Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Higher derived brackets, strong homotopy associative algebras and Loday pairs

We give a quick method of constructing strong homotopy associative algebra, namely, the higher derived product construction. This method is associative analogue of classical higher derived bracket construction in the category of Loday algebras. We introduce a new type of algebra "Loday pair" which is noncommutative analogue of classical Leibniz pair. We study strong homotopy Loday pairs and the higher derived brackets on the Loday pairs.
Note on the Calculation of Groebner-Shirshov Bases for Affine Weyl Groups

In this work we will consider the calculation of Groebner-Shirshov bases of Coxeter groups. This will be the main focus of the work. In \cite{Bokut-Shiao}, Bokut & Shiao gave the Groebner-Shirshov bases of positive definite classical Coxeter groups $A_l, B_l, D_l$ by using the techniques of Elimination of Leading Word. We will give a counter example to a hypothesis which is introduced by Bokut & Shiao in \cite{Bokut-Shiao} and we will calculate the Groebner-Shirshov bases of the positive degenerate infinite affine Weyl group $\widetilde{A}_n $ which is isomorphic to semi-direct product group $\Sigma_n \ltimes {\mathbb Z}^{n-1}$, and further we classify all the reduced elements of the group by using the Composition Diamond Lemma.
Latin American Attachment studies: A narrative review

Abstract Attachment theory´s core hypotheses (universality, normativity, sensitivity, and competence) are assumed to be applicable worldwide. However, the majority of studies on attachment theory have been conducted in Western countries, and the extent to which these core hypotheses are supported by research conducted in Latin America has never been systematically addressed. The purpose of this systematic narrative literature review is to provide an integrative discussion of the current body of empirical studies concerning attachment theory conducted in Latin American countries. For that purpose, a search was conducted in four electronic databases (Web of Science, PsycInfo, SciELO, and Redalyc) and 82 publications on attachment and/or sensitivity met inclusion criteria. None of the studies reported cases in which an attachment relationship was absent, and a predominance of secure attachment patterns was found, mainly for non‐risk samples (NRS). Sensitivity levels were generally deemed adequate in NRS, and related to attachment quality. Attachment security and caregivers’ sensitivity were positively associated with child outcomes. Attachment‐based intervention studies mostly showed efficacy. In conclusion, Latin American research supports the key theoretical assumptions of attachment theory, mainly in samples of urban middle‐class NRS. However, the field of attachment‐related research would be enriched by also investing in Latin American studies on caregiving rooted in local concepts and theories.
The Effect of a Previous Strain Injury on Regional Neuromuscular Activation Within the Rectus Femoris

Abstract The rectus femoris (RF) has a region-specific functional role; that is, the proximal region of the RF contributes more than the middle and distal regions during hip flexion. This study aimed to investigate whether RF strain injury affected the region-specific functional role of the muscle. We studied seven soccer players with a history of unilateral RF strain injury. Injury data were obtained from a questionnaire survey and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Multichannel surface electromyographic (SEMG) signals were recorded from the proximal to distal regions of the RF with 24 electrodes during isometric knee extension and hip flexion. The SEMG signals of each channel during hip flexion were normalised by those during knee extension for the injured and non-injured RF (HF/KE), and compared among the proximal, middle, and distal regions. Six RF strain injuries showed a low signal area in MRI. There was no significant difference in muscle strength between the injured and non-injured RF. While the HF/KE in the proximal region was significantly higher than those in the middle and distal regions in the non-injured RF, a difference in the HF/KE was seen only between the proximal and distal regions of the injured RF. Furthermore, the HF/KE of the most proximal channel in the injured RF was significantly lower than that in the non-injured RF. However, there was no significant difference between injured and non-injured areas in the HF/KE. Our findings suggest that the region-specific functional role of the RF muscle is partly affected by RF strain injury.
Triplet Therapy, Transplantation, and Maintenance until Progression in Myeloma.

BACKGROUND In patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, the effect of adding autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) to triplet therapy (lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone [RVD]), followed by lenalidomide maintenance therapy until disease progression, is unknown. METHODS In this phase 3 trial, adults (18 to 65 years of age) with symptomatic myeloma received one cycle of RVD. We randomly assigned these patients, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive two additional RVD cycles plus stem-cell mobilization, followed by either five additional RVD cycles (the RVD-alone group) or high-dose melphalan plus ASCT followed by two additional RVD cycles (the transplantation group). Both groups received lenalidomide until disease progression, unacceptable side effects, or both. The primary end point was progression-free survival. RESULTS Among 357 patients in the RVD-alone group and 365 in the transplantation group, at a median follow-up of 76.0 months, 328 events of disease progression or death occurred; the risk was 53% higher in the RVD-alone group than in the transplantation group (hazard ratio, 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23 to 1.91; P<0.001); median progression-free survival was 46.2 months and 67.5 months. The percentage of patients with a partial response or better was 95.0% in the RVD-alone group and 97.5% in the transplantation group (P = 0.55); 42.0% and 46.8%, respectively, had a complete response or better (P = 0.99). Treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or higher occurred in 78.2% and 94.2%, respectively; 5-year survival was 79.2% and 80.7% (hazard ratio for death, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.65). CONCLUSIONS Among adults with multiple myeloma, RVD plus ASCT was associated with longer progression-free survival than RVD alone. No overall survival benefit was observed. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; DETERMINATION ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01208662.).
Murburn model of vision: Precepts and proof of concept

The classical paradigm of visual physiology comprises of the following features: (i) rod/cone cells located at the rear end of the retina serve as the primary transducers of incoming photo‐information, (ii) cis–trans retinal (C20H28O) transformations on rhodopsin act as the transduction switch to generate a transmittable signal, (iii) signal amplification occurs via GDP‐GTP exchange at transducin, and (iv) the amplified signal is relayed (as an action potential) as a flux‐based ripple of Na−K ions along the axons of neurons. Fundamental physical principles, chemical kinetics, and awareness of architecture of eye/retina prompt a questioning of these classical assumptions. In lieu, based on experimental and in silico findings, a simple space‐time resolved murburn model for the physiology of phototransduction in the retina is presented wherein molecular oxygen plays key roles. It is advocated that: (a) photo‐induced oxygen to superoxide conversion serves as the key step in signal transduction in the visual cycle, (b) all photoactive cells of the retina serve as photoreceptors and rods/cones serve as the ultimate electron source in the retina (deriving oxygen and nutrients from retinal pigmented epithelium), (c) signal amplification is through superoxide mediated phosphorylation of GDP bound to inactive transducin, thereby activating a GDP‐based cascade (a new mechanism for trimeric G‐proteins), and (d) signal relay is primarily an electron movement along the neuron, from dendritic source to synaptic sink. In particular, we specify the roles for the various modules of transducin and GDP‐based activation of phosphodiesterase‐6 in the physiology of visual transduction.
Default Mode Network quantitative diffusion and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging correlates in sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease

Grey matter involvement is a well‐known feature in sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD), yet precise anatomy‐based quantification of reduced diffusivity is still not fully understood. Default Mode Network (DMN) areas have been recently demonstrated as selectively involved in sCJD, and functional connectivity has never been investigated in prion diseases. We analyzed the grey matter involvement using a quantitatively multi‐parametric MRI approach. Specifically, grey matter mean diffusivity of 37 subjects with sCJD was compared with that of 30 age‐matched healthy controls with a group‐wise approach. Differences in mean diffusivity were also examined between the cortical (MM(V)1, MM(V)2C, and VV1) and subcortical (VV2 and MV2K) subgroups of sCJD for those with autopsy data available (n = 27, 73%). We also assessed resting‐state functional connectivity of both ventral and dorsal components of DMN in a subset of subject with a rs‐fMRI dataset available (n = 17). Decreased diffusivity was predominantly present in posterior cortical regions of the DMN, but also outside of the DMN in temporal areas and in a few limbic and frontal areas, in addition to extensive deep nuclei involvement. Both subcortical and cortical sCJD subgroups showed decreased diffusivity subcortically, whereas only the cortical type expressed significantly decreased diffusivity cortically, mainly in parietal, occipital, and medial‐inferior temporal cortices bilaterally. Interestingly, we found abnormally increased connectivity in both dorsal and ventral components of the DMN in sCJD subjects compared with healthy controls. The significance and possible utility of functional imaging as a biomarker for tracking disease progression in prion disease needs to be explored further.
Isolation and Whole-Genome Sequencing of Four Antibiotic-Producing Pseudomonas Strains

Here, we report the isolation, whole-genome sequencing, and annotation of four novel Pseudomonas isolates. We also evaluate the biosynthetic potential of each genome. ABSTRACT Here, we report the isolation, whole-genome sequencing, and annotation of four novel Pseudomonas isolates. We also evaluate the biosynthetic potential of each genome.
Setting the Stage for the Next Great Vaccine Success Story

In this Commentary, the article by Rosenfeld et al. “Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses against Nonpoliovirus Enteroviruses” is put into context of the historic poliovirus epidemics and resultant vaccination success story as it compares to the current state of acute flaccid myelitis; the relationship to nonpoliovirus enteroviruses (EVs), in particular EV-D68 and EV-A71; and the potential for successful vaccination strategies. The discovery of cross-protective antibody neutralization among polio and nonpolio enteroviruses, specifically EV-D68, opens future questions about EV-D68 vaccination strategies, circulation patterns of nonpolio enteroviruses, and the interpretation of EV-D68 serostudies. ABSTRACT In this Commentary, the article by Rosenfeld et al. “Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses against Nonpoliovirus Enteroviruses” is put into context of the historic poliovirus epidemics and resultant vaccination success story as it compares to the current state of acute flaccid myelitis; the relationship to nonpoliovirus enteroviruses (EVs), in particular EV-D68 and EV-A71; and the potential for successful vaccination strategies. The discovery of cross-protective antibody neutralization among polio and nonpolio enteroviruses, specifically EV-D68, opens future questions about EV-D68 vaccination strategies, circulation patterns of nonpolio enteroviruses, and the interpretation of EV-D68 serostudies.
Euler characteristic of quiver Grassmannians and Ringel-Hall algebras of string algebras

We compute the Euler characteristics of quiver Grassmannians and quiver flag varieties of tree and band modules and prove their positivity. This generalizes some results by G.C. Irelli [arXiv:0910.2592]. As an application we consider the Ringel-Hall algebra $C(A)$ of some string algebras $A$ and compute in combinatorial terms the products of arbitrary functions in $C(A)$.
Fractional Lévy Processes as a Result of Compact Interval Integral Transformation

Fractional Brownian motion can be represented as an integral of a deterministic kernel w.r. t. an ordinary Brownian motion either on infinite or compact interval. In previous literature fractional Lévy processes are defined by integrating the infinite interval kernel w.r. t. a general Lévy process. In this article we define fractional Lévy processes using the com pact interval representation. We prove that the fractional Lévy processes presented via different integral transformations have the same finite dimensional distributions if and only if they are fractional Brownian motions. Also, we present relations between different fractional Lévy processes and analyze the properties of such processes. A financial example is introduced as well.
A strategy of co-fermentation of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and lignocellulosic feedstocks as swine feed

Abstract To meet the sustainable development of the swine feed industry, it is essential to find alternative feed resources and develop new feed processing technologies. Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is a by-product from the ethanol industry consisting of adequate nutrients for swine and is an excellent choice for the swine farming industry. Here, a strategy of co-fermentation of DDGS and lignocellulosic feedstocks for production of swine feed was discussed. The potential of the DDGS and lignocellulosic feedstocks as feedstock for fermented pig feed and the complementary relationship between them were described. In order to facilitate the swine feed research in co-fermentation of DDGS and lignocellulosic feedstocks, the relevant studies on strain selection, fermentation conditions, targeted metabolism, product nutrition, as well as the growth and health of swine were collected and critically reviewed. This review proposed an approach for the production of easily digestible and highly nutritious swine feed via co-fermentation of DDGS and lignocellulosic feedstocks, which could provide a guide for cleaner swine farming, relieve stress on the increasing demand of high-value swine feed, and finally support the ever-increasing demand of the pork market.
Phototrophic sponge productivity may not be enhanced in a high CO2 world

Sponges are major components of benthic communities across the world and have been identified as potential “winners” on coral reefs in the face of global climate change as result of their tolerance to ocean warming and acidification (OA). Previous studies have also hypothesised that photosymbiont‐containing sponges might have higher productivity under future OA conditions as a result of photosymbionts having increased access to CO2 and subsequently greater carbon production. Here we test this hypothesis for a widespread and abundant photosymbiont‐containing sponge species Lamellodysidea herbacea at a CO2 seep in Papua New Guinea simulating OA conditions. We found seep sponges had relatively higher cyanobacterial abundance, chlorophyll concentrations and symbiont photosynthetic efficiency than non‐seep sponges, and a three‐fold higher sponge abundance at the seep site. However, while gross oxygen production was the same for seep and non‐seep sponges, seep sponge dark respiration rates were higher and instantaneous photosynthesis: respiration (P:R) ratios were lower. We show that while photosymbiont containing sponges may not have increased productivity under OA, they are able to show flexibility in their relationships with microbes and offset increased metabolic costs associated with climate change associated stress.
Community participation and staying home if you want: US adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities

Abstract Background Requiring adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities to go on community outings with co‐residents and staff is contrary to community‐living policy's focus on person centredness and choice of activities/companions. Method We analysed 2018‐19 National Core Indicators data from 36 US states concerning 7968 adults living in staffed, non‐family, multi‐client settings. The focus outcome was being able to stay home if you want when others in your home go out. Results The 42.0% of participants who could stay home were more likely to go out with friends, family or alone, and less likely to go out with staff. Those who could stay home participated in a similar variety of community activities and went out more often to shop or for errands. Conclusions Individuals who could stay home likely had more choice about where, when and with whom they went out. Strategies for greater person‐centredness are proposed.
Gene-editing Screening of Maize Protoplasts

CRISPR-Cas9 technology allows the modification of DNA sequences in vivo at the location of interest. 11 Although CRISPR-Cas9 can produce genomic changes that do not require DNA vector carriers, the use of transgenesis 12 for stable integration of DNA coding for gene-editing tools into plant genomes is still the most used approach and it can 13 generate unintended transgenic integrations, while Cas9 prolonged expression can increase cleavage at off-target sites. In 14 addition, the selection of genetically modified cells from millions of treated cells, especially plant cells, is still 15 challenging. These downfalls can be avoided with the delivery of preassembled ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) 16 composed of purified recombinant enzyme Cas9 and in vitrotranscribed guide RNA (gRNA) molecules in a protoplast 17 system. We therefore aimed to develop the first DNA-free protocol for gene-editing in maize and introduced RNPs into 18 their protoplasts with PEG 4000. We performed effective transformation of maize protoplasts using different gRNAs 19 sequences targeting the inositol phosphate kinase gene and applying two different exposure times to RNPs. Using low20 cost Sanger sequencing protocol, we observed an efficiency rate of 0.85 up to 5.85%, which is equivalent to DNA-free 21 protocols used in other plant species. A positive correlation was displayed between exposure time and mutation frequency. 22 Mutation frequency was gRNA sequenceand exposure time-dependent. In summary, we demonstrated the suitability of 23 RNP transfection as an effective screening platform for gene-editing in maize. This efficient and relatively easy assay 24 method for selection of gRNA suitable for editing of gene of interest will be highly useful for genome editing in maize, 25 since genome size and GC-content are large and high in maize genome, respectively. Nevertheless, the large amplitude 26 of mutations at target site requires scrutiny when checking mutations at off-target sites and potential safety concerns. 27 28
Dwarf novae in quiescence: the relationship between disk evaporation and accretion onto a white-dwarf

We investigate the structure of the corona above the cool accretion disk in a cataclysmic binary system. As already shown in an earlier investigation material flows from the disk through the corona on to the compact star, thus evaporating the accretion disk and creating a hole around the white dwarf. In the present work we study in detail how effective the evaporation works at different distances from the white dwarf. A one-zone model was used as before, because the most important changes happen close to the inner edge of the disk.We discuss the link between the rotating accretion disk corona and the thermal boundary layer close to the white dwarf. The physics of the thermal layer has similarity with the layer at the bottom of the accretion disk corona, where the temperature rises from photospheric to coronal values. For the white dwarf boundary layer gravity has to be taken into account. The. vertical structure is computed. The material accreting via the disk corona on to the white dwarf causes the X-rays and UV radiation observed from dwarf novae during quiescience.
Asset allocation for retirement

This thesis examines how different asset allocation strategies impact the terminal wealth of individuals at retirement. We are particularly interested in studying the benefits and disadvantages of age-variant strategies, as their use has been growing. To do this, we analyze how several strategies have performed over historical rolling periods (1928 to 2013), and using a simulation we predict how they will fare in the future. The results suggest that at modest levels of risk aversion fix asset allocation strategies dominate. However, for highly risk-averse individuals, age-variant strategies may improve terminal wealth up to 3.1% when compared with the next best age-invariant strategy.
Conclusive Evidence That the Major T-cell Antigens of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex ESAT-6 and CFP-10 Form a Tight, 1:1 Complex and Characterization of the Structural Properties of ESAT-6, CFP-10, and the ESAT-6 CFP-10 Complex IMPLICATIONS FOR PATHOGENESIS AND VIRULENCE*

The proteins ESAT-6 and CFP-10 have been shown to be secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis cells, to be potent T-cell antigens, and to have a clear but as yet undefined role in tuberculosis pathogenesis. We have successfully overexpressed both ESAT-6 and CFP-10 in Escherichia coli and developed efficient purification schemes. Under in vivo-like conditions, a combination of fluorescence, circular dichroism, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy have shown that ESAT-6 contains up to 75% helical secondary structure, but little if any stable tertiary structure, and exists in a molten globule-like state. In contrast, CFP-10 was found to form an unstructured, random coil polypeptide. An exciting discovery was that ESAT-6 and CFP-10 form a tight, 1:1 complex, in which both proteins adopt a fully folded structure, with about two-thirds of the backbone in a regular helical conformation. This clearly suggests that ESAT-6 and CFP-10 are active as the complex and raises the interesting question of whether other ESAT-6/CFP-10 family proteins (22 paired genes in M. tuberculosis) also form tight, 1:1 complexes, and if so, is this limited to their genome partner, or is there scope for wider interactions within the protein family, which could provide greater functional flexibility?
Structural design model for tunnels in soft soils From construction stages to the long-term

Several cities around the world are facing mobility related problems such as traffic congestion and air pollution. Although limited individually, the combination of bicycle and transit offers speed and accessibility that can compete with automobiles by complementing each other’s characteristics. Recognising the potential benefits with regard to accessibility, health, and sustainability, several studies have investigated policies that encourage integration of these modes. However, the actual users and trips of the combined bicycle and transit mode have not been extensively studied empirically. This study addresses this gap by (i) reviewing empirical findings on related modes, (ii) deriving user and trip characteristics of the combined bicycle and transit mode in the Netherlands, and (iii) applying latent class cluster analysis to discover prototypical users based on their socio-demographic attributes. Most trips by this combined mode are found to be for relatively long commutes where transit is in the form of trains, and bicycle and walking are access and egress modes respectively. Furthermore, seven user groups are identified and their travel behaviour is discussed. Transport authorities may use these empirical results to further streamline integration of bicycle and transit for its largest users as well as to tailor policies to attract more travellers.