Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure-From-Motion Approach to the Reconstruction of Surfaces for Earthwork Planning

The reconstruction of surfaces from unorganized point clouds can provide very useful information for construction managers. Although point clouds are generally created using 3D scanners, they can also be generated via the structure-from- motion technique using a sequence of images. Here we report a novel surface reconstruction technique for modeling and quantifying earthworks that can be used for preliminary planning, project updates and estimating of earthwork quantities, as well as embedded planning systems in construction equipment. The application of structure-from-motion techniques in earth works is examined and its advantages and limitations identified. Data from 23 earthwork excavation construction sites were collected and analyzed. 3D surface reconstructions during the construction phase were compared to the original land form. Similar experiments were conducted with piles of earth and the results analyzed to determine appropriate ranges of use for structure-from-motion surface reconstructions in earthwork applications. The technique was found to be most suited to pile of materials with volumes less than 2000 m 3 . Piles up to 10 m in height and with base areas up to 300 m 2 were also successfully reconstructed. These results should be of interest to contractors seeking to utilize new technology to optimize operational efficiency.
SACE scanning process assisted with ultrasonic vibration on quartz glass

ABSTRACT Spark-assisted chemical engraving (SACE) is suitable to machine hard and brittle insulating materials such as quartz glass; however, the processing efficiency is quite low for achieving good machining quality. In this research, a scanning process of ultrasonic vibration-assisted SACE (UV-SACE) is proposed for high-efficiency processing on quartz glass without surface microcracks. For revealing the microscope mechanism under different vibration amplitudes, a high-speed camera is used to observe the motion of micro bubbles, morphology of gas films, and instantaneous discharges. Then through the processing experiments with two-factor coupling effect of feed rate and vibration amplitude, it is found that the cutting depth is significantly affected by feed rate due to the effect of ultrasonic vibration. The optimal input conditions are obtained by using the NSGA-II optimization method. Furthermore, the removal mechanism of UV-SACE scanning process on quartz is analyzed and applied: Lower feed rate (scanning speed) as the fully discharging case can improve the material removal rate (MRR), while higher feed rate as the insufficient discharging case can improve the processing accuracy and surface quality. Machining experiments verified the proposed mechanism and the optimized process.
The 95% Confidence Interval for GNSS-Derived Site Velocities

Linear trends, or site velocities, derived from global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positional time series have been commonly applied to site stability assessments, structural health monitoring, sea-level rise, and coastal submergence studies. The uncertainty of the velocity has become a big concern for stringent users targeting structural or ground deformation at a few millimeters per year. GNSSderived positional time series are autocorrelated. Consequently, conventional methods for calculating the standard errors of the linear trends result in unrealistically small uncertainties. This article presents an approach to accounting for the autocorrelation with an effective sample size (Neff). A robust methodology has been developed to determine the 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for the site velocities. It is found that the 95%CI fits an inverse power-law relationship over the time span of the time series (vertical direction: 95%CI 1⁄4 5.2T−1.25; east–west or north–south directions: 95%CI 1⁄4 1.8T−1.0). For static GNSS monitoring projects, continuous observations longer than 2.5 and 4 years are recommended to achieve a 95%CI below 1 mm=year for the horizontal and vertical site velocities, respectively; continuous observations longer than 7 years are recommended to achieve a 95%CI below 0.5 mm=year for the vertical land movement rate (subsidence or uplift). The 95%CI from 7-year GNSS time series is equivalent to the 95%CI of the sea-level trend derived from 60-year tide gauge observations. The method and the empirical formulas developed through this study have the potential for broad applications in geosciences, sea-level and coastal studies, and civil and surveying engineering. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000390. © 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers. Author keywords: Autoregressive model; Effective sample size; Global navigation satellite system (GNSS); Linear trend; Site velocity; Sea-level rise; Uncertainty; 95% confidence interval.
The coming opportunities in microsensor systems

Challenges and opportunities confronting the development of integrated sensing systems in the 1990s are discussed. Silicon microsensors can offer significant advantages over alternative technologies, employing features such as self-testing, autocalibration, digital compensation, and bus-compatibility to improve system reliability and performance while reducing cost. A system architecture which permits all of these features to be implemented is described. Each node in this distributed sensing system is composed of sensors, actuators, and a monolithic microprocessor-driven interface chip and is realized as a multichip module. A discrete prototype of this system achieves 12-b accuracy with the ability to read over 700 sensors per second. All data transfers include parity checking and polynomial-based sensor data compensation in the host computer. Over 300 Mbytes of data have been transferred error-free. Needs for further research in these areas are described, and the application of the prototype system to the measurement of pressure, flow, wafer temperature, and other variables in a reactive ion etching system is discussed. <<ETX>>
Displays as Advanced Human-Computer Interface

This paper briefly summarizes the historical background of a new human-computer interface used in the current tablet computers and smart phones. Its idea can go back to NLS and Dynabook, both proposed in late 1960s. Their concepts were inherited to the current new devices. A key concept of the next generation human-computer interface may be “user experience. ” Human motion (gesture) recognition should be introduced, but gestures have different meanings in different cultures. Is the next technology universal or culture-bound?
Shape optimization of magnetorheological damper piston based on parametric curve for damping force augmentation

Making full use of the magnetically controllable rheological properties of magnetorheological (MR) fluid, MR actuators have been applied in many engineering fields. To adapt to different application scenarios, parameters of MR actuators often need to be optimized. Previous MR actuator optimization was focused on finding optimal combinations of geometric dimensions and physical parameters that meet certain requirements. The parts with optimized dimensions were still in regular shape, which might not bring optimal damping performance. Therefore, in this paper, shape optimization of MR damper piston based on parametric curve is performed for the first time. First, the regional magnetic saturation problem in the previous prototype is stated. Then, the MR damper with normal piston is simulated as a reference. Later, Bezier curve, one of the typical parametric curves, is used to form the piston with optimized parameters, and the MR damper with optimized piston is also simulated. Finally, prototypes of the MR dampers with normal and optimized pistons are fabricated and tested. Compared with the MR damper with normal piston, the one with optimized piston has larger field dependent force and total damping force under relatively large current, with about 52% and 24% maximum increasing percentage, respectively. The controllable force range of the MR damper with optimized piston is also larger than that with normal piston.
In Relation with Evolutionary Development- the Study of Differences Between the Chimpanzee Thumb and the Human Thumb

It is often said that the defining trait which separates man from the animals is an opposable thumb. Without the opposable thumb, human beings might never have enjoy the highly civilized, sophisticated, and techno- logical lifestyles. Opposable thumbs are required for efficient gripping of objects as well as handling fine objects, the skill of refining objects It is interesting to note that a there are species which are similar to humans in brain capacity but lacks in opposable thumb. The chimpanzees due to the lack of an opposable thumb have extremely creating anything more complex than what they already find in their natural surroundings.The emergence of painting, sculpture, and music would have been unthinkable, man require thumbs to hold paint brushes, chisels, and musical instruments.Thus, the opposable thumb to man's uniqueness and development. It has been proposed that the hominid lineage (hominid or Hominidae- which includes humans and the great apes like bonobos, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans&lineage means -Derivation or Direct descent from a particular ancestor) began when a group of chimpan- zee-like apes began to throw rocks and clubbing behaviours, This assertion leads to the prediction that the human hand should be adapted for throwing and clubbing. It is shown that the two fundamental human handgrips, first identified by J. R. Napier, and named them as the 'precision grip' and 'power grip', represent a throwing grip and a clubbing grip, and provides an evolutionary explana- tion for the two unique grips, and the extensive anatomical remodelling of the hand that made them possible. These results are sup- ported by palaeoanthropological evidence.1
Development Of A Pingpong Robot System Using 7 Degrees Of Freedom Direct Drive Arm

A pingpong robot system using a 7 degrees of freedom direct drive arm has been developed. This system is composed of a binocular camera for measuring the position and the speed of a pingpong ball, a pitching machine, a direct drive robot, and a controller with a multi-microcomputer system. Three important techniques have been developed here. First involves the fast ball position measurement technique using the binocular camera, which has two linear sensors located horizontally on the focal plane of each lens. Second is a technique for forecasting hitting position and time. Third, direct drive robot control technique with real time calculation of inverse kinematics. These techniques are essential to perform unstructured tasks with a robot in real time.
Policies to Encourage Solar Energy Usage

The economic reality of fossil fuels is that these resources are found in a limited number of locations around the world, yet are consumed everywhere. Conversely, solar energy is available almost everywhere in world and is not being fully used. Fossil fuels and solar energy are complete opposites in not only their environmental effects, but also their economic effect. This study investigates global policies that encourage the development and deployment of solar energy. Solar energy is green, non-polluting, everlasting, and free of charge depending on how you look at it. Countries around the world have taken action and implemented solar energy with both progressive policies and incentives for those who use renewable energy. Governmental agencies and their affiliates have responded to this environmental movement and have spent a lot of time and money researching alternate energy sources, including solar energy. There are many different types of renewable energy, but the focus of this research will be solar energy.
Investigation of Microwave Antennas with Improved Performances

This dissertation presents the investigation of antennas with improved performances at microwave frequencies. It covers the following three topics: the study of the metamaterial with near-zero index of refraction and its application in directive antenna design, the design technique of a wideband circularly polarized patch antenna for 60GHz wireless application and the investigation of a novel direction of arrival (DOA) estimation technique inspired by human auditory system. First, the metamaterial composed of two-dimensional (2-D) metallic wire arrays is investigated as an effective medium with an effective index of refraction less than unity (neff < 1). The effective medium parameters (permittivity eeff, permeability μeff and neff) of a wire array are extracted from the finite-element simulated scattering parameters and verified through a 2-D electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure case study. A simple design methodology for directive monopole antennas is introduced by embedding a monopole within a metallic wire array with neff < 1 at the antenna operating frequencies. The narrow beam effect of the monopole antenna is demonstrated in both simulation and experiment at Xband (8 – 12 GHz). The measured antenna properties including return loss and radiation patterns are in good agreement with simulation results. Parametric studies of the antenna system are performed. The physical principles and interpretations of the directive monopole antenna embedded in the wire array medium are also discussed. Second, a fully packaged wideband circularly polarized patch antenna is designed for 60GHz
Low-loss fibre-pigtailed 256 channel arrayed-waveguide grating multiplexer using cascaded laterally-tapered waveguides

A fibre-pigtailed 25 GHz-spacing 256 channel arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) module has been fabricated. The module was composed of an AWG chip with a Δ of 1.5%, a fan-out planar lightwave circuit (PLC) with a Δ of 0.75%, an input fibre and two 128 fibre arrays. To improve the coupling loss of the 256 output fibres, a new PLC-fibre connection using cascaded laterally-tapered waveguides was developed. The fibre-pigtailing loss is reduced to only 1.1 dB and a multiplexer with a low insertion loss of 1.9–3.9 dB is realised.
MODIFICATION OF THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR TO MEASURE THE INTENTIONS AND BEHAVIOR OF PEOPLES PARTICIPATION IN THE WASTE BANK PROGRAM (CASE: BANTUL REGENCY)

Waste is an environmental problem that hasn’t been resolved until now. This problem can be overcome with the waste bank program. The success of the waste bank is supported by the high level of community participation. Currently, the level of community participation in Bantul Regency is still low, which is below 50%. The purpose of this research is to investigates what factors that can increase people’s intention and behavior of participating in waste bank activities at Bantul Regency. This research using factors from Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model. Besides of factors from Theory of Planned Behavior this research added other factors like knowledge of how and what, knowledge of the consequences and situational factors used as a measurement tools. The research used 300 samples. The target respondents for this research are members who actively participate in the waste bank activities. The sampling technique is purposive sampling, regression analysis methods is using on this research. The analysis results showed that attitudes, subjective norms, knowledge of how and what, knowledge of consequence and situational factor have a significant effect on the people’s intention to participate in the waste bank programs. Meanwhile the perceived control behavior variable has no significant effect on the people’s intention to participate in the waste bank program. All the factors togethers can explain the intention of 44.7%.
Agility in construction

Agile Project Management (APM) is a human-centred method for increasing customer-perceived value in a reliable manner. It has been proven to be particularly suited to creative projects such as Information Systems (IS) development and new product development in the automotive industry (this is in contrast to ‘lean production’ which has proved so useful to automotive production waste elimination). Construction is similarly largely a creative industry and might usefully adopt APM to improve its own reliable value delivery, rather than solely following the industrial trend of lean production. This paper describes APM, comparing it with two prominent lean construction initiatives, and then assesses by phase the potential for any impact of APM in construction. In conclusion: APM would have benefits for all phases of construction, particularly in planning and design, but its adoption for actual construction would generally be disrupted because of the lack of a coherent, well trained and trusted workforce.
Intelligent Vehicle Navigation using Fuzzy Logic

issue of Autonomous vehicle navigation has shown rapid progress due to advent of computer integration in mechanics. The field is developing due to tremendous size reduction in Electronic devices allowing us to embed the computing power into these mobile machines. The with final integration of Embedded Systems and Mechanics these vehicles will one day definitely become autonomous. Auto Cruise Control (ACC) is the technology in present implementation does this work efficiently. But ACC is just the start. Many more ways are available like, Path Tracking, Visual Target Tracking are being implemented using Fuzzy Logic and other Artificial Intelligence techniques. The sole aim is to make system Automatic. But every automatic system if given extensive degree of freedom then it tends to give unwanted or unexpected results, no matter how intelligent the system is. So aim of our idea is to confine the intelligence of these vehicles in some Protocols or Laws so that the domain of decisions by system is under control or even already known. Employing Fuzzy Logic we are making the decision structure of autonomous vehicles intelligent but also designing these in forms of protocols itself.
Numerical electromagnetic field analysis of lightning current in tall structures

Summary form only given,as follows. The Numerical Electromagnetic Code (NEC-2) is applied to the electromagnetic analysis of tall structures hit by lightning. The advantage of the analysis using NEC-2 is that it can accurately compute the current distribution along a conductor system by the method of moments. The waveforms of the lightning currents measured on freestanding tall structures are well reproduced, and the computed waveforms of the electric and the magnetic fields at some distance from the structure hit by lightning agree fairly well with the measured waveforms. In the analysis, a lightning channel is represented by a vertical conductor that is loaded by series inductance and resistance so as to simulate the slow propagation velocity of a current wave on the lossy channel. This representation is demonstrated to be quite effective.
Dust Characterization and Its Potential Impact during the 2014–2015 Fogo Volcano Eruption (Cape Verde)

Fogo (Fogo Island) is the youngest and most active volcano of Cape Verde. The last eruption occurred in 2014–2015. Aiming to assess the dust sources that impacted the air quality during the present study period, fresh lava samples were collected, while Saharan dust intrusions and transport were modeled. Rooftop dust was also collected on the island dwellings and a mineralogical and chemical characterization was undertaken. Air quality monitors were used to obtain concentrations of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants. The mineralogical constitution was assessed by XRD and Electron Microprobe. The pseudototal chemical concentration was performed by XRF, ICP-MS and SEM; the latter includes particles morphology. During the study, WRF-CHIMERE results showed the intrusion of desert dust which affected the air quality. Lava was classified as tephritic to basanitic, with high potassium content. The Pollution Load Index for rooftop dust was >1 in all samples, suggesting an enrichment. Higher values were found in dust size fraction <63 µm, with contamination factor pointing to high enrichment of As, Ni and Pb, and very high enrichment of Cd. The non-carcinogenic hazard estimated for children suggested that health problems may arise. The carcinogenic risk was above the target risk, mostly due to As > Pb > Co. Ingestion was the main exposure route. PM10 concentrations exceeded the 24-h mean of 50 µg/m3 recommended by WHO. Nevertheless, TVOCs displayed levels lower than guidelines. The highest levels of CO2 were recorded in more populated villages and farthest from the volcano.
The Industry Management System Based on Virtualization and Cloud Computing

This paper proposes a novel architecture of the three-layer cloud. And a practical industrial management system based on virtualization and cloud computing is presented. Since the current industry involves the utilization of various control systems and desktop systems, cloud computing provides us dynamic flexible infrastructure and QoS guaranteed services. With the development of virtualization and cloud computing, how to make the system flexibility and security is very important to industry. The presented system can be used for measuring the consumption of material and energy, monitoring the real-time state of the working environments and optimizing the process parameters.
Application of photo-Fenton dye removal with γ-Fe2O3/bentonite nanocomposites prepared by solid-state reaction in wastewater treatment

One of the important parameters in wastewater treatment is the removal of dye from it. As heterogeneous catalysts for photo-Fenton treatment of dye, iron oxide/bentonite nanocomposites are prepared by the solid-state reaction method at 300°C and 600°C. The catalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). SEM, TEM, and XRD analysis show γ-Fe2O3 (hematite) particles that are formed and distributed on the bentonite. EDX results revealed the increased iron and decreased calcium and magnesium contents in FeB300 and FeB600 compared with the parent bentonite. The results indicate that the prepared nanocomposites have a lower BET surface area than the parent bentonite. XRD patterns of samples prove formation of γ-Fe2O3 particles. Finally, the degradation efficiency of MO reached 81% and 75% in the presence of FeB300 or FeB600 and H2O2 under irradiation within 90 min, respectively. Therefore, both prepared catalysts exhibit acceptable photo-Fenton catalytic activity.
ENTSTEHUNG UND ERHALTUNG VON ROTOREN IN ERREGBAREN MEDIEN

Atriales Flimmern (AF) ist die Folge von Rotoren, deren Entstehung immer mit dem Auftreten einer Phasensingularität verbunden ist [1,2]. Spontanes atriales Flimmern wird durch atriale Extrasystolen [3] ausgelöst, die ein kritisches Ankopplungsintervall zur vorangehenden Depolarisation haben (siehe Abb. 1). In dieser Arbeit werden klinische Daten über den Beginn spontaner Episoden von AF mit Hilfe einer Simulation der elektrischen Eigenschaften der Atrien untersucht. Hierbei werden insbesondere die kritischen Randbedingungen identifiziert, die das Auslösen von Rotoren ermöglichen und diese auch stabilisieren.