Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Achieving Calm: A Study on the Health Care Experiences of People With Lived Experience of Homelessness in Central Texas

The experiences of care of people with lived experience of homelessness are rarely embraced to change care delivery. We conducted qualitative group and one-on-one interviews utilizing experience group methodology with 27 people with lived experience of homelessness currently housed in one permanent housing community in central Texas. We analyzed data using an inductive thematic approach to identify shared obstacles and barriers to receiving health care. We then analyzed findings with the capability, comfort, and calm value framework to identify health outcomes that matter most to study participants. Poor access to care, discontinuities in care, distrust in providers, and confusing terminology were identified as the biggest barriers to health. The overwhelming majority of experiences reflected poor health outcomes of calm, the outcome of a health care experience that adds ease to one’s life rather than logistical and administrative chaos. We propose three practical approaches to achieve calm for this population as follows: systems-level embracement of compassionate care, integration of relationship-based care navigation into all levels of care, and building efficient transportation into care design. We conclude that designing health care that works in the lives of people with lived experience of homelessness is critical to address the gaps in care that fuel the health disparity these individuals face compared to people without this lived experience.
Reconstructing Partitions from their Multisets of $k$-Minors

For non-negative integers $n$ and $k$ with $n \ge k$, a {\em $k$-minor} of a partition $\lambda = [\lambda_1, \lambda_2, \dots]$ of $n$ is a partition $\mu = [\mu_1, \mu_2, \dots]$ of $n-k$ such that $\mu_i \le \lambda_i$ for all $i$. The multiset $\widehat{M}_k(\lambda)$ of $k$-minors of $\lambda$ is defined as the multiset of $k$-minors $\mu$ with multiplicity of $\mu$ equal to the number of standard Young tableaux of skew shape $\lambda / \mu$. We show that there exists a function $G(n)$ such that the partitions of $n$ can be reconstructed from their multisets of $k$-minors if and only if $k \le G(n)$. Furthermore, we prove that $\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} G(n)/n = 1$ with $n-G(n) = O(n/\log n)$. As a direct consequence of this result, the irreducible representations of the symmetric group $S_n$ can be reconstructed from their restrictions to $S_{n-k}$ if and only if $k \le G(n)$ for the same function $G(n)$. For a minor $\mu$ of the partition $\lambda$, we study the excitation factor $E_\mu (\lambda)$, which appears as a crucial part in Naruse's Skew-Shape Hook Length Formula. We observe that certain excitation factors of $\lambda$ can be expressed as a $\mathbb{Q}[k]$-linear combination of the elementary symmetric polynomials of the hook lengths in the first row of $\lambda$ where $k = \lambda_1$ is the number of cells in the first row of $\lambda$.
Prevalence of Antibiotic Prescription in Patients with Acute Rhinosinusitis Treated by General Practitioners and Otolaryngologists in Germany—A Retrospective Cohort Study

(1) Background: The goal of this retrospective cohort study, based on real-world data and conducted in Germany, was to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic (AB) prescription in patients with acute rhinosinusitis (ARS). (2) Methods: Data from the Disease Analyzer database were used for this cross-sectional study. Patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with acute sinusitis by general practitioners (GPs) and ear, nose, throat (ENT) specialists between January 2012 and December 2020 were included. The main outcome of the study was the proportion of patients with ARS who received an AB prescription on the day of diagnosis or within three days afterwards. The proportion was estimated separately for patients treated by GPs and ENTs, and also for five age groups, as well as women and men. (3) Results: In total, 308,095 patients were diagnosed with ARS (187,838 by GPs and 120,257 by ENTs). 50.9% of patients treated by GPs and 50.0% treated by ENTs received an AB prescription. AB prevalence increased with age from 46.9% in the age group 18–30 years to 55.5% in the age group > 60 years. (4) Conclusions: We have shown a high prevalence of potentially inappropriate AB prescription for adult patients with ARS in both GP and ENT practices and also among both women and men and in several age groups. There is an urgent need for interventions to reduce inappropriate AB use.
Three-State Opinion Model on Complex Topologies

We investigate opinion diffusion on complex networks and the interplay between the existence of neutral opinion states and non-trivial network structures. For this purpose, we apply a three-state opinion model based on magnetic-like interactions to modular complex networks, both synthetic and real networks extracted from Twitter. The model allows for tuning the contribution of neutral agents using a neutrality parameter. We also consider social agitation, encoded as a temperature, that accounts for random opinion changes that are beyond the agent neighborhood opinion state. Using this model, we study which topological features influence the formation of consensus, bipartidism, or fragmentation of opinions in three parties, and how the neutrality parameter and the temperature interplay with the network structure.
Escape and trapping of low-frequency gravitationally lensed rays by compact objects within plasma

We consider the gravitational lensing of rays emitted by a compact object (CO) within a distribution of plasma with power-law density $\propto r^{-h}$. For the simplest case of a cloud of spherically symmetric cold non-magnetized plasma, the diverging effect of the plasma and the converging effect of gravitational lensing compete with one another. When $h<2$, the plasma effect dominates over the vacuum Schwarzschild curvature, potentially shifting the radius of the unstable circular photon orbit outside the surface of the CO. When this occurs, we define two relatively narrow radio-frequency bands in which plasma effects are particularly significant. Rays in the escape window have $\omega_{0} < \omega \leq \omega_{+}$ and are free to propagate to infinity from the CO surface. To a distant observer, the visible portion of the CO surface appears to shrink as the observed frequency is reduced, and vanishes entirely at $\omega_{0}$, in excess of the plasma frequency at the CO surface. We define the anomalous propagation window for frequencies $\omega_{-}< \omega \leq \omega_{0}$. Rays emitted from the CO surface within this frequency range are dominated by optical effects from the plasma and curve back to the surface of the CO, effectively cloaking the star from distant observers. We conclude with a study of neutron star (NS) compactness ratios for a variety of nuclear matter equations of state (EoS). For $h=1$, NSs generated from stiff EoS should display significant frequency dependence in the EW, and lower values of $h$ with softer EoS can also show these effects.
Enabling In Vivo Optical Imaging of an Osmium Photosensitizer by Micellar Formulation

Osmium (Os)-based photosensitizers (PSs) exhibit unique broad, red-shifted absorption, favoring PDT activity at greater tissue depths. We recently reported on a potent Os(II) PS, rac-[Os(phen)2(IP-4T)](Cl)2 (ML18J03) with submicromolar hypoxia activity. ML18J03 exhibits a low luminescence quantum yield of 9.8 × 10−5 in PBS, which limits its capacity for in vivo luminescence imaging. We recently showed that formulating ML18J03 into 10.2 nm DSPE-mPEG2000 micelles (Mic-ML18J03) increases its luminescence quantum yield by two orders of magnitude. Here, we demonstrate that Mic-ML18J03 exhibits 47-fold improved accumulative luminescence signals in orthotopic AT-84 head and neck tumors. We show, for the first time, that micellar formulation provides up to 11.7-fold tumor selectivity for ML18J03. Furthermore, Mic-ML18J03 does not experience the concentration-dependent quenching observed with unformulated ML18J03 in PBS, and formulation reduces spectral shifting of the emission maxima during PDT (variance = 6.5 and 27.3, respectively). The Mic-ML18J03 formulation also increases the production of reactive molecular species 2–3-fold. These findings demonstrate that micellar formulation is a versatile and effective approach to enable in vivo luminescence imaging options for an otherwise quenched, yet promising, PS.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Tubule-on-a-Chip with RPTEC/HUVEC Co-Culture Using Injection-Molded Polycarbonate Chips

To simulate the ADME process such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the human body after drug administration and to confirm the applicability of the mass production process, a microfluidic chip injection molded with polycarbonate (injection-molded chip (I-M chip)) was fabricated. Polycarbonate materials were selected to minimize drug absorption. As a first step to evaluate the I-M chip, RPTEC (Human Renal Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells) and HUVEC (Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells) were co-cultured, and live and dead staining, TEER (trans-epithelial electrical resistance), glucose reabsorption, and permeability were compared using different membrane pore sizes of 0.4 μm and 3 μm. Drug excretion was confirmed through a pharmacokinetic test with metformin and cimetidine, and the gene expression of drug transporters was confirmed. As a result, it was confirmed that the cell viability was higher in the 3 μm pore size than in the 0.4 μm, the cell culture performed better, and the drug secretion was enhanced when the pore size was large. The injection-molded polycarbonate microfluidic chip is anticipated to be commercially viable for drug screening devices, particularly ADME tests.
ASSESSING PULSAR TIMING ARRAY SENSITIVITY TO GRAVITATIONAL WAVE BURSTS WITH MEMORY

Highly energetic astrophysical phenomena like supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) mergers are predicted to emit prodigious amounts of gravitational waves (GWs). An anticipated component of the gravitational waveform known as “memory” is permanent and nonoscillatory. For SMBHB mergers, the memory is created primarily during the most violent moments of the inspiral immediately preceding the final plunge and ring-down when the strongest gravitational fields are at work and the nonlinearities of general relativity are most pronounced. The essentially time-domain nature of memory makes it forbiddingly difficult to detect with ground based GW detectors, leaving pulsar timing array (PTA) experiments as the most promising means by which it may be detected and studied. In this paper, we discuss how GW bursts with memory (BWMs) influence pulsar timing experiments and develop methods to assess how sensitive modern timing efforts are to such GW events. We discuss how PTA searches for BWMs can be used to constrain the rate of BWMs and how these constraints relate to information regarding the population of SMBHBs.
Generalized Hamilton-Jacobi theory of Nambu Mechanics

We develop a Hamilton-Jacobi-like formulation of Nambu mechanics. The Nambu mechanics, originally proposed by Nambu more than four decades ago, provides a remarkable extension of the standard Hamilton equations of motion in even dimensional phase space with a single Hamiltonian to a phase space of three (and more generally, arbitrary) dimensions with two Hamiltonians (n Hamiltonians in the case of (n+1)-dimensional phase space) from the viewpoint of the Liouville theorem. However, it has not been formulated seriously in the spirit of Hamilton-Jacobi theory. The present study is motivated to suggest a possible direction towards quantization from a new perspective.
External Cephalic Version—A Chance for Vaginal Delivery at Breech Presentation

Background and Objectives: In recent years, the rate of caesarean section (CS) has increased constantly. Although vaginal breech delivery has a long history, breech presentation has become the third most common indication for CS. This study aims to identify factors associated with the success of external cephalic version (ECV), underline the success rate of ECV for breech presentation and highlight the high rate of vaginal delivery after successful ECV. Material and Methods: This retrospective observational study included 113 patients with singleton fetuses in breech presentation, who underwent ECV from January 2016 to March 2021 in the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Diakonieklinikum Schwäbisch Hall, Germany. Maternal and fetal parameters and data related to procedure and delivery were collected. Possible predictors of successful ECV were evaluated. Results: The success rate of ECV was 54.9%. The overall rate of vaginal birth was 44.2%, regardless of ECV outcome. The vaginal birth rate after successful ECV was 80.6%. Overall, 79.0% of women with successful ECV delivered spontaneously without complications, 19.4% delivered through CS performed during labor by medical necessity, and 1.6% delivered through vacuum extraction. ECV was performed successfully in three of the four women with history of CS. Gravidity, parity, maternal age, gestational age, fetal weight, and amniotic fluid index (AFI) were significantly correlated with the outcome of ECV. Conclusions: ECV for breech presentation is a safe procedure with a good success rate, thus increasing the proportion of vaginal births. Maternal and fetal parameters can be used to estimate the chances of successful ECV.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown on the Epidemiology of RSV-Mediated Bronchiolitis: Experience from Our Centre

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically affected the global epidemiology of other infectious respiratory diseases, leading to a significant decrease in their incidence. Hence, we aimed to characterize the epidemiology of RSV-bronchiolitis in children. Methods: children aged ≤2 years diagnosed with RSV-mediated bronchiolitis admitted to our Unit from October 2018 to December 2021, were retrospectively enrolled. Results: We included 95 patients (M/F = 46/49; mean age 7.56 ± 6.6 months). Specifically, 17 infants in 2018, 34 in 2019, 0 during 2020 lockdown, 1 during 2020 post-lockdown, and 43 in 2021. Incidence was significantly lower in 2020 compared with 2018, 2019 and 2021 (p < 0.05). No differences were found concerning need for respiratory support. Discussion: Several factors related to SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, especially restrictive measures, may have contributed to a significant reduction in hospitalizations due to RSV. The new outbreak in RSV infection-related hospitalizations reported between October and December 2021 has been suggested it may be due to an increased number of susceptible individuals to RSV infection. Conclusion: The experience of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has led to a marked decrease in other viral respiratory infections, such as RSV. This may pave the way for new approaches in preventing respiratory infections, highlighting the role of preventive measures.
Spherical collapse model in dark‐energy cosmologies

We study the spherical collapse model for several dark-energy scenarios using the fully non-linear differential equation for the evolution of the density contrast within homogeneous spherical overdensities derived from Newtonian hydrodynamics. While mathematically equivalent to the more common approach based on the differential equation for the radius of the perturbation, this approach has substantial conceptual as well as numerical advantages. Among the most important are that no singularities at early times appear, which avoids numerical problems in particular in applications to cosmologies with dynamical and early dark energy, and that the assumption of time-reversal symmetry can easily be dropped where it is not strictly satisfied. We use this approach to derive the two parameters characterizing the spherical-collapse model, i.e. the linear density threshold for collapse δ c and the virial overdensity Δ v , for a broad variety of dark-energy models and to reconsider these parameters in cosmologies with early dark energy. We find that, independently of the model under investigation, δ c and Δ v are always very close to the values obtained for the standard ACDM model, arguing that the abundance of and the mean density within non-linear structures are quite insensitive to the differences between dark-energy cosmologies. Regarding early dark energy, we thus arrive at a different conclusion than some earlier papers, including one from our group, and we explain why.
The imprint of pulsar parameters on the morphology of Pulsar Wind Nebulae

The morphology of young Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWN) is largely determined by the properties of the wind injected by the pulsar. We have used a recent parametrization of the wind obtained from Force Free Electrodynamics simulations of pulsar magnetospheres to simulate nebulae for different sets of pulsar parameters. We performed axisymmetric Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics simulations to test the morphology dependence of the nebula on the obliquity of the pulsar and on the magnetization of the pulsar wind. We compare these simulations to the morphology of the Vela and Crab PWN. We find that the morphology of Vela can be reproduced qualitatively if the pulsar obliquity angle is alpha ~45deg and the magnetization of the wind is high (sigma_0 ~ 3.0). A morphology similar to the one of the Crab Nebula is only obtained for low magnetization simulations with alpha >~ 45deg. Interestingly, we find that Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities produce small scale turbulences downstream of the reverse shock of the pulsar wind.
MULTIWAVELENGTH STUDY OF THE NORTHEASTERN OUTSKIRTS OF THE EXTENDED TeV SOURCE HESS J1809−193

HESS J1809−193 is an extended TeV γ-ray source in the Galactic plane. Multiwavelength observations of the HESS J1809−193 field reveal a complex picture. We present results from three Chandra X-Ray Observatory and two Suzaku observations of a region in the northeastern outskirts of HESS J1809–193, where enhanced TeV emission has been reported. Our analysis also includes GeV γ-ray and radio data. One of the X-ray sources in the field is the X-ray binary XTE J1810–189, for which we present the outburst history from multiple observatories and confirm that XTE J1810–189 is a strongly variable type I X-ray burster, which can hardly produce TeV emission. We investigate whether there is any connection between the possible TeV extension of HESS J1809−193 and the sources seen at lower energies. We find that another X-ray binary candidate, Suzaku J1811–1900, and a radio supernova remnant, SNR G11.4−0.1, can hardly be responsible for the putative TeV emission. Our multiwavelength classification of fainter X-ray point sources also does not produce a plausible candidate. We conclude that the northeast extension of HESS J1809−193, if confirmed by deeper observations, can be considered a dark accelerator—a TeV source without a visible counterpart at lower energies.
Better Higgs boson measurements through information geometry

Information geometry can be used to understand and optimize Higgs boson measurements at the LHC. The Fisher information encodes the maximum sensitivity of observables to model parameters for a given experiment. Applied to higher-dimensional operators, it defines the new physics reach of any LHC signature. We calculate the Fisher information for Higgs production in weak boson fusion with decays into tau pairs and four leptons and for Higgs production in association with a single top quark. In a next step, we analyze how the differential information is distributed over phase space, which defines optimal event selections. Conversely, we consider the information in the distribution of a subset of the kinematic variables, showing which production and decay observables are the most powerful and how much information is lost in traditional histogram-based analysis methods compared to fully multivariate ones.
Indistinguishable photons from a diode

We generate indistinguishable photons from a semiconductor diode containing an InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot. By using an all-electrical technique to populate and control a single-photon emitting state, we filter out dephasing by Stark shifting the emission energy on time scales below the dephasing time of the state. By mixing consecutive photons on a beam splitter, we observe two-photon interference with a visibility of 64%.
Polarized radio filaments outside the Galactic plane

We used data from the WMAP satellite at 23, 33 and 41 GHz to study the diffuse polarized emission over the entire sky. The emission originates mostly from filamentary structures with well-ordered magnetic fields. Some of these structures have been known for decades in radio continuum maps. Their origin is not clear and there are many filaments that are visible for the first time. We have identified and studied 11 filaments. The polarization fraction of some of them can be as high as 40 per cent, which is a signature of a well-ordered magnetic field. The polarization spectral indices, averaged over 18 regions in the sky is ? = -3.06 �� 0.02, consistent with synchrotron radiation. There are significant variations in ? over the sky (? �? �� 0.2). We explore the link between the large-scale filaments and the local interstellar medium, using the model of an expanding shell in the solar vicinity. We compared observed polarization angles with the predictions from the model and found good agreement. This strongly suggests that many large-scale filaments and loops are nearby structures. This is important in the context of the Galactic magnetic field as these structures are normally included in global models, neglecting the fact that they might be local. We also studied the level of contamination added by the diffuse filaments to the CMB (cosmic microwave background) polarization power spectra. We conclude that, even though these filaments present low radio brightness, a careful removal will be necessary for future all-sky CMB polarization analysis.
Strange metallicity in the doped Hubbard model

Looking for a strange metal In many materials, charge carriers are well described as noninteracting quasiparticles. However, in materials with strong correlations, this approximation can break down, leading to anomalous transport properties at high temperatures. Huang et al. used quantum Monte Carlo calculations to look for this so-called strange metal phase in the simplest two-dimensional model of interacting electrons, the Hubbard model. They found that the calculated resistivity had a linear temperature dependence when hole doping was introduced, as expected in the strange metal phase. This observation provides confidence that simplified models can be used to describe and understand the behavior of real materials, such as cuprate high-temperature superconductors. Science, this issue p. 987 Quantum Monte Carlo calculations indicate the presence of anomalous transport in the normal state of the 2D Hubbard model. Strange or bad metallic transport, defined by incompatibility with the conventional quasiparticle picture, is a theme common to many strongly correlated materials, including high-temperature superconductors. The Hubbard model represents a minimal starting point for modeling strongly correlated systems. Here we demonstrate strange metallic transport in the doped two-dimensional Hubbard model using determinantal quantum Monte Carlo calculations. Over a wide range of doping, we observe resistivities exceeding the Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit with linear temperature dependence. The temperatures of our calculations extend to as low as 1/40 of the noninteracting bandwidth, placing our findings in the degenerate regime relevant to experimental observations of strange metallicity. Our results provide a foundation for connecting theories of strange metals to models of strongly correlated materials.