Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Genetics of Drought Resistance in Early Maturing Maize (Zea mays L)

Development of new cultivars in dryer environments has been slow due to unavailability of reliable field phenotyping methods for drought resistance in maize (Zea mays L.). Root capacitance, stem diameter, brace root number, and spread width could affect drought resistance and root architecture leading to adaptation of maize to drought. This study was conducted to investigate novel In Situ field phenotyping methods and their genetic control to utilize them in breeding programs targeted for drought stress environment. Ninety-four partial diallel crosses from 47 diverse maize inbred lines and control checks were tested in eight water stressed (WS) and well-watered (WW) environments in years 2013 and 2014. All traits showed significantly high genetic variation (P < 0.01) both in WS and WW environments. The brace root counts ranged from 9 to 11 in WS vs. 9 to 20 in WW, the root capacitance ranged from 28 to 57 nF in WS vs. 25 to 63 nF in WW, and brace root spread width ranged from 26 to 44 mm in WS vs. 24 to 42 mm in WW. Additive genetic variances were important for brace root spread width, number of brace root count, and root capacitance. However, non-additive genetic variances were also important for root lodging and stalk diameter. Root and stalk lodging were important both in WW and WS environment to decrease grain yield. Root capacitance, as a measure of fresh root mass, was associated with brace root counts (rG > 0.46, P < 0.05) in both environments. Brace root count (-59 in WS vs. -0.55 in WW) and spread width (-0.52 in WS vs -0.62 in WW) were negatively associated (P < 0.01) with root lodging. The estimates of narrow sense heritability (h) were higher for brace root spread width (0.23) and number of brace root count (0.24) as compared to grain yield (0.06) and root lodging (0.1) in WS environments. The visible brace root
A Data Analysis of Senior Student Truancy Data for the Green Bay Area Public School District

Retzak Krump Amanda D. _____________________________________________________________________ (Writer) (Last Name) (First Name) (Middle Initial) A Data Analysis of Senior Student Truancy Data for the Green Bay Area Public School District _____________________________________________________________________ (Title) School Psychology, Dr. Ed Biggerstaff, 5/05 42 ______________________________________________________________________ (Graduate Program) (Research Advisor) (Month/Year) (# of Pages) American Psychological Association, 5 edition ___________________________________________________________________ (Name of Style Manual Used in this Study) Truancy is an important issue in today’s society, as it is a clear warning sign for other problems a student may be facing, and also has strong links to delinquency and substance use. Previous research has determined that there is a link between student attendance and student performance. The Green Bay Area Public School District is concerned with truancy levels within the district, and a committee has been formed to determine how to increase student attendance. The committee is currently focusing on the senior year and what changes could be made to the senior year to encourage attendance. This committee asserts that there is a group of students it calls “casually truant. ” This group is formed by students who have
Surface Albedo at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains Site from Helicopter Observations

In August 1998, scientists from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center conducted a series of helicopter flights to determine spectral bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDFs) using a scanning field spectrometer mounted below the aircraft. The experiment named CERES (Clouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy System) ARM (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement) Radiation Experiment (CARE) also carried a precision spectral pyranometer (PSP). Beyond BRDF patterns, several flights sampled upwelling flux in an area the approximate size of a footprint from the CERES instrument (Wielicki et al. 1996), which was on board the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. These were flights of opportunity with six completed at different solar zenith angles (SZAs). The CERES Surface and Atmospheric Radiation Budget (SARB) group models heating and cooling rates beneath each CERES footprint (~20km), requiring an estimate of surface albedo for its lower boundary condition. In global production runs, surface albedo is estimated with a top of atmosphere to surface parameterization (Rutan and Charlock 1999). CARE flights were meant to validate the surface albedo parameterization used in SARB production runs. Comparisons of CERES-derived surface albedo and albedos derived from 10m-tower observation are of limited use due to spatial mismatch of the two observations. To make this helicopter-CERES comparison, it is necessary to “remove” the atmosphere between the helicopter and surface. Atmospheric modeling is done using the Fu and Liou radiation transfer model (Fu and Liou 1993), ARM profile information and aerosols, and albedo spectral shape from the CARE experiment. Surface albedo is then adjusted such that model fluxes approximate those observed by the PSP at helicopter altitude. These “tuned” albedos are averaged over the entire flight path and compared with those determined via the CERES/SARB algorithm. It is found that surface albedos derived in this way match well with SARB albedos when SZAs are small but they do not show a change with SZA. Comparing estimates of broadband albedo, via integration of spectral radiometer data, indicates a possible calibration problem with the PSP on the helicopter.
Earthquake hypocenters and focal mechanisms in central Oklahoma reveal a complex system of reactivated subsurface strike‐slip faulting

The sharp increase in seismicity over a broad region of central Oklahoma has raised concern regarding the source of the activity and its potential hazard to local communities and energy industry infrastructure. Since early 2010, numerous organizations have deployed temporary portable seismic stations in central Oklahoma in order to record the evolving seismicity. In this study, we apply a multiple‐event relocation method to produce a catalog of 3639 central Oklahoma earthquakes from late 2009 through 2014. Regional moment tensor (RMT) source parameters were determined for 195 of the largest and best recorded earthquakes. Combining RMT results with relocated seismicity enabled us to determine the length, depth, and style of faulting occurring on reactivated subsurface fault systems. Results show that the majority of earthquakes occur on near‐vertical, optimally oriented (NE‐SW and NW‐SE), strike‐slip faults in the shallow crystalline basement. These are necessary first‐order observations required to assess the potential hazards of individual faults in Oklahoma.
CDMA2000 Radio Measurements at 1.9GHz and Comparison of Propagation Models in Three Built-Up Cities of South-South, Nigeria.

Radio propagation measurements and prediction, realized by the mobile terminal or the base station, is needed to guarantee quality of service and to supervise the planned coverage area. A wide variety of approaches have been developed over the years to predict signal pathloss using what are known as propagation models. In this paper, we compare the measured pathloss obtained for the urban areas with seven existing propagation models, that is, SUI, Lee, Hata, ECC and COST-231 W/I and W/B. Firstly, for both areas, the results show that the path loss is not constant at various locations for a constant distance around the respective base station (BS). This shows that the terrains of studied cities are irregular. Secondly, observations show that the W/B gives better agreement for all the studied three cities; hence, it can be used to model signal coverage area of cellular networks in any region of South-South Nigeria.
Middle Permian crinoids (Echinodermata, Crinoidea) from Cerros Los Monos, Caborca, Sonora, Mexico and paleogeographic considerations

Crinoid columnals and pluricolumnals assigned to fi ve species, Pentaridica (col.) rothi Moore and Jeffords, Cyclocaudex cf. C. (col.) jucundus Moore and Jeffords, Cyclocaudex cf. C. (col.) costatus Moore and Jeffords, Preptopremnum (col.) rugosum Moore and Jeffords, and Heterostelechus (col.) texanus Moore and Jeffords, were studied from the Permian beds of the Monos Formation which is exposed 50 kilometers west of Caborca, Sonora, in northwest Mexico. Heterostelechus (col.) texanus Moore and Jeffords is recorded for the fi rst time in Mexico. Some crinoid samples preserve morphological features in the articular surface, allowing the species identifi cation. The age of the fossiliferous strata was determined by the identifi cation of fusulinids (Parafusulina antimonioensis Dunbar), ammonites (Waagenoceras dieneri Boese), and brachiopods (Waagenoconcha montpelierensis (Girty)) that are index fossils of Wordian (Middle Permian) age.
Miralinidae (Marsupialia: Phalangeroidea) from northern Australia, including the youngest occurrence of the family

Five isolated molars from two localities in the Northern Territory, the middle Miocene Bullock Creek and late Oligocene Kangaroo Well sites, are assigned to the new miralinid genus Barguru, which includes the three new species: Barguru kayir, Barguru maru and Barguru kula. The Miralinidae was previously thought to be restricted to the late Oligocene and early Miocene, but the occurrence at Bullock Creek extends the time range of this family into the middle Miocene. Analysis of metaloph development in the Miralinidae suggests that loph formation in this family followed a different trajectory to that of phalangerids.
Classifiers That Improve with Use

Training on non-representative data causes any classifier to make many mistakes on new data. Retraining an OCR engine with labeled characters, obtained from routine post-editing, can reduce both the bias and the variance of the classifier, and therefore its error rate. In the absence of post-edits, the imperfect labels assigned by the classifier can be used instead. Although the theoretical foundations of decisiondirected adaptation are meager, adaptation has proved successful in diverse experiments. When the operational data can be partitioned into isogenous subsets, the classifier parameters should be adapted independently on each subset. However, if the same-source subsets are small, as in postal-code or bank-check reading, it is advantageous to classify more than one character at a time. Style-constrained classification allows training the classifier on fields shorter than the classification field. Systematic methods still remain to be developed for adapting language context to the operational data stream, particularly for semi-structured business forms. Only dynamic classifiers can hope to rival human performance on imperfectly printed, written, copied, or scanned documents.
Compressional structures on the West Iberia rifted margin: controls on their distribution

Abstract The West Iberia margin is a magma-poor rifted margin that resulted from Jurassic to Cretaceous polyphase rifting leading to the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean. The Mesozoic rift structures were overprinted by two compressive tectonic events during Eocene and Miocene times resulting from collision between Iberia, Europe and Africa. The effects of these compressive tectonic events are expressed by faults and folds within the post-rift sedimentary sequence. We mapped and studied these Cenozoic deformation structures throughout the Southern Iberia Abyssal Plain (40°–41°N, 11°–13°W) on the basis of an extensive dataset of time migrated seismic profiles acquired by various academic institutions. Acoustic basement has also been analysed on the basis of its seismic aspect, in order to test potential relationships with the distribution of the post-rift sedimentary deformation. Our observations lead to three major conclusions concerning the deformation affecting the post-rift sediments in the Southern Iberia Abyssal Plain: (1) the deformation occurs within the zone of exhumed continental mantle and not at its transition to continental or oceanic crust; (2) it is localized within a zone overlying basement with well-defined seismic characteristics; and (3) it is closely related to the major topographic features observed in the ocean–continent transition. The localization of the deformation within the zone of exhumed continental mantle and not at its boundaries to the adjacent oceanic and continental crust suggests that the limits between the different types of crust are transitional rather than sharp. Our results show that the zone of exhumed continental mantle represents the weakest zone within the margin that is preferentially deformed during initial convergence. At higher convergence rates, this zone may coincide with the location of a future subduction.
Catch Me If You Can

As advances in signature recognition have reached a new plateau of performance at around 2% error rate, it is interesting to investigate alternative approaches. The approach detailed in this paper looks at using Variational Auto-Encoders (VAEs) to learn a latent space representation of genuine signatures. This is then used to pass unlabelled signatures such that only the genuine ones will successfully be reconstructed by the VAE. This latent space representation and the reconstruction loss is subsequently used by random forest and kNN classifiers for prediction. Subsequently, VAE disentanglement and the possibility of posterior collapse are ascertained and analysed. The final results suggest that while this method performs less well than existing alternatives, further work may allow this to be used as part of an ensemble for future models.
Catch Me If You Can: Identifying Fraudulent Physician Reviews with Large Language Models Using Generative Pre-Trained Transformers

The proliferation of fake reviews of doctors has potentially detrimental consequences for patient well-being and has prompted concern among consumer protection groups and regulatory bodies. Yet despite significant advancements in the fields of machine learning and natural language processing, there remains limited comprehension of the characteristics differentiating fraudulent from authentic reviews. This study utilizes a novel pre-labeled dataset of 38048 physician reviews to establish the effectiveness of large language models in classifying reviews. Specifically, we compare the performance of traditional ML models, such as logistic regression and support vector machines, to generative pre-trained transformer models. Furthermore, we use GPT4, the newest model in the GPT family, to uncover the key dimensions along which fake and genuine physician reviews differ. Our findings reveal significantly superior performance of GPT-3 over traditional ML models in this context. Additionally, our analysis suggests that GPT3 requires a smaller training sample than traditional models, suggesting its appropriateness for tasks with scarce training data. Moreover, the superiority of GPT3 performance increases in the cold start context i.e., when there are no prior reviews of a doctor. Finally, we employ GPT4 to reveal the crucial dimensions that distinguish fake physician reviews. In sharp contrast to previous findings in the literature that were obtained using simulated data, our findings from a real-world dataset show that fake reviews are generally more clinically detailed, more reserved in sentiment, and have better structure and grammar than authentic ones.
Late Vendian-Early Cambrian riftogenic hanging-wall sedimentary basin and Early Cambrian ocean problem: western and southern periphery of the Siberian Platform

Late Vendian-Early Cambrian coarse-grained deposits extend almost as continuous belt from Igarka region to Aldan shield and form of the same type sedimentological sandstone successions with conglomerates at the base and gradual transition upward to the terrigene-carbonate and carbonate complexes including anhydrite and salt. Marker sedimentological and petrographic features of these formations are used for trassing the boundary of the Lower Cambrian [1], the Vendian [2,3] or last Upper Vendian straton [4] subject to idea. This conglomerate-sandstone complex considered to be the basal part of regional Irkutskiy stratigraphic [1] or Enisei-Gissayanian petrographic horizon [5]. Conglomeratic-sandstone deposits of Graviyskaya, Uglovskaya, Redkolesnaya, Ust-tagulskaya, Shamanskaya, Ushakovskaya, and upper part of Zherbinskaya formations regarded as final association of Late Vendian collisional molasse [4]. The analysis of more broad data led to conclusion that Vendian-Cambrian boundary is the time of tectonic epochs change in the Siberian Craton namely from transpression to transtension regimes and it is intercontinental significance [6].
Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations.

How and why do moral judgments vary across the political spectrum? To test moral foundations theory (J. Haidt & J. Graham, 2007; J. Haidt & C. Joseph, 2004), the authors developed several ways to measure people's use of 5 sets of moral intuitions: Harm/care, Fairness/reciprocity, Ingroup/loyalty, Authority/respect, and Purity/sanctity. Across 4 studies using multiple methods, liberals consistently showed greater endorsement and use of the Harm/care and Fairness/reciprocity foundations compared to the other 3 foundations, whereas conservatives endorsed and used the 5 foundations more equally. This difference was observed in abstract assessments of the moral relevance of foundation-related concerns such as violence or loyalty (Study 1), moral judgments of statements and scenarios (Study 2), "sacredness" reactions to taboo trade-offs (Study 3), and use of foundation-related words in the moral texts of religious sermons (Study 4). These findings help to illuminate the nature and intractability of moral disagreements in the American "culture war. "
PERSONALITY PROCESSES AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES You Have to Follow Through: Attaining Behavioral Change Goals Predicts Volitional Personality Change

Prior research has found that people’s desires to change their personality traits predict corresponding subsequent trait growth over time. However, few studies have examined the processes through which people can volitionally change their personality traits. Thus, it remains unclear whether merely desiring change predicts trait growth or whether actively pursuing change is necessary. The present study was a 15-week intensive longitudinal design that tested whether engaging in trait-typical behaviors predicted trait change. Participants provided self-report ratings of their personality traits and were able to freely accept and complete weekly “challenges”—prewritten behavioral goals that would pull their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in line with their desired traits. Results indicated that merely accepting behavioral challenges did not predict trait changes. Rather, only actually completing challenges (i.e., performing trait-typical behaviors) predicted trait change over time. Thus, merely wanting to change does not appear to be sufficient to evoke trait growth; successfully changing one’s personality traits may require actively and successfully implementing behaviors to change oneself.
Damaged regions segmentation on Thangka for missing colors

The damaged regions in Thangka need to be segmented in order to repair Thangka. A method is proposed that can segment the damaged regions according to the classification of damaged area, aiming at the characteristics of damaged regions in Thangka for missing colors. The edges can be obtained using gray Gradient modules; the regions can be gained through by edges spreading before removing the fake edges. The regions are divided into small regions and large regions, which are handled separately. Small damaged regions can be obtained after removing the fake damaged regions; large regions need a series of processing, removing fake damaged regions, extracting the large regions, remaining complex regions; the tiny damaged regions and damaged holes regions are extracted from the complex regions, they are combined, dilated, the damaged regions are obtain after removing fake damaged regions. The small damaged regions, large damaged regions and the damaged regions in the complex regions are combined into together, the damaged regions are segmented in the whole image. The segmentation result is fine through by the experiments.
Place matters : Neighborhood deprivation and cardiometabolic risk factors in the Diabetes Study of Northern California ( DISTANCE ) Social Science

While neighborhood deprivation is associated with prevalence of chronic diseases, it is not well understood whether neighborhood deprivation is also associated with cardiometabolic risk factors among adults with chronic disease. Subjects (n=19,804) from the Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE) cohort study, an ethnically stratified, random sample of members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), an integrated managed care consortium, with type 2 diabetes who completed a survey between 2005 and 2007 and who lived in a 19 county study area were included in the analyses. We estimated the association between a validated neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) and four cardiometabolic risk factors: body mass index (BMI= kg/m2), glycosylated hemoglobin (A1c), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) using multilevel models. Outcomes were modeled in their continuous form and as binary indicators of poor control (severe obesity: BMI ≥35, poor glycemic control: A1c ≥9%, hypercholesterolemia: LDL ≥130 mg/dL, and hypertension: SBP ≥140 mmHg). BMI, A1c and SBP increased monotonically across quartiles of NDI (p<0.001 in each case); however, LDL © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Corresponding author name and email address: Barbara A. Laraia, Ph.D., MPH, RD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Center for Health & Community, 3333 California St., Suite 465, San Francisco, CA 94118, (415) 476-7655, laraiab@chc.ucsf. edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Soc Sci Med. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 April 01. Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2012 April ; 74(7): 1082–1090. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed. 2011.11. 036. N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript was significantly associated with NDI only when comparing the most to the least deprived quartile. NDI remained significantly associated with BMI and A1c after adjusting for individual level factors including income and education. A linear trend (p<0.001) was observed in the relative risk ratios for dichotomous indicators of severe obesity, poor glycemic control, and 2 or more poorly controlled cardiometabolic risk factors across NDI quartile. In adjusted models, higher levels of neighborhood deprivation were positively associated with indicators of cardiometabolic risk among adults with diabetes, suggesting that neighborhood level deprivation may influence individual outcomes. However, longitudinal data are needed to test the causal direction of these relationships.