Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics in Individual Silicon Nanowires: Characterization of Diameter-Dependent Carrier Lifetime and Surface Recombination with Pump–Probe Microscopy

Ultrafast charge carrier dynamics in silicon nanowires (NWs) grown by a vapor–liquid–solid mechanism were interrogated with optical pump–probe microscopy. The high time and spatial resolutions achieved by the experiments provide insight into the charge carrier dynamics of single nanostructures. Individual NWs were excited by a femtosecond pump pulse focused to a diffraction-limited spot, producing photogenerated carriers (electrons and holes) in a localized region of the structure. Photoexcited carriers undergo both electron–hole recombination and diffusional migration away from the excitation spot on similar time scales. The evolution of the carrier population is monitored by a delayed probe pulse that is also focused to a diffraction-limited spot. When the pump and probe are spatially overlapped, the transient signal reflects both recombination and carrier migration. Diffusional motion is directly observed by spatially separating the pump and probe beams, enabling carriers to be generated in one locatio.
A Study on Pre-service Teachers’ Satisfaction on Adapted Physical Education E-learning Supplement

This study investigated pre-service teachers’ level of satisfaction toward two different format of Adapted Physical Education (APE) instructional supplement in Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) course. The APE instructional supplement about inclusion strategies for individuals with Intellectual Disability (ID) was developed based on instructional design model (Dick, Carey, & Carey, 2005). Two groups of pre-service teachers (N=50) took the same content supplement with different delivery system, E-learning group (n=25) with online, traditional group (n=25) with the printed handout. A modified Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ) measured the level of satisfaction toward the supplement. The results indicated the e-learning module (M = 5.357, SD =.633) was more effective than the traditional supplement in completing the task of the supplement (M = 2.79, SD = .699). (t [13] = 9.527 p< .001). On the satisfaction level for the organization of content, the e-learning group (M = 5.357, SD = .750) had statistically higher satisfaction levels than the tradition group (M = 3.643, SD =.297) (t [13] = 6.450, p< .001). However, satisfaction on the quality of content was not statistically significant between the e-learning (M = 5.142, SD = .662) and the traditional group (M = 5.286, SD = .611) (t [13] = .922, p = .435).
Fate of some heavy metals in soils: a review.

This review revealed that heavy metals are naturally components of the soil orchestrated by weathering processes and that the abundance of these metals in our soil environment nowadays is due to numerous anthropogenic activities. These heavy metals are in two major categories namely the essential and non- essential ones. The essential heavy metals are needed in trace amount by living things for their physiological processes. But at higher concentration, it is hazardous in plants and animals. On the other hand, the non essential ones aredangerous to plants and animals even at low concentrations. This write-up further showed that soil pH, organic carbon, available P, oxides, effective cation exchange capacity, moisture content, oxidation-reduction state of the metals, ion exchange and sorption capacity of the metals are some of the soil factors influencing the fate and availability of the heavy metals. At lower levels of these soil factors, heavy metal ions are rendered free in the solution thereby making them available to plant and underground water. However, the most prominent soil factor influencing availability of these metals is the Soil pH. Raising some of these soil factors to appropriate levels have been discovered to reduce the availability of the heavy metals to mankind.
Experimental Techniques to Assess Coral Physiology In Situ: Current Approaches and Novel Insights

Coral reefs are declining worldwide due to global changes in the marine environment. The increasing frequency of massive bleaching events in the tropics is highlighting the need to better understand the stages of coral physiological responses to extreme conditions. Moreover, like many other coastal regions, coral reef ecosystems are facing additional localized anthropogenic issues such as nutrient loading, increased turbidity, and coastal development. Different strategies have been developed to measure the health status of a damaged reef, ranging from the resolution of individual polyps to an entire coral community, but techniques for measuring coral physiology in situ are not yet widely implemented. For instance, while there are many studies of the coral holobiont response in single or limited-number multiple stressor experiments, they provide only partial insights to metabolic performance under more complex temporally and spatially variable natural conditions. Here, we discuss the current status of coral reefs and their global and local stressors in the context of experimental techniques that measure core processes in coral metabolism (respiration, photosynthesis, and biocalcification) in situ, and their role in indicating the health status of colonies and communities. We highlight the need to improve the capability of in situ studies in order to better understand the resilience and stress response of corals under multiple global and local scale stressors.
Voltage Dependent Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation in Silicon Electrodes: Monitoring the Formation of Organic Decomposition Products

The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) passivating layer that grows on all battery electrodes during cycling is critical to the long-term capacity retention of lithium-ion batteries. Yet, it is inherently difficult to study because of its nanoscale thickness, amorphous composite structure, and air sensitivity. Here, we employ an experimental strategy using 1H, 7Li, 19F, and 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) to gain insight into the decomposition products in the SEI formed on silicon electrodes, the uncontrolled growth of the SEI representing a major failure mechanism that prevents the practical use of silicon in lithium-ion batteries. The voltage dependent formation of the SEI is confirmed, with the SEI growth correlating with irreversible capacity. By studying both conductive carbon and mixed Si/C composite electrodes separately, a correlation with increased capacity loss of the composite system and the low-voltage silicon plateau is demonstrated. Using selective 13C labeling, we detect .
Corporate Patenting, Customer Capital, and Financial Market Outcomes

We study how patenting enhances customer capital and creates financial value. We find that firms with more and higher quality patents develop more customer capital as measured by better customer perceptions of product innovativeness and quality. To establish causality, we exploit the exogenous variation in the random assignment of patent examiners to review applications and use the average examiner leniency as an instrument for patent grants. Our mediation analysis documents a positive impact of patenting on firm performance through enhanced customer capital. Collectively, our findings establish a clear link between patenting and customer capital, which in turn creates financial value.
Change in Systemic Risk in Indian Financial Market due to COVID-19 Pandemic

This paper used an economic model of systemic risk given by Acharya (2016) to measure the state of systemic risk in Indian financial market during COVID-19 Pandemic. It is based on marginal expected shortfall (MES), the likelihoods of a financial firm to be undercapitalized when the financial system as a whole is undercapitalized. The paper empirically measures the MES of financial firms of NIFTY 50 for pre-COVID year 2019-20 and COVID year2020-21 and found that the undercapitalization of Indian financial firm has increased 3 fold during COVID-19 Pandemic ensuing systemic risk has been increased during COVID-19 year to pre-COVID year. The result is also supported by daily stock return correlations of financial firms which is a simple and robust indicator of systemic risk. It has been found that the correlations of financial firm stock returns among themselves and market index as well is increased during COVID-19 pandemic that led to rise in systemic risk. Higher correlations among financial firms are a prerequisite for systemic failure.
Systematic Risk, Creditor Protection and Leverage – A Cross-Country Analysis

The influence of systematic risk exposure on corporate financing decisions is receiving increasing attention in the empirical capital structure research. While most recent studies of the US-market show, that systematic risk (measured with asset beta) affects corporate capital structure decisions, little is known about cross-country differences regarding this relationship. In this paper we use institutional factors that represent the protection of creditors to explore the interaction effects between country-specific factors and asset beta on financing decisions. Our findings indicate, that (i) on average, firms with higher asset beta use less debt, (ii) the protection of creditor rights mitigate the negative impact of asset beta on leverage, (iii) the negative effect of asset beta on leverage is more pronounced for firms with higher levels of leverage and (iv) that especially in countries with weak protection of creditor rights, firms with high asset beta choose less leverage in economic downturns.
Farklı İş Yükleri Altında NoSQL Sistemlerinin Performans Analizi

NoSQL database systems are becoming a widely used data platform for big data applications. In order to make the best choice among different NoSQL solutions, it is necessary to analyze the weaknesses and strengths of these systems by using workloads with low or high data load in the light of certain parameters. In this study, we used 6 different workloads of the Yahoo Cloud Service Benchmark Tool. We used current versions of MongoDB and CassandraDB database systems in our study. In addition, we have introduced the performance analyzes of these two NoSQL systems, which we frequently encounter in our literature research, with the latest developments. However, we have shown that the popularity of OrientDB, which increases day by day in the world of graphical databases, is compared with two leading systems such as MongoDB and CassandraDB
PERCEIVED SERVICE QUALITY DAN INTENTION MAHASISWA DI SURABAYA: STUDI EMPIRIS PADA APLIKASI MOBILE DENGAN LAYANAN FREEMIUM

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara service quality dan intention pada penggunaan aplikasi mobile yang memiliki layanan freemium oleh mahasiswa di Surabaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling terhadap 149 mahasiswa. Kriteria sampel adalah mahasiswa yang menggunakan aplikasi dengan layanan freemium di smartphone yang mereka miliki. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat analisis statistik partial least square dengan software SMART PLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) perceived service quality berpengaruh positif signifkan terhadap usage intention dan purchase intention (2) assurance, empathy, reliability dan responsiveness berpengaruh positif namun hanya responsiveness yang pengaruhnya signifikan terhadap usage intention (3) assurance, empathy, reliability dan responsiveness berpengaruh positif namun hanya assurance yang pengaruhnya signifikan terhadap purchase intention (4) usage intention berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap purchase intention. Kata Kunci: service quality, usage intention, purchase intention, freemium
Research on tissue culture and rapid propagation technology of shoot tip for Zhangxi taro

The shoot tip of Zhangxi taro was taken as material to study the effects of different exogenous hormones on induction culture, proliferation culture and rooting culture of taro tissue cultivation, and to set up a technique system for tissue culture and rapid propagation of Zhangxi taro. The results showed that disinfecting for 5-6 minutes by using 0.1% Hg Cl2 was the best disinfection method for explant, MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L was the suitable culture medium for cluster buds' differentiation of Zhangxi taro, MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L was the suitable proliferation culture medium and the proliferation rate reached 5.3, 1/2MS +IBA 0.20 mg/L +NAA 0.20mg/L was the best culture medium for taking root, the best transplanting substrate was the combination of peat,vermiculite, pearlite with 4∶1∶1.
Preparation and Characterization of Sodium Zirconium Phosphate Powder with Peculiar Morphology

Single-phase Na2Zr(PO4)2 powders were directly synthesized by hydrothermal method using ZrOCl2⋅8H2O and sodium polyphosphate as raw materials, water as solvent. The effects of hydrothermal conditions and calcination temperature on the microstructure of sodium zirconium phosphate powders were investigated systemically by SEM, XRD and TG-DSC, etc. It is found that, when the molar ratio of raw materials is 1:2 (n(ZrOCl2⋅8H2O): n(Na5P3O10)) without adjusting pH value, slices being assembled coil-like Na2Zr(PO4)2 powders with good dispersion and uniform size can be obtained after 14 h hydrothermal treatment at 140°C. Appropriate extension of time and increase of temperature are beneficial to the powder formation. The higher the temperature, the shorter time the desired powders form. After calcination, Na2Zr(PO4)2 powders decompose and their morphology are destroyed. The growth mechanism of the sodium zirconium phosphate powders being prepared by hydrothermal method is explained by a basic growth unit model.
Mechanical Property Enhancement of Polylactide Nanofibers through Optimization of Molecular Weight, Electrospinning Conditions, and Stereocomplexation

Aligned poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) electrospun nanofibers of different molecular weights (Mw = 100K, 300K, and 700K) were collected using a rotating disk at take-up velocities of 63, 630, and 1890 m/min. Structural development within the spun fibers was examined. Enhanced crystallinities were observed within the fibers spun at elevated take-up velocities, from the polymers with increased Mw. Mechanical properties were evaluated using the single nanofiber tensile test. Despite exhibiting remarkable crystalline and amorphous orientation, the fibers prepared from polymer of molecular weight, 700K, displayed a significant drop in tensile strength when a take-up velocity of 1890 m/min was used to stretch and align the fibers. The finding suggests that an optimum processing condition exists in the preparation of mechanically superior PLLA fiber electrospun from different molecular weight. This study has also collected aligned nanofibers electrospun from poly(l-lactide) (PLLA)/poly(d-lactide) (PDLA) blended solution.
Differential Management Strategies and Outcomes in Patients over 65 years with Acute Calculous Biliary Disease—Results and Insights from the ESTES Complicated Biliary Calculous Disease Snapshot Audit

Background: Acute complicated calculous biliary disease (ACCBD) may pose challenges in an ageing population. Frailty and comorbidities increase the potential risks of surgery; thus, surgeons may opt to offer operative treatments less often to their older patients. We set out to capture the incidence and treatment algorithms used across Europe to treat older patients presenting with ACCBD.Methods: Analysis of the European Society of Trauma and Emergency Surgery (ESTES) 2018 Acute Complicated Calculous Biliary Disease audit was performed. Patients undergoing emergency hospital admission with ACCBD between 1 October 2018 and 31 October 2018 were included. The primary outcome measure was operative intervention in patients over and under 65 years of age. Mortalities, post-operative morbidity, time to operative intervention, post-acute disposition and length of hospital stay were measured as secondary outcomes.Results: The median age of the 338 patients admitted to the snapshot was 67 years; 185 patients (54.7%) were over 65 years at time of admission. Significantly fewer patients over 65 underwent definitive surgical treatment, compared with those under 65 (37.8% vs. 64.7%, p <0.001). Surgical complications were seen more frequently in the over 65 cohort. Post-operative mortality was seen in 2.2% of over 65s versus 0.7% under 65(p=0.253). Mean post-operative length of stay was significantly longer in the elderly cohort. In patients surviving to discharge, post-acute convalescence or rehabilitation was required in 13.3% in the elderly cohort versus 1.9% of those under 65 (p=0.002). Conclusions: Elderly patients commonly present with ACCBD. Increased frailty and incidence of comorbid disease in this population increases the potential surgical risk. In our snapshot, elderly patients represented the majority, but far fewer were offered definitive surgical treatment. Post-operative mortality, morbidity, length of post-operative in-hospital stay and the requirement for post-discharge convalescence were higher in this group.
Channel Estimation Aware Performance Analysis for Massive MIMO With Rician Fading

In this paper, by considering the average mean squared error (AMSE) of channel estimation, we primarily obtain the closed-from expressions of the probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function of AMSE for the least squares (LS)/minimum mean squared error (MMSE) estimation method as the line-of-sight (LOS) component is known, where the asymptotic analysis is executed in Rayleigh fading and strong LOS conditions. Secondly, the closed-form expressions for the expectation of AMSE (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm{Exp}}_{\mathrm{amse}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and variance of AMSE (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm{Var}}_{\mathrm{amse}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) are acquired, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm{Var}}_{\mathrm{amse}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is inversely proportional to the number of antennas (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). As <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula> becomes infinite, the PDF of AMSE at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm{Exp}}_{\mathrm{amse}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> has an order of root <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. When the pilot power decreases with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in a power law, the LS case keeps deteriorating while the MMSE case converges to a constant which basically depends on the Rician <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-factor. Next, the spectral efficiency is investigated by considering AMSE. When <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm{Exp}}_{\mathrm{amse}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> accelerates, the spectral efficiency of the LS method keeps dropping and that of the MMSE method firstly is degraded and then is improved to a constant except Rayleigh fading. Finally, all results are validated via simulations.
Whole-genome identification and systematic analysis of lncRNA-mRNA co-expression profiles in patients with cutaneous basal cell carcinoma

Cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common subtype of malignant skin tumor with low invasiveness. Early diagnosis and treatment of BCC and the identification of specific biomarkers are particularly urgent. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to be associated with the development of various tumors, including BCC. The present study conducted a comparative analysis of the differential expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs through whole-genome technology. Microarray analyses were used to identify differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and DE mRNAs. Reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q) PCR confirmed the differential expression of 10 lncRNAs in BCC. Subsequently, a lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was constructed using the top 10 DE lncRNAs. Finally, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to investigate the possible biological effects of the identified mRNAs and to speculate on the possible biological effects of the lncRNAs. A total of 1,838 DE lncRNAs and 2,010 DE mRNAs were identified and 10 of the DE lncRNAs were confirmed by RT-qPCR. A lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network comprising 166 specific co-expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs was constructed using the top 10 DE lncRNAs. According to the results of the GO and KEGG analyses, lncRNA XR_428612. 1 may serve an important role in mitochondrial dysfunction and the progression of BCC by modulating TICAM1, USMG5, COX7A2, FBXO10, ATP5E and TIMM8B. The present study provided whole-genome identification and a systematic analysis of lncRNA-mRNA co-expression profiles in BCC.
Current Research on Polyelectrolyte Nanostructures: From Molecular Interactions to Biomedical Applications

Polyelectrolytes have been at the center of interdisciplinary research for many decades. In the field of polymer science and soft matter, they have provided the dimensions of electrostatic interactions, which opens a vast variety of opportunities for new physical properties and applications. In biological matter, polyelectrolytes are present in many forms, from extracellular polysaccharides to complex DNA molecules and proteins. This review discusses the recent research on polyelectrolytes covering the fundamental level of their conformations and nanostructures, their molecular interactions with materials that have close relevance to bioapplications and their applications in the biomedical field. This approach is motivated by the fact that the polyelectrolyte research is constantly active in all the aforementioned levels and continually affects many critical scientific areas.
Leaching Process of Manganese from Manganese Ore Using H_2SO_4 and Molasses Alcohol Wastewater

The leaching process technology of leaching manganese from manganese ore by using molasses alcohol wastewater as reductant in sulfuric acid was studied. The effects of the molasses alcohol wastewater dosage, sulfuric acid concentration, reaction temperature, leaching time and the particle size of the ore on the leaching process were investigated. It was found that, with increasing the molasses alcohol wastewater dosage used, the leaching ratio of Mn increases, while that of Al changes a little and the dissolution of Fe decreases. All the leaching ratios of above mentioned three metals increase with the increases of sulfuric acid concentration, reaction temperature and leaching time. The ore particle size also affects the leaching process, and Mn leaching ratio is inversely proportional to the ore particle size. The most suitable conditions for the process of leaching manganese with H2SO4 and molasses wastewater were found as following, the ratio of molasses wastewater to manganese ore of 2.2 mL·g-1, H2SO4 concentration of 2.35 mol·L-1, particle size smaller than 0.147 mm, reaction temperature of 90℃ and the leaching time of 120 min. Under these conditions, the leaching ratio of Mn reaches more than 94.9% and those of Al and Fe are about 23.6% and 34.7%, respectively.