Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Approach of Human Motion Detection Methods in video Surveillance Application –A Review

: Identifying the moving objects from a video sequence is the fundamental and critical task in robotics, surveillance and many computer vision applications. According to the result of moving object detection research on video sequences, this work gives a review on existing methods and proposes a comparative analysis using statistical methods and self organizing method to detect moving object . We are using Background Subtraction and Self Organizing Background Subtraction (SOBS) algorithm for moving object detection. In Background Subtraction establishing a reliable background updating model based on statistical and use a dynamic optimization threshold method to obtain a more complete moving object. While in SOBS approach to moving object detection based on neural background model automatically generated by a self organizing approach. The proposed method runs quickly, accurately and fits for the real-time detection
The Adoption of ICT by Libraries of Teacher Colleges of Education The Adoption of ICT by Libraries of Teacher Colleges of Education in Northern Ghana: challenges and prospects in Northern Ghana: challenges and prospects

This study was conducted to investigate the adoption of ICT by libraries of teacher training colleges of education located in northern Ghana. The study an area covers five administrative regions located in northern Ghana. These are the Northern Region, North East Region, Upper East Region, Savanna Region and Upper West Region. The survey method was used and questionnaire was used as data gathering tool. Copies of the questionnaire were issued to eight librarians of the eight teacher college libraries in the study area. Findings of the study revealed that the adoption of ICT by libraries of teacher training colleges of education located in northern Ghana was still a new phenomenon and therefore in a conception stage. The study also revealed that although the libraries use ICT in the provision of some services these services were inadequate because of some challenges such as inadequate funding, lack of skilled staff, and the lack of support from management. The study recommended that ICT literacy training should be given to college librarians since ICT is a dynamic environment which needs constant practice and training. It was also recommended that
University of Birmingham Parallel Robot for Lower Limb Rehabilitation Exercises

The aim of this study is to investigate the capability of a 6-DoF parallel robot to perform various rehabilitation exercises. The foot trajectories of twenty healthy participants have been measured by a Vicon system during the performing of four different exercises. Based on the kinematics and dynamics of a parallel robot, a MATLAB program was developed in order to calculate the length of the actuators, the actuators’ forces, workspace, and singularity locus of the robot during the performing of the exercises. The calculated length of the actuators and the actuators’ forces were used by motion analysis in SolidWorks in order to simulate different foot trajectories by the CAD model of the robot. A physical parallel robot prototype was built in order to simulate and execute the foot trajectories of the participants. Kinect camera was used to track the motion of the leg’s model placed on the robot. The results demonstrate the robot’s capability to perform a full range of various rehabilitation exercises.
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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance that occurs during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. As the incidence of GDM rises, so does the risk of maternal and fetal complications with shortand long-term consequences. As a result, early diagnosis and treatment of this condition are important to avoiding adverse pregnancy outcomes. Exosomes are tiny vesicles secreted by living cells which contain a variety of bioactive substances. They are released by cells to facilitate cell-to-cell communication and regulate a variety of biological processes such as cellular immune response, inflammatory response, and apoptosis, among others. Many studies have recently confirmed that changes in the expression and secretion of exosomal miRNAs can be used as novel markers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of GDM. In this review, we summarized the various roles of exosomal miRNAs and circulating miRNAs in GDM. We found that the changes in the expression of certain miRNAs could be used to diagnosing GDM. Exosomal miRNAs target metabolic pathways, resulting in insulin resistance. We also highlighted the potential for miRNAs and exosomal miRNAs to be used as biomarkers for diagnosis or therapeutic agents.
Using Synthetic Images as Training Data for Object Orientation Prediction

In this paper, we are documenting our project related to detecting objects in 2D images as well as determining its 3D orientations relative to the camera. We use Yolo for the object detection task and Convolutional neural network (CNN) for the regression task in estimating the object orientation. We generate our own synthetic images as training data using computer rendering. Compared to the work described in [6], we are trying to solve the orientation prediction as a regression problem rather than as a classification problem. We test our model on both synthetic test data, and on images of real objects.
Depression and quality of life in patients with in�ammatory bowel diseases

This cross-sectional study was carried out to �nd prevalence and possible relation between decreased quality of life and depression among patients with in�ammatory bowel disease. Aims: Due to possible common biological pathways between in�ammation in IBD and depression and due to the high burden of depression on both patient and health care institution, it is important to identify and initiate treatment to improve quality of life, disease outcome and reversed events associated with depression. Methods: 41 patients with either Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis participated in a questionnaire-based interview. Beck’s depression inventory was used for depression assessment and quality of life. Peripheral blood was collected for analyzing in�ammatory and anemia markers. Data was then used for statistical analysis. Results: most patients were clinically free of depression. However, there was a strong correlation between number of exacerbations and depression in patients with Ulcerative Colitis, there was a negative correlation between serum leukocytes and depression, and the use of Mesalazine had a protective effect. Conclusion: in�ammation in the gut may provoke depressive phenotype and vice versa. This may be caused by biological, social and psychological factors. Depression may also cause decreased quality of life, why it is necessary to identify these symptoms early and thereby reduce the risk of decreased quality of life.
How Transformational Leadership Influence Follower’s Innovative Behavior; Mediating Role of Empowerment

— The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between transformational leadership phychological empowerment, and innovative work behavior. Data for this research was collected from 187 organization’s employees working in the services industries in Pakistan. Structural equation modeling was utilized to test hypothesis. The findings revealed that transformation leadership and empowerment were significantly related to innovative behavior. Findings also suggest that the transformational leadership has a positive impact on the empowerment of the employees. For developing innovative work behavior in employees, organizational leadership must struggle for getting the employees’ trust in the organization, by empowering them with decision making authority to show innovative behavior.
Platelet Rich Plasma and Stromal Vascular Fraction as Therapeutic Agents for Pain Management: A Primer for Physicians

This paper collects the current therapeutic approaches to pain management using the new treatment modalities Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) and Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) and is intended as a primer for physicians considering the addition of stem cell (SC) related treatments to their practices. Most studies have found little or no adverse effects and have suggested that PRP is a safe, minimally invasive treatment for many painful conditions. Further, autologous adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) display immunosuppressive properties and low immunogenicity, their capacity to secrete trophic factors augments the therapeutic and corrective outcome in a wide range of applications and ADSCs are abundant at approximately 500 times the naturally occurring levels found in bone marrow (BM) and can be retrieved with fall less morbidity.
N ANOHILLS IN S I G E /S I S TRUCTURE F ORMED BY L ASER R ADIATION

- 1.54 eV) is explained by the Quantum confinement effect in the nanohills. The maximum of this photoluminescence band slightly shifts to shorter wavelengths with the increase of the intensity of laser pulses used for sample treatment. Appearance of the 300 cm Ge-Ge vibration band in Raman scattering spectra for sample irradiated with I=20.0MW/cm is explained by Ge phase formation. Formation of the Ge-rich phase is explained by localization of Ge atoms drifting toward the irradiated surface under the thermal gradient due to strong ab-sorption of laser radiation.
Integrated Rehabilitation Approach for Small Children with Damage to the Central Nervous System

Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a condition determined by a damage occurred in the developing brain of children during the first year of life, resulting in cognitive alterations and motor disorders like spasticity. It is known in Literature the efficacy of integrated rehabilitative treatment for CP. The aim of this study, conducted in the Chair of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Univeristy “G. D’Annunzio” of Chieti - Pescara, was to demonstrate the importance of an early integrated rehabilitative treatment as affirmed in Literature for patients affected by CP. Materials and methods : 20 patients with CP were recruited, aged between 2 and 7 years old, of both sexes. Datas were collected at the beginning of the treatment (T0), at 3 months (T1), at 6 months (T2) using the Gross Motor Function Measure, the WeeFIM and the Barthel Index. Patients performed 3 weekly therapeutic sessions, each one lasting 1 hour, for a total of 6 months and 1 weekly session for the remaining 6 months. Each session consisted in a set of proprioceptive and stretching exercises. Conclusions: at time T2, patients showed an increase in their motor and cognitive abilities. These improvements resulted in a greater independence of patients from caregivers and in an overall better quality of life.
Sex differences in neural substrates of risk taking: Implications for sex-specific vulnerabilities to internet gaming disorder

Abstract Background and aims Sex differences in internet gaming disorder (IGD) remain unknown. Investigating sex-specific neural features that underlie the core risk factor (i.e., risk-taking) of IGD would help in understanding sex-specific vulnerabilities to IGD and advance sex-specific treatments and prevention for IGD. Methods 111 participants (28 IGD males, 27 IGD females, 26 recreational game user (RGU) males, 30 RGU females) completed a probability discounting task during fMRI scanning. Results First, among RGUs, males showed a higher risk-taking tendency and greater neural activation associated with risk/value evaluation for reward (the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), left putamen) and smaller activation associated with cognitive control (the inferior frontal gyrus) than females during the contrast of risky-safe choices. Moreover, males showed a greater modulatory effect of risky choices on the connection from the vmPFC/ACC to the left putamen than females. Second, IGD males showed decreased activation in the vmPFC/ACC and left putamen compared to RGU males, whereas this decrease did not exist in IGD females. Discussion Males show a higher risk-taking tendency than females. Altered neural substrates associated with risky decision-making exist in IGD males but not in IGD females. Conclusions The present findings fill the gap in information on the behavioral and neural substrates underlying IGD among females and demonstrate that a high risk-taking tendency is a risk factor and core symptom only in IGD males but not in IGD females. It is necessary to design and adopt distinct treatments and prevention strategies for IGD in males and females.
Caveolin‐1 suppresses hippocampal neuron apoptosis via the regulation of HIF1α in hypoxia in naked mole‐rats

Naked mole‐rats (NMRs) (Heterocephalus glaber) are highly social and subterranean rodents with large communal colonies in burrows containing low oxygen levels. The inhibition of severe hypoxic conditions is of particular interest to this study. To understand the mechanisms that facilitate neuronal preservation during hypoxia, we investigated the proteins regulating hypoxia tolerance in NMR hippocampal neurons. Caveolin‐1 (Cav‐1), a transmembrane scaffolding protein, confers prosurvival signalling in the central nervous system. The present study aimed to investigate the role of Cav‐1 in hypoxia‐induced neuronal injury. Western blotting analysis and immunocytochemistry showed that Cav‐1 expression was significantly upregulated in NMR hippocampal neurons under 8% O2 conditions for 8 h. Cav‐1 alleviates apoptotic neuronal death from hypoxia. Downregulation of Cav‐1 by lentiviral vectors suggested damage to NMR hippocampal neurons under hypoxic conditions in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of Cav‐1 by LV‐Cav‐1 enhanced hypoxic tolerance of NMR hippocampal neurons in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the levels of hypoxia inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) are also increased under hypoxic conditions. After inhibiting the binding of HIF‐1α to hypoxia response elements in the DNA by echinomycin, Cav‐1 levels were downregulated significantly. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed the direct role of HIF1α in regulating the expression levels of Cav‐1 in NMR hippocampal neurons under hypoxic conditions. These findings suggest that Cav‐1 plays a critical role in modulating the apoptosis of NMR hippocampal neurons and warrant further studies targeting Cav‐1 to treat hypoxia‐associated brain diseases.
Low-voltage Activating K+ Channels in Cochlear Afferent Nerve Fiber Dendrites

Cochlear afferent nerve fibers (ANF) are the first neurons in the ascending auditory pathway. We investigated the low-voltage activating K+ channels expressed in ANF dendrites using isolated rat cochlear segments. Whole cell patch clamp recordings were made from the dendritic terminals of ANFs. Outward currents activating at membrane potentials as low as -64 mV were observed in all dendrites studied. These currents were inhibited by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a blocker known to preferentially inhibit low-voltage activating K+ currents (IKL) in CNS auditory neurons and spiral ganglion neurons. When the dendritic IKL was blocked by 4-AP, the EPSP decay time was significantly prolonged, suggesting that dendritic IKL speeds up the decay of EPSPs and likely modulates action potentials of ANFs. To reveal molecular subtype of dendritic IKL, α-dendrotoxin (α-DTX), a selective inhibitor for Kv1.1, Kv1.2, and Kv1.6 containing channels, was tested. α-DTX inhibited 23±9% of dendritic IKL. To identify the α-DTX-sensitive and α-DTX-insensitive components of IKL, immunofluorescence labeling was performed. Strong Kv1.1- and Kv1.2-immunoreactivity was found at unmyelinated dendritic segments, nodes of Ranvier, and cell bodies of most ANFs. A small fraction of ANF dendrites showed Kv7.2-immunoreactivity. These data suggest that dendritic IKL is conducted through Kv1.1and Kv1.2 channels, with a minor contribution from Kv7.2 and other as yet unidentified channels.
Action observation and motor imagery have no effect on balance and freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND Combining action observation (AO) and motor imagery (MI) training may induce greater brain activity in areas usually involved in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and lead to greater behavioral and neurophysiological effects than when used separately. AIM To determine the effects of combining AO, MI, and gait training on balance and freezing of gait in individuals with PD. DESIGN This is a single-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial. SETTING Laboratory of Intervention and Analysis of Movement (LIAM) from the Department of Physical Therapy of a Brazilian University. POPULATION Study sample consisted of individuals diagnosed with idiopathic PD by a neurologist specialized in movement disorders. METHODS: 39 individuals with PD were divided into experimental (EG=21) and control groups (CG=18). EG performed 12 sessions of AO, MI, and gait training, whereas CG watched PD-related educational videos and performed 12 sessions of gait training. Balance (measured using the Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test [MiniBESTest]) and freezing of gait (measured using the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire) were reassessed one day after the end of the intervention. RESULTS We did not observe significant intra- and intergroup differences in freezing of gait. For the EG, we observed a significant intragroup difference in the total score of MiniBESTest (F=5.2; P=0.02), and sensory orientation (F=4.5; P=0.04) and dynamic gait (F=3.6; P=0.03) domains. MiniBESTest domains were not different between groups. CONCLUSIONS Combining AO, MI, and gait training was not more effective than isolated gait training for balance and freezing of gait in individuals with PD. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT MI training can moderate AO effects and enhance motor learning when both therapies are combined. Therefore, this approach may still have the potential to be included in the treatment of PD. New studies should investigate whether the factors that influence these results are related to the protocol’s sensitivity in changing the evaluated parameters or to the time and intensity of AO and MI training.
Comparative Analysis of Image Enhancement Quality Based on Domains

First method is spatial domain and the effective of four diverse image spatial techniques (histogram equalization, adaptive histogram, histogram matching, and unsharp masking) produce sharpening and smoothening of image. Secondly, frequency domain technique and the effective of three diverse image spatial techniques (bilateral, homo-morphic and trilateral filter) were examined to achieve low noise image. Finally, SVD,QR,SLANT and HADAMARD was examined whichincreased human visual. For the above techniques, different quality parameters are evaluated. From the above evaluation, the proposed method identifies the best method among the three domains.
Prevalence of substance use and associated factors among secondary school adolescents in Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania

Background Substance use among school-going adolescents increases the risk of developing mental disorders, addiction, and substance use disorders. These may lead to poor academic performance and reduced productivity, which affects adolescent lives. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of substance use and associated factors among secondary school adolescents in the Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania. Methodology The study used secondary data from a cross-sectional survey of adolescents aged 10–19 years from public secondary schools in the Kilimanjaro Region, northern Tanzania. Substance use was measured using the Global School Health Survey (GSHS) questionnaire. Categorical variables were summarized using frequencies and percentages, while numerical variables used mean and standard deviation. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to obtain odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to determine risk factors associated with lifetime and current (within the past 30 days preceding the survey) substance use. Results The lifetime and current prevalence of substance use among 3224 adolescents was 19.7% and 12.8%, respectively, while alcohol and cigarettes were commonly used. Female adolescents had lower odds of current substance use (OR = 0.63, 95%CI 0.50–0.80). Higher odds of current substance use were among adolescents who have ever had sex (OR = 4.31, 95%CI 3.25–5.71), ever engaged in a physical fight (OR = 2.19, 95%CI 1.73–2.78), ever been bullied (OR = 1.55, 95%CI 1.16–2.05), always seen alcohol advertisements (OR = 1.87, 95%CI 1.37–2.53), and adolescents whose parent/guardians rarely understood their problems (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.03–1.85). Adolescents whose classmates always showed social support had lower odds of current substance use (AOR = 0.71, 95%CI 0.53–0.97). Similar factors were associated with lifetime substance users. Conclusion The study reflects a high prevalence of substance use among adolescents in the Kilimanjaro region. Alcohol and cigarette are the most prevalent substances used. Regulatory measures are essential to limit alcohol advertisements that are media portrayed. Efforts are needed to reduce risk behaviors, such as physical violence and bullying, through peer support groups/clubs in school environments.
The diagnostic value of native kidney biopsy in low grade, subnephrotic, and nephrotic range proteinuria: A retrospective cohort study

Background In nephrotic range proteinuria of adult-onset, kidney biopsy is the diagnostic gold standard in determining the underlying cause of disease. However, in low grade or subnephrotic proteinuria the diagnostic value of kidney biopsy as first-line diagnostics is less well established. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of all native kidney biopsies at our institution (n = 639) between 01/2012 and 05/2021 for comparison of histological diagnoses and clinical outcomes stratified by amount of proteinuria at the time of kidney biopsy: A: <300mg/g creatinine (low grade), B: 300-3500mg/g creatinine (subnephrotic), C >3500mg/g creatinine (nephrotic). Results Nephrotic range proteinuria was associated with the highest frequency (49.3%) of primary glomerulopathies followed by subnephrotic (34.4%) and low grade proteinuria (37.7%). However, within the subnephrotic group, the amount of proteinuria at kidney biopsy was linearly associated with renal and overall survival (HR 1.05 per Δ100mg protein/g creatinine (95% CI: 1.02–1.09, p = 0.001)) independent of present histological diagnoses and erythrocyturia. Conclusion Frequency of primary glomerulopathies supports to perform kidney biopsy in patients with subnephrotic proteinuria. These patients have a substantial risk of ESKD and death upon follow-up. Therefore, diagnostic accuracy including histopathology is essential to guide personalized treatment and avert detrimental courses.