Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psoriatic Arthritis: Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapies

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA), a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory immune-mediated disease characterized by musculoskeletal inflammation (arthritis, enthesitis, spondylitis, and dactylitis), generally occurs in patients with psoriasis. PsA is also associated with uveitis and inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis). To capture these manifestations as well as the associated comorbidities, and to recognize their underlining common pathogenesis, the name of psoriatic disease was coined. The pathogenesis of PsA is complex and multifaceted, with an interplay of genetic predisposition, triggering environmental factors, and activation of the innate and adaptive immune system, although autoinflammation has also been implicated. Research has identified several immune-inflammatory pathways defined by cytokines (IL-23/IL-17, TNF), leading to the development of efficacious therapeutic targets. However, heterogeneous responses to these drugs occur in different patients and in the different tissues involved, resulting in a challenge to the global management of the disease. Therefore, more translational research is necessary in order to identify new targets and improve current disease outcomes. Hopefully, this may become a reality through the integration of different omics technologies that allow better understanding of the relevant cellular and molecular players of the different tissues and manifestations of the disease. In this narrative review, we aim to provide an updated overview of the pathophysiology, including the latest findings from multiomics studies, and to describe current targeted therapies.
A generalization of Laguerre polynomials

The authors study orthogonal polynomials on $[0, + \infty )$ with respect to an inner product involving derivatives that cannot be derived from a weight function. These polynomials can be written as a ${}_3 F_3 $ hypergeometric series and they satisfy a second-order differential equation and a five term recurrence relation. At most one zero of each polynomial is located outside $(0, + \infty )$, the interior of the interval of orthogonality. As a special case Koornwinder’s Laguerre polynomials $\{ L_n^{\alpha ,M} (x)\} _{n = 0}^{ + \infty } $ are included.
Lithium-CO2 batteries and beyond

Li-CO2 batteries with a theoretical energy density of 1,876 Wh kg−1 are attractive as a promising energy storage strategy and as an effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by CO2 reduction and the formation of discharge product Li2CO3 and carbon. This article provides critical perspectives on the development of Li-CO2 batteries as well as a description of current issues and challenges associated with cathode catalysts, electrolyte, and anode for Li-CO2 batteries. Furthermore, the development and deployment of materials to overcome these challenges of Li-CO2 batteries are discussed briefly. Finally, a systematic analysis of beyond Li-CO2 batteries (other Metal-CO2 batteries) as a potential research direction in the development of energy storage and CO2 fixation and utilization in practical applications is provided.
Optical design of the coronal diagnostic spectrometer (an instrument on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory)

The coronal diagnostic spectrometer (CDS) is one of 12 instruments that form the payload of the joint European Space Agency (ESA)/National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), launched in 1995. The CDS was designed and constructed by an international consortium led by the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, United Kingdom. It is a high resolution, extreme UV telescope and spectrometer for making observations of the high temperature outer regions of the sun. The optical system is described and the theoretical performance of the design is discussed.
The effect of quenching on the hinderance of the NbC growth process in a model microalloyed steel

ABSTRACT The effect of vacancies on the evolution of strain-induced NbC precipitates (SIP) was studied in a model austenitic Fe–30Ni–0.1Nb-0.1C steel deformed at 925 °C. Precipitation growth and coarsening characteristics have been investigated in detail by employing high resolution transmission electron microscopy. In general, the SIP preferentially nucleated on the nodes of the periodic dislocation networks constituting microband walls and grew over the varying holding time following the conventional precipitation growth and coarsening theory. Nevertheless, the current results demonstrated unexpected sluggishness in the process of growth and coarsening of the precipitates on the introduction of intermediary population of vacancies by a quenching step added in the thermomechanical processing schedules. It has been suggested that the formation of stable vacancy-solute complexes may reduce the effective availability of solutes for the precipitate growth. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Transport in toroidal devices-the experimentalist's view

In this paper we summarize the present status of experimental tokamak confinement studies. Under quiescent conditions, ion heat and impurity transport can be close to the neoclassical level. Generally, however, radial transport is enhanced by instabilities. There is evidence that anomalous ion heat and momentum transport may be caused by turbulence driven by the ion temperature gradient. The same level of understanding is not reached in electron heat and particle transport. Electron heat transport is characterized by a highly nonlinear relation between heat flux and temperature gradient. Particle transport is strongly governed by off-diagonal contributions. Where possible, the tokamak results are compared with those from stellarators, in particular with those from W7-AS. Such a comparison is meaningful because stellarators and tokamaks share many transport aspects. In both cases transport is generally anomalous, degrades with heating power and increases toward the edge. Bifurcations such as the tokamak H-mode transition are also observed in the W7-AS stellarator. Transport in stellarators, although anomalous, seems to be less confused by additional complexities such as large off-diagonal contributions, profile resilience, disparities between steady-state and perturbatively determined transport coefficients and an isotopic mass dependence in energy and particle transport. Differences in magnetic field and minor radius scaling seem to be introduced by operational restrictions: rotational transform iota is constant in stellarator field or size scans whereas qa generally varies with current, field, or size in tokamaks.
Assessment of Metabolic Parameters in Female Triathletes with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis in Poland

Background: Hypothyroidism is a complex disorder characterized by an increase in body weight. About 15–30% of hypothyroid patients are reported to be overweight. The triathlon is an endurance combination sport that comprises a sequential swim, cycle, and run. Triathletes must withstand high training loads with various combinations of intensity and volume. Adequate body structure, the ratio of fat and muscle tissue, and adequate hydration play a huge role. The aim of our study was to show the potential differences in metabolic parameters assessed by medical Body Composition Analyzer before the initiation of treatment with L-thyroxine and after 3 and 6 months of treatment in females who practiced triathlon and who were newly diagnosed with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Methods: The study group included 32 females practicing triathlon. They were recruited for 10 months from March to December 2021. Analysis of anthropometric measurements was performed using a seca device mBCA 515 medical Body Composition Analyzer. Results: We observed significant differences in FM and VAT before and after L-thyroxine treatment. We also noticed lower BMI levels after treatment, along with significant differences in thyroid function tests (TSH and fT4) carried out during the recruitment period and after 3 and 6 months of treatment. Conclusion: Due to their higher daily energy consumption, further research is needed into the treatment of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in athletes who practice triathlon. Frequent bioelectrical impedance analysis of body composition during treatment can be very helpful.
A Case of Eosinophilic Dermatosis of Hematologic Malignancy Treated With Narrow-Band Ultraviolet B (NBUVB)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is one of the most common leukemias in adults. It has been associated with a number of dermatologic manifestations, such as leukemia cutis and erythema multiforme. Among the rarer of these findings is eosinophilic dermatosis of hematologic malignancy (EDHM). EDHM was originally characterized as a hypersensitive insect bite-like reaction, despite most patients having no distinct recollection of being bit or having any risk of exposure. Typically, EDHM presents as a pruritic, erythematous eruption, often with papulovesicular lesions, throughout the body. Due to its relapsing course, a number of treatment methods have been proposed, but no standard of care has been established. In this report, we present a recalcitrant case of EDHM in a patient with CLL that responded well to treatment with narrow-band ultraviolet B (NBUVB) light therapy.
Spin transfer into an inhomogeneous magnetization distribution

Based on specific examples, we examine the consequence of spin-polarized current injection into confined model micromagnetic configurations, namely a high remanence state known as the S state and a low, though nonzero, remanence state called the Leaf state. Magnetization dynamics is solved in the space and time domain owing to the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation. It is shown that, within model bounds, the S state is not propitious to fast switching under the sole influence of a polarized current, even if disregarding the current induced field, whereas Leaf state switching characteristics become extremely complex as soon as due account is made for the latter.
Favorable Outcome and Safety of Neoadjuvant Trastuzumab Emtansine (T-DM1) in a HER2-Positive Early Breast Cancer Patient with Severe Renal Disease on Hemodialysis Ineligible for Conventional Chemotherapy: A Case Report

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. It is the most common malignancy in middle-age and elderly women already suffering from other comorbidities, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). Being a heterogeneous disease, it has variable subtype-specific outcomes and responses towards treatment. Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression are treated with anti-HER2-targeted drugs. With the advent of newer drugs, the usage of HER2 blockade and chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of HER2-positive early breast cancer management helps to increase the probability of achieving pathological complete response. We herein present a case of a patient with breast cancer with long-standing CKD and on maintenance hemodialysis where treatment with conventional chemotherapy regimens was a concern and managed with an antibody–drug conjugate (ADC), namely T-DM1, in a neoadjuvant setting. The patient showed a favorable outcome, and the tolerance of T-DM1 in this patient was predictable. This is a first-of-its-kind case report, where T-DM1 was used in a neoadjuvant setting for a patient on simultaneous hemodialysis.
LOCAL DENSITIES OVER INTEGERS FREE OF LARGE PRIME FACTORS

whenever this limit exists. Many common multiplicative and additive functions possess local densities. As examples we mention a{n), the number of nonisomorphic abelian groups with n elements, H(n), the characteristic function of squarefree numbers, and Q(n) — co{n), where Q(n) and co(n) denote respectively the number of prime factors of n counted with and without multiplicities. The function a(n) is multiplicative. It satisfies a(p) = 1 for every prime p and, in general, a{p) equals the number of unrestricted partitions of v. Kendall and Rankin [13] established the existence of local densities of a{n) for any given k^l. The first author [10], [11] and Kratzel [14] determined more closely local densities of a(n) and of related multiplicative functions, and investigated the error term in the asymptotic formula for the sum in (1.1). In the case of H(n), the only relevant value is k = 1 and the well-known question of the density of squarefree numbers can be also regarded as a special case of local density for the additive function Q(n) — co(n), since fi(n) = 1 is equivalent to Q(/z) — a>(n) = 0. Renyi [17] was the first to show that all local densities for Q(n) co(n) exist and may be computed from the identity
Spinning modes on axisymmetric jets. Part 1

Linear instability analysis is applied to the slowly diverging mean profile of a turbulent axisymmetric jet and used to predict the transverse structure and axial evolution of large-scale wavelike modes with azimuthal wavenumber m = 1. Comparisons are made with measurements of filtered velocity fluctuations, and of pressure fluctuations, taken in a jet with coherent forcing at the exit plane, at Strouhal numbers St = fD/U0 around 0.5,f = ω/2π being the frequency, D the nozzle diameter and U0 the mean centreline exit velocity. The transverse structure at each axial station is well predicted by linear theory, as is the phase speed and its variation with axial distance. The downstream evolution of amplitude is much less well predicted, presumably because of cumulative nonlinear effects in the experiments, though the inclusion of mean-flow divergence itself constitutes a significant improvement over the theory for parallel flow, and in somecases permits calculation of the wave evolution well into the decay phase without any reference to viscous effects on the disturbance.
A novel surgical technique for cervical laminoplasty in patients with multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy: A case report and literature review

Cervical laminoplasty is a posterior-based surgical decompression technique for the treatment of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) that may improve the preservation of cervical mobility, spinal canal structure, and natural lordosis. Although this procedure is considered to be comparatively safe, with fewer complications than those seen with laminectomy, several postoperative problems have been noted, including axial neck pain, C5 nerve palsy, and failed resolution of radiculopathy. Hence, various modifications have been made to improve the safety and effectiveness of this technique. Here, we report the case of a 74-year-old man with multilevel CSM who underwent posterior cervical laminoplasty in the C3–C7 segments using a novel surgical technique, termed alternating-side cervical laminoplasty. Preoperative and postoperative assessments, including visual analog scale, modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association, neck disability index scores, and imaging data, were collected and analyzed. The results of a 5-year follow-up indicated that the patient recovered well, with no development of axial neck pain. This is the first report of this modified open-door laminoplasty, which we propose may be a better surgical option for preventing postoperative axial neck pain in patients with multilevel CSM. Additionally, opening the laminae on the alternating sides during laminoplasty could provide a flexible approach to complete decompression on different radiculopathy sides.
Detection thresholds for tracking in clutter--A connection between estimation and signal processing

In the Kalman-Bucy filter and other trackers, the dependence of tracking performance upon the quality of the measurement data is well understood in terms of the measurement noise covariance matrix, which specifies the uncertainty in the values of the measurement inputs. The measurement noise and process noise covariances determine, via the Riccati equation, the state estimation error covariance. When the origin of the measurements is also uncertain, one has the widely studied problem of data association (or data correlation), and tracking performance depends critically on signal processing parameters, primarily the probabilities of detection and false alarm. In this paper we derive a modified Riccati equation that quantifies (approximately) the dependence of the state error covariance on these parameters. We also show how to use a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in conjunction with the above relationship to determine the detection threshold in the signal processing system that provides measurements to the tracker so as to minimize tracking errors. The approach presented in this paper provides a feedback mechanism from the information processing (tracking) subsystem to the signal processing subsystem so as to optimize the overall performance in clutter.
The influence of resistance drift on measurements of the activation energy of conduction for phase-change material in random access memory line cells

Temporal drift of the amorphous resistance in phase-change random access memory (PRAM) is a temperature accelerated process. Increasing the temperature will speed up the drift process which is shown to affect measurements of the activation energy of conduction (Ea, slope of log(R) versus 1/kT). Doped SbTe phase change (PRAM) line cells were brought to the amorphous state and were subjected to annealing experiments. First, it is shown that when the temperature is increased by a fixed rate, the resistance does not follow a unique function of temperature but depends on the heating rate. This can be attributed to resistance drift taking place during the ramp. Upon cooling, the drift process freezes and only then physically relevant, i.e., time independent, values for Ea can be obtained, because of the absence of additional drift. The observed increase in resistance as a function of annealing history (for various frozen-in drift levels) is modeled and well-reproduced using a trap limited band transport model.
E-cient AnisotropicAdaptiveDiscretization ofthe Cardiovascular System

We present an anisotropic adaptive discretization method and demonstrate how computational e‐ciency can be increased when applying it to the simulation of cardiovascular ∞ow. We further propose a new adaptive approach which controls the mesh adaptation procedure to maintain structured and graded elements near the wall resulting in a more accurate wall shear stress computation. To perform mesh adaptation for hemodynamic ∞ows, a single mesh metric fleld is constructed for the whole cardiac cycle. Two alternative approaches are applied, one in which a metric fleld is constructed based on the average ∞ow whereas in the other approach the metric fleld is obtained by intersecting metric flelds computed at specifled instants in the cycle. We apply the method to the case of a 3D branching vessel model. The e‐ciency of our approach is measured by analyzing the wall shear stress, a challenging but important quantity in the understanding of cardiovascular disease. The general anisotropic adaptivity based on metric intersection achieves over an order of magnitude reduction in terms of degrees of freedom when compared to uniform reflnement for a given level of accuracy.
Self similar solutions to adhesive contact problems with incremental loading

The boundary-value problem for axisymmetric distortion of an elastic half space by a rigid indentor is formulated. A dimensional argument is used to infer the form of the distribution of radial displacement within the contact circle in terms of the shape of the body, assuming the load to be applied progressively, with interfacial friction sufficient to prevent any slip taking place between the indentor and the half space. This obviates the need for solving a preliminary integral equation for the boundary conditions, as proposed by Goodman (1962) and Mossakovski (1963). The resulting boundary-value problem is cast in the form of an integral equation of Wiener-Hopf type, which has been solved in a separate paper (Spence 1968, referred to as II). The solution is used to calculate stresses, displacements and contact radii for adhesive indentation by (i) a flat faced cylinder, (ii) an almost flat conical indentor and (iii) a sphere. The results are compared with those for frictionless indentation, for a range of values of Poisson’s ratio (iv). Adhesive indentation of a half space by a sphere of radius R rolling with angular velocity ω and linear velocity V (excluding dynamical effects) is also treated, and a value found for the creep 1 (V/Rω in the absence of torsional or tractive forces.
An anonymization-based privacy-preserving data collection protocol for digital health data

Digital health data collection is vital for healthcare and medical research. But it contains sensitive information about patients, which makes it challenging. To collect health data without privacy breaches, it must be secured between the data owner and the collector. Existing data collection research studies have too stringent assumptions such as using a third-party anonymizer or a private channel amid the data owner and the collector. These studies are more susceptible to privacy attacks due to third-party involvement, which makes them less applicable for privacy-preserving healthcare data collection. This article proposes a novel privacy-preserving data collection protocol that anonymizes healthcare data without using a third-party anonymizer or a private channel for data transmission. A clustering-based k-anonymity model was adopted to efficiently prevent identity disclosure attacks, and the communication between the data owner and the collector is restricted to some elected representatives of each equivalent group of data owners. We also identified a privacy attack, known as “leader collusion”, in which the elected representatives may collaborate to violate an individual's privacy. We propose solutions for such collisions and sensitive attribute protection. A greedy heuristic method is devised to efficiently handle the data owners who join or depart the anonymization process dynamically. Furthermore, we present the potential privacy attacks on the proposed protocol and theoretical analysis. Extensive experiments are conducted in real-world datasets, and the results suggest that our solution outperforms the state-of-the-art techniques in terms of privacy protection and computational complexity.
Convergence of the homogenization process for a double-porosity model of immiscible two-phase flow

In this paper, we justify by periodic homogenization the double-porosity model for immiscible incompressible, two-phase flow. The volume fraction of the fissured part and the nonfissured part are kept positive constants and of the same order. The scaling is such that, in the final homogenized equations, the less permeable part of the matrix contributes as a nonlinear memory term. To prove the convergence of the total velocity and of the “reduced” pressure, we use the two-scale convergence since it seems to be appropriate for the problem, even though it would be possible to work with periodic modulation. However, in the final step, the degenerate ellipticity prevents the use of the two-scale convergence method and leads us to use periodic modulation.