Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organic interventions conferring stress tolerance and crop quality in agroecosystems during the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration

Excessive use of synthetic chemicals in conventional agriculture largely degraded the agroecosystems that constitute approximately 40% of the global terrestrial ecosystems. Moreover, changing climate resulted in a substantial loss in agricultural productivity (both in quantity and in quality) mainly due to diverse abiotic and biotic stresses. This draws public awareness about depleting natural resources, viz., soil, land, and water due to unsustainable agricultural practices and equivalently concerns for food‐related animal and human health risks. Modern organic agriculture has shown positive impacts in terms of food/biomass production, climate resilience, soil health, biodiversity, nutritional security, and good quality of life; and is of prodigious demand for nutrient‐rich organic food products. In the ensuing decade, owing to the principal focus for the quality aspects or health benefits of organic agriculture, this review explores how organic interventions affect the nutritional value and yield quality in a production system; enable plants to adapt to adverse futuristic environmental conditions, and address the global food and nutritional security challenges. The chronological emergence, current global status, public perceptions, and key components of organic agriculture with their attached health benefits are inextricably synthesized herein. Fostering the ethos of organic agriculture under the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021–2030) is highly imperative for agroecosystem restoration and its sustainable management. Moreover, the multidimensional paybacks of organic agriculture help in attaining important global goals and targets such as the Bonn Challenge and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN‐SDGs) by the year 2030. Therefore, invigorating the escalation of organic farming as a concurrent strategy of soil, land, and ecosystem restoration is the need of the hour.
Proyección de precio de largo plazo del cobre: un enfoque metodológico crítico

El precio de los commodities ha experimentado cambios relevantes de tendencia en la última década, inducidos básicamente por los ciclos económicos y la situación particular de países que tienen un rol central, desde la perspectiva de oferta como de demanda de metales industriales. Dado esto ha cobrado mayor importancia la revisión de metodologías para proyectar el precio del cobre. El objetivo del presente estudio es comparar las proyecciones de las dos metodologías más utilizadas en la industria, realizadas en dos momentos distintos del tiempo, separadas por sólo cinco meses. De este modo lograr entender cada metodología, analizar su sensibilidad y de qué variables dependen la generación de incertidumbre al interior de cada una. Se encuentra mayor sensibilidad en la metodología Precio- Incentivo, con un cambio en la proyección de 13%, mientras tanto, el modelo econométrico presenta una variación en su resultado de 1.3%.
Grapefruit Juice Facilitates Cortisol Replacement Therapy: Role of CYP3A Variant Alleles

Glucocorticosteroid (GC) replacement therapy is required in several clinical situations. However, tapering down the GC doses may lead to a steroid withdrawal syndrome. We describe the case of a patient presenting with Cushing’s syndrome due to a pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) producing adenoma. After successful surgery, cortisol replacement was started. Unfortunately, tapering the hydrocortisone (HC) dose failed. We hypothesized that the presence of cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A variant alleles might at least partly explain the inappropriate response to HC. The patient appeared to be a CYP3A5 intermediate metabolizer (*1/*3) and a slightly more rapid CYP3A4 metabolizer (*1A/*1B), both accounting for an increased HC metabolism. Cortisol is metabolized via various biotransformation pathways which could be affected by grapefruit juice. After the patient started to take the HC with grapefruit juice, she felt better, and it became easier to taper down the daily HC dose. The peak cortisol dose was the same with and without the use of grapefruit juice, whereas the cortisol level six hours after the morning dose of HC was 20% higher than in the situation without grapefruit juice. In conclusion, grapefruit juice enhances cortisol availability by increasing 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) type 1 activity and simultaneously inhibiting cortisol metabolism by inhibiting the CYP3A enzymes. The presence of CYP polymorphisms appeared to be a substantial susceptibility risk factor in the cortisol metabolism and the development of a GC withdrawal syndrome.
Explainable reinforcement learning in production control of job shop manufacturing system

Manufacturing in the age of Industry 4.0 can be characterised by a high product variety and complex material flows. The increasing individualisation of products requires adaptive production planning and control systems. Research in the area of Machine Learning demonstrates the applicability and potential of Reinforcement Learning (RL) systems for the control of complex manufacturing. However, a major disadvantage of RL-methods is that they are usually considered as ‘black box’ models. For this reason, this paper investigates methods of explainable reinforcement learning in production control. Based on a comprehensive literature review an approach to increase the plausibility of RL-based control strategies is presented. The approach combines the advantages of high prediction accuracy (e.g. neural networks) and high explainability (e.g. decision trees). In doing so, understandable control strategies such as heuristics can be generated, and an advanced RL-system can be designed including specific domain expertise. The results are demonstrated based on a real-world system, taken from semiconductor manufacturing, which is investigated in a simulated approach.
Pandemi Sürecinde Uzaktan Eğitim ile Okul Öncesi Eğitimden İlkokula Geçiş Hakkında Veli Görüşleri

Bu araştırmanın amacı pandemi sürecinde uzaktan eğitim ile okul öncesinden ilkokula geçiş hakkında veli görüşlerini belirlemektir. Nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması deseninde tasarlanan araştırmanın katılımcıları çocuğu pandemi döneminde okul öncesi eğitimi tamamlayıp ilkokul 1. sınıfa geçiş yapan 20 veliden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplamak amacıyla katılımcılarla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre pandemi başlangıcında çocukların okul öncesi eğitime katılamadığı ve velilerin yapılan uzaktan eğitimden memnun olmadıkları, uzaktan eğitim ile yapılan okul öncesi eğitimde ise çoğunlukla öğretmenlerin telefon üzerinden WhatsApp uygulaması aracılığıyla etkinlikler gönderdiği, bunun yanında velilerin de kendi oluşturduğu etkinlikleri kullandıkları, süreçte aileye düşen görevlerin arttığı, çocukların iletişim, eğitsel ve sosyal açıdan çeşitli sıkıntılar yaşadıkları belirlenmiştir. İlkokul başlangıcında uzaktan eğitim sürecinde en çok EBA (Eğitim Bilişim Ağı) ve Zoom uygulamalarının kullanıldığı en az ise TRT Okul kanalının tercih edildiği bulunmuştur. Veliler senkron ve asenkron olarak katılım gösterdikleri uzaktan eğitim sürecinde yaşadıkları çeşitli olumlu durumlardan ayrıca sorun ve önerilerden bahsetmişlerdir. Araştırmanın sonuçları doğrultusunda pandemi döneminde okul öncesi eğitimin göz ardı edilmemesi ve öğretmen ile öğrenci arasında iletişimin artırılması önerilmektedir.
Re-scaling social mix: Public housing renewal in Melbourne

ABSTRACT Social mix is a widely used component of urban housing policy in post-welfare states. Problematizing homogenous areas of disadvantage, social mix policies purportedly aspire to increase socioeconomic diversity within defined areas. In Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, a major program of public housing renewal has been underway since the early 2000s, justified by a social mix agenda. This paper investigates the discursive and scalar mechanisms used to justify and advance this policy scheme. First, the paper examines the discursive framing of social mix, demonstrating how this conceals both the commercial real estate drivers and continued government withdrawal from public housing. We then quantify the social mix outcomes of redevelopment, showing that estate renewal actually decreases mix at the neighborhood scale. In the midst of a serious housing crisis in Melbourne, the paper questions the purported social goals of public housing estate renewal and contributes to ongoing debates about social mix and public housing.
Optimization of Enzyme Assisted Extraction of Chondroitin Sulfate from Bohadschia argus by Response Surface Methodology

Chondroitin sulfate is currently one of the bioactive compounds obtained from different natural materials with high benefit in human medical treatment and pharmaceutical. However, the natural concentration of chondroitin sulfate in high cost raw material is low and this situation makes the commercialization become difficult. This study focused on production of chondroitin sulfate isolated from Bohadschia argus using enzyme-assisted extraction methodology. Optimization experiments were conducted based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Box–Behnken design (BBD). Three important extraction parameters, including enzyme concentration (X1: 0.05-0.5 %), Time (X2: 0.25–3 h), and temperature (X3: 55–65 °C) were varied to obtain maximum chondroitin sulfate yields. The RSM optimized model obtained from statistical analysis presented the high correlation coefficiency (R2) at 0.7508, advocating the significance of the model. The optimum extraction conditions were selected as enzyme concentration of 0.48% with extraction time of 1.01 h. at an extraction temperature of 56.53°C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield of chondroitin sulfate was 415.59 mg/100g dry, which is in good agreement with the value predicted by the model.
Difficulties in using correct English prepositions among EFL students

The objectives of this study are to find out the reasons of this problem and find some solutions. The participants were ten students at levels seven and eight, at the Faculty of Sciences and Arts. The researcher used the Descriptive Statistical Method and collected the data via a written test as the main research tool. The data were then analyzed using a Statistical Package of Social Sciences Programme (SPSS). The results were as follows: Saudi students faced problems with using the correct prepositions after certain verbs. Students encountered difficulties in identifying the correct prepositional phrase. Students experienced the same problem with the use of English prepositions in writing tasks and in daily communication. The recommendations of this study are that students need to revise the use of English prepositions in general and need more practice in the use of prepositions after certain verbs. They also need to make a greater effort to use English prepositional phrases in their written work. Regarding writing courses, students need to focus more on the use of prepositions in general. Curriculum designers need more attention about teaching prepositions in their textbooks and curriculums. HIGHLIGHTS: Saudi students faced problems with using the correct prepositions after certain verbs. Students encountered difficulties in identifying the correct prepositional phrase. Students experienced the same problem with the use of English prepositions in writing tasks and in daily communication.
Terahertz Driven Ultrafast Energy Dissipation in Aqueous Ionic Solutions

Solvation of ions changes the physical, chemical and thermodynamic properties of water. The microscopic origin of this process is believed to be the ion-induced perturbation in the structure and dynamics of the hydrogen (H)-bonding network of water. Here, we provide microscopic insight on the local structural deformation of the H-bonding network of water by ions, via investigating the dissipation of external energy in salt solutions by a novel time-resolved terahertz (THz)-Raman spectroscopy. We resonantly drive the low-frequency rotational dynamics of water molecules by intense THz pulses and probe the Raman response of their intermolecular translational motions. We find that the intermolecular rotational-to-translational energy transfer is enhanced by highly-charged cations and it is drastically reduced by highly-charged anions, scaling with the ion surface charge density and concentration. Our molecular dynamics simulations further reveal that the water-water H-bond strength between the first and the second solvation shells of cations (anions) increases (decreases), signifying the opposite effects of cations and anions on the local structure of water. The impact of ion polarity on the ultrafast energy dissipation in water, resembles the effect of ions on stabilization and denaturation of proteins.
Gross Margin, Gross Profit and the Price Elasticity of Demand

Low gross margin can predict failure. High gross margin increases the odds of superior profits. A company’s gross margin is the weighted average gross margin of its products. The easiest way to change a company’s gross margin is to focus on products with a low, zero or negative gross margin. The temptation might be to simply discontinue these products. A better alternative is to consider whether a product can be repriced to improve gross margin and gross profit.Raising price reduces demand based on a product’s price elasticity. Academic articles on price elasticity tend to employ calculus and statistics that are beyond the skill of the individuals who actually make pricing decisions. The contribution of this article it is to provide a clear, simple means of identifying a price point that maximizes product gross profit considering unit cost and the price elasticity of demand.
Tectonic and climatic controls on the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous stratigraphic architecture of the Xuanhua basin, North China

Arguments for recognizing autogenic vs. allogenic signals in the stratigraphic record are still far from settled, as is the decoding of unsteady allogenic responses to climate vs. tectonic forcing. We offer the case of late Mesozoic Xuanhua basin in the western Yanshan fold‐and‐thrust belt of North China to make these points. The study area is an intramontane basin that has allowed detailed structural, sedimentological, and provenance analyses in a kilometre‐thick succession (the Tuchengzi Formation) of alluvial fan, fluvial, lake‐delta and lacustrine deposits. Extensive geological mapping provided confidence of near‐basinwide later correlation of strata, revealing two large‐scale upward‐coarsening (CU) successions each 80–240 m thick, with prominent vertical changes from lacustrine through deltaic and fluvial to alluvial fan deposits. Two intervals of thrust‐related growth strata identified in the Tuchengzi Fm suggest that the CU successions were the signals of tectonic uplift and accommodation change related to Likouquan and the Mapu thrusting. In the lower CU succession, there is a stacking (30+) of small‐scale (3–16 m thick) upward‐fining cyclothems that are argued to have been generated by alternating wet‐dry climate cycles. The wet half‐cycle is argued to have initiated with high sediment and water discharge of flood‐generated mass flows into the lake and ended with accumulation of lacustrine mudstones as lake level rose. The lake deposits include the maximum flooding during the wet half‐cycle. The dry half‐cycle was characterized by continued lacustrine deposits, but increased evidence of subaerial exposure (rooting, paleosols, and mudcracks) argued to result from falling of the lake level under dry conditions.
The Effect of Enzymatic Crosslink Degradation on the Mechanics of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament: A Hybrid Multi-Domain Model

The anterior cruciate ligament’s (ACL) mechanics is an important factor governing the ligament’s integrity and, hence, the knee joint’s response. Despite many investigations in this area, the cause and effect of injuries remain unclear or unknown. This may be due to the complexity of the direct link between macro- and micro-scale damage mechanisms. In the first part of this investigation, a three-dimensional coarse-grained model of collagen fibril (type I) was developed using a bottom-up approach to investigate deformation mechanisms under tensile testing. The output of this molecular level was used later to calibrate the parameters of a hierarchical multi-scale fibril-reinforced hyper-elastoplastic model of the ACL. Our model enabled us to determine the mechanical behavior of the ACL as a function of the basic response of the collagen molecules. Modeled elastic response and damage distribution were in good agreement with the reported measurements and computational investigations. Our results suggest that degradation of crosslink content dictates the loss of the stiffness of the fibrils and, hence, damage to the ACL. Therefore, the proposed computational frame is a promising tool that will allow new insights into the biomechanics of the ACL.
Relationship between Somatic Cell Count and Different Microbial and Chemical Quality Parameters of Bulk Tank Milk

| The objective of this study was to investigate bulk tank somatic cell count and associated risk factors influencing the hygienic quality and chemical composition of raw milk; additionally, to assess the impact of somatic cell count (SCC/ml) on the microbial and chemical profiles of Bulk Tank Milk (BTM). A total of 214 BTM samples were collected from different dairy farms in Alexandria, Menofia and El-Dakahlia Governorates, Egypt. Samples were collected during the period from January 2019 to September 2020. The mean values of SCC/ml, Aerobic Plate Count APC (cfu/ml), Coliform count (MPN/ml), Staphylococcus aureus count and Bacillus cereus count (cfu/ml) were 6.85×10 5 ±0.33×10 5 , 7.09×10 6 ±2.76×10 6 , 2.77×10 4 ±0.63×10 4 , 1.27×10 3 ±0.25×10 3 and 3.32×10 3 ±0.13×10 3 , respectively. Identification of the isolated strains reveals the presence of S. aureus ; coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS); St. uberis, E. coli and B. cereus with incidence of 19.16%, 62.15%, 21.50%, 32.24% and 10.28% of the examined BTM samples, respectively. The correlation between SCC and different bacteriological and chemical parameters was estimated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient ( r ). Most BTM samples tested for milk quality parameters were below the acceptable limits suggested by the legislations; however, food poisoning bacteria ( E. coli, B. cereus and S. aureus ) were isolated. Thus, there is a need to improve milking hygiene, proper herd and udder health management to improve quality and safety of raw milk.
Broadband Absorptive Frequency-Selective Rasorber Based on Multilayer Resistive Sheets Using Multilayer Resonator

In this article, the frequency-selective rasorber (FSR) built on multilayer resistive sheets, which achieves a broad absorption band, was proposed. First, the detailed analysis of the absorption and transmission performance for FSR with the single-layer/multilayer resistive sheets based on the equivalent circuit model (ECM) was demonstrated, which proved that the FSR with the multilayer resistive sheets can obtain a broader absorption band. Second, the multilayer resonator (MR) of a smaller size and higher design freedom compared with single-layer resonator was proposed. Then, the FSR on the basis of multilayer resistive sheets using MR was designed. It consists of the three-layered metallic structures and separated by an air spacer. For the top and middle layers, the lumped-resistor-loaded metallic dipole with the MR inserted into the center was applied to generate a wide absorption band and transparent window, respectively. For the bottom layer, the square-slot frequency-selective surface was optimized to match the transmission band of the resistive sheet. Simulated and measured results show that the broad absorption band and transmission band with low insertion loss have been realized, and the proposed FSR yields the widest relative bandwidth $\vert S_{11}\vert \le -10$ dB of 145.2%.
Prognostic value of surgical intervention in advanced lung adenocarcinoma: a population-based study

Background Surgical intervention is generally not considered as a treatment option in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Accumulating data suggest that surgery may have beneficial effects for these advanced patients. However, no evidence supports the significance of primary tumor resection (PTR) and metastatic tumor resection (MTR) in patients with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods A total of 32,497 patients diagnosed with primary stage IV LUAD were selected through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Possible confounders were eliminated by propensity score matching (PSM). The overall survival (OS) and lung cancer-specific survival (LCSS) were estimated as the primary endpoints. Furthermore, the independent prognostic factors of patients with the surgical intervention were retrospectively analyzed. Results Patients underwent surgical intervention had better OS and LCSS than those who did not (P=0.001 for OS; P<0.001 for LCSS). Meanwhile, patients who underwent surgery combined with lymph node dissection had better survival outcomes (P<0.001 for OS and LCSS) in the K-M analysis. For different metastatic sites, PTR was beneficial to the survival of patients with isolated lung metastases (LUM) and multiple organ metastases (MOM) (LUM: P=0.041; MOM: P=0.003). As for metastatic surgery, no patients were found to benefit from resection of metastatic tumor [bone metastasis (BOM): P=0.696; brain metastasis (BRM): P=0.951; LUM: P=0.402; MOM: P=0.365]. Conclusions Surgical intervention strategies can prolong survival to some extent, depending on different sites of metastasis and highly selected patients.
Selecting the suitable resampling strategy for imbalanced data classification regarding dataset properties

In many application domains such as medicine, information retrieval, cybersecurity, social media, etc., datasets used for inducing classification models often have an unequal distribution of the instances of each class. This situation, known as imbalanced data classification, causes low predictive performance for the minority class examples. Thus, the prediction model is unreliable although the overall model accuracy can be acceptable. Oversampling and undersampling techniques are well-known strategies to deal with this problem by balancing the number of examples of each class. However, their effectiveness depends on several factors mainly related to data intrinsic characteristics, such as imbalance ratio, dataset size and dimensionality, overlapping between classes or borderline examples. In this work, the impact of these factors is analyzed through a comprehensive comparative study involving 40 datasets from different application areas. The objective is to obtain models for automatic selection of the best resampling strategy for any dataset based on its characteristics. These models allow us to check several factors simultaneously considering a wide range of values since they are induced from very varied datasets that cover a broad spectrum of conditions. This differs from most studies that focus on the individual analysis of the characteristics or cover a small range of values. In addition, the study encompasses both basic and advanced resampling strategies that are evaluated by means of eight different performance metrics, including new measures specifically designed for imbalanced data classification. The general nature of the proposal allows the choice of the most appropriate method regardless of the domain, avoiding the search for special purpose techniques that could be valid for the target data.