Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Canaloplasty and Trabeculotomy Ab Interno Combined with Cataract Surgery: 12-Month Outcomes in Hispanic Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma

Introduction Between 2010 and 2019, the Hispanic demographic increased in the US from 16% to 18%. Hispanic ethnicity accounted for 52% of US population growth over this period. By 2035, Hispanic males will be the largest primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) demographic; by 2050, Hispanics will account for 50% of POAG. Glaucoma in the Hispanic population is more prevalent than for non-Hispanic Whites with a higher proportion undiagnosed. While the Hispanic demographic is growing there remains much to be learned regarding specific risk factors for OAG in this population and how they may differ between the Hispanic and non-Hispanic White demographics. Population differences may have an effect on response to medical or surgical therapeutics therefore it is important to understand effectiveness and safety of glaucoma therapeutics within this significant demographic. Published data regarding the performance of various minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries in the Hispanic population remains relatively sparse. This study reports 12-month outcomes for canaloplasty followed by trabeculotomy (OMNI Surgical System, Sight Sciences, Menlo Park, CA) in conjunction with cataract surgery in a Hispanic (Northern Mexico/mestizo) open-angle glaucoma (OAG) population from El Paso, Texas.
How should we appropriately classify low-risk uterine cervical cancer patients suitable for de-intensified treatment?

Abstract We suggested de-escalation would be possible for cervical cancer like human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer. However, the classification was based on tumor shrinkage that can be obtained after half of the treatment was finished. Our other article found adverse factors which can be obtained prior to treatment, and they might classify patients earlier.
Inhibition of Aldose Reductase by Novel Phytocompounds: A Heuristic Approach to Treating Diabetic Retinopathy

Aldose reductase (ALR2) activation in the polyol pathway has been implicated as the primary mechanism for the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Most of the aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs), used for the treatment of diabetic complications, were withdrawn due to ineffective treatment and adverse side effects caused by nonspecificity. Epalrestat, a carboxylic acid inhibitor, is the only ARI used for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, though associated with minor side effects to 8% of the treated population. Our study exploited the interactions of Epalrestat-ALR2 crystal structure for the identification of specific phytocompounds that could inhibit human lens ALR2. 3D structures of plant compounds possessing antidiabetic property were retrieved from PubChem database for inhibition analysis, against human lens ALR2. Among the shortlisted compounds, Agnuside and Eupalitin-3-O-galactoside inhibited lens ALR2 with IC50 values of 22.4 nM and 27.3 nM, respectively, compared to the drug Epalrestat (98 nM), indicating high potency of these compounds as ALR2 inhibitors. IC50 concentration of the identified ARIs was validated in vitro using ARPE-19 cells. The in silico and in vitro approaches employed to identify and validate specific and potent ALR2 inhibitors resulted in the identification of phytocompounds with potency equal to or better than the ALR2 inhibiting drug, Epalrestat.
Expert consensus on nursing management for patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic

DOI: 10.4103/cp. cp_9_20 intRoduction T he prevention and control of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2[1] is now more critical than ever. The National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China classified COVID-19 as a Category B infectious disease, as stipulated by the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and took preventive and control measures defined for Category A infectious diseases. [2] By January 29, 2020, the highest-level (Level I) response for major public health emergencies had been initiated against COVID-19 in 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China. Among the uncontrolled spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, prevention and control in China remains critical.
DEVELOPMENT OF MODEL FOR HOUSEHOLD PHARMACEUTICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

The aim of this study is to develop a regional model of pharmaceutical waste management based on the principles of life cycle assessment. Its task is to minimize noticeable risks to human health and the environment, which are the consequence of an inadequate pharmaceutical waste management system. The research was grounded on basic eco-toxicological characteristics of ATC groups of pharmaceuticals. It is focused towards the development of a model for managing expired household medications, taking into account the fact that 90% of pharmaceutical waste is home-generated. The basis of the model comprises of multi-criteria optimization of pharmaceutical waste management process. The survey covered 2600 households in the area of the city of Nis, which is 5.24% of Serbia’s total population and 5.15% of the total number of households in Serbia. A special part of the questionnaire comprises the list of household medications according to the ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) classification system. In the households in the study area, there were 8.21 medication packages per household, of which 12.22% (slightly more than one package per household) were medicines which had expired. Based on results obtained, the projected quantities of expired medications in Serbia will be 74 920 kg / year. The main feature of a developed regional model is to allow the application of methods for treatment of small quantities of pharmaceutical waste, as recommended by the WHO. The model grounded on ATC classification system is compatible with the classification based on environmental and health risk assessment of pharmaceuticals.
Prevalence & spectrum of congenital anomalies at a tertiary care centre in north India over 20 years (1998-2017)

Background & objectives: Congenital anomalies lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Systematically published data on the prevalence and spectrum of congenital anomalies from India are scarce. This study was aimed to ascertain the prevalence, spectrum, trend, and outcome of congenital anomalies at a tertiary care centre in north India over two decades. Methods: Electronic records of all live births from January 1998 to December 2017 were retrieved, and the neonates with congenital anomaly were included in this retrospective analysis. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, tenth revision (ICD-10) was used for uniformity and international comparison. The further sub-categorization was done as per the WHO birth defects surveillance manual. The prevalence of individual as well as overall congenital anomalies was calculated. Run charts were used to analyze the trends. Results: In the two decades studied (1998-2017), there were 86850 live births, of which 1578 [1.82%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.73-1.91%] neonates had a major congenital anomaly. The overall prevalence of anomalies was 182 (95% CI: 173-191) per 10,000 live births. Malformation of the circulatory system was the most common (28.0%) followed by musculoskeletal (18.6%) and urinary system (14.3%). Congenital anomaly-related death rate was 6.78 per 1000 live births. No significant trend was observed in the annual prevalence, individual malformations or contribution of congenital anomalies to overall mortality over the two decades. Interpretation & conclusions: Our results showed a high prevalence of congenital anomalies which could be responsible for significant mortality, warranting the need for a national surveillance programme and birth defect services. It is important to have a national database to know the overall burden and spectrum of congenital anomalies in the country.
Biomechanical analysis and model development applied to table tennis forehand strokes

Table tennis playing involves complex spatial movement of the racket and human body. It takes much effort for the novice players to better mimic expert players. The evaluation of motion patterns during table tennis training, which is usually achieved by coaches, is important for novice trainees to improve faster. However, traditional coaching relies heavily on coaches qualitative observation and subjective evaluation. While past literature shows considerable potential in applying biomechanical analysis and classification for motion pattern assessment to improve novice table tennis players, little published work was found on table tennis biomechanics. To attempt to overcome the problems and fill the gaps, this research aims to quantify the movement of table tennis strokes, to identify the motion pattern differences between experts and novices, and to develop a model for automatic evaluation of the motion quality for an individual. Firstly, a novel method for comprehensive quantification and measurement of the kinematic motion of racket and human body is proposed. In addition, a novel method based on racket centre velocity profile is proposed to segment and normalize the motion data. Secondly, a controlled experiment was conducted to collect motion data of expert and novice players during forehand strokes. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the motion differences between the expert and the novice groups. The experts exhibited significantly different motion patterns with faster racket centre velocity and smaller racket plane angle, different standing posture and joint angular velocity, etc. Lastly, a support vector machine (SVM) classification technique was employed to build a model for motion pattern evaluation. The model development was based on experimental data with different feature selection methods and SVM kernels to achieve the best performance (F1 score) through cross-validated and Nelder-Mead method. Results showed that the SVM classification model exhibited good performance with an average model performance above 90% in distinguishing the stroke motion between expert and novice players. This research helps to better understand the biomechanical mechanisms of table tennis strokes, which will ultimately aid the improvement of novice players. The phase segmentation and normalization methods for table tennis strokes are novel, unambiguous and straightforward to apply. The quantitative comparison identified the comprehensive differences in motion between experts and novice players for racket and human body in continuous phase time, which is a novel contribution. The proposed classification model shows potential in the application of SVM to table tennis biomechanics and can be exploited for automatic coaching.
Mental Rotation Skill Shapes Haptic Exploration Strategies

Haptic exploration strategies have been traditionally studied focusing on hand movements and neglecting how objects are moved in space. However, in daily life situations touch and movement cannot be disentangled. Furthermore, the relation between object manipulation as well as performance in haptic tasks and spatial skill is still little understood. In this study, we used iCube, a sensorized cube recording its orientation in space as well as the location of the points of contact on its faces. Participants had to explore the cube faces where little pins were positioned in varying number and count the number of pins on the faces with either even or odd number of pins. At the end of this task, they also completed a standard visual mental rotation test (MRT). Results showed that higher MRT scores were associated with better performance in the task with iCube both in term of accuracy and exploration speed and exploration strategies associated with better performance were identified. High performers tended to rotate the cube so that the explored face had the same spatial orientation (i.e., they preferentially explored the upward face and rotated iCube to explore the next face in the same orientation). They also explored less often twice the same face and were faster and more systematic in moving from one face to the next. These findings indicate that iCube could be used to infer subjects’ spatial skill in a more natural and unobtrusive fashion than with standard MRTs.
Learn from Experience to Build Competence: A Model for Structuring Active Learning Practices in Virtual Learning Environments

This chapter explore the research issues about effective learning environments and propose a model for designing instructional activities for Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs), based on doing meaningful experience and proficient paths of: reflection on experience, abstraction of principles, practice and automatization of principles application, transferring of the principle to other contexts and situations. The model is inspired from classical experiential learning cycles and propose activities with four keymoments: Challenge Debriefing Abstracting/Generalizing Automatization/Transfer (CDAA). As discussed, the model can meet many instances drawn either from research on learning in cognitive science and research in the effectiveness of instructional strategies.
Tryptophan Supplementation Increases the Production of Microbial-Derived AhR Agonists in an In Vitro Simulator of Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays an important role in intestinal homeostasis, and some microbial metabolites of tryptophan are known AhR agonists. In this study, we assessed the impact of tryptophan supplementation on the formation of tryptophan metabolites, AhR activation, and microbiota composition in the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME). AhR activation, microbial composition, and tryptophan metabolites were compared during high tryptophan supplementation (4 g/L tryptophan), control, and wash-out periods. During tryptophan supplementation, the concentration of several tryptophan metabolites was increased compared to the control and wash-out period, but AhR activation by fermenter supernatant was significantly decreased. This was due to the higher levels of tryptophan, which was found to be an antagonist of AhR signaling. Tryptophan supplementation induced most microbial changes in the transverse colon including increased relative abundance of lactobacillus. We conclude that tryptophan supplementation leads to increased formation of AhR agonists in the colon.
Transmission characteristics of multi-walled carbon nanotube-based through-silicon vias considering temperature effects

In this study, a simplified temperature-dependent expression of electron mean free path (MFP) is proposed first. Then, the electrical model of multi-walled carbon nanotube bundle-based through-silicon vias (MWCNTB-TSVs) is established considering the temperature effects of the MFP, metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitance, substrate conductance and number of conducting channels of MWCNT. Based on this model, the propagation constant, forward transmission coefficient S 21 and crosstalk at different temperatures are calculated. By analysing the phase constant, the zero dispersion transmission condition is obtained. According to this condition, the guidelines on how to select the substrate in different level integrations are proposed. Furthermore, a concise formula for the equivalent conductivity of MWCNTB is proposed. Moreover, the minimum diameter of MWCNTB-TSV whose attenuation is less than that of copper-filled TSV has been deduced.
The Atypical Cobalamin-Dependent S-Adenosyl-l-Methionine Nonradical Methylase TsrM and Its Radical Counterparts

Cobalamin (Cbl)-dependent S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) radical methylases are known for their use of a dual cofactor system to perform challenging radical methylation reactions at unactivated carbon and phosphorus centers. These enzymes are part of a larger subgroup of Cbl-dependent AdoMet radical enzymes that also perform difficult ring contractions and radical rearrangements. This subgroup is a largely untapped reservoir of diverse chemistry that requires steady efforts in biochemical and structural characterization to reveal its complexity. In this Perspective, we highlight the significant efforts over many years to elucidate the function, mechanism, and structure of TsrM, an unexpected nonradical methylase in this subgroup. We also discuss recent achievements in characterizing radical methylase subgroup members that exemplify how key tools in mechanistic enzymology are valuable time and again. Finally, we identify recent enzyme activity studies that have made use of bioinformatic analyses to expand our definition of the subgroup. Additional breakthroughs in radical (and nonradical) enzymatic chemistry and challenging transformations from the unexplored space of this subgroup are undoubtedly on the horizon.
Dose‐escalated simultaneously integrated boost radiation protocol fails to result in a survival advantage for sinonasal tumors in dogs

Abstract The prognosis for canine sinonasal tumors remains rather poor despite definitive‐intent radiotherapy (RT). Theoretical calculations predicted improved outcomes with simultaneously integrated boost (SIB) protocols. With the hypothesis of clinically detectable differences in outcome between groups, our retrospective study evaluated prognostic variables and outcome in dogs treated with regular versus SIB RT. Dogs with sinonasal tumors treated with either a regular (10 × 4.2 Gy) or new SIB protocol (10 × 4.83 Gy to macroscopic tumor) were included. Information regarding signalment, tumor stage, type, clinical signs, radiation toxicity, response, and outcome was collected. Forty‐nine dogs were included: 27 treated regularly and 22 treated with SIB RT. A total of 69.4% showed epistaxis, 6.1% showed epileptic seizures, 46.9% showed stage IV tumors, and 6.1% showed lymph node metastases. Early toxicity was mostly mild. Late grade 1 skin toxicity (alopecia/leucotrichia) was seen in 72.1% of dogs, and a possible grade 3 ocular toxicity (blindness) was seen in one dog. Complete/partial resolution of clinical signs was seen in 95.9% of patients as best clinical response and partial remission was seen as best imaging response in 34.7%. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 274 days (95% CI: 117–383) for regular and 300 days (95% CI: 143–451) for SIB RT, which was not significantly different (P = 0.42). Similarly, the median overall survival (OS) was 348 days (95% CI: 121–500) for regular and 381 days (95% CI: 295–634) for the SIB RT (P = 0.18). Stratified by protocol, the hazard ratio of stage IV versus stage I–III tumors was 2.29 (95% CI: 1.156‐4.551, P = 0.02) for OS but not PFS. All dogs showed acceptable toxicity. In contrast to theoretical predictions, however, we could not show a statistically significant better outcome with the new protocol.
Inter‐trial theta phase consistency during face processing in infants is associated with later emerging autism

A growing body of research suggests that consistency in cortical activity may be a promising neurophysiological marker of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the current study we examined inter‐trial coherence, a measure of phase consistency across trials, in the theta range (t‐ITC: 3–6 Hz), as theta has been implicated in the processing of social and emotional stimuli in infants and adults. The sample included infants who had an older sibling with a confirmed ASD diagnosis and typically developing (TD) infants with no family history of ASD. The data were collected as part of the British Autism Study of Infant Siblings (BASIS) study. Infants between 6 and 10 months of age (Mage = 7.34, SDage = 1.21) performed a visual face processing task that included faces and scrambled, “face noise”, stimuli. Follow‐up assessments in higher likelihood infants were completed at 24 and again at 36 months to determine diagnostic outcomes. Analysis focused on posterior t‐ITC during early (0–200 ms) and late (200–500 ms) visual processing stages commonly investigated in infant studies. t‐ITC over posterior scalp regions during late stage face processing was significantly higher in TD and higher likelihood infants without ASD (HRA−), indicating reduced consistency in theta‐band responses in higher likelihood infants who eventually receive a diagnosis of ASD (HRA+). These findings indicate that the temporal dynamics of theta during face processing relate to ASD outcomes. Reduced consistency of oscillatory dynamics at basic levels of infant sensory processing could have downstream effects on learning and social communication.
Temporal lobe epilepsy lateralisation and surgical outcome prediction using diffusion imaging

Objective We sought to augment the presurgical workup of medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy by creating a supervised machine learning technique that uses diffusion-weighted imaging to classify patient-specific seizure onset laterality and surgical outcome. Methods 151 subjects were included in this analysis: 62 patients (aged 18–68 years, 36 women) and 89 healthy controls (aged 18–71 years, 47 women). We created a supervised machine learning technique that uses diffusion-weighted metrics to classify subject groups. Specifically, we sought to classify patients versus healthy controls, unilateral versus bilateral temporal lobe epilepsy, left versus right temporal lobe epilepsy and seizure-free versus not seizure-free surgical outcome. We then reduced the dimensionality of derived features with community detection for ease of interpretation. Results We classified the subject groups in withheld testing data sets with a cross-fold average testing areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.745 for patients versus healthy controls, 1.000 for unilateral versus bilateral seizure onset, 0.662 for left versus right seizure onset, 0.800 for left-sided seizure-free vsersu not seizure-free surgical outcome and 0.775 for right-sided seizure-free versus not seizure-free surgical outcome. Conclusions This technique classifies important clinical decisions in the presurgical workup of temporal lobe epilepsy by generating discerning white-matter features. We believe that this work augments existing network connectivity findings in the field by further elucidating important white-matter pathology in temporal lobe epilepsy. We hope that this work contributes to recent efforts aimed at using diffusion imaging as an augmentation to the presurgical workup of this devastating neurological disorder.