Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of pooling on the optimization and service levels of two-location inventory systems

Abstract The study of inventory distribution systems with two locations and random demand is the subject of this paper. It is shown that under certain conditions a policy of complete pooling between the locations minimizes the expected costs for the system. A solution procedure is proposed for the derivation of the optimal parameters determining the ordering and lateral transshipmentrules. Relationships between the measures of service level before and after pooling are derived, and it is concluded that pooling always improves the service levels at both locations. Minimization of total costs'subject to service level constraints is also studied. Numerical examples serve to illustrate the analytical results. Handled by the Editor-In-Chief.
A Multimodal Data Harness Approach of Mobile Sensors Trajectory Planning for Target Tracking

The future Internet comprising multimodal mobile wireless sensors (MMWSs) dramatically increases the data dimension and complexity compared to the traditional homogeneous networks. It consists of various types of nodes that can be deployed in different spatial domains to form the space–air–ground–ocean-integrated network (SAGOI-Net). A key challenge to Internet of Things (IoT) with SAGOI-Net is harnessing the real-time data from these sensors to obtain target characteristics and realize target tracking, especially in rough environment with obstacles and enemy threats. In this article, we propose an approach—fuzzy logic and flocking control under an extended Kalman filter (EKFFL) to provide sensor nodes trajectory formation. With the tools from control systems and signal processing, this approach improves the commonly adopted flocking control algorithm and fully employs multi modality of data. Compared with the modified Kalman consistency filter (KCF) approach, the proposed EKFFL achieves higher target tracking accuracy with a shorter time period of trajectory formation. The tradeoff between the data delay and tracking accuracy is also analyzed. Based on its advantages, the EKFFL approach can be applied in broad scenarios, such as unmanned border awareness systems, environmental monitoring, and intelligent transportation.
The Onset of a Small-Scale Turbulent Dynamo at Low Magnetic Prandtl Numbers

We study numerically the dependence of the critical magnetic Reynolds number Rmc for the turbulent small-scale dynamo on the hydrodynamic Reynolds number Re. The turbulence is statistically homogeneous, isotropic, and mirror-symmetric. We are interested in the regime of low magnetic Prandtl number Pm = Rm/Re < 1, which is relevant for stellar convective zones, protostellar disks, and laboratory liquid-metal experiments. The two asymptotic possibilities are Rmc → const as Re → ∞ (a small-scale dynamo exists at low Pm) or Rmc/Re = Pmc → const as Re → ∞ (no small-scale dynamo exists at low Pm). Results obtained in two independent sets of simulations of MHD turbulence using grid and spectral codes are brought together and found to be in quantitative agreement. We find that at currently accessible resolutions, Rmc grows with Re with no sign of approaching a constant limit. We reach the maximum values of Rmc ~ 500 for Re ~ 3000. By comparing simulations with Laplacian viscosity, fourth-, sixth-, and eighth-order hyperviscosity, and Smagorinsky large-eddy viscosity, we find that Rmc is not sensitive to the particular form of the viscous cutoff. This work represents a significant extension of the studies previously published by Schekochihin et al. (2004a) and Haugen et al. (2004a) and the first detailed scan of the numerically accessible part of the stability curve Rmc(Re).
Chagas Disease and Domestic Medical Screening Guidance for Newly Arrived Individuals Under a Humanitarian-Based Immigration Status: A Call for Action

ABSTRACT. Chagas disease is considered one of the most important neglected tropical diseases in the Western Hemisphere, given its morbidity, mortality, and societal and economic burden. The United States has the fifth highest global burden of Chagas disease. Every year, thousands of migrant people from Latin America and throughout the globe travel to the U.S.– Mexico border searching for asylum. The U.S. CDC’s Guidance for the U.S. Domestic Medical Examination for Newly Arriving Refugees provides recommendations to safeguard the health of individuals who enter the United States with a humanitarian-based immigration status as defined by the CDC’s guidance under Key Considerations and Best Practices. We encourage the inclusion of Trypanosoma cruzi infection screening recommendations in this guidance as an important step toward understanding the risk and burden of Chagas disease in this vulnerable population, strengthening their access to care and contributing to the 2030 objectives of the WHO’s neglected tropical diseases road map.
Probing High-Order Dependencies With Information Theory

Information theoretic measures (entropies, entropy rates, mutual information) are nowadays commonly used in statistical signal processing for real-world data analysis. This paper proposes the use of auto mutual information (mutual information between subsets of the same signal) and entropy rate as powerful tools to assess refined dependencies of any order in signal temporal dynamics. Notably, it is shown how two-point auto mutual information and entropy rate unveil information conveyed by higher order statistics and, thus, capture details of temporal dynamics that are overlooked by the (two-point) correlation function. Statistical performance of relevant estimators for auto mutual information and entropy rate are studied numerically, by means of Monte Carlo simulations, as functions of sample size, dependence structures, and hyper parameters that enter their definition. Furthermore, it is shown how auto mutual information permits to discriminate between several different non-Gaussian processes, having exactly the same marginal distribution and covariance function. Assessing higher order statistics via multipoint auto mutual information is also shown to unveil the global dependence structure for these processes, indicating that one of the non-Gaussian actually has temporal dynamics that resembles that of a Gaussian process with the same covariance while the other does not.
Flow field evolution and entrainment in a free surface plunging jet

We investigate ambient fluid entrainment and near-field flow characteristics of a free surface plunging jet for five Reynolds numbers ranging from 3000 to 10000 using time-resolved stereo particle image velocimetry (SPIV). We present time-averaged velocities, RMS velocity fluctuations, mean entrainment and unsteady flow features and compare them with previous studies on free jets. We find that plunging jets have a smaller potential core length, and earlier decay of the mean centerline velocity. The peak RMS velocity fluctuations occur at a location significantly upstream compared to the free jets reported in the literature. Near-field ambient fluid entrainment of plunging jets is measured for the first time and is found to be considerably higher than free jets in the low Reynolds number range. For the plunging jet case at Re = 3000, faster jet decay, higher levels of turbulent intensity in the near-field, and augmented mass entrainment result from strong primary vortices that give the turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI) its convoluted shape which facilitates both bulk entrapment of ambient fluid and small scale nibbling because of larger surface area. These primary vortices occur right below the free surface and disintegrate into secondary structures at axial locations that are upstream compared to those of free jets. At higher Reynolds numbers, primary vortices are smaller in size, weak in swirling strength, and disintegrate prematurely, resulting in suppressed mixing and reduced entrainment efficiency.
Time transfer and frequency shift to the order 1/c^4 in the field of an axisymmetric rotating body

Within the weak-field, post-Newtonian approximation of the metric theories of gravity, we determine the one-way time transfer up to the order 1/c^4, the unperturbed term being of order 1/c, and the frequency shift up to the order 1/c^4. We adapt the method of the world-function developed by Synge to the Nordtvedt-Will PPN formalism. We get an integral expression for the world-function up to the order 1/c^3 and we apply this result to the field of an isolated, axisymmetric rotating body. We give a new procedure enabling to calculate the influence of the mass and spin multipole moments of the body on the time transfer and the frequency shift up to the order 1/c^4. We obtain explicit formulas for the contributions of the mass, of the quadrupole moment and of the intrinsic angular momentum. In the case where the only PPN parameters different from zero are beta and gamma, we deduce from these results the complete expression of the frequency shift up to the order 1/c^4. We briefly discuss the influence of the quadrupole moment and of the rotation of the Earth on the frequency shifts in the ACES mission.
Influence of a chemical reaction on viscous fingering: Effect of the injection flow rate.

The hydrodynamic viscous fingering instability can be influenced by a simple viscosity changing chemical reaction of type A+B --> C, when a solution of reactant A is injected into a solution of B and a product C of different viscosity is formed. We investigate here numerically such reactive viscous fingering in the case of a reaction decreasing the viscosity to define the optimal conditions on the chemical and hydrodynamic parameters for controlling fingering. In particular, we analyze the influence of the injection flow rate or equivalently of the Peclet number (Pe) of the problem on the efficiency of the chemical control of fingering. We show that the viscosity decreasing reaction has an increased stabilizing effect when Pe is decreased. On the contrary, fingering is more intense and the system more unstable when Pe is increased. The related reactive fingering patterns cover then respectively a smaller (larger) area than in the non-reactive equivalent. Depending on the value of the flow rate, a given chemical reaction may thus either enhance or suppress a fingering instability. This stabilization and destabilization at low and high Pe are shown to be related to the Pe-dependent characteristics of a minimum in the viscosity profile that develops around the miscible interface thanks to the effect of the chemical reaction.
THE BURRELL SCHMIDT DEEP VIRGO SURVEY: TIDAL DEBRIS, GALAXY HALOS, AND DIFFUSE INTRACLUSTER LIGHT IN THE VIRGO CLUSTER

We present the results of a deep imaging survey of the Virgo cluster of galaxies, concentrated around the cores of Virgo subclusters A and B. The goal of this survey was to detect and study very low surface brightness features present in Virgo, including discrete tidal features, the faint halos of luminous galaxies, and the diffuse intracluster light (ICL). Our observations span roughly 16 degrees2 in two filters, reaching a 3σ limiting depth of = 29.5 and = 28.5 mag arcsec−2. At these depths, our limiting systematic uncertainties are astrophysical: variations in faint background sources as well as scattered light from galactic dust. We show that this dust-scattered light is well traced by deep far-infrared imaging, making it possible to separate it from true diffuse light in Virgo. We use our imaging to trace and measure the color of the diffuse tidal streams and ICL in the Virgo core near M87, in fields adjacent to the core including the M86/M84 region, and to the south of the core around M49 and subcluster B, along with the more distant W cloud around NGC 4365. Overall, the bulk of the projected ICL is found in the Virgo core and within the W cloud; we find little evidence for an extensive ICL component in the field around M49. The bulk of the ICL we detect is fairly red in color (B − V = 0.7–0.9), indicative of old, evolved stellar populations. Based on the luminosity of the observed ICL features in the cluster, we estimate a total Virgo ICL fraction of 7%–15%. This value is somewhat smaller than that expected for massive, evolved clusters, suggesting that Virgo is still in the process of growing its extended ICL component. We also trace the shape of M87's extremely boxy outer halo out to ∼150 kpc, and show that the current tidal stripping rate from low luminosity galaxies is insufficient to have built M87's outer halo over a Hubble time. We identify a number of previously unknown low surface brightness structures around galaxies projected close to M86 and M84. The extensive diffuse light seen in the infalling W cloud around NGC 4365 is likely to be subsumed in the general Virgo ICL component once the group enters the cluster, illustrating the importance of group infall in generating ICL. Finally, we also identify another large and extremely low surface brightness ultradiffuse galaxy, likely in the process of being shredded by the cluster tidal field. With the survey complete, the full imaging data set is now available for public release.
All entangled pure quantum states violate the bilocality inequality

The nature of quantum correlations in networks featuring independent sources of entanglement remains poorly understood. Here, focusing on the simplest network of entanglement swapping, we start a systematic characterization of the set of quantum states leading to violation of the so-called "bilocality" inequality. First, we show that all possible pairs of entangled pure states can violate the inequality. Next, we derive a general criterion for violation for arbitrary pairs of mixed two-qubit states. Notably, this reveals a strong connection between the CHSH Bell inequality and the bilocality inequality, namely that any entangled state violating CHSH also violates the bilocality inequality. We conclude with a list of open questions.
Language-Guided Multi-Granularity Context Aggregation for Temporal Sentence Grounding

Temporal sentence grounding in videos is a crucial task in vision-language learning. Its goal is retrieving a video segment from an untrimmed video that semantically corresponds to a natural language query. A video usually contains multiple semantic events, which are rarely isolated. They tend to be temporally ordered and semantically correlated (e.g., some event is often the precursor of another event). To precisely localize a semantic moment from a video, it is critical to effectively extract and aggregate multi-granularity contextual information, including the fine-grained local context around the moment-related video segment (in short snippet-level) and coarse-grained semantic correlation (in segment-level). Additionally, a second main insight in this work is that the above context aggregation should be favorably guided by the queries, rather than fully query-agnostic. Putting above ideas together, we here present a new network that does language-guided multi-granularity context aggregation. It is comprised of two major modules. The core of the first module is a novel language-guided temporal adaptive convolution (LTAC) devised to extract fine-grained information over video snippets around the ground-truth video segment. It decomposes a convolution into two channel-oriented / temporal-oriented ones. In particular, the convolutional channels are supposed to be more susceptible to queries, thus we learn to generate a dynamic channel-oriented kernel with respect to the querying sentence. As a second module, we propose a language-guided global relation block (LGRB) that extracts video-level context. It augments the contextual feature by using a multi-scale temporal attention that tackles the scale variation of ground-truth video segments, and a multi-modal semantic attention that relies on syntactic of the query. For the validation purpose, we have conducted comprehensive experiments on two popularly-adopted video benchmarks (i.e., ActivityNet Captions and Charades-STA). All experimental results and ablation studies have clearly corroborated the effectiveness of our model designs, outstripping prior state-of-the-art methods in terms of major performance metrics for the task.
Measurement of the rate of nu_e + d -->p + p + e^- interactions produced by 8B solar neutrinos at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Solar neutrinos from the decay of 8 B have been detected at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) via the charged current (CC) reaction on deuterium and by the elastic scattering (ES) of electrons. The CC reaction is sensitive exclusively to ν e ’s, while the ES reaction also has a small sensitivity to ν µ ’s and ν τ ’s. The ﬂux of ν e ’s from 8 B decay measured by the CC reaction rate is φ CC ( ν e ) = 1 . 75 ± 0 . 07 (stat . ) +0 . 12 − 0 . 11 (sys . ) ± 0 . 05 (theor . ) × 10 6 cm − 2 s − 1 . Assuming no ﬂavor transformation, the ﬂux inferred from the ES reaction rate is φ ES ( ν x ) = 2 . 39 ± 0 . 34 (stat . ) +0 . 16 − 0 . 14 (sys . ) × 10 6 cm − 2 s − 1 . Comparison of φ CC ( ν e ) to the Super-Kamiokande Collaboration’s precision value of φ ES ( ν x ) yields a 3 . 3 σ diﬀerence, assuming the systematic uncertainties are normally distributed, providing evidence that there is a non-electron ﬂavor active neutrino component in the solar ﬂux. The total ﬂux of
Wave impact loads: The role of the flip-through

The impact of waves upon a vertical, rigid wall during sloshing is analyzed with specific focus on the modes that lead to the generation of a flip-through [M. J. Cooker and D. H. Peregrine, “A model for breaking wave impact pressures,” in Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Coastal Engineering (ASCE, Delft, 1990), Vol. 2, pp. 1473–1486]. Experimental data, based on a time-resolved particle image velocimetry technique and on a novel free-surface tracking method [M. Miozzi, “Particle image velocimetry using feature tracking and Delaunay tessellation,” in Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics (2004)], are used to characterize the details of the flip-through dynamics while wave loads are computed by integrating the experimental pressure distributions. Three different flip-through modes are observed and studied in dependence on the amount and modes of air trapping. No air entrapment characterizes a “mode (a) flip-through,” engulfm.
ASTRONOMYANDASTROPHYSICS X-ray observations of the rich cluster CL 0939+4713 and discovery of the strongly variable source RXJ0943.0+4701

Recent X-ray observations of the rich galaxy cluster CL 0939+4713 (or Abell 851) at z = 0 . 41 with the ROSAT/HRI as well as with the ASCA/GIS and ASCA-/SIS instruments are presented and analysed. With the high resolution imaging data (ROSAT/HRI) we conﬁrm and extend the earlier impression that the cluster has a lot of substructure. Two maxima of the cluster emission are obvious in the images, each of them shows even some internal structure. One of the subclusters can be nicely modeled with an elliptical model. For the total luminosity of the cluster in the ROSAT band we obtain L X, 0 . 1 − 2 . 4 keV = 6 . 4 +0 . 7 − 0 . 3 × 10 44 erg/s, for the bolometric luminosity L X,bol = 1 . 6 +0 . 5 − 0 . 3 × 10 45 erg/s. We perform spectral ﬁts for the two ASCA instruments and for the ROSAT/PSPC simultaneously. The most reliable numbers for the temperature and metallicity for the intra-cluster gas are T = 7 . 6 +2 . 8 − 1 . 6 keV and m = 0 . 22 +0 . 24 − 0 . 22 m ⊙ , respectively. We ﬁnd a relatively small total mass, a small gas mass ratio and a small iron mass to light ratio. These numbers together with relatively low luminosity for such an optically rich cluster and the pronounced substructure conﬁrm that CL 0939+4713 is a young cluster still far away from a virialised state. In the image the emission of a can clearly be With a luminosity of L X, 0 . 1 − 2 . 4 keV ≈ 1 . 4 × 10 45 erg/s (which is necessarily aﬀected by gravitational lensing) it belongs to the X-ray brightest quasars. A striking diﬀerence between the ROSAT/PSPC and the ROSAT/HRI observations (taken almost ﬁve years apart) is the faint-ing of one X-ray source (RXJ0943.0+4701) by at least a factor of ten. We try to identify this source from deep optical data. Our best candidate is a blue compact object, possibly an AGN.
Deprojecting Sunyaev-Zeldovich Statistics

We apply the hierarchical clustering model and nonlinear perturbation theory to the cosmological density and temperature fields. This allows us to calculate the intergalactic gas-pressure power spectrum, Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) anisotropy power spectrum, skewness, and related statistics. Then we show the effect of the nongravitational heating. Our model confirms recent simulations yielding a mass-weighted gas temperature g ~ 0.35 keV and reproduces the power spectra found in these simulations. While the SZ effect contains only angular information, we show that it is possible to extract the full time-resolved gas-pressure power spectrum when combined with galaxy photometric redshift surveys by using a variation on the cross-correlation. This method further allows the disentanglement of the gravitational and the nongravitational heating.
Entanglement fluctuation theorems

Pure state entanglement transformations have been thought of as irreversible, with reversible transformations generally only possible in the limit of many copies. Here, we show that reversible entanglement transformations do not require processing on the many copy level, but can instead be undertaken on individual systems, provided the amount of entanglement which is produced or consumed is allowed to fluctuate. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for entanglement manipulations in this case. As a corollary, we derive an equation which quantifies the fluctuations of entanglement, which is formally identical to the Jarzynski fluctuation equality found in thermodynamics. One can also relate a forward entanglement transformation to its reverse process in terms of the entanglement cost of such a transformation, in a manner equivalent to the Crooks relation. We show that a strong converse theorem for entanglement transformations is formally related to the second law of thermodynamics, while the fact that the Schmidt rank of an entangled state cannot increase is related to the third law of thermodynamics. Achievability of the protocols is done by introducing an entanglement battery, a device which stores entanglement and uses an amount of entanglement that is allowed to fluctuate but with an average cost which is still optimal. This allows us to also solve the problem of partial entanglement recovery, and in fact, we show that entanglement is fully recovered. Allowing the amount of consumed entanglement to fluctuate also leads to improved and optimal entanglement dilution protocols.
HST Observations of Host Galaxies in Three Radio-selected BL Lacertae Objects

We present high-resolution images of three BL Lac objects (0814+425, 1823+568, 2254+074) taken with the WFPC-2 camera on Hubble Space Telescope (HST) as part of a study of BL Lacs from a complete radio-selected sample. In two cases we clearly detect the host galaxies while the third BL Lac (0814+425) is unresolved. The host galaxy of 2254+074 is a moderately bright elliptical, while the inferred luminosity of the host galaxy for 1823+568 is at the high end of the range for previously known BL Lac hosts. The lack of detection of a host galaxy for 0814+425 calls into question the validity of its low reported redshift. Comparison of the HST data with subarcsecond ground-based R-band images shows excellent agreement on the largest scales, while on smaller scales only HST detects the galaxy significantly above the nuclear light. In the case of 2254+074, the high resolution of HST allows us to establish that the host galaxy is an elliptical.