Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification of Non-Functional Requirements From IoT Oriented Healthcare Requirement Document

Internet of Things (IoT) involves a set of devices that aids in achieving a smart environment. Healthcare systems, which are IoT-oriented, provide monitoring services of patients' data and help take immediate steps in an emergency. Currently, machine learning-based techniques are adopted to ensure security and other non-functional requirements in smart health care systems. However, no attention is given to classifying the non-functional requirements from requirement documents. The manual process of classifying the non-functional requirements from documents is erroneous and laborious. Missing non-functional requirements in the Requirement Engineering (RE) phase results in IoT oriented healthcare system with compromised security and performance. In this research, an experiment is performed where non-functional requirements are classified from the IoT-oriented healthcare system's requirement document. The machine learning algorithms considered for classification are Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), ensemble, Random Forest (RF), and hybrid KNN rule-based machine learning (ML) algorithms. The results show that our novel hybrid KNN rule-based machine learning algorithm outperforms others by showing an average classification accuracy of 75.9% in classifying non-functional requirements from IoT-oriented healthcare requirement documents. This research is not only novel in its concept of using a machine learning approach for classification of non-functional requirements from IoT-oriented healthcare system requirement documents, but it also proposes a novel hybrid KNN-rule based machine learning algorithm for classification with better accuracy. A new dataset is also created for classification purposes, comprising requirements related to IoT-oriented healthcare systems. However, since this dataset is small and consists of only 104 requirements, this might affect the generalizability of the results of this research.
Research on Lightning Overvoltage of Oil-Gas Pipeline Caused by Lightning Strikes on Adjacent Electrical Transmission Line

As natural lightning strikes on a transmission tower, lightning current will flow along grounding lines into the adjacent tower grounding grid. As lightning current is dispersed from the tower grounding grid into the soil, a lightning overvoltage may be produced on adjacent pipelines. In this paper, the lightning current shunt characteristics in multi-tower scenarios are calculated by simulation method under different soil resistivity conditions. Then, based on the lightning current shunt characteristics, the current dispersion process among multi-tower grounding grids and the pipeline is analyzed with different soil resistivities, gap distances, and lightning current amplitudes. Finally, the protective effect of “drain wire” and “forced commutation” on pipeline overvoltage are compared. Simulation results showed that with increasing soil resistivity, tower grounding resistance was increased and tower shunt coefficient decreased. Considering lightning current through the multi-tower grounding grids, pipeline overvoltage is much larger than that of a single tower. Pipeline overvoltage is increased with soil resistivity and lightning current amplitude, while it is decreased with “pipeline-line” distance. Both “drain wire” method and “forced commutation” method can effectively reduce pipeline potential.
Prognostic Implication of Patient Age in H3K27M-Mutant Midline Gliomas

Introduction Pediatric and adult H3K27M-mutant midline gliomas have variable clinical presentations, prognoses, and molecular backgrounds. In this study, we integrated data from published studies to investigate the differences between these two groups. Methods PubMed and Web of Science were searched for potential data. Studies were included if they had available individual participant data on patients age of H3K27M-mutant midline gliomas. For time-to-event analyses, Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression models were carried out; corresponding hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed to analyze the impact of age and clinical covariates on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results We included 43 studies comprising 272 adults and 657 pediatric midline gliomas with H3K27M mutation for analyses. In adults, there was a male predilection whereas females were slightly more common than males in the pediatric group. Spinal cord tumors were more frequent in adults. The prevalence of H3.1 K27M mutation was significantly higher in the pediatric cohort. Compared to adult patients, pediatric H3K27M-mutant midline gliomas exhibited more aggressive features including higher rates of pathologic features of high-grade tumors and Ki67 proliferation index, and had a shorter PFS and OS. Genetically, ACVR1 mutations were more common whereas MGMT methylation, FGFR1, and NF1 mutations were less prevalent in the pediatric cohort. Conclusion Pediatric H3K27M-mutant midline gliomas were demographically, clinically, and molecularly distinct from adult patients, highlighting an opportunity to refine the risk stratification for these neoplasms.
The Nitrate Transporter MtNPF6.8 Is a Master Sensor of Nitrate Signal in the Primary Root Tip of Medicago truncatula

Nitrate is not only an essential nutrient for plants, but also a signal involved in plant development. We have previously shown in the model legume Medicago truncatula, that the nitrate signal, which restricts primary root growth, is mediated by MtNPF6.8, a nitrate transporter. Nitrate signal also induces changes in reactive oxygen species accumulation in the root tip due to changes in cell wall peroxidase (PODs) activity. Thus, it was interesting to determine the importance of the role of MtNPF6.8 in the regulation of the root growth by nitrate and identify the POD isoforms responsible for the changes in POD activity. For this purpose, we compared in M. truncatula a npf6.8 mutant and nitrate insensitive line deficient in MtNPF6.8 and the corresponding wild and sensitive genotype for their transcriptomic and proteomic responses to nitrate. Interestingly, only 13 transcripts and no protein were differently accumulated in the primary root tip of the npf6.8-3 mutant line in response to nitrate. The sensitivity of the primary root tip to nitrate appeared therefore to be strongly linked to the integrity of MtNPF6.8 which acts as a master mediator of the nitrate signal involved in the control of the root system architecture. In parallel, 7,259 and 493 genes responded, respectively, at the level of transcripts or proteins in the wild type, 196 genes being identified by both their transcript and protein. By focusing on these 196 genes, a concordance of expression was observed for most of them with 143 genes being up-regulated and 51 being down-regulated at the two gene expression levels. Their ontology analysis uncovered a high enrichment in POD genes, allowing the identification of POD candidates involved in the changes in POD activity previously observed in response to nitrate.
Editorial: Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging in Diabetes

This Research Topic asked the question which insights have we learned on cardiovascular disease in diabetes and what more can we gain from advanced cardiovascular imaging in the future? The connection between diabetes and cardiovascular disease is clear and individuals with diabetes are at least two times more likely to develop cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes (1). Diabetes itself confers an independent risk of cardiovascular disease, but conditions that often coexist with diabetes such as hypertension and dyslipidemia are also important risk factors (2). Recent work suggests that imaging techniques can detect significant changes in diabetic cardiomyopathy long before symptoms appear (3). The earliest non-invasive technique for visualising the contour of the heart is projection radiography, which has been available for more than 120 years. This technique can help to clarify relatively simple anatomical questions but is still used today as an initial examination for many clinical indications. Computed tomography (CT), introduced in the 1970s, enables the acquisition of spatially highly resolved three-dimensional anatomical data sets. With modern CT systems using multi-slice detectors and two X-ray tubes, data acquisition times of about 100 ms are possible for extended volume data sets with submillimetre resolution (4). Ultrasound (US) methods do not require radiation exposure, are relatively inexpensive, and at the same time allow a rapid temporal repetition of individual measurements. For studies of blood flow in vessels and in the heart chambers, ultrasound imaging methods can be combined with Doppler-based velocimetry and recorded together with wall motion (5). Since the 1980s, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has developed rapidly and is now a very powerful modality for high spatial resolution morphological and functional studies of the heart and peripheral vessels (6). The use of specific radioactive tracers within nuclear medicine can show physiological properties such as ischaemia or inflammatory activity (7). In contrast to traditional scintigraphy with gamma cameras, positron emission tomography (PET) has a very high sensitivity for recording 3D data sets even with extremely low tracer concentrations (8). In recent years, multimodal and hybrid imaging techniques have been improved and developed into the new frontier of medical molecular imaging with the possibility to overcome restrictions of single modalities and to acquire non-invasive physiological and pathophysiological measurements within an accurate anatomical framework. These advanced imaging methods can directly assess both function and morphology of the heart and vessels and have the capacity to redefine our
Economic Evaluation of Ticagrelor Plus Aspirin Versus Aspirin Alone for Acute Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack

Background: Although ticagrelor plus aspirin is more effective than aspirin alone in preventing the 30-day risk of a composite of stroke or death in patients with an acute mild-to-moderate ischemic stroke (IS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA), the cost-effectiveness of this combination therapy remains unknown. This study aims to determine the cost-effectiveness of ticagrelor plus aspirin compared with aspirin alone. Methods: A combination of decision tree and Markov model was built to estimate the expected costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) associated with ticagrelor plus aspirin and aspirin alone in the treatment of patients with an acute mild-to-moderate IS or TIA. Model inputs were extracted from published sources. One-way sensitivity, probabilistic sensitivity, and subgroup analyses were performed to test the robustness of the findings. Results: Compared with aspirin alone, ticagrelor plus aspirin gained an additional lifetime QALY of 0.018 at an additional cost of the Chinese Yuan Renminbi (¥) of 269, yielding an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of ¥15,006 (US$2,207)/QALY. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that ticagrelor plus aspirin had a probability of 99.99% being highly cost-effective versus aspirin alone at the current willingness-to-pay threshold of ¥72,447 (US$10,500)/QALY in China. These findings remain robust under one-way sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Conclusions: The results indicated that early treatment with a 30-days ticagrelor plus aspirin for an acute mild-to-moderate IS or TIA is highly cost-effective in a Chinese setting.
Pharmacodynamic Thresholds for Beta-Lactam Antibiotics: A Story of Mouse Versus Man

Beta-lactams remain a critical member of our antibiotic armamentarium and are among the most commonly prescribed antibiotic classes in the inpatient setting. For these agents, the percentage of time that the free concentration remains above the minimum inhibitory concentration (%fT > MIC) of the pathogen has been shown to be the best predictor of antibacterial killing effects. However, debate remains about the quantity of fT > MIC exposure needed for successful clinical response. While pre-clinical animal based studies, such as the neutropenic thigh infection model, have been widely used to support dosing regimen selection for clinical development and susceptibility breakpoint evaluation, pharmacodynamic based studies in human patients are used validate exposures needed in the clinic and for guidance during therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). For the majority of studied beta-lactams, pre-clinical animal studies routinely demonstrated the fT > MIC should exceed approximately 40–70% fT > MIC to achieve 1 log reductions in colony forming units. In contrast, clinical studies tend to suggest higher exposures may be needed, but tremendous variability exists study to study. Herein, we will review and critique pre-clinical versus human-based pharmacodynamic studies aimed at determining beta-lactam exposure thresholds, so as to determine which targets may be best suited for optimal dosage selection, TDM, and for susceptibility breakpoint determination. Based on our review of murine and clinical literature on beta-lactam pharmacodynamic thresholds, murine based targets specific to each antibiotic are most useful during dosage regimen development and susceptibility breakpoint assessment, while a range of exposures between 50 and 100% fT > MIC are reasonable to define the beta-lactam TDM therapeutic window for most infections.
SIGGreen Pre-ICIS 2015 Workshop Socio-technical Transitions Towards Environmental Sustainability through Green ICT

We adopt the broad conceptualisation of Green Information Communication Technology (ICT) used by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), incorporating perspectives on Information Technology (IT) and Information Systems (IS) which has currency with both business practitioners and policy makers. The objective of our research is to develop a theory of the institutional mechanisms that underpin socio-technical transitions to environmental sustainability through the direct, indirect and systematic effects of Green ICT in and across organisational fields. We construct our theory by drawing on published research in several disciplines focusing on the organisational field of the ICT industry. We present a mechanism-based theoretical model that explains how institutional change in organisational fields can evoke appropriate socio-technical transitions and organisational responses to Green ICT. Systems researchers agree that Green ICT can help lower GHG emissions directly, through energy efficiencies and indirectly by enabling environmentally sustainable business processes. If this research is to be of theoretical or practical relevance it must recognize that government organizations and business enterprises may not adopt policies and strategies on Green ICT because it is rational or moral to do so rather, a web of social, and institutional mechanisms interact to produce the outcomes observed in practice.
Design and Construction of Bedrock Bench Mark for Magnetic Suspension Bullet Train Engineering in Shanghai

Magnetic suspension bullet train is a modem means of communication at present time. It has a strict demand with land subsidence control along the engineering line arid also the stabilization of surveying datums mark for land subsidence monitoring. In Shanghai, two bedrock bench marks have been designed and constructied as surveying datums for magnetic suspension train engineering. They have been significantly improved. This paper presents designing principle, structure characteristic and construction technology of bedrock bench marks.
A Novel Dual Buck Full Bridge Three-level Inverter

A novel dual Buck full bridge three-level inverter (DBFBTLI) was presented. This inverter derived from the traditional dual Buck half bridge dual-level inverter (DBHBI) which had the characteristics of no shoot-through problem, preserving circuit configuration and high efficiency operation. Those merits were remained in proposed inverter. Meanwihe disadvantages of DBHBI were overcame in DBFBTLI, such as voltage stress was halved. Though input voltage was higher, the proposed inverter was also suitable. Because the bridge output wave changed to uni-polarity wave from dual-polarity wave of traditional half bridge inverter, the harmonic contents of output voltage were smaller, so the output filter could be reduced. The two big input equalizing capacitors were not need any more in this new inverter. Experiment verifies those analysis.
Adaptive Frequency Transform for Speaker Identification

A novel method for speaker identification based on adaptive frequency transform is proposed here.According to the fact that the speaker information is non-uniformly distributed in frequency bands,the discrimination power between frequency components and individual characteristics is examined and the speaker information is quantified based on Fisher's F-ration.A new adaptive frequency filter is designed,which can improve the frequency resolution in high contribution frequency domain,reduce the frequency resolution in low contribution frequency domain,and extract the discriminative feature DFCC(Discriminative frequency cepstral coefficient). In a clean environment,the results from the experiments on different testing materials indicate that the recognition rates based on DFCC increases by 1.45% on average than on traditional MFCC(Mel frequency cepstral coefficient),which confirms that the proposed feature is stable and independent of spoken contents.Furthermore,in the noise environment of different SNR levels,the experiment results demonstrate that the recognition rate increases by 6.37% on average,which confirms the effectiveness of discrimination and robustness of DFCC.
Waves: A Collaborative Navigation Technique for Large Interactive Surfaces

Digital tables offer the possibility of performing collaborative tasks where two or more people can share artifacts in the same virtual space. However, most interactive methods of navigating through virtual space most commonly have the effect of changing the entire digital display simultaneously. In this thesis, I performed an exploratory study providing evidence for differences between two popular collaborative navigation techniques used in video games, split screens and single shared screen, in situational awareness, interference between collaborators, and difficulties with automatic view adjustment. Drawing inspiration from guidelines formulated from the results of the exploratory study, as well as previous work in interactive tabletops, collaboration, and navigation in information visualization, I designed and implemented Waves, a collaborative navigation technique for the tabletop. Waves simultaneously supports multiple personal workspaces, provides group workspace awareness, and mediates interference between workspaces.
Is youth smoking responsive to cigarette prices? Evidence from low- and middle-income countries

Objective To estimate the price elasticity of cigarette demand among youth in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Data The Global Youth Tobacco Survey was used to obtain data on the smoking behaviour of 315 353 adolescents from 17 LMIC. Design Two-part model of cigarette demand with country ﬁxed effects. The ﬁrst part estimates the impact of prices on smoking participation while the second part estimates the impact of prices on the number of cigarettes smoked among current smokers. Besides controlling for individual characteristics such as Age, Gender, Parental Smoking and availability of Pocket Money, the authors control for confounding environmental factors such as anti-smoking sentiment, the prevalence of cigarette advertising and anti-tobacco media messAges, and ease of purchasing cigarettes. All countries in this study are represented with at least two observations over time, which allows us to control for unobserved country characteristics and/or policies that may inﬂuence smoking patterns within countries. Results estimated price elasticity of smoking participation is (cid:1) and the estimated price elasticity of conditional cigarette demand (cid:1) The total price elasticity of cigarette demand is (cid:1) 2.11, implying that an increase in price of 10% would reduce youth cigarette consumption by 21.1% at the mean.
Microsoft Word-72803376-file00

Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Fruebjergvej 3 and Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark (C.M., D.E.G., R.P.C., U.M., J.M.M., H.B.O.); NNF Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark (K.H.); Department for Biologics (L.Ø.P.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology (S.M.N.), H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500 Valby, Denmark (L.Ø.P.); Department of Chemical & Pharmacokinetic Science, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA (H.N.J.) Molecular Pharmacology Fast Forward. Published on August 16, 2012 as doi:10.1124/mol.112. 078808
What the Fork? Finding Hidden Code Clones in npm

This work presents findings and mitigations on an under-studied issue, which we term shrinkwrapped clones, that is endemic to the npm software package ecosystem. A shrink-wrapped clone is a package which duplicates, or near-duplicates, the code of another package without any indication or refer-ence to the original package. This phenomenon represents a challenge to the hygiene of package ecosystems, as a clone package may siphon interest from the package being cloned, or create hidden duplicates of vulnerable, insecure code which can fly under the radar of audit processes. Motivated by these considerations, we propose UNWRAP-PER, a mechanism to programmatically detect shrinkwrapped clones and match them to their source package. UNWRAP-PER uses a package difference metric based on directory tree similarity, augmented with a prefilter which quickly weeds out packages unlikely to be clones of a target. Overall, our prototype can compare a given package within the entire npm ecosystem (1,716,061 packages with 20,190,452 differ-ent versions) in 72.85 seconds, and it is thus practical for live deployment. Using our tool, we performed an analysis of a subset of npm packages, which resulted in finding up to 6,292 previously unknown shrinkwrapped clones, of which up to 207 carried vulnerabilities from the original package that had already been fixed in the original package. None of such vulnerabilities were discoverable via the standard npm audit process.