Analisis Perbandingan Model Bisnis Platform Crowdfunding Di Indonesia Dengan Menggunakan Platform Design Toolkit

Kuantitas praktek crowdfunding mengalami peningkatan di seluruh dunia. Terlepas dari tumbuh pesatnya platform crowdfunding, hingga saat ini belum ada penelitian yang menjelaskan bagaimana perbandingan model bisnis platform crowdfunding. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini akan bertujuan untuk membandingkan model bisnis dari berbagai situs platform crowdfunding dengan cara mengidentifikasi komponen model bisnisnya. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini, peneliti akan menggunakan framework Platform Design Toolkit (PDT). Dengan menggunakan PDT, kita dapat mengidentifikasi komponen-komponen yang ada di dalam sebuah platform. Dengan hasil identifikasi ini, kita akan melakukan benchmark atas platform-platform crowdfunding yang ada. Dari sana, kita dapat mencari tahu komponen-komponen mana saja yang digunakan oleh platform crowdfunding di Indonesia saat ini. Kami memilih Indonesia karena Indonesia adalah negara dengan nilai ekonomi terbesar di ASEAN. Hasil dari tugas akhir ini adalah pemetaan perbandingan model bisnis antara platform crowdfunding di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan pemetaan ini, kita menemukan fakta-fakta mengenai model bisnis platform crowdfunding di Indonesia berdasarkan perspektif Platform Design Toolkit. Pada perspektif Platform Owners menunjukkan bahwa pasar crowdfunding di Indonesia dikuasai oleh manajemen dalam negeri, semua platform crowdfunding dimiliki oleh Persero Terbatas dan usia beroperasi tidak menjadikan platform menjadi pemain besar. Pada perspektif Platform Stakeholders menunjukkan bahwa pemain kecil crowdfunding kesulitan mendapatkan ijin OJK dan pemain besar pasti telah mendapatkan pendanaan Series A dari Venture Capitalist dan/atau Bank. Dari perspektif Peers menunjukkan crowdfunding di Indonesia lebih mementingkan UMKM daripada Bisnis Makro dan Pendana Personal merupakan pendana yang diterapkan oleh seluruh platform. Dari perspektif Partners menunjukkan di Indonesia pemain besar pasti sudah memiliki Expandable Partner dan ijin dari OJK. Dari perspektif Transactions, crowdfunding di Indonesia pasti memiliki aktifitas top-up dana, mengadakan kampanye, pemberi pinjaman, membayar tagihan dan pencairan dana. Dari perspektif Channels and Context menunjukkan bahwa proses bisnis crowdfunding dapat berjalan sepenuhnya secara online. Dari perspektif Services menunjukkan layanan yang pasti diberikan kepada partner adalah pencantuman logo, sedangkan untuk pengguna adalah F.A. Q dan dashboard. Selain itu crowdfunding lebih mementingkan bagaimana melayani pendana daripada peminjam. Dari perspektif Value Propositions menunjukkan di Indonesia crowdfunding dengan investasi sosial kurang diminati, pemain besar menetapkan jumlah minimal investasi di atas Rp 100 ribu dan maksimal pinjaman di atas Rp 250 juta. Dari perspektif Infrastructure and Core Components menunjukkan bahwa platform crowdfunding di Indonesia belum memaksimalkan pangsa pasar dengan belum menyediakan aplikasi mobile. ======================================================================================================================== The number of crowdfunding websites have risen in an unprecedented volume. In 2014, there are 1250 crowdfunding websites and successfully collect as much as USD 162 billions from internet citizen worldwide. This number is twice higher than that of 2015 and is forecasted to grow exponentially. Despite of these success stories, there is now reseach that aims to understand why such as crowdfunding website is more prominent that others. For this reason, this study objective is to identify which business model component that makes a crowdfunding website is more superior to its opponents. In doing so, we utilize Platform Design Toolkit (PDT) to register business model components of a crowdfunding website. To this point, we collect 7 crowdfunding websites which operates in Indonesia and map each of them to PDT’s business model components. Afterwards, we banchmark the result and extract useful knowledge of platform business competitiveness. By having this understanding, we got some facts about crowdfunding business model. In the Platform Owners perspective shows that crowdfunding market in Indonesia is dominated by domestic management, all crowdfunding platforms are owned by Limited Persero and operating age does not make the platform a big player. On the Stakeholders Platform perspective shows that small crowdfunding players is difficult to get OJK license and big players already have Series A funding from Venture Capitalist or Bank. From the perspective of Peers showing crowdfunding in Indonesia is more concerned with SMEs than Macro Business and Personal Funding is a fund that is implemented by all platforms. From the perspective of Partners show in Indonesia big players would already have Expandable Partner and OJK license. From the perspective of Transactions, crowdfunding in Indonesia has activities like top-up fund, campaigning, lending, paying bills and disbursing funds. From the perspective of Channels and Context shows that crowdfunding business processes can run entirely online. From the Services perspective it shows the exact service given to the partner is the inclusion of the logo, while for the user is F.A. Q and dashboard. In addition crowdfunding is more concerned with how to serve the investor than the borrower. From the perspective of Value Propositions showing that in Indonesia crowdfunding with social investment is less desirable, big players determine minimum amount of investment above Rp 100 thousand and maximum loan above Rp 250 million. From the perspective of Infrastructure and Core Components shows that crowdfunding platform in Indonesia has not maximized market share by not providing mobile application.