Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of research into executive headship, 2001–2021

While extensive understanding of headship has emerged over the last half-century, the notion of executive headship remains under-explored. This article summarizes a systematic review of evidence relating to executive headship published since 2001. This review found the overwhelming majority of peer-reviewed articles into executive headship are small-scale or largely theoretical in nature. Meanwhile, the few larger-scale studies completed have generally been published directly by their commissioning body. Consequently, much is known about the policy and philosophical drivers behind the emergence of this role in English schools, but markedly less on its operationalization in practice. Furthermore, while few attempts have been made to assess the prevalence of this role, there is nevertheless some evidence (albeit limited) that executive headship can positively impact on organizational effectiveness and pupil outcomes. This article recommends that further research be undertaken into understanding how the role is performed in practice, its strengths and limitations, implications for governance, the characteristics it demands of leaders in practice and the support they require. Furthermore, parallels between this and similar roles in other countries (such as superintendents in the US) should also be examined to identify further lessons on how executive headship can best be utilized both strategically and operationally.
Role of Liver Biopsy in Management of Liver Diseases Following End of the Interferon Era: Experience of A Tertiary Referral Centre

Background: Liver biopsy (LB) is the cornerstone in the management of patients with liver diseases. However, a lot of queries had emerged about its role following the end of the interferon era. The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the current role of LB in the diagnosis of liver diseases. Methods: All patients who had underwent LB at the department of Hepatology, National Liver Institute, from January 2015 through December 2018 were recruited. Indications for LB, pathology reports, and medical records of all cases were retrieved, reviewed and statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 275 liver biopsies were collected, 191 males and 84 females with mean age 41.22±13.36 years. Etiological diagnosis made by histopathological evaluation was 48 drug induced liver injury (DILI), 42 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 34 chronic hepatitis B, or C with cholestasis, 29 autoimmune hepatitis, 34 primary sclerosing cholangitis, 13 primary biliary cholangitis, 7 autoimmune overlap syndrome, 13 active bilharziasis, 10 Wilson’s disease. Minor number of cases were diagnosed by different other etiologies. Initial diagnosis was made by liver biopsy and confirmed by clinical response and laboratory findings. Conclusion: Liver biopsy is still considered as the gold standard diagnostic measure of different liver diseases representing an integral component of management decisions in hepatology.
Bayesian Optimization

In numerical analysis, this problem is typically called (global) optimization and has been the subject of decades of study. We draw a distinction between global optimization, where we seek the absolute optimum in X , and local optimization, where we seek to nd a local optimum in the neighborhood of a given initial point x0. A common approach to optimization problems is to make some assumptions about f . For example, when the objective function f is known to be convex and the domain X is also convex, the problem is known as convex optimization and has been widely studied. Convex optimization is a common tool used across machine learning.
Effect of Nanostructuring on the Thermoelectric Properties of β-FeSi2

Nanostructured β-FeSi2 and β-Fe0.95Co0. 05Si2 specimens with a relative density of up to 95% were synthesized by combining a top-down approach and spark plasma sintering. The thermoelectric properties of a 50 nm crystallite size β-FeSi2 sample were compared to those of an annealed one, and for the former a strong decrease in lattice thermal conductivity and an upshift of the maximum Seebeck’s coefficient were shown, resulting in an improvement of the figure of merit by a factor of 1.7 at 670 K. For β-Fe0.95Co0. 05Si2, one observes that the figure of merit is increased by a factor of 1.2 at 723 K between long time annealed and nanostructured samples mainly due to an increase in the phonon scattering and an increase in the point defects. This results in both a decrease in the thermal conductivity to 3.95 W/mK at 330 K and an increase in the power factor to 0.63 mW/mK2 at 723 K.
The determinants of responses to physical abuse among Armenian-American school teachers

ABSTRACT Research over the past 40 years has consistently found that teachers do not report all cases of suspected child abuse and neglect even though they see children on a regular basis. Much of the studies on under-reporting by teachers have focused on public school systems, and there is very little research regarding the impact of cultural values. To address this gap in the literature, the current study examined the determinants of decision-making when it comes to responding to child abuse among a sample of Armenian-American faculty members across several private schools, with a specific focus on cultural values. The results indicated that some cultural values may be important but so too were attitudes toward, and knowledge of, reporting laws. Implications for future research and training for private school teachers are discussed.
Genetic Encoding of Cyanopyridylalanine for In‐Cell Protein Macrocyclization by the Nitrile–Aminothiol Click Reaction

Abstract Cyanopyridylalanines are non‐canonical amino acids that react with aminothiol compounds under physiological conditions in a biocompatible manner without requiring added catalyst. Here we present newly developed aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases for genetic encoding of meta‐ and para‐cyanopyridylalanine to enable the site‐specific attachment of a wide range of different functionalities. The outstanding utility of the cyanopyridine moiety is demonstrated by examples of i) post‐translational functionalization of proteins, ii) in‐cell macrocyclization of peptides and proteins, and iii) protein stapling. The biocompatible nature of the protein ligation chemistry enabled by the cyanopyridylalanine amino acid opens a new path to specific in vivo protein modifications in complex biological environments.
Potensi Aloe Vera sebagai Antiviral dan Immunostimulan di Masa Pandemi Covid-19: Review Article

Aloe Vera merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman obat-obatan yang semakin populer, tidak hanya bermanfaat untuk kecantikan tapi juga untuk kesehatan. Tujuan dari artikel ini yaitu membahas kandungan yang terdapat pada Aloe Vera sebagai antiviral dan imunostimulan. Metode yang digunakan oleh penulis dalam artikel ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka/literatur review, dengan mengumpulkan beberapa sumber tertulis melalui pencarian data yang di akses melalui Google sholar dan Science direct. Hasil dari analisis data menunjukkan bahwa Aloe Vera mengandung senyawa aktif yang memiliki efek biologik yaitu Mucopolysaccharides (MPS) salah satunya adalah polisakarida Acemannan yang mengandung bahan aktif Acetylated mannose yang masuk dalam golongan sakarida dan mempunyai fungsi untuk meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh (immunostimulan). Selain itu Aloe Vera memiliki kandungan antraquinon dan juga aloe emodin yang berfungsi sebagai antiviral untuk mencegah masuknya virus ke dalam tubuh. Berdasarkan hasil review artikel ini maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Aloe Vera bisa sebagai antiviral dan immunostimulan karena memiliki kandungan Acemannan, antraquinon dan aloe emodin. Dengan mengetahui informasi ini diharapkan masyarakat bisa memanfaatkan Aloe Vera yang berada di lingkungan sekitar sebagai bahan pangan selama Pandemi Covid – 19.
Predicting apparent personality from body language: benchmarking deep learning architectures for adaptive social human–robot interaction

First impressions of personality traits can be inferred by non-verbal behaviours such as head pose, body postures, and hand gestures. Enabling social robots to infer the apparent personalities of their users based on such non-verbal cues will allow robots to gain the ability of adapting to their users, constituting a further step towards the personalisation of human–robot interactions. Deep learning architectures such as residual networks, 3D convolutional networks, and long-short time memory networks have been applied to classify human activities and actions in computer vision tasks. These same architectures are beginning to be applied to study human emotions and personality by focusing mainly on facial features in video recordings. In this work, we exploit body language cues to predict apparent personality traits for human–robot interactions. We customised four state-of-the-art neural network architectures to the task, and benchmarked them on a dataset of short side-view videos of dyadic interactions. Our results show the potential for deep learning architectures to predict apparent personality traits from body language cues. While the performance varied between models and personality traits, our results show that these models could still be able to predict sole personality traits, as exemplified by the results on the conscientiousness trait. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
A Review of Flax Fiber Reinforced Thermoset Polymer Composites: Thermal-Physical Properties, Improvements and Application

ABSTRACT Flax is the strongest natural fiber used as reinforcement for polymer-based composites due to its ecological properties, low specific gravity, renewability, biodegradability, recyclability besides its high mechanical properties. However, thermal properties of flax fibers depend on its chemical composition and structure, so it should be carefully controlled during the production process of composites, which affect the final product performance. A review of flax fiber-reinforced thermoset composites (FRTCs) and their hybrids is presented in the article, mainly focus on thermal performance, water absorption, and durability of the composites. The effects of filler materials hybridization and fiber’s chemical modification on the properties and performance of the FRTCs are also covered. Finally, key industrial applications and future possible research work based on the current understanding of FRTCs, and their hybrids also are addressed.
Convection‐Permitting Simulations With the E3SM Global Atmosphere Model

This paper describes the first implementation of the Δx = 3.25 km version of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) global atmosphere model and its behavior in a 40‐day prescribed‐sea‐surface‐temperature simulation (January 20 through February 28, 2020). This simulation was performed as part of the DYnamics of the Atmospheric general circulation Modeled On Non‐hydrostatic Domains (DYAMOND) Phase 2 model intercomparison. Effective resolution is found to be ∼6× the horizontal dynamics grid resolution despite using a coarser grid for physical parameterizations. Despite this new model being in an immature and untuned state, moving to 3.25 km grid spacing solves several long‐standing problems with the E3SM model. In particular, Amazon precipitation is much more realistic, the frequency of light and heavy precipitation is improved, agreement between the simulated and observed diurnal cycle of tropical precipitation is excellent, and the vertical structure of tropical convection and coastal stratocumulus look good. In addition, the new model is able to capture the frequency and structure of important weather events (e.g., tropical cyclones, extratropical cyclones including atmospheric rivers, and cold air outbreaks). Interestingly, this model does not get rid of the erroneous southern branch of the intertropical convergence zone nor the tendency for strongest convection to occur over the Maritime Continent rather than the West Pacific, both of which are classic climate model biases. Several other problems with the simulation are identified, underscoring the fact that this model is a work in progress.
Increased serum interleukin- 17A levels correlate with disease severity and poor prognostic factors in patients with alopecia areata

Alopecia areata (AA) is a tissue-specific autoimmune disease characterized by non-scarring and rapid onset of hair loss. Interleukin (IL)-17A is mainly produced by T helper 17 (Th17) cells and may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases including AA. We conducted this research to measure serum level of IL-17A in patients with AA and investigated its relationship with the clinical manifestations in patients with AA. We assessed 36 patients with AA and 20 healthy control subjects. Demographic information and clinical characteristics were determined by physical examination and via the review of medical history. Serum IL-17A was measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum IL-17A concentration was significantly higher in patients with AA than in the control group (P=0.004). The AA patients with severe presentation, personal atopy, nail abnormalities, or active phase had significantly higher serum IL- 17A levels compared to others without these signs. Increased serum IL-17A levels in patients with AA correlate with severity and indicate an active disease state. These findings suggest that IL-17A may play an important role in determining the pathogenesis of AA and may serve as a valuable clinical biomarker of this disease.
Geological processes mediate a subsurface microbial loop in the deep biosphere

The deep biosphere is the largest microbial habitat on Earth and features abundant bacterial endospores1,2. Whereas dormancy and survival at theoretical energy minima are hallmarks of subsurface microbial populations3, the roles of fundamental ecological processes like dispersal and selection in these environments are poorly understood4. Here we combine geophysics, geochemistry, microbiology and genomics to investigate biogeography in the subsurface, focusing on bacterial endospores in a deep-sea setting characterized by thermogenic hydrocarbon seepage. Thermophilic endospores in permanently cold seabed sediments above petroleum seep conduits were correlated with the presence of hydrocarbons, revealing geofluid-facilitated cell migration pathways originating in deep oil reservoirs. Genomes of thermophilic bacteria highlight adaptations to life in anoxic petroleum systems and reveal that these dormant populations are closely related to oil reservoir microbiomes from around the world. After transport out of the subsurface and into the deep-sea, thermophilic endospores re-enter the geosphere by sedimentation. Viable thermophilic endospores spanning the top several metres of the seabed correspond with total endospore counts that are similar to or exceed the global average. Burial of dormant cells enables their environmental selection in sedimentary formations where new petroleum systems establish, completing a geological microbial loop that circulates living biomass in and out of the deep biosphere.
Review of American Nationalism and the Historical Development

This article outlines the history of American nationalism and analyzes the reasons for its recent increase. The paper describes the benefits and dangers of American nationalism for the United States and the world. It identifies the decreasing share of the American middle class and the increasing minority population as the reasons for the recent rise of American nationalism. This study is based on the research method of literature review. Data sources included books from John Fousek, which argue for the merging of American nationalism and American international intervention in the Cold War. This study also cites several Trump speeches to argue for Trump's nationalist tendencies and Trump's contribution to American nationalism. This study outlines the journey of American nationalism from its origins in opposition to British colonial rule to its legitimization of American expansion into the West and its merging with American international interventionism during the Cold War. It discusses the reasons for the recent extremes of American nationalism due to the shrinking American middle class and the growth of ethnic minorities. The recent rise of extreme nationalism around the world has exacerbated conflicts within and between many countries and has threatened world peace and the democracy of various countries. The significance of this study is to outline nationalism in the United States, explain the reasons for the rise of nationalism in the United States, and warn of the dangers of extreme nationalism in the United States and around the world.
Placental mTOR Signaling and Sexual Dimorphism in Metabolic Health across the Lifespan of Offspring

Robust evidence of fetal programming of adult disease has surfaced in the last several decades. Human and preclinical investigations of intrauterine insults report perturbations in placental nutrient sensing by the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). This review focuses on pregnancy complications associated with placental mTOR regulation, such as fetal growth restriction (FGR), fetal overgrowth, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), maternal nutrient restriction (MNR), preeclampsia (PE), maternal smoking, and related effects on offspring birthweight. The link between mTOR-associated birthweight outcomes and offspring metabolic health trajectory with a focus on sexual dimorphism are discussed. Both human physiology and animal models are summarized to facilitate in depth understanding. GDM, PCOS and fetal overgrowth are associated with increased placental mTOR, whereas FGR, MNR and maternal smoking are linked to decreased placental mTOR activity. Generally, birth weight is reduced in complications with decreased mTOR (i.e., FGR, MNR, maternal smoking) and higher with increased mTOR (GDM, PCOS). Offspring display obesity or a higher body mass index in childhood and adulthood, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance in adulthood, and deficiencies in pancreatic beta-cell mass and function compared to offspring from uncomplicated pregnancies. Defining causal players in the fetal programming of offspring metabolic health across the lifespan will aid in stopping the vicious cycle of obesity and type II diabetes.
Transgenerational inheritance of promoter methylation changes in extrauterine growth restriction-induced pulmonary arterial pressure disorders

Background This study aimed to investigate the influence of extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) on pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and the transgenerational inheritance of promoter methylation changes in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (PVECs) of 2 consecutive generations under EUGR stress. Methods After modeling, PAP values of F1 and F2 pups were investigated at 9-week-old. The methyl-DNA immune precipitation chip was used to analyze DNA methylation profiling. Differential enrichment peaks (DEPs) and regions of interest (ROIs) were identified, based on which Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and reactome pathway enrichments were analyzed. Results The F1 male rats in the EUGR group had significantly increased PAP levels compared to the control group; however, this increase was not observed in female rats. Interestingly, in F2 female rats, the EUGR group had decreased PAP. In the X chromosome of the F1 males, there were 16 differential ROI genes in the F1 generation, while in F2 females, there were 86 differential ROI genes. Similarly, there were 105 DEPs in the F1 generation and 38 DEPs in the F2 generation. In combination with the 5 common ROIs and 14 common DEPs, 18 genes were regarded as the key candidate genes associated with hereditable PAP variation in the EUGR model. Enrichment analysis showed that synaptic and neurotransmitter relative pathways might be involved in the process of EUGR-induced PAH development. Among common DEPs, Smad1 and Serpine1 were also found in 102 PAH-associated genes in the MalaCards database. Conclusions Together, there is a transgenerational inheritance of promoter methylation changes in the X chromosome in EUGR-induced PAP disorders, which involves the participation of synaptic and neurotransmitter relative pathways. Also, attenuated methylation of Smad1 and Serpine1 in the promoter region may be a partial driver of PAH in later life.
AppendixA . 2

 use creatinine assays that are specific (for example, enzymatic assays) and zero-biased compared with isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS)  participate in a UK national external quality assessment scheme for creatinine. [new 2014] For more information about implementing this recommendation, see implementation: getting started. 1.1. 3 Apply a correction factor to GFR values estimated using the CKD‐EPI creatinine equation for people of African-Caribbean or African family origin (multiply eGFR by 1.159). [new 2014]
Characterization of “Super-Responders” to Cryoballoon Ablation

Background: Pulmonary Veins Isolation (PVI) is the cornerstone in the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Recurrence rate is common in the long-term followup (FU); nevertheless, some patients maintain Sinus Rhythm (SR) for more than 5 years after the index ablation. The aim of this study is characterize this kind of patients so called “super-responders”. Methods: This is a retrospective single-center study including all patients summited for cryo-balloon ablation in our hospital from January 2011 to September 2020. We investigated clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic variables and those linked to the ablation procedure. A univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed. Results: During this period, 422 patients underwent PVI; however, 193 were excluded: 21 lost in the FU, 30 got radiofrequency ablation and 142 did not reach a minimum 5 years FU. Of the 229 finally included, 85 (group 1) did not have any recurrence during the follow-up, in front of 144 (group 2) with AF recurrences. In the multivariate analysis the p wave duration: OR: 0.92; 95% CI (0.89-0.94); p <0.001, BMI kg/m²: OR: 0.74; 95% CI (0.65-0.85); p <0.001, a temperature <-40°C in all the targeted veins: OR: 3.52; 95% CI (1.45-8.54); p=0.005 and SR on the ablation index day OR: 7.29; 95% CI (1.53-34.71); p=0.012, maintained statistical significance. Conclusions: In our series the p wave duration, BMI, the presence of SR the ablation index day and achieving a temperature <-40°C in all the targeted veins, resulted as protective factors to maintain SR in the long term follow-up. An adequate selection of patients probably could improve results and optimize resources.