Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review Article

This work was published as long ago as 1983, but because it addresses a topic of current concern to all in the field the revision of the International Phonetic Alphabet -it seems appropriate to review it, with the author's agreement , even after a gap of five years. Nevertheless, the delay between its publication and its review means that some of my comments on its content are inevitably based on knowledge which cannot now be ignored, but which could not have been available to the author; this should be borne in mind during what follows. La Notazione Fonetica is presented as a textbook, aiming to train the reader in close phonetic transcription by means of descriptions of articulatory gestures, diagrams of vocal tract configurations and examples and exercises, with illustrative material contained on two compact cassettes. Its originality lies in the transcription system proposed, which is Canepari's own expansion of the IPA; the work therefore also serves as an explanation of, and justification for, this expansion. In presenting new proposals as a student textbook Canepari is following an old tradition, but I fear that in this case he has fully succeeded neither in producing a work which offers easy access to phonetic transcription for the neophyte, nor in arguing for his proposals, to which I return below, in a way which his colleagues will find convincing. The work is presented bilingually, with each of the twelve chapters in English followed immediately by its equivalent in Italian which is, judging from both internal and external evidence, the language in which it was first written. The diagrams and and figures, referred to by number in the text, come at the end of each Italian chapter. Two problems arise with this presentation. First, it is inconvenient to have to flick backwards and forwards between text and diagrams. For a student struggling to grasp basic but unfamiliar concepts this could be a handicap. More seriously, the unattributed translation into English, presumably Canepari's own, is frequently clumsy and sometimes opaque. For example, invece is twice rendered as 'on the contrary when 'on the other hand' would have been appropriate, and I doubt if many new students would be helped by the following extract from the introduction to the articulatory mechanism;
ANALISIS KUALITAS TES UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER PPKN SMP DI KABUPATEN KUDUS

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) kualitas perangkat tes Ujian Akhir Semester (UAS) PPKn SMP kelas VIII pada kurikulum 2013 yang digunakan di Kabupaten Kudus, (2) menentukan jumlah butir soal UAS mata pelajaran PPKn tingkat SMP kelas VIII pada kurikulum 2013 di Kabupaten Kudus yang dapat direkomendasikan dalam persiapan bank soal. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas butir soal perangkat tes UAS secara kualitatif didapatkan 31 butir soal dinyatakan baik dan 4 butir soal dinyatakan tidak baik berdasarkan aspek materi, konstruksi, dan bahasa. Analisis secara kuantitatif sebanyak 24 (68,57%) butir soal tergolong baik dan 11 (31,42%) butir soal tergolong tidak baik. Hasil analisis keseluruhan terhadap perangkat tes diperoleh sebanyak 15 butir soal yang dapat direkomendasikan ke dalam persiapan bank soal. Kata kunci: tes ujian akhir semester, analisis butir soal, bank soal. AN ANALYSIS OF QUALITY OF CIVICS EDUCATION FINAL EXAMINATION TEST IN REGENCY OF KUDUS Abstract This study aims to describe: 1) the quality of Civics Education Final Examination Test in curriculum 2013 which is used in Regency of Kudus, 2) to determine the number of items of Civics Education Final Examination Test in curriculum 2013 in Regency of Kudus which can be recommended as test item banking preparation. The approach used in this study is descriptive quantitative. The result of study shows that item test, qualitatively generates 31 test items categorized as good item, and 4 test categorized as not good item according to content aspect, construction aspect, and language aspects. The quantitative analysis, there are 24 (68.57%) test items categorized as good item and 11 (31.42%) test items categorized as not good item. The overall analysis towards obtained 15 test items which can be recommended as test item banking preparation Keywords: final examination test, item test analysis, item bank.
New methodological approaches for zoning the Italian territory according to the wildfire risk

: In the European Mediterranean Region wildfires can cause significant and unpredictable damage to infrastructures, settlements, human lives, natural resources and ecosystem services. By means of geodatasets (i.e. burned areas, Corine Land Cover and High Resolution Layers) and socioeconomic data, fire proneness of woodland types in Italy, wildfire spatial patterns and human drivers were assessed. Mediterranean pine forests, and transitional woodland-shrub are the woodland types most preferred in terms of fire occurrence and recurrence. Large fires and megafires hold a significant share of total burned area. The findings suggest a positive relationship between the distance from built-up areas and fire incidence (i.e. ratio between burnt forest area and total forest area), whereas a negative relation was found between distance from built-up areas and fire frequency. A comparative approach based on the use of multiple statistical models allowed to point out that wildfire regime is closely related to human activities. Wildfires frequency, severity and intensity have different correlation profiles, highlighting the need to consider different dimensions in fire risk assessment. In general, a disadvantaged economic context associated to unemployment and predominance of rural workers, disparities in per-capita income and (changing) demographic structures leads to higher fire risk. The proposed analyses provide information that are central to any approach to fire management. The findings of this study support advancements in prioritization of fire prevention, suppression measures, economic incentive allocation, and landscape planning.
MODELING RHEOLOGY PROPERTIES OF WATER-FUEL OIL EMULSIONS AND WATER-COAL FUEL SUSPENSION

: Study viscosity - coefficient of internal friction at the movement and deformation of substance who belongs to rheology domain. Synthetic fuels based on petroleum and coal products, prepared in the form of emulsions and suspensions with water, manifested an non-newtonian rheological behavior, shear stress of them is not directly proportional with the velocity of deformation at shearing. In this moment did not exist an exactly theory of viscosity liquids. From existing theories for establish the temperature dependence of viscosity it was taken first of all on the relationship Frenkel in the presentation of Andrade. Rheological models the oil-water emulsions and the water-coal fuel suspension were established in the mechanical-electrical analogies, drawing- equivalent electric schemes, where inertial element is modeled with an inductance, the disipativ element with a resistance and the elastic element -with a capacity.
DEVELOPMENT OF A DATA QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR ROC EPA

Significant amount of both internal and external data are urgently required to carry out environmental scientific research and regulatory decision making. Needed, data must be good in quality, accuracy and representative of the problems concerned. Consequently, data quality is a key issue in data management. This study used a system approach to develop a management system for ensuring that the collected environmental data is of the proper type and quality needed for the intended use. In the data quality management system, the Internal Management Subsystem (IMS) and External Assessment Subsystem (EAS) were designed with the PDCA (Plan, Do, Check and Action) management cycle. Additionally, data quality classifications were proposed for different intended uses of the environmental data. Responsibilities and procedures for data quality management were also established based on the agency, department, and project levels.
The Vertical Profile of Radiative Cooling and Lapse Rate in a Warming Climate

The vertical profile of clear-sky radiative cooling places important constraints on the vertical structure of convection and associated clouds. Simple theory using the cooling-to-space approximation is presented to indicate that the cooling rate in the upper troposphere should increase with surface temperature. The theory predicts how the cooling rate depends on lapse rate in an atmosphere where relative humidity remains approximately a fixed function of temperature. Radiative cooling rate is insensitive to relative humidity because of cancellation between the emission and transmission of radiation by water vapor. This theory is tested with one-dimensional radiative transfer calculations and radiative-convective equilibrium simulations. For climate simulations that produce an approximately moist adiabatic lapse rate, the radiative cooling profile becomes increasingly top-heavy with increasing surface temperature. If the temperature profile warms more slowly than a moist adiabatic profile in mid-troposphere, then the cooling rate in the upper troposphere is reduced and that in the lower troposphere is increased. This has important implications for convection, clouds and associated deep and shallow circulations.
Effects of lossy background and rebars on antennas embedded in concrete structures

In this letter the effects of a lossy background on an antenna for wireless embedded sensors network has been studied. The efficiency of the antenna versus the concrete structure size decreases from 72% down to ∼20%. However, it is shown that the boresight gain is essentially unaffected by the block size. The proposed configuration is robust against concrete permittivity variations, change in block dimension and presence of rebars. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2653–2656, 2016
Adaptive Implementation of a Community Nutrition and Asset Transfer Program during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Rural Bangladesh

Background Reduced health and nutrition services as a result of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) measures endanger children’s well-being. The Bangladesh Rajshahi Division of Maternal and Child Nutrition (BRDMCN; 2018–2020) involving social behavior change communication (SBCC) and an economic development (ED) of asset transfer was implemented. Objectives This study describes how the implementation modality of the BRDMCN was adapted, and changes in the program’s short/intermediate-term outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with pre-pandemic. Methods The following evaluation components were assessed: 1) program fidelity, 2) program reach, 3) program acceptance, 4) perceived influence of COVID-19, and 5) short-term outcomes over the 3 y. We compared the first 2 y (“pre–COVID-19,” from April 2018 through December 2019) and the final year (“during COVID-19,” from January to December 2020) for all components except for (3) and (4). Data were collected through multiple sources: reviews of program annual progress reports, monitoring records of SBCC and ED programs, and cohort surveys (n = 1094). Results The percentage dose delivery of activities decreased from 66.7–118% at pre–COVID-19 to 0–90% during COVID-19. The SBCC programs were altered to reduce the frequency of activities as well as the number of participants per session. The ED program involving large group meetings was modified to include within-member meetings, individual visits of community facilitators, or virtual discussions. Production activity using received assets continued during the pandemic, with no significant reduction compared with pre–COVID-19. The percentage of children recovering from underweight after 30 d of a Positive deviance/Hearth (PD/Hearth) session, a component of the SBCC program, remained constant at 16.5–20.3 percentage points before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions Program activities were scaled back and changed due to the pandemic. The BRDMCN maintained asset management and the degree of short-term outcomes over the course of a 3-y project. Further study is required to determine whether adaptive program management would achieve the long-term expected impact at a population level.
Precise Control of Entanglement in Multinuclear Spin Registers Coupled to Defects

Quantum networks play an indispensable role in quantum information tasks such as secure communications, enhanced quantum sensing, and distributed computing. Among the most mature and promising platforms for quantum networking are nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond and other color centers in solids. One of the challenges in using these systems for networking applications is to controllably manipulate entanglement between the electron and the nuclear spin register despite the always-on nature of the hyperfine interactions, which makes this an inherently many-body quantum system. Here, we develop a general formalism to quantify and control the generation of entanglement in an arbitrarily large nuclear spin register coupled to a color center electronic spin. We provide a reliable measure of nuclear spin selectivity, by exactly incorporating into our treatment the dynamics with unwanted nuclei. We also show how to realize direct multipartite gates through the use of dynamical decoupling sequences, drastically reducing the total gate time compared to protocols based on sequential entanglement with individual nuclear spins. We quantify the performance of such gate operations in the presence of unwanted residual entanglement links, capturing the dynamics of the entire nuclear spin register. Finally, using experimental parameters of a well-characterized 27 nuclear spin register device, we show how to prepare with high fidelity entangled states for quantum error correction.
Battery discharge forecast applied in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

This paper proposes a comparative study methodology for the prediction of Li-Po (Lithium Ion Polymer) batteries discharge in UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) using four approaches based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) using Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) techniques, Polynomial Regression, and Kalman Filter (KF). The information estimates are important to assist in making decisions on which missions can be addressed to UAVs when supplied by such batteries. The data series for the experiments are obtained from tests carried out on a test bench.
GRID1/GluD1 homozygous variants linked to intellectual disability and spastic paraplegia impair mGlu1/5 receptor signaling and excitatory synapses

The ionotropic glutamate delta receptor GluD1, encoded by the GRID1 gene, is involved in synapse formation, function, and plasticity. GluD1 does not bind glutamate, but instead cerebellin and D-serine, which allow the formation of trans-synaptic bridges, and trigger transmembrane signaling. Despite wide expression in the nervous system, pathogenic GRID1 variants have not been characterized in humans so far. We report homozygous missense GRID1 variants in five individuals from two unrelated consanguineous families presenting with intellectual disability and spastic paraplegia, without (p.Thr752Met) or with (p.Arg161His) diagnosis of glaucoma, a threefold phenotypic association whose genetic bases had not been elucidated previously. Molecular modeling indicated that Arg161His and Thr752Met mutations alter the hinge between GluD1 cerebellin and D-serine binding domains and the stiffness of this latter domain, respectively. Expression, trafficking, physical interaction with metabotropic glutamate receptor mGlu1, and cerebellin binding of GluD1 mutants were not conspicuously altered. Conversely, we found that both GluD1 mutants hampered signaling of metabotropic glutamate receptor mGlu1/5 via the ERK pathway in neurons of primary cortical culture. Moreover, both mutants impaired dendrite morphology and excitatory synapse density in neurons of primary hippocampal culture. These results show that the clinical phenotypes are distinct entities segregating in the families as an autosomal recessive trait, and caused by pathophysiological effects of GluD1 mutants involving metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling and neuronal connectivity. Our findings unravel the importance of the GluD1 receptor signaling in sensory, cognitive and motor functions of the human nervous system.
Algometry for the assessment of central sensitisation to pain in fibromyalgia patients: a systematic review

Abstract Introduction The pathophysiology of fibromyalgia (FM) is related to central sensitisation (CS) to pain. Algometry allows assessing CS based on dynamic evoked pain. However, current algometrýs protocols require optimising, unifying and updating. Objectives 1) identify the dynamic pain measures used most frequently to effectively assess CS processes in FM, and 2) consider the future of the algometry assessing CS in these patients. Methods Cochrane Collaboration guidelines and PRISMA statements were followed. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO database (ID: CRD42021270135). The selected articles were evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias (ROB) assessment tool. The PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched. Results Thirty-four studies were selected, including measures such as temporal summation of pain (TSP), aftersensations (AS), spatial summation of pain (SSP), the noxious flexion reflex (NFR) threshold, conditioned pain modulation (CPM), cutaneous silent period (CuSP), and slowly repeated evoked pain (SREP); and evoked pain combined with neuroimaging. Each measure offered various advantages and limitations. According to ROB, 28 studies were of low quality, 3 of moderate quality, and 3 of high quality. Conclusions Several pain indicators have been demonstrated to successfully examine CS involvement in FM in the last years. Algometry, especially when it involves diverse body sites and tissues, might provide further insight into (1) the evaluation of psychological factors known to influence pain experience, (2) new dynamic pain indicators, and (3) the simultaneous use of certain neuroimaging techniques. Further research clarifying the mechanisms underlying some of these measures, and homogenisation and optimisation of the algometrýs protocols, are needed. KEY MESSAGES Algometry allows for assessing Central Sensitisation by applying dynamic evoked pain. The future of algometry could relapse in its combination with neuroimaging. Recently-emerged pain indicators should be considered for algometrýs new protocols.
Pupil-linked Arousal Signals in the Midbrain Superior Colliculus

Abstract The orienting response evoked by the appearance of a salient stimulus is modulated by arousal; however, neural underpinnings for the interplay between orienting and arousal are not well understood. The superior colliculus (SC), causally involved in multiple components of the orienting response including gaze and attention shifts, receives not only multisensory and cognitive inputs but also arousal-regulated inputs from various cortical and subcortical structures. To investigate the impact of moment-by-moment fluctuations in arousal on orienting saccade responses, we used microstimulation of the monkey SC to trigger saccade responses, and we used pupil size and velocity to index the level of arousal at stimulation onset because these measures correlate with changes in brain states and locus coeruleus activity. Saccades induced by SC microstimulation correlated with prestimulation pupil velocity, with higher pupil velocities on trials without evoked saccades than with evoked saccades. In contrast, prestimulation absolute pupil size did not correlate with saccade behavior. Moreover, pupil velocity correlated with evoked saccade latency and metrics. Together, our results demonstrated that small fluctuations in arousal, indexed by pupil velocity, can modulate the saccade response evoked by SC microstimulation in awake behaving monkeys.
Shared Mobility and the Transformation of Public Transit

This report examines the relationship of public transportation (including paratransit and demand-responsive services) to shared modes, including bikesharing, carsharing, microtransit, and ridesourcing services provided by companies such as Uber and Lyft. This report is designed to assist transit agencies in examining issues and exploring opportunities and challenges as they relate to technology-enabled mobility services, including suggesting ways that transit can learn from, build upon, and interface with these new modes. The study draws on several sources of information: in-depth interviews with transportation officials; a survey of shared mobility users; analysis of transit and ridesourcing capacity, demand, and comparative travel times; an assessment of practices and regulations relating to paratransit provision; and a compilation of current business models and public-private partnerships that build on new technologies from the emerging shared mobility sector. The surveys and interviews were conducted in seven cities: Austin, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, and Washington, DC. The report presents five key findings: among survey respondents, greater use of shared modes is associated with greater likelihood to use transit frequently, own fewer cars, and have reduced transportation spending; shared modes largely complement public transit, enhancing urban mobility; because shared modes are expected to continue growing in significance, public entities should identify opportunities to engage with them to ensure that benefits are widely and equitably shared; the public sector and private mobility operators are eager to collaborate to improve paratransit using emerging approaches and technology; and a number of business models are emerging that include new forms of public-private partnership for provision of mobility and related information services. This report concludes by presenting actions that public entities can take to promote useful cooperation between public and private mobility providers. It also suggests regulatory enhancements, institutional realignments, and forms of public-private engagement that would allow innovation to flourish while still providing mobility as safely, broadly, and equitably as possible.
Membrane-cloaked polydopamine modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles for cancer therapy

To improve the shortcomings of narrow therapeutic range and low bioavailability of traditional preparations, a composite drug carrier that combines the advantages of biological carriers and synthetic carriers was prepared in this project. The biomimetic nano-delivery system outer membrane vesicles-polydopamine-mesoporous silica nanoparticle (OMVs-PDA-MSN-DOX) for oral administration is composed of OMVs of Escherichia coli as shell and doxorubicin-loaded MSN modified by PDA as core. Several characterization techniques thoroughly examined the nano-drug delivery system to confirm its surface morphology and chemical property. OMVs-PDA-MSN-DOX with a particle size of 150 nm showed significant cell selectivity and safety. We demonstrated that OMVs are capable of protecting pH-sensitive nanostructure from the oral route of administration in the short term. Importantly, OMVs-PDA-MSN-DOX could facilitate intestinal adhesion and improve DOX bioavailability. Overall, the OMVs-cloaked nanocarrier provides an efficient delivery platform for the oral targeting treatment of cancer with pH-sensitive nano-formulations.
Substance use-related stigma: an exploratory study of search behavior using Google trends (2004-2021)

School of Computing & Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Centre for Digital Transformation of Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA