Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Across the Range of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

Background: Recent trial data suggest that stratification of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) according to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) provides a means for dissecting different treatment responses. However, the differential pathophysiologic considerations have rarely been described. Methods: This prospective, single-center study analyzed consecutive symptomatic patients with HFpEF diagnosed according to the 2016 European Society of Cardiology heart failure guidelines. Patients were grouped into LVEF 50% to 60% and LVEF >60% cohorts. All patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Transfemoral cardiac catheterization was performed to derive load-dependent and load-independent left ventricular (LV) properties on pressure–volume loop analyses. Results: Fifty-six patients with HFpEF were enrolled and divided into LVEF 50% to 60% (n=21) and LVEF >60% (n=35) cohorts. On cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, the LVEF >60% cohort showed lower LV end-diastolic volumes (P=0.019) and end-systolic volumes (P=0.001) than the LVEF 50% to 60% cohort; stroke volume (P=0.821) did not differ between the cohorts. Extracellular volume fraction was higher in the LVEF 50% to 60% cohort than in the LVEF >60% cohort (0.332 versus 0.309; P=0.018). Pressure-volume loop analyses demonstrated higher baseline LV contractility (end-systolic elastance, 1.85 vs 1.33 mm Hg/mL; P<0.001) and passive diastolic stiffness (β constant, 0.032 versus 0.018; P=0.004) in the LVEF >60% cohort. Ventriculo-arterial coupling (end-systolic elastance/arterial elastance) at rest was in the range of optimized stroke work in the LVEF >60% cohort but was impaired in the LVEF 50% to 60% cohort (1.01 versus 0.80; P=0.005). During handgrip exercise, patients with LVEF >60% had higher increases in end-systolic elastance (1.85 versus 0.82 mm Hg/mL; P=0.023), attenuated increases in indexed end-systolic volume (−1 versus 7 mL/m²; P<0.004), and more exaggerated increases in LV filling pressures (8 vs 5 mm Hg; P=0.023). LV stroke volume decreased in the LVEF >60% cohort (P=0.007) under exertion. Conclusions: Patients with HFpEF in whom LVEF ranged from 50% to 60% demonstrated reduced contractility, impaired ventriculo-arterial coupling, and higher extracellular volume fraction. In contrast, patients with HFpEF and a LVEF >60% demonstrated a hypercontractile state with excessive LV afterload and diminished preload reserve. A LVEF-based stratification of patients with HFpEF identified distinct morphologic and pathophysiologic subphenotypes.
Association of Problematic Anger With Long-term Adjustment Following the Military-to-Civilian Transition

Key Points Question What is the association of problematic anger with long-term adjustment following the transition of US service members to civilian life? Findings In this cohort study of 3448 active-duty service members transitioning out of the military, the prevalence of problematic anger 2 years after separation (31.2%) was nearly double the prevalence 2 years before separation (15.9%). Problematic anger was associated with behavioral health problems, relationship health concerns, and economic difficulties approximately 5 years later. Meaning These findings suggest that problematic anger may be a determinant of maladjustment, offering a point of intervention for emotion regulation management to improve military-to-civilian transition.
Comparison of Structure-from-Motion and Stereo Vision Techniques for Full In-Field 3D Reconstruction and Phenotyping of Plants: An Investigation in Sunflower

Abstract. Accurate full 3D reconstruction of plants is a crucial step in phenotyping the canopy geometry of living plants to measure features, such as plant height, plant volume, leaf count, leaf size, and internode distance. In this work, an in-field, full 3D reconstruction system for plant phenotyping is described. The system utilized simultaneous, multi-view, high-resolution color digital imagery for true 3D reconstruction of the crop. The cameras were mounted on an arc-shaped superstructure and organized into 16 stereo pairs in four separate arcs. In this study, a comparison of structure-from-motion (SfM) and stereo vision (using stereo cameras) techniques in terms of full 3D reconstruction and measurement of plant features is introduced. System performance was verified in outdoor, on-farm experiments conducted at multiple time points in the growth cycle of sunflower. Results show, that both SfM and stereovision techniques can yield satisfactory 3D reconstruction models and are suited for high-throughput phenotyping without destroying any leaves or stems of the plant. By taking into account small details in the plant and edge preservation for leaves, the custom stereovision algorithms for this system could outperform the SfM technique and provided superior 3D reconstruction results.
The Trust Project - Symbiotic Human Machine Teams: Social Cueing for Trust and Reliance

Abstract : The objective of this work was to optimize trust and reliance on advanced autonomous systems through deeperunderstanding of the inherent social interaction of human-machine teams. We explored how users of an intelligentautomated decision aid may show evidence of increased trust and reliance under conditions of social cueing (i.e.,team building activities) relative to a control condition (i.e., aid capabilities emphasized only standard practice inautomation training).
PSMC1 variant causes a novel neurological syndrome

Proteasome 26S, the eukaryotic proteasome, serves as the machinery for cellular protein degradation. It is composed of the 20S core particle and one or two 19S regulatory particles, composed of a base and a lid. To date, several human diseases have been associated with mutations within the 26S proteasome subunits; only one of them affects a base subunit. We now delineate an autosomal recessive syndrome of failure to thrive, severe developmental delay and intellectual disability, spastic tetraplegia with central hypotonia, chorea, hearing loss, micropenis and undescended testes, as well as mild elevation of liver enzymes. None of the affected individuals achieved verbal communication or ambulation. Ventriculomegaly was evident on MRI. Homozygosity mapping combined with exome sequencing revealed a disease‐associated p.I328T PSMC1 variant. Protein modeling demonstrated that the PSMC1 variant is located at the highly conserved putative ATP binding and hydrolysis domain, and is suggested to interrupt a hydrophobic core within the protein. Fruit flies in which we silenced the Drosophila ortholog Rpt2 specifically in the eye exhibited an apparent phenotype that was highly rescued by the human wild‐type PSMC1, yet only partly by the mutant PSMC1, proving the functional effect of the p.I328T disease‐causing variant.
The phospholipid flippase ALA3 regulates pollen tube growth and guidance in Arabidopsis

Abstract Pollen tube guidance regulates the growth direction and ovule targeting of pollen tubes in pistils, which is crucial for the completion of sexual reproduction in flowering plants. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) pollen-specific receptor kinase (PRK) family members PRK3 and PRK6 are specifically tip-localized and essential for pollen tube growth and guidance. However, the mechanisms controlling the polar localization of PRKs at the pollen tube tip are unclear. The Arabidopsis P4-ATPase ALA3 helps establish the polar localization of apical phosphatidylserine (PS) in pollen tubes. Here, we discovered that loss of ALA3 function caused pollen tube defects in growth and ovule targeting and significantly affected the polar localization pattern of PRK3 and PRK6. Both PRK3 and PRK6 contain two polybasic clusters in the intracellular juxtamembrane domain, and they bound to PS in vitro. PRK3 and PRK6 with polybasic cluster mutations showed reduced or abolished binding to PS and altered polar localization patterns, and they failed to effectively complement the pollen tube-related phenotypes of prk mutants. These results suggest that ALA3 influences the precise localization of PRK3, PRK6, and other PRKs by regulating the distribution of PS, which plays a key role in regulating pollen tube growth and guidance.
Retinoic Acid–Inducible Gene I Activation Inhibits Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Replication in Mammalian Cells and in Mouse and Ferret Models of Infection

Abstract Infections caused by human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are associated with substantial rates of morbidity and mortality. Treatment options are limited, and there is urgent need for the development of efficient antivirals. Pattern recognition receptors such as the cytoplasmic helicase retinoic acid–inducible gene (RIG) I can be activated by viral nucleic acids, leading to activation of interferon-stimulated genes and generation of an “antiviral state. ” In the current study, we activated RIG-I with synthetic RNA agonists (3pRNA) to induce resistance to RSV infection in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, pretreatment of human, mouse, and ferret airway cell lines with RIG-I agonist before RSV exposure inhibited virus infection and replication. Moreover, a single intravenous injection of 3pRNA 1 day before RSV infection resulted in potent inhibition of virus replication in the lungs of mice and ferrets, but not in nasal tissues. These studies provide evidence that RIG-I agonists represent a promising antiviral drug for RSV prophylaxis.
Evaluation of a novel multiplex qPCR method for rapid detection and quantification of pathogens associated with calf diarrhoea

Diarrhoea is a common health problem in calves and a main reason for use of antimicrobials. It is associated with several bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens, most of which are commonly present in healthy animals. Methods, which quantify the causative agents, may therefore improve confidence in associating a pathogen to the disease. This study evaluated a novel commercially available, multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay (Enterit4Calves) for detection and quantification of pathogens associated with calf‐diarrhoea.
Planar Optical Cavities Hybridized with Low‐Dimensional Light‐Emitting Materials

Low‐dimensional light‐emitting materials have been actively investigated due to their unprecedented optical and optoelectronic properties that are not observed in their bulk forms. However, the emission from low‐dimensional light‐emitting materials is generally weak and difficult to use in nanophotonic devices without being amplified and engineered by optical cavities. Along with studies on various planar optical cavities over the last decade, the physics of cavity–emitter interactions as well as various integration methods are investigated deeply. These integrations not only enhance the light–matter interaction of the emitters, but also provide opportunities for realizing nanophotonic devices based on the new physics allowed by low‐dimensional emitters. In this review, the fundamentals, strengths and weaknesses of various planar optical resonators are first provided. Then, commonly used low‐dimensional light‐emitting materials such as 0D emitters (quantum dots and upconversion nanoparticles) and 2D emitters (transition‐metal dichalcogenide and hexagonal boron nitride) are discussed. The integration of these emitters and cavities and the expect interplay between them are explained in the following chapters. Finally, a comprehensive discussion and outlook of nanoscale cavity‐emitter integrated systems is provided.
Dimorphic evaluation of hippocampal changes in rat model of demyelination: A comparative functional, morphometric, and histological study

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common autoimmune disease. Progressive depletion of the brain and spinal cord tissue appears at the onset of the disease. Several studies have shown the increased size of the ventricles of the brain and decreases in the area of the corpus callosum and the width of the brain. Other important symptoms of this disease are cognitive, learning, and memory disorders.
Systolic Blood Pressure and Effects of Screening for Atrial Fibrillation With Long-Term Continuous Monitoring (a LOOP Substudy)

Background: Hypertension is a well-known risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF) and stoke, but data on the interaction between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and effects of AF screening are lacking. Methods: The LOOP Study randomized AF-naïve individuals aged 70 to 90 years with additional stroke risk factors to either screening with implantable loop recorder (ILR) and anticoagulation initiation upon detection of AF episodes ≥6 minutes, or usual care. In total, 5997 participants with available baseline SBP measurements were included in this substudy. Outcomes were analyzed according to the time-to-first-event principle using cause-specific Cox models. Results: The hazard ratio of stroke or systemic arterial embolism for ILR versus control decreased with increasing SBP. ILR screening yielded a 44% risk reduction of stroke or systemic arterial embolism among participants with SBP ≥150 mm Hg (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.56 [0.37–0.83]). Within the ILR group, SBP≥150 mm Hg was associated with a higher incidence of AF episodes ≥24 hours than lower SBP (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.70 [1.08–2.69]) but not with the overall occurrence of AF (adjusted P>0.05). Conclusions: The impact of AF screening on thromboembolic events increased with increasing blood pressure. SBP≥150 mm Hg was associated with a >1.5-fold increased risk of AF episodes ≥24 hours, along with an almost 50% risk reduction of stroke or systemic arterial embolism by ILR screening compared to lower blood pressure. These findings should be considered hypothesis-generating and warrant further study. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov; Unique Identifier: NCT02036450.
In Situ Identification of Paleoarchean Biosignatures Using Colocated Perseverance Rover Analyses: Perspectives for In Situ Mars Science and Sample Return

The NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance rover is currently exploring Jezero crater, a Noachian–Hesperian locality that once hosted a delta–lake system with high habitability and biosignature preservation potential. Perseverance conducts detailed appraisals of rock targets using a synergistic payload capable of geological characterization from kilometer to micron scales. The highest-resolution textural and chemical information will be provided by correlated WATSON (imaging), SHERLOC (deep-UV Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy), and PIXL (X-ray lithochemistry) analyses, enabling the distributions of organic and mineral phases within rock targets to be comprehensively established. Herein, we analyze Paleoarchean microbial mats from the ∼3.42 Ga Buck Reef Chert (Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa)—considered astrobiological analogues for a putative ancient martian biosphere—following a WATSON–SHERLOC–PIXL protocol identical to that conducted by Perseverance on Mars during all sampling activities. Correlating deep-UV Raman and fluorescence spectroscopic mapping with X-ray elemental mapping, we show that the Perseverance payload has the capability to detect thermally and texturally mature organic materials of biogenic origin and can highlight organic–mineral interrelationships and elemental colocation at fine spatial scales. We also show that the Perseverance protocol obtains very similar results to high-performance laboratory imaging, Raman spectroscopy, and μXRF instruments. This is encouraging for the prospect of detecting microscale organic-bearing textural biosignatures on Mars using the correlative micro-analytical approach enabled by WATSON, SHERLOC, and PIXL; indeed, laminated, organic-bearing samples such as those studied herein are considered plausible analogues of biosignatures from a potential Noachian–Hesperian biosphere. Were similar materials discovered at Jezero crater, they would offer opportunities to reconstruct aspects of the early martian carbon cycle and search for potential fossilized traces of life in ancient paleoenvironments. Such samples should be prioritized for caching and eventual return to Earth.
A cardiac-null mutation of Prdm16 causes hypotension in mice with cardiac hypertrophy via increased nitric oxide synthase 1

Hypertension or hypotension prevails as a comorbidity in patients with heart failure (HF). Although blood pressure (BP) is an important factor in managing the mortality of HF, the molecular mechanisms of changes in BP have not been clearly understood in cases of HF. We and others have demonstrated that a loss in PRDM16 causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, leading to HF. We aimed to determine whether BP is altered in mice that experience cardiac loss of Prdm16 and identify the underlying mechanism of BP-associated changes. BP decreased significantly only in female mice with a cardiac-null mutation of Prdm16 compared with controls, by an invasive protocol under anesthesia and by telemetric method during conscious, unrestrained status. Mice with a cardiac loss of Prdm16 had higher heart-to-body weight ratios and upregulated atrial natriuretic peptide, suggesting cardiac hypertrophy. Plasma aldosterone-to-renin activity ratios and plasma sodium levels decreased in Prdm16-deficient mice versus control. By RNA-seq and in subsequent functional analyses, Prdm16-null hearts were enriched in factors that regulate BP, including Adra1a, Nos1, Nppa, and Nppb. The inhibition of nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) reverted the decrease in BP in cardiac-specific Prdm16 knockout mice. Mice with cardiac deficiency of Prdm16 present with hypotension and cardiac hypertrophy. Further, our findings suggest that the increased expression of NOS1 causes hypotension in mice with a cardiac-null mutation of Prdm16. These results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of hypotension in subjects with HF and contribute to our understanding of how hypotension develops in patients with HF.
Exploring an Artificial Intelligence–Based, Gamified Phone App Prototype to Track and Improve Food Choices of Adolescent Girls in Vietnam: Acceptability, Usability, and Likeability Study

Background Adolescents’ consumption of healthy foods is suboptimal in low- and middle-income countries. Adolescents’ fondness for games and social media and the increasing access to smartphones make apps suitable for collecting dietary data and influencing their food choices. Little is known about how adolescents use phones to track and shape their food choices. Objective This study aimed to examine the acceptability, usability, and likability of a mobile phone app prototype developed to collect dietary data using artificial intelligence–based image recognition of foods, provide feedback, and motivate users to make healthier food choices. The findings were used to improve the design of the app. Methods A total of 4 focus group discussions (n=32 girls, aged 15-17 years) were conducted in Vietnam. Qualitative data were collected and analyzed by grouping ideas into common themes based on content analysis and ground theory. Results Adolescents accepted most of the individual- and team-based dietary goals presented in the app prototype to help them make healthier food choices. They deemed the overall app wireframes, interface, and graphic design as acceptable, likable, and usable but suggested the following modifications: tailored feedback based on users’ medical history, anthropometric characteristics, and fitness goals; new language on dietary goals; provision of information about each of the food group dietary goals; wider camera frame to fit the whole family food tray, as meals are shared in Vietnam; possibility of digitally separating food consumption on shared meals; and more appealing graphic design, including unique badge designs for each food group. Participants also liked the app’s feedback on food choices in the form of badges, notifications, and statistics. A new version of the app was designed incorporating adolescent’s feedback to improve its acceptability, usability, and likability. Conclusions A phone app prototype designed to track food choice and help adolescent girls from low- and middle-income countries make healthier food choices was found to be acceptable, likable, and usable. Further research is needed to examine the feasibility of using this technology at scale.
ORAI3 is dispensable for store-operated Ca2+ entry and immune responses by lymphocytes and macrophages

Ca2+ release–activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels mediate store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in many nonexcitable cells. In contrast to the CRAC channel subunit ORAI1, its homologue ORAI3 is dispensable for SOCE in lymphocytes and macrophages and not essential for immune cell function.
APPLICATION OF ENSEMBLE DESIGN FOR ON-LINE RETAIL E-COMMERCE FOR THE BETTER CUSTOMER RESPONSE

: We tackle the problem of identifying the potential customer for E-commerce through online retail business. The complexity of prediction becomes challenging especially when the customers are in the remote places, while launching any product in the appropriate market segments, the main issue is to cut cost while customer base is huge which cannot be mentioned easily. Hence in this paper, we recommend a set of data mining algorithms for analysing the pattern of purchases and arriving at optimal model for making recommendations for the possible potential identifiers. Likelihood is measured using Meta and Bayes scheme, applied to find the maximum probability attached with each customer’s record. This will support the decision making on budget for customer relationship management
Alteration of osteoclast activity in childhood cancer survivors: Role of iron and of CB2/TRPV1 receptors

Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are predisposed to the onset of osteoporosis (OP). It is known that iron overload induces osteoclasts (OCs) overactivity and that the iron chelator Deferasirox (DFX) can counteract it. The Cannabinoid Receptor type 2 (CB2) and the transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) are potential therapeutic targets for OP. In this study we isolated OCs from peripheral blood of 20 CCS and investigated osteoclast biomarkers expression and iron metabolism evaluating iron release by OCs and the expression of several molecules involved in its regulation. Moreover, we analyzed the effects of CB2 and TRPV1 stimulation in combination with DFX on osteoclast activity and iron metabolism. We observed, for the first time, an osteoclast hyperactivation in CCS suggesting a role for iron in its development. Moreover, we confirmed the well-known role of CB2 and TRPV1 receptors in bone metabolism, suggesting the receptors as possible key biomarkers of bone damage. Moreover, we demonstrated a promising synergism between pharmacological compounds, stimulating CB2 or inhibiting/desensitizing TRPV1 and DFX, in counteracting osteoclast overactivity in CCS to improve their quality of life.