Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CSGAN: a consistent structural GAN for AS-OCT image despeckling by image translation

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) is a recent imaging technique for visualizing the physiological structure of the anterior segment. The speckle noise inherited in ASOCT images degrades the visual quality and hampers the subsequent medical analysis. Previous work was devoted to removing the speckles and acquiring satisfying images. According to the clinical requirements, it might be desirable to maintain locally higher data fidelity instead of enforcing visually appealing but rather wrong image structural features. Catering to this expectation, we propose a Consistent Structural Generative Adversarial Network (CSGAN) to learn the clean style of low-speckle in repeated AS-OCT images and simultaneously preserve the tiny but vital structural knowledge among the latent feature, spatial and frequency domains. Specifically, we design a latent constraint into the generator to capture the inherent content in the feature domain and adopt the perceptual similarities to directly preserve structural detail in the spatial dimension. Besides, we introduce a focal frequency scheme that adaptively represents and distinguishes hard frequencies to compensate for the spatial loss and refine the generated image to improve image quality. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the CSGAN can achieve satisfactory despeckling results with preserving structural details on the AS-Casia dataset.
Are Machine Reading Comprehension Systems Robust to Context Paraphrasing?

Investigating the behaviour of Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) models under various types of test-time perturbations can shed light on the enhancement of their robustness and generalisation capability, despite the su-perhuman performance they have achieved on existing benchmark datasets. In this paper, we study the robustness of contemporary MRC systems to context paraphrasing, i.e., whether these models are still able to correctly answer the questions once the reading passages have been paraphrased. To this end, we systematically design a pipeline to semi-automatically generate perturbed MRC instances which ultimately lead to the creation of a paraphrased test set. We conduct experiments on this dataset with six state-of-the-art neural MRC models and we find that even the minimum performance drop of all these models exceeds 41%, whereas human performance remains high. Re-training models with augmented perturbed examples results in improved robustness, though the performance remains lower than on the original dataset. These results demonstrate that the existing high-performing MRC systems are still far away from real language understanding 1 .
Multi-dimensional maximal coherent subsets made easy: illustration on an estimation problem

Fusing uncertain pieces of information to obtain a synthetic estimation when those are inconsistent is a diﬃcult task. A particularly appealing solution to solve such conﬂict or inconsistency is to look at maximal coherent subsets of sources (MCS), and to concentrate on those. Yet, enumerating MCS is a diﬃcult combinatorial task in general, making the use of MCS limited in practice. In this paper, we are interested in the case where the pieces of information are multi-dimensional sets or polytopes. While the problem remains diﬃcult for general polytopes, we show that it can be solved more eﬃciently for hyperrectangles. We then illustrate how such an approach could be used to estimate linear models in the presence of outliers or in the presence of misspeciﬁed model.
Systemic Inflammation after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is one of the most severe neurological disorders, with a high mortality rate and severe disabling functional sequelae. Systemic inflammation following hemorrhagic stroke may play an important role in mediating intracranial and extracranial tissue damage. Previous studies showed that various systemic inflammatory biomarkers might be useful in predicting clinical outcomes. Anti-inflammatory treatment might be a promising therapeutic approach for improving the prognosis of patients with aSAH. This review summarizes the complicated interactions between the nervous system and the immune system.
Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesias in Parkinson’s Disease: An Overview on Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, Therapy Management Strategies and Future Directions

Since its first introduction, levodopa has become the cornerstone for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and remains the leading therapeutic choice for motor control therapy so far. Unfortunately, the subsequent appearance of abnormal involuntary movements, known as dyskinesias, is a frequent drawback. Despite the deep knowledge of this complication, in terms of clinical phenomenology and the temporal relationship during a levodopa regimen, less is clear about the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning it. As the disease progresses, specific oscillatory activities of both motor cortical and basal ganglia neurons and variation in levodopa metabolism, in terms of the dopamine receptor stimulation pattern and turnover rate, underlie dyskinesia onset. This review aims to provide a global overview on levodopa-induced dyskinesias, focusing on pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, therapy management strategies and future directions.
A multi-chemistry modelling framework to enable flexible and reproducible water quality simulations in existing hydro-models: 2. The OpenWQ-SUMMA and OpenWQ-CRHM model implementations and testing

A multi-chemistry modelling framework to enable flexible and reproducible water quality simulations in existing hydro-models: 2. The OpenWQ-SUMMA and OpenWQ-CRHM model implementations and testing. Diogo Costa, Kyle Klenk, Wouter Johannes Maria Knoben, Andrew Ireson, Raymond J Spiteri, and Martyn P. Clark University of Évora University of Saskatchewan Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskacthewan Coldwater Laboratory
The Conundrum of Cardiovascular Dysfunction in the Critically Ill Obese Patient

Obesity remains a challenging public health problem. The anatomic and physiologic complexities of obese patients make their healthcare challenging under routine circumstances, but in the setting of critical illness, these challenges are magnified. This review explores some of the unique difficulties that critical care providers face when caring for the obese patient and highlights areas in which future research is needed to provide optimal care. (Nutr Clin Pract. XXXX;xx:xx-xx)
Exploring the Effects of Intended Use on Targeting in Virtual Reality

A BSTRACT Researchers have shown that distance and size are not the only factors that impact the target acquisition time in desktop interfaces, but that its intended use, whether it is selected, dragged, or otherwise manipulated, can also have a significant influence. However, despite the increasing popularity of virtual 3D environments, the intended use of targets in these contexts has never been investigated, in spite of the richer, multidimensional manipulations afforded by these environments. To better understand the effects of intended use on target acquisition in virtual environments, we present the results of a study examining five different manipulation tasks: targeting, dual-targeting, throwing, docking and reorienting. Our results demonstrate that the intended use of a target affects its acquisition time and, correspondingly, the movement towards the target. As these environments become more commonplace settings for work and play, our work provides valuable information on throughput, applicable to a wide range of tasks.
Anatomical Single-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using a Calcium Phosphate-Hybridized Tendon Graft with More than an Average of 5 Years of Follow-Up: A Follow-Up Study of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Calcium phosphate (CaP)-hybridized tendon grafting using an alternate soaking process improves tendon-to-bone healing in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions. This study aimed to compare bone tunnel enlargement, knee osteoarthritis, and clinical results between CaP-hybridized tendon grafting and conventional grafting in anatomical single-bundle ACL reconstruction. This study was a follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Between July 2011 and December 2015, 90 patients underwent unilateral anatomical single-bundle ACL reconstructions and were randomly assigned to the CaP-hybridized tendon grafting (CaP group, n = 45; age, 27.1 [14–54] years; sex, 21 males and 24 females) or conventional grafting (control group, n = 45; age, 22.9 [13–58] years; sex, 26 males and 19 females). The randomization was performed according to the days of the week when the patients first visited the outpatient. The CaP-hybridized tendon grafting was created intraoperatively. The tendon grafts were soaked in a calcium solution for 30 s. After that, the tendon grafts were soaked in a NaHPO4 solution for 30 s. This soaking cycle between the calcium solution and the NaHPO4 solution was repeated 10 times. The bone tunnel enlargement, osteoarthritis grade, clinical score, and sports level were evaluated in patients who could be followed up for >3 years (CaP group, n = 20, average follow-up period 6.0 [5.1–6.9] years; control group, n = 15, average follow-up period 5.6 [4.3–6.9] years). Clinical scores, sports levels, and osteoarthritis grades were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) based on repeated measurement data from preoperative and final observations, with time, group, sex, age, and BMI as fixed effects and the effect of individual differences as variable effects. In addition, bone-tunnel enlargements were analyzed using generalized linear models (GLM) with group, sex, age, and BMI as the main effects. Compared with the control group, the CaP group exhibited significantly reduced bone-tunnel enlargement on the femoral side (anteroposterior diameter; CaP group, 7.9% [−1.1–16.8] vs. control group, 29.2% [17.9–40.5], p = 0.004, MCID 16.05, proximal-distal diameter; CaP group, 7.9% [−1.9–17.8] vs. control group, 22.8% [10.9–34.7], p = 0.062, MCID 15.00). The osteoarthritis grades progressed in both groups (p < 0.001). The clinical scores and sports levels were not significantly different between the groups. This study suggests that the calcium phosphate-hybridized tendon graft reduces femoral bone-tunnel enlargement after anatomical single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in an average >5-year follow-up period. A longer follow-up period is necessary to reveal the clinical effects of the calcium phosphate-hybridized tendon grafts in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
A RE-AIM Analysis of a Mental Health App for Undergraduate and Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: The purpose of this study was to use the RE-AIM framework to evaluate the implementation of a mental health app designed for undergraduate and medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: Medical (n = 270) and undergraduate students (n = 1386) from five universities in the Appalachian region in the United States participated in this study. Methods: Universities from the United States were recruited to deploy the Sharpen app for medical and undergraduate students. The Sharpen app provided psychoeducational modules in mental health literacy, social-emotional learning, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and suicide prevention to promote protective factors for students. The utilization of the Sharpen app was analyzed using the RE-AIM framework using a retrospective, cross-sectional design. Results: Reach: A total of 12.72% of medical students and 6.00% of undergraduate students participated in the study. Efficacy: Medical students viewed significantly more pages, had a significantly higher unique page view average, and a statistically significant exit percentage when compared to undergraduate students. Adoption: A total of 100% of the universities that were recruited participated in the study. Implementation: Five out of six implementation criteria were included, indicating high implementation. Maintenance: All of the universities continued using the Sharpen app following the end of data collection, resulting in a 100% maintenance rate. Conclusions: The RE-AIM framework indicated usability and maintenance by medical and undergraduate students. Future research needs to implement a more rigorous design to determine the impact of the Sharpen app on mental health outcomes in medical and undergraduate students.
Weakly Supervised Cell Instance Segmentation for Multi-Modality Microscopy

Instance segmentation of multi-modality high-resolution microscopy images is an important task in computational pathology. We extended HoVer-Net[1], originally developed for segmentation and classification of nuclei in multi-Tissue histology images, to apply it under weakly supervised situation. According to the final tests, this modification also works for multi-modality microscopy.
A Current-Mode Multiphase Digital Transmitter With a Single-Footprint Transformer-Based Asymmetric Doherty Output Network

This article introduces a current-mode multiphase digital transmitter with a single-footprint transformer-based asymmetric Doherty output network. The proposed multiphase architecture overcomes the bandwidth expansion associated with the polar power amplifier (PA), while still achieving relatively constant output power and drain efficiency (DE) profiles. Additionally, to achieve efficiency enhancement in deep power back-off (PBO), and to simultaneously achieve a compact form factor, an asymmetric series Doherty output matching network using a transformer-within-transformer structure is also proposed. A proof-of-concept eight-phase digital transmitter using the proposed single-footprint Doherty network is implemented in a general-purpose 65-nm CMOS process. The transmitter achieves more than 20-dBm output power <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(P_{\mathrm{ out}})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and more than 31% DE from 4.5 to 6.7 GHz. At 8-dB PBO, it achieves a DE of 23% and 24% at 6.5 and 7.0 GHz, which corresponds to a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.76\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.93\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> improvement compared to normalized class B PA, respectively. The transmitter also achieves a 21% DE and an average <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{\mathrm{ out}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 14 dBm with an r.m.s. error vector magnitude <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$({\mathrm{ EVM}}_{\mathrm{ rms}})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 4.1% for a 20-MSym/s 64-quadrature amplitude modulation waveform at 6.5 GHz.
Breaking Undular and Breaking Surges Advancing in Still Water

The propagation of secondary surges can lead to unexpected interaction events with navigation ships and downstream hydraulic structures; hence, they may cause navigation accidents and structural damage. In the present study, physical experiments were performed in a long water wave tank to study the evolution of breaking undular and breaking surges advancing in still water. Both free-surface and velocity measurements were conducted. It was observed that the transition from a breaking undular surge to a breaking surge occurred as the ratio of the mean water depth behind the surge to the still water depth equal to 1.68–1.71. Empirical expressions based on the experimental data were proposed to predict the wave amplitude and wave steepness of breaking undular surges. The unsteady flow results demonstrated that the normalized longitudinal velocity component beneath the surge front was governed mainly by the normalized free-surface elevation, independently of the surge type. Moreover, the maximum vertical velocity component during the surge front passage had a linear dependence on the vertical location. The present result provided new quantitative information on breaking undular and breaking surges advancing in still water.
Planning Spatial Layout of a Typical Salt Tolerant Forage of Sweet Sorghum in the Yellow River Delta via Considering Resource Constraints, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Economic Benefits

In order to effectively address the issue of severe soil salinization in the coastal area of the Yellow River Delta, which has led to a significant number of medium and low-yield fields in this region, and to satisfy the rising demand for feed grain in China in recent years, a highly effective solution is to replace conventional crops by cultivating a specialized type of forage grass that can withstand high salinity levels and is well adapted to the local climate. This study proposed a spatial layout scheme for planting salt-tolerant forages, with the aim of providing a foundation for enhancing saline-alkali land and increasing resource utilization efficiency. The results showed that the climate conditions in the Yellow River Delta were suitable for planting sweet sorghum. With respect to soil salt content, the suitable planting regions for sweet sorghum can be classified into four categories: Suitable, moderately suitable, less suitable, and unsuitable, with soil salt concentrations of 2.62–5.25‰, 5.25–7.88‰, respectively. Concerning economic benefits, sweet sorghum’s input-output ratio (74.4%) surpasses that of cotton in high saline-alkali zones, providing a significant advantage in comparison with traditional crops. In non-saline-alkali and light saline-alkali areas, the traditional winter wheat-summer maize planting system offers higher economic benefits and nitrogen use efficiency, so it is recommended to maintain this system as the dominant agricultural model. In moderately and severe saline-alkali zones, although one-season maize exhibits greater nitrogen efficiency, its economic benefits are lower than those of sweet sorghum. Hence, it is advisable to promote one-season maize in suitable regions and introduce salt-tolerant forage, such as sweet sorghum in other areas. This approach offers novel ideas and methods for crop spatial layout planning and addresses potential feed grain shortages in the region.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Acute Calculous Cholecystitis: A Secondary Center Experience

Background Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has increasingly been accepted as the procedure of choice for the treatment of acute cholecystitis (AC). However, the timing of this procedure in the management of AC remains controversial. Hence this study was conducted to assess the feasibility of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis. Materials and methods Patients who presented with symptoms of acute cholecystitis such as pain and tenderness in the right upper quadrant, systemic signs of inflammation, and positive ultrasound findings according to Tokyo guidelines were included for evaluation. Group 1 includes patients presented within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms whereas those presented between 25 and 72 hours of the onset of symptoms belonged to Group 2. All patients were taken up for early LC after assessment. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were analysed. Results Out of 120 patients, 37 belonged to Group 1 (30.83%) and 83 belonged to Group 2 (69.17%). There was a significant difference between the study groups in terms of certain demographic, laboratory findings and duration of surgery. None of the patients in Group 1 developed postoperative complications, whereas one patient in Group 2 had a bile leak on postoperative Day 2. Group 2 had a higher conversion rate to open procedure (p = 0.059). The mean duration of hospital stay for patients in Groups 1 and 2 were 3 and 3.3 days, respectively. Conclusion Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe and feasible with minimal conversion rates in patients presenting with early symptoms of AC. With the availability of good visualisation, optics, instruments and energy sources, good outcomes can be achieved.
Blockchain in Hospitality and Tourism: A Game-Changer for Asian Markets

Blockchain technology has gained significant attention in various industries, including the tourism and hospitality sector. This research article explores the current and potential use of blockchain in the hotel and tourism industry in Asian countries, highlighting its benefits and challenges. The study examines the advantages of blockchain technology, such as decentralization, auditability, persistency, and its various applications, including cryptocurrency, Internet of Things (IoT), financial services, and public services. The article also discusses the potential impact of blockchain technology on the Asian hospitality industry and its potential to revolutionize the way the industry operates. Finally, the study presents recommendations and future directions for the adoption and implementation of blockchain technology in the Asian tourism and hospitality sector.
Fluidization of Wet Granulates under Hydrodynamic Shear

We investigate the fluidization threshold of three-dimensional cohesive granulates under hydrodynamic shear forces exerted by a creeping flow. A continuum model of flow through porous media provides an analytical expression for the average drag force on a single grain. The balance equation for the forces and a force propagation model are then used to investigate the effects of porosity and packing structure on the stability of the pile. We obtain a closed-form expression for the fluidization threshold of a regular packing of mono-disperse frictionless cohesive spherical grains in a planar fracture. The compound effect of structural (packing orientation and porosity) and dynamical properties of the system on its stability is quantified.
A pr 2 01 3 On Completions , neat atom structures , and omitting types

This paper has a survey character, but it also contains several new results. The paper tries to give a panoramic picture of the recent developments in algebraic logic. We take a long magical tour in algebraic logic starting from classical notions due to Henkin Monk and Tarski like neat embeddings, culminating in presenting sophisticated model theoretic constructions based on graphs, to solve problems on neat reducts. We investigate several algebraic notions that apply to varieties of boolean algebras with operators in general BAOs, like canonicity, atom-canonicity and completions. We also show that in certain significant special cases, when we have a Stone-like representabilty notion, like in cylindric, relation and polyadic algebras such abtract notions turn out intimately related to more concrete notions, like complete representability, and the existence of weakly but not srongly representable atom structures. In connection to the multi-dimensional corresponding modal logic, we prove several omitting types theorem for the finite n variable fragments of first order logic, the multi-dimensional modal logic corresponding to CAn; the class of cylindric algebras of dimension n. A novelty that occurs here is that theories could be uncountable. Our constructions depend on deep model-theoretic results of Shelah. Several results mentioned in [26] without proofs are proved fully here, one such result is: There exists an uncountable atomic algebra in NrnCAω that is not completely representable. Another result: If T is an Ln theory (possibly uncountable), where |T | = λ, λ is a regular cardinal, and T admits elimination of quantifiers, then < 2λ non principal types maximal can be omitted. A central notion, that connects, representations, completions, complete representations for cylindric algebras is that of neat embedding, which is an algebraic counterpart of Henkin constructions, and is a nut cracker in cylindric-like algebras for proving representation results and related results concerning various forms of the amalagmation property for clases of representable algebras. For example, rep-