Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Establishing and Verifying a Robust Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method to Simultaneously Measure Seven Androgens Present in Plasma Samples

Objectives: To develop a robust liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method to simultaneously measure seven human plasma androgens, namely testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androstenedione (A4), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KetoT), and 11β-hydroxytestosterone (11β-OHT). Design and Methods: Plasma was extracted via a solid phase extraction method, and the analytical performance of the assay was validated according to the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Overall, 73 apparently healthy volunteers were recruited to evaluate the distribution of these seven androgens; their levels in 25 females with acne and 33 obese females were also evaluated. Results: The developed method exhibited a good precision, with the total coefficient variations (CV) and the intra-assay CVs being within 10%. Furthermore, the recoveries of T, DHT, A4, DHEA, DHEAS, 11-KetoT, and 11β-OHT were 90.3–105.8, 88.7–98.1, 92.4–102.5, 90.5–106.7, 87.6–99.9, 93.3–105.3, and 90.2–104.4%, respectively, and no significant matrix effect was observed after internal standard correction (<20%). Moreover, the limits of quantification were 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.10, 5.00, 0.02, and 0.02 ng/mL for T, DHT, A4, DHEA, DHEAS, 11-KetoT, and 11β-OHT, respectively, which are adequate for their accurate measurement in human plasma samples. It was also determined that patients diagnosed with acne had significantly higher levels of DHT, A4, and DHEAS, while those suffering from obesity had significantly higher levels of T and A4 but lower levels of DHT. Conclusions: A robust LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of seven androgens in plasma samples was successfully established and validated, which plays important roles in clinical application.
EQUILIBRIUM COMPOSITION AND NEUTRINO EMISSIVITY OF INTERACTING QUARK MATTER IN NEUTRON STARS

We show that a detailed treatment of the equilibrium composition of a quark liquid is crucial to the structure evaluation of its neutrino emissivity. We demonstrate that when massive s-quarks are present in cold quark matter, the electron fraction Y/sub e/ vanishes above a finite baryon density n/sub ex/. This results in a vanishing total emissivity at high densities, to lowest order in kT. The phase transition at which s-quarks first appear is also studied in detail. The dependences of the composition and emissivity of quark matter on the strange quark mass m/sub s/ and QCD coupling constant (at neutron star densities) . cap alpha. /sub c/ are calculated. If m/sub s/ is small and strange quarks are at least marginally relativistic, the neutrino emissivity of quark matter may be appreciably lower than has been previously calculated. The implications of our results for neutron star cooling calculations are discussed.
A new PSO-ABC wireless sensor network coverage optimization algorithm

Based on the development of wireless communication technology, wireless sensor network (WSN) composed of micro sensors has been widely used. Aiming at the problems of uneven node distribution and energy consumption in wireless sensor networks, A PSO-ABC hybrid algorithm based on accurate perception model is proposed in this paper. The algorithm takes network coverage and energy consumption of sensor node deployment as objective optimization functions, introduces virtual force -- Molecular force, and adaptively adjusts the inertia weight of the algorithm, which can significantly improve the diversity of particles and network coverage. The communication of information by PSO-ABC makes it as efficient as possible to jump out of the local optimality and improves the convergence accuracy of the algorithm. Information exchange mechanism is used to exchange search information to avoid local optimization. On this basis, our objective optimization is to improve network coverage and reduce energy costs. By using the proposed PSO-ABC hybrid algorithm to search for the optimal deployment scheme of nodes, coverage blind areas and coverage redundancy in the network can be significantly avoided.
Sample based 3D face reconstruction from a single frontal image by adaptive locally linear embedding

In this paper, we propose a highly automatic approach for 3D photorealistic face reconstruction from a single frontal image. The key point of our work is the implementation of adaptive manifold learning approach. Beforehand, an active appearance model (AAM) is trained for automatic feature extraction and adaptive locally linear embedding (ALLE) algorithm is utilized to reduce the dimensionality of the 3D database. Then, given an input frontal face image, the corresponding weights between 3D samples and the image are synthesized adaptively according to the AAM selected facial features. Finally, geometry reconstruction is achieved by linear weighted combination of adaptively selected samples. Radial basis function (RBF) is adopted to map facial texture from the frontal image to the reconstructed face geometry. The texture of invisible regions between the face and the ears is interpolated by sampling from the frontal image. This approach has several advantages: (1) Only a single frontal face image is needed for highly automatic face reconstruction; (2) Compared with former works, our reconstruction approach provides higher accuracy; (3) Constraint based RBF texture mapping provides natural appearance for reconstructed face.
Proposed Safety Guidelines for Patient Assistants in an Open MRI Environment

The wide-open side of an open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system allows a patient to easily contact the patient assistant during MRI scans. A wide-open-shaped magnet is highly effective when interventional procedures are necessary. Patient assistants can provide comfort by holding a part of the patient’s body. Because current regulations or guidelines are concerned with only patient radio frequency (RF) safety, investigations on the safety of patient assistants exposed to high-magnetic field MRI (up to 1.2 T) are required. In this study, five different poses of patient assistants were numerically simulated at a 1.2 T open MRI system to determine the impact of poses on the RF exposure level. The 10-g averaged specific absorption rate (SAR) levels were analyzed for the poses of each patient assistant wearing gloves. Compared with the patient, up to 29.8% of the patient SAR was observed in the patient assistant. When the patient assistant wore latex gloves, a 63.7% reduction in the 10-g averaged SAR level was observed, which could be a remedy to minimize possible RF hazards. To prevent possible RF hazards during MRI scans, certain clauses regarding the patient assistant’s poses or wearing gloves must be added to the existing MRI screening forms.
Explore or exploit? Unpacking the situational conditions and cognitive mechanisms underlying entrepreneurial learning in the new venture development process

ABSTRACT This study explores when and why entrepreneurs choose entrepreneurial learning strategies that emphasize exploration or exploitation. Most studies have focused on explaining the different characteristics of exploration and exploitation, their performance implications, whether they are complementarities or substitutes and how particular organizational structures can support their coexistence. We apply a process design building on four research-based spinoffs observing how changes in entrepreneurs’ choices of exploration and exploitation occur as they identify and adopt a viable configuration for their ventures. In this study, we develop a theoretical model that reveals the situational conditions and mechanisms underlying entrepreneurs’ learning choices and highlights different knowledge typologies and competence gaps that new venture teams need to fill when dealing with uncertainties and performance errors.
Environmental Monitoring: A Comprehensive Review on Optical Waveguide and Fiber-Based Sensors

Globally, there is active development of photonic sensors incorporating multidisciplinary research. The ultimate objective is to develop small, low-cost, sensitive, selective, quick, durable, remote-controllable sensors that are resistant to electromagnetic interference. Different photonic sensor designs and advances in photonic frameworks have shown the possibility to realize these capabilities. In this review paper, the latest developments in the field of optical waveguide and fiber-based sensors which can serve for environmental monitoring are discussed. Several important topics such as toxic gas, water quality, indoor environment, and natural disaster monitoring are reviewed.
A Pilot Study on Attentional Focus in Prescribing Physical Exercise in Outpatients with Obesity

This pilot study compared the effects of two attentional focus strategies on fitness parameters and body composition in outpatients with obesity. This was a randomized, controlled study that enrolled 94 obese individuals and allocated them into an internal focus group (IF) or an external focus group (EF) while performing six weeks of a home-based training program. The home-based exercise program was the same for both groups except for the instructions that shifted the attention to an external or an internal condition. At the beginning and after the intervention period, participants were assessed for functional performance using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), body balance using the Modified Balance Error Scoring System (M-BESS) and muscular strength with the Handgrip Strength Test (HST) and the Five-Repetition Sit-To-Stand (FRSTS) test. Concerning body composition and anthropometric parameters, the body mass index (BMI) and fat mass percentage (FM%) were calculated. Significant improvements, main interactions and effects of time and groups were highlighted in the EF group as compared to the IF group in FMS (35% vs. 21%), M-BESS (42% vs. 18%), HST (13% vs. 7%) and FRSTS (23% vs. 12%) measures, while FM% (5%) and BMI (6% vs. 5%) showed a similar improvement overtime (p < 0.001). In conclusion, our findings provide initial evidence that a 6-week training program performed following external focus instruction is able to promote significant enhancements in movement efficiency, balance and muscular strength as compared to an internal focus cue. Fitness coaches and therapists might consider integrating a specific attentional focus strategy when designing rehabilitation programs in subjects with obesity.
Contribution to the Improvement of the Correlation Filter Method for Modal Analysis with a Spatial Light Modulator

Modal decomposition of light is essential to study propagation properties of waveguides and photonic devices. Modal analysis can be carried out by implementing a computer generated hologram acting as a match filter in a spatial light modulator. In this work, a series of aspects to be taken into account in order to get the most out of this method are presented, aiming to provide operational procedures. First of all, the influence of the mode normalization in the complex amplitude encoding inherent noise is investigated. Then, a method for filter size adjustment based on the LP-modes symmetry is presented. Finally, a robust method to measure the phase difference between modes is proposed. These procedures are tested by wavefront reconstruction in a conventional few mode fiber.
Output coupling for an atom laser by state change

We calculate the spectrum of a beam of atoms output from a single mode atomic cavity. The output coupling uses an internal state change to an untrapped state. We present an analytical solution for the output energy spectrum from a broadband coupler of this type. An example of such an output coupler, which we discuss in detail uses a Raman transition to produce a non-trapped state.
Clustering Thematic Information in Social Media

The constant growth in the number of users of the Internet and the improvement in technical capabilities of communications allow the use of various tools for the rapid notification of the population about the events occurring in the world. Depending on the type of source, models of information dissemination differ. When analyzing the information it is necessary to determine the relationship of signal distribution channels, determination of the primary source, etc. The article examines the dissemination of information messages in open networks using messages on religious topics using visual analytics. The paper specifies the ways to identify the messages of the required topic, as well as the visualization of the content. For topic modelling Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is used. The applicability of various dimensionality reduction and clustering algorithms for the interpretation of clustering results is considered. The developed methods can be scaled to analyze information events in different thematic areas.
Brown Dwarfs in the Pleiades Cluster Confirmed by the Lithium Test

We present Keck Observatory 10 m telescope spectra of the two Pleiades brown dwarfs, Teide 1 and Calar 3, showing a clear detection of the Li 670.8 nm resonance line. In Teide 1, we have also obtained evidence for the presence of the subordinate line at 812.6 nm. A high Li abundance [log N(Li) ≥ 2.5], consistent with little if any depletion, is inferred from the observed lines. Since Pleiades brown dwarfs are unable to burn Li, the significant preservation of this fragile element confirms the substellar nature of our two objects. Regardless of their age, their low luminosities and Li content place Teide 1 and Calar 3 comfortably in the genuine brown dwarf realm. Given the probable age of the Pleiades cluster, their masses are estimated at 55 ± 15 MJ.
Assisted inflation

In inﬂationary scenarios with more than one scalar ﬁeld, inﬂation may proceed even if each of the individual ﬁelds has a potential too steep for that ﬁeld to sustain inﬂation on its own. We show that scalar ﬁelds with exponential potentials evolve so as to act cooperatively to assist inﬂation, by ﬁnding solutions in which the energy densities of the diﬀerent scalar ﬁelds evolve in ﬁxed proportion. Such scaling solutions exist for an arbitrary number of scalar ﬁelds, with diﬀerent slopes for the exponential potentials, and we show that these solutions are the unique late-time attractors for the evolution. We determine the density perturbation spectrum produced by such a period of inﬂation, and show that with multiple scalar ﬁelds the spectrum is closer to the scale-invariant than the spectrum that any of the ﬁelds would generate individually.
Extended Lyα emission from a damped Ly α absorber at z=1.93, and the relation between damped Ly α absorbers and Lyman-break galaxies

The number of damped Lyα absorbers (DLAs) currently known is about 100, but our knowledge of their sizes and morphologies is still very sparse, as very few have been detected in emission. Here we present narrow-band and broad-band observations of a DLA in the field of the quasar pair Q0151+048A (qA) and Q0151+048B (qB). These two quasars have very similar redshifts, zem=1.922 and 1.937 respectively, and an angular separation of 3.27 arcsec. The spectrum of qA contains a DLA at zabs = 1.9342 (close to the emission redshift) which shows an emission line in the trough, detected at 4σ. Our narrow-band image confirms this detection, and we find Lyα emission from an extended area covering 6 × 3 arcsec2, corresponding to 25 × 12 h-2 kpc2 (q0=0.5, H0 = 100 h km s-1). The total Lyα luminosity from the DLA is 1.2 × 1043h-2 erg s-1, which is several times higher than the Lyα luminosity found from other DLAs. The narrow-band image also indicates that qB is not covered by the DLA. This fact, together with the large equivalent width of the emission line from the Lyα cloud, the large luminosity, and the ∼ 300 km s-1 blueshift relative to the DLA, can plausibly be explained if qB is the source of ionizing photons, lying to the near side of the DLA at a distance from the DLA of <20 h-1 kpc. In this case the size of the emission-line region corresponds to the area over which the cloud is optically thick, i.e., is indicative of the size of a Lyman-limit system. We also consider the relation between DLAs and Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs). If DLAs are gaseous discs surrounding LBGs, and if the apparent brightnesses and impact parameters of the few identified DLAs are representative of the brighter members of the population, then the luminosity distribution of DLAs is nearly flat, and we would expect that some 70 per cent of the galaxy counterparts to DLAs at z≈ 3 are fainter than mR=28.
Corrosion Resistance Enhancement in Acidic solution for Austenitic Stainless Steel by Gas-Phase Hybrid Deposition Process

: In acidic environments the corrosion rate of stainless steels is considered high, this is due to pitting occurrence in concentrated chloride environments. The Austenitic steels such as type 316 stainless steel generally not recommended for Hydrochloric acid storage in petroleum planets except when solutions are very dilute and at room temperature, otherwise pitting may occur. In this work, a multicomponent coating (Ti-B-N-C) was deposited on the austenitic stainless steels (AISI 316) that used in petroleum industry. The coating process has been achieved by mixed vapor deposition technique; this was done in attempt to improve the resistance to pitting corrosion for austenitic stainless steels surface. The structural characterization for the deposited Ti-Base coating was done by using XRD technique, and the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical corrosion tests have been performed by using electrochemical test in 0.25M hydrochloric acid (HCl) as an aqueous solution at 22˚C to obtain the anodic polarization curves for the coated surfaces. Several interesting observations have been made During the test. As expected, the surface of the AISI 316 suffers from a sudden increase in the current density at the potential above 1500 mV due to the occurrence of pitting corrosion. In addition, the Ti-B-C-N coating surfaces show great future in reducing the current density of the steel surface in the anodic region, indicating improved pitting resistance for all Ti-based coating samples. No evidence for pitting corrosion was observed in the coated surfaces during electrochemical test even at potentials up to 2000 mV, instead, general corrosion was observed for the samples that was deposited at 750 ˚ C since low potential values was observed for these samples .
A Critical Review on the Feasibility of Synthetic Polymers Inclusion in Enhancing the Geotechnical Behavior of Soils

Polymers have attracted widespread interest as soil stabilizers and are proposed as an ecologically acceptable means for enhancing the geotechnical properties of soils. They have found profound applications in diverse fields such as the food industry, textile, medicine, agriculture, construction, and many more. Various polymers are proven to increase soil shear strength, improve volume stability, promote water retention, and prevent erosion, at extremely low concentrations within soils through the formation of a polymer membrane around the soil particles upon hydration. The purpose of this work is to provide an overview of existing research on synthetic polymers for soil improvement. A fundamental evaluation of many synthetic polymers used in soil stabilization is provided, Furthermore, the impact of different polymer types on the geotechnical parameters of treated soil was assessed and compared. Limiting factors like polymer durability and the effect of changing climatic conditions on the engineering behavior of the polymer-treated soils have been critically reviewed. The dominant mechanisms responsible for the alteration in the behavior of polymer-soil admixture are reviewed and discussed. This review article will allow practicing engineers to better understand the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of targeted polymers before employing them in real-field scenarios for better long-term performance
Physical conditions of the molecular gas in metal-poor galaxies

Studying the molecular component of the interstellar medium (ISM) in metal-poor galaxies has been challenging because of the faintness of carbon monoxide emission, the most common proxy of H2. Here we present new detections of molecular gas at low metallicities, and assess the physical conditions in the gas through various CO transitions for 8 galaxies. For one, NGC 1140 (Z/Z⊙ 0.3), two detections of 13CO isotopologues and atomic carbon, [Ci](1-0) and an upper limit for HCN(1-0) are also reported. After correcting to a common beam size, we compared 12CO(2-1)/12CO(1-0) (R21) and 12CO(3-2)/12CO(1-0) (R31) line ratios of our sample with galaxies from the literature and find that only NGC 1140 shows extreme values (R21 R31 2). Fitting physical models to the 12CO and 13CO emission in NGC 1140 suggests that the molecular gas is cool (kinetic temperature Tkin ≲ 20 K), dense (H2 volume density nH2 ≳ 106 cm-3), with moderate CO column density (NCO 1016 cm-2) and low filling factor. Surprisingly, the [12CO]/[13CO] abundance ratio in NGC 1140 is very low ( 8-20), lower even than the value of 24 found in the Galactic Center. The young age of the starburst in NGC 1140 precludes 13CO enrichment from evolved intermediate-mass stars; instead we attribute the low ratio to charge-exchange reactions and fractionation, because of the enhanced efficiency of these processes in cool gas at moderate column densities. Fitting physical models to 12CO and [Ci](1-0) emission in NGC 1140 gives an unusually low [12CO]/[12C] abundance ratio, suggesting that in this galaxy atomic carbon is at least 10 times more abundant than 12CO. Based on observations carried out with the IRAM 30 m and the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX). IRAM is supported by the INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany), and IGN (Spain), and APEX is a collaboration between the Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie, the European Southern Observatory, and the Onsala Space Observatory.
On Oceanic Initial State Errors in the Ensemble Data Assimilation for a Coupled General Circulation Model

In the construction of an ensemble‐based data assimilation system for a complex fully coupled general circulation model (CGCM), the model state errors at initial time of assimilation have an important influence on assimilation quality. In this study, with the Community Earth System Model (CESM) and Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART), we found that the influence of initial states errors persists throughout a vicious cycle and cannot be automatically remedied via consequent assimilations. As such, two strategies were applied to alleviate the initial state errors, and a reliable assimilation system was developed. Data assimilation experiments using oceanic observations were conducted over the period from 2005 to 2014 to investigate the impact of these different strategies. The evaluation revealed that the assimilation of observation‐derived climatological data is an effective approach to reduce initial state errors and preserve the balance between different variables to the largest extent, which significantly improved the performance of the assimilation system in the investigated time period. It was further found that the developed assimilation system can produce high‐quality oceanic analysis results comparable to the ECDA and GODAS, two widely used reanalysis products. Perspectives toward further improvement of coupled data assimilation are also outlined.