Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Panel-Page-Aware Comic Genre Understanding

Using a sequence of discrete still images to tell a story or introduce a process has become a tradition in the field of digital visual media. With the surge in these media and the requirements in downstream tasks, acquiring their main topics or genres in a very short time is urgently needed. As a representative form of the media, comic enjoys a huge boom as it has gone digital. However, different from natural images, comic images are divided by panels, and the images are not visually consistent from page to page. Therefore, existing works tailored for natural images perform poorly in analyzing comics. Considering the identification of comic genres is tied to the overall story plotting, a long-term understanding that makes full use of the semantic interactions between multi-level comic fragments needs to be fully exploited. In this paper, we propose $\text{P}^{2}$ Comic, a Panel-Page-aware Comic genre classification model, which takes page sequences of comics as the input and produces class-wise probabilities. $\text{P}^{2}$ Comic utilizes detected panel boxes to extract panel representations and deploys self-attention to construct panel-page understanding, assisted with interdependent classifiers to model label correlation. We develop the first comic dataset for the task of comic genre classification with multi-genre labels. Our approach is proved by experiments to outperform state-of-the-art methods on related tasks. We also validate the extensibility of our network to perform in the multi-modal scenario. Finally, we show the practicability of our approach by giving effective genre prediction results for whole comic books.
Devimistat in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in biliary tract cancer: Pre-clinical evaluation and phase 1b multicenter clinical trial (BilT-04).

PURPOSE Devimistat (CPI-613®) is a novel inhibitor of tumoral mitochondrial metabolism. We investigated effect of devimistat in vitro and in a phase 1b clinical trial in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Cell viability assays of devimistat +/- GC were performed and effect of devimistat on mitochondrial respiration via oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was evaluated. A phase 1b/2 trial was initiated in patients with untreated advanced BTC. In phase 1b, devimistat was infused over 2 hours in combination with GC on days 1 and 8 every 21 days with a primary objective to determine recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). Secondary objectives included safety, overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS In vitro, devimistat with GC had synergistic effect on two cell lines. Devimistat significantly decreased OCR at higher doses and in arms with divided dosing. In the phase 1b trial, 20 patients received a median of 9 cycles (range 3-19). One DLT was observed and the RP2D of devimistat was determined to be 2000 mg/m2 in combination with GC. Most common grade 3 toxicities included neutropenia (n=11, 55%), anemia (n=4, 20%), and infection (n=3, 15%); with no grade 4 toxicities. After a median follow-up of 15.6 months, ORR is 45% and median PFS is 10 months (95% CI, 7.1 - 14.9). Median OS is not yet estimable. CONCLUSION Devimistat in combination with GC is well tolerated and has an acceptable safety profile in patients with untreated advanced BTC.
Prevalence and diagnostic performance of iron deficiency in polycythemia

ABSTRACT Introduction Several observations have shown that patients with polycythemia have iron deficiency. Our objectives were to report the prevalence of iron deficiency and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of serum ferritin in polycythemia vera. Patients and method This is a retrospective descriptive and analytical study carried out in the internal medicine department of the Henri Mondor Hospital, Aurillac, France. The study involved 114 patients with polycythemia, followed in the department from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2021. To evaluate the diagnostic performance, the JAK2 mutation was considered as the gold standard of diagnosis. Results Thirty-three patients had polycythemia vera and 76 patients had secondary polycythemia. The mean age of the patients was 61.79 years (±15.44) with a sex ratio of 4.43. The overall prevalence of iron deficiency was 21.05%. The prevalence was 53% in polycythemia vera group and 1.32% in secondary polycythemia group. The risk of iron deficiency was high in polycythemia vera (OR = 115; 95% CI [14.4-918.2], p < 0.0001) and the sensitivity and specificity of serum ferritin were 52.63% and 100% respectively. Conclusion Assessment of iron deficiency should be part of the initial evaluation of polycythemia. Iron deficiency had a high specificity during polycythemia vera.
Impact of different warm-up procedures on a 50-yard swimming sprint

This study investigated to what degree three different warm-up routines affect 50-yard swim performance (45.7m). The 4 female and 9 male participants, NCAA Division I swimmers, performed on three different days, a general swimming warm-up (SWIM), a combination of plyometric exercises and swimming warm-up (COMBO), or a single 50yard Swim at 90% of the maximum effort (SHORT). Each treatment was followed by 50-Yard Freestyle swimming Sprint at maximal effort following a 5-minute rest period after the completion of each warm-up procedure. Self-reported heart rate was recorded after each maximal effort. The time of each trial was recorded using a standard Colorado Timing System. Although the 50y sprint performance was not significantly affected by the SWIM, the SHORT and the COMBO warm-up (23.79 sec ±2.32), (23.74 sec ±2.12), (23.63sec ± 2.21) respectively, 7 out of the 13 swimmers swam their fastest time with the SHORT warm-up and only three swam their fastest with the conventional warm-up (SWIM). Heart rates, on the other hand, were significantly (p<.05) higher following the SHORT warm up compared to the SWIM and the COMBO warm ups. However, individual differences revealed that some athletes could benefit from a plyometric/swimming warm-up in order to improve overall swimming performance, especially when considering that a few hundredths of a second would make a significant difference in the outcome of a given race, It appears that the standard warm-up may not produce the best results for all swimmers. It is important to look at individual data when dealing with elite athletes.
Physical literacy as a determinant of physical activity level among late adolescents

Background/Objectives This study aimed to investigate the level of physical literacy among late adolescents according to the current physical activity level and to examine the relationship between current physical activity, barriers to engaging in physical activity, and enjoyment of physical activity and physical literacy. Methods A total of 568 university students (405 women) aged from 18 to 20 were involved in this study. The physical literacy, physical activity level, enjoyment from activity, and barriers to physical activity were assessed with the Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument (PPLI), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short Form (IPAQ–SF), Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES), and the Physical Activity Barriers Questionnaire (PABQ), respectively. Multinomial and binary logistic regression analyses were employed to explore the association between physical literacy and physical activity level. Results Highly physically active adolescents had better scores on the PPLI, PACES, and PABQ than moderately active and inactive participants. The PPLI total score was significantly moderately correlated with PACES total, positive, and negative scores and the PABQ score. There were significant poor correlations between the IPAQ-MET value and the PPLI scores. Adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed the PPLI total score and the PACES positive sub-scale scores, and gender (men) were associated with being highly active relative to moderately active. Conclusions The findings highlight the evidence that physical literacy, gender, and enjoyment from activity can be determinants of high or moderate physical activity levels. Therefore, improving physical literacy among late adolescence may be key to achieving increased physical activity level.
Mechanistically Weighted Metric to Predict In Vivo Antibody-Receptor Occupancy: An Analytical Approach

In situ clinical measurement of receptor occupancy (RO) is challenging, particularly for solid tumors, necessitating the use of mathematical models that predict tumor receptor occupancy to guide dose decisions. A potency metric, average free tissue target to initial target ratio (AFTIR), was previously described based on a mechanistic compartmental model and is informative for near-saturating dose regimens. However, the metric fails at clinically relevant subsaturating antibody doses, as compartmental models cannot capture the spatial heterogeneity of distribution faced by some antibodies in solid tumors. Here we employ a partial differential equation (PDE) Krogh cylinder model to simulate spatiotemporal receptor occupancy and derive an analytical solution, a mechanistically weighted global AFTIR, that can better predict receptor occupancy regardless of dosing regimen. In addition to the four key parameters previously identified, a fifth key parameter, the absolute receptor density (targets/cell), is incorporated into the mechanistic AFTIR metric. Receptor density can influence equilibrium intratumoral drug concentration relative to whether the dose is saturating or not, thereby influencing the tumor penetration depth of the antibody. We derive mechanistic RO predictions based on distinct patterns of antibody tumor penetration, presented as a global AFTIR metric guided by a Thiele Modulus and a local saturation potential (drug equivalent of binding potential for positron emissions tomography imaging) and validate the results using rigorous global and local sensitivity analysis. This generalized AFTIR serves as a more accurate analytical metric to aid clinical dose decisions and rational design of antibody-based therapeutics without the need for extensive PDE simulations. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Determining antibody-receptor occupancy (RO) is critical for dosing decisions in pharmaceutical development, but direct clinical measurement of RO is often challenging and invasive, particularly for solid tumors. Significant efforts have been made to develop mathematical models and simplified analytical metrics of RO, but these often require complex computer simulations. Here we present a mathematically rigorous but simplified analytical model to accurately predict RO across a range of affinities, doses, drug, and tumor properties.
Suicides among adults in Paraguay: An 18-year national exploratory study (2004–2022)

Background: The number of suicides has been increasing worldwide, year after year, becoming the fourth leading cause of death among young people between 15 and 29 years of age. Aim: In this study, we explored the frequency and characteristics of suicides among the adult general population in Paraguay between 2004 and 2022, considering that suicide attempts and suicidal risk/ideation are frequent and relevant issues in the consultation activity, even if epidemiological evidence on the national rates of suicide is scarce. Methods: In this observational, descriptive, and exploratory study, official records of all deaths by suicide were reviewed and information analyzed. In addition, an attempt was made to predict the number of suicides in the next 5 years according to a mathematical modeling. Results: In the 18-year period, 5,527 suicides of adults were recorded. Patients’ mean age was 36.8 ± 17 years old. A 76.77% of them were males, 77.44% were from an urban area and 25.98% from the Greater Asunción and Central Department of Paraguay. The most frequently used method of suicide was intentional self-inflicted injury by hanging, strangulation, or suffocation (all 67.6%). The expected number of national suicides in the following years from 2023 to 2027 will range between 462 and 530. Limitations include the lack of information regarding diagnoses and personal history in the suicide reports as well as the possibility of underreporting of national suicide cases. Conclusion: Our results represent the first large national epidemiological report of suicides in Paraguay and may be of interest for mental health professionals and health authorities in order to reduce the suicide mortality rate within the country.
Chaperone-Dependent Degradation of Cdc42 Promotes Cell Polarity and Shields the Protein from Aggregation

Abstract Rho GTPases are global regulators of cell polarity and signaling. By exploring the turnover regulation of the yeast Rho GTPase Cdc42p, we identified new regulatory features surrounding the stability of the protein. We specifically show that Cdc42p is degraded at 37 °C by chaperones through lysine residues located in the C-terminus of the protein. Cdc42p turnover at 37 °C occurred by the 26S proteasome in an ESCRT-dependent manner in the lysosome/vacuole. By analyzing versions of Cdc42p that were defective for turnover, we show that turnover at 37 °C promoted cell polarity but was defective for sensitivity to mating pheromone, presumably mediated through a Cdc42p-dependent MAP kinase pathway. We also identified one residue (K16) in the P-loop of the protein that was critical for Cdc42p stability. Accumulation of Cdc42pK16R in some contexts led to the formation of protein aggregates, which were enriched in aging mother cells and cells undergoing proteostatic stress. Our study uncovers new aspects of protein turnover regulation of a Rho-type GTPase that may extend to other systems. Moreover, residues identified here that mediate Cdc42p turnover correlate with several human diseases, which may suggest that turnover regulation of Cdc42p is important to aspects of human health.
A Pilot Study on Cannabidiol (CBD) and Eccentric Exercise: Impact on Inflammation, Performance, and Pain.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid purported to reduce symptoms of discomfort. Individuals are now using CBD to treat symptoms of multiple sclerosis, seizures, and chronic pain. Animal models indicate that CBD may be effective at reducing inflammation post fatiguing exercise. However, little evidence is available to evaluate these findings in humans. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the impact of two doses of CBD oil on inflammation (IL-6), performance, and pain after an eccentric loading protocol. Participants (n = 4) participated in three conditions (placebo, low dose, and high dose), in this randomized, counterbalanced design. Each condition took 72 hours to complete, with a 1-week washout period between conditions. At the beginning of each week, participants were subjected to a loading protocol of six sets of ten eccentric only repetitions in the single-arm bicep curl. Participants consumed capsules of either a placebo, low dose (2mg/kg) or high dose (10mg/kg) of CBD oil immediately following the session and continued every twelve hours for 48 hours. Venipunctures were taken before exercise and repeated at 24, 48, and 72 hours post exercise. Blood samples were centrifuged for 15 minutes in gel and lithium heparin vacutainers. Plasma was separated from cells and stored at -80° until analysis. Samples were analyzed using an immunometric assay for IL-6 (ELISA). Data were analyzed using a three (condition) by four (time) repeated measure ANOVA. There were no differences in inflammation between conditions (F(2,6) = 0.726, p = 0.522, np 2 = 0.195) or across time (F(3,9) = 0.752, p = 0.548, np 2 = 0.200), handgrip strength between conditions (F(2,6) = 0.542, p = 0.607, np 2 = . 153) or across time (F(3,9) = 2.235, p = . 153, np 2 = . 427), or bicep curl strength between conditions (F(2,6) = 0.675, p = 0.554, np 2 = . 184) or across time (F(3,9) = 3.513, p = . 150, np 2 = . 539). There were no differences in pain between conditions (F(2,6) = 0.495, p = 0.633, np 2 = . 142), but there was a difference across time (F(3,9) = 7.028, p = . 010, np 2 = . 701). There were no significant interactions to note. Although there was no statistical significance between conditions (likely due to the low sample size), there was a visible increase in IL-6 48 (4.88 ± 6.53) and 72 hours (3.12 ± 4.26) post exercise in the placebo condition which was not observed in the low (48: 0.35 ± 2.22; 72: 1.34 ± 5.6) and high dose condition (48: 1.34 ± 1.34; 72: -0.79 ± 5.34). Future investigations should consider implementing eccentric resistance training across a larger portion of the body to improve ecological validity of the exercise. A larger sample would reduce risk of researchers committing a type II statistical error and give strength to detecting differences between conditions.
Core Stabilization Exercise in Prenatal and Postnatal Women With Urinary Incontinence

Objective The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect size of core stabilization exercise for prenatal and postnatal women through measures of urinary symptoms, voiding function, pelvic floor muscle strength and endurance, quality of life, and pain scores. Design The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases were searched. Randomized controlled trials were selected and subjected to meta-analysis and risk of bias assessment. Results Ten randomized controlled trials were selected, and 720 participants were included. Ten articles using seven outcomes were analyzed. Relative to the control groups, the core stabilization exercise groups exhibited superior results for urinary symptoms (standardized mean difference = −0.65, 95% confidence interval = −0.97 to 0.33), pelvic floor muscle strength (standardized mean difference = 0.96, 95% confidence interval = 0.53 to 1.39), pelvic floor muscle endurance (standardized mean difference = 0.71, 95% confidence interval = 0.26 to 1.16), quality of life (standardized mean difference = −0.9, 95% confidence interval = −1.23 to 0.58), transverse muscle strength (standardized mean difference = −0.45, 95% confidence interval = −0.9 to –0.01), and voiding function (standardized mean difference = −1.07, 95% confidence interval = −1.87 to 0.28). Conclusions Core stabilization exercises are safe and beneficial for alleviating urinary symptoms, improving quality of life, strengthening pelvic floor muscles, and improving transverse muscle function in prenatal and postnatal women with urinary incontinence.
Clinical, Endoscopic, and Histopathologic Gastrointestinal Disease in an American Cohort With Behçet's Disease

INTRODUCTION: Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic systemic vasculitis characterized by oral and genital ulcers, uveitis, and skin lesions. Patients with BD may develop gastrointestinal (GI) disease; however, characterization of GI disease in American cohorts is lacking. In this article, we present clinical, endoscopic, and histopathologic GI findings in an American cohort of patients with BD. METHODS: Patients with established BD were evaluated prospectively at the National Institutes of Health. Demographic and clinical data were collected including BD manifestations and GI symptoms. Endoscopy with histopathologic sampling was performed for both clinical and research indications with written consent. RESULTS: Eighty-three patients were evaluated. The majority were female (83.1%) and white (75.9%). Mean age was 36 ± 14.8 years. GI symptoms were reported in 75% of cohort with nearly half of reporting abdominal pain (48.2%) and significant numbers reporting acid reflux, diarrhea, and nausea/vomiting. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed in 37 patients; erythema and ulcers were the most common found abnormalities. Colonoscopy was performed in 32 patients with abnormalities including polyps, erythema, and ulcers. Endoscopy was normal in 27% of esophagogastroduodenoscopies and 47% of colonoscopies. Vascular congestion was demonstrated on the majority of random biopsies throughout the GI tract. Inflammation was not highly prevalent on random biopsies except in the stomach. Wireless capsule endoscopy was performed on 18 patients; ulcers and strictures were the most common abnormalities. DISCUSSION: GI symptoms were common in this cohort of American patients with BD. Endoscopic examination was often normal; however, histopathologic examination demonstrated vascular congestion throughout the GI tract.
Optimal thermoelectric figure of merit in Bi 2 Te 3 /Sb 2 Te 3 quantum dot nanocomposites

Following the idea that there exists an optimal bandwidth for maximizing the thermoelectric figure of merit ($ZT$), we conduct detailed calculations in this paper to search for the optimal $ZT$ in Bi${}_{2}$Te${}_{3}$/Sb${}_{2}$Te${}_{3}$ quantum dot (QD) nanocomposites (NCs) with Bi${}_{2}$Te${}_{3}$ QDs uniformly embedded in Sb${}_{2}$Te${}_{3}$ matrix where electron minibands are formed. The two-channel transport model, which considers both the miniband transport by the quantum-confined carriers and the background transport by the bulklike carriers, is used for electrical transport, while the lattice thermal conductivity is modeled using the modified effective medium approximation. Simultaneous decrease of the lattice thermal conductivity and the Lorenz number leads to an enhanced $ZT$ in QD NCs when the Seebeck coefficient is not dramatically decreased. The optimal structural parameters that result in optimal electronic structure for maximizing $ZT$ are found, with the consideration of realistic carrier scattering physics including phonon bottleneck effect. The optimal QD size is found to be \ensuremath{\sim}$6\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$, and the optimal interdot distance depends on the QD size and the doping concentration. For a given QD size, the maximum $ZT$ is determined by the minimum of Lorenz number, which occurs when the quantum-confined carrier transport overwhelms the bulklike carrier transport.
The BJUI Editorial Team's view on artificial intelligence and machine learning

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The Brucella Cell Envelope

The cell envelope is a multilayered structure that insulates the interior of bacterial cells from an often chaotic outside world. Common features define the envelope across the bacterial kingdom, but the molecular mechanisms by which cells build and regulate this critical barrier are diverse and reflect the evolutionary histories of bacterial lineages. Intracellular pathogens of the genus Brucella exhibit marked differences in cell envelope structure, regulation, and biogenesis when compared to more commonly studied gram-negative bacteria and therefore provide an excellent comparative model for study of the gram-negative envelope. We review distinct features of the Brucella envelope, highlighting a conserved regulatory system that links cell cycle progression to envelope biogenesis and cell division. We further discuss recently discovered structural features of the Brucella envelope that ensure envelope integrity and that facilitate cell survival in the face of host immune stressors.