Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Performance of the Cananea Near-infrared Camera (CANICA)

We present details of characterization and imaging performance of the Cananea Near-infrared Camera (CANICA) at the 2.1 m telescope of the Guillermo Haro Astrophysical Observatory (OAGH) located in Cananea, Sonora, México. CANICA has a HAWAII array with a HgCdTe detector of 1024 × 1024 pixels covering a field of view of 5.5 × 5.5 arcmin2 with a plate scale of 0.32 arcsec/pixel. The camera characterization involved measuring key detector parameters: conversion gain, dark current, readout noise, and linearity. The pixels in the detector have a full-well-depth of 100,000 e− with the conversion gain measured to be 5.8 e−/ADU. The time-dependent dark current was estimated to be 1.2 e−/sec. Readout noise for correlated double sampled (CDS) technique was measured to be 30 e−/pixel. The detector shows 10% non-linearity close to the full-well-depth. The non-linearity was corrected within 1% levels for the CDS images. Full-field imaging performance was evaluated by measuring the point spread function, zeropoints, throughput, and limiting magnitude. The average zeropoint value in each filter are J = 20.52, H = 20.63, and K = 20.23. The saturation limit of the detector is about sixth magnitude in all the primary broadbands. CANICA on the 2.1 m OAGH telescope reaches background-limited magnitudes of J = 18.5, H = 17.6, and K = 16.0 for a signal-to-noise ratio of 10 with an integration time of 900 s.
Cosmological Applications of the Gaussian Kinematic Formula

Abstract The Gaussian Kinematic Formula (GKF, see Adler and Taylor (2007,2011)) is an extremely powerful tool allowing for explicit analytic predictions of expected values of Minkowski functionals under realistic experimental conditions for cosmological data collections. In this paper, we implement Minkowski functionals on multipoles and needlet components of CMB fields, thus allowing a better control of cosmic variance and extraction of information on both harmonic and real domains; we then exploit the GKF to provide their expected values on spherical maps, in the presence of arbitrary sky masks, and under nonGaussian circumstances.
Shadow of a rotating braneworld black hole

We investigate the shadow cast by a rotating braneworld black hole, in the Randall-Sundrum scenario. In addition to the angular momentum, the tidal charge term deforms the shape of the shadow. For a given value of the rotation parameter, the presence of a negative tidal charge enlarges the shadow and reduces its deformation with respect to Kerr spacetime, while for a positive charge, the opposite effect is obtained. We also analyze the case in which the combination of the rotation parameter and the tidal charge results in a naked singularity. We discuss the observational prospects corresponding to the supermassive black hole at the Galactic center.
Discovery of spin-up in the X-ray pulsar companion of the hot subdwarf HD 49798

The hot subdwarf HD 49798 has an X-ray emitting compact companion with a spin-period of 13.2 s and a dynamically measured mass of 1.28+/-0.05 M_sun, consistent with either a neutron star or a white dwarf. Using all the available XMM-Newton and Swift observations of this source, we could perform a phase-connected timing analysis extending back to the ROSAT data obtained in 1992. We found that the pulsar is spinning up at a rate of (2.15+/-0.05)x10^{-15} s/s. This result is best interpreted in terms of a neutron star accreting from the wind of its subdwarf companion, although the remarkably steady period derivative over more than 20 years is unusual in wind-accreting neutron stars. The possibility that the compact object is a massive white dwarf accreting through a disk cannot be excluded, but it requires a larger distance and/or properties of the stellar wind of HD 49798 different from those derived from the modelling of its optical/UV spectra.
VERY WIDE BINARIES AND OTHER COMOVING STELLAR COMPANIONS: A BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF THE HIPPARCOS CATALOGUE

We develop Bayesian statistical methods for discovering and assigning probabilities to non-random (e.g., physical) stellar companions. These companions are either presently bound or were previously bound. The probabilities depend on similarities in corrected proper motion parallel and perpendicular to the brighter component's motion, parallax, and the local phase-space density of field stars. Control experiments are conducted to understand the behavior of false positives. The technique is applied to the Hipparcos Catalogue within 100 pc. This is the first all-sky survey to locate escaped companions still drifting along with each other. In the <100 pc distance range, ∼220 high probability companions with separations between 0.01 and 1 pc are found. The first evidence for a population (∼300) of companions separated by 1–8 pc is found. We find these previously unnoticed naked-eye companions (both with V < 6th mag): Capella & 50 Per, δ Vel & HIP 43797, Alioth (ϵ UMa), Megrez (δ UMa) & Alcor, γ & τ Cen, ϕ Eri & η Hor, 62 & 63 Cnc, γ & τ Per, ζ & δ Hya, β01, β02 & β03 Tuc, N Vel & HIP 47479, HIP 98174 & HIP 97646, and s Eri & HIP 14913. High probability fainter companions (>6th mag) of primaries with V < 4 are found for: Fomalhaut (α PsA), γ UMa, α Lib, Alvahet (ι Cephi), δ Ara, β Ser, ι Peg, β Pic, κ Phe, and γ Tuc.
Simulating and interpreting deep observations in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field with theJWST/NIRSpec low-resolution ‘prism’

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will enable the detection of optical emission lines in galaxies spanning a broad range of luminosities out to redshifts z ≳ 10. Measurements of key galaxy properties, such as star formation rate and metallicity, through these observations will provide unique insight into, e.g. the role of feedback from stars and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in regulating galaxy evolution, the co-evolution of AGNs and host galaxies, the physical origin of the ‘main sequence’ of star-forming galaxies, and the contribution by star-forming galaxies to cosmic reionization. We present an original framework to simulate and analyse observations performed with the near-infrared spectrograph (NIRSpec) on board JWST. We use the BEAGLE tool (BayEsian Analysis of GaLaxy sEds) to build a semi-empirical catalogue of galaxy spectra based on photometric spectral energy distributions of dropout galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF). We demonstrate that the resulting catalogue of galaxy spectra satisfies different types of observational constraints on high-redshift galaxies, and use it as an input to simulate NIRSpec/prism (R ∼ 100) observations. We show that a single ‘deep’ (∼100 ks) NIRSpec/prism pointing in the HUDF will enable S/N>3 detections of multiple optical emission lines in ∼30 (∼60) galaxies at z ≳ 6 (⁠z∼4-6⁠) down to mF160W≲30 AB mag. Such observations will allow measurements of galaxy star formation rates, ionization parameters, and gas-phase metallicities within factors of 1.5, mass-to-light ratios within a factor of 2, galaxy ages within a factor of 3, and V-band attenuation optical depths with a precision of 0.3.
Higgs boson spectra in supersymmetric left-right models

We present a comprehensive analysis of the Higgs boson spectra in several versions of the supersymmetric left--right model based on the gauge symmetry $SU(3)_c \times SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R \times U(1)_{B-L}$. A variety of symmetry breaking sectors are studied, with a focus on the constraints placed on model parameters by the lightest neutral CP even Higgs boson mass $M_h$. The breaking of $SU(2)_R$ symmetry is achieved by Higgs fields transforming either as triplets or doublets, and the electroweak symmetry breaking is triggered by either bi--doublets or doublets. The Higgs potential is analyzed with or without a gauge singlet Higgs field present. Seesaw models of Type I and Type II, inverse seesaw models, universal seesaw models and an $E_6$ inspired alternate left--right model are included in our analysis. Several of these models lead to the tree--level relation $M_h \leq \sqrt{2}\,m_W$ (rather than $M_h \leq m_Z$ that arises in the MSSM), realized when the $SU(2)_R$ symmetry breaking scale is of order TeV. With such an enhanced upper limit, it becomes possible to accommodate a Higgs boson of mass 126 GeV with relatively light stops that mix negligibly. In models with Higgs triplets, a doubly charged scalar remains light below a TeV with its mass arising entirely from radiative corrections. We carry out the complete one--loop calculation for its mass induced by the Majorana Yukawa couplings and show the consistency of the framework. We argue that these models prefer a low $SU(2)_R$ breaking scale. Other theoretical and phenomenological implications of these models are briefly discussed.
A bipartite separable ball and its applications

In this paper, based on a matrix norm, we first present a ball of separable un-normalized states around the identity matrix for the bipartite quantum system, which is larger than the separable ball in Frobenius norm. Then the proposed ball is used to get not only simple sufficient conditions for the separability of pseudopure states and the states with strong positive partial transposes, but also a separable ball centered at the identity matrix for the multipartite quantum system.
Voice Tremor and Botulinum Neurotoxin Therapy: A Contemporary Review

Voice tremor is a common, yet debilitating symptom for patients suffering from a number of tremor-associated disorders. The key to targeting effective treatments for voice tremor requires a fundamental understanding of the pathophysiology that underpins the tremor mechanism and accurate identification of the disease in affected patients. An updated review of the literature detailing the current understanding of voice tremor (with or without essential tremor), its accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment options was conducted, with a specific focus on the role of botulinum neurotoxin. Judicious patient selection, following detailed characterisation of voice tremor qualities, is essential to optimising treatment outcomes for botulinum neurotoxin therapy, as well as other targeted therapies. Further focused investigation is required to characterise the response to targeted treatment in voice tremor patients and to guide the development of innovative treatment options.
Constraints on neutrino masses from the study of the nearby large-scale structure and galaxy cluster counts

The high precision measurements of the cosmic microwave background by the Planck survey yielded tight constraints on cosmological parameters and the statistics of the density fluctuations at the time of recombination. This provides the means for a critical study of structure formation in the Universe by comparing the microwave background results with present epoch measurements of the cosmic large-scale structure. It can reveal subtle effects such as how different forms of Dark Matter may modify structure growth. Currently most interesting is the damping effect of structure growth by massive neutrinos. Different observations of low redshift matter density fluctuations provided evidence for a signature of massive neutrinos. Here we discuss the study of the cosmic large-scale structure with a complete sample of nearby, X-ray luminous clusters from our REFLEX cluster survey. From the observed X-ray luminosity function and its reproduction for different cosmological models, we obtain tight constraints on the cosmological parameters describing the matter density, Ωm, and the density fluctuation amplitude, σ8. A comparison of these constraints with the Planck results shows a discrepancy in the framework of a pure ΛCDM model, but the results can be reconciled, if we allow for a neutrino mass in the range of 0.17 eV to 0.7 eV. Also some others, but not all of the observations of the nearby large-scale structure provide evidence or trends for signatures of massive neutrinos. With further improvement in the systematics and future survey projects, these indications will develop into a definitive measurement of neutrino masses.
Energy, contact, and density profiles of one-dimensional fermions in a harmonic trap via non-uniform lattice Monte Carlo

We determine the ground-state energy and Tan's contact of attractively interacting few-fermion systems in a one-dimensional harmonic trap, for a range of couplings and particle numbers. Complementing those results, we show the corresponding density profiles. The calculations were performed with a new lattice Monte Carlo approach based on a non-uniform discretization of space, defined via Gauss-Hermite quadrature points and weights. This particular coordinate basis is natural for systems in harmonic traps, and can be generalized to traps of other shapes. In all cases, it yields a position-dependent coupling and a corresponding non-uniform Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation. The resulting path integral is performed with hybrid Monte Carlo as a proof of principle for calculations at finite temperature and in higher dimensions. We present results for N=4,. ,20 particles (although the method can be extended beyond that) to cover the range from few- to many-particle systems. This method is also exact up to statistical and systematic uncertainties, which we account for -- and thus also represents the first ab initio calculation of this system, providing a benchmark for other methods and a prediction for ultracold-atom experiments.
X-ray studies of nanoporous gold: Powder diffraction by large crystals with small holes

X-ray diffraction studies of nanoporous gold face the poorly understood diffraction scenario where large coherent crystals are riddled with nanoscale holes. Theoretical considerations derived in this study show that the ligament size of the porous network influences the scattering despite being quasi single crystalline. Virtual diffraction of artificially generated samples confirms the results but also shows a loss of long-range coherency and the appearance of microstrain due to thermal relaxation. Subsequently, a large set of laboratory X-ray investigations of nanoporous gold fabricated by different approaches and synthesis parameters reveal a clear correlation between ligament size and size of the coherent scattering domains as well as extremely high microstrains in samples with ligament sizes below 10 nm.
Universal relations for the two-dimensional spin-1/2 Fermi gas with contact interactions

We present universal relations for a two-dimensional Fermi gas with pairwise contact interactions. The derivation of these relations is made possible by obtaining the explicit form of a generalized function -- selector -- in the momentum representation. The selector implements the short-distance boundary condition between two fermions in a straightforward manner, and leads to simple derivations of the universal relations, in the spirit of Tan's original method for the three-dimensional gas.
Attenuation Modified by DIG and Dust as Seen in M31

The spatial distribution of dust in galaxies affects the global attenuation, and hence inferred properties, of galaxies. We trace the spatial distribution of dust in five approximately kiloparsec fields of M31 by comparing optical attenuation with the total dust mass distribution. We measure the attenuation from the Balmer decrement using Integral Field Spectroscopy and the dust mass from Herschel far-IR observations. Our results show that M31's dust attenuation closely follows a foreground screen model, contrary to what was previously found in other nearby galaxies. By smoothing the M31 data, we find that spatial resolution is not the cause for this difference. Based on the emission-line ratios and two simple models, we conclude that previous models of dust/gas geometry need to include a weakly or non-attenuated diffuse ionized gas (DIG) component. Due to the variation of dust and DIG scale heights with galactic radius, we conclude that different locations in galaxies will have different vertical distributions of gas and dust and therefore different measured attenuation. The difference between our result in M31 with that found in other nearby galaxies can be explained by our fields in M31 lying at larger galactic radii than the previous studies that focused on the centers of galaxies.
Direct detection of photoinduced magnetic force at the nanoscale reveals magnetic nearfield of structured light

We demonstrate experimentally the detection of magnetic force at optical frequencies, defined as the dipolar Lorentz force exerted on a photoinduced magnetic dipole excited by the magnetic component of light. Historically, this magnetic force has been considered elusive since, at optical frequencies, magnetic effects are usually overshadowed by the interaction of the electric component of light, making it difficult to recognize the direct magnetic force from the dominant electric forces. To overcome this challenge, we develop a photoinduced magnetic force characterization method that exploits a magnetic nanoprobe under structured light illumination. This approach enables the direct detection of the magnetic force, revealing the magnetic nearfield distribution at the nanoscale, while maximally suppressing its electric counterpart. The proposed method opens up new avenues for nanoscopy based on optical magnetic contrast, offering a research tool for all-optical spin control and optomagnetic manipulation of matter at the nanoscale.
Antibacterial Mechanism of Chitosan–Gentamicin and Its Effect on the Intestinal Flora of Litopenaeus vannamei Infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus

To explore the application of chitosan–gentamicin conjugate (CS-GT) in inhibiting Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus), which is an important pathogen in aquatic animals worldwide, the antimicrobial activity of CS-GT and the effects of a CS-GT dose on the intestine histopathology and intestinal flora of V. parahaemolyticus-infected shrimps were explored. The results showed that CS-GT possessed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 20.00 ± 0.01, 75.00 ± 0.02 and 18.72 ± 3.17 μg/mL for V. parahaemolyticus, respectively. Further scanning electron microscope and cell membrane damage analyses displayed that the electrostatic interaction of CS-GT with cell membrane strengthened after CS grafted GT, resulting in leakage of nucleic acid and electrolytes of V. parahaemolyticus. On the other hand, histopathology investigation indicated that high (100 mg/kg) and medium (50 mg/kg) doses of CS-GT could alleviate the injury of a shrimp’s intestine caused by V. parahaemolyticus. Further 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis found high and medium dose of CS-GT could effectively inhabit V. parahaemolyticus invasion and reduce intestinal dysfunction. In conclusion, CS-GT possesses good antibacterial activity and could protect shrimps from pathogenic bacteria infection.
Ju n 20 14 A Raman Waveplate for Spinor BECs

We demonstrate a waveplate for a pseudo-spin-1/2 Bose-Einstein condensate using a two-photon Raman interaction. The angle of the waveplate is set by the relative phase of the optical fields, and the retardance is controlled by the pulse area. The waveplate allows us to image maps of the Stokes parameters of a BoseEinstein condensate and thereby measure its relative ground state phase. We demonstrate the waveplate by measuring the Stokes parameters of a coreless vortex.
Kinetics of Ion Transport in Ionic Liquids: Two Dynamical Diffusion States

Using classical molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the mobility of ions in [Bmim][TFSI], a typical room temperature ionic liquid. Analyzing the trajectories of individual cations and anions, we estimate the time that ions spend in bound, clustered states, and when the ions move quasi-freely. Using this information, we evaluate the average portion of free ions that dominate conductivity. The amount of thus defined free ions comprises 15-25%, monotonically increasing with temperature in the range of 300-600 K, with the rest of the ions being temporarily bound, moving rather in local potentials. The conductivities as a function of temperature, calculated from electric current autocorrelation functions, reproduce reported experimental data well. Interestingly, for free ions the Nernst-Einstein relationship between the mobility and diffusion coefficient holds fairly well. In analogy with electronic semiconductors, one can speak about an ionic semiconductor model for ionic liquids with valence (or excitonic) and conduction band states for ions, separated by an energy gap. The obtained band gap for the ionic liquid is, however, very small, about 0.026 eV, allowing for easy interchanges between the two dynamic states.
Size distribution analysis of residual host cell DNA fragments in lentivirus by CGE‐LIF

During the production of cell and gene therapy products, residual host cell DNA (HCD) could cause safety risks of the biological products, and the longer the residual HCD fragment, the greater the risk to the human body. For this reason, it was necessary to develop an effective method for the size distribution analysis of residual HCD fragments with high accuracy and sensitivity. In this study, capillary gel electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detector (CGE‐LIF) was used to analyze the size distribution of residual HCD fragments in lentivirus products. The results confirmed that lentiviral RNA genome could interfere with the size distribution analysis of residual HCD fragments. By optimizing the amount of RNase I and digestion time in sample pretreatment process, the interfere of RNA genome could be avoided. The specificity, precision, accuracy, linear range, the detection of limit (LOD), and the quantification of limit (LOQ) of CGE‐LIF method were also validated. The results showed that the CGE‐LIF method had a good performance both in terms of specificity and reproducibility. The intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviations of migration time and corrected peak area were all less than 1% and 2%, respectively. The 200 bp DNA marker had a good linearity between 50 and 1000 pg/ml. The LOD and LOQ of 200 bp DNA marker were 2.59 and 8.64 pg/ml, respectively. In addition, this method was successfully used to analyze the size distribution analysis of residual HCD fragments in lentivirus products with different production processes.
Chemical characterization of the inner Galactic bulge:North–South symmetry

While the number of stars in the Galactic bulge with detailed chemical abundance measurements is increasing rapidly, the inner Galactic bulge (|b| +0.6 dex. The Galactic Centre field reveals in contrast a mainly metal-rich population with a mean metallicity of +0.3 dex. We derived [Mg/Fe] and [Si/Fe] abundances that are consistent with trends from the outer bulge. We confirm for the supersolar metallicity stars the decreasing trend in [Mg/Fe] and [Si/Fe] as expected from chemical evolution models. With the caveat of a relatively small sample, we do not find significant differences in the chemical abundances between the Northern and the Southern fields; hence, the evidence is consistent with symmetry in chemistry between North and South. (Less)