Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of the GFDL Ocean General Circulation Model to a Parameterization of Vertical Diffusion

Abstract A coarse resolution, primitive equation general circulation model with idealized geometry and forcing is used to explore sensitivity to the assumption that vertical diffusion depends upon local stability. A case with constant diffusivity is compared with a case in which the diffusivity is inversely proportional to the local Brunt-V frequency. The stability-dependent parameterization of vertical diffusivity yields a poleward heat flux similar to that of a small, constant diffusivity. However, this parameterization increases the mean temperature in the deep ocean by about 0.8°C and the strength of the meridional circulation by over 40%. In addition, the stability-dependent diffusivity is found to increase the stratification in the deep ocean. The experiments suggest that it may be possible to calibrate the rate of deep-water formation of general circulation models, without affecting the poleward heat transport, by varying the magnitude of the vertical diffusivity below the thermocline. The explicit.
White spot lesions after orthodontic treatment assessed by clinical photographs and by quantitative light-induced fluorescence imaging; a retrospective study

Abstract Objective. White spot lesions (WSL) are an important side-effect of orthodontic multi-bracket (MB) treatment. Standardized monitoring of such WSL may help in caries management. Materials and methods. In this retrospective study the discriminatory power of caries assessment on routine digital oral photographs was compared to quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) imaging in monitoring WSL development after debonding of orthodontic appliances. Oral and QLF photographs captured directly after debond (T1) and 1 year thereafter (T2) of 51 subjects, treated with full MB orthodontic appliances were used. Oral photographs were assessed by use of The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) at both time points independently and by side-by-side comparison to assess visual transition (VT). QLF photographs were categorized based on integrated fluorescence loss at T1 and T2. Results. At T1 433 and 384 lesions on 918 buccal surfaces were detected using ICDAS and QLF, respectively. For both methods these numbers were reduced at T2. Changes within ICDAS scores were recorded by VT and showed mainly lesion improvement within ICDAS score 2. Conclusion. The oral and QLF photographs both showed regression of WSL after debonding of MB orthodontic appliances. The VT evaluation was found to have higher discriminatory power in comparison to ICDAS.
Operational readiness for the atmospheric infrared sounder (AIRS) on the Earth Observing System Aqua spacecraft

The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder project will measure global atmospheric water vapor and temperature with unprecedented resolution and accuracy. AIRS is an infrared instrument covering 3.7-15.4 microns in 2378 IR channels. This paper describes the AIRS mission and science objectives, the instrument design and operation, the calibration plan, the in-flight operational scenario and the Science Processing System. All aspects of the program are addressed here to demonstrate that the AIRS program is ready to transition to the flight segment of the program. The AIRS instrument meets the majority of instrument design requirements established in order to meet the scientific objectives. A well-defined operational approach has been established, and a sound calibration plan has been developed to ensure optimal performance throughout the life of the mission.
Expanded Distribution and Predicted Suitable Habitat for the Critically Endangered Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey (Lagothrix flavicauda) in Peru

The Tropical Andes Biodiversity Hotspot holds a remarkable number of species at risk of extinction due to anthropogenic habitat loss, hunting and climate change. One of these species, the Critically Endangered yellow-tailed woolly monkey (Lagothrix flavicauda), was recently sighted in Junín region, 206 kilometres south of its previously known distribution. The range extension, combined with continued habitat loss, calls for a re-evaluation of the species’ distribution and available suitable habitat. Here, we present novel data from surveys at 53 sites in the regions of Junín, Cerro de Pasco, Ayacucho and Cusco. We encountered L. flavicauda at 9 sites, all in Junín, and the congeneric L. l. tschudii at 20 sites, but never in sympatry. Using these new localities along with all previous geographic localities for the species, we made predictive Species Distribution Models based on Ecological Niche Modelling using a generalized linear model and maximum entropy. Each model incorporated bioclimatic variables, forest cover, vegetation measurements, and elevation as predictor variables. Model evaluation showed >80% accuracy for all measures. Precipitation was the strongest predictor of species presence. Habitat suitability maps illustrate potential corridors for gene flow between the southern and northern populations, although much of this area is inhabited by L. l. tschudii. An analysis of the current protected area (PA) network showed ∼47% of remaining suitable habitat is unprotected. With this, we suggest priority areas for new protected areas or expansions to existing reserves that would conserve potential corridors between L. flavicauda populations. Further surveys and characterization of the distribution in intermediate areas, combined with studies on genetic flow, are still needed to protect this species.
Chapter 4: Familial longevity is marked by enhanced insulin sensitivity

A key question in aging research is whether the extreme effects of altered insulin signaling on lifespan observed in model organisms can be translated to humans. We aimed to compare the relation between insulin and glucose and tissue specific insulin action between subjects from long-lived families and controls. Non-fasted serum data were analyzed in 1838 subjects and a two step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was performed in 24 subjects, comprising offspring from long-lived siblings and their partners. Clamp participants were aged 52-72 years, healthy, non-smoking, non-obese, and groups were similar with regard to sex distribution, age, exercise, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, and fasting glucose and insulin levels. Higher glucose infusion rate was required to maintain euglycemia during high dose insulin infusion (p = 0.036) in offspring from long-lived siblings, reflecting higher whole body insulin sensitivity. After adjustment for sex, age and fat mass, the insulin-mediated glucose disposal rate was higher in offspring than in controls (42.5 ± 2.7 vs. 33.2 ± 2.7 µmol/kg*min, mean ± SE, p=0.025). The capacity of insulin to suppress endogenous glucose production and lipolysis did not differ between groups (all p > 0.05). Furthermore, glucose disposal rate was significantly correlated with the mean age of death of the parents. In conclusion, subjects from long-lived families are marked by enhanced insulin sensitivity and mimic the phenotype found in mammalian models with genetic disruption of IGF-1/insulin signal transduction. These observations allow for identifying biomolecular mechanisms to promote health in old age. of glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-) cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, and background enrichment of [6,6-2 H 2 ]-glucose and [ 2 H 5 ]-glycerol. At primed mol/kg) (0.22 µ mol/kg per minute) infusion of [6,6- 2 H 2 ]-glucose (enrichment 99.9%; mol/kg per infusion of 2 H 5 ]-glycerol (Cambridge Isotopes) three at min-intervals the determination of glucose, insulin, glycerol, triglycerides, FFA’s
Interaction between terrestrial plasma sheet electrons and the lunar surface: SELENE (Kaguya) observations

Analysis of the data obtained by SELENE (Kaguya) revealed a partial loss in the electron velocity distribution function due to the “gyro‐loss effect”, namely gyrating electrons being absorbed by the lunar surface. The Moon enters the Earth's magnetosphere for a few days around full moon, where plasma conditions are significantly different from those in the solar wind. When the magnetic field is locally parallel to the lunar surface, relatively high‐energy electrons in the terrestrial plasma sheet with Larmor radii greater than SELENE's orbital height strike the lunar surface and are absorbed before they can be detected. This phenomenon can be observed as an empty region in the electron distribution function, which is initially isotropic in the plasma sheet, resulting in a non‐gyrotropic distribution. We observed the expected characteristic electron distributions, as well as an empty region that was consistent with the presence of a relatively strong electric field (∼10 mV/m) around the Moon when it is in the plasma sheet.
Three-Dimensional in vivo Motion Analysis of Knee Joint Laxity under Torsional Loading

Excessive knee joint laxity is often used as an indicator of joint disease or injury such as rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Although the ACL has been shown to contribute to rotational stability of the knee, clinical assessment devices are currently limited to anterior-posterior drawer measurements. The objective of this work was to design a methodolo gy whereby in vivo knee joint kinematics could be evaluated in three dimensions using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) t o eliminate soft tissue artefact while still maintaining a noninvasive procedure. An MRI compatible device is securely fastened to th e outer frame of the open MR magnet and has been designed to admi nister a torque in the transverse plane while the subject’s knee is being imaged. The rotational torque is applied manually t o the foot and shank; the magnitude is measured using a strain-gau ge. Additional rotation in the coronal and sagittal planes (up to 15° of abduction-adduction and 80° of flexion) is also permitted. When the predetermined torque has been reached, the foot is clamped in place and the strain gauge is disconnect d prior to imaging, preventing image distortion. The 3D T1-weighted sequence of the commercial 0.2 Tesl a MRI generates 50 contiguous slices of less than 2 mm th ickness (256 × 256 matrix). This 3D image volume is acquired in les s than 5 minutes. Segment coordinate systems are defined for both the f mur and tibia based on the 3D positions of easily identifia ble landmarks on the MR images. 3D rotations and translations of the tibia with respect to the femur are calculated by comparing th e transformation matrices before and after torque are applied. This system used to measure in vivo non-weight-bearing knee joint kinematics is non-invasive, avoids soft tissu e artefact during the 3D measurements, and permits soft tissue visual ization beneficial in clinical assessment. Keywords— knee joint laxity; magnetic resonance imagi n (MRI); three-dimensional (3D) kinematics; measuremen t system; anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Adapting to Climate Change

Adapting to climate change is a critical problem facing humanity. This involves reconsidering our lifestyles, and is linked to our actions as individuals, societies and governments. This book presents top science and social science research on whether the world can adapt to climate change. Written by experts, both academics and practitioners, it examines the risks to ecosystems, demonstrating how values, culture and the constraining forces of governance act as barriers to action. As a review of science and a holistic assessment of adaptation options, it is essential reading for those concerned with responses to climate change, especially researchers, policymakers, practitioners, and graduate students. Significant features include historical, contemporary, and future insights into adaptation to climate change; coverage of adaptation issues from different perspectives: climate science, hydrology, engineering, ecology, economics, human geography, anthropology and political science; and contributions from leading researchers and practitioners from around the world.
Seismic Interface Waves in Coastal Waters: A Review

Abstract : The basic elements of seismic wave propagation in the upper sea floor are presented, special emphasis being devoted to the often-neglected interface phenomena (Scholte- and Stoneley waves). The most important theoretical approaches to the seismic sensing of waterborne sound are discussed briefly and a great deal of the pertinent field work since World War II is reviewed. Some guidelines are given for future research activities in this interdisciplinary field, which combines the low-frequency regime of underwater acoustics and the high-frequency regime of seismology. An extensive bibliography is provided.
Hidden genetic variation in plasticity provides the potential for rapid adaptation to novel environments.

Rapid environmental change is forcing populations into novel environments where plasticity will no longer maintain fitness. When populations are exposed to novel environments, evolutionary theory predicts that genetic variation in fitness will increase and should be associated with genetic differences in plasticity. If true, then genetic variation in plasticity can increase adaptive potential in novel environments, and population persistence via rapid adaptation is more likely. To test whether genetic variation in fitness increases in novel environments and is associated with plasticity, we transplanted 8,149 clones of 314 genotypes of a Sicilian daisy (Senecio chrysanthemifolius) within and outside its native range, and quantified genetic variation in fitness, and plasticity in leaf traits and gene expression. Although mean fitness declined by 87% in the novel environment, genetic variance in fitness increased threefold and was correlated with plasticity in leaf traits. High fitness genotypes showed greater plasticity in gene expression, but lower plasticity in most leaf traits. Interestingly, genotypes with greater fitness in the novel environment had the lowest fitness at the native site. These results suggest that standing genetic variation in plasticity could help populations to persist and adapt to novel environments, despite remaining hidden in native environments.
Hidden genetic variation in plasticity provides the potential for rapid adaptation to novel 1 environments 2 3

Hidden genetic variation in plasticity provides the potential for rapid adaptation to novel 1 environments 2 3 Greg M. Walter1,2*, James Clark1,3, Delia Terranova4, Salvatore Cozzolino5, Antonia Cristaudo4, 4 Simon J. Hiscock3 and Jon R. Bridle1,6 5 6 1University of Bristol, School of Biological Sciences, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK 7 2Current address: Monash University, School of Biological Sciences, Melbourne 3800, Australia 8 3University of Oxford, Department of Plant Sciences, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK 9 4University of Catania, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, 10 Catania 95128, Italy 11 5University of Naples Federico II, Department of Biology, Naples 80126, Italy 12 6Current address: University College London, Department of Genetics, Evolution and 13 Environment, London WC1E 6BT, UK 14 15 16 * Corresponding Author: Greg M. Walter 17 Email: greg.walter@monash.edu 18 19
A continuous time random walk approach to the stream transport of solutes

The transport of solutes in rivers is influenced by the exchange of water between the river and the underlying hyporheic zone. The residence times of solutes in the hyporheic zone are typically much longer than traveltimes in the stream, resulting in a significant delay in the downstream propagation of solutes. A new model for this process is proposed here on the basis of the continuous time random walk (CTRW) approach. The CTRW is a generalization of the classic random walk that can include arbitrary distributions of waiting times, and it is particularly suited to deal with the long residence times arising from hyporheic exchange. Inclusion of suitable hyporheic residence time distributions in the CTRW leads to a generalized advection‐dispersion equation for in‐stream concentration breakthrough curves that includes the effects of specific hyporheic exchange processes. Here examples are presented for advective hyporheic exchange resulting from regular and irregular series of bedforms. A second major advantage of the CTRW approach is that the combined effects of different processes affecting overall downstream transport can be incorporated in the model by convolving separate waiting time distributions for each relevant process. The utility of this approach is illustrated by analyzing the effects of local‐scale sediment heterogeneity on bedform‐induced hyporheic exchange. The ability to handle arbitrarily wide residence time distributions and the ability to assess the combined effects of multiple transport processes makes the CTRW model framework very useful for the study of solute transport problems in rivers. The model presented here can be easily extended to represent different types of surface‐subsurface exchange processes and the transport of both conservative and nonconservative substances in rivers.
Fusion of Face and Speech Data for Person Identity Verification Fusion of Face and Speech Data for Person Identity Verification

Multi-modal person identity authentication is gaining more and more attention in the biometrics area. Combining diierent modalities increases the performance and robustness of identity authentication systems. The authentication problem is a binary classiication problem. The fusion of diierent modalities can be therefore performed by binary classiiers. We propose to evaluate diierent binary classiication schemes (SVM, MLP, C4.5, Fisher's linear discriminant, Bayesian classiier) on a large database (295 subjects) containing audio and video data. The identity authentication is based on two modalities: face and speech.
New radiocarbon dates from sapropels in three Holocene lakes of the Coorong coastal plain, southeastern Australia

The Holocene calcareous mudstone successions of numerous shallow coastal lakes in the Coorong region of southeastern South Australia include prominent organic-rich intervals (0.01 – 1 m thick; total organic carbon >2%), herein termed sapropels. New radiocarbon dates (n = 25) on bulk organic matter in single cores from three such lakes indicate that these sapropels are older in North Stromatolite Lake, part of the Salt Creek lake chain, than 100 km further south in the Robe Range at Old Man Lake and Lake Amy. The onset of sapropel deposition in North Stromatolite Lake at ca 6400 cal y BP marked its isolation from the open Coorong Lagoon, whereas in Old Man Lake, the onset of sapropel formation at ca 4000 cal y BP coincided with the transition from lagoonal to perennial lacustrine conditions as the sea withdrew from the interdunal Robe – Woakwine corridor. In contrast, the depocentre at Lake Amy was never directly connected to the marine system. Here, organic matter from near the base of the lowermost sapropel, dated at ca 4100 cal y BP, provides a minimum age for the onset of lacustrine conditions. Sapropel deposition recorded thus far in these lacustrine sequences ceased earlier in North Stromatolite Lake (ca 5000 cal y BP) than in Old Man Lake (ca 2600 cal y BP) and Lake Amy (ca 1900 cal y BP). This may simply reflect a marked local climatic gradient (drier in the north, wetter in the south). Alternatively, it may indicate that these shallow lacustrine sapropels, unlike their marine and deep-lake counterparts, do not form only during times of high precipitation but may be triggered by other processes such as the enhanced aeolianite influx associated with aridification.
Aggressiveness in depression: A neglected symptom possibly associated to bipolarity and mixed features

Objective: To evaluate aggressiveness during a major depressive episode (MDE) and its relationship with bipolar disorder (BD) in a post-hoc analysis of the BRIDGE-II-MIX study. Method: A total of 2,811 individuals were enrolled in this multicenter cross-sectional study. MDE patients with (MDE-A, n=399) and without aggressiveness (MDE-N, n=2,412) were compared through Chi-square test or Student’s t-test. A stepwise backward logistic regression model was performed. Results: MDE-A group was more frequently associated with BD (p<0.001) whilst aggressiveness was negatively correlated with unipolar depression (p<0.001). At the logistic regression aggressiveness was associated with: the age at first depressive episode (p<0.001); the severity of mania (p=0.03); the diagnosis of BD (p=0.001); comorbid borderline personality disorder (BPD) (p<0.001) but not substance abuse (p=0.63); no current psychiatric treatment (p<0.001); psychotic symptoms (p=0.007); the marked social/occupational impairment (p=0.002). The variable most significantly associated with aggressiveness was the presence of DSM-5 mixed features (p<0.001, OR=3.815). After the exclusion of BPD, the variable of lifetime suicide attempts became significant (p=0.013, OR=1.405). Conclusion: Aggressiveness seems to be significantly associated with bipolar spectrum disorders, independently from BPD and substance abuse. Aggressiveness should be considered as a diagnostic criterion for the mixed features specifier and a target of tailored treatment strategy.
SIVmac and SIVstm Primate Centers Unravels the Origin of Immunodeficiency Virus SIVsm in U . S . Molecular Epidemiology of Simian

10.1128/JVI.79. 14.8991-9005.2005. 2005, 79(14):8991. DOI: J. Virol. A. Marx Lackner, Bobby Gormus, David L. Robertson and Preston Plauche, Ronald S. Veazey, Harold McClure, Andrew A. Traina-Dorge, Tessa Williams, Silvija Staprans, Gail Shelley Falkenstein, Rudolf Bohm, Jeffrey Koehler, Vicki Michael Metzger, Ivona Pandrea, Johnny Hardcastle, Cristian Apetrei, Amitinder Kaur, Nicholas W. Lerche, SIVmac and SIVstm Primate Centers Unravels the Origin of Immunodeficiency Virus SIVsm in U.S. Molecular Epidemiology of Simian
Análisis del uso de los conceptos de público, stakeholder y constituent en el marco teórico de las relaciones públicas Analysis of the Use of the Concepts Public, Stakeholder and Constituent in the Theoretical Framework of Public Relations

Thisarticlereviewstheuseoftheconceptspublic,stakeholderandconstituent in the theoretical area of public relations, clarifying the possible mea ningsofeachtermandevaluatingtheirrelationshipandutilityforthediscipline. In accordance with the proposal developed, the study advises against the useofthetermconstituentandproposesthattheconceptofstakeholdershould beemployedtorefertothegroupsthatareinastateofpermanentrelationship withtheorganisation,reservingtheideaofthepublicforthesituationalgroups thatemergeinandaroundspecificcircumstancesorissues.
VU Research Portal Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair

Objective: to evaluate the deliverability, deployment, and acute performance of a modular branched endograft system in a human cadaver circulation model. Methods: A circulation model was created in 6 non-aneurysmal human cadavers. Two fenestrations were created in an appropriately sized branched aortic endograft system. Under fluoroscopic guidance, the main endograft was advanced to the target site and the fenestrations were aligned with the ostia of the renal arteries. Branch grafts were placed through the fenestrations into the renal arteries. The outcome was evaluated by post implant angiography and autopsy. Results: Eleven branch grafts were deployed at the target site. All targeted renal arteries showed good patency. At autopsy, all main endografts were adequately deployed, and 10 of 11 branch grafts were locked in place. Conclusion: In this model, deliverability and deployment of the modular branch graft system is feasible in a reliable, predictable, and timely fashion.