Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Ultrasound‐Assisted Stabilization and Formulation of Almond Milk

Almond extract has unique nutritional properties and it can be used as a nutritive beverage. One of the most important problems in the formulation of almond milk is the physical stability of the final product. In this study, the response surface methodology was used to optimize ultrasound (US) treatment and the amount of modified starch, lecithin and agar with respect to physical stability besides other physical properties such as particle size, viscosity, Brix and color attributes. Our results showed that the US treatment had a significant effect on physical responses (p < 0.05). In order to formulate the final product, stabilized almond milk was formulated using a D-Optimal mixture design by considering sensory evaluation. This study suggests using 8.05 sugar, 0.55 stevia and 6.38% rose water to obtain the best formulation. Rheological properties of the formulated milk showed pseudoplastic behavior, and the power law model had the best fitness to the experimental data. Practical Applications One of the most important problems in formulation of the almond milk as a nutritive beverage is the physical stability of the final product. Ultrasonic treatment and addition of various stabilizers can be useful to improve the stabilization of almond milk. The ultrasound treatment and the amount of modified starch, lecithin and agar were optimized with respect to the physical properties using response surface methodology. The best values for the ultrasound time and the amount of lecithin, modified starch and agar were 4.9 min, 0.09, 1.31% and 0.15, respectively. A D-Optimal mixture design was used to optimize the industrial formulation of final beverage by considering sensory evaluation. This study suggests using 8.05 sugar, 0.55 stevia and 6.38% rose water to obtain the best formulation. Rheological properties of the formulated milk showed that pseudoplastic behavior and power law model had the best fitness to the experimental data.
Calotropis procera (Arka): A Tribal Herb of Utmost Significance

Nature has gifted humans a vast variety of medicinal plants, which are the rich source of bioactive compounds. Calotropis procera is an important medicinal plant that belongs to the family asclepiadaceae. It is commonly known as madar and milkweed plant in english and arka in hindi. It is mostly found in the tropics of asia and africa. Calotropis procera is a highly valued plant in the folk medication system. Each part of the plant is richly endowed with diverse nature of phytochemical constituents like alkaloids, proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates, saponins, terpenes, and flavonoids, etc. These phytochemicals are significantly associated with various therapeutic and pharmacological properties such as anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, antifertility, anti-diarrheal, and spasmolytic. In this review article, the therapeutic and pharmacological value of this important plant has been summarized along with its utilization in the folklore and ayurvedic medicinal system.
Learning Numerosity Representations with Transformers

One of the most rapidly advancing areas of deep learning research aims at creating models that learn to disentangle the latent factors of variation from a data distribution. However, modeling joint probability mass functions is usually prohibitive, which motivates the use of conditional models assuming that some information is given as input. In the domain of numerical cognition, deep learning architectures have successfully demonstrated that approximate numerosity representations can emerge in multi-layer networks that build latent representations of a set of images with a varying number of items. However, existing models have focused on tasks requiring to conditionally estimate numerosity information from a given image. Here we focus on a set of much more challenging tasks, which require to conditionally generate synthetic images containing a given number of items. We show that attention-based architectures operating at the pixel level can learn to produce well-formed images approximately containing a specific number of items, even when the target numerosity was not present in the training distribution.
Myo-Neurografie 1990–2020 entlang der „Wissenspunkte für die EMG-Prüfung“ der DGKN

Zusammenfassung Die „Wissenspunkte für die EMG-Prüfung“ der DGKN (https://dgkn.de/images/richtlinien/RL18_EMG_Wissenpunkte.pdf) sind zuletzt vor 10 Jahren bearbeitet worden. Diese letzte Aktualisierung hatte nur zu geringen Änderungen geführt. Fast alle dieser Punkte sind so im Wesentlichen unverändert aufgelistet, seit der Autor dieser Zeilen EMG betreibt, also seit mehr als 30 Jahren. Hier soll der Versuch unternommen werden, anhand dieser Punkte aufzuzeigen, was sich in dieser Zeit verändert hat, was neu ist, aber auch, was weggefallen ist – oder wegfallen sollte.
Integration of the Infrastructure of Systems Used in Smart Cities for the Planning of Transport and Communication Systems in Cities

Modern mobility and adaptation of transport and communication systems to the requirements of the inhabitants are both inseparable elements of the developed concept of smart cities. One of the important stages in the implementation of this concept is the planning stage, taking into account the complexity and a large number of determinants that impact the effectiveness of decisions related to the planning of transport, communication and logistic systems. The purpose of the article is to lay out a model of a system based on the integration of selected Internet of Things tools used in smart cities to support urban development planning processes in the scope of the ongoing modification of transport, public communication and logistic systems. The model was developed on the basis of the cooperation between the authors and the boards of selected cities’ observations made during the authors’ travels and on the basis of identification and analysis of IT systems types and ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) tools in use within the smart city concept. The need to integrate IoT tools in support of the smart city concept resulted from the synthesis of previous research experience and the existing gap between the capabilities and the scope of applications of the tools in discussion. The results of the analysis allowed to develop a procedure that in an automated way allows to improve the communication, transport and logistics order in the area of interested cities.
Willingness to Pay for Universal Health Coverage Scheme for Maternal and Child Health Care and Services in Benin

Enrolment in a universal health coverage scheme is a way to access health care and services and to reduce the catastrophic health expenditures that plunge already vulnerable populations into extreme poverty. As part of the analysis of the availability and operational capacity of health services in Benin (SARA 2018), an analysis of recipients’ satisfaction and their willingness to pay for Universal Health Coverage scheme was carried out in 2018. This is a cross-sectional study with an analytical focus that covered 475 health facilities and 956 recipients of health care and services selected at random in health care structures and in the community. The dependent variable studied was the willingness to pay for Universal Health Coverage scheme and the explanatory variables were those relating to socio-cultural and economic factors and the reception of the recipient in the care environment. The hybrid bidding game technique was used to estimate the amount to be paid for the Universal Health Coverage scheme. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to analyse the data. The data showed that Beninese people do not have a culture of early care-seeking; they get care when the episode of illness induces a temporary incapacity for work. The results observed showed that the following factors significantly influenced willingness to pay: being able to talk to the doctor, the feeling of being valued and treated with respect, the individual’s ability to pay, access to pain management and temporary incapacity. In conjunction with the willingness to pay for Universal Health Coverage scheme, the payment amount, determined using the contingent valuation method, was 767 FCFA or US$1.43 per month per individual. In view of these results and taking into account the socio-economic realities of the country where approximately 38.5% of the population is poor according to monetary poverty (Benin 2020), the pooling of health insurance coverage appears to be the solution to eliminate the financial barrier and the risks of catastrophic health expenditure. State subsidies for the contributions of populations in extreme poverty also appear necessary to ensure the sustainability, equity and sustainability of the health insurance scheme.
Serial circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) monitoring in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) reveals dynamic profile of actionable alterations.

3572 Background: Serial ctDNA can measure dynamic changes in disease burden over time, however utility of serial profiling to detect changes in actionable alterations remains unclear. Methods: We evaluated 501 patients with ≥3 serial Guardant360 assays performed between 09/2016 and 11/2020 and compared MSI, fusion, amplification and single nucleotide variant (SNV) detection over time. This comprised 2147 assays with a median of 4 assays per patient (min 3, max 18) occurring an average of 163 days apart (+/- SD of 147 days). Maximum detected variant allele frequency in samples (maxVAF) was assessed for relation to changes in detected alterations as a surrogate for tumor volume. Results: Among 406 patients with assays assessable for MSI-status, 17 (4.2%) had MSI detected. New MSI detection on a subsequent assay always occurred with a rising maxVAF (3/3) that was also ≥0.7%, while loss of detectable MSI between assays always associated with falling maxVAFs (7/7) with 6/7 occurring when maxVAF fell below 0.4%. Fusions were noted in 9/501 (2%) patients. Among 3 patients who lost a detectable fusion, maxVAF decreased in 1 patient and changed ≤0.2% between assays in 2, while 2/3 patients with new fusions had rising maxVAFs and 1 patient had a falling maxVAF. Amplifications were detected in 242/501 patients (48%). While most genes had highly variable amplification detection between assays (9% serially detected), ERBB2 amplifications were more consistent and serially detected in 39% of detected cases (P < 0.0001). New detection of amplifications occurred more commonly in cases with rising maxVAF (OR 11.70, 95% CI 7.61-18.00, P < 0.0001) and loss of detectable amplifications occurred more between samples with falling maxVAF (OR 12.37, 95% CI 8.35-18.66, P < 0.0001). Change in maxVAF correlated with change in number of detected amplifications (r = 0.62, P < 0.0001), but only partially explained changes seen (R2= 0.39). Between serial assays, SNVs changed a median of 0 variants (IQR -1 to 1), however some patients had significant changes (max gain 21/max loss 18). Among 1646 serial time points, 454 (28%) had no change in SNVs, 674 (41%) gained SNVs, and 518 (31%) lost SNVs on subsequent assays. Gains were more common in samples with rising maxVAF (OR 7.76, 95% CI 6.18-9.73, P < 0.0001) while losses were more common when maxVAF fell (OR 6.90, 95% CI 5.47-8.66, P < 0.0001). The correlation between maxVAF change and SNV change was significant (r = 0.29, P < 0.0001), but minimally explained SNV changes (R2= 0.086) and was a much weaker association than noted for amplification changes. Conclusions: We noted significant differences in detection of actionable alterations across serial ctDNA assays. Increased ctDNA volume (higher maxVAF) due to tumor progression may explain some variation over time, but variability also occurs outside these changes, likely reflecting clonal evolution following therapy.
Eficácia das limas reciprocantes Reciproc Blue e ProDesign R na remoção de material obturador: Uma revisão integrativa da literatura

The aim of the present study was to conduct an integrative review on the mechanical properties of Reciproc Blue and ProDesign R reciprocating systems and the efficacy of these files in removing root filling materials. The search was carried out on the PUBMED using following combinations of scientific terms: Reciproc Blue, ProDesign R, resistance, mechanical properties, thermal treatment and endodontic retreatment. The research identified 64 articles, of which 29 were selected for the present study. The articles demonstrated the importance of thermomechanical treatment on elasticity and stiffness of Reciproc Blue and ProDesign R endodontic instruments compared to other systems. It was also observed that both files are effective in removing the filling material from the root canal, however both systems failed to remove it completely.
A novel hydrophilic‐modified gas diffusion layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cells operating in low humidification

A novel hydrophilic‐modified gas diffusion layer (GDL) through inserting the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) into the microporous layer is fabricated to elevate the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) under low humidfication. The single fuel cell test confirms that the membrane electrode assembly with 3 wt% addition of PAN in the cathode GDL exhibits a maximum power density of 0.616 W cm−2, which is 30% higher than that of conventional hydrophobic GDL (0.480 W cm−2) under low humidity. This significant enhancement in performance is attributed to the powerful wettability and the pore structure modification of the PAN. Besides, the introduction of PAN shows little influence on the performance of PEMFCs under full humidity. Our findings reported here shed new light on developing a robust GDL that can be used in both low and high humidification.
RpoS Mutation Leads to Prolonged Biofilm Mode of Growth and a Higher Fitness in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Biofilms

BackgroundPseudomonas aeruginosa is a notorious opportunistic pathogen causing various biofilm-related infections. Biofilm formation is a unique microbial strategy that allows P. aeruginosa to survive adverse conditions such as antibiotic treatment and human immune responses. ResultsIn this study, we experimentally evolved P. aeruginosa PAO1 bioﬁlms for cyclic treatment in the presence of high dose of imipenem, and enriched hyperbiofilm mutants within six cycles in two independent lineages. The competition assay showed the evolved hyperbiofilm mutants can outcompete the ancestral strain within biofilm by prolonging the biofilm mode of growth but not in planktonic cultures. Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed the hyperbiofilm phenotype is caused by point mutations in rpoS gene in all independently evolved mutants and the same mutation was found in P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. We further showed that mutation in rpoS enhanced biofilm formation by prolonging the biofilm mode of growth and elevating the intracellular c-di-GMP level. Mutation in rpoS increased pyocyanin production and virulence in both P. aeruginosa laboratory strains and clinical isolates. ConclusionHere, our study revealed that antibiotic treatment of biofilm-related P. aeruginosa infections might induce a hyperbiofilm phenotype via rpoS mutation, which might partially explain antimicrobial treatment failure of many P. aeruginosa biofilm-related infections.
Existence results for a class of boundary value problems for fractional differential equations

Here 2 < ν ≤ 3, D designates the Caputo fractional derivative of order ν , f : J ×R → R is a continuous and u0, ub, ub are real constants. We investigate the existence and uniqueness of solutions for boundary value problems (BVPs) for fractional differential equations. Fractional differential equations have captivated much concentration since they can be practiced in diverse areas of science and engineering. Many phenomena in viscoelasticity, electrochemistry, control theory, porous media, electromagnetism, etc. can be modelled as fractional differential eqautions. For structures, view the documents of Kilbas et al. [16], Kiryakova [17], Miller and Ross [20], Oldham and Spanier [21], Podlubny [22], and Samko et al.[23]. Some the latest improvements to the hypothesis of fractional differential equations may be observed in [1–14, 18, 19, 24–28]. In [5], Bai and Lü studied the BVP of fractional order
Syphilitic Aortitis and Coronary Ostial Stenosis: A Focused Review

Cardiovascular syphilis is a manifestation of tertiary syphilis, and is one that can have many complications, including syphilitic aortitis. In this review article, we review the epidemiology and pathophysiology of syphilitic aortitis and focus in on one of its complication, coronary ostial stenosis. Next, we will discuss the diagnosis and treatment options for both cardiovascular syphilis as well as coronary ostial stenosis. Finally, we present the findings of case reports in patients who had syphilitic aortitis with coronary ostial stenosis and their outcomes.
Cultural Events In The Creative Space Of Veliky Novgorod

The event industry in the world is becoming the driving force needed to revitalize the creative space of cities. Therefore, the problems of the formation of the urban event industry in recent years have attracted close attention from researchers. The important role of cultural events in the process of integrating urbanized landscapes into the sphere of the economy of experience is noted. An analysis of Novgorod historical, ethnographic and gastronomic festivals as a form of event tourism that ensures the development of “cities with a rich history” that use events strategically to improve the quality of life. It is important to identify the conditions when such historical festivals can become the main creative centers, generating innovative tourism products. In particular, it is necessary to determine the role of event projects in the development of creative strategies, as well as in the creation of cultural products in the field of economics and event tourism. It is argued that through effective planning and selection of events, urban events are being updated as a resource that connects the local community with the creative sector and tourists.
Enhancing transferability of adversarial examples via rotation-invariant attacks

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples. However, existing attacks exhibit relatively low efficacy in generating transferable adversarial examples. Improved transferability to address this issue is proposed via a rotation-invariant attack method that maximizes the loss function w.r. t the random rotated image instead of the original input at each iteration, thus mitigating the high correlation between the adversarial examples and the source models and making the adversarial examples more transferable. Extensive experiments show that the proposed method can significantly improve the transferability of the adversarial examples with almost no extra computational cost and can be integrated into various methods. In addition, when this method is easily applied through a plug-in, the average attack success rate against six robustly trained models increases by 5.4% over the state-of-the-art baseline method, demonstrating its effectiveness and efficiency. The codes used are publicly available at https://github.com/YeXinD/Rotation-Invariant-Attack.
Direct and indirect socio‐economic benefits from ecological infrastructure interventions in the Western Cape, South Africa

Investments in the restoration of ecological infrastructure are often promoted as a strategy to achieve win–win outcomes for people and the environment, and often involve the creation of temporary employment. Nevertheless, few studies have attempted to quantify the socio‐economic benefits among workers employed across multiple ecological infrastructure programs. This article examines how workers involved in ecological infrastructure activities perceive the benefits from their employment, and whether their perceptions of benefits correspond with the objectives of the programs. The analysis is based on a case study from the Western Cape, South Africa. We carried out a survey with 175 workers employed by 10 different local programs. The survey was designed to target a broad array of potential benefits including natural, physical, social, financial, and human assets, in order to extend beyond simple measures of income and employment. We find that workers primarily see the program benefits in terms of improved income and short‐term employment, while their natural and physical assets are perceived to be affected less. This is in line with the initial objectives of the ecological infrastructure programs in the Western Cape, since these are not targeting community‐based restoration due to the absence of shared community land. Instead, they are designed to pursue poverty alleviation and social development through short‐term income opportunities drawing on a public works model.
Pan-cancer analysis of CD274 (PD-L1) mutations in 314,631 patient samples and subset correlation with PD-L1 protein expression.

Background The effects of non-amplification short variant (SV) mutations in CD274 (programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)) on PD-L1 protein expression and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) therapy are unknown. Here, we present a retrospective analysis of CD274 mutations detected by comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) and correlate these results with tumor-cell PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based expression assessment to better understand the relationship between mutations and protein expression of PD-L1. Methods CGP was performed on hybridization-captured, adaptor ligation-based libraries using DNA and/or RNA extracted from 314,631 tumor samples that were sequenced for up to 406 cancer-related genes and select gene rearrangements. PD-L1 IHC was performed on a subset of cases (n=58,341) using the DAKO 22C3 PD-L1 IHC assay and scored with the tumor proportion score (TPS). Results Overall, the prevalence of CD274 SV mutations was low (0.3%, 1081/314,631) with 577 unique variants. The most common CD274 SV mutations were R260H (n=51), R260C (n=18), R125Q (n=12), C272fs*13 (n=11), R86W (n=10), and R113H (n=10). The prevalence of CD274 mutations varied depending on tumor type with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (1.9%, 19/997), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (1.6%, 14/868), endometrial adenocarcinoma (1.0%, 36/3740), unknown primary melanoma (0.9%, 33/3679), and cutaneous melanoma (0.8%, 32/3874) having the highest frequency of mutations. Of the R260H cases concurrently tested with PD-L1 IHC, most (81.8%, 9/11) had no PD-L1 expression, which contrasts to the five E237K cases where most (80%, 4/5) had PD-L1 expression. In addition, we saw a significantly lower level of PD-L1 expression in samples with a clonal truncating variant (nonsense or frameshift indel) when compared with samples with a subclonal truncating variants (mean: TPS=1 vs TPS=38; p Conclusions We defined the landscape of CD274 mutations in a large cohort of tumor types that can be used as a reference for examining CD274 mutations as potential resistance biomarkers for ICPI. Furthermore, we presented novel data on the correlation of CD274 mutations and PD-L1 protein expression, providing important new information on the potential functionality of these mutations and can serve as a basis for future research.