Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INVERSE PARK TRANSFORMATION USING CORDIC AND PHASE-LOCKED LOOP

Faster and precise solution of inverse Park transformation is required to reach the optimal efficiency and steadiness of the servo drive. The main problem in presenting such solution lies in completing the transformation within a limited clock cycles as well as execution time. One of the options could be to implement the overall transformation algorithm into field programmable gate array (FPGA) for reducing the execution time significantly. This research presents a fully integrated solution of inverse Park transformation by incorporating Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC), Arithmetic and Phase-locked Loop (PLL) modules. The result shows that the proposed FPGA performance is required only 68ns of execution time for operating frequency of 30 MHz and accuracy of 99.9%, which is the lowest computational cycle for the era.
Improved Design and Dynamic Simulation of High Aspect Ratio Folding Wings

Folding wings of UAV may lead to high bending and torsion deformation under flight load. In order to solve the problem, an improved folding wing mechanism is proposed, which makes support mechanism stiffness become enough big. By means of CATIA and ADAMS, a virtual prototype is set up, which can simulate dynamics of the deployment mechanism. Therefore the relationship among deployment time and friction coefficient and tension is arrived. Meanwhile finite element analysis is made on folding wing with support structure and without support structure by MSC.Nastran. And the results show that the stiffness and strength change obviously. Simulation results have a certain guiding significance for practical engineering application.
LIGHTNING LOCATION SYSTEMS (LLS)

Nowadays various techniques are employed to locate lightning activity over large areas. Electric and/or magnetic field sensors in the VLF, LF and VHF frequency ranges measure the lightning radiated electromagnetic fields. For locating ground strike points magnetic direction finding (MDF), time-of-arrival (TOA), or a combination of both (MDF+TOA) is employed. Major difference between those techniques is the minimum number of sensor required to calculate a stroke location. Network configuration (mean baseline between sensors, network geometry) and the type of sensors employed strongly affect the achievable detection efficiency (DE) and the resulting peak current distribution. Normally it is the strokes with small peak currents that are missed by lower DE networks and this results in a bias of the peak current distribution to higher values. In this paper we present some results of model calculations and performance evaluation of a LLS based on directly measured lightning to an instrumented tower in Austria.
Characteristics of two tsunamis generated by successive Mw 7.4 and Mw 8.1 earthquakes in Kermadec Islands on March 4, 2021

Abstract. On March 4, 2021, two tsunamigenic earthquakes (Mw 7.4 and Mw 8.1) occurred successively within 2 h in Kermadec Islands. We examined sea level records at tide gauges located at ~100 km to ~2,000 km from the epicenters, conducted Fourier and Wavelet analyses as well as numerical modelling of both tsunamis. Fourier analyses indicated that the energy of the first tsunami is mainly distributed in the period range of 5–17 min, whereas it is 8–28 min for the second tsunami. Wavelet plots showed that the oscillation of the first tsunami continued even after the arrival of the second tsunami. As the epicenters of two earthquakes are close (~ 55 km), we reconstructed the source spectrum of the second tsunami by using the first tsunami as the empirical Green’s function. The main spectral peaks are 25.6 min, 16.0 min, and 9.8 min. The results are similar to those calculated using tsunami/background ratio method and also consistent with source models.
Design of super wideband hexagonal‐shaped fractal antenna with triangular slot

A hexagonal‐shaped fractal antenna with triangular slot for super wideband (SWB) application is presented. The proposed antenna has total size of 20 × 33.4 × 1.57 mm3.The proposed antenna is designed of iterations of triangular slot on a hexagonal metallic patch with tapered microstrip line feed. A combination of semicircular and rectangular shaped partial ground plane is used to achieve a super wide bandwidth from 3 to 35 GHz with bandwidth ratio of 11.6:1. The antenna design, simulation and optimization are performed using IE3D Full Wave Electromagnetic Simulator. The proposed antenna is compact and has stable radiation pattern. The simulation and measured results are compared to demonstrate the performance of proposed antenna. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1659–1662, 2015
Lagrange Multiplier-Based Optimization Control for Distribution Power Loss Minimization of Islanded Three-Phase AC Microgrids

In this paper, the distribution power loss of islanded three-phase AC microgrids comprising both line loss and power converter loss is modelled as a quadratic function of current allocation coefficients, which is a convex function with constraints. On basis of convex optimization theory, the optimal current allocation coefficients of distributed energy resources (DERs) for distribution loss minimization are on-line calculated by Lagrange multiplier method. By adopting the average reactive power sharing scheme, the proposed control strategy is can obtain the optimal power allocation coefficients for minimizing the distribution power loss of AC microgrids in real time. Then, an improved adaptive droop control strategy is proposed to allocate output active power and reactive power of DERs for achieving the given current-sharing rate. In this way, the real-time efficiency optimization control of AC microgrid can be realized, regardless of line resistance and load variations. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is validated by simulation-based case studies.
Hybridized Wrapper Filter Using Deep Neural Network for Intrusion Detection

Huge data over the cloud computing and big data are processed over the network. The data may be stored, send, altered and communicated over the network between the source and destination. Once data send by source to destination, before reaching the destination data may be attacked by any intruders over the network. The network has numerous routers and devices to connect to internet. Intruders may attack any were in the network and breaks the original data, secrets. Detection of attack in the network became interesting task for many researchers. There are many intrusion detection feature selection algorithm has been suggested which lags on performance and accuracy. In our article we propose new IDS feature selection algorithm with higher accuracy and performance in detecting the intruders. The combination of wrapper filtering method using Pearson correlation with recursion function is used to eliminate the unwanted features. This feature extraction process clearly extracts the attacked data. Then the deep neural network is used for detecting intruders attack over the data in the network. This hybrid machine learning algorithm in feature extraction process helps to find attacked information using recursive function. Performance of proposed method is compared with existing solution. The traditional feature selection in IDS such as differential equation (DE), Gain ratio (GR), symmetrical uncertainty (SU) and artificial bee colony (ABC) has less accuracy than proposed PCRFE. The experimented results are shown that our proposed PCRFE-CDNN gives 99% of accuracy in IDS feature selection process and 98% in sensitivity.
Flux Distribution Delivered by a Fresnel Lens Used for Concentrating Solar Energy

The flux distribution delivered by a Fresnel lens when concentrating solar energy is characterized. The flux is measured with a Si photo-detector equipped with an integrating sphere. Flux mapping is performed by scanning lines at discrete positions on one plane. The peak concentration is determined as well as the distribution of the flux density in 3-D inside the focal area. Future utilization of this Fresnel lens for solar processing and surface modifications of materials is discussed. The analysis is made on the basis of the optical characteristics of the device and of the results of previous works in the same field. The size of the focus and the peak flux density are key parameters for examining the candidate processing and for discussing the dimensions of the treated components.
Intelligent maintenance model for condition assessment of circuit breakers using fuzzy set theory and evidential reasoning

This paper proposes a circuit breaker (CB) condition assessment model which combines the fuzzy set theory, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and evidential reasoning (ER). Four assessment factors, that is, (i) electrical characteristics, (ii) mechanical characteristics, (iii) insulation characteristics and (iv) miscellaneous factors, are selected as the condition parameters. A hierarchical assessment index system is constructed based on preventive tests data, intelligent electronic device monitoring data, maintenance data and operating environment. The inputted condition parameters indices are processed by the membership functions of a fuzzy distribution to obtain relative impairment grades which represent the relative grade of the CB condition towards the fault. The weights of the CB condition factors and indices are generated by the AHP based on experts’ interviews and feedbacks, and the final assessment is determined by ER according to the decision factors combined. An intelligent maintenance model is built with field examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in assessing the CB operation conditions.
La medición de la eficiencia de la función mantenimiento a través de KPIs financieros

The measurement of the performance in the maintenance function has produced large sets of indicators that due to their nature and disparity in criteria and objectives have been grouped in different subsets lately, emphasizing the set of financial indicators. To generate these indicators properly is necessary to have accurate input data. Hence in this paper we propose a comprehensive model of consensus between the different stakeholders involved in the maintenance function. This will bring about the accurate determination of the maintenance costs of an organization.
The Road to the Next Generation Power Module - 100% Solder Free Design

The reliability of classical power modules with various solder interfaces is not sufficient to meet the demand of progressive applications in power electronics. Technologies were developed in the last decade to improve the reliability. The elimination of the base plate prevents the solder fatigue failure in the substrate solder layer and permits the implementation of arbitrary ceramic materials. Spring contacts and pressure contacts replace soldered terminals. Diffusion sintering substitutes the chip solder layer. The combination of these technologies leads to a module architecture without any solder layer that has the potential to exceed the reliability limits of classic modules.
Electricity from Biomass and Hydroelectric Development Projects in Turkey

The aim of biomass development projects is to identify whether it is possible to utilize biomass in the energy production sector, by substituting a portion of conventional fuel by biomass, to perform combined combustion. Electricity production from biomass has been found to be a promising method in the nearest future. Turkey's annual biomass potential is 117 million tons or 32 Mtoe. The future of biomass electricity generation lies in biomass integrated gasification/gas turbine technology, which offers high-energy conversion efficiencies. The major research and developments of the biomass power industry are focusing on gasifier scale-up, system analysis and site-specific commercial feasibility studies. Turkey has a total gross hydropower potential of 433 GW, but only 125 GW of the total hydroelectric potential of Turkey can be economically used. By the commissioning of new hydropower plants, which are under construction, 36% of the economically usable potential of the country would be tapped.
Human-in-the-Loop Based Named Entity Recognition

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a challenging issue in Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, and has drawn much attention from industry and academia. At present, with the incessant evolution of Deep Neural Network (DNN) model, it has been widely used in NER tasks. However, DNN models heavily depend on a large amount of annotated training samples, and these models will show certain limitations when applied to domain-specific tasks. In this paper, a Human-in-the-loop based NER (H-NER) approach is proposed from the perspective of human-machine collaboration. In particular, interactive operations allow users to quickly annotate samples and verify the accuracy of annotated samples, and NER model will be updated iteratively based on progressively increased training samples. Experimental results show that this approach can effectively reduce the task load of annotation, and reach or even exceed the existing sample selection strategies in performance indicators such as F1-score (entity-level) and Accuracy (sentence-level). Furthermore, this approach will expand the serviceable range of NER and greatly improve its applicability.
Theory And Applications Of Delta-Sigma Analogue-To-Digital Converters Without Negative Feedback

Analog-to-digital converters play a crucial role in modern audio and communication design. Conventional Nyquist converters are suitable only for medium resolutions and require analog components that are precise and highly immune to noise and interference. In contrast, oversampling converters can achieve high resolutions (>20bits) and can be implemented using straightforward, high-tolerance analog components. In conventional oversampled modulators, negative feedback is applied in order to control the dynamic behavior of a system and to realize the attenuation of the quantization noise in the signal band due to noise shaping. However, feedback can also introduce undesirable effects such as limit cycles, jitter problems in continuous-time topologies, and infinite impulse responses. Additionally, it increases the system complexity due to extra circuit components such as nonlinear multi-bit digital-to-analog converters in the feedback path. Moreover, in certain applications such as wireless, biomedical sensory, or microphone implementations feedback cannot be applied. As a result, the main goal of this thesis is to develop sigma-delta data converters without feedback. Various new delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter topologies are explored their mathematical models are presented. Simulations are carried out to validate these models and to show performance results. Specifically, two topologies, a first-order and a second-order oscillator-based delta-sigma modulator without feedback are described in detail. They both can be implemented utilizing VCOs and standard digital gates, thus requiring only few components. As proof of concept, two digital microphones based on these delta-sigma converters without feedback were implemented and experimental results are given. These results show adequate performance and provide a new approach of measuring.
Technical innovations for small-scale producers and households to process wet cassava peels into high quality animal feed ingredients and aflasafe™ substrate

Nigeria, the world’s largest producer of cassava, harvests 54 million metric tonnes (Mt) of cassava tubers annually. More than 95 per cent of its uses require peeling which generates up to 14 Mt of waste annually; mostly due to challenges related to drying. Sun drying is practically impossible during the wet season and it takes 2–3 days in the dry season to reduce the moisture content of fresh peels from about 60 per cent to 20 per cent or less – a marketable state. This is a report on a multi-centre and multi-disciplinary research work (in its early stages) to better utilize the waste. Ongoing work is showing great potential and has so far dramatically reduced cassava peels moisture content to 12–15 per cent within six sunshine hours using only equipment in current use by small-scale processors and households. The considerably shorter processing ensures high-quality products, low in aflatoxins contamination. Also, in a small sample experiment, when compared to sorghum grains currently being used for the .
The Botball Educational Robotics Program: Engineering outreach for middle school, high school and college students

This paper will describe the Botball Educational Robotics Program, an engineering outreach program that uses the activities of designing, building, and programming robots to engage students in the fields of engineering, science, technology, and math. Botball was originally designed for middle and high school students, but a collegiate division was added last year to allow students to continue their involvement after graduation and to give university students a hands-on engineering and computer programming project. A recent study shows that about one-third of the middle and high school Botball students surveyed felt that participating in Botball had influenced their career choice; and of those who were influenced, ninety-four percent decided to pursue a career in a technical or engineering field. A discussion of how colleges and universities are using Botball as an engineering outreach and recruiting tool is included.
Preoperative Evaluation of Central Lymph Nodes in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Using High-Resolution Ultrasound and Shear-Wave Elastography

Abstract The aim of this study was to discuss the diagnostic value of high-resolution ultrasound and virtual touch tissue imaging quantification (VTIQ) for distinguishing metastatic and benign central lymph nodes (CLNs) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. This retrospective study involved 86 pathologically proven benign lymph nodes (LNs) and 118 metastatic LNs in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. We analyzed the sonographic features of CLNs (size, shape, distribution, hilum, echogenicity, cystic change, calcification, vascularity, shear-wave velocity [SWV]). The prevalence of sonographic features and the SWV was compared between metastatic and benign CLNs. The size, shape, margin, distribution, presence of hilum, echogenicity, calcification, and vascularity were significantly different between benign and metastatic CLNs (P < 0.05 for all). The mean maximum SWV for malignant CLNs was 3.139 ± 0.408 m/s, whereas that of benign CLNs was 2.418 ± 0.369 m/s (P < 0.05). The cutoff point of the SWV for differentiating benign and malignant LNs was 2.675 m/s. Logistic regression analysis showed that round or irregular shape, aggregation or fusion, calcification, and VTIQ value greater than 2.675 m/s of CLNs were independent risk factors for malignancy, with an odds ratio of 5.77, 3.05, 3.23, and 62.85, respectively. High-resolution ultrasound and VTIQ can provide valuable information for distinguishing metastatic from benign CLNs.
Bubble of nothing decays of unstable theories

Theories with compact extra dimensions are sometimes unstable to decay into a bubble of nothing -- an instability resulting in the destruction of spacetime. We investigate the existence of these bubbles in theories where the moduli fields that set the size of the extra dimensions are stabilized at a positive vacuum energy -- a necessary ingredient of any theory that aspires to describe the real world. Using bottom-up methods, and focusing on a five-dimensional toy model, we show that four-dimensional de Sitter vacua admit bubbles of nothing for a wide class of stabilizing potentials. We show that, unlike ordinary Coleman-De Luccia tunneling, the corresponding decay rate remains non-zero in the limit of vanishing vacuum energy. Potential implications include a lower bound on the size of compactified dimensions.
Jitter and Phase Noise in Ring Oscillators

A companion analysis of clock jitter and phase noise of single-ended and differential ring oscillators is presented. The impulse sensitivity functions are used to derive expressions for the litter and phase noise of ring oscillators. The effect of the number of stages, power dissipation, frequency of oscillation. and shortchannel etleds on the jitter and phase noise of ring oscillators is analyzed. Jitter and pbase noise due to substrate and supply noise is discussed, and the effect of symmetry on the upconversion of 1/ f noise is demonstrated. Several new design insights are given for low jitter/phase-noise design. Good agreement between theory and measurements is observed.
Which Biologic Therapies to Treat Active Rheumatoid Arthritis and When?

Biological disease-modifying anti-arthritis drugs (bDMARD) have transformed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment and allowed many patients to reach clinical remission. With the huge growth in the development of different bDMARDs, there is now a need to decide on which treatment should be prescribed to achieve optimal patient outcomes. Decisions are made by weighing up the comparative efficacy of each agent against risks, namely the risk of bacterial infections. The most powerful tools for investigating the comparative efficacy of bDMARDs are head-to-head trials that directly compare one therapy to another; however, very few trials of this type exist. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of RA calls for consideration of the comparative efficacy of therapies on an individual basis. Many studies have found associations between specific biomarkers and response to different bDMARDs to enable stratification of patient groups, although many results have not been reproducible in different cohorts. Combining predictors to create models of treatment response may be the ultimate key to finding reliable biomarkers with enough predictive power to enable a personalised medicine approach to treating RA in the clinic.
Prevalence of Planned Abdominal Binder Use after Vaginal Delivery

Abdominal binder use immediately postpartum is prevalent among women on the Texas–Mexico border, with the majority of women planning to initiate use within 2 days after delivery. The reasons for use include appearance, support, pain, swelling, weight loss, and recommendations. The benefits and risks of use are unknown and further research is needed. Objectives Pregnancy and vaginal delivery are risk factors for pelvic floor dysfunction. Abdominal binder use may increase intraabdominal pressure, affecting pelvic floor healing or function in recently traumatized postpartum pelvic floor muscle. This study assesses the prevalence of postpartum abdominal binder use, timing, and reasons for use. Methods In this cross-sectional observational survey study, women who underwent a vaginal delivery at our institution were enrolled. Participants were excluded if they did not speak Spanish or English. Participants were recruited on the postpartum unit. Data were deidentified and analyzed as appropriate for each variable. Results In total, 673 surveys were completed. Seven were excluded because they had cesarean deliveries. The average age was 26 years. Median gravidity and parity were 2 and 2. In total, 549 women (82%) planned to wear an abdominal binder postpartum. In all, 335 women provided a specific time when they would start use: 240 women (71%) would start at ≤2 days postpartum, 60 women (18%) would start at 3 to 7 days postpartum, and 35 women (11%) would start after 1 week postpartum. Common reasons reported for use included appearance, support, pain, swelling, weight loss, and recommendation. Conclusions Among women delivering at our institution, planned abdominal binder use postvaginal delivery is common. The reasons cited include health and desire to return to prior body shape. The effects of using an abdominal binder in the postpartum period are unknown. More research is needed to better elucidate how increased postpartum intraabdominal pressure affects healing in traumatized pelvic floor muscles.