Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rosmarinic Acid-Rich Perilla frutescens Extract-Derived Silver Nanoparticles: A Green Synthesis Approach for Multifunctional Biomedical Applications including Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activities

This study describes a simple, cost-effective, and eco-friendly method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles using a rosmarinic acid extract from Perilla frutescens (PFRAE) as the bioreduction agent. The resulting nanoparticles, called PFRAE-AgNPs, were characterized using various analytical techniques. The UV–Vis spectrum confirmed the formation of PFRAE-AgNPs, and the FTIR spectrum indicated the participation of rosmarinic acid in their synthesis and stabilization. The XRD pattern revealed the crystal structure of PFRAE-AgNPs, and the TEM analysis showed their spherical morphology with sizes ranging between 20 and 80 nm. The DLS analysis indicated that PFRAE-AgNPs were monodispersed with an average diameter of 44.0 ± 3.2 nm, and the high negative zeta potential (−19.65 mV) indicated their high stability. In the antibacterial assays, the PFRAE-AgNPs showed potent activity against both Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial pathogens, suggesting that they could be used as a potential antibacterial agent in the clinical setting. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of PFRAE-AgNPs against DPPH and ABTS radical scavengers highlights their potential in the treatment of various oxidative stress-related diseases. PFRAE-AgNPs also demonstrated significant anticancer activity against a range of cell lines including human colon cancer (COLO205), human prostate carcinoma (PC-3), human lung adenocarcinoma (A549), and human ovarian cancer (SKOV3) cell lines suggesting their potential in cancer therapy. The nanoparticles may also have potential in drug delivery, as their small size and high stability could enable them to cross biological barriers and deliver drugs to specific target sites. In addition to the aforementioned properties, PFRAE-AgNPs were found to be biocompatible towards normal (CHO) cells, which is a crucial characteristic for their application in cancer therapy and drug delivery systems. Their antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties make them promising candidates for the development of new therapeutic agents. Furthermore, their small size, high stability, and biocompatibility could enable them to be used in drug delivery systems to enhance drug efficacy and reduce side effects.
A review of antibody, aptamer, and nanomaterials synergistic systems for an amplified electrochemical signal

The synergy between biomolecules with inorganic nanomaterials and nanoparticles has been investigated over the past years, primarily to improve biomarker reception, generate signals, and amplify the signals generated. In this paper, several articles on aptamer-based and antibody-based electrochemical biosensors that target antigens were examined. Among the key characteristics identified were the electrochemical platform development, which includes the usage of nanomaterials as electroactive or electrocatalytic labels, crosslinking of the biological agent with inorganic compounds, and electrode coating to provide an electronic source and support efficient electron transfer. A single approach using labeled or unlabeled biological receptors has become advantageous due to its simple architecture and more straightforward application method. However, the dual system approach allows the incorporation of more nanomaterials to boost the signal and add more features to the electrochemical system. The dual system approach uses a capture and reporter probe in a competitive or sandwich detection format. The reporter probe is often labeled by an electroactive or electrocatalytic compound or immobilized in a nanocarrier, resulting in an increase in measured peak current in proportion to the target’s concentration. The reported limit of detection and linear range for each platform is presented to assess its efficiency. Generally, the dual system aptasensor showed higher sensitivity, stability, and reproducibility than the immunosensor in comparable settings. The aptasensor showed promising results for the development of point-of-care type applications.
Characterization of Beeswax and Rice Bran Wax Oleogels Based on Different Types of Vegetable Oils and Their Impact on Wheat Flour Dough Technological Behavior during Bun Making

Five varieties of vegetable oil underwent oleogelation with two types of wax as follows: beeswax (BW) and rice bran wax (RW). The oleogels were analyzed for their physicochemical, thermal, and textural characteristics. The oleogels were used in the bun dough recipe at a percentage level of 5%, and the textural and rheological properties of the oleogel doughs were analyzed using dynamic and empirical rheology devices such as the Haake rheometer, the Rheofermentometer, and Mixolab. The thermal properties of beeswax oleogels showed a melting peak at a lower temperature for all the oils used compared with that of the oleogels containing rice bran wax. Texturally, for both waxes, as the percentage of wax increased, the firmness of the oleogels increased proportionally, which indicates better technological characteristics for the food industry. The effect of the addition of oleogels on the viscoelastic properties of the dough was measured as a function of temperature. All dough samples showed higher values for G′ (storage modulus) than those of G″ (loss modulus) in the temperature range of 20–90 °C, suggesting a solid, elastic-like behavior of all dough samples with the addition of oleogels. The influence of the beeswax and rice bran oleogels based on different types of vegetable oils on the thermo-mechanical properties of wheat flour dough indicated that the addition of oleogels in dough recipes generally led to higher dough stability and lower values for the dough development time and those related to the dough’s starch characteristics. Therefore, the addition of oleogels in dough recipes inhibits the starch gelatinization process and increases the shelf life of bakery products.
Assessment of Oreochromis aureus caught by different fishing techniques at Lake Borollus, Egypt.

Evaluation of Oreochromis aureus caught from Lake Borollus was studied based on the length-frequency of samples collected by different fishing gears. Analysis of the data using (FiSAT) computer program returned the estimate of the von Bertalanffy's growth curve parameters as: L∞ = 18.28 cm (total length); k = 0.87 year (for Lokaffa), L∞ = 19.32 cm; k = 0.41 year (for Trammel), L∞ = 17.19 cm; k = 0.42 year (for Basket traps) and L∞ = 14.55 cm, K=0.39 year (for Al-qerba). Very narrow selection range was observed and its upper limit didn't exceed 11.53 cm in most of the investigated fishing gears except that of trammels which reached 12.11 cm. The total mortality coefficient "Z" was found to be 3.05, 1.83, 1.46, and 1.58 year corresponding the fore-mentioned fishing methods respectively. Also, their respective natural mortality coefficient "M" was 1.67, 1.01, 1.06, and 1.06 year. The estimated exploitation rate "E" was 0.45, 0.45, 0.28 and 0.33 respectively. Their relative yield and relative biomass per recruit analysis showed that the stock of O. aureus is moderately exploited and more effort could be added to reach the maximum sustainable yield and at the same time larger mesh sizes of fishing nets should be used to increase the mean lengths at first capture and also to conserve the reproducible part of O. aureus population.
Detecting changes in the mangrove forests of southern Thailand using remotely sensed data and GIS

Remote sensing and GIS were used to analyze the changes in the mangrove forest. Mangrove forests have been used by different user groups. Changing of government policies on mangrove forest utilization and management caused the occurrence of three major activities; mangrove forest concession, tin-mining activities and intensive shrimp farming. These activities were considered as the major reasons for changes of mangrove forest areas and led to the degradation of mangrove forest, the loss of mangrove forest and ecological disturbance. Furthermore, it affected the mangrove forest dependence-dwellers.
Son los roedores sinantrópicos una amenaza para la salud pública de Yucatán

espanolLos roedores sinantropicos participan en el ciclo infeccioso de numerosas enfermedades zoonoticas de importancia a nivel mundial y nacional, ya sea como reservorios, hospederos intermediarios u hospederos de los ectoparasitos vectores que transmiten a los agentes etiologicos. En Yucatan, Mexico, las especies mas frecuentes son Rattus rattus y Mus musculus, los cuales han sido identificados en medios rurales, sub-urbanos y urbanos. En los ultimos anos en Yucatan, se han realizado distintos estudios epidemiologicos en los que se han descrito a estos roedores como positivos a diversos agentes zoonoticos de relevancia en salud publica y animal. El objetivo de la presente revision es mencionar los agentes infecciosos reportados en estas investigaciones, para manifestar la importancia de los roedores sinantropicos en la diseminacion y/o control de algunas enfermedades endemicas en la region. EnglishSynanthropic rodents are involved in the infectious cycle of numerous zoonotic diseases of global and national importance, as reservoirs, intermediate hosts, or hosts of the ectoparasites vectors that transmit the etiological agents. In Yucatan, Mexico, the most frequent species are Rattus rattus and Mus musculus, which have been identified in rural, suburban and urban environments. In recent years in Yucatan, several epidemiological studies have been carried out in which these rodents have been described as positive to various zoonotic agents of relevance in public and animal health. The aim of this review is to mention the infectious agents reported in these investigations, to demonstrate the importance of the synanthropic rodents in the dissemination and/or control of some endemic diseases in the region.
Improvement of a simplified process‐based model for estimating transpiration under water‐limited conditions

Plant transpiration depends on environmental conditions, and soil water availability is its primary control under water deficit conditions. In this study, we improve a simplified process‐based model (hereafter “BTA”) by including soil water potential (ψsoil) to explicitly represent the dependence of plant transpiration on root‐zone moisture conditions. The improved model is denoted as the BTA‐ψ model. We assessed the performance of the BTA and BTA‐ψ models in a subtropical monsoon climate and a Mediterranean climate with different levels of water stress. The BTA model performed reasonably in estimating daily and hourly transpiration under sufficient water conditions, but it failed during dry periods. Overall, the BTA‐ψ model provided a significant improvement for estimating transpiration under a wide range of soil moisture conditions. Although both models could estimate transpiration (sap flow) at night, BTA‐ψ was superior to BTA in this regard. Species differences in the calibrated parameters of both models were consistent with leaf‐level photosynthetic measurements on each species, as expected given the physiological basis of these parameters. With a simplified representation of physiological regulation and reasonable performance across a range of soil moisture conditions, the BTA‐ψ model provides a useful alternative to purely empirical models for modelling transpiration.
In Silico Analysis of Glutamate Receptors in Capsicum chinense: Structure, Evolution, and Molecular Interactions

Plant glutamate receptors (GLRs) are integral membrane proteins that function as non-selective cation channels, involved in the regulation of developmental events crucial in plants. Knowledge of these proteins is restricted to a few species and their true agonists are still unknown in plants. Using tomato SlGLRs, a search was performed in the pepper database to identify GLR sequences in habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.). Structural, phylogenetic, and orthology analysis of the CcGLRs, as well as molecular docking and protein interaction networks, were conducted. Seventeen CcGLRs were identified, which contained the characteristic domains of GLR. The variation of conserved residues in the M2 transmembrane domain between members suggests a difference in ion selectivity and/or conduction. Also, new conserved motifs in the ligand-binding regions are reported. Duplication events seem to drive the expansion of the species, and these were located in the evolution by using orthologs. Molecular docking analysis allowed us to identify differences in the agonist binding pocket between CcGLRs, which suggest the existence of different affinities for amino acids. The possible interaction of some CcGLRs with proteins leads to suggesting specific functions for them within the plant. These results offer important functional clues for CcGLR, probably extrapolated to other Solanaceae.
IoT-based Collision Detection System

All around the world, a sizable percentage of traffic deaths take place every day. Two effective methods for reducing traffic fatalities include implementing systems that allow for real-time incident reporting can significantly reduce the time it takes for emergency services to be notified. Providing thorough training for emergency dispatchers, responders, and other personnel involved in the response process is crucial. The incidence of automobile accidents has increased as technology and auto manufacturing have advanced. Due to limited emergency facilities, the survival rate following an accident is quite low. Our strategy would help find an accident and identify it so that the rescue squad and the rider's emergency contact could be informed.
Downstream grain‐size changes associated with a transition from single channel to anabranching

Downstream variation in grain size associated with changes in river pattern is a topic that interests multiple disciplines. How grain size varies between adjacent reaches with strongly contrasting river pattern is an outstanding question. This study presents a combined field and numerical modelling investigation of a river with a downstream planform change from single channel to anabranching, where the planform is controlled by a change in underlying lithology. This approach enabled exploration of the controls on sedimentology in a river for which there is very limited opportunity to collect flow and sediment transport data. This study shows that the surficial grain size decreases as a result of the downstream change in planform. This is because of a decrease in flow velocity and shear stress associated with a decrease in channel depth related to the planform change. Channel geometries in both the field and modelling data fit into distinct groups based on channel depth, the deepest being the single channel reach and the shallowest being the anabranching. This downstream reduction in channel dimension (depth) is caused because the total discharge is split from one channel into multiple channels. The coarsest grain sizes (cobble) are deposited at the terminus of the single channel and in the distributary channels; anabranching channels contain sand‐size sediments. This study shows that, in a transition from single channel to anabranching, the channel dimensions decrease as the number of channels increases, resulting in a decrease in bed shear stress and the fining of bed material downstream.
Construction of a Human Immune Library from Gallbladder Cancer Patients for the Single-Chain Fragment Variable (scFv) Antibody Selection against Claudin 18.2 via Phage Display

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a very aggressive malignant neoplasm of the biliary tract with a poor prognosis. There are no specific therapies for the treatment of GBC or early diagnosis tools; for this reason, the development of strategies and technologies that facilitate or allow an early diagnosis of GBC continues to be decisive. Phage display is a robust technique used for the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) involving (1) the generation of gene libraries, (2) the screening and selection of isoforms related to an immobilized antigen, and (3) the in vitro maturation of the affinity of the antibody for the antigen. This research aimed to construct a human immune library from PBMCs of GBC patients and the isolation of scFv-phage clones with specificity against the larger extracellular loop belonging to claudin 18.2, which is an important biomarker overexpressed in GBC as well as gastric cancer. The immune-library-denominated GALLBLA1 was constructed from seven GBC patients and has a diversity of 6.12 × 1010 pfu mL−1. After three rounds of panning, we were able to identify clones with specificity against claudin 18.2. GALLBLA1 can contribute to the selection, isolation, and recombinant production of new human mAbs candidates for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
Exposures in Aquatic Ecosystems: The Weak Link in Risk Assessments - A Critical Perspective

The foundation of assessing risk for both humans and wildlife is understanding the connection between exposure to stressors and the resulting adverse effects on life. Humans and wildlife are surrounded by a plethora of stressors in human-dominated ecosystems. Most of these stressors do not pose a threat because the exposures to adverse effect levels do not occur or occur only briefly. While the practice of risk assessment has advanced significantly in the past three decades, it still has a number of shortcomings related to our inability to characterize exposures. Widely accepted traditional monitoring and assessment methods continue to be used, which focus on measuring chemicals in water and occasionally sediments or tissues at a small number of sites, then draw conclusions on risk to biota assuming exposures are constant. Spatial and temporal variation are a dominant component of aquatic ecosystems for stressors and biological receptors. The practicality associated with characterizing these exposures and receptor movements must and can be effectively addressed to provide decision-makers with scientifically-based evidence of exposure. More accurate and cost-effective options are described for future improvements in risk assessments.
Abundance and Density of Florida Black Bears in Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge and Osceola National Forest

The Florida black bear (Ursus americanusjloridanus) exists as 7 relatively disjunct populations in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and possibly Mississippi. In 197 4, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission listed the Florida black bear as threatened statewide because of habitat loss and illegal killing. Although the species has not been afforded federal protection, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is currently involved in a lawsuit over this issue. Although a judge's decision is still pending in the case, the earlier ruling by the USFWS could be reversed and the Florida black bear would be granted federal protection as a ''threatened" species. I investigated population size and density of Florida black bears in the Okefenokee-Osceola ecosystem in southeast Georgia and northcentral Florida. I sampled bears at the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge (ONWR) and Osceola National Forest (ONF). This study provided a rare opportunity to compare estimates between a hunted (ONWR) and unhunted (ONF) assemblage of bears within the same population. In addition to livetrapping, I also sampled each study area using a non-obtrusive sampling technique of collecting hair samples from free-ranging bears using baited barbed-wire enclosures. Individual identification was facilitated by microsatellite analysis of DNA extracted from collected hair samples. From 1995-1998, I, along with other project personnel, live captured 123 individual bears 208 times on the Okefenokee area and 79 bears 132 times on the Osceola area. During the 15 weeks of hair sampling, 435 and 742 bear visits resulted in the collection of374 and 637 hair samples on the Okefenokee and Osceola study areas,
Prediction of Lateral Displacements Induced by Liquefaction in the Port of Manzanillo, Mexico During the Earthquake of October 9, 1995

This paper presents the prediction of the lateral displacements due to liquefaction in the yards of the Container Terminal at San Pedrito in the Mexican port of Manzanillo during the earthquake of October 9, 1995 (Ms=7.3, M~8.0). It describes briefly the results of field and laboratory tests carried out after the earthquake in order to obtain the required parameters to compute lateral displacements using the Newmark model and a modified Newmark block analysis which takes account of dilatant behavior; the models were calibrated with results of centrifuge experiments. Field data and simplified liquefaction analysis showed that the liquefied fill had a thickness of 13 m and a gentle slope of one degree. From the laboratory tests a yielding shear stress of 3.3 kPa was estimated, and from seismic risk analyses the input used for the prediction of the lateral displacements was a sinusoidal wave of twenty two cycles of constants amplitude of 3.25 m/s* at a frequency of 1.4 Hz. Since in the case of Manzanillo the laboratory results did not show evidence of dilatant behavior, the original Newmark sliding block analysis was used and predicted a lateral displacements of 1.95 m, which is in good agreement with the actual movements (slightly higher than 2 m) observed after the earthquake.
14C‐Free Carbon Is a Major Contributor to Cellular Biomass in Geochemically Distinct Groundwater of Shallow Sedimentary Bedrock Aquifers

Despite the global significance of the subsurface biosphere, the degree to which it depends on surface organic carbon (OC) is still poorly understood. Here, we compare stable and radiogenic carbon isotope compositions of microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) with those of in situ potential microbial C sources to assess the major C sources for subsurface microorganisms in biogeochemical distinct shallow aquifers (Critical Zone Exploratory, Thuringia Germany). Despite the presence of younger OC, the microbes assimilated 14C‐free OC to varying degrees; ~31% in groundwater within the oxic zone, ~47% in an iron reduction zone, and ~70% in a sulfate reduction/anammox zone. The persistence of trace amounts of mature and partially biodegraded hydrocarbons suggested that autochthonous petroleum‐derived hydrocarbons were a potential 14C‐free C source for heterotrophs in the oxic zone. In this zone, Δ14C values of dissolved inorganic carbon (−366 ± 18‰) and 11MeC16:0 (−283 ± 32‰), an important component in autotrophic nitrite oxidizers, were similar enough to indicate that autotrophy is an important additional C fixation pathway. In anoxic zones, methane as an important C source was unlikely since the 13C‐fractionations between the PLFAs and CH4 were inconsistent with kinetic isotope effects associated with methanotrophy. In the sulfate reduction/anammox zone, the strong 14C‐depletion of 10MeC16:0 (−942 ± 22‰), a PLFA common in sulfate reducers, indicated that those bacteria were likely to play a critical part in 14C‐free sedimentary OC cycling. Results indicated that the 14C‐content of microbial biomass in shallow sedimentary aquifers results from complex interactions between abundance and bioavailability of naturally occurring OC, hydrogeology, and specific microbial metabolisms.