Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ACANTHOCEPHALA AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH HELMINTHES AND ROTIFERS: A REVIEW

Many parasitic forms of helminthes inhabit the different animal hosts. Most of them are placed in classes Platyhelminthes, Cestodes and Nematodes. There are some other parasitic forms which show resemblances with helminthes but are placed in different phylum. One of the groups of parasitic worms belongs to phylum Acanthocephala. These are thorny-headed or spiny-headed worms, characterized by the presence of an eversible proboscis armed with spines. Phylum Acanthocephala includes large number of parasitic worms inhabiting the intestine of different vertebrates ranging from fish to mammals. They live as adults in the intestine of vertebrates and as larvae in arthropods. The most typical forms are Acanthocephalus, Neoechinorhynchus and Gigantorhynchus. Earlier the Acanthocephala were thought to be a discrete phylum but recent genome analysis has shown that they are descended from rotifers. This unified taxon is known as Syndermata. As Acanthocephalans share characters with Helminths and with Rotifers, so they are potential model system from the point of evolution of parasitism. In this paper the general characters and life cycle and evolution of Acanthocephalan were studied and its relationship with Cestodes, Nematodes and Rotifers were reviewed.
Distributed Learning and Inference for Gaussian Mixtures

Distributed setups consist of a team of agents linked by a sparse communication network: the network does not link each agent to all others; it only links each agent to a reduced number of nearby agents. After each agent measures local data, they wish to collaborate over the communication network to learn from the collective dataset. What enables such learning is a distributed algorithm—an algorithm that lays down the speciﬁc messages that each agent sends through its channels. Distributed setups can model applications such as distributed cooperative target localization by a team of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) communicating via wireless channels, having access to local measurements. We design distributed algorithms that address two questions in distributed setups: (1) How to ﬁt a mixture of K Gaussians to a measured dataset? And (2) how to classify a measured data point into one of K given Gaussians? For (1), we design three distributed approximate, yet scalable, expectation-maximization (EM) algorithms. Our algorithms enable the agents to ﬁt a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to a dataset that is scattered across the network by features. As the literature considers datasets scattered instead by data points, our algorithms expand the state-of-art in a direction more useful in practice. For (2), we design a distributed detector that performs close to the optimum centralized detector and, more importantly, is scalable. As the literature considers Gaussians with particular structures (such as diagonal covariances), we expand on the state-of-art by allowing arbitrary structures.
Squibs: Arc-Eager Parsing with the Tree Constraint

The arc-eager system for transition-based dependency parsing is widely used in natural language processing despite the fact that it does not guarantee that the output is a well-formed dependency tree. We propose a simple modification to the original system that enforces the tree constraint without requiring any modification to the parser training procedure. Experiments on multiple languages show that the method on average achieves 72% of the error reduction possible and consistently outperforms the standard heuristic in current use.
Chemical analysis of potable water samples from selected suburbs of Accra, Ghana

A study was carried out to assess the suitability of potable water used for domestic activities in twelve selected suburbs in Accra. Several water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity and redox potential (eh) were measured. The results of the physical parameters revealed the following: temperature range of 25.2C 26.2C, pH range of 6.64-7.80, conductivity range of 187-725 μS/cm, total dissolved solids, 90-352 mg/L, total suspended solids 0-4 mg/L, bicarbonate, 68.27121. 91 mg/L, chloride, 11.996-343.89 mg/L, Phosphate, BDL-0.128 mg/L and sulphate, 0.08-0.40 mg/L. Copper and Manganese recorded concentrations below the WHO limits of 2mg/L and 0.01mg/L respectively. Iron however recorded concentrations higher than WHO limits of 0.1mg/L. However, Cd, Pb, Cr and Co were below their respective detection limits.
Classification of Historic Ornaments with CNN

This paper is a critical assessment of an exploration of computer vision and deep learning methods in an architectural heritage context. Convolutional neural network, a type of deep learning is implemented to classify a group of Anatolian Seljuk ornamental patterns. The field of computer vision offers the potentials to assist studies in the field of architectural heritage. However, there are limited studies that combine knowledge across the two fields. One frequently studied topic is image classification based on features. In this study, we took on the task of classifying Anatolian Seljuk ornamental patterns to investigate the potential. The project focused on carved ornamental patterns on flat surfaces due to ease of data collection. The group of images is collected and arranged as two different yet related datasets. The classes are floral and geometrical, and subclasses are sparse and dense for both. Two different CNN architectures are used to train models for predictions. The process and effect of dataset creation on the implementation are explained. Results are discussed from both the technical and architectural points of view, providing a basis for further interdisciplinary studies.
Microscopic-Phenomenological Model of Glass Transition and Temperature Dependence of Viscosity—Part I: Foundations of the Model

The glass transition is described as a time- and history-independent singular event, which takes place in an interval dependent on the distribution width of molecular vibration amplitudes. The intrinsic glass transition is not seen as a relaxation phenomenon, but is characterized by a fixed volumetric state at the glass temperature Tg0. The relaxation behavior of the transport properties depends on the distance to Tg0. Free volume is redefined and its generation is the result of the fluctuating transfer of thermal energy into condensed matter and the resulting combined interactions between the vibration elements. This creates vacancies between the elements which are larger than the cross-section of an adjacent element or parts thereof. Possible shifts of molecules or molecular parts through such apertures depend on the size and axis orientation and do not require further energetic activation. After a displacement, additional volume is created by delays in occupying abandoned positions and restoring the energetic equilibrium. The different possibilities of axis orientation in space result in the different diffusive behavior of simple molecules and chain molecules, silicate network formers, and associated liquids. Glass transformation takes place at a critical volume Vg0 when the cross-section of apertures becomes smaller than the cross-section of the smallest molecular parts. The glass transition temperature Tg0 is assigned to Vg0 and is therefore independent of molecular relaxation processes. Tg0 is well above the Kauzmann and Vogel temperatures, usually just a few degrees below the conventionally measured glass temperature Tg(qT). The specific volume at the two temperatures mentioned above cannot be achieved by a glass with an unordered structure but only with aligned molecular axes, i.e. in a crystalline state. Simple liquids consisting of non-spherical molecules additionally alter their behavior above Vg0 at Vgl where the biggest gaps are as small as the largest molecular diameter. Tgl is located in the region of the crystalline melting point Tm. Both regions, above and below Tm, belong to different physical states and have to be treated separately. In the region close to Vg0 respectively Tg0, the distribution of vibration amplitudes has to be taken into account. The limiting volume Vg0 and the formation of apertures larger than the cross-section of the vibrating elements or parts thereof, in conjunction with the distribution width of molecular vibrations as Vg0 is approached, and the spatial orientation of the molecular axes is key to understanding the glass transition.
Continuous Spatial and Temporal Representations in Machine Vision

This thesis explores continuous spatial and temporal representations in machine vision. For spatial representations, we explore the Spatial Semantic Pointer as a biologically plausible representation of continuous space its use in performing spatial memory and reasoning tasks. We show that SSPs can be used to encode visual images into high dimensional memory vectors. These vectors can be used to store, retrieve, and manipulate spatial information, as well as perform search and scanning tasks within the vector algebra space. We also demonstrate the psychological plausibility of these representations by qualitatively reproducing Kosslyn’s famous map scanning experiment. For temporal representations, we extend the original 1D Legendre Memory Unit to take multi-dimensional input signals and compare its ability to store temporal information against the Long Short-Term Memory Unit on the task of video action recognition. We show that the multi-dimensional LMU is able to match the LSTM in representing visual data over time. In particular, we demonstrate that the LMU is able to achieve much better performance when the total number of parameters is limited and that the LMU architecture allows it to continue operating at with fewer parameters than the LSTM.
Bioactive properties of commercial Reishi mushroom products in powder form

Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mantari), Asya ulkelerinde saglik etkileri ve uzun omurlulugu saglamak icin yaygin olarak bilinen bir kullanim gecmisine sahiptir. Ayrica, canli organizmayi serbest radikallerin etkisinden korumak icin antioksidatif koruma sistemine de sahiptir. Bu calismada toz formunda G. lucidum'un dogal fonksiyonel ajanlar olarak biyoaktif ozellikleri incelenmis ve G. lucidum mantarlarinin ticari olarak satilan 5 farkli tozunun cesitli gida patojeni bakterilere ve kuflere karsi antimikrobiyal etkileri arastirilmistir. Bu amacla G. lucidum numunelerinin toplam fenolik icerigi, antioksidan kapasitesi de belirlenmistir. 5 farkli G. lucidum mantarinin antimikrobiyal etkileri, gida ile ilgili cesitli patojenik bakterilere (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis ATCC 13076, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2592, Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802) kuflere (Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 ve Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 465) karsi arastirilmis ve sonuclar inhibisyon zon capi (mm) olarak ifade edilmistir. Farkli G. lucidum orneklerinin toplam fenolik icerigi degerlerinin 2.35 ila 10.46 mg GAE g-1 arasinda degistigi bulunmustur. G. lucidum numunelerinin DPPH radikallerine karsi antioksidan aktivitesi arastirildiginda; 2, 4 ve 5 numarali ornekler arasinda onemli bir fark gozlemlenmemistir. Bu numunelerin ABTS+ sonuclari icin de ayni egilim oldugu tespit edilmistir. En yuksek toplam fenolik icerik ve antioksidatif aktivite G. lucidum’un 1 numarali orneginde belirlenmistir. Farkli G. lucidum orneklerinin ekstraktlari, E. coli ATCC 25922'ye karsi istatistiksel olarak anlamli antibakteriyal aktivite gosterirken (p 0.05). Elde edilen sonuclara gore, G. lucidum'un gidalarin biyoaktif ozelliklerini gelistirmek icin fonksiyonel bir gida bileseni olarak kullanilabilecegini gorulmektedir.
Reproductive Success in Black Pepper before and after Emergence ofInflorescence

1 J Plant Biochem Physiol, Vol. 9 Iss. 4 No: 258 inflorescence. It arises at the node opposite the leaf on a lateral plagiotropic branch [5]. The lateral branch has sympodial mode of growth, the apical bud develops into the inflorescence and the growth continued by the activity of the axillary bud [6]. In the early development, pepper inflorescence is covered by a leaflike structure called the prophyll [5]. Emergence of inflorescence from prohyll in black pepper could be regarded as equivalent to the term ‘heading’ in cereal crops. Pepper plants raised from seeds have a long period of more than three years of vegetative phase and emergence of inflorescence from the prophyll. For plants derived from cuttings emergence of inflorescence is about 1 month after planting in Hainan [7]. Once flowered, pepper plants maintain perpetual flowering habit throughout their lifetimes. This means after the pepper plants there is no distinct period of vegetative growth and reproductive growth. Thus the reproductive growth can compete with vegetative growth for nutrients. The common practice of Reproductive Success in Black Pepper before and after Emergence of Inflorescence Jianfeng Yang*, Chao Zu, Can Wang, Zhigang Li, Huan Yu, Kemo Jin Department of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
OKULLARDA ÖRGÜTSEL ADALET ALGISININ YORDAYICISI OLARAK ETİK LİDERLİK ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AS A PREDICTOR OF PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE IN SCHOOLS

ÖZ: Araştırma etik liderlik ile örgütsel adalet algıları arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Nicel araştırma paradigması temelinde desenlenen çalışmada ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır Araştırmanın örneklemini Eskişehir ili Odunpazarı ilçesinde 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim yılında görev yapan 366 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veriler araştırma kapsamında geliştirilen kişisel bilgi formu, Yılmaz (2005) tarafından gerçekleştirilen Etik Liderlik Ölçeği, Hoy ve Tarter (2004) tarafından geliştirilen ve Türkçeye Taştan ve Yılmaz (2008) tarafından uyarlanan Örgütsel Adalet ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analiz sürecinde betimleyici istatistikler ile regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde dilen sonuçlar okullarda etik liderliğin boyutlarından karar vermede etik ve iletişimsel etik boyutlarının yüksek, iklimsel etik ve davranışsal etik boyutlarının ise orta düzeyde algılandığını, örgütsel adaletin de yine orta düzeyde algılandığını ortaya koymuştur. Etik liderliğin boyutları ile örgütsel adalet pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler bulunsa da, yalnızca karar vermede etik ve davranışsal etik boyutlarının örgütsel adalete ilişkin yordayıcılar olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına dayanarak okul yöneticilerinin etik liderlik davranışlarını güçlendirilmesi, okul yönetiminde tarafsız ve adil olması önerilmektedir.
Asphaltene Deposition during CO2 Flooding in Ultralow Permeability Reservoirs: A Case Study from Changqing Oil Field

Asphaltene deposition is a common phenomenon during CO2 flooding in ultralow permeability reservoirs. The deposited asphaltene occupies the pore volume and decreases permeability, resulting in serious formation damage and pore well productivity. It is urgent to investigate the asphaltene deposition mechanisms, adverse effects, and preventive measures. However, few asphaltene deposition investigations have been systematically conducted by now. In this research, the asphaltene precipitation mechanisms and adverse effects were comprehensively investigated by using experimental and numerical methods. To study the effects of pressure, asphaltene content, and temperature on asphaltene precipitation qualitatively and quantitatively, the microscope visible detection experiment and the PVT cell static experiment were firstly conducted. The adverse effects on porosity and permeability resulted from asphaltene deposition were also studied by the core flooding experiment. Secondly, simulation models of asphaltene precipitation and deposition were developed and validated by experimental data. Finally, a case study from Changqing oil field was presented to analyze the asphaltene deposition characteristic and preventive measures. The experimental results showed that the asphaltene precipitation increases with the increased pressure before reaching the minimum miscible pressure (MMP) and gets the peak value around the MMP, while decreases slowly. The asphaltene precipitation increases with the increased temperature and asphaltene content. The variation trend of adverse effects on porosity and permeability resulted from asphaltene deposition is similar to that of asphaltene precipitation under the influence of pressure, asphaltene content, and temperature. The case study shows that the water-altering-gas (WAG) with high injection rate suffers more serious asphaltene deposition compared with the WAG with low injection rate, for the asphaltene precipitation increases as the increased pressure before reaching the MMP. The CO2 continuous injection with high injection rate is the worst choice, for low sweep efficiency and the most severe formation damage. Thus, the WAG with optimal injection rate was proposed to maintain well productivity and to reduce formation damage resulted from asphaltene deposition during developing ultralow permeability reservoirs.
Characterization of RarA, a Novel AraC Family Multidrug Resistance Regulator in <named-content content-type='genus-species' xlink:type='simple'>Klebsiella pneumoniae</named-content>

Mark Veleba, Paul G. Higgins, Gerardo Gonzalez, Harald Seifert, and Thamarai Schneiders Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, United Kingdom; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; and Laboratorio de Investigación en Agentes Antibacterianos, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
FEASIBILITY OF SUPERABSORBENT POLYMER RECYCLING IN DISPOSABLE ABSORBENT HYGIENE PRODUCTS

The objective of this work is to evaluate the life cycle impacts of recovering superabsorbent polymers from absorbent hygiene products (AHPs). AHPs, which include baby diapers, feminine hygiene products, and adult incontinence pads, have a considerable environmental impact. While convenient, these single-use products, which typically contain combinations of polypropylene, polyethylene, elastics, cellulose, and superabsorbent polymers (SAPs), are disposed by the billions worldwide. Current practice of AHP disposal results in the loss of valuable materials like SAPs, generation of large volumes of municipal solid waste, and increased manufacturing burdens. Though manufacturers have taken significant strides to reduce the environmental impact of AHPs through product design, developing a potential circular economy of AHPs will be crucial to reducing total life cycle impacts. This is more important than ever, since the disposable diaper industry is reporting exponential growth and its global production is expected to exceed US $71 billion/year by 2022. While recognition of AHP impacts is increasing, it is important to consider that the most significant life cycle impacts of AHPs stem from resource extraction, production, and manufacturing, not disposal itself. The SAPs in these products are a particular focus as they contribute substantially to these upstream life cycle impacts. SAPs can make up as much as one third of the total mass of AHPs and are responsible for the highest proportion of greenhouse gas emissions of AHP materials. We aim to shed light on how we might lessen upstream impacts by focusing on the potential for SAP recovery and re-use. We evaluate three end-of-life options for baby diapers in Europe using a life cycle approach in order to explore alternative options to conventional disposal of AHPs. This research analyzes the environmental trade-offs associated with AHP waste under the following three scenarios: 1) baby diaper disposal via landfill or incineration in a standardized European context; 2) diaper recycling without SAP recovery; and 3) diaper recycling with SAP recovery. Environmental impacts of these scenarios were modeled in the LCA software SimaPro using the ReCipe 2016 impact assessment framework. Results show that SAP recovery has potential to decrease life cycle emissions by 54% compared to standard landfilling and incineration and by 35% when compared to the recycling technologies assessed in the study. SAP recovery and reuse also results in large potential offsets of energy and water burdens involved in SAP manufacturing. By assessing these environmental impacts, we aim to clarify the point at which SAP recovery demonstrates potential for circular economy.
The Cost of Subway Delays: A Counterfactual Welfare Analysis of Bostonâ•Žs T

Boston’s subway system, the T, is an important artery for transportation in and around the city. However, it is the oldest subway system in the United States, and, as a result, is in dire need of upgrades. This paper employs a welfare analysis to calculate the economic cost of the T’s lack of reliability, while also comparing the T’s reliability rate to other transit systems around the world. With a counterfactual estimate of a 95 percent reliability rate versus the pre-pandemic 88.47 percent reliability rate, the difference in welfare is found to be between $54 million and $163 million annually. Thus, long overdue improvements to the T would have a significant impact on the overall welfare of the Boston metropolitan area, and serve as a great economic benefit to all stakeholders.
Investigating the Causes of Entrepreneurs Failure to Start-up Greenhouse Business in Isfahan Province, Iran

1 Masoud RAMEZANI, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail: m.ramezani@khuisf.ac. ir OrcID: 0000-0002-1941-3759 2 Corresponding Author: Abdolhamid PAPZAN, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. E-mail: Abdolhamid.Papzan@gmail.com OrcID: 0000-0002-7159-899X Atıf/Citation: Ramezanı, M. , Papzan A. Investigating the Causes of Entrepreneurs Failure to Start-up Greenhouse Business in Isfahan Province, Iran. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 18 (2), 187-196.
Mixed Procedurally Generated Creatures

Animations are a core component of video games. Animations typically require dedicated animators and are relatively inflexible, making it extremely difficult to animate a character without enforcing strict restrictions on the virtual world where it is placed. We propose a framework to explore the procedural generation of animations in arbitrary tridimensional virtual worlds, using neu-roevolution to create and evolve neural networks that output forces at a creature’s skeleton joints in order to produce motion and movement that are credible and physically coherent with the virtual world topology and the creature’s state. Evaluation was done by selecting tasks for which our framework was able to generate animations that are different between each other but achieve the same result, supporting that neuroevolution can offer different solutions to animation problems