Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical order transitions within extended interfacial segregation zones in NbMoTaW

Interfacial segregation and chemical short-range ordering influence the behavior of grain boundaries in complex concentrated alloys. In this study, we use atomistic modeling of a NbMoTaW refractory complex concentrated alloy to provide insight into the interplay between these two phenomena. Hybrid Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations are performed on columnar grain models to identify equilibrium grain boundary structures. Our results reveal extended near-boundary segregation zones that are much larger than traditional segregation regions, which also exhibit chemical patterning that bridges the interfacial and grain interior regions. Furthermore, structural transitions pertaining to an A2-to-B2 transformation are observed within these extended segregation zones. Both grain size and temperature are found to significantly alter the widths of these regions. An analysis of chemical short-range order indicates that not all pairwise elemental interactions are affected by the presence of a grain boundary equally, as only a subset of elemental clustering types are more likely to reside near certain boundaries. The results emphasize the increased chemical complexity that is associated with near-boundary segregation zones and demonstrate the unique nature of interfacial segregation in complex concentrated alloys.
A Simpler Proof that Pairing Heaps Take O(1) Amortized Time per Insertion

The pairing heap is a simple"self-adjusting"implementation of a heap (priority queue). Inserting an item into a pairing heap or decreasing the key of an item takes O(1) time worst-case, as does melding two heaps. But deleting an item of minimum key can take time linear in the heap size in the worst case. The paper that introduced the pairing heap proved an O(log n) amortized time bound for each heap operation, where n is the number of items in the heap or heaps involved in the operation, by charging all but O(log n) of the time for each deletion to non-deletion operations, O(log n) to each. Later Iacono found a way to reduce the amortized time per insertion to O(1) and that of meld to zero while preserving the O(log n) amortized time bound for the other update operations. We give a simpler proof of Iacono's result with significantly smaller constant factors. Our analysis uses the natural representation of pairing heaps instead of the conversion to a binary tree used in the original analysis and in Iacono's.
Far-field diffraction computational imaging based on parameter-robust illumination and direct phase optimization

Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) is a promising imaging technique revealing most of the information from diffraction measurements. An ideal CDI should reconstruct complex-valued object from a single-shot far-field diffraction without any priori information about the target. To realize the ideal CDI, we propose a class of parameter-robust illumination pattern. A direct phase optimizing algorithm is also raised here to improve the performance of phase retrieval in strong noise. Experimental result demonstrates the efficiency of our scheme in practical noisy measurement for complex-valued target.
A Compacted Structure for Cross-domain learning on Monocular Depth and Flow Estimation

Accurate motion and depth recovery is important for many robot vision tasks including autonomous driving. Most previous studies have achieved cooperative multi-task interaction via either pre-defined loss functions or cross-domain prediction. This paper presents a multi-task scheme that achieves mutual assistance by means of our Flow to Depth (F2D), Depth to Flow (D2F), and Exponential Moving Average (EMA). F2D and D2F mechanisms enable multi-scale information integration between optical flow and depth domain based on differentiable shallow nets. A dual-head mechanism is used to predict optical flow for rigid and non-rigid motion based on a divide-and-conquer manner, which significantly improves the optical flow estimation performance. Furthermore, to make the prediction more robust and stable, EMA is used for our multi-task training. Experimental results on KITTI datasets show that our multi-task scheme outperforms other multi-task schemes and provide marked improvements on the prediction results.
Lifelong Learning for Neural powered Mixed Integer Programming

Mixed Integer programs (MIPs) are typically solved by the Branch-and-Bound algorithm. Recently, Learning to imitate fast approximations of the expert strong branching heuristic has gained attention due to its success in reducing the running time for solving MIPs. However, existing learning-to-branch methods assume that the entire training data is available in a single session of training. This assumption is often not true, and if the training data is supplied in continual fashion over time, existing techniques suffer from catastrophic forgetting . In this work, we study the hitherto unexplored paradigm of Lifelong Learning to Branch on Mixed Integer Programs. To mitigate catastrophic forgetting, we propose L I MIP, which is powered by the idea of modeling an MIP instance in the form of a bipartite graph, which we map to an embedding space using a bipartite Graph Attention Network. This rich embedding space avoids catastrophic forgetting through the appli- cation of knowledge distillation and elastic weight consolidation, wherein we learn the parameters key towards retaining efﬁcacy and are therefore protected from signiﬁcant drift. We evaluate L I MIP on a series of NP-hard problems and estab- lish that in comparison to existing baselines, L I MIP is up to 50% better when confronted with lifelong learning.
Guarantees for Spontaneous Synchronization on Random Geometric Graphs

The Kuramoto model is a classical mathematical model in the field of non-linear dynamical systems that describes the evolution of coupled oscillators in a network that may reach a synchronous state. The relationship between the network's topology and whether the oscillators synchronize is a central question in the field of synchronization, and random graphs are often employed as a proxy for complex networks. On the other hand, the random graphs on which the Kuramoto model is rigorously analyzed in the literature are homogeneous models and fail to capture the underlying geometric structure that appears in several examples. In this work, we leverage tools from random matrix theory, random graphs, and mathematical statistics to prove that the Kuramoto model on a random geometric graph on the sphere synchronizes with probability tending to one as the number of nodes tends to infinity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first rigorous result for the Kuramoto model on random geometric graphs.
The Sustainable Response Strategy to COVID-19: Pandemic Urban Zoning Based on Multimodal Transport Data

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, it has rapidly evolved into a sudden and major public health emergency globally. With the variants of COVID-19, the difficulty of pandemic control continues to increase, which has brought significant costs to the society. The existing pandemic control zoning method ignores the impact on residents’ lives. In this study, we propose a refined and low-cost pandemic control method by scientifically delineating zoning areas. First, a spatial interaction network is built up based on the multimodal transport travel data in Nanjing, China, and an improved Leiden community detection method based on the gravity model is used to obtain a preliminary zoning scheme. Then, we use spatial constraints to correct the results with the discrete spatial distribution. Finally, reasonable zones for pandemic control are obtained. The modularity of the algorithm results is 0.4185, proving that the proposed method is suitable for pandemic control zoning. The proposed method is also demonstrated to be able to minimize traffic flows between pandemic control areas and only 24.8% of travel connections are cut off, thus reducing the impact of pandemic control on residents’ daily life and reducing the cost of pandemic control. The findings can help to inform sustainable strategies and suggestions for the pandemic control.
A universal whitening algorithm for commercial random number generators

Random number generators are imperfect due to manufacturing bias and technological imperfections. These imperfections are removed using post-processing algorithms that in general compress the data and do not work in every scenario. In this work, we present a universal whitening algorithm using n-qubit permutation matrices to remove the imperfections in commercial random number generators without compression. Specifically, we demonstrate the efficacy of our algorithm in several categories of random number generators and its comparison with cryptographic hash functions and block ciphers. We have achieved improvement in almost every randomness parameter evaluated using ENT randomness test suite. The modified random number files obtained after the application of our algorithm in the raw random data file pass the NIST SP 800-22 tests in both the cases: 1. The raw file does not pass all the tests. 2. The raw file also passes all the tests.
eScholarship aurantiacus is a promising source of enzymes for biomass deconstruction under thermophilic

Background: Thermophilic fungi have attracted increased interest for their ability to secrete enzymes that deconstruct biomass at high temperatures. However, development of thermophilic fungi as enzyme producers for biomass deconstruction has not been thoroughly investigated. Comparing the enzymatic activities of thermophilic fungal strains that grow on targeted biomass feedstocks has the potential to identify promising candidates for strain development. Thielavia terrestris and Thermoascus aurantiacus were chosen for characterization based on literature precedents. Results: Thermoascus aurantiacus and Thielavia terrestris were cultivated on various biomass substrates and culture supernatants assayed for glycoside hydrolase activities. Supernatants from both cultures possessed comparable glycoside hydrolase activities when incubated with artificial biomass substrates. In contrast, saccharifications of ionic liquid pretreated switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum ) revealed that T. aurantiacus enzymes released more glucose than T. terrestris enzymes over a range of protein mass loadings and temperatures. Temperature-dependent saccharifications demonstrated that the T. aurantiacus proteins retained higher levels of activity compared to a commercial enzyme mixture sold by Novozymes, Cellic CTec2, at elevated temperatures. Enzymes secreted by T. aurantiacus released glucose at similar protein loadings to CTec2 on dilute acid, ammonia fiber expansion, or ionic liquid pretreated switchgrass. Proteomic analysis of the T. aurantiacus culture supernatant revealed dominant glycoside hydrolases from families 5, 7, 10, and 61, proteins that are key enzymes in commercial cocktails. Conclusions: T. aurantiacus produces a complement of secreted proteins capable of higher levels of saccharification of pretreated switchgrass than T. terrestris enzymes. The T. aurantiacus enzymatic cocktail performs at the same level as commercially available enzymatic cocktail for biomass deconstruction, without strain development or genetic modifications. Therefore, T. aurantiacus provides an excellent platform to develop a thermophilic fungal system for enzyme production for the conversion of biomass to biofuels.
Occlusion of 22Na+ and "Rb+ in Membrane-bound and Soluble Protomeric &Units of Na,K-ATPase*

In this work, we examined occlusion of "Na+ and "Rb+ in membranous and detergent-solubilized Na,K-ATPase from outer renal medulla. Optimum conditions for occlusion of 22Na+ were provided by formation of the phosphorylated complex from the B,y-bidentate complex of chromium (111) with ATP (CrATP). Release of occluded cations occurred at equally slow rates in soluble and membrane-bound Na,K-ATPase. Values of 22Na+ occlusion as high as 11 nmol/mg of protein were measured, corresponding to 1.8-2.7 mol of Na+/mol of phosphorylated Na,K-ATPase as determined by 32P incorporation from [T-~~PIC~ATP. Maximum capacity for phosphorylation from [-pS2P]CrATP was 6 nmol/ mg of protein and equal to capacities for binding of [48V]vanadate and [3H]ouabain. The stoichiometry for occlusion of Rb' was close to 2 Rb' ions/phosphosyla-tion site. In an analytical ultracentrifuge, the soluble Na+- or Rb'-occluded complexes showed sedimentation velocities (SZ0,, = 6.8-7.4) consistent with monomeric ap-units. The data show that soluble monomeric a@-units of Na,K-ATPase can occlude Rb+ or Na+ with the same stoichiometry as the membrane-bound enzyme. The structural basis for occlusion
Proposed platform to study interaction-enabled topological phases with fermionic particles

We propose a platform for interacting topological phases of fermions with time reversal symmetry $\overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Theta}}}$ (such that ${\overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Theta}}}}^{2}=1$) that can be realized in vortex lattices in the surface state of a topological insulator. The constituent particles are Majorana fermions bound to vortices and antivortices of such a lattice. We explain how the $\overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Theta}}}$ symmetry arises and discuss ways in which interactions can be experimentally tuned and detected. We show how these features can be exploited to realize a class of interaction-enabled crystalline topological phases that have no analog in weakly interacting systems.
following juvenile psychopathology: no juvenile

Because of the frequent finding that the developmental course of patients with disorders such as schizophrenia or psychosis is oft en marked by a significantly lower level of premorbid intelligence in comparison with healthy controls, the association between intellectual functioning in juvenile psychopathology and adult schizotypal symptoms, including the role of sex, was examined. 317 patients of the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of the University Medical Centre Utrecht, the Netherlands, were reassessed aft er 13.2 ( SD =5.2) years for adult schizotypal symptoms by using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Revised (SPQ-R; Vollema & Hoijtink, 2002; Raine, 1991). The relation between intellectual functioning in juvenile psychopathology and adult schizotypal symptoms was examined by Spearman´s bivariate correlations. No evidence was found for general or specific domains of intelligence in juvenile psychopathology being related to general and specific adult schizotypal symptomatology. This result also held when boys and girls were studied separately. The absence of associations between juvenile intelligence and adult schizotypal symptomatology in a sample of subjects presenting with juvenile psychopathology might be interpreted as juvenile intellectual markers not being suitable to predict development of milder symptoms within the schizophrenia spectrum.
Commutants of reflexive algebras and classification of completely distributive subspace lattices

Let £ be a subspace lattice on a normed space X containing a nontrivial comparable element. If T commutes with all the operators in Alg£, then there exists a scalar λ such that (T - λI) 2 = 0. Furthermore, we classify the class of completely distributive subspace lattices into subclasses called Type I (n) , Type II (n) and Type III, respectively. It is shown that nontrivial nests or, more generally, completely distributive subspace lattices with a comparable element are Type I (1) , and that nontrivial atomic Boolean subspace lattices are Type II (0) .
LOSS MODELING OF A PERMANENT MAGNET DC MOTOR DRIVE WATER PUMPING SYSTEM

The paper presents an analytical approach to the determination of losses in each of the sub-systems of the Photovoltaic (PV) Permanent Magnet DC Motor (PMDC) drive water pumping system with and without maximum power tracking. The losses of the system at varying heads are firstly, determined using parameters from the data sheets and then validated by experimental results. The results are used to establish the head and the flow rate optimal operating point of the system.
Monoclinic structure of unpoled morphotropic high piezoelectric PMN-PT and PZN-PT compounds

Evidences of a monoclinic phase in unpoled (PbMg 1 / 3 Nb 2 / 3 O 3 ) 1 - x -(PbTiO 3 ) x with x=0.35 (PMN-PT 35%) and unpoled (PbZn 1 / 3 Nb 2 / 3 O 3 ) 1 - x -(PbTiO 3 ) x with x=0.09 (PZN-PT 9%) are presented from a neutron Rietveld analysis. This monoclinic phase is different from the phase recently evidenced by Noheda and co-workers in PbZr 1 - x Ti x O 3 with x = 0.48 [B. Noheda et al., Phys. Rev. B. 61, 8687 (2000)] but is identical to the phase observed in poled PZN-PT with x = 0.08 [B. Noheda et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3891 (2001 )] by the same authors. The structural resolutions allowed us to compare both structures and to deduce the direction and magnitude of polarization. In PMN-PT 35% and PZN-PT 9% this phase is characterized by a weak value of polarization, a strong deformation of oxygen polyhedra, and weak cationic shifts.
Optimal control and inverse problems involving point and line functionals and inequality constraints

In this thesis we consider some problems related to the optimal control of partial differential equations (PDEs) and variational inequalities (VIs) with various constraints. Such problems are important because in real world applications we are typically more interested in optimising and controlling processes than just simulating them. We focus on developing efficient solution methods for these problems. The first part of this thesis considers optimal control of PDEs and VIs but with the usual L2 fidelity term replaced by ones which encourages the state to take certain values at points or along surfaces of codimension 1. Such problems are related to optimal control with pointwise state constraints, which are relevant in applications. Our new fidelity terms cause complications in the formulation of the optimal control problems, as well as the analysis and the numerical analysis. The second part of this thesis considers the inverse problem of recovering a binary function from blurred and noisy data. Such image processing problems arise in many applications, for example decoding barcodes. Our approach uses the Mumford-Shah model, but with a phase field approximation to perimeter regularisation. We develop iterative methods for solving the problem and prove convergence results. Numerical results are presented which illustrate the effectiveness of our approach and the relative merits of different phase field approximations. We finish by applying our algorithms to a problem in materials science.
Elimination of Common-Mode Voltage in Dual Two-Level Voltage Source Inverter Fed Open-End Load Using a Discontinuous SVM Technique

While the utilization of a two-level voltage source inverter (VSI) with a single de supply fed ac loads such as ac motor drives, it also causes some problems, among which the common-mode voltage (CMV) cannot be ignored in drive systems, the mitigation or zero CMV control is necessary for proper operation. This paper proposes a discontinuous space vector modulation (SVM) technique to eliminate the CMV of a dual two-level VSI with two isolated de supplies fed open-end load applications. This technique uses five-segment switching sequence design with centralizing PWM scheme to generate the discontinuous modulating waves for both inverters, resulting in reduces the step and peak value of the CMV of each inverter and also is that it can cancel the CMV at the open-end load to zero. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Several Optimizations for Elliptic Curves Implementation on Smart Card

In this report, we present a new approach to the description of elliptic curve in characteristic greater than 3 for cryptographic use in different models: Weierstrass, Jacobi, Hesse and Montgomery. For each representation, we give the addition and duplication formulae, first in affine coordinates, then for various types of other coordinates systems used for smart card implementation. In doing this, we correct some mistakes discovered in the literature, and optimize some formulae. We then compare the various formulae obtained with a regard to the number of operations needed. Note that we emphasize on the number of operations really needed for the computation of kP , which was not the case before. Finally we provide new ways to better reduce the operation cost.
THE MAGNETOROTATIONAL INSTABILITY OF MHD TAYLOR-COUETTE FLOWS

To realize the magnetorotational instability (MRI) with liquid metals such as gallium in the laboratory, one needs Reynolds numbers exceeding 10 7 (due to their small magnetic Prandtl number Pm), which seems to be out of the current technical possibilities. We have shown that in the presence of combined axial and azimutal magnetic fields (‘helical’ fields) a new solution beyond the Rayleigh limit appears, which for small magnetic Prandtl numbers does not depend on Pm. The critical Reynolds number is reduced to O(10 3.4 ), which does not make any technical difficulty. For liquid gallium between the perfectconducting cylinders with Rout =2 Rin = 8 cm the necessary axial magnetic field is ∼ 100 Gauss and the axial current, which produces the azimutal field, must have ∼ 3000 Amp. The critical rotation rate of the inner cylinder is then less than 1 Hz. The gallium Taylor–Couette experiment PROMISE 1 demonstrates the existence of the MRI in the laboratory.
Harmonic maps into Grassmannian manifolds

A harmonic map from a Riemannian manifold into a Grassmannian manifold is characterized by a vector bundle, a space of sections of this bundle and a Laplace operator. We apply our main theorem, itself a generalization of a Theorem of Takahashi, to generalize the theory of do Carmo and Wallach and to describe the moduli space of harmonic maps satisfying the gauge and the Einstein-Hermitian conditions from a compact Rieannian manifold into a Grassmannian. As an application, several rigidity results are exihibited. In particular we generalize a rigidity theorem due to Calabi in the case of holomorphic isometric immersions of compact Kaehler manifolds into complex projective spaces. Finally, we also construct moduli spaces of holomorphic isometric embeddings of the complex projective line into complex quadrics of low degree.
Fluid accumulation in thin-film fl ows driven by surface tension and gravity (I): Rigorous analysis of a drainage equation

We derive a boundary layer equation describing accumulation regions within a thin-film approximation framework where gravity and surface tension balance. As part of the analysis of this problem we investigate in detail and rigorously the 'drainage' equation (phi"'+1)phi^3=1. In particular, we prove that all solutions that do not tend to 1 as the independent variable goes to infinity are oscillatory, and that they oscillate in a very specific way. This result and the method of proof will be used in the analysis of solutions of the afore mentioned boundary layer problem.