Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wheat kernels quality testing based on improved YOLOX

The rapid and accurate detection of the quality of wheat kernels, which is the raw material of flour, has been attracting much attention. Some detection methods have been proposed in the last few years. However, these algorithms are incapable of meeting both the requirements of speed and accuracy simultaneously. In order to meet these requirements, we propose a YOLOX_lite model based on the improved YOLOX model. By studying the influence of different color backgrounds on the imaging effect, we design a machine vision system and construct a wheat kernel dataset containing 1746 images of 7844 wheat kernels. The dataset includes moldy damaged wheat kernels, scabbed wheat kernels, sproutdamaged wheat kernels, and undamaged wheat kernels. Using this dataset, we analyze and research the most advanced object detection algorithms. Through optimization operations such as adjusting the CSPDarknet structure and FPN-PAN structure for wheat kernel quality detection. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves 97.8% accuracy on four kinds of wheat kernels, and the detection speed on the GTX1050 graphics card reaches 49.5FPS, an improvement of 39% to YOLOX_s, which indicates that the YOLOX_lite model meets the requirements of high efficiency, accuracy and reliability applied to the wheat kernel detection system.
Pressure corrections in the potential flow analysis of Electrohydrodynamics Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability of Cylindrical Interface through Porous Media

The effect of pressure correction on the linear analysis of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability of cylindrical interface in presence of saturated porous bed structure has been carried out, considering viscous potential flow theory. In the viscous potential flow theory, viscosity enters through normal stress balance and tangential stresses are not considered. The assume fluids in the system are considered to be viscous and incompressible with different kinematic viscosities. The fluids are subjected to be uniform electric field which is acting in the axial direction. A dispersion relation that accounts for the axisymmetric waves has been obtained and stability criterion has been given in terms of relative velocity. The viscous pressure is derived by mechanical energy equation and this pressure correction applied to compute the growth rate of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. The difference graphs have been drawn, to show the effect of various physical parameters such as porosity and permeability of medium, viscosity ratio, upper fluid fraction on the stability of the system. By the observation of the graphs, that axial electric field has stabilizing effect while porous media has destabilizing effect on the stability of the system.
Goal-Setting Behavior of Workers on Crowdsourcing Platforms: An Exploratory Study on MTurk and Prolific

A wealth of evidence across several domains indicates that goal setting improves performance and learning by enabling individuals to commit their thoughts and actions to goal achievement. Recently, researchers have begun studying the effects of goal setting in paid crowdsourcing to improve the quality and quantity of contributions, increase learning gains, and hold participants accountable for contributing more effectively. However, there is a lack of research addressing crowd workers' goal-setting practices, how they are currently pursuing them, and the challenges that they face. This information is essential for researchers and developers to create tools that assist crowd workers in pursuing their goals more effectively, thereby improving the quality of their contributions. This paper addresses these gaps by conducting mixed-method research in which we surveyed 205 workers from two crowdsourcing platforms -- Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and Prolific -- about their goal-setting practices. Through a 14-item survey, we asked workers regarding the types of goals they create, their goal achievement strategies, potential barriers that impede goal attainment, and their use of software tools for effective goal management. We discovered that (a) workers actively create intrinsic and extrinsic goals; (b) use a combination of tools for goal management; (c) medical issues and a busy lifestyle are some obstacles to their goal achievement; and (d) we gathered novel features for future goal management tools. Our findings shed light on the broader implications of developing goal management tools to improve workers' well-being.
Nuclear Receptor and Stress Response Pathways Associated with Antineoplastic Agent-Induced Diarrhea

In severe cases, antineoplastic agent-induced diarrhea may be life-threatening; therefore, it is necessary to determine the mechanism of toxicity and identify the optimal management. The mechanism of antineoplastic agent-induced diarrhea is still unclear but is often considered to be multifactorial. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular initiating event (MIE), which is the initial interaction between molecules and biomolecules or biosystems, and to evaluate the MIE specific to antineoplastic agents that induce diarrhea. We detected diarrhea-inducing drug signals based on adjusted odds ratios using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System. We then used the quantitative structure-activity relationship platform of Toxicity Predictor to identify potential MIEs that are specific to diarrhea-inducing antineoplastic agents. We found that progesterone receptor antagonists were potential MIEs associated with diarrhea. The findings of this study may help improve the prediction and management of antineoplastic agent-induced diarrhea.
The Trouble With Trivials (p > .05)

Among various reforms suggested to the American Edu­ cational Research Association's editorial policies directed at “editors, program chairs, and reviewers” (p. 28), Thompson (1996) recommended the reporting of effect sizes “regardless of whether statistical tests are or are not reported” (p. 29), “even [for] non-statistically significant effects” (1999, p. 67). Similar advice was given by Carver (1993), Hulburt (1994), Rosnow and Rosenthal (1989), and Wilkinson (1999). Heuristic support in the form of a thought experi­ ment designed to illustrate the concern with this suggested reform was given by Robinson and Levin (1997). They concluded that a better editorial practice is to “First con­ vince us that a finding is not due to chance, and only then, assess how impressive it is” (p. 23).
Multinational data show that conspiracy beliefs are associated with the perception (and reality) of poor national economic performance

Whileagreatdealisknownabouttheindividualdifferencefactorsassociatedwithcon-spiracy beliefs, much less is known about the country-level factors that shape people’s willingness to believe conspiracy theories. In the current article we discuss the possi-bilitythatwillingness tobelieve conspiracy theories mightbeshaped bytheperception (and reality) of poor economic performance at the national level. To test this notion, we surveyed 6723 participants from 36 countries. In line with predictions, propensity to believe conspiracy theories was negatively associated with perceptions of current and future national economic vitality. Furthermore, countries with higher GDP per capita tended to have lower belief in conspiracy theories. The data suggest that conspir-acy beliefs are not just caused by intrapsychic factors but are also shaped by difficult economic circumstances for which distrust might have a rational basis.
Collision forces for compliant projectiles

Summary Force histories resulting from the impact of compliantprojectiles were determined experimentally. A long instru-mented rod was used as the target, and the impact force wascalculated directly from the measured strain response. Resultsfrom a series of tests on several different sized impactors wereused to define four dimensionless parameters that determine,for a specified impactor velocity and size, the amplitude,duration, shape, and impulse of the impact force history. Introduction Impact loading is generally categorized as being in eitherthe low-, medium-, or high-velocity regime. The distinctionbetween the different velocity regimes is most aptly made notin terms of absolute velocities, but rather in terms of the typeof deformation experienced by the impactor and target duringthe impact event (ref. 1). Low-velocity impact is characterizedprimarily by elastic deformation of impactor and target, andby a small amount of highly localized yielding in the materialimmediately surrounding the point of contact. Classical elasticcontact models (refs. 2 to 6) have been applied successfullyto a wide variety of low-velocity impact problems, and thisfield is quite well developed. Similarly, high-velocity impacthas been investigated extensively, particularly during theApollo spacecraft era (refs. 7 to 10), and more recently formunitions and space station shielding applications (refs. 11to 14). The least thoroughly investigated impact regime is the mid-range. In this regime, the impact velocity is high enough tocause finite deformation of the impactor and/or target, but nothigh enough to generate the extreme amounts of heat and theresulting material phase transformations that can occur duringhigh-velocity impacts. Comparatively few methods areavailable that can predict with sufficient rcliability the transientforce that results from an impact loading in the mid-velocityrange. This report contributes toward that goal.The objectives of this work are, first, to describe a simpleexperimental technique that can be used to characterize theforce history resulting from the impact of a highly compliantprojectile undergoing large nonlinear elastic deformationduring the impact event, and secondly, to use data from a seriesof these tests as the basis for an empirical force-history modelthat describes the force resulting from such an impact.In the first section of this report, a detailed description ofthe experimental apparatus and procedure is given. The resultsof a io_ velocity "calibration test" are compared with finite-element calculations to demonstrate the validity of theapproach. Data from a series of impact tests with silicon rubberprojectiles are then used to define, for specified impactorvelocit2y and size, four nondimensional parameters that canbe usec_ to determine the amplitude, duration, shape, andimpulse of the impact force history.
The Turn to Safeguard Measures in the Solar Trade War

The growing energy security and climate change concerns have created a huge demand and global market for renewable energy technologies such as solar panels. The race to capture a share of this lucrative global market and other political economy considerations have inspired a trade war. Much of this war has been fought with and against green industrial policy measures such as subsidies tied to local content requirements (LCRs) and trade remedy instruments such as antidumping and countervailing duties. Safeguard measures are the latest additions to the armoury of trade defence measures in this burgeoning trade war. This article examines the dynamics behind and the implications of the turn to renewable energy safeguards for the global effort to accelerate the development and deployment of renewable energy technologies in light of the recent World Trade Organization (WTO) Panel report on US – Safeguard Measure on PV Products. The article makes three interrelated arguments. First, the WTO jurisprudence on renewable energy support measures and rapidly evolving global value chains in renewable energy technologies helped spur the turn to safeguard measures (SGMs). Second, the seal of approval from the Panel will drive interest in the use of renewable energy safeguards. Third, the increased and unfettered use of safeguard measures is detrimental to the transition towards sustainable energy sources. Safeguards, Solar Panels: Renewable Energy, Trade War, DS562, Trade and Environment
Exact Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation of the Dirac-Pauli Hamiltonian by Kutzelnigg's method

We apply Kutzelnigg's method for the Foldy-Wouthuysen (FW) transformation of the Dirac-Pauli Hamiltonian. The exact FW transformations exist and agree with those obtained by Eriksen's method for two special cases. In the weak-field limit of static and homogeneous electromagnetic fields, the long-held speculation is rigorously proven, by mathematical induction on the orders of $1/c$ in the power series, that the FW transformed Dirac-Pauli Hamiltonian is in full agreement with the classical counterpart, which is the sum of the orbital Hamiltonian for the Lorentz force equation and the spin Hamiltonian for the Thomas-Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation.
Computer vision supports primary access to meat by early Homo 1.84 million years ago

Human carnivory is atypical among primates. Unlike chimpanzees and bonobos, who are known to hunt smaller monkeys and eat them immediately, human foragers often cooperate to kill large animals and transport them to a safe location to be shared. While it is known that meat became an important part of the hominin diet around 2.6–2 Mya, whether intense cooperation and food sharing developed in conjunction with the regular intake of meat remains unresolved. A widespread assumption is that early hominins acquired animal protein through klepto-parasitism at felid kills. This should be testable by detecting felid-specific bone modifications and tooth marks on carcasses consumed by hominins. Here, deep learning (DL) computer vision was used to identify agency through the analysis of tooth pits and scores on bones recovered from the Early Pleistocene site of DS (Bed I, Olduvai Gorge). We present the first objective evidence of primary access to meat by hominins 1.8 Mya by showing that the most common securely detectable bone-modifying fissipeds at the site were hyenas. The absence of felid modifications in most of the carcasses analyzed indicates that hominins were the primary consumers of most animals accumulated at the site, with hyenas intervening at the post-depositional stage. This underscores the role of hominins as a prominent part of the early Pleistocene African carnivore guild. It also stresses the major (and potentially regular) role that meat played in the diet that configured the emergence of early Homo.
Spectral gap and the exponential localization in general one-particle systems

We investigate the relationship between the spectral gap delta E_0 and the localization length xi in general one-particle systems. A relationship for many-body systems between the spectral gap and the exponential clustering has been derived from the Lieb-Robinson bound, which reduces to the inequality xi le const. times delta E_0^{-1} for one-particle systems. This inequality, however, turned out not to be optimal qualitatively. As a refined upper bound, we here prove the inequality xi le const. times delta E_0^{-1/2} in general one-particle systems. Our proof is not based on the Lieb-Robinson bound, but on our complementary inequality related to the uncertainty principle [T. Kuwahara, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 46 (2013)]. We give a specific form of the upper bound and test its tightness in the tight-binding Hamiltonian with a diagonal impurity, where the localization length behaves as xi ~ delta E_0^{-1/2}. We ensure that our upper bound is quantitatively tight in the case of nearest-neighbor hopping.
Rayleigh's collapsing time of a spherical cavity: the $\Delta$-factor

New corrections to the equation of motion and total collapsing time of an empty spherical cavity immersed in an infinite incompressible medium are proposed on the assumption of a non-uniform density. The dimensionless number quantifying the corrections with respect to the standard Rayleigh results (coined the $\Delta$-factor) is fully independent of other possible contributions like surface tension and viscous terms. The $\Delta$-factor effect advocated here can be seen as a direct consequence of a mass-shell non-trivial solution to the continuity equation. The consistency of the corrections with respect to the Bernoulli theorem and some physical consequences in the framework of the Rayleigh-Plesset equation are also discussed.
Characteristics of EGRET Blazars in the VLBA Imaging and Polarimetry Survey (VIPS)

We examine the radio properties of EGRET-detected blazars observed as part of the VLBA Imaging and Polarimetry Survey (VIPS). VIPS has a flux limit roughly an order of magnitude below the MOJAVE survey and most other samples that have been used to study the properties of EGRET blazars. At lower flux levels, radio flux density does not directly correlate with gamma-ray flux density. We do find that the EGRET-detected blazars tend to have higher brightness temperatures, greater core fractions, and possibly larger than average jet opening angles. A weak correlation is also found with jet length and with polarization. All of the well-established trends can be explained by systematically larger Doppler factors in the gamma-ray-loud blazars, consistent with the measurements of higher apparent velocities found in monitoring programs carried out at radio frequencies above 10 GHz.
VLA observations of dwarf M flare stars and magnetic stars

The VLA has been used to search for 6 cm emission from 16 nearby dwarf M stars, leading to the detection of only one of them - Gliese 735. The dwarf M flare stars AD Leonis and YZ Canis Minoris were also monitored at 6 cm and 20 cm wavelength in order to study variability. Successive oppositely circularly polarized bursts were detected from AD Leo at 6 cm, suggesting the presence of magnetic fields of both magnetic polarities. An impulsive 20-cm burst from YZ CMi preceded slowly varying 6-cm emission. The VLA was also used, unsuccessfully, to search for 6-cm emission from 13 magnetic Ap stars, all of which exhibit kG magnetic fields. Although the Ap magnetic stars have strong dipolar magnetic fields, the failure to detect gyroresonant radiation suggests that these stars do not have hot, dense coronae. The quiescent microwave emission from GL 735 is probably due to nonthermal radiation, since unusually high (H = 50 kG or greater) surface magnetic fields are inferred under the assumption that the 6-cm radiation is the gyroresonant radiation of thermal electrons.
Maternal Ideas About Child Competence in Two Cultural Groups of the Indian Society

This article examines the differences and similarities in the conception of child competence held by mothers of the Adivasi 1 and non-Adivasi cultural groups of Indian society. Two hundred mothers,100 from each group, who had a school-going child between 7 and 8 years of age (range = 6.5 – 8.5 years), served as respondents. The Adivasi mothers belonged to the Kharwar group, whereas the non-Adivasi mothers were all Hindus and belonged to Yadav and Bania caste groups. Respondents from both groups lived in the same villages. A mother’s conception of ‘competence’ was assessed by asking each mother to imagine a child of 7–8 years who she thought was ‘doing well’ and then point out the domains in which the child was ‘doing well’. It was found that mothers of both groups considered physical and social domains significant to the same degree. The non–Adivasi mothers, more than the Adivasi mothers, used cognitive competence to conceptualise competence, while the Adivasi mothers emphasised, emotional and self-related domains for defining competence. Certain important differences within the sub-domains of each of the five main domains between the two groups were also found. Differences in defining child competence between Adivasi and non-Adivasi mothers are understood in terms of parental ethno-theories and eco-cultural approach.
CCD surface photometry of galaxies

We present here the results based on analysis of broad band optical images of radio loud and radio quiet galaxies selected from a set of x-ray galaxies. Data reduction techniques, and surface photometry using the IRAF data reduction package are described. The radial surface brightness profile of each galaxy is obtained. The disc, bulge, and nucleus of the galaxy are modeled based on the estimated brightness profile. The model of the galaxy is constructed, which is subtracted from the observed image to enhance the small scale features in the galaxy. Color maps of the galaxy are obtained and compared with those of normal galaxies. The optical properties of the galaxy are compared with its x-ray and radio properties.
Virtuous opinion change in structured groups

Although the individual has been the focus of most research into judgment and decision-making (JDM), important decisions in the real world are often made collectively rather than individually, a tendency that has increased in recent times with the opportunities for easy information exchange through the Internet. From this perspective, JDM research that factors in this social context has increased generalizability and mundane realism relative to that which ignores it. We delineate a problem-space for research within which we locate protocols that are used to study or support collective JDM, identify a common research question posed by all of these protocols—‘What are the factors leading to opinion change for the better (‘virtuous opinion change’) in individual JDM agents? ’—and propose a modeling approach and research paradigm using structured groups (i.e., groups with some constraints on their interaction), for answering this question. This paradigm, based on that used in studies of judge-adviser systems, avoids the need for real interacting groups and their attendant logistical problems, lack of power, and poor experimental control. We report an experiment using our paradigm on the effects of group size and opinion diversity on judgmental forecasting performance to illustrate our approach. The study found a U-shaped effect of group size on the probability of opinion change, but no effect on the amount of virtuous opinion change. Implications of our approach for development of more externally valid empirical studies and theories of JDM, and for the design of structured-group techniques to support collective JDM, are discussed.
Call Me Maybe: Using NLP to Automatically Generate Unit Test Cases Respecting Temporal Constraints

A class may need to obey temporal constraints in order to function correctly. For example, the correct usage protocol for an iterator is to always check whether there is a next element before asking for it; iterating over a collection when there are no items left leads to a NoSuchElementException. Automatic test case generation tools such as Randoop and EvoSuite do not have any notion of these temporal constraints. Generating test cases by randomly invoking methods on a new instance of the class under test may raise run time exceptions that do not necessarily expose software faults, but are rather a consequence of violations of temporal properties. This paper presents CallMeMaybe, a novel technique that uses natural language processing to analyze Javadoc comments to identify temporal constraints. This information can guide a test case generator towards executing sequences of method calls that respect the temporal constraints. Our evaluation on 73 subjects from seven popular Java systems shows that CallMeMaybe achieves a precision of 83% and a recall of 70% when translating temporal constraints into Java expressions. For the two biggest subjects, the integration with Randoop flags 11,818 false alarms and enriches 12,024 correctly failing test cases due to violations of temporal constraints with clear explanation that can help software developers.