Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Multifidelity Data Assimilation for Nonlinear Subsurface Flow Problems

Ensemble‐based methods have been widely used for characterization of model parameters. Due to their Monte Carlo nature, these methods can be easily implemented but usually need relatively large ensemble sizes to guarantee the accuracy, resulting in a high computational cost. To address this issue, we propose an adaptive multifidelity ensemble smoother for data assimilation, which takes advantage of both the accuracy of a high‐fidelity (HF) model and the efficiency of a low‐fidelity (LF) model. In this work, an ensemble smoother‐based multiple data assimilation scheme is employed. In the forecast step, a large number of LF simulations and a small number of HF simulations are implemented. By exploring the correlations between the predictions of HF and LF models, a multifidelity Gaussian process is established to serve as a surrogate for the original system without sacrificing accuracy. To consider the surrogate errors and avoid the underestimation of uncertainties in the analysis step, the ensemble smoother‐based multiple data assimilation scheme is amended with extra iterations. After each analysis step, the multifidelity Gaussian process surrogate is locally refined in the posterior region. In summary, the expensive HF model evaluations are implemented only if necessary. The efficiency of the proposed method is illustrated by a synthetic case and a real‐world experiment. It is shown that even though the majority of model evaluations are implemented using the LF models in an adaptive multifidelity ensemble smoother, the accuracy is not sacrificed. The proposed multifidelity framework is with the general applicability since it can be equally combined with other ensemble‐based data assimilation methods.
Development and Optimization of the Ratio Vegetation Index on the Visible and Infrared Spectrum

This study aims to find a suitable vegetation index model to analyze the distribution of clove vegetation in Buleleng regency, Bali. Vegetation index model Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI) extracted from Landsat 8 was developed in the visible spectrum (l = 0.450 - 0.680 ? m) and infrared (l = 0.845 - 2.300 ? m). Development methods are carried out on the basis of the spectral reflectance response characteristics of the dominant electromagnetic waves from the visible and infrared spectra of vegetation. Created a multiple regression relationship results from scattergram that links RVI vegetation index with band 3 = B3, band 5 = B5, band 6 = B6, and band 7 = B7. Optimization strategy is carried out by dividing the development of RVI with a variable number factor. There are 4 forms of RVI vegetation index models from the development and optimization of the visible and infrared spectra. Of the 4 new vegetation index forms, which provide optimal results and close to extensive data from the Forestry and Plantation Service, Buleleng regency, Bali is RVInew4 = 0.0022 + 0.00142 * B3 + 0.00028 * B5 + 0.00054 * B6 + 0.00096 * B7. The area produced by this vegetation index model in analyzing the distribution of clove vegetation is 7667.82 ha. Is this area 99.40% of the average data area? the Forestry and Plantation Service, Buleleng regency, Bali in 2014, which is 7622.32 ha. The dominant distribution of clove vegetation is in the rare category with an area of 7441.74 ha.
Flat pebbles and their edge‐wise fabric in relation to 2‐D microbial mat

Flat pebbles and edge‐wise fabric in the Mesoproterozoic Rohtas Limestone Formation (RLF) and the Chikkshelikere Limestone Member (CLM), India, generate a new insight into their formation. Simple stacks of alternating dark micritic and light‐coloured microsparite planar layers in the targeted sedimentary successions manifest a low‐energy depositional background, disturbed only occasionally by weak storms. While the dark layers are homogeneous, light‐coloured layers are generally planar, wavy ripple laminated, and bear frequent load casts. The dark layers often display varieties of 2‐D microbial mat structures little known from carbonate formations. In compliance with their identity, they are comparatively enriched in carbon, a large part of which is organic and kerogen. The said structures with their intrinsic deformations indicate delayed cementation. Notwithstanding delayed cementation, the flat clasts in these formations are readily traceable to the dark laminae possibly because of early acquisition of their selective cohesiveness. Resultant stress led to brittle deformation in the mat layers, while the light‐coloured layers underwent ductile deformation. All the studied breccias bodies are in situ, but this fact does not preclude either the possibility of reworking of the clasts while exposed to high‐energy current or generation of intraclasts by high‐energy currents eroding the depositional surface.
The Solar Duck Curve and Sustainable Storage Options: A Policy Recommendation

Renewable energy is fundamentally different than other sources of power. This is because the most common forms of renewable energy, specifically wind and solar, are dependent on realtime natural processes to produce energy. Solar only produces energy when the sun is shining and produces energy at the height of the day, which is precisely when the utility company does not need extra electricity generation. This mismatch in energy production and energy demand as it applies to solar is referred to as the solar duck curve. At low levels of solar penetration, the extra energy produced by solar during the middle of the day is not a problem. However, as solar has become more accessible to more people, solar is beginning to impact the electric grid in places with high levels of distributed solar.
Considerations for using turbidity as a surrogate for suspended sediment in small, ungaged streams: Time‐series selection, streamflow estimation, and regional transferability

Suspended sediment (SS) transport is an important and natural process in aquatic ecosystems. However, accelerated erosion due to anthropogenic land uses causes excessive sedimentation, which makes SS pollution one of the most prevalent stressors causing biological impairments of freshwater. Despite the ubiquitous nature of sedimentation and the ways in which it negatively impacts streams, inherent obstacles exist to effective measurement and characterization of fluvial SS loading. SS concentrations (SSCs) can vary widely during similar hydrologic conditions, making discharge an unreliable predictor variable. Alternatively, turbidity has been shown to be an effective surrogate for SSC, and methods using in situ optical turbidity sensors to indirectly measure SSCs have been developed. We present data and results from research using turbidity as a surrogate for SSC in five small, ungaged streams in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Objectives of this study include presenting practical considerations and strategies for applying the turbidity–SSC surrogate method in small headwater streams. Empirical evidence is presented illustrating the potential correlation between land use and sediment loading. Additionally, accurate estimates of sediment loading require utilization of high frequency time‐series data and on‐site monitoring to capture timing and magnitude of streamflow, especially during intense, short‐duration runoff events. Similar turbidity–SSC relationships across watersheds suggest that regional regression curves could be established to allow more efficient and cost‐effective estimation of sediment loading. The broad application of this method would also benefit water resource management, by enabling prioritization of sites for stream restoration, standardizing techniques for monitoring stream recovery, or documenting impacts of discrete land‐use changes.
A novel therapeutic multiepitope vaccine based on oncoprotein E6 and E7 of HPV 16 and 18: An in silico approach

Introduction: The current vaccine strategies to prevent cervical cancer are effective only for individuals unexposed to HPV, lacking therapeutic effects against pre-existing infections. Multiepitope vaccines, using an immunoinformatic approach, are promising against tumors and viral infections because of their high specificity, safety, and stability, as well as the cheap cost of development. Methods: This study employed computer-based immunoinformatic analysis to design therapeutic multiepitope vaccines against cervical cancer using oncoproteins E6 and E7 of HPV 16 and 18. Several immunoinformatic tools were applied to analyze potential vaccine constructs capable of stimulating immune responses against both oncoproteins. Results: The constructed vaccine exhibited antigenic, immunogenic, nonallergenic, nontoxic, stable, and soluble characteristics. Additionally, it effectively interacted with TLR2 and TLR4, showing high binding capacity. Computational analysis indicated the vaccine could induce immune responses through the elevation of cytokine levels after the third injection, antibody production, activation of memory B and T cells, and promotion of increased dendritic cell counts. Conclusion: The novel multiepitope vaccine based on E6 and E7 presented as a promising candidate for combating HPV infections and associated cervical cancer. Further in vitro and in vivo studies were essential to validate the efficacy and safety of the vaccine.
PKM Peningkatan Ketrampilan Pemasaran Digital Bagi Pelaku UMKM Ensikei Di Kota Kupang

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are one of the supporters of the economy in Indonesia, especially for the lower and middle class people. MSMEs have a strategic role in the government's efforts to overcome poverty and unemployment. One of the MSMEs that has developed in Kupang City is MSME Ensikei, this business started from a home-based business that produces and sells accessories and jewelry from local stones (muti) and also from woven materials with NTT motifs, as well as participating in marketing several products from other local craftsmen. such as: ginger sugar, VCO, fashion, bags and shoes with woven motifs in NTT. Responding to changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in sluggish sales, the easy way is to use digital marketing through social media. To improve the skills of using social media that are appropriate and useful, there needs to be regular training and mentoring for Ensikei MSMEs.
Footprints of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation in the Low-Frequency Variation of Extreme High Temperature in the Northern Hemisphere

The frequency and intensity of extreme high temperature (EHT) in the Northern Hemisphere exhibit remarkable low-frequency (LF) variations (longer than 10 years) in summer during 1951–2017. Five hotspots featuring large LF variations in EHT were identified, including western North America–Mexico, eastern Siberia, Europe, central Asia, and the Mongolian Plateau. The probability density functions show that the higher EHT occurrences over these hotspots in recent decades is consistent with the shifted average and increased variances in daily mean temperature. The common features of the LF variation in EHT frequency over all domains are the remarkable increasing trends and evident decadal to multidecadal variations. The component of decadal to multidecadal variations is the main contribution to the LF variations of temperature in the last century. Further analysis shows that the coherent variability of decadal to multidecadal temperature variations over western North America–Mexico, eastern Siberia, Europe, and the Mongolian Plateau are the footprints of a dominant natural internal signal: the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation. It contributes to the variations in temperature over these hotspots via barotropic circumglobal teleconnection, which imposes striking anomalous pressure over these regions. This study implies that natural internal variability plays an important role in making hotspots more vulnerable to EHT.
Overlapping and distinct phenotypic profiles in Alzheimer’s disease and late onset epilepsy: a biologically-based approach

Due to shared hippocampal dysfunction, patients with Alzheimer’s dementia and late-onset epilepsy (LOE) report memory decline. Multiple studies have described the epidemiological, pathological, neurophysiological, and behavioral overlap between Alzheimer’s Disease and LOE, implying a bi-directional relationship. We describe the neurobiological decline occurring at different spatial in AD and LOE patients, which may explain why their phenotypes overlap and differ. We provide suggestions for clinical recognition of dual presentation and novel approaches for behavioral testing that reflect an “inside-out,” or biologically-based approach to testing memory. New memory and language assessments could detect—and treat—memory impairment in AD and LOE at an earlier, actionable stage.
The in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of an amino acid blend supplemented feed on pigs experimentally challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium

Background The in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of an amino acid (AA) blend (tryptophan, threonine, and methionine) in pigs. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of an AA blend on intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) and the in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in pigs experimentally challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. Methods IPEC-J2 were pretreated with an AA blend for 25 h and then treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), deoxynivalenol (DON), or H2O2 for in vitro evaluation. A controlled standard diet supplemented with 0.3% of the AA blend was orally fed to the treated group pigs for 14 days, beginning at 21 days of age. At the end of the feeding period, pigs were orally inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium. Results Pre-treatment with the AA blend reduced LPS/DON-induced interleukin (IL)-8 mRNA as a measurement of the anti-inflammatory effect and H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a measurement of the anti-oxidative effect on IPEC-J2. Feeding with an AA blend resulted in a reduction of proinflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and IL-8) cytokine levels, while treated pigs experienced an increase in anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine in their sera. The addition of an AA blend-supplemented pig feed resulted in significantly lower Salmonella-induced cecal lesion scores compared to untreated pigs. Discussion Supplementation of feed with an AA blend reduced intestinal inflammation and pathology in pigs and may be applied for the control of Salmonella Typhimurium infection, as demonstrated in this study.
Runoff sensitivity over Asia: Role of climate variables and initial soil conditions

We applied statistical and numerical modeling approach to evaluate the sensitivity of runoff (ROF) to climate variables using Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) data and regional climate model (RegCM4). It was observed that ROF is more sensitive to precipitation (P) compared to other analyzed hydroclimatic variables (potential evapotranspiration (PET), 2 m air temperature (T2m), solar radiation (Rn), specific humidity (SSH), and wind speed (U), especially over India, Indochina, and south‐north‐northeast China semihumid‐humid climate transition zones based on the higher correlation coefficient (>0.7) and elasticity (>2). The abnormal positive T2m‐ROF observed over Tibetan Plateau region (TP) may be due to its high topography and cold weather regime, while positive PET‐ROF over India and north China‐southeast Mongolia regions can be attributed to the stronger influence of local land‐atmosphere interactions. Soil moisture (SM) reflects high correlation with runoff, especially over the climate transition zones (i.e., India and Indochina‐southeast China). The initial wet (dry) soil moisture (SM) anomalies lead to an increase (decrease) of ROF in each season with the hot spots mainly located in middle to high latitudes (spring), TP and northeast (summer and autumn), and Indochina (autumn) regions. Such influence can persist almost 4 months in spring while only about 1 month in autumn during dry and wet conditions. The wet condition has stronger influence at beginning but dissipates quickly, while the dry condition can last longer within the same season. The impact of initial soil temperature anomalies on ROF is weaker than SM, with the only obvious ROF changes located over south China (spring and summer) and north India (autumn).
Integrated spatial assessment of inland excess water hazard on the Great Hungarian Plain

Inland excess water (IEW) is a form of surplus surface water, often regarded as a specific flood type. However, it occurs most frequently in local depressions of large flat areas, irrespective of river floods and the surface water networks. IEW is considered to be a typical Carpathian Basin problem, as it can cause major land degradation problems in the agricultural areas of Hungary, mainly located on the Great Hungarian Plain (GHP). An innovative method for mapping the probability of IEW inundation is proposed in this study. This method is based on the geostatistical modelling of the relationship between the natural and human driving factors and the occurrence of IEW inundations. The results show that significant part of the GHP (about 500,000 hectares) is moderately or highly affected by IEW inundations, where the combination of multiple influencing factors simultaneously occur. The resulted IEW inundation probability map can be used to meet future challenges in agricultural management and the adaptations to climate change effects.
Metáforas linguísticas culturais da terminologia do petróleo: o caso de Angola, Brasil e Portugal

A metáfora vista enquanto recurso cognitivo da língua é entendida como um mecanismo fundamental para a compreensão das diversas experiências humanas e está presente no cotidiano. Assim, a metáfora, como estratégia produtiva de nomeação, torna-se relevante também para análise do objeto dos estudos terminológicos descritivos de base linguística. Considerando essa realidade, o presente texto busca analisar e descrever metáforas linguísticas culturais no universo do petróleo, no espaço da Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa (CPLP), especialmente nos países: Angola, Brasil e Portugal. Tomam-se como base teórica, a Teoria da Metáfora Conceitual (TMC), de Lakoff e Johnson (1980), e as metáforas culturais, de Kövecses (2000, 2005, 2007, 2010). Com relação aos aspectos metodológicos, considerou-se como fonte de dados a única obra terminográfica em língua portuguesa sobre o petróleo, abrangendo as três variedades do português dos países supracitados. O dicionário em questão, a que se denominou corpus lexicográfico, é monolíngue com equivalências em inglês. Por tratar-se de uma obra impressa, precisou ser digitalizada e tratada computacionalmente, para que fosse possível a manipulação de um volume tão grande de dados. Com relação às análises, foram apresentados seis conjuntos que põem em contraste as três variedades do português investigadas neste trabalho. Por meio das análises, foi possível observar que, ao nomear uma determinada entidade, evidenciam-se traços conceituais que muitas vezes diferem quando relacionados às diferentes variedades do português, isso porque, embora se trate da mesma língua, há sempre diversidade na conceptualização da realidade.
Linkage Between Westerly Wind Bursts and Tropical Cyclones

The westerly wind burst (WWB) in the equatorial Pacific strongly impacts on the genesis and diversity of El Niño, as manifested by its crucial role in the 2014–2016 El Niño events. However, the origin of WWB is still far from clear, rendering El Niño prediction, a persistently challenging task. Here we confirm a robust linkage between WWB and tropical cyclone (TC) from a set of observational and reanalysis data. Specifically, about 69% of WWBs were closely associated with TCs in the western tropical Pacific, and the three‐dimensional structure of WWBs highly resembled that of TCs. Such a close relationship readily explains not only the unidirectional and intermittent nature of WWBs but also the state dependency, seasonality, and spatial distribution of these bursts. An important implication is that, with skillful seasonal forecast of WWB‐associated TCs, we may be able to predict the seasonal activity of WWBs and thus improve El Niño prediction.
Bridging and Bonding: Exploring the Influence of Community-Level Networks on Product Innovation in Video Game Communities

With the rapid development of digital economy, firms are increasingly tapping into online communities to search for complementary innovation from users. From a network perspective, networks in online communities differ from networks in traditional organization in many aspects. A stream of literature has investigated how the networks at an individual level and team level influence innovative outcomes in online communities. We enrich this body of literature by exploring how networks at community level affect the community's innovation performance. Using the data collected from video game communities, in this article, we show that intra- and intercommunity networks can jointly impact innovation performance at community level. Our study not only contributes to the social networks research and innovation research in online communities but also offers important practical implications in terms of how online communities should manage the networks within and between communities to promote innovation.
Population distribution modelling at fine spatio-temporal scale based on mobile phone data

ABSTRACT Population distribution modelling can benefit many different domains, for example, transportation, urban planning, ecology or emergency management. Information about the location and number of people in an affected area is crucial for decision-makers during emergencies and crises. Mobile phone data represents relatively reliable and time accurate information on real-time population distribution, movement and behaviour. In this study, we evaluate the spatio-temporal distribution of population derived from phone data of the selected pilot area (City of Brno, Czech Republic). Analysis is based on the dataset describing the estimated human presence (EHP) with two values – visitors and transiting persons. The temporal change of data is first analysed and further processed using two methodological approaches. First, the dasymetric method is used where the building geometry and technical attributes served as a target layer. Second, the results of building level analysis are transformed into a regular grid zone of both visitors and the general EHP. Resulting spatio-temporal patterns are compared to the census data. Results demonstrate how the proposed building level dasymetric approach can improve the spatial granularity of EHP. Potential use of proposed methodology within selected emergency situations is further discussed.
BIODIVERSITY OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES IN AIR TERJUN LATA KINJANG, CHENDERIANG, PERAK, MALAYSIA.

A study on benthic macroinvertebrate diversity was conducted in Air Terjun Lata Kinjang, Chenderiang, Perak, Malaysia. Five stations were selected with a distance of approximately 500 metre interval. Three replicates of benthic macroinvertebrates and water samples were taken from each station. Result indicates that Air Terjun Lata Kinjang is in class I condition based on Malaysian water quality index. A total of two phyla, three classes, eight orders, 30 families, and 1177 individuals were successfully identified. The average Shannon Diversity Index, ( H ’) is 2.07, Pielou Evenness Index, ( J ’) is 0.46, and Margaleff Richness Index, ( D Mg ) is (3.08). These values describe Air Terjun Lata Kinjang as in good conditions but macroinvertebrates are not uniformly distributed between stations. Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) and Family Biotic Index (FBI) score are 150 and 4.75, respectively which also explain this stream as having good water quality. The CCA test was conducted to show environmental factors towards benthic macroinvertebrate distribution. The presence of Baetidae with a high abundance of the families shows the potential to be used as biological indicators of a clean ecosystem.