Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dimensional scales and diagnostic categories: constructing crosswalks for child psychopathology assessments.

In thi s Special Section we offer a varied, hopefully palatable sampler of studies using a range of different methods, study designs. populations, and assessme nt instruments to exam ine the relationship between symptom scales and categorical diagnoses. At the heart of this Special Section lies the question , What is one to make of the "false-positive" case, that is, on e that shows elevation s on a symptom scale or screening instrument, yet does not meet full criteria for any diagnostic condition according to DSM-/~ Unfortunately. the issue of whether categorical or dimension al assays of psychopathology are superior has too lon g polari zed the disciplines of psychiatr y and psychology. Although a fair amount of journal space has been expended on these issues, onl y rarely have studies brought together both methods into the same investigation and compared them head to head (jensen , 199 5}. To what extent do es psychopathology address a construct with dimension al qualities, varying only in terms of its placement in time or space on the normal continuum from other persons within the population? Or when do our notions of psychopath ology suggest qu alitat ively different construc ts? In other words , is "having the blues" not the same thing as clinical depression ,
High Dynamic Sensorless Control of Induction Machines at Zero Speed Using Transient Excitation Technique

High dynamic controlled operation of induction motors implies the knowledge of the machine's main flux position to be known at any time instant. Speed sensorless field oriented control schemes do not require a shaft sensor to determine the necessary flux position in the whole frequency range. This has the advantage of decreased costs and increased reliability of the drive. Although used in the higher frequency range, methods only based on fundamental wave models will deteriorate at low or zero fundamental stator frequency due to the lack of signal. Signal injection techniques are able to guarantee a stable operation even at zero frequency using inherent saturation or slotting saliency effects. This allows a calculation of the flux- or rotor position independent from the fundamental frequency. The injected signal can be a balanced polyphase high frequency excitation or, as it is used in this paper, a transient stimulation with voltage pulses. With the injection of additional signals into the machine, the resulting control signal obtained can be noisy what may cause problems for the control loop. To overcome this drawback, the scheme proposed in this paper combines both, a signal injection method and a fundamental wave method in the low frequency range and at zero frequency. The signal injection method output is used to stabilize the fundamental wave model what results in a smooth output much more suitable for the control scheme. The advantage of this structure is, that the dynamic performance is not reduced, as is the case with conventional filtering methods. Measurement results using a standard induction machine are given to show the performance of the proposed structure
Cosmological constant and vacuum energy: old and new ideas

The cosmological constant (CC) term in Einstein's equations, Λ, was first associated to the idea of vacuum energy density. Notwithstanding, it is well-known that there is a huge, in fact appalling, discrepancy between the theoretical prediction and the observed value picked from the modern cosmological data. This is the famous, and extremely difficult, "CC problem". Paradoxically, the recent observation at the CERN Large Hadron Collider of a Higgs-like particle, should actually be considered ambivalent: on the one hand it appears as a likely great triumph of particle physics, but on the other hand it wide opens Pandora's box of the cosmological uproar, for it may provide (alas! ) the experimental certification of the existence of the electroweak (EW) vacuum energy, and thus of the intriguing reality of the CC problem. Even if only counting on this contribution to the inventory of vacuum energies in the universe, the discrepancy with the cosmologically observed value is already of 55 orders of magnitude. This is the (hitherto) "real" magnitude of the CC problem, rather than the (too often) brandished 123 ones from the upper (but fully unexplored! ) ultrahigh energy scales. Such is the baffling situation after 96 years of introducing the Λ-term by Einstein. In the following I will briefly (and hopefully pedagogically) fly over some of the old and new ideas on the CC problem. Since, however, the Higgs boson just knocked our door and recalled us that the vacuum energy may be a fully tangible concept in real phenomenology, I will exclusively address the CC problem from the original notion of vacuum energy, and its possible "running" with the expansion of the universe, rather than venturing into the numberless attempts to replace the CC by the multifarious concept of dark energy.
The spatial-temporal association between mrteorological factors and bacillary dysentery

BackgroundBacillary dysentery remains a worldwide public health problem, which has been found to have spatial–temporal heterogeneity, however most studies have only focused on the disease from either a time or space perspective, the spatial–temporal association between them has been still unclear. MethodIn this study, the Bayesian space–time hierarchy model was used to identify the spatial-temporal patterns of this disease in Shandong province, China. And then GeoDetector was used to quantify the determinant power of meteorological factors and their interactive effect among different regions in Shandong. ResultsThe results indicated that, temporally, the incidence peaked in summer. Geographically, the hot spots were distributed discretely among three regions, among which the effect of meteorological factors on this disease exist significant discrepancy. The most important two dominant factors of eastern coastal region were wind speed and average temperature, with determinant powers of 28% and 25%, respectively. The first two dominant factors of western inland region were average temperature and precipitation, with determinant powers of 47% and 32%, respectively. The first two dominant factors of middle region were average temperature and wind speed, with determinant powers of 66% and 48%, respectively. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that in a hot and humid environment would boost the transmission of bacillary dysentery, which can be served as a suggestion and basis for the surveillance and will be helpful for this disease control and implementing disease-prevention policies.
Supplementary Materials for DASO: Distribution-Aware Semantics-Oriented Pseudo-Label for Imbalanced Semi-Supervised Learning

C. Detailed Experimental Setup 4 C.1. Benchmarks . 4 C.2. Training Details . 4 C.3. Implementation Details . 4
Rare Earth Element (REE) and Critical Mineral Fractions of Central Appalachian Coal-Related Strata Determined by 7-Step Sequential Extraction

Rare earth elements (REEs) and critical minerals (CMs) are used in many modern industries, including the automotive sector, generation and storage, clean energy, and defense. The demand for REEs is increasing, and the REE supply chain is unpredictable. The US has driven to assess non-conventional sources of REE (such as coal underclay) to identify domestic resources to stabilize this uncertainty in supply. Knowledge of the minerology, distribution, and modes of occurrence of REEs is integral to the assessment of non-conventional sources. Additionally, extraction techniques can be optimized and targeted when REE distribution in different solid fractions from source material is understood. In this study, four bituminous coal-related samples associated with the Lower and Middle Kittanning coal seams in the Appalachian Basin (US) underwent a seven-step sequential extraction procedure, primarily targeting the water-soluble, exchangeable, acid soluble, mildly reducible, moderately reducible, strongly reducible, and oxidizable fractions. The REE and other elements of interest from each extraction step were analyzed, and the percentages of element extracted from raw solids were calculated. REEs extracted from the total seven steps were reported as the extractable fraction, whereas the fractions in the residual solids were reported as the non-extractable fraction. Less than 6% of REE were extracted from three samples. Twenty-one percent of REE was extracted from the fourth sample, mainly from the steps targeting oxidizable and exchangeable phases. Co-extraction of critical metals (Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) occurred during the oxidizable, exchangeable, acid soluble, and water-soluble steps for the four samples. In the extracted fractions, the four samples all exhibited a middle and heavy REE enrichment relative to light REE. The mobility of major cation (e.g., Ca, Fe, and P) and REE is associated with exchangeable, oxidizable, and acid soluble fractions. Non-extractable REE is likely held in refractory apatitic phases, and/or primary REE-phosphates (e.g., monazite and xenotime).
Quasar host environments: The view from Planck

We measure the far-infrared emission of the general quasar (QSO) population using Planck observations of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey QSO sample. By applying multi-component matched multi-filters to the seven highest Planck frequencies, we extract the amplitudes of dust, synchrotron, and thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) signals for nearly 300000 QSOs over the redshift range 0.1 . We bin these individual low signal-to-noise measurements to obtain the mean emission properties of the QSO population as a function of redshift. The emission is dominated by dust at all redshifts, with a peak at z ~ 2, the same location as the peak in the general cosmic star formation rate. Restricting analysis to radio-loud QSOs, we find synchrotron emission with a monochromatic luminosity at 100GHz (rest-frame) rising from [? ] to 0.2 L_⊙ Hz^-1 between z = 0 and 3. The radio-quiet subsample does not show any synchrotron emission, but we detect thermal SZ between z = 2.5 and 4; no significant SZ emission is seen at lower redshifts. Depending on the supposed mass for the halos hosting the QSOs, this may or may not leave room for heating of the halo gas by feedback from the QSO.
Temporal variations in black carbon recorded on Rishiri Island, northern Japan

Copyright © 2015 by The Geochemical Society of Japan. (Bond et al., 2004; Wang et al., 2011) where the combustion of coal and biofuel is the major source of BC (Wang et al., 2011), and as such the country is considered to be the largest emitter of BC in the world. According to Zhang et al. (2009), BC emissions in China were estimated at 1.8 Tg in 2006. Japan is located in the atmospheric outflow region of Eurasia. Excluding megacities, studies focusing on the long-range transport of BC from China have been conducted extensively in southern (Koga et al., 2008; Kondo et al., 2011a; Verma et al., 2011) and central areas of Japan (Kaneyasu et al., 2007; Liu et al., 2013). However, only a few studies have reported variations in BC in the remote northern area. Using elemental carbon (EC) measurements on Rishiri and Sado Islands from March 1 to May 31, 2001, Matsumoto et al. (2003) reported that transport patterns of polluted air masses from the East Asian continent to the northern region of the northwestern Pacific often differ from those of the southern regions. It is therefore considered important to examine how polluted air masses migrate throughout an entire year (thereby encompassing all the seasons), and how the air quality changes both temporally and spatially. Since May 2012, we have measured equivalent BC (hereafter BC, Petzold et al., 2013) using an aethalometer (AE31, Magee Scientific, California, USA) on Rishiri Island, which is located on the northern tip of Hokkaido, Japan, to examine the long-range transport of BC emitted in China. During this study period, a cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) analyzer (G2401, Picarro), which Temporal variations in black carbon recorded on Rishiri Island, northern Japan
Novelty detection in video retrieval: finding new news in TV news stories

Novelty detection is defined as the detection of documents that provide "new" or previously unseen information. "New information" in a search result list is defined as the incremental information found in a document based on what the user has already learned from reviewing previous documents in a given ranked list of documents. It is assumed that, as a user views a list of documents, their information need changes or evolves, and their state of knowledge increases as they gain new information from the documents they see. The automatic detection of "novelty" , or newness, as part of an information retrieval system could greatly improve a searcher’s experience by presenting "documents" in order of how much extra information they add to what is already known, instead of how similar they are to a user’s query. This could be particularly useful in applications such as the search of broadcast news and automatic summary generation. There are many different aspects of information management, however, this thesis, presents research into the area of novelty detection within the content based video domain. It explores the benefits of integrating the many multi modal resources associated with video content those of low level feature detection evidences such as colour and edge, automatic concepts detections such as face, commercials, and anchor person, automatic speech recognition transcripts and manually annotated MPEG7 concepts into a novelty detection model. The effectiveness of this novelty detection model is evaluated on a collection of TV new data.
Qualitative research and case study applications in education

THE DESIGN OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH. 1. What is Qualitative Research? 2. Case Studies as Qualtitative Research. 3. Designing the Study and Selecting a Sample. COLLECTING QUALITATIVE DATA. 4. Conducting Effective Interviews. 5. Being a Careful Observer. 6. Mining Data from Documents. 7. Collecting Data in Case Studies. ANALYZING AND REPORTING QUALITATIVE DATA. 8. Analytic Techniques and Data Management. 9. Levels of Analysis. 10. Dealing with Validity, Reliability and Ethics. 11. Writing Reports and Case Studies.
Protocol design and optimization for QoS provisioning in wireless mesh networks

Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) has been recognized as a promising step towards the goal of ubiquitous broadband wireless Internet access. By exploiting the state-of-the-art radio and multi-hop networking technologies, mesh nodes in WMN collaboratively form a stationary wireless communication backbone. Data between clients and the Internet is routed through a series of mesh nodes via one or multiple paths. Such a mesh structure enables WMN to provide clients high-speed Internet access services with a less expensive and easier-to-deployment wireless infrastructure comparing to the wired counterparts. Due to the unique characteristics of WMN, existing protocols and schemes designed for other wellstudied wireless networks, such as Wi-Fi and Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET), are not suitable for WMN and hence cannot be applied to WMN directly. Therefore, novel protocols specifically designed and optimized for WMN are highly desired to fully exploit the mesh architecture. The goal is to provide high-level Quality-of-Service (QoS) to WMN clients to enable a rich portfolio of wireless and mobile applications and scenarios. This dissertation investigates the following important issues related to QoS provisioning in WMN: high throughput routing between WMN clients and the Internet, fairness provisioning among WMN clients and network-level capacity optimization. We propose innovative solutions to address these issues and improve the performance, scalability and reliability of WMN. In addition, we develop CyMesh, a multi-radio multi-channel (MRMC) wireless mesh network testbed, to evaluate the capacity and performance of WMN in real world environments. Extensive simulation (using the QualNet simulator) and experimental (over the CyMesh testbed) results demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed protocols. In particular, we learn that the system capacity of WMN can be improved significantly by exploiting the MRMC network architecture and the antenna directionality of radios equipped on mesh
Computation Schemes for Transfer Operators: Reasons to believe in your computational results

Acknowledgements iii Introduction 1 1 Operators 5 1.1 Fundamentals . 5 1.2 Transfer Operators . 14 1.3 Related Operators . 23 2 Computation schemes 35 2.1 State of the Art . 35 2.2 Basic Computation . 45 2.3 The Girsanov Reweighting Scheme . 63 3 Make it Reversible 73 3.1 The Reversible Property . 73 3.2 Finding the Closest Reversible Matrix . 74 3.3 Complexity and Eigenvalues . 82 Summary 93 Zusammenfassung 95 Bibliography 97
Domain Adaptive Few-Shot Learning for ISAR Aircraft Recognition with Transferred Attention and Weighting Importance

With the enhancement of air-based and space-based perception capabilities, space-aeronautics incorporation and integration is growing in importance. Full domain awareness is crucial for integrated perception systems, in which domain adaptation is one of the key problems in improving the performance of cross-domain perception. Deep learning is currently an advanced technique for complex inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) object recognition. However, the training procedure needs many annotated samples, which is insufficient for certain targets, such as aircraft. Few-shot learning provides a new approach to solving the above problem by transferring useful knowledge from other domains, such as optical images from satellites. Nevertheless, it fails to fully consider the domain shift between the source and target domains, generally neglecting the transferability of training samples in the learning process. Consequently, it produces suboptimal recognition accuracy. To address the composite problems mentioned above, we propose a domain adaptive few-shot learning method from satellites to an ISAR called S2I-DAFSL for aircraft recognition tasks. Furthermore, unlike conventional domain adaptation methods that directly align the distributions, the attention transferred importance-weighting network (ATIN) is proposed to improve the transferability in the domain adaptation procedure. Compared with state-of-the-art methods, it shows that the proposed method achieves better performance, increasing the accuracy and effectiveness of classification, which is more suitable for cross-domain few-shot ISAR aircraft recognition tasks.
Structure and function of the B-cell antigen receptor.

INTRODUCTION . 377 STRUCTURE OF THE B CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTOR . 378 SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION FUNCTION OF THE ANTIGEN RECEPTOR . 382 TARGETS OF ANTIGEN RECEPTOR-STIMULATED TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION . 390 ANTIGEN UPTAKE FUNCTION OF THE ANTIGEN RECEPTOR . 396 ROLE OF THE B CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTOR IN B CELL DEVELOPMENT . 399 CONCLUSIONS . 402
Deformation by grain boundary sliding and slip creep versus diffusional creep

A review is presented of the debates between the present authors and other investigators regarding the possible role of diffusional creep in the plastic flow of polycrystalline metals at low stresses. These debates are recorded in eleven papers over the past seventeen years. ln these papers it has been shown that the creep rates of materials in the so-called "diffusional creep region" are almost always higher than those predicted by the diffusional creep theory. Additionally, the predictions of grain size effects and stress exponents from diffusional creep theory are often not found in the experimental data. Finally, denuded zones have been universally considered to be direct evidence for diffusional creep; but, those reported in the literature are shown to be found only under conditions where a high stress exponent is observed. Also, the locations of the denuded zones do not match those predicted. Alternative mechanisms are described in which diffusion-controlled dislocation creep and/or grain boundary sliding are the dominant deformation processes in low-stress creep. It is proposed that denuded zones are formed by stress-directed grain boundary migration with the precipitates dissolving in the moving grain boundaries. The above observations have led us to the conclusion that grain boundary sliding andmore » slip creep are in fact the principal mechanisms for observations of plastic flow in the so-called "diffusional creep regions". « less
Book1099 — " C01 " — 2007/2/16 — 18:26 — Page 2 — #2 2 Introduction 1.1 Architecture of the Internet: Present and Future 1.1.1 the Present

INTRODUCTION The Internet, with its robust and reliable Internet Protocol (IP), is widely considered the most reachable platform for the current and next generation information infrastructure. The virtually unlimited bandwidth of optical fiber has tremendously increased the data transmission speed over the past decade. Availability of unlimited bandwidth has stimulated high-demand multimedia services such as distance learning, music and video download, and videoconferencing. Current broadband access technologies, such as digital subscriber lines (DSLs) and cable television (CATV), are providing affordable broadband connection solutions to the Internet from home. Furthermore, with Gigabit Ethernet access over dark fiber to the enterprise on its way, access speeds are expected to largely increase. It is clear that the deployment of these broadband access technologies will result in a high demand for large Internet bandwidth. To keep pace with the Internet traffic growth, researchers are continually exploring faster transmission and switching technologies. The advent of optical transmission technologies, such as dense wave division multiplexing (DWDM), optical add-drop multiplexers, and ultra-long-haul lasers have had a large influence on lowering the costs of digital transmission. For instance, 300 channels of 11.6 Gbps can be wavelength-division multiplexed on a single fiber and transmitted over 7000 km [1]. In addition, a 1296 × 1296 optical cross-connect (OXC) switching system using micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) with a total switching capacity of 2.07 petabits/s has been demonstrated [2]. In the rest of this chapter, we explore state-of-the-art network infrastructure, future design trends, and their impact on next generation routers. We also describe router architectures and the challenges involved in designing high-performance large-scale routers. Today's Internet is an amalgamation of thousands of commercial and service provider networks. It is not feasible for a single service provider to connect two distant nodes on the Internet. Therefore, service providers often rely on each other to connect the dots. Depending on the size of network they operate, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) can be broken down into three major categories. Tier-1 ISPs are about a dozen major telecommunication companies, such as UUNet, Sprint, Qwest, XO Network, and AT&T, whose high-speed global networks form the Internet backbone. Tier-1 ISPs do not buy network capacity from other providers; instead, they sell or lease access to their backbone resource to smaller Tier-2 ISPs, such as America Online and Broadwing. Tier-3 ISPs are typically regional service providers such as Verizon and RCN through whom most enterprises connect to the Internet. Figure …