Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An operating system structure for wide-address architectures

This dissertation develops and explores a new operating system model made possible by wide-address architectures (e.g., 64-bit processors such as Digital's Alpha family and the MIPS R4000) that are now appearing on the market. The very large virtual address spaces supported by these architectures have undermined a basic design principle of 32-bit operating systems: the assumption that virtual address space is a scarce resource that must be conserved by redefining address mappings in each active process. This presents an opportunity for a single virtual address space operating system with a global virtual-physical mapping for all programs. The single address space approach has several attractive properties; for example, it naturally supports cooperation among application components using uniformly addressed shared memory and memory-mapped long-term storage. The contributions of this dissertation are to: (1) define abstractions and primitives for a single address space operating system called Opal, (2) implement and evaluate a prototype of the Opal system, (3) experiment with new application structures made possible by the Opal model, and (4) explore tradeoffs of the single address space approach for the operating system and its applications. The Opal design presents novel solutions to issues raised by the single address space approach, including address space management, protected data management, and resource reclamation. This dissertation reaches three primary conclusions. First, the Opal model can be implemented on wide-address paged RISC architectures using standard microkernels, with performance comparable to other operating system environments supported by those platforms. Second, the model expands the structuring choices available to applications, including new options that are useful to important classes of applications, while imposing acceptable costs on applications that do not directly benefit from its features. Third, the model attains the key goals of modular sharing and protection that were common to many earlier systems, while preserving the simplicity, generality and performance responsible for the success of current systems based on private virtual address spaces.
Ship berthing and hull inspection using the CetusII AUV and MIRIS high-resolution sonar

Recent events including the September 11th and the attack on the U.S.S. Cole have redefined security needs in protecting both military and civilian vessels as well as the protection of ports from effects of explosives or other weapons of mass destruction. The attachment of potentially devastating devices to the relatively inaccessible external hulls of ships or their placement in berthings represents a significant potential threat. The current methods of inspection by divers or remotely operated vehicles are hazardous, manpower intensive, and limited by conditions such as low visibility which is typical in harbor/berthing environments. This paper discusses the application of the CetusII equipped with high-frequency ahead-looking and side-scanning sonars to the ship hull and berthing inspection missions. It describes the unique approach to conformal hull following and adaptation of the vehicle control software to the unique aspects of hull inspection.
Active rectifier for medium voltage drive systems

A uni-directional three-level active rectifier topology is investigated and evaluated for medium voltage applications. The topological differences mandated by different power semiconductors are shown. Switching functions for a harmonic elimination modulation scheme are derived and discussed. The performance of the uni-directional active front-end is investigated and compared to that of a passive rectifier for a 1.8 MVA, 4.16 kV medium voltage converter system.
Primer on improving the state of earthquake hazards mitigation and preparedness

This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey publication standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the United States Government. Any use of trade names and trademarks in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey.
Domain wall resonance and its effect on losses in ferrites

The core loss characterization in ferrites under strong magnetic fields is studied for high-frequency power converter applications. The measurements show strong dependence of core loss on the magnitude of DC or AC magnetic fields. An induced anisotropy field, due to material composition or applied bias field, causes multiple peaks in permeability and core loss characteristics at certain frequencies due to domain wall resonances. The characteristics of certain nickel-zinc ferrites, such as 4C4, degrade permanently after they are exposed to a strong magnetic field, which results in an irreversible alteration of the local magnetic anisotropies and their corresponding domain wall resonances. <<ETX>>
Control and Learning of Compliant Manipulation Skills

Humans demonstrate an impressive capability to manipulate fragile objects without damaging them, graciously controlling the force and position of hands or tools. Traditionally, robotics has favored position control over force control to produce fast, accurate and repeatable motion. For extending the applicability of robotic manipulators outside the strictly controlled environments of industrial work cells, position control is inadequate. Tasks that involve contact with objects whose positions are not known with perfect certainty require a controller that regulates the relationship between positional deviations and forces on the robot. This problem is formalized in the impedance control framework, which focuses the robot control problem on the interaction between the robot and its environment. By adjusting the impedance parameters, the behavior of the robot can be adapted to the need of the task. However, it is often difficult to specify formally how the impedance should vary for best performance. Furthermore, fast it can be shown that careless variation of the impedance can lead to unstable regulation or tracking even in free motion. In the first part of the thesis, the problem of how to define a varying impedance for a task is addressed. A haptic human-robot interface that allows a human supervisor to teach impedance variations by physically interacting with the robot during task execution is introduced. It is shown that the interface can be used to enhance the performance in several manipulation tasks. Then, the problem of stable control with varying impedance is addressed. Along with a theoretical discussion on this topic, a sufficient condition for stable varying stiffness and damping is provided. In the second part of the thesis, we explore more complex manipulation scenarios via online generation of the robot trajectory. This is done along two axes 1) learning how to react to contact forces in insertion tasks which are crucial for assembly operations and 2) autonomous Dynamical Systems (DS) for motion representation with the capability to encode a family of trajectories rather than a fixed, time-dependent reference. A novel framework for task representation using DS is introduced, termed Locally Modulated Dynamical Systems (LMDS). LMDS differs from existing DS estimation algorithms in that it supports non-parametric and incremental learning all the while guaranteeing that the resulting DS is globally stable at an attractor point. To combine the advantages of DS motion generation with impedance control, a novel controller for tasks described by first order DS is proposed. The controller is passive, and has the properties of an impedance controller with the added flexibility of a DS motion representation instead of a time-indexed trajectory.
Principles of Pavement Design

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES. Pavement Types, Wheel Loads, and Design Factors. Stresses in Flexible Pavements. Stresses in Rigid Pavements. Vehicle and Traffic Considerations. Climate, Environment. The Economic Factor, Design Strategies, Systems Analysis. PROPERTIES OF PAVEMENT COMPONENTS: MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION. Soil Classification. Materials Characterization. Soil and Base Stabilization. Subgrades. Bases and Subbases. Bituminous Surfaces. Material Variability. DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS. Design of Flexible Airport Pavements. Design of Flexible Highway Pavements. DESIGN OF RIGID PAVEMENTS. Design of Rigid Airport Pavements. Design of Rigid Highway Pavements. PAVEMENT EVALUATION AND REHABILITATION. Pavement Distress. Condition Surveys. Strengthening Existing Pavements.
A Manufacturing Scheduler's Perspective on Semiconductor Fabrication

Abstract : In this paper, we describe the phenomena in semiconductor fabrication which are important for production scheduling. We focus our attention on collecting and understanding events, and describing related concepts, such as fabrication processes, operation sets, production machines, support machines, accessories, operation worker, support technicians, activities, objectives, etc. We do not suggest scheduling policies here; instead the goal is to characterize all the events that must be considered in developing such a policy.
Heating and Evaporation of Droplets of Multicomponent and Blended Fuels: A Review of Recent Modeling Approaches

In this review, recent models for heating/evaporation of multi-component and blended fuel droplets and their implementation into numerical codes, used for the analysis of the processes in internal combustion engines (ICE), are reviewed. In these models, the diffusion of species, recirculation and temperature gradient inside droplets are considered. The focus of the review is on the group of models based on the implementation of the analytical solutions to the heat transfer and species diffusion equations inside droplets into numerical codes. Four key aspects are summarised: 1) application of the ‘Discrete Component (DC)’ model and ‘Multi-Dimensional Quasi-Discrete model (MDQDM)’ to a broad range of fuels, including petrol, Diesel, ethanol and biodiesel fuels and their blends; 2) formulation of fuel surrogates, with a focus on the recently introduced ‘Complex Fuel Surrogate Model (CFSM)’; 3) overview of the recently introduced transient algorithm, ‘Transient Multi-Dimensional Quasi-Discrete Model (TMDQDM)’, for auto-generation of quasi-components; and 4) implementation of the latter into a CFD code for a realistic engineering application to full cycle simulation in internal combustion engines. The original and modified versions of the DC model and MDQDM are evaluated for heating and evaporation of droplets of bio/fossil-fuel (for example, ethanol/petrol/biodiesel/Diesel) blends. These were implemented into commercial CFD software and validated. The feasibility of formulating complex fuel surrogates for fuel blends, their implementation into CFD codes, and their application in the full engine cycle simulation before and after the onset of combustion (autoignition) are described.
The Effects of Granularity on the Microwave Surface Impedance of High Kappa Superconductors.

The microwave surface impedance of granular high temperature superconductors is an important figure of merit for technological applications. Because the behavior of the granular materials deviates significantly from that of the ideal defect free superconductors, the loss mechanisms are not fully understood. This dissertation seeks to quantify the contribution of granularity to centimeter wave and millimeter wave losses. By understanding these losses, the superconductive coupling between neighboring grains can also be understood. The weakly coupled grain model is used as a phenomenological description of the microwave surface impedance. The granular superconducting surface is modelled as an effective resistively shunted Josephson junction. The measured surface impedance is compared to the model by plotting the normalized surface resistance versus the normalized surface reactance. The model offers a quantitative explanation of many features observed in the surface impedance data including a local maximum in the surface reactance versus static magnetic field. The model also predicts the weaker than quadratic BCS frequency dependence of the surface resistance. The surface impedance of granular superconductors is always observed to saturate in high static magnetic fields. From analysis with the weakly coupled grain model it is concluded that the saturation is due to superconducting microshorts with properties which are independent of magnetic field. Finally, measurement of surface resistance with an open Fabry-Perot resonator is treated within as a mini-dissertation. The loss mechanisms in the open resonator geometry are considered. The ohmic losses are computed numerically from a vector theory, and Bethe diffraction theory is used to compute a lower limit for losses arising from mode mixing.
The Gold Mineralization of the Baranyevskoe Au-Ag Epithermal Deposit in Central Kamchatka

The Baranyevskoe Au-Ag epithermal deposit of low-sulfidation (LS) type is located on the Kamchatka Peninsula in the Neogene-Quaternary Central Kamchatka Volcanic Belt, where Au-bearing quartz veins are usually accompanied by veinlet stockworks. Two economic associations are typical of the Baranyevskoe deposit. The first corresponds to gold-pyrite-quartz association with low-grade native gold (521–738‱) intergrown with pyrite. Some accessory Au-Ag minerals within the early association were also identified: acanthite AgS2, hessite AgTe2, lenaite Ag(Fe,Cu)S2, petzite Ag3AuTe2, utenbogardite Ag3AuS2 and unnamed Ag-Sb-As sulfosalts. The former Au-Ag minerals were most likely formed in the temperature range of 320–330 °C based on the study of arsenopyrite thermometers and fluid inclusions. The second, a gold-sulfosalt-quartz association, includes high-grade native gold (883-941‱) in intergrowth with chalcopyrite. Cuprous phases (bornite, chalcocite, heerite, native copper, Cu-Zn solid solutions), Bi-rich sulfosalts (aikinite PbCuBiS3, emplectite CuBiS2, witticenite Cu3BiS3), stannoidite Cu8Fe3Sn2S12, mawsonite Cu6Fe2SnS8), Au-bearing galena, Te-free and Bi-rich tetrahedrite-tennantite represent this association. Fluid inclusions in gold-sulfosalt-quartz association are characterized by homogenization temperature ranging from 226 to 298 °C, and salinity from 0.4 to 1.2 wt. % NaCl eq.
BOTDA-Based Technique for Measuring Maximum Loss and Crosstalk at Splice Point in Few-Mode Fibers

SUMMARY We propose a technique based on Brillouin optical time domain analysis for measuring loss and crosstalk in few-mode ﬁbers (FMFs). The proposed technique extracts the loss and crosstalk of a spe-ciﬁc mode in FMFs from the Brillouin gains and Brillouin gain coe ﬃ cients measured under two di ﬀ erent conditions in terms of the frequency di ﬀ er-ence between the pump and probe lights. The technique yields the maximum loss and crosstalk at a splice point by changing the electrical ﬁeld injected into an FMF as the pump light. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed technique can measure the maximum loss and crosstalk of the LP 11 mode at a splice point in a two-mode ﬁber.
A Case of McDonald's Restaurant the Built Environment and the Perpetuation of the Phenomenon of Globalisation

This paper uses the notion of risk in its exploration of the way the physical environment contributes to the production of social order. It does this by using a case of McDonald’s restaurant as a means of examining the way practices of domination are manifested through space. In this instance the spatial design of McDonald’s contributes to the reproduction of acts of globalisation. In this paper it is argued that using the spatial setting as a means of perpetuating the institutional order of globalisation involves great risk. This is because in order for McDonald’s to operate successfully and reinforce a moral code of conduct it relies, in part, on participants recognising and then misrecognising what the physical environment is attempting to do. That is, in order for McDonald’s to perpetuate a code of conduct founded on the principles of efficiency, predictability, calculability, and control * great risk is taken in instituting this process throughout the physical domain. This is because it also relies upon a particular kind of environment to producing the global experience of 'sameness' in order to sustain economic growth. Thus, participants must willingly engage with a space that operates to ensure that "power is exercised and simultaneously disguised" through the experience of homogenisation.
New Products: The Key Factors in Success

This monograph will help you answer the question, ? What makes a new product a success? This book reports the results of an extensive study into industrial product innovation. The study, NewProd III, covers over 100 companies and 200 new products. The current report integrates the findings of this study into actionable results and translates them into managerial implications.
Identification of Exogenous and Endogenous Factors Affecting Competitiveness: An Application to the Spanish Furniture Industry

In this paper we study what type of exogenous (related to the external structure) and endogenous (related to the firm) aspects affect industryÂ´competitiveness. The framework is used to asses competitiveness of organizations in the Spanish furniture industry. In doing so, we deep in the theoretical concepts related: in one hand, the industrial sinergical concentration and, in the other hand, literature concerned to resources and capabilities. In this way, we apply a conceptual framework developed by the authors in order to identify the critical aspects that can influence competitiveness and, then, describe the results. The applicability of the model is analyzed in the Spanish furniture industry, specifically in the Valencian Community, where is mainly concentred. From the results obtained we are able to conclude that the method is effective in identifying both exogenous and endogenous aspects.
A high-fat diet changes astrocytic metabolism to enhance synaptic plasticity and promote exploratory behavior

A high-fat diet (HFD) is generally considered to negatively influence the body, the brain, and cognitive abilities. On the other hand, fat and fatty acids are essential for nourishing and constructing brain tissue. Astrocytes are central for lipolysis and fatty acids metabolism. Here we show that exposure of young mice to one month of HFD elevates lipid content and increases the relative amount of reduced cytochromes in astrocytes but not in neurons. Metabolic changes were paralleled with an enlargement of astrocytic territorial domains due to an increased outgrowth of branches and leaflets. Astrocyte remodeling was associated with an increase in expression of ezrin and with no changes in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1), and glutamine synthetase (GS). Such physiological (non-reactive) enlargement of astrocytes in the brain active milieu promoted glutamate clearance and long-term potentiation. These changes translated into improved exploratory behavior. Thus, dietary fat intake is not invariably harmful and might exert beneficial effects depending on the biological context. In Brief A high-fat diet stimulates the metabolism and growth of astrocytes, which improves glutamate clearance, synaptic plasticity, and exploratory behavior in young mice. Thus, dietary fat arguably is an essential component of the diet for children and young adults, supporting the optimal development of the brain. Highlights Exposure of young mice to a high-fat diet elevated lipid content and increased amount of reduced cytochromes in astrocytes but not in neurons. Metabolic changes were paralleled with an enlargement of astrocytic territorial domains due to an increased outgrowth of branches and leaflets. Astrocytic enlargement was associated with increased expression of ezrin but not GFAP, hence was not reactive but physiological Expansion of astrocytes in the brain active milieu improved glutamate clearance and long-term potentiation. The high-fat diet improved exploratory behavior in young mice.
Implementation of Virtual Force Field Method for Movements Control Autonomous Mobile Robot in Soccer Robot Applications

Virtual Force Field method is the one method which have simply concept but have a good ability to solve problem about obstacle avoidance. From the research that have done by Borenstein, Virtual Force Field is developed from the research that have done before that is Potential Field Method which work based on Histogram Grid. But it use Weight Value that different in any place which have obstacle. From the poorness that method, finally it can handled by Virtual Force Field method. In the Virtual Force Field method, an obstacle will represented as Repulsive Force and the target will represented as Attractive Force toward robot. Then the result from two force will be command in steering robot. To detect an obstacle that surrounds robot we use An Ultrasonic Sensor SRF 04 which work optimally up to 100 cm. For detect the object in front of robot we use Object Tracking method which use CMU Cam2 camera. In practically, we get an error resultant about 0.059% for the vector angle and 0.073% for the value of vector.