Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incremental Loop Transformations and Enumeration of Parametric Sets (Incrementele lustransformaties en enumeratie van parametrische verzamelingen)

The geometrical model is a powerful tool for program analysis and optimization and forms the basis on which we build the two parts of this dissertation, a methodology for incremental loop transformations and an efficient enumeration technique for parametric integer sets. Power consumption for typical embedded multi-media applications is dominated by the storage of and the access to the large multi-dimensional arrays they manipulate. It is now well known that a design methodology for reducing power consumption and improving system performance should apply global loop transformations for increasing locality and regularity of data accesses. In the first part of this dissertation, we propose a two-step global loop transformation approach consisting of a linear transformation focusing mainly on regularity, and a translation focusing on locality. We further develop a refined regularity criterion and show how to perform the translation step incrementally, allowing multiple complicated cost functions to be evaluated. Many compiler optimization techniques depend on the enumeration of parametric integer sets defined by linear equations. In the second part of this dissertation, we present the first implementation of Barvinok’s algorithm applied to the enumeration of parametric polytopes, extending an earlier implementation of this algorithm for a subclass of the enumeration problems we consider, and providing a significant improvement over another implementation based on a different technique. The resulting enumerator may be obtained as an explicit function or as a generating function. We further show that these two representations are polynomially interconvertible and we discuss some approaches for handling generalized enumeration problems.
Synthesis of diffusion-weighted MRI scalar maps from FLAIR volumes using generative adversarial networks

Introduction Acquisition and pre-processing pipelines for diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) volumes are resource- and time-consuming. Generating synthetic DWI scalar maps from commonly acquired brain MRI sequences such as fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) could be useful for supplementing datasets. In this work we design and compare GAN-based image translation models for generating DWI scalar maps from FLAIR MRI for the first time. Methods We evaluate a pix2pix model, two modified CycleGANs using paired and unpaired data, and a convolutional autoencoder in synthesizing DWI fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) from whole FLAIR volumes. In total, 420 FLAIR and DWI volumes (11,957 images) from multi-center dementia and vascular disease cohorts were used for training/testing. Generated images were evaluated using two groups of metrics: (1) human perception metrics including peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM), (2) structural metrics including a newly proposed histogram similarity (Hist-KL) metric and mean squared error (MSE). Results Pix2pix demonstrated the best performance both quantitatively and qualitatively with mean PSNR, SSIM, and MSE metrics of 23.41 dB, 0.8, 0.004, respectively for MD generation, and 24.05 dB, 0.78, 0.004, respectively for FA generation. The new histogram similarity metric demonstrated sensitivity to differences in fine details between generated and real images with mean pix2pix MD and FA Hist-KL metrics of 11.73 and 3.74, respectively. Detailed analysis of clinically relevant regions of white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) in the pix2pix images also showed strong significant (p < 0.001) correlations between real and synthetic FA values in both tissue types (R = 0.714 for GM, R = 0.877 for WM). Discussion/conclusion Our results show that pix2pix’s FA and MD models had significantly better structural similarity of tissue structures and fine details than other models, including WM tracts and CSF spaces, between real and generated images. Regional analysis of synthetic volumes showed that synthetic DWI images can not only be used to supplement clinical datasets, but demonstrates potential utility in bypassing or correcting registration in data pre-processing.
PRODUÇÃO DE BRÓCOLIS EM FUNÇÃO DAS DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO E POTÁSSIO NA FERTIRRIGAÇÃO DAS MUDAS

Frente à existência de poucos estudos relacionados à aplicação de nitrogênio e potássio na produção de mudas de Brassicáceas, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de doses destes nutrientes na fertirrigação de mudas produzidas em substrato à base de fibra da casca de coco sobre a produção de brócolis. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial com quatro doses de N (0, 80, 160 e 240 mg L-1) e quatro doses de K (0, 100, 200 e 300 mg L-1) na fertirrigação das mudas, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas a quantidade de macronutrientes e características vegetativas das mudas, como: número de folhas, altura, diâmetro do caule, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e, na colheita, o número de folhas, diâmetro e massa fresca e seca da inflorescência. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão. As características analisadas nas plantas não foram afetadas pelas doses de potássio. Obteve-se aumento linear para todas as características vegetativas e acúmulo de N, K, Ca e Mg nas mudas, assim como a massa fresca e seca das inflorescências com o aumento das doses de N testadas.
A Review on Edible Coatings and Films: Advances, Composition, Production Methods, and Safety Concerns

Food is a crucial source for the endurance of individuals, and quality concerns of consumers are being raised with the progression of time. Edible coatings and films (ECFs) are increasingly important in biobased packaging because they have a prime role in enhancing the organoleptic characteristics of the food products and minimizing the spread of microorganisms. These sustainable ingredients are crucial for a safer and healthier environment. These are created from proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, plasticizers, emulsifiers, and active substances. These are eco-friendly since made from innocuous material. Nanocomposite films are also beginning to be developed and support networks of biological polymers. Antioxidant, flavoring, and coloring compounds can be employed to improve the quality, wellbeing, and stability of packaged foods. Gelatin-enhanced fruit and vegetable-based ECFs compositions have the potential to produce biodegradable films. Root plants like cassava, potato, and sweet potato have been employed to create edible films and coatings. Achira flour, amylum, yam, ulluco, and water chestnut have all been considered as novel film-forming ingredients. The physical properties of biopolymers are influenced by the characteristics, biochemical confirmation, compatibility, relative humidity, temperature, water resistance, and application procedures of the components. ECFs must adhere to all regulations governing food safety and be generally recognized as safe (GRAS). This review covers the new advancements in ECFs regarding the commitment of novel components to the improvement of their properties. It is expected that ECFs can be further investigated to provide innovative components and strategies that are helpful for global financial issues and the environment.
Tunable air-suspended polymer grating couplers

Abstract. We present thermal tuning of air-suspended SU-8 polymer waveguide grating couplers for TE-polarized light. Numerical simulations have been performed to estimate the wavelength shift caused by the change of temperature. Due to the small positive thermal expansion and large negative thermo-optic coefficient of SU-8, a shift toward shorter wavelengths is expected. In the experimental evaluation, a negative wavelength shift from 1542 nm at 20°C toward 1527 nm at 56°C is obtained with approximately −0.42 nm K−1 matching the theoretical considerations.
Cross-sensor Pore Detection in High-resolution Fingerprint Images using Unsupervised Domain Adaptation

With the emergence of the high-resolution fingerprint sensors, the research community has focused on level-3 fingerprint features especially, pores for providing the next generation automated fingerprint recognition system (AFRS). Following the recent success of the deep learning approaches in various computer vision tasks, researchers have explored learning-based approaches for pore detection in high-resolution fingerprint images. These learning-based approaches provide better performance than the hand-crafted feature-based approaches. However, domain adaptability of existing learning-based pore detection methods has not been examined in the past. In this paper, we present the first study of domain adaptability of existing learning-based pore detection methods. For this purpose, we have generated an in-house ground truth dataset referred to as IITI-HRF-GT by using 1000 dpi fingerprint sensor and evaluated the performance of the existing learning-based pore detection approaches on it. Further, we have also proposed an approach for detecting pores in a cross sensor scenario referred to as DeepDomainPore using unsupervised domain adaptation technique. Specifically, DeepDomainPore is a combination of a convolutional neural network (CNN) based pore detection approach DeepResPore and an unsupervised domain adaptation approach included during the training process. The domain adaptation in the DeepDomainPore is achieved by embedding a gradient reversal layer between the DeepResPore and a domain classifier network. The results of all the existing and the proposed learning-based pore detection approaches are evaluated on IITI-HRF-GT. The DeepDomainPore provides a true detection rate of 88.09%and an F-score of 83.94% on IITI-HRF-GT. Most importantly, the proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on the cross sensor dataset.
DENSITY PERTURBATION BY ALFVÉN WAVES IN MAGNETO-PLASMA

In this article, we attempt to investigate the density perturbations along magnetic field by ponderomotive effects due to inertial Alfvén waves (AWs) in auroral ionosphere. For this study, we take high-frequency inertial AWs (pump) and their nonlinear interactions with low-frequency slow modes of AWs in that region. The dynamical equations representing these wave modes are known as the Zakharov like equation, and are solved numerically. From the results presented here, we notice the density perturbations in the direction of background magnetic fields. We also find that the deepest density cavity is associated with the strongest magnetic fields. The main reason for these nonlinear structures could be the ponderomotive effects due to the pump waves. The amplitude of these density structures varies with time until the modulation instability saturates. From our results, we estimate the amplitude of most intense cavity as ∼15% of the unperturbed plasma number density n0, which is consistent with the observations. These density structures could be the locations for particle energizations in this region.
The political perception of the public library: the Australian view

The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) Section of Library Theory and Research conducted an international project on The Political Perceptions of the Public Library during 2002-4 under the leadership of Professor Bob Usherwood of Sheffield University, UK. The project title is: Public library politics - a transnational evaluative survey of national policy maker's attitudes to, and perceptions, of the role, value and impact of public library services. The project aims to provide information on national and, where appropriate because of local circumstances, local or regional government's attitudes to public libraries. The results of the Australian component of the project are now being collated for the final IFLA report (Smith, 2004). This paper reports on the Australian project by describing the methodology and presenting a summary of the results. Descriptions of the theoretical framework for the study and a detailed literature review will appear in other publications once the international project is concluded. The paper concludes that there is a fear for the future of the public library in Australia and that this fear is primarily tied to funding issues. It is curious that this fear is despite there being political support at the local and state government levels for the public library.
On Conditional Lower Partial Moments and Its Applications

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACT Lower partial moments (LPM) are predominantly used in portfolio theory and in areas involving financial risk, which addresses the problem of managing risky investment policies with the object of maximizing returns. LPM also plays an important role in the analysis of risks in income (poverty) studies. In this article, we extend the notion of LPM to the conditional set up and study its usefulness in the context of stochastic modeling. The relationship between various measures in reliability studies, income (poverty) studies, and risk analysis are also proved. Finally, a non-parametric estimator for conditional LPM is proposed and has been validated through simulated and real data sets.
Landscape Archaeology between Art and Science

High-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEM) based on airborne LiDAR have emerged as a valuable new data source in archaeology. While such data are becoming increasingly available on a regional to national scale, their potential is far from being fully utilised. One field in which improvements can be expected is the optimisation of data processing with the goal of extracting anthropogenic features for archaeological prospection. Until recent years, however, most archaeological applications of LiDAR have been limited to the visual interpretation of the DEM. In this case, the detection of potential archaeological features depends to a large degree on the chosen illumination angles. Here, a data processing approach is presented which produces Local Relief Models (LRM) from LiDAR-derived high-resolution DEM. The LRM represents local, small-scale elevation differences after removing the large-scale landscape forms from the data. The LRM greatly enhances the visibility of small-scale, shallow topographic features irrespective of the illumination angle and allows their relative elevations as well as their volumes to be directly measured. This makes the LRM an improved basis for spatially extensive archaeological prospection over a wide range of landscapes. The LRM raster map of local positive and negative relief variations can be used for the mapping and prospecting of archaeological features such as burial mounds, linear and circular earthworks, sunken roads, agricultural terraces, ridge and furrow fields, kiln podia and mining sites. This approach is currently being used in a project aimed at the spatially complete archaeological mapping and prospection of Baden-Württemberg, covering an area of 35,751 km 2 . The goal is the verification and extension of the existing archaeological data base. An object-based local relief vector layer is produced as a by-product; however, due to the common agglutination of natural and anthropogenic features this cannot be efficiently used for archaeological prospection at present.
Autonomy as a Foundation for Human Development: A Conceptual Model to Study Individual Autonomy

This paper presents a conceptual model of autonomy grounded in the theories of human needs and capabilities. The analysis suggests that autonomy can be considered a human need that requires satisfiers to secure a sufficient level of competence to effectively participate in social life, and a combined capability to make choices in significant matters and achieve positive results in one’s life.The model allows analysing individual experiences of autonomy, through attention to three determinants of autonomy: agency as an internal capacity, entitlements, and structural contexts. It highlights the relations of individuals that negotiate their entitlements and options in specific contexts. Personal and contextual, subjective and objective factors explain people’s conditions for and their feeling of being autonomous.The paper also discusses the relation between human development and autonomy and asserts that initiatives that aim at fostering human development should promote the expansion of individual autonomy and empowerment.
Intersections of Class Fields

Using class field theory, we prove a restriction on the intersection of the maximal abelian extensions associated with different number fields. This restriction is then used to improve a result of Rosen and Silverman about the linear independence of Heegner points. In addition, it yields effective restrictions for the special points lying on an algebraic subvariety in a product of modular curves. The latter application is related to the Andr\'e-Oort conjecture.
Income Replacement in Retirement: Longitudinal Evidence from Income Tax Records

RÉSUMÉ Nous analysons un grand fichier de données longitudinales des déclarations de revenus pour les individus canadiens, en appliquant une procédure de détermination de la retraite, qui est basé sur le revenu d’emploi, afin de évaluer qui se sont retirés et comment ils réussissent à maintenir leurs revenus après la retraite. Cette approche méthodologique peut être d’interêt pour une application éventuelle dans d’autres pays qui ont des données appropriées. Nos principales conclusions sont les suivants. En premier, dans les deux ans qui suivent le départ en retraite, les ratios de remplacement du revenu après taxes atteignent en moyenne environ deux- tiers lorsqu’ils sont calculés sur tous les âges de départ en retraite. Deuxièmement, les ratios ont tendance à augmenter avec l’âge de la retraite. Troisièmement, les ratios augmentent avec les anneés de la retraite, du moins dans les premières années. Enfin, les ratios de remplacement du revenu sont les plus élevés pour le quartile des revenu les plus bas et diminuent généralement à mesure que le revenu augmente ; avec chaque quartile, les taux de remplacement augmentent davantage pour ceux qui ont pris leur retraite plus tard que pour ceux qui l’ont prise plus tôt. ABSTRACT Applying an employment-income-based procedure for determining retirement, we analysed a large longitudinal data file of Canadian personal income tax returns for individuals to determine who has retired and to assess how successful they are in maintaining their incomes after retirement. The methodological approach may be of interest for possible application in other countries that have suitable data. Our main conclusions are as follows. First, in the two years immediately after retirement, the after-tax income replacement ratios average about two thirds when calculated across all ages of retirement. Second, the ratios tend to increase with the age of retirement. Third, the ratios increase with years in retirement, at least in the first few years. Finally, income replacement ratios are highest in the lowest income quartile and generally decline as income increases; within each quartile, the replacement ratios are higher for those who retired later than for those who retired earlier.
Only One Neuron either N-bit Parity Rule Based Modified Translated Multiplicative or McCulloch-Pitts Models for Some Machine Learning Problems

In this study, solutions to machine learning problems such as Monk’s 2 (M 2 ), Balloon and Tic-Tac-Toe problems employing a single neuron dependent on rules which use either modified translated multiplicative (π m ) neuron or McCulloch-Pitts neuron model is proposed. Since M 2 problem is similar to N-bit parity problem, translated multiplicative (π t ) neuron model is modified for M 2 problem. Also, McCulloch-Pitts neuron model is used to increase classification performance. Then either πm or McCulloch-Pitts neuron model is applied to Balloon and Tic-Tac-Toe problems. When the result of proposed only one π m neuron model that is not required any training stage and hidden layer is compared with the other approaches, it shows satisfactory performance.
The use of superparamagnetic nanoparticles for prosthetic biofilm prevention

correspondence: Thomas J Webster Associate Professor, Division of engineering and Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, 184 hope street, Providence, RI 02912, UsA email thomas_webster@brown.edu Abstract: As with all surgical procedures, implantation comes with the added risk of infection. The goal of this in vitro study was to explore the use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) as a multifunctional platform to prevent biofilm formation. Results showed for the first time decreased Staphylococcus epidermidis numbers when exposed to 100 μg/ml of SPION for 12 hours and this trend continued for up to 48 hours. Prevention of colony assembly, a prerequisite to biofilm formation, was also observed at lower SPION dosages of 10 μg/ml after 12 hours. Coupled with previous studies demonstrating enhanced bone cell functions in the presence of the same concentration of SPION, the present results provided much promise for the use of SPION for numerous anti-infection orthopedic applications.
Comparison of intraocular pressure measurements with the portable PT 100 noncontact tonometer and goldmann applanation tonometry

Correspondence: Peter A netland Siegal Professor, hamilton eye institute, University of Tennessee health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, Suite 100, Memphis, Tn 38163, USA Tel +1 901 448 5492 Fax +1 901 448 9350 email pnetland@gmail.com Purpose: Noncontact tonometers are useful when regulations preclude use of contact tonometers by medical students and other nonophthalmologists. Our study compared the measurements by the portable, noncontact tonometer (PT100) with Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT). Methods: This was a prospective study of 98 eyes from 98 patients. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by GAT and the PT100 (Reichert, Buffalo, NY). Results: Mean IOP measurements showed no significant differences in measurements performed by the two tonometers (P = 0.64). Measurements by the two tonometers were in agreement by 3 mmHg in 92.8% of eyes. Linear regression analysis of PT100 vs GAT measurements revealed a slope of 0.98 with r = 0.58. Bland–Altman analysis showed a mean difference of measurements by GAT and PT100 of -0.3 mmHg with two standard deviation = 7.1 mmHg. Conclusion: The portable noncontact PT100 tonometer provides IOP measurements comparable to GAT within the normal range of IOP.
Computing the sets of totally symmetric and totally conjugate orthogonal partial Latin squares by means of a SAT solver

Conjugacy and orthogonality of Latin squares have been widely studied in the literature not only for their theoretical interest in combinatorics, but also for their applications in distinct ﬁelds as experimental design, cryptography or code theory, amongst others. This paper deals with a series of binary constraints that characterize the sets of partial Latin squares of a given order for which their six conjugates either coincide or are all of them distinct and pairwise orthogonal. These constraints enable us to make use of a SAT solver to enumerate both sets. As an illustrative application, it is also exposed a method to construct totally symmetric partial Latin squares that gives rise, under certain conditions, to new families of Lie partial quasigroup rings.