Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of three-phase induction motor for railway propulsion system

A three-phase induction motor absorbs the most electric power among other electrical loads. Therefore, three-phase induction motors are the primary electric motors used in industrial applications thanks to their simple construction and easy operation, as well as low cost and low maintenance costs. Efficiency is a critical parameter that characterizes an induction motor as a traction motor. The traction motor is defined as the engine's effectiveness in converting electrical power at its input into mechanical energy by rotating torque on its axis. One way to analyze the efficiency is to use test data obtained from laboratory tests in case-loaded and no-load tests. Calculations using several formulas on the efficiency of an induction motor as a traction motor produce the same result, namely the efficiency of 98.6% by applying variable frequency drive (VFD). The result of laboratory tests and their analysis can be used as a reference for designing three-phase induction motors for railway traction motors, especially traction motors for high-speed trains.
The Goniodidae (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) of peafowl (Aves: Galliformes: Pavo), with description of a new genus

ABSTRACT Five species of goniodid lice are known from Asian peafowls of the genus Pavo Linnaeus, 1758: Goniodes pavonis (Linnaeus, 1758), the type species of Goniodes Nitzsch, 1818; Goniodes meinertzhageni Clay, 1940; Goniocotes rectangulatus Nitzsch [in Giebel] 1866; Goniocotes parviceps (Piaget, 1880); Goniocotes mayuri Lakshminarayana and Emerson, 1971. We here discuss the identity and relationships of these five species, including the population of G. parviceps on the green peafowl, Pavo muticus Linnaeus, 1766. All five species are redescribed and illustrated in full. A new genus is erected for G. parviceps and G. mayuri: Pavoniocotes gen. nov. A key to the goniodid lice of Asian peafowls is provided. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FFDF1435-92D6-4C19-9B51-3AB61E1BD7DA
Effects of post-metal annealing on the electrical characteristics of HfOx-based resistive switching memory devices

Post-metal annealing (PMA) has been adopted to reduce the operation voltages of HfOx-based resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices, especially the forming voltage (VForming). TiN/Ti/HfOx/TiN stack structures were fabricated and annealed via rapid thermal annealing (RTA) and furnace annealing (FA) to investigate the annealing effects. The result of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicates that the distribution of oxygen towards the interposing Ti layer increases after the annealing process, which facilitates the formation of conductive filaments in the dielectric layer. As a result, VForming can be decreased from 4.60 to 3.24 and 3.36 V via RTA for 30 s at 400 °C and via FA for 60 min at 300 °C, respectively, as compared with that without PMA. However, the VForming of the device annealed via FA for 60 min at 400 °C was higher than that at 300 °C. This turn-around phenomenon of the forming voltages of RRAM devices annealed via FA was found. It was attributed to the conversion of the interposing Ti layer into a highly resistive TiO2 film.
Updates and Expert Opinions on Liver Transplantation for Gastrointestinal Malignancies

Transplant oncology is a relatively new field in which transplantation is used to treat patients who would otherwise be unresectable. New anticancer treatment paradigms using tumor and transplant immunology and cancer immunogenomics are emerging. In turn, liver transplantation (LT) has become a potential therapy for certain patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) with liver metastasis, hepatocellular (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), and metastatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET) of the liver. Although there are established criteria for LT in HCC, evidence regarding LT as a treatment modality for certain gastrointestinal malignancies is still debated. The aim of this review is to highlight updates in the role of LT for certain malignancies, including HCC, metastatic CRC, hilar CCA, and neuroendocrine tumor (NET), as well as contextualize LT use and discuss controversies in transplant oncology.
Object tracking by transitive learning using perspective transformation

Object tracking is a core subject in computer vision and has significant meaning in both theory and practice. In this paper, we propose a novel tracking method, in which a robust discriminative classifier is built basing on both object and context information. In this method, we consider multiple frames of local invariant features on and around the object, and construct the object template and context template. To overcome the limitation of the invariant representations, we also design a non-parametric learning algorithm using transitive matching perspective transformation, which is called as LUPT (Learning Using Perspective Transformation). This learning algorithm can keep adding new object appearance into the object template and avoid improper updating when occlusions appear. In this paper, we also analyze the asymptotic stability of our method and prove its drift-free capability in long term tracking. Extensive experiments using challenging publicly available video sequences that cover most of the critical conditions in tracking demonstrate the enhanced strength and robustness of our method. Moreover, in comparison with several state-of -the-art tracking systems, our method shows superior performance in most of cases, especially in long time sequences.
The Reliability of Three-Dimensional Landmark-Based Craniomaxillofacial and Airway Cephalometric Analysis

Cephalometric analysis is a standard diagnostic tool in orthodontics and craniofacial surgery. Today, as conventional 2D cephalometry is limited and susceptible to analysis bias, a more reliable and user-friendly three-dimensional system that includes hard tissue, soft tissue, and airways is demanded in clinical practice. We launched our study to develop such a system based on CT data and landmarks. This study aims to determine whether the data labeled through our process is highly qualified and whether the soft tissue and airway data derived from CT scans are reliable. We enrolled 15 patients (seven males, eight females, 26.47 ± 3.44 years old) diagnosed with either non-syndromic dento–maxillofacial deformities or OSDB in this study to evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner reliability of our system. A total of 126 landmarks were adopted and divided into five sets by region: 28 cranial points, 25 mandibular points, 20 teeth points, 48 soft tissue points, and 6 airway points. All the landmarks were labeled by two experienced clinical practitioners, either of whom had labeled all the data twice at least one month apart. Furthermore, 78 parameters of three sets were calculated in this study: 42 skeletal parameters (23 angular and 19 linear), 27 soft tissue parameters (9 angular and 18 linear), and 9 upper airway parameters (2 linear, 4 areal, and 3 voluminal). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the inter-examiner and intra-examiner reliability of landmark coordinate values and measurement parameters. The overwhelming majority of the landmarks showed excellent intra- and inter-examiner reliability. For skeletal parameters, angular parameters indicated better reliability, while linear parameters performed better for soft tissue parameters. The intra- and inter-examiner ICCs of airway parameters referred to excellent reliability. In summary, the data labeled through our process are qualified, and the soft tissue and airway data derived from CT scans are reliable. Landmarks that are not commonly used in clinical practice may require additional attention while labeling as they are prone to poor reliability. Measurement parameters with values close to 0 tend to have low reliability. We believe this three-dimensional cephalometric system would reach clinical application.
Edge colorings of graphs and multigraphs

Let G be a multigraph with maximum vertex degree ∆(G) and chromatic index χE(G). A cluster inG is a subgraph that is maximally dense with respect to matchings in G. The cluster index ωE(G) is a measure of this density and is a lower bound for χE(G). We prove that if G has at least one χE–critical edge and if ωE(G) = χE(G) > ∆(G) + 1, then G has a unique minimal cluster. We show how to find this cluster by construction, and indicate how this construction might be used to prove Goldberg’s conjecture that, for all multigraphs, χE(G) ≤ max{∆(G) + 1, ωE(G)}. Next, we consider another problem related to edge colorings. The chromatic index is most often defined to be the minimum size of a partition of the edge set of G into matchings. An equivalent definition is the minimum size of a cover of the edge set of G by matchings. We consider the analogous problem of covering the edge set of a simple graph G by subgraphs that are vertex-disjoint unions of cliques. We denote by χE (G) the minimum size of such a covering set, and investigate the special case χE (L(G)), where L(G) is the line graph of G. We show that χ K E (L(Kn)) = 4 for n = 5, 6, 7, . , 12 by constructing a particular cover of L(Kn) using a greedy algorithm. We use this algorithm to show that χE (L(G)) ≤ 4dln |G|/ ln 12e. Finally, we show that, in the case of G = K13, the minimum size of this particular cover is 5.
Matrix Metalloproteinases and Heart Transplantation—A Pathophysiological and Clinical View

Heart transplantation is undergoing a continuous development, with rates of success increasing substantially due to advances in immunosuppressive therapy and surgical techniques. The most worrying complication occurring after cardiac transplantation is graft rejection, a phenomenon that is much affected by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), with the role of these proteases in the cardiac remodeling process being well established in the literature. A detailed investigation of the association between MMPs and cardiac rejection is necessary for the future development of more targeted therapies in transplanted patients, and to discover prognostic serum and immunohistochemical markers that will lead to more organized therapeutic management in these patients. The aim of this review is therefore to highlight the main MMPs relevant to cardiovascular pathology, with particular emphasis on those involved in complications related to heart transplantation, including cardiac graft rejection.
Design a 25-level inverter topology with less switching devices fed by PV systems

Multilevel inverter (MLI) technology has lately emerged as one of the most popular solutions for high power and medium voltage energy management. MLIs have many benefits and require more switches for higher levels, which are considered disadvantaged. This could result in large size and extremely expensive cost for the MLI. So, in order to overcome this problem, a new MLI topology is proposed with reduced number of switches. A 25‐level inverter fed by isolated unequal photovoltaic panels as DC sources is chosen in this study. The structure of DC voltages is chosen as (1:1:5:5) Vdc. The proposed approach, which is created using twelve switches, is ideally suited for a high-power application. Multi-carrier with a sinusoidal PWM technique is programmed as a controller. According to the simulation findings, a single-phase system's output voltage and current total harmonic distortion (THD) values are 1.2% and 0.462%, respectively, while a three-phase system's values are 1.07% and 0.342%. These findings prove that the power circuit and investigation were successful.
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Embedded Hydrogels as a Promising Carrier for Retarding Irritation of Leflunomide

Leflunomide (LEF), a disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug, has been widely explored for its anti-inflammatory potential in skin disorders such as psoriasis and melanoma. However, its poor stability and skin irritation pose challenges for topical delivery. To surmount these issues, LEF-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) integrated with hydrogels have been developed in the present investigation. SLNs developed by microemulsion techniques were found ellipsoidal with 273.1 nm particle size and −0.15 mV zeta potential. Entrapment and total drug content of LEF-SLNs were obtained as 65.25 ± 0.95% and 93.12 ± 1.72%, respectively. FTIR and XRD validated the successful fabrication of LEF-SLNs. The higher stability of LEF-SLNs (p < 0.001) compared to pure drug solution was observed in photostability studies. Additionally, in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of LEF-SLNs showed good potential in comparison to pure drugs. Further, prepared LEF-SLNs loaded hydrogel showed ideal rheology, texture, occlusion, and spreadability for topical drug delivery. In vitro release from LEF-SLN hydrogel was found to follow the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. To assess the skin safety of fabricated lipidic formulation, irritation potential was performed employing the HET-CAM technique. In conclusion, the findings of this investigation demonstrated that LEF-SLN hydrogel is capable of enhancing the photostability of the entrapped drug while reducing its skin irritation with improved topical delivery characteristics.
The Role of Sound in Livestock Farming—Selected Aspects

Simple Summary Greater awareness about animal welfare forces breeders to pay more attention to animals’ needs and behaviors. The presence of sound coming from surroundings, machines, people, and animals themselves may be an important factor that affects animal welfare. If understood correctly, vocalization can provide valuable information about the emotional state of an animal, thus allowing situations to be adjusted to keep them comfortable. On the other hand, excessive noise can significantly affect the health and behavior of farm animals. If the sounds are outside the hearing range of humans, it becomes challenging to recognize their influence unless one has a deep understanding of how farm animals’ hearing works. In summary, existing research provides promising insights into the connection between sounds and the welfare of farm livestock. While there are reports highlighting the harmful effects of noise on livestock, further research should focus on exploring this aspect in more detail. Abstract To ensure the optimal living conditions of farm animals, it is essential to understand how their senses work and the way in which they perceive their environment. Most animals have a different hearing range compared to humans; thus, some aversive sounds may go unnoticed by caretakers. The auditory pathways may act through the nervous system on the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and immune systems. Therefore, noise may lead to behavioral activation (arousal), pain, and sleep disorders. Sounds on farms may be produced by machines, humans, or animals themselves. It is worth noting that vocalization may be very informative to the breeder as it is an expression of an emotional state. This information can be highly beneficial in maintaining a high level of livestock welfare. Moreover, understanding learning theory, conditioning, and the potential benefits of certain sounds can guide the deliberate use of techniques in farm management to reduce the aversiveness of certain events.
Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing Reveals Virome Composition of Mosquitoes from a Transition Ecosystem of North-Northeast Brazil

A wide diversity of pathogenic mosquito-borne viruses circulate in the Brazilian Amazon, and the intense deforestation can contribute to the spread of these viruses. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the viral diversity in mosquitoes of the genera Aedes, Culex, Haemagogus, and Sabethes from a transition area between the Amazon, Cerrado, and Caatinga biomes in Brazil. Metagenomic high-throughput sequencing was used to characterize the virome of 20 mosquito pools. A total of 15 virus-like genomes were identified, comprising species genomically close to insect-specific viruses of the families Iflaviridae, Metaviridae, Lispiviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Xinmoviridae, and Parvoviridae and species of plant viruses of the families Solemoviridae, Virgaviridae, and Partitiviridae. However, sequences of viruses associated with human and animal diseases were not detected. Most of the recovered genomes were divergent from those previously described. These findings reveal that there are a large number of unknown viruses to be explored in the middle-north of Brazil.
Development and Validation of the Cognitive Behavior Questionnaire in Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain (CBQ-NSCLBP)

Background It’s common to experience chronic low back pain (CLBP), having serious psychological as well as physical implications. The experience of CLBP and its management depends greatly on cognitive and behavioral aspects. However, there is a requirement for a valid and reliable instrument that assesses the characteristics associated with this condition. Purpose The Cognitive Behavior Questionnaire in Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain (CBQ-NSCLBP), a questionnaire for measuring cognitive behavior was created and validated for this study. Methodology To validate the instrument, the consensus technique with two rounds of the modified Delphi process was used. With a varied background, 13 experts in the field were specifically chosen. Utilizing the literature review, an outline of the questionnaire was created. Each of the suggested things was evaluated by the experts using a five-point Likert scale. The items completed the descriptive analysis using the criteria for validation and elimination. Results The research findings showed that the CBQ-NSCLBP had good psychometric characteristics. The content Validity Ratio (CVR) (Critical) for a panel size (N) of 13 is 0.54 & for CBQ-NSCLBP is 0.70, which was regarded as indicative of strong content validity. Test-retest reliability showed that intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) values for all the items were greater than 0.9 which indicates excellent reliability. Spearman’s correlation test between CBQ-NSCLBP and the Survey of Pain Questionnaire-Brief (SOPA-B) has shown that all the items are valid since the correlation value is higher than the cutoff value (0.139). Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed and three factors were retained based on eigenvalue greater than one. Conclusion In order to evaluate cognitive behavior in Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain (NSCLBP), we created this tool. This will make it easy to understand the level of cognition in NSCLBP patients.
Self-assembly of gelatin and collagen in the polyvinyl alcohol substrate and its influence on cell adhesion, proliferation, shape, spreading and differentiation

Culture substrates display profound influence on biological and developmental characteristic of cells cultured in vitro. This study investigates the influence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) substrates blended with different concentration of collagen or/and gelatin on the cell adhesion, proliferation, shape, spreading, and differentiation of stem cells. The collagen/gelatin blended PVA substrates were prepared by air drying. During drying, blended collagen or/and gelatin can self-assemble into macro-scale nucleated particles or branched fibrils in the PVA substrates that can be observed under the optical microscope. These collagen/gelatin blended substrates revealed different surface topography, z-average, roughness, surface adhesion and Young’s modulus as examined by the atomic force microscope (AFM). The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicated that the absorption of amide I (1,600–1,700 cm−1) and amide II (1,500–1,600 cm−1) groups increased with increasing collagen and gelatin concentration blended and the potential of fibril formation. These collagen or/and gelatin blended PVA substrates showed enhanced NIH-3T3 fibroblast adhesion as comparing with the pure PVA, control tissue culture polystyrene, conventional collagen-coated and gelatin-coated wells. These highly adhesive PVA substrates also exhibit inhibited cell spreading and proliferation. It is also found that the shape of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts can be switched between oval, spindle and flattened shapes depending on the concentration of collagen or/and gelatin blended. For inductive differentiation of stem cells, it is found that number and ration of neural differentiation of rat cerebral cortical neural stem cells increase with the decreasing collagen concentration in the collagen-blended PVA substrates. Moreover, the PVA substrates blended with collagen or collagen and gelatin can efficiently support and conduct human pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into Oil-Red-O- and UCP-1-positive brown-adipocyte-like cells via ectodermal lineage without the addition of mitogenic factors. These results provide a useful and alternative platform for controlling cell behavior in vitro and may be helpful for future application in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Impact of Climate Change on Regulation of Genes Involved in Sex Determination and Fruit Production in Cucumber

Environmental changes, both natural and anthropogenic, mainly related to rising temperatures and water scarcity, are clearly visible around the world. Climate change is important for crop production and is a major issue for the growth and productivity of cucumbers. Processes such as sex determination, flower morphogenesis and fruit development in cucumbers are highly sensitive to various forms of stress induced by climatic changes. It is noteworthy that many factors, including genetic factors, transcription factors, phytohormones and miRNAs, are crucial in regulating these processes and are themselves affected by climate change. Changes in the expression and activity of these factors have been observed as a consequence of climatic conditions. This review focuses primarily on exploring the effects of climate change and abiotic stresses, such as increasing temperature and drought, on the processes of sex determination, reproduction, and fruit development in cucumbers at the molecular level. In addition, it highlights the existing research gaps that need to be addressed in order to improve our understanding of the complex interactions between climate change and cucumber physiology. This, in turn, may lead to strategies to mitigate the adverse effects and enhance cucumber productivity in a changing climate.
The Current State and Challenges of Fairness in Federated Learning

The proliferation of artificial intelligence systems and their reliance on massive datasets have led to a renewed demand on privacy of data. Both the large data processing need and its associated data privacy demand have led to the development of techniques such as Federated Learning, a distributed machine learning technique with privacy preservation built-in. Within Federated Learning, as with other machine learning based techniques, the concern and challenges of ensuring that the decisions being made are fair and equitable to all users is paramount. This paper presents an up-to-date review of the motivations, concepts, characteristics, challenges, and techniques/methods related to fairness in Federated Learning reported in the literature. It also highlights open challenges and future research directions in evaluating and enforcing fairness in Federated Learning systems.