Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advanced materials of automobile bodies in volume production

Nowadays even regular drivers informed about application of high strength and low density materials in automobile structures. The reasons for it are not only intention of automobile manufacturers to redivide a market for their benefits or advertising purpose, but adequate response to legal requirements regulating fuel economy growth and protection of environment. Aluminum automobile bodies, nonmetallic closures and interiors made of natural materials are emerging on roads and city streets. However all these novelties are results of invisible but tremendous efforts of scientists, designers, product engineers, metallurgists, economists and marketing experts. If management decision of material selection is not based on deep analysis, then negative economic and technical effect are matters of course. Development onrush of traditional and alternative body materials complicates this decision even for expert. Material selection for automobile body and related technical, economical and geographical details are outlined in the present paper. Latest advantages of metallurgy, polymer and composite manufacturing as well as safety, repair and recycling issues are briefly analyzed from automobile engineer standpoint. A number of scientists and technicians could be interested in collaboration programs between automobile, metallurgical, academical and government organizations oriented to developing of advanced body designs and materials, so most prosperous of them are described below. Analysis of modern automobile designs is given on the basis of all these data; moreover, forecast of future progress is completed. Attempt to cover all variety of up-todate body materials, analyze and highlight the most promising of them for volume production was committed on small scale of the paper.
Analysis of pollen across the surface sediments of Lake Imbradas, Lithuania

Abstract In conventional pollen analysis, usually one sediment core per basin is analyzed to reconstruct past environmental conditions. This approach does not consider spatial heterogeneity of pollen assemblages, and assumes that one analyzed location is representative of the whole basin. To improve the spatial resolution of fossil pollen studies, further knowledge of the factors influencing variations in pollen assemblages throughout a basin is needed. We examined the spatial heterogeneity of pollen assemblages from 45 lacustrine surface samples from a lake with relatively simple hydrology and compared this dense network of surface pollen samples with the Lithuanian State Forest Service arboreal vegetation database. Calculations of pollen productivity at different locations across the lake revealed variations in the behavior of a pollen-vegetation relationship model in different parts of the basin. Our findings suggest that the model underestimated pollen contributions from the lakeshore vegetation. We demonstrate that detailed investigations of surface pollen as a step prior to fossil pollen investigations can provide useful insights, including understanding the influence of sedimentation rate on modelling results and spatial variations in pollen composition, thus providing guidance for site selection for fossil pollen studies.
A Robust and Simple Micro-Controller Based Frequency Response Analyzer

Robustness in the frequency response of electrical components is critical in building state of the art power electronic systems. A frequency response analyzer also called a network analyzer is used to determine the frequency response of an electrical network. Practical components have non-idealities such as parasitics, which need to be measured before their use in a design. Efficient design of electrical components over a high frequency range is vital for improving the overall performance of the electrical circuit. A frequency response analyzer is used to measure the impedances of active and passive components over a wide range of frequencies. This paper deals with the design of an robust micro-controller based frequency response analyzer whose frequency range is from 10Hz to 10MHz. The design, components used and the layout implemented are presented in this paper. Details related to the hardware and firmware are also explicitly explained for ease of design.
Design, Modeling And Hardware Implementation Of Mppt Controlled Grid Connected Hybrid System With Smart Tracker And Improved Power Quality

This paper proposes a unique standalone hybrid power generation system, applying advanced power control techniques, fed by four power sources: wind power, solar power, storage battery, and diesel engine generator, and which is not connected to a commercial power system. Considerable effort was put into the development of active-reactive power and dump power controls. The result of laboratory experiments revealed that amplitudes and phases of ac output voltage were well regulated in the proposed hybrid system. Different power sources can be interconnected anywhere on the same power line, leading to flexible system expansion. It is anticipated that this hybrid power generation system, into which natural energy is incorporated, will contribute to global environmental protection on isolated islands and in rural locations without any dependence on commercial power systems. This paper presents an intelligent method for maximizing power output from a solar system is desirable to increase efficiency by use of on MPPT algorithm, buck-boost operation and multifunctional smart solar tracking system. The proposed MPPT-algorithm is used to track MPPs because it performs precise control under rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. A photovoltaic (PV) based dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is proposed to handle deep voltage sags, swells and outages on a low voltage residential distribution system. The PV based DVR can recover sags up to 10%, swells up to 190% of its nominal value. Otherwise, it will operate as an Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) when the utility grid fails to supply. It is also designed to reduce the usage of utility grid, which is generated from nuclear and thermal power stations. PV based DVR system is comprised of PV system with low and high power DC–DC boost converter, PWM voltage source inverter, series injection transformer and semiconductor switches. Simulation results proved the capability of the proposed DVR in mitigating the voltage sag, swell and outage in a low voltage distribution system.
Facebook experiences of visually impaired students: A deconstruction of the challenges and benefits

This study explores the motivation for usage, benefits, and strategies to overcoming the challenges visually impaired people face in their Facebook interactions. Using in-depth interviews and a narrative analysis of five visually impaired students at the University of Cape Coast, we found that Facebook usage among visually impaired students, although unique in experiences and gratifications, has promoted the formation and strengthening of their social bonds in the community of visually impaired people and their significant other. However, the visually impaired students face significant challenges with interpreting the pictures and videos they encounter on Facebook because screen reader software currently in use cannot interpret graphical content forcing them to rely on their sighted friends which have created independence and privacy issues. Despite these challenges, Facebook remains a powerful communication tool for visually impaired students in interacting with both their disabled and non-disabled friends whom they would normally shy away from in person.
Efficient and Stable Perovskite Large Area Cells by Low-Cost Fluorene-Xantene-Based Hole Transporting Layer

Among the new generation photovoltaics, perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology reached top efficiencies in a few years. Currently, the main objective to further develop PSCs is related to the fabrication of stable devices with cost-effective materials and reliable fabrication processes to achieve a possible industrialization pathway. In the n-i-p device configuration, the hole transporting material (HTM) used most is the highly doped organic spiro-fluorene-based material (Spiro-OMeTAD). In addition to the high cost related to its complex synthesis, this material has different issues such as poor photo, thermal and moisture stability. Here, we test on small and large area PSCs a commercially available HTM (X55, Dyenamo) with a new core made by low-cost fluorene–xantene units. The one-pot synthesis of this compound reduces 30 times its cost with respect to Spiro-OMeTAD. The optoelectronic performances and properties are characterized through JV measurement, IPCE (incident photon to current efficiency), steady-state photoluminescence and ISOS stability test. SEM (scanning electron microscope) images reveal a uniform and pinhole free coverage of the X55 HTM surface, which reduces the charge recombination losses and improves the device performance relative to Spiro-OMeTAD from 16% to 17%. The ISOS-D-1 stability test on large area cells without any encapsulation reports an efficiency drop of about 15% after 1000 h compared to 30% for the reference case.
An aplication of conform mapping to the calculation of FTSP transducer with various geometrical form

Thc gcncral way for application of thc conform mapping method for the analysis the gconietrical cffccts in the four- tcrminal silicon prcssurc piezotransducer (FTSP transducer) is developed and presented in this paper. Various gcomctrical forms of the currcnt spread region (CSR) of the FTSP transducer arc analyzcd. As a result of this analysis, the analytical cquations for calcu- lation the clcmcnts of thc matrix of zi, resistanccs arc obtaincd and shown. Thesc cquations can be applied for the FTSP transducers whosc CSR is invariant both for rotation of 90" and for rotation of 180". Thc equations obtained and presented in this paper allows to calculate the geometrical correction function and the form coefficients of the FTSP transducer. In one's part, it allows to calculate thc sensitivity as well as the input and output resistances of the FTSP transducer as an clcnicnt of thc external clectrical circuit.
Numerical analysis on water treeing deterioration of XLPE cable insulation using combination of FEM and Taguchi method

Water treeing is one of the main deterioration phenomena affecting the service lifetime of the underground crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) power cables. Factors influencing the water tree growth can be classified in two major groups, namely, the external factors (operational factors) and the internal factors (material factors). The influences of the external factors on the number and the growth rates of water trees have fully understood through the long-term research around the world for the past four decades. However, the effects of the internal factors have been not so much investigated as those of the external ones. Especially, it has been hardly discussed which among the probable internal factors is the most influential to the water treeing phenomena until now. In this paper, the authors have investigated the contributions of individual factors influential to the electric field distribution in the tip of the water tree initiated from the outer surface of XLPE cable insulation considering its thermal degradation, using both the finite element method (FEM) and Taguchi design of experiment methodology (Taguchi method). The numerical and water treeing experiments show that the dielectric properties of the water tree and the XLPE host material are more influential to the enhancement of the electric field intensity in the tree tip than its geometrical parameters, and that the permittivity distribution inside the tree is the most influential factor among all of the internal factors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sigma-delta digital drive signals for switchmode power amplifiers

A novel all-digital approach to generate a pulse train to drive switch-mode power amplifiers is proposed. Sigma-delta (ΣΔ) techniques are used to shape time quantisation noise away from the band of interest. The proposed architecture promises greater than 10-dB improvement in adjacent channel power over an existing scheme. The key contribution is to quantise in the polar domain while performing the ΣΔ filtering in the Cartesian domain.
Good listening: A key element in establishing quality in qualitative research

What is “good” qualitative research? Considerable literature articulates criteria for quality in qualitative research. Common to all these criteria is the understanding that the data gathering process, often interviews, is central in assessing research quality. Studies have highlighted the preparation of the interview guide, appropriate ways to ask questions, and especially the interaction between interviewer and interviewee. To a lesser extent, qualitative scholars mention the importance of the interviewer’s listening abilities in obtaining the interviewee’s cooperation. Based on results of listening studies in the fields of psychology and organizational behavior, we argue that good listening is crucial for assessing the quality of qualitative research, yet remains a blind spot in qualitative data gathering. Drawing on our experience as qualitative researcher and listening researcher, we present practices for enhancing good listening in qualitative research, thereby enabling researchers to calibrate themselves as research instruments and obtain richer data.
Electromigration failures of UBM/bump systems of flip-chip packages

A flip-chip package is studied in a high temperature operation life test to evaluate the structural integrity of under bump metallurgy (UBM) and solder bumps. To understand the impact of current polarity on solder bumps, a reverse engineering methodology is employed to calculate bump resistance histories having different current directions and metal trace resistance between two adjacent bumps. It is concluded that the observed high resistance increase is from bumps with electrical current flowing upward into the UBM/bump interface (cathode), while bumps having opposite current polarity cause only a minor resistance change. The direction of electron flow affects the reaction rates of UBM and flip-chip solder, resulting in different failure modes and degradation rates. The effects of current density and operation temperature are also probed. It is observed that operation temperature has a more direct and significant influence than current density on bump failures owing to the low melting point characteristics of eutectic solder. Failed test vehicles are subjected to cross section analysis via SEM, the identified failure sites are from aforementioned high resistance bumps with structural damage at the region of UBM and UBM/bump interfaces.
Design and experimental control of an active–flexible tubular manipulator link

This article presents a study on a novel type of flexible links for robotic manipulators. These links incorporate adaptive materials in their construction, with the goal of controlling and attenuating vibrations that may occur during maneuvers due to high mechanical flexibility. The type of link under consideration has a tubular shape and incorporates piezoelectric actuators for simultaneous vibration control of bending and torsion modes. The design study addresses actuator placement and direction and is based on the directional properties of macro-fiber composite actuators. A vibration controller is also successfully designed and implemented. The experimental results validate the link and controller design and the directional actuation approach to vibration control of tubular structures.
The DigitalDesk Calculator: Tangible Manipulation on

Today's electronic desktop is quite separate from the physi- cal desk of the user. Electronic documents lack many useful properties of paper, and paper lacks useful properties of electronic documents. Instead of making the electronic desktop more like the physical desk, this work attempts the opposite: to give the physical desk electronic properties and merge the two desktops into one. This paper describes a desk with a computer-controlled camera and projector above it. The camera sees where the user is pointing, rmd it reads portions of documents that are placed on the desk. The projector displays feedback and electronic objects onto the desk surface. This DigitalDesk adds electronic features to physical paper, and it adds physical features to electronic documents. The system allows the user to interact with paper and electronic objects by touching them with a bare finger (digit). Instead of "direct" manipulation with a mouse, this is tangible manipulation with a finger. The Dig- italDesk Calculator is a prototype example of a simple application that can benefit from the interaction techniques enabled by this desktop. The paper begins by discussing the motivation behind this work, then describes the Digi - talDesk, tangible manipulation, and the calculator proto- type. It then discusses implementation details and ends with ideas for the future of tangible manipulation.
Formation of Ultramylonites in an Upper Mantle Shear Zone, Erro-Tobbio, Italy

Deformation in the upper mantle is localized in shear zones. In order to localize strain, weakening has to occur, which can be achieved by a reduction in grain size. In order for grains to remain small and preserve shear zones, phases have to mix. Phase mixing leads to dragging or pinning of grain boundaries which slows down or halts grain growth. Multiple phase mixing processes have been suggested to be important during shear zone evolution. The importance of a phase mixing process depends on the geodynamic setting. This study presents detailed microstructural analysis of spinel bearing shear zones from the Erro-Tobbio peridotite (Italy) that formed during pre-alpine rifting. The first stage of deformation occurred under melt-free conditions, during which clinopyroxene and olivine porphyroclasts dynamically recrystallized. With ongoing extension, silica-undersaturated melt percolated through the shear zones and reacted with the clinopyroxene neoblasts, forming olivine–clinopyroxene layers. Furthermore, the melt reacted with orthopyroxene porphyroclasts, forming fine-grained polymineralic layers (ultramylonites) adjacent to the porphyroclasts. Strain rates in these layers are estimated to be about an order of magnitude faster than within the olivine-rich matrix. This study demonstrates the importance of melt-rock reactions for grain size reduction, phase mixing and strain localization in these shear zones.
A six year trajectory toward better biliteracy: Results of a paired literacy program for emerging bilingual students

ABSTRACT This paper is the first to examine the longitudinal results of six years of implementation of Literacy Squared, a biliteracy model for Spanish/English speaking emerging bilingual students. This model includes paired literacy instruction with grade-specific time allocations for Spanish literacy and literacy-based ELD. Furthermore, cross-language connections are a vital component. This study uses descriptive statistics and correlations to analyze Spanish and English reading and English language proficiency data on a cohort of 58 emerging bilingual Latino students in four schools as they moved from kindergarten through fifth grade. Data show gains in students’ biliterate development. Findings have implications for bilingual instructional programs and support the research that providing students with literacy instruction in two languages allows students to develop their literacy skills simultaneously. In doing so, their literacy development is not hindered in either language, and they have the opportunity to obtain advanced levels of English proficiency.
Analysis and design of an adaptive minimum reasonable inventory control system

A Master Production Scheduling Decision Support System within a multi-product medical supplies market has the dual task of providing good customer service levels while maintaining minimum reasonable levels of finished goods stock in the face of considerable internal manufacturing lead time and customer demand uncertainty. This paper examines the critical design parameters within an adaptive model highlighting how the total system orders in the internal pipeline are utilized in the decision-making process for assessing how much to load the internal manufacturing pipeline. Two different methods for tracking manufacturing lead times within the adaptive loop are also considered. Classical control concepts are applied within the Decision Support System (DSS) to avoid any long-term drift in finished stocks. Finally scenario analysis is performed via simulation for a set of design parameters and a range of stimuli typical of company operating situations. An effective decision support system design in terms of ar.
Social media advertising as strategy on consumer buying behaviour: conceptual paper

Social media advertising has rapid speed of change in the every industry generated the need to create, adapt and integrate conversations that will allow bridging the gaps between the brand and consumers. The objective of this study is to investigate theoretical evidences of the concept of Social media advertising and its impact on consumer buying behaviour in order to develop customer relationships. This is done by communicating, engaging, entertaining and triggering response through social media content to ultimately stage and develop a customer experience which will make sure the development a long-term relationship and immersing the brand within the consumer’s lifestyle. Moreover the study has various properties of social media marketing in regards to media platforms.
Biocontrol potential of Pseudomonas stutzeri endophyte from Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) seed extract against pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani

Abstract Agricultural crops are susceptible to abiotic and biotic factors. Among biotic factors, plant pathogens attacks are prominent and significantly reduce the crop productivity and production. Long term application of synthetic pesticides in agriculture not only causes resistance development in pathogens but also deteriorates the soil quality and pollutes the ecosystem. In the current study, an investigation has been made with an objective to isolate an endophytic bacterium from Withania somnifera seed and evaluate its potential biocontrol activity against soil-borne pathogens like Fusarium oxysporum var. ciceri and Rhizoctonia solani. The molecular approach of bacterium identification using 16S rRNA sequencing methods includes kit based DNA extraction and PCR amplification and the isolated endophytic bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri. In dual culture assay, the endophytic bacterium P. stutzeri PSIISS-1 effectively suppressed growth of pathogenic fungi F. oxysporum var. ciceri (61.0%) and R. solani (53.3%), respectively. In vivo studies were conducted with initial microbial inoculum size of 108cell/ml and the studies revealed that the bacterium P. stutzeri PSIISS-1 co-inoculated with R. solani had significantly inhibited the sheath blight disease with the efficacy of 76% in susceptible paddy MTU-7029. Simultaneously, co-inoculation of P. stutzeri PSIISS-1 along with the pathogen F. oxysporum var. ciceri in chickpea JG-14 variety resulted in reduction of wilt symptom up to 80.45%. Bacterial inhibitions against the pathogens were corroborated with chitinase, protease and lipase enzymatic activities. Based on the results obtained from the study, P. stutzeri showed biocontrol activity against plant pathogens which can be used as potential bio-pesticides. Graphical Abstract