Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antifungal Activity of Annona muricata Seed Extracts Against Cercospora malayensis, Causal Agent of Cercospora Leaf Spot Disease of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

Background: Cercospora leaf spot disease of okra whose pathogen is Cercospora malayensis causes yield losses of up to 60% in plantations. To limit productivity losses, fungicides are commonly used, but are expensive and degrade the environment. Aims: This study aims to test in vitro efficacy of Annona muricata seed extracts against Cercospora malayensis. Original Research Article Bolie et al.; IJPR, 6(4): 12-24, 2021; Article no.IJPR. 67448 13 Study Design: Four extracts were used in this study (the ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and aqueous extract of A. muricata seeds at the concentrations C1 = 7.5 μl/ml, C2 = 15 μl/ml, C3 = 30 μl/ml and C4 = 60 μl/ml as well as the synthetic fungicide at the concentration of 3.33 g/l) in triplicate. The phytochemical screening of the extracts was performed, the radial growth of pure explants (7 mm diameter) of C. malayensis deposited in sterile Petri dishes containing the PDA medium supplemented with the different concentrations of extracts and incubated at 23 ± 1°C for 6 days were evaluated. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC50, MIC90) were calculated. Results: The extracts of A. muricata seeds are rich in tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and phenols. The ethyl acetate extract at the concentration C3 resulted in 100% total inhibition of growth of C. malayensis in the Petri dishes. The other extracts resulted in total inhibition of the growth of C. malayensis at C4. The low MIC50 values (12.9 and 21 μl/ml) were obtained with the ethyl acetate and acetone extract, respectively. The ethyl acetate and aqueous extract at the C4 concentration were found to be fungicidal. Conclusion: The extracts were found to be potential fungicide against the C. malayensis strain and might be an alternative in the fight against fungal diseases of okra as their activity was comparable to that of the synthetic fungicide Monchamp 72 WP.
Flash flood vulnerability assessment of roads in China based on support vector machine

Abstract Flash flood is one of the most devastating types of disasters. Roads are linear strip structures exposed to the natural environment and they are vulnerable to damage when flash flood occurs. Thus, an accurate assessment of flash flood vulnerability for roads is mandatory for the improvement of transportation flash flood forecasting and warnings. In this study, we constructed an assessment model for assessing the flash flood vulnerability of roads based on their exposure and disaster reduction capability. Then, considering the mechanism of flash floods acting on the road, we preliminarily established an index system with analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and used a support vector machine (SVM) to aggregate the indices. The use of SVM avoids the subjectivity of vulnerability evaluation. The Assessment results showed that 4.29% of the land area has high or extremely high vulnerability. The moderate vulnerability areas accounted for 5.19% of the land area. The low and extremely low vulnerability areas accounted for 15.81% of the land area; and the land area with no roads accounted for 43.94%. The suburban areas with dense roads in the southeast and the areas near the main roads in the northwest, had high and extremely high vulnerability. The low and extremely low vulnerability areas are mainly distributed in the areas with sparse roads and close to cities. The results of this study satisfy the need for the high precision and large-scale evaluation of flash flood vulnerability of roads. Based on the results of the vulnerability assessment, different disaster prevention and reduction measures should be taken in the northwest and southeast. The northwestern region should attach importance to the construction of roads and improve the disaster prevention and reduction system; while the southeastern region should plan layout and construction of new roads rationally and enhance the disaster resistance of existing roads.
Time for a New Antitrust Era: Refocusing Antitrust Law to Invigorate Competition in the 21st Century

U.S. antitrust laws have repeatedly responded to the changing needs of the nation’s economy. As the marketplace grows ever more data-driven, we find ourselves at yet another critical economic juncture that requires us to revisit antitrust practices to ensure healthy and sustainable competition. In this article, we propose two new antitrust approaches that fit into the existing regulatory landscape, detect signs of anticompetitive behavior early, and handle the unique nature of the digital marketplace. First, we advocate for an expanded definition of monopoly power under the Sherman Act that takes corporate data ownership into account. While current proxies for monopoly power, namely market share and price control, are symptoms of anticompetitive behavior, data ownership is increasingly its harbinger. Second, we advocate for an expanded premerger review process that seeks to prevent nascent competitors from being swallowed up by dominant players, a widespread practice that can be shown to reduce competitiveness. To this end, we leverage new insights from network science and empirical data to anticipate which types of mergers are most likely to have anticompetitive effects. Finally, we propose scalable regulatory strategies to discourage the anticompetitive behaviors we describe in their incipiency, without requiring case-by-case review. * Graduate student, Human Dynamics Group, MIT Media Lab and JD Candidate, Harvard Law School. ** Assistant professor at the Shenzhen-based ETH Zurich-SUSTech Risks-X Institute and visiting researcher at MIT Connection Science and Human Dynamics. *** Professor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Director, Connection Science and Human Dynamics, MIT Media Laboratory, Sloan School, and Institute for Data Systems and Society. 2021 53 Time for a New Antitrust Era
First Record of a Giant Bird (Ornithuromorpha) from the Uppermost Maastrichtian of the Southern Pyrenees, Northeast Spain

ABSTRACT Throughout the evolutionary history of Avialae, several members of this clade have evolved into giant forms, in different time periods and ecological contexts. In Europe, the first birds that show this condition, the Gargantuaviidae, occur during the Late Cretaceous (late Campanian–early Maastrichtian), but it is during the Paleogene when more groups evolve large forms. However, until now, there was no record of any giant bird during the late Maastrichtian of Europe, close to the K/Pg boundary. Here we describe a cervical vertebra (MPZ 2019/264) from Beranuy (Huesca, NE Spain), which is the first fossil evidence of a giant bird from the late Maastrichtian of Europe, within Chron C29r. The vertebra displays some features, such as a well-marked heterocoelous articulation, lateral pneumatic foramina, ventral carotid processes, and a low neural spine, that support its inclusion within the clade Ornithuromorpha. This phylogenetic assignment is supported by two cladistic analyses. The vertebra is clearly different from the one assigned to Gargantuavis, meaning that it belonged to a distinct taxon. Although the kinship between these two taxa of giant birds is still unclear, this finding demonstrates that large-sized birds were part of the ecological communities of the Ibero-Armorican island from the late Campanian to the Late Maastrichtian, being present during the last hundreds of thousands of years prior to the K/Pg extinction event.
Long-term Quality of Life After Intensive Care Unit Admission (a Single-Center Observational Study)

Patients may experience long-term physical, psychological and cognitive impairment after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge, a condition commonly described as post-intensive care syndrome. The relative contribution of each of these components to long-term quality of life was never investigated.The aim of this studyis to identify the type and severity of disability and QoL at the discharge from ICU and up to following 6 months.Material and Methods. All patients (n=218) discharged from a university hospital ICU between April 2016 and July 2017 were eligible. Exclusion criteria included: age <18 years, brain or spinal injury, life expectancy <90 days, and ICU stay <12 hours. The Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and 5-level EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaires were administered at ICU discharge, and at 30-, 90- and 180-days. We compared patients requiring short-term ICU monitoring (IM, Intensive Monitoring,n=109) or patients requiring ICU treatment (IT, Intensive Treatment,n=109). Results. All dimensions of SF-36 and EQ-5D-5L parameters increased from ICU discharge to 180-days, except for the SF-36 Synthetic index linked to mental health (P=0.08). All EQ-5D-5L parameters improved significantly in the IT group, while only Visual Analog Scale Health Perception improved in the IM group.Conclusion. ICU survivors suffer long-term physical and psychological sequelae. The perception of Quality of Life is reduced after ICU discharge. The psychological and cognitive dimensions were more compromised than physical ones. Patients discharged from the ICU may benefit from specific intensive care follow-up clinics addressing their needs in term of psychological and cognitive support.
Sustainable Solutions for Mass-Housing Design in Africa: Energy and Cost Assessment for the Somali Context

Today, the main issue of providing adequate and affordable housing is to go beyond the mere offer of basic shelters, intending to create sustainable and durable settlements. Due to the fragile and uncertain nature of its social, political and economic context, characterized by the lack of common shared legislative references and business strategies in the housing sector, Somalia is a challenging reality to be explored and improved. This paper describes the outcomes of the BECOMe project, intending to propose sustainable solutions for mass-housing design for new sustainable settlements in Mogadishu, involving local entrepreneurs, social organizations and renewable energy. In detail, social, environmental and economic key sustainability requirements (KSRs) for mass-housing are identified first. Then, the most appropriate climate-responsive design and construction technologies at the building level, tailored to the Mogadishu context, are selected; the outcomes are applied to a specific case-study building, assessing energy and cost performances to pave the way for implementation projects in Somalia.
Analisis Sentimen Berbasis Aspek pada Review Female Daily Menggunakan TF-IDF dan Naïve Bayes

The results of a product review will provide considerable benefits for producers or consumers. Female daily is a forum that discusses beauty products. There are many reviews that are obtained every day. Therefore a technique is needed to analyze the results of the review into valuable information. One of the techniques is aspect-based sentiment analysis. Aspect-based sentiment analysis will analyze each text to identify various aspects (attributes or components) then determine the level of sentiment (positive, negative, or neutral) that is appropriate for each aspect. From the results obtained, there are reviews that use multilingual languages. Then the steps taken are to translate the multilingual language into one language only, namely Indonesian. Before the review is processed, preprocessing will be carried out to make it easier to process. Then the word weighting is done using TF-IDF, and the method for classifying sentiments that will be used is Complement Naïve Bayes to overcome unbalanced data. From the test results obtained the best F1-Score of 62,81% for data translated into English and then into Indonesian and not using stopword removal
Impact of Lemon Grass and Tea Tree Oils on Foodborne Pathogens and their Produced Spoilage Enzymes

ESSENTIAL oils (EOs) are one of antimicrobial agents that naturally found in many plant’s parts and have long been recognized for their medicinal properties. The efficacy of ten essential oils (Tea tree, Lavender, Eucalyptus, Rosemary, Lemon grass, Basil, Olbanum, Cumin, Onion and Cress) against food pathogens isolates and their enzymes have been evaluated. Lemon grass exhibited a potent inhibitory activity against all isolates and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most susceptible with MIC and MBC values of 3. 12μL/mL and 6. 25μL/ mL, respectively. Tea tree oil was most effective against fungal isolates, Aspergillus flavus was the most susceptible with MIC value 1. 56μL/mL and MFC value 3. 12μL/mL. Transmission electron micrographs also confirmed that MIC concentrations of both oils caused many alternations in cell structure of both sensitive bacterial and fungal isolates. The most active antimicrobial fractions of Lemongrass and Tea tree oil were separated using TLC and analyzed by GC-MS as Citral and Terpinen-4-ol, respectively. These compounds exhibited a pronounced inhibitory effect on food spoilage enzymes (amylases, proteases, lactase, and lipases) with inhibition percentages ranged between 80 and 90%.
Utilization of GSP schemes as a political and economic determinant of the utilization of North-South FTAs

Abstract Many works have examined the variables driving the formation of North-South free trade agreements (FTAs) between developed and developing countries. This study analyzes the determinants shaping their utilization in the contexts of their political economy and of Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) schemes that are unilaterally granted by developed economies to developing countries’ exports. Most of the goods liberalized through GSP are liberalized from early on in North-South FTAs; however, since FTA concessions are legally binding, goods that are excluded or only partially liberalized in GSP will be also excluded or protected in FTAs. As GSP schemes are subject to unilateral restriction/elimination by the developed country, exporters using GSP tariffs will lobby for the non-removable liberalization of their exports through an FTA and subsequently will have a high FTA utilization. These scenarios result in North-South FTAs being used to a great extent to export goods covered by and exported through GSP, thus consolidating pre-FTA trade patterns. These arguments were tested by analyzing disaggregated and rarely accessed data on Thailand’s and Malaysia’s exports through the Japanese GSP and their bilateral FTAs with Japan, as well as interviews with key actors involved in the policymaking of these FTAs. Most sectors in Thailand and Malaysia that benefited from GSP lobbied for FTA liberalization with Japan. Goods previously exported through GSP account for most of FTA utilization and the previous use of GSP preferences has a higher predictive value of subsequent FTA utilization than FTA tariff savings.
Role of small Rhizaria and diatoms in the pelagic silica production of the Southern Ocean

We examined biogenic silica production and elementary composition (biogenic Si, particulate organic carbon and particulate organic nitrogen) of Rhizaria and diatoms in the upper 200 m along a transect in the Southwest Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean during austral summer (January–February 2019). From incubations using the 32Si radioisotope, silicic acid uptake rates were measured at 15 stations distributed in the Polar Front Zone, the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Ross Sea Gyre. Rhizaria cells are heavily silicified (up to 7.6 nmol Si cell−1), displaying higher biogenic Si content than similar size specimens found in other areas of the global ocean, suggesting a higher degree of silicification of these organisms in the silicic acid rich Southern Ocean. Despite their high biogenic Si and carbon content, the Si/C molar ratio (average of 0.05 ± 0.03) is quite low compared to that of diatoms and relatively constant regardless of the environmental conditions. The direct measurements of Rhizaria's biogenic Si production (0.8–36.8 μmol Si m−2 d−1) are of the same order of magnitude than previous indirect estimations, confirming the importance of the Southern Ocean for the global Rhizaria silica production. However, diatoms largely dominated the biogenic Si standing stock and production of the euphotic layer, with low rhizarians' abundances and biogenic Si production (no more than 1%). In this manuscript, we discuss the Antarctic paradox of Rhizaria, that is, the potential high accumulation rates of biogenic Si due to Rhizaria in siliceous sediments despite their low production rates in surface waters.
Pathological lesions of acute sodium chloride toxicity in common carp: Case report

Article history: Received April 11, 2020 Accepted May 26, 2020 Available online June 23, 2021 Sodium chloride (NaCl) have a major impact on fish farming, as it used to disinfect fish and their eggs, in contrast using NaCl in high dose can cause life threating toxicity with high mortalities in Cyprinus carpio. We aimed in current report to introduce for specialist in fish culturing and farmers a typical acute NaCl toxicity by presenting pathological lesions. The histopathological lesions composed from sever degenerative and necrotic changes in gill filaments with destruction in blood vessels and hyperplasia in secondary gill lamella. In conclusion, using NaCl in high uncalculated doses can cause significant pathological changes that lead to 100% mortalities in Cyprinus carpio.
The Case for Cold Hydrogen Dark Matter

The novel ‘Cold Hydrogen Dark Matter’ (CHDM) theory is summarized in this chapter. Special attention is paid to the fact that current technology prevents us from directly observing extremely cold ground state atomic hydrogen when it is of sufficiently low density in deep space locations. A number of very recent observations in support of this theory are summarized, including cosmic dawn constraints on dark matter. The importance of the Wouthuysen-Field effect as a probable mechanism for CMB decoupling of hydrogen at cosmic dawn is also stressed. This mechanism does not require a non-baryonic dark matter intermediary. Several predictions for this theory are made for the coming decade of observations and simulations.
How to build employees' relationship capital through different enterprise social media platform use: the moderating role of innovation culture

PurposeThe purpose of the present study is to build a research model to study how the use of different enterprise social media platforms affects employees' relationship capital, and the moderating role of innovation culture is also examined.Design/methodology/approachStructural equation modeling was performed to test the research model and hypotheses. Surveys were conducted in an electronic commerce company in China that uses different social media platforms, generating 301 valid responses for analysis.FindingsFirst, private social media used for work-related purposes can contribute to employees' relationship capital, and public social media QQ used for work-related purposes can contribute to employees' communication quality. WeChat used for social-related purposes has a positive effect on employees' information exchange. Second, innovation culture acts as a positive moderator between work-related media use and employees' information exchange, while innovation culture acts as a negative moderator between social-related WeChat use and employees' information exchange. Third, innovation culture acts as a positive moderator between work-related QQ use and employees' trust, while innovation culture acts as a negative moderator between social-related QQ use and employees' trust.Originality/valueFirst, this paper contributes to the information system (IS) social media literature by studying the effect of the use of different enterprise social media platforms used for different purposes on employees' relationship capital. Second, the authors contribute to relationship capital theory by clarifying that use of public and private social media platforms for social- and work-related purposes is an important driver of the formation of employees' relational capital. Third, the present study also contributes to enterprise social media literature by confirming that innovation culture acts as a different moderator between use of different enterprise social media platforms and employees' relationship capital.
Política de avaliação e performatividade: gerencialismo, biopoder e controle social

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a política de avaliação da educação brasileira que recebeu maior estímulo no contexto reformista do Novo Gerencialismo Público (NGP), cujas bases se encontram na doutrina neoliberal. Tem-se como pressuposto que essa política de avaliação é um dispositivo disciplinar e um instrumento de poder que se submete aos princípios da performatividade, trazendo implicações para a educação e para os agentes educacionais. Metodologicamente, recorre-se à teoria de biopoder de Michel Foucault e ao conceito de performatividade de Stephen Ball. Constata-se que, para além de aferir o desempenho dos estudantes, ao promover o intenso controle social, essa política pública altera a subjetividade dos agentes educacionais, punindo-os e formatando-os, em especial, os docentes. Palavras-chave: Escolas públicas - Avaliação - Brasil. Controle social. Performatividade. Educação.
The Importance of Governance in Digital Transformation: A Case Study of e-CRM Implementation in a Malaysian Petrochemicals Company

Many organizations embrace digital technologies to drive changes in enterprise business models and ecosystems that will not only enable them to weather the increasing environmental dynamics but also thrive on it. However, numerous internal and external factors have caused very few of them to continue their digital transformations in the right direction. For the rest, the journey to digital transformation have not resulted with businesses achieving complete value of a digitally-enabled change. Likewise, most Malaysian companies who have invested significantly in their digital endeavor have obtained very basic levels of return on their investments. This research examines the effects of governance on digital transformation by scrutinizing the implementation of e-CRM system at a Malaysian petrochemicals company. An exploratory study was initiated by interviewing key people at the company, leading to the adaptation of a survey questionnaire. Data was collected from 295 employees at various levels of management. Correlation analyses were carried out based on the parametric data. Governance was found to be significantly affecting digital transformation awareness, implementation and quality. Such findings demonstrate the importance of governance for supporting strategic decision making to deploy digital transformation in the manufacturing sector of an emerging economy.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(ether ether ketone)s and poly(ether ether ketone ketone)s containing pendant biphenyl and naphthyl groups

New poly(ether ether ketone)s (PEEKs) and poly(ether ether ketone ketone)s (PEEKKs) containing pendant biphenyl and naphthyl groups were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution reaction of each of the four bisphenols viz., 1-(4-biphenylyl)-1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 1-(4-biphenylyl)-1,1-bis(3-methyl,4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 4,4’-[1-(2-naphthalenyl)ethylidene] bis-phenol and 4,4’-[1-(2-naphthalenyl) ethylidene] bis-3-methylphenol with 4,4’-difluorobenzophenone and 1,3-bis(4–fluorobenzoyl)benzene in a solvent mixture of N,N-dimethylacetamide and toluene in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate. Inherent viscosities and number-average molecular weights of polymers were in the range of 0.42–0.86 dl/g and 2.40–7.55 × 104, respectively. PEEKs and PEEKKs were amorphous in nature and were readily soluble in a wide range of organic solvents and could be cast into flexible and tough films from chloroform solution. Glass transition temperature of PEEKs and PEEKKs were in the range of 180°C –200°C. T10 values of PEEKs and PEEKKs were in the range of 424°C–512°C in nitrogen atmosphere, indicating their good thermal stability.