Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genre, diffusion et adoption des technologies de gestion durable des terres dans les petites exploitations familiales des pays en voie de développement : une revue

La gestion durable des terres (GDT) est devenue un moyen pour combattre l’insécurité alimentaire et fournir un revenu adéquat aux producteurs dans les Pays En Voie de Développement (PEVD) face à la baisse de la fertilité des sols. Cet article avait pour but de synthétiser 145 documents sélectionnés dans la base de données Scopus menés sur les technologies de GDT pour ressortir les facteurs clés qui motivent leur adoption et les approches de diffusion appréciées pour leur mise à l’échelle. Les déterminants ont été regroupés en 4 sous-groupes. Le premier groupe était constitué des facteurs psycho-sociodémographiques. Le deuxième groupe était constitué des facteurs économiques. Le troisième groupe était constitué des facteurs institutionnels et le quatrième niveau concernerait les facteurs biophysiques. Cette revue et synthèse attire l’attention sur le fait de rendre palpable la participation des producteurs en les plaçant au coeur du processus d’adoption. Améliorer les taux d’adoption faible constaté passe donc par une batterie de mesures de politiques agricoles dans ces PEVD. Il faudra proposer des technologies types adaptées aux profils des agriculteurs et à l’environnement de leurs parcelles tout en travaillant sur l’amélioration de leur condition économique en passant par la fourniture de services institutionnels adéquats. Une attention particulière doit être apportée à la gente féminine qui est souvent laissée pour compte. Sustainable land management (SLM) has become a means to combat food insecurity and provide adequate income to smallholders in developing countries (DC). This article synthesizes 145 papers selected from the SCOPUS database conducted on SLM technologies to highlight the key factors that motivate their adoption and the dissemination approaches appreciated for their scaling up. The determinants were grouped into 4 subgroups. The first group is made up of psycho-socio-demographic factors. The second group is made up of economic factors. The third group consisted of institutional factors and the fourth level concerned biophysical factors. This review and synthesis draws attention to making the participation of smallholders tangible by placing them at the heart of the adoption process. Improving the observed low adoption rates therefore requires a battery of agricultural policy measures in these DC. It will be necessary to offer standard technologies adapted to the profiles of farmers and the environment of their plots while working on improving their economic condition through the provision of adequate institutional service. Particular attention must be paid to women who are often overlooked.
THE INTERNET AS A TOOL FOR INFORMATION AND EDUCATION: THE CASE OF OTA COMMUNITY IN NIGERIA

One of the best known traditional functions of the mass media is to foster education. The mass media aid both formal and informal education: the ultimate instruments for national development. The Internet has revolutionized communication and consequently, the nature and the structure of education. This study examines the Internet access and usage among residents of Ado-Odo Ota local government area of Ogun State in Nigeria. It is commonly said that we live in an information age. Nothing has changed the nature as well as the process of sharing information and knowledge as the advent of the Internet. The potentials of the Internet have been so celebrated that several scholars have described it as the leveler of the differences between the information rich and information poor nations. Considering the seemingly limitless information and educational materials on the Internet; it is also assumed that every society would have equal right to development. However, the issue of access has limited the seeming advantages derivable from the Internet, particularly in the developing world, of which Nigeria is one. This study explores 16 communities’ access to the Internet, their means of accessing it and levels of benefits. The survey method was used for the study. For societies to benefit from the Internet, the barrier of availability must be surmounted.
Multidimensional Impact of COVID-19 on the Indian Education Sector

The article discusses the impact of COVID-19 on the education sector in India and aims at providing suggestions to build a resilient Indian education system. The findings and suggestions highlighted in the article are based on the personal experiences and learning of the author during this pandemic. Lack of awareness of technology, a lack of administrative support toward the implementation, a lack of an attitude towards transforming the education system, a lack of support from the government on the financial front and a lack of willingness among students to accept online learning are found to be major hurdles in the path of shifting from face-to-face learning to online learning during this crisis. Given that the level of proactive and disciplined learning is lower in online learning when compared with traditional learning in emerging nations, the article strongly recommends the need for educational application development to carry out the teaching-related practices and proliferate the impact of the pandemic on the education sector. JEL Codes: I21, I23
Ground Motion Model for the Vertical-to-Horizontal (V/H) Ratios of PGA, PGV, and Response Spectra

We present a ground motion model (GMM) for the vertical-to-horizontal (V/H) ratios of peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and 5%-damped pseudo-acceleration response spectra at periods ranging from 0.01 s to 10 s. The V/H GMM includes formulations for the median V/H ratio and for the aleatory within-event, between-event, and total standard deviations. The V/H model is based on the GMMs we have developed for the vertical and “average” horizontal components of ground motion using a mathematical formation that accounts for the correlation between these two components. We validated the V/H model against the NGA-West2 empirical database. We consider our V/H model to be valid for worldwide shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions for moment magnitudes ranging from 3.3 to 8.5, depending on the style of faulting, and for fault rupture distances ranging from 0 km to 300 km. Our V/H model incorporates period-dependent effects of magnitude saturation, style of faulting, hypocentral depth, fault-rupture dip, geometric attenuation, regionally dependent anelastic attenuation and site response, hanging-wall geometry, and magnitude-dependent between-event and within-event aleatory variabilities. The V/H ratios predicted from the model show a strong dependence on spectral period and site response.
Sex-Specific Genes Identified in Sea Urchin Gonads are Expressed Prior to Metamorphosis

A great collaboration between the germline and somatic cells of an organism is the creation of a functional gonad. Here we begin to test this mechanism in a sea urchin by use of RNA-seq, and quantitative mRNA measurements throughout the life cycle of the sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus (Lv). We found through de novo analyses that the ovary and testis of this echinoderm contains the many transcripts predicted for gamete morphology and function, but we also discovered many uncharacterized gene products unique to each gonad. We found that transcripts involved in glycolysis are highly enriched in the ovary compared to the testis, and that Lv has an expansion of nanos genes not observed in other sequenced echinoderms. We developed a pipeline integrating timepoint RNA-seq data throughout development to identify hallmark gene expression in gonads. We found activation of meiotic genes surprisingly early in development, and observed that candidate genes involved in sex determination are first expressed during larval growth, well before metamorphosis. We further discovered that individual larvae express varying levels of male- or female-hallmark genes before metamorphosis, including factors for the germ line, oocyte, sperm, and meiosis related genes. Together these data support the hypothesis that sex determination in the sea urchin is initiated prior to metamorphosis, from a shared profile of male and female factors, and that the many uncharacterized genes unique to the gonads may reveal unique pathways and mechanisms in echinoderm reproduction. Highlight Testis and Ovary of the sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus, have distinct transcriptome profiles L. variegatus gonad RNA-seq reveals the expression of 9 nanos genes The ovary in the sea urchin uniquely expresses genes of the glycolytic pathway, including an ovary-specific transcript of GAPDH Genes involved in meiosis and in sex determination are expressed early in larval development From gene expression profiles we conclude here that sex determination is initiated prior to metamorphosis in this echinoderm