Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An integrated digital polymerase chain reaction chip for multiplexed meat adulteration detection

Meat adulteration detection is a common concern of consumers. Here, we proposed a multiplex digital polymerase chain reaction method and a low‐cost device for meat adulteration detection. Using a polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic device, polymerase chain reaction reagents could be pump‐free loaded into microchambers (40 × 40 chambers) automatically. Due to the independence of multiplex fluorescence channels, deoxyribonucleic acid templates extracted from different animal species could be distinguished by one test. In this paper, we designed primers and probes for four types of meat (beef, chicken, pork, and duck) and labeled each of the four fluorescent markers (hexachlorocyclohexane [HEX], 6‐carboxyfluorescein [FAM], X‐rhodamine [ROX], and cyanine dyes 5 [CY5]) on the probes. Specific detection and mixed detection experiments were performed on four types of meat, realizing a limit of detection of 3 copies/µL. A mixture of four different species can be detected by four independent fluorescence channels. The quantitative capability of this method is found to meet the requirements of meat adulteration detections. This method has great potential for point‐of‐care testing together with portable microscopy equipment.
A New Generalization of Key Equation

This paper proposes a new generalization of the Key Equation. The authors construct a Homogenous Key Module Equation which is described by homogenous ideal of F [x,y], where F is a field. The authors show that the Homogenous Key Module Equation can be used to solve the problem of blind recognition of convolutional codes, which is a novel important research topic in adaptive communication, information interception and cryptanalysis. By means of a fast computation of Grbner basis of homogenous polynomial ideal with two variables, the authors find an efficient algorithm to solve the Homogenous Key Module Equation. A detailed computation example is given in this paper. Extensive experimentation confirms each result of theoretic analysis.
Rupture of the gastrocnemius muscle at its distal musculotendinous junction: conservative treatment and outcomes in 11 dogs

ABSTRACT Case history Medical records from three veterinary referral centres and a university veterinary teaching hospital in Australia and the USA were reviewed to identify dogs with a diagnosis of distal gastrocnemius musculotendinous junction rupture (DGMJR) that were treated without surgery between 2007 and 2020. Clinical and imaging findings All dogs (n = 11) presented with unilateral, pelvic limb lameness and bruising, swelling or pain on palpation at the distal musculotendinous junction. The diagnosis was confirmed with ultrasound or MRI in six dogs; radiographs were used to excluded stifle and tarsus pathology in four dogs; and five dogs were diagnosed on physical examination findings. Treatment and outcome All dogs were managed conservatively, either with complete confinement alone (n = 10; median 9 weeks), external coaptation alone (n = 1), or a combination of both (n = 4). Sporting dogs (n = 7) were completely confined (median 22 weeks) for longer periods than companion dogs (n = 3; median 5 weeks). A good to excellent outcome was achieved for all cases in this cohort. The seven sporting dogs achieved an excellent outcome; returning to their previous level of sport, with complete resolution of lameness and recovery of a normal tibiotarsal stance. The four companion dogs achieved a good outcome; returning to their previous level of activity but with persistently increased tibiotarsal standing angle compared to the contralateral limb. Clinical relevance Conservative treatment represents a viable treatment option for dogs with a rupture of the gastrocnemius muscle at its distal musculotendinous junction.
Development and Evaluation of a New Orthodontic Ligature: Frictional Force Analysis

Abstract Objective To evaluate and compare the friction of different ligature modes used in orthodontics, and to propose a new ligature model for conventional brackets (“H low-friction orthodontic ligature). Materials and Methods Samples were randomly divided into seven experimental groups: (1) resin H ligature (H3D), designed by the authors of this study and produced in a 3D printer, with conventional bracket; (2) metal H ligature (HFM), with conventional bracket; (3) passive self-ligating bracket (SLP); (4) “8” low-friction unconventional elastic (LT8), with conventional bracket; (5) loose conventional metal ligature (MLS), with conventional bracket; (6) conventional metal ligature fully tightened (MLT), with conventional bracket; (7) conventional elastic ligature (CEL), with conventional bracket—control. All samples were subjected to mechanical static friction testing using the EMIC DL 2000 universal testing machine. Statistical Analysis To assess the normality requirement, the Shapiro–Wilk test was used, which showed a non-normal distribution for the means of the groups ( p < 0.05). Therefore, statistical tests were performed to assess the existence of statistically significant differences between the groups through the Kruskal–Wallis, followed by Dunn's test, pairwise comparison, p < 0.05. Results The results obtained showed lower friction values for HFM (0.002 kgf), SLP (0.003 kgf), and LT8 (0.004 kgf)—these did not differ statistically from each other. These were followed by H3D (0.020 kgf), MLS (0.049 kgf), CEL (0.12 kgf), and, finally, MLT (0.21 kgf). Conclusion The lowest friction value was found for the metal H ligature, similar to the self-ligating bracket and the “8” low-friction unconventional elastic. The resin H ligature presented intermediate friction values and the highest friction force was found for the MLT group.
Sportliches Training beim metabolischen Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Die Inzidenz kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren steigt mit zunehmendem Alter stetig an 1 . Zusammengefasst werden sie (je nach zugrunde liegender Klassifizierung WHO, IDF oder AHA/NHLBI) als metabolisches Syndrom (MetS) bezeichnet. Risikosteigerung für eine Entwicklung von Diabetes mellitus Typ 2, Herzleiden, Schlaganfall und weiteren Erkrankungen sowie eine frühere Sterblichkeit können die Folgen sein. Neben Ernährungsweise, genetischer Disposition, Altersstruktur und soziokulturellen Einflussfaktoren scheint Bewegungsmangel einer der hauptursächlichen Faktoren des MetS zu sein 2 , 3 . Angepasstes sportliches Training zeigt präventiv wie kurativ Wirksamkeit gegen die ungünstige Konstellation des Syndroms und kann – im besten Fall in Verbindung mit einer gesunden Ernährungsweise – zu einer Gesundung der Betroffenen führen 4 . Der Beitrag zeigt Trainingsbeispiele zur Bewegungsanregung.
Constructionist approaches to critical data literacy: A review

Increased technological capacity to collect and use data has created both new possibilities for benefiting individuals and societies, and critical questions of what is acceptable and just [31]. Because early definitions of data literacy have often excluded aspects of power, equity, empowerment, and emancipation, children’s learning experiences have focused more on the potential benefits compared to the critical questions. In this review article, we examine the importance of teaching critical data literacy to children as a key aspect of developing fluency with data. Using constructionist principles [67] as a guiding framework, we synthesize 48 educational research and design approaches that engage youth with data projects. We describe how these projects provide students with information about data’s origins and perspectives, and assist them in identifying, analyzing, and presenting data. Finally, we provide design implications and concrete examples on how constructionist approaches can be utilized for teaching critical data literacy.
Architectural Support for Efficient Data Movement in Fully Disaggregated Systems

Traditional data centers include monolithic servers that tightly integrate CPU, memory and disk (Figure 1a). Instead, Disaggregated Systems (DSs) [8, 13, 18, 27] organize multiple compute (CC), memory (MC) and storage devices as independent, failure-isolated components interconnected over a high-bandwidth network (Figure 1b). DSs can greatly reduce data center costs by providing improved resource utilization, resource scaling, failure-handling and elasticity in modern data centers [5, 8-10, 10, 11, 13, 18, 27] The MCs provide large pools of main memory (remote memory), while the CCs include the on-chip caches and a few GBs of DRAM (local memory) that acts as a cache of remote memory. In this context, a large fraction of the application's data (~ 80%) [8, 18, 27] is located in remote memory, and can cause large performance penalties from remotely accessing data over the network.
Understanding Research Related to Designing for Children's Privacy and Security: A Document Analysis

Many children are growing up in a “digital-by-default” world, where technologies mediate many of their interactions. There is emerging consensus that those who design technology must support children's privacy and security. However, privacy and security are complex concepts that are challenging to design for, and centering the interests of children is similarly difficult. Through a document analysis of 90 HCI publications, we examine what problems and solutions designing for children's privacy and security addresses and how this research engages with children. Applying Solove's privacy taxonomy, we find that research addresses a range of problems related to information collection, processing, dissemination, and invasion at the organizational, system, and individual levels. Children's participation in this research is largely limited to providing feedback rather than helping to guide the research itself. Based on these findings, we offer recommendations for designers to sharpen their privacy and security contributions and center children in their work.
Sixty Percent: A Proactive Approach to Developing a Security-Conscious Mindset in Children

To protect young children from online harm in the long term, a proactive approach is required. Sixty Percent intends to mitigate such risks by providing children with a mobile tool to encourage interactive reflection and critical thinking. The investigation gathers behavioural data from parents and guardians, in addition to feedback from users aged eight to eleven, for a prototype imitating a mobile application. The findings indicate there is indeed a gap in the market for mobile applications, aimed to enthuse and educate the younger generation, that shouldn't be on social media, yet still are. Children have indicated the mobile tool is an engaging method which they can exploit for knowledge and support whilst navigating cyberspace.
Shape of Music: AR-based Tangible Programming Tool for Music Visualization

Integrating music into Computer Science (CS) education can stimulate children’s creativity, change the stereotypical perspective of CS, and encourage women, ethnic or cultural minorities involved in the Computer Science area. In this paper, we use Augmented Reality (AR) technology to design a tangible programming system - AR-MPro for children, acting as a bridge between programming and music. It allows children to create customized AR effects to visualize music with low-cost materials by constructing tangible program sequences. AR-MPro is expected to broaden participation in computing, and be more intuitive, intriguing and instructional to enrich children’s creating and programming experiences.
PinIt: Influencing OS Scheduling via Compiler-Induced Affinities

In multi-core machines, applications execute in a complex-co-execution environment in which the number of concurrently executing applications typically exceed the number of available cores. In order to fairly and efficiently utilize cores, modern operating systems (OS) such as Linux migrate threads between cores during execution. Although such thread migrations alleviate the problem of stalling and load balancing yielding better core utilization, they also tend to destroy data locality, resulting in fewer cache hits, TLB hits, and thus performance loss for the group of applications collectively. This problem is especially severe in embedded servers which execute media and vision applications that exhibit high data locality. One one hand, mitigating this problem across a group of applications based on OS only solution is infeasible since OS treats applications as blackboxes and has no knowledge of its locality and other behavior. On the other hand, to-date, compiler optimization have focused on analysis, transformations and performance enhancement of applications in isolation ignoring the problem of optimizing performance for applications as a group. This is because of the infeasibility of global-compiler analysis across applications as well as due to the dynamic nature of inter-application interactions which is statically unknown. To address this problem, we propose PinIt, a compiler-directed methodology that analyzes applications individually yet induces the operating system to mediate actions across applications to minimize harmful migrations and maintains locality. PinIt determines the regions of a program in which the process should be pinned onto a core so that adverse migrations causing excessive cache and TLB misses are avoided. PinIt first calculates memory reuse density, a new measure that quantifies the reuses within code regions. Pin/unpin calls are then hoisted at the entry and exits of the region which exhibit high values of reuse density. The paper presents new analyses and transformations that optimize the placement of such calls. In an overloaded environment compared to priority-cfs, PinIt speeds up high-priority applications in Mediabench workloads by 1.16x and 2.12x and in vision-based workloads by 1.35x and 1.23x on 8cores and 16cores, respectively, with almost the same or better throughput for low-priority applications.
Processing-in-Memory for Databases: Query Processing and Data Transfer

The Processing-in-Memory (PIM) paradigm promises to accelerate data processing by pushing down computation to memory, reducing the amount of data transfer between memory and CPU, and – in this way – relieving the CPU from processing. Particularly, in in-memory databases memory access becomes a performance bottleneck. Thus, PIM seems to offer an interesting solution for database processing. In this work, we investigate how commercially available PIM technology can be leveraged to accelerate query processing by offloading (parts of) query operators to memory. Furthermore, we show how to address the problem of limited PIM storage capacity by interleaving transfer and computation and present a cost model for the data placement problem.
Supporting Teens’ Intentional Social Media Use Through Interaction Design: An exploratory proof-of-concept study

Prior research indicates that many adolescents struggle to use social media intentionally, with negative impacts on well-being. This presents an important but under-researched opportunity to improve youth well-being through interaction design. We developed Locus, a mobile application that shapes adolescents’ entry experiences into the social media apps on their phones by prompting them to reflect on their social media intentions before they open an app and at the end of the day. In designing Locus, we combined psychology theories—to identify design targets—with co-design approaches—to design around these targets for youth's lived experiences. Following co-design work with nine teens (Mage=15.7 years), we conducted an open trial field deployment (N = 54; Mage=16.2 years) to explore how Locus was used and experienced by adolescents during their daily lives. Results provide preliminary evidence that in-the-moment interventions for self-regulation skills can support adolescents’ intentional social media use.
Unobtrusively Regulating Children’s Posture via Slow Visual Stimuli on Tablets

Children’s retention of a proper body posture while interacting with educational tablet applications is important for both their physical health and task performance. In this work, we propose a new approach to unobtrusively induce postural changes in children by applying a slowly deforming visual stimulus appearing on the tablet screen. To preliminarily validate our approach we designed a reading-and-writing tablet application for children, during which 8 different slow visual stimuli would be provided, and monitored the children’s posture via a vision-based automated posture tracking system. Results from 10 children aged 6-11 suggest that the proposed approach is suitable for unobtrusively changing children’s postures and will stand as the basis for the future design of an adaptive unobtrusive posture regulation system.
Thinking Spatially About Data: A Developing Framework to Understand Children's Spatial Reasoning in Data Physicalization

Encoding intangible data variables with visual, spatial, and physical properties demands a high level of spatial reasoning. The ability to reason spatially is widely deemed critical to science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) learning. While much research has explored the relationship between learning with visualizations and spatial skills development, little is known about how children use their spatial reasoning in constructing tangible visualizations. This work-in-progress investigates how data physicalization activities, organized within a Design module in primary classrooms in the Netherlands, provide a window to understanding children's spatial reasoning about data. Based on preliminary analysis, we identify six indicators of children's spatial reasoning as observed in their constructing processes and artifacts. Most children in the study used tangible materials of varied sizes, curated meaningful spatial arrangements, and employed different unitizing methods to encode numerical data with spatial properties. Some children adjusted the sizes, units, or spatial arrangement to refine their tangible visualizations, considered the pros and cons of two- and three-dimensional forms of presentation, and made creative use of spatial shapes. In summary, this case study offers insights into children's use of spatial reasoning in data physicalization creation and practical implications for situating data physicalization activities in formal learning environments.
A variable-fidelity multi-objective optimization method for aerospace structural design optimization

Variable-fidelity (VF) surrogate models have been widespreadly applied to aerospace structural design and optimization problems with multiple objectives to alleviate the optimization cost. To enhance the performance of the existing multi-objective optimization algorithms based on VF surrogate model, a variable-fidelity hypervolume expected improvement (VF-HVEI) method is proposed. Co-Kriging model is utilized to replace computational expensive objective functions in the proposed method, and it is sequentially updated with the VF-HEVI method during the optimization process. The proposed infilling criterion effectively considers the prediction uncertainty of the VF surrogate model, the contribution of sample points of different fidelity on the improvement of the current Pareto front and the computation cost of different simulation models at the same time. The test results in analytical and engineering examples indicate that the proposed method obtains more accurate and robust Pareto front under the same simulation cost.
A Guide to Nominal Group Technique (NGT) in Focus-group Research

This article briefly describes the use of Nominal Group Technique (NGT) to elicit information from a small group. NGT is a simple and rigorous educational research method, which can easily be used with staff and/or students. In this article, the different stages of NGT are covered sequentially and a short case study is provided on the use of NGT in a recent geography and environmental sciences pedagogic research project. This short paper also considers the appropriate use of NGT and covers some of the technique's weaknesses. The article concludes by providing some recommendations for practitioners who might like to try using this technique.
Brain Representations of Affective Valence and Intensity in Sustained Pleasure and Pain

Pleasure and pain are two opposites that compete and influence each other, implying the existence of brain systems that integrate them to generate modality-general affective experiences. Here, we examined the brain’s general affective codes (i.e., affective valence and intensity) across sustained pleasure and pain through an fMRI experiment (n = 58). We found that the distinct sub-populations of voxels within the ventromedial and lateral prefrontal cortices, the orbitofrontal cortex, the anterior insula, and the amygdala were involved in decoding affective valence versus intensity, which was replicated in an independent test dataset (n = 62). The affective valence and intensity models were connected to distinct large-scale brain networks—the intensity model to the ventral attention network and the valence model to the limbic and default mode networks. Overall, this study identified the brain representations of affective valence and intensity across pleasure and pain, promoting the systems-level understanding of human affective experiences.
Updating the sulcal landscape of the human lateral parieto-occipital junction provides anatomical, functional, and cognitive insights

Recent work has uncovered relationships between evolutionarily new small and shallow cerebral indentations, or sulci, and human behavior. Yet, this relationship remains unexplored in the lateral parietal cortex (LPC) and the lateral parieto-occipital junction (LPOJ). After defining thousands of sulci in a young adult cohort, we uncovered four previously unidentified small and shallow LPC/LOPJ sulci—one of which (ventral supralateral occipital sulcus, slocs-v) is present in nearly every hemisphere, and is morphologically, architecturally, and functionally dissociable from neighboring regions. A data-driven, model-based approach relating sulcal depth to behavior revealed that the morphology of only a subset of LPC/LPOJ sulci, including the slocs-v, is related to performance on a spatial orientation, but not a relational reasoning task. Our findings build on classic neuroanatomical theories and identify new neuroanatomical targets for future “precision imaging” studies exploring the relationship among brain structure, brain function, and cognitive abilities in individual participants.
Scots pine – panmixia and the elusive signal of genetic adaptation

Scots pine is the foundation species of diverse forested ecosystems across Eurasia and displays remarkable ecological breadth, occurring in environments ranging from temperate rainforests to arid tundra margins. Such expansive distributions can be favored by various demographic and adaptive processes and the interactions between them. To understand the impact of neutral and selective forces on genetic structure in Scots pine, we conducted range-wide population genetic analyses on 2,321 trees from 202 populations using genotyping-by-sequencing, reconstructed the recent demography of the species, and examined signals of genetic adaptation. We found a high and uniform genetic diversity across the entire range (global FST 0.048), no increased genetic load in expending populations and minor impact of the last glacial maximum on historical population sizes. Genetic-environmental associations identified only a handful of SNPs significantly linked to environmental gradients. The results suggest that extensive gene flow is predominantly responsible for the observed genetic patterns in Scots pine. The apparent missing signal of genetic adaptation is likely attributed to the intricate genetic architecture controlling adaptation to multi-dimensional environments. The panmixia metapopulation of Scots pine offers a good study system for further exploration into how genetic adaptation and plasticity evolve under gene flow and changing environment.