Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The stress tensor in a granular flow at high shear rates

The stress tensor in a granular shear flow is calculated by supposing that binary collisions between the particles comprising the granular mass are responsible for most of the momentum transport. We assume that the particles are smooth, hard, elastic spheres and express the stress as an integral containing probability distribution functions for the velocities of the particles and for their spatial arrangement. By assuming that the single-particle velocity distribution function is Maxwellian and that the spatial pair distribution function is given by a formula due to Carnahan & Starling, we reduce this integral to one depending upon a single non-dimensional parameter R: the ratio of the characteristic mean shear velocity to the root mean square of the precollisional particle-velocity perturbation. The integral is evaluated asymptotically for R [Gt ] 1 and R [Lt ] 1 and numerically for intermediate values. Good agreement is found between the stresses measured in experiments on dry granular materials and the theoretical predictions when R is given the value 1·7. This case is probably the one for which the present analysis is most appropriate. For moderate and large values of R, the theory predicts both shear and normal stresses that are proportional to the square of the particle diameter and the square of the shear rate, and depend strongly on the solids volume fraction. A provisional comparison is made between the stresses predicted in the limit R → ∞ and the experimental results of Bagnold for shear flow of neutrally buoyant wax spheres suspended in water. The predicted stresses are of the correct order of magnitude and yield the proper variation of stress with concentration. When R [Lt ] 1, the shear stress is linear in the shear rate, and the analysis can be applied to shear flow in a fluidized bed, although such an application is not developed further here.
FREQUENCY DEPENDENCES OF COMPLEX MODULI AND COMPLEX POISSON'S RATIO OF REAL SOLID MATERIALS

Abstract The concept of a complex modulus of elasticity is a powerful and widely used tool for characterizing the linear dynamic elastic and damping properties of solid materials in the frequency domain. It is shown in this paper that typical characters of frequency dependences of all complex moduli (shear, Young's etc.), and complex Poisson's ratios of real solid materials can be determined by transforming the causal and real relaxation and creep responses, respectively, from the time-domain into the frequency domain, even without having to specify the processes of relaxation and creep. It is proved that all dynamic moduli monotonically increase, and the dynamic Poisson's ratio monotonically decreases with increasing frequency, and all respective loss factors pass through at least one maximum. These frequency dependences are generally valid for any real solid material regardless of the actual damping mechanisms. Some experimental results are presented and interpreted in the light of the theory. The usefulness of theoretical predictions in materials engineering, measurements of dynamic properties and in modelling dynamic behaviour is discussed.
JOINT TORQUES ESTIMATION IN HUMAN STANDING BASED ON A FUZZY DESCRIPTOR UNKNOWN INPUTS OBSERVER

Abstract An alternative to inverse dynamics joint torques estimation in standing human is proposed by the use of an unknown input observer that allows the real time estimation of both the joint torques and the angular velocities from angular positions measurement. To design such observer, a state space descriptor dynamical model of the considered movement is proposed. Then, the considered model being non linear, we used Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy modeling to synthesis the non linear observer and to prove the convergence of the state (position, velocities and torques) estimation errors.
Optical pulse compression on a silicon chip—Effect of group velocity dispersion and free carriers

The effect of group velocity dispersion and free carrier lifetime on pulse quality and nonlinear phase acquisition is studied in a two-stage pulse compressor on a silicon chip. Appropriately, designing the dispersion in the nonlinear medium enables compressed pulses with more than 90% of the pulse energy confined in the main lobe to be generated. Free carrier lifetime is observed to impact nonlinear phase acquisition in the single pulse regime. The pulse compression factor decreases monotonically as the pulse repetition rate increases. Conditions for efficient compression at high repetition rates in the absence of free carrier quenching techniques are discussed.
Glueball spectrum in extended quantum chromodynamics

The extended quantum chromodynamics in which the magnetic structure of the color gauge symmetry plays the important role in the dynamics is proposed as a phenomenological theory of strong interaction. In the one-loop approximation the masses of the scalar and the axial vector magnetic glueballs are estimated to be around 2.2 and 1.5 GeV, and the leading linear trajectory of the 2/sup + +/ electric glueball is estimated to be . cap alpha. /sub X/(s)approx. =0.48s(GeV/sup -2/)+1.01. The trajectory is proposed as the Pomeron.
Infrared emissions of H3(+) in the atmosphere of Jupiter in the 2. 1 and 4. 0 micron region

Infrared spectra of the Jovian atmosphere around 2.1 and 4.0 microns, measured using the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility at Mauna Kea, Hawaii, are presented. The observations were made between February 6 and 8, 1990. In both spectral regions, features attributable to H3(+) were visible. The intensity ratio of lines in the 2 and 4 microns regions measured from the northern auroral hot spot during the same night leads to a rovibrational temperature of 1100 + or - 100 K for this molecular ion, close to a previous measurement of the rotational temperature of 1099 + or - 100 K. This indicates that the upper energy levels are being populated by purely thermal processes, rather than by resonant energy exchange. The para-H3(+) fractional abundance of 0.58 determined by previous workers is found to be consistent with this study. The time dependency of the H3(+) emission phenomena is confirmed. 9 refs.
Clinical and Ethical Challenges in Undertaking LIMPRINT in Vulnerable Populations

Abstract Background and Study Objective: To estimate the prevalence of chronic edema (CO) and wounds within two vulnerable populations, a male high security prison in the East Midlands (United Kingdom) and residential and nursing homes in the United Kingdom and Australia. Methods and Results: Methods for screening for CO and wounds were adapted from the main LIMPRINT methodology. Prison Population: In total, 195 inmates were recruited with 22 (11%) having CO. While the majority were white Caucasian (156/83.4%) a further 20 (10.7%) were dark skinned with 11 (5.95%) from other minority populations. Comorbidities included 123 (63%) smokers, 22 (11%) alcohol dependant, 60 (31%) with mental health problems, and 35 (18%) a history of self-harm. Only three had a current wound with 30 (16%) having had a traumatic stab wound. Residential and Nursing Homes (United Kingdom and Australia): In the United Kingdom, the total population available for inclusion was 189 with only 137 (73%) recruited. Seventy-two of the 137 (52%) suffered from CO and a further 16 (23%) had a history of cellulitis. Results from the Australian residential care facilities have been published in full. In summary, of the 37 participants 20 (54%) experienced CO with 25 (68%) having comorbidities and 11 (30%) having a concurrent wound. Conclusion: Obtaining an accurate picture of the prevalence and impact of CO in vulnerable populations is extremely challenging due to issues of access and consent. Lack of reliable data for these populations will contribute to poor service provision.
Adaptive Fuzzy Control for a Class of MIMO Nonlinear Systems with Unknown Dead-zones

Abstract A design scheme of adaptive fuzzy controller for a class of uncertain MIMO nonlinear systems with unknown dead-zones and a triangular control structure is proposed in this paper. The design is based on the principle of sliding mode control and the property of Nussbaum function. The approach does not require a priori knowledge of the signs of the control gains and the upper bounds and lower bounds of dead-zone parameters to be known a priori. By introducing the integral-type Lyapunov function and adopting the adaptive compensation term of the upper bound of the optimal approximation error and the dead-zone disturbance, the closed-loop control system is proved to be semi-globally stable in the sense that all signals involved are bounded, with tracking errors converging to zero.
Modelling Nutritional Requirements of Growing Pigs from Local Breeds Using InraPorc

Simple Summary Unlike with conventional pig breeds, knowledge on growth and performance, and even more so on nutritional requirements, is very limited for local breeds. Using a modelling approach based on a growth model and data from literature or experiments from H2020 European Union project TREASURE, we determined the growth characteristics and nutritional requirements of nine local breeds (Alentejana, Basque, Bísara, Apulo Calabrese, Cinta Senese, Iberian, Krškopolje pig, Mangalitsa, and Moravka). Our results confirmed the lower growth potential of local pig breeds compared to conventional pig breeds. Moreover, a larger proportion of ingested and retained energy is dedicated to lipid deposition in local pig breeds, explaining the higher fat composition of the carcasses of these breeds. Our study provided initial insights into the nutritional requirements (such as amino-acids) of local pig breeds, providing a first step towards defining feeding strategies better adapted to the characteristics of these breeds. Abstract Models such as InraPorc enable the growth of pigs to be simulated and their nutrient requirements to be determined. However, so far, these models have not been applied to local breeds. We used InraPorc to determine the nutrient requirements of growing pigs from local breeds (H2020 European Union project TREASURE). Data on feed composition, allowance and intake, and body weight (BW) were obtained from literature reports or experiments conducted within the project. Data were used in InraPorc to calibrate 16 growth and intake profiles from nine breeds (Alentejana, Basque, Bísara, Apulo Calabrese, Cinta Senese, Iberian, Krškopolje pig, Mangalitsa, and Moravka), with one to three profiles per breed depending on the experimental conditions or data source. On the 40–100 kg BW range, mean protein deposition (PDm) was low for all breeds (below 116 g/d vs. over 130 g/d in conventional breeds). The age of pigs at 40 kg BW (110 to 206 days) denoted different types of feeding management in addition to genetic differences. The PDm and the lysine requirements were the highest in breeds with the highest average daily gain. In all breeds, a small proportion of total body energy retention was dedicated to protein, with the greatest proportion of energy retention in the form of lipids. Despite some methodological limitations, this study provides initial insights into the nutrient requirements of some local breeds.
Modeling Unmeasured Third Variables in Longitudinal Studies

This article discusses techniques to account for unmeasured third variables in longitudinal designs. As an extension of the synchronous common factor (SCF) model, which is the basis of the cross-lagged panel correlation technique, a series of less restrictive synchronous common factor (LRSCF) models are introduced. LRSCF models can be tested by using structural equation modeling. Although both SCF and LRSCF models rest on a 2-wave design, the SCF model requires only 2 variables measured at each wave, whereas LRSCF models require 3 variables. This enables several restrictions of the SCF model to be relaxed. Among others, a particular advantage is that the strength of lagged relations among the variables can be estimated. It is recommended that LRSCF models be applied routinely whenever possible third variables might have been omitted.
Measuring decoherence properties of charge qubits using buried donor cellular automata

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QDCA) provide an interesting experimental system with which to study the interaction of a charge-based two-level system with the surrounding solid-state environment. This is particularly important given the recent interest in solid-state quantum computers using charge-qubits. We show that many of the properties of these qubits, coupling strength, tunnelling time, relaxation rate and dephasing time can be estimated using a QDCA cell like structure. Calculations are performed for the case of buried donors in silicon but the results are equally applicable to other forms of charge-qubit.
Tidal enhancement by a binary companion of stellar winds from cool giants

Certaines binaires RS CVn ont une inversion de masse avant l'ecoulement de leur lobe de Roche. On postule que la composante secondaire a l'origine moins massive a augmente par maree le taux de perte de masse par vent stellaire de la primaire
Nonlinear standing Alfvén wave current system at Io: Theory

We present a nonlinear analytical model of the Alfven current tubes continuing the currents through Io (or rather its ionosphere) generated by the unipolar inductor effect due to Io's motion relative to the magnetospheric plasma. We thereby extend the linear work by Drell et al. (1965) to the fully nonlinear, sub-Alfvenic situation also including flow which is not perpendicular to the background magnetic field. The following principal results have been obtained: (1) The portion of the currents feeding Io is aligned with the Alfven characteristics at an angle θA = tan−1 MA to the magnetic field for the special case of perpendicular flow where MA is the Alfven Mach number. (2) The Alfven tubes act like an external conductance ΣA = 1/(µ0VA(1 + MA² + 2MA sin θ)1/2) where VA is the Alfven speed and θ the angular deviation from perpendicular flow towards the direction of Alfven wave propagation. Hence the Jovian ionospheric conductivity is not necessary for current closure. (3) In addition, the Alfven tubes may be reflected from either the torus boundary or the Jovian ionosphere. The efficiency of the resulting interaction with these boundaries varies with Io position. The interaction is particularly strong at extreme magnetic latitudes, thereby suggesting a mechanism for the Io control of decametric emissions. (4) The reflected Alfven waves may heat both the torus plasma and the Jovian ionosphere as well as produce increased diffusion of high-energy particles in the torus. (5) From the point of view of the electrodynamic interaction, Io is unique among the Jovian satellites for several reasons: these include its ionosphere arising from ionized volcanic gases, a high external Alfvenic conductance ΣA, and a high corotational voltage in addition to the interaction phenomenon with a boundary. (6) We find that Amalthea is probably strongly coupled to Jupiter's ionosphere while the outer Galilean satellites may occasionally experience super-Alfvenic conditions.
A Model of the Thermodynamic Structure of the Trade-Wind Boundary Layer: Part II. Applications

Abstract Several applications of a simple layered model of the temperature and moisture structure of the trade-wind boundary layer are considered. The formation of the trade inversion in the wake of disturbed conditions is simulated. This simulation indicates that the observed thermodynamic structure can easily evolve from a shallow mixed layer in less than 24 h. The growth rate of the depth of the boundary layer is shown to be most sensitive to parameters which directly influence the surface fluxes of heat and moisture. Steady-state model results are compared to the boundary-layer structure observed during the 1969 Atlantic Trade-Wind Experiment (ATEX). The predicted structure is slightly warmer and more moist than the observed structure. These differences are largely eliminated if the variation of the model structure following a surface air trajectory is predicted. The effect of a diurnally varying radiative heating and divergence on the height of the inversion is evaluated. These model results are comp.
Influence of Axial Length on Parafoveal and Peripapillary Metrics from Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

ABSTRACT Purpose To assess the effect of axial length (AL) on the quantification of superficial vessel density of both macular and disc region using swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (SSOCTA). Methods This is a cross-sectional clinical study. Seventy-five eyes from 75 Chinese healthy participants (56 females) with a mean age of 26.6 ± 6.8 (range 19–50) years were included in this study. All eyes were imaged with SSOCTA, using a 3 × 3mm scan pattern centered on the macular and optic disc, respectively, and the superficial layer was used for evaluation. The image size was corrected with AL using Bennett formula. Outcome measurements included perfusion density (PD), vessel length density (VLD) in parafoveal and disc regions, averaged peripapillary large vessel diameter and area of foveal avascular zone (FAZ). Image processing and measurements was performed using Image J software. Multivariate regression analysis adjusting for age and signal strength was used to assess the influence of AL on the metrics. Results AL was the only predictive factor for parafoveal PD (β = −0.273, P = .047) and VLD (β = −0.396, P = .003). There was no correlation between AL and area of FAZ, large vessel diameter, or the vessel density on any location in disc region. Age was the only predictor for PD (β = −0.287, P = .024) and VLD (β = −0.289, P = .023) on optic nerve head. Conclusions AL was negatively correlated with superficial parafoveal microvasculature, but not correlated with peripapillary capillaries, suggesting that the inner retina stretches more in the distal end of the disc with increased AL.
Response of the Summer Marine Layer Flow to an Extreme California Coastal Bend

Abstract A summer wind speed maximum extending more than 200 km occurs over water around Point Conception, California, the most extreme bend along the U.S. West Coast. The following several causes were investigated for this wind speed maximum: 1) synoptic conditions, 2) marine layer hydraulic flow effects, 3) diurnal variations, 4) mountain leeside downslope flow, 5) sea surface temperature structure, and 6) island influence. Synoptic conditions set the general wind speed around Point Conception, and these winds are classified as strong, moderate, or weak. The strong wind condition extends about Point Conception, reaching well offshore toward the southwest, and the highest speeds are within 20 km to the south. Moderate wind cases do not extend as far offshore, and they have a moderate maximum wind speed that occurs over a smaller area in the western mouth of the Santa Barbara Channel. The weak wind speed case consists of light and variable winds about Point Conception. Each category occurs about one-third.
An adaptive distance-based mobility management method using cell code and selective paging

Due to scarce radio bandwidth, efficient mobility management method is necessary for the PCS. This paper presents a new mobility management method for the PCS networks. It consists of three parts: cell coding scheme, location update strategy and paging strategy. The cell code scheme, which provides information about the topology of the network to mobile terminals, is the basis for the location update strategy in this paper. The location update strategy is a simplified derivative of distance-based scheme. An adaptive distance threshold is obtained by exploiting the mobile terminal’s individual call and mobility pattern. Since the location update strategy is not designed for certain mobility model such as random walk or fluid flow model, the computation of distance threshold is not only simplified but also better matches the real moving behavior of different mobile terminals. The paging strategy in this method is two-step. The moving direction vector is introduced here to optimize the paging procedure. Two-step paging will significantly reduce the signaling cost for paging. And it can be easily generalized to multi-step paging within the call setup delay constraint. A numerical analysis between mobile terminals with various moving and call patterns is provided. The mobility management method helps optimize the location update cost for all kinds of users.
Critical heat flux in saturated forced convective boiling on a heated disk with multiple impinging jets

The present study introduces a new correlation predicting critical heat flux (CHF) for a saturated forced convective boiling with an impinging jet. The new correlation is able to predict all the CHF data inV-regime with a good accuracy of +-20% to which the correlations existing until now could not be applicable for 15 36. The new correlation seems to support a new criterion of CHF mechanism applicable for not only pool boiling but also forced convective boiling, recently proposed by Katto and Haramura.
Cosmic String Evolution in Brane Inflation

There has been notable effort in recent years to obtain inflationary models from string theory. In the most well-studied scenario, brane inflation, the inflationary phase typically ends with a phase transition leading to the production of a network of cosmic (super)strings. These have different properties than ordinary cosmic strings and thus provide a potential probe to the physics of the early universe. In this letter we review recent work on the cosmological evolution of such string networks. Focusing on analytic velocity-dependent evolution models, we discuss the phenomenology of cosmic (super)string networks and obtain constraints for brane-inflation models.
Necessary and sufﬁcient conditions for consensus of third-order discrete-time multi-agent systems in directed networks

This paper studies consensus of third-order discrete-time multi-agent systems in directed networks. When each agent can only receive its neighbor’s position information, necessary and sufﬁcient conditions for consensus of the system are established. Compared with the preceding work, we not only answer what consensus value the system eventually achieves, but also clearly show the equivalent relationship between consensus, scaling parameters and nonzero eigenvalues of the involved Laplacian matrix. Illustrative examples are also given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results.
Paraconductivity in layered cuprates behaves as if due to pairing of nearly free quasiparticles

We revisit the Aslamazov-Larkin theory of paraconductivity in two dimensions to identify its universal and its specific model-dependent features. We show that both the numerical prefactor and the temperature dependence of the experimental paraconductivity in underdoped La2xSrxCuO4 provide evidence that the paired carriers behave as if they were nearly free fermionic quasiparticles. This conclusion is strengthened by the analysis of paraconductivity data in the presence of a finite magnetic field. In this case we show that there exists a temperature range above Tc where the superconducting fluctuations are purely Gaussian and their destruction is determined by a rather low magnetic field scale Hc2 G T=0.