Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensorless Control Strategy of Novel Axially Magnetized Vernier Permanent-Magnet Machine

Vernier permanent-magnet machines have been attracted more and more attention because of their high torque density. In this paper, the sensorless control strategy of the novel axially magnetized Vernier permanent-magnet (AMVPM) machine is presented. First, the inductance non-linearity is investigated under different load conditions. Second, the mathematical model is established in cooperation with the finite element method. After that, the back electromotive force based sensorless control strategy is developed according to the state equation of the motor. In the sensorless drive, the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) technique incorporated with the inductance non-linearity is used for the speed estimation. The modified control strategy not only increases the stability but also improves the dynamic response of the system. Finally, the simulation results show that the modified MRAS is of high estimation precision, and the AMVPM machine can be well controlled, and the experimental results validated the theoretical design process.
Long Non-Coding RNA and mRNA Profiles in the Spinal Cord of Rats with Resiniferatoxin-Induced Neuropathic Pain

Purpose The ultrapotent transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist resiniferatoxin (RTX) induces small-fiber sensory neuropathy, which has been widely used model of postherpetic neuralgia to study mechanisms of neuropathic pain and new analgesics. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA expression profiles in spinal dorsal horn tissues of rats six weeks after RTX injection to identify new RNAs related to neuropathic pain. Methods Microarray technology was applied to determine lncRNA expressions in spinal dorsal horn samples of adult rats 6 weeks after treatment with RTX or vehicle. The lncNA/mRNA co-expression network was constructed, and differential expression patterns of lncRNA and mRNA in RTX-treated rats were identified. Differential expressions of lncRNAs and mRNAs between RTX-treated samples and control samples were examined by RT-qPCR. Results Microarray analyses showed that 745 mRNA and 139 lncRNAs were upregulated, whereas 590 mRNA and 140 lncRNAs were downregulated in spinal dorsal horn tissues after RTX exposure. TargetScan was used to predict mRNA targets for these lncRNAs, which showed that the transcripts with multiple predicted target sites were related to neurologically important pathways. In addition, differential expressions of lncRNA (ENSRNOG00000022535, ENSRNOG00000042027, NR_027478, NR_030675) and Apobec3b mRNA in spinal cord tissue samples were validated, which confirmed the microarray data. The association between NR_030675 and Apobec3b levels was confirmed, which may be related to neuropathic pain. Conclusion Our study reveals lncRNA and mRNA of molecule targets that are enriched in the spinal cord dorsal horn and provides new information for further investigation on the mechanisms and therapeutics of neuropathic pain.
Sweep-based Approach to Three-Dimensional Shape Deformation

We present a sweep-based approach to modeling and deformation of three-dimensional objects. We approximate the deformable parts of an object using sweep surfaces. The vertices on the object boundary are bound to the sweep surfaces and then follow their deformation. For practical applications, we apply this approach to 3D human body modeling and deformation, and then extend it to the freeform deformation and to the elastic deformation of three-dimensional objects. For human modeling and deformation, a simple skeleton structure is extracted from user-specified feature points; after that, control sweep surfaces that approximate human arms, legs and torso are automatically generated. The vertices on the model are bound to nearby sweep surfaces and follow the deformation of the sweep surfaces as the model bends and twists its arms, legs, spine and neck. Anatomical features including bone-protrusion, muscle-bulge, and skin-folding are also supported. We then extend the sweep-based approach to the freeform deformation of threedimensional objects. The user selects deformable parts of an object and the corresponding control sweep surfaces are generated by interpolating key cross-sections. The user can deform the shape of an object by controlling the underlying sweep surfaces. Several sweep surfaces of deformable parts can be organized into a hierarchy so that they interact with each other in a controlled manner. The sweep-based freeform deformation technique also provides various important advantages, including volume
A Variable Selection Method for Small Area Estimation Modeling of the Proficiency of Adult Competency

In statistical modeling, it is crucial to have consistent variables that are the most relevant to the outcome variable(s) of interest in the model. With the increasing richness of data from multiple sources, the size of the pool of potential variables is escalating. Some variables, however, could provide redundant information, add noise to the estimation, or waste the degrees of freedom in the model. Therefore, variable selection is needed as a parsimonious process that aims to identify a minimal set of covariates for maximum predictive power. This study illustrated the variable selection methods considered and used in the small area estimation (SAE) modeling of measures related to the proficiency of adult competency that were constructed using survey data collected in the first cycle of the PIAAC. The developed variable selection process consisted of two phases: phase 1 identified a small set of variables that were consistently highly correlated with the outcomes through methods such as correlation matrix and multivariate LASSO analysis; phase 2 utilized a k-fold cross-validation process to select a final set of variables to be used in the final SAE models.
On certain character sums

where x(f(x)) = (f(x)\p), have been studied. The connection of $2(Q) and \p¡(Q) with the representations p = a2+b2 (a = l (mod 4)) and p = s2 + 3t2 (s=l(mod 3)) of an odd prime p was established by Jacobsthal [4] and von Schrutka [6], It follows from the results of Jacobsthal that $2(1) has the value —2a or 0 according as p = a2+b2 or p9ia2 + b2, and from the results of von Schrutka that ^3(1) has the value — 2s or 0 according as p = s2 + 3t2 or p9is2 + 3t2. (An elegant development of these particular results is given in [3].) If p = 8k + l=c2 + 2d2 (c=(-l)*+l(mod 4)), Whiteman [7] has shown that i>4( 1) = 4c. However, if p = 8k + 3 = c2 + 2d2, $4( 1 ) = 0. We shall establish a theorem for primes of the form c2 + 2d2 entirely similar to the results of Jacobsthal and von Schrutka mentioned above, and indicate some results obtained for primes of the form u2 + 5v2. If p is a prime of the form a24-62 (6 even) and Q is a quadratic nonresidue of p, Jacobsthal showed that &2(Q)= ±26, but was unable to remove the ambiguity in sign for any specific choice of the nonresidue Q. E. Lehmer [5] has determined the sign of $2(2) if p is a prime of the form 8« 4-5. We shall determine the sign of 4>2( —3) if p is of the form 12«4-5, and for these same primes, obtain a congruence defining 6 similar to one given by Stern for primes of the form 8«4-5. 2. Three lemmas. If GF(pm) denotes the finite field of pm elements (p prime), then the following lemma is evident.
Bi and Sn Doping Improved the Structural, Optical and Photovoltaic Properties of MAPbI3-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

One of the most amazing photovoltaic technologies for the future is the organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cell, which exhibits excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) and can be produced using a straightforward solution technique. Toxic lead in perovskite can be replaced by non-toxic alkaline earth metal cations because they keep the charge balance in the material and some of them match the Goldschmidt rule’s tolerance factor. Therefore, thin films of MAPbI3, 1% Bi and 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% Sn co-doped MAPbI3 were deposited on FTO-glass substrates by sol-gel spin-coating technique. XRD confirmed the co-doping of Bi–Sn in MAPbI3. The 1% Bi and 1% Sn co-doped film had a large grain size. The optical properties were calculated by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The 1% Bi and 1% Sn co-doped film had small Eg, which make it a good material for perovskite solar cells. These films were made into perovskite solar cells. The pure MAPbI3 film-based solar cell had a current density (Jsc) of 9.71 MA-cm−2, its open-circuit voltage (Voc) was 1.18 V, its fill factor (FF) was 0.609 and its efficiency (η) was 6.98%. All of these parameters were improved by the co-doping of Bi–Sn. The cell made from a co-doped MAPbI3 film with 1% Bi and 1% Sn had a high efficiency (10.03%).
Representing RCC relations in temporal logic

In this article we attempt to represent a spatial logic with a temporal logic in such a way that the spatial relations and the temporal relations can be used like a spatio-temporal logic. The spatial logic we try to represent is the Region Connection Calculus (RCC). The temporal logics we will discuss are Linear-time Temporal Logic (LTL), Computation Tree Logic (CTL) and Alternating-time Temporal Logic (ATL). We also discuss the available model checkers for these temporal logics and give an example of the use of the spatio-temporal logic. We conclude that LTL can only represent some RCC relations. CTL can represent all RCC relations but temporal reasoning isn’t possible anymore. ATL can represent all RCC relations and temporal reasoning is still possible.
COMPUTING AMBIGUITY IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS WITH FUZZY LOGIC

This paper proposes a modelization of complex social systems based on the integration of two computational methodologies: fuzzy logic and agent-based modelling. In particular, the objective of this work is to present a methodology to take into account the ambiguity of verbal interactions in learning processes. To this aim, we revise and fuzzify a classical computational model developed by March in 1991 describing how learning processes develop within organizations. We introduce fuzziness in the model in two ways: first, we propose a representation of the judgments of individuals involved in the learning process based on fuzzy sets theory, second, individual preferences are aggregated through fuzzy linguistic connectives. The results obtained through simulations show that learning processes based on verbal interactions make the organization able to better absorb the shocks produced by environmental turbulence.
Induced Gravity Cosmological Model with Non-positively Defined Higgs Potential

We study dynamics of a scalar field with the non-positively defined Higgs potential non-minimally coupled to gravity. In this model the inflationary stage of the Universe evolution could change into the quasi-cyclic stage of the Universe evolution with oscillation behaviour of the Hubble parameter from positive to negative values. Depending on the initial conditions the Hubble parameter can perform either one or several cycles its evolution.
Three-dimensional cardiac organoid formation accelerates the functional maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes

Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) offer a promising source for heart regeneration, disease modeling, and drug screening. Recent developments in organoid technology have made it possible to study how hiPSC-derived CMs interact together, and this culture system mimics the tissue environment and behavior of the cardiac cells in our body. However, the similarities and differences between conventional 2-dimensional (2D) culture and 3-dimensional (3D) organoid culture systems for CM differentiation have been incompletely elucidated. To study how the individual microenvironment formed by each culture system affects the properties of CMs differentiated from hiPSCs, we conducted a comparative study between 2D monolayer and direct 3D cardiac organoid (hiCO) differentiation from hiPSCs throughout the sequential differentiation stages. Although identical differentiation cues were applied to hiPSCs, the 3D differentiation system strongly exhibited higher mesoderm commitment and cardiac induction than 2D monolayer differentiation. In the late stage of differentiation, the 3D hiCOs showed a higher frequency of a mature myofibrillar isoform switching in sarcomere structure of differentiated CMs than was observed in monolayer culture, although over 94% of cardiac troponin T-positive cells resulted at the end point of differentiation in both systems. Furthermore, the accelerated structural maturation in 3D hiCOs resulted in increased expression of cardiac-specific ion channel genes and Ca2+ transient properties, with a high signal amplitude and rapid contractility. The present study provides details surrounding the 2D and 3D culture methods for CM differentiation from iPSCs, and focuses on 3D cell culture as an improved strategy for approaching and applying cardiac maturation.
A Second Life for MAP, a Model Amphipathic Peptide

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) have been shown to be efficient in the transport of cargoes into the cells, namely siRNA and DNA, proteins and peptides, and in some cases, small therapeutics. These peptides have emerged as a solution to increase drug concentrations in different tissues and various cell types, therefore having a relevant therapeutic relevance which led to clinical trials. One of them, MAP, is a model amphipathic peptide with an α-helical conformation and both hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues in opposite sides of the helix. It is composed of a mixture of alanines, leucines, and lysines (KLALKLALKALKAALKLA). The CPP MAP has the ability to translocate oligonucleotides, peptides and small proteins. However, taking advantage of its unique properties, in recent years innovative concepts were developed, such as in silico studies of modelling with receptors, coupling and repurposing drugs in the central nervous system and oncology, or involving the construction of dual-drug delivery systems using nanoparticles. In addition to designs of MAP-linked vehicles and strategies to achieve highly effective yet less toxic chemotherapy, this review will be focused on unique molecular structure and how it determines its cellular activity, and also intends to address the most recent and frankly motivating issues for the future.
Salivary Biomarker Profiles and Chronic Fatigue among Nurses Working Rotation Shifts: An Exploratory Pilot Study

Although nurses’ fatigue affects their well-being and patient safety, no effective objective measurements exist. We explored the profiles of salivary biomarkers associated with nurses’ chronic fatigue across several shifts. This longitudinal study involved 45 shiftwork nurses and collected their saliva samples before two night and two day shifts for a month. Chronic fatigue was measured using the Cumulative Fatigue Symptom Index before the first night shift. Biomarker profiles were analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis, and chronic fatigue levels were compared between the profiles. Cortisol profiles were classified into high- and low-level groups across two day shifts; the low-level group presented significantly higher irritability and unwillingness to work. Secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) profiles across the four shifts were classified into high- and low-level groups; the high-level group had significantly higher depressive feelings, decreased vitality, irritability, and unwillingness to work. Cortisol (two day shifts) and s-IgA (four shifts) profiles were combined, and (i) cortisol low-level and s-IgA high-level and (ii) cortisol high-level and s-IgA low-level groups were identified. The former group had significantly higher chronic fatigue sign and irritability than the latter group. The profiles of salivary cortisol and s-IgA across several shifts were associated with nurses’ chronic fatigue.
A new look at fuzzy-logic inference

The modus ponens, the inference primitive, and many more complex inferences, are not, as logic operations, reducible to expressions involving logic functions exclusively. Some of the consequences of this observation are considered for inference in fuzzy logic. The author constructs a fuzzy modus ponens and other rules of inference which include modus tollens and reductio ad absurdum. These in turn are based on a choice for the operation of implication which preserves the symmetry implicit in its definition. Extensions including conditional quantification, cut rules, and fuzzy mathematical induction are sketched. As an example, a fuzzy-logic treatment of the Yale shooting problem is discussed. The results suggest that the implicit processes of inference can be affected in fuzzy logic if, as in classical logic, one ventures outside the scope of (fuzzy) logic operations. <<ETX>>
Dirty Turtles: Examining the Effects of Persistent Pollutants on Embryonic Turtle Development

Background: In an anthropogenically-altered world, it is common to find pollutants such as plastics, pesticides, fertilizers, and heavy metals in waterways and soil. Many plastics, such as BPAs; organic chemicals that can absorb plastics, such as PCBs; and pesticides, such as atrazine, are known to be endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Many EDCs act as xenoestrogens and can affect the sexual development of numerous organisms, from mammals, such as humans; to reptiles, such as turtles. Turtles are long-living organisms that often have an omnivorous diet and demonstrate site fidelity, thus they are useful subjects in which to study the effect of EDCs on organismal development. Methods: In this study, the effects of plastics, pesticides, flame retardants, and heavy metals on developing turtle embryos were examined across a variety of both freshwater and marine turtles. A search of existing relevant literature was carried out in November of 2016 using the database Web Of Science and Google Scholar by looking for the keywords “turtles” AND “sex-reversal” AND “endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs)”, with no restrictions used on the years in which these studies were published. Web of Science returned 42 articles and Google scholar returned 3870 articles. Of these, 13 studies were deemed relevant and examined, encompassing 35 cases, and consisting of data from eight different species of turtles. Summary: It was found that plastics and PCBs, even in low doses, had the greatest effects on sex reversal across turtle species, and could affect their behavior later in life as well. Pesticides showed an ability to alter the sex of the turtle, and also caused developmental defects. Flame-retardants and heavy metals were shown to be maternally transferred to offspring, but studies did not find obvious cases of sex reversal or developmental defects at low doses. Many turtle species are endangered, and thus understanding threats to their health and development is critical to their future survival.
A unifying framework for the definition of syntactic measures over conceptual schema diagrams (extended version)

There are many approaches that propose the use of measures for assessing the quality of conceptual schemas. Many of these measures focus purely on the syntactic aspects of the conceptual schema diagrams, e.g. their size, their shape, etc. Similarities among different measures may be found both at the intra-model level (i.e., several measures over the same type of diagram are defined following the same layout) and at the inter-model level (i.e., measures over different types of diagrams are similar considering an appropriate metaschema correspondence). In this paper we analyse these similarities for a particular family of diagrams used in conceptual modelling, those that can be ultimately seen as a combination of nodes and edges of different types. We propose a unifying measuring framework for this family and illustrate its application on a particular type, namely business process diagrams.
Solar and Stellar Activity Cycles: The two-dimensional representation of the extended activity cycle

1. Introduction 2. Historical survey 3. The structure of the Sun and the phenomena of activity 4. The equations of magnetohydrodynamics and magnetostatics 5. The one-dimensional configuration of the cycle 6. Heuristic models of the solar cycle 7. Stellar activity and activity cycles 8. The two-dimensional representation of the extended activity cycle 9. The origin of the large-scale fields 10. The reversals of the polar magnetic fields 11. The role of dynamo theory in cyclic activity 12. Helioseismology and the solar cycle 13. Chaos and the cycle 14. Forecasting the cycle 15. Summary and conclusion.
On The Error of Kronecker Structure Based MIMO Channel Model

Herein, we investigate the mismatch of the Kronecker structure based MIMO channel model. Finding the minimum mismatch is trivial and the result is always 0. The maximization problem, on the other hand, is not convex in general. Therefore we combine semidefinite programming with a grid search, to find a lower bound of the maximum mismatch. Numerical examples show that the bound is tight even for moderate number of points in the grid. The resulting worst case model error, is much larger than the model error previously observed in measurement campaigns, which confirms that the channel correlation matrix can, indeed, be well approximated by the Kronecker product of the correlation matrices at the transmitter and receiver for the measured NLOS indoor scenarios.
Mining Assignment Submission Time to Detect At-Risk Students with Peer Information

Doing assignments is a very important part of learning. Students’ assignment submission time provides valuable information on study attitudes and habits which strongly correlate with academic performance. However, the number of assignments and their submission deadlines vary among university courses, making it hard to use assignment submission time as a feature to predict academic performance. In this paper, we propose a new method called Relative Assignment Submission Time (RAST) which uses the assignment submission information of peer students to improve the correlation with course grades. Experiments on real-life data of 20 courses show that RAST has a high correlation with students’ academic performance. We also build a machine learning model using RAST as a feature to detect students who would suffer from poor grades. Our method outperforms the traditional method by up to 61% on f1-score. We believe that our proposed method can help other studies on assignment submission time to improve the prediction accuracy on academic performance and detecting at-risk students.
Risk-Sensitive Optimal Control

Part 1 LQG theory summarized: LQG structure, certainty equivalence the Markov case - control rules the Markov case - state estimation the complete dualization of past and future. Part 2 Risk sensitivity, the LEQG formulation: the risk-sensitive certainty-equivalence principle the Markov case - future stress and control the Markov case - past stress and estimation the infinite horizon - limits, break-down points and policy improvement. Part 3 The path-integral (Hamiltonian) approach: path-integral methods, the formalism the Markov case - recursions and factorizations higher-order models - the general path-integral formalism canonical factorization in the control context the recoupling of past future continuous time - the path-integral formalism continuous time - control optimization. Part 4 Connections and variations: the relationship of the LEQG criterion to H and entropy criteria variants.