Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RESPIRATION AND OTHER PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RELEVANCE TO DWARFING AND SURVIVAL IN MARINE VIBRIOS by

In the marine environment bacteria are subjected to low nutrient stress, to which some respond by miniaturization or "dwarfing". The aim of this project was to increase understanding of the physiology of dwarfing and survival in copiotrophic marine vibrios, and the role of respiration in these processes. Starvation conditions caused all of 21 copiotrophic marine vibrio strains to dwarf. The genes essential for this process appeared to be chromosomally located and not plasmid-borne, suggesting that dwarfing is an important cellular function for those organisms studied. The marine bacterium Vibrio f[uvialis strain NCTC11328 also responded to starvation conditions by forming dwarf bacteria. The viability of starved cells began to decrease after 2 days. During this time the respiratory potential of the bacteria decreased by threeor four-fold, most probably as a result of a decrease in the specific activity of NADH and succinate dehydrogenases. Although respiratory potential in starving cells was lower than in growing cells, bacteria starved for 24 hours maintained a proton motive force that was slightly larger than that of mid-exponential phase bacteria. Starved bacteria contained substantial concentrations of A TP although the UTP and GTP concentrations were much . lower in starved than in growing cells. Four proteins that were not present in membranes of growing cells, were evident in the membranes of starved bacteria. Dwarfing in Vibrio fluvialis was prevented by conditions that eliminated respiration as a source of energy, including addition of respiratory inhibitors, anaerobiosis and introduction of mutations leading to defects of the respiratory chain. Further, survival of the wild-type strain during starvation was reduced under anaerobic conditions and survival of respiratory mutants under aerobic conditions was reduced compared with that of the parent strain. Long-term survival, therefore, appears to be linked to dwarfing and respiration.
An Interaction Model

THIS STUDY OUTLINES A SMALL GROUP INTERACTION MODEL WHICH CAN BE AFFLIED TO SUPERVISION. IT CONSISTS OF THREE CHANNELS -(1) THE MOTIVATIONAL CHANNEL IN WHICH THE MvTIVATIONAL ASPECT OF AN UTTERANCE (I.E. QUESTIONS. EXCLAMATIONS. ASSERTIONS) IS IDENTIFIED ACCORDING TO THE PARTICULAR EGO CRISIS (TRUST VS. MISTRUST, AUTONOMY VS. SHAME DOUBT. INITIATIVE VS. GUILT. INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY, IDENTITY VS. ROLE DIFFUSION. INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION. GENERATIVITY VS. STAGWITION. INTEGRITY VS. DISGUST DESPAIR) WHICH IS BEING EXPRESSED THROUGH IT. (2) THE DELIVERY CHANNEL IN WHICH THE STYLE OF DELIVERY IS ANALYZED TO SEE WHICH OF THE SIX EMOTIONAL STATES (HOSTILITY AND AGGRESSION. AVOIDANCE AND WITHDRAWAL. WARMTH AND INTIMACY. FORMALITY AND ALOOFNESS. RELIANCE ON AN AGENCY OR AUTHORITY EXTERNAL TO THE MEMBERSHIP. AND CONCERN OVER A THREAT TO PERSONAL AUTONOMY) IT EXPRESSES. AND (3) THE INFORMATION CHANNEL IN WHICH AN INFORMATION CODING SYSTEM CONSISTING OF 4 CATEGORIES -(A) HAS POSSESSION OF INFORMATION. (6) DOES NOT HAVE POSSESSION OF INFORMATION. (C) INFORMATION IS IN CONFLICT WITH SOME OMR PIECE OF INFORMATION. OR (D) INFORMATION IS NOT IN i.14NFLICT WITH ANY OTHER PIECE OF INFORMATION -IS PRESENTED. PAPER REPRINTED FROM RAINS. JAMES AND LEEFER. ROBERT R.
Introduction to Endogeneity-related Methods

When we discuss the linear model we assume that the regressors are exogenous, meaning that they are independent of or uncorrelated with the error term. Often there are reasons to believe that some regressors are correlated with the error term. In that case we call those regressors endogenous. Under the classical assumptions OLS estimators are Best Linear Unbiased Estimator (BLUE). One key assumption is that the regressors have to be uncorrelated with the error term. If this condition does not hold, OLS estimators are biased and inconsistent. When one independent variable does not satisfy this condition, we say this variable is endogenous. The most popular cure for endogeneity is to use instrumental variables.
Identi cation of SRGAP2 as a Potential Oncogene and a Prognostic Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Bioinformatics Analyses and Biological Experiments

Yan Li Xi'an Jiaotong University Second A liated Hospital Lu Qiao Xi'an Jiaotong University Second A liated Hospital Yuru Bai Xi'an Jiaotong University Second A liated Hospital Cailan Xiao Xi'an Jiaotong University Second A liated Hospital Department of Oncology Jian Wu Fourth Military Medical University: Air Force Medical University Xiaoliang Gao Fourth Military Medical University: Air Force Medical University Chenyang Qiao Fourth Military Medical University: Air Force Medical University Yongquan Shi Fourth Military Medical University: Air Force Medical University Wei Hou Xi'an Jiaotong University Second A liated Hospital Jinhai Wang Xi'an Jiaotong University Second A liated Hospital Ning Xie Xi'an Jiaotong University Second A liated Hospital Na Liu (  liuna1@xjtu.edu.cn ) Xi'an Jiaotong University Second A liated Hospital https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3246-9674
MSc Thesis

At the Lion Foundation a hunting simulator is used to stimulate the hunting instincts and skills of lions and tigers, in order to improve their health and increase chances of relocation into the wild. The hunting simulator is an animal enclosure wherein a piece of meat, used as prey, is moved by means of a joystick-controlled cable-driven system. The animal caretakers find it difficult to operate the hunting simulator effectively: the position of the prey relative to the hunting cat and enclosure is hard to judge. Evading the fast unpredictable cats requires high prey velocities without crashing into obstacles or enclosure walls. In this study it is hypothesized that providing the operators with haptic assistance through the joystick will help them to improve their performance, i.e. it will allow them to navigate the prey through the enclosure at higher velocities while having fewer collisions. Haptic assistance was designed as a force-stiffness feedback algorithm based on the inverse Time-to-Collision. It was implemented on a purposefully designed virtual hunting simulator operated through a force-feedback gaming joystick. Naive subjects (n=10) participated in an experiment in which they were asked to navigate the virtual prey through a series of waypoints, without hitting the boundaries of the virtual enclosure or the obstacles within it, both with and without the designed haptic assistance. Results show that haptic assistance leads to significant benefits for the operators, as they moved significantly faster while having significantly fewer collisions. In conclusion, the designed haptic assistance is beneficial when used in the virtual hunting simulator, and therefore constitutes a promising method that warrants implementation and evaluation in the realworld hunting simulator.
Biochemical and Molecular Action of Nutrients b-Carotene and Inhibitors of Iron Absorption Modify Iron Uptake by Caco-2 Cells

A National fortification program instated in Venezuela in 1993 reduced iron deficiency and anemia by half in only 1 y. The fortification mixture contained ferrous fumarate, vitamin A and other vitamins. We conducted experiments to characterize ferrous fumarate uptake by Caco-2 cells. Increasing amounts of ferrous fumarate, vitamin A, phytate, tannic acid and b-carotene were added to incubation mixtures using a range of concentrations that included the molar ratios used in the Venezuelan fortification program. Cells were incubated for 1 h at 37°C with 37 kBq Fe and the compound to be evaluated. They were then rinsed, trypsinized and counted to measure uptake. Effects of ascorbic acid, days in culture and use of flasks or inserts were also evaluated. Optimal conditions for uptake experiments were pH 5.5, in the presence of ascorbic acid and at 16 d in culture. Use of flasks or inserts did not affect uptake. Vitamin A did not significantly increase iron uptake under the experimental conditions employed. However, b-carotene (6 mmol/L) significantly increased iron uptake compared to no b-carotene addition (114.9 6 6.3 and 47.2 6 5.9 pmol/mg cell protein, respectively). Moreover, in the presence of phytates or tannic acid, b-carotene generally overcame the inhibitory effects of both compounds depending on their concentrations. We conclude that b-carotene improves iron uptake and overcomes the inhibition by potent inhibitors of iron absorption. These experiments also validated the usefulness of Caco-2 cell model system to evaluate iron metabolism. J. Nutr. 130: 5–9, 2000.
Invited reply Reply to Comment by Young et al .

Had our study been, as Young et al. imply, a data trawling exercise using hundreds of variables to look for a ‘thread’, then doubts about its validity might be justified. However, their account of our work bears little relationship to the methods, results or conclusions we report. For example, Young et al. claim that we used 396 tests to address our primary hypothesis. In fact, we used two. Young et al. fail to acknowledge that our work was based on a strong a priori hypothesis. Far from being ‘genetically implausible’, it has long been accepted that human sex ratios at birth are not 50 : 50 despite the equal production of ‘male’ and ‘female’ sperm, and that birth sex ratios vary between populations and across time. These facts have provoked debate about the likely role of the parental environment in influencing infant gender (Krakow 1994; Lazarus 2002; Rosenfeld & Roberts 2004; Sheldon & West 2004; Wild & West 2007). Our primary hypothesis, based on sound evolutionary principles and supported by considerable research on other mammal species, was that women with good nutrition at the time of conception would be more likely to bear sons. Even since the publication of our paper, two further papers on humans have appeared supporting this hypothesis (Bulik et al. 2008; Villamor et al. 2008). The ‘main finding’ of our study (notwithstanding Young et al.’s preoccupation with cereal) is a link between maternal nutritional status around conception and infant gender. Because intakes of different nutrients are inevitably correlated with one another (people eat food, not single nutrients), we used a standard method of data reduction—principal components analysis (PCA)—to summarize the patterns of nutrient intakes along new axes (‘components’). PCA is widely advocated as a means of dealing with collinearity (the non-independence of predictors) that would otherwise violate one of the fundamental assumptions of regression analysis (see Massy 1965; Feinstein 1996; Glantz & Slinker 2001; Grafen & Hails 2002; Zuur et al. 2007). Its use made it unnecessary to conduct multiple tests on individual nutrients to examine the primary hypothesis of a link between maternal diet and infant gender: the first component gave a good description of women’s nutritional intakes in a single variable. We showed that the relationship between the scores on this variable and offspring sex differed with time period, and then we presented a further test demonstrating a link for the preconception data. Young et al. maintain that because we measured women’s diets at three time points, we inflated the chance of obtaining a positive result. Yet only one of these time points—the time around conception—was biologically
Using Small Capacity Fuel Cells Onboard Drones for Battery Cooling: An Experimental Study

Recently, quadrotor-based drones have attracted a lot of attention because of their versatility, which makes them an ideal medium for a variety of applications, e.g., personal photography, surveillance, and the delivery of lightweight packages. The flight duration of a drone is limited by its battery capacity. Increasing the payload capacity of a drone requires more current to be supplied by the battery onboard a drone. Elevated currents through a Li-ion battery can increase the battery temperature, thus posing a significant risk of fire or explosion. Li-ion batteries are suited for drone applications, due to their high energy density. There have been attempts to use hydrogen fuel cells onboard drones. Fuel cell stacks and fuel tank assemblies can have a high energy to weight ratio. So, they may be able to power long duration drone flights, but such fuel cell stacks and associated systems, are usually extremely expensive. Hence, this work proposes the novel use of a less expensive, low capacity, metal hydride fuel stick-powered fuel cell stack as an auxiliary power supply onboard a drone. A primary advantage of this is that the fuel sticks can be used to cool the batteries, and a side effect is that this slightly reduces the burden on the onboard Li-ion battery and provides a small increment in flight time. This work presents the results of an experimental study which shows the primary effect (i.e., decrease in battery temperature) and the secondary side effect (i.e., a small increment in flight time) obtained by using a fuel cell stack. In this work, a metal hydride fuel stick powered hydrogen fuel cell is used along with a Li-ion battery onboard a drone.
Achieving Virtual Network Function Load-Balanced Flow Migration in Dynamic Cloud Data Centers

Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) are software implementation of middleboxes (MBs) (e.g., ﬁrewalls) that provide performance and security guarantees for virtual machine (VM) cloud applications. In this paper we study a new ﬂow migration problem in VNF-enabled cloud data centers where the trafﬁc rates of VM ﬂows are constantly changing. Our goal is to minimize the total network trafﬁc (therefore optimizing the network resources such as band-width and energy) while considering that VNFs have limited processing capability. We formulate the ﬂow migration problem and design two efﬁcient beneﬁt-based greedy algorithms. The simulations show that our algorithms are effective in reducing the network trafﬁc as well as in achieving load balance among VNFs. In particular, our ﬂow migration algorithms can reduce upto 15% network trafﬁc compared to the case without ﬂow migration.
Balancing environmental benefits and damages of small hydropower generation in policy-making: assessing the implementation of a contradicting EU policy framework in Austria and Slovenia

ABSTRACT Hydropower contributes to a higher share of renewables but is also in conflict with environmental legislation aiming to protect natural habitats, wildlife and endangered species. Analysing two neighbouring European countries with similar topographical and hydromporphological characteristics, Austria and Slovenia, allows assessing to what extent a policies’ national context steers possible policy conflicts of EU legislation. The paper shows that hydropower expansion in examined countries is strongly shaped by factors such as financial concerns of investors, diverging opinions of involved stakeholders, available hydro potential and the role of hydropower in national energy strategies. Addressing issues that lead to a lower effectiveness of national policies already at the level of EU policy design or engaging countries to broadening their national energy portfolio by considering emerging technologies such as PV and wind will enable future energy and climate strategies that are more consistent with other environmental goals.
NUTRITIONAL POTENTIAL, MINERAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY SQUASH ( CUCURBITA PEPO L.) FRUITS GROWN IN EGYPT.

The nutritional potential of fruits, fruit pulp and seeds of Squash ( Cucurbita pepo L .) collected from Giza, Egypt was evaluated for their proximate values and mineral composition. In addition to; the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities by using (DPPH, ABTS and TAC) of the defatted methanolic extract of fruits, and seeds of ( C. pepo ) were determined. The results indicated that the fruit pulp and fruits have a high content of moisture and crude fibres whereas, the seeds have high protein, fat and ash contents. The fresh fruit pulp and fruits had a high content of β- carotene. Although fruits and fruit pulp contained high amounts of magnesium, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, manganese and calcium but the seeds have highest values. Parallel to the results revealed the seeds have a high content of phenolic and flavonoid and also higher antioxidant activity. The results also showed a clear relationship between total phenolic and flavonoid contents with the antioxidant activity of the seeds and fruits. From the obtained results, the fruits of (C. pepo ) are good alternative source of nutritional content and essential minerals which required to human for a healthy and active life.
Gradient phonotactics in the Gitksan lexicon

Patterns in the distribution of consonants in the lexicon, and patterns of consonant co-occurrence in particular, have in recent years been subjected to careful study in a number of languages, e.g., English (Berkeley, 2000), Arabic and other Semitic languages (Frisch, Pierrehumbert & Broe, 2004), and Muna (Coetzee & Pater, to appear). These studies have focused in particular on dissimilatory consonant cooccurrence restrictions (Obligatory Contour Principle effects), and the extent to which gradient patterns of relative undervs. overrepresentation of specific consonant co-occurrences is correlated with the relative similarity of the segments in question. The results of such studies have important implications for our view of the relationship between the lexicon and the phonological grammar and between gradient and categorical sound patterns. Questions also arise in relation to the similarity metric, such as to what extent it is influenced by inventory structure, and whether it can be subject to language-particular weighting of distinctive features. The indigenous languages of the Pacific Northwest are interesting from this perspective, as they often have consonant inventories which differ in many respects from the kinds of languages in which cooccurrence patterns have been explored in detail. In this study, we examine consonant co-occurrences in the lexicon of Gitksan, an endangered Tsimshianic language of British Columbia (Canada), whose inventory displays various features typical of the Northwest Coast linguistic area. For example, we find a relatively large class of dorsals (uvulars and velars, the latter exhibiting a labialization contrast), the set of coronals includes lateral obstruents (/tɬʼ, ɬ/), and the main laryngeal contrast is one of glottalization: pulmonic vs. ejective plosives (/q/ : /qʼ/) and pulmonic vs. glottalized sonorants (/n/ : /nʼ/).
No increase in use of hospitals for childbirth in Tanzania over 25 years: Accumulation of inequity among poor, rural, high parity women

Improving childbirth care in rural settings in sub-Saharan Africa is essential to attain the commitment expressed in the Sustainable Development Goals to leave no one behind. In Tanzania, the period between 1991 and 2016 was characterized by health system expansion prioritizing primary health care and a rise in rural facility births from 45% to 54%. Facilities however are not all the same, with advanced management of childbirth complications generally only available in hospitals and routine childbirth care in primary facilities. We hypothesized that inequity in the use of hospital-based childbirth may have increased over this period, and that it may have particularly affected high parity (≥5) women. We analysed records of 16,080 women from five Tanzanian Demographic and Health Surveys (1996, 1999, 2004, 2010, 2015/6), using location of the most recent birth as outcome (home, primary health care facility or hospital), wealth and parity as exposure variables and demographic and obstetric characteristics as potential confounders. A multinomial logistic regression model with wealth/parity interaction was run and post-estimation margins analysis produced percentages of births for various combinations of wealth and parity for each survey. We found no reduction in inequity in this 25-year period. Among poorest women, lowest use of hospital-based childbirth (around 10%) was at high parity, with no change over time. In women having their first baby, hospital use increased over time but with a widening pro-rich gap (poorest women predicted use increased from 36 to 52% and richest from 40 to 59%). We found that poor rural women of high parity were a vulnerable group requiring specifically targeted interventions to ensure they receive effective childbirth care. To leave no one behind, it is essential to look beyond the average coverage of facility births, as such a limited focus masks different patterns and time trends among marginalised groups.
Specific behavior of one chaotic dynamics near the fine-structure constant

A chaotic dynamics generalizing the Verhulst, Ricker dynamics and containing a new parameter is introduced. It is established that with the value of this parameter approaching the fine-structure constant the chaos in the system is considerably weakening. It is shown that there is only one more value of this parameter characterized by ordering initially chaotic dynamics. Two-parameter Mandelbrot/Julia Sets are built for the complex map analogs.
Different Spectral Representations in Optimized Artificial Neural Networks and Brains

Recent studies suggest that artiﬁcial neural networks (ANNs) that match the spectral properties of the mammalian visual cortex—namely, the ∼ 1 /n eigenspectrum of the covariance matrix of neural activities—achieve higher object recognition performance and robustness to adversarial attacks than those that do not. To our knowledge, however, no previous work systematically explored how modifying the ANN’s spectral properties affects performance. To ﬁll this gap, we performed a systematic search over spectral regularizers, forcing the ANN’s eigenspectrum to follow 1 /n α power laws with different exponents α . We found that larger powers (around 2–3) lead to better validation accuracy and more robustness to adversarial attacks on dense networks. This surprising ﬁnding applied to both shallow and deep networks and it overturns the notion that the brain-like spectrum (corresponding to α ∼ 1 ) always optimizes ANN performance and/or robustness. For convolutional networks, the best α values depend on the task complexity and evaluation metric: lower α values optimized validation accuracy and robustness to adversarial attack for networks performing a simple object recognition task (categorizing MNIST images of handwritten digits); for a more complex task (categorizing CIFAR-10 natural images), we found that lower α values optimized validation accuracy whereas higher α values optimized adversarial robustness. These results have two main implications. First, they cast neural network trained on MNIST. d , Validation accuracy cannot be improved against baseline and only shows a clear maximum for strong regularization. e , FGSM and PGD f attacks with a strength (cid:15) = 0 . 1 show only strong differences for regularization strength for PGD and do not have a pronounced maximum. g , h , i , Convolutional neural network trained on CIFAR-10. g , Validation accuracy is strongest for weak regularization and α values smaller than one. h , FGSM and PGD i attacks with a strength (cid:15) = 0 . 01 show that strong regularization and α values around 3 improve robustness.