Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biospeckle: fractional Fourier transform point of view

The dynamic speckle analysis has been done because speckle interference began to be evaluated as an important source of information, especially those related to biological samples under laser beam. The biospeckle is a phenomenon produced naturally when biological material is illuminated by laser light. If it is possible to record the temporal history of the phenomenon, it will be possible to identify, in a seed, areas with different activity. Biospeckle or dynamic speckle can be used as a method for analysing activity, biologic or not, from materials illuminated with laser beam. The Spatial Temporal Speckle (STS) contains data of time information of dynamic speckle and it is used as input for many techniques allowing the analysis of the activity which is being monitored. This paper presents the results of analysing biospeckle data using fractional order Fourier transform, coefficient filtering and reconstruction, with a novel approach to increase the information obtained.
Study on Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Submicron Fibers Loaded with Cobalt-Ferro Alloy and Compounds

In this work, carbon submicron fiber composites loaded with a cobalt-ferric alloy and cobalt-ferric binary metal compounds were prepared by electrospinning and high temperature annealing using cobalt-ferric acetone and ferric acetone as precursors and polyacrylonitrile as a carbon source. The phase transformation mechanism of the carbon submicron fiber-supported Co-Fe bimetallic compound during high temperature annealing was investigated. The electrochemical properties of the carbon submicron fiber-supported Co-Fe alloy and Co-Fe oxide self-supported electrode materials were investigated. The results show that at 138 °C, the heterogeneous submicron fibers of cobalt acetylacetonate and acetylacetone iron began to decompose and at 200 °C, CoFe2O4 was generated in the fiber. As the annealing temperature increases further, some metal compounds in the carbon fiber are reduced to CoFe2O4 alloy, and two phases of CoFe2O4 and CoFe-Fe-alloy exist in the fiber. After 200 cycles, the specific capacity of CF-P500 is 500 mAh g−1. The specific capacity of the composite carbon submicron fiber electrode material can be significantly improved by the introduction of CoFe2O4. When the binary metal oxides are used as electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries, alloy dealloying and conversion reactions can occur at the same time in the reverse process of lithium intercalation, the two reactions form a synergistic effect, and the cobalt-iron alloy in the material increases the electrical conductivity. Therefore, the carbon submicron fiber loaded with CoFe2O4/CoFe has an excellent electrochemical performance.
Bubble dynamics—from single bubbles to ensembles

In a sound field a bubble is forced to oscillate and behaves like a strongly nonlinear oscillator. Moreover, this oscillator alters its parameters by diffusion of gas into and out of the bubble and opens up new dimensions when starting surface oscillations. Theoretical models that incorporate these phenomena are investigated. Part of the parameter space given by the amplitude and frequency of the sound field and by the bubble radius is scanned to get the regions of stable bubble oscillations with respect to diffusion and surface oscillations. Experimentally, single bubbles can be investigated best either by keeping them in a trap or by generating them by focused laser light. For interaction studies with two bubbles a trapped bubble and a laser bubble have been taken. The motion of the bubbles and their interaction is studied by high speed photography and compared with bubble interaction models.
New Delay-Dependent Global Exponential Stability Criterion for Cellular-Type Neural Networks

The problem ensuring the global exponential stabil- ity (GES) of a class of delayed cellular neural networks (CNNs) with time-varying delays is studied. Without assuming the bound- edness of the activation functions, by applying the idea of the Lyapunov function, the linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques, the free-weighting matrix method, and a novel equation, a new sufficient condition for the GES of CNNs with time-varying delays is obtained, which generalizes the previous results in the literature. The criterion is easy to be verified since it takes the form of an LMI. Three numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and less conservativeness of our proposed method. Index Terms—Cellular neural networks (CNNs), global expo- nential stability (GES), linear matrix inequality (LMI), time- varying delays.
E2000+223: A NEWLY DISCOVERED OLD NOVA?

The X-ray source, E2000 + 223, serendipitously discovered by the Einstein Observatory, has been tentatively identified with an old nova shell. Spectroscopic observations of the diffuse optical counterpart show a heavily reddened continuum with bright forbidden S II emission lines at double lambda 6716, 6732. Radio observations at the VLA show a weak (about 1.2 mJy) extended radio source, with a nonthermal spectrum, concident with the optical emission. The observations can be best explained by assuming the object is an old nova which erupted sometime in the eighteenth or nineteenth century, similar to GK Per (Nova 1901) but at a distance of 1.4 kpc.
Effective Size of Age-Structured Populations with Cyclic Change in Size

Assuming a random mating population of monoecious diploid, I derived an expression for the effective size of an age-structured population that varies the size over time in cycles of a given length. From the asymptotic contributions of age groups to the coancestry after many repetitions of cycles, an equation for the effective population size per cycle was derived, which showed a different expression from the previously published equation. Effect of the discrepancy was numerically evaluated with a hypothetical ladybird population with seasonal periodicity in size. The equation derived in this study gave a reasonably precise value, while the published one underestimated the effective size. The effect of estimation error of the census population size on the estimate of the effective size was also evaluated with the obtained formulae.
Human Cytochrome P450 1, 2, 3 Families as Pharmacogenes with Emphases on Their Antimalarial and Antituberculosis Drugs and Prevalent African Alleles

Precision medicine gives individuals tailored medical treatment, with the genotype determining the therapeutic strategy, the appropriate dosage, and the likelihood of benefit or toxicity. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme families 1, 2, and 3 play a pivotal role in eliminating most drugs. Factors that affect CYP function and expression have a major impact on treatment outcomes. Therefore, polymorphisms of these enzymes result in alleles with diverse enzymatic activity and drug metabolism phenotypes. Africa has the highest CYP genetic diversity and also the highest burden of malaria and tuberculosis, and this review presents current general information on CYP enzymes together with variation data concerning antimalarial and antituberculosis drugs, while focusing on the first three CYP families. Afrocentric alleles such as CYP2A6*17, CYP2A6*23, CYP2A6*25, CYP2A6*28, CYP2B6*6, CYP2B6*18, CYP2C8*2, CYP2C9*5, CYP2C9*8, CYP2C9*9, CYP2C19*9, CYP2C19*13, CYP2C19*15, CYP2D6*2, CYP2D6*17, CYP2D6*29, and CYP3A4*15 are implicated in diverse metabolic phenotypes of different antimalarials such as artesunate, mefloquine, quinine, primaquine, and chloroquine. Moreover, CYP3A4, CYP1A1, CYP2C8, CYP2C18, CYP2C19, CYP2J2, and CYP1B1 are implicated in the metabolism of some second-line antituberculosis drugs such as bedaquiline and linezolid. Drug–drug interactions, induction/inhibition, and enzyme polymorphisms that influence the metabolism of antituberculosis, antimalarial, and other drugs, are explored. Moreover, a mapping of Afrocentric missense mutations to CYP structures and a documentation of their known effects provided structural insights, as understanding the mechanism of action of these enzymes and how the different alleles influence enzyme function is invaluable to the advancement of precision medicine.
Aspects of Numerical Methods for Elliptic Singular Perturbation Problems

Upwind difference, defect correction and central difference schemes for the solution of the convection-diffusion equation with small viscosity coefficient are compared. It is shown that central difference schemes and hence also standard Galerkin finite element methods are preferable above upwind and defect correction schemes, when Gaussian elimination is used for the solution of the resulting system of equations.When iterative solution methods are employed good results can be achieved by a defect-correction method, whereas upwind difference schemes are generally inaccurate.
Low-Cost Microcontroller-Based Multiparametric Probe for Coastal Area Monitoring

The monitoring of the coastal environment is a crucial factor in ensuring its proper management. Nevertheless, existing monitoring technologies are limited due to their cost, temporal resolution, and maintenance needs. Therefore, limited data are available for coastal environments. In this paper, we present a low-cost multiparametric probe that can be deployed in coastal areas and integrated into a wireless sensor network to send data to a database. The multiparametric probe is composed of physical sensors capable of measuring water temperature, salinity, and total suspended solids (TSS). The node can store the data in an SD card or send them. A real-time clock is used to tag the data and to ensure data gathering every hour, putting the node in deep sleep mode in the meantime. The physical sensors for salinity and TSS are created for this probe and calibrated. The calibration results indicate that no effect of temperature is found for both sensors and no interference of salinity in the measuring of TSS or vice versa. The obtained calibration model for salinity is characterised by a correlation coefficient of 0.9 and a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.74 g/L. Meanwhile, different calibration models for TSS were obtained based on using different light wavelengths. The best case was using a simple regression model with blue light. The model is characterised by a correlation coefficient of 0.99 and an MAE of 12 mg/L. When both infrared and blue light are used to prevent the effect of different particle sizes, the determination coefficient of 0.98 and an MAE of 57 mg/L characterised the multiple regression model.
An introduction to stochastic processes with applications to biology

Review of Probability Theory and an Introduction to Stochastic Processes Introduction Brief Review of Probability Theory Generating Functions Central Limit Theorem Introduction to Stochastic Processes An Introductory Example: A Simple Birth Process Discrete-Time Markov Chains Introduction Definitions and Notation Classification of States First Passage Time Basic Theorems for Markov Chains Stationary Probability Distribution Finite Markov Chains An Example: Genetics Inbreeding Problem Monte Carlo Simulation Unrestricted Random Walk in Higher Dimensions Biological Applications of Discrete-Time Markov Chains Introduction Proliferating Epithelial Cells Restricted Random Walk Models Random Walk with Absorbing Boundaries Random Walk on a Semi-Infinite Domain General Birth and Death Process Logistic Growth Process Quasistationary Probability Distribution SIS Epidemic Model Chain Binomial Epidemic Models Discrete-Time Branching Processes Introduction Definitions and Notation Probability Generating Function of Xn Probability of Population Extinction Mean and Variance of Xn Environmental Variation Multitype Branching Processes Continuous-Time Markov Chains Introduction Definitions and Notation The Poisson Process Generator Matrix Q Embedded Markov Chain and Classification of States Kolmogorov Differential Equations Stationary Probability Distribution Finite Markov Chains Generating Function Technique Interevent Time and Stochastic Realizations Review of Method of Characteristics Continuous-Time Birth and Death Chains Introduction General Birth and Death Process Stationary Probability Distribution Simple Birth and Death Processes Queueing Process Population Extinction First Passage Time Logistic Growth Process Quasistationary Probability Distribution An Explosive Birth Process Nonhomogeneous Birth and Death Process Biological Applications of Continuous-Time Markov Chains Introduction Continuous-Time Branching Processes SI and SIS Epidemic Processes Multivariate Processes Enzyme Kinetics SIR Epidemic Process Competition Process Predator-Prey Process Diffusion Processes and Stochastic Differential Equations Introduction Definitions and Notation Random Walk and Brownian Motion Diffusion Process Kolmogorov Differential Equations Wiener Process Ito Stochastic Integral Ito Stochastic Differential Equation (SDE) First Passage Time Numerical Methods for SDEs An Example: Drug Kinetics Biological Applications of Stochastic Differential Equations Introduction Multivariate Processes Derivation of Ito SDEs Scalar Ito SDEs for Populations Enzyme Kinetics SIR Epidemic Process Competition Process Predator-Prey Process Population Genetics Process Appendix: Hints and Solutions to Selected Exercises Index Exercises and References appear at the end of each chapter.
The Physical Properties of the Midcourse Space Experiment Galactic Infrared-dark Clouds

The SPIRIT III infrared telescope on the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) satellite has provided an unprecedented view of the mid-infrared emission (8-25 μm) of the Galactic plane. An initial analysis of images from MSX Galactic plane survey data reveals dark clouds seen in silhouette against the bright emission from the Galactic plane (Egan et al.). These clouds have mid-infrared extinctions in excess of 2 mag at 8 μm. We probed the physical properties of 10 of these MSX dark clouds using millimeter-wave molecular rotational lines as an indicator of dense molecular gas. All 10 clouds were detected in millimeter spectral lines of H2CO, which confirms the presence of dense gas. The distances to these clouds range from 1 to 8 kiloparsecs and their diameters from 0.4 to 15.0 pc. Excitation analysis of the observed lines indicates that the clouds are cold (T < 20 K) and dense [n(H2) > 105 cm-3]. Some of the clouds have nearby H II regions, H2O masers, and other tracers of star formation at comparable spectral line velocities; however, only one cloud contains embedded centimeter or infrared sources. The lack of mid- to far-infrared emission associated with these clouds suggests that they are not currently forming high-mass stars. If star formation is present in these clouds, it is clearly protostellar class 0 or earlier.
Arrow's Impossibility Without Unanimity

Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem states that any constitution which satisfies Transitivity, Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives (IIA) and Unanimity is a dictatorship. Wilson derived properties of constitutions satisfying Transitivity and IIA for unrestricted domains where ties are allowed. In this paper we consider the case where only strict preferences are allowed. In this case we derive a new short proof of Arrow theorem and further obtain a new and complete characterization of all functions satisfying Transitivity and IIA. The proof is based on a variant of the method of pivotal voters due to Barbera.
Design of minimum noise digital filters subject to inequality constraints using quadratic programming

A numerical method is presented for designing digital filters. The method allows one to minimize the mean-square error or noise power over some intervals of frequency, while simultaneously constraining the maximum error in other intervals of frequency. Thus, for example, one can minimize noise power from a stopband of frequencies while constraining signal fidelity in a passband of frequencies by limiting the maximum passband deviation.
A 3-D Semi-Deterministic MIMO Beam Channel Model for Cellular-Assisted Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Communications

The multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO)-based millimeter-wave (mmWave) propagation is envisioned as a key technology to offer greater bandwidths than previously available for vehicular communications. In this article, we propose a 3-D semi-deterministic MIMO beam channel model to characterize the fading properties of cellular-assisted mmWave communications. First, we analyze the digital beamforming effects on multipaths and find that beams act like spatial filters. Then, we propose a cluster generation method, which assemblies single-bounce (SB)-based reflection points and surrounding scatterers into a group. On this basis, the SB reflection and scattering propagation mechanisms via clusters are realized by using ray tracing (RT) and propagation-graph (PG) models, respectively. Furthermore, we use the directive scattering model to enhance the modeling accuracy regarding scattering components. Based on our proposal, position and beamwidth-based channel statistical properties, including power delay profile (PDP), spatial cross correlation function (CCF), Doppler power spectrum density (PSD), and additional path loss (PL) are fully investigated considering perfect beam alignment. Numerical results show that our proposal is capable of emulating beam-dependent mmWave channel and narrow beamwidths cause few multipaths and higher PL. Besides, it can capture the nonstationarities for given scenarios, which can be adapted to various communication scenarios by establishing the corresponding digital maps.
URBAN INTERVENTION, PROSPERITY AND WELL-BEING

Friedrich Hayek argumentó que el intervencionismo manipula el “conocimiento local” dentro de la sociedad, lo cual es perjudicial para su economía. Tras una explicación sobre cómo el intervencionismo puede alterar el carácter de las personas, este artículo se enfoca en la manipulación del conocimiento local de una ciudad a través de la “planificación urbana racionalista” en particular. Después de contextualizar el debate entre Jane Jacobs y Robert Moses, el artículo refuerza los argumentos de Sanford Ikeda sobre cómo el intervencionismo urbano sofoca la acción humana y erosiona la creatividad empresarial de los habitantes de una ciudad, con consecuencias sobre la vitalidad económica y el estado mental de los individuos. Se argumenta que la subversión de las interacciones sociales, que resulta de la planificación, es destructiva para la mentalidad de perseverancia y responsabilidad. Por lo tanto, este tema es esencial para la crítica Austriaca del paradigma económico y social dominante. Palabras clave: Planificación urbana | Intervencionismo | Conocimiento local | Orden espontáneo. Clasificación JEL: A13, B53, I31, Z13.
Thermally-Stimulated Currents in Polytetrafluoroethylene in the Neighborhood of Room-Temperature Transitions

Thermally stimulated currents (TSC) in polytetrafluoroethylene in the neighborhood of room-temperature transitions were measured. Information on the TSC peaks arising from room-temperature transitions can be summarized as follows. The depolarization current did not contribute to the TSC peaks arising from room-temperature transitions. TSC peaks due to the temperature variation of the dielectric constant arising from room-temperature transitions were found under a bias electric field, and the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant was evaluated from the TSC. A pyroelectric current peak which was reversible for the temperature variation arising from the room-temperature transition was found.
Microbiological Findings and Clinical Outcomes in Ugandan Patients with Infected Burn Wounds

Nosocomial wound infections are a dreaded complication in patients with burns. However, access to the necessary microbiological diagnostics is impaired in low-resource settings. This prospective observational cohort study aimed to describe the bacterial pathogens, resistance profiles and clinical outcomes of patients with wound infections admitted to the largest specialized unit for burns and plastic surgery in Uganda. Blood and wound swab cultures were taken for bacterial species identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing. A total of 140 patients (female: n = 62, 44.3%) with a median age of 26 (IQR 7–35) years were included between October 2020 and April 2022, of which the majority (n = 101, 72.2%) had burn wounds (72.3% Grade 2b, 14.9% Grade 3). Gram-negative Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. were most commonly isolated from wound swabs and nearly all isolates were multidrug resistant with very limited treatment options. While the clinical outcome was favorable in 21 (15%) study participants, the majority were left with disabilities (minor: n = 41, 29.3%, moderate: n = 52, 37%, major: n = 14 (10%)). Twelve (8.6%) study participants died, mostly of Gram-negative sepsis. Our findings highlight the urgent need for routine access to microbiological diagnostics to improve patient care and local surveillance efforts on antimicrobial resistance.
Understanding the Continuance Intention of Omnichannel: Combining TAM and TPB

Nowadays, consumers use information devices to use products and services through various channels. Omnichannel promotes sales improvement by allowing businesses to secure multiple channels. It provides consumers with a wider range of choices and monetary advantages. As such, omnichannel facilitates economic sustainability as a major platform for commerce. The purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of consumers’ continuous intention to use omnichannel. This research collected data from 262 consumers who had used omnichannel. Partial lease square structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the empirical data. The results found that accessibility positively affects perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and relative advantage. Monetary saving positively influences relative advantage. Perceived risk has a negative association with relative advantage. Continuance intention is influenced by relative advantage, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. This study offers an academic contribution in that the model was expanded by combining the theories of both technology and human behavior. It provides practical implications that omnichannel practitioners should prioritize money saving, perceived risks, and relative advantages. To enhance the generality of the results, future research needs to survey consumers in more countries. This work would be a useful guide to the sustainability of the economy.
50−nm silicon structures fabricated with trilevel electron beam resist and reactive‐ion etching

A trilevel electron beam resist has been used to make 25‐nm metal features on thick silicon substrates. Using this metal as a mask for reactive ion etching, silicon structures 0.33 μm deep have been fabricated. The resist consists of a thin upper layer of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), a middle layer of Ge, and a lower layer of co‐polymer of methylmethacrylate and methacrylic acid, P(MMA/MAA). High‐resolution patterns are written in the upper resist layer and are transferred to the lower layers by reactive‐ion etching. Completed resist stencils have 300‐nm high walls with near‐vertical profiles and are suitable for liftoff processing.