Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Annihilators of Local Cohomology Modules

Laura R. Lynch* (llynch@ccga.edu). Annihilators of Local Cohomology Modules. In many important theorems in the homological theory of commutative local rings, an essential ingredient in the proof is to consider the annihilators of local cohomology modules. We examine these annihilators at various cohomological degrees, in particular at the cohomological dimension and at the height of the grade of the defining ideal. We also investigate the dimension of these annihilators at various degrees and we refine our results by specializing to particular types of rings, for example, Cohen Macaulay rings, unique factorization domains, and rings of small dimension. (Received August 23, 2011)
A damage mechanics approach to multiaxial fatigue

The fatigue assessment of structural components under a complex multiaxial stress history is one of the most difficult engineering challenge. As is wellknown, several materials present a conventional fatigue strength at a given number of cycles under constant amplitude fatigue loading, while a conventional fatigue strength at a given number of cycles cannot be defined in the case of arbitrary varying and/or multiaxial stress histories. Several approaches have been developed to study this problem: empirical models, critical plane approaches, average stress criterion and stress invariant approaches. The damage phenomena can also be assessed by using an endurance function. In the present paper, a model for fatigue damage evaluation in the case of an arbitrary multiaxial loading history is proposed by using a damage function which allows us to evaluate the final failure of the material. By introducing an evolution equation for the material damage D , the final collapse of the material is assumed to occur when the damage is complete, that is to say, when D reaches the unity. The parameters of the model are determined through a Genetic Algorithm (GA) once a complex stress history and its effects on the material fatigue life are known. The proposed model presents the advantage to avoid any evaluation of a critical plane and any cycle counting algorithm to quantify the fatigue life, because it simply considers the loading process step by step and its effect in terms of damage.
A remark on weak convergence in the dual of a *-algebra

In [J], the following remarkable result was obtained: every reflexive quotient of a C* -algebra is super-reflexive. Along the way to proving this, Jarchow established the coincidence of the classes of weakly compact operators from a C*-algebra A to any Banach space X and the uniformly convexifiable operators (introduced by B. Beauzamy [B]) from A to X. We take note of the following consequence of Jarchow's work. '
Robust adaptive filtering algorithms for /spl alpha/-stable random processes

A new class of algorithms based on the fractional lower order statistics is proposed for finite impulse response adaptive filtering in the presence of a stable processes. It is shown that the normalized least mean p-norm (NLMP) and Douglas' family of normalized least mean square algorithms are special cases of the proposed class of algorithms. A convergence proof for the new algorithm is given by showing that it performs a descent-type update of the NLMP cost function. Simulation studies indicate that the proposed algorithms provide superior performance in impulsive noise environments compared to the existing approaches.
Coefficient Bounds for Level 2 Cusp Forms and Modular Functions

We give explicit upper bounds for the coefficients of arbitrary weight $k$, level 2 cusp forms, making Deligne's well-known $O(n^{\frac{k-1}{2}+\epsilon})$ bound precise. We also derive asymptotic formulas and explicit upper bounds for the coefficients of certain level 2 modular functions.
High-Resolution X-Ray Spectroscopy of the Seyfert 2 Galaxy Circinus with Chandra

Results from a 60 ks Chandra High-Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer observation of the nearby Seyfert 2 galaxy Circinus are presented. The spectrum shows a wealth of emission lines at both soft and hard X-rays, including lines of Ne, Mg, Si, S, Ar, Ca, and Fe, and a prominent Fe Kα line at 6.4 keV. We identify several of the He-like components and measure several of the Lyman lines of the H-like ions. The lines' profiles are unresolved at the limited signal-to-noise ratio of the data. Our analysis of the zero-order image in a companion Letter constrains the size of the emission region to be 20-60 pc, suggesting that emission within this volume is almost entirely due to the reprocessing of the obscured central source. Here we show that a model containing two distinct components can reproduce almost all the observed properties of this gas. The ionized component can explain the observed intensities of the ionized species, assuming twice-solar composition and an N ∝ r-1.5 density distribution. The neutral component is highly concentrated, well within the 0. ″8 point source, and is responsible for almost all of the observed Kα (6.4 keV) emission. Circinus seems to be different than Mrk 3 in terms of its gas distribution.
Importance of School based ICT Curriculum & Career Counseling in Pakistan

In present times it is a universally accepted fact that ICT (Information Communication Technology) is the sole potent driving force behind every knowledge driven economy of the world. In order to effectively implement ICT in various fields, there is a dire need for the availability of proper well trained / committed ICT work force in a country. In Pakistan lack of interest of students in the field of IT coupled with the decline in the quality of output has compelled us to embark upon deliberating on this vital issue which confronts us. This paper delves in to different factors like curriculum, availability of resources, proper guidance and career counseling – the core issues affecting the role of ICT at school level in Pakistan. Data is collected from the existing students of Bachelor (BBA ITM, BBA Hons, BCS) and Master level (MBA ITM,MBATEM ,MBA,MCS) programs of five different universities of Pakistan(two public sector and three well reputed private sector). It is observed that majority of the students hailed from remote areas of Pakistan having Urdu-medium instruction background. With inadequate exposure of ICT at school or college level and maximum of their time was exhausted in developing basic level skill instead of preparing them for hi-tech industry. Moreover, it is observed that majority of the students are not aware of their objectives of the specific programs they are enrolled in and also about their future careers in these fields, simply due to nonexistence of career counseling culture both at school and college level
Higher derivative Chern-Simons extension in the noncommutative QED(3)

The noncommutative (NC) massive quantum electrodynamics in $2+1$ dimensions is considered. We show explicitly that the one-loop effective action arising from the integrating out the fermionic fields leads to the ordinary NC Chern-Simons and NC Maxwell action at the long wavelength limit (large fermion mass). In the next to leading order, the higher-derivative contributions to NC Chern-Simons are obtained. Moreover, the gauge invariance of the outcome action is carefully discussed. We then consider the higher-derivative modification into the pure NC Chern-Simons Lagrangian density and evaluate the one-loop correction to the pole of the photon propagator.
Noise Model of Relaxation Oscillators Due to Feedback Regeneration Based on Physical Phase Change

A new approach to investigate noise spikes due to regeneration in a relaxation oscillator is proposed. Noise spikes have not been satisfactorily accounted for in traditional phase noise models. This paper attempts to explain noise spikes/jump phenomenon by viewing it as phase change in the thermodynamic system(for example, from gas to liquid or magnetization of ferromagnet). Both are due to regeneration (positive feedback in oscillator as well as alignment of spin due to positive feedback in ferromagnet). The mathematical tool used is the partition function in thermodynamics, and the results mapped between thermodynamic system and relaxation oscillator. Theory is developed and formula derived to predict the magnitude of the jump, as a function of design parameter such as regeneration parameter or loop gain. Formulas show that noise increases sharply as regeneration parameter/loop gain approaches one, in much the same way when temperature approaches critical temperature in phase change. Simulations on circuits (Eldo) using CMOS as well as Monte Carlo simulations (Metropolis) on ferromagnet (Ising model) were performed and both show jump behaviour consistent with formula. Measurements on relaxation oscillators fabricated in 0.13um CMOS technology verify such behaviour, where the sharp increase in noise when regeneration parameter/loop gain is close to one, matches closely with the theoretical formula. Using the formula the designer can quantify the variation of noise spikes dependency on design parameters such as gm (device transconductance), R, I0, via their influence on regeneration parameter/loop gain.
Méthodes d'interpolation à noyaux pour l'approximation de fonctions type boîte noire coûteuses

Cette these se place dans le cadre des experiences simulees auxquelles on a recours lorsque des experiences physiques ne sont pas realisables. Une experience simulee consiste a evaluer une fonction deterministe type boite-noire couteuse qui decrit un modele physique. Les entrees de ce modele, entachees d'incertitude, forment un vecteur aleatoire. Cela implique que les sorties que nous souhaitons etudier sont aleatoires. Une technique standard pour rendre possibles de nombreux traitements statistiques, est de remplacer la fonction type boite-noire par un metamodele d'evaluation quasi-instantanee l'approchant. Nous nous concentrons plus particulierement sur les metamodeles d'interpolateurs a noyaux dont nous etudions la construction et l'utilisation. Dans ce cadre, une premiere contribution est la proposition d'une definition plus generale de noyau conditionnellement positif qui permet une vraie generalisation du concept de noyau defini positif et des theoremes associes. Nous donnons ensuite, dans une deuxieme contribution, un algorithme de construction de plans d'experience dans des domaines eventuellement non hypercubiques suivant un critere maximin pertinent pour ces metamodeles. Dans une troisieme contribution, nous traitons un probleme statistique inverse en utilisant un metamodele d'interpolateurs a noyaux dans un algorithme stochastique EM puisque le modele liant les entrees aux sorties est de type boite-noire couteux. Enfin, nous proposons aussi, dans la derniere contribution, l'utilisation d'un tel metamodele pour developper deux strategies d'estimation et de majoration de probabilites d'evenements rares depen\-dant d'une fonction type boite-noire couteuse.
Native Reactions to Non-Native Speech: A Review of Empirical Research

Recent research considers native reactions to various aspects of non-native speech and associated judgments regarding such speakers. The studies discussed here view listeners, speakers, and language from a variety of perspectives employing both objective and subjective research paradigms. Interlocutor variables which have been found to influence linguistic perceptions include age, social status, degree of bilingualism, and educational level. Even the linguistic sophistication of the listener may be important. Studies of error gravity, which treat the perceived seriousness of error types in learners' interlanguage, may now be contrasted with data from several related and unrelated languages. The relative intelligibility of language samples has also been investigated as has the role of comprehension in the information of linguistic judgments. Research reflecting listeners' personal impressions and reactions shows that non-natives tend to be downgraded in contexts ranging from the classroom to the workplace. This area of experimentation would be enhanced by exploration of the issues through studies in natural sociolinguistic contexts.
Toll Signaling Pathway Drosophila The

The identiﬁcation of the Drosophila melanogaster Toll pathway cascade and the subsequent characterization of TLRs have reshaped our understanding of the immune system. Ever since, Drosophila NF- k B signaling has been actively studied. In ﬂies, the Toll receptors are essential for embryonic development and immunity. In total, nine Toll receptors are encoded in the Drosophila genome, including the Toll pathway receptor Toll . The induction of the Toll pathway by Gram-positive bacteria or fungi leads to the activation of cellular immunity as well as the systemic production of certain antimicrobial peptides. The Toll receptor is activated when the proteolytically cleaved ligand Spatzle binds to the receptor, eventually leading to the activation of the NF- k B factors Dorsal-related immunity factor or Dorsal. In this study, we review the current literature on the Toll pathway and compare the Drosophila and mammalian NF- k B pathways. The Journal of Immunology 2011, 186: 649–656.
Duality for spatially interacting Fleming-Viot processes with mutation and selection

Consider a system X = ((x�(t)),� 2 N)t�0 of interacting Fleming-Viot diffusions with mutation and selection which is a strong Markov process with continuous paths and state space (P(I))N, where I is the type space, N the geographic space is assumed to be a countable group and P denotes the probability measures. We establish various duality relations for this process. These dualities are function-valued processes which are driven by a coalescing-branching random walk, that is, an evolving particle system which in addition exhibits certain changes in the function-valued part at jump times driven by mutation. In the case of a finite type space I we construct a set-valued dual process, which is a Markov jump process, which is very suitable to prove ergodic theorems which we do here. The set-valued duality contains as special case a duality relation for any finite state Markov chain. In the finitely many types case there is also a further tableau-valued dual which can be used to study the invasion of fitter types after rare mutation. This is carried out in [DGsel] and [DGInvasion].
On the Log-Picard functor for aligned degenerations of curves

We give a representability result as algebraic space for the rela- tive logarithmic Picard functor of families of log-semistable curves satisfying a certain combinatorial condition over a regular base scheme of any dimension. We show that a more general version of the maximal separated quotient of the relative Picard functor constructed by Raynaud is a subgroup of it.
Ability of Candida albicans Mutants To Induce Staphylococcus aureus Vancomycin Resistance during Polymicrobial Bioﬁlm Formation (cid:1)

Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus form vigorous polymicrobial bioﬁlms in serum, which may serve as the source of coinfection in patients. More importantly, S. aureus is highly resistant to vancomycin during polymicrobial bioﬁlm formation, with no decreases in bacterial viability observed with up to 1,600 (cid:1) g/ml drug. In these mixed-species bioﬁlms, S. aureus preferentially associates with C. albicans hyphae, which express a variety of unique adhesins. We tested C. albicans mutants deﬁcient in transcriptional regulators of morphogenesis ( CPH1 and EFG1 ) and bioﬁlm formation ( BCR1 ) to investigate the role of hyphae in mediating polymicrobial bioﬁlm formation. These mutants also have reduced expression of hypha-speciﬁc adhesins. The ability to form polymicrobial bioﬁlms correlated with the ability to form hyphae in these mutants. However, only mutants that could adhere to the abiotic surface could induce S. aureus vancomycin resistance, regardless of the presence of hyphae. In examining factors that may mediate interspecies adhesion,
Constraining the Black Hole Mass Spectrum with LISA Observations II: Direct comparison of detailed models

A number of scenarios have been proposed for the origin of the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) that are found in the centres of most galaxies. Many such scenarios predict a high-redshift population of massive black holes (MBHs), with masses in the range 100 to 100000 times that of the Sun. When the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is finally operational, it is likely that it will detect on the order of 100 of these MBH binaries as they merge. The differences between proposed population models produce appreciable effects in the portion of the population which is detectable by LISA, so it is likely that the LISA observations will allow us to place constraints on them. However, gravitational wave detectors such as LISA will not be able to detect all such mergers nor assign precise black hole parameters to the merger, due to weak gravitational wave signal strengths. This paper explores LISA's ability to distinguish between several MBH population models. In this way, we go beyond predicting a LISA observed population and consider the extent to which LISA observations could inform astrophysical modellers. The errors in LISA parameter estimation are applied with a direct method which generates random sample parameters for each source in a population realisation. We consider how the distinguishability varies depending on the choice of source parameters (1 or 2 parameters chosen from masses, redshift or spins) used to characterise the model distributions, with confidence levels determined by 1 and 2-dimensional tests based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.
The Space Structure, Force Fields and Quantum Mechanics

It is proposed that the cosmic digital code consists of 1 and 0 for an attachment space and a detachment space, respectively. The attachment space attaches to an object, while the detachment space detaches from the object. The cosmic digital code relates to the reduction of > 4D space‐time into 4D space‐time and the derivation of the space structure. Through the detachment space, > 4D space‐time is sliced into infinitely many 4D slices surrounding the 4D core attachment space. The space structurally is a partition space, or a lattice space. The lattice space consists of repetitive units of alternative attachment space and detachment space and provides for a coherent wave function and gauge force fields, while the partition space consists of separated continuous phases of attachment space and detachment space providing the space structure for the collapse of wave function and the permanent detachment or attachment of gauge bosons. Thus, the wave function and gauge bosons become pure physical fields. The me.
Scalar Curvature for Noncommutative Four-Tori

In this paper we study the curved geometry of noncommutative 4-tori $\mathbb{T}_\theta^4$. We use a Weyl conformal factor to perturb the standard volume form and obtain the Laplacian that encodes the local geometric information. We use Connes' pseudodifferential calculus to explicitly compute the terms in the small time heat kernel expansion of the perturbed Laplacian which correspond to the volume and scalar curvature of $\mathbb{T}_\theta^4$. We establish the analogue of Weyl's law, define a noncommutative residue, prove the analogue of Connes' trace theorem, and find explicit formulas for the local functions that describe the scalar curvature of $\mathbb{T}_\theta^4$. We also study the analogue of the Einstein-Hilbert action for these spaces and show that metrics with constant scalar curvature are critical for this action.
Orthotopic and ellipsoidal simulations for a class of non-linear systems

In this paper, we address the problem of propagating in time an orthotopic or ellipsoidal bounding set for the state of discrete-time quadratic systems. The sequence of bounding sets is called the set simulation of the system, and conveys useful information about the stability and other qualitative behaviors of the possible trajectories of the system. The bounding sets are computed recursively via numerically efficient algorithms.
Particle subgrid stress models for large Stokes numbers in particle-laden turbulence

Abstract For the Stokes number based on the Kolmogorov time scale ${St}_K$ up to $O(10^{2})$, the particle subgrid stress (particle stress) in the volume-average framework is studied by comparing the fluid residual stress, the particle Smagorinsky model and the particle scale-similarity model. To obtain the numerical database of the particle-laden turbulence, two-way coupling direct numerical simulation is carried out with isotropic and anisotropic forcing conditions. As the particle stress is related to the local flow structure, which is not reflected by ${St}_K$, a new Stokes number ${St}_R$ is introduced to extract the effect of the intensity of the fluid velocity fluctuation in the averaging volume. The degrees of agreement of the principal axes (eigenvectors) of the particle stress models to those of the fully resolved particle stress are regarded as functions of ${St}_R$ regardless of the averaging volume size. The fluid residual stress model shows the highest degree of agreement over a small ${St}_R$ range for both of the forcing cases, and similar predominance is also observed for the correlation coefficient reflecting the magnitude of the particle stress. The effects of ${St}_R$, ${St}_K$, the averaging volume size and the Reynolds number on the model coefficients are investigated based on the intensities of the deviatoric and isotropic parts of the fully resolved particle stress and its models. The Stokes number ${St}_R$ is found to be an essential factor to determine the model coefficients, as each effect is extracted reasonably by fixing ${St}_R$.
ORTOPHOTO AS A BASIS FOR VECTORIZATION OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE

Summary: In the geodetic sphere of business, one of the parameters of success is time efficiency in performing work, in addition to sufficiently accurate and detailed collected spatial data. This has conditioned the current trend of application of laser scanning technology and unmanned aerial vehicles as the most modern technologies for collecting spatial data. Accordingly, the paper presents the technology of mobile laser scanning and its resulting products. In addition, a concrete example shows the possibility of vectorization of road infrastructure with the help of orthophotos, as a resulting product of point cloud processing. An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the orthophoto extraction procedure compared to the extraction of the same elements directly from the point cloud is given.
ROLE OF ASPIRIN IN CATARACT

Role of aspirin in cataract is continuously being investigated. Epidemiological studies indicated that regular use of aspirin and aspirin like analgesics decrease the incidence of cataract. Laboratory studies offer several possible mechanisms by which aspirin exert its effect (A) via modification of glucose metabolism (B) via changes in physical behaviour of proteins within the lens fibers or (C) in the communication between lens epithelial cells. Disorder of each of these processes is associated with lens opacification and can be modified by aspirin. Aspirin is particularly appealing as anti-cataract drug because it has relatively few side effects and is inexpensive. However, various case studies indicated that aspirin has no role to play in cataract prevention rather it may cause cataract, which invoked a continuous debate regarding its role.