Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and pattern of the elongated styloid process among geriatric patients in saudi Arabia

Objective: The objectives of this study were to assess the elongation of the styloid process on digital panoramic radiographs and to evaluate the prevalence of the elongation according to age, sex and types. Patients and methods: Digital panoramic radiographs of 198 geriatric edentulous patients were analyzed. The radiographic length of the styloid process was measured on both sides using the measurement toolbars on the accompanying analysis software. For statistical analysis, Student’s t -test, chi-square test and analysis of variance test were used. Results: The elongated styloid process was seen in 87 of the 198 patients. It was observed that as age increased, elongation of the styloid process increased with a male predominance. Type I elongation was more common than other types of elongation. Bilateral elongation was most commonly found than unilateral elongation, and both types of elongation were frequently seen in males compared with females. Conclusion: The prevalence of the elongated styloid process in the present study was higher in comparison to the other reports from edentulous patients.
Population Status of House Sparrow, Passer domesticus in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India

15 Passer domesticus (House sparrow) is widely spread all around the world. It is one of a species which is closely linked with human settlements and cultivation from ancient times (Ali, 1996; Chamberlain et al., 2007) and serves as an indicator of overall ecological status of the given area. House sparrow is very flexible in making nests and can easily nest in houses, artificial cervices, holes in the walls, buildings and rocks, in the inverted cups of ceiling fans, cliffs cracks, inlets etc. The eggs are white, bluish white or greenish white, spotted with brown or greyish with the size of upto 2 inches and incubated by females for 10-12 days. It is omnivorous and feeds on insects, grains, flower nectar, fruit buds, and left over scrap from kitchens while young ones fed with aphids, grasshoppers, weevils etc (Crick et al., 2002).
Developing Energy Autonomous and Cable-less Multi-gateway LoRa Networks

Long Range (LoRa) networks are a reliable and efficient solution to serve Internet of Things (IoT) applications in a long range rural and forest areas. The capability of the gateways, both for wireless connection with the backbone network and be powered by renewable energy resources, makes possible the development of energy autonomous and without the need of cabling LoRa networks. This perspective greatly facilitates the network installation in hard-to-reach areas, as well as reducing their operating costs. An important obstacle, for the operation of energy autonomous LoRa networks, is the need for continuous operation of the gateways defined by the LoRaWAN protocol, leading to increased power consumption. For this reason, it is necessary the creation of a protocol that will reduce the energy consumption of the gateways, while maintaining the quality of the services provided in the IoT applications. In this paper we present a new hybrid protocol for energy autonomous and cable-less multi-gateway LoRa networks. The simulation results showed that the proposed protocol ensures a more than 50% reduced energy consumption for the gateways, as well as increased efficiency and reliability compared to the existing protocol, at the cost of slightly increased delay in data transmission.
Accurate trajectory representation for video surveillance

The main objective of this thesis is to nd, develop and evaluate a robust system to represent trajectories extracted from moving objects in surveillance videos. The proposed system should allow a exible and accurate work with trajectories, generating a useful trajectory representation for high level applications. The system is divided in four principal steps, each one with its own purpose. The rst step is in charge of extract the trajectories of moving objects from the target videos. The second step applies a number of techniques to enhance the data obtained in the previous step. In the third stage, trajectories are split to facilitate further work with trajectories. Finally, in the fourth step, the subpaths previously obtained are characterized by a number of features that allow further trajectory reconstruction. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system, all the experiments are run over two di erent datasets. These datasets include the most common scenarios in video surveillance. Each implemented step is analysed individually, determining its e ectiveness towards reaching the thesis objectives. A ground truth dataset has been created to evaluate some of the implemented techniques. This ground truth is made of hand annotated objects from several videos of the evaluation datasets.
Exploring the Gamification Design of Physical Education Programs for Chinese Youths

The physical health of young people due to insufficient physical activity has attracted the attention of all sectors of Chinese society, which has repeatedly emphasized that ensuring the participation of young people in extracurricular physical activities is the key to promoting their physical health development. In the further research, this study has noticed that the practice of designing physical education assignments still has problems such as insufficient feedback for evaluation, lack of guidance in the design process, and lack of appropriate assignment design concepts and skills. This study is based on the fact that gamification can be a useful tool for teaching and learning. Based on the understanding that gamification can introduce a better process tracking and feedback mechanism for teaching, this study explores the design mode of gamification of physical education assignments by combining the concepts of gamification design, and provides a detailed description and analysis of its construction principles, as well as specific steps and modes of construction, respectively.
Calorie Restriction Increases Muscle Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Healthy Humans

Background Caloric restriction without malnutrition extends life span in a range of organisms including insects and mammals and lowers free radical production by the mitochondria. However, the mechanism responsible for this adaptation are poorly understood. Methods and Findings The current study was undertaken to examine muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics in response to caloric restriction alone or in combination with exercise in 36 young (36.8 ± 1.0 y), overweight (body mass index, 27.8 ± 0.7 kg/m2) individuals randomized into one of three groups for a 6-mo intervention: Control, 100% of energy requirements; CR, 25% caloric restriction; and CREX, caloric restriction with exercise (CREX), 12.5% CR + 12.5% increased energy expenditure (EE). In the controls, 24-h EE was unchanged, but in CR and CREX it was significantly reduced from baseline even after adjustment for the loss of metabolic mass (CR, −135 ± 42 kcal/d, p = 0.002 and CREX, −117 ± 52 kcal/d, p = 0.008). Participants in the CR and CREX groups had increased expression of genes encoding proteins involved in mitochondrial function such as PPARGC1A, TFAM, eNOS, SIRT1, and PARL (all, p < 0.05). In parallel, mitochondrial DNA content increased by 35% ± 5% in the CR group (p = 0.005) and 21% ± 4% in the CREX group (p < 0.004), with no change in the control group (2% ± 2%). However, the activity of key mitochondrial enzymes of the TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle (citrate synthase), beta-oxidation (beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase), and electron transport chain (cytochrome C oxidase II) was unchanged. DNA damage was reduced from baseline in the CR (−0.56 ± 0.11 arbitrary units, p = 0.003) and CREX (−0.45 ± 0.12 arbitrary units, p = 0.011), but not in the controls. In primary cultures of human myotubes, a nitric oxide donor (mimicking eNOS signaling) induced mitochondrial biogenesis but failed to induce SIRT1 protein expression, suggesting that additional factors may regulate SIRT1 content during CR. Conclusions The observed increase in muscle mitochondrial DNA in association with a decrease in whole body oxygen consumption and DNA damage suggests that caloric restriction improves mitochondrial function in young non-obese adults.
Exudate Detection: Integrating Retinal-Based Affine Mapping and Design Flow Mechanism to Develop Lightweight Architectures

This article introduces an innovative solution to critical challenges in the automated detection of Diabetic Retinopathy using fundus images. To combat data scarcity, we investigate the process of modeling fundus images by proposing the ‘Retina-Based Affine Mapping’ mechanism. This facilitated the generation of representative augmentations to model occurrences influenced by various internal and external factors during fundus image acquisition, diverging away from the concept of previous works focusing on generic augmentations focused primarily on data scaling rather than increased representation. Additionally, we propose a ‘Design Flow Mechanism’ to streamline custom Convolutional Neural Network architecture development, via an internal parameter comparison table, resulting in a highly efficient model with 99.51% validation accuracy using only 1.40 million parameters, outperforming state-of-the-art alternatives such as ResNet-18, consisting of 11.69 million learnable parameters. These contributions enhance the field of automated DR detection, promising significant advancements in medical image analysis and early disease diagnosis.
Enhanced Transmission Phenomenon of a Subwavelength-Hole Arrays Under Electron Beam Excitation

The phenomenon of the extraordinary optical transmission through subwavelength hole arrays has enormous application potential in photonic devices. When an electron bunch passes through a subwavelength hole array with inner tunnels, the SPR radiation in terahertz band with the above phenomenon will be obtained if the transmission peak locates in the SPR band. Due to the enhanced transmission peak, the spectrum of SPR becomes narrow with an obvious peak.
The Nef Protein of HIV-1 Induces Loss of Cell Surface Costimulatory Molecules CD80 and CD86 in APCs1

The Nef protein of HIV-1 is essential for its pathogenicity and is known to down-regulate MHC expression on infected cell surfaces. We now show that Nef also redistributes the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 away from the cell surface in the human monocytic U937 cell line as well as in mouse macrophages and dendritic cells. Furthermore, HIV-1-infected U937 cells and human blood-derived macrophages show a similar loss of cell surface CD80 and CD86. Nef colocalizes with MHC class I (MHCI), CD80, and CD86 in intracellular compartments, and binds to both mouse and human CD80 and CD86. Some Nef mutants defective in MHCI down-modulation, including one from a clinical isolate, remain capable of down-modulating CD80 and CD86. Nef-mediated loss of surface CD80/CD86 is functionally significant, because it leads to compromised activation of naive T cells. This novel immunomodulatory role of Nef may be of potential importance in explaining the correlations of macrophage-tropism and Nef with HIV-1 pathogenicity and immune evasion.
Assessing climatic risk to improve farm business management

Assessing climate risk to improve farm business management David A George, C Birch, D Buckley, IJ Partridge and JF Clewett 1 Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland 2 Faculty of Natural Resources, School of Agronomy and Horticulture, The University of Queensland Faculty of Science and Agriculture, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University Agroclim Australia, 64 Kuhls Road, Highfields, Queensland David.George@dpi.qld. gov.au
Q-SiteFinder: an energy-based method for the prediction of protein-ligand binding sites

MOTIVATION Identifying the location of ligand binding sites on a protein is of fundamental importance for a range of applications including molecular docking, de novo drug design and structural identification and comparison of functional sites. Here, we describe a new method of ligand binding site prediction called Q-SiteFinder. It uses the interaction energy between the protein and a simple van der Waals probe to locate energetically favourable binding sites. Energetically favourable probe sites are clustered according to their spatial proximity and clusters are then ranked according to the sum of interaction energies for sites within each cluster. RESULTS There is at least one successful prediction in the top three predicted sites in 90% of proteins tested when using Q-SiteFinder. This success rate is higher than that of a commonly used pocket detection algorithm (Pocket-Finder) which uses geometric criteria. Additionally, Q-SiteFinder is twice as effective as Pocket-Finder in generating predicted sites that map accurately onto ligand coordinates. It also generates predicted sites with the lowest average volumes of the methods examined in this study. Unlike pocket detection, the volumes of the predicted sites appear to show relatively low dependence on protein volume and are similar in volume to the ligands they contain. Restricting the size of the pocket is important for reducing the search space required for docking and de novo drug design or site comparison. The method can be applied in structural genomics studies where protein binding sites remain uncharacterized since the 86% success rate for unbound proteins appears to be only slightly lower than that of ligand-bound proteins. AVAILABILITY Both Q-SiteFinder and Pocket-Finder have been made available online at http://www.bioinformatics. leeds.ac. uk/qsitefinder and http://www.bioinformatics. leeds.ac. uk/pocketfinder
Comparison of seismicity in the Geysers geothermal area with the surrounding region

abstract A comparison of seismicity at The Geysers and in the surrounding region indicates that the rate of seismicity at The Geysers is 45 times the regional rate and that clustering of events in space and time is more prevalent in the region area than at The Geysers. Temporally clustered seismic events that occurred at The Geysers from September 1975 through September 1976 appear linked to regional temporal clusters located at the southern end of Clear Lake. During this period, a characteristic 2- to 6-day time lapse separated temporal clusters at The Geysers from those at Clear Lake. The two areas where these correlated clusters occurred lie on either side of a presumed magma body. Correlation between clusters in the two areas disappears after September 1976. During the period of correlated seismic episodes, regional stress changes may have been transmitted between the two areas by aseismic creep.
Behavioural Brain Research

Gender differences in spatial memory favoring men are frequently reported, and the involvement of the hippocampus in these functions is well-established. However, little is known of whether this behavioral gender difference is mirrored in a gender difference in hippocampal function. Here we assessed hippocampal activity, using functional MRI, while 24 men and women moved through three-dimensional virtual mazes (navigation phase) of varying length, and at the end-point estimated the direction of the starting-point (pointing phase). Men were indeed more accurate than women at estimating direction, and this was especially true in longer mazes. Both genders activated the posterior hippocampus throughout the whole task. During the navigation phase, men showed a larger activation in the right hippocampus than women, while in the pointing phase, women showed a larger activation in the left hippocampus aterality than men. Right-lateralized activation during the navigation phase was associated with greater task performance, and may reflect a spatial strategy that is beneficial in this task. Left-sided activation during the pointing phase might reflect a less efficient post hoc verbal recapitulation of the route. This study is the first to identify neural correlates of the commonly observed male advantage in recalling one’s original position, and points to hippocampal lateralization as a possible explanation for this behavioral gender difference.
Source- and Age-Resolved Mechanistic Air Quality Models: Model Development and Application in Southeast Texas

Sourceand Age-Resolved Mechanistic Air Quality Models: Model Development and Application in Southeast Texas. (May 2012) Hongliang Zhang, B.S.; M.S., Tsinghua University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Qi Ying Ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM) existing in the atmosphere have adverse effects to human and environment. Southeast Texas experiences high O3 and PM events due to special meteorological conditions and high emission rates of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Quantitative knowledge of the contributions of different emissions sources to O3 and PM is helpful to better understand their formation mechanisms and develop effective control strategies. Tagged reactive tracer techniques are developed and coupled into two chemical transport models (UCD/CIT model and CMAQ) to conduct source apportionment of O3, primary PM, secondary inorganic PM, and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and aging distribution of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC). Models successfully reproduce the concentrations of gas phase and PM phase species. Vehicles, natural gas, industries, and coal combustion are important O3 sources. Upwind sources have non-negligible influences (20-50%) on daytime O3, indicating that regional NOx emission controls are necessary to reduce O3 in Southeast Texas. EC is mainly from diesel engines while majority of primary OC is from internal combustion
A 14-Bit, 12 V-to-100 V Voltage Compliance Electrical Stimulator with Redundant Digital Calibration

Electrical stimulation is an important technique for modulating the functions of the nervous system through electrical stimulus. To implement a more competitive prototype that can tackle the domain-specific difficulties of existing electrical stimulators, three key techniques are proposed in this work. Firstly, a load-adaptive power saving technique called over-voltage detection is implemented to automatically adjust the supply voltage. Secondly, redundant digital calibration (RDC) is proposed to improve current accuracy and ensure safety during long-term electrical stimulation without costing too much circuit area and power. Thirdly, a flexible waveform generator is designed to provide arbitrary stimulus waveforms for particular applications. Measurement results show the stimulator can adjust the supply voltage from 12 V to 100 V automatically, and the measured effective resolution of the stimulation current reaches 14 bits in a full range of 6.5 mA. Without applying charge balancing techniques, the average mismatch between the cathodic and anodic current pulses in biphasic stimulus is 0.0427%. The proposed electrical stimulator can generate arbitrary stimulus waveforms, including sine, triangle, rectangle, etc., and it is supposed to be competitive for implantable and wearable devices.
Heterogeneous Multi-Robot Cooperation With Asynchronous Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

Multi-robot systems (MRSs) are becoming increasingly important in various domains. However, effective communication and coordination among multiple robots remain significant challenges. In this letter, we introduce a novel architecture for multi-robot decision-making and control based on multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Our architecture can accommodate heterogeneous robots operating asynchronously in different scenarios. We propose an improved practical Q-value mixing network (Qrainbow), which builds on value-decomposition networks and applies the multi-head attention mixer of Qatten and effective components from Rainbow, such as double network, dueling network, and prioritized experience replay. To migrate the algorithm to MRS, we fuse macro-action into Qrainbow and make a slight change to the process of calculating the loss function, enabling Qrainbow to work in asynchronous scenarios. We evaluate our architecture in both the benchmark environment for MARL and a multi-robot environment with varying layouts. In terms of convergence speed and final result, Qrainbow outperforms other state-of-the-art MARL algorithms. Additionally, our architecture achieves superior performance in reducing time costs and avoiding collisions between robots in homogeneous and heterogeneous multi-robot cooperation tasks.
Public Health Policy, Political Ideology, and Public Emotion Related to COVID-19 in the U.S

Social networks, particularly Twitter 9.0 (known as X as of 23 July 2023), have provided an avenue for prompt interactions and sharing public health-related concerns and emotions, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic when in-person communication became less feasible due to stay-at-home policies in the United States (U.S.). The study of public emotions extracted from social network data has garnered increasing attention among scholars due to its significant predictive value for public behaviors and opinions. However, few studies have explored the associations between public health policies, local political ideology, and the spatial-temporal trends of emotions extracted from social networks. This study aims to investigate (1) the spatial-temporal clustering trends (or spillover effects) of negative emotions related to COVID-19; and (2) the association relationships between public health policies such as stay-at-home policies, political ideology, and the negative emotions related to COVID-19. This study employs multiple statistical methods (zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression, random-effects model, and spatial autoregression (SAR) model) to examine relationships at the county level by using the data merged from multiple sources, mainly including Twitter 9.0, Johns Hopkins, and the U.S. Census Bureau. We find that negative emotions related to COVID-19 extracted from Twitter 9.0 exhibit spillover effects, with counties implementing stay-at-home policies or leaning predominantly Democratic showing higher levels of observed negative emotions related to COVID-19. These findings highlight the impact of public health policies and political polarization on spatial-temporal public emotions exhibited in social media. Scholars and policymakers can benefit from understanding how public policies and political ideology impact public emotions to inform and enhance their communication strategies and intervention design during public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Image classification of small sample grape leaves based on deep learning

Grapes are common fruits in life, but grape varieties are diverse, mainly by the naked eye to distinguish, in order to solve the problem of low efficiency of artificial differentiation, using deep learning to achieve classification of a variety of grape varieties, constructing a CNN-GLS model, taking five kinds of grape leaf images as the research object. By learning and extracting the feature information of grape leaves through multi-layer convolutional network, adding a data enhancement layer to the network to reduce model overfitting, using the Leaky Relu activation function to avoid aliasing in the gradient direction, adding flat layer Flatten "flattening" convolutional pooled data, and one-dimensional multi-dimensional data, Adam optimizer can improve sparse gradient performance, reduce training time, and improve network efficiency. The experimental results show that the accuracy of small sample grape leaf species recognition based on convolutional neural network CNN-GLS model is 95.13%, and the model has robustness and high generalization ability, which is of great significance for the taxonomic identification of plants.