Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization of Cellulase Producing Bacteria from Soil

The present investigation was undertaken to isolate and Screen the Cellulase Producing Bacteria from Soil. Bacterial cultures were isolated from the soil sample collected from Botanical Garden, Karnatak University Campus, Karnataka, India. Four different substrates like Acacia arabica pod, Bauhinia forficata pod, Cassia surattensis pod and Peltophorum pterocarpum pods (as cellulose substrate) were used in the submerged production medium. A Total of 57 bacterial cultures were isolated based on Morphology and Biochemical characterization. Among all isolated strains, the three cellulolytic bacterial strains, maximum enzyme activity were showed in Bacillus cereus (0.440 IU/ml/min and 0.410 IU/ml/min), followed by Bacillus subtilius (0.357 IU/ml/min) and Bacillus thuringiensis (0.334 IU/ml/min) to the Acacia arabica pod. Acacia arabica pod showed maximum enzyme activity comparatively other pods.
MODELING FECAL PATHOGEN TRANSPORT IN VEGETATIVE FILTER STRIPS

Water quality concerns associated with nonpoint sources of pollution, including small to medium-sized confined animal feeding operations, is causing increased attention to the treatment of runoff from these operations. A vegetative filter strips (VFS), with careful design and maintenance, has the potential to be an efficient and economical means for removing nutrients, lowering the level of pathogenic organisms, and reducing other contaminants in runoff from livestock feedlots. Work on two models of the fate and transport of microorganisms, including Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) and Escherichia coli (E.coli) will be discussed. The first model focuses on fate and transport of C. parvum in overland VFS flow. Factors affecting the number of C. parvum oocysts exiting a field during a runoff event include: 1) extent of entrainment of oocysts from manure; 2) transport characteristics of oocysts (e.g., advection, dispersion, diffusion and settling in the runoff water); 3) adsorption and straining of oocysts induced by interactions with plant substrates; and 4) death and predation of oocysts. A submodel representing these factors is being developed and linked to an existing model of VFS hydrology and sediment transport (VFSmod). Details of the model and the linkage will be discussed. The second model focuses on infiltration and subsurface transport of E. coli. In this case, the model is a 1-D model of surface-flow transport and a 2-D model of subsurface transport. Equations for the bacterial transport are similar to the equations for solute transport after making some assumptions. Model development and implementation will be discussed.
Diversity–functioning relationships across hierarchies of biological organization

Numerous biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) experiments have shown that plant community productivity typically increases with species diversity. In these studies, diversity is generally quantified using metrics of taxonomic, phylogenetic, or functional differences among community members. Research has also shown that the relationships between species diversity and functioning depends on the spatial scale considered, primarily because larger areas may contain different ecosystem types and span gradients in environmental conditions, which result in a turnover of the species set present locally. A fact that has received little attention, however, is that ecological systems are hierarchically structured, from genes to individuals to communities to entire landscapes, and that additional biological variation occurs at levels of organization above and below those typically considered in BEF research. Here, we present cases of diversity effects at different hierarchical levels of organization and compare these to the species‐diversity effects traditionally studied. We argue that when this evidence is combined across levels, a general framework emerges that allows the transfer of insights and concepts between traditionally disparate disciplines. Such a framework presents an important step towards a better understanding of the functional importance of diversity in complex, real‐world systems.
OPÇÕES DE ADAPTAÇÃO ÀS MUDANÇAS DO CLIMA PARA A BACIA DO RIO ARICANDUVA

As global climate change is occurring at an accelerated rate, the problems characteristic of regions with large concentrations of population will only grow. This study has as a secondary objective, the assessment of key vulnerabilities in the hydrological river basin Aricanduva and that will worsen with climate change, especially regarding sectors like, water resources, human health and natural disasters and through interdisciplinary assessment, involving issues social and environmental factors and interacting with the dynamics of urban Brazil, the main goal will be reached, which is to identify adaptation options depending on the vulnerability, thus proposing, private actions and public policies, without neglecting the important interactions between adaptation and mitigation options. To reach the final result were analyzed climate projections for the twenty-first century through five regional models for three emission scenarios, among them, the A2 (high emissions), B2 (low emissions) and A1B (stabilization of emissions), in addition, climatological data such as for the city and for the watershed area were analyzed either to determine the evolution of the local climate. After this analysis the objective was to identify the impacts that the basin suffer in relation to these changes in climate. To identify the actual vulnerabilities were collected socioeconomic and environmental data, with raw data and georeferenced data to be crossed and identified in charts, tables and maps. As the areas and sectors were identified as vulnerable in the Basin Aricanduva, you can analyze and present options for adaptation and propose, private actions and public policies in accordance with the impacts of climate changes that exacerbate these vulnerabilities.
Synthesis, Characterization and Bioactivity Evaluation for Some Metal Ions Complexes with New Ligand Derived from 2-hydroxy-1- napthaldehyed

The newly synthesized Schiff base ligand (E)-2-((2-phenylhydrazono)methyl)naphthalen-1-ol (phenyl hydrazine derivative), is allowed to react with each of the next mineral ion: Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+andCd2+successfully resulting to obtain new metal complexes with different geometric shape. The formation of Schiff base complexes and also the origin Schiff base is indicated using LC-Mass that manifest the obtained molar mass, FT-IR proved the occurrence of coordination through N of azobenzene and O of OH by observing the shifting in azomethines band and appearing of M-N and N-O bands. Moreover, we can also detect by such apparatus, the presence of aquatic water molecule inside the coordination sphere. UV-Vis spectra of all resultants revealed the creation of coordination by noticing the shifting in electronic transitions that happened in ligand at ultra violet region. TGA and DSC measurements for ligand and Ni-complex also prove the complexation and presence of coordinated water molecule inside the coordination sphere. In addition, molar accessibility and FAA results were closer to the counting results. The diagnoses return gave mononuclear complexes, bidentate dental behavior and tetrahedral geometry for all complexes. Depending on the antibiotic property of Schiff base and its complexes, we have tested such property on various types of microorganisms as detailed in the paper.
Chemical oceanography of Irish waters, with particular emphasis on ocean acidification

Direct observations of physical and chemical data in the Rockall Trough during February of 2008, 2009 and 2010 are presented. Results are compared to a similar WOCE transect, AR24, completed in November/December 1996. Temperature and salinity data have been used to identify the water masses present in the Trough, and have been combined with nutrient (nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, silicate) and oxygen data to produce a table outlining the chemical characteristics of each of the water masses. Eastern North Atlantic Water (ENAW) moving north through the Trough gains nutrients from a branch of the North Atlantic Current (NAC). Mediterranean Water (MW) was identified as a warm saline core, with characteristically low oxygen and low preformed nutrients along the Irish continental shelf break near 531N. Found at a similar density level at the southern entrance to the Trough, Sub Arctic Intermediate Water (SAIW) has relatively high oxygen and preformed nutrients, likely entrained from the subpolar gyre when it was formed. LSW was identified as a prominent water mass between 1500 and 2000 m deep, with characteristically high oxygen content. Lower silicate, and to a lesser extent preformed nitrate, in 2009 coincide with a freshening of Labrador Sea Water (LSW) relative to other years, and could indicate a stronger influence from the Labrador Current when it was formed. Finally, traces of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) were found as far north as 531N, indicated by a sharp increase in nutrient concentrations, particularly silicate in the deepest parts of the Trough. & 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
GLOBAL MANTLE TOMOGRAPHY: Progress Status

■ Abstract We review the present status of global mantle tomography and discuss two main classes of models that have been developed in the past 10 years: P velocity models based on large datasets of travel times from the International Seismological Centre bulletins, often referred to as “high resolution” models, and S velocity models based on a combination of surface wave and hand picked body wave travel times, or waveforms, referred to as “long wavelength” models. We discuss their respective strengths and weaknesses, as well as progress in the resolution of other physical parameters, such as anisotropy, anelasticity, density, and bulk sound velocity using tomographic approaches. We present the view that future improvements in global seismic tomography require the utilization of the rich information contained in complete broadband seismic waveforms. This is presently within our reach owing to theoretical progress as well as the increase in computational power in recent years.
Automated De-Identification of Free-Text Medical Records

This paper presents a de-identification study at the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology (HST) to automatically de-identify confidential patient information from text medical records used in intensive care units (ICUs). Patient records are a vital resource in medical research. Before such records can be made available for research studies, protected health information (PHI) must be thoroughly scrubbed according to HIPAA specifications to preserve patient confidentiality. Manual deidentification on large databases tends to be prohibitively expensive, time-consuming and prone to error, making a computerized algorithm an urgent need for large-scale deidentification purposes. We have developed an automated pattern-matching deidentification algorithm that uses medical and hospital-specific information. The current version of the algorithm has an overall sensitivity of around 0.87 and an approximate positive predictive value of 0.63. In terms of sensitivity, it performs significantly better than 1 person (0.81) but not quite as well as a consensus of 2 human de-identifiers (0.94). The algorithm will be published as open-source software, and the de-identified medical records will be incorporated into HST's Multi-Parameter Intelligent Monitoring for Intensive Care (MIMIC II) physiologic database. Thesis Supervisor: Roger G. Mark Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering Distinguished Professor in Health Science and Technology
BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making

Background: Databases are frequently used for pharmacoepidemiological research. However, most of these databases consist either of prescribing, dispensing or administrative data and therefore lack insight in the interaction between the several health professionals around the patient. Methods: To determine the success rate of linking records from the dispensing database of the Foundation for Pharmaceutical Statistics to the prescribing database of the second Dutch national survey of general practice, conducted by NIVEL (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), a deterministic record linkage approach was used with patient and prescription characteristics as matching variables between the two databases. Results: The catchment area included 123 community pharmacies, 90 GP practices and approximately 170,000 unique patients. Overall 110,102 (64.8%) unique patients were linked using the matching variables patient's gender, year of birth, the 4-digit part of the postal code, date of dispensing/prescribing and ATC-code. The final database contains of the 110,102 both prescribing data from 83 GP practices and dispensing data of 112 community pharmacies. Conclusion: This study shows that linkage of dispensing to prescribing data is feasible with a combination of patient characteristics, such as gender, year of birth and postal code, and prescription characteristics like prescription date and ATC-code. We obtained a linkage proportion of 64.8% resulting in complete prescribing and dispensing history of 110,102 patients. This offers an opportunity to gain insight in the mechanisms and factors influencing drug utilisation in general practice.
Heterogeneous Integration of Compound Semiconductors

The ability to tailor compound semiconductors and to integrate them onto foreign substrates can lead to superior or novel functionalities with a potential impact on various areas in electronics, optoelectronics, spintronics, biosensing, and photovoltaics. This review provides a brief description of different approaches to achieve this heterogeneous integration, with an emphasis on the ion-cut process, also known commercially as the Smart-Cut TM process. This process combines semiconductor wafer bonding and undercutting using defect engineering by light ion implantation. Bulk-quality heterostructures frequently unattainable by direct epitaxial growth can be produced, provided that a list of technical criteria is fulfilled, thus offering an additional degree of freedom in the design and fabrication of heterogeneous and flexible devices. Ion cutting is a generic process that can be employed to split and transfer fine monocrystalline layers from various crystals. Materials and engineering issues as well as our current understanding of the underlying physics involved in its application to cleaving thin layers from freestanding GaN, InP, and GaAs wafers are presented.
Land occupation and transformation by Spanish roads

The term �land use� is traditionally used to denote a classification of human activities which occupy land area. In the field of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), the terms �land use� or �land use impact� have been used to designate the environmental impacts related to physical occupation and transformation of geographic areas. Our study focuses on the calculation of land surface occupation attributed to Spanish roads, stressing the discrepancy of results determined by the choice of data source. Occupation values are subsequently used to calculate temporal occupation and transformation values of soil into roadways. Transformation values can be incorporated into LCAs of this type of infrastructures, since they can be expressed in terms of vehicle flow. Finally, the need to consider the potential territorial fragmentation and implications on land productivity during road planning is highlighted.
ADHD and the avoidance of mental effort: the role of response inhibition and avoidance motivation

ABSTRACT Objective The tendency of people with ADHD to avoid tasks that require mental effort impacts their academic achievement. Findings in the literature suggest that children with ADHD find cognitive tasks more effortful and uncomfortable than their typically developing peers. However, neuropsychological processes contributing to this remain unclear. The present study investigated whether the relationship between prepotent motor response inhibition and avoiding mental effort is mediated by the ability to resist avoidance motivation and whether this proposed mediation mechanism is contingent on ADHD diagnosis. Method 40 children with ADHD and 40 gender and age-matched typically developing peers participated in the study. They completed the Cognitive Effort Avoidance Measure, the Go/No-go Task, and the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory-Personality Questionnaire-Children. Mediation and moderated mediation analyses were employed to test the hypotheses. Results Children with ADHD scored lower in response inhibition and resisting avoidance motivation. Poorer scores in these variables were associated with a higher avoidance rate. Moreover, the ability to resist avoidance motivation completely mediated the relationship between response inhibition and avoidance rate only among children with ADHD. Conclusion Findings imply that poorer response inhibition led to an increase in avoidance motivation among children with ADHD, which becomes challenging to regulate effectively due to an impairment in the ability to resist avoidance motivation. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
Stream nutrient levels and proximity of agricultural and forest land to streams: Some relationships

ABSTRACT: The effectiveness of forested buffer strips for controlling nutrient loss from agricultural land to streams is not well documented. To clarify this effectiveness, an attempt was made to determine whether considering the proximity of two land use types (agriculture and forest) to streams improved the ability to predict nutrient levels over simply using the proportion of watersheds occupied by each land use. Results indicated that considering the proximity of these land uses did not improve this predictive ability. One reason may be that the long-term effects of near-stream vegetation in reducing stream nutrient levels is negligible.
Effectiveness and User Experience of Virtual Reality for Social Anxiety Disorder: Systematic Review

Background Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder that affects occupational and social functioning. Virtual reality (VR) therapies can provide effective treatment for people with SAD. However, with rapid innovations in immersive VR technology, more contemporary research is required to examine the effectiveness and concomitant user experience outcomes (ie, safety, usability, acceptability, and attrition) of emerging VR interventions for SAD. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness and user experience of contemporary VR interventions among people with SAD. Methods The Cochrane Library, Emcare, PsycINFO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched between January 1, 2012, and April 26, 2022. Deduplicated search results were screened based on title and abstract information. Full-text examination was conducted on 71 articles. Studies of all designs and comparator groups were included if they appraised the effectiveness and user experience outcomes of any immersive VR intervention among people with SAD. A standardized coding sheet was used to extract data on key participant, intervention, comparator, outcome, and study design items. Results The findings were tabulated and discussed using a narrative synthesis. A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. Conclusions The findings showed that VR exposure therapy–based interventions can generally provide effective, safe, usable, and acceptable treatments for adults with SAD. The average attrition rate from VR treatment was low (11.36%) despite some reported user experience difficulties, including potential simulator sickness, exposure-based emotional distress, and problems with managing treatment delivered in a synchronous group setting. This review also revealed several research gaps, including a lack of VR treatment studies on children and adolescents with SAD as well as a paucity of standardized assessments of VR user experience interactions. More studies are required to address these issues. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42022353891; https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/display_record. php? RecordID=353891
Theory and Applications Economies of Scale and Scope in Mental Health Care

Economies of scale and scope are usually derived under the assumption that the set of production possibilities are shared by all firms in an industry irrespective of whether they specialize in a single output or not. Mental health care institutions in the Netherlands vary substantially in the scale and the number of outputs. Estimation of one cost function therefore seems very restrictive and requires the allowance of zero-values. We used a translog cost function model with dummy-variables for different types of institutions, to allow for different technologies. We found evidence for differences in technologies between institutions specialized in counseling and integrated institutions that also performed other activities, expressed by the number of days in the hospital or permanent care, number of treatments in daycare or number of day activities. The marginal costs of counseling were lower for the integrated institutions than for the specialized institutions.
Comparison of Speech Perception Performance According to Prosody Change Between People With Normal Hearing and Cochlear Implant Users.

Background and Objectives : Cochlear implants (CIs) are well known to improve audibility and speech recognition in individuals with hearing loss, but some individuals still struggle with many aspects in communication, such as prosody. This study explores how prosodic elements are perceived by those with normal hearing (NH) and CIs. Subjects and Methods : Thirteen individuals with NH and thirteen CI users participated in this study and completed speech perception, speech prosody perception, speech prosody production, pitch difference discrimination, and melodic contour perception testing. Results : NH listeners performed significantly better than CI users on speech perception, speech prosody perception (except for words with neutral meaning and a negative prosody change and when words were repeated twice), pitch difference discrimination, and melodic contour perception testing. No statistical significance was observed for speech prosody production for both groups. Conclusions : Compared to NH listeners, CI users had limited ability to recognize prosodic elements. The study findings highlight the necessity of an assessment tool and signal processing algorithm for CIs, specifically targeting prosodic elements in clinical settings.
Cells in Atherosclerosis: Focus on Cellular Senescence from Basic Science to Clinical Practice

Aging is a major risk factor of atherosclerosis through different complex pathways including replicative cellular senescence and age-related clonal hematopoiesis. In addition to aging, extracellular stress factors, such as mechanical and oxidative stress, can induce cellular senescence, defined as premature cellular senescence. Senescent cells can accumulate within atherosclerotic plaques over time and contribute to plaque instability. This review summarizes the role of cellular senescence in the complex pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and highlights the most important senotherapeutics tested in cardiovascular studies targeting senescence. Continued bench-to-bedside research in cellular senescence might allow the future implementation of new effective anti-atherosclerotic preventive and treatment strategies in clinical practice.