Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Case for a Linked Data Research Engine for Legal Scholars

This contribution explores the application of data science and artificial intelligence to legal research, more specifically an element that has not received much attention: the research infrastructure required to make such analysis possible. In recent years, EU law has become increasingly digitised and published in online databases such as EUR-Lex and HUDOC. However, the main barrier inhibiting legal scholars from analysing this information is lack of training in data analytics. Legal analytics software can mitigate this problem to an extent. However, current systems are dominated by the commercial sector. In addition, most systems focus on search of legal information but do not facilitate advanced visualisation and analytics. Finally, free to use systems that do provide such features are either too complex to use for general legal scholars, or are not rich enough in their analytics tools. In this paper, we motivate the case for building a software platform that addresses these limitations. Such software can provide a powerful platform for visualising and exploring connections and correlations in EU case law, helping to unravel the “DNA” behind EU legal systems. It will also serve to train researchers and students in schools and universities to analyse legal information using state-of-the-art methods in data science, without requiring technical proficiency in the underlying methods. We also suggest that the software should be powered by a data infrastructure and management paradigm following the seminal FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) principles.
Morphological study of placenta in hypertensive disorders in pregnancy

Introduction: Hypertensive disorders are common complications of pregnancy. Thorough macroscopic and microscopic examination of the placenta provides much insight into the prenatal health of the baby and the mother. Objectives: 1. To study the morphological changes in the placenta in pregnant mothers. 2. Comparative study of morphological changes in the placenta among hypertensive and normotensive pregnant mothers. Methods: An Observational Prospective Cohort Study was performed. Detail clinical history taken and placentae were collected from both 40 hypertensive and 40 normotensive mother's delivered in labour room or operation theatre. Both macroscopical and histopathological examination was done. Findings were recorded and analyzed statistically. Results: The comparison of placental diameter, placental thickness, mean placental weight, placental volume, placental surface area between hypertensive and normotensive group showed statistically significant difference (p value < 0.05). Incidence of placental haematoma, infarction, basement membrane thickening of villi and syncytial knot in hypertensive group was 20%, 27.5%, 50% and 92.5% & in normotensive group was 5%, 10%, 12 % and 60% respectively. All cases in hypertensive group had placental fibrinoid necrosis of villi in comparison to 57.5% cases in normotensive group (p < 0.05). For fibrosis of villi and cytotrophoblatic proliferation p value was < 0.05 which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Effects of hypertensive disorder in pregnancy reflect in gross and microscopic findings of placenta which may contribute to the further management of mother and baby.
EXAMINATION OF THE POSSIBILITY TO GROUPING SAVINGS FACTORS IN A MANY NUMBER OF DETERMINANTS ON THE EXECUTION OF ECONOMICS OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

The goal of each individual economy is to provide sufficient funds to finance economic growth. Countries in transition, moving beyond centralized market regulation to free markets, are trying to realize market capitalization. In the opinion of most economists such activities lead to dependence on external capital inflows, further causing the problem of direct overflow of external economic shocks into the domestic economy. The mentioned negative repercussions for the import of foreign capital can be overcome by using domestic sources of financing economic growth. One of the most significant domestic sources of capital mobilization is savings. Because of this significance of savings as a substitute for foreign expensive capital, especially for the transition economy, a large number of papers were written in which the authors addressed the analysis of factors affecting savings. These studies have been used with different methodologies, with or without the investigation of the routine effect of individual saving factors, to prove the direction and strength of the relation between observed phenomena. The authors have usually used the following variables in their models: deposit interest rate, financial markets development, stock market development, dependent population rate, expected life expectancy, urbanization rate, level of education, employment, public revenues and expenditures, public savings/ forms of social assistance, income, inflation, CPI changes, export and import prices, current account balance, trade balance. The aim of this study is to examine the possibility that a large number of variables used in savings models are grouped into a smaller number of determinants to ensure simplification of savings models that are particularly important for the transition economies. Therefore, in this paper, the economies of Bosnia and Herzegovina have been observed from the first quarter of 2000 to the fourth quarter of 2015. Savings in Bosnia and Herzegovina recorded continued growth in times of global financial crisis. Thus, retail deposits with commercial banks grew at a rate of 8-12% since the beginning of the recent financial crisis (since 2008). The total deposits of the population at the end of 2015 in Bosnia and Hercegovina amounted to 9,62 billion KM. The analysis includes the following variables: inflation, current account balance, ratio of export and import prices, unemployment rate, share of total number of unemployed women, interest rate, money supply - M2, number of banks, stock trading, market capitalization, share market activity coefficient , government revenues, government expenditures, fiscal balances, and external debt. Using the method of analysis of the main components, it was found that there is a possibility of grouping these variables into four factors that together account for 73.3% of variability of variables included in the model.
Return time statistic of wind power ramp events

Detection and forecasting of wind power ramp events is a critical issue for the management of power generated by wind turbine and a cluster of wind turbines. The wind power ramp events occur suddenly with larges changes (increases or decreases) of wind power output. In this work, the statistic and the dynamic of wind power ramp events are examined. For that, we analyze several datasets of wind power output with different sampling rate and duration. The data considered are delivered by five wind farms and two single turbines, located at different geographic locations. From these datasets, the return time series τr of wind power ramp events, i.e., the time between two successive ramps above a given threshold ∆p. The return time statistic is investigated plotting the complementary cumulative distribution C(τr) in log-log representation. Using a robust method developed by Clauset et al., combining maximum-likelihood fitting methods with goodness-of-fit tests based on the Kolmogorov Smirnov statistic, we show a scaling behavior of the return time statistic, of the form:
Population dynamics and reproductive traits of phytal gastropods in seagrass bed in Otsuchi Bay, north-eastern Japan

We studied the population dynamics and reproductive traits of two phytal gastropods, Lirularia iridescens and Hiloa tristis, inhabiting a seagrass bed consisting of two seagrass species, Zostera marina and Zostera caulescens, in Otsuchi Bay, north-eastern Japan. The main objectives of the study were to (1) determine seasonal and between-substrata variations in gastropod populations and (2) examine two major factors potentially responsible for the variations, namely space (seagrass) and food (epiphytes). The biomass of Z. marina reached a peak in summer and decreased through autumn, whereas the biomass of Z. caulescens showed little seasonal fluctuation. Epiphyte biomass was maximum in April and remained low from summer to winter on both seagrass substrata. The population densities of both gastropod species increased rapidly due to increases in their new recruits from May to July for L. iridescens, from June to October for H. tristis. Eggs of L. iridescens were found in almost all months of the study period, with a breeding peak in April, whereas oviposition of H. tristis occurred only from June to October. The new recruits of both gastropods grew rapidly, with their abundance decreasing from summer to autumn. The peak densities of new recruits of the two species coincide with that of seagrass biomass rather than epiphyte biomass, and the juveniles grew when the epiphyte biomass was fairly low. Hence, large postrecruitment declines in gastropods may be caused by food shortage. Egg density, size structure and growth rate of both gastropod species were not significantly different between seagrass substrata. Total abundance was not significantly different for L. iridescens. For H. tristis, however, abundance was lower on Z. caulescens than Z. marina during most of the year, mainly due to higher post-recruitment decline on the former. The ability of L. iridescens to breed continuously may enable them to successfully inhabit two seagrass species with different phenology, whereas the much shorter breeding season of H. tristis, which coincides with the periods of higher Z. marina biomass, may be more adaptive for inhabiting Z. marina than Z. caulescens.
Impact of Dugong grazing and turtle cropping on tropical seagrass communities

The impact of grazing by two megaherbivores, the Dugong Dugong dugon and the Green Turtle Chelonia mydas on the community structure of intertidal seagrasses was investigated experimentally over two time frames (shorterterm: 1? 4 months; longer-term: 10 and 13 months), at three levels of grazing intensity (leaf cropping, light grazing, intensive grazing), at two seagrass meadows in tropical Queensland, Australia: (1) a mixed species bed of Zostera capricorni, Halophila ovalis, Halodule uninervis, Cymodocea rotundata and Cymodocea serrulata, and (2) a monospecific bed of Halodule uninervis, From the perspective of the megaherbivores, grazing improved the structure and dynamics of the tropical seagrass communities by altering their biomass, volume of detritus, net aboveground biomass productivity and the species composition of the mixed-species bed, Recovery from grazing disturbance occurred after several months to a year.
Image Decolorization Combining Local Features and Exposure Features

Image decolorization is a task aiming to transform a color image to a grayscale one and is a dimension reduction process which inevitably suffers from information loss. The general goal of image decolorization is to preserve the color contrast of the color image. According to human visual study, exposure affects the human visual perception, and low-exposure areas or over-exposure areas will first attract the sense of sight. In addition, exposure also affects the contrast of the image, the contrast of low-exposure areas and over-exposure areas often cannot be well shown. Thus, the exposure should be taken into account in the process of image decolorization. Traditional local methods are not accurate enough to process local pixel blocks which may tend to cause local artifacts, while traditional global methods cannot greatly deal with local color blocks, which are usually time consuming too. Besides, the traditional image decolorization method usually uses the low-level features of an image. In this paper, the convolutional neural network is used to learn high-level abstract features of the image. We design a new convolutional neural-network framework with a local feature network and a rough classifier, which can learn the local semantic features and distinguish the different exposure conditions of color images. It is possible to learn the mapping model between input–output image pairs, which can generate better results in terms of color contrast preservation and exposure adjustment. Experiments indicate that our method does better in terms of color contrast preservation and exposure adjustment than the state of the art.
How Durable is Root Knot Nematode Resistance in Tomato

Among the plant parasitic nematodes, root knot nematode (RKN) is the most devastating in tomato growing regions. Controlling RKN mostly relies on nematicides. Since chemical application is limited due to adverse environmental effect, alternative approaches are required. Although there are some alternatives, but resistance cultivars are getting popularity in the farmer’s field because of simplicity, cost-effective and environment safety. Genes conferring resistance to RKN have already been identified followed by the introgression into elite cultivars. Currently, natural resistance genes ( R genes) are used in conventional breeding programmes. Simultaneously, molecular research is going on to characterize and map the linked markers for the detected resistant phenotypes. Currently, it is a prominent threat to maintain the durability of existing R genes. However, durability of host resistance govern by co-evolution of resistance genes from plants and (a)virulence genes from nematodes. So, understanding the mechanisms underlying co-evolution is essential for the durability of R genes. Here we review the existing potential natural resistance in tomato against RKN, currently used resistance mechanisms between RKN and tomato, influential factors of durability of natural resistance genes and opportunity to get more durable resistance in tomato.
Physical and Chemical Effects of Different Working Gases in Coffee Brewing: A Case Study of Caffè Firenze

(1) Background: Recently, a new espresso extraction method, Caffè Firenze, has been developed, which uses gas at operating pressures of 20 bar to obtain abundant, persistent foam. The experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of using six gases (air, argon, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon/nitrogen mix, and nitrous oxide) on the foam and liquid coffee. (2) Methods: Foam volume, persistence, sugar retention time, color, and rheological properties were measured. Volatile organic compounds were also evaluated. Analyses were also carried out on the liquid coffee to determine caffeine and chlorogenic acid concentrations. (3) Results: The analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the gases for all parameters. Multivariate analysis identified three groups of gases: the first comprised air, N2, and Ar; the second CO2 and N2O; and the third comprised samples extracted with CO2/N2 mix. (4) Conclusions: The choice of gas significantly influences the drink’s chemical-physical characteristics and is fundamental for product diversification.
Different Morphotypes of Fusarium oxysporum Isolated from Xanthosoma sagittifolium L. Schott Roots: Action of Ethanol Leaf Extracts of Psidium guajava on their in Vitro Inhibition and on X. Sagittifolium Plants Inoculated with F. oxysporum

The objective of this study was to determine the different morphotypes of Fusarium oxysporum present in the root of Xanthosoma sagittifolium and evaluate the effect of alcoholic extracts of Psidium guajava on their in vitro inhibition. Strains of Fusarium oxysporum were collected in eight localities where X. sagittifolium is grown. Fusarium strains isolated from roots of X. sagittifolium harvested in each locality were grown on PDA medium. The antifungal test was evaluated using ethanol extracts from P. guajava leaves at 30 and 60%. The virulence test of each strain on young Original Research Article Djeuani et al.; IJPR, 5(4): 25-41, 2020; Article no.IJPR. 62191 26 plants of X. sagittifolium aged three months were realized. Eight strain of Fusarium oxysporum were successfully isolated. After maximum growth, five morphological types were observed (pionnotal, sclerotic, clowny, cottony and ras senescent). The cottony strain was abundant and present in all the locality. Histological analysis of the different strains obtained revealed the presence of septate or siphoned hyphae and three types of conidia (microconidia, macroconidia and sporangiospores or chlamidospores). The inhibition tests were very high with 60% of ethanol extract of P. guajava, and 83.33% of inhibitory effect were observed after eight days of growth, in the strains collected in X. sagittifolium roots, in L3 (Loum) and L4 (Bangoua) localities. After infection of X. sagittifolium plants with each strain of F. oxysporum isolated, symptoms observed were yellowing and wilting of leaves. However, plants inoculated with the L3 (Loum) strain showed both yellowing and wilting of leaves. The application of ethanol extracts from P. guajava leaves reduced the severity of the disease in the inoculated plants after 14 days. These results obtained showed that F. oxysporum is not only saprophytic fungi, it’s also able to induce yellowing and wilting of leaves in X. sagittifolium.
Mutation Rate Variations in the Human Genome are Encoded in DNA Shape

Single nucleotide mutation rates have critical implications for human evolution and genetic diseases. Accurate modeling of these mutation rates has long remained an open problem since the rates vary substantially across the human genome. A recent model, however, explained much of the variation by considering higher order nucleotide interactions in the local (7-mer) sequence context around mutated nucleotides. Despite this model’s predictive value, we still lack a biophysically-grounded understanding of genome-wide mutation rate variations. DNA shape features are geometric measurements of DNA structural properties, such as helical twist and tilt, and are known to capture information on interactions between neighboring nucleotides within a local context. Motivated by this characteristic of DNA shape features, we used them to model mutation rates in the human genome. The DNA shape feature based models show up to 15% higher accuracy than the current nucleotide sequence-based models and pinpoint DNA structural properties predictive of mutation rates in the human genome. Further analyzing the mutation rates of individual positions of transcription factor (TF) binding sites in the human genome, we found a strong association between DNA shape and the position-specific mutation rates. The trend holds for hundreds of TFs and is even stronger in evolutionarily conserved regions. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt that demonstrates the structural underpinnings of nucleotide mutations in the human genome and lays the groundwork for future studies to incorporate DNA shape information in modeling genetic variations.
SIZE EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES: LIMITS, PERSPECTIVES AND PROSPECTIVES

The fractionation range of chromatographic media used in size exclusion chromatography (SEC) depends strongly on the kind of substances eluted. Although the fractionation range reported by the manufacturer for globular proteins on Sephadex G-200 is 5000 to 250,000 daltons and that for dextrans 1000 to 150,000 daltons, phenolcarboxylic acids (pH = 8, 0.1 mmol/L NaOH) are eluted much earlier than would be predicted based on their molecular weight (MW). The actual MWs for this group of compounds ranges from 200 to 500 daltons, whereas their MWs determined by SEC calibrated with proteins is much higher (7200-180,000 daltons). Ion exclusion, which is the basis for this behavior, originates from residual ionized groups and limits the possibility of applying SEC to the study of conformational changes of humic substances (HS). A correct selection of experimental conditions enables the use of SEC for various applications such as the study of metal-binding equilibria and fractionation according to molecular size. To determine the MW distribution of HS, columns should be calibrated with standard humic and fulvic acids with known MWs determined by colligative properties such as vapor pressure osmometry. It should be noted, however, that SEC studies on fractions of HS originating from various soils, result in a series of significantly differing calibration curves. The linearity of the relationship between the distribution coefficient (K av ) values and the logarithm of the MWs implies the constancy of partial specific volumes. It also suggests that HS extracted from the same soil constitute a homologous series in which the structure of the larger components is formed by the repetition of structurally similar units and is, therefore, more regular than previously believed. The experimental results obtained by SEC also suggest that in regard to the sensitivity of the technique, charge density differences are small within a certain series compared with size differences.
One-carbon and hydrogen metabolism of acidophilic verrucomicrobial methanotrophs

One-carbon and hydrogen metabolism of acidophilic verrucomicrobial methanotrophs Methane (CH4) is an essential molecule in the earth’s atmosphere and also very important for households and industry. Atmospheric methane contributes directly to the greenhouse effect. Global warming is a worldwide concern and therefore understanding sources and sinks of methane is important for future models of climate change on our planet. One important sink of methane is microbial methane oxidation which drastically decreases the amount of methane escaping to the atmosphere. Recently, a new methane oxidizing bacterium, Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum SolV, was discovered in volcanic regions at the Solfatara at Pozzuoli near Naples (Italy). The aim of this research was to elucidate how M. fumariolicum SolV is able to grow and survive under the extreme conditions of its natural habitat. We showed that strain SolV is able to grow on hydrogen/carbon dioxide, without the addition of methane under low oxygen concentrations. Furthermore, we demonstrted that strain SolV is able to oxidize ammonium (NH4+), methanethiol (CH3SH), sulfide (H2S) and higher alkanes (ethane and propane). Methaan (CH4) is een essentieel molecuul in de atmosfeer van de aarde en ook heel belangrijk voor huishoudens en de industrie. Methaan in de atmosfeer draagt bij aan het broeikaseffect. Opwarming van de aarde is een wereldwijde zorg en daarom is het begrijpen van de bronnen en putten van methaan belangrijk voor de toekomstige modellen diede klimaatverandering op onze planeet voorspellen. Microbiele methaanoxidatie (uitgevoerd door methanotrofe bacterien) speelt in veel ecosystemen een belangrijke rol bij het verminderen van de hoeveelheid methaan die ontsnapt naar de atmosfeer. In 2007, Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum stam SolV, een nieuw methaan oxiderende bacterie, was geisoleerd uit een modderpoel in de Solfatara vulkaan (Napels, Italie). Dit proefschrift richt zich voornamelijk op de biochemie en fysiologie van de verrucomicrobiele aerobe methanotroof, Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum stam SolV. Wij aangetoond dat stam SolV onder lage zuurstofconcentraties kan groeien als een echte 'Knallgas' bacterie op een mengsel van waterstof, zuurstof en kooldioxide , zonder toevoeging van methaan. Bovendien ammonium (NH4+), methaanthiol (CH3SH), waterstofsulfide (H2S) en de hogere alkanen (ethaan, propaan) consumptie door M. fumariolicum stam SolV werd aangetoondmet.