Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Competitiveness of Rural Enterprises Run by Millennials in Antioquia

Business competitiveness is defined as a company's capacity to participate in the market with an competitive advantage. It can be analyzed using different approaches such as the Resource-Based View (RBV) and measured from a multidimensional perspective. This paper aims to examine the competitiveness of rural enterprises run by a millennial population consisting of undergraduate students and graduates from different faculties of agricultural sciences in Antioquia (Colombia). A total of 1242 emails were sent asking to fill out an online questionnaire, and 432 people responded (34.78 %), with 11.91 % already having a business in operation (148 enterprises). Once the competitiveness index was calculated, a multidimensional statistical analysis was performed to identify differences between regions, economic sectors, status (formal or informal), number of employees, and age of the company. According to the results, service companies in rural areas, enterprises registered at the chamber of commerce, and those with a higher number of employees and longer time in the market exhibit a better competitiveness index. The main limitations, however, are observed in the competitive strategy and marketing components. Since the competitiveness index can have a maximum value of 10, values in the range of 5.68 to 6.79 indicate a medium level of competitiveness and, therefore, imply that the other components of the competitiveness index must be improved to achieve higher levels of competitiveness.
Effects of Perceived Benefit on Vitamin D Supplementation Intention: A Theory of Planned Behaviour Perspective

There are many factors that affect vitamin D supplementation, including those from the theory of planned behaviour (TPB); however, how the perceived benefit acts in the model remains unknown. In the current study, we tested the efficacy of the TPB and the impacts of the perceived benefit (PBE) in the model. The subjects were 287 customers who purchased vitD from pharmacies in major cities in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), regression analyses, and path analysis via SPSS and AMOS were used to analyse the data. The original TPB model explained 47.5% of the variance of intention with the three variables of attitude (β = 0.261), perceived behavioural control (β = 0.183), and subjective norms (β = 0.169). The model that incorporated PBE increased the explained variance to 59.7%, and PBE became the strongest predictor (β = 0.310) and a significant mediator linking attitude, subjective norms, perceived control (ANC) with supplementation intention. PBE and attitude were the two most important variables in predicting vitD supplementation intention. We suggest that updated information regarding dietary sources of vitD and its benefits should be included in health- or nutrition-related courses in education programs for the overall health of the nation.
AN ASSESSMENT OF AUTONOMY AND FREEDOM IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES

This is an assessment of Autonomy and Freedom in managing Nigerian Universities. The study was based on organization theory, which emphasizes that every organization has some level of autonomy and freedom to handle its affairs. The primary data collected through the use of the questionnaire method and standard interview method were analyzed using frequencies and chi-square. The research found that proponents of autonomy are of the view that the call for the government to relinquish autonomy to universities recognize that the right to autonomy is not absolute, but rather conditional on the government's obligation for greater university funding in particular and for determining the goals and broad outlines of higher education in Nigeria in general. The study also discovered that university autonomy craves the indulgence of government to reposition its university agencies to better fulfil their responsibilities by way of assisting to provide adequate funding, well-articulated policies, plans and machinery that would ensure the attainment of university goals and objectives with minimal interference. However, the government must revisit the same law to fully capture financial autonomy, allowing universities to generate funds through a reasonable costsharing approach while the government maintains its legitimate role of adequately funding universities to train and retain quality manpower for the country's overall economic and social development.
Mass transfer models for the adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and atrazine herbicides from agricultural wastewaters

Abstract This work studied the adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and atrazine from agricultural wastewaters using activated carbon (AC). The main focus was applying the external mass transfer model (EMTM) and the pore volume and surface diffusion model (PVSDM) to predict the kinetic curves. Under predefined operating conditions of 25 mg/L, 298 K, and 150 rpm, the optimal adsorbent dosage was found as 1 g/L, and the removal percentage of 2,4-D and atrazine were 82% and 95%, respectively. The equilibrium data of 2,4-D and atrazine were accurately fitted by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, respectively. The thermodynamics parameters suggested that the adsorption was favorable, exothermic, and enthalpy-controlled. The external mass transfer was the rate-limiting mechanism in the adsorption of atrazine on AC (Bi < 0.1), while both external mass transfer and surface diffusion simultaneously controlled the adsorption of 2,4-D on AC (Bi: 3.82–4.52). The applicability of AC for treating agricultural wastewater showed a satisfactory efficiency, reaching 83% and 84% removal of 2,4-D and atrazine, respectively.
A Study on Key Technologies of Vehicle Active Collision Avoidance System Based on VII Technology

In view of the defects of traditional active collision avoidance system: long delay in identifying front vehicle and neglecting the influences of road conditions on braking effectiveness,an active collision avoidance system based on vehicle-infrastructure integration(VII) technology is proposed.A media access control protocol of V2V random topology short-range wireless communication suitable for road traffic is designed,and a vehicle following critical distance model is created based on road adhesion coefficient matrix with dynamic braking deceleration as its key parameter.The results of simulation show that the proposed active collision avoidance system has strong adaptability and robustness with swift response.
Methodology for calculating the severity index of buildings

Abstract In the context of the existing buildings, in recent years the concept of maintenance has changed from corrective maintenance to preventive maintenance, which is based in part on periodic inspections. There is ample evidence that preventive maintenance is more efficient than corrective maintenance, since severe deteriorations that may represent danger to people are avoided, and also money is saved. To make periodic inspections of the buildings is useful to quantify the extent to which deteriorations are severe or not, in order to facilitate decision making and prioritise therapeutic interventions. To this purpose, many scales have been used and are used to assess the degree of severity of the deteriorations in constructive elements. But it is important to say that there is no common consensus and these scales are different between them according to the study to which they belong. Thus, the main goal of this article is to propose a methodology for calculating the degree of severity of damages in buildings, which is of widespread use. This calculation method, based on one hand in a distribution of values and on the other hand in a single value (scalar), lets to calculate the severity index of systems and of the entire building, and it is easy to use and flexible.
A Decision Framework to Recommend Cruising Locations for Taxi Drivers under the Constraint of Booking Information

As the demand for taxi reservation services has increased, increasing the income of taxi drivers with advanced services has attracted attention. In this article, we propose a path decision framework that considers real-time spatial-temporal predictions and traffic network information. The goal is to optimize a taxi driver's profit when considering a reservation. Our framework contains four components. First, we build a grid-based road network graph for modeling traffic network information for speeding up the search process. Next, we conduct two prediction modules that adopt advanced deep learning techniques to guide proper search directions for recommending cruising locations. One module of the taxi demand prediction is used to estimate the pick-up probabilities of passengers in the city. Another one is destination prediction, which can predict the distribution of drop-off probabilities and capture the flow of potential passengers. Finally, we propose the H* (Heuristic-star) algorithm, which jointly considers pick-up probabilities, drop-off distribution, road network, distance, and time factors based on the attentive heuristic function to dynamically recommend next cruising locations. Compared with existing route planning methods, the experimental results on a real-world dataset have shown that our proposed approach is more effective and robust. Moreover, our designed search scheme in H* can decrease the computing time and allow the search process to be more efficient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that focuses on guiding a route, which can increase the income of taxi drivers under the constraint of booking information.
Simulation Calculation and Analysis of Lightning Induced Overvoltage on Power Distribution Lines

In order to study the development of lightning induced overvoltage,we proposed a calculation method and relative simulation parameters of lightning induced overvoltage on power distribution lines,in which the Heidler lightning current model,MTLE lightning channel models,Cooray-Rubinstein electromagnetic field model,and Agrawal field-line coupling model were adopted.Moreover,a numerical simulation program of lightning induced overvoltage was developed based on the proposed method.The calculation results by the proposed method were close to the experimental data,and the error was less than 10%. Moreover,the accuracy of the program was verified by comparison between its computing results and the practical experimental results.According to the calculations,leader progress will cause electrostatic induction on lines before lightning reaches a line and will significantly change the waveform of overvoltage on the line,while corona effects can be ignored in the calculation.The proposed program takes into consideration the influence of leader progress and non-ideal ground on the calculation of induced overvoltage,and it calculates the electromagnetic field and the transient propagation progress synchronously.
The Application Research of Augmented Reality in Residential Area Planning

Augmented reality is a vital branch of virtual reality and has been used in so many fields such as commerce and education.A novel system is proposed to validate the feasibility of using AR in residential area planning.This system can meet the requirements of interactive characteristics of reality-virtual and human-computer in design process.The paper presents the computer vision based registration method in detail and gives out the final results of the system running.
Assessing Computational Thinking: Development and Validation of the Algorithmic Thinking Test for Adults

This study describes the development and validation process of a computational thinking (CT) test for adults. The team designed a set of items and explored a subset of those through two qualitative pilots. Then, in order to provide validity evidence based on the test content, a team of 11 subject-matter experts coded the initial pool of items using two different systems of categories based on CT components and contents. Next, the items were piloted on a sample of 289 participants, 137 experts in CT, and 152 novices. After a series of confirmatory factor analyses, a unidimensional model that represents algorithmic thinking was adopted. Further analyzing the psychometric quality of the 27 items, 20 of them with excellent reliability indices were selected for the test. Thus, this study provides a tool to evaluate adults’ CT: the Algorithmic Thinking Test for Adults (ATTA), which was developed according to psychometric standards. This article also reflects on the nature of CT as a construct.
Measuring Sustainable Intensification Using Satellite Remote Sensing Data

Farm-level sustainable intensification metrics are needed to evaluate farm performance and support policy-making processes aimed at enhancing sustainable production. Farm-level sustainable intensification metrics require environmental impacts associated with agricultural production to be accounted for. However, it is common that such indicators are not available. We show how satellite-based remote sensing information can be used in combination with farm efficiency analysis to obtain a sustainable intensification (SI) indicator, which can serve as a sustainability benchmarking tool for farmers and policy makers. We obtained an SI indicator for 114 maize farms in Yangxin County, located in the Shandong Province in China, by combining information on maize output and inputs with satellite information on the leaf area index (from which a nitrogen environmental damage indicator is derived) into a farm technical efficiency analysis using a stochastic frontier approach. We compare farm-level efficiency scores between models that incorporate environmental damage indicators based on satellite-based remote sensing information and models that do not account for environmental impact. The results demonstrate that (a) satellite-based information can be used to account for environmental impacts associated with agriculture production and (b) how the environmental impact metrics derived from satellite-based information combined with farm efficiency analysis can be used to obtain a farm-level sustainable intensification indicator. The approach can be used to obtain tools for farmers and policy makers aiming at improving SI.
Positioning resilience science more centrally in affirming LGBTIQA+ persons and communities

Historically, in psychology, there was a tendency towards focusing on the individual and intrapsychic pathologisation of LGBTIQA+ persons. Despite a recent shift to affirmative, systemic, interpersonal, and contextual stances, too much emphasis in South African LGBTIQA+ scholarly work remains on adversity. Adversity derived from historical tensions may have accelerated adaptive problem-solving capabilities and solution-focused behaviours in some LGBTIQA+ populations. Certain solutions have generated creative resilience responses inexorably situated in race, ethnicity, culture, religion, gender, history, political oppression, and social class. Resilience science that has similarly evolved from the individual trait conceptualisation may have an important complementary contribution to make in affirming LGBTIQA+ persons and communities and enhancing the understanding of their resilience. Exploring resilience for wellbeing and survival addresses the infinite streams of human experiences of vulnerability and sustainable adaptive solutions. The multisystemic resilience perspective in this article endeavours to summarise current thinking in resilience science and position its applicability to future South African LGBTIQA+ scholarly work, building on existing systematic and critical reviews relating to the resilience of LGBTIQA+ persons. The aim of this position piece, suggesting the expansion of a ‘resilience’ frame, is to offer an important intervention in the overarching ways in which South African scholars and psychology professionals theorise and conduct research; to inform therapeutic and other psychological services to LGBTIQA+ persons and provide an important counterweight to the more general focus in South African LGBTIQA+ scholarship and psychological practice on adversity.
Cleaning and Disinfection Protocols for Clear Orthodontic Aligners: A Systematic Review

(1) Background: Clear orthodontic aligners support the development of oral biofilms, which could lead to interferences with the oral microbiota already existing and the deterioration of oral health, with the development of dental caries, periodontal disease and even systemic infections. Therefore, preventive oral health care requires a cleaning and disinfection procedure for aligners. (2) Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted across four databases following the PRISMA guidelines up to May 2021, combining an electronic and a manual search. Prospective studies, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), crossover studies (COSs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs), published in the English language without time restrictions, evaluating the efficacy of cleaning and disinfection protocols for clear orthodontic aligners by comparing them with a placebo or a negative control, were included. The article selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed by two independent blinded review authors. In case of disagreement, a third author was solicited throughout the selection process. (3) Results: Among the 221 articles screened in the search process, 4 studies were included in the review, all designed as crossover studies (single arm without randomization with the same sequence of different cleaning and disinfection protocols for each participant). Different cleaning and disinfection methods were studied such as mechanical methods (brushing with toothpaste or vibration), chemical methods/pharmaceutical products (chlorhexidine antibacterial substance, anionic or cationic detergents or effervescent tablets) or combinations of both. (4) Conclusion: Although the determination of the most remarkable method of cleaning and disinfection was impossible because no direct comparison was conducted between all these methods, a multi-step protocol, including the combination of a mechanical and a chemical method, seems to be the most effective approach. Further research is needed to define the most preventive oral health care protocol. Registration: PROSPERO CRD 42021278498.
North Korea’s Cyber Capabilities and Their Implications for International Security

North Korea’s economic and technological backwardness does not seem to allow Pyongyang to possess proficient cyberwarfare capabilities. Yet, North Korea’s cyber offensive capabilities are a major security threat in a new convergence space called the cyber–physical space (CPS) that connects the real world and the virtual world. How has North Korea become a formidable actor in the CPS, despite economic and technological disadvantages? Put differently, what makes North Korea a global cyber power despite its disconnect from international society? What are North Korea’s motivations behind strengthening its cyber capabilities in recent decades and what implications do these hold for international security? The primary objective of this article is to examine North Korea’s motivations for strengthening its cyber capabilities and analyze their implications for the sustainability of stability and peace on the Korean peninsula and beyond. By investigating the exemplary cases of North Korea’s recent cyberattacks, it seeks to explore the effective ways to manage the risks that North Korea’s enhanced cyber proficiencies pose in the current and future CPS.
Relación entre la resistencia a antibióticos y la producción de biofilm de aislados de Staphylococcus aureus provenientes de mastitis bovina

El objetivo fue analizar la relación entre el perfil de resistencia a antibióticos y la formación de biofilm de aislados de S. aureus provenientes de mastitis bovina. Se analizaron 30 aislados de S. aureus procedentes de casos de mastitis subclínica en granjas lecheras en sistemas de producción semi-intensivo y de traspatio ubicadas en los estados de Guanajuato y Michoacán, México. Se realizó un antibiograma por el método de difusión en disco Kirbi Bauer. La formación de biofilm se determinó por el método de tinción con cristal violeta. Para la evaluación de genes de resistencia a antibióticos y de formación de biofilm se obtuvo ADN genómico de una colonia para la identificación de los genes: blaZ, mecA, tetK, tetM, gyrA y gyrB, y icaA e icaD. Los resultados mostraron que el 100 % de los aislados fueron resistentes a penicilina y dicloxacilina, seguidos por cefotaxima (86.6 %), ampicilina y cefalotina (83.3 %) y ceftazidima (80.0 %), mientras que se observó un 36.6 % de resistencia a oxacilina. Se identificó que todos los aislados de S. aureus presentaron la capacidad de formar biofilm con un rango del 20 a 98 %. Se observó además que los aislados con una multirresistencia elevada presentaron una mayor formación de biofilm; estableciéndose una correlación positiva significativa. En conclusión, los aislados de S. aureus provenientes de mastitis bovina presentaron elevados niveles de resistencia a antibióticos; así como una importante capacidad formadora de biofilm, demostrando la existencia de una correlación positiva entre estos dos factores.
RADIOCARBON IN DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON BY UV OXIDATION: AN UPDATE OF PROCEDURES AND BLANK CHARACTERIZATION AT NOSAMS

ABSTRACT This note describes improvements of UV oxidation method that is used to measure carbon isotopes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility (NOSAMS). The procedural blank is reduced to 2.6 ± 0.6 μg C, with Fm of 0.42 ± 0.10 and δ13C of –28.43 ± 1.19‰. The throughput is improved from one sample per day to two samples per day.
Saudi Women Take the Wheel: A Content Analysis of How Saudi Arabian Car Companies Reached Women on Social Media

Abstract Using a mixed-methods approach, this study explored how automobile companies in Saudi Arabia used Twitter to market to women after the Saudi Arabian government lifted its ban on women driving. All tweets from auto companies posted between September 26, 2017, and June 30, 2018, were examined. While a total of 11,028 tweets were targeted toward Saudi citizens during this historic period, only 184 tweets (less than 2 percent of the total sample) were found to be targeted toward women. The study further examined these 184 tweets and the 92 advertisements embedded in them using both quantitative and qualitative methodology. Using the lens of social learning theory, results suggest that auto companies were supportive of women and presented them as more independent and authoritative than has historically been considered typical for Saudi Arabia. This study offers some practical implications for professionals in the advertising industry.