Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generalized first-order spectra, and polynomial. time recognizable sets

: The spectrum of a ﬁrst-order sentence σ is the set of cardi-nalities of its ﬁnite models. Jones and Selman showed that a set C of numbers (written in binary) is a spectrum if and only if C is in the complexity class NEXP (nondeterministic exponential time). An alternative viewpoint of a spectrum is to consider the spectrum of σ to be the class of ﬁnite models of the existential second-order sentence ∃ Q σ ( Q ), where Q is the similarity type (set of relational symbols) of σ . A generalized spectrum is the class of ﬁnite models of an existential second-order sentence ∃ Q σ ( P , Q ), where σ is ﬁrst-order with similarity type P ∪ Q , with P and Q disjoint. Let C be a class of ﬁnite structures with similarity type P , where C is closed under isomorphism. If P is nonempty, we show that C is a generalized spectrum if and only if the set of encodings of members of C is in NP. We unify this result with that of Jones and Selman by encoding numbers in unary rather than binary, so that C is a spectrum if and only if C is in NP. We then have that C is a generalized spectrum if and only if the set of encodings of members of C is in NP, whether or not P is empty. Using this connection between logic and complexity, we take results from complexity theory and convert them into results in logic. We now mention some of our other results. We show that P = NP if and only if the following apparently much stronger condition holds: there is a constant k such that if T is a “countable” function (a standard notion in automata
Literature Review challenges for emerging technologies

The path to academia begins with a Ph.D. A student must then navigate the publish or perish path to prove worthy of a highly prized tenured position. In seeking to balance research in fast-paced (even hyped) areas against the tension to mature our discipline, one might feel overwhelmed and struggle with acceptance to IS academic circles. This paper presents three challenges faced in the early stages of a personal Ph.D. journey. In particular, when studying rapidly evolving technologies such as blockchain, and how some of these challenges may even be overcome with a viable blockchain solution.
Challenges and opportunities for Blockchain Technology adoption: A systematic review

Blockchain technology promises to significantly impact current business processes in industries from various sectors and reduce transactional cost. Firms, suppliers, government, financial institutions etc. are anticipating a business model transformation through blockchain by accomplishing a decentralized architecture of interorganizational dealings without intermediaries. In spite of its immense potential, however, there are key challenges of blockchain implementation which need to be studied for identifying the opportunities arising and for its successful implementations in future. In this paper, we aim to identify these challenges for blockchain adoption and classify them for clearer understanding. To pursue this effectively, this paper follows a hybrid model of systematic literature review. This paper also explicitly enumerates future research opportunities to lead industry and researchers in correct directions.
Does Functional Programming Improve Software Quality? An Empirical Analysis of Open Source Projects on GitHub

Nowadays, there are not many studies that have empirically analyzed the e ect of functional programming on software quality. Through the era of microservices and cloud-based systems, functional programming is experiencing a growing usage. This is due to the features that this paradigm o ers and the benefits that follow. With this study we want to find out if there is a correlation between functional programming language and software quality. To determine the impact of functional programming on software quality, we conducted an empirical study. This study was inspired by the lack of empirical evidence of this impact. To address this lack, we have collected a large dataset from GitHub (eight programming languages, four functional and four imperative, 400 projects, 200 using a functional languages and 200 using an imperative one) that we will analyze to gather information on various aspects of software quality such as maintainability, reliability and further to test our hypotheses. Several tools and techniques were used for the analysis. For maintainability, we used a static analysis tool, SonarQube. For reliability, we analyzed the commit history of each project looking for bugs and categorized them. To determine the domains of each project, we implemented a classification algorithm in Python. As input for this algorithm, we used the information in each project’s “README.md” to obtain a list of possible topics. With this list we were able to classify each project to its domain performing a manual classification. We also categorize bugs from the commit history into eight categories. Above all, it seems that functional programming languages provide good reliability compared to imperative languages. In general, it cannot be said that functional languages have a positive influence on software quality, since for maintainability there is not enough evidence to show that functional programming languages have less code smells that imperative programming languages. The results also indicate that for domains such as applications, databases, and libraries, the use of a functional language could decrease the frequency of programming bugs.
Content-Based Image Retrieval from Weakly-Supervised Disentangled Representations

In content-based image retrieval (CBIR), a database of images is ordered based on the similarity to a query image. Similarity criterion is usually determined with respect to a shared category e.g. whether the database images contain an object of the same type as depicted in the query. Depending on the situation, multiple similarity criteria can be relevant such as the type of object, its color, or the depicted background. Ideally, a dataset labeled with all possible criteria information is available for training a model for computing the similarity. Typically, this is not the case. In this paper, we explore the use of disentangled representations for CBIR with respect to multiple criteria. To alleviate the need for labels, the models used to create the representations are learned via weak supervision by using data organized into groups with shared information. We show that such models can attain better retrieval performances compared to unsupervised baselines.
A Preliminary Study on the Assignment of GitHub Issues to Issue Commenters and the Relationship with Social Smells

Background: GitHub is the world's largest software hosting platform. Its features affect millions of developers. Investigating the impact of GitHub features on software teams is essential to gain insights into features' usefulness. Objective: As a preliminary step in this direction, this paper explores the relationship between the use of one GitHub feature and the social structure of the projects that adopt the feature. We explore whether the feature is used and whether the feature is associated with positive or negative changes in the team's social structure. Method: In this paper, we report on a preliminary study of 13 projects that used the GitHub “assign issues to issue commenters” feature. We examine the social smells in the software teams before and after the introduction of this new feature using statistical and temporal analysis. Results: Our results indicate that the usage of this feature varied across the analyzed projects. We also find that social smells that reflect low or missing communications (Organizational Silo and Missing Links) decrease in most of the projects that used the feature consistently. Conclusion: The results suggest that the social structure of the teams has a positive relationship with the feature adoption. Still, future research should study the feature's impact (and its use cases) on other aspects and over longer time periods to learn its diverse and long-term benefits on the social structure of software projects.
OVO acceptability and its innovative characteristics

OVO is a financial application that was launched widely in September 2017. Since its launch, OVO has successfully received ten million users in July 2018. This study aims to investigate innovative characteristics that determine its rapid acceptability. Roger's (1983) diffusion of innovation theory underlines the study. The data were collected from 150 respondents who have used the OVO application at least once in the last six months, chosen judgmentally. This study found that OVO acceptability is determined by relative advantage and observability. Compatibility does not affect OVO acceptance. In addition, complexity influences OVO acceptability negatively. The four determinants can explain 72% of OVO acceptability. The researcher recommends that companies conduct counseling, seminars, and even workshops on OVO applications so that more people can better know OVO. This research still focuses on people below 31 years old. Further research can focus on older people.
STABILITY OF NONLINEAR HAWKES PROCESSES By Pierre Brémaud and Laurent Massoulié CNRS and CNET

We address the problem of the convergence to equilibrium of a general class of point processes, containing, in particular, the nonlinear mutually exciting point processes, an extension of the linear Hawkes processes, and give general conditions guaranteeing the existence of a stationary version and the convergence to equilibrium of a nonstationary version, both in distribution and in variation. We also give a new proof of a result of Kerstan concerning point processes with bounded intensity and general nonlinear dynamics satisfying a Lipschitz condition.
Optimization of network delays through implementation of EIGRP routing protocol

— Many applications that today operate within the network are enough sensitive in relation to network caused delays, including the end-to-end delays. Among the applications that are critical a lot regarding delays within the network are the Video and VoIP applications. This paper will deal precisely with analysing and providing a solution in relation to optimizing these delays that occur along the network. This paper will analyse network delays concerning three routing protocols, respectively for RIP, OSPF, EIGRP protocols. For analysis purposes we have used Video, VoIP, FTP, HTTP and e-mail applications. Results are obtained using OPNET software and will be graphically presented for the three routing protocols. Finally, based on the results obtained we will present concrete proposals regarding the optimization of network delays.
Divergent properties and phylogeny of cyanobacterial 5â•’<i>enol</i>â•’pyruvylâ•’shikimateâ•’3â•’phosphate synthases: evidence for horizontal gene transfer in the <i>Nostocales</i>

As it represents the target of the successful herbicide glyphosate, great attention has been paid to the shikimate pathway enzyme 5-enol-pyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase. However, inconsistent results have been reported concerning the sensitivity of the enzyme from cyanobacteria, and consequent inhibitory effects on cyanobacterial growth. The properties of EPSP synthase were investigated in a set of 42 strains representative of the large morphological diversity of these prokaryotes. Publicly available protein sequences were analyzed, and related to enzymatic features. In most cases, the native protein showed an unusual homodimeric composition and a general sensitivity to micromolar doses of glyphosate. By contrast, eight out of 15 Nostocales strains were found to possess a monomeric EPSP synthase, whose activity was inhibited only at concentrations exceeding 1mM. Sequence analysis showed that these two forms are only distantly related, the latter clustering separately in a clade composed of diverse bacterial phyla. The results are consistent with the occurrence of a horizontal gene transfer event involving an evolutionarily distant organism.Moreover, data suggest that the existence of class I (glyphosate-sensitive) and class II (glyphosate-tolerant) EPSP synthases representing two distinct phylogenetic clades is an oversimplification because of the limited number of analyzed samples.
ISUF 2020: CITIES IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY URBAN SPRAWL AND CLIMATE CHANGE: REFRAMING THE URBAN SPRAWL DEBATE FROM A MORPHOLOGIST’S PERSPECTIVE

Demonstrations abound about the links between urban sprawl (US) and climate change (CC). Though US in itself has been extensively researched, there subsist ample ambiguities, controversies, and debates around its definitions, characterizations, measurements, causes, and consequences. This paper posits that such lack of clarity is impeding our ability to understand more fully the articulations between US and CC, and to address the associated perils more effectively. It contends that an approach anchored in urban morphology is helpful: 1. to reconceptualize US, and; 2. to bring conceptual clarity on the articulations between the urban physical and spatial system and CC. As part of a broader review of the research on US and CC, a two-pronged literature review has been conducted: dedicated first, to surveying definitions and characterizations of US, and then, to surveying research probing the links between different facets of US and CC. The analysis of this material triggered a reconceptualization of US. A new definition synthesizes previous definitions while addressing some of their shortcomings. A conceptual diagram informed by key tenets of urban morphology is also proposed to bring conceptual clarity for the interpretation of the multifaceted research effort investigating direct and indirect links between urban form and CC.
IgG receptor FcγRIIB

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex autoimmune disease with a poorly understood pathogenesis. The disease is associated with polyclonal B cell activation and the production of autoantibodies (autoAbs), but there is a longstanding controversy as to whether such Abs contribute to, or are secondary to, the pathogenesis of RA. To address the potential pathogenicity of human RA–associated Abs, we developed a passive transfer model involving mice defi cient in the low-affi nity inhibitory Fc receptor, FcγRIIB. We report that plasma or serum from patients with active RA can induce infl ammation and histological lesions in FcγRIIB−/− mice consistent with arthritis, and that this pathogenic activity is caused by the immunoglobulin G–rich fraction. Our results suggest that humoral autoimmunity can contribute directly to autoimmune arthritis, and that FcγRIIB−/− mice are a promising model to evaluate the arthritogenic potential of human autoAbs.
CNN based Traffic Sign Detection and Recognition on Real Time Video

- A road sign detection and recognition system is providing a comprehensive assistance to the driver to follow the traffic signs by developing a system that will automatically detect and recognize traffic sign, thus providing accurate information to the driving system. This system comprises of capturing signboards using camera installed in the vehicle. This captured image will undergo for analysis, processing and identifying the signboard. The detected sign board will be notified to the user by sending a notification. This paper proposes a system which will classifies different types of traffic signs in real time video.
A Systematic Literature Review : Information Technology Capital A Systematic Literature Review : Information Technology Capital and Performance and Performance

This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review of research in the field of Information Technology Capital and Performance with data from all international research publications. The data obtained in this study amounted to 113 academic documents published from 1994 to 2020 globally. Research has discussed a lot about the causal relationship between information technology capital and company performance, the results of empirical studies vary to some extent with the exception of Information Technology business partnerships which are referred to as Information Technology business and strategic alignment. To that end, strategic alignment has emerged as one of the most important concerns facing business executives and information technology worldwide (Raymond and Croteau, 2009, Johnson and Lederer, 2010). Therefore, the aim of this article is to provide a detailed literature review that both academics and practitioners can use to understand the resources needed to realize the potential values of Information Technology Investments. This is achieved by providing a review of the Information Technology and Information Technology business literature on the performance of business firms. It is hoped that this article will spark a fruitful discussion on the sustainable benefits of Information Technology capital.
A NASA high-latitude salinity campaign

Kyla Drushka​, Peter Gaube​, Tom Armitage​, Ivana Cerovecki​, Ian Fenty​, Severine Fournier​, Chelle Gentemann​, James Girton​, Alexander Haumann​, Tony Lee​, Matt Mazloff​, Laurie Padman​, Luc Rainville​, Julian Schanze​, Scott Springer​, Michael Steele​, Jim Thomson​, Earle Wilson​ 1. Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington 2. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory 3. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego 4. Earth and Space Research 5. Princeton University & British Antarctic Survey 6. Environmental Science and Engineering, Caltech
M ay 2 01 1 AN ADIC DYNAMICAL SYSTEM RELATED TO THE DELANNOY

We introduce an adic (Bratteli-Vershik) dynamical system based on a diagram whose path counts from the root are the Delannoy numbers. We identify the ergodic invariant measures, prove total ergodicity for each of them, and initiate the study of the dimension group and other dynamical properties.
Experimental Evaluation of a Building Integrated Photovoltaic System for Peak Load Reduction Potential

In this paper, the effect of the Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) system on the building energy demand from the grid is investigated. The main load of the building is due to the Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) equipment, and its load is highly correlated with the ambient temperature. Similarly, the BIPV system output is also dependent on the ambient conditions, and increases with higher solar irradiation but tends to reduce as temperatures decrease when all other factors are constant. BIPV systems, thus, have the potential to help building owners and operators, both from energy production and load reduction/shifting aspects. In this paper, we utilize a 12month operational data from the BIPV system at Yasar University, and assess its performance from energy generation and demand reduction perspectives.
Low-Cost and Highly Efficient Automated Agribot using IoT

— Agribot is a robot developed using ARM LPC2148 which performs elementary functions like ploughing, sowing, water sprinkling, leveling and pesticide sprinkling simultaneously. It operates in automatic and manual mode. IoT enables the utilization of TCP/IP web-app to control agricultural processes. IR sensor detects the obstacle during its movement. Temperature is sensed for any variations to ensure proper growth of plant. The optimal temperature range is set to 22°C-33°C. The threshold resistance for determining moisture level is 700. The pump is switched on automatically based on moisture level. pH sensor is used to detect the pH of soil. Most of the crops grow well in slightly acidic conditions of pH range 5.5-7.0. NPK value required for choosing appropriate fertilizer is determined. The amount of NPK is displayed in percentage in the format “N: 25 P: 25 K: 50”. The crop suitable for the particular type of soil is determined.
An Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor Protein Generated by Alternate Splicing Acts Like an Antagonis t

Polymerase chain reaction amplification of cDNA for acidic fibroblast growth factor in several lines of cultured human cells revealed two forms of mRNA. The novel smaller mRNA lacks the entire second coding exon of the acidic fibroblast growth factor gene, whereas the previously identified mRNA consists of three coding exons. The truncated variant of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF') is only 60 amino acids long with an apparent molecular mass of 6.7 kD on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels in contrast to 18 kD for the full-length acidic fibroblast growth factor, aFGF' elicits only minimal fibroblast proliferation and antagonizes the effects of acidic fibroblast growth factor when added exogenously to or when coexpressed with aFGF in BALB/c/3T3 fibroblasts. Thus, the truncated variant of acidic fibroblast growth factor may provide fibroblasts with a unique mechanism for endogenous regulation of their responses to acidic fibroblast growth factor.
HYPER VERSION Fractional branes and the entropy of 4 D black holes

We reconsider the four dimensional extremal black hole constructed in type-IIB string theory as the bound state of D1-branes, D5-branes, momentum, and Kaluza-Klein monopoles. Specifically, we examine the case of an arbitrary number of monopoles. Consequently, the weak coupling calculation of the microscopic entropy requires a study of the D1-D5 system on an ALE space. We find that the complete expression for the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is obtained by taking into account the massless open strings stretched between the fractional D-branes which arise in the orbifold limit of the ALE space. The black hole sector therefore arises as a mixed Higgs-Coulomb branch of an effective 1 + 1 dimensional gauge theory.