Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple Levels of Triggered Factors and the Obligated Requirement of Cell-to-Cell Movement in the Mutation Repair of Cucumber Mosaic Virus with Defects in the tRNA-like Structure

Simple Summary Based on analysis of the tRNA-like structure (TLS) mutation in cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), mutation repair is correlated with several levels of triggered factors, including the dose of inoculation of virus mutants, the quantity effect on corresponding viral RNA, and the quality effect on corresponding viral RNA. All types of TLS mutation in different RNAs of CMV can be repaired at a low dose around the dilution end-point. At a high dose of inoculation, TLS mutations in RNA2 and RNA3, but not RNA1, can be repaired, which correlates with the relative quantity defect of RNA2 or the genome size defect of RNA3. In addition, all the above types of mutation repair necessarily require cell-to-cell movement, which presents the obligated effect of cell-to-cell movement on mutation repair. Abstract Some debilitating mutations in RNA viruses are repairable; however, the triggering factors of mutation repair remain largely unknown. In this study, multiple triggering factors of mutation repair are identified based on genetic damage to the TLS in CMV. TLS mutations in different RNAs distinctively impact viral pathogenicity and present different types of mutation repair. RNA2 relative reduction level or RNA3 sequence change resulting from TLS mutation is correlated with a high rate of mutation repair, and the TLS mutation of RNA1 fails to be repaired at the high inoculum dose. However, the TLS mutation of RNA1 can be repaired at a low dose of inoculation, particularly around the dilution end-point or in the mixed inoculation with RNA2 having a pre-termination mutation of the 2b gene, an RNAi suppressor. Taken together, TLS mutations resulting in quality or quantity defects of the viral genome or TLS mutations at low doses around the dilution end-point are likely to be repaired. Different levels of TLS mutation repair necessarily require cell-to-cell movement, therefore implying its obligated effect on the evolution of low-fitness viruses and providing a new insight into Muller’s ratchet. This study provides important information on virus evolution and the application of mild viral vaccines.
Pathogenesis of Periodontitis: An Overview

Periodontitis is the severe inflammation of the tissues surrounding and supporting the tooth like gingiva, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligament. Many studies have tried to explain the pathogenesis of periodontitis focusing in many parameters such as the roles of the host pathways, the molecular and genetic factors, the bacterial biofilm mass, and the patient’s susceptibility. The main objective of this article is to review the most relevant and comprehensive models of the pathophysiology of periodontitis and emphasize factors including the presence of systemic conditions and genetic that play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic and aggressive periodontitis.
Feminismo e Redes Sociais Online: uma Análise de Tweets sobre o Dia Internacional da Mulher

As redes sociais estão desempenhando um papel cada vez mais importante no suporte a discursos e agendas do movimento feminista atual. Visando identificar quais as temáticas abordadas pela agenda feminista ao redor do mundo e quais polaridades estão presentes nessas manifestações, este trabalho analisa dados coletados do Twitter relacionados ao Dia Internacional da Mulher. Para isso, foram aplicadas modelagem de tópicos e análise de sentimento. Os dados utilizados foram coletados em tempo real durante os dias anteriores e posteriores ao 8 de março nos anos de 2020 e 2021. Os resultados mostraram que as temáticas encontradas variam de um ano para o outro, mas todos estão confluentes com o movimento. E ainda, existem tópicos que sempre são abordados e que a polaridade em relação a essas manifestações tende a ser de maioria neutra.
Benefits and harmfulness of the use of bisphosphonate in the osseointegration process for dental implants in patients with osteoporosis: a concise systematic review

Introduction: In the scenario of implantology and osteoporosis, it is highlighted that the high need and use of treatments related to dental implants result from the combined effect of several factors, highlighting aging and bone fragility. In this context, osteoporosis is a global bone disease prevalent in human aging. Bisphosphonates (BPs) are commonly used as therapy because they influence hard and soft tissue calcium metabolism. Objective: It was to present the main considerations and scientific evidence of the use of bisphosphonate in the osseointegration process for dental implants in patients with osteoporosis, as well as to emphasize the harm caused by the occurrence of osteonecrosis. Methods: The rules of the Systematic Review-PRISMA Platform were followed. The research was carried out from February 2022 to May 2022 and developed based on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 110 articles were found. In total, 58 articles were fully evaluated and 28 were included and evaluated in this study. Of the initial total of articles, 26 articles were excluded because they did not meet the GRADE classification, and 4 were excluded because they presented a risk of bias. It was concluded that osteoporosis is a metabolic condition that affects alveolar bone density, which may compromise the dental implant process. Therefore, the careful use of bisphosphonates is necessary for the osseointegration process, however, dental surgeons are encouraged to know the diagnosis so that they can make a careful assessment, observing the quality of the bone through routine imaging exams, to prevent osteonecrosis. In addition, alendronate sodium is used to decrease bone resorption, being an adjuvant therapeutic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis.
IMPROVED PERFORMANCE OF DOUBLE-T MONOPOLE ANTENNA FOR 2.4/5.6 GHZ DUAL-BAND WLAN OPERATION USING ARTIFICIAL MAGNETIC CONDUCTORS

A novel artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure for realizing gain enhancement of a double-T monopole antenna for 2.4/5.6 GHz dual-band WLAN operation is presented. First, an initial AMC unit cell is proposed, and a 2 × 5 array of this unit cell is placed behind a double-T monopole antenna as a ground plane, then the AMC structure is modified and improved to achieve better performance. Briefly, more than 4dB gain improvement and other desirable characteristics including suitable radiation patterns and adequate bandwidths are reported from the simulation results of the final designed structure, and the simulation is performed by CST MWS 2014 in any of the mentioned frequencies. Finally, the validity and applicability of this design are demonstrated through experimental results of the fabricated antenna.
Feature Fusion Based Adversarial Example Detection Against Second-Round Adversarial Attacks

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) achieve remarkable performances in various areas. However, adversarial examples threaten their security. They are designed to mislead CNNs to output incorrect results. Many methods are proposed to detect adversarial examples. Unfortunately, most detection-based defense methods are vulnerable to second-round adversarial attacks, which can simultaneously deceive the base model and the detector. To resist such second-round adversarial attacks, handcrafted steganalysis features are introduced to detect adversarial examples, while such a method receives low accuracy at detecting sparse perturbations. In this article, we propose to combine handcrafted features with deep features via a fusion scheme to increase the detection accuracy and defend against second-round adversarial attacks. To avoid deep features being overwhelmed by high-dimensional handcrafted features, we propose an expansion-then-reduction process to compress the dimensionality of handcrafted features. Experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art adversarial example detection methods and remains robust under various second-round adversarial attacks.
Mental and sexual health perspectives of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder •

Abstract After introduction of compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) in the ICD-11, many questions regarding etiology, classification and diagnostic criteria remain unanswered, providing rationale for further research. In this commentary, we critically review the ongoing discussion reflected in some relevant articles, and try to point out the risks of oversimplification of the broad clinical phenomenon, as well as attract attention to the neglected aspects, such as psychosexual development, intimacy disorder and the role of sexological expertise in the assessment and treatment of individuals presenting with out-of-control sexual behaviors. We also advocate for multimodal, transtheoretical approach and suggest that CSBD may be reconsidered as a condition related to sexual health.
First insights into the gut microbiomes and the diet of the Littorina snail ecotypes, a recently emerged marine evolutionary model

Microbes can play a prominent role in the evolution of their hosts, facilitating adaptation to various environments and promoting ecological divergence. The Wave and Crab ecotypes of the intertidal snail Littorina saxatilis is an evolutionary model of rapid and repeated adaptation to environmental gradients. While patterns of genomic divergence of the Littorina ecotypes along the shore gradients have been extensively studied, their microbiomes have been so far overlooked. The aim of the present study is to start filling this gap by comparing gut microbiome composition of the Wave and Crab ecotypes using metabarcoding approach. Since Littorina snails are micro‐grazers feeding on the intertidal biofilm, we also compare biofilm composition (i.e. typical snail diet) in the crab and wave habitats. In the results, we found that bacterial and eukaryotic biofilm composition varies between the typical habitats of the ecotypes. Further, the snail gut bacteriome was different from outer environments, being dominated by Gammaproteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidia and Alphaproteobacteria. There were clear differences in the gut bacterial communities between the Crab and the Wave ecotypes as well as between the Wave ecotype snails from the low and high shores. These differences were both observed in the abundances and in the presence of different bacteria, as well as at different taxonomic level, from bacterial OTU's to families. Altogether, our first insights show that Littorina snails and their associated bacteria are a promising marine system to study co‐evolution of the microbes and their hosts, which can help us to predict the future for wild species in the face of rapidly changing marine environments.
Um modelo de programação matemática para o problema Weighted Minimum Broadcast Time

Para uma cidade ser classificada como "inteligente", ela precisa ter sensores espalhados por ela. A disseminação de dados em uma rede de sensores é um dos desafios que deve ser superado. Em particular, um problema de broadcasting é o WEIGHED MINIMUM BROADCAST TIME (WMBT). O WMBT é um problema de disseminação de dados cujo objetivo é encontrar um esquema de disseminação que minimize o número de passos necessários para executar a operação de disseminação. Será apresentado uma aplicação do WMBT para o processo de atualização de firmware de dispositivos em uma rede Bluetooth. Será apresentado um modelo matemático para o WMBT. Esta proposta comparou com adaptações de heurísticas do estado-da-arte. Os resultados experimentais mostram que o modelo pode ser aplicado para resolver o WMBT.
First study on response of astrocytes in alevines of red-bellied pacu (Piaractus brachypomus) to subchronic exposure to chlorpyrifos and trichlorfon

Background and Aim: Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) used in agricultural production pose environmental and public health risks whenever non-target organisms are exposed to them. Oxon-type OPs, such as trichlorfon (TCF) and chlorpyrifos (CPF), are frequently used in Colombia and have been detected in water bodies in the vicinity of croplands; however, their effect on aquatic organisms, especially fish, is largely unknown. The neurotoxicity of OPs includes inhibition of esterase enzymes, neuronal damage, and increased glial reactivity. This study aimed to assess the astrocytic response in the brain tissue of juvenile red-bellied pacu (Piaractus brachypomus) exposed to TCF and CPF. Materials and Methods: A 25-day subchronic assay was conducted in which juvenile red-bellied pacu were exposed to CPF and TCF. After 25 days of exposure, the fish were killed and brain samples were collected and processed for immunohistochemistry to assess the morphology and reactivity of astrocytes; glial acidic fibrillary protein was used as a biomarker. Results: The brain samples from animals under subchronic exposure to OPs for 25 days showed higher cellular density as well as changes in astrocyte phenotype characterized by shortening of cytoplasmic projections, hypertrophy, and ameboid morphology compared to those from nonexposed animals. Similarly, astrocyte hyperreactivity was detected in the optic tectum and medial longitudinal fasciculus of the exposed group. Conclusion: Immunoreactivity of brain glial cells under subchronic exposure to OPs measured through immunohistochemical tests as well as OPs-induced neuropathology may be useful as a biomarker for monitoring environmental pollution. The results also indicate that P. brachypomus is a suitable biomonitoring model for studying neurotoxicological and neurodegenerative diseases.
Speeding extreme cold events under global warming

Regional anthropogenic warming caused stronger and shorter cold events in the winter (December–February) of 2020–21, with the strongest cooling of −10 °C covering an area of 1.63 × 107 km2 over East Asia. In contrast to previous cold events, the extreme cold events in 2020–21 were a result of meridional circulation change due to stronger regional anthropogenic warming. Our results show a multi-aspect anthropogenic effect in the process of cold events, and illustrate that anthropogenic effect played a role not only in the thermodynamic process but also in the dynamic process. The exchange of equilibrium from low to high index does not take fewer cold events anymore; new principles on equilibrium have appeared and will soon play an effect in more fields of climate change.
Current state and future trends in boundary layer control on lifting surfaces

Successful flow control may bring numerous benefits, such as flow stabilization, flow reattachment, separation delay, drag reduction, lift increase, aerodynamic performance improvement, energy efficiency increase, shock delay or weakening, noise reduction, etc. For these purposes, many different flow control devices, which can be classified as passive, semi-active and active, have been designed and tested. This review paper aims to highlight the most promising and commonly employed boundary layer control methods as well as outline their potential in specific applications in aerospace and energy engineering. Referenced studies, performed on various geometries (flat plates, channels, airfoils, wings, blades, cylinders), are primarily numerical or experimental. Although enhanced aerodynamic performance is achieved in many cases, further research is required to draw general conclusions. This paper aims to demonstrate that, in the future, we may expect further developments of flow control actuators, as well as their increased application.
A population-based descriptive study of neonatal abstinence syndrome using hospital discharge and birth certificate data

ABSTRACT Background Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), largely a consequence of prenatal opioid exposure, results in substantial morbidity. Population-based studies of NAS going beyond Medicaid populations and hospital discharge data (HDD) alone are limited. Using statewide Tennessee (TN) HDD and birth certificate (BC) data, we examined trends and evaluated maternal and infant factors associated with NAS. Methods We conducted a population-based descriptive study during 2013–2017 in TN. NAS infants were identified with International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9-Clinical Modification (CM) and ICD-10-CM codes in HDD and linked to BC data using iterative deterministic matching algorithms. Descriptive analyses were conducted for infant and maternal factors (exposures) by NAS (outcome). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted ORs and 95% CIs. Results NAS incidence increased from 13.4 to 15.4 per 1,000 live births between 2013 and 2017 (15% increase; ptrend <0.001), but remained stable in 2017. In adjusted models, maternal factors associated with reduced odds of NAS included breastfeeding (OR:0.55, 95%CI:0.52–0.59) and prenatal care (OR:0.36, 95%CI:0.32–0.41). Smoking, preterm birth, and lower birthweight were associated with increased odds of NAS. Conclusions This study highlights the value of utilizing surveillance data to monitor trends and correlates of NAS to inform prevention efforts and targeting of public health resources.
High Selectivity Waveguide Filtering Antennas Using Mixed-Mode Cavity Resonator

In this article, high selectivity filtering antennas are designed based on a mixed-mode cavity resonator, which is formed by adding a short-circuited metal cylinder at the center of a rectangular cavity. The resonant and coupling characteristics of the proposed resonator are analyzed in detail. The operating modes of the mixed-mode cavity are TE102 mode, TE012 mode, and quasi-TEM mode, which can be utilized to design filtering antennas with different transmission zero distributions. To demonstrate the concept, three slot antennas with 3rd-order filtering performance are designed and simulated, where two transmission zeros are introduced to improve the selectivity. Furthermore, a 5th-order filtering antenna array based on the mixed-mode resonator is designed and fabricated. The measured results are consistent with the simulated results, showing that a gain of greater than 13 dBi is achieved.
Semántica composicional y gramática: los adjetivos en la interficie lexico-sintaxis

This paper deals with the way the meanings of certain classes of adjectives are obtained once the adjective combines with some given nouns and verbs through the operation of syntactic rules. Its main proposal is that adjectives enter the syntax underspecified with regard to certain aspects of their meaning; their final meaning is generated via the interaction of elements of their qualia (Pustejovsky 1995) with aspects of the lexical entries of nouns and verbs (their qualia, again, as well as their event arguments). From the empirical point of view the paper analizes (a) the ambiguity of measure relational adjectives, (b) the intersective and non-intersective readings of evaluative adjectives, (c) the manner reading added to subject oriented secondary predicates in construction with certain process verbs, (d) the stage-level and individual-level predicates associated with causative verbs, and (e) the ambiguity of movement verbs having a path function in their lexical-conceptual structures. From the theoretical point of view, the paper studies the application of two types of lexical-semantic rules: co-composition' and selective binding'. The main implication of the analysis proposed is that processes of LF level are sensitive to elements of lexical-conceptual structures.
ESTRATÉGIAS DE FINANCEIRIZAÇÃO NO AGRO: TRÊS CASOS DE INVESTIMENTOS NA AGRICULTURA E NOS MERCADOS DE TERRAS NO BRASIL

El presente articulo analiza comparativamente tres casos de inversiones financieras y de capital extranjero en Brasil que apuntan a distintas formas de control de la producción y de la tierra: las inversiones del endowment de la Universidad de Harvard; los negocios del fondo canadiense Brookfield; y la empresa Ipanema Coffees, que reúne capital brasileño, alemán y japonés. El estudio corrobora los análisis que asocian el control de la tierra, la financiarización y la internacionalización del capital. Además, problematiza enfoques que apuntan a movimientos puramente especulativos en el contexto de la relación entre finanzas y tierra. Los tres casos muestran las formas en que la lógica financiera está presente, conectada y, en gran medida, dependiente de los resultados productivos agrícolas.
A Lego- Brick Approach to Lossy Source Coding

Coding schemes for the lossy source coding problem are developed starting from point-to-point channel codes that are designed for symmetric channels. Bounds on the attained average distortion of the coding schemes are derived in terms of the parameters of the point-to-point channel codes. Assuming that the constituent channel codes satisfy some properties on the rate, the error probability and the input-output distribution of the decoding functions, the performance guarantees hold irrespective of other properties of the codes. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed coding schemes achieve the rate-distortion bound, provided that the constituent codes are rate-optimal. This would allow one to leverage commercial off-the-shelf codes for point-to-point symmetric channels in the practical implementation of lossy source codes.
The replica symmetric formula for the SK model revisited

We provide a simple extension of Bolthausen’s Morita-type proof of the replica symmetric formula [E. Bolthausen, “A Morita type proof of the replica-symmetric formula for SK,” in Statistical Mechanics of Classical and Disordered Systems, Springer Proceedings in Mathematics and Statistics (Springer, Cham., 2018), pp. 63–93; arXiv:1809.07972] for the Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model and prove the replica symmetry for all ( β, h) that satisfy [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. Compared to the work of Bolthausen [“A Morita type proof of the replica-symmetric formula for SK,” in Statistical Mechanics of Classical and Disordered Systems, Springer Proceedings in Mathematics and Statistics (Springer, Cham., 2018), pp. 63–93; arXiv:1809.07972], the key of the argument is to apply the conditional second moment method to a suitably reduced partition function.
Free-Radical Photopolymerization for Curing Products for Refinish Coatings Market

Even though there are many photocurable compositions that are cured by cationic photopolymerization mechanisms, UV curing generally consists of the formation of cross-linking covalent bonds between a resin and monomers via a photoinitiated free radical polymerization reaction, obtaining a three-dimensional polymer network. One of its many applications is in the refinish coatings market, where putties, primers and clear coats can be cured faster and more efficiently than with traditional curing. All these products contain the same essential components, which are resin, monomers and photoinitiators, the latter being the source of free radicals. They may also include additives used to achieve a certain consistency, but always taking into account the avoidance of damage to the UV curing—for example, by removing light from the innermost layers. Surface curing also has its challenges since it can be easily inhibited by oxygen, although this can be solved by adding scavengers such as amines or thiols, able to react with the otherwise inactive peroxy radicals and continue the propagation of the polymerization reaction. In this review article, we cover a broad analysis from the organic point of view to the industrial applications of this line of research, with a wide current and future range of uses.