Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hardware-Efficient Design and Implementation of a Spiking Neural Model With Noisy Astrocyte

Neuromorphic architectures are systems that aim at using the principles of biological neural functions as their basis of operation. One of the most significant challenges in neuromorphic studies, which play an important role in information processing, is the investigation of astrocytes in neuronal models. This paper presents an efficient FPGA-based digital implementation of a spiking neuron model, known as the 2D Hindmarsh-Rose model, and neuron-astrocyte model. To avoid costly computations, the astrocyte and 2D Hindmarsh-Rose models were approximated. The approximation was performed based on multiple method such as the piecewise linear model (PWL) and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method. As known, noisy mechanisms are stochastic processes which help to improve information processing in nonlinear dynamical systems, including neural systems, and results in more realistic behaviors. Therefore, we presented the noise implications for the approximated neuron-astrocyte models. By introducing two networks consisting of ten 2D Hindmarsh-Rose neurons, the role of the approximated astrocyte in regulation of the neural activities and noise tolerance of the neural networks was investigated. Accordingly, the feasibility of the digital implementation for the proposed 2D Hindmarsh-Rose neuron and the neuron-astrocyte models was studied. Experimental findings of the hardware synthesis and physical implementation on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) were expounded for the modified spiking neuron model and the approximated astrocyte models with maximum clock frequencies of 247.35 MHz and 279.28 MHz, respectively, showed an increase by about 3.5 times in the frequency in both approximated models. The number of slice registers decreased by 22% and 20% in the proposed 2D Hindmarsh-Rose and astrocyte models, respectively. Also, the networks in the original and approximated 2D Hindmarsh-Rose neurons and astrocyte were synthesized on an FPGA platform. Maximum clock frequencies for both networks were 73.09 MHz and 182.18 MHz, respectively. Comparison of the synthesis results of the two networks showed decreases by 58% and 98% in the number of slice registers and the number of DSPs, respectively.
Highly Sensitive Miniaturized Octagonal DS-CSRR Sensor for Permittivity Measurement of Liquid Samples

This work considers the use of low-cost double split complementary split ring resonator (DS-CSRR)-based microwave sensor for the measurement of complex permittivity of liquid samples with high accuracy. The sensor has been designed to operate at 2.4 GHz of the industrial scientific and medical (ISM) band, where the optimized design has been chosen in accordance with the high shift in resonant frequency when liquids under tests (LUTs) are brought in contact with the resonator. The DS-CSRR sensor exhibits a very high normalized sensitivity of 1.52% based on the experimentation of ten common liquid samples covering a wide range (1–111) of dielectric constant values. Fit equations have been developed from the information of permittivity (real and imaginary parts) against the corresponding shift in resonant frequency and the magnitude of transmission coefficient ( $S_{21}$ ). With methanol and ethanol as unknown samples, their real and imaginary parts of permittivity have been successfully determined with very high accuracy. With the requirement of only microliter volume of the sample, the proposed sensor has been found to be highly capable of detecting permittivity of unknown samples as well as differentiating samples with decimal-level differences in permittivity. This promises the sensor to be an inexpensive and robust alternative to commercial sensors.
The carbon cycle: implications on tectonics and climate changes

Nowadays a general concern " flies" over the human community regarding the increase of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. Although there are authors that suggest anthropogenic influence of such increase after the discovery of agriculture (about 8,000 years ago; e.g., Ruddiman, 2003), it is evident that the industrial revolution the 19 th century in central Europe, when wood and coal were burned extensively to refine iron, definitely influenced the natural trend of CO 2 variation. Only in the last thirty years has the input rate of CO 2 become really fast, and will grow faster and faster in the near future, when developing countries like India and China will reach the standard of life of the western countries, requiring an increasing demand of per capita daily energy need. The greenhouse effect of carbon dioxide is a well-known phenomenon since the beginning of the 20
Spreading Dynamics of Capital Flow Transfer in Complex Financial Networks

The financial system, a complex network, operates primarily through the exchange of capital, where the role of information is critical. This study utilizes the transfer entropy method to examine the strength and direction of information flow among different capital flow time series and investigate the community structure within the transfer networks. Moreover, the spreading dynamics of the capital flow transfer networks are observed, and the importance and traveling time of each node are explored. The results imply a dominant role for the food and drink industry within the Chinese market, with increased attention towards the computer industry starting in 2014. The community structure of the capital flow transfer networks significantly differs from those constructed from stock prices, with the main sector predominantly encompassing industry leaders favored by primary funds with robust capital flow connections. The average traveling time from sectors such as food and drink, coal, and utilities to other sectors is the shortest, and the dynamic flow between these sectors displays a significant role. These findings highlight that comprehension of information flow and community structure within the financial system can offer valuable insights into market dynamics and help to identify key sectors and companies.
The Potential Usefulness of the Expanded Carrier Screening to Identify Hereditary Genetic Diseases: A Case Report from Real-World Data

Expanded carrier screening (ECS) means a comprehensive genetic analysis to evaluate an individual’s carrier status. ECS is becoming more frequently used, thanks to the availability of techniques such as next generation sequencing (NGS) and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), allowing for extensive genome-scale analyses. Here, we report the case of a couple who underwent ECS for a case of autism spectrum disorder in the male partner family. aCGH and whole-exome sequencing (WES) were performed in the couple. aCGH analysis identified in the female partner two deletions involving genes associated to behavioral and neurodevelopment disorders. No clinically relevant alterations were identified in the husband. Interestingly, WES analysis identified in the male partner a pathogenic variant in the LPL gene that is emerging as a novel candidate gene for autism. This case shows that ECS may be useful in clinical contexts, especially when both the partners are analyzed before conception, thus allowing the estimation of their risk to transmit an inherited condition. On the other side, there are several concerns related to possible incidental findings and difficult-to-interpret results. Once these limits are defined by the establishment of specific guidelines, ECS may have a greater diffusion.
Malicious Web Links Detection - A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms

"One of the most challenging categories of threats circulating into the online world is social engineering, with malicious web links, fake news, clickbait, and other tactics. Malware URLs are extremely dangerous because they represent the main propagating vector for web malware. Malicious web links detection is a challenging task because the detection mechanism should not influence the consumers’ online experience. The proposed solutions must be sensitive enough, and fast enough to perform the detection mechanism before the user accesses the link and downloads its content. Our paper proposes three goals. The main purpose of this paper is to refine a methodology for malicious web links detection that may be used to experiment with machine learning algorithms. Moreover, we propose to use this methodology for training and comparing several machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest, Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbor. The results are compared, justified, and placed in the malicious web links literature. In addition, we propose to identify the most relevant features and draw some observations about them. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 68T99, 68U99. 1998 CR Categories and Descriptors. 68T99 [Artificial Intelligence]: Applications and Expert Systems – Experiments for Malicious Web Links Detection; 68U99 [Management of Computing and Information Systems]: Security and Protection – Malicious Web Links. Key words and phrases. malicious web links detection, web-malware, artificial intelligence. "
Comparison of Immediate Versus Staged Complete Revascularisation in Patients Presenting With Acute Coronary Syndrome and Multivessel Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized and Non-randomized Studies

Acute myocardial infarction is a critical medical condition that poses a significant health burden, leading to substantial morbidity. Despite advancements in medical care, managing this condition is challenging for patients and society. The preferred approach appears to be comprehensive multivessel revascularization, yet the optimal timing remains uncertain. This study aims to compare immediate complete revascularisation and stage complete vascularization in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD). The Preferred Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines conducted the present meta-analysis. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using online databases, including PubMed, and EMBASE from 2010 onwards, to identify articles that compared cardiovascular outcomes between patients undergoing immediate and staged complete revascularization. We also searched Google Scholar for additional studies relevant to the present meta-analysis. The primary outcome assessed in this study was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), and revascularization. A total of 15 studies fulfilled pre-defined eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis. Our analysis shows that staged revascularization is associated with improved outcomes in patients with ACS and multivessel CAD, including all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality, without increasing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction, and the need for unplanned revascularization.
Lactate: A Theranostic Biomarker for Metabolic Psychiatry?

Alterations in neurometabolism and mitochondria are implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric conditions such as mood disorders and schizophrenia. Thus, developing objective biomarkers related to brain mitochondrial function is crucial for the development of interventions, such as central nervous system penetrating agents that target brain health. Lactate, a major circulatory fuel source that can be produced and utilized by the brain and body, is presented as a theranostic biomarker for neurometabolic dysfunction in psychiatric conditions. This concept is based on three key properties of lactate that make it an intriguing metabolic intermediate with implications for this field: Firstly, the lactate response to various stimuli, including physiological or psychological stress, represents a quantifiable and dynamic marker that reflects metabolic and mitochondrial health. Second, lactate concentration in the brain is tightly regulated according to the sleep–wake cycle, the dysregulation of which is implicated in both metabolic and mood disorders. Third, lactate universally integrates arousal behaviours, pH, cellular metabolism, redox states, oxidative stress, and inflammation, and can signal and encode this information via intra- and extracellular pathways in the brain. In this review, we expand on the above properties of lactate and discuss the methodological developments and rationale for the use of functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy for in vivo monitoring of brain lactate. We conclude that accurate and dynamic assessment of brain lactate responses might contribute to the development of novel and personalized therapies that improve mitochondrial health in psychiatric disorders and other conditions associated with neurometabolic dysfunction.
A Possible Unified Picture for the Connected Recurrent Magnetic Dipolarization, Quasi‐Periodic ENA Enhancement, SKR Low‐Frequency Extension and Narrowband Emission at Saturn

Magnetic Dipolarization, a hallmark indicator of the formation of field‐aligned currents, plays a crucial role in the energy dissipative processes that occur within planetary magnetospheres. Saturn's magnetic dipolarization was found to recur after one planetary rotation, suggesting a potential correlation with the corotating current systems. The observation of enhanced Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENA) within Saturn's inner magnetosphere serves as a diagnostic tool, revealing the existence of a rotating, dynamic Partial Ring Current (PRC) system. By utilizing multiple datasets from Cassini, this study advances the understanding of the interrelationship between ENA emission and magnetic dipolarization. Our results suggest the possibility of a coupling between the PRC system revealed by the ENA emission and magnetic dipolarization. Furthermore, a temporal correlation was found between the ENA emissions and two distinct radio emissions. This study discusses potential causal relationships among these phenomena and first time proposes a global unified physical picture.
A case study of the resettlement of nomads in Somalia.

This study provides a comprehensive profile of the resettlement program in Somalia and assesses the demographic and socioeconomic implications of settling Somalias nomadic population. Section 1 presents a brief background for Somalia and describes the 1974 drought and the resulting international relief efforts that led to the establishment of the Settlement Development Agency (SDA) and Coastal Development Project (CDP) resettlement programs. Section 2 discusses the primary objectives of Somalias resettlement program--to redistribute the population to reduce the ecological deterioration of the rangelands and to redirect urban growth into productive rural enterprises--and examines alternative resettlement strategies. Section 3 describes the 3 agricultural and the 3 fisheries settlement projects and their administrative and sociopolitical structure. It also provides information on the cultural socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the former nomad population; their access to basic social and educational services; the extent of the settlers integration with previously existing populations at the resettlement sites; and the settlement schemes occupational and income structure. Section 4 assesses the availability of infrastructure and social services the retention of settlers in settlement areas and the success of the SDA/CDP resettlement programs in meeting their primary objectives. Section 5 brings together the major findings of the study and highlights their policy implications.
Some Recent Results on High-Energy Proton Interactions

Recent experimental results about the energy behavior of the total cross sections, the share of elastic and inelastic contributions to them, the peculiar shape of the differential cross section and our guesses about the behavior of real and imaginary parts of the elastic scattering amplitude are discussed. The unitarity condition relates elastic and inelastic processes. Therefore it is used in the impact-parameter space to get some information about the shape of the interaction region of colliding protons by exploiting new experimental data. The obtained results are described.
Deep Filter Context Network for Click-Through Rate Prediction

The growth of e-commerce has led to the widespread use of DeepCTR technology. Among the various types, the deep interest network (DIN), deep interest evolution network (DIEN), and deep session interest network (DSIN) developed by Alibaba have achieved good results in practice. However, the above model’s use of filtering for the user’s own historical behavior sequences and the insufficient use of context features lead to reduced recommendation effectiveness. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel article model: the deep filter context network (DFCN). This improves the efficiency of the attention mechanism by adding a filter to filter out data in the user’s historical behavior sequence that differs greatly from the target advertisement. The DFCN pays attention to the context features through two local activation units. This model greatly improves the expressiveness of the model, offering strong environment-related attributes and the adaptive capability of the model, with a significant improvement of up to 0.0652 in the AUC metric when compared with our previously proposed DICN under different datasets.
The moderator effect of socioeconomic status on the relationship between parental financial teaching and financial literacy

The primary aim of this research was to investigate the potential moderating effect of parental Socioeconomic status (SES) on the association between parental financial education and the financial literacy of young black African individuals. Financial literacy was measured through financial knowledge, financial behaviour, financial attitudes, and financial decision-making. Parental SES was measured by parental income. A quantitative approach was adopted for this study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from young adults in South Africa. Moderated regression analysis was used to analyse data. The results showed that parental income did not moderate the relationship between parental financial teaching and financial decision-making. Furthermore, the results indicated that parental income moderated the relationship between parental financial teaching and financial knowledge, financial behaviour, and financial attitude. Therefore, the overall results indicated that the relationship between parental financial teaching and financial literacy is moderated by parental SES. This study represents one of the initial attempts to examine the moderated association between parental financial instruction, financial literacy, and parental socioeconomic status (SES). Government must improve parental SES as it influences parental financial teaching and financial literacy. This study concluded that parental SES is important as it moderates the relationship between parental financial teaching and financial literacy.
Discrete Electromagnetism With the Finite Integration Technique - Abstract

The Finite Integration Technique (FIT) is a consistent discretization scheme for Maxwell's equations in their integral form. The resulting matrix equations of the discretized fields can be used for efficient numerical simulations on modern computers. In addition, the basic algebraic properties of this discrete electromagnetic field theory allow to analytically and algebraically prove conservation properties with respect to energy and charge of the discrete formulation and gives an explanation of the stability properties of numerical time domain formulations.
3-Ferrocenyl-estra-1,3,5 (10)-triene-17-one: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, DFT Studies, and Its Binding to Human Serum Albumin Studied through Fluorescence Quenching and In Silico Docking Studies

3-ferrocenyl-estra-1,3,5 (10)-triene-17-one (2), [Fe(C5H5)(C24H25O3)], crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2. The cyclopentadienyl (Cp) rings adopt a nearly eclipsed conformation, and the Cp plane is tilted by 87.66° with respect to the substituted phenyl plane. An average Fe-C(Cp) bond length of 2.040(13) Å was determined, similar to the one reported for ferrocene. Hirshfeld surfaces and two-dimensional fingerprint plots were generated to analyze weak intermolecular C-H···π and C-H···O interactions. Density functional theory studies revealed a 1.15 kcal/mol rotational barrier for the C3-O1 single bound. Fluorescence quenching studies and in silico docking studies suggest that human serum albumin forms a complex with 2 via a static mechanism dominated by van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding interactions.
Characterisation of the Novel Filamentous Phage PMBT54 Infecting the Milk Spoilage Bacteria Pseudomonas carnis and Pseudomonas lactis

Filamentous bacteriophages are lysogenic and pseudo-lysogenic viruses that do not lyse their host but are often continuously secreted from the infected cell. They belong to the order Tubulavirales, which encompasses three families, with the Inoviridae being the largest. While the number of identified inoviral sequences has greatly increased in recent years due to metagenomic studies, morphological and physiological characterisation is still restricted to only a few members of the filamentous phages. Here, we describe the novel filamentous phage PMBT54, which infects the spoilage-relevant Pseudomonas species P. carnis and P. lactis. Its genome is 7320 bp in size, has a mol% GC content of 48.37, and codes for 13 open-reading frames, two of which are located on the (−) strand. The virion exhibits a typical filamentous morphology and is secreted from the host cell at various lengths. The phage was shown to promote biofilm formation in both host strains and, therefore, has potential implications for milk spoilage, as biofilms are a major concern in the dairy industry.
Impact of anti-sticking coating technology on shear strength at the clay-metal interface in cohesive strata

The shield machine is clogged frequently when tunneling in cohesive strata. Shield clogging is closely linked to the shear strength exhibited at the clay-metal interface. To investigate the impact of anti-sticking coating technology on the shear strength at the clay-metal interface, a series of direct shear tests were conducted. The obtained test results revealed an initial increase in shear stress at the clay-metal interface as shear displacement increased, eventually reaching a state of stabilization. The shear strength exhibited a gradual increase initially, followed by a significant increase, and eventually reached a plateau with the rise in the consistency index. It was observed that the adhesion between the anti-adhesion coating and clay was relatively weak, but the presence of the anti-adhesion coating effectively reduced the risk of shield clogging.
The Influence of Willa Cather'sFrench-Canadian NeighborsIn Nebraska in Death Comes For TheArchbishop and Shadows on the Rock

Will a Cather's high regard for French tradiComes for the Archbishop and Shadows on the tions and culture is reflected in many of her Rock as her French Catholic novels because of writings, including the novels O Pioneers! the heritage and faith of their main charac (1913), One of Ours (1922), The Professor's ters. Edith Lewis, Cather's long-time compan House (1925), Death Comes for the Archbishop ion, recorded that, for Cather herself, writing (1927), Shadows on the Rock (1931), and her the second of these two books served as a kind last, unfinished narrative set in Avignon. Of of continuation of the "Catholic feeling and these works, readers sometimes think of Death tradition" of the first.2 French culture can be seen not only in the religious beliefs of the characters and the ar chitecture of their churches but in the domes tic life Cather portrays in these two works. The devotion of the main characters to their families and to the traditional arts of garden ing, preparing food, and keeping well-ordered Kathleen Danker teaches at South Dakota State