Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cannabinoid receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1

Cannabinoid receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Cannabinoid Receptors [119]) are activated by endogenous ligands that include N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide), N-homo-γ-linolenoylethanolamine, N-docosatetra-7,10,13,16-enoylethanolamine and 2-arachidonoylglycerol. Potency determinations of endogenous agonists at these receptors are complicated by the possibility of differential susceptibility of endogenous ligands to enzymatic conversion [5]. There are currently three licenced cannabinoid medicines each of which contains a compound that can activate CB1 and CB2 receptors [111]. Two of these medicines were developed to suppress nausea and vomiting produced by chemotherapy. These are nabilone (Cesamet®), a synthetic CB1/CB2 receptor agonist, and synthetic Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Marinol®; dronabinol), which can also be used as an appetite stimulant. The third medicine, Sativex®, contains mainly Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, both extracted from cannabis, and is used to treat multiple sclerosis and cancer pain.
GRAMMATICALISATION AND EVOLUTION

Grammaticalisation is relevant for language evolution in two ways. First, it is possible to model grammaticalisation processes by evolutionary simulations (iterated learning). This paper provides two such models of a central step in the grammaticalisation process: the recruitment of lexical and functional words for a new functional role. These models help in better understanding the processes involved. Second, it is possible to reason backwards to earlier stages of human language. The paper argues that all that is necessary for the genesis of natural languages is the conventionality of the form-meaning association and the possibility of introducing new lexical words. Once there is a communication system of this kind, all the additional complexities of human languages follow.
Nutrient Profiles of Commercially Produced Complementary Foods Available in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Nigeria and Senegal

The nutritional quality of commercially produced complementary food (CPCF) varies widely, with CPCF in high-income settings often containing excessive levels of sugar and sodium. Little is known about the nutritional quality of CPCF available in the West Africa region, despite their potential to improve the nutrition of infants and young children (IYC). This study evaluated the nutritional quality of CPCF available in five West African countries using the WHO Europe nutrient profiling model (NPM) and assessed their suitability for IYC based on label information. The proportion that would necessitate a “high sugar” warning was also determined, and the micronutrient (iron, calcium, and zinc) content was assessed against IYC-recommended nutrient intakes. Of the 666 products assessed, only 15.9% were classified as nutritionally suitable for promotion for IYC. The presence of added sugar and excessive sodium levels were the most common reasons for a product to fail the nutrient profiling assessment. Dry/instant cereals contributed the highest percentage of recommended nutrient intake (RNI) per serving. This highlights the need for policies to improve the nutritional quality of CPCF in West Africa, including labeling standards and the use of front-of-pack warning signs to promote product reformulation and clearly communicate nutritional quality to caregivers.
Robust l_2-l_∞ Filter Design for Uncertain Discrete-Time State-Delayed Systems

This paper is concerned with the problem of full-order robust l_ 2 - l_ ∞ filtering for uncertain discrete-time systems with a single delay in the state. The uncertain parameters are supposed to belong to a given convex bounded polyhedral domain, entering into all the matrices of the system state-space model. Sufficient conditions are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities for the existence of filters guaranteeing a prescribed energy-to-peak disturbance attenuation level for all possible uncertainties and time delays. And the admissible filter can be found by solving a convex optimization problem with global convergence assured. A numerical example demonstrates the validity of the proposed filter design procedure.
Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Based on Representational Communication for Large-Scale Traffic Signal Control

Traffic signal control (TSC) is a challenging problem within intelligent transportation systems and has been tackled using multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). While centralized approaches are often infeasible for large-scale TSC problems, decentralized approaches provide scalability but introduce new challenges, such as partial observability. Communication plays a critical role in decentralized MARL, as agents must learn to exchange information using messages to better understand the system and achieve effective coordination. Deep MARL has been used to enable inter-agent communication by learning communication protocols in a differentiable manner. However, many deep MARL communication frameworks proposed for TSC allow agents to communicate with all other agents at all times, which can add to the existing noise in the system and degrade overall performance. In this study, we propose a communication-based MARL framework for large-scale TSC. Our framework allows each agent to learn a communication policy that dictates “which” part of the message is sent “to whom”. In essence, our framework enables agents to selectively choose the recipients of their messages and exchange variable length messages with them. This results in a decentralized and flexible communication mechanism in which agents can effectively use the communication channel only when necessary. We designed two networks, a synthetic $4 \times 4$ grid network and a real-world network based on the Pasubio neighborhood in Bologna. Our framework achieved the lowest network congestion compared to related methods, with agents utilizing $\sim 47-65 \%$ of the communication channel. Ablation studies further demonstrated the effectiveness of the communication policies learned within our framework.
Dynamics of Super Quantum Correlations and Quantum Correlations for a System of Three Qubits

The dynamics of quantum discord for two qubits independently interacting with dephasing reservoirs have been studied recently. The authors [Phys. Rev. A 88 (2013) 034304] found that for some Bell-diagonal states (BDS) which interact with their environments the calculation of quantum discord could experience a sudden transition in its dynamics, this phenomenon is known as the sudden change. Here in the present paper, we analyze the dynamics of normal quantum discord and super quantum discord for tripartite Bell-diagonal states independently interacting with dephasing reservoirs. Then, we find that basis change does not necessary mean sudden change of quantum correlations.
Development of the Follow-Up Human 3D Oral Cancer Model in Cancer Treatment

As function preservation cancer therapy, targeted radiation therapies have been developed for the quality of life of cancer patients. However, preclinical animal studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of targeted radiation therapy is challenging from the viewpoints of animal welfare and animal protection, as well as the management of animal in radiation-controlled areas under the regulations. We fabricated the human 3D oral cancer model that considers the time axis of the follow up in cancer treatment. Therefore, in this study, the 3D model with human oral cancer cells and normal oral fibroblasts was treated based on clinical protocol. After cancer treatment, the histological findings of the 3D oral cancer model indicated the clinical correlation between tumor response and surrounding normal tissue. This 3D model has potential as a tool for preclinical studies alternative to animal studies.
Fractal characteristics of porous carbon materials obtained from walnut shells

Abstract The structural features of carbon nanoporous materials (CM) were investigated by the low-temperature porometry method. Thuse, the CM has been obtained by thermal carbonization of plant biomass (walnut shells). The parameters of the CM samples were determined. In particular, the Neimark–Kiselev method was used to calculate the fractal dimension and estimate the surface inhomogeneity of the obtained CM samples by analyzing nitrogen adsorption isotherms. It was determined that, with an increase in the carbonization temperature of the raw material, the surface fractal dimension in the range from 1.68 to 2.56. The mineral composition was determined for СM samples using chemical elemental analysis.
The Influence of Tax Planning, Leverage, Profitability, and Firm Size on Firm Value (Empirical Study of Food and Beverage Sub-Sector Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2019-2021 Period)

The company's goal is to get profits for the survival of the company and maximize firm value. In addition, the company's goal is to increase firm value and optimize wealth for shareholders. If the firm value is high, it can increase the wealth of shareholders. Even the food and beverage industry is defined as a leading manufacturing sector that contributes greatly to the national economy. The purpose of conducting this research is to determine the positive influence of tax planning, leverage, profitability, and firm size on firm value, listed food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing companies that have been listed on the IDX and the number of companies seen from SahamU. The approach used in the following research is the quantitative method and the samples selected using the purposive sampling method. The results of the study show that the third hypothesis (H3) which is accepted, namely profitability, has a positive effect on firm value. While the first hypothesis (H1), second (H2) and fourth (H4) are rejected, because partially tax planning, leverage, and firm size have no effect on firm value.
Genetic Diversity among Rose Rosette Virus Isolates: A Roadmap towards Studies of Gene Function and Pathogenicity

The phylogenetic relationships of ninety-five rose rosette virus (RRV) isolates with full-length genomic sequences were analyzed. These isolates were recovered mostly from commercial roses that are vegetatively propagated rather than grown from seed. First, the genome segments were concatenated, and the maximum likelihood (ML) tree shows that the branches arrange independent of their geographic origination. There were six major groups of isolates, with 54 isolates in group 6 and distributed in two subgroups. An analysis of nucleotide diversity across the concatenated isolates showed lower genetic differences among RNAs encoding the core proteins required for encapsidation than the latter genome segments. Recombination breakpoints were identified near the junctions of several genome segments, suggesting that the genetic exchange of segments contributes to differences among isolates. The ML analysis of individual RNA segments revealed different relationship patterns among isolates, which supports the notion of genome reassortment. We tracked the branch positions of two newly sequenced isolates to highlight how genome segments relate to segments of other isolates. RNA6 has an interesting pattern of single-nucleotide mutations that appear to influence amino acid changes in the protein products derived from ORF6a and ORF6b. The P6a proteins were typically 61 residues, although three isolates encoded P6a proteins truncated to 29 residues, and four proteins extended 76–94 residues. Homologous P5 and P7 proteins appear to be evolving independently. These results suggest greater diversity among RRV isolates than previously recognized.
Intravenous lidocaine bolus for reducing nefopam-induced venous pain: A randomized, intrasubject comparison trial

Background and Aims: Intravenous nefopam reduces postoperative pain and opioid consumption but can cause infusion-related pain. We aimed to investigate whether lidocaine can effectively reduce this pain. Material and Methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled, intrasubject comparison trial included 42 patients (20–60 years) undergoing elective surgery under regional or peripheral anesthesia. In the postanesthesia care unit, two 50 mL syringes containing nefopam (20 mg) diluted in saline (100 mL) were sequentially infused in 15 min into venous catheters in the left and right arms. Patients were randomly assigned to the “left side” or “right side” group based on the arm in which a bolus of 1% lidocaine (2 mL) (study group) was administered before nefopam infusion. Normal saline (2 mL) was administered on the control side. Numerical Rating Scale scores and the incidence of pain (scores > 3) and nausea or vomiting were recorded at 1, 5, 10, and 15 min. Results: The analysis included 42 patients (84 infusions). Compared with the placebo, lidocaine lowered the mean infusion-related pain at 1 (0.07 vs. 2.21, P < 0.001), 5 (2 vs. 4.21, P < 0.001), 10 (2.02 vs. 3.95, P < 0.001), and 15 min (1.62 vs. 3.16, P = 0.003). At 5 min, significantly higher percentages of infusion sites with moderate and higher pain scores (> 3) were observed on the control side (30.95% vs. 14.29%, P = 0.000). Seven patients exhibited nausea or vomiting (16.7%). Conclusion: For the nefopam infusion rate and concentration that we used, a 20 mg lidocaine pretreatment bolus significantly reduces infusion-related pain.
Entrepreneurs’ Social Ties and International Digital Entrepreneurial Marketing in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Internationalization

Digitalization has enabled entrepreneurs to adopt digital tools to create opportunities and reach customers in international markets. Yet, the understanding of international digital entrepreneurial marketing in the global marketplace is limited. Drawing on social network theory, the authors investigate how entrepreneurs’ social ties and firms’ international digital entrepreneurial marketing influence small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) internationalization. Based on multiple case study methodology, the results suggest that entrepreneurs’ bonding and bridging ties facilitate different dimensions of international digital entrepreneurial marketing. That further enhances the intensity and geographic scope of SME internationalization. SME internationalization also reinforces entrepreneurs’ accumulation of social ties. This study contributes to international marketing research by developing the dimensions of the international digital entrepreneurial marketing concept and exploring its important role in SME internationalization.
TRANSLATION AND CROSS-CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF THE ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL-NUTRITIONAL PRIORITIZING TOOL (RFH-NPT).

BACKGROUND Nutritional screening is defined by American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) as a process to identify individuals at risk of malnutrition. Malnutrition is a prevalent condition in cirrhotic patients, and it results in important prognostic implications. Most of the commonly used instruments fail in considering the particularities of cirrhotic patients. The Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT) is a nutritional screening tool developed and validated to identify malnutrition risk in patients with liver disease. OBJECTIVE The study's aim was to conduct the transcultural adaptation (translation and adaptation) of RFH-NPT tool to Portuguese (Brazil). METHODS The process of cultural translation and adaptation followed the Beaton et al. methodology. The process involved the steps of initial translation, synthesis translation, back translation pretest of the final version with 40 nutritionists and a specialists committee. The internal consistency was calculated with the Cronbach coefficient and the content validation was verified with the content validation index. RESULTS Forty clinical nutritionists with experience in treatment of adult patients participated in the step of cross-cultural adaptation. The alpha Cronbach coefficient was 0.84, which means high reliability. In the specialists analyzes all the tool's questions achieved a validation content index higher than 0.8, showing high agreement. CONCLUSION The NFH-NPT tool was translated and adapted to Portuguese (Brazil) and showed high reliability.
Evaluation of ad hoc network protocol: Lar vs DSR in communication of robot using statistical technique

Communications among mobile robots has become a practical proposition. However, in a large system with many mobile robots, it becomes difficult for all robots to exchange information at a time because of their limited communication capacities. In this case, an ad-hoc robot networking scheme is more promising. The Robot of tomorrow will be the effective consequence of the examination work of today. Robotics headway is going on in practically all innovative zones. Controlling and managing of robots and their information communication to each other is an important issue, and wireless technologies without infrastructure like Ad hoc networks due to their quick trigger and costs lightness can play efficiently. Various protocols have been used in this field and in the recent study, two famous Ad hoc network protocols have been simulated for 5 km work areas with changes of the same elements in types of robots like speed, pause time, number of nodes, important parameters that show network optimization rate and include PDR, Throughput, End-To-End Delay by using simulation in GloMoSim software. In this paper, output has been calculated by making the same chance and then, obtained information was investigated statistically using one way ANOVAs. In total, LAR protocol was recognized to be better than DSR and could be used as an optimum protocol in robotic industries.
Role of the MDR Efflux Pump AcrAB in Epithelial Cell Invasion by Shigella flexneri

The tripartite complex AcrAB-TolC is the major RND pump in Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae, including Shigella, the etiological agent of bacillary dysentery. In addition to conferring resistance to many classes of antibiotics, AcrAB plays a role in the pathogenesis and virulence of several bacterial pathogens. Here, we report data demonstrating that AcrAB specifically contributes to Shigella flexneri invasion of epithelial cells. We found that deletion of both acrA and acrB genes causes reduced survival of S. flexneri M90T strain within Caco-2 epithelial cells and prevents cell-to-cell spread of the bacteria. Infections with single deletion mutant strains indicate that both AcrA and AcrB favor the viability of the intracellular bacteria. Finally, we were able to further confirm the requirement of the AcrB transporter activity for intraepithelial survival by using a specific EP inhibitor. Overall, the data from the present study expand the role of the AcrAB pump to an important human pathogen, such as Shigella, and add insights into the mechanism governing the Shigella infection process.
Dynamical Stability and Physical Properties of Fe Dihalide Nanowires

An extensive first‐principles and atomistic Monte Carlo study on isolated Fe X2$\text{X}_2$ ( X$\text{X}$ = F, Cl, Br, I) nanowires is presented. The structural properties of the Fe X2$\text{X}_2$ chains are determined and compared with their bulk structures. The results indicate that in the lowest energy configuration, the wires crystalize in a system that belongs to the space group P42/mmc$P4_2/mmc$ (No. 131, Z = 2, point group D4h9$D_{4h}^9$ ), with antiferromagnetic arrangement. The stability is determined by calculating the phonon frequencies in the whole Brillouin zone within the supercell approach. The relative stability of the periodic chains is also determined by calculating the elastic properties and comparing them with bulk cases. The band structure, the density of states, the magnetic properties, the anisotropy energy, and topological analysis, performed with the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules approach, are also reported and discussed. The results support the idea that these Fe X2$\text{X}_2$ nanowire systems are promising materials for practical applications, like lithium‐ion batteries.
ABCDEG Stress Echocardiography in Aortic Stenosis

Rest and stress echocardiography (SE) plays a pivotal role in the evaluation of valvular heart disease. The use of SE is recommended in valvular heart disease when there is a mismatch between resting transthoracic echocardiography findings and symptoms. In aortic stenosis (AS), rest echocardiographic analysis is a stepwise approach that begins with the evaluation of aortic valve morphology and proceeds to the measurement of the transvalvular aortic gradient and aortic valve area (AVA) using continuity equations or planimetry. The presence of the following three criteria suggests severe AS: AVA < 1.0 cm2, a peak velocity > 4.0 m/s, or a mean gradient > 40 mmHg. However, in approximately one in three cases, we can observe a discordant AVA < 1 cm2 with a peak velocity < 4.0 m/s or a mean gradient <40 mmHg. This is due to reduced transvalvular flow associated with LV systolic dysfunction (LVEF < 50%) defined as “classical” low-flow low-gradient (LFLG) AS or normal LVEF “paradoxical” LFLG AS. SE has an established role in evaluating LV contractile reserve (CR) patients with reduced LVEF. In classical LFLG AS, LV CR distinguished pseudo-severe AS from truly severe AS. Some observational data suggest that long-term prognosis in asymptomatic severe AS may not be as favorable as previously thought, offering a window of opportunity for intervention prior to the onset of symptoms. Therefore, guidelines recommend evaluating asymptomatic AS with exercise stress in physically active patients, particularly those younger than 70 years, and symptomatic classical LFLG severe AS with low-dose dobutamine SE. A comprehensive SE assessment includes evaluating valve function (gradients), the global systolic function of the LV, and pulmonary congestion. This assessment integrates considerations of blood pressure response, chronotropic reserve, and symptoms. StressEcho 2030 is a prospective, large-scale study that employs a comprehensive protocol (ABCDEG) to analyze the clinical and echocardiographic phenotypes of AS, capturing various vulnerability sources which support stress echo-driven treatment strategies.
Potential Biomarkers for Asymptomatic Visceral Leishmaniasis among Iraq-Deployed U.S. Military Personnel

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a chronic infection caused by Leishmania (L.) donovani or L. infantum parasites. Despite having the infection, most individuals never develop the clinical disease and are able to control the parasite and remain asymptomatic. However, some progress to symptomatic VL, leading to death if untreated. The host immune response has a major role in determining the progression and severity of the clinical manifestations in VL; several immune biomarkers of symptomatic VL have been described with interferon-gamma release as a surrogate biomarker of host cellular immunity. However, new biomarkers to identify asymptomatic VL (AVL) are needed for the identification of people at risk for VL activation. In our study, levels of chemokine/cytokine in the supernatants of peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMC) from 35 AVL+ Iraq-deployed participants, stimulated in vitro with soluble Leishmania antigen for 72 h, were assessed by a bead-based assay that allows the measurement of multiple analytes. PBMC of AVL-negative military beneficiaries were used as controls. Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, Monokine Induced by Gamma Interferon and Interleukin-8, were detected at high levels in AVL+ stimulated cultures from Iraq deployers compared to uninfected controls. Measurement of chemokine/cytokine levels can identify cellular immune responses in AVL+ asymptomatic individuals.