Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linguistically informed and corpus informed morphological analysis of Arabic

Standard English PoS-taggers generally involve tag-assignment (via dictionary-lookup etc) followed by tag-disambiguation (via a context model, e.g. PoS-ngrams or Brill transformations). We want to PoS-tag our Arabic Corpus, but evaluation of existing PoS-taggers has highlighted shortcomings; in particular, about a quarter of all word tokens are not assigned a fully correct morphological analysis. Tag-assignment is significantly more complex for Arabic. An Arabic lemmatiser program can extract the stem or root, but this is not enough for full PoS-tagging; words should be decomposed into five parts: proclitics, prefixes, stem or root, suffixes and postclitics. The morphological analyser should then add the appropriate linguistic information to each of these parts of the word; in effect, instead of a tag for a word, we need a subtag for each part (and possibly multiple subtags if there are multiple proclitics, prefixes, suffixes and postclitics). Many challenges face the implementation of Arabic morphology, the rich “root-and-pattern” nonconcatenative (or nonlinear) morphology and the highly complex word formation process of root and patterns, especially if one or two long vowels are part of the root letters. Moreover, the orthographic issues of Arabic such as short vowels ( ), Hamzah (ء أ إ ؤ ئ), Taa’ Marboutah ( ة ) and Ha’ ( ه ), Ya’ ( ي ) and Alif Maksorah( ى ) , Shaddah ( ) or gemination, and Maddah ( آ ) or extension which is a compound letter of Hamzah and Alif ( أا ). Our morphological analyzer uses linguistic knowledge of the language as well as corpora to verify the linguistic information. To understand the problem, we started by analyzing fifteen established Arabic language dictionaries, to build a broad-coverage lexicon which contains not only roots and single words but also multi-word expressions, idioms, collocations requiring special part-of-speech assignment, and words with special part-of-speech tags. The next stage of research was a detailed analysis and classification of Arabic language roots to address the “tail” of hard cases for existing morphological analyzers, and analysis of the roots, word-root combinations and the coverage of each root category of the Qur’an and the word-root information stored in our lexicon. From authoritative Arabic grammar books, we extracted and generated comprehensive lists of affixes, clitics and patterns. These lists were then cross-checked by analyzing words of three corpora: the Qur’an, the Corpus of Contemporary Arabic and Penn Arabic Treebank (as well as our Lexicon, considered as a fourth cross-check corpus). We also developed a novel algorithm that generates the correct pattern of the words, which deals with the orthographic issues of the Arabic language and other word derivation issues, such as the elimination or substitution of root letters.
A groupoid approach to geometric mechanics

2 Lie groupoids and Lie algebroids 10 2.1 Definitions and examples . 10 2.1. 1 Lie groupoids . 10 2.1. 2 Lie algebroids . 12 2.2 Connections on Lie algebroids . 15 2.2.1 Vector bundle connections . 15 2.2.2 A-connections, Levi-Civita connections . 18 2.3 Algebroid morphisms . 20 2.3. 1 Algebroid morphisms from T I2 to A . 23
From the British Worker Question to the Impact of HRM: Understanding the Relationship between Employment Relations and Economic Performance

The long‐running UK debate over the relationship between employment relations and economic performance is examined. Its four phases are identified as: British worker question, British economic miracle, ‘what do unions do? ’ and Human Resource Management (HRM) and performance. Change in the terms of debate is observed. Important common threads are identified. Recommendations for future research are made.
A Weighted ECMP Load Balancing Scheme for Data Centers Using P4 Switches

This paper proposes a weighted Equal-cost multipath (W-ECMP) scheme in datacenters using a Programmable Data plane. Nowadays, data center networks face ongoing challenges for higher performance and greater efficiency. Equal-cost multi-path (ECMP) routing, the most common load-balancing scheme used on data center networks, tries to balance the traffic without awareness of the network congestion. To overcome this problem, CONGA and HULA are proposed successively. CONGA has implemented customized ASIC as a part of the switch fabric to collect congestion information distributively. Nevertheless, ASICs solution shows a lack of scalability and flexibility. However, although HULA solves some problems of CONGA by using p4 switch, best path selection strategy in HULA only selects and records the best path, which makes it easy to congest the best path, and HULA uses probes that waste bandwidth and deteriorate the performance. To solve the problems of HULA, W-ECMP chooses a path with a weighted probability to avoid congesting a path quickly. W-ECMP encapsulates the path congestion information into the normal traffic similar to the concept of Inband Network Telemetry (INT) in P4, which increases updating speed as the network loading increases. From experimental results, W - ECMP performs better than HULA does in average flow completion time (FCT).
Plasma Homocysteine Levels in Neuromyelitis Optica

Background and purpose: Homocysteine has been implicated in many kinds of neurologic diseases by inducing oxidative injury which is considered one of the pathogenic mechanisms of neuromyelitis optica (NMO). The aim of this study was to investigate whether there were any relationship between plasma homocysteine and clinical features of NMO patients. Methods: We measured plasma homocysteine in 66 patients with NMO and 66 controls. Results: The patients with NMO had significantly higher homocysteine level than that of healthy control (P<0.001). The average homocysteine level of patients with NMO was in normal range. No correlation was found between clinical or magnetic resonance imaging features of patients with NMO and the level of homocysteine. The inactive NMO patients with relapse in followup had significantly higher homocysteine level than those without relapse in follow-up (P=0.045), and the entire inactive NMO patient with relapse had at least one relapse within the first year of followup. Conclusions: The elevated homocysteine levels in NMO patients might be just a secondary change.
Neutrality Agreements and Card Check Recognition : Prospects for Changing Labor Relations Paradigms

[I]t is important . [to] not[e] . what scientists never do when confronted by even severe and prolonged anomalies. though they may begin to lose faith and then to consider alternatives, they do not renounce the paradigm that has led them into crisis . [o]nce it has achieved the status of paradigm, a scientific theory is declared invalid only if an alternate candidate is available to take its place. A the heart of the National Labor Relations Act (“NLRA” or “Act”) is § 7, guaranteeing workers the right to band together for collective bargaining “through representatives of their own choosing. ” this employee choice, including the right to refrain from unionizing, has long been analogized to voting in political elections. the resonance of the comparison between industrial and political democracy has helped make elections supervised by the National Labor Relations Board (“NLRB” or “Board”) the dominant explanatory structure, or paradigm, for the exercise of employee choice under the NLRA. the past decade has witnessed a growing challenge to the election paradigm as the preferred approach for determining whether employees want union representation. A central component of this challenge is u.S. unions’ success securing agreements from employers to remain neutral during organizing campaigns. these agreements generally provide that the employer will not demand a Board-supervised election, but will recognize the union if a majority of employees sign authorization cards. Neutrality agreements that include card check recognition provide a distinct mechanism for employees to select union representation. this approach has partially displaced NLRB elections, and has become the principal strategy pursued by many unions. Its non-electoral focus has provoked attention from labor law scholars, resistance from
Percutaneous Abscess Drainage: Complications

Over the past 15 years image-guided placement of catheters has become routine for the treatment of abdominal and chest abscesses. With the development of high-resolution computer tomography and ultrasound for image guidance and improvements in catheter design, even abscesses in difficult anatomic locations can be effectively drained by the interventional radiologist. This has led to an increased demand for these procedures. The progression to increasingly difficult procedures has brought an inevitable increase in complications. Although not all complications can be predicted, it is important for the interventional radiologist to be familiar with both common and rare possible complications. In this way, the patient can have a better understanding of the procedure he or she will undergo, and the radiologist can minimize potential complications by understanding how they arise. Some complications are not only common but may also be predictable, while others are unexpected and sometimes unavoidable. Occasionally, major complications can be fatal. The nature of the complication depends on a number of variables including extent and anatomic location of the abscess, the route of percutaneous drainage, the imaging modality and technique used, the skill of the radiologist, and the underlying clinical condition of the patient. This article discusses the complications that can be expected according to the type and location of drainage procedure and outlines ways in which unexpected complications can be avoided.
Tissue Factor-Factor VIIa Complex Induces Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cell Invasion and Metastasis Through a Monocytes-Dependent Mechanism

Objective: Tumor-associated macrophage infiltration and up-regulation of tissue factor-factor VII (TF-FVIIa) complex have been observed in the peritoneum and stroma of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, it is not clear how tumor-associated macrophage and TF-FVIIa complex promotes EOC invasion. In the present study, we aimed to determine the mechanism by which interaction of TF-FVIIa and monocytes (MOs) promotes EOC metastasis. Method: Matrigel invasion assay was used to analyze the potential of EOC metastasis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to detect expressions of cytokines and chemokines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was used to count the percentage of CD14, CD68, and CD163 of MOs. Results: We found that the TF-FVIIa complex caused dynamic changes in MOs cytokine and chemokine expression. CD14 and CD163 were also upregulated on MOs by TF-FVIIa. Epithelial ovarian cancer cells were cocultured with TF-FVIIa-stimulated MOs, demonstrating increased invasion potential. Interleukin 8 (IL-8) was proposed as the major chemoattractant mediating EOC invasion based on MOs messenger RNA and protein expression profiles. Anti-IL-8 monoclonal neutralizing antibody attenuated EOC cell invasion in a concentration-dependent manner, and tumor necrosis factor &agr; from TF-FVIIa-stimulated MOs was observed to amplify IL-8 production. The following transcription factors in MOs were activated by TF-FVIIa and inhibited by the tissue factor pathway inhibitor: oncogenes HIF-1&agr;, HIF-1β, Oct I, Oct II, and Egr-1; inflammatory mediators c-Fos and c-Rel; and STAT family members STAT5A and STAT5B. Conclusions: Our study suggested that the interaction between the TF-FVIIa complex might play a role in mediating EOC invasion and metastasis depending on MOs mechanism.
Assessment Literacy Among Teachers of Technical And Vocational Education Training (Tvet) Centers in Region-6

vi Chapt er One Introductio n . 1 1.1 Background of the Problem . 1 1.1. 1 Theoretical Background . 1 1.1. 1 a. i Concepts of assessment. 1 1. 1. 1a . ii. Concept of classroom assessment . 3 1. 1. l. a. iii . Current view on classroom Assessment. 5 I.l. l. a. iv. Teachers' Assessment Literacy . 7 1. 1. l. a. v. Teachers ' professional Role and Responsibilities for student assessment . 8 1. 1.I . a. vi. Standards for teacher competence in Education Assessment . 10 1.1.1. b. Related Research evidences to the problem . 19 1.1.1. b . i. Teach ers' Assessment competency . 19 1. 1. I.b . ii . Assessment Training for Teach ers . 20 1. 1.1. b. iii . Teacher Beliefs about Training in classroom Assessment . 23 I. l.l. b . iv. Assessment Literacy in Ethiopia . 24 1.1.2 Practical Consideration of the present research problem . 26 1.1.3 Statement of the problem . 27 1.2 Purpose of the Study . 28 1.3 Operational definition of key terms . 29 1.4 Significance of the study . 29 1.5 Delimitation of the study . 30 Chapter Two Methodology . 31 2 . 1 Method of Research . 31 2.2 Participant of the study . 31 2.3 Tools for data collection . 31 2.4 Procedure of data Collection . 34 2.5 Methods of Data Analysis . 34
Molecular data on wild sheep genetic resources and domestic sheep evolution

Summary Wild sheep of the genus Ovis are an important genetic resource for a major agricultural species. In a pilot study, we have used mitochondrial DNA control region and COI gene data in order to characterize their biodiversity and to clarify the nomenclature of moufion (O. musimon), urial (O. vignei) and argali (O. ammori) and to investigate the origins and ancestors of domestic sheep. Comparisons between 17 partial control region sequences of wild and domestic sheep revealed sequence differences up to 8 %. Phylogenetic reconstruetions by the Parsimony and Neighbor Joining method yielded similar tree topologies with 4 clearly separated clades. Domestic sheep sequences were found in two branches, which correspond to the previously reported haplotypes A and B. This suggests a dual matemal origin for O. aries. The only wild sheep that was found in one of the domestic sheep branches was O. musimon. The other branches contained both O. vignei and O. ammon,. This is contrary to expeetations for a "moufloniform" species of wild sheep, and points to major discrepancies in present nomenclature. A PCR-RFLP analysis of control region and COI gene fragments performed on more than 300 sheep samples from 22 breeds of European and Asian origin showed a preponderance of haplotype A in Asia, while haplotype B was the prevailing type in Europe, indicating an eastem and westem domestication event.
The Hegetotheriidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) Assemblage from the Late Oligocene of Mendoza, Central-Western Argentina

ABSTRACT— This study describes new remains of Hegetotheriidae (Notoungulata), including a new species, from the Deseadan (late Oligocene) of Quebrada Fiera, Mendoza Province, Argentina. The assemblage is composed of four hegetotheriines, Prohegetotherium cf. P. sculptum, Prohegetotherium sp. , Prohegetotherium schiaffinoi, and Prohegetotherium malalhuense, sp. nov., and the pachyrukhine Propachyrucos cf. P. simpsoni. The presence of Prosotherium cannot be totally discounted because lower molariforms are rather similar between the two pachyrukhine genera. The new species Prohegetotherium malalhuense, sp. nov., differs from all previously described hegetotheriines by having a lingually projecting, sharp parastyle and marked parastyle groove on the ectoloph of M2–3; talonid of m1–2 posterolabially projected; talonid of m3 with marked posterolabial groove; and the smaller size. Its phylogenetic affinities are not well resolved. Prohegetotherium is paraphyletic, with P. sculptum sister taxon to the remaining hegetotheres, and the new taxon more closely related to Hegetotherium mirabile than to P. schiaffinoi. The recognition of P. schiaffinoi and Prohegetotherium cf. P. sculptum emphasizes that the fauna from Quebrada Fiera shares elements with roughly contemporaneous Deseadan faunas from northern and southern latitudes, but important faunal particularities distinguish the region as well. The record of pachyrukhines at Quebrada Fiera more closely resembles Deseadan faunas in Patagonia than temporally correlative faunas from Bolivia and Uruguay, and indicates the presence of suitable habitats in mid-latitudes of Argentina for this hypselodont clade. Faunal affinities together with particular taxa from Quebrada Fiera appear to support a significant faunal provinciality in South America during the late Oligocene. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9DF1C9A9-92ED-4C50-BB5A-738D075E5F54
A spatially resolved pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for bystander effects of the hypoxia-activated prodrug PR-104A

II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . IV TABLE OF CONTENTS . VI LIST OF FIGURES . XIV LIST OF TABLES . XIX ABBREVIATIONS . XXI PUBLICATION CONTAINING DATA FROM THIS THESIS.XXIII CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 The tumour microenvironment . 1 1.1.1 The tumour vasculature . 2 1.1.2 Tumour hypoxia . 3 1.1.3 Effects of hypoxia on the tumour microenvironment . 4 1.2 The significance of hypoxia in cancer therapy . 5 1.2.1 Prevalence and prognostic significance of hypoxia in human tumours. 5 1.2.2 Hypoxia and malignant progression . 7 1.2. 3 Hypoxia and radiotherapy . 9 1.2. 4 Hypoxia and chemotherapy . 10 1.3 Drug distribution in solid tumours . 11 1.3. 1 Measurement of drug extravascular transport. 11 1.3. 2 Determinants of drug extravascular transport . 14 1.3. 2.1 Drug consumption . 15 1.3. 2.2 Tissue diffusion coefficients . 17 1.3. 3 Drug distribution following treatment with anticancer prodrugs . 19
Ready-to-eat foods: A potential vehicle for spread of coagulase-positive staphylococci and antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Buea municipality, South West Cameroon

Background The consumption of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods contaminated with coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) and especially Staphylococcus aureus puts consumers at potential risk of foodborne disease or colonization and subsequent infection. This cross-sectional study determined the levels of CoPS and the presence of S. aureus in RTE foods sold in Buea municipality. Method A total of 420 RTE food samples comprising 70 each of cake, bread, fruit salad, meat-hot-pot, suya and boiled rice were randomly purchased from February to August 2020. The CoPS counts were determined by culturing on Baird-Parker agar and S. aureus identified by amplification of the nuc gene using polymerase chain reaction. All S. aureus isolates were screened for the presence of classical staphylococcal enterotoxin genes and each isolate challenged with 11 antibiotics to determine their antibiotic susceptibility profiles. Oxacillin-resistant S. aureus were analyzed for the presence of mecA gene. Result Overall, 161 (38.3%) samples had detectable levels of coagulase-positive staphylococci ranging from 2.0-5.81 log10CFU/g. Based on CoPS levels, 37 (8.81%) of the 420 RTE food samples, only fruit salad and meat-hot-pot, had unsatisfactory microbiological quality. A total of 72 S. aureus isolates, comprising 52.78% from fruit salad, 16.67% from meat-hot-pot, 12.5% from boiled rice, 9.72% from suya, 5.56% from bread and 4.17% from cake were recovered. None of the S. aureus isolates possessed any of the classical enterotoxin genes. All the isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and ofloxacin while 68 (94.44%) and 66 (91.67%) were sensitive to oxacillin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Resistance to penicillin (93.06%) was highest followed by amoxicillin (91.67%) and erythromycin (79.17%). Four isolates were identified as methicillin-resistant S. aureus all of which carried the mecA gene. A total of 24 antibiotypes were identified. Conclusion Our findings showed that RTE foods sold in the Buea municipality are likely vehicles for transmission of CoPS and antibiotic-resistant S. aureus.
SCFA Treatment Alleviates Pathological Signs of Migraine and Related Intestinal Alterations in a Mouse Model of NTG-Induced Migraine

Background: There is a growing realization that the gut–brain axis signaling is critical for maintaining the health and homeostasis of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the intestinal environment. The role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs), such as Sodium Propionate (SP) and Sodium Butyrate (SB), has been reported to counteract inflammation activation in the central and Enteric Nervous System (ENS). Methods: In this study, we evaluated the role of the SCFAs in regulating the pathophysiology of migraine and correlated dysregulations in the gut environment in a mouse model of Nitroglycerine (NTG)-induced migraine. Results: We showed that, following behavioral tests evaluating pain and photophobia, the SP and SB treatments attenuated pain attacks provoked by NTG. Moreover, treatments with both SCFAs reduced histological damage in the trigeminal nerve nucleus and decreased the expression of proinflammatory mediators. Ileum evaluation following NTG injection reported that SCFA treatments importantly restored intestinal mucosa alterations, as well as the release of neurotransmitters in the ENS. Conclusions: Taken together, these results provide evidence that SCFAs exert powerful effects, preventing inflammation through the gut–brain axis, suggesting a new insight into the potential application of SCFAs as novel supportive therapies for migraine and correlated intestinal alterations.
Using Blockchain to Ensure the Integrity of Digital Forensic Evidence in an IoT Environment

Digital forensics deals with digital evidence. Digital forensics is the study of data detection, acquisition, processing, analysis, and reporting. Encouraging the use of digital forensics in law enforcement investigations. With digital forensics, you can find out what data was taken and how it was copied or spread. Some hackers purposefully destroy data to harm their targets. In other cases, malicious software or hacker involvement can accidentally corrupt vital data. Digital forensics faces challenges of security and integrity. IoT devices can collect digital forensic evidence in an IoT setting, putting cybercrime agencies at danger owing to security and integrity. Many studies have been done recently to improve IoT based digital forensics integrity and security, but researchers face the risk of confidentiality. Recent research shows that digital forensics still faces manipulation and security issues. So a clever and effective approach is needed that not only protects security and integrity but also anticipates threats. So we propose an intelligent and effective solution based on Blockchain and Hashing algorithms. We will store the data collected from IoT devices into Blockchain. Anomalies in the evidence and transactions will be predicted using Machine Learning boosted models. So the proposed model works well because it can predict attacks early on.
ON UNIFORMIZATION OF RIEMANN SURFACES AND THE WEIL-PETERSSON METRIC ON TEICHMÜLLER AND SCHOTTKY SPACES

A potential is constructed for the Weil-Petersson metric on the Teichm? ller space of marked Riemann surfaces of genus 1$ SRC=http://ej.iop. org/images/0025-5734/60/2/A03/tex_sm_3170_img2. gif/> in terms of the density of the Poincar? metric on the region of discontinuity of the corresponding normalized marked Schottky group. It is proved that the difference between the projective connections corresponding to the Fuchsian uniformization and the Schottky uniformization for a marked Riemann surface of genus 1$ SRC=http://ej.iop. org/images/0025-5734/60/2/A03/tex_sm_3170_img2. gif/> is the -derivative of this potential, and the Weil-Petersson symplectic form on Teichm? ller space is the -derivative of the Fuchsian projective connection. The results establish how the accessory parameters of the Fuchsian uniformization and the Schottky uniformization of a Riemann surface are connected with the geometries of Teichm? ller space and Schottky space.Bibliography: 31 titles.