Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First-year effects of broadcast burning on soil infiltration and wettability in southwest Oregon

approved: Soil infiltration and wettability measurements during the first year following a broadcast burn in the Siskiyou Mountains of southwest Oregon, have illustrated the magnitude of the effects of light-to-moderate intensity burning on hydrological soil properties. A prescribed fire near White Creek in late spring significantly reduced soil infiltration for 4 months following the burn, but infiltration rates below the maximum 100 year precipitation event for the area were not observed. The lowest infiltration rate recorded on logged and burned soil was 5.3 cm/hr (2.1 in/hr), but 94% of all the observations ranged between 9.0 and 11.4 cm/hr (3.5 and 4.5 in/hr). Infiltration rates recorded on logged and unburned soil were greater than 11.2 cm/hr. Broadcast burning caused hydrophobic substances in the litter and duff layers to become volatilized, subsequent condensation of these substances on soil particles located in the 0-Scm depth of soil. A total of 25% of the exposed mineral soil surface in the burned section was water repellent 9 days after burning, but this was reduced to 6% within five months. Some naturally-occurring water repellency existed in the unburned condition, yet the greatest percentage recorded was only 1% in August, when soils were at their driest. In assessing the wetting difficulties of a soil sample, the measurement of an apparent liquid-solid contact angle was more consistent than obtaining water drop penetration times. The penetration time of a water drop is dependent on the wetting difficulties and pore geometry of the soil directly beneath it, therefore measurements were highly variable for any one soil sample. Regression models correlated infiltration rates with soil contact angles in the burned section. Association was strongest (r2 = .93) for infiltration rates obtained on unsaturated soils in which attraction forces between the soil particles and water molecules predominate. Since this attraction is inversely related to the liquid-solid contact angle, infiltration rates decreased with increases in the liquid-solid contact angle. During the summer, residual vegetation in the unburned section significantly reduced percent soil moisture below levels recorded in the burned condition. Increased precipitation and lower evapotranspiration demands, combined with rapid growth of resprouting and invading vegetation in the burned section during early fall, probably led to soil moisture becoming nearly equal in both conditions by mid-fall. Supplemental hydrological soil measurements, collected 33 days after a moderate intensity broadcast burn at Shan Creek, did not markedly differ from those obtained 44 days after the light-tomoderate intensity burn at White creek. Although Shan Creek did have a greater percentage of water repellent soil (52% vs. 12%), there was not a significant difference between infiltration rates obtained at
Big Five Personality Traits and Psychological Resilience as Predictors of Fear of Corona pandemic (COVID-19) among University Students

Objective: The study aims to determine the levels of fear of the (COVID-19) pandemic and the relative contribution of psychological resilience and the big five personality factors for predicting the fear of COVID-19. Methods: The psychological resilience scale, the scale of the five major factors of personality, and the scale of fear of the Corona pandemic were used in this study. The study sample consisted of (215) male and female students in the faculties of Education, Arts, and Humanities at Suez Canal University, Egypt. Results: The results indicated that (69.30%) suffer from fear of the Corona pandemic (COVID-19) in a medium to large degree. There is a statistically significant positive correlation between fear of the Corona pandemic and both the dimension of neuroticism, and the dimension of commitment and care for psychological resilience. The results also showed a statistically significant negative correlation between fear of the Corona pandemic and both the dimension of conscientiousness and the dimension of optimism and perseverance to psychological resilience. Furthermore, there were negative effects of both the dimension of optimism and perseverance to psychological resilience and the dimension of conscientiousness on fear of the Corona pandemic. Finally, the results showed positive effects of both the dimension of commitment and care for psychological resilience and the dimension of neuroticism on fear of the Corona pandemic. Conclusions: This study recommends developing the awakening of conscience and psychological resilience to reduce the fear of the Corona pandemic by preparing psychological programs
Genotoxin-producing Salmonella enterica induces tissue-specific types of DNA damage and DNA damage response outcomes

Introduction Typhoid toxin-expressing Salmonella enterica causes DNA damage in the intestinal mucosa in vivo, activating the DNA damage response (DDR) in the absence of inflammation. To understand whether the tissue microenvironment constrains the infection outcome, we compared the immune response and DDR patterns in the colon and liver of mice infected with a genotoxigenic strain or its isogenic control strain. Methods In situ spatial transcriptomic and immunofluorescence have been used to assess DNA damage makers, activation of the DDR, innate immunity markers in a multiparametric analysis. Result The presence of the typhoid toxin protected from colonic bacteria-induced inflammation, despite nuclear localization of p53, enhanced co-expression of type-I interferons (IfnbI) and the inflammasome sensor Aim2, both classic features of DNA-break-induced DDR activation. These effects were not observed in the livers of either infected group. Instead, in this tissue, the inflammatory response and DDR were associated with high oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. Conclusions Our work highlights the relevance of the tissue microenvironment in enabling the typhoid toxin to suppress the host inflammatory response in vivo.
Malingering Detection of Cognitive Impairment With the b Test Is Boosted Using Machine Learning

Objective: Here we report an investigation on the accuracy of the b Test, a measure to identify malingering of cognitive symptoms, in detecting malingerers of mild cognitive impairment. Method: Three groups of participants, patients with Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (n = 21), healthy elders (controls, n = 21), and healthy elders instructed to simulate mild cognitive disorder (malingerers, n = 21) were administered two background neuropsychological tests (MMSE, FAB) as well as the b Test. Results: Malingerers performed significantly worse on all error scores as compared to patients and controls, and performed poorly than controls, but comparably to patients, on the time score. Patients performed significantly worse than controls on all scores, but both groups showed the same pattern of more omission than commission errors. By contrast, malingerers exhibited the opposite pattern with more commission errors than omission errors. Machine learning models achieve an overall accuracy higher than 90% in distinguishing patients from malingerers on the basis of b Test results alone. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that b Test error scores accurately distinguish patients with Mild Neurocognitive Disorder from malingerers and may complement other validated procedures such as the Medical Symptom Validity Test.
Influences of life stress, anxiety, self-efficacy and social support on social networking addiction among college students in China and the United States

Objectives: Studies on the addictive nature of online social networking activities are emerging, as the usage of online social networking platforms has become increasingly popular. This study aimed to investigate the effects of demographic (age and gender), psychosocial (self-efficacy, social support and life stress), and affective (anxiety) factors on Online Social Networking (OSN) addiction among college students in China and the United States. Method: A convenience sample of 2160 college students (1026 males, 1133 females) aged between 18-25 years old were recruited from China (N = 1035) and the United States (N=1125). These students completed questionnaires on life stress, anxiety, self-efficacy, social support and online social networking activities. Results: Results showed that 24.5% of the college students in China and 12.1% in the United States were addicted to online social networking. For both countries, OSN addicts reported more life stress and higher anxiety than non-addicts. Only US addicts reported lower self-efficacy and less social support than non-addicts in US. Multivariate analyses also showed that OSN addiction was related to female gender, low self-efficacy, life stress and anxiety among college students in the United States. For college students in China, OSN addiction was associated with life stress and anxiety only. Conclusions: The present results indicate that countryspecific health education approaches and interventions regarding OSN addiction are warranted in order to maximize the efficiency of strategies.
Gentle flow control: avoiding deadlock in lossless networks

Many applications in distributed systems rely on underlying lossless networks to achieve required performance. Existing lossless network solutions propose different hop-by-hop flow controls to guarantee zero packet loss. However, another crucial problem called network deadlock occurs concomitantly. Once the system traps in a deadlock, a large part of network would be disabled. Existing deadlock avoidance solutions focus all their attentions on breaking the cyclic buffer dependency to eliminate circular wait (one necessary condition of deadlock). These solutions, however, impose many restrictions on network configurations and side-effects on performance. In this work, we explore a brand-new perspective to solve network deadlock: avoiding hold and wait situation (another necessary condition). Experimental observations tell that frequent pause on upstream ports driven by existing flow control schemes is the root cause of hold and wait. We propose Gentle Flow Control (GFC) to manipulate the port rate at a fine granularity, so all ports can keep packets flowing even cyclic buffer dependency exists, and prove GFC can eliminate deadlock theoretically. We also present how to implement GFC in mainstream lossless networks (Converged Enhanced Ethernet and InfiniBand) with moderate modifications. Furthermore, testbed experiments and packet-level simulations validate GFC can efficiently avoid deadlock and introduce less than 0.5% of bandwidth occupation.
The econometrics of inequality and poverty Lecture 7 : Equivalence scales

4 Subjective equivalence scales 11 4.1 Qualitative questions . 11 4.2 Ordered logit models . 11 4.3 A subjective equivalence scale model for France . 12 4.4 The cost of a child . 13 4.5 The minimum income question . 14 4.6 Linear or non-linear equivalence scales? 15
Non-Abelian fractionalization in topological minibands

Motivated by the recent discovery of fractional quantum anomalous Hall states in moir\'e systems, we consider the possibility of realizing non-Abelian phases in topological minibands. We study a family of moir\'e systems, skyrmion Chern band (SCB) models, which can be realized in two-dimensional semiconductor/magnetic skyrmion heterostructures and also capture the essence of twisted transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) homobilayers. We show using many-body exact diagonalization that, in spite of strong Berry curvature variations in momentum space, the non-Abelian Moore-Read state can be realized at half filling of the second miniband. These results demonstrate the feasibility of non-Abelian fractionalization in moir\'e systems without Landau levels and shed light on the desirable conditions for their realization. In particular, we highlight the prospect of realizing the Moore-Read state at filling factor $\nu=3/2$ in twisted semiconductor bilayers.
The Role of Laparoscopy in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis

Background/Aims: Histological diagnosis between ductal and endocrine carcinoma is imperative in patients with advanced and unresectable pancreatic malignancies because of the different treatment modalities and prognoses. Whenever percutaneous and endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic fine needle aspiration (FNA) fails to obtain a diagnostic specimen, a laparoscopic approach may be employed. Methods: Between October 2002 and July 2004, 19 patients with demonstrated unresectable pancreatic cancer underwent laparoscopy to obtain a cytohistological diagnosis. Results: The mean operative time was 83 min. Laparoscopy showed the presence of liver metastases in 15 patients that were correctly diagnosed by preoperative imaging in only 8 cases (53%). Overall 5 pancreatic FNA and 16 liver and peritoneal biopsies were obtained. In 1 patient the procedure was abandoned due to hypercapnia. In 16 patients (84%) a cytohistological diagnosis was obtained. There were no mortalities. Conclusions: Laparoscopic biopsy of advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer is a feasible, safe and reliable procedure to obtain a cytohistological diagnosis whenever ultrasound-guided FNA fails.
On NURBS: A Survey

teristics of NURBS tha t contributed t o their wide book. ”’ Coons suggested the use of rational polynomials to represent conic sections precisely. Forrest pursued the ideas further and gave a rigorous treatment of rational conics and cubics. ’ On the basis of theoretical works by Schoenberg, De Boor,’ Cox. and Mansfield, Riesenfeld introduced B-spline curves and surfaces into CAD/CAM and graphics.4 Following Riesenfeld, Versprille extended B-splines to rational B-splines. His work in 1975 was the first written account of NURBS. ’ By the late 1970s. the CAD/CAM industry recognized the need for a modeler that had a common internal method of representing and storing different geometric entities. At about the same time. three major groups looked at the possibility of using NURBS. Boeing began developing the Tiger system in 1979. Integrating B-splines6-‘ with rational Bezier representations”. “’ quickly led to rational B-splines (Figure 1). Boeing felt so strongly about NURBS that they proposed them as part of the standard to the August 1981 International Graphics Exchange acceptance as standard tools for geometry representation and design.
Characteristics of the similarity index in a Korean medical journal

Background Journal editors have exercised their control over submitted papers having a high similarity index. Despite widespread suspicion of possible plagiarism on a high similarity index, our study focused on the real effect of the similarity index on the value of a scientific paper. Methods This research examined the percent values of the similarity index from 978 submitted (420 published) papers in the Korean Journal of Anesthesiology since 2012. Thus, this study aimed to identify the correlation between the similarity index and the value of a paper. The value of a paper was evaluated in two distinct phases (during a peer-review process vs. after publication), and the value of a published paper was evaluated in two aspects (academic citation vs. social media appearance). Results Yearly mean values of the similarity index ranged from 16% to 19%. There were 254 papers cited at least once and 179 papers appearing at least once in social media. The similarity index affected the acceptance/rejection of a paper in various ways; although the influence was not linear and the cutoff measures were distinctive among the types of papers, both extremes were related to a high rate of rejection. After publication, the similarity index had no effect on academic citation or social media appearance according to the paper. Conclusions The finding suggested that the similarity index no longer had an influence on academic citation or social media appearance according to the paper after publication, while the similarity index affected the acceptance/rejection of a submitted paper. Proofreading and intervention for finalizing the draft by the editors might play a role in achieving uniform quality of the publication.
Biology of animal lectins.

INTRODUCTION . 237 Biological Functions of Carbohydrates . 237 Classification of Animal Lectins . 239 Ca2+ -DEPENDENT (C-TYPE) LECTINS . 239 Type II Endocytic Receptors . 239 Macrophage Mannose Receptor . 243 Selectin Cell Adhesion Molecules . 245 Collectins . 245 Proteoglycans . 249 Isolated Carbohydrate-Recognition Domains . 251 Mechanism of Carbohydrate Recognition . 252 SOLUBLE �-GALACTOSIDE-BINDING (S-TYPEl LECT1NS . 255 Organization of S-Type Lectins 255 L-14 Lectins . 256 L-30 Lectins . 257 L-36 Lectins . 257 OTHER GROUPS OF ANIMAL LECTINS . 258 SUMMARY AND PERSPECTIVE 258
RWS-Diff: flexible and efficient change detection in hierarchical data

The problem of generating a cost-minimal edit script between two trees has many important applications. However, finding such a cost-minimal script is computationally hard, thus the only methods that scale are approximate ones. Various approximate solutions have been proposed recently. However, most of them still show quadratic or worse runtime complexity in the tree size and thus do not scale well either. The only solutions with log-linear runtime complexity use simple matching algorithms that only find corresponding subtrees as long as these subtrees are equal. Consequently, such solutions are not robust at all, since small changes in the leaves which occur frequently can make all subtrees that contain the changed leaves unequal and thus prevent the matching of large portions of the trees. This problem could be avoided by searching for similar instead of equal subtrees but current similarity approaches are too costly and thus also show quadratic complexity. Hence, currently no robust log-linear method exists. We propose the random walks similarity (RWS) measure which can be used to find similar subtrees rapidly. We use this measure to build the RWS-Diff algorithm that is able to compute an approximately cost-minimal edit script in log-linear time while having the robustness of a similarity-based approach. Our evaluation reveals that random walk similarity indeed increases edit script quality and robustness drastically while still maintaining a runtime comparable to simple matching approaches.
Reduction to the Riemann-Hurwitz theorem in the complex case

Let K = C or R and consider the following enumerative problem : let n be a positive integer and set Nn = n(n+3) 2 , which is the dimension of the projective space Pn,K of curves of degree n in the projective plane P K . Then, given k lines l1, . , lk and Nn − k points Pk+1 . , PNn in general position in P 2 K , there is a finite number of curves of degree n which are tangent to l1, . , lk and pass through Pk+1, . , PNn . If we are working over the complex numbers, then the number sk of such curves does not depend on the choice of the generic l’s and P ’s; as we shall see in § 1, if k is small enough so that there is no curve of degree n with a double component through the P ’s (i.e. k < 2n − 1), then it follows from the Riemann-Hurwitz formula that sk = (2(n − 1)). This is well known and easy to prove; it should provide support for what follows. The aim of this paper is to show that in the real case, for k = 1, for any r such that 0 ≤ r ≤ n− 1 there exist configurations of real points P2, . , PNn and a line l such that there are 2(n − 1) − 2r real curves of degreee n passing trough P2, . , PNn and tangent to l at a real point. Our main ingredient is a real version of the Riemann-Hurwitz theorem. Such questions have raised interest in recent years (see for example [4] ). I wish to address my thanks to the referee for hers or his valuable suggestions.
Measuring IC Layout Effects on Quality and Reliability

Integrated Circuit designers are typically constrained by layout "rules" which can sometimes appear arbitrary. The layout rules are generally accepted as logical requirements for manufacturability. Deciding appropriate rules normally involves a combination of experiments and experiences. Process engineers typically have a very good understanding of the capability of their tools, and they will add margin to increase the manufacturability. This work provides data behind some specific layout rules in order to establish relationships between the design and important quality parameters such as yield & defect density.
Hydrogen peroxide mediates the cell growth and transformation caused by the mitogenic oxidase Nox1

Nox1, a homologue of gp91phox, the catalytic moiety of the superoxide (O\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} \begin{equation*}{\mathrm{_{2}^{-}}}\end{equation*}\end{document})-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes, causes increased O\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} \begin{equation*}{\mathrm{_{2}^{-}}}\end{equation*}\end{document} generation, increased mitotic rate, cell transformation, and tumorigenicity when expressed in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. This study explores the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in regulating cell growth and transformation by Nox1. H2O2 concentration increased ≈10-fold in Nox1-expressing cells, compared with <2-fold increase in O\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} \begin{equation*}{\mathrm{_{2}^{-}}}\end{equation*}\end{document}. When human catalase was expressed in Nox1-expressing cells, H2O2 concentration decreased, and the cells reverted to a normal appearance, the growth rate normalized, and cells no longer produced tumors in athymic mice. A large number of genes, including many related to cell cycle, growth, and cancer (but unrelated to oxidative stress), were expressed in Nox1-expressing cells, and more than 60% of these returned to normal levels on coexpression of catalase. Thus, H2O2 in low concentrations functions as an intracellular signal that triggers a genetic program related to cell growth.