Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monte Carlo Simulation Methods for External Field Effects on Diffusion-Influenced Reactions

E-mail: hkim@donga.ac. krReceived November 9, 2013, Accepted December 6, 2013Key Words : Diffusion-reaction, Monte Carlo simulation, Field effects, One dimensionThe external field effects including gravitational, magnetic,and electric effects on diffusion-reaction systems are ubi-quitous in a broad range of chemical and biological systems.However, the theoretical approaches to study those effectshave been relatively rare because of their complexities. Theexact analytical results have been known only for simplesystems, especially in one dimension
Effects of environmental factors on low temperature anaerobic digestion of pig manure

In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of low temperature on biogas fermentation system. Biogas fermentation inoculum was domesticated at 4 °C, and subsequently inoculated into pig manure feedstock in a batch biogas fermentation process. A low-temperature biogas fermentation system was maintained at 9 °C, and its abiotic factors, bacterial community, and archaeal community were determined. The results showed that (1) the biogas fermentation lasted for 160 days, with a total gas production of 19,150 ml, including N2 production of 11,370 ml, CO2 production of 3,534 ml, and CH4 production of 3,031 ml. (2) The average relative abundance of the primary dominant bacterium operational taxonomic unit (OTU) was 30%, with 100% similarity to Pseudomonas caeni , atypical denitrifying bacterium. The average relative abundance of the secondary dominant bacterium OTU was 20.36%, with 99% similarity to Clostridium cellulovorans, a typical cellulose- and hemicellulose-degrading bacterium. The average relative abundance of the primary dominant methanogenic archaeon OTU was 7.22%, with 99% similarity to Methanosphaera cuniculi, a typical methylotrophic methanogen, and the secondary dominant methanogenic archaeon OTU had an average relative abundance of 4.15%, with 98% similarity to Methanocorpusculum sinense, a typical hydrogenotrophic methanogen. (3) The primary dominant bacterial genus Pseudomonas exhibited highly significant negative correlations with the dominant biogas-producing microorganisms such as Clostridium, Terrisporobacter, Turicibacter, Methanosphaera, and Methanocorpusculum. We concluded that (1) high concentrations of abiotic factors such as ammonia nitrogen, acetic acid, and propionic acid were important indicators of relatively poor operation of low-temperature biogas fermentation systems, while (2) high numbers of MCG archaea and Pseudomonas were important biotic factors showing comparatively poor operation of the system.
Quantum teleportation of single-mode thermal state of light field

The quantum teleportation of a single-mode thermal state of a light field is discussed using the projection synthesis technique in the Schrodinger picture. The statistical distance (SD) between the teleported input and output states is introduced to evaluate the efficiency of single-mode thermal state teleportation. For a given system and available entanglement, both the SD and classical boundary depend on the mean photon numbers of the teleported thermal light field. The dependences of the SD on the normalized classical gain, EPR (Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen) entanglement and mean photon numbers of the thermal field are calculated.
Geospatial Analysis of Cervical Cancer Distribution in South Sulawesi Province

Background: Cervical cancer, which is classified as a non-communicable disease, is a health problem that is of global concern at this time.1 Indonesia ranks second in the highest number of cervical cancer cases in the world with 32,469 cases per year. 1 For this reason, optimization efforts are carried out to prevent the increase in the prevalence of cervical cancer patients in the Province of South Sulawesi. Objective: The purpose of this study was to make a geospatial analysis of the distribution of cervical cancer patients. Methods: Geospatial analysis using Global Moran's I and Local Moran's I. Result: The results of the geospatial analysis of the prevalence of cervical cancer in South Sulawesi Province show that in 2016 there were two spatial hotspot clusters (H-H), one coldspot spatial cluster (L-L), two spatial outlier clusters (H-L), and one spatial outlier cluster (L-H). In 2019, there were only two spatial hotspot clusters. Geospatial analysis of the prevalence of cervical cancer shows an increase in efforts to prevent cervical cancer from 2016 to 2019. However, there are still spatial hotspot clusters in 2019, especially in rural areas. Conclusion: The efforts to prevent cervical cancer need to be optimized, especially in rural areas, in the future.
A multigrid immersed boundary method for the CFD solver Horses3D

One of the main bottleneck in high order simulations is the generation of high order meshes. The Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) [1] is a promising approach for overcom-ing such problem, indeed it allows to deal with complex geometries not requiring curved meshes. The IBM is handle through the volume penalization approach which consists in the application of a source term to the Navier-Stokes equations [2, 3]. The source term is applied on points lying inside the body that are identified thanks to a mask generated with a ray-tracing technique. The latter procedure can be easily automatized providing a fast and effective tool to get a solution starting from a CAD geometry. Moreover, IBM can be coupled with hp-refinement in the high order framework making it attractive for industrial applications. In the present work we implement a volume penalization IBM for 3-dimensional simulation for the Horses3D solver [5]. Exploiting the capability of Horses3D, we have coupled the IBM with a multigrid method [4] in the Discontinuous Spectral Galerkin framework. Numerical experiments with different geometries are presented in order to validate the results obtained with Horses3D.
A new Distinct Element meso‐model for simulating the rocking‐dominated seismic response of RC columns

The rocking‐dominated seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) columns is a complex mechanism that entails P‐Δ effects, concrete crushing and spalling, rupture and dislocation of steel bars and stirrups, as well as combined localized failures causing splitting and shear‐flexure cracking. In this paper, we present a new meso‐scale numerical modeling strategy for the detailed simulation of the rocking response of slender RC columns under seismic actions. This work advances the current state‐of‐the‐art by exploring the unprecedented use of the Distinct Element Method (DEM), originally conceived for geotechnical studies and whose applicability in earthquake engineering has been primarily limited to the assessment of unreinforced masonry sub‐structures. To decrease analysis time and enable the use of DEM for RC problems, concrete is herein idealized as an assembly of solid macro‐block layers of size directly proportional to their distance from expected plastic hinges. These layers are connected by nonlinear interface springs to simulate tensile and shear cracking via a simplified Mohr‐Coulomb criterion. Crushing of concrete in deformable blocks is modeled using the Feenstra and De Borst strain‐softening linearized compression law, while confinement and combined failures are accounted for numerically through the explicit representation of longitudinal and transversal reinforcement bars, idealized as link elements. Previous experimental static and dynamic tests on full‐scale RC column specimens and results from fiber‐based Finite Element and sectional analysis models are used to evaluate DEM results and quantify the influence of key modeling parameters, including block number and deformability, as well as the amount of damping. The agreement between simulated failure modes and force and displacement capacities and their experimental counterparts demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach, while demonstrating the pros and cons of simplified numerical methods.
A fully digital open‐loop clock and data synchronizer for ultra‐low power super‐regenerative receivers

In this paper, a clock and data synchronizer (CDS) is presented to improve channel selectivity of digitally assisted super‐regenerative receivers (SRRs). The proposed CDS performs phase and frequency adjustment of the quench signal using a fully digital open‐loop architecture removing the need for conventional phase‐locked loop (PLL) architectures. The required signal shaping of the recovered data is also performed by the proposed CDS to restore the nonreturn‐to‐zero data format without using any pulse width expander or sample and hold circuit. A multichannel SRR is implemented employing the proposed CDS where a Q‐enhancement procedure is also adopted to further improve the channel selectivity. The proposed SRR operates at 2.4‐GHz ISM band and supports a data rate of 1 Mb/s, while the sensitivity is about −88 dBm, and the selectivity is better than −18 dB at a 10‐MHz offset frequency. Implemented using a 0.18‐μm standard CMOS process and with a 1.1‐V supply voltage, the proposed SRR consumes about 0.4 mW.
Field induced transitions in smectic a phases

Résumé. 2014 Des transitions de l’orientation moléculaire induites par un champ électrique ou magnétique ont été mises en évidence dans différents composes smectiques A. Deux régimes de distorsion ont été observés : 2014 près de la transition smectique A ~ nématique, une distorsion périodique, de vecteur d’onde perpendiculaire au plan (n, n0) ; 2014 plus basse température, deux réseaux périodiques de défauts, perpendiculaires au plan (n, permettent le pliage des couches. Les dépendances du champ seuil en fonction de l’épaisseur de l’échantillon et de la température, et la variation de l’angle de basculement des molécules en fonction du champ appliqué sont discutées pour le second régime de distorsion. Abstract. 2014 Observations of electric and magnetic field induced transitions of the molecular orientation in smectics A are presented. Two regimes of distortion can be distinguished : 2014 close to the nematic/smectic A transition, a periodic distortion appears with a wave vector normal to the plane (n, n0). 2014 for lower temperatures, two periodic arrays of defects, normal to the plane (n, n0), allow for the folding of the smectic layers. The dependence of threshold field versus sample thickness and temperature, and the variation of the tilt angle of the molecules versus applied field are discussed for the second regime of distortion.
Bayesian Maximum Posterior Probability Method for Interpreting Plutonium Urinalysis Data

A new internal dosimetry code for interpreting urinalysis data in terms of radionuclide intakes is described for the case of plutonium. The mathematical method is to maximise the Bayesian posterior probability using an entropy function as the prior probability distribution. A software package (MEMSYS) developed for image reconstruction is used. Some advantages of the new code are that it ensures positive calculated doses, it smooths out fluctuating data, and it provides an estimate of the propagated uncertainty in the calculated doses.
Galaxy Morphology and Classification: Object index

Contents Frontispiece Preface 1. Introduction 2. The Hubble classification scheme 3. De Vaucouleurs' systems 4. Elmegreen's classification of spirals 5. Van den Bergh's classification of galaxies 6. Morgan's classification scheme 7. Galactic bars 8. Elliptical galaxies 9. The S0 spiral 10. Early-type galaxies 11. Dwarf spheroidal galaxies 12. Low surface brightness galaxies 13. Morphology of active galaxies 14. Evolution of galaxy morphology 15. Computer classification of galaxies 16. Problems, challenges and conclusions References Index.
Recent developments in nonlinear stochastic modelling of social processes

After a brief review of social applications of Markov chains, the paper discusses nonlinear (“interactive”) Markov models in discrete and continuous time. The rather subtle relationship between the deterministic and stochastic versions of such models is explored by means of examples. It is shown that the behaviour of nonlinear systems over time periods of practical interest depends critically on the total size as well as on the system parameters. Particular attention is paid to strong and weak forms of quasi-stationarity exhibited by stochastic systems. Cet article propose d'abord une breve revue des applications sociales des chaǐnes markoviennes suivie d'une discussion des modeles markoviens non lineaires (interactifs) a temps continu et discret. A l'aide d'exemples, nous etudions les relations plutot subtiles qui existent entre les versions deterministique et stochastique de ces modeles. Il est demontre que le comportement d'une systeme non lineaire au cours d'une periode de temps predeterminee depend surtout de la grandeur totale du systeme considere ainsi que de ses parametres. La quasi-stationnarite faible et forte des systemes stochastiques fait l'objet de la derniere section de l'article.
Impact of device configuration on the temperature instability of Al–Zn–Sn–O thin film transistors

We compared the effect of the temperature on the device stability of Al–Zn–Sn–O (AZTO) thin film transistors (TFTs) with top gate and bottom gate architectures. While the bottom gate device without any passivation layer on the AZTO channel layer showed a large threshold voltage (Vth) shift of 1.6 V after heating it from 298 to 398 K, the naturally passivated top gate device exhibited a smaller Vth shift of 0.6 V. This different behavior is discussed based on the concept of the thermal activation energy of the subthreshold drain current. It is proposed that the suitable passivation and lower interfacial trap density for the top gate TFT are responsible for its superior temperature stability compared to the bottom gate device.
IUE observations of Centaurus X-4 during the 1979 May outburst

Ultraviolet spectrophotometry of the X-ray transient/burst source Centaurus X-4 at several intervals during the peak and decay of the May 1979 X-ray transient event was obtained. The spectrum was characterized by a blue continuum with alpha = 0.0 + or - 0.3 (F/nu/ varies as nu to the alpha power) and strong emission lines of N V lambda 1240, C IV lambda 1550, and Si IV lambda 1398. The relative intensities of the emission lines and the ratio of line to continuum strengths remained nearly constant during the decline. The emission lines may have arisen from a 'disk chromosphere', from X-ray heating of the K4 V companion star, or both. The ultraviolet data are combined with previously published optical and X-ray data to determine some of the physical characteristics of the system and to show that X-ray reprocessing plays an important role in producing the optical and ultraviolet continua.
Food-Based Intervention Strategies for Iron Deficiency Prevention

: An urgent issue in the development of food technologies is the creation of biologically complete foods. It is well-known that deficiency of various elements has noticeable effects on human health. One of these areas is devoted to solving the problem of preventing iron deficiency states. Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia are common medical conditions worldwide. The analysis of statistics and the accumulation of new scientific facts about the pathological processes associated with iron deficiency provide grounds for confirming the fact that the fight against this phenomenon is an actual process. Current strategies for the prevention of this condition, one way or another related to food. The analysis of scientific publications made it possible to identify the main food-based intervention strategies: food and nutrition education with food diversification, biofortification, iron supplementation, iron fortification of certain foods and food-to-food fortification. Finally, we discuss these strategies for prevention of iron deficiency.
Fabrication of GaN suspended microstructures

We report on a versatile processing technology for the fabrication of micro-electromechanical systems in gallium nitride (GaN). This technology, which is an extension of photo-electrochemical etching, allows for the controlled and rapid undercutting of p-GaN epilayers. The control is achieved through the use of opaque metal masks to prevent etching in designated areas, while the high lateral etch rates are achieved by biasing the sample relative to the solution. For GaN microchannel structures processed in this way, undercutting rates in excess of 30 μm/min have been attained. We propose two mechanisms to account for these high etch rates.
Surface plasmon waveguiding and detection: dielectric-loaded metal surfaces

Dielectric thin films on a metal surface are an efficient means in terms of effective index contrast to realize optical elements for surface plasmon (SPs). We show that laterally structured thin films can on one hand be applied as SP lenses or prisms. On the other hand, they can be applied as SP waveguides, including bends and couplers.
The combined effects of hydrodynamic interactions and Brownian motion on the orientation of particles flowing through fixed beds

In a previous publication [Phys. Fluids 31, 728 (1988)], the evolution of the orientation distribution in a dilute suspension of axisymmetric ‘‘tracer’’ particles flowing through a bed of fixed fibers or spheres was determined under conditions in which hydrodynamic interactions played a dominant role in determining particle orientation. In this paper, the previous results are extended to account for the effects of Brownian motion on the tracer particles and for different configuration statistics of the force in the fixed bed. In the former case, orientational evolution equations are developed and solutions obtained that are valid for large values of the rotary Peclet number (the parameter regime of greatest interest). In the latter case, it is demonstrated that, when the disturbance flow ceases to have fore–aft symmetry, a small orientational drift and dispersion are introduced into the resulting evolution equations. The latter effects are particularly important since they will occur in all fixed beds bec.
Shear inhomogeneity in poly(ethylene oxide) melts

The nonlinear rheological behavior of entangled poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) melts was studied by particle-tracking velocimetry (PTV) technique in a cone-plate geometry. In the absence of wall slip, the PEO melts exhibited internal macroscopic motions after shear cessation, when the imposed strain was larger than a critical value (between 1 and 1.5 strain units). This nonquiescent relaxation behavior of entangled melts has only recently been reported once in the literature involving a room temperature melt, and our work is the first PTV observation of nonquiescent relaxation at high temperature.
OPEN PROBLEMS FOR THE SECOND 2022 BARBADOS WORKSHOP MAINTAINED BY TUNG H. NGUYEN

Problem 1. Let us suppose that we are asked to construct a perfectly matched k-partite graph for some large k, and we are given control of n (that is, we can make the size of the bags very large if we so wish) and of the matchings we put between bags. Subject to this, what kinds of constraints can we hope to satisfy when constructing our graph? For instance, with a bit of work, we can always ensure that for any fixed g, our perfectly matched k-partite graph has girth at least g (the proof I have uses really large bags though – something like (g! ) g ; is it possible to do better? ). But what about other constraints? When making k large, can we for instance always arrange to have “small” treewidth? What about other parameters? What about avoiding various induced subgraphs other than small cycles?
Advancing the Remote Sensing of Precipitation

Author(s): Sorooshian, S; Aghakouchak, A; Arkin, P; Eylander, J; Foufoula-Georgiou, E; Harmon, R; Hendrickx, JMH; Imam, B; Kuligowski, R; Skahill, B; Skofronick-Jackson, G | Abstract: Satellite-based global precipitation data has addressed the limitations of rain gauges and weather radar systems in forecasting applications and for weather and climate studies. Inspite of this ability, a number of issues that require the development of advanced concepts to address key challenges in satellite-based observations of precipitation were identified during the Advanced Concepts Workshop on Remote Sensing of Precipitation at Multiple Scales at the University of California. These include quantification of uncertainties of individual sensors and their propagation into multisensor products warrants a great deal of research. The development of metrics for validation and uncertainty analysis are of great importance. Bias removal, particularly probability distribution function (PDF)-based adjustment, deserves more in-depth research. Development of a near-real-time probabilistic uncertainty model for satellitebased precipitation estimates is highly desirable.
Tubulin posttranslational modifications modify the atypical spermatozoon centriole

Sperm cells are transcriptionally and translationally silent. Therefore, they may use one of the remaining mechanisms to respond to stimuli in their environment, the post-translational modification of their proteins. Here we examined three post-translational modifications, acetylation, glutamylation, and glycylation of the protein tubulin in human and cattle sperm. Tubulin is the monomer that makes up microtubules, and microtubules constitute the core component of both the sperm centrioles and the axoneme. We found that the sperm of both species were labeled by antibodies against acetylated tubulin and glutamylated tubulin.
Mangroves and multiplications: Influence of genome duplications on salt tolerance

Whole‐genome duplication (WGD) is an important force in plant diversification and novel environment adaptation. Various hypotheses have been proposed on the mechanism of how WGD influences this evolutionary process from chromosome recombination to genetic diversity (Qi et al., 2021). In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Xu et al. (2022) conduct a comparative transcriptome study across species to investigate the effects of WGD on plant adaptation and the differentiation of paralogues within two distantly related mangrove species (Xu et al., 2021). They identify retained WGD‐derived duplicate pairs, assess their contributions to the salt tolerance phenotype, and propose a model for adaptation expansion in mangroves through the neofunctionalization of WGD‐derived duplicate genes. Their results show that neofunctionalized copies of known salt tolerance‐related genes show upregulated expression in fluctuating salinity (i.e., fresh and hypersaline) compared to the optimal medium salinity environment. This suggests that after WGD, retained duplicates increase genomic plasticity allowing for adaptation to new and unstable environments.