Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plant-sediment Interactions and Biogeochemical Cycling for Seagrass Communities in Chesapeake and Florida Bays

Title of Dissertation: PLANT-SEDIMENT INTERACTIONS AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING FOR SEAGRASS COMMUNITIES IN CHESAPEAKE AND FLORIDA BAYS Jessica Lee Nagel, Doctor of Philosophy, 2007 Dissertation Directed By: Professor W. Michael Kemp Horn Point Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Seagrasses are prominent, productive components of shallow coastal ecosystems worldwide. The role of seagrasses in biogeochemical cycling varies widely across ecosystems, and this is due in large part to the complex interactions and feedbacks among processes controlling dynamics of carbon, oxygen, nutrients, and dissolved organic matter (DOM). This dissertation examines the importance of the keystone seagrass species, Thalassia testudinum, to biogeochemical cycling at the community and ecosystem levels in Florida Bay. The research presented here also describes the consequence of disturbances, such as shifts in species composition and seagrass dieback, on biogeochemical processes in both Florida and Chesapeake Bays. In Florida Bay, T. testudinum was shown to stimulate sediment microbial activities and benthic production of oxygen, inorganic nitrogen, and DOM relative to adjacent benthic communities without seagrass but containing benthic microalgae. Strong diel patterns in net fluxes of these solutes in both communities underscore the importance of photosynthesis. Ecosystem-level production (P) and respiration (R) rates were also enhanced in T. testudinum communities. Clear seasonal and regional variations in P and R were evident across Florida Bay, with lowest rates reported in the northern regions. Seagrass dieback had a negative effect on sediment nitrification rates and net ecosystem production (P-R) at one site in Florida Bay, and loss of seagrass habitat may result in significant changes to biogeochemical budgets within this system. In mesohaline Chesapeake Bay, the ephemeral submersed plant species, Ruppia maritima was also shown to stimulate organic production, nutrient cycling, and sediment biogeochemical processes compared to benthic communities without seagrass; however, the more persistent native species, Potamogeton perfoliatus, had an even greater impact on these processes. Collectively, the results of this research reveal the potential significance of seagrass to biogeochemical cycling in Chesapeake and Florida Bays and suggest that disturbances, such as seagrass dieback or shifts in species composition, may substantially alter biogeochemical budgets within these systems. PLANT-SEDIMENT INTERACTIONS AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING FOR SEAGRASS COMMUNITIES IN CHESPEAKE AND FLORIDA BAYS
Comparison of Asthma Control among Children 5–18 Years of Age

1 3 is characterized by chronic airway inflammation resulting in episodic airflow obstruction [1, 2]. Asthma control is assessed by determining symptom control over the prior 4 wk, determining presence of risk factors for acute exacerbation [3, 4]. Asthma Control Test (ACT) is for those above 12 y of age. Scoring is based on symptom/reliever questions and patient self-assessment of asthma. With a score 20–25, it is well controlled, score of 16–19 indicates that it is not well controlled, and 5–15 means poorly controlled asthma. Childhood Asthma Control Test (cACT) is for children between 6 and 11 y with separate sections for child and parents’ response [5–7]. Studies have been conducted on asthma in children regarding the risk factors and the prevalence of wheeze in children [4]. There is an unmet need for a tool to demonstrate, objectively, the subjective outcome in patients. Studies have Introduction
Shared Decision-Making Training for Home Care Teams to Engage Frail Older Adults and Caregivers in Housing Decisions: Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial

Background: Frail older adults and caregivers need support Results: A total of 311 frail older adults were included in the analysis, including 208 (66.9%) women, with a mean age of 81.2 (SD 7.5) years. Among 339 caregivers of cognitively-impaired frail older adults, 239 (70.5%) were female and their mean age was 66.4 (SD 11.7) years. The intervention increased the proportion of frail older adults reporting an active role in decision-making by 3.3% (95% CI –5.8% to 12.4%, P =.47) and the proportion of caregivers of cognitively-impaired frail older adults by 6.1% (95% CI -11.2% to 23.4%, P =.49). There was no significant impact on the secondary outcomes. However, the mean score for the frail older adults’ perception of how much health professionals involved them in decision-making increased by 5.4 (95% CI −0.6 to 11.4, P =.07) and the proportion of caregivers who reported decisional conflict decreased by 7.5% (95% CI −16.5% to 1.6%, P =.10). Conclusions: Although it slightly reduced decisional conflict for caregivers, shared decision-making training did not equip home care teams significantly better than provision of a decision aid for involving frail older adults and their caregivers in decision-making.
Planning under uncertainty via stochastic satisfiability

I describe a new planning technique that efficiently solves probabilistic propositional planning problems by converting them into instances of stochastic satisfiability (SSAT) and solving these problems instead. This is the first work extending the planning-as-satisfiability paradigm to stochastic domains. I make fundamental contributions in two areas: the solution of SS AT problems and the solution of probabilistic planning problems. I first describe three SSAT solvers: two exact solvers, based on the Davis-Putnam-Logemann-Loveland (DPLL) algorithm, and one approximation technique. The first exact solver finds the optimal solution (a setting of variables in the SSAT problem that maximizes the probability of a satisfying assignment). The second applies bounding arguments to efficiently identify the first solution whose probability of satisfaction exceeds a prespecified threshold. I explore the application of several well-known DPLL heuristics to the solution of SSAT problems and empirically demonstrate that, while they improve performance significantly in randomly generated SS AT problems, in SSAT encodings of planning problems a simple heuristic based on temporal order dominates. The approximate solver uses a randomized approximation scheme (with or without hillclimbing) to rapidly identify a good solution to the SSAT problem. The epsilon-delta bound on the time required to evaluate SSAT solutions is polynomial in the size of the SSAT encoding v. exponential for the exact methods. In the second half of the dissertation, I describe two probabilistic planners: MAXPLAN (for unobservable domains) and ZANDER (for partially observable domains). MAXPLAN converts a dynamic-belief-net representation of a noncontingent planning problem into an instance of E-MAJSAT, a restricted type of SSAT problem in which existentially quantified variables precede randomly quantified variables. ZANDER solves general contingent planning problems by using a more general type of SSAT encoding in which existentially quantified and randomly quantified variables are interleaved. The conversion and solution algorithms exploit the structure of the domain, including factoring in the state representation and asymmetry in the distributions of propositions resulting from the application of actions. ZANDER can solve arbitrary, goal-oriented, finite-horizon partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPS). An empirical study comparing ZANDER'S performance to that of three other leading probabilistic planners—a dynamic programming POMDP algorithm, MAHINUR, and SENSORY GRAPHPLAN (SGP)—shows that ZANDER'S performance equals or betters that of these planners on a range of problems. ZANDER finds optimal contingent plans as much as two orders of magnitude faster, in spite of the fact that MAHINUR and SGP are specialized to more restricted classes of problems. In addition, experiments indicate that further significant efficiency gains will be possible, thus allowing ZANDER to scale up to larger problems.
Tools for Microbiological risk assessment

functional semi-quantitative risk-ranking framework prototype is a flexible tool that enables relative comparison and ranking of microbial food-related risks with chemical risks via a single metric for overall disease burden: the annual pDALY (pseudo disability adjusted life years). The pDALY is a harmonisation of the very different dose–response relationships observed for chemicals and microbes that allows for a semi-quantitative characterisation of the disease burden of health impacts. This risk-ranking prototype is capable of assessing microbial hazards and chemical hazards not only separately, but also comparatively by using a common metric. an Excel spreadsheet that provides meat processors with a science-based validation tool to demonstrate the effectiveness of a specific heat process to destroy a microorganism of concern, on the basis of a time–temperature profile. Developed for the American Meat Industry Foundation.
Multi-year El Niño events tied to the North Paci�c Oscillation

Multi-year El Niño events induce severe and persistent �oods and droughts worldwide, with signi�cant socioeconomic impacts, but the causes of their long-lasting behaviors are still not fully understood. Here we present a two-way feedback mechanism between the tropics and extratropics to argue that extratropical atmospheric variability associated with the North Paci�c Oscillation (NPO) is a key source of multi-year El Niño events. The NPO during boreal winter can trigger a Central Paci�c (CP) El Niño during the subsequent winter, which excites atmospheric teleconnections to the extratropics that project onto the NPO variability, then re-triggers another El Niño event in the following winter, �nally resulting in persistent El Niño-like states. Model experiments, with the NPO forcing assimilated to constrain atmospheric circulation, replicate the observed connection between NPO forcing and the occurrence of multi-year El Niño events. Future projections of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phases 5 and 6 (CMIP5 and CMIP6) models demonstrate that if the projected NPO variability becomes enhanced under future anthropogenic forcing, then more frequent multi-year El Niño events should be expected. We conclude that properly accounting for the effects of the NPO on the evolution of El Niño events may improve multiyear El Niño prediction and projection. (JFM) in the Paci�c poleward of 15°N The NPO is de�ned as the second principal component (PC2) time series associated with the EOF2. The PMM represents a coupled SST-surface wind pattern over the subtropical northeastern Paci�c 43 . The PMM index is de�ned as the normalized SST anomalies over the subtropical northeastern Paci�c (15° ‒ 25°N and 150° ‒ 120°W) 70 . The CP ENSO pattern and index are de�ned by computing the �rst empirical orthogonal function (EOF1) and principal component (PC1) of tropical Paci�c SST anomalies between and 20°N after subtracting the anomalies regressed on the Niño1+2 (representing canonical , Similarly, index are de�ned computing the EOF1 and PC1 tropical Paci�c SST between 20°S and 20°N after subtracting the anomalies regressed Niño4 CP ENSO), respectively.
BCES Conference Book

This paper is concerned with the personality dimensions and learning styles of secondary school students, attending grammar and technical vocational school. The aim of the study is to examine differences in personality traits and learning styles between students from these types of schools, as well as to determine the predictive power of personality traits for certain learning styles of students. The sample consists of 240 fourth-year students attending grammar (120) and secondary technical school (120). Research variables were measured by NEO PI-R Personality Inventory (according to Five-factor model) and Index of Learning Styles (developed within Felder-Silverman’s model). The results show that grammar school students, compared with technical school students, have higher level of all personality dimensions except the Neuroticism, which is higher in technical school students. Grammar school students have higher measures of Sensor, Active and Sequential styles than students from technical school. Multiple regression analysis has shown that certain learning styles could be predicted by some personality traits. In grammar school sub-sample Openness seems to be the best predictor while Consciousness is significant predictor of learning styles in technical school. The findings are discussed in the light of possibility for better understanding the personality-learning-teaching relationships that could contribute to more effective individualization of teaching process.
Fat content: A quality indicator for Central America coffees?

In most major agricultural commodities (i.e. wheat, corn, sugarcane) chemical content analysis is widely used in order to efficiently describe the quality of product on trade between producers and buyers. In several studies in Central America involving different edaphoclimatic conditions, crop management practices and varieties, fat content from green coffee beans samples was assessed. Then fat content was correlated with beverage quality by expert judging panels. Results showed that fat content is highly affected by the plant physiological condition. Green coffee from highlands, shade conditions or harvested on plants exhibiting good fruit: leave ratio had higher fat content. Beans with higher fat content showed a reduction on volume increase during roasting and more homogeneous color. In the studies, fat content was higher in samples that showed better beverage quality. In Central America, quality is commonly assessed by cupping or defects classification system of green coffee samples. In future, systematic determination of fat content could complement actual quality appreciation systems and help the roaster to minimize its variation on final blend offer to costumer (Resume d'auteur)
Insights into river bank erosion processes derived from analysis of negative erosion‐pin recordings: observations from three recent UK studies

Recent studies of river bank erosion in three catchments in the UK have been characterized by the persistent occurrence of negative erosion‐pin results. The cause of these negative recordings is considered with reference to field data from the Afon Trannon, Nant Tanllwyth and River Arrow, and to a laboratory study of freeze–thaw and desiccation processes. It seems that there is potential for, and in some cases evidence of, a number of different circumstances that generate negative results, but none of these alone is sufficient to explain all incidents. Factors considered include: deposition of sediment during high flows; soil fall from the upper parts of the bank on to lower erosion pins; loosening of the soil surface and expansion/contraction of the soil mass with fluctuations in temperature and moisture content; movement of the erosion‐pin within the bank and human interference. Each has its own implications for the use of erosion pins.
The Effect of Season of Fire on Post-fire Legacies in Northwestern Ontario Red Pine (Pinus resinosa) Mixedwoods

iii LIST OF TABLES.vi LIST OF FIGURES . vii 1.0 Introduction . 1 2.0 Literature Review . 10 2.2 Fire Models.15 2.3 Weather . 18 2.4 Fire Intensity . 20 2.5 Plant Phenologies . 22 2.6 Nutrient and Carbon Cycles . 23 2.7 Other Disturbance Agents . 24 3.0 Methods and Study Sites . 26 3.1 Site Selection Process . 27 3.2 Study Sites . 31 3.2. 1 Stanton Bay (Fire 137) . 31 3.2.2 Pulling Lake (PNF-1) . 32 3.2.3 Emerald Lake Prescribed Burn (FOR-01-00) . 33 3.3 Field Methods . 35 3.3.1 Initial fire inspections . 35 3.3.2 Establishing a Plot . 37 3.4 Laboratory Methods.39 3.4.1 Soil Analysis . 39 3.4.2 Tree Core Analysis . 40 3.4.3 Statistical Methods . 40 4.0 Results . 41 4.1 Soils, Tree Cores, and Basal Areas . 42 4.1. 1 Soils.43 4.1. 2 Tree Cores . 45 4.1. 3 Structure.47 4.2 Groundcover . 48 4.3 Shrub / Seedling / Sapling . 52 5.0 Discussion.57 5.1 Legacies . 61 5.2 Structure.62 5.3 Species Composition . 64 5.4 Fire Management Policy Framework for Quetico Provincial Park.66 5.5 Recommendations . 70 APPENDIX A.72 APPENDIX B.78 APPENDIX C.85 REFERENCES . 90
Carbon and oxygen cycles: Sensitivity to changes in environmental forcing in a coastal upwelling system

[1] Biogeochemical cycles in the coastal ocean are changing and will continue to change in response to a changing climate. Effects on the oxygen and carbon cycles are particularly important, as either episodic or permanent shifts toward lower oxygen and/or higher inorganic carbon conditions can impact coastal ecosystems negatively. Here we study the sensitivity of these cycles to changes that may occur in the coastal ocean, focusing on a summer wind-driven upwelling region off southern Vancouver Island shelf. We use a quasi 2-D configuration of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) to perform six sensitivity experiments. Results indicate that carbon and oxygen cycles in this region may be significantly affected by an altered upwelling season, a shallower offshore Oxygen Minimum Zone, and a carbon-enriched environment. Combinations of these scenarios suggest a potentially increasing risk for the development of coastal hypoxia and corrosive conditions in the region.
Syndromic management of sexually transmitted diseases at primary care level, Mozambique

Objective: To assess STD management in primary healthcare facilities where STD clinics and syndromic management guidelines had been introduced. Methods: In 26 health facilities in selected sites, we observed management of all STD patients presenting in the adult general or STD clinic. We assessed the referral system by analysing patient registers. Results: 408 STD patients (65% in STD and 35% in general clinics) were observed. 70% were women. Women were examined less (26% against 75%, p<0.0001), had laboratory tests ordered more (74% against 45%, p=0.0002), were more often diagnosed syndromically (57% against 38%, p=0.008), and received less advice on condom use (19% against 87%, p<0.001) and contact treatment (47% against 81%, p=0.04). Examination, laboratory requests, diagnosis, and treatment were not significantly different in the STD and general clinic. Health education was better in the STD clinic (condom advice 47% against 8%, p <0.001). Only 41% of referred patients presented to the STD clinic. Conclusions: The better performance of STD clinics in health education was offset by high referral losses. A proposed integration of STD treatment into general outpatient clinics and better implementation of syndromic management and health education should improve STD case management at primary level in Mozambique.
Journal Pre-proof Pre-frontal tDCS improves sustained attention and promotes artificial grammar learning in aphasia: An open-label study

suggest that active tDCS administered to left DLPFC and right supraorbital region may be beneficial for improving sustained attention during language training in persons with aphasia and this improvement may facilitate language learning. Future research should focus on comparing against a control (sham) condition to further investigate the role of tDCS in improving attention and language learning.
Roundup Ready s soybean gene concentrations in ¢eld soil aggregate size classes

Roundup Ready s (RR) soybeans containing recombinant Agrobacterium spp. CP4 5-enol-pyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase ( cp4 epsps ) genes tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate are extensively grown worldwide. The concentration of recombinant DNA from RR soybeans in soil aggregates was studied due to the possibility of genetic transformation of soil bacteria. This study used real-time PCR to examine the concentration of cp4 epsps in four ﬁeld soil aggregate size classes ( 4 2000 m m, 2000–500 m m, 500–250 m m and o 250 m m). Aggregates over 2000 m These demonstrate the importance of speciﬁcally and to the location of
Physiological differences in cardiovascular hemodynamics across treadmill and cycle exercise as assessed through impedance cardiography

Impedance cardiography (IC) measures cardiovascular hemodynamics noninvasively during exercise. However, IC measurements assessing physiological differences across treadmill (TM) and cycle (CYC) exercise has not been investigated. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether hemodynamic measurements assessed via IC are consistent between TM and CYC exercise at two absolute exercise intensities. Twenty-one men (age = 21.4  0.5 y; BMI = 24.4  0.5) completed four exercise tests, two TM and two CYC. Within each test, two, five-minute, steady-state stages were completed with targeted intensities of 5 (MODex) and 7 (VIGex) metabolic equivalents (METs). Oxygen consumption (VO2) was measured by indirect calorimetry. Hemodynamic measures were obtained via IC (PhysioFlow, PF07 Enduro) and included cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), end diastolic volume (EDV), ejection fraction (EF), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), contractility index (CTi), and left cardiac work index (LCWi). Within treadmill exercise, there were no main effects for trial, except for HR. There were no main effects for trial within CYC exercise. Across exercise modes, there were no significant differences between TM and CYC exercise for all variables, with the exception of higher HR in CYC, and higher SV and EDV in TM. ICCs were strong for all variables except VIGex SVR and VIGex LCWi. IC hemodynamic measurements showed strong repeatability across modes for all hemodynamic variables during MODex. For VIGex, all variables showed strong correlations, except for SVR and LCWi. Lack of agreement may be associated with daily variation in hemodynamics or physiological differences across modes with the remainder of discrepancies associated with device error.
Caracterización de la comunidad de mamíferos de un área remota del sur de Chile mediante el uso combinado de metodologías

The presence and distribution of mammals in remote areas are currently poorly known, although these areas are usually rich in biodiversity. The main objective of this study was to characterize the terrestrial mammal community within the reserve of Huinay, southern Chile, using three methodologies: i) questionnaires to residents and visitors to the area (n=42); ii) transects of mammals’ presence (scats, tracks, etc; the total length of transects was 80 km); iii) camera-trapping (18 camera-traps were set with a total sampling effort of 590 trap-days). A total of 13 species of mammals were identified, and only three of them (pudu, Pudu puda, kodkod, Leopardus guigna and lesser grison, Galictis cuja) were recorded with all the methods employed. Our results suggest that different methodologies can complement each other for surveying species presence and distribution in remote areas.