Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PATCHINESS AND PROSOCIALITY: MODELING THE EVOLUTION AND ARCHAEOLOGY OF PLIO-PLEISTOCENE HOMININ FOOD SHARING

This dissertation begins with a comprehensive review of the evolutionary biological debate over the evolution of altruism and a discussion of how various models of mechanism have influenced the models of circumstance that paleoanthropologists continue to use in reconstructing details about the level of cooperation displayed by early hominin societies. The remainder of the dissertation concerns itself with systematically exposing previously unquestioned assumptions to potential falsification as well as with exploring some new scenarios concerning the evolution and landscape archaeology of Plio-Pleistocene hominin food sharing, all via a null agent-based model called SHARE. This heuristic model was built to address two major questions: (1) What range of ecological and social conditions facilitates the evolution of food sharing in artificial PlioPleistocene hominin populations and (2) Is food sharing at central places necessary for the formation of the so-called “scatter and patches” archaeological landscapes that are characteristic of the Plio-Pleistocene record in East Africa? In answer to the first question, population-level genetic results collected from artificial societies of hominin agents demonstrate that the so-called transitional zone of ecological patchiness can facilitate the evolution of altruistic food sharing in mixed starting populations, even if foragers lack the ability to remember past interactions or to avoid social cheaters. In answer to the second question, ecological patchiness can affect the movements of simple foragers such that the artificial archaeological landscapes they create display the same spatial signature that characterizes observed Oldowan landscapes. That is, in ecological conditions marked by fragmented food resources, archaeological landscapes composed of
MICROECONOMICS OF BEEF CATTLE PRODUCTION IN THE SINÚ'S RIVER MIDDLE VALLEY (MONTERÍA - COLOMBIA): A CASE STUDY

This article aims to contrast empirically aspects of microeconomic theory of production applied to a business unit of fattened cattle standing in Monteria (Colombia) for the years 2005-2013. To this purpose the production technique used is described, the technical and economic results are evaluated, the total cost function is modeled, and a price supply function is built using econometric techniques. The results provide further empirical evidence on the use of intensive techniques in feeding with improved natural pastures, supplements and animal health care, can deliver results in physical productivity and production that result in positive economic surplus. The total cost function maintains a positive relationship with the level of product and input prices. The marginal cost is increasing and intersects with the minimum average cost function in a production level of 33,529 kilograms, corresponding to a minimum cost of $ 1,410 per kilogram. Consistent with the function of increasing marginal cost, the money supply function has positive slope to indicate that producers respond positively to the incentives of market price.
FastFix: A Control Theoretic View of Self-Healing for Automatic Corrective Software Maintenance

One of the main objectives of self-adaptive systems is to reduce maintenance costs through automatic adaptation. Self-healing is a self-adapting property that helps systems return to a normal state after a fault or vulnerability exploit has been detected. The problem is intuitively appealing as a way to automate the different type of maintenance processes (corrective, adaptive and perfective) and forms an interesting area of research that has inspired many initiatives. As a result, several surveys on self-healing have been published to describe the state of the art in this field. According to those surveys, the major trend towards finding a solution of the self-healing problem relies on redundancy that may concern both architecture and code resources. These approaches are therefore better suited to address adaptive and perfective maintenance. As part of the EU FP7 FastFix project, we focus on self-healing for corrective maintenance. We propose a framework for automating corrective maintenance that is based on software control principles. Our approach automates the engineering of self-healing systems as it does not require the system to be designed in a specific way. Instead it can be applied to legacy systems and automatically equip them with observation and control points. Moreover, the proposed approach relies on a sound control theory developed for Discrete Event Systems. Finally, this paper contributes to the field by introducing challenges to the effective application of this approach to relevant industrial systems. Some of these challenges are currently being tackled within FastFix.
Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience

The plethora of sensors deployed in Internet of Things (IoT) environments generate unprecedented volumes of data, thereby creating a data deluge. Data collected from these sensors can be used to comprehend, examine and control intricate environments around us, facilitating greater intelligence, smarter decision-making, and better performance. The key challenge here is how to mine out proficient information from such immense data. Copious solutions have been put forth to obtain valuable inferences and insights, however, these solutions are still in their developing stages. Moreover, conventional procedures do not address the surging analytical demands of IoT systems. Motivated to resolve this concern, this work investigates the key enablers for performing desired data analytics in IoT applications. A comprehensive survey on the identified key enablers including their role in IoT data analytics, use-cases in which they have been applied and the performance results of the use-cases is presented. Furthermore, open research challenges and future research opportunities are also discussed. This article can be used as a basis to foster advanced research in the arena of IoT data analytics.
Care for older people in Dutch general practice: Results from the FIT study

With the aging population, the increase of multimorbidity, and growing strain on limited resources, the need to prevent or postpone new disabilities in later life has become ever more urgent. This thesis focuses on nurse-led multifactorial care to prevent or postpone new disabilities in community-living older people. First, we developed an instrument to identify older persons at increased risk of functional decline in primary healthcare (Identification of Seniors at Risk- Primary Care (ISAR-PC)). ISAR-PC contains three items: IADL dependence, self-reported memory complaints, and age and appeared to have moderate discrimination and was well calibrated. Second, we developed a multifactorial intervention for the most prevalent geriatric conditions based on all available evidence in primary care, to evaluate the (cost-) effectiveness of nurse-led multifactorial care to prevent or postpone new disabilities. We found no evidence that a one-year nurse-led multifactorial intervention was better than current primary care to prevent or postpone new disabilities and was not cost-effective in community-living older people at increased risk of functional decline in the Netherlands. Third, applying CGA in community-living older persons with an increased risk of functional decline yielded many geriatric conditions, yet resulted in low recognition rates of these geriatric conditions. Despite the lack of evidence for beneficial effects on the prevention of new disabilities, the implementation of proactive integrated care programs is ongoing in many healthcare systems throughout the Western world. Further research is needed to evaluate such programs with regard to quality of life, quality of care and costs.
Topographic controls on shallow groundwater dynamics: implications of hydrologic connectivity between hillslopes and riparian zones in a till mantled catchment

Hydrologic connectivity is regarded as one of the key controls in determining catchment rainfall–run‐off response and has been linked to the export of solutes from uplands to streams. We sought to identify the patterns of hydrologic connectivity within a small forested watershed by monitoring the shallow groundwater fluctuations of simple topographically defined landform sequences (footslope–backslope–shoulder). A spatially distributed instrument network was employed to continuously measure hydrometric responses of the shallow subsurface during seasonal wet‐up from summer through winter in a small till mantled research catchment. We demonstrate that the spatial patterns of shallow water table extent and duration, and therefore hydrologic connectivity, had a strong seasonal signature. During the low antecedent soil moisture conditions typically associated with the growing season, water tables were patchy, discontinuous, and only the wettest near‐stream footslope areas were consistently hydrologically connected with the stream network. During the dormant season, footslopes and backslopes maintained water tables that persisted between storm events and were almost continuously connected with the stream network. In the largest storm events, the typically driest landforms (shoulder slopes) established shallow transient water tables, suggesting that nearly the entire catchment was temporarily hydrologically connected with the stream network. In addition, we found significant differences (p < 0·05) in the magnitude and duration of groundwater responses to rainfall among landform groups both seasonally and during events. These results have implications for using a similarity approach in representing characteristic hydrologic responses of topographically defined watershed elements, determining hydrologic connectivity between watershed elements, as well as for understanding solute transport in catchments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Best Practice

Summary On Lok Senior Health Services provides community-based comprehensive care for the frail elderly and is the prototype of the PACE (Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly) model of care. Comprehensive care includes all aspects of acute care and long term care under one capitated health delivery system. The cornerstone of care at On Lok is the interdisciplinary team that performs a comprehensive assessment of all participants at intake and at regular intervals after enrollment. The team consists of physician, social worker, nurse, physical therapist, occupational therapist, dietitian, home care nurse, geriatric aide, driver, recreation therapist and other specialists as needed. The team uses standardized instruments, develops treatment plans for each participant and meets at least four times per week to discuss cases. The case presented illustrates the benefits of the On Lok model of interdisciplinary care through the end of life of a frail elderly person.
Factores genéticos y ambientales que determinan la terneza de la carne bovina

Tenderness is one of the most important quality attributes of beef. However, one the major problems that remains in the beef industry is the inconsistency of tenderness and the difficulties of its prediction. Beef tenderness is affected by factors related to the animal, such as genetics and nutrition, and also by slaughter practices and handling of beef. In this review, the structure of muscle and its relation to beef tenderness is discussed. The role of molecular markers in animal breeding and its potential application in the prediction of tenderness is emphasized.
Insights into plant water uptake from xylem‐water isotope measurements in two tropical catchments with contrasting moisture conditions

Water transpired by trees has long been assumed to be sourced from the same subsurface water stocks that contribute to groundwater recharge and streamflow. However, recent investigations using dual water stable isotopes have shown an apparent ecohydrological separation between tree‐transpired water and stream water. Here we present evidence for such ecohydrological separation in two tropical environments in Puerto Rico where precipitation seasonality is relatively low and where precipitation is positively correlated with primary productivity. We determined the stable isotope signature of xylem water of 30 mahogany (Swietenia spp.) trees sampled during two periods with contrasting moisture status. Our results suggest that the separation between transpiration water and groundwater recharge/streamflow water might be related less to the temporal phasing of hydrologic inputs and primary productivity, and more to the fundamental processes that drive evaporative isotopic enrichment of residual soil water within the soil matrix. The lack of an evaporative signature of both groundwater and streams in the study area suggests that these water balance components have a water source that is transported quickly to deeper subsurface storage compared to waters that trees use. A Bayesian mixing model used to partition source water proportions of xylem water showed that groundwater contribution was greater for valley‐bottom, riparian trees than for ridge‐top trees. Groundwater contribution was also greater at the xeric site than at the mesic–hydric site. These model results (1) underline the utility of a simple linear mixing model, implemented in a Bayesian inference framework, in quantifying source water contributions at sites with contrasting physiographic characteristics, and (2) highlight the informed judgement that should be made in interpreting mixing model results, of import particularly in surveying groundwater use patterns by vegetation from regional to global scales. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeny of Poliyar, Malaikuravar and Palliyar Tribes of Tamilnadu, India

The objective of the project was to study the inter genetic diversity within and between Poliyar, Malaikuravar and Palliyar tribal populations of Tamil Nadu and to compare these populations with other populations of India and other parts of the world. 50 Poliyar, 24 Malaikuravar and 20 Palliyar samples were taken for the study. Mitochondrial DNA makers HVR1 and from Y-chromosome, SNPs were analysed. The high frequency of C 6 T at 16223 locus of HVR1 region suggests that these populations might fall into "M" haplogroup. Median Joining Network analysis reveals that three populations are endogamous as they showed very less haplotypes. In the Neighbour Joining Tree, Poliyar are clustering with Palliyar, palliyan and kadar tribes of TamilNadu. Malaikuravar are clustering with satmani tribal population whereas Palliyar are clustering with palliyan and kadar tribes of TamilNadu. The mismatch distribution graph reveals that population growth is constant in paliyar while it is expanding in case of Malaikuravar. The Poliyar tribes show this tribes going to show the bottle neck. Y-SNP analysis revealed that Poliyar, Malaikuravar and Palliyar, fall into haplogroup VI, VIII and X suggesting that they must have migrated from South India, Pakistan, South Asia and Central Asia, as there haplotypes are found predominantly in the above region. To elucidate their migration routes, sub- haplotyping needed to be done.
Bipolar Disorders: Antipsychotic Drug Therapy of Aripiprazole an Open Label Study

Patients with bipolar disorder are exceptionally challenging to manage because of the dynamic, chronic, and fluctuating nature of their disease. Typically, the symptoms of bipolar disorder first appear in adolescence or early adulthood, and are repeated over the patient's lifetime, expressed as unpredictable recurrences of hypomanic/manic or depressive episodes. The lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder in adults is reported to be approximately 4%, and its management was estimated to cost the US healthcare system in 2009 $150 billion in combined direct and indirect costs.
Palaeogeographic Considerations for Mediterranean and Paratethys Seaways (Oligocene to Miocene)

Some considerations on the palaeogeography of the Mediterranean and Paratethys Oligocene to Miocene are presented in ten time-slices. The time-slices start with the vanishing Tethys Ocean in the late Eocene and the birth of two new marine realms at its western end: the Mediterranean Sea and the intercontinental Eurasian Paratethys basin. The time-slices were selected according to general palaeogeographic changes of seaways and arising land bridges for continental migrations. The palaeogeographic sketches were based on Cenozoic plate reconstructions, and the intermediate levels are interpolated accordingly. Strong changes occurred in the history of the Paratethys. From an open ocean in the Eocene with connections to the Polar Sea via the Turgai Strait, it changed to an enclosed basin in the early Oligocene with reduced salinity and endemic faunas. From the middle Oligocene on, the basin opened again, reaching a maximum connection with the Indian Ocean during late Oligocene and early Miocene (late Chattian ‐ early Burdigalian). Intermittent seaways and regional close-off of basins with endemic development characterize the late Burdigalian and middle Miocene. By the mid-Serravallian the final disconnection of the Paratethys occurred, and since Sarmatian time reduced salinity conditions and endemisms prevailed. The Mediterranean was the connecting sea between Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Oceans until the late Burdigalian. With the collision of the Arabian and Anatolian plates in the late Burdigalian, an Eurasian ‐ African landbridge opened for mammal migrations. A short interruption is proposed for the Langhian transgression, followed by a final closure in the Serravallian.
A MECHANICAL MODEL OF THE FORMATION MECHANISM OF THE SHANXl GRABEN ZONE AND THE CHARACTERIS-TICS OF SHANXl EARTHQUAKE ZONE

The Shanxi Graben zone in North China is a small continental rift valley. Its principal characteristics are the same as that of the other continental rife valleys of the world. Based on the observed facts that the formation and development of the rift valleys and grabens are the results of the propagation of the fracture system existing in the crust, it is possible to study the mechanism of their mechanical formation by using the method of fracture mechanics. In this paper, a three-dimensional mechanical model is presented in order to study the formation and development processes of the Shanxi graben and explain the zigzag pattern of the Shanxi graben system. The angles between the segments of shear and tension are calculated from this model and their magnitude depends on such factors as the direction of the regional stress field, the aspect ratio between the depth and length of the graben fracture zone, the mechanical properties of the materials etc. The general direction of the tension segments always directs to that of the maximum principal compression stress of this region, so that the direction of the maximum principal compression stress of the region can be given from the general direction of the tension segments and vice versa. The characteristics of earthquake distribution in the Shanxi graben zone are also analysed by means of the seismicity data.Besides the Shanxi graben system, the Rhine graben, the Rio Grande rift valley and the Baikal rift valley are also analysed by using the same method. The results show that there also exist obvious segments of shear and tension in grabens and rift valleys.
Meta-Optimization of Initial Weights for More Effective Few- and Zero-Shot Learning in BCI Classification

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are heavily reliant on the underlying data classification. Neural network classifiers are often used for this purpose, but their performance is dependent, in turn, on the availability of large training sets, which are difficult to record. Hence, arises the necessity to employ methods capable of operating with limited sample sizes or leveraging experience acquired with different BCI users. Here, we explore the ability of meta-learning algorithms to enable neural network classifiers to leverage experience acquired with EEG data recorded in other BCI users to support few-shot or even zero-shot learning for BCI classifiers. We conducted experiments to assess the quality of EEG data classification using neural networks that were pre-trained on various users who were different from the test user. In these experiments we compared neural networks pre-trained with meta-learning algorithms and with traditional transfer learning, with further fine-tuning on small data amounts and even without fine-tuning. The experiments demonstrated the potential for classification quality improvement through meta-learning in few- and even zero-shot learning scenarios.
Trajectory Tracking Control of Autonomous Vehicles Combining ACT-R Cognitive Framework and Preview Tracking Theory

By improving the ability of Trajectory Tracking Control (TTC) algorithms to mimic the manipulation behaviors of real drivers, which is of great significance in improving the personalized driving experience of autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we propose a TTC method that combines the Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) cognitive theory framework with the Preview Tracking (PT) theory. Firstly, by analyzing and describing the ACT-R cognitive framework and the PT theory, a TTC framework that combines the two theories is proposed. Secondly, a virtual driving simulator was built to collect driving data from 30 drivers and construct a driving memory database. Thirdly, a central production system for driver trajectory tracking is designed, which consists of: three control modes, production rules, a timing generator, and filtering methods for driving memory segments. Fourthly, the TTC method based on PT theory is designed to adapt to different control modes. Finally, statistical and comparative analyses of the human-like trajectory tracking results of the proposed method were carried out through co-simulation experiments, and it was verified that the human-like performance of the proposed new method had a high degree of similarity with the manipulation behaviors and the vehicle motion state of the real driver. The real-vehicle experiments are carried out, which verifies the consistency of the proposed method with the results of the simulation experiments.
Assessing Rainfed and Irrigated Farm Performance Using Measures of Water Use Efficiency

The aim of sustainable farming in both Australia and China is to achieve high water use efficiency (WUE), high profitability and minimal damage to the environment. High WUE is needed to minimise the overuse of scarce water resources. In this chapter, we review the many definitions of WUE that are in use in Australia and China. For example, in rainfed and irrigated zones of southern Australia, WUE or ‘potential yield’ is used as an index of production efficiency and its industry surrogates, whereas in China WUE is estimated as part of water-saving agricultural practices. We also look at why current measures of WUE are not appropriate for some cropping systems in Australia such as those in ‘leaky’ landscapes, where the crops cannot intercept and use all the water that reaches the root zone. A more encompassing measure of plant WUE may need to be developed for these systems and advocated to farmers. To maximise adoption by farmers, WUE must be based on easily measured parameters.