Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Squalus shiraii sp. nov. (Squaliformes, Squalidae), a new species of dogfish shark from Japan with regional nominal species revisited

A new species of deep-water dogfish shark, Squalus shiraiisp. nov., is described herein as endemic to the tropical waters off Southern Japan. This species has been largely misidentified with S. mitsukurii. However, morphological, meristic and morphometric evidence support it to be a separate and undescribed species. Squalus shiraiisp. nov. differs from this species by having body brown in colour dorsally, caudal fin with ventral and dorsal tips markedly tapered and broadly white, dermal denticles uniscuspidate and lanceolate and larger number of precaudal (91–94) and total vertebrae (120–123) (vs. body dark grey to black; caudal fin with ventral and dorsal tips rounded and not white in colour; denticles tricuspidate and rhomboid; 86–90 precaudal and 116–117 total vertebrae). Squalus shiraiisp. nov. is also clearly separated from other Japanese congeners which are herein revisited to include six species, based on the examination of over 150 specimens caught from Japanese waters that were available in ichthyological collections: S. mitsukurii, S. japonicus, S. acutirostris, S. brevirostris and S. suckleyi. Squalus mitsukurii, S. japonicus and S. brevirostris are re-described in detail and the neotype of S. japonicus is herein designated. Squalus acutirostris is treated as a valid species with occurrences in Japan, China and Taiwan and, thus, a provisional diagnosis is given, as well as an updated diagnosis of S. suckleyi. A key to Squalus species from the North-western Pacific Ocean is given and main morphological differences between S. shiraiisp. nov. and the closest related species are discussed.
Color Channel Perturbation Attacks for Fooling Convolutional Neural Networks and A Defense Against Such Attacks

The convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have emerged as a very powerful data dependent hierarchical feature extraction method. It is widely used in several computer vision problems. The CNNs learn the important visual features from training samples automatically. It is observed that the network overfits the training samples very easily. Several regularization methods have been proposed to avoid the overfitting. In spite of this, the network is sensitive to the color distribution within the images which is ignored by the existing approaches. In this paper, we discover the color robustness problem of CNN by proposing a color channel perturbation (CCP) attack to fool the CNNs. In CCP attack new images are generated with new channels created by combining the original channels with the stochastic weights. Experiments were carried out over widely used CIFAR10, Caltech256 and TinyImageNet datasets in the image classification framework. The VGG, ResNet and DenseNet models are used to test the impact of the proposed attack. It is observed that the performance of the CNNs degrades drastically under the proposed CCP attack. Result show the effect of the proposed simple CCP attack over the robustness of the CNN trained model. The results are also compared with existing CNN fooling approaches to evaluate the accuracy drop. We also propose a primary defense mechanism to this problem by augmenting the training dataset with the proposed CCP attack. The state-of-the-art performance using the proposed solution in terms of the CNN robustness under CCP attack is observed in the experiments. The code is made publicly available at https://github.com/jayendrakantipudi/Color-Channel-Perturbation-Attack.
Black carbon measurements in the middle of CEC in June 2006

Mass concentrations of black carbon measured by four instruments in the middle of Central East China in June 2006 Y. Kanaya, Y. Komazaki, P. Pochanart, Y. Liu, H. Akimoto, J. Gao, T. Wang, and Z. Wang Frontier Research Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China LAPC/NZC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Asian Discrimination in the Coronavirus Era: Implications for Business Formation and Survival

With the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, Asians became the victims of a sudden increase in racial discrimination as public officials repeatedly referred to the virus as the "Chinese virus. " We document that Asian entrepreneurship has been disproportionally hurt after January 2020, particularly among Asian immigrants, declining by 17 percent when compared to non-Hispanic whites. Examining the dynamics of transitions into and out of self-employment, we find a substantial increase in Asian immigrants' self-employment exits, increased necessity entries, and reductions in opportunity entries – patterns suggestive of customer and employer 'taste discrimination'. The pandemic has also proven particularly harmful on businesses owned by recently arrived immigrants and by East Asian immigrants. While Asian enclaves help palliate the pandemic's damaging impact, the latter has reached a broad spectrum of businesses. Gaining a better understanding of how the pandemic has impacted Asian businesses is crucial to inform about the emergence of discriminatory behaviors that widen inequities and endanger a fast recovery.
How do Firms Respond to Long-term Political Tensions? Evidence from Chinese Food Importers

Political and economic tensions, which often jeopardize trade, are rising among the world’s major powers, and countries like China are more frequently using food-related trade actions to deal with deteriorating political relations. Previous literature largely focuses on how brief, short-lived political tensions affect bilateral trade; however, little is known about firm-level trade responses to long-termpolitical tensions. This paper investigates how importers respond to long-term political tensions by examining the six-year Norway-China political tensions that ended in 2016. In particular, we use an event study approach to examine China’s seafood importers’ responses to China’s 2010 sanction on Norwegian fresh salmon imports after Norway awarded Liu Xiaobo, a Chinese political dissident, a Nobel Peace Prize. Our results reveal firm-level responses at both the extensive and intensive margins. At the intensive margin, firms that imported Norwegian fresh salmon before the sanction saw a 20% persistent decline in their fresh salmon import value and an 80% decrease in import share of Norwegian fresh salmon products over our study period. At the extensive margin, we not only find a trade diversion effect on firms importing from other countries and less firms importing fresh salmon from Norway, but also a permanent "political hedging" effect with a 20% decline in the maximum import share from any particular country, even if not Norway. We also provide evidence of persistent sanction effects even after China-Norway relations unfroze. Our findings emphasize the need to consider the long-term sanction consequences in foreign policy using food-related trade sanctions.
INDONESIAN STUDENT CULTURE SHOCK IN THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Many students have a goal to achieve success by getting a better education, one of the countries that is a destination for Indonesian students to study abroad is China, but the covid-19 that was endemic at that time in Taiwan made Indonesian students try to adapt to the situation. government policies and culture. The study entitled "Indonesian Student Culture Shock in the Republic of China During the Covid-19 Pandemic", aims to explain how students communicate during the Covid-19 outbreak and express students' feelings and hopes in conditions of self-quarantine and social distancing due to COVID-19. The theories used in this study include interpersonal communication, culture shock theory, phenomenological theory, the hybrid sociocultural framework theory and communication adaptation theory. This study uses a phenomenological method, a qualitative descriptive approach with a constructivism paradigm. Data was collected by interviewing four Indonesian students studying in Taiwan at two different universities. The results of the study found that the adaptations made by students from Indonesia regarding the new culture in Taiwan and the current epidemic of Covid-19 will lead them to a better communication relationship or vice versa. In terms of adapting to the new culture in Taiwan, students from Indonesia have begun to be accepted by the new environment and have felt that they have succeeded in adapting, which means they have good communication relationships with Taiwanese students and other local communities.
The wave front spread rate of Chinese ferret-badger rabies in eastern Taiwan

This study used epidemiological data of Chinese ferret-badger (CFB) rabies in eastern Taiwan, the Hualien County, from July 2013 to December 2020 to estimate its wave front spread rate. The first case of the CFB rabies virus in eastern Taiwan was detected in Zhuoxi Township in Hualien County on July 31, 2013. Our technique regressed TIME (months elapsed from the first case in Zhuoxi and the first case in each infected township invaded by the first case of CFB rabies) on DISTANCE (kilometers between locations of the first case in Zhuoxi and centroids of each infected township invaded by the first case of CFB rabies), using simple linear regression. The mean rate of wave front spread was 10.698 kilometers/year. The correlation between TIME and DISTANCE was R = 0.9273 at p = 0.0001. As CFB rabies has only occurred in China and Taiwan, studies on its epidemiology are extremely rare. This paper is the first study to estimate the wave front spread rate of CFB rabies in the world.
How the Pro-Beijing Media Inﬂuences Voters: Evidence from a Field Experiment ∗

Many countries have devoted considerable resources to projecting inﬂuence inter-nationally. One common approach to launching overseas information campaigns is the cooptation of foreign media outlets to disseminate preferred messages; yet, there is little well-identiﬁed evidence that can tell us whether such inﬂuence operations are eﬀective. I conducted a ﬁeld experiment during the 2020 Taiwanese presidential election to examine whether and how a major pro-Beijing media outlet inﬂuenced individuals’ vote choices and opinions about China. Weeks before the election, I randomly provided voters with real-time political news articles from the pro-Beijing media outlet on a website and tracked their exposure patterns using web traﬃc data. Results based on a panel survey at the individual level show that pro-Beijing news nudged people exposed to it to vote for China’s preferred candidate and adopt more positive attitudes toward China. Yet the pro-Beijing media outlet in this study had a negligible eﬀect, sometimes even backﬁred, for voters who had been dismissive of China ex ante and those who think this media outlet is aﬃliated with the Chinese government. Further evidence suggests that the results were driven by news content rather than news source. Because Taiwan is not the only case China seeks to inﬂuence in this way, the results have implications for Hong Kong, Australia, and the United States, among others.
A Stock Trading Expert System Established by the CNN-GA-Based Collaborative System

This article uses a new convolutional neural network framework, which has good performance for time series feature extraction and stock price prediction. This method is called the stock sequence array convolutional neural network, or SSACNN for short. SSACNN collects data on leading indicators including historical prices and their futures and options, and uses arrays as the input map of the CNN framework. In the financial market, every number has its logic behind it. Leading indicators such as futures and options can reflect changes in many markets, such as the industry's prosperity. Adding the data set of leading indicators can predict the trend of stock prices well. This study takes the stock markets of the United States and Taiwan as the research objects and uses historical data, futures, and options as data sets to predict the stock prices of these two markets, and then uses genetic algorithms to find trading signals, so as to get a stock trading system. The experimental results show that the stock trading system proposed in this research can help investors obtain certain returns.
Asian Tiger's economic progression and Influence of Sectoral FDI

In this paper, we scrutinize the sectoral FDI's influence on economic progression over the period of 2006-2015(the case study of Asian Tigers: (Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan). The outcomes of the paper recommend that sectoral FDI has an affirmative and noteworthy influence on the economic progression of Asian Tigers. In light of our findings we suggest, to avail the fruits of economic growth through FDI, developing countries should invest more in human capital and improve financial openness.
Journal of Economics and International Finance

The United States is the world’s largest poultry producer and exports about 18% of its total poultry production. With the global demand for poultry products projected to rise further, understanding key factors in world trade is essential for better trade. We study the influence of key demand factors, that is, exchange rate, poultry price and income of importing country on US poultry products. We focused on the top five importers namely, Mexico, Canada, China, Hong Kong, and Russia. A fixed effects model and a double-log multiple regression model are used. All three demand factors in a country were significantly associated with the quantity of poultry. Exchange rate negatively influenced US exports to the five countries. However, the magnitude, direction, and significance of these three variables varied for each country as shown in the country-level regression estimates.
The scheduled tribes

This volume in the series is the first comprehensive and systematic account of India's 456 tribal communities, including their 179 segments which are distributed in many parts of the country. This is also probably the most complete list of the scheduled tribes, a few of which have been identified for the first time in Arunachal Pradesh and Lakshadweep.
Differential Effects of Hunting on Populations of Hornbills and Imperial Pigeons in the Rainforests of the Eastern Indian Himalaya

Responses of hornbills and Ducula pigeons to hunting and disturbances to their habitats may help us understand the implications for the regeneration of their dependent tropical forest trees. Moreover, density estimates serve as a gauge of whether some frugivorous birds can potentially substitute for the decline of their functionally-similar competitors. We carried out a October long survey of 24 line-transects distributed across disturbed (2 sites) and undisturbed (4 sites) habitats in the lowland evergreen forests of Pakke wildlife sanctuary and surrounding forests of Arunachal Pradesh. Hornbill and Ducula densities were estimated with DISTANCE. While densities of the Great Indian Hornbill, Buceros bicornis; Oriental Pied Hornbill, Anthracoceros albirostris , and wreathed hornbill, Aceros undulatus were substantially reduced in disturbed habitats, densities of the mountain imperial pigeon, Ducula badia and the green imperial pigeon, Ducula aenea were unaffected. These results suggest that Ducula pigeons may potentially provide substitute dispersal services for large-seeded tree species in disturbed sites, but that this response is most likely context driven.
Inverted Oligo‐Miocene metamorphism in the Lesser Himalaya Sequence, Arunachal Pradesh, India; age and grade relationships

The Lesser Himalaya sequence in the Siyom Valley, eastern Arunachal Pradesh, exposes a telescoped and inverted greenschist–upper amphibolite facies sequence over ~20 km, tectonically overlain by an upright (grade decreasing upward) granulite to lower amphibolite facies sequence over ~30 km. Such grade relationships would normally attribute the boundary to a Main Central Thrust (MCT) structure, and predict a change from underlying Lesser Himalaya Sequence (LHS) to Greater Himalaya Sequence rocks across the boundary. However, all pelitic and psammitic samples have similar detrital‐zircon age spectra, involving c. 2500, 1750–1500, 1200 and 1000 Ma Gondwanan populations correlated with the LHS. Isograds are broadly parallel to a penetrative NW‐dipping S2 foliation, developed contemporaneously with the inversion. Garnet growth in garnet, staurolite and kyanite‐zone schists beneath the thrust commenced at >8 kbar and ≈550 °C, before syn‐ to post‐S2 heating of staurolite and kyanite‐zone rocks to ≈640 °C at ≈8.5 kbar, most probably at c. 18.5 Ma. Kyanite‐rutile‐garnet migmatite immediately above the thrust records peak conditions of ≈10 kbar and ≈750 °C and c. 21.5 Ma monazite ages. Slip on a SE‐propagating thrust was likely contemporaneous with early Miocene metamorphism, based on the distribution of structure, metamorphic textures, and overlap of age relationships. It is inferred to have initially controlled the uplift of granulite to mid‐crustal levels between 22 and 19 Ma, thermal relaxation within a disrupted LHS metamorphic profile inducing a post‐S2 thermal peak in lower grade footwall rocks.
Rapid detection of BRCA1/2 recurrent mutations in Chinese breast and ovarian cancer patients with multiplex SNaPshot genotyping panels

BRCA1/2 mutations are significant risk factors for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC), its mutation frequency in HBOC of Chinese ethnicity is around 9%, in which nearly half are recurrent mutations. In Hong Kong and China, genetic testing and counseling are not as common as in the West. To reduce the barrier of testing, a multiplex SNaPshot genotyping panel that targeted 25 Chinese BRCA1/2 mutation hotspots was developed, and its feasibility was evaluated in a local cohort of 441 breast and 155 ovarian cancer patients. For those who tested negative, they were then subjected to full-gene testing with next-generation sequencing (NGS). BRCA mutation prevalence in this cohort was 8.05% and the yield of the recurrent panel was 3.52%, identifying over 40% of the mutation carriers. Moreover, from 79 Chinese breast cancer cases recruited overseas, 2 recurrent mutations and one novel BRCA2 mutation were detected by the panel and NGS respectively. The developed genotyping panel showed to be an easy-to-perform and more affordable testing tool that can provide important contributions to improve the healthcare of Chinese women with cancer as well as family members that harbor high risk mutations for HBOC.
Longitudinal trends in use of targeted therapies for treatment of malignant neoplasms of the eye: a population-based study in Taiwan

Objectives This study examined the recent trend in use and costs of antineoplastic agents for treatment of eye malignancies in Taiwan from 2009 to 2012. We also forecasted use and costs of targeted therapies up to and including year 2016 based on the current patterns. Design Retrospective observational study focusing on the usage of targeted therapies for treatment of eye malignancy. Setting The monthly claims data for eye malignancy-related antineoplastic agents were retrieved from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (2009–2012). Main outcome measures We calculated the number of prescriptions and costs for each class of medications, and analysed their time trends. In addition, using a time series design with ARIMA models, we estimated the market share by prescription volume and the proportion of costs for targeted therapies for year 2016. Results The market share by prescription volume of targeted therapies grew from 1.56% in 2009 to 9.98% in 2012 among all antineoplastic agents, and the proportion of costs for targeted therapies rose from 15.12% in 2009 to 58.88% in 2012. Especially, the proportion of costs for protein kinase inhibitors grew from 25.62% to 45.28% among all antineoplastic agents between 2010 and 2012. The market share by prescription volume and the proportion of costs for targeted therapies for treatment of eye malignancies were predicted to reach 27.33% and 91.39% by the fourth quarter in 2016, respectively. Conclusions This is the first study that examined and forecasted use and costs of targeted therapies for treatment of eye malignancies in Taiwan. Our findings indicate that, compared with other classes of drugs, targeted therapies are having a more and more relevant share among all treatment strategies for eye malignancies in Taiwan, and due to their high costs they are likely to cause great economic burden.
MTV 1 and MTV 4 Encode Plant-Speci fi c ENTH and ARF GAP Proteins That Mediate Clathrin-Dependent Traf fi cking of Vacuolar Cargo from the Trans-Golgi Network

Michael Sauer,a M. Otilia Delgadillo,a,1 Jan Zouhar,a,b,1 Gregory D. Reynolds,c Janice G. Pennington,d Liwen Jiang,e Sarah J. Liljegren,f York-Dieter Stierhof,g Geert De Jaeger,h,i Marisa S. Otegui,d Sebastian Y. Bednarek,c and Enrique Rojoa,2 a Departamento Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas), 28049 Madrid, Spain bCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica, 28223 Madrid, Spain c Department of Biochemistry, University of Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 dDepartment of Botany, University of Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 e School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China f Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677-1848 g Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany hDepartment of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium i Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
The Volatility for Pre and Post Global Financial Crisis: An Application of Computational Finance

The asymmetric volatility, temporary volatility, and permanent volatility of financial asset returns have attracted much interest in recent years. However, a consensus has not yet been reached on the causes of them for both the stocks and markets. This paper researched asymmetric volatility and short-run and long-run volatility through global financial crisis for eight Asian markets. EGARCH and CGARCH models are employed to deal with the daily return to examine the degree of asymmetric volatility temporary volatility and permanent volatility. The authors find that after global financial crisis asymmetric volatility is lower expect Hong Kong, and the long-run effect is more than the short-run effect. The empirical results for the short-run show that, after global financial crisis, there is significant decreasing in China and Taiwan but not in Japan; the others are significantly increasing. For the long-run, there is significant decreasing except Thailand and Korea.
Effects of Divorce and Cohabitation Dissolution on Preschoolers’ Literacy

Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey–Birth cohort (N = 6,450), the present study hypothesized that 48-month-old children of divorced mothers would score lower on emerging literacy than the children of formerly cohabiting mothers, compared with the children of mothers in stable marriage. The children of mothers who divorced or exited cohabitation but then remained single did not have significantly lower literacy than children of mothers in stable marriage. The children of divorced parents who then cohabited with another man fared significantly more poorly on literacy tests than children of continuously married parents. The children in the divorce → cohabitation group also had significantly lower literacy than the children in the divorce → noncohabitation and cohabitation → noncohabitation groups. Mothers in consistent cohabiting relationships were also more likely than mothers in stable marriage to have children with low literacy. The association between stable cohabitation and child literacy was mediated by change in socioeconomic status.