Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Search for decays

Searches are performed for both promptlike and long-lived dark photons, A 0 , produced in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. These searches look for A 0 → μ þ μ − decays using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 . 5 fb − 1 collected with the LHCb detector. Neither search finds evidence for a signal, and 90% confidence-level exclusion limits are placed on the γ – A 0 kinetic mixing strength. The promptlike A 0 search explores the mass region from near the dimuon threshold up to 70 GeV and places the most stringent constraints to date on dark photons with 214 < m ð A 0 Þ ≲ 740 MeV and 10 . 6 < m ð A 0 Þ ≲ 30 GeV. The search for long-lived A 0 → μ þ μ − decays places world-leading constraints on low-mass dark photons with lifetimes O ð 1 Þ ps.
Variations in the cyclotron resonant scattering features during 2011 outburst of 4U 0115+63

We study the variations in the Cyclotron Resonant Scattering Feature (CRSF) during 2011 outburst of the high mass X-ray binary 4U 0115+63 using observations performed with Suzaku, RXTE, Swift and INTEGRAL satellites. The wide-band spectral data with low-energy coverage allowed us to characterize the broad-band continuum and detect the CRSFs. We find that the broad-band continuum is adequately described by a combination of a low temperature (kT similar to 0.8 keV) blackbody and a power law with high energy cutoff (E-cut similar to 5.4 keV) without the need for a broad Gaussian at similar to 10 keV as used in some earlier studies. Though winds from the companion can affect the emission from the neutron star at low energies (<3 keV), the blackbody component shows a significant presence in our continuum model. We report evidence for the possible presence of two independent sets of CRSFs with fundamentals at similar to 11 and similar to 15 keV. These two sets of CRSFs could arise from spatially distinct emitting regions. We also find evidence for variations in the line equivalent widths, with the 11 keV CRSF weakening and the 15 keV line strengthening with decreasing luminosity. Finally, we propose that the reason for the earlier observed anticorrelation of line energy with luminosity could be due to modelling of these two independent line sets (similar to 11 and similar to 15 keV) as a single CRSF.
Transport parameterization of the Polar SWIFT model (version 2)

Abstract. The Polar SWIFT model is a fast scheme for calculating the chemistry of stratospheric ozone depletion in the polar vortex in winter. It is intended for use in general circulation models (GCMs) and earth system models (ESMs) to enable the simulation of interactions between the ozone layer and climate when a full stratospheric chemistry scheme is computationally too expensive. In addition to the simulation of chemistry, ozone has to be transported in the GCM. As an alternative to the general schemes for the transport and mixing of tracers in the GCMs, a parameterization of the transport of ozone can be used in order to obtain the total change of ozone as the sum of the change by transport and by chemistry. One of the benefits of this approach is the easy and self-contained coupling to a GCM. Another potential advantage is that a transport parameterization based on reanalysis data and measurements can avoid deficiencies in the representation of transport in the GCMs, such as deficits in the representation of the Brewer–Dobson circulation caused by the gravity wave parameterization. Hence, we present a transport parameterization for the Polar SWIFT model that simulates the change in vortex-averaged ozone by transport in a fast and simple way without the need for a complex transport scheme in the GCM.
REM near-IR and optical photometric monitoring of pre-main sequence stars in Orion. Rotation periods

Aims. We aim at determining the rotational periods and the starspot properties in very young low-mass stars belonging to the Ori OB1c star forming region, contributing to the study of the angular momentum and magnetic activity evolution in these objects. Methods. We performed an intensive photometric monitoring of the PMS stars falling in a field of about 10 0 � 10 0 in the vicinity of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC), also containing the BD eclipsing system 2MASSJ05352184-0546085. Photometric data were collected between November 2006 and January 2007 with the REM telescope in the V RIJHK 0 bands. The largest number of observations is in the I band (about 2700 images) and in J and H bands (about 500 images in each filter). From the observed rotational modulation, induced by the presence of surface inhomogeneities, we derived the rotation periods. The long time-baseline (nearly three months) allowed us to detect rotation periods, also for the slowest rotators, with sufficient accuracy (�P/P < 2%). The analysis of the spectral energy distributions and, for some stars, of high-resolution spectra provided us with the main stellar parameters (mass, luminosity, effective temperature, mass, age, and v sini) which are essential for the discussion of our results. Moreover, the simultaneous observations in six bands, spanning from optical to near-infrared wavelengths, enabled us to derive the starspot properties for these very young low-mass stars. Results. In total, we were able to determine the rotation periods for 29 stars, spanning from about 0.6 to 20 days. Thanks to the relatively long time-baseline of our photometry, we derived periods for 16 stars and improved previous determinations for the other 13. We also report the serendipitous detection of two strong flares in two of these objects. In most cases, the light-curve amplitudes decrease progressively from the R to H band as expected for cool starspots, while in a few cases, they can only be modelled by the presence of hot spots, presumably ascribable to magnetospheric accretion. The application of our own spot model to the simultaneous light curves in different bands allowed us to deduce the spot parameters and particularly to disentangle the spot temperature and size effects on the observed light curves.
Jets and Underlying Events at LHC Energies

Jet-matter interaction remains a central question and a theoretical challenge in heavy-ion physics and might become important in high-multiplicity events in proton-proton collisions at LHC energies. Full jet measurement at LHC offer the proper tool to investigate energy loss process and fragmentation of hard parton in the medium. Since jet reconstruction will be constrained to small cone sizes, then study of the connection between jets and surrounding environment provides a further possibility to extend our exploration. We study jets at = 14 TeV and pp collisions at = 7 TeV. We analyze the flavor components in jet-like environments. We introduce a definition for surrounding cones/belts and investigate flavor dependence and correlation of different hadron species produced in jets. Here, we focus on proton-triggered correlations. Our analysis can be extended for heavy ion collisions.
Utility-based performance evaluation of biometric sample quality assessment algorithms

The quality score of a biometric sample is expected to predict the sample’s utility, but a universally valid definition of utility is missing. A harmonized definition of utility would be useful to facilitate the comparison of biometric sample quality assessment algorithms. This paper generalizes the utility of a biometric sample as normalized difference between the means of non-mated and mated comparison scores with respect to this sample. Using a face image data set, we show that discarding samples with low utility scores determined in this way results in a rapidly declining false non-match rate. The obtained utility scores can be used as ground-truth utility labels for training biometric sample quality assessment algorithms and for summarizing their prediction performance in a single plot and in a single Figure of merit based on the proposed utility score definition.
A Class File for Aip the Parameter Section Pulsar Wind Nebula Candidates Recently Discovered

H.E. S.S. is currently the most sensitive instrument in the very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray domain and has revealed many new sources along the Galactic Plane, a significant fraction of which seems to be associated with energetic pulsars. HESS J1825-137 and Vela X are considered to be the prototypes of such sources in which the large VHE nebula results from the whole history of the pulsar wind and the supernova remnant host, both evolving in a complex interstellar medium. These nebulae are seen to be offset from the pulsar position and, for HESS J1825-137, a spectral steepening at increasing distance from the pulsar has been measured. In this context, updated H.E. S.S. results on two previously published sources, namely HESS J1809-193 and HESS J1912+101, and preliminary results on the newly discovered HESS J1356-645, are presented. These extended VHE sources are thought to be associated with the energetic pulsars PSR J1809-1917, PSR J1913+1011 and PSR J1357-6429, respectively. Properties of each source in the VHE regime, together with those measured in the radio and X-ray domains, are discussed.
A Mobility Model for Synthetic Travel Demand From Sparse Traces

Knowing how much people travel is essential for transport planning. Empirical mobility traces collected from call detail records (CDRs), location-based social networks (LBSNs), and social media data have been used widely to study mobility patterns. However, these data suffer from sparsity, an issue that has largely been overlooked. In order to extend the use of these low-cost and accessible data, this study proposes a mobility model that fills the gaps in sparse mobility traces from which one can later synthesise travel demand. The proposed model extends the fundamental mechanisms of exploration and preferential return to synthesise mobility trips. The model is tested on sparse mobility traces from Twitter. We validate our model and find good agreement on origin-destination matrices and trip distance distributions for Sweden, the Netherlands, and São Paulo, Brazil, compared with a benchmark model using a heuristic method, especially for the most frequent trip distance range (1–40 km). Moreover, the learned model parameters are found to be transferable from one region to another. Using the proposed model, reasonable travel demand values can be synthesised from a dataset covering a large enough population of very sparse individual geolocations (around 1.5 geolocations per day covering 100 days on average).
A 3% DETERMINATION OF H0 AT INTERMEDIATE REDSHIFTS

Recent determinations of the Hubble constant, H0, at extremely low and very high redshifts based on the cosmic distance ladder (grounded with trigonometric parallaxes) and a cosmological model (applied to Planck 2013 data), respectively, are revealing an intriguing discrepancy (nearly 9% or 2.4σ) that is challenging astronomers and theoretical cosmologists. In order to shed some light on this problem, here we discuss a new determination of H0 at intermediate redshifts (z ∼ 1), using the following four cosmic probes: (1) measurements of the angular diameter distances for galaxy clusters based on the combination of the Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect and X-ray data (0.14 ⩽ z ⩽ 0.89); (2) the inferred ages of old high redshift galaxies (0.62 ⩽ z ⩽ 1.70); (3) measurements of the Hubble parameter H(z) (0.1 ⩽ z ⩽ 1.8); and (4) the baryon acoustic oscillation signature (z = 0.35). In our analysis, assuming a flat ΛCDM cosmology and considering statistical plus systematic errors, we obtain km s−1 Mpc−1 (1σ) which is a 3% determination of the Hubble constant at intermediate redshifts. We stress that each individual test adopted here has error bars larger than the ones appearing in the calibration of the extragalactic distance ladder. However, the remarkable complementarity among the four tests works efficiently in greatly reducing the possible degeneracy on the space parameter (Ωm, h), ultimately providing a value of H0 that is in excellent agreement with the determination using recessional velocities and distances to nearby objects.
Alkaline phosphatase combined with γ-glutamyl transferase is an independent predictor of prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving programmed death-1 inhibitors

Background Immunotherapy plays an increasingly critical role in the systemic treatment of HCC. This current study aimed to establish a novel prognostic predictor of Programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) independent of Child-Pugh grade. Methods Our study screened patients with HCC who received PD-1 inhibitors at Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2018 to December 2020. ALG grade was determined by the patient’s serum ALP and GGT levels before the initiation of PD-1 inhibitors. The endpoints of our study were overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). Follow-up ended at May 31, 2022. Results Eighty- five patients (77 with Child−Pugh grade A, 8 with Child−Pugh grade B at baseline) were enrolled according to the inclusion criteria. Patients with Child−Pugh grade A achieved longer PFS and OS than those with Child−Pugh grade B. Patients with ALG grade 3 at baseline showed worse tumor response and poorer survival, and ALG grade could stratify patients with Child−Pugh grade A into subgroups with significantly different prognosis. Conclusions ALG grade, combining ALP and GGT, is a novel and readily available prognostic marker and the predictive effect of ALG grade on patient prognosis is independent of Child−Pugh grade.
Is Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition a New Roadway in the Pathogenesis of Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Comprehensive Review

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) collectively refers to a series of episodes that reshape polarized, intact epithelial cells into discrete motile cells that can conquer the extracellular matrix (ECM). It performs a pivotal role in embryonic development, wound healing, and tissue repair. Surprisingly, the exact mechanism can also lead to the onset of malignancy and organ fibrosis contributing to scar formation and loss of function. transforming growth factor signaling, WNT signaling, Notch signaling, Hedgehog signaling, and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, as well as non-transcriptional changes in response to extracellular cues, such as growth factors and cytokines, hypoxia, and contact with the surrounding ECM, are responsible for the initiation of EMT. Although the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is multifactorial, compelling evidence suggests that it results from collagen deregulation. EMT is one of the spotlight events in the pathogenesis of OSMF, with myofibroblasts and keratinocytes being the victim cells. EMT is an essential step in both physiological and pathological events. The importance of EMT in the malignant development of OSMF and the inflammatory reaction preceding fibrosis implies a new upcoming area of research. This review aims to focus on the EMT events that function as a double-edged sword between wound healing and fibrosis and further discuss the mechanisms along with the molecular pathways that direct changes in gene expression essential for the same in the oral cavity. As OSMF involves a risk of malignant transformation, understanding the cellular and molecular events will open more avenues for therapeutic breakthroughs targeting EMT.
Measures of disturbance and incompatibility for quantum measurements

We propose a class of incompatibility measures for quantum observables based on quantifying the effect of a measurement of one observable on the statistics of the outcomes of another. Specifically, for a pair of observables $A$ and $B$ with purely discrete spectra, we compare the following two probability distributions: one resulting from a measurement of $A$ followed by a measurement of $B$ on a given state, and the other obtained from a measurement of $B$ alone on the same state. We show that maximizing the distance between these two distributions over all states yields a valid measure of the incompatibility of observables $A$ and $B$, which is zero if and only if they commute and is strictly greater than zero (and less than or equal to one) otherwise. For finite dimensional systems, we obtain a tight upper bound on the incompatibility of any pair of observables and show that the bound is attained when the observables are totally non-degenerate and associated with mutually unbiased bases. In the process, we also establish an important connection between the incompatibility of a pair of observables and the maximal disturbances due to their measurements. Finally, we indicate how these measures of incompatibility and disturbance can be extended to the more general class of non-projective measurements. In particular, we obtain a non-trivial upper bound on the incompatibility of one Luders instrument with another.
Comparison of 4G and 5G NR NSA QoE measurements in Croatian cities

The first 5G networks in Croatia are NSA (non-standalone) versions of 5G concentrated mainly on eMBB (enhanced Mobile Broadband) deployment. This paper analyzes how the introduction of the 5G network in Croatian cities affects the quality of the user experience (QoE) by measuring the data transfer rate (throughput) and ping (round trip time). The comparison of 4G and 5G network measurements is also given in order to evaluate the enhancement the introduction of 5G has brought to subscribers.
The Role of the Professor

This essay is intended not only to help professors better understand their own role, but also to help the public at large better appreciate this role. Although the essay is written from the point of view of a professor of mathematics, its essence should apply to professors in any field. When I am being asked what I do for a living and then answer that I am a professor, the next question invariably is: "What do you teach? " This shows that to most people, a professor is just a glorified teacher. The university administration expects me to do research as well as teaching, and it is assumed that these are the only important duties of an academic. In fact, sometimes I get questionnaires in which I am asked how I spend my time: what percentage on "teaching" and what percentage on "research". I am very uncomfortable when answering such questions. Recently I realized that I have spent most of my professional life neither with "teaching" nor with "research" in the narrow sense: rather, I have been mostly occupied with professing my subject: mathematics. There are important distinctions between a teacher, a researcher, and a pure professor. Let me make them clear. The teacher's focus is on his students. His task is to convey a fixed body of knowledge to his students and to worry about the best way to do so. He normally follows a textbook and a "syllabus". A very important part of his job is to assign homework and to give tests to find out how much his students are learning. He pays attention to what the students think of him and his performance. He sympathizes with his students' worry about their grades. The professor's focus is on his subject. He "lives" his subject and cannot easily switch it off, even while lying in bed awake or on vacation. He recreates the subject in his mind each time he lectures on it. He cannot know, in the beginning of a course, exactly how and in what order he will present the material. He may even, in the middle of the course, change his mind about what material to include or exclude. He always tries to find a new approach to and better insight into the subject of his course. He almost never gives a course twice in the same way, and he considers it anathema to
Exact entropy series representation for blind source separation

An explicit infinite series for the marginal entropy of a probability density function is developed. The series includes all orders of statistics and employs both the Gram-Charlier and the Edgeworth expansions for its derivation. The derivation exploits the fact that the two expansions are equivalent for the same probability density. The developed entropy series expression can be used to express the averaged mutual information to any degree of accuracy. This measure is then used in the derivation of the update laws of the blind separation of sources.
Resource Allocation Optimization of NOMA Network via Metaheuristic Algorithms

Because of the improved overall system throughput, spectrum efficiency, and user fairness, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is the next stage in telecommunication systems. NOMA breaks the orthogonality of traditional orthogonal multiple access systems by allowing several users to use the same radio resource at the same time. This paper improves the selectivity of resource allocation methods for NOMA by using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Grey Wolf optimization (GWO). The performance of the algorithms in simulated scenarios is evaluated using a scale based on the users’ sum rate. Furthermore, the performance of algorithms was compared in the presence and absence of interference from neighboring cells, as this influenced each algorithm’s total sum rate performance. Another comparison is made to show the override of the proposed method on orthogonal multiple access and NOMA with GA. The results show that the proposed method (NOMA using GWO) is superior to orthogonal multiple access and NOMA using GA in terms of total sum rate.
Coefficients for sensitivity of fine-structure transitions in carbonlike ions toαvariation

We calculate sensitivity coefficients to $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ variation for the fine-structure transitions (1,0) and (2,1) within ${^{3}P}_{J}[2{s}^{2}2{p}^{2}]$ multiplet of the carbonlike ions $\text{C}\text{ }\text{I}$, $\text{N}\text{ }\text{II}$, $\text{O}\text{ }\text{III}$, $\text{Na}\text{ }\text{VI}$, $\text{Mg}\text{ }\text{VII}$, and $\text{Si}\text{ }\text{IX}$. These transitions lie in the far-infrared region and are in principle observable in astrophysics for high redshifts $z\ensuremath{\sim}10$. This makes them very promising candidates for the search for possible $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ variation in a cosmological time scale. In such studies one of the most dangerous sources of systematic errors is associated with isotope shifts. We calculate isotope shifts with the help of relativistic mass shift operator and show that it may be significant for $\text{C}\text{ }\text{I}$ but rapidly decreases along the isoelectronic sequence and becomes very small for $\text{Mg}\text{ }\text{VII}$ and $\text{Si}\text{ }\text{IX}$.
Silvered Langur (Trachypithecus cristatus) Survey in Sibuti Wildlife Sanctuary, Miri, Sarawak

A rapid and passive primate survey using a scanning technique was conducted in Sibuti Wildlife Sanctuary (Sibuti WS) from 11th to 16th July, 2018. This study provided the first confirmed record of the presence and the diet of silvered langur in the wildlife sanctuary. A group of silvered langur that comprise 20 to 30 individuals were observed in the vicinity of the sanctuary. The diurnal langur feeds on fig plants (Ficus sp.), simpoh air (Dillenia suffruticosa) and tree from the family Leguminosae. However, this langur population appears to be isolated and is probably decreasing due to limited food sources, intra- and interspecific competition, and hunting pressure by local people.