Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High frequency applications based on a new current controlled conveyor

When the mixed translinear loop is used in a voltage follower implementation the value of its output resistance depends on its bias current. This property is used in the realization of a current controlled conveyor (CCCII), which has therefore its serial resistance on port X controlled by the bias current. The two basic implementations, that allow from a CCCII and without additive resistances to realize controlled voltage-current converters, are described. A current-controlled voltage-amplifier and a current-controlled current-amplifier are then analyzed. They are implemented from only two CCCIIs and do not require any passive component. The principal implementations for current controlled first-order transfer functions, operating either in voltage-mode or in current-mode, are introduced. They require one or two of the preceding controlled conveyors and use capacitors only. SPICE simulation results, obtained using the parameters of the HF3CMOS process from SGS THOMSON, are given for the CCCII and for its main applications. They confirm the validity of the theoretical analyzes and also underline the high frequency potential of the current controlled implementations introduced. A second-order bandpass filter, operating in voltage-mode, is also described. It is obtained from CCCIIs and two capacitors only. Its centre frequency, which is adjustable by acting on the control currents of the conveyors, is equal to 11.3 MHz for I/sub 0/=20 /spl mu/A and to 16.6 MHz for I/sub 0/=30 /spl mu/A. This variation produces very small changes in both the quality factor and the gain (variations less than 7%). Comparisons between existing OTA circuits and the ones implemented from controlled conveyors, are also given. They underline the advantage which result from implementations using controlled conveyors.
Development of a polarimetric optical fiber sensor for electronic measurement of high pressure

The theoretical understanding of the principle of pressure-induced polarization coupling is discussed, and the improved construction, operation, and temperature desensitization of a high-pressure (up to 100 MPa) fiber-optic sensor in two configurations is described. The sensor exploits the effect of polarization coupling between two orthogonally polarized eigenmodes of a highly birefringent, polarization-preserving optical fiber which serves as the sensing element. An idea of temperature desensitization of the sensor output signal is demonstrated. The requirements for an electronic measurement system based on the sensor are discussed, including indentification of the parametric and functional specifications and constraints of such a system. >
Lagrangian vs. Eulerian: An Analysis of Two Solution Methods for Free-Surface Flows and Fluid Solid Interaction Problems

As a step towards addressing a scarcity of references on this topic, we compared the Eulerian and Lagrangian Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approaches for the solution of free-surface and Fluid–Solid Interaction (FSI) problems. The Eulerian approach uses the Finite Element Method (FEM) to spatially discretize the Navier–Stokes equations. The free surface is handled via the volume-of-fluid (VOF) and the level-set (LS) equations; an Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) in conjunction with the Nitsche’s technique were applied to resolve the fluid–solid coupling. For the Lagrangian approach, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is the meshless discretization technique of choice; no additional equations are needed to handle free-surface or FSI coupling. We compared the two approaches for a flow around cylinder. The dam break test was used to gauge the performance for free-surface flows. Lastly, the two approaches were compared on two FSI problems—one with a floating rigid body dropped into the fluid and one with an elastic gate interacting with the flow. We conclude with a discussion of the robustness, ease of model setup, and versatility of the two approaches. The Eulerian and Lagrangian solvers used in this study are open-source and available in the public domain.
Using a Deductive Approach to Develop a Picture Elicitation Technique to Explore the Human-Nature Nexus

The field of ecopsychology focuses on the affective relationship between individuals and nature that is based on the premise that what individuals love and care for, they will protect. There is however a methodological gap within the field of ecopsychology that relates to the qualitative exploration of the human-nature nexus. Elicitation techniques are a popular method used for exploring subconscious processes or to engage participants in a subject that might seem abstract such as affect towards nature. Currently, there exists no methodological guideline on how to develop a picture elicitation technique to explore the human-nature nexus and there is no technique to assist with this exploration. This article describes the methodology used to develop the Nature Nexus Elicitation Technique to enable the tacit exploration of the affective relationship that individuals have with nature. Six phases of the elicitation technique development are explained. The phases included a Systematic Literature Review, parallel study conducted online (N = 43), emergent category validation, technique visual development, feasibility testing (N = 5), and technique use (N = 44). The results show the technique development processes as well as the output which is a range of cards that cover human-nature expressions that include intimacy, empathy, engagement, ambivalence, apathy, and alienation.
Temperature independent refractive index measurement using white light interferometry

In this work a fiber optic interferometric system for differential refractive index measurement is described. The system is based on a white light Mach-Zehnder configuration, with serrodyne phase modulation, to interrogate two similar nonadiabatic tapered optical fiber sensors in a differential scheme. In this situation it is possible to measure the refractive index independent of temperature. Signal processing with low cost digital instrumentation developed in Labview environment allows a detectable change in refractive index of Δn≈2x10-6, which is, from the best of our knowledge the highest resolution achieved using a fiber taper device. The results demonstrate the potential of the proposed scheme to operate as chemical and biological sensing platform.
Hybrid Double-D Sheet-Inducer for SQUID-based NDT

I. ~NTRODUCTION Eddy current techniques are commonly used for the detection of hidden material defects in the Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) of conducting structures. In conventional eddy current testing, an excitation coil generates an ac magnetic field at a distinct frequency. This field induces eddy currents in nearby conducting test objects. Eddy currents are deviated by any flaws within the material. The resulting field distortions are detected as impedance changes in normal metal pickup coils. Because of the law of induction, this technique is insensitive in the low frequency range <10 kHz. However, high frequency operation results in a decreased probability of detection for larger flaw depths. This is because the electrical skin depth 6 depends on the inverse root of the excitation frequency w according to
Optical receivers for smart-pixel applications

Proposals to use large amounts of optics inside complex digital systems such as switches and computers impose new opportunities and new constraints on the optical receiver to be used. Since the receiver may exist on the chip with the VLSI, constraints on layout area and power consumption are severe. Since the system may be local in nature, the use of multiple-beam receivers may be possible. Finally, locality also implies that timing information may be available, permitting the use of synchronous sense-amplifier-based optical receivers. Issues associated with these points are discussed as they relate to several different examples of smart- pixel receivers. Results include high-impedance FET-SEED optical receivers with 3 mW power consumption and 1 Gb/s operation, hybrid-CMOS (0.8 micrometer) transimpedance receivers operating at roughly 200 fJ/bit at 1 Gb/s and below 10 fJ/bit at 311 Mb/s consuming 8 mW, and sense-amplifier circuits consuming about 1 mW at 330 Mb/s and 100 fJ/bit.
Infrared Signature Modeling and Analysis of Aircraft Plume

Abstract In recent years, the survivability of an aircraft has been put to task more than ever before. One of the main reasons is the increase in the usage of Infrared (IR) guided Anti-Aircraft Missiles, especially due to the availability of Man Portable Air Defence System (MANPADS) with some terrorist groups. Thus, aircraft IR signatures are gaining more importance as compared to their radar, visual, acoustic, or any other signatures. The exhaust plume ejected from the aircraft is one of the important sources of IR signature in military aircraft that use low bypass turbofan engines for propulsion. The focus of the present work is modelling of spectral IR radiation emission from the exhaust jet of a typical military aircraft and to evaluate the aircraft susceptibility in terms of the aircraft lock-on range due to its plume emission, for a simple case against a typical Surface to Air Missile (SAM). The IR signature due to the aircraft plume is examined in a holistic manner. A comprehensive methodology of computing IR signatures and its affect on aircraft lock-on range is elaborated. Commercial CFD software has been used to predict the plume thermo-physical properties and subsequently an in-house developed code was used for evaluating the IR radiation emitted by the plume. The LOWTRAN code has been used for modeling the atmospheric IR characteristics. The results obtained from these models are in reasonable agreement with some available experimental data. The analysis carried out in this paper succinctly brings out the intricacy of the radiation emitted by various gaseous species in the plume and the role of atmospheric IR transmissivity in dictating the plume IR signature as perceived by an IR guided SAM.
Learning an Explainable Trajectory Generator Using the Automaton Generative Network (AGN)

Symbolic reasoning is a key component for enabling practical use of data-driven planners in autonomous driving. In that context, deterministic finite state automata (DFA) are often used to formalize the underlying high-level decision-making process. Manual design of an effective DFA can be tedious. In combination with deep learning pipelines, DFA can serve as an effective representation to learn and process complex behavioral patterns. The goal of this work is to leverage that potential. We propose the automaton generative network (AGN), a differentiable representation of DFAs. The resulting neural network module can be used standalone or as an embedded component within a larger architecture. In evaluations on deep learning based autonomous vehicle planning tasks, we demonstrate that incorporating AGN improves the explainability, sample efficiency, and generalizability of the model.
False heads and sexual behaviour in a hairstreak butterfly, Callophrys xami (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

In several butterfl ies, the posterior end of the hindwings resembles a butterfl y head when the butterfl y is perched with its wings closed. There is evidence that this “false head” (FH) defl ects predator attacks towards non-vital parts of the body. If the FH protects from visually oriented predators, its condition in an individual butterfl y could provide information about its quality to prospective mates. We tested two hypotheses based on this idea by comparing the probability of mating, duration of copulation and size of the ejaculate received by females of Callophrys xami (Lycaenidae) with an intact FH and those with an ablated FH in a paired experiment. The absence of a FH had no effect on the probability of mating, but females with an ablated FH copulated for longer and received larger ejaculates, which supports the hypothesis that males prefer females with damaged FHs because this reveals the female’s ability to defl ect attacks. Male or female (or both) cryptic choice could also account for our results, but more studies are needed to test this. * Corresponding author; e-mail: cordero@ecologia.unam. mx INTRODUCTION Deception is widespread in nature (Wickler, 1968; Ruxton et al., 2004; Howse, 2014; Stevens, 2016). In several species, some individuals provide misleading information that results in fi tness benefi ts for them and fi tness costs for the “tricked” organisms (Ruxton et al., 2014; Stevens, 2016). A classic example of deception is the “false head” present in many butterfl y species of the family Lycaenidae (Robbins, 1980). In these species, the posterior end of the hindwings resembles the head of a butterfl y that is perching with its wings closed. This resemblance is reinforced by specifi c behaviour, such as the back and forth movement of the hindwings that helps the hindwings tails (the “false antennae”) simulate the movements of real antennae (López-Palafox et al., 2015). This false head (FH hereafter) is explained as an adaptation that defl ects attacks from predators to non-vital parts of the body (Robbins, 1980; Cordero, 2001). There are only two experimental tests of this idea using species of Lycaenidae (Sourakov, 2013; López Palafox & Cordero, 2017), and in one case the results were inconsistent with the hypothesis (López Palafox & Cordero, 2017). However, comparative data on failed predator attacks on the hindwings support the predictions Eur. J. Entomol. 118: 394–398, 2021 doi: 10.14411/eje.2021. 040
Dual-element induction cooking unit using power MOSFETs

This paper describes a dual-element induction cooking unit using power MOSFETs. The circuit is based on a single-ended push-pull design which enables individual full-range power control of two induction cooking elements from one inverter power supply. Throughout the work provision is made for the inclusion of individual-element automatic power level circuitry.
Is the I-PACE (Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution) model valid in South Korea? The effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on internet gaming disorder and the mediating effect of stress on adolescents

Abstract Background and aims The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on internet gaming disorder (IGD) and the mediating effect of stress based on the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model. Methods The 2017 survey data from one community addiction management center in South Korea were analyzed. A sample of 3,593 adolescents (mean age = 13.75 years, SD = 2.22) were recruited from 23 elementary, middle and high schools and 11 local children’s centers. The mediating effect was analyzed by the three-step analysis method. Results Our study found that ACEs had a significant effect on the stress score (B = 1.420, P < 0.001) and the stress scale score had a significant effect the IGD score (B = 0.127, P < 0.001). After adjusting for the stress score in the model, ACEs had a significant effect on the IGD score (B = 0.328, P < 0.001), and the stress score had partial mediating effects (B = 0.1802, 95% C. I: 0.131–0.239). Discussion We found that ACEs directly affect IGD and that ACEs directly affect IGD through stress in support of the I-PACE model. In the sensitivity analysis, the mediating effect of stress in the low-risk IGD group was significant, but the mediating effect of stress in the high-risk IGD group was not significant. Prior ACEs should be considered when interviewing IGD clients. In addition, enhancing stress management skills would be beneficial to IGD clients with a history of ACEs, and actions reducing exposure to ACEs in childhood are necessary.
An On-board Information Transmission Unit Based on the CALM

This paper proposed a vehicle-to-vehicle communication unit deployment method for vehicle infrastructure integration applications. One major technical challenge addressed in this paper is to achieve short delay communications between vehicles in various road situations. On-board information transmission unit (OBITU) is regarded as the ultimate carrier of information interaction in VANETs. The authors present the architecture of OBITU based on the analysis of standardization developments about DSRC and several related projects worldwide. A design solution and realization methods of physical layer technology are discussed in detail. A protocol of transport layer based on non-IP method, Communications, Air-interface, Long and Medium range Fast (CALM Fast) protocol, is used. The design approach has the potential for easy deployment while supporting DSRC standards.
Possibilities of gamification in online learning at the University of Žilina

Research background: The current classical education system also used at the University of Žilina has certain gamification elements. However, it does not meet needs of most students, and is even very demotivating for a large proportion of students. Students perceive studying only as their duty, instead of perceiving it as something they enjoy and like to do. With the advent of modern technologies, the way of teaching without them is beginning to seem uninteresting and often ineffective. Purpose of the article: The COVID-19 global pandemic and the necessary national measures taken to combat the spread of the virus can significantly disrupt the provision of education. According to Resolution on the future of European education in the context of Covid-19 now is the right time to rethink and modernize curricula and procedures and accelerate change, by promoting digitization and innovation through gamification as well. The purpose of the paper is detect the possibilities of gamification in online learning at the University of Žilina. Methods: The survey was conducted to obtain the necessary primary data. It was statistically tested by one-way ANOVA, which represents the option of analysis of variance. Findings & Value added: The aim of the paper is to find a statistically significantly different segment of students from the University of Žilina, who have greatly expressed interest in gamification in online learning in order to increase their motivation.
Custo energético por distância em diferentes velocidades de caminhada em mulheres obesas Energy cost per distance at different speeds of walking in obese women

The aim of the study was to compare the energy cost per distance in different speeds of walking. The A sample of 13 sedentary obese women (IMC=33.82 ± 2.95 kg/m2) voluntary participated in the study. To determine the energy cost per distance (m/min), we measured the respiratory exchanges in a treadmill protocol that consisted of 5 stages of training of 4 minutes, with 4 minutes of rest, increasing speeds (3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 km/h and the self-selected speed of walking - VCAS). We measured the VCAS through the average of the time to cover a track of 50 meters of length. The energy expenditure per distance was defined as: (gross economy = VO 2 [ml/kg.min] divided by the speed [m/min]). Results indicated that VO 2
Polish Adaptation of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ): The Role of Eating Style in Explaining Food Intake—A Cross-Sectional Study

Knowledge of associations between emotional, external, and restrained eating with food choices is still limited due to the inconsistent results of the previous research. The aim of the study was to adopt the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and then to examine the relationship between emotional, external, and restrained eating styles and dietary patterns distinguished on the basis of intake of fruit and vegetables (fresh and processed separately), fruit and/or vegetable unsweetened juices, sweets and salty snacks, and the adequacy of fruit and vegetable intake. The cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020, in a sample of 1000 Polish adults. The questionnaire consisted of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, questions on selected food groups intake, and metrics. DEBQ structure was tested using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA, CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM), while multi-group analysis was used to test measurement invariance. Logistic regression was applied to investigate the association between eating styles and dietary patterns, identified with the use of K-means cluster analysis. EFA, CFA and SEM revealed a three-factor, 29-item tool with satisfactory psychometric parameters. Restrained eating (ResEat) and external eating (ExtEat) were found to decrease chances of low intake of both favorable (fruit, vegetables, and unsweetened juices) and unfavorable (sweets and salty snacks) foods and increased the chances of their moderate intake. ResEat increased the probability of the high intake of favorable and moderate or high intake of unfavorable foods. ResEat and ExtEat were predisposed to adequate intake of fruit and vegetables while emotional eating had the opposite effect. Gender, education, and BMI were also found to determine food intake. Our results provide evidence that both eating styles and sociodemographic characteristics should be taken into account while explaining food intake as they may favor healthy and unhealthy eating in different ways.
INTELLIGENT MACHINE VISION SYSTEM FOR ROAD TRAFFIC SIGN RECOGNITION

We proposed an intelligent machine vision system to recognize traffic signs captured from a video camera installed in a vehicle. By recognizing the traffic signs automatically, it helps the driver to recognize the signs properly when drivig, to avoid accidents caused by mis-recognized the traffic signs.The system is divided into two stages : detection stage to localize signs from a whole image, and classification stage that classifies the detected sign into one of the reference signs. A geometric fragmentation technique, a method somewhat similar to Genetic Algorithm (GA) is employed to detect circular sign. Then a ring partitioned method that divides an image into several ring-shaped areas is used to classify the signs. From the experimental results, the proposed techniques are able to recognize traffic sign images under the problems of illumination changes, rotation, and occlusion efficiently.
PWM-rectifier/voltage-source inverter without DC link components for induction motor drive

Voltage-source inverters are normally equipped with an electrolyte capacitor in their DC link. A voltage-source inverter without DC link components is proposed to eliminate the electrolytic capacitor which has a short life compared with an AC capacitor (metalised polyester film, etc.). This inverter system requires an AC filter composed of L and C in the AC source side. In this case, the most important problem is the reduction of AC filter capacity. To achieve this reduction, the rectifier section is operated by PWM control. The waveform of the AC source current is also improved. Steady-state analysis, the calculated characteristics of the AC filter capacity and the waveforms of voltage and current are described for a 0.75 kW induction motor driven by the system. The AC filter capacity is reduced to about 38% of the rectifier without PWM. Measured waveforms are presented for a motor slip of 4%. The stability with, and without, DC link components, is also discussed.
Study on Collision Algorithm of Virtual Gear Measuring Center

This paper introduces the concept of virtual gear measuring center. With different type of probe, the mode of collision between the probe and the workpiece divides into touch-type collision and continuous scanning collision. Combining with collision algorithm at home and abroad, the collision algorithm is improved. And the application of two collision detections in the virtual gear measuring center is analyzed.