Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fetal Abdomen Circumference Percentile Changes with Zinc Therapy on Pregnant women

Aim: To assess the percentile change in fetal abdominal circumference by giving zinc to pregnant women Methods: This is an observational analytical study with a prospective design. The sample was pregnant women who did antenatal care examinations at the University of North Sumatra Hospital and other private hospitals in the city of Medan during the 2020 study period who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sampling using consecutive sampling technique with 31 sample size. Statistical data were analyzed using independent sample t-test data and correlation and linear regression tests with a significance level of p=0.05. Results: The mean fetal abdominal circumference before treatment in zinc group was 153.15 mm (SD = 26.74 mm) while in the control group was 148.85 mm (SD = 40.06 mm). There was no significant difference in mean fetal abdominal circumference between the treatment and control groups (p = 0.692). The size of the fetal abdominal circumference after zinc administration increased to 282.15 mm (SD = 24.63 mm), there was a significant difference in the size of the fetal abdominal circumference before and after the administration of zinc tablets (p<0.001). The increase in fetal abdominal circumference in the zinc-treated group was 129 mm (SD = 8.29 mm) while in the control group it was 117.55 mm (SD = 9.89 mm). Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the size of the fetal abdominal circumference between the group of mothers who were given zinc tablets and the control group.
Understanding the New-Keynesian Model When Monetary Policy Switches Regimes

This paper studies a New-Keynesian model in which monetary policy may switch between regimes. We derive sufficient conditions for indeterminacy that are easy to implement and we show that the necessary and sufficient condition for determinacy, provided by Davig and Leeper, is necessary but not sufficient. More importantly, we use a two-regime model to show that indeterminacy in a passive regime may spill over to an active regime, no matter how active the latter regime is. As a result, a passive monetary policy is more damaging than has been previously thought. Our results imply that the propagation of shocks in an active regime, such as that of the Federal Reserve in the post-1982 period, may be substantially affected by the possibility of a return to a passive regime of the kind that was followed in the 1960s and 1970s.
Trends in Oceanic Captures and Clustering of large Marine Ecosysems: Twos Studies based on the FAO capture database

Species items reported in the FAO capture fisheries production database have been classified as oceanic or living on the continental shelves. A preliminary work on the re-arrangement of FAO capture data into large marine ecosystems' (LME) borders was prepared in 1999. In the meantime, following a study funded by the World Resource Institute (WRI), oceanic species in the FAO capture database were identified and subdivided into epipelagic and deep-water species. As a consequence, it was decided to revise the species included in the LME project, excluding those categorized as oceanic to obtain two complete separate sets of species items from the FAO capture database. This document contains the LME study, encompassing the re-arrangement of FAO statistics, and the report to WRI on trends of oceanic catches analysed over a 50-year period (1950-1999) and by FAO fishing area.
Long‐distance migrants vary migratory behaviour as much as short‐distance migrants: An individual‐level comparison from a seabird species with diverse migration strategies

Abstract As environmental conditions fluctuate across years, seasonal migrants must determine where and when to move without comprehensive knowledge of conditions beyond their current location. Animals can address this challenge by following cues in their local environment to vary behaviour in response to current conditions, or by moving based on learned or inherited experience of past conditions resulting in fixed behaviour across years. It is often claimed that long‐distance migrants are more fixed in their migratory behaviour because as distance between breeding and wintering areas increases, reliability of cues to predict distant and future conditions decreases. While supported by some population‐level studies, the influence of migration distance on behavioural variation is seldom examined on an individual level. Lesser black‐backed gulls Larus fuscus are generalist seabirds that use a diversity of migration strategies. Using high‐resolution multi‐year GPS tracking data from 82 individuals from eight colonies in Western Europe, we quantified inter‐ and intra‐individual variation in non‐breeding distributions, winter site fidelity, migration routes and timing of migration, with the objectives of determining how much variation lesser black‐backed gulls have in their migratory behaviour and examining whether variation changes with migration distance. We found that intra‐individual variation was significantly lower than variation between individuals for non‐breeding distributions, winter site fidelity, migration routes and timing of migration, resulting in consistent individual strategies for all behaviours examined. Yet, intra‐individual variation ranged widely among individuals (e.g. winter site overlap: 0–0.91 out of 1; migration timing: 0–192 days), and importantly, individual differences in variation were not related to migration distance. The apparent preference for maintaining a consistent strategy, present in even the shortest distance migrants, suggests that familiarity may be more advantageous than exactly tracking current environmental conditions. Yet, variation in behaviour across years was observed in many individuals and could be substantial. This suggests that individuals, irrespective of migration distance, have the capacity to adjust to current conditions within the broad confines of their individual strategies, and occasionally, even change their strategy.
The geologically oldest specimen of Pterodactylus : a new exquisitely preserved skeleton from the Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) Plattenkalk deposits of Painten (Bavaria, Germany)

Pterodactylus from the uppermost Jurassic of southern Germany represents one of the most iconic pterosaurs, due to its status of being the first member of the Pterosauria to have been described and named. During the early phase of pterosaur research, Pterodactylus was a wastebasket taxon containing dozens of sometimes distantly related assigned species. Decades later, a comprehensive revision of the genus significantly reduced the number of species. To date, only one species remains in the genus, Pterodactylus antiquus , although the referral of several specimens to this taxon and the taxonomic relationships of them is still debated. Thus far, the genus has been only reported from the Upper Jurassic Plattenkalk deposits of Bavaria, and all of these occurrences are Tithonian in age. Here we describe the first record of Pterodactylus from the Torleite Formation near Painten (Bavaria), which represents the first occurrence of the genus from the Kimmeridgian. The specimen is a complete, articulated and exquisitely preserved skeleton of a small-sized individual. Aside from its old geological age, it is a typical representative of the genus, greatly resembling other specimens from younger strata. Certain characters, such as the overall size, skull length, relative orbit size, and phalangeal formula indicate that the specimen from Painten represents a juvenile to young subadult individual, an ontogenetic stage rarely found among Pterodactylus specimens. The find significantly expands the temporal range of the taxon and represents one of the best-preserved specimens of the genus reported so far.
Temperature Sensor with Buffer-Chain based Time-to-Digital Converter for Ultra-Low Voltage Operation

This paper proposes a Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) based temperature sensor that aims to operate with an ultra-low voltage electromotive force for IoT applications with energy harvesting. Sub-threshold circuit design was exploited for the operation at ultra-low supply voltage. The proposed circuit uses the characteristics of leakage current for temperature measurement. The virtual ground node in the proposed sensor is charged up by leakage current and the charging time changes with the temperature. To measure the temperature-dependent charging time, we used a buffer-chain based TDC to achieve ultra-low voltage operation. Simulation results demonstrated that the minimum supply voltage for the proposed circuit is 0.15V. The power consumption is 407nW and sensing time is 180ns at 25℃. The measurable temperature range is from -40℃ to 85℃. The proposed circuit was designed with Renesas SOTB 65nm process. Simulation evaluation was conducted using HSPICE.
THE NEW ERA OF TURBULENCE : Peacemaking Trends in Post-Carbon Times

Based on an empirical comparison of peace processes in carbon-dependent economies over time, this article investigates the impact of decarbonisation and the related decline of political finance in respective political marketplaces on peacemaking. It argues that, while the period of high oil prices in the mid-2000s was characterised several significant peace deals that attempted comprehensive settlements, the decline of oil prices in the years from 2013 to 2021 has led to a new era of turbulence. The reasons for these patterns are the availability and subsequent decline of political finance that enabled elite buy in at a large scale in “big tent” politics, as well as the rise and decline of strategic interest in geopolitical stability by international powers.
How birds weather the weather: avian migration in the mid-latitudes

By altering its ﬂight altitude, a bird can change the atmospheric conditions it experiences during migration. Although many factors potentially inﬂuence a bird’s decision to choose a particular altitude for migration, wind is generally accepted as being the most inﬂuential. Nonetheless, studies indicate that the inﬂuence of wind is not so clearly deﬁned, particularly outside of the trade-wind zone, and that other factors may play a role. The aim of this study was to determine which factors inﬂuenced the altitude distribution of birds during nocturnal migration. We used operational weather radar to measure the ﬂight altitudes of nocturnally migrating birds during spring and autumn in the Netherlands. We ﬁrst determined if nightly altitude distributions of proportional bird density could be explained by vertical distributions of wind support using three diﬀerent techniques from previous research. We then applied a stepwise regression analysis using Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) to determine which atmospheric variables, in addition to altitude, best explained variability in proportional bird density per altitude layer per night. We found that migrants generally remained at low altitudes in this area and that altitude alone explained 52 and 73% of the observed variability in proportional bird density in spring and autumn, respectively. Overall, we found weak correlations between altitudinal distributions of wind support and
GENETICS OF BIPOLAR DISORDER: WHERE WE ARE AND WHERE WE ARE GOING

John I. Nurnberger Jr., M.D., Ph.D. is the Joyce and Iver Small Professor of Psychiatry and Director of the Institute of Psychiatric Research in the Department of Psychiatry at Indiana University School of Medicine in Indianapolis. He is an expert in psychiatric genetics and psychopharmacology. He has developed methods for the identification of genes important in human behavior. Currently, he is involved in national and international collaborative efforts to localize and identify such genes with a concentration in the areas of affective disorders, alcohol dependence, and autism. He also has a particular interest in follow-up studies of adolescents from families with multiple cases of psychiatric illness. He is a Fellow of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology and a Fellow of the American Psychopathological Association as well as a Distinguished Life Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association. He serves as a member of the Board of Directors of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics and is founding editor of the international journal Psychiatric Genetics. He enjoys teaching medical students and residents in the areas of mood disorders and he runs several clinics with residents specializing in bipolar disorder and recurrent depression.
Value Relevance of Accounting Information: A Review of Recently Reported Evidences from Sri Lanka

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between and commonalities among recent empirical evidences reported on value relevance of accounting information of listed companies in Sri Lanka. This paper therefore reviews seven recent empirical studies conducted in Sri Lanka on value reverence of accounting information. The review finds that nearly all studies have used price regression model of Ohlson (1995) and thus used book value of equity per share and or earning per share as accounting information to predict market price per share. All studies reviewed have concluded that accounting information of companies listed in Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) is value relevant. It is hence confirmed that accounting information significantly influence firms’ equity valuation in Sri Lanka. It is also deducted that earning parameters which summarize the income statement better explain the share price than book value or similar measures that brief financial position statement. All these studies have covered the periods prior to the accounting reform in 2012 in which Sri Lanka enforced LKAS and SLFRS that were fully converged to respectively IAS and IFRS. It is therefore recommended to investigate the value relevance of accounting information in post IFRS adoption periods and to explore the impact of IFRS adoption on value relevance of accounting information.
A comparison of letrozole and tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer.

BACKGROUND The aromatase inhibitor letrozole is a more effective treatment for metastatic breast cancer and more effective in the neoadjuvant setting than tamoxifen. We compared letrozole with tamoxifen as adjuvant treatment for steroid-hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. METHODS The Breast International Group (BIG) 1-98 study is a randomized, phase 3, double-blind trial that compared five years of treatment with various adjuvant endocrine therapy regimens in postmenopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer: letrozole, letrozole followed by tamoxifen, tamoxifen, and tamoxifen followed by letrozole. This analysis compares the two groups assigned to receive letrozole initially with the two groups assigned to receive tamoxifen initially; events and follow-up in the sequential-treatment groups were included up to the time that treatments were switched. RESULTS A total of 8010 women with data that could be assessed were enrolled, 4003 in the letrozole group and 4007 in the tamoxifen group. After a median follow-up of 25.8 months, 351 events had occurred in the letrozole group and 428 events in the tamoxifen group, with five-year disease-free survival estimates of 84.0 percent and 81.4 percent, respectively. As compared with tamoxifen, letrozole significantly reduced the risk of an event ending a period of disease-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.70 to 0.93; P=0.003), especially the risk of distant recurrence (hazard ratio, 0.73; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.60 to 0.88; P=0.001). Thromboembolism, endometrial cancer, and vaginal bleeding were more common in the tamoxifen group. Women given letrozole had a higher incidence of skeletal and cardiac events and of hypercholesterolemia. CONCLUSIONS In postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive breast cancer, adjuvant treatment with letrozole, as compared with tamoxifen, reduced the risk of recurrent disease, especially at distant sites. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00004205.)
Conflict in object affordance revealed by grip force

Viewing objects can result in automatic, partial activation of motor plans associated with them—“object affordance”. Here, we recorded grip force simultaneously from both hands in an object affordance task to investigate the effects of conflict between coactivated responses. Participants classified pictures of objects by squeezing force transducers with their left or right hand. Responses were faster on trials where the object afforded an action with the same hand that was required to make the response (congruent trials) compared to the opposite hand (incongruent trials). In addition, conflict between coactivated responses was reduced if it was experienced on the preceding trial, just like Gratton adaptation effects reported in “conflict” tasks (e.g., Eriksen flanker). This finding suggests that object affordance demonstrates conflict effects similar to those shown in other stimulus–response mapping tasks and thus could be integrated into the wider conceptual framework on overlearnt stimulus–response associations. Corrected erroneous responses occurred more frequently when there was conflict between the afforded response and the response required by the task, providing direct evidence that viewing an object activates motor plans appropriate for interacting with that object. Recording continuous grip force, as here, provides a sensitive way to measure coactivated responses in affordance tasks.
The Creep of Ice, Geothermal Heat Flow, and Roosevelt Island, Antarctica

Abstract Measurements of ice velocity, thickness, and surface topography on the large ice rise known as Roosevelt Island are consistent with Glen’s flow law, , for values of τ between 5 × 104 N m–2 and 1.4 × 105 N m–2, and there is no indication of a reduction in n at low stresses. If n = 3 there must be progressive softening of the ice towards the edge of the ice rise, and this probably represents the combined effects of warming and recrystallization leading to a fabric favoring shear. Assuming that near the centre of the ice rise, where the effects of recrystallization are probably negligible, the ice behaves in the same way as randomly-oriented polycrystalline ice, then the geothermal flux G in this area is approximately 0.06 W m–2. In the absence of measurements of deep-ice temperatures, the distribution of G across the ice rise cannot be determined. However, the simplest interpretation of the movement data requires: (1) a linear increase in G from 0.05 W m–2 on the north-east side of Roosevelt Island to 0.07 W m–2 in the south-west, and (2) strain-rate enhancement, due to recrystallization, that increases outward from the centre of the ice rise to reach a maximum value of approximately two near the edges. The calculated values of G are larger than the world average, but this is consistent with the probably granitic core beneath Roosevelt Island. An increase in G of 0.02 W m–2 in a distance of 60 km would require an increase in granite thickness of about 5 km.
Close-to-nature Design and Management：Developing Effective and Harmonious Urban Forest in China

The plantation occupies great proportion in urban forest in many cities in China. The design and management for urban forest supplements each other. The design decides the orientation of management, while the management also affects the landscape effects and ecological benefits of the design in reverse. There are many issues on design and management of urban forest. For example, some designs only emphasize the visual impression while ignoring the ecological benefits, the problems of simplifying the forest layer structure and purifying its species composition are ubiquitous, It is short of comprehensive analysis of local environment conditions, the phenomena are very outstanding in learning foreign or other city's model by copying mechanically. The management model is not only monotonous, but also behind the step of urban development and the human demand for returning to nature. These unreasonable designs and managements are one of the main reasons for lower ecological benefits, and also caused some other bad aftereffects, such as lower biodiversity and high cost of management, etc. So the thought of close-to-nature design and management in urban forest is proposed and its feasibility and methods are discussed in the paper.
PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN LAGOS STATE : THE IMPLICATIONS OF FINANCE

A. J. Abosede, B. A. Hassan and R. O. Oko-Oza Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria E-mail:allybanjo@gmail.com, +234-815-7711-895 Abstract The main aim of this study is to examine the impact of finance on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Lagos State. The research design adopted for this study is survey research design. Data analysis and hypotheses test from 250 SME owners and operators using Pearson correlation and regression analysis indicate that, there is a relationship between SME finance and business performance. Limited information on loan qualification criteria and high interest rate mostly pose challenge to SMEs in their quest to access finance. Results also show there is significant relationship between financial management practices and the performance of SMEs. Sequel to findings of the study, it is recommended that government Flexible arrangements should be put in place for SMEs in Lagos State to enable them access fund. Government should find way to encourage financial institution to lend to SMEs by providing guarantees, interest rate subsidies and other incentives.
Coastal mass tourism : diversification and sustainable development in southern Europe

Mass tourism, diversification and sustainability in southern Europe's coastal regions, B Bramwell public policies for coastal tourism and sustainability in southern Europe, B Bramwell. Coastal tourism - impacts and policies: Crete - endowed by nature, privileged by geography, threatened by tourism? , H Briassoulis tourism development in Greek insular and coastal areas, P Tsartas tourism growth, national development and regional inequality in Turkey, C Tosun, et al problems of island tourism development - the Greek insular regions, K. Andriotis sustainable tourism planning in northern Cyprus, J Sadler. Mass tourism coastal resorts and sustainable development: learning from experience? progress towards a sustainable future for tourism in the central and eastern Andaluc an, M Barke & J Towner measuring sustainability in a mass tourism destination, F Vera Rebollo & J Ivars Baidal the planning and practice of coastal zone management in south-west Spain, R Rodriguez, et al using EMAS and local agenda 21 as tools towards sustainability - the case of a Catalan coastal resort X, Campillo-Besses, et al environmental initiatives in the hotel sector in Greece, A Chatziathanassiou, et al Diversified coastal tourism and sustainable development: sustainable tourism - utopia or necessity? the role of new forms of tourism in the Aegean islands, I Spilanis & H Vayanni the oxymoron of sustainable tourism, M Schmidt di Friedberg tourism, modernisation and development on the island of Cyprus, R Sharpley tourism, culture and cultural tourism in Malta, N Theuma coffee shop meets casino - cultural responses to casino tourism development in northern Cyprus, J Scott rejuvenation, diversification and imagery - sustainability conflicts for tourism policy in the eastern Adriatic, D Hall.
Understanding the Navstar: GPS, GIS, and IVHS

Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition The science of navigation The Navstar GPS Performance comparisons for today's radionavigation systems User-set architecture User-set performance Differential navigation and pseudo-satellites Interferometry techniques Integrated navigation systems Interoperability with other navigation systems The Navstar satellites Precise time synchronization Digital avionics and air traffic control Geodetic surveying and satellite positioning Military applications Civil applications Geographical information systems Intelligent vehicle highway systems Appendices Glossary Bibliography Index.