Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Key Establishment Attempt Based on Genetic Algorithms Applied to RFID Technologies

In RFID technology, communication is based on random numbers, and the numbers used there are pseudo-random too (PRN). As for the PRN, it is generated by the computational tool that creates a sequence of numbers that are generally not related. In cryptography, we usually need to generate the encrypted and decrypted keys, so that we can use the genetic algorithm (GA) to find and present those keys. In this paper, the authors use the GA to find the random keys based on GA operators. The results of this generation attempt are tested through five statistical tests by which they try to determine the keys that are mostly responsible for message-encryption.
Binder-Free Monoliths of Graphene Dried Foam Films Covering Polyaniline for Supercapacitors Electrode

Dried foam films (DFF) of graphene oxide (GO) has been prepared by dipping a titanium mesh in the solution of GO, and then it was reduced by electrochemical method. Next, the as-prepared water-containing reduced grapheme oxide (rGO) DFF film works as electrode for electrocpolymerization of aniline onto its surface for preparing a polyaniline/graphene monolith while the titanium mesh acts as the electron collector. The as-obtained composite film is binder-free and has highly surface area, conductivity, and can be used for supercapacitor electrode. Then network of plenty polyaniline nanoparticles formed on the surface of rGO film by electrochemical polymerization, which works as the material for pseudocapacitance. When the film is used as a supercapacitor electrode, the maximum specific capacitance is as high as 633.4 F g −1 and the specific capacitance retains 75% of the initial after constant charge discharge 5000 cycles at current density of 10 A g −1 , indicating that the nanocomposite is a suitable active material for supercapacitors.
Association of Blood Pressure With Stroke Risk in Chinese Population: A 6-Year Prospective Cohort Study

Objective: Previous results on the association between blood pressure(BP) and stroke risk were controversial. We investigated the association of BP with stroke risk in China. Method: We included a total of 5,700 adults aged 40-90 years from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) cohort. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% CIs. Restricted cubic spline analyses were used to explore linear and nonlinear relationships of BP and stroke. Result: With a median follow-up of 6 years, a total of 5,700 individuals were enrolled in our study, of whom 178 developed stroke. Multivariable adjusted Cox models including systolic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) showed a strong positive association between SBP and overall stroke. Compared with participants with SBP 0-130 mmHg, the multivariable adjusted HRs[95% CIs] in participants with SBP 130-140, 140-160, 160-180, and ≥180 mmHg were 1.08[0.62-1.89], 2.41[1.51-3.86], 2.21[1.16-4.20], and 3.90[1.78-8.55] for overall stroke; 0.65[0.21-2.04], 3.68[1.73-7.83], 2.51[0.84-7.47], and 5.91[1.69-20.60] for ischemic stroke; 1.26[0.50-3.20], 1.19[0.47-3.04], 2.06[0.66-6.41], and 5.10[1.36-19.20] for hemorrhagic stroke. Restricted cubic spline analyses including SBP and DBP showed linear relationships of SBP with overall, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. No linear or nonlinear relationships of DBP with overall, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke were observed.Conclusion: SBP is independently and directly related to the risk of overall and its subtypes. Besides, the risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke might be higher when SBP were more than 140 mmHg and 160 mmHg.
Nitrogen Mineralization, Immobilization, and Nitrification

The biogeochemical cycling of N in ecosystems can be divided into an external and an internal N cycle. The external cycle includes those processes that add or remove N from ecosystems, such as: dinitrogen (N2) fixation, dry and wet N deposition, N fertilization, N leaching, runoff erosion, denitrification, and ammonia volatilization. The internal N-cycle consists of those processes that convert N from one chemical form to another or transfer N between ecosystem pools. Processes of the internal N-cycle include: plant assimilation of N, return of N to soil in plant litterfall and root turnover, N mineralization (the conversion of organic N to inorganic N), microbial immobilization of N (the uptake of inorganic N by microorganisms), and nitrification (the production of nitrite {N02-} and nitrate {N03-} from ammonium {NH/} or organic N) (Fig. 42-1). The significance of internal N-cycling processes can be illustrated by comparing the rates of these processes relative to external N-cycling rates. For example, Paul and Clark (1989) estimate that the sum of all output fluxes of the external N-cycle globally is about 0.25 x 1015 g-N yr1, while net N mineralization in soils is more than 14 times this amount (about 3.5 x 1015 g-N ye1). However, because net N mineralization is the difference between actual N mineralization and microbial immobilization of N, gross N mineralization rates may be over two orders of magnitude greater than all output fluxes of N combined (see below).
Engineered Magnetization Dynamics of Magnonic Nanograting Filters

Magnonic crystals and gratings could enable tunable spin-wave filters, logic, and frequency multiplier devices. Using micromagnetic models, we investigate the effect of nanowire damping, excitation frequency and geometry on the spin wave modes, spatial and temporal transmission profiles for a finite patterned nanograting under external direct current (DC) and radio frequency (RF) magnetic fields. Studying the effect of Gilbert damping constant on the temporal and spectral responses shows that low-damping leads to longer mode propagation lengths due to low-loss and high-frequency excitations are also transmitted with high intensity. When the nanowire is excited with stronger external RF fields, higher frequency spin wave modes are transmitted with higher intensities. Changing the nanowire grating width, pitch and its number of periods helps shift the transmitted frequencies over super high-frequency (SHF) range, spans S, C, X, Ku, and K bands (3–30 GHz). Our design could enable spin-wave frequency multipliers, selective filtering, excitation, and suppression in magnetic nanowires.
Increased Conductivity in the Metastable Intermediate in LixFePO4 Electrode

With increasing concerns about energy and environmental issues, lithium ion batteries are now penetrating into large-scale applications such as electric vehicles. As an electrode reaction process, it is generally believed that two-phase reaction with structural rearrangement and large lattice mismatch impedes high-rate capability. However, LixFePO4, with its two-phase reaction between LiFePO4 and FePO4, exhibits an exceptional high-rate performance. In this article, after confirming the existence of a single-phase reaction even under moderate rates, we demonstrate an approximately 2 orders of magnitude increase of the conductivity for the quenched intermediate Li0.6FePO4. In addition to the widely accepted strain relaxation effect at the two-phase interface, the dramatically increased conductivity due to polaron/lithium carrier density increase in the intermediate phase should be highlighted as an important factor to accelerate the electrode reaction of olivine LixFePO4.
Improving flood resilience through governance strategies: Gauging the state of the art

There has been an upsurge in studies of flood risk governance (FRG): steering and decision‐making by public and private actors as a complement to risk assessments and technical management options. The scholarly debate is, however, highly fragmented, complicating the production of cumulative insights. To address this knowledge gap, we used six governance strategies for achieving flood resilience that previously have been put forward as a conceptual framework to review 121 articles published between 2016 and 2019, complemented with insights contained in recent overview articles, to gauge the state‐of‐the‐art in FRG literature: to (a) diversify flood risk management strategies; (b) align the strategies; (c) adequately involve private actors, including citizens; (d) put an adequate rule system in place; (e) cater for sufficient monetary and non‐monetary resources; (f) inspire an open and inclusive normative debate. We found, first, that literature is producing insights on increasingly technically advanced risk assessments and agent‐based models but societal debate on justice in flood risk governance is getting attention. A clearly emerging topic is that of citizen engagement in flood risk governance. Second, the geographical focus of the studies is still skewed toward the Global North. To make progress in understanding flood risk governance for better resilience more systematic and comparative empirical assessments of flood risk governance in order to derive generalizable lessons while better taking into account the context‐specificity of FRG. Testing flood risk governance solutions against comparative cases, by balancing the geographical scope of research efforts, and enhancing interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary working is a way to deliver knowledge for more resilience.
An improved constrained learning path adaptation problem based on genetic algorithm

ABSTRACT Adaptive learning has garnered researchers’ interest. The main issue within this field is how to select appropriate learning objects (LOs) based on learners’ requirements and context, and how to combine the selected LOs to form what is known as an adaptive learning path. Heuristic and metaheuristic approaches have achieved significant progress on personalized and adaptive recommendations, but the operators of some heuristic algorithms are often fixed which decreases the algorithms’ extendibility. This paper reviews existing works and proposes an innovative approach. We model the proposed approach as a constraints satisfaction problem, and an improved genetic algorithm named adaptive genetic algorithm is proposed to solve it. The proposed solution does not only reduce the search space size and increase search efficiency but also it is more explicit in finding the best composition of LOs for a specific learner. As a result, the best personalized adaptive learning resources combination will be found in lesser time.
A good way to talk. A comparative analysis of communication choices in China, Denmark and the US

ABSTRACT The article presents a comparative analysis of how people manage ways of communicating with their social ties. It thereby makes a qualitative contribution to the social ties literature [Granovetter, 1973. The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360–1380. doi:10.1086/225469], which is dominated by quantitative approaches. Specifically, the article maps different criteria that people consider when they combine the affordances [Hutchby, 2001. The communicative affordances of technological artefacts. In Conversation and technology, from the telephone to the Internet (pp. 13–33). Polity Press] of various types of communication in their interaction with different social ties. The qualitative analysis is based on ethnographic fieldwork in China, Denmark and the US, adopting and adapting a shared interview-diary-interview method in each field site (Lai, S. S., Pagh, J., & Zeng, F. H. (2019). Tracing Communicative Patterns. Nordicom Review, 40(s1). https://doi.org/10.2478/nor-2019-001. ). Despite apparent sociocultural and infrastructural differences between the national contexts, we find that people, guided by universal aspects of sociality, share five criteria, namely efficiency, sensibility, ephemerality, insistency, and availability, that ground their everyday communications with both strong and weak ties.
Genetic variations in some Egyptian Zea mexicana genotypes based on RAPD and AFLP markers

Maize-Teosinte hybrids are of significant interest to maize breeders as a resource of genetic diversity during the maize domestication process as a genetic pool for maize improvement. This study examines the genetic diversity and population structure of 16 Zea mexicana populations which are currently active in Zea breeding programs in Egypt using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers. RAPD analysis (14 primers) produced 141 bands; out of which, 102 (72.3%) were polymorphic. On the other hand, AFLP (5 primer combinations) yielded 276 peaks including 267 (96.7%) polymorphic ones with an average of 53.4 peaks per primer combination. A total of 11 unique RAPD markers were created by 6 primers and identified 8 genotypes. The five primer combinations generated 56 unique amplicons that successfully distinguished 12 out of the 16 genotypes tested. Furthermore, the number of observed alleles (Na), effective multiplex ratio (EMR), and polymorphic information content (PIC) indices showed higher values for AFLP (2.00, 53.4, and 0.21) than for RAPD (1.67, 7.3, and 0.15). Cluster analysis based on Nei and Li genetic distance and an Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) revealed 5 main clusters representing the 16 Zea mexicana confirming the population structure analysis obtained. High variability of the studied teosinte genotypes using RAPD and AFLP markers will provide valuable tools for Zea mexicana breeding programs in Egypt.
Probing Complex Disorder in Ce1-xGdxO2-x/2 Using the Pair Distribution Function Analysis

In this work the first Pair Distribution Function (PDF) study on Ce1-xGdxO2-x/2 (CGO) electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells is presented, aiming to unveil the complex positional disorder induced by gadolinium doping and oxygen vacancies formation in these materials. The whole range of Gd concentration xGd (0 ≤ xGd ≤ 1) of the CGO solid solutions was investigated through high resolution synchrotron radiation powder diffraction. The reciprocal space Rietveld analysis revealed in all the solid solutions the presence of positional disorder, which has been explicitly mapped into the real space. The average structural models, as obtained by the Rietveld method, fit well the experimental PDF data only for a spatial range r > ∼10 A. The same models applied at lower r values fails to reproduce the experimental curves. A clear improvement of the fit quality in the 1.5 < r < ∼6 A range was obtained for all the CGO samples applying a biphasic model encompassing both a fluorite CeO2-like and a C-type Gd2O3-like phas.
High‐frequency measurement of dielectric permittivity and antimicrobial properties of polyaniline and graphite oxide nanocomposites

The polyaniline/graphite oxide (PANI/GO) nanocomposite was prepared by the in situ chemical polymerisation method. The synthesis involved the formation of dark green coloured polyaniline/graphite oxide composite. The crystalline structure and morphology of the composite were studied using UV ‐ visible spectroscopy (UV), X ‐ ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The characteristic peaks in XRD and UV ‐ visible spectra confirmed the formation of the PANI/GO nanocomposite. DC conductivity measurements were performed using a two ‐ probe method. Dielectric re-sponses of the composites were investigated in the frequency range100 MHz to 3 GHz by the RF impedance analyser. The dielectric constant ϵ 0 ( w ) and dielectric loss ϵ 00 ( w ) were investigated. It was observed that the dielectric constant ϵ 0 ( w ) and dielectric loss ϵ 00 ( w ) decreased with an increase in frequencies (for different wt % of GO). The antibacterial activity of this composite was examined.
Ecosystem Engineers in a Self-organized Soil: A Review of Concepts and Future Research Questions

Abstract Soils are self-organized ecological systems within which organisms interact within a nested suite of discrete scales. Microorganisms form communities and physical structures at the smallest scale (microns), followed by the community of their predators organized in microfoodwebs (tens of microns), the functional domains built by ecosystem engineers (centimeters to meters), ecosystems, and landscapes. Ecosystem engineers, principally plant roots, earthworms, termites, and ants, play key roles in creating habitats for other organisms and controlling their activities through physical and biochemical processes. The biogenic, organic, and organomineral structures that they produce accumulate in the soil space to form three-dimensional mosaics of functional domains, inhabited by specific communities of smaller organisms (microfauna and mesofauna, microorganisms) that drive soil processes through specific pathways. Ecosystem engineers also produce signaling and energy-rich molecules that act as ecological mediators of biological engineering processes. Energy-rich ecological mediators may selectively activate microbial populations and trigger priming effects, resulting in the degradation, synthesis, and sequestration of specific organic substrates. Signaling molecules inform soil organisms of their producers’ respective presences and change physiologies by modifying gene expression and through eliciting hormonal responses. Protection of plants against pests and diseases is largely achieved via these processes. At the highest scales, the delivery of ecosystem services emerges through the functioning of self-organized systems nested within each other. The integrity of the different subsystems at each scale and the quality of their interconnections are a precondition for an optimum and sustainable delivery of ecosystem services. Lastly, we present seven general research questions whose resolution will provide a firmer base for the proposed conceptual framework while offering new insights for sustainable use of the soil resource.
Reasonable Expectations of Privacy in an Era of Drones and Deepfakes: Expanding the Supreme Court of Canada's Decision in R v Jarvis

Perpetrators of Technology-Facilitated gender-based violence are taking advantage of increasingly automated and sophisticated privacy-invasive tools to carry out their abuse. Whether this be monitoring movements through stalkerware, using drones to nonconsensually ﬁ lm or harass, or manipulating and distributing intimate images online such as deepfakes and creepshots, invasions of privacy have become a signi ﬁ cant form of gender-based violence. Accordingly, our normative and legal concepts of privacy must evolve to counter the harms arising from this misuse of new technology. Canada ’ s Supreme Court recently addressed Technology-Facilitated violations of privacy in the context of voyeurism in R v Jarvis (2019) . The dis-cussion of privacy in this decision appears to be a good ﬁ rst step toward a more equitable conceptualization of privacy protection. Building on existing privacy theories, this chapter examines what the reasoning in Jarvis might mean for “ reasonable expectations of privacy ” in other areas of law, and how this concept might be interpreted in response to gender-based Technology-Facilitated violence. The authors argue the courts in Canada and elsewhere must take the analysis in Jarvis further to fully realize a notion of privacy that protects the autonomy, dignity, and liberty of all.
Pedestrians’ Injury Severity in Traffic Accidents in Spain: A Pedestrian Actions Approach

Road traffic accidents are currently between the seventh and tenth leading cause of death in the world, with approximately 1.35 million people killed per year. Despite extensive efforts by governments, according to the World Health Organization, road accidents still cause far too many deaths, especially among pedestrians, cyclists and two-wheel motor vehicle riders, who together account for almost 50% of road traffic fatalities. In particular, Spain had 410,974 traffic accidents between 2016 and 2019, involving 722,516 vehicles and 61,177 pedestrians with varying degrees of injury. This study uses the Bayesian network method to understand how the pedestrians’ responsibility and actions at the time of the traffic accident affect the injury suffered by said pedestrian, also considering the variables of the road infrastructure and vehicles at the accident site. The results confirm that the variables linked to the unsafe behavior of pedestrians, and their responsibility in traffic accidents, increase the risk of suffering serious or fatal injuries during an accident; for example, if a pedestrian is distracted this increases his/her probability of suffering a severe injury (27.86%) with respect to not being distracted (20.73%). Conditions related to traffic in high-speed areas, areas with no or poor lighting, and areas lacking sidewalks, also record increases in pedestrian injury, as is the case in the age group of pedestrians over 60 years of age.
Surveillance Camera Based Fall Detection System Using Long Short Term Memoryfor Elderly People

Event detection in videos is becoming an emerging area of research now a day. Monitoring of people activities using a surveillance camera is an essential one in a recent lifestyle for safety and security. The surveillance cameras are used in a wide variety of places such as in public places, Hospitals, Schools, and Homes for the beneficiaries of common people, patients, children and the elderly. In case of any emergency or abnormal events, immediate notification should be given to the respective people. The abnormal events are recognized from the videos using deep architectures. The goal of event detection in videos is to detect simple and complex actions in real-time data. This has a lot of attention in real-time ambient assisted living environments especially for elder people who live alone in the home. In this paper, a deep architecture of long short term memory recurrent network is proposed to detect fall actions in video inputs.