Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heat‐killed Lactobacillus murinus confers neuroprotection against dopamine neuronal loss by targeting NLRP3 inflammasome

Abstract The intestinal flora has become very active in studies related to Parkinson's disease (PD) in recent years. The microbe‐gut‐brain axis is closely related to the maintenance of brain homeostasis as well as PD pathogenesis. Alterations in gut bacteria can contribute to neuroinflammation and dopamine (DA) neurodegeneration. Lactobacillus murinus, a gram‐positive bacterium, is a commensal gut bacteria present in the mammalian gut and considered as a potential probiotic due to its beneficial effects, including anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial actions. In this study, the effects of live L. murinus and heat‐killed L. murinus on DA neuronal damage in rats and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Data showed that heat‐killed L. murinus ameliorated 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced motor dysfunctions and loss of substantia nigra DA neurons, while no protection was shown in live L. murinus treatment. At the same time, heat‐killed L. murinus reduced the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia and the secretion of pro‐inflammatory factors, thus inhibiting the development of neuroinflammation. Furthermore, heat‐killed L. murinus failed to display its original neuroprotective properties in NLRP3 inflammasome knockout mice. Together, heat‐killed L. murinus conferred neuroprotection against DA neuronal loss via the inhibition of microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These findings provide a promising potential for future applications of L. murinus, and also beneficial strategy for PD treatment.
Evaluation of Cerebral Microbleeds in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background: CMBs have long been regarded to be an early imaging indication of haemorrhage - recumbent vasculopathy - and consequently a predictor of symptomatic stroke, especially intracerebral haemorrhage, and dementia in old life. Aim of the study: The primary goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for cerebral microbleeds (CMB) in acute ischemic stroke using T2* weighted imaging. Patients and Methods: The 6-month Prospective Cohort Study was repeated with the same This study includes 150 cases from the inpatient and outpatient clinics of Al-Azhar University Hospitals' neurology departments. MRI brain T2* was utilised to determine the presence or absence of cerebral microbleeds after an acute ischemic stroke diagnosis was made based on clinical, radiographic, and laboratory data. Results: Microbleeds in the brain were discovered to be prevalent in 21.3 percent of people. In terms of tobacco smoke, raised blood pressure, D.M, atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, and hyperlipidemia, there were statistically non-significant differences between those with negative and positive CMB. Patients with a positive CMB had a statistically significant increase in antiplatelet medication use compared to those with a negative CMB, according to the current data. Conclusion: Cerebral microbleeds were identified in 21.3 percent of patients over the age of 65 who had an ischemic stroke. One of the most significant risk factors connected to the development of CMBs has been identified as antiplatelet medications.
Association of CTLA4 and PD-L1 immunohistchemical expression with various clinicopathological parameters and survival in non–small-cell lung cancer

Background : Lung carcinoma is one of the most popular solid malignancies and is one of the most important sources of death all over the world. Unfortunately, drug resistance led to poor prognosis, high rate of recurrence and decreased survival (OS) in sick people have non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Both CTLA-4 and PDL-1 checkpoint inhibitors have resulted in increased patient survival in a number of studies of melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. The purpose of this study aimed to detect CTLA-4 and PD-L1immunoexpression in relation to various clinicopathological parameters and survival in NSCLC patients. Material and methods: Forty cases of NSCLC patients underwent surgical resection or bronchoscopy biopsy with no history of radiotherapy or chemotherapy were included. Results: Positive expression of CTLA4 was recognized in 31 (77.5%) of NSCLC patients . Positive PD-L1 results were found in 28 (70%) of NSCLC patients. There were significant relations between CTLA4 expression and high tumor grade (p value = 0.024) & tumor stage (p value = 0.010). There were significant relations between expression of PD-L1 and high tumor grade (p value = 0.012), tumor stage (p value = 0.012), histologic type (p value = 0.016), and smoking status (p value = 0.041). Although no significant relation was noted between either result of PD-L1 or CTLA4 and survival, positive expression was associated with shorter survival. (p value=0.816, p value= 0.130). Elevated serum PD-L1 level had been elevated in patients with positive PD-L1 expression (p < 0.001). Conclusions: CTLA4 and PD-L1are strongly associated with the prognosis of NSCLC. Their immunohistochemical expression may help in recognizing the adequate therapy for NSCLC patients.
Development of a McKibben artificial muscle using a shape-memory polymer

When McKibben artificial muscle actuators are applied to robotic joints, the joints are driven by pairs of actuators located antagonistically to increase the joint stiffness. However, the force for shape fixity is not large. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a McKibben artificial muscle using a shape-memory polymer (SMP). SMPs can be deformed above their glass transition temperature (Tg) by applying a small load. They maintain their shape after they have been cooled to below Tg. They then return to the predefined shape when heated above Tg. Exploiting these characteristics, we coated the braided mesh shell of a commercial McKibben artificial muscle and made a prototype of the actuator using the SMP. When this new actuator is warmed above Tg, the SMP deforms. Then, when the internal bladder is pressurized, the actuator shortens and/or produces a load. After the actuator becomes the desirable length, the actuator is cooled to below Tg and the SMP is fixed in a rigid state even without the air supply. Consequently, this actuator can maintain its length more rigidly and accurately. The experimental results conducted on this prototype confirm the feasibility of this new actuator.
Particles approximation for some 1D kinetic Fokker-Planck equations with singular forces

In this paper we consider a system of $N$ particles on the real line evolving according to Newton's law, interacting through a singular (repulsive) force deriving from the potential $\frac{|x|^{1-\alpha}}{1-\alpha}$ with $\alpha \in (0,1/8)$ and Brownian force. Thanks to the entropy dissipation along the Liouville equation associated to this particles system and a control of the mechanic energy, we establish a quantitative estimate which enables to conclude to a convergence/consistency the particles system toward the limiting Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation with singular force.
IMPACT OF SILICON AND SOME RHIZOBIAL SPECIES ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF TOMATO UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION PERIODS-NORTH SINAI

rrigation period is one of the significant factors affecting the growth, productivity, and yield of tomato plants. The study of increasing the period irrigation on tomato production is an important study of the effect of drought. The present investigation was carried out during the seasons of 2020/2021 in newly reclaimed arid land in the Agricultural Experimental Station of the Desert Research Center at Baloza Station, North Sinai Governorate (31° 32 03 N and 32° 362 03 E). The experimental results indicated that the increase in irrigation periods and foliar spraying foliar with silicon and microbial rhizobia in addition to the recommended doses of mineral fertilizers led to an increase in the yield of fresh and dry yield of tomato fruit and the nutrients content of leaves and fruits significantly increased. The average of tomato fruits accumulated in excess of biomass as total protein and total antioxidant content were increased by foliar spraying with silicon and also by inoculation of roots of the seedling by rhizobia. Proline content and water usage efficiency (WUE) in fruits were enhanced by various irrigation regimes. In comparison to the control, the irrigation water use efficiency (WUE) and proline content rose with the application of silicon and rhizobia but with less irrigation time. The microbial densities and activity under drought stress were boosted by the simultaneous application of silicon and rhizobia. It is notable that, soil dehydrogenase increased significantly with increasing irrigation period from 60 to 120 min, the highest mean values (1.031 μmol triphenyl formazan/g dry soil) were recorded at 120 min of field capacity of water requirement.
Application of a particle simulation to modeling commutation in a linear thyratron

Commutation is the period during which a thyratron makes the transition between an open state and a conducting state. During commutation the voltage across the thyratron decreases from the holdoff voltage to the conduction value; 10’s of kV to <100 V. The time for commutation, as measured by the anode voltage fall time, is usually 10–100 ns, a value which depends on the holdoff voltage, internal gas pressure, and grid geometry. In this paper, a model for commutation in a thyratron is described and its results are compared to experiment for a thyratron having a linear geometry. The model uses a Monte Carlo particle simulation for electrons and a continuum fluid representation for ions. A particle multiplication and renormalization scheme is used in the model to simulate electron avalanche so that only a moderate number of particles (4000–12000) need to be used. A modified null cross‐section technique is used to account for large changes in the density of electron collision partners as a function of positio.
Local systems over complements of hyperplanes and the Kac-Kazhdan conditions for singular vectors

In this paper we strenghten a theorem by Esnault-Schechtman-Viehweg, [3], which states that one can compute the cohomology of a complement of hyperplanes in a complex aﬃne space with coeﬃcients in a local system using only logarithmic global diﬀerential forms, provided certain ”Aomoto non-resonance conditions” for monodromies are fulﬁlled at some ”edges” (intersections of hyperplanes). We prove that it is enough to check these conditions on a smaller subset of edges, see Theorem 4.1. We show that for certain known one dimensional local systems over conﬁguration spaces of points in a projective line deﬁned by a root system and a ﬁnite set of aﬃne weights (these local systems arise in the geometric study of Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov diﬀerential equations, cf. [8]), the Aomoto resonance conditions at non-diagonal edges coincide with Kac-Kazhdan conditions of reducibility of Verma modules over aﬃne Lie algebras, see Theorem 7.1.
Neumann–Neumann waveform relaxation algorithm in multiple subdomains for hyperbolic problems in 1D and 2D

We present a Waveform Relaxation (WR) version of the Neumann–Neumann algorithm for the wave equation in space‐time. The method is based on a nonoverlapping spatial domain decomposition, and the iteration involves subdomain solves in space‐time with corresponding interface conditions, followed by a correction step. Using a Fourier‐Laplace transform argument, for a particular relaxation parameter, we prove convergence of the algorithm in a finite number of steps for the finite time intervals. The number of steps depends on the size of the subdomains and the time window length on which the algorithm is employed. We illustrate the performance of the algorithm with numerical results, followed by a comparison with classical and optimized Schwarz WR methods. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 33: 514–530, 2017
Transversus Abdominis Plane Block as a Strategy for Effective Pain Management in Patients with Pain during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Systematic Review

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), unlike laparotomy, is an invasive surgical procedure, and some patients report mild to moderate pain after surgery. Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block has been shown to be an appropriate method for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. However, there have been few studies on the efficacy of TAP block after LC surgery, with unclear information on the optimal dose, long-term effects, and clinical significance, and the analgesic efficacy of various procedures, hence the need for this review. Five electronic databases (PubMed, Academic Search Premier, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library) were searched for eligible studies published from inception to the present. Post-mean and standard deviation values for pain assessed were extracted, and mean changes per group were calculated. Clinical significance was determined using the distribution-based approach. Four different local anesthetics (Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine, Lidocaine, and Levobupivacaine) were used at varying concentrations from 0.2% to 0.375%. Ten different drug solutions (i.e., esmolol, Dexamethasone, Magnesium Sulfate, Ketorolac, Oxycodone, Epinephrine, Sufentanil, Tropisetron, normal saline, and Dexmedetomidine) were used as adjuvants. The optimal dose of local anesthetics for LC could be 20 mL with 0.4 mL/kg for port infiltration. Various TAP procedures such as ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (US-TAP) block and other strategies have been shown to be used for pain management in LC; however, TAP blockade procedures were reported to be the most effective method for analgesia compared with general anesthesia and port infiltration. Instead of 0.25% Bupivacaine, 1% Pethidine could be used for the TAP block procedures. Multimodal analgesia could be another strategy for pain management. Analgesia with TAP blockade decreases opioid consumption significantly and provides effective analgesia. Further studies should identify the long-term effects of different TAP block procedures.
Optimal linear Kawasaki model

The Kawasaki model is not exactly solvable as any choice of the exchange rate ($w_{jj'}$) which satisfies the detailed balance condition is highly nonlinear. In this work we address the issue of writing $w_{jj'}$ in a best possible linear form such that the mean squared error in satisfying the detailed balance condition is least. In the continuum limit, our approach leads to a Cahn-Hilliard equation of conservative dynamics. The work presented in this paper will help us anticipate how the conservative dynamics of an arbitrary Ising system depends on the temperature and the coupling constants. In particular, for two and three dimensional systems, the critical temperatures estimated in our work are in good agreement with the actual values. We also calculate the dynamic and some of the critical exponents of the model.
On Fractional Diffusion-Advection-Reaction Equation In $\mathbb{R}$

We present an analysis of existence, uniqueness, and smoothness of the solution to a class of fractional ordinary differential equations posed on the whole real line that models a steady state behavior of a certain anomalous diffusion, advection, and reaction. The anomalous diffusion is modeled by the fractional Riemann-Liouville differential operators. The strong solution of the equation is sought in a Sobolev space defined by means of Fourier Transform. The key component of the analysis hinges on a characterization of this Sobolev space with the Riemann-Liouville derivatives that are understood in a weak sense. The existence, uniqueness, and smoothness of the solution is demonstrated with the assistance of several tools from functional and harmonic analyses.
Eusociality as a neglected aspect of wild bee α‐diversity and its potential impact on diversity estimation

Bees provide important ecosystem services and are subjects of extensive studies on their α‐diversity, which is generally calculated with indices that integrate the number of species with their abundances. Variation in social behaviour, though expected to impact genetic diversity, is still largely neglected in such studies. We propose a simple method to show how sociality may affect diversity indices, when a surrogate of genetic diversity is taken into account. This method weighs the number of sampled females (N) to obtain new abundance values (NW), by taking into account relevant biological traits affecting genetic structure of populations, that is, the number of (natal) nests from which the sampled females originated (which depends on brood productivity and sex ratio) and the genetic relatedness among such females. Solitary species tend to have greater NW than eusocial ones especially at larger sample sizes. Across studies on 121 bee communities, we found that Taxonomic distinctness, Shannon–Wiener diversity and Gini–Simpson dominance tended to be greater when based on NW rather than on N. Such differences increased in communities with decreasing number of eusocial species and with increasing proportion of individuals from eusocial species. The results suggest that taking into account the social organisation of wild bees may have important consequences in estimating α‐diversity, thus claiming for future efforts in collecting biological data on as many wild bee species as possible to improve the precision of NW estimations. For example, stressors affecting more solitary bees could impoverish communities dominated by few but abundant eusocial species, more than expected by using unweighted abundances.
Sleep efficiency and the metabolic risk score in very active older women and men

Abstract Study Objectives Sleep disruption is a risk factor for obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in older adults. How physical activity (PA) interacts with the negative cardiometabolic effects of poor sleep is not known. We objectively measured sleep efficiency (SE) in very active older adults and examined the association between SE and a continuous Metabolic Syndrome Risk Score (cMSy). Methods Very active older adults (age ≥65 years) from a Master’s Ski Team (Whistler, Canada) were recruited. Each participants wore an activity monitor (SenseWear Pro) continuously for 7 days to provide measures of both daily energy expenditure (metabolic equivalents, METs) and SE. All components of the metabolic syndrome were measured and a principal component analysis was used to compute a continuous metabolic risk score (cMSy, sum of eigenvalues ≥1.0). Results A total of 54 participants (mean age 71.4 years, SD 4.4 years, and 24 men and 30 women) were recruited and had very high PA levels (>2.5 h per day of exercise). Initially, there was no significant association between SE and cMSy (p = 0.222). When stratified by biological sex, only men showed a significant negative association between SE and cMSy (Standardized β = −0.364 ± 0.159, p = 0.032). Conclusions Only older men show a significant negative association between poor SE and increased cardiometabolic risk, despite high levels of PA.
Milnor invariants and Massey products for prime numbers

Following the analogy between primes and knots, we introduce the refined Milnor invariants for prime numbers and establish their connection with certain Massey products in Galois cohomology. This generalizes the well-known relation between the power residue symbol and cup product and gives a cohomological interpretation of L. Rédei's triple symbol.
EFFECT OF MICRONUTRIENTSS AND WEED CONTROL TREATMENTS ON PEANUT YIELD AND ASSOCIATED WEEDS UNDER SANDY SOIL CONDITIONS.

: Two field trials were carried out during 2005 and 2006 successive summer seasons at Ismailia Agricultural Research Station, to study the effect of micronutrients and weed control treatments on the dry weights of annual weeds (g/m 2 ), peanut yield, yield components, macronutrient uptake, protein and oil percentage of peanut grown under sandy soil condition. The results showed that foliar application of micronutrients signify-cantly reduced the dry weights of all weed species. Applying foliar application of micronutrients at the rate of 3.0 g/L reduced significantly the dry weights of total annual weeds at 75 and 105 (DAS) by 33.8 and 10.8%, respectively, as compared to control treatment (without addition of foliar application) in the first and second seasons. In general, foliar application of micronutrients increased signify-cantly seed, straw and biological yield of peanut as well as N, P and K uptake and protein percentage as compared with control treatment in both seasons. All herbicidal treatments gave significant effect on reducing the dry weights of all weed species at 75 and 105 (DAS) in 2005 and 2006 seasons. Applying butralin at the rate of 1200 g (a.i)/fed followed by one hand-hoeing reduced the dry weights of total annual weeds by (90.5 & 92.5%) and (94.2 & 89.9%) at 75 and 105 (DAS), respectively, as compared to weedy check in 2005 and 2006 seasons. Applying oxyfluorfen at the rate of 240 g (a.i)/ fed followed by at 75 (DAS) in 2005 and 2006 seasons. Foliar application of micronutrients with butralin at the rate of 1200 g (a.i)/fed followed by one hand-hoeing and oxyfluorfen at the rate of 240 g (a.i)/fed significantly increased N, P and K uptake of peanut seeds, straw and biological yield as compared to control treatment plus weedy check in 2005 season. Foliar application of micronutrients at the rate of 3.0 g/L plus oxyfluorfen at the rate of 240 g (a.i)/fed followed by one hand-hoeing increased significantly N, P and K uptake of seeds, straw and biological yield as compared to control treatment plus weedy check in 2006 season. Economic evaluation of the results indicated that using foliar application of micronutrients at rate 4.5 g/L and weed treatment by oxyfluorfen at the rate of 240 g (a.i)/ fed followed by one hand-hoeing gave the highest economic values in the average of two seasons for all economic evaluation. Applying foliar application of micronutrients at the rate of 4.5 or/ and 3.0 g/L with oxyfluorfen at the rate of 240 g (a.i)/fed followed by one hand-hoeing increased gross income, net income and profitability, respectively.
Dispersive white-light spectral two-beam interference under general measurement conditions

Spectral-domain interference of two beams from a white-light source is analyzed theoretically and experimentally when the effects of both dispersion in an interferometer and the response function of a, spectrometer are taken into account. The spectral interference law is expressed analytically under the condition of a Gaussian response function of a spectrometer. It is revealed that the spectral interference fringes can be resolved, visibility of which depends on the bandpass of the spectrometer and on the group optical path difference (OPD) between interfering beams. The theoretical analysis is accompanied by experiments employing a dispersive Michelson interferometer and a low-resolution Spectrometer. Two experiments with different amounts of dispersion in the Michelson interferometer are realized giving the spectral interference fringes resolved only in the vicinity of the so-called equalization wavelength, at which the group OPD between interfering beams is zero. The spectral interferograms recorded within both experiments are compared with the theoretical ones, which are modeled knowing dispersion in the interferometer and the bandpass of the spectrometer. Dispersion in the interferometer is affected by the thickness of the optical sample made of fused silica and the refractive index dispersion governed by the Sellmeier dispersion relation. It is revealed good agreement between the theory and experiment indicating a possibility of proposing a new method of measuring distances and displacements when dispersion in the interferometer is known.