Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Absorption and luminescence characteristics of transitions of the holmium ion in -doped aluminosilicate preforms and fibres

We have obtained the spectral dependences of the absorption cross sections for the and transitions in -doped aluminosilicate fibres and the spectral dependence of the stimulated emission cross section for the laser transition in -doped aluminosilicate fibre preforms. The lifetime of the upper laser level in the preforms has been determined.
Three-dimensional solutions for the free vibrations and buckling of thermally stressed multilayered angle-ply composite plates

Analytic three-dimensional elasticity solutions are developed for the free vibration and buckling of thermally stressed rectangular multilayered angle-ply anisotropic plates which are assumed to have an antisymmetric lamination with respect to the middle plane. Sensitivity derivatives are evaluated and used to investigate the sensitivity of the vibration and buckling responses to variations in the different lamination and material parameters of the plate. A Duhamel-Neumann-type constitutive model is used, and the material properties are assumed to be independent of temperature. Numerical results are presented, showing the effects of variations in the material characteristics and fiber orientation of different layers, as well as the effect of initial thermal deformation on the vibrational and buckling responses of the plate. 20 refs.
The Education Process of Children with Imprisoned Parents After the July 15, 2016 Coup Attempt in Turkey

This article explores the educational processes of the high-school youth and higher education youth of parents who were imprisoned following the coup attempt in Turkey in July 2016. Data was collected from parents who are involved in their children's education and who have been subjected to political persecution. The research is focused on educational processes with respect to students' academic success, psychological problems, and changes to moral and universal values, all from the point of view of the parents. The main conclusions seem to be that the majority of students whose parents were imprisoned had to change their schools, their academic success decreased, the students who continued their higher education were prolonged or had to leave their schools, and the majority of them did not have serious psychological problems. Finally, the sense of injustice they felt when their parents were arrested, students seem to question universal and moral values.
Behavior of liquid menisci formed during the extraction of a vertical rod from the free surface of a liquid contained in a finite basin (Part 1)

Many studies involving the shapes and stability of liquid menisci formed during the extraction of a vertical rod from a liquid basin (rod‐in‐free‐surface problem) have been reported in the literature. However, the vast majority of these were conducted under the assumptions that the radius of the basin (R) is infinite and that, at its extremity, both the slope and curvature of the liquid surface are zero. Recently, a few studies involving finite basins have been reported; however, these were conducted under the assumption that the displaced volume of the liquid in the basin is prescribed. In this study, a parametric finite element method was employed to determine the behavior (shape and stability) of liquid menisci formed during the extraction of a vertical rod with circular cross‐section from a liquid contained in a circular basin with finite radius. The plots presented in this paper enable investigators to predict the critical extraction height (a priori) as a function of the radius ratio (R/r) and Bond number (β0=ρgr2/γ) for the case where the contact angle (θ2) at the outer extremity of the basin is 90∘. Theoretical and experimental results obtained for arbitrary values of θ2 will be presented in a Part 2 paper. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Displacement sensing using evanescent tunneling between guided resonances in photonic crystal slabs

Using both analytic theory and first-principles finite-difference time-domain simulations, we introduce a displacement sensing mechanism using photonic crystal slabs coupled in the near-field regime. In this regime, the operating characteristics are completely different from conventional resonant optical sensors, and high sensitivity can be obtained without the use of highly reflecting mirrors. This enables high displacement sensitivity combined with low sensitivity to wavelength and to structural disorders, thereby simplifying operation and fabrication of high-sensitivity displacement sensors.
Vertically Stacked Nanosheet FET: Charge- Trapping Memory and Synapse With Linear Weight Adjustability for Neuromorphic Computing Applications

This work shows the feasibility of a vertically stacked nanosheet field effect transistor (NSFET) for charge-trapping memory and artificial synaptic devices. The artificial synapse’s behaviors, long-term potentiation (LTP), and long-term depression (LTD) are analogous to erase (ERS) and program (PGM) of charge-trapping memory, respectively. This NSFET device with a gate length of 50 nm achieves a wider memory window (MW), long retention time for programming, and infinite retention (> $10^{{8}}$ s) for ERS operation. The results also show linear synaptic features with nonlinearity values of 2.50 and −0.42 for LTP and LTD, respectively. Furthermore, the device conductance values are utilized as synaptic weights for image recognition of Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) dataset in neural networks and achieve 93.30% accuracy. These results make it a promising candidate for next-generation charge-trapping memory and neuromorphic computing due to its wide memory window, long retention, high accuracy, and high density.
The Importance of Age/Sex Class Relationships for Captive-Breeding - A Review of Macropodoidea (Kangaroos, Wallabies and Rat-Kangaroos) as a Case Study

In this paper social relationships (as defined by Hinde) between age/sex classes of kangaroos, wallabies and rat-kangaroos are reviewed and characterized by frequencies, direction and, where possible, intensity of behavioural interactions, by their patterning in sequences and by distance regulation. Male social organization in the wild for larger non-solitary species is organized in an age/size-related hierarchy. Frequent interactions among equal-sized males stabilize this hierarchy and large males by their simple presence deter younger ones from courting.Depending on social organization in the wild, the presence of one or more males, sometimes males from different age classes, is desirable from the animal welfare standpoint.The structure of breeding groups can be greatly improved in terms of welfare and breeding optimization, when a diversity of social relationships are as close to natural conditions as possible.
Solitons in molecular systems

Approach your problems from the It isn't that they can't see the end and begin with the answers. solution. It is that they can't Then one day, perhaps you will see the problem. find the final question. G.K. Chesterton. The Scandal of 'The Hermit Clad in Crane Father Brown 'The Point of a Pin'. Feathers' in R. van Gulik's The Chinese Maze Murders. Growing specialization and diversification have brought a host of mono graphs and textbooks on increasingly topics. However, the "tree" of knowledge of mathematics and related fields does not grow only by putting forth new branches. It also happens, quite often in fact, that branches which were thought to be completely disparate are suddenly seen to be related. Further, the kind and level of sophistication of mathematics applied in various sciences has changed drastically in recent years: measure theory is used (non-trivially) in regional and theoretical economics; algebraic geometry interacts with physics; the Minkowsky lemma, coding theory and the structure of water meet one another in packing and covering theory; quantum fields, crystal defects and mathematical pro gramming profit from homotopy theory; Lie algebras are relevant to filtering; and prediction and electric engineering can use Stein spaces. And in addition to this there are such new emerging subdisciplines as "complete integrable systems," "chaos, synergetics and large-scale order," which are almost impossible to fit into the existing classifica tion schemes. The draw upon widely different sections of mathematics. "
On the disagreement between speech transmission index (STI) and speech intelligibility

The change tendency of speech transmission index (STI) was examined by calculation for several modeled sound fields. As a result, it has been revealed that STI contradicts the generally accepted concept of the importance of early energy for speech intelligibility. Namely, for single reflection fields, (1) STI takes the same value for positive and negative levels of reflection relative to direct sound, and for positive and negative delay times. (2) STI takes the lowest value when the reflection level is 0 dB (equal to direct sound), and the increase and decrease of reflection level from 0 dB causes a rise in STI. For multiple reflection fields, (3) STI evaluates only the degree of energy concentration or dispersion in the time domain. Also, energy concentration due to strong reflections with any delay time increases the value of STI. However, the already published experimental results of intelligibility on single reflection fields differ from the above‐mentioned properties of STI, (1) and (2). Moreover, th.
Effect of monosaccharides on the interaction between Acanthamoeba culbertsoni and Shigella sonnei and the cytotoxicity and protease activity of A. culbertsoni

Introduction and Aim: In this study, the interaction between Acanthamoeba culbertsoni and Shigella sonnei was analyzed. In addition, the effect of monosaccharides on the cytotoxicity of A. culbertsoni was analyzed through interaction with macrophages. In particular, the effect of monosaccharides on the activity of A. culbertsoni protease was analyzed. Materials and Methods: Association tests were performed for the interaction of A. culbertsoni trophozoites with Shigella sonnei and Escherichia coli DH5 alpha, and the cytotoxicity and proteolytic enzyme activity of A. culbertsoni trophozoites were analyzed. In all these tests, monosaccharides, e.g., mannose, galactose, glucose, and xylose, were pretreated with A. culbertsoni trophozoites. Results: Except for 50 mM and 100 mM mannose, pathogenic S. sonnei by other monosaccharides showed almost 3 times more association than E. coli DH5 alpha. The association of A. culbertsoni trophozoites and S. sonnei by treatment with 100 mM galactose was inhibited by about 102%. The cytotoxicity of A. culbertsoni trophozoites by galactose was inhibited by about 13% and 25% at 50 and 100 mM, respectively. In particular, 50 and 100 mM mannose inhibited A.culbertsoni trophozoites cytotoxicity by 53% and 58%, respectively. A. culbertsoni proteolytic enzymes were strongly induced by 50 mM and 100 mM mannose. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed that mannose and galactose influenced the interaction of bacteria to A. culbertsoni trophozites.
ORIGINS OF COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE IN PEROVSKITE-TYPE MANGANESE OXIDES (INVITED)

Phenomena of colossal magnetoresistance (MR) or magnetic field induced insulator–metal (I–M) transitions have been investigated for single crystals of perovskite‐type manganese oxides with controlled carrier density and one‐electron bandwidth. In addition to the canonical MR behavior near the Curie temperature, the first‐order phase transition accompanying several orders of magnitude change in resistivity has been observed under an external magnetic field for many of the composition‐controlled crystals as an intrinsic bulk phenomenon. It was proved by the systematic experimental investigations that the field‐induced destruction of the charge‐ordered state accompanying the lattice structural as well as metamagnetic transition is a major origin of such a colossal MR. Versatile MR phenomena and I–M phase diagrams in the T–H plane are presented with their interpretation.
Lens-less holographic microscope with high resolving power

A new method is developed for recording and reconstructing a microscopic high-resolution 3-D image with large depth. Any imaging lens is not located between the object and the CCD in our optical system. A number of partial off-axis holograms are sequentially recorded with one CCD, or are recorded at once with multi-channel CCD by the single- shot digital holography. Partial complex-amplitude in-line holograms are extracted from recorded off-axis holograms by applying the simple-shot digital holography, and are arranged in order to generate a wide complex-amplitude in-line hologram. A high-resolution image with no distortion is numerically reconstructed from the wide complex-amplitude inline hologram.
Fitting Linear Models: An Application of Conjugate Gradient Algorithms

1. Preliminaries. - 1.1 Introduction. - 1.2 Notation Used in This Thesis. - 2. The Linear Model. - 2.1 The Gaussian Linear Model. - 2.2 Specifying an Arbitrary Model. - 2.3 Effective Balance. - 2.4 The Generalized Linear Model. - 3. The Conjugate Gradient Algorithm. - 3.1 Minimization Concepts. - 3.2 The Basic Algorithm. - 3.3 Convergence Considerations. - 3.4 The Non-Full Rank Case. - 3.5 Computational Details. - 3.6 Preconditioning. - 4. Applications: The Non-Full Rank Case. - 4.1 A Direct Sum Decomposition. - 4.2 Enumeration of Eigenvalues. - 4.3 Complete Factorial Designs. - 4.4 Other Designs. - 4.5 Preconditioning. - 5. Applications: The Full Rank Case. - 5.1 A Full Rank Parameterization. - 5.2 Hierarchical Models. - 5.3 Eigenvalues for Complete Factorial Designs. - 5.4 Other Designs. - 5.5 Preconditioning. - 6. Examples: Gaussian Linear Models. - 6.1 Implementation Details. - 6.2 The General 3-Way Case. - 6.3 A Blocked 23 Experiment. - 6.4 A Fractional 34 Experiment. - 6.5 A Quasi Latin Square Example. - 6.6 A Balanced Incomplete Block Example. - 7. Examples: Generalized Linear Models. - 7.1 Implementation Details. - 7.2 A 3x24 Loglinear Model. - 7.3 22 Loglinear Model on a Latin Square. - 7.4 A 3x22 Binomial Example. - 7.5 A Combined Loglinear and Binomial Example. - 8. Concluding Remarks. - References. - Appendices. - A. Algorithms. - A.I Hestenes-Stiefel Algorithm. - A.2 Beale Algorithm. - A.3 Preconditioned Hestenes-Stiefel Algorithm. - A.4 Hemmerle's Algorithm with Line Search . - A.5 Hestenes-Stiefel Algorithm with Hemmerle's Preconditioning. - A.6 Eigenvalues, Non-Full Rank Parameterization. - A.7 Eigenvalues, Full Rank Parameterization. - B. GLIM Output.
Ethics: What is the Research Scenario in the Brazilian Conference BRACIS?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents many ethical dilemmas, such as explainability, bias, military uses, surveillance capitalism, employment, and jobs. In the scientific context, AI can lead us to a crisis of reproducibility spread across several areas of knowledge and guide mathematicians to solve high complexity problems. Both companies and government forward their guidelines, recommendations, and materials combining Ethics and AI. In this paper, we investigate the involvement of the Brazilian academic-scientific community with moral or ethical aspects through its publications, covering the Brazilian Conference on Intelligent Systems (BRACIS) as the most prominent Brazilian AI conference. Through a Literature Systematic Review method, we answer the main research question: what is the panorama of the explicit occurrence of ethical aspects in the BRACIS, ENIAC, and STIL conference papers? The results indicate a low occurrence of ethical aspects and increasing behavior over the years. Ethical deliberation was fruitful, constructive, and critical among these few occurrences. Whether in the Brazilian or international context, there are spaces to be filled and open opportunities for exploration along this path.
Regenerative Effects of Exosomes-Derived MSCs: An Overview on Spinal Cord Injury Experimental Studies

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition usually induced by the initial mechanical insult that can lead to permanent motor and sensory deficits. At present, researchers are investigating potential therapeutic strategies to ameliorate the neuro-inflammatory cascade that occurs post-injury. Although the use of mesenchymal stromal/stem (MSCs) as a potential therapy in application to regenerative medicine promoted anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, several disadvantages limit their use. Therefore, recent studies have reported the effects of exosomes-derived MSCs (MSC-EXOs) as an innovative therapeutic option for SCI patients. It is noteworthy that MSC-EXOs can maintain the integrity of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), promoting angiogenic, proliferative, and anti-oxidant effects, as well as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. Therefore, in this study, we summarized the preclinical studies reported in the literature that have shown the effects of MSC-EXOs as a new molecular target to counteract the devastating effects of SCI.
Effects of Different Vegetable Oils on the Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in C57/BL Mice

Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common hepatic disorder, affecting 22–28% of the adult population and more than 50% of obese people all over the world. Modulation of the fatty acids in diet as a means of prevention against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in animal models (NAFLD) remains unclear. The treatment of NAFLD has not been described in specific guidelines so far. Thus, the justification for the study is to check modifications in macronutrients composition, fatty acids, in particular, play a significant role in the treatment of NAFLD regardless of weight loss. Aim To investigate different vegetable oils in prevention and progression of NAFLD in animal models. Methods For the experiment were used fifty C57BL/6J mice male fed with high fat and fructose diet (HFD) to induce the NAFLD status and they received different commercial vegetable oils for 16 weeks to prevent steatosis. Liver steatosis and oxidative stress parameters were analyzed using biochemical and histological methods. Fatty acids profile in the oils and in the liver samples was obtained. Results The high fat and fructose diet led to obesity and the vegetable oils offered were effective in maintaining body weight similar to the control group. At the end of the experiment (16 weeks), the HFHFr group had a greater body weight compared to control and treated groups (HFHFr: 44.20 ± 2.34 g/animal vs. control: 34.80 ± 3.45 g/animal; p < 0.001; HFHFr/OL: 35.40 ± 4.19 g/animal; HFHFr/C: 36.10 ± 3.92 g/animal; HFHFr/S: 36.25 ± 5.70 g/animal; p < 0.01). Furthermore, the HFD diet has caused an increase in total liver fat compared to control (p < 0.01). Among the treated groups, the animals receiving canola oil showed a reduction of hepatic and retroperitoneal fat (p < 0.05). These biochemical levels were positively correlated with the hepatic histology findings. Hepatic levels of omega-3 decreased in the olive oil and high fat diet groups compared to the control group, whereas these levels increased in the groups receiving canola and soybean oil compared to control and the high fat groups. Conclusion In conclusion, the commercial vegetable oils either contributed to the prevention or reduction of induced nonalcoholic fatty liver with high fat and fructose diet, especially canola oil.
Sine wave artifact as a means of calibrating structured light systems

Structured light systems made to provide dense data over full image fields present a unique challenge to the task of calibration. Localized artifacts made for CMM or hard gages are often a poor fit for testing actual 3D performance. This paper considers the use of a sine wave artifact to provide a mapping of a calibration matched to full-field capabilities. The sine wave offers the advantages of a continuous function across the full field, with a well defined and easy to analyze shape. Changes in scale in all dimensions, as well as localized variations can be mapped in clear detail using this method.
A new technique for calculations of binary stellar evolution, with application to magnetic braking

We present a new computational technique for the study of the evolution of compact binary stellar systems with mass-losing secondaries whose masses can range between approx.0. 01 M/sub sun/ and approx.1 M/sub sun/. In this technique, we utilize a composite polytrope with indices n = 3 and n = 3/2 to represent the structure of the radiative core and convective envelope, respectively. All other relevant aspects of the binary stellar evolution are calculated in detail. The advantages of this technique include (i) computational speed (more than an order of magnitude faster than more conventional binary stellar evolution codes), (ii) simplicity, which enables a more straightforward interpretation of the results in terms of the essential physics of the problem, and (iii) the generation of semianalytic expressions for the mass transfer rate and the behavior of the secondary star.
On the Numerical Solution of the Sine-Gordon Equation

In this, the first of two papers on the numerical solution of the sine? Gordon equation, we investigate the numerical behavior of a double discrete, completely integrable discretization of the sine? Gordon equation. For certain initial values, in the vicinity of homoclinic manifolds, this discretization admits an instability in the form of grid scale oscillations. We clarify the nature of the instability through an analytical investigation supported by numerical experiments. In particular, a perturbation analysis of the associated linear spectral problem shows that the initial values used for the numerical experiments lie exponentially close to a homoclinic manifold. This paves the way for the second paper where we use the non-linear spectrum as a basis for comparing different numerical schemes.
Correlated quantization of supercurrent and conductance in a superconducting quantum point contact

We have measured the supercurrent and conductance of a superconducting quantum point contact in a superconductor two-dimensional electron gas-superconductor Josephson junction. We observe that the supercurrent and conductance change stepwise in a correlated manner as a function of the gate voltage. This was achieved by simultaneous measurement of the supercurrent and conductance at high bias from the same current voltage characteristic.
A rate-estimation-based fairness algorithm in resilient packet ring

The new requirements of Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) have resulted in the emergence of new data transport technology, Resilient Packet Ring (RPR). The Key performance objective of RPR is to simultaneously achieve high bandwidth utilization, spatial reuse, and fairness. In this paper, a Rate Estimation Based Fairness Algorithm (REBFA) in Resilient Packet Rings is described and simulations are given to prove REBFA can achieve better performance than the fairness algorithm described in draft of IEEE standard for RPR.
Fourth‐order spectra of Gaussian amplitude‐modulated sinusoids

Propagating underwater signals are sometimes amplitude modulated by the medium or other physical effects. Since this is a multiplicative phenomenon, the resulting spectrum is a convolution of the spectra of the modulation and the desired signal. A new method based on the spectrum of a special case of the fourth‐order cumulant is proposed to extract the desired signal. It is shown that the special case of the fourth‐order cumulant is independent of the covariance of a Gaussian modulating function, and therefore it can extract the desired signal even when the modulating process is Gaussian white noise. Convergence equations are derived which show that the fourth‐order cumulant and its special case will converge to their asymptotic forms as the data length increases. The spectrum of the special case of the fourth‐order cumulant is also derived at the output of a low‐pass filter. To demonstrate these theoretical results, an experiment was conducted. A sinusoid was modulated by white Gaussian noise and transmi.