Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Papillomavirus-Related Non-Metastatic Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: Current Local Treatment Options and Future Perspectives

Simple Summary Current options for the curative treatment of the non-metastatic oropharyngeal carcinoma associated with human papillomavirus include minimally-invasive surgery or radiotherapy, which is combined with chemotherapy in many clinical situations. The aim of this review is to summarize the current treatment recommendations in the local therapy of human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer, with respect to the latest published evidence in the field. Future perspectives and next-generation research pathways, including treatment deintensification methods, are thoroughly discussed. Abstract Over the last two decades, human papillomavirus (HPV) has caused a new pandemic of cancer in many urban areas across the world. The new entity, HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), has been at the center of scientific attention ever since, not only due to its distinct biological behavior, but also because of its significantly better prognosis than observed in its HPV-negative counterpart. The very good treatment outcomes of the disease after primary therapy (minimally-invasive surgery, radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy) resulted in the creation of a separate staging system, reflecting this excellent prognosis. A substantial proportion of newly diagnosed HPV-driven OPSCC is diagnosed in stage I or II, where long-term survival is observed worldwide. Deintensification of the primary therapeutic methods, aiming at a reduction of long-term toxicity in survivors, has emerged, and the quality of life of the patient after treatment has become a key-point in many clinical trials. Current treatment recommendations for the treatment of HPV-driven OPSCC do not differ significantly from HPV-negative OPSCC; however, the results of randomized trials are eagerly awaited and deemed necessary, in order to include deintensification into standard clinical practice.
Analysing planktonic foraminiferal growth in three dimensions with foram3D: an R package for automated trait measurements from CT scans

Abstract. Foraminifera are one of the few taxa that preserve their entire ontogeny in their fossilised remains. Revealing this ontogeny through micro-computed tomography (CT) of fossil planktonic foraminifera has greatly improved our understanding of their life history and allows accurate quantification of total shell volume, growth rates and developmental constraints throughout an individual's life. Studies using CT scans currently mainly focus on chamber size, but the wealth of three-dimensional data generated by CT scans has the potential to reconstruct complete growth trajectories. Here we present an open-source R package to analyse growth in three-dimensional space. Using only the centroid xyz coordinates of every chamber, the functions determine the growth sequence and check that chambers are in the correct order. Once the order of growth has been verified, the functions calculate distances and angles between subsequent chambers, determine the total number of whorls and the number of chambers in the final whorl at the time each chamber was built, and, for the first time, quantify trochospirality. The applications of this package will enable repeatable analysis of large data sets and quantification of key taxonomic traits and ultimately provide new insights into the effects of ontogeny on evolution.
The Correlated Variations of Narrow Absorption Lines and Quasar Continuum

We assemble 207 variable quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, all with at least 3 observations, to analyze C iv narrow absorption doublets, and obtain 328 C iv narrow absorption line systems. We find that 19 out of 328 C iv narrow absorption line systems were changed by on timescales from 15.9 to 1477 days at rest-frame. Among the 19 obviously variable C iv systems, we find that (1) 14 systems have relative velocities and 4 systems have , where c is the speed of light; (2) 13 systems are accompanied by other variable C iv systems; (3) 9 systems were changed continuously during multiple observations; and (4) 1 system with 16,862 km s−1 was enhanced by in 0.67 day at rest-frame. The variations of absorption lines are inversely correlated with the changes in the ionizing continuum. We also find that large variations of C iv narrow absorption lines are form differently over a short timescale.
The Merger Rate of Massive Galaxies

We calculate the projected two-point correlation function for samples of luminous and massive galaxies in the COMBO-17 photometric redshift survey, focusing particularly on the amplitude of the correlation function at small projected radii and exploring the constraints such measurements can place on the galaxy merger rate. For nearly volume-limited samples with 0.4 < z < 0.8, we find that 4% ± 1% of luminous MB < -20 galaxies are in close physical pairs (with real-space separation of <30 proper kpc). The corresponding fraction for massive galaxies with M* > 2.5 × 1010 M☉ is 5% ± 1%. Incorporating close pair fractions from the literature, the 2dFGRS and the SDSS, we find a fairly rapid evolution of the merger fraction of massive galaxies between z = 0.8 and the present day. Assuming that the major merger timescale is of order the dynamical timescale for close massive galaxy pairs, we tentatively infer that ~50% (70%) of all galaxies with present-day masses M* > 5 × 1010 M☉ (remnants of mergers between galaxies with M* > 2.5 × 1010 M☉) have undergone a major merger since z = 0.8(1): major mergers between massive galaxies are a significant driver of galaxy evolution over the last eight billion years.
Connectivity between the Latin American and U.S. stock markets in the presence of the Covid-19 pandemic

Objective - This paper aims to revisit the relationship between the Latin American and U.S. stock markets during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology- The dynamic connectivity between these markets was estimated by implementing the time-varying VAR model (TVP-VAR) for daily data from January 2010 to June 2021. Results - There are three main results. First, although spillovers from each market accounted for most of their variance, exchanges were not entirely independent of each other. Second, the U.S. and Brazil were net transmitters of spillovers, while Argentina and Chile were net receivers. Finally, the magnitude of net spillovers is not high enough to characterize a contagion effect. Practical implications - The inclusion of Latin American stock markets in the scope of Covid-19 studies is an important contribution to the literature that often neglects Latin American markets in its samples. Originality - The study of the connection between markets in the presence of Covid-19 differs from most that focus exclusively on the impact of Covid-19. Understanding the relationship between Latin American and U.S. markets in the presence of a crisis unlike any that has occurred before can help investors in their investment strategies and policymakers, governments, and monetary authorities interested in the integration or disintegration between markets.
Government Audit Quality: Audit Expectation – Performance Gap

This paper seeks to explore the audit expectation and performance gap in the Indonesian government audit. This research utilized a qualitative approach involving three methods of data collection namely interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis with a total of 32 government auditors of the Indonesian Supreme Audit Institution (BPK-RI). The data from all methods were analyzed through a qualitative thematic analysis framework. This research found that there are three types of occur in the context of Indonesian government audit quality namely deficient performance, deficient standards, and reasonableness gap.
Physical Activity and Quality of Life among Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

Background: Physical activity (PA) improves exercise capacity, slows the decline in lung function, and enhances Quality of Life (QoL) in patients with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate PA and QoL among children with CF compared to healthy controls; the secondary aim was to assess the correlation between PA, QoL, and lung function (FEV1). Methods: Forty-five children and adolescents with CF and 45 age-matched controls completed two self-administered validated questionnaires: The Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ) and the DISABKIDS for QoL. Moreover, pwCF performed spirometry and multiple breath washout tests (MBW). In addition, weight, height, and BMI were recorded. The Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire was used to evaluate physical activity; QOL was assessed using the DISABKIDS Questionnaire. The correlation of PA with QOL was assessed as well. Results: Mean age of the CF population was 13.22 (±4.6) years, mean BMI 19.58 (±4.1) kg/m2, mean FEV1% 91.15 ± 20.46%, and mean LCI 10.68 ± 4.08. 68% of the CF group were active, 27% were medium active, 5% were sedentary, while 83% of the control group were active and 17% were medium active. PwCF with higher PA scores showed significantly higher emotional health (r2: 0.414, p: 0.006) and total QOL score (r2: 0.372; p: 0.014). The PA score showed no significant correlation with FEV1% or LCI. Conclusions: The children with CF showed satisfactory PA levels, which positively correlated to their QoL. More research is needed on the effect of increased levels of habitual physical activity to establish the decline in pulmonary function among pwCF.
DASH: Deep Learning for the Automated Spectral Classification of Supernovae and Their Hosts

We present DASH (Deep Automated Supernova and Host classifier), a novel software package that automates the classification of the type, age, redshift, and host galaxy of supernova spectra. DASH makes use of a new approach that does not rely on iterative template-matching techniques like all previous software, but instead classifies based on the learned features of each supernova’s type and age. It has achieved this by employing a deep convolutional neural network to train a matching algorithm. This approach has enabled DASH to be orders of magnitude faster than previous tools, being able to accurately classify hundreds or thousands of objects within seconds. We have tested its performance on 4 yr of data from the Australian Dark Energy Survey (OzDES). The deep learning models were developed using TensorFlow and were trained using over 4000 supernova spectra taken from the CfA Supernova Program and the Berkeley SN Ia Program as used in SNID (Supernova Identification software). Unlike template-matching methods, the trained models are independent of the number of spectra in the training data, which allows for DASH's unprecedented speed. We have developed both a graphical interface for easy visual classification and analysis of supernovae and a Python library for the autonomous and quick classification of several supernova spectra. The speed, accuracy, user-friendliness, and versatility of DASH present an advancement to existing spectral classification tools. We have made the code publicly available on GitHub and PyPI (pip install astrodash) to allow for further contributions and development. The package documentation is available at https://astrodash.readthedocs. io.
Velocity Dispersions and Cluster Properties in the Southern Abell Redshift Survey Clusters. II.

We report an analysis of the dynamical structure of clusters of galaxies from a survey of photometric and spectroscopic observations in the fields of southern Abell clusters. We analyze the galaxy velocity field in extended regions up to 7 h-1 Mpc from cluster centers, and we estimate mean velocity dispersions and their radial dependence. Only one from a total of 41 Abell clusters does not correspond to a dynamically bound system. However, four of these bound objects are double clusters. We estimate that 20% (seven clusters) of the 35 remaining are subject to serious projection effects. Normalizing the clustercentric distances by means of the overdensity radius r200, and the velocity dispersion profiles (VDPs) by the corresponding mean cluster velocity dispersion, we computed the average VDP. Our results indicate a flat behavior of the mean VDP at large distances from the cluster center. Nevertheless, we found that for the inner part of the clusters (r/r200 ≤ 1) the VDP is up to 10% smaller than at larger radii.
Non-thermal emission resulting from a supernova explosion inside an extragalactic jet

Context. Core-collapse supernovae are found in galaxies with ongoing star-formation. In a starburst galaxy hosting an active galactic nucleus with a relativistic jet, supernovae can take place inside the jet. The collision of the supernova ejecta with the jet flow is expected to lead to the formation of an interaction region, in which particles can be accelerated and produce high-energy emission. Aims. We study the non-thermal radiation produced by electrons accelerated as a result of a supernova explosion inside the jet of an active galactic nucleus within a star-forming galaxy. Methods. We first analyzed the dynamical evolution of the supernova ejecta impacted by the jet. Then, we explored the parameter space using simple prescriptions for the observed gamma-ray lightcurve. Finally, the synchrotron and the inverse Compton spectral energy distributions for two types of sources, a radio galaxy and a powerful blazar, are computed. Results. For a radio galaxy, the interaction between a supernova and a jet of power ∼1043 − 1044 erg s−1 can produce apparent gamma-ray luminosities of ∼1042 − 1043 erg s−1, with an event duty cycle of supernova remnant interacting with the jet close to one for one galaxy. For a blazar with a powerful jet of ∼1046 erg s−1, the jet-supernova ejecta interaction could produce apparent gamma-ray luminosities of ∼1043 − 1044 erg s−1, but with a much lower duty cycle. Conclusions. The interaction of supernovae with misaligned jets of moderate power can be relatively frequent, and can result in steady gamma-ray emission potentially detectable for sources in the local universe. For powerful blazars much farther away, the emission would be steady as well, and it might be detectable under very efficient acceleration, but the events would be rather infrequent.
Sharing, liking, surfing, and not studying! Cyberloafing by Accounting Sciences students

Abstract Guided by the possibility of the learning process being affected by cyberloafing behavior, this study analyzed the precedents and consequences of engagement in cyberloafing behavior by Accounting Sciences students based on personal use of the internet and technological devices in the classroom. There is little joint discussion about the precedents and consequences of this behavior, despite the diverse evidence of its importance and influence over the individuals’ different living environments. Thus, these variables represent a topic of interest to understand their effects over students. Cyberloafing behavior has been linked to academic performance, learning experiences, and the emotional state of students, and so it is pertinent to understand its precedents and consequences. The implications of the research are discussed in theoretical, practical, and social terms. The personal and conscious use of the internet and technological devices should be promoted in order to provide gains both at the individual and at the organizational level in the environment the student inhabits. Structural equation modeling was applied to 404 valid participations obtained through an online survey conducted with students from different regions of Brazil. The personal precedents, such as the need for contact with friends, exert a greater effect over cyberloafing behavior. The academic precedents, such as the quality of the materials used in the classes, also presented a significant relationship with cyberloafing behavior. The consequences related with cyberloafing consisted of arriving late to class and academic meetings, procrastinating in the execution of academic activities, and isolating oneself from friends and family. These elements show that cyberloafing is the result of the environment the individual inhabits and that it has different consequences in the student’s life.
RCF-defense for quantum randomness

Authors develop new nonparametric methods for verification and monitoring for quantum randomness based on the ranged correlation function (RCF) and a sequence of the ranged amplitudes (SRA). We carried out RCF-analysis of different topology subsamples from raw data of the prototype of a quantum random number generator on homodyne detection. It is shown that in the real system there are weak local regression relations, for which it is possible to introduce a robust criterion of significance, and also precise SRA-identification of long samples statistics is made. The obtained results extend the traditional entropy methods of the useful randomness analysis and open the way for creation of new strict quality quantum standards and defense for physical random numbers generators.
Control of Nonlinear Wave Solutions to Neural Field Equations

Neural field equations offer a continuous description of the dynamics of large populations of synaptically coupled neurons. This makes them a convenient tool to describe various neural processes, such as working memory, motion perception, and visual hallucinations, to name a few. Due to the important applications, the question arises how to effectively control solutions in such systems. In this work, we investigate the problem of position control of traveling wave solutions to scalar neural field equations on the basis of singular perturbation analysis. Thereby, we consider different means of control such as spatio-temporal modulations of the neural firing threshold, asymmetric synaptic coupling kernels, and additive inputs. Treating these controls as perturbations to the neural field system, one obtains an equation of motion for traveling wave solutions in response to the applied controls. Subsequently, we pose the inverse question of how to design controls that lead to a propagation of the solution following a desired velocity protocol. In particular, we make use of a specific excitation of the solution's translational modes which enables an explicit calculation of a necessary control signal for a given velocity protocol without evoking shape deformations. Moreover, we derive an equivalent control method relying on a modulation of the neurons' synaptic footprint.
X-ray binaries and their descendants: binary radio pulsars; evidence for three classes of neutron stars?

An important recent discovery by Pfahl et al. (2002) is that there are two classes of Be X-ray binaries: one with orbits of small eccentricity (<0.25), in which the neutron stars received hardly any kick velocity at birth and a class with substantial orbital eccentricities, in which the neutron stars received a kick velocity of order 100 km/s at birth. Also many of the double neutron stars (5 out of 7) have a low orbital eccentricity (0.09 to 0.27), which indicates that their second-born neutron stars received hardly any velocity kick at birth. These second-born neutron stars tend to have low masses (1.25 to 1.35 Msun). It is proposed that the low-mass, low-kick neutron stars are formed by the electron capture of degenerate O-Ne-Mg cores of stars with initial masses below about 12-14 Msun, while the high-kick neutron stars originated from the photo-disintegration collapse of the iron cores of stars which started out with masses larger than this limit. The latter group may be further subdivided into two classes of different mass.
Probing the cosmological singularity with a particle

We examine the transition of a particle across the singularity of the compactified Milne (CM) space. Quantization of the phase space of a particle and testing the quantum stability of its dynamics are consistent to one another. One type of transition of a quantum particle is described by a quantum state that is continuous at the singularity. It indicates the existence of a deterministic link between the propagation of a particle before and after crossing the singularity. Regularization of the CM space leads to the dynamics similar to the dynamics in the de Sitter space. The CM space is a promising model to describe the cosmological singularity deserving further investigation by making use of strings and membranes.
The radiation-matter transition in Jordan-Brans-Dicke theory

We study the transition from radiation domination to matter domination in Jordan-Brans-Dicke theory, in particular examining how the Hubble length at equality depends on the coupling parameter $\omega$. We consider the prospects for using high-accuracy microwave anisotropy and large-scale structure data to constrain $\omega$ more strongly than by conventional solar system gravity experiments.
The Impact of Import Competition on College Choice: Evidence from Chinese Imports in Korea Revisiting Unilateral Divorce Law and Divorce Rate: Using Dynamic Effect Estimators with Heterogeneous Treatment Effects

: As China has become “the world’s factory”, the availability of low-skilled jobs has become worse in countries that import products from China. I exploited cross-industry and cross-local labor market variations in import growth from China to investigate how Korean students’ post-secondary education decisions were inﬂuenced by more intensive import competition from China. Using admin-istrative statistics from high schools between 2000 and 2015, I found that in regions more affected by China imports, more students pursued a college degree after ﬁnishing from high school. Consistent with the enrollment pattern, I found that in Korea, a surge in Chinese imports caused huge job losses especially for low-educated workers, which decreased the opportunity cost and increased the marginal beneﬁt for college education. However, there is heterogeneity in the enrollments based on gender and type of educational institution. In the more affected regions, male students tended to enroll in 4-year universities rather than 2-year colleges while female students were more likely to choose 2-year colleges. The ﬁndings of this study suggest that negative social norms and smaller employment loss for working women led to a more limited increase in educational investment among women. Abstract: Children have long been viewed as sources of support to parents in developing countries. This paper investigates how child investments in rural China react to a pension program that provides parents with an alternative to adult children as a source of support. Exploiting regional variation in the timing of the New Rural Pension Scheme (NRPS) in China, we ﬁnd that parents who enrolled in the NRPS spent more on their children’s education. Speciﬁcally, the increase in educational spending is observed for the parents of sons. In terms of the quantity of children, although the effect on the prob-ability of giving birth to a baby is not statistically signiﬁcant, we ﬁnd that parents enrolled in NRPS were more likely to give birth to a boy. Considering the introduction of a pension scheme as lower-ing the price for future incomes, this implies that the income effect is larger than the inter-temporal substitution effect leading to higher investments in their children. Moreover, our results suggest that NRPS does not weaken son preference in China, although this program can provide old-age support for parents instead of sons who traditionally did this. Abstract: I revisit literatures estimating the effect of unilateral divorce law on divorce rate with US panel data. The reason why these literatures could not have a consensus on the effect of this law on divorce rate is because two-way ﬁxed effects and event study regressions are not robust to heterogeneous treatment effects, and in this case, estimates cannot be interpreted as a causal effect. By using alternative