Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entropy-Based Super-Resolution Imaging (ESI): From Disorder to Fine Detail

We introduce a novel and universal method for fast optical high, as well as super-resolution imaging. Our method is based on reconstructing super-resolved images from conventional image sequences containing rapid random signal fluctuations. Such sequences could be obtained from either wide-field single-molecule blinking experiments or rapid image sequences with fluorophores undergoing random intensity fluctuations. By calculating the local entropy (H) and cross-entropy (xH) values pixel-by-pixel, weighted with higher order statistics (HOS), a new image with pixel intensities representing the true information content in the time series is obtained. We show that analyzing image sequences by this formalism enables the reconstruction of super-resolved images, where the optical resolution that can be achieved depends only on the number of input frames and the higher order moments used for the calculation. We find that the acquisition of <100 frames per sequence is sufficient to reconstruct super-resolved image.
Haematological Parameters in People with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease versus Those Who are Only at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the foremost killer disease worldwide. ASCVD is one of the most common types of CVD. It is mainly associated with a condition called atherosclerosis. Its occurrence is linked to several risk factors. Hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, genetic factors, and so on are examples. The presence of ASCVD, as well as its risk factors, causes a variety of disruptions in the body’s physiological and biological functions. The presence of abnormal physiological and biological functions, for example, tends to disrupt hematological parameters. Purpose The study’s aim was to assess and compare the pattern of hematological parameters in people with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASVD) versus people with ASCVD risks alone who attended TASH Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, as well as to correlate hematological parameters with the novel inflammatory marker hs-CRP. Methods A prospective cross-sectional comparative study with 100 study participants was conducted during where October 2019-March 2020 proposal development, sample collection, and lab analysis period, and from March 2020-June to 2021 data entry, analysis, and writing period. A serum sample was collected from each study participant for the lipid and hsCRP analyses and whole blood for hematological parameter determination. The socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants were obtained through a well-structured questionnaire. Results The ASCVD-risk group had significantly higher mean platelet volume (MPV), which was associated with the presence of the risk. Furthermore, hs-CRPs show a significant correlation with MPV in a correlation analysis of highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) with hematological parameters. Thus, using these affordable, routinely tested, and easily available tests may help to infer future ASCVD risk as well as the presence of ASCVD morbidity while hsCRP level in comparison group vs cases requires further study.
Transient Analysis of Electromagnetic Waves Based on Numerical Inversion of Laplace Transform

The advancement of electromagnetic engineering has been driving the need to develop efficient techniques for the transient analysis of transmission, propagation and reception of electromagnetic waves in different media. This thesis addresses a new method based on the numerical inversion of Laplace transform (NILT), which overcomes the restrictions in previous approaches, leads to good accuracy in both late and early time, and has simple algorithms, short calculation time and small required memory sizes. To our knowledge, this would be the first time that systematically treats the theory of NILT and its application in the transient analysis of electromagnetic waves. In this thesis, firstly a literature survey is carried out and the weaknesses and limitations of some current time domain techniques are identified. Then Hosono's algorithm for the NILT is treated and developed under a strict theoretical framework. Next, this new technique based on NILT is employed to model the transient reflection of horizontally and vertically polarized waves from a conductive interface with exponentially decaying incident signals. After that, this technique is combined with Prony's method and applied to modeling the transient reflection from a conductive interface and propagation through a lossy dielectric slab with an arbitrary incident signal for both polarizations. Furthermore, this technique is used for the transient analysis of exponentially decaying pulses propagating in plasma with a zero and nonzero electron collision frequency for both polarizations. The technique is extended and applied to the transient anlysis of horizontally and vertically polarized waves reflected from Lorentz, Debye and Cole-Cole half spaces with an arbitrary incident pulse, using the convolution of a time domain reflection coefficients and an incident signal. Finally, based on the transient anlysis of pulses reflected from a dispersive medium half space, the relationships between the waveform parameters of reflected pulses and the properties of dispersive materials as well as the incident angles are discussed, and the application of these results to material characterization and diagnosis is explored. This thesis highlights how to overcome the restriction that numerical inversion of Laplace transform has high demands on image functions, and places the emphasis on how to
Effectiveness of Disinfecting Caps for Intravenous Access Points in Reducing Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections, Clinical Utilization, and Cost of Care During COVID-19

Purpose Intravenous (IV) access point protectors, serving as passive disinfection devices and a cover between line accesses, are available to help reduce the risk of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). This low-maintenance disinfection solution is particularly valuable in situations with excessive workloads. This study examined the effect of a disinfecting cap for an IV access point on CLABSI rates, hospital length of stay, and cost of care in an inpatient setting during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods The study utilized data from the Premier Healthcare Database, focusing on 200,411 hospitalizations involving central venous catheters between January 2020 and September 2020. Among these cases, 7423 patients received a disinfecting cap, while 192,988 patients did not use any disinfecting caps and followed the standard practice of hub scrubbing. The two cohorts, Disinfecting Cap and No-Disinfecting Cap groups, were compared in terms of CLABSI rates, hospital length of stay (LOS), and hospitalization costs. The analysis accounted for baseline group differences and random clustering effects by employing a 34-variable propensity score and mixed-effect multiple regression, respectively. Results The findings demonstrated a significant 73% decrease in CLABSI rates (p= 0.0013) in the Disinfecting Cap group, with an adjusted CLABSI rate of 0.3% compared to 1.1% in the No-Disinfecting Cap group. Additionally, the Disinfecting Cap group exhibited a 0.5-day reduction in hospital stay (9.2 days versus 9.7 days; p = 0.0169) and cost savings of $6703 ($35,604 versus $42,307; p = 0.0063) per hospital stay compared to the No-Disinfecting Cap group. Conclusion This study provides real-world evidence that implementing a disinfecting cap to protect IV access points effectively reduces the risk of CLABSIs in hospitalized patients compared to standard care, ultimately optimizing the utilization of healthcare resources, particularly in situations where the healthcare system is under significant strain or overloaded.
Recent Strategies and Future Recommendations for the Fabrication of Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Antibiofouling Biomaterials

Abstract Biomaterials and biomedical devices induced life-threatening bacterial infections and other biological adverse effects such as thrombosis and fibrosis have posed a significant threat to global healthcare. Bacterial infections and adverse biological effects are often caused by the formation of microbial biofilms and the adherence of various biomacromolecules, such as platelets, proteins, fibroblasts, and immune cells, to the surfaces of biomaterials and biomedical devices. Due to the programmed interconnected networking of bacteria in microbial biofilms, they are challenging to treat and can withstand several doses of antibiotics. Additionally, antibiotics can kill bacteria but do not prevent the adsorption of biomacromolecules from physiological fluids or implanting sites, which generates a conditioning layer that promotes bacteria’s reattachment, development, and eventual biofilm formation. In these viewpoints, we highlighted the magnitude of biomaterials and biomedical device-induced infections, the role of biofilm formation, and biomacromolecule adhesion in human pathogenesis. We then discussed the solutions practiced in healthcare systems for curing biomaterials and biomedical device-induced infections and their limitations. Moreover, this review comprehensively elaborated on the recent advances in designing and fabricating biomaterials and biomedical devices with these three properties: antibacterial (bacterial killing), antibiofilm (biofilm inhibition/prevention), and antibiofouling (biofouling inhibition/prevention) against microbial species and against the adhesion of other biomacromolecules. Besides we also recommended potential directions for further investigations.
Partial least square-based model predictive control for large-scale manufacturing processes

The Model Predictive Control (MPC) method has been widely adopted as a useful tool to keep quality on target in manufacturing processes. However, the conventional MPC methods are inadequate for large-scale manufacturing processes particularly in the presence of disturbances. The goal of this paper is to propose a Partial Least Square (PLS)-based MPC methodology to accommodate the characteristics of a large-scale manufacturing process. The detailed objectives are: (i) to identify a reliable prediction model that handles the large-scale “short and fat” data; (ii) to design an effective control model that both maximizes the required quality and minimizes the labor costs associated with changing the process parameters; and (iii) to develop an efficient optimization algorithm that reduces the computational burden of the large-scale optimization. The case study and experimental results demonstrate that the presented MPC methodology provides the set of optimal process parameters for quality improvement. In particular, the quality deviations are reduced by 99.4%, the labor costs by 84.2%, and the computational time by 98.8%. As a result, the proposed MPC method will save on both costs and time in achieving the desired quality for a large-scale manufacturing process.
Defining the scalar moment of a seismic source with a general moment tensor

Abstract We compare several published definitions of the scalar moment M 0 , a measure of the size of a seismic disturbance derived from the second-order seismic moment tensor M (with eigenvalues m 1 ≥ m 3 ≥ m 2 ). While arbitrary, a useful definition is in terms of a total moment, M T 0 = M I + M D , where M I = | M |, with M = ( m 1 + m 2 + m 3 )/3, is the isotropic moment, and M D = max(| m j − M |; j = 1, 2, 3), is the deviatoric moment. This definition is consistent with other definitions of M 0 if M is a double couple. This definition also gives physically appealing and simple results for the explosion and crack sources. Furthermore, our definitions of M T 0 , M I and M D are in accord with the parameterization of the moment tensor into a deviatoric part (represented by T which lies in [−1,1]) and a volumetric part (represented by k which lies in [−1, 1]) proposed by Hudson et al. (1989).
A phase Ia/Ib study of novel anti‐ErbB3 monoclonal antibody, barecetamab (ISU104) in refractory solid cancers and monotherapy or in combination with cetuximab in recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer

We evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity of barecetamab monotherapy and combination cetuximab therapy in patients with advanced solid cancers, especially head and neck cancer (HNC). Part 1 was a 3 + 3 dose‐escalation study in which 15 patients received barecetamab at 1, 3, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg intravenously (IV) on days 1 and 28 and weekly in patients with advanced solid cancer. Part 2 was a dose‐expansion study including two patient groups with advanced HNC, including six patients receiving barecetamab at 20 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks and 12 patients receiving barecetamab and cetuximab (400 mg/m2 on day 1 followed by 250 mg/m2 every week). No dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed. Maximum serum target engagement was reached with trough levels of doses ≥3 mg/kg IV weekly. Common adverse drug reactions were diarrhea, stomatitis, dermatitis acneiform and decreased appetite. One durable complete response of more than 17 months was observed, and the overall response and disease control rates were 36.4% (4/11) and 81.1% (9/11), respectively, in the combination therapy group. In conclusion, DLT was not observed in barecetamab at 1 to 20 mg/kg. The recommended phase II dose was determined to be 20 mg/kg triweekly. Barecetamab and in cetuximab combination was well tolerated and demonstrated meaningful antitumor effects.
Recursion relations and infinite product representation for the solution of Sturm-Liouville problem with afinite number of turning points

WeÂ consider theÂ Sturm-Liouville equationÂ with a finite number ofÂ turning points. Using the asymptotic estimatesÂ for an appropriateÂ fundamental system of solutions we show that if one obtains the asymptotic solution of anÂ initial value problem correspond to this equation, in theÂ first interval the asymptotic solution in the remaining intervals can be obtainedÂ recursively. Furthermore, we study the infinite productÂ representation of solutions of the equation. Such representations are usefulÂ in the associated studies of inverse spectral problems for suchÂ equations.
Breastfeeding moderates childhood obesity risk associated with prenatal exposure to excessive gestational weight gain

Abstract Gaining excessive gestational weight may increase obesity risk in the offspring, while breastfeeding lowers that risk. Using data from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Programme for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) in Southern California, we examined the associations between gestational weight gain (GWG), breastfeeding during infancy and childhood obesity at 2–4 years, and determined whether breastfeeding moderated the association between GWG and childhood obesity. GWG was based on weight measurements collected during the first trimester and within a month before delivery. GWG values were standardized by gestational age (GWG z‐scores), per maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and categorized into tertiles. Fully breastfeeding duration was determined by WIC infant package data indicating the amount of infant formula received monthly. Children's length (or height) and weight measurements were used to calculate BMI‐for‐age z‐scores and identify obesity (z‐score ≥ 95th percentile). Multivariable linear and modified Poisson regression analyses were conducted. Fully breastfeeding moderated the association between GWG z‐scores tertile and obesity in the offspring. Each additional month of fully breastfeeding was associated with 3%–5% obesity risk reduction for each age group and GWG z‐scores tertile, except at age 4 years for children whose mothers had low GWG z‐scores (tertile 1). Shorter fully breastfeeding duration was associated with greater obesity risk among children of mothers with high GWG z‐scores (tertile 3), but not for those whose mothers had low GWG z‐scores. Longer fully breastfeeding duration may provide greater protection against obesity among children at higher risk due to intrauterine exposure to high gestational weight gain.
Imaging of the Diaphragm Following Cardiac Surgery: Focus on Ultrasonographic Assessment

Diaphragm dysfunction is a common complication following cardiac surgery. Its clinical impact is variable, ranging from the absence of symptoms to the acute respiratory failure. Post‐operative diaphragm dysfunction may negatively affect patients' prognosis delaying the weaning from the mechanical ventilation (MV), extending the time of hospitalization and increasing mortality. Ultrasonography is a valid tool to evaluate diaphragmatic impairment in different settings, like the Intensive Care Unit, to predict successful weaning from the MV, and the Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit, to stratify patients in terms of risk of functional recovery failure. The aim of this review is to describe the pathophysiology of post‐cardiac surgery diaphragm dysfunction, the techniques used for its diagnosis and the potential applications of diaphragm ultrasound.
[Profile of glucose lowering drug use in outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].

BACKGROUND The use of glucose lowering agents with favorable weight profile is a growing practice in Diabetology. AIM To characterize medication combinations in patients with type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and their effect on metabolic control. MATERIAL AND METHODS Review of medical records of 249 outpatients with T2D with a median age of 66 years, cared for at a medical network. Clinical characteristics, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), details of Diabetes treatment (types of drugs or insulin), renal function, lipids and B12 vitamin levels were registered. RESULTS The median disease duration was 16 years. The most recent HbA1c was 7.4%. No patient was using sulfonylureas, 45 were using Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, 113 were using Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2i) Inhibitors, 21 used Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP1ra), 158 used basal insulin and 61 on basal plus bolus insulin. The use of SGLT2i or GLP1ra was associated with a metabolic control similar to those patients not using them, while patients on rapid insulin had a significantly worse metabolic control and a tendency to greater body mass index. The use of basal insulin and rapid insulin was significantly associated with more hypoglycemia events. CONCLUSIONS The use of SGLT2i and GLP1ra in patients with T2D is associated with better metabolic control than rapid insulin with less risk of hypoglycemia. The use of these therapies should be prioritized in the future.
[Motivation and satisfaction of medical students participating in an educational intervention on Pathology].

BACKGROUND Undergraduate Pathology training in medicine is based on modalities centered on the teacher and associated with controlled motivation, with low satisfaction with the educational process. According to the Self-determination Theory, an early participation with responsibilities in clinical practice and an educational environment that promotes autonomy and basic psychological needs satisfaction (BPNS), would generate intrinsic motivation. AIM To develop an educational intervention based on the pathologists' workplace model, which supports a learning environment intended to the satisfaction of BPNS in medical students. To evaluate the results of the intervention on the levels of motivation and satisfaction. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the first phase of the study, an educational modality focused on the student was planned, consisting of the design of a pathological clinical case (DPC), performing the specialist's steps under minimal supervision and a contextualized environment. In the second phase, the level of satisfaction (Scale of student experience) and intrinsic motivation in 3rd year medical students was evaluated. RESULTS After the intervention, 99 students showed high levels of satisfaction (94% of agreement) and intrinsic motivation (6.7 of 7 points), including all sub-scales. They considered that their competences had increased and assessed the intervention as useful. CONCLUSIONS DPC is an innovative, feasible and attractive methodology for Pathology learning, with a high degree of satisfaction and intrinsic motivation. This experience can be extended to similar disciplines.
Understanding the structure–property relationship of bispecific monoclonal antibodies with Fc site-specific substitutions

ABSTRACT Development of novel bispecific antibody (bsAb) platforms offers unprecedented opportunities for a wide variety of therapeutic applications. However, the expression and manufacturing of bsAbs with desired structures can be challenging. Owing to the uniqueness of each bsAb platform, more comprehensive and customized structural characterization is particularly important to understand the chemical or biological reactivity of bsAbs, as well as to guide process development, risk assessment, and manufacturing. In this work, we performed higher order structure characterization of the Regeneron bsAb platform with Fc site-specific substitutions through hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). Structural deprotection was identified at the CH2-CH3 interface in the Fc domain, owing to the site-specific substitutions. The structural deprotection was found to correlate with the decreased conformational stability of Fc domain. Under oxidative and thermal stress conditions, the Met residues located near the structurally deprotected region were identified to be susceptible to oxidation. In addition, the introduction of substitutions in the bsAb Fc resulted in a slight reduction of its binding affinity to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). The detailed structural elucidation by HDX-MS improves understanding of the structure–property relationship of the Regeneron bsAb format, thus greatly aiding in process development, risk assessment, and manufacturing.
Milk Ladder for Cow's Milk Reintroduction in infants with IgE-mediated Cow's Milk Allergy: an adapted version to the Spanish population.

Servicio de Alergología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos -IdISSC; ARADyAL, Center RD16/0006/0009, Madrid, Spain. Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Ensayos Clínicos-UICEC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. Facultad de Salud. Universidad Internacional de la Rioja, Logroño, Spain. Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. Servicio de Alergología, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain. Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria -IRYCIS, ARADyAL, Center RD16/0006/0009, Madrid, Spain. Unidad de Alergia Pediátrica. Servicio de Alergología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón -IISGM, Madrid, Spain. Unidad de Alergología, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain. Servicio de Alergología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain. Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain. Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.
BTK抑制剂、维奈克拉联合利妥昔单抗治疗慢性淋巴细胞白血病/小淋巴细胞淋巴瘤的疗效及安全性

Efficacy and safety of BTK inhibitor, venetoclax and rituximab in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma Jiang Rui, Dai Luomengjia, Sha Yeqin, Xia Yi, Miao Yi, Qin Shuchao, Wu Wei, Qiu Jingyan, Bi Hongling, Wang Li, Fan Lei, Xu Wei, Li Jianyong, Zhu Huayuan Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China; Pukou CLL Center, Pukou Division of Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 211800, China Corresponding author: Zhu Huayuan, Email: huayuan.zhu@hotmail.com