Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kurumsal Yönetim Uygulamaları ile Bağımsız Denetçi Seçimi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Borsa İstanbul’da Bir Araştırma

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between companies’ corporate governance practices and the selection of independent auditors in the sample of Turkey. For this purpose, between 2018 and 2020, 475 firm-year data of companies traded in the Borsa Istanbul manufacturing sector are analyzed via the logistic regression model. In the study, whether the audit firm is Big Four (Big4) or not is used as a proxy for independent auditor choice. In addition, the relationship between the corporate governance practices of the companies and the selection of independent auditors are also examined in terms of the number of audit services provided by the audit firm to public interest organizations and the income obtained from independent audit services. The findings of the study indicate that there is a statistically significant relationship between the independent audit firm being Big Four and the variables of foreign investors and the number of board members. It has also been determined that there is a statistically significant relationship between the number of audit services provided by the audit firm to the institutions that concern the public interest and the variables of corporate investor, foreign investor and female member rate on the board of directors. Finally; the findings indicate that there is a statistically significant relationship between the income from independent audit services and the variables of foreign investors, the number of members of the board of directors and the female member rate on the board of directors. Keywords: Corporate Governance, Auditing, Auditor, Audit Firm, Auditor Selection.
Toying With Design: Experiencing Design for Rapid Prototyping Using Mini-Fabrication Exercises

This study explores the use of mini-fabrication exercises for helping students learn design for rapid prototyping in computeraided design and prototyping courses in engineering curricula. To this end, we conducted mini-fabrication exercises in ME444—an undergraduate course at Purdue University. The exercises provide hands-on exposure to design for rapid prototyping principles using simplified design problems. We developed two mini-fabrication exercises in ME444; (i) gear pair design & box design using laser cutting, and (ii) toy catapult design using stereolithography printing. These exercises were tested in a classroom-setting with 51 undergraduate students. Results show the mini-fabrication exercises facilitated students’ learning of geometric dimensioning & tolerancing, part sizing, and material properties in laser cutting and stereolithography printing. ∗Equally contributing authors †Address all correspondence to this author, ramani@purdue.edu
Direction Prediction of Traffic Flow in Vissim Simulation Based on K Nearest Neighbor Algorithm

In order to make short-term prediction of the direction of traffic flow in urban roads, a short-term prediction method of urban road travel time based on K nearest neighbor algorithm and vissim simulation is constructed. First, the intersection of Shiji Road and Yingbin Road was selected as the survey site, and the number of vehicles in each direction of each entrance lane of the intersection was investigated using manual counting, and the signal timing of each phase of the intersection was investigated. Input the survey data into the vissim simulation software to get the travel time of each entrance lane in each direction. Then build a vissim simulation traffic flow direction prediction model based on the KNN algorithm, including the construction of feature vectors, cross-validation methods to determine K values, and local estimation methods. The experimental results show that the average relative error between the predicted traffic flow direction and the actual traffic flow direction tends to 0.27. Due to the small amount of data, the prediction result is more accurate.
Machine Learning Models for Predicting Postoperative Outcomes following Skull Base Meningioma Surgery

Abstract Objective While predictive analytic techniques have been used to analyze meningioma postoperative outcomes, to our knowledge, there have been no studies that have investigated the utility of machine learning (ML) models in prognosticating outcomes among skull base meningioma patients. The present study aimed to develop models for predicting postoperative outcomes among skull base meningioma patients, specifically prolonged hospital length of stay (LOS), nonroutine discharge disposition, and high hospital charges. We also validated the predictive performance of our models on out-of-sample testing data. Methods Patients who underwent skull base meningioma surgery between 2016 and 2019 at an academic institution were included in our study. Prolonged hospital LOS and high hospital charges were defined as >4 days and >$47,887, respectively. Elastic net logistic regression algorithms were trained to predict postoperative outcomes using 70% of available data, and their predictive performance was evaluated on the remaining 30%. Results A total of 265 patients were included in our final analysis. Our cohort was majority female (77.7%) and Caucasian (63.4%). Elastic net logistic regression algorithms predicting prolonged LOS, nonroutine discharge, and high hospital charges achieved areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.798, 0.752, and 0.592, respectively. Further, all models were adequately calibrated as determined by the Spiegelhalter Z -test ( p >0.05). Conclusion Our study developed models predicting prolonged hospital LOS, nonroutine discharge disposition, and high hospital charges among skull base meningioma patients. Our models highlight the utility of ML as a tool to aid skull base surgeons in providing high-value health care and optimizing clinical workflows.
Research on an Anthropomorphic Phantom for Evaluation of the Medical Device Electromagnetic Field Exposure SAR

A medical device will emit electromagnetic radiation to its surrounding environment either actively or passively. However, clinicians are unaware as to whether the ambient electromagnetic radiation will exceed the human body’s endurance capacity. In this paper, the mathematical model of electromagnetic parameters devoted to Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) testing of medical devices was established using a Debye Model. Body liquids featuring dielectric properties including the conductivity and permittivity of tissues at various body parts were simulated on the basis of results derived from the model. A simplified anthropomorphic phantom for the SAR test was founded on the basis of geometric parameters by following the principles of resemblance and consistent conductivity. A full-band electromagnetic mathematical model of brain, muscle, heart, lungs, stomach, and kidneys was set up. Electromagnetic radiation levels of a wearable Electrocardiograph monitoring device were measured and found that the maximum electric field intensity was up to 30 V/m, and the electromagnetic radiation SAR value was 0.96 W/kg, which were equivalent to the electromagnetic radiation exposure of the occupational group. The results established that electromagnetic radiation of certain medical devices exceeded the allowed values specified by the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, further studies within the field of medicine are required to decide whether additional evaluation measures should be required.
Enhancing Performance of Wide-Area Back-Up Protection Scheme Using PMU Assisted Dynamic State Estimator

Wide-area measurements consisting of phasor measurement information, are lately used for monitoring and protection purposes. However, due to certain constraints related to usage of phasor measurement units (PMU) at all the buses, optimal placement of PMUs are needed for wide area applications. Further, limitations of supervisory control and data acquisition measurements and erroneous PMU measurements due to noise and communication link failure at some instant leads to the requirement of dynamic state estimation (DSE) using PMU information. The proposed scheme deals with wide area back-up protection scheme utilizing cubature Kalman filtering-based DSE in conjunction with fewer PMU measurements for obtaining full observability. A voltage-based index is derived using the DSE information to identify the faulty line. The scheme is tested for several faulted as well as stressed conditions such as line outage, generator outage, load encroachment and voltage stressed conditions including measurement error and missing data at some of the PMU buses. Extensive test on New England 39-bus system indicate that the proposed wide-area back-up protection scheme can reliably take appropriate action for back-up zone.
Polyvascular Subclinical Atherosclerosis: Correlation Between Ankle Brachial Index and Carotid Atherosclerosis in a Population-Based Sample

We assessed the correlation between the biomarkers of lower limb atherosclerosis (eg, ankle-brachial index [ABI]) and of carotid atherosclerosis (eg, common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and presence of atherosclerotic plaque) in a population-based cohort from Girona (Northwest Spain) recruited in 2010. Ankle-brachial index and carotid ultrasound were performed in all participants. Generalized additive multivariable models were used to adjust a regression model of common carotid IMT on ABI. Logistic regression multivariable models were adjusted to assess the probability of carotid plaque in individuals with peripheral artery disease. We included 3307 individuals (54.2% women), mean age 60 years (standard deviation 11). Two patterns of association were observed between subclinical biomarkers of atherosclerosis at the lower limb and carotid artery. Ankle-brachial index and common carotid IMT showed a linear trend in men [beta coefficient (95% confidence interval) =-. 068 (−.123; −.012); P = . 016]. Women with peripheral artery disease presented with high risk of atherosclerotic plaque at the carotid artery [Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 2.61, (1.46; 4.69); P = . 001]. Men showed a significant linear association between ABI levels and common carotid IMT values. Women with peripheral artery disease presented with high risk of atherosclerotic plaque at the carotid artery.
Compositional Bias of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins and Regions and Their Predictions

Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) carry out many cellular functions and vary in length and placement in protein sequences. This diversity leads to variations in the underlying compositional biases, which were demonstrated for the short vs. long IDRs. We analyze compositional biases across four classes of disorder: fully disordered proteins; short IDRs; long IDRs; and binding IDRs. We identify three distinct biases: for the fully disordered proteins, the short IDRs and the long and binding IDRs combined. We also investigate compositional bias for putative disorder produced by leading disorder predictors and find that it is similar to the bias of the native disorder. Interestingly, the accuracy of disorder predictions across different methods is correlated with the correctness of the compositional bias of their predictions highlighting the importance of the compositional bias. The predictive quality is relatively low for the disorder classes with compositional bias that is the most different from the “generic” disorder bias, while being much higher for the classes with the most similar bias. We discover that different predictors perform best across different classes of disorder. This suggests that no single predictor is universally best and motivates the development of new architectures that combine models that target specific disorder classes.
Verification of bubble tracking method and DNS examinations of single- and two-phase turbulent channel flows

from time = 500 to time = 774, after the bubbly flow reaches an approximately statistically steady state. The first two liquid velocity the void fraction Both are slightly asymmetric, indicating that we need longer time for the averages to fully converge. The velocity profile is similar to what we see for single-phase flow and the flow rate, as Fig is nearly the same. The void fraction profile shows that the bubbles remain distributed the core of the channel and that the region next to the walls is essentially free of bubbles. We expect the average void fraction distribution to eventually exhibit a smoother shape, once the statistics has converged fully. The next two frames show the root mean square of the velocity fluctuations of the three components (left) and the <u’v’> Reynolds stress component. The stream wise velocity fluctuations are largest and peaked at the wall, and the anisotropic Reynolds stress component shows the nearly linear behavior in the center of the channel typically seen in single phase turbulent channel flows unlike what is seen for nearly spherical bubbles forming wall layers, where it is close
Generic Architecture and Localization of a Mobile Robot

In this paper, we aim developing the issue of mobile robot’s localization in a known environment. The robot’s model and map parameters are initially analyzed and defined. A generic architecture of the system is then presented. The localization algorithm is developed based on the robot’s model and data obtained from exteroceptive sensors. A step of optimisation using the Levenberg Marquardt algorithm is then followed. Thereafter, simulation results are described to show the performance of the proposed algorithm. We followed step by step obtained results. Several improvements have been introduced to the algorithm to correct the location process of the mobile robot. Experimental results show that the robot can be tracked with a high accuracy which reflects the efficiency and the reliability of the localization method.
The Use of Quercetin to Improve the Antioxidant and Regenerative Properties of Frozen or Cryopreserved Human Amniotic Membrane

The biological properties of the human amniotic membrane (HAM) and its characteristic ability to be a reservoir of growth factors promoting wound healing make it an ideal biological dressing for the treatment of different clinical conditions, such as burns and non-healing wounds. However, the application of a preservation method on the HAM is required during banking to maintain biological tissue properties and to ensure the release overtime of protein content for its final clinical effectiveness after application on the wound bed. Although cryopreservation and freezing are methods widely used to maintain tissue properties, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced within tissue cellular components during their switching from frozen to thawed state. Consequently, these methods can lead to oxidative stress-induced cell injury, affecting tissue regenerative properties and its final clinical effectiveness. Taking advantage of the antioxidant activity of the natural compound quercetin, we used it to improve the antioxidant and regenerative properties of frozen or cryopreserved HAM tissues. In particular, we evaluated the oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde) as well as the regenerative/biological properties (bFGF growth factor release, wound healing closure, structure, and viability) of HAM tissue after its application. We identified the effectiveness of quercetin on both preservation methods to reduce oxidative damage, as well as its ability to enhance regenerative properties, while maintaining the unaltered structure and viability of HAM tissue. The use of quercetin described in this study appears able to counteract the side effects of cryopreservation and freezing methods related to oxidative stress, enhancing the regenerative properties of HAM. However, further investigations will need to be performed, starting from these promising results, to identify its beneficial effect when applied on burns or non-healing wounds.
Analytical Performance of Hybrid Beam Index Modulation

In this letter, a novel Beam Index Modulation (BIM) architecture with hybrid beamforming is introduced for millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications. Indeed, spatial scattering modulation and BIM have recently been proposed as a potential extension for Spatial Modulation to deal with sparse non Line of Sight channel environments. However, these recent approaches lack complete analyses for practical scenarios. SSM is limited to orthogonal non correlated channel paths and single user up-link scenarios, while BIM was hitherto studied for analog beamforming scenarios in which the interference between the beams is not tackled. Aiming at mitigating such inter-beam interference, we propose in this paper to add a digital precoding layer to the conventional analog-BIM framework, thus leading to a hybrid-BIM scheme. We analyze the performance of such new scheme by deriving the analytic closed form expressions of the achievable spectral efficiency and bit error probability. Simulation results show the validity of our theoretical results and highlight the performance gain brought by the hybrid beamforming strategy applied to BIM mmWave communications.
A Tractable, Transferable, and Empirically Consistent Fibrous Biomaterial Model

Stochastic modeling is a useful approach for modeling fibrous materials that attempts to recreate fibrous materials’ structure using statistical data. However, several issues remain to be resolved in the stochastic modeling of fibrous materials—for example, estimating 3D fiber orientation distributions from 2D data, achieving the desired fiber tortuosity distributions, and dealing with fiber–fiber penetration. This work proposes innovative methods to (1) create a mapping from 2D fiber orientation data to 3D fiber orientation probability distributions, and vice versa; and (2) provide a means to select parameters de novo for random walks employing the popularized von Mises–Fisher distribution given that the desired tortuosity of the path is known. The proposed methods are incorporated alongside previously developed stochastic modeling techniques to simulate fiber network structures. First, fiber orientation distributions vary significantly depending on how a fibrous material is formed, and projection distortion affects the measurement of fiber orientation distributions when reported as 2D data such as histograms or polar plots. Relationships are developed to estimate 3D fiber orientation distributions from 2D data, accounting for projection distortion and the variety of orientation distributions observed in fibrous materials. We show that without correcting for projection distortion, fiber orientation distribution parameters could have errors of up to 100%. Second, in stochastic modeling, fiber tortuosity is usually treated with random walks, but no relationship is available for choosing random walk inputs to generate a desired fiber tortuosity. Relationships are also developed to relate the input parameters of von Mises–Fisher random walks to the expected tortuosity of the generated path—a necessary link to modeling fiber tortuosity distributions tractably and with empirical consistency. Using the developed relationships, we show that modeling of tortuous fibers from a distribution could be sped up by ~1200-fold and the uncertainty of selecting appropriate parameters could be eliminated. Third, randomly placing fibers in a simulation domain inevitably results in fiber–fiber penetration, and correcting this issue requires changes to the simulated fibrous material structure through non-penetration conditions. No thorough remedy can be offered here, but we statistically quantify the effects of enforcing non-penetration conditions on the fiber shape and orientation changes as well as the overall fibrous material model. This work offers tractable and transferable methods for treating fiber orientation and tortuosity that allow for empirical consistency in the stochastic modeling of fibrous materials.
Sliding mode duty cycle control with current balancing algorithm for an interleaved buck converter‐based PV source simulator

Photovoltaic (PV) source simulators are widely used to evaluate the performance of solar inverters and study their grid integration issues in the laboratory settings. Most of the commercial PV simulators are designed based on the programmable dc power supply platform. Owing to bulky output capacitors, the dynamic response and the bandwidth of these PV simulators are significantly limited, which, therefore, cannot meet the requirements to test advanced features of the solar inverters. In this study, a cost-effective high bandwidth PV simulator is proposed. A three-phase interleaved buck converter is utilised as the power stage and a novel sliding mode duty-cycle controller with auto current balancing algorithm is proposed to ensure the accurate and fast reference tracking along with phase current balancing. Both simulation and experimental studies are carried out to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed PV source simulator.
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN KARAKTERISASI ISOLAT DARI FRAKSI n-HEKSANA PADA RUMPUT LAUT (Caulerpa sertularioides) ASAL SINGKAWANG KALIMANTAN BARAT (ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND ISOLATE CHARACTERIZATION OF n-HEXANE FRACTION IN SEAWEED (Caulerpa sertularioides) FROM SINGKAWANG WEST KALIMANTAN)

Seaweed (Caulerpa sertularioides) is one of the marine plants of West Kalimantan, which contains bioactive compounds that can act as antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to determine antioxidant activity and identify components of organic compounds in seaweed C. sertularioides. This research was carried out in several stages, namely extraction, fractionation, antioxidant test (DPPH), vacuum liquid chromatography (KVC), gravity column chromatography (KKG), and two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography (2-Dimensional TLC), and characterization. Antioxidant activity test by DPPH method on methanol extract, n-hexane fraction, and fraction DCM from seaweed C. sertularioides obtained IC50 values of 82.21 g/mL (strong antioxidant), 131.2 g/mL (medium antioxidant), and 192.43 g/mL (weak antioxidant). The results of the FT-IR identification of isolate I4 showed a strong absorption at 3483-3387 cm-1,which was specific for the OH group. The presence of strong absorption of 2926-2854cm-1 C-H stretching group, a wide absorption of 1338 cm-1 of methyl and methylene groups (stretching). There was a strong absorption of 1543-1463 cm-1 C-O ester group (bend), a broad absorption of 1074 cm-1 C-O (stretching), and absorption of 1795-1735 cm-1 specific for the C=O ester group. The results of GC-MS on isolate I4 indicated the main component was compound 1-nonadecene (14.09%), Trifluoroacetoxy hexadecane based on the literature, the compound included the organic component of fatty acids, and esters