Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of the Leaves Extract of Nymphaea Lotus

:- Nymphaea lotus , Commonly known as white water lily (English) or Bado (Hausa), belongs to the family Nymphaea-ceace. It is used in traditional medicine as an aphrodisiac, anodyne, astringent, cardiotonic, sedative, demulcent, analgesic and as anti-inflammatory agents. The present study, therefore is aimed at evaluating the chemical components of the plant as well as the antioxidant properties of its ethanolic, ethylacetate, chloroformic, petroleum ether and water extracts. The fresh leaves of Nymphaea lotus was collected from Bauchi LGA, Bauchi State and authenticated in the Department of Biological Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi. The fine powdered sample (200g) was macerized until crude extracts was obtained. This was then concentrated in a rotary evaporator at 40 ° C to give a crude ethanol fraction (CF). Extraction yield was also determined (13.2 % recovery). Partition of the crude ethanol fractor was performed further with slight modifications. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the plants extracts was performed using standard procedures. The results showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins, terpenes and steroids. The presence of one secondary metabolite in one solvent extract and the absence in another solvent extract might be due to difference in solvent polarity which agrees with the rule of thumb ‘like dissolves like’. The antioxidants activity of the samples was determined using Reducing Power Assay. The reduction power of ethanol , petroleum ether , chloroform , ethyl acetate , and aqueous extracts of Nymphaea lotus leaf were expressed based on IC 50 values and the result range from 86.60 ± 0.05 µg/cm 3 (IP = 11.57 ± 0.05) to 248.92 ± 0.43 µg/cm 3 (IP = 4.77 ± 0.55). Ethyl acetate extract has the lowest value of IC 50 (86.60 ± 0.05 at 20 µg/cm 3 ) while petroleum ether has the highest value of IC 50. (248.92 ± 0.43µg/cm 3 . The lower the value of IC 50 (higher IP ), the better the antioxidant activity. The result showed that ethyl acetate has the highest antioxidant activity (lower value of IC 50 ) followed by aqueous extracts and ethanol extract as the lowest. Although, ethyl acetate has the lowest polarity index, it has higher molecular weight compared to ethanol and water. It has been noted that the higher the molecular weight of the solvent the lower the polarity which allows other substances of about the same molecular weight to be easily extracted. However the activity of the extracts was found to be less when compared to the standard (ascorbic acid). IC 50 value for standard was found to be 34.62 ± 9.39 µg/cm 3 at 20 µg/cm 3 .
Cholera Toxin Th2 Responses to Oral Vaccines Given with Predominantly Th1 Responses to Nasal and Use of Intranasal IL-12 to Target

We have investigated the effects of IL-12 and cholera toxin (CT) on the immune response to tetanus toxoid (TT) given by intranasal or oral routes. CT inhibited IL-12-induced IFN- g secretion both in vivo and in vitro. Intranasal administration of IL-12 to mice nasally immunized with the combined vaccine of TT and CT resulted in increased TT-speciﬁc IgG2a and IgG3 Abs, while IgG1 and IgE Ab responses were markedly reduced. This shift of the CT-induced immune response toward Th1 type was associated with TT-speciﬁc CD4 1 T cells secreting IFN- g and reduced levels of Th2-type cytokines (i.e., IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10). In contrast, intranasal IL-12 enhanced the CT-induced serum IgG1 and IgE Ab responses in mice given the combined vaccine orally. IFN- g secretion by TT-speciﬁc CD4 1 T cells was also enhanced; however, Th2-type cytokine responses were predominant. Mucosal secretory IgA responses to oral or nasal vaccines were not affected by intranasal IL-12. Thus, intranasal IL-12 delivery inﬂuences Th cell subset development in mucosal inductive sites that are dependent on the route of vaccine delivery. The Journal of Immunology, 1999, 162: 114–121. Ab, Hoffmann-LaRoche. Standard curves were generated using mu- rine rIFN- g , rIL-5, rIL-6, and rIL-10 (Genzyme, Cambridge, MA); rIL-2 (PharMingen); rIL-4 (Endogen, Boston, MA); and rIL-12 (Hoffmann-La- Roche). The ELISA used in this study could detect 15 pg/ml of IFN- g 5 pg/ml of IL-2, IL-4, and IL-5; 100 pg/ml of IL-6; 200 pg/ml of IL-10; pg/ml IL-12.
ON STRONGLY REGULAR GRAPHS WITH m 2 = qm 3 AND m 3 = qm 2 FOR q = 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76

: We say that a regular graph G of order n and degree r ≥ 1 (which is not the complete graph) is strongly regular if there exist non-negative integers τ and θ such that | S i ∩ S j | = τ for any two adjacent vertices i and j , and | S i ∩ S j | = θ for any two distinct non-adjacent vertices i and j , where S k denotes the neighborhood of the vertex k . Let λ 1 = r , λ 2 and λ 3 be the distinct eigenvalues of a connected strongly regular graph. Let m 1 = 1, m 2 and m 3 denote the multiplicity of r , λ 2 and λ 3 , respectively. We here describe the parameters n , r , τ and θ for strongly regular graphs with m 2 = qm 3 and m 3 = qm 2 for q = 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 .
Modelling the dependability in Network Function Virtualisation

Network Function Virtualization has been brought up to allow the TSPs to have more possibilities and flexibilities to provision services with better load optimizing, energy utilizing and dynamic scaling. Network functions will be decoupled from the underlying dedicated hardware into software instances that run on commercial off-the-shelf servers. However, the development is still at an early stage and the dependability concerns raise by the virtualization of the network functions are touched on only briefly. Particularly, the evaluation of the NFV-based services’ dependability has never been conducted. Towards this goal, this thesis aims to address the dependability concern of NFV and uses a two-level availability approach to construct a quantitative evaluation about how to assess the availability of an NFVbased service and how NFV elements in the network shall be deployed to provide a more dependable network service. A two-level availability model has been developed based on the various NFV-based network. The first level is focusing on the topology of the network and the connectivity requirements for provisioning an NFVbased service. In the second level, the Stochastic Activity Network (SAN) model of different network elements such as VNF, NFV-MANO and datacenter have been developed to evaluate the availability. Eventually, these two types of models have been merged together to illustrate the overall availability/unavailability of the NFV-based services in different use cases. In the end, analysis and evaluation have been conducted based on the obtained results from the two-level availability model. There are seven different scenarios have been simulated with regard to the deployment of NFV across the network. And the outcome on how the variations of the NFV elements deployment influence the dependability of the NFV-based services will be presented along with some suggestions about the NFV deployment in provisioning an end-to-end service.
Human Progenitor Cells Active Form of Notch Imposes T Cell Fate in

The crucial role of Notch signaling in cell fate decisions in hematopoietic lineage and T lymphocyte development has been well established in mice. Overexpression of the intracellular domain of Notch mediates signal transduction of the protein. By retroviral transduction of this constitutively active truncated intracellular domain in human CD34 (cid:1) umbilical cord blood progenitor cells, we were able to show that, in coculture with the stromal MS-5 cell line, depending on the cytokines added, the differentiation toward CD19 (cid:1) B lymphocytes was blocked, the differentiation toward CD14 (cid:1) monocytes was inhibited, and the differentiation toward CD56 (cid:1) NK cells was favored. The number of CD7 (cid:1) cyCD3 (cid:1) cells, a phenotype similar to T/NK progenitor cells, was also markedly increased. In fetal thymus organ culture, transduced CD34 (cid:1) progenitor cells from umbilical cord blood cells or from thymus consistently generated more TCR- (cid:2)(cid:3) T cells, whereas the other T cell subpopulations were largely unaffected. Interestingly, when injected in vivo in SCID-nonobese diabetic mice, the transduced cells generated ectopically human CD4 (cid:1) CD8 (cid:1) TCR- (cid:4)(cid:5) cells in the bone marrow, cells that are normally only present in the thymus, and lacked B cell differentiation potential. Our results show unequivocally that, in human, Notch signaling inhibits the monocyte and B cell fate, promotes the T cell fate, and alters the normal T cell differentiation pathway compatible with a pretumoral state. The Journal of Immunology, 2002, 169: 3021–3029.
Two cassette transporters involved in ( )-2-aminoethyl-cysteine uptake in 1

22 ( S )-2-aminoethyl-cysteine (AEC). Cosmid libraries were constructed using genomes 23 from two AEC-resistant mutants, AT10 and AT14, and the cosmids that conferred AEC 24 resistance on the wild-type strain were isolated. When the cosmid library for mutant 25 AT14 was screened, two independent cosmids conferring AEC resistance to the wild type 26 were obtained. Two cosmids carried a common genomic region from TTC0795 to 27 TTC0810 . This region contains genes encoding two different ATP-binding cassette 28 (ABC) transporters: one consisting of TTC0806/TTC0795 and the other consisting of 29 TTC0967/TTC0968/TTC0969/TTC0970 using TTC0807 and TTC0966 as the 30 periplasmic substrate-binding protein, respectively. Sequencing revealed that AT14 31 carries mutations in TTC0795 and TTC0969 , causing decreases in the thermostability of 32 the products. By similar screening for cosmids constructed for the mutant AT10, 33 mutations were found at TTC0807 and TTC0969 . Mutation in either of the transporter 34 components gave partial resistance to AEC in the wild-type strain, while mutations of 35 both transporters conferred complete AEC resistance. This result indicates that both 36 transporters are involved in AEC uptake in T. thermophilus . To elucidate the mechanism 37 of AEC uptake, crystal structures of TTC0807 were determined in several 38 substrate-binding forms. The structures revealed that TTC0807 recognizes various basic 39 amino acids by changing the side-chain conformation of Glu19, which interacts with the 40 side-chain amino groups of the substrates. inhibited by AEC with the same sensitivity as that of the wild-type strain. This 70 observation suggests that AEC acts on a target other than HCS to inhibit the growth of T. 71 thermophilus . In this study, we isolated AEC-resistant mutants of T. thermophilus and 72 tried to elucidate the mechanism of the hypersensitivity to AEC of T. thermophilus by 73 identification of the mutated genes, and found that there are two different systems to 74 transport AEC into cells. To elucidate the mechanism of AEC uptake in detail, crystal 75 structures of a periplasmic substrate-binding protein were determined.
pulmonary and thoracic

surgery population in particular, there are a large number of processes that may independently cause postoperative pulmonary complications, related to pre-operative pathology, environmental exposures (smoking, pollutants etc.) and intra-operative events (one-lung ventilation, lung resection etc.) [2]. Did the authors consider omitting thoracic patients entirely from the study? And what do the authors think their results would have shown if thoracic patients had not been analysed? Finally, given that PCV was a disproportionately popular method of ventilation among anaesthetists treating thoracic patients, is it possible that the choice of PCV by thoracic anaesthetists might be prone to unaccounted selection bias in the study, and so have influenced the results?
FOR DAIRY

In the fourth industrial revolution, most operations are moving to the digital space. The aim of this thesis is to examine how Internet of Things (IoT) will evolve the dairy industry. Dairy industry is the only competitive food industry with highest quality control limits, variable demand and supply, different customer needs in different forms of milk products. Increase in population increases the need for milk products with good quality. To supply the entire demand, the productivity of the farms should be improved by increasing lactation of an individual cow, and the waste across the entire supply chain must be minimised. This study answers how advances in automation and information technology will increase the quality and productivity of milk in farms, how these advancements will make an industry achieve competitive advantage and what are the changes to be followed to achieve it. Benefits and needs of IoT in farms, upstream supply chain, milk processing industry and downstream supply chain is completely analysed, and further study has been made to improve the pasteurizer efficiency in which two products can be processed with one pasteurizer.
the detection of liver metastases compared to 90% to 100% for MRI with either gadobenate

1 ACR Appropriateness Criteria ® 2 Staging of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma 3 Sentence Summary 4 Multiphase MDCT and MRI are recommended for assessment of complete/borderline resectability of 5 pancreatic adenocarcinoma, with necessary reporting of key vascular structure (especially SMA) 6 involvement (≤180°), tumor size ≤2 cm), location, and absence of distant metastases. 7 8 Summary of Literature Review 9 Introduction/Background 10 Prevalence, etiology, treatment, and prognosis 11 According to the American Cancer Society, the number of new pancreatic cancer cases estimated in the 12 United States in 2017 is 53,670 [1]. The estimated number of deaths is 43,090 in 2017, with pancreatic 13 adenocarcinoma remaining the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. 14 Difficulty in early detection and lack of effective screening methods invariably results in an advanced 15 stage at presentation and poor prognosis. 16 Associated risk factors include tobacco use (20% of patients), family history of pancreatic cancer (two 17 or more first-degree relatives with pancreatic cancer reported in 10% of patients), chronic pancreatitis, 18 diabetes, obesity, hereditary pancreatitis [2-4] and genetic alterations such as BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, 19 p16 gene mutations, Lynch syndrome, and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome [5,6]. Screening is not currently 20 recommended for the general population (US Preventive Services Task Force gives a D 21 recommendation) [7]. However, some have suggested that screening patients at high risk of developing 22 pancreatic cancer is feasible, while acknowledging that data for cost-effectiveness and benefit are still 23 required [8]. To date, the most suitable imaging technology for such screening is unclear [5]. No specific 24 tumor markers for pancreatic cancer exist, and although most patients will demonstrate elevation in 25 serum cancer antigen 19-9, this has low specificity and is more often used to indicate disease 26 progression. 27
Unsupervised person re-identification via local manifold consistency learning

Abstract. In the last few years, person re-identification (re-id) has made significant progress in supervised learning for matching pedestrians across disjoint camera views in surveillance. However, it is infeasible in many new scenes without sufficient labeled images when extending a re-id system. Therefore, unsupervised methods in person re-id tasks are vital for saving labeling costs. However, cross-camera scene variation is a crucial challenge for unsupervised person re-id, such as the occlusion problem. It results in uneven pairwise similarity distributions, which degrade matching performance. To solve this issue, we propose a local manifold consistency learning (LMCL) framework that consists of a context-aware feature embedding network and a camera-aware manifold alignment strategy. To better extract comprehensive features of persons in images, we propose a saliency feature attention algorithm by cropping feature maps into regions and transforming them into context features. We optimize our model based on sub-domain alignment loss to alleviate the effect of cross-camera scene variation, which closes the distance between sub-domains composed of similar samples. Extensive experimental results and ablation experiments verify the effectiveness of our LMCL approach.
Pump Up Password Security! Evaluating and Enhancing Risk-Based Authentication on a Real-World Large-Scale Online Service

Risk-based authentication (RBA) aims to protect users against attacks involving stolen passwords. RBA monitors features during login, and requests re-authentication when feature values widely differ from those previously observed. It is recommended by various national security organizations, and users perceive it more usable than and equally secure to equivalent two-factor authentication. Despite that, RBA is still used by very few online services. Reasons for this include a lack of validated open resources on RBA properties, implementation, and configuration. This effectively hinders the RBA research, development, and adoption progress. To close this gap, we provide the first long-term RBA analysis on a real-world large-scale online service. We collected feature data of 3.3 million users and 31.3 million login attempts over more than 1 year. Based on the data, we provide (i) studies on RBA’s real-world characteristics plus its configurations and enhancements to balance usability, security, and privacy; (ii) a machine learning–based RBA parameter optimization method to support administrators finding an optimal configuration for their own use case scenario; (iii) an evaluation of the round-trip time feature’s potential to replace the IP address for enhanced user privacy; and (iv) a synthesized RBA dataset to reproduce this research and to foster future RBA research. Our results provide insights on selecting an optimized RBA configuration so that users profit from RBA after just a few logins. The open dataset enables researchers to study, test, and improve RBA for widespread deployment in the wild.
Comparison and Optimization of Saccharification Conditions of Alkaline Pre-Treated Triticale Straw for Acid and Enzymatic Hydrolysis Followed by Ethanol Fermentation

This paper concerns the comparison of the efficiency of two-stage hydrolysis processes, i.e., alkaline pre-treatment and acid hydrolysis, as well as alkaline pre-treatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis, carried out in order to obtain reducing sugars from triticale straw. For each of the analyzed systems, the optimization of the processing conditions was carried out with respect to the glucose yield. For the alkaline pre-treatment, an optimal catalyst concentration was selected for constant values of temperature and pre-treatment time. For enzymatic hydrolysis, optimal process time and concentration of the enzyme preparation were determined. For the acidic hydrolysis, performed with 85% phosphoric acid, the optimum temperature and hydrolysis time were determined. In the hydrolysates obtained after the two-stage treatment, the concentration of reducing sugars was determined using HPLC. The obtained hydrolysates were subjected to ethanol fermentation. The concentrations of fermentation inhibitors are given and their effects on the alcoholic fermentation efficiency are discussed.
SAM: Multi-turn Response Selection Based on Semantic Awareness Matching

Multi-turn response selection is a key issue in retrieval-based chatbots and has attracted considerable attention in the NLP (Natural Language processing) field. So far, researchers have developed many solutions that can select appropriate responses for multi-turn conversations. However, these works are still suffering from the semantic mismatch problem when responses and context share similar words with different meanings. In this article, we propose a novel chatbot model based on Semantic Awareness Matching, called SAM. SAM can capture both similarity and semantic features in the context by a two-layer matching network. Appropriate responses are selected according to the matching probability made through the aggregation of the two feature types. In the evaluation, we pick 4 widely used datasets and compare SAM’s performance to that of 12 other models. Experiment results show that SAM achieves substantial improvements, with up to 1.5% R10@1 on Ubuntu Dialogue Corpus V2, 0.5% R10@1 on Douban Conversation Corpus, and 1.3% R10@1 on E-commerce Corpus.
Emotion Generation System Based on Users’ Emotion and Self-conscious for a Panda-type Robot

In this paper, a panda-type robot is developed which can generate different emotions responding to the emotions of the user and its self-conscious. User emotion recognition is realized by fusing multiple information from the user, including facial expressions, voice emotions and touching forces. The panda-type robot generates and expresses its emotion by integrating recognized users’ emotion and its self-conscious feelings. The effectiveness of the proposed system is confirmed by continuous interaction experiments.
Iriscode Matching Comparator to Improve Decidability of Human Iris Recognition

Eye iris has been widely recognized as one of the strongest biometrics attributed to its high accuracy performance. However, any compromised event of iris data potentially leads to severe security and privacy issues because the human iris is permanently linked to individuals and not revocable. Excising protection schemes protect the iris data with the expense of decreased accuracy performance. This paper introduces a new protection scheme to generate a protected template from iris data that can be safely store in the database for future authentication. Experiment results showed that the proposed scheme enjoys a particular S-curve property required to offer strong system security while ensuring high system usability in terms of low false acceptance and false rejection rate.
A Frequency-Dependent Head-Related Transfer Functions Modeling Approach Based on Spherical Harmonic Expansion: FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT HRTF MODELING

Modeling head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) using spherical harmonics (SHs) expansion is an efficient solution for HRTF-related tasks, such as interpolation and binaural rendering. However, the accurate reconstruction of HRTFs requires a large number of SH coefficients. To model HRTFs for accurate perceptual localization performance with fewer SH expansion coefficients, this study proposes a frequency dependent HRTFs modeling approach by utilizing a higher-order SH expansion for the frequency regions that play more important roles for sound localization. The reconstructed HRTFs are then evaluated by the auditory model, which could predict psychoacoustic measures of localization performance. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve better HRTF reconstruction for sound source localization with fewer additional SH coefficients, thus can be further used to simplify the complexity of binaural playback for spatial audio applications.