Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Description of Colombian Electricity Pricing Derivatives

Electricity markets are becoming a popular field of research amongst academics because of the lack of appropriate models for describing electricity price behavior and pricing derivatives instruments. Models for price dynamics must consider seasonality and spiky behavior of jumps which seem hard to model by standard jump process. Without good models for electricity price dynamics, it is difficult to think about good models for futures, forward, swaps and option pricing. In this paper we attempt to introduce an algorithm for pricing derivatives to intuition from Colombian electricity market. The main ambition of this study is fourfold: 1) First we begin our approach through to simple stochastic models for electricity pricing. 2) Next, we derive analytical formulas for prices of electricity derivatives with different derivatives tools. 3) Then we extent short of the model for price risk in the electricity spot market 4) Finally we construct the model estimation under the physical measures for Colombian electricity market. And this paper end with conclusion.
Method for C/N ratio estimation using Mask R-CNN and a depth
camera for organic fraction of municipal solid wastes

Fast assessment of the initial carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is an important prerequisite for automatic composting control to improve efficiency and stability of the bioconversion process. In this study, a novel approach was proposed to estimate the C/N of OFMSW, where an instance segmentation model was applied to predict the masks for the waste images. Then, by combining the instance segmentation model with the depth-camera-based volume calculation algorithm, the volumes occupied by each type of waste were obtained, therefore the C/N could be estimated based on the properties of each type of waste. First, an instance segmentation dataset including three common classes of OFMSW was built to train mask region-based convolutional neural networks (Mask R-CNN) model. Second, a volume measurement algorithm was proposed, where the measurement result of the object was derived by accumulating the volumes of small rectangular cuboids whose bottom area was calculated with the projection property. Then the calculated volume was corrected with linear regression models. The results showed that the trained instance segmentation model performed well with average precision scores AP50 = 82.9, AP75 = 72.5, and mask intersection over unit (Mask IoU) = 45.1. A high correlation was found between the estimated C/N and the ground truth with a coefficient of determination R=0.97 and root mean square error RMSE = 0.10. The relative average error was 0.42% and the maximum error was only 1.71%, which indicated this approach has potential for practical applications.
UAV or Drones for Remote Sensing Applications

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) play an important role in applications such as data collection and target reconnaissance. An accurate and optimal path can effectively increase the mission success rate in the case of small UAVs. Although path planning for UAVs is similar to that for traditional mobile robots, the special kinematic characteristics of UAVs (such as their minimum turning radius) have not been taken into account in previous studies. In this paper, we propose a locally-adjustable, continuous-curvature, bounded path-planning algorithm for fixed-wing UAVs. To deal with the curvature discontinuity problem, an optimal interpolation algorithm and a key-point shift algorithm are proposed based on the derivation of a curvature continuity condition. To meet the upper bound for curvature and to render the curvature extrema controllable, a local replanning scheme is designed by combining arcs and Bezier curves with monotonic curvature. In particular, a path transition mechanism is built for the replanning phase using minimum curvature circles for a planning philosophy. Numerical results demonstrate that the analytical planning algorithm can effectively generate continuous-curvature paths, while satisfying the curvature upper bound constraint and allowing UAVs to pass through all predefined waypoints in the desired mission region.
Reaching for the “first 95”: a cross-country analysis of HIV self-testing in 177,572 people in nine countries in sub-Saharan Africa

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Objectives: HIV self-testing (HIVST) offers a promising approach to increase HIV diagnosis and advance progress towards the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets. We aimed to understand patterns of HIVST awareness and utilization in nine sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, with the goal of identifying populations to target in disseminating this technology. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: We pooled individual-level population-based data from nine Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in SSA conducted 2015–2019 (Burundi, Cameroon, Guinea, Malawi, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe). Primary outcomes were HIVST awareness and utilization. We used logistic regression with survey fixed effects to explore the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and these outcomes. Models were adjusted for sex, age, rural/urban residence, education, wealth, and marital status. We accounted for complex survey design. Results: The study sample included 177 572 people (66.0% women, mean age 29 ± 10 years), of whom 86.6% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 86.4–86.7] were unaware of HIVST, 11.7% (95% CI 11.6–11.9) were aware of but never used HIVST, and 1.7% (95% CI 1.6–1.8) had used HIVST. In adjusted models, women were less likely to be aware of HIVST [odds ratio (OR) 0.75, 95% CI 0.71–0.79], but more likely to have used HIVST (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03–1.32) compared with men. Rural residents, those who were least educated, and poorest were less likely to have heard of or used HIVST. Conclusion: HIVST awareness and uptake were low. Rural, less educated, and lower income populations were least likely to have heard of or used HIVST. Efforts to scale-up HIVST in these settings should aim to reach these less advantaged groups.
Evaluation of Average Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Measurement in Eyes with Refractive Errors

SIGNIFICANCE Optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) play an important role in the diagnosis of glaucoma and optic atrophy. However, the interpretation of these measurements in patients with refractive errors, especially of a high degree, presents great difficulties. Optical coherence tomography instruments from most manufacturers do not take into account the effect of refractive errors, especially of a high degree, on quantitative measurements of pRNFL. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to develop a simple and easy method for evaluation of average pRNFL in eyes with refractive errors. METHODS Average pRNFL was measured by Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA) in 183 healthy White subjects (183 eyes) older than 40 years, with an axial length of the eye from 22.5 to 24.5 mm and spherical equivalent of refraction from −1.63 to 2.0 D. RESULTS For an average pRNFL, normative database of eyes with refraction close to emmetropia was constructed. The calculated first and fifth percentiles for age groups 41 to 50, 51 to 60, 61 to 70, and 71 to 85 years were 81 and 83, 79 and 81, 78 and 80, and 76 and 79 μm, respectively. Littmann-Bennett formula was modified to calculate a table containing first and fifth percentiles for eyes with axial lengths of 19 to 30 mm in the same age groups. CONCLUSIONS For the correct interpretation of the measurements of pRNFL in patients with refractive errors, an original table was proposed, which provides a quick assessment of the results obtained on the Cirrus HD-OCT device. The proposed new formulas make it easy to calculate a similar table for any optical coherence tomography device using existing databases or after collecting a normative database of eyes with refraction close to emmetropia.
Variation of Blood Prolactin Concentration at Different Reproductive Stages in the Maghrebi She-Camel.

During breeding season, plasma prolactin concentration levels were measured pre-mating and monthly up to the 12 months post-mating in all animals (n=20), and post-calving only in pregnant animals (n=17) of 20 Maghrebi she-camels. The experimental she-camels were divided according to their parity order (1 to 6 parity). Concentration of prolactin was determined of all parities at different reproductive stages (Pre-mating, pregnancy stages, and post-calving). Results showed insignificant (P≥0.05) effect of camel parity on prolactin concentration at each reproductive stage, but prolactin showed similar trend of changes within each parity by advancing reproductive stage. Plasma prolactin nearly maintained its levels during the period from pre-mating up to the 9 month post-mating, then started to increase (P<0.05) up to the 12 months post mating. Prolactin showed similarity in pregnant and non-pregnant during the 1 month post-mating and insignificant differences from the 3 month up to the 9 month post-mating, thereafter showed significant increase in pregnant than in non-pregnant up to the 12 months post-mating.From the results of the study, it is clear that the effect of camel parity order/age on blood prolactin levels is limited. However, blood prolactin level was pronouncedly affected by reproductive status of shecamels such as pre-mating estrous activity, pregnancy stage, and calving and lactation.
The reality of job engagement for the employees of Iraqi Residency Affairs Directorate

The aim of this paper is to determine the role of job engagement in the Iraqi Residency Affairs Directorate and its impact on employees, as the job engagement variable based on the Rich’s model included dimensions of cognitive engagement, emotional engagement and physical engagement. This variable has been studied in the Directorate of Residence Affairs which are one of the specialized directorates in the Iraqi Ministry of Interior. This study relied on a questionnaire as a main tool for measuring and collecting data based on the random sampling method . The sample size included 206 individuals among 400 individuals. However, the respondents were 190 whereas the final number for data analysis was 180. The researchers used the ready-made statistical programs (SPSS v.25 AMOS v.25). The results showed that the Iraqi Residency Affairs Directorate is distinguished by the presence of job engagement among most of its employees, whether in terms of cognitive, emotional or physical absorption, and this indicates that the success in achieving these feelings and motivation towards work is a reflection of the higher leadership that was able to inspire workers from in order to provide everything they can offer to the organization. This matter does not come without the presence of job loyalty among the workers, which was able to achieve job engagement
Exploring the professional identity and agency of student teachers in multilingual classrooms

ABSTRACT While there is now a considerable body of work on teacher identity in the area of language education, much less attention has been given to the question of the extent to which student teachers are enabled to construct identities that are consonant with the opportunities and challenges of current multilingual classrooms. Drawing on a recent large-scale research and development project, this article explores how the student teachers in our study: understood their responsibilities towards pupils for whom English is an Additional Language; perceived their development needs, preparedness and confidence to support EAL pupils; the constraints they encountered; and the opportunities that they utilized to be and act responsively within multilingual classrooms. Findings are contextualized within the policy framework concerning language and the variegated landscape of Initial Teacher Education (ITE) in England; and framed against apposite perspectives on identity and agency, with a central place being given to socio-cultural theories of identity formation which focus on discourse and practice. Building on the findings, the Discussion points up some of the elements that need to be in place if student teachers are to develop a professional identity that is truly inclusive and responsive to linguistic and cultural difference.
Dependence: Dependence and care are part of the human condition

Abstract:We are all dependent, none more so than the rich and powerful, who could not maintain their status without an army of servants, in spite of their contempt of the ‘dependency culture’ of the poor. Chronic illness is a common source of dependency. It forces people to rely on the state - and, if they are lucky, a network of good-hearted friends. The formal social contract is often underpinned by this much more personal one of support from friends. But the nature of gratitude towards giving friends is complex - Melanie Klein is much better known for her early writing on envy than her later view of gratitude ‘as an expression of love and thus of the life instinct, and as the antithesis of envy’. There is no political literature on gratitude. Political discourse more usually depends on creating resentment. But recognition of the blessing of gratitude can change your life - your relation to friends, and to those working in state social and medical services. It makes it possible to accept gifts - and one’s dependence on others.
Assessment of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Antibiotic Prescription among a group of Dentists in Egypt: A cross-sectional survey

Objectives: The purpose of this survey is to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices related to antibiotic prescription patterns in a group of dentists in Egypt. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted electronically using online google forms. It included inquiries in the form of close-ended questions to be answered in tickbox format, the questions mainly uncovered, the participants’ “Knowledge” about the problem of antibiotic resistance and its association with professional mal-practices, and also their “Attitudes and practices” concerning antibiotic prescriptions in different clinical conditions. 500 participants answered the questionnaire over a period of three months. Results: Most of the participants prescribed Amoxicillin or Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid in conditions that warrant antibiotics usage. A close proportion preferred a treatment duration of 5-7 days. Although, 96% of the responses came in favor of antibiotic prescription in serious clinical conditions as facial cellulitis, still varying proportions of the sample chose to prescribe antibiotics for conditions that do not necessitate their usage as “localized intra-oral abscesses”, “sinus tracts and fistulas”, “luxation injuries” and “managing viral infections”. Conclusions: Although the participants showed considerably adequate knowledge of the bacterial resistance problem, their practices showed varying degrees of deviation from the guidelines of antibiotic prescriptions set by the AAPD.
Preparation of Functional Frozen-Yoghurt Using Fat Replacer and Sweetener Substitutes

Frozen yoghurt is a popular dairy product which generally it gathers the properties of ice cream as a preferable, delicious, and refreshing product beside the nutritive values of yoghurt. Now a day; many researchers produced frozen yoghurt with different attitudes. This research dealt with using a fat replacer (Etenia 457) and a sweetener (Sativoside) to produce low fat and low calories functional frozen yoghurt. Control and four treatments were prepared using 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of fat replacer and sweetener to achieve CY, F1, F2, F3 and F4, respectively. Chemical and physical properties as well as organoleptic properties evaluation were carried out. The values of fat content and calories were lower in the treated samples when compared with control one. The rat of decreases were parallel with the increase of fat replacer and sweetener ratios. Pronounced differences were also observed in the values of specific gravity, overrun; where specific gravity and viscosity values were increased with the increases of additives while overrun was decreased. The organoleptic evaluation indicated that the sample F1 which contain 25% fat replacer and sweetener had the best and favorite properties as well as total scores among all other treatment.
Oral Health Assessment in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Objective: To assess oral health status in relation to diabetes-related variables in a cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Study design: Eighty-eight children and adolescents with T1DM (median age: 12 years; range: 6-17 years) had received a comprehensive oral health examination performed by a single dentist and included, simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), gingival-index (GI), dental caries indices (DMFT and dft) and stimulated salivary flow rate (SSFR; ml/min). Results: Significantly higher frequency of patients had fair oral hygiene and moderate gingivitis (P<0.001). Significantly lower stimulated salivary flow rate was detected in patients within late childhood group (P=0.038). Increased prevalence of permanent dental caries was observed in late adolescent period (P=0.001). There was significant increase in primary dental caries in children diagnosed with diabetes before six years (P=0.004). Patient’s age was positively correlated with SSFR, gingival-index and DMFT-index. DMFT-index was positively correlated with T1DM duration and HbA1c level. There was significant positive correlation between OHI-S and GI. Conclusion: Children and adolescents with T1DM displayed unfavorable oral health profiles that have been strongly linked to patient ́s age, age at onset and duration of T1DM and level of metabolic control. Regular recall dental visits must be considered.
EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS, ZINC AND SULPHUR APPLICATION ON THE GROWTH CHARACTERS, P AND ZN UPTAKE, YIELD COMPONENTS OF WHEAT PLANT GROWN ON CALCAREOUS SOIL

A field experiment was conducted over two successive seasons (2006/2007 and 2007/2008) at Borg El-Arab area, on North western of Egypt and about 65 km from Alexandria city, to study the effect of phosphorus, sulphur and zinc applications on P and Zn uptake, growth, yield and its components of wheat plant (Triticum aestivum L.) CV. Sakha 69. Phosphorus rates were 0, 60 and 120 kg P2O5 ha, as superphosphate, and zinc application rates were 0, 5 and 10 kg ZnO ha as (ZnSO4.7H2O) either without or with one sulphur application rate (100 kg S ha). The used soil type was Aridisols (Calciorthids); calcareous sandy clay loam soil. The results obtained showed that plant height and dry weight/plot were responded to P and Zn treatments and this response was significantly increased in the presence of sulphur application. The P uptake by roots was significantly increased with increasing P rates, when combined with added Zn without of S application, at the booting (ZGS 31) and soft dough stages (ZGS 45). On the other hand, in the presence of S, there were insignificant increase of P uptake by roots and significant increase of P uptake by shoots with increasing of P rates when combined with increasing of Zn rates as compared with the control. The Zn uptake was significantly increased in roots and significantly decreased in the shoots with increasing of P and Zn rates without S application as compared to the control. Whereas, plots that treated with S gave the highest shoot Zn uptake. Increasing P and Zn rates significantly increased grains P and Zn uptake and the highest uptake values were obtained in plots that treated with P, Zn and S. The application of P and Zn without S did not significantly increase the yield and its components as compared with the control. The highest values of yield and its components were obtained at the highest rates of P and Zn that combined with 100 kg S ha, and those values were 548, 794, 3.38, 4.72, 15.88, 20.60, 22.91 and 13.28 for number of spikes/m, weight of spikes (g/m), grain index (g), grain yield (ton ha), straw yield (ton ha), biological yield (ton ha), harvest index (%) and protein percentage, respectively.
Bill of Lading Data in International Trade Research with an Application to the COVID-19 Pandemic

We evaluate high-frequency bill of lading data for its suitability in international trade research. These data offer many advantages over both other publicly accessible official trade data and confidential datasets, but they also have clear drawbacks. We provide a comprehensive overview for potential researchers to understand these strengths and weaknesses as these data become more widely available. Drawing on the strengths of the data, we analyze three aspects of trade during the COVID- 19 pandemic. First, we show how the high-frequency data capture features of the within-month collapse of trade between the United States and India that are not observable in official monthly data. Second, we demonstrate how U.S. buyers shifted their purchases across suppliers over time during the recovery. And third, we show how the data can be used to measure vessel delivery bottlenecks in near real time.
Surveillance of Food Poisoning Escherichia coli (STEC) in Ready-to-Eat Meat Products in Aswan, Egypt

READY to eat meat was defined as case of meat being ready for immediate consumption. Food diseases of microbial origin are associated with serious health problems due to consumption of ready to eat meat and meat products in many places in the world. Conventional processing methods used in preparation, improper storage / conservation are the main factor contributing to food contamination. One of the common pathogenic bacteria that causes the food-borne diseases is E. coli . Some strains produce toxins that can lead to a major health problem such as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). E. coli O157:H7 is the most common strain of STEC, but there are many other strains of STEC as well. The current study was designed for screening of the ready to eat meat samples for E.coli, 120 Samples of (sausage ,hamburger ,minced beef and fried chicken 30 of each of them ) through culture and biochemical tests and confirmation isolates by PCR. Depending upon culture, staining and biochemical tests E.coli isolates were detected in 12/30 (40%) samples of sausage, 4/30 (13%) of hamburger, 8/30 (27%) of minced beef and 1/30 (3%) of fried chicken with prevalence of all isolates were confirmed in 25/120 ( 20.83% ) . According to PCR on positive isolates 10/12 (83.3%) in sausage , 4/4 (100%) in hamburger, 7/8 (87.5%) in minced beef and 1/1 (100%) in fried chicken. After serological identification isolates positive for both stx2 and eaeA were O26:H11 strain and isolates positive for eaeA only were O119:H6 strain.