Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Reliability and Anterior Glide Distance of Humerus Head of Passive Shoulder Internal Rotation Range of Motion Measurement Methods

Abstract 1) A Comparison of Reliability and Anterior Glide Distance of Humerus Head of Passive Shoulder Internal Rotation Range of Motion Measurement Methods Hyun-sook Kim, Ph.D., P.T. Dept. of Physical Therapy, Yeojoo Institute of Technology Won-hwee Lee, M.Sc., P.T. Sung-dae Choung, B.H. Sc. , P.T. Dept. of Rehabilitation Therapy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University The purpose of this study was to measure intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and range of motion for measurement of passive shoulder internal rotation range of motion and to compare anterior glide dis-tance of humeral head in three methods. Fifty healthy subjects and fifty patients with shoulder muscu-loskeletal pain were recruited for this study. The subjects' passive shoulder internal rotation range of motion was measured by visual estimation, manual stabilization, and pressure biofeedback unit methods. In two trials, measurements were performed on each subject by two examiners. Intraclass correlation co-efficient (ICC(3,1)) was used to determine the reliability of each measurement. The intra-rater reliability of the three methods was excellent (ICC=.77～.93) in both groups. The inter-rater reliability of the visual estimation method was poor (ICC=.20, .29), the manual scapular stabilization method was poor and fair (ICC=.09, .50), and the pressure biofeedback unit method was excellent (ICC .86, .75) in the experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, the difference of examined range of motion by each exam-iner was significant in the visual estimation method and manual scapular stabilization method, but there was an insignificant difference between the groups is the pressure biofeedback unit method. This result suggests that the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of a pressure biofeedback unit was better than the other methods. The difference in distance of the anterior glide of humeral head was insignificant among all the methods. The pressure biofeedback unit method was the most reliable method, so it is proposed to be a new and reliable method to measure internal rotation range of motion. Key Words: Pressure biofeedback unit; Range of motion; Reliability; Shoulder.
Testing Methods for Reconstructing Glacial Antarctic Circumpolar Current Transport in an Isotope‐Enabled Climate Model

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) plays a vital role in the interbasin exchange of ocean properties. A robust method to reconstruct the ACC baroclinic transport is helpful to assess the ACC's sensitivity to a changed climate. Here we test the reconstruction methods at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ∼20 ka) using end‐member water masses in a fully coupled, isotope‐enabled Community Earth System Model. Model results suggest that the density profile at the northern side of ocean margins across the ACC can be reconstructed well from end‐member water masses of Subtropical Surface Water (STSW), Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), and Lower Circumpolar Deep Water. One additional pore fluid observation at 1,000 m can substantially improve transport reconstruction and is essential to constrain the sign of change in ACC transport during the LGM. Moreover, the uncertainty in transport calculation is large when salinities for STSW and AAIW are reconstructed independently based on the δ18Osw‐Salinity relationship of surface and intermediate waters in the South Indian Ocean. More direct measurements of LGM temperature and salinity may allow better transport reconstruction.
Exploring application areas for naturalistic driving observation studies: potential for research on ITS

Naturalistic driving is a research method that is identified as promising for obtaining new insights in various road safety issues and is increasingly proposed and applied to investigate in-vehicle systems. This paper reports an exploration of the potential of naturalistic driving observation for research on intelligent transport systems (ITS). The paper is based upon results from an ongoing European naturalistic driving project, PROLOGUE. A literature review was conducted on topics and applications of previous and current naturalistic studies, followed by an internet survey amongst road transport professionals in Europe to identify their interests and priorities for future naturalistic driving studies. The results show that European road safety professionals recognise the potential of using naturalistic driving studies to study in-vehicle systems and related driving behaviour and crash risk.
Roadmap of optical computing

This paper presented a roadmap of optical computing, particularly, for optical implementation of convolution, in comparison with supercomputer. Optical computing power presented in this roadmap is predicted based on a simple mathematic equation of convolution where optics can do matrix convolution in full parallelism with single pass of light, which could be 500 times faster than supercomputer( Fugaku), while energy consumption of optical computing might be 1000 times lower than supercomputer (Fugaku), supposing 8K Spatial Light Modulator with extremely high updating rate <22000 frame per second might be obtained in the future. This roadmap indicates a bright future of optical computing for matrix convolution, which might take up 80% of total computing power required in deep-learning neural network.
Hitachi's role in the area of power electronics for transportation

Advances in transportation systems have been spectacular. A variable-voltage variable-frequency (VVVF) inverter drive, which applies a large-capacity gate turn-off (GTO) thyristor and a high voltage insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) have been developed to attain higher speed, lighter weight and lower level of noise of transportation systems such as rolling stock, elevators and electric vehicles. In view of the above-mentioned needs, Hitachi has propelled research and development not only to improve individual component devices employing sophisticated power electronics and microcomputer technology, but also to maximize the performance and minimize the size, weight, and level of noise of conventional transportation controllers. In transportation systems, the inverter control is already becoming mainstream. In this light, Hitachi has tackled the development of large-capacity GTO thyristors, high voltage IGBTs, GTO and IGBT drive technology, cooling technology and installation technology. This paper describes Hitachi's role in the area of power electronics for transportation. Especially, new systems of rolling stock are explained. <<ETX>>
Microbial community with predictive power can be a new non-invasive substitute for clinical and pathological identification of diabetic nephropathy

Background Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by increased incidence, deficient diagnostic methods and poor prognosis. New idea about altered gut microbiome associated with diagnosis and development of diabetic nephropathy remains to be verified. The major aim of our study is to relate fecal microbiome to clinically diagnosed diabetic kidney disease (DKD) or pathologically identified diabetic nephropathy (defined as DN) and further evaluate diagnosis potential of microbial markers for DKD/DN. We carried out 16S rRNA sequencing on a discovery cohort consisting of 352 patients (DKD = 120, DM = diabetes mellitus = 92, Con = healthy controls = 140) to identify microbial taxa and construct DKD classifier. Functional relevance and clinic correlation of microbiome changes were performed using PICRUSt and Spearman analysis, respectively. Independent 60 DKDs and 116 non-DKDs (DM = 46, Con = 70) were used to validate the results. The same analysis was performed on DKD pathologic subtypes (DN = 22, MN = membranous nephropathy = 22). Results DKD/DM samples had a distinct microbiome signature with lower alpha-diversity and significantly different microbial composition compared with Con (P < 0.001). Expansion of opportunistic pathogens (Peptostreptococcaceae_incertae_sedis, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Erysipelotrichaceae_incertae_sedis), sulphate-reducing bacteria (Desulfovibrio) and depletion of bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) (Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Blautia and Roseburia) were major contributors to above differences. Interestingly, mucosa-associated bacteria including Akkermansia and Ruminococcus were also increased in DKD. The combination of 11 microbial markers could separate 120 DKDs from 232 non-DKDs with an area under curve (AUC) of 88.12%. Correspondingly, diagnostic power of microbial biomarkers was evaluated in a validation cohort of 60 patients and 116 non-DKDs (AUC = 79.75%). Besides DKD-related lipid and arginine metabolism, we also observed an increase of metabolism of aromatic amino acid in DM. Additionally, microbial comparison was carried out between pathologic subtypes of DKD, which could be used to distinguish DN from MN with 77.69% AUC. Conclusion Gut microbiome-related changes were associated with pathogenesis of DKD/DN; Microbiota-targeted markers could be an alternative test for DKD diagnosis and a non-invasive choice to differentiate DKD pathologic subtypes.
Self-organization: a new approach to improve the reactivity of the production systems

Self-organization has been introduced in smart production systems (intelligent manufacturing systems). In this paper, we analyze self-organization concepts and its applicability in future production systems for more flexibility and reactivity. This concept is strongly linked with autonomy, self-organized networks and cellular automata. It is developed in order to highlight its characteristics and operating modes. We also describe the studies we have conducted in flexible shops, and the results obtained on complex assemblies and production systems. Finally, recommendations directly related to this subject are given.
How to Calculate the Costs of Poverty in Canada: Comment on the Nathan Laurie Approach and Recommended Improvements

In 2008, Nathan Laurie calculated the costs of poverty in Canada and Ontario for the first time. Since then, several researchers have used the approach he developed to calculate the costs of poverty for most of the Canadian provinces. This research has had a substantial impact on the thinking of the public and policy makers around poverty and poverty reduction in Canada. In this working paper, we distill the central tenants of Laurie’s approach and recommend several improvements that can be made to it. In effect, Laurie’s approach works with readily available data to answer the counterfactual question: what would the savings and gains be to individuals and society if we raised the standard of living of the poor to the modest level achieved by the second income quintile or higher? In several places, however, his approach results in estimates of costs that are insensitive to changes in widely recognized measures of poverty, including Canada’s new Official Poverty Line, otherwise known as the Market Basket Measure (MBM). In the latter sections of this paper, we reproduce Laurie’s original calculations and contrast these with results based on our own recommendations in the same year. Our recommendations generate comparable results.
Total knee arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, severe osteoporosis, and genu valgum

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by symmetric, relapsing, and chronic destructive synovitis. This retrospective study aimed to assess the clinical benefits of TKA in patients with RA, severe osteoporosis, and moderate genu valgum.Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with RA, osteoporosis, and genu valgus treated using TKA at the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University between 05/2016 and 05/2019. Posterior stable prostheses were used in all patients. The Knee Society Scoring System (KSS) was used to assess surgical outcomes.Results: There were eight males (10 knees) and 24 females (34 knees). Healing by the first intention was achieved in all patients. All patients were followed for a mean of 2.9 (range, 1-4) years. At the last follow-up, the KSS clinical score improved from 32.1±9.8 to 82.0±5.8 (P<0.001). The KSS functional score of the patients improved from 38.3±9.3 to 88.1±10.7 (P<0.001). The flexion-extension range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint improved from 81.8°±27.9° to 105.8°±17.0° (P<0.001). The femorotibial angle (FTA) changed from 23.1°±2.8° to 6.8°±1.9° (P<0.001). Common peroneal nerve paralysis and periarticular infection each occurred in one patient.Conclusion: TKA by the medial parapatellar approach with proper osteotomy and soft tissue balancing can restore knee function in patients with RA, severe osteoporosis, and genu valgum.
Woody and nonwoody whole plant feedstocks can be efficiently delignified using the laccase-mediator system

This study was funded by the KBBE-3-244362 EU-project and the AGL2008-00709, AGL2011-25379 and BIO2011-26694 Spanish projects. Dr. Jorge Rencoret thanks the CSIC for a JAE-DOC contract of the program “Junta para la Ampliacion de Estudios” co-financed by Fondo Social Europeo (FSE).
Orticochea flap for a massive scalp defect closure in a pediatric patient: literature review and case report

Scalp defects are still challenging to the surgeon because of the poor elasticity of the soft tissue overlying the calvarium. Defect size, location, and skin characteristics rule the reconstructive options available. Orticochea flap is an excellent option for scalp defects reconstruction. We present a case of a pediatric patient with a massive occipital scalp defect following an animal aggression that was successfully reconstructed with an Orticochea modified flap.
Investment and Profitability: The Evidence from the Advanced Capitalist Countries

Book description: A conservative approach to economic growth has dominated policy circles for close to two decades. This approach holds that the key to restoring economic growth lies in reducing the size and role of government in the market economy through deregulation of the financial sector, privatization, and lower taxes. The contributors to this book argue that the principles of ‘trickle down’ economics are of dubious validity, and have led to economic stagnation, high unemployment, and increasing inequality. They develop a new perspective on macroeconomic policy, one affirming that egalitarian and democratic economic structures are not only compatible with economic revival, but in fact offer the best hope for sustainable growth of living standards. Their alternative recognizes that markets have an important role to play, but only within the framework of macroeconomic stability, corrections of market failures, and egalitarian rules of the game.
Requirement Metrics for Risk Identification

The Software Assurance Technology Center (SATC) is part of the Office of Mission Assurance of the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). The SATC's mission is to assist National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) projects to improve the quality of software which they acquire or develop. The SATC's efforts are currently focused on the development and use of metric methodologies and tools that identify and assess risks associated with software performance and scheduled delivery. This starts at the requirements phase, where the SATC, in conjunction with software projects at GSFC and other NASA centers is working to identify tools and metric methodologies to assist project managers in identifying and mitigating risks. This paper discusses requirement metrics currently being used at NASA in a collaborative effort between the SATC and the Quality Assurance Office at GSFC to utilize the information available through the application of requirements management tools.
Downsizing - the specification and new trend of the motor industry on example of 1.4L 125KW/170HP engine of the GOLF GT

Many drivers dream about a car which is fast and, in addition, economical. It is definitely easier to design a fast car. Golf R32 can be a good example. At the first moment nothing can replace engine cubic capacity. A six-cylinder engine easily generates power and torque, however, the more power is needed the higher fuel consumption is. When fuel prices are rising, efficient vehicles are more and more appreciated. The motto is downsizing. Automotive industry realizes this new trend and is pursuing more and more efficient engines of low fuel consumption and higher power. In the first half of the current year the automotive industry received an answer from Volkswagen – an engine of 1.4 l capacity, 170 KM power, consuming only 7.2 l of fuel per 100 km. Using a turbocharger high power would be possible to reach but only a small charger is able to react quickly. However, at full load it is not able to breathe, and the bigger charger the more time and energy is needed to its operation. Double supercharging with the additional use of a mechanical compressor appears to be the only solution.
ANALISIS KELEMBAGAAN PENGENDALIAN HAMA TERPADU MENDUKUNG AGRIBISNIS KOPI RAKYAT DALAM RANGKA OTONOMI DAERAH

Integrated Pest Management Program (IPM) that is strategic operational measure. In the micro farm level, IPM operational measure can be answered both capital problem in the farm level and international commodity coercion on environmental and food safety consumption simultaneously. That paper objective to analysis : (1) historical government policy on IPM related the decentralization of development; (2) performance, constrain, and prospective IPM program in the decentralization era; (3) comparative farming performance IPM cooperator, inter success farms group and least success farms group; (4) factors that affected dissemination and adoption IPM technology; (5) synopsis on IPM sustainable institution in the decentralization era; and (6) to formulate police IPM sustainable development alternative supporting small coffee agribusiness in the decentralization era. Rates of participation of the IPM program participants varied among activities, i.e., planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. Low participation rate was found in planning, that of implementation was high, while that of monitoring and evaluation was low to moderate. Program explanation during the planning stage was not properly carried out. The other weaknesses were management of post harvest, processing, and marketing. After the IPM program average net benefits from coffee bean and additional in-rows plants were to increase, respectively. Economic factors positively affecting IPM technology adoption were: (1) decreasing costs of inputs (fertilizers and pesticides); (2) improving farmers’ income through higher yield and better quality; (3) improving stability and continuity of farmers’ income due longer harvest and productive periods, and the products were sold periodically. In the future, development of IPM program for smallholding coffee plantation is based on the clear vision, namely IPM technology for improving rural people welfare. This vision has to replace the old vision, namely IPM technology is created just to show that the researchers are able to show their ability in developing technology. Therefore, in the future IPM development has to implicate directly to improved competitive economy and rural people welfare.
Low-frequency oscillation in digitally controlled DC-DC Buck converters

The z -domain model of digitally controlled Buck converter is derived by only considering the effect of sampler-and-holder. Based on the z -domain model, the cause of the low-frequency bifurcation is analyzed. The location and type of the bifurcation point when a system loses stability is predicted in terms of the system eigenvalues. Moreover, the frequency and the amplitude of the low-frequency oscillation, i.e., the wave equations, are deduced. These theoretical results are verified by PSpice simulations.
Millimeter Wave and Terahertz Communications： Feasibility and Challenges

In this paper, the challenges with and motivations for developing millimeter wave and terahertz communications are described. A high-level candidate architecture is presented, and use cases highlighting the potential applicability of high-frequency links are discussed. Mobility challenges at these higher frequencies are also discussed. Difficulties that arise as a result of high carrier frequencies and higher path loss can be overcome by practical, higher-gain antennas that have the added benefit of reducing intercell interference. Simulation methodology and results are given. The results show that millimeter wave coverage is possible in large, outdoor spaces, and only a reasonable number of base stations are needed. Network throughput can exceed 25 Gbit/s, and cell-edge user throughput can reach approximately 100 Mbit/s.
A Technological Review on Quantum Ballistic Transport Model Based Silicon Nanowire Field Effect Transistors for Circuit Simulation and Design

Nanowire MOSFETs are recognized as one of the most promising candidates to extend Moore’s law into nanoelectronics era. This paper reviews the process, application, device physics and compact modeling of Gate All around (GAA) nanowire MOSFETs. The most widely used methods of nanowire synthesis have been discussed. The paper presents the various device optimization techniques and scaling potential of nanowire transistors. A process sensitivity study of silicon nanowire transistors at the end of the paper justifies the theory of nanowire FETs to carry forward the downscaling of MOSFETs in the sub-10 nm regime. Keywords: Nanowire, scaling, MOSFET, VLS, nanoelectronics, short channel effects (SCEs), density of states, SiNWFET Cite this Article Chakraverty Mayank, Gupta Kinshuk, Babu Vinay G. et al. A Technological Review on Quantum Ballistic Transport Model Based Silicon Nanowire Field Effect Transistors for Circuit Simulation and Design. Journal of Nanoscience, Nanoengineering and Applications. 2015; 5(2): 20–31p.
Analisi della struttura organizzativa degli erogatori del servizio di assistenza domiciliare

Riassunto. La gestione omogenea del servizio di assistenza domiciliare (Ad) sul territorio nazionale risulta a volte difficile, a causa dell’eterogeneita dei bisogni di cura dei pazienti e dei differenti riferimenti legislativi locali. Queste diversita spingono gli erogatori del servizio di cure domiciliari ad assumere tipologie di organizzazione a volte molto differenti tra loro. E stato sviluppato un modello organizzativo generale per i provider di Ad tramite il formalismo Idef0 (Integration DEFinition language), che ha permesso di descrivere i diversi livelli di attivita gestionaliorganizzative svolte dalle strutture nell’erogazione del servizio. Il modello e stato utilizzato come base di confronto, sia qualitativo che quantitativo, tra le organizzazioni di sei strutture di Ad operanti sul territorio nazionale. I risultati mostrano una elevata eterogeneita nella gestione dei piani assistenziali e nell’organizzazione delle risorse. Le cause di tali diversita possono essere ricondotte a fattori come: legislazione locale, tipologia di pazienti assistiti, ragione sociale e mission della struttura. Parole chiave. Assistenza domiciliare, cure palliative, home care provider, modello Idef0, modello organizzativo.