Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Appendix C Optical Constants of Some Cu24

Tables C.1, C.2, C.3, C.4, and C.5 list the room-temperature values of the optical constants, ε = ε1 + iε2, n ∗ = n + ik, α, and R, for Cu2ZnSiSe4, Cu2ZnGeS4, Cu2ZnGeSe4, CZTS, and CZTSe, respectively. The complex optical constants in the interband transition region were determined by the SE measurements (Cu2ZnSiSe4 [1], Cu2ZnGeS4 [2], Cu2ZnGeSe4 [1], CZTS [3], and CZTSe [4]). The optical dispersion in the X-ray spectral region (E ≥ 30 eV) was obtained from Henke et al. [5]. A set of the optical constants not only in the transparent region but also in the opaque region were calculated using expressions in Section 6.1. 2. Note that the temperature dependence of ε(E) spectra for CZTSe determined by SE was also reported from T = 50 to 350 K by Choi et al. [6]. The refractive index n of semiconductors at energies below the direct band edge is one of the most important parameters in the design and evaluation of various optoelectronic devices, including solar cells, using these materials. Because of the lack of experimental data for the wide range of photon energies, we have to restrict ourselves to obtaining the n values in such an important spectral region by a numerical calculation. Ellipsometry is very sensitive to the condition of the sample surface (degree of surface roughness, thickness of oxide overlayer, etc.). Note that most of the Cu2–II–IV–VI4 semiconductors have been grown in the form of films with many grains and surface oxide overlayer on each grain. The reflected light from such sample surfaces greatly influences SE results. Thus, the dense or bulk optical constants have been usually obtained from the pseudodielectric function spectra measured by SE after mathematically removing such possible surface irregularities. The optical constants listed in Tables C.1, C.2, C.3, and C.4 were obtained without performing any mathematical correction. Li et al. [3], however, demonstrated an improved SE methodology with two-side measurement geometries to extract the complex dielectric function of the CZTS thin film deposited on a GE 124 fused quartz substrate, which gave (i) a good interface to the deposited film, as the surface roughness
State diagram and the phase transition of p bosons in a square bipartite optical lattice

It is shown that, in a reasonable approximation, the quantum state of $p$ bosons in a bipartite square two-dimensional optical lattice is governed by the nonlinear boson model describing tunneling of boson pairs between two orthogonal degenerate quasimomenta on the edge of the first Brillouin zone. The interplay between the lattice anisotropy and the atomic interactions leads to the second-order phase transition between the number-squeezed and coherent phase states of the $p$ bosons. In the isotropic case of the recent experiment [G. Wirth, M. \"Olschl\"ager, and A. Hemmerich, Nat. Phys. 7, 147 (2011)], the $p$ bosons are in the coherent phase state, where the relative global phase between the two quasimomenta is defined only up to mod($\ensuremath{\pi}$): $\ensuremath{\varphi}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\ensuremath{\pi}/2$. The quantum phase diagram of the nonlinear boson model is given.
Functional and Morphological Characteristics of the Retina of Patients with Drusen-like Deposits and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treated with Hydroxychloroquine: A Retrospective Study

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of drusen-like deposits (DLD) on retinal layer integrity and retinal function by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: We identified 66 eyes of 33 SLE patients treated with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) that were categorized into two groups according to whether DLDs were present (34 eyes, Group One) or absent (32 eyes, Group Two). The groups were matched for age, sex, HCQ treatment duration, daily, and cumulative dosage. OCT (retinal layer thicknesses, central retinal thickness, CRT) and mfERG concentric ring analysis were analyzed and compared. Results: CRT was significantly thicker in Group One compared to Group Two (273.21 ± 3.96 vs. 254.5 ± 7.62) (p = 0.023). Group One also demonstrated an overall thicker retinal pigment epithelium compared to Group Two; however, the other outer retinal layers, outer nuclear layer, and photoreceptor layer were found to be significantly thinner in Group One compared to Group Two. We found no differences in mfERG parameters between the two groups. Conclusions: DLDs in SLE patients lead to abnormal central retinal layer thickness, which has no measurable impact on cone-mediated retinal function assessed by mfERG.
Proceedings of the 12th International Coral Reef Symposium

[Extract from the Preface] The 12th International Coral Reef Symposium (ICRS 2012), held in Cairns, Queensland, Australia from July 9-13th, 2012, was attended by nearly 2000 delegates. The program included over 1500 talks and posters. We are pleased to present the Proceedings, which contains almost 200 contributions from scientists around the world arising from the Symposium. The Proceedings encompass a broad spectrum of coral reef science, and demonstrates a growing expansion from the biological and earth sciences to non-traditional disciplines, including the social sciences and economics. The trend in earlier ICRS Symposia, towards a larger contribution from the fields of conservation planning and management, continued in Cairns in 2012. The Symposium also included an increased focus on climate change and ocean acidification, as well as reef management and governance issues including the Coral Triangle Initiative. For the first time in the history of ICRS Symposia, the organizers of the meeting invited submission of manuscripts for peer review prior to the Symposium so that delegates could receive the Proceedings when they arrive at the Symposium. We hope the benefits of rapid publication will allow prompt dissemination of the latest breakthroughs in coral reef science, and stimulate further advances in the knowledge necessary for sustaining the world's coral reefs. An additional advantage of rapid publication is the benefit of immediately placing the Proceedings online on the ICRS 2012 website (http://www.icrs2012.com/), where it is freely accessible to a global audience. The Symposium website will also archive many other outcomes of ICRS 2012, including video recordings of the Plenary Talks. We thank the WorldFish Center in Penang, Malaysia, for agreeing to upload the ICRS 2012 Proceedings to ReefBase (http://www.reefbase.org) along with earlier ICRS Symposia.
Relationship between cariogenic bacteria and molar incisor hypomineralization in Brazilian schoolchildren

Background Teeth with defects in their structure, such as the ones affected by molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), are more susceptible to carious lesions. Caries is a complex and multifactorial disease highly prevalent in childhood. The present research evaluated the relationship between the stages of MIH and cariogenic bacteria in children. Methods After examining 566 schoolchildren, four groups of 10 children each were formed: healthy (G1), mild MIH (G2 and G3), and severe MIH + caries (G4). Dental biofilm was assessed to quantify Streptococcus mutans (SM) and Lactobacillus spp. (LB) using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results LB counting in biofilm samples of healthy children (G1) and those with mild MIH characterized by white opacities (G2) were not significantly different. The same happened when the ones with yellow opacities (G3) were compared with severe MIH + caries (G4) (P>0.05). The post hoc Tukey test proved that G4 had greater levels of SM and LB when compared with G2 (P<0.05); however, the control group did not diverge from the others considering SM (P>0.05). Increased LB enhanced the severity of MIH [rate ratio (RR): 7.706; P=0.035]. Conclusions LB was influenced by different degrees of MIH and the presence of caries and could guide clinical decisions and patients’ recommendations to prevent carious lesions in MIH children.
Semantics and complexity of SPARQL 1.1 property paths

ix RESUMEN . x
Some problems in probability theory

The thesis deals with three problems coming under the heading of probabilistic geometry . They are dealt with in three chapters. The first chapter is concerned with the angles formed by triples of independent, identically distributed points on a plane. The work is part of an investigation carried out by several workers and motivated by an archaeological problem concerning supposed collinearities formed by ancient sites. In the symmetric Gaussian case the joint distribution is found of two of the angles of the triangle. An integral is given for the density of a named angle in the case of a general Gaussian parent distribution. The asymptotic probability that the triangle has one very obtuse angle is discussed together with the changes that it undergoes when the parent distribution is "stretched". Finally bounds are obtained for this asymptotic probability when the parent distribution is one of a family of circularly symmetric distributions. The second chapter is about the way in which Brownian motion knots in 3-space. A new concept, that of a "knot-tube", is required because the self-intersecting character of Brownian motion in 3-space means the usual topological notion of a knot can not be applied. It is known that Brownian motion in 5-space and above has very simple topological behaviour, but the 4-space case is unsettled. A partial result is given for 4-space. The final chapter considers the topological behaviour of contours of two generalisations of Brownian motion to multidimensional time. The two generalisations are the Brownian sheet and the generalisation due to Levy. Boundedness of the contours of the Levy process is shown but no analogous result is known for the Brownian sheet. In both cases it is shown that almost surely the union of all non-trivial contours has zero measure. For topological reasons this union cannot be empty.
Appendix to : Algorithms for Graph-Constrained Coalition Formation in the Real World

Rahwan et al. [2011] also considered scenarios in which constraints enforce (or prohibit) the co-existence of agents in a coalition, introducing the problem of Constrained Coalition Formation (CCF) to adequately deal with these constraints. The authors also identify a natural, simpler subclass of CCF games, namely Basic CCF (BCCF) games, providing the state of the art algorithm for such problems. Formally, Rahwan et al. define a CCF game as a coalitional game together with a set of feasible coalition structures CS ⊆ Π(A). The input to a CCF problem is a CCF game and its objective is to identify the most valuable coalition structure which is feasible, i.e., CS∗ = arg maxCS∈CS V (CS). Furthermore, they identify a natural subclass of CCF games, namely Basic CCF (BCCF) games. A BCCF is a coalitional game together with: (i) a set of positive constrains P ⊆ 2A, (ii) a set of negative constraints N ⊆ 2A, and (iii) a set of allowed sizes S ⊆ N. A coalition C satisfies a positive constraint P ∈ P if P ⊆ C. A coalition C violates a negative constraint N ∈ N if N ⊆ C. The size of a coalition C is allowed if |C| ∈ S. In a BCCF game a coalition C is considered feasible if C satisfies at least one positive constraint, does not violate any negative constraint and its size is allowed. At first sight, it appears that the GCCF and the BCCF problems may be related, since they both focus on constrained CF. Moreover, it is easy to see that such classes are not disjoint, since unconstrained CF (i.e., a CCF game on which every coalition is feasible) can be represented both as a GCCF (taking a clique as its graph G) and as a BCCF (including in the set of positive constraints all the coalitions with one player). Nonetheless, we show that GCCF and BCCF are different problems and hence, the algorithm for BCCF provided by Rahwan et al. cannot be applied to GCCF.
Leveraging Segment-Anything model for automated zero-shot road width extraction from aerial imagery

Segment-Anything model (SAM) is a foundation segmentation model published in April 2023. Trained on an unprecedented 11 million annotated images, the model can generate segmented masks bearing clear-cut contours by integrating user-provided prompts. It is zero-shot transferable, requiring no task-specific training. Nevertheless, its applicability for geographic vision tasks has not been fully evaluated. There is no automated prompt-feeding method incorporating with SAM that can work efficiently for purposeful batch processing as well. To fill these gaps, we developed a process that can be executed automatically from visual-prompts extraction to road width measurement, utilizing OpenStreetMap (OSM) and SAM. By examining the quality of segmentation in various image contexts, we evaluated the capacity and limitations of SAM working on aerial imagery. Through comparing measured widths to VicRoads records, we validated the specially designed width-measuring algorithm for high precision and accuracy. After this process, prompt-indicated zero-shot approach in solving basic geographic vision tasks is to be shaped synchronously on both theory and application ends.
Colledge: a vision of collaborative knowledge networks

More and more semantic information has become available as RDF data recently, with the linked open data cloud as a prominent example. However, participating in the Semantic Web is cumbersome. Typically several steps are involved in using semantic knowledge. Information is first acquired, e.g. by information extraction, crowd sourcing or human experts. Then ontologies are published and distributed. Users may apply reasoning and otherwise modify their local ontology instances. However, currently these steps are treated separately and although each involves human effort, nearly no synergy effect is used and it is also mostly a one way process, e.g. user feedback hardly flows back into the main ontology version. Similarly, user cooperation is low. While there are approaches alleviating some of these limitations, e.g. extracting information at query time, personalizing queries, and integration of user feedback, this work combines all the pieces envisioning a social knowledge network that enables collaborative knowledge generation and exchange. Each aforementioned step is seen as a particular implementation of a network node responding to knowledge queries in its own way, e.g. by extracting it, applying reasoning or asking users, and learning from knowledge exchanged with neighbours. Original knowledge as well as user feedback is distributed over the network based on similar trust and provenance mechanisms. The extended query language we call for also allows for personalization.
High a-linolenic acid flaxseed ( Linurn usiiaiissimurn ) : some nutritional properties in humans

Although high a-linolenic acid flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) is one of the richest dietary sources of a-linolenic acid and is also a good source of soluble fibre mucilage, it is relatively unstudied in human nutrition. Healthy female volunteers consumed 50 g ground, raw flaxseed/d for 4 weeks which provided 12-13% of energy intake (24-25 g/100 g total fat). Flaxseed raised a-linolenic acid and long-chain 12-3 fatty acids in both plasma and erythrocyte lipids, as well as raising urinary thiocyanate excretion 2.2-fold. Flaxseed also lowered serum tcital cholesterol by 9 YO and low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol by 18 %. Changes in plasma a-linolenic acid were equivalent when 12 g a-linolenic acid/d was provided as raw flaxseed flour (50 g/d) or flaxseed oil (20 g/d) suggesting high bioavailability of a-linolenic acid from ground flaxseed. Test meals containing 50 g carbohydrate from flaxseed or 25 g flaxseed mucilage each significantly decreased postprandial blood glucose responses by 27 %. Malondialdehyde levels in muffins containing 1 5 g flaxseed oil or flour/kg were similar to those in wheat-flour muffins. Cyanogenic glycosides (hamarin, tinustatin, neolinustatin) were highest in extracted flaxseed mucilage but were not detected in baked muffins containing 150 g flaxseed/kg. We conclude that up to 50 g high-a-linolenic acid flaxseed/d is palatable, safe and may be nutritionally beneficial in humans by raising n-3 fatty acids in plasma and erythrocytes and by decreasing postprandial glucose responses. Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimunz) grown in Western Canada traditionally has a content of 2-linolenic acid (1 8 : 3n-3) > 50 g/ 100 g total fatty acids. Flaxseed oil and purified 18 : 3n-3 have been used in human studies primarily to treat overt symptoms of n-3 fatty acid deficiency, e.g. neurological and visual disturbances, scaly and haemorrhagic dermatitis, folliculitis of the scalp and growth retardation (Holman et al. 1982; Bjerve et ul. 1987a, 6 , 1989). Effects of cold-pressed flaxseed oil on serum lipids, fatty acid composition and platelet function in humans have also been reported (Owren et al. majority of these studies, large amounts of flaxseed oil (10-60 g/d) have been given, but often for 2 weeks or less (Dyerberg et al. 1980; Singer et al. 1984, 1986). 18: 3n-3 levels in serum and platelet phospholipids (PL) have generally been shown to rise with flaxseed oil supplementation. However, in only one report of healthy adults were eicosapentaenoic acid
Mechanisms and biological effects of mismatch repair.

INTRODUCTION . 229 LONG-PATCH MISMATCH CORRECTION . 231 Specificity of Methyl-Directed Mismatch Repair in E. coli. 231 Initiation of the Methyl-Directed Reaction . 233 The Excision Reaction in Methyl-Directed Repair . 235 Methyl-Directed Repair and Replication Fidelity . 238 mutHLSU Gene Products and the Recombination Heteroduplex. 239 Long-Patch. Strand-Specific Mismatch Repair in Eukaryotic Cells . 241 SHORT-PATCH MISMATCH REPAIR. 243 VSP Mismatch Correction in E. coli 243 MutY-Dependent G-A->G'C Mismatch Repair in E. coli . 244 ReeF-Dependent Resolution of Heteroduplex DNA in E. coli . 246 G-T->G' C Short-Patch Repair in Mammalian Cells . 246
Translating Algorithms to Handle Fully Homomorphic Encrypted Data on the Cloud

Cloud provides large shared resources where users (or foundations) can enjoy the facility of storing data or executing applications. In spite of gaining convenience of large resources, storing critical data in cloud is not secured. Hence, cloud security is an important issue to make cloud useful at the enterprise level. Data encryption is a primary solution for providing confidentiality to sensitive data. However, processing of encrypted data requires extra overhead, since repeated encryption-decryption need to be performed for every simple processing on encrypted data. Hence, direct processing on encrypted cloud data is advantageous, which is supported by homomorphic encryption schemes. Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) provides a method of performing arbitrary operations directly on encrypted data. This seemingly magical idea is a welcome to cloud computing. However, there are several challenges to overcome for making the technology viable in practical applications. In this paper, we make an initial effort to highlight the problem of translating algorithms that can run on unencrypted or normal data to those which operate on encrypted data. Here, we show that although FHE provides the ability to perform arbitrary computations, its complete benefit can only be obtained if they also allow to execute arbitrary algorithms on encrypted data. In this pursuit, we provide techniques to translate basic operators (like bitwise, arithmetic and relational operators), which are used for implementation of algorithms in any high level language like C. Subsequently, we address decision making and loop handling and related data structures which are vital to realize when the controlling variables are encrypted. Since, termination is a major challenge while handling encrypted data, we propose a method of handling termination by message passing between server and client.
American Association on Mental Retardation's Definition, Classification, and System of Supports and Its Relation to International Trends and Issues in the Field of Intellectual Disabilities

Abstract This article provides an overview of the 2002 American Association on Mental Retardation's (AAMR’s) Definition, Classification, and Systems of Supports (the 2002 System) and discusses its relationship to salient international trends and several scientific and judgmental issues currently impacting the field of intellectual disabilities (ID). Five significant international trends – ecologic perspective, disablement as a limitation in functioning, multidimensionality of ID, linking assessment to intervention, and the importance of clinical judgment – are identified and related to the 2002 System. The scientific and policy issues which impact definitional, classification, and intervention systems include: distinguishing among naming, defining, and classifying; answering the question, “what is a disability? ”; delineating the essential characteristics of the condition; determining the relationship between intelligence and adaptive behavior; and defining the class. The 2002 System is critiqued and discussed within the contemporary context of thinking about and supporting people with ID. The authors conclude that time will tell how effective the 2002 AAMR System is in meeting the challenge of defining the framework of ID and providing a universally applicable and effective model for the diagnosis, classification, and planning of supports for persons with ID.
Weight distributions for turbo codes using random and nonrandom permutations

This article takes a preliminary look at the weight distributions achievable for turbo codes using random, nonrandom, and semirandom permutations. Due to the recursiveness of the encoders, it is important to distinguish between self-terminating and non-self-terminating input sequences. The non-self-terminating sequences have little efiect on decoder performance, because they accumulate high encoded weight until they are artiflcially terminated at the end of the block. From probabilistic arguments based on selecting the permutations randomly, it is concluded that the self-terminating weight-2 data sequences are the most important consideration in the design of the constituent codes; higher-weight self-terminating sequences have successively decreasing importance. Also, increasing the number of codes and, correspondingly, the number of permutations makes it more and more likely that the bad input sequences will be broken up by one or more of the permuters. It is possible to design nonrandom permutations that ensure that the minimum distance due to weight-2 input sequences grows roughly as p 2 N, where N is the block length. However, these nonrandom permutations amplify the bad efiects of higher-weight inputs, and as a result they are inferior in performance to randomly selected permutations. But there are \semirandom" permutations that perform nearly as well as the designed nonrandom permutations with respect to weight-2 input sequences and are not as susceptible to being foiled by higher-weight inputs.