Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kunnskapsbasert folkehelse – eksempel fysisk aktivitet

Kunnskapsbasert folkehelse er et relativt nytt begrep hvor a) behov og verdier i populasjonen, b) sosiale og lokale forhold, c) tilgjengelige ressurser, og d) beste tilgjengelige kunnskap fra forskning inkluderes i beslutningsgrunnlaget for valg av tiltak for a bedre folkehelsen. I artikkelen brukes fysisk aktivitet som eksempel for a illustrere hva kunnskapsbasert folkehelse kan innebaere i praksis. Flere store undersokelser basert pa representative utvalg viser at det fysiske aktivitetsnivaet i den norske befolkningen er lavt. Vi vet fra internasjonale studier at store forandringer av fysiske omgivelser, arbeidsliv og bruk av transportmidler har redusert fysisk aktivitet betraktelig over de siste tiarene. Det fysiske aktivitetsnivaet er dessuten skjevt fordelt i befolkningen. Personer med hoy utdanning har for eksempel hoyere aktivitetsniva enn personer med lav utdanning. I Norge kanaliseres offentlige midler for a fremme fysisk aktivitet til organisert idrett, satsing pa egenorganisert idrett og friluftsliv, og malrettede satsinger pa a na de fysisk inaktive. Systematisk oppsummert kunnskap om effekt av tiltak for okt fysisk aktivitet viser at tiltak pa individniva gir en liten til moderat okning av fysisk aktivitet pa kort sikt, at tiltak i skolen oker varighet av fysisk aktivitet i skolen for barn og ungdom, og at enkle, konkrete tiltak pa samfunnsniva oker fysisk aktivitet noe. Denison E. Evidence-based public health: The example of physical activity . Nor J Epidemiol 2013; 23 (2): 181-185. ENGLISH SUMMARY Evidence-based public health is a relatively new concept implying that decisions about interventions in the public health area be based on a) population needs and values, b) social and local contexts, c) available resources, and d) the best available scientific evidence. In this article physical activity is used to illustrate evidence-based public health in practice. Several large studies based on representative samples have demonstrated that the level of physical activity in the Norwegian population is low. International studies have shown that big changes in our physical environments, working lives, and transportation over the latest decades have reduced the level of physical activity substantially. In addition, the level of physical activity is skewed in the population. Persons with higher education are for example more active than persons with lower education. Public resources for physical activity in Norway are directed to organized sports, to initiatives for self-organized physical activity in sports and outdoor life, and to efforts to reach the physically inactive. Systematic reviews about effects of interventions to increase physical activity show that interventions targeting individuals give small to moderate increases of physical activity in the short term, that school based interventions increase the duration of physical activity in children and adolescents, and that simple, concrete interventions at the community level increase physical activity somewhat.
Construction professionals' perception of critical success factors for large‐scale construction projects

Purpose – Large‐scale construction projects pose several challenges for successful completion. There seems to be no general agreement among researchers on what are the critical success factors (CSFs) on construction projects. Success factors vary across various projects, let alone countries. This paper attempts to elicit the perception of construction professionals on CSFs appertaining to large‐scale construction projects in Thailand.Design/methodology/approach – Questionnaire surveys and interviews were conducted with project managers, deputy project managers, and line managers to gather their perception on CSFs.Findings – Results of 76 questionnaire surveys and 35 interviews revealed that factors related to project planning and control, project personnel, and involvement of client were perceived to be critical for the success of large‐scale construction projects in Thailand. Participants also showed their high concern for sufficient resources, adequate communication, mutual understanding of stakeholders.
Evaluation of Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitudes toward Pain Management at Baghdad Teaching Hospitals

Poorly managed or unmanaged pain is a problem that affects individuals, entire healthcare systems and societies throughout the world . Objectives: To assess nurses’ knowledge and attitudes about patient’s pain management and to find out the relationship between knowledge , attitudes and their demographical characteristic. Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional design study was carried out among 100 nurses working in male and female surgical wards, ICU, surgical ward, emergency and operating theatre of four teaching hospitals, Baghdad city. Census method was used to select the participants, in which all the nurses working in the selected wards who agreed to participate in the study were selected. Data was collected by distributing structured self-administered questionnaire which was a modified form of a standard tool, that is, Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitude Survey Regarding Pain (NKASRP) developed by Ferrel and McCaffery. Results: The majority of the study were male who accounted for (63%) of the total participants while female constituted (37%). Most of participants (49%) were ages between (18 – 27) years old, a high percentage of them were have institute graduate (40%), (50%) of the nurses were single and the remainder was married. Majority of them (37%) were employee (1-5) years in employment in nursing. Majority of them (45%) were employee (1-5) years in intensive care unit, and finally majority of nurses (77%) have training session about patient’s pain management. Conclusions: This study indicated that nurses’ have poor knowledge about pain management, as well as study indicated overall nurses’ have positive attitudes toward pain management.
Multidirectional antenna - A new approach to stacked beams

The multidirectional antenna is a linear array which is connected to a multiplex transmission line network. The schematic of the network and array is shown. The principle of operation of this antenna is then derived from an analysis of the forward scatter of a series-exoited array, the radiating elements of whioh are connected to the feedline by direotional couplers. A travelling wave progresses from the input terminal to the load terminal giving up power at each directional coupler to the corresponding radiating element. Many practical applications or this technique are possible. particularly wherever simultaneous surveillance of a wide angular sector with the resolution of a narrow beam is required.
The Effect of Psychological Capital on the Financial Performance of Local Governorates in Gaza Strip

This study aimed to investigate the impact of psychological capital on the financial performance of local Governorates in Gaza Strip, in order to achieve the objectives of the study researcher relied on the literature and previous relevant studies to obtain data and information of the theoretical framework, the practical framework has been used the questionnaire to suit the subject the study and hypotheses to collect preliminary data on the subject of the study, also financial ratios analysis was made of all the municipalities of Gaza Strip over three years 2014,2015, and 2016 to measure the financial performance, where the study was applied to all of the 25 municipalities of the Gaza Strip, (220) questionnaires were distributed using the Comprehensive count method to all the financial and administrative department staff of those municipalities, (182) questionnaires were recovered and valid for analysis, that means the recovery rate was (83%), a statistical analysis was made for questionnaires using statistical analysis program (SPSS) and Standard Analysis Program (Eviews), and to conduct appropriate tests of this type in order to test the hypotheses and to reach indications of values that support the subject of the study. The most important findings which the study reached, the existence of a disparity in the effect of the dimensions of psychological capital (self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience) on the liquidity indicators and the production efficiency indicators of the local Governorates in Gaza Strip. Where there is no statistically significant effect of the dimensions of psychological capital (Self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience) on the indicators of financial flexibility and Productive efficiency of the individual indicators for the local Governorates in the Gaza Strip. The efficiency of financial performance during the years 2014, 2015 and 2016 was low. there is statistically significant effect of resilience dimension due to the age variable, while there is no statistically significant effect of the other dimensions of psychological capital (Self-efficacy, hope, and optimism) due to the controllable variables (age, qualification, experience, and current job), and that psychological capital development strategies (job satisfaction, Incentives and rewards, the provision of an appropriate work environment, and equity in the municipality) have a positive role in improving the financial performance of the local Governorates in Gaza Strip. The most important recommendations: is the need of the municipal administration to enhance psychological capital, job satisfaction, justice and equity, pay attention to incentives and periodic rewards, and provide an appropriate work environment for municipal employees, which will enhance the psychological capital, enhance organizational and municipal programs in the municipal strategic plan, and to find ways to increase collection efficiency and reduce indebtedness.
Vibration attenuation control on HMBs

The article describes the study of the vibration control of unbalanced shafts supported by (active-passive) or hybrid magnetic bearings (HMBs). The vibration control study is carried out on the magnetic active part (stator) of a HMB on the basis of a diagnosis of the shaft dynamics. Since the mechanical faults affecting an active magnetic bearing has its origin in the machine rotor due to mechanical and/or magnetic disturbances, coils current is a reliable variable which can be measured and controlled simultaneously based on the electromagnets models and real time measurements. The vibration (amplitude, frequency and phase) is measured and a compensation current computed for amplitude and shifted phase is applied to attenuate the shaft vibration. Achieved results on a case study are compared with real-time vibration control results, being shown and discussed.
A brief guide to sampling in educational settings

This tutorial gives an overview of sampling techniques commonly used in the ﬁeld of education such as simple randomized sampling, stratiﬁcation methods and (multistage) cluster randomized sampling. Advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are described without diving too deep into sampling theory. Instead, each technique is exempliﬁed with data and program code in R. Finally, all presented techniques are combined to show the complexity of samples in famous educational large-scale studies such as PISA. Again an example with R code illustrates the theoretical descriptions.
Generating Policies for Sustainable Water Use in Complex Scenarios: An Integrated Land-Use and Water-Use Model of Monroe County, Michigan

Rapidly declining groundwater levels since the early 1990s have raised serious concern in Monroe County, Michigan. Hydrological studies suggest that land-use changes have caused this decline. The mechanisms linking land-use and groundwater dynamics are not clear, however. In this paper I present WULUM, the Water-Use and Land-Use Model, an agent-based model that serves as an analytical framework to understand how these processes interact to create the observed patterns of resource depletion, and to suggest policies to reverse the process. The land-use component includes the main groundwater extractors in the county—stone quarries, golf courses, farms, and households. The groundwater component includes the glacial deposits and the underlying bedrock acquifer. The behavior of water users is defined by simple rules that determine their location and consumption. The dynamics of groundwater are represented through infiltration and diffusion rules between each cell and its immediate neighbors. Initial explorations with the model showed that land-use patterns contributed significantly to groundwater declines, while eliminating quarry dewatering did not entirely solve the problem. Both low-density and high-density zoning restrictions improved aquifer conditions over medium-density development, suggesting a nonlinear relationship between intensity of residential use and groundwater levels. Moreover, of all the natural and policy variables, zoning had the greatest influence on urban settlement and therefore on resource consumption.
EDA-Based Charging Algorithm for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle to Shift the Peak of Power Supply

This paper proposes a charging algorithm which is based on the Estimation of Distribution Algorithm (EDA) for Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV). The proposed algorithm shifts the peak of power supply, satisfies the requested State of Charge (SoC [%]), and minimizes the charging cost. The proposed algorithm uses flexible weight for charging and upper charging limit to each PHEV to minimize the charge amount in peak time. The simulation result shows that the proposed algorithm shifts the peak of power supply in commute time zones, satisfies SoC of 93% PHEVs, and reduces charging cost by 31% compared with conventional EDA algorithm.
Mechanoelectrical impedance of a carbide-derived carbon-based laminate motion sensor at large bending deflections

The mechanoelectrical properties of a supercapacitor-like ionic electroactive polymer laminate with carbide-derived carbon-based electrodes are investigated using a special rig, which bends the laminate following a well-defined bending profile. The bending device is characterized by homogeneous and sinusoidal changes in curvature in a wide frequency range (1 mHz–3 Hz), and very high curvature amplitudes (up to ±121 m−1). During bending, the curvature of the laminate remains uniform. The parameters recorded during bending include the generated voltage, electric current and charge. The results show a nonlinear frequency response of the tested material in the whole investigated frequency range. Electric current and charge are found to be directly proportional to the area of the bent laminate, and are therefore advantageous for motion sensing.
Bilingual cognitive and language development in the early years

: This article offers an examination of how learning two languages from an early age may be an asset to children’s development. Although discourses on language learning development are not new, it is crucial to understand the benefits of being bilingual from a very early age. At the interface of bilingual development, the present review article provides a summary of the knowledge gained by science into the effects on children’s cognitive development during the language acquisition process. Results from this review suggest that bilingual children enjoy cognitive gains which are critical for students’ success but there are some challenges that can be addressed to further enhance bilingual children’s learning. Rather than causing any kind of delay, being bilingual improves cognitive skills and more research on early childhood bilingualism must be further developed.
A fingerprinting‐based indoor localization system using intensity modulation of light emitting diodes

In this article, we propose a two‐dimensional indoor localization system using fingerprinting of received optical signals emitted from light emitting diodes (LEDs). The transmitters and receiver are designed and constructed to use visible light as the signal for localization. At the transmitter side, the input voltage/current is modulated with continuous waves before being sent to the LEDs, where each transmitter is assigned with a different frequency. At the receiver side, the power spectral density of the received signal is calculated and the location is estimated as one of the fingerprint locations using a novel but yet simple algorithm. Both the simulation and experiment have been conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the system in a controlled environment. We demonstrate that the system has the potential to estimate locations in the level of centimeters. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1218–1227, 2012
Day 3 versus day 5 embryo freezing: which is better, A comparative study

Group 2 (n =150), will underwent embryo freezing at day 5 then will undergo FET (Blastocyst) The duration of the study had been from 6 to 12 months, Results: the results revealed that there is high significant difference between the studied groups as regard Total number of survival more survival was observed in blastocyst group, while there is no significant difference between the studied groups as regard completed transfer. Conclusion: The maintenance of embryo culture until day 5 may be a more sensible approach for the correct identification of best quality embryos with the highest probability of success for both transfer and freezing.
An impaired driver model for safe driving by control of vehicle parameters

This paper presents the results of the investigation on a driver model that can be adjusted to perform the role of an impaired driver (especially, an alcohol-affected driver) who exhibits the deterioration in driving skills in correlation with a specific level of impairment. The linear vehicle model providing lateral displacement and yaw is coupled with the driver model that is derived as a linear quadratic regulator with delay. The decrement of performance is modelled by decreasing parameters that are preview time, visual perception, control gains and increasing reaction time. By comparing the standard deviation of the lateral position between the model and the real driver, the performance of the driver model impaired at the blood alcohol concentrations of 0.05%, 0.08% and 0.11% results in deteriorations of 21%, 26% and 30%, respectively. The lateral error is reduced if the vehicle parameters are adjusted to adapt to the impaired driver model.
Electronically Programmable Inductorless Ladder Filters

A technique is presented for the design of a programmable filter instrument in which the frequency response may be electronically programmed by an external analog or digital signal. The active ladder structure is used because the passband insertion loss is highly insensitive to element tolerances. The basis of the method is the selection of a set of electronically switched conductances within the general active ladder structure, which is directly related to the frequency domain characteristics of the transfer function. The frequency response is controlled by accurately programming the values of the conductances in this set. An instrument is presented which embodies these principles and illustrates the versatility which is possible with programmable active ladder structures.
Decay of UV-induced fiber Bragg gratings

Ultraviolet photosensitivity in germanium-doped silicate glasses is currently an area of significant interest. In particular, UV- induced Bragg phase gratings in optical fibers have recently been demonstrated in numerous applications, such as short single-frequency fiber lasers, hybrid semiconductor-fiber lasers, polarization- and transverse-mode converters, and fiber sensors. Although these phase gratings are often described as permanent structures, the degree of permanence has not been adequately investigated. Many applications of fiber gratings, such as precise wavelength-control devices for communications systems, require extremely high tolerances on the optical properties of the gratings over long times. Some applications might also require operation at elevated temperatures, thus posing additional environmental wear.
Microstructure analysis of hardened recycled aggregate concrete

Fifty percent of the total weight of construction and demolition waste is concrete. Consequently, the utilisation of crushed waste concrete must be considered as imperative in concrete production. Recycled aggregates are formed basically by adhered mortar and original aggregates. Adhered mortar is a very porous material, with a high absorption capacity and high permeability. Four different percentages (0, 25, 50 and 100%) of wet recycled coarse aggregates were used in the production of the concrete tested, the same compressive strength being obtained in all four mixes. The microstructure of recycled aggregate concrete was analysed using a fluorescent light optical microscope, which made it possible to observe the high porosity of recycled aggregates with and without adhered mortar, the increment of air void percentage in new cement paste when high amounts of recycled aggregates are used and the effectiveness of new interfacial transition zone in recycled aggregate concrete.
Disasters by Design: A Reassessment of Natural Hazards in the United States

Disasters by Design provides an alternative and sustainable way to view, study, and manage hazards in the United States that would result in disaster-resilient communities, higher environmental quality, inter- and intragenerational equity, economic sustainability, and improved quality of life. This volume provides an overview of what is known about natural hazards, disasters, recovery, and mitigation, how research findings have been translated into policies and programs; and a sustainable hazard mitigation research agenda. Also provided is an examination of past disaster losses and hazards management over the past 20 years, including factors--demographic, climate, social--that influence loss. This volume summarizes and sets the stage for the more detailed books in the series.
The Study on LED Accelerated Life Testes and Failure Mechanism

The paper is studied on the performances of low power light-emitting diode and high power LED under high-current. After observing and measuring the degeneration of them, the Analysis of the failure mechanism is given. The degenerations of the optical parameter, electronic parameter and thermal parameter of high power LED under 600mA current stress are measured and the failure mechanism is analyzed. The I-V characteristic curve proves that the degeneration is happened in active region. Under high-current stress, the active region of high power LED is ageing which leads to much more defects. The degenerations of pins on the resin package, metal wire and surface layer metal pads are found with scanning electron microscope.
The effects of wide-band signals on radar antenna design

The amount of information about the angle of arrival of a plane wave incident on a line aperture is shown to depend on the bandwidth of the incident signal as well as on the extent of the aperture. Conventional antenna theory assumes the angular resolution of an antenna depends only on the aperture extent and illumination. However, by autocorrelation techniques further angular resolution can be obtained. This additional directivity depends on the extent of the signal bandwidth. It is shown for line arrays that the obtainable directivity information depends on the aperture illumination function and the autocorrelation function of the incident signal. In view of the vast amount of information available concerning conventional antennas, the results of this paper have been related to conventional antenna theory. The antenna designer can specify the desired directivity pattern in terms of a conventional single-frequency aperture illumination function. The effects of this single frequency illumination function can then be achieved for wide-band signals by a simpler illumination function. Some examples of the theory are given.