Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finite presentability of arithmetic groups over global function fields

Arithmetic subgroups of reductive algebraic groups over number fields are finitely presentable, but over global function fields this is not always true. All known exceptions are “small” groups, which means that either the rank of the algebraic group or the set S of the underlying S-arithmetic ring has to be small. There exists now a complete list of all such groups which are not finitely generated, whereas we onlyhave a conjecture which groups are finitely generated but not finitely presented.
Increasing Trends in Obesity-Related Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Romanian Children and Adolescents—Retrospective Study

Childhood obesity has become a global public health issue and its assessment is essential, as an obese child is a future overweight or obese adult. Obesity is no longer a matter of exercising more and eating less, with several factors coming into play and dictating the pattern of fat accumulation and the ease/difficulty of reducing it. In the current paper, we aimed to analyze the cardiovascular impact of obesity in a large number of patients alongside the paraclinical changes that occur due to weight gain, and to perform an analysis on the increase in prevalence throughout our research. The main cardiovascular conditions identified were hypertension (15.36%), septal or concentric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (11.15%), atherosclerosis risk (13.04%), and hypercholesterolemia (20.94%). We have used echocardiography to measure the thickness of epicardial adipose tissue (useful for assessing the patient’s cardiovascular risk), and we observed that it was greater in children with moderate and severe obesity alongside diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle in the whole group, without any connection with hypertension or coronary impairment. Obese children will be affected by increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in adulthood and they may experience early cardiovascular dysfunction. We want to strongly underline the importance and necessity of programs for the early detection and prevention of obesity and its complications, especially since interesting phenomena such as the “obesity paradox” exist and prove that obesity is far less understood than it is at a first glance.
Demonstration of Pulse Width Modulation Function Using Single Positive Feedback Device for Neuron

A positive-feedback (PF) device and its operation scheme to implement pulse width modulation (PWM) function were demonstrated. First, the device operation mechanism for the PWM function was analyzed. By adjusting the amount of the charge stored in the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${n}^{-}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> floating body (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Q}_{\text {n}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), the potential of the floating body changes linearly with time. When <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Q}_{\text {n}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> reaches to a threshold value (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Q}_{\text {th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), the PF device turns on abruptly. From the linear time-varying property of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Q}_{\text {n}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the gate bias dependency of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Q}_{\text {th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, voltage-to-pulse width conversion for the PWM function was implemented. A rectified linear or hard-sigmoid activation function was successfully obtained from a single PF device, and it is beneficial to extremely reduce the area of a PWM neuron.
Self-supervised calibration for robotic systems

We present a generic algorithm for self calibration of robotic systems that utilizes two key innovations. First, it uses information theoretic measures to automatically identify and store novel measurement sequences. This keeps the computation tractable by discarding redundant information and allows the system to build a sparse but complete calibration dataset from data collected at different times. Second, as the full observability of the calibration parameters may not be guaranteed for an arbitrary measurement sequence, the algorithm detects and locks unobservable directions in parameter space using a truncated QR decomposition of the Gauss-Newton system. The result is an algorithm that listens to an incoming sensor stream, builds a minimal set of data for estimating the calibration parameters, and updates parameters as they become observable, leaving the others locked at their initial guess. Through an extensive set of simulated and real-world experiments, we demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of stability, accuracy, and computational efficiency.
Numerical simulation of sediment mixture deposition part 1: analysis of a flume experiment

This paper reports the numerical simulation of previously published laboratory experiments concerning deposition of a sediment mixture in a flume. The results of the simulation are analyzed and their interdependencies are discussed with reference to flume observations and previously published analyses. Cross-comparison of different parameters of the system (deposition rate, sediment transport, grain size) allows some validation of the system of equations of our modeling system. It may also give some clues and directions for further measurements and numerical experiments.
Using casual speech phonology in synthetic speech

The maximization of penetration depth with concurrent retaining or enhancement of image resolution constitutes one of the time invariant challenges in ultrasound imaging. To solve this problem a pulse compression technique employing long coded sequences is now under intensive investigation and in fact some of the corresponding techniques were already implemented in commercial scanning machines. This paper investigates the influence of the effective bandwidth of the transducer on the behaviour of the encoding/compression technique and its potential influence on the axial resolution. We have investigated two different bits lengths – one and two periods – in the Golay sequences resulting in substantial difference of the bandwidth of the transmitted sequences. Three transducers with different fractional bandwidths were used in the experiments: 6 MHz focused transducer with 25% fractional bandwidth, 4.4 MHz flat transducer with 58% fractional bandwidth and 6 MHz flat, composite transducer with 80% fractional bandwidth. The experimental results are clearly showing that the elongation of the Golay single bit length (two cycles in our case) compensates for the limited transducer bandwidth. For 25% bandwidth peak-to-peak echo increased by 1.89 times; for 58% bandwidth peak-to-peak echo amplitude increased by 1.62 times, and for 80% bandwidth peak-to-peak echo increased by 1.47 times.
Surface plasmon modes for periodic lattices of plasmonic hole waveguides

This study investigates surface plasmon modes for periodic lattices of plasmonic hole waveguides. The interface matching method is proposed to solve the apparently nonlinear eigenvalue problem, with the proper use of the interface condition. It is shown that surface plasmon modes occur for both TE and TM polarizations, and as the off-plane wave number increases, surface plasmon modes for the two polarizations begin to interchange their characteristics. The basic pictures of off-plane surface plasmon modes are explained on a unified basis by examining different types of the interface conditions for TM and TE modes and employing variational arguments based on the Rayleigh quotients for the wave equations. In particular, there exists a TM optical branch which intersects the light line and eventually joins into the surface branches. These features are illustrated by the evolution of surface plasmon mode patterns. For plasmonic hole waveguide structures, the optical branch may exhibit negative group velocities over the whole branch, and the net power flow through the unit cell along the waveguides is shown to direct in the opposite direction of the wave vector.
Plasma Physics: An Introduction to the Theory of Astrophysical, Geophysical and Laboratory Plasmas

1. Introduction 2. Basic concepts 3. Orbit theory - uniform fields 4. Adiabatic invariants 5. Orbit theory 6. Electromagnetic waves in a cold electron plasma 7. Electromagnetic waves in an electron-ion plasma 8. Two-stream instability 9. Electrostatic oscillations in a plasma of non-zero temperature 10. Collision theory 11. MHD equations 12. Magnetohydrodynamics 13. Force-free magnetic configurations 14. Waves in MHD systems 15. Magnetohydrodynamic stability 16. Variational principle for MHD systems 17. Resistive instabilities 18. Stochastic processes 19. Interaction of particles and waves.
Chrononutrition—When We Eat Is of the Essence in Tackling Obesity

Obesity is a chronic and relapsing public health problem with an extensive list of associated comorbidities. The worldwide prevalence of obesity has nearly tripled over the last five decades and continues to pose a serious threat to wider society and the wellbeing of future generations. The pathogenesis of obesity is complex but diet plays a key role in the onset and progression of the disease. The human diet has changed drastically across the globe, with an estimate that approximately 72% of the calories consumed today come from foods that were not part of our ancestral diets and are not compatible with our metabolism. Additionally, multiple nutrient-independent factors, e.g., cost, accessibility, behaviours, culture, education, work commitments, knowledge and societal set-up, influence our food choices and eating patterns. Much research has been focused on ‘what to eat’ or ‘how much to eat’ to reduce the obesity burden, but increasingly evidence indicates that ‘when to eat’ is fundamental to human metabolism. Aligning feeding patterns to the 24-h circadian clock that regulates a wide range of physiological and behavioural processes has multiple health-promoting effects with anti-obesity being a major part. This article explores the current understanding of the interactions between the body clocks, bioactive dietary components and the less appreciated role of meal timings in energy homeostasis and obesity.
PBACalib: Targetless Extrinsic Calibration for High-Resolution LiDAR-Camera System Based on Plane-Constrained Bundle Adjustment

The strategy of fusing multi-model data especially from cameras, light detection and ranging sensors (LiDAR), is frequently considered in robotics to enhance the performance of the perception and navigation tasks. Extrinsic calibration, which spatially aligns different sources into a unified coordinate representation, directly determines the performance of the combined data. In this letter, we propose PBACalib, a novel targetless extrinsic calibration algorithm aiming at the dense LiDAR-camera system based on the plane-constrained bundle adjustment (PBA). The proposed method utilizes the feature points derived from a prominent plane in the scene and iteratively minimizes the reprojection error. A maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is designed by considering the uncertainty information of the measurements. Furthermore, we explore the distribution of collected data and characterize the robustness and solvability of the extrinsic estimates using a confidence factor. Simulation and real-world experiments both qualitatively and quantitatively demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of our method. The comparison experiments show that the proposed method outperforms another targetless method. To benefit the community, Matlab code has been publicly released on Github.
Consensus Control of Multi-agent Systems Based on Fault Estimation

This paper provides a consensus control scheme with a novel fault compensation for multi-agent systems with respect to occurred faults. To this end, a novel estimator is first developed via injecting the noise bias to satisfy the unbiasedness requirement. Benefiting from the estimated fault, a consensus controller with fault compensation is constructed to realize the desired l2-l∞ performance while guaranteing fundamental consensus. According to the technology of variance analysis combined with the method of Lyapunov stability, sufficient conditions are strictly derived to ensure the predetermined performance and the applicable gains of both the estimator and the controller are attained via a recursive formula and linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the applicability is tested by a simulation example.
Evaluation of Resistance of Banana Genotypes with AAB Genome to Fusarium Wilt Tropical Race 4 in China

Banana cultivars with the AAB genome group comprise diverse subgroups, such as Plantain, Silk, Iholena, and Pisang Raja, among others, which play an important role in food security in many developing countries. Some of these cultivars are susceptible to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4), the most destructive pathogen threatening banana production worldwide, and some of them are still largely unknown. We evaluated the resistance of 37 banana genotypes, including Plantain, Silk, Iholena, Maia Maoli/Popoulu, Pisang Raja, Pome, and Mysore, to Foc TR4 under both greenhouse and field conditions. Genotypes from the Silk and Iholena subgroups were highly susceptible to Foc TR4. Pome and Mysore showed resistance and intermediate resistance, respectively. However, Pisang Raja ranged from susceptible to intermediate resistance. One cultivar from the Maia Maoli/Popoulu subgroup was highly susceptible, while the other displayed significant resistance. Most Plantain cultivars exhibited high resistance to Foc TR4, except two French types of cultivar, ‘Uganda Plantain’ and ‘Njombe N°2’, which were susceptible. The susceptibility to Foc TR4 of some of the AAB genotypes evaluated, especially Plantain and other cooking bananas, indicates that growers dependent on these varieties need to be included as part of the prevention and integrated Foc TR4 management strategies, as these genotypes play a crucial role in food security and livelihoods.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Sustainable Development Goals: Achievements and Expectations

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on almost all the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), leaving no country unaffected. It has caused a shift in political agendas, but also in lines of research. At the same time, the world is trying to make the transition to a more sustainable economic model. The research objectives of this paper are to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the fulfilment of the SDGs with regard to the research of the scientific community, and to analyze the presence of the Circular Economy (CE) in the literature. To this end, this research applies bibliometric analysis and a systematic review of the literature, using VOSviewer for data visualization. Five clusters were detected and grouped according to the three dimensions of sustainability. The extent of the effects of the health, economic and social crisis resulting from the pandemic, in addition to the climate crisis, is still uncertain, but it seems clear that the main issues are inefficient waste management, supply chain issues, adaptation to online education and energy concerns. The CE has been part of the solution to this crisis, and it is seen as an ideal model to be promoted based on the opportunities detected.
The multidimensional stationary-phase method for an asymptotic estimate of edge effects in the multiple Kirchhoff diffraction by curved surfaces

An analytical approach is proposed to study the contribution of edge effects in the multiple high-frequency diﬀraction, according to guidelines of classical Kirch-hoﬀ theory in (scalar) wave propagation. We start from a suitable asymptotic analysis of the Kirchhoﬀ diﬀraction integral, here set up in a generalized (iterated) form to describe the multiple reﬂections from an arbitrary sequence of curved reﬂecting (smooth) surfaces. The explicit formula obtained for a concrete example of double reﬂection is compared with the results from direct numerical simulation.
An estimation method for fundamental frequency and voiced segment in infant utterance

Fundamental frequency (F0) and unvoiced/voiced segment (U/V) estimation of infant utterances are important for investigating humans perception of prosodic information in an early stage of speech communication. However, this estimation process is difficult as infant utterances have several features that differ to those of adults: (1) F0 has a wide range in value (200 to 2000 Hz); (2) F0 is unstable, for example, it discontinuously changes to its double or half value; and (3) voiced segments may have high energy in the higher frequency regions degrading U/V decisions of existing methods. Additionally, infant utterance data is often collected in daily child care settings which lowers the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). To cope with these problems, a robust F0 estimation method based on instantaneous frequency [Nakatani and Irino, ICSLP2002] is introduced, and a new U/V detection method is proposed. The former has a mechanism to extract accurate F0 avoiding double and half pitch errors in low SNR environments. O.
Can you Empathize with Me? Development of a 360° Video-Training to Enhance Residents’ Empathic Abilities

Empathic care is an important element of the patient-provider relationship. However, several factors can undermine physicians’ ability to be empathic (e.g., burnout). The aim of this study is therefore to describe a 360° video-based VR protocol for residents who work in cancer care that combines embodied perspective-taking and theoretical empathy training to target empathy communication and burnout characteristics. To reach this goal, we will use 360° technology, storytelling, and embodied perspective-taking to let the resident experience the perspective of a patient who is receiving a cancer diagnosis. Psycho-educational training will be also employed to support participants in acquiring information about how to be empathic while communicating with a patient. We expect that this training may promote empathy and improve patient-provider communication while buffering the risk of burnout.
A spectral quadrilateral multidomain penalty method model for high Reynolds number incompressible stratified flows

A two‐dimensional quadrilateral spectral multidomain penalty method (SMPM) model has been developed for the simulation of high Reynolds number incompressible stratified flows. The implementation of higher‐order quadrilateral subdomains renders this model a nontrivial extension of a one‐dimensional subdomain SMPM model built for the simulation of the same type of flows in vertically nonperiodic domains (Diamessis et al., J. Comp. Phys, 202:298‐322, 2005). The nontrivial aspects of this extension consist of the implementation of subdomain corners, the penalty formulation of the pressure Poisson equation (PPE), and, most importantly, the treatment of specific challenges that arise in the iterative solution of the SMPM‐discretized PPE. The two primary challenges within the framework of the iterative solution of the PPE are its regularization to ensure the consistency of the associated linear system of equations and the design of an appropriate two‐level preconditioner. A qualitative and quantitative assessment of the accuracy, efficiency, and stability of the quadrilateral SMPM solver is provided through its application to the standard benchmarks of the Taylor vortex, lid‐driven cavity, and double shear layer. The capacity of the flow solver for the study of environmental stratified flow processes is shown through the simulation of long‐distance propagation of an internal solitary wave of depression in a manner that is free of numerical dispersion and dissipation. The methods and results presented in this paper make it a point of reference for future studies oriented toward the reliable application of the quadrilateral SMPM model to more complex environmental stratified flow process studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Typical Solvents on the Structural Integrity and Properties of Activated Kaolinite by Wet Ball Milling

The influence of organic solvents on the structural integrity and properties of activated kaolinite were compared and analyzed via characterization techniques and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The results revealed that the organic intercalators can be easily inserted into the interlayer spaces of activated kaolinite within a short time of the wet ball milling. The DMSO intercalated kaolinites maintained structural integrity due to the high intercalation rate and the excellent buffering effect against the crushing force of milling during the delamination/exfoliation process. The delaminated layers of the DMSO–kaolinite complex exhibited a high specific surface area of 99.12 m2/g and a low average thickness of 35.21 nm. The calculated elastic properties of the organo-kaolinite complex manifested the intercalation of DMSO into a kaolinite interlayer, which could improve the compressibility and structural integrity of kaolinite nanosheets. The DMSO–kaolinite complex was easier to peel off when compared to the other organic intercalators due to its more intercalated molecules.
A 0.71-mW Antenna-Coupled On–Off-Key Receiver for Gbps Millimeter-Wave Wireless Communications

This article presents a 39-GHz 800-Mb/s antenna-coupled ON–OFF-key (OOK) receiver with a baseband output capable of driving a 50-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> load. The antenna-coupled receiver demonstrates a bit error rate (BER) of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> over a range of 18 cm while dissipating only 0.71 mW for a record energy efficiency per distance metric of 0.049 pJ/bit/cm. A wireline version of the receiver achieves a record sensitivity level of −36 dBm without preamplification while dissipating only 1.15 mW, resulting in an energy efficiency of 1.44 pJ/bit at a BER of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Including 11.5 dB of RF gain prior to the wireline receiver, 800-Mb/s communication is demonstrated at 3.67 m for a BER of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-5}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The low power consumption and long range make this receiver suitable for scaling to hundreds or thousands of elements in massive multi-in–multi-output (MIMO) arrays for next-generation millimeter-wave wireless communications systems.
A Scalable Body Bias Optimization Method Toward Low-Power CGRAs

Body biasing is one of the critical techniques to realize more energy-efficient computing with reconfigurable devices, such as coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures. Its benefit depends on the control granularity, whereas fine-grained control makes it challenging to find the best body bias voltage for each domain due to the complexity of the optimization problem. This work reformulates the optimization problem and introduces continuous relaxation to solve it faster than previous work based on an integer linear program. Experimental result shows the proposed method can solve the problem within 0.5 s for all benchmarks in any conditions. For a middle-class problem, up to 5.65× speedup and a geometric mean of 2.06× speedup are demonstrated compared to the previous method with negligible loss of accuracy. Besides, we explore finer body bias control considering the power- and area-overhead of an on-chip body bias generator and suggest the most reasonable design saves 66% of energy consumption.