Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review: Screening for vulnerability to psychological disorders in the military: an historical survey

Objectives: To evaluate attempts in the military to screen for vulnerability to psychological disorders from World War I to the present. Methods: An extensive literature review was conducted by hand-searching leading medical and psychological journals relating to World Wars I and II. Recent publications were surveyed electronically and UK archives investigated for British applications. Results: Despite the optimism shown in World War I and the concerted efforts of World War II, followup studies showed that screening programmes did not succeed in reducing the incidence of psychological casualties. Furthermore, they had a counter-productive effect on manpower, often rejecting men who would have made good soldiers. Continued experimentation with screening methods for psychiatric vulnerability failed to yield convincing results during the post-war period. Conclusions: Although well-measured variables, such as intelligence, have been shown to predict success in training and aptitude, no instrument has yet been identified which can accurately assess psychological vulnerability. Previous attempts have failed because of false-positives, false-negatives and reluctance in the target population because of stigma. Early findings suggest that psychological surveillance, if not screening, may yield valuable results when applied to military populations exposed to stress.
Journal of Health Economics

We study how patient-regarding altruism is formed by medical education. We elicit and structurally estimate altruistic preferences using experimental data from a large sample of medical students ( 𝑁 = 733) in Germany at different progress stages in their studies. The estimates reveal substantial heterogeneity in altruistic preferences of medical students. Patient-regarding altruism is highest for freshmen, significantly declines for students in the course of medical studies, and tends to increase again for last year students, who assist in clinical practice. Also, patient-regarding altruism is higher for females and positively associated to general altruism. Altruistic medical students have gained prior practical experience in healthcare, have lower income expectations, and are more likely to choose surgery and pediatrics as their preferred specialty
Mostly Concurrent Garbage Collection

Automated Garbage Collection (GC) is desired for many applications due to difficulties with manual memory management. Conventional tracing garbage collectors require a complete halt of the program while unreachable objects are detected and reclaimed. However, the resulting increased latency is not always tolerable. This paper gives an introduction into GC fundamentals before thoroughly explaining and discussing the mostly concurrent mark-and-sweep algorithm presented in [8]. The approach is based on the principle of combining a concurrent marking phase with a short stop-the-world pause to process modifications which occurred simultaneously. Additionally, the influence of this concept on modern garbage collectors on the Java Virtual Machine is reviewed.
the impact of a defender role-play intervention on adolescent’s defender responses towards

Researchers and anti-bullying organisations have increasingly turned their attention to the role of bystanders in tackling bullying and peer victimisation (e.g. name-calling). The objective of this study was to develop and assess the impact of a role-play programme designed to strengthen adolescent’s defending behaviour to name-calling. This was measured in two contexts: defending intentions in an outgroup name-calling scenario and cyber-defender behaviour in a scripted online peer interaction. Participants ( N =121, M age=12.90 years) were randomly assigned to either a role-play condition or a control condition. Results showed that defender intentions in an outgroup name-calling scenario were higher in the role-play condition, compared to the control; in addition, cyber-defender behaviour was more likely and quicker in the role-play condition, compared to the control. Defender self-efficacy was found to be significantly higher in the role-play condition, and mediated the effect of the role-play programme on defender intentions. Findings also revealed that defender intentions were positively correlated with cyber-defender behaviour, highlighting a link between intentions and behaviour. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
in Emerging Asian

Purpose: In this paper we aim to assess insurance demand across selected Asian and OECD countries during the period of the global financial crisis. Methodology: We collected data from 55 emerging Asian and OECD countries during the period of the global financial crisis. Our methodology relies on panel regressions. Separate models are run for the Asia/OECD economies and a follow-up distinction between high/low income regions is also made. Findings: We find that global financial crisis affects negatively the general insurance demand particularly in high-income region. Higher dependency ratio in Asia tends to decrease insurance demand, whereas Education in case of Asia positively influences insurance demand indicating that higher literacy rate can be helpful to capture the potential customers. Our results further reveal that life insurance is an important driver for insurance demand in OECD countries whereas general insurance demand is higher in the Asian economies. Research Limitation: A limitation of this study is that data sets employed do not differentiate between different life and general insurance products. Practical Implications: This study is helpful for regulators, policy makers and insurance providers to evaluate, assess and monitor insurance demand in relevant countries. Originality: This is one of the pioneering studies that have assessed insurance demand among emerging Asian and OECD countries during the period of the global financial crisis.
A comparison of the projected and the perceived image of Cyprus.

The purpose of this research is to identify and compare the projected and perceived images of Cyprus following repositioning. Secondary sources such as brochures, advertising campaigns and tourism websites were used to identify the projected image and a survey was performed to measure the perceived image. Questionnaires including closed and open-ended questions evaluating destination attributes and perceived image were disseminated to 393 British tourists. The research identified the differences between the two concepts, revealing that the marketing strategy of Cyprus has not managed to enhance destination image. The paper concludes with recommendations on marketing Cyprus tourism.
Evaluating enterprise resource planning (ERP) post implementation problems in Egypt: Findings from case studies of governmental, multinational and private Egyptian organisations

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) has been described as a business system supported by software that enables an organization to manage the efficient and effective use of an enterprise’s materials and resources by providing an integrated system for the enterprise’s needs (Beheshti, 2006; Ehie and Madsen, 2005). Despite the significant benefits that ERP systems provide, fewer than 30% of ERP projects are successfully implemented, i.e. projects completed on time and on budget with all features and functions operating as specified (Wallace and Kremzar, 2001; Iskanius, 2009). Reasons underlying unsuccessful implementation include: dealing with ERP solely as software and not as a system; the inability to adopt a new organizational policy to implement ERP or to cope with the changes created by ERP; projects going over budget; projects being terminated before the implementation begins; and failure to achieve the planned objectives (Shah et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2003). The ERP life cycle can be divided simply into three main stages; the pre-Implementation; during Implementation; and after Go-Live or post-implementation phase. The post-implementation stage in a system’s life cycle constitutes a number of processes that are critical for the system’s success. Following the implementation of the system, an organization engages in a number of activities, such as post-implementation review, support and maintenance, in order to minimize the risks of failure of ERP projects (Nicolaou, 2012).
Network Revenue Management with Online Inverse Batch Gradient Descent Method

We consider a general class of price-based network revenue management problems that a fi rm aims to maximize revenue from multiple products produced with multiple types of resources endowed with limited inventory over a finite selling season. A salient feature of our problem is that the firm does not know the underlying demand function that maps prices to demand rate, which must be learned from sales data. It is well known that for almost all classes of demand functions, such as linear, exponential, multinomial logit and nested logit models, the revenue rate function is not concave in the products' prices but is concave in products' market shares (or price-controlled demand rates). This creates challenges in adopting any stochastic gradient descent based methods in the price space. We propose a novel nonparametric learning algorithm termed online inverse batch gradient descent (IGD) algorithm. This algorithm proceeds in batches. In each batch, the firm implements each product's perturbed prices, and then uses the sales information to estimate the market shares. Leveraging these estimates, the fi rm carries out a stochastic gradient descent step in the market share space that takes into account the relative inventory scarcity for the entire horizon, and then inversely maps the updated market shares back to the price space to obtain the prices for the next batch. Moreover, we also propose an inventory adjusted algorithm (IGD-I) that the feasible market share set is dynamically adjusted to capture the real-time relative inventory scarcity for the remaining season. For the large scale systems wherein all resources' inventories and the length of the horizon are proportionally scaled by a parameter k, we establish a dimension-independent regret bound of O(k^{4/5} log k). This result is independent of the number of products and resources and works for a continuum action-set prices and the demand functions that are only once differentiable. Our theoretical result guarantees the efficacy of both algorithms in the high dimensional systems where the number of products or resources is large and the prices are continuous. Our algorithms also numerically outperform the existing algorithms in the literature.
C-block: A system for learning motor plans with perceptual consequences

—In this paper we present a connectionist model of sequence learning, chunking and planning called C-block. C-block is a fragment of a complex architecture for modeling cognitive development, embodied in a virtual baby simulator BabyX. We illustrate its operation in a drawing scenario, in which the system learns sequences (chunks) of motor gestures together with visual images they produced. The learned representation allows recognition of a plan from a partially drawn shape, individual and collaborative drawing, and drawing a picture by evoking several partial plans. C-block is based on a modiﬁed version of the self-organizing map (SOM) that allows fast learning, approximate queries and Bayesian inference.
Major and trace element characterization of Oceanic Anoxic 1 Event 1 d ( OAE 1 d ) : Insight from the Umbria-Marche Basin , 2 central Italy 3

11 The Pialli Level in the Umbria-Marche Basin (central Italy) correlates with the 12 lowermost part of the positive carbon isotopic excursion characterizing the late Albian–early 13 Cenomanian Oceanic Anoxic Event 1d (OAE 1d). High-resolution litho-, bioand 14 chemostratigraphic data from the Monte Petrano and Le Brecce sections allow for a bed15 by-bed comparison of the two successions, and discriminate local from basin-scale signals. 16 We present new X-ray fluorescence, ICP-MS and TOC data for both the limestones and the 17 Pialli Level shales integrated with available carbonate carbon isotopes and nannofossil 18 temperature and nutrient indices. Data indicate a homogenous background sedimentation 19 dominated by pelagic carbonates, biogenic silica with little contribution by clays. The limited 20 variation in lithogenic elements points to an essentially homogeneous detrital source area 21 with limited fluvial terrigenous input. Higher Mn concentrations coupled with low enrichments 22 in redox-sensitive elements, such as U, Fe, S, Re, Mo, Ag, suggest that the Pialli Level 23 shales represent temporary suboxia without reaching anoxia. Furthermore, P, authigenic 24 Ba, Cd and Ni enrichments, together with nannofossil nutrient index indicate generally low 25 primary productivity conditions along the entire succession, with only minor increases for 26
Genetic and individual variabilities of digestion parameters in pigs and poultry

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Genetic and individual variabilities of digestion parameters in pigs and poultry Bernard B. Carré, Herve H. Juin, Sandrine Mignon-Grasteau, Bernard Sève
Dynamical model and analysis of malware propagation on the dynamically-deployed heterogeneous honeynet

A novel malware propagation model is suggested in this paper. Contrary to existing models for malware spreading under the deployed honeynet, honeypots in our model can be dynamically deployed according to the overall infection size within the network. The basic reproduction number that determines the persistence of malware is derived, and the existence and uniqueness of the malware equilibrium are investigated. Using the basic reproduction number, we proved that the malware-free equilibrium is locally and globally asymptotically stable. Numerical simulations are performed to illustrate the theoretical results, showing that nodes with higher degree values are conducive to the spread of malware, and network with a small power law index has a higher spreading level. Furthermore, the total number of needed honeypots is governed by both infection size and network topology. Based on the results, some ideas for the effective design of a honeynet are suggested.
NOVEL PHYTOCHEMICALS-BASED CELL CULTURE MEDIUM MITIGATES NATURAL KILLER (NK) CELLULAR EXHAUSTION AND ENHANCES MATURE SUBPOPULATIONS, LEADING TO HIGHER ANTICANCER CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY

Background The biological significance of the mitigation of NK cell dysfunction (exhaustion and/or anergy and/or senescence) is increased potential for solid tumor infiltration by NK cells, as well as decreased dysfunction of NK cells in the tumor microenvironment. 1,2 Enable-NK, a novel phytochemi-cals-based culture medium that increases the cytotoxic activity of NK cells, has been previously demonstrated to mitigate cellular exhaustion in the NK cell line KHYG-1, as illustrated by the consistent downregulation of several exhaustion biomarkers (e.g. Tim-3, TIGIT, NKG2A). We evaluated the mitigation of exhaustion in human primary NK cells by culturing them in Enable-NK. Methods Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) were isolated from fresh buffy coats using density gradient centrifugation, and NK cells were enriched to ~90% purity using magnetic separation. Media conditions used were Enable-NK (DMEM/F12 supplemented with proprietary ingredients) or control (DMEM/F12). Cocultures were set up with K562-GFP target cells, undisturbed for several days using a 24-well G-Rex plate. Propidium iodide (PI) staining was used for cytotoxicity determination, and a panel of 12 antibodies for cellular exhaustion and subpopulation determination using surface biomarkers. Results Several endpoints illustrate mitigation of cellular exhaustion when NK cells are cultured in Enable-NK media. Cell surface exhaustion markers (e.g. Tim-3, TIGIT, NKG2A) are consistently lower, and cytotoxicity-activating receptors (e. g. NKp46) trend higher with the use of Enable-NK media (
Quality of surface water and ground water in the proposed artificial-recharge project area, Rillito Creek basin, Tucson, Arizona, 1994

Controlled artificial recharge of surface runoff is being considered as a water-management technique to address the problem of ground-water overdraft. The planned use of recharge facilities in urban areas has caused concern about the quality of urban runoff to be recharged and the potential for ground-water contamination. The proposed recharge facility in Rillito Creek will utilize runoff entering a 1-mile reach of the Rillito Creek between Craycroft Road and Swan Road for infiltration and recharge purposes within the channel and excavated overbank areas. Physical and chemical data were collected from two surface-water and two ground-water sites in the study area in 1994. Analyses of surface-water samples were done to determine the occurrence and concentration of potential contaminants and to determine changes in quality since samples were collected during 1987 93. Analyses of ground-water samples were done to determine the variability of ground-water quality at the monitoring wells throughout the year and to determine changes in quality since samples were collected in 1989 and 1993. Surface-water samples were collected from Tanque Verde Creek at Sabino Canyon Road (streamflow-gaging station Tanque Verde Creek at Tucson, 09484500) and from Alamo Wash at Fort Lowell Road in September and May 1994, respectively. Ground-water samples were collected from monitoring wells (D-13-14)26cbb2 and (D-13-14)26dcb2 in January, May, July, and October 1994. In surface water, calcium was the dominant cation, and bicarbonate was the dominant anion. In ground water, calcium and sodium were the dominant cations and bicarbonate was the dominant anion. Surface water in the area is soft, and ground water is moderately hard to hard. In surface water and ground water, nitrogen was found predominantly as nitrate. Concentrations of manganese in ground-water samples ranged from 60 to 230 micrograms per liter and exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary maximum contaminant level for drinking water of 50 micrograms per liter. None of the constituents in surface-water and ground-water samples exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary maximum contaminant levels for drinking water or State of Arizona aquifer water-quality standards. Concentrations of major ions, nutrients, and trace elements in water from the monitoring wells did not vary significantly throughout the year and were not significantly different from concentrations in samples collected in March 1989 and January and September 1993. Priority pollutants were not found in surface-water samples or ground-water samples, and organochlorine pesticides were not found in ground-water samples. Dieldrin and biphenyl polychlor were the only pesticides found in surface water and were at the minimum reporting levels in one sample from Alamo Wash.
Rappresentazioni e sperimentazione dell'ecoturismo tra i giovani turisti

La presente ricerca si e proposta di indagare il fenomeno ecoturistico tra i giovani turisti. Sara presentata una panoramica su come i giovani si recano in vacanza e se conoscono e hanno mai praticato l'ecoturismo. Parole chiave : Ecoturismo, giovani, turismo. Abstract: The present research aim at study the ecotourism p henomenon within young tourists. It will be presented an overview about th eir tourist practices and how they know or they practice ecotourism eventually. Keywords : Ecotourism, young, tourism. Introduzione
The 2002 Great Lakes Winter Experiment (GLAWEX 2002): three dimentional mapping of the Great Lakes ice cover

In his recommendations for Great Lakes ice research, [Marshall, 1966] concludes that "studies are needed to classify Great Lakes ice types, their distribution and drift during the winter, and the subtle changes in albedo and imagery which mark the gradual disintegration of the ice and the imminent breakup. " Early investigations by various researchers were conducted to classify and categorize ice types and features [Chase, 1972; Bryan, 1975], to map ice distribution [McMillan and Forsyth, 1976; Leshkevich, 1976], and to monitor and attempt to forecast ice movement with remotely sensed data [Strong, 1973; McGinnis and Schneider, 1978; Rumer et al.,1979; Schneider et al., 1981]. Most of the early research on Great Lakes ice cover was done by visual interpretation of satellite and other remotely sensed data [Rondy, 1971; Schertler et al., 1975; Wartha, 1977]. Because of the size and extent of the Great Lakes and the variety of ice types found there, the timely and objective qualities inherent in computer processing of satellite data make it well suited for such studies. Moreover, the all-weather, day/night sensing capabilities of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) make it well suited to the short daylight, cloud dominated winter conditions in the Great Lakes region.
A General Statistical Analysis for fMRI Data

We propose a method for the statistical analysis of fMRI data that seeks a compromise between efficiency, generality, validity, simplicity, and execution speed. The main differences between this analysis and previous ones are: a simple bias reduction and regularization for voxel-wise autoregressive model parameters; the combination of effects and their estimated standard deviations across different runs/sessions/subjects via a hierarchical random effects analysis using the EM algorithm; overcoming the problem of a small number of runs/session/subjects using a regularized variance ratio to increase the degrees of freedom.
Extract: Informing Microservice Extraction Decisions From the Bottom-up (DRAFT: August 21, 2023)

Microservice architectures are a popular approach for modernizing legacy monolithic systems. However, transforming an existing monolith into microservices is a complex task for developers. In practice, developers typically perform the decomposition iteratively, extracting one service at a time. Unfortunately, most existing tools do not adequately support such extraction tasks, as they aim to transform a monolith into microservices architecture at once. This paper presents Extract, a prototype tool that aligns with the developer’s individual workflow for performing a single microservice extraction task. Extract empowers developers to analyze the particular classes and methods within the monolith that they intend to migrate to a new microservice. Moreover, it offers human-in-the-loop support, allowing developers to make well-informed decisions regarding the extraction process and explore alternative designs. We evaluate Extract with four case studies involving open-source monolithic applications. These studies serve to demonstrate how the approach aids developers in making practical decisions during the extraction process. Furthermore, we compare the outcomes of Extract’s service designs with manually decomposed microservices for further analysis.