Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Possible melting produced chondrule destruction in NWA 6604 CK4 chondrite

In analyzing a thin section of the NWA 6604 CK4 meteorite, only altered chondrules and various components that are probably left behind the destruction of former chondrules can be observed. We suggest that melting, grain size decrease, resorption of the original chondrules, and crystallization of opaque minerals were the main processes that destroyed the chondrules. Four different events could be identified as having occurred during this alteration. First, opaques crystallized along former fractures producing chains of separated grains. Later, opaques and Ca‐rich minerals crystallized together in veins and large melt pockets; this was the strongest recrystallization phase involving the largest volume of melt. This occurred along different fractures than the first phase above. During the third phase, only Ca‐rich plagioclase crystallized along thin veins, and in a fourth phase, fractures formed again, partly along those formed during the second phases but without substantial mineral infill. Two simple possible case models should be considered for this meteorite: alteration by purely impact‐driven processes or mainly by melt‐driven processes. Although for CK4 chondrites, the shock‐produced alteration driven by impact is the more accepted and widespread approach, melting is also compatible with the observed textural characteristics of chondrule destruction. During melting, recrystallization took place producing iron‐rich minerals earlier and Ca‐Si‐rich ones later. The penetration of melts into veins contributed in the chondrule destruction. The stress directions also changed during these alterations, and minerals that formed later filled differently oriented fractures than the earlier ones. From our observations, we favor a view where heat‐driven melting and recrystallization produced the destruction and uniform mineralogy in the sample.
PDG: A Prefetcher for Dynamic Graph Updating

Dynamic graphs can be utilized to model many real-world applications like social media analysis in which the connections and entities evolve continuously. Hence, the processing of dynamic graphs is gaining increasing popularity. However, prior dynamic graph processing systems mainly focus on the optimization of graph analytics but overlook graph updating which manages the evolving graph structure and presents a unified view to graph analytics. Since graph updating operates on evolving graphs and involves a large number of irregular memory accesses, it poses a substantial influence on the performance of dynamic graph processing systems. In this work, we observe that graph updating is mainly bottlenecked by a frequent indirect memory access pattern <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${^{*}(^{*}(B[A[i]]+{\mathrm{ offset}}))}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The pattern is inherent to the typical graph updating from the incoming edge stream to the base data store organized with either an adjacent list or a compressed sparse row. With this observation, we propose a novel prefetcher for dynamic graph updating abbreviated as PDG. PDG is a lightweight pipelined instruction-based prefetcher specialized for graph updating and it is also compatible with the irregular memory access pattern <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${B[A[i]]}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> widely used in graph analytics. In addition, it leverages a monitor of the instruction queue to decide the appropriate timing of prefetching to make the best use of the cache. According to our experiments, PDG achieves <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.60\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.26\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.30\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> performance speedup compared to three representative prefetchers, respectively, with negligible hardware overhead in graph updating.
De novo assembly and comparative analysis of the mitochondrial genome of Reynoutria japonica

Reynoutria japonica Houtt. is an important medical plant with a long history of thousands of years in China, however, its mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) has not been reported yet. In this work, we reported and analyzed the R. japonica mitogenome. The main results include: The R. japonica mitogenome was 302,229 bp in length and encoded 48 genes, including 27 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 3 rRNA genes, and 18 tRNA genes. Repeat sequence analysis revealed that there were 54 repeat sequences ranging from 193 bp to 1,983 bp in the R. japonica mitogenome. Relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) analysis showed that leucine (900, 11.01%) and serine (732, 8.96%) were the two most abundant amino acids, and the codons with RSCU values showed the preference of A or T ending when greater than 1. The RNA editing sites of PCGs in the R. japonica mitogenome were characterized, and 299 RNA editing sites were found. Extensive sequences transfer between mitochondrion and chloroplast were found in R. japonica, where 11 complete plastid-derived tRNA genes stayed intact in the R. japonica mitogenome. Three genes (ccmFC, cox1, and nad1) were seen to play essential roles in the evolution through selection pressure analysis. The phylogenetic analysis showed that Fallopia multiflora was the closest species with R. japonica, in consistency with the results of chloroplast genome. Overall, the current work presents the first mitogenome of R. japonica and could contribute to the phylogenetic analysis of the family Polygonaceae.
Approximation of Salt‐Water Interface Fluctuation in an Unconfined Coastal Aquifer

A combination of an analytical model for the free-surface fluctuation and a numerical model for the interface fluctuation has been formulated for transient characteristics of salt-water interface considering four different boundary conditions in the form of exciting functions imposed on the upstream source of fresh-water supply. The one-dimensional analytical model has been solved using Laplace transform, and the theory of residues and the results are expressed in terms of an infinite series and an error function. The numerical model gives the fluctuation of the interface for the known free-surface profile; the interface location at the upstream boundary is specified on the condition that any fluctuation in the water table causes a net flow component in the vertical direction at that section. In comparison with laboratory tests, the method appears to be a reasonable approximation of the fluctuating phenomena for practical applications, except for consideration of time lag for interface response which needs further investigation.
Bw4 ligand and direct T-cell receptor binding induced selection on HLA A and B alleles

Introduction The HLA region is the hallmark of balancing selection, argued to be driven by the pressure to present a wide variety of viral epitopes. As such selection on the peptide-binding positions has been proposed to drive HLA population genetics. MHC molecules also directly binds to the T-Cell Receptor and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). Methods We here combine the HLA allele frequencies in over six-million Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC) donors with a novel machine-learning-based method to predict allele frequency. Results We show for the first time that allele frequency can be predicted from their sequences. This prediction yields a natural measure for selection. The strongest selection is affecting KIR binding regions, followed by the peptide-binding cleft. The selection from the direct interaction with the KIR and TCR is centered on positively charged residues (mainly Arginine), and some positions in the peptide-binding cleft are not associated with the allele frequency, especially Tyrosine residues. Discussion These results suggest that the balancing selection for peptide presentation is combined with a positive selection for KIR and TCR binding.
Plant Development in the Garden Pea as Revealed by Mutations in the Crd/PsYUC1 Gene

In common with other plant species, the garden pea (Pisum sativum) produces the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) from tryptophan via a single intermediate, indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPyA). IPyA is converted to IAA by PsYUC1, also known as Crispoid (Crd). Here, we extend our understanding of the developmental processes affected by the Crd gene by examining the phenotypic effects of crd gene mutations on leaves, flowers, and roots. We show that in pea, Crd/PsYUC1 is important for the initiation and identity of leaflets and tendrils, stamens, and lateral roots. We also report on aspects of auxin deactivation in pea.
A Seasonal Snow Cover Classification System for Local to Global Applications.

Abstract A new classification system for seasonal snow covers is proposed. It has six classes (tundra, taiga, alpine, maritime, prairie, and ephemeral, each class defined by a unique ensemble of textural and stratigraphic characteristics including the sequence of snow layers, their thickness, density, and the crystal morphology and grain characteristics within each layer. The classes can also be derived using a binary system of three climate variables: wind, precipitation, and air temperature. Using this classification system, the Northern Hemisphere distribution of the snow cover classes is mapped on a 0.5° lat × 0.5° long grid. These maps are compared to maps prepared from snow cover data collected in the former Soviet Union and Alaska. For these areas where both climatologically based and texturally based snow cover maps are available, there is 62% and 90% agreement, respectively. Five of the six snow classes are found in Alaska. From 1989 through 1992, hourly measurements, consisting of 40 thermal and.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Involvement of Mitophagy and Peroxisome in the Resistance to QoIs in Corynespora cassiicola

Quinone outside inhibitor fungicides (QoIs) are crucial fungicides for controlling plant diseases, but resistance, mainly caused by G143A, has been widely reported with the high and widespread use of QoIs. However, two phenotypes of Corynespora casiicola (RI and RII) with the same G143A showed significantly different resistance to QoIs in our previous study, which did not match the reported mechanisms. Therefore, transcriptome analysis of RI and RII strains after trifloxystrobin treatment was used to explore the new resistance mechanism in this study. The results show that 332 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly up-regulated and 448 DEGs were significantly down-regulated. The results of GO and KEGG enrichment showed that DEGs were most enriched in ribosomes, while also having enrichment in peroxide, endocytosis, the lysosome, autophagy, and mitophagy. In particular, mitophagy and peroxisome have been reported in medicine as the main mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, while the lysosome and endocytosis are an important organelle and physiological process, respectively, that assist mitophagy. The oxidative stress experiments showed that the oxidative stress resistance of the RII strains was significantly higher than that of the RI strains: specifically, it was more than 1.8-fold higher at a concentration of 0.12% H2O2. This indicates that there is indeed a significant difference in the scavenging capacity of ROS between the two phenotypic strains. Therefore, we suggest that QoIs’ action caused a high production of ROS, and that scavenging mechanisms such as mitophagy and peroxisomes functioned in RII strains to prevent oxidative stress, whereas RI strains were less capable of resisting oxidative stress, resulting in different resistance to QoIs. In this study, it was first revealed that mitophagy and peroxisome mechanisms available for ROS scavenging are involved in the resistance of pathogens to fungicides.
(PREPRINT) Masks, Mosques, and Lockdowns: Islamic Organisations Navigating the Covid-19 Pandemic in Germany

Based on fieldwork in the German state of Lower Saxony, the article investigates Covid-19 related responses by Islamic associations and local mosques. The inquiry focuses on the time prior to the first lockdown, during mosque closures, and around the opening phase, covering the months between February 2020 and November 2020. Drawing on organisational sociology, Islamic studies, and research on pandemics, the article contributes to the debate on the contested nature of Islamic representation and the institu-tionalisation of Islam in Germany, by analysing internal and relational dynamics, different and converging strategies, external challenges and cooperation by Islamic authorities during the first Covid-19 wave in Germany.
Capacitively Coupled Resistivity Survey of the Levee Surrounding the Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Power Plant, June 2011

This report is a release of digital data from a capacitively coupled resistivity survey conducted on June 13, 2011, on the flood-protection levees surrounding the Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City power plant. The U.S. Geological Survey Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center and the Nebraska Water Science Center performed the survey in response to a flood on the Missouri River. A single line of resistivity profiling was completed along the center line of the section of levee 573 that surrounds the power plant. Introduction Capacitively coupled surveys have been used effectively by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to map the near surface electrical properties of the subsurface to a depth of approximately 10 meters (m) (Ball and others, 2006; Burton and others, 2009). This type of survey provides a nearly continuous resistivity dataset, which can be inverted to provide a distribution of resistivity with depth along a profile. The inverted data can then be correlated to known lithologic data from the area to create a geologic interpretation. The data included in this report have undergone processing and preliminary inversion. Final inversions and geological interpretation can be completed after borehole information concerning lithology at selected locations is available. Purpose and Scope This report presents the capacitively coupled resistivity survey data collected by the USGS on June 13, 2011, on levee 573. This levee protects the Omaha Public Power District (OPPD) Nebraska City power plant. Approximately 7 kilometers (km) of data were collected. The objective of the survey is to map the near subsurface electrical properties, including the levee and the materials immediately below it. To gain a better understanding of the levee construction and the nature of the lithology upon which it rests, this report presents preliminary inversion results as well as the raw and inverted data so that comparisons with available borehole information can be made in the future.
A Novel Derivation of Black Hole Entropy in all Dimensions from truly Point Mass Sources

It is explicitly shown how the Schwarzschild Black Hole Entropy (in all dimensions) emerges from truly point mass sources at r = 0 due to a non-vanishing scalar curvature involving the Dirac delta distribution. It is the density and anisotropic pressure components associated with the point mass delta function source at the origin r = 0 which furnish the Schwarzschild black hole entropy in all dimensions D ≥ 4 after evaluating the Euclidean Einstein-Hilbert action. As usual, it is required to take the inverse Hawking temperature β H as the length of the circle S 1 β obtained from a compactification of the Euclidean time in thermal field theory which results after a Wick rotation, it = τ , to imaginary time. The appealing and salient result is that there is no need to introduce the Gibbons-Hawking-York boundary term in order to arrive at the black hole entropy because in our case one has that R ̸ = 0. Furthermore, there is no need to introduce a complex integration contour to avoid the singularity as shown by Gibbons and Hawking. On the contrary, the source of the black hole entropy stems entirely from the scalar curvature singularity at the origin r = 0. We conclude by explaining how to generalize our construction to the Kerr-Newman metric by exploiting the Newman-Janis algorithm. The physical implications of this finding warrants further investigation since it suggests a profound connection between the notion of gravitational entropy and spacetime singularities.
The detrimental effects of delay on the endorsement of misleading details for emotionally salient events

Previous research has shown that the exposure to misleading information continues its detrimental effect on memory over time for negatively arousing events. However, research has also shown that both high-and low-arousing negative events are vulnerable to distortion from misinformation. Therefore, the present study set out to explore the impact of retention interval on memory for negative (arousing and non-arousing) and neutral events in the misinformation paradigm. Participants were presented with a negative high-arousing, a negative low-arousing, and a neutral scene, and exposed to misleading information for central and peripheral aspects of each scene. Recognition memory for scene details was measured 10 min after misinformation exposure and again after one week. We found that, regardless of the type of detail, the effect of misinformation persisted over time for the negative-arousing event but disappeared one week later for the negative low-arousing and neutral events. The results are explained in relation to adaptive function and theories of source monitoring. The findings of this study provide important forensic implications, especially when we consider the arousing nature of crimes.
Organisaatioiden eettinen infrastruktuuri konfliktien johtamisen suunnannäyttäjänä

Ethical infrastructure of organizations as a guide for conflict management Unethical behavior at the workplace may have a negative impact on workers´ job satisfaction, engagement, and overall wellbeing. However, organizations have different strategies and orientations to managing and sustaining an ethical environment. In this qualitative study we explore what contributes to individuals´ experience of successful conflict management. We study this from the perspective of ethical infrastructure, that is a set of formal and informal systems that build ethical culture in organizations. We conducted nine in-depth interviews and used the first two phases of Appreciative Inquiry (AI) (define and dream) to identify and envision good practice. The study identified constructive practice, collective agency, communication, emotional skills, and a working culture based on dialogue as factors supporting future workplaces in conflict resolution. The study highlights the need to understand conflict management as being dependent on, and in interaction with other elements
Bred Vectors of the Zebiak–Cane Model and Their Potential Application to ENSO Predictions

Abstract The breeding method is used to obtain the bred vectors (BV) of the Zebiak–Cane (ZC) atmosphere–ocean coupled model. Bred vectors represent a nonlinear, finite-time extension of the leading local Lyapunov vectors of the ZC model. The spatial structure and growth rate of bred vectors are strongly related to the background ENSO evolution of the ZC model. It is equally probable for the BVs to have a positive or negative sign (defined using the Nino-3 index of the BV), though often there is a sign change just before or after an El Nino event. The growth rate (and therefore the spatial coherence) of the BVs peaks several months prior to and after an El Nino event and it is nearly neutral at the mature stage. Potential applications of bred vectors for ENSO predictions are explored in the context of data assimilation and ensemble forecasting under a perfect model scenario. It is shown that when bred vectors are removed from random initial error fields, forecast errors can be reduced by up to 30%. This su.
Preliminary Study on Hyperbenthos Species Composition in Varna Bay (the Western Black Sea)

Preliminary study of hyperbenthos composition in Varna Bay (the Western Black Sea) was carried out in June, August and October 2007, and in June and October 2008. A total of 37 hyperbenthos and zooplankton taxa were established. The hyperbenthos consisted mainly of decapod's larvae (6), fish eggs and larvae (10) and 4 crustacean's groups, belonging to merohyperbenthos and holohyperbenthos. The merohyperbenthos made up a significant share of the total species number in June - August 2007 (70 % -55 %), whereas the fish eggs were replaced by larval stages of anchovy, horse mackerel and red mullet in October 2007. In June 2008 the share of merohyperbenthos reached 61 %, whereas in October 2008 the hyperbenthos was dominated by holohyperbenthos (43 %).
Mapping the Poverty Proportion in Small Areas under Random Regression Coefficient Poisson Models

In a complex socio-economic context, policy makers need highly disaggregated poverty indicators. In this work, we develop a methodology in small area estimation to derive predictors of poverty proportions under a random regression coefficient Poisson model, introducing bootstrap estimators of mean squared errors. Maximum likelihood estimators of model parameters and random effects mode predictors are calculated using a Laplace approximation algorithm. Simulation experiments are conducted to investigate the behaviour of the fitting algorithm, the predictors and the mean squared error estimator. The new statistical methodology is applied to data from the Spanish survey of living conditions to map poverty proportions by province and sex, developing a tool to support policy decision making
Multi-State Analysis of Family Dynamics in Austria: Scenarios to the Year 2030

The methods of multi-state demography can generally be applied to any process where transitions between states occur in dependence on age and one is ready to make the Markovian assumption that the transition probability depends only on the present state and on age. It turns out that this methodology fits quite well to the complex field of family demography and helps to avoid several pitfalls of other models such as the traditional family lifecycle approach. Aside from the analysis part the multi-state model can also be used to project the future distribution over states under different scenarios. This was done using IIASA's interactive DIALOG program for the case of Austria.
Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Kuwait Chapter)

This research study looks at the impact of electronic word of mouth on consumer purchase intention. This study is specifically based in Lahore city. Electronic word of mouth is an independent variable, consumer perception is mediator and consumer purchase intention is dependent variable. This research is performed in footwear sector. For this study, 500 students of different universities were asked questions about effect of electronic word of mouth on consumer buying behavior in footwear industry of Pakistan. When the surveys were completed and returned, the data was entered into SPSS for analysis. Several tests were run on the data, and significant findings were present. It was found that electronic word of mouth have significant effects on consumer purchase intention. The results and data are discussed in depth within this report. There are also several recommendations as well as future research implications at the end of this research study.