Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Tags in a Knowledge Bank

In this age of information, a person is accustomed to on demand and within seconds retrieve all thinkable information between heaven and earth with the help of a technical device. It’s therefore important that information is stored and presented in such way that a person can embrace it with ease. The IT company Nilex, where this research took place, provides such a storage in the form of a knowledge bank. The premise for this thesis is to investigate how information from a knowledge bank can be displayed and found with the principles of interaction design. A centralized focus of the research was if tagging functionality could be a positive effect for this purpose. This thesis describes the problem identification phase followed by the solution design phase which also includes testing of these proposals. The conclusions drawn from the discussion of each method were essential to move the project forward. The testing was performed in two phases, first without tagging functionality and after with, to try to answer if the hypotheses surrounding tags could be answered. No tests or implementations to a real software were done during the research but conclusion from the tests on the design proposals indicates that tags may have a positive effect which makes it applicated to a real environment.
Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation

The first € price and the £ and $ price are net prices, subject to local VAT. Prices indicated with * include VAT for books; the €(D) includes 7% for Germany, the €(A) includes 10% for Austria. Prices indicated with ** include VAT for electronic products; 19% for Germany, 20% for Austria. All prices exclusive of carriage charges. Prices and other details are subject to change without notice. All errors and omissions excepted. W. Leal Filho (Ed.) Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation
Tournaments within football teams: players’ performance and wages

Abstract Football players’ wages are, in most clubs, the largest share of expenses and one of the most important incentives to keep players motivated. How are football players encouraged to constantly improve their performance and what is the effect of good performances on wages? Are wage spreads within teams being set to motivate players, as in a rank-order tournament? Using accurate data from Portuguese First League football player wages, we study the relationship between wages and players’ performance. Using minutes, number of games and performance statistics during the season as a proxy for players’ performance, we show that players who play more minutes earn a wage prize and those at the top face a convex relationship suggesting the setup of a tournament within football teams.
On the Estimation of Shipping Densities from Observed Data

Abstract : Passive surveillance system performance in terms of area coverage is ultimately limited by the noise environment in which it must operate. As the state of the art in design has progressed, interest is no longer exclusively in the omni-level of the noise field but now includes as equally important the spatial, temporal and directional characteristics of this field. Additionally, extreme concern with the low frequency portion of the noise spectrum develops as the need for enhanced classification capability increases. The predominant component of the low frequency noise field for most platforms is that of ship noise. Thus, as the need for increased passive detection and classification capability increases, one is forced to consider the low frequency portion of the spectrum. In turn, this implies the need to quantitatively specify the ambient noise environment. shipping distributions play a dominant role in the calculation of low frequency ambient noise, since these distributions affect both the level and the directional characteristics of this noise field. The geographical distribution of ships throughout the ocean basin gives rise to the directionality, both horizontal and vertical.
Neutron sensitivity of the endcap RPC modules in Belle detector

In recent Belle experiment at KEK B factory, an increase in noise rate due to beam backgrounds is observed in the endcap KLM detector. Accompanying the increased noise rate, lower detection efficiency was also observed. To study what the sources of noises in the endcap KLM detector are, we performed simulations of sensitivities of neutrons and /spl gamma/s as the sources of noises in the endcap KLM detector using a Geant4 simulation toolkit. We present comparisons of the simulations with the experimental data and propose a candidate for the noise source in the endcap KLM detector.
Performance of Copeptin for Early Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 14,139 Patients

Diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) based on copeptin level may enable one to confirm or rule-out acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with higher sensitivity and specificity, which may in turn further reduce mortality rate and decrease the economic costs of ACS treatment. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between copeptin levels and type of ACS. We searched Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane to locate all articles published up to 10 October 2021. We evaluated a meta-analysis with random-effects models to evaluate differences in copeptin levels. A total of 14,139 patients (4565 with ACS) were included from twenty-seven studies. Copeptin levels in AMI and non-AMI groups varied and amounted to 68.7 ± 74.7 versus 14.8 ± 19.9 pmol/L (SMD = 2.63; 95% CI: 2.02 to 3.24; p < 0.001). Copeptin levels in the AMI group was higher than in the unstable angina (UAP) group, at 51.9 ± 52.5 versus 12.8 ± 19.7 pmol/L (SMD = 1.53; 95% CI: 0.86 to 2.20; p < 0.001). Copeptin levels in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) versus non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patient groups were 54.8 ± 53.0 versus 28.7 ± 46.8 pmol/L, respectively (SMD = 1.69; 95% CI: = 0.70 to 4.09; p = 0.17). In summary, elevated copeptin levels were observed in patients with ACS compared with patients without ACS. Given its clinical value, copeptin levels may be included in the assessment of patients with ACS as well as for the initial differentiation of ACS.
Partial discharges. Their mechanism, detection and measurement

Different partial discharge (PD) detection and measurement procedures suitable for use on cables, capacitors, transformers and rotating machines are examined and compared. Both narrow and wide bandwidth PD detectors are considered; particular attention is given in regard to their suitability to different types of electrical apparatus and cable specimens under test as well as their applicability to discharge site location and their capability to detect different forms of PD. A rather substantial portion of the discussion is devoted to the use of intelligent machines as applied to PD pattern recognition in terms of either PD pulse-height/discharge epoch (phase) distributions or discharge pulse shape attributes.
Síndrome post cuidados intensivos en pediatría

Resumen Introducción El término "Síndrome post cuidados intensivos" se refiere a los compromisos que surgen luego de una enfermedad crítica, que empeoran el estado de salud física, cognitiva o mental y que persisten luego de la hospitalización por cuidados agudos. Métodos se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica utilizando la base de datos de Medline. El período de búsqueda fue desde 2012 hasta el 2020 mediante palabras claves. Resultados La evidencia emergente sugiere que hay morbilidades físicas, cognitivas y psiquiátricas significativas y persistentes entre los sobrevivientes adultos y pediátricos de enfermedades críticas. En esta población puede afectar también la esfera "salud social". Las familias de los pacientes hospitalizados suelen manifestar síntomas psicológicos. Para la prevención y manejo existen diversas herramientas: el paquete de medidas "ABCDEFGH", la conformación y organización del equipo de salud, la movilización temprana y la rehabilitación física, el aporte nutricional, la gestión ambiental, los diarios de Unidad de cuidados intensivos y el apoyo entre pares. Conclusión La situación del paciente es única y los desafíos que enfrenta pueden requerir diferentes intervenciones, que deberían estudiarse para aumentar la evidencia disponible en la población pediátrica. Todavía no contamos con un instrumento específico para monitorear el síndrome en pediatría ni información sobre las secuelas en niños a largo plazo.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonographic Respiratory Variation in the Inferior Vena Cava, Subclavian Vein, Internal Jugular Vein, and Femoral Vein Diameter to Predict Fluid Responsiveness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the ultrasonographic variation of the diameter of the inferior vena cava (IVC), internal jugular vein (IJV), subclavian vein (SCV), and femoral vein (FV) to predict fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients. Relevant articles were obtained by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases (articles up to 21 October 2021). The number of true positives, false positives, false negatives, and true negatives for the index test to predict fluid responsiveness was collected. We used a hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics model and bivariate model for meta-analysis. Finally, 30 studies comprising 1719 patients were included in this review. The ultrasonographic variation of the IVC showed a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.75 and 0.83, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.86. In the subgroup analysis, there was no difference between patients on mechanical ventilation and those breathing spontaneously. In terms of the IJV, SCV, and FV, meta-analysis was not conducted due to the limited number of studies. The ultrasonographic measurement of the variation in diameter of the IVC has a favorable diagnostic accuracy for predicting fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients. However, there was insufficient evidence in terms of the IJV, SCV, and FV.
Charge collection in GaAs MESFETs and MODFETs

A comparison of the amount of charge collected at the drains of GaAs MESFETs irradiated with pulsed laser light and ions and having different gate lengths shows orders of magnitude more charge collected for 0.1 mu m MESFETs than for 1.2 mu m MESFETs manufactured using different processes. Analyses of the dependence of the photocurrent pulses on gate and drain voltages, temperature, and light intensity suggest that the enhanced charge collection is primarily due to modulation of the channel width by positive charge trapped in the vicinity of the channel. Enhanced charge collection via channel modulation also occurs in pseudomorphic MODFETs. Pulses with characteristics similar to those produced by laser light, i.e. large amplitudes and long decay times, were obtained when 0.1 mu m MESFETs were irradiated with He and Si ions. These results reveal the important role played by traps in determining SEU sensitivity in GaAs MESFETs with short gate lengths. >
Characterization of three phase flux reversal machine as an automotive generator

The three phase flux reversal machine (FRM) is a doubly-salient stator-permanent magnet (PM) machine with flux linkage reversal in the stator three phase concentrated windings. It can operate in both motoring and generating modes. In this paper, a prototype three phase flux reversal machine operating as a generator is studied both theoretically and experimentally. The equivalent model considering the core losses is obtained through extensive loss tests. A constant output voltage rectifier-chopper unit is then coupled with the loss model and the PSpice simulation is carried out. Hardware of the rectifier-chopper unit is then built and put into operation together with the FRM. Encouraging results are achieved indicating that the three phase FRM, with proper output control, is a viable option for the next generation automotive generator system with the merits of robustness, low cost, wide speed range and fast transient response. Whereas the studied machine in this paper is only a prototype, a new three phase FRM of improved design is being built and its projected performance in terms of the power density and the cogging torque is much better.
Long‐term changes in aberrant DNA methylation and gastritis after Helicobacter pylori eradication focused on metachronous gastric cancer

A persistently high methylation level in gastric mucosa after Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication is presumed to be a risk for metachronous gastric cancer (MGC); however, long‐term changes in aberrant DNA methylation and histological gastritis have been unclear. Our aim was to examine changes in DNA methylation and histological gastritis according to the occurrence of MGC.
Mechanical properties of fibre/ filler based poly(Lactic Acid) (Pla) composites : A brief review

Being a biodegradable polymer, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) based composites receive greater preference over non-biodegradable plastics. Poly(lactic acid) has to find its place in various applications such as polymer composites, agriculture, biomedical, etc. Polymer composites based on PLA possess comparable mechanical strength, endurance, flexibility and endures future opportunities. Several combinations of natural fibers and filler-based PLA composites have been fabricated and investigated for physical and mechanical changes. Moreover, several biopolymers and compatibilizers are added to PLA to provide rigidity. The paper presents a tabulated review of the various natural fiber/filter-based PLA composites and the preparation and outcomes. In addition, enhancement made by the reinforcement of nano filler in the PLA are also discussed in brief. The significance of PLA in the biomedical application has been discussed in brief. The paper also shed lights in the social and economic aspects of PLA.
Energy and carbon audit of a rooftop wind turbine

Abstract Microgeneration is being promoted as a means of lowering carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by replacing electricity from the grid with production from small domestic generators. One concern over this drive is that the use of smaller plant could lead to the loss of economies of scale. Partly, this relates to cost but also in terms of energy consumed and CO2 emitted over the life cycle of the microgenerator. Here, an analysis is presented of a life-cycle audit of the energy use and CO2 emissions for the ‘SWIFT’, a 1.5 kW rooftop-mounted, grid-connected wind turbine. The analysis shows that per kilowatt-hour of electricity generated by the turbine, the energy intensity and CO2 emissions are comparable with larger wind turbines and significantly lower than fossil-fuelled generation. With energy and carbon intensities sensitive to assumed levels of production, assessments were carried out for an annual production range of 1000–4000 kWh, representing capacity factors of 8–31 per cent. For the manufacturer's estimated production of 2000 to 3000 kWh and, giving credit for component recycling, the energy payback period was found to be between 17 and 25 months, whereas the CO2 payback was between 13 and 20 months. Across the full production range, the energy and carbon payback periods were 13–50 months and 10–39 months, respectively. A key outcome of the study is to inform the manufacturer of the opportunities for improving the energy and carbon intensities of the turbine. A simple example is presented showing the impact of replacing one of the larger aluminium components with alternative materials.
MECHANICALLY CONFORMAL AND ELECTRONICALLY RECONFIGURABLE APERTURES USING LOW VOLTAGE MEMS AND FLEXIBLE MEMBRANES FOR SPACE BASED RADAR APPLICATIONS

A new integrated wide band reconfigurable aperture array with associated wide band T/R functions on a flexible and foldable/rollable substrate for space based radar applications is proposed. Advanced MEMS and packaging techniques are used to make the antenna array light weight, mechanically and electrically reliable, and reproducible. Soft flexible substrates make the antenna foldable/rollable with the associated electronics on the opposite side of the substrate. The individually reconfigurable antenna element, which is suitable for inclusion in a large array, uses MEMS switches to select frequency bands of operation. These MEMS switches have low actuation voltages and stress-free operation, improving the reliability of individual array elements and the array as a whole. The reconfigurable antenna element is based on a low-profile conical radiator that provides greatly increased instantaneous bandwidth over microstrip patch antennas currently in place for phased array applications. Voltage-controlled MEMS switches are utilized so that the antenna element is capable of covering multiple bands, either contiguous or disparate, with each band having broad instantaneous bandwidth. Preliminary experiments have produced antenna elements with over 15% instantaneous bandwidth and 23% effective bandwidth achieved with one reconfiguration (3 switches). (The goal for contiguous effective bandwidth is 50%.) Design parameters under investigation include the element's shape, its position relative to the ground plane, the feed point design, and the number of sub-radiators included in the antenna as well as tuning element values and their positions on the antenna structure. The experimental results are backed up by computational data obtained using a novel low frequency, integral equation-based time domain solver.
Online rotor resistance estimation using the transient state under the speed sensorless control of induction motor

In the speed sensorless control of the induction motor, the machine parameters (especially rotor resistance R/sub 2/) have a strong influence on the speed estimation. It is known that the simultaneous estimation of the rotor speed and R/sub 2/ is impossible in the slip frequency type vector control, because the rotor flux is constant. But the rotor flux is not always constant in the speed transient state. In this paper, the R/sub 2/ estimation in the transient state without signal injection to the stator current is proposed. This algorithm uses the least mean square algorithm and the adaptive algorithm, and it is possible to estimate R/sub 2/ exactly. This algorithm is verified by the digital simulations and experiments.
The Component of the TAC Complex, TCD7, Controls Rice Chloroplast Development at the Early Seedling Stage under Cold Stress

Transcriptionally active chromosome (TAC) is a component of protein-DNA complexes with RNA polymerase activity found in chloroplasts. Although TAC in Arabidopsis thaliana has been extensively investigated, how the rice (Oryza sativa L.) TAC complex functions remains largely unknown. We report the characterization of the mutant thermosensitive chlorophyll-deficient7 (tcd7) and the cloning of TCD7. tcd7 mutant seedlings displayed an albino phenotype specifically at low temperatures and before the four-leaf stage. We identified TCD7 by map-based cloning followed by transgenic rescue and genome editing tests, showing that TCD7 encodes the putative TAC component FRUCTOKINASE-LIKE 2 (OsFLN2). TCD7 transcripts were highly abundant in green tissues, and the protein localized to chloroplasts. In agreement with the albino phenotype, transcript levels of genes controlling chloroplast development and the establishment of photosynthetic capacity were severely reduced in tcd7 seedlings at low temperatures, but were expressed as in the wild type at high temperatures, implying that TCD7 regulates the PEP pathway and chloroplast development. Moreover, TCD7 interacted with the thioredoxin OsTRXz to form an OsTRXz-TCD7 regulatory module, which might regulate plastid transcription under cold stress. Our results demonstrate that the nucleus-encoded TAC protein TCD7 protects chloroplast development from cold stress via a TRXz-FLN regulatory module.
Analysis of multisection and multielectrode semiconductor lasers

A general computer code is presented for the analysis of multisection and multielectrode laser structures. The code allows threshold and above-threshold analysis with uniform or nonuniform injection; temperature effects on material parameters are accounted for, as well as spatial hole burning, nonlinear gain, electrical leakage, etc. As an example, linewidth, side mode suppression ratio and wavelength versus output optical power in various quarter-wave shifted DFB lasers are evaluated and discussed. >
Reconfigurable Nonuniform Filter Bank for Hearing Aid Systems

Filter banks with good reconfigurability are desired in hearing aid systems due to the individual requirements of patients with different hearing loss characteristics. This paper proposes a modularized design approach of a completely reconfigurable nonuniform filter bank for hearing aid systems. The proposed filter bank structure consists of a multiband generation module and a subband extraction module, where the frequency warping technique is adopted. Based on theoretical analyses of second order frequency warping, the subband distribution can be flexibly controlled. Moreover, to adapt the subband extraction module design to the multiband generation module, the relationship between control parameters is analyzed and a mapping formula is derived. Through the co-design of the two modules, superior reconfigurability over existing methods is achieved. Application examples show that the proposed filter bank is able to provide multiple subbands distribution schemes that satisfy the requirements of different audiograms. The proposed filter bank structure has lower complexity, smaller delay and smaller matching errors than existing filter bank structures due to its flexible structure.
Monopoly in the container shipping market: an econometric approach

PurposeSince the 2010s, market conditions for container shipping companies have been deteriorating owing to decreasing container cargo trade and increasing supply capacity. This study aims to contribute to the empirical literature on the container shipping industry market structure. Specifically, this study aims to investigate the extent of market competition.Design/methodology/approachThis study analyzes the market structure and evaluates the market power of shipping companies through a non-structural test.FindingsThe H-statistic for the entire period of 2004–2018 was 0.37, which is significantly different from zero. This indicates the absence of monopoly pricing throughout the entire period. For the time-phased estimates, the H-statistic between 2004 and 2008 is 0.15, which is not significantly different from zero. On the other hand, the H-statistic from 2009 to 2018 was 0.40, which differs significantly from zero.Originality/valueAs the Far East Freight Conference had released tariffs and charge rates by item for container shipping routes, monopolistic pricing is said to have appeared until the European Union abolished the European Economic Community (No. 4056/86) in 2008, before the economic crisis. However, this study indicates that pricing in the container shipping industry has been distinctly non-monopolistic; further, competition seems to have intensified since 2008. Industry competitiveness is of interest not only to academics but also to practitioners, including policymakers, especially when considering competition policies.