Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying Wrong-Way Driving Incidents from Regular Traffic Videos Using Unsupervised Trajectory-based Method

Currently, transportation agencies have implemented different wrong-way driving (WWD) detection systems based on loop detectors, radar detectors, or thermal cameras. Such systems are often deployed at fixed locations in urban areas or on toll roads. The majority of rural interchange terminals does not have real-time detection systems for WWD incidents. Portable traffic cameras are used to temporarily monitor WWD activities at rural interchange terminals. However, it has always been a time-consuming task to manually review those videos to identify WWD incidents. The objective of this study was to develop an unsupervised trajectory-based method to automatically detect WWD incidents from regular traffic videos (not limited by mounting height and angle). The principle of the method includes three primary steps: vehicle recognition and trajectory generation, trajectory clustering, and outlier detection. This study also developed a new subtrajectory-based metric that makes the algorithm more adaptable for vehicle trajectory classification in different road scenarios. Finally, the algorithm was tested by analyzing 357 h of traffic videos from 14 partial cloverleaf interchange terminals in seven U.S. states. The results suggested that the method could identify all the WWD incidents in the testing videos with an average precision of 80%. The method significantly reduced person-hours for reviewing the traffic videos. Furthermore, the new method could also be applied in detecting and extracting other kinds of abnormal traffic activities, such as illegal U-turns.
Class E RF/microwave power amplifier: linear "equivalent" of transistor's nonlinear output capacitance, normalized design and maximum operating frequency vs. output capacitance

Previous studies led by the authors yield a maximum operating frequency value for a class E amplifier considering a linear capacitance shunting the device. This linearity also appears in most classical mathematical analyses published so far. This paper faces the problem of finding a linear equivalent capacitance (easy to handle) of the nonlinear voltage-dependent output capacitance of the semiconductor device. A novel definition for equivalence is herein presented, as well as further important consequences in the class E amplifier's normalisation and design and in the frequency scheme.
H2S Detection Sensing Characteristic of CuO/SnO2 Sensor

Abstract: Among the various metal oxide additives tested, the complex of CuO is outstanding in promoting the sensing properties of an SnO 2 sensor for H 2 S in air. The SnO 2 sensors loaded with 5 wt. % CuO is extremely sensitive to H 2 S at 200 o C and below, while it is almost insensitive to many other gases. The response to H 2 S is rather slow but the recovery is very rapid. The added CuO particles interact electronically with the surface of SnO 2 (p-n junctions) to make the sensor highly resistive, while the interaction is disconnected when CuO is sulfurized to CuS in the H 2 S containing atmosphere, leading to a drastic decrease in electrical resistance. The H 2 S sensing properties, particularly the rate of response, of CuO/SnO 2 sensors are influenced by the CuO loadings and operating temperature as well as the thickness of CuO loading film. Keywords: Tin oxide, copper oxide, sensing properties, H 2 S Introduction The detection of H 2 S, a bad-smelling and toxic gas, is very important in environmental monitoring. Therefore, much attention has been paid to the search for H
Multiband FSS with wideband and sharp falling down characteristics

A multiband frequency selective surface (FSS) with wideband and sharp falling down characteristics is proposed. Measured results agree well with simulated ones and indicate that the proposed FSS performs well for any polarization. A study on how the parameters affect performances is proceeded and a guideline of how to regulate the related parameters to achieve desired resonant frequencies is introduced. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:378–382, 2016
Förhållanden som påverkar samt omvårdnadsåtgärder som främjar sömn hos äldre vårdtagare med sömnproblematik - en kvalitativ studie om vårdspersonalens erfarenheter

Aldre vardtagare med somnproblematik ar, enligt studier, undervarderat i forskning. Somnproblematik hos aldre visar sig vanligen som svarigheter att fasta somn och uppvaknande nattetid eller tidig .
Ambiente de informações para apoio à decisão dos gestores do controle do câncer de mama

Cancer control in Brazil currently represents one of the greatest challenges of Public Health. Despite cancer’s current position as second cause of death by illness, the necessary effort to accomplish a variety of complex actions and, increase of cancer incidence increase, there is however an inadequate visibility by Brazilian society and health professionals. In order to contribute to this broad challenging debate, Information Management (IM) and Knowledge Management (KM) techniques and tools available could be applied to Public Health management and hence allow improvement. Contrastively to the profusion of Public Health data, it has been difficult for managers of the Brazilian Health System (Sistema Unico de Saude - SUS) to have access to decision making information, due to either unavailability, insufficiency, redundancy, inconsistency and, mainly, fragmentation of the available information. These were questions that motivated this study and lead to the hypothesis of organizing an information environment that would be innovational, created in virtual space (Internet), intensive use of information technologies, coupled by modeling statistics methods, mathematical modeling and incorporation of spatial and time based computational intelligence and, lastly, inclusion of IM and KM concepts. The main objective of this environment and, therefore, of the present work is the construction of a information environment model that assists the SUS manager to decision making for breast cancer control in Brazil.
Subject-specific upper extremity modelling

Insight into the mechanical interaction between muscles and bones can be of great help to understand normal function of the human body and to improve diagnoses and treatments of musculoskeletal disorders. This research presented in this thesis aims to improve the predictions of a musculoskeletal model of the shoulder and elbow (the Delft Shoulder and Elbow Model or DSEM) by extracting anatomical information from MRI scans and other imaging modalities. Several techniques are presented to personalise anatomical parameters and the effect on muscle and joint force predictions are calculated. Due to difficulties related to validation of modelling results and the limited ability to measure all relevant model parameters in vivo, it is concluded that subject-specific models are not likely to lead to a vast new range of applications in the near future.
Desain antena MIMO 2×2 patch rectangular dengan u-slot pada frekuensi 3,5 GHz

Semakin besarnya kebutuhan pengguna dalam sistem telekomunikasi di era sekarang membuat kebutuhan transmisi data pun harus semakin cepat dengan bandwidth yang lebar. Salah satu teknik yang dapat digunakan untuk menghadapi kebutuhan tersebut adalah teknik multiple input multiple output (MIMO) yang menerapkan sistem antena jamak di sisi pemancar dan penerima sehingga dapat meningkatkan kapasitas kanal agar dapat mentransmisikan data atau informasi dari beberapa antena secara bersamaan. Sistem MIMO juga memiliki keunggulan lain yaitu dapat mengatasi multipath fading. Antena ini dapat diaplikasikan pada WLAN 802.11n, sistem OFDM, serta jaringan seluler. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan desain antena MIMO 2×2 patch rectangular dengan u-slot yang bekerja pada frekuensi 3,5 GHz menggunakan jenis substrat Duroid5880 yang memiliki nilai permitivitas relatif 2,2. Berdasarkan simulasi, antena MIMO 2×2 dengan u-slot menghasilkan nilai koefisien isolasi sebesar -21,84 dB dan memiliki bandwidth sebesar 193,5 MHz dengan gain 5,324 dBi.
Evolving Role of Metropolitan Planning Organizations in Transportation Planning for Megaregions

Transportation policy makers and planners are increasingly recognizing that the United States, to remain globally competitive, must address the significant transportation needs of megaregions, the large networks of metropolitan centers and their surrounding areas connected through cultural, environmental, and economic characteristics as well as major infrastructure. In response to transportation challenges that extend beyond the formal boundaries covered by current transportation planning processes, local, regional, and state transportation agencies are developing collaborative processes to plan for megaregions. This process involves flexible adaptation of the roles and responsibilities identified in federal requirements for transportation planning. This paper presents the results of research funded by the Federal Highway Administration on how metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) are working with partners to address transportation issues in seven megaregions. The research used case studies to identify successful technical and institutional approaches, innovations, and challenges for policy makers and peer agencies. The project team developed a framework for evaluating the MPO approach to megaregion planning and refined the framework on the basis of applications to the case studies. The case studies demonstrate a pattern of evolution, suggesting that MPOs engage in a series of activities that may eventually support a transportation system on a megaregion scale. The study considers how MPOs participate and lead in key aspects of planning for megaregions as the MPOs work within and adapt the federal planning framework to conduct technical analysis, forge partnerships, develop studies, and support new projects.
Performance evaluation of a multi-station shared vehicle system

In recent years, shared vehicle systems have garnered a tremendous amount of interest as an innovative transportation paradigm which can potentially alleviate traffic congestion, improve air quality, and make surface transportation more efficient. In a multi-station configuration however, these systems place an additional burden on both users and system operators to make the system successful. Intelligent transportation technology can play a key role in making these systems user-friendly, easy to manage, and efficient. However, these systems will not necessarily succeed through the blind application of separate ITS technology bundles; there is a need to tightly integrate different types of ITS technology. Further, it is important to have quantitative performance measures to measure system efficiency. In this paper, we define various performance measures for multi-station shared vehicle systems and demonstrate their use in a real-world, intelligent shared electric vehicle system operating on the University of California-Riverside campus. This system has been set up as a "testbed" to improve our understanding of the operating details of a multi-station shared vehicle system and to identify the critical operating issues to make such systems successful.
Why Have Developers Been Powerless to Develop Ocean Power?

This Article suggests that regulation by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) offers a robust alternative to regulation by the Mineral Mining Service (MMS) for those alternative energy projects located between three to twelve nautical miles from the U.S. shore. The paper briefly illustrates the ocean’s immense potential to provide this nation with clean, sustainable, and cost-effective energy from ocean waves, tides, and currents. The paper then shows how a heated territorial dispute between FERC and MMS for control over these green energy projects obstructed the research and development necessary to make them viable as the administrative conflict generated immense risks and costs for developers. The paper discusses how ambiguous statutory authority does little to resolve the administrative debate. The paper next compares the relative capabilities of the two agencies and demonstrates that giving FERC lead authority is the soundest solution as FERC (1) has already established a regulatory regime better designed to respond to the needs of the nascent industry; (2) possesses the greatest expertise with hydropower technologies; and (3) has primary jurisdiction over hydrokinetic projects out to approximately three nautical miles from the shoreline already. Beyond these advantages, the paper further discusses the societal benefits of permanent resolution of the debate so that this "blue" green industry may flourish.
Surface and underground seismic characterization at Terziet in Limburg—the Euregio Meuse–Rhine candidate site for Einstein Telescope

We present a detailed characterization of surface and underground seismic noise measured at Limburg in the south of the Netherlands. This location is the Euregio Meuse–Rhine candidate for hosting Einstein Telescope, a future observatory for gravitational waves. Seismic noise measurements were performed with an array of seismometers installed on the surface. Passive seismic methods like beamforming were used to extract the propagation wave types of ambient seismic noise and the Rayleigh-wave dispersion in the region. Subsurface shear-wave models sensitive to depths of 300 m were derived by using the Rayleigh-wave dispersion and ellipticity. Subsurface P-wave velocities to depths of 200 m were obtained from an active seismic survey. Wavepath Eikonal tomography was used on the source-receiver refracted-wave travel-times to obtain a subsurface P-wave velocity model. Both the passive and the active seismic data analysis point to the presence of a layered geology with a soft-soil to hard-rock transition occurring at a shallow depth of about 25 to 40 m. The surface arrays are complemented by two permanent tri-axial seismometers installed on the surface and in a borehole at 250 m depth. Their data are used to interpret the surface-wave and body-wave contributions to the observed seismic noise. We use a cross-correlation analysis and compute the theoretical surface-wave eigenfunctions to understand the contributions of the different wave types at different frequencies. We observe that below 4 Hz in the horizontal component and 9 Hz in the vertical component, the seismic noise at depth is dominantly due to surface waves. Above these frequencies a significant contribution can be attributed to both nearby and far-away body-wave sources. At a depth of 250 m we find that the surface noise power has been damped by up to a factor 104 above about 2 Hz. The Limburg geology with soft-soil on top of hard-rock efficiently damps the anthropogenic noise produced at the surface. This implies that Einstein Telescope’s test masses are shielded from anthropogenic seismic noise and construction at greater depth will not bring significant further improvements in this regard. A body-wave background has been identified that contributes about half of the total underground seismic noise at 250 m depth for frequencies above 4 Hz. It remains to be studied if subtraction schemes for Newtonian noise originating from this body-wave background will be necessary. Finally, we estimate an interferometer downtime of about 3% due to regional and teleseismic earthquakes. We believe this is acceptable as it is comparable to current experience at the LIGO and Virgo interferometer sites.
Urine diverting vermicomposting toilets for Durban, South Africa

Although being the third largest city in South Africa, the outskirts of Durban are scarcely populated. Due to economic limitations, the drainage and fresh water pipes from the city are not extended to the outskirts. One of the most important issues concerning human health is that of sanitation and waste management. Lack of sanitation leads to the spreading of pathogens and often results in outbreaks of infectious diseases, such as cholera; one outbreak motivated eThekwini Municipality to install 100,000 urine-diverting toilets in rural areas of Durban. The use of UD toilets can be improved by the use of vermicomposting. Vermicomposting uses earthworms to facilitate degradation of organic material.The aim for this project was to establish whether vermicomposting could improve the function of dry toilet systems, mainly by reducing the volume of the solid fraction.Three toilets were chosen as testing sites. Vermicomposts were created in plastic boxes by adding different types of compost materials, so-called bedding materials, and worms. Two types of bedding material were used, vegetable compost and local topsoil were compared to potting soil and fully digested sludge mixed with soil.Once the vermicomposts had been installed in the toilets, experiments were conducted to determine the performance of the composts. Samples were taken in the field and analysed in the lab. The number of worms and cocoons were counted and the pH, temperature and total and volatile solids were measured and calculated. Solvita® tests were made to determine the state of the composts.In the laboratory test it appeared that the bedding material consisting of potting soil and fully digested sludge was more suitable for vermicomposting; however, no difference could be found in the field. The worms seemed to survive well in the composts. The pH levels were similar to that of the initial pH, which could suggest that the pH stayed relatively stable in the compost. The temperature in the compost stayed close to that of the outside air temperature. The composts could have had been too dry for the worms, but there was a lot of organic matter present. The composts were well matured or under ideal curing.Because of the short time period and the insufficient number of vermicomposts tested, no definite conclusions could be made. However, indications were seen during the project that there was potential for functioning vermicomposting in UD toilets in South Africa and that it would be of great interest to continue the studies further.
Testing EHV secondary arcs

The protection of the environment requires compact EHV tower constructions. This trend results in decreasing the clearances and phase-to-phase distances. It is expected, that both the number of faults and the amplitude of the secondary arc current will grow in the future. All these make it necessary to improve the efficiency of single-phase reclosing. Secondary arc duration values gained at field tests show a big spread and therefore they do not provide a reliable basis for selecting a suitable dead time. Analyzing the main processes affecting the secondary arc duration, the authors conclude that traveling wave phenomena arising in the intermittent period of secondary arcing have a determining effect on the arc duration. Considering the difficulties connected with field tests and the big influence of the weather conditions on the secondary arc duration, the authors propose to complete laboratory test circuits by such components, which affect the simulation of the wave processes. A method for the detection of the secondary arc extinction on 750 and 400 kV lines is mentioned, which offers a possibility to prevent inefficient reclosures.
Faktor Luaran dan Dalaman yang Mempengaruhi Harga Rumah Teres Di Bandar Baru Bangi

Kenaikan harga rumah di kawasan utama di Malaysia telah menjadi kebimbangan kepada para pembeli rumah terutama di bandar membangun, Bandar Baru Bangi turut menerima tempiasnya. Sehubungan dengan itu kajian ini membincangkan faktor luaran dan dalaman yang mempengaruhi harga rumah teres dua tingkat di Bandar Baru Bangi. Data dan maklumat yang diperoleh adalah daripada hasil kajian dari maklumbalas responden yang terdiri daripada pemaju perumahan. Dapatan kajian yang digunakan ialah melalui kajian perpustakaan dan soalan soal selidik. Data yang diperolehi melalui soal selidik kajian ini, dianalisa dengan mengunakan perisisan iaitu Statistical Package For Social Science (SPSS) 17.0 dan Microsoft Excel . Kaedah analisis min/purata dan indeks kepentingan relatif (RII) dijalankan bagi kajian ini. Daripada hasil kajian, didapati bahawa faktor luaran yang tidak dapat dikawal oleh pemaju perumahan telah memonopoli punca utama faktor yang mempengaruhi harga rumah teres dua tingkat di Bandar Baru Bangi. Faktor luaran yang berkaitan dengan penyediaan kontrak yang dapat dikawal oleh pemaju perumahan mendapat tempat terendah.
A quadratic-constrained least-squares approach to the design of digital filter banks

The author formulates the filter bank design problem as a quadratic-constrained least-square minimization problem. The solution of the minimization problem converges very fast since the cost function and the constraints are quadratic functions with respect to the unknown parameters. The cosine-modulated and the two-channel linear-phase filter banks are designed using the proposed formulation. Compared to other design methods, the proposed technique yields PR (perfect reconstruction) filter banks with much higher stopband attenuation. The filter designed using the new approximation could be used as an initialization filter in a conventional PR filter bank design. <<ETX>>
Subthreshold analysis of floating-gate MOSFET's

An analytical model for subthreshold operation of floating-gate MOSFETs is presented. The authors; first-order analysis shows exponential dependence between the current and drain-to-substrate and source-to-substrate voltages; this is confirmed by experimental data. A small-signal model is presented for the common source configuration. Methods for adjusting the charge on the floating gate are also discussed. <<ETX>>
Surface transfer impedance measurement: a comparison between current probe and pull-on braid methods for coaxial cables

Theoretical models to compute the surface transfer impedance of cables often rely on simplifying assumptions. This, together with the fact that surface transfer impedance can vary considerably between cable samples of the same type, means that measurements become necessary. In this way an average performance may be determined. Many transfer impedance measurement methods have been proposed over the years and each has its own relative strengths. Two frequency-domain measurement methods are compared: the current probe method and the pull-on braid method. Both methods are inexpensive and can be set up very quickly without expensive cable preparation. Moreover, they operate over a broad frequency range with high accuracy. This is shown by the good agreement obtained between measurements carried out with the two methods.