Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Radiation Response between 2D and 3D Cell Culture Models of Different Human Cancer Cell Lines

Radiation therapy is one of the most effective tools in cancer therapy. However, success varies individually, necessitating improved understanding of radiobiology. Three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroids are increasingly gaining attention, being a superior in vitro cancer model compared to 2D cell cultures. This in vitro study aimed at comparing radiation responses in 2D and 3D cell culture models of different human cancer cell lines (PC-3, LNCaP and T-47D) irradiated with varying doses (1, 2, 4, 6, 8 or 20 Gy) of X-ray beams. Radiation response was analyzed by growth analysis, various cell viability assays (e.g., clonogenic assay, resazurin assay) and amount of DNA damage (γH2AX Western Blot). Results showed decreasing cell proliferation with the increase of radiation doses for all cell lines in monolayers and spheroids of LNCaP and T-47D. However, significantly lower radiosensitivity was detected in spheroids, most pronounced in PC-3, evincing radiation resistance of PC-3 spheroids up to 8 Gy and significant growth inhibition only by a dose escalation of 20 Gy. Cell line comparison showed highest radiosensitivity in LNCaP, followed by T-47D and PC-3 in 2D, whereas, in 3D, T-47D showed highest sensitivity. The results substantiate the significant differences in radiobiological response to X-rays between 2D and 3D cell culture models.
Evaluation and Optimization of Quality Based on the Physicochemical Characteristics and Metabolites Changes of Qingpi during Storage

Qingpi, the dried immature pericarp of Citrus reticulata Blanco, is a commonly used medicinal food with some health-promoting benefits. In general, it is essential that Qingpi be stored for a period of time, but there are no reports about the number of storage years needed to obtain the best quality of Qingpi. Our aim was to determine the best storage time of Qingpi by studying the physicochemical properties and metabolite changes in product stored from 1 to 5 years. As a result, the color of Qingpi became darker during storage. Both the levels of three flavonoids (hesperidin, nobiletin, and tangeretin) and total flavonoids (TFs) and the antioxidant activity decreased during storage and the total phenolics (TPs) content fluctuated during storage. Cluster analysis was performed on the color parameters measured using a color difference meter, revealing that the color of Qingpi differed before and after 3 years of storage. A total of 9 special differential metabolites were identified that could be used to distinguish the storage years of Qingpi. This is the first study to report the quality changes of Qingpi during storage. The optimized results of the quality evaluation indicated that Qingpi should be stored for no more than 3 years.
Shapes of You? Investigating the Acceptance of Video-Based AAL Technologies Applying Different Visualization Modes

An aged population, increasing care needs, and a lack of (in)formal caregivers represent major challenges for our society today. Addressing these challenges fuels efforts and developments in innovative technologies leading to various existing AAL applications aiming at improving autonomy, independence, and security in older age. Here, the usage of video-based AAL technologies is promising as detailed information can be obtained and analyzed. Simultaneously, this type of technology is strongly connected with privacy concerns due to fears of unauthorized data access or inappropriate use of recorded data potentially resulting in rejection and non-use of the applications. As privacy-preserving visualizations of video data can diminish those concerns, this empirical study examines the acceptance and privacy perceptions of video-based AAL technology applying different visualization modes for privacy preservation (n = 161). These visualization modes differed in their degrees of visibility and identifiability, covering different levels of privacy preservation (low level: “Blurred” mode; medium level: “Pixel” and “Grey” modes; high level: “Avatar” mode) and are specifically evaluated based on realistic video sequences. The results of our study indicate a rather low acceptance of video-based AAL technology in general. From the diverse visualization modes, the “Avatar” mode is most preferred as it is perceived as best suitable to protect and preserve the users’ privacy. Beyond that, distinct clusters of future users were identified differing in their technology evaluation as well as in individual characteristics (i.e., privacy perception, technology commitment). The findings support the understanding of potential users’ needs for a successful future design, development, and implementation of video-based, but still privacy-preserving AAL technology.
Optimal system of Lie group invariant solutions for the Asian option PDE

Asian options are useful financial products as they guard against large price manipulations near the termination date of the contract. In addition, they are often cheaper than their vanilla European counterparts. Previous analyses of the Asian option partial differential equation (PDE) have obtained analytical solutions for the fixed strike (arithmetically averaged) Asian option (and then only with certain assumptions on the boundary conditions). Using Lie symmetry analysis we obtain an optimal system of Lie point symmetries and demonstrate that many (usually ad hoc) reductions of the Asian option PDE are contained in this minimal set. We analyse each reduction member and the feasibility of its resulting invariant solution with the boundary conditions. We show that the numerical simulations on a reduced equation are more efficient than on the original specified problem. In addition, we have found new analytical solutions in terms of Fourier transforms for the floating strike Asian option as well as the fixed strike Asian option without the simplification of the domain. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consortium effect of Jatropha curcas seed husk and its endophyte Aspergillus niger on biosorption of manganese and nickel from wastewater

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the manganese and nickel biosorption capacities of Jatropha curcas seed husk and its endophyte Aspergillus niger. We found that the optimum concentrations for Mn to be adsorbed by J. curcas seed husk and A. niger dry biomasses were 1.1 and 3.3 mg/L, respectively. For Ni, they were 4.56 and 6.84 mg/L, respectively. The highest biosorption capacities for J. curcas seed husk and A. niger were observed at pH 6 and 8, respectively, for Mn, and 4-8 and 6, respectively, for Ni. The highest removal percentages of Mn by J. curcas seed husk and A. niger biomasses were at 30°C and 40°C, respectively, whereas for Ni, they were 30–60°C, and 50 and 60°C, respectively. Augmentation of both biosorbents resulted in 100% removal of Ni. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy verified the bioremediation ability of both biosorbents.
The dynamics of athletic performance, fitness and fatigue

We provide a mathematical dynamic model of athletic performance, fitness and fatigue based on the two well-known principles ‘train to failure’ and ‘use it or lose it’. The anabolic and catabolic processes are modelled with differential equations. Fitness is defined as muscle fitness. We model the work power of any muscle or set of muscles, and the muscle's maximum work power. Parameters are estimated and we present analytical and numerical results. The relationships between performance, fitness and fatigue are demonstrated for various activity scenarios. For example, the model quantifies the exact manner in which the optimal rest period can be determined to maximize the performance on a given day. The model provides realistic predictions, and constitutes a powerful tool which describes the processes by which performance, fitness and fatigue can be regulated and controlled.
From Lab-Testing to Web-Testing in Cognitive Research: Who You Test is More Important than how You Test

The transition to web-testing, although promising, entails many new concerns. Web-testing is harder to monitor, so researchers need to ensure that the quality of the data collected is comparable to the quality of data typically achieved by lab-testing. Our study yields a novel contribution to this issue, by being the first to distinguish between the impact of web-testing and the impact of sourcing individuals from different participant pools, including crowdsourcing platforms. We presented a fairly general working memory task to 196 MTurk participants, 300 Prolific participants, and 255 students from the University of Geneva, allowing for a comparison of data quality across different participant pools. Among university students, 215 were web-tested, and 40 were lab-tested, allowing for a comparison of testing modalities within the same participant pool. Data quality was measured by assessing multiple data characteristics (i.e., reaction time, accuracy, anomalous values) and the presence of two behavioral benchmark effects. Our results revealed that who you test (i.e., participant pool) is more important than how you test (i.e., testing modality). Concerning how you test, our results showed that web-testing incurs a small, yet acceptable loss of data quality compared to lab-testing. Concerning who you test, Prolific participants were almost indistinguishable from web-tested students, but MTurk participants differed drastically from the other pools. Our results therefore encourage the use of web-testing in the domain of cognitive psychology, even when using complex paradigms. Nevertheless, these results urge for caution regarding how researchers select web-based participant pools when conducting online research.
Microwave Emission from Metal Photonic Crystals Fabricated by using Stereolithography

Micro-scale photonic crystals composed of pure copper for microwave emission control were fabricated by using micro-stereolithography system and sintering process. As a crystal structure, we designed diamond lattice structure with or without stretched lattice spacing. Diamond lattices exhibited common bandgap where electromagnetic wave can not propagate at any direction. Stretched lattices showed directional transmission property. Simulated and measured transmission properties of microwave propagating through the metal photonic crystals showed good agreements.
Wall Effect in Falling Ball Method for Viscosity

The wall effect for balls falling in a vertical cylindrical tube in a viscous fluid has been studied and expressed as an empirical function of the ratio of radii of the ball and tube. This function agrees well with observations at least to a ratio of 0.83 as compared with 0.09, the limit of agreement of Ladenburg's formula. The wall effect is probably independent of the absolute radii of the ball and tube and only slightly dependent upon the absolute viscosity. The bottom effect is negligible. For liquids of high viscosity the revised formula is η=2gR2(ρ1−ρ2)(1−R/r)2.25/9u.
Induced Seismicity by Groundwater Extraction at the Dead Sea Fault, Jordan

The earthquake sequence, with a maximum earthquake magnitude of MW 3.8, that occurred during January–February 2022 at the northern Dead Sea fault, is shown to be induced by extensive groundwater abstraction in Wadi Al‐Arab basin. Wadi Al‐Arab basin, which is bordered in the west by the Dead Sea fault, has been overexploited by extensive groundwater abstraction causing significant drawdowns. Relative earthquake relocation indicates an elongated S‐N sequence subparallel to the Dead Sea fault. We simulate the three‐dimensional hydraulic head changes in the past 40 years at Wadi al Arab basin. Results show that the drawdowns at the Dead Sea fault wells reached a value greater than 180 m. We use these results to further model the poroelastic effects of the drawdown on the stability of the Dead Sea fault using a typical fault architecture including fault core surrounded by damage zone. Upward groundwater drainage through the permeable damage zone leads to compaction and strengthening. Failure on the Dead Sea fault is expected to occur on the impermeable fault core or at the protholith where weakening is expected. Groundwater abstraction in Wadi Al‐Arab basin cause changes of a few MPa in the Coulmb Failure Stress (ΔCFS) and trigger seismicity in these sections. This is the second location along the Dead Sea fault where groundwater abstraction was shown to recently induce earthquakes. With growing demand for water and long lasting droughts in the Middle East, seismicity induced by groundwater abstraction might reoccur in the near future.
Tuning turbines in a tidal channel

As tidal turbine farms grow they interact with the larger scale flow along a channel by increasing the channel's drag coefficient. This interaction limits a channel's potential to produce power. A 1D model for a tidal channel is combined with a theory for turbines in a channel to show that the tuning of the flow through the turbines and the density of turbines in a channel's cross-section also interact with the larger scale flow, via the drag coefficient, to determine the power available for production. To maximise turbine efficiency, i.e. the power available per turbine, farms must occupy the largest fraction of a channel's cross-section permitted by navigational and environmental constraints. Maximising of power available with these necessarily densely packed farms requires turbines to be tuned for a particular channel and turbine density. The optimal through-flow tuning fraction varies from near 1/3 for small farms occupying a small fraction of the cross-section, to near 1 for large farms occupying most of the cross-section. Consequently, tunings are higher than the optimal through-flow tuning of 1/3 for an isolated turbine from the classic turbine theory. Large optimally tuned farms can realise most of a channel's potential. Optimal tunings are dependent on the number of turbines per row, the number of rows, as well as the channel geometry, the background bottom friction coefficient and the tidal forcing.
Patterns of Hba1c Levels in Normoglycemic Offspring of T2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Background: The risk of developing diabetes mellitus for an individual with a positive family history of the disease is two- to fourfold higher in an offspring of a diabetic compared with offspring of non-diabetic shown by serum glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. There is paucity of data on pre-diabetes in our environment. Objectives: This study was designed to determine the baseline HbA1c levels of normoglycemic offspring of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Ijebu-ode, Nigeria. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of offspring of T2DM patients (ODP) and those of offspring of non-diabetic parents (ONDP). Diabetic offspring were exempted from the study. FBS was determined using enzymatic hexokinase method to determine glucose concentrations and exclude diabetes. Serum HbA1c was measured using standard method. Height and weight were measured using standard methods. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Results: There were 100 ODP and 100 ONDP aged 16 to 40 years. The most populated aged group was 21 to25 years which is 44% (n=88). 6% (n=12) of the study group were obese. 19% were overweight (n=38). The mean weight of ODP was significantly higher than that of ONDP (P=0.020). Also, the mean HBA1c of ODP was significantly higher than that of ONDP (P<0.001). Conclusion: The serum HbA1c level was significantly higher among ODP than ONDP. The mean weight was significantly higher in ODP than ONDP.
Scattering Analysis of the Large Array Antennas Using the Synthetic Basis Function Method

A novel approach for scattering analysis of the large array antennas is introduced, which is based on the synthetic basis functions (SBFS). Based on the solution of the electromagnetic problems, the method accomplishes regional partition of the geometrical and physical structure of the model and brings in an equivalent current source to take the coupling between elements into consideration, thus obtains the space of the SBFS. Compared with the conventional partition of the matrix, the method proposed in this paper can further release the heavy burden on the CPU in terms of memory and time. The accuracy and efficiency of the SBFS are demonstrated in a variety of scattering problems compared with the traditional MoM. So this method can be used to effectively analyze the scattering problem of the large array antennas.
Investigation of the mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete containing recycled steel springs; experimental and numerical investigation

Abstract Improving the performance of concrete on the one hand and preventing harmful effects on the environment, on the other hand, has caused that in this paper, the effect of adding the galvanized low carbon steel springs with different diameters, pitches and mixing percentages on the mechanical properties of the self-compacting concrete (SCC) is investigated. For this purpose, springs with diameters of 8, 12 and 16 mm, wire thickness of 0.8 mm, and two, four and six pitches in percentages of 0.2 and 0.4 were added to the SCC. Then, the compressive, tensile and flexural strength tests were performed on the specimens. The results indicated that the use of a 12 mm-diameter spring increased the compressive, tensile and flexural strengths by 29, 52 and 36%, respectively, but surprisingly, the inclusion of a 16 mm-diameter spring did not affect the mechanical properties. Moreover, it was found that the diameter of the springs is the most effective parameter on the concrete strength and the number of spring pitches cannot solely cause an increase or decrease in the strength. After performing the experimental tests, the data was collected to predict the mechanical properties of the SCC using Gene Expression Programming (GEP). Then, the proposed equations were validated. The numerical results indicated that the relative errors of the compressive, tensile, and flexural strength models were less than 10%, which proved the high capability of the Genetic Algorithm (GA).
Optimal and sub‐optimal rate and power allocation for random networks

We consider the power and rate allocation for a transmission in a wireless network where the transmitter knows the channel state of the desired receiver but only knows the statistics of the interferes. While this scenario is often encountered in practice, and extremely important in dense networks, its optimal solution was not yet known. The analysis considers nodes that are distributed according to a homogeneous Poisson point process, and hence applies both to cellular and to ad‐hoc networks. We derive (for the first time) the optimal power allocation at a node, based only on the channel gain to its desired receiver. We also derive the optimal rate allocation in networks that are characterized by the outage rate model. Considering sub‐optimal allocations, we advocate the use of the simple threshold scheduling scheme for power allocation and linear rate adaptation for rate allocation. We prove that these suboptimal schemes are close to optimal, for any channel fading. We also present simulation results over Rayleigh fading channels that show a maximum loss of 1.5% between the advocated schemes and the optimal schemes.
A deterministic ray tube method for microcellular wave propagation prediction model

In this paper, we present a new and very fast ray-tracing method using a ray tube tree, which is based on uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD) and can solve some of the problems that other ray-tracing methods have. It is developed for quasi three-dimensional (3-D) environments and can be applied to any complex propagation environment composed of arbitrary-shaped buildings and streets. It finds all propagation paths from a transmitter to a receiver extensively with very high computation efficiency. It is fundamentally a point-to-point tracing method, so reception tests are not required and it guarantees high accuracy. To validate our ray-tracing method, signal path loss and root mean square (rms) delay spread were computed in the downtown core of Ottawa, Canada, and they were also compared with the published measurements. The results of the proposed method in this paper show good agreement with the measurements. The computation time required to obtain a path loss map in the site is revealed to be very short in comparison with other methods.
Sampling Errors in Rainfall Estimates by Multiple Satellites

Abstract This paper examines the sampling characteristics of combining data collected by several low-orbiting satellites attempting to estimate the spacetime average of rain rates. The several satellites can have different orbital and swath-width parameters. The satellite overpasses are allowed to make partial coverage snapshots of the grid box with each overpass. Such partial visits are considered in an approximate way, letting each intersection area fraction of the grid box by a particular satellite swath be a random variable with mean and variance parameters computed from exact orbit calculations. The derivation procedure is based upon the spectral minimum mean-square error formalism introduced by North and Nakamoto. By using a simple parametric form for the spacetime spectral density, simple formulas are derived for a large number of examples, including the combination of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission with an operational sun-synchronous orbiter. The approximations and results are discussed.
Greener and sustainable self-compaction concrete: A review on performance at elevated temperatures

Self-compacting concrete (SCC), highly flow-able engineer-friendly concrete that have moderate viscosity, low yield stress, good segregation resistance, and high deformability. SCC is a composition of high amounts of cement, mineral admixtures, fine aggregate, water, super-plasticizer, and coarse aggregate. Mineral admixtures obtained from agricultural and industrial by-products and or waste materials are primarily used as filler materials and or pozzolanic materials for increasing the slurry or cementitious paste in SCC. Many high-rise concrete structures or plain concrete structures and or reinforced concrete structures are nowadays constructed by using SCC. Hence, considering its fresh and hardened properties, materials used, and importance in the construction industry, understanding the behaviour of SCC after exposure to elevated or high temperatures is of utmost importance and gaining attention. In SCC, explosive spalling was mainly caused by the stress developed, water to binder ratio and cement binder ratio. Higher amounts of powder content in SCC reduced the porosity and made SCC more vulnerable and susceptible to spalling. The strain values of SCC are enhanced by the increase in temperature. Higher reduction in strength values are observed with non-destructive testing than destructive tests. The scanning electron microscope of SCC revealed that the stiffness ratio between aggregates and cement matrix reduced with elevated temperature, which results in reducing the interaction transition zone. Finally, from the literature review, it may be concluded that the degradation mechanism of SCC when subjected to elevated temperatures is similar to the conventional concrete.