Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Considerations of the Human Vertebral Column Under +Gz Impact Acceleration

Abstract : Among the major limitations on manned aerospace vehicular-and escape system designs are the structural limits of the human body. One of the lower limits is the strength of the vertebral body under +G (eyeballs down) impact acceleration. When the vertebral column is considered as a structural member, a finite limit on nonfracturing accelerations can be specified, as has previously been the case. An hypothesis as to the mechanism of fracture, which suggests an approach capable of raising the limit, and experimental evidence in support of the hypothesis are presented. A crude device based upon the approach was designed and tested experimentally on cadaveric exposures to +G acceleration. A statistically significant increase in the level of acceleration required to cause fracture was measured.
Architecture and Functional Specifications of the Muscles of the Antibrachium and Manus Regions of the African Ass (Equus asinus)

This study was carried out to provide quantitative anatomical data on the muscle-tendon units of locomotors muscle of the antibrachium and manus regions of the domesticated donkeys specifically; muscle mass, muscle volume, fascicle length, pennation angle, tendon mass, tendon volume and tendon rest length. From these measurements other muscle properties such as physiological cross sectional area (PCSA) and maximum isometric force (F ), in addition to tendon stress and tendon strain were estimated for each muscle. max A total of 140 muscles (28 from each of the five cadavers of donkeys ranged in age from 2.5 to 5 year and in weight from 166 to 187 kg) were used to examine each muscle functional specifications and their potential to contribute to limb mechanics. Of these muscles 50 was working on carpal joint (20 extensors and 30 flexors) and 90 were working on joints of the digits (40 extensors and 50 flexors). The largest muscles mass which was found to have the largest volume and the largest PCSA tended to be had medium fascicle lengths and relatively lower pennation angles but had the highest capacity for force production. Within the function groups, the greatest proportion of muscle volume (107.00 cm ) as well as the highest capacity for force generation (63.8 N) was for 3 the coffine flexors. Many of these muscles were also in series with long tendons and thus were functionally suited to elastic energy storage. In conclusion, the discriminate analysis of the available data demonstrated that the architecture properties are a good predictor of the muscle function.
A robust pattern of neuronal response to outer phenomena in "Vitroid", the hybrid neuro-robot

Rat hippocampal neurons reorganized a complex networks on microelectrodes array dish. The living neuronal network can distinguish patterns of action potentials evoked by different inputs, suggesting that a cultured neuronal network can represent particular states as symbols. A neuro-robot-hybrid system with living neuronal network and miniature moving robot was developed. We use a Khepera II robot for interfacing with a living neuronal network and the outer world and succeeded in performing collision avoidance behavior with premised control rule sets. Using self-tuning fuzzy reasoning, we associated a distinct spatial pattern of electrical activity with a particular phenomenon in the outside of the culture dish. The particular relationship between network activity and outer phenomenon was performed by control rules of electrical stimulation to the neuronal network, responding to outer phenomenon, while a spatio -temporal patterns of neuronal activity were linked to output devices by premised control rules. We succeeded in performing collision avoidance, and found that fluctuation of neuronal responses evoked by sensor output of robot body was controlled by the interaction between neurons via synapses.
A Behavior-Based Policy for Multirobot Formation Control

This paper presents an advanced method with hierarchical architecture for multirobot formation control. The control system consists of fundamental behavior module, supervisor module and velocity tuning module. Formation and obstacle avoidance behaviors are produced by fundamental behavior module, among which the obstacle avoidance behavior is produced by fuzzy logic technique. Then a FNN (Fuzzy Neural Network) is designed to fuse the two fundamental behaviors in supervisor module. The FNN is trained through reinforcement learning. At last, a velocity tuning module is designed to adjust the speed of the robot. Simulation results validate the feasibility of this method．
Entrepreneurial Intention from the Context of B40 Strata

Moving towards a developed nation in 2050, government is committed to boost up the wellbeing and income of low-income earners (B40) household towards middle class society. Considering SMEs instrumental roles in creating prosperity for the nation, variety of programs have been established in promoting entrepreneurial activity to address pockets of poverty and socio-economic imbalances among B40 group. Therefore, study related to B40 entrepreneurial intention is worth further examination. Following the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), the study examines the extent to which attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control predict entrepreneurial intention among B40 in Malaysia. A questionnaire survey was done using the sample of B40. The hypotheses were analysed by using partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The result suggests that only attitude and perceived behavioural control were significant to explain B40 entrepreneurial intention yet subjective norm was found as a non-significant predictor in explaining B40 entrepreneurial intention. The paper extends the current knowledge on entrepreneurial intention by analyzing the impact of different factors recognized by TPB on entrepreneurial intention and provide insightful input from the context of B40 in Malaysia.
Perception of the Place of Articulation Feature for Plosives and Fricatives in Noise

This study aims at uncovering perceptually-relevant cues for place of articulation in noise. Stimuli consisted of /CV/ syllables where /C/ is one of /b,d,p,t,f,s,v,z/ and /V/, one of /a,i,u/, in different levels of white noise (SNR range: -15 to 10 dB.) Four subjects participated in the study. Results show that the perception of the labial and alveolar place distinction in noise is dependent on the manner, voicing, and vowel. Perception of place for fricatives is more robust than that for plosives except for voiced /Ca/ syllables. For voiceless consonants, differences in thresholds between fricatives and plosives are, on average, 11.8 dB, 3.8 dB, and 5 dB for the /a/, /i/ and /u/ contexts, respectively. Voiceless consonants are typically more robust than their voiced counterparts; this is especially true for fricatives. As for context, the /a/ context is more robust than /u/ which is more robust than /i/ except for the /p,t/ case.
Toward Modular and Flexible Open RAN Implementations in 6G Networks: Traffic Steering Use Case and O-RAN xApps

The development of cellular wireless systems has entered the phase when 5G networks are being deployed and the foundations of 6G solutions are being identified. However, in parallel to this, another technological breakthrough is observed, as the concept of open radio access networks is coming into play. Together with advancing network virtualization and programmability, this may reshape the way the functionalities and services related to radio access are designed, leading to modular and flexible implementations. This paper overviews the idea of open radio access networks and presents ongoing O-RAN Alliance standardization activities in this context. The whole analysis is supported by a study of the traffic steering use case implemented in a modular way, following the open networking approach.
Impact of Salesperson Behaviour on Customers Equity in Super Market

Service marketing focuses on service encounter stimuli, such as the servicescape, employee interactions, the core service, and other customers. The studies that have focused on other customers’ role as a social component of the service environment have led to the development of a comprehensive measure of other customer perception. Thus, based on the social impact theory, attraction theory and the theory of uniqueness, the study analysed the effect of Other Customer Perception (OCP), Need for Uniqueness (NFU and their interaction on service experience and revisit intention by employing a scenario-based quasi-experimental research design with a sample of 127 job holder postgraduate management students using convenient sampling technique. The study employed MANOVA GLM model and concludes that while the impact of consumers’ perceptions of other customers’ similarity does influence service experience of the customers, demonstrating that not only the restaurant itself, but also the entities in the surrounding network such as other customers have an impact on service experience and their revisit intention. Therefore, other customer effect, which works as a basis for service experience and revisit intention, should not be neglected when designing the surroundings in restaurant settings.
ULTRA-WIDEBAND SPATIAL CORRELATION STUDY FOR MULTI- SENSOR MULTI-ANTENNA BODY AREA NETWORKS

This paper is a first step towards the development of UWB multi-sensors MIMO body area networks, where the sensors communicate with a multi-antenna central device. The spatial correlation in the frequency and delay domains has been extracted from channel measurements on the human torso. We highlight two behaviours depending on the propagation mechanisms: diffraction around the body and environment reflections.
An efficient Fourier transform algorithm for multitone harmonic balance

A novel Fourier transform technique is proposed for use in multitone harmonic-balance (HB) simulations. It is shown that computations of multitone distorted spectra reduce to efficient one-dimensional fast Fourier transform operations when certain relationships exist between the sampling rate and frequency components of the signal. The algorithm requires minimal initialization time and is readily incorporated into existing HE tools. It is especially useful when the number of input tones is very large, such as spectral regrowth and noise-power ratio simulations. The method is demonstrated on the example of a 5-GHz MESFET amplifier driven by a quadrature phase shift-keying modulated carrier.
?Addendum to a minimalist revision of Costa Rican Braconidae: 28 new species and 23 host records

Abstract Twenty-nine species are treated, most of which have host caterpillar and food plant records, and all but one are new to science. The first host record for the agathidine genus Amputoearinus is given. Gnathopleurajosequesadai Sharkey, sp. nov. is reported as a hyperparasitoid of fly larvae, the first such record for the genus. The following new species are diagnosed primarily using COI barcode data; Sharkey is the authority for all: Agathidinae: Aerophilusdavidwagneri, Aerophilusfundacionbandorum, Aerophilusnicklaphami, Lytopylusdavidstopaki, Lytopylusdavidschindeli; Alysiinae: Gnathopleurajosequesadai; Braconinae: Braconandreamezae, Braconfranklinpaniaguai, Braconrafagutierrezi, Braconguillermoblancoi, Braconoscarmasisi, Braconpauldimaurai, Braconshebadimaurae, Saciremakarendimaurae; Cheloninae: Chelonusminorzunigai; Homolobinae: Homolobusstevestroudi; Macrocentrinae: Macrocentrusmichaelstroudi; Orgilinae: Stantoniagilbertfuentesi; Rhysipolinae: Rhysipolisstevearonsoni; Rogadinae: Aleiodeskaydodgeae, Aleiodeskerrydresslerae, Aleiodesjosesolanoi, Aleiodesjuniorporrasi, Aleiodesrocioecheverri, Aleiodesronaldzunigai, Choreborogasjesseausubeli, Triraphisdoncombi, and Yeliconesmayrabonillae.
Childhood Poverty, Extended Family and Adult Poverty

ABSTRACT This study investigates the extent to which childhood poverty experience and family variables affect the persistence of poverty in adulthood. We use the Panel Study of Income Dynamics data where subjects are observed over multiple years both as children and adults. We examine the extent to which the persistence of poverty after age 18 and age 25 are predicted by childhood poverty experience. We find that the proportion of time spent in poverty in adulthood increases with the proportion of time spent in poverty in childhood after controlling for other personal, family, place and time-period effects. The magnitude of the effect of childhood poverty on adult outcomes gets smaller but remains significant when examining poverty experiences after age 25. We also find that there are unobserved but strong family level effects that either increase or reduce the chances of adulthood poverty substantially for some extended family units.
THE KEY TO AUTO THEFT: Emerging Methods of Auto Theft from the Offenders' Perspective

Recent improvements in vehicle security have reduced the opportunities for auto theft for many would-be thieves. Auto thieves have adapted to these changes by illegally obtaining keys to accomplish their misdeeds. To combat this trend in auto theft, it is necessary to determine commonly preferred methods of key theft. We rely on the accounts of auto thieves who used keys to steal vehicles to shed light on the techniques and strategies that they employed to obtain keys. Offenders' accounts show that while some of them simply found keys left in cars, many took more active steps in locating and stealing keys. They relied on such strategies as burglary, robbery or fraud to acquire keys. Our results suggest that key thieves are not solely opportunistic but instead exhibit some degree of reasoning when offending.
FORMULASI SEDIAAN GEL SCRUB WAJAH SERBUK BIJI KOPI ARABIKA (Coffee arabica) DENGAN KONSENTRASI KARBOPOL 940 SEBAGAI GELLING AGENT

INTISARI Kopi merupakan tanaman yang kaya akan manfaat. Biji kopi arabika mengandung antioksidan yang dapat memberikan manfaat salah satunya mencegah kerusakan sel akibat paparan radikal bebas. Kopi arabika di formulasikan dalam bentuk gel scrub dengan gelling agent karbopol 940. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berapa konsentrasi gelling agent yang terbaik terhadap sifat fisika dan stabilitas sediaan gel srub biji kopi arabika (Coffee arabica) dan pada saat digunakan menyebabkan iritasi atau tidak. Metode penelitian eksperimental murni untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan tertentu dengan membandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol yang tidak diberikan perlakuan. Evaluasi sediaan gel scrub meliputi evaluasi mutu fisik sediaan dan uji iritasi terhadap 3 kelinci. Hasil evaluasi sediaan menunjukkan bahwa semua sediaan gel scrub berbentuk gel dengan butiran berwarna hitam, berbau khas, homogen, stabil selama penyimpanan 6 siklus, nilai pH (4,5-7,8), daya lekat (2-300 detik), daya sebar (5-7 cm) dan viskositas (2000-4000 cp), uji iritasi pada kelinci menyebabkan reaksi kulit sedikit iritasi. Hasil uji statistik dengan uji one way anova menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antar formula dengan nilai signifikasi (p< 0,05). Namun sediaan masih bisa dikatakan stabil dikarenakan masih berada pada rentang persyaratan. Kesimpulan gel scrub yang dihasilkan memiliki karakteristik fisik yang baik dan menyebabkan reaksi kulit sedikit iritasi. Serbuk biji kopi arabika dapat diformulasikan sebagai sediaan gel scrub memiliki karakteristik fisik yang baik pada formula IV dengan konsentrasi karbopol 940 2 %. dan stabil pada penyimpanan 6 siklus.
Hybrid Mean Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Permutation Flow Shop Scheduling Problem

This paper presents a new hybrid mean particle swarm optimization algorithm with improved NEH heuristic approach and local search strategies by using an immune mechanism. This hybrid mean particle swarm optimization algorithm is used for permutation flow shop scheduling problems. Finally, twenty-five problems are used to test the performance of the algorithm, the experimental results show that the proposed approach is an effective and practical.
Efficient method of target recognition based on spectral correlation of wideband resonance effects

The potential for automatic target recognition (ATR) processing of foliage-penetrating (FOPEN) SAR imagery requires very high bandwidth occupancies for sufficient range resolution to be achieved for the ATR task. The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) ultra-wideband (UWB) FOPEN SAR--with greater than 95% bandwidth occupancy--provides a suitable testbed for evaluation of UWB ATR techniques. Target signatures in these data are characterized by two temporally distinct responses: an early-time (driven) response, and a late-time (resonant) response. We propose an ATR technique for UWB data based on recognition of targets by their resonant signatures. Current resonance-extraction techniques, such as the singularity-expansion method, hinge on contemporary adaptations of Prony's algorithm; this method, however, generally performs poorly in the presence of noise and is computationally intensive. We propose a form of resonance analysis by application of linear-transform methods, using both classical Fourier techniques and contemporary multiresolution approaches. Target- declaration confidences are established by the correlation of two sets of spectral coefficients--one set from the transformed image data, and the other from a synthetic target template. This permits a fast, efficient scheme for recognition of target resonance effects in UWB imagery. UWB images from the ARL UWB FOPEN SAR instrumentation system were analyzed with canonical targets (dipoles) of differing dimensions and orientation. Results are presented and summarized for each of the targets and transform methods employed in the analysis.
Solid waste management in Onitsha, Nigeria

Waste management in the municipality of Onitsha is handled by division of the municipality into six sanitation zones. Refuse is discharged into 1.5 m3 containers in the residential areas while 1.6 m3 containers and built-up dumps are used in the commercial, industrial and some residential areas. Vehi cles for waste collection include open tippers, side loaders, liftable container trucks and rear-loading compactors. A san itary landfill is the main method used for waste disposal; in addition, open dumps, a controlled landfill, and animal feed ing are employed. In order to help in future waste manage ment analysis and strategies in the Onitsha municipality, two- thirds of a 5 m3 truck loads of solid wastes were separated into components and their percentages by weight obtained. Refuse analysis indicated a high percentage of vegeta ble/putrescible and paper/wood products while the generation rate is 0.53 kg per capita per day. It was found that a great part of the budget (77%) was spent on collection and haulage leaving a minor amount (23%) for waste disposal. The adop tion of modem waste management practices should be emphasised in order to achieve greater efficiency.
Elevated intraspinal pressure in traumatic spinal cord injury is a promising therapeutic target

The currently recommended management for acute traumatic spinal cord injury aims to reduce the incidence of secondary injury and promote functional recovery. Elevated intraspinal pressure (ISP) likely plays an important role in the processes involved in secondary spinal cord injury, and should not be overlooked. However, the factors and detailed time course contributing to elevated ISP and its impact on pathophysiology after traumatic spinal cord injury have not been reviewed in the literature. Here, we review the etiology and progression of elevated ISP, as well as potential therapeutic measures that target elevated ISP. Elevated ISP is a time-dependent process that is mainly caused by hemorrhage, edema, and blood-spinal cord barrier destruction and peaks at 3 days after traumatic spinal cord injury. Duraplasty and hypertonic saline may be promising treatments for reducing ISP within this time window. Other potential treatments such as decompression, spinal cord incision, hemostasis, and methylprednisolone treatment require further validation.
Prediction of Changed Faces with HSCNN

: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have been successfully employed in the field of image classification. However, CNN trained using images from several years ago may be unable to identify how such images have changed over time. Cross-age face recognition is, therefore, a substantial challenge. Several efforts have been made to resolve facial changes over time utilizing recurrent neural networks (RNN) with CNN. The structure of RNN contains hidden contextual information in a hidden state to transfer a state in the previous step to the next step. This paper proposes a novel model called Hidden State-CNN (HSCNN). This adds to CNN a convolution layer of the hidden state saved as a parameter in the previous step and requires no more computing resources than CNN. The previous CNN-RNN models perform CNN and RNN, separately and then merge the results. Therefore, their systems consume twice the memory resources and CPU time, compared with the HSCNN system, which works the same as CNN only. HSCNN consists of 3 types of models. All models load hidden state h t − 1 from parameters of the previous step and save h t as a parameter for the next step. In addition, model-B adds h t − 1 to x, which is the previous output. The summation of h t − 1 and x is multiplied by weight W. In model-C the convolution layer has two weights: W 1 and W 2 . Training HSCNN with faces of the previous step is for testing faces of the next step in the experiment. That is, HSCNN trained with past facial data is then used to verify future data. It has been found to exhibit 10 percent greater accuracy than traditional CNN with a celeb face database.
Designing Incomplete Hub Location-routing Network in Urban Transportation Problem

In this paper, a comprehensive model for hub location-routing problem is proposed which no network structure other than connectivity is imposed on the backbone (i.e. Network between hub nodes) and tributary networks (i.e. Networks which connect non-hub nodes to hub nodes). This model is applied in public transportation, telecommunication and banking networks. In this model locating and routing is considered simultaneously and it has a multiple allocation strategy to allocate non-hub nodes to hub nodes. In addition, non-hub nodes can connect directly to each other. The objective of the proposed model is minimizing costs of establishing a network and transferring flows. To expedite solving the proposed model and improve the lower bound, which gain from linear relaxation, a number of preprocessing tests and valid inequalities are presented which have relatively good performance in the proposed model. Their performance is analyzed by implementing them on the test problems. Results show that using all preprocessing tests and valid inequalities is the best approach to solve the problem among all proposed approaches in this paper.
Data-Based Distributed Sensor Scheduling for Multiple Linear Systems With $H_\infty$ Performance Preservation

This article investigates the data-based distributed sensor scheduling for a wireless sensor network (WSN), where multiple sensor nodes monitor different linear systems correspondingly. The WSN admits a network topology to formulate a fully distributed sensor scheduling policy, and transmits measured information over a shared wireless channel. Due to the bandwidth limit, at each time only partial sensor nodes can send their measurements to the corresponding remote controller. By introducing a distributed minimum subset extraction mechanism under Q-learning framework, a data-based sensor scheduling algorithm is proposed, which gives an approximate solution to minimizing the $H_\infty$ performance index of the overall closed-loop system, without requiring the knowledge of system parameters. Also, under persistently exciting condition with sufficiently rich enough disturbances, the algorithm converges to the exact optimal solution. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated with simulation results.