Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Паллиативная помощь больным с респираторной патологией и критическими состояниями: официальный документ Американского торакального общества Palliative care for patients with respiratory diseases and critical illnesses

http://www.pulmonology. ru Паллиативная помощь направлена на предотвраще ние и уменьшение страданий больного путем конт роля над симптомами заболевания и другой под держки пациента и его родственников с целью сохранения и улучшения качества их жизни. Хотя первоначально паллиативная помощь разрабатыва лась и внедрялась в практику в терминальных стади ях (в конце жизни больного), она может применять ся на всех этапах заболевания. Американское торакальное общество (ATS) одоб рило создание дополнительной рабочей группы по лечению терминальных стадий хронических легоч ных заболеваний и критических состояний с целью разработки данного документа, направленного на внедрение паллиативной помощи в стандартные клинические рекомендации, посвященные лечебно восстановительным мероприятиям. Таким образом, данный документ создавался и как обучающий, и как рекомендательный. В нем впервые отражено прин ципиальное отношение ATS как профессионального общества к паллиативной помощи (табл. 1), которое нашло применение в лечении детей и взрослых Клинические рекомендации
Bromeliaceae: Profile of an Adaptive Radiation

This book, first published in 2000, presents a synthesis of the extensive information available on the biology of Bromeliacea, a largely neotropical family of about 2700 described species. Reproductive and vegetative structure and related physiology, ecology and evolution are emphasized, rather than floristics and taxonomy. Guiding questions include: why is this family inordinately successful in arboreal (epiphytic) and other typically stressful habitats and also so important to extensive fauna beyond pollinators and frugivores in the forest canopy? Extraordinary and sometimes novel mechanisms that mediate water balance, tolerance for high and low exposures, and mutualisms with ants have received much study and allow interesting comparisons among plant taxa and help explain why members of this taxon exhibit more adaptive and ecological variety than most other families of flowering plants. This volume concentrates on function and underlying mechanisms, thus will round out a literature that otherwise mostly ignores basic biology in favour of taxonomy and horticulture.
Emerging Adulthood: The Dawning of a New Age

What do laboratory rats, men, and college students have in common? They have often been studied by psychologists as representatives of a larger group, such as nonhuman animals or people in general. More recently, psychologists have turned to studying the species-typical behavior of rats and the roles and behavior of men and boys with respect to their masculine gender. Likewise, college students have served psychologists as representatives of humanity in studies of cognition and social and emotional behavior, but they have been studied infrequently as occupying a distinct developmental period.
Circularly permuted green fluorescent proteins engineered to sense Ca2+

To visualize Ca2+-dependent protein–protein interactions in living cells by fluorescence readouts, we used a circularly permuted green fluorescent protein (cpGFP), in which the amino and carboxyl portions had been interchanged and reconnected by a short spacer between the original termini. The cpGFP was fused to calmodulin and its target peptide, M13. The chimeric protein, which we have named “pericam,” was fluorescent and its spectral properties changed reversibly with the amount of Ca2+, probably because of the interaction between calmodulin and M13 leading to an alteration of the environment surrounding the chromophore. Three types of pericam were obtained by mutating several amino acids adjacent to the chromophore. Of these, “flash-pericam” became brighter with Ca2+, whereas “inverse-pericam” dimmed. On the other hand, “ratiometric-pericam” had an excitation wavelength changing in a Ca2+-dependent manner. All of the pericams expressed in HeLa cells were able to monitor free Ca2+ dynamics, such as Ca2+ oscillations in the cytosol and the nucleus. Ca2+ imaging using high-speed confocal line-scanning microscopy and a flash-pericam allowed to detect the free propagation of Ca2+ ions across the nuclear envelope. Then, free Ca2+ concentrations in the nucleus and mitochondria were simultaneously measured by using ratiometric-pericams having appropriate localization signals, revealing that extra-mitochondrial Ca2+ transients caused rapid changes in the concentration of mitochondrial Ca2+. Finally, a “split-pericam” was made by deleting the linker in the flash-pericam. The Ca2+-dependent interaction between calmodulin and M13 in HeLa cells was monitored by the association of the two halves of GFP, neither of which was fluorescent by itself.
A Toolkit for the Measurement of Youth Risk Behavior

A toolkit for the measurement of youth risk behavior This publication is the third in a series of monographs prepared by the Inter-American Development Bank's Social Protection and Health Division to support the measurement of youth at risk. In this context, this document has been created to support and strengthen the monitoring and evaluation processes of programs aimed at youth. With an emphasis on effective results measurement, it is structured as a user-friendly operational guide for teams of specialists who work with this population group.
Análisis del cese de la actividad empresarial a través del comportamiento de los stakeholders = An analysis of the stakeholders’ behavior effects on business failure situations

El fin de este trabajo consiste en el estudio de la influencia del comportamiento de los stakeholders en el fracaso o cese de la actividad empresarial, en base a la caracterizacion de los datos extraidos de la informacion contable (Cuenta de Perdidas y Ganancias y del Estado de Valor Anadido). Para ello, se ha seleccionado una muestra de 2.536 PYMES espanolas, fracasadas la mitad de ellas, en el periodo de estudio 2006- 2009 y se ha aplicado una metodologia estadistica basada en el analisis univariante de diferencias de medias y en la estimacion de modelos logit. Los resultados alcanzados verifican que los comportamientos de algunos stakeholders inciden en el aumento de las probabilidades de fracaso o cese de la actividad empresarial, constituyendo factores a tener en cuenta para la deteccion y prevencion de estas situaciones o desenlaces. The subject of this paper is to study the influence of stakeholders behaviors on the business failure or cessation, based on the information extracted from the accounting information (Profit and Loss Account and the State Value Added). To do this, we selected a sample of 2,536 Spanish SMEs, half of them failed, in the study period from 2006 to 2009 and applied a statistical methodology based on the estimation of logit models. The results verified that the behaviors of the some stakeholders influence the increased likelihood of business failure or cessation, constituting factors to be considered for detecting and preventing of these conditions or outcomes.
Visualization Analysis for Urban Human Traveling Behavior Based on Mobile Phone Data

With the fast development of data acquisition techniques and storage capabilities, more and more human travel related data has been collected. These “Big Data” bring both opportunities and challenges for human travel behavior research. In this paper, millions of residents' daily mobile phone records collected in Shanghai are analyzed by four visualization methods to characterize urban human travel behavior patterns. Particularly, this paper studies: 1) the travel OD map that reveals the spatial structure of travel demand, 2) the two-dimensional population density map that characterizes the continuous spatial distribution of residents, 3) the vector field map of resident movement that depicts the local movement feature of residents, 4) the particle graph of resident flow that demonstrates the smooth dynamic movement process of residents. Both the design objectives and the animation techniques for each visualization method are discussed. The findings on residents' travel behaviors could help the government make the appropriate urban planning and help residents make the better daily travel planning.
Present‐day crustal thinning in the southern and northern Tibetan Plateau revealed by GPS measurements

GPS measurements from sites within the Tibetan Plateau show not only east‐southeast‐west‐northwest extension but also, more importantly, horizontal dilation throughout the interior of the plateau. Assuming conservation of volume, vertical (thinning) strain rates equal horizontal dilation rates, and they, 8.9 ± 0.8 nanostrain a−1 and 7.4 ± 1.2 nanostrain a−1 in northern and southern Tibet, and 12.0 ± 3.2 nanostrain a−1 in its southwestern part, suggest no measureable difference. Principal extensional strain rates also are similar in magnitude and orientation. If crustal thinning began at 10–15 Ma and the current rates of horizontal dilation applied both to the entire crust and to that period, the crust should have thinned by 5.5–8.5 km. If isostatic equilibrium applied, the mean elevation of the plateau would have dropped ~1 km. The similar rates for northern, southern, and southwestern Tibet suggest that the processes dictating crustal extension, normal faulting, and crustal thinning in the three regions differ little from one another.
Synthetic waveform modelling of SS precursors from anisotropic upper-mantle discontinuities

SS precursors are a powerful tool for interrogating upper-mantle discontinuity structure. Some of these discontinuities may be defined fully or partially by a variation in anisotropy with depth. Therefore, a careful evaluation of SS precursor waveform predictions from anisotropic discontinuities is required. Here, we perform synthetic waveform modelling to evaluate the potential for using SS precursors to constrain anisotropic discontinuities. We investigate SS precursor amplitudes from models with azimuthally anisotropic discontinuities with assumed hexagonal symmetry. We demonstrate that SS precursor polarity variations are robust across a wide range of earthquake source polarizations for our anisotropic models. While polarity variations are not unique among all potential two-layer models with anisotropic discontinuities, other observables, such as the relative arrival time of the precursor and tectonic settings, may be used to constrain anisotropic structure. We discuss implications for previous imaging of upper-mantle discontinuities that may be anisotropic, such as the Lehmann discontinuity, and discontinuities in depth range of the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary beneath the Pacific.
Sensitivity of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Variability to Parameterized Nordic Sea Overflows in CCSM4

AbstractThe inclusion of parameterized Nordic Sea overflows in the ocean component of the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) results in a much improved representation of the North Atlantic tracer and velocity distributions compared to a control CCSM4 simulation without this parameterization. As a consequence, the variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) on decadal and longer time scales is generally lower, but the reduction is not uniform in latitude, depth, or frequency–space. While there is dramatically less variance in the overall AMOC maximum (at about 35°N), the reduction in AMOC variance at higher latitudes is more modest. Also, it is somewhat enhanced in the deep ocean and at low latitudes (south of about 30°N). The complexity of overturning response to overflows is related to the fact that, in both simulations, the AMOC spectrum varies substantially with latitude and depth, reflecting a variety of driving mechanisms that are impacted in different ways by .
Prediction under Model Uncertainty Via Dynamic Model Averaging : Application to a Cold Rolling Mill 1

We consider the problem of online prediction when it is uncertain what the best prediction model to use is. We develop a method called Dynamic Model Averaging (DMA) in which a state space model for the parameters of each model is combined with a Markov chain model for the correct model. This allows the “correct” model to vary over time. The state space and Markov chain models are both specified in terms of forgetting, leading to a highly parsimonious representation. The method is applied to the problem of predicting the output strip thickness for a cold rolling mill, where the output is measured with a time delay. We found that when only a small number of physically motivated models were considered and one was clearly best, the method quickly converged to the best model, and the cost of model uncertainty was small; indeed DMA performed slightly better than the best physical model. When model uncertainty and the number of models considered were large, our method ensured that the penalty for model uncertainty was small. At the beginning of the process, when control is most difficult, we found that DMA over a large model space led to better predictions than the single best performing physically motivated model.
Application of empirical mode decomposition to very low frequency signals for identification of seismic-ionospheric precursor phenomena

This study investigates the application of empirical mode decomposition to signals from very low frequency transmitters in Europe that were received in Thessaloniki, Greece, to provide a method for depicting seismic-ionospheric precursor phenomena that occur prior to an earthquake. The basis for ionosphere interactions with seismic phenomena has been well documented in past studies, and the depiction of disturbances applied from the earthionosphere waveguide on the received signals was the purpose of this study. Empirical mode decomposition is a method for processing of nonlinear and nonstationary signals, to decompose them into their functional components, known as intrinsic mode functions. This method can provide high pass filtering to signals, thus depicting a clearer image of any abnormal disturbances in the signals that are not part of the normal noise content. Observations of such precursor phenomena are presented and correlated to earthquakes, to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.
Nutrient Runoff from Pasture after Incorporation of Poultry Litter or Inorganic Fertilizer

Land-applied poultry litter can elevate N, P, and C concentrations in surface water runoff. This study tested the hypothesis that incorporation of surface-applied poultry litter and inorganic fertilizer by rotary tillage would improve runoff quality from tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber) pasture. Captina silt loam (fine-silty, siliceous, mesic Typic Fragiudult) plots with 5% slopes and fescue cover received 4.5 Mg litter ha-1 or fertilizer equivalent to 218 kg N ha-1 and 87 kg P ha-1. Litter and fertilizer were surface applied or incorporated 2 to 3 cm deep by rotary tillage. Simulated rainfall was applied 7 d later at 50 mm h-1 to produce continuous runoff for 0.5 h. Runoff concentrations and mass losses of measured constituents were not significantly different (alpha = 0.05) between surface-applied and incorporated treatments. Runoff concentrations of total Kjeldahl N (TKN), NH3-N, NO3-N, total P (TP), PO4-P, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS) averaged 32.5, 12.4, 1.1, 15.4, 10.4, 427.8, and 86.8 mg L-1 for litter treatments, and 37.5, 39.0, 2.6, 26.2, 26.1, 87.8, and 20.6 mg L-1 for fertilizer treatments. Mass losses of TKN, NH3-N, NO3-N, TP, PO4-P, COD, and TSS averaged 2.8, 1.0, 0.1, 1.3, 0.9, 32.3, and 6.7 kg ha-1 for litter and 2.9, 3.4, 0.2, 2.0, 2.0, 12.7, and 2.1 kg ha-1 for fertilizer treatments. Runoff mass losses of TKN and TP were not significantly different between litter and fertilizer treatments. Averaged across all treatments and replications, mass losses of TKN and TP were 2.8 and 1.7 kg ha-1, representing 1.3% of applied N and 1.9% of applied P.
Alignment of molecular networks by integer quadratic programming

MOTIVATION With more and more data on molecular networks (e.g. protein interaction networks, gene regulatory networks and metabolic networks) available, the discovery of conserved patterns or signaling pathways by comparing various kinds of networks among different species or within a species becomes an increasingly important problem. However, most of the conventional approaches either restrict comparative analysis to special structures, such as pathways, or adopt heuristic algorithms due to computational burden. RESULTS In this article, to find the conserved substructures, we develop an efficient algorithm for aligning molecular networks based on both molecule similarity and architecture similarity, by using integer quadratic programming (IQP). Such an IQP can be relaxed into the corresponding quadratic programming (QP) which almost always ensures an integer solution, thereby making molecular network alignment tractable without any approximation. The proposed framework is very flexible and can be applied to many kinds of molecular networks including weighted and unweighted, directed and undirected networks with or without loops. AVAILABILITY Matlab code and data are available from http://zhangroup.aporc. org/bioinfo/MNAligner or http://intelligent.eic. osaka-sandai.ac. jp/chenen/software/MNAligner, or upon request from authors. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
‘It’s revolutionised how we do things’: then and now - a case study of Internet behaviours in a remote rural community

This document is the final version of a published work that appeared in final form in Proceedings of the XXVI European Society for Rural Sociology Congress: Places of Possibility? Rural Societies in a Neoliberal World, 18-21 August, Aberdeen, Scotland. To access the final edited and published work see http://esrs2015.hutton. ac.uk/sites/www.esrs2015. eu/files/Final%20ESRS%202015%20congress%20proceedings.pdf
Shock melt veins of Tenham chondrite as a possible paleomagnetic recorder: Rock magnetism and high‐pressure minerals

Heavily shocked meteorites of shock stages S5 and S6 contain shock‐induced melt veins (SMVs). SMVs might have reset the remanence of an asteroidal metamorphism at the time of giant collisions against a chondrite parent body. Here we present micropaleomagnetic and petrologic studies of SMVs in L6S5 Tenham chondrite with ∼500 μm thick black veins enclosing high‐pressure minerals such as ringwoodite. Paleomagnetic data show that the high‐temperature (HT, 200°C–650°C) and high‐coercivity (HC, 20–100 mT) stable components of SMVs formed a cluster even from different portions of SMV, whereas the stable HT component of surrounding host rock showed a scattered orientation under stereonet projection. The host rock HC components form a girdle between the mixing of SMVs and unknown overprints, tracing the magnetic susceptibility foliation. Magnetic force microscopy and backscattered electron images confirmed kamacite and taenite assemblages in iron sulfides as remanence‐carrying minerals in SMVs. Hysteresis data of SMVs revealed the presence of single‐domain (SD) FeNi metals with Mrs/Ms = ∼0.1 and Hrc/Hc = ∼2, although these parameters are only applicable to magnetite. Because the metastable ringwoodite in SMVs transforms back to olivine at 188°C for 1000 Myr (metamorphism) or at 900°C for 1 h (postshock heating), the preservation of ringwoodite suggests that SMVs have not experienced either thermal condition. The magnetic time‐temperature relation for SD FeNi metals suggested that 200°C unblocking temperature corresponds to the storage time of 100 years for kamacite and 4500 Myr for taenite at room temperature. The difference of HT components discards the possibility of postshock heating. Therefore, the SMV's remanence is a characteristic shock‐induced thermal remanence that has newly been acquired during hypervelocity collision under a cryptic magnetic field.
Cloud shadow detection and removal from aerial photo mosaics using light detection and ranging (lidar) reflectance images

The process of creating aerial photo mosaics can be severely affected by clouds and the shadows they create. In the CZMIL project discussed in this work, the aerial survey aircraft flies below the clouds, but the shadows cast from clouds above the aircraft cause the resultant mosaic image to have sub-optimal results. Large intensity variations, caused both from the cloud shadow within a single image and the juxtaposition of areas of cloud shadow and no cloud shadow during the image stitching process, create an image that may not be as useful to the concerned research scientist. Ideally, we would like to be able to detect such distortions and correct for them, effectively removing the effects of the cloud shadow from the mosaic. In this work, we present a method for identifying areas of cloud shadow within the image mosaic process, using supervised classification methods, and subsequently correcting these areas via several image matching and color correction techniques. Although the available data contained many extreme circumstances, we show that, in general, our decision to use LIDAR reflectance images to correctly classify cloud and not cloud pixels has been very successful, and is the fundamental basis for any color correction used to remove the cloud shadows. We also implement and discuss several color transformation methods which are used to correct the cloud shadow covered pixels, with the goal of producing a mosaic image which is free from cloud shadow effects.
Environmental Professional’s Perception of the Usefulness of Knowledge and Awareness of Climate Change

Climate change is at the forefront of discourse in the 21st century, which is assuming alarming dimensions year in year out. Climate change specialists have repeatedly pointed out that a solution to climate change problem will require climate change awareness and its proper understanding. This requires the concerted effort of climate change extension agents who will ensure that the necessary attitudinal change required for positive climate change behaviour is achieved. In spite of the attention climate change has attracted lately and the attendant general debate, the relevance of environmental professionals in mitigating climate change and in climate change extension remains comparatively unexplored issue especially in the realm of policy making. The study assessed environmental professional’s perception on the usefulness of awareness and knowledge of climate change. One hundred and ten environmental professionals were selected. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Knowledge and awareness of climate change is potentially helpful to the environmental professionals personally and in climate change extension. Gender did not significantly determine opinion on the usefulness of knowledge and awareness of climate change. Climate change education should be delivered along lifelong learning approach. Environmental professionals should be exposed to regular in-service and on the job training on climate change issues. They should be adequately groomed in andragogical skills. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2013. v4n3p61