Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of MR signal intensities of cerebral perivascular (Virchow-Robin) and subarachnoid spaces.

Purpose The purpose of this work was to compare quantitatively the T2-weighted MR signal intensity values of the perivascular (Virchow-Robin) spaces and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Method Coronal 3D T2-weighted turbo spin echo MR images of the brain were evaluated in 44 subjects without any significant cerebral pathology. MR signal intensity values of the perivascular spaces around the anterior commissure and the CSF in the ventricles and the subarachnoid space were measured. Results A statistically significant difference between the mean MR signal intensity values of the perivascular spaces and the CSF both in the ventricles and in the subarachnoid space was found. The intensity values in the ventricles and in the subarachnoid space were not statistically significantly different. Conclusion The perivascular spaces have a different MR signal intensity than the CSF-containing structures within and around the brain. This finding is in keeping with the statement that the perivascular spaces represent entrapments of interstitial fluid and are not the invagination of CSF-filled subarachnoid sheaths.
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) cultivars calyx produced hydroponically: Physicochemical and nutricional quality

The chemical constituents of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) vary by environmental stimuli and cultivar. The effect of cultivars produced under hydroponic and greenhouse conditions on the mineral composition, chemical and nutraceutical quality of the calyx was evaluated. An experiment was conducted in greenhouse and hydroponic conditions, in a randomized complete design with three replicates and four plants per experimental unit. Treatments were formed by a six roselle cultivars: Cruza Negra, Criolla Huajicori, UAN25-1, UAN16-2, 4Q4, and UAN6-Puga. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that ‘Cruza Negra’ is the best cultivar because it presents the highest values of total and insoluble fiber (395 and 260 g kg-1 dry basis [db]), total phenols (29.178 mg kg-1 db), anthocyanins (18.133 mg kg-1 db), 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; 645 mg kg-1 db), and the absorption capacity of oxygen radicals (ORAC; 240 mg kg-1 db). The highest contribution of minerals was observed in ‘Cruza Negra’ (K, Na, Zn, and Cu) and ‘Criolla Huajicori’ (Ca, Mg, S, and Mn), contributing significantly to the recommended daily intake (RDI). Variability was evident in all the quality characteristics evaluated in the greenhouse roselle calyx. Ash, total and insoluble fiber, phenols, anthocyanins, DPPH, and ORAC contributed the most to the nutritional and nutraceutical quality of the roselle calyx. These variables were influenced by the cultivar.
AU-KBC FIRE2008 Submission - Cross Lingual Information Retrieval Track:

In this paper we describe how cross lingual information retrieval can be effectively done between a highly agglutinative language, Tamil and English, an isolating language. Agglutination is a morphological process of adding affixes to word base. These affixations can be between noun- noun, adjective-noun, noun-case, etc. This phenomenon of the language has brought serious problems in translation, transliteration and expansion of the query into another language. To overcome these we have used a morphological analyzer which gives the word base. The word base is used in turn for translation, transliteration and query expansion. The translation of the query is done using bilingual dictionary, transliteration uses statistical method and the expansion uses an Ontology.
Evolution of DARDAR-CLOUD ice cloud retrievals: new parameters and impacts on the retrieved microphysical properties

Abstract. In this paper we present the latest refinements brought to the DARDAR-CLOUD product, which contains ice cloud microphysical properties retrieved from the cloud radar and lidar measurements from the A-Train mission. Based on a large dataset of in situ ice cloud measurements, the parameterizations used in the microphysical model of the algorithm – i.e. the normalized particle size distribution, the mass–size relationship, and the parameterization of the a priori value of the normalized number concentration as a function of temperature – were assessed and refined to better fit the measurements, keeping the same formalism as proposed in DARDAR basis papers. Additionally, in regions where lidar measurements are available, the lidar ratio retrieved for ice clouds is shown to be well constrained by the lidar–radar synergy. Using this information, the parameterization of the lidar ratio was also refined, and the new retrieval equals on average 35±10 sr in the temperature range between −60 and −20 ∘C. The impact of those changes on the retrieved ice cloud properties is presented in terms of ice water content (IWC) and effective radius. Overall, IWC values from the new DARDAR-CLOUD product are on average 16 % smaller than the previous version, leading to a 24 % reduction in the ice water path. In parallel, the retrieved effective radii increase by 5 % to 40 %, depending on temperature and the availability of the instruments, with an average difference of +15 %. Modifications of the microphysical model strongly affect the ice water content retrievals with differences that were found to range from −50 % to +40 %, depending on temperature and the availability of the instruments. The largest differences are found for the warmest temperatures (between −20 and 0 ∘C) in regions where the cloud microphysical processes are more complex and where the retrieval is almost exclusively based on radar-only measurements. The new lidar ratio values lead to a reduction of IWC at cold temperatures, the difference between the two versions increasing from around 0 % at −30 ∘C to 70 % below −80 ∘C, whereas effective radii are not impacted.
Microneedle‐Array Patch Fabricated with Enzyme‐Free Polymeric Components Capable of On‐Demand Insulin Delivery

Achieving persistent glycemic control in a painless and convenient way is the ultimate goal of diabetes management. Herein, an “enzyme‐free” polymeric microneedle (MN)‐array patch composed of a boronate‐containing hydrogel semi‐interpenetrated by biocompatible silk fibroin is developed. Consistent with the previous reports, the presence of the boronate‐hydrogel allows for glucose‐responsive diffusion‐control of insulin, while the crystalline fibroin component serves as a matrix‐stiffener to validate skin penetration. Remarkably, this “enzyme‐free” smart artificial on‐skin pancreas prototype remains stable for at least 2 months in an aqueous environment. Furthermore, it establishes sustained as well as acute glucose‐responsive insulin delivery, and is to the authors' knowledge, the first successful material design addressing such two technical challenges at once on an MN format. This long‐acting, on‐demand insulin delivery technology may offer a candidate for a next‐generation diabetes therapy that is remarkably stable, safe, economically efficient, and capable of providing both acute‐ and continuous glycemic control in a manner minimally dependent on patient compliance.
Influence of Grape Pomace Inclusion on Physical and Chemical Properties of Corn-Based Extrudates

This study investigated the feasibility of using grape pomace (GP) as a source of dietary fiber (DF) and polyphenol for extruded corn-based product and evaluated the impacts of GP level on the physical properties and chemical composition of extrudates. A 4x3 two-factor factorial design was used to for extrusion experiment. The two factors were the level of GP inclusion (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10%) and moisture content (13, 15 and 17%) of the formula. The extrusion was conducted at pre-determined temperature, feeding rate and screw speed using a twin-screw extruder. Data show that adding GP in the formula caused product darkening, decreased product expansion ratio (ER), hardness and brittleness (P<0.05). The feed moisture showed greater impacts on the ER and texture than GP content. Lower feed moisture (≤15%) resulted in crunchy product with better puffy properties at all GP level. Addition of GP increased total dietary fiber and polyphenol contents in dosedependent manner (P<0.0001) and reduced in vitro starch digestibility of extrudate (P<0.05). Therefore, GP has great potential to serve as DF and polyphenol source in extrusion cooking, but the extrusion parameter such as GP content and moisture must be well controlled to minimize the undesirable effect of GP on product.
Inorganic Coordination Chemistry: Where We Stand in Cancer Treatment?

Metals have unique characteristics such as variable coordination modes, redox activity, and reactivity being indispensable for several biochemical processes in cells. Due to their reactivity, their concentration is tightly regulated inside the cells, and abnormal concen- trations are associated with many disorders, such as cancer. As such metal complexes turned out to be very attractive as potential anticancer agents. The discovery of cisplatin was a crucial moment, which prompted the interest in Pt(II) and other metal complexes as potential anticancer agents. This chapter highlights the state of the art on metal com - plexes in cancer therapy, highlighting their uptake mechanisms, biological targets, toxicity, and drug resistance. Finally, based on the importance of selective target of cancer cells, drug delivery systems will also be discussed.
Criticial Assessment of the Photocatalytic Reduction of Cr(VI) over Au/TiO2

The purification of drinking water is one of the most urgent challenges in developing countries, for which the efficient removal of traces of heavy metals, e.g., Cr(IV), represents a key technology. This can be achieved via photocatalysis. In this study, we compare the performance of Au/TiO2 to bare TiO2 P25 catalysts. Furthermore, the influence of the sacrificial reagent citric acid under UV-Vis and Vis excitation was investigated and a detailed investigation of the catalysts before and after reaction was performed. During the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(IV) under acidic conditions, both leaching of Au, as well as absorption of Cr, occur, resulting in new catalyst systems obtained in situ.
Use of Flow Cytometry for Detection of Apoptotic Cell Death in Th17 Cells

Flow cytometry (FC) is a powerful and reliable system for cell death studies. It allows to study the molecular changes in both the surface and cytoplasmic part of the cells. Depending on the laser range of flow cytometry, it is possible to collect a large number of information about a single cell by combining multiple labeling strategies. With these assets, flow cytometry allows scientists to accelerate their research. Flow cytometry is also widely used in clinical studies. Therefore, we used this powerful tool to study human T helper 17 (Th17) cell apoptosis. Newly discovered Th17 cells are important players of immune response regulation. They are also involved in different types of pathologies including autoimmune diseases and cancer. There are intensive data in the literature about molecules that are involved in Th17 differentiation signaling networks, but the apoptotic and survival molecular mechanisms of this cells are not fully understood yet. Therefore, apoptosis of Th17 cells were measured by Flow cytometry. Healthy human subjects have been invited to study with the informed consent which is approved by the ethics committee. Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers. Phenotypically characterized and sorted naïve CD4+ T cells from PBMC were cultured under Th17 polarizing conditions. IL-17, IL-22 or CCR6 molecules were used to monitor Th17 cells. Apoptotic cell death of Th17 cells were measured by plasma membrane changes and DNA fragmentation. During differentiation stages, plasma membrane changes were monitored by Annexin V concomitantly with 7AAD. At day 7, there were Annexin V positive cells in Th17 cells. Apoptotic cell death occurs through sequential events including caspase activation and DNA fragmentation. DNA fragmentation data showed that Th17 cells were not apoptotic compared to negative control cultures. This finding suggested that survival molecules of Th17 cells interferes with this apoptotic process.
TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT, ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND STARCH HYDROLYTIC ENZYME INHIBITION OF THE EXTRACTS FROM UNPOLISHED COLORED RICES

The different colors of rice are contributed by various phenolic compounds, which have various health benefits. However, phenolic compounds, which are mostly existed in rice bran and easily lost during milling. Therefore, the consumption of unpolished rice is recommended to prevent from many diseases. The objective of this study is to determine total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant capacity and diabetic enzyme inhibition potential of the extracts of the different unpolished colored rices. Three kinds of unpolished colored rices (unpolished white rice, unpolished red rice and unpolished black rice) grown in Vietnam were used to extract their bioactive compounds by alcoholic solvent extracting method. The results showed that the highest level of total phenolic content (TPC) was found in unpolished red rice (470.96 µg FAE/g db sample), while the lowest was in unpolished white rice (135.84 µg FAE/g db sample). TPC of rice in free form was considerably higher than that in the bound form. Total flavonoid content in free form was also significantly higher than bound form. Total flavonoid content in free form of unpolished black rice (126.75 µg RE/g db sample) was higher than that in the others. In the present study, unpolished red rice extract possessed the best antioxidant activity (78.79%) in most cases, and showed the strongest inhibitory potential against alpha-amylase (78.56%) and amyloglucosidase (36.13%) as well. As a result, extracts of unpolished colored rices could act like both antioxidant and enzyme inhibitors and have a potential to be used in prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Comparison of metachromatic titration versus a novel nano-gold tagging technique for the detection and quantification of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride in water samples.

v Acknowledgements . vii Table of contents . ix List of Figures . xiv List of Tables . xvii Abbreviations . xix Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1. General introduction . 1 1.1 Research motivation . 5 1.2 Problem identification. 5 1.3 Hypothesis . 6 1.4 Aims and objective . 6 1.5 References . 7 Chapter 2: Polyelectrolytes in water treatment . 9 2. Introduction to polyelectrolytes . 9 2.1 Classification of polyelectrolytes . 9 2.2 Non-water treatment uses of polyelectrolytes . 10 2.2.1 Materials science and nanotechnology . 10 2.2.2 Membrane science . 11 2.2. 3 Pulp and paper industry . 12 2.2. 4 Selected industrial uses of polyelectrolytes . 13 2.2. 5 Polyelectrolytes in cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceutical products . 13
The t(9;14)(p13;q32) chromosomal translocation associated with lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma involves the PAX-5 gene

The t(9;14)(p13;q32) translocation is associated with approximately 50% of lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma (LPL), a subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). We cloned the chromosomal breakpoint of der (14) from an LPL case (1052) and showed that it involved a junction between 9p13 and the switch micro region of the Ig heavy chain locus (IgH) on 14q32. Using a YAC contig spanning 1.5 megabase (Mb), we determined that the 9p13 breakpoint in one case (1052) mapped within a 270-kb restriction fragment containing two previously reported 9p breakpoints associated with a alpha-heavy chain disease case (MAL) and KI-1 positive diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) cell line (KIS-1). The same fragment also contained the PAX-5 gene which encodes a B-cell specific transcription factor involved in the control of B-cell proliferation and differentiation. The breakpoints of KIS-1 and 1052 were mapped within the 5′ noncoding region of PAX-5, while the 9p13 breakpoint of MAL mapped 230 to 270 kb upstream to PAX-5. In all three cases, the translocation caused the juxtaposition of the PAX-5 gene to the IgH locus in the opposite direction of transcription. When compared with six other DLCL cell lines lacking t(9;14)(p13;q32), the KIS-1 cell line showed an 11-fold overexpression of PAX-5 mRNA and a significantly reduced expression of the p53 gene, which is normally regulated by PAX-5. Moreover, metaphase and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis using a YAC clone spanning 1 Mb including the PAX-5 as a probe identified chromosomal translocations in 5 of 7 cases carrying 9p13 translocations. These findings suggest that the PAX- 5 gene is the target of the t(9;14) in LPL whereby its expression may be deregulated by juxtaposition to IgH regulatory elements, thus contributing to lymphomagenesis.
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF WHEATGRASS BY 1,1- DIPHENYL, 2 PICRYLHYDRAZYL METHOD

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activity and wound healing activity in Triticum aestivum (wheat grass). Methods: T. aestivum commonly known as Wheatgrass had a wide range of health benefits among the young grass of common wheat plant components includes chlorophyll, flavonoids, and Vitamins A, C, and E. Wheatgrass is used in Folklore medicine for treatment of skin diseases and wound healing. In our present study, petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts of T. aestivum have been evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity and wound healing activity by 1,1- diphenyl, 2 Picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, and Chick chorioallantoic method, respectively.Results: The results of both the assay showed that all the extracts of T. aestivum have significant antioxidant and wound healing activity on dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: The wheatgrass has antioxidant and wound healing activity.
Extracts from egg strings of sea hare (Dolabella auricularia): Yield, antioxidant activity, zoochemical profile, and toxicity

This study aimed to evaluate the crude extract yield, secondary metabolites, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the different crude extracts of egg strings from sea hare ( Dolabella auricularia ) taken from Guang-guang, Pujada Bay, Davao Oriental. The 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method showed that the antioxidant activity of the crude extract of ethanol was greater than ethyl acetate and hexane in a dose-dependent manner. Ethanolic extract with a yield of 28.96 mg/g showed the highest percentage inhibition of 24.86% at 1000 µg/mL. The antioxidant activity may be attributed to known antioxidant metabolites, especially the phenolic substances, and some forms of synergism. The result also revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpeneoids. On the other hand, the brine shrimp assay for all extracts gave LC 50 > 1,000 µg/mL which indicated the absence of potential cytotoxic substances. The result of this study increases the nutritional potential values and provide baseline information for another possible source of future novel antioxidants that can be used in food and pharmaceutical industries. However, further investigations must be conducted to explore other biological activities of the extracts.
Small heat-shock proteins can stabilize heat-stressed membranes

53 Small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are reported to protect (substrate) proteins against irreversible aggregation (van Montfort et al. 2002). However, growing evidence suggests that sHSPs are also involved in the maintenance of membrane integrity during stress, ageing or pathophysiological conditions (Török et al. 2001; Narberhaus 2002). Our results indicate that sHSPs bind to lipids stabilizing the bilayer liquid-crystalline state affecting both the polar headgroup region and the hydrophobic core (Tsvetkova et al. 2002). Besides, the nature of sHSPs-membrane interactions largely depends on the lipid composition. Specific proteinlipid interactions seem to be operating in membrane reorganization paralleled with increased resistance to stresses (e.g. heat, oxidative, etc.). Photosynthesis is one of the most heat sensitive cellular function in photosynthetic organisms. It is clearly emerging that cell membranes, when exposed to an abrupt increase in temperature, undergo an immediate reorganization through changes in the membrane physical structure (Horváth et al. 1998). In cyanobacteria membrane microdomain reorganization is paralleled with the appearance of highly saturated monoglycosyl diacylglycerol and the association of heat shock protein with the thylakoid. Non-bilayer forming lipids (MGLDG, MGDG) are of striking importance in HSP17 interaction which shows a remarkable fluidity dependence underscoring the relevance of membrane hydrophobic interior in a protein-induced membrane reorganization. By assuming that lipid phase of membranes act as cellular thermometer (Vigh et al. 1998) membrane association of sHSPs may constitute a feedback regulation of the expression of stress genes.
Phosphorus forms and their distribution under long-term no tillage systems

Phosphorus (P) stratification in no-tillage (NT) systems has important implications for crop growth and potential P loss, but little is known about P forms and their distribution when mineral P fertilizers are placed to the depth of 5 cm in NT soil. A 10-year field experiment was used to study the effect of NT and mouldboard plough (MP) on soil P forms at three depths (0–5, 5–10 and 10–20 cm) and their relationship with Fe and Al oxides. The results indicated that stratification of organic P forms occurred under NT treatment, and Fe oxides may have a stronger capacity for adsorbing the P forms. When mineral P fertilizers were placed to the depth of 5 cm under NT treatment, there was no significant difference in P forms or crop yield between NT and MP treatment, and orthophosphate did not show any significant difference under NT treatment between 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm depth. Overall, the agricultural management practice that mineral P fertilizers are placed to the depth of 5 cm under NT treatment could result in stratification of P forms, while the changes in the distribution of P forms in soil profiles might help reduce potential P loss in surface runoff and do not make any difference to crop growth.
Integrated humification of poultry waste

In this study effects of adding chemical and microbial agents in the humification process of poultry wastes were carried out. Chemicals and microbes play a vital role to accelerate the humification process. Salmonella and lime were applied individually to observe the variation in maturity and stability parameters like degree of polymerization (DP), C/N, humification rate (HR), humification index (HI), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and nitrate nitrogen concentration of the humified poultry wastes. Thus it was acclaimed that the microorganisms Salmonella encourage the compost formation where as humification with lime proceeded relatively with a lesser time than Salmonella. Furthermore, the decline in carbon and nitrogen ratio and increase in CEC, DP, HR, HI, potassium and phosphorous were recognized in a higher scale in chemically treated wastes compared to that of microbial one. It was concluded that use of chemicals reduce the quantum of waste in minimum time.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(4), 283-288, 2018