Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PressureML: Modelling Pressure Waves to Generate Large-Scale Water-Usage Insights in Buildings

Several studies have indicated that delivering insights and feedback on water usage has been effective in curbing water consumption, making it a pivotal component in achieving long-term sustainability objectives. Despite a significant proportion of water consumption originating from large residential and commercial buildings, there is a scarcity of cost-effective and easy-to-integrate solutions that provide water usage insights at a reasonable spatio-temporal granularity in such structures. Furthermore, existing methods for disaggregating water usage necessitate training data and rely on frequent data sampling to capture patterns, both of which pose challenges when scaling up and adapting to new environments. In this work, we aim to solve these challenges through a novel end-to-end approach which records data from pressure sensors and uses time-series classification by DNN models to determine room-wise water consumption in a building. This consumption data is then fed to a novel water disaggregation algorithm which can suggest a set of water-usage events, and has a flexible requirement of training data and sampling granularity. We conduct experiments using our approach and demonstrate its potential as a promising avenue for in-depth exploration, offering valuable insights into water usage on a large scale.
A Novel Compute-and-Forward Relaying Method for Multi-Antenna Wireless Relay Networks

Compute-and-Forward (CoF) is an innovative physical layer network coding strategy, designed to enable receivers in wireless communications to effectively utilize interference. The key idea of CoF is to implement integer combinations based on the codewords from multiple transmitters, rather than decoding individual source codewords. Although CoF is widely used in wireless relay networks, there are still some problems to be solved, such as rank failure, single antenna reception, and the shortest vector problem. In this paper, we introduce a successive extended CoF (SECoF) as a pioneering solution tailored for multi-source, multi-relay, and multi-antenna wireless relay networks. First, we analyze the traditional CoF, and design a SECoF method combining the concepts of matrix projection and successive interference cancellation, which overcomes the problem of CoF rate tending to zero and rank failure and improves the network performance. Secondly, we obtain an approximate solution to the integer-value coefficient vectors by using the LLL lattice-based resolution algorithm. In addition, we deduce the corresponding concise formulas of SECoF. Simulation results show that the SECoF has strong robustness and the approaches outperform the state-of-the-art methods in terms of computation rate, rank failure probability, and outage probability.
Linking Cognitive Impairment with Amyloid-β Accumulation in Alzheimer’s Disease: Insights from Behavioral Tests and FTIR Spectroscopy

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that progresses over time. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis gives identification of the main metabolic changes that happen during neurodegeneration, by monitoring biochemical and molecular structure alterations that can help in AD diagnosis or treatment approach. Objective: The aim of the present work is to assess AD hallmarks in molecular structure of retina and monitor accumulation of amyloid beta42(Aβ42) in brain and retina during disease progression. Methods: AD induced in rats by Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3). Retinal molecular structure during disease progression for 2,4,6 and 8 weeks was assessed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the incidence of the disease was confirmed by a behavioural assessment; the Morris Water Maze test. Aβ42 levels in the brain and retina were also measured. Results: The results indicated that cognitive impairment starting from 6 weeks of AlCl3 administration. Retinal concentration of Aβ42 was significant increase (p < 0.05) from 2 weeks that precedes the observed increase of Aβ42 in the brain which appeared after 4 weeks of AlCl3 administration. Multivariate principal component analysis discovers that the variance noticed in the infrared spectra due to AD condition and it is time dependent for progression of the disease. Conclusions: The accumulation of Aβ42 is a sensitive early biomarker in retina for AD. FTIR analysis of the retina revealed changes in hydrogen bond formation or destruction, alterations in lipid chain length and branching accompanied by depleted lipid content and carbonization, as well as degeneration of the retinal tissue due to AD.
LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS

This study assesses the state of the policy debate that surrounds the Federal regulation of margin requirements. A relatively comprehensive review of the literature ̄nds no undisputed evidence that supports the hypothesis that margin requirements can be used to control stock return volatility and correspondingly little evidence that suggests that margin-related leverage is an important underlying source of \excess" volatility. The evidence does not support the hypothesis that there is a stable inverse relationship between the level of Regulation T margin requirements and stock returns volatility nor does it support the hypothesis that the leverage advantage in equity derivative products is a source of additional returns volatility in the stock market.
An insight into the unrest phenomena at the Campi Flegrei caldera from Vp and Vp/Vs tomography

High resolution Vp and Vp/Vs tomography of the Campi Flegrei caldera is obtained using active and passive seismic data. We find a continuous ring of high Vp anomaly that defines the caldera rim associated to the last collapse. A sharp Vp/Vs decrease is observed between 2 and 4 km depth, suggesting the absence of magmatic fluids and the presence of rock volumes with over‐pressured gas within the source region of uplift. Atmospheric water penetrating within the caldera and deep CO2 fluids are presumably heated by a magmatic body located at depth greater than 4 km nested within the limestone layer. Along the fractures bordering the shallow high Vp rim, deep gas and CO2 fluids up‐raise and are released in the Pozzuoli solfatara. We hypothesize that the past unrest episode is more likely due to pressure changes within the shallow geothermal reservoir located at the top of the magma intrusion.
ON THE WHITE AND COLOURED MARBLES OF THE ROMAN TOWN OF CUICUL (DJEMILA, ALGERIA)

This paper reports the results of an archaeometric study of the local and imported marbles found in the Roman town of Cuicul (now Djemila, Algeria), a research project funded by the Sixth Framework Programme of the European Union. Of the few imported coloured lithotypes that have been found, four are of Greek origin and one was imported from Asia Minor. In addition, two other classical Roman coloured stones found on the site are probably of local North African origin (most likely one from Numidia and one from Algeria). With regard to the grey and white marbles employed in the statuary and architecture, petrographic study in thin section and the δ 13 C and δ 18 O isotopic data emphasize the frequent use of the local fine-grained lithotype from Filfila (Skikda) together with imported Greek lithotypes (i.e., Pentelic marble, the dolomitic variety of Thasian marble, and Parian marble from Lakkoi) as well as different varieties of the so-called 'greco scritto', whose provenance in some cases still remains uncertain. In fact, the petrographic and geochemical features of the marbles do not always match those known for the classical 'greco scritto'from the quarry of Cap de Garde, near Annaba (Algeria).
Determinants of users’ engagement with official military Instagram accounts

Los ejércitos modernos buscan incrementar sus audicencias empleando métricas como la interacción para determinar el éxito y popularidad de sus publicaciones. Este artículo continúa con investigaciones previas sobre el contenido de las cuentas oficiales de los ejércitos en Instagram, estudiando los principales condicionantes de la interacción de los usuarios con las cuentas militares. Siguiendo este propósito, se ha seleccionado una muestra procedente de los ejércitos de Francia, Israel, España, Australia y EEUU en 2021 (n=1922). Los resultados proporcionan pruebas de una correlación estadística entre los niveles de interacción y la estructura y temas de la publicación. Aquellas publicaciones referentes a las consecuencias de la práctica militar, como víctimas mortales o la participación en conflictos, generan altos niveles de interacción. Sin embargo, los usuarios tienden a interactuar menos con aquellas publicaciones informativas o relativas a actividades no militares. La conclusión señala algunas recomendaciones para mejorar la comunicación pública en Instagram y plantea futuras líneas de investigación con la diplomacia pública de los militares.
Useful Properties of the System Matrix for a Homogeneous Anisotropic Visco-Elastic Solid

For the computation of synthetic seismograms in a generally anisotropic layered earth it is necessary to find the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the first order elastic system matrix A for many values of wavenumber and frequency. The analytical formulas used to construct the eigenvectors of A in the isotropic case are not available in the general anisotropic case so one must use numerical methods whose speed often depends on an efficient use of the properties of A. First we review the symmetries of A and the conditions under which A is not semi-simple. Then we construct a perturbation theory for the eigenvectors of A. Finally we show how to make A symmetric so that special techniques for symmetric matrices, such as Jacobi iteration, can be used. All the results given here remain valid when the medium is attenuating, i.e. when the elastic coefficients are complex.
Automating the Analysis of Remotely Sensed Data

Land cover is a complex phenomenon, its appearance and transition influenced by the soil, topography, climate, politics, ecology, and other aspects of land use. An operational study of land-cover change must consider such factors, and, if automation is to be employed, a new approach to software architecture and reasoning is required. The Macaulay Institute has developed the concept of task orientation as a means of supporting such work, and is currently investigating its utility in the update of the Land Cover of Scotland (1988) dataset. This paper describes the motivation behind the development of ETORA-II, an operational toolkit providing a task-orientated capability, and SYMOLAC-II, a proof-of-concept application. The final aim of this work is to produce an environmental information system for Scotland’s land cover.
THE POLITICS OF PUPPETRY: STUDYING THE PLAY AMAR SINGH RATHORE: KATHPUTLI-KA-KHEL AS A CHALLENGE TO HEGEMONIC CONSTRUCTION

Rajasthan is widely considered as the hub of folk art and folk theatre. Puppetry also known as Kathputli is performed by the Bhat community precisely which renders them as an inevitable part of oral literature and also as the main contributor in documenting history of Kings. The artform of Puppetry has always been a genre that never fails to capture immediate attention and has the power to bind the audience, compelling them to think as to what the puppet masters of the Bhat community are trying to point out. Our reasons for choosing Puppetry as the prime focus of our small project has been inspired by the same argument. Folklore has immense aesthetic and traditional values for every region. The way it ranges from talking about mythical celestial heroes to kings and their kingdoms, kathputli tradition has incorporated it all. Our inclination towards the art of string Puppetry is undeniable. The efficiency with which the Bhats have employed their skills to demolish the hegemonic constructions, depicts that their methods are nothing short of perfection. This article attempts to venture into this very discourse, unravelling the politicised stance of Puppetry in decentring the hegemony of caste/class construction.
Global profiling of the proteome, phosphoproteome, and N-glycoproteome of protoscoleces and adult worms of Echinococcus granulosus

Introduction Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a chronic zoonosis caused by infection with the metacestode of the Echinococcus granulosus. A unique characteristic of E. granulosus protoscolex (PSC) is their ability to develop bidirectionally into an adult worm in the definitive host or a secondary hydatid cyst in the intermediate host. Furthermore, cestodes have a complex life cycle involving different developmental stages; however, the mechanisms underlying this development remain unknown. Several studies have demonstrated that certain matrix proteins undergo posttranslational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation and glycosylation, which have important regulatory effects on their functional properties. Methods Systematic analyses of the proteome, phosphorylated modified proteome, and glycosylated modified proteome of protoscoleces (PSCs) and adult worms were performed using a proteomic strategy. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD043166. Results In total, 6,407 phosphorylation sites and 1757 proteins were quantified. Of these, 2032 phosphorylation sites and 770 proteins were upregulated, and 2,993 phosphorylation sites and 1,217 proteins were downregulated in adult worms compared to PSCs. A total of 612 N-glycosylation sites were identified in the 392 N-glycoproteins. Of these, 355 N-glycosylation sites and 212 N-glycoproteins were quantified. Of these, 90 N-glycosylation sites and 64 N-glycoproteins were upregulated, and 171 N-glycosylation sites and 126 N-glycoproteins were downregulated in adult worms compared to PSCs. GO enrichment analysis indicated that the differentially expressed phosphoproteins were mainly enriched in the regulation of oxidoreduction coenzyme metabolic processes, myelin sheath, and RNA helicase activity, whereas the differentially expressed N-glycoproteins were enriched in the cellular response to unfolded proteins, endoplasmic reticulum lumen, and nucleic acid binding. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the differently expressed phosphoproteins were mainly enriched in RNA transport, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, HIF-1 signaling pathway and pyruvate metabolism. Differentially expressed N-glycoproteins were enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, ECM-receptor interactions, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. Discussion To our knowledge, this study is the first global phosphoproteomic and N-glycoproteomic analysis of E. granulosus, which provides valuable information on the expression characteristics of E. granulosus and provides a new perspective to elucidate the role of protein phosphorylation and N-glycosylation in the development of E. granulosus.
The Socio-Economic Impact of Migrant Remittances on Life Expectancy and Education in El Salvador

This article examines the correlation between migrant remittances received by communities in El Salvador and two important indicators of human development, life expectancy and school retention. Data from the 2004 national household survey (EHPM) in El Salvador was used to create regression models to determine the incremental impact of remittances on life expectancy and average education level attained across the 262 municipalities of El Salvador. The results revealed that dollar amount of remittances had a statistically significant positive relationship with life expectancy, but a similar variable, the percent of people receiving remittances, which represents penetration of migrant remittances throughout communities, had a statistically significant inverse relationship with life expectancy. Similarly the education model showed that dollar amount of remittances was correlated with better school retention, but that the percent of people receiving remittances in a given community was correlated with lower levels of school retention. This article explains these issues and examines possible explanations for these differences, including the possibility that while dollar amount of remittances may ease financial constraints and improve certain conditions for households, the psychological effects of widespread migration may have the opposite effect on households and the wider community.
Water resources issues in the developing countries

The focus of this special section are the problems and issues regarding water development in developing countries. A significant number of the populations in developing countries do not have access to satisfactory water supplies. This problem is especially acute in the rural areas. The planning process has routinely failed to lead to successful projects. Often the projects do not pass the simplest of benefit-cost analyses. Further, the institutional framework that is developed for the administration of the projects is often flawed. The papers in this special section address these issues.
The place of dichotomous structures in the thought system of János Kornai

The most significant concept of János Kornai's oeuvre is the shortage economy theory as it was presented in Anti-equilibrium more than fifty years ago. According to this, modern economies are never in equilibrium. On the markets of goods and services, the aggregate demand is either significantly higher or significantly lower than the aggregate supply. This dichotomous model is discussed in the first part of the paper.After the collapse of the communist system in 1989/90, shortages disappeared everywhere unexpectedly quickly. But it was also an unexpected development that the institutions of liberal democracy have not developed in several countries and/or collapsed after a short period. Regarding Hungary, Kornai issued an alarm signal at the turn of 2010/2011. He was the first who said that the Orbán regime had turned the country into an autocracy in barely a year. The second part of the paper examines whether Kornai's assertion, shared by many transition-economy specialist, that there are only two political systems (democracies and autocracies) is adequate for the entire range of post-socialist countries. The author's answer to this question is negative.
Influence of Cations and Anions on the Electrical Conductivity Measurements of Ground Waters

Studios to find out the contribution of various ions to the electrical conductivity were conducted, using pure salt solutions and correlation studies to find out the relationship between electrical conductivity, total solids and various ions, using results of water analysis were taken up. It was found that electrical conductivity value was highly correlated with CI, SO, and HCO,. The contribution of Hсо, and CO, to electriel conductivity was very low. A method using a regression equation was proposed to avoid the gravimetric estimation of SO and a method of calculating various ions using the above method in analysis of water samples and in alkalinity studies of soils has been indicated.
Protein, Amino Acid and Carbohydrate Content of Fungal Treated Annual and Perennial Wheat Straw

The use of wheat straw as a cellulose containing raw material for the production of sugars and other biologically valuable products can solve the problem of food products shortages, by supplying oligosaccharides, xylose and other valuable metabolites of microbial synthesis. In our experiment, straw of annual spring wheat of the Tulkibas variety and perennial wheat of the Sova variety was added to the enzyme solutions of Trichoderma harzianum 121 and Aspergillus awamori F-RKM 0719 strains. As a result, the variant A. awamori F-RKM 0719 + Sova straw showed the highest level of nitrogen (1.05%) and protein (6.5%). The highest concentration of amino acids, 7.14 mg/ml, was found in the perennial wheat sample, while the lowest concentration, 1.32 mg/ml, in the annual wheat sample. The total carbohydrate content in the straw of the annual and perennial wheat varieties differed, namely, the perennial wheat straw with the addition of A. awamori F-RKM 0719, contained fructose in the amount of 0.0079 mg/g, while in the annual wheat it was absent. The glucose content in the perennial wheat straw was three times higher than in the annual wheat straw, 0.0144 and 0.0035 mg/g, respectively. Based on our results, we recommend wheat straw for the use as a raw material for chemical and microbiological processing.
Geomechanical analysis of fluid injection and seismic fault slip for the Mw4.8 Timpson, Texas, earthquake sequence

An earthquake sequence that culminated in a Mw4.8 strike‐slip event near Timpson, east Texas, the largest reported earthquake to date in that region, had previously been attributed to wastewater injection starting 17 months before the onset of recorded seismic activity. To test if this earthquake sequence can be attributed to wastewater injection, we conducted coupled poroelastic finite element simulations to assess the spatial and temporal evolution of pore pressure and stress field in the vicinity of the injection wells and to calculate the Coulomb failure stress on the seismogenic fault as a function of the permeability of the injection layer, fault orientation, fault permeability, and orientation and magnitude of the in situ stress. We find that injection‐induced fault slip is plausible within the range of selected model input parameters, with slip favored by low reservoir permeability, low fault permeability, and a favorable orientation of the fault relative to the in situ stress state. Other combinations of equally plausible input parameters predict no slip within 96 months of simulated injection. Under most favorable boundary conditions for fault slip, fault slip occurs 7 months after the start of injection. Our results highlight the importance of detailed geomechanical site characterization for robust fault stability assessment prior to wastewater injection.
31. DATA REPORT: BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF EOCENE AND UPPER CRETACEOUS CHALKS FROM THE ERATOSTHENES SEAMOUNT REGION IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN 1

During Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 160, four sites were drilled along a south to north transect across the Eratosthenes Seamount in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (Fig. 1). Because deep drilling of the Eratosthenes Seamount structure had not previously been conducted, the sediment and rock samples collected during Leg 160 are the sole sources of tangible geologic data regarding the composition and age of this dominant bathymetric feature. The oldest material suitable for nannofossil biostratigraphy, which consisted of middle to lower Eocene and upper Cretaceous chalks, was collected from Holes 966F and 967E (Emeis, Robertson, Richter, et al., 1996). A semiquantitative study of calcareous nannofossils from the Eocene and Cretaceous chalks from the Eratosthenes Seamount are detailed in this data report.
On Trans-Saharan Trails

This study is the first of its kind to examine the history and organization of trans-Saharan trade in western Africa using original source material. It documents the internal dynamics of a trade network system based on a case study of 'Berber' traders from the WA d NA«n region, who specialized in outfitting camel caravans in the nineteenth century. Through an examination of contracts, correspondence, fatwas and interviews with retired caravaners, Professor Lydon shows how traders used their literacy skills in Arabic and how they had recourse to experts of Islamic law to regulate their long-distance transactions. The book also examines the strategies devised by women to participate in caravan trade. By embracing a continental approach, this study bridges the divide between West African and North African studies. The work will be of interest to historians of Africa, the Middle East, and the world and to scholars of long-distance trade, Muslim societies and Islamic law.