Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Tension Type Headache among Young Adults and Their Gender Difference on Percieved Stress Scale: A Comparative Study

Background: Tension-type headaches (TTH), together with migraines, are the most common primary headaches, affecting 80% of the general population. Stress is known to be a contributing factor to chronic tension-type headache (CTH), with research indicating that mental stress is the most commonly reported trigger and aggravating factor of a CTH episode. The study was conducted to find out the prevalence of TTH among youths of 18-25 age reporting frequent headache and to compare the perceived stress level among the diagnosed male and females of TTH. Methods: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) rating and an IHS (International Headache Society) TTH Diagnostic questionnaire were used in this study. A sample of 150 students including 75 males and 75 females in the age group of 18-25 years complaining of frequent headache were taken from different colleges and universities located in Rewari district of Haryana. In the second phase, only the diagnosed cases of tension type headache participated in the study and fill the perceived stress scale questionnaire. After data collection, analysis of data using SPSS software was done which then further help in testing the hypothesis and extracting the result and inferences. Descriptive analysis of quantitative data expressed as mean and standard deviation. Mean and Chi square test were used for comparison of individual on quantitative parameters between groups. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of subjects with TTH was 22.79 ±2.14. Prevalence of TTH among frequent headache sufferers is 68%. Out of 68% TTH cases 66.7% subjects have episodic TTH and 33.3% have chronic TTH. Value of PSS * Gender Pearson chi square is 5.151 at a significance value of . 076 and it shows that there would be no significant differences exist between males and females on perceived stress score. Conclusion: TTH is more prevalent among females as compared to males. No significant differences exist between males and females on perceived stress scores.
University of Birmingham Perception of visual-tactile colocation in the first year of life

An ability to perceive tactile and visual stimuli in a common spatial frame of reference is a crucial ingredient in forming a representation of one ’ s own body and the interface between bodily and external space. In this study we investigated young infants ’ abilities to perceive co-location between tactile and visual stimuli presented on the hands. We examined infants ’ visual preferences for spatially congruent and incongruent visual-tactile events across two age groups (6-months and 10-month). We observed increased duration of looking to incongruent stimuli displays in both age groups, indicating that infants from at least 6 months of age demonstrate the ability to determine whether simultaneously presented visual-tactile perceptual events are co-located or not. These findings indicate that an ability to perceive visual and tactile stimuli within a common spatial frame of reference is available by the end of the first half year of life.
A fresh look at η 2 ( 1645 ) , η 2 ( 1870 ) , η 2 ( 2030 ) and f 2 ( 1910 ) in ¯ pp → ηπ 0 π 0 π 0

There is a large discrepancy between results of Crystal Barrel and WA102 for the branching ratio R = BR [ η 2 ( 1870 ) → a 2 ( 1320 )π ] / BR [ η 2 ( 1870 ) → f 2 ( 1270 )η ] . An extensive re-analysis of the Crystal Barrel data redeter-mines branching ratios for decays of η 2 ( 1870 ) , η 2 ( 1645 ) , η 2 ( 2030 ) and f 2 ( 1910 ) . This re-analysis conﬁrms a small value for R of 1 . 60 ± 0 . 39, inconsistent with the value 20 . 4 ± 6 . 6 of WA102. The likely origin of the discrepancy is that the WA102 data contain a strong f 2 ( 1910 ) → a 2 π signal as well as η 2 ( 1870 ) . There is strong evidence that the η 2 ( 1870 ) has resonant phase variation. A peak in f 2 ( 1270 )a 0 ( 980 ) conﬁrms closely the parameters of the a 2 ( 2255 ) resonance observed previously. A peak in η 2 ( 2030 )π is interpreted nat-urally in terms of π 2 ( 2245 ) with reduced errors for mass and width M = 2285 ± 20 ( stat ) ± syst ) MeV, ( ) ( syst ) MeV.
Data-and physic-driven user power clustering method

This paper deeply studies the user load clustering method and user industry correlation indicators, proposes a massive power user clustering algorithm based on data-physical characteristics driven jointly. The case study in this paper proves that this method not only ensures the quality of user load clustering, but also greatly ensures the consistency of user industry categories within the class.
Series arc fault detection of complex branch based on CNN_LSTM model

When the simulation series arc fault occurs in the actual circuit, we find that the more complex the type and quantity of the load connected to the circuit end, the more difficult it is to detect. The collected trunk current signal has the characteristics of timing, periodicity and non-stationarity. To solve this problem, a series arc-fault detection method combining convolutional neural network (CNN) and long and short time memory network (LSTM) is proposed. Al l kinds of collected current data are directly fed into the improved CNN_LSTM model for fault data detection. The test results show that this method can quickly and accurately identify arc fault, and the accuracy rate is more than 99.04%. Moreover, It can accurately detect which kind of load branch occurs arc fault, and the accuracy rate is 97.90%. This method provides a reference for the research of the arc-fault detection under complex branches.
Breast cancer detection chat robot based on convolutional neural network and term frequency–inverse document frequency

A breast cancer chat robot is used to provide medical information to patients and soothe their anxiety. Many researches are focusing on the chatbots' important conversational skills in breast cancer consultation. However, most current breast cancer chatbots ignore breast cancer diagnosis, which is one of the main reasons for patients' anxiety. In this paper, we present a chat robot to perform the breast cancer diagnosis, generate responses to users, and provide them with information related to breast cancer. Our chat robot consists of three parts, breast cancer detection, chatting function, and user interface. In breast cancer detection, we first resize, rotate and normalize the images, and then load and fine-tune the pre-trained Resnet-152 with SGDM. For the chatting function, we normalize the texts and use TF-IDF to find the true answer in the whole list for users. At last, we encapsulate breast cancer detection and chatting functions into the user interface. The experimental results show that the chat robot could detect breast cancer accurately and give true responses to users. Our analyses illustrate that our chat robot can assist in diagnosis and treatment by saving time, sharing more information with patients, and analyzing images of slices.
Practical fixed-time stability analysis of discrete-time network systems via sliding mode control

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the practical fixed-time stability of discrete-time networks systems. The proposed stability is appropriate for the discrete-time systems and real applications. In general, the autonomous systems with disturbance are not easy to achieve the objective. Thus, the sliding mode control approach is applied to achieve the stability. Then the main results are presented. Finally, the effectiveness is illustrated by a numerical simulation.
WMH Segmentation Challenge, MICCAI 2017

Overview The model developed is similar in architecture to [1], with the following key differences: 1. We used receptive fields of size 5x5 in the first convolutional layer, and 3x3 in all other layers. 2. We used fewer filters in all except the first convolutional layer (20, 20, 40, 55 versus 20, 40, 80, 110) 3. We used more neurons in the fully connected layers after fusing (450, 400, 400, 200, 3 versus 900, 200, 2) 4. We did not find value using spatial features
H I V T R A N S M I S S I O N Breast-feeding and HIV: an update

Breast-feeding is a route of transmission of HIV from an infected mother to her infant. However, breast-feeding is an important pillar of child survival and the ideal way of feeding an infant, as well as providing a unique biological and emotional basis for child development. This article highlights the dilemma created by the risks and benefits of breastfeeding and will discuss factors that increase the risk of HIV transmission during breast-feeding as well as strategies that could be employed to reduce these risks. Many questions remain unanswered.
Corrosion of titanium alloys in primary water of nuclear pressurised water reactor

Corrosion of three titanium alloys (T40, TA6V and Ti10-2-3) has been studied in primary water conditions for durations going from 24 h to 3499 h. Oxides formed were observed and analysed by X ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Glow Discharge - Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GD-OES), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) ASTAR, Photoelectrochemistry (PEC) and nanoindentation. Influence of chemical composition and microstructure of alloys on corrosion mechanisms has been investigated. Oxides of the three alloys were made of a dense layer and surface crystallites. The dense oxide layer of T40 was made of TiO 2 rutile whereas it consisted of TiO 2 anatase for both TA6V and Ti10-2-3. Surface crystallites of the three alloys were composed of TiO 2 anatase and FeTiO 3 ilmenite. Oxide dissolution and precipitation phenomenon were found to play a key role in the corrosion mechanisms. Oxygen vacancies were identified as the point defect diffusing in the three alloys dense oxide layer. Oxygen penetration inside the alloy below the oxide layer was not observed.
Replication stalling activates SSB for recruitment of DNA damage tolerance factors

Translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerases bypass DNA lesions that block replicative polymerases, allowing cells to tolerate DNA damage encountered during replication. It is well known that most bacterial TLS polymerases must interact with the sliding clamp processivity factor to carry out TLS, but recent work in Escherichia coli has revealed that single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB) plays a key role in enriching the TLS polymerase Pol IV at stalled replication forks in the presence of DNA damage. It remains unclear how this interaction with SSB enriches Pol IV in a stalling-dependent manner given that SSB is always present at the replication fork. In this study we use single-molecule imaging in live E. coli cells to investigate this SSB-dependent enrichment of Pol IV. We find that Pol IV is enriched through its interaction with SSB in response to a range of different replication stresses, and that changes in SSB dynamics at stalled forks may explain this conditional Pol IV enrichment. Finally, we show that other SSB-interacting proteins (SIPs) are likewise selectively enriched in response to replication perturbations, suggesting that this mechanism is likely a general one for enrichment of repair factors near stalled replication forks.
Cellular segregation in co-cultures driven by differential adhesion and contractility on distinct time scales

Cellular sorting and pattern formation are crucial for many biological processes such as development, tissue regeneration, and cancer progression. Prominent physical driving forces for cellular sorting are differential adhesion and contractility. Here, we studied the segregation of epithelial co-cultures containing highly contractile, ZO1/2-depleted MDCKII cells (dKD) and their wildtype (WT) counterparts using multiple quantitative, high-throughput methods to monitor their dynamical and mechanical properties. We observe a time-dependent segregation process, governed mainly by differential contractility on short (< 5 h) and differential adhesion on long (> 5 h) time scales, respectively. The overly contractile dKD cells exert strong lateral forces on their WT neighbors, thereby apically depleting their surface area. This is reflected in a six-fold difference in excess surface area between both cell types. The lateral forces lead to a four-to sixfold increase in tension at all junctions that are in contact with the contractile cells including the interface between heterotypic cell-cell contacts. Concomitantly, the tight junction-depleted, contractile cells exhibit weaker cell-cell adhesion and lower traction force. Drug-induced contractility reduction and partial calcium depletion delay the initial segregation but cease to change the final demixed state, rendering differential adhesion the dominant segregation force at longer time scales. This well-controlled model system shows how cell sorting is accomplished through a complex interplay between differential adhesion and contractility and can be explained largely by generic physical driving forces. Significance Statement Fundamental biological processes, such as tissue morphogenesis during development, rely on the correct sorting of cells. Cellular sorting is governed by basic physical properties such as the adhesion between cells and their individual contractility. Here, we study the impact of these parameters in co-cultures consisting of epithelial wildtype cells and overly contractile, less adhesive tight junction-depleted ones. We find time-dependent segregation into clusters: differential contractility drives fast segregation on short-time scales, while differential adhesion dominates the final segregated state over longer times.
Adaptation of Cyanobacteria to the Endolithic Light Spectrum in Hyper-Arid Deserts

In hyper-arid deserts, endolithic microbial communities survive in the pore spaces and cracks of rocks, an environment that enhances water retention and filters UV radiation. The rock colonization zone is enriched in far-red light (FRL) and depleted in visible light. This poses a challenge to cyanobacteria, which are the primary producers of endolithic communities. Many species of cyanobacteria are capable of Far-Red Light Photoacclimation (FaRLiP), a process in which FRL induces the synthesis of specialized chlorophylls and remodeling of the photosynthetic apparatus, providing the ability to grow in FRL. While FaRLiP has been reported in cyanobacteria from various low-light environments, our understanding of light adaptations for endolithic cyanobacteria remains limited. Here, we demonstrated that endolithic Chroococidiopsis isolates from deserts around the world synthesize chlorophyll f, an FRL-specialized chlorophyll when FRL is the sole light source. The metagenome-assembled genomes of these isolates encoded chlorophyll f synthase and all the genes required to implement the FaRLiP response. We also present evidence of FRL-induced changes to the major light-harvesting complexes of a Chroococidiopsis isolate. These findings indicate that endolithic cyanobacteria from hyper-arid deserts use FRL photo-acclimation as an adaptation to the unique light transmission spectrum of their rocky habitat.
A crescendo of competent coding (c3) contains the Standard Genetic Code

The Standard Genetic Code (SGC) can arise by fusion of partial codes evolved in different individuals, perhaps for differing prior tasks. Such code fragments can be unified into an SGC after later evolution of accurate third-position Crick wobble. Late wobble advent fills in the coding table, leaving only later development of final translational initiation and termination in separate domains of life. This code fusion mechanism is computationally implemented here. C3 fusion before late Crick wobble (c3-lCw) is tested for its ability to evolve the SGC. Compared with the previously-studied evolution of isolated coding tables, or with increasing numbers of similar, but non-fusing codes, code fusions reach the SGC sooner, work in a smaller population, and present more accurate and more complete codes more frequently. Notably, a crescendo of SGC-like codes is exposed to selection for an extended period. c3-lCw also effectively suppresses varied disordered assignments, unifying the coding table. Such codes approach the SGC, making its selection seem likely. Given unexceptional conditions, ≈ 1 of 22 c3-lCw environments evolves codes with ≥ 20 assignments and ≤ 3 differences from the SGC, including some with assignments identical to the SGC.
Visualizing and manipulating hyperstabilization of T cell microvilli contacts by engineered chimeric antigen receptors

T cells typically recognize their ligands using a defined cell biology – the scanning of their membrane microvilli to palpate their environment – while that same membrane scaffolds T cell receptors (TCRs) that can signal upon ligand binding. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) present both a therapeutic promise as well as a tractable means to study the interplay between receptor affinity, microvillar dynamics and T cell function. CARs are often built using single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) with far greater affinity than that of natural TCRs. We used high resolution lattice lightsheet (LLS) and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) imaging to visualize microvillar scanning in the context of variations in CAR design. This demonstrated that conventional CARs hyper-stabilized microvillar contacts relative to TCRs. Reducing the affinity and/or avidity of binding brought synapse microvillar dynamics into natural ranges, normalized synapse resolution and improved downstream effector function. This work highlights the importance of understanding the underlying cell biology when designing receptors for optimal antigen engagement.
Large RNP granules in Caenorhabditis elegans oocytes have distinct phases of RNA-binding proteins

Abstract The germ line provides an excellent in vivo system to study the regulation and function of RNP granules. Germ granules are conserved germ line-specific RNP granules that are positioned in the Caenorhabditis elegans adult gonad to function in RNA maintenance, regulation, and surveillance. In Caenorhabditis elegans, when oogenesis undergoes extended meiotic arrest, germ granule proteins and other RNA-binding proteins assemble into much larger RNP granules whose hypothesized function is to regulate RNA metabolism and maintain oocyte quality. To gain insight into the function of oocyte RNP granules, in this report, we characterize distinct phases for four protein components of RNP granules in arrested oocytes. We find that the RNA-binding protein PGL-1 is dynamic and has liquid-like properties, while the intrinsically disordered protein MEG-3 has gel-like properties, similar to the properties of the two proteins in small germ granules of embryos. We find that MEX-3 exhibits several gel-like properties but is more dynamic than MEG-3, while CGH-1 is dynamic but does not consistently exhibit liquid-like characteristics and may be an intermediate phase within RNP granules. These distinct phases of RNA-binding proteins correspond to, and may underlie, differential responses to stress. Interestingly, in oocyte RNP granules, MEG-3 is not required for the condensation of PGL-1 or other RNA-binding proteins, which differs from the role of MEG-3 in small, embryonic germ granules. Lastly, we show that the PUF-5 translational repressor appears to promote MEX-3 and MEG-3 condensation into large RNP granules; however, this role may be associated with regulation of oogenesis.
Accurate angular integration with only a handful of neurons

To flexibly navigate, many animals rely on internal spatial representations that persist when the animal is standing still in darkness, and update accurately by integrating the animal’s movements in the absence of localizing sensory cues. Theories of mammalian head direction cells have proposed that these dynamics can be realized in a special class of networks that maintain a localized bump of activity via structured recurrent connectivity, and that shift this bump of activity via angular velocity input. Although there are many different variants of these so-called ring attractor networks, they all rely on large numbers of neurons to generate representations that persist in the absence of input and accurately integrate angular velocity input. Surprisingly, in the fly, Drosophila melanogaster, a head direction representation is maintained by a much smaller number of neurons whose dynamics and connectivity resemble those of a ring attractor network. These findings challenge our understanding of ring attractors and their putative implementation in neural circuits. Here, we analyzed failures of angular velocity integration that emerge in small attractor networks with only a few computational units. Motivated by the peak performance of the fly head direction system in darkness, we mathematically derived conditions under which small networks, even with as few as 4 neurons, achieve the performance of much larger networks. The resulting description reveals that by appropriately tuning the network connectivity, the network can maintain persistent representations over the continuum of head directions, and it can accurately integrate angular velocity inputs. We then analytically determined how performance degrades as the connectivity deviates from this optimally-tuned setting, and we find a trade-off between network size and the tuning precision needed to achieve persistence and accurate integration. This work shows how even small networks can accurately track an animal’s movements to guide navigation, and it informs our understanding of the functional capabilities of discrete systems more broadly.
Approaches to generating virtual patient cohorts with applications in oncology

Virtual clinical trials (VCTs) have gained popularity for their ability to rationalize the drug development process using mathematical and computational modelling, and to provide key insights into the mechanisms regulating patient responses to treatment. In this chapter, we cover approaches for generating virtual cohorts with applications in cancer biology and treatment. VCTs are an effective tool for predicting clinical responses to novel therapeutics and establishing effective treatment strategies. These VCTs allow us to capture inter-individual variability (IIV) which can lead to diversity in patient drug responses. Here we discuss three main methodologies for capturing IIV with a VCT. First, we highlight the use of population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) models, which extrapolate from empirical data population PK parameters that best fits the individual variability seen in drug disposition using non-linear mixed effects models. Next, we show how virtual patients may be sampled from a normal distribution with mean and standard deviation informed from experimental data to estimate parameters in a mechanistic model that regulates drug PKs. Lastly, we show how optimization techniques can be used to calibrate virtual patient parameter values and generate the VCT. Throughout, we compare and contrast these methods to provide a broader view of the generation of virtual patients, and to aid the decision-making process for those looking to leverage virtual clinical trials in their research.