Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Evaluation of Mean-Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis Portfolio Strategy for Multiple risk Assets

The fractal characteristics of the security market were considered in portfolio strategy optimization. First, the detrended cross-correlation analysis was adopted to measure the fractal correlation of different securities. Second, the fractal correlation was embedded into the mean-variance criterion of the modern portfolio theory. Third, the mean-detrended cross-correlation analysis portfolio strategy of multiple risk assets was constructed, and the analytic solution of the strategy was given. Finally, the evaluation results revealed that the constructed the mean-detrended cross-correlation analysis portfolio strategy clearly improved investment performance, thus achieving the goal of optimizing the multiple risk asset portfolio strategy.
Determinants of functional mobility in children with cerebral palsy in three different environments: A registry-based study

ABSTRACT Background Functional mobility in children with cerebral palsy (CP) varies widely and is affected by many factors related to the child and environment. Understanding this variability in child’s natural environments: home, school, and community; and its determinants are important for effective child management. Methods This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the functional mobility of children with CP within home, school, and community, and explore its determinants. Participants were 107 children with CP (aged 6.4 ± 2.9 years). Functional Mobility Scale was the outcome variable. Potential determinants included child-associated impairments and interventions. Three ordinal logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results Children in Gross Motor Functional Classification System-Expanded and Revised level I walked without assistive devices in all environments, while children in levels II/III used different mobility methods in different environments. Children in levels IV/V used a wheelchair or had no form of functional mobility in all environments. Determinants of mobility varied across different environments but included impairments (visual impairments, scoliosis) and interventions (Botox, medications for spasticity, orthoses). Conclusions Child impairments and interventions received should be considered when exploring mobility options for children with CP in different environments. Further research is needed to examine other environmental and personal factors affecting mobility.
Using tissue specific P450 expression in Drosophila melanogaster larvae to understand the spatial distribution of pesticide metabolism in feeding assays

Drug metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P450s have often been implicated in influencing levels of pesticide toxicology and resistance. Consequently, a variety of different P450 genes and variants have been linked to pesticide metabolism. Substantially less is known in regards to which tissues these P450s contribute to pesticide metabolism. Here, we isolate the effect of different tissues in pesticide toxicology by driving the model P450 Cyp6g1 in specific tissues of Drosophila melanogaster. Fluorescent and luminescent assays were used to compare the strength of GAL4 lines specific to the midgut (Mex‐GAL4), Malpighian tubules (UO‐GAL4) and the fat body (LSP2‐GAL4) with the widely used HR‐GAL4 line which drives GAL4 expression in all three tissues simultaneously. These data suggested that GAL4 drivers specific for the midgut and fat body were of approximately equal strength to the HR‐GAL4 line, while the Malpighian tubule specific line was significantly weaker. Multiple toxicology assays using the pesticides bendiocarb, imidacloprid and malathion were then performed to assess which tissues provide the most chemoprotection. In the long‐term feeding assay, transgenic expression of Cyp6g1 specifically in the midgut accounted for the majority of the resistance caused by Cyp6g1 overexpression with the HR‐GAL4 driver. Real‐time toxicology assays on third instar larvae were also performed and showed variable contributions of tissues to acute toxicology response depending on which pesticide was used. These data suggest a strong influence of bioassay parameters such as life stage and dosing method on outcome but suggest a prominent role for the midgut in larval toxicology.
Delivering Refractive Care to Populations With Near and Distance Vision Impairment: 2 Novel Social Enterprise Models

Abstract Vision impairment due to refractive error affects crucial time periods across the life course—the educational years for children and working years for adults. Refractive error is easily and safely corrected with glasses, but many potential beneficiaries remain uncorrected due to various barriers, which can be addressed with innovative service delivery models. This review describes evidence-based initiatives from 2 social enterprises, Peek Vision and VisionSpring, addressing barriers to refractive error correction in children and working adults, particularly in low-resource settings. The reach, implementation challenges, adoption, and future development of these 2 novel models are described, and research evidence of program effectiveness is presented.
BMAL1 drives muscle repair through control of hypoxic NAD+ regeneration in satellite cells

Here, Zhu et al. identify a role for the adult muscle stem cell (MuSC)-autonomous clock in the control of muscle regeneration following acute ischemic injury. They observed greater muscle repair capacity following injury during the active/wake period as compared with the inactive/rest period in mice and that loss of Bmal1 within MuSCs leads to impaired muscle regeneration, and show that the MuSC clock is a pivotal regulator of oxygen-dependent myoblast cell fate and muscle repair through the control of the NAD+-driven response to injury.
High score of dizziness-handicap-inventory (DHI) in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain makes a chronic vestibular disorder probable

Abstract Objectives In patients with a vestibular disorder a high score of dizziness-handicap-inventory (DHI) is common. Patients with chronic lithiasis of multiple canals benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (mc-BPPV) can have incapacitating symptoms, e.g. headache, neck pain, musculoskeletal pain, and cognitive dysfunction. Patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain with few objective findings at an ordinary examination of the musculoskeletal system together with unsuccessful interventions can either receive a diagnosis of a biopsychosocial disorder or a diagnosis connected to the dominant symptom. The aim of this investigation is to examine if the DHI- and the DHI subscale scores are abnormal in 49 patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain disorders. In addition, explore the possibility of a chronic mc-BPPV diagnosis. Methods Consecutive prospective observational cohort study at five different physiotherapy clinics. A personal interview using a structured symptom questionnaire consisting of 15 items. Modified Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) including the Physical-, Catastrophic- and Emotional impact DHI subscale scores suggested by the Mayo Clinic was applied. Results Eighty-four percent of the 49 patients have a pathological DHI-score and a potential underlying undiagnosed vestibular disorder. Very few patients have scores at the catastrophic subscale. A correlation is found between the number of symptoms of the structured scheme and the DHI-score. Results from all five physiotherapy clinics were similar. Conclusions Patients with a high number of symptoms and a high DHI-score can have a potential underlying treatable balance disorder like mc-BPPV. Increased awareness and treatment of mc-BPPV may reduce suffering and continuous medication in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Regional Ethical Committee (No IRB 00001870).
The dramatic increase in anti-vaccine discourses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a social network analysis of Twitter

ABSTRACT Background/Aim The first case of COVID-19 in Turkey was officially recorded on March 11, 2020. Social media use increased worldwide, as well as in Turkey, during the pandemic, and conspiracy theories/fake news about medical complications of vaccines spread throughout the world. The aim of this study was to identify community interactions related to vaccines and to identify key influences/influencers before and after the pandemic using social network data from Twitter. Materials and methods Two datasets, including tweets about vaccinations before and after COVID-19 in Turkey, were collected. Social networks were created based on interactions (mentions) between Twitter users. Users and their influence were scored based on social network analysis and parameters that included in-degree and betweenness centrality. Results In the pre-COVID-19 network, media figures and authors who had anti-vaccine views were the most influential users. In the post-COVID-19 network, the Turkish minister of health, the was the most influential figure. The vaccine network was observed to be growing rapidly after COVID-19, and the physicians and authors who had opinions about mandatory vaccinations received a great deal of reaction. One-way communication between influencers and other users in the network was determined. Conclusions This study shows the effectiveness and usefulness of large social media data for understanding public opinion on public health and vaccination in Turkey. The current study was completed before the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccine in Turkey. We anticipated that social network analysis would help reduce the “infodemic” before administering the vaccine and would also help public health workers act more proactively in this regard.
Nano-Precision Tweezers for Mechanosensitive Proteins and Beyond

Mechanical forces play pivotal roles in regulating cell shape, function, and fate. Key players that govern the mechanobiological interplay are the mechanosensitive proteins found on cell membranes and in cytoskeleton. Their unique nanomechanics can be interrogated using single-molecule tweezers, which can apply controlled forces to the proteins and simultaneously measure the ensuing structural changes. Breakthroughs in high-resolution tweezers have enabled the routine monitoring of nanometer-scale, millisecond dynamics as a function of force. Undoubtedly, the advancement of structural biology will be further fueled by integrating static atomic-resolution structures and their dynamic changes and interactions observed with the force application techniques. In this minireview, we will introduce the general principles of single-molecule tweezers and their recent applications to the studies of force-bearing proteins, including the synaptic proteins that need to be categorized as mechanosensitive in a broad sense. We anticipate that the impact of nano-precision approaches in mechanobiology research will continue to grow in the future.
Computational studies on the cholinesterase, beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activities of endophytes-derived compounds: towards discovery of novel neurotherapeutics

Abstract Cholinesterases, beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) are significant in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Inhibition of these enzymes is therefore a major strategy for the development of neurotherapeutics. Even though, this strategy has birthed some approved synthetic drugs, they are characterized by adverse effects. It is therefore, imperative to explore promising alternatives. Consequently, we assessed the inhibitory activities of some endophytes-derived compounds against selected targets towards discovery of novel neurotherapeutics. Standard inhibitors and 83 endophytes-derived compounds were docked against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), BACE 1 and MAO using AutodockVina while the molecular interactions between the selected targets and the compounds with notable binding affinity were viewed through Discovery Studio Visualizer. Druglikeness and Absorption–Distribution–Metabolism–Excretion-Toxicity (ADMET) and blood brain barrier (BBB) properties of the top 4 compounds were evaluated using the Swiss online ADME web tool and OSIRIS server; ligands-enzymes complex stability was assessed through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. From the 83 compounds, asperflavin, ascomfurans C, camptothecine and corynesidone A exhibited remarkable inhibitory activity against all the four target enzymes compared to the respective standard inhibitors. However, only corynesidone A could transverse the BBB and predicted to be safe. MD simulation of the unbound and complexed enzymes with corynesidone A showed that the complexes were stable throughout the simulation time. Given the exceptional inhibitory activity of endophytes-derived corynesidone A against the four selected targets, its ability to permeate the BBB, excellent drugability properties as well as its stability when complexed with the enzymes, it is a good candidate for further studies towards development of new neurotherapeutics. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
A combined cell and growth factor delivery for the repair of a critical size tibia defect using biodegradable hydrogel implants

The ability to repair critical‐sized long‐bone injuries using growth factor and cell delivery was investigated using hydrogel biomaterials. Physiological doses of the recombinant human bone morphogenic protein‐2 (rhBMP2) were delivered in a sustained manner from a biodegradable hydrogel containing peripheral human blood‐derived endothelial progenitor cells (hEPCs). The biodegradable implants made from polyethylene glycol (PEG) and denatured fibrinogen (PEG‐fibrinogen, PF) were loaded with 7.7 μg/ml of rhBMP2 and 2.5 × 106 cells/ml hEPCs. The safety and efficacy of the implant were tested in a rodent model of a critical‐size long‐bone defect. The hydrogel implants were formed ex‐situ and placed into defects in the tibia of athymic nude rats and analyzed for bone repair after 13 weeks following surgery. The hydrogels containing a combination of 7.7 μg/ml of rhBMP2 and 2.5 × 106 cells/ml hEPCs were compared to control hydrogels containing 7.7 μg/ml of rhBMP2 only, 2.5 × 106 cells/ml hEPCs only, or bare hydrogels. Assessments of bone repair include histological analysis, bone formation at the site of implantation using quantitative microCT, and assessment of implant degradation. New bone formation was detected in all treated animals, with the highest amounts found in the treatments that included animals that combined the PF implant with rhBMP2. Moreover, statistically significant increases in the tissue mineral density (TMD), trabecular number and trabecular thickness were observed in defects treated with rhBMP2 compared to non‐rhBMP2 defects. New bone formation was significantly higher in the hEPC‐treated defects compared to bare hydrogel defects, but there were no significant differences in new bone formation, trabecular number, trabecular thickness or TMD at 13 weeks when comparing the rhBMP2 + hEPCs‐treated defects to rhBMP2‐treated defects. The study concludes that the bone regeneration using hydrogel implants containing hEPCs are overshadowed by enhanced osteogenesis associated with sustained delivery of rhBMP2.
Fading of brain network fingerprint in Parkinson's disease predicts motor clinical impairment

The clinical connectome fingerprint (CCF) was recently introduced as a way to assess brain dynamics. It is an approach able to recognize individuals, based on the brain network. It showed its applicability providing network features used to predict the cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. In this article, we explore the performance of CCF in 47 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and 47 healthy controls, under the hypothesis that patients would show reduced identifiability as compared to controls, and that such reduction could be used to predict motor impairment. We used source‐reconstructed magnetoencephalography signals to build two functional connectomes for 47 patients with PD and 47 healthy controls. Then, exploiting the two connectomes per individual, we investigated the identifiability characteristics of each subject in each group. We observed reduced identifiability in patients compared to healthy individuals in the beta band. Furthermore, we found that the reduction in identifiability was proportional to the motor impairment, assessed through the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, and, interestingly, able to predict it (at the subject level), through a cross‐validated regression model. Along with previous evidence, this article shows that CCF captures disrupted dynamics in neurodegenerative diseases and is particularly effective in predicting motor clinical impairment in PD.
Repurposing azacitidine and carboplatin to prime for anti-PDL1 re-challenge of immunotherapy-resistant melanoma

Drug repurposing offers the opportunity for approved chemotherapy agents to be used to re-establish sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Here we investigated the clinical and translational aspects of an early phase II study of azacitidine and carboplatin priming for anti-PDL1 immunotherapy (Avelumab) in patients with advanced ICB resistant melanoma. 20 participants with ICB resistant metastatic melanoma received 2 x 4 week cycles of azacitidine and carboplatin followed by ICB re-challenge with anti-PDL1 avelumab. The overall response rate (ORR) determined after 2 x 4 week cycles of azacitidine and carboplatin priming was 10% (2/20) with 2 partial responses (PR). The ORR determined after priming followed by 6 cycles of avelumab (week 22) was 10%, with 2/20 participants achieving iPR. The clinical benefit rate (CBR) for azacitidine and carboplatin priming was 65% (13/20) and after priming followed by 6 cycles of avelumab CBR was 35% (n = 7/20). The median PFS was 18.0 weeks (95% CI: 14.87 - 21.13 weeks) and the median OS was 47.86 weeks (95% CI: 9.67 - 86.06 weeks). Translational correlation analysis of tumour biopsies at baseline, after priming and after 6 cycles of avelmuab confirmed HLA-A generally increased after priming with azacitidine and carboplatin, particularly if it was absent at the start of treatment. Average methylation of CpGs across the HLA-A locus showed a consistent decrease in methylation after priming and T-cells, in particular CD8+, showed the greatest increase in infiltration. Priming with azacitidine and carboplatin can induce disease stabilization and re-sensitisation to ICB for metastatic melanoma.
Risk factors for severe COVID-19 differ by age: a retrospective study of hospitalized adults

Background: Risk stratification for hospitalized adults with COVID-19 is essential to inform decisions for individual patients and allocation of potentially scarce resources. So far, risk models for severe COVID outcomes have included age but have not been optimized to best serve the needs of either older or younger adults. Additionally, existing risk models have been limited to either small sample sizes, or modeling mortality over an entire hospital admission. Further, previous models were developed on data from early in the pandemic, before improvements in COVID-19 treatment, the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant, and vaccination. There remains a need for early, accurate identification of patients who may need invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or die, considering multiple time horizons. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from 6,906 hospitalized adults with COVID-19 from a community health system with 51 hospitals and 1085 clinics across five states in the western United States. Risk models were developed to predict mechanical ventilation illness or death across one to 56 days of hospitalization, using clinical data collected available within the first hour after either admission with COVID-19 or a first positive SARS-CoV-2 test. The relative importance of predictive risk factors features for all models was determined using Shapley additive explanations. Findings: The percentage of patients who required mechanical ventilation or died within seven days of admission to the hospital due to COVID-19 was 10.82%. For the seven-day interval, models for age [≥] 18 and < 50 years reached AUROC 0.80 (95% CI: 0.70-0.89) and models for age [≥] 50 years reached AUROC 0.83 (95% CI: 0.79-0.88). Models revealed differences in the statistical significance and relative predictive value of risk factors between older and younger patients, including age, BMI, vital signs, and laboratory results. In addition, sex and chronic comorbidities had lower predictive value than vital signs and laboratory results. Interpretation: For hospitalized adults, baseline data that is readily available within one hour after hospital admission or a first positive inpatient SARS-CoV-2 test can predict critical illness within one day, and up to 56 days later. Further, the relative importance of risk factors differs between older and younger patients.
Physical Aspects of Laser Steel Processing in the Magnetic Field

The article contains the results of experiments carried out on laser irradiation of steels in a constant magnetic field. The experiment shows it possible to increase the cooling speed while heat transfer decreases from the surface into lower metal layers, which slightly reduces laser-hardened layer depth, increases convective mixing of the fusion area, which have a positive impact on the surface layers quality of steel and alloys. This has a positive effect on strength product properties. Magnetic field processing of metal reduces the degree of local plastic deformation of irradiated layer due to magnetostriction phenomenon. Magnetic field superimposition contributes to two-phase decay of the martensite, and reduces residual stresses and crack risk.
Pan-Hindutva and the Discursive Practices of Digital (Counter)Publics around #SupportCAA 1

Abstract In December 2019, the Indian parliament implemented the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) that gives non-Muslim immigrants from the neighboring countries an easy access to Indian citizenship. Across India, the CAA has garnered support and provoked protests in equal measure. This paper examines how #SupportCAA constantly negotiates between two parallel objectives: first, to achieve a pan-national unification of non-Muslim “Indians” (practically, Hindus); and second, to reconfigure India as a site for the pan-Hindutva communion against the Muslim Other. It seeks to understand: How does #SupportCAA as a platform furnish pan-Hindutva discourses, while rendering agency to an “imagined community” of pan-national CAA supporters? How do the CAA ideologues function as “networked publics,” and then go on to territorialize certain online spaces/fora? What does the CAA bequeath to the “imagined community” in question? What vocabulary of political partisanship does such territorialization furnish? How does it draw on the discourses of religious nationalism and remain nearly impervious to any dissent?
Ultra-precision grinding and accuracy measurement of the hard-brittle thin-walled tubular optics

Hard-brittle thin-walled tubular optics are widely used in the field of high-power solid-state lasers. The 3D accuracy requirement and the clamping deformation of the hard and brittle thin-walled structure pose a great challenge for ultra-precision manufacturing. In this paper, fused silica thin-walled tubular optics with the length of 100mm, the inner diameter of 42mm and the outer diameter of 50mm were fabricated successfully through ultra-precision grinding. The profile accuracy of PV1. 6μm, the surface roughness of Ra10nm, the straightness of 1. 64μm, the roundness of 1. 62μm and the cylindricity of 2. 13μm were achieved through in-place dressing of grinding wheel, on-machine measurement, off-line measurement, and the iterative compensation machining. The technical difficulties of ultra-precision manufacturing of hard brittle thin-walled optics have been overcome.