Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elite vs. Experienced Male and Female Trail Runners: Comparing Running Economy, Biomechanics, Strength, and Power

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Abstract Besson, T, Pastor, FS, Varesco, G, Berthet, M, Kennouche, D, Dandrieux, P-E, Rossi, J, and Millet, GY. Elite vs. experienced male and female trail runners: comparing running economy, biomechanics, strength, and power. J Strength Cond Res 37(7): 1470–1478, 2023—The increased participation in trail running (TR) races and the emergence of official international races have increased the performance level of the world best trail runners. The aim of this study was to compare cost of running (Cr) and biomechanical and neuromuscular characteristics of elite trail runners with their lower level counterparts. Twenty elite (10 females; ELITE) and 21 experienced (10 females; EXP) trail runners participated in the study. Cr and running biomechanics were measured at 10 and 14 km·h−1 on flat and at 10 km·h−1 with 10% uphill incline. Subjects also performed maximal isometric voluntary contractions of knee and hip extensors and knee flexors and maximal sprints on a cycle ergometer to assess the power-torque-velocity profile (PTVP). Athletes also reported their training volume during the previous year. Despite no differences in biomechanics, ELITE had a lower Cr than EXP (p < 0.05). Despite nonsignificant difference in maximal lower-limb power between groups, ELITE displayed a greater relative torque (p < 0.01) and lower maximal velocity (p < 0.01) in the PTVP. Females displayed shorter contact times (p < 0.01) compared with males, but no sex differences were observed in Cr (p > 0.05). No sex differences existed for the PTVP slope, whereas females exhibited lower relative torque (p < 0.01) and velocity capacities (p < 0.01) compared with males. Although not comprehensively assessing all determining factors of TR performance, those data evidenced level and sex specificities of trail runners in some factors of performance. Strength training can be suggested to lower level trail runners to improve Cr and thus TR performance.
JM-JABF230058 1..7

Introduction Demographic change is driving unprecedented transformations in the United States health care system. A rapidly aging population, income inequality, and rising housing prices have all led to a marked rise in the number of older adults who encounter challenges leaving their homes. In 2011, it was estimated that nearly 2 million older adults were homebound whereas another 5 million had significant difficulty leaving their home. From 2012 to 2018, an additional 4.5 million Medicare beneficiaries were estimated to be homebound. Homebound older adults have more comorbidities, This article was externally peer reviewed. Submitted 23 June 2022; revised 1 September 2022; 18 October 2022; and 18 January 2023; accepted 23 January 2023. This is the Ahead of Print version of the article. From the Department of Family Medicine, Department of Pharmacotherapy, Mountain Area Health Education Center, Biltmore Forest, NC (TW); Mission Health Partners, Department of Family Medicine, Mountain Area Health Education Center, Biltmore Forest, NC (AR); Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (CT); Department of Family Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Mountain Area Health Education Center, Biltmore Forest, NC (WM). Funding: This research was supported by a grant from the WNC Bridge Foundation. Conflict of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Corresponding author:Casey Tak, PhD, MPH, Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Rm 4410, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 (E-mail: casey.tak@hsc.utah.edu).
Automated Opportunistic Trabecular Volumetric Bone Mineral Density Extraction Outperforms Manual Measurements for the Prediction of Vertebral Fractures in Routine CT

Opportunistic osteoporosis screening using multidetector CT-scans (MDCT) and convolutional neural network (CNN)-derived segmentations of the spine to generate volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) bears the potential to improve incidental osteoporotic vertebral fracture (VF) prediction. However, the performance compared to the established manual opportunistic vBMD measures remains unclear. Hence, we investigated patients with a routine MDCT of the spine who had developed a new osteoporotic incidental VF and frequency matched to patients without incidental VFs as assessed on follow-up MDCT images after 1.5 years. Automated vBMD was generated using CNN-generated segmentation masks and asynchronous calibration. Additionally, manual vBMD was sampled by two radiologists. Automated vBMD measurements in patients with incidental VFs at 1.5-years follow-up (n = 53) were significantly lower compared to patients without incidental VFs (n = 104) (83.6 ± 29.4 mg/cm3 vs. 102.1 ± 27.7 mg/cm3, p < 0.001). This comparison was not significant for manually assessed vBMD (99.2 ± 37.6 mg/cm3 vs. 107.9 ± 33.9 mg/cm3, p = 0.30). When adjusting for age and sex, both automated and manual vBMD measurements were significantly associated with incidental VFs at 1.5-year follow-up, however, the associations were stronger for automated measurements (β = −0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI): −20.10, 4.35; p < 0.001) compared to manual measurements (β = −0.15; 95% CI: −11.16, 5.16; p < 0.03). In conclusion, automated opportunistic measurements are feasible and can be useful for bone mineral density assessment in clinical routine.
Advancements in Focal Amplification Detection in Tumor/Liquid Biopsies and Emerging Clinical Applications

Focal amplifications (FAs) are crucial in cancer research due to their significant diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. FAs manifest in various forms, such as episomes, double minute chromosomes, and homogeneously staining regions, arising through different mechanisms and mainly contributing to cancer cell heterogeneity, the leading cause of drug resistance in therapy. Numerous wet-lab, mainly FISH, PCR-based assays, next-generation sequencing, and bioinformatics approaches have been set up to detect FAs, unravel the internal structure of amplicons, assess their chromatin compaction status, and investigate the transcriptional landscape associated with their occurrence in cancer cells. Most of them are tailored for tumor samples, even at the single-cell level. Conversely, very limited approaches have been set up to detect FAs in liquid biopsies. This evidence suggests the need to improve these non-invasive investigations for early tumor detection, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating treatment response. Despite the potential therapeutic implications of FAs, such as, for example, the use of HER2-specific compounds for patients with ERBB2 amplification, challenges remain, including developing selective and effective FA-targeting agents and understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying FA maintenance and replication. This review details a state-of-the-art of FA investigation, with a particular focus on liquid biopsies and single-cell approaches in tumor samples, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize the future diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer patients.
WHAT ARE THE ROLES OF EDUCATIONAL ELECTRONIC TOOLS IN READING MOTIVATION?

Learning motivation mostly predicts overall academic achievement which is likely correlated to either students’ academic success or failure. All of the studies reviewed are empirical in nature which a pre-post-test random assignment experiment design. All of the studies assigned students to control group and experimental group to compare students’ reading motivation and reading comprehension after conducting reading activities by using ICT tools or/and DERs. Two main types of educational technology tools (ICT and DERs) are likely mediate and enhance reading motivation as well as reading comprehension through personalized activities and engaging activities. Though, technology provides students with various interactive features that can suit students’ learning style and learning level, framework and approaches like constructionist framework, top-down and bottom-up approaches, as well as learning from technology and learning with technology concepts will navigate learning activities on what ways and how the technologies are used in reading activities, thus improve students’ reading motivation, reading comprehension, and reading fluency.
Performances of selected European economies in achieving their inflation targets: The non-stationary discrete choice model approach

Measurement of the performances of inflation targeting (IT) frameworks has been of interest to researchers ever since IT began to be implemented as a monetary policy strategy. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of domestic and international determinants on success in achieving inflation targets of the selected European economies. Our methodological framework is based on the application of a non-stationary discrete choice model. For this research, four European economies are considered: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Serbia. Their results regarding IT policy can provide a useful benchmark for similar economies that are either planning to adopt the same monetary policy framework or have begun to apply it recently. Our findings indicate that IT success is primarily under the control of monetary policymakers by key policy rate mechanism, but that the impact of additional domestic and international factors that are not easily managed by the central bank like budget balance, exchange rate, growth rate, current account balance, labor cost growth, loans, Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices, inflation, and GDP gap of the Eurozone, can be also significant. Consequently, monetary policymakers need to take into account a wide range of inflation factors, including foreign spillover effects, so that tools for their neutralization can be helpful in achieving the targeted goals.
Canonical quantization of substrate-less fields

An inconsistency of quantum field theory, regarding the sign of the vacuum energy of elementary fields, is pointed out. An improved law for the canonical quantization of fields is presented, which is based on the distinction between fields which have material substrates, and substrate-less fields. Remarkably, the improved quantization method removes not only the inconsistency of quantum field theory, but at the same time solves the (old) cosmological constant problem for all fields of the standard model of elementary particles, but not for the hypothetical inflaton fields, without compromising any of the achievements of established quantum field theory.
Use of polyetheretheretherketone in dentistry: Literature review

The use of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) in dentistry has gained increasing attention due to its unique properties, including high biocompatibility, fracture resistance, esthetics, radiopacity, and bone-like mechanical properties. Evidence shows that PEEK is a promising material in dentistry and its potential as an alternative to traditional implant and dental prosthesis materials is evident. Although much remains to be investigated in terms of clinical applications and long-term tissue integration of this material, its high biocompatibility and aesthetics are indicative of future success. In this article, a review of the most relevant scientific literature on the use of PEEK in dentistry is carried out and its applications are highlighted, from the manufacture of abutments and restoration scaffolds, dental posts and cores, to the use in dental implants and scaffolds for bone regeneration.
3-D Color Video Microscopy of Intact Plants: A New Method for Measuring Shape and Growth

We developed a new computerized CCD video light microscopy system for obtaining three-dimensional (3-D) RGB measurements of shape (with color texture) and growth of intact plants under various conditions and over a wide magnification range. We used a modified shape-from-focus algorithm that incorporated a linear regression operator for 3-D reconstruction of images of petunia seedlings, which have a coarse texture. This algorithm was unsuitable for processing images of specimens with glossy texture (e.g., plant cells), but this drawback was mitigated by illuminating the cells in a checked pattern. The algorithm also reduced incorrect range estimates, which are due to defocused areas around the object's edge in original images. Within only a few minutes, the presented system can yield a series of original color images and reconstruct 3-D images incorporating color texture. All operations of our new system are carried out automatically, and the results are displayed by using in-house developed software that allows observation of the reconstructed 3-D image from any direction on the upper side. At angles from 10 to 80° to the objective's face, the surface area can be estimated to within an error of 5%.
Variation of Solubility, Biokinetics and Dose Coefficient of Industrial Uranium Oxides According to the Specific Surface Area

The in vitro solubility, absorption to blood, lung retention and dose coefficient of industrial UO 2 samples were studied as a function of the specific surface area (SSA) of the particles. An in vitro study has been carried out on two samples of industrial UO 4 to compare the results with those obtained with UO 2 . Ten UO 2 samples supplied by different fuel factories or research laboratories, presented specific surface areas from 1.00 to 4.45 m 2 . g -1 . The wide range of values of SSA was due to the different conditions of fabrication. Dissolution tests in cell culture medium made on these ten samples have shown that the solubility increased 2.5-fold when the SSA increased 1.7-fold. The same tendency has been found for UO 4 , a soluble compound, and for U 3 O 8 , a moderately soluble compound. Four in vivo experiments carried out on rats by intratracheal instillation of dust suspensions of UO 2 , have highlighted the decrease in lung retention and the increase of absorption to blood with the SSA. The experimental absorption parameters calculated from the in vivo data allowed specific dose coefficients to be obtained which decreased from 6.6 to 4.3 μSv. Bq -1 when the SSA increased from 1.60 to 3.08 m 2 . g -1 . Thus, the medical monitoring of workers at the workplace has to take into account any change in the fabrication process of the uranium compound which can affect the physicochemical properties and consequently the dose coefficient.
The Role of Regulation and Technology in Segmenting Primary Markets and Security Flipping

Flipping is when traders purchase an asset in the initial offering of a security and immediately sell the asset for a higher price in a secondary market. Flipping is the natural result when segmentation exists in the primary market (initial offering) and investors have heterogenous price beliefs. We provide empirical evidence for two novel types of segmentation caused by regulation and technology in the primary market for FinTech debt securities. Our results show both forms of segmentation increase flipping activity. Additional tests suggest platforms include an interest premium, potentially encouraging flipping and circumventing the investor regulatory restrictions that cause segmentation. Welfare benefits accrue to traders engaging in flipping activity. We estimate that borrowers pay an additional 63 BP in interest to allow platforms to resolve regulatory segmentation and secondary market investors concede an average 201 BP in yield to investors flipping notes. JEL Classifications: G21, G23, L81, D53, G28
Global existence of three dimensional incompressible MHD flows

We investigate the initial value problem for the three‐dimensional incompressible magnetohydrodynamics flows. Global existence and uniqueness of flows are established in the function space Za,σ−1(a≥0,σ≥1) , provided that the norm of the initial data is less than the minimal value of the viscosity coefficients of the flows. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
• k – SUM CORDIAL LABELING FOR SOME GRAPHS

S uppose G = (V (G), E (G)) be a graph with vertex set V (G) and edge set E (G). A vertex labeling f: V (G) ® {0, 1, 2,…, k-1} where k is an integer, 1 £ k £ ½ V (G) ½ . For each edge uv, assign the label (f(u) + f(v)) (mod k). The map f is called a k-sum cordial labeling , if and , for and i, j I {0, 1,…,k-1} where and denote the number of vertices and edges respectively labeled with ( = 0, 1, 2,…, k-1). Any graph which satisfies k-sum cordial labeling is called a k-sum cordial graph . Here we prove some graphs like Star and Bistar are k-sum cordial graphs. Also we investigate any path is a odd sum cordial graph, any cycle (n ³ 3) and double star are 3-sum cordial graphs.
Inovação em pesquisas sobre agronegócio no setor de alimentos: revisão e agenda de pesquisa

Embora a temática do agronegócio seja crescente, seu pico de publicações ocorreu somente em 2013, extrapolando a área rural e expondo sua natureza interdisciplinar. O agronegócio brasileiro tem se tornado cada vez mais competitivo. O objetivo é analisar o caráter inovativo das pesquisas publicadas sobre a temática agronegócio no setor de alimentos durante o ano de 2022, pós-pandemia Covid-19, na relação com o desenvolvimento territorial-regional. Adotou-se a revisão sistemática da literatura combinada com a revisão integrativa para uma abordagem crítica sobre a temática, na base de dados Scopus, no período de 2022. Os resultados foram que, embora a temática sobre agronegócio no setor de alimentos seja ampla, encontrou-se uma discussão interdisciplinar sobre a temática, envolvendo: sustentabilidade, novo cenário pós-pandemia Covid-19 e desenvolvimento territorial-regional. A conclusão confirma que há inovação nas pesquisas publicadas sobre a temática agronegócio no setor de alimentos durante o ano de 2022, pós-pandemia Covid-19, na relação com o desenvolvimento territorial-regional.
Peptide Lv Promotes Trafficking and Membrane Insertion of KCa3.1 through the MEK1–ERK and PI3K–Akt Signaling Pathways

Peptide Lv is a small endogenous secretory peptide that is proangiogenic through hyperpolarizing vascular endothelial cells (ECs) by enhancing the current densities of KCa3.1 channels. However, it is unclear how peptide Lv enhances these currents. One way to enhance the current densities of ion channels is to promote its trafficking and insertion into the plasma membrane. We hypothesized that peptide Lv-elicited KCa3.1 augmentation occurs through activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)–protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways, which are known to mediate ion channel trafficking and membrane insertion in neurons. To test this hypothesis, we employed patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings and cell-surface biotinylation assays on ECs treated with peptide Lv and pharmaceutical inhibitors of ERK and Akt. Blocking ERK or Akt activation diminished peptide Lv-elicited EC hyperpolarization and increase in KCa3.1 current densities. Blocking PI3K or Akt activation decreased the level of plasma membrane-bound, but not the total amount of KCa3.1 protein in ECs. Therefore, the peptide Lv-elicited EC hyperpolarization and KCa3.1 augmentation occurred in part through channel trafficking and insertion mediated by MEK1–ERK and PI3K–Akt activation. These results demonstrate the molecular mechanisms of how peptide Lv promotes EC-mediated angiogenesis.
Efficient optical analysis of surface texture combinations for silicon solar cells

Surface textures can significantly improve anti-reflective and light trapping properties of silicon solar cells. Combining standard pyramidal front side textures with scattering or diffractive rear side textures has the potential to further increase the light path length inside the silicon and thereby increase the solar cell efficiency. In this work we introduce the OPTOS (Optical Properties of Textured Optical Sheets) simulation formalism and apply it to the modelling of silicon solar cells with different surface textures at front and rear side. OPTOS is a matrix-based method that allows for the computationally-efficient calculation of non-coherent light propagation within textured solar cells, featuring multiple textures that may operate in different optical regimes. After calculating redistribution matrices for each individual surface texture with the most appropriate technique, optical properties like angle dependent reflectance, transmittance or absorptance can be determined via matrix multiplications. Using OPTOS, we demonstrate for example that the integration of a diffractive grating at the rear side of solar cells with random pyramids at the front results in an absorptance gain that corresponds to a photocurrent density enhancement of 0.73 mA/cm2 for a 250 μm thick cell. The re-usability of matrices enables the investigation of different solar cell thicknesses within minutes. For thicknesses down to 50 μm the simulated gain increases up to 1.22 mA/cm2. The OPTOS formalism is furthermore not restricted with respect to the number of textured interfaces. By combining two or more textured sheets to effective interfaces, it is possible to optically model a complete photovoltaic module including EVA and potentially textured glass layers with one calculation tool.
Adaptive tracking algorithm based on particle filter-mean shift

An adaptive tracking algorithm based on the combination of particle filter and mean shift is proposed.First,the tracking target is segmented into different block templates,and the block template with the least color similarity to the surroundings is chosen as a tracking region.Then,the block template is adjusted adaptively to the best scale when it is tracked by the proposed particle filter method based on the mean shift.Finally,an adaptive observation model is introduced after the state estimation of particle filter,and the Gaussian noise variance and the number of particles are determined according to the change of the block template scale.Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than traditional method when target body is partially occluded or its moving direction is changed.
Are intensive care units safe?

Patients in ICUs constitute a higher risk group as they are sicker and are subjected to more invasive interventions. It was estimated in one medicalsurgical ICU that around 1.7 errors occur per patient per day.2 Around 29% of these errors had a potential to cause significant harm or death. Given an average length of stay of 3 days in the ICU, this data suggests that nearly all patients who are admitted to an ICU will suffer a potentially life-threatening medical error at some time during their ICU stay. When this data is further extrapolated to cover all ICUs in the United States, it suggests that approximately 85,000 errors can occur every day (of which 24,650 can be potentially life-threatening). And this data applies to an advanced country. Though we have no data to highlight the enormity of the problem in Indian ICUs, we can be sure that safety is a factor that should be causing concern to patients, health care providers and administrators alike.