Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Tensor Subspace Selection and Clustering: the Equivalence of High Order Svd and K-means Clustering

Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)/Principal Component Analysis (PCA) have played a vital role in finding patterns from many datasets. Recently tensor factorization has been used for data mining and pattern recognition in high in-dex/order data. High Order SVD (HOSVD) is a commonly used tensor factorization method and has recently been used in numerous applications like graphs, videos, social networks, etc. In this paper we prove that HOSVD does simultaneous subspace selection (data compression) and K-means clustering widely used for unsupervised learning tasks. We show how to utilize this new feature of HOSVD for clustering. We demonstrate these new results using three real and large datasets, two on face images datasets and one on handwritten digits dataset. Using this new HOSVD clustering feature we provide a dataset quality assessment on many frequently used experimental datasets with expected noise levels. General Terms Algorithms Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee.
Direct detection of Escherichia coli O 157 and its major virulence factor genes in animal faeces at slaughter using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Although more than 100 serotypes of shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) have been implicated in cases of human diseases, E. coli O157 is the most common serogroup connected with sporadic cases and large outbreaks of diseases in many countries. Rapid and sensitive identification of this dangerous pathogen is important for patient management and for prompt epidemiological investigations. PCR has become a very rapid and reliable tool for the molecular diagnosis of E. coli O157. PCR assays are usually aimed at detecting the shiga toxins, the intimin protein and enterohaemolysin. In the present study, a mPCR-based protocol is described as that which uses one primer set to detect the gene responsible for the production of the O- antigen synthesis (rfb O157) and four primer set to detect the major virulence factor genes including the Shigatoxin type 1 and 2 (stx1 and stx2), intimin (eaeA) and enterohemolysin (EHEC hlyA) directly from 190 samples of animal faeces at the time of slaughter after overnight incubation of stool specimens in BPW. In this research, we use one primer set for detection of the gene responsible for the production of the O- antigen synthesis (rfb O157) and four primer set for detection of the Shigatoxin type 1 and 2 (stx1 and stx2), intimin (eaeA) and enterohemolysin (EHEC hlyA) producing genes directly from 190 samples of animal faeces at the time of slaughter after overnight incubation of stool specimens in BPW. This study has established the presence of rather high prevalence of E. coli O157-positive animals at abattoirs (These consisted of 4.2% of cattle and 2.1% of sheep), providing an increased risk of transmission of E. coli O157 to the food chain and contamination of human.
Arens-Michael envelopes, homological epimorphisms, and relatively quasi-free algebras

We describe and investigate Arens–Michael envelopes of associative algebras and their homological properties. We also introduce and study analytic analogs of some classical ring-theoretic constructs: Ore extensions, Laurent extensions, and tensor algebras. For some finitely generated algebras, we explicitly describe their Arens–Michael envelopes as certain algebras of noncommutative power series, and we also show that the embeddings of such algebras in their Arens–Michael envelopes are homological epimorphisms (i.e., localizations in the sense of J. Taylor). For that purpose we introduce and study the concepts of relative homological epimorphism and relatively quasi-free algebra. The above results hold for multiparameter quantum affine spaces and quantum tori, quantum Weyl algebras, algebras of quantum (2 × 2)-matrices, and universal enveloping algebras of some Lie algebras of small dimensions.
Energy flow and trophic structure of Galápagos shallow rocky reef systems along a gradient of productivity and artisanal fisheries

This thesis aims to better understand how changes in primary production, temperature and fishing intensity within a biogeographic regional influence the trophic structure and the diversity and distribution of key species In the Galapagos Marine Reserve. Changes in the marine ecosystem influenced by El Nino and fisheries have been extensively evident in Galápagos. However, alterations resulting in the food chain such as changes in energy flows, trophic interactions and system structure influenced by these factors have been poorly described. Trophic models for the period 2004-2008 were constructed using the "Ecopath with Ecosim" software to describe differences between the three major biogeographic regions in the Galápagos Marine Reserve: the west cold upwelling system - Bolivar Channel, the south-central mixed system - Floreana and the far-north tropical system - Darwin and Wolf. Information required for the construction of these trophic models were mainly based on five years of underwater ecological surveys, oceanographic monitoring and population censuses carried out by the Charles Darwin Foundation and the Galapagos National Park. Additional information was obtained from other sources such as literature, reports and other trophic models. The description of differences in the system structures, energy flows and ecological characteristics of each biogeographic region were based on quantitative ecosystem parameters estimated by Ecopath. Additionally, the effects of artisanal fisheries and El Nino on the Galápagos ecosystems were explored with Ecosim to understand the mechanisms behind the observed changes in the ecosystem dynamics. In conclusion, the three systems compared in this study showed clear differences in their oceanographic settings as well as in their fishery impacts. The selectivity of target species by the local artisanal fishery plays an important role in structuring the benthic community. However, direct effects are spatially variable, depending in part on the proximity to fishing ports. Conservation strategies need to take into account the biogeographic functionality and structural differences of each system to improve the effectiveness of the actual spatial management plan in the Galápagos Marine Reserve. In addition, further studies are recommended to improve the models for future exploration of management strategies. The current fishing-monitoring program must be evaluated and adapted to produce better geo-referenced data, which will provide a robust input to evaluate the fishing effect in the Galápagos Marine Reserve.
Respiratory Distress in the Term and Near-term Infant

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Differentiate between cardiac and respiratory causes of cyanosis. 2. Describe the primary parenchymal diseases that can cause respiratory distress in the neonate. 3. Describe the primary developmental lung abnormalities that can cause respiratory distress in the neonate. One of the most common reasons for admission of term neonates to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is respiratory distress. (1) The cause may be of pulmonary or nonpulmonary origin. The nonpulmonary causes include cardiac, infectious, metabolic, central nervous system, and miscellaneous conditions. This review focuses on the major pulmonary causes for respiratory distress in term infants, in particular, the first two of the four groups that appear in Table 1. (2) | Parenchymal conditions | || | Developmental abnormalities | | Airway abnormalities | | Mechanical abnormalities | Table 1. Potential Pulmonary Causes for Respiratory Distress in Neonates Differentiating cardiac and respiratory causes of cyanosis is a common clinical problem, particularly in cases in which there is little or no tachypnea or respiratory distress. The major signs of neonatal respiratory distress are tachypnea and cyanosis, in which tachypnea is defined as a respiratory rate consistently greater than 60 breaths/min. A hyperoxia test may assist in differentiating between the two. Pulse oximetry may help to decide whether a formal hyperoxic test is useful. A neonate who exhibits cyanosis without marked respiratory distress and has an O2 saturation of less than 85% in both room air and 100% oxygen likely has an intracardiac shunt. If the O2 saturation increases to more than 85% on 100% oxygen, …
Using Wikis to Support Project-Based Learning: A Case Study

Wikis are social media tools which allow users to easily create and edit pages collaboratively, enabling the co-construction of content. Due to their potential to facilitate cooperative and collaborative learning, they have started to be used in educational settings, with generally positive results. This paper reports on the successful experience of using a wiki as a support tool for a project-based learning scenario, in Computer Science education. The main assets of the study consist in its relatively large scale (215 students over a period of 4 years) and the assessment of data coming from two sources: students' activity on the wiki (collected by a dedicated tracking tool) and students' perceptions regarding the use of wiki (collected by means of opinion surveys). Some lessons learned and potential solutions for further boosting student engagement and promoting collaboration in wiki-supported learning are also included in the paper.
New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data

To study the Earth system and to better understand the implications of global environmental change, there is a growing need for large-scale hydrographic data sets that serve as prerequisites in a variety of analyses and applications, ranging from regional watershed and freshwater conservation planning to global hydrological, climate, biogeochemical, and land surface modeling. Yet while countless hydrographic maps exist for well-known river basins and individual nations, there is a lack of seamless high-quality data on large scales such as continents or the entire globe. Data for many large international basins are patchy, and remote areas are often poorly mapped. In response to these limitations, a team of scientists has developed data and created maps of the world's rivers that provide the research community with more reliable information about where streams and watersheds occur on the Earth's surface and how water drains the landscape. The new product, known as HydroSHEDS (Hydrological Data and Maps Based on Shuttle Elevation Derivatives at Multiple Scales), provides this information at a resolution and quality unachieved by previous global data sets, such as HYDRO1k [U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 2000].
Investigation on MIMO Wideband Channel Model for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with Non-omnidirectional Antennas

In order to analyze channel characteristic of the unmanned aerial vehicles,according to the surrounding traits around the ground control station(GCS) and the non-omnidirectional multiple antennas system,the paper has presented and analyzed a three-dimensional geometrically-based single-bounce concentric-cylinders scattering(GBSBCCS) wideband channel model.According to the characteristic of non-isotropic scattering for the azimuth angle and asymmetrical distribution for the elevation angle,the terse joint space-time-frequency cross-correlation function is derived from the flying parameters in practice.The simplified validity and the factors of the correlation are analyzed in the simulation,and results show that the correlation scale of the space-time-frequency will be enlarged while the non-omnidirectional antennas are employed in the GCS,but the non-omnidirectional antennas used in the aircraft do not affect the correlation scale.
The named-state register file

This thesis introduces the Named-State Register File, a fine-grain, fully- associative register file. The NSF allows fast context switching between concurrent threads as well as efficient sequential program performance. The NSF holds more live data than conventional register files, and requires less spill and reload traffic to switch between contexts. This thesis demonstrates an implementation of the Named-State Register File and estimates the access time and chip area required for different organizations. Architectural simulations of large sequential and parallel applications show that the NSF can reduce execution time by 9\% to 17\% compared to alternative register files.
Evolutionary relationships among eubacterial groups as inferred from GroEL (chaperonin) sequence comparisons.

The essential GroEL proteins represent a subset of molecular chaperones ubiquitously distributed among species of the eubacterial lineage, as well as in eukaryote organelles. We employed these highly conserved proteins to infer eubacterial phylogenies. GroEL from the species analyzed clustered in distinct groups in evolutionary trees drawn by either the distance or the parsimony method, which were in general agreement with those found by 16S rRNA comparisons (i.e., proteobacteria, chlamydiae, bacteroids, spirochetes, firmicutes [gram-positive bacteria], and cyanobacteria-chloroplasts). Moreover, the analysis indicated specific relationships between some of the aforementioned groups which appeared not to be clearly defined or controversial in rRNA-based phylogenetic studies. For instance, a monophyletic origin for the low-G+C and high-G+C subgroups among the firmicutes, as well as their specific relationship to the cyanobacteria-chloroplasts, was inferred. The general observations suggest that GroEL proteins provide valuable evolutionary tools for defining evolutionary relationships among the eubacterial lineage of life.
The design and scale-up of spray dried particle delivery systems

ABSTRACT Introduction: The rising demand for pharmaceutical particles with tailored physicochemical properties has opened new markets for spray drying especially for solubility enhancement, improving inhalation medicines and stabilization of biopharmaceuticals. Despite this, the spray drying literature is scattered and often does not address the principles underpinning robust development of pharmaceuticals. It is therefore necessary to present clearer picture of the field and highlight the factors influencing particle design and scale-up. Areas covered: The review presents a systematic analysis of the trends in development of particle delivery systems using spray drying. This is followed by exploring the mechanisms governing particle formation in the process stages. Particle design factors including those of equipment configurations and feed/process attributes were highlighted. Finally, the review summarises the current industrial approaches for upscaling pharmaceutical spray drying. Expert opinion: Spray drying provides the ability to design particles of the desired functionality. This greatly benefits the pharmaceutical sector especially as product specifications are becoming more encompassing and exacting. One of the biggest barriers to product translation remains one of scale-up/scale-down. A shift from trial and error approaches to model-based particle design helps to enhance control over product properties. To this end, process innovations and advanced manufacturing technologies are particularly welcomed.
Soil Seed Bank and Natural Regeneration of Trees

The current trend of natural resources utilization, such as soils is getting incompatible with the natural, biological, physical and chemical processes of ecosystems. Excessive pressure of increasing agricultural production has exerted a negative impact on soil and its associated resources development. As the agricultural frontiers are getting exhausted in terms of productivity, immediate need has been developed to bring previously considered marginal and peripheral lands under cultivation by clearing forest resources by posing a sever threat to different ecosystems. Forest plantations are generally considered as efficient ways for the sustained development, rehabilitation and protection of land resources. Forest plantations will also provide other ecosystem services like, timber and associated products, control of soil erosion, edible fruits, shelter for wildlife, moderating climate and weather and carbon sequestration. Apart from this, forest plantations will serve a natural medium for the succession of the forest in the understory by moderating the microclimate and by creating the conducive environment for the proper functioning of dispersal agents and the soil seed bank regeneration process. The objective of this article is, therefore, to outline the soil seed bank elements and the natural regeneration process of trees as knowledge about soil seed bank and regeneration process plays a vital role in the proper management of forest development activities and understanding of forest dynamics.
Natural hybridization between two butter�y bushes in Tibet: dominance of F1 hybrids promotes strong reproductive isolation

Background: It has been recognized that certain amount of habitat disturbance is a prerequisite for occurrence of natural hybridization, yet we are currently still not aware of any studies exploring hybridization and reproductive barriers to those plants preferably occupying disturbed habitats. Buddleja plants (also called butter�y bush) generally grow in disturbed habitat, and several species with hybrid origin only on basis of morphology evidence have been proposed. Results: In the present study, we test the natural hybridization origin hypothesis of B. × wardii in two sympatric populations of three taxa including B. × wardii and its parents (B. alternifolia and B. crispa) plus 4 referenced parental populations, using four nuclear genes and three chloroplast intergenic spacers, as well as with 10 morphological characters. Our results suggest that at both sites B. × wardii was likely to be hybrids between B. alternifolia and B. crispa, and moreover, most of the hybrids examined were con�rmed to be F 1 s. This was further supported by morphology as no transgressive characters were detected. B. crispa was found to be the maternal parent in Bahe (BH) population from the cpDNA. While in the Taji (TJ) population was di�cult to distinguish the hybridization direction due to the shared haplotypes of cpDNA between B. alternifolia and B. crispa, we still predicted the similar unidirectional hybridization pattern due to results from cross-speci�c pollination treatments which supported the “SI x SC rule”. Conclusions: Hybrids mainly consisting of F 1 s can successfully impede gene �ow and thus maintain species boundaries of parental species in its typical distribution of Buddleja, i.e. disturbed habitats.
ASP, The Art and Science of Practice: What Employers Demand from Applicants for MBA-Level Supply Chain Jobs and the Coverage of Supply Chain Topics in MBA Courses

We analyzed the text of 704 online advertisements of supply chain management jobs for MBA graduates. The content analysis of these job advertisements provided us with a list of supply chain topics, such as inventory management and supply management, and general skills, such as communication and leadership; it also showed the proportion of advertisements requesting these skills. We measured the relative coverage of the same supply chain topics in MBA-level supply chain electives and operations management core courses in 21 of the top 50 business schools in the United States by analyzing the course descriptions and the cases used in these courses. This enabled us to compare the relative importance of supply chain topics to employers on the “demand” side with the relative importance of supply chain electives in MBA curricula on the “supply” side in these schools. Our analysis indicated that the supply usually matches demand; however, there may be an undersupply of practice- or process-oriented topics, such as forecasting, procurement, supplier and vendor management, and contracts and negotiation. In addition, there may be an oversupply of conceptual and strategy-oriented topics, such as product design, supply chain design, and emerging information technology and management information.
Higher surface Bowen ratios ineffective at increasing updraft intensity

The sensitivity of various metrics of convective intensity to changes in boundary layer depth via changes in the surface Bowen ratio is explored with radiative‐convective equilibrium (RCE) and initial condition simulations in the System for Atmospheric Modeling, a cloud‐resolving model. In the RCE simulations, high‐percentile updrafts showed little change in response to changes in the surface Bowen ratio. Initial condition simulations showed low surface Bowen ratios having stronger updrafts than high surface Bowen ratios. A parcel model was used to explore whether RCE results could be explained with an entrainment parameter independent of boundary layer depth. It was found that for every set of simulations in RCE, entrainment rates independent of boundary layer depth could explain the lack of change in updraft velocities with boundary layer depth. Given the indifference of high‐percentile updraft velocities in our simulations to changes in the surface Bowen ratio, we conclude that convective intensity as measured by this quantity in the cloud‐resolving model is not sensitive to this forcing.
A Systematic Study of the Structural and Magnetic Properties of Mn-, Co-, and Ni-Doped Colloidal Magnetite Nanoparticles

A series of colloidal MxFe3–xO4 (M = Mn, Co, Ni; x = 0–1) nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 6.8 to 11.6 nm was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction in aqueous medium at low temperature (200 °C). Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry confirm that the actual elemental compositions agree well with the nominal ones. The structural properties of the obtained nanoparticles were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Mossbauer spectroscopy, X-ray and neutron pair distribution function analysis, and electron microscopy. The results demonstrate that our synthesis technique leads to the formation of chemically uniform single-phase solid solution nanoparticles with cubic spinel structure, confirming intrinsic doping. The local structure of the Fe3O4 NPs is distorted with respect to the cubic inverse-spinel structure, while chemical substitution of Fe by Mn or Ni partially eliminates the local distortions. Magnetic studies showed that, in comp.