Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Practical solution approaches to solve a hierarchical stochastic production planning problem in a flexible automated workshop in China

This paper deals with a Hierarchical Stochastic Production Planning (HSPP) problem of Flexible Automated Workshops (FAWs), each with a number of Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMSs). The problem includes not only the standard (demand, capacity and material supply) uncertainties but also uncertainties in processing times, necessity for rework and scrap. In contrast to most work that only considers either single period or infinite horizons, we also considers multiple time periods and multiple products. One objective of this paper is to determine a cost minimizing production plan for each FMS taking into consideration work-inprocess inventory, work centers overload and underload, cumulative over- and under-production of finished products over a finite time horizon. The HSPP problem is formulated as a stochastic nonlinear programming model whose constraints are linear but whose objective function is piecewise linear. To facilitate the solution procedure, the model is first transformed into a deterministic nonlinear programming model and then into a linear programming model. For medium- or small-scale problems, Karmarkar's algorithm is applied to obtain the solution. For large-scale problem, an interaction/prediction algorithm is used. The effectiveness of these approaches is benchmarked against the linear programming method in Matlab 5.0 in various HSPP settings.
Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration Performed by Neonatologists With Cardio-Renal Pediatric Dialysis Emergency Machine to Treat Fluid Overload During Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome: A Case Series

OBJECTIVES: A new device is available for neonates needing extracorporeal renal replacement therapy. We reviewed the use of this device (in continuous venovenous hemofiltration [CVVH] mode) in term or preterm neonates affected by multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) with fluid overload. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Academic specialized referral neonatal ICU (NICU) with expertise on advanced life support and monitoring. PATIENTS: Neonates with MODS and fluid overload despite conventional treatments and receiving at least one CVVH session. INTERVENTION: CVVH with the Cardio-Renal Pediatric Dialysis Emergency Machine. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Ten (three preterm) neonates were treated using 18 consecutive CVVH sessions. All patients were in life-threatening conditions and successfully completed the CVVH treatments, which almost always lasted 24 hr/session, without major side effects. Three neonates survived and were successfully discharged from hospital with normal follow-up. CVVH reduced fluid overload (before versus after represented as a weight percentage: 23.5% [12–34%] vs 14.6% [8.2–24.1%]; p = 0.006) and lactate (before versus after: 4.6 [2.9–12.1] vs 2.9 mmol/L [2.3–5.5 mmol/L]; p = 0.001). CVVH also improved the Pao2 to Fio2 (before vs after: 188 mm Hg [118–253 mm Hg] vs 240 mm Hg [161–309 mm Hg]; p = 0.003) and oxygenation index (before vs after: 5.9 [3.8–14.6] vs 4 [2.9–11]; p = 0.002). The average cost of CVVH in these patients was minor (≈3%) in comparison with the median total cost of NICU care per patient. CONCLUSIONS: We have provided CVVH to critically ill term and preterm neonates with MODS. CVVH improved fluid overload and oxygenation. The cost of CVVH was minimal compared with the overall cost of neonatal intensive care.
Preoperative upper tract invasive diagnostic modalities are associated with intravesical recurrence following surgery for upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A population-based study

Background Intravesical recurrence (IVR) after surgery for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a clinical problem. We investigated if preoperative invasive diagnostic modalities (IDM) such as antegrade/retrograde uretero-pyelography and/or selective urine cytology/barbotage, and URS with or without concomitant biopsy are associated with IVR after radical surgery for UTUC. Risk of death from urothelial cancer and all causes was investigated as secondary outcomes. Methods We investigated a population-based cohort of 1038 consecutive patients subjected to radical surgery for UTUC 2015–2019 in Sweden, using the Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe 2.0), comprising all patients in the Swedish National Registry of Urinary Bladder Cancer. Risk estimates of IVR, death from urothelial cancer, and all causes was assessed using multivariable Cox regression models. Results The study included 536 cases with and 502 without preoperative IDM. IDM was associated with increased risk of IVR (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.03–1.52) and risk of urothelial cancer death (HR 1.56, CI 1.12–2.18), compared to no IDM after a median follow-up of 1.3 yrs. Stratified analysis for tumor location showed that IDM was associated with risk of IVR in ureteric cancer (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.21–2.28) but not in renal pelvic cancer (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.81–1.41). Limitations included the observational setting and the lack of variables such as tumour grade, multifocality and preoperative hydronephrosis. Conclusions Worse outcomes for patients subjected to preoperative IDM highlight the need for carefully considering diagnostic decisions for UTUC patients, specifically in tumours located in the ureter.
Heterogeneity of white adipocytes in metabolic disease

Purpose of review This review aims to discuss the most recent evidence identifying the presence of distinct white adipocyte subpopulations in white adipose tissue (WAT) and how these may be altered with increasing adiposity and/or metabolic disease. We conceptualize how changes in adipocyte subpopulations may contribute to alterations in WAT function and the development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent findings Studies utilizing novel analytical approaches support the existence of distinct white adipocyte subpopulations in both human and murine WAT. Adipocyte subtypes are potentially functionally distinct and may have different roles in WAT function and obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Summary The exploration of white adipocyte heterogeneity using novel analytical technologies, has unveiled a new layer of complexity in the study of WAT biology. Interrogation of potential functional differences between adipocyte subpopulations and their role in the function of different WAT depots is now needed. Through understanding the mechanisms regulating white adipocyte subtype development and potential pathophysiological consequences of changes in the presence of adipocyte subpopulations, studies could provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of T2DM, NAFLD, and CVD.
Two‐Grid Solution of Symm's Integral Equation

We propose two-grid iteration methods for Symm's integral equation discretized by quadrature-collocation or quadrature methods. Asymptotically the optimal order of error estimate is achieved already on the first iteration, for some modifications on the second iteration. This enables us to introduce some solvers which are of the optimal convergence order and cheap in a practical implementation; the cost varies between O(N2) and O(N log N) arithmetic operations. Numerical experiments confirm the approximation properties of the schemes.
Drag reduction fundamentals

Drag reduction by dilute solutions of linear, random-coiling macromolecules in turbulent pipe flow is reviewed. The experimental evidence is emphasized in three sections concerned with the graphical display of established features of the phenomenon, data correlation and analysis, and the physical mechanism of drag reduction. This work has application to increased pipelines capacity, the study of wall turbulence and molecular rheology.
Simultaneous detection of four pesticides in agricultural products by a modified QuEChERS method and LC-MS/MS

Abstract A modified QuEChERS pretreatment method and LC-MS/MS technique were performed to simultaneously determine four pesticide (Hexachlorophene, Dinex, Dinosam, Dinoterb) residues in agricultural products. Through the optimization of LC-MS/MS detection parameters in SIM mode, the optimal instrument conditions are obtained. The modified QuEChERS method was used to pretreat the samples. Solid phase extractants PSA, C18 and GCB were used for sample purification. The research results showed that the correlation coefficients of the four pesticides were all greater than 0.991, which had a good linear relationship. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) of the four pesticides were 0.05–0.56 μg/kg. The recoveries were 70.51–113.20% with relative standard deviations (RSDS) of 1.6–11.2%. The developed method can provide reliable data support for the subsequent simultaneous detection of these four pesticides.
Optical magnetic-resonance imaging of laser-polarized Cs atoms

Optical magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) is performed to observe a density distribution of the laser-polarized Cs atoms that diffuse in helium buffer gas at roughly room temperature. Spatial resolution of optical MRI and sensitivity of optical detection are discussed for gaseous atoms in a weak magnetic field. We propose a fast method of three-dimensional optical MRI with parallel processing of signals from a photodetector array, and we discuss its application to the spin-polarized noble gas.
Single-center experience evaluating and initiating people with HIV on long-acting cabotegravir/rilpivirine

Objective: To describe our experience evaluating and initiating individuals on long-acting injectable (LAI) cabotegravir/rilpivirine (CAB/RPV) and evaluate factors associated with starting LAI CAB/RPV and reasons for not starting. Design: We conducted a retrospective single-center study at the UC San Diego Owen Clinic. Methods: We included all individuals who expressed interest in treatment with LAI CAB/RPV between April 2021 and June 2022 who had a definitive decision made on starting LAI CAB/RPV. Results: In total, 383 individuals were included with 201 (52.5%) initiating LAI CAB/RPV. Those who initiated LAI CAB/RPV were younger (P = 0.02) and were more likely to be on a two-drug regimen or first-generation integrase inhibitor regimen and less likely to be on a protease inhibitor or multiclass regimen. The most common reasons for not starting LAI CAB/RPV were inconsistent clinic attendance or difficulty being contacted and patient choice not to start. Of those who had a proviral DNA resistance test as workup for LAI CAB/RPV (n = 135), 18.5% had a resistance mutation identified that may have impacted the activity of LAI CAB/RPV. Conclusion: Despite novel challenges over half of our cohort initiated LAI CAB/RPV. Evaluating for potential non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance is an important part of the workup for LAI CAB/RPV and proviral DNA resistance testing can be an additional tool to identify potential resistance.
Efficacy of a biosimilar ranibizumab monotherapy for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a biosimilar ranibizumab (Razumab) on outcomes of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) for the first time. Methods: This retrospective study included infants presenting with stage 3+ ROP either in zone 1 or zone 2 posterior or aggressive posterior ROP (APROP). All eligible infants received intravitreal razumab (0.25 mg/0.025 ml) monotherapy. Follow-up was continued monthly till complete retinal vascularization was achieved while retreatment with razumab was given when recurrent neovascularization was noted. In case of no recurrence but incomplete vascularization, laser photocoagulation was done to the residual avascular retina. Results: We included 118 eyes of 59 infants with a median gestational age of 30 weeks and median birth weight of 1250 grams. At presentation, APROP was found in 28 eyes (24%) of 14 babies while stage 3 disease was seen in zone 1 in another 28 eyes (24%) and the remaining 62 eyes (52%) had stage 3 ROP in zone 2 posterior region. Complete resolution of ROP along with complete vascularization was seen in 22 eyes (19%) at a median of 55 days (IQR = 31–56 days) and 42 eyes (35%) showed a recurrent neovascularization at a median of 51 days post razumab (IQR = 42–55 days). The cumulative incidence of recurrence of neovascularization (21%, 95% CI = 14%–29%) peaked at seven weeks and was significantly higher in eyes with APROP (43%, 95% CI = 27%–63%) compared to eyes without APROP (13.4%, 95%CI, 8%-22%) (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Razumab appears to be safe and effective in treating ROP, with about a third requiring reinjection at seven weeks after the first dose.
The Role of Physical Activity and Community Engagement in Understanding Mental Health Among Community-Dwelling Seniors

Caregivers and health practitioners are often looking for good intervention techniques to help community-living older adults to improve their mental health. This study examined the relationship between physical activity and community engagement and their effect on mental well-being among older men and women. Data from National Health and Aging Trends Study from the years 2018 to 2020 were used to explore and test the posited relationships. Partial least-squares structural equation modeling was used to test the developed model that focused on the relationships among physical activity and mental well-being when controlling for demographics in older adults. Social interactions added importance to well-being among older men and women. Physical activity factors and community engagement all together have a positive impact on an older adults' mental well-being. This study provides statistically significant empirical evidence that older adults who are physically active and involved in the community exhibit greater mental well-being than those who isolate themselves.
SPECTROSCOPY OF QUASAR CANDIDATES FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LOW-DISPERSION SURVEY

four close companions from the University of Michigan objective-prism survey lists. Twelve of them are quasars with redshifts ranging from 0.326 to 2.852, and an additional 12 objects (including companions) are Seyferts or active galaxies ranging in redshift from 0.0365 to 0.227. UM 443 may be a broad absorption-line quasar. UM 565 is a star with a puzzling spectrum. Spectra are presented for a total of 25 objects.
An analysis of the vertical photospheric velocity field as observed by THEMIS

We propose the application of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) analysis to the photospheric vertical velocity field obtained through the data acquired by the THEMIS telescope, to recover a proper optimal basis of functions. As first results we found that four modes, which are energetically dominant, are nearly sufficient to reconstruct both the convective field and the field of the “5-min” oscillations.
Multiyear experience with mobile online platform for documentation of acute care surgery fellows supervision

Mobile evaluation of AAST ACS fellows’ clinical activity provides a convenient and reliable tool to measure performance and identify areas for targeted education. Real-time evaluation and feedback are key to surgical education. BACKGROUND There is currently no standard for documenting supervision of acute care surgery (ACS) fellows. To accomplish this goal, we developed a web-based survey that is accessible via mobile platform. We hypothesize that our mobile access survey is an effective, reproducible tool for assessing fellow clinical performance. METHODS A retrospective review from 2016 to 2022 of all data captured in an encrypted database on all ACS fellows at our institution was performed. Supervision was defined as: Type 1 direct face-to-face, Type 2a immediately available in-house, Type 2b available after notification via phone with remote electronic medical record access, and Type 3 retrospective review. Data were collected by supervising faculty using a web-based clinical performance survey created by fellowship program leadership. Survey data collected included clinical summary, trainee, proctoring faculty, clinical service, operative/nonoperative, supervision type, Zwisch autonomy scale, time to input data, and graduate medical education milestone performance. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS A total of 883 proctoring events were identified, including the majority as Type 1 (97.4%). Trauma comprised 64% of evaluations. Fifty-two percent of the proctoring events were surgical cases. Complexity was graded as average (77%), hardest (16%), basic (7%). Guidance included supervision only, 491 of 666 (74%), with 26% requiring faculty intervention. Fellow performance was graded as average (66%), above average (31%), and below average/critical deficiency (3%). Graduate medical education performance was available for 247 of 883 interactions identifying 31 events with potential for improvement. Average evaluation completion time: 2 minutes (n = 134). CONCLUSION A mobile web-based survey is a convenient and reliable tool for documenting ACS fellow clinical activity and was effectively used by all ACS faculty to record supervision. A combination of clinical and objective data is useful to determine ACS fellows' performance and to provide targeted education and remediation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV.
Definition of the contribution of an Osteopontin-producing CD11c+ microglial subset to Alzheimer’s disease

Significance The remarkably heterogenous nature of microglia has impeded efforts to understand their contribution to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. We show that OPN production divides CD11c+ microglia into pathogenic (CD11c+OPN+) and protective (CD11c+OPN−) subsets. OPN production promotes a microglial proinflammatory phenotype and may inhibit Aβ uptake and consolidation through the TREM2/TAM-lysosomal phagocytic pathway. Genetic ablation of OPN or administration of anti-OPN mAb reduces proinflammatory microglia and Aβ plaque pathology, and improves cognition. Analysis of brain tissue of AD patients reveals a strong correlation between OPN+CD11c+ microglial levels with dementia severity and neuropathology. These findings suggest that OPN represents a promising and tractable target for the development of potentially effective immunotherapy to halt or reverse AD progression.
Nonlinear charge transport in III-N semiconductors: Mobility, diffusion, and a generalized Einstein relation

A theoretical study of nonlinear charge transport in polar semiconductors is presented. It is based on a nonequilibrium statistical ensemble formalism which provides a generalized Boltzmann-style nonlinear quantum kinetic theory. The mobility and the diffusion coefficients are obtained and, relating both, a Nernst-Townsend-Einstein relation is derived extended to the nonlinear regime (i.e., outside the Ohmic domain). Numerical calculations are performed considering the particular case of the strongly polar III nitrides, which have application in blue-emitting diodes.
Research Protocol for Sleep in Families With a Preterm Infant

Background Specificities regarding the quality and quantity of sleep of preterm infants and their parents following discharge of the preterm infant from the hospital are not well known. Given this lack of knowledge, the links between the sleep characteristics of these parents, family functioning, and their psychological well-being are also unclear. Objectives The purpose of this article is to summarize the research protocol of a cross-sectional, mixed-methods, convergent design study, which aims to evaluate the sleep patterns of preterm infants and both their parents and document the associations between sleep quality, parents’ psychological well-being, and family functioning during the posthospitalization period. Methods A convenience sample is used to recruit 30 families. For quantitative data collection, a questionnaire booklet consisting of validated questionnaires is used to measure sleep quality of each family member, parental psychological well-being, and family functioning completed by each parent. An actigraph and a sleep diary measure sleep quantity of each parent and the preterm infant. Afterward, semistructured interviews are carried out with each parent to explore their perceptions and needs concerning their infant’s and their own sleep quality. For data analysis, qualitative and quantitative data are analyzed separately and then merged to allow for an integrative interpretation of the results. Results The research project is ongoing; 25 of 30 families have completed the data collection. Data analysis is underway. Discussion This research will provide a global portrait of the families’ sleep 1 month after the preterm infant is discharged from the hospital, which is not well known to date. The results will help healthcare providers involved with preterm infants and their families after discharge from the hospital to increase their comprehension of the families’ reality and adapt their interventions to meet these needs.
Artificial intelligence in glaucoma: posterior segment optical coherence tomography

Purpose of review To summarize the recent literature on deep learning (DL) model applications in glaucoma detection and surveillance using posterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Recent findings DL models use OCT derived parameters including retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) scans, macular scans, and optic nerve head (ONH) scans, as well as a combination of these parameters, to achieve high diagnostic accuracy in detecting glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON). Although RNFL segmentation is the most widely used OCT parameter for glaucoma detection by ophthalmologists, newer DL models most commonly use a combination of parameters, which provide a more comprehensive approach. Compared to DL models for diagnosing glaucoma, DL models predicting glaucoma progression are less commonly studied but have also been developed. Summary DL models offer time-efficient, objective, and potential options in the management of glaucoma. Although artificial intelligence models have already been commercially accepted as diagnostic tools for other ophthalmic diseases, there is no commercially approved DL tool for the diagnosis of glaucoma, most likely in part due to the lack of a universal definition of glaucoma defined by OCT derived parameters alone (see Supplemental Digital Content 1 for video abstract, http://links.lww.com/COOP/A54).
DNA‐PKcs and ATM modulate mitochondrial ADP‐ATP exchange as an oxidative stress checkpoint mechanism

DNA‐PKcs is a key regulator of DNA double‐strand break repair. Apart from its canonical role in the DNA damage response, DNA‐PKcs is involved in the cellular response to oxidative stress (OS), but its exact role remains unclear. Here, we report that DNA‐PKcs‐deficient human cells display depolarized mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) and reoriented metabolism, supporting a role for DNA‐PKcs in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). DNA‐PKcs directly interacts with mitochondria proteins ANT2 and VDAC2, and formation of the DNA‐PKcs/ANT2/VDAC2 (DAV) complex supports optimal exchange of ADP and ATP across mitochondrial membranes to energize the cell via OXPHOS and to maintain MMP. Moreover, we demonstrate that the DAV complex temporarily dissociates in response to oxidative stress to attenuate ADP‐ATP exchange, a rate‐limiting step for OXPHOS. Finally, we found that dissociation of the DAV complex is mediated by phosphorylation of DNA‐PKcs at its Thr2609 cluster by ATM kinase. Based on these findings, we propose that the coordination between the DAV complex and ATM serves as a novel oxidative stress checkpoint to decrease ROS production from mitochondrial OXPHOS and to hasten cellular recovery from OS.