Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Requirements controlled design: A method for discovery of discontinuous system boundaries in the requirements hyperspace

void update(); abstract boolean mutate(int probability); abstract void corrolateChromosomes(); public abstract Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException; } D.3. 5 Simple Individual Class SimpleIndividual.java package edu.asdl. design.ea. basic; // // SimpleIndividual.java // JAVA SPEA // // Created by Peter Hollingsworth on Wed Sep 24 2003. // Copyright (c) 2003 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved. // import java.util. Random; public class SimpleIndividual extends Individual implements Cloneable { // // A more specific extension of the Idividual Class. It actually implements many Methods // public SimpleIndividual(short numgenes, short[] numbits) { bitChrome = new Chromosome(numgenes, numbits); bitChrome.initRandom(); realChrome = new RealValChromosome(bitChrome); this.numgenes = numgenes; this.numbits = numbits; } void corrolateChromosomes() { realChrome.update(); } public void update() { corrolateChromosomes(); } public boolean mutate(int probability) { // // Simple bit flip mutation // boolean bool= false; float prob = probability * 1e-2f; Random rand = new Random(); short ind1, ind2; float rand_val = rand.nextFloat(); if (rand_val <= prob) { ind1 = (short) rand.nextInt(numgenes); ind2 = (short)rand.nextInt(numbits[ind1]); bool = true; bitChrome.flipBit(ind1, ind2); } return bool; } public boolean crossover(int probability, SimpleIndividual tradeindv) { // //Simple Gene Swap Crossover // boolean bool= false; float prob = probability * 1e-2f; Random rand = new Random(); Gene trade_gene; Chromosome trade_chrom = tradeindv.bitChrome; float rand_val = rand.nextFloat(); if (rand_val <= prob) { short index = (short)rand.nextInt(bitChrome.getGeneNumber()); trade_gene = trade_chrom. gene[index]; trade_gene = bitChrome.tradeGene(index, trade_gene); bool = true; } return bool; } public boolean equals(SimpleIndividual simpind) { // // Checks if the two indivduals are Genetically Identical\ // boolean bool = true;
Simultaneous Optical and MR Imaging of Tissue Within Implanted Window Chamber: System Development and Application in Measuring Vascular Permeability

13 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 14 1.1: Overview 14 1.2: Motivation for Simultaneous Imaging 14 1.3: Window Chambers 15 1.4: Animal Preparations 16 1.5: Summary of the Dissertation 16 CHAPTER 2: MOLECULAR AGENT 18 2.1: Overview 18 2.2: The Contrast Agent Applied 18 2.2.1: The Optical CA 18 2.2.2: The MRI CA 19 2.2.3: The Molecular Agent (MA) 21 2.3: Labeling BSA 22 CHAPTER 3: IMAGING SYSTEMS 25 3.1 Overview 25 3.2 MRI Scanner and Surface Coil 26 3.3 Imaging with an Imaging Fiber Bundle 28 3.4 Imaging with a Small Camera 30 3.5 Illumination System for the relay imaging system 34 3.6 The Relay System 36 3.7 Comparison of the Dual Modality Systems 40
Spanish academy soccer coaching : 120 practices from the coaches of Real Madrid, Atlético Madrid and Athletic Bilbao

The Spanish Academy Soccer Coaching book provides an extensive range of practices from professional coaches at Atletico Madrid, Real Madrid and Athletic Bilbao / Spanish National. This book contains 120 practices as used in the academies of La Liga. There are technical practices for a wide range of topics ideal for coaches at youth level wanting to develop their team to world leading, Spanish academy standards. Jon Moreno (Spanish national youth development coach and ex Athletic Bilbao) details his methods, planning and shows you how to build a training session. He focuses on both technical and tactical work including warm ups/downs, support play, possession and decision making. Santiago Esposito (Atletico Madrid U11's) focuses on technical training for 8-12 year olds which includes ball control/dribbling, moves to beat, 1 v 1 duels, passing, crossing and shooting. Jose A. Fernando Lopez (Real Madrid U15's) shows coaches how to set out dynamic and structured drills, as well as advice on how to run a successful football team. These practices have an emphasis on possession and combination play. Ivan Mardrono Campo (Real Madrid Youth Team coach) outlines how to improve technique in the youth team stage. He also progresses to practices with small sided games to develop finishing, awareness, creating space, fast break attacks and wide play. This is a fantastic opportunity to learn from top Spanish coaches that have developed some of the key members of the fantastic technically skilled Spanish national side including Fernando Torres and Sergio Ramos.
Definition of structural attenuation from engine block using loudspeaker tests amd acoustic camera

Due to increasing demands on CO2 emissions, the combustion excitation increases due to more efficient combustion. There are great needs of increasing the engine block structural attenuation to take care of the combustion noise near the source. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a new method for measuring the structural attenuation of an engine block by using an acoustic camera and a loudspeaker placed inside the combustion chamber. This new method is based upon the current method for measuring the structural attenuation introduced by the Lucas Industries Noise Centre in the 1980s. Two different assembly designs are used to demonstrate that the new proposed method works. For both designs the new method, Lucas Near-Field function, is validated against the current method based upon the Lucas filter function. The new method measures the sound pressure 3 cm away from the engine block while the current method measures it 1 m away. The outcome when comparing the new method, the Lucas NearField function, and the current method, Lucas filter function, is that they have the same pattern but a level difference. This level difference is discussed. The structural attenuation is studied by comparing two different assembly designs; for this a matlab-software was developed. The discussion regarding the validation of the proposed method is done by comparing the outcome from the matlab-software with the figures obtained from the commercial software Array Acoustic. From these two validations the outcome is that the new proposed method for measuring the structural attenuation is a good complement to the method used today.
Umsetzung von Agrarumweltmassnahmen auf Bio- undkonventionellen Betrieben der Schweiz

The willingness of farmers to adopt agri-environmental measures depends greatly on the farm type and management as well as on the geographic conditions of the farm. The present paper analyses the differences in uptake of agri-environmental measures between organic and non-organic farms. A statistical comparison based on the 2005 Swiss Farm Census showed that organic farms have on average 68% higher adoption rates than non-organic farms, with a mean level of 22% on organic and 13% on nonorganic farms. The greatest differences were identified for the measures “hedges”, “extensive meadows”, “less intensive meadows”. The differences in uptake can only be partly explained by economic differences, such as different costs at farm level. Differences between organic and conventional farmers’ attitudes to nature conservation could be another important factor. Furthermore, we argue that the higher uptake of agri-environmental measures indicates on average higher biodiversity levels on organic farms.
Self-Tuning Fuzzy PI Controller and its Application to HVAC Systems

Abstract —In this paper, a Self-tuning Fuzzy PI controlleris used for the supply air pressure control loop for Heating,Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) system. The self-tuningFuzzy PI controller (STFPIC) is adjusted the output scalingfactor on-line by fuzzy rules according to the current trend of thecontrolled process. The rule-base for tuning the output-scalingfactor is deﬁned on error and change of error of the controlledvariable. Ziegler-Nichols tuned PI or PID controller performswell around normal working conditions, but its tolerance toprocess parameter variations are severely affected. The STFPICis used here to overcome these shortcomings. Comparing withPID and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy (ANF) Controllers, simulationsresults show that STFPIC performances are better under normalconditions as well as when the HVAC system encounters largeparameter variations. Copyright ° c 2008 Yang’s Scientiﬁc ResearchInstitute, LLC. All rights reserved.Index Terms —PID control, HVAC system, self-tuning fuzzy PIcontroller, adaptive neuro-fuzzy method.
Histogenesis of Skin in Fetal Period of Rabbits

This study was conducted on skin samples from New Zealand white rabbits during the period E15 days prenatal to E25. to investigate the histomorphological development of the skin, hair follicle, Sebaceous glands. Early in the fetal life (E15) the epidermis is in the form of simple squamous epithelium or stratified Non-keratinized squamous epithelium of two or more layers, depending on the region studied, while the dermis is in the form of loose connective tissue composed of mesenchymal cells in a loose and irregular shape. (E20) prenatal, the epidermis is stratified squamous epithelium non-keratinized composed of more than three layers including the periderm, the intermediate layer and the basal layer in all regions, except Fingered hand and foot that appearance keratinized squamous. the cells of the mesoderm begin to condense under the basal layer, indicating the beginning of the formation of hairs placodes. Stratification became evident in(E25) of prenatal with a marked keratinized and extension of hair follicles in the dermis, accompanied by the beginning of the development of sebaceous glands in the form of a group of cells. During our study of the development of the skin of the New Zealand rabbit before birth, we could not notice any sweat glands in the examined skin samples.
What's so funny? Using a multidisciplinary approach to understand sitcom success

The sitcom genre is one of the most enduringly popular, yet we still know surprising little about which of the specific elements of sitcoms keep viewers tuning in. In fact, audiences themselves are not sure why they embrace a particular program, with research indicating behaviour often contradicts intention. Numerous studies have highlighted the problematically intertwined relationships between the physiological, cognitive and affective processing systems that contribute to research shortcomings. Furthermore, sitcom research lacks empirical audience response data. However, we can look to research to identify reliable components using measures from a variety of disciplines to offer insight into complementary audience responses. This study aimed to gather and reduce this information to a combination of key measures that best describe, and potentially predict, the components comprising successful sitcoms. Audience response data was collected using the current top sitcoms across the four main US networks –Modern Family (ABC), The Office (NBC), Family Guy (FOX), and Big Bang Theory (CBS). Relatability of plots and characters were assessed with a post-exposure survey, while a typology of humour techniques provided a timeline of humour events for each program, with which data were correlated. Finally, to address the discrepancy between post-exposure audience report and response, dial data were used to establish real time effects during media exposure. New empirical measures were discovered that were predictive of ratings success, revealing reliable tools that should not only prove useful for industry (broadcasting/production of programs) but also for further social sciences research into the causes and effects of humour.
EVALUATION OF HIGHWAY SAFETY PROJECTS USING QUALITY-CONTROL TECHNIQUE

Highway improvement projects are generally aimed at alleviating highway deficiencies related to traffic flow, congestion, and safety. Although significant effort is expended in developing and implementing the most appropriate countermeasures for specific deficiencies, not enough work is undertaken by highway agencies to evaluate the impact of such improvements. The evaluation of implemented projects is critical in determining future courses of action for the agencies regarding specific countermeasures related to individual problems. Although statistical methods of analysis using Poisson and chi-square distributions have been in existence, they are neither suitable for locations with very low accident frequency nor responsive to local conditions or standards. This paper offers an alternative procedure-quality-control technique-that overcomes the shortcomings of the other methods and offers the advantages of performing parametric comparisons by facility type or improvement type utilizing various measures of effectiveness. This procedure can also be adapted for identification of safety deficient locations. Parametric controls charts required for this procedure can be readily prepared by computer or manual methods from existing data for various facility types. /Author/
GAP ACCEPTANCE IN THE FREEWAY MERGING PROCESS

THE FIRST PHASE OF A 4-YR PROGRAM ON FREEWAY MERGING WAS UNDERTAKEN BY THE BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS TO FURNISH MORE DETAILED INFORMATION ON THE EFFECT OF GEOMETRIC VARIABLES ON MERGING OF RAMP TRAFFIC, TO DEVELOP USABLE DISTRIBUTIONS OF TRAFFIC VARIABLES FOR SIMULATION PROGRAMS, AND TO DEVELOP AN OPTIMUM RAMP METERING AND MERGING CONTROL SYSTEM. EMPHASIS IS ON COLLECTION AND COLLATION OF GAP ACCEPTANCE CHARACTERISTICS. THE THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MODELS AND USEFUL PARAMETERS FOR DESCRIBING THE MERGING PROCESS INCLUDE THE DERIVATION OF THE FORMS OF THE MEAN AND VARIANCE OF THE DELAY TO A RAMP VEHICLE IN POSITION TO MERGE AND THE TREATMENT OF THE VARIABILITY OF CRITICAL GAPS AND GAP ACCEPTANCE AMONG DRIVERS THROUGH THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE REPRESENTATIVE FORMS FOR BOTH CRITICAL GAP DISTRIBUTIONS AND GAP ACCEPTANCE FUNCTIONS. THROUGH APPLICATION OF INDIVIDUAL RECORD PROBIT ANALYSES, SIMPLE, STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE PERCENT GAP ACCEPTANCE AND GAP SIZE ARE ESTABLISHED. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LAGS AND GAPS AND SINGLE AND MULTIPLE-ENTRY MERGES ARE COMPARED, AS WELL AS FAST TO SLOW MOVING MERGING VEHICLES. THE PROBIT ANALYSES ARE GENERALIZED TO ESTABLISH A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCENT ACCEPTANCE AS THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE AND GAP SIZE AND VEHICULAR SPEED AS THE DEPENDENT VARIABLES. /AUTHOR/
An Exploratory Study of the Effect of Demodulation on Pitch Detection

Author(s): Cabuk, Aytekin Durmus | Advisor(s): Alwan, Abeer | Abstract: Pitch (F0) detection has been a very active research topic in recent years. Accurate F0 detection is very important in applications such as speech recognition and coding. This work examines the effects of demodulating a signal into its modulator and carrier parts, each bearing low and high frequency content of the signal respectively, on pitch detection accuracy. Since the carrier part is known to contain the high frequency pitch content of a speech signal, using it as an input to pitch detection algorithms proves to be beneficial in most of the tests carried out with different speakers, and under different noise levels.
Scan-based sound visualisation methods using sound pressure and particle velocity

Sound visualisation techniques have played a key role in the development of acoustics throughout history. Progress in measurement apparatus and the techniques used to display sound and vibration phenomena has provided excellent tools for understanding specific acoustic problems. Traditional methods, however, such as step-by-step measurements or simultaneous multichannel systems, require a significant trade-off between time requirements, flexibility, and cost. This thesis explores the foundations of a novel sound field mapping procedure. The proposed technique, Scan and Paint, is based on the acquisition of sound pressure and particle velocity by manually moving a p-u probe (pressure-particle velocity sensor) across a sound field, whilst filming the event with a camera. The sensor position is extracted by applying automatic colour tracking to each frame of the recorded video. It is then possible to directly visualise sound variations across the space in terms of sound pressure, particle velocity or acoustic intensity. The high flexibility, high resolution, and low cost characteristics of the proposed measurement methodology, along with its short time requirements, define Scan and Paint as an efficient sound visualisation technique for stationary sound fields. A wide range of specialised applications have been studied, proving that the measurement technique is not only suitable for near-field source localisation purposes but also for vibro-acoustic problems, panel noise contribution analysis, source radiation assessment, intensity vector field mapping and far field localisation.
A Development of Low-Cost Optical Image Device for Tuberculin Skin Test

Tuberculin skin test is done by measuring the maximum size of infectious area. Normally, it is done using a ruler and human eyes. Error can easily occur from this conventional measurement method as the infectious site is in millimeter scale. Different person could interpret different size of the area, which could lead to false diagnosis. To standardize the process, image processing along with optical imaging knowledge are used for creating a system that can determine the size of infectious area with least human action involved. A compact model based on low-cost USB camera and a software that calculates the size of an object in captured image are established. The whole system is tested with variation of samples, with 5 measurements repeatedly done on each sample to find the average size result. In the final stage, the system can properly measure out the redness area on the skin.
Incentive or impediment? : the impact of capacity mechanisms on storage plants

Capacity remuneration mechanisms are a widespread instrument to foster investment. The growing interest in electricity storage raises the question how these mechanisms interact with storage plants. Using a stylized capacity planning model, we demonstrate that an exclusion of storage plants from capacity mechanisms leads to welfare losses. Even if storages are not explicitly excluded, the setup of capacity mechanisms can discriminate storage implicitly we therefore discuss typical mechanism design parameters and their impact on storage plants. Three case studies describe the actual situation of storage plants in the PJM system, Ireland and Spain. Finally the findings are summarized to general principles for storage-compatible capacity mechanisms.
MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF AVIAN INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS VIRUS IN QALYOUBIA GOVERNORATE DURING 2017-2018

The regular updates of molecular studies of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Egypt become imperative specially with the ongoing emergence of new strains of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) that worsen the situation in poultry farms and causing extensive economic losses. In our study, we collect samples from twenty broiler flocks range from 18 to 36 days of age and manifested severe respiratory signs with mortality up to 30%. The collected flocks located in Qalyoubia governorate during period between January 2017 to December 2018. IBV Screening in collected samples was conducted by real time rRT-PCR targeting the nucleoprotein (N) gene. A total of 12 out of 20 examined farms were positive for IBV with percentage of (60%). Five positive IBV isolates were selected for amplification and sequencing of 400 –bp targeting the hypervariable region-3 (HVR 3) of S1 protein. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that these viruses were closely related to each other (90-98% identity) and were clustered to variant II (GI 23) viruses within the Egy/Var-II subgroup. The amino acids homology showed (75% to 80% identity) between our Egyptian/Qal variants and the common vaccine used for IBV infection in Egyptian poultry farms.
Sports Biomechanics: Reducing Injury Risk and Improving Sports Performance

Introduction 1. Biomechanics of Sports Injury 2. Injuries in Sport: How the Body Behaves Under Load 3. Risk Factors for Sports Injury 4. Calculating the Loads on the Body 5. Performance Analysis 6. Performance Improvement through Qualitative Biomechanical Analysis 7. Performance Improvement through Quantitative Biomechanical Models 8. Intervention to Improve Performance
Optical forces in nanophotonic structures

Nowadays, optical forces are widely used to control or measure the position of micrometerto nanometer-sized particles, such as living cells, DNA and bacteria. Two major categories of optical forces are discussed here: gradient or dipole force and scattering force. The gradient force is originated from the fact that a polarizable microparticle placed in a laterally varying optical field will experience different forces in the positively and negatively charged sides. In this thesis, we investigate the optical gradient force in 2D hybrid and plasmonic waveguides. Compared to the conventional dielectric waveguides, we show that the optical force can be enhanced by at least 1 order of magnitude in the hybrid and plasmonic waveguides. The scattering force is an axial force, which is the result of the momentum transfer from the radiating field to the dielectric medium. To investigate the radiation force, we mainly study two types of micro-resonators: wheel resonators and small disk resonators. To investigate the optical gradient force, we calculate the optical forces in two dimensional hybrid waveguides in which a dielectric waveguide is coupled with a metal substrate and plasmonic waveguides in which two identical metal waveguides are coupled. We compare coupled plasmonic waveguides with different geometries, including rectangular, circular, and triangular cross sections. In comparison with their corresponding dielectric structures, optical forces in both hybrid and plasmonic waveguides are greatly enhanced due to stronger evanescent waves and larger field gradients. To investigate the radiation force, we study three types of optomechanical oscillators: silicon nitride disk resonator, silicon nitride wheel resonator, and small silicon disk resonator. The experimental results show that the optomechanical coupling coefficiency increases from 0.8GHz/nm to 110GHz/nm, the effective mass decreases from 2ng to 6pg, the oscillation frequency increases from 10MHz to 1GHz, the device size shrinks from 60μm to only 4μm and the oscillation threshold improves from 500μW to 8μW . We also systematically investigate GHz optomechanical microdisk