Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automated Monkeypox Skin Lesion Detection Using Deep Learning and Transfer Learning Techniques

The current outbreak of monkeypox (mpox) has become a major public health concern because of the quick spread of this disease across multiple countries. Early detection and diagnosis of mpox is crucial for effective treatment and management. Considering this, the purpose of this research was to detect and validate the best performing model for detecting mpox using deep learning approaches and classification models. To achieve this goal, we evaluated the performance of five common pretrained deep learning models (VGG19, VGG16, ResNet50, MobileNetV2, and EfficientNetB3) and compared their accuracy levels when detecting mpox. The performance of the models was assessed with metrics (i.e., the accuracy, recall, precision, and F1-score). Our experimental results demonstrate that the MobileNetV2 model had the best classification performance with an accuracy level of 98.16%, a recall of 0.96, a precision of 0.99, and an F1-score of 0.98. Additionally, validation of the model with different datasets showed that the highest accuracy of 0.94% was achieved using the MobileNetV2 model. Our findings indicate that the MobileNetV2 method outperforms previous models described in the literature in mpox image classification. These results are promising, as they show that machine learning techniques could be used for the early detection of mpox. Our algorithm was able to achieve a high level of accuracy in classifying mpox in both the training and test sets, making it a potentially valuable tool for quick and accurate diagnosis in clinical settings.
The effects of online tourism information quality on conative destination image: The mediating role of resonance

With the increasing popularity of mobile applications, people enjoy browsing online tourism information on social media. This information may cause psychological resonance, which in turn stimulates travel intentions. This study examined the relationship between online travel information quality (OTIQ), resonance, and conative destination image. A partial least squares structural equation model was used to analyze the survey data of 426 users who recently used social media to browse online tourism information. The results show that four dimensions of OTIQ (value-added, relevancy, completeness, and design) affect cognitive resonance, and three dimensions of OTIQ (interestingness, design, and amount of information) affect emotional resonance. Both cognitive resonance and emotional resonance directly affect the conative destination image. This study contributes to online tourism marketing research by identifying the factors of OTIQ that rise tourists’ resonance. It also contributes to destination image research by extending the application of resonance theory and examining the role of cognitive resonance and emotional resonance in forming a conative destination image. Understanding how QTIQ builds a destination image can help destinations improve the quality of online tourism information to attract potential tourists. This study also provides recommendations to destination marketers to formulate appropriate marketing strategies in the age of innovative technology.
The optical properties of amorphous and crystalline silicon

The optical constants n and k of amorphous and crystalline films of silicon have been found from measurements of reflectance and transmittance at normal incidence over the wavelength range from 2500 to 500 nm, and extended to 300 nm by the method of measuring reflectances from the specimen itself and after depositing on it a thin layer of Ta2O5. This latter method has also been made of the effects of annealing on amorphous films. The measurements on single-crystal silicon have been compared with the results of others obtained by Kramers-Kronig analysis.
VIIRS day/night band (DNB) stray light characterization and correction

The Day/Night Band (DNB) on the VIIRS sensor is a panchromatic band that can detect very dim nighttime scenes. After launch of Suomi NPP in October 2011 we observed a gray haze in radiance images with offsets up to 5×10-9 W cm-2 sr-1. Overall this impacts about 25% of nighttime scenes. We considered stray light as the likely cause, and studied calibration data from the space view. We concluded that stray light is likely entering the VIIRS scan cavity directly or indirectly through the nadir door and solar diffuser openings. We also studied the darkest earth scenes without any solar, lunar or artificial illumination, and found that the offset is a function of cross-track pixel, solar angle of incidence (AOI) and detector number. We observed a strong detector dependence causing striping. Dividing scenes into 3 or 4 zones in each hemisphere based on solar AOI, we devised an algorithmic correction based on polynomial fits of the medians of the data for each zone. The correction removed almost all the haze and striping and improved dynamic range by 2 orders-of-magnitude, to as low as 1×10-10 Wcm-2 sr-1, but some striping remains in the twilight region due to extrapolation.
An Alternative Approach to the Asymptotic Theory of Spurious Regression, Cointegration, and Near Cointegration

An alternative approach is taken to the asymptotic theory of cointegration. The present approach gives a different expression for the limiting distributions of statistics associated with cointegration, which enables us to compute accurately the distribution functions. Alternative interpretations of cointegration are given and a notion of near cointegration is introduced. We then devise tests which take cointegration as the null and discuss the limiting local power under the alternative of near cointegration.
UNIFORM ESTIMATES AND BLOW-UP ANALYSIS FOR THE EMDEN EXPONENTIAL EQUATION IN ANY DIMENSION

We study the asymptotic behavior as n → ∞ of a sequence of functions un satisfying the Emden equation -Δ un = eun in a bounded domain Ω ⊂ ℝN, with N ≥ 2. By assuming a suitable uniform bound and an additional monotonicity property, we prove that the *-weak limit in the sense of measures of a subsequence of eun is either a function of L1(Ω), or a purely singular measure concentrated on an (N - 2)-rectifiable set.
Novel Extraction Method for Size-Dependent Mobility Based on BSIM3-Like Compact Model

We applied a BSIM3-like compact model in order to analyze size dependent low field mobility in MOSFETs. By using the newly proposed extraction method, we have successfully extracted the gate length dependence of mobility degradation due to halo doping and the mobility enhancement due to mechanical stress. Moreover, parasitic resistance at source and drain Rsd has been accurately extracted in a variable mobility case. The new method is applicable to wide ranges of device sizes, structures and materials.
Contrast imaging of junctions and recombination activity in MWIR HgCdTe reactive-ion etched n-on-p photodiodes

A novel electron-beam characterization technique called Charge Contrast Imaging has been used to identify the type and spatial extent of doping and electrically active defects in MWIR reactive-ion etched (RIE) HgCdTe n-on-p photodiodes. In this technique, improved electro-morphological sensitivity to the material is observed. Quantitative characterization of the beam effects upon the junction properties is modelled upon experimental results using Laser Beam Induced Current Techniques (LBIC).
Dynamics of monopolar vortices in a strain flow

The strain-induced evolution of shielded monopolar vortices has been investigated in a stratified fluid. A steady strain flow was generated by an arrangement of four rotating horizontal discs, whereas the monopolar vortex was created by a small spinning sphere. Quantitative information about the flow field was obtained by tracking passive tracer particles. The vortex was observed to deform into a tripolar-like structure, followed by the shedding of the accompanying satellites. During this stage, the remaining vortex core evolved quasi-steadily, which was evident from the functional relationship between the vorticity and the stream function. Furthermore, it was shown that the removal of the surrounding ring of oppositely signed vorticity induces an accelerated horizontal growth of the vortex core. Owing to the diffusive decay of vorticity, the vortex was finally torn apart along the horizontal strain axis. The dynamics of the vortex core appeared to be very similar to that of an elliptic patch of uniform vorticity. The instantaneous vorticity contours at high vorticity levels were close to ellipses with nearly the same aspect ratios and orientations. Moreover, the observed vortex evolution was in qualitative agreement with the calculated motion of an elliptic patch of uniform vorticity. As a second approach, the full two-dimensional vorticity equation was solved numerically by a finite-difference method in order to account for both the non-uniform spatial vorticity distribution of the laboratory vortex and the diffusion of vorticity in the horizontal directions. The numerically obtained vortex evolution was in good agreement with that observed in the laboratory.
An Analysis of Visual Outcomes in the Community-Based Vision Screening Programs

Introduction: A community vision screening is a quick eye examination that searches for potential vision problems. Screening helps to detect visual disorders early. This study intended to determine the outcomes of the vision screening. The association between demographic variables, vision testing, and vision screening outcomes was also investigated. Methods: Vision screening data conducted from 2017 to 2020 were obtained. Demographic data (age, gender, and location) and optometric findings (distance visual acuity (DVA), near visual acuity (NVA), refractive errors, intraocular pressure (IOP), and retina abnormalities) were extracted and analyzed. The pass or fail vision screening and causes were determined. Results: Thirty-five percent (35%) were failed the vision screening. The elderly was the most likely to fail (17%). The females and males showed an equal proportion of failure rate. Those who failed screening in urban areas (27%) were greater than in rural areas (8%). Reduced DVA was the most common reason for failed vision screening, followed by reduced NVA. Age (p<0.001) and location (p<0.001) was significantly linked with the outcome of vision screening. DVA (p<0.001), NVA (p<0.001), IOP measurement (p=0.006) and ophthalmoscopy findings (p<0.001) demonstrated significant association with vision screening results. Conclusion: The failure rate in community vision screening was high. Age, location, DVA, NVA, IOP measurement, and fundus evaluation were associated with vision screening outcomes. Outreach initiatives help identify potential vision problems in the community. This evidence is vital for determining the need for treatment and management of optometry services and planning for targeted vision screening programs, thereby preventing vision loss.
Tracking control of flexible joint manipulators using only position measurements

A dynamic feedback controller will be proposed to treat the trajectory tracking control problem of robotic manipulators with flexible joints that use only position measurements on the link and motor sides. Previously published results for the tracking control problem without velocity measurements address only the rigid robot design. Moreover, these results are based on a full-order observer whose dimension is equal to the dimension of the robotic systems. In contrast, our solution can be applied to treat the robotic systems with flexible joints. It does not require any restriction on the joint stiffness. The proposed controller is based on a reduced-order observer which is constructed only to estimate the velocity signal and whose dimension is half of the dimension of flexible-joint robotic systems. We shall show that the resulting closed-loop error system is locally exponentially stable with an arbitrarily large region of attraction. The convergence rate can be arbitrarily pre-assigned and the attraction.
Holey fibers for evanescent field devices

Summary form only given. In a holey fiber (HF), the cladding is formed by an array of holes which run along its length, and the core is simply the absence of a hole. HFs guide light because of the effective volume average index difference between the core and the cladding. The holes provide new opportunities for exploiting the interaction of light with gases and liquids through evanescent field effects. For example, the concentration of pollutants in a gas can be determined using the absorption which occurs as light propagates through the gas for a range of wavelengths, and HFs offer an alternative which naturally provide the possibility of extremely long optical path lengths. To assess the suitability of HFs for evanescent field devices such as gas sensors, it is crucial to know the magnitude of the overlap of the modal field with the holes, and here we present what we believe to be the first such calculations.
Exacerbated Neuropathy in POLAR A and M Trials Due to Redox Interaction of PledOx-Associated Mn2+ and Oxaliplatin-Associated Pt2+

Disappointing results from the POLAR A and M phase III trials involving colorectal cancer patients on chemotherapy with FOLFOX6 in curative (A) and palliative (M) settings have been reported by the principal investigators and the sponsor (PledPharma AB/Egetis Therapeutics AB). FOLFOX6, oxaliplatin in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), possesses superior tumoricidal activity in comparison to 5-FU alone, but suffers seriously from dose-limiting platinum-associated Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN). The aim of the POLAR trials was to demonstrate that PledOx [calmangafodipir; Ca4Mn(DPDP)5] reduced the incidence of persistent CIPN from 40% to 20%. However, this assumption was based on “explorative” data in the preceding PLIANT phase II trial, which did not mirror the expected incidence of unwanted toxicity in placebo patients. In POLAR A and M, the assessment of PledOx efficacy was conducted in patients that received at least six cycles of FOLFOX6, enabling analyses of efficacy in 239 A and 88 M patients. Instead of a hypothesized improvement from 40% to 20% incidence of persistent CIPN in the PledOx group, i.e., a 50% improvement, the real outcome was the opposite, i.e., an about 50% worsening in this bothersome toxicity. Mechanisms that may explain the disastrous outcome, with a statistically significant number of patients being seriously injured after having received PledOx, indicate interactions between two redox active metal cations, Pt2+ (oxaliplatin) and Mn2+ (PledOx). A far from surprising causal relationship that escaped prior detection by the study group and the sponsor. Most importantly, recently published data (ref 1) unequivocally indicate that the PLIANT study was not suited to base clinical phase III studies on. In conclusion, the POLAR and PLIANT trials show that PledOx and related manganese-containing compounds are unsuited for co-treatment with platinum-containing compounds. For use as a therapeutic adjunct in rescue treatment, like in ischemia-reperfusion of the heart or other organs, or in acetaminophen (paracetamol)-associated liver failure, there is little or nothing speaking against the use of PledOx or other PLED compounds. However, this must be thoroughly documented in more carefully designed clinical trials.
On the Mass-Radius Relation of Late M Dwarfs

An attempt is made to rederive an empirical mass-radius relation for main-sequence stars less massive than 0.5 solar mass. Near-infrared photometry (JHK bands) was obtained on about 40 nearby (all with greater than 0.04 arcsec) low-mass taken from the Gliese catalogs. From these data and from previously published UBVRI magnitudes, effective temperatures are determined in the standard manner, by fitting blackbody energy distributions to the observed fluxes while allowing for line and band blocking below 1 micron. Together with the known distances, these temperatures and fluxes allow estimates of the radii and luminosities of these stars. Invoking a theoretical mass-luminosity relation, the masses of the stars can then be derived. A comparison of the resultant empirical mass-radius relation with a recent theoretical relation shows that the discrepancy is now about 10 percent, significantly better than the 20-25 percent obtained a decade ago. 22 refs.
Miniature, high-resolution, quadrupole mass-spectrometer array

A miniature quadrupole mass spectrometer array consisting of 16 rods in a 4×4 array is reported. Each rod is 25 mm in length and 2 mm in diameter. The ionizer is of a miniature Nier-type design, and the detector is a channel-type electron multiplier. Operating frequencies are 5.3, 7.1, and 12.9 MHz. The mass range demonstrated herein is 1–300 u; and the resolution of the system is 0.1–0.5 u (full width at half-maximum), or m/Δm=600. The present sensitivity is calculated and measured to be approximately 1×1012 counts/Torr s.
Material dispersion in lightguide glasses

Material dispersion measurements are reported on six characteristic lightguide glass compositions. The measurements were made on bulk specimens and cover the wavelength range from 0.8 to 1.5 μm. It is observed that in these silicate glasses the wavelength at which material dispersion is zero is in all cases greater than 1. 2μm.
Planar surface detection and extraction in image pair taken under urban environment

Planar surfaces are important characteristics in man-made environments. Planes have many practical applications in computer vision and computer graphics, including camera calibration and interactive modeling. Here, we develop a plane detection method for piecewise image pair taken under urban environment. All potential planes are detected based on planar homographies estimated from Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. In order to extract the whole planes, the normalized cut method is used to segment the original images. We pick those segmented regions with maximum fit to those features satisfied with planar homographies as the whole planes. We illustrate the algorithm's performance on gray and color image pairs.
Energy efficient lighting and communications

As Light-Emitting Diode (LED)'s increasingly displace incandescent lighting over the next few years, general applications of Visible Light Communication (VLC) technology are expected to include wireless internet access, vehicle-to-vehicle communications, broadcast from LED signage, and machine-to-machine communications. An objective in this paper is to reveal the influence of system parameters on the power distribution and communication quality, in a general plural sources VLC system. It is demonstrated that sources' Half-Power Angles (HPA), receivers' Field-Of Views (FOV), sources layout and the power distribution among sources are significant impact factors. Based on our findings, we developed a method to adaptively change working status of each LED respectively according to users' locations. The program minimizes total power emitted while simultaneously ensuring sufficient light intensity and communication quality for each user. The paper also compares Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and On-Off Keying (OOK) signals performance in indoor optical wireless communications. The simulation is carried out for different locations where different impulse response distortions are experienced. OFDM seems a better choice than prevalent OOK for indoor VLC due to its high resistance to multi-path effect and delay spread. However, the peak-to-average power limitations of the method must be investigated for lighting LEDs.
Observation of the structure of the urban boundary layer with different ceilometers and validation by RASS data

U rban air quality assessment requires the knowledge of the temporal and spatial structure of the mixing layer, because this structure controls the vertical dilution of near-surface pollutants. The behaviour of the mixing layer is a consequence of vertical temperature and moisture profiles in the lower atmosphere so that remote sensing can be a suitable tool to monitor it. Three ceilometers, a Vaisala LD40 and two Vaisala CL31, have been operated for many months in the German city of Augsburg in order to observe the vertical aerosol distribution. Wind and temperature profile information have been obtained for a part of the period from radioacoustic sounding system (RASS) observations. This paper investigates the abilities of the instruments and compares the information received by the ceilometers among each other and with temperature profiles from the RASS data. Zusammenfassung
Dissociative ionization of small molecules in intense laser fields

With the development of high power, subpicosecond lasers, it has become possible to study the process of multielectron dissociative ionization of small molecules at intensities in excess of 1014 W cm-2. At such intensities the conventional multiphoton approach is too complex and the field ionization model becomes more attractive. This article reviews the experimental results obtained to date and indicates how certain aspects of the process, namely the mode of multiple ionization, the thresholds for multiple ionization, the charge symmetry of the fragment ion production and their peaked angular distributions, can be explained in terms of a field ionization, Coulomb explosion model. However, a more sophisticated approach is undoubtedly required to explain the lack of variation of fragment ion kinetic energies with laser risetime, the variation of kinetic energies with laser wavelength and the molecule specificity of the process.
A peripheral mechanism for auditory directionality in the bushcricket Gampsocleisgratiosa: Acoustic tracheal system

The hypothesis that the acoustic tracheal system is a peripheral mechanism for auditory directionality was tested in the bushcricket Gampsocleis gratiosa. The acoustic tracheal system comprises the large spiracle, vesicle, and long tapering trachea. Based on its anatomy and cross‐sectional areas against axial distance, an acoustic model was proposed; this model is analogous to an exponential horn with a flaring constant of about 0.075 mm−1. The effects of the acoustic tracheal system on auditory threshold and directionality were measured by using an electrophysiological recording from single auditory neurons. The intact tracheal system was found to be essential for directional hearing. Blockage of the spiracle markedly influenced the auditory threshold and directionality of the ipsilateral auditory neurons, but had very little effect on contralateral auditory neurons. The effects of blockage of the ipsilateral spiracle on auditory thresholds were frequency dependent with a gain of about 15–40 dB over a frequency range of 7–30 kHz. The directional threshold differences were measured for single auditory neurons. Blockage of the ipsilateral spiracle abolished directional sensitivity of these neurons. But blockage of the tympanal slits had less effect on directional sensitivity of this tettigoniid species, with a decrement of about 1 to 3 dB.
Statistical–Dynamical Seasonal Forecast for Tropical Cyclones Affecting New York State

AbstractThis study attempts, for the first time, to predict the annual number of tropical cyclones (TCs) affecting New York State (NYS), as part of the effort of the New York State Resiliency Institute for Storms and Emergencies (RISE). A pure statistical prediction model and a statistical–dynamical hybrid prediction model have been developed based on the understanding of the physical mechanism between NYS TCs and associated large-scale climate variability. During the cold phase of El Nino–Southern Oscillation, significant circulation anomalies in the Atlantic Ocean provide favorable conditions for more recurving TCs into NYS. The pure statistical prediction model uses the sea surface temperature (SST) over the equatorial Pacific Ocean from the previous months. Cross validation shows that the correlation between the observed and predicted numbers of NYS TCs is 0.56 for the June 1979–2013 forecasts. Forecasts of the probability of one or more TCs impacting NYS have a Brier skill score of 0.35 compared to c.