Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Textile-structured electrodes for electrocardiogram

This paper reviews textile-structured electrodes, an interactive textile device, for wearable electrocardiogram (ECG), which will have a profound influence on the health-monitoring practice in the society. A brief description of human cardiac bioelectricity signal using mechanism and acquisition methods by commercial medical electrodes and textile-based electrodes, respectively, is provided. The advantages and disadvantages of these two types of electrodes are discussed. The conduction of ECG signal within the human body, through skin-electrode interface and in electrodes, is also discussed. The ECG signal is picked up usually by commercial medical electrodes, which transform ionic current into electron current from human body to electrode. For ECG recording, there are different types of electrodes available in the market. These electrodes are usually used as disposable types, utilizing hydrogel contact electrolyte and glue, which may cause skin problems in long-term usage. Therefore, textile-structured electrodes are alternative candidates for long-term usage, and wearable due to their intrinsic properties. The designing principles of textile electrodes are presented based on the performance requirements of electrodes. A new evaluation system of textile electrode is presented in the end of the paper.
Lifestyle Modification in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome: Statement From Korean Society of CardioMetabolic Syndrome (KSCMS)

Author's summary Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly prevalent and is associated with worse cardiovascular outcome. Lifestyle modification is the most effective way to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular complications caused by MetS. Here, we would like to review the effects and specific methods of the 6 lifestyle modifications (weight control, smoking cessation, alcohol drinking in moderation, diet control, exercise and physical activity, and cognitive behavioral therapy) and control of blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and blood sugar based on evidence in the management of MetS.
The interplay between math anxiety and working memory on math performance: a longitudinal study

Mathematical skills are essential to mastering everyday activities, making professional choices, and exercising citizenship in a numerate society. There is extensive evidence of the relationship between math anxiety (MA) and working memory (WM) influencing math attainment. Studies have mainly considered adult samples, however, leaving primary school children almost unexplored. This study is a first attempt to examine how the complex interplay between MA and WM affects math achievement from a developmental perspective. A total of 148 third graders were assessed with WM, general anxiety (GA), MA, and math tasks. Anxiety and WM were assessed at the beginning of the school year when children started attending grade 3, while math achievement was tested twice at the start of grades 3 and 4. The findings seem to confirm that GA has both a direct and an indirect effect (mediated by WM) on math performance in third and fourth graders. MA has a direct effect on math performance in grade 4, but only an indirect effect in grade 3, suggesting MA has a developmental trajectory, becoming stronger over time. The implications in the educational setting are discussed, pointing to the importance of a combined intervention on MA and WM.
Improving Gearbox Design and Analysis for Offshore Wind Turbines

The paper outlines challenges in improving wind turbine availability to reduce the cost of offshore wind energy. It reports the development of a design software tool for wind turbine gearboxes. It facilitates efficient conceptual designs of wind turbine gearboxes with combinations of epicyclic and parallel gear trains. Field loading conditions are obtained by analysing SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) data to support fatigue damage estimation based on Miner’s rule. Results show that considerable overloading conditions are present which would result in significant fatigue damages to the gearbox.
Effects of Urban Fabric Changes on Real Estate Property Tax Revenue

Parking serves as the terminal facility for automobile-oriented transportation systems, but the impacts of its provision are often left unstudied. Providing too much parking in cities can undermine long-term transportation and development goals by creating a sparse or fragmented built environment. This study examined the changes in parking supplies, development characteristics, and travel mode shares in the past 60 years in six medium-sized cities. In three of these cities, parking supply increased significantly during the study period; in the other three cities parking supply increased only slightly. The main objective of this paper is to illustrate how these changes in parking supplies have affected the tax revenues in each city. An analysis based on geographic information systems was used to calculate the tax revenue of all properties in the study area of each city. Tax revenues generated from parking were quantified and were compared with tax revenues from nonparking uses on a proportional basis. Across the six cities, land occupied by surface parking contributed between 5% and 17% of the tax revenue that land occupied by taxable nonparking uses contributed. The analysis characterized an important concession involved in devoting large areas of land in the center of a city to surface parking.
A SECOND LOOK AT TAYLOR'S STABILITY CHART

Taylor’s stability chart is the main tool used for engineering analysis of simple homogeneous slope stability problems. It is likely that this situation will continue in the future. One of the main deficiencies of Taylor’s original presentation is that it does not provide a convenient, general tool for establishing the critical slip circle associated with a given stability problem. Critical circles define the extent of the potentially unstable zone, and this information is quite useful in many practical situations. The present work completes Taylor’s classical investigation of stability of homogeneous slopes, and presents the tools necessary in order to establish not only stability numbers (safety factors), but also critical slip circles associated with those numbers. The information defining critical slip circles is presented in a simple chart form which is convenient for practical applications.
Comparing supervised and unsupervised approaches to multimodal emotion recognition

We investigated emotion classification from brief video recordings from the GEMEP database wherein actors portrayed 18 emotions. Vocal features consisted of acoustic parameters related to frequency, intensity, spectral distribution, and durations. Facial features consisted of facial action units. We first performed a series of person-independent supervised classification experiments. Best performance (AUC = 0.88) was obtained by merging the output from the best unimodal vocal (Elastic Net, AUC = 0.82) and facial (Random Forest, AUC = 0.80) classifiers using a late fusion approach and the product rule method. All 18 emotions were recognized with above-chance recall, although recognition rates varied widely across emotions (e.g., high for amusement, anger, and disgust; and low for shame). Multimodal feature patterns for each emotion are described in terms of the vocal and facial features that contributed most to classifier performance. Next, a series of exploratory unsupervised classification experiments were performed to gain more insight into how emotion expressions are organized. Solutions from traditional clustering techniques were interpreted using decision trees in order to explore which features underlie clustering. Another approach utilized various dimensionality reduction techniques paired with inspection of data visualizations. Unsupervised methods did not cluster stimuli in terms of emotion categories, but several explanatory patterns were observed. Some could be interpreted in terms of valence and arousal, but actor and gender specific aspects also contributed to clustering. Identifying explanatory patterns holds great potential as a meta-heuristic when unsupervised methods are used in complex classification tasks.
A novel change detection method using remotely sensed image time series value and shape based dynamic time warping

Abstract Satellite image time series change detection methods provide comprehensive understanding of land cover changes. Traditional bi-temporal change detection methods in satellite image time series require consistent time series lengths and use only time series value or shape to calculate change magnitude maps, which may not fully utilize land cover change information. To address this challenge, we propose a change detection method using remotely sensed image time series value and shape based dynamic time warping (TSVS). Change magnitude maps were obtained from the time series trajectories of NDVI and MNDWI using time series value-based dynamic time warping method and time series shape-based dynamic time warping method. Change detection results were derived by clustering the polar coordinate space of time series value and shape using Gaussian mixture model method. Experiments using Landsat images show that the TSVS method improves about 2.75–5.10% compared to the CVA_GMM method, reducing the generation of false alarms.
Evolution of Collaboration in Temporary Project Teams: An Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation Approach

As construction projects get larger and more complex, it has become clear that no single entity can have complete knowledge of or the abilities to handle all matters. Therefore, collaborative practices among heterogeneous individuals, which are temporarily congregated to perform a project, are required to accomplish common project objectives. On the basis of this premise, this paper introduces an agent-based simulation of the evolution of collaboration within interorganizational networks of construction project teams from game theory and social network perspectives. The simulation confirmed that the fewer individuals are familiar with others in the network, and thereby aware of networks they are involved in, the more time it takes for networks to reach stable states. It was also found that the tendency of cohesion increased as the effort to form relationships with outside partners rose. Furthermore, the results indicated that the more effort needed to form relationships with those from other organizations.
Spectral-domain Green's function of magnetic type for NRD guides and H-guides

Nonradiative dielectric guides and H-guides are widely used in millimeter-wave integrated circuits and antennas. To analyze the behavior of discontinuities, obstacles, and slots in such structures, an increasingly used mathematical formulation is the integral-equation approach, for which Green's function is required. Here, an efficient programmable full-wave Green's function, due to a magnetic-current element placed inside the dielectric layer, is derived in the spectral domain. In the derivation procedure, the field is divided into two parts: the incident and scattering fields. The contribution of the surface wave is included in the scattering part, while the singularity, when the field and source points are the same, is presented in the incident field part. By doing so, one can deal with the singularity caused by the source and surface-wave poles encountered in the integration separately and freely. The Green's function is then used to analyze the radiation characteristics of a single transverse slot in upper plate of the H-guide. The results obtained are in good agreement with experimental data available in literature.
Information capacity of additive white Gaussian noise channel with practical constraints

The paper describes the determination of the additive white Gaussian noise channel information transmission capacity when the channel input and output are limited by certain constraints. The channel input constraints are those of signal amplitude, or signal amplitude and average power. The input signal amplitude and average power constraints are defined by restricting the channel input to values within the finite interval [—A, + A] and also to have average power equal to some specified value. The channel output constraint is that of signal clipping due to quantisation applied at the receiver. The input signal amplitude/output signal clipping constrained capacity, and the input signal amplitude and average power/output signal clipping constrained capacity are determined separately. It is found that there are unique, optimum and discrete input signal amplitude distributions, taking a finite number of values, and optimum output signal clippings that achieve these capacity values. The optimum input distribution values are also used to determine the optimum amplitude probability density function at the channel output.
Application of adaptive learning networks for the detection of failing power system components

A system capable of monitoring mine electrical power systems and detecting component failure in early stages could significantly improve power system safety and availability. Such monitoring would require a method of evaluating electrical features, calculated from terminal values, for indications of component deterioration. Research is being conducted by the US Bureau of Mines to examine the use of mathematical models to aid in this evaluation by creating polynomial networks called adaptive learning networks that can indicate deteriorated conditions in cable-connected motor systems. This process uses laboratory training data to select the electrical features most significant for accurately modeling cable-motor system conditions and forms mathematical expressions relating these features to the presence and severity of deterioration. Particular attention is given to PNETTR-4X, a modelling software package that forms adaptive learning networks from input training data using an unsupervised learning process. Models developed thus far can process readily measured terminal information and quantify deterioration power and current to within 3% of motor full load values. >
To Fight or to Grow: The Balancing Role of Ethylene in Plant Abiotic Stress Responses

Plants often live in adverse environmental conditions and are exposed to various stresses, such as heat, cold, heavy metals, salt, radiation, poor lighting, nutrient deficiency, drought, or flooding. To adapt to unfavorable environments, plants have evolved specialized molecular mechanisms that serve to balance the trade-off between abiotic stress responses and growth. These mechanisms enable plants to continue to develop and reproduce even under adverse conditions. Ethylene, as a key growth regulator, is leveraged by plants to mitigate the negative effects of some of these stresses on plant development and growth. By cooperating with other hormones, such as jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), brassinosteroids (BR), auxin, gibberellic acid (GA), salicylic acid (SA), and cytokinin (CK), ethylene triggers defense and survival mechanisms thereby coordinating plant growth and development in response to abiotic stresses. This review describes the crosstalk between ethylene and other plant hormones in tipping the balance between plant growth and abiotic stress responses.
The Advanced Noise Control Fan Baseline Measurements

The NASA Glenn Research Center s (NASA Glenn) Advanced Noise Control Fan (ANCF) was developed in the early 1990s to provide a convenient test bed to measure and understand fan-generated acoustics, duct propagation, and radiation to the farfield. As part of a complete upgrade, current baseline and acoustic measurements were documented. Extensive in-duct, farfield acoustic, and flow field measurements are reported. This is a follow-on paper to documenting the operating description of the ANCF.
Significant Canadian Earthquakes of the Period 1600–2006

Raising earthquake awareness is an important goal of seismological research. In this respect, the effect of past local earthquakes is an excellent means to raise the local population's awareness. For this reason, Natural Resources Canada has put numerous photographic examples of impacts of local earthquakes on its Web sites (see, for example, http://www.earthquakescanada.ca). The information the site contains is used in the production of various publications and Web pages and is an important source of information for the public. Another much-used public awareness tool is the Atlas of Canada, formerly on paper but now online, which provides authoritative, current, and accessible geographic information products. The atlas facilitates the integration and analysis of diverse data in order to increase overall knowledge about Canada. One much-consulted component of the Web-based atlas (http://www.atlas.gc.ca) is the natural hazards maps (floods, forest fires, landslides, volcanoes, avalanches, hurricanes, tornadoes, tsunamis, and earthquakes). The information is used by the public as well as by emergency organizations that seek information on the threats faced by their communities. Before 2007, the Atlas of Canada provided very limited information on earthquake activity in Canada. Thirty earthquakes were briefly described in a nonsystematic manner that did not truly reflect the distribution of earthquakes across the territory or the recent advances in descriptions of historical earthquakes. To update the Atlas of Canada pages on earthquakes, the authors decided to create a list that would include up-to-date information on significant earthquakes in Canada. The authors also decided to publish the results and methodology in a Geological Survey of Canada Open File Report (Lamontagne et al. 2007) as a means of properly documenting each earthquake and ensuring peer review by Geological Survey of Canada seismologists. The new list could also update other existing sites including the EarthquakesCanada Web site. This paper details how the …
A hybrid ensemble learning-based prediction model to minimise delay in air cargo transport using bagging and stacking

Manufacturing productivity is inextricably linked to air freight handling for the global delivery of finished and semi-finished goods. In this article, our focus is to capture the transport risk associated with air freight which is the difference between the actual and the planned time of arrival of a shipment. To mitigate the time-related uncertainties, it is essential to predict the delays with adequate precision. Initially, data from a case study in the transportation and logistics sector were pre-processed and divided into categories based on the duration of the delays in various legs. Existing datasets are transformed into a series of features, followed by extracting important features using a decision tree-based algorithm. To predict the delay with maximum accuracy, we used an improved hybrid ensemble learning-based prediction model with bagging and stacking enabled by characteristics like time, flight schedule, and transport legs. We also calculated the dependency of accuracy on the point in time during business process execution is examined while predicting. Our results show all predictive methods consistently have a precision of at least 70 per cent, provided a lead-time of half the duration of the process. Consistently, the proposed model provides strategic and sustainable insights to decision-makers for cargo handling.
Long wavelength lasers on GaAs substrates

A compact review is given of the development of the device performance of GaAs-based long wavelength diode lasers with emission wavelengths from 1.3 to 1.55mm. The main focus is on GaInNAs quantum wells and InAs quantum dot lasers. However, the Ga(In)AsSb material system is also briefly considered. The latest results of the present authors are discussed in relation to the trends observed in the review. These suggest that Auger recombination is an important intrinsic recombination mechanism in both 1.3mm GaInNAs-based quantum well and InAs-based quantum dot lasers. The ever increasing bandwidth demanded in modern local area (LAN) and metro area (MAN) networks is pushing existing technologies to their limits. Fibre networks based on GaAs/AlGaAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) technology were designed to operate with transmission rates of up to 100 Mbit/s. To achieve 1- 10 Gbit/s transmission rates and above over the distances necessary (B10 km) it is not possible to use standard 850 nm devices. To achieve this, the operating wavelength has to be in the 1.3m mo r 1.55mm regime, where standard single mode fibre exhibits zero dispersion and minimum loss, respectively. Due to the high volume of emitters and receivers required for an upgrade of existing local and metro area networks, InGaAsP/InP-based edge-emitting lasers (EEL), as used in long distance communication, are unfavourable due to their high cost. This situation motivated the development of long wavelength VCSELs based on the cost effective and well established GaAs material system. In recent years three main approaches have been pursued; GaInNAs/Ga(N)As quantum well (QW) lasers, InAs quantum dot (QD) lasers and Ga(In)AsSb QW lasers. In this paper we give a compact review of the development of the performance of edge-emitting and vertical cavity surface-emitting devices over the last years, focussing mainly on GaInNAs QW and InAs QD laser diodes.
The Four-Second Supervisor: Multi-Tasking Supervision and Its Support

Supervision is a broad term that covers a wide range of task environments and cognitive activities. Here, we describe one specific type called multi-tasking supervision. It involves rapidly assessing a set of distinct systems or situations and determining where attention is needed moment by moment. Multi-tasking supervision is a key component of many command and control, and other, tasks. This paper focuses on understanding the cognitive needs of multi-tasking supervision and developing support concepts for it. First, we place multi-tasking supervision within the context of other types of supervision. Next, we consider the types of tasks and work environments that are appropriate for multi-tasking supervision. Finally, we discuss computer display concepts for supporting multi-tasking supervision.
TBT Paints and the Demise of the Dog-Whelk, Nucella Lapillus (Gastropoda)

Imposex, the development of male sex organs on the female, is initiated in the stenoglossan gastropod Nucella lapillus by tin in the tributyl fraction in sea water at concentrations below 1 ng/l. The stages in the development of imposex are described and two indices measuring the intensity of the syndrome in populations defined. Fully-developed imposex causes blockage of the oviduct, preventing release of egg capsules; this reproductive failure and concomitant lack of recruitment has led to the decline of populations to the point of extinction in areas heavily contaminated (>6-8 ng/l of TBT tin) by leachates from TBT-containing antifouling paints.
Parasagittal Cystic Lesions May Arise from the Pial Sheath around the Cortical Venous Wall

It has been reported that perivenous cystic structures near the parasagittal dura are associated with the leakage of gadolinium-based contrast agents at 4 hours after intravenous administration. The origin of such cystic structures remains unknown. While reading many cases of MR cisternography, we noticed that some of the cystic structures appeared to connect to the perivenous subpial space. This new imaging finding might facilitate future research of the waste clearance system for the central nervous system.