Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SWAHILI Amba-LESS RELATIVES WITHOUT HEAD MOVEMENT

Recent proposals have assumed that syntactic representations are constrained by some type of Linear Correspondence Axiom (LCA), as version of which first appeared in Kayne (1994). One consequence of this assumption is the elimination of right-adjunction of one overt element onto another in the syntax, which in some cases can force a remnant movement analysis. This paper shows that Swahili amba-less relatives, and probably even verb forms in simple matrix clauses, are one such case. Several types of independent evidence are also examined to the effect that these verbal and relative forms are maximal projections rather than complex heads, including the fact that the prosodic subconstituencies observed in the relative forms cannot be obtained by head movement. An analysis is then sketched which relies on remnant movement rather than head movement.
Medical image elastic registration based on discontinuity adaptive Markov random field model

Abstract We present a novel elastic registration algorithm using discontinuity adaptive Markov random field (DA-MRF) model. We use B-spline to model the deformation field, and then the coefficients of B-spline are the parameters to be evaluated. We model the coefficients fields as MRFs. The optimal deformation is sought as maximum a posteriori (MAP) configurations through a minimisation problem that includes two terms: the pixel-wise mean-square distance measure between the reference and the warped test image (data term), and continuity constraints imposed on pairs of neighbouring coefficients that promotes a smooth deformation (regularisation term). We use two- and three-dimensional medical images to test the proposed algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed method is robust and accurate, suitable for clinical application.
A Study of Association Model with Periodic Chaos Neurons

In this work a chaotic neuron model with a periodic activation function is proposed and applied to an autoassociation problem. It is elucidated that the presently found chaotic behavior may be controlled in terms of a single parameter corresponding to the periodicity of the periodic mapping. It is found that the present autoassociation model may associate more effectively an embedded pattern than the conventional association model with a monotonous step function as an activation function as seen in the Associatron. In addition it is also found that the association may be accomplished even though the multiple gray levels as the embedded patterns are concerned, and that the association rate may not be reduced below 0.05 even for such cases.
An inducing construction of quantum codes from classical error correcting codes

The aim of the present paper is to construct error correcting quantum codes from classical error correcting group codes by using the Schur orthogonality relations for characters of a finite abelian group and the Knill–Laflamme criterion for a quantum code to correct a pre-assigned family of errors. This is an abstraction and generalization of Shor's example of a nine qubit single error correcting quantum code.
Characterization of electron mobility in ultrathin body germanium-on-insulator metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistors

We have systematically investigated electron mobility behaviors in germanium-on-insulator (GeOI) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with reducing the Ge channel thickness down to 9 nm. 9 nm-thick GeOI n-MOSFETs operated with a reasonable Ion/Ioff ratio of ∼105, but it showed the electron mobility degradation compared with thick GeOI case. To investigate the physical origin of the mobility degradation in ultrathin body (UTB) GeOI n-MOSFETs, the depth profiling of GeOI crystallinity was investigated by Raman spectroscopy. A difference of Ge crystallinity in the front channel from that in back one was discussed to explain the mobility degradation in UTB region.
Multifrequency Routh approximants for linear systems

A multipoint Routh gamma - delta canonical continued-fraction expansion for the transfer function of a linear system is derived. Based on this general form, a multifrequency Routh approximant to the system is derived by selecting the expansion points on the imaginary axis and truncating the resulting continued-fraction expansion. A connection between the stability preservation property of the multifrequency Routh approximants and the expansion points on the imaginary axis is established. Thus the multifrequency Routh approximation procedure is flexible in deriving stable reduced-order models while fitting the frequency responses and retaining the time moments and/or Markov parameters of the impulse response of the system.
Machine Learning Algorithm for Intrusion Detection: Performance Evaluation and Comparative Analysis

Ensuring the security of a network or system is crucial in today’s digital age. One of the key measures to achieve this is intrusion detection, which involves identifying and stopping unauthorized access. With the increasing complexity of cyber threats, regular intrusion detection methods have been proven inadequate in providing robust security. Machine Learning (ML) algorithms have emerged as a reliable method to notice and prevent intrusion in real-time. Data mining techniques have been employed in intrusion detection systems (IDS) founded on ML to scrutinize network traffic and detect patterns and anomalies that may signify a possible threat. The data used in the model can be categorized into two types: labeled and unlabeled data. Labeled data is used to train the system to recognize known attacks, while unlabeled data is used to detect new and unknown attacks. There are several types of IDS that use ML algorithms. The proposed approach has several advantages over traditional rule-based IDS. This approach employs an ML technique that integrates various algorithms including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), and Decision Tree (DT). The proposed approach’s comparative analysis will help provide a better intrusion detection method. It can provide a powerful tool for enhancing the safety of computer networks. By leveraging the power of ML algorithms, the proposed method can improve the accuracy and effectiveness of IDS and stay one step ahead of potential security threats. These algorithms can detect and prevent known and unknown attacks by utilizing labeled and unlabeled data. The comparative analysis of different ML approaches will provide valuable insights for developing robust IDS and better safeguarding our digital assets in an increasingly complex threat landscape.
Sustainability of Food Safety in Malaysia: Analysis of Challenges, Threats and Solutions

Daily food intake needs to be refined by the community, particularly in terms of food safety. This is because unknowingly the consumed food is often exposed to food safety threats and risks causing harm to the body while the purpose of food is to provide and supply energy in order to carry on daily activities in life. Therefore, this study was conducted to discuss the threats and challenges of food safety that occur in Malaysia so that corrective actions can be taken while reducing the risk that can cause harm to individuals. This study was conducted as a qualitative study by applying inductive and deductive methods to analyse the data after information was collected through the literature review and content analysis approach. The study found that food safety in Malaysia is faced with various threats from various angles such as food poisoning, food contamination, food composition, labelling, food packaging, food quality, food cleanliness, the impact of food on health and more. In light of that, a chain-collaborative solution between the government, industry, and consumers that adheres to the concept of ḥalālan ṭ ayyiban must be implemented to ensure the supply of halal, clean, safe, quality, nutritious and healthy food.
2-dimensional Convexity Numbers and P 4-free Graphs

Abstract For $S\,\subseteq \,{{\mathbb{R}}^{n}}$ a set $C\,\subseteq \,S$ is an $m$ -clique if the convex hull of no $m$ -element subset of $C$ is contained in $S$ . We show that there is essentially just one way to construct a closed set $S\,\subseteq \,{{\mathbb{R}}^{2}}$ without an uncountable 3-clique that is not the union of countably many convex sets. In particular, all such sets have the same convexity number; that is, they require the same number of convex subsets to cover them. The main result follows from an analysis of the convex structure of closed sets in ${{\mathbb{R}}^{2}}$ without uncountable 3-cliques in terms of clopen, ${{P}_{4}}$ -free graphs on Polish spaces.
A molecular perspective on the invasibility of the southern ocean benthos: The impact of hypoxia and temperature on gene expression in South American and Antarctic Aequiyoldia bivalves

When an organism makes a long-distance transition to a new habitat, the associated environmental change is often marked and requires physiological plasticity of larvae, juveniles, or other migrant stages. Exposing shallow-water marine bivalves (Aequiyoldia cf. eightsii) from southern South America (SSA) and the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) to changes in temperature and oxygen availability, we investigated changes in gene expression in a simulated colonization experiment of the shores of a new continent after crossing of the Drake Passage, and in a warming scenario in the WAP. Bivalves from SSA were cooled from 7°C (in situ) to 4°C and 2°C (future warmed WAP conditions), WAP bivalves were warmed from 1.5°C (current summer in situ) to 4°C (warmed WAP), gene expression patterns in response to thermal stress by itself and in combination with hypoxia were measured after 10 days. Our results confirm that molecular plasticity may play a vital role for local adaptation. Hypoxia had a greater effect on the transcriptome than temperature alone. The effect was further amplified when hypoxia and temperature acted as combined stressors. The WAP bivalves showed a remarkable ability to cope with short-term exposure to hypoxia by switching to a metabolic rate depression strategy and activating the alternative oxidation pathway, whilst the SSA population showed no comparable response. In SSA, the high prevalence of apoptosis-related differentially expressed genes especially under combined higher temperatures and hypoxia indicated that the SSA Aequiyoldia are operating near their physiological limits already. While the effect of temperature per se may not represent the single most effective barrier to Antarctic colonization by South American bivalves, the current distribution patterns as well as their resilience to future conditions can be better understood by looking at the synergistic effects of temperature in conjunction with short-term exposure to hypoxia.
Morphometric analyses & DNA Barcoding of Acrididae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) using Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I Gene

DNA barcode data of Acrididae is limited in global data bases from Sindh, Pakistan. Hence, the present study was aimed to collect some selected Acridid species from the Sindh and generate DNA barcode data to improve the global database sequencing. Specimens were collected from cultivated, sandy, rocky, vegetation, grassy, desert, semi desert, roadside and open area of the upper Sindh districts i.e., Dadu, Ghotki, Jacobabad, Kashmore, Khairpur Miras, Larkana, Naushahro Feroz, Qambar & Shahdadkot, Shikarpur, Sukkur. Seven species of Acrididae were under discussion i.e., (24%) followed by Acrida willemsei (19%), Truxalis eximia eximia (15%), Aiolopus thalassinus thalassinus (13%), Acrotylus longipes longipes (10%), Aiolopussimulatrix (10%) and Sphingonotus savignyi (09%) belong to 3 sub-families i.e., Acridinae, Oedipodinae and Oxyinae. Moreover, maximum number of specimens belonged to Oxyinae. The present study suggests the collection of multiple specimens from different geographical locations and the generation of more DNA barcode data would facilitate the actual diversity amongst this taxon.
Temperature dependent black phosphorus transistor and memory

We studied the temperature dependent transport properties and memory behaviour of ultrathin black phosphorus field-effect transistors. The devices show electrical conductance and field-effect mobility that decreases with the rising temperature. The field effect mobility, which depends also on the gate voltage sweep range, is 283 cm2V−1s−1 at 150 K and reduces to 33 cm2V−1s−1 at 340 K, when the voltage gate sweep range is ± 50 V. The transfer characteristics show a hysteresis width that increases with the temperature and is exploited to enable non-volatile memories with a wider programming window at higher temperatures.
Results of the South African Cloud-Seeding Experiments Using Hygroscopic Flares

A new method of seeding convective clouds for the purpose of augmenting rainfall is being developed in South Africa. Flares that produce small salt particles (0.5- mm mean diameter) are attached to the trailing edge of the wings of seeding aircraft and ignited in updrafts below the cloud base of convective storms. This method of delivery overcomes most of the difficulties encountered in the handling and the use of hygroscopic materials, difficulties that made seeding with ice nuclei (AgI) a more attractive option. The research that has led to the development of this new technique was prompted by an encounter with a storm with dramatically altered microphysics that was growing over a Kraft paper mill in the research area. Hygroscopic seeding flares were subsequently developed, and seeding trials began in October 1990. Successful seeding trials quickly led to the design and execution of a randomized convective cloud-seeding experiment, the results of which show convincing evidence of increases in the radar-measured rain mass from seeded storms when compared to the control or unseeded storms. Heightened reflectivities aloft seen by the real-time storm-tracking software and observed in the exploratory analysis raises the possibility of developing a radar-measured seeding algorithm that can recognize in almost real time a successful convective seeding event. The implications of such a development would have far-reaching effects on the conduct of future convective cloud-seeding experiments and operations. The authors’ seeding hypothesis postulates that the hygroscopic seeding at cloud base accelerates the growth of large hydrometeors in the treated clouds, which harvest more of the available supercooled water before it is expelled into the anvils by the strong updrafts that are a characteristic of the local storms, thereby increasing the efficiencyof the rainfall process. The validity of this hypothesis is supported by microphysical measurements made from an instrumented Learjet and the results of the randomized experiment, both of which are supported by numerical condensation‐coalescence calculations. There are also indications that the hygroscopic seeding may have an impact upon the dynamics of the treated storms, lengthening their lifetimes by strengthening the coupling of the updraft‐downdraft storm propagation mechanism. The apparent sensitivity of rainfall in convective clouds to the aerosol concentration, size, and chemical content may have climatic implications. Higher concentrations of small aerosols produced by pollution, biomass burning, etc., could adversely affect the efficiency of the rainfall process. The negative consequences of this effect would be magnified in regions that depend upon convective storms to provide the bulk of their annual rainfall.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: Treatments and Clinical Management

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major healthcare concern, especially for immune-compromised individuals and infants below 5 years of age. Worldwide, it is known to be associated with incidences of morbidity and mortality in infants. Despite the seriousness of the issue and continuous rigorous scientific efforts, no approved vaccine or available drug is fully effective against RSV. The purpose of this review article is to provide insights into the past and ongoing efforts for securing effective vaccines and therapeutics against RSV. The readers will be able to confer the mechanism of existing therapies and the loopholes that need to be overcome for future therapeutic development against RSV. A methodological approach was applied to collect the latest data and updated results regarding therapeutics and vaccine development against RSV. We outline the latest throughput vaccination technologies and prophylactic development efforts linked with RSV. A range of vaccination approaches with the already available vaccine (with limited use) and those undergoing trials are included. Moreover, important drug regimens used alone or in conjugation with adjuvants or vaccines are also briefly discussed. After reading this article, the audience will be able to understand the current standing of clinical management in the form of the vaccine, prophylactic, and therapeutic candidates against RSV. An understanding of the biological behavior acting as a reason behind the lack of effective therapeutics against RSV will also be developed. The literature indicates a need to overcome the limitations attached to RSV clinical management, drugs, and vaccine development that could be explained by dealing with the challenges of current study designs with continuous improvement and further work and approval on novel therapeutic applications.
Plasmonic Phenomena in Membrane Distillation

Water scarcity raises important concerns with respect to human sustainability and the preservation of important ecosystem functions. To satisfy water requirements, seawater desalination represents one of the most sustainable solutions. In recent decades, membrane distillation has emerged as a promising thermal desalination process that may help to overcome the drawbacks of traditional desalination processes. Nevertheless, in membrane distillation, the temperature at the feed membrane interface is significantly lower than that of the bulk feed water, due to the latent heat flux associated with water evaporation. This phenomenon, known as temperature polarization, in membrane distillation is a crucial issue that could be responsible for a decay of about 50% in the initial transmembrane water flux. The use of plasmonic nanostructures, acting as thermal hotspots in the conventional membranes, may improve the performance of membrane distillation units by reducing or eliminating the temperature polarization problem. Furthermore, an efficient conversion of light into heat offers new opportunities for the use of solar energy in membrane distillation. This work summarizes recent developments in the field of plasmonic-enhanced solar evaporation with a particular focus on solar-driven membrane distillation applications and its potential prospects.
pH‐sensitive properties of barium strontium titanate (BST) thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique

pH‐sensitive properties of barium strontium titanate (BST) high‐k thin films as alternative gate material for field‐effect capacitive (bio‐)chemical sensors based on an electrolyte‐insulator‐semiconductor system have been investigated. The BST films of different compositions (Ba0.31Sr0.69TiO3, Ba0.25Sr0.75TiO3 and Mg‐doped Ba0.8Sr0.2Mg0.1Ti0.9O3) were deposited by pulsed laser deposition technique from targets fabricated by self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis. The realised sensors have been electrochemically characterised by means of impedance‐spectroscopy, capacitance–voltage and constant‐capacitance method. The sensors possess a Nernstian‐like pH sensitivity in the concentration range between pH 3 and 11 with a response time of 5–10 s. An equivalent circuit model for the BST‐based capacitive field‐effect sensor is discussed.
Tectonic control on travertine and silica sinter deposition in oceanic transform-fault setting: the case of the Lýsuskarð volcano-geothermal area, Snæfellsnes Peninsula, Iceland

ABSTRACT Deposition of terrestrial carbonate (i.e. travertine) and silica sinter in geothermal areas is always closely linked to the presence of relevant crustal structures which enhance the permeability in the upper crust favouring the upflow of fluids to the surface. Most travertine deposits are originated by geothermal fluids stored within carbonate reservoirs in continental crust, and their morphology and areal distribution provide useful information on geometry, kinematics, and age of faults which control the fluid flow. In this paper, we focus on the tectonic control on a travertine depositional system, associated with silica sinter, developing in oceanic crust, in the Lýsuskarð volcano-geothermal area on the Snæfellsnes Peninsula, West Iceland. The presence of HCO3 and Ca in the geothermal fluids is related to chemical-physical processes linked to fluid–rock interaction that occurs in the geothermal reservoir made up of tholeiitic basalt, by fluids enriched in CO2 of deep origin (i.e. magmatic). Travertine deposits consist of mounds and slopes, which are still in formation and overlie the silica sinter deposits. Both sinter and travertine deposits derive from thermal springs aligned according to two trends: NNE-SSW and WNW-ESE. This evidence suggests the occurrence of buried, permeable, and thus active faults, which control the circulation of fluids containing HCO3 and Ca. Faults are near parallel to those which define the rift systems and transform zones in Iceland, and probably comprise the still active sector of the abandoned transform zone that, starting with the Snæfellsnes Peninsula, interrupts eastward the northern continuation of the western and eastern rift-zones in the south-central Iceland. In this setting, we refer, for the first time, travertine and silica sinter deposition to an oceanic active crustal structure.
Parallel and heralded multiqubit entanglement generation for quantum networks

Quantum networks involving multiqubit entanglement allow exciting applications in quantum communication, quantum sensing, and distributed quantum computation. The efﬁciency of nonlocal entanglement generation through optical channels drops exponentially with the distance between network nodes. We present a parallel and heralded protocol for generating distributed multiqubit entanglement across multiple nodes. This is achieved by using a high-dimensional single photon that works as a common-data bus connecting all stationary qubits (i.e., silicon-vacancy electron spins), each of which is coupled to a single-sided optical cavity. Parallel multiqubit entangled states are heralded by the detection of the single photon after it interacts with each stationary qubit and passes through each photonic modulation circuit. This parallel protocol can signiﬁcantly improve the efﬁciency of distributed entanglement generation and provides a viable route towards distributed multinode quantum networks.
Habitat and not topographic heterogeneity constrains the range sizes of African mammals

The extinction risks of species are influenced by their geographical range sizes, as species with smaller ranges are more likely to go extinct following disturbance events. Theoretically, heterogeneous landscapes can maintain small‐ranged species, because they facilitate the coexistence of taxa that are each constrained to distinct abiotic conditions. However, we do not fully understand whether this process is more attributable to variation in habitat types (habitat heterogeneity) or physical elevations (topographic heterogeneity) across landscapes. Here, we compare the influences of habitat versus topographic heterogeneity on mammalian range sizes in Africa.