Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acquisition and Recovery of Full-Waveform LIDAR Data Based on Compressive Sensing

The full-waveform technology in the small footprint airborne LIDAR systems has enabled us to sample and record the whole returned waveform of a laser shot. Under most conditions the full-waveform signals satisfy the K-sparse condition and thus can be sampled and recovered using the theory of compressive sensing. This paper proposes a new compressive-sensing-based data acquisition and processing method, by which the returned signals are sampled in small number by a Toeplitz-like matrix, and the target cross sections and the full-waveforms are approximated and recovered by GPRS algorithm. The feasibility of this method is verified by simulated experiments under both ideal conditions and non-ideal conditions with noises. The advantage of this method lies in that requirement for the slew rate of the ADC is lowered, which is convenient for the data storage and transmission .
Elimination of extra spring effect at the step-up anchor of surface-micromachined structure

This paper describes the concept, analysis, fabrication, and testing of a new anchor for surface-micromachined beams. The anchor is designed to eliminate the extra spring effect at the step-up anchor common in conventional surface-micromachined beams, so that the boundary condition follows the ideal anchoring condition more accurately. The idea is to form a reinforcement hump at the beam anchor through a minor modification in the sacrificial-layer mask. No modification in the fabrication process is necessary. Formation of the reinforcement hump is tested using the multiuser MEMS Process (MUMP) foundry service at the Microelectronics Center of North Carolina (MCNC). The effectiveness of the new anchor is analyzed by finite-element analysis based on the actual anchor geometry obtained from the fabrication directly. Experimental verification is provided by making overhanging microcantilever pairs, one with the new anchor and the other with conventional, through MUMP's and postprocessing and comparing their frequency responses. Small-signal frequency response measurements are made with a modified Michaelson interferometer. Resonant frequency of a 2-/spl mu/m-thick 300-/spl mu/m-long polysilicon cantilever with the new anchor differed by less than 0.1% from the ideal anchor case. In comparison, the resonant frequency of the same beam with a conventional anchor is off by over 1%.
Nonlinear dynamic system modeling based on neural state space model

In this paper, an approach of nonlinear system modeling based on neural state space model is proposed. The neural state space model is of the quasi-linear characteristics of system, therefore, many linear system controller design approach can be extended to apply to the NNSP models. The EKF approach is adopted for parameter identification of neural state space models and a High-order correction method is then applied to test the validity of the neural state space model of nonlinear systems. The application of this method to dynamic modeling of typical chemical processes shows that the presented approach is effective.
Offset cylindrical reflector antenna fed by a parallel-plate Luneburg lens for automotive radar applications in mm-wave

Using a single offset cylindrical parabolic reflector and an improved parallel-plate Luneburg lens, a novel antenna is developed for automotive radar in the mm-wave range. By adding linearly- or circularly-corrugated extensions to the parallel-plate Luneburg lens, a cylindrical wave illuminates the reflector, and hence good performances are achieved. Using GO, the aperture field of the antenna is found and then far-fields of the entire antenna are derived using the aperture field integration method. Design procedures of the entire antenna are presented. For verification of design rules and simulation, a prototype antenna for an adaptive cruise control (ACC) radar at 76.5 GHz is designed and measured. The antenna has properties of a relatively wide scan angle and multiple beams.
Long-Term Stability of Alveolar Bone Graft in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: Alveolar bone grafts are the golden standard in treating patients with oral cleft and hence, the long-term success of this treatment is the subject of many studies. The aim of this study was to systematically review literature that examined the long-term stability of alveolar bone grafting in patients with cleft lip and palate. Methods: In this study, data was collected via a comprehensive search of random and nonrandom studies evaluating the success of bone grafts in patients with cleft lip and palate in ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, Medline, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from the beginning until July 3, 2020. Also, a search was conducted for ongoing studies in the trial registry and a hand search of related gray literature and references of the relevant studies. The relevant data of the included studies were extracted using predefined extraction forms. Meta-analysis was performed using inverse-variance for calculating the pooled outcome of outcome measures. The pooled mean success rate of alveolar bone graft and mean difference of cleft volume after 1 year was presented as the outcome of the analysis. Results: Eight studies (1 randomized clinical trial study and 7 controlled prospective studies) were included in this meta-analysis. The results of the analyses showed that the total percentage of secondary alveolar success in the follow-up period of at least 1 year according to the Bergland index was 76.52% (pooled success = 76.52%, 44.92–98.10). Also, bone defect in the cleft area reduced significantly after bone grafting (MD = 0.62 cm3, 0.48–0.75, P < 0.00001). The total percentage of bone filling after 1 year and according to CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) was about 63.38%, and the rate of definite natural eruption of canine within the graft was 80.89%. Conclusions: The total success rate of secondary alveolar bone grafting in the follow-up period of at least 1 year was clinically significant and alveolar bone grafting significantly reduced bone defect volume. Also, there was no difference in the amount of bone remaining after 1 year in patients whose canine had erupted through the grafted bone and in those whose canine had not erupted.
Evenemangsmarknadsföringens organisering: Interaktion mellan aktörer på ett politiskt torg

This thesis comprises five papers discussing two case studies – the mega-event World Championships in Athletics 1995 in Goteborg and the regional festival Storsjoyran in Ostersund, Sweden. The study adopts an organisational-theoretical perspective and focus on both intra- and interorganisational aspects of the marketing work. The purpose is to understand the structure and the processes of the organising of the marketing of events, and how renewal of an event is performed. An overview of the literature of marketing events is presented. The literature, however, has a normative and practical orientation – it views the environment as relatively stable and predictable and people as rational and decision-oriented. Instead a theoretical frame of reference was developed, which contains theories on temporary organisations and project networks based on case studies. The result of the study shows that the rationality of the intraorganisational marketing work was action-oriented and emergent rather than decision-oriented and planned. When time is limited, and the environment is complex and changing, action is prioritised over planning. Actors adapted to a changing market and at the same time performed creative renewal of the event in order to produce an attractive event product. Thus, the marketing work was both reactive and proactive. Processes of renewal included various ways of encouraging the emergence of new ideas and creative solutions, such as brain storming, imitation of similar products and influences from the environment. Two processes of renewal was identified – institutionalised and emergent. An important emergent renewal process identified was improvisation. As an idea, the event creates an imaginary space where actors project their imaginations on how the event can fulfil their interests. This space equals the political market square (PSQ) – a metaphor used in this study to understand the inter-organisational marketing of an event. The PSQ adopts a pluralistic frame of reference, i.e. it places emphasis on the diversity of group interests, regards conflict as an inherent characteristic of organisational affairs and regards power as a crucial variable through which conflicts are resolved. The Political Market Square metaphor illustrate the more or less limited access to participating in the marketing of an event and the interaction processes based on conflict and consensus, which, in turn, lead to turbulent or stable change dynamics. (Less)
Chromatic dispersion effects in electro-optical upconverted millimetre-wave fibre optic links

Chromatic dispersion effects in upconverted millimetre-wave fibre optic links employing electro-optical modulators are investigated. It is shown that by biasing the electro-optical modulator at the the minimum transmission point, instead of biasing at the quadrature point, the dispersion-induced carrier suppression effect on the upconverted signal may be sharply mitigated, which results in an increased frequency-length product in millimetre-wave optical systems.
Optimal Planning of charging station for electric vehicle based on particle swarm optimization

How to determine location and scale of electric vehicle charging station is a new problem for many researchers. A comprehensive objective function considering geographic information, construction cost and running cost is built in this paper. In objective function, construction cost consists of land cost, and investment in distribution transformer. Running cost includes power supply losses and with traffic flow as constraint conditions, which scientifically and comprehensively reflects the substance problem of locating and sizing of electric vehicle charging station. Electric vehicle charging station locating and sizing is a non-convex, nonlinear, and combinatorial optimization problem. On the basis of the established objective function, an adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) algorithm is proposed to solve the problem in this paper. The proposed algorithm and optimization model are tested by a planning example of charging station for electric vehicle to verify the feasibility and effectiveness.
Investigation on rapid solidification of waste dredged sludge with magnesium phosphate cement modified by GGBFS

Abstract The main concern of this paper is to understand the influences of industrial by-products ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) on the properties of waste dredged sludge solidified by magnesium phosphate cement (MPC), which were determined in terms of the fluidity, setting characteristic, temperature evolution, mechanical properties, spontaneous imbibition, water absorption, electroosmosis, leachate and shrinkage behavior. The obtained results indicated that when the ratio of GGBFS to MgO was 5:5, the GGBFS-modified solidified sludge (SS) had fast setting performance, suitable hydration temperature and good mechanical properties. GGBFS can react with NH4H2PO4 and improve overall performance. Proper amount of slag can significantly improve the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) which was attributed to chemical reaction, filling effect and dilution effect. The imbibition indexes of the SS were approximately linear with the square root of time. Moreover, the microstructure and the hydration products were tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The experimental results illustrated that the filling effect and reaction of the GGBFS make the structure denser and the skeleton connection strengthened, forming new hydration products such as MgNH4PO4·6H2O, AlPO4, MgHPO4·3H2O, Mg(OH)2, Mg3(PO4)2, (NH4)2Ca(HPO4)2·H2O, Ca(NH4)2·(HPO4)2·H2O, Ca(H2PO2)2.
Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs

Abstract : This paper introduces a technical review approach that is a blend of a stakeholder-centric, scenario-based, architecture evaluation method such as the Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method (ATAM), and an active design review (ADR) of design specifications. There is a need for a technical review of a design that is finer-grained than an architecture, but not yet completely documented. Such a review exposes the design to its user community of application programmers, and allows for early feedback on the overall approach, before the design is institutionalized in a detailed specification. This paper describes a recently piloted software design review technique that we call Active Review for Intermediate Designs (ARID). A hybrid of ADRs and the ATAM, ARID fills a niche in the spectrum of technical design techniques between architecture at one end, and design specification documents at the other.
Multivariate temporal data analysis ‐ a review

The information technology revolution, especially with the adoption of the Internet of Things, longitudinal data in many domains become more available and accessible for secondary analysis. Such data provide meaningful opportunities to understand process in many domains along time, but also challenges. A main challenge is the heterogeneity of the temporal variables due to the different types of data, whether a measurement or an event, and type of samplings: fixed or irregular. Other variables can be also events that may or not have duration. In this review, we discuss the various types of temporal data, and the various relevant analysis methods. Starting with fixed frequency variables, with forecasting and time series methods, and proceeding with sequential data, and sequential patterns mining, and time intervals mining for events having various time duration. Also the use of various deep learning based architectures for temporal data is discussed. The challenge of heterogeneous multivariate temporal data analysis and discuss various options to deal with it, focusing on an increasingly used option of transforming the data into symbolic time intervals through temporal abstraction and the use of time intervals related patterns discovery for temporal knowledge discovery, clustering, classification prediction, and more. Finally, we discuss the overview of the field, and areas in which more studies and contributions are needed.
Importance de la paramétrisation hydrodynamique des premiers centimètres du sol pour la modélisation des flux de surface en Afrique de l’Ouest

Le couplage entre la surface et l’atmosphère est une des clés pour comprendre la variabilité climatique en Afrique de l’ouest, notamment la sécheresse sahélienne. Au sein des processus de surface impliqués dans un tel couplage, les processus hydrologiques jouent un rôle déterminant. En particulier, les flux d’eau sont contrôlés par les propriétés physiques des premiers centimètres du sol. A l’aide d’un modèle de surface continentale on montre qu’il est possible d’améliorer la partition de l’énergie radiative entre flux de chaleur latente et sensible en freinant les échanges d’eau à travers la couche de surface. Un test de sensibilité à l’échelle de l’Afrique de l’ouest indique qu’une telle calibration entraîne une forte modification du bilan d’énergie de surface par rapport à la version standard, en particulier dans la région sahélienne où la fraction du sol nu est élevée, ce qui démontre l’importance de l’hydrodynamique des premiers centimètres du sol pour la modélisation du climat dans cette région.
Antecedents of professionals’ self-efficacy in professional service firms: effects of external source credibility and content quality

Purpose Professional service firm (PSF) performance depends on the accumulation and application of specialist knowledge to find customised solutions to customer problems. However, available research has not examined whether knowledge acquired from external sources affects PSF outcomes by strengthening professionals’ beliefs rather than only by increasing technical competency. Drawing on self-efficacy theory, this study tests a model that links the quality of content acquired from external sources and the credibility of those sources to professionals’ self-efficacy and, in turn, to PSF outcomes (solution quality and firm performance). In particular, this paper aims to consider the case of professional content exchanged through professional social media. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional research design was applied. Data were collected from a sample of 208 accountants, auditors and lawyers who used professional social media and were analysed using covariance-based structural equation modelling. Findings When accessing professional content from external sources, source credibility and content quality are significant antecedents of professionals’ self-efficacy, which, in turn, has positive effects on PSF outcomes (solution quality and PSF performance). Research limitations/implications Self-efficacy plays a key role in the link between knowledge acquired from external sources (professional content) and PSF outcomes. Practical implications This study provides recommendations and actionable insights for PSFs, professionals and other actors who create and exchange professional content. Professional associations may also take an active role by contributing and sharing credible and high-quality content, using, for example, professional social media. Originality/value This paper advances the current understanding of the effects of professionals’ access to content from external sources on PSF outcomes. It provides an explanation of these effects based on the enhancement of professionals’ beliefs instead of their technical competencies, as indicated in previous research. In addition, it is the first research effort to consider professional social media as a communication channel to exchange content that affects the self-efficacy of PSF professionals.
Combining Willow Compost and Peat as Media for Juvenile Tomato Transplant Production

In 2019–2020, a study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of willow composts as a substrate or substrate component in tomato transplant cultivation. In 2019, 4-year-old chopped willow biomass (mostly chips <2 cm long) was formed into four compost prisms: S0—willow compost without additives; SN—willow compost with the addition of nitrogen; SF—willow compost with the addition of wood-decaying mycelium; and SFN—willow compost with the addition of wood-decaying mycelium and nitrogen. Willow compost was rated as a homogeneous substrate (S0, SN, SF, and SFN) and as a substrate component with peat (P), mixed in willow:peat ratios such as 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25, in the variants S0:P, SN:P, SF:P, and SFN:P. For reference, deacidified peat was used as a homogeneous substrate. The study showed that willow compost could be used as a renewable plant material replacing peat. The best parameters (plant height, leaf span, number of leaves, and especially the highest weight) were found in tomato transplants grown in the SF:P and SFN:P substrates and at a 25:75 ratio. It was found that the addition of nitrogen to the compost, in order to obtain a wide C:N ratio, negatively affected the initial growth of tomato plants.
Changing sub-Arctic tundra vegetation upon permafrost degradation: impact on foliar mineral element cycling

Abstract. Arctic warming and permafrost degradation are modifying northern ecosystems through changes in microtopography, soil water dynamics, nutrient availability, and vegetation succession. Upon permafrost degradation, the release of deep stores of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, from newly thawed permafrost stimulates Arctic vegetation production. More specifically, wetter lowlands show an increase in sedges (as part of graminoids), whereas drier uplands favor shrub expansion. These shifts in the composition of vegetation may influence local mineral element cycling through litter production. In this study, we evaluate the influence of permafrost degradation on mineral element foliar stocks and potential annual fluxes upon litterfall. We measured the foliar elemental composition (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mn, P, S, Si, and Zn) of ∼ 500 samples of typical tundra plant species from two contrasting Alaskan tundra sites, i.e., an experimental sedge-dominated site (Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research, CiPEHR) and natural shrub-dominated site (Gradient). The foliar concentration of these mineral elements was species specific, with sedge leaves having relatively high Si concentration and shrub leaves having relatively high Ca and Mn concentrations. Therefore, changes in the species biomass composition of the Arctic tundra in response to permafrost thaw are expected to be the main factors that dictate changes in elemental composition of foliar stocks and maximum potential foliar fluxes upon litterfall. We observed an increase in the mineral element foliar stocks and potential annual litterfall fluxes, with Si increasing with sedge expansion in wetter sites (CiPEHR), and Ca and Mn increasing with shrub expansion in drier sites (Gradient). Consequently, we expect that sedge and shrub expansion upon permafrost thaw will lead to changes in litter elemental composition and therefore affect nutrient cycling across the sub-Arctic tundra with potential implications for further vegetation succession.
Successive Chebyshev pseudospectral convex optimization method for nonlinear optimal control problems

This article aims at proposing a successive Chebyshev pseudospectral convex optimization method for solving general nonlinear optimal control problems (OCPs). First, Chebyshev pseudospectral discrete scheme is used to discretize a general nonlinear OCP. At the same time, a convex subproblem is formulated by using the first‐order Taylor expansion to convexify the discretized nonlinear dynamic constraints. Second, a trust‐region penalty term is added to the performance index of the subproblem, and a successive convex optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the subproblem iteratively. Noted that the trust‐region penalty parameters can be adjusted according to the linearization error in iterative process, which improves convergence rate. Third, the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions of the subproblem are derived, and furthermore, a proof is given to show that the algorithm will iteratively converge to the subproblem. Additionally, the global convergence of the algorithm is analyzed and proved, which is based on three key lemmas. Finally, the orbit transfer problem of spacecraft is used to test the performance of the proposed method. The simulation results demonstrate the optimal control is bang‐bang form, which is consistent with the result of theoretical proof. Also, the algorithm is of efficiency, fast convergence rate, and high accuracy. Therefore, the proposed method provides a new approach for solving nonlinear OCPs online and has great potential in engineering practice.
Application of frequency correlation function to radar target detection

Analysis of high-resolution 35 GHz synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery of terrain reveals that when point targets, such as vehicles, are viewed at angles close to grazing incidence, they are often difficult to distinguish from tree trunks because the radar cross section (RCS) intensities of the vehicles are comparable to the upper end of the RCS exhibited by tree trunks. To resolve the point target/tree trunk ambiguity problem, a detailed study was conducted to evaluate the use of new detection features based on the complex frequency correlation function (FCF). This paper presents an analytical examination of FCF and its physical meaning, the results of a numerical simulation study conducted to evaluate the performance of a detection algorithm that uses FCF, and the corroboration of theory with experimental observations conducted at 35 and 95 GHz. The FCF-based detection algorithm was found to correctly identify tree trunks as such in over 90% of the cases, while exhibiting a false alarm rate of only 3%.