states have legalized medical marijuana, 10 of which (where 1 in 4 individuals reside) have also legalized recreational marijuana. Sales of marijuana are projected to increase from $8.5 billion to $75 billion by 2030, rivaling current tobacco sales ($125 billion). 1 The initial marijuana marketplace was limited to a few states, but emerging brands have developed sophisticated national marketing campaigns that could potentially have an effect across state lines. This marketplace expansion, along with questionable marketing practices, introduces a need for federal action.
Simple rail-to-rail low-voltage constant-transconductance CMOS input stage in weak inversion

A CMOS input stage for operational amplifiers is presented. To obtain a rail-to-rail input range an nMOS and a pMOS differential pair are driven in parallel. Both differential pairs operate in weak inversion. With the help of only four additional transistors a transconductance g m is obtained which is independent of the common input voltage. This extension does not increase the minimum required supply voltage
Quantitative EEG Biomarkers for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

PURPOSE The development of objective biomarkers for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in the chronic period is an important clinical and research goal. Head trauma is known to affect the mechanisms that support the electrophysiological processing of information within and between brain regions, so methods like quantitative EEG may provide viable indices of brain dysfunction associated with even mTBI. METHODS Resting-state, eyes-closed EEG data were obtained from 71 individuals with military-related mTBI and 82 normal comparison subjects without traumatic brain injury. All mTBI subjects were in the chronic period of injury (>5 months since the time of injury). Quantitative metrics included absolute and relative power in delta, theta, alpha, beta, high beta, and gamma bands, plus a measure of interhemispheric coherence in each band. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate methods, the latter coupled to machine learning strategies. RESULTS Analyses revealed significant (P < 0.05) group level differences in global relative theta power (increased for mTBI patients), global relative alpha power (decreased for mTBI patients), and global beta-band interhemispheric coherence (decreased for mTBI patients). Single variables were limited in their ability to predict group membership (e.g., mTBI vs. control) for individual subjects, each with a predictive accuracy that was below 60%. In contrast, the combination of a multivariate approach with machine learning methods yielded a composite metric that provided an overall predictive accuracy of 75% for correct classification of individual subjects as coming from control versus mTBI groups. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that quantitative EEG methods may be useful in the identification, classification, and tracking of individual subjects with mTBI.
Probabilistic Modelling of the Deterioration of Reinforced Concrete Port Infrastructure

Port infrastructure is vulnerable to the corrosive marine environment leading to deterioration, loss of functionality, delays in shipping, major maintenance, remediation and, in the worst cases, loss of structural integrity and consequent replacement of the asset. Despite this, asset managers are unable to adequately plan for the prevention and minimisation of maintenance due to a lack of reliable predictive tools, that simulate the deterioration and a lack of a lifecycle model incorporating protection/maintenance options. This paper reports on a project to develop such a tool to facilitate the probabilistic modelling of the deterioration of reinforced concrete elements from construction through onset of corrosion to subsequent cracking and spalling. The Australian government funded project is in collaboration with several port authorities. The study has narrowed the key factors that have the most impact on the estimation of corrosion initiation and damage propagation allowing better definition of what data should be collected, how much and levels of accuracy required to ensure that predictive outputs obtained are as ‘robust’ as possible.
Liquid crystal based phased array antenna with improved beam scanning capability

A phased array antenna is presented, including a 1-by-4 dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array, liquid crystal (LC) based phase shifters, RF-feeding and biasing networks. The dielectric resonators are used as waveguide radiating elements. The RF signal coupled between the phase shifters and DRAs are guided and then radiated from the top face of the DRAs. This reduces the effects of the surface waves since the radiation is away from the ground plane. Hence, the gain losses at wide scan angles are reduced, enlarging the antenna's beam scan angle, compared to that of a conventional microstrip patch antenna array. The LC phase shifters are realised in inverted microstrip line topology, with a phase shifter figure-of-merit of 70°/dB at 10 GHz. The far-field power patterns of the antenna were measured in an anechoic chamber for different beam directions. These results confirm that the gain losses are <;1.5 for a beam scanning range of ±30° for the broadside.
Reactive Oxygen Species Affects on Mitochondrial Dynamicity Which May Leads to Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD), is the second common and deadliest neuronal & a multisystem disorder that contributes to significant morbidity and healthcare burden in the world. Its causes are poorly understood and there is no proven therapeutic line of attack to foil the disease progression. The neuropathological studies of Parkinson’s disease brains show that the irreversible relapse of dopaminergic neurons in substantianigra and other brain regions, and a simultaneous loss of dopamine (DA) in the striatum may be one of the main reasons for this disease. But now a days it is comes to know that mitochondria, has a great role to promote so many neurological disorders along with Parkinson’s disease. Defects in neuronal development and neuronal plasticity related with the deregulation of the mitochondrial fusion or fission process. On the other hand result of mitochondrial dis-regulation is, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), that is also activate some specific pathways that cause ultimately cell damage and finally neurological disorder like PD. Here in this review article we are trying to gather all currents knowledge about the relation between mitochondria and ROS with PD. As it is true that this are playing key role in PD so, targeting the all pathways related to this dysfunction and modification in this field can be helpful to create a new therapy. Key-words: Parkinson’s disease, ROS, Fission and fusion , Neuron damage
Establishment of the Tour-Site Navigation System - Using HsinChu City as an Example

As the living quality of the citizens gradually improved, traveling becomes an important recreational activity. The internet speedily provides information related to tour sites. However, web pages generally present merely words and pictures that are not impressive enough to the viewers. Spatial concepts, distance calculation, and tools for vacation planning are also often not provided by the websites. This study combines the usage of 3dSpace, GoogleMap, ER Model, Windows Mobile, SuperPad. It gathers the tour-sites related information of HsinChu city; such as local restaurants, famous attractions, and high rating hotels in the area. The study develops search interface integrated with the Google Map Engine. After selecting of category and input of specific key words, the related information of specific location and 360° satellite image could be shown on browser. The route calculation trips between local attractions is provided on this project. This investigation combines the GPS function to the smart phone, helping the users to arrive at their destination correctly within the minimum time.
A high voltage insulating system with increased thermal conductivity for turbo generators

In this paper, an insulation system with high thermal conductivity (HTC) without changing the main wall thickness or the slot design is presented. This offers significant reduction in thermal gradient in the insulation resulting in less thermal stress and higher efficiency of the machine without any basic generator design changes. This means that the long term reliability of the generator operation is ensured.
Hybrid firefly-simulated annealing algorithm for the flow shop problem with learning effects and flexible maintenance activities

Job scheduling and maintenance activities scheduling are two important issues in production management, which are often addressed separately. In this paper, the non-permutation flow shop scheduling problem with learning effects and flexible maintenance activities is studied. Each machine has a number of preventive maintenance activities that should be finished within specific time intervals. The aim is to simultaneously determine the sequence of jobs and the finish time of maintenance activities for minimising the sum of tardiness costs and maintenance costs. A mixed integer linear programming model is proposed to formulate the problem. Owing to the high complexity of the problem, an improvement heuristic method and a hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm based on the simulated annealing algorithm and firefly algorithm is presented to find nearly optimal solutions for medium and large problems. To obtain better and more robust solutions, the Taguchi method is used in order to calibrate the hybrid algorithm parameters. Finally, the computational results are provided for evaluating the performance and effectiveness of the proposed solution approaches.
Influencing driver chosen cornering speed by means of modified steering feel

This paper presents an investigation about influencing the driver's behaviour intuitively by means of modified steering feel. For a rollover indication through haptic feedback a model was developed and tested that returned a warning to the driver about too high vehicle speed. This was realised by modifying the experienced steering wheel torque as a function of the lateral acceleration. The hypothesis for this work was that drivers of heavy vehicles will perform with more margin of safety to the rollover threshold if the steering feel is altered by means of decreased or additionally increased steering wheel torque at high lateral acceleration. Therefore, the model was implemented in a test truck with active steering with torque overlay and used for a track test. Thirty-three drivers took part in the investigation that showed, depending on the parameter setting, a significant decrease of lateral acceleration while cornering.
Source-injection parallel coupled LC-QVCO

A simple source-injection parallel-coupled (SIPC) LC quadrature voltage controlled oscillator (QVCO) in which the additional noise contributions of the coupling transistors are nearly zero is proposed. The proposed topology is suitable for low phase noise and low supply voltage operation since it involves no additional transistor stacking. Compared to the conventional LC-QVCO, the SIPC topology designed for 2.4 GHz operation shows 19–12 dB improvement in phase noise at 10 kHz–1 MHz frequency offset, from the simulations based on 0.25 µm CMOS technology.