Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observed inter-relations between 10m winds, ocean whitecaps and marine aerosols

SUMMARY Low elevation aerosol spectra, ocean whitecap cover and 10m wind speeds measured during the 1978 JASIN experiment have been inter-related and compared with previously published observations. The positive dependence of aerosol concentration upon whitecap cover was found to increase with droplet radius reflecting the expected higher correlation of the concentration of larger droplets, which have shorter effective residence time in the marine atmospheric boundary layer, with the immediate whitecap cover, which reflects the instantaneous rate of aerosol generation at the sea surface. The power-law wind dependence, Ui, of the low elevation concentration of droplets larger than 8pm radius was determined to be similar to the wind dependence of whitecap cover, with I. vaiues of 3.23 and 3-31 resulting from the respective application of the robust bi-weight fitting technique. This observation is consonant with an aerosol generation model in which the instantaneous rate of production is simply proportional to the immediate whitecap cover. The large droplet end of the JASIN low elevation aerosol spectrum is seen to undergo a marked enhancement when the wind speed exceeds IOms-'. This is a consequence of the onset at that speed of supplementary droplet production via the mechanical disruption of wave crests. The observed growth, with increasing wind speed, in the disparity in amplitude of near-sea-surface and near-cloud-base aerosol spectra is in part a consequence of the fact that the larger droplets, produced in relative abundance at the higher wind speeds, fall out before they can be mixed effectively through the boundary layer.
Early microbial exposure shapes adult immunity by altering CD8+ T cell development

Significance Microbial exposure in early life can have long-term consequences on health. However, our understanding of how the microbial environment shapes the offspring’s immune system is incomplete. In this report, we found that the proportion and function of fetal-derived CD8+ T cells are altered by the early microbial environment. These changes persist into adulthood and affect immune susceptibility to intracellular pathogens. Our findings provide key insights into how microbial exposure leads to individual variation in immune responsiveness, suggesting that we may be able to predict infection outcomes and disease risk based on the ratio of fetal- to adult-derived CD8+ T cells present in the adult immune system.
Temperature dependence of the Raman spectra of carbon nanotubes

We report on a temperature dependence of the frequency of all the major peaks in the Raman spectra of carbon nanotubes, using different excitation laser powers at the sample. The frequency decreases with increasing temperature for all peaks, and the shifts in Raman frequencies are linear in the temperature of the sample. In comparison, a similar dependence is found in active carbon, but no shift is observed for the highly ordered pyrolytic graphite within the same range of variation in laser power. A lowering of frequency at higher temperature implies an increase in the carbon–carbon distance at higher temperature. The relatively strong temperature dependence in carbon nanotubes and active carbon may be due to the enhanced increase in carbon–carbon distance. This enhancement may originate from the heavy defects and disorder in these materials.
X-Ray Diffraction Curves from Mosaic Crystals at Near-Normal Incidence Angles

We obtained data supporting our previous calculations of X-ray diffraction curves from mosaic crystals at near-normal incidence angles. The data were collected from copper crystals with mosaic spreads of 1.2° and 0.4° by scanning the photon energy in the vicinity of 3 keV at a synchrotron-radiation beamline designed for surface science. The 1.2° mosaic crystal showed Bragg-peak widths markedly dependent on the off-normal angle of incidence while the dependence for the 0.4° crystal was much weaker. The observed peak widths agree with calculations if an energy resolution of 2.1 eV is assumed for beamline 1A of the Photon Factory, at which the experiment was conducted.
Evaluation of the Role of Merromoside from Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal Hydroalcoholic Extract in the Downregulation of ROS Species in Overcoming MDR in Breast Cancer

Purpose: The medicinal plant Ipomoea aquatica belonging to convulvulaceae family is an effective natural herb for treatment of various ailments and possesses effective anticancer activity. The aim of the work is to characterize a secondary metabolite merromoside (a resin glycoside) for anti-breast cancer activity through down regulation of ROS species. Methods: The Extract of the whole plant has been prepared by maceration method using 50%v/v ethanol in distilled water to get a hydroalcoholic extract. The phytochemical evaluation reveals that the active secondary metabolite was isolated by using column chromatographic technique. The isolated compound was evaluated for its anticancer properties through invitro method such as 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay on Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 Cell lines. The purity and structural characterization were done by high-performance thin layer chromatography, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Proton and13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Results: The isolated compound (W04) from the derived extract showed Rf value of 0.79 that showed IC50 of 182. 8μg/ml. The chemical structure of W04 has been confirmed as [4,5-dihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)-6-[(24,25,26-trihydroxy-5,23-dimethyl-9-oxo-19-pentyl-2,4,8,20,22-pentaoxatricyclo[19.2.2.13,7]hexacosan-6-yl)oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] 2-methyl propanoate with the molecular weight of 979.15268. The isolated compound merromoside from hydroalcoholic extract of Ipomoea aquatica has been evaluated for anti-breast cancer properties. The down regulation of ROS species will prevent reverse signalling and angiogenesis. This indicates that merromoside will overcome MDR in breast cancer especially DOX-resistant.
Computer-aided analysis for identification of novel analogues of ketoprofen based on molecular docking, ADMET, drug-likeness and DFT studies for the treatment of inflammation

Abstract Computer-based drug design is increasingly used in strategies for discovering new molecules for therapeutic purposes. The targeted drug is ketoprofen (KTP), which belongs to the family of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which are widely used for the treatment of pain, fever, inflammation and certain types of cancers. In an attempt to rationalize the search for 72 new potential anti-inflammatory compounds on the COX-2 enzyme, we carried out an in silico protocol that successfully combines molecular docking towards COX-2 receptor (5F1A), ADMET pharmacokinetic parameters, drug-likeness rules and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP). It was found that six of the compounds analyzed satisfy with the associated values to physico-chemical properties as key evaluation parameters for the drug-likeness and demonstrate a hydrophobic character which makes their solubility in aqueous media difficult and easy in lipids. All the compounds presented good ADMET profile and they showed an interaction with the amino acids responsible for anti-inflammatory activity of the COX-2 isoenzyme. The calculation of the MEP of the six analogues reveals new preferential sites involving the formation of new bonds. Consequently, this result allowed us to understand the origin of the potential increase in the anti-inflammatory activity of the candidates. Finally, it was obtained that six compounds have a binding mode, binding energy, and stability in the active site of COX-2 like the reference drug ketoprofen, suggesting that these compounds could become a powerful candidate in the inhibition of the COX-2 enzyme. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma Graphical abstract
VALPROIC ACID INHIBITS CLASSICAL MONOCYTE-DERIVED TISSUE FACTOR AND ALLEVIATES HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK-INDUCED ACUTE LUNG INJURY IN RATS

ABSTRACT Background: Monocytes and monocyte-derived tissue factor (TF) promote the development of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Classical monocytes (C-Mcs) can be induced to express TF. Valproic acid (VPA) alleviates hemorrhagic shock (HS)–induced ALI (HS/ALI) and inhibits TF expression in monocytes. We hypothesized that C-Mcs and C-Mc–derived TF promoted HS/ALI and that VPA could inhibit C-Mc–derived TF expression and attenuate HS/ALI. Methods: Wistar rats and THP-1 cells were used to evaluate our hypothesis. Monocyte subtypes were analyzed by flow cytometry; mRNA expression was measured by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction; protein expression was measured by Western blotting, immunofluorescence, or immunohistology; inflammatory cytokines levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; and ALI scores were used to determine the degree of ALI. Results: The blood %C-Mcs and C-Mcs/non–C-Mcs ratios, monocyte TF levels, serum and/or lung inflammatory cytokine levels, and ALI scores of HS rats were significantly increased (P < 0.05). After monocyte depletion and thrombin inhibition, the inflammatory cytokine levels and ALI scores were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). VPA reduced the %C-Mcs and C-Mc/non-C-Mc ratios, TF expression, inflammatory cytokine levels, and ALI scores during HS (P < 0.05) and inhibited HS-induced monocyte Egr-1 and p-ERK1/2 expression (P < 0.05). VPA inhibited hypoxia-induced TF expression in THP-1 cells by regulating the p-ERK1/2–Egr-1 axis. Conclusion: C-Mcs and C-Mc–derived TF accelerate the development of HS/ALI by increasing thrombin production. VPA inhibits HS-induced C-Mc production of TF by regulating the p-ERK1/2–Egr-1 axis and alleviates HS/ALI.
Competition for DNA binding between the genome protector replication protein A and the genome modifying APOBEC3 single-stranded DNA deaminases

Abstract The human APOBEC family of eleven cytosine deaminases use RNA and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) as substrates to deaminate cytosine to uracil. This deamination event has roles in lipid metabolism by altering mRNA coding, adaptive immunity by causing evolution of antibody genes, and innate immunity through inactivation of viral genomes. These benefits come at a cost where some family members, primarily from the APOBEC3 subfamily (APOBEC3A-H, excluding E), can cause off-target deaminations of cytosine to form uracil on transiently single-stranded genomic DNA, which induces mutations that are associated with cancer evolution. Since uracil is only promutagenic, the mutations observed in cancer genomes originate only when uracil is not removed by uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG) or when the UNG-induced abasic site is erroneously repaired. However, when ssDNA is present, replication protein A (RPA) binds and protects the DNA from nucleases or recruits DNA repair proteins, such as UNG. Thus, APOBEC enzymes must compete with RPA to access their substrate. Certain APOBEC enzymes can displace RPA, bind and scan ssDNA efficiently to search for cytosines, and can become highly overexpressed in tumor cells. Depending on the DNA replication conditions and DNA structure, RPA can either be in excess or deficient. Here we discuss the interplay between these factors and how despite RPA, multiple cancer genomes have a mutation bias at cytosines indicative of APOBEC activity.
Muscimol-induced inactivation of the ventral prefrontal cortex impairs counting performance in rhesus monkeys

Numbers are one of the three basic concepts of human abstract thinking. When human beings count, they often point to things, one by one, and read numbers in a positive integer column. The prefrontal cortex plays a wide range of roles in executive functions, including active maintenance and achievement of goals, adaptive coding and exertion of general intelligence, and completion of time complexity events. Nonhuman animals do not use number names, such as “one, two, three,” or numerals, such as “1, 2, 3” to “count” in the same way as humans do. Our previous study established an animal model of counting in monkeys. Here, we used this model to determine whether the prefrontal cortex participates in counting in monkeys. Two 5-year-old female rhesus monkeys (macaques), weighing 5.0 kg and 5.5 kg, were selected to train in a counting task, counting from 1 to 5. When their counting task performance stabilized, we performed surgery on the prefrontal cortex to implant drug delivery tubes. After allowing the monkeys’ physical condition and counting performance to recover, we injected either muscimol or normal saline into their dorsal and ventral prefrontal cortex. Thereafter, we observed their counting task performance and analyzed the error types and reaction time during the counting task. The monkeys’ performance in the counting task decreased significantly after muscimol injection into the ventral prefrontal cortex; however, it was not affected after saline injection into the ventral prefrontal cortex, or after muscimol or saline injection into the dorsal prefrontal cortex. The ventral prefrontal cortex of the monkey is necessary for counting performance.
Signature Changing Spacetimes and WKB Approximations in General Relativity

Some properties of spacetimes that change signature from Riemannian (positive de nite metric) to Lorentzian (metric has a single negative eigenvalue) are investigated. Speci cally, the form of geodesics and solutions to the Klein-Gordon equation are calculated. Geodesics behave as expected since they are equally well de ned for Lorentzian and Riemannian manifolds, though null geodesics cease to have meaning in the Riemannian region. Solutions to the Klein-Gordon equation exhibit oscillatory behavior in the Lorentzian region and exponential behavior in the Riemannian region. In an e ort to further interpret these results, approximate wave solutions are found for a generic spacetime using WKB approximations in the large momentum limit. This approximation encompasses traditional, non-degenerate spacetimes as well as those that change signature. This solution is shown to break down near regions where the metric becomes degenerate, except in the 1 + 1 dimensional case. Further, these solutions can de ne a vector eld with the gradient of their phase. The integral curves of the resulting eld are shown to be geodesics, parametrized by an a ne parameter. Signature Changing Spacetimes and WKB Approximations in General Relativity Presented by Sean Alden Quigg Young In partial ful llment of the requirements for graduation with the Dean's Scholars Honors Degree in Physics.
Association Between Serum Vitamin C and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: The association between vitamin C and the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease remains controversial. The aim of the present study is to examine any correlation between serum vitamin C and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods: Our study enrolled 3374 participants aged ≥ 20 years from the National Health and Nutritional Survey (2003-2006). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was defined as the US Fatty Liver Index ≥ 30 in the absence of other chronic liver disease. Multivariate logistic regression and the fitted smoothing curves were adopted for analyzing the correlation between serum vitamin C levels and the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Results: After adjusting for all the covariates, it was discovered that serum vitamin C was negatively correlated with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (odds ratio: 0.664, 95% CI: 0.512-0.860, P = .002). Through smooth curve fitting, it was further noticed that the relationship between serum vitamin C and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was non-linear. The inflection point was 0.92, and to its left, a negative correlation was seen between vitamin C and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (odds ratio: 0.451, 95% CI: 0.288-0.706, P = .001). To the right of the inflection point, however, the correlation between vitamin C and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was not found to be significant. Conclusion: The correlation was non-linear between serum vitamin C levels and the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Serum vitamin C was negatively correlated with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease when its level was less than 0.92 mg/dL.
Surveillance Colonoscopies of Synchronous Colorectal Cancer: What Should We Do?

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence of metachronous neoplasms at 2-year surveillance colonoscopy for synchronous colorectal cancer patients and the relative risk factors. Methods: Synchronous colorectal cancer patients who underwent surgery or endoscopic resection for colorectal cancer between January 2008 and December 2019 were enrolled. All patients underwent surveillance colonoscopies at least twice within 2 years after operation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess the risk factors for the metachronous neoplasms. Results: Totally 38 patients (male/female: 26/12) were included, with an average age of 64.6 years (±11.5 years) and a mean surveillance interval of 23.47 ± 4.39 months. In 21 of 38 patients (55.3%), metachronous adenoma was detected, including 6 metachronous advanced adenomas. Two patients were detected with metachronous carcinomas. In univariate analysis, male sex, elderly age at diagnosis, and the presence of synchronous adenomas/synchronous advanced adenoma at baseline colonoscopy were associated with the development of metachronous adenoma (P = .037, .047, .013, .039), but not associated with metachronous advanced adenoma (P = 0.455, .746, .503, .269). Patients tends to occur less metachronous advanced adenoma if index colorectal tumors were treated by endoscopic resection (P = .010), but the tendency was not discovered in metachronous adenoma (P = .289). Tumor location (with/without rectum cancer) was not associated with the development of metachronous lesions (P = .526, .382). On multivariate analysis, the presence of synchronous adenomas at baseline colonoscopy was an independent risk factor for MA during follow-up (odds ratio = 15.0; 95% CI: 1.55-145.22). Conclusion: For postoperative synchronous colorectal cancer patients, doctors should design individual surveillance strategies according to sex, baseline colonoscopy, and operative (or endoscopic) approach of resection.
Association Analysis of GSTP1-rs1695 Polymorphism with the Risk of Oral Cancer: A Literature Review, an Updated Meta-Analysis, and a Structural Assessment

Background: This study aimed to investigate the association of rs1695 polymorphism in glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) with risk of oral cancer in a meta-analysis which was followed by a bioinformatics approach. Materials and methods: Related articles were collected through a systematic search in PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE databases up to June 2022 and then screened. Finally, seven studies, including 1249 cases of oral cancer and 1861 healthy individuals, were included in our meta-analysis. Seven different genetic models including G vs. A, GG+GA vs. AA, GG vs. GA+AA, GA vs. GG+AA, GG vs. GA, GG vs. AA, and GA vs. AA were used for the calculation of odds ratio and 95% confidence interval in order to assess the association between GSTP1-rs1695 polymorphism and oral cancer risk. Also, the ethnicity-based stratified analyses were performed using the seven mentioned models. Some bioinformatics software was used to investigate the effect of rs1695 polymorphism on the primary, secondary, and three-dimensional structure of GSTP1. Results: Our results showed that rs1695 polymorphism was not associated with the risk of oral cancer in any seven genetic models (G vs. A: OR= 0.9331, 95%CI= 0.6339-1.3737, P= 0.726; GG vs. GA+AA: OR= 0.9112 , 95%CI= 0.6865-1.2093, P= 0.520; GG+GA vs. AA: OR= 0.9006, 95%CI= 0.5522-1.4690, P= 0.675; GA vs. GG+AA: OR= 0.8732, 95%CI= 0.5763-1.3230, P= 0.522; GG vs. AA: OR= 0.9516, 95%CI= 0.5503-1.6456, P= 0.859; GG vs. GA: OR= 1.0645, 95%CI= 0.7891-1.4359, P= 0.683; GA vs. AA: OR= 0.8825, 95%CI= 0.5499-1.4162, P= 0.604). Also, we did not observe any significant associations in ethnicity-based stratified analyses. But bioinformatics studies have shown that this polymorphism can alter the physicochemical properties and secondary structure of the protein. Conclusions: Based on results, the rs1695 polymorphism could not be considered a risk factor for oral cancer.
Characterization of a bulk semiconductor’s band gap via a near‐absorption edge optical transmission experiment

An experimental setup that employs lock‐in detection to measure the optical transmission data on a bulk semiconductor sample is described. A straightforward manipulation of these data yields the semiconductor’s absorption coefficient α in the energy range near its absorption edge (0<α<100 cm−1). The theory of optical transitions in semiconductors required to analyze the resulting absorption spectra is presented. It is shown that a model based on an indirect optical transition involving a single phonon accurately describes data taken on a silicon sample. Based on this analysis, a value of (1.098±0.004) eV for silicon’s indirect band gap and an energy of (51±4) meV for the involved phonon is deduced. Conversely, it is shown that data taken on a gallium–arsenide sample are consistent with a model based on a direct optical transition involving exponential band‐tail states. A value for the band‐tail’s Urbach slope of E0=(6.7±0.2) meV is found. All of these results accurately agree with published values. This l.