Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathogenesis and treatment of multiple myeloma

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second‐ranking malignancy in hematological tumors. The pathogenesis of MM is complex with high heterogeneity, and the development of the disease is a multistep process. Chromosomal translocations, aneuploidy, genetic mutations, and epigenetic aberrations are essential in disease initiation and progression. The correlation between MM cells and the bone marrow microenvironment is associated with the survival, progression, migration, and drug resistance of MM cells. In recent decades, there has been a significant change in the paradigm for the management of MM. With the development of proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapies, and novel agents, the survival of MM patients has been significantly improved. In addition, nanotechnology acts as both a nanocarrier and a treatment tool for MM. The properties and responsive conditions of nanomedicine can be tailored to reach different goals. Nanomedicine with a precise targeting property has offered great potential for drug delivery and assisted in tumor immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis and current treatment options of MM, then overview recent advances in nanomedicine‐based systems, aiming to provide more insights into the treatment of MM.
Annealing behavior of a proton irradiated Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1{minus}x}N/GaN high electron mobility transistor grown by MBE

The influence of proton irradiation (1.8 MeV, 1 x 10{sup 14}cm{sup {minus}2}) on the properties of an Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1{minus}x}N/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is studied from current-voltage (I-V) and Raman scattering measurements as a function of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) temperature after irradiation. The I-V curves show that the saturation current (I{sub ds}) and the transconductance (g{sub m}) of the HEMT were seriously reduced by the irradiation. However, the dc characteristics of the HEMT could be mostly recovered by RTA at over 800 C.
Communication technologies to design vehicle-to-vehicle and vehile-to-infrastructures applications

Intelligent Transport Systems use communication technologies to offer real-time traffic information services to road users and government managers. Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks is an important component of ITS where vehicles communicate with other vehicles and road-side infrastructures, analyze and process received information, and make decisions according to that. However, features like high vehicle speeds, constant mobility, varying topology, traffic density, etc. induce challenges that make conventional wireless technologies unsuitable for vehicular networks. This paper focuses on the process of designing efficient vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to road-side infrastructure applications.
Enhancement of Band width and Gain by Using 3×4 Array of Metamaterial Based Patch Antenna for RF Energy Harvesting at GSM 1800

Using metamaterial based 3 × 4 array split ring resonators on to a stepped rectangular patch antenna with defective ground plane is proposed for energy harvesting at downlink radio frequency range of GSM 1800 band. The study is focused on investigation for improvement in the performance of antenna over the conventional patch antenna by shaping the meta-material structure of superstrate layer. The results showed an improvement of 17.25% (109MHz) impedance bandwidth and gain of 61.16% (1.907). Also the effects of position, the distance of superstrate layer (air gap) and the dimensions of antenna are analysed. The results of the simulation without and with metamaterial structure on the performance of the antenna were discussed in this article.
Knowledge and understanding about genetically modified (GM) crops among smallholder farmers in Northern Ghana

Ghana had made steady progress towards the commercialization of Genetically Modified (GM) crops amidst mounting opposition. This paper presents findings of an empirical study on smallholder farmers’ knowledge and understanding of GM crops. Data used in this study was sourced from a survey conducted among members of Farmer Based Organizations (FBOs) in Northern Ghana in which 120 FBOs across 10 districts in the then three northern regions: Northern, Upper East, and Upper West regions were sampled through a multi-stage sampling technique. Personal and key informant interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were employed in collecting data for the study. Descriptive statistics and discourse analysis were employed in analyzing the data gathered from the survey. Analysis of respondents’ narratives on GM crops revealed a wide array of ideas ranging from factual, partly factual, mystical to a fictitious understanding about GM crops. In general, what smallholder farmers in northern Ghana know and understand about GM crops can be described as patchy and vague. The study found a significant relationship (  2 = 29.565; df = 2; P>|  2 | = 0.004) between the source of information on GM crops and the accuracy of farmers’ knowledge and understanding about GM crops. It is therefore recommended that National Biosafety Authority (NBA) should strengthen their public education on GM crops and Ghana’s agricultural major differences among the approaches are coding schemes, origins of codes, and threats to trustworthiness. In conventional content analysis, coding categories are derived directly from the text data. As such this study applied conventional content analysis with open and direct coding procedure. Analysis of the qualitative data began with open coding system, where transcribed narratives obtained from focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were broken down into smaller parts. That is, all data obtained from qualitative research questions were closely examined for categories, main themes and sub-themes.
A Cognitively Inspired Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Web Service Oriented Middleware for a Traffic Monitoring System

We describe CoSMo, a Cognitively Inspired Service and Model Architecture for situational awareness and monitoring of vehicular traffic in urban transportation systems using a network of wireless sensors. The system architecture combines (i) a cognitively inspired internal representation for analyzing and answering queries concerning the observed system and (ii) a service oriented architecture that facilitates interaction among individual modules, of the internal representation, the observed system and the user. The cognitively inspired model architecture allows one to effectively respond to deductive as well as inductive queries by combining simulation based dynamic models with traditional relational databases. On the other hand the service oriented design of interaction allows one to build flexible, extensible and scalable systems that can be deployed in practical settings. To illustrate our concepts and the novel features of our architecture, we have recently completed a prototype implementation of CoSMo. The prototype illustrates advantages of our approach over other traditional approaches for designing scalable software for situational awareness in large complex systems. The basic architecture and its prototype implementation are generic and can be applied for monitoring other complex systems. CoSMo’s architecture has a number of features that distinguish cognitive systems. This includes: dynamic internal models of the observed system, inductive and deductive learning and reasoning, perception, memory and adaptation. This thesis describes the service oriented model and the associated prototype implementation. Two important contributions of this thesis include the following: i. The Generic Service Architecture CoSMo’s service architecture is generic and can be applied to many other application domains without much change in underlying infrastructure. ii. Integration of emerging web technologies Use of Web Services, UPnP, UDDI and many other emerging technologies have taken CoSMo beyond a prototype implementation and towards a real production system.
A systematic review on spectator behavior in esports: why do people watch?

PurposeEsports is rapidly growing in popularity and viewership. The study's purpose was threefold: (1) to provide a systematic review and synthesis of esports spectatorship research. (2) to provide a reference for the psychology of consumer behavior in esports live streaming and esports event attendance. (3) to deliver a clear picture of the factors that impact consumer behavior in esports online and on-site consumption.Design/methodology/approachThe study systematically reviews motivational aspects of online and on-site spectatorship using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA). SCOPUS and Google Scholar were selected as social science databases. Twenty-five papers met the inclusion criteria: (1) published between 2000 and 2022, (2) empirical investigation, (3) focus on online and/or on-site esports spectatorship/events. Five papers implemented randomization to assess common method bias.FindingsTwenty-five papers qualified for subsequent analysis. The papers were mostly quantitative. They included a theoretical framework and investigated online esports spectatorship. Significant antecedents for motivation to watch esports online and/or on-site were fanship, tension release, entertainment, escaping everyday life and unique features like chat and direct communication. No consensus was found concerning similarities or differences between online and on-site esports spectatorship and traditional sports spectatorship.Originality/valueThis research contributed to a new theoretical, methodological and practical agenda. A more comparative approach analyzing contextual, structural and demographic cues could lead to a holistic picture of esports spectator motivation.
Association Between Large Numbers of Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in Basal Ganglia and Motor Performance in Elderly Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background and Objective Motor dysfunction is common in the elderly, and is associated with adverse consequences. Enlarged perivascular spaces in basal ganglia (BG-EPVSs) are considered an MRI marker of cerebral small-vessel diseases. However, the consequences of BG-EPVSs are largely unknown. In the present study, we aimed to explore the association between large numbers of BG-EPVSs and motor performance. Methods We prospectively recruited elderly individuals in the Neurology Department of our hospital from December 1, 2020 to January 31, 2022. Participants with >20 BG-EPVSs on the unilateral side of the slice containing the most EPVSs were classified as the BG-EPVS group (n=99) and the rest as controls (n=193). Motor performance was assessed by quantitative gait analysis, Tinetti test, timed up-and-go (TUG) test, and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis were performed to investigate the association between BG-EPVSs and motor performance. Results Compared with the control group, the BG-EPVS group had lower gait speed and cadence, shorter stride length, longer TUG duration, and lower Tinetti gait test, Tinetti balance test, and SPPB scores (P<0.01). Spearman correlation analysis showed that BG-EPVSs were negatively related to gait speed, gait cadence, stride length, and Tinetti gait test, Tinetti balance test, and SPPB scores (ρ= –0.539 to –0.223, P<0.001) and positively related to TUG duration (ρ=0.397, P<0.001). Regression analysis indicated that BG-EPVSs were an independent risk factor of lower gait speed, shorter stride length, poor balance, and poor general physical performance after adjusting for confounders (β= –0.313 to –0.206, P<0.01). Conclusion Large numbers of BG-EPVSs were independently related to poor gait, balance, and general physical performance in elderly individuals, which provides information about the consequences of BG-EPVSs and risk factors for motor dysfunction.
A Relative Study and Analysis of Various Energy Efficiency Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks

The energy efficiency is one of the most stringent requirements to develop any real time application using wireless sensor in harsh ad-hoc networking scenarios. The wireless sensor nodes are deployed in large numbers in the environments like hilly terrains, forests, oceans or marine locations. The physical access to the nodes deployed in this area or the human intervention forms a major inconvenience because of which it becomes necessary to have an energy efficient performance in sensor nodes which can be judged in terms of routing, coverage, connectivity. These are the parameters from which we can make how effectively the area is covered by the deployment of sensor nodes. The paper presents a relative study and analysis of various energy efficiency schemes for wireless sensor networks. The energy conservation and the smart energy performance of sensor nodes play a vital role in wireless sensor networks. The energy efficiency can be achieved and judged in terms of routing, coverage and connectivity for the sensor nodes. The term routing incorporates the whole scenario of the data being circulated from one node to another and finally to the base station or the sink node which further sends the information to the required places. The clustering plays a key role in sensor network environment when the routing of data is considered. The randomly deployed sensor nodes will form small groups called as clusters. A node will be appointed as a cluster head, all the send their transmission to the head and it will be then forwarded to the base station. If each node has equal likelihood to become a cluster head, then the total area will be effectively covered for longer time. This is the basic concept of LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) protocol because of which is can be used in routing as well as coverage schemes. The paper (1) proposes LEACH protocol in which all the data from nodes is sent to a cluster head, aggregated compressed and sent to the sink node. A stochastic algorithm decides the probability of the node in the cluster to become head in the round. The assumption made is that each node has sufficient radio power to send the data to the cluster head or base station whichever is nearer to it. This causes not a disciplined use of power associated with each sensor node. However the primary objective of it is to lower the energy usage in wireless sensor nodes to improve the lifetime of the network. The paper (2) proposes a SEP (Stability Election Protocol) which is a heterogeneous protocol to elongate the time before the first node actually dies. The probability of the node to become cluster head is weighted depending upon the remaining energy of that node. The protocol used for the sensor nodes will increase the stability of the network. The paper (3) proposes a TEEN (Threshold Sensitive Energy Efficient Network) protocol which is the first protocol developed for reactive networks and used in temperature sensing application that divides the sensor nodes
The Construction and Effect Analysis of Nursing Safety Quality Management Based on Data Mining

Data mining belongs to knowledge discovery, which is the process of revealing hidden, unknown, and valuable information from a large amount of fuzzy application data. The potential information revealed by data mining can help decision-makers adjust market strategies and reduce market risks. The information mined can be the discovery of a particular study and little known, which must be based on the principle of truth. Nursing safety means that during nursing work, the nursing staff must strictly follow the nursing system and operating procedures, accurately execute doctor's orders, implement nursing plans, and ensure that patients get physical and mental safety during treatment and recovery. This paper aims to explore the construction of nursing safety quality management system and its effect analysis based on data mining. It is hoped that improvements in hospital nursing processes will provide better nursing services for patients using data mining techniques. This paper uses the FP algorithm to mine the data set and generates frequent itemsets, proposes and implements the association rule mining algorithm, and obtains the association rules with practical reference value. This article analyzes the current status and existing problems of nursing management, and puts forward some problems existing in the current nursing management staff's own quality, nursing quality system standards, and nursing management system. The experimental results in this article show that there are 42 cases of poor nursing due to lack of basic medical knowledge, accounting for 52%; there are 12 cases of poor nursing due to their own diseases, accounting for 15%; there were 7 cases of poor nursing due to lack of communication, accounting for 9%; there were 15 cases of poor nursing caused by unreasonable use of restraint devices, accounting for 19%. From these data, it can be seen that patients need to have basic medical knowledge and act in strict accordance with doctors' orders. Family members also need to accompany the patients more and cooperate with all parties in order to maximize the effectiveness of care.
Breathing, (S)Training and the Pelvic Floor—A Basic Concept

Background: The current scientific literature is inconsistent regarding the potential beneficial or deleterious effects of high-intensity physical activities on the pelvic floor (PF) in women. So far, it has not been established with certainty whether disparate breathing mechanisms may exert short- or long-term influence on the PF function in this context, although based on the established physiological interrelationship of breathing with PF activation, this seems plausible. Objective: To propose a basic concept of the influence of different breathing patterns on the PF during strenuous physical efforts. Methodical approaches: Review of the recent literature, basic knowledge of classical western medicine regarding the principles of muscle physiology and the biomechanics of breathing, additional schematic illustrations, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data corroborate the proposed concept and exemplify the consequences of strenuous efforts on the PF in relation to respective breathing phases. Conclusion: The pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) physiologically act as expiratory muscles in synergy with the anterolateral abdominal muscles, contracting during expiration and relaxing during inspiration. Obviously, a strenuous physical effort requires an expiratory motor synergy with the PFM and abdominal muscles in a co-contracted status to train the PFM and protect the PF against high intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). Holding breath in an inspiratory pattern during exertion stresses the PF because the high IAP impinges on the relaxed, hence insufficiently protected, PFMs. It seems conceivable that such disadvantageous breathing, if performed regularly and repeatedly, may ultimately cause PF dysfunction. At any rate, future research needs to take into account the respective breathing cycles during measurements and interventions addressing PFM function.
Performance Analysis and Optimization of Delayed Offloading System With Opportunistic Fog Node

Fog node (FN) close to Internet of Things (IoT) devices can be exploited to offload the computing task of IoT devices. However, when lots of tasks are simultaneously offloaded from multiple IoT devices, FN can be overloaded. To mitigate this problem, we introduce a DYSON: DelaYed offloading System with Opportunistic fog Node (OFN) such as vehicles and mobile phones which can opportunistically reduce the load of static FN thanks to their mobility. In DYSON, to maximize the offloading effect of OFN, when IoT device cannot use OFN, it delays the task offloading with the expectation of future contacts of OFN. To assess the performance of DYSON, we develop an analytic model for the opportunistic offloading probability that the task can be offloaded to OFN. Based on the analytic model, we derive the optimal delay timer to maximize the opportunistic offloading probability while maintaining the probability that the task cannot be processed within the deadline below a target probability. Extensive simulation results are provided to show the superiority of DYSON.
A Flux‐Modulating Synchronous Machine with Permanent Magnet Excitation

This paper presents a novel type of flux‐modulating synchronous machine (FMSM) in which permanent magnets (PMs) are embedded in the stator back‐iron. The rotor has neither windings nor PMs. A prototype machine with an outer‐rotor configuration was designed and manufactured to validate the operating principle of the FMSM. The characteristics in the motor mode of the prototype machine were also investigated with a vector control system. The results of the investigations show that, as in surface‐mounted PM motors, the torque of the FMSM is predominantly generated by the PM flux and can be controlled using the armature current.
A Review of Cyanophage–Host Relationships: Highlighting Cyanophages as a Potential Cyanobacteria Control Strategy

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are naturally occurring phenomena, and cyanobacteria are the most commonly occurring HABs in freshwater systems. Cyanobacteria HABs (cyanoHABs) negatively affect ecosystems and drinking water resources through the production of potent toxins. Furthermore, the frequency, duration, and distribution of cyanoHABs are increasing, and conditions that favor cyanobacteria growth are predicted to increase in the coming years. Current methods for mitigating cyanoHABs are generally short-lived and resource-intensive, and have negative impacts on non-target species. Cyanophages (viruses that specifically target cyanobacteria) have the potential to provide a highly specific control strategy with minimal impacts on non-target species and propagation in the environment. A detailed review (primarily up to 2020) of cyanophage lifecycle, diversity, and factors influencing infectivity is provided in this paper, along with a discussion of cyanophage and host cyanobacteria relationships for seven prominent cyanoHAB-forming genera in North America, including: Synechococcus, Microcystis, Dolichospermum, Aphanizomenon, Cylindrospermopsis, Planktothrix, and Lyngbya. Lastly, factors affecting the potential application of cyanophages as a cyanoHAB control strategy are discussed, including efficacy considerations, optimization, and scalability for large-scale applications.
Profitability and Company Size on Stock Prices with Debt-to-Equity Ratio as a Moderating Variable

This study aims to find out whether profitability and company size were investors' considerations in assessing a company, thus affecting stock prices. The researcher also added a moderating variable, Debt to Equity Ratio to find out whether the relationship between the independent and dependent variables could be amplified or attenuated. The population of this study is companies listed on IDX from 2017 to 2020. The sampling method used is purposive sampling. Sample 244 companies from a total population of 721. Analysis of data using the partial least squares PLS method. Test results, suggest that profitability and company size affect stock prices positively and significantly, as well as no moderating effect of the Debt-to-Equity Ratio on the relationship between profitability and company size on stock prices.