Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depression Mediates the Relationship between Childhood Trauma and Internet Addiction in Female but Not Male Chinese Adolescents and Young Adults

Internet addiction is associated with a range of psychological risk factors such as childhood trauma and depression. Studies have also suggested sex differences in internet and other behavioral addictions. However, it remains unclear how childhood trauma, depression and internet addiction inter-relate differently between the sexes. A total of 1749 adolescents and young adults aged 12–27 participated in a survey of sociodemographic characteristics and standardized assessments to evaluate internet addiction (Internet Addiction Test), childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory). Mediation and path analyses were used to examine the relationship between childhood trauma, depression and internet addiction. Internet-addicted females relative to males showed more severe depression but the control participants showed the opposite. Childhood trauma was associated with depression for both internet-addicted males and females; however, internet-addicted females but not males showed significant associations between depression and the severity of internet addiction as well as between childhood trauma and the severity of internet addiction. Further, in females, depression mediated the correlations between all types of childhood trauma and the severity of internet addiction. A path analysis suggested that sexual abuse and emotional neglect contributed most significantly to internet addiction when all types of childhood trauma were examined in one model. The findings suggest sex differences in the relationship between childhood trauma, depression and internet addiction. Childhood trauma contributes to internet addiction through depression only in females. The findings may guide future prevention and intervention strategies of internet addiction.
Effects of Bentonite Application and Urea Fertilization Time on Growth, Development and Nitrate Accumulation in Spinach (Spinacia oleraceae L.)

ABSTRACT Under excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, vegetables can accumulate high levels of nitrate in their vegetative body and, when consumed by living organisms, pose serious health-related risks for humans. Regarding such problems, it is necessary to minimize the accumulation of nitrate in leafy vegetables. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate bentonite levels (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 g/kg soil) application and urea fertilization times (25, 50, 75 days after sowing; at the rate of 0.2 g per pot) on the growth, development and nitrate accumulation of spinach. Results showed that urea fertilization on 25 days after sowing date had the highest effect on the quality, while application of 60 gr bentonite had the highest effect on the improvement of growth parameters of spinach. The lowest nitrate and nitrite accumulation rate was observed at urea fertilization on 50 days after planting and lack of bentonite application, whereas the lowest oxalic acid content was obtained at urea fertilization on 25 days after planting in a soil without bentonite application. The results showed that implementing an appropriate rate of bentonite and urea fertilization times may bring about favorable results for spinach production.
Towards a Rule-based Visualization Recommendation System

Data visualization plays an important role in the analysis of data and the identification of insights and characteristics within the dataset. However, visualizing datasets, especially high dimensional ones, is a very difficult and time-consuming process that requires a great deal of manual effort. The automation of data visualization is done in the form of Visualization Recommendation Systems by detecting factors such as data characteristics and user intended tasks in order to recommend useful visualizations. In this paper, we propose a Visualization Recommendation System, built on a knowledge-based rule engine, that takes minimal user input, extracts important data characteristics and supports a large number of visualization techniques depending on both the data characteristics and the intended tasks of the user. Through our proposed model we show the efficacy of such recommendations for users without any domain expertise. Lastly, we evaluate our system with real-world use case scenarios to prove the effectiveness and the feasibility of our approach.
Preparation and Performance of Black Liquor Lignin Basic Activated Woodceramics Doped Ni

: Ni doping woodceramics were prepared from papermaking black liquor lignin and NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O, which sintered at 1200 ℃ and then activated with KOH. The Ni doping activated graphite woodceramics presents 3-D net structure with foam formation. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectrum, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, specific surface area tester, and electrochemical workstation were employed to characterize the samples. The results show that Ni constructs the framework of woodceramics, and catalyzes graphitization of amorphous carbon. The sample displays obvious graphitization tendency, and graphene lamellar structure is found. The lattice spacing is close to the lattice parameter of ideal graphite. Meanwhile, activating treatment can effec-tively form hierarchical porous and increase the quantity of micropores and ultramicropore. The pore diameter mainly concentrats at 3.60 nm, and the specific surface area increases from 359 m 2 · g –1 to 856 m 2 · g –1 , as the sample activated at 800 for 3 h. ℃ Additionally, activation improves the electrochemical performance of Ni doping woodceramics, whose specific capacitance is 153.8 F·g –1 at 20 mV · s –1 scanning rate, 2.2 times higher than that of non-activated sample.
Frequency of Online Health Information Seeking and Types of Information Sought Among the General Chinese Population: Cross-sectional Study

Background The internet is one of the most popular health information resources, and the Chinese constitute one-fifth of the online users worldwide. As internet penetration continues to rise, more details on the Chinese population seeking online health information need to be known based on the current literature. Objective This study aims to explore the sociodemographic differences in online health information seeking (OHIS), including the frequency of OHIS and the types of online health information sought among the general Chinese population in mainland China. Methods A cross-sectional study for assessing the residents’ health care needs with self-administered questionnaires was implemented in 4 counties and districts in China from July 2018 to August 2018. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to identify the sociodemographic differences between infrequent and frequent online health information seekers. We also performed binary logistic regression for the 4 types of online health information as the dependent variables and the sociodemographic factors as the independent variables. Results Compared with infrequent online health information seekers, frequent seekers were more likely to be female (infrequent: 1654/3318; 49.85%; frequent: 1015/1831, 55.43%), older (over 60 years old; infrequent: 454/3318, 13.68%; frequent: 282/1831, 15.40%), married (infrequent: 2649/3318, 79.84%; frequent: 1537/1831, 83.94%), and better educated (bachelor’s or above; infrequent: 834/3318, 25.14%; frequent: 566/1831, 30.91%). They were also more likely to earn a higher income (over RMB ¥50k [RMB ¥1=US $0.15641]; infrequent: 1139/3318, 34.33%; frequent: 710/1831, 34.78%), have commercial health insurance (infrequent: 628/3318, 18.93%; frequent: 470/1831, 25.67%), and have reported illness in the past 12 months (infrequent: 659/3318, 19.86%; frequent: 415/1831, 22.67%). Among the 4 health information types, health science popularization was the most searched for information by Chinese online health information seekers (3654/5149, 70.79%), followed by healthy behaviors (3567/5149, 69.28%), traditional Chinese medicine (1931/5149, 37.50%), and medical concerns (1703/5149, 33.07%). The binary logistic regression models showed that males were less likely to seek information on healthy behaviors (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.69, 95% CI 0.61-0.78) and traditional Chinese medicine (AOR 0.64, 95% CI 0.57-0.73), and respondents who had at least 1 chronic disease were more likely to seek information on medical concerns (AOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.07-1.51) and traditional Chinese medicine (AOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06-1.49). Conclusions Sociodemographic factors were associated with the frequency of OHIS and types of information sought among the general Chinese population. The results remind providers of online health information to consider the needs of specific population groups when tailoring and presenting health information to the target population.
Physicochemical Properties of Activated Carbon: Their Effect on the Adsorption of Pharmaceutical Compounds and Adsorbate–Adsorbent Interactions

The adsorption of salicylic acid, acetaminophen, and methylparaben (pharmaceutical products derived from phenol) on carbons activated with different surface chemistries was carried out. We evaluated the effect of the physicochemical properties of the adsorbent and adsorbates on the adsorption capacity. A study of the adsorbate–adsorbent interactions via immersion calorimetry in the analytes solutions at different concentrations was included, in addition to the equilibrium data analysis. The results show that the pharmaceutical compounds (2.28–0.71 mmol g−1) have lower adsorption capacities in the activated carbon with the highest content of oxygenated groups (acids), while the activated carbons with amphoteric characteristics increase the capacities of adsorption (2.60–1.38 mmol g−1). This behavior may be associated with the increased affinity between the adsorbent and solvent due to the presence of polar groups, which was corroborated by the high immersion enthalpy value in water (ΔHimmH2O = −66.6 J g−1). The equilibrium data, adjusted to the Freundlich adsorption model, indicated that the heterogeneous adsorption processes involve immersion enthalpy values between −9.42 and −24.3 J g−1.
Milk Production and Reproductive Performance of Retained and Culled Cows in a Large Holstein Herd in Egypt

The study aimed to identify the culling reasons of Holstein cows raised in a large commercial herd in Egypt with emphasis on the performance of retained and culled cows. A total of 31534 complete lactation records for 10994 cows calved from 2008 to 2019 were used. The overall rate of culling per lactation was 61.1%. Involuntary culling represented 92% of all culling cases. The reasons for culling included mastitis and udder problems (24.2%), reproductive disorders (18.7%), metabolic and digestive disorders (13.6%), lameness (13%), endemic diseases (10.8%), low milk yield (8.1%), respiratory diseases (4.3%) and unknown causes (7.3%). Means of 305-day milk yield and daily milk yield were significantly lower in culled cows than the retained ones. On the other hand, no significant differences were observed between culled and retained cows for days open and the number of services/conception. The high involuntary culling rate of Holstein under the Egyptian conditions revealed that management practices regarding mastitis prevention and reproductive efficiency should be improved.
Impact of Nonuniform Ozone Anneal Treatment on the Resistance Levels in an IGZO-ReRAM Fabricated on ITO-Coated Glass Substrate

Eight-level/cell stable resistance switching (RS) was observed in an indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO)-resistive random (ReRAM) cell fabricated on ITO-coated glass substrate by providing nonuniform ozone (O3) anneal treatment to its sputtered IGZO films. From electrical measurements, it was observed that the time of O3 anneal significantly impacts the low field diffusion coefficient of O2−, which was reduced by more than 40 times when anneal time was increased from 10 to 30 min. Thus, by sequential stacking of nonuniform O3-annealed IGZO films, it was possible to create a diffusion-resistant medium to O2− which impacted the rate of current rise due to filamentary conduction. Furthermore, through experiments and numerical modeling, we determined vacancy distribution within the filament in a cell that received nonuniform anneal, which was later correlated with electrical conduction. The anneal scheme had been found feasible to realizing a greater number of non-identical stable resistance states up to a maximum eight-level/cell that were defined by a variable current compliance (CC)-based programming. Endurance and retention characteristics of the said resistance levels demonstrated adequate reproducibility and non-volatility.
Increasing Heart Rate Variability through Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Breathing: A 77-Day Pilot Study with Daily Ambulatory Assessment

The aim of this study was to examine whether it is possible to gradually increase heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy individuals (21 participants, M = 21.24 years, SD = 1.57, range 19 to 26) through regular exercises of average resonance frequency training (RFT; 6 breaths/min; 5 min each day) and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR; three times a week for 20 min). The effects were tested against an active control group using a linear mixed effect model with random slopes (day), random intercepts (participants) and an autoregressive error term. The special feature of this pilot study is that HRV was measured every day in an ambulatory assessment over 77 days, so that graduate long-term effects on HRV can be mapped. The results indicated that the PMR group significantly increased their HRV compared to the active control group. However, no effect was observed for the RFT group. Possible explanations for these results and important recommendations for subsequent studies are provided.
PENGARUH TOTAL ASSETS TURNOVER, WORKING CAPITAL TURNOVER, DEBT RATIO TERHADAP RETURN ON INVESTMENT (ROI) PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR SEKTOR FOOD AND BEVERAGES YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2016-2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara parsial dan simultan total assets turnover, working capital turnover, dan debt ratio terhadap return on investment pada perusahaan manufaktur sektor food and beverages yang terdaftar di BEI. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan data sekunder berupa data dari laporan keuangan pada tahun 2017-2019 dengan populasi di perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling yang berjumlah 8 perusahaan food and beverages. Data diolah menggunakan Program SPSS 25 dengan alat uji asumsi klasik, regresi linier berganda, koefisien determinasi (R²), uji T dan Uji F.Hasil pengujian menunjukkan total assets turnover dan debt ratio tidak berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap return on investment sedangkan working capital turnover secara parsial berpengaruh pada perusahaan manufaktur sektor food and beverages yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2017-2019. Total assets turnover, working capital turnover, dan debt ratio berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap return on investment pada perusahaan manufaktur sektor food and beverages periode 2017-2019.
Stars in subtropical Japan: a new gregarious Meteorus species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae) constructs enigmatic star-shaped pendulous communal cocoons

A new gregarious braconid parasitoid wasp of Euphorinae, Meteorus stellatus Fujie, Shimizu & Maeto sp. nov., is described from the Ryukyu Islands in Japan, based on an integrative taxonomic framework. The phylogenetic position of the new species within the Meteorini was analyzed based on DNA fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) and the nuclear 28S rDNA genes. The new species was recovered as a member of the versicolor complex of the versicolor + rubens subclade within the pulchricornis clade. The new species is a gregarious parasitoid of two Macroglossum species (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) and constructs single or several unique star-shaped cocoon masses separately suspended by very long threads. The evolution of gregariousness and spherical cocoon masses is discussed.
Emergent phases of ecological diversity and dynamics mapped in microcosms

Natural ecological communities display striking features, such as high biodiversity and a wide range of dynamics, that have been difficult to explain in a unified framework. Using experimental bacterial microcosms, we perform the first direct test of recent complex systems theory predicting that simple aggregate parameters dictate emergent behaviors of the community. As either the number of species or the strength of species interactions is increased, we show that microbial ecosystems transition between distinct qualitative dynamical phases in the predicted order, from a stable equilibrium where all species coexist, to partial coexistence, to emergence of persistent fluctuations in species abundance. Under the same conditions, high biodiversity and fluctuations allow and require each other. Our results demonstrate predictable emergent diversity and dynamics in ecological communities. One-Sentence Summary A phase diagram of ecological dynamics and diversity as a function of coarse-grained features of species interaction network.
Single-molecule imaging suggests compact and spliceosome dependent organization of long introns

Intron removal from pre-mRNAs is a critical step in the processing of RNA polymerase II transcripts, required to create translation competent mRNAs. In humans, introns account for large portions of the pre-mRNA, with intronic sequences representing about 95% of most pre-mRNA. Intron length varies considerably; introns can be as short as a few to hundreds of thousands of nucleotides in length. How nascent long intronic RNA is organized during transcription to facilitate the communication between 5’ and 3’ splice-sites required for spliceosome assembly however is still poorly understood. Here, we use single-molecule fluorescent RNA in situ hybridization (smFISH) to investigate the spatial organization of co- and post-transcriptional long introns in cells. Using two long introns within the POLA1 pre-mRNA as a model, we show that introns are packaged into compact assemblies, and when fully transcribed, are organized in a looped conformation with their ends in proximity. This organization is observed for nascent and nucleoplasmic pre-mRNAs and requires spliceosome assembly, as disruption of U2 snRNP binding results in introns with separated 5’ and 3’ ends. Moreover, interrogating the spatial organization of partially transcribed co-transcriptional POLA1 intron 35 indicates that the 5’ splice site is maintained proximal to the 3’ splice site during transcription, supporting a model that 5’ splice site tethering to the elongating polymerase might contribute to spliceosome assembly at long introns. Together, our study reveals details of intron and pre-mRNA organization in cells and provides a tool to investigate mechanisms of splicing for long introns.
Planar cutoff probe for measuring the electron density of low-pressure plasmas

The cutoff probe (CP) is a precise diagnostic technique that measures electron density using two cylindrical probe tips and holders inserted in a low-pressure plasma. However, a recent study has reported that the insertion of the probe tips and holders can perturb the plasma condition and act as a source of error in the measurement of electron density. This study proposes a planar cutoff probe (PCP), which does not have invasive probe tips and holders, to minimize the plasma perturbation during plasma measurement. We embed the PCP on the existing substrate chuck of the plasma chamber instead of inserting an additional probe holder into the chamber. The adjusted conditions for the radii of the probe’s antennas and the gap distance between the two probe antennas are obtained via an electromagnetic simulation. The comparative experiment results show that the inferred electron densities of the optimized PCP are in good agreement with those of the previous CP and within reasonable discrepancies stemming from the differences in measurement positions. We believe that the PCP, which can be embedded in the inner surface of the chamber and measure the electron density during the plasma (wafer) process, would be an alternative technical tool to realize advanced process control of plasma based on non-invasive diagnostic methods.
Combined Effect of High-Pressure Processing with Spice Extracts on Quality of Low-Salt Sausage during Refrigerated Storage

The study evaluated the combined effect of high-pressure processing (HPP) and spice extracts on low-salt sausages during refrigerated storage. Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the sausages were determined. HPP treatment increased the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value and the carbonyl content of the samples (p < 0.05), which meant lipid and protein oxidation was accelerated. Adding clove and cinnamon extracts can retard the oxidation caused by HPP (p < 0.05). The pH of the sausages treated with both the spice extracts and HPP maintained a higher pH value during the storage (p > 0.05). Compared with the samples treated with HPP or with the spice extracts alone, the combined treatment observably inhibited the growth of spoilage bacteria (p < 0.05) and improved the microbial community. The results demonstrated that the use of clove and cinnamon extracts in conjunction with HPP improved the storage quality and prolonged the shelf-life of the low-salt sausages. Thus, the combined use of spice extracts and HPP can be developed as a promising way to preserve low-salt meat products.
Macular Structure–Function Relationships of All Retinal Layers in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Assessed by Microperimetry and 8 × 8 Posterior Pole Analysis of OCT

Purpose: The aim of this study is too correlate the sensitivity and thickness values of intraretinal layers at macula in healthy eyes and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes. Methods: The thickness of different intraretinal segmentations was estimated by means of optical coherence tomography (OCT) Spectralis (Heidelberg, Engineering, Inc., Heidelberg, Germany) with the posterior pole analysis program 8 × 8 in 91 eyes from 91 patients (60 with glaucoma and 31 healthy patients). Macular sensitivity was also measured with an MP-1 microperimeter (Nidek Instruments, Inc Padova, Italy) with a customized, 36-stimulus pattern adjusted to an anatomical correspondence with the OCT grid. Correlations were calculated by using Spearman’s rho and the results were represented in color maps. Results: Significant structure–function correlations were much more frequent in the glaucoma group than in control group. In general terms, associations were positive for inner retinal layers but negative correlations were also found for the inner nuclear layer and outer retinal layer in glaucoma. Conclusions: In general terms, significant structure–function correlations for different intraretinal layers are higher and wider in POAG eyes than in healthy eyes. Inner and outer retinal layers behave differently in terms of the structure–function relationship in POAG as assessed by microperimetry and OCT.