Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discrepancy in Sterol Usage between Two Polyphagous Caterpillars, Mythimna separata and Spodoptera frugiperda

Simple Summary Mythimna separata and Spodoptera frugiperda are two destructive pests worldwide. In this study, for the first time, we evaluated their sterol metabolic capacity. The results showed that Spodoptera frugiperda required less sterol for normal growth, which helped them survive better when cholesterol was unavailable. Both insects consistently showed high fitness when they fed on cholestanol. Cholestanone enabled most individuals of S. frugiperda to pupate but caused remarkable lethality to M. separata at their early developmental stage. Comparative studies indicated that S. frugiperda was more efficient in converting ketone into available stanol than M. separata. Therefore, they perform differently in terms of their sterol demand and metabolism although these two species are closely related. The divergences in sterol nutritional biology between the two closely related insect species reflect adaptive and evolutive changes in sterol metabolism, which may help us to better understand the potential of using phytosterol-manipulated plants to control pests. Abstract Insects are sterol auxotrophs and typically obtain sterols from food. However, the sterol demand and metabolic capacity vary greatly among species, even for closely related species. The low survival of many insects on atypical sterols, such as cholestanol and cholestanone, raises the possibility of using sterol-modified plants to control insect herbivore pests. In this study, we evaluated two devastating migratory crop pests, Mythimna separata and Spodoptera frugiperda, in response to atypical sterols and explored the reasons that caused the divergences in sterol nutritional biology between them. Contrary to M. separata, S. frugiperda had unexpectedly high survival on cholestanone, and nearly 80% of the individuals pupated. Comparative studies, including insect response to multiple diets and larval body sterol/steroids analysis, were performed to explain their differences in cholestanone usage. Our results showed that, in comparison to M. separata, the superiority of S. frugiperda on cholestanone can be attributed to its higher efficiency of converting ketone into available stanol and its lower demand for sterols, which resulted in a better survival when cholesterol was unavailable. This research will help us to better understand insect sterol nutritional biology and the potential of using atypical sterols to control herbivorous insect pests.
Étude des liens entre la compréhension en lecture, l’inhibition et l’utilisation des médias : pour un meilleur développement des compétences chez les élèves du primaire

Plusieurs facteurs influencent la compréhension en lecture, dont l’inhibition et les habitudes liées aux médias. La période entre la 4e et la 6e année du primaire est cruciale, car les élèves doivent continuer leur apprentissage de la lecture tout en lisant pour apprendre. L’article explore la relation entre la compréhension en lecture, l’inhibition et les habitudes d’utilisation des médias chez cette population. Les résultats montrent que de moins bonnes capacités d'inhibition sont associées à une utilisation plus importante des médias. Un constat concerne la sensibilisation des élèves sur leurs habitudes liées aux médias pour optimiser le développement de leur compétence à lire.
A Multi-Trajectory Monte Carlo Sampler

Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques based on Hamiltonian dynamics can sample the first or last principal components of multivariate probability models using simulated trajectories. However, when components’ scales span orders of magnitude, these approaches may be unable of accessing all components adequately. While it is possible to reconcile the first and last components by alternating between two different types of trajectories, the sampling of intermediate components may be imprecise. In this paper, a function generalizing the kinetic energies of Hamiltonian Monte Carlo and Riemannian Manifold Hamiltonian Monte Carlo is proposed, and it is found that the methods based on a specific form of the function can more accurately sample normal distributions. Additionally, the multi-particle algorithm’s reasoning is given after a review of some statistical ideas.
a Quantum-Mechanical Theory of the Contribution of Excitons to the Complex Dielectric Constant of Crystals.

It is shown that the ordinary semiclassical theory of the absorption of light by exciton states is not completely satisfactory (in contrast to the case of absorption due to interband transitions). A more complete theory is developed. It is shown that excitons are approximate bosons, and, in interaction with the electromagnetic field, the exciton field plays the role of the classical polarization field. The eigenstates of the system of crystal and radiation field are mixtures of photons and excitons. The ordinary one-quantum optical lifetime of an excitation is infinite. Absorption occurs only when "three-body" processes are introduced. The theory includes "local field" effects, leading to the Lorentz local field correction when it is applicable. A Smakula equation for the oscillator strength in terms of the integrated absorption constant is derived.
Optimal Design of Large-scale Dome Truss Structures with Multiple Frequency Constraints Using Success-history Based Adaptive Differential Evolution Algorithm

The success-history based adaptive differential evolution (SHADE) algorithm is an efficient modified version of the differential evolution (DE) algorithm, and it has been successfully applied to solve some real-world optimization problems. However, to the best of our knowledge, it has been rarely applied in the field of structural optimization. The optimal design of structures with frequency constraints is well known as a highly nonlinear and non-convex optimization problem with many local optima. In this paper, the SHADE algorithm is examined in the context of size optimization of large-scale truss structures with multiple frequency constraints. In SHADE, a historical memory of successful control parameter settings is used to guide the generation of new control parameters. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of SHADE, three truss optimization problems with multiple frequency constraints are presented. The three examples considered in this paper include a 600-bar single-layer dome-shaped truss, a 1180-bar single-layer dome-shaped truss, and a 1410-bar double-layer dome-shaped truss. The results obtained by the SHADE algorithm are presented and compared with the best-known results reported in the literature. Numerical results indicate the effectiveness and superior performance of SHADE over other algorithms in terms of solution accuracy and robustness. It is worth mentioning that in all the three cases considered, the optimal designs obtained by SHADE are the best ones reported in the literature so far. However, SHADE often requires fewer structural analyses than those required by the other algorithms.
Postoperative Hematoma Expansion in Patients Undergoing Decompressive Hemicraniectomy for Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Introduction: The aim of the study was to analyze risk factors for hematoma expansion (HE) in patients undergoing decompressive hemicraniectomy (DC) in patients with elevated intracranial pressure due to spontaneous intracerebral hematoma (ICH). Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 72 patients with spontaneous ICH who underwent DC at our institution. We compared the pre- and postoperative volumes of ICH and divided the patients into two groups: first, patients with postoperative HE > 6 cm3 (group 1), and second, patients without HE (group 2). Additionally, we screened the medical history for anticoagulant and antiplatelet medication (AC/AP), bleeding-related comorbidities, age, admission Glasgow coma scale and laboratory parameters. Results: The rate of AC/AP medication was higher in group 1 versus group 2 (15/16 vs. 5/38, p < 0.00001), and patients were significantly older in group 1 versus group 2 (65.1 ± 16.2 years vs. 54.4 ± 14.3 years, p = 0.02). Furthermore, preoperative laboratory tests showed lower rates of hematocrit (34.1 ± 5.4% vs. 38.1 ± 5.1%, p = 0.01) and hemoglobin (11.5 ± 1.6 g/dL vs. 13.13 ± 1.8 g/dL, p = 0.0028) in group 1 versus group 2. In multivariate analysis, the history of AC/AP medication was the only independent predictor of HE (p < 0.0001, OR 0.015, CI 95% 0.001–0.153). Conclusion: We presented a comprehensive evaluation of risk factors for hematoma epansion by patients undergoing DC due to ICH.
The relation between gas density and velocity power spectra in galaxy clusters: High-resolution hydrodynamic simulations and the role of conduction

Exploring the power spectrum of fluctuations and velocities in the intracluster medium (ICM) can help us to probe the gas physics of galaxy clusters. Using high-resolution 3D plasma simulations, we study the statistics of the velocity field and its inti mate relation with the ICM thermodynamic perturbations. The normalization of the ICM spectrum (related to density, entropy, or pressure fl uctuations) is linearly tied to the level of large-scale motions, which e xcite both gravity and sound waves due to stratification. For low 3D Mach number M ∼ 0.25, gravity waves mainly drive entropy perturbations, traced by preferentially tangential turbu lence. For M > 0.5, sound waves start to significantly contribute, passing th e leading role to compressive pressure fluctuations, associated with isotropic turbulence (or a slight radial bias). Densit y and temperature fluctuations are then characterized by the dominant process: isobaric (low M), adiabatic (high M), or isothermal (strong conduction). Most clusters reside in the intermediate regime, showing a mixture of gravity and sound waves, hence drifting towards isotropic velocities. Remarkably, regardless of t he regime, the variance of density perturbations is comparable to the 1D Mach number, M1D ∼δρ/ρ. This linear relation allows to easily convert between gas motions and ICM perturbations (δρ/ρ 0.1 in massive clusters), allowing to calibrate the linear relation and to constrain relative perturbations down to just a few per cent .
Insights into the mechanism of g-C 3 N 4 @a-Fe 2 O 3 microsphere heterogeneous activation of hydrogen peroxide under visible light

A-Fe 2 O 3 complex g-C 3 N 4 @a-Fe 2 O 3 was successfully prepared by solvothermal method and used in optical Fenton photocatalytic process. Using experimental instruments such as XPS, XRD, DRS, TEM, FTIR, and photochemistry to characterize composite materials. According to the mechanism of the photocatalytic process, combining A-Fe 2 O 3 /H 2 O 2 Fenton reagent with g-C 3 N 4 photocatalyst under visible light conditions can effectively accelerate the mineralization of pollutants. The photocatalytic performance of g-C 3 N 4 @a-Fe 2 O 3 were evaluated by the decomposition of bisphenol A. When the content of a-Fe 2 O 3 is 15%, the photocatalytic efficiency of the composite is the highest. In addition, cyclic operation, iron leaching concentration, fresh and XRD pattern studies indicate that g-C 3 N 4 @a-Fe 2 O 3 composites are very stable and reusable. The results show that the decomposition of BPA by persulfate is a non-free radical reaction, but the coupling a-Fe 2 O 3 with g-C 3 N 4 can effectively activate the formation of persulfate free radicals and reduce BPA under visible light radiation. Studies showed that free radicals generated by electron holes and persulfate formed on catalysts were the main causes of BPA decomposition. Therefore, combined with previous research results, this paper proposed the mechanism of g-C 3 N 4 @a-Fe 2 O 3 composite photocatalytic reaction by photo-Fenton. More importantly, this work demonstrates a novel approach to activate persulfates that can efficiently degrade pops and gives some new ideas on the remediation of persulfates in contaminated Water . g-C 3 N 4 photocatalyst, the catalytic activity of Fenton's reagent a-Fe 2 O 3 /H 2 O 2 under visible light and no-light irradiation is greatly increased. The g-C 3 N 4 @a-Fe 2 O 3 microspheres exhibit improved photocatalytic viability due to up visible light sensitivity and katabatic reorganization of photoinduced vectors. Besides, g-C 3 N 4 @a-Fe 2 O 3 spheres are extremely steady and reusable in photo-Fenton photocatalytic reactions. It was suggested that the photo-Fenton photocatalytic reaction of g-C 3 N 4 @a-Fe 2 O 3 spheres was the mechanism used to explain the synergistic impact of a-Fe 2 O 3 and g-C 3 N 4 . The findings demonstrate that g-C 3 N 4 @a-Fe 2 O 3 microspheres, a novel form of photocatalyst, can consistently remove non-biodegradable organic contaminants in wastewater.
Tenfold reduction of Brownian noise in optical interferometry

Thermally induced fluctuations impose a fundamental limit on precision measurement. In optical interferometry, the current bounds of stability and sensitivity are dictated by the excess mechanical damping of the high-reflectivity coatings that comprise the cavity end mirrors. Over the preceding decade, the mechanical loss of these amorphous multilayer reflectors has at best been reduced by a factor of two. Here we demonstrate a new paradigm in optical coating technology based on direct-bonded monocrystalline multilayers, which exhibit both intrinsically low mechanical loss and high optical quality. Employing these "crystalline coatings" as end mirrors in a Fabry-P\'erot cavity, we obtain a finesse of 150,000. More importantly, at room temperature, we observe a thermally-limited noise floor consistent with a tenfold reduction in mechanical damping when compared with the best dielectric multilayers. These results pave the way for the next generation of ultra-sensitive interferometers, as well as for new levels of laser stability.
Molecular Detection of Tick-Borne Bacteria from Amblyomma (Acari: Ixodidae) Ticks Collected from Reptiles in South Africa

Reptiles are hosts for various tick species and tick-associated organisms, many of which are zoonotic. However, little is known about the presence and diversity of tick-borne bacteria infecting reptiles and their ticks in South Africa. Amblyomma ticks (n = 253) collected from reptiles were screened for the presence of Coxiella, Anaplasma, Rickettsia, and Borrelia species by amplification, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA, 23S rRNA, gltA, OmpA, and Flagellin genes, respectively. This study recorded the presence of reptile associated Borrelia species and Coxiella-like endosymbiont in South Africa for the first time. Furthermore, a spotted fever group Rickettsia species was observed in 7 Amblyomma marmoreum and 14 Amblyomma sylvaticum from tortoises of genera Kinixys and Chersina. Francisella-like endosymbiont was observed from 2 Amblyomma latum collected from the Mozambique spitting cobra, Naja mossambica. Coxiella burnetii and Anaplasma spp. , were not detected from the current samples. Although the direct evidence that reptiles can act as reservoir hosts remains to be determined, observations from this study provide indications that reptilian ticks may play a role in the transmission of pathogenic bacteria to homothermic animals. Furthermore, the absence of Anaplasma spp. , and C. burnetii does not mean that these pathogens should be completely neglected.
Landscape construction and non-fixation in infinite potential

Wright’s adaptive landscape has found its increasingly important role as a visual and metaphorical tool to understand the evolutionary process. However, the existence and its quantitative insights remain an open question. In this paper, we analytically construct adaptive landscape as a potential function in the 1-D Wright-Fisher process. Our construction is from a dynamical point of view, thus independent of the normalization condition for the equilibrium probability distribution. The constructed adaptive landscape is different from fitness landscape, which is often ambiguously defined and considers only the effect of selection. We show how effects of typical evolutionary forces (mutation, migration, selection and random drift) are integrated into the landscape, which define a system’s behavior in multiple time scales. We novelly estimate the escape time from an infinite adaptive peak under weak mutation. Our estimate extends Kramers’ escape rate formulae to the singular cases. Our result shows that an infinite adaptive peak does not necessarily mean complete fixation for an allele type. Based on our analysis of landscape and multiple time scales, we comment that the stochastic “tunneling” effect should be a process of climbing over a saddle point on the landscape in a mixed time scale, rather than a phenomenon of drilling through any potential barrier. We also discuss the noise-induced shift of directional force under frequency-dependent diffusion. Our work demonstrates the existence and usefulness of adaptive landscape (at least in the present model), from both qualitative and quantitative sides.
A multiperiod OPF model under renewable generation uncertainty and demand side flexibility

Renewable energy sources such as wind and solar have received much attention in recent years and large amount of renewable generation is being integrated to the electricity networks. A fundamental challenge in power system operation is to handle the intermittent nature of the renewable generation. In this paper we present a stochastic programming approach to solve a multiperiod optimal power flow problem under renewable generation uncertainty. The proposed approach consists of two stages. In the first stage operating points for conventional power plants are determined. Second stage realizes the generation from renewable resources and optimally accommodates it by relying on demand-side flexibility. The benefits from its application are demonstrated and discussed on a 4-bus and a 39-bus systems. Numerical results show that with limited flexibility on the demand-side substantial benefits in terms of potential additional re-dispatch costs can be achieved. The scaling properties of the approach are finally analysed based on standard IEEE test cases upto 300 buses, allowing to underlined its computational efficiency.
Using a Szilard engine to illustrate the validity of the modified Jarzynski equality in presence of measurement errors

It has recently been shown that the Jarzynski equality gets modified, when there are experimental errors in computing work. This modified result also holds good in presence of feedback. In this work, we use a simple toy model, that of a Szilard engine, to prove these results both in the presence and in absence of feedback.
A Meta-Analysis of Sleep Disorders and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a type of metabolic disease, and recent research indicates that it may be associated with sleep disorders. We conducted a meta-analysis of current studies to estimate the associations between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and sleep situation, including sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, and sleep disorder. This study follows the checklist of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Articles in the recent 10 years were searched from five databases. Eighteen articles, which met the eligibility criteria, were included in this meta-analysis. The results show that patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease have a shorter sleep duration and higher Epworth Sleepiness Scale score. Patients with short sleep duration (≤6 hours per night) or with obstructive sleep apnea have a higher risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In conclusion, there is a significant association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and sleep disorders in the included studies. In addition, patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may have more severe daytime sleepiness and shorter sleep duration. More attention should be paid to the sleep situation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients to potentially slow the disease progression.
HCL-MTC: Hierarchical Contrastive Learning for Multi-label Text Classiﬁcation

Multi-label text classiﬁcation is a big chal-001 lenging subtask in text classiﬁcation, where 002 labels generally form a tree structure. Ex-003 isting solutions learn the label tree structure 004 in a shallow manner and ignore the distinc-005 tive information between labels. To address 006 this problem, we propose a Hierarchical Con-007 trastive Learning for Multi-label Text Clas-008 siﬁcation (HCL-MTC), which constructs the 009 graph based on the contrastive knowledge be-010 tween labels. Speciﬁcally, we formulate the 011 MTC as a multi-task learning by introducing a 012 sampling hierarchical contrastive loss, which 013 learns both the correlative and distinctive label 014 information and is beneﬁcial in learning deep 015 label hierarchy. The experimental results show 016 that the proposed model can achieve consid-017 erable improvements on both public datasets 018 (i.e., RCV1-v2 and WoS). 019
Memory Synchronization Techniques

Synchronization is a major issue regarding performance and design in modern computer architectures for concurrent programming and the design of concurrent and distributed systems. In response to the impact of synchronization, various techniques have been devised both at the hardware-supported level and user-level constructs. This seminar paper gen-tly introduced the concerns that led to the need for synchronization and majorly explored diﬀerent memory synchronization techniques adopted so far; the detailed approach and implementation (with algorithms) pertaining to each of them; evaluation of their eﬀectiveness in terms of correctness, fairness and performance; comparisons and trade-oﬀs among them; and few remarks on their eﬃcient usage cases.