Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ontogenetic changes in the postcranial skeleton of Mussaurus patagonicus (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha) and their impact on the phylogenetic relationships of early sauropodomorphs

Early sauropodomorphs were diverse in Gondwana, being particularly well represented in South America. Mussaurus patagonicus is one of the best-known non-sauropod sauropodomorphs that inhabited the Southern Hemisphere. Its importance relies on its phylogenetic position close to Sauropoda and also because it is known from a well-represented ontogenetic series, including embryos, neonate and late immature skeletons, which are particularly scarce among sauropodomorphs. In this regard, Mussaurus represents an excellent opportunity to explore anatomical and palaeobiological constraints during the ontogeny of early stages of the evolution of the group. We present the osteology of the postcranial skeleton of immature specimens of Mussaurus, highlighting the main anatomical changes that occurred during its ontogeny. The phylogenetic position of this taxon based on mature specimens is evaluated through a parsimony analysis, corroborating its position as closer to Sauropoda than most other early sauropodomorphs. Immature stages of this taxon were also evaluated phylogenetically, showing an overall phylogenetic signal that positioned them closer to the root of Sauropodomorpha than the mature specimens. However, the cranial and some postcranial anatomical partitions of neonates and late immature specimens have different phylogenetic signals, showing derived traits present in Sauropoda and related taxa (and supporting the hypothesis of paedomorphic evolution in certain regions of the skeleton). Our analysis shows that most of the appendicular apomorphies in Mussaurus appear late in ontogeny, whereas axial characters (in particular for OS 1), including those of the skull and the presacral vertebrae, show derived character states early in ontogeny that are congruent with the phylogenetic position of mature specimens. Ontogenetic series of other sauropodomorph species, however, are required to test if this pattern applies to the entire group.
Creating Mashups with Adobe Flex and AIR

Web applications no longer need be powered by any one individual's data, and they don't need to be confined to the desktop. Developers can draw on a wealth of publicly available content, from providers such as Flickr, Amazon, Google, Twitter, and Last.fm, and combine it for use in their own applications. Adobe Integrated Runtime (AIR) makes it simple to bring previously web-only applications to the desktop, allowing them to run alongside traditional applications on an end user's computer. In this book, you'll learn how to create mashup applications from the vast array of web services, feeds, and APIs using Adobe Flash and Flex together with HTML and JavaScript (Ajax). You'll be introduced to the various sources of information and the tools necessary to gather and reuse that information, and then you'll learn how to combine that content in a variety of ways. You'll learn how to have desktop applications interact with online services such as Flickr, you'll learn how to use Amazon S3 for enterprise-level data storage, and you'll embrace technologies such as OpenID. In addition, you'll create abstract visualizations based on music sourced from Last.fm and consume Twitter content via RSS. You will also see how to use the Flash-native data format SWX along with PHP to create a Yahoo! weather widget. You'll discover just why you may want to build a widget or a desktop application rather leaving things web-based; then you'll create an application using Flex Builder and AIR and learn how best to distribute it. With so many tools and so much data available, the possibilities for mashup creation are endless. Creating Mashups with Adobe Flex and AIR provides all you need to get you up and running quickly, while also giving you a solid understanding of the technologies involved so you can take things furtherto a place limited only by your imagination. In this book you'll learn how to use Flex 3 in conjunction with ActionScript 3.0 to build powerful applications; how you can use Adobe AIR to take your application from the Web and onto the desktop; the differences between developing for the Web and for the desktop; how you can use the APIs of popular web services such as Flickr, Amazon, Google, Twitter, and Last.fm as data sources for your application; and how to optimize your applications for fast and efficient performance. Summary of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction to Mashups Chapter 2 Technologies to Mash With! Chapter 3 An Introduction to Flex Chapter 4 Flex Components Chapter 5 Flexing Your Muscles Chapter 6 Performance Management in Flex Applications Chapter 7 Debugging Flex 3: The Tried-and-True, Plus the New Chapter 8 Getting the Most out of APIs Chapter 9 Mashing Up Functionality Chapter 10 SWX: A Native Flash Data Format Chapter 11 Taking It to the Desktop Chapter 12 Developing for the Desktop with AIR Chapter 13 Adding More Desktop Elements to the Web Chapter 14 Building a Desktop Experience Chapter 15 Completing the Experience
Relationship Between Sports' Club Website Quality and Users' Satisfaction

Today, with the growth of internet usage, sports users can easily interact with other fans or sports organisations. As a result, the website's quality has improved over time. However, there was a dearth evidence demonstrating the website quality related to users' satisfaction. Therefore, the study aimed to identify the most preferred factor of the quality of websites among the website users, identify the most preferred factor of user satisfaction towards the quality of websites, and investigate the relationship between the sports club website's quality and users' satisfaction. Two hundred forty-eight respondents (78.2% were male) from Melaka United Soccer Association fans were involved. The results showed a complementary relationship (C.R.) was the most preferred factor for quality websites and trust was the primary factor of users' satisfaction. Furthermore, there was a relationship between the usefulness of information to users' satisfaction (inertia, trust and satisfaction), ease of use to trust and satisfaction, and a relationship between entertainment and inertia. The results from the research will become a guide to the website administrator to improve the quality, which will increase user satisfaction.
Boswellic Acids, Pentacyclic Triterpenes, Attenuate Oxidative Stress, and Bladder Tissue Damage in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis

Boswellic acids, derived from the Boswellia serrata plant, have been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory properties in experimental animal models. The present study was aimed to evaluate the uro-protective effect of boswellic acids in rats with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. Interstitial cystitis was induced by cyclophosphamide (CYP). In order to analyze the reduction of the urothelial damage, the bladder weight, the nociception response, and the Evans blue dye extravasation from the bladder were evaluated. To investigate the involvement of lipid peroxidation and enzymatic antioxidants CAT, SOD, and GPX and MPO and NO were evaluated. IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by the ELISA immunoassay technique. The results showed that pretreatment with boswellic acids significantly reduced urothelial damage which was accompanied by a decrease in the activity of MDA, CPO, and NO levels and prevention of the depletion of CAT, SOD, and GPX. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were dramatically reduced by boswellic acids. Histopathological findings revealed a considerable reduction in cellular infiltration, edema, epithelial denudation, and bleeding. Our findings showed that boswellic acids, by their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, negate the detrimental effects of cyclophosphamide on the bladder, suggesting boswellic acids as promising therapeutic alternatives for cystitis.
The art of ‘being positive’: narratives of transcendence and determination in a comparative study of teacher professional identities in state and private schools in mainland China

ABSTRACT Marketisation has brought complex changes to the education sector that have become a concern both in the literature and among the public. However, few studies have empirically investigated how private school teachers’ professional identities might differ from those of state school teachers. This study compares how 16 teachers in two state schools and two private schools negotiate their professional identities in County Nanqi (a pseudonym) in China. A constructivist perspective guided the choice to employ a qualitative approach in this study. The research findings suggested both common and differing teacher professional identity (TPI) characteristics among state and private school teachers and developed a typology of professional identities based on the analysis. This article focuses on the two ‘positive’ types of professional identities, namely, developmental and structural, to extend the existing forms of professional identity construction and discuss the comparative characteristics of teachers’ work and lives in state and private schools in China. The results reveal the need for longitudinal research to further facilitate the comparative perspective and contextualisation of both ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ TPIs in diversifying school contexts.
An Economic Comparison of Influenza Vaccines Recommended for Use in Eligible Adults under 65 Years in the United Kingdom

Background: In the United Kingdom (UK), a cell-based quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIVc) and a recombinant vaccine (QIVr) are recommended for eligible adults under 65 years. The objective of this analysis was to determine the potential cost-effectiveness of QIVc compared to QIVr for this age group using a range of assumptions about relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE). Methods: A dynamic transmission model, calibrated to match infection data from the UK, was used to estimate the clinical and economic impact of vaccination across 10 influenza seasons. The list price was £12.50 for QIVc and £22.00 for QIVr. The base case effectiveness of QIVc was 63.9%. As there are no data comparing the vaccines in the 18 to 64-year-old age group, rVE was varied. Results: For the base case, the rVE of QIVr compared with QIVc must be at least 25% in order for the cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained to be £20,000 or lower. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the rVE required for QIVr to be cost-effective was most dependent on the absolute effectiveness of QIVc. Conclusion: At list prices, our analysis predicts that the rVE for QIVr must be at least 25% compared to QIVc in order to be considered cost-effective.
Sleep body position detection based on microphone array

The existing monitoring technologies of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) face many problems, such as invasion discomfort and privacy security. Aiming at these problems, non-contact microphone array technology is utilized in this work. Firstly, two microphones on both sides of the bedhead are used to synchronously acquire the snoring signals of the patient all night. Secondly, the high-band energy ratio (HER) and spatial cross-correlation deviation (SCCD) between the two array element channels are proposed as the spatial propagation features of snoring. Thirdly, the supine and lateral positions are indirectly recognized by the head orientation classification through unsupervised clustering, which provides a new feasible idea for the detection of sleep body positions.
Indicators of education systems

OECD's Indicators of Education Systems (INES) is the largest public data source for policy relevant data on education. The databases and publications created and maintained by the INES work groups and related decentralized projects serve governments, researchers, and the general public in many ways. The annual publication of Education at a Glance plays an essential role in OECD countries' cooperation in the field of educational development and policy evaluation. This article describes the structure and framework of INES, and discusses the impact and uses of this international program. INES indicators are designed to address key policy issues related to the outcomes, conditions, context and constraints of education systems at the national, school, classroom, and individual levels. The INES framework helps identify major data gaps and helps understand different levels of policy approaches.
Study on the Quality and Related Volatile Compounds of Beijing You- Chicken at Different Temperatures

Background: Beijing You-chicken with a unique flavor and rich nutrition is an excellent local chicken breed in China. Clarifying the change of volatile odor during the storage of chicken is helpful to assist in judging the freshness of chicken. Methods: The total viable count (TVC), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), lightness value L* and thiobarbituric acid reactive rubstances (TBARS) of chicken breast were measured at 4oC and 25oC, respectively. And the electronic nose and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology were used to determine the changes of volatile compounds during storage. Result: Significant changes of the volatile compounds were observed on first day at 25oC and the 8th day at 4oC of storage, which agreed with the results evaluated by detection of physicochemical indicators. The results of this study could serve as a theoretical basis for future research on detecting changes in chicken freshness by using the electronic nose and GC-MS technology.
Effect of β-Glucan Supplementation on Growth Performance and Intestinal Epithelium Functions in Weaned Pigs Challenged by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Background: To examine the effect of β-glucan (BGL) supplementation on growth performance and intestinal epithelium functions in weaned pigs upon Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) challenge. Methods: Thirty-two weaned pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) were assigned into four groups. Pigs fed with a basal diet or basal diet containing 500 mg/kg BGL were orally infused with ETEC or culture medium. Results: Results showed BGL tended to increase the average daily gain (ADG) in ETEC-challenged pigs (0.05 < p < 0.1). Dietary BGL supplementation had no significant influence on nutrient digestibility (p > 0.05). However, BGL improved the serum concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG, and was beneficial to relieve the increasement of the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines such as the TNF-α and IL-6 upon ETEC-challenge (p < 0.05). Interestingly, BGL significantly increased the duodenal, jejunal and ileal villus height, and increased the jejunal ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V/C) upon ETEC challenge (p < 0.05). BGL also increased the activities of mucosal, sucrase and maltase in the ETEC-challenged pigs (p < 0.05). Moreover, BGL elevated the abundance of Lactobacillus and the concentration of propanoic acid in colon in the ETEC-challenged pigs (p < 0.05). Importantly, BGL elevated the expression levels of zonula occludins-1 (ZO-1) and mucin-2 (MUC-2) in the small intestinal mucosa upon ETEC challenge (p < 0.05). BGL also upregulated the expressions of functional genes such as the claudin-1, cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT-1), LAT-1, L amino acid transporter-1 (LAT1), fatty acid transport proteins (FATP1), FATP4, and sodium/glucose cotransporter-1 (SGLT-1) in the duodenum, and the occludin-1 and CAT-1 in the jejunum upon ETEC challenge (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These results suggested that BGL can attenuate intestinal damage in weaned pigs upon ETEC challenge, which was connected with the suppressed secretion of inflammatory cytokines and enhanced serum immunoglobulins, as well as improved intestinal epithelium functions and microbiota.
Sistema de Detecção de Intrusão Confiável Baseado em Aprendizagem por Fluxo

Sistemas de detecção de intrusão baseados em aprendizagem de máquina são amplamente propostos na literatura. Porém, apesar dos resultados promissores reportados, devido a falta de confiabilidade na acurácia dos sistemas, tais técnicas raramente são utilizadas em produção. Neste artigo, propomos um sistema de detecção de intrusão confiável baseado em algoritmos de aprendizagem por fluxo. A confiabilidade do sistema é provida através da avaliação da confiança da classificação efetuada pelo sistema. Experimentos demonstraram a viabilidade de proposta, que manteve a sua acurácia mesmo durante a classificação de novos ataques e serviços, atualizando o sistema de modo autônomo.
Retention evaluation of maxillary partial denture constructed from different flexible denture base materials. An In-vitro Study.

Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to measure and evaluate the retention of four different flexible denture base materials. Materials and Method : Forty Kennedy class I partially edentulous models with the first premolar bilaterally as the last standing abutments were used in this study. Models were divided into four equal groups. Group I: partial denture with PEEK clasp assembly and denture base, Group II: partial denture with Bre-flex clasp assemble and denture base, Group III: partial denture with Polyoxymethylene clasp assemble and denture base (Acetal) and Group IV: partial denture with polyamide clasp assembly and denture base (Valplast). All the RPD were constructed in two steps: the major connector and the meshwork were casted first with chrome –cobalt alloy and the rest of the partial denture was then constructed with different flexible denture base materials according to the distribution of the previously mentioned groups. Retention of each partial denture in each group was measured after applying repeated insertion and removal cycles using the chewing simulator integrated with thermo-cyclic protocol operated on servo-motor. The data of the retentive force magnitudes at different intervals for the four different materials were collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: The results of this study showed that PEEK has statistically significant higher retention values when compared to the other three types of thermoplastic materials. Conclusion: PEEK is one of the promising esthetic materials that provides superior retention when used as a framework for a removable partial denture.
Voltage Stability Calculations in Power Transmission Lines: Indications and Allocations (IEEE 30 BUS SYSTEM)

Power system is facing new challenges as the present system is subjected to severely stressed conditions. Voltage instability is a quite frequent phenomenon under such a situation rendering degradation of power system performance. In order to avoid system blackouts, power system is to be analyzed in view of voltage stability for a wide range of system conditions. In voltage stability analysis, the main objective is to identify the system maximum loadability limit and causes of voltage instability. Static voltage stability analysis with some approximations gives this information. Voltage stability problem is related to load dynamics and therefore different load characteristics are to be considered in the voltage stability analysis. This paper presents an efficient method for conducting line voltage stability analysis in power systems. This newly developed method is accurate, fast, simple, and theoretically proven for finding precise voltage collapse points and for determining voltage stability at each transmission line. Voltage stability margins can be easily calculated, providing an indication of how far the transmission line is from its severe load condition and allowing separate analysis if one transmission line is highly stressed. The proposed method was demonstrated on the IEEE 30-bus system and compared with existing methods to show its effectiveness and efficiency.
Impact of Endophytic Produced Lipopeptides and Whitefly, (Bemisia tabaci) Honeydew Kairomone Bacteria on Limitation of The Insect and Its Associated Virus in Tomato

The whitefly is one of the most damaging pests to economical tomato crop in the world, it is considered the first plant virus’s transgenic insects. Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) is a major tomato viral disease transgenic by this insect. Many efforts have been done for controlling this virus infection. Among these many efforts was the whitefly biocontrol by using kairomonic bacteria and the endophytic bacterial lipopeptides to induce plant resistance against viral infection. The lipopeptides produced by Bacillus
Elliptic jet control with triangular tab

Elliptic jet mixing influenced by triangular tabs is demonstrated in this work. Mixing modification of a Mach 2 jet from a convergent-divergent elliptic nozzle of aspect ratio 2, in the presence of two triangular tabs along the major and minor axis at the nozzle exit, at different levels of nozzle expansion has been studied. The results show that the mixing caused by tabs along the minor axis is impressive compared to the uncontrolled jet at all the pressure ratios. But for tabs along the major axis, mixing enhancement is significant only for nozzle pressure ratios above 5. Tabs along the minor axis cause better mixing than tabs along the major axis. The iso-pitot pressure contours reveal that the tabs along the minor axis enhance the mixing by bifurcating the jet. Shadowgraphs show that the tabs render the waves in the jet weaker. The present study demonstrates the superior mixing promotion caused by triangular tab than rectangular tab, studied by Aravindh Kumar and Rathakrishnan (2015).
KINETIC ANALYSIS OF THE UPPER LIMBS IN BASEBALL TEE-BATTING UNDER LOW HITTING POINT HEIGHT CONDITION

Hitting low height balls is more difficult for baseball batters in comparison to hitting high and middle height balls. The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetic features of the individual upper limb joints among different skill level players in baseball tee-batting under the low hitting point height condition. Twenty-three collegiate baseball players were instructed to hit three kinds of hitting point height balls. Kinematic and kinetic analyses were implemented together with a motion capture system and an instrumented bat. The findings indicate that highly skilled batters exert great extension torque of the barrel-side (top hand) shoulder joint in the first half of the forward swing period in order to hit low point height balls. It is speculated that the large initial flexion angle of the barrel-side shoulder joint can help to increase the torque and angular velocity of the shoulder joint.