Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complementarity of the Maldacena and Randall-Sundrum pictures

We revive an old result, that one-loop corrections to the graviton propagator induce 1/r3 corrections to the Newtonian gravitational potential, and compute the coefficient due to closed loops of the U(N) 𝒩 = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory that arises in Maldacena's AdS/CFT correspondence. We find exact agreement with the coefficient appearing in the Randall-Sundrum brane-world proposal. This provides more evidence for the complementarity of the two pictures.
On Singularities of Particle Dynamics in Quasihomogeneous Fields: A First Insight

The quasihomogeneous fields (featured by sums of homogeneous potentials) model a lot of concrete fields met in problems of nonlinear particle dynamics belonging mainly to physics and astronomy, but not only. The particularly important aspect of singularities of the n-body problem in such fields is being tackled. A Painlevé-type criterion for the existence of singularities and a necessary condition for collision singularities to occur are proved. An extension of the Lagrange–Jacobi relation to this case is proved, too. The main result of the paper proves that for the three-body problem all singularities are due to collisions. Some supplementary results are added: the impossibility of the simultaneous total collapse of the n bodies in infinite time, as well as the full understanding of the local behaviour of collision solutions within the framework of the two-body problem associated to quasihomogeneous fields.
Three-dimensional images generated from diffuse ultrasound wave: detections of multiple cracks in concrete structures

The simultaneous detection of multiple defects in concrete structures is a task of pivotal importance for non-destructive testing and evaluation. Diffuse waves experiencing multiple scattering inside media are demonstrated to be sensitive to weak defects. Here, an analytic model is presented for diffuse wave decorrelation associated with sensitivity kernel that describes the time-of-flight distribution in strongly scattering environments. The model is then used for generating three-dimensional images that involve estimating perturbations at each localized position through an iterative, non-linear algorithm. With the consideration of loads and micro-cracks effects on diffuse waves, an application of the approach to a real-size concrete beam shows features that denote the positions and depths of multiple existing cracks. Extension of the approach to other strongly scattering media such as tissues and volcanos is straightforward. This study offers great potential for practical applications such as structural health monitoring, medical image generation, and seismic monitoring.
Kinematics of the Nuclear Ionized Gas in the Radio Galaxy M84 (NGC 4374)

We present optical long-slit spectroscopy of the nucleus of the nearby radio galaxy M84 (NGC 4374 = 3C 272.1) obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph aboard the Hubble Space Telescope. Our spectra reveal that the nuclear gas disk seen in the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 imaging by Bower et al. is rotating rapidly. The velocity curve has an S-shape with a peak amplitude of 400 km s−1 at 0. ″1 = 8 pc from the nucleus. To model the observed gas kinematics, we construct a thin Keplerian disk model that fits the data well if the rotation axis of the gas disk is aligned with the radio jet axis. These models indicate that the gasdynamics are driven by a nuclear compact mass of 1.5 × 109 M☉ with an uncertainty range of (0.9-2.6) × 109 M☉, and that the inclination of the disk with respect to the plane of the sky is 75°-85°. Of this nuclear mass, only ≤2 × 107 M☉ can possibly be attributed to luminous mass. Thus, we conclude that a dark compact mass (most likely a supermassive black hole) resides in the nucleus of M84.
Effects of asymmetric underlap spacers on nanoscale junctionless transistors and design of optimised CMOS amplifiers

Using well-calibrated device simulation, the analogue performance of 20 nm double-gate junctionless transistors (JLTs) is investigated in terms of transconductance (g m), output conductance (g d) for various underlap spacer asymmetricity and dielectric constant (k) values. The spacer length is varied ranging 1–6 nm on both source (L S) and drain sides (L D) while keeping their sum fixed at 12 nm. Obtained results show that for both n- and p-metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (FETs), a longer LD increases gm exhibiting weak sensitivity to variations in k while gd increases and decreases with higher and lower k. The present findings reveal that the highest voltage gain of 46.3 and largest gain bandwidth (GBW) of 676 GHz are obtained for complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) amplifiers featuring both n and p transistors with L S = 11 nm, L D = 1 nm and k = 80 and L S = 1 nm, L D = 11 nm and k = 3.9; both figures are quite higher compared with their symmetric counterpart. The studies manifest that such an asymmetric dielectric spacer engineering could be employed in designing high performance nanoscale CMOS amplifiers without increasing hardly any process complexity and cost while providing augmented GBW compared with reported amplifiers based on molybdenum disulphide transistors and tunnel FETs.
GaAs/Al0.8Ga0.2As avalanche photodiodes for soft X-ray spectroscopy

The soft X-ray spectroscopic performance of a GaAs/Al0.8Ga0. 2As Separate Absorption and Multiplication (SAM) APD was assessed at room temperature using a 55Fe source. An energy resolution of 1.08 keV (FWHM) was achieved for the 5.9 keV X-rays, at an avalanche gain of 3.5. The avalanche gain also improved the minimum detectable energy from 4.8 keV at unity gain to about 1.5 keV at a gain of 5. Through avalanche statistics analyses, we confirmed that (i) the APD's FWHM was degraded by X-ray photon absorption within the avalanche region, and (ii) photon absorption in/near the n-cladding layer contributed to an undesirable secondary peak in the spectrum.
A study of magnetic flux-leakage signals

Magnetic flux-leakage (MFL) measurement is the most widely used non-destructive technique for in-service inspection of oil and gas pipelines. The effect of line-pressure-induced hoop stress on MFL signals has been studied for an electrochemically milled pit (50% penetration) in a 9 mm thick steel pipe wall. The existing theoretical models for flux-leakage signals are discussed. Among them the Zatsepin-Shcherbinin and Edwards-Palmer models have been fitted to the axial and radial MFL signals. Both the leakage-flux components under various stresses are scaled to make them stress independent.
Photoinduced structural phase transitions and their dynamics

A general concept for photoinduced structural phase transitions is developed, in terms of the hidden multi-stability of the ground state and the proliferations of optically excited states. Taking the ionic (I) to neutral (N) phase transition in the organic charge transfer (CT) crystal, tetrathiafuluvalene-p-chloranil, as a typical example for this type of transition, we, at first theoretically show an adiabatic path which starts from CT excitons in the I-phase, but finally reaches to a N-domain with a macroscopic size. In connection with this I-N transition, the concept of the initial condition sensitivity is also developed so as to clarify experimentally observed nonlinear characteristics of this material. Then, using a simplified model for the many-exciton system, we theoretically study the early-time quantum dynamics of the exciton proliferation, which finally results in the formation of a domain with a large number of excitons. For this purpose, we derive a stepwise iterative equation to describe the exciton proliferation, and clarify the origin of the initial condition sensitivity. Possible differences between a photoinduced non-equilibrium phase and an equilibrium phase at high temperatures are also clarified from general and conceptional points of view, in connection with recent experiments on the photoinduced phase transition in an organo-metallic complex crystal. It will be shown that the photoinduced phase can make a new interaction appear as a broken symmetry only in this phase, even when this interaction is almost completely hidden in all the equilibrium phases, such as the ground state and other high-temperature phases.
Phase Behaviour of Colloid + Polymer Mixtures

A new treatment of the phase behaviour of a colloid + nonadsorbing polymer mixture is described. The calculated phase diagrams show marked polymer partitioning between coexisting phases, an effect not considered in the usual effective-potential approaches to this problem. We also predict that under certain conditions an area of three-phase coexistence should appear in the phase diagram.
VC-dimension and Erd\H{o}s-P\'osa property

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph. A $k$-neighborhood in $G$ is a set of vertices consisting of all the vertices at distance at most $k$ from some vertex of $G$. The hypergraph on vertex set $V$ which edge set consists of all the $k$-neighborhoods of $G$ for all $k$ is the neighborhood hypergraph of $G$. Our goal in this paper is to investigate the complexity of a graph in terms of its neighborhoods. Precisely, we define the distance VC-dimension of a graph $G$ as the maximum taken over all induced subgraphs $G'$ of $G$ of the VC-dimension of the neighborhood hypergraph of $G'$. For a class of graphs, having bounded distance VC-dimension both generalizes minor closed classes and graphs with bounded clique-width. Our motivation is a result of Chepoi, Estellon and Vax\`es asserting that every planar graph of diameter $2\ell$ can be covered by a bounded number of balls of radius $\ell$. In fact, they obtained the existence of a function $f$ such that every set $\cal F$ of balls of radius $\ell$ in a planar graph admits a hitting set of size $f(\nu)$ where $\nu$ is the maximum number of pairwise disjoint elements of $\cal F$. Our goal is to generalize the proof of Chepoi, Estellon and Vax\`es with the unique assumption of bounded distance VC-dimension of neighborhoods. In other words, the set of balls of fixed radius in a graph with bounded distance VC-dimension has the Erd\H{o}s-P\'osa property.
Pseudo-hypertension and arterial stiffness: a review

Hypertension is a condition of persistently elevated blood pressure, associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Non-invasive BP measurement using Korotkoff sounds is the most common method of screening for the condition. The possibility of inaccurate readings leading to a false diagnosis of hypertension (pseudo-hypertension) is of concern. Stiffened arteries in the elderly have been proposed as being the primary cause of pseudo-hypertension. Non-invasive detection of pseudo-hypertension remains problematic. This paper reviews clinical literature on pseudo hypertension and approaches to measuring the compressive stiffness of arteries, as well as biomechanical literature regarding models of arterial stiffness and the origin of Korotkoff sounds. Models of the latter show the importance of the relationship between transmural pressure and cross-sectional area (Pt/Csa curve) of the brachial artery as it closes under the influence of the pressure cuff. The review concludes that future research on pseudo-hypertension should include development of new instrumentation to measure the Pt/Csa curve of the brachial artery in vivo using non-invasive techniques suitable for application to an elderly population.
Compact plasmonic memristor with high extinction efficiency

Here we present a plasmonic memristor operated at the telecommunication wavelength with compact size (0.61 μm), and high extinction efficiency (4.6 dB/μm). The plasmonic memristor consists of a triangle-shaped metal taper mounted on the top of a Si waveguide with rational doping in the area below the apex of the taper. This device can achieve vertical coupling of light energy from the Si waveguide to the plasmonic region and at the same time concentrates the plasmon to the apex of the metal taper. Moreover, the area with concentrated plasmon is overlap with that where the memristive behavior occurs due to the formation/removal of the metallic nanofilament. As a result, the highly distinct transmission induced by the switching of the plasmonic memristor can be achieved due to the maximized interaction between the plasmon and the filament.
Understanding the Factors Influences Users Continuous Intention Towards E-Wallet in Malaysia: Identifying the Gap

: Digital economy has changed the way people doing business. Cashless transaction via electronic media is the global trend towards achieving cashless society. Malaysia also has such vison. The government rolling out the E-Tunai and E-Penjana cash incentive for the E-wallet user has boosted up the number of E-wallet user with the new sign-up and also increased utilization cashless transaction. The global pandemic, Covid-19, that forced the Malaysian government to implement Movement Control Order (MCO) also affected the consumer ways of making payment. Together with the requirement for social distancing and contactless transaction, the E-wallet payment method is the obvious choice for Malaysia consumer when making purchase. However, the sustainability of the E-wallet user is questionable. There is no guarantee that these new E-wallet users will continuously use E-wallet payment after exhausting the incentives. This research intent to uncover the Malaysian consumer real intention for signing up the E-wallet and identifying the factors that influences the continuous intention to use E-wallet after claiming the government incentives. It is important to understand the users’ involvement and intention toward the usage of E-wallet because by understanding consumer’s behaviour and perception on E-wallet, the government and relevant sectors can develop more effective strategies to sustain and accelerate the growth of E-wallet. The study is vital to determine that the objectives of government e-wallet initiatives and the vision of cashless society in Malaysia are achieved.
METHODS OF ALGEBRAIC GEOMETRY IN THE THEORY OF NON-LINEAR EQUATIONS

CONTENTS Introduction § 1. The Akhiezer function and the Zakharov-Shabat equations § 2. Commutative rings of differential operators § 3. The two-dimensional Schrödinger operator and the algebras associated with it § 4. The problem of multi-dimensional -algebraic operators Appendix 1. The Hamiltonian formalism in equations of Lax and Novikov types Appendix 2. Elliptic and rational solutions of the K-dV equations and systems of many particles Concluding Remarks References
One-loop calculations in quantum gravity: graviton self-energy, perturbative gauge invariance and Slavnov-Ward identities

In this paper we calculate the one-loop graviton self-energy within the framework of causal perturbation theory. Because of this regularization/renormalization scheme, the result is ultraviolet finite, without introducing counterterms, and cut-off-free. In addition, it satisfies the gravitational Slavnov-Ward identities for the two-point connected Green function. The latter are also investigated from the point of view of a perturbative formulation of operator gauge invariance. Then, the condition of perturbative gauge invariance to second order for loop graphs is proved. Corrections to the Newtonian potential coming from the graviton self-energy are also derived.
Moments of random variables and the equivariant Morse lemma

We prove that the values χ j < x 2 < . < x n of a random variable are uniquely determined by the corresponding probabilities pj, . , p n and the first η moments Afj, . M n . The local uniqueness can be deduced easily from the implicit function theorem, so the indicated property of moments has a topological nature. This property is a formulation of Arnol'd's conjecture [1 ] on the geometry of the set of hyperbolic polynomials on the real line.
KECENDERUNGAN TRANSISI DEMOGRAFI DAN EPIDEMIOLOGI SUATU FENOMENA PENTING TERHADAP MASALAH GIZI DAN KESEHATAN PADA PRA-LANSIA DAN LANSIA

The positive impacts of the First Long Term Development 1968-1993) have resulted improvement of health status, socio economic condition and demographic changes. Although infections diseases are still prevalent, epidemiologic transition is occuring as shown by the increase of death caused by cardiovascular diseases, cancer, degenerative and other chronic diseases. The projection of population composition has shown that by the year of 2020, the population pyramide of Indonesia will be as the pattern of developed countnes. Apart from the increase numbers of senior citizen, health problems in this population group will occur due to socio-economic and environmental changes. Considermg such condition, in the attempts to have better health status among meelderly and elderly groups, a nutrition policy should be made as an integral part of health development programs. The policy should be formulated as integral programs of human resources development. The emphasis must be concentrated on the balanceor healthy diet and the variation of food stuffs. In addition, the approach toward positif and proactive health development should be actively promoted. Key Word : epidemiologic transition, demographic transition, socio-economic changes, nutrition policy.
Effect of discretization error and adaptive mesh generation in diffuse optical absorption imaging: II

In part I (Guven et al 2007 Inverse Problems 23 1115–33), we analysed the error in the reconstructed optical absorption images resulting from the discretization of the forward and inverse problems. Our analysis led to two new error estimates, which present the relationship between the optical absorption imaging accuracy and the discretization error in the solutions of the forward and inverse problems. In this work, based on the analysis presented in part I, we develop new adaptive discretization schemes for the forward and inverse problems in order to reduce the error in the reconstructed images resulting from discretization. The proposed discretization schemes lead to adaptively refined composite meshes that yield the desired level of imaging accuracy while reducing the size of the discretized forward and inverse problems. We present numerical experiments to validate the error estimates developed in part I and show the improvement in the accuracy of the reconstructed optical images with the new adaptive mesh generation algorithms.
Elastic modulus imaging: on the uniqueness and nonuniqueness of the elastography inverse problem in two dimensions

We examine the uniqueness of an N-field generalization of a 2D inverse problem associated with elastic modulus imaging: given N linearly independent displacement fields in an incompressible elastic material, determine the shear modulus. We show that for the standard case, N=1, the general solution contains two arbitrary functions which must be prescribed to make the solution unique. In practice, the data required to evaluate the necessary functions are impossible to obtain. For N=2, on the other hand, the general solution contains at most four arbitrary constants, and so very few data are required to find the unique solution. For N=4, the general solution contains only one arbitrary constant. Our results apply to both quasistatic and dynamic deformations.
Intersections of random walks

We study the large deviation behaviour of simple random walks in dimension three or more in this thesis. The first part of the thesis concerns the number of lattice sites visited by the random walk. We call this the range of the random walk. We derive a large deviation principle for the probability that the range of simple random walk deviates from its mean. Our result describes the behaviour for deviation below th etypical value. This is a result analogous to that obtained by van den Berg, Bolthausen and den Hollander for the volume of the Wiener sausage. In the second part of the thesis, we are interested in the number of lattice sites visited by two independent simple random walks starting at the origin. We call this the intersection of ranges. We derive a large deviation principle for the probability thatthe intersection of ranges by time n exceeds a multiple of n. This is also an analogous result of the intersection volume of two independent Wiener sausages.
An inexact Cayley transform method for inverse eigenvalue problems

The Cayley transform method is a Newton-like method for solving inverse eigenvalue problems. If the problem is large, one can solve the Jacobian equation by iterative methods. However, iterative methods usually oversolve the problem in the sense that they require far more (inner) iterations than is required for the convergence of the Newton (outer) iterations. In this paper, we develop an inexact version of the Cayley transform method. Our method can reduce the oversolving problem and it improves the efficiency with respect to the exact version. We show that the convergence rate of our method is superlinear and that a good tradeoff between the required inner and outer iterations can be obtained.
Stimulated desorption

The fundamentals of stimulated desorption by electronic excitations is reviewed. Specifically this includes electron- and photon-stimulated desorption and electronic processes in sputtering and secondary-ion emission. The general experimental observables include desorption thresholds, chemical effects on desorption yields, ion energy distributions, ion angular distributions and the spectral dependence of the desorption yield. Mechanisms for desorption involve both direct excitation of valence levels and indirect excitations which proceed via core-hole excitation. The Auger decay of core-holes can create multiply ionised and excited states which are highly local, contain a large amount of energy and have intrinsically long lifetimes. A general discussion of the properties of these complex states is given, together with a discussion of their applicability to different types of covalent and ionic states. A number of examples of case studies in ion desorption are given, including CO and NO on metals, hydrogen on surfaces, oxides and oxygen on surfaces and desorption from cryosolids.
High-Dimensional Inference in Bayesian Networks

Inference of the marginal probability distribution is deﬁned as the calculation of the probability of a subset of the variables and is relevant for handling missing data and hidden variables. While inference of the marginal probability distribution is crucial for various problems in machine learning and statistics, its exact computation is generally not feasible for categorical variables in Bayesian networks due to the NP-hardness of this task. We develop a divide-and-conquer approach using the graphical properties of Bayesian networks to split the computation of the marginal probability distribution into sub-calculations of lower dimensionality, thus reducing the overall computational complexity. Exploiting this property, we present an eﬃcient and scalable algorithm for calculating the marginal probability distribution for categorical variables. The novel method is compared against state-of-the-art approximate inference methods in a benchmarking study, where it displays superior performance. As an immediate application, we demonstrate how our method can be used to classify incomplete data against Bayesian networks and use this approach for identifying the cancer subtype of kidney cancer patient samples. 1