Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PAM-4 Receiver With 1-Tap DFE Using Clocked Comparator Offset Instead of Threshold Voltages for Improved LSB BER Performance

This study presents a wireline pulse amplitude modulation-4 (PAM-4) receiver using the least significant bit (LSB) decoding method that uses the offset of comparators. The proposed LSB decoding method can generate the same output as that of a conventional comparator by effectively adding the desired offset voltage to only one of the differential PAM-4 signals. Because the proposed decoding method replaces a 4-input comparator with a 2-input comparator, it can improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of the LSB by as much as the most significant bit (MSB). The predetermined offset is useful not only for LSB decoding but also for the direct decision feedback equalizer (DFE) operation. The differential amplitude and common-mode voltage (VCM) of the PAM-4 signal vary owing to the direct DFE tap coefficient. The modified comparator can generate an appropriate offset voltage without an adaptation loop or a VCM compensator although the PAM-4 signals are changed depending on the DFE tap coefficient. A prototype is fabricated using 28-nm CMOS technology and tested using a 10.29 dB channel attenuation at 10 GHz. The maximum data rate is 40 Gb/s, and the power efficiency and area of the proposed architecture are 1.58 pJ/bit and 0.039 mm2, respectively.
Loss cone distributions of radiation belt electrons

The electron population in and near the loss cone comprises trapped electrons, electrons that have diffused into the loss cone since their last bounce, and electrons that have interacted one or more times with the atmosphere. The distribution function of these electrons has been calculated by stepwise integrating the local pitch angle diffusion equation for wave-particle interactions along the magnetic field line. Above the atmosphere the diffusion mechanism is wave-particle interactions. At the atmosphere the scattering and energy loss collisions with atoms were included in the calculation. The results show that the pitch angle distributions of loss cone electrons depend strongly on the wave-particle diffusion coefficients and that measurements of electron fluxes can be used to derive values of these coefficients. Comparisons of the theoretical distributions with presently available data show the promise of the procedure but demonstrate the need for additional experimental data.
Nonlinear Dynamics and Potential Application of a DFB Laser Subject to Dual-Beam Injection

This paper presents a detailed experimental investigation of the nonlinear dynamics of a dual-beam optically injected semiconductor laser. Unlike previous works, we focus on the situation where the power and the frequency of the injection light wave are fixed and the free running frequency of the laser subject to optical injection is in between the two injection beams that have a large frequency separation. The nonlinear dynamics of the slave laser (SL), i.e., the laser subject to optical injection, for different SL forward bias currents are examined. Results show, in addition to the regenerated injection light wave, a fundamental oscillation together with its harmonics are generated when the SL interacts with its nearby injection beam. The SL output frequency components are stabilised when one of the harmonics of the fundamental oscillation is located at the injection beam that is far away from the free running SL. More than six-fold improvement in the frequency stability of the resultant output microwave signal, compared to that generated by optical mixing, is obtained. Experimental results also show the SL nonlinear dynamics have different behaviours when the two injection beams have different frequency separations.
dc electric field tunable bulk acoustic wave solidly mounted resonator using SrTiO3

A tunable SrTiO3 solidly mounted bulk acoustic wave resonator has been designed, fabricated, and tested. The solidly mounted resonator was implemented using an acoustical Bragg reflector of alternating high and low acoustic impedance layers. The resonator demonstrated a frequency tunability of 1%, from 5.87to5. 81GHz with an applied bias of 0–7.5V, respectively. A return loss of −6.5dB was observed at an applied bias of 7.5V. The quality factor at the resonant frequency was 78 and relatively constant with applied bias. The effective electromechanical coupling coefficient was 2% and near linear with applied bias.
Alzheimer’s Disease: An Updated Overview of Its Genetics

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. It is classified as familial and sporadic. The dominant familial or autosomal presentation represents 1–5% of the total number of cases. It is categorized as early onset (EOAD; <65 years of age) and presents genetic mutations in presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2), or the Amyloid precursor protein (APP). Sporadic AD represents 95% of the cases and is categorized as late-onset (LOAD), occurring in patients older than 65 years of age. Several risk factors have been identified in sporadic AD; aging is the main one. Nonetheless, multiple genes have been associated with the different neuropathological events involved in LOAD, such as the pathological processing of Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and Tau protein, as well as synaptic and mitochondrial dysfunctions, neurovascular alterations, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, among others. Interestingly, using genome-wide association study (GWAS) technology, many polymorphisms associated with LOAD have been identified. This review aims to analyze the new genetic findings that are closely related to the pathophysiology of AD. Likewise, it analyzes the multiple mutations identified to date through GWAS that are associated with a high or low risk of developing this neurodegeneration. Understanding genetic variability will allow for the identification of early biomarkers and opportune therapeutic targets for AD.
Orchestration to improve the performance and sustainability of family companies

Abstract The purpose of this study is to identify the efforts made by family businesses to develop knowledge resources in order to improve innovative performance and market adaptability. This study employs a single case study exploratory design, with “indepth interviews” conducted with 9 participants from three companies in one group in Indonesia. The findings revealed a process of developing human and social capital resources to expand the company’s knowledge resources. Other findings identified the critical processes of empowerment and authority coordination. It was used to establish a family business that encourages generational involvement and is capable of supporting the process of increasing knowledge resources. It was used to establish a family business that encourages generational involvement and is capable of supporting the process of increasing knowledge resources. Furthermore, this research can be a foundation for encouraging resource orchestration in family businesses to increase sustainability. It is one of the studies that integrate resource orchestration theory with management knowledge and explains the importance of creating a conducive family business for sustainability due to generational involvement.
Stringy instanton corrections to gauge couplings

We discuss a string model where a conformal four-dimensionalN = 2 gauge theory receives corrections to its gauge kinetic functions from \stringy" instantons. These contributions are explicitly evaluated by exploiting the localization properties of the integral over the stringy instanton moduli space. The model we consider corresponds to a setup with D7/D3-branes in type I 0 theory compactied on T4=Z2T 2, and possesses a perturbatively computable heterotic dual. In the heteoric side the corrections to the quadratic gauge couplings are provided by a 1-loop threshold computation and, under the duality map, match precisely the rst few stringy instanton eects in the type I 0 setup. This agreement represents a very non-trivial test of our approach to the exotic instanton calculus.
Measure and dimension for some fractal families

We study self-similar sets with overlaps, on the line and in the plane. It is shown that there exist self-similar sets that have non-integral Hausdorff dimension equal to the similarity dimension, but with zero Hausdorff measure. In many cases the Hausdorff dimension is computed for a typical parameter value. We also explore conditions for the validity of Falconer's formula for the Hausdorff dimension of self- affine sets, and study the dimension of some fractal graphs.
Backpropagation converges for multi-layered networks and linearly-separable patterns

Summary form only given. Backpropagation can fail to discover the optimal solution, since it can get stuck in local minima. In this paper it is proved that it converges provided that the patterns are linearly separable. This is also true for networks with hidden units. In this case, the experience gained in several experiments shows that multilayered networks surpass perceptrons in generalization to new examples. <<ETX>>
Performance Analysis Based on Data Mining Technique in Predicting the Diabetic Disease - Decision tree and Naïve Bayes

Data mining is the way toward getting learning from the huge amount of information. For the most part, it is the procedure of translating information from alternate points of view and outlining it into valuable data. It investigates the most helpful and well-known grouping calculations utilized by the Machine learning framework, for the most part in the counterfeit insightful frameworks. It is principally worried about down to earth utilization of grouping calculation that is connected to the dataset of diabetes. In this we are investigating and looking at changed arrangement calculation. This paper anticipate the presentation assessment dependent on the right and inaccurate characterized occurrences of information utilizing the Naive Bayes, Random Forest and K* calculation. After effect of this work it depicts searches computation which is progressively incredible for a meticulous dataset.
Characteristics of Cumulus Band Clouds off the Coast of Hawaii.

Abstract We have analyzed aircraft observations from seventeen cumulus cells within cloud bands observed off the east coast of Hawaii during the Joint Hawaii Warm Rain Project (JHWRP) of 1985. Low level convergence generated by the encounter of the trade winds and the island determines the location of the initial convection. However, the upward momentum below cloud base seems to be less important in the subsequent evolution of the bands than buoyancy associated with latent heat release. Entrainment into the clouds occurs at all levels, and almost all cloudy parcels below the trade inversion are moving upwards. While evaporative cooling does not seem to enhance entrainment below the inversion, it does play a role in the descent of cloud top air to the bottom of the inversion. Despite the existence of undiluted cores, the average thermodynamic characteristics of the clouds below the inversion appear well described by a very simple, constant lateral entrainment rate parcel model. We have used in-cloud and ne.
The linkage between prevalence of integron I and reduced susceptibility to biocides in MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from neonates

Background and Objectives: Klebsiella pneumoniae causes challenging nosocomial fatal infections including neonatal sepsis. Our study aims at clarifying the contribution of integrons in the observed reduced susceptibility of multidrug-resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae isolated from septicemic neonates to the clinically used antimicrobial agents and biocides. Materials and Methods: Eighty-six K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from Mansoura University Children’s Hospital from septicemic neonates. Isolates were subjected to antibiotic and biocide susceptibility using disk diffusion and the agar dilution method, respectively. The distribution of different classes of integrons was screened in the isolates by PCR. Detected inegron I was sequenced in selected isolates. Results: Fifty-seven isolates (66.27%) were MDR. In the MDR isolates, class I integron was detected in 23 (40.3%), integron III was detected in 20 (35%), whereas integron II could not be detected. Sequencing results of integron I from MDR K. pneumoniae isolates revealed that only aminoglycoside and folate synthesis inhibitors gene cassettes were detected, while the rest of the resistance genes were not associated with integron I. Conclusion: The presence of integron I in MDR K. pneumoniae tested isolates may contribute only to some biocide resistance, however, it does not seem to be the only contributor in multiple drug resistance.
UV-induced stress field during Bragg grating inscription in optical fibres

The present work deals with computation of the stress field caused by UV-induced densification in optical fibre cores during Bragg grating elaboration. The stress field is calculated using the finite element method and leads to a contribution to the refractive index modulation being perpendicular to the direction of propagation. The birefringence associated with the stress field is evaluated. Another important result is the growth of a shear stress component developed during Bragg grating writing. This can contribute to the fragilization of fibres. We suggest that these shear stresses are involved in the triggering of a refractive index contribution opposite to the one of the densification which is a negative one associated with the so-called type IIA Bragg grating.
Survey of low‐energy plasma electrons in Saturn's magnetosphere: Voyagers 1 and 2

This paper is a survey of the low-energy plasma electron environment within Saturn's magnetosphere made by the plasma science experiment (PLS) during the Voyager encounters with Saturn. Over the full energy range of the PLS instrument (10 eV to 6 keV) the electron distribution functions are clearly non-Maxwellian in character; they are composed of a cold (thermal) component with Maxwellian shape and a hot (suprathermal) non-Maxwellian component. A large-scale positive radial gradient in electron temperature is observed, increasing from less than 1 eV in the inner magnetosphere to as high as 800 eV in the outer magnetosphere. This increase in electron temperature explains the observed order of magnitude increase in plasma sheet thickness with increasing radial distance from Saturn. Scale heights of the cold heavy ion plasma can be as small as 0.2 Rs in the inner magnetosphere and as much as 3 Rs in the outer magnetosphere. Many of the observed density variations can be attributed to changes in density scale height without a change in plasma flux tube content. Three fundamentally different plasma regimes have been identified from the measurements: (1) the hot outer magnetosphere, (2) the extended plasma sheet, and (3) the inner plasma torus. The hot outer magnetosphere is a region within which the suprathermal electrons are the dominant contributors to the electron pressure, and at times to the electron density. Near the noon meridian, the electrons display a highly time dependent behavior with order of magnitude changes in density and temperature, which can occur in less than 96 s. Sudden density enhancements of cold plasma occur, which are thought to be either “plumes” associated with Titan (Eviatar et al., 1982) or plasma “blobs”, (Goertz, 1983). The extended plasma sheet, with mean inner and outer boundaries of 7 and 15 Rs, respectively, has enhanced levels of cold plasma relative to that in the hot outer magnetosphere, although the suprathermals continue to dominate the electron pressure. Plasma with energy less than 6 keV from this region is an important contributor to the ring current, and a significant current system is probably present between 6 and 8 Rs. The inner plasma torus is a region of reduced electron temperature (as low as 1 eV), enhanced equatorial densities (as high as 100/cm³), and reduced scale height (as small as 0.2 Rs). Localized reductions in electron temperature are observed near the L shells of Tethys, Dione, and possibly Rhea. The suprathermal electrons are observed to be severely depleted within the inner plasma torus, relative to that in the extended plasma sheet and hot outer magnetosphere. The energy dependence of the depletions indicate an interaction with dust or plasma waves at times; interactions with neutral gas or plasma ions may also contribute to the depletions. The data also indicate an association between the appearance of suprathermal electrons and the observed emission of whistler mode waves reported by Gurnett et al. (1981).
Automatic hotspot classification using pattern-based clustering

This paper proposes a new design check system that works in three steps. First, hotspots such as pinching/bridging are recognized in a product layout based on thorough process simulations. Small layout snippets centered on hotspots are clipped from the layout and similarities between these snippets are calculated by computing their overlapping areas. This is accomplished using an efficient, rectangle-based algorithm. The snippet overlapping areas can be weighted by a function derived from the optical parameters of the lithography process. Second, these hotspots are clustered using a hierarchical clustering algorithm. Finally, each cluster is analyzed in order to identify the common cause of failure for all the hotspots in that cluster, and its representative pattern is fed to a pattern-matching tool for detecting similar hotspots in new design layouts. Thus, the long list of hotspots is reduced to a small number of meaningful clusters and a library of characterized hotspot types is produced. This could lead to automated hotspot corrections that exploit the similarities of hotspots occupying the same cluster. Such an application will be the subject of a future publication.
Ion acceleration and reflection on magnetotail antidipolarization fronts

Antidipolarization fronts (ADFs), tailward moving structures in the Earth's magnetotail with sharp decreases in their magnetic Bz component, are thought to be mirror images of earthward propagating dipolarization fronts (DFs) generated on the opposite side of the reconnection site. We use ARTEMIS (Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun) observations and numerical simulations to study the role of ADFs in accelerating and reflecting ambient plasma sheet ions. In both case and statistical observations before ADF arrival, tailward streaming, energy‐dispersed ions are seen first. After about 1 min, the ion fluxes are enhanced significantly with the peak shifted duskward, and then the peak gradually shifts back to the tailward direction until the ADF arrives. All these signatures are reproduced by our simulation model of ion acceleration and reflection on ADFs. We further examine typical ion trajectories before and after ADF reflection, to understand these seemingly complicated ion signatures as well as their similarities with and differences from the DF preceding signatures.
Unsupervised Hyperspectral Band Selection via Multimodal Evolutionary Algorithm and Subspace Decomposition

Unsupervised band selection is an essential task to search for representative bands in hyperspectral dimension reduction. Most of existing studies utilize the inherent attribute of hyperspectral image (HSI) and acquire single optimal band subset while ignoring the diversity of subsets. Moreover, the ordered property in HSI is expected to be focused in order to avoid choosing redundant bands. In this paper, we proposed an unsupervised band selection method based on the multimodal evolutionary algorithm and subspace decomposition to alleviate the problems. To explore the diversity of band subsets, the multimodal evolutionary algorithm is first employed in spectral subspace decomposition to seek out multiple global or local solutions. Meanwhile, in view of ordered property, we concentrate more on increasing the difference between neighbor band subspaces. Furthermore, to utilize the obtained multiple diverse band subsets, an integrated utilization strategy is adopted to improve the predicted performance. Experimental results on three popular hyperspectral remote sensing datasets and one collected composition prediction dataset show the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the superiority over state-of-the-art methods on predicted accuracy.
Generativity and inheritance: understanding Generation Z’s intention to participate in cultural heritage tourism

ABSTRACT Cultural heritage tourism (CHT) has become increasingly popular among the general public, enriching tourists’ cultural experiences and realizing their generative needs. However, limited academic attention has been paid to the research on young people’s generative needs in CHT. Therefore, this study investigated college students’ generativity and developed an extended TPB model to explore the factors influencing their travel intention in CHT. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed on the questionnaire data of 233 college students. The results indicated that college students’ generativity, attitude towards CHT, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control all positively affected their intention to participate in CHT. The positive correlation between young people’s generativity and their travel intention in CHT has contributed to the existing literature on tourist behavior. Meanwhile, some practical implications were provided for tourism managers and marketers to attract the young generation to engage in CHT.
Multifidelity surrogate modeling of experimental and computational aerodynamic data sets

This study presents a multifidelity surrogate modeling approach, combining experimental and computational aerodynamic data sets. A multifidelity cokriging regression surrogate model is used. This study highlights how lowfidelity data from computations contribute to improving surrogate models built with limited high-fidelity data from experiments. Various types of sampling design for low fidelity data are also examined to study the impact of characteristics of the sampling design on the final surrogate models. Replication, blocking, and randomization techniques originally developed for design of experiments are used to minimize random and systematic errors. Surrogate models representing the performance of an inverted wing with counter-rotating vortex generators in ground effect are constructed, where design variables of the wing ride height and incidence and the response of sectional downforce are examined. A cokriging regression containing 12 experimental and 25 computational data points sampled with a Latin hypercube design shows the best performance here, capturing general characteristics of the target map well.