Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Independent travelling decision-making on B&B selection: exploratory analysis of Chinese travellers to Taiwan

Independent travellers who have a greater need for novelty display a preference for staying at bed and breakfast (B&B) establishments. However, few studies have explored B&Bs from the perspective of independent travellers, resulting in a lack of understanding of their B&B needs and how they choose. This study addresses this gap by exploring B&B selection factors for independent travellers. Data were collected from 30 in-depth interviews and 345 questionnaires with Chinese independent travellers visiting Taiwan. The findings explored five factors including friendly service, localization and safety, environmental convenience, ecological conservation and experiential activity. Two market segments were also identified, each with significantly different B&B need characteristics. Appropriate strategies were discussed to reconcile B&B services within each segment.
Marine 3D Geometry Design for Optimum Acquisition System Response

Recent developments in marine acquisition technology have resulted in a progressive increase in 3D subsurface coverage per sail line by increasing the number of towed streamers, often using multiple vessels. The design of, multistreamer 3D surveys has consequently become more complex due to the need to consider aspects of the acquisition system response relating to increased lateral separation between the sources and receivers [1,2].
Initial effects of streambank stabilization on a small trout stream

In a 1.4-km study area of Deep Creek, Montana, during spring 1988, the badly eroded outer (current-bearing) banks of six stream bends were revetted with rock (riprap), six similar banks were revetted with juniper trees, and six such banks were left untreated as controls. Before and after treatment, physical variables of the stream were measured and the trout population was inventoried. Hiding cover for trout changed significantly 8 months after treatment: a mean increase of 195% in bends revetted with trees and a mean decrease of 36% in riprapped and control bends. In that period, no significant changes had developed in amount of pool habitat, in channel width, or in water depth. Stock densities and standing crops of brown and rainbow trout >20 cm long decreased throughout the study area due to drought and irrigation dewatering, but abundance of trout <10 cm long recovered to pre-treatment levels by October 1988 in tree-revetted and control bends. Stock densities of trout decreased significantly in riprapped bends between March and June 1988. There were no significant differences in abundance of trout between the two treatments or the treatment and control bends during March, June, and October 1988. Extreme low flow affected trout populations more than the habitat manipulations. The main source of streambank erosion observed was mass wasting fracture caused by attached ice shelves during spring thaw. Riprap and tree revetment provided structural integrity and greatly reduced such erosion. Stabilizing streambanks with tree revetments has advantages over riprap because it immediately increases hiding/security cover for trout, traps sediment which serves as soil for natural reestablishment of live vegetation, and eventually decomposes allowing restoration of more natural and functional streambanks. INITIAL EFFECTS OF STREAMBANK STABILIZATION ON A SMALL TROUT STREAM by Walter Virgil McClure A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Fish and Wildlife Management MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana May 1991
Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK)-Rearranged Lung Cancer That Showed Exclusively Scattered Isolated Cells Devoid of Mucin Production in Cytology

We present a rare case of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK)-rearranged lung cancer characterized by isolated scattered mucin-free cancer cells forming no clusters in the cytology of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) samples from a paratracheal lymph node. A female patient in her late 40s underwent chest and abdominal CT scan, revealing a 6 cm diameter tumor in the upper lobe of the left lung along with enlargement of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes, bilateral pleural effusion, and an additional 5.5 cm diameter tumor in the right greater psoas muscle. EBUS-TBNA was performed to obtain samples for cytological and histological examination. Cytology showed exclusively solitary cancer cells that were negative for Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) and Alcian blue staining, without clusters. Immunohistochemical analysis of cell block and histology specimens demonstrated positive expression of TTF-1, ALK, and vimentin, while E-cadherin expression was absent. Genetic analysis of samples obtained by EBUS-TBNA confirmed the presence of EML4-ALK fusion. The tumor in the right greater psoas muscle was identified as a metastatic tumor from the lung tumor based on ALK-positivity and the EML4-ALK fusion. The absence of E-cadherin expression and the presence of vimentin expression suggest that this ALK-rearranged lung cancer may have undergone epithelial-mesenchymal transition, resulting in the loss of cellular adhesiveness.
Phytoplankton pigment distribution in relation to upper thermocline circulation in the eastern Mediterranean Sea during winter

Using a sampling grid of 67 stations, the influence of basin-wide and subbasin-scale circulation features on phytoplankton community composition and primary and new productions was investigated in the eastern Mediterranean during winter. Taxonomic pigments were used as size class markers of phototroph groups (picophytoplankton, nanophytoplankton and microphytoplankton). Primary production rates were computed using a light photosynthesis model that makes use of the total chlorophyll a (Tchl a) concentration profile as an input variable. New production was estimated as the product of primary production by a pigment-based proxy of the ƒ ratio (new production/total production). For the whole eastern Mediterranean, Tchl a concentration was 20.4 mg m−2, and estimated primary and new production were 0.27 and 0.04 g C m−2 d−1, respectively, when integrated between the surface and the depth of the productive zone (1.5 times the euphotic layer). Nanophytoplankton and picophytoplankton (determined from the pigment-derived criteria) were the dominant size classes and contributed to 60 and 27%, respectively, of Tchl a, while microphytoplankton contributed only to 13%. Subbasin and, to a certain extent, mesoscale structures (cyclonic and anticyclonic gyres) were exceptions to this general trend. Anticyclonic gyres were characterized by low Tchl a concentrations (18.8±4.2 mg m−2, with the lowest value being 12.4 mg m−2) and the highest picophytoplankton contribution (40% of Tchl a). In contrast, cyclonic gyres contained the highest Tchl a concentration (40.3±15.3 mg m−2) with the highest microphytoplankton contribution (up to 26% of Tchl a). Observations conducted at a mesoscale in the Rhode gyre (cyclonic) region show that the core of the gyre is dominated by microphytoplankton (mainly diatoms), while adjacent areas are characterized by high chlorophyll concentration dominated by picophytoplankton and nanophytoplankton. We estimate that the Rhodes gyre is a zone of enhanced new production, which is 9 times higher than that in adjacent oligotrophic areas of the Levantine basin. Our results confirm the predominance of oligotrophic conditions in the eastern Mediterranean and emphasize the role of subbasin and mesoscale dynamics in driving phytoplankton biomass and composition and, finally, biogeochemical cycling in this area.
One‐Step Generation of Energy‐Time‐Polarization‐Hyper‐Entangled W‐Class Triphotons: Nonlinear and Linear Optical Responses

Nonclassical multiphoton have attracted extensive attention to serve as entangled resources for quantum information technology. Here, the continuous‐mode hyper‐entangled W‐class triphotons are theoretically generated through spontaneous six‐wave mixing (SSWM) in 85Rb. In nonlinear optical response, Zeeman sub‐states are high‐dimensionally quantized by polarized dressing. High‐dimensional entanglement is structured via atomic non‐Hermitian nature. Through linear optical response, the temporal correlations are shaped via diverse polarized dressing. SSWM‐based triphoton is a genuine triphoton possessing non‐Gaussian tripartite entanglement. The high production rate is due to co‐action of three strong input fields, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) protection, and slow light effect. Non‐Hermitian nature endows the system with sensitive adjustability around exceptional points (EP). Eventually, the results demonstrate multiple SSWMs causing oscillations with multiple periods in three‐photon temporal correlations for the nonlinear region, build a high‐dimensional three‐body entangled quantum network and transform multifarious profiles of the three‐photon temporal correlations for the linear region. Especially, both high‐dimensional and hyper entanglements are obtained, contributing to high quantum information capacity. Further, the system is switched among multiple states when non‐Hermitian nature is manipulated by polarized dressing. The research opens a broad prospect for generating the hyper‐entangled multiphoton with potential application in adjustable quantum networks of high information capacity.
Comparison of LSTM and GRU Models for Forex Prediction

Trading foreign currencies worth trillions of dollars takes place daily in the forex market, characterized by highly volatile movements. The forex market operates on bid and ask prices, with exchange rates determined by the principles of supply and demand. Trading involves currency pairs like EUR/USD, where the value of the Euro is compared to the US Dollar, serving as a basis for analyzing price fluctuations. Due to the volatile nature of forex, market participants must make informed decisions when buying and selling, as improper choices can result in financial losses. One approach to mitigating risk in forex trading decisions is through the use of forecasting techniques. This research study employs LSTM and GRU methods to predict forex trends, which are evaluated using various dataset divisions. The most accurate results are obtained using a dataset of 4979, split into three equal parts: 80% for training, 10% for validation, and 10% for testing. This approach yields an RMSE value of 0.054, MAPE of 0.037, and R-square of 97%
Teams in the Digital Workplace: Technology’s Role for Communication, Collaboration, and Performance

This paper addresses the need for theoretical advancements in understanding team processes and the impact of technology on teams. Specifically, it examines the use of digital collaboration technologies by organizational teams and their effect on team communication and collaboration. Using the concept of affordances as a theoretical lens, the paper explores the potential relationships between technology affordances and essential team processes. It also provides an agenda for future research on social technologies and teams as well as novel methodological approaches for better understanding the ways in which digital technologies are affecting team processes and performance in the workplace.
Predicting attachment efficiency of colloid deposition under unfavorable attachment conditions

This study presents an a priori model for predicting attachment efficiency of colloid deposition in porous media under unfavorable conditions. The model takes into account coupled effects of diffusion and hydrodynamic forces on colloid attachment efficiency that result from both primary and secondary minimum deposition. Effect of diffusion was quantified using the Maxwell approach, and influence of hydrodynamic drag was determined by comparing adhesive and hydrodynamic torques that act on the attached colloids. Main findings from this study include (1) the attachment efficiency does not change with increase of flow velocity until it reaches a critical value at which the attachment efficiency decreases as flow velocity further increases and (2) the attachment efficiency increases with increasing collector diameter when the condition that adhesive torque is greater than hydrodynamic torque is not guaranteed over the entire collector surface. Whereas the classic filtration theory only takes into account the effects of system hydrodynamics on single collector contact efficiency, we show additionally their effects on attachment efficiency. Furthermore, results of this study imply that in addition to the important role that collector size plays in the straining process, which has been the focus of many recent studies, it also influences the attachment process thus must be considered when describing colloid retention and transport in porous media under unfavorable attachment conditions.
Measuring rates of gross photosynthesis and net community production in cryoconite holes: a comparison of field methods

Abstract Photosynthesis by microbes on the surfaces of glaciers and ice sheets has the potential to fix carbon, alter the albedo of ice surfaces via the production of organic matter and so enhance ice melt. It could also be important for supplying labile organic matter and nutrients to in situ and downstream ecosystems. This study compares in situ 24 hour incubation methods for measuring rates of gross photosynthesis, respiration and net community production (NCP) in cryoconite holes on three Svalbard valley glaciers. Rates of gross photosynthesis and respiration measured by the ΔCO2 method were closely balanced, resulting in rates of NCP close to the detection limit (mean of –1.3 μg C g−1 d–1) consistent with previous measurements in Arctic cryoconite holes. This suggests that organic matter within cryoconite holes may be derived largely from allochthonous sources. The molar ratio of ΔO2 to ΔCO2 in incubations gave mean respiratory and photosynthetic quotients of 0.80 ± 0.17 (1 × SD) and 1.24 ± 0.20 (1 × SD), respectively. The 14C method typically underestimated rates of gross photosynthesis (ΔCO2 method) by more than one order of magnitude and measured a rate closer to NCP.
Effects of Non-Invasive Neuromodulation of the Vagus Nerve for the Management of Cluster Headache: A Systematic Review

Background: Cluster headache (CH) is a type of headache that has a global prevalence of 0.5–3/1000 people, provokes severe, strictly unilateral pain through the first branch of the trigeminal nerve, and is associated with observable autonomous responses. CH provokes intense pain and decreases quality of life. Objective: In this study, we aimed to carry out a systematic review of the effectiveness of non-invasive neuromodulation of the vagus nerve in patients with cluster headaches, which was registered on PROSPERO No. CRD42021265126. Methods: Six databases were used from their date of inception to February 2023 to obtain studies with the group intervention of non-invasive neuromodulation of the vagus nerve for cluster headache, with outcomes based on pain attacks, duration, and disabilities. Data on the subjects, group intervention, main outcomes, and results were collected by two authors. Results: The search provided 1003 articles, with three clinical trials being eligible for inclusion in the review. The methodological quality scores ranged from 6 to 8 points (mean: 7.3, SD: 0.8) out of a maximum of 10 points. The post-treatment results showed some positive effects using n-VNS as a treatment for cluster headache, more specifically regarding cervical neuromodulation of the vagus nerve. Conclusions: The systematic review found moderate-to-high-quality evidence supporting that n-VNS and cervical n-VNS may have some positive effects at the end of the treatment being effective to relieve the frequency and intensity of cluster headaches. The poor quantity of studies available and the lack of homogeneity in the study protocols did not allow the pooling of data for a meta-analysis.
Leveraging Machine Learning for Road Accident Analysis

Road accidents result in high human and economic costs globally. This paper examines how advanced machine learning techniques can support enhanced analysis of road accident data to uncover patterns and insights to guide traffic safety interventions. Novel machine learning methods proposed include hybrid neural network architectures optimized using nature-inspired algorithms and interpretable rule-based tree ensemble techniques. Our investigation commences with the training and evaluation of each model on a diverse dataset comprising various road-related features. The performance metrics, including accuracy predictive capabilities. The results reveal nuanced strengths and weaknesses in each approach.
Real-Time Classification of Motor Imagery Using Dynamic Window-Level Granger Causality Analysis of fMRI Data

This article presents a method for extracting neural signal features to identify the imagination of left- and right-hand grasping movements. A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment is employed to identify four brain regions with significant activations during motor imagery (MI) and the effective connections between these regions of interest (ROIs) were calculated using Dynamic Window-level Granger Causality (DWGC). Then, a real-time fMRI (rt-fMRI) classification system for left- and right-hand MI is developed using the Open-NFT platform. We conducted data acquisition and processing on three subjects, and all of whom were recruited from a local college. As a result, the maximum accuracy of using Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier on real-time three-class classification (rest, left hand, and right hand) with effective connections is 69.3%. And it is 3% higher than that of traditional multivoxel pattern classification analysis on average. Moreover, it significantly improves classification accuracy during the initial stage of MI tasks while reducing the latency effects in real-time decoding. The study suggests that the effective connections obtained through the DWGC method serve as valuable features for real-time decoding of MI using fMRI. Moreover, they exhibit higher sensitivity to changes in brain states. This research offers theoretical support and technical guidance for extracting neural signal features in the context of fMRI-based studies.
Using basement-hosted clastic dykes as syn-rifting palaeostress indicators: an example from the basal Stoer Group, northwest Scotland

Clastic infills of fractures (here termed clastic veins) in basement rocks immediately underlying sedimentary cover sequences can be used to date fault movements if these demonstrably occurred at the time of infilling or prior to the lithification of the entrained clastic material. This allows reconstruction of the syn-rifting palaeostress system using stress inversion techniques. During Riphean intracontinential rifting of Laurentia, the Torridonian Stoer Group sediments of northwest Scotland were deposited in half-graben basins controlled by faults, e.g. the Coigach and Clachtoll faults. At Clachtoll, northeast–southwest oblique sinistral normal faulting in the underlying basement is associated with extensive development of shear, hybrid and tensile clastic veins filled with Stoer Group sediment, infilled and deformed prior to sediment lithification. Clastic veins initially formed by gravitational infilling of sediment from above, followed by tectonically-driven, forceful hydraulic injection of fluidized sand into new fractures and reactivated pre-existing basement faults. Palaeostress axes, determined from fault lineation data and tensile fracture extension directions in the Clachtoll Fault zone, indicate west-northwest–east-southeast directed extension during rifting. On a regional scale, this implies oblique-dextral extension on the north- to north-northeast-trending Coigach Fault during Stoer Group deposition. Similar orientations, age relationships and kinematics have been obtained from pre-Torridon Group fault arrays developed in the Lewisian basement near Gairloch and Loch Maree. Overall, the faulting patterns reflect a three-dimensional strain (k≠1) formed by east-southeast–west-northwest-directed extension during deposition of the Stoer Group. More speculatitively, asymmetric density patterns of sinistral and dextral faults may indicate that rifting occurred in a regional zone of broadly north–south-oriented dextral transtension.
A High-Gain, Wideband, Circularly Polarized Antenna With Multibeam Radiation for Millimeter-Wave Applications

This article proposes a wideband differential fed circularly polarized (CP) antenna [48% overlapped bandwidth, which is the minimum value of axial ratio (AR) bandwidth, gain bandwidth, and impedance matching bandwidth] with multiple beams radiation across V- and W-band enabled by a parabolic reflector, a long-slot radiator, and a wideband 3-D printed polarizer. The long-slot structure is an array consists with substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)-based open-slot elements (the vias besides a conventional SIW slot are moved to form an open slot), which yields wideband characteristics when compared with traditional slot array. Cooperating with wideband parabolic reflector and modified 3-D printed polarizer, it finally achieves 48% CP bandwidth. Finally, by setting multiple ports on the feeding network, multibeam radiation can be achieved. For validation, a multibeam CP antenna operating from 58 to 94.5 GHz with 20.5-dBic peak gain level and three radiation beams is fabricated and measured. Based on the authors’ extensive research, the proposed antenna yields a superior bandwidth when compared with recently reported millimeter-wave (mm-wave) long-slot structures and high-gain CP antennas.
Biomarkers for intervertebral disc and associated back pain: From diagnosis to disease prognosis and personalized treatment

Biomarkers are commonly recognized as objective indicators of a medical state or clinical outcome and have been widely used as clinical and diagnostic tools and surrogate endpoints in many pathological conditions. In the context of intervertebral disc (IVD) and associated back pain, also known as degenerative disc disease (DDD), the use of biomarkers has been poorly explored. DDD is currently diagnosed using imaging techniques and subjective pain scales, limiting an objective association between DDD and pain levels, as well as an evaluation of disease progression. There is a need for objective and reliable measurements for DDD, pain and pathology progression. DDD predictors could also help clinicians in deciding on the optimal treatment for distinct patient groups. This review addresses the current candidate biomarkers in DDD, including imaging, genetic, metabolite and protein‐based parameters, both at the tissue and systemic levels, that may become a major advance in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease, as well as in the management of therapeutic approaches to DDD.