Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population Health Surveillance Using Mobile Phone Surveys in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Methodology and Sample Representativeness of a Cross-sectional Survey of Live Poultry Exposure in Bangladesh

Background Population-based health surveys are typically conducted using face-to-face household interviews in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, telephone-based surveys are cheaper, faster, and can provide greater access to hard-to-reach or remote populations. The rapid growth in mobile phone ownership in LMICs provides a unique opportunity to implement novel data collection methods for population health surveys. Objective This study aims to describe the development and population representativeness of a mobile phone survey measuring live poultry exposure in urban Bangladesh. Methods A population-based, cross-sectional, mobile phone survey was conducted between September and November 2019 in North and South Dhaka City Corporations (DCC), Bangladesh, to measure live poultry exposure using a stratified probability sampling design. Data were collected using a computer-assisted telephone interview platform. The call operational data were summarized, and the participant data were weighted by age, sex, and education to the 2011 census. The demographic distribution of the weighted sample was compared with external sources to assess population representativeness. Results A total of 5486 unique mobile phone numbers were dialed, with 1047 respondents completing the survey. The survey had an overall response rate of 52.2% (1047/2006) and a co-operation rate of 89.0% (1047/1176). Initial results comparing the sociodemographic profile of the survey sample to the census population showed that mobile phone sampling slightly underrepresented older individuals and overrepresented those with higher secondary education. After weighting, the demographic profile of the sample population matched well with the latest DCC census population profile. Conclusions Probability-based mobile phone survey sampling and data collection methods produced a population-representative sample with minimal adjustment in DCC, Bangladesh. Mobile phone–based surveys can offer an efficient, economic, and robust way to conduct surveillance for population health outcomes, which has important implications for improving population health surveillance in LMICs.
Health care resource use, short-term disability days, and costs associated with states of persistence on antidepressant lines of therapy

Abstract Aims To compare health care resource utilization (HCRU), short-term disability days, and costs between states of persistence on antidepressant lines of therapy after evidence of treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Methods Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) were identified in the IBM MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental Databases (01/01/2013–03/04/2019), Multi-State Medicaid Database (01/01/2013–12/31/2018), and Health Productivity Management Database (01/01/2015–12/31/2018). The index date was the date of the first evidence of TRD during the first observed major depressive episode. The follow-up period was divided into 45-day increments and categorized into persistence states: (1) evaluation (first 45 days after evidence of TRD); (2) persistence on the early line after evidence of TRD; (3) persistence on a late line; and (4) non-persistence. HCRU, short-term disability days, and costs were compared between persistence states using multivariate generalized estimating equations. Results Among 10,053 patients with TRD, the evaluation state was associated with higher likelihood of all-cause inpatient admissions (odds ratio [OR; 95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.79 [1.49, 2.14]), emergency department visits (OR [95% CI] = 1.23 [1.12, 1.34]), and outpatient visits (OR [95% CI] = 3.83 [3.51, 4.18]; all p < .001) versus persistence on the early-line therapy. This resulted in $374 higher mean PPPM all-cause health care costs (95% CI = 265, 470; p < .001) during evaluation versus persistence on the early line therapy. The evaluation state was associated with 89% more short-term disability days (OR [95% CI] = 1.89 [1.49, 2.57] and $212 higher mean PPPM short-term disability costs (95% CI = 64, 259) relative to persistence on the early line (both p < .001). Moreover, during persistence on a later line, mean PPPM all-cause health care costs were $141 higher (95% CI = 13, 242; p = .028) relative to the early line. Limitations Medication may have been dispensed but not actually taken. Conclusions Higher costs during the first 45 days after evidence of the presence of TRD and during persistence on a late line relative to persistence on the early-line therapy suggest there are benefits to using more effective treatments earlier.
Fertility preservation of polypoid endometriosis: Case series and literature review

Polypoid endometriosis (PE) is a rare distinctive variant of endometriosis with morphological features resembling malignant tumors. Although a surgical procedure is usually performed for the treatment and diagnosis of PE, fertility preservation is usually desired in cases of reproductive age. However, there have been no reports of fertility‐preserving treatments resulting in live births. In this study, we report three cases of PE that were diagnosed preoperatively or intraoperatively, leading to fertility preservation. Intraoperative pathological diagnosis, hysteroscopy, and hormone therapy before treatment were useful for preoperative diagnosis in the three cases. Two of the three patients got pregnant and the pregnancy progressed to a live birth. We also performed a literature review to identify the clinical characteristics indicative of the preoperative diagnosis of PE.
Will I have sex to please you? Evaluating whether mindfulness buffers links between attachment and sexual motivations in daily life

Abstract Insecurely attached individuals are more likely to report more maladaptive sexual motivations that predict worse personal and interpersonal outcomes. Given that mindfulness has been linked with improved relationship and sexual experiences, and that these effects may be moderated by attachment, the current study examined the possible buffering role of trait mindfulness on the links between attachment insecurity and daily sexual motives. Participants from New Zealand (N = 70) took part in a daily diary study that overcame limitations associated with previous cross-sectional research in the area (e.g., recall and aggregation biases). Online measures of trait mindfulness and attachment were completed, before participants reported their sexual motivations on each day they had sex for the next 14 days. Results provided some evidence that trait mindfulness has a therapeutic effect among more anxiously attached persons insofar as it reduced the degree to which attachment concerns manifested in maladaptive daily sexual motivations. In contrast, trait mindfulness did not buffer (and in some cases intensified) the links between attachment avoidance and maladaptive sexual motives. No significant interactions were detected between attachment insecurity and mindfulness in the prediction of adaptive daily sexual motivations. These findings suggest that mindfulness may differentially affect the manifestations of anxious and avoidant attachment. Practical and theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.
Effect of Diminutive Adenoma with High-Grade Dysplasia on Surveillance Colonoscopy Interval

Background: Colonoscopy surveillance guidelines set the surveillance schedule based on polyp characteristics. Polyps with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) require 3 years of follow-up regardless of size. However, it is unclear whether patients with diminutive polyps (≤5 mm) with HGD have a higher risk. We evaluated the effect of diminutive adenoma with HGD on adenoma occurrence. Methods: From January 2015 to December 2017, patients who underwent index and surveillance colonoscopy were retrospectively screened. The patients were grouped into no adenoma group, low-risk (patients with ≤2 low-grade dysplasia [LGD]), diminutive HGD, and high-risk (HGD >5 mm, ≥3 adenomas) groups according to the index colonoscopy results. Each group was analyzed using logistic analysis. Results: The mean follow-up period was 22.47 months. Altogether, 610 (50.45%) patients had LGD and 152 (12.5%) had HGD. Among them, 61 (5.0%) patients had a diminutive polyp with HGD. Analysis of the risks of developing advanced adenoma in the surveillance colonoscopy showed that compared to the no adenoma group, the diminutive HGD group did not show a significant risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.503 [0.449–5.027], p = 0.509), while the high-risk group showed a significant risk (OR = 2.044 [1.015–4.114], p = 0.045). Conclusions: Diminutive adenoma with HGD increased the risk of adenoma on surveillance colonoscopy, and in the case of advanced adenoma, the risk was increased, but it was not statistically significant.
수도권대학 신규캠퍼스 학생주거와 대학촌 개발 연구 ( A Study for Student Housing and Campus Village Development )

서울소재 대학이 1929년 이후 설치한 제2캠퍼스를 경기도 용인군을 대상으로 1)학생주거와 대학촌의 현황과 문제점의 파악 2)신규개발여건에 관계되는 상위계획과 개발시도의 평가 3)개발을 위한 부분별 활동의 제시 등을 현지조사와 관청 자료의 열람을 통해 행하고 있다. 개발의 전제로서 1)학사활동 강화와 현지거주 유도 2)시설 재활용의 개선 3)지역과의 관계 강화 4)배후도시의 절대규모의 성장을 들고 있다. 시설별 개발레벨로서 기숙사는 공공건설에 의해 3단계 기간에 60% 수용을 목표로 하며, 농가 하숙촌은 하부구조를 개선하며, 대학촌은 도시계획과 국토이용계획과 연계시켜 개발사업을 시행하며, 이에 저해되는 요소를 조정하는 종합조절이 필요함을 강조하였다.
Soil burial reduces decomposition and offsets erosion‐induced soil carbon losses in the Indian Himalaya

The extent to which soil erosion is a net source or sink of carbon globally remains unresolved but has the potential to play a key role in determining the magnitude of CO2 emissions from land‐use change in rapidly eroding landscapes. The effects of soil erosion on carbon storage in low‐input agricultural systems, in acknowledged global soil erosion hotspots in developing countries, are especially poorly understood. Working in one such hotspot, the Indian Himalaya, we measured and modelled field‐scale soil budgets, to quantify erosion‐induced changes in soil carbon storage. In addition, we used long‐term (1‐year) incubations of separate and mixed soil horizons to better understand the mechanisms controlling erosion‐induced changes in soil carbon cycling. We demonstrate that high rates of soil erosion did not promote a net carbon loss to the atmosphere at the field scale. Furthermore, our experiments showed that rates of decomposition in the organic matter‐rich subsoil layers in depositional areas were lower per unit of soil carbon than from other landscape positions; however, these rates could be increased by mixing with topsoils. The results indicate that, the burial of soil carbon, and separation from fresh carbon inputs, led to reduced rates of decomposition offsetting potential carbon losses during soil erosion and transport within the cultivated fields. We conclude that the high rates of erosion experienced in these Himalayan soils do not, in isolation, drive substantial emissions of organic carbon, and there is the potential to promote carbon storage through sustainable agricultural practice.
Insights into the role of vaginal microbiome in women's health

The vaginal microbiome is a complex and dynamic microecosystem that fluctuates continually throughout a woman's life. Lactobacillus, a bacterium that possesses antibacterial properties dominates a healthy vaginal microbiome. Bacterial vaginosis is the most common vaginal disorder that has been linked with the dysbiosis of normal vaginal microbiota. Despite the importance of vaginal microbiome, little is known about functions it performs especially, how it helps in protecting the female reproductive tract. This knowledge gap is a significant impediment to the development of effective and feasible clinical treatments that might be required to improve women's health. Thus, a deeper understanding of the functional aspects and not just the composition of vaginal microbiome may aid in improving the diagnostics and treatment strategies. Recent advancement in molecular methods and computational biology have allowed researchers to acquire more knowledge about the vaginal microbiome. The use of metagenomics (culture‐independent high‐throughput technology) and bioinformatics tools have improved our understanding of the vaginal microbiome. In this review, we have attempted to explore the factors that may alter normal vaginal microbiota homeostasis such as age, sexual behavior, ethnicity, and hygiene, and so forth. We also discuss the role of probiotics in restoring healthy vaginal microbiome.
Comparison of mechanical and optical properties of a newly marketed universal composite resin with contemporary universal composite resins: An in vitro study

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness, microhardness, color change, and translucency of a newly marketed universal nanohybrid composite resin (CR) (G‐aenial A'CHORD) comparing with four contemporary universal CRs including two nanofilled (Filtek and Estelite Asteria) and two nanohybrid CRs (Charisma Dimond and Neo Spectra ST HV in vitro). Sixty‐five specimens (8.0 mm × 2.0 mm) were fabricated (n = 13, per group). After finishing and polishing, specimens were subjected to surface roughness and microhardness tests. Color and translucency of the specimens were evaluated at baseline and after darkening with coffee solution at day 1 and day 7. A representative specimen from each group was investigated under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data was analyzed statistically (p < .05). There were significant differences among the groups in terms of surface roughness, microhardness, color, and translucency. The surface roughness was recorded as: Charisma Diamond > Neo Spectra ST HV, Filtek > Estelite Asteria, G‐aenial A'CHORD, whereas Vickers Hardness number was as: Filtek, Charisma Diamond > Neo Spectra ST HV > G‐aenial A'CHORD, Estelite Asteria. Color change was as: Charisma Diamond > Neo Spectra ST HV, Filtek, G‐aenial A'CHORD > Estelite Asteria and the translucency was as: Neo Spectra ST HV > G‐aenial A'CHORD, Filtek > Estelite Asteria, Charisma Diamond. SEM examinations revealed smooth surfaces for G‐aenial A'CHORD, Neo Spectra ST HV and Estelite Asteria. Mechanical and optical properties of universal composite resins with different compositions show variations.
World scientists’ warnings into action, local to global

‘We have kicked the can down the road once again – but we are running out of road. ’ – Rachel Kyte, Dean of Fletcher School at Tufts University. We, in our capacities as scientists, economists, governance and policy specialists, are shifting from warnings to guidance for action before there is no more ‘road. ’ The science is clear and irrefutable; humanity is in advanced ecological overshoot. Our overexploitation of resources exceeds ecosystems’ capacity to provide them or to absorb our waste. Society has failed to meet clearly stated goals of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Civilization faces an epochal crossroads, but with potentially much better, wiser outcomes if we act now. What are the concrete and transformative actions by which we can turn away from the abyss? In this paper we forcefully recommend priority actions and resource allocation to avert the worst of the climate and nature emergencies, two of the most pressing symptoms of overshoot, and lead society into a future of greater wellbeing and wisdom. Humanity has begun the social, economic, political and technological initiatives needed for this transformation. Now, massive upscaling and acceleration of these actions and collaborations are essential before irreversible tipping points are crossed in the coming decade. We still can overcome significant societal, political and economic barriers of our own making. Previously, we identified six core areas for urgent global action – energy, pollutants, nature, food systems, population stabilization and economic goals. Here we identify an indicative, systemic and time-limited framework for priority actions for policy, planning and management at multiple scales from household to global. We broadly follow the ‘Reduce-Remove-Repair’ approach to rapid action. To guide decision makers, planners, managers, and budgeters, we cite some of the many experiments, mechanisms and resources in order to facilitate rapid global adoption of effective solutions. Our biggest challenges are not technical, but social, economic, political and behavioral. To have hope of success, we must accelerate collaborative actions across scales, in different cultures and governance systems, while maintaining adequate social, economic and political stability. Effective and timely actions are still achievable on many, though not all fronts. Such change will mean the difference for billions of children and adults, hundreds of thousands of species, health of many ecosystems, and will determine our common future.
Antipsychotic medication for women with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Abstract There are significant differences between men and women in the efficacy and tolerability of antipsychotic drugs. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of what is currently known about the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antipsychotics in women with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) and translate these insights into considerations for clinical practice. Slower drug absorption, metabolism and excretion in women all lead to higher plasma levels, which increase the risk for side-effects. Moreover, women reach higher dopamine receptor occupancy compared to men at similar serum levels, since oestrogens increase dopamine sensitivity. As current treatment guidelines are based on studies predominantly conducted in men, women are likely to be overmedicated by default. The risk of overmedicating generally increases when sex hormone levels are high (e.g. during ovulation and gestation), whereas higher doses may be required during low-hormonal phases (e.g. during menstruation and menopause). For premenopausal women, with the exceptions of quetiapine and lurasidone, doses of antipsychotics should be lower with largest adjustments required for olanzapine. Clinicians should be wary of side-effects that are particularly harmful in women, such as hyperprolactinaemia which can cause oestrogen deficiency and metabolic symptoms that may cause cardiovascular diseases. Given the protective effects of oestrogens on the course of SSD, oestrogen replacement therapy should be considered for postmenopausal patients, who are more vulnerable to side-effects and yet require higher dosages of most antipsychotics to reach similar efficacy. In conclusion, there is a need for tailored, female-specific prescription guidelines, which take into account adjustments required across different phases of life.
Virtual Visits in Prenatal Care: An Integrative Review.

INTRODUCTION Addressing gaps in access to prenatal care is an important step to reversing rising rates of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality and invites the exploration of innovative care models. This integrative review of published literature explores the patient, health care provider, and organizational experience of integrating virtual visits in prenatal care. METHODS A literature search to identify original studies and quality improvement projects published between 2010 and 2020 was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Google Scholar using keywords associated with both telemedicine and prenatal care. Inclusion criteria specified articles pertaining to synchronous virtual visits between pregnant patients and health care providers, and articles were excluded if visits were not pregnancy-centric or pertaining to telemonitoring or mobile applications. Reference lists of identified reviews were screened, and a hand search of 4 applicable journals was also conducted. Findings were organized according to the factors of the social ecological model: individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy. RESULTS The search identified 2666 articles after duplicates were removed, of which 13 met all criteria. Findings across these 13 articles indicated strong patient and health care provider satisfaction with virtual care related to cost savings and convenience, with clinic wait times and cancellation rates also improving. Health care provider input and thoughtful organizational planning were key to a smooth telemedicine implementation process. There were notably no significant differences in clinical outcomes for those who used virtual care. DISCUSSION Although data are limited, offering an integrated model that uses both virtual visits and in-person visits has been well-received by patients and health care providers and could improve access to care well into the future. Virtual visits in prenatal care have been well-received by patients and health care providers, showing promise as an emerging model for improving access to care.
Can Skin Temperature Be Altered After Different Magnitudes of Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage?

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to assess skin temperature (Tsk) changes after different magnitudes of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) of the elbow flexor muscles and investigate whether Tsk is related to indirect markers of EIMD. Methods: Thirty healthy active men were randomly allocated to the mild (MiDG) (n = 15) or moderate (MoDG) (n = 15) muscle damage group. Muscle damage in elbow flexor muscles was induced by 10 (for MiDG) or 30 (for MoDG) maximal eccentric isokinetic contractions at 60 degrees/s. Tsk, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, range of motion (ROM), and pressure pain threshold (PPT) were measured before and up to 72 hr after EIMD. Results: Tsk increased only immediately after EIMD (p < .05; f = 1.44) in the MoDG (4.2%) and MiDG (4.6%), returning to near baseline values 30 min after EIMD and remaining so thereafter. In addition, there was no intergroup difference (p > .05) at any of the times analyzed, or correlation between Tsk and most indirect markers of EIMD. Conclusions: In conclusion, Tsk should not be considered an indirect marker of mild or moderate muscle damage in active men, since alterations in this variable last less than 30 min after damaging exercise and showed no correlation with most indirect markers of EIMD.