Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
10C survey of radio sources at 15.7 GHz – II. First results

In a previous paper (Paper I), the observational, mapping and source-extraction techniques used for the Tenth Cambridge (10C) Survey of Radio Sources were described. Here, the first results from the survey, carried out using the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager Large Array (LA) at an observing frequency of 15.7 GHz, are presented. The survey fields cover an area of ≈27 deg2 to a flux-density completeness of 1 mJy. Results for some deeper areas, covering ≈12 deg2, wholly contained within the total areas and complete to 0.5 mJy, are also presented. The completeness for both areas is estimated to be at least 93 per cent. The 10C survey is the deepest radio survey of any significant extent (≳0.2 deg2) above 1.4 GHz. The 10C source catalogue contains 1897 entries and is available online. The source catalogue has been combined with that of the Ninth Cambridge Survey to calculate the 15.7-GHz source counts. A broken power law is found to provide a good parametrization of the differential count between 0.5 mJy and 1 Jy. The measured source count has been compared with that predicted by de Zotti et al. – the model is found to display good agreement with the data at the highest flux densities. However, over the entire flux-density range of the measured count (0.5 mJy to 1 Jy), the model is found to underpredict the integrated count by ≈30 per cent. Entries from the source catalogue have been matched with those contained in the catalogues of the NRAO VLA Sky Survey and the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-cm survey (both of which have observing frequencies of 1.4 GHz). This matching provides evidence for a shift in the typical 1.4-GHz spectral index to 15.7-GHz spectral index of the 15.7-GHz-selected source population with decreasing flux density towards sub-mJy levels – the spectra tend to become less steep. Automated methods for detecting extended sources, developed in Paper I, have been applied to the data; ≈5 per cent of the sources are found to be extended relative to the LA-synthesized beam of ≈30 arcsec. Investigations using higher resolution data showed that most of the genuinely extended sources at 15.7 GHz are classical doubles, although some nearby galaxies and twin-jet sources were also identified.
A MULTI-COMPONENT ANALYSIS INDICATES A POSITRONIC MAJOR FLARE IN GRS 1915+105

A modeling strategy that is adapted to the study of synchrotron-self-absorbed plasmoids that was developed for the quasar Mrk 231 by Reynolds et al. is applied to the microquasar GRS 1915+105. The major flare from 1993 December shows spectral evidence of three such self-absorbed components. The analysis yields an estimate of the power that is required to eject the plasmoids from the central engine that is independent of other estimates that exist in the literature for different flares. The technique has an advantage since the absorbed spectrum contains an independent constraint provided by the optical depth at each epoch of observation. The modeling procedure presented here self-consistently determines the dimensions of the radio-emitting plasma from the spectral shape. Thus, structural dimensions are determined analytically that can be much smaller than interferometer beamwidths. A synthesis of the time evolution of the components allows one to address the fundamental uncertainties in previous estimates. First, the plasma is not protonic, but comprises an electron–positron gas. The minimum electron energy is determined to be less than six times the electron rest-mass energy. The analysis also indicates that the plasmoids are ejected from the central engine magnetically dominated. The temporal behavior is one of magnetic energy conversion to mechanical energy as the plasmoids approach equipartition. The time-dependent models bound the impulsive energy flux, Q, required to eject the individual major flare plasmoids from the central engine to, 4.1 × 1037 erg s−1 < Q < 6.1 × 1038 erg s−1.
Antiferromagnetic and nematic phase transitions in BaF e 2 (A s 1-x P x ) 2 studied by ac microcalorimetry and SQUID magnetometry

Using high-resolution specific heat and SQUID magnetization measurements, this group studies the thermodynamic phase transitions of BaFe${}_{2}$(As${}_{1-x}$P${}_{x}$)${}_{2}$ ($x$=0.0, 0.3). The experiments, assisted by theoretical modeling, show that there is no additional ${2}^{n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}d}$ order ``true'' nematic phase transition at temperatures above the conventional antiferromagnetic/structural transition.
PAST: latent feature extraction with a Prior-based self-Attention framework for Spatial Transcriptomics

Rapid advances in spatial transcriptomics (ST) have revolutionized the interrogation of spatial heterogeneity and increased the demand for comprehensive methods to effectively characterize spatial domains. As a prerequisite for ST data analysis, spatial domain characterization is a crucial step for downstream analyses and biological implications. Here we propose PAST, a variational graph convolutional auto-encoder for ST, which effectively integrates prior information via a Bayesian neural network, captures spatial patterns via a self-attention mechanism, and enables scalable application via a ripple walk sampler strategy. Through comprehensive experiments on datasets generated by different technologies, we demonstrated that PAST could effectively characterize spatial domains and facilitate various downstream analyses, including ST visualization, spatial trajectory inference and pseudo-time analysis, by integrating spatial information and reference from various sources. Besides, we also show the advantages of PAST for accurate annotation of spatial domains in newly sequenced ST data and biological implications in the annotated domains.
Formation of membrane invaginations by curvature-inducing peripheral proteins: free energy profiles, kinetics, and membrane-mediated effects

Peripheral proteins, known to induce curvature, have been identified as key agents in the spontaneous remodeling of bilayer membranes, leading to invaginations and the genesis of membrane tubules. For proteins like cholera and Shiga toxin, which impart the membrane with locally isotropic curvatures, the resultant membrane-mediated interactions remain notably subtle. Consequently, the collective action of these proteins, culminating in the formation of dense clusters on the membrane and subsequent invagination, unfolds over an extended timescale, often spanning several minutes. This gradual progression challenges direct simulation of the invagination process, even with coarsegrained models. In this study, we introduce a steered molecular dynamics protocol wherein peripheral proteins are impelled to converge on a membrane patch, instigating an invagination. Utilizing the Jarzynski equality, we derive the free energy profile of this process from a suite of non-equilibrium simulation replicas. Examining two distinct membrane-associated proteins, we elucidate the influence of protein flexibility and the distribution of induced curvatures on both the remodeling process and the corresponding free energy profile. We delve into the role of membrane-mediated effects in shaping protein organization within the invaginated domain. Building on the free energy profile, we model the formation of invaginations as a Markovian process, and offer estimates of the corresponding timescales. Our findings yield minute-long implied timescales that resonate well with empirical observations.
A C18O STUDY OF THE ORIGIN OF THE POWER-LAW NATURE IN THE INITIAL MASS FUNCTION

We have performed C18O (J = 1–0) mapping observations of a 20′ × 20′ area of the OMC-1 region in the Orion A cloud. We identified 65 C18O cores, which have a mean radius, a velocity width in FWHM, and an LTE mass of 0.18 ± 0.03 pc, 0.40 ± 0.15 km s−1, and 7.2 ± 4.5 M☉, respectively. All the cores are most likely to be gravitationally bound by considering the uncertainty in the C18O abundance. We derived a C18O core mass function, which shows a power-law-like behavior above 5 M☉. The best-fit power-law index of −2.3 ± 0.3 is consistent with those of the dense core mass functions and the stellar initial mass function (IMF) previously derived in the OMC-1 region. This agreement strongly suggests that the power-law form of the IMF has been already determined at the density of ∼103 cm−3, traced by the C18O (J = 1–0) line. Consequently, we propose that the origin of the IMF should be searched in tenuous cloud structures with densities of less than 103 cm−3.
Search for double charmonium decays of the P-wave spin-triplet bottomonium states

C. P. Shen, C. Z. Yuan, T. Iijima, 29 I. Adachi, H. Aihara, K. Arinstein, D. M. Asner, T. Aushev, A. M. Bakich, B. Bhuyan, M. Bischofberger, A. Bozek, M. Bračko, T. E. Browder, M. -C. Chang, A. Chen, B. G. Cheon, K. Chilikin, R. Chistov, I. -S. Cho, K. Cho, S. -K. Choi, Y. Choi, J. Dalseno, 48 Z. Drásal, A. Drutskoy, S. Eidelman, J. E. Fast, V. Gaur, N. Gabyshev, A. Garmash, Y. M. Goh, J. Haba, T. Hara, K. Hayasaka, H. Hayashii, Y. Horii, Y. Hoshi, W. -S. Hou, H. J. Hyun, A. Ishikawa, R. Itoh, M. Iwabuchi, T. Iwashita, T. Julius, J. H. Kang, T. Kawasaki, H. J. Kim, H. O. Kim, J. B. Kim, K. T. Kim, M. J. Kim, Y. J. Kim, B. R. Ko, S. Koblitz, P. Kodyš, S. Korpar, 17 P. Križan, 17 P. Krokovny, T. Kumita, Y. -J. Kwon, J. S. Lange, S. -H. Lee, J. Li, J. Libby, C. -L. Lim, C. Liu, Z. Q. Liu, D. Liventsev, R. Louvot, S. McOnie, K. Miyabayashi, H. Miyata, Y. Miyazaki, R. Mizuk, G. B. Mohanty, A. Moll, 48 T. Mori, N. Muramatsu, R. Mussa, E. Nakano, M. Nakao, H. Nakazawa, S. Nishida, K. Nishimura, O. Nitoh, S. Ogawa, T. Ohshima, S. Okuno, S. L. Olsen, 8 Y. Onuki, G. Pakhlova, C. W. Park, H. K. Park, T. K. Pedlar, M. Petrič, L. E. Piilonen, A. Poluektov, M. Ritter, M. Röhrken, H. Sahoo, Y. Sakai, T. Sanuki, Y. Sato, O. Schneider, C. Schwanda, K. Senyo, O. Seon, M. Shapkin, T. -A. Shibata, J.-G. Shiu, A. Sibidanov, F. Simon, 48 J. B. Singh, P. Smerkol, Y. -S. Sohn, E. Solovieva, S. Stanič, M. Starič, T. Sumiyoshi, G. Tatishvili, Y. Teramoto, T. Tsuboyama, M. Uchida, S. Uehara, Y. Unno, S. Uno, P. Urquijo, G. Varner, K. E. Varvell, C. H. Wang, P. Wang, X. L. Wang, M. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, E. Won, Y. Yamashita, Y. Yusa, Z. P. Zhang, V. Zhilich, V. Zhulanov, and A. Zupanc
SUZAKU VIEW OF THE SWIFT/BAT ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI. IV. NATURE OF TWO NARROW-LINE RADIO GALAXIES (3C 403 AND IC 5063)

We report the results of Suzaku broadband X-ray observations of the two narrow-line radio galaxies, 3C 403 and IC 5063. Combined with the Swift/Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) spectra averaged for 58 months, we are able to accurately constrain their spectral properties over the 0.5–200 keV band. The spectra of both nuclei are well represented with an absorbed cutoff power law, an absorbed reflection component from cold matter with an iron–K emission line, and an unabsorbed soft component, which gives a firm upper limit for the scattered emission. The reflection strength normalized to the averaged BAT flux is R ≡ Ω/2π ≈ 0.6 in both targets, implying that their tori have a sufficiently large solid angle to produce the reprocessed emission. A numerical torus model with an opening angle of ∼50° well reproduces the observed spectra. We discuss the possibility that the amount of the normal gas responsible for Thomson scattering is systematically smaller in radio galaxies compared with Seyfert galaxies.
The spectrum of a fast shock breakout from a stellar wind

The breakout of a fast ($>0.1 c$), yet sub-relativistic shock from a thick stellar wind is expected to produce a pulse of X-rays with a rise time of seconds to hours. Here, we construct a semi-analytic model for the breakout of a sub-relativistic, radiation-mediated shock from a thick stellar wind, and use it to compute the spectrum of the breakout emission. The model incorporates photon escape through the finite optical depth wind, assuming a diffusion approximation and a quasi-steady evolution of the shock structure during the breakout phase. We find that in sufficiently fast shocks, for which the breakout velocity exceeds about $0.1c$, the time-integrated spectrum of the breakout pulse is non-thermal, and the time-resolved temperature is expected to exhibit substantial decrease (roughly by one order of magnitude) during breakout, when the flux is still rising, because of the photon generation by the shock compression associated with the photon escape. We also derive a closure relation between the breakout duration, peak luminosity, and characteristic temperature that can be used to test whether an observed X-ray flare is consistent with being associated with a sub-relativistic shock breakout from a thick stellar wind or not. We also discuss implications of the spectral softening for a possible breakout event XRT 080109/SN 2008D.
THE DELAY OF POPULATION III STAR FORMATION BY SUPERSONIC STREAMING VELOCITIES

It has recently been demonstrated that coherent relative streaming velocities of order 30 km s−1 between dark matter and gas permeated the universe on scales below a few Mpc directly after recombination. Here we use a series of high-resolution moving-mesh calculations to show that these supersonic motions significantly influence the virialization of the gas in minihalos and delay the formation of the first stars. As the gas streams into minihalos with bulk velocities around 1 km s−1 at z ∼ 20, the additional momentum and energy input reduces the gas fractions and central densities of the halos, increasing the typical virial mass required for efficient cooling by a factor of three and delaying Population III star formation by Δz ≃ 4. Since the distribution of the magnitude of the streaming velocities is narrowly peaked around a non-negligible value, this effect is important in most regions of the universe. As a consequence, the increased minimum halo mass implies a reduction of the absolute number of minihalos that can be expected to cool and form Population III stars by up to an order of magnitude. We further find that the streaming velocities increase the turbulent velocity dispersion of the minihalo gas, which could affect its ability to fragment and hence alter the mass function of the first stars.
Efficiency limits of quantum well solar cells

: The quantum well solar cell (QWSC) [1] has been proposed as a flexible means to ensuring current matching for tandem cells [2]. This paper explores the further advantage afforded by the indication that QWSCs operate in the radiative limit because radiative contribution to the dark current is seen to dominate in experimental data at biases corresponding to operation under concentration. The dark currents of QWSCs are analysed in terms of a light and dark current model. The model calculates the spectral response (QE) from field bearing regions and charge neutral layers and from the quantum wells by calculating the confined densities of states and absorption coefficient, and solving transport equations analytically [3]. The total dark current is expressed as the sum of depletion layer and charge neutral radiative and non radiative currents consistent with parameter values extracted from QE fits to data. The depletion layer dark current is a sum of Shockley-Read-Hall non radiative [6], and radiative [4] contributions. The charge neutral region contribution is expressed in terms of the ideal Shockley radiative and non-radiative currents [5] modified to include surface recombination. This analysis shows that the QWSC is inherently subject to the fundamental radiative efficiency limit at high currents where the radiative dark current dominates, whereas good homojunction cells are well described by the ideal Shockley picture where the limit is determined by radiative and non radiative recombination in the charge neutral layers of the cell.
Barriers And Stereotypes Around Seeking Professional Help In Young Adults” – A Systematic Literature Review

: With increasing awareness in regards to mental health, various barriers and stereotypes persist among young adults towards seeking professional help. Individuals refuse to seek and recognize or acknowledge the symptoms of mental illness due to various barriers and stereotypes. The current study examines those barriers, stereotypes, and aspects about the same among young adults towards seeking professional help. Help-seeking behaviors and barriers that prevent young adults from seeking help are discussed distinctly. The chief objectives of this study are to understand barriers and stereotypes among young adults. The study also aims to answer what are the prominent barriers among young adults and if there exists a correlation between belief in feminine stereotypes and help-seeking behaviors. Various studies were reviewed to understand the barriers and stereotypes and their results suggested the barriers like negative stereotypes, cultural barriers and lack of black mental health professionals, acceptance from peers, personal challenges, cultural and environmental influences, Self-medicating with alcohol, perspectives around seeking professional help, fear of homophobic responses, and traditional masculine ideas are perceived by young adults towards seeking mental help. Findings of this study reported that belief in feminine stereotypes is related to help-seeking behaviours for both men and women. The data collected was from 2009 stigma in a Global Context-Belgian Mental Health Study. One-on-one interviews were conducted with a representative sample of Belgian’s general population. A total of 728 respondents were given a vignette. A validated instrument was used to compute the stigmas. The results showed that participants who reported a higher level of anticipated self-stigma attached little or less importance to care providers, and participants who reported a higher level of perceived public stigma attached less importance to informal help-seeking. The study also resulted in gender and ethnicity of individuals’ sociodemographic characteristics having little impact on help-seeking attitudes. The hypothesis was proved to be correct that anticipated self-stigma and perceived public stigma do have a differential impact on attitudes toward formal and informal help-seeking and that respondents were deterred or from acknowledging the importance of informal care by the stereotypes held by others.
Electron transport through a coupled double dot molecule: role of inter-dot coupling, phononic and dissipative effects

In this work, we have investigated conduction through an artificial molecule comprising two coupled quantum dots. The question addressed is the role of inter-dot coupling on electronic transport. We find that the current through the molecule exhibits step-like features as a function of the voltage between the leads, where the step size increases as the inter-dot coupling is increased. These step-like features disappear with increasing tunneling rate from the leads, but we find that in the presence of coupling, this smooth behavior is not observed rather two kinks are seen in the current voltage curve. This shows that the resolution of the two levels persists if there is finite inter-dot coupling. Furthermore, we also consider the effects of electron-phonon interaction as well as dissipation on conduction in this system. Phononic side bands in the differential conductance survive for finite inter-dot coupling even for strong lead to molecule coupling.
STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF DEBRIS DISKS AROUND F-TYPE STARS. I. OBSERVATIONS, DATABASE, AND BASIC EVOLUTIONARY ASPECTS

Although photometric and spectroscopic surveys with the Spitzer Space Telescope remarkably increased the number of well-studied debris disks around A-type and Sun-like stars, detailed analyses of debris disks around F-type stars remained less frequent. Using the MIPS camera and the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) spectrograph, we searched for debris dust around 82 F-type stars with Spitzer. We found 27 stars that harbor debris disks, nine of which are new discoveries. The dust distribution around two of our stars, HD 50571 and HD 170773, was found to be marginally extended on the 70 μm MIPS images. Combining the MIPS and IRS measurements with additional infrared and submillimeter data, we achieved excellent spectral coverage for most of our debris systems. We have modeled the excess emission of 22 debris disks using a single temperature dust ring model and of five debris systems with two-temperature models. The latter systems may contain two dust rings around the star. In accordance with the expected trends, the fractional luminosity of the disks declines with time, exhibiting a decay rate consistent with the range of model predictions. We found the distribution of radial dust distances as a function of age to be consistent with the predictions of both the self-stirred and the planetary-stirred disk evolution models. A more comprehensive investigation of the evolution of debris disks around F-type stars, partly based on the presented data set, will be the subject of an upcoming paper.
Analysis of the Fluorescence Intensity Enhancement by Magnetic- Plasmonic Nanoparticles for Biomarkers Detection

A dependence of the intensity of the fluorescent signal on the distance between a fluorescence dye molecule and a surface of a small magnetic (Fe304) nanoparticle to the surface of a large plasmonic magnetic nanoparticle (covered by a small plasmonic layer) is analyzed. Simulations have shown that a large enhancement can be achieved by coating large magnetic nanoparticles with a thin metal layer for plasmon enhancement of the field intensity at the dye molecule area. It is shown that plasmon nanoparticles can tenfold increase the intensity of fluorescence. For the best fluorescence enhancement, the distance of a dye molecule from a small pure magnetic nanoparticle should be at least 5 nm. In another case, strong dissipation losses in magnet medium result in strong fluorescent quenching and loss in fluorescence intensity.
A Current-Injection-Based Flying Capacitor Balancing Circuit for Three-Level DC-DC Converter

This paper presents a current-injection-based balancing circuit for three-level DC-DC converter. Compared with the method of adjusting duty cycle to achieve flying capacitor balance, the proposed circuit avoids the unbalanced problem without affecting the frequency. In order to adjust the flying capacitor voltage adaptively, a digital controlled feedback loop with 9-bit counter is adopted. The three-level DC-DC converter is designed in a 0. 18μ m BCD process, and the input voltage range is 3-6V. Simulation results show that the proposed converter has a good performance of flying capacitor balance with a peak efficiency of 96.8%. The output voltage ripple and inductor current ripple can reach 0.15% and 1.06% of the output voltage and load current, respectively.
16 Gbps, 19.6mW Ultralow-Power-Consumption Continuous-phase Frequency-shift-keying Transmitter in 65 nm CMOS technology

This paper presents an ultralow power-consumption, high data-rate continuous-phase frequency-shift-keying (CPFSK) transmitter (TX). The TX mainly consists of a high-speed digitally controlled oscillator (DCO), a pseudorandom bit sequence (PRBS) generator, a wideband input clock butter and a CML-to-CMOS converter. The DCO is used to generate two carrier frequencies of $\approx 70 {\mathrm{GHz}}$ and $\approx 75 {\mathrm{GHz}}$. In order to achieve a low power consumption, high quality (Q) - factor inductors and capacitors are deliberately implemented in the DCO, and a high-speed switch is designed to obtain a high data rate. A half-rate, fully-differential PRBS generator with asynchronous XOR is also integrated for testing purposes. The TX was implemented in TSMC 65 nm CMOS with a chip size of $0.8 {\mathrm{mm}} \times 0.6 {\mathrm{mm}}$. The highest data rate of 16 Gbps is measured in the frequency domain. The DC power consumption of 19.6 mW from a 1.2V supply voltage is measured without the PRBS generator leading to an energy efficiency per bit of 1.225 pJ/bit. Due to its low power consumption and high data rate, the proposed TX is suitable for indoor short-range wireless communication and could also be adapted for future 6G mobile communication.