A Comparative Study On Depression, Loneliness And Adjustment In An Only Adolescents And Adolescents With Siblings

The purpose of the present study is about comparative study on Depression , loneliness and adjustment between only adolescents and adolescents with Siblings. This study groups is consisted with 60 (30 only adolescents, 30 adolescents with Siblings) of adolescents students in total and the mean age (13 -15 years) who were studying at high school of Halisahar Ramprasad Vidyapith high school . The data collected tools used were HAM-D scale, UCLAloneliness scale, BAI – adjustment scale of questionnaires and Socio-economic status scale. The all four scales level were assessed among an only adolescents and adolescents with Siblings students. Using the purposive sampling method the data analysis was performed using Mean, SD , t-test and correlation variance analysis. The mean ± SD of depression 9.86± 3.7, loneliness 17.74 ± 3.949, adjustment 27.26 ± 8.9 in only adolescents students respectively, depression 6.9 ± 2.13 loneliness 13.86 ± 3.53 adjustment 22.26 ± 6.24in adolescents with Siblings students which is showing that only adolescents have more Negative emotional state of depression, loneliness and adjustment issues than adolescents with Siblings even though percentage wise loneliness and adjustment levels were more commonly seen in equal States.The t-test showed that there is significant difference in between only adolescents and an adolescent with Siblings in all levels of depression, loneliness , adjustments at (p <0.05)leveland the person correlation coefficient showed that there is significant positive relationship depression with loneliness as well as depression with adjustment in only adolescents students respectively in the same way depression with loneliness of adolescents with Siblings students at (p <0.05) level. There is no significant relationship between depression with adjustment in only adolescents students as well as loneliness with adjustment in adolescents with Siblings students at (p >0.05) level. INTRODUCTION:Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood. Adolescence is usually associated with the teenage (11 to 19 years), but its physical, psychological, or cultural expression may begin earlier and End late . For example, puberty now typically begins during preadolescence , particularly in females . Physical growth particularly in males and cognitive development can extend into the early twenties . Thus, age provides only a rough marker of adolescents and scholars have found it difficult to agree upon a precise definition of Adolescence . Parents find this to be a stormy period because it appears ,as if there is nothing that parents say or do is right for the adolescents. Early Adolescence (11-14years):-During this stage, children often start to grow more quickly. They also begin notice other body changes, including hair growth, development in particular body parts. They usually start a year or two earlier in girls than boys and it can be normal for some changes to start as early as age 8 for females and age 9 for males. Many girls may start their period at around age of 12, on average 2-3 years after the onset of breast development. Middle Adolescents (14-17 years):-Physical changes from puberty continue during middle adolescent . Middle Adolescents have more Arguments With Their Parent’s As They struggle for more Independence. The Brain continues to change And Mature in this stage, But there are still many differences In how a normal middle adolescents thinks compared to an adult. Late Adolescents(17-19 years):This is the Stage of Stability in Emotions, interest in identity and Adolescents have developed fully physical characteristics similar to adults, and have formed a distinct identity and have well-formed options and ideas. Late Adolescents generally have completed physical development and grown to their full adult height. ●PROBLEMS FACED BY ADOLESCENTS:Adolescence is a tricky period, without a proper Guidance the adolescents might find themselves in a difficult positions. • Academic Pressure:Parents , teachers and the students themselves must understands that not everyone is meant to excel at academics. Some people do and some don’t the pressure drives the students to an extreme point. • Independence And Freedom:High school and collage are the times when students are looking to spread their wings and fly. Many Students feel like most of their problems will end if they get independent and if they don’t have someone to report at the end of the day. • The Problem of ‟No one understands Me”:The teenagers do feel like the parents do not understands what the students are trying to do or say. This leads to misunderstandings between the adolescents and the parents. •Identity:This the stage when adolescents look for their personal identity and if they fail on it then its lead to identity crisis on them. ISSN: 2455-2631 December 2022 IJSDR | Volume 7 Issue 12 IJSDR2212051 www.ijsdr. org International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (IJSDR) 343 •Social Anxiety And Awkwardness:Many adolescents might feel have social anxiety and awkwardness in groups and situation where they have to speak out or mingle. This might project in stage fight, fear of speaking in groups, being too conscious about oneself and having a low self esteem. The peer Pressure might be also the most faced problem right after the academic pressure. In schools and colleges many students are forced to indulge in activities and be part of events because of their peer pressure. ●CHALLENGES FACED BY ADOLESCENTS:Geldard and Geldard(2006) explain that adolescence is a time in a young persons in a life. Where they move from dependency on their presents to independence, autonomy and maturity in this phase they had to tacle many challenges. •Biological Challenges:Adolescents beings with the first well-defined maturation event called puberty. Included in the biological challenges are the changes the occur due to the release of the sexual hormones that effect emotion. Mood changes can increase which can have an impact on relationships both at home with presents and siblings and socially or at school. •Cognitive Challenges:-Piaget(1972), in his theory of cognitive development believed that adolescents is time when young people developed cognitively from‟ concrete Operations” to ‟Formal Operations”. So, they are able to deal with ideas, concepts and abstracts theories. However, it takes time for confidence to build up with using this newly accurate skills , and they may make mistakes in judgment. •Psychological Challenges:The psychological challenges that the adolescents must cope with are moving from childhood to adulthood. A new person is Emerging, where rules will change, may be more responsibilities will be placed on him/her so that a certain standard of behavior is now required to be maintained. As adolescents continue their journey of self-discovery , they continually have to adjust to new experiences as well as the other changes happening to them biologically and socially. This can be both stressful and anxiety and also the mixed feeling of loneliness. It therefore , is not surprising that adolescents can have a decreased tolerance of changes; hence it becomes increasingly more difficult for them to modulate their behaviors which are sometimes displayed by inappropriate mood swings and angry outbursts. This results in lots of confusion , interaction problems, lack of interest in studies[Hoffman(2002),Hofer,(2012)],risky behaviors like suicides attempts, smoking, negative emotions[Jang & Johnson,2003],tend to feel lonely During adolescents[ Le Roux & Others, 2003], depression[Aneshensel& Others,1995] and their relationship with adolescents coping have been researched extensively [Rew,2005]. ●DEPRESSION IN ADOLESCENCE:Depression is defined as a cluster of specific symptoms with associated impairment. The clinical and diagnostic features of the disorder are broadly similar in adolescents. The two main classification systems (international classification of disease-10[ICD-10] and the American diagnostic and the statistical manual of mental disorders Define depression similarly, although it's makes exception for children and adolescents, whereby irritable rather than depressed mood allowed as a core diagnostic symptom. Nevertheless, depression in adolescents is more often missed than it is in adults, possibly because of the prominence of irritability, mood reactivity, and fluctuating symptoms in adolescents. Depression can also be missed if the primary presenting problems are unexplained physical symptoms, eating disorders, anxiety, refusal to attend school, decline in academic performance, sub stance misuse, or any kind of the behavioral problems, also major depressive disorder [Strakowski S, Nelson E 2015]. In some respects depression in adolescent as children and teenagers, only children may be actually happier without siblings. One large study found that having younger siblings reduce life satisfaction in adolescents. Another study found that adolescents with siblings were twice as likely to suffer from depression, at the same time only children grew up lonely without siblings and they get pressure from parents as they one an only child to perform well in all areas. They will never experience of having sisters and brothers. so, sometimes they getting depressed in life. While in some others research suggests that having sibling may help adolescents to develop sympathy, emotion, love also that in some areas siblings give a mental health boost in ways that parents don't. ●LONELINESS IN ADOLESCENCE:Loneliness in children and adolescents has relatively recently begun to attract the attention of researchers (Asher & Others 2003;). Loneliness is a common , universal human experience. When lonely, people experience subjective distress, because they perceive themselves as being alone , isolated, cut off, and they evaluate their interpe