Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement of isoprene emissions over a black spruce stand using a tower-based relaxed Eddy-accumulation system

Abstract Daytime isoprene emissions were measured over a black spruce forest in Saskatchewan (Canada) during the Boreal Ecosystem Atmosphere Study of 1994. The relaxed eddy-accumulation (REA) technique was used to measure isoprene fluxes in parallel with gradient measurements, which are required for using the gradient transport (GT) theory. The average isoprene flux was 2.29 mg C m−2 h−1 in late July and decreased to 0.54 mg C m−2 h−1 in early September. The senescent needles and lower ambient air temperature were most likely the cause of the lower isoprene emissions measured in September. A relationship of isoprene flux with air temperature was derived at the canopy scale because canopy temperature is not readily available. High isoprene emissions were observed at temperatures above 25°C. These were most likely in relation to thermoprotection of photosynthesis. The diurnal trends measured by GT and REA were similar. Isoprene fluxes measured using GT were 63% lower than those using REA. The underestimatio.
Response of circulating miRNAs to acute exercise: A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: Cell-free microRNAs (cf-miRNAs) are secreted from cells and transported via the blood to exert their effect on target tissues. Numerous pathophysiological adaptations, including exercise, alter cf-miRNA levels. The aim of the systematic review was to investigate the cf-miRNA response to an acute bout of exercise and to interpret it using a robust correlated and hierarchical effects (CHE) meta-analysis. Design: The systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021256303). A CHE meta-analysis was used to compare the changes in cf-miRNA levels and the influence of exercise modality. An exploratory machine-learning-based approach was used to capture influential moderators. Data sources: Primary studies were retrieved from PubMed and SPORTDiscus (09.03.2022). Relative changes in cf-miRNA expression in response to exercise were computed for each study. The ROBINS-I, GRADE and AMSTAR2 tools were used to assess evidence certainty and risk of bias. Eligibility criteria: Thirty-six studies including an acute exercise intervention in N=880 healthy males and females aged 18-45yrs met the eligibility criteria. Results: Muscle enriched cf-miR-1 (N=320), cf-miR-133a (N=195) and cf-miR-133b (N=132) levels increased 1-2hr (cf-miR1: FC = 2.72, 95% CI= 1.5-4.0; cf-miR133a: FC = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.6-2.6; cf-miR-133b: FC = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.2-3.6) and 24 hr post-exercise (cf-miR1: FC = 2.25, 95% CI= 1.3-3.2; cf-miR133a: FC = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.4-2.2; cf-miR-133b: FC = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.2-2.8). Conclusion: Acute exercise triggers temporal and modality specific responses in cf-miRNAs. levels. Influential moderators included sample size, collection time point, exercise modality, age and the use of various technical quality controls.
ON THE EXTREME INDIVIDUALS AND THE RANGE OF SAMPLES TAKEN FROM A NORMAL POPULATION

THE problem of the range of samples arises as a special case of Galton's Difference Problem, first given by Professor K. Pearson in 1902 (1). Together with the allied problem of the extrenme individuals, it has engaged the attention of other writers (2) (3) (4), but a complete solution has not yet been given. This would involve the determination of the distribution of the range and of the extremes for a large number of samplps. Attenmpts are here made in some measure to supply this deficiency.
Detection and attribution of climate change: A deep learning and variational approach

Abstract Twelve climate models and observations are used to attribute the global mean surface temperature (GMST) changes from 1900 to 2014 to external climate forcings. The external forcings are decomposed into the effects of the well-mixed greenhouse gas concentration variation, the effects of anthropogenic aerosol concentration changes, and the effects of natural forcings. First, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is trained to estimate the simulated historical GMST from single-forcing experiments using outputs from the multi-model ensemble. We then use this CNN to solve the attribution problem using an original variational inversion approach. The variational inversion is first validated using historical climate simulations as pseudo-observations. Then we perform an inversion from observations. This provides a distribution of the GMST resulting from the three forcings. For 2014, inversions estimate that the greenhouse gases changes are responsible for a GMST anomaly within [0.8 $ {}^{\circ } $ C,1.9 $ {}^{\circ } $ C], while anthropogenic aerosols and natural forcings anomalies are within [−0.7 $ {}^{\circ } $ C,−0.1 $ {}^{\circ } $ C] and [−0.1 $ {}^{\circ } $ C,0.3 $ {}^{\circ } $ C], respectively. The method designed here can be adapted and extended to attribute the changes of other variables or to focus on the regional scale.
Garbage image classification method based on improved convolution neural network and long short-term memory network

When dealing with garbage image classification task, with the deepening of network layer, convolutional neural network will lead to gradient disappearance / explosion and large time consumption. Therefore, a garbage image classification method combining improved convolutional neural network and long short-term memory network is proposed. Taking ResNet-50 as the network backbone, it is optimized by using deep separable convolution and attention mechanism. At the same time, supplemented by LSTM, the features extracted by convolution network and cyclic network are fused to complete classification output. Ablation experiments are carried out on this model and compared with other typical convolutional neural networks. The results show that the accuracy of this model increases by an average of 4.5%. The introduction of deep separable convolution can reduce the training time by about 35.4% compared with the baseline method.
Some Remarks on the Strong Law of Large Numbers

Let $\{ \xi _n \} $ be a sequence of individually bounded independent random variables: \[ \xi _n = O(\varphi (n)) \]The necessary and sufficient conditions for the validity of the strong law of large numbers can be expressed in terms of variances ${\bf D}\xi _n $\[ \varphi (n) = {n / {\log \log n}} \] and cannot be expressed in these terms (and, possibly, not even in terms of any finite number of moments) if\[ \varphi (n) = \left( {{n / {\log \log n}}} \right) \to \infty ,\quad n \to \infty \]In the latter case the “best” sufficient conditions are given.
Two-Dimensional Magnetotransport in the Extreme Quantum Limit

A quantized Hall plateau of ρxy=3he2, accompanied by a minimum in ρxx, was observed at T<5 K in magnetotransport of high-mobility, two-dimensional electrons, when the lowest-energy, spin-polarized Landau level is 13 filled. The formation of a Wigner solid or charge-density-wave state with triangular symmetry is suggested as a possible explanation.
Demonstrating a High-Precision Digital Pen that Senses Translation and Rotation on Passive Surfaces

We demonstrate our integrated pen input device called DeltaPen, which features two adjacent lens-less optical flow sensors next to its tip, from which it reconstructs directional motion as well as pen rotation. A pressure sensor and high-fidelity haptic actuator complements our pen device while retaining a compact form factor that supports mobile use without specialized surfaces and without external tracking. A built-in inertial measurement unit (streaming magnetometer and accelerometer data) further improves the precision of our device and enables tilt input. We showcase a series of example interactions and small applications that leverage pen translation and rotation. Those examples include a photo sorting application, widgets that utilize haptic feedback as well as rotation input, and a simple painting application.
Quantitative and Qualitative Expoloration of Electronic Device Position on User Experience of Smart Clothes

In this paper, we explore gaps in the user experience of using circuit boards in motion-monitored smart clothing. We focus on the effects of board location on the user’s motion while wearing the smart garment by analyzing a motion capture dataset to explore the least constrained joint points in motion, as well as the user’s subjective perception. The experimental results show that user feedback tends to be consistent for the same type of motion and close to the results of the dataset analysis. All users want the board to be firmly positioned so that it does not interfere with the motion, and the board should be of appropriate size. For different types of motion, users have different requirements for the three indicators of the board, which are closely related to the specific type of motion. This provides new ideas for future research and design of smart clothing.
Bidirectional remote connections among virtual ICT laboratories ranging over multiple network segments

Since Covid-19 has been prevalent over the world, it has become important for us to observe the following three countermeasures: Actually, these countermeasures have made it impossible to put various kinds of scientific experiments into practice especially in Japanese senior high schools, because scientific experiments necessarily require many students to gather in the inside of one laboratory and to keep academic conversations with each other. In this talk, we introduce a system of constructing virtual ICT laboratories which enables each student participating in a certain ICT experiment to deploy each network application such as a web browser or an e-mailer and to observe the others' ICT settings simultaneously. This system can be realized by the simultaneous combined use of Zoom and Cisco Packet Tracer. Assuming that this system is applied to two network students which are geographically located far from each other, we can classify this system into the following: Finally, we should be careful of the fact that it is one thing to realize Case 1 and quite another to realize Case 2. In other words, While, in the network circumstances following Case 1, two students have only to apply wireless LAN routers for bidirectionally connecting their own PCs to each other, in the network circumstances following Case 2, they have to employ some other network application such as NAT traversal.
Algae Image Classification Algorithm Based on the Improved MobileNetV2

To address the problems of large number of parameters, poor real-time performance and low classification accuracy of existing algae image classification models, this paper proposes a lightweight model based on MobileNetV2. By using the GELU activation function instead of the RELU activation function, the generalization ability of the model and classification accuracy are improved; In order to establish the dependency between channel information and location information, a lightweight coordinate attention mechanism is embedded in the model. The experimental results show that the model can efficiently identify algae categories, and the overall recognition accuracy of the model reaches 97.0% on the algae image dataset after convergence. Moreover, the number of model parameters is only 10.68M, which has certain practical application value.
Switching Phenomena in Vinylidene Fluoride / Trifluoroethylene Copolymers near the Curie Point

Ferroelectric switching and dielectric relaxation processes were simultaneously observed by a time-domain measurement of charge responses induced by a step voltage for a 65/35 mol% copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene. These processes were separated on the basis of the different field dependences of their characteristic time constants and resulting polarization changes. As the temperature approaches the Curie Point (Tc∼68°C), both the activation field and the amount of reversed polarization associated with the switching process fall to zero. It is found that the switching times under various fields converge to the relaxation time at Tc. This result implies that the switching process is affected by dipole fluctuations, probably at an early stage when the nuclei of reversed domains are created.
Minimum spanning tree application in Covid-19 network structure analysis in the countries of the Middle East

Abstract Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) has threatened human life, so it has become necessary to study this disease from many aspects. This study aims to identify the nature of the effect of interdependence between these countries and the impact of each other on each other by designating these countries as heads for the proposed graph and measuring the distance between them using the ultrametric spanning tree. In this paper, a network of countries in the Middle East is described using the tools of graph theory.
A review on latest trends in ball and roller burnishing processes for enhancing surface finish

ABSTRACT Surface finish helps in improving the service life of critical engineering components by increasing corrosion, fatigue, wear and creep resistance. Ball and roller burnishing are found to enhance the surface roughness, microhardness, fatigue, wear and corrosion resistance and to induce compressive residual stresses . With these advantages, ball and roller burnishing processes are currently being applied in automotive, aerospace, biomedical and marine applications. The significant improvement of surface finish leads to evolving ball and roller burnishing processes as a substitute to existing post machining processes. Therefore, the study of ball and roller burnishing processes parameters on the surface roughness is essential. This review paper presents the optimum burnishing parameters of commonly used engineering materials and advanced biomedical materials. Also, surface roughness at optimised condition is presented. It is observed that the process parameters for ball or roller burnishing process to achieve lowest surface roughness are medium burnishing force (50–300 N), low burnishing feed (0.05–0.5 mm/rev), moderate number of passes (2–4) and medium burnishing speed (200–1500 rpm). The results of surface roughness show an average improvement of 85%, highest improvement of 110% and lowest improvement of 67%. Ball burnishing found to provide lower surface roughness than roller burnishing.
Structural characterizations of a unusual peptide CORO1C-47aa encoded by circRNA hsa-circ-0000437 associated with endometrial cancer

Circular RNAs, which have covalently closed ends, is a special type of non-coding RNAs. Recent studies reveal that they are associated with various biochemical pathways. One such involvements of circular RNAs is in the onset of different types of cancers. Though the circular RNAs are known as non-coding RNAs, however, some of them are found to possess the capacities to code for proteins. One such circular RNA is hsa-circ-0000437 which is known to code for a short peptide referred to as CORO1C-47aa. The peptide has anti-angiogenic activity and are associated with the prevention of endometrial cancer. However, till date only the amino acid sequence of the peptide is known and no structural details of the peptide are available. Therefore, in this work, our aim was to predict how the peptide would fold and what could be its possible ligand binding sites. We used computational tools to determine the structure of the peptide. The structure was refined by molecular dynamics simulations. The possible binding sites and the binding partners of the peptide were also predicted. From this structure function analysis study, we tried to elucidate the possible mechanism of the involvements of the peptide in the onset of endometrial cancer. This is the first report on the structural characterization of the peptide. This study may therefore be useful in determining the structures of new drug candidates for the treatment of endometrial cancer.
Flies adaptively control flight to compensate for added inertia

Animal locomotion is highly adaptive, displaying a large degree of flexibility, yet how this flexibility arises from the integration of mechanics, sensing and neural control remains elusive. For instance, animals require flexible strategies to maintain performance as changes in mass or inertia impact stability. Compensatory strategies to mechanical loading are especially critical for animals that rely on flight for survival. To shed light on the capacity and flexibility of flight neuromechanics to mechanical loading, we pushed the performance of fruit flies (Drosophila) near its limit and implemented a control theoretic framework to quantify how flies compensated for added inertia. Flies with added inertia were placed inside a virtual reality arena which enabled free rotation about the vertical (yaw) axis. Adding inertia increased the fly’s response time yet had little influence on overall gaze performance. Flies maintained stability following the addition of inertia by adaptively modulating both visuomotor gain and damping. In contrast, mathematical modeling predicted a significant decrease in flight stability and performance. Adding inertia altered saccades, however flies compensated for the added inertia by increasing yaw torque production, indicating that flies sense that they are mechanically loaded. Taken together, in response to added inertia flies trade off reaction time to maintain flight performance through adaptive neural modulation. Our work highlights the flexibility and capacity of motor control in flight.
Zn2+ potentiation of OTOP proton channels identifies structural elements of the gating apparatus

Otopetrin proteins (OTOPs) form proton-selective ion channels that are expressed in diverse cell types where they may mediate detection of acids or regulation of pH. In vertebrates there are three family members: OTOP1 is required for formation of otoconia in the vesibular system and it forms the receptor for sour taste, while the functions of OTOP2, and OTOP3 are not yet known. Importantly, the gating mechanisms of any of the OTOP channels are not well-understood, and until recently, it was not even known if the channels were gated. Here we show that Zn2+, as well as other transition metals including copper (Cu2+), potently activate murine OTOP3. Zn2+ pre-exposure increases the magnitude of OTOP3 currents to a subsequent acid stimulus by as much as 10-fold. In contrast, OTOP2 currents are insensitive to potentiation by Zn2+. Swapping the extracellular tm 11-12 linker between OTOP3 and OTOP2 was sufficient to eliminate Zn2+ potentiation of OTOP3 and confer Zn2+ potentiation on OTOP2. We also show that H531 within the tm 11-12 linker is essential for potentiation of OTOP3 by Zn2+, likely by forming part of its binding site. Kinetic modeling of the data is consistent with Zn2+ stabilizing the open state of the channel, possibly competing with H+ for activation of the channels. These results establish the tm 11-12 linker as part of the gating apparatus of OTOP channels and a target for drug discovery. Zinc is an essential micronutrient and its regulation of OTOP channels will undoubtedly have important physiological sequelae. Significance Statement A family of proton-activated H+ ion channels was recently identified that includes the sour receptor OTOP1. Here we show that members of the OTOP channel family are differentially sensitive to Zn2+, which strongly activates OTOP3 but not OTOP2. By studying chimeric channels, we identify structural elements in the extracellular linker between transmembrane domains 11-12 that are necessary and sufficient for Zn2+ activation of OTOP channels. In addition to the taste system, OTOP channels play important roles in biomineralization in both vertebrate and invertebrates and are expressed in the digestive tract where their expression is a predictor of cancer prognosis. Our identification of the tm 11-12 linker as part of the gating apparatus makes it a promising target for pharmaceutical discovery.
SGC-CLK-1 (CAF-170) a chemical probe for the Cdc2-Like kinases CLK1, CLK2, and CLK4

Small molecule modulators are important tools to study both basic biology and the complex signaling of protein kinases. The cdc2-like kinases (CLK) are a family of four kinases that have garnered recent interest for their involvement in a diverse set of diseases such as neurodegeneration, autoimmunity, and many cancers. Targeted medicinal chemistry around a CLK inhibitor hit identified through screening of a kinase inhibitor set against a large panel of kinases allowed us to identify a potent and selective inhibitor of CLK1, 2 and 4. Here, we present the synthesis, selectivity, and potential binding site of this compound – SGC-CLK-1. We further show CLK2 has the highest binding affinity, and high CLK2 expression correlates with a lower IC50 in a screen of multiple cancer cell lines. Finally, we show that SGC-CLK-1 not only reduces serine arginine rich (SR) protein phosphorylation, but also alters SR protein and CLK2 subcellular localization in a reversible way. Therefore, we anticipate that this compound will be a valuable tool for increasing our understanding of CLKs and their targets, SR proteins, at the level of phosphorylation and subcellular localization.
Control of stereocilia length during development of hair bundles

Assembly of the hair bundle, the sensory organelle of the inner ear, depends on differential growth of actin-based stereocilia. Separate rows of stereocilia, labeled 1 through 3 from tallest to shortest, lengthen or shorten during discrete time intervals during development. We used lattice structured illumination microscopy and surface rendering of mouse apical inner hair cells to measure stereocilia dimensions during early postnatal development; these measurements revealed a sharp transition at postnatal day 8 between stage III (row 1 and 2 widening; row 2 shortening) and stage IV (final row 1 lengthening and widening). Tip proteins that determine row 1 lengthening did not accumulate simultaneously during stages III and IV; while the actin-bundling protein EPS8 peaked at the end of stage III, GNAI3 peaked several days later—in early stage IV—and GPSM2 peaked near the end of stage IV. To establish the contributions of key macromolecular assemblies to bundle structure, we examined mouse mutants that eliminated tip links (Cdh23v2J or Pcdh15av3J), transduction channels (TmieKO), or the row 1 tip complex (Myo15ash2). Cdh23v2J/v2J and Pcdh15av3J/av3J bundles had adjacent stereocilia in the same row that were not matched in length, revealing that a major role of these cadherins is to synchronize lengths of side-by-side stereocilia. Use of the tip-link mutants also allowed us to distinguish the role of transduction from effects of transduction proteins themselves. While levels of GNAI3 and GPSM2, which stimulate stereocilia elongation, were greatly attenuated at the tips of TmieKO/KO row 1 stereocilia, they accumulated normally in Cdh23v2J/v2J and Pcdh15av3J/av3J stereocilia. These results reinforced the suggestion that the transduction proteins themselves facilitate localization of proteins in the row 1 complex. By contrast, EPS8 concentrates at tips of all TmieKO/KO, Cdh23v2J/v2J and Pcdh15av3J/av3J stereocilia, correlating with the less polarized distribution of stereocilia lengths in these bundles. These latter results indicated that in wild-type hair cells, the transduction complex prevents accumulation of EPS8 at the tips of shorter stereocilia, causing them to shrink (row 2 and 3) or disappear (row 4 and microvilli). Reduced rhodamine-actin labeling at row 2 stereocilia tips of tip-link and transduction mutants suggests that transduction’s role is to destabilize actin filaments there. These results suggest that regulation of stereocilia length occurs through EPS8, and that CDH23 and PCDH15 regulate stereocilia lengthening beyond their role in gating mechanotransduction channels.