Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Breaking bad IMRT QA practice

Agreement between planned and delivered dose distributions for patient‐specific quality assurance in routine clinical practice is predominantly assessed utilizing the gamma index method. Several reports, however, fundamentally question current IMRT QA practice due to poor sensitivity and specificity of the standard gamma index implementation. An alternative is to employ dose volume histogram (DVH)‐based metrics. An analysis based on the AAPM TG 53 and ESTRO booklet No.7 recommendations for QA of treatment planning systems reveals deficiencies in the current “state of the art” IMRT QA, no matter which metric is selected. The set of IMRT benchmark plans were planned, delivered, and analyzed by following guidance of the AAPM TG 119 report. The recommended point dose and planar dose measurements were obtained using a PinPoint ionization chamber, EDR2 radiographic film, and a 2D ionization chamber array. Gamma index criteria {3%(global),3 mm} and {3%(global),3 mm} were used to assess the agreement between calculated and delivered planar dose distributions. Next, the AAPM TG 53 and ESTRO booklet No.7 recommendations were followed by dividing dose distributions into four distinct regions: the high‐dose (HD) or umbra region, the high‐gradient (HG) or penumbra region, the medium‐dose (MD) region, and the low‐dose (LD) region. A different gamma passing criteria was defined for each region, i.e., a “divide and conquer” (D&C) gamma method was utilized. The D&C gamma analysis was subsequently tested on 50 datasets of previously treated patients. Measured point dose and planar dose distributions compared favorably with TG 119 benchmark data. For all complex tests, the percentage of points passing the conventional {3%(global),3 mm} gamma criteria was 97.2%±3.2% and 95.7%±1.2% for film and 2D ionization chamber array, respectively. By dividing 2D ionization chamber array dose measurements into regions and applying 3 mm isodose point distance and variable local point dose difference criteria of 7%, 15%, 25%, and 40% for HD, HG, MD, and LD regions, respectively, a 93.4%±2.3% gamma passing rate was obtained. Identical criteria applied using the D&C gamma technique on 50 clinical treatment plans resulted in a 97.9%±2.3% gamma passing score. Based on the TG 119 standard, meeting or exceeding the benchmark results would indicate an exemplary IMRT QA program. In contrast to TG 119 analysis, a different scrutiny on the same set of data, which follows the AAPM TG 53 and ESTRO booklet No.7 guidelines, reveals a much poorer agreement between calculated and measured dose distributions with large local point dose differences within different dose regions. This observation may challenge the conventional wisdom that an IMRT QA program is producing acceptable results. PACS number: 87.55. Qr
SEXUAL SELECTION, MULTIPLE MALE ORNAMENTS, AND AGE‐ AND CONDITION‐DEPENDENT SIGNALING IN THE COMMON YELLOWTHROAT

In many animals, sexual selection has resulted in complex signaling systems in which males advertise aspects of their phenotypic or genetic quality through elaborate ornamentation and display behaviors. Different ornaments might convey different information or be directed at different receivers, but they might also be redundant signals of quality that function reliably at different times (ages) or in different contexts. We explored sexual selection and age‐ and condition‐dependent signaling in the common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), a sexually dichromatic warbler with two prominent plumage ornaments—a melanin‐based, black facial “mask” and carotenoid‐based, UV‐yellow “bib. ” In a three‐year study, variance among males in the number of social (Mw) and extra‐pair (Me) mates generated strong sexual selection on mask and bib attributes. Some traits (mask size, bib yellow brightness) were correlated with male age and did not experience selection beyond age‐related increases in Mw and Me. Other traits showed age‐specific (bib size) or age‐reversed (ultraviolet brightness) patterns of selection that paralleled changes in the information‐content of each ornament. The components of male fitness generating selection in young versus old males were distinct, reflecting different sources of variation in male fertilization success. Age‐ and context‐dependent changes in the strength, direction, and target of selection may help explain the maintenance of multiple ornaments in this and other species.
MOBILITY BASED CHECKPOINTING AND TRUST BASED RECOVERY IN MANET

Proposed work is a mobility based checkpointing and trust based rollback recovery algorithm to provide fault tolerance in Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET). Here each mobile host maintains a count of number of clusters a mobile host traverses through, during a single checkpoint interval. A mobile host increments ‘cluster-change-count’ by 1, each time it leaves a cluster and joins another. Each mobile host saves a checkpoint independently if its ‘cluster-change-count’ exceeds a predefined threshold. This measure is important because each mobile host leaves its last checkpoint and logs at different clusters that it has visited earlier. If the mobile host fails, the time to search and collect its last checkpoint and logs gets added to the recovery time of the mobile host. In MANET, retrieval of checkpoint and logs has to be done through a number of intermediate mobile hosts because each mobile host has short area coverage, hence direct communication among distant mobile hosts is not possible. Now if any of these mobile hosts fail, depending on the nature of failure, the checkpoint or log may be lost or forwarding of them to the failed host may be delayed causing unsuccessful or delayed recovery of the failed host respectively. This can be avoided if it is ensured that the checkpoints and logs are forwarded only through trusted nodes. Trust model proposed here computes trust value of a mobile host based on four factors: failure rate, availability in network, unused energy and recommendations from neighbour mobile hosts. Simulation results show that proposed algorithm achieves low recovery cost and high recovery probability of failed mobile hosts.
Crystal-associated cholangiopathy in sheep grazing Brachiaria decumbens containing the saponin protodioscin 1

Brum K.B. , Haraguchi M. , Lemos R.A. A, Riet-Correa F. & Fioravanti M.C. S. 2007. Crystal-associated cholangiopathy in sheep grazing Brachiaria decumbens containing the saponin protodioscin. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(1):39-42. Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Caixa Postal 549, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil. E-mail: kbbrum@gmail.com An outbreak of hepatogenous photosensitization is reported in a flock of 28 sheep grazing Brachiaria decumbens in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Central-Western Brazil. Seven lambs and an adult sheep were affected and 6 of them died. Two surviving affected lambs and one lamb without clinical signs had increased serum values of gamma glutamyltransferase, bilirubin, and cholesterol. In two adult unaffected sheep those parameters were within normal values. An adult sheep submitted to necropsy presented moderate body condition, unilateral corneal opacity, drying of the muzzle, moderate jaundice, increased lobular pattern of the liver, and a distended gallbladder. Histological lesions were epithelial degeneration, necrosis, and hyperplasia of small bile ducts. Mild amounts of foamy macrophages were observed, mainly in the centroacinar zone. Diffuse swelling and vacuolation were observed in hepatocytes. Crystal negative images were found within bile ducts, foamy macrophages, and the lumen of some renal tubules. The heart showed multifocal areas of degeneration and necrosis of the muscle fibers. Pasture samples (Brachiaria decumbens) contained 2.36% of protodioscin. No Pithomyces chartarum spores were found in the pasture. Samples from a similar neighboring B. decumbens pasture grazed by cattle without photosensitization contained 1.63% of protodioscin isomers. Outbreaks of photosensitization caused by Brachiaria spp. are common in cattle in the Brazilian Cerrado (savanna) with about 51 million hectares of Brachiaria spp pastures. Sheep farming has been recently developed in this region, and the number of sheep is increasing significantly. Because sheep are more susceptible than cattle to lithogenic saponins, poisoning by Brachiaria should be an important limiting factor for the sheep industry.
Is greater variety of chocolates and confectionery in supermarkets associated with more consumption?

). We collected information from women about the consumption of chocolate and confectionery, and audited supermarkets within the sampled suburbs to calculate the number of different varieties of these items stocked. Multilevel analysis was used to determine whether the variety of these snack food items in local neighbourhood supermarkets was associated with women’s confectionery and chocolate consumption. Our findings showed that the majority of women ate either chocolate (75%) or confectionery (82%) once a week or less; a small percentage of participants ate chocolates (5%) or confectionery (3%) on a daily basis. However, multilevel multinomial models
Social Networks Evolving into Service Platforms - the Facebook-case from a Business Model Viewpoint

Considering Facebook as one of the most successful social networking platforms turning into a service-platform model, this case study indicates the reasons for this success from a business model point of view. The first section introduces a business model concept based on the latest research. Afterwards the concept has been applied to specify the most important elements of this business model case. This contribution focusses on the value proposition, the target customers, the platformservice and the financial domain of the social network case. According to the official Facebook-site, the social network platform Facebook currently counts 400 million active users worldwide. 50 percent of the active users visit the site once a day. According to [Bag10], the time visitors spent on popular sites like heise.de is approximately 6 pages, whereas the Facebook visits include 15 pages averagely. This means the site is not used for short stays but serves as a place for comparatively long-time browsing activities. Already in July 2008, the New York Times explained that the value of Facebook would be somewhere between $3.75 billion and $15 billion. Nevertheless, due to the stock-absence of Facebook, the company does not publicly disclose its financial results. We consider the Facebook-platform to be a success story with one of the most mature business models in the social networking area. Therefore this paper outlines the Facebook-platform from a business model viewpoint. Although privacy protection is generally considered as very important for the Facebook business, this paper explicitly does not cover this technical and processual issue. In the following section a business model concept based on current literature is introduced. Afterwards the concept is applied to the Facebook case and the paper concludes by indicating the most important elements of this business model case and giving a perspective on future trends. 1 Business model research A business model includes an abstraction of a company’s business logic and provides an aerial view on several elements of a business like value proposition, target customers, revenues stream and processes. The term business model is still used in different meanings 1Facebook-statistics in this paper originate from http://www.facebook. com/press/info.php? statistics, last access on June 22nd, 2010. 2These estimations are derived from a lawsuit between Facebook and ConnectU ($3.75 billion) and a Microsoft investment deal of $240 million leading to a cumulative valuation of $15 billion. Source: http://bits.blogs. nytimes.com/2008/07/03/what-is-facebook-worth-part-37/, last access on June 22nd, 2010.
A follow-up study of the Monarch adjustable implant for correction of nasal valve dysfunction.

phia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007. 5. Gosain AK, Klein MH, Sudhakar PV, Prost RW. A volumetric analysis of softtissue changes in the aging midface using high-resolution MRI: implications for facial rejuvenation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;115(4):1143-1145. 6. Kahn JL, Wolfram-Gabel R, Bourjat P. Anatomy and imaging of the deep fat of the face. Clin Anat. 2000;13(5):373-382. 7. Loukas M, Kapos T, Louis RG Jr, Wartman C, Jones A, Hallner B. Gross anatomical, CT and MRI analyses of the buccal fat pad with special emphasis on volumetric variations. Surg Radiol Anat. 2006;28(3):254-260.
Scheduled Knowledge Acquisition on Lightweight Vector Symbolic Architectures for Brain-Computer Interfaces

Brain-Computer interfaces (BCIs) are typically designed to be lightweight and responsive in real-time to provide users timely feedback. Classical feature engineering is computationally efficient but has low accuracy, whereas the recent neural networks (DNNs) improve accuracy but are computationally expensive and incur high latency. As a promising alternative, the low-dimensional computing (LDC) classifier based on vector symbolic architecture (VSA), achieves small model size yet higher accuracy than classical feature engineering methods. However, its accuracy still lags behind that of modern DNNs, making it challenging to process complex brain signals. To improve the accuracy of a small model, knowledge distillation is a popular method. However, maintaining a constant level of distillation between the teacher and student models may not be the best way for a growing student during its progressive learning stages. In this work, we propose a simple scheduled knowledge distillation method based on curriculum data order to enable the student to gradually build knowledge from the teacher model, controlled by an $\alpha$ scheduler. Meanwhile, we employ the LDC/VSA as the student model to enhance the on-device inference efficiency for tiny BCI devices that demand low latency. The empirical results have demonstrated that our approach achieves better tradeoff between accuracy and hardware efficiency compared to other methods.
Anaphylaxis to red currants

Dermatol 1995;12:51±52. 4. ARIAS J, FERNAÂ NDEZ-RIVAS M, PANADERO P. Selective ®xed drug eruption to amoxycillin. Clin Exp Dermatol 1995;20:339±340. 5. JIMEÂ NEZ I, ANTOÂ N E, PICANS I, SAÂ NCHEZ I, QUINÄ ONES MD, JEREZ J. Fixed drug eruption from amoxycillin. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 1997;25:247±248. 6. LANDTHALER M, MICHALOPOULOS M, SCHWAB U, DORN M. Erythema Scarlatiniforme Desquamativum Recidivans Localisatum. Hautarzt 1985;36:581±585.
Impact of immunogenicity on response to anti-TNF therapy in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: results of the PREDIR study

Abstract Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the relationship between loss of clinical response to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy and the production of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) and the potential effects of biologic immunogenicity. Materials and methods: This observational, non-interventional, cross-sectional study included patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and secondary failure of adalimumab, etanercept and infliximab who were seen in the clinical practice setting. Clinical data and blood samples were collected after patient enrollment at the time that next doses of anti-TNF therapy were scheduled. ADA and serum drug concentrations were detected at a central reference laboratory using ELISA. Results: Among 137 enrolled patients, ADA were identified in 31/65 (48%), 0/47 and 8/19 (42%) of patients treated with adalimumab, etanercept and infliximab, respectively. The presence of ADA was associated with a slightly worse clinical response in adalimumab-treated patients (Physician Global Assessment score: 3.7 vs. 3.2, ADA-positive vs. ADA-negative patients [p < .05]; correlation between serum ADA titer and body surface area: r = .292 [p = .019]). Concomitant DMARDs were not associated with anti-TNF immunogenicity in any treatment group. Conclusions: Additional evidence is needed from studies of anti-TNF therapy in psoriasis for clinicians to gain a better understanding of the impact of immunogenicity on clinical response.
Simulated social control for secure Internet commerce

In this paper we suggest that soft security such as social COIIt.rol has to Ire used to create secure open systems. Social co7Ltrol 7nearls that it is the participants the7nselves who are responsible for the security, as opposed to leaving the security to sonle external or global authority. Social mechanisms don’t deny the. existe7rce of 7nalicious participants. Instead the? / are aiming at avoiding interaction with them. This 7nakes them more robust than hard security mechnnisms such as passwo7.ds, who reveal everythi7Lg if they are bypassed. We describe our work in progress of constructing a workbench to ru71 sirnulatiorls uf electronic markets. By examining the success of different security mechanisms to avoid 7naliciously behaving actors we hope to gain insight into how to create electronic markets. The idea of creating reputations for the participants is discussed. Finally some legal aspects on using social control and reputation as security mechanisms are discussed.
Violent crime runs in families: a total population study of 12.5 million individuals

Background Etiological theory and prior research with small or selected samples suggest that interpersonal violence clusters in families. However, the strength and pattern of this aggregation remains mostly unknown. Method We investigated all convictions for violent crime in Sweden 1973–2004 among more than 12.5 million individuals in the nationwide Multi-Generation Register, and compared rates of violent convictions among relatives of violent individuals with relatives of matched, non-violent controls, using a nested case–control design. Results We found strong familial aggregation of interpersonal violence among first-degree relatives [e.g. odds ratio (OR)sibling 4.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.2–4.3], lower for more distant relatives (e.g. ORcousin 1.9, 95% CI 1.9–1.9). Risk patterns across biological and adoptive relations provided evidence for both genetic and environmental influences on the development of violent behavior. Familial risks were stronger among women, in higher socio-economic strata, and for early onset interpersonal violence. There were crime-specific effects (e.g. ORsibling for arson 22.4, 95% CI 12.2–41.2), suggesting both general and subtype-specific familial risk factors for violent behavior. Conclusions The observed familiality should be accounted for in criminological research, applied violence risk assessment, and prevention efforts.
Resistance of Wild Solanum Accessions to Aphids and Other Potato Pests in Quebec Field Conditions

Abstract Two experiments were done to determine the susceptibility of six wild potato accessions to the aphids Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Densities of aphid colonies were compared between caged Solanum pinnatisectum Dunal (Solanales: Solanaceae), S. polyadenium Greenmam, S. tarijense Hawkes, S. infundibuliforme Philippi, S. oplocense Hawkes, and S. stoloniferum Schlechted and Bouché, and the commercially cultivated potato plant S. tuberosum L. cv. Désirée. Moreover the susceptibility of S. polyadenium and S. tarijense to the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrlysomelidae), the potato flea beetle Epitrix cucumeris (Harris), and the potato leafhopper Empoasca fabae (Harris) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) was compared to that of S. tuberosum cv. Désirée in the field. Results indicated that S. polyadenium and S. tarijense were more resistant to M. persicae than S. pinnatisectum and the commercially cultivated S. tuberosum cv. Désirée. Solanum polyadenium was more resistant to aphids than S. tarijense in 2004, but not in 2005. Moreover, S. polyadenium and S. tarijense were more resistant than S. tuberosum cv. Désirée to L. decemlineata, E. cucumeris and E. fabae.
Anti-inflammatory treatments for mood disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Recent studies suggest that anti-inflammatory medication may play a role in the treatment of mood disorders. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Method: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched from inception until 15 April 2017 for completed and on-going randomized controlled trials of anti-inflammatory agents for major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Data from randomized controlled trials assessing the antidepressant and anti-manic effect of adjunctive mechanistically diverse anti-inflammatory agents were pooled to determine standard mean differences (SMDs) compared with placebo and/or treatment as usual. Results: Patients receiving anti-inflammatory agents showed lower post-treatment depressive symptom scores compared with those receiving placebo with a standard mean difference of −0.71 (six randomized controlled trials, n=214, 95% CI −1.24 to −0.17, p=0.009). Anti-inflammatory treatment was found to reduce post-treatment manic symptom scores with a standard mean difference of −0.72 (three randomized controlled trials, n=96, 95% CI −1.31 to −0.13, p=0.02). Anti-inflammatories did not show a statistically significant improvement in the secondary outcome measure (change in symptom scores from baseline to outcome). Conclusions: Further high quality trials are needed before making recommendations for the routine clinical use of anti-inflammatories in the treatment of mood disorders.
The SNF1 Kinase Ubiquitin-associated Domain Restrains Its Activation, Activity, and the Yeast Life Span*♦

Background: The UBA domain in the AMP kinase family is poorly defined. Results: This motif restrains kinase activity, resulting in decreased life span and oxidative stress resistance. Conclusion: This inhibitory domain has defined influences with FOXOs on stress and aging. Significance: The overactive kinase created by UBA mutations has positive stress resistance and aging influences that may translate to human metabolic benefits. The enzyme family of heterotrimeric AMP-dependent protein kinases is activated upon low energy states, conferring a switch toward energy-conserving metabolic pathways through immediate kinase actions on enzyme targets and delayed alterations in gene expression through its nuclear relocalization. This family is evolutionarily conserved, including the presence of a ubiquitin-associated (UBA) motif in most catalytic subunits. The potential for the UBA domain to promote protein associations or direct subcellular location, as seen in other UBA-containing proteins, led us to query whether the UBA domain within the yeast AMP-dependent protein kinase ortholog, SNF1 kinase, was important in these aspects of its regulation. Here, we demonstrate that conserved UBA motif mutations significantly alter SNF1 kinase activation and biological activity, including enhanced allosteric subunit associations and increased oxidative stress resistance and life span. Significantly, the enhanced UBA-dependent longevity and oxidative stress response are at least partially dependent on the Fkh1 and Fkh2 stress response transcription factors, which in turn are shown to influence Snf1 gene expression.
Psychological Testing: Design, Analysis, and Use

Using This Book. I. TEST DESIGN. 1. Introduction to Psychological Testing. 2. Test Development. 3. Ability Tests. 4. Personality Tests and Rating Tests. II. TEST ANALYSIS. 5. Working with Scores. 6. Reliability Analyses. 7. Validity Analyses. 8. Item Analysis. III. TEST USE. 9. Testing in Educational Settings. 10. Testing in Clinical Settings. 11. Testing in Counseling Settings. 12. Testing in the Workplace. Glossary. Appendices. Answers To Practice Problems. References. Index.