Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NIDIFICACIÓN DEL ALCAUDÓN REAL, LANIUS MERIDIONALIS, EN AGROSISTEMAS DEL NORTE DE ESPAÑA

El sustrato vegetal mas utilizado por el alcaudon real, Lanius meridionalis, en agrosistemas del norte de Espana fue el de arbustos, tanto espinosos (sobre todo zarzamora, Rubus ulmifolius) como no espi- nosos (sobre todo coscoja, Quercus coccifera). Algunas parejas nidificaron en montones de sarmientos (ramas podadas de vid, Vitis viniera hecho no registrado hasta ahora en la bibliografia publicada. En el 64,4% de las puestas volo al menos un pollo. Los nidos situados a mayor altura y profundidad en el sustrato vegetal registraron mayor porcentaje de exitos. El tamano de puesta y el tamano de nidada se relacionaron negativamente con el porcentaje de cultivos de cereal y positivamente con el porcentaje de olivares y almendrales en circulos de 1 km de diametro alrededor del nido. Se discute la posible influencia de la vegetacion sobre la nidificacion del alcaudon real en los agrosistemas.
Intelectuais e Perspectiva

Previous research on reading for academic purposes has concentrated on strategies characterizing "the good" and "the poor" reader. Using various methods, researchers have tried to identify sets of strategies, which lead readers to success or failure in academic reading. This approach seems to assume that a given set of strategies may account for success or failure in reading, and that "poor" readers may be trained to adopt "good" reading behavior once they adopt the recommended set of strategies. Contrary to this approach, an in-depth mentalistic study of ten university candidates (Sarig, in press ) showed that readers differ in the sets of strategies which allow them to either succeed or fail in high-level reading tasks.
Disaggregated Imaging Spacecraft Constellation Optimization with a Genetic Algorithm

Abstract : This research is an extension of work by Major Robert Thompson, who uses a genetic algorithm to optimize certain parameters of a disaggregated constellation for most cost-effective coverage. This work looks at imaging sensor coverage of a specific target deck assumed to exist in the Middle East. Parameters varied in this optimization affect Walker constellation characteristics, orbital elements, and sensor size. Walker parameter variables are number of planes, number of satellites per plane, true anomaly spread, and RAAN increment. All classical orbital elements are variable, although a circular, low-Earth orbit is assumed. Sensor size is varied dependent upon sensor diameter. These parameters are applied to constellations of small satellites and large satellites. The Unmanned Spacecraft Cost Model (USCM) and the Small Spacecraft Cost Model (SSCM) are used to roughly determine the cost of each proposed mission. The sensor effectiveness is determined by the General Imaging Quality Equation (GIQE).
Regrowth of blackberry two years after the 2003 wildfires in Victoria.

An earlier study of blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L. agg.) after the 2003 bushfires found that even with high fire intensities some blackberry always survived to produce new stems in the following growing season post-fire. Some of the plots were assessed a second time in 2005 to determine whether blackberry had re-established dense thickets and to examine the reasons for any differences amongst the plots. The diverse outcomes included: dominance of native shrubs, co-dominance of native shrubs and blackberry, graminoid dominance, co-dominance of blackberry with graminoids, blackberry dominance and dominance of native tree seedlings and shrubs. It is clear that pre-fire blackberry thickets often did re-establish, although not invariably, and that competition from native shrubs seems to be an important factor in reducing blackberry abundance. Absence of a substantial native shrub seedbank may have contributed to re-emergence of blackberry dominance in some cases.
PERSPECTIVAS CLIMÁTICAS PARA OS PRÓXIMOS 20 ANOS

Observed and Reanalysis (NCAR/NCEP) data sets were used to analyze the Brazilian regional climates variability in the period 1948-2007 and to assess their future evolution, associated with a Pacific inter-decadal sea surface temperature oscillation (PDO). The results indicated that the rainfall totals of some parts of Brazil, particularly in southeastern Amazon, Middle-Western and Southern Brazil, were highly correlated with PDO, with correlation coefficient ranging from 0.5 to 0.8 at a confidence level higher than 99.5%. The rainfall totals of PDO cold phase (1947-1976) were, in general, 10% to 30% smaller than the ones observed during its warm phase (1977-1998). The Paraguay River mean level, at Ladario, increased about 75% in the warm phase as compared to the cold phase one, partially due to increased rainfall over its basin. The mean minimum temperatures, observed in six cities of Rio Grande do Sul State, were up to 1°C cooler during June-August period and up to 2°C cooler in October and 1 Instituto de Ciencias Atmosfericas, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, email: molion@radar.ufal. br ___________________ Revista Bras ile i ra de C limatolog ia ___________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Agosto – 2008 118 November during the cold phase. Pacific monitoring network indicated that PDO has entered a new cold phase already. Thus, it is possible that the climate of the next two decades be similar to the one of the previous cold phase. It was proposed that the results of regional climate diagnostic studies and climate scenarios of the cold phase serve as a guide for climate forecasting til year 2030, aiming at a better planning of human activities and the consequent Society’s welfare.
The effect of navigation on the flow in a river trained with groynes

The study deals with the investigation of flow structures in groyne fields interacting with the flow generated by navigation. Groynes are traditionally constructed to ensure adequate water depth for navigation, so the interaction of navigation and groyne fields is nearly guaranteed. The Hungarian Danube section – which is part of the 7th European transport corridor – has a great importance, however, there are several places where the minimum 25 dm navigational water depth is not available in low water regime. As the River Waal (a branch of River Rhine), which falls in the same category of navigable waterways as River Danube, in my TU Delft based research I used that particular Dutch river as case study. The goal of this graduation project is formulated as follows: What kind of effects does navigation have on river morphology? This was investigated on physical basis by means of a numerical model. First, the influence of push towing on morphology is investigated by analyzing the bed shear stress distributions, then the impacts on groyne fields. It could be concluded that primary waves caused by push tows increase the bed shear stresses around the ship, moreover, groyne fields are also affected, especially their zone close to the main stream. The impact of different ship sets on shear stresses was also studied. It was found that the most significant effect was caused by the ship velocity, the sailing distance between ship and groynes, a moderate one by the ship’s width and a minor one by the ship’s length. A numerical morphological model could offer a more detailed insight in the morphological changes than analyzing the bed shear-stress distribution, only, a recommendation for future studies is therefore the implementation of such a model. FINEL2D’s capability of predicting the flow changes at groyne fields caused by navigation have been shown, although FINEL2D only uses advective momentum transport (but suffering from some numerical viscosity) to predict the flow, while in the groyne fields inhomogeneous turbulent processes are supposed to be dominating. Nevertheless, FINEL2D showed a sufficient match with physical model results.
Wrapped ultra‐wide band radar sensor based on resistively loaded bow‐tie antenna for near zone sensing applications

This article presents the pulse radiating and imaging performances of a wrapped resistively loaded bow‐tie antenna (WRLBA) which has a reduced aperture size for utilizing near zone sensing applications. The pulse radiating performances of the WRLBA are investigated and evaluated by comparing to those of the nonloaded wrapped bow‐tie antenna (WBA). The calculated fidelity factor and evaluation factor (EF) of the WRLBA on the boresight direction are 0.97 and 0.07, respectively. The monostatic radar experiment has been shown that two copper targets with a radius of 2 cm are reconstructed at 15 and 20 cm, respectively. Based on the evaluation of the pulse radiating performances and imaging experiment, the proposed WRLBA is a suitable candidate for imaging applications in the vicinity of the targets.
Neutron-Induced Multiple-Cell Upsets in 20-nm Bulk SRAM: Angular Sensitivity and Impact of Multiwell Potential Perturbation

Neutron-induced multiple-cell upsets (MCUs) are studied in a 20-nm bulk SRAM by irradiation experiments using atmospheric-like neutrons at several angles of incidence. The evaluation of soft error rates reveals that the multiple-bit upset rate significantly increases at grazing incidence, indicating the possibility that the efficiency of error-correction codes is reduced depending on the device orientation in the terrestrial environment. The analyses of the characteristics of the MCU events confirm that the forward emission of secondary ions, the geometry of SRAM cells, and the parasitic bipolar effects are the key factors in determining the angular sensitivity of MCUs. Our analysis unveils the unique data pattern dependence in the occurrence probability of gap structures in fail bit patterns. Based on the consideration of potential perturbations in multiple p-wells, multi-well coupled potential unbalancing is found to be the plausible mechanism underlying this observation. The detailed analyses of fail bit maps with internal node voltages demonstrate that observed gap structures are consistent with the configuration induced by this mechanism.
Experimental study of negatively buoyant finite-size particles in a turbulent boundary layer up to dense regimes

We experimentally investigate the two-phase interplay in an open-channel turbulent boundary layer laden with finite-size particles at global volume fractions between 4 and 25 %. The working fluid (water) and the dispersed phase (hydrogel spheres) have closely matched refractive indices, allowing us to measure the properties of both phases using particle image velocimetry and particle tracking velocimetry, respectively. The particles have a diameter of approximately 9 % of the channel depth and are slightly denser than the fluid. The negative buoyancy causes a strong vertical concentration gradient, characterized by discrete and closely spaced particle layers parallel to the wall. Even at the lowest considered volume fractions, the near-wall fluid velocity and velocity gradients are strongly reduced, with large mean shear throughout most of the channel height. This indicates that the local effective viscosity of the suspension is greatly increased due to the friction between particle layers sliding over one another. The particles consistently lag the fluid and leave their footprint on its mean and fluctuating velocity profiles. The turbulent activity is damped near the wall, where the nearly packed particles disrupt and suppress large-scale turbulent fluctuations and redistribute some of the kinetic energy to smaller scales. On the other hand, in the outer region of the flow where the local particle concentration is low, the mean shear produces strong Reynolds stresses, with enhanced sweeps and ejections and frequent swirling events.
BUILDING A RESEARCH BASE IN TOURISM: SOME LESSONS AND CHALLENGES IN THE FIELD OF STATED PREFERENCE ANALYSIS OF TRAVEL CHOICES

This paper illustrates the depth and breadth of one significant area of research in travel behaviour, stated preference analysis of travel choices, which has obvious transferability to many topics in tourism research. Stated preference (SP) methods are widely used in travel behaviour research and practice to identify behavioural responses to choice situations which are not revealed in the market, and where the attribute levels offered by existing choices are modified to such an extent that the reliability of revealed preference models as predictors of response is brought into question. This paper reviews recent developments in the application of SP models in transportation which add to their growing relevance in demand modelling and prediction, and which point to their appeal in other disciplines such as marketing, geography and tourism. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, see IRRD abstract no 861523.
Micro-geochemistry of the mantle and its volcanic rocks

This thesis comprises three studies which utilise detailed micro-sampling techniques to understand the effects of melt infiltration in the continental lithosphere and the relationship of deeply derived kimberlite melts to lithospheric processes. To be able to make these links it is necessary to better constrain the geochemical composition of the primary kimberlite melt. • The first study investigates inter-grain trace element and Sr isotope variation in clinopyroxene (cpx), amphibole and melt from two spinel lherzolite xenoliths from the Middle Atlas Mountains, Morocco. These results support a multi-stage metasomatic process in which cpx and amphibole are recent additions to the lithospheric mantle, most recently equilibrated with a carbonatite melt. The limited Sr isotope variation in the cpx from this study is typical of global off-craton cpx implying that the majority of cpx in off-craton settings may have a recent, metasomatic origin. • The second micro-sampling study examines inter-grain trace element and Sr isotope variation in garnet and cpx in garnet lherzolite xenoliths within cratonic peridotites from Bultfontein, South Africa, and Pyramidfels, Greenland. The Sr isotope and trace element variation, combined with a lack of trace element equilibrium between cpx and garnet, imply that the majority of cpx is a recent addition, associated with the host kimberlite-type magma, whereas the garnet is added by an older event, probably by a melt related to either Group II kimberlite or lamproite. A global database of Sr and Nd isotope data for cpx and garnet indicates that these conclusions can be applied more widely. The metasomatic addition of cpx and garnet is limited to vein-wallrock reactions and therefore the majority of lithospheric mantle is concluded to be depleted harzburgite or dunite. • The third micro-sampling study focuses on constraining the primary geochemical characteristics of kimberlite magma by analysing the constituent phases (perovskite, olivine, apatite, phlogopite, calcite) for trace element and Sr isotope ratios from a sample of hypabyssal kimberlite from Jos, Somerset Island, Canada. An analogue study was carried out on an olivine melilitite from Saltpetre Kop, South Africa with a similar mineral suite (with the addition of melilite). These results show that phenocrystal olivine and apatite provide the best record of the source Sr isotope composition whereas perovskite, typically analysed by laser ablation, is more variable and influenced by crustal interaction, albeit to a limited extent. The results indicate that previously recorded differences between the Sr isotope compositions of whole rock kimberlites and the low-Cr megacryst suite, used to rule out a genetic relationship between the two, can be ascribed to later stage crustal interaction with the kimberlite. As a result, the link between kimberlites and the formation of the low-Cr megacryst suite is strengthened.
Computing Parallelism in Discourse

Although much has been said about parallelism in discourse, a formal, computational theory of parallelism structure is still outstanding. In this paper, we present a theory which given two parallel utterances predicts which are the parallel elements. The theory consists of a sorted, higher-order abductive calculus and we show that it reconciles the insights of discourse theories of parallelism with those of Higher-Order Unification approaches to discourse semantics, there by providing a natural framework in which to capture the effect of parallelism on discourse semantics.
Carbon Prices and Automobile Greenhouse Gas Emissions: the Extensive and Intensive Margins

The transportation sector accounts for nearly one third of the United States' greenhouse gas emissions. While over the past number of decades, policy makers have avoided directly pricing the externalities from vehicles, both in terms of global and more local pollutants and Corporate Average Fuel Standards have changed little since the mid-1980s, there is now considerable interest in reducing greenhouse gas emissions form the transportation sector. Many have argued that the unique features of the sector imply that pricing mechanisms would have little affect on emissions. This paper analyzes how pricing carbon through either a cap and trade system or carbon tax might affect greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector by estimating how changes in gasoline prices alter consumer behavior. We analyze their effect on both the intensive (e.g., vehicle miles travelled) and extensive (e.g., vehicle scrapping) margins. We find large effects on both margins.
δ-Phosphorene: a two dimensional material with a highly negative Poisson's ratio.

As a basic mechanical parameter, Poisson's ratio (ν) measures the mechanical responses of solids against external loads. In rare cases, materials have a negative Poisson's ratio (NPR), and present an interesting auxetic effect. That is, when a material is stretched in one direction, it will expand in the perpendicular direction. To design modern nanoscale electromechanical devices with special functions, two dimensional (2D) auxetic materials are highly desirable. In this work, based on first principles calculations, we rediscover the previously proposed δ-phosphorene (δ-P) nanosheets [Jie Guan, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. , 2014, 113, 046804] which are good auxetic materials with a high NPR. The results show that the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of δ-P are all anisotropic. The NPR value along the grooved direction is up to -0.267, which is much higher than the recently reported 2D auxetic materials. The auxetic effect of δ-P originating from its puckered structure is robust and insensitive to the number of layers due to weak interlayer interactions. Moreover, δ-P possesses good flexibility because of its relatively small Young's modulus and high critical crack strain. If δ-P can be synthesized, these extraordinary properties would endow it with great potential in designing low dimensional electromechanical devices.
UniSent: Universal Adaptable Sentiment Lexica for 1000+ Languages

In this paper, we introduce UniSent universal sentiment lexica for 1000+ languages. Sentiment lexica are vital for sentiment analysis in absence of document-level annotations, a very common scenario for low-resource languages. To the best of our knowledge, UniSent is the largest sentiment resource to date in terms of the number of covered languages, including many low resource ones. In this work, we use a massively parallel Bible corpus to project sentiment information from English to other languages for sentiment analysis on Twitter data. We introduce a method called DomDrift to mitigate the huge domain mismatch between Bible and Twitter by a confidence weighting scheme that uses domain-specific embeddings to compare the nearest neighbors for a candidate sentiment word in the source (Bible) and target (Twitter) domain. We evaluate the quality of UniSent in a subset of languages for which manually created ground truth was available, Macedonian, Czech, German, Spanish, and French. We show that the quality of UniSent is comparable to manually created sentiment resources when it is used as the sentiment seed for the task of word sentiment prediction on top of embedding representations. In addition, we show that emoticon sentiments could be reliably predicted in the Twitter domain using only UniSent and monolingual embeddings in German, Spanish, French, and Italian. With the publication of this paper, we release the UniSent sentiment lexica at http://language-lab.info/unisent.
A Markov Chain Algorithm for Compression in Self-Organizing Particle Systems

In systems of programmable matter, we are given a collection of simple computation elements (or particles) with limited (constant-size) memory. We are interested in when they can self-organize to solve system-wide problems of movement, configuration and coordination. Here, we initiate a stochastic approach to developing robust distributed algorithms for programmable matter systems using Markov chains. We are able to leverage the wealth of prior work in Markov chains and related areas to design and rigorously analyze our distributed algorithms and show that they have several desirable properties. We study the compression problem, in which a particle system must gather as tightly together as possible, as in a sphere or its equivalent in the presence of some underlying geometry. More specifically, we seek fully distributed, local, and asynchronous algorithms that lead the system to converge to a configuration with small boundary. We present a Markov chain-based algorithm that solves the compression problem under the geometric amoebot model, for particle systems that begin in a connected configuration. The algorithm takes as input a bias parameter λ, where λ > 1 corresponds to particles favoring having more neighbors. We show that for all λ > 2 + √ 2, there is a constant α > 1 such that eventually with all but exponentially small probability the particles are α-compressed, meaning the perimeter of the system configuration is at most α · pmin , where pmin is the minimum possible perimeter of the particle system. Surprisingly, the same algorithm can also be used for expansion when 0 < λ < 2.17, and we prove similar results about expansion for values of λ in this range. This is counterintuitive as it shows that particles preferring to be next to each other (λ > 1) is not sufficient to guarantee compression. Since its first appearance in the conference version of this paper, we have further validated this new stochastic approach in subsequent works by using it to provably accomplish a variety of other objectives in programmable matter.
A Parsimonious Macroeconomic Model for Asset Pricing

In this paper, I study asset prices in a two-agent macroeconomic model with two key features: limited participation in the stock market and heterogeneity in the elasticity of intertemporal substitution in consumption (EIS). The model is consistent with some prominent features of asset prices that have been documented in the literature, such as a high equity premium; relatively smooth interest rates; procyclical variation in stock prices; and countercyclical variation in the equity premium, in its volatility, and in the Sharpe ratio. While the model also reproduces the long-horizon predictability of the equity premium, the extent of predictability is smaller than in the data. In this model, the risk-free asset market plays a central role by allowing the non-stockholders (who have low EIS) to smooth the fluctuations in their labor income. This process concentrates nonstockholders' aggregate labor income risk among a small group of stockholders, who then demand a high premium for bearing the aggregate equity risk. Furthermore, this mechanism is consistent with the very small share of aggregate wealth held by non-stockholders in the US data, which has proved problematic for previous models with limited participation. I show that this large wealth inequality is also important for the model's ability to generate a countercyclical equity premium. Finally, when it comes to business cycle performance the model's progress has been more limited: consumption is still too volatile compared to the US data, whereas investment is still too smooth. These are important areas for potential improvement in this framework.