Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consumption of nutritive supplements during physical activities in Romania: A qualitative study

Abstract The consumption of nutritional supplements by the population that practices physical activities in a regular, organized manner represents a form of scientific interest for professionals interested in analyzing the somatic and biological changes that occur under the influence of the stimuli provided by nutritional supplements. In this context, based on a new statistical model proposed by the authors, we aimed at assessing nutritional supplement consumption efficiency and the effects felt by the consumers in relation to both the achievement of their health goals and the destructuring of the biological processes following the consumption of these supplements. The new model, created by the authors, can be applied to the population of any other state in the world. The methods used in this article are analytical and prospective, and they are based on a qualitative questionnaire applied to 310 Romanian people who practice sports regularly; the sample group being considered representative for the entire population of Romania by the Cochran W.G. test. The results of the study are useful to both the specialists and the people who take nutritional supplements, and they help in improving the perception regarding the efficiency of these products on various categories, as will be seen from the data provided in this study. Moreover, the results of this analysis are also interesting for the providers of products such as pharmacies and authorized distributors, which can scientifically quantify their supply in the market.
Carotid Doppler Ultrasonography in Patients with Co-existing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension in Nigeria

Background: The co-existence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) has been rising globally with subclinical atherosclerotic complications. These vascular changes can be detected using carotid ultrasonography. Objectives: To determine and compare the carotid arterial structural wall changes and blood flow velocities of adults with co-existing DM and HTN with age- and sex-matched non-diabetic, non-hypertensive controls. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study of 300 participants comprising 200 adults with co-existing DM and HTN and 100 age- and sex-matched controls was done. Their carotid arteries were examined bilaterally for plaques, carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and flow velocities – peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index (RI) using 4–12MHz linear array transducer. Visceral obesity and serum lipids were also assessed. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 56.13 ± 6.93 years; they comprised 38% males and 62% females. The subjects’ CIMT was statistically significantly higher (p = 0.001) with a three-fold mean increase (45.5%) compared to the controls (13.7%). Lower flow velocities but higher indices were also observed in the subjects. Strong and significant correlations were observed between EDV and PI (r =-0.663, p =>0.001), EDV and RI (r = -0.661, p =>0.001) and PI and RI (r =0.988, p = >0.001) among the subjects. Conclusion: Significant reduction in flow velocities with increased CIMT may be an early indication of subclinical atherosclerosis. Therefore, carotid ultrasonography should be mandatory in individuals at risk for early detection and possible prevention of atherosclerotic complications.
SU(n) and U(n) Representations of Three-Manifolds with Boundary

Results are obtained on extending flat vector bundles or equivalently general representations from the fundamental group of S, a connected subsurface of the connected boundary of a compact, connected, oriented 3-dimensional manifold, to the whole manifold M. These are applied to representations of fundamental groups of 3-dimensional rational homology cobordisms. The proofs use the introduction and complete computation up to sign of new numerical invariants which "count with multiplicities and signs" the number of representations up to conjugacy of the fundamental group of M to the unitary group U(n) (resp., the special unitary group SU(n)) which when restricted to S are conjugate to a specified irreducible representation, rho, of the fundamental group of S. These invariants are inspired by Casson's work on SU(2) representations of closed manifolds. All the invariants treated here are independent of the choice of rho. If T equals the difference of the Euler characteristics of S and M and is non-negative, then a T times (dim U(n)) (resp., dim SU(n)) cycle is produced that carries information about the space of such U(n) (resp., SU(n)) representations. For T = 0, the above integer invariant results and it is entirely computed up to sign. For T > 0, under the assumption that rho sends each boundary component of S to the identity, a list of invariants for U(n) (resp. SU(n)) results which are expressed as a homogeneous polynomial in many variables, reminiscent of the work of Donaldson on 4-manifolds.
Development of Dried Chili Paste with Added Indigenous Herbs from Conserved Area of Plant Genetic Conservation at Kanchanaburi Province

The objectives of this research were to serve Plant Genetic Conservation Project under the Royal Initiative of Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn (RSPG) and to promote the use of indigenous plants growing in Kanchanaburi province to be used in the production of healthy food. The main research activity of this study was to develop dried chili paste made with grilled fish by adding local herbs which are Wan-Prao-Hom (Kaempferia roscoeana Wall.), Kra-Chai-Pran (Zingiber citriodorum J. Mood & T. Theleide), Ka-Pa (Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.) Roscoe. ) and Plai (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.). These plants were all identified as indigenous plants. The sensory evaluations were conducted with a 5-point hedonic scale and within the recommended guidelines. The total phenolic compounds were determined and the antioxidant activities of the product were also analyzed via DPPH and ORAC assays. The sensory evaluation score showed that dried chili paste containing 3.7 % chili obtained higher overall liking score than product containing 5.4 % chili. The water activity of product was 0.34 which was in line with the standard protocol of the Thai community. For nutritional values, it presented that one serving size (12 g) of product provided 23 kcal of energy, 4.95 g of protein, 0.48 g of fat, 1.35 g of fiber and 403 mg of sodium. Moreover, the dried chili paste with added indigenous herbs from RSPG at Kanchanaburi had higher total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities than the herbals chili powder with grinded spices product. According to consumer acceptability test, the acceptability level was 92 %, while 88 % said that they would like to buy the product. Therefore, this research can serve as a prototype to develop other local foods having suitable tastes and health-enhancing benefits. Finally, the research may help to create job opportunities and generate the income for people living in the community.
Large inverse magnetocaloric effect in Ni45Co5Mn37.5In12.5 single crystal above 300 K

A large inverse magnetocaloric effect has been observed in a Ni45Co5Mn37.5In12. 5 single crystal at room temperature. Magnetothermal measurements performed at different magnetic fields reveal a nonmagnetic to ferromagnetic transition correlated with the austenite-martensite phase transformation. The Heusler single crystal shows a large entropy change of 30 J/Kg K at an applied magnetic field of 7 T during the first-order magnetostructural transition at 355 K. It leads to a net refrigerant capacity of 267 J/Kg at 7 T, which is very encouraging for magnetic refrigeration applications.
The engagement of histone lysine methyltransferases with nucleosomes: structural basis, regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic implications

Abstract Histone lysine methyltransferases (HKMTs) deposit methyl groups onto lysine residues on histones and play important roles in regulating chromatin structure and gene expression. The structures and functions of HKMTs have been extensively investigated in recent decades, significantly advancing our understanding of the dynamic regulation of histone methylation. Here, we review the recent progress in structural studies of representative HKMTs in complex with nucleosomes (H3K4, H3K27, H3K36, H3K79, and H4K20 methyltransferases), with emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of nucleosome recognition and trans-histone crosstalk by these HKMTs. These structural studies inform HKMTs’ roles in tumorigenesis and provide the foundations for developing new therapeutic approaches targeting HKMTs in cancers.
Effect of Frying on the Quality and Protein Degradation in Mugil cephalus: A Comparative Study of Vacuum and Atmospheric Frying

ABSTRACT Fried Mugil cephalus was investigated under optimal vacuum and atmospheric conditions. The water distribution, texture, and color properties of vacuum-fried samples were enhanced compared with atmospheric-fried samples. Meanwhile, vacuum frying (VF) reduced the total oil content, protein oxidation, and degradation. The molecular weight and amino acid content suggested that protein was well-preserved during VF. In addition, the total carbonyl, free thiol groups, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and Schiff base values were all significantly improved by the VF method compared to atmospheric frying (AF). VF inhibited the shift of amide bands to a higher frequency and the disordering of protein secondary structure. The sample surface morphology shrank under vacuum conditions, likely resulting in the lower fat content of vacuum-fried M. cephalus. Thus, VF improved the quality, water distribution, and microstructure and decreased the protein oxidation and degradation of M. cephalus and was considered a potential method for frying processing.
Gauge Fields in Causal Set Theory

This is the second paper in a series on the dynamics of matter fields in the causal set approach to quantum gravity. We start with the usual expression for the Lagrangian of a charged scalar field coupled to a SU(n) Yang-Mills field, in which the gauge field is represented by a connection form, and show how to write it in terms of holonomies between pairs of points, causal relations, and volumes or timelike distances, all of which have a natural correspondence in the causal set context. In the second part of the paper we present an alternative model, in which the gauge field appears as the result of a procedure inspired by the Kaluza-Klein reduction in continuum field theory, and the dynamics can be derived simply using the gravitational Lagrangian of the theory.
Convergence Rate of the High-Order Finite Difference Method for Option Pricing in a Markov Regime-Switching Jump-Diffusion Model

The high-order finite difference method for option pricing is one of the most popular numerical algorithms. Therefore, it is of great significance to study its convergence rate. Based on the relationship between this algorithm and the trinomial tree method, as well as the definition of local remainder estimation, a strict mathematical proof is derived for the convergence rate of the high-order finite difference method for option pricing in a Markov regime-switching jump-diffusion model. The theoretical result shows that the convergence rate of this algorithm is OΔτ. Moreover, the results also hold in the case of Brownian motion and jump-diffusion models that are specialized forms of the given model.
Good Audit Planning Practices in the Digital Era

The purpose of this study is to identify important considerations that must be carried out by junior auditors in the planning phase in the current digitalization era. This research uses a qualitative study approach by conducting in-depth interviews with experts in auditing, information technology, and the digital economy. The results show that the critical considerations that need to be considered by the junior auditor are a comprehensive understanding of the auditee on 1) Information Technology-Based Accounting System; 2) IT Governance and the Possibility of Digital Fraud; 3) Business risks related to increasingly fierce industry competition; 4) Analytical procedures using big data analysis; and other important things related to the auditors themselves, namely 5) Digital-Based Audit Working Papers. The research results have implications for current audit learning, which must adapt to the audit environment in the digital era. The limitation of this research is that the research area of audit planning aspect is generally discussed. However, the characteristics of each industry are different. Then further research can be developed by linking the planning process with the type of industry.
Adjustment characteristics in terahertz transmission through a split ring resonator-based metamaterial

The artificially structured metamaterials has led to many potential applications in terahertz regime, but the role in adjusting the terahertz transmission still needs to be carefully investigated. Currently, designs with split ring resonator (SRR) based metamaterials can provide a promising approach for understanding the terahertz transmission characteristics. In the experiments, a SRR-based metamaterial is proposed for presenting terahertz transmission characteristics. The substrate of the metamaterial is an n-type gallium arsenide (n-GaAs) film grown over a semiinsulating GaAs wafer. Then, the metallic film, fabricated on n-GaAs, is patterned into an arrayed four-gap microstructure according to traditional ultraviolet photolithography methods. The metal film and n-GaAs film form a Schottky contact. In the experiments, the transmission frequency spectrum of the metamaterial has an obvious fluctuation in the 0.6–1.23 THz and 1.52–2.4 THz range, and the experimental results show that the frequency region of the intensive oscillatory signal essentially agrees with that of the metamaterial characteristic transmission spectrum in the 0.5–2.5 THz range. The terahertz characteristic transmission spectrum of the fabricated metamaterial are measured at the central frequency of ~0.5, ~1.0, ~1.5, ~2.0 and ~2.5 THz, thus the oscillation characteristics can be explained by dipole resonance. The measured time-domain transmission signals and corresponding frequency responses based on the metamaterial agree well with calculated results. Therefore, our research shows a potential application of the transmission adjusting roles in terahertz regime.
ANÁLISIS DE CAMPOS DÉBILES EN LA PREDICCIÓN DE ONDAS GRAVITACIONALES

La interacción gravitacional puede ser entendida a partir de la teoría de la Relatividad General, presentada en 1915, donde se exponen las diferencias entre la aceleración y la gravedad, presentes en una misma realidad, y además, se describen las características del espacio-tiempo y los fundamentos de covariancia. En este documento se muestra un análisis de los límites de campos débiles y su relación con las ondas gravitacionales. Se analizan los aportes que surgieron en 1950-1960 de los científicos Bondi, Sachs, Penrose, entre otros. Finalmente, los resultados muestran las características esenciales de las ondas gravitatorias, además de las similitudes presentes con las ondas electromagnéticas.
Algoritmo de aproximaciones estocásticas para la optimización de procesos industriales

Stochastic approximation algorithms are alternative linear search methods for optimising control systems where the functional relationship between the response variable and the controllable factors in a process and its analytical model remain unknown. These algorithms have no criteria for selecting succession measurements ensuring convergence, meaning that, when implemented in practice, they may diverge with consequent waste of resources. The objective of this research was to determine industrial processes' optimum operating conditions by using a modified stochastic approximation algorithm, where its succession measurements were validated by obtaining response variable values for each iteration through simulation. The algorithm is presented in nine stages; its first six describe which are process independent and dependent variables, the type of experimental design selected, the experiments assigned and developed and the second order models obtained. The last three stages describe how the algorithm was developed, and the optimal values of the independent variables obtained. The algorithm was validated in 3 industrial processes which it was shown to be efficient for determining independent variables' optimum operating conditions (temperature and time): the first three iterations were obtained at 66°C in 3 hours 42 minutes for process 1, unlike processes 2 and 3 where the first iteration was obtained at 66°C in 6 hours 06 minutes and 80°C in 5 hours 06 minutes, respectively.
DESIGN CONSIDERATION, CHALLENGES AND MEASUREMENT ASPECTS OF 5G MM-WAVE ANTENNAS: A REVIEW

|With the supersonic growth of mobile data demand, the (cid:12)fth generation (5G) mobile network would exploit the extensive amount of spectrum in the millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) bands to tremendously increase communication capacity. There are conceptual diﬀerences between mmWave communications and other existing communication systems, in terms of high propagation loss, directivity, and sensitivity to blockage. These characteristics of mm-Wave communications present several challenges to completely exploit the potential of mm-Wave communications, including integrated circuits and system design, interference management, spatial reuse, anti-blockage, and dynamics control. 5G mobile communication systems with sub-6 GHz and millimeter-wave bands are already replacing 4G and 4.5G systems as an evolution towards higher-speed mobile communication and wider bandwidth. From the hardware perspective, the 5G-band causes the miniaturization of RF components including the antennas. In this article, an overview of recent research is presented that discusses design challenges and measurement considerations for various types of compact 5G antennas.
Secure Mobile Edge Computing via a Drone-Enabled FSO-Based Heterogeneous Network

A secure mobile edge computing (<italic>MEC</italic>) framework, which leverages free space optics (<italic>FSO</italic>) to provision backhauling from drone-mounted base stations (<italic>DBSs</italic>) to a macro base station (<italic>MBS</italic>), is proposed. DBSs can work as computing nodes to provide computing services to user equipments (<italic>UEs</italic>) as well as relays to forward the tasks to the MBS at the same time. Both DBSs and MBS are provisioned with servers. UEs can offload their tasks to the MBS directly, DBSs directly, or the MBS via a DBS. The DBSs are to be placed at the optimal locations to provide computing services and uplink communications for the ground UEs. We then formulate the join<underline>T</underline> bandwidth and computation r<underline>E</underline>source assignment, DBS tra<underline>N</underline>smis<underline>S</underline>ion power contr<underline>O</underline>l, UE power cont<underline>R</underline>ol, UE association and DBS placement (TENSOR) problem to jointly maximize the average secrecy rate and minimize the task completion time. Since TENSOR is a mixed-integer nonlinear problem, we decompose it into four sub-problems: resource (bandwidth and computation) assignment and DBS transmission power control problem, UE power control problem, UE association problem, and DBS placement problem. Successive convex approximation and an iterative algorithm are leveraged to solve the four sub-problems separately. In each iteration, we use the output of the first three as the input for the fourth. The performance of our algorithm is superior to the greedy algorithm, block search placement algorithm, and equally shared resource allocation algorithm upon which the average secrecy rate is improved by at least 19%.
Endometriosis through an immunological lens: a pathophysiology based in immune dysregulation

Endometriosis (EMS) is an inflammatory, gynaecologic disease characterized by the growth of endometrial tissues outside the uterus. With no satisfactory therapies or non-invasive diagnostics available, a shift in perspectives on EMS pathophysiology is overdue. The implication of immune dysregulation in EMS pathogenesis and disease progression has been an evolving area of research, with numerous immune and inflammatory pathways identified. Traditional theories regarding the establishment of endometriotic lesions have lacked mechanistic explanations for their proliferation and survival until recent research unearthed the involvement of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in a complex network of immune-endocrine signaling. The unique immunology of EMS is likely owing to estrogen dominance, as endocrine imbalance reliably cultivates immune dysregulation. Many of the phenomena observed in EMS parallel immune biology seen in various cancers, including accelerated somatic mutations in endometrial epithelial cells. Here, the high mutational load leads to EMS neoantigen development which potentially contributes to the lesion immune microenvironment. As well, EMS manifests comorbidity with several chronic inflammatory diseases that share common dysregulation of the interleukin-23 (IL-23)/IL-17 pathway (as seen in inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis). EMS is especially relevant to the study of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) as 60% of EMS patients experience this symptom and chronic inflammation is believed to be central to the process of pain sensitization. Since the onset of the disease usually occurs in adolescence, and diagnosis only occurs years later once moderate to severe symptoms have developed, it is vital to innovate non-invasive diagnostic tools for earlier detection. Several potential biomarkers are being studied, including some cytokines, gene signatures, and extracellular vesicle (EV) signatures. By incorporating the immune perspectives of EMS into our research, approaches to diagnosis, and treatment solutions, the field has more promising avenues to clearly define EMS and offer patients relief.
An Efficient Correspondence Based Algorithm for 2D and 3D Model Based Recognition

A polynomial time algorithm (pruned correspondence search, PCS) with good average case performance for solving a wide class of geometric maximal matching problems, including the problem of recognizing 3D objects from a single 2D image, is presented. Efficient verification algorithms, based on a linear representation of location constraints, are given for the case of affine transformations among vector spaces and for the case of rigid 2D and 3D transformations with scale. Some preliminary experiments suggest that PCS is a practical algorithm. Its similarity to existing correspondence based algorithms means that a number of existing techniques for speedup can be incorporated into PCS to improve its performance.
Asymptotic behavior of the martingale type integral functionals for unstable solutions to stochastic differential equations

We consider functionals of the type (cid:2) t 0 g ( ξ ( s )) dW ( s ), t ≥ 0. Here g is a real valued and locally square integrable function, ξ is a unique strong solution of the Itˆo stochastic diﬀerential equation dξ ( t ) = a ( ξ ( t )) dt + dW ( t ), a is a measurable real valued bounded function such that | xa ( x ) | ≤ C . The behavior of these functionals is studied as t → ∞ . The appropriate normalizing factor and the explicit form of the limit random variable are established.
Optimal control of systems with continuous and discrete states

We consider optimal control design for systems that involve continuous and discrete states. The discontinuous nature of such a system results in the inconsistency of the derivatives of the objective function used by gradient-based numerical optimization algorithms. To avoid this difficulty, we propose a novel algorithm using constrained differential dynamic programming to solve the optimal control problem. <<ETX>>