Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric effects on land classification using satellites and their correction.

Haze occurs almost every year in Malaysia and is caused by smoke which originates from forest fire in Indonesia. It causes visibility to drop, therefore affecting the data acquired for this area using optical sensor such as that on board Landsat - the remote sensing satellite that have provided the longest continuous record of Earth's surface. The work presented in this thesis is meant to develop a better understanding of atmospheric effects on land classification using satellite data and method of removing them. To do so, the two main atmospheric effects dealt with here are cloud and haze. Detection of cloud and its shadow are carried out using MODIS algorithms due to allowing optimal use of its rich bands. The analysis is applied to Landsat data, in which shows a high agreement with other methods. The thesis then concerns on determining the most suitable classification scheme to be used. Maximum Likelihood (ML) is found to be a preferable classification scheme due to its simplicity, objectivity and ability to classify land covers with acceptable accuracy. The effects of haze are subsequently modelled and simulated as a summation of a weighted signal component and a weighted pure haze component. By doing so, the spectral and statistical properties of the land classes can be systematically investigated, in which showing that haze modifies the class spectral signatures, consequently causing the classification accuracy to decline. Based on the haze model, a method of removing haze from satellite data was developed and tested using both simulated and real datasets. The results show that the removal method is able clean up haze and improve classification accuracy, yet a highly non-uniform haze may hamper its performance.
Plant color adaptation to solar radiation: A study of qualitative and quantitative characteristics

: This paper investigated latitudinal and seasonal variations in the qualitative characteristics of solar radiation (spectral composition, position of the maximum and short-wave boundary) in the ultraviolet and visible regions. It has been established that, depending on the latitude and season, the peaks λ=415 nm, λ=480 nm, λ=500 - 505 nm, λ=525 - 535 nm, λ=575 - 590 nm, λ=610 - 700 nm, λ=722.5 nm, λ=735 nm, λ=740 nm, λ=760 nm and λ=765 nm may appear. Coloring surfaces variants whose absorption spectrum corresponds to these peaks are considered. It has been suggested that the coloration of the corolla in flowering plants is the result of adaptation to the solar spectrum maximum and may determine convergent seasonal and latitudinal coloration in species of flowering plants.
HUBUNGAN IKLIM ORGANISASI DENGAN KOMITMEN PROFESI PADA GURU SMAN X

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan iklim organisasi dengan komitmen profesi pada guru SMAN X. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis product moment. Subjek penelitian adalah seluruh guru SMAN X yang berjumlah 44 orang. Metode pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh. Penelitian ini menggunakan skala komitmen profesi yang terdiri dari 8 item dan skala iklim organisasi yang terdiri dari 26 item. Dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang dipakai adalah teknik pengumpulan data berupa skala, yaitu skala dengan model jawaban Likert. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara komitmen profesi dengan iklim organisasi pada guru SMAN X dengan nilai korelasi sebesar 0, 456 dan p= 0,002 (p<0,01). Terdapat hubungan positif antara komitmen profesi dengan iklim organisasi pada guru yang bekerja di SMAN X.
Dual-Band Hexagonal Patch Antenna for Wireless and ISM Application

In this research, we introduce a hexagonal patch antenna with a hexagonal slot in the Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) feed configuration, specifically engineered for wireless and ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) band applications. The antenna, with dimensions of $22 \times 24 \times 1.6 \text{mm}^{3}$ on an FR-4 substrate, demonstrates impressive performance characteristics. It exhibits excellent impedance matching, achieving a return loss below −15dB and a Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of less than 2. The antenna also attains a substantial gain exceeding 3dBi across the operating frequencies, with an efficiency of over 80%. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the antenna's radiation patterns. The research underscores the antenna's potential for dual-band operation within the ISM frequency range (2.5 GHz to 5.9 GHz) and its suitability for integration into wireless communication systems. This hexagonal patch antenna presents a compelling solution for a wide range of wireless applications, delivering strong performance, efficient operation, and dual-band capability.
Effect of Surface Rock Fragment Cover on Accumulation of Organic Matter and Charcoal on Mountain Soils in Northern California

Author(s): Clements, Philip Robert | Advisor(s): Graham, Robert C | Abstract: Soil surface covers are critical to understanding the influence of aboveground inputs on underlying soils. Surface covers are often composed of organic material, but mountain soil surfaces are sometimes covered with rock fragments. This study compared mountain soils at two study sites in Klamath National Forest to determine the influence of surface rock fragments on physical soil properties and organic matter accumulation. One soil had a distinct surface rock fragment layer of cobbles and stones above the soil, and the other had only a layer of organic litter. Soil temperature and moisture were measured continuously for a year. Organic litter, soil organic carbon, and pyrogenic carbon were measured and described to detect differences in decomposition and microbial activity. Morphology of the surface horizons was distinctly different, and accumulation of litter around rock fragments was not continuous across the surface. The O horizons from each site show dissimilarity in decomposition, but soil organic carbon was generally similar within the mineral soils. Results indicate that surface rock fragments increased soil and near-surface temperatures, and controlled moisture movement and retention to a lesser extent. These factors may negatively influence microbial and fungal activity, which are dependent on temperature and moisture status in the litter layers around rock fragments. Examination of pyrogenic char samples suggests that surface rock fragments can control or impede the contact between aboveground inputs and underlying mineral soils. In addition, contact with soil microbes that may use char as habitat, can be prevented.
Concentrations and species composition of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as observed during the wet and dry season in Rondônia (Amazonia)

[1] We measured atmospheric gas-phase volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at the end of the wet and end of the dry season at a tropical rainforest site in Rondonia, Brazil, using various sampling techniques such as trapping on different adsorbents or cryogenic trapping combined with appropriate analysis techniques. The measuring sites were located inside the forest of a biological reserve near Ji-Parana. Sampling was performed from 3 May 1999 to 17 May 1999 and from 24 September 1999 to 2 November 1999 during the “wet-to-dry season transition” and “dry-to-wet season transition” periods in Rondonia, respectively. Samples were obtained at the canopy top close to the potential sources/sinks for these compounds as well as above the forest. We report the measured concentrations of a large number of different VOCs and their oxidation products, such as isoprenoids, organic acids, carbonyls, aromatics, and alcohols. The most prominent VOCs present in air over the last part of the wet season were isoprene, formaldehyde, and formic acid, with mixing ratios of each ranging up to several parts per billion (ppb). Methyl vinyl ketone as well as methacrolein, both oxidation products of isoprene, ranged around 1 ppb. The sum of the measured monoterpene concentrations was below 1 ppb. At the end of the dry season, the amount of C1–C2 organic acids and C1–C2 aldehydes increased significantly up to 17 and 25 ppb, respectively, which is thought to result significantly from vegetation fire emissions. High methanol concentrations also support this scenario. At the same time, however, atmospheric mixing ratios of biogenic compounds such as isoprene increased up to 30 ppb near the crown region and well above 10 ppb at 10–20 m over the forest, whereas monoterpene species seem to decrease. We discuss seasonal development of the vegetation and climatological factors to be responsible for such concentration pattern. The results give an impression about the variability and concentration of VOCs during the different seasons.
APROXIMACIÓN CONTEXTUAL A LA GÉNESIS DEL DISEÑO Y A LA CIENCIA DEL PROYECTO CONTEXTUAL APPROACH TO THE GENESIS OF DESIGN AND SCIENCE PROJECT

Este es el segundo articulo de una serie de tres, en el primero se realizo un breve resumen de la parte historica, desde la antiguedad hasta finales del siglo XX, donde se trato la evolucion de la teoria del conocimiento, enfocado desde sus principales y mas importantes actores, hasta lo que se ha venido a denominar La Ciencia del Proyecto. En esta segunda parte se va a tratar de la genesis del diseno y de la ciencia del proyecto, como ese conocimiento empirico adquirido por la experiencia (ensayo y error) y trasmitido de generacion en generacion llega a producir bienes y servicios, evolucionando para lograr soluciones mas dinamicas y eficientes a los problemas que son planteados, pudiendo obtener un plan previo y garantizar, de esta forma, el exito en la resolucion de un determinado problema. Palabras clave Diseno, metodo, problema, proyecto, proceso. Abstract This is the second of a series of three articles. On the first one we studied the evolution of the theory of knowledge into what is now known as project science and focused on its principal and more important authors from early human history to the end of the twentieth century. In this second part, we will study the genesis of the design of projects and its science as the empirical knowledge acquired by experience (trial and error) and passed on from generation to generation for the production of goods and services. In order to obtain more dynamic and efficient solutions to given problems this process has evolved over the years with devices such as plans that are created to guarantee their successful resolution. Key words Design, method, problem, project, process.
Characterization and causes of land subsidence in Beijing, China

ABSTRACT Long-term overexploitation of groundwater is the primary factor causing regional land subsidence in the Beijing plain area, China. Currently, large subsidence funnels exist, one each in southern and northern Beijing. We adopted the multi-temporal interferometric synthetic aperture radar (MT-InSAR) method, incorporating both persistent scatterer (PS) and small baseline (SB) approaches on 47 Envisat Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) single look complex (SLC) images to map land subsidence in the Beijing plain area. The temporal and spatial variations of land subsidence and its seasonal variation were explained by the MT-InSAR results. Then, the InSAR results were combined with the dynamic monitoring of groundwater level, extensometer measurements, and hydrogeological data; the characterization and causes of land subsidence were analysed with Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis methods. The results show the following. 1) Land subsidence developed rapidly in the Beijing plain area from 2003 to 2010, with obviously uneven settlement; settlement rates exceeded 100 mm year−1 in some areas. Seasonal variation in settlement rates may be affected by changes in the precipitation rates and the exploitation of groundwater. 2) The contribution of different aquifer systems to land subsidence varies. The variation in the groundwater level in the second confined aquifer, at a depth of 100–180 m, has the greatest impact on land subsidence. 3) The settlement is centred in the lower part of the Wenyu–Chaobai and Yongding alluvial fan areas, where the compressible layer is more than 100 m thick. Meanwhile, land subsidence forms a structural feature with larger differences in the deformation gradient on both sides of faults.
Careers satisfaction in the Ecuadorian civil service: a gender perspective

Groeneveld (2009) found that women in the Dutch civil service are slightly more satisfied with their career opportunities than men, in an environment which has become more favorable to them in the recent years. Even if the gender difference found is significant, it is so small that its relevance is questionable. Using her methodology this paper seeks to understand if her findings can be applied cross nationally. Ecuador is an interesting case with a similar changing environment where women seem to be better represented at higher levels of the Ecuadorian civil service and where the wage gap has been significantly reduced in recent years. Contrary to the initial hypotheses that established a similar phenomenon would be observed, there are no statistical significant differences between genders in careers satisfaction even after controlling for socio-demographic variables. However, staff turnover for men is larger. It was found that the main variable to explain career satisfaction is salary and the position within the hierarchies in the state structure. In this context, the public sector employees value more the extrinsic aspects of the job than the intrinsic ones. Differences can also be found in the general level of satisfaction between people coming from different regions within the country.
Wind speed prediction using ensemble and optimizer strategy

In purpose of dealing with the difficulty of high accuracy wind speed prediction. In this study, an EMD-Ensemble-GWO approach is utilized to provide a supplement in universal wind speed forecasting. Initially, the original signal is decomposed into a set of IMFs through EMD. Then, four solid deep learning approaches, namely BPNN, TCN, RNN and LSTM are utilized for training. After finding the prediction results of four benchmark models, the ensemble weights are obtained with the usage of GWO. Eventually, the final prediction results are calculated through the combination of the weights and prediction results. It is remarkable that its prediction precision surpasses all the reference hybrid models. Besides, the employment of GWO makes it possible for performing well in various datasets since the advantages of each employed benchmark models are utilized in extracting features. Thus, it is well-suited for universal wind speed prediction.
High Isolation of mm-Wave T-R Switch Design Using Open Loop Square Ring DGS

This research studies the use of a switchable open loop square ring defected ground structure (DGS) to provide high isolation in a discrete transmit-receive (T-R) millimeter-wave (mm-wave) RF switch operating in the 26 GHz band for a 5G application. The simulation demonstrated that the switchable DGS had aided the T-R switch in generating a large isolation performance of more than 30 dB in the 26 GHz band.
Enhancing Scientific Image Classification through Multimodal Learning: Insights from Chest X-Ray and Atomic Force Microscopy Datasets

In this study, we conduct a detailed evaluation of machine learning and multimodal learning approaches in two distinct areas: a standard medical imaging benchmark and a novel material sciences benchmark. We utilize the CheXpert chest x-ray dataset for medical imaging and introduce a newly created Fluoropolymer Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) dataset for material sciences. Both datasets are enhanced with additional images and binary metadata, encoded as one-hot vectors. We tested both pretrained and non-pretrained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models, such as ResNet50, ResNet101, DenseNet121, InceptionV3, and Xception, across different combinations of image and metadata inputs. Our results reveal that integrating multimodal data, including simple binary metadata, significantly enhances classification accuracy compared to conventional unimodal approaches or advanced MADDi models. This indicates the efficacy of multimodal learning in enriching data representation and boosting image classification performance. Notably, Xception models showed exceptional performance in CheXpert tests, and most models improved crystal structure predictions in AFM datasets. These insights set a new benchmark for performance and underscore the potential of multimodal learning in data-intensive applied science research.
Advancements in innate immune regulation strategies in islet transplantation

As a newly emerging organ transplantation technique, islet transplantation has shown the advantages of minimal trauma and high safety since it was first carried out. The proposal of the Edmonton protocol, which has been widely applied, was a breakthrough in this method. However, direct contact between islets and portal vein blood will cause a robust innate immune response leading to massive apoptosis of the graft, and macrophages play an essential role in the innate immune response. Therefore, therapeutic strategies targeting macrophages in the innate immune response have become a popular research topic in recent years. This paper will summarize and analyze recent research on strategies for regulating innate immunity, primarily focusing on macrophages, in the field of islet transplantation, including drug therapy, optimization of islet preparation process, islet engineering and Mesenchymal stem cells cotransplantation. We also expounded the heterogeneity, plasticity and activation mechanism of macrophages in islet transplantation, providing a theoretical basis for further research.
Protected areas and climate change impact research: roles, challenges, needs

Protected areas were originally designated to deal with regionally caused threats. Yet, they increasingly encounter potentially detrimental influences from distant sources and of globally area-covering climate change effects. By forcing organisms to shift in latitude and elevation, anthropogenic climate change may deprive nature reserves of their threatened “biotic goods”. The long-lived nature of many mountain species may counter their rapid disappearance and topographically determined habitat and micro-climatic diversity may buffer against climate warming impacts. An ongoing large-scale thermophilisation of alpine vegetation and a decline of narrow-range species in fragmented cold habitats, however, call for joint efforts in observing and studying the changes as well as in developing and implementing suitable conservation measures. Both protected area managers and researchers will mutually depend on and benefit from each other in such an endeavour. High mountains hold an unsurpassed potential for large-scale comparative studies, due to their virtually global distribution and their rather natural environments. Taking advantage of this situation, the Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environments (GLORIA) has started already at the turn of the millennium to build a global research programme and observation network. Rapidly expanding, it is now represented on six continents. The majority of the currently 115 study regions lie within protected areas and, thus, provide a unique opportunity for tracing humaninduced impacts on the shrinking natural biosphere.
Differential Prognostic Impact of IABP-SHOCK II Scores According to Treatment Strategy in Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Coronary Syndrome: From the RESCUE Registry

Background: Early risk stratification is necessary for optimal determination of the treatment strategy in cardiogenic shock (CS) complicating acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Therefore, we evaluated the prognostic impact of an intra-aortic balloon pump on the cardiogenic shock (IABP-SHOCK) II score according to the treatment strategies in ACS complicated by CS using the RESCUE (REtrospective and prospective observational Study to investigate Clinical oUtcomes and Efficacy of left ventricular assist device for Korean patients with cardiogenic shock) registry. Methods: The RESCUE registry contains multicenter observational retrospective and prospective cohorts that include 1247 patients with CS from 12 centers in Korea. A total of 865 patients with ACS complicated by CS were selected and stratified into low-, intermediate- and high-risk categories according to their IABP-SHOCK II scores and then according to treatment: non-mechanical support, IABP, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenators (ECMOs). The primary outcome was all-cause mortality during follow-up. Results: The observed mortality rates for the low-, intermediate-, and high-IABP-SHOCK II score risk categories were 28.8%, 52.4%, and 69.8%, respectively (p < 0.01). Patients in the non-mechanical support and IABP groups showed an increasingly elevated risk of all-cause mortality as their risk scores increased from low to high. In the ECMO group, the risk of all-cause mortality did not differ between the intermediate- and high-risk categories (HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.81–1.81, p = 0.33). The IABP-SHOCK II scores for the non-mechanical support and IABP groups showed a better predictive performance (area under curve [AUC] = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.65–0.76) for mortality compared with the EMCO group (AUC = 0.61, 95% CI 0.54–0.67; p-value for comparison = 0.02). Conclusions: Risk stratification using the IABP-SHOCK II score is useful for predicting mortality in ACS complicated by CS when patients are treated with non-mechanical support or IABP. However, its prognostic value may be unsatisfactory in severe cases where patients require ECMOs.
Results From the 2014 National Wilderness Manager Survey

A national survey of managers was developed to support interagency wilderness strategic planning. The focus was on major challenges, perceived needs for science and training, and accomplishments of 1995 Strategic Plan objectives. The survey was administered to managers at the four federal agencies with wilderness management responsibilities: the Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Forest Service. In spring 2014, responses were received from 368 managers. The highest ranking threat perceived was “lack of political and financial support for wilderness protection and management,” followed by “invasive species,” “disconnected urban audiences” and “adjacent land use and management. ” The greatest need for science-based information was “public attitudes toward intervention to adapt to climate change influences” and “public attitudes toward ecological restoration activities. ” The majority of managers commonly perceived no or only slight accomplishment of previous strategic plan objectives.
Study on Mask Rcnn Model-based Methods for the Image Segmentation of Manufactured Sand and Gravel Aggregates

To improve the accuracy and speed of image segmentation of sand and gravel, a Mask-Rcnn model based new method for image segmentation of sand and gravel aggregates is proposed. The MAC module and the Shuffle Attention (SA) module are integrated into the feature pyramid network (FPN) based on the Mask-Rcnn model to constitute a backbone feature extraction network and thus to enhance the network capacity to extract features at different scales. In addition, an R-RPN structure is applied on the candidate region extraction network to accommodate the variations in sand and gravel positions in sand and gravel images, thereby creating a new method for sand and gravel image segmentation. The original Mask-Rcnn algorithm model and the improved algorithm model were subjected to a test verification, the results of which suggested that the improved algorithm has significantly improved the detection accuracy and speed on the same self-constructed sand and gravel image dataset.