Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A cross-sectional study of severe acute malnutrition impact on auditory evoked potentials in children age 6–59 months

Background: Malnutrition is a public health concern in India. According to NFHS-5, the number of children under 5 years who are stunted (less height-for-age) and underweight (less weight-for-age) in India, are 35.5% and 32.1%, respectively. Many researchers reported that malnutrition affects myelination and neural maturation of the auditory brainstem pathway. Aims and Objectives: In this study, auditory evoked potential (AEP) parameters were studied in severly acute malnutrition (SAM) children of 6 months to <5 years of age. Materials and Methods: Fifty children, with severely malnourished (Their weighted age was 51–60% of the expected weight, and height for age <85% of the expected height) and 50 healthy children (with weight >80% of expected with normal height for their age), aged 6–59 months were included in the study. The parameters of AEPs were recorded using RMS-EMG EP MARK II, a 4-channel machine. Results: In our study, 30 (60%) males and 20 (40%) females had severe acute malnutrition. There were significant differences in the mean latencies of the waves I to V and the mean interpeak latencies (IPLs) of the waves I-III and I-V on the right and left ears between the study and control groups (P<0.05). The mean IPLs of I-III and I-V on the right side were found to be longer in the SAM group than in the control group (P<0.05. While the mean absolute peak latencies of wave, I found prolonged on both ears in the children with SAM (P<0.05). Conclusion: In the present study, severely acute malnourished children showed changes in AEPs characterized by absolute wave prolonged latencies and interpeak intervals compared with normally nourished children.
Detecting Foreground Objects Under Sudden Illumination Change Using Double Background Models

배경 모델과 배경 차분화로 구성되어 있는 전경객체 추출은 다양한 컴퓨터 비젼 응용에서 중요한 기능이다. 조명 변화를 고려하지 않은 기존 방법들은 급격한 조명 변화에서는 성능이 저하된다. 본 레터에서는 이 문제를 해결할 수 있는 조명 변화에 강인한 배경 모델링 방법을 제안한다. 제안 방법은 다른 적응률을 가진 두 개의 배경 모델을 사용함으로써 조명 조건에 신속하게 적응할 수 있다. 본 논문의 제안 방법은 non-parametric 기법으로서 실험에서는 기존 non-parametric 기법들보다 우수한 성능 및 낮은 복잡도를 보여줌을 증명하였다.
Geometrically induced transitions between semimetal and semiconductor in graphene

How the long-range ordering and local defect configurations modify the electronic structure of graphene remains an outstanding problem in nanoscience, which precludes the practical method of patterning graphene from being widely adopted for making graphene-based electronic and optoelectronic devices, because a small variation in supercell geometry could change the patterned graphene from a semimetal to a semiconductor, or vice versa. Based on the effective Hamiltonian formalism, here we reveal that a semimetal-to-semiconductor transition can be induced geometrically without breaking the sublattice symmetry. For the same patterning periodicity, however, breaking the sublattice symmetry increases the gap, while phase cancellation can lead to a semiconductor-to-semimetal transition in non-Bravais lattices. Our theory predicts the analytic relationship between long-range defect ordering and band-gap opening/closure in graphene, which is in excellent agreement with our numerical ab initio calculations of graphene nanomeshes, partially hydrogen passivated and boronnitride-doped graphene.
Spatial–temporal features-based EEG emotion recognition using graph convolution network and long short-term memory

Objective. Emotion recognition on the basis of electroencephalography (EEG) signals has received a significant amount of attention in the areas of cognitive science and human–computer interaction (HCI). However, most existing studies either focus on one-dimensional EEG data, ignoring the relationship between channels, or only extract time–frequency features while not involving spatial features. Approach. We develop spatial–temporal features-based EEG emotion recognition using a graph convolution network (GCN) and long short-term memory (LSTM), named ERGL. First, the one-dimensional EEG vector is converted into a two-dimensional mesh matrix, so that the matrix configuration corresponds to the distribution of brain regions at EEG electrode locations, thus to represent the spatial correlation between multiple adjacent channels in a better way. Second, the GCN and LSTM are employed together to extract spatial–temporal features; the GCN is used to extract spatial features, while LSTM units are applied to extract temporal features. Finally, a softmax layer is applied to emotion classification. Main results. Extensive experiments are conducted on the A Dataset for Emotion Analysis using Physiological Signals (DEAP) and the SJTU Emotion EEG Dataset (SEED). The classification results of accuracy, precision, and F-score for valence and arousal dimensions on DEAP achieved 90.67% and 90.33%, 92.38% and 91.72%, and 91.34% and 90.86%, respectively. The accuracy, precision, and F-score of positive, neutral, and negative classifications reached 94.92%, 95.34%, and 94.17%, respectively, on the SEED dataset. Significance. The above results demonstrate that the proposed ERGL method is encouraging in comparison to state-of-the-art recognition research.
Constrained iterative learning control of a class of non-parametric uncertain systems

A Barrier-Lyapunov-function-based state-constrained iterative learning control is presented for a class of nonparametric uncertain systems. The suggested Barrier Lyapunov function(BLF) is a quadratic fraction, which is simple in form in comparison with the existing nonlinear ones. Through Lyapunov synthesis, the learning controller design is carried out. The nonparametric uncertainty of system dynamics are tackled through the robust treatment and learning mechanism. It is shown that the system state can track the reference trajectory over the entire time interval as iteration increases, while the quadratic tracking error, as a measure of the constraint, is enforced to stay in the pre-specified range. The constrained system state is in turn achieved. The performances of partially and fully saturated learning algorithms are characterized, respectively. The proposed learning control scheme is helpful for the effective protection of equipment in the closed-loop system, due to the employment of the Barrier Lyapunov function. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the learning control scheme.
A Novel Approach and Apparatus for the Measurement and Evaluation of the Quality of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Cardiac arrest can happen unexpectedly in any place and situation. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the recommended procedure to be performed in order to maintain the proper blood supply to the brain and prevent death. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is commonly taught during first- aid courses, but most people do not practice it and therefore might not be able to provide proper assistance to someone suffering cardiac arrest in an emergency. People should be able to practice the procedure on their own in order to learn it properly and be prepared. This means having a feedback system to assess the quality of their training. This research experiment developed and tested a system, capable of assessing the quality of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation procedure and tested it with volunteers with different training and experience and showed that constant practice and evaluation of the procedure significantly improve the ability of the subject to administer it properly.
Development and validation of a nomogram to predict protein-energy wasting in patients with peritoneal dialysis: a multicenter cohort study

Background Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is a common complication in patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD). Few investigations involved risk factors identification and predictive model construction related to PEW. We aimed to develop a nomogram to predict PEW risk in patients with peritoneal dialysis. Methods We collected data from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who regularly underwent peritoneal dialysis between January 2011 and November 2022 at two hospitals retrospectively. The outcome of the nomogram was PEW. Multivariate logistic regression screened predictors and established a nomogram. We measured the predictive performance based on discrimination ability, calibration, and clinical utility. Evaluation indicators were receiver operating characteristic (ROC), calibrate curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The performance calculation of the internal validation cohort validated the nomogram. Results In this study, 369 enrolled patients were divided into development (n = 210) and validation (n = 159) cohorts according to the proportion of 6:4. The incidence of PEW was 49.86%. Predictors were age, dialysis duration, glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), serum creatinine (Scr), serum calcium, and triglyceride (TG). These variables showed a good discriminate performance in development and validation cohorts (ROC = 0.769, 95% CI [0.705–0.832], ROC = 0.669, 95% CI [0.585–0.753]). This nomogram was adequately calibrated. The predicted probability was consistent with the observed outcome. Conclusion This nomogram can predict the risk of PEW in patients with PD and provide valuable evidence for PEW prevention and decision-making.
Size of the Electron Microparticle Calculated from the Oersted Law

An attempt to obtain a new theoretical derivation of the size of the electron microparticle has been done. To this purpose first the Maxwell equation for the electron current has been examined for the case of the one-electron current present in the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom. It has been shown that the equation is satisfied on condition that the microstructure properties of the electron particle are taken into account. In the next step, the quanta of the magnetic field characteristic for the Bohr atom and the electron time periods specific for the electron current along the orbits were substituted in place of parameters entering the classical Oersted equation. This gives an expression for the cross-section radius of the orbits not much different than results for the radius of the electron microparticle obtained in a former electron theory
Acceptability of self-sampling human papillomavirus test for cervical cancer screening in Japan: A questionnaire survey in the ACCESS trial

Purpose In terms of medical policy for cervical cancer prevention, Japan lags far behind other industrialized countries. We initiated a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the self-sampling human papillomavirus (HPV) test as a tool to raise screening uptake and detection of pre-cancer. This study was conducted to explore the acceptability and preference of self-sampling using a subset of the data from this trial. Methods A pre-invitation letter was sent to eligible women, aged 30−59 years who had not undergone cervical cancer screening for three or more years. After excluding those who declined to participate in this trial, the remaining women were assigned to the self-sampling and control groups. A second invitation letter was sent to the former group, and those wanting to undergo the self-sampling test ordered the kit. A self-sampling HPV kit, consent form, and a self-administered questionnaire were sent to participants who ordered the test. Results Of the 7,340 participants in the self-sampling group, 1,196 (16.3%) administered the test, and 1,192 (99.7%) answered the questionnaire. Acceptability of the test was favorable; 75.3−81.3% of participants agreed with positive impressions (easy, convenient, and clarity of instruction), and 65.1−77.8% disagreed with negative impressions (painful, uncomfortable, and embarrassing). However, only 21.2% were confident in their sampling procedure. Willingness to undergo screening with a self-collected sample was significantly higher than that with a doctor-collected sample (89.3% vs. 49.1%; p<0.001). Willingness to undergo screening with a doctor-collected sample was inversely associated with age and duration without screening (both p<0.001), but that with a self-collected sample was not associated. Conclusions Among women who used the self-sampling HPV test, high acceptability was confirmed, while concerns about self-sampling procedures remained. Screening with a self-collected sample was preferred over a doctor-collected sample and the former might alleviate disparities in screening rates.
Effects of acupuncture on earthquake survivors with major psychiatric disorders and related symptoms: A scoping review of clinical studies

Background This scoping review aimed to determine the current research status of acupuncture for major psychiatric disorder (MPD) in earthquake survivors. Method We followed the scoping review process described previously. A literature search on 14 electronic databases was conducted from inception to November 29, 2022. Data from the included studies were collected and descriptively analyzed to address our research question. Extracted data were collated, synthesized, and summarized the according to the analytical framework of a scoping review. Result This scoping review included nine clinical studies: four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and five before–after studies. The most frequent MPD type among the included acupuncture studies was posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 6/9, 66.67%). The most frequent acupuncture type was scalp electro-acupuncture (4/9, 44.44%), followed by manual acupuncture and ear acupressure/ear acupuncture (3/9, 33.33%). Studies using scalp electro-acupuncture all used common acupoints, including GB20, GV20, GV24, and EX-HN1. In general, the treatment period lasted between 4 and 12 weeks. Validated assessment tools for PTSD severity and accompanying symptoms were used for patients with PTSD, while the corresponding evaluation tools were used for patients with other diagnoses or clinical symptoms. Acupuncture-related adverse events were generally mild and temporary, such as mild bleeding and hematoma, and syncope was a rare but potentially serious adverse event (1/48 patients and 1/864 sessions over a treatment period of 4 weeks). Conclusion Acupuncture studies for MPD after an earthquake mainly focused on PTSD. RCTs accounted for around half of the included studies. Scalp electro-acupuncture was the most common acupuncture type, and EX-HN1 and GV24 were the most important acupoints in the acupuncture procedures for MPD. The included studies mostly used validated symptom assessment tools, though some did not. Clinical studies in this field need to be further expanded regardless of the study type. Protocol registration https://osf.io/wfru7/.
After Bone Marrow Transplantation, the Cell-Intrinsic Th2 Pathway Promotes Recipient T Lymphocyte Survival and Regulates Graft-versus-Host Disease

Abstract Recipient T cells can aggravate or regulate lethal and devastating graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). In this context, we have shown before that intestinal immune conditioning with helminths is associated with survival of recipient T cells and Th2 pathway–dependent regulation of GVHD. We investigated the mechanism of survival of recipient T cells and their contribution to GVHD pathogenesis in this helminth infection and BMT model after myeloablative preparation with total body irradiation in mice. Our results indicate that the helminth-induced Th2 pathway directly promotes the survival of recipient T cells after total body irradiation. Th2 cells also directly stimulate recipient T cells to produce TGF-β, which is required to regulate donor T cell–mediated immune attack of GVHD and can thereby contribute to recipient T cell survival after BMT. Moreover, we show that recipient T cells, conditioned to produce Th2 cytokines and TGF-β after helminth infection, are fundamentally necessary for GVHD regulation. Taken together, reprogrammed or immune-conditioned recipient T cells after helminth infection are crucial elements of Th2- and TGF-β–dependent regulation of GVHD after BMT, and their survival is dependent on cell-intrinsic Th2 signaling.
Compensation strategy of shoulder synergist muscles is not stereotypical in patients with rotator cuff repair

Rotator cuff tear is a common shoulder injury that causes shoulder dysfunction and pain. Although surgical repair is the primary treatment for rotator cuff tear, it is well recognized that impaired force exertion of muscles connecting to the involved tendon and subsequent complemental change in the force exertion of synergist muscles persist even after repair. This study aimed to identify the compensation strategy of shoulder abductors by examining how synergist muscles respond to supraspinatus (SSP) muscle force deficit in patients with rotator cuff repair. Muscle shear modulus, an index of muscle force, was assessed for SSP, infraspinatus, upper trapezius, and middle deltoid muscles in repaired and contralateral control shoulders of 15 patients with unilateral tendon repair of the SSP muscle using ultrasound shear wave elastography while the patients passively or actively held their arm in shoulder abduction. In the repaired shoulder, the shear modulus of the SSP muscle declined, whereas that of other synergist muscles did not differ relative to that of the control. To find the association between the affected SSP and each of the synergist muscles, a regression analysis was used to assess the shear moduli at the population level. However, no association was observed between them. At the individual level, there was a tendency of variation among patients with regard to a specific muscle whose shear modulus complementarily increased. These results suggest that the compensation strategy for SSP muscle force deficit varies among individuals, being nonstereotypical in patients with rotator cuff injury.
What is the significance of the pharmacokinetic profile and potential drug–drug interactions of long-acting intramuscular cabotegravir and rilpivirine?

Antiretroviral treatments have greatly improved over the years from complex regimens with a high pill burden, multiple daily dosing, and considerable toxicities to highly effective daily single-pill regimens with good tolerability. Another outstanding milestone has been reached with the approval of the first long-acting (LA) intramuscular treatment combining cabotegravir and rilpivirine. After an optional oral lead-in phase, followed by an intramuscular loading dose (cabotegravir/rilpivirine 600/900 mg), cabotegravir/rilpivirine is administered intramuscularly at a maintenance dose of 400/600 mg every 4 weeks or 600/900 mg every 8 weeks [1–3]. Thus, by eliminating the need for daily administration, LA injectable antiretrovirals may improve adherence. Other advantages include the possibility of treating people with swallowing difficulties and the prevention of drug–drug interactions (DDIs) occurring at the gastrointestinal level. The slow release of cabotegravir/ rilpivirine from the muscle combined with the avoidance of the first-pass metabolism will have an impact on the magnitude of DDIs. This editorial provides insight into the intramuscular administration of cabotegravir/rilpivirine, presents available DDI data, and discusses how to interpret and manage DDIs after intramuscular administration.
China special issue on gastrointestinal tumors‐Improved survival after multidisciplinary team decision for patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer: A multicenter, noninterventional, controlled study

Formal multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussions in clinical practice require time and space but have unclear survival benefits for advanced gastrointestinal cancer patients. Our study aimed to investigate the long‐term survival of patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer after MDT decision. From June 2017 to June 2019, continuous MDT discussions on advanced gastrointestinal cancer were conducted in 13 medical centers in China. MDT decisions and actual treatment received by patients were prospectively recorded. The primary endpoint was the difference in overall survival (OS) between patients in the MDT decision implementation and nonimplementation groups. The secondary endpoints included the implementation rate of MDT decisions and subgroup survival analysis. A total of 461 MDT decisions of 455 patients were included in our study. The implementation rate of MDT decisions was 85.7%. Previous treatment had an impact on MDT decision‐making. The OS was 24.0 months and 17.0 months in the implementation and nonimplementation groups, respectively. The implementation of MDT decisions significantly reduced the risk of death in multivariate analyses (hazard ratio = 0.518; 95% confidence interval: 0.304‐0.884, P = .016). Subgroup analysis showed a significant difference in survival of patients with colorectal cancer, but not in survival of patients with gastric cancer. The rate of secondary MDT discussion was only 5.6% among patients who the MDT decisions were discontinued due to changes in their condition. MDT discussion can prolong the OS of patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer, especially those with colorectal cancer. Timely scheduling of the subsequent MDT discussion is necessary when the disease condition changes.
Joint Distributions for Multi-Temporal Series of Radar Images

For a given ground cover class, there is no straight-forward way of expressing the joint distribution of a set of correlated radar images represented in amplitude or intensity. In this article we propose a general transformation method that permits incorporation of inter-image covariance while keeping a good fit to the marginal distributions. This meta-Gaussian approach is studied here for Gamma marginals, and the results of tests on a multi-temporal series of ERS-1 multi-look images are presented.
Sonication as a pre-processing step to alter acid whey generation during Greek yoghurt manufacture

Abstract We investigated sonication as a pre-processing step to reduce acid whey generation during Greek yoghurt manufacture. The generation of a large amount of acid whey during the production of Greek yoghurt is an ongoing problem in the dairy industry and many studies are currently focusing on reducing it. We focused on the use of ultrasonication as a novel approach to minimize the casein fraction in the acid whey stream and simultaneously improve the gel properties. Ultrasound applied before the fermentation modified the structural properties and bonding behaviours of milk proteins, and enhanced the retention of casein in the yoghurt gel after the fermentation and straining steps. Therefore, the use of low-frequency ultrasonication as a pre-processing step may have the potential to provide significant economic benefits to the Greek yoghurt manufacturing process. Moreover, it improved the nutritional and physicochemical properties compared to regular Greek yoghurts.