Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal Estimation of States in Quantum Image Processing

An optimal estimator of quantum states based on a modified Kalman Filter is presented in this work. Such estimator acts after state measurement, allowing to obtain an optimal estimation of quantum state resulting in the output of any quantum image algorithm. Besides, a new criteria, logic, and arithmetic based on projections onto vertical axis of Bloch Sphere exclusively are presented too. This approach will allow us: 1) a simpler development of logic and arithmetic quantum operations, where they will closer to those used in the classical digital image processing algorithms, 2) building simple and robust classical-to-quantum and quantum-to-classical interfaces. Said so far is extended to quantum algorithms outside image processing too. In a special section on metrics and simulations, three new metrics based on the comparison between the classical and quantum versions algorithms for filtering and edge detection of images are presented. Notable differences between the results of classical and quantum versions of such algorithms (outside and inside of quantum computer, respectively) show the need for modeling state and measurement noise inside estimation scheme.
Non-Pharmacological Interventions for the Hallucinations in Patients with Dementia. A Cross-Over Randomized Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVE Hallucinations is a core characteristic symptom in Lewy Body Dementia (DLB) and Parkinson’s Dementia (PDD). It may also appear at the late stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). They are not easily managed, and they are associated with cognitive decline, earlier institutionalization, increased mortality, and increased caregivers’ burden. DESIGN/SETTING This is a cross-over RCT. The participants were randomly assigned in 6 different groups of 10 patients each. PARTICIPANTS 60 dementia patients (different types and stages of dementia). INTERVENTIONS The three non-pharmacological interventions used are: A) Validation therapy (VT) in a Psycho-educational program, B) Reminiscence therapy (RT) and C) Music therapy (MT). Each intervention lasted for 5 days and there was an interval of two days, as a wash-out period (all the interventions had a duration of 3 weeks). MEASUREMENTS The measurements which were used at baseline were: MMSE, ACE-R, GDS, FRSDD and NPI questionnaire at baseline and after each intervention. RESULTS The most effective combination for the reduction of the hallucinations is: VT/Psycho-educational program (p = 0.005), MT (p = 0.007) and RT (p = 0.022). The same combination applies for the caregivers’ distress: VT/Psychoeducational program (p = 0.010) - MT (p = 0.023) - RT (p = 0.036). CONCLUSION VT/Psycho-educational program followed by MT, followed by RT is an effective combination of non-pharmacological interventions that can reduce hallucinations in patients with dementia and caregivers’ burden. Non-pharmacological interventions should be further examined as an effective alternative for the reduction of the hallucinations in dementia.
an interface between the loss of neuroplasticity and depression Frontiers in

Depression has been widely accepted as a major psychiatric disease affecting nearly 350 million people worldwide. Research focus is now shifting from studying the extrinsic and social factors of depression to the underlying molecular causes. Microglial activity is shown to be associated with pathological conditions, such as psychological stress, pathological aging, and chronic infections. These are primary immune effector cells in the CNS and regulate the extensive dialogue between the nervous and the immune systems in response to different immunological, physiological, and psychological stressors. Studies have suggested that during stress and pathologies, microglia play a signiﬁcant role in the disruption of neuroplasticity and have detrimental effects on neuroprotection causing neuroinﬂammation and exacerbation of depression. After a systematic search of literature databases, relevant articles on the microglial regulation of bidirectional neuroimmune pathways affecting neuroplasticity and leading to depression were reviewed. Although, several hypotheses have been proposed for the microglial role in the onset of depression, it is clear that all molecular pathways to depression are linked through microglia-associated neuroinﬂammation and hippocampal degeneration. Molecular factors such as an excess of glucocorticoids and changes in gene expression of neurotrophic factors, as well as neuro active substances secreted by gut microbiota have also been shown to affect microglial morphology and phenotype resulting in depression. This review aims to critically analyze the various molecular pathways associated with the microglial role in depression. cancer, systemic,
The Abelian sandpile : a mathematical introduction

We give a simple rigourous treatment of the classical results of the abelian sandpile model. Although we treat results which are well-known in the physics literature, in many cases we did not find complete proofs in the literature. The paper tries to fill the gap between the mathematics and the physics literature on this subject, and also presents some new proofs. It can also serve as an introduction to the model.
New Insights into cytotoxic metabolites produced by Streptomyces griseus isolate KJ623766: Large scale production, structure elucidation and biological activities CURRENT

Natural products particularly microbial metabolites have been the mainstay of cancer chemotherapy and are likely to provide many of the lead structures and derivatives with new biological activities. In this research, the production of some potential cytotoxic metabolites from Streptomyces (S.) griseus isolate KJ623766 was carried out in 14 L laboratory fermenter under specified optimum conditions (28°C temperature, 200 RPM rotation speed, uncontrolled PH, 3 vvm aeration and 2 bar airflow pressure). After 72 hrs of incubation, the cell free culture supernatant (CFCS) was collected and extracted using ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v) at pH 7.0. Using 3-(4,5-dimethylthazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium-bromide (MTT) assay, the cytotoxic activity of the ethyl acetate extract against Caco2 and Hela cancer cell lines was determined with CD50 of 14 µg/ml and 20 µg/ml, respectively. Bioassay guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract using different chromatographic techniques had led to the purification of the cytotoxic metabolites coded W1, R1 and R2 with reproducible amounts of 20, 5, and 1.5 mg/l, respectively. The structures of respective metabolites were determined based on the mass, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis and were identified as genistein, β-rhodomycinone and γ- rhodomycinone, respectively. Accordingly, S. griseus isolate KJ623766 can be used as a potential industrial strain for the commercial production of the isoflavonoid genistein, as well as for the production of β-and γ- rhodomycinone to be used for the construction of new derivatives with more potent cytotoxic activities of the anthracycline family. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the production of the isoflavonoid genistein by S. griseus KJ623766.
A Benchmarking Criteria for the Evaluation of OLAP Tools

— Generating queries on Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) tools for complex analysis is a difficult assignment for the novice users. To compose accurate OLAP queries for fulfilling demand, technical knowledge about schema and the data is required. This deficiency can be covered by providing an easy design for OLAP tool for the purpose of querying. In this paper, a scheme is proposed for comparison of the OLAP tools to identify easy and standardized aspects. For this purpose, seven parameters have been used which are interface, query, drill-down options, roll-up options, aggregation function support, data access and performance. For experimental analysis, two tools SQL Server and MicroStrategy Express have been evaluated based on the proposed parameters. The benefits and drawbacks of the standardization of tools for non-technical users have been identified.
Energy self-sufﬁciency and network support through photovoltaic and energy storage systems owned by private investors in a residential complex of residential rooftop photovoltaic (RPV)

The concept of community solar projects (CSPs) implies immense technical and economic incentives, but has not been widely adopted because of the investment risks. In this context, solar leasing can be very attractive and can lead to signiﬁcant uptakes of residential rooftop photovoltaic (RPV) systems. This paper proposes solar leasing as an option to realize a CSP for a multi-housing residential complex. Under the proposed approach, a company will lease the roof of some residential premises for installing and operating RPV systems, and selling the generated electricity to the community and the utility. The key considered design parameters are the rating and penetration level of RPV systems, as well as the capacity and the charge/discharge rate of the employed battery energy storage systems, in addition to the number of the houses that have leased their roofs and the energy trading tariffs. The impacts of these parameters on supporting the utility feeder such as network peak demand shaving and ﬂattening the duck curve proﬁle, while achieving the required level of self-sufﬁciency for the multi-housing complex are studied. These performance indicators have been also analyzed with respect to the economic parameters of the investing company.
The Tunka-133 EAS Chrenkov array - status, first results and plans

The new EAS Cherenkov array Tunka-133 with about 1 km**2 geometric acceptance area is installed in the Tunka Valley (50 km from Lake Baikal). The array willpermit a detailed study of cosmic ray energy spectrum and mass composition in the energy range of 10**15 - 10**18 eV with uniform method. The array consistsof 19 clusters, each composed of 7 optical detectors with 20 cm PMTs. Since November 2008, the first 12 clusters are in operation, commissioning of the whole array is planned for September 2009 (At the time of submission of this paperto electronic arXiv(February 2010) the completed Tunka-133 array is already taking data). We describe the array construction and DAQ, preliminary results and plans for the future development: deployment of radio-antennas and muon detectors network.
Food for Thought: Preparing the Brain to Eat New Foods through “Messy” Play

 Abstract — Many children often experience phases of picky eating, food aversions and/or avoidance. For families with children who have special needs, these experiences are often exacerbated, which can lead to feelings that negatively impact a caregiver’s relationship with their child. Within the scope of speech language pathology practice, knowledge of both emotional and feeding development is key. This paper will explore the significance of “messy play” within typical feeding development, and the challenges that may arise if a child does not have the opportunity to engage in this type of exploratory play. This paper will consider several contributing factors that can result in a “picky eater. ” Further, research has shown that individuals with special needs, including autism, possess a neurological makeup that differs from that of a typical individual. Because autism is a disorder of relating and communicating due to differences in the limbic system, an individual with special needs may respond to a typical feeding experience as if it is a traumatic event. As a result, broadening one’s dietary repertoire may seem to be an insurmountable challenge. This paper suggests that introducing new foods through exploratory play can help broaden and strengthen diets, as well as improve the feeding experience, of individuals with autism. The DIRFloortime Ⓡ methodology stresses the importance of following a child's lead. Within this developmental model, there is a special focus on a person’s individual differences, including the unique way they process the world around them, as well as the significance of therapy occurring within the context of a strong and motivating relationship. Using this child-centered approach, we can support our children in expanding their diets, while simultaneously building upon their cognitive and creative development through playful and respectful interactions that include exposure to foods that differ in color, texture, and smell. Further, this paper explores the importance of exploration, self-feeding and messy play on brain development, both in the context of typically developing individuals and those with disordered development.
The Topological Entropy Conjecture

For a compact Hausdorff space X, let J be the ordered set associated with the set of all finite open covers of X such that there exists nJ, where nJ is the dimension of X associated with ∂. Therefore, we have Hˇp(X;Z), where 0≤p≤n=nJ. For a continuous self-map f on X, let α∈J be an open cover of X and Lf(α)={Lf(U)|U∈α}. Then, there exists an open fiber cover L˙f(α) of Xf induced by Lf(α). In this paper, we define a topological fiber entropy entL(f) as the supremum of ent(f,L˙f(α)) through all finite open covers of Xf={Lf(U);U⊂X}, where Lf(U) is the f-fiber of U, that is the set of images fn(U) and preimages f−n(U) for n∈N. Then, we prove the conjecture logρ≤entL(f) for f being a continuous self-map on a given compact Hausdorff space X, where ρ is the maximum absolute eigenvalue of f*, which is the linear transformation associated with f on the Čech homology group Hˇ*(X;Z)=⨁i=0nHˇi(X;Z).
Review Food processing and allergenicity

Food processing can have many beneﬁcial effects. However, processing may also alter the allergenic prop- erties of food proteins. A wide variety of processing methods is available and their use depends largely on the food to be processed. In this review the impact of processing (heat and non-heat treatment) on the allergenic potential of proteins, and on the antigenic (IgG-binding) and allergenic (IgE-binding) properties of proteins has been considered. A variety of allergenic foods (peanuts, tree nuts, cows’ milk, hens’ eggs, soy, wheat and mustard) have been reviewed. The overall conclusion drawn is that processing does not completely abolish the allergenic potential of allergens. Currently, only fermentation and hydrolysis may have potential to reduce allergenicity to such an extent that symptoms will not be elicited, while other methods might be promising but need more data. Literature on the effect of processing on allergenic potential and the ability to induce sensi- tisation is scarce. This is an important issue since processing may impact on the ability of proteins to cause the acquisition of allergic sensitisation, and the subject should be a focus of future research. Also, there remains a need to develop robust and integrated methods for the risk assessment of food allergenicity.
Neutral Higgs-pair production at Linear Colliders within the general 2HDM: quantum eﬀects and triple Higgs boson self-interactions

The pairwise production of neutral Higgs bosons (h 0 A 0 , H 0 A 0 ) is analyzed in the context of the future linear colliders, such as the ILC and CLIC, within the general Two-Higgs-Doublet Model (2HDM). The corresponding cross-sections are computed at the one-loop level, including the full set of contributions at order O ( α 3 ew ) together with the leading O ( α 4 ew ) terms, in full compliance with the current phenomenological bounds and the stringent theoretical constraints inherent to the consistency of the model. We uncover regions across the 2HDM parameter space, mainly for low tan β ∼ 1 and moderate – and negative – values of the relevant λ 5 parameter, wherein the radiative corrections to the Higgs-pair production cross section, σ (e + e − → A 0 h 0 / A 0 H 0 ), can comfortably reach | δσ | /σ ∼ 50%. This behavior can be traced back to the enhancement capabilities of the trilinear Higgs self-interactions – a trademark feature of the 2HDM, with no counterpart in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). The corrections are strongly dependent on the actual value of λ 5 as well as on the Higgs mass spectrum. Interestingly enough, the quantum eﬀects are positive for energies around √ s ≃ 500 GeV, thereby producing a signiﬁcant enhancement in the expected number of events precisely around the ﬁducial startup energy of the ILC. The Higgs-pair production rates can be substantial, typically a few tens of femtobarn, therefore amounting to a few thousand events per 100 fb − 1 of integrated luminosity. In contrast, the corrections are negative in the highest energy range (viz. √ s ∼ 1 TeV and above). We conclude that a precise measurement of the 2H ﬁnal states could carry unambiguous footprints of an extended (non-supersymmetric) Higgs sector. Finally, to better assess the scope of these eﬀects, we compare the exclusive pairwise production of Higgs bosons with the inclusive gauge boson fusion channels leading to 2 H + X ﬁnal states, and also with the exclusive triple Higgs boson production. We ﬁnd that these multiparticle ﬁnal states can be highly complementary in the overall Higgs bosons search strategy.
Effects of CXCL10 on Dendritic Cell and CD4 (cid:1) T-Cell Functions during Leishmania amazonensis Infection (cid:1)

Leishmania amazonensis can cause progressive disease in most inbred strains of mice. We have previously reported that treatment with CXCL10 activates macrophage (M (cid:1) ) effector function(s) in parasite killing and signiﬁcantly delays lesion development in susceptible C57BL/6 mice via enhanced gamma interferon (IFN- (cid:2) ) and interleukin 12 (IL-12) secretion; however, the mechanism underlying this enhanced immunity against L. amazonensis infection remains largely unresolved. In this study, we utilized stationary promastigotes to infect bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) of C57BL/6 mice and assessed the activation of DC subsets and the capacity of these DC subsets to prime CD4 (cid:3) T cells in vitro. We found that CXCL10 induced IL-12 p40 production but reduced IL-10 production in uninfected DCs. Yet L. amazonensis- infected DCs produced elevated levels of IL-10 despite CXCL10 treatment. Elimination of endogenous IL-10 led to increased IL-12 p40 production in DCs as well as increased proliferation and IFN- (cid:2) production by in vitro-primed CD4 (cid:3) T cells. In addition, CXCL10-treated CD4 (cid:3) T cells became more responsive to IL-12 via increased expression of the IL-12 receptor (cid:4) 2 chain and produced elevated levels of IFN- (cid:2) . This report indicates the utility of CXCL10 in generating a Th1-favored, proinﬂammatory response, which is a prerequisite for controlling Leishmania infection.
Inﬂuence of Dangling Ends and Surface-Proximal Tails of Targets on Probe-Target Duplex Formation in 16S rRNA Gene-Based Diagnostic Arrays (cid:1) †

Dangling ends and surface-proximal tails of gene targets inﬂuence probe-target duplex formation and affect the signal intensity of probes on diagnostic microarrays. This phenomenon was evaluated using an oligonucleotide microarray containing 18-mer probes corresponding to the 16S rRNA genes of 10 waterborne patho- gens and a number of synthetic and PCR-ampliﬁed gene targets. Signal intensities for Klenow/random primer-labeled 16S rRNA gene targets were dissimilar from those for 45-mer synthetic targets for nearly 73% of the probes tested. Klenow/random primer-labeled targets resulted in an interaction with a complex mixture of 16S rRNA genes (used as the background) 3.7 times higher than the interaction of 45-mer targets with the same mixture. A 7-base-long dangling end sequence with perfect homology to another single-stranded
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University

—Consider a text ﬁltering server that monitors a stream of incoming documents for a set of users, who register their interests in the form of continuous text search queries. The task of the server is to constantly maintain for each query a ranked result list, comprising the recent documents (drawn from a sliding window) with the highest similarity to the query. Such a system underlies many text monitoring applications that need to cope with heavy document trafﬁc, such as news and email monitoring. In this paper, we propose the ﬁrst solution for processing continuous text queries efﬁciently. Our objective is to support a large number of user queries while sustaining high document arrival rates. Our solution indexes the streamed documents in main memory with a structure based on the principles of the inverted ﬁle, and processes document arrival and expiration events with an incremental threshold-based method. We distinguish between two versions of the monitoring algorithm, an eager and a lazy one, which differ in how aggressively they manage the thresholds on the inverted index. Using benchmark queries over a stream of real documents, we experimentally verify the efﬁciency of our methodology; both its versions are at least an order of magnitude faster than a competitor constructed from existing techniques, with lazy being the best approach overall.
Patterns of Human Immunodeﬁciency Virus Type 1 Recombination Ex Vivo Provide Evidence for Coadaptation of Distant Sites, Resulting in Purifying Selection for Intersubtype Recombinants during Replication (cid:1) †

High-frequency recombination is a hallmark of HIV-1 replication. Recombination can occur between two members of the same subtype or between viruses from two different subtypes, generating intra- or intersubtype recombinants, respectively. Many intersubtype recombinants have been shown to circulate in human popula- tions. We hypothesize that sequence diversity affects the emergence of viable recombinants by decreasing recombination events and reducing the ability of the recombinants to replicate. To test our hypothesis, we compared recombination between two viruses containing subtype B pol genes (B/B) and between viruses with pol genes from subtype B or F (B/F). Recombination events generated during a single cycle of infection without selection pressure on pol gene function were analyzed by single-genome sequencing. We found that recombination occurred slightly ( (cid:1) 30%) less frequently in B/F than in B/B viruses, and the overall distribution of crossover junctions in pol was similar for the two classes of recombinants. We then examined the emergence of recombinants in a multiple cycle assay, so that functional pol gene products were selected. We found that the emerging B/B recombinants had complex patterns, and the crossover junctions were distributed throughout the pol gene. In contrast, selected B/F recombinants had limited recombination patterns and restricted crossover junction distribution. These results provide evidence for the evolved coadapted sites in variants from different subtypes; these sites may be segregated by recombination events, causing the newly generated intersubtype recombinants to undergo purifying selection. Therefore, the ability of the recombinants to replicate is the major barrier for many of these viruses.
The Gastric Cancer Stem Cells and Resistance to the Cancer Therapy Open

Gastric cancer remains a major global health threat, and most patients with advanced stage disease require chemotherapy. Resistance to therapy is a major obstacle in the management of gastric cancer, which may be due to cancer stem cells that are defined as “cancer cells within a tumor that possess the capacity for self-renewal and that can cause the heterogeneous lineage of cancer cells that constitute the tumor. ” Gastric cancer stem cells exhibit characteristic biomarkers, signaling pathways, and crosstalk networks with tumor microenvironment. Targeting of these characteristics, which play important roles in cancer stem cells resistance, may provide new therapeutic modalities for gastric cancer.