Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Designing MEMS for manufacturing

MEMS (micro electro-mechanical systems) are often expected to take a development as microelectronics did in the last 35 years. Several devices are already established in mass markets like acceleration sensors, gyros, pressure sensors, ink jet heads and the DLP micromirror array. On the other hand many companies have stopped their business after the telecom bubble. Others are struggling. Many dreams based on MEMS-devices that were not at all mature and could not be manufactured in high numbers. When a commercial product is the goal, several questions must be answered already in concept phase. The specifications must clearly reflect the requirements of the application. Performance and price must be competitive to any other technology. The relation between fabrication process and design is strong and mutual. The process must create all features of the device and the design must consider the limitations of the process. Only if the design is tolerant against all process variations reproducible performance can be achieved. And only if the design is robust in all process steps the devices can survive. Regarding the time and cost frame it is always preferable to change the layout rather than the process. This article looks at MEMS technology and identifies what has been adopted from CMOS, what is desirable to adopt and what needs new solutions. Examples are given in the fields of design, modeling layout, process, test, and packaging.
Research of Architecture Based on Distributed Source Plug and Play

Energy saving has become a consensus and urgency problems to solve for China and the world. The proposal of Smart Grid based on this. A large number of distributed power penetratione as an important feature of the future smart grid has become an irreversible trend, especially in the distribution network, the economic ,efficiency, and the advantages of the green environmental will be reflected more perfect. A large number of distributed power access also produce many adverse effects on the existing distribution network, that it is difficult to reflect the immediate advantages of distributed power supply. Because of this,plug and play of the distributed power become the hot spot of research in this field. This paper will be another point of view to discuss the distributed power access to the distributed grid side.with plug-and-play architecture.By the research of theoretical origin,the formation of plug-and-play and the expansion in the field of distributed power access distribution network.This paper puts forward the system's point of view to discusses the three models and their own characteristics for the distributed power access to distribution network, hope it will lay theoretical foundation of the Plug and Play technology for the eventual realization these models in the future by the power electronics, communications, control theory,and so on.
Analyzing Electricity Markets with Increasing Penetration of Large-Scale Renewable Power Generation

Global electricity markets are undergoing a rapid transformation in their energy mix to meet commitments towards sustainable electric grids. This change in energy mix engenders significant challenges, specifically concerning the management of non-dispatchable energy resources. System and market operators are required to meet power system security and reliability requirements whilst providing electricity at competitive prices. An overview of electricity markets is provided in this paper with a critical appraisal of each market’s ability to manage the large-scale energy mix transition. This paper provides a commentary on the distinct features of electricity market models implemented around the world and highlights the barriers within these market models that are hindering the energy mix transition. Various researchers and policymakers are proposing solutions and market reforms for the smooth transitioning of the energy mix. This paper presents a systematic review of the proposed solutions in the literature and critiques the effectiveness and ease of implementation of the reviewed solutions. Research gaps and future research directions are indicated to promote further exploration towards the effective integration of large-scale renewable energy technologies.
Assessment of a novel, high-resolution, color, AMLCD for diagnostic medical image display: luminance performance and DICOM calibration

This paper documents the results of the first in a series of experiments designed to evaluate the suitability of a novel, high resolution, color, digital, LCD panel for diagnostic quality, gray scale image display. The goal of this experiment was to measure the performance of this display especially with respect to luminance. A DICOM Part 14 calibration of the panel was done using both a pure gray look up table and a color look up table. The panel evaluated was the IBM T221 22.2" backlit AMLCD display with native resolution of 3840 × 2400 pixels. Taking advantage of the color capabilities of the workstation, we were able to create a 256 entry grayscale calibration look up table derived from a palette of 1786 nearly gray luminance values. We also constructed a 256 entry gray-scale calibration look up table derived from a palette of 256 true gray values for which the red, green, and blue values were equal. For the DICOM calibration derived from the 256 palette, 45 of the 256 shades of gray were redundant. For the DICOM calibration derived from a 1786 palette, all shades of gray were different and the luminance change between each gray level accurately agreed with the DICOM part 14 standard. These calibrations will now be used in our subsequent evaluation of human contrast - detail perception on this panel.
Y-junction power divider based on substrate integrated waveguide

The substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) plays a very important role in millimetre-wave and microwave integrated circuits and systems with low return loss and high Q-factor. Also, the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) has been developed in recent years. A new Y-junction four-way power divider is proposed by integrating the 90° Y-junction SIW power divider and HMSIW power divider. Simulated and measured results show that the return loss of the input port is below -15 dB over 8.6 to 12.2 GHz and transmissions are about -7.6 dB ± 0.2 dB in the passband. So, it makes the 6 dB power divider used preferably in a broad bandwidth. The new power divider can be produced in batches and can be widely used in millimetre-wave and microwave circuits owing to its simple and novel structure.
Control system for a PWM-based STATCOM

The ever-increasing switching frequency of modern solid-state power switches, together with the application of multi-converter topologies, make it possible to use pulse width modulation (PWM) in high power applications of STATCOMs (static synchronous compensators). This paper proposes and details a control system for a PWM-based STATCOM. First of all, a discrete-time model of the STATCOM is derived to take into account the discrete-time implementation of the controller. Secondly, the control algorithm is detailed. It ensures decoupled control of the real and reactive power exchanged between the power converter and the electric-energy system. This is necessary to control the DC capacitor voltage during transients of the exchanged reactive power. Finally, the control of the capacitor voltage is explained in detail. The controller is tailored to keep the capacitor voltage almost constant in spite of the fast control of the reactive power. This helps to reduce the capacitor size significantly. The main contributions are illustrated using a 15 kVA laboratory prototype.
Generation of higher-order orbital angular momentum modes and (de)multiplexing based on double-trench SOI waveguide

An ultracompact device, designed with two air-etched trenches embedded in two opposite corners of a silicon bus waveguide, for generation and (de)multiplexing optical orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes is proposed. The double-trench waveguide can generate OAM±1 and OAM±2 modes when the phase difference of two rotated orthogonal LP-like modes is equal to π/2 (or 3π/2). The operating principle and mode purity of the generated OAM modes are theoretically and systematically investigated. The simulation results show that the average purities of OAM±1 modes exceed 90%, and that of OAM±2 modes is greater than 80% over a wide wavelength range of 1.4–1.625 µm. Furthermore, an on-chip five-OAM-mode (de)multiplexer (OAM0, OAM±1, OAM±2) with a compact footprint of <200×4×4 µm3 is designed, whose main mode crosstalk is less than −20 dB. The presented OAM mode generator and (de)multiplexer are promising for applications like optical communications and quantum information processing.
MW-GAN+ for Perceptual Quality Enhancement on Compressed Video

The great success of deep learning has boosted the fast development of video quality enhancement. However, existing methods mainly focus on enhancing the objective quality of compressed video, and ignore their perceptual quality that plays a key role in determining quality of experience (QoE) of videos. In this paper, we aim at enhancing the perceptual quality of compressed video. Our main observation is that perceptual quality enhancement mostly relies on recovering the high-frequency details with fine textures. Accordingly, we propose a novel generative adversarial network (GAN) based on multi-level wavelet packet transform (WPT), which is called multi-level wavelet-based GAN+ (MW-GAN+), to exploit high-frequency details for enhancing the perceptual quality of compressed video. In MW-GAN+, we first propose a multi-level wavelet pixel-adaptive (MWP) module to extract temporal information across video frames, such that frame similarity can be utilized in recovering high-frequency details. Then, a wavelet reconstruction network, consisting of wavelet-dense residual blocks (WDRB), is developed to recover high-frequency details in a multi-level manner for enhanced frame reconstruction. Finally, we develop a 3D discriminator to encourage temporal coherence with a 3D-CNN based architecture. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our method over state-of-the-art methods in enhancing the perceptual quality of compressed video. Our code is available at https://github.com/IceClear/MW-GAN.
The Potential of Naturalistic Eye Movement Tasks in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review

Extensive research has demonstrated that eye-tracking tasks can effectively indicate cognitive impairment. For example, lab-based eye-tracking tasks, such as the antisaccade task, have robustly distinguished between people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and healthy older adults. Due to the neurodegeneration associated with AD, people with AD often display extended saccade latencies and increased error rates on eye-tracking tasks. Although the effectiveness of using eye tracking to identify cognitive impairment appears promising, research considering the utility of eye tracking during naturalistic tasks, such as reading, in identifying cognitive impairment is limited. The current review identified 39 articles assessing eye-tracking distinctions between people with AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy controls when completing naturalistic task (reading, real-life simulations, static image search) or a goal-directed task involving naturalistic stimuli. The results revealed that naturalistic tasks show promising biomarkers and distinctions between healthy older adults and AD participants, and therefore show potential to be used for diagnostic and monitoring purposes. However, only twelve articles included MCI participants and assessed the sensitivity of measures to detect cognitive impairment in preclinical stages. In addition, the review revealed inconsistencies within the literature, particularly when assessing reading tasks. We urge researchers to expand on the current literature in this area and strive to assess the robustness and sensitivity of eye-tracking measures in both AD and MCI populations on naturalistic tasks.
Fully Automated Magnetic Resonance Detection and Segmentation of Brain using Convolutional Neural Network

The brain's magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is tasked with finding the pixels or voxels that establish where the brain is in a medical image The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) can process curved baselines that frequently occur in scanned documents. Next, the lines are separated into characters. In the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) can process curved baselines that frequently occur in scanned documents case of fonts with a fixed MRI width, the gaps are analyzed and split. Otherwise, a limited region above the baseline is analyzed, separated, and classified. The words with the lowest recognition score are split into further characters x until the result improves. If this does not improve the recognition score, contours are merged and classified again to check the change in the recognition score. The features for classification are extracted from small fixed-size patches over neighboring contours and matched against the trained deep learning representations this approach enables Tesseract to easily handle MRI sample results broken into multiple parts, which is impossible if each contour is processed separately Hard to read! Try to split sentences. The CNN inception network seem to be a suitable choice for the evaluation of the synthetic MRI samples with 3000 features, and 12000 samples of images as data augmentation capacities favors data which is similar to the original training set and thus unlikely to contain new information content with an accuracy of 98.68%. The error is only 1.32% with the increasing the number of training samples, but the most significant impact in reducing the error can be made by increasing the number of samples.
A New Load-Pull Characterization Method for Microwave Power Transistors

A novel method for microwave power transistor load-pull characterization is presented. The method provides an equivalent load-pull measurement technique without using an output impedance tuner. In this method, both input and output ports of a test transistor are simultaneously driven by external signals at the same specified frequency. Results of its application to a medium-power GaAs FET are given.
Armazenamento de conhecimento explícito referente ao DFA (Design for Assembly) utilizando regras baseadas em casos

An important source of competitive advantages for many organizations worldwide is the capacity to create designs for less complicated products, consisting of a small number easily assembled parts which, nonetheless, satisfy consumers' expectations, known as the Design for Assembly (DFA) approach. There is an obstacle in cataloguing these approaches, specifically, a lack of storage guidelines; consequently, the retrieval of this explicit knowledge is ineffective. The aim of this study is to identify storage guidelines for DFA information based on previous cases (CBR - Case-based reasoning), qualitative in kind and with a descriptive-exploratory purpose. It is noted that CBR highlights the possibility of explicit knowledge stored in an orderly manner, resulting in more efficient retrieval and a decrease in the amount of irrelevant information.
Characterisation and Modelling of an Artificial Lens Capsule Mimicking Accommodation of Human Eyes

A synthetic material of silicone rubber was used to construct an artificial lens capsule (ALC) in order to replicate the biomechanical behaviour of human lens capsule. The silicone rubber was characterised by monotonic and cyclic mechanical tests to reveal its hyper-elastic behaviour under uniaxial tension and simple shear as well as the rate independence. A hyper-elastic constitutive model was calibrated by the testing data and incorporated into finite element analysis (FEA). An experimental setup to simulate eye focusing (accommodation) of ALC was performed to validate the FEA model by evaluating the shape change and reaction force. The characterisation and modelling approach provided an insight into the intrinsic behaviour of materials, addressing the inflating pressure and effective stretch of ALC under the focusing process. The proposed methodology offers a virtual testing environment mimicking human capsules for the variability of dimension and stiffness, which will facilitate the verification of new ophthalmic prototype such as accommodating intraocular lenses (AIOLs).
Advanced voltage sag characterisation. Part I: Phase shift

The authors discuss an important, but often neglected voltage sag characteristic: the phase shift. Firstly, a critical review of existing methodologies and approaches is presented. Then, theoretical and experimental results on the ranges and relationships of phase shift values are reviewed. A numerical example and several recorded 'non-conventional' voltage sag waveforms are used to highlight some of the problems encountered in calculating a phase shift. Equipment and procedures to test single-phase and three-phase equipment sensitivity to voltage sags are also discussed from a phase shift point of view.
Uptake of modern contraceptives in Burkina Faso: men’s involvement, polygamy and peer effects

With this trial, we study the influence of men’s involvement on the uptake of modern contraceptives in 30 rural villages in the region of Hauts-Bassins, Burkina Faso. Women who do not use modern contraceptives yet will receive a voucher that gives them access to free modern contraceptives at the nearest local health centre. We will compare two treatments that vary in men’s involvement: either the voucher is given in private (no involvement of men), or it is given to her husband, with her being present. We will stratify by the type of households (monogamous and polygamous households), to test whether the effect of men’s involvement differs between both types of households. Monogamous couples where the woman already uses modern contraceptives will be asked to transfer the voucher to someone else in their village who does not use modern contraceptives yet. Here, we compare two treatments that differ in who receives the voucher from us (either the woman in private, or the husband in private). A comparison between both treatments allows us to compare peer effects between men and women. The main outcome variables for all treatment comparisons are the use of the voucher and whether any modern contraceptives are used immediately after the visit (short-term effects) and a few months later (long-term effects). For couples who are asked to transfer the voucher, we are also interested in whether that is actually done, as well as the characteristics of the persons they transfer it to. Additional outcome variables are fertility, women’s well-being and intra-household cooperation/tensions. 1. Research questions While most Sub-Saharan countries have seen an increase in the use of modern contraceptives, for large numbers of women modern contraceptives remain inaccessible. This is mostly assumed to be the result of 1) gender differences in preferences on the desired number of children, with men preferring more children than women, combined with 2) women’s low bargaining power (Hindin, 2000; Rasul, 2008; Westoff, 2010; Ashraf et al., 2014). In the experiment described in this pre-analysis plan, we plan to extend this line of research in the following ways. First, existing studies have exclusively focused on monogamous households, despite the fact that polygamy is very common in most Sub-Saharan countries. It is expected that the mechanisms that explain the low uptake of modern contraceptives differ between polygamous and monogamous households. Second, uptake of contraceptives might be influenced by the use of contraceptives of friends or relatives, which has not been systematically studied yet. In sum, this study will investigate the influence of men’s involvement on the uptake of modern contraceptives, and how it interacts with the type of household (polygamous vs. monogamous) and potential peer effects.
INFLUENCE OF MASTITIS ON RESUMPTION OF OVARIAN ACTIVITY AND ‎POSTPARTUM REPRODUCTIVE MEASUREMENTS IN BALADI COWS

The current research aims to study the influence of mastitis on resumption of ovarian activity and postpartum reproductive measurements in Egyptian Baladi cows. Total of twenty-four postpartum cows, were split into two groups of twelve in each. The first group (12 cows) had mastitis, while the second group (12 cows) was healthy. The cows were monitored after calving directly and had their udders screened for subclinical mastitis using the California Mastitis Test (CMT). The present results indicated that the incidence rate of subclinical mastitis cases in cows were significantly (P < 0.05) higher (75%) than clinical mastitis cases (25%). The interval from parturition to first ovulation, first service and conception was significantly (P < 0.05) longer (48.3±7.8,96. 5±14.4,and153.2±12.5, days) in mastitic cows than(27.4± 5.6, 72.3± 11.2, and 85.6±15.2, days) in healthy cows. The conception rate following the first service was significantly (P < 0.05) lower (25%) in mastitic than in healthy cows (66.7%). In conclusion, the present results indicate a negative impact of mastitis by delaying the resumption of postpartum ovarian activity and reproductive measurements in Baladi cows. The current study recommends that small breeders must pay attention to the health of the udder, especially during the postpartum period, to reduce the incidence of mastitis and its harmful effects on the reproductive characteristics of lactating cows.
Subclones of bone marrow CD34+ cells in acute myeloid leukemia at diagnosis confer responses of patients to induction chemotherapy

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematopoietic malignancy with a prognosis that varies with genetic heterogeneity of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Induction chemotherapy with cytarabine and anthracycline has been the standard care for newly diagnosed AML, but about 30% of patients have no response to this regimen. The resistance mechanisms require deeper understanding.
Human Action Recognition Based on Hybrid Features

The extraction methods of both the shape feature based on Fourier descriptors and the motion feature in time domain were introduced. These features were fused to get a hybrid feature which had higher distinguish ability. This combined representation was used for human action recognition. The experimental results show the proposed hybrid feature has efficient recognition performance in the Weizmann action database .
Aging-Related Cellular, Structural and Functional Changes in the Lymph Nodes: A Significant Component of Immunosenescence? An Overview

Aging affects all tissues and organs. Aging of the immune system results in the severe disruption of its functions, leading to an increased susceptibility to infections, an increase in autoimmune disorders and cancer incidence, and a decreased response to vaccines. Lymph nodes are precisely organized structures of the peripheral lymphoid organs and are the key sites coordinating innate and long-term adaptive immune responses to external antigens and vaccines. They are also involved in immune tolerance. The aging of lymph nodes results in decreased cell transport to and within the nodes, a disturbance in the structure and organization of nodal zones, incorrect location of individual immune cell types and impaired intercellular interactions, as well as changes in the production of adequate amounts of chemokines and cytokines necessary for immune cell proliferation, survival and function, impaired naïve T- and B-cell homeostasis, and a diminished long-term humoral response. Understanding the causes of these stromal and lymphoid microenvironment changes in the lymph nodes that cause the aging-related dysfunction of the immune system can help to improve long-term immune responses and the effectiveness of vaccines in the elderly.