Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence cascades after excitation of XeII 5p46p satellite states by synchrotron radiation

Dispersed fluorescence excitation functions and the relative total ion yield as a function of the exciting-photon energy in the range between 26.150 eV and 26.400 eV have been measured for Xe after excitation with monochromatized synchrotron radiation with the very narrow bandwidth of 2.5 meV. Fluorescence excitation functions have been simultaneously measured in the VUV and in the visible spectral range to track and identify radiative decay cascades after photoionization into excited XeII states of 5p46p electron configuration. Additionally the angular fluorescence distribution parameter βfl-parameter was experimentally determined for some of the observed fluorescence lines.
Mitochondrial Iron Metabolism: The Crucial Actors in Diseases

Iron is a trace element necessary for cell growth, development, and cellular homeostasis, but insufficient or excessive level of iron is toxic. Intracellularly, sufficient amounts of iron are required for mitochondria (the center of iron utilization) to maintain their normal physiologic function. Iron deficiency impairs mitochondrial metabolism and respiratory activity, while mitochondrial iron overload promotes ROS production during mitochondrial electron transport, thus promoting potential disease development. This review provides an overview of iron homeostasis, mitochondrial iron metabolism, and how mitochondrial iron imbalances-induced mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to diseases.
Diffractive optical element-based profilometer for surface inspection

We introduce a new 3-D sensor based on a diffractive optical element (DOE). Structured light is obtained by the interference of two beams. The design of the projection unit has the following features: the system is very simple, small and cheap and the fringe spacing is easily adjustable. Fringes generated by the DOE interferometer are analyzed by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method, which produced a 3-D per- spective plot. The technique and the experimental results of real surface profiles are given. © 2001 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Distributed redundant reservation protocol and QoS provisioning in WR-OBS system

Wavelength Routed Optical Burst Switching (WR-OBS) is considered an efficient switching technique in optical networks, especially in the situation of no wavelength converters. A QoS scheme based on centralized scheduler has been proposed in this architecture. Unfortunately, this scheme has some drawbacks. To overcome these drawbacks, a distributed redundant reservation protocol and corresponding QoS scheme has been proposed in this paper. Simulation and analytical model are conducted to evaluate the performance of the newly proposed protocol in terms of burst lost probability.
Laser interferometer with wavefront-reversal mirrors

ground state (Ref. 14, p. 31) . The @-3d transition occurs practically within the cation (the ionic radii of K', Ca2: and ScS+ a r e respectively 1 . 3 , 1.0, and 0 . 8 11). Therefore for such transitions, the situation on the crystal is not much different from the situation in the free ion, and the effect of the environment may be considered a s a perturbation (for example, within the framework of ligand field theory). This was confirmed for the 3p spectra of K'and the 4 p spectra of Rb+ in alkali halide c ~ m p i u n d s . ~ ~ * ~ ~ The situation is different in the case of s-p andp-s transitions; i n ~ + , f o r example the 1s-4p transition leads to almost a three-fold increase in the ionic radius, and the radius of the excited free ion already exceeds the radius of the cation sphere in the crystal. Solid-state effects a r e already significant in the corresponding spectra.
Improved image quality in transcatheter aortic valve implantation planning CT using deep learning-based image reconstruction

Background This study aims to evaluate the impact of a novel deep learning-based image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithm on the image quality in computed tomographic angiography (CTA) for pre-interventional planning of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Methods We analyzed 50 consecutive patients (median age 80 years, 25 men) who underwent TAVI planning CT on a 256-dectector-row CT. Images were reconstructed with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction V (ASIR-V) and DLIR. Intravascular image noise, edge sharpness, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were quantified for ascending aorta, descending aorta, abdominal aorta and iliac arteries. Two readers (one radiologist and one interventional cardiologist) scored task-specific subjective image quality on a five-point scale. Results DLIR significantly reduced median image noise by 29–57% at all anatomical locations (all P<0.001). Accordingly, median SNR improved by 44–133% (all P<0.001) and median CNR improved by 44–125% (all P<0.001). DLIR significantly improved subjective image quality for all four pre-specified TAVI-specific tasks (measuring the annulus, assessing valve morphology and calcifications, the coronary ostia, and the suitability of the aorto-iliac access route) for both the radiologist and the interventional cardiologist (P≤0.001). Measurements of the aortic annulus circumference, area and diameter did not differ between ASIR-V and DLIR reconstructions (all P>0.05). Conclusions DLIR significantly improves objective and subjective image quality in TAVI planning CT compared to a state-of-the-art iterative reconstruction without affecting measurements of the aortic annulus. This may provide an opportunity for further reductions in contrast medium volume in this population.
Application of Defined Approaches to Assess Skin Sensitization Potency of Isothiazolinone Compounds

Introduction: Isothiazolinones (ITs) are widely used as antimicrobial preservatives in cosmetics and as additives for preservation of consumer and industrial products to control bacteria, fungi, and algae. Although they are effective biocides, they have the potential to produce skin irritation and sensitization, which poses a human health hazard. In this project, we evaluated nonanimal defined approaches (DAs) for skin sensitization that can provide point-of-departure estimates for use in quantitative risk assessment for ITs. Materials and Methods: The skin sensitization potential of six ITs was evaluated using three internationally harmonized nonanimal test methods: the direct peptide reactivity assay, KeratinoSens™, and the human cell line activation test. Results from these test methods were then applied to two versions of the Shiseido Artificial Neural Network DA. Results: Sensitization hazard or potency predictions were compared with those of the in vivo murine local lymph node assay (LLNA). The nonanimal methods produced skin sensitization hazard and potency classifications concordant with those of the LLNA. EC3 values (the estimated concentration needed to produce a stimulation index of three, the threshold positive response) generated by the DAs had less variability than LLNA EC3 values, and confidence limits from the DAs overlapped those of the LLNA EC3 for most substances. Conclusion: The application of in silico models to in chemico and in vitro skin sensitization data is a promising data integration procedure for DAs to support hazard and potency classification and quantitative risk assessment.
Physical and electrical characteristics of the high-k Ta2O5 "tantalum pentoxide… dielectric deposited on the polycrystalline silicon

The high-k Ta2O5 films deposited on the polycrystalline silicon treated with different postrapid thermal annealing temperatures were formed as high-k interdielectrics. Physical and electrical characteristics of the Ta2O5 dielectrics were investigated with x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and electrical analysis. The annealing at 800 °C was found to be the optimal condition to reduce the defects and interface traps existed in the interface between the Ta2O5 dielectric and polysilicon to fabricate a well-crystallized film with higher breakdown field, lower leakage current and smaller charge trapping rate. This Ta2O5 dielectric shows promise for future generation of nonvolatile memory.
An LU implicit scheme for high speed inlet analysis

A numerical method is developed to analyze the inviscid flowfield of a high speed inlet by the solution of the Euler equations. The lower-upper implicit scheme in conjunction with adaptive dissipation proves to be an efficient and robust nonoscillatory shock capturing technique for high Mach number flows as well as for transonic flows.
Optimal management of a limited number of replacements under Markovian deterioration

This article examines the problem of adaptively scheduling a limited number of identical replacements of a vital component, each of which degrades according to a discrete-time Markov chain. The component is vital in the sense that its failure results in irreparable system breakdown; therefore, the objective is to maximize the total expected lifetime of the system, though other performance measures are explored under the optimal policy. The problem is formulated as a discrete-time Markov decision process and its structural properties are examined. While the problem scenario is fairly simple, the proofs of intuitive structural properties via standard dynamic programming approaches are elusive. Instead, we demonstrate the usefulness of a sample path approach in a maintenance optimization context, and provide some counterexamples to other seemingly intuitive structural results.
A MEMORY PALACE FOR BRAIN ANATOMY AND FUNCTION REPRESENTED IN VIRTUAL REALITY

Memory palaces are effective tools for learning vast amounts of information in a canonical order using mnemonics. However, our review of the literature revealed a lack of implementation and user study of memory palace in Virtual Reality (VR) for neuroscience education. VR technology enables us to build highly interactive virtual learning spaces that are engaging and interesting. As a result, we implemented a web-based version of VR (known as WebXR) to help students about brain regions for the first time including the name, function, and location of each brain part.
Effects and Mechanisms of Ban-Xia Xie-Xin Decoction on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Network Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Evidence.

BACKGROUND Studies have indicated that Ban-Xia Xie-Xin Decoction (BXXXD) has therapeutic effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, due to the complexity of components and diversity of targets, the mechanisms are still not fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE In this research, we systematically analysed the targets of BXXXD through the method of network pharmacology and further validated them through experiments. METHODS The active components and therapeutic targets were identified, and these targets were analysed by the methods of gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Then, based on these network pharmacology analyses, we validated the main targets through animal experiments. RESULTS A total of 169 active components and 159 targets were identified. KEGG analysis showed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) signalling pathway, the phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase (PI3K), Akt signalling pathway, and other pathways were related to the treatment of T2DM by BXXXD. PPI network analysis showed that the key genes included signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), JUN, TNF, Recombinant V-Rel Reticuloendotheliosis Viral Oncogene Homolog A (RELA), Akt/PKB-1 (Protein kinase B), TP53, mitogen-activated protein kinase-1 (MAPK-1), mitogen-activated protein kinase-3 (MAPK-3), interleukin- 6 (IL6), and mitogen-activated protein kinase-14 (MAPK-14), respectively. Animal experiments showed that BXXXD could reduce blood glucose and improve insulin resistance, which may be related to the mechanisms of inhibiting TNF, interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and interleukin-17 (IL-17) and promoting Akt phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Our research revealed the mechanisms of BXXXD in the treatment of diabetes, which laid a solid foundation for further studies on the molecular mechanisms of BXXXD in the treatment of T2DM.
On the Existence of Storm-Tracks.

Abstract Given that middle latitude weather systems transport heat in a manner such as to weaken the baroclinicity that is thought to be crucial to their growth, it is perhaps surprising that concentrated regions of such eddy activity, i.e. storm-tracks, are found in the Northern Hemisphere winter. The existence and possible self-maintenance of storm-tracks is investigated using a linear, stationary wave model with storm-track region forcings taken from data averaged over a number of winters. It is found that the direct thermal effect of the eddies does indeed act against the existence of the storm-track. Their vorticity fluxes lead to some reduction of this effect. It is argued that the mean diabatic heating in the storm-track region is an indirect eddy effect. This heating is found to maintain the mean maximum in baroclinicity in the region. Further, the mean low-level flow induced by the eddy effects is such as to enhance the warm western oceanic boundary currents that are crucial to the existence of t.
Influence of black hole sign on prognosis in intracerebral hemorrhage and its correlation with cerebral microbleeds

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between cranial computed tomography (CT) black hole sign (BHS) and cerebral microbleeds (CMB) detected on cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the relationship between BHS and poor prognosis in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS: Our study is designed as a prospective observational study. Patients admitted to our hospital between September 2018 and October 2019 were evaluated. Patients older than 18 years old and whose cranial CT were performed within 6 hours of onset were included. The patients divided into two groups according to BHS presence. After exclusion of the patients who underwent surgery, demographic, clinical, laboratory, and imaging characteristics were compared between the two groups. The effect of BHS on poor prognosis were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Sixty six of 88 patients admitted to our hospital were included. 47 of the patients (71.2%) were male, and mean age was 63.08 ± 14.33 years. BHS was found in 16 patients (24.2%). Anticoagulant use, hemorrhage volume on initial CT scan, presence of midline shift, and presence of pineal gland shift were significantly higher in BHS positive patients (p<0.05). While CMB presence was comparable between groups, CMB number was significantly lower in patients with BHS (p=0.023). In-hospital and 90-day mortality were significantly higher in BHS positive patients, but 90-day mRS scores were similar between two groups. BHS was not an independent predictor of poor prognosis in multivariable logistic regression (p>0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: BHS was shown to be associated with in-hospital and 90-day mortality. Negative relationship between BHS and CMB number may support the microbleeding-macrobleeding concept in ICH patients.
Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate in the Bread Matrix with Glycemic Reduction

Bread has a high glycemic index (GI) and rich contents of quickly digestible carbohydrates, which is associated with insulin resistance and the risk of chronic diseases. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is the primary catechin component that inhibits starch hydrolases, while the low release and absorption rates limit its utilization. In this study, EGCG was added to the bread matrix for fortification to reduce its glycemic index compared to white bread. EGCG fortification at 4% decreased the starch digestion rate of baked bread by 24.43% compared to unfortified bread and by 14.31% compared to white bread, with an identical amount of EGCG outside the matrix. Moreover, the predicted GI (pGI) was reduced by 13.17% compared to white bread. Further, 4% EGCG-matched bread enhanced the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of EGCG by 40.38% and 47.11%, respectively, compared to the control. The results of molecular docking demonstrated that EGCG had a higher binding affinity with α-amylase than with α-glucosidase, indicating that EGCG may effectively inhibit the accumulation of carbs during starch digestion. Thus, EGCG can be used as a functional ingredient in bread to reduce its glycemic potential, and the bread matrix can be used as a carrier for EGCG delivery to enhance its bioaccessibility and bioavailability.
CEPHEIDS AS DISTANCE INDICATORS WHEN USED NEAR THEIR DETECTION LIMIT

An observational selection bias for Cepheid variables that flattens an observed P-L relation from its true slope is identified. Its existence is simulated by truncating an unbiased (complete) list of Cepheids in the LMC at progressively brighter magnitudes and showing thereby that the slope of the P-L relation of the remaining variables is too shallow. This slope effect is shown from literature data for Cepheids in the LMC, NGC 6822, IC 1613, M 31, M 33, WLM, Sextans A, Sextans B, NGC 3109, and NGC 300. Apparent distance modulii in the B band relative to the LMC are obtained as {DELTA}(m - M) = 5.65 for NGC 6822, 5.65 for IC 1613, 6.0 for M 31, 6.2 for WLM, 6.3 for M 33, 7.3 for Sextans A and B, 7.4 for NGC 3109, and 7.6 for NGC 300. If (m - M)AB_ = 18.95 for the LMC, obtained by using the adopted Cepheid zero point discussed in the text, the apparent blue modulus of M 33 (about which there has been previous debate) is (m - M)AB_ = 25.25. If AB_ = 0.6 mag for the M 33 Cepheids (Freedman 1985), the true modulus of M 33 is (m - M) = 24.65 from these data.
Fault‐tolerant formation control of multiple UAVs in the presence of actuator faults

In order to counteract actuator faults in formation flight of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), this paper presents a fault‐tolerant formation control (FTFC) design methodology, in which the reference generator and the finite‐time convergence of FTFC gains are explicitly considered. Feasible references in response to actuator faults can be generated by considering the health and mission conditions of an overall team of UAVs. Moreover, by applying an auxiliary integrated regressor matrix and vector method, FTFC gains can converge within a finite amount of time to facilitate the fault accommodation process. Thus, the negative effects resulting from failed actuators can be compensated by the healthy/redundant actuators in UAVs. Simulation studies of UAV formation flight are carried out to exemplify the effectiveness of this design approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self-Supervised Deep Visual Odometry Based on Geometric Attention Model

Existing learning-based algorithms have a certain potential in visual odometry. In this work, we propose the solution of the learning-based method, which contains the attention mechanism and pose graph optimization. We set a self-supervised network as our backbone to cope with image data and error-heavy estimation pose for pose correction. The pre-processing camera poses involved in the network can provide prior information. Combining the advantages of the abundant feature information and efficient attention mechanism, we design a geometric attention module that is sensitive to geometrical structure from images to accurately regress the rotation matrix. Then we improve the loss function with the weights of the attention module to consider the diversity of the data. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of our approach on the public datasets KITTI with monocular task and stereo task. In comparison, the proposed method is superior to the existing methods in the translation component. In the self-supervised network, learning an attention mechanism can extract an effective connect relation of feature maps. We conduct ablation experiments under the self-supervised network backbone setting different strategies, and conclude that the proposed attention module is applicable to various sequences, and provide loss function improvements on the visual odometry task.
The titanium oxide phi system

The Phi system (b /sup 1/Pi--d /sup 1/.sigma.) of titanium oxide has been studied in emission in the near-infrared, with the Fourier transform spectrometer at Kitt Peak National Observatory, at a resolution of 800,000. Approximately 3000 lines from 25 bands of this system have been identified, including all five 0--0 and 0--1 bands corresponding to the five natural titanium isotopes. Six lower and five upper vibrational levels have been observed, and all bands have been rotationally analyzed. The molecular constants have been calculated. Band intensities are in reasonable agreement with known isotopic abundances and calculated Franck-Condon factors.
South African urban youth responses to living in a world with COVID: Lessons from #Slam4urLife

Using poetry, visual art, songs, raps and sketches submitted to #Slam4urLife, a social media competition encouraging young people in South Africa to respond creatively to the COVID-19 pandemic, this article outlines young urban people’s responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa through four narratives: shock, loss, survival and activism. Resting on practices of engaged scholarship, it draws on knowledge bases and collaborations in and beyond the academy to contribute grounded research on arts-based social media competitions as an effective method for encouraging and amplifying the youth voice. It does this by creating digital public spaces in which young people can practise civic engagement in contexts where this cannot be done in physical public spaces. In doing so, the article contributes to the literature on community-based research and youth in African cities from the perspective of South Africa. It also argues the importance of art-based social media competitions in creating digital public spaces in which the youth voice can be encouraged, legitimised and amplified in so far as these kinds of digital spaces allow for a kind of civic engagement not always seen by young people in the physical public spaces of African cities.
Fault Estimation Method for Nonlinear Time-Delay System Based on Intermediate Observer-Application on Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

In this paper, the problem of actuator and sensor faults of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (QUAV) system is studied. In the system fault model, time delay, nonlinear term, and disturbances of QUAV during the flight are considered. A fault estimation algorithm based on an intermediate observer is proposed. To deal with a single actuator fault, an intermediate variable is introduced, and the intermediate observer is designed for the system to estimate fault. For simultaneous actuator and sensor faults, the system is first augmented, and then two intermediate variables are introduced, and an intermediate observer is designed for the augmented system to estimate the system state, faults, and disturbances. The Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is used to prove that the estimation error system is uniformly eventually bounded. The simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed fault estimation method.