Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting quantum critical points at finite temperature via quantum teleportation

We show that the quantum teleportation protocol is a powerful tool to study quantum phase transitions (QPTs) at finite temperatures. We consider a pair of spins from an infinite spin-1/2 chain (XXZ model) in equilibrium with a reservoir at temperature T as the resource used by Alice and Bob to implement the teleportation protocol. We show that the efficiency of this pair of spins to teleport a qubit is drastically affected after we cross a quantum critical point (QCP), even for high values of T. Also, we show that the present tool is as sharp as quantum discord (QD) to spotlight a QCP, where QD is the best finite T QCP detector known to date. Contrary to QD, however, we show that the present tool is easier to compute theoretically and has a direct experimental and operational meaning.
PrivGraph: Differentially Private Graph Data Publication by Exploiting Community Information

Graph data is used in a wide range of applications, while analyzing graph data without protection is prone to privacy breach risks. To mitigate the privacy risks, we resort to the standard technique of differential privacy to publish a synthetic graph. However, existing differentially private graph synthesis approaches either introduce excessive noise by directly perturbing the adjacency matrix, or suffer significant information loss during the graph encoding process. In this paper, we propose an effective graph synthesis algorithm PrivGraph by exploiting the community information. Concretely, PrivGraph differentially privately partitions the private graph into communities, extracts intra-community and inter-community information, and reconstructs the graph from the extracted graph information. We validate the effectiveness of PrivGraph on six real-world graph datasets and seven commonly used graph metrics.
Albatross: A scalable simulation-based inference pipeline for analysing stellar streams in the Milky Way

Stellar streams are potentially a very sensitive observational probe of galactic astrophysics, as well as the dark matter population in the Milky Way. On the other hand, performing a detailed, high-fidelity statistical analysis of these objects is challenging for a number of key reasons. Firstly, the modelling of streams across their (potentially billions of years old) dynamical age is complex and computationally costly. Secondly, their detection and classification in large surveys such as Gaia renders a robust statistical description regarding e.g., the stellar membership probabilities, challenging. As a result, the majority of current analyses must resort to simplified models that use only subsets or summaries of the high quality data. In this work, we develop a new analysis framework that takes advantage of advances in simulation-based inference techniques to perform complete analysis on complex stream models. To facilitate this, we develop a new, modular dynamical modelling code sstrax for stellar streams that is highly accelerated using jax. We test our analysis pipeline on a mock observation that resembles the GD1 stream, and demonstrate that we can perform robust inference on all relevant parts of the stream model simultaneously. Finally, we present some outlook as to how this approach can be developed further to perform more complete and accurate statistical analyses of current and future data.
Infrared spectroscopic confirmation of z ∼ 2 photometrically-selected obscured quasars

The census of obscured quasar populations is incomplete, and remains a major unsolved problem, especially at higher redshifts, where we expect a greater density of galaxy formation and quasar activity. We present Gemini GNIRS near-infrared spectroscopy of 24 luminous obscured quasar candidates from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey’s Stripe 82 region. The targets were photometrically selected using a WISE/W4 selection technique that is optimized to identify IR-bright and heavily-reddened/optically-obscured targets at z > 1. We detect emission lines of Hα, Hβ, and/or [O iii] in 23 sources allowing us to measure spectroscopic redshifts in the range 1 < z < 3 with bolometric luminosities spanning L = 1046.3 − 1047.3 erg s−1. We observe broad 103 − 104 km s−1 Balmer emissions with large Hα/Hβ ratios, and we directly observe a heavily reddened rest-frame optical continuum in several sources, suggesting high extinction (AV ∼ 7 − 20 mag). Our observations demonstrate that such optical/infrared photometric selection successfully recovers high-redshift obscured quasars. The successful identification of previously undetected red, obscured high-redshift quasar candidates suggests that there are more obscured quasars yet to be discovered.
Topology mediated organization of E.coli chromosome in fast growth conditions

Recent experiments have been able to visualise chromosome organization in fast-growing E.coli cells. However, the mechanism underlying the spatio-temporal organization remains poorly understood. We propose that the DNA adopts a specific polymer topology as it goes through its cell cycle. We establish that the emergent entropic forces between polymer segments of the DNA-polymer with modified topology, leads to chromosome organization as seen in-vivo. We employ computer simulations of a replicating bead spring model of a polymer in a cylinder to investigate the problem. Our simulation of the overlapping cell cycles not only show successful segregation, but also reproduces the evolution of the spatial organization of the chromosomes as observed in experiments. This manuscript in addition to our previous work on slowly growing bacterial cells, shows that our topology-based model can explain the organization of chromosomes in all growth conditions.
Can Adversarial Networks Make Uninformative Colonoscopy Video Frames Clinically Informative?

Various artifacts, such as ghost colors, interlacing, and motion blur, hinder diagnosing colorectal cancer (CRC) from videos acquired during colonoscopy. The frames containing these artifacts are called uninformative frames and are present in large proportions in colonoscopy videos. To alleviate the impact of artifacts, we propose an adversarial network based framework to convert uninformative frames to clinically relevant frames. We examine the effectiveness of the proposed approach by evaluating the translated frames for polyp detection using YOLOv5. Preliminary results present improved detection performance along with elegant qualitative outcomes. We also examine the failure cases to determine the directions for future work.
Choline and trimethylamine N-oxide supplementation in normal chow diet and western diet promotes the development of atherosclerosis in Apoe –/– mice through different mechanisms

Abstract Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiota-dependent metabolite, has been shown to aggravate cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms of TMAO in the setting of cardiovascular disease progress remain unclear. Here, we aim to investigate the effects of TMAO on atherosclerosis (AS) development and the underlying mechanisms. Apoe –/– mice received choline or TMAO supplementation in a normal diet and a western diet for 12 weeks. Choline or TMAO supplementation in both normal diet and western diet significantly promoted plaque progression in Apoe–/– mice. Besides, serum lipids levels and inflammation response in the aortic root were enhanced by choline or TMAO supplementation. In particular, choline or TMAO supplementation in the western diet changed intestinal microbiota composition and bile acid metabolism. Therefore, choline or TMAO supplementation may promote AS by modulating gut microbiota in mice fed with a western diet and by other mechanisms in mice given a normal diet, even choline or TMAO supplementation in a normal diet can promote AS.
Reconocimiento de objetos traslapados usando memorias asociativas

Resumen. El problema del reconocimiento de patrones presenta algunas dificultades que dependen del tipo de objetos a reconocer y del contexto donde se hayan dichos objetos. El problema se incrementa cuando los objetos aparecen traslapados, debido a que para el reconocimiento se cuenta con una parte del objeto. Ésto dificulta su identificación debido a que varios de los objetos tienen partes similares. La importancia práctica del reconocimiento de objetos en presencia de traslapes se aprecia en aplicaciones como conteo de células en tejidos dañados, detección de objetos intrusos, conteo de objetos, etc. En éste trabajo se presenta una metodología para resolver el problema del reconocimiento de objetos traslapados, basado en un algoritmo de Barrido Bloqueante usando una máscara para detectar un objeto a partir de sus partes más representativas y haciendo uso de las memorias asociativas.
East coast ocean currents

A three-dimensional barotropic model of the wind-driven ocean circulation is examined and the flow near the east coast of the ocean is considered in detail. The model is linear and has constant coefficients of eddy viscosity. It is shown that a strong current may exist in the eastern boundary layer when upwelling or downwelling is present. No net northwards transport is produced as an equal deep counter current also occurs. A consequence of the downwelling is that the principal interior gyre is prevented from reaching the east coast and a secondary gyre is formed in this region.
A Comparative Study on Ticagrelor and Clopidogrel in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

This study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor and clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). A total of 3528 consecutive patients with ACS treated with PPCI were divided into the ticagrelor and clopidogrel groups based on their dual antiplatelet therapy regimen at hospital discharge. Patient follow‐up visits were completed 1, 6, and 12 months after PPCI treatment. Major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) bleeding events were assessed in both groups. In total, 2501 cases were included in the ticagrelor group, and 817 cases were included in the clopidogrel group. The incidence of MACEs was lower in the ticagrelor group than in the clopidogrel group (P < .05). The ticagrelor group had lower incidence of all‐cause death and cardiac death compared with the clopidogrel group, and the difference was significant (P < .05). The incidences of study end points, including recurrent myocardial infarction and repeat revascularization, were not significantly different between the groups (P > .05). The incidences of BARC total and major bleeding events were not significantly different between the groups (P > .05). However, the incidences of BARC type 1 and 2 bleeding events were lower in the ticagrelor group than in the clopidogrel group (P < .05). The multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that ticagrelor could decrease all‐cause death compared with clopidogrel (P = .021). In patients with ACS treated with PPCI, ticagrelor could significantly reduce the risk of MACEs compared with clopidogrel, without increasing the risk of bleeding.
Cofunctioning of bacterial exometabolites drives root microbiota establishment

Significance Inhibitory exometabolites produced by individual root-derived bacteria have been widely studied in plant protection against soil-borne pathogens. However, the prevalence of exometabolite production in root-associated bacterial communities and their ecological relevance for root microbiota establishment remains elusive. We characterized exometabolite-mediated binary interactions between taxonomically diverse root- and soil-derived bacteria. Using genetic and metabolomics approaches, we identified the antimicrobial 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) and the iron chelator pyoverdine, which together explain most of the inhibitory activity of the highly antagonistic root-associated Pseudomonas brassicacearum. Microbiota reconstitution experiments with a defined bacterial community revealed their cofunctioning as root competence determinants by specifically affecting root microbiota establishment. In natural environments, these exometabolites likely serve as adaptive traits contributing to pseudomonad pervasiveness throughout the root microbiota.
Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Infants: Outcomes and Predictors of Mortality

Background Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (E-CPR) plays an indispensable role when resuscitation fails; however, extracorporeal life support (ECLS) in infants is different from that in adults. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of E-CPR in infants. Methods A single-center retrospective study was conducted, analyzing 51 consecutive patients (age <1 year) who received E-CPR for in-hospital cardiac arrest between 2010 and 2021. Results The median age and body weight was 51 days (interquartile range [IQR], 17–111 days) and 3.4 kg (IQR, 2.9–5.1 kg), respectively. The cause of arrest was cardiogenic in 45 patients (88.2%), and 48 patients (94.1%) had congenital cardiac anomalies. The median conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (C-CPR) time before the initiation of ECLS was 77 minutes (IQR, 61–103 minutes) and duration of ECLS was 7 days (IQR, 3–12 days). There were 36 in-hospital deaths (70.6%), and another patient survived after heart transplantation. In the multivariate analysis, single-ventricular physiology (odds ratio [OR], 5.05; p=0.048), open sternum status (OR, 8.69; p=0.013), and C-CPR time (OR, 1.47 per 10 minutes; p=0.021) were significant predictors of in-hospital mortality. In a receiver operating characteristic curve, the optimal cut-off of C-CPR time was 70.5 minutes. The subgroup with early E-CPR (C-CPR time <70.5 minutes) showed a tendency for lower in-hospital mortality tendency (54.5% vs. 82.8%, p=0.060), albeit not statistically significant. Conclusion If resuscitation fails in an infant, E-CPR could be a life-saving option. It is crucial to improve C-CPR quality and shorten the time before ECLS initiation.
A Ginzburg–Landau model for material aging depending on temperature

ABSTRACT We consider a model describing the behavior of a body subject to aging and fatigue. These phenomena are supposed to be affected by both mechanical and thermal effects. The material is assumed to be viscoelastic where the stress–strain relation is based on a new fractional derivative proposed in Caputo and Fabrizio. The order of derivative is regarded as a new variable whose evolution is ruled by a Ginzburg–Landau equation. The model also includes an evolutive equation for the temperature deducing from the first law of thermodynamics. In this article, thermodynamic compatibility is shown and some numerical simulations are performed.
A Syntax of Substance: a précis

The aim of A Syntax of Substance (aSoS) is to develop a syntactic system that entirely separates structure building from the labeling of structure and to examine the theoretical, and some of the empirical, consequences of this idea. The primary reason to explore such a system comes from a number of problems that arise in the Bare Phrase Structure approach to syntactic representation (Chomsky 1995). In Bare Phrase Structure, labeling is a side effect of the structure building operation Merge: when two elements X and Y are Merged, creating a new syntactic object, one of these elements is chosen to be the label. However, this raises the question of how to choose the label. There are a number of possible approaches in the literature, but none of these is entirely satisfactory. I argue in chapter two if the book that they all have problems in providing a unified labeling algorithm, especially when specifier-head structures are considered. The alternative solution I propose builds on the idea that there are actually no true functional heads qua lexical items. Rather structure is always built from lexical roots via Self Merge or standard binary Merge, where Self Merge is just the sub case of binary Merge where both inputs to the operation are token identical. The structures so built are directly labeled on the basis of a (set of) universal sequences of functional categories (roughly equivalent to the extended projections of Grimshaw 1991). That is, Self Merged roots are labeled with the start of some extended projection, and then that structure undergoes further structure-building operations. Each new structure is built from the previous one and is labeled on the basis of the labels of its immediate constituents and the relevant extended projection. For example, take the root of the word cat, √ cat. It has no category, but may Self Merge, giving the set { √ cat}, a syntactic object distinct from the root it contains. Now this object needs a label. That label can be any category that can start an extended projection. We could choose N, in which case each further structure building operation will elaborate
Clinical effect of magnetic compression anastomosis on ureterostenosis after kidney transplantation

To the Editor: Ureterostenosis is one of the most common complications after kidney transplantation, with an incidence rate of 1.0–8.3% according to a relevant report. [1,2] This complication may cause postrenal obstruction, affecting the function of the transplanted kidney and increasing the risk of kidney loss. As for laparoscopic surgery, open surgery, or interventional treatment, the location and separation of the ureter may be inaccurate, even the ureter damage, the length of the ureter may be not enough, or the ureter may fail to pass through the segment of stenosis for unclear anatomical level, serious tissue adhesion, and special location for operation, thus causing failure of the operation. Therefore, treatment with efficacy and feasibility will be necessary to treat ureterostenosis after kidney transplantation. Magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) is a recanalization method utilizing the attraction between anastomotic devices made of magnetic materials to compress the parietal layer or tissue of the viscera, thus causing local ischemia or necrosis. [3] MCA has been applied in the biliary tract, gastrointestinal tract, and vascular anastomosis preliminarily, with remarkable efficacy. [3,4] MCA was performed in the treatment of ureterostenosis after kidney transplantation based on these advantages that were reported previously.
Impact of body mass on P2Y12-inhibitor de-escalation in acute coronary syndromes—a substudy of the TROPICAL-ACS trial

Abstract Aims Clinical guidelines recommend de-escalation antiplatelet strategies to reduce bleeding risk in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients, albeit with a weak recommendation. This substudy of the TROPICAL-ACS trial aimed to determine the impact of body mass on the efficacy of a platelet function testing-guided de-escalation regimen in ACS patients after percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods and results Patients were randomized to prasugrel (control group) or a platelet function testing-guided regimen with clopidogrel or prasugrel defined after 1-week clopidogrel. The primary endpoint was the net clinical benefit [cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) 2–5 bleeding] for 12 months. Overweight was defined as a body mass index >25 kg/m2. Patients without overweight showed a significant net clinical benefit from the de-escalation strategy, while in overweight cases de-escalation was comparable to prasugrel treatment [hazard ratio (HR): 0.52; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.31–0.88; P = 0.013 and HR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.69–1.31, P = 0.717, P-non-inferiority = 0.03, respectively, P-interaction = 0.053]. The benefit of de-escalation in terms of the risk of bleeding or of the ischaemic events did not reach statistical significance. Bleeding events with de-escalation were less frequent in non-overweight patients but comparable in overweight patients (HR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.30–1.03; P = 0.057 and HR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.64–1.41, respectively, P-interaction = 0.147). Non-overweight patients had lower ischaemic event rates with de-escalation, while overweight cases had slightly less (HR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.18–1.25; P = 0.128 and HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.53–1.50, respectively, P-interaction = 0.261). Conclusion The strategy of guided dual antiplatelet therapy de-escalation was associated with a significant net clinical benefit in non-overweight patients, while the two strategies were equivalent in overweight patients.
Expected goals in football: Improving model performance and demonstrating value

Recently, football has seen the creation of various novel, ubiquitous metrics used throughout clubs’ analytics departments. These can influence many of their day-to-day operations ranging from financial decisions on player transfers, to evaluation of team performance. At the forefront of this scientific movement is the metric expected goals, a measure which allows analysts to quantify how likely a given shot is to result in a goal however, xG models have not until this point considered using important features, e.g., player/team ability and psychological effects, and is not widely trusted by everyone in the wider football community. This study aims to solve both these issues through the implementation of machine learning techniques by, modelling expected goals values using previously untested features and comparing the predictive ability of traditional statistics against this newly developed metric. Error values from the expected goals models built in this work were shown to be competitive with optimal values from other papers, and some of the features added in this study were revealed to have a significant impact on expected goals model outputs. Secondly, not only was expected goals found to be a superior predictor of a football team’s future success when compared to traditional statistics, but also our results outperformed those collected from an industry leader in the same area.
On Invariance of Dynamic CTL Model Checking in Iterative Design of Moore Machine-based System

Model checking is a promising approach to verifying safety properties of trusted computing systems in the design phase of system-level.Dynamic model checking is the model checking in which the model changes frequently along the design process.A serious problem for dynamic model checking is that the cost of re-checking is too expensive due to model being changed trivially,so a key issue of the problem is to seek invariance in order to avoid the checking repeatedly.An invariance is a true predicate that will remain true throughout a sequence of model checking.In this paper,a formal framework of dynamic model checking is constructed,and an invariance theory is proposed based on an iterative design process of flow control oriented systems described by Moore machines.It is proved that some non-trivial computation tree logic(CTL) properties can be preserved in the iteration.