Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Applications of the theory of Boolean rings to general topology

In an earlier paperf we have developed an abstract theory of Boolean algebras and their representations by algebras of classes. We now relate this theory to the study of general topology. The first part of our discussion is devoted to showing that the theory of Boolean rings is mathematically equivalent to the theory of locally-bicompact totally-disconnected topological spaces. In R we have already prepared the way for a topological treatment of the perfect representation of an arbitrary Boolean ring. Continuing in this way, we find that the perfect representation is converted by the introduction of a suitable topology into a space of the indicated type. We have no difficulty in inverting this result, proving that every locally-bicompact totally-disconnected topological space arises by the same procedure from a suitable Boolean ring. ' It is thus convenient to call the spaces corresponding in this manner to Boolean rings, Boolean spaces. The algebraic properties of Boolean rings can, of course, be correlated in detail with the topological properties of the corresponding Boolean spaces. A simple instance of the correlation is the theorem that the Boolean rings with unit are characterized as those for which the corresponding Boolean spaces are bicompact. A familiar example of a bicompact Boolean space is the Cantor discontinuum or ternary set, which we discuss at the close of Chapter I. Having established this direct connection between Boolean rings and topology, we proceed in the second part of the discussion to considerations of a yet more general nature. We propose the problem of representing an arbitrary TVspace by means of maps in bicompact Boolean spaces. Our solution of this problem embodies an explicit construction of such maps, which we shall now describe briefly. In a given TVspace dt, the open sets and the nowhere dense sets generate a Boolean ring, with 9Î as unit, which characterizes the topological structure of 9Î. Those subrings which contain 9Î and which are so large that the interiors of their member sets constitute bases for 9î, also char-
Holography and its applications

Abstract Holography is a two-stage process of photography using coherent light from a laser to illuminate the scene. In the first stage a hologram is formed by combining the light scattered from the object and the direct laser beam on a photographic plate. In the second stage a three-dimensional image is reconstructed without the use of lenses, by directing the laser beam through the hologram. Applications of holography include information storage, recording of images in depth, the use of holograms as optical elements, and as a means of performing precise interferometric measurements on three-dimensional objects of any shape and surface finish.
Nonequilibrium electron distributions and phonon dynamics in wurtzite GaN

We report experimental measurements of nonequilibrium electron distributions as well as phonon dynamics in wurtzite GaN by using subpicosecond time‐resolved Raman spectroscopy. Our experimental results have demonstrated that for electron densities n≥5×1017 cm−3, the nonequilibrium electron distributions in wurtzite GaN can be very well described by Fermi–Dirac distribution functions with the temperature of electrons substantially higher than that of the lattice. The population relaxation time of longitudinal optical phonons was directly measured to be τ≂5±1 ps at T=25 K.
Polarization anisotropy of individual core/shell GaAs/AlGaAs nanowires by photocurrent spectroscopy

We investigate the photodetection properties of individual core/shell GaAs/AlGaAs nanowires (NWs) and, in particular, their behavior under linearly polarized light. The NWs are grown by Au-assisted metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy and electrical contacts are defined on NWs by electron beam induced deposition. The spectral photocurrent of the single NW is measured and the dependence of the polarization anisotropy ρ (varying from ∼0.1 to ∼0.55) on the absorption wavelength is found to be clearly affected by the core/shell structure. High quantum efficiency values (10% at 600 nm) are obtained which are attractive for a wide range of optoelectronic devices.
Numerical simulation of convection and heat transfer in water absorbing solar radiation

Thermal convection in a horizontal water layer being cooled from above and absorbing solar radiation is simulated numerically at the Prandtl number Pr = 7. Three different regimes arising are investigated here. The first is characterized by intermittent convection, the second by steady-state convection, and the third is convection free. The transitions occur at different values of J0/Q, the ratio of downward solar-radiation flux just below the surface to heat flux through the interface (assumed to be constant), but at almost the same Rayleigh number. The generalized heat-conduction law is found to be valid.
Nomogram for predicting the prognosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients based on clinical characteristics: a retrospective cohort study

Background Based on the clinical characteristics of patients, a nomogram predicting the prognosis of patients suffering from sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) was constructed, which could aid in personalized treatment. Methods Data on the clinical characteristics of patients with SSNHL were collected and statistically analyzed. A nomogram for predicting the hearing prognosis of SSNHL patients were then constructed. Results A total of 356 patients were included in this study, including 227 and 129 in the recovery group (63.76%) and non-recovery group (36.24%), respectively. Univariable logistic regression demonstrated that age, gender, body mass index (BMI), marital, Audiogram curve, vertigo, hearing loss degree, and time to initial treatment were associated with hearing outcomes. Multivariate logistic models showed that age [odds ratio (OR): 0.479, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.301–0.748, P<0.001], descending (OR: 0.116, 95% CI: 0.047–0.275, P<0.001) and flat audiogram curves (OR: 0.397, 95% CI: 0.159–0.979, P=0.045), profound hearing loss (OR: 0.047, 95% CI: 0.013–0.152, P<0.001), and treatment initiation after 1 week (8–14 days: OR: 0.047, 95% CI: 0.013–0.152, P<0.001; >14 days: OR: 0.131, 95% CI: 0.039–0.413) were risk factors for the hearing recovery. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to construct the prognostic nomogram. As estimated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the model had an accuracy of 0.867 (95% CI: 0.709–0.747). The validation analysis confirmed the high accuracy of the nomogram, and the decision curve showed that the model has potential clinical application value. Conclusions This study demonstrated that age, descending and flat audiogram curves, profound hearing loss, and initiating treatment after 1 week of SSNHL onset were independent risk factors associated with a worse hearing recovery prognosis. Using these factors, a nomogram with a high prediction accuracy was developed to predict the hearing recovery rate of SSNHL patients.
The fluxgate magnetometer

Presents a review of fluxgate magnetometry based on a survey of the literature and on the work of the author and colleagues. The theory is outlined and an evaluation of the merit of the different types of sensors is made based on the sensor geometry. The design of a second-harmonic feedback magnetometer is discussed with respect to sensor configuration, frequency response, noise, offset, temperature dependence and long-term stability. Examples of the parameters are compiled from the literature and some new results on the long-term stability are presented.
Occupant Behavior Impact on Building Sustainability Performance: A Literature Review

Occupant behavior controls a building’s energy system to adapt the indoor environment, significantly increasing building energy consumption. Occupant behavior, which refers to the occupancy inside a building and their interaction with building systems (windows, blinds, thermostats, lighting and appliances, etc.), has been largely overlooked in building energy performance analysis. These factors make it essential to design sustainable buildings. It is widely acknowledged in the literature that there is an alarming performance gap between the estimated and actual energy consumption in buildings. This paper proposes a systematic literature review on energy-related occupant behaviors and their implications for energy performance. It aims to better understand occupant behavior, existing behavior modeling approaches and their limitations, and key influential parameters on building energy performance. It is based on a survey of ScienceDirect, Web of science and Scopus scientific databases, using their bibliometric analysis tools together with the VOSviewer software. Finally, this study identifies the following significant research gaps for future development: limitations of the generic and robust occupant behavior model; lack of actual data for validation; lack of research on different types of buildings (institutions, university buildings); limitations of considering all factors which influence occupant behavior; missing the detailed realistic situations of occupant behavior; integrating building information modeling (BIM) into building energy modeling.
Dual-Band $\pm 45^{\circ}$ Polarization Wide-Angle Scanning Millimeter-Wave Array Antenna with F-Shape Feed

In this paper, a dual-band $\pm 45^{\circ}$ dual-polarization F-shape feed wide-angle scanning has been developed for millimeter-wave mobile devices. In order to realize dual wide bandwidth and miniaturization, a two-layer loop patch fed by F-shape structure is used, which covers 23.91-29.93GHz and 36.05-49.64GHz and the overall size of the proposed antenna is only $1.4\text{mm}\times 1.4\text{mm}\times 1\text{mm}$, which is less than a quarter wavelength at 50GHz. The element spacing is set to about half wavelength at 60GHz to enhance the scanning angle in the operating bandwidth, so the antenna is built on a high permittivity substrate $(\varepsilon_{\mathrm{r}}=6.15)$ for further miniaturization and the size of the eight-element array is $21.5\text{mm}\times 4\text{mm}\times 1\text{mm}$, The eight-element array achieves $\pm 60^{\circ}$ and $\pm 55^{\circ}$ beam scanning performance in the low-and high-bands, respectively. It is proved that the proposed antenna array is a good candidate for millimeter-wave applications by simulation results.
Pilot Trial of Workable: A Therapist-Supported Digital Program for Injured Workers

Workplace sickness absence is a major public health and economic problem, and common mental disorders (CMDs) such as anxiety and depression are associated with particularly high rates of long-term sickness absence. Effective return-to-work (RTW) interventions are required. This pilot study investigates the feasibility, acceptability, and potential effectiveness of a new therapist-assisted Web-based RTW intervention (Workable) for injured workers on sick leave for a psychological or physical injury. A single-group open pilot trial design was used, with assessments at pre-treatment and post-treatment. The intervention consisted of 6 weeks of online modules and 6 coaching calls from a psychologist. A total of 13 participants were recruited and 9 completed all questionnaires. Program adherence was high, with 92% of participants completing the 6-week intervention. Participants reported high levels of intervention satisfaction and ease of use. There were large and significant reductions between pre- and post-treatment on measures of depression, anxiety, stress, and workdays missed over the past four weeks, along with a significant increase in self-reported work ability. These results suggest that Workable is a feasible and acceptable intervention for injured workers, with the potential to improve mental health and RTW outcomes. A randomized controlled trial is required to determine the efficacy of the intervention.
Design, Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Novel Selenium-Containing Tepotinib Derivatives as Dual Inhibitors of c-Met and TrxR

Cellular mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor (c-Met), an oncogenic transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), plays an essential role in cell proliferation during embryo development and liver regeneration. Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is overexpressed and constitutively active in most tumors closely related to cancer recurrence. Multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) strategy provides a logical approach to drug combinations and would adequately address the pathological complexity of cancer. In this work, we designed and synthesized a series of selenium-containing tepotinib derivatives by means of selenium-based bioisosteric modifications and evaluated their antiproliferative activity. Most of these selenium-containing hybrids exhibited potent dual inhibitory activity toward c-Met and TrxR. Among them, compound 8b was the most active, with an IC50 value of 10 nM against MHCC97H cells. Studies on the mechanism of action revealed that compound 8b triggered cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and caused ROS accumulations by targeting TrxR, and these effects eventually led to cell apoptosis. These findings strongly suggest that compound 8b serves as a dual inhibitor of c-Met and TrxR, warranting further exploitation for cancer therapy.
Design of Compact Airborne Antenna with Metasurface Structure

An airborne radar antenna operated at X-bands (8–12 GHz) is designed in this paper, which is implement with the help of coplanar waveguide feeding and slotting techniques. A compact size of $50 \times 59 \text{mm}^{2}$ has been obtained. For the sake of improve the directivity, bandwidth and gain of the antenna, a metasurface structure (MS) is introduced, which makes it with two layers. Simulation result shows that after loaded MS, the working bandwidth of the antenna is expanded to 880MHz, the return loss is improved, the maximum gain can reach about 10dB, and the sidelobe is reduced obviously. The directional scanning is realized in the X-band. This antenna meets the performance index of the airborne radar antenna in X-band.
Stochastic models of interacting systems

Interacting particle systems is by now a mature area of probability theory, but one that is still very active. We begin this paper by explaining how models from this area arise in fields such as physics and biology. We turn then to a discussion of both older and more recent results about them, concentrating on contact processes, voter models, and exclusion processes. These processes are among the most studied in the field, and have the virtue of relative simplicity in their description, which permits us to address the fundamental issues about their behavior without dealing with the extra complications that models from specific areas of application would require.
Generalized Likelyhood Ratio based Detection on Cyber-Attacks

In this paper, a generalized likelihood ratio based detection algorithm with a statistical method for threshold setting is proposed to detect cyber-attacks on a unified remote control architecture. Based on an encoder and a decoder embedded on plant side and remote controller side, respectively, not only additive interrupted signal (only effecting output or input signal), but also multiplicative attack signal could be detected easily. Finally, three numerical examples are provided to validate our proposed scheme.
Synthetic Mica as a Monochromator for Long Wavelength Neutrons

A comparison has been made between natural muscovite mica and synthetic fluor‐phlogopite mica with regard to their usefulness as neutron monochromators. It has been found that a synthetic mica monochromator reflects a neutron beam which is from 2 to 6 times more intense than that from a natural mica monochromator, while requiring no appreciable sacrifice in resolution. The interplanar spacing of the synthetic material was found to be 9.963 A, which is slightly larger than that of the natural mineral.
MRI image categorization and identification of brain tumours based on bandlet transforms utilising neural networks as opposed to support vector machine classifier *

In order to diagnose brain tumours more effectively, the research compares and contrasts two algorithms: a neural network classifier and a support vector machine. The data set used for this experiment is taken from the Kaggle open access dataset.A total of 20 number of MRI images used for Neural Network (group 1) it is compared with support vector machine (group 2). The maximum allowed error is fixed at 0.5 and the sample size is assumed to be 20 in each group based on prior findings with an 80 percent G power.80 percent of the photos are utilised for training, 10 percent are used for testing, and 10 percent are used for validation. Performance analysis is completed to verify the more effective methods in SPSS software. The research using Support Vector Machine (SVM) in detection of brain disorder has attained accuracy of 92% and the proposed system using neural network has attained Accuracy (96%) in diagnosis of brain tumor with the significance level $\mathrm{p}_{\unicode{x00A1}{0.05}}$ which gives better sensing performance. The diagnosis of brain tumour disease utilising neural networks appears to have superior outcomes than support vector machines in this approach of brain tumour detection (SVM)
QTL Mapping and a Transcriptome Integrative Analysis Uncover the Candidate Genes That Control the Cold Tolerance of Maize Introgression Lines at the Seedling Stage

Chilling injury owing to low temperatures severely affects the growth and development of maize (Zea mays.L) seedlings during the early and late spring seasons. The existing maize germplasm is deficient in the resources required to improve maize’s ability to tolerate cold injury. Therefore, it is crucial to introduce and identify excellent gene/QTLs that confer cold tolerance to maize for sustainable crop production. Wild relatives of maize, such as Z. perennis and Tripsacum dactyloides, are strongly tolerant to cold and can be used to improve the cold tolerance of maize. In a previous study, a genetic bridge among maize that utilized Z. perennis and T. dactyloides was created and used to obtain a highly cold-tolerant maize introgression line (MIL)-IB030 by backcross breeding. In this study, two candidate genes that control relative electrical conductivity were located on MIL-IB030 by forward genetics combined with a weighted gene co-expression network analysis. The results of the phenotypic, genotypic, gene expression, and functional verification suggest that two candidate genes positively regulate cold tolerance in MIL-IB030 and could be used to improve the cold tolerance of cultivated maize. This study provides a workable route to introduce and mine excellent genes/QTLs to improve the cold tolerance of maize and also lays a theoretical and practical foundation to improve cultivated maize against low-temperature stress.
Rice‐Animal Co‐Culture Systems Benefit Global Sustainable Intensification

Producing more food with less pollution and greenhouse gas emissions is a grand challenge for the 21st century. Strategies to successfully promote win‐win outcomes for both food security and environmental health are not easy to identify. Here we comprehensively assess an ecological rice‐animal co‐culture system (RAC) (e.g., rice‐fish, rice‐duck, and rice‐crayfish) through a global meta‐analysis and identify the potential benefits of global promotion. Compared to traditional monoculture of rice or animal production, the RAC can not only reduce the demand for agricultural land areas, but also increase rice yields (+4%) as well as nitrogen use efficiency of rice (+6%). At the same time, RAC reduces nitrogen losses (−16% runoff and −13% leaching) and methane emissions (−11%), except for rice‐fish coculture systems, which are likely to increase methane emissions (+29%). Furthermore, RAC increases the net income of farmers through reducing cost of fertilizer and pesticide input and achieving higher outputs with more marketable products. According to the development stage of different countries, promotion of RAC will thus realize multiple benefits and aid sustainable intensification.
Enhanced RF response of 3D-printed wireless LC sensors using dielectrics with high permittivity

The development of wireless sensing technologies paves the way for advances in the fields of wearable devices, prosthetics and robotics. Wireless communication between sensors and readers plays an important role in recent Internet of Things technologies. Among many types of wireless sensing devices, wireless passive radio frequency devices including inductor-capacitor (LC) resonators have been spotlighted. However, passive LC sensors suffer from short-range wireless detection, and their fabrication requires several processes. Here, we design a 3D integrated wireless compact LC location sensor fabricated using the 3D printing method for multi-layered devices. The fabricated wireless sensing system shows an increased wireless readout distance of up to 10 cm. In addition, a dielectric material with high dielectric permittivity has been applied to enhance the quality factor of the sensors by 2.5 times with improved wireless detection.
Millimeter-Wave Nonplanar Wideband Wide-Angle SIW Scanning Phased Array

With nonplanar arrangement of element radiation apertures, a wideband and wide-angle scanning phased array based on SIW horn antenna for the fifth-generation (5G) millimeter-wave (mmW) applications is presented in this paper. A wideband array element with six H-plane horn antennas and a six-way unequal SIW power divider is designed firstly. , based on which a 4×1-element phased array is formed with the nonplanar arrangement of element apertures. To achieve high port isolations. , aluminum plates are placed between two adjacent array elements. The simulated results show that the 10-dB impedance bandwidth of the proposed phased array is from 23.6 GHz to 30.9 GHz and a high broadside gain above 17.9 dBi. More importantly. , the scanning range is larger than ± 60° with 3 dB scanning gain fluctuation within the entire operating frequency band (24.25-29.5 GHz).