Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a promising method of treatment in depression and various neuropsychiatric conditions. A literature review

Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a method of non-invasive and painless brain stimulation with an electromagnetic field, which induces changes in the electric field in the brain leading to the cortical activity modulation and stimulation of neurons. Currently, transcranial magnetic stimulation is increasingly used in the diagnosis and treatment of various neuropsychiatric conditions, such as depression, schizophrenia, neurodegenerative diseases, and more. TMS can be used as a method of enhancing the effect of pharmacotherapy as well as a regular treatment. Aim of the study: The study's aim is to summarize the current state of knowledge on transcranial magnetic stimulation as a method of treatment in depression and various neuropsychiatric conditions. Material and methods: The study is based on the literature available in scientific databases such as PubMed, using the following keywords: „transcranial magnetic stimulation”, „tms”, “depression” and “treatment-resistant depression”. Results and conclusions: Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive, painless and generally safe method of diagnosis and treatment of many neuropsychiatric diseases, such as depression, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, tinnitus, addiction to psychoactive substances and many more. TMS is a well-documented, approved, and recommended treatment primarily for treatment-resistant depression due to its effectiveness, mild side effect profile and good tolerability. Recently there are more and more reports on the effectiveness of TMS in the diagnosis and treatment of other neuropsychiatric conditions, but further research and setting guidelines are needed, so is increasing the availability of the method for patients.
Migration And Mobility In Britain Since The Eighteenth Century

This book provides a new perspective on migration in [Great Britain] in the past examining in detail the life-time residential moves of over sixteen thousand people spanning the eighteenth nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The migration experience [is] related both to other life-cycle events affecting families and individuals and also to broader social economic and cultural changes in the structure of society. [The book] discusses in detail the reasons why people moved and the ways in which migration was related to factors such as employment change housing aspirations family circumstances personal crises and external events such as war. (EXCERPT)
The Local Government Reformulation On Village Fund Supervision

The purpose of this research is to figure out the reformulation of village fund supervision by the local governments of Gorontalo District. The method employs empirical legal research that sets field facts as the research data. The data sources are primary data, namely field data, and secondary data consisting of documents, scientific papers, and other relevant secondary materials. Techniques of data collection are interviews and direct observation in the field. Findings reveal that the Gorontalo District Inspectorate, as the local government, carries out its duties and functions in supervising village funds through the method of auditing, reviewing, evaluating, monitoring, and other supervisory activities. However, the reformulation of village fund supervision has not been fully implemented due to several reasons, including the procedures of village fund supervision that have not been fully compliant with the internal audit standards of the Indonesian Government (SAIPI); time limit of the supervision; the limited number of governinent internal supervisory apparatus (APIP) in comparison with the number of villages to be supervised.
Ecologie de Glossina tachinoides Westwood, 1850, en savane humide d'Afrique de l'Ouest : 5. Les pupes dans le sol

Quelle que soit la nature du sol il existe des differences saisonnieres significatives de la profondeur a laquelle se trouvent les pupes. La profondeur moyenne s’echelonne entre 1,49 cm en saison chaude et 0,87 cm en saison froide dans le sable et entre 2,80 cm et 1,32 cm dans la terre. La penetration de la larve varie donc selon la texture du sol, elle est toujours plus grande dans la terre que dans le sable. Les variations saisonnieres sont szzrtout en relation avec les temperatures maximnm. L’humidite relative du miliezz. d’un niveazr toujours tres eleve n’a que peu d’influente.
An endolysin gene from Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus confers dual resistance to huanglongbing and citrus canker

Abstract The most damaging citrus diseases are Huanglongbing (HLB) and citrus canker, which are caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CaLas) and Xanthomonas citri pv. citri (Xcc), respectively. Endolysins from bacteriophages are a possible option for disease resistance in plant breeding. Here, we report improvement of citrus resistance to HLB and citrus canker using the LasLYS1 and LasLYS2 endolysins from CaLas. LasLYS2 demonstrated bactericidal efficacy against several Rhizobiaceae bacteria and Xcc, according to inhibition zone analyses. The two genes, driven by a strong promoter from Cauliflower mosaic virus, 35S, were integrated into Carrizo citrange via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. More than 2 years of greenhouse testing indicated that LasLYS2 provided substantial and long-lasting resistance to HLB, allowing transgenic plants to retain low CaLas titers and no obvious symptoms while also clearing CaLas from infected plants in the long term. LasLYS2 transgenic plants with improved HLB resistance also showed resistance to Xcc, indicating that LasLYS2 had dual resistance to HLB and citrus canker. A microbiome study of transgenic plants revealed that the endolysins repressed Xanthomonadaceae and Rhizobiaceae populations in roots while increasing Burkholderiaceae and Rhodanobacteraceae populations, which might boost the citrus defense response, according to transcriptome analysis. We also found that Lyz domain 2 is the key bactericidal motif of LasLYS1 and LasLYS2. Four endolysins with potential resistance to HLB and citrus canker were found based on the structures of LasLYS1 and LasLYS2. Overall, the work shed light on the mechanisms of resistance of CaLas-derived endolysins, providing insights for designing endolysins to develop broad-spectrum disease resistance in citrus.
No-till farming for sustainable rural development

The no-till (NT) farming approach developed in Brazil and nearby countries is providing a foundation for application in Sub-Saharan Africa and other semi-tropical environments, showing that when land and soil resources are properly managed, good things begin to occur in rural communities and landscapes. No-till farming is certainly not a panacea. However, with globalization and increased competition, cutting production costs will be essential, especially if/where/when subsidies will be removed. In addition, the NT farming approach may well provide a practical and appropriate way to implement the new World Bank Rural Strategy in many tropical countries. This farmer approved approach is moving to holistic pro-poor rural development and enhancement of returns to labor and land, successfully focusing on the poor as demonstrated by current experience in Paraguay and the southern Brazilian states. It recognizes the importance of fostering broad-based growth, and the participation of the private sector as an engine for change. Although it focuses on micro-watersheds and rural landscapes, NT farming addresses the entire rural space and overcomes the shortcomings of earlier top-down, non-inclusive approaches. And finally, by recognizing the leadership role played by farmer-led organizations, NT farming facilitates the increasingly broad-based stakeholder participation in design and implementation, moving away from working mainly with central governments in project and program design.
European Medicines Agency Evaluation of Medicines for Human Use

This Guideline replaces the Note for Guidance on " Allergen products " (CPMP/BWP/243/96). This Guideline lays down the quality recommendations for allergen products of biological origin, including allergen extracts derived from natural source material and allergens produced through recombinant DNA technology, used for specific immunotherapy (SIT) or in vivo diagnosis of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic diseases.
Provenance, tectonic setting and souce-area wathering of Mesoproterozoic Kaimur Group, Vindnyan Supergroup, Central India

The siliciclastic of the Upper Kaimur Group of the Vindhyan Supergroup in Central India have been geochemically studied in order to understand their provenance, paleoweathering conditions and tectonic conditions. A-CN-K (Al2O3-CaO-K2O) ternary diagram and chemical index of alteration (CIA) values suggest that the granitic source rocks underwent moderate to high degree of chemical weathering under moderate weathering conditions for an extended period of time, or under humid weathering for shorter periods of time. Similar CIA values in all textural types indicate that recycling processes homogenized the shale and sandstone compositions. Various geochemical discriminants and elemental ratios such as K2O/Na2O, Al2O3/TiO2, SiO2/MgO, La/Sc, Th/Sc, Zr/Sc, Th/Cr, [Gd/ Yb]N and pronounced negative Eu anomalies indicate the rocks to be the product of post-Archean, Proterozoic granitic source, with minor granodioritic input and substantial sediment recycling. The geochemical signatures corroborate their deposition in a subsiding foreland basin over Bundelkhand craton with provenance from south, south westerly Chotanagpur granite gneiss.
Use of Polarization of Light Filters in Aerial Photographic Sea Surveys.

Abstract : Aerial photographic surveys of the surface of the sea are being performed to investigate sea waves and to map currents. For these reasons, the struggle against errors occuring in aerial photographic surveys of seas and oceans assumes considerable importance. Among such serious errors is the image of the 'sun spots', that is, the mirror reflection, on the aerial photographic film, of the sun light striking the surface of the water, and the sharp increase in light dissipation within the objective of the aerial camera, resulting from the intense brightness of the sun spot; this results in an excess of light on the portion of the aerial photograph that is opposite the spot image. The theory and methodology for reduction of these errors with the aid of polarized light filters (polaroids) are presented.
Liberalization, Political Risk and Stock Market Returns in Emerging Markets

In this paper, we analyze hyper-return periods from 1976 to 1994 for 20 emerging stock markets. We define a hyper-return period as a calendar year during which a cumulative geometric return in excess of 70% is observed. According to this definition, the hyper-return periods represent 23% of the 279 country-year observations examined. First, a logistic model incorporating contemporary macroeconomic variables, market liberalization steps and political risk changes is used to explain hyper-return periods. Hyper-return periods are shown to be associated with political risk changes and with liberalization steps, whereas their relationship with changes in macroeconomic conditions is shown to be weak. Second, when a predictive model where aggregate price-to-earnings and book-to-market ratios and macroeconomic variables are used in addition to changes in political risk and liberalization steps, the latter variables play a predominant role. Cet article propose une analyse des periodes d'hyper-rendement des marches boursiers emergents, de 1976 a 1994 et porte sur 20 pays. Une annee dite d'hyper-rendement survient lorsque, au cours de cette annee, il est possible d'observer une periode durant laquelle le rendement cumule de l'indice boursier depasse 70 %. 23 % des 279 annees/pays etudiees correspondent a cette definition. Un modele logistique incorpore des indicateurs macroeconomiques contemporains, des indicateurs du processus de liberalisation des marches boursiers et les variations du niveau de risque politique. Les periodes d'hyper-rendement sont associees de facon significative aux variations de risque politique et aux episodes de liberalisation,0501s les relations avec les changements de conditions economiques sont faibles. Un modele predictif est egalement teste, qui incorpore des mesures agregees des ratios cours/benefice et valeur comptable/valeur marchande, en plus des variations futures des conditions economiques. Dans ce cas egalement, les variations contemporaines de risque politique et les episodes de liberalisation jouent un role predominant.
The Underpricing of Initial Public Offerings at the Berlin Stock Exchange, 1870–96

Abstract In this article, we evaluate underpricing of initial public offerings at the Berlin Stock Exchange between 1870 and 1896. In contrast to modern data, first-day returns were extraordinary low and averaged less than 5%, even during the speculative period of the early 1870s. Moreover, standard underpricing theories based on asymmetric information, signalling mechanisms or litigation risk cannot explain underpricing. In contrast to modern markets, underpricing was higher during hot issue markets. Finally, we show that cash-flow relevant information contained in the corporate charter was readily factored in the first market price. Thus, the historical capital market differed from today’s market, but seems to have been efficient.
Myths and Fables of Electroconvulsive Therapy: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Stigmas of ECT in College Students

This study builds upon extensive research on Electroconvulsive Therapy’s (ECT) effectiveness and advancements over time while providing insight into its continuous stigmatization as a psychotherapeutic treatment. The literature provided in this paper explores ECT’s historical background and its misrepresentations in society commonly perpetuated in the media. To further examine present day perceptions of ECT, this study evaluated Bard College undergraduate students’ (n = 24) knowledge, attitudes, and stigmas towards ECT. The data was collected using a five part questionnaire concerning the socio-demographic of participants (part 1), stigmas about ECT (part 2), knowledge about ECT (part 3), sources of knowledge of ECT (part 4), and attitudes towards ECT (part 5). Findings illustrate that students with more stigmatized beliefs had more negative attitudes towards ECT. Students studying in the Science, Math, & Computing (SMC) Department had significantly more positive attitudes towards ECT than students studying in the Social Studies (SS) Department. Where students learned or heard of ECT, specifically ‘Internet’ and ‘Non-medical Books’, impacted both knowledge and attitude rates. Students who learned about ECT from three or more sources of knowledge had more positive attitudes and lower stigmatized beliefs towards ECT than students who had two or less sources of knowledge. This study contributes to research which aims to provide a more balanced depiction of ECT and should inspire continued exploration in this domain.
p130Cas substrate domain signaling promotes migration, invasion, and survival of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells

: Elevated Src tyrosine kinase activity is commonly observed in breast cancer and likely contributes to neoplasia and malignancy. p130Cas (“Crk-associated substrate”) is a major Src substrate found at the sites where integrins mediate cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Src phosphorylates multiple tyrosines in the p130Cas “substrate domain” (SD) and this signaling event has been implicated in the promotion of cell motility, primarily from studies on fibroblasts. In breast cancer, studies on p130Cas have focused on its role in conferring antiestrogen resistance to cells that express the estrogen receptor (ER + ). However, little is known regarding the role of p130Cas in the more aggressive estrogen receptor negative (ER - ) breast cancers for which there is a need for development of effective targeted therapies. We found high levels of p130Cas SD tyrosine phosphorylation to be a common characteristic of ER - breast cancer cell lines, with particularly high levels observed for the BT-549 cell line. Using RNA interference to knock down p130Cas expression in BT-549 cells, combined with rescue by WT p130Cas versus a signaling-deficient control, we provide evidence that p130Cas SD tyrosine phosphorylation is an important signaling event in the migration, invasion, proliferation, and survival of this ER-breast cancer cell line.
Combined endovascular embolization and stereotactic radiosurgery in the treatment of large arteriovenous malformations.

OBJECT Large cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are often not amenable to direct resection or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) treatment. An alternative treatment strategy is staged endovascular embolization followed by SRS (Embo/SRS). The object of this study was to examine the experience at Washington University in St. Louis with Embo/SRS for large AVMs and review the results in earlier case series. METHODS Twenty-one cases involving patients with large AVMs treated with Embo/SRS between 1994 and 2006 were retrospectively evaluated. The AVM size (before and after embolization), procedural complications, radiological outcome, and neurological outcome were examined. Radiological success was defined as AVM obliteration as demonstrated by catheter angiography, CT angiography, or MR angiography. Radiological failure was defined as residual AVM as demonstrated by catheter angiography, CT angiography, or MR angiography performed at least 3 years after SRS. RESULTS The maximum diameter of all AVMs in this series was > 3 cm (mean 4.2 cm); 12 (57%) were Spetzler-Martin Grade IV or V. Clinical follow-up was available in 20 of 21 cases; radiological follow-up was available in 19 of 21 cases (mean duration of follow-up 3.6 years). Forty-three embolization procedures were performed; 8 embolization-related complications occurred, leading to transient neurological deficits in 5 patients (24%), minor permanent neurological deficits in 3 patients (14%), and major permanent neurological deficits in none (0%). Twenty-one SRS procedures were performed; 1 radiation-induced complication occurred (5%), leading to a permanent minor neurological deficit. Of the 20 patients with clinical follow-up, none experienced cerebral hemorrhage. In the 19 patients with radiological follow-up, AVM obliteration was confirmed by catheter angiography in 13, MR angiography in 2, and CT angiography in 1. Residual nidus was found in 3 patients. In patients with follow-up catheter angiography, the AVM obliteration rate was 81% (13 of 16 cases). CONCLUSIONS Staged endovascular embolization followed by SRS provides an effective means of treating large AVMs not amenable to standard surgical or SRS treatment. The outcomes and complication rates reported in this series compare favorably to the results of other reported therapeutic strategies for this very challenging patient population.
Interannual Variability in Intercontinental Transport

We have investigated the importance of intercontinental transport using source-receptor relationship. A global radon-like and seven regional tracers were used in three-dimensional model simulations to quantify their contributions to column burdens and vertical profiles at world-wide receptors. Sensitivity of these contributions to meteorological input was examined using different years of meteorology in two atmospheric simulations. Results show that Asian emission influences tracer distributions in its eastern downwind regions extending as far as Europe with major contributions in midand upper troposphere. On the western and eastern sides of the US, Asian contribution to annual average column burdens are 37% and 5% respectively with strong monthly variations. At an altitude of 10 km, these contributions are 75% and 25% respectively. North American emissions contribute more than 15% to annual average column burden and about 50% at 8 km altitude over the European region. Contributions from tropical Afiican emissions are wide-spread in both the hemispheres. Differences in meteorological input cause non-uniform redistribution of tracer mass throughout the troposphere at all receptors. We also show that in model-model and model-data comparison, correlation analysis of tracer’s spatial gradients provides an added measure of model’s performance. INTRODUCTION Intercontinental transport (ICT) dominates dispersion and regional loading of short-lived air pollutants e.g. aerosols and ozone. Besides being fundamental to urban air pollution, these short-lived species play vital role in global as well as regional climate forcings [Hansen et al., 2000; Giorgi et al., 20021. Therefore, ICT can be considered as one of the mechanisms that interlink air quality with climate change. Recent observational analyses and modeling results have conclusively shown the impact of increasing Asian emissions of air pollutants on the background ozone over the western US [Fiore et al., 2002; Ja#e et al., 20031. This role of ICT in the regional context will become increasingly important due to ongoing latitudinal shift in emissions of air pollutants from developed countries to tropical developing countries [Gupta et al., 1998; Prather et al., 20031 where both convective and photochemical activities are very intensive. In fact, Holloway et al. [2003] have even proposed an idea of a hemispheric treaty to simultaneously address issues of both air quality and climate change. Moreover, two ongoing atmospheric campaigns INTEX [Singh et al., 20031 and IGAC-ITCT [http://www.al.noaa.gov/WWWHD/pubdocs/ITCT] have been specially designed to understand ICT and its influence on northern hemispheric air pollution. Interannual variations in dynamics and circulation are inherent to the atmosphere and are expected to influence ICT as well as regional chemical composition. Without being specific to a particular choice, atmospheric chemical transport models (CTMs) have often recycled a single year’s meteorology over multiple years to produce constituent fields. Simulated constituent
Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes

Recalling the pertinent provisions and principles of the Declaration of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment, the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), the Concluding Documents of the Madrid and Vienna Meetings of Representatives of the Participating States of the CSCE, and the Regional Strategy for Environmental Protection and Rational Use of Natural Resources in ECE Member Countries covering the Period up to the Year 2000 and Beyond,
2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency

2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, also denoted 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (HSD10) deficiency, is a rare X-linked organic aciduria with a highly unusual neurodegenerative disease course involving progressive loss of acquired mental and motor skills, loss of vision, and medically intractable epilepsy in early childhood. There are also patients with a more severe neonatal presentation that may mimic a mitochondrial disease as well as patients without neurologic symptoms despite complete loss of enzyme function. The author reports that modulation of HSD10, which binds to and interacts with amyloid-beta peptide and exacerbates its toxicity, has been identified as a novel therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer disease. Furthermore, HSD10 expression in colorectal cancer altering mtDNA content and energy metabolism in cancer cells was shown to predict survival.