Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preparation of edible coating from Cassava Starch and Rosemary essential oil and its effect on shelf life and quality of Muffin

Edible coating solutions prepared using cassava starch in different ratios (100, 50 and 25%), gelatin and chitosan including rosemary essential oil were used to improve the physicochemical and antibacterial properties of edible films, and study the effect of these edible coating solutions on the shelf life and quality of muffins. The results showed that the addition of chitosan, gelatin, and the incorporation of rosemary with cassava starch film has caused a decrease in the tensile strength; an increase was observed in the elongation at the breaking point; and the permeability of the water vapor and gas films has decreased. The changes in the surface of these films were confirmed by film microstructure (SEM) analyses. The muffin samples were divided into uncoated (control) and coated samples with different edible coating solutions and stored at room temperature for 6 weeks. Shelf life was determined by the appearance of undesirable indications on muffin samples during sensory evaluation of color, odor, taste, texture, and overall acceptableness on different storages. The microbiology analysis results revealed the inhibition effect of rosemary essential oil on the growth of spoilage micro - organisms and recorded the lowest load of total bacterial count (TBC), yeast, and molds. Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) showed an increase in firmness, gumminess, and chewiness and a decrease in cohesiveness. The best treatment for the utilization of films using gelatin and chitosan, including rosemary essential oil and cassava starch is due to its ability to minimize weight loss, given the lowest water activity (aw) and having an extended shelf life. This can be attributed to increase the barrier properties of the coating film formed
Can rapidly accumulating Holocene peat profiles provide sub‐decadal resolution proxy climate data?

To test the potential for developing sub‐decadal resolution records of ombrotrophic bog surface wetness (BSW), selected abrupt climate events were identified in cores from four sites in north‐west Europe and time‐slices over each event were investigated at 2–5‐mm resolution using peat humification, testate amoeba and plant macrofossil analyses. Age–depth models based on radiocarbon, spheroidal carbonaceous particle and tephra dates were applied and the error in these models was used to determine the effective temporal sampling resolution, which in most cases was sub‐decadal. Fine‐resolution results revealed some inconsistencies in the co‐variability of individual proxies and there was a lack of correspondence between some results from adjacent cores. However, we found evidence of abrupt shifts in BSW occurring over ca. 5–20 years, indicating a more rapid proxy response than identified in previous research. To maximize potential temporal resolution and produce reliable sub‐decadal BSW data in future research, we recommended that peat‐based studies should obtain the best possible chronological control, focus on sites with high species diversity and rapid accumulation rates and perform replicate coring, or use open peat sections where the stratigraphy can be clearly seen, to assess intra‐site differences in microtopography. Site‐specific factors should be a primary consideration in the selection of sites for future fine‐resolution research. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proposed sediment quality criteria for the protection of benthic organisms: Acenaphthene

The criteria presented in the document are the EPA's best recommendation of the concentrations of a substance in sediment that will not unacceptably affect benthic organisms. These criteria are applicable to a variety of freshwater and marine sediments because they are based on the biologically available concentration of acenaphthene in sediments.
Impacto de un TLC en el Comercio entre Colombia y Turquía (Trade Impact of an FTA between Colombia and Turkey)

Spanish Abstract: El objetivo de este articulo es explorar las oportunidades de crecimiento,diversificacion y competencia que tiene el comercio de Colombia y Turquia, y aquellas que se derivarian con la suscripcion de un tratado de libre comercio (TLC). Para ello se calculan cinco indicadores de comercio y politica comercial y se utiliza informacion desagregada del ano 2010 para hacer simulaciones de equilibrio parcial, y estimar los efectos de comercio, bienestar e ingreso que tendria el eventual acuerdo. Los resultados muestran que una reduccion arancelaria produciria un aumento del comercio del 3,7% el primer ano,reflejado en importaciones colombianas del sector textil – algodon, confecciones – y exportaciones de banano hacia Turquia;se crearia comercio en terminos netos y la desviacion de comercio afectaria a la Union Europea, Estados Unidos y Ecuador; los consumidores colombianos y turcos ganarian en terminos de bienestar,y se reduciria mas el recaudo tributario de Turquia que el de Colombia.English Abstract: The objective of this article is to explore the opportunities for growth, diversification and competition present in trade between Colombia and Turkey, and those that would be derived from a free trade agreement. To this effect, five indicators are calculated to characterize trade and trade policy and disaggregated data for 2010 is used to make partial equilibrium simulations that yield estimates on trade, welfare and income effects. The results show that a tariff reduction would result in an increase in trade of 3.7% during the first year, mostly reflected in Colombian imports of textiles – cotton and clothing – and Colombian exports of bananas; there would be net trade creation effects, and trade diversion would affect the European Union, United States and Ecuador; Turkish and Colombian consumers would gain in terms of welfare and Turkish tax revenues would fall more than those of Colombia.
Adipose‑derived stem cell‑mediated alphastatin targeting delivery system inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in glioma

Malignant glioma is a highly vascularized tumor. Therefore, inhibition of angiogenesis is an effective treatment strategy for it. Alphastatin is a 24-amino acid peptide that has been demonstrated to inhibit glioma angiogenesis and tumor growth. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are considered an ideal targeted drug delivery system for glioma therapy due to their targeted tropism for cancer and the intrinsic attribute of autologous transplantation. The aim of the present study was to construct an ADSC-mediated alphastatin targeted delivery system and investigate its effects on angiogenesis in glioma. The sequence encoding the human neurotrophin-4 signal peptide and alphastatin fusion gene fragment was transferred into ADSCs using a lentiviral vector to construct the ADSC-mediated alphastatin targeted delivery system (Al-ADSCs). Flow cytometry was used to detect the stem cell surface markers of Al-ADSCs. Western blot analysis and ELISA were used to detect the expression and secretion of alphastatin peptide in Al-ADSCs. Cell migration assay was used to detect the tendency of Al-ADSCs to target CD133+ glioma stem cells (GSCs). The effects of Al-ADSCs on angiogenesis in vitro were detected by tube formation assay. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to detect the effects of Al-ADSCs on endothelial cell (EC) proliferation. Wound healing assay was used to examine the effects of Al-ADSCs on EC migration. Intracranial xenograft models were constructed and in vivo fluorescence imaging was used to examine the effects of Al-ADSCs on glioma growth. Fluorescence microscopy was used to detect the distribution of Al-ADSCs in glioma tissue and CD133 immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the effects of Al-ADSCs on GSCs in glioma tissue. The results revealed that ADSCs exhibited more marked tropism to GSCs than to other types of cells (P<0.01). Al-ADSCs maintained the surface markers of ADSCs and there was no significant difference between the ADSCs and Al-ADSCs regarding tropism to GSCs (P=0.639 for GSCs-SHG44 cells; and P=0.386 for GSCs-U87 cells). Al-ADSCs were able to successfully secrete and express alphastatin peptide and inhibited EC-mediated angiogenesis (P<0.01) and EC migration (P<0.01) and proliferation (P<0.01) in vitro. In vivo, Al-ADSCs were detected in glioma tissue and were able to inhibit tumor growth. In addition, the Al-ADSCs reduced the number of GSCs and microvascular density (P<0.01) in the tumors. Overall, the results of the present study indicated that the Al-ADSCs were able to target glioma tissue and inhibit glioma angiogenesis and tumor growth. This anti-angiogenic targeted therapy system may provide a new strategy for the treatment of glioma.
An overview on the protective effects of ellagic acid against heavy metals, drugs, and chemicals

Abstract Ellagic acid (EA) is a polyphenol extracted from many plants. EA modulates inflammatory mediators via antioxidant mechanisms, such as catalase (CAT) activities, superoxide dismutase (SOD), enhancement, increase in glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) suppression. EA has anti‐apoptotic properties that are thought to be mediated by regulating the expression of B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2), Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (Bax), and caspase‐3. In this article, we surveyed the literature dealing with the protective effects of EA against different heavy metals, drugs, and natural toxins. The findings indicated that EA has remarkable protective properties against various toxicants. Its protective effects were mostly mediated via normalizing lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammatory mediators, for example, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and IL‐1β. The results of this study showed that EA has significant protective effects against a varied range of compounds, either chemical or natural. These effects are mainly mediated via intensifying the antioxidant defense system. However, other mechanisms such as inhibition of inflammatory responses and suppression of apoptosis are important.
Identifying computer-generated text using statistical analysis

Computer-based automatically generated text is used in various applications (e.g., text summarization, machine translation) and has come to play an important role in daily life. However, computer-generated text may produce confusing information due to translation errors and inappropriate wording caused by faulty language processing, which could be a critical issue in presidential elections and product advertisements. Previous methods for detecting computer-generated text typically estimate text fluency, but this may not be useful in the near future due to the development of neural-network-based natural language generation that produces wording close to human-crafted wording. A different approach to detecting computergenerated text is thus needed. We hypothesize that human-crafted wording is more consistent than that of a computer. For instance, Zipf's law states that the most frequent word in human-written text has approximately twice the frequency of the second most frequent word, nearly three times that of the third most frequent word, and so on. We found that this is not true in the case of computer-generated text. We hence propose a method to identify computer-generated text on the basis of statistics. First, the word distribution frequencies are compared with the corresponding Zipfian distributions to extract the frequency features. Next, complex phrase features are extracted because human-generated text contains more complex phrases than computer-generated text. Finally, the higher consistency of the human-generated text is quantified at both the sentence level using phrasal verbs and at the paragraph level using coreference resolution relationships, which are integrated into consistency features. The combination of the frequencies, the complex phrases, and the consistency features was evaluated for 100 English books written originally in English and 100 English books translated from Finnish. The results show that our method achieves better performance (accuracy = 98.0%; equal error rate = 2.9%) compared with the most suitable method for books using parsing tree feature extraction. Evaluation using two other languages (French and Dutch) showed similar results. The proposed method thus works consistently in various languages.
Cloud and Radiative Balance Changes in Response to ENSO in Observations and Models

AbstractThe authors use observations and four GFDL AGCMs to analyze the relation between variations in spatial patterns and area-averaged quantities in the top-of-the-atmosphere radiative fluxes, cloud amount, and precipitation related to El Nino over the period 1979–2008. El Nino is associated with an increase in tropical average sea surface temperature of order +0.1 K (with a maxima of +0.5 K), large local anomalies of +2 K (maxima +6 K), and tropical tropospheric warming of +0.5 K (maxima +1 K). The authors find that model-to-observation biases in the base state translate into corresponding biases in anomalies in response to El Nino. The pattern and amplitude of model biases in reflected shortwave (SW) and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) follows expectations based on their biases in cloud amount: models with a positive cloud amount bias, compared to observations, have too strong local responses to El Nino in cloud amount, SW, OLR, and precipitation.Tropical average OLR increases in response to El Nin.
Cycling of nitrogen by plankton: a hypothetical description based upon efficiency of energy conversion

Description hypothetique, basee sur un modele mathematique, d'un systeme clos, en equilibre, et d'une colonne d'eau bien melangee dans laquelle le transfert de l'azote se fait entre un pool d'elements nutritifs, la biomasse du phytoplancton et celle du zooplancton
Dynamics of coastal cod populations: intra- and intercohort density dependence and stochastic processes

Skagerrak populations of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) have been surveyed at several fixed stations since 1919. These coastal populations consist of local stocks with a low age of maturity and a short life span. We investigated 60 time–series of 0–group juveniles (i.e. young of the year) sampled annually from 1945 to 1994. An age–structured model was developed which incorporates asymmetrical interactions between the juvenile cohorts (0–group and 1–group; i.e. one–year–old juveniles) and stochastic reproduction. The model was expressed in delay coordinates in order to estimate model parameters directly from the time–series and thereby test the model predictions. The autocovariance structure of the time–series was consistent with the delay coordinates model superimposed upon a long–term trend. The model illustrates how both regulatory (density–dependent) and disruptive (stochastic) forces are crucial in shaping the dynamics of the coastal cod populations. The age–structured life cycle acts to resonance the stochasticity inherent in the recruitment process.
Write Head Design for Control of Transition Curvature in Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording

Transition curvature in heat-assisted magnetic recording can limit the linear recording density. In this work we propose a write head design which can reduce transition curvature. The split-pole write head incorporates a nano coil which generates a field in the opposite direction to the main pole excited by the head coil winding, allowing transition curvature to be controlled.
A new bearing fault diagnosis method based on multi-scale CNN and LSTM

Detection accuracy of bearing faults is crucial in saving economic loss for industrial applications. Various diagnostic methods proposed by researchers can produce highly accurate bearing fault diagnosis, but it is difficult to obtain accurate and effective diagnosis results under variable working conditions and noise conditions. Thus, A hybrid model M-SWCAL based on multi-scale convolutional neural network (CNN), artificial neural network (ANN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network is proposed for fault diagnosis of rolling bearings. The model uses multiscale CNN to extract the frequency domain information of the vibration signal at different resolutions, and the multiscale structure can effectively enrich the number of feature information. After that, the features of different channels are fused into one long sequence by using splicing fusion. Then ANN is used to filter and sort out the noise and redundant information in the features, and finally LSTM is used to further learn the sequence characteristics in the new sequence. Experiments show that the model can generally achieve more than 99% diagnostic accuracy for different data sets, and the generalization performance and noise immunity of the model are completely better than other existing methods.
Quality of Soil and Yield of Food Crops in Ultisols Due to Application of Manure and Source of Phosphate Fertilizer

Acid upland soil in Indonesia has a potential for agricultural development but it has constraints low of organic C and available P as well as the soil physical properties have been degraded. The use of manure and direct application phosphate rock (PR) was an alternative to improve land productivity and crop yields. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of manure and the sources of P on soil physical and chemical properties and yield of foods crop that was arranged on intensive cropping systems of upland rice + maize -/cassavamungbean. The experiment was carried out at Tamanbogo Station Farm, East Lampung since 2007 until 2009 using randomized completely block design with 3 replications. The treatments were (1) 10 Mg ha-1 manures + 1 Mg ha-1 of RP, (2) without manure + 1 Mg ha-1 of PR, (3) 10 Mg ha-1 manures + 100 kg ha-1 SP 36, and (4) without manure + 100 kg ha-1 SP 36. The results showed that the application of manure along with PR improved soil chemical and physical characteristics. Its improvement affected the yield of foods crops, hence the profit increased with B/C ratio between 2.88-3.60. J Trop Soils, Vol. 17, No. 1, 2012: 45-52 ISSN 0852-257X INTRODUCTION Available online at: http://journal.unila. ac.id/index.php/tropicalsoil DOI: 10.5400/jts.2012. 17.1. 45
Cambios en la fertilidad del suelo, producción de biomasa y balance de nitrógeno en sistemas agroforestales con café en Nicaragua

A coffee agroforestry experiment was established in 2001 in the Municipality of Masatepe, Nicaragua; main treatments were legume and non-legume arboreal species with subplots of intensive and moderate use of organic and conventional management of fertility, pests, diseases and weeds. Soil chemical characteristics, mineralization of nitrogen, carbon and microbial biomass were measured in each plot for a composite soil sample. To measure biomass production two trees per plots were pruned and N content determined. The N balance was calculated by determining the extracted N in the coffee berries, firewood production compared to the amount of N contributed by organic and chemical fertilizers. The results show that acidity fell under intensive organic management compared to moderate conventional, while phosphorus, potassium and the microbial biomass were all higher under organic than conventional. The CIC, total N and total C, were all lower in the 2004 with respect to the 2001. In both years there were no statistical differences between the treatments. The rate of mineralization of the N was lower under the sun treatment total with respect to the treatments with arboreal shade; and higher the intensive organic management than conventional management. The amounts of residues produced by pruning are greatest for Inga laurina , nevertheless, in the year when trees were thinned abebuia. rosea it surpasses it. The nitrogen balance was negative for Moderate Conventional and Organic Moderate management under Inga. laurina since the extractions by coffee berries harvest and firewood are superior to the additions of N via fertilization causing an impoverishment of this mineral element in the ground. DOI: 10.5377/calera.v10i14. 22
Temporal variations of surface regional background ozone over Crete Island in the southeast Mediterranean

The first year-round observations of seasonal and diurnal variations of background ozone at a coastal site on Crete Island in the southeast Mediterranean area are presented here. They point out (1) the existence of a well-defined seasonal cycle with maximum during summer months, (2) the presence of elevated O 3 levels (up to 80 ppbv) during daytime and over time periods of several days, and (3) the dependence of O 3 mixing ratios on air mass origin. Comparison with three-dimensional chemistry transport model results shows that during summer the measured O 3 values exceed the calculated by 10-20 ppbv. Inclusion of biomass burning and biogenic volatile organic emissions in the model could partly offset the discrepancy between model results and observations.
Effectiveness and safety of pelareorep plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for advanced solid tumors: a meta-analysis

Background: Pelareorep is an oncolytic virus that causes oncolytic effects in many solid tumors, and it has shown therapeutic benefits. However, few studies have compared pelareorep combined with chemotherapy to traditional chemotherapy alone in advanced solid tumors. Consequently, we intended to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of pelareorep plus chemotherapy in this paper. Methods: We searched four databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science comprehensively for studies comparing pelareorep combined with chemotherapy to chemotherapy alone in the treatment of advanced solid tumors. The outcomes measures were 1-year overall survival (OS), 2-year OS, 4-month progression-free survival (PFS), 1-year PFS, objective response rate (ORR), any-grade adverse events (any-grade AEs), and severe AEs (grade ≥ 3). Results: There were five studies involving 492 patients included in the study. Combination therapy did not significantly improve clinical outcomes in terms of 1-year OS [RR = 1.02, 95%CI = (0.82–1.25)], 2-year OS [RR = 1.00, 95%CI = (0.67–1.49)], 4-month PFS [RR = 1.00, 95%CI = (0.67–1.49)], 1-year PFS [RR = 0.79, 95%CI = (0.44–1.42)], and ORR [OR = 0.79, 95%CI = (0.49–1.27)] compared to chemotherapy alone, and the subgroup analysis of 2-year OS, 1-year PFS, and ORR based on countries and tumor sites showed similar results. In all grades, the incidence of AEs was greater with combination therapy, including fever [RR = 3.10, 95%CI = (1.48–6.52)], nausea [RR = 1.19, 95%CI = (1.02–1.38)], diarrhea [RR = 1.87, 95%CI = (1.39–2.52)], chills [RR = 4.14, 95%CI = (2.30–7.43)], headache [RR = 1.46, 95%CI = (1.02–2.09)], vomiting [RR = 1.38, 95%CI = (1.06–1.80)] and flu-like symptoms [RR = 4.18, 95%CI = (2.19–7.98)]. However, severe adverse events did not differ significantly between the two arms. Conclusion: Pelareorep addition to traditional chemotherapy did not lead to significant improvements in OS, PFS, or ORR in advanced solid tumor patients, but it did partially increase AEs in all grades, with no discernible differences in serious AEs. Therefore, the combination treatment is not recommended in patients with advanced solid tumors. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/PROSPERO/display_record. php? RecordID=400841, identifier CRD42023400841