Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Approche résidentielle des disparités de revenus en lorraine

Les inegalites de revenus des menages en fonction de leur lieu de residence ont connu une augmentation sensible entre 1999 et 2003 en Lorraine. En 2003, les «menages pauvres» lorrains se concentrent en peripherie des aires urbaines et dans le rural. Pres du quart des communes lorraines ont suivi une trajectoire «d'enrichissement relatif» entre 1999 et 2003. L'eloignement (distance et temps) a la ville-centre continue de jouer un role important dans la stratification sociale de l'espace lorrain.
ON THE AGE OF THE SZOLNOK FLYSCH AND ITS POSSIBLE CORRELATION WITH THE CARPATHIAN FLYSCH UNITS

: In the Szolnok tlysch trough, beneath the Great Hungarian Plain, a more than 1000 meters thick clastic sedimenlary series has been penelrated by drilling activity. This sequence is built up of rhythmic, turbidite -dominated sandslones and shales. Earlier, lhe flysch was thought tobe deposited during the Crelaceous and the Paleogene continuously. Detailed sludy of lhe avai lable drilling cores proved that only a few Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene narmo plankton zones are present in Lhe sequence and there is no proof of the others. Evidence was found of the presence of Campanian - Lower Maastrichtian, Paleocene - Lower Eocene, Middle Eocene (Bartonian) and Lower Priabonian slages, as weil as of most Oligocene nannoplankton zones. This noncontinuous development of the Szolnok flysch sequence suggests, that it can be correlated with some of the Central ("Inner") Carpathian tlysches and the correlation with the Ouler Carpathian flysch units can be excluded. Taking into consideration all the lilhological and paleontological features of U1e Szolnok flysch, one can see a gradual change in its depositional conditions from deep-water pelagic, to a shallower, near-shore environment during the time of its fonnation.
Navigating the German school system when being perceived as a student ‘with migration background’: Students’ perspectives on linguistic racism

Standard language ideologies, as a construct characterizing presumably unmarked and stable ways of speaking or writing, pervade all aspects of social life, and schools make no exception. The classroom realities in Berlin, our field of investigation, remain fixed on idealized notions of (White) monolingual standard German. On the basis of eight interviews with multilingual women aged 16-23 who speak German and Turkish, we show how young women who are constructed as having a ‘migration background’ partially align with, but also challenge, teachers’ expectation s regarding their use of German. Specifically, we show that because of their perceived ethnicity, the interviewees are viewed as ‘having an accent’ or ‘using non - standard German’ across contexts. Based on these findings, we argue for a renewed focus on addressivity . Following Flores and Rosa (2015), we propose that in order to value heteroglossic repertoires, a shift from the speakers to the addressees needs to take place.
Biogeographic factors contributing to the diversification of Euphoniinae (Aves, Passeriformes, Fringillidae): a phylogenetic and ancestral areas analysis

Factors such as the Andean uplift, Isthmus of Panama, and climate changes have influ - enced bird diversity in the Neotropical region. Studying bird species that are widespread in Neotropical highlands and lowlands can help us understand the impact of these factors on taxa diversification. Our main objectives were to determine the biogeographic factors that contributed to the diversification of Euphoniinae and re-evaluate their phylogenetic rela - tionships. The nextRAD and mitochondrial data were utilized to construct phylogenies. The ancestral distribution range was then estimated using a time-calibrated phylogeny, current species ranges, and neotropical regionalization. The phylogenies revealed two main Eu-phoniinae clades, Chlorophonia and Euphonia , similar to previous findings. Furthermore, each genus has distinctive subclades corresponding to morphology and geography. The biogeographic results suggest that the Andean uplift and the establishment of the western Amazon drove the vicariance of Chlorophonia and Euphonia during the Miocene. The Chlo-rophonia lineage originated in the Andes mountains and spread to Central America and the Mesoamerican highlands after the formation of the Isthmus of Panama. Meanwhile, the ancestral area of Euphonia was the Amazonas, from which it spread to trans-Andean areas during the Pliocene and Pleistocene due to the separation of the west lowlands from Am-azonas due to the Northern Andean uplift. Chlorophonia and Euphonia species migrated to the Atlantic Forest during the Pleistocene through corridors from the East Andean Humid Forest and Amazonas. These two genera had Caribbean invasions with distinct geographic origins and ages. Finally, we suggested taxonomic changes in the genus Euphonia based on the study’s phylogenetic, morphological, and biogeographic findings.
Adaptive Diﬀiculty with Dynamic Range of Motion Adjustments in Exergames for Parkinson’s Disease Patients

Motion-based video games oﬀer great promise in the support of traditional physiotherapy and are currently explored in a growing number of research projects. With a focus on Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, their therapeutic needs and strong individual diﬀerences in capabilities, this work describes an approach to dynamic diﬃculty adjustments in an exergame tailored for PD patients. The automated ongoing adjustment of the required range of motion, the amplitude parameter, is introduced as an important aspect of such adaptations. Results from a ﬁrst case study suggest that the approach is viable and appreciated by therapists, yet could beneﬁt from increased ﬂexibility.
Climate Smart Agricultural Practices and Food Security: Evidence from Ugandan Maize Farmers

In the face of climate change and extreme weather events, which have significant impacts on agricultural production, Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) has emerged as an important entry point to build resilience of agricultural households. We examine the relationship between CSA and food security of maize growing households in Uganda using three waves of the Uganda National Panel Survey data collected by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics. To understand the correlates of the adoption of CSA practices, we use a panel logistic regression. We applied additional panel data analysis methods to evaluate the impact of CSA on food security among maize farmers. We find a positive association between the adoption of all our studied CSA practices and household dietary scores (HDDS). The number of months when a household has adequate food provision (MAHFP) was mainly affected by use of fertilizers and pesticides, while food consumption score (FCS) was primarily affected by legume intercropping and use of fertilizers on the maize plots. Although results show modest associations between the independent use of CSA practices and food security, we find that bundling CSA practices may lead to increased food security gains for maize growing households. The use of the different CSA combinations exhibited the strongest association with HDDS and FCS and a weaker association with MAHFP. The study findings have policy implications for providing maize farmers with suitable packages that yield maximum food security gains, as well as maintaining environmental sustainability.
Access to Eye Care Providers and Glaucoma Severity in the National Institutes of Health All of Us Research Program

Précis: In the “All of Us (AoU) Research Program,” individuals with access to vision care were more likely to have mild, moderate, or severe glaucoma and undergo incisional surgery compared with those without vision care access. Purpose: To examine the associations between access to eye care, glaucoma severity, and incisional glaucoma surgery using data from the National Institute of Health AoU Research Program. Materials and Methods: Individuals with International Classification of Diseases Ninth or 10th Revision codes and who answered the survey question about eye care access in AoU were included in the study. The exposure variable was access to eye care services, with outcome variables (1) glaucoma severitys and (2) likelihood of incisional surgery. Unadjusted multinomial logistic regression compared access to eye care services and glaucoma severity. In addition, unadjusted logistic regression models compared access to eye care and the likelihood of incisional surgery. These were repeated using adjusted analyses, controlling for sex assigned at birth, race and ethnicity, and age. Results: Compared with individuals without access to eye care services, those with access were more likely to have all levels of glaucoma severity [mild adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 5.81, 95% CI: 3.15–10.73, moderate aOR: 4.44, 95% CI: 2.45–8.02, severe aOR: 6.95, 95% CI: 2.69–17.93, and unspecified aOR: 3.06, 95% CI: 2.72, 3.45]. Access to eye care was associated with increased odds of any incisional glaucoma surgery (aOR: 3.00, 95% CI: 1.24–9.90) and of trabeculectomy (aOR: 3.30, 95% CI: 1.02–20.28) but not of tube shunt procedures (aOR: 2.65, 95% CI: 0.80–16.38). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that access to eye care services was associated with a higher prevalence of all levels of glaucoma severity; those with access to eye care services were more likely to undergo incisional surgery than those without access. Future research should focus on methods to best encourage eye care to limit glaucoma progression.
Inﬂuence of Starters on Chemical, Biochemical, and Sensory Changes in Turkish White-Brined Cheese During Ripening

Turkish White-brined cheese was manufactured us-ing Lactococcus strains ( Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis NCDO763 plus L. lactis ssp. cremoris SK11 and L. lactis ssp. lactis UC317 plus L. lactis ssp. cremoris HP) or without a starter culture, and ripened for 90 d. It was found that the use of starters signiﬁcantly inﬂuenced the physical, chemical, biochemical, and sensory properties of the cheeses. Chemical composition, pH, and sensory properties of cheeses made with starter were not affected by the different starter bacteria. The levels of soluble nitrogen fractions and urea-PAGE of the pH 4.6-insoluble fractions were found to be signiﬁcantly different at various stages of ripening. Urea-PAGE patterns of the pH 4.6-insoluble fractions of the cheeses showed that considerable degradation of α s1 -casein oc-curred and that β -casein was more resistant to hydrolysis. The use of a starter culture signiﬁcantly inﬂuenced the levels of 12% trichloroacetic acid-soluble nitrogen, 5% phosphotungstic acid-soluble nitrogen, free amino acids, total free fatty acids, and the peptide proﬁles (reverse phase-HPLC) of 70% (vol/vol) ethanol-soluble and insoluble fractions of the pH 4.6-soluble fraction of the cheeses. The levels of peptides in the cheeses increased during the ripening period. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses of electrophoretic and chromatographic results indicated that the cheeses were signiﬁcantly different in terms of their peptide proﬁles and they were grouped based on the use and type of starter and stage of ripening. Levels of free amino acid in the cheeses differed; Leu, Glu, Phe, Lys, and Val were the most abundant amino acids. Nitrogen fractions, total free amino acids, total free fatty acids, and the levels of peptides resolved by reverse phase-HPLC increased during ripening. No signiﬁcant differences were found between the sensory properties of cheeses made using a starter, but the
An Adaptive Sliding-mode Controller for Flexible-joint Manipulator

This paper represents a method of designing adaptive sliding mode control law for a class of flexible joint manipulators. The method aims at developing and deploying a controller for the system in case of existing disturbances in the process of generating control signal for the actuator. For drivers and motors in low-cost flexible-joint manipulator systems, there are always frictions and torque deviations when they operate. The proposed controller is designed to eliminate the impact of such disturbances on the tracking performance of the manipulator. To validate the design method, the stability of the control law is examined by using Lyapunov method. The performance is evaluated by simulation results as well as real-time responses of the custom-developed system; in addition, they are compared to ones from the counterparts.
A Si IGBT Circuit Breaker for Protection of 10 kV SiC MOSFET Power Module

This paper presents a low cost Si IGBT circuit breaker for protection of the Wolfspeed 10 kV XHV-9 half bridge SiC MOSFET module. Based on the 10 kV SiC module short circuit (SC) protection requirement, both current limiting and desaturation protection are needed for this IGBT breaker. Voltages balancing for series-connected IGBTs and effective current limiting of this IGBT breaker during SC transient are discussed. Detailed modes transition between the 10 kV SiC module and the IGBT breaker during SC transient is analyzed. Demonstration of the 10 kV SiC module with the IGBT breaker SC test and continuous power test at 6 kV voltage are presented.
Flatness of Some DC Microgrid Topologies

It is well-known that the state-space averaged models of buck and boost converters possess the property of differential flatness, which can prove beneficial to control design. This paper investigates the differential flatness of systems that consist of buck and boost converters interconnected at their outputs in three structures, which model DC microgrids with different properties. We present the mathematical form of potential flat outputs which depends on the number of converters of each type. Flatness-based feedforward control is demonstrated in simulations for all three types of interconnection. A numerical solution of the implicit flat parametrization is used where the explicit flat parametrization is not available.
The influence of trace elements on boron isotopic composition of living corals and the incorporation species of boron into corals

In order to better understand the incorporation species of boron into corals and the relationship between trace elements and isotopic composition of boron in coral,the concentrations of Mg,Sr,Na,Ca,B and isotopic composition of boron in corals in Weizhou Island,Sanya Bay and Dengloujiao were measured.The results showed that the average values of Mg,Sr,Na and Ca were 40.1,86.1,449 mmol/L and 12.1 mol/L,respectively.The boron concentration varied from 4.4 to 8.4mmol/L with an average of 5.9 mmol/L.Ca and Sr are obviously enriched while Mg is depleted in corals.The variation of boron concentration mainly reflected the pH variation of seawater.The δ 11 B coral varied from 22.8‰ to 27.9‰ with an average of 25.2‰. Except for the weak positive relationship with boron concentration,the δ 11 B coral had no relationship with other elements.When the boron isotopic composition of coals is used to reconstruct ancient seawater pH,it is necessary to examine the existence of Mg(OH) 2 in corals and to choose the same coral species.The boron isotope fractionation coefficient α coral-sw between coral and seawater in Weizhou Island,Dengloujiao and Sanya Bay was 0.9839,0.9847 and 0.9850,respectively.The α coral-sw increased with increasing seawater pH value.The boron isotope fractionation coefficient α coral-3 between coral and B(OH) 3 of seawater varied from 0.9772 to 0.9800 with an average of 0.9788. This new α 4-3 value is acceptable and accurate and can be used to reconstruct ancient seawater pH.The α coral-3 decreased with increasing seawater pH value.The averaged δ 11 B coral values were higher than the δ 11 B 4 but lower than δ 11 B isw.These indicated that both B(OH) 3 and 4 B(OH) incorporated into coral with preferential incorporation of 4 B(OH). The calculation results indicated that the fraction of B(OH) 3 incorporated into coral varied from 0.1% to 5.5% with an average of 2.2%. Because both B(OH) 3 and B(OH) 4 incorporated into bio-carbonates,the hypothesis of δ 11 B carb =δ 11 B 4 is incorrect,the seawater pH value calculated by δ 11 B carb may cause error,and the δ 11 B-pH proxy may become more complex.It is necessary to establish a best-fit empirically equation between boron isotope of bio-carbonate and pH of seawater based on the precipitation experiments of inorganic carbonates or culture experiments of coral or foraminifers in the future.
RiceGuardNet: Custom CNNs for Precise Bacterial and Fungal Infection Classification

Rice cultivation is a vital component of many nations’ agricultural landscapes, often relying on traditional knowledge passed down through generations. However, disease identification in rice crops presents challenges, as many diseases are difficult to discern through visual inspection alone. This leads to delayed or inaccurate diagnoses, placing entire plantations at risk and discouraging new entrants to the field. This research addresses the pressing issue of timely and accurate disease identification in rice plants, focusing on three common diseases: Bacterial Leaf Blight, Brown Spot, and Leaf Smut, which are caused by bacteria and fungi. These diseases can proliferate rapidly, making early detection crucial. A custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model was developed and trained using a dataset comprising 16,000 images, with 4,000 images for each disease and a healthy class. The model achieved an impressive accuracy of 99.87% on the test dataset, demonstrating its effectiveness in disease classification. This innovative approach provides a solution to the challenges faced by rice farmers, enabling quick and accurate disease identification. The research findings hold significant promise for improving rice cultivation practices, reducing the risk of crop loss, and encouraging new entrants into the field of rice farming.
Hardware-Efficient Random-Modulation ΣΔ ADC for Per-Column CS Generation in Vision Sensor

Compressive sensing (CS) encodes multiple projections of a signal. If the signal is an image, each projection is a linear combination of all pixels, which requires a high-resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADC). $\Sigma \Delta$ ADCs have been widely used to digitize compressed samples with practical resolution. In this study, we present the circuit-level implementation of a hardware-efficient random-modulation first-order incremental $\Sigma \Delta \mathrm{ADC}$. This ADC can perform random modulation of input signals by ±1 while simultaneously quantizing and averaging the signals. The random modulation takes place directly at the decimation filter without requiring additional circuitry, in contrast to state-of-the-art works. The ADC has been designed for per-column CS realization in a vision sensor featuring a pixel pitch of $4 \mu \mathrm{m}$. However, the scheme is general and can be employed in any other relevant CS application. All circuits have been designed using a 110 nm CMOS image sensor technology.
Automatic Fracture Orientation Extraction from SfM Point Clouds

Geology seeks to understand the history of the Earth and its surface processes through characterisation of surface formations and rock units. Chief among the geologists’ tools are rock unit orientation measurements, such as Strike, Dip and Dip Direction. These allow an understanding of both surface and sub-structure on both the local and macro scale. Although the way these techniques can be used to characterise geology are well understood, the need to collect these measurements by hand adds time and expense to the work of the geologist, precludes spontaneity in field work, and coverage is limited to where the geologist can physically reach. In robotics and computer vision, multi-view geometry techniques such as Structure from Motion (SfM) allow reconstructions of objects and scenes using multiple camera views. SfMbased techniques provide advantages over Lidar-type techniques, in areas such as cost and flexibility of use in more varied environmental conditions, while sacrificing extreme levels of fidelity. Regardless of this, camera based techniques such as SfM, have developed to the point where accuracy is possible in the decimetre range. Here is presented a system to automate the measurement of Strike, Dip and Dip Direction using multi-view geometry from video. Rather than deriving measurements using a method applied to the images, such as the Hough Transform, this method takes measurements directly from the software generated point cloud. Point cloud noise is mitigated using a Mahalanobis distance implementation. Significant structure is characterised using a k-nearest neighbour region growing algorithm, and final surface orientations are quantified using the plane, and normal direction cosines.
Electro-Thermal Simulation Analysis of Low Noise Amplifier System Level

In this paper, an electrothermal multiphysical simulation method for low noise amplifiers is presented. The method integrates electrical analysis and transient thermal analysis, and uses iterative method to realize multi-physical analysis of RF front-end circuit. Firstly, the electrical boundary information entering the LNA system and the thermal boundary information of the system are calculated. Then, the structure is solved by the electric-thermal multi-physics coupling, and the temperature distribution on the structure is obtained. Due to the temperature change characteristic of the component materials, the temperature change further changes the performance of the low noise amplifier, so as to realize the electric-thermal multi-physics simulation. By using the proposed electric-thermal coupling algorithm to solve the low noise amplifier, the maximum temperature on the structure of the low noise amplifier is 360K, the method is verified with the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics.
FPGA Based Intelligent Hardware Trojan Design and its SoC Implementation

Complex microprocessor-based digital embedded systems are typically composed of several third-party Intellectual Property (IP) cores. There is a possibility that IP cores obtained from different sources contain hardware trojans that could leak information for different purposes. In this paper, we have proposed a Hardware Trojan (HT) that can covertly sniff the interconnect bus to detect encrypted data streams. The HT, hidden in the Wishbone Interconnect, intelligently detects and identifies the specific IP core that is sending an encrypted data stream to the processor. The HT has been designed using a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) based approach. After detecting an encrypted data stream, the HT determines the address of the originating peripheral. To demonstrate a fully functional System on Chip (SoC), a RISC-V core interconnected with several peripheral IP cores such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART), Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), and Inter-Integrated Circuit $(\mathrm{I}^{2}\mathrm{C})$ protocols was developed. A Nexys A7 board with Artix-7 FPGA was used for prototyping. The output of the HT has been observed and verified using Vivado Integrated Logic Analyzer IP. The developed IP core of bus-based HT can be used to minimize the risk of data leakage at the early design and prototyping stage in a high-end embedded application.