Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dense Water Overflows and Cascades

This study reviews our current knowledge of the main physical processes affecting the dynamics and properties of dense water overflows and cascades in the ocean. Dense water formed by cooling, evaporation or sea-ice formation in the surface layer of the ocean descends into a deep ocean basin over sloping topography as an overflow or cascade. Large-scale overflows provide substantial contributions to globally important water masses that ventilate the abyssal ocean and force the global meridional overturning circulation. Our understanding of dense water overflows is far from comprehensive due a lack of observations and the complexity of their dynamics. Problems with resolution, mixing and bottom drag, and subsequent model dependence on simple parameterisations, lead to highly unrealistic representation of overflows in current ocean circulation and climate models. Dense bottom flows descend under a balance of gravity, the Earth’s rotation, bottom friction and turbulent entrainment. Overflows and cascades are predominantly in geostrophic balance and flow primarily alongslope with a small downslope component and viscous drainage in the bottom boundary layer. The weaker the rate of source water production, the greater the contribution of bottom friction to the source balance. Several different mechanisms enhance overflow dynamics, including the thermobaric effect, topographic features and suspended sediments. The downslope velocity of the dense flow is increased. Final depth reached may not increase due to the associated increase in entrainment and detrainment. The final product water that spreads into the ocean interior is insensitive to variations of the source water density due to a strong damping by corresponding changes in the rate of entrainment. Instead it largely depends on the thermohaline properties of the ambient water and the rate of its entrainment. A simple plume model is used to illustrate the effects of bottom topography and friction in determining the path, the rate of descent, and the evolution of the thickness and width of the outflow. Entrainment and mixing is ignored. Once initialised, the model outflow is determined by the model dynamics and the bottom topography. Steeper regions do not allow the model flow to descend more quickly when an average gradient is maintained. The angle of descent is controlled by bottom drag and variable topography across the outflow affects the shape of the flow. Although this model is highly simplified, aspects of its behaviour are likely to be similar to that of overflows in current dissipative climate models.
Onset of Tertiary continental glaciations in the Antarctic Peninsula sector (West Antarctica)

At the close of the Cretaceous, the Antarctic Peninsula sector had a rather warm and dry climate, differentiated into summer and winter seasons, as indicated by annual growth-rings in petrified logs. Vegetation cover was probably patchy due to low amount of precipitation. -There is no indication of contemporaneous continental glaciation, however small ice-caps may have grown on tops of stratovolcanoes and in high mountain groups. The Early Tertiary saw climatic and environmental conditions initially similar to the precedent ones. Increase in amount of rainfall with time resulted in wide spreading of vegetation cover, with Nothofagus forests rich in fern undergrowth, including tree ferns, and with Araucaria, during Palaeocene and Eocene, followed by Nothofagus -podocarp forests poorer in fern undergrowth during Oligocene. Climatic seasonality is well marked in petrified wood logs as annual growth-rings. Terrestrial animaI life (marsupials, large birds) is recorded at the beginning of PaIaeogene. There is no indication of continental glaciation in the Antarctic Peninsula sector during the whole Palaeogene. The uppermost Oligocene plant-bearing beds (dated at about 24.5 Ma) still evidence a non-glacial -climate. There are, however, evidences from lahar-type debris-flow agglomerates of existence of local ice-caps on tops of stratovolcanoes. The onset of continental glaciation (ice-sheet at sea level) in the Antarctic Peninsula sector, :slightly post-dates the Oligocene/Miocene boundary. Early Miocene brachiopod-bearing shallow-marine sediments contain pieces of carbonized wood, and are still devoid of convincing glacial climate indicators. The succeeding Early Miocene highly fossiliferous glacio-marine strata are ;crowded with iceberg-rafted debris, often of large dimensions, of Antarctic continent provenance. Andesite dykes which cut through these strata have been K-Ar dated at about 20 Ma. The K-Ar dating of the geological events leaves a narrow bracket for the onset of continental glaciation in :the Antarctic Peninsula sector at between 24 and 20 Ma.
The structural salience of landmarks: results from an on-line study and a virtual environment experiment

The term ‘structural salience’ refers to the characteristics of landmarks that are immediately related to navigation. One of the central aspects of this kind of salience is where a landmark is located at an intersection. Klippel and Winter (2005) developed a mathematical measure that describes the ideal position of a landmark at an intersection. In the first experiment (on-line study) we examined the four different landmark positions from a bird's-eye perspective and in the second experiment (virtual environment) from an egocentric perspective. We compare our results with Klippel and Winter's model and provide some evidence to support their assumptions empirically.
Comparative Study of the Outcomes of Endoscopic Unilateral Laminotomy for Bilateral Decompression (ULBD) With Destandau Technique and Microscopic ULBD: A Randomized Double-Blinded Study of 685 Patients

Objective: Lumbar canal stenosis is a common finding amongst elderly patients visiting spine surgeons for back pain. Uniportal unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression (ULBD) is an emerging minimally invasive procedure for lumbar canal stenosis. This study compared the clinical outcomes of endoscopic ULBD with Destandau technique and microscopic lumbar canal decompression. Methods: A prospective multicenter study on 685 patients undergoing single-level spinal canal decompression. Patients with axial back pain, lumbar radiculopathy, lumbar canal stenosis & claudication distance <1,000 m were included. Parameters assessed were Dura expansion, thecal sac’s cross-sectional area, horizontal displacement, blood loss, operation time, hospital stay, modified MacNab score, visual analogue score (VAS), side changing (self) status, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the Short-Form 36 for quality of life (QoL). Results: Group 1 (endoscopic ULBD with Destandau technique) had 343 patients and group 2 (microscopic ULBD) had 342 patients. Group 1 had lower horizontal displacement (0.34%±0.21%, p<0.001) and significant improvement of VAS (42.28%±3.20%, p<0.001) at 1-week postsurgery with shorter hospital stay (1±0.2 days vs. 1.8±0.8 days, p<0.01) and significant improvements of ODI and MacNab scores (42.28±3.20 and 85.30%, p<0.001). The 30-second chair test (3.4±0.13 vs. 5.6 ± 2.41, p<0.001), 10-meter walk test (1.0 ± 2.15 vs. 0.55 ± 3.23, p<0.001), and SF-36 physical health component score (48.20±8.46 vs. 74.48±0.54, p<0.001) improved significantly as well. Furthermore, 92% of patients were able to change sides while in bed at 1-week postsur-gery. Claudication distance improved significantly in both groups. Conclusion: Group 1 patients had better clinical and functional outcomes within 3 months of surgery than group 2 patients, with improved QoL, shorter hospital stays, claudication distance, and self-side changing ability.
Reconstruction error-assisted anomaly detection method for underground pipelines

Abstract. With the expanding scale of underground cable pipelines, the stable operation of underground power grid is essential for the orderly development of human production and life. However, once there are foreign objects, defects, or other anomalies in pipelines, it will lead to a series of problems, such as electric discharge, trip, and fire, seriously threatening the life and property safety of surrounding residents. Thus the research on anomaly detection of underground cable pipelines plays an important role. To address the challenges of limited anomaly samples and complex detection, an anomaly detection method for underground cable pipelines is proposed based on reconstruction error. Prior to training, a pseudorandom anomaly generation module is employed to create random anomaly shapes and pair them with random anomaly textures. The anomaly images and corresponding detection result maps produced by this module facilitate self-supervised training and improve the generalization performance of anomaly detection, effectively addressing the dynamic nature of anomalies within the pipeline. This model primarily consists of two encoder–decoder architecture networks, with the first network incorporating the convolutional block attention module in its middle to enhance the feature extraction capability during image reconstruction. The experiments on public dataset MVTec AD and self-build dataset HHU_UP verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method compared with some current existing anomaly detection methods.
ESTABLISHMENT AND ANALYTICAL QUALITY CONTROL OF LABORATORIES FOR HG DETERMINATION IN BIOLOGICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SAMPLES IN THE AMAZON, BRAZIL

During the past 20 years significant amounts of Hg have been released in the Amazonian environment due to goldmining activities. Several Brazilian and foreign research groups have been studying the region, always facing difficulties regarding preservation and transfer of the collected samples from the field to the analytical laboratories. Aiming to solve these problems two high quality Hg analytical laboratories were established in the region. One is 10cated at Fundação Esperança (FE, Santarém, PA), a medical assistance foundation and the other at the Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO. Their main equipment is: Atomic absorption spectrophotometers for Hg analysis (Flow Injection Mercury System-FIAS 400 with automatic samples-AS90-Perkin Elmer) and a microwave oven digestion system (MDS-2000-CEM). Technicians and researchers were trained in several aspects like environmental and human sampling, digestion methods and Hg analysis for biotic and abiotic materiaIs. This training as well as the installation of the mentioned laboratories were the responsibility of the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Intercalibration exercises were performed between several laboratories: Environmental Medicine of Odense University (Denmark), Centre de Toxicologie du Québec, Canada and Occupational Health Sciences (Health-Canada). In the last 18 months the FE laboratory joined the Hg urine analysis intercalibration program of the Laboratory of the Centre of Toxicology in Québec, Canada, reaching accurate results. To date both Amazonian laboratories are able to analyze several different materiaIs: Sediment, soil, fish, urine, hair and blood. The FE laboratory is becoming more specialized in human samples such as urine, blood and hair, while UNIR laboratory deals with environmental samples such as fish, sediment and soil.
The ecological and etiological investigation of ticks and rodents in China: results from an ongoing surveillance study in Zhejiang Province

Objectives This study aimed to analyze the population density of vector ticks and reservoir hosts rodents, and to investigate the relevant pathogen infection in Zhejiang Province, China. Methods In this surveillance study, the data of ticks density were collected with the tick picking method on animal body surface and the drag-flag method, while the rodent density with the night trapping method. The samples of ticks were examined for the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), and blood serum and organs from rodents were subjected for SFTSV, hantavirus, Leptospira, Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi) and Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis) screening in the laboratory. Results From 2017 to 2022 in Zhejiang Province, 16,230 parasitic ticks were found in 1848 positive animals, with the density of parasitic ticks of 1.29 ticks per host animal, and a total of 5,201 questing ticks were captured from 1,140,910 meters of vegetation distance with the questing tick density of 0.46 ticks/flag·100 m. Haemaphysalis longicornis (H. longicornis) was the major species. A total of 2,187,739 mousetraps were distributed and 12,705 rodents were trapped, with the density of 0.58 per 100 trap-nights. Rattus norvegicus was the major species. For SFTSV screening, two groups nymphal ticks of H. longicornis were tested to be positive. For the rodents samples, the Leptospira had a positive rate of 12.28% (197/1604), the hantavirus was 1.00% (16/1604), and the O. tsutsugamushi was 0.15% (2/1332). No positive results were found with SFTSV and Y. pestis in the rodents samples. Conclusion Findings from this study indicated that the ticks and rodents were widely distributed in Zhejiang Province. Particularly, the positive detection of SFTSV, Leptospira, hantavirus and O. tsutsugamushi in ticks or rodents from this area suggested that more attention should be paid to the possibilities of relevant vector-borne diseases occurrence.
Speed Matters: Managing Innovation in the Energy Sector by Building Shared Understanding in the Face of Multiple Clockspeeds

Innovating for the green transition is increasingly important and energy producers and distributors play a central role, as they integrate rapidly emerging, new, and more sustainable technologies into the much slower changing energy system. However, there has been surprisingly little research on how differing temporal perspectives (or clockspeeds) impact innovation, particularly in traditionally slow sectors, such as the energy sector. This is linked to key questions in how to improve shared understanding in contexts with multiple clockspeeds. Thus, in this article, we—for the first time—examine how a shared understanding of differing clockspeeds can be developed in innovation teams in the energy sector. We conducted a quasi-experiment using a timeline-based intervention with 38 practitioners. Our results show that teams with the timeline developed greater actual shared understanding but did not necessarily perceive this improvement compared with teams using generic innovation support. Furthermore, despite working with a timeline intervention, rather than traditional creativity tools, we found no negative impact on the creative performance of the teams. Therefore, we substantially add to the extant literature by highlighting the potentially important role of timelines in supporting the development of shared understanding in creative-innovation contexts with diverse clockspeeds, even though such interventions are not typical of creative-innovation tasks.
Role of Sense-Making between Organizational Change and Change -Supportive Intentions in Contemporary Work Environments

Organizational change has many influences and consequences but existing literature has left many gaps regarding change-supportive intentions as what those people intents about their work that face organizational change. This study is aimed at filling the gap and enhances the existing research of organizational change. A framework comprising of the social cognitive theory is developed and empirically tested using a time-lag research design. Data have been collected from 330 employees using convenient sampling (from public hospitals in Pakistan). The results indicate that change-supportive intentions does not occur because of the hypothesized precursor (organizational change) and that the underlying mechanisms (sense-making) delineated in this research positively and significantly affect intentions of employees. The added significance of the study is its relevance for practitioners with opportunities to manage the factors affecting organizational change and its relationship with employees’ outcomes through appropriate interventions to improve the outcomes. The current study have multiple implications including managerial, academic, economical and social implications. The present study would not only foster change supportive-intentions of an individual employee but it will also impact on increasing the satisfaction level in changing routines post COVID-19 that will ultimately lead towards a better society. When an organization will provide adaptability culture to its employees, it would ultimately lead them towards managing the organizational change occurring due to COVID-19. The study opens new roads of research for further research with regard to the study of organizational change and outcomes additionally with exploring moderator to strengthen the relationship between organizational change and employee related outcome.
In Vitro Analysis of Selected Antioxidant and Biological Properties of the Extract from Large-Fruited Cranberry Fruits

This study investigated the in vitro antioxidant and biological properties of ethanol extracts obtained from the fruits of the highbush cranberry. The produced extracts exhibited a high content of polyphenols (1041.9 mg 100 g d.m.−1) and a high antioxidant activity (2271.2 mg TE g 100 d.m.−1 using the DPPH method, 1781.5 mg TE g 100 d.m.−1 using the ABTS method), as well as a substantial amount of vitamin C (418.2 mg 100 g d.m.−1). These extracts also demonstrated significant in vitro biological activity. Studies conducted on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cellular model revealed the strong antioxidant effects of the extract, attributed to a significant reduction in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the cells, confirming the utility of the extracts in mitigating oxidative stress. Moreover, inhibitory properties were demonstrated against factors activating metabolic processes characteristic of inflammatory conditions. It was observed that the cranberry extract inhibits the activity of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) non-selectively. Additionally, the extract was found to be a highly active inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), potentially suggesting the applicability of this extract in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease.
A free surface capturing discretization for the staggered grid finite difference scheme

The coupling that exists between surface processes and deformation within both the shallow crust and the deeper mantle-lithosphere has stimulated the development of computational geodynamic models that incorporate a free surface boundary condition. We introduce a treat-ment of this boundary condition that is suitable for staggered grid, ﬁnite difference schemes employing a structured Eulerian mesh. Our interface capturing treatment discretizes the free surface boundary condition via an interface that conforms with the edges of control volumes (e.g. a ‘staircase’ representation) and requires only local stencil modiﬁcations to be performed. Comparisons with analytic solutions verify that the method is ﬁrst-order accurate. Additional intermodel comparisons are performed between known reference models to further validate our free surface approximation. Lastly, we demonstrate the applicability of a multigrid solver to our free surface methodology and demonstrate that the local stencil modiﬁcations do not strongly inﬂuence the convergence of the iterative solver.
Resolved Proteinuria May Attenuate the Risk of Heart Failure: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

Although proteinuria is a risk factor for heart failure (HF), proteinuria can be reversible or persistent. Our objective was to explore the link between changes in the proteinuria status and the risk of HF. We included participants from a Korean national health screening cohort who underwent health examinations in 2003–2004 and 2005–2006 and had no history of HF. Participants were categorized into four groups: proteinuria-free, proteinuria-resolved, proteinuria-developed, and proteinuria-persistent. The outcome of interest was the occurrence of HF. The study included 1,703,651 participants, among whom 17,543 (1.03%) were in the proteinuria-resolved group and 4585 (0.27%) were in the proteinuria-persistent group. After a median follow-up period of 14.04 years (interquartile range 14.19–15.07), HF occurred in 75,064 (4.41%) participants. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that the proteinuria-persistent group had a higher risk of HF compared with the proteinuria-free group (hazard ratio (HR): 2.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.03–2.36, p < 0.001). In a further pairwise comparison analysis, participants in the proteinuria-resolved group had a relatively low risk of HF compared with those in the proteinuria-persistent group (HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.58–0.70, p < 0.001). In conclusion, the risk of HF can change with alterations in the proteinuria status.
Pencegahan Karies Gigi Dengan Aplikasi Art (Atraumatic Restorative Treatment) Pada Gigi Molar Pertama Permanent Di Sdn Kurau Kabupaten Tanah Laut Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan

ABSTRAK Berdasarkan riwayat karies serta white spot lesi karies diketahui sebagai indikator terbaik dalam penentuan perkembangan karies. Namun, indikator tersebut tidak dapat mencapai target ketepatan sekitar 80%. Karies atau gigi berlubang adalah permasalahan yang sering dijumpai di rongga mulut. Sesuai data global WHO (2000) menunjukkan 60-90% anak-anak sekolah di negara industri memiliki gigi berlubang. Berdasarkan hasil Riskesdas tahun 2007 di propinsi Kalimantan Selatan persentase penduduk yang bermasalah gigi dan mulutnya menunjukkan angka 29,2%. Kegiatan ini bertujuan mengindentifikasi def-t, DMF-T, melakukan promotif, preventif dan kuratif, yaitu dengan penyuluhan, sikat gigi massal dan aplikasi penambalan dengan penambalan ART pada gigi molar pertama permanent pada murid-murid di SDN Kurau Kabupaten Tanah Laut Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Sasaran pengabdian masyarakat sebanyak 100 murid. Akan tetapi murid yang hadir hanya 44 murid dan 12 orang tua. Hasil pemeriksaan def-t didapatkan angka d=decay atau karies gigi sebanyak 165, e=ekstraksi atau gigi yang tidak bisa dirawat 97 gigi dan f= tambalan adalah 0, sehingga jumlah def-t sebanyak 350 gigi dengan rata- rata 7,98. Sedangkan DMF-T sebanyak 80 gigi dengan rata-rata 1, 82. Angka karies gigi sulung dan permanent tinggi, yaitu setiap anak mempuyai 7-8 lubang gigi untuk gigi sulung sedangan untuk gigi permanent mempunyai lubang gigi 2. Restorasi dengan bahan ART yang dapat dilakukan sebanyak 72 gigi. Dan 2 bulan kemudian dilakukan evaluasi diperoleh hasil 68 gigi masih bertahan dengan tambalan ARTnya sedang 4 gigi sudah lepas ada kemungkinan belum 1 jam gigi tersebut sudah dibuat untuk makan, sehingga tambalan ART belum keras dengan sempurna. Kenyataan yang ditemu dilapangan bahwa karies gigi pada gigi sulung dan gigi permanent masih sangat tinggi yaitu 143 gigi dan 80 gigi pada murid-murid SDN Kurau Kabupaten Tanah Laut dan tindakan yang dapat dilakukan dengan restorasi ART pada gigi molar pertama permanent dan dilakukan rujukan ke puskesmas atau rumah sakit dilakukan perawatan pulpa dan pencabutan gigi. Disarankan untuk dilakukan perawatan pada gigi yang masih bisa dilakukan perawatan yaitu kerjasama guru (pihak sekolah), orang tua dengan pihak Puskesmas. Kata Kunci: Karies Gigi Molar Pertama Permanent, Pencegahan, Restorasi ART