Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ferric Iron in CaTiO3 Perovskite as an Oxygen Barometer for Kimberlite Magmas II: Applications

We apply an oxygen barometer based on the Fe content of CaTiO3 perovskite to estimate the oxygen fugacity (fO2) during the crystallization and emplacement of kimberlites in different eruptive phases of a single pipe, or between different pipes, clusters or provinces. Mineral chemical data for perovskite were compiled from the literature and obtained in our detailed study of perovskites from 11 kimberlites at Somerset Island and Lac de Gras, Canada. Perovskite compositions in kimberlites record a range in fO2 of many orders of magnitude from NNO 5 to NNOþ 6 [where log fO2 is given relative to the nickel^nickel oxide (NNO) buffer]. The range of fO2 recorded by different parageneses of perovskite within a single pipe can vary up to three orders of magnitude with trends toward both oxidation and reduction during crystallization. Kimberlites record some of the greatest ranges, and the highest known fO2 conditions for any terrestrial magma. This is attributed to the presence of deep and oxidized source regions and the variable interplay of ferric^ferrous vs carbon^fluid equilibria during ascent of kimberlite magmas. Three kimberlite pipes from the Lac de Gras field show that higher fO2 values correlate with higher proportions of more resorbed diamonds, suggesting that this variable has a measurable effect on the physical properties of diamonds in a pipe.
Atlantic near‐term climate variability and the role of a resolved Gulf Stream

There is a continually increasing demand for near‐term (i.e., lead times up to a couple of decades) climate information. This demand is partly driven by the need to have robust forecasts and is partly driven by the need to assess how much of the ongoing climate change is due to natural variability and how much is due to anthropogenic increases in greenhouse gases or other external factors. Here we discuss results from a set of state‐of‐the‐art climate model experiments in comparison with observational estimates that show that an assessment of predictability requires models that capture the variability of major oceanic fronts, which are, at best, poorly resolved and may even be absent in the near‐term prediction of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change class models. This is the first time that air‐sea interactions associated with resolved Gulf Stream sea surface temperature have been identified in the context of a state‐of‐the‐art global coupled climate model with inferred near‐term predictability.
Morpho-Anatomical, Physiological and Biochemical Adjustments in Response to Heat and Drought Co-Stress in Winter Barley

This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of high temperatures 10 °C above the optimum and water withholding during microgametogenesis on vegetative processes and determine the response of winter barley genotypes with contrasting tolerance. For this purpose, two barley varieties were analyzed to compare the effect of heat and drought co-stress on their phenology, morpho-anatomy, physiological and biochemical responses and yield constituents. Genotypic variation was observed in response to heat and drought co-stress, which was attributed to differences in anatomy, ultrastructure and physiological and metabolic processes. The co-stress-induced reduction in relative water content, total soluble protein and carbohydrate contents, photosynthetic pigment contents and photosynthetic efficiency of the sensitive Spinner variety was significantly greater than the tolerant Lambada genotype. Based on these observations, it has been concluded that the heat-and-drought stress-tolerance of the Lambada variety is related to the lower initial chlorophyll content of the leaves, the relative resistance of photosynthetic pigments towards stress-triggered degradation, retained photosynthetic parameters and better-preserved leaf ultrastructure. Understanding the key factors underlying heat and drought co-stress tolerance in barley may enable breeders to create barley varieties with improved yield stability under a changing climate.
Journal of Digital Forensics, Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law Security and Law

This paper presents an algorithm for comparing large numbers of traces to each other and identifying and presenting groups of traces with similar features. It is applied to forensic analysis in which groups of similar traces are automatically identified and presented so that attribution and other related claims may be asserted, and independently confirmed or refuted. The approach of this paper is to identify an approximate algorithm that will find a large subset of greatest common factor similar groups of arbitrary factors in far less time and space than an exact algorithm using examiner-provided selection criteria for factor definition
Efficacy and safety of apatinib plus chemotherapy vs. chemotherapy alone for the treatment of advanced‑stage non‑small cell lung cancer: A meta‑analysis

Apatinib has been widely applied for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer since its development; however, available conclusive data regarding its use in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are lacking. Thus, the present meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of the use of apatinib plus chemotherapy vs. chemotherapy alone for the treatment of patients with advanced-stage NSCLC. Published studies reporting the treatment response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and adverse events in patients with advanced-stage NSCLC treated with apatinib plus chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone were searched using the PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, EMBASE, Chongqing VIP Information, Cochrane and Wanfang databases until February 2023. Finally, 18 studies involving 677 patients with NSCLC receiving apatinib plus chemotherapy and 672 patients with NSCLC receiving chemotherapy were included in the present analysis. Apatinib plus chemotherapy was found to increase the objective response rate [relative risk (RR), 1.60; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.38–1.86] and disease control rate (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.21–1.38) compared to chemotherapy alone. Of note, apatinib plus chemotherapy also prolonged PFS compared with chemotherapy alone (hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.35–0.73), while no OS data were retrievable from the included studies. With regard to safety, apatinib plus chemotherapy elevated the risk of developing hypertension (RR, 3.78; 95% CI, 1.81–7.93) and hand-foot syndrome (RR, 6.51; 95% CI, 3.70–11.46) vs. chemotherapy alone; however, no difference was observed between the two regimens in terms of the incidence of other adverse events. Furthermore, the bias was low and the pooled findings were reliable/stable, as indicated by a sensitivity analysis. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that apatinib plus chemotherapy increases the treatment response and PFS vs. chemotherapy alone, while it also elevates the risk of developing hypertension and hand-foot syndrome in patients with advanced-stage NSCLC.
Improved deep semantic dictionary learning for multi-label image classification

Multi-label image classification is a practical and challenging task in the field of machine learning. It is a fundamental but essential task used in auto driving, internet image classification, and other fields. Many researchers have done various researches on relevant aspects. Deep Semantic Dictionary Learning (DSDL) is a multi-label image classification method brought out by previous researchers which combines the semantic meaning information into the classification task. However, it only uses one kind of feature extraction network as the feature map generator without considering other alternatives. In this paper, six types of pretrained networks are applied as alternative choices to validate the performance of DSDL on different neural networks. Experiments are conducted on the VOC2007 dataset and the result shows the inner relation of different series of neural networks and demonstrates that different feature extraction networks perform variously on different tasks. The ResNet-152 achieves the mean average precision (mAP) of 94.5% and outperforms the original DSDL method of 0.3% mAP.
BLUE WHALE (Balaenoptera musculus musculus): Central North Pacific Stock

STOCK DEFINITION AND GEOGRAPHIC RANGE The International Whaling Commission (IWC) has formally considered only one management stock for blue whales in the North Pacific (Donovan 1991), but up to five populations have been proposed (Reeves et al. 1998). Rice (1974) hypothesized that blue whales from Baja California migrated far offshore to fed in the eastern Aleutians or Gulf of Alaska and returned to feed in California waters; however, he has more recently concluded that the California population is separate from the Gulf of Alaska population (Rice 1992). Length frequency analyses (Gilpatrick et al. 1996) and photo-identification studies (Calambokidis et al. 1995) support separate population status for blue whales feeding off California and those feeding in Alaskan waters. Whaling catch data indicate that whales feeding along the Aleutian Islands are probably part of a central Pacific stock (Reeves et al. 1998), which may migrate to offshore waters north of Hawaii in winter (Berzin and Rovnin 1966). Blue whale feeding aggregations have not been found in Alaska despite several surveys (Leatherwood et al. 1982; Stewart et al. 1987; Forney and Brownell 1996); however, blue whale calls have been recorded there between 1995 and 2001 (Stafford et al. 2001, Stafford 2003). Figure 1. Locations of four blue whale sightings made by observers aboard Hawaii-based longline fishing vessels between July 1994 and December 2009 (NMFS/PIR unpublished data). Solid lines represent the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).
Fracture Network of Synfolding in the Eastern Kohat Plateau, Northern Pakistan

Symmetric relations between synfolding fractures and fold geometry have been used to explain the formation of fracture in sedimentary rocks. Based on field observation - the spatial distribution of fracture system that has affected the Miocene Kamlial Formation of the Eastern Kohat syncline from foreland area of the Pakistani Himalaya. The syncline structure located in the East Kohat Potwar plateau. The dominant fracture trends are sub parallel and orthogonal to the fold hinge. The fracture system is dominated by nearorthogonal network of NE-SW and NW-SE striking fractures. The NE-SW fractures follow the axis of the syncline, whereas NW-SW fractures crosscut the fold axis. The scaling properties of these fracture system are analyzed from high quality, outcrop scale digital photographs of two locations, A and B. After digitization of fractures on commercially available drawing software, two dimension binary images were prepared for standard box-counting technique. The fracture sets are considered as a whole and not as an individual set of fractures. The results show that the spatial distribution of fractures and their growth follow power-law with fractal dimension (D) at location A (D = -1.153:10.057) and B (D = - 1.156:10.050), and have upper and lower fractal limit. The D values are effectively identical with minimum standard errors. The results conclusively suggest that there is a genetic link between the fractures from one location to another and that they developed synchronous with the folding event. The results have important implications on the geometry and growth propagation of the fracture development during folding, where the fracture sets are interpreted as tectonic in origin and are synchronous with the post-Miocene folding of the Kamlial Formation and are not pre- or post-folding fractures
Using IGMP Protocol to Improve the Latency of Cloud Computing

To solve the problem of network latency of cloud computing, organizations usually use the edge computing, which means shorter physical distance from the client, or the parallel computing method, which means separate the task to multi cloud servers. However, these two major solutions do not effectively solve the problem of network latency caused by multiple clients accessing the same resources. In this paper, a new strategy is proposed based on the operation mode of Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) to solve the networks latency and waste of network resources caused by multiple clients’ access. This paper would perform the comparison tasks by using Amazon Web Services (AWS). To show the differences, there would be a simulated test of 1000 clients who are trying to access cloud resources from one cloud server. By comparing the total time of 1000 clients receiving their resources, the original group takes 5309 seconds for the cloud server to process the tasks. The test group takes 5034 seconds for the cloud server to process the tasks, which is about 5.68% improvement. Through the research, the conclusion is that if cloud resources are partition properly, the grouping strategy could effectively alleviate the networks latency problem of multiple clients.
Reduced-Complexity Approach for Opacity Enforcement Based on Extended Insertion Functions with Limited Insertion Events

Opacity is a security and privacy property that guarantees predefined secret behavior of a cyber-physical system will not be inferred with certainty by a malicious entity. If a system is opacity-violating, extended insertion functions that insert fake symbols can be implemented to enforce opacity. By constricting the ways in which the fake symbols are inserted, this paper addresses opacity enforcement under the framework of finite state automata using extended insertion functions under event insertion constraints and limited insertion events constraints, i.e., only a limited number of symbols in a specified set can be inserted before and after an actual system output. The notion of (kb,ka)-EIC-enforceability is proposed to describe how to enforce opacity via extended insertion functions in the presence of both event insertion constraints and limited insertion events constraints. A necessary and sufficient condition to check (kb,ka)-EIC-enforceability is derived by constructing an appropriate verifier.
Magma Genesis and Mantle Dynamics at the Harrat Ash Shamah Volcanic Field (Southern Syria)

A geochemical and petrological study of Miocene to recent alkali basalts, basanites, hawaiites, mugearites, trachytes, and phonolites erupted within the Harrat Ash Shamah volcanic field was performed to reconstruct the magmatic evolution of southern Syria. The major element composition of the investigated lavas is mainly controlled by fractional crystallization of olivine, clinopyroxene, +/- Fe-Ti oxides and +/- apatite; feldspar fractionation is restricted to the most evolved lavas. Na2O and SiO2 variations within uncontaminated, primitive lavas as well as variably fractionated heavy rare earth element ratios suggest a formation by variable degrees of partial melting of different garnet peridotite sources triggered, probably, by changes in mantle temperature. The isotopic range as well as the variable trace element enrichment observed in the lavas imply derivation from both a volatile- and incompatible element-enriched asthenosphere and from a plume component. In addition, some lavas have been affected by crustal contamination. This effect is most prominent in evolved lavas older than 3.5 Ma, which assimilated 30-40% of crustal material. In general, the periodicity of volcanism in conjunction with temporal changes in lava composition and melting regime suggest that the Syrian volcanism was triggered by a pulsing mantle plume located underneath northwestern Arabia.
Summer Surface Albedo of Sea Ice in Pacific Arctic Sector as Measured during the CHINARE 2010 cruise

Abstract Knowledge of Arctic snow and ice surface albedo is essential to understand local energy budget and snow/ice albedo feedback under global warming scenario. In situ measured albedo plays an essential role by providing ground truth reference for remote sensing monitoring of albedo at large scale. Such measurements with portable and fixed-location spectroradiometers were conducted in one 12-day (long-term) and several short-term (3–4 hours) ice stations over the Pacific Arctic sector during the summer 2010 Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition (CHINARE). Results show that the wavelength-integrated albedo across 350 to 2200 nm of bare ice was ∼0.56 to 0.68 in the lower latitudes and marginal ice zone, while albedo of snow-covered ice reduced from 0.75–0.86 to 0.42–0.61 during the mid-August period of the 12-day ice station (86°48′N to 87°20′N). The albedo variation and evolution of melt ponds were examined with details during the 12-day ice station. It is found that albedo of melt pond reduced from 0.68 (melt pond snow, 9 August) and 0.66 (melt pond ice, 9 August) to 0.32 (melt pond water and ice, 17 August) in one week as a rainfall event occurred. Such rapid decreasing of snow and sea ice albedo and evident difference between the pack ice zone and marginal ice zone may contribute to the surface albedo feedback and rapidly shrinking summer sea ice extent in the Arctic Ocean.
Microphysics of pre-monsoon and monsoon clouds as seen from in situ measurements during CAIPEEX

Analysis of the microphysical structure of deep convective clouds using in situ measurements during the Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment (CAIPEEX) over the Indian peninsular region is presented. It is shown that droplet size distributions (DSDs) in highly polluted premonsoon clouds are substantially narrower than DSDs in less polluted monsoon clouds. High values of DSD dispersion (0.3-0.6) and its vertical variation in the transient and monsoon clouds are related largely to the existence of small cloud droplets with diameters less than 10 µm, which were found at nearly all levels. This finding indicates the existence of a continuous generation of the smallest droplets at different heights. In some cases this generation of small droplets leads to the formation of bimodal and even multimodal DSDs. The formation of bimodal DSDs is especially pronounced in monsoon clouds. Observational evidence is presented to suggest that in-cloud nucleation at elevated layers is a fundamental mechanism for producing multimodal drop size distribution in monsoon clouds as well as in most deep convective clouds. These findings indicate that inclusion of continued nucleation away from the cloud base into numerical models should be considered to predict microphysics and precipitation of clouds in monsoons and other cloud-related phenomena.
On the mechanics of structured sands

To date the effect of structure on the behaviour of natural sands has focused almost exclusively on the component of bonding, and the effect of fabric has been largely overlooked. The paper describes a detailed investigation of the behaviour of two natural sands by means of triaxial testing over a wide range of pressures. One material had bonding as the principal element of its structure and the other fabric. Following on from a paper of Cuccovillo and Coop which examined the influence of the two structural elements on the small-strain stiffness, the current paper develops a new framework for the yielding and large-strain behaviour. It is suggested that structure should be considered as an element of the nature of a sand in addition to properties such as mineralogy, particle shape and grading. The resulting framework is then capable of encompassing the patterns of behaviour seen for both bonding- and fabric-dominated sands. While bonding results in a cohesive mode of shearing, it is demonstrated that when.
Analysis on Diurnal Variation of Precipitation in Southwest China

Based on the hourly precipitation data of 91 weather stations in Southwest China from 1960 to 2000,the hourly precipitation frequencies and amount ratios in each month over 40 years in southwest China are investigated.The results indicated that the maximum frequency of hourly precipitation is different in various areas and seasons.In contrast with Yunnan′s daytime rainfall in different seasons,the rainfall of Sichuan,Chongqing and part of Guizhou tend to reach the high frequency in the nighttime.In southwest region,the daily precipitation is unevenly distributed with time.During summer,however,precipitation in each climate area concentrates in a short time.The possible reason for this phenomenon is that severe convective frequently occur in southwest China during summer.
Baseline Performance Monitoring of Commercial Dairy Anaerobic Digester

Manure is generally a low quality wastewater for biogas production as much of the organics have already been biologically converted during animal digestion. Because of this, the resulting manure is composed to a large degree of stabilized or recalcitrant organics, resulting in only limited biogas production from its subsequent digestion. Despite the low production, though, manure provide stability to the digestion process as its organic loading is relatively low and it is highly alkaline which controls the pH throughout the digestion process (Callaghan et al., 2002; Hartmann and Ahring, 2005). In contrast, other wastewaters such as food processing wastes, industrial greases and oils, and organic fraction municipal solids (OFMSW) are rich in biodegradable organics and correspondingly contain a large biogas production potential. Unfortunately, these wastes are often difficult to digest in practice as they are often too high in organic loads, contain high levels of inhibitory substances, and contain low levels of alkalinity or buffering capacity to control pH adequately throughout the digestion process (Gallert and Winter, 1997). Notably, the biogas industry has recognized the beneficial effects that can be achieved by combining the digestion of manures with other organically-rich wastewaters or waste solids, namely increased biogas production and enhanced stability. This practice is called co-digestion, with the non-manure waste streams being referred to as substrates, and although considerable research has been done at laboratory scale (Alatriste-Mondragon et al., 2006; Braun et al., 2003), little demonstration of co-digestion has been done at commercial scale (DEA, 1995; Kaparaju et al., 2002; Kumke and Langhans, 2000).
Eocene extension in Idaho generated massive sediment floods into the Franciscan trench and into the Tyee, Great Valley, and Green River basins

The Franciscan Complex accretionary prism was assembled during an ~165-m.y. -long period of subduction of Pacifi c Ocean plates beneath the western margin of the North American plate. In such fossil subduction complexes, it is generally diffi cult to reconstruct details of the accretion of continent-derived sediments and to evaluate the factors that controlled accretion. New detrital zircon U-Pb ages indicate that much of the major Coastal belt subunit of the Franciscan Complex represents a massive, relatively brief, surge of near-trench deposition and accretion during Eocene time (ca. 53‐49 Ma). Sediments were sourced mainly from the distant Idaho Batholith region rather than the nearby Sierra Nevada. Idaho detritus also fed the Great Valley forearc basin of California (ca. 53‐37 Ma), the Tyee forearc basin of coastal Oregon (49 to ca. 36 Ma), and the greater Green River lake basin of Wyoming (50‐47 Ma). Plutonism in the Idaho Batholith spanned 98‐53 Ma in a contractional setting; it was abruptly superseded by major extension in the Bitterroot, Anaconda, Clearwater, and Priest River metamorphic core complexes (53‐40 Ma) and by major volcanism in the Challis volcanic fi eld (51‐43 Ma). This extensional tectonism apparently deformed and uplifted a broad region, shedding voluminous sediments toward depocenters to the west and southeast. In the Franciscan Coastal belt, the major increase in sediment input apparently triggered a pulse of massive accretion, a pulse ultimately controlled by continental tectonism far within the interior of the North American plate, rather than by some tectonic event along the plate boundary itself.