Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Flow Conditions in a Centrifugal Pump

This paper gives an account of an investigation recently carried out in the laboratory of the Technical University of Munich, into the flow conditions in the impeller of a centrifugal pump, the results of which may be summarized briefly as follows: (1) Practically all flow conditions for an actual fluid are fundamentally different from those theoretically derived for an ideal frictionless fluid. (2) The dead-water zones which form on the low-pressure sides of the blades undoubtedly cause a reduction in the angle at which the fluid leaves the blades from the actual blade angle. (3) The actual velocity distribution along circles concentric with the axis of rotation of the impeller is not the same as the supposed distribution computed on the basis that the fluid passages are completely filled with active flow. (4) The relative velocity along the high-pressure side of the blade should theoretically approach zero for relatively small reductions in the discharge below normal and with the fluid passages completely filled with active flow. Actually this velocity is greater than the theoretical value, and reverse flow along the pressure side of the blade does not take place even at small discharges. (5) In addition to (4), it was definitely proved that the flow at very small discharges is no longer stable. (6) The entrance flow may be assumed to be radial for all practical operating conditions. (7) The increase in the meridional velocity over the ordinary computed value alters the shape of the exit triangle considerably, which is of special importance in designing the guide-vane entrance angle.
A Dual-Band Coil Array With Novel High-Order Circuit Compensation for Shielding Design in EV Wireless Charging System

For the wireless power transfer (WPT) system in electric vehicle (EV) applications, a serious concern lies in the leakage electromagnetic field (EMF) emission. In order to address this issue, this article presents a dual-band coil array (DB-CA) with novel high-order circuit (HOC) compensation. The most attractive feature of DB-CA is that both the first and third harmonics of leakage EMF can be reduced simultaneously, while the system still resonates at the same frequency. A detailed mathematical model is established to intuitively reveal the relevance between impedance design and shielding performance, as well as the constraints to achieve resonance. In addition, the novel HOC compensation is employed to decouple the shielding design at each harmonic. Both simulated and experimental results verify the effectiveness of DB-CA, and a 1-kW WPT prototype operating at 85 kHz is established. By applying DB-CA, the leakage EMF can be reduced by 3.88 dB at 85 kHz and 1.84 dB at 255 kHz, respectively. Meanwhile, the system resonant frequency still locates at 85 kHz, and the achieved zero-phase angle condition is independent with load condition. It can provide significant guidance to the design of shielding configurations in EV wireless charging system.
Classification of basal stem rot using deep learning: a review of digital data collection and palm disease classification methods

Oil palm is a key agricultural resource in Malaysia. However, palm disease, most prominently basal stem rot caused at least RM 255 million of annual economic loss. Basal stem rot is caused by a fungus known as Ganoderma boninense. An infected tree shows few symptoms during early stage of infection, while potentially suffers an 80% lifetime yield loss and the tree may be dead within 2 years. Early detection of basal stem rot is crucial since disease control efforts can be done. Laboratory BSR detection methods are effective, but the methods have accuracy, biosafety, and cost concerns. This review article consists of scientific articles related to the oil palm tree disease, basal stem rot, Ganoderma Boninense, remote sensors and deep learning that are listed in the Web of Science since year 2012. About 110 scientific articles were found that is related to the index terms mentioned and 60 research articles were found to be related to the objective of this research thus included in this review article. From the review, it was found that the potential use of deep learning methods were rarely explored. Some research showed unsatisfactory results due to limitations on dataset. However, based on studies related to other plant diseases, deep learning in combination with data augmentation techniques showed great potentials, showing remarkable detection accuracy. Therefore, the feasibility of analyzing oil palm remote sensor data using deep learning models together with data augmentation techniques should be studied. On a commercial scale, deep learning used together with remote sensors and unmanned aerial vehicle technologies showed great potential in the detection of basal stem rot disease.
Determination of Science Students' Awareness on Waste Management

In this research, it was aimed to determine science students’ awareness of waste management. Eleven students studying in the first year of the Science Education Department participated in the research. The screening model was used in the research. The data were collected through scientific newspapers prepared in line with the Scientific Newspaper Preparation Instruction within the Scope of Waste Management. In the five sections of the instruction, students were asked to prepare scientific newspapers that they will support with written explanations and drawings on recovery, reuse, recycling, plastic bag usage, and zero waste within waste management. The data were analyzed by using content analysis. As a result of the research, it was understood that a significant part of the students was aware of the effects of education, research, and project activities on recovery, reuse, recycling, plastic bag usage, and zero waste practices within the scope of waste management, and the place and importance of the individual in waste management. On the other hand, it was understood that most of the students were not aware of the basis of waste management practices as the waste types, the separation of wastes at the source in accordance to their types, and throwing the wastes into the appropriate waste bin for their types.
Predicting Disability Using a Nomogram of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI)

Disability is associated with lower quality of life and premature death in older people. Therefore, prevention and intervention targeting older people living with a disability is important. Frailty can be considered a major predictor of disability. In this study, we aimed to develop nomograms with items of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) as predictors by using cross-sectional and longitudinal data (follow-up of five and nine years), focusing on the prediction of total disability, disability in activities of daily living (ADL), and disability in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). At baseline, 479 Dutch community-dwelling people aged ≥75 years participated. They completed a questionnaire that included the TFI and the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale to assess the three disability variables. We showed that the TFI items scored different points, especially over time. Therefore, not every item was equally important in predicting disability. ‘Difficulty in walking’ and ‘unexplained weight loss’ appeared to be important predictors of disability. Healthcare professionals need to focus on these two items to prevent disability. We also conclude that the points given to frailty items differed between total, ADL, and IADL disability and also differed regarding years of follow-up. Creating one monogram that does justice to this seems impossible.
Microeconometrics: Transition Data: Survival Analysis

Introduction Econometric models of durations are models of the length of time spent in a given state before transition to another state, such as duration unemployed or alive or without health insurance. In biostatistics a duration in a state is also known as lifetime and the time of transition is referred to as death ; in operations research where one often studies lifetimes of physical objects such as light bulbs and machines, the end of useful life, that is, transition to useless life, is called failure time . In econometrics a state is a classification of an individual entity at a point in time, transition is movement from one state to another, and a spell length or duration is the time spent in a given state. A typical regression example is determining the effect of higher unemployment benefit levels on the average length of an unemployment spell or the probability of transition out of unemployment. The literature on this subject can be quite daunting, for a number of reasons. First, several related distributional functions are of interest and either the duration or probability of transition may be modeled. Second, many different sampling schemes are possible and statistical inference depends on both the duration model and the sampling scheme. For example, sampling methods for data on unemployment duration include flow sampling of those entering unemployment in a given month, stock sampling of people unemployed in a given month, and population sampling of all people regardless of employment status.
Numerical investigation of localized separation induced by a three-dimensional pressure gradient

Steady and unsteady separation on a flat-plate generated by a localized three-dimensional pressure gradient has been studied with Direct Numerical Simulations for a range of flow parameters. The fundamental characteristics of this type of flow have been analyzed and three distinctly different topologies were found. Fundamental features described for threedimensional separated flows in general as well as for the flow over a hemisphere-cylinder in particular could be reproduced. The closed separation topologies are all very similar near the line of separation. One pattern in particular displays features that closely resemble the flow over a cylinder with a hemispheric cap. In addition to the closed separation patterns, we also found an open separation topology that may not have been documented before.
Nitrous Oxide-Induced Subacute Combined Degeneration in a 38-Year-Old Pregnant Female After Recreational Use

Nitrous oxide (N2O) misuse creates a diagnostic dilemma due to its clinical presentation, difficulty in identification, and toxicity related to its chronic abuse, with resultant morbidity and mortality. Chronic abuse can lead to myeloneuropathy and subacute combined degeneration in otherwise healthy individuals. Health professionals should be aware of the commercial availability and abuse of N2O by the public, and N2O toxicity should be included in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with myelopathy of unknown etiology. A case report was conducted on a 38-year-old female at approximately 30 weeks of gestation who presented to the emergency department with worsening bilateral lower extremity numbness, tingling, and weakness. The patient admitted to nitrous oxide inhalation during the two months prior to admission. She reported using four cans of whippets per week (approximately 8 g of N2O per whippet) up to 50 cans per day (400 g N2O) prior to the onset of symptoms. An MRI of the cervical spine was performed, showing T2 hyperintensity from C2 to C6 involving dorsal columns indicative of subacute combined degeneration. The patient was treated with intravenous vitamin B12 due to the clinical and radiographic evidence of nitrous oxide-induced myelopathy. The pathophysiology of N2O toxicity involves the oxidation of the cobalt atom of cobalamin (vitamin B12) from its reduced active 1+ valent state to its oxidized inactive 3+ valent state. This oxidation inactivates the enzyme methionine synthetase. B12 is an essential cofactor for downstream DNA synthesis. Consequently, excess N2O creates functional B12 deficiency leading to irreversible nerve damage if left undiagnosed and untreated.
Analysis and Design of a Partial Power Processing Architecture for High Step-Up Applications

Combining the advantageous features of the traditional two-stage and input-parallel-output-series structure, this article proposes a partial power connection method for step-up applications with the advantages of wide input voltage range, galvanic isolation and partial power voltage regulation. In the proposed structure, the nonisolated dc–dc converter handles a small portion of the total power to regulate the system output voltage by simple pulsewidth modulation control. The latter stage should be a full bridge structure and the partial power processing is realized with different input voltages of the two bridge arms, which is beneficial to reduce the total number and cost of components, and two connection architectures are achieved in this way. The operation characteristics of the two architectures are analyzed in detail in this article, and an optimal structure is obtained from the perspective of fewer components and better partial power processing capacity. Furthermore, an isolated full bridge dc–dc converter with secondary resonance is selected to operate at the unregulated state as an application case to verify the feasibility and advantages of the proposed structure. An experimental prototype with 32–40 V input voltage range and 400 V/ 0.5 A output is built with 1 MHz switching frequency. The peak measured efficiency at 40 V full load is 95.3%.
Avaliação de Processos de Software Baseada em Medições

A melhoria do processo de software é um objetivo fundamental para as organizações e deve estar baseada em medições. Entretanto, definir, coletar e analisar um conjunto de métricas não é uma tarefa trivial. Neste artigo descrevemos uma abordagem para avaliação de processos de software que define como selecionar métricas adequadas seguindo a abordagem GQM (Goal-Question-Metrics), estabelece a realização de medições como parte integrante do processo de desenvolvimento e propõe a análise dos resultados apoiada em um sistema baseado em conhecimento.
Militarized urbanism in the cold war era: The resettlement of the refugees in Khan Younis

The resettlement of Palestinian refugees is often studied through two distinct approaches: the first uses settler colonialism as an analytical framework to explore structural violence and Indigenous transfer, expressed through counterinsurgency and urbicide; the second investigates practices of care and governance and their representations within a universalized discourse of humanitarianism. This article introduces a new approach, exploring historical (post)colonial architectural narratives—rooted in international discourses of humanitarian relief and development aid—to interrogate the complex settler-colonial conditions and practices of Israel’s resettlement of refugees. Such narratives emphasis the materialization of resettlement, in which structural violence is culturally co-produced. The article focuses on the Khan Younis refugee resettlement project in the Gaza Strip (1983-1993), drawing on archival materials and in-depth interviews to offering ‘militarized urbanism’ as a novel description of the violence of resettlement. Situated at the junction between military technologies and cultural practices, ‘militarized urbanism’ represents the transformation of the geopolitics of colonial warfare to the colonization of the everyday, where urban and architectural knowledge are reshaped by security logics in the mediation of conflicting civilian and political agendas.
The Electron-Cloud Efiect in the Arcs of the LHC z,x

We present an update of our estimates for the power deposition arising from the electroncloud efiect in the dipole bending magnets in the arcs of the LHC. In addition, we present the estimate of the power deposition in the fleld-free regions in the arcs. We hold the number of particles per bunch and the bunch spacing flxed at their nominal values, and we assume throughout a high photon re∞ectivity. We explore the dependence of the power deposition on the photoelectric e‐ciency and on secondary emission yield parameters. We flnd a marked sensitivity to parameters that characterize secondary emission on the scale of 5i 10 eV.
Dynamic Performance Analysis of Logic Gates Based on p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN HEMTs at High Temperature

The high-temperature operation of the AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) and direct-coupled FET logic (DCFL) inverters, NOR gates, and NAND gates are demonstrated. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-GaN-gate HEMTs which are used as drivers in DCFL circuits exhibit proper E-mode operation with a relatively stable threshold voltage <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {TH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (drift −0.31 V) and high electron mobility <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 587 cm2/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}\cdot \text{S}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 300 °C. The fabricated logic gates have a small switching time at room temperature (RT). As the temperature increases to 300 °C, these logic gates exhibit a slight increase in switching time, wherein the fall time and rise time of the inverter from room temperature to 300 °C increases from 16 ns to 129 ns and 128 ns to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.864~\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. The logic gates herein exhibit accurate and stable operation at 300 °C. Furthermore, the reason for the switching time increase at high temperature is revealed from the perspective of devices.
TcbHLH14 a Jasmonate Associated MYC2-like Transcription Factor Positively Regulates Pyrethrin Biosynthesis in Tanacetum cinerariifolium

Natural pyrethrins have high application value, and are widely used as a green pesticide in crop pest prevention and control. Pyrethrins are mainly extracted from the flower heads of Tanacetum cinerariifolium; however, the natural content is low. Therefore, it is essential to understand the regulatory mechanisms underlying the synthesis of pyrethrins through identification of key transcription factors. We identified a gene encoding a MYC2-like transcription factor named TcbHLH14 from T. cinerariifolium transcriptome, which is induced by methyl jasmonate. In the present study, we evaluated the regulatory effects and mechanisms of TcbHLH14 using expression analysis, a yeast one-hybrid assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and overexpression/virus-induced gene silencing experiments. We found that TcbHLH14 can directly bind to the cis-elements of the pyrethrins synthesis genes TcAOC and TcGLIP to activate their expression. The transient overexpression of TcbHLH14 enhanced expression of the TcAOC and TcGLIP genes. Conversely, transient silencing of TcbHLH14 downregulated the expression of TcAOC and TcGLIP and reduced the content of pyrethrins. In summary, these results indicate that the potential application of TcbHLH14 in improving the germplasm resources and provide a new insight into the regulatory network of pyrethrins biosynthesis of T. cinerariifolium to further inform the development of engineering strategies for increasing pyrethrins contents.
The compound risk of heat and COVID-19 in New York City: riskscapes, physical and social factors, and interventions

ABSTRACT Climate change is disrupting the fundamental conditions of human life and exacerbating existing inequity by placing further burdens on communities that are already vulnerable. Risk exposure varies by where people live and work. In this article, we examine the spatial overlap of the compound risks of COVID-19 and extreme heat in New York City. We assess the relationship between socio-demographic and natural, built and social environmental characteristics, and the spatial correspondence of COVID-19 daily case rates across three pandemic waves. We use these data to create a compound risk index combining heat, COVID-19, density and social vulnerability. Our findings demonstrate that the compound risk of COVID-19 and heat are public health and equity challenges. Heat and COVID-19 exposure are influenced by natural, built, and social environmental factors, including access to mitigation infrastructure. Socio-demographic characteristics are significant indicators of COVID-19 and heat exposure and of where compound vulnerability exists. Using GIS mapping, we illustrate how COVID-19 risk geographies change across the three waves of the pandemic and the particular impact of vaccinations before the onset of the third wave. We, then, use our compound risk index to assess heat interventions undertaken by the City, identify neighborhoods of both adequate and inadequate coverage and provide recommendations for future interventions.
A Metabolomics-Based Study on the Discriminative Classification Models and Toxicological Mechanism of Estazolam Fatal Intoxication

Fatal intoxication with sedative-hypnotic drugs is increasing yearly. However, the plasma drug concentration data for fatal intoxication involving these substances are not systematic and even overlap with the intoxication group. Therefore, developing a more precise and trustworthy approach to determining the cause of death is necessary. This study analyzed mice plasma and brainstem samples using the liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HR MS/MS)-based metabolomics method to create discriminative classification models for estazolam fatal intoxication (EFI). The most perturbed metabolic pathway between the EFI and EIND (estazolam intoxication non-death) was examined, Both EIND and EFI groups were administered 500 mg of estazolam per 100 g of body weight. Mice that did not die beyond 8 hours were treated with cervical dislocation and were classified into the EIND groups; the lysine degradation pathway was verified by qPCR (Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction), metabolite quantitative and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) analysis. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis with EFI were the experimental group and four hypoxia-related non-drug-related deaths (NDRDs) were the control group. Mass spectrometry data were analyzed with Compound Discoverer (CD) 3.1 software and multivariate statistical analyses were performed using the online software MetaboAnalyst 5.0. After a series of analyses, the results showed the discriminative classification model in plasma was composed of three endogenous metabolites: phenylacetylglycine, creatine and indole-3-lactic acid, and in the brainstem was composed of palmitic acid, creatine, and indole-3-lactic acid. The specificity validation results showed that both classification models distinguished between the other four sedatives–hypnotics, with an area under ROC curve (AUC) of 0.991, and the classification models had an extremely high specificity. When comparing different doses of estazolam, the AUC value of each group was larger than 0.80, and the sensitivity was also high. Moreover, the stability results showed that the AUC value was equal to or very close to 1 in plasma samples stored at 4 °C for 0, 1, 5, 10 and 15 days; the predictive power of the classification model was stable within 15 days. The results of lysine degradation pathway validation revealed that the EFI group had the highest lysine and saccharopine concentrations (mean (ng/mg) = 1.089 and 1.2526, respectively) when compared to the EIND and control group, while the relative expression of SDH (saccharopine dehydrogenase) showed significantly lower in the EFI group (mean = 1.206). Both of these results were statistically significant. Furthermore, TEM analysis showed that the EFI group had the more severely damaged mitochondria. This work gives fresh insights into the toxicological processes of estazolam and a new method for identifying EFI-related causes of mortality.