Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drought and water availability analysis for irrigation and household water needs in the Krueng Jrue sub-watershed

This study aimed to analyze drought conditions and evaluate irrigation water availability and household water needs in the Krueng Jrue sub-watershed, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The Z-score statistics method was developed to analyze the drought, and the Mock model was used to generate discharges. We performed model validation using linear regression, which produced a coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.90**) and coefficient of regression (r = 0.95**). In general, this area had a normal Z-score for precipitation (ZSP) class with 90 events (75%) and a normal Z-score for a discharge (ZSD) class with 89 events (74.2%). There were 0–11 (0–9.2%) moderate wet, very wet, extreme wet, moderate drought, and severe drought events. The consistency between the ZSP and ZSD indices reached 85.8%, indicating consensus between the meteorological droughts that were analyzed based on rainfall (ZSP) and hydrological droughts analyzed based on water discharge (ZSD). ZSP and ZSD indices showed negative values during the dry season (April to September) and positive values during the rainy season (October to March). There was a surplus of water availability for irrigation and household water needs during the rainy season and a deficit during the dry season. However, water deficits also occurred in certain months during the rainy rendeng planting season, for example, in October 2009, 2013, 2016, and 2017 as well as in February between 2008 to 2011 and from 2014 to 2017. This observation was probably due to the influence of global climate variables that need to be substantiated. This study offers necessary information for farmers, the community, and the local government when anticipating drought phenomenon, organizing the rice planting season, and evaluating water availability in other watersheds.
Application of the intestine diversion tube with a double-balloon without ileostomy in low rectal cancer

Background Ileostomy is often used in low rectal cancer to protect the anastomosis and reduce the incidence of anastomotic leakage. However, the closure of the stoma causes physical and psychological damage to patients. An intestine diversion tube with a double-balloon was designed to remove the need for ileostomy and a secondary surgery, and we sought to verify its effectiveness and safety. Methods An intestine diversion tube with a double-balloon was designed, and the experiment was performed in 5 groups of experiment pigs by the same group of physicians. The tube was placed into the ileum through the cecum during surgery. All the animals were anatomized after being anesthetized on the 14th day postoperatively to check the anastomosis and abdominal cavity. The postoperative complications included anastomotic leakage, abdominal or pelvic infection, anastomotic stenosis, postoperative bleeding, intestinal obstruction, reoperation, electrolyte disorder, drainage tube blockage, and drainage tube fall off. Results No serious postoperative complications occurred in the 5 animal groups. The average daily drainage tube volume was 188.6 mL, the average drainage tube removal time was 13.4 days, and the average first defecation time was 2.6 days. Postoperative drainage was smooth, and no anastomotic leakage, other complications, or animal deaths occurred. Conclusions The use of the intestine diversion tube with a double-balloon was feasible in animal experiments and was safe and effective. The procedure is simple, and suitable for popularization and application in the clinic.
Dynamic null steering for broadband phased array antennas via photonic processing

This paper presents a novel architecture for independently steering broadband nulls for phased array antennas. Measurements taken over a ten percent fractional bandwidth on a three-element proof-of-concept system shows a null depth of better than 40 dB uniform across the entire band in this laboratory setup. The architecture presented is best suited for small antenna array applications, for example self-guided airborne munitions. In a fully integrated, optimized system, null depths of 50 - 70 dB or greater across a multi-gigahertz bandwidth are anticipated and the critical factors, which influence this performance, are examined.
PREDICTING SUBCHLOROPLAST LOCATIONS OF PROTEINS BASED ON THE GENERAL FORM OF CHOU'S PSEUDO AMINO ACID COMPOSITION: APPROACHED FROM OPTIMAL TRIPEPTIDE COMPOSITION

Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis. The subchloroplast locations of proteins are correlated with their functions. With the availability of a great number of protein data, it is highly desired to develop a computational method to predict the subchloroplast locations of chloroplast proteins. In this study, we proposed a novel method to predict subchloroplast locations of proteins using tripeptide compositions. It first used the binomial distribution to optimize the feature sets. Then the support vector machine was selected to perform the prediction of subchloroplast locations of proteins. The proposed method was tested on a reliable and rigorous dataset including 259 chloroplast proteins with sequence identity ≤ 25%. In the jack-knife cross-validation, 92.21% envelope proteins, 93.20% thylakoid membrane, 52.63% thylakoid lumen and 85.00% stroma can be correctly identified. The overall accuracy achieves 88.03% which is higher than that of other models. Based on this method, a predictor called ChloPred has been built and can be freely available from http://cobi.uestc. edu.cn/people/hlin/tools/ChloPred/. The predictor will provide important information for theoretical and experimental research of chloroplast proteins.
Consensus Problem of Multivehicle Formation Using Nearest Neighbor Rule with Addition of State Buffer

We consider the problem of cooperation among a collection of vehicles performing a shared task using intervehicle communication to coordinate their actions. Tools from algebraic graph theory prove useful in modeling the communication network and relating its topology to formation stability. We show that agents can reach consensus if the value of the function is time invariant and we prove our result by taking agents initial state values. The concept of state buffer is also introduced to avoid delays in achieving consensus.
Photoluminescence and Raman studies in thin-film materials: Transition from amorphous to microcrystalline silicon

We measured photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectra for films deposited by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition using various hydrogen to silane ratios. We observed: (a) a PL peak energy increase from 1.25 to 1.4 eV as the material approaches the a- to μc-Si transition region; (b) a dual-PL peak at 1.3 and 1.0 eV for the film with a H dilution ratio of 3; and (c) as the H ratio increases, the 1.3 eV PL fades away and the low energy PL dominates. Meanwhile, a redshift of the peak position, a decrease of the intensity, and a narrower bandwidth for the low energy PL are also observed. The low energy PL is explained by band-tail radiative transitions from two types of grain boundaries.
Physics of the explosive growth phase: Ballooning instability revisited

In situ observations have led to the notion of the explosive growth phase when the crosstail current sheet inside L∼10 suddenly thins in a time of ∼1 min. A theoretical explanation of the current intensification envisages the ballooning instability of magnetospheric plasma. In this paper, this theoretical notion is reanalyzed mathematically. In contrast to some previous work, we find that for a high-plasma, the ballooning instability can be excited easily by an earthward pressure gradient of any magnitude and for perturbations having parallel wavenumbers comparable to the field line curvature. The instability is compounded by its own development, leading ultimately to the extreme condition of a thin current sheet of a few ion gyroradius thick.
Polynomial matrix decomposition techniques for frequency selective MIMO channels

For a narrowband, instantaneous mixing multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) communications system, the channel is represented as a scalar matrix. In this scenario, singular value decomposition (SVD) provides a number of independent spatial subchannels which can be used to enhance data rates or to increase diversity. Alternatively, a QR decomposition can be used to reduce the MIMO channel equalization problem to a set of single channel equalization problems. In the case of a frequency selective MIMO system, the multipath channel is represented as a polynomial matrix. Thus conventional matrix decomposition techniques can no longer be applied. The traditional solution to this broadband problem is to reduce it to narrowband form by using a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to split the broadband channel into N narrow uniformly spaced frequency bands and applying scalar decomposition techniques within each band. This describes an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based system. However, a novel algorithm has been developed for calculating the eigenvalue decomposition of a para-Hermitian polynomial matrix, known as the sequential best rotation (SBR2) algorithm. SBR2 and its QR based derivatives allow a true polynomial singular value and QR decomposition to be formulated. The application of these algorithms within frequency selective MIMO systems results in a fundamentally new approach to exploiting spatial diversity. Polynomial matrix decomposition and OFDM based solutions are compared for a wide variety of broadband MIMO communication systems. SVD is used to create a robust, high gain communications channel for ultra low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environments. Due to the frequency selective nature of the channels produced by polynomial matrix decomposition, additional processing is required at the receiver resulting in two distinct equalization techniques based around turbo and Viterbi equalization. The proposed approach is found to provide identical performance to that of an existing OFDM scheme while supporting a wider range of access schemes. This work is then extended to QR decomposition based communications systems, where the proposed polynomial approach is found to not only provide superior bit-error-rate (BER) performance but significantly reduce the complexity of transmitter design. Finally both techniques are combined to create a nulti-user MIMO system that provides superior BER performance over an OFDM based scheme. Throughout the work the robustness of the proposed scheme to channel state information (CSI) error is considered, resulting in a rigorous demonstration of the capabilities of the polynomial approach.
Accurate determination of the absolute phase and temporal-pulse phase of few-cycle laser pulses

A Fourier analysis method is used to accurately determine not only the absolute phase but also the temporal-pulse phase of an isolated few-cycle (chirped) laser pulse. This method is independent of the pulse shape and can fully characterize the light wave even though only a few samples per optical cycle are available. It paves the way for investigating the absolute phase-dependent extreme nonlinear optics, and the evolutions of the absolute phase and the temporal-pulse phase of few-cycle laser pulses.
New absolute stability criteria for time‐delay Lur'e systems with sector‐bounded nonlinearity

This paper is concerned with the problem of absolute stability of time‐delay Lur'e systems with sector‐bounded nonlinearity. Several novel criteria are presented by using a Lur'e–Postnikov function. For a general Lur'e system with known time delay, the absolute stability of it is analyzed by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The maximum upper bound of the allowable time delay for a general Lur'e system is derived by solving a convex optimization problem. The feasibility of the LMIs implies some frequency‐domain interpretations which are similar to the frequency‐domain inequalities in the circle criterion and the Popov criterion. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of flexible flapping wing concept

ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab - has launched an internal program on biologically-inspired Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs), covering many research topics such as unsteady aerodynamics, actuation, structural dynamics or control. The aim is to better understand the flapping flight performed in nature by insects, and to control state of the art technologies and applications in this field. For that purpose, a flight-dynamics oriented simulation model of a flapping-wing concept has been developed. This model, called OSCAB, features a body and two wings along which the aerodynamics efforts are integrated, so as to determine the global motion of the MAV. The model has been improved by taking into account the flexibility of the wings (flexion of the leading edge and passive torsion of the wings, induced by the flapping motion itself under wing inertia). Thus, it becomes possible to estimate the coupling between flexibility and the aerodynamic forces. Furthermore, the model shows that using elastic properties of the wings allows a diminution of the mechanical energy needed for wings motion, and a reduction of the number of actuators to be implanted into the MAV.
EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS OF BLOW-UP SOLUTIONS FOR A CLASS OF LOGISTIC EQUATIONS

Let f be a non-negative C1-function on [0, ∞) such that f(u)/u is increasing and , where . Assume Ω ⊂ RN is a smooth bounded domain, a is a real parameter and b ≥ 0 is a continuous function on , b≢0. We consider the problem Δu+au =b(x)f(u) in Ω and we prove a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of positive solutions that blow-up at the boundary. We also deduce several existence and uniqueness results for a related problem, subject to homogeneous Dirichlet, Neumann or Robin boundary condition.
64. Single-step genomic prediction for metabolic body weight of Nordic Red dairy cattle

The aim of this study was to predict genomic breeding values for metabolic body weight (MBW) by a single-step model and to compare obtained breeding values to those from a multi-step genomic prediction model and a pedigree-based BLUP model. Data contained over 3 million observations from Danish, Finnish and Swedish Red dairy cattle born in the years 1990 to 2017. The applied multiple-trait animal models included six traits: 1 st , 2 nd , and 3 rd parity MBW, and first parity stature, chest width and body depth. Breeding values from the single-step model were in good agreement with those from the multi-step model (correlations were 0.98-0.99), but BLUP breeding values differed from genomic breeding values slightly for bulls and clearly for cows. The single-step model gave higher validation reliabilities for bulls and cows than the multi-step model. The results support using a single-step approach for the genomic evaluation of MBW.
Terahertz photonic mixers as local oscillators for hot electron bolometer and superconductor-insulator-superconductor astronomical receivers

A pump experiment of two astronomical heterodyne receivers, a superconductor- insulator-superconductor (SIS) receiver at 450GHz and a hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) receiver at 750GHz, is reported. A low-temperature-grown GaAs metal-semiconductor-metal photonic local oscillator (LO) was illuminated by two near infrared semiconductor lasers, generating a beat frequency in the submillimeter range. I-V junction characteristics for different LO pump power levels demonstrate that the power delivered by the photomixer is sufficient to pump a SIS and a HEB mixer. SIS receiver noise temperatures were compared using a conventional solid-state LO and a photonic LO. In both cases, the best receiver noise temperature was identical (Tsys=170K).
Predictive Manufacturing – Ein Intelligentes Überwachungssystem zur Erkennung von Anomalien im 3D-Druck

Beim selektiven Laserschmelzen wird Metallpulver schichtweise aufgeschmolzen und mit dem bereits gefertigten Bauteil verschmolzen. Innerhalb dieses Prozesses entstehen vermeidbare fehlerhafte Schichten. Derartige Fehler sind erst durch verschiedene Druck- und Zugfestigkeitsexperimente nach dem Druck feststellbar. Dieses Vorgehen ist kostenintensiv und ineffizient.
A 600-MS/s, 65-dB SNDR, 75-MHz BW Time-Interleaved Noise-Shaping SAR ADC

A time-interleaved noise-shaping (TINS) successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for wide bandwidth, high resolution, and low power consumption is proposed. A fully passive switched-capacitor integrator based on a single capacitor and a single-input comparator is adopted in the proposed three-channel structure for 1st-order noise shaping with low power consumption. The SAR conversion is split into coarse and fine conversions to allow noise shaping in the time-interleaved structure to maximize the bandwidth. In addition, a dynamic weight averaging method for three channels is introduced to suppress the effect of capacitor mismatch. The prototype ADC is implemented in a 28-nm CMOS process and achieves a signal-to-noise and distortion ratio of 65.37 dB, a bandwidth of 75 MHz at a sampling rate of 600 MHz, and a power consumption of 4.015 mW with a 1.1 V supply. A Walden figure-of-merit (FoM) of 17.65 fJ/conv. -step and a Schreier FoM of 168.1 dB show that the proposed TINS SAR ADC improves speed and accuracy with good power efficiency.
Novel indoor bistatic measurement facility for full-scattering characterisation of surfaces at oblique incidence

This paper presents the construction and validation of a novel bistatic measurement system for the purpose of accurately measuring the scattering from a centralised target. Unlike previous systems, this bistatic system is capable of a measurement. Empty chamber calibrations are completed to ensure that any unexpected noise in scattering patterns is understood. Measurements of a flat, perfect electrically conducting plate and more complex frequency-selective surfaces are presented and highlight the effectiveness of the system. Finally, time gating is integrated into the measurement system to allow for noise reduced characterisation. Three-dimensional scattering images are plotted using the measured data, with good agreement to simulated results reported on in previous publications.
Statistical Monitoring of Clinical Trials With Multiple Co-Primary Endpoints Using Multivariate B-value

This article develops methods of statistical monitoring of clinical trials with multiple co-primary endpoints, where success is defined as meeting both endpoints simultaneously. In practice, a group sequential design (GSD) method is used to stop trials early for promising efficacy, and conditional power (CP) is used for futility stopping rules. In this article, we show that stopping boundaries for the GSD with multiple co-primary endpoints should be the same as those for studies with single endpoints. Lan and Wittes proposed the B-value tool to calculate the CP of single endpoint trials and we extend this tool to calculate the CP for studies with multiple co-primary endpoints. We consider the cases of two-arm studies with co-primary normal and provide an example of implementation with simulated trial. A fixed-weight sample size reestimation approach based on CP is introduced.
Como exames nacionais de acesso à educação superior excluem estudantes: o caso da China

Para demonstrar como o Exame Nacional de Acesso à Educação Superior (National College Entrance Examination – NCEE) exclui certas classes de estudantes, foram escolhidos artigos de periódicos online com resultados qualitativos que responderam especificamente ao objetivo da revisão que visa demonstrar os meios e métodos pelos quais esses estudantes são mantidos fora da educação superior. As mudanças no exame de admissão que ocorreram após a reintrodução do NCEE, em 1977, – tais como o critério de seleção diferenciada, as políticas de seleção como o sistema de cotas e o tratamento desigual de escolas e estudantes que envolve o fornecimento de recursos e serviços escolares –, levam à exclusão de minorias étnicas e de estudantes do meio rural. Os resultados apresentam uma visão geral do sistema educacional chinês, em particular a natureza de seus rigorosos exames universitários nacionais e a percepção dos problemas que os estudantes enfrentam.
Deep Learning-Based Positioning Error Fault Diagnosis of Wire Bonding Equipment and an Empirical Study for IC Packaging

Little research has been done for artificial intelligence applications of semiconductor backend. This study aims to develop a deep learning based fault diagnosis framework as prognostics and health management (PHM) solutions with a comprehensive analytics process. A linear encoder sensor is employed to measure position, while data preparation is conducted to convert position information into a signal. Then, signal processing is used to extract the features, in which high pass filter is applied to normalize the signal and emphasize the features. High-dimensional features including time domain statistical features, time-frequency domain features obtained by continuous wavelet transform (CWT), and frequency domain features converted by fast Fourier transform (FFT) are extracted to prepare the dataset. An ensemble neural network model that integrates deep neural network (DNN) and convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed to recognize the pattern and diagnose the positioning errors. The accuracy and false alarm rate are considered to support maintenance decisions. An empirical study was conducted in a world leading IC assembly and testing company for validation. The results have shown that the proposed approach can effectively detect inappropriate installation of the bond head in wire bonding equipment for predictive maintenance and cost reduction.
The laminar decay of suddenly blocked channel and pipe flows

This paper is a theoretical investigation of the stable laminar decay of a fully established channel or pipe flow following a sudden blockage such as would be caused by the rapid closure of a valve or imposition of an end wall or gate. The development of the subsequent velocity and pressure fields is examined from the instant the initial pressure wave passes until the final decay of all motion. Three time scales of hydrodynamic interest are identified and the relevant solutions are obtained. The time scales are as follows: (i) a very short time characteristic of the passage of the pressure wave during which the velocity field adjusts inviscidly to the new boundary conditions imposed by the presence of the end wall, (ii) a short diffusion time during which the displacement interaction generated by the diffusion of the primary Rayleigh layer induces a substantial secondary motion with distinct side-wall boundary layers and an inviscid core and (iii) a long diffusion time during which the boundary layers fill the entire channel or pipe and the residual motion then dies out. The secondary flow for short diffusion times is of special interest in that it is an example of an unsteady boundary layer where the external pressure gradient and inviscid outer flow are unknown and determined by the integrated time history of the combined mass flow displacement generated by the primary- and secondary-flow boundary layers. The paper closes with some preliminary comments and experimental observations on decelerating pipe flows.
Comparison of the effective conductivity between composites reinforced by graphene nanosheets and carbon nanotubes

Both graphene nanosheets and carbon nanotubes have exceptional electric and thermal conductivities, rendering them excellent candidates as second-phase fillers in composite materials to substantially enhance their effective conductivities. Their markedly different geometries, however, can have significant effect on the effective conductivities of composites, which we investigate using an effective medium approximation. It is demonstrated that graphene nanosheet is more effective in conductivity enhancement than carbon nantubes, and both fillers lead to substantially higher conductivity and much reduced percolation threshold in composites. The effects of conductivity anisotropy and interfacial resistance are also discussed.