Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arfarniad o ddulliau dysgu ac addysgu yng nghyd-destun addysg uwchradd ddwyieithog

Cyd-destun y thesis hwn yw 'r dulliau addysgu a dysgu a ddefuyddir gan athrawon ysgolion uwchradd Gwynedd. Canolbwyntiwyd yn bennaf ar flynyddoedd 7-9 gan mai yn y blynyddoedd hynny y mae polisi iaith y Sir, sy'n annog dwyieithrwydd 0 fewnpwnc, yn fwyaf arwyddocaol, ac yn rhydd 0 ymyrraeth allanol. Mae addysg uwchradd ddwyieithog yn golygu llawer mwy na dysgu trwy gyfrwng dwy iaith;rhaid edrych ar yr holl newidynnau sy'n rhan o'r sefyllfa; - iaith y disgyblion, cyfrwng y dysgu, iaith y deunydd, cytbwysedd ieithyddol ar draws y pynciau ac 0 fewn pwnc. Ar sail theori ac ymchwiliadau blaenorol cychwynnwyd o'r cynsail fod y defuydd a wneir mewn dosbarth o'r moddau iaith, yn hybu dealItwriaeth bynciol yn ogystal a datblygu'r iaith a ddefuyddir. O'r herwydd manylwyd ar y defuydd ohonynt mewn sefyllfaoedd dysgu uniaith a dwyieithog. Canolbwyntiwyd yn ystod y ddau gyfuod arsylwi ar ral yr athro 0 fewn ysefyllfaoedd dysgu hynny gan fod pwrpas ymarferol yn ogystal ag academaidd i'r ymchwil; sefllunio Pecyn H.M.S. y byddai modd ei ddefnyddio i annog adfyfyrio ar ranyr athrawon, a thrafodaethau adrannol a fyddai'n arwain at lunio neu newid polisiau'r adran. Y n ystod y cyfuod arsylwi cyntaf, dilynwyd dosbarthiadau neu unigolion amddyddiau cyfan gan arsylwi ym mhob gwers. Dewiswyd dosbarthiadau uniaithGymraeg alneu dwyieithog 0 fewn ysgolion a chasglwyd data trwy lunio nodiadaumanwl. Y n ystod yr ail gyfuod defnyddiwyd camera i gofnodi'r data fel y geUid eiddadansoddi'n fanylach wrth ganolbwyntio ar ansawdd y dysgu a'r addysgu ac roeddid yn chwilio am sefyllfaoedd penodol a oedd yn arwyddocaol 0 safbwynt eu cyd-destunieithyddol neu'r fethodoleg ddysgu a ddefnyddid. Oblygiadau ymarferol i athrawon yw mwyafrif y canlyniadau er bod un dosbarth yn canolbwyntio ar beth ellid ei wneud yn genedlaethol i hyrwyddo datblygiaddwyieithog.
Effects of dietary supplementation of a blend of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, multiple live probiotic bacteria, and their fermentation products on performance, health, and rumen bacterial community of newly weaned beef steers during a 56-d receiving period

Abstract We examined the effects of a blend of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, multiple live probiotic bacteria, and their fermentation products on performance, health, and the ruminal bacterial community of newly weaned beef steers during a 56-d receiving period. Forty newly weaned Angus crossbred steers (221 ± 25.6 kg BW; 180 ± 17 d of age) were stratified by body weight (BW) into four pens (10 steers per pen) such that each pen had a similar average BW at the beginning of the experiment. The pens were randomly assigned to receive a corn silage basal diet (CON; n = 20) or the basal diet supplemented with 9 g/steer/d of PRO feed additive (PRO; n = 20). The PRO additive is a blend of S. cerevisiae and the fermentation products of Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus licheniformis, B. subtilis, Lactobacillus animalis, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. The DMI and water consumed were monitored using the GrowSafe intake nodes and custom flow meters, respectively. BWs were recorded weekly to calculate average daily gain (ADG). Before morning feeding, 10 mL of blood was taken from each steer on days 0–7, and thereafter weekly for analyses of immune cells, plasma glucose, and NEFAs. On day 56, rumen fluid samples (200 mL each) were collected from all the steers for microbiome analysis. Over the 56-d receiving period, the supplemental PRO had no effects on DMI, water intake, or ADG. However, compared to CON, beef steers fed supplemental PRO tended to have greater ADG (P = 0.08) and BW (P = 0.07) during the first 14 d of the study. There was a treatment × day interaction (P ≤ 0.05) for WBC, neutrophils and monocytes over the 56 d such that beef steers fed supplemental PRO had lower blood concentrations on certain days during the first 7 d after weaning, indicating reduced inflammation or stress response. The results of the rumen microbiome analysis revealed that the relative abundance of complex fiber degrading or obligate proton-reducing bacterial genera such as Bacteroides, Ruminococcus gauvreauii group, Desulfovibrio, Syntrophococcus, and Acetitomaculum were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in beef steers fed supplemental PRO compared to CON. This study demonstrated that dietary supplementation of PRO improved the growth performance, reduced stress or inflammatory response during the initial days after weaning, and altered the ruminal bacterial community toward increased relative abundance of bacterial genera associated with improved rumen function.
Design and Implementation of Defense Schemes to Support Reactor Operations in the Ketapang Isolated System

The Ketapang Isolated System consists of 3 substations and 2 types of generators, namely coal-fired steam power plants and diesel power plants which operate in the 20 kV voltage range so they have limitations in operating the 150 kV transmission line. To support the operation of the transmission line, it is necessary to operate a compensator in the form of a reactor which is a challenge because there are operational limitations that must be maintained. With operating settings and also the reactor, the operation of the 150 kV transmission line can be maximized. In order for the system to remain reliable and safe, a defense scheme is needed when there is a disturbance in the transmission line and the reactor so that the disturbance can be cleared immediately and does not cause a domino trip effect on the generator causing the system to extend outages. This defense scheme will work to remove the transmission line when there is a disturbance in the reactor and vice versa will release the reactor when there is a disturbance in the 2 transmission line segments to keep the reactive power absorbed by the generator still within operating limits. The system is designed to cope with various variations of disturbance conditions, namely disturbances on the reactor side, generator or even disturbances on the transmission line side. This scheme has been implemented and the implementation results show that the defense scheme works selectively and reliably according to design in maintaining system voltage stability and has succeeded in saving the system in the event of a disturbance in the reactor, transmission line or generator.
A Review on the Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers on Plants

: The industrial revolution followed by green revolution caused an increase in yield per unit area in crop production, but they also increased the use of synthetic fertilizers in agriculture. Intensive inorganic fertilizer usage in agriculture causes so many health problems and unrecoverable environmental pollution. To reduce and eliminate the adverse effects of Synthetic fertilizers on human health and environment, new agricultural practices have been developed that all so-called organic agriculture. The organic fertilizers include peat, animal wastes, plant waste from agriculture, and treated sewage sludge whereas inorganic fertilizers include chemicals like ammonium nitrate, potassium chloride, urea, NPK etc. Inorganic fertilizers accumulate salt which expends more energy to draw water from the soil and cause them to appear wilted or dried out and if there is a rainfall shortly after they are applied them the fertilizers wash away and can pollute streams, ponds and other water bodies. It can also leach away from the root zone of the plant it may enter through the plant to the food chain and they get accumulated and harm us. The plants are an efficient source of basic nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium as well as secondary and micronutrients such as calcium, boron, magnesium, and manganese. High chlorophyll content, the high percentage of protein and carbohydrate indicates, better physiological and biochemical conditions. It is usually suggested that the use of organic fertilizers and amendments are eco-friendly. The effect of organic and chemical fertilizers occurs significantly on the biochemical performance like chlorophyll content, protein and carbohydrate concentration of the crop plant and highlights the prospects and potential of using organic fertilizers.
Glucose Regulates Glucose Transport and Metabolism via mTOR Signaling Pathway in Bovine Placental Trophoblast Cells

Simple Summary During pregnancy, especially the perinatal period, cows are often in a state of negative energy balance due to the imbalance of glucose metabolism. As the main energy substrate to promote fetal development, glucose is mainly obtained from the mother through the placenta and the provision of glucose to the fetus depends on the activity of glucose transporters distributed within the placental tissue. As the basic component of placental tissue, placental trophoblast cells participate in nutrient supply and metabolism between mother and fetus. However, a noticeable void exists in the study of the function and potential regulation mechanism of placental trophoblast cells in ruminants. In light of this, the bovine placental trophoblast cells were treated with different dose-concentration glucose and the gene expression of glucose transport carriers and enzymes related to glucose metabolism were detected. Moreover, the signaling pathway of placental-sensing energy level changes were studied to explore the mechanism of placenta mediating energy metabolism transmission between mother and fetus. The results showed that glucose regulates cellular glucose transport and metabolism by mediating the mTOR signaling pathway in bovine placental trophoblast cells. Abstract It has been confirmed that improving the energy level of the diet contributed to the greater reproductive performance and birth weight of calves in periparturient dairy cows. To investigate the effect of glucose on nutrient transport during fetal development, the bovine placental trophoblast cells (BPTCs) were cultured in media with different glucose concentrations (1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 mg/mL). Subsequently, the BPTCs were cultured in media with 1, 8 mg/mL glucose and 8 mg/mL glucose plus 100 nmol/L rapamycin (the inhibitor of mTOR pathway). Compared with the 1 mg/mL glucose, the addition of 8 mg/mL glucose stimulated cell proliferation, upregulated the mRNA abundance of the glucose transporter GLUT1 and GLUT4, and increased the activity of glucose metabolism-related enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenease (G6PD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA) and phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), as well as adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) content (p < 0.05). Furthermore, compared with the treatment of 1 mg/mL glucose, adding 8 mg/mL of glucose-upregulated gene expression in the mTOR signaling pathway, including phosphatidylinositol3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 2 (P70S6K) (p < 0.05). The supplementation of rapamycin downregulated the gene and protein expression of the mTOR signaling pathway, including mTOR, P70S6K, EIF4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and gene expression of glucose transporter upregulated by 8 mg/mL glucose (p < 0.05). Thus, these results indicated that the addition of 8 mg/mL glucose regulated the glucose transport and metabolism in BPTCs through the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby promoting the supply of nutrients to fetus.
The Australasian Food Products Co-Op: A Global Information Systems Endeavour

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This case tells the story of a Food Products Co-op from “Australasia”1 and their attempt to create a global information system. The Co-op is among the 20 largest food enterprises in the world, and international information systems (IIS) have taken on increasing importance as the organization expanded rapidly during the 1980s and even more so as the enterprise refined their global operations in the last decade. Set in the six years since 1995, the story demonstrates the many pitfalls in the process of evolving an IIS as it follows the Co-op’s global business development. Two key findings stood out among the many lessons that can be drawn from the case: first, the notion of an “information system migration” following the development of the Global Business Strategy of the multi-national enterprise through various stages; second, the failure of the IIS to adapt to the organization’s strategy changes set up a field of antagonistic forces, in which business resistance summarily killed all attempts by the information technology department to install a standard global information system.
S100B Secretion in Astrocytes, Unlike C6 Glioma Cells, Is Downregulated by Lactate

S100B is a calcium-binding protein produced and secreted by astrocytes in response to various extracellular stimuli. C6 glioma cells are a lineage commonly employed for astroglial studies due to the expression of astrocyte specific markers and behavior. However, in high-glucose medium, C6 S100B secretion increases, in contrast to the trend in primary astrocyte cultures. Additionally, S100B secretion decreases due to fluorocitrate (FC), a Krebs cycle inhibitor, highlighting a connection between S100B and metabolism. Herein, we investigate the impact of FC on S100B secretion in primary astrocyte cultures, acute hippocampal slices and C6 glioma cells, as well as lactate mediation. Our results demonstrated that C6 responded similarly to astrocytes in various parameters, despite the decrease in S100B secretion, which was inversely observed in astrocytes and slices. Furthermore, FC inversely altered extracellular lactate in both models, suggesting a role for lactate in S100B secretion. This was reinforced by a decrease in S100B secretion in hippocampal slices treated with lactate and its agonist, but not in C6 cells, despite HCAR1 expression. Our findings indicate that extracellular lactate mediates the decrease in S100B secretion in astrocytes exposed to FC. They also emphasize the differences in C6 glioma cells regarding energetic metabolism. The proposed mechanism via HCAR1 provides further compelling evidence of the relationship between S100B and glucose metabolism.
Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Knee Range of Motion and Functional Abilities After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of combined low-level laser therapy (LLL) and rehabilitation in patients following recent total knee replacement (TKR). Methods: A double-blind randomized controlled study was conducted at the Orthopedic Department of Mansoura University Hospital. Forty-four patients were chosen from a total of 58 patients who met the inclusion criteria and were assigned randomly into control and experimental groups of equal size. Ultimately, 40 patients completed the study (20 from each group). Both groups participated in an intensive functional rehabilitation program, and the experimental group also received LLL therapy around the knee at the incisional line, the medial and lateral intra-articular space, above and below the patella, and at the popliteal fossa at low fluence (6 J/cm2, 650 nm continuous wave) and 60 s per point with a total dose of 48 J per session over 12 treatment sessions for six weeks. Knee range of motion (ROM) was measured with a digital goniometer, and functional abilities were assessed with the Arabic version of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index. Results: There were significant differences in all variables pre- and post-treatment within each group. Before treatment, there was no significant difference in any of the measured variables between the groups (P>0.05). After treatment, there were significant differences in knee flexion ROM and WOMAC index (P<0.05) but no significant difference in knee extension ROM between the groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The addition of low-level laser therapy to a rehabilitation program post-TKR resulted in substantial enhancements in knee flexion range of motion and the WOMAC index.
Research on binaural positioning and separation technology for underwater scenes

Under the condition of strong interference, sonar equipment faces the problem of ultra-wideband joint perception processing. The solution depends on the collection of multiple sonar equipment, which has the defects of high cost, low integration and low processing efficiency. This paper introduces the basic concept of binaural positioning and separation, and analyzes the research status of binaural positioning and separation for underwater scenes by referring to the mechanism of human binaural high gain and high resolution under the condition of small aperture dual elements. Based on the combination of sonar signal processing technology, it is proposed to carry out technical approaches such as underwater acoustic signal separation technology based on prior information and binaural differentiation, and homologous auditory clue fusion technology, which can be used for the development of binaural positioning and separation technology in underwater scenes.
Optimization of Corona Rings Parameters for 765kV and 500kV Polymer Insulators

In recent years, polymeric insulators have played an essential role in the power transmission system. To control the electric field strength and voltage distribution along the surface of the insulators. In this research, corona rings were used at the ends of the 765 kV and 500 kV polymeric insulators depending on the two-dimensional (2D) finite element method(FEM) and optimizing the position and dimensions of the corona rings using the Nelder Mead algorithm. The optimization problem is achieved by decreasing the electric field strength by obtaining the parameter values for optimal corona loops. According to the numerical results, the Nelder Mead technique reduced the field strength by 69% for the 765 kV insulator compared to the field strength at the original values of the corona rings and 32% of the field strength for the 500 kV insulator. This methodology is characterized by high-performance speed and can be applied to different levels of voltages.
BURNOUT ESTUDIANTIL Y CALIDAD DE VIDA EN ESTUDIANTES DE PSICOLOGÍA DE UNA UNIVERSIDAD PRIVADA DE LIMA SUR

Estudio cuya finalidad fue determinar la relación entre los constructos burnout con calidad de vida en universitarios de una institución superior ubicada en un distrito de Lima sur. El método corresponde a los diseños no experimentales, trasversal a nivel comparativo correlacional. La muestra estuvo conformada por 200 estudiantes universitarios entre un rango de edad de 16 a 48 años de edad correspondiendo a varones y mujeres. Se utilizó como instrumentos la Escala Unidimensional de Burnout Estudiantil de Barraza adaptada por Gomez (2017) y la Escala de Calidad de Vida de Olson y Barnes adaptada por Grimaldo (2009). El análisis de los datos mostraron una asociación entre las variables de manera inversa a un nivel moderado y altamente significativo (p<.01; rs= -.499). Por otro lado se evidencia que un 43.5% de la muestra se encuentran agrupados en la categoría de nivel medio. Se concluye finalmente a a mayor intensidad de percepción de burnout estudiantil, la calidad de vida será percibida en menor intensidad.
Utilizing Similarity for Improved Intrusion Detection: Autonomous Community Formation for Practical Heterogeneity Management

Detecting intrusions in modern network infrastructures is challenging due to the networks’ growing size and complexity in structure. While several approaches try to cope with those challenges, few address problems arising from heterogeneity and changes within those infrastructures.We present the idea of a self-forming community approach that integrates federated learning (FL) with distributed intrusion detection systems based on anomaly detection. It autonomously separates the anomaly detection models into communities at runtime with the goal of mutual information exchange using FL techniques to improve detection accuracy. Community formation is realized via the introduction of a similarity score between each pair of models, indicating which models would profit from aggregation. Through a re-evaluation of the similarity score during runtime, changes in the deployed infrastructure can be considered, and the communities adapted. Our initial experiments demonstrate that our approach achieves a zero false alarm rate on a real-world dataset, in contrast to related work with false positive rates as high as 37.5% on that data set, while maintaining an identical intrusion detection rate of up to 98%.
Ethorobotic rats for rodent behavioral research: design considerations

The development of robots as tools for biological research, sometimes termed “biorobotics”, has grown rapidly in recent years, fueled by the proliferation of miniaturized computation and advanced manufacturing techniques. Much of this work is focused on the use of robots as biomechanical models for natural systems. But, increasingly, biomimetic robots are being employed to interact directly with animals, as component parts of ethology studies in the field and behavioral neuroscience studies in the laboratory. While it has been possible to mechanize and automate animal behavior experiments for decades, only recently has there been the prospect of creating at-scale robotic animals containing the sensing, autonomy and actuation necessary for complex, life-like interaction. This not only opens up new avenues of enquiry, but also provides important ways to improve animal welfare, both by reducing or replacing the use of animal subjects, and by minimizing animal distress (if robots are used judiciously). This article will discuss the current state of the art in robotic lab rats, providing perspective on where research could be directed to enable the safe and effective use of biorobotic animals.
The Australian Labour Market

The Australian labour market is at its healthiest condition for over a decade. Strong employment growth since 1993 has led to a systematic decline in the unemployment rate. We review the developments in the Australian labour market over this recovery period, noting the sectoral and spatial dimensions of the additional jobs generated. In addition, we emphasise the continued presence of considerable labour underutilisation, despite the strong employment growth. This period has also seen the continued growing share of non-standard employment arrangements. The review considers whether one of these non-standard employment types, casual employment, has been overstated in the labour force data. Finally, we highlight another striking development over the recovery period, the diminishing public sector employment share and relate it to the failure of the economy to achieve full employment. This is the first annual survey of the Australian labour market to be included in the yearly reviews published by the Journal of Industrial Relations. As such, we are honoured to present this survey and hope that we can establish a benchmark for future reviews of the Australian labour market. By its nature this survey will cover a longer time-period than 1 year as we do not have the previous year’s review to reference. We hope to establish a labour market context for industrial relations in the 2000s.
EWSeg: a fast segmentation algorithm for images based on edge linking and watershed constraints

In this paper, we propose a two-stage algorithm, named watershed-constrained image segmentation, for exploring complete edge-closed regions from edges. In the first stage, the input image is pre-processed and the image gradient information is obtained using a gradient operator. Anchors are then obtained from the gradient information. Finally, initial edges are obtained by intelligently connecting the anchors. In the second stage, a marker-based watershed algorithm is adopted to obtain marker points from the gradient information obtained in the first stage. A Gaussian filtered image is then used as the input image to obtain a watershed hyper-segmented edge map. Finally, complete edge-closed regions are obtained by combining the initial edges and the hyper-segmented edge map and searching for weak edges. The image segmentation results are then obtained from the edge-closed regions, demonstrating the excellent performance of our proposed algorithm on various images and videos.