Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sexual dimorphism in the first rib of Homo sapiens

This work aimed to study sexual dimorphism in the first rib of modern humans, with a special focus on whether differences in shape are due to divergent allometric growth in males and females. Also, we compare the accuracy of sex classification using different approaches based on two methodologies, traditional morphometry based on linear measurements and geometric morphometric analysis based on 2D landmark coordinates. The sample studied here comprised 121 right and left first ribs from 65 female and male adult recent Euro‐American Homo sapiens individuals. For traditional morphometrics, 12 metric variables were collected from each rib using a digital caliper, and for geometric morphometrics, six landmarks and 31 semilandmarks were captured from photographs using digital software. Both geometric morphometric and metric data were analyzed to calculate the index of sexual dimorphism, variation related to lateral asymmetry, variation in size and shape, and allometric trends between males and females. Finally, a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was performed comparing both methodologies to test the best approach for sex classification. Results indicated that there are significant sex differences in the size and shape of the first ribs of recent Euro‐American Homo sapiens. Regression analysis revealed different allometric patterns for males and females, and this could partially explain shape differences between sexes. Additionally, traditional morphometrics showed that all characteristics analyzed are significantly dimorphic, with the midshaft minimum craniocaudal diameter, the sternal end minimum diameter, and the neck minimum craniocaudal diameter displaying the most dimorphic scores. Similarly, geometric morphometrics results indicated that males have more curved and interno‐exteriorly wider first ribs. Finally, analysis of sex classification using LDA yielded slightly better accuracy for traditional morphometry (83.8%) than the geometric morphometrics approach (81.3%) based on form Procrustes coordinates. This study demonstrates the usefulness of applying two different morphometric approaches to obtain more comprehensive results.
Tacit Knowledge Transfer through Global Narratives

textabstractA central topic in the knowledge management literature is the distinction between codified and tacit knowledge: the former refers to knowledge that is easily transmittable through formal, systematic language and communicated through blueprints, maps, manuals and similar formats, the latter to disembodied know-how, acquired via direct experience and informally learned behavior and procedures (Howells 2000: 53; Polanyi 1966). In today’s ever-changing and fast-paced global business environment, knowledge management is considered key in attaining a sustainable competitive advantage (Bartlett & Ghoshal 1993: 41; Grant 1996). And since technological innovations have increased the transferability of codified knowledge, the acquisition and dissemination of tacit knowledge has become particularly important. Multinational organizations have struggled with the transfer of tacit knowledge, supposedly because of the lack of physical (i.e. geographic) proximity between employees. Expatriation programs have long seemed to be the only solution.
Particulate matter exposure and non-cancerous inhalation health risk assessment of major dumpsites of Owerri metropolis, Nigeria

Numerous particulates are released from the dumpsites in Owerri metropolis and later dispersed to other areas in the environment where they cause adverse health challenges to the inhabitants. To analyze the PM concentrations, field measurements were carried out at seven major dumpsites in Owerri Metropolis. Estimates of the possible health risks as the result of exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10, etc.) were performed using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) human health risk assessment framework. A scenario assessment approach in which normal exposure and worst-case scenario were adopted for acute and chronic exposure periods for infants, children, and adults were carried out. The concentrations of PM2.5 which ranged from 122.30–501.76 μg/m3 at the dumpsites exceeded the WHO 24 hr annual mean maximum exposure limit. The Nigerian National Ambient Air Quality Standard allowable limit for PM10 was exceeded by most of the dumpsites. Hazard quotient > 1 was exceeded for PM 2.5 by nearly all dumpsites and is therefore likely to cause health challenges to people in the vicinity of the dumpsites. The results showed that under monthly conditions, both PM2.5 and PM10 concentration levels at the dumpsites have the potential to cause adverse health effects for infants, children, and adults on acute or chronic bases. Actions should be taken to regulate such PM exposure and to raise public awareness for the inhabitants of the affected areas. In conclusion, regular monitoring is therefore recommended to decrease the ambient particulate matter (PM) concentrations in the study area.
Inhaled interferons beta and SARS-COV2 infection: a preliminary therapeutic perspective

ABSTRACT Introduction SARS-COV2 infection represents a therapeutic challenge due to the limited number of effective therapies available and due to the fact that it is not clear which host response in terms of inflammation pattern is the most predictive for an optimal (and rapid) recovery. Interferon β pathway is impaired in SARS-COV2 infection and this is associated with a bigger disease burden. Exogenous inhaled interferon might be beneficial in this setting. Areas covered Nebulized interferon-β is currently investigated as a potential therapy for SARS-COV2 because the available data from a phase II study demonstrate that this medication is able to accelerate the recovery from disease. Expert opinion Further clinical studies are needed in order to better document the efficacy of this therapy especially in severe forms of COVID-19, the optimal duration of therapy and if such a medication is appropriate for domiciliary use. Also combined regimens with antivirals or with compounds which are able to enhance the endogenous production of interferon might be of promise.
Evaluation on the Photoabsorber Composition Effect in Projection Microstereolithography

This paper presents a research progress on composition photoabsorber effect the solidification time and layer thickness of 3D structures fabrication using Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) projector as energy light source to initiate the photoreactive polymer. The polymer based material with composition of 1,6-Hexanediol dicrylate, Phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)- phosphine oxide with varied Sudan I concentrations was used to build 3D structures. The structure was fabricated using a three different photo absorber composition of Sudan I then the photoreactive polymer solidification phe¬nomena was evaluated. Based on the result obtained, higher exposed time of the photo absorber will reduced the surface roughness values and increased the solidification layer time. This work represents that photo absorber composition solution gave a different characteristics for 3D microstructure fabrication.
An Investigation of a 3-PRS Parallel Motion Mechanism with Intersecting Rails

This study proposes a 3-axis AC servo motor parallel platform with intersecting rails. The 3-actuators are designed to be horizontally on the base platform with their extensions intersect in the base platform center. The forward kinematics, inverse kinematics and work space of this mechanism are established and the singularity distribution is investigated. Optimal maneuvering regions are recommended from the viewpoints of singularity and stiffness.
Dietary Fatty Acids, Macronutrient Substitutions, Food Sources and Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease: Findings From the EPIC‐CVD Case‐Cohort Study Across Nine European Countries

Background There is controversy about associations between total dietary fatty acids, their classes (saturated fatty acids [SFAs], monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids), and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Specifically, the relevance of food sources of SFAs to CHD associations is uncertain. Methods and Results We conducted a case‐cohort study involving 10 529 incident CHD cases and a random subcohort of 16 730 adults selected from a cohort of 385 747 participants in 9 countries of the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) study. We estimated multivariable adjusted country‐specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs per 5% of energy intake from dietary fatty acids, with and without isocaloric macronutrient substitutions, using Prentice‐weighted Cox regression models and pooled results using random‐effects meta‐analysis. We found no evidence for associations of the consumption of total or fatty acid classes with CHD, regardless of macronutrient substitutions. In analyses considering food sources, CHD incidence was lower per 1% higher energy intake of SFAs from yogurt (HR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.88–0.99]), cheese (HR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.96–1.00]), and fish (HR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.75–1.00]), but higher for SFAs from red meat (HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.02–1.12]) and butter (HR, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.00–1.04]). Conclusions This observational study found no strong associations of total fatty acids, SFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, with incident CHD. By contrast, we found associations of SFAs with CHD in opposite directions dependent on the food source. These findings should be further confirmed, but support public health recommendations to consider food sources alongside the macronutrients they contain, and suggest the importance of the overall food matrix.
Study of Public Building Energy Consumption Status and Energy Saving Potential

This study is based on the energy audit and energy consumption analysis of Taiyuan government office building and large public building, and objectiveiy appraises the building energy consumption, makes a quantitative analysis on energy consumption situation of the energy-using building. Then we know the problems of the public building energy consumption . we can conclude that the potential of public building energy efficiency ,and put forward energy-saving measures to promote the energy saving reform of public building.
Ageing characteristics of paper-insulated power cables

Most of the underground distribution cable in use in the United Kingdom is insulated by windings of paper tape which are impregnated with compounds of oil, wax and resin, in various proportions. The structure of this type of insulation is expected to deteriorate with time so that, even if the cable is mechanically undisturbed, the insulation may eventually be unable to withstand the applied electrical stress and the cable will fail. The author shows that under favourable circumstances a well-made cable may survive for several decades, but failures sometimes occur in cables only a few years old. >
Ecological optimisation of an irreversible regenerative intercooled Brayton heat engine with direct heat loss

SYNOPSIS The ecological function, which is defined as the power output minus the power loss (irreversibility), has been optimised with respect to working fluid temperatures and the optimal performance parameters of an irreversible regenerative intercooled Brayton heat engine with direct heat loss are calculated for a typical set of operating conditions. The effects of the source-side effectiveness are found to be greater than those of the other side effectiveness not only on the maximum ecological function but also on the corresponding power output and thermal efficiency. This particular result is different from those obtained by earlier workers available in the literature. Again, the effects of the turbine efficiency are found to be greater than those of the compressor efficiencies on all the performance parameters for the same set of operating conditions. On the other hand, there exist the optimum values of intercooling and cycle pressure ratios at which the cycle attains the maximum ecological function and the corresponding power output and thermal efficiency for a given set of operating parameters.
Ternary Blend Organic Solar Cells: Understanding the Morphology from Recent Progress

Ternary blend organic solar cells (TB‐OSCs) incorporating multiple donor and/or acceptor materials into the active layer have emerged as a promising strategy to simultaneously improve the overall device parameters for realizing higher performances than binary devices. Whereas introducing multiple materials also results in a more complicated morphology than their binary blend counterparts. Understanding the morphology is crucially important for further improving the device performance of TB‐OSC. This review introduces the solubility and miscibility parameters that affect the morphology of ternary blends. Then, this review summarizes the recent processes of morphology study on ternary blends from the aspects of molecular crystallinity, molecular packing orientation, domain size and purity, directly observation of morphology, vertical phase separation as well as morphological stability. Finally, summary and prospects of TB‐OSCs are concluded.
XPM-induced polarization-state fluctuations in WDM systems and their mitigation

In this paper, we show numerically and experimentally the degradation caused by cross phase modulation (XPM) in systems that use PMD compensators, as well as demonstrate a modulation scheme for mitigating this problem. We use a simple and effective model to evaluate this problem. We show the quantity of XPM-induced polarization-state fluctuations and induced system penalty for different conditions. In order to overcome this problem, we propose and demonstrate a novel intra-bit polarization modulation (IPDM) format.
Test-bed for the remote health monitoring system for bridge structures using FBG sensors

This paper reports on test-bed for the long-term health monitoring system for bridge structures employing fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, which is remotely accessible via the web, to provide real-time quantitative information on a bridge's response to live loading and environmental changes, and fast prediction of the structure's integrity. The sensors are attached on several locations of the structure and connected to a data acquisition system permanently installed onsite. The system can be accessed through remote communication using an optical cable network, through which the evaluation of the bridge behavior under live loading can be allowed at place far away from the field. Live structural data are transmitted continuously to the server computer at the central office. The server computer is connected securely to the internet, where data can be retrieved, processed and stored for the remote web-based health monitoring. Test-bed revealed that the remote health monitoring technology will enable practical, cost-effective, and reliable condition assessment and maintenance of bridge structures.
Atypical response to bacterial coinfection and persistent neutrophilic bronchoalveolar inflammation distinguish critical COVID-19 from influenza

Neutrophils are recognized as important circulating effector cells in the pathophysiology of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, their role within the inflamed lungs is incompletely understood. Here, we collected bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids and parallel blood samples of critically ill COVID-19 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and compared BAL fluid parameters with those of mechanically ventilated patients with influenza, as a non–COVID-19 viral pneumonia cohort. Compared with those of patients with influenza, BAL fluids of patients with COVID-19 contained increased numbers of hyperactivated degranulating neutrophils and elevated concentrations of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-17A, TNF-α, and G-CSF; the chemokines CCL7, CXCL1, CXCL8, CXCL11, and CXCL12α; and the protease inhibitors elafin, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1. In contrast, α-1 antitrypsin levels and net proteolytic activity were comparable in COVID-19 and influenza BAL fluids. During antibiotic treatment for bacterial coinfections, increased BAL fluid levels of several activating and chemotactic factors for monocytes, lymphocytes, and NK cells were detected in patients with COVID-19 whereas concentrations tended to decrease in patients with influenza, highlighting the persistent immunological response to coinfections in COVID-19. Finally, the high proteolytic activity in COVID-19 lungs suggests considering protease inhibitors as a treatment option.
Effects of Fragmentation and the Case for Greater Cohesion in Neurologic Care Delivery

Goals To define fragmentation in neurologic care delivery, explain the positive and negative drivers in neurologic practice that contribute to fragmentation, illustrate situations that increase fragmentation risk, emphasize the costs and impact on both patients and providers, and propose solutions that allow for more cohesive care. Work Group The Transforming Leaders Program (TLP) class of 2020 was tasked by American Academy of Neurology (AAN) leadership to identify the leading trends in inpatient and outpatient neurology and to predict their effects on future neurologic practice. Methods Research material included AAN databases, PubMed searches, discussion with topic experts, and AAN leadership. Results Trends in care delivery are driven by changes in the work force, shifts in health care delivery, care costs, changes in evidence-based care, and patient factors. These trends can contribute to care fragmentation. Potential solutions to these problems are proposed based on care models developed in oncology and medicine. Limitations This article shares our opinions as there is a lack of evidence-based guidelines for optimal neurologic care delivery.
Natural Language Processing Enhances Prediction of Functional Outcome After Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background Conventional prognostic scores usually require predefined clinical variables to predict outcome. The advancement of natural language processing has made it feasible to derive meaning from unstructured data. We aimed to test whether using unstructured text in electronic health records can improve the prediction of functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke. Methods and Results Patients hospitalized for acute ischemic stroke were identified from 2 hospital stroke registries (3847 and 2668 patients, respectively). Prediction models developed using the first cohort were externally validated using the second cohort, and vice versa. Free text in the history of present illness and computed tomography reports was used to build machine learning models using natural language processing to predict poor functional outcome at 90 days poststroke. Four conventional prognostic models were used as baseline models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of the model using history of present illness in the internal and external validation sets were 0.820 and 0.792, respectively, which were comparable to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (0.811 and 0.807). The model using computed tomography reports achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.758 and 0.658. Adding information from clinical text significantly improved the predictive performance of each baseline model in terms of area under the receiver operating characteristic curves, net reclassification improvement, and integrated discrimination improvement indices (all P<0.001). Swapping the study cohorts led to similar results. Conclusions By using natural language processing, unstructured text in electronic health records can provide an alternative tool for stroke prognostication, and even enhance the performance of existing prognostic scores.
Integration of Lean Design and Design Management and its Influence on the Development of a Multidisciplinary Design Management Model for Remote Site Projects

A significant body of literature addresses the application of lean thinking to improving the interface between detailed design and construction production, yet none specifically focuses on remote site projects. These projects range from tourism and scientific investigation to resource exploration developments. The challenges confronting the project teams tend to fit within a sociologically oriented world where designers respond to functional, aesthetic and environmental concerns, or within a production oriented world, where strategic decisions made during the early stages of a project impact markedly upon construction, logistics and sustainability. The research aimed to establish how the integration of lean design and design management thinking influenced the development of a conceptual design management model for remote site projects, and the level of rigour achieved ‘in the field’ when tested. A postdoctoral reflective review is made of a selection of the reviewed literature, the methodology/process undertaken in the model development and testing stages, and the findings from two case studies used when testing the developed model. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with selected ‘working-in-the-field’ participants across a diverse range of remote site projects; the model was found to be robust and portable.
Gas1 Regulates Patterning of the Murine and Human Dentitions through Sonic Hedgehog

The mammalian dentition is a serially homogeneous structure that exhibits wide numerical and morphological variation among multiple different species. Patterning of the dentition is achieved through complex reiterative molecular signaling interactions that occur throughout the process of odontogenesis. The secreted signaling molecule Sonic hedgehog (Shh) plays a key role in this process, and the Shh coreceptor growth arrest-specific 1 (Gas1) is expressed in odontogenic mesenchyme and epithelium during multiple stages of tooth development. We show that mice engineered with Gas1 loss-of-function mutation have variation in number, morphology, and size of teeth within their molar dentition. Specifically, supernumerary teeth with variable morphology are present mesial to the first molar with high penetrance, while molar teeth are characterized by the presence of both additional and absent cusps, combined with reduced dimensions and exacerbated by the presence of a supernumerary tooth. We demonstrate that the supernumerary tooth in Gas1 mutant mice arises through proliferation and survival of vestigial tooth germs and that Gas1 function in cranial neural crest cells is essential for the regulation of tooth number, acting to restrict Wnt and downstream FGF signaling in odontogenic epithelium through facilitation of Shh signal transduction. Moreover, regulation of tooth number is independent of the additional Hedgehog coreceptors Cdon and Boc, which are also expressed in multiple regions of the developing tooth germ. Interestingly, further reduction of Hedgehog pathway activity in Shhtm6Amc hypomorphic mice leads to fusion of the molar field and reduced prevalence of supernumerary teeth in a Gas1 mutant background. Finally, we demonstrate defective coronal morphology and reduced coronal dimensions in the molar dentition of human subjects identified with pathogenic mutations in GAS1 and SHH/GAS1, suggesting that regulation of Hedgehog signaling through GAS1 is also essential for normal patterning of the human dentition.