Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automated medical literature screening using artificial intelligence: a systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE We aim to investigate the application and accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) methods for automated medical literature screening for systematic reviews. MATERIALS AND METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and IEEE Xplore Digital Library to identify potentially relevant studies. We included studies in automated literature screening that reported study question, source of dataset, and developed algorithm models for literature screening. The literature screening results by human investigators were considered to be the reference standard. Quantitative synthesis of the accuracy was conducted using a bivariate model. RESULTS Eighty-six studies were included in our systematic review and 17 studies were further included for meta-analysis. The combined recall, specificity, and precision were 0.928 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.878-0.958], 0.647 (95% CI, 0.442-0.809), and 0.200 (95% CI, 0.135-0.287) when achieving maximized recall, but were 0.708 (95% CI, 0.570-0.816), 0.921 (95% CI, 0.824-0.967), and 0.461 (95% CI, 0.375-0.549) when achieving maximized precision in the AI models. No significant difference was found in recall among subgroup analyses including the algorithms, the number of screened literatures, and the fraction of included literatures. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis study showed that the recall is more important than the specificity or precision in literature screening, and a recall over 0.95 should be prioritized. We recommend to report the effectiveness indices of automatic algorithms separately. At the current stage manual literature screening is still indispensable for medical systematic reviews.
The distribution of sinoatrial nodal cells and their innervation in the pig

The sinoatrial node (SAN) has been the object of interest of various studies. In experimental neurocardiology, the real challenge is the choice of the most appropriate animal model. Pig is routinely used animal due to its size and physiological features. Despite this, the anatomy and innervation of the pig SAN are not completely examined. This study analyses the distribution of SAN cells and their innervation in whole‐mount preparations and the cross‐sections of the pig right atrium. Our findings revealed the differences in the distribution of the SAN cells and their innervation pattern between pigs and other animals. The pig SAN myocytes were distributed around the root of the anterior vena cava. A meshwork of nerve fibers (NFs) in this area was four‐fold denser compared to other right atrial areas and contained the adrenergic (positive for TH), cholinergic (positive for ChAT), nitrergic (positive for nNOS), and potentially sensory (positive for SP) NFs. The SAN area contained 98 ± 10 ganglia that involved 21 ± 2 neuronal somata per ganglion. The determined chemical phenotypes of ganglionic cells demonstrate their diversity in the pig SAN area as there were identified neuronal somata positive for ChAT, nNOS, TH, and simultaneously for ChAT/nNOS and ChAT/TH. Small intensively fluorescent cells were also abundant. The broad distribution of SAN cells, the chemical diversity, and the high density of neural components in the SAN area are comparable to the human one and, therefore, the pig may be considered as the appropriate animal model for experimental cardiology.
Endolymphatic hydrops presumption tests for patients with vestibular migraine

Abstract Background The aetiology of vestibular migraine (VM) has not yet been defined; endolymphatic hydrops (EH) has been suggested as a candidate. Objectives This study aimed to clarify the relationship between VM and EH using neuro-otological tests, including the EH presumption test. Materials and methods Fourteen patients with VM underwent caloric testing, video head impulse test (vHIT), cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP and oVEMP), and EH presumption tests such as the Futaki’s test and furosemide loading VEMP. Results Caloric testing was abnormal in two of the 14 cases (14.3%), and vHIT was abnormal in one of 12 cases (8.3%). Abnormal asymmetry ratios (ARs) of cVEMP and oVEMP were observed in two of 14 cases (14.3%) and six of 13 cases (46.2%), respectively. Futaki’s test results were positive in five of 14 cases (35.7%). Furosemide loading VEMP was positive in seven of 14 cases (50.0%). Nine patients (64.3%) were positive for at least one EH presumption test. Conclusions and significance EH is not a rare finding in VM; however, the ratio is less than that in Meniere’s disease.
Theoretical assessment of a crossed electrode 2-D array for 3-D imaging

A crossed electrode two-dimensional (2-D) transducer array is described. The array permits real-time three-dimensional imaging using a small fraction of the elements required by a full two-dimensional array. Using this approach, the number of elements in an N/spl times/N 2-D array is reduced by a factor of N/4. Simulation results show that a radiation pattern comparable to one produced by a conventional linear phased array with a 50 wavelength aperture can be obtained using a crossed electrode array with 200 transmit and receive elements.
Surgeon volume and risk of deep surgical site infection following open reduction and internal fixation of closed ankle fracture

Increasing evidences have shown that surgeon volume was associated with postoperative complications or outcomes in a variety of orthopaedics surgeries, but few were focused on ankle fractures. This study aimed to investigate the deep surgical site infection (DSSI) in association with the surgeon volume following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of ankle fractures. This was a retrospective analysis of the prospectively collected data on patients who underwent ORIF for acute closed ankle fractures between October 2014 and June 2020. Surgeon volume was defined as the number of ORIF procedures performed within 12 months preceding the index operation. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to determine the optimal cut‐off value, whereby surgeon volume was dichotomized as high or low. The outcome was DSSI within 1 year postoperatively. Multivariate logistics analysis was performed to examine the DSSI in association with surgeon volume and multiple sensitivity/subgroup analyses were performed to refine the findings. Among 1562 patients, 33 (2.1%) developed a DSSI. The optimal cut‐off value was 7/year. Low‐volume (<7/year) was significantly associated with a 5.0‐fold increased risk of DSSI (95%CI, 2.2‐11.3; P < .001). Sensitivity/subgroup analyses restricted to patients aged <65 years, with or without concurrent fractures, with unimalleolar fractures, bi‐ or trimalleolar fractures, receiving ORIF within 14 days and those operated by ≥10‐year experience surgeons showed the consistently significant results (ORs, 2.7‐6.8, all P < .05). The surgeon volume of <7 cases/year is associated with an increased risk of DSSI. It is more feasible that patients with complex fractures or conditions (eg, bi‐ and trimalleolar or presence of concurrent fractures) are preferentially directed to high‐volume and experienced surgeons.
Iron overload‐induced ferroptosis of osteoblasts inhibits osteogenesis and promotes osteoporosis: An in vitro and in vivo study

Growing evidence indicates that iron overload is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis. However, the mechanisms are not fully understood. The purpose of our study was to determine whether iron overload could lead to ferroptosis in osteoblasts and to explore whether ferroptosis of osteoblasts is involved in iron overload‐induced osteoporosis in vitro and in vivo. Ferric ammonium citrate was used to mimic iron overload conditions, while deferoxamine and ferrostatin‐1 were used to inhibit ferroptosis of MC3T3‐E1 cells in vitro. The ferroptosis, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3‐E1 cells were assessed in vitro. A mouse iron overload model was established using iron dextran. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to determine ferroptosis of osteoblasts in vivo. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays and calcein–alizarin red S labelling were used to assess new bone formation. Dual x‐ray absorptiometry, micro‐computed tomography and histopathological analysis were conducted to evaluate osteoporosis. The results showed that iron overload reduced cell viability, superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels, increased reactive oxygen species generation, lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde levels and ferroptosis‐related protein expression, and induced ultrastructural changes in mitochondria. Iron overload could also inhibit osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in vitro. Inhibiting ferroptosis reversed the changes described above. Iron overload inhibited osteogenesis, promoted the ferroptosis of osteoblasts and induced osteoporosis in vivo, which could also be improved by deferoxamine and ferrostatin‐1. These results demonstrate that ferroptosis of osteoblasts plays a crucial role in iron overload‐induced osteoporosis. Maintaining iron homeostasis and targeting ferroptosis of osteoblasts might be potential measures of treating or preventing iron overload‐induced osteoporosis.
Designing secure agents with 0.0. technologies for user's mobility

Using different kinds of computers from different locations has become a classical phe nomenon. A user is said to be mobile when he does not always communicate with the outside from the same location. More and more people are being included in this category, such as people using a workstation linked to the Internet at their office, a microcomputer equipped with a telephone modem at home or a portable computer communicating via a wireless link. Features of these stations can be drastically different [GC94] especially for mobile computers due to numerous constraints such as weight, size, low communication flow and energy consumption [FZ94], [IV94]. Communication with a mobile user depends on the terminal used. This paper proposes an agent-based system in which one agent is associated to one user in order to simplify his tasks. Object-oriented technologies will be used as a way to guarantee agent's data privacy, protect agent acceptor's sites from intrusions and, in case of loss, make agent's recovery easier to perform.
IL‐17A is a pertinent therapeutic target for moderate‐to‐severe hidradenitis suppurativa: Combined results from a pre‐clinical and phase II proof‐of‐concept study

Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent, inflammatory, follicular skin disease whose pathology is complex and not fully understood. The objective of this study was to elucidate the role of IL‐17A in moderate‐to‐severe HS. Transcriptomic and histological analyses were conducted on ex vivo HS (n = 19; lesional and non‐lesional) and healthy control (n = 8) skin biopsies. Further, a Phase II exploratory, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was carried out in moderate‐to‐severe HS patients. Patients were treated with either CJM112 300 mg (n = 33), a fully human anti‐IL‐17A IgG1/κ monoclonal antibody, or placebo (n = 33). The main outcome of the translational analyses was to identify IL‐17A‐producing cells and indications of IL‐17A activity in HS lesional skin. The primary objective of the clinical study was to determine the efficacy of CJM112 in moderate‐to‐severe HS patients by HS‐Physician Global Assessment (HS‐PGA) responder rate at Week 16. Transcriptomic and histopathologic analyses revealed the presence of heterogeneous cell types in HS lesional skin; IL‐17A gene signatures were increased in HS lesional vs non‐lesional or healthy skin. High expression of IL‐17A was localized to T cells, neutrophils, and mast cells, confirming the transcriptional data. Clinically, the proportion of Week 16 HS‐PGA responders was significantly higher (p = 0.03) in the CJM112 group vs placebo (32.3% vs 12.5%). This study elucidated the role of the IL‐17A pathway in HS pathogenesis and clinically validated the IL‐17A pathway in moderate‐to‐severe HS patients in a proof‐of‐concept study using the anti‐IL‐17A‐specific antibody CJM112.
Spatially specific mechanisms and functions of the plant circadian clock

Abstract Like many organisms, plants have evolved a genetic network, the circadian clock, to coordinate processes with day/night cycles. In plants, the clock is a pervasive regulator of development and modulates many aspects of physiology. Clock-regulated processes range from the correct timing of growth and cell division to interactions with the root microbiome. Recently developed techniques, such as single-cell time-lapse microscopy and single-cell RNA-seq, are beginning to revolutionize our understanding of this clock regulation, revealing a surprising degree of organ, tissue, and cell-type specificity. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our spatial view of the clock across the plant, both in terms of how it is regulated and how it regulates a diversity of output processes. We outline how understanding these spatially specific functions will help reveal the range of ways that the clock provides a fitness benefit for the plant.
Two-year longitudinal study on changes in thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus without visual impairment or diabetic retinopathy

Abstract Purpose To study changes in the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) without visual impairment or diabetic retinopathy (DR) after 2 years of follow-up and analyze the associated factors. Methods Thirty-seven children with T1DM were enrolled in this study. All children underwent a complete ophthalmologic evaluation that included swept-source optical coherence tomography at baseline and follow-up. Changes in RNFL and GCL thickness were compared among the children at baseline and follow-up. Results The peripapillary RNFL thickness was greater in the temporal (inner, p = 0.015; outer, p = 0.004) and inner superior (p = 0.043) sectors in the follow-up group than in the baseline group. The macular RNFL thickness in the fovea, inner nasal sector, inner inferior sector, and outer ring and the average thickness (all p < 0.05) were greater in the follow-up group than in the baseline group. The peripapillary GCL thickness decreased in the temporal sector (inner, p = 0.049; outer, p = 0.041) and increased in the inner nasal sector (p = 0.006) in the follow-up group compared with the baseline group, and the thickness of the inner temporal, inner superior, inner inferior, outer nasal, and outer inferior sectors and average thickness in the macula were lower in the follow-up group than in the baseline group (all p < 0.05). The total retinal thickness around optic disc in the follow-up group increased in the inner superior sectors (p = 0.006). The total retinal thickness of the macula decreased in inner temporal sector, inner superior sector and outer nasal sector, and increased in outer superior sector (all p < 0.05). Conclusions Retinal neurodegenerative changes preceded microvascular changes in children with T1DM in the early stage. Peripapillary RNFL thickness in the nasal sector may be lower in children with T1DM without visual impairment or other ocular pathologies.
Les entreprises marocaines et le développement durable: défis et enjeux. Illustration par le cas de l’OCP (site de Youssoufia)

This article analyzes the challenges that the Moroccan companies namely Morocco's Office Cherifien of Phosphate (OCP) in the Youssoufia site have to address in order to move towards sustainable development. It examines the necessary strategies for the implementation of such an approach and highlights the issues necessary for such a vision. It aims to answer the following question: what is the impact of the projects introduced by the OCP on the development of the city of Youssoufia? The research is based on a qualitative study conducted with some group leaders and directors of public institutions in the city of Youssoufia through semi-structured interviews. The main results of the evaluation are as follows: -at the environmental level: though the group has carried out several projects they do not help improve air quality nor reduce urban sprawl; - at the social level: the group has conducted several civic actions that are limited in time and do not help those who really need help. However, funding for associations' activities remains reserved and unsustainable, many unfulfilled commitments as the schools that have no adequate water facilities.
STABILIZING AND BRACKET PILLAR DESIGN TO REDUCE SEISMICITY

Strike stabilizing pillars (Figure 1) are used in association with longwalling in deep level gold mines for regional support. They are the most common pillars in deep mines of the Central Rand and Carletonville goldfields. Their purpose is directed at restricting the convergence in the back areas of longwalls, obtaining a reduction in both the stresses and mining-induced seismicity in the stope faces and, thus, contributing a great deal towards lowering the risk of rockbursts in deep stopes. On another front, it has been commonly accepted that mining in the vicinity of geological structures, such as faults and dykes, leads both to an increase in the number of seismic events along these structures and to a deterioration in local ground conditions in their vicinity. At times, slip on discontinuities may cause rockbursts within stopes, which can cause equipment damage and, more seriously, injury and loss of life. The most accepted practical measure to counter such effects involves the leaving of strips of unmined ground adjacent to the features so as to reduce the potential for them to slip. These strips of unmined reef are termed ‘bracket pillars’ (Figure 2) and they are intended to exert a ‘clamping’ effect on the adjacent discontinuity. Central to this rationale is the assumption that, by reducing the potential for slip, the incidence of damaging seismic events along a bracketed structure is also lessened, resulting in better and safer conditions in the nearby stopes. It needs to be emphasized that seismicity will always occur whenever excavations are made in highly stressed rock masses, such as those of deep level mines. Regional support measures such as the use of strike stabilizing pillars and bracket pillars can only reduce, but not eliminate, the incidence of seismicity in the vicinity of working faces. The objective of optimal layout design will be the one for which such reduction is maximized. In the absence, at this stage, of unequivocal relationships between geological and rock engineering properties from which design methods could be derived, other parametric interdependencies of equal importance to mine layout design may be found from planned experiments and data analyses from field monitoring, as well as from numerical modelling. A number of observations that may have great impact on the design of both stabilizing and bracket pillars have emerged from a series of such studies. This paper attempts to summarize the most relevant findings from recent research activities.
Treatment Trends in Meniscal Pathology in the Setting of Concomitant ACL Injuries in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients: An Insurance Database Study

Background: Meniscal pathology is commonly encountered in the setting of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture and is increasingly common in the pediatric and adolescent population. Studies have shown that over half of individuals presenting with ACL rupture will have concurrent meniscal pathology. Purpose: To define trends in the utilization of meniscal procedures (ie, meniscus repair vs partial meniscectomy) and short-term complications in pediatric and young adult patients with meniscal pathology in the setting of a concurrent ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The IBM MarketScan Commercial Database was utilized to identify ACL reconstruction procedures performed between 2006 and 2018 for individuals aged 5 to 30 years. Annual proportions of meniscectomy and meniscal repair were analyzed, and short-term complications were compared between pediatric/adolescent patients (aged 5-17 years) and young adults (aged 18-30 years). Results: An overall 40,736 records of individuals <18 years old with ACL tears were included. The pediatric/adolescent population had a significantly lower proportion of concomitant meniscal procedures (56.8%; 23,149/40,736) than the young adult population (59.7%; 33,764/56,515; P < .01). From 2006 to 2018, utilization of meniscal repair in the setting of ACL reconstruction steadily increased (20.1% to 35.1% [+15 percentage points], P < .01), while the proportion with meniscectomy decreased (34.4% to 21.3% [–13.1 percentage points], P < .01). There was no difference in rate of reoperation for repeat meniscal repair or meniscectomy in the pediatric/adolescent population for those undergoing meniscal repair versus meniscectomy within 180 days of primary surgery (1.7% [188/10,766] vs 1.5% [186/12,383]; P = .14). Conclusion: From 2006 to 2018, the proportion of patients receiving ACL reconstruction with concomitant meniscal repair increased (20.1% to 35.1%) while the proportion with meniscectomy decreased (34.4% to 21.3%) in the pediatric/adolescent population. Meniscal repair was not associated with a higher 180-day rate of reoperation for repeat meniscal repair or meniscectomy than meniscectomy in the setting of ACL reconstruction.
cDC1 vaccines drive tumor rejection by direct presentation independently of host cDC1.

As a cell-based cancer vaccine, dendritic cells (DCs), derived from peripheral blood monocytes or bone marrow (BM) treated with GM-CSF (GMDCs), were initially thought to induce antitumor immunity by presenting tumor antigens directly to host T cells. Subsequent work revealed that GMDCs do not directly prime tumor specific T cells, but must transfer their antigens to host DCs. This reduces their advantage over strictly antigen-based strategies proposed as cancer vaccines. Type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1s) have been reported to be superior to GMDCs as a cancer vaccine, but whether they act by transferring antigens to host DCs is unknown. To test this, we compared anti-tumor responses induced by GMDCs and cDC1 in Irf8 +32-/- mice, which lack endogenous cDC1 and cannot reject immunogenic fibrosarcomas. Both GMDCs and cDC1 could cross-present cell-associated antigens to CD8+ T cells in vitro. However, injection of GMDCs into tumors in Irf8 +32-/- mice did not induce anti-tumor immunity, consistent with their reported dependence on host cDC1. In contrast, injection of cDC1s into tumors in Irf8 +32-/- mice resulted in their migration to tumor-draining lymph nodes, activation of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells, and rejection of the tumors. Tumor rejection did not require the in vitro loading of cDC1 with antigens, indicating that acquisition of antigens in vivo is sufficient to induce anti-tumor responses. Finally, cDC1 vaccination showed abscopal effects, with rejection of untreated tumors growing concurrently on the opposite flank. These results suggest that cDC1 may be a useful future avenue to explore for anti-tumor therapy.