Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ASTRONOMICAL TESTS OF THE COLD DARK MATTER SCENARIO

An analysis of theories for the origin of large-scale cosmic structure by Peebles & Silk ( 1 988) opened with the question, "Will our feeble minds ever comprehend the evolution of the Universe? " A good question. It would be easy to be pessimistic about this matter. When we understand a phenomenon well, we can make testable predictions. We are confident that we understand the solar system, in good part because we can predict eclipses and cometary apparitions. But our record of predicting what new studies of large-scale structure will find has been abysmal. In addition, the theories have seemed, to "outsiders" not working actively in the field, fantastic in the extreme, highly dependent on physics for which there was no laboratory evidence and often seemingly at odds with existing astronomical knowledge. But I believe that there are strong grounds for optimism as well. First, increasingly, the theories proposed are falsifiable in the classic Popperian sense: They make definite predictions which, if tested and found wanting, provide evidence against the theory. Second, the range and depth of obser­ vational constraints are growing rapidly. The standards by which theories may, in principle, be measured grow stricter by the day. Three examples of new observational constraints come to mind: First, fluctuations in the CBR (Cosmic Background Radiation) have now been reliably detected on the 1 0° angular scale by the COBE satellite, thus normalizing all theories on that scale (Smoot et al 1 992); second, from spectral information, CO BE has set strict limits on the mean Sunyaev-Zeldovich y parameter of the
Generalized additive models for location, scale and shape for high dimensional data—a flexible approach based on boosting

Summary. Generalized additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSSs) are a popular semiparametric modelling approach that, in contrast with conventional generalized additive models, regress not only the expected mean but also every distribution parameter (e.g. location, scale and shape) to a set of covariates. Current fitting procedures for GAMLSSs are infeasible for high dimensional data set‐ups and require variable selection based on (potentially problematic) information criteria. The present work describes a boosting algorithm for high dimensional GAMLSSs that was developed to overcome these limitations. Specifically, the new algorithm was designed to allow the simultaneous estimation of predictor effects and variable selection. The algorithm proposed was applied to Munich rental guide data, which are used by landlords and tenants as a reference for the average rent of a flat depending on its characteristics and spatial features. The net rent predictions that resulted from the high dimensional GAMLSSs were found to be highly competitive and covariate‐specific prediction intervals showed a major improvement over classical generalized additive models.
Association Rule Data Mining Applications for Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Intensity Changes

AbstractThis study applies a data mining technique called association rule mining to the analysis of intensity changes of North Atlantic tropical cyclones (TCs). The “best track” data from the National Hurricane Center and the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme databases were stratified into tropical depressions, tropical storms, and category 1–5 hurricanes based on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale. After stratification, the seven resulting groups of TCs plus two additional aggregation groups were further separated into intensifying, weakening, and stable TCs. The analysis of the stratified data for preprocessing revealed that faster northward storm motion (the meridional component of storm motion) favors tropical storm intensification but does not favor the intensification of hurricanes. Intensifying tropical storms are more strongly associated with a higher convergence in the upper atmosphere (200-hPa relative eddy momentum flux convergence) than weakening tropical storms, while intensi.
A Method for Solving Traveling-Salesman Problems

The traveling-salesman problem is a generalized form of the simple problem to find the smallest closed loop that connects a number of points in a plane. Efforts in the past to find an efficient method for solving it have met with only partial success. The present paper describes a method of solution that has the following properties ( a ) It is applicable to both symmetric and asymmetric problems with random elements ( b ) It does not use subjective decisions, so that it can be completely mechanized ( c ) It is appreciably faster than any other method proposed ( d ) It can be terminated at any point where the solution obtained so far is deemed sufficiently accurate.
Entanglement evolution of three-qubit mixed states in multipartite cavity—reservoir systems

We analyze the multipartite entanglement evolution of three-qubit mixed states composed of a GHZ state and a W state. For a composite system consisting of three cavities interacting with independent reservoirs, it is shown that the entanglement evolution is restricted by a set of monogamy relations. Furthermore, as quantified by the negativity, the entanglement dynamical property of the mixed entangled state of cavity photons is investigated. It is found that the three cavity photons can exhibit the phenomenon of entanglement sudden death (ESD). However, compared with the evolution of a generalized three-qubit GHZ state which has the equal initial entanglement, the ESD time of mixed states is later than that of the pure state. Finally, we discuss the entanglement distribution in the multipartite system, and point out the intrinsic relation between the ESD of cavity photons and the entanglement sudden birth of reservoirs.
Aerodynamic Characteristics of Underexpanded Coaxial Impinging Jets

Flow behavior of underexpanded coaxial impinging jets is investigated experimentally and simulated numerically by solving compressible Navier-Stokes equations. Two converging coaxial nozzles, one with outer annular jet parallel to an inner circular one, and the other with inclined annular jet, are fabricated and tested. The flow visualization using the shadowgraph method, the pressure measurements at the impinged surface and the numerical simulation show that the presence of the outer annular jet has favorable effects for reducing the diameter of the Mach shock disk which is formed in the inner jet. However, the maximum pressure on the impinged flat plate obtained in the present study is lower than that produced previously by a simple annular jet, showing that the simple annular jet can be more favorable for laser cutting.
Acne Vulgaris Relapse in Sudanese Patients Treated with Oral Isotretinoin: Rate and Predictive Factors

Purpose Acne vulgaris is a skin disorder primarily affecting teenagers and young adults. Acne relapse is the main drawback of oral isotretinoin (OI), which is the golden therapy for severe acne. This study aimed to assess the rate and predictive factors of acne relapse among Sudanese patients using OI. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in a dermatology and venereology clinic-Sudan, using a self-administered questionnaire and data collection sheet. Patients using OI for acne treatment were enrolled in the study. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the association between variables. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results 225 acne patients (mean age: 26.0±4.2 years, females: 88.9%) were included in this study. OI daily dose ranged from 0.25 to 1 mg/kg/day, with frequent daily doses of 40–49 mg (57.3%) over 3–6 months (81.8%). Around one-third of patients (36%) received maintenance therapy after completion of OI course. At a 2-year follow-up, approximately 36% of patients experienced acne relapse that commonly occurred within 6–18 months after the last OI therapy. Early discontinuation of OI was a positive predictor of acne relapse which was 3.99 times greater in patients who had early discontinued OI than those completing the planned OI course (OR=3.99; p=0.002). OI cumulative doses of 120–139 mg/kg and 140–159 mg/kg were negative predictors of acne relapse (OR=0.23; p=0.001 and OR=0.15; p=0.02, respectively). Most patients (94.2%) received prescription OI, and 76.4% of women were advised to use contraceptives. About 69% of patients practiced skin care. Conclusion About one-third of patients experienced acne relapse. Early discontinuation and low cumulative doses of OI are the main risk factors for acne relapse. Long-term therapy of OI, with cumulative doses of 120–159 mg/kg, would be beneficial to reduce acne relapse.
Fluid models for QoS provisioning in communication networks

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Influence of High-Intensity Interval Training on IGF-1 Response, Brain Executive Function, Physical Fitness and Quality of Life in Sedentary Young University Women—Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Sedentary lifestyles have become a social problem, mainly among women. A sedentary lifestyle has been associated with poorer health in this population, negatively affecting physical and mental health. Physical exercise, in particular high-intensity interval training (HIIT), has been shown to be a neuroprotective tool. The present study provides a protocol design for a parallel-group Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), whose aim will be to compare the effect of two physical interventions, HIIT and physical activity (increasing daily steps), on Insulin Growth Factor-1 (saliva IGF-1 concentrations), executive functions, quality of life, body composition, physical fitness, and physical activity in young sedentary women. At least 77 women will be recruited and randomly assigned to either a HIIT group (12-week exercise HIIT intervention, 3 sessions/week), the HIIT + PA group (12-week exercise HIIT intervention, 3 sessions/week, plus 10,000 steps/day), or a control group (usual care). The primary outcome measure will the chronic change in IGF-1 concentration levels measured in saliva. Secondary outcome measures will be: (i) executive functions; (ii) body composition; (iii) physical fitness; (iv) physical activity; and (v) quality of life. All outcomes will be assessed at the beginning of the study, after the intervention, and after three months of follow-up. After this intervention, we will be able to determine whether HIIT together with increased physical activity could be more effective than HIIT alone in IGF-1 stimulation. Furthermore, by comparing both intervention groups, we will be able to determine the differential effects on numerous health-related variables. Consequently, the conclusions of this study could help better understand the effects of a training program on IGF-1 concentration levels and executive functions. In addition, various strategies could be proposed through physical exercise to improve cognition in this age group, as well as to improve the health status of this sedentary population.
Diverse Repertoire and Relationship of Exopolysaccharide Genes in Cold-Adapted Acinetobacter sp. CUI-P1 Revealed by Comparative Genome Analysis

This study focused on the exploration of microbial communities inhabiting extreme cold environments, such as the Passu and Pisan glaciers of Pakistan, and their potential utilization in industrial applications. Among the 25 initially screened strains, five were found to be suitable candidates for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, with strain CUI-P1 displaying the highest yield of 7230.5 mg/L compared to the other four strains. The purified EPS from CUI-P1 was tested for its ability to protect probiotic bacteria and E. coli expressing green fluorescence protein (HriGFP) against extreme cold temperatures, and it exhibited excellent cryoprotectant and emulsification activity, highlighting its potential use in the biotechnological industry. Furthermore, the genome of Acinetobacter sp. , CUI-P1 comprised 199 contigs, with a genome size of 10,493,143bp and a G + C content of 42%, and showed 98.197% nucleotide identity to the type genome of Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978. These findings offer promising avenues for the application of EPS as a cryoprotectant, an essential tool in modern biotechnology.
Finite element implementation of virtual work principle for magnetic or electric force and torque computation

In a recent paper [1], we described a methodology for the numerical evaluation of global magnetic or electric force and torque acting on a movable part of an electromagnetic device. The method is based on application of virtual work principle. Force and torque are obtained as the derivatives of the energy versus the displacement of the moving part. The paper [1] was essentially theoritical. In the present paper, we give more practical informations about the implementation of the method in a finite element context and illustrate it by a 3D application.
Multi‐Criteria Ratios: What is the Unit?

When Analytic Hierarchy Process ratios are normalized to sum to unity, the unit of measure becomes obscure. This paper investigates this obscurity and whether ratio measurement is possible when there is no prior knowledge of the measurement unit. Initially, we look at ratio scales of tangible attributes of objects with well-known measures. Then, ratio scales of unknown intangible attributes of objects are analysed. We discover that natural zero and a specific unit of measure are not necessarily used explicitly in deriving ratio scale measures. Nevertheless, the derived scale does have a derived unit of measurement. We conclude that although composite multi-criteria answers are possible in ratio form, it is important to know that a unit of measure exists if ambiguities are to be avoided. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlation between Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Polyphenol-Laden Xanthan Gum/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Composite Cryogels

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the synthesis parameters and the incorporation of natural polyphenolic extract within hydrogel networks on the mechanical and morphological properties of physically cross-linked xanthan gum/poly(vinyl alcohol) (XG/PVA) composite hydrogels prepared by multiple cryo-structuration steps. In this context, the toughness, compressive strength, and viscoelasticity of polyphenol-loaded XG/PVA composite hydrogels in comparison with those of the neat polymer networks were investigated by uniaxial compression tests and steady and oscillatory measurements under small deformation conditions. The swelling behavior, the contact angle values, and the morphological features revealed by SEM and AFM analyses were well correlated with the uniaxial compression and rheological results. The compressive tests revealed an enhancement of the network rigidity by increasing the number of cryogenic cycles. On the other hand, tough and flexible polyphenol-loaded composite films were obtained for a weight ratio between XG and PVA of 1:1 and 10 v/v% polyphenol. The gel behavior was confirmed for all composite hydrogels, as the elastic modulus (G′) was significantly greater than the viscous modulus (G″) for the entire frequency range.
Portfolio methods in uncertain contexts

This manuscript concentrates in studying methods to handle the noise, including using resampling methods to improve the convergence rates and applying portfolio methods to cases with uncertainties (games, and noisy optimization in continuous domains). Part I will introduce the manuscript, then review the state of the art in noisy optimization, portfolio algorithm, multi-armed bandit algorithms and games.Part II concentrates on the work on noisy optimization:∙ Chapter 4 provides a generic algorithm for noisy optimization recovering most of the existing bounds in one single noisy optimization algorithm. ∙ Chapter5 applies different resampling rules in evolution strategies for noisy optimization, without the assumption of variance vanishing in the neighborhood of the optimum, and shows mathematically log-log convergence results and studies experimentally the slope of this convergence. ∙ Chapter 6 compares resampling rules used in the differential evolution algorithm for strongly noisy optimization. By mathematical analysis, a new rule is designed for choosing the number of resamplings, as a function of the dimension, and validate its efficiency compared to existing heuristics - though there is no clear improvement over other empirically derived rules. ∙ Chapter 7 applies “common random numbers”, also known as pairing, to an intermediate case between black-box and white-box cases for improving the convergence.Part III is devoted to portfolio in adversarial problems:∙ Nash equilibria are cases in which combining pure strategies is necessary for designing optimal strategies. Two chapters are dedicated to the computation of Nash equilibria:– Chapter 9 investigates combinations of pure strategies, when a small set of pure strategies is concerned; basically, we get improved rates when the support of the Nash equilibrium is small. – Chapter 10 applies these results to a power system problem. This compares several bandit algorithms for Nash equilibria, defines parameter-free bandit algorithms, and shows the relevance of the sparsity approach dis- cussed in Chapter 9. ∙ Then, two chapters are dedicated to portfolios of game methods:– Chapter 11 shows how to generate multiple policies, from a single one, when only one such policy is available. This kind of bootstrap (based on random seeds) generates many deterministic policies, and then combines them into one better policy. This has been tested on several games. – Chapter 12 extends chapter 11 by combining policies in a position-specific manner. In particular, we get a better asymptotic behavior than MCTS.Part IV is devoted to portfolios in noisy optimization:∙ Chapter 14 is devoted to portfolio of noisy optimization methods in continuous domains;∙ Chapter 15 proposed differential evolution as a tool for non- stationary bandit problems.
Management of Non-Culprit Lesions in STEMI Patients with Multivessel Disease

Multivessel disease is observed in approximately 50% of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Data from randomized clinical trials has shown that complete revascularization in the STEMI setting improves clinical outcomes by reducing the risk of reinfarction and urgent revascularization. However, the timing and modality of revascularization of non-culprit lesions are still debated. PCI of non-culprit lesions can be performed during the index primary PCI or as a staged procedure and can be guided by angiography, functional assessment, or intracoronary imaging. In this review, we summarize the available evidence about the management of non-culprit lesions in STEMI patients with or without cardiogenic shock.
Spectroscopic observations of Nova Cygni 1975: The coronal line region revisited

A synopsis of the McDonald Observatory spectrophotometric observations of Nova Cyg 1975 (V1500 Cyg) is presented. We present these data in a form in which they can be readily accessed in the future, and also study the continous spectrum during the early nebular phase. We show that (1) the remnant probably maintained a luminosity at or above the Eddington limit for at least a year after outburst, (2) free-free emission from the coronal line region made a significant contribution to the optical continuum, and (3) the coronal line region was probably a significant source of ionizing radiation. The energetics of this nova appear to be dominated by the lift-off energy from the white dwarf and radiation from the coronal line region. Thus the light curve of Nova Cyg may tell more about the cooling of the coronal line region than about the decline of the central object. In appendices we discuss the argon abundance of Nova Cyg (less than 8 times solar) and describe how to obtain copies of the McDonald nova data.
Polynomial algorithm for min-cost delay-constrained multicasting routing problem in networks

We propose a novel polynomial algorithm for constructing a min-cost communication tree to connect the subset of network nodes which forms the multicast group of destinations in such way that the delays along each path from the source vertex to the sinks do not exceed the given delay bounds. From the mathematical point of view this is a Steiner tree problem with restrictions on the lengths of the paths from the root to destinations.
Temperature-dependent structural characterization of silicon <110> nanowires

For high speed and performance field effect transistor with high carrier mobility, vertically aligned Si <110> nanowires is demonstrated by chemical vapor deposition via a vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism. We found that the orientation of NWs was changed from <111> direction to <110> direction on a Si (110) substrate with increasing the growth temperature above ~ 610°C by changing Au-Si eutectic phase. These vertically aligned <110> oriented SiNWs with significantly high carrier mobility opens up new opportunities for high speed and performance future electronic device applications.
Effective Fermion Masses of Order gT in High Temperature Gauge Theories with Exact Chiral Invariance

It is shown that, at finite temperature, chiral invariance does not imply that fermion propagators have poles at K/sup 2/ = 0. Instead, a zero-momentum fermion has energy K/sup 0/ = M, where M/sup 2/ = g/sup 2/C(R)T/sup 2//8 and C(R) is the quadratic Casimir of the fermion representation. The dispersion relation for Knot =0 is computed and can be crudely approximated (to within 10%) by K/sup 0/roughly-equal(M/sup 2/+K /sup 2/)/sup 1/2/. Applications to high-temperature QCD, SU(2) x U(1), and grand unified theories are discussed.
Bias Correction for Covariance Parameters Estimates in Polarimetric SAR Data Models

This paper obtains an expression for the second-order bias of the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters in the covariance matrix of the polarimetric SAR observation vectors, which are assumed to follow a complex normal distribution. The second- order biases are very simple functions of the parameters, and, consequently, the second-order bias corrected estimates are very easy to compute. In particular, we discuss the performance of the corrected estimate of the absolute value of the complex correlation coefficient, which is a crucial parameter in the practical study of polarimetric SAR data.
Further Results on the Modelling of Complex Fractals in Finance, Scaling Observation and Optimal Portfolio Selection

It has been proposed to use complex-valued fractional Brownian motion to describe fractals in finance, and mainly to derive a Black-Scholes equation of order n in which the parameter n takes account of the investment risk. Here, this approach is improved in two ways. Firstly, by using properties of complex white noises, one shows how one can by-pass setting the problem in the complex plane, and one derives a fractal stochastic differential equation for stock prices. Secondly, in order to prove that complex white noise is quite relevant, one points out that it can be derived in quite a natural way, as the result of an observation process which converts a 1-D system into a 2-D one. As a new application, one examines the incidence of fractal noises on optimal portfolio selection policy. The problem is firstly solved by using stochastic dynamic programming of order n , and then the same solution is obtained by using signed probability density.