Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlated Color Temperature of Daylight (2): Characteristics on Clear Sky and Overcast Sky@@@晴天空と曇天空の特性

The Sky can be classified according to the amount of cloud as clear sky, overcast sky or intermediate sky (where clouds are scattered) , and the skylight that comes to a horizontal plane of the ground from all sky components is respectively called clear skylight, overcast skylight or intermediate skylight. This paper discusses the correlated color temperatures (CCTs) of the clear skylight, the overcast skylight and the global light that is composed of the clear skylight and direct sunlight. Consequently, the mean CCTs of clear skylight and global light for atmosphere of annual mean atmospheric transmittance in Japan, 0.70, based on visible radiation rather than on the amount of direct solar radiation, are respectively estimated to be 8000K and 5900K. The CCT of covercast skylight is similarly estimated to be 6200K, which is almost the CCT of extraterrestrial sunlight.
Asymmetric one-sided semi-device-independent steerability of quantum discordant states

Superlocality and superunsteerability provide operational characterization of quantum correlations in certain local and unsteerable states respectively. Such quantum correlated states have a nonzero quantum discord. A two-way nonzero quantum discord is necessary for quantum correlations pointed out by superlocality. On the other hand, in this work, we demonstrate that a two-way nonzero quantum discord is not necessary to demonstrate superunsteerability. To this end, we demonstrate superunsteerability for one-way quantum discordant states. This in turn implies the existence of one-way superunsteerability and also the presence of superunsteerability without superlocality. Superunsteerability for nonzero quantum discord states implies the occurence of steerability in a one-sided semi-device-independent way. Just like one-way steerability occurs for certain Bell-local states in a one-sided device-independent way, our result shows that one-way steerability can also occur for certain nonsuperlocal states but in a one-sided semi-device-independent way.
Le paludisme aujourd'hui

Résumé Le paludisme, maladie parasitaire dont l'agent pathogène a été découvert par Alphonse Laveran en 1880 en Algérie dans le sang de patients fébriles, reste en 2022 l'endémie des pays tropicaux et subtropicaux la plus fréquente. Dans son dernier « Rapport sur le paludisme dans le monde » disponible en novembre 2021, l'OMS rend compte très en détail des données recueillies sur le terrain en 2019-2020, de leur évolution depuis 20 ans et des mesures à prendre pour tenter de mieux contrôler cette endémie meurtrière. Le nombre de cas de paludisme est estimé à 232 millions en 2019 dans 87 pays d'endémie palustre, soit une baisse par rapport aux 245 millions de 2000. La région Afrique de l'OMS représente à elle seule 94 % des cas et les infections dues à l'espèce Plasmodium falciparum les plus fréquentes et les plus graves. En l'absence de prise en charge rapide chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans, le décès est à craindre. Au niveau mondial, le nombre de décès dus au paludisme a baissé de façon régulière sur la période 2000-2019, passant de 897 000 en 2000 à 568 000 en 2019. Près de 95 % des décès ont été enregistrés dans 31 pays, essentiellement d'Afrique subsaharienne. Dans les autres régions OMS, Asie du Sud-Est en particulier, le nombre de décès dus au paludisme a diminué de 74 %, avec 35 000 décès en 2000 contre 9000 en 2019. Le contrôle du paludisme dans le monde, son éradication peut-être, sont envisageables, à condition de dynamiser des campagnes d'information grand public et d'arracher des financements considérables.
Fréquence cardiaque de récupération et présence de lésions coronaires au cours des cardiopathies ischémiques à l'Institut de cardiologie d'Abidjan en Côte d'Ivoire

Résumé Introduction La fréquence cardiaque de récupération (FCR) est la différence entre la fréquence cardiaque au maximum de l'effort et celle atteinte à la première minute et/ou à la deuxième minute de la récupération. Cette mesure s'effectue soit au cours d'une récupération passive (arrêt total de l'effort puis patient mis en position assise ou en décubitus dorsal) soit au cours d'une récupération active (pédalage à une charge à 0 watt si bicycle ergométrique ou marche lente si tapis roulant). Elle participe à l’évaluation de la balance vago-sympathique. Une FCR anormale est associée à une mortalité cardiovasculaire connue qui serait corrélée à la présence et la sévérité des coronaropathies. Le but de ce travail était d’évaluer la valeur prédictive de la FCR dans le diagnostic des lésions coronaires dans nos conditions d'exercice. Patients et méthode Nous avons mené une étude rétrospective observationnelle de janvier 2010 à février 2020 à l'Institut de cardiologie d'Abidjan, incluant des patients ayant réalisé une coronarographie diagnostique dans les suites d'une épreuve d'effort positive. Les données cliniques, angiographiques et les paramètres d'exercice ont été analysés et comparés chez des patients ayant une FCR anormale et ceux ayant une FCR normale. Résultats L’âge moyen de notre échantillon de 41 patients était de 53, 4 ± 9, 6 ans avec une prédominance masculine (sexe-ratio de 3, 6). Chez 8 patients (19, 5%) présentant une anomalie de la FCR, une maladie coronaire était plus souvent présente (p = 0, 02) et celle-ci était plus sévère (p = 0, 003) que chez les patients sans anomalie de la FCR. Ils étaient plus âgés sans significativité statistique (p = 0, 081), et ils avaient une plus faible réserve chronotrope (p = 0, 008) et une fréquence cardiaque maximale plus basse (p = 0, 042). La valeur prédictive positive de la FCR était de 87, 5% et la valeur prédictive négative de 60, 6%. Conclusion Dans notre contexte, une FCR anormale est associée à la présence d'une coronaropathie plus sévère. Exploration peu coûteuse, la mesure de la FCR au cours des épreuves d'effort pourrait contribuer au dépistage, à l’évaluation de leur sévérité et au suivi des cardiopathies ischémiques dans nos pays à ressources limitées.
Construction of Elliptic Solutions to the Quintic Complex One-Dimensional Ginzburg–Landau Equation

, The Conte-Musette method has been modified for the search of only elliptic solutions to systems of differential equations. A key idea of this a priory restriction is to simplify calculations by means of die use of a few Laurent series solutions instead of one and die use of the residue theo­ rem. The application of our approach to the quintie complex one-dimensional Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE5) allows us to find elliptic solutions in die wave form. We also find restrictions on coefficients, which are necessary conditions for die existence of elliptic solutions to die CGLE5.
Palaeobiological inferences of “rauisuchians” Fasolasuchus tenax (Los Colorados Fm., Argentina) and Prestosuchus chiniquensis (Santa Maria Super sequence, Brazil) from the Middle–Upper Triassic of South America based on microstructural analyses

“Rauisuchia” is a non‐monophyletic group of quadrupedal and carnivorous pseudosuchians that inhabited the entire world during the Middle–Upper Triassic period (Anisian/Ladinian–Rhaetian). In South America, “rauisuchians” reached the largest sizes among continental carnivores. Despite their important ecological role, some aspects of their palaeobiology have been poorly examined. Here, we study appendicular bones, dorsal ribs and osteoderms of two genera, the Argentinean Fasolasuchus tenax (PVL 3850, holotype) and the Brazilian Prestosuchus chiniquensis (SNSB‐BSPG AS XXV) respectively. The femur of F. tenax is formed by laminar fibrolamellar bone, which is composed of non‐fully monorefringent woven‐fibred matrix and primary osteons; the dorsal rib has a Haversian bone composition with an external fundamental system recorded and the osteoderm is formed by well‐organised parallel‐fibred bone. The femur, humerus and fibula of P. chiniquensis are mostly composed of strongly arranged parallel‐fibred bone and a laminar vascularisation. The minimal ages obtained correspond to 9 years for F. tenax (based on the maximum number of growth marks in the osteoderm) and 4 years for P. chiniquensis (obtained from the highest count of growth marks in the femur and in the humerus). F. tenax attained somatic and skeletal maturity, while P. chiniquensis was near to reaching skeletal and sexual maturity, but it was somatically immature. The overall rapid growth rate and the high and uniform vascularisation seems to imply that these features are common in most of “rauisuchians”, except in P. chiniquensis.
Cognitive Effects of Lurasidone and Cariprazine: A Mini Systematic Review

Cognitive deficits are associated with schizophrenia and show a progressive worsening, often being unresponsive to treatment. New antipsychotic molecules acting as antagonist at the serotoninergic 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 (e.g. lurasidone) or partial agonists at dopamine D3 receptor (e.g. cariprazine) could have an impact on cognition in this patient group. The aim of the systematic review is to explore the efficacy of lurasidone and cariprazine in improving cognition in both animal models and human studies. The following terms: (lurasidone AND cognit*) OR (cariprazine AND cognit*) were searched in Web of Science from inception to December 2021. We included all studies that assessed changes in cognitive function after treatment with cariprazine or lurasidone. Of 201 selected articles, 36 were included. Twenty-four articles used animal models (rats, mice and marmosets), five evaluating the effects of cariprazine and 19 the effects of lurasidone. Twelve articles were clinical studies (cariprazine n = 2; lurasidone n = 10). In both animal and human studies lurasidone showed a greater efficacy on cognitive performance compared to placebo, quetiapine, ziprasidone or treatment-as-usual. Cariprazine was superior to other antipsychotics in improving cognitive functions in both animal and human studies. The cognitive effect of lurasidone could be explained by its potent antagonism at the 5-HT7 receptors combined with partial agonism at 5-HT1A receptors. The pro-cognitive effect of cariprazine is probably explained by its very high affinity for D3 receptors. Head-to-head studies comparing lurasidone and cariprazine are needed to establish the “first-choice” treatment for cognitive dysfunction associated with schizophrenia.
Visual Heuristics for Verb Production: Testing a Deep-Learning Model With Experiments in Japanese

Tense/aspect morphology on verbs is often thought to depend on event features like telicity, but it is not known how speakers identify these features in visual scenes. To examine this question, we asked Japanese speakers to describe computer-generated animations of simple actions with variation in visual features related to telicity. Experiments with adults and children found that they could use goal information in the animations to select appropriate past and progressive verb forms. They also produced a large number of different verb forms. To explain these findings, a deep-learning model of verb production from visual input was created that could produce a human-like distribution of verb forms. It was able to use visual cues to select appropriate tense/aspect morphology. The model predicted that video duration would be related to verb complexity, and past tense production would increase when it received the endpoint as input. These predictions were confirmed in a third study with Japanese adults. This work suggests that verb production could be tightly linked to visual heuristics that support the understanding of events.
Structural evidence for MADS-box type I family expansion seen in new assemblies of Arabidopsis arenosa and A. lyrata.

Arabidopsis thaliana diverged from A. arenosa and A. lyrata at least 6 million years ago. The three species differ by genome-wide polymorphisms and morphological traits. The species are to a high degree reproductively isolated, but hybridization barriers are incomplete. A special type of hybridization barrier is based on the triploid endosperm of the seed, where embryo lethality is caused by endosperm failure to support the developing embryo. The MADS-box type I family of transcription factors is specifically expressed in the endosperm and has been proposed to play a role in endosperm-based hybridization barriers. The gene family is well known for its high evolutionary duplication rate, as well as being regulated by genomic imprinting. Here we address MADS-box type I gene family evolution and the role of type I genes in the context of hybridization. Using two de-novo assembled and annotated chromosome-level genomes of A. arenosa and A. lyrata ssp. petraea we analyzed the MADS-box type I gene family in Arabidopsis to predict orthologs, copy number, and structural genomic variation related to the type I loci. Our findings were compared to gene expression profiles sampled before and after the transition to endosperm cellularization in order to investigate the involvement of MADS-box type I loci in endosperm-based hybridization barriers. We observed substantial differences in type-I expression in the endosperm of A. arenosa and A. lyrata ssp. petraea, suggesting a genetic cause for the endosperm-based hybridization barrier between A. arenosa and A. lyrata ssp. petraea.
Long-Term Trajectories of Biomarkers, Functional, and Echocardiographic Parameters in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure from Dilated or Ischaemic Cardiomyopathy

Introduction: The long-term evolution of clinical, echocardiographic, and laboratory parameters of cardiac function in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) with either reduced (HFrEF) or mildly reduced (HFmrEF) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is incompletely characterised. Methods: We identified patients with chronic stable HF who presented at least twice to a university HF outpatient clinic between 1995 and 2021. Trajectories of NYHA functional class, LVEF, left ventricular internal end-diastolic diameter (LVIDD), NT-proBNP concentrations, and HF treatment over 10 years of follow-up were analysed using fractional polynomials. Analyses were repeated after stratifying patients according to aetiology (ischaemic vs. dilated) or HF category (HFrEF vs. HFmrEF). Results: A total of 2,132 patients were included, of whom 51% had ischaemic and 49% had dilated HF. Eighty six percent and 14% were classified as HFrEF and HFmrEF, respectively. Mean LVEF was 28 ± 10%, and median NT-proBNP and estimated glomerular filtration rate values were 1,170 (385–3,176) pmol/L and 81 (62–100) mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Median follow-up was 5.2 (2.6–9.2) years. Overall, NYHA functional class and LVIDD trajectories were U-shaped, whereas LVEF and NT-proBNP concentrations markedly improved during the first year and remained stable thereafter. However, the evolution of HF parameters significantly differed with respect to HF category and aetiology, with greater improvements seen in patients with HFrEF of non-ischaemic origin. Improvements in HF variables were associated with optimization of HF therapy, notably with initiation and up-titration of renin-angiotensin-system blockers. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the natural history of HF in a large cohort of well-treated chronic HF outpatients with respect to subgroups of HF and different aetiologists.
A DNA unwinding equilibrium serves as a checkpoint for CRISPR-Cas12a target discrimination

Abstract CRISPR-associated proteins such as Cas9 and Cas12a are programable RNA-guided nucleases that have emerged as powerful tools for genome manipulation and molecular diagnostics. However, these enzymes are prone to cleaving off-target sequences that contain mismatches between the RNA guide and DNA protospacer. In comparison to Cas9, Cas12a has demonstrated distinct sensitivity to protospacer-adjacent-motif (PAM) distal mismatches, and the molecular basis of Cas12a's enhanced target discrimination is of great interest. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of Cas12a target recognition using a combination of site-directed spin labeling, fluorescent spectroscopy, and enzyme kinetics. With a fully matched RNA guide, the data revealed an inherent equilibrium between a DNA unwound state and a DNA-paired duplex-like state. Experiments with off-target RNA guides and pre-nicked DNA substrates identified the PAM-distal DNA unwinding equilibrium as a mismatch sensing checkpoint prior to the first step of DNA cleavage. The finding sheds light on the distinct targeting mechanism of Cas12a and may better inform CRISPR based biotechnology developments.
Origin of reduced dynamical friction by dark matter halos with net prograde rotation

We provide an explanation for the reduced dynamical friction on galactic bars in spinning dark matter halos. Earlier work based on linear theory predicted an increase in dynamical friction when dark halos have a net forward rotation because prograde orbits couple to bars with greater strength than retrograde orbits. Subsequent numerical studies, however, found the opposite trend: dynamical friction weakens with increasing spin of the halo. We revisit this problem and demonstrate that linear theory in fact correctly predicts a reduced torque in forward-rotating halos. We show that shifting the halo mass from retrograde to prograde phase space generates a positive gradient in the distribution function near the origin of the z-angular momentum (Lz = 0), which results in a resonant transfer of Lz to the bar, making the net dynamical friction weaker. While this effect is subdominant for the major resonances, including the corotation resonance, it leads to a significant positive torque on the bar for the series of direct radial resonances as these resonances are strongest at Lz = 0. The overall dynamical friction from spinning halos is shown to decrease with the halo’s spin in agreement with the secular behavior of N-body simulations. We validate our linear calculation by computing the nonlinear torque from individual resonances using the angle-averaged Hamiltonian.
HCC in peri-transplant period: What a gastroenterologist needs to know

HCC is a leading indication for liver transplant (LT), representing 27% of liver transplants in the United States in 2015. [1,2] The 1996 landmark study by Mazzaferro established that LT is an effective treatment for HCC, and outcomes continue to improve due to advancements in pretransplant local-regional therapy and posttransplant care. [1,2] Patients diagnosed with HCC are considered for LT if they meet specific criteria defined by the United Network for Organ Sharing/Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (UNOS/OPTN). The criteria were initially established in 2002 and have been updated multiple times to what is now known as UNOS T2 criteria that parallel Milan Criteria[2,3] (Figure 1).
The Absence of an Na+/Ca2+Exchanger (NCX) in Bullfrog Proximal Tubules and Cellular pH is More Influential Than Cellular Ca2+ on Proximal Na Transport.

BACKGROUND/AIMS The functional significance of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) in basolateral membranes in the proximal tubule remains controversial. The key factor in crosstalk between the apical and basolateral sides is not known. METHODS We investigated the basolateral membranes, using double-barreled Ca2+ or pH ion-selective microelectrodes. We used doubly perfused bullfrog kidneys in vivo, and switched the basolateral solution (renal portal vein) to experimental solutions. RESULTS In the control, cellular pH (pHi) was 7.33 ± 0.032 (mean ± SE, n = 7) and in separate experiments, cellular Ca2+ activity (aCai) was 249.6 ± 35.54 nM (n = 28). Changing to respiratory acidosis, pHi was significantly acidified by 0.123 pH units on average and the change of aCai was +53.1 nM (n = 9 ns). In metabolic acidosis, pHi was reduced by 0.151 while aCai was reduced by 143.4. Using the 30 mM K+ solution, pHi was increased by 0.233 while aCai was reduced by 203.9, with depolarization. Both ionomycin and ouabain caused aCai to increase. In the 0.5 mM Na+ solution (replaced with BIDAC Cl), pHi was reduced by 0.177. No changes in aCai (+49.8 ns) were observed although we recorded depolarization of 15.2 mV. In the 0.5 mM Na+ solution, replaced with raffinose, no changes in aCai (-126.4 ns) were observed with depolarization (6.5 ns). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that thermodynamic calculations of cellular Na+ concentration led to the conclusion that either a Na+/HCO3- exchanger (NBC) or NCX could be present in the same basolateral membrane. H+ ions are the most plausible key factor in the crosstalk.
Metamaterial cavity for the isolation enhancement of closely positioned dual‐polarized relay antenna arrays

A novel metamaterial cavity for the isolation enhancement of closely positioned dual‐polarized relay antenna arrays is proposed in this paper. The metamaterial cavity is composed of four sets of double‐layer complementary meta‐surface and metal reflector. Numerical and experimental results show that the isolation level of the same polarization ports for the proposed metamaterial cavity‐backed antennas can be improved by at most 10dB over the frequency band of 2.5–2.7 GHz, as well as the isolation of the cross polarization ports. More importantly, the metamaterial cavity‐backed antennas keep other good performance such as VSWR < 1.5 and a stable radiation pattern where the metamaterial cavity is loaded. The metamaterial cavity is suitable not only for the common antenna arrays, but also for the separate antenna arrays. The proposed design is easy to integrate with pico‐base station antennas, relay antennas and repeater antennas. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:857–862, 2017
Efficacy and tolerability of a low dose weekly paclitaxel, carboplatin and cetuximab (PCC) regimen for metastatic or unresectable head and neck squamous cell carcinomas

Several important limitations to our study exist. First, most patients in our study had good functional status, which limits generalizability to patients with poorer performance status. Also, the small sample size prohibited multivariable analyses to examine the effects of the primary tumour site, stage of disease, or other comorbidities on response. Finally, the estimates from univariate analyses presented above lack precision, as evidenced by the wide confidence intervals.
Semantic attributes based texture generation

Semantic attributes are commonly used for texture description. They can be used to describe the information of a texture, such as patterns, textons, distributions, brightness, and so on. Generally speaking, semantic attributes are more concrete descriptors than perceptual features. Therefore, it is practical to generate texture images from semantic attributes. In this paper, we propose to generate high-quality texture images from semantic attributes. Over the last two decades, several works have been done on texture synthesis and generation. Most of them focusing on example-based texture synthesis and procedural texture generation. Semantic attributes based texture generation still deserves more devotion. Gan et al. proposed a useful joint model for perception driven texture generation. However, perceptual features are nonobjective spatial statistics used by humans to distinguish different textures in pre-attentive situations. To give more describing information about texture appearance, semantic attributes which are more in line with human description habits are desired. In this paper, we use sigmoid cross entropy loss in an auxiliary model to provide enough information for a generator. Consequently, the discriminator is released from the relatively intractable mission of figuring out the joint distribution of condition vectors and samples. To demonstrate the validity of our method, we compare our method to Gan et al.'s method on generating textures by designing experiments on PTD and DTD. All experimental results show that our model can generate textures from semantic attributes.