Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modification of gene expression after internalization of Growth Hormone (GH) into the cell nucleus

Growth hormone (GH) and many other hormones or growth factors have been shown to be rapidly internalized and translocated into the nucleus. The first event of peptide action is binding to its receptor which initiates both signal transduction pathways and internalization. The latter process involves the nucleus and probably gene transcription. In order to analyze the consequences of internalization of GH on gene expression, we used different populations of CHO cells, transfected with either full length GH receptor, or with defective receptor unable to trigger either signal transduction (deletion of box1) or the internalization of GH (Phe346 mutation in Ala). In addition, functional isolated nuclei were incubated 10 and 30 min with 50 nM GH in order to analyze the direct effect of GH on gene expression without surrounding cytoplasmic structures. The genes involved in signal transduction pathways were not revealed if GH internalization is the only functional activity in the whole cell as well as with isolated nuclei. In intact cell, internalization increased expression of 297 genes and decreased fewer than 10% of those known to be influenced by GH. Variations of expression in purified nuclei showed large variations with time. If cell signaling was not modified, cellular growth and proliferation, nucleic acid metabolism, cellular development, cell cycle and gene expression showed many variations with time. GH internalization shows direct effects on gene expression, different from those stimulated by signal transduction.
Genotypic and phenotypic evidence indicates the introduction of two distinct forms of a non-native species (Gekko gecko) to Florida, USA

The red-spotted tokay gecko Gekko gecko (Linnaeus, 1758) is a widely distributed Asian gecko that has established outside of its native range in Florida, USA. This study used genotypic and phenotypic data to determine whether multiple, distinct forms of red-spotted tokay gecko are present in Florida, specifically the morphologically distinct “G. g. gecko” and “Form B”. Two discrete mitochondrial clades (ND2) were identified in Florida tokay geckos, the native range distributions of which were found to correspond closely with the native ranges of G. g. gecko (the Malay Archipelago) and Form B (mainland Asia), respectively. Furthermore, each mitochondrial clade was non-randomly associated with a separate nuclear (RAG-1) clade, supporting the existence of two discrete genotypic lineages, representative of G. g. gecko and Form B. Both lineages were detected in Florida, and population-level morphological structure was non-randomly associated with genotype, confirming a genotype-phenotype link. Multiple lines of evidence thus indicate the introduction of both forms of tokay gecko to Florida, where hybridisation likely also occurs. The link between morphological Form B and a unique genotypic lineage also indicates the existence of a tokay gecko taxon distinct from the recognised subspecies G. g. azhari Mertens, 1955 and G. g. gecko (Linnaeus, 1758).
Indigenous Reduction of Multi-drug Resistant Bacterial Pathogens in a Natural Uncontrolled Fermented Milk Ecosystem

Raw milk and its products have been questioned for microbiological safety. However, Dahi: an artisanally fermented milk product that is yet microbiologically unexplored is popularly known for therapeutic uses in public. Aiming safety and therapeutic assessment of dahi, samples of raw milk and dahi were analysed for microbiology and bacterial pathogens. The pathogens were also evaluated for antibiotic resistance. Further dahi samples were assessed for antipathogen effect. The total bacterial count of raw milk was between 3.80 × 1002 to 2.97 × 1007 and total fungal count was 2.50 × 1001 to 4.90 × 1002 whereas total bacterial and fungal count of Dahi was 3.00 × 1001 to 4.05 × 1009 and 2.00 × 1001 to 5.30 × 1007. Bacterial population of the Dahi was found dominated by lactic acid bacteria. In milk samples, E. coli was detected as 38%, S. aureus 28%, L. monocytogenes 3%, Salmonella 42% and Pseudomonas spp 31%. In Dahi samples, their percentages were 7%, 10%, 7%, 8% and 2% respectively. The detected pathogens were found resistant against different antibiotics especially to third and fourth generations of cephalosporin and other beta-lactam drugs. When assessed invitro, the low incidence of pathogens in the Dahi samples were associated to its inhibitory effect against pathogens. Dahi samples also inhibited the growth of antibiotic resistance ATCC strains. The inhibitory activity of the Dahi is due to the changes occurs during fermentation but not corelated to the pH of the Dahi.
An analysis of correction methods for emission contamination in PET postinjection transmission measurement

Three techniques for estimation of emission contamination in PET postinjection transmission scans (PITSs) were evaluated and compared. For PET scanners with electronic windowing of events that intersect the transmission rod source locations, the emission contamination can be estimated by: (1) the emission data taken either before or after the transmission scan, using a sinogram window mask to correct for the rod position and window width; (2) the emission data taken concurrently with the transmission data and a similar sinogram window mask; (3) utilizing a windowed transmission scan with cold rods, or "mock" scan. These techniques have been evaluated with phantom experiments to simulate a wide range of residual activities and object sizes.
Pair-wise automatic registration of three-dimensional laser scanning data from historical building by created two-dimensional images

Abstract. Registration of a point cloud is a great challenge in the process of laser scanning data. So far, many registration methods have been introduced by range data, integrated camera image, and a combination of them. Moreover, the automatic registration of three-dimensional point clouds is an important research topic in both geomatics and computer sciences. In this study, keypoint-based registration of point clouds was introduced. Intensity images were created from the laser scanning data, and then a pair-wise automatic registration was performed with the keypoints extracted from the intensity images by a scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) and affine SIFT (ASIFT). The results were compared with the iterative closest point, which has high accuracy and is the extensively adopted method for the pair-wise registration. Consequently, SIFT and ASIFT keypoints which were extracted from intensity images can be exploited to pair-wise automatic registration of the point clouds.
Relationships between objective acoustic indices and acoustic comfort evaluation in nonacoustic spaces

Much attention has been paid to acoustic spaces such as concert halls and recording studios, whereas research on nonacoustic buildings/spaces has been rather limited, especially from the viewpoint of acoustic comfort. In this research a series of case studies has been carried out on this topic, considering various spaces including shopping mall atrium spaces, library reading rooms, football stadia, swimming spaces, churches, dining spaces, as well as urban open public spaces. The studies focus on the relationships between objective acoustic indices such as sound pressure level and reverberation time and perceptions of acoustic comfort. The results show that the acoustic atmosphere is an important consideration in such spaces and the evaluation of acoustic comfort may vary considerably even if the objective acoustic indices are the same. It is suggested that current guidelines and technical regulations are insufficient in terms of acoustic design of these spaces, and the relationships established from the .
Multiplicative factor analysis with a latent mixed model structure for air pollution exposure assessment

A primary objective of current air pollution research is the assessment of health effects related to specific sources of air particles, or particulate matter (PM). Because most PM health studies do not observe the activity of the pollution sources directly, investigators must infer pollution source contributions based on a complex mixture of exposure. Methods such as source apportionment and multivariate receptor modeling use standard factor analytic techniques to estimate the source‐specific contributions from a large number of observed chemical components. In the interest of a more flexible source apportionment, we propose a multiplicative factor analysis with a latent mixed model structure on the latent source contributions. A factor analysis with multiplicative errors serves to maintain the non‐negativity of the measured chemical concentrations. A mixed model on the latent source contributions provides for systematic effects on source contributions as well as an adjustment for residual correlation in the source‐specific exposures. In a simulation study, we examine the impact of (1) accounting for meteorological covariates and (2) adjusting for temporal correlation in the exposures on the estimation of the source profiles and the source contributions. Finally, we explore the influence of meteorological conditions on source‐specific exposures in an analysis of PM exposure data from an animal toxicology study. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing the difference between two Kolmogorov–Smirnov values in the context of receiver operating characteristic curves

The maximum vertical distance between a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and its chance diagonal is a common measure of effectiveness of the classifier that gives rise to this curve. This measure is known to be equivalent to a two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic; so the absolute difference D between two such statistics is often used informally as a measure of difference between the corresponding classifiers. A significance test of D is of great practical interest, but the available Kolmogorov–Smirnov distribution theory precludes easy analytical construction of such a significance test. We, therefore, propose a Monte Carlo procedure for conducting the test, using the binormal model for the underlying ROC curves. We provide Splus/R routines for the computation, tabulate the results for a number of illustrative cases, apply the methods to some practical examples and discuss some implications.
SU-E-J-107: SEMAC MRI Metal Artifact Reduction Technique for Radiotherapy Planning Using CT/MRI Fusion

Purpose: To assess the utility of SEMAC MRI metal artifact reduction technique for radiotherapy (RT) planning using CT/MRI fusion in patients with spine stabilisation devices. Methods: Conventional MRI spin‐echo (SE) sequences used for spinal cord delineation and radiotherapy planning in the spine were compared with a prototype implementation of Slice Encoding for Metal Artifact Correction (SEMAC) (WARP works‐in‐progress software package, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). Sequences were first optimised at 1.5T (Siemens MAGNETOM Aera) using a phantom constructed of a spine stabilisation device suspended in gelatin and then applied in patient studies (n=2). Both patient and phantom MRI series were co‐registered with spine CT data to assess artifact extent and geometrical image distortion. Registered data sets were assessed in terms of artifact size, distortions, image quality, visualisation of the spinal cord, spinal fluid, disease site and soft tissues adjacent to metal implants. Results: The optimal parameters were found as a compromise between artifact reduction and MRI acquisition time, while maintaining image quality comparable to conventional sequences: TR/TE 560/15ms, res: 0.8×0.8×4mm, GRAPPA=3, BW=587Hz/Px, 30 slices, TA=3:57min, SEMAC parameters: Slice encoding steps=4, Excitation & Refocusing RF duration=1500us, slice correction factor=1.2. The metal artifact volumes (signal voids and pile‐ups) were reduced using 2D SEMAC sequence on average by 43±16 % from 15.6±2.5 cm3 to 8.9±1.4 cm3. The difference in spinal cord, fluid and lesion volumes outlined using conventional and SEMAC sequences were 7±0.15, 2±0.42 and 35±3.11% respectively in the 6cm long spine sections affected by metallic artifacts. Conclusion: The work shows the importance of MRI metal artifact reduction techniques for reliable RT planning in the vicinity of metallic implants. The use of SEMAC sequence improves geometrical accuracy of outlined volumes in the presence of spine stabilization devices which degrade geometrical information from both CT and conventional SE MRI.
National Research Agenda for the Prevention of Occupational Hearing Loss—Part 1

Abstract The mission of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is to generate new knowledge in the field of occupational safety and health and to transfer that knowledge into practice for the betterment of workers. Since its establishment in 1970, NIOSH has provided national and world leadership in efforts to prevent occupational hearing loss. In 1996, NIOSH established the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA). Because occupational hearing loss is one of the most common occupational illnesses among American workers, it was identified as a priority research area, and a NORA Hearing Loss Team was established. The NORA Hearing Loss Team was composed of representatives from industry, academia, labor, professional organizations, and other governmental agencies. The team was tasked with developing a national research agenda for the prevention of occupational hearing loss. Each team member contributed to the original draft, which continued to evolve over time. The current document represents the culmination of several years of deliberation and revision with the goal of identifying needed research to prevent occupational hearing loss. This is Part 1 of the document, outlining research needs on the mechanisms and consequences of occupational exposure to noise and other ototoxicants.
Frequency domain and dynamic game methods for actuator/sensor selection in systems with sector nonlinearities

The purpose of the paper is to provide a method for placing actuators and sensors in systems with nonlinear dynamics wherein the choices for actuator and sensor locations are such that the resulting system is rendered dissipative. The proposed method casts the problem of actuator and sensor selection as a convex optimization problem and which ensures that the resulting transfer function of the linear component becomes strictly positive real. Hence for an actuator and/or sensor whose dynamics have sector bounded nonlinearities, an application of Popov's/circle criterion with a simple static feedback would ensure absolute stability. Furthermore, the nonlinear extension is formulated using dynamic game theory under partial state information.
Parallel reconstruction of the excitatory and inhibitory inputs received by single neurons reveals the synaptic basis of recurrent spiking

Self-sustained recurrent activity in cortical networks is thought to be important for multiple crucial processes, including circuit development and homeostasis. Yet, the precise relationship between the synaptic input patterns and the spiking output of individual neurons remains largely unresolved. Here, we developed, validated and applied a novel in vitro experimental platform and analytical procedures that provide – for individual neurons – simultaneous excitatory and inhibitory synaptic activity estimates during recurrent network activity. Our approach combines whole-network high-density microelectrode array (HD-MEA) recordings from rat neuronal cultures with patch clamping and enables a comprehensive mapping and characterization of active incoming connections to single postsynaptic neurons. We found that, during network states with excitation(E)-inhibition(I) balance, postsynaptic spiking coincided precisely with the maxima of fast fluctuations in the input E/I ratio. These spike-associated E/I ratio escalations were largely due to a rapid bidirectional change in synaptic inhibition that was modulated by the network-activity level. Our approach also uncovered the underlying circuit architecture and we show that individual neurons received a few key inhibitory connections – often from special hub neurons – that were instrumental in controlling postsynaptic spiking. Balanced network theory predicts dynamical regimes governed by small and rapid input fluctuation and featuring a fast neuronal responsiveness. Our findings – obtained in self-organized neuronal cultures – suggest that the emergence of these favorable regimes and associated network architectures is an inherent property of cortical networks in general.
A new algorithm based on metaheuristics for data clustering

This paper presents a new algorithm for clustering a large amount of data. We improved the ant colony clustering algorithm that uses an ant’s swarm intelligence, and tried to overcome the weakness of the classical cluster analysis methods. In our proposed algorithm, improvements in the efficiency of an agent operation were achieved, and a new function “cluster condensation” was added. Our proposed algorithm is a processing method by which a cluster size is reduced by uniting similar objects and incorporating them into the cluster condensation. Compared with classical cluster analysis methods, the number of steps required to complete the clustering can be suppressed to 1% or less by performing this procedure, and the dispersion of the result can also be reduced. Moreover, our clustering algorithm has the advantage of being possible even in a small-field cluster condensation. In addition, the number of objects that exist in the field decreases because the cluster condenses; therefore, it becomes possible to add an object to a space that has become empty. In other words, first, the majority of data is put on standby. They are then clustered, gradually adding parts of the standby data to the clustering data. The method can be adopted for a large amount of data. Numerical experiments confirmed that our proposed algorithm can theoretically applied to an unrestricted volume of data.
The theory of axisymmetric turbulence

This paper discusses a type of turbulence in a uniform stream which is next to isotropic turbulence in order of simplicity. Instead of spherical symmetry, or isotropy, axially symmetical turbulence possesses symmetry about an axis which in practice is usually the direction of mean flow. The analysis is developed with the aid of invariant theory, as suggested by a previous paper by Robertson. The form of the fundamental velocity correlation is obtained, and scales of axisymmetric turbulence are defined. The results of greatest practical interest concern the time rates of change of the mean squares of the lateral and longitudinal velocity components. The rates of change involve two terms, the first representing viscous dissipation, and the second representing a transfer of energy from one component to the other due to the finite correlation between the velocity and pressure at neighbouring points. The effect of the velocity-pressure correlation is to bring the two velocity components towards equality, while the effect of the viscous dissipation will only be towards equality if an inequality between the curvatures at the origin of two particular velocity correlation coefficient curves, both of which are measurable, is obeyed. The rates of change of the mean squares of the vorticity components are also obtained.
Pneumologische Rehabilitation bei chronisch-obstruktiven Atemwegserkrankungen

Pneumologische Rehabilitation ist eine evidenzbasierte interdisziplinäre Behandlung für Patienten mit chronischen Erkrankungen der Atmungsorgane, die Symptome aufweisen und in ihren Berufs- und Alltagstätigkeiten eingeschränkt sind. Ziele sind neben der Sicherung der beruflichen und sozialen Teilhabe u. a. die Verbesserung der Symptome, der Leistungsfähigkeit, der Lebensqualität sowie die funktionelle Optimierung.
Stratified analysis of correlated binary outcome data: a comparison of model dependent and robust tests of significance

Model dependent and robust test statistics constructed using a generalized estimating equations extension of logistic regression applicable to the analysis of correlated binary outcome data are shown to have relatively simple algebraic expressions in stratified analyses where all variables are measured at the cluster level These expressions are used to demonstrate the close relationship to standard procedures which assume that subjects responses are independent, to prove that the asymptotic validity of model dependent test statistics is assured if the average correlation between cluster members is constant, and that this assumption can be relaxed when there are the same number of subjects in each cluster.
Wireless ac magnetic markers for motion capturing

This paper reports on design criteria and characteristics of a wireless ac marker that will be used for a magnetic motion capturing system capable of sensing multiple markers. The calculation of generated magnetic fields agrees with experimental results, demonstrating usefulness for designing ac markers. These simulations indicate fields as large as 0.19 A/m can be generated at 0.1 m from the marker edge by using a ferrite of 1.5 mm diameter and a layer of 72 parallel windings of 0.11 mm diameter wire, where the copper losses are close to the core losses.
po-Bereitschaft zur Inanspruchnahme internetbasierter Unterstützung nach stationärer Behandlung – eine Querschnittstudie Attendance for Using Internet-Based Support After Inpatient Treatment – A Cross-Sectional Survey

Objective Examination of the attendance for using internet-based measures after inpatient treatment. Methods Cross-sectional-survey in former inpatients (N= 247). Results 44.9% are willing to use measures via videoconfer-ence, 34.7% via Chat, 50.0% via E-Mail and 38.0% as online-therapy. Attendance is lower in older age groups. Benefits regarding the introduced measures are seen mainly in the flexibility and disadvantages in the impersonal character. Conclusions A relevant share of especially younger pa-tients is willing to use internet-based measures.
Supersymmetry breaking at finite temperature: The Goldstone fermion

In this paper it is shown that supersymmetry is broken at any finite temperature. The current-algebra relations that indicate the presence of a Goldstone fermion are generalized to finite temperature in the real-time formalism. The existence of a massless pole in fermionic thermal Green's functions is thus predicted. Explicit calculations in several models confirm the existence of this Goldstone fermion at finite temperature. It is found that the residue at the p/sub . mu. / = 0 pole vanishes as the temperature goes to zero.
Conjugation‐Invariant Subspaces and Lie Ideals in Non‐Selfadjoint Operator Algebras

It is shown that a weakly closed subspace S of a nest algebra A is closed under conjugation by invertible elements in A, that is, a−1Sa=S if and only if S is a Lie ideal. A similar result holds for not‐necessarily‐closed subspaces of algebras of infinite multiplicity. An explicit characterisation of weakly closed Lie ideals in a nest algebra is given.