Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flatness-based model inverse for feed-forward braking control

For modern cars an increasing number of driver assistance systems have been developed. Some of these systems interfere/assist with the braking of a car. Here, a brake actuation algorithm for each individual wheel that can respond to both driver inputs and artificial vehicle deceleration set points is developed. The algorithm consists of a feed-forward control that ensures, within the modelled system plant, the optimal behaviour of the vehicle. For the quarter-car model with LuGre-tyre behavioural model, an inverse model can be derived using v x as the ‘flat output’, that is, the input for the inverse model. A number of time derivatives of the flat output are required to calculate the model input, brake torque. Polynomial trajectory planning provides the needed time derivatives of the deceleration request. The transition time of the planning can be adjusted to meet actuator constraints. It is shown that the output of the trajectory planning would ripple and introduce a time delay when a gradual continuous increase of deceleration is requested by the driver. Derivative filters are then considered: the Bessel filter provides the best symmetry in its step response. A filter of same order and with negative real-poles is also used, exhibiting no overshoot nor ringing. For these reasons, the ‘real-poles’ filter would be preferred over the Bessel filter. The half-car model can be used to predict the change in normal load on the front and rear axle due to the pitching of the vehicle. The anticipated dynamic variation of the wheel load can be included in the inverse model, even though it is based on a quarter-car. Brake force distribution proportional to normal load is established. It provides more natural and simpler equations than a fixed force ratio strategy.
Performance comparison between a surface‐volume hybrid integrated mixer and a surface integrated mixer

Two mixers using a “surface‐volume” hybrid integration approach and a “surface” integration approach are designed and fabricated. Their performances are compared with different measurement methods. Experiment results show that this so‐called surface‐volume hybrid integration approach demonstrates advantages when compared with a monotonous integration approach under certain circumstances. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1015–1019, 2014
A Comparative Study of Signal Processing Techniques for Monitoring and Diagnostics

This paper presents a brief review of the signal processing techniques being used in industrial condition monitoring and diagnostics. Four main types of monitoring methods are discussed; Neural Networks, Wavelets, Time-Frequency methods, and Non-linear series. References to existing applications are also included throughout the paper. This aims to introduce the most common techniques which are being used today, namely the multilayer perceptron network, orthogonal and non-orthogonal wavelets, spectrogram, Wigner and Choi-Williams distributions, and Volterra series.Copyright © 1997 by ASME
The development of a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS receiver for GSM

To meet GSM standards, critical building blocks in the RF front-end must provide low noise figures, high linearity and predictable gain, while requiring as few external passive components and consume as little current as possible. This paper presents a transceiver front-end in 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS that includes a 11 mA LNA with 1.9 dB NF, a 6 mA mixer with 12.6 dB NF (SSB), a 71 MHz IF amplifier with programmable gain between -20 and 60 dB in 2 dB steps and an I/Q demodulator with an image rejection of 43.5 dB. The performance of the chip, together with an overall power consumption of 25 mA, makes this chip competitive with most existing BJT solutions.
Modified 3D SCN Transmission Line Matrix Method For Metamaterials Frequency Selective Surfaces

In this paper we introduce a modified 3Dimensional Symmetrical Condensed Node (SCN) transmission line matrix and its application in the metamaterial frequency selective surfaces. Through the work, we explain the modification of the 3D SCN TLM algorithm to simulate efficiently dispersive and non linear metamaterial frequency selective structures. The theoretical code modification principles have been discussed in details. As a study case for our modified code, it has been applied to compute the reflection and transmission coefficients for an incident electromagnetic wave upon a dielectric slab loaded by a metamaterial split ring resonator. These calculations have been compared to others computed using other computation methods computed using commercial packages. There is good agreement between the results obtained using our modified TLM code compared to those obtained using the commercial code.
Base transit time of a bipolar transistor considering field dependent mobility

An empirical expression for the base transit time, τb , of a bipolar transistor with exponential base doping profile is derived considering doping and field dependence of mobility. In the analysis, bandgap-narrowing effect, high injection effect and carrier velocity saturation at the base edge of the collector-base junction are also incorporated. The collector current density, Jc , and minority carrier stored charge, Qb , in the base are separately expressed as a function of the injected electron density no in the base in order to find an empirical expression for τb . The modelling of Jc , Qb and τb is essential for the design of a modern bipolar transistor. The base transit time calculated analytically is compared with simulation and numerical results in order to demonstrate the validity of the assumptions made in deriving the expression. The base transit time is found to be different if the field dependent mobility is considered.
Merge Those Metrics : Towards Holistic (Protocol) Logging

In this position paper for the IAB workshop on “Measuring Network Quality for End-Users”, we observe that there is an apparent threefold split in how we currently log and analyze metrics for di � erent protocol layers and the business logic running on top. We opine that this split makes it more challenging to answer some of the questions the workshop posited, as it makes metrics and behaviours at lower layers harder to correlate with higher layer Quality of Experience indicators. We motivate that a possible solution to this issue is to move towards a consolidated cross-layer and cross-vantage point logging approach that can provide a more holistic view of a system’s behaviour that can then be analyzed with specialized tools. To kickstart discussion, we debate recent e � orts in this direction and highlight several ensuing opportunities and potential practical challenges.
Alien Gene Introgression in Crop Improvement – New Insights

Alien genes have contributed several traits in the crop plants which are not available in the cultivated background. These have helped plant breeders in creating newer genetic diversity, thereby providing additional avenues of selection of better plant types. Vertical and horizontal transfer of alien genes has changed the fate of several crops by imparting resistance to diseases and insect-pests, tolerance to abiotic stresses 22 . Several challenges such as preand post fertilization barriers in distant crosses, problems in normal chromosome pairing, linkage drag, pleiotropic effects and role of recipient genome background on the expression of introgressed alien gene(s) and in HGT, erratic regeneration protocols, difficulty in isolation of genes from wild species and their expression in recipient plants, and possibilities of gene flow pose significant challenges to make alien gene transfer a routine process across all crop species 7 . However, recent advances in sequencing and genotyping technologies have made it possible to develop molecular markers as well as undertake genotyping at large scale in both major as well as minor (or so called orphan crop species) that can be used not only for developing high density genetic and physical maps but also for generating transcriptome or sequence data. In parallel, the high-throughput sequencing and genotyping approaches can be used to detect genetic variation existed in germplasm collection not only in cultivated gene pool but also in landraces and wild species. Furthermore, the QTLs or genes or superior alleles for the trait of interest identified through linkage mapping, association mapping, AB-QTL approach can be introgressed or pyramided in elite varieties or genotype of interest by using MAGIC, MABC, MARS or GWS approaches.
An Effective Brain Tumor Detection System Using Extended Linear Boosting (ELB) Classification Algorithm

Automated computer-aided soft computing methods are presently used to detect the tumor regions in brain images. In this paper, the tumor cells are detected in the brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) using the Extended Linear Boosting (ELB) classification method as one type of soft computing process. This paper proposes an effective brain tumor detection and segmentation method using the ELB classification method. The Curvelet transform is applied on the source brain MRI image to convert the spatial domain pixels into multi-resolution pixel. The spectral and linear discriminate features are computed from the Curvelet transformed coefficient matrix. The dimensionality of the computed features is reduced using the PCA method and the optimized features are then classified using the ELB classification method. The performance evaluation metrics, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and detection rate, are used in this paper to evaluate the performance of the proposed brain tumor detection and segmentation system.
Stability analysis of the MRAS-type estimator taking into account parameter changes of the model of the induction motor

The paper presents the results of stability and reconstruction quality analysis performed for MRAS-type estimator in steady-state of rotor speed and stator and rotor magnetic fluxes of induction motor, obtained with taking into consideration simultaneous changes of all parameters of induction motor model. Investigations were performed for a large number of sets of motor's model parameters with random deviations. Investigation results were worked out statistically. Streszczenie. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono wyniki badania stabilności i jakości odtwarzania w estymatorze MRAS w stanie ustalonym predkości wirnika i strumieni magnetycznych stojana i wirnika silnika indukcyjnego, uzyskane przy uwzglednieniu jednoczesnych zmian wszystkich parametrow modelu silnika indukcyjnego. Badania wykonano dla duzej liczby zbiorow parametrow modelu silnika z losowymi odchylkami. Wyniki badania zostaly opracowane statystycznie. (Analiza stabilności estymatora MRAS z uwzglednieniem zmienności parametrow modelu silnika indukcyjnego).
Certi tesori esistono soltanto per chi batte per primo una strada nuova?: l’esperienza di novellini giovanni srl

The case study proposes the history of Novellini Giovanni srl, food SME of the Italian East North, founded in 1978 by the homonym entrepreneur. The work shows that this enterprise has created a new category of product, a ready broth to use for the customers that desire to eat healthy and genuine, but don’t have time to devote to the kitchen stoves (Brodoe). Moreover, it examines the emergent threats and opportunity from the presence of multinationals (Gallina Blanca-Star Group), that they offer the same product (I Brodi). The analysis is conducted through a qualitative approach with an exploratory comparison of marketing and communication initiatives, adopted by the two enterprises to spread the value of the respective products on the market, allowing to delineate in strategic key the points of strength and the possible improvements of SME’s action
Modulated Impulsive Forces for Haptic Rendering of Rigid Contact

This paper proposes a method for the passive rendering of trains of impulsive forces to users when users contact hard virtual surfaces with a rigid virtual tool. The goal is to improve the sense of presence in virtual environments through enabling users to perceive various transient dynamics at contact onset. The proposed method computes the impulsive forces in the feedback loop based on Newton’s restitution hypothesis, and superimposes them on traditional penalty-based feedback. The method accounts for the energy transferred between the user and the virtual environment by the penalty forces via re-computing the impulsive forces throughout the duration of the transient dynamics. A preliminary user study shows that the modulated impulses are perceptually distinguishable from haptic rendering of collisions via a single impulse. © 2007 ASME
Modelling of the Anisothermal Phase Transformation of Austenite by Electromagnetic Sensor

The characterization of steel microstructures is an important tool for metallurgists as mechanical properties are controlled by microstructural parameters such as grain size, phase balance and precipitates. This paper describes a model of the phase transformation of tool steel CSN 41 9436. Each of the experimental data was observed by electromagnetic sensor. The mathematic model was developed for an optimizing of tool steel heat treatment. The model was developed from one experiment and next experiments were for an evaluation of the model. A model can be satisfactory used for graphical form of the austenite phase transformation.
Wettbewerb aller Krankenversicherungen kann Qualität verbessern und Kosten des Gesundheitswesens senken

A draft of a reform towards "socially bounded competition" within the health care system indicates, first of all, that several areas of such an insurance system would have to be regulated by the state. Such a reform is much more complicated than text book models or the proposals of various expert groups imply. Secondly, the necessary regulation is multifaceted and heavenly influenced by value judgements. It therefore cannot be solved by a theoretical discussion alone. If one wishes to implement increased competition in the health insurance system of Germany (or somewhere else), detailed analyses are needed and political decisions have to be made. Das prasentierte und diskutierte Modell eines sozialgebundenen Krankenversicherungswettbewerbs zeigt zum Ersten, dass ein derartiges System an vielen Stellen vom Staat reguliert werden muss. Es ist deutlich komplizierter als die bislang in der Diskussion befindlichen Lehrbuchmodelle und die Reformvorschlage, die lediglich einem Agenda Setting dienen und notwendigerweise nur Prinzipien postulieren. Zum Zweiten zeigt sich, dass die Regulierungsnotwendigkeiten derart vielfaltig und letztlich von Werturteilen abhangig sind, so dass eine Reform nicht allein aus einer medizinischen oder wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Rationalitat heraus gestaltet werden kann. Insofern ist auch unser Vorschlag noch in hohem Mase diskussions- und damit erganzungsbedurftig.
Two-step heat treatment of carbon nanotube based paste as counter electrode of dye-sensitised solar cells

Optimum heat treatment processes for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) paste counter electrodes with better electrochemical performance are investigated. Half-cells were fabricated to examine the electrochemical properties of the CNT paste counter electrode. Proposed is a two-step heat treatment process and an optimum sintering temperature for CNT paste counter electrodes.
Relations Between Language and Thought

In this chapter we consider the question of whether the language one speaks affects one’s thinking. We discuss arguments showing that language cannot be taken to be the vehicle of thought. We then review evidence from several domains in which language has been proposed to reorganize conceptual representations, including color, objects and substances, space, motion, number, and spatial orientation. We conclude that linguistic representations have significant online processing effects in these and other cognitive and perceptual domains but do not alter conceptual representation.
Crecimiento de firmas entrantes tardías en la industria de software: un modelo desde la difusión multigeneracional de productos con efectos de red

En este articulo se presenta un modelo de crecimiento de dos firmas -Pionera y Entrante Tardia- (en adelante ET) en mercados de software estandarizado. El modelo propuesto esta definido en funcion del comportamiento dinamico de las ventas de multiples generaciones de producto, sujetas a efectos de red. En la validacion se comparan las simulaciones del modelo con los historicos de dos Pioneras: ANSYS INC. y SYMANTEC Corp. y dos ET: CIMATRON Group y Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. Se concluye que las estrategias para que una Entrante Tardia sobreviva en el mercado son: i) invertir en ID ii) aumentar la base instalada mediante el fortalecimiento de los efectos de red; y iii) controlar los retardos en la entrada de sus productos frente a los del Pionera.
An overview of new psychoactive substances and the outlets supplying them.

Availability of new psychoactive substances • The number of head shops in Ireland has been decreasing significantly on foot of actions taken by the Government to restrict and control new psychoactive substances. • The number of online retailers is vast. Many of these retailers appear to deliver to Ireland. • At the time of the review, fewer people appeared to be purchasing new psychoactive substances via the internet relative to their UK counterparts.
When is an outlier not an outlier?

The tendency of the users of NIRS is to think of the composition particularly in terms of the reference data, for the prediction of which the technique is to be used. The concept and principle of NIRS analysis differ from classical chemical analysis in that NIRS is based exclusively on the spectra. Spectra are of course, derived from the chemical and physical make-up of the material, but the spectra can differ among materials that are reported as having the same chemical composition. This is particularly a factor with growing crops, and is exemplified in the article, which endorses the recommendation to take replicate samples of the same reported composition for calibration development.
Evaluation of biofilm-forming abilities of Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19115)
and efficacy of different washing methods for removal of biofilm on apple

Fresh produce can be contaminated at any stage along the food supply chain. In this study, apple was chosen to determine the time course of biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19115), as well as to compare the efficacy of different household washing methods such as scrubbing with hands under running tap water, soaking with and without commercial vegetable wash with different treatment times in removing the biofilm formation by L. monocytogenes on apple surface. The biofilm formation was quantified using crystal violet assay and the result showed that L. monocytogenes took 18 hrs to form matured biofilm on apple surface. Besides, scrubbing apples with hands under running tap water for 30 s and 60 s were the most effective method which significantly removed (P<0.05) biofilm formed on the apple surface with approximately 5.93 log reduction. Soaking apples with vegetable wash for 5 mins and 10 mins were also found to be significantly effective (P<0.05) in reducing L. monocytogenes biofilm. Since L. monocytogenes can form matured biofilm on fresh produce, therefore efficient washing step is important before consuming fresh produce to lower the risk of foodborne illness.
Thermal cycling of shape memory alloy wires using semiconductor heat pump modules

This paper introduces a novel concept of using semiconductor heat pumpmodules to heat and cool Nitinol shape memory alloy (SMA) wires in an effort to reducethe response time for complete thermal cycling. An analytical heat transfer model isdeveloped to provide a quantitative comparison between the effectiveness of semiconductormodules and other conventional modes of heating and cooling SMA wires. Results of theheat transfer modeling indicate that semiconductor heat pump modules can reduceheating/cooling cycle time by an order of magnitude compared to free or forced convectionalone.
The Analysis of Impact Coefficient on Reinforced-Concrete Bridge

In order to discuss the displacement impact coefficient of the simply supported beam bridge, reinforced-concrete simply supported beam models with different span and different section stiffness are set up using the finite element method in the paper. The maximum dynamic displacement of beam models under the running vehicle is calculated. Combined with the maximum static displacement, the corresponding impact coefficients of models are calculated. At the same time, the modal analysis of beams is conducted to calculate the impact coefficient based on the base frequency. From comparing with the displacement impact coefficient, the bridge spans and section stiffness influence on impact coefficient is analyzed. Results show that the influence of section stiffness on impact coefficient can be ignored, but the influence of the change of span cannot be ignored. It will provide a reference for designing and detection technology of reinforced-concrete simply supported beam.
Reliability of High-Speed Devices: Probing of Self-Heating with Nanosecond Time-Resolution

We report on the development of time-resolved thermography to measure device temperature with submicron spatial resolution and with time resolutions as short as 40 ns. This new technique is demonstrated on AlGaN/GaN electronic devices (transistors and ungated devices). Temperature determination of the devices is based on micro-Raman spectroscopy employing subbandgap nanosecond laser pulses. Heating and cooling cycles of AlGaN/GaN devices due to self-heating were measured in the device plane as well as threedimensionally for different device layouts. We find device layout to affect thermal device time constants.
A wideband BiCMOS thermal noise canceling low noise amplifier with temperature compensation

A BiCMOS wideband thermal noise canceling low noise amplifier is presented. This BiCMOS design can achieve significant power consumption reduction comparing to the pure CMOS implementation with the same topology. A novel temperature compensation biasing circuit is also proposed for this BiCMOS noise canceling LNA topology to achieve relatively temperature independent gain. Realized in Tower Jazz 0.18 μm SiGe technology, the measured S21 of the proposed LNA is 17.8 dB with a −3dB bandwidth of 3.3 GHz at room temperature. The measured gain variation from −40 to + 80°C is within ± 0.4 dB. The measured minimum noise figure at room temperature is 1.9 dB when matched to 50 Ω. The chip consumes about 0.2 × 0.3 mm2 area excluding pads and dissipates about 8 mA DC current from a single 1.8 V supply. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2121–2125, 2015
A Method of Bridge Outline Extraction Based on Airborne LiDAR Data

Automatic and quickly extraction of bridge information from LiDAR data is of great significance in building 3D digital city and virtual earth. Especially the extraction of bridge outline is a crucial problem. It is a concern of many scholars research focus. This paper presented a method of bridge extraction using airborne LiDAR data. The biggest advantage of the method is based on priori-knowledge and by analyzing the spatial structural characteristics and geometric characteristics of the bridge. Experiments show that this method has a good accuracy compared with the result of expert interpretation.