Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drop Impact on a Solid Surface

A drop hitting a solid surface can deposit, bounce, or splash. Splashing arises from the breakup of a fine liquid sheet that is ejected radially along the substrate. Bouncing and deposition depend crucially on the wetting properties of the substrate. In this review, we focus on recent experimental and theoretical studies, which aim at unraveling the underlying physics, characterized by the delicate interplay of not only liquid inertia, viscosity, and surface tension, but also the surrounding gas. The gas cushions the initial contact; it is entrapped in a central microbubble on the substrate; and it promotes the so-called corona splash, by lifting the lamella away from the solid. Particular attention is paid to the influence of surface roughness, natural or engineered to enhance repellency, relevant in many applications.
Ethylene-responsive SbWRKY50 suppresses leaf senescence by inhibition of chlorophyll degradation in sorghum.

The onset of leaf de-greening and senescence is governed by a complex regulatory network including environmental cues and internal factors such as transcription factors (TFs) and phytohormones, in which ethylene (ET) is one key inducer. However, the detailed mechanism of ET signalling for senescence regulation is still largely unknown. Here, we found that the WRKY TF SbWRKY50 from Sorghum bicolor L. , a direct target of the key component ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) in ET signalling, functioned for leaf senescence repression. The CRISPR/Cas9-edited SbWRKY50 mutant (SbWRKY5O-KO) of sorghum displayed precocious senescent phenotypes, while SbWRKY50 overexpression delayed age-dependent and dark-induced senescence in sorghum. SbWRKY50 negatively regulated chlorophyll degradation through direct binding to the promoters of several chlorophyll catabolic genes. In addition, SbWRKY50 recruited the PRC1 complex through direct interaction with SbBMI1A, to induce H2Aub accumulation on the chlorophyll catabolic genes for epigenetic silencing and thus delayed leaf senescence. Especially, SbWRKY50 can suppress early steps of chlorophyll catabolic pathway via directly repressing SbNYC1 (NON-YELLOW COLORING 1). Other senescence-related hormones could also influence leaf senescence through repression of SbWRKY50. Hence, our work shows that SbWRKY50 is an essential regulator downstream of ET and SbWRKY50 also responds to other phytohormones for senescence regulation in sorghum.
On Lipschitz functions of normal operators

It is shown that if N and M are normal operators on a separable, complex Hubert space H, and/is a Lipschitz function on Q = a(N) U a(M) (i.e., \f(z) — f(w)\ ,. ||2)1/2 be the Hilbert-Schmidt norm of T. The properties of HilbertSchmidt operators are described in Schatten [9] and Gohberg-Krein [7]. In their work on Scattering theory, W. O. Amrein and D. B. Pearson proved [1, Theorem 2] that if A is a self adjoint operator with pure continuous spectrum and/is a Lipschitz function on a(A) (the spectrum of A) i.e., \f(t) — f(s)\ 0, let N = De + Ke, where De is diagonal and ||7ve||2 f/ f. y and \\f(Dt)X-Xf(Dt)f2 = E|(/(A,) -f(\j))x,J(2, • ■j Received by the editors January 18, 1983 and, in revised form, September 21, 1984. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 47B10, 47B15.
Cancer antigen 125 and C-reactive protein inflammatory mediators and uric acid in association with preeclampsia in North Kordofan State, Western Sudan

Pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia depends on a defective trophoblastic invasion of uteroplacental blood vessels that leads to placental ischemia and induction of an inflammatory process within the placenta. This process may trigger the expression of Cancer antigen 125 (CA 125), C-reactive protein (CRP) and uric acid (UA). This research aimed to evaluate the association of serum CA 125, CRP and uric acid with Preeclampsia. The study recruited 200 singleton Sudanese pregnant women, who were divided into three groups: controls (n = 100), mild preeclampsia (n = 46) and severe preeclampsia (n = 54). The study subjects were matched for maternal age, gestational age and body mass index. Blood samples were taken for measurement of the different variables using immune- assay and enzymatic automated chemical analysis. The levels of CA 125 in mild and severe preeclampsia were (21.94±0.749 IU/ml) and (40.78±1.336 IU/ml) respectively, which was significantly different (P<0.001) from the control mean (16.48±0.584 IU/ml). There was also a significant difference between the mean levels of CRP in mild and severe preeclampsia (15.17±0.788 mg/L), (31.50±1.709 mg/L) compared with controls (4.79±0.178 mg/L), (P<0.01). There was also a significant difference in the mean levels of UA in mild and severe cases (6.44±0.293 and7.37±0.272) in comparison with the controls (4.00±0.061); (P<0.001). There were significant differences between severe and mild groups (P<0.05). Cancer antigen 125, CRP and UA levels‎ correlated positively with mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) where (r >0.7; P < 0.001). ROC curve validates the utility of these biomarkers for monitoring preeclampsia (AUC >0.8; P < 0.001). In conclusion CA 125, CRP and UA were significantly higher in preeclampsia compared with the controls. The rise of the analytes was directly associated with the severity of the disease.
Movement-synchronized cerebellum rhythm coordinates multi-joint movements in young and elderly adults

ABSTRACT Rhythmic limb multi-joint movement like locomotion is controlled by intralimb coordination. Intralimb coordination changes entail immediate alterations in movement patterns and be related with cerebellum function. Synchronized cerebellum activity has known to modulate the frequency of walking, but not known the effect of only intralimb coordination. The purpose of this study was to reveal the effect of synchronized and unsynchronized cerebellum activity on the coordination of multi-joint movements of the unilateral leg in young and elderly people. To achieve our purpose, we applied synchronized and unsynchronized cerebellum transcranial alternating current stimulation during cyclic unilateral multi-joint movement by visual tracking task. The results showed that the reduction in comprehensive synchrony between targets and movements through trials had no significant differences under all stimulus conditions in young and elderly people. However, the reduction in variation of synchronization through trials was significantly smaller under the synchronized transcranial alternating current stimulation condition in both young and elderly groups. Variation of synchronization was remarkably reduced under the synchronized transcranial alternating current stimulation condition for the elderly group. This study showed that movement-synchronized cerebellum activity contributes to reducing fluctuations in movement synchrony by coordinating unilateral multi-joint movements. Moreover, this reduction was remarkable in the elderly group.
A Verification of Numerical Model Forecasts for Sounding-Derived Indices above Udine, Northeast Italy

Abstract In this work, 40 different indices derived from real soundings and the corresponding ECMWF model forecasts for the same location (near Udine, northeast Italy) are compared. This comparison is repeated for more than 500 days, from June 2004 to December 2005. The comparison is performed in terms of linear correlation, bias, root-mean-square error, and relative absolute error. The results show that the quality of agreement varies considerably among the different indices and lead times. It is found that only 15 indices have strong correlations (R2 always larger than 0.5) that hold up until the fourth forecast day (+96 h). The indices having the best agreement are usually representative of the thermal fields while those having the worst agreement are usually representative of the wind fields, particularly in the low levels. It is also found that the correlations for all 40 of the indices change for the 4 times of the day (one sounding every 6 h), with the 1200 UTC comparison being usually the best one.
Complete Genome Sequence of Theileria equi NVSL354

We are reporting the nearly complete genome of Theileria equi (Piroplasmida, Apicomplexa), which contains four nuclear chromosomes, a mitochondrial genome, and an apicoplast from the NVSL354 reference isolate. This report includes all six genetic molecules. ABSTRACT We are reporting the nearly complete genome of Theileria equi (Piroplasmida, Apicomplexa), which contains four nuclear chromosomes, a mitochondrial genome, and an apicoplast from the NVSL354 reference isolate. This report includes all six genetic molecules.
Percutaneous coronary intervention with drug‐coated balloon‐only strategy combined with single antiplatelet treatment in patients at high bleeding risk: Single center experience of a novel concept

At least 1 month of dual antiplatelet therapy is required after coronary stenting. The aim of this all‐comers retrospective registry study was to assess the efficacy and safety of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using drug‐coated balloon (DCB) with single antiplatelet treatment (SAPT).
Response to Society for Healthcare Epidemiology (SHEA) recommendations for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)

published new recommendations to assist hospitals in prioritizing and implementing strategies to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and ventilator-associated events (VAE) in adults, children, and neonates. 1 These new recommendations update their published 2014 preventions strategies, 2 and several recommendations have been added, removed, or changed. According to the new guidelines, although subglottic secretion drainage (SSD) has been shown to lower VAP rates, there is insuf-ficient evidence about its impact on the duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay (LOS), mortality, and costs. 1 However, 2 recent meta-analyses have demonstrated that use of endotracheal tubes (ETTs) with SSD reduced VAP rates by 44% 3 – 50%. 4 Further, routine use of SSD may reduce the risk of postoperative VAP in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, with those undergoing intraoperative continuous and postoperative intermittent SSD report-ing a 70% reduction in the rate of postoperative VAP. 5 Although these findings are very promising, they were not considered when reclassifying SSD recommendations in the new guidelines. Studies that have evaluated reductions in the duration of mechanical ventilation with SSD are limited to patients expected to require > 48 – 72 hours of mechanical ventilation. 1 However, it is difficult to determine, at the time of intubation, which patients will remain on mechanical ventilation > 48 hours. 6 Even so, a recent meta-analysis reported that SSD delayed time to VAP by 2.66 – 4.04 days. 4
Calibration methods for phased array radars

For successful beam shaping and scanning in phased array radars, it is essential to precisely set the amplitude and phase of each element channel. However, considerable amplitude and phase differences among the channels can occur due to the different RF hardware connected to each element. Also, the phase and amplitude characteristics of most RF devices depend on frequency and temperature and usually drift in time. In order to equalize the phase and amplitude effects of the channels, phased array radars need to be calibrated periodically. In the literature, various phased array calibration methods are discussed. However, the specifics of these methods are usually not covered. Here, we describe four of the most commonly used calibration methods in detail: near-field scanning probe, peripheral fixed probes, calibration lines, and mutual coupling. Each calibration method is described step by step and relevant formulas are given. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are also discussed.
ON TESTING THE GOODNESS-OF-FIT OF NONLINEAR HETEROSCEDASTIC REGRESSION MODELS

For testing the adequacy of a parametric model in regression, various test statistics can be constructed on the basis of a marked empirical process of residuals. By using a discretized version of the decomposition of the corresponding Gaussian limiting process into its principal components, we obtain a test statistic with an asymptotic chi-squared distribution under the null hypothesis. We investigate the consistency of this test statistic and of the estimators needed to compute it. Numerical experiments indicate that the distributional approximations already work for small to moderate sample sizes and reveal that the test has good power properties against a variety of alternatives. The test has a simple implementation. We present an application to a real-data example for testing the adequacy of a possible heteroscedastic exponential model.
Cortical hyperexcitability and plasticity in Alzheimer’s disease: developments in understanding and management

ABSTRACT Introduction Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive neurophysiological tool that provides important insights into Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). A significant body of work utilizing TMS techniques has explored the pathophysiological relevance of cortical hyperexcitability and plasticity in AD and their modulation in novel therapies. Areas Covered This review examines the technique of TMS, the use of TMS to examine specific features of cortical excitability and the use of TMS techniques to modulate cortical function. A search was performed utilizing the PubMed database to identify key studies utilizing TMS to examine cortical hyperexcitability and plasticity in Alzheimer’s dementia. We then translate this understanding to the study of Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology, examining the underlying neurophysiologic links contributing to these twin signatures, cortical hyperexcitability and abnormal plasticity, in the cortical dysfunction characterizing AD. Finally, we examine utilization of TMS excitability to guide targeted therapies and, through the use of repetitive TMS (rTMS), modulate cortical plasticity. Expert Opinion The examination of cortical hyperexcitability and plasticity with TMS has potential to optimize and expand the window of therapeutic interventions in AD, though remains at relatively early stage of development.
Exploring Magnetic Fields with a Compass.

A compass is an excellent classroom tool for the exploration of magnetic fields. Any student can tell you that a compass is used to determine which direction is north, but when paired with some basic trigonometry, the compass can be used to actually measure the strength of the magnetic field due to a nearby magnet or current‐carrying wire. In this paper, we present a series of simple activities adapted from the Matter & Interactions textbook1 for doing just this. Interestingly, these simple measurements are comparable to predictions made by the Bohr model of the atom. Although antiquated, Bohr's atom can lead the way to a deeper analysis of the atomic properties of magnets. Although originally developed for an introductory calculus‐based course, these activities can easily be adapted for use in an algebra‐based class or even at the high school level.
Morphological classification of low viscosity drop bag breakup in a continuous air jet stream

To investigate the effect of Rayleigh–Taylor wave number in the region of maximum cross stream dimension (NRT) on drop breakup morphology, the breakup properties of accelerating low viscosity liquid drops (water and ethanol drops, diameter=1.2–6.6 mm, Weber number=10–80) were investigated using high-speed digital photography. The results of morphological analysis show a good correlation of the observed breakup type with NRT; bag breakup occurred when NRT was 1/3−1, bag-stamen breakup at 1–2, and dual-bag breakup at 2–3. The number of nodes in bag breakup, bag-stamen breakup, and dual-bag breakup all increased with Weber number. The experimental results are consistent with the model estimates and in good agreement with those reported in the literature.
Rendering parametric procedures more robust by empirically tilting the model

SUMMARY We suggest methods for tilting a likelihood so as to enhance the robustness of maximum likelihood procedures. From the viewpoint of computation, tilting amounts to choosing unequal weights for the score function in such a way as to maximise likelihood subject to moving a given distance from equally weighted scores. Empirical methods, based on standard parametric Q-Q plots, are used to determine the appropriate amount of tilting. Distance may be measured in a variety of ways, and we devote particular attention to power-divergence approaches. In this context, one of the two Kullback-Leibler distance measures is shown to be advantageous.
Wild swarms of midges linger at the edge of an ordering phase transition

Alessandro Attanasi∗,‡, Andrea Cavagna∗,‡, Lorenzo Del Castello ∗,‡, Irene Giardina∗,‡, Stefania Melillo∗,‡, Leonardo Parisi∗,§, Oliver Pohl∗,‡, Bruno Rossaro, Edward Shen∗,‡, Edmondo Silvestri∗,†, Massimiliano Viale∗,‡ ∗ Istituto Sistemi Complessi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, UOS Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy ‡ Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy § Dipartimento di Informatica, Universita Sapienza, 00198 Rome, Italy † Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Roma 3, 00146 Rome, Italy and [ Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, Universita degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
Automatic mammographic breast density classification in Chinese women: clinical validation of a deep learning model

Background High breast density is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. As such, high consistency and accuracy in breast density assessment is necessary. Purpose To validate our proposed deep learning (DL) model and explore its impact on radiologists on density assessments. Material and Methods A total of 3732 mammographic cases were collected as a validated set: 1686 cases before the implementation of the DL model and 2046 cases after the DL model. Five radiologists were divided into two groups (junior and senior groups) to assess all mammograms using either two- or four-category evaluation. Linear-weighted kappa (K) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) statistics were used to analyze the consistency between radiologists before and after implementation of the DL model. Results The accuracy and clinical acceptance of the DL model for the junior group were 96.3% and 96.8% for two-category evaluation, and 85.6% and 89.6% for four-category evaluation, respectively. For the senior group, the accuracy and clinical acceptance were 95.5% and 98.0% for two-category evaluation, and 84.3% and 95.3% for four-category evaluation, respectively. The consistency within the junior group, the senior group, and among all radiologists improved with the help of the DL model. For two-category, their K and ICC values improved to 0.81, 0.81, and 0.80 from 0.73, 0.75, and 0.76. And for four-category, their K and ICC values improved to 0.81, 0.82, and 0.82 from 0.73, 0.79, and 0.78, respectively. Conclusion The DL model showed high accuracy and clinical acceptance in breast density categories. It is helpful to improve radiologists’ consistency.
Random fractal dendrites

﻿ Dendrites are tree-like topological spaces, and in this thesis, the physical characteristics of various random fractal versions of this type of set are investigated. This work will contribute to the development of analysis on fractals, an area which has grown considerably over the last twenty years. First, a collection of random self-similar dendrites is constructed, and their Hausdorff dimension is calculated. Previous results determining this quantity for random self-similar structures have often relied on the scaling factors being bounded uniformly away from zero. However, using a percolative argument, and taking advantage of the tree-like structure of the sets considered here, it is shown that this condition is not necessary; a simple condition on the tail of the distribution of the scaling factors at zero is all that is assumed. The scaling factors of these recursively defined structures form what is known as a multiplicative cascade, and results about the height of this random object are also obtained. With important physical and probabilistic applications, the heat equation has justifiably received a substantial amount of attention in a variety of settings. For certain types of fractals, it has become clear that a key factor in estimating the heat kernel is the volume growth with respect to the resistance metric on the space. In particular, uniform polynomial volume growth, which occurs for many deterministic self-similar fractals, immediately implies uniform (on-diagonal) heat kernel behaviour. However, in the random fractal setting, this is frequently not the case, and volume fluctuations are often observed. Motivated by this, an analysis of how volume fluctuations lead to corresponding heat kernel fluctuations for measure-metric spaces equipped with a resistance form is conducted here. These results apply to the aforementioned random self-similar dendrites, amongst other examples. The continuum random tree (CRT) of Aldous is an important random example of a measure-metric space, and fits naturally into the framework of the previous paragraph. In this thesis, quenched (almost-sure) volume growth asymptotics for the CRT are deduced, which show that the behaviour in almost-every realisation is not uniform. Applying the results introduced above, these yield heat kernel bounds for the CRT, demonstrating that heat kernel fluctuations occur almost-surely. Finally, a new representation of the CRT as a random self-similar dendrite is presented.
Identification and functional analysis of calcium sensor calmodulins from heavy metal hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens.

Noccaea caerulescens (J. Presl & C. Presl) F. K. Mey. is a heavy metal hyperaccumulator exhibiting extreme tolerance to various environmental stresses. To date, the functional role of Ca2+-binding protein in this plant is largely unknown. To investigate the function of calmodulins (CaMs) in N. caerulescens, CaM2, a Ca2+ sensor encoding gene, was identified and functionally characterised. Protein structure analysis showed that NcCaM2 contains four classic exchange factor (EF)-hand motifs with high sequence similarity to the CaM proteins from model plant Arabidopsis thaliana L. Tissue specific expression analysis showed that NcCaM2 is constitutively expressed in stems, leaves, and roots. Expression level of NcCaM2 was significantly upregulated under various environmental stimulus, indicating a potential involvement of NcCaM2 in the tolerance to abiotic stresses. The heterologous expression of NcCaM2 in a yeast mutant strain increased the heavy metal tolerance in yeast cells. Furthermore, the constitutive expression of NcCaM2 enhanced the heavy metal tolerance capability of transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants. Our data suggested an important role of NcCaM2 in the responses to environmental stresses and provided a potential target gene to enhance of the ability to hyperaccumulate metals.
Vision Aided Environment Semantics Extraction and Its Application in mmWave Beam Selection

In this letter, we propose a novel mmWave beam selection method based on the environment semantics extracted from user-side camera images. Specifically, we first define the environment semantics as the spatial distribution of the scatterers that affect the wireless propagation channels and utilize the keypoint detection technique to extract them from the input images. Then, we design a deep neural network with the environment semantics as the input that can output the optimal beam pairs at the mobile station (MS) and the base station (BS). Compared with the existing beam selection approaches that directly use images as the input, the proposed semantic-based method can explicitly obtain the environmental features that account for the propagation of wireless signals, thus reducing the storage and computational burden. Simulation results show that the proposed method can precisely estimate the location of the scatterers and outperform the existing works based on computer vision or light detection and ranging (LIDAR).