Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IMPERFECT GRAIN IDENTIFICATION OF WHEAT BASED ON IMAGE PROCESSING AND CNN

In order to realize the rapid, comprehensive and nondestructive identification of imperfect grains of wheat, image processing and CNN recognition methods can be applied by collecting the imperfect grains and perfect grains mentioned in the national quality standard of wheat. Image processing can make the output image have better effect, which is convenient for image analysis and recognition. Image preprocessing includes image acquisition, graying, median filtering, image segmentation and so on. The classical classification network LeNet-5 in convolutional neural network (CNN) takes the preprocessed image as the input and adds batch normalization (BN). BN algorithm can speed up the decline speed of training gradient, increase the convergence speed of the model, and increase the stability of the model. It can recognize the image and evaluate the performance with the accuracy of the test set. It avoids complex feature extraction steps and effectively improves the recognition rate of wheat grains, which is of great significance to the intelligent detection and recognition of wheat.
Solvable structures of a simple model of earthquakes

This paper propose an extension of Random Domino Automaton by introducing extra parameter related to a very short-distance interactions between clusters which allows to isolate influence two mechanisms of clusters grow, namely enlarging and coalescence. In this setting statistically stationary state under assumption of independence of clusters is investigated and respective set of equations is derived. Moreover, a special solvable case is studied in detail and it is shown how to derive Motzkin numbers out of the automaton for a family of parameters without considering a limit.
A note on the component structure in random graphs with tunable clustering

We study the component structure in random intersection graphs with tunable clustering, and show that the average degree works as a threshold for a phase transition for the size of the largest component. That is, if the expected degree is less than one, the size of the largest component is $O_{p}(\log n)$, but if the average degree is greater than one, a single large component of size $O_{p}(n)$ emerges, and there will only be a finite number of small vertices of size less than $O_{p}(\log n)$.
Advanced Stage Hepatic Fibrosis With Normal Liver Chemistries: A Case Report

This is a case report on a patient with biopsy-proven stage 2 hepatic fibrosis who routinely has had normal liver chemistries. This is important because liver chemistry tests are the standard physicians use to assess general liver health. There is not an abundance of research on patients with advanced hepatic fibrosis who have normal liver chemistries, but the research that is available all agree that liver biopsy is the better way to get a clear picture of the disease state of the liver. Biopsies of the liver are not as easily accessible or as cost-effective as simple blood work though. Patients are also less likely to agree to undergo a procedure than to get blood drawn. These are all obstacles in regard to changing the standard in determining liver health from laboratory work to liver biopsies, in addition to liver chemistries. This case report aids in the research already available on how normal liver chemistries should not automatically rule out hepatic fibrosis. This patient proves that fibrosis can be happening, and the blood tests are not reflecting that change. Due to this, further research and investigation on liver fibrosis and normal liver chemistries should be done.
Classical Electromagnetic Fields of Moving Charges as a Vehicle to Probe the Connection between the Elementary Charge and Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle

The radiation fields generated when a charged particle is incident on or moving away from a perfectly conducting plane are obtained. These fields are known in the literature as transition radiation. The field equations derived thus are used to evaluate the energy, momentum and the action associated with the radiation. The results show that for a charged particle moving with speed ν, the longitudinal momentum associated with the transition radiation is approximately equal to ΔU/c for values of 1- ν/c smaller than about 10-3 where ΔU is the total radiated energy dissipated during the interaction and cis the speed of light in free space. The action of the radiation, defined as the product of the total energy dissipated and the duration of the emission, increases as 1- ν/c decreases and, for an electron, it becomes equal to h/4π when ν = c - νm where νm is the speed pertinent to the lowest possible momentum associated with a particle confined inside the universe and h is the Planck constant. Combining these results with Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, an expression that predicts the value of the elementary charge is derived.
Tavole semantiche per sistemi astratti di logica estensionale

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On fusion schemes for multiclass object classification with reject in a given ensemble of sources

Given ensemble of the different modality sources, we investigated two data fusion schemes for constructing metric-based multiclass classifiers with a reject option. The decisions made for the composite objects given by the collections of the source objects of the same class with one object per each source. The fusion schemes are based on using different compositions. The first scheme uses the composition of the decisions on the objects of the individual sources and this scheme is known as the fusion by the weighted majority vote or WMV scheme. The second scheme uses the composition in a form of the general dissimilarity measure between any pair of the composite objects. This scheme is original and it is called by GDM scheme. We constructed multiclass classifiers as the appropriate collections of NN or SVM elementary “class-vs-all” classifiers. We performed classification experiments in the ensemble of decorrelated components of face RGB images. We shown that GDM scheme gives fewer error rates with respect to WMV scheme.
On the indeterministic nature of star formation on the cloud scale

Molecular clouds are turbulent structures whose star formation efficiency (SFE) is strongly affected by internal stellar feedback processes. In this paper we determine how sensitive the SFE of molecular clouds is to randomised inputs in the star formation feedback loop, and to what extent relationships between emergent cloud properties and the SFE can be recovered. We introduce the yule suite of 26 radiative magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) simulations of a 10,000 solar mass cloud similar to those in the solar neighbourhood. We use the same initial global properties in every simulation but vary the initial mass function (IMF) sampling and initial cloud velocity structure. The final SFE lies between 6 and 23 percent when either of these parameters are changed. We use Bayesian mixed-effects models to uncover trends in the SFE. The number of photons emitted early in the cluster's life and the length of the cloud provide are the strongest predictors of the SFE. The HII regions evolve following an analytic model of expansion into a roughly isothermal density field. The more efficient feedback is at evaporating the cloud, the less the star cluster is dispersed. We argue that this is because if the gas is evaporated slowly, the stars are dragged outwards towards surviving gas clumps due to the gravitational attraction between the stars and gas. While star formation and feedback efficiencies are dependent on nonlinear processes, statistical models describing cloud-scale processes can be constructed.
Integrable models and combinatorics

Relations between quantum integrable models solvable by the quantum inverse scattering method and some aspects of enumerative combinatorics and partition theory are discussed. The main example is the Heisenberg spin chain in the limit cases of zero or infinite anisotropy. Form factors and some thermal correlation functions are calculated, and it is shown that the resulting form factors in a special -parametrization are the generating functions for plane partitions and self-avoiding lattice paths. The asymptotic behaviour of the correlation functions is studied in the case of a large number of sites and a moderately large number of spin excitations. For sufficiently low temperature a relation is established between the correlation functions and the theory of matrix integrals. Bibliography: 125 titles.
Comparison of Van Allen Probes radiation belt proton data with test particle simulation for the 17 March 2015 storm

The loss of protons in the outer part of the inner radiation belt (L = 2 to 3) during the 17 March 2015 geomagnetic storm was investigated using test particle simulations that follow full Lorentz trajectories with both magnetic and electric fields calculated from an empirical model. The simulation results presented here are compared with proton pitch angle measurements from the Van Allen Probe satellites Relativistic Electron Proton Telescope (REPT) instrument before and after the coronal mass ejection‐shock‐driven storm of 17–18 March 2015, with minimum Dst =− 223 nT, the strongest storm of Solar Cycle 24, for four different energy ranges with 30, 38, 50, and 66 MeV mean energies. Two simulations have been run, one with an inductive electric field and one without. All four energy channels show good agreement with the Van Allen Probes REPT measurements for low L (L < 2.4) in both simulations but diverge for higher L values. The inclusion of the inductive electric field, calculated from the time‐changing magnetic field, significantly improves the agreement between simulation and REPT measurements at L > 2.4. A previous study using the Highly Elliptical Orbiter 3 spacecraft also showed improved agreement when including the inductive electric field but was unable to compare effects on the pitch angle distributions.
Optimal Solar Subsidies

We study the spatial misallocation resulting from subsidies for residential solar panels in the US and quantify the associated environmental costs. We build a structural model of solar panel demand and electricity production across the country and estimate the model by combining 1) remotely sensed data on residential solar panels, 2) power-plant-level data on hourly production and emissions, and 3) a state-of-the-art air pollution model. The current subsidies lead to severe spatial misallocation. The optimal cost-neutral reform generates environmental benefits equal to those of a 6-11% increase in the productivity of residential solar panels nationally. JEL Classification: H21, H23, Q42, Q48
Effiziente Ableitungsbestimmung bei hochdimensionaler nichtlinearer Optimierung

Calculating or approximating derivative information in an efficient way is one of the major tasks when high dimensional nonlinear optimization problems are to be solved. The thesis shows various new ways both in the area of finite differences and in the area of update formalae to tackle this problem. One of the results in this thesis is the development of a sparse BFGS-similar method for which superlinear convergence properties are shown.
Setting the Game Agenda: Reviewing the Emerging Literature on Video Gaming and Psychological Well-Being of Sexual and Gender Diverse Youth

Video gaming is a popular youth pastime that has prompted scholarship into its relationship with psychological well-being. However, sexual and gender diverse youth (SGDY) who play video games are largely overlooked in this research. SGDY experience significant mental health challenges, but utilize coping strategies mediated by digital technologies, necessitating an examination of their video game playing and its effects on well-being. This literature review synthesizes the emerging evidence base by identifying key constructs related to SGDY well-being and video gaming. Five themes were derived from the literature: (a) SGDY identity development and self-expression in video games; (b) SGDY video gaming and coping skills; (c) Social support in SGDY video gaming communities; (d) SGDY digital microaggressions in video gaming; and (e) SGDY civic engagement through video gaming. The findings establish multiple risks and opportunities for harnessing video games to support SGDY's well-being. Recommendations for practice, research, and industry collaborations are presented.
Computational Issues and Related Mathematics of an Exponential Annealing Homotopy for Conic Optimization

an Exponential Annealing Homotopy for Conic Optimization by Jeremy Chen B.Eng, Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore (2006) Submitted to the Computation for Design and Optimization Program in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computation for Design and Optimization at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY August 2007 © Massachusetts Institu eof Technology 2107. All rights reserved.
Does Increasing the Diversity of Small Grain Cropping Systems Improve Aggregate Stability and Soil Hydraulic Properties?

Wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are two commonly grown cereal crops in the northern Great Plains. Adding other crops such as field pea (Pisum Sativum L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), or camelina (Camelina sativa L.) to wheat or barley cropping systems may improve soil quality. However, little is known about the effects of including oilseeds in small grain cropping systems on soil physical properties. We sampled an 8-year dryland study with 10 different cropping systems including continuous spring wheat, continuous winter wheat, continuous barley, pea–spring wheat, pea–barley, pea–winter wheat, pea–barley–camelina–spring wheat, pea–barley–canola–spring wheat, pea–winter wheat–camelina–spring wheat and pea–winter wheat–canola–spring wheat. We measured dry aggregate stability, wet aggregate stability, water retention, hydraulic conductivity, bulk density and total carbon. Continuous barley and winter wheat had a higher fraction of large dry soil aggregates, whereas the pea–barley–canola–spring wheat and pea–spring wheat cropping systems had a higher fraction of small aggregates in the 0–15 cm depth. However, wet aggregate stability, water retention, bulk density, hydraulic conductivity and soil carbon concentration were not affected by the cropping system in the 0–15 cm depth. Diversifying small grain cropping systems by adding canola or camelina oil seeds and peas generally did not affect soil physical properties at this location.
CORRELATION AND REGRESSION: SIMILAR OR DIFFERENT CONCEPTS?

Correlation and regression are different statistical methodologies. In spite of this, quite often they are taught, or explained, simultaneously, which may be a cause of students’ confusion. Statistical packages also have their contribution to this problem by presenting a regression output supported by correlation. I show that linking correlation and regression should always be done with great caution.
Analysis of Internet Celebrity Bookstore Image Perception based on Online Reviews from the Perspective of Communicability

This paper selects the top five Internet celebrity bookstores and establishes the image of Internet celebrity bookstores from the perspective of consumers by analyzing the LDA theme of online comment texts in the consumer comment platform and combining the image perception theory, which provides specific dimensions for the improvement direction of Internet celebrity bookstores. Through text analysis, it is found that audiences' perception of Internet celebrity bookstores as urban cultural landmarks is contradictory. Therefore, based on the perspective of communicability, this paper analyzes the value and deficiency of Internet celebrity bookstores in the process of urban communication. It is found that in the context of consumer society, the image of Internet celebrity bookstores has two sides: communication between material space and spiritual space, communication between historical memory and current experience, communication between individual subjectivity and group identity. As it uses web traffic and add-on services to grow, it is at risk of falling into the trap of attracting attention rather than focusing on the main business.
Block Decoupling of Boolean Control Networks

In this paper, the block decoupling of Boolean control networks is investigated via solving logical matrix equations. First, the definition of block decoupling of Boolean control networks is proposed. Second, the block decoupling problem is equivalently converted into the solvability of a set of logical matrix equations. Subsequently, the approaches to solve these equations are designed, based on which the suitable coordinate transformations and open-loop controllers can be determined. Finally, an illustrative example is given to show the effectiveness of the main results.
One Method for Inhibiting the Copying of Online Homework

Over the last several years online homework solutions have become ever more accessible to students. This is due in part to programs like Yahoo Answers, Chegg, publisher solution manuals, and other web resources that are readily available online. The student can easily search any physics homework problem posted on the web in a matter of seconds and have the solution. The results of this are an apparent increase in students copying the answers without solving the problem, which may lead to an increase in homework scores but a reduction in exam scores and an overall lower grade in the class. A secondary effect that may be observed is that tutoring centers, recitations, and supplemental instructor sessions have reduced student attendance. Some might say that the readily available solutions for homework systems such as MasteringPhysics (MP), WebAssign, etc. have greatly diminished them as a teaching tool, and for grading and assessing students’ performance in a course. It is the purpose of this paper to offer .
Beyond Performance/Cost Tradeoffs in Motion Control: A Multirate Feedforward Design With Application to a Dual-Stage Wafer System

Motion systems with multiple control loops often run at a single sampling rate for simplicity of implementation and controller design. The achievable performance in terms of position accuracy is determined by the data acquisition hardware, such as sensors, actuators, and analog-to-digital/digital-to-analog converters, which is typically limited due to economic cost considerations. The aim of this paper is to develop a multirate approach to go beyond this traditional performance/cost tradeoff, i.e., to use different sampling rates in different control loops to optimally use hardware resources. The approach appropriately deals with the inherent time-varying behavior that is introduced by multirate sampling. A multirate feedforward control design framework is presented to optimize the tracking of a dual-stage multirate system. The application of the proposed approach to an industrial dual-stage wafer system demonstrates the advantages of multirate control, both in simulations and experiments.
Room-temperature mid-infrared interband cascade vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

We report interband cascade vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (ICVCSELs) that operate in pulsed mode at temperatures up to 70 °C. Their emission at λ ≈ 3.4 μm extends considerably the previous longest wavelength of 3.0 μm for an electrically-pumped vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser operating at room temperature. The output from mesas having diameters ranging from 30 to 60 μm (with emission aperture diameters of 20–50 μm) is circularly symmetric, and the threshold current densities at T = 25 °C are as low as 390 A/cm2. However, the differential slope efficiencies are low, e.g., ≤50 mW/A at T = 25 °C, due to loss in the top and bottom mirrors and reduced current efficiency. The smallest device operates in a single spectral mode despite having an emission aperture much wider than the wavelength.
SEKARANG ATAU NANTI? SEBUAH STUDI MIXED METHODS TENTANG KEPUTUSAN IBU DARI SISWA SMP UNTUK MENGIZINKAN ANAK BERKENDARA SEPEDA MOTOR

The phenomenon of underage driving closely related to parental consent. This study aimed to describe the dynamics of mothers of junior high school students in giving riding permits to their children. Using the explanatory sequential mixed methods (QUAN-qual), this study was carried out in three phases. Phase 1 was a quantitative study using an online questionnaire, with a total of 496 participants. Data analysis used chi square and Odds Ratio. Phase 2 is a qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three mothers of junior high school students. The results of the interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Meanwhile, phase 3 was data integration using joint displays. The findings show that the child’s age is the main consideration for the mother in making the decision to allow them to drive. This decision is also influenced by the husband's approval and the mother's perception of the advantages, dangers, and violations of traffic rules. Environmental and household characteristics play a role in shaping the mother's perception. This study needs to be followed up with the development of parent-based interventions.
Attitudes and Perceptions of Online Instructors towards the Use of Social Media in Teaching and Learning in East African Countries

Purpose: The aim of this study is to explore the attitudes and perceptions of online instructors towards the use of social media in teaching and learning in East African countries Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the attitudes and perceptions of online instructors towards the use of social media in teaching and learning in East African countries. Preliminary empirical review revealed that online instructors in East African countries perceive social media to be a useful tool in teaching and learning, as it enhances student engagement and facilitates the exchange of information and resources. Concerns about privacy, information security, and access to social media platforms were identified in some universities in the region. Positive attitudes towards the use of social media in teaching and learning were found in most of the studies reviewed. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Social Presence Theory and Community of Inquiry (CoI) Framework may be used to anchor future studies on the attitudes and perceptions of online instructors towards the use of social media in teaching and learning in East African countries. Universities in East African countries should develop policies and guidelines on the use of social media in teaching and learning. Online instructors should be provided with training and support on how to use social media effectively in teaching and learning. Universities in the region should invest in social media technologies to enhance the teaching and learning experience for students.