Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statins: Newer Roles Including Lipid Lowering Therapy

Statins are most effective pharmacological agents to decrease total plasma cholesterol level by competitive inhibition of hydroxyl methyl glutaryl Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. Apart from the wellknown Low density lipoprotein (LDL)-and cholesterol-lowering effect, statins have been postulated to exert other beneficial effects called pleotropic effects. Better understanding of various pleotropic effects of statins has prompted a new surge of interest in their use to treat or prevent a wide range of chronic and life-threatening disorders. Their effectiveness in treating these disorders suggests that the benefits of statins may not be limited to its cholesterol-lowering effect. Although the clinical implication of this beneficial non-lipid effect seems promising, yet properly-designed, large multicentre, prospective, control trials are needed to validate the use of statins for indication other than primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease.
Modulated crystal structures of greenalite and caryopilite; a system with long-range, in-plane structural disorder in the tetrahedra sheet

High-resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM) images confirm that greenalite and caryopilite are modulated 1:1 phyllosilicates. The octahedrally coordinated Fe (greenalite) and Mn (caryopilite) form trioctahedral sheets. Six-member rings of tetrahedra link to form triangular islands four or five tetrahedra across, with each island coordinating to one octahedral sheet. Adjacent islands are inverted and link to the neighboring octahedral sheet, which results in a triply-intersecting corrugation for the tetrahedral sheet. Islands vary in numbers of tetrahedra about a mean dictated by the octahedral sheet dimension. Island separations range about a mean distance within the X-Y plane, with island alignment fluctuating as a function of lattice vectors defined by the octahedral sheet. The tetrahedra thus show limited short-range order (spanning to five octahedra), but long-range disorder. Linkages of tetrahedra between islands are apparently completely disordered. Because of this disorder, there is no definable unit-cell. Fourier calculations involving non-repeating structures cannot use unit-cell fractional coordinates and Miller indices. We calculated diffraction patterns by finding the real-space coordinates of every atom in the model relative to a defined origin. The reciprocal space variable, d (super *) , is sampled at intervals of 0.005 Aa to build the continuous Fourier transform of the model. Discrete polytypes of 1T and 1M for greenalite and caryopilite, respectively, were identified. Where grains contain mixtures, the relative abundance of each polytype is related to composition, with the dominant polytype based on minimizing misfit between the sheets of octahedra and of tetrahedra. Stacking in greenalite and caryopilite is defined by the relative positions of adjacent octahedral sheets and, therefore, limits on the displacements of neighboring domains of silicate rings within (001) are possible. Domain boundary linkages, however, cannot be determined precisely by using either diffraction or imaging data.
The reuse of waste cooking oil and spent bleaching earth to produce biodiesel

ABSTRACT Currently, semi-refined and refined vegetable oils are used as a feedstock in biodiesel production. However, criteria such as competition with conventional fossil fuel, economic reasons, shortage supply of food and its social impact on the global scale have somewhat slowed the development of the biodiesel industry. Spent bleaching earth is currently under-utilized by deposition in landfills with no attempt to recover the oil. In this study the waste oil adsorbed on spent bleaching earth, refined soybean oil, and waste cooking oil were evaluated as potential sources of biodiesel production in Iran. Different characteristics of the oil samples, such as fatty acid composition, peroxide, iodine, acid values, etc., were evaluated. A two-step esterification reaction using methanol was conducted to produce biofuel. Subsequently, physicochemical properties of produced biodiesel were analyzed. The oil content in spent bleaching earth was 19.3%, which was lowered to 3.7% using hexane as the solvent. Gas chromatography showed that palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids were predominantly fatty acids, respectively, and the highest content of saturated acids belonged to waste cooking oil (24%). The acidity of 8.3% was obtained for the oil recovered from spent bleaching earth followed by waste cooking oil (3.6%) and refined soybean oil (0.1%). Totally, the specifications of all biodiesel produced were in the range defined by ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. Since about 2000–3000 tones of spent bleaching earth residual oil is annually dumped and the amount of waste cooking oil produced yearly is 500,000 tones, there is a great potential for Iran to produce biodiesel from waste oils.
The Effect of Autoignition-Promoting Additives on Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition

Pulse detonation engines (PDE’s) may represent a revolutionary approach to airbreathing propulsion, with potentially much higher specific impulse, thrustlweight, and range performance than current gas turbine or ramjet-based systems. A key development to make the PDE viable would be demonstrating the rapid formation of the detonation wave in a spark-ignited combustor fueled with conventional storable hydrocarbons. Unfortunately, hydrocarbodair mixtures generally have narrower detonation limits, lower heat release rates, and longer deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) distances than the hydrogedair, hydrogedoxygen, or hydrocarbodoxygen mixtures that have been used in most experimental work to date. Since autoignition is known to be an integral part of the formation of a detonation wave, we investigated the ability of known initiator compounds to shorten the DDT length in gasphase fueVair and fuel/oxygen mixtures. DDT times and distances were measured using transient pressures recorded with high-speed pressure transducers at multiple axial locations. Gaseous mixtures of ethylene, propane, and n-butane were used both neat and with additives known to promote autoignition. Both air and pure oxygen were employed as oxidizers. The use of solely gas-phase mixtures allowed us to separate the effect of fuel vaporization versus the role of autoignition in the DDT process. A Shchelkin spiral was necessary to obtain detonations with heVoxidizer mixtures containing significant amounts of nitrogen. Results indicated that sensitizing autoignition did not decrease DDT times or distances, in fact in most cases the effect of the additives was to slightly lengthen the DDT time. DDT times were instead found to correlate with the inverse of a descriptor for the mixture laminar flame speed. This result suggests that it is the flame speed of the mixture that determines DDT time for spark -ignited mixtures,
Теоретичні основи створення альтернативних багатофункціональних енергетичних систем і тепломасообмінної апаратури

Developed scheme decisions of alternative grids on the basis of heat used absorption cycle are led in article. Conception of creation of heat-mass exchange apparatuses on the basis of mono-unit multichannel polymeric constructions is developed. Mathematical models of processes of joint heat-mass exchange are developed taking into account the features of pellicle.
The effects of antioxidative treatment upon electrolyte and metabolic reactions of a chronically stressed group

The staff of a rehabilitation clinic was treated with an antioxidative nutraceutical during a demanding time of 8 weeks in a double blind, placebo controlled manner. Metabolic changes in metabolism and electrolyte state due to chronic workload, acute, standardized ergometry and, eventually to antioxidant treatment were recorded by capillary blood determination of pH, pCO2, BE, blood glucose, lactate, K, Ca, Mg by Clinical Stress Assessment software. It turned out that those parameters changed significantly after 8 weeks of increased workload and also after standard ergometry. However, the antioxidant treated group showed significantly less chronic signs of metabolic distress due to the demanding working situation as well as a significantly calmer reaction to acute ergometric load, concerning lactate, base excess and pCO2 changes. Electrolyte changes figure prominently among the workload effects both in group averages and in treatment dependent correlations with metabolic data. Mg changes are particularly sensible to a rise in metabolic dynamics, and therefore Mg is liable to be substituted to grant undisturbed energy turnover in a difficult situation.
Determination of Content of Oligosaccharide and Catalpol in Rehmannia Root by HPLC

Objective: To contrast ingredients of rehmannia dride rhizome with different disct.Method: Carbohydrate was extracted by supersound and water used for solvent,was separated by NH2 chromatographic column and acetonitrile-water(72∶ 28) for mobile phase at 1.0 mL.min-1,was detected by refraction detector and was assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography.Catalpinoside was extracted by supersound and methanol used for solvent,was separated by C18 chromatographic column and methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid solution at 1.0 mL.min-1,was detected at λ = 210 nm and was assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography.Result: Carbohydrate ingredients of rehmannia dride rhizome and prepared rhizome of rehmannia are conformity,but content are different.Content of catalpinoside have striking difference.Conclusion:The method is good in the aspect of reproducibility and sensitivity.It can be applied to contrast for the ingredients of Rehmannia dride rhizome and prepared rhizome of rehmannia.
Corticotropin-releasing hormone regulates corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA expression through PKA signal pathway in rat hypothalamic slices in vitro

Objective To investigate the signal regulatory mechanism of expression of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) stimulated neurons of hypothalamic slices in rats in vitro . Methods Model of hypothalamic slices of rats was established. After CRH stimulatation of corticotropin releasing hormone type 1 receptor (CRH1R) of hypothalamic slices in rats in vitro , the changes of activity of protein kinase A (PKA) signal passway were observed by immunocytochemical method and Western blotting. The relationship between the changes and CRH mRNA expression was also observed. Results CRH could cause the remarkable increase in phosphorylated PKA, phosphorylated CREB, and CRH content in hypothalamic slices in rats. However, CPl54526 or H89 could have significant inhibitory effect on the synthesis of P PKA, P CREB, and CRH. Conclusion PKA signal passway can regulate the ultrashort positive feedback of CRH secretion in the rat hypothalamus in stress due to severe trauma.
Analysis and Computer Reconstruction of a Musical Fragment of György Ligeti's Melodien

In this paper, the author consideres music sequence as the result of abstract computations, and he tries to study the process of such computations involved in a passage of Gyorgy Ligeti's Melodien, a piece for small orchestra which was written en 1971. The tool used for this research is PatchWork (Lisp environment with graphical and musical interface). NOTE : [*] This paper is an extended version of a conference presented at the International Symposium on Music and Mathematics, Bucharest, May 29-30, 1994. The computer reconstruction of Ligeti's fragment has been done in collaboration with Gerard Assayag (Music Representation Group, at Ircam).
Acrolein Adsorption on Graphyne Nanotube: A Density Functional Theory Study

We have used density functional theory to investigate the possibility of using graphyne nanotubes for acrolein detection. Adsorption of acrolein on the armchair and zigzag nanotubes based on α-graphyne was studied. The results show that acrolein is physisorbed on graphyne nanotubes with large adsorption distance, small adsorption energy, and small charge transfer. Calculations of the electronic band structures and density of states indicate that acrolein adsorption has a considerable effect on the electronic properties of graphyne nanotubes. These nanotubes with metallic and semiconducting properties become n-type semiconductors with acrolein adsorption due to the charge transfer from molecule to graphyne nanotubes. Our results suggest the graphyne nanotubes as promising sensors for detection of acrolein.
Market research for creating current account balance equilibrium

The long-term balance of payments and current account balance could be achieved by adequate development policy and rational use of production resources. In order to improve the domestic production and export competitiveness, it is necessary to include marketing activities when creating new investment programs, by using the opportunities and reducing weeknesses that affect economic development. Market research precedes the planning process and foreign trade business activities. Also, market research provides an insight into the needs and possibilities in the market, with the aim of establishing export-import equilibrium. When creating export business plan, it is of vital importance to be competitive in terms of pricing, quality, distribution channels, payment modes and promotion of goods and services. According to these requests, it is necessary to carry on with the organized and continuous market research, which is crucial for defining marketing strategies to be used in export stimulation and enhancement. Apstrakt: Dugorocni platni bilans i bilans tekuceg racuna može se postici primenom adekvatne politike razvoja i racionalne upotrebe proizvodnih resursa. U cilju poboljsanja domace proizvodnje i izvozne konkurentnosti, neophodno je ukljuciti marketinske aktivnosti prilikom kreiranja novih investicionih programa, koriscenjem prilika a smanjivanjem slabosti koje uticu na ekonomski razvoj. Istraživanje tržista prethodi planiranju i spoljnotrgovinskim aktivnostima. Takođe, istraživanje tržista daje uvid u potrebe i mogucnosti na tržistu, u cilju uspostavljanja ravnoteže između uvoza i izvoza. Prilikom kreiranja poslovnog plana izvoza, veoma je važno obratiti pažnju na konkurentnost kada je rec o ceni, kvalitetu, kanalima distribucije, nacinu placanja i promocije robe i usluga. U skladu sa ovim zahtevima, neophodno je da se nastavi sa organizovanim i kontinuiranim istraživanjem tržista, jer ono ima presudnu ulogu prilikom definisanja marketinskih strategija koje se koriste za podsticanje i unapređenje izvoza.
Studi tentang aktivitas sekresi Reactive Oxygen Intermediates (ROIs) makrofag mencit yang distimulasi dengan protein larut Toxoplasma selama infeksi Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii. This disease is asymptomatic, but it can elicite a problem in the immunocompromised patient and in the pregnant woman. This work was carried out to study the Reactive Oxygen Intermediates (ROIs) secretion activity of macrophages in mice stimulated with soluble protein of Toxoplasma during Toxoplasma gondii infection. In this study, 24 female Balb/c mice were used and devided into three groups. The first group was stimulated with 10 µg of soluble protein. The second group was stimulated with 10 µg of soluble protein with the addition of incomplete Freund’s adjuvant and the third group represented as control. The addition of incomplete Freund’s adjuvant to soluble protein was aimed to increase the immunogenicity of soluble protein. The stimulant was administered twice intraperitoneally with intervals of 2 weeks. Two days after the second stimulation, the mice were infected intraperitoneally with 4x102 tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii RH strain. On day 0, 3, 5 and 7 post infection, 2 mice from each group were sacrificed, the peritoneal macrophages were isolated and cultured to measure the ROIs secretion activity of macrophages in vitro. The Posttest Only Control Group Design was used as the experimental design. The data were analysed with One Way Anova. The result of this experiment showed that during Toxoplasma gondii infection, the ROIs secretion activity of macrophages in all groups of mice increased on day 5, and henceforth declined. The activity of macrophages from the first group and the second group were higher than that of the control group (the third group). The increment of ROIs secretion activity of macrophages in the second group was higher than that in the first group. It can be concluded that stimulation with soluble protein can increase the ROIs secretion activity of macrophages. The addition of incomplete Freund’s adjuvant to soluble protein increased the immunogenicity of soluble protein.
Applying Oxygen Isotope Paleothermometry in Deep Time

Oxygen isotope paleotemperature studies of the Mesozoic and Paleozoic are based mainly on conodonts, belemnite guards, and brachiopod shells—material resistant to diagenesis and generally precipitated in oxygen isotope equilibrium with ambient water. The greatest obstacle to accurate oxygen isotope paleothermometry in deep time is uncertainty in the oxygen isotopic composition of the ambient seawater. The second greatest obstacle is fossil diagenesis. Useful application of the oxygen isotope method to brachiopod shells requires extreme care in sample screening and analyses, and is best done with scanning-electron microscopy, and petrographic and cathodoluminescence microscopy, and trace-element analysis. Correct interpretation of oxygen isotope data is greatly aided by thorough understanding of the paleolatitude, paleoecology, and depositional environment of the samples. The oxygen isotope record for the Triassic, based on brachiopod shells, is too sparse to show any distinct isotopic features. Jurassic and Early Cretaceous δ18O records, based on belemnites, show a Toarcian (Jurassic) decline (warming), a Callovian-Oxfordian acme, and an Early Cretaceous increase (cooling) to a Valanginian-Hauterivian maximum, followed by a decline (warming) to a middle Barremian minimum. Deep-time applications to oxygen isotope thermometry provide evidence for cooling and glaciation in the Ordovician, Carboniferous, and Permian. The δ18O values from Silurian and Devonian brachiopod shells and conodonts average lower than those of the remaining Phanerozoic because of the absence of continental glaciers and possibly higher temperatures (~37°? ), although slightly lower (≤2%o) seawater δ18O cannot be ruled out. The hypothesis of high temperatures in the early Paleozoic implies a relatively constant hydrospheric δ18O, which is supported by clumped isotope paleotemperatures. However, more research is needed to develop methods for evaluating clumped isotope reordering in fossils. Ongoing and future research in oxygen isotope and clumped isotope thermometry hold the promise of resolving deep-time temperatures, seawater δ18O, and salinity with heretofore unavailable accuracy (±2°, ±0.4%o, and ±2 psu), providing the environmental setting for the evolution of metazoan life on Earth.
Formation, Morphology, and Effect of Complex Defects in Boron Nitride Nanotubes: An ab initio Calculation

The formation mechanism of the complex defect, consisting of a carbon (C) impurity and an atomic vacancy, and the corresponding effects on structure and properties of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are studied using density functional theory. It is found that the C impurity and the vacancy tend to bind together to form a pentagon-nonagon pair more stable than the isolated vacancy, because of geometrical and electronic effects. The combination of the cation vacancy and C B (C substitution for B) is preferable in N-rich conditions, while the combination of the anion vacancy and C N (C substitution for N) is favorable in B-rich conditions. The C-doping facilitates the formation of the vacancy in the growth of the BNNT. The interaction between the C impurity and the vacancy on the one hand quenches their respective local moments, making the system nonmagnetic; on the other hand substantially changes the density and distribution of localized gap states, reducing the activity. We suggest that the complex defect system is more appropriate for chemical applications, such as ion sieve and filter, than for physical applications.
Comparative antioxidant activities of propranolol, nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem against sarcolemmal membrane lipid peroxidation.

The antiperoxidative activities of nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem were compared with that of propranolol by using an in vitro model of sarcolemmal membrane lipid peroxidation. Highly purified sarcolemmal membranes, isolated from canine ventricular myocytes, were peroxidized by a superoxide anion-producing and iron-catalyzed free radical-generating system (dihydroxy-fumarate plus FeCl3 and ADP). Lipid peroxidation after 20 minutes of incubation was monitored by malondialdehyde formation. Similar to propranolol, all three calcium blockers exhibited concentration-dependent (10-400 microM) inhibitory effects against sarcolemmal lipid peroxidation. The order of potency of these agents was nifedipine greater than propranolol greater than verapamil greater than diltiazem. Nifedipine, the most effective calcium blocker, was greater than twofold more potent than propranolol and achieved a significant effect at 10 microM. This study suggests that calcium blockers may provide antiperoxidative protection to car.
Modeling and Characterization of Rate Phenomena in Complex Electrochemical Systems: Sodium-Metal Chloride Batteries and Ni/SiC Co-Deposition

Modeling and Characterization of Rate Phenomena in Complex Electrochemical Systems: Sodium-Metal Chloride Batteries and Ni/SiC Co-Deposition Damla Eroglu In the first part of the dissertation (Chapters 3-5), the effect of a cationic dispersant, polyethyleneimine (PEI) on the co-deposition of micro and nano SiC particles with nickel is characterized and modeled. A major challenge in Ni/SiC co-deposition for wear-resistant coatings is that the dispersants that are used to stabilize the particles in the electrolyte to ensure high and uniform particle incorporation into the deposit can significantly affect the electrodeposition kinetics. To overcome this challenge, studies of particle dispersion and electrodeposition are integrated. The effect of PEI on the electrodeposition of Ni/SiC composites is characterized as a function of SiC and PEI bath concentration, current density, rotation speed, molecular weight of PEI and particle size. A pre-coating procedure, in which SiC particles are pre-coated with PEI in a different electrolyte prior to plating, is described. With the pre-coating procedure, high particle stability in the plating bath is obtained. In addition, a significant increase on the SiC incorporation rate is seen without any substantial decrease on the current efficiency for both microand nano-composites. Furthermore, using pre-coated particles in the presence of a leveling agent is found to be advantageous relative to the direct addition of PEI into the electrolyte. The efficacy of employing the pre-coating procedure in manufacturing, where plating baths need a long life, is also found to be satisfactory. The use of precoated SiC particles changes the morphology, decreases the surface roughness and