Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) dan Karakteristik Perusahaan terhadap Praktik Penghindaran Pajak Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and company characteristics on corporate tax avoidance. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The sample of this research is the financial statements and sustainability reports of 73 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2016-2020 period. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that CSR has a significant positive effect on current taxes, which means that companies that are responsible to stakeholders tend to avoid tax avoidance practices or pay more taxes. CSR, ROA and firm size have a significant negative effect on tax avoidance. Leverage and intangible assets have a significant positive effect on tax avoidance. Other company characteristics variables such as fixed assets, operating cash flow, sales growth have no significant effect on tax avoidance.
Efficacy of Magnesium Sulfate in Addition to Melatonin Therapy in Neonates With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

Background: One of the most important causes of neonatal deaths in developing nations is birth asphyxia. Though the probability of a complete recovery is very low, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) associated with asphyxia can be managed with multiple treatment options. The study evaluated the efficacy of the addition of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) to melatonin therapy in neonates with HIE. Methodology: A prospective, observational study was conducted in the department of neonatal intensive care, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan from October 2020 to March 2021. All neonates with an Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration (APGAR) score of less than five at five minutes, umbilical blood pH of less than 7.0, and moderate neonatal encephalopathy as detected on the modified Sarnat score which is a clinical tool used for the assessment of the severity of HIE were included in the study. Neonates with congenital abnormalities, intrauterine growth retardation, neonatal sepsis, and infants born to mothers with diabetes mellitus type 2 were excluded from the study. The infants were randomly assigned to either of the groups, i.e., i) group 1 included neonates who were administered at least three doses of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) infusion in addition to melatonin, or ii) group 2 included neonates who were administered melatonin only. Blood samples of all neonates were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 90 neonates with HIE were included in the study. There was a predominance of female neonates. The mean ages of babies in group 1 and group 2 were 37.2 ± 0.43 and 37.3 ± 0.59 weeks, respectively. The mean weight on the term was 2.88 ± 0.11 and 2.89 ± 0.10, respectively. The Apgar score at 5 mins in group 1 was 1.73 ± 0.81 while in group 2, 1.82 ± 0.94. It was found that there was a more significant improvement in pH after 3 days and after one week of treatment in group 1 as compared to group 2. The mean pH in babies after three days of intervention was 7.23 ± 0.03 in group 1 which was significantly better than group 2 (p<0.0001). After seven days, the mean normalized to 7.39 ± 0.04 in group 1 (p < 0.0001). It was found that in patients in group 1, the mortality was lower than in group 2 (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: HIE patients who were administered melatonin in combination with magnesium sulfate yielded better patient outcomes. Thus, it was concluded that the use of magnesium sulfate as dual therapy with melatonin improved patient outcomes for HIE. However, it is recommended that similar studies are conducted with a wider range of parameters, such as duration of hospital stay and assessment of the neurological outcomes of the patients.
Vertical and Horizontal Cell Structural Appraisal of a 9-Year Cedrela odorata L. (Miliaceae) for Pulp and Paper Making

Paper is a material of importance in human life and produced from wood. However, is not all wood that have the qualities to be used for paper production. This study assesses the suitability of a 9-year old Cedrela odorata wood in both vertical (bottom to top) and horizontal (sapwood to heartwood) directions for pulp and paper making. Specifically, we evaluated the variations in fibre dimensions and other derived technical requirements needed for wood to be used for paper production. Franklin’s maceration process was adopted for the study. Collected data was subjected to statistical analysis using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.00. Mean fibre length was found to be short (i.e., ranged from 0.822 ± 0.142 mm – top heartwood to 1.142 ± 0.144 mm –base heartwood) which were all less than 1.6mm (1600μm). Runkel ratio was highest in top heartwood (0.26 ± 0.08); Flexibility Coefficient was highest in bottom sapwood (0.83 ± 0.05); and Slenderness Ratio was highest in bottom sapwood (49.18 ± 10.42). The derived fibre values were all within acceptable standard ranges for wood to be used for paper production: runkel ratio <1.0, Coefficient of Flexibility >75%, and slenderness ratio >33 indicating that the 9-year old Cedrela odorata hardwood in Ghana is a potential species to be used to produce pulp and paper of desired qualities, especially when it is mixed with other long fibre wood species. Thus, the 9-year fast grown Cedrela wood species is recommended for consideration among other known species for paper manufacturing in Ghana and elsewhere.
Genomic Epidemiology of Salmonella enterica Circulating in Surface Waters Used in Agriculture and Aquaculture in Central Mexico

Surface waters are heavily used in food production worldwide. Several human pathogens can survive in these waters for long periods and disseminate to food production environments, contaminating our food supply. ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica can survive in surface waters (SuWa), and the role of nonhost environments in its transmission has acquired increasing relevance. In this study, we conducted comparative genomic analyses of 172 S. enterica isolates collected from SuWa across 3 months in six states of central Mexico during 2019. S. enterica transmission dynamics were assessed using 87 experimental and 112 public isolates from Mexico collected during 2002 through 2019. We also studied genetic relatedness between SuWa isolates and human clinical strains collected in North America during 2005 through 2020. Among experimental isolates, we identified 41 S. enterica serovars and 56 multilocus sequence types (STs). Predominant serovars were Senftenberg (n = 13), Meleagridis, Agona, and Newport (n = 12 each), Give (n = 10), Anatum (n = 8), Adelaide (n = 7), and Infantis, Mbandaka, Ohio, and Typhimurium (n = 6 each). We observed a high genetic diversity in the sample under study, as well as clonal dissemination of strains across distant regions. Some of these strains are epidemiologically important (ST14, ST45, ST118, ST132, ST198, and ST213) and were genotypically close to those involved in clinical cases in North America. Transmission network analysis suggests that SuWa are a relevant source of S. enterica (0.7 source/hub ratio) and contribute to its dissemination as isolates from varied sources and clinical cases have SuWa isolates as common ancestors. Overall, the study shows that SuWa act as reservoirs of various S. enterica serovars of public health significance. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms involved in SuWa contamination by S. enterica, as well as to develop interventions to contain its dissemination in food production settings. IMPORTANCE Surface waters are heavily used in food production worldwide. Several human pathogens can survive in these waters for long periods and disseminate to food production environments, contaminating our food supply. One of these pathogens is Salmonella enterica, a leading cause of foodborne infections, hospitalizations, and deaths in many countries. This research demonstrates the role of surface waters as a vehicle for the transmission of Salmonella along food production chains. It also shows that some strains circulating in surface waters are very similar to those implicated in human infections and harbor genes that confer resistance to multiple antibiotics, posing a risk to public health. This study contributes to expand our current knowledge on the ecology and epidemiology of Salmonella in surface waters.
The Essentials of Emergency Management and Homeland Security Graduate Education Programs: Design, Development, and Future

This essay involves a discussion of the essentials of Emergency Management and Homeland Security Graduate education programs. Subjects include the current context of these graduate programs, the critical components of these programs, and emerging trends and issues related to EM-HS programs. These trends include the neccesity of the development of national accreditation standards and promulgating professional bodies to ensure the healthy development of this growing academic discipline.
Screening, Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Laccase Producing Bacteria from Contaminated Sites

Screening and isolation of Laccase producing bacteria from Guntur District soil was carried out to assess the diversity of Lignocellulose degrading bacteria. Isolation and identification of environmental friendly bacteria for lignin degradation becomes an essential one, because all the researchers are mainly concentrating on fungal strains. However, bacteria seem to play a leading role in decomposing lignin. For isolation of Laccase producing bacteria nutrient agar medium containing guaiacol was used. Total nine bacterial strains were isolated from soil samples collected from different regions of Guntur district. Preliminary screening of bacterial strains was carried out on guaiacol containing nutrient agar medium for laccase production. Formation of green colour using ABTS (2,2'- azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) confirms the capability of laccase production by the bacterial strains. Nine bacterial strains showed positive results. High laccase producing bacterial isolates were examined for morphological and biochemical characteristics according to Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. The predominant isolates were identified as Bacillus and Enterobacter species.
Hopf bifurcation analysis in a stage-structure predator–prey model with two time delay

In this paper, we consider a predator-prey system with two time delays, which describes a prey–predator model with parental care for predators. The local stability of the positive equilibrium is analysed. By choosing the two time delays as the bifurcation parameter, the existence of Hopf bifurcation is studied. Numerical simulations show the positive equilibrium loses its stability via the Hopf bifurcation when the time delay increases beyond a threshold.
Predictive Value of Serum Aurora A, Thymidine Kinase 1, and HER3/ErbB3 in Breast Cancer Patients Before Neoadjuvant Treatment

Further personalization is needed to improve the outcomes of breast cancer treatment. It is necessary to find new inexpensive and easily evaluated predictive markers. In this study, we determined serum level of Aurora A (AURKA), thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) and human epidermal growth factor receptor type 3 (HER3) by enzyme immunoassay ELISA. We collected peripheral blood sera of 119 women with breast cancer before neoadjuvant treatment and the control group of 47 randomly selected healthy women. After treatment we analyzed clinical data: age, initial TNM stage, tumor receptors expression: estrogen (ER), progesterone (PGR), epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2), Ki67, histological malignancy grade, biological subtype, and response to neoadjuvant treatment in residual cancer burden (RCB) classification. Pathologic complete response (PCR) was achieved in 41 patients (34.45%). In univariate analysis patients with higher AURKA levels were more likely to obtain PCR (p=0.039). In multivariate analysis we used the logit regression model with PCR as the dependent. The effect of AURKA concentration ≥4.75 ng / mL on the chance of achieving PCR was found (OR: 3.5; 95%CI: 1.2-10.1; p = 0.023). Other significant PCR factors included: node status (OR: 0.503; 95% CI: 0.263-0.965; p = 0.039), negative PGR expression (OR: 0.104; 95% CI: 0.038-0.284; p < 0.001), and Ki67 >20% (OR: 5.44; 95% CI: 1.24-23,9; p < 0.025). There was no significance in marker concentrations and clinical features nor between breast cancer patients and control group. The outcomes suggest that serum AURKA level is a potential PCR prediction marker in neoadjuvant breast cancer treatment. Further studies are needed to confirm our observations.
Dendritic branch structure compartmentalizes voltage-dependent calcium influx in cortical layer 2/3 pyramidal cells

Back-propagating action potentials (bAPs) regulate synaptic plasticity by evoking voltage-dependent calcium influx throughout dendrites. Attenuation of bAP amplitude in distal dendritic compartments alters plasticity in a location-specific manner by reducing bAP-dependent calcium influx. However, it is not known if neurons exhibit branch-specific variability in bAP-dependent calcium signals, independent of distance-dependent attenuation. Here, we reveal that bAPs fail to evoke calcium influx through voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) in a specific population of dendritic branches in cortical layer 2/3 pyramidal cells, despite evoking substantial VGCC-mediated calcium influx in sister branches. These branches contain VGCCs and successfully propagate bAPs in the absence of synaptic input; nevertheless, they fail to exhibit bAP-evoked calcium influx due to a branch-specific reduction in bAP amplitude. We demonstrate that these branches have more elaborate branch structure compared to sister branches, which causes a local reduction in electrotonic impedance and bAP amplitude. Finally, we show that bAPs still amplify synaptically-mediated calcium influx in these branches because of differences in the voltage-dependence and kinetics of VGCCs and NMDA-type glutamate receptors. Branch-specific compartmentalization of bAP-dependent calcium signals may provide a mechanism for neurons to diversify synaptic tuning across the dendritic tree.
Assessing fitness costs of the resistance of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to pyramided Cry1 and Cry2 insecticidal proteins on different host plants

Abstract Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), is one of the major pests targeted by transgenic crops expressing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner. However, FAW presents a high capacity to develop resistance to Bt protein-expressing crop lines, as reported in Brazil, Argentina, Puerto Rico and the southeastern U.S. Here, FAW genotypes resistant to pyramided maize events expressing Cry1F/Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 (P-R genotype) and Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 (Y-R genotype) from Brazil were used to investigate the interactions between non-Bt hosts (non-Bt maize, non-Bt cotton, millet and sorghum) and fitness costs. We also tested a FAW genotype susceptible to Bt maize and F1 hybrids of the resistant and susceptible genotypes (heterozygotes). Recessive fitness costs (i.e., costs affecting the resistant insects) were observed for pupal and neonate to adult survival of the P-R genotype on non-Bt cotton; larval developmental time of the P-R genotype on millet and sorghum; larval and neonate-to-adult developmental time of the Y-R genotype on non-Bt cotton and sorghum; the fecundity of the Y-R genotype on non-Bt cotton; and mean generation time of both resistant genotypes. However, on non-Bt cotton and non-Bt maize, the P-R genotype had a higher fitness (i.e., fitness benefits), displaying greater fecundity and rates of population increases than the Sus genotype. Non-recessive fitness costs (i.e., costs affecting heterozygotes) were found for fecundity and population increases on millet and sorghum. These findings suggest that, regardless of the disadvantages of the resistant genotypes in some hosts, the resistance of FAW to Cry1 and Cry2 Bt proteins is not linked with substantial fitness costs, and may persist in field conditions once present.
The Development of Learning Material Model in Writing Scientific Papers by Using Guided Inquiry Method at Universitas PGRI Sumatera Barat

This research is motivated by the difficulties of students in determining the topic of scientific writing, difficulties in conveying ideas and limitations of references. This study aims to develop a learning model for writing scientific papers using the guided inquiry method. This type of research is development research. This study uses a 4-D development research design. The results of this study are as follows: (1) the material for writing scientific papers is difficult because students do not understand the concept of Scientific Writing. (2) in developing scientific work students do not yet know the systematics of scientific writing and students often make ineffective sentences (3) students really need freedom in determining writing topics and ideas (4) most students need the concept of learning to write scientific papers, (5) most students need lecturer guidance in their writing, (6) most students need systematic scientific work concepts, (7) most students need lots of references to write scientific papers. Based on the analysis of student needs, it is necessary to develop a Guided Inquiry-Based Scientific Writing Textbook that provides opportunities for students to find their own concept of learning to write scientific papers. Through Guided Inquiry, students are trained to think critically with teacher guidance.
PERCEPÇÃO AMBIENTAL DE MORADORES DO BAIRRO DE LIBERDADE DE PARNAMIRIM/RN SOBRE ESGOTAMENTO SANITÁRIO

Environmental perception studies aimed to investigate the relationships that a company has with its environment experiential, seeking to understand factors, mechanisms and processes that lead people to have opinions and attitudes about the changes in this environment. The implementation of a sanitary sewage system improves the environmental conditions, while changing the landscape around the projects and as a result will change the perception of the environment by the population. This study analyze the perception of residents of the Bairro Liberdade the Parnamirim on the establishment of sanitary drainage.
Endovascular treatment of medium and large intracranial aneurysms with large volume coils: A single-center experience

Background: Large volume coils are an alternative to conventional coils for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. However, there are no published reports documenting occlusion and complication rates in medium and large intracranial aneurysms. Therefore, we present our results in this subgroup of aneurysms. Methods: A single-center, retrospective analysis of consecutive patients treated with Penumbra coils 400 in aneurysms ≥7 mm was performed. Demographics, aneurysm features, procedural details, intraoperative complications, clinical outcomes, and occlusion rates were analyzed. Results: Thirty-three patients were included for analysis, and a total of 33 intracranial aneurysms were analyzed. Mean age was 57.6 years (SD ± 12.4) and 85% of the patients were women. Large aneurysms represented 46% of cases. Paraclinoid (55%) followed by posterior communicating (30.3%) aneurysms was the most frequently treated. Ruptured and saccular aneurysms were found in 49% and 63% of the cases, respectively. The mean aneurysmal dimensions were 14.2 mm width, 11.9 mm length, 5.4 mm neck, and 2.4 dome-to-neck ratio. A dome-neck ratio <2 was identified in 39% of cases. The mean number of coils per aneurysm was 4.8. Immediate modified Raymond–Roy Grades 1, 2, and 3A were achieved in 15%, 21%, and 64%, respectively. Twenty-six patients were evaluated at a mean follow-up period of 11 months, with an adequate occlusion of 92% and a good clinical outcome (modified Rankin score ≤2) in 96% of patients. Conclusion: Endovascular treatment with PC400 coils is an effective and safe option for medium and large intracranial aneurysms with high occlusion rates, few complications, and good clinical outcomes at follow-up.
Clustered Hyperspectral Target Detection

Aerial target detection is often used to search for relatively small things over large areas of land. Depending on the size and signature of the target, detection can be a very easy or very difficult task. By capturing images with several hundred color channels, hyperspectral sensors provide a new way of looking at this task, both literally and figuratively. Hyperspectral sensors can be used in many aerial target detection tasks such as identifying unhealthy trees in a forest, searching for minerals at a mining site, or finding the sources of chemical leaks at a factory. The high spectral resolution of hyperspectral imagery makes it well suited for these tasks, but the inherent high dimensionality of these images poses a unique set of challenges. The motivation of this work is to investigate the use of data clustering to improve our ability to detect targets within hyperspectral images. Target detection algorithms operate by identifying locations that are likely to contain a target when compared with the background. We propose a new clustering-based target detection method that allows multiple background models to be used. This new method pairs a clustering algorithm with an array of spectral matched filters. We then analyze the performance of various clustering algorithms when used with this method to detect targets in aerial hyperspectral images. We evaluate the performance of our clustered target detector on several aerial hyperspectral images when using clusters generated by several popular algorithms, specifically k-means, spectral clustering, Gaussian mixture models, and two variants of subspace clustering. We show empirically that clusters generated by Gaussian mixture models provide the best performance, obtaining a pAUC score of 0.192 in the true positive detection rate on the RIT Radiance image for false positive rates of 1% or less, providing over a 12-fold increase when compared to the pAUC score of 0.0148 obtained for target detection without clustering. We then tune a Laplacianregularized Gaussian mixture model (LapGMM) algorithm specifically for the task of
Higher Education Efficiency and Quality

The efficiency and the quality of higher education institution was assessed with the use of process approach. The efficiency of the higher education institution was determined on the basis of a combination of typical financial measures, taking into account costs incurred in the process of didactics and research, and expenditures (measured by current liquidity, stock turnover, receivables and liabilities ratios) necessary for schools to maintain financial liquidity. As measures of quality, related to statutory tasks of the university, the factors determining graduates’ situation on the labour market as well as patents obtained as a result of research conducted by university were adopted. Applying measures of quality enabled the researcher to obtain a more comprehensive dimension of the universities’ efficiency, while proving the fact that financial measures alone may distort the actual picture of efficiency or even lead to erroneous conclusions. It can be hypothesized that in the case of a higher education institution that pursues its statutory goals of providing knowledge to the public by conducting didactics and research, the concept of efficiency should combine financial and qualitative dimensions. The results obtained in the study using the DEA method allow the researcher to determine the situation of the university for the period covered by the study.