Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trends in Drug Delivery Systems for Natural Bioactive Molecules to Treat Health Disorders: The Importance of Nano-Liposomes

Drug delivery systems are believed to increase pharmaceutical efficacy and the therapeutic index by protecting and stabilizing bioactive molecules, such as protein and peptides, against body fluids’ enzymes and/or unsuitable physicochemical conditions while preserving the surrounding healthy tissues from toxicity. Liposomes are biocompatible and biodegradable and do not cause immunogenicity following intravenous or topical administration. Still, their most important characteristic is the ability to load any drug or complex molecule uncommitted to its hydrophobic or hydrophilic character. Selecting lipid components, ratios and thermo-sensitivity is critical to achieve a suitable nano-liposomal formulation. Nano-liposomal surfaces can be tailored to interact successfully with target cells, avoiding undesirable associations with plasma proteins and enhancing their half-life in the bloodstream. Macropinocytosis-dynamin-independent, cell-membrane-cholesterol-dependent processes, clathrin, and caveolae-independent mechanisms are involved in liposome internalization and trafficking within target cells to deliver the loaded drugs to modulate cell function. A successful translation from animal studies to clinical trials is still an important challenge surrounding the approval of new nano-liposomal drugs that have been the focus of investigations. Precision medicine based on the design of functionalized nano-delivery systems bearing highly specific molecules to drive therapies is a promising strategy to treat degenerative diseases.
The Path to Personalized Treatment in KRAS-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Review of Targeted Therapies and Immunotherapy

Purpose of Review To summarize the targeted therapies and immunotherapy of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and discuss the ongoing clinical trials. Recent Findings KRAS mutations occur in about 30% of patients with NSCLC and are the second most frequent genetic variation in lung cancer. It has been considered “undruggable” for 40 years until the discovery of a direct inhibitor of KRAS G12C. The promising direct KRAS G12C inhibitors such as sotorasib and MRTX849 have made a breakthrough with promising anti-tumor effects in patients with KRAS G12C-mutant advanced/metastatic NSCLC post one prior line of therapy. Following the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in NSCLC, many patients harboring KRAS mutations can benefit from ICIs. However, due to disease heterogeneity, the prognosis of patients remains unsatisfactory, leaving room for personalized treatment options, such as new targeted therapies and other therapies. Summary In this review, we aim to dissect the strategies of clinical trials in these tumors, shifting from a few chemotherapy options to targeted and immunotherapy, in the context of molecular selection of KRAS-mutant NSCLC subtypes.
Use of Design Theories and Principles in Visual Brand Identity Elements in Commercial and Retail Banks

Studies on the processes that link logos and space design aesthetics to visual perception and recognition of visual brand identity (VBI) remain scant. Consequently, this study analyzed the visual correspondence between visual brand identity elements such as logos and interior spaces in commercial retail banking companies by assessing the foundations of their aesthetics formation and the role of aesthetic principles, aesthetic appraisal, and aesthetic impression. Using a qualitative approach, four commercial retail banking companies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia were analyzed through semi-structured interviews with professional designers and design academics. A comparative method was used to determine the visual correspondence between the aesthetics of the logos and the interior spaces. The findings confirmed the importance of using design characteristics and theories for designing the elements of VBI. The results encourage the use of design for building visual correspondence between the elements of a visual identity of brands. This study provides a useful addition to knowledge on the place of design principles in the creation of VBI.
Enhancement of Thermal Characteristics and On-Current in GAA MOSFET by Utilizing Al2O3-Based Dual-κ Spacer Structure

By utilizing the dual-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\kappa $ </tex-math></inline-formula> spacer (DS) technique, a novel structure has been proposed to improve the thermal characteristics and ON-current (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}{)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in gate-all-around (GAA) MOSFETs. The proposed GAA MOSFET structure utilizes DS, which contains aluminum oxide (Al2O3) as an inner spacer so that the self-heating effect (SHE) could be improved from the high thermal conductivity of Al2O3. To verify the proposed device structure, 3-D technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation has been performed through Synopsys Sentaurus tool. As a result, when the DS structure and Al2O3 are utilized in GAA MOSFET, the maximum lattice temperature (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${T}_{\text {max}}{)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is improved from 628 to 509 K, and the thermal resistance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{\text {th}}{)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is improved by 49%. According to this thermal improvement, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and OFF-current (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}{)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are also simultaneously improved in the proposed GAA MOSFET. Furthermore, since Al2O3 has lower permittivity than HfO2, the gate capacitance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${C}_{\text {gate}}{)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> could also be improved in the proposed GAA MOSFET. In essence, the proposed GAA MOSFET structure utilizes high thermal conductivity and low permittivity of Al2O3 with DS structure.
Microscopically and Molecular Detection of Theileria Species in Sheep in Baghdad Province, Iraq

The study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Theileriosis in sheep in Baghdad city, as well as study the effect of age, sex, and months in the infection rate by examination of 180 of blood samples collected during the period from the beginning of October 2020 to the end of March 2021. All samples were examined by microscopic examination, and 100 blood samples collected randomly from total 180 were molecular detection by using conventional PCR. The total infection rate of the microscopic infection was 33.33%(60/180). The result showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between two different ages of animals that infected with Theileria spp and the adult sheep(>1y), which recorded the higher 50% (50/100), while the lower infection rate 12.5% (10/80) was among the young sheep(6mns-1y). concerning sex and months, there was no significant difference between female and male ,also among study months. The conventional PCR technique was used in the molecular study; 70(70%) out of 100 blood samples were selected randomly from 180 sheep. PCR products of teen were selected randomly for DNA analysis to obtain the partial nucleotides sequence of 18S ribosomal RNA gene . The PCR product was processed as a wave-like shape at (1104bp) after that sequences were recorded in NCBI with No.1 (MW735685.1), No.2(MW735686.1), No.3 (MW735687.1), No.5 (MW735689.1),No.7 (MW735691.1),No.8 (MW735692.1), No.10 (MW735694.1) for Theileria ovis and No.1 No.4 (MW735688.1), No.6 (MW735690.1), No.9 (MW735693.1) for Theileria
Developing Music Recommendation System by Integrating an MGC with Deep Learning Techniques

In the modern scenario, everyone uses the internet to find music, movies, products, services and other commodities on a regular basis to make their lives easier. Because of a lot of data on millions of music, movie, products and services on websites, we need a recommender system very much to assist people in making decisions more quickly and easily. In this research study, we have developed an intelligent music recommendation system by integrating a Music Genre Classification (MGC) with different types of Deep Learning Techniques such as RNN-LSTM, GRU and CNN. We have used the GTZAN Genre dataset to training our system. We have extracted the features from GTZAN dataset by the help of Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) then pass the MFCCs into our deep learning networks. After classifying the appropriate music genre, recommended the music from particular genre from the labelled database which has been classified by our system. From our proposed models the GRU, CNN and RNN-LSTM produced about 71%, 72% and 74% respectively in our testing accuracy. The RNN-LSTM has achieved the best accuracy result (74%) among all of our proposed models.
Improvement in two-frame correlations by confocal microscopy for temporally resolved micro particle imaging velocimetry

An investigation of two-frame micro particle image velocimetry (µPIV) correlations is presented that utilizes a high-speed, spinning disk confocal micro particle image velocimetry (SDµPIV) system. The system uses Nipkow disk confocal epifluorescence microscopy and a high-speed camera to capture unsteady microscale flows using two-frame cross correlations. In µPIV, ensemble averaging is often used to reduce errors due to noise from out-of-focus particles. However, unsteady non-periodic flows require two-frame correlations which can be difficult to achieve with acceptable accuracy using µPIV. The confocal microscope uses pinhole spatial filtering to remove much of the light originating from outside the focal plane, reducing light from out-of-focus particles and improving the accuracy of two-frame cross correlation µPIV. Improvements to two-frame PIV correlations provided by the confocal system are evaluated using the correlation peak signal to noise ratio and universal outlier detection in steady Poiseuille flow as a function of particle volume fraction and focal depth into the channel. We find that the confocal system increases the mean correlation signal to noise ratio for all cases and reduces the fraction of erroneous vectors under conditions where there is a large number of out-of-focus particles. Time-resolved high-speed PIV is demonstrated through the measurement of an example unsteady flow created by an electrokinetic instability.
Similar mutation rates but different mutation spectra in moderate and extremely halophilic archaea

Abstract Archaea are a major part of Earth’s microbiota and extremely diverse. Yet, we know very little about the process of mutation that drives such diversification. To expand beyond previous work with the moderate halophilic archaeal species Haloferax volcanii, we performed a mutation-accumulation experiment followed by whole-genome sequencing in the extremely halophilic archaeon Halobacterium salinarum. Although Hfx. volcanii and Hbt. salinarum have different salt requirements, both species have highly polyploid genomes and similar GC content. We accumulated mutations for an average of 1250 generations in 67 mutation accumulation lines of Hbt. salinarum, and revealed 84 single-base substitutions and 10 insertion-deletion mutations. The estimated base-substitution mutation rate of 3.99 × 10−10 per site per generation or 1.0 × 10−3 per genome per generation in Hbt. salinarum is similar to that reported for Hfx. volcanii (1.2 × 10−3 per genome per generation), but the genome-wide insertion-deletion rate and spectrum of mutations are somewhat dissimilar in these archaeal species. The spectra of spontaneous mutations were AT biased in both archaea, but they differed in significant ways that may be related to differences in the fidelity of DNA replication/repair mechanisms or a simple result of the different salt concentrations.
Stochastic identification of defects under sensor uncertainties

This paper presents a new methodology for identifying defects under the presence of both sensor and defect uncertainties. This methodology introduces a representation of the beliefs of both the locations of defects and the sensors each by a probability density function and updates them using the extended Kalman filter. Because the beliefs are recursively maintained while the sensor is moving and the associated observation data are updated, the proposed approach considers not only the current observation data but also the prior knowledge, the past observation data and beliefs, which include both sensor and defect uncertainties. The concept of differential entropy has been introduced and is utilized as a performance measure to evaluate the result of defect identification and handle the identification of multiple defects. The verification and evaluation of the proposed methodology performance were conducted via parametric numerical studies. The results have shown the successful identification of defects with reduced uncertainty when the number of measurements increases, even under the presence of large sensor uncertainties. Furthermore, the proposed methodology was applied to the more realistic problem of identifying multiple defects located on a specimen and has demonstrated its applicability to practical defect identification problems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and Utilization of a Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

This study introduces a step-by-step, summarized overview of direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) fundamentals, thermodynamic–electrochemical principles, and system evaluation factors. In addition, a parametric investigation of a JENNY 600S DMFC is conducted to simulate cell performance behavior under varying operating conditions. The system is mathematically modeled and solved in MATLAB and accounts for multi-irreversibilities such as the activation and ohmic and concentration overpotentials. The performance of the modeled system was validated against theoretical and experimental results from the literature. The results indicated that increasing the fuel cell’s operating temperature yields enhanced output cell voltages due to enhanced methanol oxidation reactions. Nevertheless, the maximum efficiency limits of the fuel cell tend to decrease with an increase in temperature. In addition, the model has also depicted that enhanced output cell voltages are associated with increased oxygen consumption, resulting in the lower exit flowrates of the reactants.
African women entrepreneurs and COVID-19: Towards achieving the African Union Agenda 2063

Research on the challenges facing African women entrepreneurship and the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is scant. This article explored the challenges and the impact of COVID-19 on African women-owned businesses and the effect thereof on the 17th goal of the African Union (AU) Agenda 2063. African women entrepreneurs experience many social inequalities, ranging from cultural norms to family to legal and regulatory measures to accessing finance. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these challenges as many African women entrepreneurs have been forced out of business because of measures taken by African governments to halt the spread of the disease. The article reviewed current literature on African women entrepreneurs and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic using two databases and is based on a total of 104 published articles. The article provided a foundation for post-COVID-19 policy directives in Africa. The authors recommend measures to mitigate these challenges and discuss strategies for policymakers to re-position African women entrepreneurs for the post-COVID-19 era towards achieving AU Agenda 2063 and realising the Africa we all want.Contribution: The study aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal of ending poverty in Africa and the AU Agenda 2063 goal of achieving gender equality and empowerment of all women and girls to achieve the Africa we all want.
Smeared crack approach: back to the original track

This paper briefly reviews the formulations used over the last 40 years for the solution of problems involving tensile cracking, with both the discrete and the smeared crack approaches. The paper focuses on the smeared approach, identifying as its main drawbacks the observed mesh‐size and mesh‐bias spurious dependence when the method is applied ‘straightly’. A simple isotropic local damage constitutive model is considered, and the (exponential) softening modulus is regularized according to the material fracture energy and the element size. The continuum and discrete mechanical problems corresponding to both the weak discontinuity (smeared cracks) and the strong discontinuity (discrete cracks) approaches are analysed and the question of propagation of the strain localization band (crack) is identified as the main difficulty to be overcome in the numerical procedure. A tracking technique is used to ensure stability of the solution, attaining the necessary convergence properties of the corresponding discrete finite element formulation. Numerical examples show that the formulation derived is stable and remarkably robust. As a consequence, the results obtained do not suffer from spurious mesh‐size or mesh‐bias dependence, comparing very favourably with those obtained with other fracture and continuum mechanics approaches. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dissipation and Dietary Risk Assessment of Thiacloprid and Tolfenpyrad in Tea in China

Pesticides are widely used to maintain tea yields. For achieving satisfactory effects on pests, multiple pesticides in a low application dose have been the trend at present. In this study, we investigated the dissipation and dietary risk assessment of thiacloprid and tolfenpyrad. A method for the determination of thiacloprid and tolfenpyrad was developed. The recoveries ranged from 73% to 105% with standard deviations between 0.7% and 8.3%. Limits of quantification were 0.01 mg/kg for both pesticides. Field trials were conducted in China in 2021. The half-lives were in ranges of 3.22 to 8.45 days for thiacloprid and 2.91 to 10.50 days for tolfenpyrad. The terminal residues were in the range of 0.04–2.55 mg/kg for thiacloprid and <0.01–4.00 mg/kg for tolfenpyrad, respectively. Finally, a dietary risk assessment was conducted representing the acceptable risk of the two pesticides, which of ratios were all less than 100%. The safe pre-harvest interval of 14 days was suggested. This study can serve as a guide for the rational application of thiacloprid and tolfenpyrad in tea, which also ensures the safety of human health.
Masterbatch of Chitosan Nanowhiskers for Preparation of Nylon 6,10 Nanocomposite by Melt Blending

Composite materials have been extensively studied to optimize properties such as lightness and strength, which are the advantages of plastics. We prepared a highly concentrated (30 wt %) nylon/chitosan nanowhisker (CSW) masterbatch by blending nylon 6,10 and CSW by solvent casting to achieve high dispersion efficiency while considering an industrial setting. Subsequently, 0.3 wt % nylon/CSW nanocomposites were prepared with a large quantity of nylon 6,10 via melt blending. During preparation, the materials were stirred in the presence of formic acid at different times to investigate the effect of stirring time on the structure of the CSW and the physical properties of the composite. The formation of nanocomposites by the interactions between nylon and CSW was confirmed by observing the change in hydrogen bonding using FT-IR spectroscopy and the rise in melting temperature and melting enthalpy through differential scanning calorimetry. The results demonstrated increases in complex viscosity and shear thinning. The rheological properties of the composites changed due to interactions between CSW and nylon, as indicated by the loss factor. The mechanical properties produced by the nanocomposite stirred for 1.5 h were superior, suggesting that formic acid caused minimal structural damage, thus verifying the suitability of the stirring condition.
The Antecedents of University Students’ E-Learning Outcome under the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multiple Mediation Structural Path Comparison

The COVID-19 pandemic in late 2019 has severely affected the education sector. In order to avoid clustering, higher education has begun to implement a large number of e-learning courses. Although modern technologies are relatively mature, learning outcomes do not entirely depend on advanced technologies. The purpose of this study is to explore how self-directed learning and the information literacy of university students affect their e-learning attitude, and to understand the variables that mediate their effects on the learning effectiveness. This is a survey research and a survey questionnaire was used to collect data. A total of 714 valid samples were retrieved. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the reliability and validity of each variable, and the latent variable modeling was utilized to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that self-directed learning and information literacy had a significant positive impact on e-learning attitudes and learning effectiveness, and e-learning attitudes had a significant positive influence on the learning effectiveness. Through the structural model verification analysis, it was found that e-learning attitudes are the main intermediary mechanism among all of the variables. By comparing multiple intermediary variables, it was found that self-directed learning, as an independent variable, exerted indirect effects on the learning effectiveness through e-learning.
U.S. Young Adults’ Professional Help-Seeking in Response to Technology-Facilitated Abuse

Widespread access to an increasing number of technology-enhanced communications channels multiplies the potential for abusive interactions (i.e., technology-facilitated abuse [TFA]). Practitioners will be better prepared to respond to the problem of TFA if more is known about how commonly victims seek help, and from whom. Through a cross-sectional, U.S. nationally representative survey of n = 1,215 young adults aged 18 to 35, respondents completed the TFA scale of the Cyber-Abuse Research Initiative. We calculated the percentage of TFA survivors who sought help for their most damaging experience of TFA, and used logistic regression to model help-seeking for health services, victim services, technological assistance, and/or criminal justice/legal assistance. For each help source, we examined risk markers including sociodemographic characteristics, online activity, the number of different forms of TFA experience, and the perpetrator’s relationship to the victim. Use of a broader range of social media sites/platforms, and several indicators of more severe TFA experiences, predicted help-seeking from health services, victim services, and justice/legal assistance. Young adults who identified the TFA perpetrator as a current or ex-intimate partner were less likely than other survivors to seek two forms of help: technological assistance and/or criminal justice/legal assistance. Survivors who self-identified as Black were more likely than White survivors to seek victim services. Professionals who support survivors of interpersonal aggression may use these results to enhance their screening protocols and form cross-disciplinary partnerships to address the harms associated with TFA.