Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting remembering and forgetting of autobiographical memories in children and adults: a 4-year prospective study

ABSTRACT Preservation and loss to forgetting of autobiographical memories is a focus in both the adult and developmental literatures. In both, there are comparative arguments regarding rates of forgetting. Children are assumed to forget autobiographical memories more rapidly than adults, and younger children are assumed to forget more rapidly than older children. Yet few studies can directly inform these comparisons: few feature children and adults, and few prospectively track the survival of specific autobiographical memories over time. In a 4-year prospective study, we obtained autobiographical memories from children 4, 6, and 8 years, and adults. We tested recall of different subsets of the events after 1, 2, and 3 years. Accelerated rates of forgetting were apparent among all child groups relative to adults; within the child groups, 4- and 6-year-olds had accelerated forgetting relative to 8-year-olds. The differences were especially pronounced in open-ended recall. The thematic coherence of initial memory reports also was a significant predictor of the survival of specific memories. The pattern of findings is consistent with suggestions that the adult distribution of autobiographical memories is achieved as the quality of memory traces increases (here measured by thematic coherence) and the rate of forgetting decreases.
Induction of Blood-borne MÃ©tastases by Tumor Transplantation in the Tail of Mice*

It is well known that the incidence of bloodborne mÃ©tastasesis influenced by various factors and by several experimental procedures. Some fac tors exert their action directly on the primary growth, most likely by modifying the tumor host relationships and favoring the entrance of tumor cells into the blood stream. Massage (14, 17, 19, 31), local roentgen ray radiation of tumor (9, 15, 16, 18, 34), and incision of the tumor (8, 23, 28) have been demonstrated to act directly on the pri mary growth. Other factors exert their action on the "take" of
Classification of Corn Leaf Diseases using Various Pre-trained Deep Learning Networks and Performance Comparison

Corn is an important crop that feeds millions of hungry people. Many farmers rely on it for income. However, diseases that affect corn production are common, resulting in significant financial losses for farmers. Although high-quality pesticides are available to save plants from diseases, but complete safety cannot be guaranteed. As a result, plants are susceptible to a variety of diseases throughout their life cycle. As a result, if a timely cure is not taken, plants may be damaged, affecting production quality. Hence, correct diagnosis is essential for timely cure. Several researchers have shared their models for identifying corn diseases using deep learning and machine learning. The correct identification of disease aids in the timely implementation of safe measures. For feature extraction, various pre-trained networks such as LeNet-5, AlexNet, MobileNetV2, and VGG16 were considered in this work. This feature set is then passed on to the envisaged fully connected neural network. The classification using AlexNet has been reported to be the most accurate, with an accuracy of 99.40 percent. The Mendeley's dataset is employed for training, validation, and testing in this research. For a deeper understanding, various performance metrics have been compared and discussed. The F1-score measured for each class indicates the classification's strength of models.
SOTICS 2019 Proceedings

Technology is changing continually and the introduction of Web 2.0 has brought about innovations such as social media (SM) and other inventions. Social Media brings about continual communication and engagement for the public, including civil servants. It allows civil servants (users) to create profiles, connect to existing profiles and communicate with others. It also allows civil servants (users) to view, comment, like, navigate, as well as share views and ideas with others. However, there are many challenges that hinder civil servants from adopting social media platforms (SMPs) for work and non-work related purposes, especially in developing countries. Academic scholars are widely exploring various challenges confronting individuals and organisations from adopting social media platforms, but little is known of the facts that hinder civil servants from adopting social media platforms. Therefore, this study seeks to identify possible challenges that hinder civil servants from adopting social media platforms, both for work-related and personal activities. The study deployed close-ended questionnaires involving 252 civil servants within selected cities in the North West Province, South Africa. The study found that personal customs and traditions, organizational policy, high cost of data and others cause hindrances for civil servants to adopt social media platforms in their daily lives. Keywords-civil servant; social media (SM); social media platforms (SMPs); social media network (SMNs); web 2.0; organizations; developing countries.
Building walls around open wells prevent Asiatic Lion Panthera leo persica (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) mortality in the Gir Lion Landscape, Gujarat, India

The Asiatic Lion population has increased in the last three decades, which now occupies a large regional spread with six or more identified satellite populations in eight districts of Gujarat. An overlap of lion habitat with human-dominated landscape elements leads to an increase in lion-human interactions in these growing satellite populations. A high rate of lion mortality has been observed in the periphery of Gir in the last decade due to falls into open dug wells. These wells have been excavated for irrigation in the agricultural landscape of Gir. About 145 wild animals including lions have died due to accidental falls into open wells in past 10 years. It has been observed that construction of parapet walls around wells in some of the peripheral areas of Gir Sanctuary have prevented this accidental mortality at very low cost. To assess the efficiency of these measures we did a survey of 20 random villages in the Gir Lion Landscape to collect data on the types of wells that cause this uncalled-for mortality. The paper explores the reasons for the lions falling into wells in the agricultural areas outside the Gir Sanctuary. The survey has shown that the corridors used by lions and in the satellite population areas are high risk sites where more parapet walls should be built on a priority basis. From the year 2007 to 2018 more than 48,000 parapet walls have already been randomly built in the periphery of the Gir Sanctuary. Out of 130 identified wells, 90 were protected with parapet wall or iron net while, 32 were without parapet wall and rest eight were with unfinished parapet wall. Providing a scheme for building more parapet walls around prioritized open wells would be an effective step towards Asiatic Lion conservation in the Gir Lion Landscape. Our survey indicates that there has been no mortality of lions in those wells where parapet walls have been built.
Minimizing the Maximum Charging Delay of Multiple Mobile Chargers Under the Multi-Node Energy Charging Scheme

Wireless energy charging has emerged as a very promising technology for prolonging sensor lifetime in wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs). Existing studies focused mainly on the one-to-one charging scheme that a single sensor can be charged by a mobile charger at each time, this charging scheme however suffers from poor charging scalability and inefficiency. Recently, another charging scheme, the multi-node charging scheme that allows multiple sensors to be charged simultaneously by a mobile charger, becomes dominant, which can mitigate charging scalability and improve charging efficiency. However, most previous studies on this multi-node energy charging scheme focused on the use of a single mobile charger to charge multiple sensors simultaneously. For large scale WRSNs, it is insufficient to deploy only a single mobile charger to charge many lifetime-critical sensors, and consequently sensor expiration durations will increase dramatically. To charge many lifetime-critical sensors in large scale WRSNs as early as possible, it is inevitable to adopt multiple mobile chargers for sensor charging that can not only speed up sensor charging but also reduce expiration times of sensors. This however poses great challenges to fairly schedule the multiple mobile chargers such that the longest charging delay among sensors is minimized. One important constraint is that no sensor can be charged by more than one mobile charger at any time due to the fact that the sensor cannot receive any energy from either of the chargers or the overcharging will damage the recharging battery of the sensor. Thus, finding a closed charge tour for each of the multiple chargers such that the longest charging delay is minimized is crucial. In this paper we address the challenge by formulating a novel longest charging delay minimization problem. We first show that the problem is NP-hard. We then devise the very first approximation algorithm with a provable approximation ratio for the problem. We finally evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms through experimental simulations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is promising, and outperforms existing algorithms in various settings.
Species Density of North American Amphibians and Reptiles

Kiester, A. R. (Dept. Zoology, Univ. Calif., Berkeley, Calif. 94720),' 1971. Species density of North American amphibiasm and reptiles. Syst. Zool. , 20:127-137. Species density matrices and contour maps are presented for the amphibians and reptiles of the United States and Canada. Both classes show a regular southward increase in average density, and these pattems together with those of birds and mammals are analyzed to show the effects of topographic variability on species density. Some problems and theories about latitudinal gradients in diversity are discussed. A longitudinal complementarity between mammals and reptiles is demonstrated and some possible causes are discussed. [Amphibia; Reptilia; North America; species density. ]
Common and Differential Traits of the Membrane Lipidome of Colon Cancer Cell Lines and Their Secreted Vesicles: Impact on Studies Using Cell Lines

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the world. Despite the screening programs, its incidence in the population below the 50s is increasing. Therefore, new stratification protocols based on multiparametric approaches are highly needed. In this scenario, the lipidome is emerging as a powerful tool to classify tumors, including CRC, wherein it has proven to be highly sensitive to cell malignization. Hence, the possibility to describe the lipidome at the level of lipid species has renewed the interest to investigate the role of specific lipid species in pathologic mechanisms, being commercial cell lines, a model still heavily used for this purpose. Herein, we characterize the membrane lipidome of five commercial colon cell lines and their extracellular vesicles (EVs). The results demonstrate that both cell and EVs lipidome was able to segregate cells according to their malignancy. Furthermore, all CRC lines shared a specific and strikingly homogenous impact on ether lipid species. Finally, this study also cautions about the need of being aware of the singularities of each cell line at the level of lipid species. Altogether, this study firmly lays the groundwork of using the lipidome as a solid source of tumor biomarkers.
Origin of the genic diversity of cultivated rice (Oryza spp.): study of the polymorphism scored at 40 isozyme loci

An electrophoretic survey of up to forty presumed isozyme loci was carried out in Asian and African cultivated rice (O. sativa and O. glaberrima) and in weedy and wild forms of African O. breviligulata on a total of 1, 948 strains. Hidden variability was checked by a test of heat stability at thirty isozyme loci in the same species.The mean gene diversity index ("heterozygosity") was high (0.23) in O. Sativa, medium (0.14) in wild O. breviligulata and low (0.06 and 0.03) in weedy O. breviligulata and O. glaberrima.In contrast, a maximum of seven alleles at a single locus could be distinguished in wild O. breviligulata while only three at the most were found in O. sativa and two in O. glaberrima and the weedy forms of O. breviligulata.Calculations of genetic distances showed that the cultivated, wild and weedy African species formed a genetic group distinct from O. sativa. Multivariate analysis of the data on an individual strain basis confirmed this fact and showed in turn that most varieties of O, sativa tended to cluster in two groups which correspond to the so-called Indica and Japonica subspecies. There was however a continuous array of intermediates between the two groups.Multivariate analysis also showed that the endemic African strains with the most genetic affinity to O. sativa were certain strains of the weedy form of O. breviligulata.Analysis of F1 pollen sterility among 115 strains of O, sativa permitted the extraction of one small Indica and one small Japonica group of strains characterized by a high pollen sterility relationship but most strains were intermediate.Each group had little gene diversity, with more than 80% of the loci fixed for one allele. Their isozyme patterns were remarkably complementary in that most of the various gametic associations of alleles found in the numerous intermediate strains could be explained by hybridization between varieties belonging to one and the other group. Consequently, these were assumed to represent the ancestral isozyme patterns of the Indica and Japonica subsp.Similar genetic distances, which point to a divergence time of one to a few millions years ago were found between O. glaberrima and the ancestral types of Indica and Japonica in the three combinations.Assuming the neutral theory of isozyme polymorphism, the data confirmed that O. glaberrima was domesticated from O. breviligulata independently of O, sativa. They also suggest that, at the origin of O. sativa, the Indica and the Japonica types were also domesticated independently. The large diversity of O. sativa would result: (i) primarily from introgressions that occurred between the ancestral cultivated types, together with the selection imposed by man, and (ii) secondarily, following the dispersion of cultivars, from the introgression of genes of wild rice in various areas. Some of the weedy forms of O. breviligulata could have originated from natural hybrids between the two cultivated species, O. sativa and O. glaberrima.
Effect of early filleting on the texture of breast muscle of broilers stunned with argon‐induced anoxia

Abstract 1. Eighty broilers were stunned in batches of 10 with less than 1 % oxygen (air displaced by argon) and their chilled breasts were filleted at 2, 3, 5 or 21 h (argon control) post‐mortem. Twenty broilers were electrically stunned and their breasts filleted at 21 h post‐mortem (electrical control). 2. Meat quality variables studied included pH of the pectoralis major muscle measured at 20 min post‐mortem and at filleting, and texture at 24 h post‐mortem. 3. Argon stunning resulted in a rapid early post‐mortem pH fall, but there was no indication of heat toughening in the breast muscles. 4. Filleting at 2 h post‐mortem, after argon stunning, resulted in 5% of the p. major muscles having greater than 4 kg yield force (slightly tough). 5. Although post‐mortem ageing of argon stunned broilers improved the texture of breast muscle, it is inferred that filleting at 2 h postmortem resulted in breast muscle with acceptable texture.
Engineered Human Cardiac Tissue from Muscle Derived Stem Cells

Heart failure results in significant cardiomyocyte (CM) loss, and post-natal mammalian heart has limited regenerative capacity. Cellular cardiomyoplasty has emerged as a novel therapy to restore contractile function. A number of cell types illicit functional benefits through paracrine mechanisms, but cardiac stem cells are unique in their ability to preferentially differentiate down a cardiac lineage to replace lost CMs. However, cardiac stem cell isolation is highly invasive. Alternatively, skeletal myoblasts can be safely isolated and showed some benefits in clinical trials as donor muscle cells, but arrhythmias occurred due to lack of electric coupling with host cells. This limitation could be overcome by differentiating cells toward a cardiomyogenic lineage. Multipotent muscle derived stem cells (MDSC) are different from skeletal myoblasts and possess greater phenotypic plasticity. Our studies showed that cardiac and skeletal muscle share major genes/proteins during development in rodents, so it may be possible for human MDSCs to differentiate into CM-like cells under the appropriate conditions. My dissertation aims to develop approaches to differentiate human MDSCs into CM-like cells. Specifically, my work focuses on three aims: (I) to characterize the biochemical and functional properties of human MDSCs cultured in a 3-dimensional engineered muscle tissue (EMT) and examine whether it recapitulates properties of developing striated muscle; (II) to determine the potential for further CM differentiation under defined biophysical and chemical conditions; (III) to evaluate the potential of human MDSC derived cardiac progenitors to improve cardiac function in a human-rat xenograft model. The results of my studies showed that human MDSCs in EMT beat spontaneously, displayed calcium transients, expressed cardiac-specific genes/proteins, and exhibited pharmacological responses similar to iPS cell-derived CMs. They also possessed characteristics of skeletal muscle including expression of MyoD, myogenin, and sk-fMHC. Their electrical coupling also remained immature. By temporally treating EMT with 4 chemical factors (4CF: miR-206 inhibitor, IWR-1, BMP4, and LiCl) and improving aggregation conditions, 4F-AEMT showed better muscle tissue formation and cardiac-like morphology with improved contractility, pharmacological responses, and electrical coupling. Although 4F-AEMT expressed MyoD and myogenin, it exhibited more cardiac-like function. Finally, human MDSC-aggregates showed evidence of survival and improved cardiac function in vivo.
The Best Peptidomimetic Strategies to Undercover Antibacterial Peptides

Health-care systems that develop rapidly and efficiently may increase the lifespan of humans. Nevertheless, the older population is more fragile, and is at an increased risk of disease development. A concurrently growing number of surgeries and transplantations have caused antibiotics to be used much more frequently, and for much longer periods of time, which in turn increases microbial resistance. In 1945, Fleming warned against the abuse of antibiotics in his Nobel lecture: “The time may come when penicillin can be bought by anyone in the shops. Then there is the danger that the ignorant man may easily underdose himself and by exposing his microbes to non-lethal quantities of the drug make them resistant”. After 70 years, we are witnessing the fulfilment of Fleming’s prophecy, as more than 700,000 people die each year due to drug-resistant diseases. Naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides protect all living matter against bacteria, and now different peptidomimetic strategies to engineer innovative antibiotics are being developed to defend humans against bacterial infections.
Rumor Detection in Social Networks via Deep Contextual Modeling

Fake news and rumors constitute a major problem in social networks recently. Due to the fast information propagation in social networks, it is inefficient to use human labor to detect suspicious news. Automatic rumor detection is thus necessary to prevent devastating effects of rumors on the individuals and society. Previous work has shown that in addition to the content of the news/posts and their contexts (i.e., replies), the relations or connections among those components are important to boost the rumor detection performance. In order to induce such relations between posts and contexts, the prior work has mainly relied on the inherent structures of the social networks (e.g., direct replies), ignoring the potential semantic connections between those objects. In this work, we demonstrate that such semantic relations are also helpful as they can reveal the implicit structures to better capture the patterns in the contexts for rumor detection. We propose to employ the self-attention mechanism in neural text modeling to achieve the semantic structure induction for this problem. In addition, we introduce a novel method to preserve the important information of the main news/posts in the final representations of the entire threads to further improve the performance for rumor detection. Our method matches the main post representations and the thread representations by ensuring that they predict the same latent labels in a multitask learning framework. The extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model for rumor detection, yielding the state-of-the-art performance on recent datasets for this problem.
Sulfur Alleviates Growth Inhibition and Oxidative Stress Caused by Cadmium Toxicity in Rice

ABSTRACT A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of sulfur (S) on growth inhibition and oxidative stress caused by Cd2+ toxicity, using two rice cultivars with different grain Cd2+ content. Treatments consisted of factorial arrangement of three S levels (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mmol), two cadmium (Cd) levels (0 and 1 μ mol), and two rice cultivars (‘Bing 97252,’ a cultivar with low grain Cd2+ content, and ‘Xiushui 63,’ a cultivar with high grain Cd2+ content). The results showed that Cd2+ addition in the medium generally increased Cd2+ and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in both roots and shoots; the increases were more pronounced in ‘Xuishui 63’ than in ‘Bing 97252. ’ Dramatic reductions in growth parameters, including plant height, root and shoot weight, tillers per plant, chlorophyll content, and net photosynthetic rate were found in the plants exposed to Cd stress relative to the plants without Cd2+ treatment. ‘Xiushui 63’ showed more sensitivity than ‘Bing 97252’ under Cd2+ exposure. In comparison with the lower S level (0.2 mmol), the higher S levels (0.4 and 0.6 mmol) helped alleviate Cd toxicity, characterized by a significant increase in growth parameters, and a decrease in Cd2+ and MDA content in both roots and shoots. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the plants varied among tissues, cultivars, and Cd treatments. High Cd2+ and MDA content was consistently accompanied by higher SOD activity, and higher S levels caused a marked increase in glutathione content and a reduction in SOD activity, indicating a positive effect of S in alleviating oxidative stress.