Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting Risk Factors of Lower Extremity Injuries in Elite Women’s Football: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This study identified and analyzed the risk factors of lower extremity injuries (LEI) in elite women football players to improve career and health outcomes. To address this aim, a systematic review and meta-analysis methodology was used. In total, four relevant research articles were identified through database searching and screening using the PRISMA flow diagram. From these articles, eight predictors were identified that influence the risk of LEI among elite women football players: higher body mass index (OR 1.51, 95% CI); previous knee injury (OR 3.57, 95% CI); low normalized knee separation (≤10th percentile) (RR 1.92, 95% CI); all previous injury (previous ACL tear: OR 5.24, 95% CI; ankle sprain: 1.39, 95% CI; knee sprain: 1.50, 95% CI); and previous injury in the lower body (OR 2.97, 95% CI). Meanwhile, lower knee valgus angle in a drop-jump landing (OR 0.64, 95% CI) was found to decrease the risk of LEI among elite women football players.
The Study of 2D:4D Ratio and Facial Asymmetry Using Eye-Mouth-Eye Angle among the Student of College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University Dutse

Deviations of physical characteristics from bilateral symmetry, in otherwise symmetric individuals, are supposed to result from environmental perturbations during development. One cause of such perturbations may be sex steroids such as testosterone and oestrogen. The study examined the relationship between second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), a putative negative correlate with prenatal testosterone and a positive correlate with prenatal estrogen, and asymmetry. The hand of the participants was place on a flat surface with the palm facing upward fore arm in line with the middle finger. Finger should be extended maximally and dose to each other measurement technique was followed for measuring 2D:4D digit length which can be define as a distance between the proximal flexion crease of the digit length was measured in centimeters. Table 1 shows descriptive analysis of 2D and 4D right and left distance. The minimum and maximum ages are 18 and 35 years respectively. The mean of 2D:4D right length was 0.98 ± 0.015 and the mean of 2D:4D left length 0.97 ± 0.022 this shows there is higher mean value in right 2D:4D length. Our data show that both low 2D:4D (a marker of high prenatal testosterone) and high 2D:4D (a marker of high prenatal estrogen) are associated with elevated levels of asymmetry and this relationship applies particularly to finger asymmetry. Keywords: 2D:4D ratio, facial asymmetry, eye-mouth-eye angle, students
Giving to Governors: State Contribution Limits and the Incumbency Advantage

Consistent with elections throughout the United States, the majority of contributions in gubernatorial campaigns come from individuals. Understanding the incentives for why individual donors give money in varying political environments is essential for understanding the influence of political donors. Using contribution data from 2009 through 2015, this paper considers whether state campaign finance reform has had unintended effects for how incumbent and non-incumbent candidates raise money. This study demonstrates that individual donations vary in theoretically driven ways. Few factors, however, affect donor generosity more than the relationship between a candidate’s in-cumbency status and the severity of state contribution laws. Consistent with Jacobson’s early concerns, restrictive contribution laws appear to strengthen the position of incumbents and place non-incumbent candidates at a disadvantage. Where states apply less restrictive limits, however, the advantage held by incumbents among donors largely disappears.
Detecting Abrupt Channel Changes for IRS-Assisted MIMO Communication

This letter aims to detect abrupt changes in the base station to intelligent reflecting surface (BS-IRS) channel for IRS-assisted communications. Specifically, we first propose a centralized channel change detector, where the BS enables a fusion change detection based on the log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) obtained from all the user equipments. Next, to curtail the feedback overhead, we propose a decentralized channel change detector, where each UE independently detects channel changes and conveys a 1-bit outcome signal to the BS enabling a change detection. Numerical results validate that the proposed change detectors can promptly detect the change with low false alarm rate.
Tourism: Concepts and Practices

PART I: THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM 1. Tourism Introduction, Past and Present Tourism 2. Motivation for Leisure Travel 3. Tourism Marketing 4. Tourism Economics PART II: ORGANIZING TOURISM 5. Tourism Organizations and Policy 6. Tourism Planning and Sustainable Development 7. Tourism Research PART III: OPERATING SECTORS 1 8. Attractions and Entertainment 9. Conventions, meetings and Expositions PART IV: SOCIAL, CULTURAL, HERITAGE AND ECOTOURISM 10. Tourism Sociology 11. Cultural and Heritage Tourism 12. Ecotourism PART V: OPERATING SECTIONS 2 13. Distribution Organizations 14. Transportation 15. Lodging and Restaurants 16. Tourism in the Future
Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among patients with heart failure at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital

Background and Aims: Anemia is a frequently encountered comorbid illness in heart failure and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. There are limited studies done in Nepal to evaluate its prevalence among patients diagnosed with heart failure. Hence, this study was aimed to find out the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among patients with heart failure at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital. Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted from 1st July 2022 to 30 February 2023 among consecutively selected 100 patients at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital. Socio-demography, clinical features and laboratory parameters to evaluate anemia were obtained. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of institute. Collected data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23. Frequency, mean, percentage were calculated and chi square test at 0.05% level of significance was used to find the association. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 65%. Out of 100 patients, majority had iron deficiency anemia (40%), followed by anemia of chronic disease (10%). Thirty three percent had iron deficiency without anemia. Female patients 36(75%) and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 15(93.8%) had significantly higher prevalence of anemia (p value <0.05). Conclusions: Nearly two third of heart failure patients had anemia among which iron deficiency anemia was the commonest. Female and patients with COPD had higher prevalence of anemia.
Effect of Radiation Therapy on Composition of Lymphocyte Populations in Patients with Primary Breast Cancer

Background: Radiation therapy (RT) is an important step in the treatment of primary breast cancer as it is one of the leading contributors to cancer incidence among women. Most patients with this disease acquire radiation-induced lymphopenia in the early post-radiation period; however, little is known about the effect of RT on the composition of lymphocyte populations in such patients. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of adjuvant remote RT—performed in the classical mode for patients with primary breast cancer—on the main components of cell-mediated immunity (major lymphocyte populations), including those in patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods: Between 2020 and 2022, 96 patients with stage I–III breast cancer were included in this study. All patients in the final stage of complex treatment received RT via a 3D conformal technique (3DCRT). The clinical target volume of this RT included the breast or chest wall and locoregional lymphatics. Flow cytometry was used to assess the levels and phenotypes of circulating lymphocytes before and after RT (no more than 7 days before and after RT). The evaluation of the impact of polychemotherapy (PCT) was conducted to determine whether it was a risk factor for the onset of radio-induced lymphopenia (RIL) in the context of RT. Results: When assessing the immune status in the general group of patients (n = 96), before the start of adjuvant external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), the average number of lymphocytes was 1.68 ± 0.064 × 109/L; after the course of adjuvant EBRT, it decreased to 1.01 ± 0.044 × 109/L (p < 0.001). When assessing the absolute indicators of cellular immunity in the general group of patients with BC after a course of adjuvant EBRT, significant dynamics were revealed by the changes in all cell populations of lymphocytes (paired t-test, p < 0.05). Conclusion: The adaptive immune system in breast cancer patients changed in the early post-radiation period. The absolute levels of B-, T- and natural killer cells significantly reduced after RT regardless of whether the patients previously underwent chemotherapy courses. RT for patients with primary breast cancer should be considered in clinical management because it significantly alters lymphocyte levels and should be considered when assessing antitumor immunity, as significant changes in T-cell immunity have been observed. In addition, the identified changes are critical if specific targeted therapy or immunotherapy is needed.
avidaR: an R library to perform complex queries on an ontology-based database of digital organisms

Digital evolution is a branch of artificial life in which self-replicating computer programs—digital organisms—mutate and evolve within a user-defined computational environment. In spite of its value in biology, we still lack an up-to-date and comprehensive database on digital organisms resulting from evolution experiments. Therefore, we have developed an ontology-based semantic database—avidaDB—and an R package—avidaR—that provides users of the R programming language with an easy-to-use tool for performing complex queries without specific knowledge of SPARQL or RDF. avidaR can be used to do research on robustness, evolvability, complexity, phenotypic plasticity, gene regulatory networks, and genomic architecture by retrieving the genomes, phenotypes, and transcriptomes of more than a million digital organisms available on avidaDB. avidaR is already accepted on CRAN (i.e., a comprehensive collection of R packages contributed by the R community) and will make biologists better equipped to embrace the field of digital evolution.
Clustering Documents with Active Learning Using Wikipedia

Wikipedia has been applied as a background knowledge base to various text mining problems, but very few attempts have been made to utilize it for document clustering. In this paper we propose to exploit the semantic knowledge in Wikipedia for clustering, enabling the automatic grouping of documents with similar themes. Although clustering is intrinsically unsupervised, recent research has shown that incorporating supervision improves clustering performance, even when limited supervision is provided. The approach presented in this paper applies supervision using active learning. We first utilize Wikipedia to create a concept-based representation of a text document, with each concept associated to a Wikipedia article. We then exploit the semantic relatedness between Wikipedia concepts to find pair-wise instance-level constraints for supervised clustering, guiding clustering towards the direction indicated by the constraints. We test our approach on three standard text document datasets. Empirical results show that our basic document representation strategy yields comparable performance to previous attempts; and adding constraints improves clustering performance further by up to 20%.
From production to consumption : transformation of rural communities

Up to a few decades ago, the anthropology of tourism was regarded as a way to become involved in effortless research in pleasant settings. Moreover, tourism was portrayed as a sinister carrier of Westernization, thus as a menace to the subaltern societies that had to endure it. Nowadays, anthropological studies on tourism have established their own legitimacy due to the considerable socioeconomic significance of tourism in this age of hectic global mobility. This book points to new and important research perspectives showing the impact of tourism on the rural world. The articles presented in this collection are a major and groundbreaking contribution to the analysis of the new rurality in global society. (Series: Freiburger Sozialanthropologische Studien/Freiburg Studies in Social Anthropology - Vol. 35)
Improving Disturbance Rejection Performance of EID-Based Control by Employing PLTD

This paper proposes an improved equivalent-input-disturbance (IEID) approach to further suppress the exogenous disturbances. A predictor linear tracking differentiator (PLTD) is suggested as a replacement for the first-order low-pass filter in the traditional EID method and constructs the IEID approach. The controller based on the IEID approach includes a PLTD, a Luenberger state observer, the internal model of the input signal and the state feedback gain. The PLTD can be easily designed by adjusting the damping ratio to change the resonance peak and superimposing a differential unit to compensate for the phase loss; the frequency domain properties of the PLTD explain why the IEID estimator has better disturbance-rejection performance than the conventional EID approach. The closed system can be divided into two subsystems for design and stability analysis. The state feedback gain can be obtained using the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control method; the state observer gains are achieved by the perfect regulation method; and the stability of the system is analyzed according to the small-gain theorem. The simulation results of a rotational control system show the validity of the proposed method and superiority over the conventional EID approach, a high-order EID (HEID) approach, the DOB method and the ADRC method.
Different Effects of Single-leg Stance Exercise and Bridging Exercise with Core Stability Exercise on Older Adults Balance

PURPOSE: Older adults experience a degenerative process that causes several health problems such as an increased risk of falling due to poor balance. However, to reduce the risk of falling exercise is used as an early intervention. The study aimed to understand the differences in the effect of single-leg stance exercises and bridging exercises with core stability exercises on increasing balance in older adults.METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Salus Medica Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic using a sample of 30 individuals divided into two groups. The interventions were conducted twice weekly for one month. The evaluation included first, middle, and final evaluations using the Berg Balance Scale. Moreover, the statistical test was used to determine the effect of intergroup administration on increasing the balance of older adults, whereas the independent t-test was used to determine the effects of intergroup administration on increasing balance among older adults.RESULTS: The results of the repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed that the p-value assumed sphericity in both groups (p=.000), which implies that the two groups improved the balance of the older adults. The independent t-test identified that the p-value equal variances were assumed (p=.572), which indicated no difference in the effect between the two groups in increasing the balance of older adults.CONCLUSIONS: No significant difference between single-leg stance exercises with core stability exercises and bridging exercises with core stability exercises in improving balance among older adults was observed.
Exposure of Rats to Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Correlation of Inhalation Exposure to Lung Burden, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Findings, and Lung Morphology

To evaluate lung toxicity due to inhalation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in rats, we developed a unique MWCNT aerosol generator based on dry aerosolization using the aerodynamic cyclone principle. Rats were exposed to MWNT-7 (also known as Mutsui-7 and MWCNT-7) aerosolized using this device. We report here an analysis of previously published data and additional unpublished data obtained in 1-day, 2-week, 13-week, and 2-year inhalation exposure studies. In one-day studies, it was found that approximately 50% of the deposited MWNT-7 fibers were cleared the day after the end of exposure, but that clearance of the remaining fibers was markedly reduced. This is in agreement with the premise that the rapidly cleared fibers were deposited in the ciliated airways while the slowly cleared fibers were deposited beyond the ciliated airways in the respiratory zone. Macrophage clearance of MWNT-7 fibers from the alveoli was limited. Instead of macrophage clearance from the alveoli, containment of MWNT-7 fibers within induced granulomatous lesions was observed. The earliest changes indicative of pulmonary toxicity were seen in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Macrophage-associated inflammation persisted from the one-day exposure to MWNT-7 to the end of the two-year exposure period. Correlation of lung tumor development with MWNT-7 lung burden required incorporating the concept of area under the curve for the duration of the study; the development of lung tumors induced by MWNT-7 correlated with lung burden and the duration of MWNT-7 residence in the lung.
One alternative health device! A methodological proposal to analyze research projects’ orientation towards national health problems

ABSTRACT In this paper, we present a device to generate assessment tools for research projects oriented to collaborate with national health problems. We made use of the Stokes’ model (1997) for knowledge production as an analytical framework that shows the interaction between two dimensions: the consideration of use and the search of fundamental knowledge. We made an explicit effort to incorporate the social participation in science as a complementary dimension to scientific knowledge production, to generate a device based on the Stokes’ model. When operationalizing it, we presented a set of orienting scales that are useful when dealing with the complex task of generating research projects’ assessment tools. We conclude that methodological proposals for research evaluation are much needed and that devices like this should be taken as a part of human decision-making processes, not as a substitute for them.
Il Problema dell'eutrofizzazione dei laghi: la situazione trofica degli invasi della Sardegna

The general problem of lake eutrophication is presented. The trophic situation of Sardinia man made lakes is also shown. Among 25 of 38 reservoirs located in Sardinia 4 are oligotrophic, 4 mesotrophic and 17 eutrophic. It is pointed out the need of monitoring the trophic status of all reservoirs and the need of eutrophication control because of drinking utilization of lake waters.
THE EFFECT OF POLITICAL CONNECTIONS, FINANCIAL STABILITY, SUPERVISORY EFFECTIVENESS AND AUDITOR TURNOVER ON TAX AGGRESSIVENESS

Abstract This research is aimed to provide empirical evidence about relationship between political connection, financial stability, effective monitoring and change in auditor on tax aggressiveness. Using purposive sampling, this research selects manufacturing companies that are listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) in the period 2018-2020 as samples. Selected company data amounted to 86, so the total observation in this research are 258 firm-years. The data examination in this research uses multiple regression with dated panel. The results of this research indicate that political connection and effective monitoring have a significant negative effect on tax aggressiveness. Meanwhile, financial stability have a significant positive effect on tax aggressiveness. Change in auditor has no significant effect on tax aggressiveness. These results mean that change in auditor conducted by the company can not detect tax aggressiveness. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan bukti empiris terkait hubungan antara koneksi politik, stabilitas keuangan, efektivitas pengawasan, dan pergantian auditor terhadap agresivitas pajak. Dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling, penelitian ini memilih perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) pada periode 2018-2020 sebagai sampel. Data perusahaan terpilih berjumlah 82, sehingga total pengamatan dalam penelitian ini adalah 258 perusahaan. Metode pengujian dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi berganda dengan data panel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa koneksi politik dan efektivitas pengawasan memiliki dampak negatif yang signifikan terhadap agresivitas pajak. Sementara itu, stabilitas keuangan memiliki dampak positif signifikan terhadap agresivitas pajak. Pergantian auditor tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap agresivitas pajak. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa pergantian auditor yang dilakukan perusahaan tidak dapat mendeteksi agresivitas pajak yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan.
A Secure Aggregate Authentication Scheme With Efficient Revocation for IoT-Based Primary Healthcare Service

With the rapid development of wireless sensors, their extensive use in the medical industry has significantly improved the efficiency of medical care. To ensure the security and efficiency of sending information between doctors and patients in the context of Internet of Things-based primary healthcare service, a number of researchers have proposed solutions. However, two problems remain to be solved. First, most schemes allowing aggregate signature are vulnerable to forgery attacks. Second, the revocation solutions may not prevent damage from the signed message of an invalid user. In this article, secure aggregation techniques and an efficient revocation tool are proposed for elliptic curve-based certificateless signature scheme. By using secure aggregate authentication, two more types of aggregation attacks are considered. Complete revocation and synchronization of revocation list are presented as two new indicators of efficient revocation. In terms of both, our scheme achieves satisfactory results by pruning the modular exponentiation of the RSA accumulator. Besides, this scheme not only ensures data integrity, user anonymity, and traceability of malicious users in authentication. By comparison with other schemes, our scheme not only outperforms others in terms of efficiency but also can withstand more attacks in terms of security