Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The genetic ancestry of American Creole cattle inferred from uniparental and autosomal genetic markers

the breeds that influenced them, including African cattle. Overall, we studied a total of 4,658 animals from 114 cattle breeds, including 1,480 Creole from 40 breeds, 1,930 Iberian from 39 breeds, 556 African from 18 breeds, 271 British from 6 breeds, 229 Continental European from 6 breeds, and 192 Indicine from 5 breeds sampled in the Americas. ABI Y-haplogroups found in cattle. Genotyping conditions for one indel (ZFY10), one SNP (UTY19) and five STRs (DDX3Y1, BM861, INRA189, UMN0103 and UMN0307) were as previously described 46,51 . For some animals, the USP9Y marker was also genotyped for haplogroup confirmation following Bonfiglio et al . 52 . (cid:22)(cid:150)(cid:131)(cid:150)(cid:139)(cid:149)(cid:150)(cid:139)(cid:133)(cid:131)(cid:142)(cid:3)(cid:131)(cid:144)(cid:131)(cid:142)(cid:155)(cid:149)(cid:135)(cid:149)(cid:484)(cid:3) Genetic diversity . We estimated genetic diversity parameters for each breed and geographic breed group using mitochondrial DNA, Y chromosome and microsatellite data with GENALEX v6.0 53 . For mitochondrial and Y-chromosome markers, haplotypes were identified and the frequency of each haplogroup was determined, as well as haplotype diversity (H). The total number of mtDNA haplotypes and mtDNA haplotype diversities were estimated for a 700 bp D-loop region, animals/breeds with incomplete sequence data were only used for haplogroup assignment. For microsatellite markers, we estimated the unbiased Nei’s heterozygosity (He), the total number of alleles (Na) and the effective number of alleles (Ne). Detailed information on the breeds included in each analysis can be found in Supplementary Materials (Supplementary Tables S1–S3).
Evaluating models of the ageing BOLD response

Neural activity cannot be directly observed using fMRI; rather it must be inferred from the hemodynamic responses that neural activity causes. Solving this inverse problem is made possible through the use of forward models, which generate predicted hemodynamic responses given hypothesised underlying neural activity. Commonly-used hemodynamic models were developed to explain data from healthy young participants; however studies of ageing and dementia are increasingly shifting the focus towards elderly populations. We evaluated the validity of a range of hemodynamic models across the healthy adult lifespan: from basis sets for the linear convolution models commonly used to analyse fMRI studies, to more advanced models including nonlinear fitting of a parameterised hemodynamic response function (HRF) and nonlinear fitting of a biophysical generative model (hemodynamic modelling, HDM). Using an exceptionally large sample of participants, and a sensorimotor task optimized for detecting the shape of the BOLD response to brief stimulation, we first characterised the effects of age on descriptive features of the response (e.g., peak amplitude and latency). We then compared these to features from more complex nonlinear models, fit to four regions of interest engaged by the task, namely left auditory cortex, bilateral visual cortex, left (contralateral) motor cortex and right (ipsilateral) motor cortex. Finally, we validated the extent to which parameter estimates from these models have predictive validity, in terms of how well they predict age in cross-validated multiple regression. We conclude that age-related differences in the BOLD response can be captured effectively by models with three free parameters. Furthermore, we show that biophysical models like the HDM have predictive validity comparable to more common models, while additionally providing insights into underlying mechanisms, which go beyond descriptive features like peak amplitude or latency, and include estimation of nonlinear effects. Here, the HDM revealed that most of the effects of age on the BOLD response could be explained by an increased rate of vasoactive signal decay and decreased transit rate of blood, rather than changes in neural activity per se. However, in the absence of other types of neural/hemodynamic data, unique interpretation of HDM parameters is difficult from fMRI data alone, and some brain regions in some tasks (e.g, ipsilateral motor cortex) can show responses that are more difficult to capture using current models.
Mid-Level Music Melody Representation of Polyphonic Audio for Query-by-Humming System

Recently a great attention is paid to content-based multimedia retrieval that enables users to find and locate audio-visual materials according to the intrinsic characteristics of the target. Query-by-humming (QBH) is also an application that makes retrieval based on major characteristics of music, that is, "melody". There have been some researches on QBH system, most of which are to retrieve music from symbolic music data by humming query. However, when the usability of technology is taken into consideration, retrieval of music in the form of polyphonic raw audio would be more useful and needed in the applications such as internet music search or music juke box, where the music data is stored not in symbolic form but in raw digital audio signal because such music data is more natural format for consumption. Our focus is on the realization of query-by-humming technology for an easy-to-use application, which entails full automation of all the processes of the system, including melody information extraction from polyphonic raw audio. In our system, melody feature of music database and humming is not represented by distinct note information but by the probability of note occurrence. Similarity is then measured between the melody features of humming and music data using DP matching method. This paper presents developed algorithms and experimental results for key steps of QBH system including the melody feature extraction method from polyphonic audio and humming, their representation for matching, and matching method between represented melody information from polyphonic audio and humming.
A new subspace method for blind estimation of selective MIMO-STBC channels

In this paper, a new technique for the blind estimation of fre quency and/or time-selective multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) channels under space-time block coding (STBC ) transmissions is presented. The proposed method relies on a basis expansion model of the MIMO channel, which r educes the number of parameters to be estimated, and includes many practical STBC-based transmission scena rios, such as STBC-OFDM, space-frequency block coding (SFBC), time-reversal STBC, and time-varying STBC e ncoded systems. Inspired by the unconstrained blind maximum likelihood (UML) decoder, the proposed crite rion is a subspace method that efficiently exploits all the information provided by the STBC structure, as well a s by the reduced-rank representation of the MIMO channel. The method, which is independent of the specific sig nal constellation, is able to blindly recover the MIMO channel within a small number of available blocks at the rece iv r side. In fact, for some particular cases of interest such as orthogonal STBC-OFDM schemes, the proposed techniq ue blindly identifies the channel using just one data block. The complexity of the proposed approach reduces to the solution of a generalized eigenvalue problem (GEV) and its computational cost is linear in the number of su b-channels. An identifiability analysis and some numerical examples illustrating the performance of the pro posed algorithm are also provided. Copyright c © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative Genome-wide Analysis and Expression Pro�ling of Histone Acetyltransferases and Histone Deacetylases Involved in the Response to Drought in Wheat

Background: Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) contribute to plant growth, development, and stress responses. A number of HAT and HDAC genes have been identi�ed in several plants. However, wheat HATs and HDACs have not been comprehensively characterized. In this study, we identi�ed TaHATs and TaHDACs in the wheat genome using bioinformatics tools. Result: In total, 30 TaHAT genes and 53 TaHDAC genes were detected in the wheat genome. As described in other plants, TaHATs were classi�ed into four subfamilies (i.e., GNAT, p300/CBP, MYST, and TAFII250) and TaHDACs were divided into three subfamilies (i.e., RPD3/HDA1, HD2, and SIR2). Phylogenetic and conserved domain analyses showed that TaHATs and TaHDACs are highly similar to those in Arabidopsis and rice; however, divergence and expansion from Arabidopsis and rice were also observed. We detected many stress-related cis-regulatory elements in the promoter regions of these genes (i.e., ABRE, STRE, MYB et al.). Further, based on a comparative expression analyses of three varieties with different degrees of drought resistance under drought stress, we found that TaHAG2, TaHAG3, TaHAC2, TaHDA18, TaHDT1, and TaHDT2 are likely regulate drought stress in wheat. Conclusions: In this study, TaHATs and TaHDACs from the wheat genome were identi�ed. Three TaHATs and three TaHDACs were very likely to regulate drought stress based on a promoter analysis and gene expression analysis. These results provide a foundation for further research on the regulation of acetylation in wheat and its role in the response to drought stress.
The phase of tACS-entrained pre-SMA beta oscillations modulates motor inhibition

Inhibitory control has been linked to beta oscillations in the fronto-basal ganglia network. Here we aim to investigate the functional role of the phase of this oscillatory beta rhythm for successful motor inhibition. We applied 20 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) while presenting stop signals at 4 (Experiment 1) and 8 (Experiment 2) equidistant phases of the tACS entrained beta oscillations. Participants showed better inhibitory performance when stop signals were presented at the trough of the beta oscillation whereas their inhibitory control performance decreased with stop signals being presented at the oscillatory beta peak. These results are consistent with the communication through coherence theory, in which postsynaptic effects are thought to be greater when an input arrives at an optimal phase within the oscillatory cycle of the target neuronal population. The current study provides mechanistic insights into the neural communication principles underlying successful motor inhibition and may have implications for phase-specific interventions aimed at treating inhibitory control disorders such as PD or OCD.
Functional subtypes of rodent melanopsin ganglion cells switch roles between night and day illumination

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), contain the photopigment melanopsin, and influence both image and non-image forming behaviors. Despite being categorized into multiple types (M1-M6), physiological variability within these types suggests our current understanding of ipRGCs is incomplete. We used multi-electrode array (MEA) recordings and unbiased cluster analysis under synaptic blockade to identify 8 functional clusters of ipRGCs, each with distinct photosensitivity and response timing. We used Cre mice to drive the expression of channelrhodopsin in SON-ipRGCs, enabling the localization of distinct ipRGCs in the dorsal retina. Additionally, we conducted a retrospective unbiased cluster analysis of ipRGC photoresponses to light stimuli across scotopic, mesopic, and photopic intensities, aimed at activating both rod and cone inputs to ipRGCs. Our results revealed shared and distinct synaptic inputs to the identified functional clusters, demonstrating that ipRGCs encode visual information with high fidelity at low light intensities, but poorly at photopic light intensities, when melanopsin activation is highest. Collectively, our findings support a framework with at least 8 functional subtypes of ipRGCs, each encoding luminance with distinct spike outputs, highlighting the inherent functional diversity and complexity of ipRGCs and suggesting a reevaluation of their contributions to retinal function and visual perception under varying light conditions.
Loss of NMDA receptor function during development results in decreased KCC2 expression and increased neurons in the zebrafish forebrain

Developmental neurogenesis is a tightly regulated spatiotemporal process with its dysregulation implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders. NMDA receptors are glutamate-gated ion channels that are widely expressed in the early nervous system, yet their contribution to neurogenesis is poorly understood. Notably, a variety of mutations in genes encoding NMDA receptor subunits are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. To rigorously define the role of NMDA receptors in developmental neurogenesis, we used a mutant zebrafish line (grin1-/-) that lacks all NMDA receptors yet survives to 10 days post-fertilization, offering the opportunity to study post-embryonic neurodevelopment in the absence of NMDA receptors. Focusing on the forebrain, we find that these fish have a progressive supernumerary neuron phenotype confined to the telencephalon at the end of embryonic neurogenesis, but which extends to all forebrain regions during postembryonic neurogenesis. This enhanced neuron population does not arise directly from increased numbers or mitotic activity of radial glia cells, the principal neural stem cells. Rather, it stems from a lack of timely maturation of transit-amplifying neuroblasts into post-mitotic neurons, as indicated by a decrease in expression of the ontogenetically-expressed chloride transporter, KCC2. Pharmacological blockade with MK-801 recapitulates the grin1-/- supernumerary neuron phenotype, indicating a requirement for ionotropic signaling. Thus, NMDA receptors are required for suppression of indirect, transit amplifying cell-driven neurogenesis by promoting maturational termination of mitosis. Loss of suppression results in neuronal overpopulation that can fundamentally change brain circuitry and may be a key factor in pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders caused by NMDA receptor dysfunction.
The Role of Family Factors in the Outcomes of Court-Involved Youth

Court-involved youth (CIY) comprise a significant portion of the U.S. population and have a high prevalence of psychiatric illness and substance use. Youth delinquency has also been associated with family variables and parenting practices. However, it is not known which family factors are most relevant to behavioral outcomes in CIY mandated to outpatient mental health treatment. Self-report measures from 163 CIY (M = 15.19 years; 58.3% male) starting psychiatric care in two U.S. cities were utilized in a cross-sectional analysis to examine the association of parental monitoring and family functioning with the severity and variety of delinquent acts. Results demonstrate that, even after controlling for psychiatric symptoms and substance use, parental monitoring is significantly associated with the delinquent behavior of CIY in mental health treatment. Improved understanding of influential family factors can enhance tailoring of existing interventions to ensure that they are relevant to the needs of CIY, especially those in psychiatric treatment.
Assertions and Protocol for the OASIS Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) V2. 0

Time delay valve means are provided in a conduit through which an actuating vacuum signal is supplied to a valve for controlling the recirculation of exhaust gases in an internal combustion engine. The time delay valve means include a pressure responsive vacuum relay valve for opening and closing the conduit in response to an increase in engine intake manifold vacuum to a predetermined level and an orifice for increasing the time required after engine starting for the predetermined level of intake manifold vacuum to be applied to the vacuum relay valve.
Echocardiographic detection of transpulmonary bubble transit during acute respiratory distress syndrome Annals of Intensive Care Sample

Echocardiographic detection of transpulmonary bubble transit during acute respiratory distress syndrome Annals of Intensive Care Sample doi:10.1186/s13613-015-0046-z Florence Boissier (florence.boissier@yahoo.fr) Keyvan Razazi (keyvan.razazi@hmn.aphp.fr) Arnaud W Thille (aw.thille@gmail.com) Ferran Roche-Campo (ferranroche@gmail.com) Rusel Leon (ruselleon@yahoo.com) Emmanuel Vivier (evivier@hotmail.com) Laurent Brochard (BrochardL@smh.ca) Christian Brun-Buisson (christian.brun-buisson@hmn.aphp.fr) Armand Mekontso Dessap (armand.dessap@hmn.aphp.fr) Sample
Tourism and Poverty Reduction: Pathways to Prosperity

1. Introduction 2. The Three Pathways: Understanding How Tourism Affects the Poor 3. The Scale of Flows to the Poor 4. Pathway 1: Direct Effects from Tourism to the Poor 5. Pathway 2: Secondary Benefit Flows from Tourism to the Poor 6. Pathway 3: Dynamic Effects on Macro and Local Economies 7. Impacts of Different Types of Tourism 8. Methods for Assessing the Impacts of Tourism on Poverty 9. A Different Perspective on Tourism and Poverty Index
Criticality of plasma membrane lipids reflects activation state of macrophage cells

Signalling is of particular importance in immune cells, and upstream in the signalling pathway many membrane receptors are functional only as complexes, co-locating with particular lipid species. Work over the last 15 years has shown that plasma membrane lipid composition is close to a critical point of phase separation, with evidence that cells adapt their composition in ways that alter the proximity to this thermodynamical point. Macrophage cells are a key component of the innate immune system, responsive to infections, regulating the local state of inflammation. We investigate changes in the plasma membrane’s proximity to the critical point, as a response to stimulation by various pro- and anti-inflammatory agents. Pro-inflammatory (IFN-γ, Kdo-LipidA, LPS) perturbations induce an increase in the transition temperature of the GMPVs; anti-inflammatory IL4 has the opposite effect. These changes recapitulate complex plasma membrane composition changes, and are consistent with lipid criticality playing a master regulatory role: being closer to critical conditions increases membrane protein activity.
Trends in self-reported use of mammograms (1989-1997) and Papanicolaou tests (1991-1997)--Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

PROBLEM/CONDITION In 1999, an estimated 175,000 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer, and 43,300 will die from the disease. In the same year, an estimated 12,800 women will be diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer, and 4,800 will die from it. Early detection and timely treatment of breast cancer and cervical dysplasia can alter the progress of and reduce mortality from these diseases. REPORTING PERIOD COVERED 1989-1997 for breast cancer screening and 1991-1997 for cervical cancer screening. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System is a state-based telephone survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized adult population (i.e., persons aged > or =18 years). In this report, responses for women aged > or =40 years are included for measures of breast cancer screening, and responses for women aged > or =18 years with an intact uterine cervix are included for measures of cervical cancer screening. RESULTS The percentage of women aged > or =40 years who reported ever participating in breast cancer screening and the proportion who had participated within the previous 2 years increased during 1989-1997. The percentage of women aged > or =18 years who reported ever participating in cervical cancer screening and the proportion who had participated within the previous 2 years were stable during 1991-1997. For both types of screening, substantially fewer women had received screening within the previous 2 years than had ever been screened. INTERPRETATION These findings may indicate that some women who participate in initial screening do not seek further screening. ACTIONS TAKEN Initiatives to encourage women to receive initial screening should continue, but additional initiatives specifically aimed at promoting rescreening should be developed. Continued surveillance of the percentage of women who receive regular screening will help public health officials evaluate breast and cervical cancer prevention programs.
DMSO_A_228954 1..8

1Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; 2School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; 3Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; 4School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; 5Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; 6Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; 7Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; 8School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; 9College of Science, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan Purpose: To assess the relationship between changes in abdominal adipose tissue and
Bioinspired temperature responsive multilayer films and their performance under thermal 1 fatigue 2 3

Bioinspired temperature responsive multilayer films and their performance under thermal 1 fatigue 2 3 N. Athanasopoulos1, N. J. Siakavellas1 4 1University of Patras, Department of Mechanical Engineering & Aeronautics, Patras 26500, Greece 5 nathan@mech.upatras. gr, nikos.athanasop@gmail.com 6 Tel. : +30 6946630065, Fax. : +3
Non-intrusive appliance load monitoring system based on a modern kWh-meter

Non-intrusive appliance load monitoring (NIALM) is a fairly new method to estimate load profiles of individual electric appliances in a small building, like a household, by monitoring the whole load at a single point with one recording device without sub-meters. Appliances have special electrical characteristics, the positive and negative active and reactive power changes during the time they are switched on or off. These changes are called events and are detected with a monitoring device called an event recorder. Different NIALM-concepts developed in Europe and in the United States are generally discussed. The NIALM-concept developed in this study is based on a 3-phase, power quality monitoring kWh-meter and unique load identification algorithms. This modern kWh-meter with a serial data bus to a laptop personal computer is used as the event recorder. The NIALM-concept of this presentation shows for the first time how a kWh-meter can be used at the same time for billing, power quality and appliance end-use monitoring. An essential part of the developed NIALM-system prototype is the software of load identification algorithms which runs in an off-line personal computer. These algorithms are able to identify, with a certain accuracy, both two-state and multi-state appliances. This prototype requires manual-setup in which the naming of appliances is performed. The results of the prototype NIALMS were verified in a large, single family detached house and they were compared to the results of other prototypes in France and the United States, although this comparison is difficult because of different supply systems, appliance stock and number of tested sites. Different applications of NIALM are discussed. Gathering of load research data, verification of DSM-programs, home automation, failure analysis of appliances and security surveillance of buildings are interesting areas of NIALM. Both utilities and customers can benefit from these applications. It is possible to develop an automatic-setup NIALMS for households but it needs a large data base of signatures of different appliances.