Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interpolation Technique for Fast Analysis of Surface Acoustic Wave and Lamb Wave Devices

In this paper we present an interpolation scheme that allows for a fast simulation of the frequency response of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) or Lamb wave device. Especially novel SH and Lamb wave resonators using edge-type reflectors require a very high frequency resolution to observe spurious modes with reduced coupling compared to the main mode. The proposed method does not reduce the model complexity or accuracy of the output, but improves the computation speed of up to 100 times, depending on the implementation.
The Helicoid versus the Catenoid: Geometrically Induced Bifurcations

The minimal surfaces bounded by a frame formed of a double helix and two horizontal rods are studied. The vibration equation shows that the helicoid is the stable surface when its winding number is small. The catenoid is locally isometric to the helicoid so that their vibration spectra are strongly related. While the catenoid is known to undergo a discontinuous transition to two disks, the helicoid is shown to become unstable through a continuous transition to a ribbon-shaped surface obtained experimentally, numerically, and analytically in the limit of infinite height. The normal forms of the bifurcations confirm the analysis.
Kinetics of solid phase epitaxy in thick amorphous Si layers formed by MeV ion implantation

The kinetics of solid phase epitaxy (SPE) have been measured in MeV ion‐implanted amorphous Si layers up to 5 μm thick. Epitaxial crystallization in these layers occurs at a constant rate throughout the entire film, without loss of interface planarity or competition from random nucleation or twin formation. The activation energy for SPE in thick layers is found to be 2.70 eV, in excellent agreement with the value determined previously in much thinner films. The SPE kinetics are shown not to depend on the implant dose for doses up to 1000 times the threshold for amorphization. The presence of water vapor in the annealing ambient during SPE results in the indiffusion of hydrogen and a concomitant reduction of the SPE growth rate at distances as great as 2 μm from the surface. This effect may have important implications for the development of a microscopic model of the SPE process in silicon.
Daytime Mixed Layer over the Santiago Basin: Description of Two Years of Observations with a Lidar Ceilometer

Abstract Two years of high-resolution backscatter profiles obtained with a commercial lidar ceilometer in Santiago Basin (33.5°S, 70.6°W) are analyzed. The generally large aerosol load in the Santiago atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) facilitates the use of these backscatter profiles for the retrieval of the daytime mixed layer height (MH), especially around midday. In winter mornings, however, MH retrievals are frequently confused by upper residual aerosol layers, while in summer afternoons very low aerosol concentrations often preclude them. Based on a database formed with successful MH retrievals over Santiago, the hourly, synoptic, and seasonal variability of clear-day MHs are documented. Daytime growth rates of MH show typical values of 50 m h−1 in winter and 100 m h−1 in summer. MHs at 1200 LT (UTC − 4 h) present a fourfold change between the cold months (MH ∼200 m) and the warm months (MH ∼800 m). Interquartile ranges of the monthly distributions of MH are about 200 m, with little change along the s.
Optimization of Flow Shop Scheduling Problem Using Differential Evolution and Variable Neighborhood Search

This paper proposed a new differential evolution algorithm based on variable neighbourhood search which is called as VNSDE. In VNSDE, the operation of variable neighbourhood search is performed after three basic operations of differential evolution, which can enhance the global search and improve the convergence. VNSDE is applied for solving ﬂow shop scheduling problem with the makespan criterion. Computational experiment is performed over a typical FSSP benchmark using VNSDE, GA and DE, and result shows that VNSDE has higher performance than GA and DE.
Unsteady Flow Computations of a Slat with a Blunt Trailing Edge

A detailed computational study of a high-lift configuration was conducted to understand the source mechanism behind a dominant acoustic tone observed in recent experiments on slat noise. The unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computations focused on accurate simulation of the local flowfield of a slat with a blunt trailing edge. At a slat deflection angle of 30 deg relative to the main element, the simulations revealed the presence of strong vortex shedding behind the slat trailing edge. The resulting flow unsteadiness produced large-amplitude acoustic waves propagating away from the trailing-edge region. The local spatial resolution of the computed solution was sufficiently fine to capture both the near-field structure and propagation direction of the generated sound. The calculated shedding frequency is in good agreement with the measured acoustic frequencies obtained at NASA Langley Research Center's Low Turbulence Pressure Tunnel. In contrast, computational results at a slat deflection angle of 20 deg indicated that the shedding process was severely damped, and, therefore, in agreement with the corresponding acoustic measurements during the experiment. There was no evidence of a strong acoustic source near the trailing edge at this lower slat deflection.
Spectroscopic and laser characteristics of Ti:Al2O3

Spectroscopic measurements and laser performance of Ti:Al2O3 are discussed in detail. Data on absorption and fluorescence spectra and fluorescence lifetime as a function of temperature are presented. Laser characteristics observed with pulsed-dye-laser, frequency-doubled Nd:YAG-laser, and argon-ion-laser pumping are covered and show that nearly quantum-limited conversion of pump radiation can be achieved, along with tuning over the wavelength range 660–986 nm.
Design and development of carbon nanostructure-based microbolometers for IR imagers and sensors

EO/IR Sensors and imagers using nanostructure based materials are being developed for a variety of Defense Applications. In this paper, we will discuss recent modeling effort and the experimental work under way for development of next generation carbon nanostructure based infrared detectors and arrays. We will discuss detector concepts that will provide next generation high performance, high frame rate, and uncooled nano-bolometer for MWIR and LWIR bands. The critical technologies being developed include carbon nanostructure growth, characterization, optical and electronic properties that show the feasibility for IR detection. Experimental results on CNT nanostructures will be presented. We will discuss the path forward to demonstrate enhanced IR sensitivity and larger arrays.
Bifurcation in axisymmetric Czochralski natural convection

Numerical simulations using a finite volume method with primitive variables formulation are presented for a natural convection flow in the Czochralski melt. In the limit of very small Prandtl numbers it is shown that unsteadiness appears in the form of regular oscillations for sufficiently high values of the Rayleigh number. Such regular oscillations are preceded by a multicell motion structure in the melt, with flow separation at the wall. The critical value of the Rayleigh number for the onset of the oscillations is determined by carrying out a series of time dependent calculations.
Real-time adaptive observation guidance using singular vectors for Typhoon Jangmi (200815) in T-PARC 2008

AbstractIn this study, structures of real-time adaptive observation guidance provided by Yonsei University (YSU) in South Korea during The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX)-Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC) are presented and compared with those of no-lead-time adaptive observation guidance recalculated as well as other adaptive observation guidance for a tropical cyclone (Jangmi 200815). During the T-PARC period, real-time dry total energy (TE) singular vectors (SVs) based on the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) and the corresponding tangent linear and adjoint models with a Lanczos algorithm are provided by YSU to help determine sensitive regions for targeted observations. While YSU provided the real-time TESV guidance based on a mesoscale model, other institutes provided real-time TESV guidance based on global models. The overall features of the real-time MM5 TESVs were similar to those gen.
Six Balmer-dominated supernova remnants

Spectra of six Balmer-dominated SNRs are examined: the Galactic SNR of SN 1572 and SN 1006, the LMC SNR 0505-67.9, 0509-67.5, 0519-69.0, and 0548-70.4. A shock velocity is derived for each SNR with broad H-alpha and a possible lower limit of the shock velocity in 0509-67.5. Models are used which show that the use of the ratio of broad to narrow intensity as an indicator of shock velocity is not reliable. The observed intensity ratios do not correspond to either the commonly assumed case of no equilibration or to the other extreme of total equilibration. Distances to the filaments in SN 1572 and SN 1006 of 1.5-3.1 kpc and 1.4-2.8 kpc, respectively, are obtained. The ages are estimated to range from about 10,000 yr for 0505-67.9 and 0548-70.4 to less than 1500 yr for the small SNR 0509-67.5 and 0519-69.0. l. These two young SNR bring the number of SNe in the LMC to at least five in the past 1500 yr, making the SN rate per unit luminosity comparable to that reported for late spiral galaxies. 40 refs.
FORBIDDEN LINES OF IONIZED CALCIUM IN THE SPECTRUM OF Υ SAGITTARII

On October 20, 1942 while photographing the spectra offaint dwarf stars at the 100-inch telescope, a star near BD+ 30°4824 (1900 a 22 47^3, Ô +31° 12', mag. 9.3) was observed by mistake. It is 10 preceding and V north of the BD star and about 2 magnitudes fainter. Its spectrum is dM3e. The emission lines of hydrogen and calcium (H and K) are strong. The absorption lines indicate a visual absolute magnitude of +1.1. -0 with a corresponding approximate parallax of 0'/08. Unpublished preliminary measures from McCormick Observatory parallax plates indicate that the proper motion of the new dwarf is 0'/49 in 97°, while that of BD+30°4824 is O'/SO in 219°. The two stars are evidently not physical companions, the new dwarf having about twice the parallax of BD+30°4824 and a proper motion in quite a different direction.
Feasibility of atomic layer etching of polymer material based on sequential O2 exposure and Ar low-pressure plasma-etching

We describe controlled, self-limited etching of a polystyrene polymer using a composite etching cycle consisting of sequential deposition of a thin reactive layer from precursors produced from a polymer-coated electrode within the etching chamber, modification using O2 exposure, and subsequent low-pressure Ar plasma etching, which removes the oxygen-modified deposited reactive layer along with ≈0.1 nm unmodified polymer. Deposition prevents net etching of the unmodified polymer during the etching step and enables self-limited etch rates of 0.1 nm/cycle.
The Shape of the Galaxy

The mechanisms responsible for the deviation from circular symmetry in the emission from the outermost atomic H gas of the Galaxy, as seen in the 21-cm survey of the Galactic plane by Weaver and Williams (1974), are investigated theoretically. The analysis of this data set and the construction of a triaxial spheroid model to account for the observations are explained, and it is concluded (1) that the deviations are due to the quadrupole term in the gravitational potential, (2) that the local standard of rest is moving radially outward at velocity 14 km/sec with respect to the most distant H I gas, and (3) that the ellipticity of gas streamlines decreases with increasing distance from the Galactic center, so that (4) the outermost gas is moving in nearly circular orbits. The predictions of the triaxial spheroid model and specific observed features are compared in detail and illustrated with graphs and diagrams. 72 refs.
SELF-EVALUATION SCORES OF HEARING DIFFICULTIES AND QUALITY OF LIFE COMPONENTS AMONG RETIRED WORKERS WITH NOISE-RELATED HEARING LOSS

Abstract This study is intended to clarify the relationships between hearing loss caused both by noise exposure and aging and self-rated scores of hearing disabilities and to elucidate the structure of the quality of life (QOL) determinants and their moderating conditions among retired workers with noise-related hearing loss. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: background questions, the hearing disabilities and handicap scale (HDHS), and questions regarding QOL covering five areas, self-rated health, personal health practice, social support network, life satisfaction, and life events. Two hundred ten retired workers aged 56–65 years old (60·6±1·6) with noise-related hearing loss responded to our questionnaire. All were previously engaged in noise exposed work such as shipbuilding, steel and woodwork. According to the hearing disability score (DIS score), subjects were divided into three groups and comparisons were made of the hearing handicap score (HD score) among those groups. Although groups with a higher DIS score showed a higher HD score, a large individual difference in HD score was observed in each of the three groups with the same DIS score level. The results of multiple regression analysis including two variables (life satisfaction and HD score) as the dependent variables and seven variables as the independent variables showed that the strongest explanatory variable for life satisfaction was social support network, followed by handicaps caused by hearing disabilities, self-rated health and personal health practice. It was demonstrated that hearing disabilities and handicap measured by the Japanese version of the HDHS were directly associated with the deterioration in QOL. Measures of the social support network, life satisfaction, and hearing disabilities and handicaps may assist in the detection of workers who can be targeted for a variety of interventions, such as audiological rehabilitation or the creation of a barrier-free community that is supportive of the hearing impaired.
Imaging spectrophotometry of ionized gas in NGC 1068. II, Global ionization of the inner disk

Spectrophotometric observations with the Hawaii Imaging Fabry-Perot Interferometer of the Hα and [N II] λλ6548, 6584 lines has detected a diffuse ionized medium pervading the inner ∼10 kpc diameter disk of the nearby, luminous Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068. The physics and dynamics of this energetic gas are distinct from the population of adjacent disk H II regions. The [N II] and CO line dispersions indicate that the diffuse ionized medium is distended to a much larger scale height than the molecular disk.
A GAUGE-INVARIANT FLUID DESCRIPTION OF PRIMORDIAL DENSITY FLUCTUATIONS OF COLLISIONLESS PARTICLES

Formulas are derived for describing the evolution of fluctuations in the density of collisionless particles in the expanding universe using the gauge-invariant fluid description. The formulas use the “gauge-invariant” variables proposed by Bardeen to describe cosmological perturbations. These variables are hydrodynamic in nature and we show the behavior of the equations when the particles have streaming lengths large compared to the scales of interest. We also show how these equations couple gravitationally when other species of matter are present in significant densities. Using the “fourteen moment” approximation for the particle distribution function, we get a simple set of ordinary differential equations which are much easier to use than a direct integration of the Boltzmann equation. This formulation is especially useful when we are considering universes with more than one cosmologically significant component of matter density. An example of a numerical integration of the evolution equations is presented for comparison of this method to other work. A formula for calculating fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background radiation is also given.
A LEARNING MODEL FOR ROUTING IN TELEPHONE NETWORKS

The aim of this paper is to develop a theory of adaptive routing in telephone networks using learning methods. A mathematical model of the network with slow-learning algorithms distributed at various nodes is presented. The algorithms update the routing probabilities on the basis of network feedback information (like call blocking or completion) only. Convergence of the routing strategies is established. Two linear updating algorithms, under certain conditions, are shown to have desirable equilibrium behavior like load equalization and minimum blocking probability for the entire network.
from newton's moon to einstein's moon

Three centuries ago Isaac Newton and his contemporaries sought to understand the details of lunar motion in terms of Newton's theory of gravity. Today, our most precise confirmations of key aspects of Albert Einstein's relativistic theory of gravity are achieved by measuring features of the Moon's orbit to 1‐centimeter precision using a technique known as lunar laser ranging (LLR). These present‐day measurements address some of the same questions posed by Newton. Do Earth and the Moon (figure 1) fall toward the Sun at the same rate? What, in detail, produces the precession of the lunar orbit's major axis?
Radiative Cooling of Warm Molecular Gas

We consider the radiative cooling of warm (T >= 100 K), fully molecular astrophysical gas by rotational and vibrational transitions of the molecules H2O, CO, and H2. Using an escape probability method to solve for the molecular level populations, we have obtained the cooling rate for each molecule as a function of temperature, density, and an optical depth parameter. A four-parameter expression proves useful in fitting the run of cooling rate with density for any fixed values of the temperature and optical depth parameter. We identify the various cooling mechanisms which are dominant in different regions of the astrophysically relevant parameter space. Given the assumption that water is very abundant in warm regions of the interstellar medium, H2O rotational transitions are found to dominate the cooling of warm interstellar gas over a wide portion of the parameter space considered. While chemical models for the interstellar medium make the strong prediction that water will be produced copiously at temperatures above a few hundred degrees, our assumption of a high water abundance has yet to be tested observationally. The Infrared Space Observatory and the Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite will prove ideal instruments for testing whether water is indeed an important coolant of interstellar and circumstellar gas.
Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of 11 Main-Belt Asteroids

We present mid-infrared (8–13 � m) spectra of 11 main-belt asteroids: 1 Ceres, 3 Juno, 7 Iris, 11 Parthenope, 20 Massalia, 24 Themis, 41 Daphne, 42 Isis, 44 Nysa, 67 Asia, and 88 Thisbe. This paper makes the first report on the mid-infrared spectrum for 5 asteroids. Our observation was conducted with Michelle on UKIRT. The modified Standard Thermal Model (STM) has provided a slightly better fit to the observed spectra than the model without any modification. For 1 Ceres, we detected an emission feature that surpasses the thermal continuum by 6.2˙1.1%. For the other 10 asteroids, no feature has been detected above their observational errors. However, their S=N ratios are sufficient to only detect 6% emission excess. As the causes of the observed spectral distinction, we examine possible (1) chemical and (2) physical differences on the surfaces of the asteroids: (1) 1 Ceres has silicates with a lower degree of polymerization than do the other asteroids; (2a) the dominant grain size on 1 Ceres is nearer to 200 � m, and probably smaller than that on the other asteroids; (2b) In addition, 1 Ceres has very small (< 5 � m) grains on its surface, while the other asteroids have grains that are moderately small, but larger than on 1 Ceres. In either case, the observed spectral distinctiveness of 1 Ceres, the largest asteroid, suggests that the properties of an asteroid surface may be correlated with the asteroid size.
Work function at the tips of multiwalled carbon nanotubes

density of 10 mA/cm 2 and 10 mA/cm 2 , respectively, are in the range of 2‐5 and 4‐7 V/mm for carbon NTs. 7‐13 Recent experimental data of Pan et al. 14 show that the aligned and opened carbon NTs exhibit superior field emission performances with f to and f thr in the range of 0.6‐1 and 2‐2.7 V/mm, respectively. Another important physical quantity in electron field emission is the surface work function, which is well documented for elemental materials. For the emitters such as carbon NTs, most of the electrons are emitted from the tips of the carbon NTs, and it is the local work function that matters to the properties of the NT field emission. The work function measured from the ln(J/E 2 )v s 1/E characteristics curve ~the Fowler‐Nordheim theory! , 15 where J is the emission current density and E is the macroscopic applied electric field, is an average over all of the aligned carbon NTs that are structurally divers in diameters, lengths, and helical angles. In this letter, we present experimental measurements of tip work functions of individual carbon NTs. Our results indicate that the tip work function of ;75% of the carbon NTs is ;0.2‐0.4 eV lower than that of carbon; these nanotubes are likely to be metallic. The other 25% of the NTs have a tip work function of ;0.6 eV higher than that of carbons; these tubes are likely to be semiconductive. The multiwalled carbon NTs were synthesized by arc discharge and details have been reported elsewhere. 16 The structures of the carbon NTs are uniform and intact. The NTs have closed ends. The measurement of the tip work function of a single carbon nanotube was carried out in situ in a transmission electron microscope ~TEM! JEOL 100C ~100 kV! 17 A specimen holder was built for applying a voltage across a NT and its counter gold electrode. The detailed experimental set up has been reported elsewhere. 18 The NTs to be used for measurements are directly imaged under TEM. The principle for work function measurement is schematically shown in Fig. 1~a! We consider a simple case in which a carbon nanotube, partially soaked in a carbon fiber produced by arc discharge, is electrically connected to a gold ball. Due to the difference in the surface work functions between the NT and the counter Au electrode, a static charge Q0 exists at the tip of the NT to balance this potential difference even at zero applied voltage. 19 The magnitude of Q0 is proportional to the difference between work functions of the Au electrode and the NT tip ~NTT! , Q05a(WAu2WNTT), where a is related to the geometry and distance between the NT and the elec
Effects of rapid thermal annealing on InGaAsN quantum well based devices grown on misoriented (111)B GaAs

We present in this work the effects of the rapid thermal annealing on the optical properties of InGaAsN single quantum wells grown on two different kind of misoriented GaAs (111)B substrates: 1° toward [-211] and 2° toward [2-1-1]. An increase of more than one order of magnitude of the photoluminescence emission is shown, as well as a shift towards higher energies of peak emission of the quantum well. This blueshift was found to be greater for the samples grown on the 2° misoriented substrates than for the first misorientation. These samples were grown by molecular beam epitaxy simultaneously, to assure tha same growth conditions for both samples. Different annealing temperatures were used to find the optimum optical properties for the InGaAsN quantum wells on GaAs (111)B. A comparison of the electrical characteristics of p-i-n diodes processed using as grown and annealed samples is presented. Finally, the application of the RTA optimization to InGaAsN laser devices grown on GaAs (111)B is presented.