Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and Construction of Electronic Muscle Stimulator (EMS)

The project is titled Design and Construction of Electronic Muscle Stimulator (EMS) with embedded time Display unit and Dual Source of Powering. The EMS is a type of electrotherapy device that functions by stimulating muscle contraction using electrical impulses to strengthen weak muscles, reduce swelling, aid in blood circulations that helps to heal wounds. These impulses are generated by the device and deliver through electrode pads over the area that requires stimulation. The impulses from EMS mimic the action potential (the stimulus required to contract the muscle) that naturally comes from central nervous system (CNS). Proteus, software simulation Library was used to simulate the components and to understand the behaviour of the output stage. After that, hardware components were assembled together that gave rise to this EMS apparatus. Designing of the device was completed with different modes tagged Press, Thump, Rub, and vibrate with frequencies 40Hz, 20Hz, 10Hz, and 3Hz respectively. The project was completed and human experiment was carried and result showed that decrease in impedances brings increase in current intensity.
Mathematical and numerical modeling of hydraulic fractures for non-Newtonian fluids

A universal particle velocity based algorithm for simulating hydraulic fractures is proposed. The computations are based on two dependent variables: the crack opening and the reduced particle velocity. The application of the latter facilitates utilisation of the local condition of Stefan type (speed equation) to trace the fracture front. The condition is given in a general explicit form which relates the crack propagation speed (and the crack length) to the solution tip asymptotics.
Two remarks on Heisenberg’s theory of isotropic turbulence

Equation (3) states that the spatial rate of change of the distribution function 2V(r, s) at the position r, in the direction of the unit vector s, is due to three effects which appear on the right side of the equation. They are, in order of their appearance, first, radiation lost through absorption, and scattering out of the direction s; secondly radiation which is scattered from all 4ir solid angle into the direction s. p(0) is the angular differential cross section for the specific process involved. Thirdly there is the source contribution <S. It is assumed in the above equation that a scatter is not accompanied by a change in wave length, n is the total narrow beam absorption coefficient. When the solution of (3) is through expansion processes, Eq. (2) becomes a useful integral formula for reducing the integral of (3) to its equivalent summation. For instance, consider the problem which permits the unit vector s to be replaced by the ordinate angle 6 (e.g., spherical symmetry and infinite plane source). In this case the distribution function may be expanded as
The Asian Monsoon and Its Future Change in Climate Models: A Review

This study provides an overview of the Asian monsoon and its change as simulated by atmosphere–ocean coupled general circulation models and high-resolution atmospheric general circulation models, focusing on the seasonal mean circulation and precipitation climatology. After reviewing the drivers of and the elements that affect the monsoon, the ability of those climate models to reproduce the Asian monsoon is assessed. The Asian monsoon is better reproduced in the Coupled Modeling Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models than in the CMIP3 models, although biases remain. Projected future changes in the Asian monsoon at the end of the 21st century are then reviewed. Overall projections are similar for both CMIP3 and CMIP5 models with increases in precipitation, albeit with weakened circulation in the South Asian summer, enhanced circulation and increased precipitation in the East Asian summer, and latitude-dependent changes in the winter monsoon circulation in East Asia. However, differences exist in the projected local changes, leading to uncertainty in projections.
A co-creational perspective on consumer-organisation relationships (COR) on digital platforms in a post-truth era

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to build forth on the e-CRM and SCRM processes of customer relationship management and to propose a consumer-organisation relationships (COR) process, which is indicative of the centrality of consumer co-creation and a post-truth view. A co-creational perspective is developed and centralised in the conceptual theoretical framework for consumer-organisation relationships on digital platforms in a post-truth era.Method: The conceptual theoretical research was conducted through a combination of systematic and integrative literature review research designs for the purposes of describing and extending existing literature.Findings: COR confirms the role of consumer co-creation and underlines disinformation as a result of the post-truth era. The proposed co-creational perspective demonstrates prominent considerations of consumer engagement and consumer centralism. Co-creation is indicative of the complexity of managing relationships on digital platforms, due to the centrality of consumer co-creation and a post-truth view. Originality: The article advances knowledge on consumer co-creation in a consumer-organisation relationships process. It further offers new perspectives to customer relationship management in its advancement from e-CRM and SCRM to COR, as viewed from consumer and co-creational perspectives. It is contextualised in a post-truth era with consideration of the role of disinformation in consumer-organisation relationships.
Hypernova model for ultra-high energy cosmic rays

There is growing evidence that some hypernovae produce semi-relativistic ejecta that carries a substantial amount of the energy. We show that the semi-relativistic shock front driven by such ejecta can accelerate particles to ultra-high energies. The event rate of hypernovae in the universe is sufficient to provide the observed flux of extragalactic UHECRs. We also discusse the composition of UHECRs in the hypernova model.
Ignorance,
Disinformation, Manipulation and Hate Speech as Effective Tools of Political
Power

The outbreak of the pandemic, military conflicts and political maelstrom have changed the constellation of the information environment, generating a noticeable increase in ignorance, disinformation, manipulation resulting in fake news, conspiracy theories and the hate speech. The phenomena are escalated and intensified by rapid technological progress, widespread digitization and its impact on all areas of life, especially political activity. Due to the changes brought about by the digital revolution, a new social formation has emerged, known as the information society represented not only by politicians and social activists. The modified architecture of digital space causes the formation of new instruments, influence factors, and harmful social phenomena – previously present and recognized, but never before so intense. This article describes and analyses the issue of ignorance, misinformation, disinformation and manipulation as potential and actual tools of political power and terrorism. The study assesses the impact of disinformation, manipulation and hate speech disseminated through social media sites and abused by politicians who use it to build and extend political power. It also examines the impact of these detrimental and injurious phenomena on the functioning of the rule of law, democracy and fundamental human rights. The article defines the terms of ignorance, misinformation and manipulation proving that a language, as a means of communication should be neutral, is actually used for promoting ideology, coming to power, serving hatred, violence, and inciting criminal acts and crimes. Thus, political players worldwide use language and media to justify violence and to spread false ideologies and improve their public image.
Event‐triggered model predictive control of switched systems with denial‐of‐service attacks

Observer‐based model predictive control (MPC) for the discrete‐time switched systems suffered by event‐triggered mechanism and denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks is discussed in this paper. We assume that the switch is slow enough and the attacker's energy is limited. To save network resources, an event‐triggered mechanism is designed based on dwell time and triggered error. Under the coupled influence of attack and trigger, a complex mismatch of system mode and controller mode occurs, which brings difficulties to the transformation of MPC optimization problem. To address this problem, a new performance index coefficient is designed by using the increasing/decreasing law of Lyapunov function. On this basis, the transformation of the optimization problem is realized. Then, the controller gain and observer gain for the attack‐free case are designed to guarantee the exponential convergence of the closed‐loop system. In the presence of attacks, we obtain the upper bound of attack duty cycle, below which the exponential convergence of the system can still be archived. An example is illustrated at last to verify the validity of the main results.
Modulated Information Flows on Random Point Fields

We model continuous-time information flows generated by a number of information sources that switch on and off at random times. By modulating a multi-dimensional information process over a random point field, we explicitly relate the discovery of relevant new information sources to jumps in conditional expectation processes of partially observed signals. We show that the underlying measure-valued process follows jump-diffusion dynamics, where the jumps are governed by information source switches. The dynamic representation gives rise to a set of martingales on random time intervals that capture evolving information states as well as to a state-dependent stochastic volatility evolution with jumps. The nature of information flows usually exhibits complex behaviour, however, we succeed in maintaining analytic tractability by introducing what we term the effective and complementary information processes. The effective information captures in a univariate process all information provided by the active sources, and the complementary information is a function-valued stochastic process which is constant between changes of states. One of the many potential applications is in finance: we associate the signal to a random payoff and price a financial derivative within the modulated information approach. It turns out that the price of a vanilla option can be expressed by a weighted sum of option values based on the possible state configurations at option expiry. This result may be viewed as an information-based analogue of Merton’s option price, but where jump-diffusion arises endogenously. The proposed information flow models also lend themselves to the quantification of informational advantage among competitive agents who have asymmetric information flows.
Electromagnetic coupling to centimeter-scale mechanical membrane resonators via RF cylindrical cavities

We present experimental and theoretical results for the excitation of a mechanical oscillator via radiation pressure with a room-temperature system employing a relatively low-(Q) centimeter-size mechanical oscillator coupled to a relatively low-Q standard three-dimensional radio-frequency (RF) cavity resonator. We describe the forces giving rise to optomechanical coupling using the Maxwell stress tensor and show that nanometer-scale displacements are possible and experimentally observable. The experimental system is composed of a 35 mm diameter silicon nitride membrane sputtered with a 300 nm gold conducting film and attached to the end of a RF copper cylindrical cavity. The RF cavity is operated in its TE 011 mode and amplitude modulated on resonance with the fundamental drum modes of the membrane. Membrane motion is monitored using an unbalanced, non-zero optical path difference, optically filtered Michelson interferometer capable of measuring sub-nanometer displacements.
Miniaturisation d'antennes très large bande pour applications spatiales

De nos jours les applications spatiales necessitent d’embarquer toujours plus d’equipements afin de rendre les missions les plus completes possibles. Cependant l’espace a bord des satellites est une ressource limitee et par consequent, la miniaturisation de l’electronique embarquee est une necessite cruciale. Dans les applications embarquees couvrant plusieurs plages de frequence differentes, l’utilisation d’antennes ultra large bande (ULB) est une solution classique et efficace pour limiter le nombre d’antennes et de circuits associes. Leur miniaturisation presente donc un enjeu scientifique majeur. Une technique de miniaturisation consistant a charger une antenne spirale d’Archimede par un empilement d’anneaux resonants et couples a recemment ete decouverte [1]-[3]. Elle permet une diminution de l’ordre de 35% du diametre de l’antenne sans degradation notable des performances en rayonnement. Les travaux de cette these permettent d’affiner la comprehension physique du role joue par les anneaux dans le phenomene de miniaturisation. Un circuit electrique equivalent est elabore sur la base d’equations integrales utilisant des fonctions d’essai etendues et le concept d’impedance de surface reactive. Ce circuit permet de simuler la reponse electromagnetique des anneaux empiles et couples 10 fois plus vite qu’en utilisant des logiciels de simulation commerciaux et rigoureux. Ce gain de temps est mis a profit pour tester un nombre de combinaisons importants de solutions parmi lesquelles il est possible d’identifier la structure optimale pour la miniaturisation de la spirale d’Archimede chargee par des anneaux empiles et resonants. Pour maximiser l’effet des anneaux resonants couples dans la miniaturisation de l’antenne, le choix de la frequence de resonance des anneaux est crucial. Cette frequence doit etre suffisamment basse et permettre a l’antenne de rester adaptee en impedance sur la bande de frequence la plus large possible. La frequence de resonance des anneaux depend du perimetre deploye des anneaux. Ce perimetre est fixe par le choix du motif de base et par le nombre de ses repetitions le long des anneaux. Une methode rapide pour choisir le motif le plus adapte a la conception de l’antenne miniaturisee est presentee. Cette methode et le circuit electrique equivalent permettent la conception optimisee et rapide d’une antenne ULB miniature. La validation de cette methodologie de conception s’est faite experimentalement sur la base de plusieurs realisations.
Income Elasticity of Imports and External Constraint in Periods of Commodity Export Boom: Evidence for the Brazilian Economy

The work proposal includes verifying: i) whether the increase in the income elasticity of demand for imports (IEDI) in Brazil (between 1997q1 and 2018q4 ) can be explained by the increase in exports; ii) whether this could have occurred as a result of the increase in commodity exports; iii) the mechanisms by which the increase in IEDI occurred, whether through final consumption goods or through intermediate goods; iv) whether this should be considered in models that explain economic growth through the performance of the balance of payments (Thirlwall's Law). Then, to test this, we propose estimates a modified version of the multi-sectoral Thirlwall Law (MSTL). The vector autoregressive (VAR) methodology and the vector error correction model (VECM) were used in the estimations. The results showed that the growth of commodity exports has a significant impact on the increase in the IEDI in the analyzed period, which limits the possibilities for the Brazilian economy to reach a balanced growth trajectory with a higher growth rate in the long term.
Comparison between oral Mycophenolate Mofetil and intravenous Cyclophosphamide for the treatment of the lupus nephritis patients

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a serious type of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that can cause renal failure and death. The goal of this research was to look at the efficacy and safety of intravenous cyclophosphamide (ivCYC) and oral mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for lupus nephritis induction and maintenance therapy. Thirty-eight patients with proliferative lupus nephritis treated with ivCYC (n = 19) or oral MMF (n = 19) were included in this prospective, randomized, comparative study. The standard of therapy for all patients is oral methylprednisolone (1 mg/kg/day), in addition to either oral MMF (2 g/kg/day) for six months or iv-CYC 500 mg every 14 days for six months. Hemoglobin (Hb), serum albumin (sAlb), serum creatinine_(sCR), albumin to creatinine ratio (Alb/Cr ratio) , and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)were measured before and after therapy for participants in both groups. The 19 patients who received MMF had an average age of 31.6± 5.93 years. The mean age of the 19 patients who received ivCYC pulses was 24.95± 3.57 years. Both groups showed a significant difference (P <0.05) before and after laboratory analysis. In comparison, there was no significant variance (P> 0.05) between patients treated with ivCYC and those treated with MMF. By using both therapies, both groups demonstrate considerable improvement. Oral MMF was shown to be equally effective as iv CYC in the long-term therapy of lupus nephritis, with no significant changes in the rate of laboratory testing between the two regimens.
Assessment of Satisfaction Level for Existing Public Transport Systems using Machine Learning: A Case of Bhopal (India)

Most people are now highly dependent on private motorize travel because of the low Satisfaction level of public transit modes. This leads to poor public transit share in most of the cities in India. This study is intended to identifying the influencing parameters; those affect the satisfaction level of a PT mode, and also develop a model for assessing the Satisfaction Level of these public transport modes in Bhopal, India. A Machine Learning-based approach is used to analyze 1189 responses from the user. It classifies data in various dimensions that shape customers satisfaction among each mode of public transport (i.e. BRTS, Mini-Buses and Magic-Van service) and develops a model for evaluating the overall satisfaction of these PT modes in Bhopal. An On-board opinion surveys were done for identifying the parameters which influence the Satisfaction of these PT modes and also develop a model for evaluating the Satisfaction of these modes. Based on the literature, Delphi survey and opinion survey, eight parameters have been identified that influence the satisfaction level of these modes in Bhopal. Further by correlation matrix, most influencing parameters (key parameters) were considered amongst them for evaluating the satisfaction level for these modes. To determine the coefficient values acting from each of the respective elementary scores, we used a trained linear regression, multilinear regression, considering the classification of customers who assessed the performance of their satisfaction. This model will help to increase the Satisfaction of these PT Modes which result to increase the transit ridership in Bhopal. Adopted methodology in this study can help decision-makers to improve public transport services so that transit ridership can be improved.
The SHiP experiment and its detector for neutrino physics

SHIP is a new general purpose fixed target facility, proposed at the CERN SPS accelerator. In its initial phase the 400GeV proton beam will be dumped on a heavy target with the aim of integrating 2 10 20 pot in 5 years. A detector downstream of the target will allow to search long-lived exotic particles with masses below O(10) GeV/c 2 forseen in extension of the Standard Model. Another dedicated detector, that will be the focus of this talk, will allow to study active neutrino crosssections and angular distributions. The neutrino detector consists of an emulsion target, based on the Emulsion Cloud Chamber technology fruitfully employed in the OPERA experiment. The Emulsion Cloud Chamber will be placed in a magnetic field, with the so-called Compact Emulsion spectrometer, a few cm thick chamber for the charge and momentum measurement of hadrons. This will provide the leptonic number measurement also in the hadronic tau decay channels. The detector will be hybrid, using nuclear emulsions and electronic detectors for the time stamp of the events and the measurement of the muon momentum. The muon system will also be based on the design of the one used in the OPERA experiment.
Motor Flux Estimator Based on Phase-Locked Loop and PI Regulator at Low Speed

Abstract Voltage model has been widely used in the field of motor control due to the advantages of the simple structure and less parameters required. A novel motor flux estimator based on phase-locked loop and proportional-integral (PI) regulator is proposed in this paper. This estimator calculates the set point of the torque component of electromotive force (EMF) through synchronous frequency and flux. Then, errors between the set point and the actual value of the EMF torque component are corrected by PI regulator to estimate the flux. This method avoids the problem of the saturation brought by the traditional integrator and the problem of the initial phase error. It also solves the magnitude and phase error problems at low speed in the flux estimator based on the low-pass filter. Finally, the simulation and the experiments are implemented on a cycloconverter-fed motor drive system to verify the effectiveness of this method. Simulation results show that this algorithm works very well at 0.2 Hz, and experimental results show that this algorithm can work well at 0.5 Hz. Meanwhile, this algorithm could detect the initial position of the rotor of separately excited synchronous motor.
Cubic Spline Regression: An Application to Early Bipolar Disorder Dynamics

Owing to the fact that the major challenge of predicting the risk of having bipolar is the absence of a gold standard to distinguish between true cases and false positive; this study employed the extension of cubic spline function to the multinomial model to explore the risk tendency of unnoticed early bipolar across three different groups of mood disorder. The intermediate group was used to accommodate for false negative and false positive while mapping the true value of bipolar risk tendency across the three groups to a scale. Hence for all distributions of “yes” ticked in a mood disorder questionnaire, the study predicts the bipolar risk tendency while simultaneously accommodating for the patients response bias. The coefficients of the polynomial are obtained using the maximum likelihood method. The spline graph reveals how bipolar disorder build up slowly and lingers in the body for long without been noticed due to fluctuations in risk tendency of the mood scores.
Privacy-Preserving Bloom Filter-Based Keyword Search Over Large Encrypted Cloud Data

To achieve the search over encrypted data in cloud server, Searchable Encryption (SE) has attracted extensive attention from both academic and industrial fields. The existing Bloom filter-based SE schemes can achieve similarity search, but will generally incur high false positive rates, and even leak the privacy of values in Bloom filters (BF). To solve the above problems, we first propose a basic Privacy-preserving Bloom filter-based Keyword Search scheme using the Circular Shift and Coalesce-Bloom Filter (CSC-BF) and Symmetric-key Hidden Vector Encryption (SHVE) technology (namely PBKS), which can achieve effective search while protecting the values in BFs. Then, we design a new index structure T-CSCBF utilizing the Twin Bloom Filter (TBF) technology. Based on this, we propose an improved scheme PBKS+, which assigns a unique inclusion identifier to each position in each BF with privacy protection. Formal security analysis proves that our schemes are secure against Indistinguishability under Selective Chosen-Plaintext Attack (IND-SCPA), and extensive experiments using real-world datasets demonstrate that our schemes are feasible in practice.