Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Taking into Account Sentient Non-Humans in AI Ambitious Value Learning: Sentientist Coherent Extrapolated Volition

Ambitious value learning proposals to solve the AI alignment problem and avoid catastrophic outcomes from a possible future misaligned Artificial Superintelligence (ASI), such as Coherent Extrapolated Volition (CEV), have focused on ensuring that an Artificial Superintelligence would try to do what humans would want it to do. However, present and future sentient non-humans, such as non-human animals and possible future digital minds, could also be affected by the ASI’s behavior in morally relevant ways. This paper puts forward Sentientist Coherent Extrapolated Volition, an alternative to CEV, that directly takes into account the interests of all sentient beings. This ambitious value learning proposal would significantly reduce the likelihood of risks of astronomical suffering from the ASI’s behavior, and thus we have very strong pro-tanto moral reasons in favor of implementing it instead of the CEV. This fact is crucial in conducting an adequate cost–benefit analysis between different ambitious value learning proposals.
Improved assessment of functional severity of coronary artery stenosis by analysis of combined intracoronary pressure and flow velocity signals

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is associated with both narrowing of the epicardial coronary arteries and microvascular disease, thereby limiting coronary flow and myocardial perfusion. CAD accounts for almost 2 million deaths within the EU on an annual basis. In this paper we review the physiological and pathophysiological processes underlying clinical decision making in coronary disease as well as the models for interpretation of the underlying physiological mechanisms. Presently, clinical decision making is based on non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of myocardial perfusion and invasive coronary hemodynamic measurements of coronary pressure and flow velocity signals obtained during catheterization. Within the euHeart project several innovations have been developed and applied to improve diagnosis based understanding of the underlying biophysical processes. Specifically MRI perfusion data interpretation has been advanced by the transientogram, for hemodynamic data functional indices of coronary stenosis severity that do not depend on maximal vasodilation are proposed and the Valsalva maneuver for indicating the extravascular resistance component of the coronary circulation has been introduced. Complementary to these advances, model innovation has been directed to the porous elastic model coupled to a one dimensional model of the epicardial arteries. The importance of model development is related to the integration of information from different modalities which in isolation often result in conflicting treatment recommendations.
PLACE IDEAL FOR AGING CARE: DETACHED HOUSE WELLBEING

As the world's population ages, the elderly experience mobility limitations, sensory impairments, and cognitive decline. There is an increasing need to address older people’s health and life quality. Concurrently, biophilic design has gained recognition as a promising approach to enhancing human health and wellbeing by incorporating natural elements into the built environment. Integrating place identity and place attachment principles into the early planning and construction stages can optimize the benefits for elderly residents. The research aims to find how place attachment could help improve older people's wellbeing. This research examines the cases of detached houses with field studies. It analyses it from the principle of place identity and the dimension of place attachment to make an adaptation and modifications to accommodate specific needs. The resulting concept uses vegetation, the dynamics of wall textures and colours, furniture, railings, and Chinese geometry for creating age-friendly and sustainable environments.
Comparing the Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis Patients with Comparing the Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis Patients with Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) and Non-NTM Infections Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) and Non-NTM Infections

Objective The objective of the study is to compare the Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis patients with Non Tubercular Mycobacteria (NTM) and Non-NTM infection and determine if the NTM and Non-NTM groups are different. Methods Data from the COPD Foundation’s Bronchiectasis Research Registry (BRR) was used in the study (n=1660). Logistic regression, Cox proportional hazards regression, and Kaplan Meier survival analysis were used to analyze the data. Results. The study found odds ratio for having NTM infection for age to be
THE CONSIDERATION OF OPTIMAL CONTROL ALGORITHMS FOR HYBRID RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS

– Hybrid renewable energy systems are usually more reliable than systems that rely on a grid only. The system configuration, commonly used in practical applications, is photovoltaic (PV)-Wind-Battery-Grid. In this paper, the optimal control algorithms for simulation of such systems were analyzed in terms of energy-efficiency and cost-benefit characteristics. The analysis was performed utilizing the typical values
CROATIAN BLUEFIN TUNA CATCHES IN THE ADRIATIC DURING 1999 THROUGH 2001 BY YEAR/MONTH/SIZE STRUCTURE

SUMMARY The weight compositions of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.) catches from the Adriatic Sea during the period 1999 through 2001 by Croatian side are presented in this paper. Catch at weight composition was converted into catch at length using length-weight relationship calculated from published data for the Adriatic Sea. In addition, age composition estimates of these catches were done using age-length key obtained by spine reading. The assessment indicates a strong decline of the older ages groups from spring to summer months. Analyses of the catches made on the monthly bases show that majority of older age classes, that represent the most favourable catches, were fished in the month of April; 45% of the fish sized 21-50 kg and 58% of the fish sized 51-100 kg. However, in the months of July and August large quantity of smaller bluefin tuna we re caught. These findings put reservations on the effects of existing measures to protect juveniles in the Adriatic Sea in which purse seining is prohibited for the month of May. RESUME
A Deep Learning-Based Decision Support Tool for Plant-Parasitic Nematode Management

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN), especially sedentary endoparasitic nematodes like root-knot nematodes (RKN), pose a significant threat to major crops and vegetables. They are responsible for causing substantial yield losses, leading to economic consequences, and impacting the global food supply. The identification of PPNs and the assessment of their population is a tedious and time-consuming task. This study developed a state-of-the-art deep learning model-based decision support tool to detect and estimate the nematode population. The decision support tool is integrated with the fast inferencing YOLOv5 model and used pretrained nematode weight to detect plant-parasitic nematodes (juveniles) and eggs. The performance of the YOLOv5-640 model at detecting RKN eggs was as follows: precision = 0.992; recall = 0.959; F1-score = 0.975; and mAP = 0.979. YOLOv5-640 was able to detect RKN eggs with an inference time of 3.9 milliseconds, which is faster compared to other detection methods. The deep learning framework was integrated into a user-friendly web application system to build a fast and reliable prototype nematode decision support tool (NemDST). The NemDST facilitates farmers/growers to input image data, assess the nematode population, track the population growths, and recommend immediate actions necessary to control nematode infestation. This tool has the potential for rapid assessment of the nematode population to minimise crop yield losses and enhance financial outcomes.
Integrated Diffusive Antenna Array of Low Backscattering

In this letter, a diffusive antenna array of low radar cross section (RCS) is proposed. As an example, an 8 × 8 slot antenna array is integrated with two polarization converters, which is different from the classical antenna+radome structure where the radome is placed away from the antenna. The slot antenna also serves as a reflecting plane for the two polarizers placed above the slot array. The integrated structure diffuses the out-of-band incident waves based on cross-polarized polarization conversion. A prototype of size 152 mm × 152 mm is implemented for verification. Compared with the benchmark antenna array of the same size without the diffusive polarization converters, the radiation performance of the low-RCS array is maintained with a peak measured gain of 23.3 dB. Dual-polarized low-backscattering is achieved in both low and high-frequency bands.
Making sense of dwelling place: A study among urban amazonian children

This paper discusses the process by which children in a low-income neighbourhood in Manaus, Brazil, develop an understanding of their dwelling place. Data were collected using a cognitive mapping technique. Analysis of the data revealed that children’s ideas of a dwelling place vary in physical extension of the areas, from limited narrow milieus to larger ones. Specifically, data showed a distinct pattern of spatial organization, which begins with the house, gradually continues into the garden/patio, the street, the cluster of neighbouring houses, and finally the larger neighbourhood. These physical features coincide with the type of relationships that occur in that particular place, from the more intimate and domestic realms to the more collective and public ones. Therefore, it is difficult to determine how much the notion of dwelling place is related to the child’s relationships with others inhabiting those places and how much it is about the place per se. Key-words: dwelling place, children’s living space, place identity, place cognition Construyendo nociones de espacios de convivencia: un estudio con ninos de una zona urbana en la Amazonia
Relocation of City Raccoons

--Twenty-four city raccoons were radiocollared and relocated 25-45 km north of the original capture site in Toronto, Ontario. Following release, extensive exploratory movements were noted with distances of 2-7 km being traversed per night. Home ranges for adult males ( x = 39 km2) and females ( x = 72 km2) far exceeded juvenile ranges and areas utilized by raccoons in an urban setting. None of the raccoons returned to the original point of capture and mortality of the relocated raccoons approached 50% during the first 3 months following release.
Interrogating the Role of miR-125b and Its 3′isomiRs in Protection against Hypoxia

MiR-125b has therapeutic potential in the amelioration of myocardial ischemic injury. MicroRNA isomiRs, with either 5′ or 3′ addition or deletion of nucleotide(s), have been reported from next-generation sequencing data (NGS). However, due to technical challenges, validation and functional studies of isomiRs are few. In this study, we discovered using NGS, four 3′isomiRs of miR-125b, i.e., addition of A (adenosine), along with deletions of A, AG (guanosine) and AGU (uridine) from rat and sheep heart. These findings were validated using RT-qPCR. Comprehensive functional studies were carried out in the H9C2 hypoxia model. After miR-125b, isomiRs of Plus A, Trim A, AG and AGU mimic transfection, the H9C2 cells were subjected to hypoxic challenge. As assessed using cell viability, apoptosis, CCK-8 and LDH release, miR-125b and isomiRs were all protective against hypoxia. However, Plus A and Trim A were more effective than miR-125b, whilst Trim AG and Trim AGU had far weaker effects than miR-125b. Interestingly, both the gene regulation profile and apoptotic gene validation indicated a major overlap among miR-125b, Plus A and Trim A, whilst Trims AG and AGU revealed a different profile compared to miR-125b. Conclusions: miR-125b and its 3′ isomiRs are expressed stably in the heart. miR-125b and isomiRs with addition or deletion of A might function concurrently and concordantly under specific physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In-depth understanding of isomiRs’ metabolism and function will contribute to better miRNA therapeutic drug design.
Regional review on aquaculture development. 4. Sub-Saharan Africa - 2005

The FAO Fisheries Department conducts reviews of aquaculture development status and trends on a regular basis. This document is a result of such an activity conducted during 2005 and 2006. This review was made by synthesizing National Aquaculture Sector Overview (NASO) from 16 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The 16 countries included, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone in West Africa; Cameroon, the Republic of Congo and the Democratic People’s Republic of Congo in Central Africa; Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania and Kenya in East Africa; and Angola, Mozambique, Madagascar, Zambia, Malawi in southern Africa. South Africa was also included. The production volume and value data have been derived from the latest FAO FISHSTAT Plus database. As part of the review process, a regional expert workshop was conducted in Mombasa, Kenya, in 2005, to discuss the regional aquaculture development status and trends. The report of this expert workshop is also included in this document. The synopsis provided here summarizes the current status and recent advances that have been made by the aquaculture sector in the sub-Saharan Africa region during the last decade and the last five years in particular.
Design and development of a long wave infrared imaging spectrometer based on filter and high-precision runner

In order to carry out the research on the spectrum characteristics and application of target in long-wave infrared band, this paper independently designed and developed a long-wave infrared imaging spectrum system based on filter and high-precision runner. This system is mainly composed of optical system, filter wheel, electronic system, structural system and control computer. After the target light passes through the front optical system, it is imaged on the primary image plane. A high-precision filter wheel is placed on the primary image plane. The wheel is used to switch the filters of different bands to achieve spectral acquisition. Finally, it is imaged on the focal plane of the long-wave infrared detector through the rear optical system. Among them, the optical system consists of two groups of coaxial spherical lens groups, namely, the front mirror group and the rear imaging mirror group. The structural system is the supporting structure of optical elements. The main function of the electronics system is to control the rotation of the runner and provide synchronous signals for the runner and the detector core. The functions of the electronic computer include data acquisition, image display, processing, work control, etc. According to the system indexes requirements, the optical system optical path design, distortion and MTF analysis are carried out in this paper. The electronic system synchronously controls the wheel for triggering and data acquisition. At the same time, the long-wave infrared spectral data processing software is developed to realize the reading, viewing and display of spectral image data and dynamic data viewing. Finally, the feasibility of the system function is verified by the spectral image data acquisition test of the designated scene and the UAV cooperation target. This system scheme would provide technical support for the spectral characteristics detection of military target in long-wave infrared band.
The Role of Serological Markers in the Prediction of Disease Course and Response to Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common gastrointestinal tract disease and can be divided into two major groups: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). These two entities can be diagnosed from a combination of invasive and non-invasive tests as well as a thorough history and physical examination. However, invasive tests are preferred for a definitive diagnosis since the two entities have characteristic features of colonoscopy and biopsy. In this review, the following will be discussed: how non-invasive tests could help detect the presence of IBD, how markers help monitor disease progression, and how the disease responds to treatment. Some of the common markers that are discussed in detail include perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmatic antibodies (p-ANCA), anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), calprotectin, lactoferrin, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), and several other novel markers that are based on bacterial antigens. The best non-invasive tests available for detecting the presence of IBD are serological and fecal markers. Detecting these markers has helped doctors significantly by bringing to their attention the possibility of the presence of IBD. The serological testing can also help distinguish the two forms of IBD since a different combination of markers is elevated in UC and CD. In addition, the symptoms of IBD are non-specific and usually overlap with other gastrointestinal tract disorders, so by finding these serological markers, doctors can proceed with further invasive testing that would give them a definitive diagnosis. That way, invasive testing, such as colonoscopy with biopsy, can be avoided in patients with no suspicion of IBD. The common markers used in the clinical setting to point out the presence of IBD are discussed in detail in this review. Recently, more specific markers derived from bacterial antigens are also used, and their role is discussed, too.
Determination of the fatty and amino acid composition of camel milk, milk powder and shubat

Camel milk is considered an essential source of nutrition and an effective remedy with healing properties in treating several diseases. Shubat, a fermented drink made from camel milk, contains easily digestible proteins, determining its nutritional value. Meanwhile, few studies have analysed the fatty and amino acid composition of Bactrian camel milk, milk powder and shubat in Kazakhstan. In this paper, we used the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method to determine milk the fatty and amino acid composition of Kazakhstan camel milk and camel milk powder and submit samples. As a result, significant differences in the fatty acid and amino acid compositions were observed among samples of raw milk, milk powder and shubat. differences were found in all amino acids. The most representative fatty acids in the three groups were С16:0, С18:0, С18:1n9c, С14:0 FAs. In camel milk samples, among indispensable amino acids, lysine (29.64%) was the highest in concentration, followed by methionine (25.68%). Some polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as С18:3n3c, С20:4n6, С18:3n3c, С20:3n3c 8,11,14 were found only in shubat samples. Furthermore, we revealed a significant decrease in both dispensable (DAA) and indispensable (IDAA) contents in camel milk powder. Meanwhile, an increase in the quantitative content of amino acids has been observed in shubat, especially in threonine (166.86%), aspargine (156.34%), alanine (114.48%), etc. The results provide a theoretical basis for additional studies of camel milk composition of Bactrian camel in Kazakhstan.
Assessing the Efficacy of Test-Optional Policies in Enhancing Socio-Demographic Diversity in Higher Education Institutions

This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the interplay between standardized testing and the burgeoning holistic admissions approach within higher education admissions. We systematically examine the inherent biases present in standardized tests—spanning economic, racial, linguistic, and cultural sectors—and their potential implications for widening socio-demographic disparities. Utilizing the University of California system as a case study, the paper contrasts this with the holistic admissions approach which endeavors to encapsulate a multifaceted perspective of prospective students by factoring in both academic milestones and personal narratives. While this approach emerges as a promising alternative, we also discuss its innate challenges, especially concerning ensuring objectivity and uniformity. By evaluating these methodologies within the contemporary admissions ecosystem, the study emphasizes the urgency for transformative admissions strategies that champion both diversity and equity. In the realm of higher education admissions, the efficacy and equity of standardized testing have long been subjects of contention. Initially designed to provide a uniform measure of student achievement, these tests are now under scrutiny for potentially perpetuating socio-demographic disparities. As institutions grapple with the implications of such biases, there’s a growing inclination towards more holistic admissions approaches that aim to capture the multifaceted nature of a student’s potential. This paper delves into the inherent challenges and biases of standardized tests, examines the nuances of the holistic admissions approach, and explores the interplay between the two in the modern admissions landscape.
Rural-urban migration and fertility in Costa Rica.

The relationship between rural-urban migration and fertility in Costa Rica is explored using data from a random subsample of ever-married women taken from the 1973 census. "Using a regression standardization methodology as a proxy for the assimilation process the results are generally consistent with the established literature that migrants in urban areas eventually reduce their fertility once assimilation to the urban milieu has taken place. " (EXCERPT)
Antifungal resistance, combinations and pipeline: oh my!

Invasive fungal infections are a strong contributor to healthcare costs, morbidity and mortality, especially amongst hospitalized patients. Historically, Candida was responsible for approximately 15% of all nosocomial bloodstream infections. In the past 10 years, the epidemiology of Candida species has altered, with increasing prevalence of resistant species. With rising fungal resistance, especially in Candida spp. , the demand for novel antifungal therapies has exponentially increased over the last decade. Newer antifungal agents have become an attractive option for patients needing long-term therapy for infections or those requiring antifungal prophylaxis. Despite advances in coverage of non-Candida pathogens with newer agents, clinical scenarios involving multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens continue to arise in practice. Combination antifungal therapy can lead to a host of side-effects, some of which can be drug limiting. Additional antifungal therapies with enhanced fungal spectrum of activity and decreased rates of adverse effects are warranted. Fosmanogepix, ibrexafungerp, olorofim and rezafungin may help fill some of these gaps in the antifungal armamentarium. This article is part of the Challenges and strategies in the management of invasive fungal infections Special Issue: https://www.drugsincontext. com/special_issues/challenges-and-strategies-in-the-management-of-invasive-fungal-infections