Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Propuesta de un CAPM Sectorial para optimizar la toma de decisiones en gestión de carteras (A Sector CAPM to Optimize Decision Making in Portfolio Management)

Spanish Abstract: En el articulo se presentan dos estrategias de inversion a partir de un modelo CAPM Sectorial con el objetivo de comprobar si mediante su utilizacion es posible obtener rendimientos ajustados por riesgo superiores a los del mercado. Esta comprobacion implica asimismo, por un lado, medir la capacidad del modelo para reflejar la realidad, puesto que de su utilizacion no se deberian de obtener consistentemente rendimiento extraordinarios si captura correctamente el comportamiento del mercado, y por otro, evaluar la hipotesis del mercado eficiente, dado que si se asume que el modelo refleja la realidad y los resultados no se ajustan a las predicciones del modelo, entonces se entiende que el mercado no es eficiente y no es capaz de reflejar toda la informacion relevante.Aceptada la logica implicita del modelo, una vez obtenidos los resultados y comprobada la robustez de los mismos, es posible concluir que para este periodo y sobre las companias analizadas, se encuentran ineficiencias en el mercado que permiten obtener rentabilidades superiores a las esperadas segun el riesgo sistematico de los titulos.English Abstract: In this paper, two investment strategies are presented from a Sector CAPM model with the aim to check if it is possible to obtain risk adjusted returns greater than the market. This test also implies, on one hand, measuring the ability of the model to reflect reality, since their use should not be as a achieve consistently extraordinary performance in case of capturing market behavior correctly, and the other hand, evaluating the efficient market hypothesis since if it assumed that the model reflects reality and the results are not adjusted to the predictions of the model, then it is understood that the market is not efficient and is not able to reflect all relevant information. Once the implicit logic of the model is accepted, the results have been obtained and the robustness of these have been tested, we can conclude that for this period and on the companies analyzed, inefficiencies in the market have been found, which allow obtain higher expected returns given the systematic risk of the titles.
Combined estimation of effective electrical conductivity and permittivity for soil monitoring

The mapping of moisture content, composition, and texture of soils is attracting a growing interest, in particular with the goal of evaluating threats to soil quality, such as soil salinization. Fast noninvasive geophysical surveys are often used in this context. The aim of this work was to study constitutive models that can be used to parameterize electrical conductivity and permittivity starting from a unifying conceptual approach, and to evaluate whether the information carried by one measurement type can be used to identify soil parameters that are then used to predict the other geophysical quantity. To this end, a recently developed constitutive model was extended and modified to consider the grain surface conductivity, a critical component in most natural situations. The extended model was successfully tested against laboratory measurements. In addition, the new model was compared against five other equations that use similar soil parameterizations. It was concluded that only three out of the five selected models yield similar predictions, while the remaining two predict a different geophysical response for the same soil texture. Following this analysis, a methodology was developed to estimate soil salinity starting from the simultaneous measurements of bulk electrical conductivity and permittivity and validating this methodology against laboratory experiments. The method is valid in situations where the conductivity of the pore water remains approximately constant during the measurement period. Key features of the approach proposed to map soil salinization are (1) simplicity, (2) absence of fitting parameters, and (3) the fact that moisture content does not need to be measured or estimated independently. The methodology was tested on a large number of soil samples and proved robust and accurate.
Principles of the Business Rule Approach

The Business Rule Approach represents a major paradigm shift in business-system design and development. Employing a business-driven approach, the use of business rules has been proven to enhance the effectiveness, flexibility, and efficiency of business systems. The technology is appropriate for any kind of organization, and is especially well suited for development in the rapidly expanding Web services industry.Written by the world's leading expert in business rules theory and technology, Principles of the Business Rule Approach is appropriate for business and technical professionals, as well as academics. It serves as a concise introduction and tutorial, presenting understandable explanations and practical techniques.This book explores the rationale behind business rules, as well as the many opportunities presented by this innovative new approach. It explains key business-rule concepts and offers experience-based best practices for expressing business rules. In addition, the book looks at the role of business rules within the context of a wider trend towards model-based development and offers an accessible introduction to the underlying theory of business rules and notation.Topics covered include How the Business Rule Approach is changing the face of business and opening new areas of opportunity The direct impact of business rules on IT projects Organizing basic business knowledge Understanding business structure and processes Working successfully with BRS RuleSpeak,TM including rule categories and sentence patterns for rule statements Expressing business logic using decision tables An in-depth look at fact models Theoretical foundations, including formal constraints and predicatesNumerous appendixes address specific topics in business rule technology, such as the Pattern-R approach and notation, evaluating the truth value of a rule, IF.THEN syntax, and more.Knowledge of the emerging Business Rule Approach is critical for all who are at the leading edge of business system development. Principles of the Business Rule Approach is the authoritative guide and an essential resource. 0201788934B01132003
Climate, flora and fauna changes in the Sahara over the past 500 million years☆

Abstract The present-day Sahara occupies an area of slightly over 8 million km 2 in Africa, between latitudes 16 and 32° N, circumscribed within the isohyet of 100 ± 50 mm mean annual rainfall. The hyperarid area alternately expanded and shrank on both sides of a seemingly narrow semi-permanent eremitic zone along the Tropic of Cancer during the course of the Quaternary epoch (1·7 Ma). The Cenozoic, Mesozoic and Paleozoic Sahara, in turn, has undergone drastic climatic changes as the African continent drifted northward from its Antartic position to reach its present latitudinal situation. But, seemingly the Sahara was never the large desert it now is, with the exception perhaps of the Upper Triassic Lower Liassic epochs. The Pleistocene and Holocene contrasting climate changes induced large variations in flora and fauna distribution, as well as in geomorphic processes. The flora shifted from that of typical desert to tropical savanna and Mediterranean forest or steppe, depending on period and location. Fauna, in turn, changed more in abundance than in nature, since the same groups have been in existence since the Upper Pliocene–Lower Pleistocene. Large mammals, for instance, were mainly of Afro-tropical kinship throughout the Pleistocene and Holocene, while small mammals, in contrast, were predominantly of Mediterranean origin over the same periods. And such is still the case. There were varying large degrees in density of occurrence, but relatively minor fluctuations in nature, in response to such environmental changes as lake and dune expansion and retreat, and even glacier expansion and melting at higher elevations. The present-day man-made expansion of desertic conditions to the north and south actually threaten both flora and fauna alike in the short- and medium-term. Most African large mammals, still present in the desert until the second half of the 19th century, have now become extinct, or are on the very verge of extinction in the Sahara (some may be surviving further south, and/or in the East Africa's parks network). The situation, however, is far less dramatic for the flora, which still includes almost 3000 species of vascular plants, although some species — of economic value or not — are in danger from the man-made destruction of their habitat.
A New Index of Coordination for the Crawl: Description and Usefulness

This study analyzes stroke phases and arm and leg coordination during front crawl swimming as a function of swim velocity and performance level. Forty-three swimmers constituted three groups based on performance level. All swam at three different swim velocities, corresponding to the paces appropriate for the 800 m, 100 m, and 50 m. The different stroke phases and the arm and leg coordination were identified by video analysis. Arm coordination was quantified using a new index of coordination (IdC), which expresses the three major modalities opposition, catch-up and superposition. Opposition, where one arm begins the pull phase when the other is finishing the push phase; catch up, which has a lag time (LT) between propulsive phases of the two arms; and superposition, which describes an overlap in the propulsive phases. The IdC is an index which characterizes coordination patterns by measure of LT between propulsive phases of each arm. The most important results showed that duration of the propulsive phases (B + C) increased significantly with increasing velocity: 43.1 +/- 3.3% for V800; 46.5 +/- 3% for V100 and 49 +/- 3% for V50. The arm and leg synchronization was modified in the sense of an increase in six-beat kick. The IdC increased significantly with velocity: IdCV800 = -7.6 +/- 6.4%; IdCV100 = -3.2 +/- 5.1% and IdCV50 = -0.9 +/- 5.6%. IdC increased also significantly with performance level: IdCG3 = -6.07 +/- 5.3%; IdCG2 = -3.9 +/- 4.2% and IdCG1 = -1.76 +/- 5.6% for the mean of the 3 velocity. The two extreme IdC were IdCG3V800 = -9.4 +/- 5.4% and IdCG1V50 = +2.53 +/- 4.4%.
Presentation of Coastal Environmental Management Plan by using SWOT/AHP methods

The provision of environment management plan and formulating the environmental strategies of coastal regions are the most essential measures required for the integrated management of coastal regions. For this purpose, this research has been conducted using two goal-oriented and problem-oriented approaches in order to determine the planning perspective and problems approach in order to determine bottlenecks respectively. At first, the vision, mission, and objective of developing the environmental management of the eastern coasts of Mazandaran by SWOT (Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats) method have been determined. Thereafter, with using of analytic hierarchical process (AHP) method and EC (Expert chose) software have been applied to prioritize the strategies. At last, the environmental plan and projects of this region was provided based on the objectives. According to this research, the macro-strategies of SO, WO, ST, and WT have been identified in the said order as the priorities of the environmental planning of the region. The SO strategies including the protection of aquatics, integrated management of rivers and surface waters, and the development of coastal tourism as well as the most prioritized one, which is the optimal management of environment and sensitive ecosystems of coastal regions have been studied. In general, in this research 18 environmental strategies classified into four strategic classes have been defined. According to the six objectives, 10 plan, and 16 projects have been defined for the environmental management plan of the eastern coasts of Mazandaran Province.
The evolution of Local Labour Market Areas in contrasting region

In many European local labour markets, a growing minority of workers are making longer commuting trips. One consequence for research into journey-to-work flows, which usually seeks to identify the boundaries of local labour market areas (LLMAs), is that these boundaries represent a "snap shot" of an increasingly volatile pattern. The challenge for regional science is how best to represent the way LLMAs evolve. Â«Is it sufficient to simply update maps, using a consistent method which is applied to successive "snap-shot" datasets? This approach will be illustrated in contrasting regions. Â«Is it possible to produce new approaches to analysis which can better draw attention to those areas where change has been rather more, or less, strong? The paper will end with some explorations in pursuit of this aim.
Near-surface attenuation and site effects from comparison of surface and deep borehole recordings

Near-surface attenuation and site effects are investigated using the seismograms of 17 local earthquakes recorded at depths of 0, 0.3, 1.5, 2.5, and 2.9 km in the Cajon Pass borehole, southern California. The borehole penetrates 500 m of Miocene sandstone and then crystalline, granitic basement rock. Previous estimates of site response have been limited to shallower holes, where the surface reflection interferes with the upgoing direct wave, and the deepest sensor is not below the severe near-surface effects, in bedrock. Spectral ratios of the direct P and S waves for each earthquake between the different recording levels are well modeled with frequency-independent Q and amplification. At the borehole, QP ∼ 27 ± 8, and QS ∼ 21 ± 7 in the upper 2.9 km, increasing from QP ∼26 and QS ∼15 in the upper 300 m to QP ∼133 and QS ∼47 between 1.5 and 3 km. One event was also recorded at a surface granite site, less than 1.5 km from the wellhead. Comparison of the 2.9-km recording with that at this granite site gives QP ∼50 and QS ∼23. The similarity of these values with those of previous studies at a wide range of sites suggests that Q is very low in the near surface, independent of rock type. Near-surface amplification appears considerably more site dependent. At the wellhead, the amplifications at 1 Hz of the direct P and S waves are 12 ± 7 and 13 ± 7, respectively. These values include the free-surface effect and are in reasonable agreement with the impedance contrast from the borehole logs. At the granite site, amplification of both P and S waves is less than four; direct-wave amplification at the wellhead is therefore at least three times that of the granite site. The spectra of the direct and coda waves of the one earthquake recorded at both the wellhead and granite sites are compared with the corresponding 2.9-km recording. Coda-wave amplification is in good agreement with the direct wave at the rock site, but at the borehole, the coda-wave amplification factor overestimates the direct-wave amplification by a factor of 3.
Exploring Highly Quantised Neural Networks for Intrusion Detection in Automotive CAN

Vehicles today comprise intelligent systems like connected autonomous driving and advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS) to enhance the driving experience, which is enabled through increased connectivity to infrastructure and fusion of information from different sensing modes. However, the rising connectivity coupled with the legacy network architecture within vehicles can be exploited for launching active and passive attacks on critical vehicle systems and directly affecting the safety of passengers. Machine learning-based intrusion detection models have been shown to successfully detect multiple targeted attack vectors in recent literature, whose deployments are enabled through quantised neural networks targeting low-power platforms. Multiple models are often required to simultaneously detect multiple attack vectors, increasing the area, (resource) cost, and energy consumption. In this paper, we present a case for utilising custom-quantised MLP's (CQMLP) as a multi-class classification model, capable of detecting multiple attacks from the benign flow of controller area network (CAN) messages. The specific quantisation and neural architecture are determined through a joint design space exploration, resulting in our choice of the 2-bit precision and the n-layer MLP. Our 2-bit version is trained using Brevitas and optimised as a dataflow hardware model through the FINN toolflow from AMD/Xilinx, targeting an XCZU7EV device. We show that the 2-bit CQMLP model, when integrated as the IDS, can detect malicious attack messages (DoS, fuzzing, and spoofing attack) with a very high accuracy of 99.9%, on par with the state-of-the-art methods in the literature. Furthermore, the dataflow model can perform line rate detection at a latency of 0.11 ms from message reception while consuming 0.23 mJ/inference, making it ideally suited for integration with an ECU in critical CAN networks.
Millennial-scale climate change since the last glaciation recorded by grain sizes of loess deposits on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Whether climatic changes in high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere since the last glaciation have effects on the Tibetan Plateau monsoon, and the variation characteristics of the Plateau monsoon itself are still not solved but of great significance. The 22-m high-resolution loess-paleosol sequence in the Hezuo Basin on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau demonstrates that the Plateau winter monsoon experienced a millennial variation similar to high latitude Northern Hemisphere, with cold events clearly correlated with Heinrich events but less for the warm events (Dansgarrd-Oeschger events). It may indicate that the climate system at high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere had played an important role in both the Plateau monsoon and the highlevel westerlies. On 104 year scale, there are two distinct anomalous changes, which are not found in the records from high latitude northern hemisphere, revealed by the loess grain size in the Hezuo Basin. One is that there was a considerable grain size increase at ∼36 kaBP, suggesting an abrupt enhancement of the Plateau winter monsoon at that time; the other is that, during 43–36 kaBP, the grain size decreased distinctly, indicating a notable weakening of the Plateau winter monsoon around that period. Both of the two anomalies suggest that the Tibetan climate may have been controlled by some other factors, besides the high latitude climatic changes in the Northern Hemisphere.
The role of lithology, catchment size and the alluvial zone on the hydrogeochemistry of two intermittent Mediterranean streams

Hydrology and solute concentrations of two intermittent Mediterranean streams draining two nested catchments were compared. The two catchments were mainly underlain by granitic rocks and different types of sericitic schists. Only the lowland catchment had an alluvial zone and a well‐developed riparian forest. The rainfall–runoff relationship and the correlation between daily flow concentrations showed that hydrological behaviour was similar at both sites during most of the year. However, reverse fluxes were detected during the wetting and drying up periods only in the stream with an alluvial zone. The intermittence in stream flow also had effects on absolute solute concentrations, temporal solute dynamics and streamwater stoichiometry. Streamwater chemistry was not affected by drainage area, except for cations produced mainly by bedrock dissolution (i.e. calcium and magnesium) that increased with increasing catchment size. Differences in the relationship among cations and anions were detected between the two streams, which could be attributed to biogeochemical processes occurring in the alluvial zone. The multivariate model used in this study showed that stoichiometry was more useful than absolute concentrations when analyzing the influence of different lithologies on streamwater chemistry. Such differences were amplified in autumn, likely due to a low hydrological connectivity between the two nested catchments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
River Discharge of Humic Substances and Humic-bound Metals to the Gulf of Bothnia

Water from 24 Swedish and Finnish rivers running to the Gulf of Bothnia (comprising the Bothnian Sea and Bothnian Bay) was sampled on five occasions in 1991–93, and analysed for concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC), humic substances and metals (Fe, Al, Cu, Zn). In general, TOC is higher in the Finnish rivers, which drain forest and peatlands, than in the Swedish rivers, which drain vast mountainous and forested areas. The pH is slightly lower in the Finnish rivers. Humic substances comprise approximately 80% of the total amount of organic matter. Calculations of the specific transport of organic matter (i.e. the total transport per catchment area) showed that the average release from the Finnish catchments is more than twice the release from the Swedish catchments. Fe and Al exhibit the same concentration pattern as TOC. To estimate the humic fraction of some metals (Fe, Cu and Zn), a speciation study, utilizing a weak anion-exchange resin, was performed on water from rivers with different hydrochemical properties. The humic fractions of Fe, Cu and Zn were 20–40, 40–60 and <10%, respectively, of the total metal content. The total load to the Gulf of Bothnia of humic substances and Fe, Cu and Zn associated with the humic matter was calculated. It was found that the discharge of humic substances to Bothnian Bay originates primarily from the Finnish rivers, and the largest amounts contributed to the Bothnian Sea come from the Swedish rivers.
USE OF MULTIVARIATE EXTENSIONS OF GENERALIZED LINEAR MODELS IN THE ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM CLINICAL TRIALS

ABSTRACT In medical studies the categorical endpoints are quite often. Even though nowdays some models for handling this multicategorical variables have been developed their use is not common. This work shows an application of the Multivariate Generalized Linear Models to the analysis of Clinical Trials data. After a theoretical introduction models for ordinal and nominal responses are applied and the main results are discussed. Key words : multivariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression, multicategorical response. RESUMEN Las variables de respuesta categoricas son muy utilizadas en el marco de las investigaciones Biomedicas. A pesar de que varios modelos para el analisis de este tipo de variables han sido propuestos en la literatura su uso es aun muy infrecuente. El presente trabajo muestra una aplicacion de los Modelos Lineales Generalizados Multivariados a los datos de un ensayo clinico internacional. Despues de una introduccion teorica, modelos multivariados para el analisis de variables categoricas nominales y ordinales son aplicados a los datos y los resultados son interpretados.
Distribution and reproductive capacity of Deschampsia antarctica and Colobanthus quitensis on Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

Abstract The Maritime Antarctic is one of the regions where regional climate change is most intense and the reproductive performance of plants may be enhanced. Reporting the distribution of Deschampsia antarctica and Colobanthus quitensis on Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands), our results confirm that D. antarctica is more widespread than C. quitensis. Flower and seed development of both species varied between sites. Deschampsia antarctica produced more viable seeds than C. quitensis, although fully developed seeds were not found at all locations. Seed production in C. quitensis was low in comparison with other Antarctic locations. The largest cushions of Colobanthus observed in 2002 were 15 cm in diameter, suggesting that the populations may have established at least 50 years ago. Deschampsia antarctica tussocks were very often 20 cm in diameter, although turf areas up to 1.5 m across were also observed, probably due to coalesced aggregates of individuals. This study shows that, although seed production is low, the presence of seedlings and young individuals suggests an expansion process.