Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The ferroptosis activity is associated with neurological recovery following chronic compressive spinal cord injury

Chronic compressive spinal cord injury in compressive cervical myelopathy conditions can lead to rapid neurological deterioration in the early phase, followed by partial self-recovery, and ultimately an equilibrium state of neurological dysfunction. Ferroptosis is a crucial pathological process in many neurodegenerative diseases; however, its role in chronic compressive spinal cord injury remains unclear. In this study, we established a chronic compressive spinal cord injury rat model, which displayed its most severe behavioral and electrophysiological dysfunction at 4 weeks and partial recovery at 8 weeks after compression. Bulk RNA sequencing data identified enriched functional pathways, including ferroptosis, presynapse, and postsynaptic membrane activity at both 4 and 8 weeks following chronic compressive spinal cord injury. Transmission electron microscopy and malondialdehyde quantification assay confirmed that ferroptosis activity peaked at 4 weeks and was attenuated at 8 weeks after chronic compression. Ferroptosis activity was negatively correlated with behavioral score. Immunofluorescence, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting showed that expression of the anti-ferroptosis molecules, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and MAF BZIP transcription factor G (MafG), in neurons was suppressed at 4 weeks and upregulated at 8 weeks following spinal cord compression. There was a positive correlation between the expression of these two molecules, suggesting that they may work together to contribute to functional recovery following chronic compressive spinal cord injury. In conclusion, our study determined the genome-wide expression profile and ferroptosis activity of a consistently compressed spinal cord at different time points. The results showed that anti-ferroptosis genes, specifically GPX4 and MafG, may be involved in spontaneous neurological recovery at 8 weeks of chronic compressive spinal cord injury. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying chronic compressive spinal cord injury and may help identify new therapeutic targets for compressive cervical myelopathy.
WIP: Towards the Practicality of the Adversarial Attack on Object Tracking in Autonomous Driving

—Recently, adversarial examples against object detection have been widely studied. However, it is difficult for these attacks to have an impact on visual perception in autonomous driving because the complete visual pipeline of real-world autonomous driving systems includes not only object detection but also object tracking. In this paper, we present a novel tracker hijacking attack against the multi-target tracking algorithm employed by real-world autonomous driving systems, which controls the bounding box of object detection to spoof the multiple object tracking process. Our approach exploits the detection box generation process of the anchor-based object detection algorithm and designs new optimization methods to generate adversarial patches that can successfully perform tracker hijacking attacks, causing security risks. The evaluation results show that our approach has 85% attack success rate on two detection models employed by real-world autonomous driving systems. We discuss our potential next step for this work.
Automatic Retrieval of Privacy Factors from IoMT Policies: ML and Custom NER Approach

—Patient-generated health data is growing at an unparalleled rate due to advancing technologies (e.g., the Internet of Medical Things, 5G, artificial intelligence) and increased consumer transactions. The influx of data has offered life-altering solutions. Consequently, the growth has created significant privacy challenges. A central theme to mitigating risks is promoting transparency and notifying stakeholders of data practices through privacy policies. However, natural language privacy policies have several limitations, such as being difficult to understand (by the user), lengthy, and having conflicting requirements. Yet they remain the de facto standard to inform users of privacy practices and how organizations follow privacy regulations. We developed an automated process to evaluate the appropriateness of combining machine learning and custom named entity recognition techniques to extract IoMT-relevant privacy factors in the privacy policies of IoMT devices. We employed machine learning and the natural language processing technique of named entity recognition to automatically analyze a corpus of policies and specifications to extract privacy-related information for the IoMT device. Based on the natural language analysis of policies, we provide fine-grained annotations that can help reduce the manual and tedious process of policy analysis and aid privacy engineers and policy makers in developing suitable privacy policies.
IOT Based Monitoring and Management of Smart Building in Real Time

The world has twirled into global village due to the modish technologies. The human living grades have substantially increased and technologies like IoT (Internet of Things) have played a salient role in modern epoch. This modern era has called for advanced upheaval of smart building. These popular smart buildings have been fabricated to reduce the energy fatigue. Many novel technologies have been introduced to meet the energy utilization. These buildings possess the advantages of environmental changes to make the system energy efficient and dependable. In this era commercial buildings has obliged us for friendly usage, comfort and energy efficient system. IOT is one answer to all queries. IoT can fulfill all requirements in organic manner. To revolutionize these buildings large network system of connectors like Wi-Fi, IP protocol, web server, software programming, android applications, Power over Ethernet, PCB designing and Microcontroller in sake to instrument IOT based Smart building. Although there are many challenges to IoT like privacy, Internet Walls, Clouds attacks, cyber issues and scarcity of fully developed applications. This paper reviews the controlling of smart building appliances and security surveillance in real time and also some challenges attached to it. Particularly shall focus on wastage of energy. Paper highlights how smart building earns the supremacy of being energy efficient and adjustable to environment changes.
HUBUNGAN KOORDINASI MATA TANGAN KECEPATAN REAKSI KEKUATAN OTOT TANGAN DAN LENGAN TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PUKULAN STRAIGHT PADA ATLET BOXING

This study aims to determine the relationship between eye-hand coordination, reaction speed, hand and arm muscle strength on the ability of straight strokes in boxing athletes. This type of research is descriptive quantitative research method that is correlation. The instrument in this study used 1) eye- hand coordination test, (2) reaction speed test using the ruler drop test (The Nelson's hand reaction test), (3) hand muscle strength test using a hand grip dynamometer, (4) arm muscle strength test using push-up test, (5) straight stroke speed test. The population in this study was the A23BC Bandar Lampung boxing club athlete and the sample technique used total sampling so that the sample used was 20 A23BC Bandar Lampung boxing club athletes. The data analysis technique in this study used a product moment correlation test with a sig level. 0.05. The results showed (1) There was a relationship between eye-hand coordination on the ability of straight strokes in boxing athletes with a sig. 0.004 0.05 and a positive value of 0.156. (2) There is a relationship between the speed of reaction to the ability of straight strokes in boxing athletes with the value of sig. 0.007 0.05 and a positive value of 2.792. (3) There is a relationship between hand muscle strength and the ability to hit straight on boxing athletes with sig. 0.001 0.05 and a positive value is 0.122. (4) There is a relationship between arm muscle strength and the ability to hit straight
Numerical simulation of photoelectrical characteristics of the spectrozonal three-channel bulk charge-coupled device

A one-dimensional physical model of a linear three-channel bulk charge-coupled device (BCCD) with a surface n channel and bulk channels of n- and p-type conductivity is considered. The system of three nonlinear differential equations describing the process of BCCD photorelaxation is obtained. On the basis of these equations, the numeri- cal simulation of the process of photorelaxation under the influence of the absorption of optical radiation with uniform spectral intensity charac- teristic (0.4 <l< 1.1 mm) has been performed for a silicon three-channel BCCD. Spectral characteristics of the channel photosensitivities have been calculated, and the resulting selectivity of intrinsic radiation absorp- tion is found. The maxima of spectral photosensitivity full at 0.5-, 0.67-, and 0.83-mm wavelength for the surface n channel and bulk n- and p-type channels respectively. Typical values of photorelaxation time are 1t o 0.6 ms at power density of absorbed radiation ' 100 mW/cm 2 . The calculations have been performed for a three-cycle time diagram of the control voltage pulses of the following levels: upper level 1 22 V, lower level 1 2 V, and midlevel 1 8 to 12 V. The results of simulation allow us to consider a three-channel silicon BCCD as a monocrystal spectrosonal photoelectrical image converter. © 1997 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(97)01506-7)
Region descriptors for automatic classification of small sea targets in infrared video

We evaluate the performance of different key-point detectors and region descriptors when used for automatic classification of small sea targets in infrared video. In our earlier research performed on this subject as well as in other literature, many different region descriptors have been proposed. However, it is unclear which methods are most applicable to use on the type of infrared imagery as used onboard naval ships. The key-point detector should detect points of interest that can be used to effectively describe the objects in the imagery. On the basis of the detected key points, the descriptors should discriminate between different classes of small sea targets while being robust to differences in viewing conditions. We propose a similarity measure based on the distance between key-point location and the Euclidean distance between descriptors to quantify the similarity of images. For performance evaluation, we use the receiver operator characteristic as the criterion to rank the evaluated methods. We compare the Harris-, blob- and scale-invariant feature transform(SIFT) detectors and the square neighborhood, steerable filters, invariant moments, and SIFT descriptors.We conclude that the Harris detector combined with the square neighborhood of size 19×19 or the SIFT descriptor results in the best classification performance for our data set.
A Smoking Detection Algorithm Based on Improved YOLOV5

In a public place, smoking will cause potential hazards to the health of oneself and other people, and also cause hidden dangers such as fire. Therefore, for the sake of health and safety, an algorithm based on YOLOV5 is proposed to quickly detect smoking behavior in hospitals, schools, stations and other places where smoking is prohibited. The detection algorithm improves the capacity for the model to detect smoking effectively by improving the feature extraction network. By replacing the C3 module in the feature extraction network with the CoT module, the ability of the model detection is effectively enhanced. CBAM attention mechanism is inserted in front of SPPF structure in feature extraction network, which effectively improves its ability to mine target features. Through experimental comparison, the improved algorithm has a certain enhancement effect in the ability and real-time of detection.
A K band deep galaxy survey

The results of a K-band deep-imaging survey, with a 5 sigma limit of K = 21.4 for galaxy detection, are reported. Number counts from K = 16.5 to K = 21.25 are given. Comparison with optical survey data on the field shows objects as red as (I-K) = 5 which most probably correspond to high-redshift (z of about 2) normal galaxies. No evidence is seen for any population of high-z protogalaxies or brown dwarfs. The results are placed in the context of extragalactic background light measurements.
Perspectives on multi‐benefit water reuse systems: A confluence of water and wastewater management planning

The multiple benefits of water reuse have yet to be fully realized in our urban water management systems. One pathway to optimal implementation is to plan for their integration with wider assets in water resource or drainage and wastewater management plans. This paper explores the perspectives of water resource and wastewater management planners. Qualitative data was gathered from a workshop organized by the Chartered Institution for Water and Environmental Management (CIWEM) with 25 participants from England's Water Service Providers (WSPs), regulators (Ofwat and the Environment Agency) and consultants working within the UK water sector. The participants acknowledged that water reuse is relevant to both water resource and drainage and wastewater management planning, but that current regulatory and funding frameworks are constraining effective engagement between water resource and drainage and wastewater management planners by encouraging the development of separate plans. A general consensus of the participants was that it would be beneficial to include water reuse technology within current and future Water Resource Management Plans (WRMPs) and Drainage and Wastewater Management Plans (DWMPs). Participants suggested this could be developed through collaborative working partnerships and support from regulatory and funding frameworks that allow for the growth and development of innovative technologies and nature‐based solutions. Participants also highlighted a stronger economic case could be made for water reuse technologies if the approach seeks to capture the wider benefits and not only the ‘best value’ solution. Societal acceptance and the availability of good quality data will be key to the successful adoption of any incentivized water reuse schemes.
Two photon absorption effect on all-optical semiconductor based switching nonlinear directional coupler

As the semiconductor materials have strong nonlinear optical effects, they have a great deal of attention in ultrafast alloptical data processing. In semiconductors, the free carriers (FC) density change with field intensity in process of Two Photon Absorption (TPA), and leads to second order intensity dependant in refractive index and loss. In this paper, in addition to Kerr effect, the nonlinear optical effects (TPA) and free carriers is studied theoretically in nonlinear directional couplers by starting from Maxwell's equations and perturbation method. As results show that TPA and FC limit the field transmission between waveguides stronger than Kerr effect and the threshold of filed intensity decreases one order of magnitude. This phenomenon has important applications in switching operation when coupling and decoupling optical wave is needed.
An efficient wideband cascode class FF−1 Doherty power amplifier with control harmonic impedance inverter for X‐band applications

This paper presents an efficient Doherty power amplifier (DPA) with optimized harmonic impedance inverter. The proposed design consists of carrier and peaking power amplifiers designed for class F‐ and class F−1‐based operations. Also, multiharmonic non‐uniform stepped‐impedance transmission line‐based input–output matching network is designed for the proposed circuit. The new design maximizes the operating bandwidth by optimizing the control harmonic impedance inverter. The DPA circuit is implemented using the advanced design system simulator, and the chip is made of GaAs 0.25‐μm PHEMT on silicon nitride monolithic microwave integrated circuit die. The fabricated chip exhibits drain efficiency (DE) of 41%–51.5%, power added efficiency of 36.4%–41%, gain of 10.9 dB, and adjacent power leakage ratio of −34.6‐dBc at 30‐dBm peak power. The size of the chip is 2.8 × 1.9 mm2, and it occupies less die area as compared to the existing DPAs.
Variability in Reliability Coefficients and the Standard Error of Measurement From School District to District

Measurement textbooks frequently suggest that reliability coefficients will be lower in more homogeneous groups. This expected relation rests on the assumption of constancy in the standard error of measurement (SEM) and that the lower observed-score variance is the result of lower true-score variance. However, the assumption of constancy in the SEM can be challenged on both theoretical and empirical grounds. It is possible that a more heterogeneous group might have a relatively large error score variance and hence, a lower reliability coefficient. In this study, the stability of the SEM and the relation between the reliability coefficient and the variance of both true scores and error scores were empirically examined for 170 school districts within a state. As expected, rXX´ was found to vary as a function of group variability. However, the coefficient was not found to be solely a function of the magnitude of true-score variance. Rather, it depended on error variance as well, and particularly on the ratio.
Does disability necessarily lead to poverty?

: It is well known that the existence of disability can lead a person (or his family) into poverty. More specifically, disability may cause a person to face inequality in education and employment, thus adversely affecting his income; The increase of disability related expenditure has led to the reduction of living standards and poverty of the disabled and their families. Taking India and China as examples, this paper analyzes how disability leads to inequality and poverty. This paper argues that the limitations of the health of the disabled, the socio-cultural prejudice against disability and the lack of government support policies have all contributed to the unequal treatment faced by the disabled in many aspects. These inequalities, in turn, directly or indirectly lead to a decrease in the income of disabled persons compared with non-disabled persons; On the other hand, compared with non-disabled persons, disabled persons face an increase in the cost of living, which together leads to relative poverty, often absolute poverty.
Nonlinear system identification and predictive control of a heat exchanger based on local linear fuzzy models

This paper deals with identification and control of a highly nonlinear real world application, The performance and applicability of the proposed methods are demonstrated for an industrial heat exchanger. The main difficulties for identification and control of this plant arise from the strongly nonlinear center and the widely varying dead times introduced by different water flows. The identification of this three input one output process is based on the local linear model trees (LOLIMOT) algorithm. It combines efficient local linear least-squares techniques for parameter estimation of the local linear models with a tree construction algorithm that determines the structure of their validity functions. Furthermore, a subset selection technique based on the orthogonal least-squares (OLS) algorithm is applied for an automatic determination of the model orders and dead times. This strategy allows to design a wide range high accuracy nonlinear dynamic model of the heat exchanger on which the predictive control approach is based on. The nonlinear predictive control takes the speed and limit constraints of the actuator into account and leads to a high performance control over all ranges of operation.
Gravity from Poincare Gauge Theory of the Fundamental Particles

Particle spectrum of Poincare gauge theory is investigated in detail, in particular paticle' s mass and energy. Besides usual graviton, the torsion field gives rise to massive 2+, 2-, 1 +, 1-, o+ and oparticles, each of which obeys the Klein-Gordon equation. We find that there are at most three normal particles, defined by having positive mass and positive energy: namely, only nine possible triplets, (2+, 1+, o-), (2+, 1-, o-), (2+, o+, o-) and their parity conjugate, and (1 +, o+, o-) and its parity conjugate and finally (1 +, 1·, o-). Further reduction to two and one particles is also possible provided z+ and zcannot coexist. Conditions of nine parameters, a, /3, r, a,, a,, ···, aa, for these normal particles to exist are also obtained.
Vav1 promotes inflammation and neuronal apoptosis in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by upregulating microglial and NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Microglia, which are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, are an important part of the inflammatory response that occurs after cerebral ischemia. Vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (Vav1) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that is related to microglial activation. However, how Vav1 participates in the inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury remains unclear. In this study, we subjected rats to occlusion and reperfusion of the middle cerebral artery and subjected the BV-2 microglia cell line to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation to mimic cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in vivo and in vitro, respectively. We found that Vav1 levels were increased in the brain tissue of rats subjected to occlusion and reperfusion of the middle cerebral artery and in BV-2 cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation. Silencing Vav1 reduced the cerebral infarct volume and brain water content, inhibited neuronal loss and apoptosis in the ischemic penumbra, and improved neurological function in rats subjected to occlusion and reperfusion of the middle cerebral artery. Further analysis showed that Vav1 was almost exclusively localized to microglia and that Vav1 downregulation inhibited microglial activation and the NOD-like receptor pyrin 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the ischemic penumbra, as well as the expression of inflammatory factors. In addition, Vav1 knockdown decreased the inflammatory response exhibited by BV-2 cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation. Taken together, these findings show that silencing Vav1 attenuates inflammation and neuronal apoptosis in rats subjected to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion through inhibiting the activation of microglia and NLRP3 inflammasome.
Ultrafast Relaxation Dynamics of Highly-excited States in N2 Molecules Excited by Femtosecond XUV Pulses

We used velocity-map-imaging to measure electronic and nuclear dynamics in N2 molecules excited by a train of attosecond pulses. A time-to-space mapping of autoionization channel is demonstrated. It is found that the autoionization becomes energetically allowed when the two nuclei are still very close (~ 3 A) and that it can be coherently manipulated by a strong femtosecond infrared pulse.