Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Spontaneous Autoimmune Diabetes in Diabetes-Prone BB Rats by Prophylactic Treatment with Antirat Interferon- (cid:103) Antibody

The role of endogenous interferon- (cid:103) (IFN (cid:103) ) in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in diabetes-prone BB rats was evaluated. Several groups of these animals were treated under different experimental conditions with a purified polyclonal antibody (Ab), antirat IFN (cid:103) . The results show that when administered at doses of 100 or 200 (cid:109) g/week from the 30/33th until the 105th day of age, the anti-IFN (cid:103) Ab reversibly reduced the incidence of IDDM compared to that in control rats treated with either irrelevant rabbit IgG or PBS. Moreover, when given up to the 105th day of age, these doses of anti-IFN (cid:103) Abs exerted comparable preventive effects regardless of whether application started as early as within 24 h after birth or at the end of the prediabetic period ( e.g. 70/75 days). In contrast, under none of the above ex- perimental conditions did larger doses of anti-IFN (cid:103) Ab (500 (cid:109) g or 1 mg/week) exert antidiabetogenic effects in the BB rats. Appar- ently, this was due to the exuberant production of neutralizing Abs elicited by the large amount of the xenogeneic Ab injected. At histoimmunological analyses, the BB rats treated with 200 (cid:109) g/ week anti-IFN (cid:103) Abs from 30–80 days of age exhibited a milder insulitic process along with diminished spleen frequency of activated lymphoid cells (MHC class II and interleukin-2 receptor positive). Taken together, these results provide further in vivo evidence for the central pathogenic role of IFN (cid:103) in BB rat IDDM and anticipate the usefulness of specific IFN (cid:103) inhibitors in the prevention of the disease in the clinical setting. Defining novel and less immunogenic forms of specific IFN (cid:103) inhibitors than xenogeneic Abs is important for improving the efficiency of anti-IFN (cid:103) - oriented approaches. ( Endocrinology 138: 281–288, 1997)
On the ergodic performance of a simple closed-loop spatial multiplexing architecture

Cognitive radio system shares the frequency spectrum with the license system. As a result, the dramatic improvement of the frequency usage efficiency can be expected. Since the cognitive radio system is independent from the license system, it should recognize the wireless communication parameter of the license system, such as frequency, modulation scheme, and so on. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, which can transmit multiple data signals with using single frequency spectrum, is applied to cognitive radio, and thus frequency use efficiency is more significantly improved. In MIMO-cognitive radio system, when new cognitive user tries to use the frequency resource, it is necessary that the new user should detect the number of parallel transmitted symbols which the license user transmit, because the new user should remove the interference signals whose number is the same as that of data symbol transmitted by the license user. In this paper, in MIMO-cognitive radio system, the novel method for recognizing the number of parallel data symbols is proposed.
Asset Prices and Portfolio Choice with Learning from Experience

We study asset prices and portfolio choice with overlapping generations where the young disregard history to learn from own experience. Disregarding history implies less precise estimates of consumption growth, which, in equilibrium, leads the young to increase their investment in risky assets after positive returns or act as trend chasers and to lose wealth to the old. Consistent with findings from survey data, the average belief about expected returns in the economy relates negatively to future realized returns and is smoother than objective expected returns. Having especially bad experiences early on in life, cause persistent disagreement and tilt portfolio weights.
Lexical Meaning in Context: A Web of Words

Preface Part I. Foundations: 1. Lexical meaning and predication 2. Types and lexical meaning 3. Previous theories of prediction Part II. Theory: 4. Type composition logic 5. The complex type 6. Type presuppositions in TCL Part III. Development: 7. Restricted predication 8. Rethinking coercion 9. Other coercions 10. Syntax and type transformations 11. Modification, coercion and loose talk 12. Generalizations and conclusions Part IV. Coda: References Index.
Cantag: an Open Source Software Toolkit for Designing and Deploying Marker-based Vision Systems

This paper presents Cantag, an open source software toolkit for building Marker-based Vision (MBV) systems that can identify and accurately locate printed markers in three dimensions. The extensibility of the system makes it ideal for dynamic location and pose determination in pervasive computing systems. Unlike prior MBV systems, Cantag supports multiple fiducial shapes, payload types, data sizes and image processing algorithms in one framework. It allows the application writer to generate a custom tag design and associated optimised executable for any given application. The system includes a test harness which can be used to quantify, compare and contrast the performance of different designs. This paper explores the design space of tags within the Cantag system, and describes the design parameters and performance characteristics which an application writer can use to select the best tag system for any given scenario. It presents quantitative analysis of different markers and processing algorithms, which are compared fairly for the first time.
The Discussion on Evaluation and Sustainable Development Models of Traditional Villages in Western Mountainous Area of Beijing——A Case Study of Traditional Villages in Mentougou District of Beijing

The western mountainous area is an important ecological belt to Beijing City.The populations in this area and economic models existing are directing factors to influence and damage mountain landscape,ecology and environment.But with historical relations to Hebei Province and others regions,this area is a special belt of Beijing ancient culture system.One of the culture types is traditional villages.Many traditional villages have been reserved in the western area of Beijing especially in Mentougou District with local characteristics and historical cultural heritages.The traditional villages are the important and special landscape and tourism resources now.Based on the systematical investigations and combined with the longevity,integrality,locality,coordination and typicality,this paper calculated evaluation index(E~i_(tl)=(i=1)j=1P~e_iE~(ij)_(tv)) by which evaluated the traditional villages and divided the traditional villages into three levels which are heritages villages(E~i_(tv)∈(4,6]),special villages(E~i_(tv)∈(1,4])and preserved villages(E~i_(tv)∈(6,9]). According to this,the mechanisms of sustainable development must insist on conserving and exploitations with different levels and different types,substituting living there with visiting and tourism,and discovered and experienced the landscape cognation rhythm of traditional villages.Based on the mechanism research of traditional villages sustainable development,we do more discussions on six sustainable development models of traditional villages which are folkways and rural museum,natural and cultural villages and tourism center,human and eco-system practice and education base,recreational belt and leisure town,and entertainment manor and timeshare vocation base and rural sybject tourism development.
Guaranteed Intervals for Kolmogorov's Theorem (and Their Possible Relation to Neural Networks) Гарантированные Интервалы Для Теоремы Колмогорова И Их Возможная Связь С Сетями Нейронов 2 Definitions and the Main Result

In the article we prove a constructive-mathematics version of Kolmogorov's theorem. In 1957 a solution to one of Hilbert's problems was proved by Kol-mogorov. It actually shows that an arbitrary function can be implemented by a 3-layer neural network with appropriate activation functions. Such a solution has been transformed to the fast iterative algorithm, converges well, but does not provide a guaranteed approximation accuracy. In 1991 Kurkova proposed another algorithm that ensures a given accuracy, however, by means of increasing the number of neurons while the accuracy ε → ∞ and so does the complexity of the approximating network. In this paper we describe algorithms that generate the activation functions with guaranteed accuracy and keep number of hidden neurons independent on ε. 1 A little bit of history, and a formulation of a problem Before Hilbert [3]. Since ancient times, people know how to solve linear equations a 0 + a 1 x = 0. Starting from Babylonians, we can also solve quadratic equations a 0 + a 1 x + a 2 x 2 = 0. In the 16th century, Tartaglia, Cardan, and Ferrari showed how to solve cubic and quartic equations. Numerous attempts to find a general solution for algebraic equations a 0 + a 1 x + · · · + a n x n = 0 (1) of 5th and higher order resulted in a famous proof by Galois that there is no way to express such solutions in terms of basic algebraic operations a solution of equation (1), cannot be represented as a superposition of basic algebraic operations. 1900: Hilbert's 13th problem. David Hilbert noticed that all basic algebraic operations are functions of one or two variables. So, he formulated a natural hypothesis: that not only one cannot express the solution of higher-order algebraic equations in terms of basic algebraic operations, but no matter what functions of one or two variables we add to these operations, we still won't be able to express the general solution. Hilbert even included this hypothesis (under No. 13) into the list of 23 major problems that he formulated in 1900 as a challenge for the 20th century. 1957: Kolmogorov's solution. This problem remained a challenge until 1957, when (rather unexpectedly) Kolmogorov [9] proved that an arbitrary continuous function f Guaranteed Intervals for Kolmogorov's Theorem 185 dimension n) can be represented as a composition of addition and some functions of …
The impact of opioids, anticholinergic medications and disease progression on the prescription of laxatives in hospitalized palliative care patients: a retrospective analysis

Definitive risk factors for constipation in palliative care remain poorly defined. A retrospective analysis of 211 admissions to a palliative care unit was undertaken, with the main aim being to identify some factors, which influence laxative prescription. On univariate analysis, significant unadjusted associations were found between two or more prescribed laxatives and a diagnosis of malignancy, morphine equivalent dose, type of illness phase and the subsequent phase type, length of phase, anticholinergic load imposed by medications, symptom severity and functional status. Multiple ordinal logistic regressions revealed the prescription of one laxative to be significantly associated with oral morphine-equivalent dose, total anticholinergic load (odds ratio [OR] 1.4, 95% CI = 1.0—2.0), disease progression to terminal phase and death (OR 0.1, 95% CI = 0.0—0.3), and length of phase (OR 1.1, 95% CI = 1.0—1.2). Similar results were obtained for the prescription of two or more laxatives. Two additional measures of function, toileting (OR 3.6, 95% CI = 1.6—8.2) and transfer (OR 0.4 95% CI = 0.2—0.9), also became significant. Total anticholinergic load was significantly associated with the prescription of a single laxative (OR 1.4, 95% CI = 1.0—2.0) and two or more laxatives (OR 1.8, 95% CI = 1.3—2.5) for each unit increase in anticholinergic load. Opioids and in particular opioids prescribed at higher doses, the total anticholinergic load associated with prescribed medications, the degree of impaired physical function of a person, their length of stay in a palliative care unit and their proximity to death were all strongly related to the prescription of laxatives.
A novel higly accurate current mirror

A novel current mirror that can work in weak and strong inversion is proposed. The mirror is capable of copying current down to nano-ampere range. The proposed scheme eliminates the DC matching error caused by the difference between drain-to-source voltages of both input and output transistors. The proposed configuration was verified using ORCAD simulator in 0. 8µm CMOS process technology. Simulation results confirm the functionality and accuracy of the approach.
Compact Tunable 10 W picosecond Sourcebased on Yb-doped Fiber Amplification of Gain Switch Laser Diode

— A compact tunable 10 W picosecond source based on Yb-doped fiber amplification of gain switch laser diode has been demonstrated. A gain switch semiconductor laser diode was used as the seed source, and a multi-stage single mode Yb-doped fiber preamplifier was combined with two large mode area double-clad Yb-doped fiber main amplifiers to construct the amplification system. The tunable pulses with high stability and excellent beam quality (M 2 <1.2) of 10 W average power 150 ps pulse duration at 1 MHz repetition rate were obtained. The central wavelength with the line width of 2.5-3 nm was tunable from 1053 nm to 1073 nm.
Brain Machine Interface

In this project, the idea is to develop a prosthetic arm controlled by brain signals and MEMS, which will aid the difficulties faced by the physically challenged. The arm provided does the work of picking and placing a small object from one place to another. The arm movements are based on the brain signals, it pretends to do the actions like a natural human hand. The human brain produces different forms of electrical signals when subjected to a thought which are of different amplitudes and frequencies. These signals are basically classified into five different types and are called alpha, beta, gamma, delta and theta. These signals are retrieved by use of electrodes placed on the epidermal layer i.e., the outer skin layer of the skull. This method is called Electroencephalography (EEG) technique. After receiving signal from brain the signals are amplified using an Instrumentation amplifier, because the retrieved signal will be of very low amplitude. This amplified signal is compared with output of MEMS by AND logic. MEMS will detect head movement which is used to project arm in x and y direction. A photodiode sensor is used to grab the object and release it in targeted place. Keyword: EEG, MEMS, LCD, ALE, IR, ADC.
The Effect of Capital Adequacy on Returns of Assets of Commercial Banks in Kosovo

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of capital adequacy on the return of assets to the banking sector in Kosovo. The capital adequacy ratio measures the ability of a financial institution to meet its liabilities by comparing its capital with its assets. As the banking system is one of the strongest points of our country's economy, it is understood that the capital adequacy ratio is used by banks to determine the adequacy of their capital holdings while taking their risk exposures into account.This study will provide empirical evidence of the relationship between capital adequacy and return on commercial bank assets in Kosovo during 2008-2017. It will be using secondary data obtained from audited reports of domestic banks and reports from the Central Bank of Kosovo. To measure the empirical results during this research, these econometric methods have been used: the linear regression model, the model of the fixed effects, and the random model and the GMM model. Based on the results we can conclude that capital adequacy has a positive impact on asset returns and has a significant relationship. In addition, other factors have had a positive and negative impact on the return of commercial banks' assets in Kosovo. Keywords: capital adequacy, return on assets, loans, deposits, interest rates.JEL Classification: G21, G31, G32
Preattentive reading and selective attention for document image analysis

PixED (from Pixel to Electronic Document) is aimed at converting document images into structured electronic documents which can be read by a machine for information retrieval. The approach is based on the combination of perception and symbol reading which are the two processes involved when humans detect the organisation of a document. "Preattentive reading" denotes the physical segmentation related to perceptual organisation. "Selective attention" means that symbol reading is limited to specific sequences of symbols or to pre-attentively selected locations. An OCR provides the primary structured description of the document. PixED improves the quality of this description, completes the physical segmentation and adds a logical description. A distributed software architecture and an incremental strategy are defined to enable the integration of perception and symbol reading. The approach is tested on a set of documents composed of several pages which are gathered from proceedings of scientific conferences.
Does ambiguity aversion reinforce risk aversion? Applications to portfolio choices and asset pricing

It is often suggested that ambiguity aversion makes individuals more precautionary, thereby offering a potential explanation for the equity premium puzzle. We show that this is not true in general. We consider a model in which risk-and-ambiguity-averse agents can invest in an unambiguously safe asset and in an ambiguous risky asset. We exhibit some sufficient conditions to guarantee that, ceteris paribus, an increase in ambiguity aversion reduces the demand for the ambiguous risky asset, and raises the equity premium. For example, this is the case when the set of plausible distributions of returns can be ranked according to the monotone likelihood ratio order. We also show how ambiguity aversion distorts the price kernel.
Sequences of regressions and their dependences

Ordered sequences of univariate or multivariate regressions provide statistical models for analysing data from randomized, possibly sequential interventions, from cohort or multi-wave panel studies, but also from cross-sectional or retrospective studies. Conditional independences are captured by what we name regression graphs, provided the generated distribution shares some properties with a joint Gaussian distribution. Regression graphs extend purely directed, acyclic graphs by two types of undirected graph, one type for components of joint responses and the other for components of the context vector variable. We review the special features and the history of regression graphs, derive criteria to read all implied independences of a regression graph and prove criteria for Markov equivalence that is to judge whether two different graphs imply the same set of independence statements. Knowledge of Markov equivalence provides alternative interpretations of a given sequence of regressions, is essential for machine learning strategies and permits to use the simple graphical criteria of regression graphs on graphs for which the corresponding criteria are in general more complex. Under the known conditions that a Markov equivalent directed acyclic graph exists for any given regression graph, we give a polynomial time algorithm to find one such graph.
The speed of propagation for KPP type problems. I: Periodic framework

This paper is devoted to some nonlinear propagation phenomena in periodic and more general domains, for reaction-diffusion equations with Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piskunov (KPP) type nonlinearities. The case of periodic domains with periodic underlying excitable media is a follow-up of the article \cite{bh}. It is proved that the minimal speed of pulsating fronts is given by a variational formula involving linear eigenvalue problems. Some consequences concerning the influence of the geometry of the domain, of the reaction, advection and diffusion coefficients are given. The last section deals with the notion of asymptotic spreading speed. The main properties of the spreading speed are given. Some of them are based on some new Liouville type results for nonlinear elliptic equations in unbounded domains.
Liquid Metals: Concepts and Theory

Preface 1. Outline 2. Pair correlation function and structure factors of ions 3. Thermodynamics 4. Electron screening and effective ion-ion interactions 5. Inter-ionic forces and structural theories 6. Statistical mechanics of inhomogeneous systems and freezing theory 7. Electronic and atomic transport 8. Hydrodynamic limits of correlation functions and neutron inelastic scattering 9. Critical behaviour 10. Electronic states, including critical region 11. Magnetism of normal and especially of expanded liquid metals 12. Liquid-vapour surface 13. Binary liquid metal alloys 14. Two-component theory of pure liquid metals 15. Shock wave studies 16. Liquid hydrogen plasmas and constitution of Jupiter Appendices References Index.
STUDY OF MOLAR REFRACTION AND POLARISABILITY CONSTANT OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF KCL AND KBRO3 AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

Densities and Refractive Indices of solutions of potassium bromate (KBrO3) have been studied in water and 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution of KCl with temperature in the range T = 298.15 ̊K313.15 ̊K. The data obtained is utilized to determine Specific Refraction (RD) and Molar Refraction (RM) of solutions. The values of Refractive indices, Molar Refraction (RM) and Molar Polarisability (α) constant are found to be decreased with decreasing concentration of solute in solvent and these results are also interpreted in terms of interaction in salt solution. It has been verified that Molar Refraction is additive and constitutive property.
The interferon-inducible 204 gene, a member of the Ifi 200 family, is not involved in the antiviral state induction by IFN-alpha, but is required by the mouse cytomegalovirus for its replication.

To examine whether Ifi 200 genes are involved in antiviral state induction by IFNs we expressed mutant forms capable of inactivating the endogenous p204 and analyzed replication of both RNA and DNA viruses following IFN-alpha treatment. Inactivation of p204 does not impair replication of vesicular stomatitis virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, ectromelia virus, and herpes simplex virus 1 and does not alter an IFN-alpha induced antiviral state. By contrast, in cells lacking functional p204, mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) replication is strongly inhibited and is not further modulated by IFN-alpha. These results suggest that p204, a member of the Ifi 200 gene family, is not involved in the IFN-alpha-induced antiviral activity against some RNA or DNA viruses, but is required by MCMV for its replication.
Evolutionary Laws of the Yellow River Basin's Water Resources under the Impact of Human Activities

The paper applies the dualistic distributed hydrological model (WEP-L model) to stu-dy the evolutionary laws of the Yellow River Basin's water resources under the impact of human activities.The water resources assessment results under present underlying surfaces are compared with those under historical underlying surfaces,and the water resources assessment results under no water use condition are compared with those under water use condition as well. By contrast,it is shown that the quantity and compositions of water resources changed distinctly under the impact of intensive human activities.The two main variations are as follow:(1)the surface water resources reduced but the ground water resources which is unrepeatable with the surface water resources increased;(2)the special water resources reduced but the general water resources increased accompanied with increase of the effective evaporation,namely,effective utilization of precipitation.The research achievement can be referenced for comprehensive management and the water safety strategic planning of the Yellow River Basin.