Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DE-ETIOLATED1 has a role in the circadian clock of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha.

Previous studies of plant circadian clock evolution have often relied on clock models and genes defined in Arabidopsis. These studies identified homologs with seemingly conserved function, as well as frequent gene loss. In the present study, we aimed to identify candidate clock genes in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha using a more unbiased approach. To identify genes with circadian rhythm we sequenced the transcriptomes of gemmalings in a time series in constant light conditions. Subsequently, we performed functional studies using loss-of-function mutants and gene expression reporters. Among the genes displaying circadian rhythm a homolog to the transcriptional co-repressor AtDE-ETIOLATED1 showed high amplitude and morning phase. Because AtDET1 is arrhythmic and associated with the morning gene function of AtCCA1/LHY, a gene family absent in liverworts, we functionally studied DET1 in M. polymorpha. We found that the circadian rhythm of MpDET1 expression is disrupted in loss-of-function mutants of core clock genes and putative evening-complex genes. MpDET1 knock-down in turn results in altered circadian rhythm of nyctinastic thallus movement and clock gene expression. We could not detect any effect of MpDET1 knock-down on circadian response to light, suggesting that MpDET1 has a yet unknown function in the M. polymorpha circadian clock.
Impact of human papillomavirus in sinonasal cancer—a systematic review

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an established prognostic marker in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Currently, the role of HPV in sinonasal carcinoma is being explored. Objectives This systematic review addresses the role of HPV in sinonasal cancer, establishing the occurrence of HPV-positive cancers and the influence of HPV-positivity on prognosis in sinonasal cancer as well as the utility of the putative surrogate marker of HPV (p16) in sinonasal cancer. Material and methods Studies were identified with searches of Medline via PubMed and Embase via OVID (4 May 2020). Articles on original research concerning sinonasal cancer and HPV in humans written in English were included. Case reports with less than five cases were excluded. Results Initially, 545 articles were identified; 190 duplicate articles were removed leaving 355 articles for title/abstract screening. Title/abstract screening excluded 243 articles, leaving 112 studies assessed for eligibility. After full-text screening, 57 studies were included. All articles investigated the significance of HPV in sinonasal carcinomas. HPV was reported in approximately 30% of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC), where it was associated with a better prognosis. In sinonasal cancer, p16 is associated with diagnostic pitfalls and a putative utility of p16 in SNSCC has yet to be established. HPV was not frequently reported in other types of sinonasal carcinomas, besides the recently described subtype, HPV-dependent Multiphenotypic Sinonasal Carcinoma. In other types of sinonasal carcinoma, HPV is not frequently found. Conclusion Approximately 30% of SNSCC are HPV-positive. HPV-positivity in SNSCC is associated with improved survival. HPV occurs only rarely in other sinonasal cancers. There is currently not sufficient evidence for p16 as a surrogate marker of HPV in SNSCC.
Increased professionalization and lower burnout scores were associated with structured residency training program: results of a cross sectional survey

ABSTRACT The competence centre for Residency Training in Family Medicine Bavaria (CCRTB) was established to improve the quality of postgraduate medical education by offering training and mentoring programmes for residents, and by providing train-the-trainer and mentoring courses for supervisors. Beyond that, regional Residency Training Networks (RTN) on avoluntary basis were developed to facilitate structured and efficient clinical rotation programs. Primary aim was to investigate the burden of burnout and the development of professionalism among CCRTB-residencies within a cross-sectional study. Secondary aim was to evaluate differences between CCRTB-residents with and without participation in aregional RTN. Burnout was determined with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), comprising the scales emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Ambulatory professionalization was evaluated using the German Professional Scale (Pro-D), comprising the scales professionalism towards the patient, towards other professionals, towards society, and towards oneself. Statistical significance of group differences was calculated by nonparametric tests. Multivariable linear regression modelling was performed to estimate the independent impact of professionalization and RTN participation on burnout scores. 347 CRRTB residents in ambulatory postgraduate training were invited, 212 (61.1%) participated, and 197 (92.9%) were included in our analyses. Lower emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and increased personal accomplishment was associated with increased professionalisation, which was significant for nearly all Pro-D scales (p ≤ 0.05). RTN residents showed higher professionalism towards the patient (p = 0.031), other professionals (p = 0.012), and towards the society (p = 0.007) than residents of unstructured programs, and higher levels of personal accomplishment (p < 0.05). Early and efficient professionalization might be akey to reduce burnout and to establish asatisfying career in family medicine. Train-the-trainer and mentoring concepts should be implemented regularly for the training of residents. Thus, increased engagement in medical didactics should be aprerequisite for accreditation as atraining practice for residents.
Composition-Dependent Stress Oscillations in a Dilute Suspension under Shear

This study presents empirical evidence that dilute particle-polymer suspensions exhibit composition-dependent stress oscillations at constant shear rate. In ethanol/toluene co-solvent suspensions, an increase in the ethanol concentration promoted a transition of the particle-polymer suspension from a stable state, through an oscillating state with well-defined periodicity, toward an unstable mode with multiple frequency peaks. This transition corresponded to increases in the gyration radii of the polymer chains in the fluids. Furthermore, the opposite transition from an unstable state to stable states was observed with increasing polymer concentrations. In contrast, the extent of the transition was curtailed in cyclohexane/toluene suspension, in which both the shear stress and gyration radius remained constant with negligible dependence on the fluid composition. These facts indicate that the non-hydrodynamic deletion attractions among particles play a significant role in influencing the stress instability of polymer-particle suspensions.
Draft Metagenomes of Endolithic Cyanobacteria and Cohabitants from Hyper-Arid Deserts

Cyanobacteria are essential to microbial communities inhabiting translucent rocks in hyper-arid deserts. Metagenomic studies revealed unique adaptations of these cyanobacteria, but validation of the corresponding metabolic pathways remained challenging without access to isolates. Here, we present high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes for cyanobacteria, and their heterotrophic companions, isolated from endolithic substrates. ABSTRACT Cyanobacteria are essential to microbial communities inhabiting translucent rocks in hyper-arid deserts. Metagenomic studies revealed unique adaptations of these cyanobacteria, but validation of the corresponding metabolic pathways remained challenging without access to isolates. Here, we present high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes for cyanobacteria, and their heterotrophic companions, isolated from endolithic substrates.
Increased Levels of Short-Chain Ceramides Modify the Lipid Organization and Reduce the Lipid Barrier of Skin Model Membranes

The skin barrier function is attributed to the stratum corneum (SC) intercellular lipid matrix, which is composed primarily of ceramides (CERs), free fatty acids, and cholesterol. These lipids are organized in two lamellar phases: the short and long periodicity phases (SPP and LPP), respectively. The LPP is considered important for the skin barrier function. High levels of short-chain CERs are observed in various inflammatory skin diseases and have been correlated with barrier dysfunction. In this research, we investigated how the increase in the fraction of the short-chain CER with a nonhydroxy C16 acyl chain linked to a C18 sphingosine base CER NS(C16) at the expense of the physiological chain length CER NS with a C24 acyl chain (CER NS(C24)) impacts the microstructure and barrier function of a lipid model that mimicked certain characteristics of the SC lipid organization. The permeability and lipid organization of the model membranes were compared with that of a control model without CER NS(C16). The permeability increased significantly when ≥50% of CER NS(C24) was substituted with CER NS(C16). Employing biophysical techniques, we showed that the lipid packing density reduced with an increasing proportion of CER NS(C16). Substitution of 75% of CER NS(C24) by CER NS(C16) resulted in the formation of phase-separated lipid domains and alteration of the LPP structure. Using deuterium-labeled lipids enabled simultaneous characterization of the C24 and C16 acyl chains in the lipid models, providing insight into the mechanisms underlying the reduced skin barrier function in diseased skin.
One-pot catalytic conversion of carbohydrates into furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

Recently, there has been growing interest in the transformation of renewable biomass into value-added chemicals and biofuels. Among them, furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) have received great attention as precursors in the synthesis of a lot of commodity chemicals and liquid fuels. Furfural and HMF can be easily produced from the dehydration of xylose and fructose over acid catalysts, respectively. However, the use of xylose and fructose is limited in large-scale production of furans due to their high cost. Therefore, much effort has been devoted to the synthesis of furfural from xylan and hemicelluloses and HMF from glucose based carbohydrates over different catalysts, particularly with two catalytic sites. Herein, we will provide an overview of the methods developed in recent years to synthesize furfuran and HMF from carbohydrates by using the “one-pot” strategy and discuss major challenges involved in the large scale production of furfural and HMF.
Proteome difference among the salivary proteins adsorbed onto metallic orthodontic brackets and hydroxyapatite discs

The aim of this study was to investigate the atomic composition and the proteome of the salivary proteins adsorbed on the surface of orthodontic metallic bracket. For this, the atomic composition of orthodontic metallic brackets was analyzed with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The acquired bracket pellicle was characterized after brackets were immersed in human whole saliva supernatant for 2 hours at 37°C. Hydroxyapatite (HA) discs were used as a control. Acquired pellicle was harvested from the HA discs (n = 12) and from the metallic brackets (n = 12). Proteomics based on mass spectrometry technology was used for salivary protein identification and characterization. Results showed that most of the proteins adsorbed on the surface of orthodontic metallic brackets and on the HA discs were identified specifically to each group, indicating a small overlapping between the salivary proteins on each study group. A total of 311 proteins present on the HA discs were unique to this group while 253 proteins were unique to metallic brackets, and only 45 proteins were common to the two groups. Even though most proteins were unique to each study group, proteins related to antimicrobial activity, lubrication, and remineralization were present in both groups. These findings demonstrate that the salivary proteins adsorbed on the bracket surface are dependent on the material molecular composition.
Post-embryonic development and aging of the appendicular skeleton in Ambystoma mexicanum

Background The axolotl is a key model organism for studying appendicular regeneration in vertebrates. The axolotl limb complexity resembles that of humans in structure and tissue components; however, axolotl limbs develop post-embryonically. In this work, we evaluated the post-embryonic development of the appendicular skeleton and its changes with aging. Results Juvenile skeletal elements are formed mostly by SOX9+/COL1A2+ cartilage cells. Ossification of the appendicular skeleton starts when animals reach a total length of 10 cm, and cartilage cells are replaced by a primary ossification center, consisting of cortical bone and an adipocyte-filled marrow cavity. Vascularization is associated to the ossification center and to the formation of the marrow cavity. We identified the contribution of Col1a2+ cells to bone and adipocytes. Moreover, ossification progresses with age towards the epiphyses of long bones. Even though axolotls are neotenic salamanders, ossification remains responsive to L-thyroxine, increasing the rate of bone formation. Conclusions Bone maturation is a continuous process in axolotls that extends throughout the life span of the axolotls. Ossification of the appendicular bones is slow and continues until the complete element is ossified. The cellular components of the appendicular skeleton change accordingly during ossification, creating a heterogenous landscape in each element.
Pulmonary hypertension in the child with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic lung disease of prematurity resulting from complex interactions of perinatal factors that often lead to prolonged respiratory support and increased pulmonary morbidity. There is also growing appreciation for the dysmorphic pulmonary bed characterized by vascular growth arrest and remodeling, resulting in pulmonary vascular disease and its most severe form, pulmonary hypertension (PH) in children with BPD. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the pathophysiology of PH in children with BPD, evaluate the current recommendations for screening and diagnosis of PH, discern associated comorbid conditions, and outline the current treatment options.
Integrating Cloud Condensation Nuclei Predictions with Fast Time Resolved Aerosol Instrumentation to Determine the Hygroscopic Properties of Emissions Over Transient Drive Cycles

The physical and chemical properties of aerosols emitted from vehicles can vary in composition under different driving conditions. Thus, characterizing ephemeral changes in aerosol cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity and apparent hygroscopicity for vehicle-testing procedures conducted over transient drive cycles can be challenging. To evaluate CCN activity of these emitted aerosols, a closure method integrating traditional CCN measurements with fast time resolved aerosol instrumentation typically used to measure engine exhaust was utilized. Calibration of the method predicted activation diameters, Dd, within 10% and 15% of Dd derived from Köhler theory for two stable sources, aerosolized ammonium sulfate and α-pinene secondary organic aerosol, respectively. It was then applied to a transient source to estimate the effect of six different ethanol and iso-butanol gasoline blends on the hygroscopic properties of emissions downstream a gasoline direct injection light duty passenger vehicle over transient drive cycles. To describe the CCN activity, a single hygroscopicity parameter, kappa, was used. Results indicate low CCN activity with kappa ranging between ~0.002 and 0.06. Copyright 2015 American Association for Aerosol Research
Etude de nanofils de silicium comme matériau d'électrode négative de batterie lithium-ion

Le silicium est un materiau d’electrode prometteur pour augmenter la capacite de stockage des batteries Li-ion. Il subit malheureusement d’importantes variations de volume lors du cyclage qui diminuent la duree de vie des electrodes. Une des cles pour remedier a ce probleme est l’utilisation de nanofils de silicium, synthetises par depot chimique en phase vapeur, pouvant accommoder plus facilement ces variations de volume. La these presentee ici s’attache a etudier les performances de ce nouveau type d’electrode et les possibilites d’amelioration en vue d’une utilisation en batterie Li-ion. Dans un premier temps, des analyses par resonance magnetique nucleaire (RMN), spectroscopie de perte d’energie des electrons et tomographie electronique ont ete effectuees a differents stades du premier cycle afin d’etudier l’insertion et l’extraction du lithium dans ce materiau. Differentes strategies de cyclage ont ensuite ete abordees pour augmenter la duree de vie. Des analyses ex-situ d’electrodes par microscopie electronique et RMN ont alors permis de mieux comprendre le vieillissement, mettant notamment en evidence la degradation continue de l’electrolyte sur le silicium qui est a l’origine d’une consommation irreversible de lithium. La prelithiation des electrodes apparait comme une voie prometteuse pour remedier a ce probleme. Enfin, de nouvelles structures plus denses a base de nano-arbres de silicium ont ete synthetisees et ont permis de multiplier par plus d’un facteur 6 la capacite surfacique. Ce travail ouvre ainsi des perspectives interessantes pour l’elaboration de cellules lithium-ion completes de grande densite d’energie utilisant une anode de silicium nanostructuree.
Coexpression of the discoidin domain receptor 1 gene with oligodendrocyte‐related and schizophrenia risk genes in the developing and adult human brain

Discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 1 (DDR1) is present in multiple types of epithelial cells and is highly expressed in the nervous system. Previous studies have revealed that DDR1 is involved in schizophrenia (SCZ). Although the expression of DDR1 in oligodendrocytes has been described, its role in brain myelination is not well understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the coexpression network of DDR1 in the human brain and to compare the list of DDR1 coexpressing genes with the list of genes containing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with SCZ.
Influence of captivity and selection on limb long bone cross‐sectional morphology of reindeer

The emergence of pastoralism and animal husbandry has been a critical point in the history of human evolution. Beyond profound behavioural changes in domesticated animals compared to wild ones, characterising the morphological changes associated with domestication process remains challenging. Because reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) can be considered to still be in the early phases of the domestication process, the study of modern populations provides a unique opportunity to examine the impact of captivity and selective breeding on skeletal changes. In this work, we investigated the morphological changes in long limb bone cross‐sections using 137 wild and domestic reindeer individuals bred in free‐range, in captivity or used for racing and pulling. The shape and shaft cortical thickness of the six long limb bones (i.e., humerus, radioulna, metacarpal, femur, tibia and metatarsal) were measured using a 2D‐geometric morphometrics approach taking into account subspecies, sex, body mass and lifestyle differences. These bones are important to understanding functional morphological changes because they can provide information on feeding and locomotor behaviours, as well as on body propulsion and weight bearing. Apart from the effects of taxonomy, etho‐ecology and sex, we have found that captivity and selection induced important variations in the size and body mass of modern reindeer. Our results also showed that patterns of variation in cortical bone thickness of long limb bone cross‐sections were strongly impacted by body mass and human‐imposed restrictions in roaming. This demonstrates that bone cross‐sections can provide information on changes in locomotor, reproductive and feeding behaviours induced by the domestication process. These results are valuable not only for (paleo) biologists studying the impact of captivity and selection in ungulates but also for archaeologists exploring the origins of domestication and early herding strategies.
Chimeric antigen receptor‐modified human regulatory T cells that constitutively express IL‐10 maintain their phenotype and are potently suppressive

Clinical trials of Treg therapy in transplantation are currently entering phases IIa and IIb, with the majority of these employing polyclonal Treg populations that harbor a broad specificity. Enhancing Treg specificity is possible with the use of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which can be customized to respond to a specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA). In this study, we build on our previous work in the development of HLA‐A2 CAR‐Tregs by further equipping cells with the constitutive expression of interleukin 10 (IL‐10) and an imaging reporter as additional payloads. Cells were engineered to express combinations of these domains and assessed for phenotype and function. Cells expressing the full construct maintained a stable phenotype after transduction, were specifically activated by HLA‐A2, and suppressed alloresponses potently. The addition of IL‐10 provided an additional advantage to suppressive capacity. This study therefore provides an important proof‐of‐principle for this cell engineering approach for next‐generation Treg therapy in transplantation.
Affective states in digital game-based learning: Thematic evolution and social network analysis

Research has indicated strong relationships between learners’ affect and their learning. Emotions relate closely to students’ well-being, learning quality, productivity, and interaction. Digital game-based learning (DGBL) has been widely recognized to be effective in enhancing learning experiences and increasing student motivation. The field of emotions in DGBL has become an active research field with accumulated literature available, which calls for a comprehensive understanding of the up-to-date literature concerning emotions in virtual DGBL among students at all educational levels. Based on 393 research articles collected from the Web of Science, this study, for the first time, explores the current advances and topics in this field. Specifically, thematic evolution analysis is conducted to explore the evolution of topics that are categorized into four different groups (i.e., games, emotions, applications, and analytical technologies) in the corpus. Social network analysis explores the co-occurrences between topics to identify their relationships. Interesting results are obtained. For example, with the integration of diverse applications (e.g., mobiles) and analytical technologies (e.g., learning analytics and affective computing), increasing types of affective states, socio-emotional factors, and digital games are investigated. Additionally, implications for future research include 1) children’s anxiety/attitude and engagement in collaborative gameplay, 2) individual personalities and characteristics for personalized support, 3) emotion dynamics, 4) multimodal data use, 5) game customization, 6) balance between learners’ skill levels and game challenge as well as rewards and learning anxiety.
The advent of the cDNA and oligonucleotide microarray accelerated the rate of discovery of genetic interplay by simultaneously monitoring thousands of genes in a single experiment (12,

Acknowledgment: This work is supported by NIH NHLBI RO1 073087 to CKS. In addition, microarray related research in the laboratory is supported by NIH GM069589 and NS42617 to CKS. Correspondence: Professor Chandan K. Sen 512 Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute The Ohio State University Medical Center 473 W. 12 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 Tel. 614 247 7658; Fax 614 247 7818 chandan.sen@osumc.edu Page 1 of 28