Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-thermal and magnetic field effects on surface dust-acoustic wave in magnetized Lorentzian plasmas

The non-thermal and magnetic field effects on the surface dust-acoustic mode are investigated in semi-bounded magnetized Lorentzian dusty plasma. The dispersion relations for the surface dust-acoustic wave are obtained for both the parallel and perpendicular orientations of the magnetic field using the specular reflection boundary condition with the plasma dielectric function. The result shows that the non-thermal effects on the propagation of the surface dust-acoustic waves parallel to the magnetic field are found to be more significant than those perpendicular to the magnetic field. It is also found that the group velocity of the surface dust-acoustic wave increases with an increase of the strength of the magnetic field. In addition, it is shown that the group velocity increases with an increasing of the spectral index, i.e. decreasing of the non-thermal character of the distribution function.
Photonic jet to improve the lateral resolution of laser etching

The techniques applying laser beams or optical systems are limited by the diffraction limit of the optical heads used. We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that the use of the photonic jet allows an improvement in the optical resolution to achieve smaller etching without reducing the wavelength of the source. The potential of the photonic jet using a nanosecond pulsed near-infrared laser for micro-fabrication is also demonstrated. These lasers are the most common type of laser used in industrial processes because of their price and the fact that well-packaged sources are available. Their typical spatial resolution in laser etching is limited by the spot size of their focus point at around 25-70 μm. This is the reason why a photonic jet, a high spatial concentration onto a half-wavelength spot of a beam that emerges in the vicinity of a dielectric microsphere, is of great interest. In our experiments, micro-scale glass (ns = 1.5) and BaTiO3 spheres (ns = 1.9) have been used to achieve photonic jets. The etching process has been tested on two substrates: silicon wafers, which have a significant absorption at 1064 nm, and glass plates, which have a lower absorption at this wavelength. The smallest marking achieved on silicon has an average diameter of 1.3 μm and despite the low absorption, micrometric etchings have also been achieved on glass using larger microspheres.
DELTA-S METAL ABUNDANCES OF FIELD RR LYRAE STARS

New Delta S metallicity mesurements have been obtained for 20 field RR Lyr stars which have no prior measurements or for which only uncertain values have been available. Revised values are presented for three stars observed by Preston (1959). SW Dra, which has sometimes been employed in calibrating the RR Lyr absolute magnitude-metallicity relation, is probably about 0.7 more metal poor in Fe/H than was found in some prior studies.
Novel tunable long-period fiber grating filters

A novel method to mechanically induce a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) by a grooved plate is reported. The transmission spectra of this kind of grating under different pressures and some special LPFG’s are experimentally investigated. This method is simple and reconfigurable and offers large spectra tunability. This type of LPFG has potential applications for gain flattening in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) and for filter design.
On the emissivity of alumina/aluminum composite particles

References 1 Romodanova, L. D. and Pokhil, P. K. , "Action of Silica on the Burning Rates of Ammonium Perchlorate Compositions," Fizika Goreniya, I. Vzryva. , Vol. 6, No. 3, 1970, pp. 285-288. Cohen Nir, E. , ''Combustion of Powered Metals in Contact with a Solid Oxidiser," Thirteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pa. , 1971, pp. 1019-1029. Boggs, T. L. and Zurn, D. E. , "Ammonium Perchlorate Combustion: Effects of Sample Preparation; Ingredient Type; and Pressure, Temperature and Acceleration Environments," Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 7, 1973, pp. 177-183. Rossini, F. D. , Wagman, D. D. , Evans, W. H. , Levine, S. , and Jaffe, I. , "Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties," National Bureau of Standards, 1952.
A visco‐damage model for brittle materials under monotonic and sustained stresses

A theoretical model is proposed to describe the evolution of damage in brittle materials, such as concrete and masonry, subjected to increasing or sustained stresses of relatively high intensity. The model is based on the introduction of suitable damage variables in a rheological model. In this way, it is possible to describe the material behaviour under stresses either increasing or constant in time. The capabilities of the model in describing the mechanical response of material elements subjected to different stress histories are illustrated. Some correlations with experimental data from tests performed on masonry and concrete specimens are presented, to assess the reliability of the theoretical predictions. The results of some numerical applications to non‐proportional stress paths are also illustrated. Finally, the limitations of the proposal are discussed and possible further improvements are envisaged. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
COMPARING CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS

ABSTRACT The paper compares several methods for testing the hypothesis that two independent groups have identical correlation coefficients. Here we consider not only Pearson's correlation, but several robust analogs as well. The main goal is to find some method that performs well in simulations, in terms of Type I error probabilities, when sample sizes are fairly small. Several methods have been proposed in the literature, but they are known to be unsatisfactory. Various bootstrap methods were considered in this study, but only one was found to perform reasonably well.
Relationship between the Indian monsoon rainfall and the tropospheric temperature over the Eurasian continent

Based on climatological data such as the all‐India rainfall (AIR) for 1949–98, air temperatures in the troposphere and at the land surface for 1949–98 as well as precipitation and outgoing long‐wave radiation (OLR) for 1979–98, the statistical relationship between the Indian monsoon rainfall and tropospheric temperature (TT) over the Eurasian continent is examined by using the correlation analysis and singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis methods. The main results are summarized as follows. (1) The June‐September (JJAS) AIR has significant positive correlations with the 200–700 hPa TT averaged for Eurasia in JJAS. The area with the highest simultaneous correlation of upper TT with AIR for JJAS is located in western Eurasia. There is also a region with positive simultaneous correlations in the southern subtropics covering southern Africa. The JJAS AIR also shows significant positive correlations with TT over the Eurasian continent in March‐May (MAM) and with the TT averaged over the Tibetan Plateau in September and October. Although some precursory springtime temperature signals for the anomalous summer monsoon are found in the upper TT over Eurasia, the variation in the upper TT appears mostly independent from that of the land surface temperature. (2) The anomalies of upper TT in JJAS are closely coupled with the variations in OLR related to the monsoon rainfall over tropical Asia and Africa. The spatial structure of the first SVD mode for OLR anomalies shows the coherent variations in convective activity from northern tropical Africa to India, while the pattern of the first SVD mode for 300 hPa temperature anomalies shows a distribution which is nearly symmetric with respect to the equator, with variations of the same sign over subtropical areas in both hemispheres and variations of the opposite sign around equatorial Africa. This pair of coupled patterns suggests that when the monsoon rains from tropical Africa to India become more intense, the upper troposphere from northern Africa to western Asia and over southern Africa becomes warmer. (3) The observed temperature variation in the upper troposphere over the Eurasian continent (especially western Eurasia) during the summer monsoon season is considered to be a result of the anomalous subsidence and thermal advection, dynamically induced by anomalous tropical heating associated with the enhanced monsoon rainfall. This study suggests that the tropical convective activity linked to the Indian monsoon rainfall has an impact on the atmospheric variability on a global scale.
Nonlinear effects upon waves near caustics

According to linear theory the wave intensity of a slowly varying wave train becomes particularly large near caustics. In this paper it is shown how the waves are modified when the wave intensity is sufficient for nonlinear effects to begin to be important. Two types of near-linear caustics can arise in which nonlinearity either tends to advance or to retard the reflexion of waves from the caustic. General examples are given in terms of one-dimensional wave propagation, and of propagation in a uniform medium. Detailed consideration is given to a particular example: small-amplitude water waves on deep currents. This helps to provide an interpretative framework for the large-amplitude results presented in the companion paper (Peregrine & Thomas 1979). For the more exceptional case of triple roots, or cusped caustics, the increase in wave intensity is even more dramatic. In three appendices the analysis for caustics is extended to some higher-order cases.
Multichannel soft X-ray diagnostics of hot plasma evolution in nitrogen-puff Z-pinch

Soft X-ray emission from nitrogen plasma of a small gas-puff Z-pinch is studied. A multilayer-mirror polychromator with time-resolved registration by positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diodes is installed, and its relatively narrow spectral windows are aligned to the important parts of the nitrogen spectrum between 390 and 710 eV. The electron temperature evolution (T/sub e/ approximately=400 eV in hot spots) is determined from the slope of the recombination continuum of He-like nitrogen. The T/sub e/ of bulk plasma ( approximately=100 eV) is compared with T/sub e/ calculated from yields of K-shell lines. Pinhole cameras are used for better understanding the radiation phase of the pinch. Time sequences of peaks in X-ray signals corresponding to a number of bright spots on photographs are presented. >
Fundamental Theorem of Finite Dimensional ℤ2-Graded Associative Algebras

In this article, we give an extension of the Fundamental Theorem of finite dimensional algebras to the case of ℤ2-graded algebras. Essentially, the results are the same as in the classical case, except that the notion of a ℤ2-graded division algebra needs to be modified. We classify all finite dimensional ℤ2-graded division algebras over ℂ and ℝ.
Axiomatic Development of Profile Likelihoods as the Strength of Evidence for Composite Hypotheses

One important type of question in statistical inference is how to interpret data as evidence. The law of likelihood provides a satisfactory answer in interpreting data as evidence for simple hypotheses, but remains silent for composite hypotheses. This article examines how the law of likelihood can be extended to composite hypotheses within the scope of the likelihood principle. From a system of axioms, we conclude that the strength of evidence for the composite hypotheses should be represented by an interval between lower and upper profiles likelihoods. This article is intended to reveal the connection between profile likelihoods and the law of likelihood under the likelihood principle rather than argue in favor of the use of profile likelihoods in addressing general questions of statistical inference. The interpretation of the result is also discussed.
THERMAL STABILITY OF THE NEW SOLITON TRANSPORTED BIO-ENERGY UNDER INFLUENCE OF FLUCTUATIONS OF CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETERS AT BIOLOGICAL TEMPERATURE IN THE PROTEIN MOLECULES

The dynamic behaviors of the new soliton in the improved Davydov model in the protein molecules at biological temperature have been numerically simulated by utilizing the dynamic equations for the bio-energy transport and the Runge-Kutta way. in this simulation the influences of the temperature and structure disorders of the protein molecules on the soliton transporting the bio-energy have been completely considered. We find that the new soliton is quite stable in die cases of motion of a long time of 300 ps and of disorders of the structures of the proteins at; biological temperatures of 300 K-320 K. The disorders of the structures contain the disorder of mass sequence of amino acids and the fluctuations of the coupling constant, force constant and dipole- dipole interaction constant and ground state energy of the proteins, designating the features of its structure and interactions between the particles in it. However, the soliton disperses in the cases of higher temperature of 325 K and larger structure disorders. The numerical results show that, the new soliton is very robust against; the influences of the thermal perturbation kind structure disorders at biological temperature 300 K, its lifetime and critical temperature are at least 300 ps at 300 K and 320 K, respectively. These results are also consistent with analytical data.
An Efficient Algorithm for Improved Shape Context Feature's Cost Matrix Computation

Shape context is not rotation invariant as a local visual feature. To solve this problem, 2-D and 1-D Fourier Transformation has been performed on the feature. Based on the property of Fourier Transformation, a fast and efficient method is presented in the cost matrix computation of these improved shape context feature. The analysis shows the time complexity is much lower and the experiments show effective and efficiency of this new algorithm.
Non-paraxial laser beam shaping

The reshaping of laser beams to intensity distributions with high homogeneity is of practical interest for a lot of applications. Often the generation of intensity distributions with high resolution, very small or large diameters is of practical interest. These intensities correspond typically with waves with high divergence angles. For the generation of these intensities non-paraxial beam shaping systems are needed. The authors will explain how known paraxial beam shaping techniques can be extended for the design of systems creating non-paraxial output fields. The systems, explained in this article, will consist of a paraxial diffractive element together with a non-paraxial lens. This new extended design concept will be explained on the example of the shaping of a circular Top Hat from a Gaussian beam.
Determination of the refractive indices of highly biaxial anisotropic coatings using guided modes

Precise determination of the main refractive indices of biaxial anisotropic coatings is essential for the calculation of their optical performance. Earlier measurements based on wave guiding methods have proved to yield excellent results with obliquely deposited and hence anisotropic layers, deposited under an angle of or less. But with higher deposition angles, new problems arise due to the less defined microstructure and the increasing influence of the accuracy of the column inclination angle on the resulting indices. In a theoretical study, these effects are shown to limit the precision of the method. Experimental results at on coatings, deposited at angles of , , and , are given. All three main refractive indices were found to decrease with an increasing deposition angle, while anisotropy increases almost linearly.
An Explicit Analytic Solution of Steady Three-Dimensional Stagnation Point Flow of Second Grade Fluid Toward a Heated Plate

We present a purely analytic solution to the steady three-dimensional viscous stagnation point flow of second grade fluid over a heated flat plate moving with some constant speed. The analytic solution is obtained by a newly developed analytic technique, namely, homotopy analysis method. By giving a comparison with the existing results, it is shown that the obtained analytic solutions are highly accurate and are in good agreement with the results already present in literature. Also, the present analytic solution is uniformly valid for all values of the dimensionless second grade parameter a. The effects of a and the Prandtl number Pr on velocity and temperature profiles are discussed through graphs.
Development of fractional order electrical potential through PSO algorithm

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is one of the latest evolutionary optimization techniques, inspired by social behavior of bird flocking or fish schooling. It has the better ability of global searching and has been successfully applied in many areas of engineering and science. Recently, a closer look of some phenomena present in electrical systems and the motivation towards the development of comprehensive models, pointed out the requirement for a fractional calculus (FC) approach. The problem of point multipoles of electric charges and the corresponding electrical potential is an important subject in the field of electromagnetism. In this work, it is applied the concept of fractional calculus to define, and to evaluate, the electrical potential of fractional order. For that, the analysis and the synthesis of fractional-order multipoles, based in a PSO optimization scheme, is addressed.
Maximizing Complex Likelihoods via Directed Stochastic Searching Algorithm

In this article, a directed stochastic searching algorithm is defined. It is a root or optimal parameter searching algorithm with stochastic searching directions. This algorithm is especially relevant when the objective function is complex or is observed with errors. We prove that the resulting roots or estimators have well-controlled biases under certain conditions. We examine the proposed method by finding the maximum likelihood estimates for which the corresponding likelihood function has or does not have a closed-form representation in both the simulations and the real cases. Finally, the limitations and the consequences when multiple solutions exist are addressed.
Interband Absorption Spectra of Disordered Semiconductors in the Coherent Potential Approximation

The interband absorption spectra of a system with Gaussian site diagonal disorder are calculated in the coherent potential approximation. The electron-hole vertex part due to interband stochastic correlation is taken into account. The relaxation of the k -selection rule and the effect of localization are studied through the calculation of the optical transition matrix elements. It is clarified that the band tail states contribute to an exponential absorption tail (the so-called Urbach tail) as a result of interplay between transfer energy and Gaussian-distributed site energies. Introduction of a negative interband correlation leads to a red shift of the absorption edge. This effect is discussed in connection with the photo-structural change observed in chalcogenide glasses.
Swept-Wing Boundary-Layer Transition and Turbulent Flow Physics from Multipoint Measurements

Multipoint surface shear stress and hot-wire velocity measurements were obtained within a three-dimensional, swept-wing boundary layer. Proper orthogonal decomposition, spectra, and spatial correlations were used to identify the presence of flow structures and their spatial evolution. The first proper orthogonal decomposition crossflow spatial eigenmode from the shear stress obtained in the laminar region has a wavelength of 12 mm, which is consistent with the crossflow vortex spanwise periodicity. The first proper orthogonal decomposition crossflow spatial eigenmode obtained in the turbulent region is not nearly as distinct, but a large spatial structure approximately 24 mm in span is observed, suggesting that, through the transition process, two neighboring crossflow vortices are interacting with a stronger one, canceling a close weaker one. The proper orthogonal decomposition was also applied in span to hot-wire velocity measurements at 3 mm above the wing surface in both the laminar and turbulent regi.
Special time-varying Lyapunov function for robust stability analysis of linear parameter varying systems with bounded parameter variation

The robust stability of linear continuous-time uncertain systems in polytopic domains is investigated. The uncertain parameters are assumed as time varying with bounded rates of variation. The robust stability conditions are obtained from the definition of a Lyapunov function with a particular structure, depending on integer powers κ of the dynamic uncertain time-varying matrix of the system and on a parameter-dependent matrix to be determined. As a consequence, parametrised linear matrix inequality conditions can be derived in terms of κ for a particular structure of the decision variables. As κ grows, the robust stability conditions can take into account bounds on the successive time derivatives of the uncertain parameters whenever this information is available, reducing the conservativeness of the evaluations. Numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Convective mixing in helium white dwarfs

The conditions under which convective mixing episodes take place between the helium envelopes and the underlying carbon layers in helium-rich white dwarfs are investigated. It is found that, for essentially any value of the initial helium content less than the maximum mass a helium convection zone can have, mixing does occur, and leads, in the vast majority of cases, to an almost pure carbon superficial composition. Mixing products that show only traces of carbon while retaining helium-dominated envelopes are possible only if the initial helium content is quite close to the maximum possible mass of the helium convection zone. In the presence of turbulence, this restriction could be relaxed, however, and the helium-rich lambda4670 stars may possibly be explained in this fashion.
Effect of post-oxidation anneal temperature on radiation-induced charge trapping in metal-oxide-semiconductor devices

Polycrystalline silicon‐gate metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) capacitors have been fabricated with high‐temperature anneals from 800 to 950 °C after gate oxidation and polycrystalline silicon deposition. Temperatures from 800 to 875 °C are found to have very little effect on the radiation response of these devices. However, a rapid increase in radiation‐induced oxide‐trapped charge, ΔVot, is observed for anneal temperatures above 875 °C. This increase in ΔVot coincides with an experimentally observed change in the polycrystalline silicon grain structure. The anneal temperature was found to have a much smaller effect on radiation‐induced interface‐trap charge. The correlation of these results to other properties, e.g., stress, is discussed.
Phase separation in incompressible systems

We consider phase separation in multicomponent systems in the limit as the free volume goes to zero. Excluded volume effects are taken into account via a pressure field which implicitly relates currents and forces. The pressure, obtainable from a divergence condition, may give rise to circulating currents. A simple description of the dynamics of phase separation at late times follows. @S1063-651X~97! 50504-6#
Multimodality photoacoustic and Raman imaging of magnetically trapped tumor cells

Photoacoustic imaging is a novel imaging technology for visualizing optically-absorbing structures in vivo with simultaneous high contrast and high spatial resolution. However, differentiation of photoacoustic signals is non-trivial hence specificity can be poor. We propose multimodality photoacoustic and Raman imaging system using surfaceenhanced Raman scattering nanoparticles, previously demonstrated to have extremely high specificity and multiplexing capabilities. Moreover, we propose to target cancer cells with both magnetic and surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanoparticles, which can further improve our system to be used for magnetic enrichment and detection of circulating tumor cells.