Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning to Control and Coordinate Hybrid Traffic Through Robot Vehicles at Complex and Unsignalized Intersections

Intersections are essential road infrastructures for trafﬁc in modern metropolises; however, they can also be the bottleneck of trafﬁc ﬂows due to trafﬁc incidents or the absence of trafﬁc coordination mechanisms such as trafﬁc lights. Thus, various control and coordination mechanisms that are beyond traditional control methods have been proposed to improve the efﬁciency of intersection trafﬁc. Amongst these methods, the control of fore-seeable hybrid trafﬁc that consists of human-driven vehicles (HVs) and robot vehicles (RVs) has recently emerged. We propose a decentralized reinforcement learning approach for the control and coordination of hybrid trafﬁc at real-world, complex intersections–a topic that has not been previously explored. Comprehensive experiments are conducted to show the effectiveness of our approach. In particular, we show that using 5% RVs, we can prevent congestion formation inside the intersection under the actual trafﬁc demand of 700 vehicles per hour. In contrast, without RVs, congestion starts to develop when the trafﬁc demand reaches as low as 200 vehicles per hour. Further performance gains (reduced waiting time of vehicles at the intersection) are obtained as the RV penetration rate increases. When there exist more than 50% RVs in trafﬁc, our method starts to outperform trafﬁc signals on the average waiting time of all vehicles at the intersection. Our method is also robust against both blackout events and sudden RV percentage drops, and enjoys excellent generalizablility, which is illustrated by its successful deployment in two unseen intersections.
Emergence of Non Albicans Candida in a Tertiary Care Hospital , Uttarakhand

The incidence of Candida infection is increasing globally. The normal microbial flora of human being give rise to life threatening endogenous infections in immunocompromised patients and also associated with the hospital acquired infection. Due to the advancement in the medical field and overuse of broad spectrum antibiotics, non albicans Candida (NAC) became the chief pathogenic organism over Candida albicans. The aim of the present study was to encounter different species of NAC and their antifungal susceptibility. Hundred and eighty different clinical isolates of Candida species were subjected to identification and antifungal test in a tertiary care hospital. The standard conventional yeast identification system was followed. NAC found higher in number over Candida albicans. C. tropicalis which showed predominance among NAC and also have shown highest resistance against azole group of drugs. Although C. albicans and other Candia species are normal microbiota of skin and mucous membrane but colonization of these organisms may lead to life threatening infections in hospitalized or critical care patients. It is therefore suggested that routine culture system need to be put for identification along with antifungal susceptibility test for yeast as well.
Predicting NBA Game Outcomes with Hidden Markov Models

With the large amounts of recorded data and the recent emergence of advanced statistics, decision making in the NBA has become more data-driven than ever. Despite the plethora of available data, NBA analysts rely on rudimentary ranking systems to predict team performance, failing to leverage powerful statistical estimation methods. In this project, I rely on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) to model the progression of wins and losses over time, using advanced statistics from NBA game data as features. This approach is able to reasonably model game outcomes in an unsupervised, achieving a prediction accuracy of 73%. The HMM also shows an improvement of 13% over its non-temporal counterpart, the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), validating the notion that winning streaks and losing streaks affect the outcome of future games. As advanced statistics also show promising results with supervised methods, I used posterior probabilities from a logistic regression model to project each team’s win total for the current NBA season.
Variation of major cations against salinity in the Yangtze River estuary

Surface and bottom water samples in the Yangtze River estuary were collected in the summer of 2001, following estuarine mixing procedure Major ions Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+ and K+ are determined The results show that pollution has little influence on pH situation in the Yangtze River estuary. Concentrations of major ions in mixing zone increase with salinity and the ratio of dissolved Ca/Mg decrease Change in major ions in the Yangtze River estuary can be simulated by a linear mixing model between riverine and sea waters There is no obvious difference between surface and bottom waters in major ion compositions
ATINER ' s Conference Paper Series EDU 2012-0358

The research reported in this article aimed to evaluate the relevance of input obtained through out-of-class involvement in computer-mediated communication (CMC) by Polish teenage learners of English for the development of their competence in English. The study participants were 209 Polish high school learners who, for the purpose of data analysis, were divided into two groups: heavy Internet users (N=145) and moderate Internet users (N=64). The questionnaire findings revealed high intensity of out-of-class Internet use and contact with English through CMC. The test results pointed to numerous beneficial effects which may be attributed to CMC engagement: higher comprehension rates of typical CMC forms declared by heavy Internet users, their greater sensitivity and openness to non-standard linguistic forms frequently found in CMC, and the knowledge or recognition of CMC abbreviations. Although the data allow no generalizations concerning the influence of CMC on second language acquisition, they provide an interesting insight into the relevance of CMC input for teenage learners of English as a foreign language. Contact Information of Corresponding author: ATINER CONFERENCE PAPER SERIES No: EDU2012-0358
Submission PDF Mapping Cortical Brain Asymmetry in 17 , 141 Healthy Individuals Worldwide via the ENIGMA Consortium

Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on King's Research Portal is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Post-Print version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections.
Social determinants of mental health

Abstract A person's mental health and many common mental disorders are shaped by various social, economic, and physical environments operating at different stages of life. Risk factors for many common mental disorders are heavily associated with social inequalities, whereby the greater the inequality the higher the inequality in risk. The poor and disadvantaged suffer disproportionately, but those in the middle of the social gradient are also affected. It is of major importance that action is taken to improve the conditions of everyday life, beginning before birth and progressing into early childhood, older childhood and adolescence, during family building and working ages, and through to older age. Action throughout these life stages would provide opportunities for both improving population mental health, and for reducing risk of those mental disorders that are associated with social inequalities. As mental disorders are fundamentally linked to a number of other physical health conditions, these actions would also reduce inequalities in physical health and improve health overall. Action needs to be universal: across the whole of society and proportionate to need. Policy-making at all levels of governance and across sectors can make a positive difference.
Aspectual Composition in Idioms

Idiomatic utterances contribute by virtue of their aspectual class to the temporal structure of discourse – hence it is essential that theories of aspect derivation and discourse structure should encompass them. A recent claim has been made (McGinnis 2002) that the aspectual class of idiomatic expressions can be derived compositionally, by the same process as in literal language. We examine this claim carefully, and show that while aspect may in principle be derived compositionally at least in one class of idioms, Nunberg, Sag and Wasow’s ‘idiomatically combining expressions’, this does not mean that an expression will necessarily have the same aspectual class on both an idiomatic and a literal interpretation. We present examples of expressions where aspect differs between these interpretations, and we explain this in terms of the differing inputs to the process of aspectual composition in the idiomatic and literal cases. By employing a notion of aspectual composition which includes thematic relations (Krifka 1992), and allowing for the fact that the thematic relations in question may differ between the idiomatic and the literal interpretations of a given expression, we can explain the mismatch between aspectual class in the idiomatic and literal interpretations, while maintaining that the broad process of aspectual composition is the same in both cases. Certain idioms, however those identified by Nunberg, Sag and Wasow as ‘idiomatic phrases’ – may best be regarded not as undergoing aspectual composition but as being listed as phrases in the lexicon with their aspectual information attached.
Externally Valid Policy Evaluation Combining Trial and Observational Data

Randomized trials are widely considered as the gold standard for evaluating the effects of decision policies. Trial data is, however, drawn from a population which may differ from the intended target population and this raises a problem of external validity (aka. generalizability). In this paper we seek to use trial data to draw valid inferences about the outcome of a policy on the target population. Additional covariate data from the target population is used to model the sampling of individuals in the trial study. We develop a method that yields certifiably valid trial-based policy evaluations under any specified range of model miscalibrations. The method is nonparametric and the validity is assured even with finite samples. The certified policy evaluations are illustrated using both simulated and real data.
NATURALLY IRON-RICH GROUNDWATER IN SOUTH-EASTERN ESTONIA: PROBLEM RELATED TO THE FULFILLING THE DRINKING WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS

Groundwater abstracted from the sandand siltstones of the Middle Devonian (D2) aquifer system is the main source of drinking water in southern Estonia. Naturally high iron (Fe) concentrations are the greatest problem in this region, complicating to fulfil the EU requirements concerning the drinking water quality. The content of Fetot exceeds the limit value of 0.2 mg/l set to the drinking water (98/83/EC) in 80% of the analyses. In places the Fetot concentrations up to 26 mg/l have been detected. High Fetot concentrations are mainly caused by high Fe contents in groundwater, referring to the domination of reducing conditions in aquifer system. In order to produce high-quality drinking water 4 different water treatment systems were used in 9 studied water treatment plants. Filter materials such as Manganese Greensand, Nevtraco and quartz sand were combined with aeration. The results of the study show that Fetot content in abstracted groundwater (0.12-3.60 mg/l) was reduced to the level of 0.02-0.34 mg/l during the purification process. The systems with pre-aeration remove iron effectively, thus while the oxygen-poor conditions prevail in the D2 aquifer system, pre-aeration is needed in order to increase the effectiveness of the purification process.
Flow Resistance and Associated Sedimentary Processes in a Spartina maritima Salt-Marsh

Abstract The vertical accretion of salt marshes is mainly due to flow reduction and wave damping by vegetation. However, the details of the hydrodynamics are only partially understood, and have been studied mainly in the laboratory. This study presents detailed field investigations of the water flow in a Spartina maritima salt-marsh in the Ria Formosa, a shallow, meso-tidal lagoon in Southern Portugal. Detailed velocity profiles were obtained within and above the 30 cm high canopy using a high-precision velocimeter. Results show that the influence of the bottom becomes negligible a few centimetres above the bed, and that the flow depends on the vegetation density at each level of the canopy. When the canopy is partially emergent or is only slightly submerged, the upward increase of horizontal velocity is roughly linear. A more drastic flow reduction exists when the canopy is well submerged, with a slow, nearly constant velocity in the denser part of the canopy and a faster, logarithmic shaped velocity profile above. This dampening effect of the vegetation is expected to promote sedimentation. However, the short-term sedimentation rate obtained with sediment traps during fair-weather conditions is usually lower in the Spartina marsh than in the surrounding areas. Therefore, the effect of the Spartina canopy for sediment accumulation seems to be more that of erosion protection during storms than of sedimentation enhancement during normal conditions. Using these results, a simple conceptual model is proposed for the sedimentary processes taking place in the intertidal areas of the studied lagoon.
PROXIMATE ANALYSIS AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF POTENTIAL MINOR FRUITS OF WESTERN GHATS OF INDIA

A study on fifteen minor fruits belonging to eleven families was undertaken. The fruits were harvested from different geographic locations of Western Ghats, viz., Uttar Kannada, Dharwad and Ooty. Ethnobotanically, various parts of these plants are utilized for treatment of wide array of health disorders such as jaundice, diabetes and dysentery. Fruits were screened for their proximate composition and mineral content. Further the relationship and variation between different attributes analyzed was investigated using two different statistical approaches such as principal component analysis and agglomerative hierarchical clustering. Phenological characters among the studied fruits varied greatly indicating that the fruits occur at different seasons of a year. In the present study, proximate and mineral composition analysis of the fruits indicated that these minor fruits are rich source of nutrients and minerals. Study indicated that fruits such as Carissa spinarum, Opuntia dillenii, Flacourtia indica, Syzygium caryophyllatum, Ixora coccinea, Buchanania cochinchinensis and Phoenix sylvestris contained adequate quantity of nutrients. PCA analysis revealed variability of 53.97% as contributed by the first two components. Cluster analysis classified the fruits into four major groups. Therefore, these underutilized fruits act as potential source of essential nutrients and minerals to the rural communities and can find application in the nutraceutical and food industries.
Morpho-tectonic and sedimentary processes of Pakistani Makran accretionary prism

The Makran accretionary prism is located in the Northwestern part of the Indian ocean, in South of Iran and Pakistan (fig 1.). It results of the subduction of the Indian plate under Eurasian plate since the late Cretaceous (White, 1982; Harms et al., 1982; Platt et al., 1985). Following the CHAMAK data acquisition cruise, along the Pakistani active margin (fig.1), several studies have been undertaken as parts of an integral project in the aim of understanding the functioning of the Makran accretionary prism. Among all the activities, the analysis of gas samples end cores, the treatment and interpretation of multichannel seismic-reflection lines, 3;5 kHz profiles and the morphotectonic analysis of multibeam bathymetry data represent the main lines of investigation. The purpose of this poster is to present a preliminary interpretation of certain seismic lines and results (also preliminar) from the analysis of echo-sounder data.
Seasonality in planktic foraminifera of the central California coastalupwelling region

Abstract. The close association between planktic foraminiferal assemblages and local hydrography make foraminifera invaluable proxies for environmental conditions. Modern foraminiferal seasonality is important for interpreting fossil distributions and shell geochemistry as paleoclimate proxies. Understanding this seasonality in an active upwelling area is also critical for anticipating which species may be vulnerable to future changes in upwelling intensity and ocean acidification. Two years (2012–2014) of plankton tows, along with conductivity–temperature–depth profiles and carbonate chemistry measurements taken along the north-central California shelf, offer new insights into the seasonal dynamics of planktic foraminifera in a seasonal coastal upwelling regime. This study finds an upwelling affinity for Neogloboquadrina pachyderma as well as a seasonal and upwelling associated alternation between dominance of N. pachyderma and Neogloboquadrina incompta, consistent with previous observations. Globigerina bulloides, however, shows a strong affinity for non-upwelled waters, in contrast to findings in Southern California where the species is often associated with upwelling. We also find an apparent lunar periodicity in the abundances of all species and document the presence of foraminifera even at very low saturation states of calcite.
DEPENDENCE of MICROSTRUCTURE and MECHANICAL PROPERTIES on HEAT TREAT CYCLES of ELECTRON BEAM MELTED Ti-6 Al-4

The EBM Ti-6Al-4V alloy has generally superior mechanical properties, owing to finely spaced α−β laths which give a good combination of strength and ductility. The grain structures in the as-printed structures are long columnar which can give rise to anisotropic mechanical properties. Moreover the non-uniformity in microstructure can also arise from part geometry where the thin features have propensity to form martensite phase. Heat treatment provides a viable solution to modify the microstructure and to tailor to the properties as desired. A wide range of heat treatment experiments were performed, followed by microstructure and tensile property analyses. It was observed that the microstructure and the tensile properties significantly changed depending on the heat treat cycle performed. Tensile properties of solution treated aircool plus aged samples yielded globular equiaxed grains with fine α−β lath structure, which were found to be the best among the different heat treated samples and better than ASTM F1472 specifications.
The Impact of Foreign Interest Rates on the Economy : The Role of the Exchange Rate Regime ¤

It is often argued that small economies are affected by conditions in large countries. This paper explores the connection between interest rates in major industrial countries and annual real output growth in other countries. The results show that high large-country interest rates have a contractionary effect on annual real GDP growth in the domestic economy, but that this effect is centered on countries with fixed exchange rates. The paper then examines the potential channels through which large-country interest rates affect small economies. The direct monetary policy channel is the most likely channel when compared with other possibilities, such as a general capital market effect or a trade effect. JEL classifications: F3; F4 ∗We thank Andrew Bernard, Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas, Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti, Romain Rancière, Alessandro Rebucci, Tiago Ribeiro, Andrew Rose, and seminar participants at the IMF, Dartmouth College, the Federal Reserve System’s Board of Governors, and the NBER Monetary Economics Summer Institute for comments. All remaining errors are the responsibility of the authors. We would also like to thank Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti for sharing data on capital controls and capital flows and Carmen Reinhart and Menzie Chinn for making their data available on their websites. We also thank Justin McCrary, Maury Obstfeld, David Romer, and Till von Wachter for very useful conversations. Part of this research was conducted while Jay Shambaugh was a Visiting Scholar at the IMF and a Visiting Fellow at the Institute for International Integration Studies at Trinity College Dublin. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the International Monetary Fund, its Executive Board, or its management.
Luminosity determination in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the

Measurements of luminosity obtained using the ATLAS detector during early running of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at √ s = 7 TeV are presented. The luminosity is independently determined using several detectors and multiple algorithms, each having different acceptances, systematic uncertainties and sensitivity to background. The ratios of the luminosities obtained from these methods are monitored as a function of time and of μ , the average number of inelastic interactions per bunch crossing. Residual time- and μ -dependence between the methods is less than 2% for 0 < μ < 2 . 5. Absolute luminosity calibrations, performed using beam separation scans, have a common systematic uncertainty of ± 11%, dominated by the measurement of the LHC beam currents. After calibration, the luminosities obtained from the different methods differ by at most ± 2%. The visible cross sections measured using the beam scans are compared to predictions obtained with the PYTHIA and PHOJET event generators and the ATLAS detector simulation.
Weekend battle: an entertainment system for improving workers' motivation

Entertainment has the power to improve workers' motivation. This improvement affects their productivity. Based on this idea, we have proposed the entertainment system for workers in the working environment. Weekend Battle is a new entertainment system which extends the fun of competition and collection, and which solves the problems which we pointed out in the previous entertainment system. In Weekend Battle, workers rear their avatars at weekdays, and their avatars fight against each other at weekend. The growth at weekdays is related with whether their avatars win or not at weekend, so we expect that they will work harder than without Weekend Battle.We implemented and evaluated Weekend Battle by an experiment for five weeks. The result indicated that Weekend Battle could improve the participants' motivation, and especially the competition could improve their productivity. Moreover, the entertainment system could produce the topic for their informal communication, so it was expected that it make their relationships better.
Detecting Multiple Changes in Persistence

This paper considers the problem of testing for and dating changes (at unknown points) in the order of integration of a time series between different trend-stationary and difference-stationary regimes. While existing procedures in the literature are designed for processes displaying only a single such change in persistence, our proposed methodology is also valid in the presence of multiple changes in persistence. Our procedure is based on sequences of doubly-recursive implementations of the regression-based unit root statistic of Elliott et al. (1996). The asymptotic validity of our procedure is demonstrated analytically. We use Monte Carlo methods to simulate both finite sample and asymptotic critical values for our proposed testing procedure and to simulate the finite sample behaviour of our procedure against a variety of single and multiple persistence change series. The procedure is shown to work well in practice. The impact of deterministic level and trend breaks on our procedure is also discussed. An empirical application of the procedure to interest rate data is considered.