Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Evolution of Pore Pressure Changes and Coulomb Failure Stress in a Poroelastic Medium for Different Faulting Regimes

Spatial distribution of aftershocks has been explained by the co‐seismic static Coulomb Failure Stress changes (ΔCFS) to some extent. In practice, the earth's crust is porous medium saturated with fluid filling pores, cavities, cracks, and faults. The pore fluid flow plays an important role in the evolution of the stress field in porous medium of the earth. The ΔCFS can be influenced by the co‐seismic pore pressure changes and the post‐seismic pore fluid flow. In order to understand such impacts, we built 3D fault‐slip finite element models to study the evolution of the pore pressure changes and the ΔCFS based on the fully coupled poroelastic theory. The strike‐slip, reverse, and normal faulting models were investigated separately. The patterns of co‐seismic ΔCFS were similar to the elastic stress changes on a homogeneous half‐space, but there were considerable differences in details especially in the near‐fault area when considering co‐seismic pore pressure change. Due to post‐seismic pore fluid flow, the near‐field stress shadow narrowed gradually in the strike‐slip model. In the reverse faulting model, both the near‐field stress shadow and enhanced areas expanded. In the normal faulting model, the stress shadow near the epicenter reduced. The pore pressure changes decayed sharply at the beginning and then gradually approached to zero because the system evolves to drained conditions. These results can help us to understand the effect of pore fluid flow on Coulomb Failure Stress evolution and might improve the understanding of earthquake triggering and aftershock forecasting.
Property in whose name? Intrahousehold bargaining over homeownership in China

Abstract Previous research typically examined homeownership inequality across individuals or households, overlooking the intrahousehold allocation of homeownership. Using couple-level data of the 2016 China Family Panel Studies, our study addresses the gap by examining the bargaining over homeownership between husbands and wives in China. Descriptive results reveal a large gender gap in homeownership: only about one-quarter of couples listed the wife as an owner on the Housing Ownership Certificate, whereas about 92% listed the husband. The gender gap in ownership, however, has narrowed among couples married after 2000. Multivariate analyses show that economic autonomy, relative resources, housing purchase conditions, and modernization significantly increase wives’ homeownership, but with varying degrees among rural and urban wives. Women’s own socioeconomic status is more important for acquiring homeownership for urban wives, yet rural wives’ homeownership depends more on the resource exchange with their husbands. Given the stratifying effects of homeownership, our findings of the unequal distribution of homeownership between husbands and wives underscore how family dynamics reproduce gender inequality.
SmartBall™: A New Approach in Pipeline Leak Detection

Early detection of leaks in hazardous materials pipelines is essential to reduce product loss and damage to the environment. Small undetected leaks can result in very high clean-up costs and have the potential to grow to more serious failures. There are a variety of methods that can detect leaks in pipelines, ranging from manual inspection to advanced satellite based imaging. Typically, most operators opt for a combination of CPM where available, and direct observation methodologies including aerial patrols, ground patrols and public awareness programs that are designed to encourage and facilitate the reporting of suspected leaks. Permanent monitoring sensors based on acoustic or other technologies are also available. These methods can be costly, and none can reliably detect small leaks regardless of their location in the line. SmartBall is a radical new approach that combines the sensitivity of acoustic leak detection with the 100% coverage capability of in-line inspection. The free-swimming device is spherical and smaller than the pipe bore allowing it to roll silently through the line and achieve the highest responsiveness to small leaks. It can be launched and retrieved using conventional pig traps, but its size and shape allow it to negotiate obstacles that could otherwise render a pipeline unpiggable. The SmartBall technology was originally developed and successfully implemented for the water industry, and now refined for oil and gas pipelines over 4-inches in diameter. SmartBall has been proven capable of detecting leaks in liquid lines of less than 0.1 gallons per minute where conventional CPM methods can detect leaks no smaller than 1% of throughput. Development work is continuing to reduce the detection threshold still further. Whereas traditional acoustic monitoring techniques have focused on longitudinal deployment and spacing of acoustic sensors, the SmartBall uses only a single acoustic sensor that is deployed inside the pipeline. Propelled by the flow of product in the pipeline, the device will record all noise events as it traverses the length of the pipeline. This allows the acoustic sensor to pass in very close proximity to any leak whereby the sensor can detect very small leaks, whose noise signature can be clearly distinguished from any background noise.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Investigation of Perception Towards Robot Expressions Considering Attitude and Personality

(cid:718) As robots become ever more sophisticated, ubiquitous, and continue to permeate into our everyday life, an important agenda for future studies will be to design and evaluate robots that can adapt its expressions based on user characteristics in real-time and study their eﬀect on perception of the user. To explore the eﬀective expression in human–robot interaction, we intended to endow the humanoid robot Pepper with seven expression patterns showing diﬀerent combinations of voice and motion traits. The Negative and Anxiety Scale and Big Five Domain Scale were chosen as the phycological indicators, and an online video-based questionnaire was utilized to investigate human perception of robot diﬀerent expressions. Results have uncovered that robot’s diﬀerent expressions can elicit individual distinguishing evaluations towards robot. The prominent distinction of personal perceptions among diﬀerent participants emerges from the data, boosting the idea that the personalized robot with adaptive expression is essential for diﬀerent individuals and various scenarios. This study provides the ﬁrst investigations into how to make social robots generate appropriate reactions according to individual inner conditions including personality and attitude towards robots.
Effect of Grain Orientation Distribution on Anisotropy of Idealized Granular Materials

Abstract. The regular grain orientation of granular materials is a common phenomenon in nature. Based on the research of grain shape effect on mechanical property of granular materials, two kinds of idealized shape grain (kind of long rod and square) assemblies with different grain orientation were studied by simulated biaxial compression test using Discrete Element Method. The significant orientation which can be computed as the mean value of all grain orientation is introduced to represent the orientation regularity of granular materials. In order to study the anisotropy, the mobilized friction angle and volumetric strain of assemblies with different significant orientation were obtained under both vertical and horizontal loading. The results show that the regular orientation of grains influences the movement such as motion and rotation obviously; with the increasing of significant orientation, peak mobilized friction angle of long rod grain assembly gradually increases under horizontal loading, and decreasing under vertical loading.
Detection and Classification of Power Quality Disturbances Using Wavelet Transform and Support Vector Machines

Abstract Recognition of power quality events by analyzing voltage waveform disturbances is a very important task for power system monitoring. This article presents a novel approach for the recognition and classification of power quality disturbances using wavelet transform and wavelet-support vector machines. The proposed method employs wavelet transform techniques to extract the most important and significant feature from details and approximation waves. The obtained severable feature vectors are used for training the support vector machines to classify the power quality disturbances. Various transient events, such as voltage sag, swell, interruption, harmonic, transient, sag with harmonic, swell with harmonic, and flicker, are tested. Sensitivity of the proposed algorithm under different noise conditions is investigated in this article. The results show that the classifier can detect and classify different power quality signals, even under noisy conditions, correctly.
The Industrial Structure Adjustment and Environmental Improvement - From the Case of Suzhou River Change

The Suzhou River once was a seriously polluted belt gathered by a large number of factories with the growth mode of high material consumption, high energy consumption, high pollution and low technology. With the industrial restructuring, the tertiary industry replaced the secondary industry, and business, real estate, tourism, creative industry have become the major industry beside the Suzhou River. Relying on the river coordinated function, the Suzhou River showed its industrial charm with additional role of sightseeing, tourism and recreation. It is the right decisions and strong measures of Shanghai municipal government that make the Suzhou River, the previously polluted river, flow to an ecological civilization.
Development of mini LD laser rangefinder

Development process of laser rangefinder is introduced briefly in this paper. Working principle of laser rangefinder and ranging equation is also discussed. Relationship between signal to noise ratio (SNR) and ranging capacity is analyzed. By using spectral filtering, spatial filtering, and cumulative technique, ranging distance can be improved. The maximum of ranging distance can reach 1000m in good weather conditions. Ranging accuracy of laser rangefinder is decided by forefront of laser pulse, response time of APD and bandwidth of amplifier. It is about 1m.
Low-frequency vibration modulation of guided waves to image nonlinear scatterers for structural health monitoring

Guided wave structural health monitoring offers the prospect of continuous interrogation of large plate-like structures with a sparse network of permanently attached sensors. Currently, the most common approach is to monitor changes in the received signals by subtraction from a reference signal obtained when the structure was known to be defect-free. In this paper a comparison is made between this defect-free subtraction approach and a technique in which low-frequency vibration modulation of guided wave signals is used to detect nonlinear scatterers. The modulation technique potentially overcomes the need for the defect-free reference measurement as the subtraction is now made between different parts of an externally applied low-frequency vibration. Linear defects were simulated by masses bonded onto a plate and nonlinear scatterers were simulated by loading a similar mass against the plate. The experimental results show that the defect-free subtraction technique performs well in detecting the bonded mass whereas the modulation technique is able to discriminate between the bonded and loaded masses. Furthermore, because the modulation technique does not require a defect-free reference, it is shown to be relatively independent of temperature effects, a significant problem for reference based subtraction techniques.
To B or not to B. The rationale for quantifying B‐lines in pediatric lung diseases

Lung ultrasound (LUS) is emerging as adjunct tool to be used during clinical assessment. Among the different hallmarks of LUS, B‐lines are well known artifacts, which are not correlated with identifiable structures, but which can be used for pathological classification. The presence of multiple B‐lines is a sonographic sign of lung interstitial syndrome. It has been demonstrated in adults that there is a direct correlation between the number of B‐lines and the severity of the interstitial involvement of lung disease. Counting B‐lines is an attempt to enrich the clinical assessment and clinical information, beyond obtaining a simple dichotomous answer. Semiquantitative or quantitative B‐line assessment has been shown to correlate with fluid overload and demonstrated prognostic implications in specific neonatal and pediatric conditions. LUS with quantitative B‐lines assessment is promising. Current evidence allows for quantification of B‐lines in a limited number of neonatal and pediatric diseases.
First Courses in MS/OR in Executive MBA Programs: A Survey

The first MS/OR course taken by an MBA student is critical in shaping the student's view of the field. While a debate now rages over what course content should be, little is known about current course content. I surveyed executive MBA programs to determine course titles, topics, use of computers, use of case studies, and course objectives. I found that current practice departs considerably from the recommendations of the TIMS education committee.
Assessment of Defects at Construction and Occupancy Stages

Construction inspection can take place only during the construction phase of a project. This imposes limitations on what the building inspector can detect, and thus there is often a gap between perceived construction quality and the defects the occupants suffer from later. This research paper looks into the differences among the defects that occurred during construction and 2 to 6 years after initial occupancy and finds that the defects at both periods were very different. Defects found during the occupancy stage are commonly known as latent defects, most of which were rarely found during the construction stage and are thus rarely accounted for by the designers and building developers. This paper confirms the need to look at defects in another way and to establish more effective methods to reduce latent defects.
A Simplified Method for Determining Optimal Cooling Control Strategies for Thermal Storage in Building Mass

Previous simulations and experiments have shown that significant operating savings can be realized when cooling commercial buildings if the building structure is used for thermal storage. Research has also shown that the control strategy must be tailored to the application to achieve these savings while maintaining occupant comfort. Developing cooling control strategies which utilize the thermal mass of a building is a formidable optimization problem. By examining optimal cooling results covering a wide range of buildings, cooling plants, weather, utility rates, and internal gains, this study has reduced the dimensionality of the optimal control problem. Two simplified approaches were developed which each employ two control variables while the building is unoccupied, in conjunction with a set of rules for the occupied period. These rules were expressed in terms of occupant comfort. The simplified strategy achieved 95% and 97%, respectively, of the optimal savings relative to conventional control. Using ho.
Ultrasonic breast imaging using a wave-equation migration method

Reflection imaging has the potential to produce higher-resolution breast images than transmission tomography; however, the current clinical reflection imaging technique yields poor-quality breast images due to speckle. We present a new ultrasonic breast imaging method for obtaining high-resolution and clear breast images using ultrasonic reflection data acquired by a new ultrasonic scanning device that provides a better illumination of targets of interest than the clinical B-scan. The new imaging method is based on the solution of the wave equation in Cartesian coordinates and is implemented using Fast Fourier Transform algorithms. We apply the new ultrasonic breast imaging method to two ultrasonic data sets obtained using an experimental ultrasound scanner recently developed by the Karmanos Cancer Institute. One data set was acquired for a "cyst" phantom using 360 transmitter positions and 321 receiver positions along a 20-cm diameter ring. Another data set was collected with 180 transmitter positions and 1601 receiver positions along a 30-cm diameter ring with the breast specimen located at the center of the ring. We report on the breast imaging results for these two data sets using the new breast imaging method. The results demonstrate that the wave-equation-based ultrasonic breast imaging has the potential to produce high-resolution breast images.
Vibration control of shell-like structures with optical strain sensors

The paper discusses the opportunity to use piezoelectric actuators (PZT) and Fiber Bragg Grating sensors (FBGs) to realize a smart structure including in itself both the sensing and the actuating devices. Different control strategies have been implemented on a test rig consisting on a plate made of carbon fiber using two chains with 15 FBG sensors each and 6 PZT actuators. Control forces are designed to increase the damping of the structures, allowing to increase of damping of the first modes of vibration of about 10 times.
Multi-site production planning integrating procurement and distribution plans in multi-echelon supply chains: an interactive fuzzy goal programming approach

Motivated by a real case of an automobile company, this study proposes a multi-objective, multi-site production planning model integrating procurement and distribution plans in a multi-echelon supply chain network with multiple suppliers, multiple manufacturing plants and multiple distribution centres. The model incorporates four important conflicting objectives simultaneously: minimisation of the total cost of logistics, maximisation of the total value of purchasing, minimisation of defective items and minimisation of late deliveries subject to some realistic constraints. Due to the imprecise/fuzzy nature of the objectives’ aspiration levels and some critical data, an interactive fuzzy goal programming formulation is first developed. Then, a novel fuzzy approach is proposed to convert the FGP model into an auxiliary crisp formulation to find an efficient compromise solution. The proposed model and solution method are validated through some numerical tests. Computational results indicate the practicality and tractability of the proposed model and also the superiority of the proposed auxiliary crisp formulation in contrast to the current alternative fuzzy approaches.
A System for In-Service Strain Monitoring of Ordinary Bridges

An In-Service Bridge Monitoring System (ISBMS) has been developed to provide near real-time web-based monitoring of live load strains in a bridge. The monitoring system is small, battery-operated, can be rapidly deployed, and is programmed and interrogated via a user-friendly web interface. The ISBMS has been designed to be portable and used on an “as-needed” as a diagnostic tool or for health monitoring of ordinary bridges. The system is based on a small single-board-computer with analog inputs; it also includes a cellular digital packet data modem for communication via the existing cellular network. Strains are measured using either a full bridge strain transducer or a quarter bridge foil strain gage. The system has three modes of operation; the peaks program records peak live load strains that exceed a specified threshold, the time history program captures dynamic waveforms that exceed a specified threshold, and the rainflow program counts varying amplitude strain cycles. The selection and setup of the program, and retrieval of data is handled through a custom designed web interface. The system has been tested in the laboratory and in the field on a heavily traveled steel girder bridge. The data obtained from the ISBMS can be used for load rating, fatigue assessment, monitoring of stresses due to overload vehicles, and long-term health monitoring of bridges.
Vibration measurement system of dual-path detection based on Michelson interferometer

Based on the Michelson interferometer, we use the circulator to realize the dual-path detection of the vibration signal, which reduce the intensity noise caused by laser source. Reflectors are connected to the terminal of the signal arm and reference arm respectively. The phase generated carrier (PGC) technology should use piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) to generate carrier signal with high frequency in traditional demodulation techniques. Whereas the PZT is sensitive to the external environment changing, so accuracy of vibration measurement will fall down, in order to solve this problem the fiber waveguide modulator was used in the system instead of PZT. Then we use arctangent algorithm instead of PGC algorithm to demodulate the signals, which could greatly simplify the algorithm. The output of the signals are input into the computer through the data acquisition card and then demodulated by arctangent algorithm compiled by Labview. Theoretical analysis and experimental prove the phase orthogonality of the two output signals, the amplitude and frequency of the vibration signal can be detected at the same time. The Experiment results indicate that the system can demodulate the vibration signal accurately.
Developing a Mobile Application to Improve the Levels of Statistical Literacy among Graduate Students

In today’s world, educated individuals are expected to understand basic statistical concepts and interpret statistical messages. For this reason, despite the undeniable importance of statistical literacy in the educational process, studies on undergraduate and postgraduate students in practice reveal that students have difficulties in determining the data structure, choosing the appropriate test for the purpose, and interpreting the findings correctly. Similar studies indicate that steps should be taken in many ways to overcome such difficulties. When the respective literature is viewed, it is understood that the use of software packages in teaching has many disadvantages such as being complex, being expensive and not being compatible with mobile devices, therefore, tech-supported teaching materials suitable for the level of students, in other words, instructional software is needed. Hence, it was aimed in this study to design a mobile teaching software for the development of advanced statistical literacy skills, which are often needed in the scientific research process. For this purpose, the first type of development method, which is one of the quantitative research methods, was preferred in the research. At the end of the research process, a free mobile teaching software program was developed that can be used in the teaching of statistical concepts at the postgraduate level and can perform statistical analysis. The alternatives offered by the application developed as a result of the research in response to the needs in the literature were examined. Additionally, the application was published via Google Play Store and was made available for users for a period of one year to receive evaluations, and at the end of this period, it was downloaded by users from dozens of various countries. It has been observed that the application, which has been downloaded approximately 40 thousand times in the last six months and reached 16 thousand users, received 84.6% positive scores (4.23). It is estimated that the application, which was developed as a result of the process, will contribute to the literature in terms of statistical literacy.