Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New cosmological mass limit on thermal relic axions

Observations of the cosmological large-scale structure provide well-established neutrino mass limits. We extend this argument to thermal relic axions. We calculate the axion thermal freeze-out temperature and thus their cosmological abundance on the basis of their interaction with pions. For hadronic axions we ﬁnd a new mass limit m a < 1 . 05 eV (95% CL), corresponding to a limit on the axion decay constant of f a > 5 . 7 × 10 6 GeV. For other models this constraint is signiﬁcantly weakened only if the axion-pion coupling is strongly suppressed. For comparison we note that the same approach leads to P m ν < 0 . 65 eV (95% CL) for neutrinos.
Universal crossovers and critical dynamics of quantum phase transitions : A renormalization group study of the pseudogap Kondo problem

The pseudogap Kondo problem, describing a magnetic impurity embedded in an electronic environment with a power-law density of states, displays continuous quantum phase transitions between free and screened moment phases. In this paper we employ renormalization group techniques to analytically calculate universal crossover functions, associated to these transitions, for various observables. Quantitative agreement with the results of Numerical Renormalization Group (NRG) simulations is obtained for temperature-dependent static and zero-temperature dynamic quantities, at and away from criticality. In the notoriously difficult realm of finite-temperature low-frequency dynamics, usually inaccessible to both NRG and perturbative methods, we show that progress can be made by a suitable renormalization procedure in the framework of the Callan-Symanzik equations. Our general strategy can be extended to other zero-temperature phase transitions, both in quantum impurity models and bulk systems. PACS numbers: 75.20. Hr,74.70. -b
Temperature and electron density measurements on laser driven radiative shocks

In this paper, new results on radiative shocks generated by a high power laser in a xenon gas cell are presented. Several shock parameters were measured: temperature, radial expansion and velocity, as well as the electron density in the radiative precursor and its velocity. Multiple laser shot allowed the investigation of physical trends changing initial conditions (laser energy and initial gas pressure). Results are compared with one- and two-dimensional radiative hydrodynamic simulations. The experiments were carried out at the LULI Laboratory.
Rectification of radio frequency current in ferromagnetic nanowire

The authors report the rectification of a constant wave radio frequency (rf) current by using a single-layer magnetic nanowire; a direct-current voltage is resonantly generated when the rf current flows through the nanowire. The mechanism of the rectification is discussed in terms of the spin-torque diode effect reported for magnetic tunnel junction devices, and the rectification is shown to be directly attributable to resonant spin wave excitation by the rf current.
Effect of bulk inversion asymmetry on the Datta-Das transistor

A model of the Datta-Das spin field-effect transistor is presented which, in addition to the Rashba interaction, takes into account the influence of bulk inversion asymmetry of zinc-blende semiconductors. In the presence of bulk inversion asymmetry, the conductance is found to depend significantly on the crystallographic orientation of the channel. We determine the channel direction optimal for the observation of the Datta-Das effect in GaAs- and InAs-based devices.
Preprint Numbers: ANL-PHY-8421-TH-96 KSUCNR-03-96 nucl-th/9605027 Ground-state spectrum of light-quark mesons

A confining, Goldstone theorem preserving, separable Ansatz for the ladder kernel of the two-body Bethe-Salpeter equation is constructed from phenomenologically efficacious u, d and s dressed-quark propagators. The simplicity of the approach is its merit. It provides a good description of the ground-state isovector-pseudoscalar, vector and axial-vector meson spectrum; facilitates an exploration of the relative importance of various components of the two-body Bethe-Salpeter amplitudes, showing that sub-leading Dirac components are quantitatively important in the isovector-pseudoscalar meson channels; and allows a scrutiny of the domain of applicability of ladder truncation studies. A colour-antitriplet diquark spectrum is obtained. Shortcomings of separable Ansätze and the ladder kernel are highlighted. Pacs Numbers: 11.10. St, 14.40. -n, 24.85. +p, 12.40. Yx Typeset using REVTEX
Automated Modeling of Three‐Dimensional Structural Components Using Irregular Lattices

Abstract: Irregular lattices are used to model three‐dimensional (3D) structural components consisting of a bulk material, curvilinear reinforcement, and their interface. Domain discretization is highly automated and involves the semi‐random placement of nodal points within the domain, followed by Voronoi tessellation of the nodal point set. A technique is given for the Voronoi partitioning of nonconvex domains. For discretizing nonconvex domains, and for effective gradation of nodal point density, a minimum allowable distance between nodes is maintained and the domain is saturated with nodes. To accelerate this computationally expensive operation, a partitioned domain search is used during the filling process. Reinforcement, and its interface with the bulk material, are discretely modeled and freely positioned in the domain, irrespective of the geometry of the irregular lattice representing the bulk material. This method of discretization facilitates model construction, results interpretation, and possible revisions to the model. While the focus is on automated domain discretization and the modeling of reinforcement, elastic properties of the model are demonstrated through examples involving nodal stress calculations and deflection analyses of prestressed concrete beams.
Generalized Lanczos algorithm for variational quantum Monte Carlo

We show that the standard Lanczos algorithm can be efficiently implemented statistically and self-consistently improved, using the stochastic reconfiguration method, which has been recently introduced to stabilize the Monte Carlo sign problem instability. With this scheme a few Lanczos steps over a given variational wave function are possible even for large size as a particular case of a more general and more accurate technique that allows to obtain lower variational energies. This method has been tested extensively for a strongly correlated model like the $t\ensuremath{-}J$ model. With the standard Lanczos technique it is possible to compute any kind of correlation functions, with no particular computational effort. By using the fact that the variance $〈{H}^{2}〉\ensuremath{-}〈H{〉}^{2}$ is zero for an exact eigenstate, we show that the approach to the exact solution with few Lanczos iterations is indeed possible even for $\ensuremath{\sim}100$ electrons for reasonably good initial wave functions. The variational stochastic reconfiguration technique presented here allows in general a many-parameter energy optimization of any computable many-body wave function, including for instance generic long-range Jastrow factors and arbitrary site-dependent orbital determinants. This scheme improves further the accuracy of the calculation, especially for long-distance correlation functions.
Charge-inhomogeneity doping relations in Y Ba 2 Cu 3 O y detected by angle-dependent nuclear quadrupole resonance

The origin of charge inhomogeneity in $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{y}$ is investigated using an experimental method designed to determine the nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) asymmetry parameter $\ensuremath{\eta}$ for very wide NQR lines at different positions on the line. The method is based on the measurement of the echo intensity as a function of the angle between the radio frequency field ${\mathbf{H}}_{1}$ and the principal axis of the electric field gradient. Static charge inhomogeneity deduced from $\ensuremath{\eta}g0$ is found in this compound, but only in conjunction with oxygen deficiency. This limits considerably the possible forms of charge inhomogeneity in bulk $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{y}$.
e-Estesia: A Serious Game for Reducing Arousal, Improving Emotional Regulation and Increasing Wellbeing in Individuals with Gambling Disorder

Gambling disorder (GD) is associated with deficits in emotion regulation and impulsivity-related personality traits. In recent years there has been an increase in the use of serious games (SG) to address these factors with positive results. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of the intervention with a new SG (e-Estesia), as an adjunct to a CBT intervention for GD. The sample comprised two groups (experimental group (n = 40) and control group (n = 64)) of patients with GD diagnosis. Both groups received 16 weekly CBT sessions and, concurrently, only the experimental group received 15 additional sessions with e-Estesia. Pre-post treatment with e-Estesia administered in both groups were: DSM-5 Criteria, South Oaks Gambling Screen, Symptom Checklist-Revised and measure of relapses, dropout and compliance of treatment. As regards the experimental group were also administered: Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and Impulsive Behavior Scale. No statistically significant differences in the general psychopathological state, emotion regulation or impulsivity were found when comparing the groups. However, patients enrolled in the e-Estesia intervention had significantly less relapses and better indicators of treatment compliance than the control group. Considering these results, the use of complementary tools such as SG are useful for addressing GD.
Transition probabilities in Au III

Theoretical transition probabilities are reported for doubly ionized gold (Au III). They have been obtained through the use of two different independent theoretical approaches, i.e. the SUPERSTRUCTURE code and a HFR model including valence–valence and core–valence configuration interaction in a detailed way. The new scale of A-values is assessed through the comparison of the two sets of results and also through the use of a model similar to the one selected for an isoelectronic ion, i.e. Pt II, for which accurate laser-induced-fluorescence lifetimes have been measured recently.
Quantum coherence in photo-ionisation with tailored XUV pulses

Ionisation with ultrashort pulses in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) regime can be used to prepare an ion in a superposition of spin–orbit substates. In this work, we study the coherence properties of such a superposition, created by ionising xenon atoms using two phase-locked XUV pulses at different frequencies. In general, if the duration of the driving pulse exceeds the quantum beat period, dephasing will occur. If however, the frequency difference of the two pulses matches the spin–orbit splitting, the coherence can be efficiently increased and dephasing does not occur.
Mixed Optimization Technique for Large-Scale Water-Resource Systems

Dealing with significantly large design problems for water-resource systems a mixed optimization procedure based on network linear programming and the subgradient method will be described. Using a linear problem formulation, the procedure uses network linear programming as a subproblem that assumes the knowledge of design variables. Since inside its domain, the global objective functions is a convex piecewise linear function, a subgradient method is used to obtain the direction of the improvement of design variables at each iteration using the solutions of the network subproblem. The mixed technique permits an efficient evaluation of the design variables in order to reach a good approximation of the global objective function optimum. The solution technique performs well in the purely linear case and, moreover, allows some kinds of nonlinearities in the cost functions of design variables.
U-duality (sub-)groups and their topology

We discuss some consequences of the fact that symmetry groups appearing in compactified (super-)gravity may be non-simply connected. The possibility to add fermions to a theory results in a simple criterion to decide whether a three-dimensional coset sigma model can be interpreted as a dimensional reduction of a higher-dimensional theory. Similar criteria exist for higher-dimensional sigma models, though less decisive. A careful examination of the topology of symmetry groups rules out certain proposals for M-theory symmetries, which are not ruled out at the level of the algebras. We conclude with an observation on the relation between the 'generalized holonomy' proposal, and the actual symmetry groups resulting from E10 and E11 conjectures.
Mathematical theory of the wetting phenomenon in the $2$D Ising model

Keywords: surface free energy ; Gibbs measure ; interface ; wetting phenomenon ; Ising model ; grand canonical ensemble ; surface tension Reference GR-PF-ARTICLE-1996-001View record in Web of Science Record created on 2008-11-27, modified on 2017-05-12
Two-dimensional ice mapping of molecular cores

We present maps of the column densities of H 2 O, CO 2 and CO ices towards the molecular cores B 35A, DC 274.2-00.4, BHR 59 and DC 300.7-01.0. These ice maps, probing spatial distances in molecular cores as low as 2200 au, challenge the traditional hypothesis that the denser the region observed, the more ice is present, providing evidence that the relationships between solid molecular species are more varied than the generic picture we often adopt to model gas–grain chemical processes and explain feedback between solid phase processes and gas phase abundances. We present the first combined solid–gas maps of a single molecular species, based upon observations of both CO ice and gas phase C 18 O towards B 35A, a star-forming dense core in Orion. We conclude that molecular species in the solid phase are powerful tracers of ‘small-scale’ chemical diversity, prior to the onset of star formation. With a component analysis approach, we can probe the solid phase chemistry of a region at a level of detail greater than that provided by statistical analyses or generic conclusions drawn from single pointing line-of-sight observations alone.
Faint blue galaxies as a probe of the X-ray background at high redshift

We present a formalism describing the physical content of cross-correlation functions between a diffuse background and a population of discrete sources. The formalism is used to interpret cross-correlation signals between the unresolved X-ray background and a galaxy population resolved to high redshift in another spectral band. Specifically, we apply it to the so-called faint blue galaxy population and constrain their X-ray emissivity and clustering properties. A model is presented which satisfies the recently measured constraints on all three correlation functions (galaxy/galaxy, background/background and galaxy/background). This model predicts that faint galaxies in the magnitude range B = 18-23 (covering redshifts z less than or equal to 0.5) make up similar to 22 per cent of the X-ray background in the 0.5-2 keV band. At the mean redshift of the galaxy sample, (z) over bar similar to 0.3, the comoving volume emissivity is rho(X) similar to (6-9) x 10(38) h erg s(-1) Mpc(-3). When extrapolated to fainter magnitudes, the faint blue galaxy population can account for most of the residual background at soft X-ray energy. We show how the measurement of the angular and zero-lag crosscorrelation functions between increasingly faint galaxies and the X-ray background can in principle allow us to map the X-ray emissivity as a function of redshift.
Lévy flights as subordination process: first passage times

We obtain the first passage time density for a L\'{e}vy flight random process from a subordination scheme. By this method, we infer the asymptotic behavior directly from the Brownian solution and the Sparre Andersen theorem, avoiding explicit reference to the fractional diffusion equation. Our results corroborate recent findings for Markovian L\'{e}vy flights and generalize to broad waiting times.
Neutrino-nucleon scattering in supernova matter from the virial expansion

We generalize our virial approach to study the neutral current neutrino response of nuclear matter at low densities. In the long-wavelength limit, the virial expansion makes model-independent predictions for neutrino-nucleon scattering rates and the density S_V and spin S_A responses. We find S_A is significantly reduced from one even at low densities. We provide a simple fit S_A^f(n,T,Y_p) of the axial response as a function of density n, temperature T and proton fraction Y_p. This fit reproduces our model independent virial results at low densities and reproduces the Burrows and Sawyer random phase approximation (RPA) results at high densities. Our fit can be incorporated into supernova simulations in a straight forward manner. Preliminary one dimensional supernova simulations suggest that the reduction in the axial response may enhance neutrino heating rates in the gain region during the accretion phase of a core-collapse supernovae.
Scalable slice orchestration with DQN agents in beyond 5G networks

—Beyond 5G systems are envisioned to host widely diverse services, with high Quality of Service requirements, over a common physical network infrastructure. Network slicing enables this vision by providing customized virtual networks on top of the physical one. These can be flexibly managed to fulfill stringent slice-specific service level agreements (SLAs) and ensure the efficient use of network resources, under time-varying resource demands. In this work, we examine the use of Reinforcement Learning (RL) for dynamic slice orchestration over a multi-domain setup, hosting multiple slices with end-to-end SLAs. Tabular RL algorithms can theoretically solve this problem optimally, even when the resource demand dynamics of slices are unknown. However, due to the combinatorial nature of the problem, the state and action complexity of these algorithms is prohibitive for realistic setups. To this end, we employ a Deep Q Network (DQN) to approximate the action-value function and therefore reduce complexity. However, since DQN is not suitable for problems with large action spaces, we propose a multi-agent DQN scheme to decompose the action into smaller components. We finally validate the proposed algorithm using realistic data, and show its scalability as well as the better performance of the derived policies compared to static baseline heuristics.
Fluid overload and mortality in critically ill patients with severe heart failure and cardiogenic shock–An observational cohort study

Objective Patients with heart failure (HF) and cardiogenic shock are especially prone to the negative effects of fluid overload (FO); however, fluid resuscitation in respective patients is sometimes necessary resulting in FO. We aimed to study the association of FO at ICU discharge with 30-day mortality in patients admitted to the ICU due to severe heart failure and/or cardiogenic shock. Methods Retrospective, single-center cohort study. Patients with admission diagnoses of severe HF and/or cardiogenic shock were eligible. The following exclusion criteria were applied: (I) patients younger than 16 years, (II) patients admitted to our intermediate care unit, and (III) patients with incomplete data to determine FO at ICU discharge. We used a cumulative weight-adjusted definition of fluid balance and defined more than 5% as FO. The data were analyzed by univariate and adjusted univariate logistic regression. Results We included 2,158 patients in our analysis. 185 patients (8.6%) were fluid overloaded at ICU discharge. The mean FO in the FO group was 7.2% [interquartile range (IQR) 5.8–10%]. In patients with FO at ICU discharge, 30-day mortality was 22.7% compared to 11.7% in non-FO patients (p < 0.001). In adjusted univariate logistic regression, we did not observe any association of FO at discharge with 30-day mortality [odds ratio (OR) 1.48; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81–2.71, p = 0.2]. No association between FO and 30-day mortality was found in the subgroups with HF only or cardiogenic shock (all p > 0.05). Baseline lactate (adjusted OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.13–1.42; p < 0.001) and cardiac surgery at admission (adjusted OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.0–3.76; p = 0.05) were the main associated factors with FO at ICU discharge. Conclusion In patients admitted to the ICU due to severe HF and/or cardiogenic shock, FO at ICU discharge seems not to be associated with 30-day mortality.
Cellular stress modulates severity of the inflammatory response in lungs via cell surface BiP

Inflammation is a central pathogenic feature of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19. Previous pathologies such as diabetes, autoimmune or cardiovascular diseases become risk factors for the severe hyperinflammatory syndrome. A common feature among these risk factors is the subclinical presence of cellular stress, a finding that has gained attention after the discovery that BiP (GRP78), a master regulator of stress, participates in the SARS-CoV-2 recognition. Here, we show that BiP serum levels are higher in COVID-19 patients who present certain risk factors. Moreover, early during the infection, BiP levels predict severe pneumonia, supporting the use of BiP as a prognosis biomarker. Using a mouse model of pulmonary inflammation, we observed increased levels of cell surface BiP (cs-BiP) in leukocytes during inflammation. This corresponds with a higher number of neutrophiles, which show naturally high levels of cs-BiP, whereas alveolar macrophages show a higher than usual exposure of BiP in their cell surface. The modulation of cellular stress with the use of a clinically approved drug, 4-PBA, resulted in the amelioration of the lung hyperinflammatory response, supporting the anti-stress therapy as a valid therapeutic strategy for patients developing ARDS. Finally, we identified stress-modulated proteins that shed light into the mechanism underlying the cellular stress-inflammation network in lungs.
Alterations of presynaptic proteins in autism spectrum disorder

The expanded use of hypothesis-free gene analysis methods in autism research has significantly increased the number of genetic risk factors associated with the pathogenesis of autism. A further examination of the implicated genes directly revealed the involvement in processes pertinent to neuronal differentiation, development, and function, with a predominant contribution from the regulators of synaptic function. Despite the importance of presynaptic function in synaptic transmission, the regulation of neuronal network activity, and the final behavioral output, there is a relative lack of understanding of the presynaptic contribution to the pathology of autism. Here, we will review the close association among autism-related mutations, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) phenotypes, and the altered presynaptic protein functions through a systematic examination of the presynaptic risk genes relating to the critical stages of synaptogenesis and neurotransmission.