Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Evolutionary Algorithm with Improved Genetic Operator and Crossover Strategy

An improved evolutionary algorithm (SCAGA) is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is based on new population initialization method and genetic operator. SCAGA adopts the crossover probability and mutation probability that vary with the increase of evolution generation in order to control genetic operations in an effective range. Meanwhile, SCAGA presents a new crossover strategy that restricts the cross of the chromosomes to some extent to protect good genes schema. The schema theorem is employed in the algorithm to analyze the working mechanism of SCAGA. According to experiment results for test functions and TSP problems, SCAGA is effective.
Applications of Distributed Machine Learning for the Internet-of-Things: A Comprehensive Survey

The emergence of new services and applications in emerging wireless networks (e.g., beyond 5G and 6G) has shown a growing demand for the usage of artificial intelligence (AI) in the Internet of Things (IoT). However, the proliferation of massive IoT connections and the availability of computing resources distributed across future IoT systems have strongly demanded the development of distributed AI for better IoT services and applications. Therefore, existing AI-enabled IoT systems can be enhanced by implementing distributed machine learning (aka distributed learning) approaches. This work aims to provide a comprehensive survey on distributed learning for IoT services and applications in emerging networks. In particular, we first provide a background of machine learning and present a preliminary to typical distributed learning approaches, such as federated learning, multi-agent reinforcement learning, and distributed inference. Then, we provide an extensive review of distributed learning for critical IoT services (e.g., data sharing and computation offloading, localization, mobile crowdsensing, and security and privacy) and IoT applications (e.g., smart healthcare, smart grid, autonomous vehicle, aerial IoT networks, and smart industry). From the reviewed literature, we also present critical challenges of distributed learning for IoT and propose several promising solutions and research directions in this emerging area.
Behavioral Reaction and c-fos Expression after Opioids Injection into the Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus and Electrical Stimulation of the Ventral Tegmental Area

The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPN) regulates the activity of dopaminergic cells in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). In this study, the role of opioid receptors (OR) in the PPN on motivated behaviors was investigated by using a model of feeding induced by electrical VTA-stimulation (Es-VTA) in rats (male Wistar; n = 91). We found that the OR excitation by morphine and their blocking by naloxone within the PPN caused a change in the analyzed motivational behavior and neuronal activation. The opioid injections into the PPN resulted in a marked, dose-dependent increase/decrease in latency to feeding response (FR), which corresponded with increased neuronal activity (c-Fos protein), in most of the analyzed brain structures. Morphine dosed at 1.25/1.5 µg into the PPN significantly reduced behavior induced by Es-VTA, whereas morphine dosed at 0.25/0.5 µg into the PPN did not affect this behavior. The opposite effect was observed after the naloxone injection into the PPN, where its lowest doses of 2.5/5.0 μg shortened the FR latency. However, its highest dose of 25.0 μg into the PPN nucleus did not cause FR latency changes. In conclusion, the level of OR arousal in the PPN can modulate the activity of the reward system.
Cirrus Crystal Terminal Velocities

Abstract Cirrus crystal terminal velocities are of primary importance in determining the rate of transport of condensate from upper- to middle-tropospheric levels and profoundly influence the earth’s radiation balance through their effect on the rate of buildup or decay of cirrus clouds. In this study, laboratory and field-based cirrus crystal drag coefficient data, as well as analytical descriptions of cirrus crystal shapes, are used to derive more physically based expressions for the velocities of cirrus crystals than have been available in the past. Polycrystals—often bullet rosettes—are shown to be the dominant crystal types in synoptically generated cirrus, with columns present in varying but relatively large percentages, depending on the cloud. The two critical parameters needed to calculate terminal velocity are the drag coefficient and the ratio of mass to cross-sectional area normal to their fall direction. Using measurements and calculations, it is shown that drag coefficients from theory and la.
The Attract Force Equation of Energy

The attract force equation of energy deduced from the Newton the principle of gravitation and the mass–energy equation (E=mc2) of Einstein. The equation describe the attract force cause by two energy fields. It can be said that the energy exists in any form (such as energy of heat, energy of photon, electronic energy, magnetic energy, even kinetic energy, and potential energy) can cause the attract force between them. The constant Gc (8.26269×10-45 m-1kg-1s2) was given in the equation. The equation may help to explain and understand the phenomena of basis physics, cosmology and astronomy, such as the dark matter or dark energy.
Copyright Damages and Statistics

This paper discusses the statistical issues that arise in conducting an economic damages analysis in the context of a litigation matter involving copyrights. Calculating damages in copyright cases turns out to be a natural application for econometric modelling methods. Surprisingly, elementary statistical issues can be a source of significant debate between the experts in such matters. In this paper, we present a case study and illustrate how issues such as interpretation of p‐values and what “rejection of the null hypothesis” really “means” in such matters.
An Implicit Floquet Analysis for Rotorcraft Stability Evaluation

Floquet theory has been extensively used for assessing the stability characteristics of periodic systems. In classical application of the theory, the transition matrix of the system is explicitly computed flrst, then its eigenvalues are evaluated. Stability of the system depends on the dominant eigenvalue: if this eigenvalue is larger than unity, the system is unstable. The proposed implicit Floquet analysis extracts the dominant eigenvalues of the transition matrix using the Arnoldi algorithm, without the explicit computation of this matrix. As a result, the proposed method yields stability information at a far lower computational cost than that of classical Floquet analysis, and is ideally suited for stability computations of systems involving a large number of degrees of freedom. Examples of application of the proposed methodology are presented that demonstrate its accuracy and computational e‐ciency.
Characteristics of digital micromirror projection for 3D shape measurement at extreme speed

3D shape measurement is one of the growing industrial applications of the Texas Instruments DLP® micro-mirror device. This paper presents investigations on precision and repeatability of that spatial light modulators output when it is driven up to its high-speed limit. The study concerns the basic switching behavior of the individual micro-mirror at different frame rates ranging over three orders of magnitude. The 3D shape measuring methodologies are focused on phase encoded triangulation, i.e. the projection of sinusoidal patterns. The DLP chip is a bi-stable device providing an on/off pattern at each certain moment in time, i.e. it has a native binary output. Sinusoidal patterns are the result of either a temporal integration of multiple on/off patterns or a spatial integration within one on/off pattern. Both approaches are studied experimentally with respect to precision and stability of the pattern output. The STAR-07 industrial projection unit, based upon the 0.7” DLP Discovery™4100 chipset, has been used for this work and the pattern frame rates cover the range from 225 frames per second (fps) to 50,000 fps. The STAR-07 output is detected by a photodiode, amplified, and analyzed in a Yokogawa digital storage oscilloscope. All results prove the very high precision and repeatability of the STAR-07 pattern projection, up to the extreme speed of 50,000 fps.
Short-Time Effects on Compressive Strength of Residual Soils Due to Rainwater

Abstract: The short-term effects of acid rain on the geotechnical properties of residual soil were investigated. Artificial acid rain (AAR) of pH values 2, 4 and 6 was created with an infiltration setup to replicate the interaction between acid rain and soil. The soil specimens were infiltrated with AAR for durations of 30mins and 60mins for each pH level of 2, 4 and 6 and a control sample using deionised water of pH 7.5. Unconfined compression test (UCS) and Atterberg limits test were performed on the treated samples to study the mechanical behaviour and the characteristics of the soil once contaminated with AAR. The results revealed that reducing the pH value of AAR led to a reduction in compressive strength and Young’s modulus and an increment in liquid limit while the plastic limit remained unchanged. The reduction in compressive strength due to acid rain was observed to be almost halved when the bulk unit weight of the soil was increased for the same infiltration period.
DCs- IL2 Necessary for Glucocorticoids Which Necessary for Interferons Synthesis and Serotonin Synthesis then Promote Ang2- At2 and VEGF-A for Anti-Inflammatory Growth

Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in improving and adapting immune responses, and development of chronic inflammation through producing Interleukin-2 which stimulate beta oxidation processes by OPA1 synthase for promoting both IFN-beta and GC-beta production followed by alpha oxidations for TLR4 and SIRPα1 production and for nucleocytosolic acetyl-CoA alpha production which considered as signature of a “growth specifically for anti-inflammatory growth. Glucocorticoids and glutamine are the basic tools for increasing immune efficiency (regulated by OPA1 enzymes) and the main for regulating the adopted Interferons, that the deficiency in glucocorticoids synthesis and glutamine will suppress immune activities and will lead to deficiency in Interferons productions followed by decreasing in macrophages and T-cells functions. The formation of Glucocorticoid-gamma and IFN-gamma started by the effects of Cox2 on inflammatory sources followed by cytokine kinases production for IL2 synthesis upon synthetase functions followed by synthase for glucocorticoid-beta and IFN-beta productions which followed by phospholipase effect for producing PD-L1 synthesis which promote the progression of ovarian cancer.
Assessing Encoder-Decoder Architectures for Robust Coronary Artery Segmentation

Coronary artery diseases are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Timely and accurate diagnosis, facilitated by precise coronary artery segmentation, is pivotal in changing patient outcomes. In the realm of biomedical imaging, convolutional neural networks, especially the U-Net architecture, have revolutionized segmentation processes. However, one of the primary challenges remains the lack of benchmarking datasets specific to coronary arteries. However through the use of the recently published public dataset ASOCA, the potential of deep learning for accurate coronary segmentation can be improved. This paper delves deep into examining the performance of 25 distinct encoder-decoder combinations. Through analysis of the 40 cases provided to ASOCA participants, it is revealed that the EfficientNet-LinkNet combination, serving as encoder and decoder, stands out. It achieves a Dice coefficient of 0.882 and a 95th percentile Hausdorff distance of 4.753. These findings not only underscore the superiority of our model in comparison to those presented at the MICCAI 2020 challenge but also set the stage for future advancements in coronary artery segmentation, opening doors to enhanced diagnostic and treatment strategies.
Percepciones de emprendedores colombianos sobre el uso de redes sociales en pandemia

Esta investigación se plantea como objetivo conocer las percepciones de los emprendedores y emprendedoras colombianas (específicamente, de la ciudad de Barranquilla), sobre el impacto que tienen (y que han tenido para su idea empresarial) el uso de las redes sociales para la promoción y comercialización de sus productos y servicios en el marco de la pandemia y la factibilidad de estos insumos tecnológicos para la apertura de nuevos mercados.
Mixed Models in Nonlinear Regression for Description of the Growth of Nelore Cattle

Simple Summary Mixed nonlinear models are an extension of mixed models combined with nonlinear models, allowing one or more parameters of the nonlinear regression function to be considered both as fixed and random effects. This work was carried out with the objective of comparing the use of several nonlinear functions of the fixed and mixed linear models to determine the body growth of both sexes in Nelore cattle. For this, body weight records were used to describe the growth curve of the animals. The Brody function obtained the best adjustments according to the evaluators, finding a reduction in the residual variance of 79 and 83%, for males and females, respectively. The absolute growth rate for males ranged from 0.921 to 0.261 kg/day and for females from 0.922 to 0.198 kg/day, while the relative growth rate ranged from 2.55 to 0.06% for females and from 2.39 to 0.08% for males. Males showed greater growth acceleration at the beginning of the growth trajectory, equaling the females at 397 days of age, and thereafter presented lower estimates. Nonlinear regression in the context of mixed models allows for a reduction in residual variance and an increase in model precision. Abstract Body weight records were used to characterize the growth curve of Nelore cattle. Body weight was regressed as a function of age, for both sexes, by using nonlinear models through the functions of Brody, Gompertz, Logistic, Richards, Meloun 1, Von Bertalanffy, and Von Bertalanffy. The quality of the model arrangements was evaluated by employing Akaike and Bayesian Schwarz information criteria. The Brody function provided the best adaptations by the evaluators and, considering the asymptotic weight and the maturation rate as random, a reduction in residual variance of 79% for males and 83% for females was obtained in relation to the models under fixed contexts. In males, the absolute and relative growth rates ranged from 0.921 to 0.261 kg/day and 2.39 to 0.08%, respectively. For the same rates, under another approach, females ranged from 0.922 to 0.198 kg/day and 2.55 to 0.06%, respectively. Males showed greater growth acceleration at the beginning of the growth trajectory, being equal to females at 397 days of age and from that age onward they presented lower estimates. The nonlinear regression model approach under the mixed-models context allows reduction of residual variance, increasing model accuracy.
Pairwise Similarity Learning is SimPLE

In this paper, we focus on a general yet important learning problem, pairwise similarity learning (PSL). PSL subsumes a wide range of important applications, such as open-set face recognition, speaker verification, image retrieval and person re-identification. The goal of PSL is to learn a pairwise similarity function assigning a higher similarity score to positive pairs (i.e., a pair of samples with the same label) than to negative pairs (i.e., a pair of samples with different label). We start by identifying a key desideratum for PSL, and then discuss how existing methods can achieve this desideratum. We then propose a surprisingly simple proxy-free method, called SimPLE, which requires neither feature/proxy normalization nor angular margin and yet is able to generalize well in open-set recognition. We apply the proposed method to three challenging PSL tasks: open-set face recognition, image retrieval and speaker verification. Comprehensive experimental results on large-scale benchmarks show that our method performs significantly better than current state-of-the-art methods. Our project page is available at simple.is. tue.mpg. de.
An Active Retirement Programme, a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Sensorimotor Training Programme for Older Adults: A Study Protocol

Research shows that exercise training programmes lead to several improvements in older adults’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and well-being. This study will examine the effects of an active retirement programme on Portuguese older adults, investigating its effects on body composition, physical fitness, HRQoL, and physical activity level (PAL). Therefore, a parallel-group randomised controlled trial will be conducted, including body composition (height and body weight), physical fitness (strength, flexibility, agility, postural control, and gait), HRQoL, and PAL assessments before and after the application of the programme. The programme will be carried out for six months, two days per week (45 min), plus a year of follow-up. The programme will consist of six circuits with eight physical exercises each. The circuits will change at the end of the four weeks (one monthly circuit). The exercises’ difficulty will increase throughout the programme, with alternatives for all the participants. If the effectiveness of the programme is demonstrated, implementation in different services and municipalities could be advised, as the actors involved in health and social services should promote the well-being of their citizens through, among others, health-related physical activity and the prevention of diseases associated with inactivity.
Syllables intelligibility in relation to the autocorrelation and cepstrum model: the case of Chinese in Taiwan

The articulation of some special pronunciations of vowel inconsistently raises with the rapid speech transmission index (RASTI) tested using monosyllables for Chinese phonics. In the researching of speech intelligibility in room, the factors being considered have to include not only the qualities of sound field but the pronunciation characteristics of syllables as well. Therefore, with regard to the defect of RASTI measurements, we utilized the autocorrelation and the cepstrum of monosyllables recorded in rooms to compare the articulation with the physical phenomena of intelligibilities. Thus, we found that the minimum effective duration of autocorrelation function (τ) of all testing syllables signals recorded in rooms, associated well with the articulation for each individual room. Specially, for individual syllable signals, they are further shown significant correlation between the cepstral energy of monosyllables and the articulation collected in all rooms. The cepstrum acts as a spatially intelligible.
Manajemen pakan ternak Sapi Madura Di Desa Dempo Barat Kecamatan Pasean Kabupaten Pamekasan

Madura cattle breeders in West Dempo Village in providing erratic feed every day and lack of knowledge about the types of feed that are good for cattle consumption. The purpose of the study was to identify the characteristics of Madura cattle feed and to know the management of Madura cattle feed in West Dempo Village. Determination of the sample using the purposive sampling method with a total sample of 43 respondents. The research method used is descriptive and qualitative. The results of the research identified the characteristics of the feed given, namely elephant grass, odot, lamtoro, straw, rice bran and herbal medicine. Feed management is viewed from the amount of feeding, frequency of feeding, feeding method, drinking water supply and special treatment. The amount of feeding is less than the average consumption requirement, which is 10% of body weight, the frequency of feeding forage is done three times a day, concentrate once a day and conditionally herbal medicine. The way of feeding is done in a kereman manner and the provision of drinking water is limited. The special treatment carried out by farmers is massaging the cows to smooth the cow's hair.
Real-time monitoring of chemical and structural changes induced by light irradiation of cells and tissues

We report on a novel approach to study cells and tissues exposed to laser radiation. By using a tightly focused laser beam, a selected area of a cell or a tissue can be selectively irradiated, and the results of this interaction can be immediately interrogated using Raman confocal microscopy. We present our experimental results for skin and eye tissues and individual retinal pigmented epithelium cells demonstrating a great potential of this new research paradigm.
On the metrological performances of optoelectronic oscillators based on whispering gallery mode resonators

We investigate the phase noise performance of an optoelectronic oscillator based on a calcium fluoride high quality factor whispering gallery mode optical resonator (WGMR). In the oscillator setup, a particular attention is given to the stabilization of the laser lightwave onto an optical resonance of the WGMR. Once the laser is stabilized, different resonant optical modes are characterized in the microwave domain. Afterwards, phase noise spectra of different oscillations at different modes of the WGMR are measured. Phase noise levels below -93 dBc/Hz and around -90 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset frequency from 6.35 GHz and 12.7 GHz carriers are respectively obtained.
Magnetic shape memory effect at 1.7 K

Magnetic shape memory effect or magnetically induced structure reorientation (MIR) occurred down to 1.7 K in 10 M martensite with composition of Ni50.0Mn27. 5Ga22.5 exhibiting no intermartensite transformation. The reorientation of the martensite microstructure was mediated by the motion of single Type II twin boundary. In contrast with weak thermal dependence of Type II boundary, MIR with Type I boundary in the same alloy showed strong thermal dependence resembling normal thermal activation process and the effect disappeared below 220 K. Thus the type of the boundary is decisive for MIR at low temperatures.
On the geometry of an integrable (2+1)–dimensional sine–Gordon system

It is recorded that Darboux's method of linking the classical Lamé system governing triply orthogonal systems of surfaces with an integrable (2+1)–dimensional sine–Gordon equation may be extended and applied to the integrable two–component generalization of the latter introduced by Konopelchenko and Rogers. Thus, in a reinterpretation, this (2+1)–dimensional sine–Gordon system is shown to define particular (integrable) motions of surfaces.
INFERRED PROPERTIES OF STELLAR GRANULATION.

Apparent characteristics of stellar granulation in F and G main-sequence stars are inferred directly from observed spectral-line asymmetries and from comparisons of numerical simulations with the observations: (1) the apparent granulation velocity increases with increasing effective temperature, (2) the dispersion of granule velocities about their mean velocity of rise increases with the apparent granulation velocity, (3) the mean velocity of rise of granules must be less than the total line broadening, (4) the apparent velocity difference between granules and dark lanes corresponds to the "granulation velocity" deduced from stellar line bisectors, (5) the dark lanes show velocities of fall approximately twice as large as the granule rise velocities, (6) the light contributed to the stellar flux by the granules is four to ten times more than the light from the dark lanes. Stellar rotation is predicted to produce distortions in the line bisectors which may give information on the absolute velocity displacements of the line bisectors.