Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

The development of nanotechnology has provided an opportunity to integrate a wide range of phenomena and disciplines from the atomic scale, the molecular scale, and the nanoscale into materials. Nanoarchitectonics as a post-nanotechnology concept is a methodology for developing functional material systems using units such as atoms, molecules, and nanomaterials. Especially, molecular nanoarchitectonics has been strongly promoted recently by incorporating nanotechnological methods into organic synthesis. Examples of research that have attracted attention include the direct observation of organic synthesis processes at the molecular level with high resolution, and the control of organic syntheses with probe microscope tips. These can also be considered as starting points for nanoarchitectonics. In this review, these examples of molecular nanoarchitectonics are introduced, and future prospects of nanoarchitectonics are discussed. The fusion of basic science and the application of practical functional materials will complete materials chemistry for everything.
Orientation of liquid crystal molecules in polydimethylsiloxane micro-channels

ABSTRACT The orientation of liquid crystal (LC) molecules confined in polydimethylsiloxane micro-channels, which are produced using mould-replica technique, with a rectangular cross section, is studied. The rod-like molecules of the LC adopt the vertical anchoring at every surface of the channels. The macroscopic alignment of the confined LC can be changed by altering the aspect ratio of the channels. The change in the macroscopic alignment of the LC is attributed directly to the restructuring of the proportion of the number of molecules anchored to the respective surfaces due to the changes in specific area of the bounding surface of the channels. Solutions for the elastic energy function obtained using conformal mapping method were used to predict director profile of the LC in the confinement. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
LYAPUNOV-BASED RANGE AND MOTION IDENTIFICATION FOR AFFINE AND NON-AFFINE 3D VISION SYSTEMS

of Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science LYAPUNOV-BASED RANGE AND MOTION IDENTIFICATION FOR AFFINE AND NON-AFFINE 3D VISION SYSTEMS By Sumit Gupta May 2006 Chair: Dr. Warren E. Dixon Major Department: Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Many applications require interpreting Euclidean motion of features of a 3-dimensional (3D) object through 2D images. We examined determination of the Euclidean coordinates of the features of a 3D object undergoing general affine motion for a central paracatadioptric imaging system. The nonlinear estimator we examined asymptotically determines the Euclidean motion and range information from a single camera, provided that some observability conditions are satisfied, and that the Euclidean motion parameters are known. I proposed techniques which were developed through a Lyapunov-based design and stability analysis. Simulation results show the performance of the state estimator. However, unlike image systems based on a planar image surface (or spherical or ellipsoidal surfaces), the dynamic system resulting from projecting a general 3D imaging surface is not guaranteed to maintain an affine form. Because of the nonaffine form, existing range-identification observers cannot be directly used. Therefore we developed a nonlinear state estimator that can be applied to a nonaffine vision system to determine the range and Euclidean coordinates of an object feature without using linear methods.
Model Predictive Control for Automatic Transmission Upshift Inertia Phase

This article deals with model predictive control (MPC) design for automatic transmission (AT) upshift inertia phase, which aims to optimally coordinate the actions of oncoming (ONC) and off-going (OFG) clutches and engine and to facilitate calibration. The designed MPC strategy accounts for clutch actuation dynamics and constraints, while setting the tradeoff between three key and conflicting shift quality criteria: comfort; duration; and efficiency. The shift comfort and duration are ensured by minimizing output shaft torque and ONC clutch slip speed tracking errors, and the shift efficiency is reflected in clutch energy loss minimization on a prediction horizon. This allows for the calibration of the MPC performance through setting the inertia phase duration, the output shaft torque reference, cost function weighting coefficients, and constraints, rather than optimizing the shift control profiles themselves. The MPC problem is formulated as a constrained quadratic programming problem and efficiently solved online by an interior-point solver. The proposed MPC strategy is applicable to other transmissions with multiple actuators, such as parallel hybrid transmissions. The MPC system is examined through nonlinear powertrain model simulations for one to three shift and its performance is compared with an offline, multiobjective optimization-based control strategy. The MPC design flexibility and ease of calibration are demonstrated for different shift comfort and duration targets, as well as cost function tuning, and robustness with respect to clutch actuation parameter uncertainties is examined.
A novel method for determining the mean-field directly from the single particle matter density

We present a novel method, using the single particle Schrodinger equation, to determine the central potential directly from the single particle matter density and its first and second derivatives. As an example, we consider the experimental data for the charge density difference between the isotones 206Pb - 205Tl that corresponds to the shell model 3s1/2 proton orbit, and determine the corresponding single particle potential (mean-field). We also present results of least-square fits to parametrized single particle potentials.
Observations of Gamma‐Ray Bursts of Cosmic Origin

Sixteen short bursts of photons in the energy range 0.2–1.5 MeV have been observed between 1969 July and 1972 July using widely separated spacecraft. Burst durations ranged from less than 0.1 s to ∼30 s, and time‐integrated flux densities from ∼10−5 ergs cm−2 to ∼2 × 10−4 ergs cm−2 in the energy range given. Significant time structure within bursts was observed. Directional information eliminates the Earth and Sun as sources.
Numerical Model for Eddy-Current Loss of Wound Core in Single-Phase Transformer

Taking the wound core transformer widely used in the field of traction energy saving as the research object and considering its unique geometric structure, combined with the magnetic circuit theory and finite element calculation of Ansys Maxwell software, the phenomenon of the magnetic flux distortion of the wound core is revealed, and the influence degree of various factors is analyzed; based on the Maxwell equation system of the magnetic quasi-static field, the calculation model of the magnetic flux distortion considering joints is deduced, and then, the numerical calculation model of the eddy-current loss of the wound core considering the magnetic flux distortion is presented, which is verified by no-load tests and can reflect the change of the eddy-current loss caused by the geometry of the core with different frequencies and magnetic flux densities, and it can be applied to large-capacity traction transformer with calculation error less than 3%. The numerical model can quickly calculate the eddy-current loss by core structure parameters and material properties without sample preparation and simulation in design stage, which greatly saves engineering cost and can be used for structural design and optimization of the wound core.
An allele-specific PCR assay for detection of mutations that confer benzimidazole resistance and zoxamide sensitivity in Phyllosticta citricarpa

Phyllosticta citricarpa is the causative agent of citrus black spot (CBS), a cosmetic fungal disease that has been reported in most of the citrus-growing regions of the world. The occurrence of CBS in orchards is predominantly controlled by the application of fungicides during the fruit susceptibility period. Benzimidazoles (benomyl and carbendazim) and toluamides (ethaboxam and zoxamide) are two systemic fungicide classes suitable for the control of CBS in South Africa. Both inhibit proper assembly of the fungal β-tubulin protein during mitosis, and resistance to these fungicides is primarily related to alterations in the binding sites on this target protein. In this study, P. citricarpa isolates with known resistance status were subjected to whole genome sequencing, the mutations conferring resistance to benomyl and zoxamide were examined and allele-specific primers targeting these mutations were developed. The allele-specific multiplex PCR assay for the detection of benomyl resistance in P. citricarpa will eliminate the need for laborious and time-consuming sensitivity assays or DNA sequencing.
Optimal EKHO-IMC-PID controller design and LFC based on adaptive integral k-means control approach for LSPS

The optimum EKHO-IMC-PID controller and reduction using EKHO (Enthalpy-based Krill Herd optimization) for LFC of large-scale power systems are developed in this research using the model approximation method. Aiming to reduce the performance parameter known as Integral Square Error (ISE) between their step responses results in the creation of the ideal Reduced Order Model (ROM) for the understudied large-scale power system. A Lyapunov stability theory-created effective linear matrix inequality protects the integrity of entire power systems. Later, the LFC design is implemented rather than the high-scale power system module using an optimised ROM. The innovative EKHO -IMC- PID controller architecture improves power system performance by providing adequate reference input tracking performance, resilience in disturbance rejection, and better reference input tracking performance, the unique EKHO-IMC- PID controller architecture enhances the dynamic stability of the power system. The simulation findings unmistakably demonstrate a significant improvement in LFC responsiveness during load disturbances and uncertainty when compared to some other prior studies.
INVERSE NEURO-FUZZY MODEL BASED CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR A PH NEUTRALIZATION PROCESS

Since pH neutralization processes have extremely nonlinear characteristics, controlling it might be difficult. Therefore, a special controller design is needed to handle the high nonlinearities of the process. In this study, an inverse neuro-fuzzy model-based controller (NFMBC) design is presented for control of a pH neutralization process (NP). Input-output (IO) data set of the process is collected by applying a proper excitation signal. Then, forward and inverse neuro-fuzzy models of the process are constructed by using this data set after a training process. In terms of design simplicity, a two-input-one-output model structure is chosen for both neuro-fuzzy models. These forward and inverse neuro-fuzzy models are used in a nonlinear internal model control (NIMC) structure in order to provide robustness against disturbances and model mismatches. To examine the proposed controller's performance, simulation studies are carried out under setpoint variation and disturbance conditions. Additionally, the performance of the inverse NFMBC is compared to that of a fuzzy proportional integral derivative (FPID) controller with a 7x7 rule base. The results demonstrate that the designed controller provides more effective control performance for setpoint variations and also exhibits higher robustness against disturbances in the acid flow rate than the FPID controller.
Sequence Motif Analysis of PRDM9 and Short Inverted Repeats Suggests Their Contribution to Human Microdeletion and Microduplication Syndromes

Holliday junctions are the first recognized templates of legitimate recombination. Their prime physiological role is meiotic homologous recombination, resulting in rearrangements of the genetic material. In humans, recombination hotspots follow a distinct epigenetic pattern designated by the presence of PR domain-containing protein 9 (PRDM9). Repetitive DNA elements can replicate in the genome and can pair with short inverted repeats (SIRs) that form Holliday junctions in a significantly high frequency in vitro. Remarkably, PRDM9 and SIR sequence motifs, which may have the potential to act as recombination primers associated with transposable elements (TEs) and their presence, may lead to gradual spreading of recombination events in human genomes. Microdeletion and microduplication syndromes (MMSs) constitute a significant entity of genetic abnormalities, almost equal in frequency to aneuploidies. Based on our custom database, which includes all MMSs shorter than 5 Mbs in length which is the cut-off point for the standard cytogenetic resolution, we found that the majority of MMSs were present in sequences shorter than 0.5 Mbs. A high probability of TE-associated and non-TE-associated PRDM9/SIR sequence motifs was found in short and long MMSs. Significantly, following the Reactome pathway analysis, a number of affected genes have been associated with the pathophysiological pathways linked to MMSs. In conclusion, PRDM9 or SIR sequence motifs in regions spanning MMSs hotspots underlie a potential functional mechanism for MMS occurrences during recombination.
The effect of confinement on the stability of non-swirling round jet/wake flows

It has recently been shown that the instability characteristics of planar jets and wakes change when the flows are confined between two flat plates. This is due to constructive interaction between modes with zero group velocity in the inner and outer flows. In this theoretical study, a linear spatio-temporal analysis is performed on unconfined and confined round jets and wakes in order to discover whether the same effect is observed. There are several similarities between the planar case and the round case as well as some significant differences. Nevertheless, the effect of confinement on round flows is found to be very similar to that on planar flows and to act via the same physical mechanism. This paper examines density ratios from 0.001 to 1000 and has important implications for the design of fuel injectors, which often employ confined shear flows at high Reynolds numbers and large density ratios to generate strong mixing in combustion chambers.
Free Probability and Operator Algebras

Free probability is a probability theory dealing with variables having the highest degree of noncommutativity, an aspect found in many areas (quantum mechanics, free group algebras, random matrices etc). Thirty years after its foundation, it is a well-established and very active field of mathematics. Originating from Voiculescu’s attempt to solve the free group factor problem in operator algebras, free probability has important connections with random matrix theory, combinatorics, harmonic analysis, representation theory of large groups, and wireless communication.
The performance analysis of MRC combiner output signal in the presence of Weibull fading and shadowing

The performance of dual diversity systems in the presence of Weibull and shadowing over two uncorrelated branches will be presented in this paper. The performance measures of fading communication systems such as probability density function (PDF) of signal to noise ratio (SNR), Amount of fading (AF), and Outage probability (Pout) will be calculated and graphically represented for Maximal Ratio Combining. The results will be shown graphically for different signal and fading parameters values. They will be compared with respect to the kind of shadowing which is with log-normal or Gamma distribution.
A New Limit on Lorentz- and CPT-Violating Neutron Spin Interactions Using a K-3He Comagnetometer

Gravity and quantum mechanics are expected to unify at the Planck scale described by an exceedingly large energy of 10 GeV. This regime is far from the reach of the highest energy colliders, but tests of fundamental symmetries provide an avenue to explore physics at this scale from the low energy world. Proposed theories of quantum gravity suggest possible spontaneous breaking of Lorentz and CPT symmetry that have so far been unobserved. This thesis presents a test of a Lorentzand CPTviolating background field constant across the solar system coupling to the neutron spin. A comagnetometer with polarized atomic vapors K and He suppresses magnetic fields but remains sensitive to non-magnetic spin couplings. In a tabletop setup, the comagnetometer measures the equatorial components to be b̃X = (0.1 ± 1.6) × 10−33 GeV and b̃Y = (2.5±1.6)×10−33 GeV, improving the previous neutron coupling limit by a factor of 30. This work utilizes the CPT-II apparatus, a second generation comagnetometer installation which features a compact design and evacuated bell jar enclosing all optics for improved long term stability. A rotating platform provides frequent reversals of the apparatus orientation and represents a significant improvement in a Lorentz violation search. The comagnetometer is also a sensitive gyroscope, so reorientation with respect to Earth’s rotation contributes significantly to the signal. Reversals along both the north-south and east-west directions provide a separation of systematic effects from maximal and minimal gyroscope backgrounds. Systematic background effects associated with reversals of the apparatus are also identified and removed. Several novel features of comagnetometer behavior are also explored including the response to an ac magnetic field and magnetic field gradients. Furthermore, a compact, nuclear spin source containing 9× 10 hyper-polarized He spins is designed and constructed. The spin source is used in conjunction with the first generation apparatus CPT-I for a test of proposed long-range spin-dependant iii forces on the scale of 50 cm. The spin source supports accurate real-time monitoring of the He polarization, an active magnetic field cancelation system, and efficient spin reversals with losses below 2.5×10−6 per flip. This experiment leads to a new limit on neutron coupling to light pseudoscalar and vector particles, including torsion, along with constraints on possible couplings in recently proposed models involving unparticles and spontaneous breaking of Lorentz symmetry. This measurement improves the previous limit by a factor of 500 and reaches an energy resolution of 10−34 GeV, the highest energy resolution of any atomic experiment.
An Interval-Valued Three-Way Decision Model Based on Cumulative Prospect Theory

In interval-valued three-way decision, the reflection of decision-makers’ preference under the full consideration of interval-valued characteristics is particularly important. In this paper, we propose an interval-valued three-way decision model based on the cumulative prospect theory. First, by means of the interval distance measurement method, the loss function and the gain function are constructed to reflect the differences of interval radius and expectation simultaneously. Second, combined with the reference point, the prospect value function is utilized to reflect decision-makers’ different risk preferences for gains and losses. Third, the calculation method of cumulative prospect value for taking action is given through the transformation of the prospect value function and cumulative weight function. Then, the new decision rules are deduced based on the principle of maximizing the cumulative prospect value. Finally, in order to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the algorithm, the prospect value for decision-making and threshold changes are analyzed under different risk attitudes and different radii of the interval-valued decision model. In addition, compared with the interval-valued decision rough set model, our method in this paper has better decision prospects.
Flop Resistance Controlled Circulating Current Minimization of Parallel Quadratic Step-Up Converter in DCMicro grid Applications

In many situations high Current is required in high demand applications likeall automized industries, DC Microgridetc. , Same converter modules connected in parallel combination results in generation of higher output current, but when connecting two converters in parallel creates the problem ofuneven distribution of current in each converter module due to Mismatch component Parameter tolerances, similarly in existing methods of all parallel converter used buck converter and boost converters to minimize the circulating current and percentage error. This study proposes two quadratic step-upconverters (QSC)in parallel connection called parallel Quadratic Step-up Converter (PQSC)with even distribution ofcurrent in both QSC by implementing passive flop resistance control method(FRC). By using this flop resistance control of QSC method adaptively adjust the reference voltage and also controls the converter duty ratio to achieve equal sharing of current in both Quadratic step-up converters.The adjustment of converter switch on time depends on output current, output voltage of each converter, overall output current, output voltage, Flop Resistance, Cable Resistance of both the converters. The MATLAB simulation model verify the usefulness of the proposed control technique. This effort of proposed control method achieve equal current sharing , reducescirculating current and percentage error of current sharing difference even though para-meters of two converter modules are different.
Mixed finite elements for the simulation of fields and forces in electromagnetic devices

The application of a mixed finite element method to the computation of magnetostatic fields in nonhomogeneous two-dimensional domains is discussed. The method is suitable also for the accurate evaluation of electromagnetic forces on current carrying conductors. Two case studies, corresponding to a magnetic screen and a transformer respectively, are presented and discussed.
Construction of repeat accumulate codes with superimposed structured interleavers

Repeat-accumulate code has been widely used in various communication systems due to its “turbo-like” structure that can be encoded with a low complexity turbo-like encoder and decoded with a high-speed parallel algorithm. In this paper, a novel RA code construction scheme is proposed. This scheme generates the parity-check matrix with superimposed structured interleavers, which thereby guaranteeing the resulting matrix to be globally optimized. Compared with the RA codes constructed with traditional structured interleavers such as π-rotation interleavers, pseudo-random interleavers and combinatorial interleavers, the codes constructed with the proposed method exhibits better error-correcting performance with the same hardware implementation complexity. Key–Words: Repeat-accumulate (RA) codes, Superimposed Structured Interleaver (SSI), low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes