Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phase transitions in Ge-Sb phase change materials

Thin films of the phase change material Ge–Sb with Ge concentrations between 7.3 and 81.1 at. % were deposited by cosputtering from elemental targets. Their crystallization behavior was studied using time-resolved x-ray diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray reflectivity, profilometry, optical reflectivity, and resistivity versus temperature measurements. It was found that the crystallization temperature increases with Ge content. Calculations of the glass transition temperature (which is a lower limit for the crystallization temperature Tx) also show an increase with Ge concentration closely tracking the measured values of Tx. For low Ge content samples, Sb x-ray diffraction peaks occurred during a heating ramp at lower temperature than Ge diffraction peaks. The appearance of Ge peaks is related to Ge precipitation and agglomeration. For Ge concentrations of 59.3 at. % and higher, Sb and Ge peaks occurred at the same temperature. Upon crystallization, film mass.
Microparticle manipulation on the surface of a piezoceramic actuator

In this paper, a technique called piezoelectric interfacial particle manipulator (PIPM) for the manipulation of single and multiple microparticles on the surface of a piezoelectric actuator is demonstrated. The PIPM is capable of controlled manipulation of single and multiple microparticles ranging in size from 0.5 to 50 µm. Piezoelectrically excited bulk modes of vibration, ranging from 10 kHz to 2 MHz, are used to generate a complex distribution of manipulation forces acting in opposition to particle–surface normal adhesion and tangential frictional forces. The vibration of the PIPM is characterized using a finite element method (FEM) simulation and a theoretical study of the particle–surface interfacial forces. A comparative study of the manipulation forces and the adhesive particle–surface interfacial forces, measured using atomic force microscopy, is performed. The results confirm the ability of the PIPM to overcome adhesion forces ranging from 10 to 250 nN for particles ranging in radii from 10 to 30 µm. Furthermore, reproducible high throughput particle manipulation is demonstrated via the translation of a 25 µm stainless steel particle, over a distance 600 times its radius, with an average speed of 5 mm s−1. Experimental results correlated with theoretical expectations indicate that the PIPM can prove to be a versatile tool for the controlled non-destructive manipulation of single as well as multiple microparticles in the fields of biosensors, tissue engineering, biochips, micro-fabrication and MEMS devices.
ON THE PROBLEM OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ‘SUSTAINABLE’ AGRICULTURE IN MODERN ECONOMIC REALITIES

Sustainability of agriculture is one of the main directions of development of the industry, which today has a high relevance due to the fact that the industry itself, on the one hand, uses land as the main resource, on the other hand, there is a significant amount of waste in the production of agricultural products, which worsen the environment. Accordingly, the relevance of the topic under consideration is determined by the need to solve the problem of finding a balance between the need to intensify the level of agricultural production and the preservation of environmental well-being. The purpose of the work is to consider the problematic aspects of the development of “sustainable” agriculture in modern economic realities and identify ways to solve certain problems. In the course of the research, the works of various specialists in the field under consideration were analyzed, on the basis of which a review of the author’s positions regarding the problem under consideration was conducted. According to the results of the study, the following conclusion was made: the direction analysis of the sustainable agriculture development showed that in modern conditions it is necessary to focus on a set of indicators that will assess the level of decline in environmental well-being in a particular region and determine the directions of reducing the harmful impact of agriculture on the environment. However, taking into account the complex nature of agricultural systems and multidimensional sustainability issues, a single change in agriculture (for example, the introduction of a new technology or a new policy) can lead to multiple cascading impacts on three aspects of sustainability, and therefore some of the performance indicators may improve and others may worsen. Thus, understanding the compromises and synergies between indicators is crucial for policy makers when developing strategies aimed at ensuring sustainability.
CsTRM5 regulates fruit shape via mediating cell division direction and cell expansion in cucumber

Abstract Fruit shape and size are important appearance and yield traits in cucumber, but the underlying genes and their regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we identified a mutant with spherical fruits from an Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized library, named the qiu mutant. Compared with the cylindrical fruit shape in 32X (wild type), the fruit shape in qiu was round due to reduced fruit length and increased fruit diameter. MutMap analysis narrowed the candidate gene in the 6.47 MB range on Chr2, harboring the FS2.1 locus reported previously. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (11359603) causing a truncated protein of CsaV3_2G013800, the homolog of tomato fruit shape gene SlTRM5, may underlie the fruit shape variation in the qiu mutant. Knockout of CsTRM5 by the CRISPR-Cas9 system confirmed that CsaV3_2G013800/CsTRM5 was the causal gene responsible for qiu. Sectioning analysis showed that the spherical fruit in qiu resulted mainly from increased and reduced cell division along the transverse and longitudinal directions, respectively. Meanwhile, the repressed cell expansion contributed to the decreased fruit length in qiu. Transcriptome profiling showed that the expression levels of cell-wall-related genes and abscisic acid (ABA) pathway genes were significantly upregulated in qiu. Hormone measurements indicated that ABA content was greatly increased in the qiu mutant. Exogenous ABA application reduced fruit elongation by inhibiting cell expansion in cucumber. Taken together, these data suggest that CsTRM5 regulates fruit shape by affecting cell division direction and cell expansion, and that ABA participates in the CsTRM5-mediated cell expansion during fruit elongation in cucumber.
The Low-Risk Effect in Equities: Evidence from Industry Data in an Earlier Time

Abstract Recently, there has been discussion of a “replication crisis” in Finance, where many empirical results in financial research are said not to be replicable. Previous research finds that low-risk stocks have higher returns than higher-risk stocks on a risk-adjusted basis. We reexamine the low-risk effect using a unique dataset for U.S. industries from 1871 to 1925. We confirm the presence of the effect for portfolios of U.S. industries, indicating that the low-risk effect is not due to data mining in previous studies. Comparing the results to that for more recent data, we find that the overall effect is at least as strong in the earlier data. Given that some market frictions were fewer in the earlier period, the results suggest that implicit trading costs, illiquidity, and/or behavioral biases may play an important role in the low-risk effect.
Radiation and the Irreversible Thermodynamics of Climate

Abstract Attempts to link the theory of irreversible thermodynamics to the study of climate have utilized an entity which has been identified as the entropy production rate. However, this entity does not properly account for irreversibility due to the interaction of the radiation field with matter, that is, changes in the entropy of the radiation field, which cannot in general be properly described by the thermodynamic relations, are not accounted for. Calculations show that the entity used in these attempts deviates substantially from the correct rate of entropy production, both in terms of magnitude and sensitivity.
Quantum mechanical effects in the silicon quantum dot in a single-electron transistor

The quantum mechanical effects in silicon single-electron transistors have been investigated. The devices have been fabricated in the form of point contact metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors with various channel widths using electron beam lithography and the anisotropic etching technique on silicon-on-insulator substrates. The device with an extremely narrow channel shows Coulomb blockade oscillations at room temperature. At low temperatures, negative differential conductances and fine structures are superposed on the device characteristics, which are attributed to the quantum mechanical effects in the silicon quantum dot in the channel. The energy spectrum of the dot is extracted from the experimental results.
Three-dimensional printing as a cutting-edge, versatile and personalizable vascular stent manufacturing procedure: Toward tailor-made medical devices

Vascular stents (VS) have revolutionized the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, as evidenced by the fact that the implantation of VS in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients has become a routine, easily approachable surgical intervention for the treatment of stenosed blood vessels. Despite the evolution of VS throughout the years, more efficient approaches are still required to address the medical and scientific challenges, especially when it comes to peripheral artery disease (PAD). In this regard, three-dimensional (3D) printing is envisaged as a promising alternative to upgrade VS by optimizing the shape, dimensions and stent backbone (crucial for optimal mechanical properties), making them customizable for each patient and each stenosed lesion. Moreover, the combination of 3D printing with other methods could also upgrade the final device. This review focuses on the most recent studies using 3D printing techniques to produce VS, both by itself and in combination with other techniques. The final aim is to provide an overview of the possibilities and limitations of 3D printing in the manufacturing of VS. Furthermore, the current situation of CAD and PAD pathologies is also addressed, thus highlighting the main weaknesses of the already existing VS and identifying research gaps, possible market niches and future directions.
Variable Radius Drum Mechanisms

This paper presents the concept of variable radius drum mechanisms (VRDMs). A drum, or spool, consists of a spindle with flanges, around which a cable is wound. The cylindrical surface of an ordinary spool has a constant radius. In a variable radius drum (VRD), the radius of the spool varies along its profile. Properties of such devices are discussed, as well as the kinematic analysis and synthesis. The main contribution of the work is the theory of the VRD synthesis problem, rooted in a closed-form analytical solution. In order to highlight the benefits of VRDMs, two applications are presented and analyzed as examples. The first example consists of a mechanism which can support and guide a load along a horizontal linear path. The second example shows a solution to improve the locomotion of a legged robot. Finally, a prototype is made on the basis of the first case scenario and its performance is evaluated and discussed, showing a remarkable accuracy, with a deviation from the nominal trajectory of less than 1%.
Maximum-likelihood fitting of the 6dFGS peculiar velocities

Abstract We develop a robust Bayesian model to derive peculiar velocities and Fundamental Plane (FP) distances for a subsample of 9000 galaxies from the 6dF Galaxy Survey (6dFGS). These galaxies form the basis of 6dFGSv, the largest and most uniform galaxy peculiar-velocity sample to date. We perform a Bayesian analysis of the data set as a whole, determining cosmological parameters from the peculiar-velocity field (e.g., fitting β and the bulk flow), by comparing to the field predicted from the redshift survey and assuming that the galaxy distribution traces the matter distribution.
Pain and Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport in Elite Volleyball Players: A Cross-Sectional Study

Pain is modulated by multiple factors. A relevant psychological process peculiar to athletes and which could be associated with pain is Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport (PRRS). The analysis of this association in competition context is particularly important. Objective: To determine the correlation between the PRRS and pain intensity in elite volleyball players during their participation in a continental sporting event. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data from 107 male volleyball players (23.50 ± 4.08 years of age) participating in the South American Volleyball Championship were used. The athletes answered a self-report questionnaire on the day the championship began regarding their history of injuries in the previous six months. The athletes who declared injuries were asked about the current pain intensity using the Pain Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport using the Injury-Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport scale (I-PRRS). Results: 43.93% (n = 47) of the athletes (23.70 ± 3.54 years) reported an injury in the six months prior to the championship. They presented a median on the NRS of three (interquartile range (IQR), 2–5), and 54 (IQR, 46–58) on the I-PRRS. The Spearman’s Rho correlation test showed an inversely and moderate correlation (rs = −0.36; p = 0.011; CI: −0.64–−0.08) between pain intensity and PRRS. Conclusions: In male elite volleyball players who participate in a Continental Championship in South America, higher levels of PRRS was correlated to lower pain intensity.
Brownian motions in a Lie group

The notion of Brownian motions has been introduced by N. Wiener [1] [2] in the case of the real number space (or more generally the n-space)and by P. Lvy [3] in the ease of the circle. We shall here extend this notion in the ease of a general Lie group. 1. Definition ,and fundamental theorems. Let G be an ndimensional Lie group. A random process r(t) in G is called o be a right (left) invariant Brownian motion in G, if it satisfies the following five conditions M, C, T, $ and C*. M. r(t) is a simple Markoff process; we denote the transition probability law of r(t) with F(t, p, s. E) i.e.
The arithmetic theory of algebraic groups

CONTENTS Introduction ? 1. Arithmetic groups ? 2. Ad? le groups ? 3. Tamagawa numbers ? 4. Approximations in algebraic groups ? 5. Class numbers and class groups of algebraic groups ? 6. The genus problem in arithmetic groups ? 7. Classification of maximal arithmetic subgroups ? 8. The congruence problem ? 9. Groups of rational points over global fields ? 10. Galois cohomology and the Hasse principle ? 11. Cohomology of arithmetic groups References
Intelligent Anti-Money Laundering Fraud Control Using Graph-Based Machine Learning Model for the Financial Domain

Financial domains are suffering from organized fraudulent activities that are inflicting the world on a larger scale. Basel Anti-Money Laundering (AML) index enlists 146 countries, which are impacted by criminal acts like money laundering, and represents the country's risk level with a notable deteriorating trend over the last five years. Despite AML being a substantially focused area, only a fraction of such activities has been prevented. Because financial data related to this field is concealed, access is limited and protected by regulatory authorities. This paper aims to study a graph-based machine-learning model to identify fraudulent transactions using the financial domain's synthetic dataset (100K nodes, 5.3M edges). Graph-based machine learning with financial datasets resulted in promising 77-79% accuracy with a limited feature set. Even better results can be achieved by enriching the feature vector. This exploration further leads to pattern detection in the graph, which is a step toward AML detection.
Electromigration kinetics and critical current of Pb-free interconnects

Electromigration kinetics of Pb-free solder bump interconnects have been studied using a single bump parameter sweep technique. By removing bump to bump variations in structure, texture, and composition, the single bump sweep technique has provided both activation energy and power exponents that reflect atomic migration and interface reactions with fewer samples, shorter stress time, and better statistics than standard failure testing procedures. Contact metallurgies based on Cu and Ni have been studied. Critical current, which corresponds to the Blech limit, was found to exist in the Ni metallurgy, but not in the Cu metallurgy. A temperature dependence of critical current was also observed.
Distributed Gossip-Triggered Control for Robot Swarms With Limited Communication Range

Robot swarms usually work in uncertain and unstructured environments. It is challenging to control the robot swarm to accomplish multiple tasks in the shortest possible time when the task operation duration is unknown, and the communication network is time varying and possibly disconnected. To this end, a new distributed gossip-triggered control (DGTC) method is proposed. Robots mimic human gossip behavior to disseminate and aggregate local information while triggering decisions to reduce task conflicts and system costs. The swarm dynamics, including discrete decisions and continuous trajectory, are formulated as a giant switched system. On this basis, the system stability and convergence of the DGTC are proved, and a criterion to balance the convergence rate and communication burden is given. More importantly, robot swarms can balance the workload between individuals by self-regulating the number of active agents to match the remaining tasks, thus ensuring a tight schedule without any time knowledge. Simulation results demonstrate the advantages of DGTC in generating tight schedules, and experiments conducted with Mecanum cars validate the effectiveness in dealing with time uncertainties.
Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals and Children’s Health

We are all exposed to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) starting from embryonic life. The fetus and child set up crucial developmental processes allowing adaptation to the environment throughout life: they are extremely sensitive to very low doses of hormones and EDCs because they are developing organisms. Considering the developmental origin of well-being and diseases, every adult organism expresses consequences of the environment in which it developed. The molecular mechanisms through which the main EDCs manifest their effects and their potential association with endocrine disorders, such as diabetes, obesity, thyroid disease and alteration of adrenal hormones, will be reviewed here. Despite 40 years having passed since the first study on EDCs, little is yet known about them; therefore, our purpose is to take stock of the situation to establish a starting point for further studies. Since there is plenty of evidence showing that exposure to EDCs may adversely impact the health of adults and children through altered endocrine function—suggesting their link to endocrinopathies—it is essential in this context to bear in mind what is already known about endocrine disruptors and to deepen our knowledge to establish rules of conduct aimed at limiting exposure to EDCs’ negative effects. Considering that during the COVID-19 pandemic an increase in endocrine disruptor effects has been reported, it will also be useful to address this new phenomenon for better understanding its basis and limiting its consequences.
First-Principles Study of the Quasi-Particle and Excitonic Effect in o-BC2N: The GW + BSE Study

Ternary boron-carbon-nitride compounds are the hardest, chemically stable, and most applicable semiconductors in optoelectronic devices. We investigate the quasi-particle and excitonic properties of type II o-BC2N using many-body perturbation theory (MBPT). The state-of-the-art GW and BSE methods were used to determine the accurate band gap and excited-state characteristics of this material. We simulate the convergence test and structural optimization in DFT, which is the starting point for the GW calculation. We also compute the convergence test of the parameters in GW and BSE. As a result, the bandgap of our system is found to be 2.31 eV and 1.95 eV using the GW approximation and DFT-PBE, respectively. Since the valence and conduction band edges are located at different Brillouin zones, we decide that o-BC2N is an indirect bandgap semiconductor. In addition, by applying the scissor operator, we corrected the quasi-particle bandgap, which shows almost the same result as the GW approximation. Furthermore, using the BSE algorithm, we calculate the optical bandgap of type II o-BC2N to be 4.0 eV with the excitonic effect and 4.4 eV without the excitonic effect. The highest peaks of the imaginary dielectric function with the excitonic effect shift to a lower energy level at 11 eV than without the excitonic effect at 13.5 eV. The electron charge distribution is computed by fixing the hole position. Finally, we suggest that type II o-BC2N is promising for the application of optoelectronic semiconductors.
Slab waveguide with air core layer and anisotropic left-handed material claddings as a sensor

A three-layer slab waveguide with air core layer and anisotropic left-handed material claddings is investigated for sensing applications. Different from the waveguide mode sensors and surface plasmon resonance sensors in which the analyte is placed in the evanescent field region, the proposed sensor contains the sample in the core region that supports the oscillating field. Due to the strong concentration of the electromagnetic field in the analyte medium, the proposed device exhibits unusual sensitivity enhancement. The simulations revealed that the sensitivity improvement of TE3 mode compared to conventional evanescent wave sensor is approximately a factor of 20.
Pengetahuan, Fitur Produk Dan Kebutuhan Produk Terhadap Keinginan Mengunakan Jasa Layanan Bank Syariah di Pondok Pesantren

Sharia banking as a national asset grows 9.22% in 2020 in Muslim-majority countries, the aim of this research is to find out the effect of knowledge, product features and the need for the desire to use sharia banking financing and funding products in the city of Padang Panjang, which is predominantly a Muslim community. This type of descriptive quantitative research using a questionnaire technique, the population of Islamic boarding school teachers is 211 people and the research sample is 138 people, multiple linear analysis techniques. Analysis with validity, reliability and multiple linear regression analysis techniques. Research results individually have no significant effect on making prospective customers use Islamic bank services, but prospective customers want to use Islamic banking services because there is a need for bank products
Locally trivial homotopy functors and their domain of representation

Abstract The well known theorem of E. H. Brown on the representation of Homotopy Functors is extended to a larger domain category. This is accomplished by requiring the functor to satisfy a further condition, that of being locally trivial: the condition is both necessary and sufficient for the extension and is satisfied by functors arising from locally trivial fibre bundles such as K-theory.
Axiomatic Price Index Theory: A Survey

Cet article propose une revue de la litterature sur la «theorie axiomatique de l'indice des prix (et des quantites)». Dans cette theorie, un indice de prix est une fonction des prix et des quantites de la periode de base et de la periode de reference, fonction qui doit repondre a certaines contraintes (axiomes et/ou tests). Les principales conclusions sont: (1.) la condition de circularite implique que les indices de prix ne peuvent pas dependre des quantites de la periode de base ou de la periode de reference; (2.) retenu l'indice de prix de Fisher comme le meilleur indice n'apparait pas comme une conclusion evidente; (3.) l'utilisation des indices de Laspeyres et de Paasche dans les systemes statistiques officiels est legitimee