Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Milnor Fiber Consistency via Flatness

We describe a new algebro-geometric perspective on the study of the Milnor fibration and, as a first step toward putting it into practice, prove powerful criteria for a deformation of a holomorphic function germ to admit a Thom stratification and, more generally, to preserve the Milnor fibration in an appropriate sense. As corollaries, we obtain a method of partitioning the space of homogeneous polynomials of a fixed degree into finitely many locally closed subsets such that the fiber diffeomorphism type of the Milnor fibration is constant along each subset and a criterion under which deformations of a function with critical locus a complete intersection will be well-behaved.
Modelling and inference for complex survical data under interval censoring.

Interval-censored survival data commonly arise in many clinical and epidemiological studies, where the time to an event of interest cannot be observed exactly but is only known to lie between two adjacent clinical visit times. When data are collected from several clusters, such as clinical sites or geographical regions, clustered interval-censored data are then encountered. Due to advances in medical technology, some subjects are not susceptible to the event and defined as cured. It leads us to study clustered intervalcensored data with the presence of a cured subgroup assumed. For analyzing such complex survival data under interval censoring we propose a mixture cure modelling procedure in Chapter 2. This procedure integrates a logistic regression model for the proportion of cured subjects and proportional hazards (PH) model for those uncured subjects. To reflect the within-cluster correlation of clustered data, random effects are introduced in the manner of the GLMM method. We develop the REML estimation for regression parameters and variance component of random effects and propose an EM algorithm for its implementation, as well as an iterative algorithm to estimate the unknown baseline survival function. A simulation study is then conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in various practical situations. To demonstrate its usefulness, we apply the proposed method to analysis of the interval-censored relapse time data from a smoking cessation study whose subjects were recruited from 51 zip code regions in the south-eastern corner of Minnesota. Although the proposed estimation procedure in Chapter 2 is relatively easy to implement, the implementation may be cumbersome due to the complexity of mixture cure model framework and data structure. To some extent, it is necessary to adjust the cure fraction prior to the mixture cure
The Evaluation of Debris and Smear Layer Generated by Three Rotary Instruments Neo NiTi, 2Shape and Revo_S: An Ex-vivo Scanning Electron Microscopic Study

Introduction: This study compared the cleaning effectiveness of NeoNiTi, 2Shape and Revo_S rotary instruments. Materials and Methods: Fifty mandibular molar mesial roots were selected with an angle of curvature less than 20 degrees divided into three groups (n=15). Five samples were selected as negative control group. In all three systems, the final file was 25, 6%. The score of debris and smear layer in three thirds (coronal, middle and apical) of the root canal walls were evaluated using scanning electron microscopic (SEM) magnification. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests for intergroup comparison (P≤0.05) and Freidman and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was employed for intragroup comparison (P≤0.05). Results: Residual debris of the 2Shape system in the apical region was significantly higher than the other two systems (P=0.039). Revo_S and 2Shape groups had significantly higher quantities of debris in the apical than the coronal region (P=0.029 and P=0.02, respectively). In the 2Shape group, the amount of mid-region debris was significantly higher (P=0.005) than the coronal. In inter-group comparison there was no significant difference in residual smear layer between the systems. In intra-group comparison in all three systems, the amount of smear layer in the coronal third was significantly higher than in the other two areas. (P=0.017, P<0.001 and P=0.032, respectively). Conclusion: 2Shape left the highest amount of debris in the apical region. The amount of debris in Revo_S and 2Shape groups in the apical region was significantly higher than in the coronal. The amount of smear layer in all three groups in the coronal area was higher than the middle and apical areas.
Prediction of SO2 pollution incidents near a power station using partially linear models and an historical matrix of predictor‐response vectors

Atmospheric SO2 concentrations at sampling stations near the fossil fuel fired power station at As Pontes (La Coruna, Spain) were predicted using a model for the corresponding time series consisting of a self-explicative term and a linear combination of exogenous variables. In a supplementary simulation study, models of this kind behaved better than the corresponding pure self-explicative or pure linear regression models. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First measurement of VuT & Ve events in an off-axis horn-focused neutrino beam

We report the first observation of off-axis neutrino interactions in the MiniBooNE detector from the NuMI beamline at Fermilab. The MiniBooNE detector is located 745 m distance from the NuMI production target, at 110 mrad angle (6.3{sup o}) with respect to the NuMI beam axis. Samples of charged current quasi-elastic {nu}{sub {mu}} and {nu}{sub e} interactions are analyzed and found to be in agreement with expectation. This provides a direct verification of the expected pion and kaon contributions to the neutrino flux and validates modeling of the NuMI off-axis beam.
Cerebrospinal fluid and positron-emission tomography biomarkers for noradrenergic dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract The noradrenergic system shows pathological modifications in aging and neurodegenerative diseases and undergoes substantial neuronal loss in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. While a coherent picture of structural decline in post-mortem and in vivo MRI measures seems to emerge, whether this translates into a consistent decline in available noradrenaline levels is unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis of noradrenergic differences in Alzheimer’s disease dementia and Parkinson’s disease using CSF and PET biomarkers. CSF noradrenaline and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol levels as well as noradrenaline transporters availability, measured with PET, were summarized from 26 articles using a random-effects model meta-analysis. Compared to controls, individuals with Parkinson’s disease showed significantly decreased levels of CSF noradrenaline and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, as well as noradrenaline transporters availability in the hypothalamus. In Alzheimer’s disease dementia, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol but not noradrenaline levels were increased compared to controls. Both CSF and PET biomarkers of noradrenergic dysfunction reveal significant alterations in Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease dementia. However, further studies are required to understand how these biomarkers are associated to the clinical symptoms and pathology.
“Utilizing the Neutral Zone: Concept and Technique for Stabilizing Complete Denture– Case Report”

The complete denture with neutral zone is not a new concept. The problem encountered with complete denture patients is the decrease in denture foundation and compromised retention. The neutral zone concept aims in the construction of complete denture using oral structure, when in function and the space available between these oral structures. This article lightness about neutral zone concept and challenges faced during the procedure of impression making by the prosthodontist, when the patient has severely resorbed ridge.
Longitudinal beam distribution in a storage ring with pure inductance described by the LambertW function

The Haissinski equation, accounting for the static distribution of an electron beam circulating in a Storage-Ring and subject to a purely inductive field has an analytical solution, which is a specific form of the LambertW function. We show how the use of this analytical tool allows a better understanding of the validity of the numerical solutions and the distribution normalization properties.
Medial shape description of variable biological objects

This dissertation describes a novel shape description scheme that incorporates variability of an object population into the generation of a characteristic 3D shape model. Knowledge about the biological variability of anatomical objects is essential for statistical shape analysis and discrimination between healthy and pathological structures. The proposed shape representation is based on a fine-scale spherical harmonics (SPHARM) description and a coarse-scale m-rep description. The SPHARM description describes the object boundary as a weighted series of spherical harmonics. The correspondence on the boundary is defined by a first-order ellipsoid normalized parameterization. The medial m-rep description is composed of a net of medial primitives with fixed graph properties. A m rep model is computed automatically from the shape space of a training population of SPHARM objects. Pruned 3D Voronoi skeletons are used to determine a common medial branching topology in a stable way. An intrinsic coordinate system and an implicit correspondence between objects are defined on the medial manifold. My novel representation scheme describes shape and shape changes in a meaningful and intuitive manner. Several experimental studies of shape asymmetry and shape similarity in biological structures demonstrate the power of the new representation to describe global and local form. The clinical importance of shape measurements is shown in the presented applications. The contributions made in this dissertation include the development of a novel automatic pruning scheme for 3D Voronoi skeletons. My experiments showed that only a small number of skeletal sheets are necessary to describe families of even quite complex objects. This work is also the first to compute a common medial branching topology of an object population, which deals with the sensitivity of the branching topology to small shape variations. The sensitivity of the medial descriptions to small boundary perturbations, a fundamental problem of any skeletonization technique, is approached with a new sampling technique.
On the convergence of the quasioptimality criterion for (iterated) Tikhonov regularization

In this paper we derive convergence and convergence rates results of the quasioptimality criterion for (iterated) Tikhonov regularization. We prove convergence and suboptimal rates under a qualitative condition on the decay of the noise with respect to the spectral family of $T$$T$*. Moreover, optimal rates are obtained if the exact solution satisfies a decay condition with respect to the spectral family of $T$*$T$.
Identifying risk factors for COPD and adult-onset asthma: an umbrella review

Background COPD and adult-onset asthma (AOA) are the most common noncommunicable respiratory diseases. To improve early identification and prevention, an overview of risk factors is needed. We therefore aimed to systematically summarise the nongenetic (exposome) risk factors for AOA and COPD. Additionally, we aimed to compare the risk factors for COPD and AOA. Methods In this umbrella review, we searched PubMed for articles from inception until 1 February 2023 and screened the references of relevant articles. We included systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational epidemiological studies in humans that assessed a minimum of one lifestyle or environmental risk factor for AOA or COPD. Results In total, 75 reviews were included, of which 45 focused on risk factors for COPD, 28 on AOA and two examined both. For asthma, 43 different risk factors were identified while 45 were identified for COPD. For AOA, smoking, a high body mass index (BMI), wood dust exposure and residential chemical exposures, such as formaldehyde exposure or exposure to volatile organic compounds, were amongst the risk factors found. For COPD, smoking, ambient air pollution including nitrogen dioxide, a low BMI, indoor biomass burning, childhood asthma, occupational dust exposure and diet were amongst the risk factors found. Conclusions Many different factors for COPD and asthma have been found, highlighting the differences and similarities. The results of this systematic review can be used to target and identify people at high risk for COPD or AOA. This umbrella review provided an overview of nongenetic risk factors for both COPD and adult-onset asthma. Commonly found factors included smoking, BMI, air pollution, early life exposures and occupational exposures. https://bit.ly/3kyeWZL
Testing for seasonal means in time series data

The statistician often needs to test whether or not a time series has a seasonal first moment. The problem often arises in environmental series, where most time‐ordered data display some type of periodic structure. This paper reviews the problem, proposing new statistics in both the time and frequency domains. Our new time domain statistic has an analysis of variance form that is based on the one‐step‐ahead prediction errors of the series. This statistic inherits the classic traits of the F‐distribution arising in one‐way analysis of variance tests, is easy to use, and is asymptotically equivalent to the likelihood ratio test. The statistics asymptotic distribution is quantified when time series parameters are estimated. In the frequency domain, a statistic modifying Fisher's classical test for a sinusoidal mean superimposed on independent and identically distributed Gaussian noise is devised. The performance and comparison of these statistics are studied via simulation. Implementation of the methods merely requires sample means, autocovariances, and periodograms of the series. Application to a data set of monthly temperatures from Tuscaloosa, Alabama, is given. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The inner structure of ACDM halos

We have used high resolution N-body simulations to investigate the internal properties of Cold Dark Matter (CDM) halos with virial masses of M(_200) ~ 10(^10) M(_o) at z = 0, comparable to those of dwarf galaxy halos, forming in the ACDM cosmology. In particular, we have focused on providing accurate constraints on the mass distribution in these objects at ~ 1% of the virial radius, r(_200)-. After a brief introduction (chapter 1), the first part of this thesis is concerned with establishing the conditions under which the distribution of mass in simulated CDM halos is unaffected by finite numerical resolution. In chapter 2, we present results from a comprehensive set of simulations of a single galaxy mass halo in which numerical parameters have been varied systematically in order to determine their impact on the spherically averaged mass profile. Based on these results, we have defined a set of convergence criteria that allow us to identify the radial extent over which the spherically averaged circular velocity profile can be considered reliably resolved to better than 10%. In chapter 3, we have examined the abundance of substructure found in three sets of "converged" simulations, and quantified the effect of increasing mass resolution on the number of resolved subhalos of a given mass. The second part of this thesis is concerned with the detailed analysis of the internal structure and kinematics of the simulated dwarf galaxy halos in our sample. In chapter 4, we analyse the structure and kinematics of the dwarfs for possible redshift dependence, and investigate whether these halos could sustain a gaseous disk. In chapter 5, we concentrate on mass dependent trends by performing a detailed comparison with galaxy and cluster mass halos. Finally, chapter 6 provides a summary of the main findings of this work and highlights aspects that may prove rewarding for further study.
Time periodic solutions for a sixth order nonlinear parabolic equation in two space dimensions

In this paper, we study the time periodic solution of a sixth order nonlinear parabolic equation, which arises in oil-water-surfactant mixtures. Based on Leray-Schauder's fixed point theorem and Campanato spaces, we prove the existence of time-periodic solutions in two space dimensions.
An Integral over a Matrix Space

where E(e I v2) = 0 and var(e | v2) = con — — < o)n. W 2 2 If TT2 is unknown, the usual procedure Is to substitute v2 by v2=y2 = z#2» However, because v2 Is orthogonal to zs hence x? the least squares regres( ^12 \ j ! i)2 o n x is Identical to the least squares regression of y W22 / on x5 which is also the TSLS. Therefore, the full information and the limited information approaches yield an Identical estimator.
Flux-Limited Advection for Tracers in an Ocean General Circulation Model

Abstract The fully multidimensional flux-limited advection scheme of Thuburn is applied both to a simple test problem and to the advection of tracers in a noneddy-resolving ocean general circulation model. It is shown completely to eliminate unphysical new extrema caused by numerical dispersion when used in conjunction with different basic schemes of varying formal accuracy (second, third, and fourth order in space). The flux-limited scheme is easily extended to include surface and lateral boundary conditions.
Serum, interstitial and sweat ATP in humans exposed to heat stress: Insights into roles of ATP in the heat loss responses

Hyperthermia increases intravascular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and is associated with greater hyperthermia‐induced cutaneous vasodilation. Hyperthermia may also increase skin interstitial fluid ATP thereby activating cutaneous vascular smooth muscle cells and sweat glands. We evaluated the hypothesis that whole‐body heating would increase skin interstitial fluid ATP, and this response would be associated with an increase in cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Nineteen (8 females) young adults underwent whole‐body heating using a water‐perfusion suit to increase core temperature by ~1°C during which time cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC, ratio of laser‐Doppler blood flow to mean arterial pressure) and sweat rate (ventilated capsule technique) were measured at four forearm skin sites to minimize between‐site variations. Dialysate from the skin sites were collected via intradermal microdialysis. Heating increased serum ATP, CVC, and sweat rate (all p ≤ 0.031). However, heating did not modulate dialysate ATP (median, baseline vs. end‐heating: 2.38 vs. 2.70 nmol/ml) (p = 0.068), though the effect size was moderate (Cohen's d = 0.566). While the heating‐induced increase in CVC was not correlated with changes in serum ATP (r = 0.439, p = 0.060), we observed a negative correlation (rs = −0.555, p = 0.017) between dialysate ATP and CVC. We did not observe a significant correlation between the heating‐induced sweating and serum, dialysate, or sweat ATP (rs = 0.091 to −0.322, all p ≥ 0.222). Altogether, we showed that passive heating increases ATP in blood and possibly skin interstitial fluid, with the latter potentially blunting cutaneous vasodilation. However, ATP does not appear to modulate sweating.
Spline Kernels in Nonparametric Regression

In this paper the new model of local kernel algorithms (with the limited domain where it takes non-zero values) is presented. Next section presents the backgrounds of nonparametric kernel regression estimator with a special attention paid to the method of selection of smoothing parameter. Then the definition and construction of spline kernels is described. It is followed by the part with the analysis of statistical properties of newly created kernels. The paper ends with a short discussion.
Non-equivalent nature of acetylenic bonds in typical square graphynes and intricate negative differential resistance characteristics

The role of acetylenic linkage in determining the exotic band structures of 4, 12, 2- and 4, 12, 4- graphynes is reported. The Dirac bands, as confirmed by both density functional theory and tight-binding calculations, are robust and stable over a wide range of hopping parameters between sp-sp -hybridized carbon atoms. The shifting of the crossing points of the Dirac bands along the k-path of these two square graphynes is found to be in opposite direction with the hopping along with the acetylenic bond. A real space decimation scheme has also been adopted for understanding this interesting behavior of the band structure of these two graphynes. The condition for the appearance of a nodal ring in the band structure has been explored and critically tested by appropriate Boron-Nitrogen doping. Moreover, both the graphynes exhibit negative differential resistance in their current–voltage characteristics, with 4, 12, 2- graphynes showing superiority.
AIDS Drug Assistance Program disenrollment is associated with loss of viral suppression beyond differences in homelessness, mental health, and substance use disorders: An evaluation in Washington state 2017–2019

AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAPs) are state-administered programs that pay for medical care for people living with HIV in the US. Maintaining enrollment in the programs is challenging, and a large proportion of clients in Washington state (WA) fail to recertify and are disenrolled. In this study we sought to quantify the impact of disenrollment from ADAPs on viral suppression. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of the 5238 clients in WA ADAP from 2017 to 2019 and estimated the risk difference (RD) of viral suppression before and after disenrollment. We performed a quantitative bias analysis (QBA) to assess the effect of unmeasured confounders, as the factors that contribute to disenrollment and medication discontinuation may overlap. Of the 1336 ADAP clients who disenrolled ≥1 time, 83% were virally suppressed before disenrollment versus 69% after (RD 12%, 95%CI 9–15%). The RD was highest among clients with dual Medicaid-Medicare insurance (RD 22%, 95%CI 9–35%) and lowest among privately insured individuals (RD 8%, 95%CI 5–12%). The results of the QBA suggest that unmeasured confounders do not negate the overall RD. The ADAP recertification procedures negatively impact the care of clients who struggle to stay in the program; alternative procedures may reduce this impact.
The M/G/k loss system with servers subject to breakdown

This paper studies the equilibrium behaviour of the M/G/k loss system with servers subject to breakdown. Such a system has k servers, whose customers arrive in a Poisson process. They are served if there is an idle server, otherwise they leave and do not return. Each server is subject to breakdown with probability of occurrence depending on the length of the time the server has been busy since his last repair. On a breakdown the customer waits and his service is continued just after the repair of the server. Among other things, a generalization of the Erlang B-formula is given and it is shown that the equilibrium departure process is Poisson. In fact these results are obtained for the more general case where customers may balk and service and repair rates are state dependent.