Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Faa Human Factors Workbench: Integration between Research and System Development

The FAA Human Factors Workbench is an online resource providing integrated access to information in four areas for aviation human factors practitioners and researchers: Human Factors Process in FAA's system acquisitions, Human Factors Tools, Technical Reports, and Human Factors Awareness Training. The Workbench provides information addressing human factors goals in FAA systems, FAA's acquisition policy, and how to build a Human Factors Plan. Over 90 human factors tools have been assembled to support program planning, analysis, design, and evaluation activities. The Workbench provides access to human factors research products and technical reports published by the FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, the FAA Technical Center, as well as other government research offices, contractors, universities, and EUROCONTROL. The Human Factors Awareness Web Course provides basic human factors training. The Workbench supports the FAA's product teams, human factors practitioners, and researchers. The workbench is accessible at http://www.hf. faa.gov/Workbench/default.aspx
Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) for Biomedical Applications

The significant advancements within the electronics miniaturization field have shifted the scientific interest towards a new class of precision devices, namely microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Specifically, MEMS refers to microscaled precision devices generally produced through micromachining techniques that combine mechanical and electrical components for fulfilling tasks normally carried out by macroscopic systems. Although their presence is found throughout all the aspects of daily life, recent years have witnessed countless research works involving the application of MEMS within the biomedical field, especially in drug synthesis and delivery, microsurgery, microtherapy, diagnostics and prevention, artificial organs, genome synthesis and sequencing, and cell manipulation and characterization. Their tremendous potential resides in the advantages offered by their reduced size, including ease of integration, lightweight, low power consumption, high resonance frequency, the possibility of integration with electrical or electronic circuits, reduced fabrication costs due to high mass production, and high accuracy, sensitivity, and throughput. In this context, this paper aims to provide an overview of MEMS technology by describing the main materials and fabrication techniques for manufacturing purposes and their most common biomedical applications, which have evolved in the past years.
Investing in development : a practical plan to achieve the Millennium Development Goals

This Overview is an invaluable summary of the capstone volume Investing in Development, which brings together the core recommendations of the UN Millennium Project, commissioned by UN Director-General Kofi Annan and directed by Jeffrey D. Sachs, one of world? s leading economists. The Overview provides a user friendly introduction to the main volume, which is the official action plan for ending poverty, providing practical investment strategies and approaches to financing them and an operational framework that will allow even the poorest countries to achieve the MDGs within ten years.
Walking on Mild Slopes and Altering Arm Swing Each Induce Specific Strategies in Healthy Young Adults

Slopes are present in everyday environments and require specific postural strategies for successful navigation; different arm strategies may be used to manage external perturbations while walking. It has yet to be determined what impact arm swing has on postural strategies and gait stability during sloped walking. We investigated the potentially interacting effects of surface slope and arm motion on gait stability and postural strategies in healthy young adults. We tested 15 healthy adults, using the CAREN-Extended system to simulate a rolling-hills environment which imparted both incline (uphill) and decline (downhill) slopes (± 3°). This protocol was completed under three imposed arm swing conditions: held, normal, active. Spatiotemporal gait parameters, mediolateral margin of stability, and postural kinematics in anteroposterior (AP), mediolateral (ML), and vertical (VT) directions were assessed. Main effects of conditions and interactions were evaluated by 2-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Our results showed no interactions between arm swing and slope; however, we found main effects of arm swing and main effects of slope. As expected, uphill and downhill sections of the rolling-hills yielded opposite stepping and postural strategies compared to level walking, and active and held arm swings led to opposite postural strategies compared to normal arm swing. Arm swing effects were consistent across slope conditions. Walking with arms held decreased gait speed, indicating a level of caution, but maintained stability comparable to that of walking with normal arm swing. Active arm swing increased both step width variability and ML-MoS during downhill sections. Alternately, ML-MoS was larger with increased step width and double support time during uphill sections compared to level, which demonstrates that distinct base of support strategies are used to manage arm swing compared to slope. The variability of the rolling-hills also required proactive base of support changes despite the mild slopes to maintain balance.
The Prevalence of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions in CKD-A Retrospective Observational Study of Cerrahpasa Nephrology Unit

Background and Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is usually linked with polypharmacy and patients are invariably at risk of complex medication regimens. The present study was designed to estimate the potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) through the prescription patterns provided to patients of the Nephrology Transplant Unit of Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty patients. Materials and Methods: 96 patients were included in the study. pDDIs among every combination of the prescribed drug were analyzed using the Thomson Reuters Micromedex. Results: We found 149 pDDIs making 2.16 interactions per prescription with incidence rates of 69.7%. Approximately 4.1% of interactions were of significant severity, 75.1% moderate severity, and 20.8% were classified as minor pDDIs. The most frequent interactions were found between iron and aluminum, calcium or magnesium-containing products (21.37%), calcium channel blockers and beta-blockers (8.96%); and aspirin and aluminum, calcium, or magnesium-containing products (7.58%). We identified 42 drug pairs with probability of clinical significance. The most commonly reported clinical outcomes of the pDDIs were hypo- or hypertension (39.24%), decreased drug efficacy (24.05%), and arrhythmia (9.49%). Aluminum, calcium, or magnesium-containing drug products (33.10%) constituted the primary class of drugs involved in interactions. Conclusions: This study showed pharmacodynamics (49%), pharmacokinetics (42.94%) interactions, polypharmacy and gender as determinant of pDDIs. A comprehensive multicenter research is required to decrease the morbidity and ease the state burden.
Where’s My Water?

Irrigation systems are said to be the heartbeat of the golf course. In reality, it's the water in them that's so important, and in some areas of the country we have been expecting future limitations on that water. In Texas, the future may be now. The Ft. Worth Division of the Army Corps of Engineers is the first regional Corps office to implement a national directive to eliminate submersible pumps in "Waters of the U.S." Most lakes, streams and even intermittent streams fall under the definition of "Waters of the U.S." and thus, control of the Corps. In June, the Ft. Worth Division sent letters to permitted water users stating that "utilization of submersible pumps in marine environments where swimmers and waders could be present is a safety hazard and therefore these types of pumps must be removed immediately," adding that, "Our overall goal is to reduce the potential for accidents at our area lakes. " Pumps can remain if they are be rated at 220 volts or less, Underwriters Laboratory (UL) certified for boaters and swimmers, installed and wired in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations and the National Electrical Code for wet locations. They also noted that water intake lines can remain. The new regulation prompted questions and concerns. Negative reaction stems more from the ruling's timing and the "immediate" pump removal requirement than its intent. The immediate enforcement forced many golf courses, municipal water supplies, homeowners and others to re-evaluate their pump systems to avoid losing their existing water sources. The problem lay in the need to work quickly in the heat of Texas summer and the lack of flexibility in what solutions were initially considered acceptable. Some who are generally critical of the Federal government (Texas has its share) wondered why the Corps picked an economically distressed time to implement a policy that is a reaction to the 1993 drowning of an Oklahoma man which may have resulted from contacting an underwater pump while swimming. Others wonder if the safety issue is really a guise, with the real intent of more Federal control of water reently none is UL certified or meets the stringent Corps safety goals. It is possible but not economically feasible for individual users to pay for the UL studies to gain certification. One golf course prepared five water withdrawal options. The only one meeting the strict criteria will cost over $400,000, which could put them out of business. Initially, representatives of the Corps seemed untroubled by closed or dead golf courses. Having worked with the Ft. Worth Division of the ACOE in obtaining construction permits, I know they are reasonable
Intergrading reef communities across discrete seaweed habitats in a temperate–tropical transition zone: Lessons for species reshuffling in a warming ocean

Abstract Temperate reefs are increasingly affected by the direct and indirect effects of climate change. At many of their warm range edges, cool‐water kelps are decreasing, while seaweeds with warm‐water affinities are increasing. These habitat‐forming species provide different ecological functions, and shifts to warm‐affinity seaweeds are expected to modify the structure of associated communities. Predicting the nature of such shifts at the ecosystem level is, however, challenging, as they often occur gradually over large geographical areas. Here, we take advantage of a climatic transition zone, where cool‐affinity (kelp) and warm‐affinity (Sargassum) seaweed forests occur adjacently under similar environmental conditions, to test whether these seaweed habitats support different associated seaweed, invertebrate, coral, and fish assemblages. We found clear differences in associated seaweed assemblages between habitats characterized by kelp and Sargassum abundance, with kelp having higher biomass and seaweed diversity and more cool‐affinity species than Sargassum habitats. The multivariate invertebrate and fish assemblages were not different between habitats, despite a higher diversity of fish species in the Sargassum habitat. No pattern in temperature affinity of the invertebrate or fish assemblages in each habitat was found, and few fish species were exclusive to one habitat or the other. These findings suggest that, as ocean warming continues to replace kelps with Sargassum, the abundance and diversity of associated seaweeds could decrease, whereas fish could increase. Nevertheless, the more tropicalized seaweed habitats may provide a degree of functional redundancy to associated fauna in temperate seaweed habitats.
Firefighter and victims protecting solution based on Wireless Body Area Network nodes

Interconnectivity between Web systems and sensor networks is used to provide smart services for the Internet of Things. These services are based on data collection and processing to obtain useful information about the supervised environment. With this information it is possible to provide smart services, but some of them must be considered as protected by the legislation regarding privacy of personal data. In order to face this issue, security and privacy mechanisms must be used. So as to deal with the limited resources in sensor networks, these mechanisms must be as lightweight as possible to preserve the enough Quality of Service. However, these mechanisms must fulfill security and privacy requirements defined by the regulations. This paper describes a Wireless Body Area Network application providing services to protect firefighter work in hazardous environments. The firefighter wears a special shirt with sensors embedded. These sensors are able to monitor not only the firefighter health status, but also they can be connected to external sensors in order to monitor the health status of the victims. These external sensors are part of the equipment carried by the firefighter to face the emergencies and save lives. Thus, they are able to obtain external medical aid.
Detection of Liver Dysfunction Using a Wearable Electronic Nose System Based on Semiconductor Metal Oxide Sensors

The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine whether liver dysfunction can be generally classified using a wearable electronic nose based on semiconductor metal oxide (MOx) gas sensors, and whether the extent of this dysfunction can be quantified. MOx gas sensors are attractive because of their simplicity, high sensitivity, low cost, and stability. A total of 30 participants were enrolled, 10 of them being healthy controls, 10 with compensated cirrhosis, and 10 with decompensated cirrhosis. We used three sensor modules with a total of nine different MOx layers to detect reducible, easily oxidizable, and highly oxidizable gases. The complex data analysis in the time and non-linear dynamics domains is based on the extraction of 10 features from the sensor time series of the extracted breathing gas measurement cycles. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for distinguishing compensated and decompensated cirrhosis patients from healthy controls was 1.00. Patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis could be separated with a sensitivity of 0.90 (correctly classified decompensated cirrhosis), a specificity of 1.00 (correctly classified compensated cirrhosis), and an accuracy of 0.95. Our wearable, non-invasive system provides a promising tool to detect liver dysfunctions on a functional basis. Therefore, it could provide valuable support in preoperative examinations or for initial diagnosis by the general practitioner, as it provides non-invasive, rapid, and cost-effective analysis results.
Toll-like Receptor 4, Osteoblasts and Leukemogenesis; the Lesson from Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern-recognizing receptor that can bind exogenous and endogenous ligands. It is expressed by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, several bone marrow stromal cells, and nonleukemic cells involved in inflammation. TLR4 can bind a wide range of endogenous ligands that are present in the bone marrow microenvironment. Furthermore, the TLR4-expressing nonleukemic bone marrow cells include various mesenchymal cells, endothelial cells, differentiated myeloid cells, and inflammatory/immunocompetent cells. Osteoblasts are important stem cell supporting cells localized to the stem cell niches, and they support the proliferation and survival of primary AML cells. These supporting effects are mediated by the bidirectional crosstalk between AML cells and supportive osteoblasts through the local cytokine network. Finally, TLR4 is also important for the defense against complicating infections in neutropenic patients, and it seems to be involved in the regulation of inflammatory and immunological reactions in patients treated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Thus, TLR4 has direct effects on primary AML cells, and it has indirect effects on the leukemic cells through modulation of their supporting neighboring bone marrow stromal cells (i.e., modulation of stem cell niches, regulation of angiogenesis). Furthermore, in allotransplant recipients TLR4 can modulate inflammatory and potentially antileukemic immune reactivity. The use of TLR4 targeting as an antileukemic treatment will therefore depend both on the biology of the AML cells, the biological context of the AML cells, aging effects reflected both in the AML and the stromal cells and the additional antileukemic treatment combined with HSP90 inhibition.
Cenni di Valutazione Finanziaria (Elements of Corporate Valuation)

Italian abstract: I metodi base della valutazione di un'azienda indebitata o meno vengono derivati dai dati di bilancio. Lo schema viene presentato in assenza ed in presenza di tassazione cominciando dai teoremi fondamentali di Modigliani Miller (1958) fino alla nozione di valore aggiunto oltre la remunerazione dei finanziatori del capitale (EVA). Viene esplicitata la derivazione del costo medio ponderato del capitale in ognuno dei casi.English Abstract: Essential elements for firm valuation are exposed. We show unlevered and levered firm value in absence and then in present of taxation, starting from Modigliani-Miller (1958) and (1963) theorems. Focus is on how to compute the WACC.
Application of Bioorganic Fertilizer on Panax notoginseng Improves Plant Growth by Altering the Rhizosphere Microbiome Structure and Metabolism

Bioorganic fertilizers can alleviate (a) biotic stresses and sustainably increase crop yields. The effect of bioorganic fertilizers on the rhizosphere bacterial community of Panax notoginseng and soil metabolism remains unknown. Here, we tracked the changes in the soil physicochemical properties, bacterial microbiota responses, and soil metabolic functions after the addition of a bioorganic fertilizer in a P. notoginseng field. The application of a bioorganic fertilizer reduced the soil acidification, improved the organic matter, and increased the contents of the total/available soil nutrients. Soil amendment with a bioorganic fertilizer significantly affected the structure of the rhizosphere bacterial community, leading to the enrichment of specific bacterial consortia such as Rhodanobacter, Arthrobacter, Sphingomonas, Devosia, Pseudolabrys, Luteimonas, Lysobacter, Nitrosospira, and Nakamurella. Previously, many of these genera have been associated with nutrient cycling, plant productivity, and disease suppression. Metabolome analysis further highlighted that the bioorganic fertilizer treatment significantly reduced phenolic acids and flavonoids and enhanced organic acids, saccharides and alcohols, and amino acids. This result indicates a high survival of bacterial microbiota in the rhizosphere and an availability of nutrients for P. notoginseng growth. This work showed that the application of bioorganic fertilizers significantly improves soil health status, alters soil metabolic functions, and stimulates a specific subset of rhizosphere microbiota for nutrient cycling and disease protection in P. notoginseng.
Influence of soil moisture stress on yield and its components of finger millet

In summer 1975 at Bangalore, Eleusine coracana cv. Purna and HPB7-6 were studied under moisture stress before max. tillering, or at early ear emergence, flowering or grain setting. The unstressed control gave the highest grain yield (3.63 t/ha). Stress at the 4 growth stages gave non-significant grain yield reductions of 7, 19, 21 and 16%, resp. Stress at flowering increased 1000-grain weight from 2.89 to 3.16 g and decreased harvest index from 37.2 to 33.5%. Yield reductions were 11% in Purna and 15% in HPB7-6 but the cv. did not differ significantly
Post-Discharge Effects and Parents’ Opinions of Intranasal Fentanyl with Oral Midazolam Sedation in Pediatric Dental Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the post-discharge effects of oral midazolam with intranasal fentanyl sedation in pediatric patients who had dental treatment and to evaluate parents’ preference regarding sedation visits. Methods: A total of 32 uncooperative healthy pediatric patients aged 3–6 years old who met the inclusion criteria were included. In the first visit, one group received oral midazolam (0.7 mg/kg) with intranasal fentanyl (1 μg/kg) sedation (M/F) and the other group received oral midazolam with intranasal placebo (M), and in the second visit each group received the other type of sedation in a cross-over type. In this cross-sectional study, a post-discharge phone-call questionnaire was carried out 24 h after both sedation visits with the parents to evaluate the children’s behavior, function, balance, eating pattern, sleeping pattern, vomiting incidents, and any possible side effects, as well as parents’ satisfaction and preference. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze the categorical variables, and the Chi-square test was performed to analyze the parents’ preference. Result: A total of 32 parents responded to the phone-call questionnaire after 64 sedation visits. All of them were mothers. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with respect to recovery to normal function and balance, behavior, incidents of fever, vomiting, sleep disturbance, oversleeping, and adverse behavioral changes (p > 0.05). Children required a significantly longer amount of time until the first meal after M/F sedation (p = 0.04). No significant difference was found between parents’ preferences regarding the sedation visits (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Intranasal fentanyl added to oral midazolam sedation could have an effect on post-discharge adverse behavioral changes, prolonged sleeping, and prolonged recovery time. Children sedated with midazolam/fentanyl required a longer amount of time until the first meal. Vomiting and fever occurred similarly in both sedation regimens with a low incidence. There was no difference in parents’ preferences regarding the two sedation regimens.
Dizziness Symptoms, Balance Confidence, and Vestibular Function in Older Women Reporting Dizziness and Unsteadiness

Objective: The aim of this article is to evaluate older women who report dizziness on a daily or weekly basis, but not seeking medical care for their problems, for levels of patient-reported outcome measures related to dizziness, balance confidence, vestibular impairment, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo walking speed, Timed Up and Go (TUG), balance confidence, depression, and anxiety. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Secondary referral center. Patients: Patients coming for bone density measurements answered questions regarding occurrence of dizziness. Women reporting dizziness on a daily or weekly basis were considered eligible and invited for investigation at the Ear, Nose, and Throat clinic at Södra Älvsborg Hospital, Sweden. Main Outcome Measure: Patients completed the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and were investigated with the video Head Impulse Test, for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, walking speed, and TUG test. Results: Fifty-two female patients were enrolled. Associations were found between high levels of DHI and high distress due to dizziness, and low levels of balance confidence and reduced walking speed and TUG test time. Participants with higher DHI levels reported higher levels of both depression and anxiety. No associations were found between levels of DHI and results on vestibular tests. Conclusion: Women reporting higher levels of distress due to dizziness had reduced walking speed and reported less balance confidence and higher levels of anxiety and depression. The findings support the theory that DHI captures aspects of overall self-rated wellbeing and function rather than structural vestibular deficits.