Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using an academic-community partnership model to deliver evidence-based falls prevention programs in a metropolitan setting: A community case study

Background Prevention is an effective approach for mitigating the negative health outcomes associated with falls in older adults. The Administration for Community Living (ACL) has sponsored the implementation of evidence-based falls prevention programs (EBFPPs) across the United States through cooperative agreement grants to decrease the health and economic burden of falls. Marymount University received two of these grants to deliver three EBFPPs into the northern Virginia region. This community case study describes the development of a collaboration between a university and community-based organizations to adopt and implement multiple evidence-based programming in an area where none previously existed. Methods Through an academic-community partnership, EBFPPs were introduced to and implemented by senior-focused organizations. Target adopters were senior and community centers, multi-purpose senior services organizations, recreational organizations, and residential facilities serving older adults. The three EBFPPs were (1) Stay Active and Independent for Life (SAIL), (2) a Matter of Balance (MOB) and (3) Otago Exercise Program (OEP). Key interdependent project elements included: (1) fostering ongoing community organization collaboration, (2) introducing programs in the community, (3) growing and sustaining delivery sites, (4) preparing trained program leaders, and (5) building community demand for the programs. Results From August 2016–June 2022, 5,857 older adults participated in one of the three EBFPPs. SAIL classes were offered at 33 sites and MOB workshops at 31 with over 70% of them occurring at community or senior centers. OEP was offered at 4 sites. Factors that influenced the implementation of these programs included having: key advocates at host organizations, programs embedded into site workflows, sufficient capacity and workforce, engaged invested partners, and flexibility in working with a complex set of agencies and systems with different administrative structures. Conclusion By connecting academic faculty with various community members from multiple sectors, new initiatives can be successfully implemented. Results from this ACL-funded project indicate that using an academic-community partnership model to build relationships and capacity for ongoing delivery of health promotion programming for older adults is feasible and effective in delivering EBFPPs. In addition, academic-community partnerships can develop a strong network of invested partners to foster continued support of fall prevention activities.
Aberrant resting-state brain activity in Huntington's disease: A voxel-based meta-analysis

Introduction Functional neuroimaging could provide abundant information of underling pathophysiological mechanisms of the clinical triad including motor, cognitive and psychiatric impairment in Huntington's Disease (HD). Methods We performed a voxel-based meta-analysis using anisotropic effect size-signed differential mapping (AES-SDM) method. Results 6 studies (78 symptomatic HD, 102 premanifest HD and 131 healthy controls) were included in total. Altered resting-state brain activity was primarily detected in the bilateral medial part of superior frontal gyrus, bilateral anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyrus, left insula, left striatum, right cortico-spinal projections area, right inferior temporal gyrus area, right thalamus, right cerebellum and right gyrus rectus area. Premanifest and symptomatic HD patients showed different alterative pattern in the subgroup analyses. Discussion The robust and consistent abnormalities in the specific brain regions identified in the current study could help to understand the pathophysiology of HD and explore reliable neuroimaging biomarkers for monitoring disease progression, or even predicting the onset of premanifest HD patients.
Current, emerging, and potential therapies for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been identified as the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, with a growing incidence. NAFLD is considered the hepatic manifestation of a metabolic syndrome that emerges from multiple factors (e.g., oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cell death, and inflammation). Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an advanced form of NAFLD, has been reported to be a leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma, and it is progressing rapidly. Since there is no approved pharmacotherapy for NASH, a considerable number of therapeutic targets have emerged with the deepening of the research on NASH pathogenesis. In this study, the therapeutic potential and properties of regulating metabolism, the gut microbiome, antioxidant, microRNA, inhibiting apoptosis, targeting ferroptosis, and stem cell-based therapy in NASH are reviewed and evaluated. Since the single-drug treatment of NASH is affected by individual heterogeneous responses and side effects, it is imperative to precisely carry out targeted therapy with low toxicity. Lastly, targeted therapeutic agent delivery based on exosomes is proposed in this study, such that drugs with different mechanisms can be incorporated to generate high-efficiency and low-toxicity individualized medicine.
Cultural collectivism, intimate partner violence, and women's mental health: An analysis of data from 151 countries

Culture, defined as the distinctive, learned beliefs and patterns of behavior that are particular to a given group or community, is a key determinant of mental health. The cultural dimension of individualism-collectivism, which measures the extent to which a given society accords importance to individuals as opposed to larger groups, has been associated with cross-national variations in mental health outcomes such as depression and suicide. However, this cultural dimension is also associated with variations in the frequency of intimate partner violence (IPV), which has a significant and sustained adverse impact on women's mental health. This study examines the relationships between individualism-collectivism, the frequency of IPV, and rates of depression and suicide in women, based on data from 151 countries. In this data set, IPV was significantly associated with age-standardized rates of depression and suicide in women, even after adjusting for demographic variables. Cultural collectivism was positively correlated with IPV, but this relationship was significantly influenced by national income and women's educational attainment. In multivariate analyses, IPV, but not cultural collectivism, remained significantly associated with depression in women. These results highlight the importance of screening for and addressing IPV in women seeking mental health care, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where cultural and economic factors may both increase the risk of IPV and delay or impede its reporting.
The etiology and evolution of magnetic resonance imaging-visible perivascular spaces: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives Perivascular spaces have been involved in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Upon a certain size, these spaces can become visible on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), referred to as enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) or MRI-visible perivascular spaces (MVPVS). However, the lack of systematic evidence on etiology and temporal dynamics of MVPVS hampers their diagnostic utility as MRI biomarker. Thus, the goal of this systematic review was to summarize potential etiologies and evolution of MVPVS. Methods In a comprehensive literature search, out of 1,488 unique publications, 140 records assessing etiopathogenesis and dynamics of MVPVS were eligible for a qualitative summary. 6 records were included in a meta-analysis to assess the association between MVPVS and brain atrophy. Results Four overarching and partly overlapping etiologies of MVPVS have been proposed: (1) Impairment of interstitial fluid circulation, (2) Spiral elongation of arteries, (3) Brain atrophy and/or perivascular myelin loss, and (4) Immune cell accumulation in the perivascular space. The meta-analysis in patients with neuroinflammatory diseases did not support an association between MVPVS and brain volume measures [R: −0.15 (95%-CI −0.40–0.11)]. Based on few and mostly small studies in tumefactive MVPVS and in vascular and neuroinflammatory diseases, temporal evolution of MVPVS is slow. Conclusion Collectively, this study provides high-grade evidence for MVPVS etiopathogenesis and temporal dynamics. Although several potential etiologies for MVPVS emergence have been proposed, they are only partially supported by data. Advanced MRI methods should be employed to further dissect etiopathogenesis and evolution of MVPVS. This can benefit their implementation as an imaging biomarker. Systematic review registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/display_record. php? RecordID=346564, identifier CRD42022346564.
Exosome and virus infection

Exosomes are messengers of intercellular communication in monolayer vesicles derived from cells. It affects the pathophysiological process of the body in various diseases, such as tumors, inflammation, and infection. It has been confirmed that exosomes are similar to viruses in biogenesis, and exosome cargo is widely involved in many viruses’ replication, transmission, and infection. Simultaneously, virus-associated exosomes can promote immune escape and activate the antiviral immune response of the body, which bidirectionally modulates the immune response. This review focuses on the role of exosomes in HIV, HBV, HCV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection and explores the prospects of exosome development. These insights may be translated into therapeutic measures for viral infections and reduce the disease burden.
Measuring objective fatigability and autonomic dysfunction in clinical populations: How and why?

Fatigue is a major symptom in many diseases, often among the most common and severe ones and may last for an extremely long period. Chronic fatigue impacts quality of life, reduces the capacity to perform activities of daily living, and has socioeconomical consequences such as impairing return to work. Despite the high prevalence and deleterious consequences of fatigue, little is known about its etiology. Numerous causes have been proposed to explain chronic fatigue. They encompass psychosocial and behavioral aspects (e.g., sleep disorders) and biological (e.g., inflammation), hematological (e.g., anemia) as well as physiological origins. Among the potential causes of chronic fatigue is the role of altered acute fatigue resistance, i.e. an increased fatigability for a given exercise, that is related to physical deconditioning. For instance, we and others have recently evidenced that relationships between chronic fatigue and increased objective fatigability, defined as an abnormal deterioration of functional capacity (maximal force or power), provided objective fatigability is appropriately measured. Indeed, in most studies in the field of chronic diseases, objective fatigability is measured during single-joint, isometric exercises. While those studies are valuable from a fundamental science point of view, they do not allow to test the patients in ecological situations when the purpose is to search for a link with chronic fatigue. As a complementary measure to the evaluation of neuromuscular function (i.e., fatigability), studying the dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is also of great interest in the context of fatigue. The challenge of evaluating objective fatigability and ANS dysfunction appropriately (i.e.,. how? ) will be discussed in the first part of the present article. New tools recently developed to measure objective fatigability and muscle function will be presented. In the second part of the paper, we will discuss the interest of measuring objective fatigability and ANS (i.e. why? ). Despite the beneficial effects of physical activity in attenuating chronic fatigue have been demonstrated, a better evaluation of fatigue etiology will allow to personalize the training intervention. We believe this is key in order to account for the complex, multifactorial nature of chronic fatigue.
Brainstem neural mechanisms controlling locomotion with special reference to basal vertebrates

Over the last 60 years, the basic neural circuitry responsible for the supraspinal control of locomotion has progressively been uncovered. Initially, significant progress was made in identifying the different supraspinal structures controlling locomotion in mammals as well as some of the underlying mechanisms. It became clear, however, that the complexity of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) prevented researchers from characterizing the detailed cellular mechanisms involved and that animal models with a simpler nervous system were needed. Basal vertebrate species such as lampreys, xenopus embryos, and zebrafish became models of choice. More recently, optogenetic approaches have considerably revived interest in mammalian models. The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) is an important brainstem region known to control locomotion in all vertebrate species examined to date. It controls locomotion through intermediary cells in the hindbrain, the reticulospinal neurons (RSNs). The MLR comprises populations of cholinergic and glutamatergic neurons and their specific contribution to the control of locomotion is not fully resolved yet. Moreover, the downward projections from the MLR to RSNs is still not fully understood. Reporting on discoveries made in different animal models, this review article focuses on the MLR, its projections to RSNs, and the contribution of these neural elements to the control of locomotion. Excellent and detailed reviews on the brainstem control of locomotion have been recently published with emphasis on mammalian species. The present review article focuses on findings made in basal vertebrates such as the lamprey, to help direct new research in mammals, including humans.
Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy in adolescents with multiple psychiatric diagnoses

Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy is a promising new treatment for a variety of mental disorders of adolescence. There is currently an adolescent mental health crisis, with a high prevalence of disorders, diagnostic complexity, and many adolescents failing to respond to conventional treatments. While there is strong evidence for the use of ketamine in adults for a variety of treatment-refractory mental illnesses, research in adolescents is in its early stages. Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) has been described in adults with promising results and here we present the first published cases of the use of KAP in adolescents. The four cases include adolescents aged 14–19 at the initiation of treatment, each with a variety of comorbid diagnoses including treatment-resistant depression, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, anxiety, panic, and trauma-related symptoms. They each initially received sublingual ketamine, followed by sessions with intramuscular ketamine. Their courses varied, but each had symptomatic and functional improvements, and the treatment was well-tolerated. Subjective patient reports are included. Rapid resolution of symptomatology and suffering often occurs within months as the result of the application of KAP to adolescent psychiatric care but is not inevitable. Family involvement in the treatment process appears to be essential to success. The development of this modality may have a singularly positive impact that will expand the psychiatric toolbox and its healing potency.
Gene expression changes in therapeutic ultrasound-treated venous leg ulcers

Introduction Low-frequency, low-intensity ultrasound has been previously shown to promote healing of chronic wounds in humans, but mechanisms behind these effects are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate gene expression differences in debrided human venous ulcer tissue from patients treated with low-frequency (20 kHz), low-intensity (100 mW/cm2) ultrasound compared to a sham treatment in an effort to better understand the potential biological mechanisms. Methods Debrided venous ulcer tissue was collected from 32 subjects one week after sham treatment or low-frequency, low-intensity ultrasound treatment. Of these samples, 7 samples (3 ultrasound treated and 4 sham treated) yielded sufficient quality total RNA for analysis by ultra-high multiplexed PCR (Ampliseq) and expression of more than 24,000 genes was analyzed. 477 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed between the ultrasound and sham groups using cut-off values of p < 0.05 and fold change of 2. Results and Discussion The top differentially expressed genes included those involved in regulation of cell metabolism, proliferation, and immune cell signaling. Gene set enrichment analysis identified 20 significantly enriched gene sets from upregulated genes and 4 significantly enriched gene sets from downregulated genes. Most of the enriched gene sets from upregulated genes were related to cell-cell signaling pathways. The most significantly enriched gene set from downregulated genes was the inflammatory response gene set. These findings show that therapeutic ultrasound influences cellular behavior in chronic wounds as early as 1 week after application. Considering the well-known role of chronic inflammation in impairing wound healing in chronic wounds, these results suggest that a downregulation of inflammatory genes is a possible biological mechanism of ultrasound-mediated venous chronic wound healing. Such increased understanding may ultimately lead to the enhancement of ultrasound devices to accelerate chronic wound healing and increase patient quality of life.
Infectious viruses from transfected SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA

SARS-CoV-2 emerged at the end of 2019, and like other novel pathogens causing severe symptoms, WHO recommended heightened biosafety measures for laboratories working with the virus. The positive-stranded genomic RNA of coronaviruses has been known to be infectious since the 1970s, and overall, all experiments with the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 propagation are carried out in higher containment level laboratories. However, as SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been routinely handled in BSL-2 laboratories, the question of the true nature of RNA infectiousness has risen along with discussion of appropriate biosafety measures. Here, we studied the ability of native SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA to produce infectious viruses when transfected into permissive cells and discussed the biosafety control measures related to these assays. In transfection assays large quantities of genomic vRNA of SARS-CoV-2 was required for a successful production of infectious viruses. However, the quantity of vRNA alone was not the only factor, and especially when the transfected RNA was derived from infected cells, even small amounts of genomic vRNA was enough for an infection. Virus replication was found to start rapidly after transfection, and infectious viruses were detected in the cell culture media at 24 h post-transfection. In addition, silica membrane-based kits were shown to be as good as traditional TRI-reagent based methods in extracting high-quality, 30 kb-long genomic vRNA. Taken together, our data indicates that all transfection experiments with samples containing genomic SARS-CoV-2 RNA should be categorized as a propagative work and the work should be conducted only in a higher containment BSL-3 laboratory.
Fructose potentiates the protective efficiency of live Edwardsiella tarda cell vaccine

Vaccination is an effective measure to prevent infection by pathogens. Live vaccines have higher protective efficacy than inactivated vaccines. However, how live vaccines interact with the host from a metabolic perspective is unknown. The present study aimed to explore whether a live Edwardsiella tarda vaccine regulates host metabolism and whether this regulation is related to the protective efficacy of the vaccine. Therefore, a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics approach was used to investigate the metabolomic profile of mice serum after vaccination with live E. tarda vaccine. Fructose was identified as a key biomarker that contributes to the immune protection induced by the live vaccine. Moreover, co-administration of exogenous fructose and the live vaccine synergistically promoted survival of mice and fish after bacterial challenge. These results indicate that metabolites, especially fructose, can potentiate the live E. tarda vaccine to increase its protective efficiency.
Threshold Region Performance of Maximum Likelihood Direction of Arrival Estimators

This paper presents a performance analysis of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator for finding the directions of arrival (DOAs) with a sensor array. The asymptotic properties of this estimator are well known. In this paper, the performance under conditions of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a small number of array snapshots is investigated. It is well known that the ML estimator exhibits a threshold effect, i.e., a rapid deterioration of estimation accuracy below a certain SNR or number of snapshots. This effect is caused by outliers and is not captured by standard techniques such as the Cram? r-Rao bound and asymptotic analysis. In this paper, approximations to the mean square estimation error and probability of outlier are derived that can be used to predict the threshold region performance of the ML estimator with high accuracy. Both the deterministic ML and stochastic ML estimators are treated for the single-source and multisource estimation problems. These approximations alleviate the need for time-consuming computer simulations when evaluating the threshold region performance. For the special case of a single stochastic source signal and a single snapshot, it is shown that the ML estimator is not statistically efficient as SNR ? > ? > due to the effect of outliers.
Vision meets algae: A novel way for microalgae recognization and health monitor

Marine microalgae are widespread in the ocean and play a crucial role in the ecosystem. Automatic identification and location of marine microalgae in microscopy images would help establish marine ecological environment monitoring and water quality evaluation system. We proposed a new dataset for the detection of marine microalgae and a range of detection methods, the dataset including images of different genus of algae and the same genus in different states. We set the number of unbalanced classes in the data set and added images of mixed water samples in the test set to simulate the actual situation in the field. Then we trained, validated and tested the, TOOD, YOLOv5, YOLOv8 and variants of RCNN algorithms on this dataset. The results showed both one-stage and two-stage object detection models can achieve high mean average precision, which proves the ability of computer vision in multi-object detection of microalgae, and provides basic data and models for real-time detection of microalgal cells.