Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Closed-Form Exact Solution to H∞ Optimization of Dynamic Vibration Absorbers (Application to Different Transfer Functions and Damping Systems)

H∞ optimization of the dynamic vibration absorbers is a classical optimization problem, and has been already solved more than 50 years ago. It is a well-known solution, but we know this solution is only an approximate one. Recently, one of the authors has proposed a new method for attaining the H∞ optimization of the absorber in linear systems. The new method enables us to obtain the exact algebraic solution of the H∞ optimization problem of the absorber. In this paper we first apply this method to the design optimization of a viscous damped (Voigt type) absorber and a hysteretic damped absorber attached to undamped primary systems. For each absorber, six different transfer functions are taken here as performance indices to vibration suppression or isolation. As a result, we found the closed-form exact solutions to all transfer functions. The solutions obtained here are then compared with those of the approximate ones. Finally, we present the closed-form exact solutions to the hysteretic damped absorber attached to damped primacy systems.
Formulating Vehicle Aggressiveness Towards Social Cognitive Autonomous Driving

Accurately identifying the driving threat could greatly improve the driving safety for autonomous vehicles in the mixed traffic, where the human-driven and driverless, as well as different types of vehicles coexist. The existing safety evaluation methods merely focus on the possibility of collision, which is deficient to evaluate the hazard level due to the symmetry for both the interactive vehicles. Thus, the vehicle aggressiveness model is proposed in this paper based on the asymmetric interactions between different types of vehicles from the perspective of the social cognitions in the human driving. Firstly, a new conceptual framework of the vehicle aggressiveness is constructed, and the factors are analyzed. Secondly, the general mathematic formulation of the aggressiveness is deduced elaborately based on the analogy with the mechanical wave. Thirdly, the simplified formulation is derived by introducing resonant assumption, and an illustration of aggressiveness distribution is presented and discussed. The mathematical analysis and simulation results indicate that the proposed model could explicitly describe the asymmetric characteristics as regards the vehicle mass, motion states and position. Finally, the potential applications in safety assessment, decision-making and motion planning of the social cognitive autonomous driving are discussed. The aggressiveness model provides a new perspective in asymmetric driving safety evaluation and heterogeneous driving behavior model under complex and mixed traffic environments.
Testing for Cointegration in a System of Equations

This paper introduces various consistent tests for the null of cointegration against the alternative of noncointegration that can be applied to a system of equations as well as to a single equation. The tests are analogs of Choi and Ahn's (1993, Testing the Null of Stationarity for Multiple Time Series, working paper, The Ohio State University) multivariate tests for the null of stationarity and use Park's (1992, Econometrica 60, 119–143) canonical cointegrating regression (CCR) residuals to make the tests free of nuisance parameters in the limit. The asymptotic distributions of the tests are complex but expressed in unified manner by using standard vector Brownian motion. These distributions are tabulated by simulation for some practical cases. Furthermore, the rates of divergence of the tests are reported. Because there are methods for estimating cointegrating matrices other than CCR, it is illustrated for a model without time trends that the tests we introduce work exactly the same way in the limit when Phillips and Hansen's (1990, Review of Economic Studies 57, 99–125) fully modified ordinary least-squares (OLS) procedure is used. Also, is shown that difficulties arise when OLS residuals are used to formulate the tests. Small-scale simulation results are reported to examine the finite sample performance of the tests. The tests are shown to work reasonably wellin finite samples. In particular, it is illustrated that using the multivariate tests introduced in this paper can be a better testing strategy in terms of the finite sample size and power than applying univariate tests several times to each equation in a system of equations.
Carrier dynamics in modulation-doped InAs/GaAs quantum dots

Photoexcited carrier dynamics was studied in n and p modulation-doped self-assembled InAs GaAs quantum dots by means of time-resolved photoluminescence with excitation and detection energies varied through barrier, wetting layer, and quantum dot states. Carrier transfer to the ground state of the dots was found to occur within 5 to 6 and 12 ps for the doped and undoped samples, respectively. The experiments suggest that in all samples the carrier capture into the highest quantum dot levels proceeds by phonon emission. The significant difference in the transfer times is attributed to different relaxation mechanisms for the subsequent process of intradot carrier relaxation. For the doped samples, the presence of built-in carriers in the dots leads to efficient electron-hole scattering, while in the undoped structure scattering by phonons is identified as the main relaxation channel. Additionally, experimental results show decreased carrier lifetimes in the doped structures, which is attributed to nonradiative recombination at doping-induced recombination centers in the vicinity of the quantum dot layers.
BIFURCATION THEORY AND RELATED PROBLEMS: ANTI-MAXIMUM PRINCIPLE AND RESONANCE*

For a smooth bounded domain Ω ⊂ IR N , we consider the b.v. p. where m ∈ L r (Ω) for some r ∈ (max {1, N/2}, + ∞], with m + ≢ 0 and g is a Carathéodory function. We deduce sufficient and sharp conditions to have subcritical (“to the left”) or supercritical (“to the right”) bifurcations (either from zero or from infinity) at an eigenvalue λ k (m) of the associated linear weighted eigenvalue problem. Furthermore, as a consequence, we also point out the bifurcation nature of some classical results like the (local) Antimaximum Principle of Clement and Peletier and the Landesman-Lazer theorem for resonant problems. In addition, we see that the bifurcation viewpoint allows to obtain also local maximum principle and more general results for some classes of strongly resonant problems. In addition, we extend the above technique to handle quasilinear b.v. p. *Supported by Acción Integrada Spain-Italy HI1997-0049, by D.G. E.S. Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (Spain) PB98-1283 and by E.E. C. contract n. ERBCHRXCT940494. A preliminary communication of some of the results in this paper was presented at Nichtlineare Eigenwertaufgaben, held in Oberwolfach, Germany, 15–21 December 1996.
Stability of solitary-wave solutions to the Hirota-Satsumaequation

The evolution equation $ u_t- $ uxxt$ +u_x-$uut$ +u_x\int_x^{+\infty}u_tdx'=0, $ (1) was developed by Hirota and Satsuma as an approximate model for unidirectional propagation of long-crested water waves. It possesses solitary-wave solutions just as do the related Korteweg-de Vries and Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equations. Using the recently developed theory for the initial-value problem for (1) and an analysis of an associated Liapunov functional, nonlinear stability of these solitary waves is established.
Gamma Heavy Chain Disease Associated with T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocyte Lymphoproliferative Disorder: Case Report and Literature Review

Heavy chain diseases are rare B-cell neoplasms consisting of the production of a monoclonal immunoglobulin composed of the only heavy chain without corresponding light chains. It is a rare adult disease that may involve several sites with a variable clinical course. It manifests itself on a large spectrum from indolent to rapidly progressive. We present a case of heavy chain disease and concomitant T- cell large granular lymphoproliferative disorder, an association described in only six cases before.
Involvement of Auditory Cortex in Speech Production

In addition to their role in speech perception, the auditory cortical areas of the superior temporal lobe are important for the formation and maintenance of motor commands for speech production. Using a combination of neural network modeling, neuroimaging, and auditory perturbation experiments, we have characterized the network of brain regions involved in auditory feedback control of segmental aspects of speech. This network involves auditory error cells in bilateral posterior superior temporal cortex which become active when the current auditory feedback mismatches the auditory target for the current speech sound. Projections from these auditory cortical areas to the right hemisphere ventral premotor areas, then on to primary motor cortex, transform perceived auditory errors into corrective movement commands for the speech articulators. The DIVA model of speech production produces a close quantitative fit to acoustic data collected during unexpected auditory perturbation of speech and during sensorimoto.
CCD camera calibration using the finite element method

Image point displacements due to systematic errors in the image formation process are typically modeled in analytical photogrammetry with polynomial expressions. An alternative to this approach is the concept that the displacement of an image point is equivalent to a proportional change in the camera focal length for that particular location. The finite element method (FEM) of self-calibration, as developed by R.A. H. Munjy can be used to model focal length changes due to inherent systematic errors. This paper presents the results of an investigation into the use of the FEM for charge-coupled device (CCD) camera calibration. Two CCD cameras were calibrated using both the polynomial approach and the FEM in order to determine the adequacy of this alternative model.
Atlantic Subtropical Storms. Part I: Diagnostic Criteria and Composite Analysis

Abstract Subtropical cyclones (ST) have only recently gained attention as damaging weather systems. A set of criteria for identifying and classifying these systems is introduced here and employed to identify 18 ST cases forming in the 1999–2004 hurricane seasons. To be classified as an ST, these systems must have near-surface gale-force winds and show hybrid structure for more than one diurnal cycle. The 18 ST cases are partitioned into four classes based upon their genesis environments. Genesis over waters with SST in excess of 25°C is observed in almost 80% of warm-season cases, in contrast with only 55% in an ST climatology presented in a companion study. The low-shear magnitude constraint recognized for tropical cyclogenesis is less apparent for ST formation with over 50% forming in the two partitions characterized by shear in excess of 10 m s−1. This relatively high-shear environment corresponds to equatorward intrusion of upper troughs over the relatively warm SST present in the mid–late hurricane s.
Deep Brain Stimulation-Emerging Indications and Newer Techniques: A Current Perspective

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is in clinical use for more than three decades and its indications are ever expanding. Conventionally DBS is used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD), tremor and dystonia, and has been approved by FDA. It has been tried in several other indications with encouraging results. Recently a DBS device has been approved for use in intractable epilepsy. DBS is giving promising results for use in obesity, trigeminal vascular cephalalgias, and Tourette syndrome and post stroke rehabilitation. Many psychiatric conditions like depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, anorexia nervosa and substance abuse can be controlled with DBS when conventional medical treatment fails to relieve the symptoms. Newer techniques in DBS like directional leads, variable frequency stimulation, newer target identifications, Newer MRI compatible devices, remote programming, newer DBS recording electrodes that can be used in finding out the pathophysiology of disease is also discussed.
Orbital Effect on North Atlantic Freshwater Forced Millennial‐Scale East Asian Summer Monsoon Variability During the Holocene

Understanding millennial‐scale East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) variability is critical for climate projection in East Asia in the context of slowing Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) caused by global warming. This study performs two groups of sensitivity experiments at 8.2 and 4.2 ka BP, both forced by the same North Atlantic freshwater hosing and corresponding orbital parameters using the Community Earth System Model, to explore the orbital effect on millennial‐scale EASM variability. Our simulations reveal that EASM variability differs significantly between these two cold events. During the 8.2 ka BP (4.2 ka BP) (0 BP = 1950 AD) cold event, North Atlantic freshwater forcing weakens the EASM, generating a meridional tripole (dipole) pattern of EASM precipitation anomalies. Furthermore, the same freshwater discharge causes a greater decline in the EASM, contrasting to a slight weaker AMOC slowdown, at 4.2 ka BP than at 8.2 ka BP. This suggests orbital parameters significantly influence the EASM response to North Atlantic cold events. The East Asian subtropical westerly jet, whose meridional position and intensity are controlled by summer insolation on an orbital timescale, plays a key role in this orbital effect. The westerly jet's meridional position determines the spatial pattern of EASM precipitation anomalies, while its intensity affects the amplitude of the EASM's response to freshwater forcing. Because of a larger EASM decline due to freshwater hosing with lower summer insolation, we anticipate a profound declining EASM precipitation in the future with low summer insolation if the AMOC continues to weaken.
On a Constrained Optimal Rule for Classification with Unknown Prior Individual Group Membership

We describe a formal approach to constructing the optimal classification rule for classification analysis with unknown prior probabilities ofKmultivariate normal populations membership. This is done by suggesting a balanced design for the classification experiment and by constructing the optimal rule under the balanced design condition. The rule is characterized by a constrained minimization of total risk of misclassification; the constraint of the rule is constructed by a process of equalization among expected utilities ofKpopulation conditional densities. The efficacy of the suggested rule is examined through numerical studies. This indicates that dramatic gains in the accuracy of classification result can be achieved in the case where little is known about the relative population sizes.
Phenolic profile, α-amylase inhibition and molecular docking scrutiny of the trunk bark of Pinus pinea growing in Tunisia

Abstract The phenolic profile of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from the trunk bark of Pinus pinea growing in Tunisia was determined using Liquid Chromatography coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method and their anti-α-amylase potential and the mode of inhibition were determined in a kinetic study. Methanol extract was found to be richer in phenolics. Eighteen constituents were identified in ethyl acetate extract with trans-taxifolin (7.57 g/kg), as the main compound. Eighteen compounds were detected in methanol extract with ellagic acid (88.06 g/kg), as the major constituent. Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts inhibited α-amylase with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 9.16 and 8.33 μg/mL, respectively. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts exerted a non-competitive and a competitive inhibition on α-amylase enzyme, respectively. This activity was supported by molecular docking analysis of some major compounds of both extracts. All these compounds showed a low binding energy and they could bind with the key residues including ASP-206 and GLU-230 of the α-amylase enzyme and these ligands were also surrounded by other active site residues. These findings suggest that P. pinea extracts could serve as safe and efficient α-amylase inhibitors to treat postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic patients.
Influence of calcination temperature on piezoelectric properties of 0.95(K0.52Na0.48)NbO3-0.05LiTaO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

As a candidate for a lead-free piezoelectric material, Ag-doped 0.95(Na0.52K0.48)NbO3-0.05-LiTaO3 ceramics were prepared by using the conventional mixed oxide method. The Ag-doped 0.95(Na0.52K0.48)NbO3-0.05LiTaO3 ceramics were investigated to determine the influence of calcination temperatures. The crystal structures of the Ag-doped 0.95(Na0.52K0.48)NbO3-0.05LiTaO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were examined for various the calcination temperatures from 750 to 850 °C by employing X-ray diffraction analyses and scanning electron microscopy measurements. The effects of calcination temperature on the microstructure, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties were systematically investigated. The dielectric and the electrical properties of the Ag-doped 0.95(Na0.52K0.48)NbO3-0.05LiTaO3 ceramics were measured from 1 kHz to 1 MHz for various calcination temperatures. We expect optimization of the calcination conditions to improve the piezoelectric and the ferroelectric properties of Ag-doped 0.95(Na0.52K0.48)NbO3-0.05LiTaO3 ceramics.
Developing Regenerate: A circular economy engagement tool for the assessment of new and existing buildings

The transition toward a circular economy (CE) is key in decarbonizing the built environment. Despite this, knowledge of—and engagement with—CE philosophies remains limited within the construction industry. Discussion with practitioners reveals this to be contributed to by a lack of clarity regarding CE principles, with numerous organizations recommending implementation of differing and sometimes conflicting principles. In addition, a systematic assessment of how building designs consider CE is made difficult by the multiple design areas required to be considered and the large amount of design data required to do so. The absence of a systematic CE assessment causes a lack of comparability across designs, preventing benchmarking of CE practices in building design at present. This paper details the development of Regenerate, a CE engagement tool for the assessment of new and existing buildings, established in an effort to overcome the aforementioned barriers to the adoption of CE within the construction sector. A CE design workflow for the built environment is proposed, comprising four overarching circularity principles (Design for Adaptability; Design for Deconstructability; Circular Material Selection; Resource Efficiency) and contributing design actions. In addition to engaging stakeholders by enabling the assessment of building designs, the tool retrieves key data for further research. Information on completed design actions as well as recycling and waste metrics is collected to facilitate future CE benchmarking. “Bill of materials” data (i.e., material quantities) is also compiled, with this being key in material stock modeling research and embodied carbon benchmarking.
Direct imaging of reverse-bias leakage through pure screw dislocations in GaN films grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaN templates

Excess reverse-bias leakage in GaN films grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaN templates is correlated with the presence of pure screw dislocations. A scanning current–voltage microscope was used to map the spatial locations of leakage current on high quality GaN films under reverse bias. Two samples with similar total dislocation density (∼109 cm−2) but with pure screw dislocation density differing by an order of magnitude were compared. We found that the density of reverse-bias leakage spots correlates well with pure screw dislocation density, not with mixed dislocation density. Thus, pure screw dislocations have a far more detrimental impact on gate leakage than edge or mixed dislocations.
Genetic Variability in the E6, E7, and L1 Genes of Human Papillomavirus Types 16 and 18 among Women in Saudi Arabia

Cervical cancer is the eighth most frequent cancer in Saudi Arabia, and most cases are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18. HPV-induced carcinogenesis may be associated with the intra-type variant, genetic mutation, or the continuous expression of viral oncogenes E6 and E7. Infection efficiency and virus antigenicity may be affected by changes in the L1 gene. Thus, this retrospective cohort study analyzed E6, E7, and L1 gene mutations in cervical specimens collected from Saudi women positive for HPV16 or HPV18 infection. HPV16 and HPV18 lineages in these specimens were predominantly from Europe. The L83V mutation in the E6 gene of HPV16 showed sufficient oncogenic potential for progression to cervical cancer. By contrast, the L28F mutation in the E7 gene of HPV16 was associated with a low risk of cervical cancer. Other specific HPV16 and HPV18 mutations were associated with an increased risk of cancer, cancer progression, viral load, and age. Four novel mutations, K53T, K53N, R365P, and K443N, were identified in the L1 gene of HPV16. These findings for HPV16 and HPV18 lineages and mutations in the E6, E7, and L1 genes among women in Saudi Arabia may inform the design and development of effective molecular diagnostic tests and vaccination strategies for the Saudi population.
Hyperglycemia impairs tolerance and promotes allergic inflammation in mouse models of asthma

Glucose is a key source of energy in systemic and cellular metabolism and has known pro-inflammatory properties. Metabolic disorders (diabetes, insulin resistance) associate with asthma and other allergic diseases. This study sought to understand the role of hyperglycemia in the allergic response. First, we injected fasted Balbc/J mice intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 2g/kg dextrose to test whether hyperglycemia promotes antigen sensitization. Within one hour of injection, we detected a rapid increase in blood glucose levels followed by an increase in expression of inflammatory markers Il1β, Tslp, and Cxcl9 in peritoneal tissue. Concurrently, MHCII+ cells infiltrated the peritoneum. Control experiments showed that inflammatory responses were not due to hyperosmotic effects. To determine whether glucose promotes allergic response, we sensitized mice to chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA) using either alum (standard adjuvant), dextrose, or a vehicle control. Both alum/OVA and dextrose/OVA treated mice mounted lung allergic inflammation in response to inhaled OVA antigen. Dextrose/OVA mice had OVA-specific IgE production similar to alum/OVA group, demonstrating glucose’s ability to promote sensitization. Total cellular infiltrates, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) eosinophils, and lung expression of IL-4, IL-13 and IL-33 in dextrose-sensitized mice were equal to or surpassing allergic inflammatory responses in mice given standard adjuvant. Finally, in a separate mouse tolerance model we demonstrated that hyperglycemia impairs development of tolerogenic response to innocuous OVA antigen. These results demonstrate a potentially critical role for glucose dysregulation in loss of tolerance and promotion of allergy.