Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
La mielinización como un factor modulador de los circuitos de memoria

Introducción. La mielina se ha conceptualizado durante muchos años como un componente estático que regula la velocidad de transmisión del impulso nervioso. Sin embargo, cada vez son más los trabajos que defienden un papel dinámico y dependiente de la experiencia. Esto ha permitido el desarrollo de un nuevo concepto denominado plasticidad mielínica, que contribuye, junto con la plasticidad sináptica, a los cambios a largo plazo que se dan en los circuitos neuronales durante el aprendizaje y la memoria. Por tanto, en esta revisión se abordarán los últimos datos publicados en relación con el papel de la mielinización con la memoria. Desarrollo. La evidencia a partir de estudios de neuroimagen en humanos demuestra que la mielinización puede cambiar debido a la modulación dependiente de la actividad, de forma que los aprendizajes pueden modificar la mielinización de los axones. Alternativamente, también se ha demostrado que interferir sobre la mielinización, utilizando para ello modelos transgénicos de roedores, deteriora significativamente los procesos de memoria. Esto tiene importantes implicaciones en alteraciones tan graves como la enfermedad de Alzheimer, en la que comienzan a describirse cambios transcripcionales y en el fenotipo de las células asociadas al proceso de mielinización. Conclusiones. Los nuevos descubrimientos apoyan el concepto de plasticidad mielínica y sus implicaciones con la memoria, lo que abre una nueva oportunidad para el tratamiento de los déficits que afectan a esta función cognitiva.
A Declarative Validator for GSOS Languages

Rule formats can quickly establish meta-theoretic properties of process algebras. It is then desirable to identify domain-specific languages (DSLs) that can easily express rule formats. In prior work, we have developed Lang-n-Change, a DSL that includes convenient features for browsing language definitions and retrieving information from them. In this paper, we use Lang-n-Change to write a validator for the GSOS rule format, and we augment Lang-n-Change with suitable macros on our way to do so. Our GSOS validator is concise, and amounts to a few lines of code. We have used it to validate several concurrency operators as adhering to the GSOS format. Moreover, our code expresses the restrictions of the format declaratively.
Hydrodynamic quantum analogs

The walking droplet system discovered by Yves Couder and Emmanuel Fort presents an example of a vibrating particle self-propelling through a resonant interaction with its own wave field. It provides a means of visualizing a particle as an excitation of a field, a common notion in quantum field theory. Moreover, it represents the first macroscopic realization of a form of dynamics proposed for quantum particles by Louis de Broglie in the 1920s. The fact that this hydrodynamic pilot-wave system exhibits many features typically associated with the microscopic, quantum realm raises a number of intriguing questions. At a minimum, it extends the range of classical systems to include quantum-like statistics in a number of settings. A more optimistic stance is that it suggests the manner in which quantum mechanics might be completed through a theoretical description of particle trajectories. We here review the experimental studies of the walker system, and the hierarchy of theoretical models developed to rationalize its behavior. Particular attention is given to enumerating the dynamical mechanisms responsible for the emergence of robust, structured statistical behavior. Another focus is demonstrating how the temporal nonlocality of the droplet dynamics, as results from the persistence of its pilot wave field, may give rise to behavior that appears to be spatially nonlocal. Finally, we describe recent explorations of a generalized theoretical framework that provides a mathematical bridge between the hydrodynamic pilot-wave system and various realist models of quantum dynamics.
Management of blunt renal trauma on pre-existing diseased kidneys: a cross-sectional study

Introduction: Pathological kidney trauma is a special entity. Congenital or acquired lesions may interfere with clinical presentation, radiological imaging, and the therapeutic approach. Objective: Our objective was to determine the clinical, radiological, and therapeutic features of this entity. Materials and methods: The medical records of 37 observations were retrospectively collected from January 1992 to February 2022. All cases were explored by a kidney ultrasound and/or a computed tomography scan, and classified according to the American Association of Surgery of Trauma. Pre-existing renal abnormalities were found in 37 patients among 203 (18.2%). The most common underlying lesion were urolithiasis (37.8%) followed by pyelo-ureteral junction syndrome (32.4%). Surgical abstention was decided in 11 cases, four nephrectomies were performed as a matter of urgency, and seven nephrectomies were performed remotely. The cure of uropathy was performed after an average delay of 3 months. Conclusion: Kidneys with underlying pathology are habitually more susceptible to trauma. Contusions are often benign contrasting with a high nephrectomy rate.
Nutritional Content and Bioactive Compounds of Banana Peel and Its Potential Utilization: A Review

Banana is one of the popular fruits among consumers due to their excellent nutritional value. However, banana peel, the fruit’s main secondary product or a significant by-product in banana processing, is generally abandoned and discarded as waste. Banana peels are rich in nutritional content such as protein, carbohydrates, fat, moisture, and ash contents. They are also high in bioactive compounds such as phenolic (flavonoids) and various types of carotenoids (lutein, alpha-carotene, and beta-carotene). Phenolic compounds effectively protect the human body against various diseases, specifically oxidative stress-related diseases. Due to all the advantages of banana peels, plenty of potential utilization could be explored, including citric acid production by Aspergillus niger, traditional medicine, foods, and pharmaceutical industries, as well as dietary incorporation. Thus, this paper discussed the nutritional contents and bioactive compounds of banana peel and their potential utilization as food additives, supplements, and pharmaceuticals. This could then help to minimize the number of agro-solid waste disposal from the food industry by processing the waste into value-added products.
Computational Study of Traveling Wave Solutions of Isothermal Chemical Systems

This article studies propagating traveling waves in a class of reaction-diffusion systems which model isothermal autocatalytic chemical reactions as well as microbial growth and competition in a ﬂow reactor. In the context of isothermal autocatalytic systems, two different cases will be studied. The ﬁrst is autocatalytic chemical reaction of order m without decay. The second is chemical reaction of order m with a decay of order n , where m and n are positive integers and m > n ≥ 1. A typical system in auto-catalysis is A + 2 B → 3 B and B → C involving two chemical species, a reactant A and an auto-catalyst B and C an inert chemical species. The numerical computation gives more accurate estimates on minimum speed of traveling waves for autocatalytic reaction without decay, providing useful insight in the study of stability of traveling waves. For autocatalytic reaction of order m = 2 with linear decay n = 1, which has a particular important role in chemical waves, it is shown numerically that there exist multiple traveling waves with 1, 2 and 3 peaks with certain choices of parameters.
A Cognitive Robotics Implementation of Global Workspace Theory for Episodic Memory Interaction With Consciousness

Artificial general intelligence revived in recent years after people achieved significant advances in machine learning and deep learning. This leads to the thinking of how real intelligence could be created. Consciousness theories believe that general intelligence is essentially conscious, yet no universal definition is agreed upon. In this work, global workspace (GW) theory is implemented and integrated with crucial cognitive components. With the focus on episodic memory and inspiration from the nature of episodic memory in psychology and neuroscience, the episodic memory component is implemented within the GW framework. In our experiment, the robotic agent operates in a real-world interactive context, forming episodic memory and demonstrating static, temporal, and context memory capabilities during interactions. Consciousness in this work engages in all formation, maintenance, and retrieval processes of episodic memory. The novelty and contributions of this work are: 1) this work is implementing episodic memory within the consciousness framework, suggesting the sustainable potential of such an integrated approach to cognitive agents with artificial general intelligence (AGI); 2) regarding the limited examples in consciousness-based cognitive architectures, this work attempts to contribute to the diversity of perspectives and approaches; 3) extant episodic memory implementations are suffering from various limitations, while this work summarises some key features for modeling episodic memory within a cognitive architecture; and 4) authors discuss the relationship between episodic memory, consciousness, and general intelligence, proposing the compatibility and relationship between machine consciousness and other AGI research. It is believed that a better alignment between them would further boost the fusion of diverse research for achieving desired cognitive machines.
The continuing challenge of spacecraft ESD

Summary form only given. This paper describes the mechanisms of charge accumulation and discharge propagation, with examples of resulting spacecraft damage. Test methods and mitigation techniques are discussed. The point is made that the space ESD threat has not gone away, and the relevant satellite specifications are becoming increasingly strict and hard to meet, constituting a continuing major challenge for spacecraft designers.
Advancements and challenges in achieving fully autonomous self-driving vehicles

This article presents a review and analysis of the prospects of achieving full-length autonomous driving, a concept that has long been a dream of humans. Although the automotive industry has made significant progress in many areas, creating fully automated vehicles (level 5) has remained a challenge. This paper examines some companies that are already racing to achieve this feat, such as Tesla, Google's Waymo, and Uber, and the challenges they face, such as ensuring safety and reliability while also dealing with complex and expensive technology. The article highlights the issues that must be addressed when discussing fully automated vehicles, such as legal and regulatory frameworks, public acceptance, and cybersecurity. The current generation of autonomous vehicles has not yet passed road tests, which raises questions about the feasibility of creating and being able to use fully automated vehicles in the near future. Despite the challenges, the article suggests that the high level of technological development implies that fully autonomous vehicles will become a reality someday. The author concludes that while we may not see fully autonomous driving cars on our roads soon, the progress being made in the field is promising, and we may expect to see these vehicles become a common sight on our roads in the future.
Simple Link-Budget Estimation Formulas for Channels Including Anomalous Reflectors

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are a promising tool for the optimization of propagation channels for advanced wireless communication systems. These tools are especially relevant for high-frequency (millimeter-band) links where directive antennas are used. RIS panels act as high-gain passive repeaters, whose reflected waves interfere with the waves reflected from the illuminated spots at supporting walls, creating a complex field pattern in the far zone. In this work, we consider a particular scenario of RISs for anomalous reflection and develop a simple link-budget model for nonline-of-sight (NLOS) channels via reflections from finite-size metasurfaces (MSs) designed as anomalous reflectors or splitters. The developed model takes into account diffraction at the RIS panel edges as well as interference with reflections from supporting structures. We take into account realistic losses and confirm the validity of results by numerical simulations.
CRTC2 promotes paclitaxel resistance by inducing autophagy in ovarian cancer in part via the PI3K-AKT signaling axis

Background: Ovarian cancer is the most malignant gynecological disease, which seriously threatens female physical and mental health. Paclitaxel is a first-line chemotherapy drug in the clinical treatment of ovarian cancer, but drug resistance has become an important factor affecting the survival of ovarian cancer patients. However, the main mechanism of chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the Integrated Gene Expression Database (GEO) dataset using comprehensive bioinformatics tools to provide new therapeutic strategies and search for prognostic targets for ovarian cancer. Methods: Ovarian cancer related genes were extracted from GSE18520 by bioinformatics method. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by differential analysis, and related genes and functions were elucidated. The key gene CRTC2 was identified by prognostic analysis. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CRTC2 in chemotherapy-resistant and chemotherapy-sensitive ovarian cancer tissues. Functional analysis (cell assay) confirmed the role of CRTC2 in paclitaxel resistance. Autophagy related proteins were detected by Western blot. Autophagy flux analysis was performed using the GFP/RFP-LC3 adenovirus reporter. Results: A total of 3,852 DEGs were identified in the GEO microarray dataset. Key genes were screened by prognostic analysis. We found that CRTC2 was highly expressed in chemoresistant tissues of ovarian cancer. In 110 patients with ovarian cancer, high expression of CRTC2 was associated with poorer prognostic factors and shorter survival. At the same time, we found that CRTC2 can promote the proliferation and invasion ability of ovarian cancer cells. In addition, CRTC2 can affect the expression of PI3K, AKT, autophagic flux and sensitivity to paclitaxel chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. Conclusion: CRTC2 can affect autophagy partially through PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, and then affect the sensitivity of ovarian cancer to paclitaxel chemotherapy. CRTC2 may be a potential predictor or target for ovarian cancer therapy.
Comparison of Trap and Equine Attraction to Mosquitoes

Simple Summary Mosquitoes are pests of horses. We evaluated the ability of traps to protect horses from these blood feeders. To evaluate comparative attraction, a horse was placed 3.5 m from a mosquito trap. Fewer mosquitoes were trapped because mosquitoes were more attracted to the horse. Trapped mosquitoes increased after removing the horse from the area. Increasing trap attraction by adding horse odors into the trap airstream was unsuccessful because the horse supplying the odors could not be moved far enough away. Three mosquito traps spaced at the study site showed that mosquitoes were not evenly distributed and fewer were collected near structures. This shows the importance of trap placement. When horses were vacuumed, 324 and 359 mosquitoes/h were found feeding on the animals during summer and fall studies, respectively. A nearby mosquito trap simultaneously captured 224 mosquitoes/h. The numbers of mosquitoes vacuumed simultaneously from two horses showed that one horse attracted twice as many mosquitoes as the other. All horses are not equally attractive to mosquitoes. For better mosquito management with traps, the attractive range of traps and host animals must be known. Traps must be as attractive to mosquitoes as host animals so traps can better protect host animals. Abstract Mosquitoes are pests of horses, but mosquito trap efficacy data, especially the ability of traps to protect horses, are lacking. Studies were conducted to investigate the comparative attraction between traps and horses, increase trap attraction by adding horse odors to the airstream of a trap, determine the spatial distribution of adult mosquitoes, estimate the numbers of mosquitoes feeding on horses, determine the relative attraction of horses to mosquitoes, and estimate the range of mosquitoes’ attraction between two horses. When a horse and a mosquito trap were placed 3.5 m apart, there was a significant reduction in mosquitoes entering the trap. Adding horse odors to the airstream of a trap produced equivocal results because the horse providing the odors influenced the trap catches. Mosquitoes were not evenly distributed across the study site, which emphasized the importance of trap placement. Vacuuming mosquitoes from the horses in different seasons demonstrated that 324 and 359 mosquitoes per hour were feeding during the two studies. Separate analysis of data from the two horses vacuumed simultaneously revealed that one horse attracted twice as many mosquitoes as the other. This caused the results of a study to determine the attraction range of two horses moved from 3.5 to 20.4 m apart to be inconclusive.
RF-PSF: A CNN-Based Process Distinction Method Using Inadvertent RF Signatures

Stochastic variation of process parameters within a die and technology-limitation-driven variation from die-to-die give rise to unique distribution patterns for manufacturing process parameters. These patterns work as a process signature that is transferred from the device level to the system level through electrical circuits and can be used to make a distinction among the processes. In this work, we propose an in-situ manufacturing process technology distinction method, radio frequency process specific functions (RF-PSFs), that uses process-specific inherent properties of an IC manifested in the transmitted radio frequency signal. Among many desirable testing criteria, RF-PSF addresses the question of fabrication with the intended process technology. This information plays an important role in modern zero-trust architecture and IC clone detection, a counterfeiting method where the IC is manufactured using a different process. An RF transmitter with RF-DAC power amplifier for QPSK modulation has been designed and simulated in 14, 22, and 65 nm processes for five process corners (TT, FF, FS, SF, and SS) in Cadence. The simulated data have been processed in MATLAB. A multilayer perceptron (MLP), trained with the constellation data, provides an average accuracy of ${\sim }90\%$ for process distinction. Realizing that: 1) a higher order modulation will have even more process information and 2) we can harness the convolutional neural network’s (CNNs) improved capability on pattern recognition, we can feed image-like constellation plots to a CNN to get better and consistent performance. Using the baseband constellations for 64-QAM modulated data as images, we have achieved ${\sim }100\%$ accuracy with commonly used, pretrained CNN models (ResNet18, ResNet50, and GoogleNet) through transfer learning. The separation among five process corners within a process, termed intraprocess variation, is also analyzed. The effect of baseband sampling rate and ADC resolution, two practical limitations in RF systems, have been explored. An extensive study has been performed on the effect of a key design parameter at the RF circuit level, i.e., W/L or aspect ratio, leading to design insights, proper CNN selection, and some control parameters. This work establishes RF-PSF as a zero-power, zero-area overhead, and in-situ process distinction method.
Optimizing sparse two-dimensional transducer arrays using an effective aperture approach

We have developed a method for reducing the number of elements in a two-dimensional array while minimizing the loss of image resolution and contrast. The method relies on selecting a different arrangement of elements when the array is transmitting and when the array is receiving energy. The transmit and receive aperture functions are chosen to minimize the difference between the effective aperture of the sparse array and the effective aperture of a desired dense array. The effective aperture is defined by the convolution of the transmit and receive aperture functions. Using this method, we show that the number of elements in a 64×64 two-dimensional array can be reduced by more than six times, and the elements in a 128×128 array can be reduced by more than 12 times, with little effect on the beam forming properties of either array
A Chinese Overlapping Ambiguity Resolution Method Based on Coupling Degree of Double Characters

In this paper,two statistical measures-Coupling Degree of Double Characters(CDDC) and Difference of t-test(DT),are applied for overlapping ambiguity resolution in Chinese word segmentation.First,all possible overlapping ambiguities are found out by using the segmentation dictionary,and then a simple linear combination of CDDC and DT is used for ambiguity resolution.The experimental results show that our method performed better than the combination of Mutual Information of Double Characters and DT,which was proved to be a very effective method for overlapping ambiguity resolution in previous work.
Water isotopes, climate variability, and the hydrological cycle: recent advances and new frontiers

The hydrologic cycle is a fundamental component of the climate system with critical societal and ecological relevance. Yet gaps persist in our understanding of water fluxes and their response to increased greenhouse gas forcing. The stable isotope ratios of oxygen and hydrogen in water provide a unique opportunity to evaluate hydrological processes and investigate their role in the variability of the climate system and its sensitivity to change. Water isotopes also form the basis of many paleoclimate proxies in a variety of archives, including ice cores, lake and marine sediments, corals, and speleothems. These records hold most of the available information about past hydrologic variability prior to instrumental observations. Water isotopes thus provide a ‘common currency’ that links paleoclimate archives to modern observations, allowing us to evaluate hydrologic processes and their effects on climate variability on a wide range of time and length scales. Building on previous literature summarizing advancements in water isotopic measurements and modeling and describe water isotopic applications for understanding hydrological processes, this topical review reflects on new insights about climate variability from isotopic studies. We highlight new work and opportunities to enhance our understanding and predictive skill and offer a set of recommendations to advance observational and model-based tools for climate research. Finally, we highlight opportunities to better constrain climate sensitivity and identify anthropogenically-driven hydrologic changes within the inherently noisy background of natural climate variability.