Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensing-Communication Coexistence vs. Integration

The design options of sensing-communication coexistence (SCC) vs. integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) relying on non-orthogonal downlink transmission (NO-DLT) and transmit antenna selection are investigated. To be practical, both realistic residual hardware impairments (RHI) and imperfect successive interference cancellation are considered. The performance of the SCC and ISAC NO-DLT frameworks is characterized by deriving both the exact and the asymptotic outage probabilities (OPs) as well as the probability of successful target detection (PoD). Our numerical results demonstrate the accuracy of the theoretical analysis and confirm that: 1) The ISAC NO-DLT framework is superior to the SCC NO-DLT framework both in terms of its OP and PoD; 2) The realistic RHI degrades the S&C performance of both the SCC and ISAC NO-DLT frameworks.
Clarifying Social Robot Expectation Discrepancy: Developing a Framework for Understanding How Users Form Expectations of Social Robots

When engaging with a social robot, people form expectations about the robot that may not align with its real behaviour and abilities. This gap is known as expectation discrepancy, and can confuse and disappoint users. We are developing a framework that can be used to understand and compare instances of expectation discrepancy between robots by considering the sources of those expectations. In doing so, we aim to provide a structure and unified vocabulary that can be used to support description and comparison of robot designs and the expectations users form of them. We have begun by examining theoretical work on expectations in interactions between people, and are working to synthesize this into an initial foundation. We will then refine this into a final social robot expectation framework by conducting a survey of expectation formation and discrepancy in existing social robots and projects.
Mixed Convection Falkner–Skan Flow of a Maxwell Fluid

We performed a study for the effect of Newtonian heating on the nonsimilar mixed convection Falkner―Skan flow of a Maxwell fluid. Transformation procedure is adopted in obtaining the ordinary differential equations. Homotopic approach is adopted for the series solutions of velocity and temperature. Special emphasis is given to the effects of Prandtl number (Pr) and conjugate parameter (γ) which measure the strength of surface heating. It is observed that temperature and heat transfer rate are enhanced by increasing the conjugate parameter.
Report on the 1st Workshop on Reaching Efficiency in Neural Information Retrieval (ReNeuIR 2022) at SIGIR 2022

As Information Retrieval (IR) researchers, we not only develop algorithmic solutions to hard problems, but we also insist on a proper, multifaceted evaluation of ideas. The IR literature on the fundamental topic of retrieval and ranking, for instance, has a rich history of studying the effectiveness of indexes, retrieval algorithms, and complex machine learning rankers and, at the same time, quantifying their computational costs, from creation and training to application and inference. This is evidenced, for example, by more than a decade of research on efficient training and inference of large decision forest models in Learning to Rank (LtR). As we move towards even more complex, deep learning models in a wide range of applications, questions on efficiency have once again become relevant with renewed urgency. Indeed, efficiency is no longer limited to time- and space-efficiency; instead it has found new, challenging dimensions that stretch to resource-, sample- and energy-efficiency with ramifications for researchers, users, and the environment. As a step towards bringing together experts from industry and academia and creating a forum for a critical discussion and the promotion of efficiency in the era of Neural Information Retrieval (NIR), we held the ReNeuIR workshop on July 15th, 2022 as a hybrid event---in person in Madrid, Spain along with online attendees---in conjunction with ACM SIGIR 2022. Recognizing the importance of this topic, approximately 80 participants answered our call and attended the workshop over three sessions. The event included a total of two keynotes and eight paper presentations, and concluded with a lively discussion where participants helped identify gaps in existing research and brainstormed future research directions. We had consensus in recognizing that efficiency is not simply latency, that a holistic, concrete definition of efficiency is needed to guide researchers and reviewers alike, and that more research is necessary in the development of efficiency-centered evaluation metrics and standard benchmark datasets, platforms, and tools. Date: 15 July, 2022. Website: https://ReNeuIR.org.
Exploring Pareto-Optimal Hybrid Main Memory Configurations Using Different Emerging Memories

Main memory system design and corresponding technology requirements have become increasingly challenging for data-dominated high-performance applications. To address the leakage and scalability issues of the conventional DRAM-based memory, new memory technologies with ultra-low leakage and potential for high scalability have been explored extensively over the last decade. However, none of them are mature enough to serve as a drop-in replacement for DRAM. In this paper, we propose a hybrid main memory system solution for utilizing new memory technologies with specific features, based on the target application characteristics and system configurations. To this end, we examine two new memories, 1S-1VCMA and IGZO-based DRAM, along with conventional DRAM in the context of hybrid main memory solutions for high-capacity and low-power Pareto-optimizations, respectively. To better evaluate the power and performance, we consider the page-fault modeling in our evaluations. The results of the simulation show that different combinations of memory technologies in the hybrid memory system, different memory capacities, and different storage systems could provide a promising solution in the system regarding the characteristics of running applications and the requirements of the system.
A Co-Estimation Framework for State of Charge and Parameters of Lithium-Ion Battery With Robustness to Aging and Usage Conditions

Aging and usage conditions affect the battery parameters, such as capacity and changes in the open-circuit voltage (OCV) and internal resistance dependencies on the state of charge (SOC). This article proposes an on-board strategy for the simultaneous estimation of these parameters and their robust evaluation during the battery life. The proposed co-estimation framework consists of a set of interconnected subsystems grounded on the integration of recursive least-squares techniques and a Luenberger-like observer which are independently designed by relying on moving averages of voltage and current measurements. Each subsystem is separately activated through logic variables, which select the operating conditions proper for the estimation purposes and allows tracking of model parameters variations. The effectiveness of the solution is shown over experiments with a cylindrical LG M50 T INR21700 Li-ion cell with NMC cathode and graphite/silicon anode.
Firm Size and tax planning: A test of political power or political cost hypotheses

Taxation is essential in financing government expenditure towards achieving its fiscal goals, among which is the redistribution of wealth. As crucial as tax is to the government, it represents a burden on corporate entities, which has a negative tricycle effect on shareholders' wealth maximisation. To reduce this burden, corporate tax managers have often adopted tax planning strategies; this practice has been a significant bane of government tax revenue performance. Arising from this conflicting interest between corporate taxpayers and the government, this study investigated the dynamic effect of firm size on tax planning. The study used the Generalised Method of Moment for data from 17 purposively selected companies from 2012 to 2017. The result of the finding reveals a significant positive effect of firm size on tax planning, while board size has no significant positive effect. Sales were, however, found to exert a significant negative influence on tax planning. The study concludes that firm Size and sales are the significant drivers of tax planning in Nigeria. The study recommends, among others, that companies should always use tax experts and issue more debt to reduce the tax burden.
Assessment of Clinical Reasoning While Attending Critical Care Postsimulation Reflective Learning Conversation

Background The critical care environment is characterized with a high level of workload, complexity, and risk of committing practice mistakes. To avoid clinical errors, health care professionals should be competent with effective clinical reasoning skills. To develop effective clinical reasoning skills, health care professionals should get the chance to practice and be exposed to different patient experiences. To minimize safety risks to patients and health care professionals, clinical reasoning with a focus on reflective learning conversation opportunities can be practiced in simulated settings. Objectives To explore the most valid and reliable tools to assess clinical reasoning while attending adult critical care–related simulation-based courses in which reflective learning conversations are used. Methods A scoping review was conducted following Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Extension for Scoping Reviews. Eight electronic databases were searched, and full-text review was completed for 26 articles. Results The search resulted in no studies conducted to measure clinical reasoning while attending adult critical care–related, simulation-based courses in which the reflective learning conversation method was embedded. Discussion This highlights the need to evaluate current available clinical reasoning tools or develop new tools within the context of adult critical care simulation where reflective learning forms a key part of the simulation procedures.
An IE‐ODDM Scheme Combined With Efficient Direct Solver for 3D Scattering Problems

An improved scheme of integral equation‐based overlapped domain decomposition method combined with an efficient direct solver based on hierarchical LU (H‐LU) decomposition is proposed for the three‐dimensional (3D) scattering problems. In this scheme, the H‐LU direct method is utilized to solve the self‐impedance matrix equation in each extended subdomain; simultaneously, the multilevel fast multipole algorithm is applied to complete the matrix vector product operation of mutual‐impedance matrix between different subdomains. In the H‐LU operation, a recompressed adaptive cross approximation technique is used to generate the low‐rank approximations of the far‐field matrices. After integrating all the techniques, the proposed scheme is very efficient especially for 3D electromagnetic scattering problems with multiple incident fields such as the computation of the monostatic radar cross section. Some examples are provided to demonstrate its accuracy and efficiency. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2027–2033, 2013
A MINIMIZATION ALGORITHM FOR A RELAXED ENERGY CONNECTED WITH THE THEORY OF LIQUID CRYSTALS

Bethuel, Brezis and Coron have recently proposed a modified energy (the so-called relaxed energy) in order to address the gap phenomenon discovered by Hardt and Lin. In this paper, our goal is to investigate from the numerical point of view the behavior of this energy for which the question of regularity is open. Results presented supports the conjecture that minimizers are indeed regular.
Tensor power decomposition. Bn case

Recurrent properties of fusion coefficients in a tensor power decomposition are studied for classical Lie algebras Bn and the spinor fundamental Bn-module Lω1. We find the set of recurrent relations for fusion coefficients m(ν,p). The general structure of a solution for these recurrent relations is formulated using Weyl symmetry properties for singular elements of . We prove that such a solution is unique and defines explicitly coefficients m(ν,p) as functions of coordinates νi and the tensor power p.
Cooperative spontaneous emission from an initially fully excited system of three identical two-level atoms

Using Lehmberg's master equation and taking into account dipole-dipole near-field interaction the time-dependent intensity pattern, intensity – and angular correlations of the cooperative spontaneous radiation from an initially fully excited system of three identical two-level atoms are calculated. The intensity pattern developes lobes in different directions at different times in such a way that contrary to the two-atom system the spatial distribution of the total number of the emitted photons differs from that of the single-atom radiation pattern. In particular three atoms placed in proper distances on a straight line emit preferentially their energy along this line. At the beginning of the emission process the probability to find two photons simultaneously in the same (or geometrical equivalent) direction is always highest but in the course of time, contrary to the two-atom case, it may well happen that the probability of finding two photons in quite different directions becomes more favoured. Kooperative spontane Emission eines anfanglich vollstandig angeregten Systems von drei gleichen Zwei-Niveau-Atomen Es werden der richtungsabhangige Intensitats-Zeit-Verlauf sowie die Intensitats- und Winkelkorrelationen der spontanen Strahlung eines kooperativ emittierenden, anfanglich vollstandig angeregten Systems von drei gleichen Zwei-Niveau-Atomen mit Hilfe der Lehmbergschen Mastergleichung unter Berucksichtigung der Dipol-Dipol-Nahfeldwechselwirkung berechnet. Die Richtcharakteristik der Intensitat zeigt zu verschiedenen Zeiten Keulen in unterschiedlichen Richtungen derart, das im Gegensatz zum Zwei-Atomfall die Richtungsverteilung der insgesamt emittierten Photonen von der Ein-Atomrichtcharakteristik abweicht. Insbesondere strahlen drei, in geeignetem Abstand auf einer Geraden angeordnete Atome vorzugsweise in Richtung der Verbindungslinie. Zu Beginn des Ausstrahlungsprozesses ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit, zwei Photonen gleichzeitig in derselben (bzw. geometrisch aquivalenten) Richtung zu finden, immer am grosten. Im Verlauf der Zeit kann es jedoch im Gegensatz zum Zwei-Atomsystem dazu kommen, das die simultane Emission zweier Photonen in vollig verschiedene Richtungen bevorzugt ist.
Shell topology optimization using the layered artificial material model

A general methodology for topology optimization using the finite element method is described for shell structures. Four- and nine-node Reissner–Mindlin shell elements with drilling degrees of freedom are used for the finite element response analysis. The artificial material model is used in the topology optimization and in particular, an isotropic multi-layer shell model is introduced to allow the formation of holes or stiffening zones. In addition, a single design variable resizing algorithm is implemented based on the existing criterion which is found to be adequate for the artificial material model. Several benchmark tests are presented to show the overall performance of the proposed methodology. The strain energy variation together with the variation of the layout of the structure is monitored. Some detailed examples are provided with comparisons of the use of the four- and nine-node elements and studies of critical solution parameters. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ambipolar pentacene/C60-based field-effect transistors with high hole and electron mobilities in ambient atmosphere

Ambipolar field-effect transistors (FETs) were fabricated with a heterostructure of pentacene/C60 in which the C60 layer functioned as an n-type channel while the pentacene layer functioned as both a p-type channel and a sealing capsule for the unstable C60 layer. The ambipolar FET, operating in an ambient atmosphere, exhibited a hole mobility of 0.2 cm2/V s with a threshold voltage of −2.3 V and an electron mobility of 0.04 cm2/V s with a threshold voltage of 66 V with moderately good air stability. However, the threshold voltage and gate voltage for the n-channel operation must be improved for practical applications.
High-resolution observations of the multicomponent nucleus of NGC 5929

The central region of the type 2 Seyfert galaxy NGC 5929 is known to contain double radio-continuum and optical emission-line clouds separated by about 1 arcsec. High-resolution VLA mapping at 2 cm shows these two steep-spectrum radio clouds to be compact (about 13 pc FWHM) and well collimated on either side of a central source having a flatter spectrum. When the radio continuum and forbidden O III 5007-A image of Whittle et al. (1986) are compared at the same spatial resolution, there is no evidence that the separations or position angles of the radio and emission-line clouds differ. The double H-alpha clouds appear to differ in position angle by about 20 deg from the radio lobes. Large variations in excitation of the gas occur on the scale of the seeing. If the line-emitting clouds are confined in or near the radio lobes and the gas is ionized by a compact nuclear source, this source is likely to be beamed along the radio axis. 39 refs.
On the complementarity of electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography

We show that for the spherical model of the brain, the part of the neuronal current that generates the electric potential (and therefore the electric field) lives in the orthogonal complement of the part of the current that generates the magnetic potential (and therefore the magnetic induction field). This means that for a continuously distributed neuronal current, information missing in the electroencephalographic data is precisely information that is available in the magnetoencephalographic data, and vice versa. In this way, the notion of complementarity between the imaging techniques of electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography is mathematically defined. Using this notion of complementarity and expanding the neuronal current in terms of vector spherical harmonics, which by definition provide the angular dependence of the current, we show that if the electric and the magnetic potentials in the exterior of the head are given, then we can determine certain moments of the functions which provide the radial dependence of the neuronal current. In addition to the above notion of complementarity, we also present a notion of unification of electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography by showing that they are governed respectively by the scalar and the vector invariants of a unified dyadic field describing electromagnetoencephalography.
Comparison of different quality assessment functions in autoregulative illumination intensity algorithms

The selection of an image quality assessment criterion plays a key role when an illuminant of autoregulative intensity is designed for a vision measurement system. In this work eight image quality assessment functions were compared and analyzed with adjustment of the illumination intensity from weak to strong. Four different workpieces, each representing a typical spatial frequency, were used in the comparison. The experimental results show that the best two functions are the image variance function and the gray standard deviation function.
A Parameter-Dependent Approach to Robust H∞ Control of Norm Bounded Uncertain Systems

A new approach to analyze and synthesize linear uncertain systems with time varying norm bounded uncertainty is presented in this paper. First, the uncertainty set is separated into several different sets according to the maximum singular value of uncertainty.Based on the new classification, the original uncertain system is transformed into a Markovian jump system. Second, via a parameter-dependent Lyapunov function, the problems of robust H∞ analysis and synthesis is studied.Based on this, two sufficient conditions for designing parameter-dependent controllers are established. Finally, numerical simulations are used to illustrate the developed method.
Evolution of the Scattering Coefficients of the Camassa–Holm Equation, for General Initial Data

We consider the Camassa–Holm equation for general initial data, particularly when the potential in the scattering problem of the Lax pair, m+κ, becomes negative over a finite region. We show that the direct scattering problem of the eigenvalue problem of the Lax pair for this equation may be solved by dividing the spatial infinite interval into a union of separate intervals. Inside each of these intervals, the initial potential is uniformly either positive or negative. Due to this, one can define Jost functions inside each interval, each of which will have a uniform asymptotic form. We then demonstrate that one can obtain the t‐evolution of the scattering coefficients of the scattering matrix of each interval. In the process, we also demonstrate that the evolution of the zeros of m+κ can be given entirely in terms of limits of the scattering coefficients at singular points.
Metastable As‐concentrations in Si achieved by ion implantation and rapid thermal annealing

Rapid thermal annealing (4 min at 560 °C) of implanted As in Si can electrically activate concentrations up to 5×1020 cm−3, which exceeds the solubility at that temperature. Prolonged thermal annealing at the same temperature causes deactivation of such metastable concentrations. The results suggest that when the amorphous‐crystalline interface is moving during solid phase epitaxial regrowth, dopants go to substitutional sites even in concentrations exceeding solubility. If solubility is exceeded, deactivation takes place after the material has recrystallized.
The approach to normality of the concentration distribution of a solute in a solvent flowing along a straight pipe

Taylor (1953, 1954a) showed that, when a cloud of solute is injected into a pipe through which a solvent is flowing, it spreads out, so that the distribution of concentration C is eventually a Gaussian function of distance along the pipe axis. This paper is concerned with the approach to this final form. An asymptotic series is derived for the distribution of concentration based on the assumption that the diffusion of solute obeys Fick's law. The first term is the Gaussian function, and succeeding terms describe the asymmetries and other deviations from normality observed in practice. The theory is applied to Poiseuille flow in a pipe of radius a and it is concluded that three terms of the series describe C satisfactorily if Dt/a2 > 0·2 (where D is the coefficient of molecular diffusion), and that the initial distribution of C has little effect on the approach to normality in most cases of practical importance. The predictions of the theory are compared with numerical work by Sayre (1968) for a simple model of turbulent open channel flow and show excellent agreement. The final section of the paper presents a second series derived from the first which involves only quantities which can be determined directly by integration from the observed values of C without knowledge of the velocity distribution or diffusivity. The latter series can be derived independently of the rest of the paper provided the cumulants of C tend to zero fast enough as t → ∞, and it is suggested, therefore, that the latter series may be valid in flows for which Fick's law does not hold.
Dual Passband Filter Using Hybrid Microstrip Split Ring Resonators and Coplanar Waveguide Quarter Wavelength Resonators

A novel dual passband filter using hybrid microstrip split ring resonators and coplanar wavelength (CPW) quarter wavelength resonators is presented. An equivalent RLC circuit model is presented, and its corresponding parameters are also extracted from the theoretical analysis. The proposed dual passband filter has two passbands with the center frequencies of 2.44 GHz and 3.5 GHz. Good agreement among equivalent circuit (EC), electromagnetic (EM) simulated and measured results is demonstrated.