Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Impact Study of Five Remotely Sensed and Five In Situ Data Types in the Eta Data Assimilation System

Abstract The impact of 10 data types used in the Eta Data Assimilation/Forecast System (EDAS) is studied for extended-length time periods during three seasons. Five of the data types are remotely sensed satellite data, and the other five are in situ. The satellite data types include three-layer and vertically integrated precipitable water, temperature data down to cloud top, infrared cloud-drift winds, and water vapor cloud-top winds. The five in situ data types consist of two rawinsonde and two aircraft observation types along with surface land observations. The work described in this paper is relevant for Eta Model users trying to identify the impact of remotely sensed, largely maritime data types and in situ, largely land-based data types. The case studies chosen consist of 11-day periods during December 1998, April 1999, and July 1999. During these periods, 11 EDAS runs were executed twice daily. The 11 runs include a control run, which utilizes all data types used in the EDAS, and 10 experimental run.
Theory of nonlinear loop mirrors with twisted low-birefringence fiber

We analyze propagation in a nonlinear, birefringent optical fiber with twist. The results show that the polarization evolution is periodic, and they are applied to the analysis of a Sagnac interferometer. The period is calculated by using perturbation theory, and we find a condition for it to be independent of the initial polarization state. We derive a simplified set of equations to describe the nonlinear evolution of the phase. We give a useful way to visualize the behavior of the nonlinear optical loop mirror (as a function of birefringence, twist, length, and input polarization) in terms of the Poincare sphere.
Morphologically intelligent dielectric elastomer sensors based on micro-structured electrodes as resistive strain elements

Dielectric elastomer sensors (DES) are compliant systems that, allow the detection of geometric changes caused by external forces. However, a simple DES provides only the amplitude of a deformation. In order to fully describe a tensile force vector, it is necessary to characterize it by its length, direction, and origin. Therefore, there are many approaches to improve the information that can be obtained from the sensor, such as arranging DES patterns or modifying the impact of the applied mechanical force by using external components. To improve and parallelize the information provided by the mechanical deformation of the system, we aim to combine the operation principle of structured resistive strain sensors with the capacitive properties of DES. By structuring the electrodes with different patterns and combining two dissimilar electrodes in one setup, it is possible to detect the length and direction of a force vector with one sensing element. To study the patterning and its effect on resistive and capacitive signals, we use an aerosol jet printing technique that allows selective deposition of a conductive ink. The printed lines show a higher resistance increase when forced perpendicular to the pattern and vice versa, which allows to distinguish the direction and the type of applied force. In this study, the influence of printing parameters and signal interpretation for different forces are investigated. The results show that the combination of resistive and capacitive signals allows discrimination between different motions.
A CATALOG OF MORPHOLOGICALLY IDENTIFIED MERGING GALAXIES

We present a new catalog and images of interacting and merging galaxies obtained with morphological identification from Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope observations. We first used a morphological pattern recognition searching routine to select possible candidates, and then visually inspected the images of these candidates to identify true merging/interacting sources. We discover 15,147 new pairs of merging galaxies within 422 deg2 of Red Sequence Cluster Survey 2. Furthermore, we also find nine new candidates of galaxy clusters by searching for regions with significant density enhancements of merging galaxies. This catalog has the largest number of morphologically identified interacting and merging galaxies based on consistent searching criteria. These sources provide a uniform sample of merging galaxies for further photometric and spectroscopic studies of galaxy evolution.
Molecular Heterogeneity of Pediatric AML with Atypical Promyelocytes Accumulation in Children—A Single Center Experience

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) pathogenesis is based on RARA gene translocations, which are of high importance in the diagnosis of and proper therapy selection for APL. However, in some cases acute myeloid leukemia (AML) demonstrates APL-like morphological features such as atypical promyelocytes accumulation. This type of AML is characterized by the involvement of other RAR family members or completely different genes. In the present study, we used conventional karyotyping, FISH and high-throughput sequencing in a group of 271 de novo AML with atypical promyelocytes accumulation. Of those, 255 cases were shown to carry a typical chromosomal translocation t(15;17)(q24;q21) with PML::RARA chimeric gene formation (94.1%). Other RARA-positive cases exhibited cryptic PML::RARA fusion without t(15;17)(q24;q21) (1.8%, n = 5) and variant t(5;17)(q35;q21) translocation with NPM1::RARA chimeric gene formation (1.5%, n = 4). However, 7 RARA-negative AMLs with atypical promyelocytes accumulation were also discovered. These cases exhibited TBL1XR1::RARB and KMT2A::SEPT6 fusions as well as mutations, e.g., NPM1 insertion and non-recurrent chromosomal aberrations. Our findings demonstrate the genetic diversity of AML with APL-like morphological features, which is of high importance for successful therapy implementation.
Enhancement of K-shell spectroscopy for temperature measuring of isochorically heated matter in the sub-keV range

Both K-shell x-ray emission spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy are well-accepted diagnostics for experimental studies of warm dense matter and hot dense matter (HDM). Until now, however, this diagnosis has been used for the study of dense matter with temperatures lower than 100 eV or with temperatures above 1 keV. In this work, we have demonstrated the possibility of using K-shell emission spectroscopy for an intermediate temperature range of 100s eV to study dense plasma. Here, we discuss an analysis of the HDM emission spectra of a solid-state copper with temperatures up to a few hundreds of electronvolts heated by laser-accelerated charged particles.
SU‐GG‐I‐103: Comparison of Model‐Based Segmentation Systems for Contouring of Male Pelvic Structures

Purpose: Manual delineation of structures for radiation therapytreatment planning often is a laborious and time consuming process, particularly with IMRT, adaptive planning, and 4D CT data sets. In this study, two model‐based segmentation (MBS) systems are compared and evaluated for contouring of structures in the male pelvis. Method and Materials: Two commercially available MBS systems, Oncentra (Nucletron, Veenendaal NL) and Pinnacle (Philips Medical Systems, Madison WI) are used to delineate structures of the male pelvis for radiation therapytreatment planning. Five patients undergoing prostate IMRTtreatment were randomly selected and contoured in Pinnacle using non‐MBS tools; this is considered the benchmark. Contours were also generated using both MBS systems and subsequently corrected using manual non‐MBS tools that are similar to both Oncentra and Pinnacle. Contouring times and volumes for both MBS systems were compared and evaluated against the benchmark non‐MBS contours. Results: The average time to contour male pelvic structures with non‐MBS tools was 14.93 minutes. Using MBS, this was improved by 25.0% in Oncentra and 30.1% in Pinnacle. The mean reduction in time contouring using MBS with Oncentra and Pinnacle, respectively, was 2.8%±24.0 and 10.5%±15.5 for the prostate, 18.5%±24.0 and 25.5%±17.1 for the bladder, 2.6%±12.2 and 7.2% ±8.6 for the rectum, and 42.1%±15.1 and 45.4%±13.4 for both femurs. Using the MBS technique in Oncentra and Pinnacle, 28.9% ±8.0 and 31.6%±5.5 of the respective total contouring time was spent generating the MBS contours and the remainder of editing with non‐MBS tools. Contour volumes were similar for the benchmark and the MBS systems. Conclusion: Both MBS systems require manual editing of auto generated contours to better match the benchmarks. Nevertheless, the MBS systems resulted in similar time savings over utilizing only non‐MBS tools when delineating structures of the male pelvis for radiation therapytreatment planning.
Automated Synthesis of [18F]Flumazenil Application in GABAA Receptor Neuroimaging Availability for Rat Model of Anxiety

Clinical studies have demonstrated that the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor complex plays a central role in the modulation of anxiety. Conditioned fear and anxiety-like behaviors have many similarities at the neuroanatomical and pharmacological levels. The radioactive GABA/BZR receptor antagonist, fluorine-18-labeled flumazenil, [18F]flumazenil, behaves as a potential PET imaging agent for the evaluation of cortical damage of the brain in stroke, alcoholism, and for Alzheimer disease investigation. The main goal of our study was to investigate a fully automated nucleophilic fluorination system, with solid extraction purification, developed to replace traditional preparation methods, and to detect underlying expressions of contextual fear and characterize the distribution of GABAA receptors in fear-conditioned rats by [18F]flumazenil. A carrier-free nucleophilic fluorination method using an automatic synthesizer with direct labeling of a nitro-flumazenil precursor was implemented. The semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification method (RCY = 15–20%) was applied to obtain high purity [18F]flumazenil. Nano-positron emission tomography (NanoPET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging and ex vivo autoradiography were used to analyze the fear conditioning of rats trained with 1–10 tone-foot-shock pairings. The anxiety rats had a significantly lower cerebral accumulation (in the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, cortex, and hippocampus) of fear conditioning. Our rat autoradiography results also supported the findings of PET imaging. Key findings were obtained by developing straightforward labeling and purification procedures that can be easily adapted to commercially available modules for the high radiochemical purity of [18F]flumazenil. The use of an automatic synthesizer with semi-preparative HPLC purification would be a suitable reference method for new drug studies of GABAA/BZR receptors in the future.
Performance of long-wave infrared InAs/GaSb strained layer superlattice detectors for the space applications

We present our efforts on development of high performance low noise, long-wave infrared (LWIR) and multicolor detectors based on the InAs/GaSb strained layer material (SLS) material system. The LWIR SLS detector with PbIbN architecture showed improved performance over the conventional PIN design due to unipolar current blocking layers. At 77K and Vb=-0.25V, a responsivity of 1.8 A/W, dark current density of 1.2 mA/cm2, quantum efficiency of 23% and shot noise limited detectivity (D*) of 8.7×1010 Jones (λc = 10.8 μm) has been observed. Dual band response was registered with 50% cut-off wavelengths of 5μm and 10μm from an SLS detector with the pBp design. The responsivity equal to 1.6 A/W (at λ = 5 μm and Vb = +0.4 V) and 1.8 A/W (at λ = 9 μm and Vb = -0.7 V) for MWIR and LWIR absorbers was achieved with corresponding values of specific detectivity 5 x 1011 Jones and 2.6 x 1010 Jones, respectively. The maximum values of quantum efficiency were estimated to 41% (MWIR) and 25% (LWIR) at Vb = +0.4V and Vb = -0.7V. Moreover, the diffusion-limited behavior of dark current at higher temperatures was observed for the MWIR absorber for pBp detector. Finally, three-color response was registered from three contact device with nBn architecture for SWIR and MWIR and heterojunction PIbN architecture for LWIR detection (NbNbiP). At 77K, the cut-off wavelength for SWIR, MWIR and LWIR regions have been observed as 3.0 μm, 4.7 μm, and 10.1 μm respectively. At the same temperature, D* of 1.4 × 1010 Jones, 1.8 × 1010 Jones and 1.5 × 109 Jones for SWIR, MWIR and LWIR signals has been observed.
Image segmentation combining region growing and edge detection

In this paper a new image segmentation technique is presented combining region growing, edge detection, and a new edge preserving smoothing algorithm. The combined method helps to avoid characteristic segmentation errors which occur when using region growing or edge detection separately. Boundary smoothing is also introduced to ensure more realistic region boundaries. The algorithm can directly be extended for 3-dimensional data. Experimental results are shown to demonstrate the validity of the algorithm. <<ETX>>
Achieving Decentralized and Dynamic SSO-Identity Access Management System for Multi-Application Outsourced in Cloud

Existing Single Sign-On (SSO) access control systems typically rely on the traditional protocols requiring additional authentication mechanism and/or identity providers. As the growing demand in outsourcing system resources such as data and applications to the cloud platform, implementing traditional SSO models to support efficient and fine-grained access control for multi-user and multi-application environment is not practical. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based identification and access management (IAM) scheme called <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{D}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-IAM to provide strong security measures for controlling SSO access to resources in the cloud. At a core of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{D}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-IAM, core access control processes are done by the smart contracts and blockchain where the access transactions are well retained for the accountability. In our system, the SSO authentication is based on the highest authentication level and the hashed-based token management. Owing to the autonomous authentication management, the communication overhead regarding the interaction with identity providers and third-party verification mechanism for multi-system authentication is minimized. For the authorization system, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{D}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-IAM enables fine-grained access through the access policy modeled in the document database written and enforced to each customer. Finally, we conducted the experiments on Google cloud to show that our <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{D}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-IAM system is efficient for the implementation. The performance test showed that our proposed system was approximately 4 times efficient than the average processing time of three existing works.
Introduction to the special section on Biology of Termites

As descendants of social cockroaches, termites have an intriguing biology that makes them highly suitable study subjects in a wide variety of fields, such as eusocial evolution, ageing mechanisms, wood decomposition, ecosystem engineering, and pest management. This special section presents four studies ranging from the role of chemical compounds in foraging behaviour and food digestion to genetics and physiology of reproduction. Taken together, these studies offer new insights and ample suggestions for future work on these fascinating insects.
Segmentation and Filtering into Neighborhoods as Processes of Percolation and Diffusion: Stochastic Processes (Randomness) as the Null Hypothesis

A set of models is reviewed in which orderly urban phenomena are accounted for in terms of noise (randomness, stochastic processes): segmentation as a process of runs in random processes (percolation); filtering as a process of random walk and so diffusion, and as a Markov process. In particular, ‘continuity’ of the spatial price envelope, a truism of real estate, leads to the diffusion equation. No foreordained centers, boundaries, or gravity (or entropy) is needed to obtain clustering in these models. The models are combined in a simulation, implemented in a Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet, as well as in a partial differential equation driven by a stochastic source term.
Editorial: Methods in Pediatric Critical Care 2022

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Online submillimeter three dimensional imaging of magnetic and paramagnetic contaminants flow rate in multiphase flow pipelines using magnetic particle imaging technique

In this paper, submillimeter three dimensional tomography imaging of paramagnetic contaminants flow rate in multiphase flow pipelines is presented. The device, which is based on Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI), consists of an array of twelve coils and a pair of permanent magnets and is not influenced with the other phases that constitute the crude oil (e.g. oil, water, sand, and gas) and which are mainly diamagnetic materials. The concentration of the paramagnetic particles can be measured in a three dimensional volumetric space with high spatial and temporal sensitivities which are proportional to the strength of the applied magnetic field. This is also influenced by the size and distribution of the particles and the anisotropy of the permanent magnet. To increase the sensitivity and improve the spatioencoding field, a two dimensional Linear Field Scanning (LFS) technique coupled with a two dimensional excitation field is proposed. The results demonstrate that the technique would constitute a breakthrough in the area of solid flow measurements and imaging.
NOTCH Signaling in Osteosarcoma

The combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery has been promoted for the treatment of osteosarcoma; however, the local recurrence and lung metastasis rates remain high. Therefore, it is crucial to explore new therapeutic targets and strategies that are more effective. The NOTCH pathway is not only involved in normal embryonic development but also plays an important role in the development of cancers. The expression level and signaling functional status of the NOTCH pathway vary in different histological types of cancer as well as in the same type of cancer from different patients, reflecting the distinct roles of the Notch pathway in tumorigenesis. Studies have reported abnormal activation of the NOTCH signaling pathway in most clinical specimens of osteosarcoma, which is closely related to a poor prognosis. Similarly, studies have reported that NOTCH signaling affected the biological behavior of osteosarcoma through various molecular mechanisms. NOTCH-targeted therapy has shown potential for the treatment of osteosarcoma in clinical research. After the introduction of the composition and biological functions of the NOTCH signaling pathway, the review paper discussed the clinical significance of dysfunction in osteosarcoma. Then the paper reviewed the recent relevant research progress made both in the cell lines and in the animal models of osteosarcoma. Finally, the paper explored the potential of the clinical application of NOTCH-targeted therapy for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
VORTEX SHEDDING FROM OSCILLATING BLUFF BODIES

When placed ih a fluid stream, some bodies generate separated flow over a substantial proportion of their surface and hence can be classified as bluff. On sharp-edged bluff bodies, separation is fixed at the salient edges, whereas on bluff bodies with continuous surface curvature the location of separation depends both on the shape of the body and the state of the boundary layer. At low Reynolds numbers, when separation first occurs, the flow around a bluff body remains stable, but as the Reynolds number is increased a critical value is reached beyond which instabilities develop. These instabilities can lead to organized unsteady wake motion, dis­ organized motion, or a combination of both. Regular vortex shedding, the subject of this article, is a dominant feature of two-dimensional bluff-body wakes and is present irrespective of whether the separating boundary layers are laminar or turbulent. It has been the subject of research for more than a century, and many hundreds of papers have been written. In recent years vortex shedding has been the topic of Euromech meetings reported on by Mair & Maull (1971) and Bearman & Graham (1980), and a comprehensive review has been undertaken by Berger & Wille (1972). Vortex shedding and general wake turbulence induce fluctuating pres­ sures on the surface of the generating bluff body, and if the body is flexible this can cause oscillations. Oscillations excited by vortex shedding are usually in a direction normal to that of the free stream, and amplitudes as large as 1.5 to 2 body diameters may be recorded. In addition to the generating body, any other bodies in its wake may be forced into oscillation. Broad-band force fluctuations, induced by turbulence produced in the flow around a bluff body, rarely lead to oscillations as severe as those caused by vortex shedding. Some form of aerodynamic instability, such that move-
Survival Benefit of Experience of Liver Resection for Advanced Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Sorafenib: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

Several studies have shown that liver resection (LR) confers better survival outcomes in intermediate- and advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, the postoperative recurrence rate is high, and little is known about the survival benefits of LR for recurrent HCC patients who have already received systemic treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of LR on recurrent advanced-stage HCC patients who received sorafenib as a systemic treatment. In this study, 147 advanced HCC patients were enrolled between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2019. Two study groups were classified, based on whether they underwent LR or not. To reduce the possible selection bias, a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed. The primary study endpoint was set as overall survival (OS), and the secondary endpoint was set as progression-free survival (PFS). Our study results revealed that advanced HCC patients who received sorafenib with LR had a longer OS than did those without LR, whether before or after PSM (15.0 months vs. 6.0 months, HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.31–0.67, p < 0.001; 15.0 months vs. 5.0 months, HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.28–0.76, p = 0.001). Similar results were obtained in PFS, before or after PSM (4.14 months vs. 2.60 months, HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.40–0.89, p = 0.01; 4.57 months vs. 2.63 months, HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.34–0.97, p = 0.037). Multivariate analysis showed that the experience of LR was independent of other factors associated with better OS and PFS, whether before or after PSM (p < 0.05). Therefore, advanced HCC patients who have undergone liver resection should be encouraged to continue sorafenib treatment to improve prognosis.