Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Co-occurring Developmental Failures in Adolescence: Socioeconomic and Genetic Antecedents and Health Outcomes in Adulthood

ABSTRACT This study investigates (1) conjoint latent classes of adolescent co-occurring developmental problems (obesity, depressive symptoms, and low educational attainment), (2) socioeconomic and genetic influences on these classes of adolescents’ problem trajectories, and (3) physical health consequences of those latent classes. Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; N = 9,107; mean age = 15.5 years; Female = 52.9 per cent) were used to identify classes of early socioeconomic adversity and conjoint trajectory groups of co-occurring developmental problems. Profiles of social antecedents, genetic endowments (polygenic scores), and physical health outcomes in young adulthood were compared across identified four conjoint trajectory risk groups (overall high-risk, overall low-risk, BMI-risk or obesity, low education-risk). The results showed that youth with overall high-risk and BMI/education-specific risk trajectory groups were more likely to be Black or Hispanic, reported more adverse socioeconomic characteristics and genetic endowment, and averaged significantly poorer physical health in young adulthood compared with youth in the overall low-risk problem trajectory group. Less pronounced differences emerged between the high-risk and problem-specific-risk groups. The findings highlight heterogeneity in adolescent co-occurring developmental problems. Adolescent heterogeneous problem co-development is associated with background socioeconomic and genetic characteristics and physical health in young adulthood.
Changing Patterns of Causative Pathogens over Time and Efficacy of Empirical Antibiotic Therapies in Acute Cholangitis with Bacteremia

Background/Aims To select appropriate empirical antibiotics, updates on the changes in pathogens are essential. We aimed to investigate the changes in pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility in acute cholangitis (AC) with bacteremia over a period of 15 years. Furthermore, the efficacy of empirical antibiotic therapies and the risk factors predicting antibiotic-resistant pathogens (ARPs) were analyzed. Methods A total of 568 patients with AC and bacteremia who were admitted to Daegu Catholic University Medical Center from January 2006 to December 2020 were included. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed. In addition, the data were grouped and analyzed at 3-year intervals under the criteria of Tokyo Guideline 2018. Results During the study period, 596 pathogens were isolated from blood cultures of 568 patients. The three most common pathogens were Escherichia coli (50.5%), Klebsiella species (24.5%), and Enterococcus species (8.1%). The proportion of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) has increased since the mid-2010 (0.0% to 4.3%, p=0.007). There was emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in 2018 to 2020, albeit not statistically significant (1.3%, p=0.096). Risk factors predicting ARP were healthcare-associated infection, history of previous biliary intervention, and the severity of AC. For patients with these aforementioned risk factors, imipenem was the most effective antibiotic and piperacillin-tazobactam was also effective but to a lesser degree (susceptibility rates of 92.1% and 75.0%, respectively). Conclusions The proportion of VRE has increased and CRE has emerged in AC. In addition, healthcare-associated infection, history of previous biliary intervention, and the severity of AC were independent risk factors predicting ARP. For patients with these risk factors, the administration of imipenem or piperacillin-tazobactam should be considered.
Socio‐economic inequalities in glycaemic control in recently diagnosed adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes

It is unclear whether socio‐economic status (SES) is associated with glycaemic control in people with recently diagnosed diabetes. The aim was to investigate whether SES is related to haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) during the first year after diagnosis in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and if metabolic, quality of care or mental factors may explain the association.
The effect of protection of platelet‐rich plasma against experimental ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat ovary on in vitro fertilization outcomes

Ovarian torsion is a common cause of local ischemic damage, reduced follicular activity and infertility. This study aimed to investigate how well platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) protects against experimental ischemic (I) and ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat ovaries and its effect on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes.
Present status and future directions of intracanal medicaments

Abstract Two fundamental goals of endodontic treatment are to prevent or treat apical periodontitis. From a predictive perspective, several variables can affect the outcome of root canal treatment. Some of these variables depend on intraoperative factors, which include irrigation technique, size of the apical preparation, use of intracanal medicaments or the number of appointments necessary to complete the treatment. However, the outcome may also be affected by host and microbial factors. The intensity of periradicular bone loss or tissue damage, the presence of preoperative pain and associated conditions such as mechanical allodynia and central sensitization, the anatomical complexity of the apical portion of the canal, and the virulence and longevity of the bacterial infection can all have a profound influence on the outcome. Furthermore, numerous medical conditions have been reported to decrease the capability of the immune system to heal the periapical tissues. It is the clinician's responsibility to analyse these variables and incorporate them into the disinfection strategy to maximize the chances of healing. This narrative review will focus on the present status of intracanal medicaments, the clinical indications for their use and future directions for research.
Research on Transition Between Different PWM Strategies for AC Traction System

There will be current transients when the traction drive is switching between different PWM strategies.To assure smooth transitions,a set of switching methods of PWM strategies is presented,including firstly from asyn-chronous PWM to synchronous PWM,secondly synchronous PWM to SHEPWM,and finally switching between different carrier ratios among SHEPWM.Based on the output voltage spectrum characteristic and the modulation patterns fea-ture,simulation model is established.By analyzing and comparing the simulated waveforms of switching different mod-ulation modes,the right points of switching are determined,which are confirmed by the experiments on an AC traction system and the current transients are effectively avoided.The research provides a basis for the design of control system of AC traction experiment.
Synthetic electrospun nanofibers as a supportive matrix in osteogenic differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells

Abstract Continuous remodeling is not able to repair large bone defects. Bone tissue engineering is aimed to repair these defects by creating bone grafts. To do this, several technologies and biomaterials have been employed to fabricate an in vivo-like supportive matrix. Electrospinning is a versatile technique to fabricate porous matrices with interconnected pores and high surface area, replicating in vivo microenvironment. Electrospun scaffolds have been used in a large number of studies to provide a matrix for bone regeneration and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Electrospinning uses both natural and synthetic polymers, either alone or in combination, to fabricate scaffolds. Among them, synthetic polymers have had a great promise in bone regeneration and repair. They allow the fabrication of biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds with high mechanical properties, suitable for bone engineering. Furthermore, several attempts have done to increase the osteogenic properties of these scaffolds. This paper reviewed the potential of synthetic electrospun scaffolds in osteogenic differentiation of iPSCs. In addition, the approaches to improve the osteogenic differentiation of these scaffolds are addressed.
Carboxymethyl chitosan-grafted polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine microspheres for promoting the healing of chronic wounds

ABSTRACT Chronic wounds that fail to heal are the most common complications experienced by diabetic patients, and current treatment remains unsatisfactory, mainly due to the vulnerability of diabetic wounds to bacterial infections. Chitosan derivatives are widely used to treat chronic wounds due to their excellent hydrophilicity, biodegradability, and antimicrobial activity and substantial contribution to tissue regeneration. However, the antimicrobial effect of chitosan is not sufficient due to the complicated pathological mechanism of diabetes mellitus. Here, we prepared carboxymethyl chitosan-grafted polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (CMC-g-PVPI) microspheres and used them to treat chronic wounds. Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) was used as the skeleton and was grafted with polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVPI) to form a CMC-g-PVPI complex hydrogel and CMC-g-PVPI microspheres, which formed as a result of the high shearing dispersion of the complex hydrogel. In vivo experiments on diabetic wounds revealed significantly accelerated wound closure in the presence of the microspheres, demonstrating the excellent potential of CMC-g-PVPI to promote skin wound regeneration under diabetic conditions. Graphical abstract
Piceatannol suppresses inflammation and promotes apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis-fibroblast-like synoviocytes by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly targets the synovial membrane, thus causing stiffness, deformity and dysfunction of joints. To date, no effective anti-inflammatory treatments are available for RA. Piceatannol (PIC) is a natural derivative of resveratrol, which has been reported to attenuate the inflammatory response. To evaluate the effect of PIC on RA and to determine the underlying molecular target of PIC, both in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed in the present study. A CIA rat model was established to evaluate the therapeutic effects of PIC. TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in blood were measured by ELISA. Western blotting, immunofluorescence analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were used to analyze the expression levels of protein and mRNA. In vitro, RA-fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) were pretreated with PIC and subsequently stimulated with TNF-α. The results revealed that PIC significantly upregulated the expression levels of proapoptotic proteins such as Bax and cleaved caspase-3. PIC also significantly reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including PGE2, IL-6 and IL-1β, and significantly downregulated the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 at both the mRNA and protein expression levels. Furthermore, PIC downregulated the expression of MMP-3 and MMP-13, which have been found to be highly expressed in the synovium of patients with RA. Mechanistically, PIC was capable of significantly downregulating the expression levels of proteins involved in the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. The results of the in vivo experiments using a rat collagen-induced arthritis model demonstrated that PIC decreased the arthritis score and exerted beneficial effects in cartilage and significantly reduced the expression of MMP-13. In conclusion, the findings of the present study revealed that PIC could suppress the inflammatory response, promote apoptosis, and exert a significant regulatory effect on the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in RA-FLSs. Therefore, PIC may represent a potential drug for the future treatment of RA.
Bursting emerges from the complementary roles of neurons in a four-cell network

Reciprocally inhibitory modules that form half-center oscillators require mechanisms for escaping or being released from inhibition. The central pattern generator (CPG) underlying swimming by the nudibranch mollusc, Dendronotus iris, is composed of only four neurons that are organized into two competing modules of a half center oscillator. In this system, bursting activity in left-right alternation is not driven by any of the neurons but is an emergent property of the network as a whole. We found that the unique synaptic actions and membrane properties of the two neurons in each module (Si2 and Si3) play complementary roles in generating stable bursting in this network oscillator. Only Si2 evokes fast and strong inhibition of its contralateral counterpart, the termination of which initiates post-inhibitory rebound in the Si3 of that module. Only Si3 is responsible for the rebound excitation because it has a hyperpolarization-activated inward current. Within each module, the synaptic actions and membrane properties of the two neurons complement each other: Si3 excites Si2, which then feeds back slow inhibition to Si3, terminating the burst. Using dynamic clamp, we showed that the magnitude of the slow inhibition sets the period of the oscillator. Thus, the synaptic actions of Si2 provide the hyperpolarization needed for the other module to rebound stably, whereas the membrane properties of Si3 in each module cause it to rebound first and excite Si2 and maintain the burst until the cycle repeats and the other module becomes active.
The role of network‐forming collagens in cancer progression

Collagens are the main components of extracellular matrix in the tumor microenvironment. Both fibrillar and nonfibrillar collagens are involved in tumor progression. The nonfibrillar network‐forming collagens such as type IV and type VIII collagens are frequently overexpressed in various types of human cancers, which promotes tumor cell proliferation, adhesion, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. Studies on the roles of these collagens have shed light on the mechanisms underpinning the effects of this protein family. Future research has to explicit the role of network‐forming collagens with respect to cancer progression and treatment. Herein, we review the regulation of network‐forming collagens expression in cancer; the roles of network‐forming collagens in tumor invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis; and the clinical significance of network‐forming collagens expression in cancer patients.
Impact of social engagement on the development of sarcopenia among community‐dwelling older adults: A Kashiwa cohort study

How older adults develop sarcopenia in the community setting is unclear. Focusing on social engagement, we aimed to validate our hypothesized model of sarcopenia development with various contributing factors, such as physical activity, oral function, psychological status and nutritional status. We also clarified direct and indirect effects of social engagement, physical activity, nutritional status, oral function and psychological status on new‐onset sarcopenia.
On Innovations in the Development of Computer Technology

Computer technology is promising and emerging in that it is of great significance to people's work and has become a necessity of production and life.By reviewing the development of computer technology,this paper elaborates on the importance of choice and innovations and holds that innovations play a decisive role in the further development of computer technology.It concludes that the application of computer technology should be promoted in an innovative way and innovations determine the future trend of computer technology.
Ginsenoside Rg1 exerts anti-apoptotic effects on non-alcoholic fatty liver cells by downregulating the expression of SGPL1

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a high incidence, and can lead to liver cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma in severe cases. To the best of our knowledge, there is currently no safe and effective treatment for the management of this disease. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is an active monomer derived from ginseng and notoginseng. In the present study, HHL-5 hepatocytes were used to establish an in vitro cell model of NAFLD by medium- and long-chain fat emulsion treatment, and the effects of Rg1 on adipose accumulation, apoptosis and the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins in HHL-5 hepatocytes were examined. The results demonstrated that Rg1 inhibited the accumulation of fat in HHL-5 cells, while inhibiting apoptosis, and Rg1 downregulated the expression levels of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and upregulated the expression levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, indicating that Rg1 could promote the stability or integrity of mitochondria and exert an anti-apoptotic effect by regulating Bcl-2 family proteins. In addition, Rg1 markedly downregulated the expression levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1 (SGPL1), a key enzyme in the sphingosine signaling pathway, in HHL-5 cells with steatosis, and increased the expression levels of the downstream pro-survival signals phosphorylated (p-)Akt and p-Erk1/2. Furthermore, overexpression of SGPL1 abolished the anti-apoptotic effect of Rg1 on SGPL1-overexpressing HHL-5 cells with steatosis, and downregulated the expression levels of pro-survival proteins, such as Bcl-2, p-Akt and p-Erk1/2, whereas the expression levels of pro-apoptotic Bax were markedly increased. In conclusion, although there are some reports regarding the protective effect of Rg1 on fatty liver cells, to the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to report that Rg1 may exert an anti-apoptotic effect on fatty liver cells by regulating SGPL1 in the sphingosine signaling pathway. Rg1 is the main component of the prescription drug Xuesaitong in China; therefore, the findings of the present study may provide a theoretical molecular basis for the use of Rg1 or Xuesaitong in the treatment of patients with NAFLD.
Association Between Success and Unsuccess Rates on Technical Skills and Physical Qualities in Rugby Players

ABSTRACT Purpose: Although physical and technical performance are both fundamental in rugby union teams, the association between these variables in sub-elite players is limited. This study investigated the association between the rate of success and unsuccess in technical skills throughout a season with physical quality variables in sub-elite rugby players. Methods: Twenty-five sub-elite rugby union players (age: 26.4 ± 3.8 years; body mass: 99.68 ± 14.34 kg; height: 1.81 ± 0.07 m) completed the following assessments: (i) broad jump; (ii) 10- and 30-meters sprint speed; (iii) 5-10-5 test; (iv) 1 RM of bench press, chin-up and squat and (v) Yo-Yo fitness test. The rate of success and unsuccess in tackles, attacking rucks and carries were measured during a season. Results: We found that: (i) higher success rates in carries were associated with faster speeds and greater broad jump distance; (ii) higher unsuccess rates in tackles were associated with lower 1 RM chin-up. When controlling for playing position, (iii) higher success rates in carries were associated with 30-meters speed and broad jump distance; (iv) higher success rates in tackles were associated with higher 1 RM chin-up; and (v) higher unsuccess rates in tackles were associated with lower 1 RM chin-up. Conclusions: Success and unsuccess rates in attacking rucks and success in carries were not associated with physical qualities. Therefore, training programs that improve speed, lower limb power and upper limb maximal strength should receive greater attention when seeking to achieve greater success in trying to break the opponent’s defensive line and stop the ball carrier.
Tumorigenic transformation of human prostatic epithelial cell line RWPE‐1 by growth hormone‐releasing hormone (GHRH)

Growth hormone‐releasing hormone (GHRH) and its receptors have been implicated in the progression of various tumors. In this study, we analyzed the carcinogenetic potential of exposure to GHRH of a nontumor human prostate epithelial cell line (RWPE‐1) as well as its transforming effect in a xenograft model.
Added value of computed tomography venography in the identification of abnormities in veins of lower extremities

Abstract Objective To investigate the efficacy of direct computed tomography venography (CTV) in early and accurate detection of lower extremity venous (LEV) abnormalities. Methods Cross-sectional research was conducted in Hebei General Hospital of China. A total of 211 CTV reports of both lower extremities from January 2017 to September 2019, 75 color Doppler ultrasound (DUS) examinations, and eight intravascular angiography records of these patients over the same period were collected from the hospital. Comparisons were made for the reported number and percentage of LEV abnormalities (thrombosis, stenosis including severe stenosis, and varicosities). Chi-square test and t-test were applied to compare the rates and means, respectively. Significance level α was 0.05. Individual interviews were performed to understand the perceptions of medical staff and patients on the application of CTV, and the interview results were analyzed. Results Of the 75 cases with both CTV and DUS reports, 159 abnormalities occurring in the lower extremity deep veins (LEDV) were reported, among which 125 (79%) and 18 (11%) were reported by CTV and DUS on a single basis, respectively, whereas 16 (10%) were reported by CTV and DUS simultaneously. A statistically significant greater number of abnormalities in LEDV were identified by CTV than DUS in both males and females (χ 2 males = 78.449, χ 2 females = 27.574, χ 2 total = 104.164, p < .05). In the 211 CTV reports, among the 383 abnormalities reported in total, the common iliac vein (CIV) had the highest number of reported abnormalities (132, 34.5%), followed by the femoral vein (93, 24.3%). The ratios between LEDV abnormality and patient numbers were 1.055 and 0.688 for left and right sides in males, and 0.892 and 0.461 for left and right sides in females, respectively, with that for the left side statistically significantly higher than the right one (t male = 2.896, t female = 4.347, p < .05). The incidence of thrombosis was 10.9% (95% CI = 6.7 ∼ 15.1%). Reported abnormities in CIV by CTV were in agreement with those by intravascular angiography. The medical staff believed that CTV could guide the performance of surgeries for LEV and the patients perceived CTV acceptable. Conclusions Application of CTV for early and accurate detection of LEDV abnormalities including thrombosis has been proven to be efficient. Corresponding benefit in early intervention and reduction of severe complications of such abnormalities is of important value. CTV earned good recognition from medical staff and patients. Hence, it could be considered as part of global health assistance cooperation with developing countries to facilitate enhanced medical services.
A Case of Severe Aortic Stenosis after Aortic Valve Neocuspidization Using Autologous Pericardium (Ozaki Procedure)

A 56-year-old man with a history of left nephrectomy for Wilms’ tumor on chronic hemodialysis underwent aortic valve neocuspidization using autologous pericardium (Ozaki procedure) for aortic stenosis (AS) due to a bicuspid aortic valve 6 years ago. The AS gradually progressed and a decrease in the left ventricular ejection fraction was observed. Because of this, we decided to perform reoperative aortic valve replacement using a mechanical valve. Intraoperative findings showed severe calcification at the site where the autologous pericardium was sutured to the annulus. However, the degeneration of the valve leaflets themselves was mild. While excellent mid-term results have been reported for the Ozaki procedure, the long-term results are still unclear. In this case, the annulus was severely calcified, which reduced the mobility of the leaflet. We report the first case of AS progression requiring reoperation in the long-term period after the Ozaki procedure.