Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polymorphism of Melanocortin-4 Receptor Gene and Its Association with Growth Traits in Bali Cattle

The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is a gene that controls growth traits. Â This gene is embedded in the leptin-melanocortin pathway and regulates body weight. Â Previous studies have successfully identified the genetic diversity of the MC4R associated with growth traits. Â However, studies on Bali cattle are limited. Â This study aimed to identify the SNP markers of the MC4R gene and its effect on birth body weight, weaning body weight, weaning chest girth, weaning withers height, weaning body length, yearling body weight, yearling chest girth, yearling withers height, and yearling body length in Bali cattle (n=43). Â The MC4R genotype was identified by sequencing and aligned using BioEdit v.7. 2.5. Â The association between genotype and growth traits was analyzed using the GLM procedure and DMRT in RStudio program v.2022. 02. Four SNPs were identified in the exon region: Â g.355GT, g.394CT, g.463GA, and g.682GA. Â Based on the Chi-square test, the population was fitted with HWE (p0.05). Â Genotype-phenotype association based on SNPs showed no significant result (p0.05) where the g.682GA (AG) locus had values of WB (104.33+17.15 kg), WCG (112.83+3.66 kg), WBL (89.50+3.94 kg), YB (124.17+22.44 kg), YCG (120.50+5.50 kg), and YBL (92.83+4.31 kg) higher than the other genotypes. Â Association based on haplotype type showed significant results (p0.05) in BB, where haplotype 2 had the highest BB (21.17+0.75 kg). Â In conclusion, the SNP markers found in this study were polymorphic but did not affect growth traits in Bali cattle.
Forestry Activities and Surface Water Quality in a Rainfall Watershed

The characteristics of water and water quality of the mainstream in a watershed can be directly affected by the ecological characteristics of the terrestrial ecosystem and indirectly affected by the species composition and structural change of the forests that interact. The most important causes of the structural changes are both silvicultural treatments and harvesting activities which can be considered as the main forestry activities. While water quality in a watershed is indirectly affected by forestry activities, especially harvesting activities, aquatic habitat can be also significantly affected. Due to the multifaceted interactions between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, this issue has not yet been clearly elucidated. Long-term studies on this subject at global scale have become widespread in recent years, which may guide the environmental and natural scientists to understand how the quality and characteristics of the prosperous water resources change with environmental influences. When the forestry activities are evaluated on the watershed basis, the flow regime of the mainstream changes while both the water temperature and the algal population increases, especially after the harvesting and thinning activities in riparian zones. In addition, there is an increase in the amount of sediment and organic matter transported to the main stream due to the decrease in forest vegetation in the watershed. That situation decreases water quality and negatively affects invertebrates, fish and other aquatic organisms. In this study, the impact of forestry activities on the quality of water resources and the indirect impact on the aquatic ecosystem was evaluated based on the relevant studies.
Reliability Analysis of the Nezahualcoyotl Dike in the Aztec City of Tenochtitlan

Before the Spanish conquest of Mexico, around the year 1519, the Valley of Mexico was a closed basin. As a result, at the bottom of the valley, an extensive system of shallow lakes, lagoons, and swamps was formed due to precipitation and permanent river’s discharge from the Sierra Nevada mountains. This lacustrine system occupied around 1000km2 of the total surface of the valley. Lakes Zumpango, Xaltocan, Chalco, Xochimilco, Texcoco, and Mexico were distinguished. The capital of the Aztec empire, Tenochtitlan, was founded and built on an island in the middle of Lake Mexico. The Aztecs were known for their impressive constructions and hydraulic structures. At the time of the Spanish conquest, they had a complex system of approximately 95 hydraulic structures (Palerm, 1973), of which the most impressive one was the Nezahualcoyotl dike. This structure was roughly sixteen kilometers long, eight meters’ height and three and a half meters’ width. Its principal function was to protect the city of Tenochtitlan from high water levels in Lake Texcoco. Nowadays, there are no remains of the dike and most of the lakes were drained. The purpose of this thesis is to characterize the lacustrine system and the Nezahualcoyotl at the time of the Spanish conquest of Mexico City dike by using historical documentation and present-day climate and terrain data. This in order to assess the reliability of the dike as a flood defense mechanism and to compare it to modern safety levels. The dike was tested for one failure mechanism: Overflow. A Markov chain and Copula models are proposed in order to create a synthetic time series of precipitation and evaporation. Through a hydrological balance, the water elevation at Lake Texcoco was obtained. In this way, it was possible to provide an estimation of the water level fluctuation in the lake each year during the wet season. In total, a thousand years of synthetic data were generated. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first time that an attempt is made to compare the Aztec design criteria with present time standards. This research illustrates, from an engineering point of view, the possible design criteria of the Nezahualcoyotl dike and the uncertainties surrounding it. This work can be used as a guideline to assess the reliability of other ancient structures or present-day constructions all over the world whose design is largely based on informal criteria where information for the reliability assessment is scarce.
Machine Learning Classifiers for Credit Risk Analysis

The modern world is a place of global commerce. Since globalization became popular, entrepreneurs of small and medium enterprises to large ones have looked up to banks, which have existed in various forms since antiquity, as their pillars of support. The risk of granting loans in various forms has significantly increased as a consequence of this, the businesses face financing difficulties. Credit Risk Analysis is a major aspect of approving the loan application that is done by analyzing different types of data. The goal is to minimize the risk of approving the loan for the Individuals or businesses who might not pay back on time. This research paper addresses this challenge by applying various machine learning classifiers to the German credit risk dataset. By evaluating and comparing the accuracy of these models to identify the most effective classifier for credit risk analysis. Furthermore, it proposes a contributory approach that combines the strengths of multiple classifiers to enhance the decision-making process for loan approvals. By leveraging ensemble learning techniques, such as the Voting Ensemble model, the aim is to improve the accuracy and reliability of credit risk analysis. Additionally, it explores tailored feature engineering techniques that focus on selecting and engineering informative features specific to credit risk analysis.
A Systematic Assessment of the Spatiotemporal Evolution of Fault Activation Through Induced Seismicity in Oklahoma and Southern Kansas

Much of Oklahoma and southern Kansas has seen widespread seismic activity in the last decade that is attributed to large‐scale wastewater disposal into the Arbuckle group. Using a waveform‐relocated earthquake catalog, we perform a systematic study of the activity on several hundreds of identified faults. We use 93 sequences with at least 30 events for a detailed analysis of their spatiotemporal evolution. For most awakened faults, seismicity tends to initiate at shallower depth and migrates deeper along the faults as the sequence proceeds. No major sequence starts with the largest earthquake, and many sequences initiate months before they rise to peak activity. We study temporal clustering as a means to quantify earthquake interactions. Some sequences show no temporal clustering similar to Poissonian background seismicity but at much higher rate than the natural background. Other sequences exhibit strong temporal clustering akin to main shock‐aftershock sequences. We conclude that once initiated by anthropogenic forcing, portions of the activated faults in the Oklahoma/Kansas area are close enough to failure to continue failing through earthquake interactions. In many sequences, including those with the largest earthquakes, seismicity continues within the previously activated region rather than by growing the activated area. Therefore, monitoring seismicity with a low magnitude threshold and high location precision has the potential to detect minor activity as it initiates failure on specific faults and thus provide time to take actions to mitigate the occurrence of potentially damaging earthquakes.
Agriculture Expansion in Franklin County Massachusetts: Analysis of Trade-Off Scenarios Between Agriculture Production and Ecosystem Services

Proposed food system developments outlined under the New England Food Vision (NEFV) require clearing over 6 million acres of forested land for conversion into agriculture. Franklin County, Massachusetts was used as a proxy for analyzing the greater New England landscape and to model the tradeoffs between ecosystem services of nutrient retention and carbon storage under five unique land-use scenarios. I hypothesize that because forested land cover provides the greatest capacity to sequester carbon and to reduce nutrient export, the value of these ecosystem services will not be outweighed by the projected increases in agriculture production. I developed land-use scenarios based on USDA soil capability class and current land-use codes, current conservation restrictions as well as BioMap2 future conservation goals. I used the InVEST Natural Capital 3.1. 0 geospatial modeling tools, including the Nutrient Retention and Carbon Storage modules, to quantify and value ecosystem services. Valuation of nutrient pollution was estimated under two different mitigation strategies including Wastewater Treatment (WWT) and Nutrient Management Plans (NMP) costs. The value of agriculture products was derived from the area converted into pasture or cropland from forests based on the NEFV dietary guidelines. I then estimated the wholesale value of vegetables, grass-fed beef, dairy, lamb and wool. The model predicts that the combined value to society ranges from a net present value (NPV) of $99 million under the baseline land use pattern, to net loss of $307 million under scenario 5 with NMP costs. When considering the costs of the WWT the net value nearly doubles, with a range of $184 million under the baseline scenario to $557 million under scenario 5. I conclude that maintaining the baseline land use pattern or scenario 4, which has limited agriculture expansion in the county, is the most sustainable option, and that all future conservation measures should be pursued to secure the value of ecosystem services for future generations. Pursuing the NEFV will cause wide scale destruction of ecosystem services that outweigh the value of increased local food production.
Description of the winter habitat of grassland birds with remote sensors and visual estimation

espanolRESUMEN Comprender la preferencia del habitat de aves de pastizal que declinan sus poblaciones es importante para su conservacion. Actualmente el uso de sensores remotos para describir el habitat de aves en Mexico es reciente y brinda estudios en menor tiempo y costo. El objetivo del trabajo fue describir la cobertura del suelo en areas con gorriones del genero Ammodramus en dos sitios de pastizal de Durango, con el protocolo de Bird Conservancy of the Rockies e imagenes de alta resolucion. Se seleccionaron 40 puntos de localizacion aleatoriamente a partir de detecciones (n=1881) registradas del seguimiento de 33 individuos de A. bairdii y 23 de A. savannarum, mediante telemetria. Se obtuvo una metrica de vegetacion y un ortomosaico con clasificacion supervisada en 4 clases, donde se insertaron los puntos de localizacion, realizando un buffer de 5 metros de radio y generando porcentajes de clases. Ambas tecnicas se correlacionan y demuestran ser utiles para cuantificar las variables observadas (p≤0.05); no existen diferencias significativas entre especies, ya que usan lugares con cobertura de pasto similares a los reportados en otros estudios (61.24±4.07%, 62.78±4.24%). Estos resultados muestran que la tecnologia geoespacial tiene gran potencial para la descripcion del habitat de aves de pastizal. EnglishABSTRACT Understanding habitat preferences of grassland birds declining is important for their conservation. Currently, the use of remote sensing technology to describe the habitat of grassland birds is a novel tool in Mexico which may allow for more accurate assessments of grassland habitat. High-resolution photographs and a protocol established by Bird Conservancy of the Rockies that uses ocular estimation was used in order to estimate vegetation cover within areas where individual sparrows of the genus Ammodramus were recorded in two sites located in Durango. Forty location points were randomly selected from detections (n = 1881) recorded from the follow-up of 33 individuals of A. bairdii and 23 of A. savannarum, by telemetry. Vegetation metric was obtained and from high-resolution photographs we created an orthomosaic with supervised classification in 4 classes of vegetation cover (%). At each bird location point, the percentage of each vegetation cover class within a 5 m radius area around the point was estimated. We did not find a significant difference between vegetation cover obtained by a high-resolution photographs or ocular estimations (p≤0.05) by species. Both species were found in areas with grass cover similar to those reported using different methods (61.24±4.07%, 62.78±4.24%). These results indicate that the use of remote sensing provide favorable information for the characterization of grassland bird’s habitat.
Towards a More Holistic Approach to Pollination

Pollination plays a key role in food production, biodiversity conservation and maintenance of ecosystem integrity Potts et al. [1]. Globally nearly 90% of wild flowering plant species depend on animal pollination Ollerton, et al. [2]. More than 75% of leading global crop types benefit from animal pollination in production, yield and quality Klein, et al. [3]. Some fruit crops are completely dependent on pollinators, and for others pollination results in better quality fruit. For instance, apple yields are between 40% and 90% lower without pollinators, depending on the variety Blitzer, et al. [4]; Garratt, et al. [5]; without pollination watermelon yields drop by 90% Winfree, et al. [6]. Insects, particularly bees, are the primary pollinators of most agricultural crops and wild plants. Pollination services in turn depend on both domesticated and wild pollinator populations, both of which are affected by environmental changes such as habitat destruction, fragmentation and degradation, the use of insecticides and climate change Potts et al. [7].
Singleton mutations in large-scale cancer genome studies: uncovering the tail of cancer genome

Abstract Singleton or low-frequency driver mutations are challenging to identify. We present a domain driver mutation estimator (DOME) to identify rare candidate driver mutations. DOME analyzes positions analogous to known statistical hotspots and resistant mutations in combination with their functional and biochemical residue context as determined by protein structures and somatic mutation propensity within conserved PFAM domains, integrating the CADD scoring scheme. Benchmarked against seven other tools, DOME exhibited superior or comparable accuracy compared to all evaluated tools in the prediction of functional cancer drivers, with the exception of one tool. DOME identified a unique set of 32 917 high-confidence predicted driver mutations from the analysis of whole proteome missense variants within domain boundaries across 1331 genes, including 1192 noncancer gene census genes, emphasizing its unique place in cancer genome analysis. Additionally, analysis of 8799 TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and in-house tumor samples revealed 847 potential driver mutations, with mutations in tyrosine kinase members forming the dominant burden, underscoring its higher significance in cancer. Overall, DOME complements current approaches for identifying novel, low-frequency drivers and resistant mutations in personalized therapy.
Differential contributions of body form, motion, and temporal information to subjective action understanding in naturalistic stimuli

Introduction We investigated the factors underlying naturalistic action recognition and understanding, as well as the errors occurring during recognition failures. Methods Participants saw full-light stimuli of ten different whole-body actions presented in three different conditions: as normal videos, as videos with the temporal order of the frames scrambled, and as single static representative frames. After each stimulus presentation participants completed one of two tasks—a forced choice task where they were given the ten potential action labels as options, or a free description task, where they could describe the action performed in each stimulus in their own words. Results While generally, a combination of form, motion, and temporal information led to the highest action understanding, for some actions form information was sufficient and adding motion and temporal information did not increase recognition accuracy. We also analyzed errors in action recognition and found primarily two different types. Discussion One type of error was on the semantic level, while the other consisted of reverting to the kinematic level of body part processing without any attribution of semantics. We elaborate on these results in the context of naturalistic action perception.
Occurrence of infectious bronchitis in layer birds in Plateau state, north central Nigeria

A flock of 54 wk-old layer birds exhibiting signs of respiratory distress, greenish diarrhea, and drop in egg production was investigated. A marked drop in egg production (55%) was recorded with eggs appearing white and soft-shelled. Mortality was in the range of 1%–2% with post-mortem lesions revealing cloudy air sacs, frothy, and congested lungs. Viral RNA was extracted from pooled tissue samples (trachea, lungs, spleen, and liver) and tested for Avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In addition, virus isolation was attempted in 9–11 day-old embryonating chicken eggs (ECE). In order to determine the prevalence of IBV serotype(s) in the flock, serum samples were screened by hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test using IBV antigens and antisera (Arkansas, Connecticut, and Massachusetts). Neither AIV nor NDV but IBV was detected in the tissue samples by RT-PCR. In addition, virus isolate obtained after four serial passages in ECE produced dwarfed, stunted, and hemorrhagic embryos, and the isolate was confirmed by RT-PCR to be IBV. The serum samples were 100% seropositive for three serotypes with HI titres ranging from 5 to 12 Log2. In this study, IBV was confirmed as the causative agent of the observed respiratory distress and drop in egg production. Also, the evidence of co-circulation of multiple IBV serotypes was established, this to the best of our knowledge is the first of such report in Nigeria. We recommend extensive molecular and sero-epidemiology of circulating IBV genotypes and serotypes in Nigeria with the aim of developing better control strategies, including vaccination.
Systematic Literature Review: Validitas Konstruk Skala Psychological Well-Being Ryff

Studi tentang psychological well-being telah mendapatkan perhatian khusus yang semakin meningkat dalam dekade terakhir, terutama diintegrasikan ke dalam bidang psikologi positif. Salah satu kesulitan dalam memahami pemahaman mendalam tentang konsep kesejahteraan psikologis karena banyaknya variasi konsep yang digunakan secara bergantian dalam literatur. Ryff (1989), melakukan tugas yang sulit untuk menyaring teori-teori model kesejahteraan psikologis yang original. Model Ryff mengintegrasikan kompenen-kompenen teori konsep aktualisasi diri dari Abraham Maslow, pandangan Rogers tentang pribadi yang berfungsi penuh, rumusan individu konsep kedewasaan Allport, model tahapan psikososial Erikson, kecenderungan hidup dasar Buhler, perubahan kepribadian Neugarten, kriteria positif kesehatan mental dari Jahoda. Teori Ryff mencakup enam dimensi dasar kesejahteraan psikologis, yaitu 1) Otonomi, 2) Penguasan lingkungan, 3) Pertumbuhan pribadi, 4) Hubungan positif dengan orang lain, 5) Tujuan Hidup, 6) Penerimaan diri. Prosedur yang digunakan untuk tinjauan sistematis dalam penelitian ini dirancang berdasarkan pernyataan PRISMA (Protocol Review Systematic and Meta-Analysis). Artikel ini menyarankan agar peneliti selanjutnya dalam upaya melakukan uji konstruk pada skala psychological well-being Ryff, disarankan melakukan uji validitas isi, konvergen, dan kriteria.
Exigência térmica e produtividade de canola em diferentes épocas de semeadura em Santa Maria - RS

Doctorate’s Theses Agronomy Post-Graduation Program Federal University of Santa Maria THERMAL REQUIREMENTS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF CANOLA IN DIFFERENT SOWING DATES IN SANTA MARIA RS AUTHOR: GEAN LOPES DA LUZ ADVISER: SANDRO LUÍS PETTER MEDEIROS Santa Maria, 25th,february, 2011. Canola is a brassicaceae oilseed plant, which was developed by conventional breeding from rapeseed cultivars, grain that have high levels of erucic acid and glucosinolates (antinutritional substances). Produces oil of excellent quality for human consumption and for biodiesel production, and being the third most produced oilseed in the world. The productivity of a crop is defined by the interaction between plant, environment and management. The seeding time is a key factor for achieving success at pursuing high yields. It can be achieved by adjusting the period of crop to the most favorable environment for the expression of the yield potential of the species. Research on the growth and yield of canola in Brazil is scarce and incipient. Few results are available for the scientific community. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the yield of canola at different times of sowing and to determine the lower base temperature in an experiment conducted in two growing seasons, 2008 and 2009. The hybrids Hyola 61 and Hyola 432, were sown in eight sowing dates in the first year, and Hyola 61 and Hyola 433, in nine sowing dates, in the second year. The results showed different lower base temperatures for each hybrid and subperiod studied. Sowing performed from June 26 onwards on both years of experiment led to major yield reduction. In Santa Maria, the highest grain yield of the canola crop occurs between April 3 and June 12.