Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the differences between domestic and foreign cultural tourist behaviour visiting Malacca

In 2008, Malacca was awarded as one of World Heritage Site by UNESCO. With this award, it enables Malacca to use the award as leverage to boost its cultural tourism industry. Although Malacca is an important heritage site in Malaysia, but there is no much research being done to study the touristâ€™s behaviour in Malacca. The main objective of this research project is to conduct an exploratory study on the differences between local and foreign touristâ€™s behaviour in Malacca. Through this research project, the underlying touristâ€™s behaviours such as motivation, destination choice, consumption behaviour, and sources of information would be studied and analysed. This study was conducted at the Old Fort Aâ€™-Famosa with 300 respondents comprise of 150 local and 150 foreign tourists respectively. From the study findings, it acknowledged that there are no major differences between local and foreign tourists in term of motivation dimension. Both local and foreign tourists stated that relaxation and exploring as their main motivation to visit Malacca. For destination choice dimension, foreign tourists considered visiting heritage site as a necessity compared to local tourists. In consumption behaviour dimension, there are major differences between local and foreign touristâ€™s behaviours. Foreign touristâ€™s expenditure is much larger compared to local touristâ€™s expenditure. One of the reasons is most of local tourists prefer to spend one day to visit Malacca. Meanwhile, most of the foreign tourists will stay more than two nights in Malacca. Finally, the most vital source of information for the potential tourists is words of mouths from the previous tourists to Malacca. At the end of chapter five, a 4 Ps marketing mix is proposed to help the relevant stakeholders to enhance the cultural tourism industry in Malacca. Based on this finding on local and foreign touristâ€™s behaviour, government agency, local authority and tour operators can work simultaneously to develop and propel the cultural tourism in Malacca to the international stage.
Two Novel Mouse Models Mimicking Minor Deletions in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Revealed the Contribution of Each Deleted Region to Psychiatric Disorders

Ryo Saito The University of Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Chika Miyoshi University of Tsukuba: Tsukuba Daigaku Michinori Koebis The University of Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Itaru Kushima Nagoya University: Nagoya Daigaku Kazuki Nakao Osaka University: Osaka Daigaku Daisuke Mori Nagoya University: Nagoya Daigaku Norio Ozaki Nagoya University: Nagoya Daigaku Hiromasa Funato University of Tsukuba: Tsukuba Daigaku Masashi Yanagisawa University of Tsukuba: Tsukuba Daigaku Atsu Aiba (  aiba@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp ) The University of Tokyo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8192-0778
Retinal metabolic and structural alterations in response to aflibercept treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration

Purpose Non‐invasive retinal markers of disease activity could pave the way for individualized treatment in neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD). We aimed to evaluate if retinal vascular oxygen saturation and calibres could predict the initial treatment response after a loading phase of intravitreal aflibercept in nAMD. Method A total of 149 eyes were included (nAMD, n=76; dry AMD, n=30; normal eyes n=43). Of these, 57 treatment‐naïve eyes with nAMD received three monthly injections with 2.0 mg aflibercept and were subsequently stratified according to functional and structural response according to development in best‐corrected visual acuity and macular retinal thickness. The retinal vascular oxygen saturation and calibres were measured prior to treatment and one month after the third injection. Results multiple logistic retinal Conclusion Changes in the retinal venular oxygen saturation associate independently with initial treatment response in but functional and structural retinal measurements prior to aflibercept, retinal oximetry, retinal vascular calibre, disease activity. visual acuity (continuous variables) by using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with retinal vascular oxygen saturation and calibre as predictors for treatment outcome in a model adjusted for age, sex, smoking, diabetes and time between last injection and follow‐up. P‐values under 0.05 were defined as statistically significant, and STATA 14.2 (StataCorp, College Station, TX) was used for all statistical tests.
Potassium-argon age of the Glenham Porphyry, Murihiku terrane, eastern Southland, New Zealand

Abstract The Glenham Porphyry is a suite of andesitic terrestrial flows and subvolcanic intrusions in an inlier of Murihiku Supergroup sediments in eastern Southland. Potassium-argon dating has been used to determine the age of the volcanics. Plagioclase ages are in the range 182–240 Ma, indicating a probable Late Triassic to Early Jurassic time of extrusion. Discordant younger ages of whole-rock samples indicate argon loss from the glassy matrix, possibly caused by low-grade regional metamorphism during the Rangitata Orogeny.
Hippocampus and amygdala fear memory engrams re-emerge after contextual fear relapse

The formation and extinction of fear memories represent two forms of learning that each engage the hippocampus and amygdala. How cell populations in these areas contribute to fear relapse, however, remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that, in male mice, cells active during fear conditioning in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus exhibit decreased activity during extinction and are re-engaged after contextual fear relapse. In vivo calcium imaging reveals that relapse drives population dynamics in the basolateral amygdala to revert to a network state similar to the state present during fear conditioning. Finally, we find that optogenetic inactivation of neuronal ensembles active during fear conditioning in either the hippocampus or amygdala is sufficient to disrupt fear expression after relapse. These results suggest that fear relapse triggers a partial re-emergence of the original fear memory representation, providing new insight into the neural substrates of fear relapse.
Changes in effective stress during the 2003–2004 Ubaye seismic swarm, France

[1] We study changes in effective stress (normal stress minus pore pressure) that occurred in the French Alps during the 2003–2004 Ubaye earthquake swarm. Two complementary data sets are used. First, a set of 974 relocated events allows us to finely characterize the shape of the seismogenic area and the spatial migration of seismicity during the crisis. Relocations are performed by a double‐difference algorithm. We compute differences in travel times at stations both from absolute picking times and from cross‐correlation delays of multiplets. The resulting catalog reveals a swarm alignment along a single planar structure striking N130°E and dipping 80°W. This relocated activity displays migration properties consistent with a triggering by a diffusive fluid overpressure front. This observation argues in favor of a deep‐seated fluid circulation responsible for a significant part of the seismic activity in Ubaye. Second, we analyze time series of earthquake detections at a single seismological station located just above the swarm. This time series forms a dense chronicle of +16,000 events. We use it to estimate the history of effective stress changes during this sequence. For this purpose we model the rate of events by a stochastic epidemic‐type aftershock sequence model with a nonstationary background seismic rate l0(t). This background rate is estimated in discrete time windows. Window lengths are determined optimally according to a new change‐point method on the basis of the interevent times distribution. We propose that background events are triggered directly by a transient fluid circulation at depth. Then, using rate‐and‐state constitutive friction laws, we estimate changes in effective stress for the observed rate of background events. We assume that changes in effective stress occurred under constant shear stressing rate conditions. We finally obtain a maximum change in effective stress close to −8 MPa, which corresponds to a maximum fluid overpressure of about 8 MPa under constant normal stress conditions. This estimate is in good agreement with values obtained from numerical modeling of fluid flow at depth, or with direct measurements reported from fluid injection experiments.
Basin Evaluation by Integrated Two-Dimensional Modeling of Heat Transfer, Fluid Flow, Hydrocarbon Generation, and Migration

The basin model discussed in this paper describes the physical and chemical phenomena that control the formation of commercial accumulations of hydrocarbons in the moving framework of a subsiding sedimentary basin: heat transfer, compaction and water flow, hydrocarbon generation, and two-phase migration of fluids. The model reproduces the influence of conductivity variations and of transient heat transfer on paleotemperatures. Quantitative verification of the paleotemperature reconstruction and of the kinetic model of hydrocarbon generation may be obtained from present temperatures and geochemical data. Compaction-driven flows and overpressures are described by coupling a compaction law with Darcy's law for water flow and a criterion for natural hydraulic fracturing. This formulation allows modeling of overpressures in young deltaic sequences (e.g., the Mahakam delta, Indonesia) as well as in old rift basins (e.g., the North Sea). An adapted two-phase Darcy's law reproduces primary and secondary migration. In particular, the model helps investigate the role of overpressures and fault behavior o hydrocarbon migration and entrapment. Our results confirm that basin models contribute to the synthesis of geological, geophysical, and geochemical data consistently. By defining parameters for petroleum evaluations, these models increase exploration efficiency.
Reconnaissance electrical surveys in the Coso Range, California

Telluric current, audiomagnetotelluric (AMT), and direct current (dc) methods were used to study the electrical structure of the Coso Range and Coso geothermal area. Telluric current mapping outlined major resistivity lows associated with conductive valley fill of the Rose Valley basin, the Coso Basin, and the northern extension of the Coso Basin east of Coso Hot Springs. A secondary resistivity low with a north-south trend runs through the Coso Hot Springs-Devil's Kitchen geothermal area. The secondary low in the geothermal area, best defined by the 7.5-Hz AMT map and dc soundings, is caused by a shallow conductive zone (5–30 ohm m) interpreted to be hydrothermally altered Sierra Nevada basement rocks containing saline water of a hot water geothermal system. This zone of lowest apparent resistivities over the basement rocks lies within a closed contour of a heat flow anomaly where all values are greater than 10 heat flow units.
Behaviorally consequential astrocytic 2 regulation of neural circuits 3

Astrocytes represent a large and diverse population of morphologically complex cells that exist throughout nervous systems of multiple species. Progress over the last two decades has shown that astrocytes mediate developmental, physiological, and pathological processes. However, a longstanding open question concerns how astrocytes regulate neural circuits in ways that are behaviorally consequential. In these regards, we summarize recent studies from Caenorhabditis elegans , Drosophila melanogaster , Danio rerio , and Mus musculus. The data reveal diverse astrocyte mechanisms operating on seconds or much longer time scales within neural circuits and shaping multiple behavioral outputs. We also refer to human diseases that have a known primary 57 astrocytic basis. We suggest that including astrocytes in mechanistic, theoretical, and computational studies of neural circuits provides new perspectives to understand behavior, its regulation, and its disease-related manifestations.
Small molecule inhibition of apicomplexan FtsH1 disrupts plastid biogenesis in human pathogens

The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and related apicomplexan pathogens contain an essential plastid organelle, the apicoplast, which is a key anti-parasitic target. Derived from secondary endosymbiosis, the apicoplast depends on novel, but largely cryptic, mechanisms for protein/lipid import and organelle inheritance during parasite replication. These critical biogenesis pathways present untapped opportunities to discover new parasite-specific drug targets. We used an innovative screen to identify actinonin as having a novel mechanism-of-action inhibiting apicoplast biogenesis. Resistant mutation, chemical-genetic interaction, and biochemical inhibition demonstrate that the unexpected target of actinonin in P. falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii is FtsH1, a homolog of a bacterial membrane AAA+ metalloprotease. Pf FtsH1 is the first novel factor required for apicoplast biogenesis identified in a phenotypic screen. Our findings demonstrate that FtsH1 is a novel and, importantly, druggable antimalarial target. Development of FtsH1 inhibitors will have significant advantages with improved drug kinetics and multistage efficacy against multiple human parasites.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Is Involved in the Attenuation of Experimentally Induced Rat Glomerulonephritis

Background/Aim: Among various kidney disease models, there are few rat glomerulonephritis (GN) models that develop in a short time, and with mainly glomerular lesions. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is a transcriptional factor that induces genes supporting cell survival, but the involvement of HIF-1α in attenuating the progression of GN remains to be elucidated. We developed a new model of rat GN by coadministration of angiotensin II (AII) with Habu snake venom (HV) and investigated whether HIF-1α is involved in renal protection. Methods: Male Wistar rats were unilaterally nephrectomized on day 1, and divided into 4 groups on day 0; N group (no treatment), HV group, A group (AII), and H+A group (HV and AII). To preinduce HIF-1α, cobalt chloride (CoCl2) was injected twice before injections of HV and AII in 11 rats. Results: GN was detected only in the H+A group; observed first on day 2 and aggravated thereafter. HIF-1α was expressed in the glomeruli and renal tubules in the A and H+A groups. In the H+A group, GN was remarkably reduced by CoCl2 pretreatment (44.9 to 12.2%, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Both HV and AII were critical for the development of GN, and HIF-1α remarkably attenuated the progression of GN.
Conversion of the universal soil loss equation to SI metric units

ABSTRACT: The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is widely used to estimate erosion in the United States and foreign countries. With foreign application of the USLE and adoption of the International System of Units (SI) in the United States, conversion of the USLE to SI units is necessary. Conversion factors were derived by considering the dimensions of each variable of the USLE factors. These conversion factors may be used to convert USLE factor values given in U.S. customary units to SI units. However, when basic data for the USLE factors are already in SI units, values for the USLE factors can be computed directy in SI units without conversion from U.S. customary units.
The St. Eugene Formation and the Development of the Southern Rocky Mountain Trench

The Tertiary history of the southern Rocky Mountain Trench is inferred from a study of the distribution, stratigraphy, fabric, lithologic composition, structure, and palynology of the Miocene St. Eugene Formation in southeastern British Columbia.The St. Eugene Formation consists of flood-plain and fan facies and represents the upper part of up to about 1500 m of sediments which accumulated in the proto-Rocky Mountain Trench upon cessation of Laramide deformation and after initiation of extension and block faulting in the eastern Cordillera during Eocene or early Oligocene time. Deep Tertiary basins in the southern Rocky Mountain Trench are bounded on the east and west by high-angle faults parallel to the Trench margins and on the north and south by faults transverse to the trend of the Trench. Block faulting of a half-graben style was probably contemporaneous with sediment deposition, but at least 600 m of displacement on the east boundary fault postdates deposition of the St. Eugene Formation. Although t.
Angiotensin II Activates the RhoA Exchange Factor Arhgef1 in Humans

Although a causative role for RhoA-Rho kinase has been recognized in the development of human hypertension, the molecular mechanism(s) and the RhoA guanine exchange factor(s) responsible for the overactivation of RhoA remain unknown. Arhgef1 was identified as a RhoA guanine exchange factor involved in angiotensin II (Ang II)–mediated regulation of vascular tone and hypertension in mice. The aim of this study was to determine whether Arhgef1 is activated and involved in the activation of RhoA-Rho kinase signaling by Ang II in humans. In vitro stimulation of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by Ang II (0.1 &mgr;mol/L) induced activation of Arhgef1 attested by its increased tyrosine phosphorylation. Silencing of Arhgef1 expression by siRNA inhibited Ang II–induced activation of RhoA-Rho kinase signaling. In normotensive subjects, activation of the renin–angiotensin system by a low-salt diet for 7 days increased RhoA-Rho kinase signaling and stimulated Arhgef1 activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In conclusion, our results strongly suggest that Arhgef1 mediates Ang II–induced RhoA activation in humans. Moreover, they show that measurement of RhoA guanine exchange factor activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells might be a useful method to evaluate RhoA guanine exchange factor activity in humans.
Shear-wave point singularities in sedimentary basins

Shear waves may not behave uniformly for all directions of propagation in sedimentary basins. Splitting of seismic shear-waves (bi-refringence) is observed in many sedimentary basins, and appears to be caused by propagation through a combination of two phenomena: 1) the azimuthal isotropy of fine horizontal layering or Iithology, leading to transverse isotropy with a vertical axis of symmetry, and velocity anisotropy of anything up to 30 or 40%; and 2) the azimuthal anisotropy of stress-aligned fluid-fiIled cracks, microcracks, and preferentially oriented pore-space, leading to transverse isotropy with a horizontal axis of symmetry, and much weaker velocity anisotropy (often less than 5 %). The combination of the two transverse isotropies with orthogonal axes of summetry leads to an orthorhombic symmetry system.
177Lu-DOTA-EB-TATE, A Radiolabeled Analog of Somatostatin Receptor Type 2, for the Imaging and Treatment of Thyroid Cancer

Lu-DOTA-EB-TATE, A Radiolabeled Analog of Somatostatin Receptor Type 2, for the Imaging and Treatment of Thyroid Cancer Shilpa Thakur, Brianna Daley, Corina Millo, Craig Cochran, Orit Jacobson, Huiyan Lu, Zhantong Wang, Dale O. Kiesewetter, Xiaoyuan Chen, Vasyl Vasko, Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska Affiliations: Metabolic Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Molecular Tracer and Imaging Core Facility, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. 4 National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Uniformed Services of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
RENAL CELL CARCINOMA STAGING Expert Panel on Urologic Imaging: Raghunandan

on Criteria and its have developed criteria for determining appropriate imaging examinations for diagnosis and treatment of specified medical condition(s). These criteria are intended to guide radiologists, oncologists and making decisions regarding radiologic imaging and treatment. Generally, the complexity and severity of a patient’s clinical condition should dictate the selection of appropriate imaging procedures or treatments. those examinations generally used for evaluation of the patient’s condition are ranked. Other imaging studies necessary to evaluate other co-existent diseases or other medical consequences of this condition are not considered in this The availability of equipment or personnel may the selection of appropriate imaging procedures or treatments. Imaging techniques as investigational by the FDA have been considered
Realistic quasi‐biennial oscillations in a simulation of the global climate

The tropical quasi‐biennial oscillation is one of the most spectacular examples of low frequency variability observed in the Earth's atmosphere, yet the oscillation is noted for its absence from numerical simulations of the global climate. Recent studies suggest that much of the required wave forcing for the oscillation is likely to come from buoyancy (gravity) waves [Sato and Dunkerton, 1997; Dunkerton, 1997] that are not well resolved in the numerical models currently used for climate prediction and global weather forecasting. Here we show that when the effects of these missing waves are parametrized in a comprehensive numerical model of the atmosphere, the simulation of the climate is improved by the generation of a realistic quasi‐biennial oscillation in the stratosphere.
Revisiting China's CO emissions after the Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) mission: Synthesis of inventories, atmospheric modeling, and observations

[1] A new inventory of CO emissions in China is presented for the year 2001. This inventory improves and updates the a priori CO emission inventory prepared in support of NASA's TRACE-P mission in the spring of 2001. Analysis of CO observations using chemical transport models in inverse and forward modes suggested that China's emissions were underestimated by about 50%. We have reexamined the source characteristics and conclude that emissions from cement kilns, brick kilns, and the iron and steel industry were underestimated. Our new estimate for China's CO emissions in 2001 is 157 Tg, 36% higher than the TRACE-P estimate for the year 2000 of 116 Tg. Bottom-up and modeled emission estimates are now in good agreement, which represents a major success story for the TRACE-P mission. The new inventory has been gridded at 30 min × 30 min resolution and tested with the CFORS/STEM-2K1 model, considerably improving the correlation between model predictions and observations (bias reduced from 27% to 9%). Propagation-of-error estimates in the new inventory yield an uncertainty of ±68% (95% confidence intervals), lower than the TRACE-P value of ±156%; however, the good agreement with results from inverse and forward models implies a greater level of confidence than this. The largest remaining uncertainties concern (1) characterization of open vegetation burning, which cannot be resolved without new field studies; (2) emission factors for small combustion devices, for which emissions testing is urgently needed; and (3) residential fuel consumption, which may require a reassessment of China's official statistics.