Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Validation System for Selection of Bacteriophages against Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Contamination

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) can cause severe infections in humans, leading to serious diseases and dangerous complications, such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Although cattle are a major reservoir of STEC, the most commonly occurring source of human infections are food products (e.g., vegetables) contaminated with cow feces (often due to the use of natural fertilizers in agriculture). Since the use of antibiotics against STEC is controversial, other methods for protection of food against contaminations by these bacteria are required. Here, we propose a validation system for selection of bacteriophages against STEC contamination. As a model system, we have employed a STEC-specific bacteriophage vB_Eco4M-7 and the E. coli O157:H7 strain no. 86-24, bearing Shiga toxin-converting prophage ST2-8624 (Δstx2::cat gfp). When these bacteria were administered on the surface of sliced cucumber (as a model vegetable), significant decrease in number viable E. coli cells was observed after 6 h of incubation. No toxicity of vB_Eco4M-7 against mammalian cells (using the Balb/3T3 cell line as a model) was detected. A rapid decrease of optical density of STEC culture was demonstrated following addition of a vB_Eco4M-7 lysate. However, longer incubation of susceptible bacteria with this bacteriophage resulted in the appearance of phage-resistant cells which predominated in the culture after 24 h incubation. Interestingly, efficiency of selection of bacteria resistant to vB_Eco4M-7 was higher at higher multiplicity of infection (MOI); the highest efficiency was evident at MOI 10, while the lowest occurred at MOI 0.001. A similar phenomenon of selection of the phage-resistant bacteria was also observed in the experiment with the STEC-contaminated cucumber after 24 h incubation with phage lysate. On the other hand, bacteriophage vB_Eco4M-7 could efficiently develop in host bacterial cells, giving plaques at similar efficiency of plating at 37, 25 and 12 °C, indicating that it can destroy STEC cells at the range of temperatures commonly used for vegetable short-term storage. These results indicate that bacteriophage vB_Eco4M-7 may be considered for its use in food protection against STEC contamination; however, caution should be taken due to the phenomenon of the appearance of phage-resistant bacteria.
The localisation of energy in general relativity

The logic of gravitational field energy localisation for static or quasi-static fields is discussed. A particular form of localisation in the case of spherical symmetry is justified by physical considerations. This form coincides with that general form presented by Moller (1952) for the case of the Schwarzschild constant-matter-density fluid but differs when one considers other equations of state.
Review on the health-promoting effect of adequate selenium status

Selenium is an essential microelement involved in various biological processes. Selenium deficiency increases the risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. Selenium possesses anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, and intestinal microbiota-regulating properties. The non-linear dose-response relationship between selenium status and health effects is U-shaped; individuals with low baseline selenium levels may benefit from supplementation, whereas those with acceptable or high selenium levels may face possible health hazards. Selenium supplementation is beneficial in various populations and conditions; however, given its small safety window, the safety of selenium supplementation is still a subject of debate. This review summarizes the current understanding of the health-promoting effects of selenium on the human body, the dietary reference intake, and evidence of the association between selenium deficiency and disease.
Dynamics and feedback sensitivity of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with arbitrary optical feedback intensity

Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) are the key laser sources in the high-performance computers (HPCs) and data centers (DCs). The explosive growth of data traffic in the HPCs and DCs requires increased bandwidths of VCSELs. In this paper, we deduce the Time-Delay (T-D) model considering the multiple round trips of light in VCSELs with an optical feedback cavity to enhance the modulation bandwidth. The T-D model is suitable for the VCSEL with an arbitrary optical feedback intensity. The influences of the round trip time m of light in the optical feedback cavity on the intensity-modulation responses with strong and weak optical feedback are studied. The feedback coefficients considering the multiple round trips of light in the optical feedback cavity and the dispersions of the distributed Bragg reflector are deduced, and are suitable for the arbitrary optical feedback intensity. The feedback coefficients are influenced by the value of m and the optical feedback intensity, and decrease as the value of m under arbitrary optical feedback intensity increases. The feedback coefficients under strong optical feedback are larger than that under weak optical feedback with the same value of m. The theories are useful for the high-speed VCSELs with optical feedback.
Assessment of insecticide resistance of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) populations to insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen, in the northeast region of Brazil

ABSTRACT: Vector control has been an essential strategy in Brazil to manage vector-borne diseases, and the use of insecticides plays an important role in this effort. Pyriproxyfen (PPF) has become a common insect growth regulator used to control juvenile stages of mosquitoes by disturbing their growth and development. This study assesses the susceptibility and resistance status of Brazilian Ae. aegypti populations that previously showed low resistance levels to PPF. Eggs of Ae. aegypti were collected from six cities located in the northeast states of Ceará (Quixadá, Icó, and Juazeiro do Norte), and Bahia (Itabuna, Brumado, and Serrinha). We used the Ae. aegypti Rockefeller strain as an experimental control and a strain known to be susceptible to insecticides. Inhibition of emergence rates by 50% of Ae. aegypti populations varied from 0.0098-0.046 µg/L. Mosquitoes from Icó, Serrinha, and Brumado showed low resistance levels [resistance ratio (RR50) = 2.33, 4.52, and 4.83, respectively], whereas moderate levels of resistance were detected in populations from Juazeiro do Norte (RR50=5.83) and Itabuna (RR50=7.88). Aedes aegypti collected from the Quixadá population showed a high resistance level to pyriproxyfen (RR50=11). The evolution of resistance in Brazilian Ae. aegypti populations to PPF can compromise vector control efforts. Continuous monitoring of insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti is essential for making timely management decisions for effective vector control and management.
Monographs on statistics and applied probability

1 Stochastic Population Models in Ecology and Epidemiology M.S. Barlett (1960) 2 Queues D.R. Cox and W.L. Smith (1961) 3 Monte Carlo Methods J.M. Hammersley and D.C. Handscomb (1964) 4 The Statistical Analysis of Series of Events D.R. Cox and P.A. W. Lewis (1966) 5 Population Genetics W.J. Ewens (1969) 6 Probability, Statistics and Time M.S. Barlett (1975) 7 Statistical Inference S.D. Silvey (1975) 8 The Analysis of Contingency Tables B.S. Everitt (1977) 9 Multivariate Analysis in Behavioural Research A.E. Maxwell (1977) 10 Stochastic Abundance Models S. Engen (1978) 11 Some Basic Theory for Statistical Inference E.J.G. Pitman (1979) 12 Point Processes D.R. Cox and V. Isham (1980) 13 Identification of Outliers D.M. Hawkins (1980) 14 Optimal Design S.D. Silvey (1980) 15 Finite Mixture Distributions B.S. Everitt and D.J. Hand (1981) 16 Classification A.D. Gordon (1981) 17 Distribution-Free Statistical Methods, 2nd edition J.S. Maritz (1995) 18 Residuals and Influence in Regression R.D. Cook and S. Weisberg (1982) 19 Applications of Queueing Theory, 2nd edition G.F. Newell (1982) 20 Risk Theory, 3rd edition R.E. Beard, T. Pentikäinen and E. Pesonen (1984) 21 Analysis of Survival Data D.R. Cox and D. Oakes (1984) 22 An Introduction to Latent Variable Models B.S. Everitt (1984) 23 Bandit Problems D.A. Berry and B. Fristedt (1985) 24 Stochastic Modelling and Control M.H. A. Davis and R. Vinter (1985) 25 The Statistical Analysis of Composition Data J. Aitchison (1986) 26 Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis B.W. Silverman (1986) 27 Regression Analysis with Applications G.B. Wetherill (1986) 28 Sequential Methods in Statistics, 3rd edition G.B. Wetherill and K.D. Glazebrook (1986) 29 Tensor Methods in Statistics P. McCullagh (1987) 30 Transformation and Weighting in Regression R.J. Carroll and D. Ruppert (1988) 31 Asymptotic Techniques for Use in Statistics O.E. Bandorff-Nielsen and D.R. Cox (1989) 32 Analysis of Binary Data, 2nd edition D.R. Cox and E.J. Snell (1989) 33 Analysis of Infectious Disease Data N.G. Becker (1989) 34 Design and Analysis of Cross-Over Trials B. Jones and M.G. Kenward (1989) 35 Empirical Bayes Methods, 2nd edition J.S. Maritz and T. Lwin (1989) 36 Symmetric Multivariate and Related Distributions K.T. Fang, S. Kotz and K.W. Ng (1990)
“Game Terakoya class 1” walkthrough: Directing students’ post-game discussions, academic work and participatory work through goals, curriculum, materials and interactions

I designed a curriculum called the “Game Terakoya” (named for the Japanese Edo Period private schools that taught reading and writing) that connects games with language and literacy work. This paper is a walkthrough of my first concerted attempt to implement my combination of games and the pedagogy of multiliteracies in a typical class setting. I describe my mediation work, namely, setting specific goals, developing a curriculum and sequence of activities that targeted those goals, developing a grading rubric based on those goals, and developing materials and project work and being deliberate about my interactions with students around academic work and participatory project work. The class and I were successful in many ways, one of the most notable being most groups’ clear connections of gameplay to game discussions to intellectual work to participatory work. The class and I stumbled in some ways as well, such as one large group failing to collaborate and complete project work, and many students not providing enough reasons and details in their L2 project work worksheets. I suggest implications for other teachers’ classes and outline my numerous next steps to refine my continued explorations of games and multiliteracies pedagogy with my curriculum, materials and interactions with students.
ABUNDANCES IN THREE HEAVY-ELEMENT STARS IN OMEGA CENTAURI

The abundances of the iron-peak elements Fe, Ni and Ti, the light metals Mg, Al and K and the s-process elements Rb, Y and Zr are determined for the heavy-element stars ROA 371, ROA 5293 and ROA 3812 in the globular cluster omega Centauri. ROA 3812 and ROA 5293 are classified as S stars while ROA 371 is classified as a K5 barium star. The metallicities of ROA 3812, 5293 and 371 are [Fe/H] = -0.7, -0.8 and -1.0 respectively. Thus, ROA 371 has a metallicity slightly higher than the red giants analyzed by Brown et al., 1991 and ROA 3812 and 5293 have metallicities near the upper end of the range for the cluster. All three stars show an excess of Al, which is common in red giants of omega Cen, and a mean excess of the s-process elements Rb, Y, and Zr of 1.4 dex. In addition, all three stars are too faint to by asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars according to current theory. Hence, they were either formed with their present composition, as suggested by Lloyd Evans (1983a) or are binaries that have had their atmospheres polluted by a now defunct companion. Based upon the dependence of [s/Fe] on [Fe/H] for various s-process elements over a range from [Fe/H] = -2.0 to [Fe/H] = -0.7, we show that the Lloyd Evans hypothesis is probably correct. This shows that mass-loss from AGB stars was contributing s-process elements to the intracluster gas for as much as 109 years before Type Ia SNe swept the cluster clear of gas and terminated star-formation.
The General Expressions for the Moments of the Stochastic Shrinkage Parameters of the Liu Type Estimator

ABSTRACT One of the problems with the Liu estimator is the appropriate value for the unknown biasing parameter d. In this article we consider the optimum value for d and give upper bound for the expected value of the estimator of this biasing parameter. We also derive the general expressions for the moments of the stochastic shrinkage parameters of the Liu estimator and the generalized Liu estimator. Numerical calculations are carried out to illustrate the behavior of the mean and variance of the biasing parameter. Also, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effect of the biasing parameter d, on the mean square error of the Liu estimator.
Correcting Three Errors in Kantorovich & Krylov's Approximate Methods of Higher Analysis

Abstract The Nobel laureate Kantorovich and his collaborator produced a book full of treasures, a chrestomathy of accurate, explicit solutions to linear and nonlinear differential equations, both ordinary and partial, and also integral equations. We show that computer algebra systems (CAS) such as Maple, Mathematica, and Reduce compress weeks of paper and pencil calculations (“chirugery”) into a few lines of code. (Four Maple codes are included as tables.) However, modern number-crunching (“arithmurgy”) has offered new insights. Here, we improve upon three problems in Kantorovich and Krylov. First, the error in a Legendre-Galerkin explicit approximation to the solution of a linear integral equation is reduced by a factor of 35 by building the boundary conditions into the approximation. Second, we apply a perturbation series in powers of an artificial parameter ε to conformally map a complicated domain to or from the unit disk, and, unlike the book, we analyze corner singularities. Lastly, we apply Euler acceleration to obtain a rapidly convergent series in ε where the unaccelerated series is divergent or converges so slowly as to be useless. An important theme is that what are usually thought of as numerical algorithms can generate explicit, symbolic approximations. The methods of Kantorovich and Krylov are where the often antagonistic worlds of number crunching and of analytical expansions and approximations are blended into tools of great power through computer algebra.
Effect of spin diffusion on Gilbert damping for a very thin permalloy layer in Cu/permalloy/Cu/Pt films

Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) was measured for Cu/permalloy (Py) (20, 30, 40 \AA{})/Cu ${(d}_{\mathrm{Cu}})/\mathrm{Pt}$ (0, 50 \AA{}) films with various ${d}_{\mathrm{Cu}}$ to clarify the effect of spin diffusion driven by the precession of magnetization on Gilbert damping. The peak-to-peak linewidth $\ensuremath{\Delta}{H}_{\mathrm{pp}}$ of the FMR spectra for Cu/Py/Cu/Pt films was very large at ${d}_{\mathrm{Cu}}=0\mathrm{\AA{}},$ and decreased remarkably at ${d}_{\mathrm{Cu}}=30\mathrm{\AA{}}. $ Above ${d}_{\mathrm{Cu}}=30\mathrm{\AA{}},$ it decreased gradually with increasing ${d}_{\mathrm{Cu}}$ in the anomalously wide range of ${d}_{\mathrm{Cu}}. $ The out-of-plane angular dependence of the FMR of Cu/Py(30 \AA{})/Cu ${(d}_{\mathrm{Cu}})/\mathrm{Pt}$ (0, 50 \AA{}) films was measured and analyzed using a Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation that took into account the local variation of the effective demagnetizing field. The Gilbert damping coefficient G obtained from the analysis for Cu/Py/Cu/Pt films was about twice as large as that for Cu/Py/Cu films even at ${d}_{\mathrm{Cu}}=100\mathrm{\AA{}}$ and decreased gradually as ${d}_{\mathrm{Cu}}$ increased. At ${d}_{\mathrm{Cu}}=2000\char21{}3000\mathrm{\AA{}},$ G for Cu/Py/Cu/Pt and Cu/Py/Cu films has the same value. We discussed the influence of spin diffusion driven by the precession of magnetization in FMR on G using a previously proposed model. The calculated G vs ${d}_{\mathrm{Cu}}$ fitted well to the experimental one, and the other features of the experimental results are well explained by the model.
On the central limit theorem and iterated logarithm law for stationary processes

It has recently emerged that a convenient way to establish central limit and iterated logarithm results for processes with stationary increments is to use approximating martingales with stationary increments. Functional forms of the limit results can be obtained via a representation for the increments of the stationary process in terms of stationary martingale differences plus other terms whose sum telescopes and disappears under suitable norming. Results based on the most general form of such a representation are here obtained.
Effect of Linseeds and Hemp Seeds on Milk Production, Energy and Nitrogen Balance, and Methane Emissions in the Dairy Goat

Simple Summary The inclusion of whole oilseeds in the diets of ruminants can be a useful strategy for reducing methane emissions and improving milk quality. This study evaluated the effects of the inclusion of whole hemp seeds or linseeds in the diet of dairy goats. The results showed that neither seed caused a reduction in methane emission or an increase in milk yield, but both seeds improved the milk quality in terms of fatty acid composition. Abstract The effect of whole linseeds or hemp seeds on milk production, energy and nitrogen balance, and methane emission was studied in 12 Alpine goats using respiration chambers. Diets tested were a control diet (C) and two diets supplemented with whole linseeds (L) or hemp seeds (H) at 9.3% on a dry matter (DM) basis. DM intake was similar among treatments, whereas DM and organic matter digestibility were lower for L compared to C. Milk yield (2.30 kg/d on average) and rumen fermentation profile were not affected by treatments. Treatment also did not affect the milk composition, with the exception of fat, which was higher in H and L compared to C (4.21, 3.94, and 3.20%, respectively). Oilseed supplementation caused a reduction in the concentration of de novo fatty acids (FA) (41.1, 48.8, and 64.1% of FA, for L, H, and C, respectively). Moreover, L and H diets reduced the sum of saturated FA, and increased monounsaturated FA, whereas only the L diet increased the concentration of polyunsaturated FA. Regarding methane production, and nitrogen and energy balances, no differences were registered among the diets. Our research indicates that including whole linseeds and hemp seeds in the dairy goat diet is an effective strategy for increasing milk fat content and positively modifying the milk FA composition, without a change in nitrogen and energy balances, but also without a reduction in enteric methane emission.
Evidence of finite-size effect on the Néel temperature in ultrathin layers of CoO nanograins

A significant reduction in the N\'eel temperature of CoO ultrathin films is revealed by highly sensitive specific heat measurement. It is found that the films consist of weakly coupled antiferromagnetic (AF) grains. The ${T}_{N}$ reduction from large to small grain samples scales with the grain size reduction, according to the Binder theory of critical phenomena in systems of reduced dimensions. In these finite AF nanosystems, the intergrain exchange interaction is reduced by the presence of surface Co spins, weakly coupled to Co moments inside the grains.
Using Deep-Learning-Based Artificial Intelligence Technique to Automatically Evaluate the Collateral Status of Multiphase CTA in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background: Collateral status is an important predictor for the outcome of acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion. Multiphase computed-tomography angiography (mCTA) is useful to evaluate the collateral status, but visual evaluation of this examination is time-consuming. This study aims to use an artificial intelligence (AI) technique to develop an automatic AI prediction model for the collateral status of mCTA. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled subjects with acute ischemic stroke receiving endovascular thrombectomy between January 2015 and June 2020 in a tertiary referral hospital. The demographic data and images of mCTA were collected. The collateral status of all mCTA was visually evaluated. Images at the basal ganglion and supraganglion levels of mCTA were selected to produce AI models using the convolutional neural network (CNN) technique to automatically predict the collateral status of mCTA. Results: A total of 82 subjects were enrolled. There were 57 cases randomly selected for the training group and 25 cases for the validation group. In the training group, there were 40 cases with a positive collateral result (good or intermediate) and 17 cases with a negative collateral result (poor). In the validation group, there were 21 cases with a positive collateral result and 4 cases with a negative collateral result. During training for the CNN prediction model, the accuracy of the training group could reach 0.999 ± 0.015, whereas the prediction model had a performance of 0.746 ± 0.008 accuracy on the validation group. The area under the ROC curve was 0.7. Conclusions: This study suggests that the application of the AI model derived from mCTA images to automatically evaluate the collateral status is feasible.
In vivo adaptive antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae during antibiotic therapy

Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the leading pathogens contributing to antimicrobial resistance. The emergence of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) has put the use of clinical antimicrobial agents in a dilemma. In particular, CRKP exhibiting resistance to ceftazidime/avibactam, tigecycline and colistin have raised great clinical concern, as these are the last-resort antibiotics for the treatment of CRKP infections. Within-host evolution is a survival strategy closely related to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, while little attention has been paid to the in vivo genetic process of conversion from antibiotic-susceptible to resistant K. pneumoniae. Here we have a literature review regarding the in vivo evolution of resistance to carbapenems, ceftazidime/avibactam, tigecycline, and colistin in K. pneumoniae during antibacterial therapy, and summarized the detailed resistance mechanisms. In general, acquiring blaKPC and blaNDM harboring-plasmid, specific mutations in blaKPC, and porin genes, such as ompK35 and ompK36, upregulation of blaKPC, contribute to the development of carbapenem and ceftazidime/avibactam resistance in vivo. Overexpression of efflux pumps, acquiring plasmid-carrying tet (A) variants, and ribosomal protein change can lead to the adaptive evolution of tigecycline resistance. Specific mutations in chromosomes result in the cationic substitution of the phosphate groups of lipid A, thus contributing to colistin resistance. The resistant plasmid might be acquired from the co-infecting or co-colonizing strains, and the internal environment and antibiotic selection pressure contribute to the emergence of resistant mutants. The internal environment within the human host could serve as an important source of resistant K. pneumoniae strains.