Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlations For Mass Transfer Coefficients Applicable To NAPL Pool Dissolution In Subsurface Formations

In this paper, we develop correlations describing the rate of interface mass transfer from single component nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) pools in saturated, homogeneous porous media. A three-dimensional contaminant transport model is employed to obtain overall mass transfer coefficients computed from concentration gradients at the NAPL-water interface. It is assumed that pool dissolution at the pool-water interface is fast enough so the dissolved concentration is only mass transfer limited, and the liquid phase concentration along the interface is constant and equal to the saturation concentration. Power-law correlations relate the overall Sherwood number to the appropriate overall Peclet numbers. The proposed relationships are fitted to numerically determined mass transfer coefficients and the correlation coefficients are determined by nonlinear least squares regression.
Efficient Forestation in the Brazilian Amazon: Evidence from a Dynamic Model

This paper estimates the Brazilian Amazon’s efficient forestation level. We propose a dynamic discrete choice model of land use and estimate it using a remote sensing panel with land use and stock of carbon of 5.7 billion pixels, at 30 meters resolution, between 2008 and 2017. We estimate that a business as usual scenario will generate an inefficient loss of 1,075,000 km2 of forest cover in the long run, an area almost two times the size of France, implying the release of 44 billion tons of CO2. We quantify the potential of carbon and cattle production taxes to mitigate inefficient deforestation. We find that relatively small carbon taxes can mitigate a substantial part of the inefficient forest loss and emissions, while only very large taxes on cattle production would achieve a similar effect.
Antimicrobial Activity of Ocimumgratissimum Extract Against Bacterial Isolates Associated with Spoilt Tomatoes Sold in Lafia Metropolis

This study was conducted to investigate bacterial isolates associated with spoilt tomato fruits (Lycopersicunesculentum) obtained in Lafia metropolis, Northern Nigeria, and their susceptibility pattern on extract of Ocimumgratissimum. A total of 75 pieces of spoilt tomato fruits were purchased from Alamis, Kasuwan tomato, and Modern markets. Samples obtained were transported to the laboratory using sterile polyethylene bags. Spread plate methods were adopted for isolation. Colonies from each agar plates were examined both macroscopically and microscopically. Two different extracts, ethanol and methanol were obtained from Ocimumgratissimum. Agar well diffusion and micro-broth dilution technique were used for antibacterial susceptibility test and minimum inhibitory concentration, respectively. Five species of bacteria were identified of which Staphylococcus aureus was the dominant organism with percentage frequency of 19 (30.2%), Escherichia coli15 (23.8%), Salmonella spp12 (19.0%), Proteusspp9 (14.3%), and the least was Pseudomonasspp8 (12.7%). The methanol and ethanol extract of O. gratissimum showed activity against the test organisms. S. aureus was more susceptible to the extract with a mean zone of inhibition of 21.5±0.7mm and 23±2.5mm, respectively. The least activity was recorded in E. coli and Salmonellaspp with a mean zone of inhibition of 13.5±0.7mm and 2.5±0.7mm, respectively, in 100mg/mL.The mean zone of inhibition differs significantly at P<0.05 against the test organisms. The minimum inhibitory concentration of O. Gratissimum against the test organisms in ethanol and methanol extract was between 0.19-12.5mg/mL and 0.39-50mg/mL.O. gratissimum could be a potential drug for the treatment of infections. Having identified the presence of harmful bacteria such as S. aureus, Salmonellaspp, Pseudomonasspp Proteusspp Escherichia coli in spoilt tomatoes, the consumption of spoilt and unhealthy tomatoes among members of the populace should be discouraged.
Duolingo Shared Task on Second Language Acquisition Modeling (SLAM)

As more student data becomes more available, deep learning techniques can provide analysis of task like language acquisitions that were previously difﬁcult and computationally time-consuming to perform. Duolingo’s Second Language Acquisition Modeling (SLAM) task provides a large corpus of student data to determine how students learn a new language through three different exercises on three different langauge tracks. We propose to apply a recurrent architecture namely LSTM to SLAM at the user-level. Our baseline is a logistic regression model our main model is a user-level LSTM model. All features that we extracted were encoded as embedding matrices. We found that performing LSTM at the user-level outperformed the baseline in accuracy and F1-score. However, our LSTM resulting AUC scores were worse than the baseline.
The analysis of risk factors in term of its association and correlation with diabetic nephropathy progression

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is accounts for mortality and morbidity among more than 20% of patients with diabetes mellitus. This rising prevalence depends on various factors such as, sedentary lifestyles, rapid urbanization, unhealthy diets and substance use/abuse along with increasing life expectancy. Obesity and overweight are also the most important associated risk factors. The onset of diabetes can be prevented or delayed by life style and behavioral changes by taking healthy diet and routine physical activity. Material & Methods: The present case-control study was conducted at department of Department of Medicine of our tertiary care hospital. The study duration was of one year. Patients were enrolled from outdoor and from ward by simple random sampling. Clearance from Institutional Ethics Committee was taken before start of study. Written informed consent was taken from each study participant. Recently diagnosed (<3 months), adults ( >18 years), T2DM patients were enrolled in the present study. Results In the present study, out of the total study participants on assessing multi-variate logistic regression for risk factors for diabetic nephropathy among newly diagnosed T2DM subjects we found that age (OR:0.34; P value >0.05), sex (OR:1.19; P value >0.05), smoking (OR:1.32; P value >0.05), BMI (OR:0.56; P value >0.05) and HbA1c levels (OR:2.04; P value >0.05) had statistically non-significant association. Hypertension (OR:2.98; P value <0.05), Family history of diabetes mellitus (OR:1.46; P value <0.05), presence of diabetic retinopathy (OR:2.12; P value <0.05) and Family history of diabetic nephropathy (OR:2.43; P value <0.05) had statistically significant association for diabetic nephropathy among newly diagnosed T2DM subjects.Conclusion: Hypertension, Family history of diabetes mellitus, presence of diabetic retinopathy and Family history of diabetic nephropathy had statistically significant association for diabetic nephropathy among newly diagnosed T2DM subjects.
An Electronic Collaborative Learning Environment for Standardized Tests

The National Center for Measurement (Qiyas) was established for the purpose of conducting standardized tests in Saudi Arabia. The center has developed multiple Qiyas tests such as the General Aptitude Test (GAT) and the Scholastic Achievement Admission Test (SAAT). Qiyas tests are used as a pre-requisite requirement for applying to universities and to certain kinds of jobs in Saudi Arabia. Currently, students use traditional methods to prepare for these tests, e.g., studying from books and searching for available learning resources on the internet. These web-based resources are mostly static and only have general guidelines about the tests and a history of available test samples. This research proposes a computer-based collaborative learning (CL) environment that helps support learners during their preparation for the Qiyas tests. A four-stage approach is used in this research: (1) an intensive review of 30 CL platforms is carried out to investigate the available features, (2) two workshops are conducted to evaluate the appropriateness of the features identified in Stage 1 as well as to investigate what other features would be appropriate for Qiyas tests, (3) a CL platform is developed for Qiyas tests for a total of 21 features, (4) and, lastly, the platform is evaluated using two methods, in-depth interviews with experts and an empirical study with instructors and learners. The results show that the platform helps support learners in the participative, cognitive, interactive, and social dimensions of the learning processes. The results also help instructors promote the teaching experience.
Endure: A Robust Tuning Paradigm for LSM Trees Under Workload Uncertainty

Log-Structured Merge trees (LSM trees) are increasingly used as the storage engines behind several data systems, frequently deployed in the cloud. Similar to other database architectures, LSM trees consider information about the expected workload (e.g., reads vs. writes, point vs. range queries) to optimize their performance via tuning. However, operating in a shared infrastructure like the cloud comes with workload uncertainty due to the fast-evolving nature of modern applications. Systems with static tuning discount the variability of such hybrid workloads and hence provide an inconsistent and overall suboptimal performance. To address this problem, we introduce Endure - a new paradigm for tuning LSM trees in the presence of workload uncertainty. Specifically, we focus on the impact of the choice of compaction policies, size ratio, and memory allocation on the overall performance. Endure considers a robust formulation of the throughput maximization problem and recommends a tuning that maximizes the worst-case throughput over the neighborhood of each expected workload. Additionally, an uncertainty tuning parameter controls the size of this neighborhood, thereby allowing the output tunings to be conservative or optimistic. Through both model-based and extensive experimental evaluations of Endure in the state-of-the-art LSM-based storage engine, RocksDB, we show that the robust tuning methodology consistently outperforms classical tuning strategies. The robust tunings output by Endure lead up to a 5X improvement in throughput in the presence of uncertainty. On the flip side, Endure tunings have negligible performance loss when the observed workload exactly matches the expected one.
The design and validation of the Smart Industry Sustainability Scan: assessing the maturity of Industry 4.0 for sustainable manufacturing

The fourth industrial revolution is currently changing the way manufacturers operate. Smart technologies enable to optimize production processes and resource efficiency. In this way smart factories are created, where all objects and processes are interconnected, responsive and flexible. In this paper, a maturity model for the assessment of the integration of Industry 4.0 and sustainability is developed. Existing maturity models do not focus on the sustainability part of Industry 4.0. Because while Industry 4.0 initially strives to achieve economic aims, it creates many opportunities for the achievement of ecological and social aims as well. Insight into the maturity of the integration of Industry 4.0 and sustainability is crucial for any manufacturing organization to compete in rapidly changing industrial dynamics. First an extensive literature review is done about the opportunities of sustainability in Industry 4.0, as well as the design of a maturity model. From this the model has been designed. It is then validated by gathering and analyzing the feedback of experts. With the use of the feedback, the model is improved, and the final model is presented. The Smart Industry Sustainability Scan consists of 33 questions, divided over the aspects Regulations & Policies, Strategy & Performance, Pollution, Resource circularity, Sustainable energy, and Social Sustainability. This research contributes to theory by providing a maturity model for the integration of Industry 4.0 and sustainability. The maturity model can be used in practice for manufacturers to assess their current performance on Industry 4.0 to enhance sustainable manufacturing. From there, practical suggestions can be made for the manufacturer to mature further on the aspects. Last, recommendations are made, limitations are identified, and the research is concluded. Graduation Committee members: Dr. R.P.A. Loohuis Drs. P. Bliek
CONSTRAINS ON THE NEAR-SOURCE MOTIONS OF THE KOS- BODRUM 20 JULY 2017 MW6.6 EARTHQUAKE

The Kos-Bodrum 20 July 2017 Mw6.6 earthquake ruptured an E-W normal fault dipping ~50° to the south. It caused destruction mainly in monumental structures in the city of Kos. We examine the source and rupture properties that shaped the near-fault ground motions. A key factor controlling the level of ground motions is the dip angle of the fault (between 30° to 60° in published mechanisms), alongside the dip polarity (to the north or to the south). The preferred slip model has two major asperities, with peak slip ~1.6m, located west and east of the hypocenter. The rupture propagated predominantly bilateral at a speed of 2.8 km/s. The ShakeMap shows an E-W spatial extension, in the mid-distance between the cities of Bodrum and Kos. The near-fault unique NS velocity time-series at Bodrum station, which is the fault normal direction, shows a late pulse, that is to say not at the beginning of the record, of period ~0.7s. In the absence of strong motion records in the city of Kos, we selected two near-fault horizontal time-series from the 2016 Norcia earthquake in Italy, as representative for the postulated bedrock motions. Adopting the preferred soil-profile and properties of Psycharis and Taflampas (2017) we perform 1D site response analysis, using the Bodrum and Norcia horizontal records as bedrock input motions, to estimate the surface motions. From all spectral comparisons, we conclude that the mainshock was characterized by enriched spectral ordinates for spectral periods >0.6s up to 2s, and that the effect of the soil in Kos city, is significant in this range.
Transmission Perspective on the Mechanism of Coarse and Fine Crackle Sounds

The possibility of a normal distribution indicates that few particles are in the same phase during a breath and their reflections can be observed on the chest wall, then a few explosive waves with relatively large power occurr occasionally. Therefore, the one-cycle sine wave which is simulated as a single burst of the explosive effect phenomenon penetrates through the chest wall and was analysed to explore the reason of the crackle sounds. The results explain the differences between the definitions of crackle proposed by Sovijarvi et al. (2000a). The crackles in the lungs were synthesised by a computer simulation. When the coarse crackles occur, the results indicate that higher burst frequency carriers (greater than 100 Hz) directly penetrate the bandpass filter to simulate the chest wall. The simulated coarse crackle sounds were low pitched, with a high amplitude and long duration. The total duration was greater than 10 ms. However, for a lower frequency carrier (approximately 50 Hz), the fundamental frequency component was filtered out. Therefore, the second harmonic component of the lower frequency carrier, i.e., the fine crackle, penetrated the chest wall. Consequently, it is very possible that the normal lung sounds may contain many crackle-shaped waves with very small amplitudes because of the filtering effects of the chest wall, environment noises, electric devices, stethoscopes, and human ears, the small crackles disappear in the auscultations. In addition, our study pointed out that some unknown crackles of the very low frequency under the bandwidth of the human ears cannot penetrate the airways and be detected by medical doctors. Therefore, it might be necessary to focus advanced electronic instrumentation on them in order to analyse their possible characteristics for diagnosis and treatment of the respiration system.
Elements of Sensory-Emotional Experience as an Integral Part of Forming Visual Meanings: the Role of Conceptual Abilities

Background This article analyzes the relationship between sensory-emotional experience in the process of semantic description of vague visual figures, and the level of conceptual (categorical and generative) abilities. Objective The objective of our study was, first, to show the differences in the degree and features of activation of elements of sensory-emotional experience in the process of constructing the meanings of vague visual figures; and, second, to show the relationship of these differences with the level of categorical and generative abilities. Design We studied 102 older adolescents ages 15–16 years. The research program included the following methods: 1) “Description of vague figures” (E.Yu. Artemyeva’s technique change, 1980; 1999); 2) “Generalization of three words” (Kholodnaya, 2012; Kholodnaya et al., 2019); and 3) “Conceptual synthesis” (Kholodnaya, 2012; Kholodnaya et al., 2019). Results Our results showed that generative abilities play the leading role in determining the degree of severity and diversity of different modalities in forming visual meanings, as compared with categorical abilities. The transition simulation hypothesis explains the results. However, the embodied character of mental modeling (simulation) is not determined “bottom-up” by the individual’s bodily state or the activity of corresponding brain zones. On the contrary, conceptual (namely, generative) structures determine the form of the conceptual representations from the “top down. ” Conclusion Generative abilities represent the highest level of organization of personal conceptual experience, which acquires a multimodal quality, due to the integral nature of conceptual (generative) structures.
THE CO-SEISMIC COULOMB STRESS CHANGES IN THE SOUTHEAST AND NORTHWEST OF IRANIAN PLATEAU

Iranian Plateau has been frequently struck by catastrophic earthquakes resulting in the massive loss of life, large masses homeless and disrupting their agricultural and industrial lifelines. Southeast of Iran experienced 8 earthquakes during 30 years from 1981 to 2011. Northwest of Iran experienced historical and instrumental large earthquakes too. On 11 August 2012, a strong earthquake with magnitude Mw 6.4 occurred in AharVarzaghan region, NW of Iran. It followed by another strong earthquake with magnitude Mw 6.2 after 11 minutes. The influence of static stress transfer due to moderate-to-large earthquakes on the occurrence of future earthquakes had been proved by numerous studies. This effect in triggering future events and spatial distribution of aftershocks can be explained by using the Coulomb stress changes theory. We calculated the static Coulomb stress changes for the southeast of Iran due to earthquake sequence from 1981 and for the northwest of Iran due to Ahar-Varzaghan earthquakes. In the southeast of Iran, our calculations showed a positive stress changes due to previous events on the rupture plane of next earthquake and only plane of the Rigan earthquake of 2010 December 20 received negative stress changes. Also, we calculated imparted stress changes on the surrounding active faults and showed that hypocenter of recent Hojedk earthquakes (2017 December 1 and 12) with a moment magnitude of 6.1, 6.2, and 6.1 respectively, received positive stress changes. The imparted stress by the twin AharVarzaghan earthquakes on North Tabriz Fault (NTF) system showed an increase on the eastern part of the NTF near the Bostanabad about 30 km southeast of Tabriz city and northwest part of this fault system. Furthermore our calculation showed positive Coulomb stress changes on the North and South Bozgush faults.
Simulation and Experimental Study of Terahertz Wave Transmission Characteristics Based on Periodic Metal Open Resonant Ring Structures

Different open resonant ring structures with substrate of polyimide were designed. The transmission characteristics of the structures for terahertz wave were investigated by simulation and experiment. The results show that the transmission peak of the structures moves to high frequency with increase of thickness of the metal layer. With increase of substrate thickness, the transmission peak moved to low frequency and the transmissivity decreased. The influence of number of “C” shape open resonant rings in the unit structure on the transmission characteristics of terahertz wave was also studied. It is found that when the number of “C” shape open resonant rings increases from one to two, more transmission peaks appeared in the frequency of 0.2–2 THz. The transmissivity of the designed structures was tested by terahertz time-domain spectrometer (THz-TDS). The experimental results showed good agreement to the simulation results.
Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Energy Balanced and Filled (EBAF) Top-of-Atmosphere (TOA) Edition-4.0 Data Product

AbstractThe Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Energy Balanced and Filled (EBAF) top-of-atmosphere (TOA), Edition 4.0 (Ed4.0), data product is described. EBAF Ed4.0 is an update to EBAF Ed2.8, incorporating all of the Ed4.0 suite of CERES data product algorithm improvements and consistent input datasets throughout the record. A one-time adjustment to shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) TOA fluxes is made to ensure that global mean net TOA flux for July 2005–June 2015 is consistent with the in situ value of 0.71 W m−2. While global mean all-sky TOA flux differences between Ed4.0 and Ed2.8 are within 0.5 W m−2, appreciable SW regional differences occur over marine stratocumulus and snow/sea ice regions. Marked regional differences in SW clear-sky TOA flux occur in polar regions and dust areas over ocean. Clear-sky LW TOA fluxes in EBAF Ed4.0 exceed Ed2.8 in regions of persistent high cloud cover. Owing to substantial differences in global mean clear-sky TOA fluxes, the net cloud radiative eff.
Are parents and children coresiding less than before? An analysis of intergenerational coresidence in South Korea, 1980–2015

BACKGROUND Intergenerational coresidence has important consequences for care provision for the young and the old. Given the rising concerns about population aging in South Korea, understanding intergenerational coresidence is very relevant. OBJECTIVE This research describes evolving intergenerational coresidence patterns in South Korea between 1980 and 2015 through the lens of fertility decline, increased life expectancy, and changing marriage patterns. METHODS The 1% micro data in the Korean census were used to describe changing co-residence patterns, and Sullivan’s method was used to estimate the length and proportion of intergenerational coresidence. RESULTS Coresidence with parents decreased over time due to an increase in the proportion of older people. After controlling for age structure, the prevalence of parent coresidence increased due to a reduction in sibling size and delay in marriage. Coresidence with children changed little due to a decrease in the proportion of young people. After controlling for age structure, the prevalence of child coresidence decreased substantially due to fertility decline and delay in marriage. Whereas the proportion of lifetime coresidence with parents decreased modestly between 1980 and 2015, the proportion of lifetime coresidence with children almost halved. 1 Department of Sociology, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea. 2 Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea. Email: yool@cau.ac. kr. Kye & Choi: Do we coreside with parents and children shorter than before? 2 https://www.demographic-research.org CONCLUSION As the nuclear family has become the dominant family household form, multigenerational coresidence has become less common. Demographic changes partly offset the trend of decreasing parent coresidence but amplify the trend of decreasing child coresidence. CONTRIBUTION This research shows the importance of demographic changes to changing family configurations in South Korea. As well as familial changes, fertility decline and rising longevity affect the patterns of intergenerational coresidence.