Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical and pathological benefits of edaravone for Alzheimer’s disease with chronic 1 cerebral hypoperfusion in a novel mouse model 2

25 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) often coexist in 26 dementia patients in aging societies. The hallmarks of AD including amyloid-β 27 (Aβ)/phosphorylated tau (pTau) and pathology-related events such as neural oxidative stress 28 and neuroinflammation play critical roles in pathogenesis of AD with CCH. A large number of 29 lessons from failures of drugs targeting a single target or pathway on this so complicated disease 30 indicate that disease-modifying therapies targeting multiple key pathways hold potent potential 31 in therapy of the disease. In the present study, we used a novel mouse model of AD with CCH 32 to investigate a potential therapeutic effect of a free radical scavenger, Edaravone (EDA) on 33 AD with CCH via examining motor and cognitivie capacity, AD hallmarks, neural oxidative 34 stress, and neuroinflammation. Compared with AD with CCH mice at 12 months of age, EDA 35 significantly improved motor and cognitive deficits, attenuated neuronal loss, reduced Aβ/pTau 36 accumulation, and alleviated neural oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. These findings 37 suggest that EDA possesses clinical and pathological benefits for AD with CCH in the present 38 mouse model and has a potential as a therapeutic agent for AD with CCH via targeting multiple 39 key pathways of the disease pathogenesis. 40
Dynamic experimental rigs for investigation of insect wing aerodynamics

This paper provides a systematic and critical review of dynamic experimental rigs used for insect wing aerodynamics research. The goal is to facilitate meaningful comparison of data from existing rigs and provide insights for designers of new rigs. The scope extends from simple one degree of freedom rotary rigs to multi degrees of freedom rigs allowing various rotation and translation motions. Experimental methods are characterized using a consistent set of parameters that allows objective comparison of different approaches. A comprehensive catalogue is presented for the tested flow conditions (assessed through Reynolds number, Rossby number and advance ratio), wing morphologies (assessed through aspect ratio, planform shape and thickness to mean chord ratio) and kinematics (assessed through motion degrees of freedom). Links are made between the type of aerodynamic characteristics being studied and the type of experimental set-up used. Rig mechanical design considerations are assessed, and the aerodynamic measurements obtained from these rigs are discussed.
Skeletal muscle function underpins muscle spindle abundance

Muscle spindle abundance is highly variable within and across species, but we currently lack any clear picture of the mechanistic causes or consequences of this variation. Previous use of spindle abundance as a correlate for muscle function implies a mechanical underpinning to this variation, but these ideas have not been tested. Herein, we use integrated medical imaging and subject-specific musculoskeletal models to investigate the relationship between spindle abundance, muscle architecture and in vivo muscle behaviour in the human locomotor system. These analyses indicate that muscle spindle number is tightly correlated with muscle fascicle length, absolute fascicle length change, velocity of fibre lengthening and active muscle forces during walking. Novel correlations between functional indices and spindle abundance are also recovered, where muscles with a high abundance predominantly function as springs, compared to those with a lower abundance mostly functioning as brakes during walking. These data demonstrate that muscle fibre length, lengthening velocity and fibre force are key physiological signals to the central nervous system and its modulation of locomotion, and that muscle spindle abundance may be tightly correlated to how a muscle generates work. These insights may be combined with neuromechanics and robotic studies of motor control to help further tease apart the functional drivers of muscle spindle composition.
CREAMT: Creativity and narrative engagement of literary texts translated by translators and NMT

We present here the EU-funded project CREAMT that seeks to understand what is meant by creativity in different translation modalities, e.g. machine translation, post-editing or professional translation. Focusing on the textual elements that determine creativity in translated literary texts and the reader experience, CREAMT uses a novel, interdisciplinary approach to assess how effective MT is in literary translation considering creativity in translation and the ultimate user: the reader.
A capacitive feed technique for microstrip patch antennas with ultra-wide bandwidth

A new feeding technique is proposed here for wideb and operation of rectangular microstrip patch antennas. This met hod is based on capacitively coupling the radiator with a very smal l feed patch. We have demonstrated nearly 43% impedance bandwidth for ant ennas on stacked air-dielectric substrate with only one metal layer above the ground. This method is equally useful for other patch geometries . Introduction: Microstrip patch antennas have several advantages such as low cost, low profile, light weight, and are easy to fabricate. In addition, these antennas are conformal and hence can be easily incorporated into any mobile sy stem. Based on these characteristics microstrip antennas are increasingly preferred for wireless personal communications applications. In this context, as newer wireless s tandards become popular, the demands on antennas are also bound to increase.
The use of online translators by students not enrolled in a professional translation program: beyond copying and pasting for a professional use

In this paper, we discuss a use of machine translation (MT) that has been quite overlooked up to now, namely by students not enrolled in a professional translation program. A number of studies have reported massive use of free online translators (OTs), and it seems important to uncover such users’ abilities and difficulties when using MT output, whether to improve their understanding, writing, or translation skills. We report here a study on students enrolled in a French ‘applied languages program’ (where students study two languages, as well as law, economics, and management). The aim was to uncover how they use OTs, as well as their (in)ability to identify and correct MT errors. Obtained through two online surveys and several tests conducted with students from 2020 to 2022, our results show an unsurprising widespread use of OTs for many different tasks, but also some specific difficulties in identifying MT errors, in particular in relation to target language fluency.
Multi-Domain Adaptation in Neural Machine Translation with Dynamic Sampling Strategies

Building effective Neural Machine Translation models often implies accommodating diverse sets of heterogeneous data so as to optimize performance for the domain(s) of interest. Such multi-source / multi-domain adaptation problems are typically approached through instance selection or reweighting strategies, based on a static assessment of the relevance of training instances with respect to the task at hand. In this paper, we study dynamic data selection strategies that are able to automatically re-evaluate the usefulness of data samples and to evolve a data selection policy in the course of training. Based on the results of multiple experiments, we show that such methods constitute a generic framework to automatically and effectively handle a variety of real-world situations, from multi-source domain adaptation to multi-domain learning and unsupervised domain adaptation.
7-4: AMOLED Pixel Circuit using Dual Gate a-IGZO TFTs for Simple Scheme and High Speed VTH Extraction

Proposed is a fast VTH compensation pixel circuit utilizing the secondary gate effect of a-IGZO TFTs with the dual-gate structure. VTH extraction is done via the faster bottom channel, resulting in very short VTH sampling time. To verify the operation of pixel circuit, DG model of Smart-Spice is used for simulation.
Working with Pre-translated Texts: Preliminary Findings from a Survey on Post-editing and Revision Practices in Swiss Corporate In-house Language Services

With the arrival of neural machine translation, the boundaries between revision and post-editing (PE) have started to blur (Koponen et al., 2020). To shed light on current professional practices and provide new pedagogical perspectives, we set up a survey-based study to investigate how PE and revision are carried out in professional settings. We received 86 responses from corporate translators working at 26 different corporate in-house language services in Switzerland. Although the differences between the two activities seem to be clear for in-house linguists, our findings show that they tend to use the same reading strategies when working with human-translated and machine-translated texts.
PfARID Regulates P. falciparum Malaria Parasite Male Gametogenesis and Female Fertility and Is Critical for Parasite Transmission to the Mosquito Vector

Successful completion of the Plasmodium life cycle requires formation of mature gametocytes and their uptake by the female Anopheles mosquito vector in an infected blood meal. Inside the mosquito midgut the parasite undergoes gametogenesis and sexual reproduction. ABSTRACT Sexual reproduction of Plasmodium falciparum parasites is critical to the spread of malaria in the human population. The factors that regulate gene expression underlying formation of fertilization-competent gametes, however, remain unknown. Here, we report that P. falciparum expresses a protein with an AT-rich interaction domain (ARID) which, in other organisms, is part of chromatin remodeling complexes. P. falciparum ARID (PfARID) localized to the parasite nucleus and is critical for the formation of male gametes and fertility of female gametes. PfARID gene deletion (Pfarid–) gametocytes showed downregulation of gene expression important for gametogenesis, antigenic variation, and cell signaling and for parasite development in the mosquito. Our study identifies PfARID as a critical nuclear protein involved in regulating the gene expression landscape of mature gametocytes. This establishes fertility and also prepares the parasite for postfertilization events that are essential for infection of the mosquito vector. IMPORTANCE Successful completion of the Plasmodium life cycle requires formation of mature gametocytes and their uptake by the female Anopheles mosquito vector in an infected blood meal. Inside the mosquito midgut the parasite undergoes gametogenesis and sexual reproduction. In the present study, we demonstrate that PfARID is essential for male gametogenesis and female fertility and, thereby, transmission to the mosquito vector. PfARID possibly regulates the chromatin landscape of stage V gametocytes and targeting PfARID function may provide new avenues into designing interventions to prevent malaria transmission.
Detection of Salmonella Typhi in Bile by Quantitative Real-Time PCR

New Salmonella Typhi conjugate vaccines have been deployed, which will potentially lead to a fall in incidence rates of typhoid fever in endemic areas. Identification of chronic carriers of S. Typhi will be important as these individuals can be a potential source of transmission to susceptible persons. ABSTRACT In countries where the incidence of typhoid fever is high, fecal material from short-term carriers of Salmonella Typhi contaminates inadequately treated water supplies. As treated water supplies and improved sanitation become available, chronic (mainly gallbladder) carriers of S. Typhi become important. The objective of this study was to develop a method for detection of S. Typhi in bile by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) in patients undergoing cholecystectomy. We evaluated sensitivity and specificity of probesets that target oriC, viaB, fliC-d, STY0201, and stoD. We optimized DNA extraction from bile and compared the sensitivity of culture and our qPCR method to detect S. Typhi in bile samples containing various cephalosporins. With the use of an optimized DNA extraction technique, our limit of detection of S. Typhi in spiked human bile samples was 7.4 × 102 CFU/mL. We observed that S. Typhi could be detected by qPCR in samples containing cefazolin, cefotaxime, or ceftriaxone whereas culture could only detect Typhi in samples containing cefazolin but not cefotaxime or ceftriaxone. Our qPCR detection method for S. Typhi in bile should be preferred in areas where antibiotic usage is common. IMPORTANCE New Salmonella Typhi conjugate vaccines have been deployed, which will potentially lead to a fall in incidence rates of typhoid fever in endemic areas. Identification of chronic carriers of S. Typhi will be important as these individuals can be a potential source of transmission to susceptible persons. To address this public health concern, we have developed a novel method to detect S. Typhi in bile using real-time PCR. Our method can be used to identify carriers of S. Typhi among patients undergoing cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal surgery). The sensitivity of our molecular-based assay was superior to culture when performed in the presence of antibiotics commonly used during surgery. Our methodology will complement efforts to eliminate typhoid disease.
ANALYSIS OF POWER LOSSES DUE TO DISTRIBUTED GENERATION INCREASE ON DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Small-scale power plants injected into the existing distribution systems are commonly called as embedded or dispersed generation. The continuously increasing penetration of distributed generation becomes a challenge for conventional power systems. Recently developed distributed generation systems are mostly categorized into small scale plants in terms of power output. However, they are expected to be massive in terms of number. The power plants injection as well as their spread in the whole distribution systems will influence the power flow and losses in the network. Some researches have been undertaken recently to relate the embedded plants with the power losses and voltage profile of the networks. This paper presents a study on the influence of penetration level and concentration of distributed generation on power losses in the network. Steady-state power flow analysis is used to examine the power losses variation for a variety of distributed generation penetration. Based on the power flow analysis, voltage profile and power losses due to the power plants injection can be determined. The influence of various technologies used is also considered, including the use of wind power, photovoltaic and micro-hydro power plants. Four different scenarios to determine the effect of dispersed generation injection are proposed, starting from the original grid in the first scenario, being added with photovoltaic plant (0.5MVA) in the second scenario, the addition of wind power plant (0.5MVA) to the grid in the third scenario, and the fourth is the addition of microhydro power plant (1x2.5MVA) to the grid. The considered scenarios are based on the existing potential of the plants in the network system under concern, i.e. the Sengkaling Substation of the Pujon Feeder in Malang, Indonesia. Based on the analysis results, the injection of microhydro power plant (Scenario 4) presents the best influence being compared to the three other scenarios. The microhydro power potential is greater than that of the PV and wind power plants. Besides, it is well located in the middle of distribution system. From the point of view of power loss analysis, Scenario 4 also results in the smallest loss compared to the other scenarios. The least favorable losses reduction is given by Scenario 3 using the wind power plant injection, although the injection of renewable energy power plants in this study in general is proven to improve the voltage profile and reduction of power losses in the system.
Establishment of a New Canine Inflammatory Mammary Carcinoma Cell Line and Analysis of its Cystine-glutamate Transporter Subunit Expression

Abstract Introduction Inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC) is a rare disease with a poor prognosis and one affecting dogs. Inflammatory breast carcinoma (IBC) is a subtype of malignant breast cancer in humans with a high degree of malignancy and a similarly poor prognosis. Since the clinical symptoms and prognoses of both are similar, canine IMC has been considered as a model of human IBC. In this study, we newly established a stable IMC-derived cell line from a patient at the Yamaguchi University Animal Medical Center in Japan. Material and Methods The patient was a female toy poodle presenting with an inflamed mammary gland, which was diagnosed as IMC. The cell line was established from a tissue biopsy. Surface antigen marker (CD24 and CD44) expression was determined. Cystine/glutamate antiporter (xCT) expression was determined by Western blotting, flow cytometry and fluorescence immunostaining, and sulfasalazine was administered to ascertain if it suppressed xCT expression. Stem cell marker (Nanog, Sox2, Myc and Klf4) expression and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity were also investigated. Results The cultured cells showed xCT, and its suppression showed downregulation of stem cell markers and ALDH activity. Stable cell proliferation was verified. Conclusion A new canine IMC-derived cell line was established. In the future, we aim to study the effect of xCT on the maintenance of cancer stem cell properties in canine tumours, and propose a new therapeutic method for the treatment of canine IMC by targeting xCT.
Optimal weighting for estimating generalized average treatment effects

Abstract In causal inference, a variety of causal effect estimands have been studied, including the sample, uncensored, target, conditional, optimal subpopulation, and optimal weighted average treatment effects. Ad hoc methods have been developed for each estimand based on inverse probability weighting (IPW) and on outcome regression modeling, but these may be sensitive to model misspecification, practical violations of positivity, or both. The contribution of this article is twofold. First, we formulate the generalized average treatment effect (GATE) to unify these causal estimands as well as their IPW estimates. Second, we develop a method based on Kernel optimal matching (KOM) to optimally estimate GATE and to find the GATE most easily estimable by KOM, which we term the Kernel optimal weighted average treatment effect. KOM provides uniform control on the conditional mean squared error of a weighted estimator over a class of models while simultaneously controlling for precision. We study its theoretical properties and evaluate its comparative performance in a simulation study. We illustrate the use of KOM for GATE estimation in two case studies: comparing spine surgical interventions and studying the effect of peer support on people living with HIV.
PetTrack: Tracking Pet Location and Activity Indoors

Tracking a pet’s location and activity indoors is of acute interest to pet owners who want to feel connected to their pet as well as of interest to pet owners who feel concerned about their pet’s well-being. Today, such tracking is performed using pet cameras. However, cameras need to be installed in every room accessible to the pet, do not work well in the dark, and generate a tremendous amount of data. In this paper we develop an indoor localization and pose detection system for pets using ultra-wideband (UWB) radios and an accelerometer affixed to the pet’s collar. We also develop a new message format for UWB packets to carry accelerometer data in addition to localization data to estimate the pet’s pose. Our pose-estimation logic detects the pet’s pose using accelerometer data via a K-nearest neighbor classifier. The pet’s location and pose is shown to the pet-owner via a functional mobile application. We believe this cost-effective and efficient new way of tracking a pet indoors will inspire others to extend this research further.
DIMMining: pruning-efficient and parallel graph mining on near-memory-computing

Graph mining, which finds specific patterns in the graph, is becoming increasingly important in various domains. We point out that accelerating graph mining suffers from the following challenges: (1) Heavy comparison for pruning: Pruning technique is widely used to reduce search space in graph mining. It applies constraints on vertex indices and involves massive index comparisons. (2) Low parallelism of set operations: The typical graph mining algorithms can be expressed as a series of set operations between neighbors of vertices, which suffer from low parallelism if vertices are streaming to the computation units. (3) Heavy data transfer: Graph mining needs to transfer intermediate data with two orders of magnitude larger than the original data volume between CPU and memory. To tackle these challenges, we propose DIMMining with four techniques from algorithm to architecture perspectives. The Index Pre-comparison scheme is proposed for efficient pruning. We introduce the self anchor and neighbor partition to enable pre-comparison for vertex indices. Thus, we can reduce comparisons during runtime. We propose a Flexible BCSR (Bitmap with Compressed Sparse Row) format to enable parallelism for set operations from the data structure perspective, which works on continuous vertices without memory space overheads. The Systolic Merge Array is designed to further explore the parallelism on discontinuous vertices from the architecture perspective. Then, we propose a DIMM-based Near-Memory-Computing architecture, which eliminates the large-volume data transfer between the computation and the memory. Extensive experimental results on real-world graphs show that DIMMining achieves 222.23X and 139.51X speedup compared with FPGAs and CPUs, and 3.61X speedup over the state-of-the-art graph mining architecture.
An Illustration of the False Memory Process Based on The Artificial Neural Networks Model

False memory is a common phenomenon in our daily life. This article discussed the situation of forming false memory in the three stages (encoding, consolidation, and retrieval) of memory formation. By combining the principles of Artificial Neural Networks, this article illustrated the formation of false memory in a readable and scientific way. This article first introduced the definition of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and some basic concepts of ANNs. Then discussed the similarities between the layers of ANNs and the three stages of false memory formation, and used the illustrating mode of Artificial Neural Networks to explain how false memory appeared in the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval stage. Finally, we used the serial reproduction experiment to explore the character of memory distortion (false memory) and found out that memory distortion has three characteristics: Symmetry, sharpening, and assimilation.
Abalone counting based on improved Faster R-CNN

Maintaining a reasonable culture density is a key element of abalone culture. In the early stage of aquaculture, when the individual size of abalone is small and the distribution is dense, the manual counting is slow and inaccurate. In this paper, based on the improved Faster R-CNN algorithm, the function of detecting and counting abalone individuals on farmed tiles was implemented. VGG16 is used as the backbone network for feature extraction, RPN network is used to generate suggestion box, and improved ROI pooling operation is adopted to make the algorithm more suitable for small-size abalone detection. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can detect abalone individuals in covered and shaded parts well.