Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Test‐Wiseness Strategy Research in Task Development

This chapter takes a close look at just what strategic competence means with regard to language assessment. The approach taken here is to break down strategic competence into strategies that might contribute construct-relevant variance to test results, namely language strategies and test-management strategies, and strategies that in contrast are likely to produce construct-irrelevant variance. The chapter begins by briefly defining language strategies and distinguishing them from test-taking strategies. Then findings from the research literature are provided, challenges for researchers are highlighted, and future directions suggested that aim to ensure that respondents' language skills are actually being assessed. The ultimate challenge is to fashion items and tasks that cannot be responded to easily by means of test-wiseness strategies aimed at bypassing reasoned and informed means of producing responses. Keywords: Assessment evaluation; Assessment methods; Research methods
Lost in Translation? - sience, technology and the state since the 1970s

From the perspective of science and technology the period from the late 1960s marked the dawn of a number of revolutionary discoveries and inventions, such as the microprocessor and the technology of recombinant DNA. These and other developments, which as a rule originated outside Sweden, would with time open up a vast space of opportunities for industry and business as well as for other parts of society, and they would play key roles in the painful process of structural change in the Swedish economy during the decades that were to come.Against this background, Swedish state actors faced tremendous new challenges in their efforts to influence science- and technology-related activities in the country. The purpose of this paper is to explore how the Swedish state attempted to respond to these new challenges, and how state actors sought new ways to legitimate their actions – at a time when the myths of neutrality and welfare appeared more and more to be losing much of their attraction and broad acceptance.
Building an alternative to the traditional computer terminal

For the past year and a half, I have lead a group of researchers in building an alternative to the traditional computer terminal. Instead of building a design workstation complete with keyboard and mouse, we built an animal design playstation complete with fur, feathers, and an irridescent fish tail. We used the tools of puppetry, animation, and computer electronics, to build what is now called Noobie (short for "New Beast"). By sitting or standing in the lap of this computer creature, a child can build fantasy or real animals. When one squeezes a part on Noobie, the selected animal part can be seen on the screen in Noobie's stomach, and a sound can be heard. This paper documents the ideas behind the conception and creation of Noobie, along with how it fits into the short history of the Vivarium research group. This group is a collection of people, ideas, and projects that focus on creating a multi-media environment for children to learn about animal behavior. Submitted to the Department of Architecture on May 15,1987 in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science Thesis Advisor: Marvin Minsky Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Research funding was provided by Apple Computer at the MIT Media Lab.
Properties of HY-100 Steel for Naval Construction

Abstract : Data are presented on the chemical composition and mechanical properties of HY-100 steel manufactured by Broken Hill Proprietary Steel International, Slab and Plate Products Division and heat treated by Bunge Industrial Steels Pty Ltd. These data satisfy the requirements laid down by US Naval Sea Systems Command for first article qualification following a procedure in which explosion bulge testing is waived, but where HY-80 steel from the same source is already qualified. The Australian-made HY-100 steel is found to be eminently suitable for Royal Australian Navy ship construction. Keywords: Australia.
Case-baseret undervisning – et overset værktøj for klassiske humanistiske fag

Casebaseret undervisning er blevet udbredt, fordi den er velegnet til at træne analyse af problemer med henblik på at foreslå løsninger. Denne artikel argumenterer for, at klassiske humanistiske fag også bør tage metoden til sig, selvom fagene typisk ikke har problemløsning som afgørende målsætning. Udviklingen skal dog hjælpes på vej.Case-based teaching has gained currency because of its beneficial effect on skills and competences aimed at problem solving. This article argues that traditional subjects within the humanities can benefit from case-based teaching even if the subject is not essentially concerned with problem solving. However, the implementation needs to be supported in several ways.
Occupational and residential exposure assessment for pesticides

Contributors.Series Preface.Preface. Acknowledgements.Introduction and Overview (Claire A. Franklin and John P. Worgan). Section One: Exposure Assessment Methodologies.1. Assessment of Exposure for Pesticide Handlers in Agricultural, Residential and Institutional Environments (Richard A. Fenske and Edgar W. Day, Jr.). 2. Development of Risk-Based Restricted Entry Intervals (Gary K. Whitmyre, John H. Ross, Michael E. Ginevan and Delmont Eberhart). 3. Residential Post-Application Pesticide Exposure Monitoring (Robert G. Lewis). 4. Residential (Non-Dietary) Post-Application Exposure Assessment (Jeffrey Driver, John H. Ross, Muhilan Pandian, Jeff Evans and Curt Lunchick). Section Two: Databases and Models.5. Generic Operator Exposure Databases (Joop J. van Hemmen and Katinka E. van der Jagt). 6. Predictive Residential Models (Yoshihide Matoba and Mark P. van Veen). Section Three: Epidemiology.7. Exposure Assessment for Pesticides in Epidemiological Studies (Dick Heederik and Kay Teschke). Section Four: Advances in Data Interpretation.8. Probabilistic Approaches to Aggregate and Cumulative Risk Assessment (Robert L. Sielken, Jr.). 9. Dermal Absorption of Pesticides (Betty C. Hakkert, J.J.M. (Han) van de Sandt, Jos G.M. Bessems and Cees de Heer). 10. Occupational and Residential Exposure Assessment for Pesticides - Towards a Harmonized Regulatory Approach (Christine A. Norman). Guidelines Bibliography.Glossary. Index.
Insights into the Effectiveness of Internal Audit: A Multi-Method and Multi-Perspective Study

This doctoral dissertation includes five related working papers that provide valuable contributions to the understanding of internal audit (IA) and its effectiveness. Paper 1 is a literature review that uses the perspective of new institutional theory as a framework and acknowledges that IA effectiveness is largely still viewed as a “black box” that is under-explored in academic research. Paper 2 is an explorative work that studies the variables that are theoretically associated with the IA function’s active role in corporate governance. This paper was published in the Journal of Applied Accounting Research (JAAR 2012). Paper 3 is a conceptual essay that discusses the status of IA as a profession and questions why the IA profession has not generally been seen as playing a significant role in the financial crisis, either as part of the problem or as part of the solution. This paper was published in the Managerial Auditing Journal (MAJ 2012). Paper 4 is an empirical survey that clarifies the discriminatory power of characteristics suggested by practitioners and academic research that may indicate IA effectiveness. Paper 5 is a qualitative research paper that breaks new ground in applying role theory (Kahn et al. 1964) in combination with the theory of relational coordination (Gittell 2006) to the research context of IA effectiveness. This dissertation builds on an exhaustive literature review, provides a mix of different methods and perspectives and offers innovative and complementary insights that open the door for further research.
Stability study of the compatibility of three chemotherapeutic agents in a mixture solution of different kinds of vehicles in the EPOCH chemotherapy scheme

Background To explore the stability of a mixture of three drugs including vindesine, etoposide, and epirubicin, assigned to infusion in an EPOCH chemotherapy regimen and provide a basis for clinical use. Methods After mixing the three chemotherapy drugs with 500 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride or 5% glucose injection, respectively, they were divided into four groups of test solution. According to the Pharmacopoeia of the people’s Republic of China, 2020 Edition, injection fluid should be tested for content, osmolarity, insoluble microparticles and pH, as well as for sterility, bacterial endotoxin and pyrogen, etc. since this experiment focuses on the compatibility of the mixture of the three drugs, sterility and the detection of bacterial endotoxin and pyrogen, etc. were not performed. The test solutions were placed at room temperature, the content was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, and the pH, osmolarity, and insoluble microparticle changes of the mixed solution were determined. Both imported and domestic epirubicin was used. Results The four groups of test solution have no significant changes in pH, osmolarity, and insoluble microparticles were observed within 48 h, with the contents changing by less than 5%. Compared with the other three groups, the imported epirubicin saline group achieved better results with significant differences in insoluble microparticle detection items of ≥10 and ≥25 µM (P<0.05). Conclusions The stability of the three drugs in 500 mL 0.9% sodium chloride and 5% glucose injection at room temperature was good. Imported epirubicin had some advantages in the number of insoluble microparticles and its pH was more suitable when normal saline was used as a vehicle. To reduce irritation to blood vessels by infusion, it is recommended to choose imported epirubicin with 0.9% sodium chloride mixed deployment.
The NASA planetary data system

The “Planetary Data System” (PDS) was developed and supported by the Solar System Exploration Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and has now successfully operated for a few years. Its primary objectives are to preserve data obtained from previous, current and future space missions; to help individual scientists in the analysis of planetary data by preparing them in a usable form and making them easily accessible to the community; and to assist the National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) managing, archiving and distributing data obtained by NASA missions. The principal goals and general structure of the PDS have been summarized in several brochures issued by the PDS and articles such as e.g., “The Planetary Data System” by S.W. Lee, published in the IUGG U.S. National Report on Planetology 1987-1990 or by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Additional information can be obtained e.g., by the current author; the PDS Project Manager, S. McMahon at JPL; the PDS Project Scientist, S. Lee at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado or from any of the seven Discipline Nodes listed below.
Effect of Tannin-rich Mimosa pigra Leaf Meal in Molasses-based Blocks on Feed Intake, Rumen Parameters, and Blood Metabolites of Dairy Heifers

| The study was aimed to evaluate the influence of condensed tannin in tannin-rich Mimosa pigra leaf meal (TMLM) as a nitrogen binder in molasses-based blocks (MBB) on feed intake, rumen parameters, and blood metabolites of dairy heifers. Four crossbred Holstein heifers with 328.12 ± 1.96 kg average body weight were assigned in a 4x4 Latin square design to dietary treatments with four different levels of TMLM in MBB at 0, 75, 150, and 300 g/kg dry matter, respectively. Heifers were fed green chopped guinea grass ( Panicum maximum TD58) for ad libitum intake as the basal feed. The feeding trial lasted for 80-d. The results indicated that grass intake, total feed intake, neutral detergent fiber intake, and acid detergent fiber intake significantly increased in response to the advanced degree of TMLM inclusion MBB (P<0.05). However, none of the TMLM inclusions had a significant impact on rumen parameters, blood biochemical profiles, and complete blood counts (P>0.05), except the number of eosinophils (P<0.05). In conclusion, TMLM was beneficial for dairy heifers at 150 g/kg dry matter in MBB to improve feed intake and allow the development of dairy feeding strategies.
Sprouty3, but Not Sprouty1, Expression Is Beneficial for the Malignant Potential of Osteosarcoma Cells

Sprouty proteins are widely accepted modulators of receptor tyrosine kinase-associated pathways and fulfill diversified roles in cancerogenesis dependent on the originating cells. In this study we detected a high expression of Sprouty3 in osteosarcoma-derived cells and addressed the question of whether Sprouty3 and Sprouty1 influence the malignant phenotype of this bone tumor entity. By using adenoviruses, the Sprouty proteins were expressed in two different cell lines and their influence on cellular behavior was assessed. Growth curve analyses and Scratch assays revealed that Sprouty3 accelerates cell proliferation and migration. Additionally, more colonies were grown in Soft agar if the cells express Sprouty3. In parallel, Sprouty1 had no significant effect on the measured endpoints of the study in osteosarcoma-derived cells. The promotion of the tumorigenic capacities in the presence of Sprouty3 coincided with an increased activation of signaling as measured by evaluating the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs). Ectopic expression of a mutated Sprouty3 protein, in which the tyrosine necessary for its activation was substituted, resulted in inhibited migration of the treated cells. Our findings identify Sprouty3 as a candidate for a tumor promoter in osteosarcoma.
Technology Requirements for Affordable Single-Stage Rocket Launch Vehicles

A number of manned Earth-to-orbit (ETO) vehicle options for replacing or complementing the current Space Transportation System are being examined under the Advanced Manned Launch System (AMLS) study. The introduction of a reusable single-stage vehicle (SSV) into the U.S. launch vehicle fleet early in the next century could greatly reduce ETO launch costs. As a part of the AMLS study, the conceptual design of an SSV using a wide variety of enhancing technologies has recently been completed and is described in this paper. This paper also identifies the major enabling and enhancing technologies for a reusable rocket-powered SSV and provides examples of the mission payoff potential of a variety of important technologies. This paper also discusses the impact of technology advancements on vehicle margins, complexity, and risk, all of which influence the total system cost.
Hot electron induced punchthrough (HEIP) in p-channel SOI MOSFET's

Summary form only given. Due to their paramount importance for the development of high performance and low power/low voltage SOI CMOS technologies, SOI MOSFET short channel effects and subthreshold characteristics have been studied extensively and are now both well understood and fairly well controlled. The same is true for hot carrier effects and reliability of n-channel SOI MOSFETs. However, as with the bulk CMOS case, hot carrier studies of p-channel SOI MOSFETs have lagged behind, with only a few reports available in the open literature (Tsuchiya et al. 1994; Renn et al, 1998). This is rather surprising, since an important hot carrier induced short channel effect, hot electron induced punchthrough (HEIP), has been found to be the worst case condition in predicting the lifetime of bulk p-channel devices (Koyanagi et al. 1987). In this paper an investigation of the HEIP in p-channel SOI MOSFETs is carried out. It is found that, much like the bulk case, hot electron trapping in the gate oxide near the drain causes an effective drain extension, thereby causing a corresponding punchthrough voltage reduction. A logarithmic time dependence of this reduction is observed, in good agreement with a simple one-dimensional analytical model.
A MATCHING SERVICE TO ADAPT CHANGING SITUATIONS

Various matching services are proposed and used in our daily life. These matching services are operations for finding common parts of supply and demand or attributes among a plurality of users. For example, ridesharing matches the overlap of a user's current location with a destination, and SNS detects the overlap of a common portion of a user's friends. In these services, various situations may occur, resulting in poor results or excessive processing time. In this paper, was investigated a mechanism capable of providing different algorithm according to situations to this problem, to introduce a mechanism of preliminary matching. As a result, necessary information can be obtained and calculated before performing actual matching, and various situations can be dealt with. In particular, in applications that need to perform real-time matching calculations, it is possible to avoid the problem of waiting time by estimating the processing time in advance, and it is possible to improve usability by guiding the user rather than simply returning blank results when there is no matching result.
4.4.2 Risk and Performance

Risk is constantly present in the engineering design of systems. It influences all lifecycle phases of every system and manifests itself through a system's cost, schedule, and performance attributes. These attributes are expressed through a system's design requirements and therefore provide a measure of how successful a system is. Design requirements are stated by means of a design threshold and a design goal. The distance between the threshold and the goal, known as the design space, provides not only a measure of system performance, but also an understanding of system risk and risk management. Risk management is the sum of activities undertaken to understand, identify, classify, measure, and mitigate risk in the engineering design of systems. This paper presents an output‐oriented view of risk and risk management. It provides a taxonomy of risks that exploits the relationship between risk and performance and then discusses several hedging strategies that serve to manage risk in the engineering design of systems.
The promotion of stress tolerant Symbiodiniaceae dominance in juveniles of two coral species due to simulated future conditions of ocean warming and acidification

The symbiotic relationship between coral and its endosymbiotic algae, Symbiodiniaceae, greatly influences the hosts’ potential to withstand environmental stress. To date, the effects of climate change on this relationship has primarily focused on adult corals. Uncovering the effects of environmental stress on the establishment and development of this symbiosis in early life stages is critical for predicting how corals may respond to climate change. To determine the impacts of future climate projections on the establishment of symbionts in juvenile corals, ITS2 amplicon sequencing of single coral juveniles was applied to Goniastrea retiformis and Acropora millepora before and after exposure to three climate conditions of varying temperature and pCO2 levels (current and RCP8.5 in 2050 and 2100). Compared to ambient conditions, juvenile corals experienced shuffling in the relative abundance of Cladocopium (C1m, reduction) to Durusdinium (D1 and D1a, increase) over time. We calculated a novel risk metric incorporating functional redundancy and likelihood of impact on host physiology to identify the loss of D1a as a ‘low risk’ to the coral compared to the loss of “higher risk” taxa like D1 and C1m. Although the increase in stress tolerant Durusdinium under future warming was encouraging for A. millepora, by 2100, G. retiformis communities displayed signs of symbiosis de-regulation, suggesting this acclimatory mechanism may have species-specific thresholds. These results emphasize the need for understanding of long-term effects of climate change induced stress on coral juveniles and their potential for increased acclimation to heat tolerance through changes in symbiosis. Originality Statement Here we assessed changes in the uptake and establishment of Symbiodiniaceae in the early lifehistory stages of two coral species under future climate scenarios. Our study represents the first such assessment of future climate change projections (increased temperature and pCO2) influencing Symbiodiniaceae acquisition and specifically shows a community structure dominated by the stress tolerant genus Durusdinium. We also develop a novel risk metric that includes taxonomic function and redundancy to estimate the impact of symbiont taxa changes on coral physiology. Through the risk metric, we relate the stress-induced changes in symbiont community structure to the likelihood of functional loss to better understand the extent to which these changes may lead to a decrease in coral health.
Compact dual-frequency microstrip antenna

A new type of compact dual-frequency microstrip antenna is presented, which is designed by utilizing a cross-slot and two shorting-pins. Comparing with the conventional rectangular patch antenna, the bandwidths for dual-frequency are both extended to more than 3.8 times and the spacing between the feed and shorting-pin position is larger and easier for manufacturing. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used to calculate the return loss and input impedance properties.
Impact of Norway spruce pre-degradation stages induced by G. trabeum on fungal and bacterial communities

In forests ecosystems, fungi and bacteria are key actors in wood degradation. However, few studies have focused on the impact of fungal pre-degradationon bacterial and fungal communities. Coniferous forests are dominated by Brown rot fungi that are involved in earliest phase of lignocellulose breakdown, and therefore, influencing the second phase of microbial colonization. This study aimed to investigate the first microbial species colonizing after intermediate and advanced pre-degradation by the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum. Using Illumina metabarcoding, bacterial and fungal communities were monitored after 70 days from Picea abies wood blocks placed between forest floor and topsoil. Chemical composition of the wood samples was determined for each of the pre-degradation stages. We observed significant changes in the bacterial and fungal communities associated with the pre-degradation of P. abies, and that wood substrate condition acted as a gatekeeper for both microbial communities. Our data also suggested that fungal and bacterial communities could interact and act in a synergistic way during the wood decomposition process.
Two paralleled Ba0.25Sr0.75TiO3 ferroelectric varactors series connected coplanar waveguide microwave phase shifter

A distributed phase shifter of coplanar waveguide (CPW) using ferroelectric (Ba0.25Sr0.75TiO3) film varactors with parallel-plate electrodes is presented. In order to satisfy the requirement of small dimension of the parallel-plate varactor for the design of phase shifter and impedance match of the circuit, two parallel-plate varactors of 8×10 μm2 are connected in series. The fabricated CPW phase shifter exhibited low insertion loss of 2.3 dB and large differential phase shift of 170° at 7 GHz with a dc bias voltage of 25 V.