Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tetrahedral mesh generation in polyhedral regions based on convex polyhedron decompositions

The input to the method consists of the boundary faces of the polyhedral region and possibly internal and hole interfaces, plus the desired number of tetrahedra and other scalar parameters. The region is decomposed into convex polyhedra in two stages so that tetrahedra of one length scale can be generated in each subregion. A mesh distribution function, which is either automatically constructed from the first-stage convex polyhedron decomposition or supplied by the user, is used to determine the tetrahedron sizes in the subregions. Then a boundary constrained triangulation is constructed in each convex polyhedron, with local transformations being used to improve the quality of the tetahedra
Bidirectional Cladding-Pumped Multicore EDFA and its Optimization for Energy Efficiency by Tuning Pump Condition

This work investigates the feasibility of improving the energy efficiency of a cladding-pumped multicore (MC) EDFA by utilizing bidirectional (BD) pumping. The main issue with the current standard equalization of EDFA output is the indispensable optical power loss caused the reduced optical amplification efficiency of the EDFA. Our previous work demonstrated that the optical power loss due to equalization can be reduced by controlling the optical power ratio of the forward and backward pumps. This leads to improved energy efficiency of the signal amplification and equalization of both the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and spatial division multiplexing (SDM). In this paper, we report our detailed investigation into the tuning amplification characteristics of the BD-MC-EDFA. Our main focus was the gain, noise figure (NF), and gain shape of a 7-core BD-MC-EDFA prototype when forward and backward optical pump power was changed. Under 8 W of total optical pump power, the percentage of 60% forward cladding optical pump power was found to be optimal for efficiency considering the minimum output optical power loss due to equalization. This condition translates into a 1.7% pump conversion efficiency (PCE) improvement, which corresponds to a 24% reduction of the total optical pump power compared to conventional MC-EDFA with only forward cladding pumping. Although the NF deteriorated by 1.0 dB in wavelength average in the 4.5-THz signal bandwidth in exchange for the efficiency improvement, degradation of the 34.2-GBaud polarization multiplexed 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (PM-16QAM) signal amplified by the BD-MC-EDFA operated under the optimized condition was negligible.
Six Ways of Looking at Burtin's Lemma

In an article in this MONTHLY in 1953 Metropolis and Ulam asked for the expected number of components of the graph induced by a purely random mapping of a set of n points into itself [7]. This problem was solved one year later by L. Kruskal [6]. In 1955, L. Kac [4] computed the probability that this random graph is connected, that is, that the number of components is 1. In 1981, S. Ross [9] treated the same questions for more general random mappings in which the function values are independent and identically distributed but not necessarily uniform. The fundamental lemma of [9] had been proved earlier by the young Russian mathematician Y. D. Burtin, several months before his death in 1977 [2, Prop. 1]:
Tight Junction Protein Signaling and Cancer Biology

Tight junctions (TJs) are intercellular protein complexes that preserve tissue homeostasis and integrity through the control of paracellular permeability and cell polarity. Recent findings have revealed the functional role of TJ proteins outside TJs and beyond their classical cellular functions as selective gatekeepers. This is illustrated by the dysregulation in TJ protein expression levels in response to external and intracellular stimuli, notably during tumorigenesis. A large body of knowledge has uncovered the well-established functional role of TJ proteins in cancer pathogenesis. Mechanistically, TJ proteins act as bidirectional signaling hubs that connect the extracellular compartment to the intracellular compartment. By modulating key signaling pathways, TJ proteins are crucial players in the regulation of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, all of which being essential cancer hallmarks crucial for tumor growth and metastasis. TJ proteins also promote the acquisition of stem cell phenotypes in cancer cells. These findings highlight their contribution to carcinogenesis and therapeutic resistance. Moreover, recent preclinical and clinical studies have used TJ proteins as therapeutic targets or prognostic markers. This review summarizes the functional role of TJ proteins in cancer biology and their impact for novel strategies to prevent and treat cancer.
Differential Expression of DDX3 and microRNAs in Response to Hormone and Cisplatin Against Cervical Cancer

Objectives: To discover micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) involved in the regulation of DDX3 expression using sexual hormones in combination with the well-known anticancer medication cisplatin. Methods: SiHa cells were treated with estradiol, dihydrotestosterone, and cisplatin and evaluated the expression of ER beta, Ki67, and DDX3 via quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. We generated a chimeric fusion construct five untranslated region (UTR)–hLUC–3UTR in the pEZX-MT06 miRNA vector under the control of the SV40 promoter. Reporter activity is measured with/without hormones, and their activity is compared with 5'- and 3'-UTR respectively. Various reporter deletion constructs were generated to identify the minimal UTR region in regulating the expression of DDX3. We identified the potential miRNA binding sites on the DDX3 UTR region, and their expression is monitored in cancer patients and cisplatin-treated SiHa cells. Results: Hormones increased the proliferation of SiHa cells and expression of DDX3. The 3'-UTR region 2135–4307bp contains miRNA sites that regulate DDX3 expression. miRNAs hsa-miR-671-5p, hsa-miR-361-5p, hsa-miR-140-5p, hsa-miR-564, and hsa-miR-769-5p downregulated in patient samples but upregulated in cisplatin-treated cells. miRNA hsa-miR-671-5p and hsa-miR-564 were associated with patient data and cisplatin-treated cancer cells. Conclusion: We discovered that sexual hormones enhanced DDX3 expression in SiHa cells. MiR-671-5p and miR-564 are two potential therapeutic miRNAs that can be used to treat DDX3-related malignancies.
The route from order to chaos of soil moisture dynamics at large spatial scales

Abstract This study analyzes the relationship between soil moisture and lagged soil moisture according to the nonlinear soil moisture balance equation. The phase plane diagram and chaotic analysis show that the phenomena of the nonlinear dynamics equation, such as fixed point, limit cycle, and chaotic type of behavior, will become quite complex. At given parameters and lagged time, the limit evolution of soil moisture whose time delay is equal to 21 days is a strange attractor and the fractal dimension is 1.56. The ultimate soil moisture evolution is through a period doubling route from order to chaos.
ARE SUSTAINABILITY DISCLOSURE AND TAX AVOIDANCE ASSOCIATED WITH THE COST OF DEBT?

Abstract— This study examines whether sustainability disclosure and tax avoidance affect the cost of debt. The research data was obtained from financial statements, annual reports and sustainability reports of property and real estate sub-sector companies in Indonesia listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2017 to 2020. Data sourced from www.idx. co.id, www.idnfinancials. com and the authorized company's websites. Based on purposive sampling, the total sample used in this study amounted to 104 observations. Hypothesis testing is conducted by using multiple linear regression analysis for cross-section data. The study results conclude that sustainability disclosure and tax avoidance are not associated with the cost of debt. This research indicates that the Indonesia Financial Services Authority should increase supervision over sustainability and company policies to finance companies through debt made by listed companies. Keywords: Cost of Debt; Tax Avoidance; Corporate Social Responsibility
A PROACTIVE Coping Scale for U.S. College Students: Initial Evidence and Implications

The present studies report the development of a PROACTIVE coping scale to evaluate actions used by U.S. college students to prevent or prepare for potential future stressors. Results of EFA and CFA using two samples of U.S. college students (total N = 1123) indicated the viability and stability of a 19-item four-factor model of proactive coping: Active Preparation, Ineffective Preparation, Self-Management, and Utilization of Social Resources. The scale demonstrated good psychometric properties, and each factor represents a meaningful and distinctive facet of proactive coping behavior. Concurrent and incremental validity estimates indicated that the subscales of the scale were (a) associated with problem-solving appraisal, future-oriented thoughts, life satisfaction, and optimism in expected ways, and (b) accounted for more variance on life satisfaction beyond the effect of the problem-solving appraisal. The results from this study indicate the importance of broadening coping to include proactive coping and how proactive coping is associated with various psychological outcomes.
Open mathematical problems regarding non-Newtonian fluids

We present three open problems in the mathematical modelling of the flow of non-Newtonian fluids. The first problem is rather long standing: a discontinuity in the dependence of the rise velocity of a gas bubble on its volume. This is very well characterized experimentally but not, so far, fully reproduced either numerically or analytically. The other two are both instabilities. The first is observed experimentally but never predicted analytically or numerically. In the second instability, numerical studies reproduce the experimental observations but there is as yet no analytical or semi-analytical prediction of the linear instability which must be present.
Autocorrelation Scales of the SST Distribution and Water Masses Stratification in the Channel of Sicily

Abstract A 1-yr-long series of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer sea surface temperature (SST) images is used to study the SST distribution in 1992 over the Channel of Sicily. Time- and spatial scales of the SST are studied by estimating the SST autocorrelation function directly from satellite images. SST timescales vary from 1 week to 45 days, with lower values in areas of intense upwelling. Spatial scales of the SST show seasonal variations with values from 80 to 300 km, with higher values during the summer. Oscillations with periods from 11 to 35 days modulate the annual variability of the SST spatial scales. The first four internal radii of deformation are estimated on the basis of climatological density profiles. The first internal radius varies from 7 km during the winter to 14 km during the summer. It is shown that, although differences between horizontal scales of the SST and internal radii of deformation exist, the annual variability of the SST spatial scales can be interpreted in terms of.
Topological properties of kernels of partial differential operators

For a linear partial diﬀerential operator with constant coeﬃcients on D ′ (Ω), we investigate topological properties like barrelledness or bornologicity (which allow applications of fundamental principles like the Banach-Steinhaus or the open mapping theorem) of its kernel. Using recent functional analytic results inspired by homological al-gebra we prove that almost all barrelledness type conditions are equivalent in this situation and provide two distinct suﬃcient conditions which, in particular, are satisﬁed if the oper- ator is surjective or hypoelliptic. This last case generalizes a classical result of Malgrange and H¨ormander.
Optimal Redundancy Control of Robot Manipulators

This paper discusses the optimal redundancy control problem of robot manipulators. The redundancy control problem has mostly been discussed in the framework of instantaneously optimal control. In this paper, the globally optimal redun dancy control problem is solved strictly by using Pontryagin's maximum principle. According to the proposed method, the optimal trajectory is necessarily obtained if it evists. If only kinematics is considered, the optimal problem is reduced to minimal value searching in a space of as many dimensions as the degrees of redundancy. If dynamics is also taken into consideration, the optimal problem is reduced to minimum value searching in a space of twice as many dimensions as the degrees of redundancy.
The two-sided lid-driven cavity: experiments on stationary and time-dependent flows

The incompressible fluid flow in a rectangular container driven by two facing sidewalls which move steadily in anti-parallel directions is investigated experimentally for Reynolds numbers up to 1200. The moving sidewalls are realized by two rotating cylinders of large radii tightly closing the cavity. The distance between the moving walls relative to the height of the cavity (aspect ratio) is Γ = 1.96. Laser-Doppler and hot-film techniques are employed to measure steady and time-dependent vortex flows. Beyond a first threshold robust, steady, three-dimensional cells bifurcate supercritically out of the basic flow state. Through a further instability the cellular flow becomes unstable to oscillations in the form of standing waves with the same wavelength as the underlying cellular flow. If both sidewalls move with the same velocity (symmetrical driving), the oscillatory instability is found to be tricritical. The dependence on two sidewall Reynolds numbers of the ranges of existence of steady and oscillatory cellular flows is explored. Flow symmetries and quantitative velocity measurements are presented for representative cases.
DOA Estimation of Indoor Sound Sources Based on Spherical Harmonic Domain Beam-Space MUSIC

The Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm has become one of the most popular algorithms for estimating the direction-of-arrival (DOA) of multiple sources due to its simplicity and ease of implementation. Spherical microphone arrays can capture more sound field information than planar arrays. The collected multichannel speech signals can be transformed from the space domain to the spherical harmonic domain (SHD) for processing through spherical modal decomposition. The spherical harmonic domain MUSIC (SHD-MUSIC) algorithm reduces the dimensionality of the covariance matrix and achieves better DOA estimation performance than the conventional MUSIC algorithm. However, the SHD-MUSIC algorithm is prone to failure in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), high reverberation time (RT), and other multi-source environments. To address these challenges, we propose a novel joint spherical harmonic domain beam-space MUSIC (SHD-BMUSIC) algorithm in this paper. The advantage of decoupling the signal frequency and angle information in the SHD is exploited to improve the anti-reverberation property of the DOA estimation. In the SHD, the broadband beamforming matrix converts the SHD sound pressure to the beam domain output. Beamforming enhances the incoming signal in the desired direction and reduces the SNR threshold as well as the dimension of the signal covariance matrix. In addition, the 3D beam of the spherical array has rotational symmetry and its beam steering is decoupled from the beam shape. Therefore, the broadband beamforming constructed in this paper allows for the arbitrary adjustment of beam steering without the need to redesign the beam shape. Both simulation experiments and practical tests are conducted to verify that the proposed SHD-BMUSIC algorithm has a more robust adjacent source discrimination capability than the SHD-MUSIC algorithm.
Pulse-shape-dependent strong-field ionization viewed with velocity-map imaging

We explore strong field molecular ionization with velocity map imaging of fragment ions produced by dissociation following ionization. Our measurements and ab initio electronic structure calculations allow us to identify various electronic states of the molecular cation populated during ionization, with multiple pathways to individual states highlighted by the pulse shape dependence. In addition, we show that relative populations can be reconstructed from our measurements. The results illustrate how strong field molecular ionization can be complicated by the presence and interaction of multiple cationic states during ionization.
Correlation function studies for snow and ice

In the interpretation of active and passive microwave remote sensing data, the random medium model has been used to characterize snow and ice fields. A correlation function is used to describe the random permittivity fluctuations with its associated mean and variance, and correlation lengths. Several snow and ice samples are studied in this paper, and the correlation functions are shown to be exponential in character with correlation lengths corresponding to the actual size of the ice particles in snow or air bubbles in ice.
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES ADOPTED AGAINST SARS-COV-2 IN VACCINE DEVELOPMENT

In this review, we attempted to highlight the uniqueness and difference among vaccines. Vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to diseases and protect us from Covid 19. The term vaccine applies to all biological preparations produced by the living organisms, that enhance immunity against disease and the techniques used for the development of vaccines were reverse vaccinology, structural vaccinology, synthetic biology, and vaccine adjuvants. Besides these mRNA vaccines, we will also highlight the Protein subunit vaccines, which include separated proteins from viral or bacterial diseases, vaccines improve the immune system's "memorization" of the pathogen by imitating a milder form of disease, might provide a viable alternative to the mRNA-based coronavirus vaccines and discuss their advantages and disadvantages over the mRNA-based vaccines.
Clear speech intelligibility and accentedness ratings for native and non‐native talkers and listeners

This study investigated how native language background (L1) interacts with speaking style in determining levels of speech intelligibility. In four experiments, we explored whether native and non‐native hyper‐articulation clear speech strategies provide similar intelligibility benefits for native and high proficiency non‐native listeners. The sentence‐in‐noise perception results revealed that native speech was preferred over non‐native speech by both listener groups even when non‐native talkers and listeners shared the same L1. Clear speech was shown to be beneficial for both the native and fluent non‐native listeners. However, non‐native clear speech enhanced intelligibility less than native clear speech, supporting the hypothesis that clear speech production strategies involve enhancement of language‐specific phonological contrasts. In order to assess the relationship between objective intelligibility measures and subjective accentedness ratings, we obtained accentedness ratings of native and non‐native .
Therapeutic Strategies against Biofilm Infections

A biofilm is an aggregation of surface-associated microbial cells that is confined in an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix. Infections caused by microbes that form biofilms are linked to a variety of animals, including insects and humans. Antibiotics and other antimicrobials can be used to remove or eradicate biofilms in order to treat infections. However, due to biofilm resistance to antibiotics and antimicrobials, clinical observations and experimental research clearly demonstrates that antibiotic and antimicrobial therapies alone are frequently insufficient to completely eradicate biofilm infections. Therefore, it becomes crucial and urgent for clinicians to properly treat biofilm infections with currently available antimicrobials and analyze the results. Numerous biofilm-fighting strategies have been developed as a result of advancements in nanoparticle synthesis with an emphasis on metal oxide np. This review focuses on several therapeutic strategies that are currently being used and also those that could be developed in the future. These strategies aim to address important structural and functional aspects of microbial biofilms as well as biofilms’ mechanisms for drug resistance, including the EPS matrix, quorum sensing (QS), and dormant cell targeting. The NPs have demonstrated significant efficacy against bacterial biofilms in a variety of bacterial species. To overcome resistance, treatments such as nanotechnology, quorum sensing, and photodynamic therapy could be used.
Semiclassical approach to universality in quantum chaotic transport

The statistics of quantum transport through chaotic cavities with two leads is encoded in transport moments Mm=Tr[(t†t)m], where t is the transmission matrix, which have a known universal expression for systems without time-reversal symmetry. We present a semiclassical derivation of this universality, based on action correlations that exist between sets of long scattering trajectories. Our semiclassical formula for Mm holds for all values of m and an arbitrary number of open channels. This is achieved by mapping the problem into two independent combinatorial problems, one involving pairs of set partitions and the other involving factorizations in the symmetric group.
cpgQA: A Benchmark Dataset for Machine Reading Comprehension Tasks on Clinical Practice Guidelines and a Case Study Using Transfer Learning

Biomedical machine reading comprehension (bio-MRC), a crucial task in natural language processing, is a vital application of a computer-assisted clinical decision support system. It can help clinicians extract critical information effortlessly for clinical decision-making by comprehending and answering questions from biomedical text data. While recent advances in bio-MRC consider text data from resources such as clinical notes and scholarly articles, the clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are still unexplored in this regard. CPGs are a pivotal component of clinical decision-making at the point of care as they provide recommendations for patient care based on the most up-to-date information available. Although CPGs are inherently terse compared to a multitude of articles, often, clinicians find them lengthy and complicated to use. In this paper, we define a new problem domain – bio-MRC on CPGs – where the ultimate goal is to assist clinicians in efficiently interpreting the clinical practice guidelines using MRC systems. To that end, we develop a manually annotated and subject-matter expert-validated benchmark dataset for the bio-MRC task on CPGs – cpgQA. This dataset aims to evaluate intelligent systems performing MRC tasks on CPGs. Hence, we employ the state-of-the-art MRC models to present a case study illustrating an extensive evaluation of the proposed dataset. We address the problem of lack of training data in this newly defined domain by applying transfer learning. The results show that while the current state-of-the-art models perform well with 78% exact match scores on the dataset, there is still room for improvement, warranting further research on this problem domain. We release the dataset at https://github.com/mmahbub/cpgQA.
ON H-ALPHA VARIABILITY IN ALPHA LYRAE.

Observations of Alpha Lyr obtained in a 36-nm band centered on H-alpha using a rapid-scanning spectrophotometer with entrance slit 120 microns, exit slit 250 microns, FWHM resolution 650 pm, and scan duration 4.28 min at the Cassegrain focus of the 61-cm reflecting telescope at Yerkes Observatory over 17.5 h on six nights spanning 43 days in July-August 1984, are reported. A typical scan is presented graphically, and no variability of the type observed by Goraya and Singh (1983) in October 1983, is found.