Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advanced Art Authentication in Oil Paintings Using Precise 3D Morphological Analysis of Craquelure Patterns

The development of scientific technology for art authentication have elicited multidimensional evidence to distinguish forgeries from original artworks. Here, we analyzed three-dimensional morphology of cracks that contain information such as painting features of artworks using an optical coherence tomography (OCT). The forgeries were produced by an expert from the original oil paintings with cracks that occur as paint drying, canvas aging, and physical damage. The parameters such as shape, width, and depth were compared based on cross-sectional images of original and fake cracks. The shapes of original cracks were a rectangular and an inverted triangle, but fake cracks were a relatively simple inverted triangle. The original cracks were as deep as the thickness of the upper layer and mostly have ‘thin/deep' or 'wide/shallow'. The fake cracks were observed as 'thin/shallow' or 'wide/deep'. This study will improve the understanding of the crack characteristics and promote development of techniques for art authenticity.
Quantity and chemical composition of essential oil of peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) leaves under different drying methods

ABSTRACT This work was aimed at quantitative and qualitative analyses of the essential oil of peppermint leaves under different drying methods. Thin layer drying experiments of the leaves were performed in shade, hot air dryer (at temperatures of 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C), and microwave oven (at power levels of 200, 400, and 800 W). Essential oils of the fresh and dried samples were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The highest (22.24 g/kg dry matter) and the lowest (1.33 g/kg dry matter) oil yields were obtained from the hot air-dried leaves at temperature of 50°C and microwave-dried leaves at power of 800 W, respectively. In general, increasing drying temperature decreased the essential oil content. The GC/MS analysis of essential oils showed that the chemical compounds belonged mostly to oxygenated monoterpenes class (72.34–86.41%). The chemical compounds group was significantly (p < 0.01) decreased by microwave drying at power levels of 200 and 400 W. The assessed drying methods caused significant (p < 0.05 and/or p < 0.01) variations in the main constituents of the peppermint leaves essential oil including menthol, menthone, menthofuran, 1,8-cineole, and menthyl acetate. The minimum (35.01%) and maximum (47.50%) concentrations of menthol, as the major compound of the oil, were found in hot air-dried leaves at temperature of 50°C and microwave-dried leaves at power of 400 W, respectively. The percentage of menthone, as the second constituent in the essential oil, was significantly lost (p < 0.01) under microwave drying.
Entrepreneurial Intentions of Business Students: A Matter of Masculinity and Femininity

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the entrepreneurial intention of business students, with an emphasis on their masculine and feminine characteristics, instead of the usual classification male / female. While recent studies have increased the understanding of the implications of being a man or woman (sex differences) on entrepreneurial intention, papers which examine whether masculinity and/or femininity (gender differences) impact entrepreneurial intention are rare. The following paper offers insights into the latter research gap by quantitatively investigating the genderedness of intentions of business students, which is of particular importance for fostering entrepreneurship. The Theory of Planned Behavior is used as underlying framework, with entrepreneurial intention as dependent variable and its three antecedents (‘attitude towards behavior’, ‘subjective norms’, and ‘perceived behavior control’). A survey is administered and filled out by 501 Belgian business students of different universities. Masculinity and femininity are measured by the Bem Sex Role Inventory Model. The results are analyzed by structural equation modeling. Students with high masculinity have significant higher entrepreneurial intentions than students with low masculinity. There is a significant association between masculinity and entrepreneurial intentions through the mediating role of attitude towards behavior and subjective norms. Furthermore femininity has a positive impact on entrepreneurial intentions with subjective norms as mediator. This study contributes to the debate which personality traits influence entrepreneurial intention and further deepens the discussion how educators could approach different types of students in order to stimulate their interest in entrepreneurship. Previously conflicting results about the impact of sex on entrepreneurial intention can perhaps be solved if studies are in the future enriched with socially constructed gender variables.
Experiential metafunction: representing environmental degradation

The constant exploration and exploitation of crude oil in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria had had a negative consequential effect on the entire ecosystem of the region. This has been a source of national and international concern and has attracted the attention of scholars from several disciplines, within and outside the region. Creative writers were not left out and this had given birth to which poetry was one of its most prolific genres. Though regional, the literature in general and poetry, in particular, had attracted myriads of attention from eco-literary criticism while the language of the poems had been understudied. Therefore, this study is a linguistic analysis of Niger Delta environmental poetry. Seven poems were purposefully selected from Tanure Ojaide’s Songs of Myself: Quartet (2015) and Nnimo Bassey’s We Thought It Was Oil but It Was Blood (2002). The Hallidayan Transitivity system of the Experiential meaning of the clause was adopted as a linguistic framework to show how the ecological realities of the region were encoded in the structure of the clause. The study revealed that the nature of the processes and the participants’ roles aptly encoded ecological degradation in the structure of the clause.
A Photosynthetic Animal: A Sacoglossan Sea Slug that Steals Chloroplasts

Summary Sacoglossan sea slugs are able to steal chloroplasts from their algal prey and acquire photosynthetic capacity (termed kleptoplasty). These ʻ stolen ʼ plastids provide sea slugs with a long-term supply of organic carbon and energy. This augmented nutrient supply brings many beneﬁts in terms of survival, body planning, repro ductive traits, and body regeneration. However, the mechanisms of maintenance of chloroplasts and photosynthesis in sea slugs are poorly understood. Here, we introduce this mysterious phenomenon, including recent research ﬁndings, and consider its feasibility for synthetic biology, e.g. , construction of artiﬁcial photosynthetic animal cells. Origin of kleptoplasty in the sea slug: Elysia chlorotica . Hatched mature sea-slug larvae change their prey from plankton to algae Vaucheria litorea and V. compacta . The sea slug sucks out the algal cell contents using its radular teeth; the algal nuclei are digested, but the chloroplasts are incorporated into tubular cells of the diverticula, without being digested. There is no clear evidence for horizontal gene transfer. Sea slugs are unable to complete metamorphosis to develop into a juvenile and an adult in the absence of their algal prey and chloroplast uptake. Photosynthesis from kleptoplasts could contribute to reproductive traits, body plan, and regeneration of the host.
Pulsed vacuum drying of wolfberry: Effects of infrared radiation heating and electronic panel contact heating methods on drying kinetics, color profile, and volatile compounds

ABSTRACT The drying kinetics and quality attributes of wolfberry were investigated under pulsed vacuum drying based on two different heating ways of far-infrared radiation (PVD-FIR) and electronic panel contact (PVD-EPC) heating. They were operated at different drying values of heating panel temperatures (60, 65, and 70°C) with 15 and 2 min as the constant vacuum pressure and atmospheric pressure duration, respectively. Drying time for wolfberry dried by PVD-FIR was lower by 17–19% compared with that by PVD-EPC at the same drying temperature. The effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) determined by Weibull distribution model ranged from 3.72 × 10−10 to 6.59 × 10−10 m2/s and 3.34 × 10−10 to 6.88 × 10−10 m2/s for PVD-FIR and PVD-EPC, respectively. The drying activation energy was 54.30 and 68.59 kJ/mol for the samples dried by PVD-FIR and PVD-EPC, respectively. The color parameters L*, a*, and b* of wolfberry dried by PVD-FIR were higher than those dried by PVD-EPC. The product dried by PVD-FIR contained more vivid luster compared to that dried by PVD-EPC. The contents of aldehydes, esters, phenols, and the heterocyclic compound in PVD-FIR sample were higher than those in PVD-EPC samples. Additionally, the alcohols, ketones, and acid contents in PVD-FIR sample were lower than those in PVD-EPC sample. In summary, PVD-FIR is more suitable for wolfberry drying as it enhances drying rate and product’s quality compared with PVD-EPC.
Factors Contributing to the Performance of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) – a Study in Medak District of Telangana State

A study was conducted on the performance of FPOs and the factors contributing to performance of FPOs in Medak district of Telangana State, India. Three FPOs were selected randomly from 3 different promoting institutes viz., Suraksha Farmers Producer Company Ltd (SFPCL) promoted by independent research organization Centre for Sustainable Agriculture (CSA), Marpalli Kisan Kranthi Producer Company Ltd (MKKPCL) promoted by Vrutti NGO and Siddipet Kisan Agro Farmers Producer Company Ltd (SKAFPCL) promoted by International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics (ICRISAT). The Ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study with a sample of 90 producer members, covering three FPOs in erstwhile Medak district of Telangana State. From the analysis, it was found that overall performance of FPOs in Medak district was average to poor. The factors viz., education, group leadership, group communication, adherence to rules, group participation, and team spirit had showed positive and significant relationship with performance. The results of regression analysis inferred that all the selected twelve factors put together explained the variation to the extent of 72.47% in the performance of the FPO with leadership of officials and participation of members contributing significantly to the performance of FPOs.
Potencial antileishmania, antimalárico e antitrypanossoma de espécies de Casearia: Uma revisão integrativa

O tratamento de doenças parasitárias tem como um de seus maiores desafios a resistência desenvolvida pelos parasitos contra os medicamentos disponíveis. Portanto, a busca por alternativas terapêuticas é urgente. Este estudo realizou uma revisão integrativa da literatura que avaliou o potencial antileishmania, antimalárico e antitrypanossoma de plantas do gênero Casearia. A busca dos artigos científicos foi realizada no Portal de Periódicos da CAPES (PPC), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PUBMED e SCIELO, utilizando-se os seguintes descritores: Casearia e antileishmania; Casearia e antimalárico; e Casearia e antitrypanossoma. Um total de 122 publicações foram coletadas para triagem, destes, 11 foram incluídos na revisão integrativa. Na atividade antileishmania, a Casearia sylvestris se destacou, com extrato hexano da madeira e casca do caule e o extrato etanólico da casca da raiz apresentando atividade contra diferentes espécies de Leishmania (CI50<100 µg/mL), porém com elevada toxicidade (CC50<100 µg/mL). Dentre as substâncias isoladas, o flavonoide Tricina se mostrou ativo contra Leishmania e não citotóxico. Quanto a atividade antimalárica, 11 extratos de 3 espécies, C. elliptica, C. coriaceae e C. sylvestris mostraram-se ativos (CI50<100 µg/mL), no entanto, apresentaram toxicidade. Na atividade antitrypanossoma, as casearinas isoladas das folhas de C. sylvestris, apresentaram grande potencial contra a forma tripomastigota de T. cruzi (CI50<3,0 µg/mL), porém, apresentaram elevada toxicidade. As espécies de Casearia são, portanto, promissoras quanto à sua atividade antiparasitária, mas sua toxicidade é um problema. No entanto, os flavonoides da espécie apresentam bom índice de seletividade e, alterações moleculares e/ou formulações adequadas podem reduzir a toxicidade dos outros componentes.
El comportamiento digital en el sector cooperativista en tiempos de Covid-19 / Digital behavior in the cooperative sector in times of Covid-19

La problemática de este estudio es el escaso análisis del comportamiento del cliente o socio digital cooperativista desde el enfoque financiero, sus necesidades, deseos y requerimientos. El objetivo principal es definir el comportamiento del cliente digital durante la pandemia en el sector cooperativista Tungurahua-Ecuador. En la metodología, al ser un estudio descriptivo exploratorio utiliza métodos como el histórico-lógico y el deductivo para la sustentación del estado del arte. Las muestras de esta investigación son: las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito que corresponden al segmento 2 y 228 socios potenciales de la ciudad de Ambato- Tungurahua a quienes se aplicó el instrumento de recolección de datos y se utiliza herramientas estadísticas para llegar a las conclusiones finales. En los resultados constan cuatro apartados que permiten caracterizar el comportamiento del socio cooperativista digital. Y como conclusiones, se evidencian que las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito requieren establecer las necesidades y aspectos de consumo para enfocar las estrategias y acciones empresariales, lo cual apoya en su fidelización.
Usage of IoT Framework in Water Supply Management for Smart City in Nepal

An efficient water supply management system can be one of the applications of the Internet of Things (IoT). Water is a basic physiological need, and smart management of water plays a significant role in a smart city. This paper focuses on a mathematical model and IoT framework that aid in developing a smart city. A framework is developed for water supply management. The efficiency of the water supply can be measured by monitoring leakage conditions, overflow of water, automatic meter reading and online bill payments, and water consumption status of households, community, state, and eventually the whole country as well as the automatic water supply line cut-off. The system where the IoT is being deployed consists of embedded hardware in which sensors and microcontrollers provide messages and gain feedback from each other with the help of the internet, and this process can not only be monitored but also can be controlled from a remote location. The developed framework addresses all these aspects and mathematical equations are used and formulated while developing the IoT application. The mathematical equations are concentrated on consumption level (CL), leakage reporting (LR), and bill amount (BA) based on consumption. These become the point of contact for deploying IoT and eventually a framework is developed. This framework can be useful not only in water supply management but also in the management of road traffic, pollution, garbage, home automation and so on. In a nutshell, this paper illustrates the usage of the IoT framework in water supply management which contributes to developing the smart city.
A Critical Examination of the Relationship between Wildfires and Climate Change with Consideration of the Human Impact

The relationship between climate change and wildfires was examined to summarize factors associated with vulnerability to wildfires. The complex and cyclic nature of interaction effects between the two was highlighted and the following conclusions were drawn. Climate change is leading to more frequent wildfires with higher intensity, resulting in release of more gasses and particulate matter that further exacerbates the progression of climate change. Direct and indirect impacts are detailed in the main body. A new fire management policy is deemed necessary, with a more local approach being recommended. Human impacts were found to further complicate the already complex relationship. It is recommended to treat accidental and incendiary fires separately for the purpose of evaluating fire management regimes. This requires successful advances in current fire investigation techniques.
Features of renal macrophage infiltration in patients with myocardial infarction

Purpose. To characterise phenotypic heterogeneity of renal macrophage infiltration and its relationships with clinical and medical history data in patients who died at different times after myocardial infarction (MI). Material and Methods. We analyzed the material (kidney sections) collected from patients (n = 30) who died from type 1 MI. Renal macrophage infiltration was assessed by the immunohistochemistry method using antibodies to CD68, CD80, CD163, CD206, and stabilin-1.Results. The study included patients with MI aged 74.8 ± 9.8 years. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was diagnosed in 87% of patients; the creatinine level was 115.1 ± 79 μmol/L at admission to hospital. The study showed a significant heterogeneity of macrophage phenotypes in renal tissue: the counts of CD163+, CD68+, CD206+, CD80+, and stabilin-1+ cells were 55 (27; 55), 30 (27; 56), 4 (2; 6), 3 (2; 5), and 2 (1; 3) per field of view, respectively. The CD163+ and CD68+ macrophages were predominant cell types in patients who died within three days after MI onset (p < 0.05). In case of fatal outcome that occurred after three days of MI, the count of CD163+ cells was the highest and exceeded the number of СD68+ cells, which, nevertheless, prevailed over other cell phenotypes (p < 0.05). Starting from day 4 of MI, the counts of CD206+ cells decreased from 6 (5; 8) to 2 (1; 2) similarly to a decrease in CD80+ count from 5 (3; 5) to 2 (1; 2) (p < 0.05). The rate of adverse cardiovascular complications and the severity of coronary lesions were associated with CD80+ and CD206+ cell counts; the development of left ventricular aneurysm was associated with the numbers of stabilin-1+ and CD163+ cells.Conclusion. Renal macrophage infiltration was characterized by a pronounced cellular heterogeneity that depended on the timing of death after MI. The CD163+ and CD68+ cells predominated at the early stages of MI; the CD163+ cells were predominant at the later stages. The CD80+ and CD206+ cell counts changed quantitatively, decreasing from day 4 of MI. The presence of multiple correlation relationships between the cells of macrophage lineage in the kidneys and the development of adverse cardiovascular complications in patients with MI provides rationale for further studies.
The Emergence of Covid-19 and Capital Market Reaction: An Emerging Market
Scenario Analysis

This paper investigates the capital market reaction to the first detection of the COVID-19 in Bangladesh. Using a sample of 314 listed firms in Dhaka stock Exchange (DSE), this study employed the event study methodology (ESM) to find any abnormal return (AR) associated to the first COVID-19 detection announcement. Three different return models namely mean-adjusted return, market-adjusted return and market model have been used to calculate the abnormal return and test the statistical significance using both parametric crude dependence and standardised cross-sectional T test along with non-parametric generalised sign-test and Corrado rank-test. The findings suggest that, despite the perceived weak market efficiency, the announcement of the first COVID-19 detection has a significant negative impact on overall market return on the event day. Additionally, the result exhibits the indifferent market reaction of different industry segments such as manufacturing, service, financial, non-financial, pharmaceuticals and IT and telecommunication sectors. The results would be useful for investors, industrial and financial analysts in accessing volatile systemic risk and building an optimal portfolio to solve the pandemic dilemma effectively.
Regulation of pulmonary arterial blood pressure.

SINCE Hering's discovery, 1 about twenty years ago, that increased pressure in the carotid sinus reflexly produces bradycardia and arteral hypotension, a great deal of work has been done in the regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure. It has been proved, especially by the work of Heymans and his associates, 1a that the sinus and aortic regions are of paramount importance in this connection; on the one hand, increased arterial pressure stimulates pressosensitive endings of the sinus and aortic nerves and provokes inhibition of the cardiac and vasomotor centers, and, on the other hand, the lowering of the oxygen and the rise of the carbon dioxide tension in the arterial blood stimulate chemoreceptors and from them, by way of a reflex, also the centers mentioned. Having been for some time engaged in studies on these questions it appeared to my colleague, Professor von Euler, and me 2 that it
Mapping Aspergillus niger Metabolite Biomarkers for In Situ and Early Evaluation of Table Grapes Contamination

The Aspergillus niger exometabolome was recently investigated using advanced gas chromatography in tandem with multivariate analysis, which allowed a metabolite biomarker pattern to be proposed. Microbial metabolomics patterns have gained enormous relevance, mainly due to the amount of information made available, which may be useful in countless processes. One of the great challenges in microbial metabolomics is related to applications in more complex systems of metabolomics information obtained from studies carried out in culture media, as complications may occur due to the dynamic nature of biological systems. Thus, the main objective of this research was to evaluate the applicability of the A. niger metabololite biomarkers pattern for in situ and early evaluation of table grapes contamination, used as study model. A. niger is a ubiquitous fungus responsible for food contamination, being reported as one of the main agents of the black mold disease, a serious post-harvest pathology of table grapes. This work included analysis from 1 day of growth time of pure A. niger cultures, A. niger cultures obtained from previously contaminated grapes, and finally, an in situ solid-phase microextraction (SPME) approach directly on previously contaminated table grapes. Supervised multivariate analysis was performed which revealed that after 1 day of inoculation it was possible to detect A. niger biomarkers, which can be extremely useful in making this type of method possible for the rapid detection of food contamination. The results obtained confirm the potential applicability of the pattern of A. niger biomarkers for early detection of the fungi (after 1 day of contamination), and may be further explored for access food susceptibility to fungi contamination, based on direct analysis of the food item.