Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phenotypically distinct neutrophils patrol uninfected human and mouse lymph nodes

Significance The classical view of neutrophils is as circulating phagocytes that are recruited to tissues following infection or injury. Here we show that neutrophils were present in mouse and human lymph nodes in the absence of perturbation. Lymph node neutrophils were phenotypically distinct, with increased expression of major histocompatibility complex II, and predominantly localized to the interfollicular zone, where CD4 T lymphocytes are activated. Neutrophils trafficked into lymph nodes via blood and lymphatic vessels, and were capable of rapidly carrying systemically acquired, IgG antibody-opsonized cargo to lymph nodes. These data support a novel role for neutrophils in homeostatic immune surveillance, sampling circulating antigens and delivering them to lymph nodes, with the potential to activate adaptive immunity. Neutrophils play a key role in innate immunity. As the dominant circulating phagocyte, they are rapidly recruited from the bloodstream to sites of infection or injury to internalize and destroy microbes. More recently, neutrophils have been identified in uninfected organs, challenging the classical view of their function. Here we show that neutrophils were present in lymph nodes (LNs) in homeostasis. Using flow cytometry and confocal imaging, we identified neutrophils within LNs in naive, unchallenged mice, including LNs draining the skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. Neutrophils were enriched within specific anatomical regions, in the interfollicular zone, a site of T cell activation. Intravital two-photon microscopy demonstrated that LN neutrophils were motile, trafficked into LNs from both blood and tissues via high endothelial venules and afferent lymphatics, respectively, and formed interactions with dendritic cells in LNs. Murine and human LN neutrophils had a distinct phenotype compared with circulating neutrophils, with higher major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) expression, suggesting a potential role in CD4 T cell activation. Upon ex vivo stimulation with IgG immune complex (IC), neutrophils up-regulated expression of MHCII and costimulatory molecules and increased T cell activation. In vivo, neutrophils were capable of delivering circulating IC to LNs, suggesting a broader functional remit. Overall, our data challenge the perception that neutrophil patrol is limited to the circulation in homeostasis, adding LNs to their routine surveillance territory.
Chapter 3 Botryosphaeriaceous fungi as endophytes on Terminalia species in Cameroon

In Cameroon, native Terminalia spp. represent an important component of the forestry industry, but limited information is available regarding the fungal pathogens that affect them. The Botryosphaeriaceae are endophytic fungi and latent pathogens that can result in wood stain, cankers, die-back and death of trees, particularly when trees are under stress. The aim of this is study was, therefore, to identify and characterize the Botryosphaeriaceae occurring as endophytes on Terminalia spp. in Cameroon as part of a larger project to identify potential pathogens of these trees in the country. Samples were collected from three Terminalia spp. in the Central, Southern and Eastern Regions and the resultant Botryosphaeriaceae were identified using morphology and DNA sequence comparisons for the ITS and tef 1gene regions. Furthermore, inoculation trials were conducted to consider the relative pathogenicity of the isolates collected. The majority of isolates (88 %) represented species of Lasiodiplodia, including L. pseudotheobromae, L. theobromae and L. parva. The remaining isolates were identified as Endomelanconiopsis endophytica. Pathogenicity trials on young T. mantaly and T. catappa trees revealed that L. pseudotheobromae was the most pathogenic species followed by L. theobromae.
Lattice and string worldsheet in AdS/CFT: a numerical study

We consider a possible discretization for the gauge-fixed Green-Schwarz (two-dimensional) sigma-model action for the Type IIB superstring and use it for measuring the cusp anomalous dimension of planar $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM as derived from string theory. We perform lattice simulations employing a Rational Hybrid Monte Carlo (RHMC) algorithm and a Wilson-like fermion discretization. In this preliminary study, we compare our results with the expected behavior for very large values of $g=\frac{\sqrt{\lambda}}{4\pi}$, which is the perturbative regime of the sigma-model, and find a qualitative agreement at finite lattice spacing. For smaller $g$ the continuum limit is obstructed by a divergence. We also detect a phase in the fermion determinant, whose origin we explain, which for small $g$ leads to a sign problem not treatable via standard reweigthing. Results presented here are discussed thoroughly in~\cite{toappear}.
Matching the Efficiency Gains of the Logistic Regression Estimator While Avoiding its Interpretability Problems, in Randomized Trials

Adjusting for prognostic baseline variables can lead to improved power in randomized trials. For binary outcomes, a logistic regression estimator is commonly used for such adjustment. This has resulted in substantial efficiency gains in practice, e.g., gains equivalent to reducing the required sample size by 20–28% were observed in a recent survey of traumatic brain injury trials. Robinson and Jewell (1991) proved that the logistic regression estimator is guaranteed to have equal or better asymptotic efficiency compared to the unadjusted estimator (which ignores baseline variables). Unfortunately, the logistic regression estimator has the following dangerous vulnerabilities: it is only interpretable when the treatment effect is identical within every stratum of baseline covariates; also, it is inconsistent under model misspecification, which is virtually guaranteed when the baseline covariates are continuous or categorical with many levels. An open problem was whether there exists an equally powerful, covariate-adjusted estimator with no such vulnerabilities, i.e., one that (i) is interpretable and consistent without requiring any model assumptions, and (ii) matches the efficiency gains of the logistic regression estimator. Such an estimator would provide the best of both worlds: interpretability and consistency under no model assumptions (like the unadjusted estimator) and power gains from covariate adjustment (that match the logistic regression estimator). We prove a new asymptotic result showing that, surprisingly, there are simple estimators satisfying the above properties. We argue that these rarely used estimators have substantial advantages over the more commonly used logistic regression estimator for covariate adjustment in randomized trials with binary outcomes. Though our focus is binary outcomes and logistic regression models, our results extend to a large class of generalized linear models.
IgG4-Producing MALT Lymphoma in the Renal Hilum

IgG4-related disease is diagnosed when both the elevation of the serum IgG4 level and invasion of IgG4-positive interstitial cells and sclerosis to a tumor are noted. Some cases have demonstrated malignant disease. In the head and neck lesion in particular, IgG4-producing mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma has arisen during the treatment of IgG4-related disease. We herein report the first case of IgG4-producing MALT lymphoma during the treatment of IgG4-related disease in the renal hilum. A 79-year-old man was being followed for autoimmune pancreatitis and IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis. During follow-up, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography detected a mass in the renal hilum, so he was referred to our department for a further examination. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography detected a standard uptake of 9.7, and the tumor size was gradually increasing. Due to these findings, laparoscopic nephro-ureterectomy was performed. A pathological examination revealed IgG4-producing marginal zone B cell lymphoma. We herein report a rare case of IgG4-producing B cell lymphoma in the renal hilum.
Introduction to veterinary genetics

Preface. Preface to the 1st Edition. Acknolwledgments. 1. Basic Genetics. 2. Molecular Biology. 3. Single-gene Disorders. 4. Chromosomal Aberrations. 5. Single Genes in Populations. 6. Familial Disorders Not Due to a Single Gene. 7. Is it Inherited? 8. Immunogenetics. 9. Pharmacogenetics. 10. Hosts, Parasites, and Pathogens. 11. Single Genes in Animal Breeding. 12. Relationship and Inbreeding. 13. Quantitative Variation. 14. Selection Between Populations. 15. Selection Within Populations. 16. Breed Structure. 17. Crossing. 18. Selection and Regular Crossing. 19. Biotechnology and the Future. 20. Conservation Genetics. 21. Genetic and Environmental Control of Inherited Disorders. Index.
The abundance of phytophilous invertebrates on different species of submerged macrophytes

SUMMARY. 1. We tested Krecker's model (1939) which states that the abundance of invertebrates per unit macrophyte biomass varies with plant species and is higher on plants with finely dissected leaves than on plants with broad leaves. The abundance of invertebrates was measured in thirteen lacustrine macrophyte beds in southern Quebec, Canada. The model was tested for the total abundance of invertebrates and for the abundances of Chironomidae, Cladocera, Cyclopoida, Gastropoda, Hydracarina, Ostracoda and Trichoptera. 2. More epiphytic invertebrates were found on the dissected Myriophyllum spp. than on the broad-leaved Potamogeton amplifolius Tuckerm, P. robbinsii Oakes and Vallisneria americana Michx. (P<0.01). More invertebrates were also found on P. amplifolius than on P. robbinsii or V. americana (P<0.01). The total abundance of invertebrates was not systematically related to the degree of plant dissection. 3. The abundances of Chironomidae, Cladocera, Cyclopoida, Gastropoda, Hydracarina, Ostracoda and Trichoptera varied on different plant species (P<0.01). Contrary to Krecker's hypothesis, however, macrophytes with finely dissected leaves (Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriophyllum spp.) did not in general support more invertebrates per unit plant biomass than plants with large leaves (Potamogeton amplifolius, P. robbinsii and Vallisneria americana).
The interaction of genes U and P in the making up of “Hinode” pattern in Bombyx mori

”. inode” larval pattern with black colour is a simple dominant character for normal-marking in silk worm, and the symbol U is given to this pattern by Hashimoto (1941). In this experiment “Hinode” pattern was crossed with plain (p). F1 had “Hinode” pattern, and when backcrossed with plain, gave “Hinode” pattern, normal-marking, grey side pattern and plain in the ratio of 1:1:1:1.The new character, grey side pattern, is developed in the skin of larva with grey colour, longitudinally from mesothorax to the 6th-8th abdominal segments, between the subdorsal and supraspiracular line from the 3rd to the 5th larval stages, and diluted from the 5th stage. Similar digenic segregation is also found in the hybrids between segregates with grey side pattern and normal-marking in that backcross. “Hinode” pattern is, therefore, formed with the interaction of both dominant genes U and P, whereas grey side pattern is brought about by the gene U only.
Implication of quality uncertainty on market exchange: The case of seed industry in Kilolo district, Tanzania.

An increasing demand of agricultural intensification and value addition necessitates the use of improved inputs such as improved seed. Smallholder farmers contribute about 70% of agricultural production in Tanzania. Agriculture sector in Tanzania contributes about 24.1% of the GDP, 30% of exports and 65% of industrial raw materials. Thus, agriculture development, economic growth and industrialization are inseparable. Due to the nature of the product, smallholder farmers cannot judge the overall excellence of seed at the time of buying. This paper assessed quality uncertainty in maize and vegetable seed and its implication for market exchange between farmers and seed sellers in Kilolo district, Iringa Tanzania. The study used a random sample of 130 smallholder farmers and representatives from ten seed companies. Asymmetric information prevails between the two trading sides i.e. sellers and buyers leading into quality uncertainty. Moreover, product augmentation is profoundly overlooked whereby most of seed companies have not augmented their products. Because an improved seed is a quintessential example of an experience good, quality uncertainty of some crop varieties under field conditions favored some seed brands to be used more by farmers compared to others. This paper offers a thorough deduction on quality uncertainty under farmers’ field condition and its implication on market exchange. It adds information in the body of knowledge on how an improved seed can contribute to sustainable production of food and industrial raw materials, which is a step towards desired industrialization agenda in Tanzania.
The Case of the Caldwell Mound: A Woodland Period Mound in the Central Scioto River Valley

ABSTRACT This article presents a reconstruction and analysis of the Caldwell Mound located in the central Scioto River valley of southern Ohio. The mound contained a log tomb, at least four burials, and associated funerary objects. Four AMS radiocarbon dates place the Caldwell Mound within the last century BC and first century AD, and the mound contains evidence of practices historically associated with “Adena” and “Hopewell. ” Few other records exist from this period in the region despite it experiencing perhaps some of the most dramatic socioreligious transformations in precolumbian North America. This analysis documents early evidence for the diversification and segregation of leadership roles based on the interpretation of three buried individuals. It also demonstrates the utility and efficacy of working with amateur-produced records and collections, even when incomplete, to reconstruct and glean insight from important Woodland period sites.
Obesity and body composition in man and woman: associated diseases and new role of gut microbiota.

BACKGROUND Obesity is now recognized as a worldwide health issue and has reached epidemic proportions, affecting both developed and developing countries. The World Obesity Federation stated that "Obesity is a chronic relapsing disease process": as a result, obesity has been recognized internationally as a chronic disease. The primary cause of the metabolic syndrome and increase of the cardiovascular risk has been identified in "sick fat", a condition then defined as adiposopathy. Heart attacks, strokes, renal failures are pathologies that have mid-risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes, which in turn are caused by obesity, whose primary risk factor is represented by the diet. The aim of the present review is to consider the importance of body composition, together with a chronic inflammation and a new gut microbiota data that may turn out to be crucial elements of some target treatment of human obesity. METHODS In this review we performed a research using PubMed database reviewing the evidence in literature of evidence information regarding the linked between obesity and body composition in develop of metabolic disease via inflammation markers and in particular the new role exerted by gut microbiota. RESULTS Several papers were evaluated searching for differences in the fat mass and disease risk. We also identified same papers dealing with differences in body composition and metabolic syndrome. Our attention it was focusing also on a new frontier of gut microbiota composition in the body weight decrease and anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSION To the saving of lean mass, for the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases, also considering the relationship with obesity, it is necessary to reduce the inflammatory state, acting on the gut-microbiota and on the intestinal permeability. To improve the health of the intestinal flora we propose a 4P medicine and treatment with: probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and polyphenols.
Capsaicinoides y preferencia de uso en diferentes morfotipos de Chile (Capsicum annuum L.) del centro-oriente de Yucatán

Con base en la diversidad morfologica de chile Capsicum annuum de la region centro-oriente de Yucatan, se uso cromatografia liquida de alta resolucion (HPLC), para determinar el contenido de capsaicina y dihidrocapsaicina en 19 poblaciones de nueve morfotipos de C. annuum L. conocidos como Xcat ik (3), Sukurre (1), Ya'x ik (4), Dulce (5), Picopaloma (1) y Chowak (2); de C. annuum var. aviculare (Dierb.) el tipo Ma'x ik (1); y el Habanero (1) de C. chinense Jacq. ; ademas, una poblacion de C. annuum L. , llamado Bobo. El contenido (µg g-----1) de ambos compuestos vario entre y dentro de poblaciones: 42.42 de capsaicina y 58.85 de dihidrocapsaicina en chile Dulce; 204.72 y 372.24 en Bobo; 748.43 y 831.3 en Xcat ik; 1415.02 y 1317.43 en Chowak; 1777.61 y 1810.94 en Ya'x ik; 2438.86 y 1621.23 en Habanero; 2456.42 y 1928.00 en Picopaloma; 3584.27 y 1707.35 en Ma'x ik; 2930.54 y 4355.55 en Sukurre. Los morfotipos mas picantes fueron Ma'x ik y Sukurre, y los menos Bobo y Dulce. La poblacion de chile Habanero tuvo bajo contenido de capsaicinoides. El morfotipo Ya'x ik, el mas utilizado en Yaxcaba, Yucatan, para elaborar platillos como el relleno negro, chimole de frijol o de cerdo y algunas salsas, presento un picor intermedio. Los morfotipos mas picantes (Habanero y Ma'x ik) se usan principalmente para preparar salsas con base en el fruto asado. El morfotipo Dulce se utiliza para condimentar guisos como el escabeche de pavo o para ser rellenado con carne molida de cerdo. El Xcat ik se usa principalmente para condimentar platillos elaborados con caldo, como el escabeche de pavo. La variacion en el contenido de capsaicina y dihidrocapsaicina de los morfotipos analizados tuvo fuerte asociacion con usos especificos para cocinar.
Universality of the Hurwitz zeta-function on the half plane of absolute convergence

Let $K$ be a compact set with connected complement on the half-plane Re$(s)>0$, and let $f$ be a continuous function on $K$ which is analytic in its interior. We prove that for any parameter $0 0$, where $\zeta(s,\alpha)$ denote the Hurwitz zeta-function. This is the first known universality result that is also known to hold for the Hurwitz zeta-function with an algebraic irrational parameter.
Exploring Texture Ensembles by EÆcient Markov Chain Monte Carlo

This article presents a mathematical de(cid:12)nition of texture { the Julesz ensemble (cid:10)(h), which is the set of all images (de(cid:12)ned on Z 2 ) that share identical statistics h. Then texture modeling is posed as an inverse problem: given a set of images sampled from an unknown Julesz ensemble (cid:10)(h(cid:3)), we search for the statistics h(cid:3) which de(cid:12)ne the ensemble. A Julesz ensemble (cid:10)(h) has an associated probability distribution q(I;h), which is uniform over the images in the ensemble and has zero probability outside. In a companion paper[32], q(I;h) is shown to be the limit distribution of the FRAME (Filter, Random Field, And Minimax Entropy) model[35] as the image lattice (cid:3) ! Z 2 . This conclusion establishes the intrinsic link between the scienti(cid:12)c de(cid:12)nition of texture on Z 2 and the mathematical models of texture on (cid:12)nite lattices. It brings two advantages to computer vision. 1). The engineering practice of synthesizing texture images by matching statistics has been put on a mathematical foundation. 2). We are released from the burden of learning the expensive FRAME model in feature pursuit, model selection and texture synthesis. In this paper, an eÆcient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is proposed for sampling Julesz ensembles. The algorithm generates random texture images by moving along the directions of (cid:12)lter coeÆcients and thus extends the traditional single site Gibbs sampler. This paper also compares four popular statistical measures in the literature, namely, moments, recti(cid:12)ed functions, marginal histograms and joint histograms of linear (cid:12)lter responses in terms of their descriptive abilities. Our experiments suggest that a small number of bins in marginal histograms are suÆcient for capturing a variety of texture patterns. We illustrate our theory and algorithm by successfully synthesizing a number of natural textures. and joint histograms of Gabor (cid:12)lter responses. Our experiments show that moments and recti(cid:12)ed functions are not suÆcient for texture modeling. We shall also pursue the minimum set of statistics that can describe texture patterns, and our experiments demonstrate that a small number of bins in the marginal histograms are suÆcient for capturing a variety texture patterns, so the full joint histogram appears to be an over-(cid:12)t. We demonstrate our theory and algorithm by synthesizing many natural textures.
Convection in Conditionally Unstable Atmosphere

The analysis has shown that if the stratification is unstable for ascending motion over an infinite area and stable for descending motion, and small random perturbations of various scales are introduced, the final disturbance evolved will have the dimension of a cumulus cloud. The stable stratification in the descending region has the effect of increasing the critical lapse-rate and narrowing the ascending region and making the descending motion widespread, so that the centers of the ascending regions are further apart. The distance estimated from the theoretical analysis agrees favorably with those obtained from satellite observations. The distributions of the various perturbation quantities pertaining to a circular symmetrical disturbance have been obtained. They show many resemblances to the corresponding distributions in tropical storms. Since the main source of energy of the mature tropical storms is the latent heat of condensation, it is really tempting to attribute the formation of these large-scale disturbances directly to convection in conditionally unstable air. However, the analysis shows that some organizing mechanisms are needed in order to channel the release of the energy of unstable stratification into a large scale circulation. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1961. tb00107.x