Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can a Frozen Pretrained Language Model be used for Zero-shot Neural Retrieval on Entity-centric Questions?

Neural document retrievers, including dense passage retrieval (DPR), have outperformed classical lexical-matching retrievers, such as BM25, when fine-tuned and tested on specific question-answering datasets. However, it has been shown that the existing dense retrievers do not generalize well not only out of domain but even in domain such as Wikipedia, especially when a named entity in a question is a dominant clue for retrieval. In this paper, we propose an approach toward in-domain generalization using the embeddings generated by the frozen language model trained with the entities in the domain. By not fine-tuning, we explore the possibility that the rich knowledge contained in a pretrained language model can be used for retrieval tasks. The proposed method outperforms conventional DPRs on entity-centric questions in Wikipedia domain and achieves almost comparable performance to BM25 and state-of-the-art SPAR model. We also show that the contextualized keys lead to strong improvements compared to BM25 when the entity names consist of common words. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of the zero-shot retrieval method for entity-centric questions of Wikipedia domain, where DPR has struggled to perform.
6IMPOSE: bridging the reality gap in 6D pose estimation for robotic grasping

6D pose recognition has been a crucial factor in the success of robotic grasping, and recent deep learning based approaches have achieved remarkable results on benchmarks. However, their generalization capabilities in real-world applications remain unclear. To overcome this gap, we introduce 6IMPOSE, a novel framework for sim-to-real data generation and 6D pose estimation. 6IMPOSE consists of four modules: First, a data generation pipeline that employs the 3D software suite Blender to create synthetic RGBD image datasets with 6D pose annotations. Second, an annotated RGBD dataset of five household objects was generated using the proposed pipeline. Third, a real-time two-stage 6D pose estimation approach that integrates the object detector YOLO-V4 and a streamlined, real-time version of the 6D pose estimation algorithm PVN3D optimized for time-sensitive robotics applications. Fourth, a codebase designed to facilitate the integration of the vision system into a robotic grasping experiment. Our approach demonstrates the efficient generation of large amounts of photo-realistic RGBD images and the successful transfer of the trained inference model to robotic grasping experiments, achieving an overall success rate of 87% in grasping five different household objects from cluttered backgrounds under varying lighting conditions. This is made possible by fine-tuning data generation and domain randomization techniques and optimizing the inference pipeline, overcoming the generalization and performance shortcomings of the original PVN3D algorithm. Finally, we make the code, synthetic dataset, and all the pre-trained models available on GitHub.
Covid-19 impact on food insecurity in Uganda: a dynamic analysis

Lockdowns were used as a tool to avoid excessive social contact and thus limit the spread of Covid-19. However, the true welfare effects of this policy action are still being determined. This paper studies the impact of these lockdowns on the food security outcomes of households in Uganda using a dynamic probit model. We find that the most consequential determinant of whether a household's food security was severely impacted by the lockdown was the initial status of whether a family was food insecure to begin with. Also, an increase in a household's economic resources (log consumption per person) significantly influences a reduction in the probability of being severely food insecure. Over time, this creates a wedge of greater inequality between the food security of households who were initially food secure and those who were not. This is despite the use of government cash transfers which have turned out to be ineffective.
Prevalence of anemia, associated risk factors and outcome in CHUK, Rwanda: a prospective observational study.

Background: Admitted patients with anemia are at increased morbidity and mortality risk as well as length of hospital stay. It affects more than 2 billion people worldwide and is causing significant morbidity and mortality. Its etiology is varying with many predisposing factors including nutritional deficiencies, infections, Malignancies, chronic inflammations and other chronic diseases like autoimmune diseases, chronic liver disease, and chronic kidney disease. Methods: We performed a non-randomized, prospective observational study of 143 patients admitted in Internal Medicine between March and April 2021, we assessed their hemoglobin level in order to determine the prevalence of anemia. The demographic and clinical data were collected using a designed questionnaire. All patients found to have anemia were followed for outcome assessment (either discharge or died). Results: The prevalence of anemia was high (52.4%) among 143 admitted patients in Internal Medicine, CHUK. Patients with HIV, cancer and chronic kidney disease had 5.84-, 4.11- and 3.79-times risk of having anemia respectively. In 75 patients who had anemia 10 patients died among them 5 patients were having severe anemia; 25 patients were 60 years old and above; 60 patients had normocytic anemia and they had an average of length of hospital stay of 20.6 days, patients with severe anemia, length of hospital stay was 28 days. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a high prevalence of anemia which is associated with high mortality rate among admitted patients in CHUK. Priority should be given to the preventive medicine, optimal management of chronic disease and geriatric medicine.
An investigation of the impact of index case screening on commonly reported epidemiological estimates in tuberculosis (TB) household contact study

Tuberculosis, a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains as one of the biggest threats to public health worldwide. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of different screening criteria of the index cases on epidemiological estimates in the tuberculosis (TB) household contact study. Six different screening criteria were designed based on whether the index cases were adults and lived in the crowded environment, as well as their sputum smear and culture test results. Logistic regression was performed to determine the risk factors of TB. We found that gender, HIV-infection, smoking, malnutrition and diabetes were associated with Mtb infection. We also found significant differences of epidemiological estimates among observation groups screened by different criteria. The number of infections were relatively higher in the studies where index cases were screened as positive sputum smear and living in the crowded environment, indicating that index cases with positive sputum smear and live with more than two contacts in one room were likely to be more infectious in the household. Therefore, it is suggested that screening and treatment should be strengthened for those designs so that transmission of Mtb infection in the household can be reduced.
Homomorphism properties of graph products

This thesis consists of two main parts. In the first part (Chapters 2, 3, and 4), we continue the investigation, initiated by R. Haggkvist, P. Hell, D. J. Miller and N. Lara, of graph multiplicativity. A graph W is called multiplicative if the class of graphs that do not admit a homomorphism to W is closed under (categorical) products. Two natural weaker versions of multiplicativity arise as auxiliary notions in this investigation, and we analyse their relationship to multiplicativity and to each other. The main research contributions arising from this part are: (1) a purely combinatorial proof of the multiplicativity of certain directed cycles, a result conjectured by J. Neietiil and A. Pultr and first proved by R. Haggkvist et. a1 using a result from homotopy theory; (2) a complete characterization of multiplicative oriented paths; and (3) partial results on the multiplicativity of oriented cycles, which imply, in particular, that almost all oriented cycles are nonmultiplicative. We also have partial results on the weaker versions of multiplicativity for oriented paths and cycles, and on the multiplicativity of general digraphs. In the second part of this thesis (Chapter 5), we study . homomorphism properties (in this case, just colorability properties) of Cartesian products of undirected graphs. The chromatic difference sequence of a graph essentially encodes the proportions of the largest i-colorable subgraphs, where i is a positive integer. We obtain four main results. They concern the chromatic difference sequences of products of bipartite graphs, of products of graphs with special chromatic difference sequences, the behaviour of the chromatic difference sequence on powers of graphs, and particularly on powers of circulant graphs. A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor and friend, Pavol Hell. His conversation is a constant source of inspiration and encouragement. I consider it an honor and privilege to have had the opportunity to work with him these past few years. Table of
K‐medoids clustering of hospital admission characteristics to classify severity of influenza virus infection

Patients are admitted to the hospital for respiratory illness at different stages of their disease course. It is important to appropriately analyse this heterogeneity in surveillance data to accurately measure disease severity among those hospitalized. The purpose of this study was to determine if unique baseline clusters of influenza patients exist and to examine the association between cluster membership and in‐hospital outcomes.
Long-Term Clinical Results of Trabectome Surgery in Turkish Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to analyze the long-term results of trabectome surgery in Turkish patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEXG) and to characterize the risk factors for failure. Methods: This single-center retrospective non-comparative study included 60 eyes of 51 patients diagnosed with POAG and PEXG, who underwent trabectome alone or phacotrabeculectomy (TP) surgery between 2012 and 2016. Surgical success was defined as a 20% decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP) or IOP≤21 mmHg and no further glaucoma surgery. Risk factors for further surgery were analyzed with the Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) models. The cumulative success analysis was undertaken with the Kaplan–Meier method based on the time to further glaucoma surgery. Results: The mean follow-up period was 59.4±14.3 months. During the follow-up period, 12 eyes required additional glaucoma surgery. The mean pre-operative IOP was 26.9±6.8 mmHg. The mean IOP at the last visit was 18.8±4.7 mmHg (p<0.01). IOP decreased 30.1% from the baseline to the last visit. The average number of antiglaucomatous drug molecules used was 3.4±0.7 (range 1–4) preoperatively and 2.5±1.3 (range 0–4) at the last visit (p<0.01). The risk factors for further surgery requirement were determined as a higher baseline IOP value (HR: 1.11, p=0.03] and the use of a higher number of preoperative antiglaucomatous drug molecules (HR: 2.54, p=0.09). The cumulative probability of success was calculated as 94.6%, 90.1%, 85.7%, 82.1%, and 78.6% at three, 12, 24, 36, and 60 months, respectively. Conclusion: The success rate of trabectome was 67.3% at 59 months. A higher baseline IOP value and the use of a higher number of antiglaucomatous drug molecules were associated with an increased risk of further glaucoma surgery requirement.
Protection Motivation Perspective Regarding the Use of COVID-19 Mobile Tracing Apps Among Public Users: Empirical Study

Background Access to data is crucial for decision-making; this fact has become more evident during the pandemic. Data collected using mobile apps can positively influence diagnosis and treatment, the supply chain, and the staffing resources of health care facilities. Developers and health care professionals have worked to create apps that can track a person’s COVID-19 status. For example, these apps can monitor positive COVID-19 test results and vaccination status. Regrettably, people may be concerned about sharing their data with government or private sector organizations that are developing apps. Understanding user perceptions is essential; without substantial user adoption and the use of mobile tracing apps, benefits cannot be achieved. Objective This study aimed to assess the factors that positively and negatively affect the use of COVID-19 tracing apps by examining individuals’ perceptions about sharing data on mobile apps, such as testing regularity, infection, and immunization status. Methods The hypothesized research model was tested using a cross-sectional survey instrument. The survey contained 5 reflective constructs and 4 control variables selected after reviewing the literature and interviewing health care professionals. A digital copy of the survey was created using Qualtrics. After receiving approval, data were collected from 367 participants through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Participants of any gender who were 18 years or older were considered for inclusion to complete the anonymized survey. We then analyzed the theoretical model using structural equation modeling. Results After analyzing the quality of responses, 325 participants were included. Of these 325 participants, 216 (66.5%) were male and 109 (33.5%) were female. Among the participants in the final data set, 72.6% (236/325) were employed. The results of structural equation modeling showed that perceived vulnerability (β=0.688; P<.001), self-efficacy (β=0.292; P<.001), and an individual’s prior infection with COVID-19 (β=0.194; P=.002) had statistically significant positive impacts on the intention to use mobile tracing apps. Privacy concerns (β=−0.360; P<.001), risk aversion (β=−0.150; P=.09), and a family member’s prior infection with COVID-19 (β=−0.139; P=.02) had statistically significant negative influences on a person’s intention to use mobile tracing apps. Conclusions This study illustrates that various user perceptions affect whether individuals use COVID-19 tracing apps. By working collaboratively on legislation and the messaging provided to potential users before releasing an app, developers, health care professionals, and policymakers can improve the use of tracking apps. Health care professionals need to emphasize disease vulnerability to motivate people to use mobile tracing apps, which can help reduce the spread of viruses and diseases. In addition, more work is needed at the policy-making level to protect the privacy of users, which in return can increase user engagement.
Observations of multiple X‐line structure in the Earth's magnetotail current sheet: A Cluster case study

Observations of the Earth's magnetotail made by the four Cluster spacecraft on October 2 2003 are presented. Multi‐spacecraft analysis is used to show that the variations in field and flow observed in the vicinity of the magnetotail current sheet are most consistent with a series of two active reconnection sites bounding an Earthward moving flux rope. We demonstrate that a single spacecraft analysis of the same data leads to the incorrect conclusion that a single X‐line is moving tailward. The implications of this in relation to the interpretation of single spacecraft observations are outlined. These results show that reconnection can occur simultaneously at different points in the near‐Earth magnetotail current sheet, providing (further) important experimental validation of multiple X – line reconnection theories on the mesoscale (tens of ion inertial length) level.
A Formal Analysis of the Feedback Concept in Climate Models. Part II: Tangent Linear Systems in GCMs

AbstractClimate analysis is greatly simplified in perturbation analysis when filtered anomalies show linear behavior. In the first part (part I) of this two-part analysis, the formal tangent linear system (TLS) that handles linear behavior was used to demonstrate the strict equivalence between feedback and sensitivity analysis but at the cost of reducing the generality of its application to GCMs. In this second part, the full feedback analysis is introduced from the application of the so-called regression method of Gregory et al. The authors give a complete example of its use in the global analysis of the phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) abrupt 4×CO2 and ramp experiments. A simple 1D model with only two ocean layers is shown to be able to explain the slow climate warming of the next century. An extension of the formal results in part I allows a new perturbation method to be designed in GCMs to determine the TLS in models. A series of illustrations demonstrates the advantages of.
Randomized Control Trial of the Impact of Patient Decision Aid Developed for Chinese Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients

Introduction: Patient decision aid (PDA) is a tool to prompt shared decision-making. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a PDA on Chinese primary open-angle glaucoma patients. Methods: All subjects were randomized into control and PDA group. The questionnaires, including 1) glaucoma knowledge; 2) 8-item Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS-8); 3) 10-item glaucoma medication adherence self-efficacy scale (GMASES-10); and 4) 16-item decision conflict scale (DCS), were evaluated at baseline, 3- and 6-month follow-up. Results: Totally, 156 subjects participated in this study, including 77 in the control group and 79 in the PDA group. Compared to the control group, PDA group showed around 1 point more improvement in disease knowledge at both 3 and 6 months (both p < 0.05), 2.5 (95% CI: [1.0, 4.1]) and 1.9 (95% CI: [0.2, 3.7]) points more improvement in GMASES-10 at 3 and 6 months, respectively, and reduction in DCS by 8.8 (95% CI: [4.6, 12.9]) points more at 3 months and 13.5 (95% CI: [8.9, 18.0]) points more at 6 months. No difference was detected in MMAS-8. Conclusion: PDA led to improvement in disease knowledge and self-confidence in medication adherence and reduced decision conflict compared to control group for at least 6 months.
TRIP13 overexpression promotes gefitinib resistance in non‑small cell lung cancer via regulating autophagy and phosphorylation of the EGFR signaling pathway

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of lung cancers and remains the most common cause of cancer-related death. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have been used as first-line treatment for patients with NSCLC showing EGFR mutations. Unfortunately, drug resistance is a crucial barrier affecting the treatment of patients with NSCLC. Thyroid hormone receptor interactor 13 (TRIP13) is an ATPase that is overexpressed in numerous tumors and is involved in drug resistance. However, whether TRIP13 plays a role in regulating sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC remains unknown. TRIP13 expression was evaluated in gefitinib-sensitive (HCC827) and -resistant (HCC827GR and H1975) cell lines. The effect of TRIP13 on gefitinib sensitivity was assessed using the MTS assay. The expression of TRIP13 was upregulated or knocked down to determine its effect on cell growth, colony formation, apoptosis and autophagy. Additionally, the regulatory mechanism of TRIP13 on EGFR and its downstream pathways in NSCLC cells were examined using western blotting, immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation assays. The expression levels of TRIP13 were significantly higher in gefitinib-resistant than in gefitinib-sensitive NSCLC cells. TRIP13 upregulation enhanced cell proliferation and colony formation while reducing the apoptosis of gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cells, suggesting that TRIP13 may facilitate gefitinib resistance in NSCLC cells. In addition, TRIP13 improved autophagy to desensitize gefitinib in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, TRIP13 interacted with EGFR and induced its phosphorylation and downstream pathways in NSCLC cells. The present study demonstrated that TRIP13 overexpression promotes gefitinib resistance in NSCLC by regulating autophagy and activating the EGFR signaling pathway. Thus, TRIP13 could be used as a biomarker and therapeutic target for gefitinib resistance in NSCLC.
The Function of Body Mass Index in the Older with Osteosarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background Due to the aging population worldwide, diseases that frequently attack elderly people, such as sarcopenia and osteoporosis, are major public health issues. Methods This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the associations among body mass index (BMI), sarcopenia, and bone mineral density (BMD) in a group of adults older than 60 years. Eight studies with a total of 18,783 subjects were examined using a random effect model. Results In sarcopenia patients, total hip BMD (d=0.560; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.438 to 0.681; P<0.01; I2=53.755%), femoral neck BMD (d=0.522; 95% CI, 0.423 to 0.621; P<0.01; I2=77.736%) and lumbar spine BMD (d=0.295; 95% CI, 0.111 to 0.478; P<0.01; I2=66.174%) were lower than in control subjects. Additionally, BMI (d=0.711; 95% CI, 0.456 to 0.996; P<0.01; I2=97.609%) correlated with the BMD of the total hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine. That is, sarcopenia patients with low BMD levels in the total hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine also had low fat levels. Thus, sarcopenia patients with low BMD in the total hip, femoral neck and lumbar spine and low BMI could have a higher than average risk of osteosarcopenia. No sex effects were significant (P>0.05) for any variable. Conclusion BMI could be a key point in osteosarcopenia, suggesting that a low body weight could be facilitate the transition from sarcopenia to osteosarcopenia.
Passive and active markers of cortical excitability in epilepsy

Electroencephalography (EEG) has been the primary diagnostic tool in clinical epilepsy for nearly a century. Its review is performed using qualitative clinical methods that have changed little over time. However, the intersection of higher resolution digital EEG and analytical tools developed in the past decade invites a re‐exploration of relevant methodology. In addition to the established spatial and temporal markers of spikes and high‐frequency oscillations, novel markers involving advanced postprocessing and active probing of the interictal EEG are gaining ground. This review provides an overview of the EEG‐based passive and active markers of cortical excitability in epilepsy and of the techniques developed to facilitate their identification. Several different emerging tools are discussed in the context of specific EEG applications and the barriers we must overcome to translate these tools into clinical practice.
KMT2D acetylation by CREBBP reveals a cooperative functional interaction at enhancers in normal and malignant germinal center B cells

Significance Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation to the frequent coselection of inactivating CREBBP and KMT2D mutations in lymphoma. They reveal a biochemical and functional cooperativity at select enhancer networks whose disruption facilitates the preneoplastic expansion of germinal center B cells. The identification of KMT2D as a direct target of CREBBP acetylation has implications for the design of strategies targeting tumors where these genes are concurrently mutated.