Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Collision of the Caribbean Large Igneous Province with the Americas: Earliest evidence from the forearc of Costa Rica

The Cretaceous period was marked by the most voluminous episodes of oceanic plateau volcanism in the Phanerozoic Eon. Primarily affecting the Pacific, mantle plumes generated oceanic plateaus during three main phases (ca. 145–140 Ma, ca. 122–115 Ma, and ca. 100–90 Ma). Central America is one of the very few circum-Pacific margins where remnants of these Cretaceous plateaus were accreted. The study of their onland exposures provides a highly valuable insight into the complexity and diversity of oceanic plateau histories, from their eruption to their accretion. Exposed in northern Costa Rica, the plateau remnants of the Nicoya Peninsula originated from a Jurassic oceanic crust over-thickened by Early and Late Cretaceous hotspots. These sheared-off pieces of the Farallon Plate testify to the early tectonic interaction of the Caribbean Large Igneous Province (CLIP, ca. 94–89 Ma) with North America, initiated <5 m.y. after the onset of CLIP eruption. By combining our results with previously published data, we propose an updated tectono-stratigraphic framework that divides the Nicoya Peninsula into two oceanic plateau terranes. (1) The accretion timing of the Aptian to Turonian Manzanillo Terrane is constrained by the Coniacian (ca. 89–86 Ma) base of the overlapping Loma Chumico Formation. The proximal tuffaceous forearc deposits of the Loma Chumico Formation are the oldest evidence of a volcanic arc in Costa Rica—called here the Berrugate Arc—as revealed by new biostratigraphic and geochemical data. (2) The Nicoya Complex s. str. is a composite plateau remnant containing rocks of Bajocian to earliest Campanian age. Its accretion occurred during the middle Campanian (ca. 79–76 Ma) and shut down the Berrugate Arc. In contrast to the collision of CLIP with North America, onset of the collision of CLIP with South America began much later, during the latest Campanian (ca. 75–73 Ma).
Diferencias de calidad sensorial asociadas al comportamiento climatérico o no climatérico mediante líneas casi isogénicas de melón

Organoleptic traits of sub near-isogenic lines (subNILs) of melon derived from climacteric a near-isogenic line with introgression in linkage group III of the Korean accession PI161375 (SC) in the genetic background of the parental line ´Piel de sapo´ was studied. The objective of this study was to obtain information about the location of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible of overall fruit quality evaluated at harvest by melon consumers. This information allows the development of new varieties in the future by transferring such QTLs to elite cultivars. From the ten lines studied, only line 5M7 showed a nonclimacteric behavior and showed no significant differences with PS according to a triangular test. Overall, taste and overall quality of the fruit were highly correlated. The lines had higher aroma scores than PS, but lower texture, taste and overall quality scores, which was related to the different aroma profile of the NILs compared with the traditional PS, and to the softening induced by the climacteric behavior. The NILs with most pronounced climacteric behavior were clearly best scored by the consumers according to the preference tests. Particularly line SC3-5 had the best scores and differed from PS by its yellow to orange flesh, and a juicy, aromatic and sweet flesh. Discriminant analysis of the sensory traits analyzed was able to discriminate climacteric from non-climacteric lines. From this medium-resolution mapping it is concluded the presence of at least one QTL responsible of the absence or presence of the climacteric behavior. This QTL affected the sensory traits perceived by melon consumers.
A Case of Successful Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Severely Underweight Patient with Aplastic Anemia

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSTC) is considered definitive and the most effective treatment for young patients diagnosed with severe aplastic anemia. Low body mass index (BMI) is known to be associated with poorer outcomes in stem cell transplantation and higher mortality risks. Malnutrition negatively affects the patient's ability to mobilize stem cells, therefore reducing patients' stem cell production, although the patient's nutritional status improvement with enteral and parenteral nutrition may reduce the risks of stem cell graft failure and graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) occurrence. The present report demonstrates a severely underweight patient with aplastic anemia and a BMI of 11 kg/m2 who was unsuccessfully treated with immunosuppressive therapy followed by alloHSTC.
Invasive species and the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation: how close has Brazil come to achieving Target 10?

Abstract Target 10 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation establishes that "Effective management plans are in place to prevent new biological invasions and to manage important areas for plant diversity that are invaded" by 2020. The rationale for the target is that invasive alien species are a major threat to native plants, and thus should be excluded from areas reserved for the conservation of plant species, especially when endemic and/or threatened. In Brazil, although most management plans report the presence of invasive alien species and the need for management in federal protected areas, there are only a very limited number of management plans implemented. The national strategy on invasive alien species, published as CONABIO Resolution 05/2009, has not been implemented, so progress on policies and legislation focused on invasive alien species at the federal level has been slow. In order to reach an effective development of public policies in Brazil, federal environmental agencies must function as focal points and be in charge of coordinating actions aimed at (1) identifying priority areas for preventing and managing biological invasions, and (2) managing invasive alien species and reduce their impacts.
Political Institutions and Policy Outcomes : What are the Stylized Facts ? ∗

We investigate the effect of electoral rules and political regimes on fiscal policy outcomes in a sample of democracies, exploiting both cross country and time series variation in the data. Presidential regimes lead to smaller governments, while majoritarian elections lead to smaller governments and smaller welfare programs. Different constitutions are also associated with different spending patterns over time and different cyclical response to income shocks. Some of these empirical regularities are in line with recent theoretical work; others still await a theoretical explanation. ∗We are grateful for useful comments from Alberto Alesina, Tim Besley, Per-Anders Edin, Felix Oberholzer-Gee, David Strömberg, Jakob Svensson, two anonymous referees and participants in several seminars and conferences. We would also like to thank Christina Lönnblad for editorial assistance and Gani Aldashev, Alessia Amighini, Alessandra Bonfiglioli, Agostino Cosnolo, Thomas Eisensee, Giovanni Favara, Alessandro Riboni, Davide Sala and Francesco Trebbi for research assistance at various stages of the project. This research is supported by a TMR-grant from the European Commission, and by grants from Bocconi University, MURST, and the Swedish Research Council. †IIES, Stockholm University; London School of Economics; CEPR; NBER. ‡IGIER, Bocconi University; CEPR; Ces-Ifo.
Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Atropine on Myopia Prevention in Premyopic Children: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Early-onset myopia increases the risk of irreversible high myopia. Methods: This study systematically evaluated the efficacy and safety of low-dose atropine for myopia control in children with premyopia through meta-analysis using random-effects models. Effect sizes were calculated using risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Comprehensive searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov were conducted until 20 December 2023, without language restrictions. Results: Four studies involving 644 children with premyopia aged 4–12 years were identified, with atropine concentrations ranging from 0.01% to 0.05%. The analysis focused on myopia incidence and atropine-related adverse events. Lower myopia incidence (RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40–0.97 D/y; p = 0.03) and reduction in rapid myopia shift (≥0.5 D/1y) (RR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.26–0.96 D/y; p < 0.01) were observed in the 12–24-month period. Spherical equivalent and axial length exhibited attenuated progression in the atropine group. No major adverse events were detected in either group, whereas the incidence of photophobia and allergic conjunctivitis did not vary in the 12–24-month period. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis supports atropine’s efficacy and safety for delaying myopia incidence and controlling progression in children with premyopia. However, further investigation is warranted due to limited studies.
The diversity of well-being indicators: a latent profile analysis

Introduction Research on the dimensional structure of subjective well-being (SWB) suggests a five-dimensional solution, consisting of the three established dimensions of life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect, and two additional empirically supported dimensions: domain satisfaction and happiness. While these dimensions can be aggregated into a superordinate SWB construct, little research has explored how these dimensions differ in their variation across subpopulations of individuals. Methods The present study addresses this gap via secondary analysis of a sample of 1,487 partnered individuals, using the five dimensions of SWB as indicators for latent profile analysis. Results Analyses returned five profiles, which we labeled Satisfied, Ambivalent, Indifferent, Dissatisfied, and Very Dissatisfied. In the Ambivalent and Indifferent profiles, the dimensions of negative affect and happiness exhibit discrepant behavior, resulting in shape differences. The five profiles are organized with reference to the external criterion of couple satisfaction. At the theoretical level, the results of the present study have the potential to inform current debates about the structure of well-being. Discussion These findings suggest that, while SWB can usually be measured as a unidimensional construct, there is still merit to using multidimensional approaches and alternative forms of measurement—such as LPA—that capture complexities normally absent from unidimensional treatments. At the practical level, the results of the current study have the potential to inform well-being interventions (both clinical and otherwise), suggesting that those dealing with well-being in real life situations should pause before concluding that the absence of negativity implies the presence of positivity, or vice versa.
The application of a Late Burdigalian -Early Langhian Highstand Event in correlating complex Tertiary orogenic carbonate successions within the Central Mediterranean

Utilisation d'un Haut-Niveau Marin du Burdigalien superieur-Langhien inferieur pour correler des successions carbonatees cenozoiques en contexte orogenique, en Mediterranee centrale. Les rampes carbonatees tertiaires du SE de la Sicile contiennent un remarquable niveau durci, phosphate, dans les rampes externes autour des villes de Donnalucata et Sampieri. Dans les autres secteurs les phosphorites apparaissent seulement en grains allochtones associees lateralement a des packstones et des grainstones a stratifications obliques et structures de tempetes. Les phosphorites sont contenues dans un ensemble tabulaire de wackestones de milieu pelagique. Le banc situe au dessous est date du Burdigalien terminal alors que le banc du dessus contient un assemblage de Foraminiferes planctoniques du Burdigalien terminal-Langhien inferieur. Cet exemple d'evenement eustatique et bien d'autres marques sur le plateau ibleen par des onlaps illustrent un signal eustatique global tant en mer profonde qu'en domaine littoral de plate-forme stable. A une plus grande echelle, les evenements eustatiques, peuvent influencer la sedimentation marine meme dans les legions a tectonique active. C'est le cas des calcarenites de Floresta dans les Monts Peloritains au NE de la Sicile. Le meme evenement eustatique est egalement reconnu dans le Sud des Apennines sur la bordure calabro-lucanienne et dans le Nord des Apennines. Nous interpretons tous ces evenements en terme de offlap-onlap en relation avec l'evenement eustatique mondial TE 2.3 (HAQ et al., 1987 ; HAQ 1991) nouvellement reconnu en Mediterranee. La reconnaissance de cet evenement offlap-onlap un peu partout en Mediterranee en fait un outil performant non seulement pour la comprehension lithostratigraphique des regions a tectonique complexe mais aussi pour le calibrage des evenements tectoniques.
FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), formerly called Pick's disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the frontal and anterior temporal lobes. In 1998, consensus criteria for FTLD defined three clinical syndromes, all hypothesized to be linked by underlying similarities in neuropathology. These include frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (also called the frontal variant of FTD), semantic dementia (also called the temporal variant of FTD), and nonfluent aphasia. Despite some overlap in regional atrophy with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the distinctive anatomic patterns of neurodegeneration seen with the three major FTLD subtypes allow their separation from most patients with AD and from each other based upon clinical features and neuroimaging patterns. The neuropathology associated with FTLD is distinctive from AD and does not involve aggregation of Aβ-42. This chapter will provide an overview of the diagnostic, pathologic, genetic, imaging, and treatment advances in the recent literature concerning FTLD. Case studies will be used to illustrate the main findings and to provide clinicians with a sense of the varied presentations of the disease. Continuum Lifelong Learning Neurol 2007;13(2):87-108.
The Impact of Early Genes and Gene Editing Technology Associated with Clustered Repeats on the Development of Human Body Organs

Early growth response 1 (EGR-1) and homeobox (Hox) proteins play crucial roles in regulating genes within the body, promoting cell renewal, and expediting the wound healing process. Conversely, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Re-peats/Associated (CRISPR-Cas) technology is primarily involved in gene editing. However, significant gaps persist in understanding the mechanisms of key genes like EGR-1, CRISPR/Cas, and HOX genes in organ development. Unveiling their mechanisms is crucial for advancing organ development and discovering new therapeutic strategies. This study aims to investigate the roles of EGR-1, CRISPR/Cas, and HOX genes in organ development and growth. The study used CRISPR/Cas to investigate the impact of catalase mutations on organ regeneration. Early embryonic mutants were generated by injecting gRNAs and Cas9 protein into zygotes, followed by tail amputation in larvae. Additionally, the study explored the role of specific Hox genes in axon elongation and Wnt signaling regulation. EGR-1, induced by TGF-β1, enhanced collagen production, underscoring its importance in wound healing. Integration of EGR-1, HOX proteins, and CRISPR-Cas revealed a regulatory complex influencing organ development. The integration of EGR-1, HOX proteins, and CRISPR-Cas revealed a regulatory complex. EGR-1 aids wound healing, HOX proteins influence fetal development and organ formation, and CRISPR-Cas enables precise genome modifications.
Naslavljanje DNA-pomnilnikov

Potrebe po cenovno učinkovitih pomnilnih medijih za dolgotrajno arhiviranje podatkov so povzročile razvoj nekonvencionalnih platform, med katere sodi tudi trajno pomnjenje podatkov v DNA.Z vsakim novim medijem pa se pojavijo tudi novi problemi.Zaradi drugačnih lastnosti bioloških sistemov se v komunikacijskem sistemu DNA pojavljajo drugačni tipi napak, kot smo jih vajeni iz digitalnih sistemov, prav tako se razlikuje tudi njihova porazdelitev in pogostost. Da bi težave ustrezno naslovili, je potrebno razviti ustrezne (nove) kode za odkrivanje in odpravljanje napak.V članku spoznamo kode brez prekritij, ki se uporabljajo za dostop do podatkov v DNA-pomnilnikih, in opišemo pristop, s katerim lahko konstruiramo velik naslovni prostor biološkega pomnilnika.
Complex Habitat Deconstruction and Low-Altitude Remote Sensing Recognition of Tobacco Cultivation on Karst Mountainous

Rapidly and accurately extracting tobacco plant information can facilitate tobacco planting management, precise fertilization, and yield prediction. In the karst mountainous of southern China, tobacco plant identification is affected by large ground undulations, fragmented planting areas, complex and diverse habitats, and uneven plant growth. This study took a tobacco planting area in Guizhou Province as the research object and used DJI UAVs to collect UAV visible light images. Considering plot fragmentation, plant size, presence of weeds, and shadow masking, this area was classified into eight habitats. The U-Net model was trained using different habitat datasets. The results show that (1) the overall precision, recall, F1-score, and Intersection over Union (IOU) of tobacco plant information extraction were 0.68, 0.85, 0.75, and 0.60, respectively. (2) The precision was the highest for the subsurface-fragmented and weed-free habitat and the lowest for the smooth-tectonics and weed-infested habitat. (3) The weed-infested habitat with smaller tobacco plants can blur images, reducing the plant-identification accuracy. This study verified the feasibility of the U-Net model for tobacco single-plant identification in complex habitats. Decomposing complex habitats to establish the sample set method is a new attempt to improve crop identification in complex habitats in karst mountainous areas.
The Role of Ki-67 in HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer: A Real-World Study of 956 Patients

Objective This study determined the cut-off value of Ki-67 expression and discussed the interaction between Ki-67 and histological grade, further explored the prognostic role of Ki-67 in hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer;. Materials and Methods We assessed the Ki-67 expression of 956 patients with HR+/HER2 breast cancer diagnosed in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from 2015 to 2019 by immunohistochemistry (IHC), The disease-free survival (DFS) was defined as the time from postoperative to the first local recurrence, distant metastasis or death of the disease. The follow-up by means of inpatient or outpatient medical records and telephone. Results 22.5% was used as the cut-off for low/high Ki-67 expression in HR+/HER2- breast cancer. Compared with the value of 14%, which is commonly used in clinic at present, the consistency of the two values is moderate (Kappa = 0.484, P<0.001). The expression of Ki-67 was increased with the grade. (Median: G1:10%; G2:20%; G3:40%. Mean: G1:13%; G2:23%; G3:39%, P <0.001). Survival analysis was based on all patients for a median of 51 months (24–89 months), 63 cases had recurrence or metastasis during the follow-up, which 21 cases had low expression of Ki-67 and 42 cases had high expression. The patients with Ki-67 ≥ 22.5% had a 2.969 higher risk of early recurrence and metastasis than the patients with Ki-67 < 22.5%. There were 4 cases of local recurrence, 7 cases of regional lymph node metastasis, and 52 cases of distant metastasis in all patients, the common distant metastases were bone, liver, and lung, and rare metastases were adrenal gland, bone marrow, and pericardium. Conclusion In HR+/HER2- breast cancer, patients with Ki-67 > 22.5% have a worse prognosis and are more likely to have early recurrence and metastasis.
The Law of the Wall and von Kármán Constant: An Ongoing Controversial Debate

The discovery of the law of the wall, the log-law including the von Kármán constant, is seen to be one of the biggest accomplishments of fluid mechanics. However, after more than ninety years, there is still a controversial debate about the validity and universality of the law of the wall. In particular, evidence in favor of a universal log-law was recently questioned by data analyses of the majority of existing direct numerical simulation (DNS) and experimental results, arguing in favor of nonuniversality of the law of the wall. Future progress requires it to resolve this discrepancy: in absence of alternatives, a reliable and universal theory involving the law of the wall is needed to provide essential guideline for the validation of theory, computational methods, and experimental studies of very high Reynolds number flows. This paper presents an analysis of concepts used to derive controversial conclusions. Similar to the analysis of observed variations of the Kolmogorov constant, it is shown that nonuniversality is a consequence of simplified modeling concepts, leading to unrealizable models. Realizability implies universality: there is no need to adjust simplified models to different flows.
Potential Immunohistochemical Biomarkers for Grading Oral Dysplasia: A Literature Review

Oral cancer is a prevalent global health issue, with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Despite available preventive measures, it remains one of the most common cancers, emphasising the need for improved diagnostic and prognostic tools. This review focuses on oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), precursors to oral cancer, specifically emphasising oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). The World Health Organisation (WHO) provides a three-tier grading system for OED, and recent updates have expanded the criteria to enhance diagnostic precision. In the prognostic evaluation of OED, histological grading is presently regarded as the gold standard; however, its subjectivity and unreliability in anticipating malignant transformation or recurrence pose notable limitations. The primary objective is to investigate whether specific immunohistochemical biomarkers can enhance OED grading assessment according to the WHO classification. Biomarkers exhibit significant potential for comprehensive cancer risk evaluation, early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment optimisation. Technological advancements, including sequencing and nanotechnology, have expanded detection capabilities. Some analysed biomarkers are most frequently chosen, such as p53, Ki-67, cadherins/catenins, and other proteins used to differentiate OED grades. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings and discover new potential biomarkers for precise dysplasia grading and minimally invasive assessment of the risk of malignant transformation.