Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of buried land mines using ground-penetrating radar

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has become widely accepted as a major technique for subsoil investigations over the recent years, mainly in civil engineering. Another field of application, on a global scale, is the pollution of vast areas with land mines, especially in countries of former armed conflicts. According to UN estimates, the number of buried anti-personnel mines exceeds 100 million, with 15,000 people killed every year. The rate of new mines being layed is about one million per year and surpasses the number of mines cleared by a factor of twenty. This demonstrates the need to develop new technologies to increase the efficiency of mine clearing operations. The intension of this paper is to give a short review of the underlying principles and limitations of the GPR-technique. The advantage of 3D versus 2D image processing techniques to enhance data quality and thus detection probability is demostrated, using measured data from sandbox experiments with buried plastic mines. The processed data presented show vertical and horizontal planes through the subsurface and give a clear indication of the buried objects. Factors determining the resolution of the method are discussed. Measurements taken from stones are compared with data obtained from buried mines. The mine data exhibit specific resonances, which is probably due to a minor metal content.
Trinary hybrid multilevel inverter used in STATCOM with unbalanced voltages

The application of trinary hybrid multilevel inverter in synchronous static compensation (STATCOM) with unbalanced voltages is investigated. Benefiting from trinary hybrid topology of the inverter, the cost of STATCOM is reduced because of not only fewer switching components but also reduced cost of cooling systems and DC capacitors. The combination of vector control based on synchronous frame and staircase modulation is used in the STATCOM system presented to regulate reactive power or balance bus voltages under balanced or unbalanced conditions. To achieve this control aim, a new method based on the comparison of reference amplitudes and reference signals is presented. The performance of the proposed control strategy is confirmed by simulation and experiment.
2.2.1 Graduate Program in Multi‐Disciplinary System Design and Management

“System Design and Management” program, a study that integrates humanities and sciences by crossing many disciplines, is essential to foster talented persons who can lead in the development and operation of large‐scale complex systems. A graduate school of this program was established at Keio University in 2008. The subject of the education is large‐scale complex technological and social systems, with an education curriculum constructed and practically oriented lectures provided such that students can acquire a capacity of system thinking, a design faculty in line with system life cycles and system management abilities. By collaborating with industries and related stakeholders such as domestic and international educational research institutions, we designed an educational curriculum and recruited faculty members, developed educational facilities and research centers, recruited students, provided education, and moreover designed the method of publishing accomplishments. As for the establishment of the graduate school in April 2008, the educational curriculum was formed to provide students with opportunities to acquire must‐learn capability and knowledge that were classified into six groups. The validity of the education method was confirmed based on verification of the students' self‐evaluation, evaluation by the external evaluation committee and accomplishments by students such as papers, after the first two years of graduate education.
Applying Six Sigma to Quality Improvement in Construction

AbstractTaiwan is in a seismically active zone because it is located in the earthquake-prone Pacific ring of fire. The cracks in lightweight partition walls caused by frequent earthquakes decrease customer satisfaction and increase repair costs in the case company. This research demonstrates how a Six Sigma team can determine and improve the key input variables affecting the cracks in lightweight partition walls. A case study methodology is used in this research to illustrate the tools of Six Sigma by using the project charter to define problems, by using tools of process mapping to display all the input and output variables affecting cracks in lightweight partition walls, by using the C&E (cause-and-effect) Matrix to select highly correlated input variables, and by using failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) to identify causes of the cracks. Unlike conventional Six Sigma, finite-element analysis (FEA) simulation software ABAQUS was used instead of statistical tools to verify variables and to identify.
Violence Against Children and Associated Factors Among High School Students in Jimma Town

Experiencing violence in childhood impacts lifelong health and well-being. Yet being subject to violence at a young age causes enduring psychological, social and neurological vandalism which stops people reaching their full potential in life. Violence against children includes all forms of violence against people under 18 years old ; therefore the purpose of this study is to determine the magnitude of violence against children and associated factors among sampled high school students in Jimma town. Method: Institution based crossectional study was employed among sampled 423 private and public high school students of Jimma town from february15-30, 2018. Self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. A multi stage with proportional to sample size was employed. Result: A total of 419 respondents participated in the study, making the response rate 99%. A large proportion of the study subjects, 57.5 %, were females, and 56.3% were Oromo’s. The study indicates that the prevalence of violence among high school children’s’ in Jimma town is 62.5%. Children who had faced severe physical violence accounted for 14.1%. Pertaining to parental relationships and interactions, the majority of the school children (66.3%) did not have free discussion on reproductive health issues with their parents or guardians. Conclusion: The prevalence of any form of violence in life time (Physical, sexual and psychological) found to be high. Of all children who experienced violence near to half of them encountered mild physical violence. Less number of school children had experience of Kchat chewing and/or alcohol use.
Inelastic response and design criteria of plan-wise asymmetric systems

The study of the torsional response of buildings in the inelastic range of behaviour is of great interest since the ability of structures to resist strong earthquakes mainly relies on their ductility and capacity for energy dissipation. Furthermore, an examination of the performance of structures during past earthquakes demonstrates that plan-asymmetric buildings suffered greater damage due to torsional response. The paper deals with this subject by analysing a model which idealizes a one-storey building with resisting elements oriented along two perpendicular directions. In addition to the parameters of the elastic behaviour, the inelastic system response depends on full yield capacity and plan-wise strength distribution. The influence of the criterion adopted for the design of resisting elements on local ductility demand and damage has been evaluated by parametric analysis. In particular, a comparison has been carried out between systems with equal design levels for all elements and systems with design levels dependent on the element location. For a given elastic behaviour and total capacity, the strength distributions in plan have been defined which minimize ductility demand and structural damage. Finally, based on these findings, responses from models designed according to several seismic codes have been compared.
Comparison of Performance of Conventional Membrane Bioreactor with Dynamic Membrane Bioreactor

The purpose of this study is about comparison of non-woven and 0.45 µ m pore size real membrane placed in one aerobic tank and under same conditions. Comparison has been made between dynamic membrane bioreactors (DMBR) and membrane bioreactor (MBR), which have been employed in a widespread manner, to develop a convenient solution of high membrane cost handicap. Both membrane types operated under same aerobic conditions such as; volume, LMH and SADm. In addition, they have been fed with synthetic municipal wastewater and operated periodically to hinder membrane fouling. At the end of approximate one-month adaptation time course, bioreactors, which have reached stable conditions, have been operated to gather the data throughout 60 days. COD removal rates and turbidity results have been compared and non-woven dynamic membrane results have shown similar results to real membrane in terms of efficiency. Furthermore, dynamic membrane has exposed air back wash and pressure changes examined. While average COD removal is determined 93% for non-woven dynamic membrane and 95% for 0.45 µ m pore size real membrane, turbidity values haveobtained1,5 NTU and 0,7 NTU for non-woven and 0.45 µ m real membrane, respectively.
The Borah Peak, Idaho Earthquake of October 28, 1983—Buildings and Schools

At 8:07 AM MDT, October 28, 1983, a major earthquake (Ms = 7.3) rocked central Idaho. The earthquake source zone was near the base of Mt. Borah with an elevation of 12,662 ft (3859 m). This earthquake is the largest earthquake to occur in Idaho in recorded history, and is the strongest to occur in the continental United States since the magnitude 7.1 Hebgen Lake Montana earthquake of 1959. It was felt that a study of the effects of such a large magnitude earthquake on buildings and communities would enhance understanding of the response of buildings to different types of earthquakes. Therefore, an EERI reconnaissance team was dispatched to the earthquake area on the day following the event. Performance of buildings and other structures near the earthquake source zone is discussed.
Semi-definite programming-based method for security-constrained unit commitment with operational and optimal power flow constraints

Considering the economics and securities for the operation of a power system, a semi-definite programming (SDP) model for the security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) problem is described here, which is directly solved by the interior-point method for SDP within the polynomial times. The proposed method is promising for the SCUC problems because of its excellent convergence and the ability of handling the non-covex integer variables. No model decomposition and initial relaxation are needed when applying the SDP-based method. When the solution contains minor mismatches in the integer variables, a simple rounding strategy is used to correct the non-integer into integer efficiently. Different test cases from 6 to 118 buses over a 24 h horizon are presented. Extensive numerical simulations have shown that the proposed method is capable of obtaining the optimal UC schedules without any network and bus voltage violations, and minimising the operation cost as well.
Modeling of Resources Capability for Manufacturing Equipments in Cloud Manufacturing

Being a kind of actual resources, manufacturing equipment resources (MERs) need to be virtualized and encapsulated into services. Our proposed works mainly focus on manufacturing capability of MERs that is consisted of two aspects: static functional capability and dynamic production capability, and relationship between related concepts so as to model MERs by ontology web language (OWL) that is based on semantic. In this paper, firstly, ontology based methodology within manufacture field is developed according to cloud manufacturing characters. Secondly, manufacturing capability is studied from functional attribute capability and production capability, then, the related concepts classes and relationship are analyzed, with the special properties defined to describe these classes based on semantic. Thirdly, the built in model is described by OWL (ontology web language) using protégé tool and an instance of MER is built based on the proposed model to express its manufacturing capability. Finally, this model is applied to Cloud MERs service platform, which is constructed for a given enterprise group, to provide MERs services. Moreover, Web Service is used in the platform to realize the sharing of the provided services.
Integrating reliability and structural health monitoring in the fatigue assessment of concrete bridge decks

The overall objective of this article is to demonstrate how the concepts of reliability and structural health monitoring (SHM) can be integrated to create bridge assessment and decision systems. The steel-free concrete bridge deck system was chosen as a specific case study providing tangible focus for the research. The bridge assessment model therefore focused on fatigue cracking issues associated with wheel loads due to heavy truck traffic. The bridge assessment model required five components: a vehicle load model, a fatigue damage accumulation model, a residual strength model, a reliability model and an SHM decision model. Each of these components is discussed within the article with specific reference to previous research on steel-free bridge deck systems. The proposed model is used to develop a decision threshold for monitoring the oldest steel-free bridge deck in service.
NON-INVASIVE METHOD TO CALCULATE THE CONCENTRATION OF HEMOGLOBIN COMPONENTS AND FRACTIONAL OXYGEN SATURATION

Si Λ Ι Μ Ι Ι Π Alt luuigh pulse oximctry is a Standard mcthod UM ιηοηιΐυπιιμ the oxygen Saturation of hemoglobin in Operation rooms and intensive eare, it still has many sluMtcommgs. C'ommereial pulse oximcters compute tuiK' t in iui l oxygen Saturation from relative values of o\\ lK'mogk>bin and reduccd hemoglobin (MbO2, RHb). Methemoglobin (Melilb) and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) aiv coMsideted to be COHb and MetHb. This assumption is undci some cireumstances too dangcrous and has lo be climmated. It causes the device to show false oxygenation. In this \\ork, a photometrical non-invasive method is dexeloped to measure the concentralion of all above mcntioncd hemoglobin forms, the fractional oxygen satunition and pulse rate . The Signal of transmitted light detected at the opposite sidc of irradiated probe is processed uccording to a modifted Lambert-Beer law. We s! n)\v also the first results of our work, vvhich agrees well with thosc of the invasive method
Chatter identification using HHT for boring process

This paper presents a signal processing technique of chatter detection for boring bar based on the Hilbert–Huang Transform (HHT). HHT is suitable for the analysis of non-stationary and non-linear signals. The flow of HHT for processing chatter signal and the principle are introduced. Two kinds of signals from strain gauge and FBG sensor are compared by HHT. The signals are decomposed into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) using empirical mode decomposition (EMD). The Hilbert transform is then applied on each IMF to obtain the instantaneous frequencies with time and their amplitudes. Finally, the marginal and the Hilbert spectrums of strain signals were produced using selected IMFs. The results show that the HHT-based strain signal analysis can also be considered as a simple and reliable method for chatter vibration detection.
Research on the Posture Kinematics Model of Multi-Joint Caterpillar Robot and its Motion Control

It is higher superior of the caterpillar mobile robots to others types of robots in unknown complex environment, the advantage is apparently; but the issue is, it is difficulty in exact analyzing the posture of the robot kinematics model. In this paper, the new ideas proposed in the view of this issue, on the solution of posture motion model in the non-structural environment, motion agencies is transformed by the equivalent mechanism transformation, a fixed posture on the ground movement model is established by the screw theory. The posture model of non-holonomic constraints multi-joint caterpillar robot could be transferred into a kinematics model of parallel mechanism posture. Besides, the posture control method on over-obstacle stability is proposed, analyzing with the controlling experiment.
Air Conditioning: A practical introduction

Preface. Introduction. Acknowledgements. The use of SI units SI units multiples and sub-multiples, physical constants.Symbols. List of figures. Air conditioning systems:The decision to air condition. Methods of system operation. Low cost cooling. Air handling zones. Single duct variable air temperature 100 per cent fresh air. Single duct variable temperature with recirculation. Single duct variable temperature multiple zone. Single duct variable air volume. Single duct variable air volume and temperature. Single duct variable air volume perimeter heating. Single duct with induction units. Single duct with fan coil units. Single duct reversible heat pump. Dual duct with variable temperature. Dual duct with variable air volume. Independent unit. Split system. Reversible heat pump. Chilled ceiling. District cooling. Project building. Airport system. Questions. Psychrometric Design Properties of humid air. Summary of formulae. Psychrometric processes. Heating. Cooling. Mixing. Steam humidification. Questions. Solar heat gain. Solar and internal heat gains. Sun position. Shading effects. Design total irradiance. Sol air temperature. Heat transmission through glazing. Heat gain through the opaque structure. Plant cooling load. Peak summertime temperature in a building. Balance temperature. Questions. Fluid flow. Pipe and duct equation. Water flow at 10oC. Water flow at 75oC. Flow of methane in pipes. Air flow in ducts. Heat carrying capacity. Pump and fan power consumption. Thermal storage. Questions. System design. Ventilation requirements. Air handling equations. Plant air flow design. Coordinated system calculations. Question. Ductwork design. Air pressure in a duct. Variations of pressure along a duct. Pressure changes at a fan. Flow measurement in a duct. Ductwork system design. Duct sizing program. Questions. Automatic control systems. Components of control systems. Control system diagramme. Heating and ventilating control. Single duct variable air temperature control. Single duct variable air volume control, vav. Chilled water plant. Electrical wiring diagramme. Questions. Commissioning and maintenance. Commissioning. Information required. Visual data. Electrical items. Setting to work. Duct air leakage test. Air flow regulation. Instruments needed. Gas detectors. Ventilation rate measurement. Commissioning automatic control systems. Commissioning sequence. Maintenance schedule. Questions. Fans and systems. Introduction. Fan types. Fan characteristic curves. Fan data calculation. Fan testing. Duct system characteristic. Fans in series. Fan power. Fan performance control. Commissioning and maintenance. Questions. References. Index.
Audiological Rehabilitation in a Residential Aged Care Facility

The aims of the study reported in this article were to (i) investigate the levels of hearing impairment, activity limitations and participation restrictions in the residents of an aged care facility; (ii) assess the communication environment of the facility; and (iii) describe the implementation and outcomes of a holistic, communication- focused approach to the audiological rehabilitation of residents. Fifteen residents (aged 79 to 99 years) were recruited to this study. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using pure-tone audiometry as a measure of impairment, self-report measures of activity limitations and participation restrictions, and a modified version of the Communication Environment Assessment and Planning Guide to examine environmental factors. Interventions were administered both at the level of the individual as well as the wider communication environment. Results indicated that 14 of the 15 residents were hearing impaired, with four experiencing significant levels of activity limitations and participation restrictions. A moderate correlation was obtained between impairment and activity limitations/participation restrictions. Eight participants were assessed post-intervention; although activity limitations/participation restrictions scores did not show any significant differences, qualitative data indicated some of the benefits of the program. The study not only supported previous findings on the nature of hearing impairment, activity limitations and participation restrictions in residents of aged care facilities, but also importantly highlighted the difficulties faced by clinicians and researchers working in this environment.
Ultra-wideband unequal in-phase power divider using three-line coupled structure

A compact ultra-wideband in-phase power divider using a three-line coupled structure is proposed. The power division of the device depends on the coupling factors between the centreline and the two sidelines. For an enhanced isolation between the output ports, a 100 ω chip resistor is connected between the ends of the two sidelines, whereas the end of the centre line is grounded. To verify the design, a prototype with 2:1 power division was fabricated and tested. The measured results validate the ultra-wideband performance with more than 12 dB return loss, more than 13 dB isolation and <0.2 dB and 4° amplitude and phase imbalances, respectively, across the band 3.1-10.6 GHz.
Genetic diversity among snake melon landraces (Cucumis Melo Var. Flexuosus) using molecular descriptors

Abstract Genetic diversity among 17 Jordanian snake melon (Cucumis melo var. flexuosus) landraces was investigated using 8 AFLP primer combinations and 14 ISSR molecular markers. The eight AFLP primer combinations produced 403 bands among which 219 (54%) were polymorphic with the polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 92.1% to 95.5%. The Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) classified the landraces into two groups based on Dice similarity coefficient, ranging from a high of 0.88 to a low of 0.22% similarity. Bootstrapping of the obtained AFLP-clusters ranged from 33 to 97. The 14 ISSR primers produced 63 bands, among which 27 (43%) were polymorphic, and classified the landraces into two groups ranging from a high of 0.97 to a low of 0.39% similarity. Bootstrapping of the obtained ISSR clusters ranged from 2 to 96. Both AFLP and ISSR markers were successful in amplifying informative bands for different snake melon landraces and showed moderate level of positive correlation (r = 0.71) based on Mantel test. While the principal component analysis explained 34% of the total variation, AFLP and ISSR markers were successful in characterizing and identifying potential important population sources for snake melon breeders.
Characteristics-Based Factors

Recent studies have proposed a large set of powerful characteristics-based factors in the stock market. This study examines the pricing of these factors using portfolios that are formed by directly sorting stocks based on their exposure to these factors. These beta-sorted portfolios have very large ex post factor beta spreads. However, the return spreads between high- and low-beta firms are typically tiny and insignificant (on average, 0.01% per month). More important, we show that the differences between factor-adjusted returns and characteristics-adjusted returns for these beta-sorted portfolios are both economically and statistically significant at about 0.41% per month. In addition, factor-adjusted returns and characteristics-adjusted returns can be significantly different for a large number of anomalies and mutual funds. Our results thus urge cautions regarding the common practice of using factor models such as adjusting for investment style, performance evaluation, and performance attribution.