Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FDTD Analysis of the Current Distribution within the Grounding System for a Wind Turbine Generation Tower Struck by Lightning

Transient current distribution within the grounding system for a wind-turbine-generation tower of height 61m struck by lightning has been calculated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The grounding grid for the lightning-struck tower considered in this paper is connected electrically via an insulated wire to one neighboring-tower grounding grid located 50m away from it. High-frequency components of a lightning current tend to flow in ground through the grounding grid of the lightning-struck tower, and they become larger with increasing the ground conductivity. Relatively-lower-frequency components of the lightning current flow in ground through each of the two grounding grids roughly in inverse proportion to the grounding resistance of each grid. For example, when two identical grounding grids for the lightning-struck tower and the neighboring tower are buried in the same ground, about 50% of the lightning current flows in the grounding grid for the neighboring tower via the insulated wire connecting these two grounding grids. When the grounding resistance of the neighboring tower is about 1/4 of that for the lightning-struck tower, about 4/5 of the lightning current flows in the neighboring-tower grounding grid. This agrees well with the trend shown by Nagaoka et al. from their measurement in the grounding system for an actual wind-turbine-generation tower struck by natural lightning.
Avaliação de atrativos na captura de adultos de Grapholita molesta (Busck, 1916) (Lepidoptera: Oletreutidae).

Com o objetivo de testar varias substâncias atrativas na captura Grapholita molesta (Busck, 1916) (Lepidoptera: Oletreutidae), realizou-se este experimento no pomar de pessegueiros Marli, em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. O delineamento estatistico adotado foi o de blocos completos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repeticoes. Os atrativos testados foram: melado de cana, sucos de maracuja, pessego, uva e vinagre de vinho tinto. O atrativo mais eficiente para a captura do inseto foi o melado. Palavras-chave: Atrativo, Grapholita molesta, insecta, monitoramento. ABSTRACT This research was carried in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul state, in order to study the effect of attractants on capture of Grapholita molesta (Busck, 1916) (Lepidoptera: Oletreutidae). This experiment was conducted in a peach orchard (cv. Marli). Experiment was arranged in a split plot block design, with five treatments and four repetions. The attractants tested were: sugar-cane syrup, passion fruit juice, peach juice, grape juice and red wine vinegar. Most effective attractant for insect was: sugar-cane syrup. Key Words: Food attractant, Grapholita molesta, insecta, monitoring.
Compact wideband and dual-band antenna for TD-LTE and WLAN applications

A novel compact wideband and dual-band microstrip-fed antenna is proposed. By using symmetrical inverted-L-shaped strips, a fork-shaped strip, a rectangular slot and a defected ground plane, the dual-band resonances of the antenna are generated. The measured impedance bandwidths are 1.12 GHz for the lower frequency band (1.87–2.99 GHz), and 780 MHz for the higher frequency band (5.10–5.88 GHz). The fabricated antenna can be used to cover the entire required bands for time-division-long-term evolution (1880–2655 MHz) and wireless local area network 802.11 a/b/g (2.4–2.4835, 5.15–5.875 GHz). The measured gain at 2.4 and 5.5 GHz is 2.1 and 6.1 dBi, respectively. The antenna shows a compact size of 25 × 30 × 0.8 mm. The details of the antenna design, the operation mechanism and the simulated and measured results are presented.
High-frequency impacts in a converter-based back-to-back tie; the Eagle Pass installation

Voltage sourced converter-based transmission controllers, which use gate turn off switching components, introduce a new type of high voltage stress on insulation systems and materials. Fast switching components like IGBTs may generate or cause high-frequency voltages, which are superimposed upon the power frequency (50/60 Hz) voltage. Insulation within the station may thereby be continuously exposed to a new type of voltage stress, for which it has not been designed or tested. The high-frequency voltages may, under special circumstances, cause insulation damages at magnitude levels, which are well below the dielectric voltage withstand at power frequency. Compact insulation systems with resistive/refractive grading of the electrical field are particularly critical. Several compact type cable terminations rated 24 kV with resistive/refractive stressgrading have failed in the voltage soured converter-based back-to-back installation at Eagle Pass substation in the State of Texas. Through field measurements, laboratory tests, and simulations, the root cause of the failures has been identified. The compact cable terminations have been replaced by another type of termination, which is not sensitive to high-frequency voltages. The voltage sourced converter-based back-to-back installation in Eagle Pass is a joint ABB, EPRI, and AEP field demonstration project, which has been commissioned.
Dynamic Targets Detection for Robotic Applications Using Panoramic Camera Based on Optical Flow

Optical flow method is an important and valid method in the field of detection and tracking of moving objects for robot inspection system. Due to the traditional Horn-Schunck optical flow method and Lucas-Kanade optical flow method cannot meet the demands of real-time and accuracy simultaneously, an improved optical flow method based on Gaussian image pyramid is proposed. The layered structure of the images can be obtained by desampling of the original sequential images so that the motion with the high speed can be changed into continuous motion with lower speed. Then the optical flows of corner points of the lowest layer will be calculated by the LK method and be delivered to the upper layer and so on. Thus the estimated optical flow vectors of the original sequential images will be obtained. In this way, the requirement of accuracy and real time could be met for robotic moving obstacle recognition.
Small-Capacity Experimental Prototype of VSC-HVDC for Offshore Wind Farm

VSC-HVDC is one of the proven solutions for the transmission problem of offshore wind power. The structure of back-to-back with two-level converters was adopted for wind farm and grid side, in this paper. PI controllers and SVPWM modulation strategy were used for control system. The double closed-loop vector control method was used for converters of two ends, one end controlling DC voltage and the other controlling active power. The reactive power was controlled by both ends independently. The designed system was verified by simulation and experiment based on a small-capacity experimental prototype.
Development of Pipe-Soil Interaction Experimental System for Steel Catenary Riser in Touchdown Zone

Pipe-soil interaction of steel catenary riser in touchdown zone has complex nonlinear dynamic characteristic, is difficult both in theoretical calculation and in numerical analysis. Meanwhile, pipe-soil interaction model experiment can promote the theoretical and numerical study on the issue well; experimental results can be used to guide the practical engineering design. This paper reviews the achievements of existing model experiment research, and proposes aspects which further research could focus on, then presents a pipe-soil interaction experiment program, develops test devices and achieves better test result. Therefore, these devices can play a key role in further research on the pipe-soil interaction in touchdown zone.
Robot-Assisted to Elicit Behaviors for Autism Screening

Early screening and diagnosis of Autism spectrums is essential to determine the best means of early intervention program. Since there is no sign in biological for autism, screening and assessment must focus on the behavioral deficits. Somehow screening is not a diagnosis, but a filter that picks out children for subsequent assessment. The aim of this paper is to propose and to ignite discussion concerning robotic assisted in autism screening process to enable early diagnosis and intervention. This process combines (a) selection of an autism screening tool (b) refinement of screening subscales and (c) integration of subscales with robot action. We use Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-2 (GARS-2) inversely integrated with humanoid robot Nao to produce a counter action to elicit individual behaviours for screening and diagnosis purposes. In extracting of GARS-2, we had considered the limitation and sensitivity when a robot tries to assist in the process of screening and diagnosis. Integrating robotics into innovative treatments however highlighted the need for additional rigorous empirical studies with quantitative measurement.
BESTIMMUNG GEWEBEOPTISCHER PARAMETER MITTELS HF-MODULATIONSSPEKTROSKOPIE

Abstraet—Radio frequency modulation spectroscopy is a capable method to determine tissue optical parameters invivo. For the eventual purpose ofclinical measurements we have developed and tested an rf loser spectroscopy device which enables a measurement of the spatial amplitude and phase shifi profiles of backscattered modulated loser light. Spectral absorption and scattering coefficients are computed by inverseformulas denvedfrom analytical Solutions ofthe difiusion model of light transport in a semi-infinite geometiy.
Partial Discharge Detection Using Acoustic and Optical Methods in High Voltage Power Equipments: A Review

There is a high risk of insulation system dielectric instability when partial discharge (PD) occurs. Therefore, measurement and monitoring of PD is an important preventive tool to safeguard high-voltage equipment from wanton damage. PD can be detected using optical method to increase the detection threshold and to improve the performance of on-line measurement of PD in noise environment. The PD emitted energy as acoustic emission. We can use this emitted energy to detect PD signal. The best method to detect PD in power transformer is by using acoustic emission. Optical sensor has some advantages such as; high sensitivity, more accuracy small size. Furthermore, in on-site measurements and laboratory experiments, it isoptical methodthat gives very moderate signal attenuations. This paper reviews the available PD detection methods (involving high voltage equipment) such as; acoustic detection and optical detection. The advantages and disadvantages of each method have been explored and compared. The review suggests that optical detection techniques provide many advantages from the consideration of accuracy and suitability for the applications when compared to other techniques.
Economic Potential for Energy Cane Production as a Cellulosic Biofuel Feedstock in the Southeastern United States

The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 established the Renewable Fuels Standard which set forth goals for domestic renewable fuel production of cellulosic and advanced biofuels in the United States. A major issue confronting the achievement of these biofuel utilization goals is the probability that the eventual expansion of advanced cellulosic biofuel production would be sufficient to meet the stated goals. Current long range projections of cellulosic biofuel production are expected to remain significantly below statutory targets due to the limited supply and expected development of cellulosic biofuel production. The production capacity expansion of advanced cellulosic biofuel has been identified as a major challenge in meeting the Renewable Fuels Standard. Energy cane has been identified as a crop with having significant potential to be developed as a biofuel feedstock crop. The greatest challenge currently facing the production of energy cane is the ability to expand production of the crop outside temperate zones. Within the six-state study area, approximately 1.15 million hectares were identified as idle cropland having the greatest potential for energy cane production. With a low seed cane expansion planting ratio and harvest through a fourth stubble crop, total energy cane production costs were estimated to be $113 per dry metric ton of feedstock. At higher planting ratios, projected total energy cane production costs were below $70 per metric ton.
The Principle of Inverse Effectiveness in Audiovisual Speech Perception

We assessed how synchronous speech listening and lip reading affects speech recognition in acoustic noise. In simple audiovisual perceptual tasks, inverse effectiveness is often observed, which holds that the weaker the unimodal stimuli, or the poorer their signal-to-noise ratio, the stronger the audiovisual benefit. So far, however, inverse effectiveness has not been demonstrated for complex audiovisual speech stimuli. Here we assess whether this multisensory integration effect can also be observed for the recognizability of spoken words. To that end, we presented audiovisual sentences to 18 native-Dutch normal-hearing participants, who had to identify the spoken words from a finite list. Speech-recognition performance was determined for auditory-only, visual-only (lipreading) and auditory-visual conditions. To modulate acoustic task difficulty, we systematically varied the auditory signal-to-noise ratio. In line with a commonly-observed multisensory enhancement on speech recognition, audiovisual words were more easily recognized than auditory-only words (recognition thresholds of −15 dB and −12 dB, respectively). We here show that the difficulty of recognizing a particular word, either acoustically or visually, determines the occurrence of inverse effectiveness in audiovisual word integration. Thus, words that are better heard or recognized through lipreading, benefit less from bimodal presentation. Audiovisual performance at the lowest acoustic signal-to-noise ratios (45%) fell below the visual recognition rates (60%), reflecting an actual deterioration of lipreading in the presence of excessive acoustic noise. This suggests that the brain may adopt a strategy in which attention has to be divided between listening and lip reading.
Public cultural heritage properties enhancement and reuse strategies

The sale and the granting of long-term licence to let private stakeholders use public buildings often lead to changes in the buildings’ use, requiring compliance with new needs. Reuse choices are often taken without a large-scale enhancing strategy concerning physical, economic and social context. Therefore it is necessary to define evaluation patterns to support the choices of the operators involved in the privatization process, in order to preserve the values of the assets and to guarantee the land’s development trends. The paper shows a method set to guide both local and central governments – as owners of cultural heritage properties – and public departments – performing control activities on cultural heritage management – in deciding new uses for buildings.
Model Predictive Control for Combustion Timing and Load Control in HCCI engines

A Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy for Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion timing and output work control that takes into account actuator constraints is designed. The MPC is based on the linearized version of a nonlinear Control Oriented Model (COM). The COM for the HCCI engine has combustion timing and engine load as outputs and valve timing and fueling rate as the inputs. The COM model is developed and validated and found to be accurate enough for control purposes and can be implemented in real-time. A Detailed Physical Model (DPM) is used to test the controller using the valve timing and fueling rate as constrained actuators. Constraints on combustion timing and output work are also considered to prevent ringing or misfire. The simulation results show that the developed controller works over a range of load conditions and can maintain HCCI combustion timing and load to their desired values.
Generation of millimetre and sub-millimetre waves by photomixing in 1.55 /spl mu/m wavelength photodiode

A 70 GHz bandwidth commercial photodiode has been used to create a photomixer source of radiation at frequencies from 70 GHz to above 600 GHz. The waveguide source is driven by two 1.55 /spl mu/m lasers and delivers a peak, nonsaturated, power of -7.5 dBm at 110 GHz with a power conversion efficiency above 1%. Detected power decreases approximately as 1/(frequency)/sup 4/ above 150 GHz.
New improved method for the design of weighted- Chebyshev, nonrecursive, digital filters

Two techniques are described which can be used in the design of weighted-Chebyshev nonrecursive digital filters. The first technique is a new initialization scheme for 3-band filters which improves convergence in the design of bandstop filters. The second technique is an improved search algorithm which can be used to locate the maxima of the error function. It incorporates cubic interpolation with a selective step-by-step search and it replaces the exhaustive step-by-step search proposed by Rabiner, McClellan, and Parks in the past as well as the selective step-by-step search proposed by Antoniou recently. The two techniques as well as an improved technique for the rejection of superfluous maxima of the error function, proposed recently by Antoniou, are used to construct a filter-design package which can be used for the design of equiripple nonrecursive filters. When applied for the design of a large number of low-pass, high-pass, bandpass, and bandstop filters, the new design method leads to an average saving in the amount of computation of about 87 percent relative to the amount required by the Rabiner, McClellan, and Parks method. It is demonstrated that this improvement is achieved without degrading the robustness of the Remez exchange algorithm to a significant extent.
Residual stress measurement method in MEMS microbeams using frequency shift data

The dynamical behaviour of a set of gold microbeams affected by residual stress has been studied. Experimental frequency shift curves were obtained by increasing the dc voltage applied to the specimens. Comparison with different analytical and numerical models has been carried out in order to identify both analytical and finite element models in the presence of residual stress. Residual strain and stress, due to the fabrication process, have been widely reported in the literature in both out-of-plane microcantilevers and clamped–clamped microbeams by using mainly the value of pull-in voltage and static deflection data. In the case of a microcantilever, an accurate modelling includes the effect of the initial curvature due to microfabrication. In double-clamped microbeams, a pre-load applied by tensile stress is considered. A good correspondence is pointed out between measurements and numerical models so that the residual stress effect can be evaluated for different geometrical configurations.
The Planning and Execution Assistant and Trainer (peat)

Meet PEAT, the Planning and Execution Assistant and Trainer. PEAT is a new device designed to increase the independence of persons with brain injury. PEAT uses powerful new technology to help users stay focused and on task despite surprises and distractions. PEAT is a hand-held electronic calendar and address book. It features automatic cueing to start and stop daily activities and has built-in phone, fax and Internet capabilities. But it is much more. PEAT uses automatic planning software from NASA to compensate for executive function deficits. It automatically generates daily plans, monitors plan execution, and replans when the situation changes.
Optimised PWM inverter control using artificial neural networks

A novel method of producing optimum switching functions for the voltage and harmonic control of DC-to-AC bridge inverters using neural networks is presented. Results obtained from an experimental implementation of a neural network-based inverter system are included. The implementation does not depend on any hardware configuration and can be modified without affecting the performance.
Multimode coupling of unidentical waveguides

A system of two parallel slab unidentical waveguides, one a multimode structure and the second a single-mode one, is analyzed using an improved coupled-mode theory. The theory is compared with exact numerical solutions of the complete structure. The comparison is carried out for both TE and TM modes, by evaluating the propagation constants and the normal mode distributions. The approximate propagation constants and the corresponding normal modes are shown to agree very well with the exact solutions. The interdependence between the system parameters and the normal mode patterns is discussed. >
A Behavioral DC Model of 3D Distributed Diodes in Presence of Wideband Microwaves on Active Substrate Boards

In the past few years, a new type of circuit board, named here as active substrate board (ASB), was introduced over circuit applications of diodes. Unlike a traditional printed circuit board (PCB), an ASB has its substrate made of a semiconductor. The inability of the traditional integrated circuit (IC) technology to integrate wavelength dependent radio frequency (RF) components triggered the advent of ASBs. These boards draw desirable features from IC as well as PCB technologies. Unprecedented challenges came up in modeling the different devices fabricated on an ASB owing to their large sizes and the presence of wideband microwaves. So far, modeling the effect of large sizes and ambient microwaves on DC bias of diodes have not been considered in scientific literature. Furthermore, the state of the art numerical simulators are unable to imitate the behavior of such diodes observed over measurements. Here, a semi-analytical, behavioral DC model of three dimensional (3D), distributed diodes on ASB is presented that is fairly accurate in predicting the actual behavior of the diodes. The model also opines a novel phenomenon of an AC affecting a DC with an added resistance.
Modeling of HgCdTe LWIR detector for high operation temperature conditions

The paper reports on the photoelectrical performance of the long wavelength infrared (LWIR) HgCdTe high operating temperature (HOT) detector. The detector structure was simulated with commercially available software APSYS by Crosslight Inc. taking into account SRH, Auger and tunnelling currents. A detailed analysis of the detector performance such as dark current, detectivity, time response as a function of device architecture and applied bias is performed, pointing out optimal working conditions.
Design and simulation of an a-Si:H/GaAs HBT with improved DC and high-frequency characteristics

In this work the properties of an a-Si:H/GaAs heterojunction are discussed and the analysis of advantages that may result from its use in bipolar devices compatible with the GaAs homojunction technology is performed. Experimental and theoretical results are presented concerning the application of a wide gap amorphous silicon layer to improve the injection efficiency into GaAs regions. Fundamental DC and high frequency characteristics of an a-Si:H/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) are investigated through detailed numerical simulations. The electronic properties of the a-Si:H layer, as the distributed density of states typical of amorphous materials, have been carefully considered. The tuning of the simulator and the reliability test of its output have been performed on experimental results obtained through the fabrication of a-Si:H/GaAs p-i-n diodes. The study shows that limiting the number of defects located at the amorphous/crystalline interface below a critical level would dramatically improve the minority carrier injection ratio at the heterojunction. The current thin film silicon technology would allow the fabrication of a transistor performing a DC current gain close to 3000 and a cut-off frequency close to 10 GHz. Due to the simplicity of fabrication, such a device could represent an effective way to add a bipolar stage to a GaAs MESFET IC without recurring to AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures.