Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Improved Method for the Determination of the Pulse Transmission Characteristics of Arteries in Vivo

On the basis of the theory of wave transmission lines, an improved method is described which permits the determination of the complex propagation coefficient of arteries from the Fourier components of natural pressure pulses. This coefficient is composed of the damping constant (a) and the phase constant (/? ). In the arterial system, there is always a superposition of forward- and backwardtraveling waves, the interrelationship of which is not known to the investigators. Therefore, we have to deal with an additional unknown, and at least three independent measurements are necessary. Previous methods required recordings of three or four variables, such as pressure, flow, and/or diameter. In the new procedure, only two recordings of pressure are needed. This is made possible by occluding the artery directly behind the distal measuring point so that total positive reflection occurs and a defined relationship between forward and backward waves is brought about. This method is applied in the common carotid arteries of nine dogs. By the additional recording of the arterial diameter by means of a photoelectric device, the characteristic impedance (Z) is also determined. For the frequency range of 1.25-12 Hz, a was found to increase from 0.003 to 0.01 Neper/cm, and /J from 0.02 to 0.1 radian/cm. The phase velocity was 9-11 m/sec. The modulus of Z was between 7,000 and 12,000 CGS units and dropped slightly with increasing frequency. The results are compared with those of other authors, and the accuracy of the various methods is discussed. Cine Res 44: 630-636, 1979
Has the Volatility of U.S. Inflation Changed and How?

The local level model with stochastic volatility, recently proposed for U.S. Inflation by Stock and Watson (Why Has U.S. Inflation Become Harder to Forecast? , Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Supplement to Vol. 39, No. 1, February 2007), provides a simple yet sufficiently rich framework for characterizing the evolution of the main stylized facts concerning the U.S. inflation. The model decomposes inflation into a permanent component, evolving as a random walk, and a transitory component. The volatility of the disturbances driving both components is allowed to vary over time. The paper provides a full Bayesian analysis of this model and readdresses some of the main issues that were raised by the literature concerning the evolution of persistence and predictability and the extent and timing of the great moderation. The assessment of various nested models of inflation volatility and systematic model selection provide strong evidence in favor of a model with heteroscedastic disturbances in the permanent component, whereas the transitory component has time invariant size. The main evidence is that the great moderation is over, and that volatility, persistence and predictability of inflation underwent a turning point around 1995. During the last decade, volatility and persistence have been increasing and predictability has been going down.
Yes It Can

Understanding the division of labor between conscious processes and unconscious ones is central to our understanding of the human mind. This article proposes a simple “Yes It Can” (or YIC) principle: It argues that unconscious processes can perform the same fundamental, high-level functions that conscious processes can perform. The author presents considerations of evolutionary pressures and of the availability of mental resources that render YIC a reasonable hypothesis. Evidence is then reviewed from various subfields of the cognitive sciences, which shows that functions that were traditionally thought of as requiring consciousness can occur nonconsciously. On the basis of these data and arguments, it is proposed that an answer to the question “What is it that consciousness does? ” would not be in the form of “Consciousness is necessary for F,” where F is a fundamental, high-level cognitive function. In Marr’s (1982) terms, the argument is that computationally conscious and unconscious processes are very similar. Yet differences in how these processes kick in and in the ways in which they play out (Marr’s algorithmic-representational level) are likely to have interesting implications for human cognition, motivation, and emotion.
Connecting Animals and Children in Early Childhood by Patty Born Selly (review)

as well as information on how to view operation migration’s “crane cam” and website (p. 160). Van Dooren states, “through each of these avian case studies, Flight Ways explores new modes of storytelling. ultimately, it offers a call for stories, a call for new ways for figuring our place in and obligations to a rapidly changing world” (p. 18). What one must question is whether or not this is enough at such a serious time of rapidly disappearing life forms. Van Dooren quotes many other authors to validate his research, which is fine when the dates of their works apply to historical facts and figures. however, suggestions for present-day action could use more up-todate listings. Van Dooren attempts to examine different understandings of extinction than those based on “human exceptionalism,” which views humans as “fundamentally set apart from all other animals and the rest of the ‘natural’ world” (p. 5). instead, this book examines the many ways in which humankind is connected to and responsible for those lives which are being lost, implicated in “the lives of disappearing others” (p. 5), with its inherent suffering and violence. he urges more consideration of the “ethical weight of our destructive actions in these places” (p. 9), while stating that “we have not yet found good enough ways of thinking through what extinction is and what it means” (p. 147). While important, at such a critical point in time, it would have been more helpful had the author provided concrete—perhaps novel—and more specific solutions to these problems. Altogether, this is a well-researched book. it contains poetic phraseology that the author uses to invite the reader to perceive and consider in this time of grave events and circumstances in the disappearing avian world. Connecting Animals and Children in Early Childhood. By Patty Born selly. (st. Paul, mn: redleaf Press, 2014. 171 pp. Paperback. isBn: 978-1-60554-156-3.)
Inactivation of Basolateral Amygdala Specifically Eliminates Palatability-Related Information in Cortical Sensory Responses

Evidence indirectly implicates the amygdala as the primary processor of emotional information used by cortex to drive appropriate behavioral responses to stimuli. Taste provides an ideal system with which to test this hypothesis directly, as neurons in both basolateral amygdala (BLA) and gustatory cortex (GC)—anatomically interconnected nodes of the gustatory system—code the emotional valence of taste stimuli (i.e., palatability), in firing rate responses that progress similarly through “epochs. ” The fact that palatability-related firing appears one epoch earlier in BLA than GC is broadly consistent with the hypothesis that such information may propagate from the former to the latter. Here, we provide evidence supporting this hypothesis, assaying taste responses in small GC single-neuron ensembles before, during, and after temporarily inactivating BLA in awake rats. BLA inactivation (BLAx) changed responses in 98% of taste-responsive GC neurons, altering the entirety of every taste response in many neurons. Most changes involved reductions in firing rate, but regardless of the direction of change, the effect of BLAx was epoch-specific: while firing rates were changed, the taste specificity of responses remained stable; information about taste palatability, however, which normally resides in the “Late” epoch, was reduced in magnitude across the entire GC sample and outright eliminated in most neurons. Only in the specific minority of neurons for which BLAx enhanced responses did palatability specificity survive undiminished. Our data therefore provide direct evidence that BLA is a necessary component of GC gustatory processing, and that cortical palatability processing in particular is, in part, a function of BLA activity.
The Complete CFO Handbook: From Accounting to Accountability

Preface. About the Authors. Chapter 1. The Changing role of the CFO: From Accounting to Accountable. Part One. Funding. Chapter 2. Capital Structure Decisions. Chapter 3. Types of Debt Financing. Chapter 4. Equity Funding. Chapter 5. Structured Financing: Asset Securitization and Structured Notes. Part Two. Strategy, Taxes, and risk Management. Chapter 6. Strategy and Financial Planning. Chapter 7. Basics of Corporate Taxes and Tax risk Management. Chapter 8. Corporate Risk Management. Part Three. Performance Evaluation. Chapter 9. Financial Ratio Analysis. Chapter 10. Cash Flow Analysis. Chapter 11. Decentralized Operations and responsibility Accounting. Chapter 12. Responsibility Center Performance Evaluation. Chapter 13. Transfer Pricing. Part Four. Asset Management. Chapter 14. Capital Budgeting and Cash Flow Analysis. Chapter 15. Capital Budgeting Techniques. Chapter 16. Capital Budgeting and Risk. Chapter 17. Leasing. Chapter 18. Managing Short-Term Assets. Part Five. Cost and Managerial Accounting. Chapter 19. Classifying Costs. Chapter 20. Costing and Control of Materials, Labor, and Factory Overhead. Chapter 21. Job Order and Process Costing. Chapter 22. Joint Product and Byproduct Costing. Chapter 23. Master Budget. Chapter 24. Standard Costing. Chapter 25. Direct and Absorption Costing. Index.
Social Security and Equilibrium Capital Intensity

I. The theory of social security and life cycle savings, 234. —II. Social security and the steady state capital stock in a life cycle economy, 237. —III. Partial equilibrium effect, 239. —IV. General equilibrium changes in capital intensity, 241. —V. Alternative specifications and some macro issues, 247. —VI. Summary and conclusion, 248. —Appendix A, 249. —Appendix B, 251.
The ‘Dole or Drudgery’ Dilemma: Education, the Work Ethic and Unemployment

Before the recession, Labour ministers claimed that much unemployment in the UK was voluntary. While social policy authors have repeatedly countered such claims by stressing that unemployed people generally possess a strong work ethic and employment commitment, their accounts typically neglect the role that choosiness in job search behaviour plays in deciding individuals’ employment status. Fifty in-depth interviews with both unemployed and employed respondents exposed considerable diversity in attitudes towards ‘dole’ (being unemployed and claiming unemployment benefits) and ‘drudgery’ (doing less attractive jobs). The more educated were more likely to prefer ‘dole’ to ‘drudgery’ (this was also found using National Child Development Study survey data), yet they usually found jobs despite their greater choosiness. Those with very low educational attainment often desperately wanted jobs but could not find them due to their low employability – which might offer an explanation for the often replicated ( yet paradoxical) finding that unemployed people generally exhibit a strong work ethic and pro-employment attitudes and behaviours. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the scope for many Jobseeker’s Allowance claimants to increase their net income by undertaking an unattractive job is greater than social policy authors often imply. The question of ‘who must do the least attractive jobs? ’ has been neglected by both social policy academics and policy-makers.
The Doric Order: Hellenistic Critics and Criticism

Many authorities on ancient Greek architecture state that during the fourth century B.C. the Doric order was in a decline, and that by the Hellenistic period it was virtually abandoned for temples. The archaeological evidence, it is argued, seems to bear this out. Doric temples were built during this period, but they can be dismissed, for instance by Dinsmoor (Architecture of Ancient Greece 267) as ‘for the most part imitations of earlier works, and completion of earlier undertakings, together with a few sporadic but minor structures in which the style was adopted for conservative reasons’. It is clear, however, that the objection was not against the Doric order as such, since it was employed in all Greek areas to the virtual exclusion of the other orders (at any rate externally) in such buildings as stoas, of which large numbers were constructed during this period. We are to suppose, therefore, that it was only for temples that the other orders, Ionic and Corinthian, were considered superior to Doric, and that it was this belief that led to the decline and eventual abandoning of the Doric order. Since Vitruvius (iv 3.1) refers to statements by certain distinguished architects of the period to the effect that Doric was not suitable for temples, it would seem that the case is proved; moreover we are given the causes of this revulsion, quod mendosae et disconvenientes in his symmetriae conficiebantur, and more specifically, quod impedita est distributio et incommoda in opere triglyphorum et lacunariorum. The problems caused by the corner triglyphs in Doric buildings have been admirably expounded by Professor Robertson, and it is not my purpose to discuss them further. I intend instead to discuss whether their effects, during the Hellenistic period, were quite as catastrophic as have been thought.
Benefits of Switching from Typical to Atypical Antipsychotic Medications: A Longitudinal Study in a Community-Based Setting

Objective: This study examines the clinical and resource utilization effects of switching stable outpatients with schizophrenia from a typical to an atypical antipsychotic medication. Method: We monitored 43 schizophrenia patients from a community mental health program who tolerated switching from typical to atypical antipsychotic medications. We used the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Lehman Quality of Life Interview (QOL), and service utilization data for 2 years before and 2 years after the switch. Results: The switch to atypical antipsychotics was associated with significant improvements in positive symptoms, in general psychopathology, and in quality of life. Resource requirements, including case-management and crisis services and hospitalization days, were significantly reduced. We observed no changes in the sample's already low levels of negative symptoms. Conclusions: In stable outpatients with schizophrenia in a real-world setting, switching to an atypical antipsychotic can result in sustained, significant improvement in clinical response and quality of life, as well as in reduced need for hospitalization and community support,.
Bile Acids Increase Independently From Hypocaloric Restriction After Bariatric Surgery

Objectives: To measure changes in the composition of serum bile acids (BA) and the expression of Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) acutely after bariatric surgery or caloric restriction. Summary Background Data: Metabolic improvement after bariatric surgery occurs before substantial weight loss. BA are important metabolic regulators acting through the farnesoid X receptor and TGR5 receptor. The acute effects of surgery on BA and the TGR5 receptor in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) are unknown. Methods: A total of 27 obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomized to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or to hypocaloric diet (HC diet) restriction (NCT 1882036). A cohort of obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing vertical sleeve gastrectomy was also recruited (n = 12) as a comparison. Results: After vertical sleeve gastrectomy, the level of BA increased [total: 1.17 ± 1.56 &mgr;mol/L to 4.42 ± 3.92 &mgr;mol/L (P = 0.005); conjugated BA levels increased from 0.99 ± 1.42 &mgr;mol/L to 3.59 ± 3.70 &mgr;mol/L (P = 0.01) and unconjugated BA levels increased from 0.18 ± 0.24 &mgr;mol/L to 0.83 ± 0.70 &mgr;mol/L (P = 0.009)]. With RYGB, there was a trend toward increased BA [total: 1.37 ± 0.97 &mgr;mol/L to 3.26 ± 3.01 &mgr;mol/L (P = 0.07); conjugated: 1.06 ± 0.81 &mgr;mol/L to 2.99 ± 3.02 &mgr;mol/L (P = 0.06)]. After HC diet, the level of unconjugated BA decreased [0.92 ± 0.55 &mgr;mol/L to 0.32 ± 0.43 &mgr;mol/L (P = 0.05)]. The level of WAT TGR5 gene expression decreased after surgery, but not in HC diet. Protein levels did not change. Conclusions: The levels of serum BA increase after bariatric surgery independently from caloric restriction, whereas the level of WAT TGR5 protein is unaffected.
Towards Improving the Quality of Mobile Apps by Leveraging Crowdsourced Feedback. (Vers l'Amélioration de la Qualité des Applications Mobiles en Utilisant des Données Collectées sur les Utilisateurs)

The development of mobile applications (apps) is exploding, largely due to the widespread use of mobile devices. App stores (e.g., Google Play) are the common distribution channels for apps. The excessive competition in current app markets is forcing app vendors to release high-quality apps. In fact, previous studies have repeatedly demonstrated that app users are intolerant to quality issues (e.g., crashes, unresponsive apps). Users who encounter issues frequently uninstall apps and move to alternative apps. Hence, quickly detecting and preventing issues is crucial for staying competitive in the market. Although developers use emulators and test apps before deployment, many bugs emerge in the wild. Developing apps which run without errors along time remains a primary concern for app developers. The big challenge is that the environment is out of the app developers’ control. More specifically, the mobile ecosystem faces rapid platform evolution (OSs, APIs), high device fragmentation, and high diversity of execution contexts (networks, locations, sensors). This thesis introduces a new generation of app stores—App Store 2.0, which exploit crowdsourced information about apps, devices and users to increase the overall quality of the delivered mobile apps. App stores already have access to these different types of crowds. We claim that app stores can exploit the wisdom of the crowd to distill actionable insights from the feedback returned by the crowds. These actionable insights assist app developers to deal with potential errors and threats that affect their apps prior to publication or even when the apps are in the hands of end-users. We sketch a prototype of the envisioned app store for Android apps. We validate the proposed solution with real bugs and apps. Our results have proven the applicability and feasibility of our approach. These new app stores have the potential to reduce human effort and save precious time for developers, which is a decisive factor for the success of mobile apps in current app markets.
The structure of torsion abelian groups given by presentations

If each of the elements in R involves only one generator in X, then G(X, R) is a direct sum of cyclic groups. On the other hand, if G is any abelian group, then GÇ=G(X, i? ), where each element in R involves at most three generators in X; indeed this isomorphism results if we take X = G and R equal to the set of all elements in F o of the form x+y~ z, where z = x+y in G. Our purpose here is to investigate the structure of the group G(X, R) in the intermediate case when each of the elements of R involves at most two generators, and G(X, R) is a torsion group. We can evidently restrict our attention to ^-groups, and in this case it is easily seen that G(X, R)=G(X', i? ')> where each element in R' is of one of the forms px or px — y.
Microsatellite instability, prognosis and drug sensitivity of stage II and III colorectal cancer: more complexity to the puzzle.

CRA3507. 21. Goldberg RM, Sargent DJ, Thibodeau SN, et al. Adjuvant mFOLFOX6 plus or minus cetuximab (Cmab) in patients (pts) with KRAS mutant (m) resected stage III colon cancer (CC): NCCTG Intergroup Phase III Trial N0147. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(suppl 15). Abstract 3508. 22. Jatoi A, Green EM, Rowland KM Jr, Sargent DJ, Alberts SR. Clinical predictors of severe cetuximab-induced rash: observations from 933 patients enrolled in North Central Cancer Treatment Group Study N0147. Oncology. 2009;77(2):120–123. Affiliations of authors: Digestive Oncology Unit, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (ST); Center for Human Genetics O&N1, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (ST, ZS); Département de formation et recherche (DFR), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Head Bioinformatics Core Facility (BCF), SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland (MD); Institute of Pathology, Centre HospitalierUniversitaireVaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (FB); Oncosurgery unit, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva,
Attitudes vs Actions. 1934.

simply, a conditioned response to social stimuli 1 . Terminological usage differs, but students who have concerned themselves with attitudes apparently agree that they are acquired out of social experience and provide the individual organism with some degree of preparation to adjust, in a well-defined way, to certain types of social situations if and when these situations arise. It would seem, therefore, that the totality of the social attitudes of a single individual would include all his socially acquired personality which is involved in the making of adjustments to other human beings. But by derivation social attitudes are seldom more than a verbal response to a symbolic situation. For the conventional method of measuring social attitudes is to ask questions (usually in writing) which demand a verbal adjustment to an entirely symbolic situation. Because it is easy, cheap, and mechanical, the attitudinal questionnaire is rapidly becoming a major method of sociological and socio-psychological investigation. The technique is simple. Thus from a hundred or a thousand responses to the question ‘‘Would you get up to give an Armenian woman your seat in a street car? ’’ the investigator derives the ‘‘attitude’’ of non-Armenian males towards Armenian females. Now the question may be constructed with elaborate skill and hidden with consummate cunning in a maze of supplementary or even irrelevant questions yet all that has been obtained is a symbolic response to a symbolic situation. The words ‘‘Armenian woman’’ do not constitute an Armenian woman of flesh and blood, who might be tall or squat, fat or thin, old or young, well or poorly dressed – who might, in fact, be a goddess or just another old and dirty hag. And the questionnaire response, whether it be ‘‘yes’’ or ‘‘no’’, is but a verbal reaction and this does not involve rising from the seat or stolidly avoiding the hurt eyes of the hypothetical woman and the derogatory states of other street-car occupants. Yet, ignoring these limitations, the diligent investigator will jump briskly from his factual evidence to the unwarranted conclusion that he has measured the ‘‘anticipatory behavior patterns’’ of non-Armenian males towards Armenian females encountered on street cars. Usually he does not stop here, but proceeds to deduce certain general conclusions regarding the social relationships between Armenians and non-Armenians. Most of us have applied the questionnaire technique with greater caution, but not I fear with any greater certainty of success. Some years ago I endeavoured to obtain comparative