Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experiencing the Tourist City. The European Capital of Culture in Re-designing City Routes

Assuming that providing memorable experiences is the raison d’etre of tourism industry, the city envisaged as a tourist destination should assume the tourist’s perspective when designing the settings and the most significant activities of a visit. Cities are facing new challenges, noticeably the globalisation of economies, the growing importance of the visual and the symbolic that define the current trends of consumption and the attractiveness of a place. Culture and events play a strategic role when designing innovative and appealing tourism experiences. The European Capital of Culture (ECoC) is an international event which represents a unique opportunity for the cities to stand out in this globalised and competitive scenario. This paper focuses on the study of Pecs, European Capital of Culture 2010, and it aims to study the influence of this event on the design of city tourism routes. A survey by questionnaire was administered to tourists before and during ECoC in Pecs. Respondents indicated in open-ended questions the most outstanding points in their visit to the city, on which were designed the relevant circuits and routes during that tourist experience in Pecs. Data analysis was performed using the statistical software STAS.
Epigenetic patterns in Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus): Temperature and photoperiod as environmental stressors during larval development

Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying individual responses to environmental changes is crucial for species conservation and management. Pelagic fishes including Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) are of particular interest because of their key ecological and economic roles and their susceptibility to a changing ocean from global warming. Temperature and photoperiod have been linked with spawning time and location in adult herring, but no study has thus far investigated the role of environmental factors on gene regulation during the vulnerable early developmental stages. Here, we examine DNA methylation patterns of larval herring bred under two temperatures (11°C and 13°C) and photoperiod (6 and 12 h) regimes in a 2 × 2 factorial design. We found consistently high levels of global methylation across all individuals and a decline in global methylation with increased developmental stage that was more pronounced at 13°C (p ≤ 0.007) than at 11°C (p ≥ 0.21). Most of the differentially methylated sites were in exon and promoter regions for genes linked to metabolism and development, some of which were hypermethylated at higher temperature. These results demonstrate the important role of DNA methylation during larval development and suggest that this molecular mechanism might be key in regulating early‐stage responses to environmental stressors in Atlantic herring.
VIDEO STREAMING OVER COOPERATIVE WIRELESS NETWORKS

We study the problem of broadcasting video streams over a Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN) to many mobile devices. We propose a cooperative network in which several elected mobile devices share received video data over a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). The proposed system significantly reduces the energy consumption and the channel switching delay concurrently. We design a distributed leader election algorithm for the cooperative system and analytically show that the proposed system outperforms current systems in terms of energy consumption and channel switching delay. Our experimental results from a real mobile video streaming testbed show that the proposed cooperative system is promising because it achieves high energy saving, significantly reduces channel switching delay and uniformly distributes load on all mobile devices. Furthermore, we complement our empirical evaluation with a trace driven simulator to rigorously show the viability of the proposed cooperative system.
Validation of operational seasonal rainfall forecast in Ethiopia

Operational rainfall forecasts using the analog method have been issued in Ethiopia since 1987. We evaluate the performance of the forecast system for February–May and June–September rainy seasons over the period 1999–2011. Verification is performed using rainfall data obtained from Ethiopian meteorological stations covering eight homogeneous rainfall regions used in the forecasts. The results reveal that forecasts issued by the National Meteorological Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia, for the past 12 years have a weak positive skill for all eight regions compared with climatology. In terms of ranked probability skill scores, the values are all lower than 10% indicating that the forecast skill is modest. The results further suggest that the forecasting system has bias toward forecasting near‐normal conditions and has problems in capturing below average events. In contrast, the forecast has some positive skills in ranking the wet years of February–May season, particularly over the regions where there is high seasonal rainfall variability with significantly positive rank correlations for the above average years. For the main season, however, the forecast is not able to rank wet years or dry years. The extreme low and high rainfall events are mostly missed by the forecast scheme. The results indicate rather low forecast skill for extreme rainfall events in both seasons. Generally, the results indicate that NMA's forecasts have low but positive skill as it is common with results from other forecasting systems for the Greater Horn of Africa region. The underforecasting of dry events is the most serious shortcoming of the system.
Reducing stigma impacting children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: The development of a common multi-component stigma reduction intervention

Introduction Stigmatisation impedes health and quality of life. Evidence regarding stigma reduction interventions is, albeit growing, limited. There is a gap in the availability and evidence of interventions for reducing stigma among children and adolescents, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This paper describes the process that led to a stigma reduction intervention impacting children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries, following previously conducted formative research. Methods In this study, we conducted (i) online stakeholder consultations (FGD) (n = 43), including a survey assessing intervention acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility and scalability (n = 16); and (ii) preliminary field-testing of intervention content online and in a refugee settlement in Uganda. Findings Stakeholder consultation showed the initial version of STRETCH (Stigma Reduction to Trigger Change for Children), albeit positively received, required adaptations. We made adjustments to i) take into account implementation duration, intervention flexibility and intersectionality; (ii) strengthen the involvement of individuals, including adolescents/youth, with lived stigma experience; (iii) target people close to individuals with lived stigma experience; and (iv) address feasibility and sustainability concerns. Preliminary field-testing simplified STRETCH while adding a community outreach component and revisiting the intervention setup, to ensure STRETCH can also be applied from a modular perspective. Conclusion We conducted a process to develop a child-focused multi-component stigma reduction intervention, with intended applicability across stigmas and settings. This paper provides an overview of the intervention development process, generating intervention-specific learnings with generic value. STRETCH aims to reduce stigmatisation at the implementing organisation, create community-wide reflection and stigma reduction demand, and reduce stigmatisation among various target groups.
CDK signaling via nonconventional CDK phosphorylation sites

Since the discovery of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), it has been perceived as a dogma that CDK signaling in the cell cycle is mediated via targeting the CDK consensus sites: the optimal and the minimal motifs S/T-P-x-K/R and S/T-P, respectively. However, more recent evidence suggests that often the CDK phosphorylation events of regulatory importance are mediated via nonconventional CDK sites that lack the required +1Pro of the consensus site motif. In these cases, the loss of specificity seems to be compensated via distant docking interactions facilitated by 1) phosphorylated priming sites binding to phospho-adaptor Cks1 and/or 2) cyclin-specific docking interactions via Short Linear Motifs (SLiMs) in substrates. This Perspective discusses the possible reasons why nonconventional CDK sites are used for CDK signaling. First, the nonconventional CDK sites can act as specificity filters to recognize and distinguish the CDK signal from many other proline-directed kinases in cells. Second, the nonconventional CDK sites in combination with the docking mechanisms provide a much wider range of phosphorylation rates, and thus, also a wider range of CDK thresholds during the accumulation and decline of CDK activity during the cell cycle. As a large number of Cks1-dependent nonconventional CDK sites have been discovered recently, past studies focusing on mutating only the consensus sites should likely be critically reexamined. It is also very likely that phosphorylation of nonconventional sites is crucial in many other kinase-signaling networks.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL VARIABILITY OF MIDDLE DEVONIAN (GIVETIAN) FORESTS IN APPALACHIAN BASIN PALEOSOLS, NEW YORK, UNITED STATES

Abstract The inception of terrestrial woody plant ecosystems on the Earth is thought to have caused decreases in atmospheric carbon dioxide and water vapor concentrations in the Middle Devonian. Decreased greenhouse gas concentrations enabled a series of long-term glacial-interglacial cycles from the Late Devonian through the Permian. Here we describe the environmental and ecological variability of the earliest known paleosols with evidence of in situ forests (stump casts and attached root systems) from the Appalachian basin. Four examples located in the Manorkill Formation in the Catskill Mountains of New York State, United States, are analyzed using macro- and micromorphological data. Woody plant stump casts and molds on exposed bedding surfaces were mapped at two of the sites and analyzed using nearest-neighbor analysis. This permitted quantification of spatial distribution and ecological conditions of these paleoforests. These fossilized forests exhibit both single and multi-generational growth and formed in both aquic and seasonally well-drained environments, thus indicating established populations and growth adaptations by the represented species. The occurrence of these diverse forested landscapes in the Givetian is concurrent with the onset of the prolonged decrease in atmospheric CO2 concentrations that have been tied to a series of Paleozoic glaciations.
Ecosystem Services Enhanced by Salmon Habitat Conservation in the Green/Duwamish and Central Puget Sound Watershed

Acknowledgements The knowledge, support and cooperation of many individuals played an indispensable role in producing this document. Such a comprehensive socioeconomic analysis required the combined efforts of the WRIA 9 team and King County. In particular, APEX would like to thank from the APEX team. APEX would also like to extend thanks to The Russell Family Foundation and the Bullitt Foundation for their support and funding. v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Water Resource Inventory Area 9 (WRIA 9) Habitat Plan is a long-term, comprehensive plan to protect and restore Chinook salmon 1 in the Green/Duwamish and Central Puget Sound Watershed. Restoring salmon has significant socioeconomic implications. The greatest socioeconomic implication of salmon recovery is in securing healthy ecosystems which provide vast public and private benefits. WRIA 9 ecosystems produce $1.7-6.3 billion dollars of value in goods and services each year, benefiting individuals, communities, businesses, and governments within WRIA 9. The value of salmon restoration and healthy ecosystems to future generations is far greater. The Seattle based Asia-Pacific Environmental Exchange (APEX), with the University Vermont Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, worked with the WRIA 9 staff to estimate the value of ecosystem goods and services produced within the Green/Duwamish and Central Puget Sound Watershed. The ecosystem goods and services enhanced by actions to implement the Habitat Plan Conservation Hypotheses have been identified and two case studies for salmon restoration actions in the transition zone of the Green River and in the nearshore have also been examined. The WRIA 9 Habitat Plan actions to restore viable salmonid populations will also preserve and restore 23 categories of valuable ecosystem goods and services identified in the Green/Duwamish and Central Puget Sound Watershed. Healthy ecosystems produce goods and services for free and in perpetuity. They are essential to maintaining a healthy economy and livable communities within WRIA 9. Ecosystem goods and services enhanced by Habitat Plan actions include: flood protection, natural storm water maintenance, drinking water production and filtration, reduction of pathogens and The full value of the benefits provided by ecosystems within WRIA 9 has never previously been estimated. Until recently, the natural capital, goods and services produced by ecosystems within WRIA 9, including wild salmon, have been abundant. At one time, it was only a shortage of boats and nets that limited the amount of abundant wild salmon caught. Today boats, nets and fishing lures are abundant and a shortage of natural capital—wild salmon—is …
Sensitivity of Conceptual and Physically Based Hydrologic Models to Temporal and Spatial Rainfall Sampling

This study investigated the impact of temporal and spatial sampling of rainfall on runoff predictions using a physically based [System Hydrologique European (MIKE SHE)] and conceptual [hydrologic modeling system (HMS)] hydrologic models. The numerical models were applied to Goodwin Creek watershed in northern Mississippi. The drainage area of Goodwin Creek is approximately 21.4 km2 . This study showed that MIKE SHE was more sensitive to both the spatial and the temporal samplings of rainfall than the HMS. The study also showed that errors introduced by coarse sampling scenarios can be significant. Overall, for this particular watershed size, increasing the rain gauge density from 1 to 2 resulted in the most significant improvement for both models. Similarly, a temporal sampling frequency beyond 1 h showed significant deterioration in the quality of the runoff prediction. The combined spatial–temporal sampling experiment showed that increasing the temporal sampling compensates, at least partially, for the .
B‐cell maturation antigen chimeric antigen receptor‐T therapy alleviated heart failure in patients with multiple myeloma

Abstract Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are likely to achieve poor therapeutic response when organs are involved. We produced anti‐B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cells, which are in a trial for patients with relapsed/refractory MM. One enrolled patient developed severe heart failure, highly suspected as light chain cardiac amyloidosis. He exhibited increased N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide with a peak of 32 299 ng/mL and heart failure with an ejection fraction of 30%. Anti‐BCMA CAR‐T cells were administered following lymphodepletion. The patient achieved cardiac response within 1 week with a decrease in N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide by 80%, an increase in ejection fraction from 30% to 56%, and a haematological response with negative minimal residual disease at 1 month and a complete response at 1 year. To date, this patient has maintained good health without heart failure or haematological relapse. Herein, we show the efficacy of anti‐BCMA CAR‐T cells in patients with MM and severe heart failure.
Surface characteristics of lead ice

Under cold conditions, ice growth in a lead occurs rapidly, giving young sea ice a high bulk salinity. The surface characteristics of this ice type are dominated by a thin, highly saline surface skim and often by the formation of frost flowers. These surface characteristics are of particular interest because of their significant temporal variability and large impact on the electromagnetic properties of sea ice. As part of the Lead Experiment held during March and April of 1991 and 1992 in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea, ice properties and surface conditions typical of springtime leads were monitored at three sites during the initial few days of growth. Observations indicate that once the ice thickness reached approximately 2 cm, a thin (∼1 mm), highly saline (∼100 parts per thousand (ppt)) skim of brine formed on the surface. After only a few hours of growth the initially smooth surface of the sea ice developed some small-scale roughness. Frost flowers, the result of ice grown from the vapor phase, quickly formed on the surface of the sea ice and continued to develop during the observations. Depending on the temperature, the frost flowers were composed of various ice crystal types, including clumps, stellar dendrites, and needles. The initially fresh frost flowers quickly became salty, reaching salinities as high as 100 ppt. The salinity of both the frost flowers and the surface skim decreased at night as temperatures dropped and additional hoarfrost accumulated on the surface. These decreases were also due in part to the accumulation of snow on the surface of the leads. Combining these observations with simple calculations, possible mechanisms for the development and evolution of the surface skim and frost flowers are discussed. They include the hypothesis that the source of the surface skim is brine expelled upward from the sea ice as it cools, that the surface protrusions serve as nucleation sites for the frost flowers, and that the source of the excess water vapor necessary for frost flower growth is the wet surface skim.
MST1/2 in inflammation and immunity

ABSTRACT The mammalian Sterile 20-like kinase 1/2 (MST1/2) belongs to the serine/threonine (GC) protein kinase superfamily. Collective studies confirm the vital role MST1/2 in inflammation and immunity. MST1/2 is closely related to the progress of inflammation. Generally, MST1/2 aggravates the inflammatory injury through MST1-JNK, MST1-mROS, MST1-Foxo3, and NF-κB pathways, as well as several regulatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), mitochondrial extension factor 1 (MIEF1), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, MST1/2 is also involved in the regulation of immunity to balance immune activation and tolerance by regulating MST1/2-Rac, MST1-Akt1/c-myc, MST1-Foxos, MST1-STAT, Btk pathways, and lymphocyte function-related antigen 1 (LFA-1), which subsequently prevents immunodeficiency syndrome and autoimmune diseases. This article reviews the effects of MST1/2 on inflammation and immunity.
Automated Verification of Equivalence Properties in Advanced Logic Programs - Bachelor Thesis

: During the development process of an Answer Set Programming (ASP) encoding, it would be desirable to have a tool that can automatically verify whether one subprogram can safely be replaced by another one. Formally this corresponds to the problem of verifying the strong equivalence of two programs. The translation tool anthem was developed to be used in conjunction with an automated theorem prover to verify strong equivalence. The current version of anthem only works on positive programs with a restricted input language. This paper 2 extends the translation in anthem to support a larger subset of the input language, namely negation , simple choices , and pools . The support of negation requires an additional translation step that maps formulas from the logic of here-and-there to classical logic. Furthermore, some automated theorem provers are compared for their ability to verify the strong equivalence of logic programs.
Telehealth and Health Equity in Older Adults With Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Enhancing access to care using telehealth is a priority for improving outcomes among older adults with heart failure, increasing quality of care, and decreasing costs. Telehealth has the potential to increase access to care for patients who live in underresourced geographic regions, have physical disabilities or poor access to transportation, and may not otherwise have access to cardiologists with expertise in heart failure. During the COVID-19 pandemic, access to telehealth expanded, and yet barriers to access, including broadband inequality, low digital literacy, and structural barriers, prevented many of the disadvantaged patients from getting equitable access. Using a health equity lens, this scientific statement reviews the literature on telehealth for older adults with heart failure; provides an overview of structural, organizational, and personal barriers to telehealth; and presents novel interventions that pair telemedicine with in-person services to mitigate existing barriers and structural inequities.
Indoor air temperature and ventilation in uninsulated loose housing cowsheds with different types of non-transparent roofing in hot summer.

As the indoor temperature of uninsulated cowsheds is in correlation with outdoor temperature, it may happen that indoor temperatures in cowsheds soar in hot summer. Roof temperature and spatial distribution of indoor air temperature at 1m (cow level) was studied in 8 uninsulated cowsheds with three different types of roof – non-asbestos cement sheets (4 cowsheds), metal (2 cowsheds) and insulated with 25 mm mineral wool plate (2 cowsheds) at outdoor air temperatures 26.8. 32.0°C in at least 25 points of the cowshed. All openings were open in the cowsheds. Roof (indoor surface) temperature values of 47.1°C were recorded as highest at nonasbestos cement roof in outdoor air temperature of 30°C. The average indoor surface temperature of the insulated roof (28°C) was about as high as outdoor air temperature (29°C). Average indoor temperature in cowsheds varied 27.6-29.7°C. Smallest indoor-outdoor air temperature difference ( t) was 0.8°C and occurred at lowest outdoor temperature (26.8°C). The biggest t of -2.3°C occurred at highest outdoor temperature (32°C). If the roof was insulated, t varied -0.5-1.1°C. In four cowsheds with non-asbestos cement sheet roof, t of 0.8. -1.9°C was recorded. In cowsheds with metal sheet roof, t of 1.2. -2.3°C was recorded. Standard deviation of indoor temperatures at the measurement points s (describes the ventilation efficiency) was s=0.59. 0.84 in the cowsheds with insulated roof and s=0.46. 0.66 in the uninsulated ones. The ventilation in cowsheds was good and air moving schemes uniform. As a result of the investigation, the following conclusion can be made: indoor air temperature and ventilation efficiency in hot summer days are not influenced by roof material (non-transparent) or the presence of insulation.