Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental and numerical investigation of isothermal flow in an idealized swirl combustor

– The main purpose of the paper is the validation of different modelling strategies for turbulent swirling flow of an incompressible fluid in an idealized swirl combustor. , – Experiments have been performed and computations carried out for a water test rig, for a Reynolds number of 4,600 based on combustor inlet mean axial velocity and diameter. Two cases have been investigated, one low swirl and the other high swirl intensity. Measurements of time‐averaged velocity components and corresponding rms turbulence intensities were measured using laser Doppler anemometer, along radial traverses at different axial locations. In the three‐dimensional, unsteady computations, large eddy simulation (LES) and URANS (Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier‐Stokes Equations or Reynolds Averaged Numerical Simulations) RSMs (Reynolds‐stress models) are basically employed as modelling strategies for turbulence. To model subgrid‐scale turbulence for LES, the models due to Smagorinsky and Voke are used. No‐model LES and coarse‐grid direct numerical simulation computations are also performed for one of the cases. , – The predictions are compared with the measurements and reveal that LES provided the best overall accuracy for all of the cases, whereas no significant difference between the Smagorinsky and Voke models are observed for the time‐averaged velocity components. , – This paper provides additional valuable information on the performance of various modelling strategies for turbulent swirling flows.
Ratio Profile: Physiologic Approach to Estimating Appropriate Intravenous Fluid Rate to Manage Hyponatremia in the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis

A hyponatremic patient with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) gets normal saline (NS), and the plasma sodium decreases, paradoxically. To explain, desalination is often invoked: if urine is more concentrated than NS, the fluid’s salts are excreted while some water is reabsorbed, exacerbating hyponatremia. But comparing concentrations can be deceiving. They should be converted to quantities because mass balance is key to unlocking the paradox. The [sodium] equation can legitimately be used to track all of the sodium, potassium, and water entering and leaving the body. Each input or output “module” can be counterbalanced by a chosen iv fluid so that the plasma sodium stays stable. This equipoise is expressed in terms of the iv fluid’s infusion rate, an easy calculation called the ratio profile. Knowing the infusion rate that maintains steady state, we can prescribe the iv fluid at a faster rate in order to raise the plasma sodium. Rates less than the ratio profile may risk a paradox, which essentially is caused by an iv fluid underdosing. Selecting an iv fluid that is more concentrated than urine is not enough to prevent paradoxes; even 3% saline can be underdosed. Drinking water adds to the ratio profile and is underestimated in its ability to provoke a paradox. In conclusion, the quantitative approach demystifies the paradoxical worsening of hyponatremia in SIAD and offers a prescriptive guide to keep the paradox from happening. The ratio profile method is objective and quickly deployable on rounds, where it may change patient management for the better.
An X-ray image of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068

An image of NGC 1068 with 4-5 arcsec obtained with the High Resolution Imager on the Rosat X-ray Observatory in the energy band 0.1-2.4 keV is presented and discussed. The map reveals an unresolved nuclear source, extended (about 1.5 kpc) emission around the nucleus, and extended (about 13 kpc) emission from the starburst disk. The extended circumnuclear emission aligns toward the NE, the same direction as found for the resolved emission of the active nucleus in several other wavebands. Thermal emission from a hot wind is argued to be the source of the steep-spectrum, nuclear, and circumnuclear emission. The disk of NGC 1068 has ratios of soft X-ray to B band and soft X-ray to 60-micron luminosities which are similar to those found for other starburst systems. The X-ray spectrum of the starburst disk is harder than that of the nuclear emission. By adopting a plausible spectrum and extrapolating the present measured flux, it is concluded that the starburst disk contributes most of the hard component seen in the 2-10 keV band.
Risk reduction via spatial and temporal visualization of road accidents: a way forward for emergency response optimization in developing countries

Abstract To achieve an effective emergency response and road safety, this study aims to assist a semi-automated dynamic system to analyze and predict the spatial distribution and temporal pattern of road crashes. Kasur, an intermediate city of Pakistan, was selected and data including location, time and reasons of accidents for five years (2014–2018) was utilized. Radar charts, Getis-Ord Gi* statistic, Moran’s I spatial auto-correlation, and time series indices were engaged to present temporal, spatial and spatial-temporal variation of accidents, using python-based tools and jupyter notebook. A dynamic user interface was created using Github and Tableau to visualize a real-time zoom-able spatiotemporal variation of accidents. The results explain that out of 12 months, October faces the peak while April sees the least of road accidents. 7am is the peak hour for accidents and the weekends record a significantly higher number of road accidents as compared to weekdays. The city core witnesses the major hotspot areas with huge cluster of accidents. The findings contribute towards a well-informed decision support system, the knowledge of spatial analytics and its application in road safety science, and the preparedness of the rescue agencies for rapid response to reduce the impacts of road accidents.
Globalusis Rostverkinių Pamatų Optimizavimas Hibridiniu Genetiniu Algoritmu

Santrauka Straipsnio tikslas – sukurti technologiją polių padėtims rostverkiniuose pamatuose optimizuoti. Siekiama minimizuoti polių skaicių rostverke. Tikslo funkcija imama didžiausia atraminė poliaus reakcija, kuri optimizavimo metu yra minimizuojama. Is pradžių uždavinys sprendžiamas genetiniu algoritmu, o kai toliau genetinį algoritmą naudoti tampa neefektyvu, gautas rezultatas gerinamas specifiniu atsitiktinės lokalios paieskos algoritmu. Analizuodami eksperimentinius duomenis autoriai bando nustatyti momentą, kada reikia pereiti nuo genetinio algoritmo naudojimo prie lokalios paieskos algoritmo, kad geresnis rezultatas būtų pasiekiamas per kuo trumpesnį laiką. Bendrą algoritmą, sujungiantį genetinį algoritmą su lokalios paieskos algoritmu, autoriai vadina hibridiniu genetiniu algoritmu.
The effect of lithium surface coatings on plasma performance in the National Spherical Torus Experiment

National Spherical Torus Experiment [which M. Ono et al., Nucl. Fusion 40, 557 (2000)] high-power divertor plasma experiments have shown, for the first time, that benefits from lithium coatings applied to plasma facing components found previously in limited plasmas can occur also in high-power diverted configurations. Lithium coatings were applied with pellets injected into helium discharges, and also with an oven that directed a collimated stream of lithium vapor toward the graphite tiles of the lower center stack and divertor. Lithium oven depositions from a few milligrams to 1g have been applied between discharges. Benefits from the lithium coatings were sometimes, but not always, seen. These benefits sometimes included decreases in plasma density, inductive flux consumption, and edge-localized mode occurrence, and increases in electron temperature, ion temperature, energy confinement, and periods of edge and magnetohydrodynamic quiescence. In addition, reductions in lower divertor D, C, and O luminosi.
Age- and Sex-Specific Trends in Medical Complications After Acute Ischemic Stroke in the United States

Background and Objectives To test the hypothesis that the age and sex-specific prevalence of infectious (pneumonia, sepsis, and urinary tract infection [UTI]) and noninfectious (deep venous thrombosis [DVT], pulmonary embolism [PE], acute renal failure [ARF], acute myocardial infarction [AMI], and gastrointestinal bleeding [GIB]) complications increased after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) hospitalization in the United States from 2007 to 2019. Methods We conducted a serial cross-sectional study using the 2007–2019 National Inpatient Sample. Primary AIS admissions in adults (aged 18 years or older) with and without complications were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes. We quantified the age/sex-specific prevalence of complications and used negative binomial regression models to evaluate trends over time. Results Of 5,751,601 weighted admissions, 51.4% were women. 25.1% had at least 1 complication. UTI (11.8%), ARF (10.1%), pneumonia (3.2%), and AMI (2.5%) were the most common complications, while sepsis (1.7%), GIB (1.1%), DVT (1.2%), and PE (0.5%) were the least prevalent. Marked disparity in complication risk existed by age/sex (UTI: men 18–39 years 2.1%; women 80 years or older 22.5%). Prevalence of UTI (12.9%–9.7%) and pneumonia (3.8%–2.7%) declined, but that of ARF increased by ≈3-fold (4.8%–14%) over the period 2007–2019 (all p < 0.001). AMI (1.9%–3.1%), DVT (1.0%–1.4%), and PE (0.3%–0.8%) prevalence also increased (p < 0.001), but that of sepsis and GIB remained unchanged over time. After multivariable adjustment, risk of all complications increased with increasing NIH Stroke Scale (pneumonia: prevalence rate ratio [PRR] 1.03, 95% CI 1.03–1.04, for each unit increase), but IV thrombolysis was associated with a reduced risk of all complications (pneumonia: PRR 0.80, 85% CI 0.73–0.88; AMI: PRR 0.85, 95% CI 0.78–0.92; and DVT PRR 0.87, 95% CI 0.78–0.98). Mechanical thrombectomy was associated with a reduced risk of UTI, sepsis, and ARF, but DVT and PE were more prevalent in MT hospitalizations compared with those without. All complications except UTI were associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality (sepsis: PRR 1.97, 95% CI 1.78–2.19). Discussion Infectious complications declined, but noninfectious complications increased after AIS admissions in the United States in the last decade. Utilization of IV thrombolysis is associated with a reduced risk of all complications.
ScienceDirect The Conference in Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2014 ( PED 2014 ) Pedestrian movement model based on Voronoi cellular automata

Pedestrian movement models are used to analyze flows of pedestrians and design urban facilities. Among all the pedestrian movement models, the cellular automaton model is useful because of its simplicity. However, reproduced phenomena are imposed to the mesh size. This paper proposes a new pedestrian movement model, called the Voronoi cellular automaton model, which uses the Voronoi diagram as the underlying mesh. This paper claims that the flexibility of the new model enables us to reproduce phenomena which comes from the local features, such as corners, of the space, where the pedestrians walk. c © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of PED2014.
The diurnal cycle of lower boundary‐layer wind in the West African monsoon

Measurements of lower boundary‐layer winds collected from four Sonic Detection And Ranging (SODAR) systems during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) are presented. The SODARs were located in a mesoscale network in the vicinity of Niamey, Niger, in the period 31 May to 17 August 2006; from this network 41 days of good measurements have been obtained from at least one of the SODARs, while there are several days in which two or more SODARs produced good simultaneous data. The average variation of the winds in the lower boundary layer is here presented, as a function of height and of time of day. The results confirm previous studies of the diurnal cycle of winds, and quantify the variation of this diurnal cycle with height at low altitudes. On many nights, a distinct nocturnal low‐level jet was observed, at 200–400 m altitude. In profiles averaged over all of the sample days, the peak wind shear was in the layer below 300 m, with the strongest wind shear from 0000 to 0600 UTC. In particular, the magnitude of low‐level wind shear, which is a significant hazard for aviation, is shown to be strongly dependent on time of day. Strong low‐level wind shear (more than 4 m s−1 per 100 m), was observed on more than 35% of days in the 0000–0300 UTC period. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Microscopic theory of electron-phonon interaction in insulators or semiconductors

A unified treatment of the electron-phonon interaction matrix $M$ in insulators (or semiconductors at low temperatures) is given in terms of the complete linear electron response within the adiabatic approximation. The effective electron-one-phonon (el-ph) potential $M$ which is constructed, analogously to metals, as a screened vertex-corrected renormalized (bare) ion potential is defined, including all many-body corrections. We derive the small-wave-vector ($\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{q}}$) limit of $M$ leading to multipole as well as short-range contributions by separating out the electron response for fixed macroscopic electric field and using the analytical properties of the inverse dielectric tensor ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. We obtain explicit expressions for all standard types of el-ph couplings in terms of microscopic quantities in principle calculable from band structure. The main results of Lawaetz are rederived and new---indirectly induced---multipole terms are obtained. A new quadrupole sum rule for $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ is proved which guarantees, together with the already known acoustic sum rule, the well-known behavior of the acoustic scattering potential as a function of $q$ in the elastic limit. An effective el-two-ph scattering is investigated; further sum rules are proved representing constraints on a nonlinear response function.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction to detect infections of cardiac implantable electronic devices

Abstract Aims In patients with infections of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), the identification of causative pathogens is complicated by biofilm formations and previous antibiotic therapy. In this work, the impact of an additional fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), in combination with polymerase chain reaction and sequencing (FISHseq) was investigated. Methods and results In 36 patients with CIED infections, FISHseq of explanted devices was performed and compared with standard microbiological cultivation of preoperative and intraoperative samples. The mean age was 61.9 (±16.2) years; 25 (69.4%) were males. Most patients (62.9%) had heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Infections occurred as endoplastits (n = 26), isolated local generator pocket infection (n = 8), or both (n = 2); CIED included cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (n = 17), implantable cardioverter defibrillator (n = 11), and pacemaker (n = 8) devices. The overall positive FISHseq detection rate was 97%. Intraoperatively, pathogens were isolated in 42 vs. 53% in standard cultivation vs. FISHseq, respectively. In 16 of 17 FISHseq-negative patients, the nucleic acid strain DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) indicated inactive microorganisms, which were partially organized in biofilms (n = 4) or microcolonies (n = 2). In 13 patients in whom no pathogen was identified preoperatively, standard cultivation and FISHseq identified pathogens in 3 (23%) vs. 8 (62%), respectively. For the confirmation of preoperatively known bacteria, a combined approach was most efficient. Conclusion Fluorescence in situ hybridization sequencing is a valuable tool to detect causative microorganisms in CIED infections. The combination of FISHseq with preoperative cultivation showed the highest efficacy in detecting pathogens. Additional cultivation of intraoperative tissue samples or swabs yielded more confirmation of pathogens known from preoperative culture.
The effects of climate factors, population density, and vector density on the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in South Jakarta Administrative City 2016-2020: an ecological study

Background and aim: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV) and is transmitted through the bite of the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the incidence of DHF which can be influenced by climatic factors in the same month (non-time lag), climatic factors with a lag of 1 month (time lag 1), climatic factors with a lag of 2 months (time lag 2), population density, and vector density. Methods: The study design used is an ecological study. The data is sourced from the South Jakarta City Administration of Health, the South Jakarta City Administration of Central Statistics, and the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency. Data were analyzed using correlation test. Results: The results showed that the incidence of DHF was related to non-time lag rainfall, time lag 1, and time lag 2, air temperature time lag 2, air humidity non-time lag, time lag 1, and time lag 2, population density, and numbers of mosquito’s larvae free index (ABJ). Conclusions: DHF is still a disease that needs to be watched out for in the South Jakarta Administrative City, requiring the government and the people of the South Jakarta Administration to continue to increase efforts to prevent and control DHF. (www.actabiomedica.it)
Clinical Outcomes After Nonoperative Management of Large Acute Traumatic Subdural Hematomas in Older Patients: A Propensity-Scored Retrospective Analysis

BACKGROUND: Large (≥1 cm) acute traumatic subdural hematomas (aSDHs) are neurosurgical emergencies. Elderly patients with asymptomatic large aSDHs may benefit from conservative management. OBJECTIVE: To investigate inpatient mortality after conservative management of large aSDHs. METHODS: Single-center retrospective review of adult patients with traumatic brain injury from 2018 to 2021 revealed 45 large aSDHs that met inclusion criteria. Inpatient outcomes included mortality, length of stay, and discharge disposition. Follow-up data included rate of surgery for chronic SDH progression. Patients with large aSDHs were 2:1 propensity score–matched to patients with small (<1 cm) aSDHs based on age, Injury Severity Scale, Glasgow Coma Scale, and Rotterdam computed tomography scale. RESULTS: Median age (78 years), sex (male 52%), and race (Caucasian 91%) were similar between both groups. Inpatient outcomes including length of stay (P = .32), mortality (P = .37), and discharge home (P = .28) were similar between those with small and large aSDHs. On multivariate logistic regression (odds ratio [95% CI]), increased in-hospital mortality was predicted by Injury Severity Scale (1.3 [1.0-1.6]), Rotterdam computed tomography scale 3 to 4 (99.5 [2.1-4754.0), parafalcine (28.3 [1.7-461.7]), tentorial location (196.7 [2.9-13 325.6]), or presence of an intracranial contusion (52.8 [4.0-690.1]). Patients with large aSDHs trended toward higher progression on follow-up computed tomography of the head (36% vs 16%; P = .225) and higher rates of chronic SDH surgery (25% vs 7%; P = .110). CONCLUSION: In conservatively managed patients with minimal symptoms and mass effect on computed tomography of the head, increasing SDH size did not contribute to worsened in-hospital mortality or length of stay. Patients with large aSDHs may undergo an initial course of nonoperative management if symptoms and the degree of mass effect are mild.
Active Learning Guided Drug Design Lead Optimization Based on Relative Binding Free Energy Modeling

In silico identification of potent protein inhibitors commonly requires prediction of a ligand binding free energy (BFE). Thermodynamics integration (TI) based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations is a BFE calculation method capable of acquiring accurate BFE, but it is computationally expensive and time-consuming. In this work, we have developed an efficient automated workflow for identifying compounds with the lowest BFE among thousands of congeneric ligands, which requires only hundreds of TI calculations. Automated machine learning (AutoML) orchestrated by active learning (AL) in an AL-AutoML workflow allows unbiased and efficient search for a small set of best-performing molecules. We have applied this workflow to select inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease and were able to find 133 compounds with improved binding affinity, including 16 compounds with better than 100-fold binding affinity improvement. We obtained a hit rate that outperforms that expected of traditional expert medicinal chemist-guided campaigns. Thus, we demonstrate that the combination of AL and AutoML with free energy simulations provides at least 20× speedup relative to the naïve brute force approaches.
Influence of Wireworm Diet on its Susceptibility to and Control With the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium brunneum (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) in Laboratory and Field Settings

Abstract Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) represent promising control agents against wireworms but success in field experiments is inconsistent. The physiological condition of the targeted insect is crucial for its ability to withstand fungal infection. In particular, nutritional status is among the most important determinants of the insects' immune defense. In this study, we investigated the effects of diet on the development of the wireworm Agriotes obscurus (L.) (Coleoptera: Elateridae) and its subsequent susceptibility to the fungal pathogen Metarhizium brunneum (Petch) (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) in a pot experiment. After being reared on one of five plant diets for eight weeks, wireworms were exposed to an environment inoculated with the EPF and monitored for their susceptibility to fungal infection. We then performed a field experiment in which three plant diets (clover, radish, and a cover crop mix), selected according to the insects' performance in the laboratory experiment, were grown as a cover crop with EPF application. Plant diet influenced growth and development of larvae, but there were no strong differences in susceptibility toward fungal infection in the laboratory experiment. Damage levels in EPF-treated plots in the field varied depending on the cover crop. Damage was highest in plots planted with a mix of cover crop species, whereas damage was lowest in plots with clover or radish alone. This agrees with the laboratory results where insect performance was inferior when fed on clover or radish. Cover crop effects on wireworm damage in the subsequent cash crop may thus vary depending on the cover crop species selected.
Enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy thanks to Pt insertions in synthetic antiferromagnets

Synthetic antiferromagnets are of great interest as reference layers in magnetic tunnel junctions since they allow decreasing the dipolar coupling between the two magnetic electrodes and exhibit larger pinning fields than single reference layers. In this letter, we investigate the effect of the insertion of an ultrathin Pt layer in contact with the Ru spacer in synthetic antiferromagnets with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Surprisingly, for Ru thickness below 0.75 nm, the antiferromagnetic coupling amplitude through Ru first increases upon Pt insertion up to a critical Pt thickness (∼0.25 nm) above which coupling decreases. In addition, the corresponding increase of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy enhances the thermal stability of the structure.