Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wild Edible Plants Used by Rural People of Pong Dam Wildlife Sanctuary in District Kangra of Himachal Pradesh

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT: Wild edible plants are still consumed by a considerable portion of the world's population, ensuring both inexpensive food and nutritional security. The present study was conducted to document a wide variety of wild edible plants and their uses from the Pong Dam Wildlife Sanctuary in district Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. In the present study, ethnobotanical data was collected through a pre-tested questionnaire, direct interviews, group discussions and participatory observations. A total of 29 wild edible plant species were collected from the study site. Of these plants and trees accounted for 55%. Moraceae family was reported highest followed by Combertaceae, Fabaceae and Rosaceae family. Fruits were the most commonly used plant part as compared to others like leaves, seeds, bark, flowers, shoots and wood. During the survey or field visits at the study site, most of the informants were old people including both men and women, who possessed a rich and vast variety of traditional knowledge. They concluded that generally traditional ethnobotanical knowledge passes from one generation to another. However, due to urbanization, change in lifestyle and culture, our present or young generation is not showing much interest in carrying traditional knowledge. Therefore, traditional indigenous knowledge is degrading day by day and is on the verge of extinction. There is a need for protection and conservation of traditional knowledge not only from the current study area but also from different parts of the world. This will help in the protection and conservation of knowledge as well as protection of endangered and exotic plant species.
The Econometrics of Gatekeeping Experiments

Gatekeeping is abundant in our economy and society. Hiring, university admissions, job promotion, occupational licensing and startup investment are examples of resources protected by selective gatekeeping policies. Gatekeeping is a common social application of machine learning. Some claim this new technology will make gatekeeping more fair, while others allege it will entrench bias. Evaluating gatekeeping policies is complicated; in many cases, gatekeeping policies generate outcomes visible only for subjects who are admitted, with outcomes missing for rejected candidates. In addition, changes in gatekeeping policy may leave most candidates un-affected. This challenges evaluators to isolate outcomes for the the subset of candidates whose admission status is changed by new policy. These issues complicate evaluation of any gatekeeping policy, including discretionary human gatekeepers. This paper develops simple econometric methods for evaluating and comparing gatekeeping policies through ﬁeld experiments. The methods are applicable in a wide variety empirical settings. Under the formal conditions outlined in the paper, these methods permit researchers to make causal statements about the effects of a new gatekeeping policy on characteristics of the admitted (and omitted) populations (such as their diversity and performance outcomes). They also permit clean, interpretable, causally identiﬁed estimates of the tradeoffs between a gatekeeper’s welfare- or productivity- outcomes and its effects on representation and/or distributional outcomes. These tools do not require the gatekeeper to algorithmic or interpretable thus evaluation and comparisons across a wide range of gatekeeping policies and technologies, including gatekeepers based on human discretion or black-box methods. The resulting evaluations are interpretable estimates that satisfy some practitioners’ need for transparency and explanation, but without constraining the underlying algorithms or methods.
An Application of ASP for Procedural Content Generation in Video Games

Procedural content generation eases and accelerates the development of video games by creating data algorithmically through a combination of human-generated assets and algorithms usually coupled with computer-generated randomness. This paper presents a use case of Answer Set Programming (ASP) for procedural content generation of levels in a rougelike video game powered by the Godot Engine. The main elements of a set of human-generated rooms are represented by ASP facts, among them positions of doors, presence of treasures and power-ups. Within this knowledge, ASP is asked to generate dungeons satisfying a few conditions, among them the correct positioning of rooms, the absence of unreachable rooms and constraints on the occurrences of rooms. Scalability of ASP in this context is evaluated empirically, showing that it can generate in few seconds levels that comprise thousands of rooms.
Mosaic Augmentation for Text: Cropping and Collaging as Cross-Domain Techniques

We present new visually inspired cropping and 001 collaging data augmentations for text. We test 002 how these augmentations impact data-scarce 003 scenarios over multiple NLP tasks: Name En-004 tity Recognition, Extractive Question Answer-005 ing and Abstractive Summarization. Ablation 006 studies show different prevailing reasons for 007 the augmentations’ effectiveness for each dif-008 ferent task, but all benefit from our approach. 009 We achieve significant improvements over base-010 lines, in particular for limited data use cases. 011
Ort erschließen

Frankfurt/Oder und Słubice oder auch: Słubice und Frankfurt/Oder – zwei nebeneinander gelegene Städte im Osten Deutschlands bzw. im Westen Polens. Bis 1945 gehörten sie als Dammvorstadt (Słubice) und Stadt (Frankfurt(Oder)) zusammen. Nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges begann die Trennung der beiden Städte. Heute ist dieses Gebiet eine der wichtigsten Grenzregionen Polens und Deutschlands. Der Fluss Oder trennt zwei Staaten voneinander, jedoch verbindet eine über die Oder erbaute Brücke diese gleichermaßen miteinander. Diese Oderbrücke ist der Ort, an welchem sich eine Gruppe von Studierenden – die VerfasserInnen – im Rahmen einer Exkursion des Lernbereiches Sachunterricht der Grundschulpädagogik der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin im Oktober 2010 aufhielt und einer „Sache begegnete“. Da der Arbeitsauftrag „Erschließt euch die Stadt unter einer selbstgewählten Fragestellung! “ lautete, wurde uns in der Vorbereitung auf die Exkursion die Freiheit gelassen, uns einer Sache autonom anzunehmen. Mit dem Gedanken, dass in Frankfurt/Oder und Słubice Menschen polnischer und deutscher Herkunft im Alltag aufeinander treffen, stellten wir uns die Leitfrage: Findet eine Durchmischung der beiden Kulturen statt? Der Perspektivrahmen der GDSU formuliert innerhalb der sozialund kulturwissenschaftlichen Perspektive als ein Ziel von Sachunterricht: „Wahrnehmung von Verschiedenheit und die Achtung für alle Menschen“ (GDSU 2002, S.6). Daraus ergaben sich für uns folgende Teilfragen: Was denken die Menschen aus den Partnerstädten über die jeweils andere Stadt? Achten sie ihre deutschen bzw. polnischen Nachbarn? Was denken sie voneinander? Schultz (2004, S.1) stellt die Frage: „Werden Doppelstädte [. ] Pioniere geglückter interkultureller Beziehungen, gar Laboratorien der europäischen Integration? “. Diese Sache wollen und wollten wir näher betrachten.
An APPLICATION of A MODIFIED CAMEL TRAVELING BEHAVIOR ALGORITHM for TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM

Camel Traveling Behavior Algorithm (CA) is a fairly new algorithm developed in 2016 by Mohammed Khalid Ibrahim and Ramzy Salim Ali. Scientists have put forward a few publications on CA. CA was applied to continuous optimization problems and engineering problems in the literature. It has been shown that CA has comparable performance with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Besides, a modified camel algorithm (MCA) has been implemented in the field of engineering and was showed that it has competitive performance with Cuckoo Search (CS), PSO, and CA. In this work, an application of MCA has been done in the traveling salesman problem. A set of classical datasets which have cities scale ranged from 51 to 150 was used in the application. The results show that the MCA is superior to Simulated Annealing (SA), Tabu Search (TS), GA, and CA for 60% of all datasets. Also, it was given that a detailed analysis presents the number of best, worst, average solutions, standard deviation, and the average CPU time concerning meta-heuristics. The metrics stress that MCA demonstrates a performance rate over 50% in finding optimal solutions. Finally, MCA solves the discrete problem in reasonable times in comparison to other algorithms for all datasets.
A Structure-Aware Argument Encoder for Literature Discourse Analysis

Existing research for argument representation learning mainly treats tokens in the sentence equally and ignores the implied structure information of argumentative context. In this paper, we propose to separate tokens into two groups, namely framing tokens and topic ones, to capture structural information of arguments. In addition, we consider high-level structure by incorporating paragraph-level position information. A novel structure-aware argument encoder is proposed for literature discourse analysis. Experimental results on both a self-constructed corpus and a public corpus show the effectiveness of our model. Resources are available at https://github.com/lemuria-wchen/SAE.
Retrieving Visual Facts For Few-Shot Visual Question Answering

We introduce the Retrieving Visual Facts 001 (RVF) framework for few-shot visual question 002 answering (VQA). The RVF framework rep-003 resents an image as a set of natural language 004 facts; for example, in practice these could be 005 tags from an object detector. Critically, the 006 question is used to retrieve relevant facts: an 007 image may contain numerous details, and one 008 should attend to the few which may be use-009 ful for the question. Finally, one predicts the 010 answer from the retrieved facts and the ques-011 tion, e.g., by prompting a language model as 012 we do here. Compared to P ICA (Yang et al., 013 2021), the previous state-of-the-art in few-shot 014 VQA, a proof-of-concept RVF implementa-015 tion improves absolute performance by 2.6% 016 and 1.5% respectively on the VQAv2 (Goyal 017 et al., 2017) and OK-VQA (Marino et al., 2019) 018 datasets. We also analyze our implementation’s 019 strengths and weaknesses on various question 020 types, highlighting directions for further study. 021
Analysis of the role of Rasayana in communicable diseases with reference to Covid 19

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT: In India, a variety of endemic communicable illnesses pose a severe threat to public health. Both the epidemiology and the demographic landscape of India are changing. Life expectancy has grown, which has led to an increase in aging-related degenerative diseases and unhealthy lifestyles. However, communicable diseases continue to be prevalent and pose serious problems for public health.The―Corona virus disease19 (COVID19)‖ is caused by ―Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus 2(SARS-CoV-2)‖,a newly discovered member of the Coronaviridae family of viruses which ishighly communicable.Since COVID 19 has no known cure as of yet, prevention is the best method to avoid getting sick.Ayurveda has two objectives: first to prevent and promote health and second to treat disease.As per Ayurvedic principles, immunity of a person can be enhanced by use of proper diet and lifestyle along with proper use of Rasayana. Rasayana(rejuvenation therapy) essentially means nutrition at all levels from macro to micro-cellular level. Rasayana therapy replenishes the vital fluids of the body; boosts the Ojas (vital force of life) and the immune system.Rasayana therapy is particularly helpful in management of such disorders where immunity and infections are playing central role. Taking Rasayana is helpful to increase the immunity of person to keep away from communicable diseases like COVID 19.Even so, COVID 19 is still active and emerging today also. Rasayana therapy are therefore useful for boosting immunity in order to prevent this.
Multimodal Semi-supervised Learning for Disaster Tweet Classification

During natural disasters, people often use social media platforms, such as Twitter, to post information about casualties and damage produced by disasters. This information can help relief authorities gain situational awareness in nearly real time, and enable them to quickly distribute resources where most needed. However, annotating data for this purpose can be burdensome, subjective and expensive. In this paper, we investigate how to leverage the copious amounts of unlabeled data generated on social media by disaster eyewitnesses and affected individuals during disaster events. To this end, we propose a semi-supervised learning approach to improve the performance of neural models on several multimodal disaster tweet classification tasks. Our approach shows significant improvements, obtaining up to 7.7% improvements in F-1 in low-data regimes and 1.9% when using the entire training data. We make our code and data publicly available at https://github.com/iustinsirbu13/multimodal-ssl-for-disaster-tweet-classification.
Anticancer Activity of Phytogenic Bimetallic Nanoparticles against MCF-7 Cells

Now- a- days, green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is a growing area of research because of their potential therapeutic applications for various diseases. In the present work, bimetallic silver nickel nanoparticles (BMNPs) are synthesized from silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) and cobalt nitrate (Ni (NO 3 ) 2 ) precursor solutions using aqueous leaf extract of Aerva lanata as bioreducing, stabilizing and capping agent. The synthesized BMNPs were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, EDX, XRD and TEM analyses. The cytotoxic response was assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. These biogenic Silver nickel BMNPs were found to be significantly toxic to MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer cells) via induction of apoptosis.
Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Bilayer Tablet of Sumatriptan Succinate

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT: The goal of the present study was to develop and evaluate bilayer tablet of sumatriptan succinate, an antimigraine drug. The Bilayer tablets (F1-F12) was prepared by direct compression method and formulated using different concentration of polymers. Combination of polymer, HPMCK4M, Xanthan gum, guar gum FT-IR spectroscopy was done to study the compatibility of the drug with various excipients used in formulation. Formulations were subjected for pre-compression and post compression evaluation. The granules of the blend showed excellent flow property & good compressibility index. The compressed tablets were evaluated for post compression parameters and showed compliance with pharmacopoeial limits. Bilayer tablet is one of the great advanced technologies which contain two different layered formulations with one layer of drug provide immediate release and the other as sustained. Sumatriptan succinate is a triptans class of drug used to treat migraine headaches, which acts selectively at 5-HT1B/1D receptors. The objective is to formulate and evaluate the bilayer tablets of sumatriptan succinate of dose 100 mg. In this case immediate release layer is formulated using crospovidone as a super-Disintegrants. Sustained release layer is formulated using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M, xanthan gum and guar gum in various ratios to delay the drug release. FT-IR studies for excipients are tested for compatibility with the drug. Evaluations such as Hardness, Thickness, Friability, Weight variation, Disintegration time and Assay were determined for bilayer tablets. In vitro drug release was performed with USP dissolution apparatus type-II (paddle type) using 0.1 N Hydrochloric acid for two hours and later hours with 6.8 pH phosphate buffer by temperature maintaining at 37˚C ± 0.5 ˚C. Based on results among all formulations F7 formulation containing drug and Guar gum in ratio of 1:1 showed maximum drug release of 91.54%. Thus, drug formulation of F7 has enhanced drug release profile.
Controller Design for Aircraft Based on Rotational Matrix and Quaternion

In this paper, we present a linear controller for attitude of aircraft. We use a rotational matrix in one approach and a quaternion in the other approach. We also find some interesting mathematical properties concerning a symmetric rotational matrix and we use these properties to analyze the stability of the proposed control law. We find that the quaternion approach is better than rotational matrix approach because there exists no singular region problem in quaternion approach. On the other hand, singular region problem may happens in rotational matrix approach. The controller structure of the quaternion is also very simple compared with the one proposed by using a rotational matrix approach. We make use Matlab Simulink to simulate and illustrate the theoretical claims. The graphic animation program is developed based on Open-GL for the computer simulation of the proposed control algorithm.
All Birds with One Stone: Multi-task Learning for Inference with One Forward Pass

Task-speciﬁc ﬁne-tuning of pre-trained lan-001 guage models like Transformers has shown 002 their effectiveness in various NLP tasks. To 003 achieve better storage efﬁciency and model 004 performance, Multi-task Learning (MTL) has 005 been studied to share model parameters 006 and utilize knowledge transfer between tasks. 007 However, in real applications where enormous 008 numbers of tasks (e.g., large sets of labels 009 to be classiﬁed) need to be conducted on a 010 large corpus, the inference efﬁciency is still 011 hindered by the number of tasks. For a doc-012 ument with N sets of labels to be predicted, 013 recent MTL methods with adaptive modules or 014 prompts need to encode the input data N times 015 to extract the hidden representation needed for 016 the tasks. Notice that the hidden represen-017 tation is not sharable between tasks, as task-018 speciﬁc features are extracted at very bottom 019 layers in the Transformer. In this paper, we 020 seek to maintain the computational efﬁciency 021 of only requiring one forward pass for a doc-022 ument to get a generalized feature for all N 023 tasks, without sacriﬁcing overall model perfor-024 mance. We design a prompt-sharing module 025 to let the model take all tasks into considera-026 tions and output N heads simultaneously. We 027 also design a dynamic task scheduling mod-028 ule to sample tasks according to their training 029 progress. In our evaluation, we show that our 030 method is able to outperform previous MTL 031 state-of-the-arts and single task ﬁne-tuning by 032 0 . 4 − 1 . 5% on GLUE benchmark dataset. We 033 also perform comprehensive module analysis 034 to demonstrate the effectiveness and robust-035 ness of our method. 036
The spin rates of O stars in WR + O binaries. I. Motivation, methodology and first results from SALT

The black holes (BH) in merging BH-BH binaries are likely progeny of binary O stars. Their properties, including their spins, will be strongly influenced by the evolution of their progenitor O stars. The remarkable observation that many single O stars spin very rapidly can be explained if they accreted angular momentum from a mass-transferring, O-type or Wolf-Rayet companion before that star blew up as a supernova. To test this prediction, we have measured the spin rates of eight O stars in Wolf-Rayet (WR) + O binaries, increasing the total sample size of such O stars' measured spins from two to ten. Polarimetric and other determinations of these systems' sin i allow us to determine an average equatorial rotation velocity from HeI (HeII) lines of $v_e$ = 348 (173) km/s for these O stars, with individual star's $v_e$ from HeI (HeII) lines ranging from 482 (237) to 290 (91) km/s. We argue that the $\sim$ 100\% difference between HeI and HeII speeds is due to gravity darkening. Super-synchronous spins, now observed in all 10 O stars in WR + O binaries where it has been measured, are strong observational evidence that Roche lobe overflow mass transfer from a WR progenitor companion has played a critical role in the evolution of WR+OB binaries. While theory predicts that this mass transfer rapidly spins-up the O-type mass gainer to a nearly break-up rotational velocity $v_e \sim 530 $ km/s, the observed average $v_e$ of the O-type stars in our sample is 65\% that speed. This demonstrates that, even over the relatively short WR-phase timescale, tidal and/or other effects causing rotational spin-down must be efficient. A challenge to tidal synchronization theory is that the two longest-period binaries in our sample (with periods of 29.7 and 78.5 days) unexpectedly display super-synchronous rotation.
THE REPEATING FAST RADIO BURST FRB 121102: MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS AND ADDITIONAL BURSTS

We report on radio and X-ray observations of the only known repeating Fast Radio Burst (FRB) source, FRB 121102. We have detected six additional radio bursts from this source: five with the Green Bank Telescope at 2 GHz, and one at 1.4 GHz with the Arecibo Observatory, for a total of 17 bursts from this source. All have dispersion measures consistent with a single value (∼559 pc cm−3) that is three times the predicted maximum Galactic contribution. The 2 GHz bursts have highly variable spectra like those at 1.4 GHz, indicating that the frequency structure seen across the individual 1.4 and 2 GHz bandpasses is part of a wideband process. X-ray observations of the FRB 121102 field with the Swift and Chandra observatories show at least one possible counterpart; however, the probability of chance superposition is high. A radio imaging observation of the field with the Jansky Very Large Array at 1.6 GHz yields a 5σ upper limit of 0.3 mJy on any point-source continuum emission. This upper limit, combined with archival Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer 22 μm and IPHAS Hα surveys, rules out the presence of an intervening Galactic H ii region. We update our estimate of the FRB detection rate in the PALFA survey to be FRBs sky−1 day−1 (95% confidence) for peak flux density at 1.4 GHz above 300 mJy. We find that the intrinsic widths of the 12 FRB 121102 bursts from Arecibo are, on average, significantly longer than the intrinsic widths of the 13 single-component FRBs detected with the Parkes telescope.