Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proterozoic Assembly Of North America: Insight From The Interactions Of Deformation, Metamorphism And Magmatism In The Southwestern United States

The Paleoproterozoic Vallecito conglomerate of the Needle Mountains, Colorado, experienced deformation and metamorphism during emplacement of the ~1.4 Ga Eolus batholith, producing a contact aureole defined by sillimanite near the pluton, andalusite and sillimanite together ~2 km from the pluton, and andalusite alone at greater distance. In the andalusite-sillimanite zone, sillimanite rich layers, poor in andalusite, define shear bands. In contrast, regions between shear bands contain abundant andalusite and sillimanite. A deformed sample is enriched in immobile elements, with an estimated major element mass loss of 43% relative to a weakly deformed sample. Modal and compositional variation between deformed and undeformed regions indicates that mass transfer was central to shear band development. This process changed the composition of the deformed sample, facilitated the localization of deformation, catalyzed metamorphism and allowed the assemblage to more rapidly approach equilibrium than weakly deformed assemblages.
Ghana : Coastal Wetlands Management (Project)

The objectives of the Coastal Wetlands Management Project for Ghana (1993-99) were to maintain the ecological integrity of five key coastal wetland areas by involving the people who derive their livelihood from these ecosystems in the planning and implementation of management programs; to identify and monitor the common resources that benefit the human and bird populations in the wetlands, and manage them without unduly restricting the options of people to derive benefit from the resources. It would also develop capabilities at government and community level for implementing the program. This project was implemented with the assistance of a Global Environmental Trust Fund grant.
Unhealthy weight among young children in the Middle East and North African region

Abstract Objective: To understand early-life growth in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, and how it has changed over time, we estimated the prevalence of wasting and overweight at ages under 5 years. Design: Cross-sectional data from twenty-nine Demographic and Health Surveys with direct anthropometric data and parent-reported demographic information were examined. The study utilised the WHO Child Growth Standards to classify overweight (weight-for-height z-score ≥ 2 sd above the median), wasting (weight-for-height z-score ≤ 2 sd below the median) and unhealthy weight defined as either wasting or overweight. Setting: Nationally representative for nine of the MENA countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Jordan, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey and Yemen). Participants: Children under age 5 from nine MENA countries between 1987 and 2016 (n 155 961). Results: Across the region, at the most recent time point, between 7·3 and 23·6 % of children experienced unhealthy weight (Jordan – 7·3 %, Egypt –23·6 %); 1·7 and 16·6 % had wasting (Turkey, Yemen) and 2·0 and 15·0 % had overweight (Yemen, Egypt). Overweight was more common than wasting in all countries except Yemen and Mauritania. Between 1987 and 2016, the prevalence of unhealthy weight in the region increased (10·0–18·4 %) due to increases in both wasting and overweight. Boys had a higher prevalence of unhealthy weight than girls. Conclusion: Undernutrition continues to be a problem in some countries in the MENA region, and overnutrition is emerging as a health concern in many countries in the region. Countries in the region must advance programmes that reduce undernutrition while not overlooking or inadvertently promoting overnutrition.
The Challenge of Tonal Fan Noise Prediction for an Aircraft Engine in Flight

Expensive fly-over tests are needed to verify that noise certification standards are fulfilled. Currently, no numerical alternative exists to perform a holistic ”virtual fly-over” test. As a step towards enabling such evaluations in the future, the authors focus on an isolated noise source the tonal rotor-stator-interaction (RSI) of the fan stage. A high-fidelity simulation relying on a state-of-the-art yet computationally efficient method is performed for a V2527 aircraft engine in approach conditions. The computational domain includes the noise generation in the fan stage, its propagation in the engine inlet and bypass duct, as well as its radiation into the far field. Installation effects due to bifurcations and struts in the duct, ESS (engine section stator), liners, and inflow distortions are not considered. Post-processing methods are introduced and applied to the numerical data to allow for a meaningful comparison of the results to microphone data recorded during fly-over experiments. In particular, great care is taken to quantify the numerical dissipation of the simulation inside the nacelle and to enable a suitable correction of the numerical data. The numerical simulation cannot fully reproduce the experimental data indicating that its level of complexity is not yet sufficient. As there is no obvious cause for the mismatch, it would be necessary to incrementally increase the complexity of the simulation in order to pinpoint the most significant sources and effects.
Comparison of ligamentum flavum thickness between central and lateral lesions in a patient with central lumbar spinal canal stenosis

Thickened ligamentum flavum has been considered as a major cause of central lumbar spinal canal stenosis (CLSCS). Previous studies have demonstrated that ligamentum flavum thickness (LFT) is correlated with aging, degenerative spinal stenosis, and disc degeneration. Thus, hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum is a major cause of CLSCS, and measurement of LFT has been considered a morphologic parameter in the diagnosis of CLSCS. To our knowledge, comparison of LFT between central and lateral lesions has not been reported. In addition, no research has analyzed best clinical cutoff values of central ligament flavum thickness (CLFT) and lateral ligament flavum thickness (LLFT). This study aimed to compare CLFT with LLFT in patients with CLSCS and further compare the CLFT and LLFT findings between the 2 groups to analyze LFT variation. Both CLFT and LLFT samples were collected from 101 participants with CLSCS and from 103 participants in the control group who underwent lumbar magnetic resonance imaging without evidence of CLSCS. Axial T2-weighted lumbar magnetic resonance scans were acquired at the L4 to 5 facet joint level from each participant. Average CLFT value was 2.25 ± 0.51 mm in the control group and 4.02 ± 0.74 mm in the CLSCS group. Average LLFT value was 2.50 ± 0.51 mm in the control group and 3.38 ± 0.66 mm in the CLSCS group. CLSCS patients had significantly higher CLFT and LLFT (both P < .001). Regarding the validity of both CLFT and LLFT as predictors of CLSCS, a receiver operating characteristic estimation revealed that the most suitable cutoff value for CLFT was 3.10 mm, with sensitivity of 95.0%, specificity of 94.2%, and an area under the curve of 0.97. The best cut-off value of LLFT was 2.92 mm, with sensitivity of 78.2%, specificity of 77.7%, and area under the curve of 0.87. We have 4 important new findings: The mean CLFT is significantly lower than that of the mean LLFT in the normal control group; CLFT and LLFT are both significantly associated with CLSCS; Increase rate of CLFT is faster than that of LLFT in the CLSCS group; and CLFT is a more sensitive measurement parameter to predict CLSCS than LLFT.
Requisite instruments for the establishment of three‐dimensional epidermal human skin equivalents—A methods review

Human skin equivalents (HSEs) are three‐dimensional skin organ culture models raised in vitro. This review gives an overview of common techniques for setting up HSEs. The HSE consists of an artificial dermis and epidermis. 3T3‐J2 murine fibroblasts, purchased human fibroblasts or freshly isolated and cultured fibroblasts, together with other components, for example, collagen type I, are used to build the scaffold. Freshly isolated and cultured keratinocytes are seeded on top. It is possible to add other cell types, for example, melanocytes, to the HSE—depending on the research question. After several days and further steps, the 3D skin can be harvested. Additionally, we show possible markers and techniques for evaluation of artificial skin. Furthermore, we provide a comparison of HSEs to human skin organ culture, a model which employs human donor skin. We outline advantages and limitations of both models and discuss future perspectives in using HSEs.
SIRT6 mediated histone H3K9ac deacetylation involves myocardial remodelling through regulating myocardial energy metabolism in TAC mice

Pathological myocardial remodelling is the initial factor of chronic heart failure (CHF) and is induced by multiple factors. We previously demonstrated that histone acetylation is involved in CHF in transverse aortic constriction (TAC) mice, a model for pressure overload‐induced heart failure. In this study, we investigated whether the histone deacetylase Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), which mediates deacetylation of histone 3 acetylated at lysine 9 (H3K9ac), is involved pathological myocardial remodelling by regulating myocardial energy metabolism and explored the underlying mechanisms. We generated a TAC mouse model by partial thoracic aortic banding. TAC mice were injected with the SIRT6 agonist MDL‐800 at a dose of 65 mg/kg for 8 weeks. At 4, 8 and 12 weeks after TAC, the level of H3K9ac increased gradually, while the expression of SIRT6 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) decreased gradually. MDL‐800 reversed the effects of SIRT6 on H3K9ac in TAC mice and promoted the expression of VEGFA in the hearts of TAC mice. MDL‐800 also attenuated mitochondria damage and improved mitochondrial respiratory function through upregulating SIRT6 in the hearts of TAC mice. These results revealed a novel mechanism in which SIRT6‐mediated H3K9ac level is involved pathological myocardial remodelling in TAC mice through regulating myocardial energy metabolism. These findings may assist in the development of novel methods for preventing and treating pathological myocardial remodelling.
The fragility of artists’ reputations from 1795 to 2020

Significance This study uses machine-learning techniques and a historical corpus to examine the evolution of artists’ reputations over time. Contrary to popular wisdom, we find that most artists’ reputations peak just before their death, and then start to decline. This decline is strongest for artists who were most popular during their lifetime. We show that artists’ reduced visibility and changes in the public’s aesthetic taste explain much of the posthumous reputation decline. This study highlights how social perception of historical figures can shift and emphasizes the vulnerability of human reputation. Methodologically, the study illustrates an application of natural language processing to measure reputation over time.
Plan of study for the Regional Aquifer-System Analysis, Columbia Plateau, Washington, northern Oregon, and northwestern Idaho

o Introduction *Geohydrologic setting ^ Geology Aquifer system " Surface water -*1 Water problems ^ Purpose and objectives ** Scope and approach Geologic framework ^ 1C Geohydrologic characteristics 1J Flow system * -* Hydraulic characteristics ^ Stream-aquifer relations * -* Water budget ^ 1 f\ Geochemical framework Data-base management and application systems Regional digital ground-water flow model ' Work elements *° 90 Reports J
Epigenetic histone modification by butyrate downregulates KIT and attenuates mast cell function

Short‐chain fatty acid butyrate is produced from the bacterial fermentation of indigestible fiber in the intestinal lumen, and it has been shown to attenuate lung inflammation in murine asthma models. Mast cells (MCs) are initiators of inflammatory response to allergens, and they play an important role in asthma. MC survival and proliferation is regulated by its growth factor stem cell factor (SCF), which acts through the receptor, KIT. It has previously been shown that butyrate attenuates the activation of MCs by allergen stimulation. However, how butyrate mechanistically influences SCF signalling to impact MC function remains unknown. Here, we report that butyrate treatment triggered the modification of MC histones via butyrylation and acetylation, and inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Further, butyrate treatment caused downregulation of SCF receptor KIT and associated phosphorylation, leading to significant attenuation of SCF‐mediated MC proliferation, and pro‐inflammatory cytokine secretion. Mechanistically, butyrate inhibited MC function by suppressing KIT and downstream p38 and Erk phosphorylation, and it mediated these effects via modification of histones, acting as an HDAC inhibitor and not via its traditional GPR41 (FFAR3) or GPR43 (FFAR2) butyrate receptors. In agreement, the pharmacological inhibition of Class I HDAC (HDAC1/3) mirrored butyrate's effects, suggesting that butyrate impacts MC function by HDAC1/3 inhibition. Taken together, butyrate epigenetically modifies histones and downregulates the SCF/KIT/p38/Erk signalling axis, leading to the attenuation of MC function, validating its ability to suppress MC‐mediated inflammation. Therefore, butyrate supplementations could offer a potential treatment strategy for allergy and asthma via epigenetic alterations in MCs.
Correlation between circulating cell-free PIK3CA tumor DNA levels and treatment response in patients with PIK3CA-mutated metastatic breast cancer

Liquid biopsies focusing on the analysis of cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) may have important clinical implications for personalized medi-cine, including early detection of cancer, therapeutic guidance, and monitoring of recurrence. Mutations in the oncogene, PIK3CA , are frequently observed in breast cancer and have been suggested as a predictive biomarker for PI3K-selective inhibitor treatment. In this study, we analyzed the presence of PIK3CA mutations in formalin-ﬁxed, parafﬁn-embedded, metastatic tissue and corresponding ctDNA from serum of patients with advanced breast cancer using a highly sensitive, optimized droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay. We found 83% of patients with PIK3CA mutation in the metastatic tumor tissue also had detectable PIK3CA mutations in serum ctDNA. Patients lacking the PIK3CA mutation in corresponding serum ctDNA all had nonvisceral metastatic disease. Four patients with detectable PIK3CA- mutated ctDNA were followed with an additional serum sample during oncological treatment. In all cases, changes in PIK3CA ctDNA level correlated with treatment response. Our results showed high concordance between detection of PIK3CA mutations in tumor tissue and in corresponding serum ctDNA and suggest that serum samples from patients with advanced breast cancer and ddPCR may be used for PIK3CA mutation status assessment to complement imaging techniques as an early marker of treatment response.
Meta-analysis of the diagnostic value of serum procalcitonin for burn sepsis in adults.

OBJECTIVE Serum procalcitonin (PCT) reflects the infection status of the organism and the severity of the infection. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the diagnostic value of serum PCT for burn sepsis in adults and to provide a factual basis for future clinical diagnosis and decision-making. MATERIALS AND METHODS On August 16, 2022, six databases were searched in this study and a total of 856 studies were found. The retrieved literature was comprehensively evaluated according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the valid data were extracted and included for analysis. The number of true positives, false positives, true negatives and false negatives were used as indicators to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum PCT for burn sepsis in adults. RESULTS In total, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed a combined sensitivity of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.69-0.84), a combined specificity of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.77-0.91), a combined positive likelihood ratio of 5.17 (95% CI: 3.25-8.25), a combined negative likelihood ratio of 0.26 (95% CI: 0.19-0.37), and a combined diagnostic ratio of 19.63 (95% CI: 10.17-37.90). The AUC was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.85-0.90). CONCLUSIONS Serum PCT provides good early diagnostic benefits for burn sepsis in adults. More high-quality studies are required to clarify its specific early diagnostic value.
Learning Controllable ISP for Image Enhancement

We present a plug-and-play Image Signal Processor (ISP) for image enhancement to better produce diverse image styles than the previous works. Our proposed method, ContRollable Image Signal Processor (CRISP), explicitly controls the parameters of the ISP that determine output image styles. ISP parameters for high-quality (HQ) image styles are encoded into low-dimensional latent codes, allowing fast and easy style adjustments. We empirically show that CRISP covers a wide range of image styles with high efficiency. On the MIT-Adobe FiveK dataset, CRISP can very closely estimate the reference styles produced by human experts and achieves better MOS with diverse image styles. Compared with the state-of-the-art method, our ISP comprises only 19 parameters, allowing CRISP to have <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> smaller parameters and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$100\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> reduced FLOPs for an image output. CRISP outperforms previous works in PSNR and FLOPs with several scenarios for style adjustments.
Regulation of endogenous retroviruses in murine embryonic stem cells and early embryos

Abstract Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are important components of transposable elements that constitute ∼40% of the mouse genome. ERVs exhibit dynamic expression patterns during early embryonic development and are engaged in numerous biological processes. Therefore, ERV expression must be closely monitored in cells. Most studies have focused on the regulation of ERV expression in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and during early embryonic development. This review touches on the classification, expression, and functions of ERVs in mouse ESCs and early embryos and mainly discusses ERV modulation strategies from the perspectives of transcription, epigenetic modification, nucleosome/chromatin assembly, and post-transcriptional control.
The OLI Radiometric Scale Realization Round Robin Measurement Campaign

A round robin radiometric scale realization was performed at the Ball Aerospace Radiometric Calibration Laboratory in January/February 2011 in support of the Operational Land Imager (OLI) Program. Participants included Ball Aerospace, NIST, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, and the University of Arizona. The eight day campaign included multiple observations of three integrating sphere sources by nine radiometers. The objective of the campaign was to validate the radiance calibration uncertainty ascribed to the integrating sphere used to calibrate the OLI instrument. The instrument level calibration source uncertainty was validated by quatnifying: (1) the long term stability of the NIST calibrated radiance artifact, (2) the responsivity scale of the Ball Aerospace transfer radiometer and (3) the operational characteristics of the large integrating sphere.
B cell–intrinsic TLR7 expression drives severe lupus in TLR9-deficient mice

The endosomal Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is a major driver of murine and human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The role of TLR7 in lupus pathogenesis is enhanced when the regulatory role of TLR9 is absent. TLR7 signaling in plasmacytoid DCs (pDC) is generally thought to be a major driver of the IFN response and disease pathology; however, the cell types in which TLR7 acts to mediate disease have not been distinguished. To address this, we selectively deleted TLR7 in either CD11c+ cells or CD19+ cells; using a TLR7-floxed allele, we created on the lupus-prone MRL/lpr background, along with a BM chimera strategy. Unexpectedly, TLR7 deficiency in CD11c+ cells had no impact on disease, while TLR7 deficiency in CD19+ B cells yielded mild suppression of proteinuria and a trend toward reduced glomerular disease. However, in TLR9-deficient MRL/lpr mice with accelerated SLE, B cell–specific TLR7 deficiency greatly improved disease. These results support revision of the mechanism by which TLR7 drives lupus and highlight a cis regulatory interaction between the protective TLR9 and the pathogenic TLR7 within the B cell compartment. They suggest B cell–directed, dual TLR7 antagonism/TLR9 agonism or dual TLR7/9 antagonism as a potential future therapeutic strategy to treat SLE.
The McKenzie Method versus guideline-based advice in the treatment of sciatica: 24-month outcomes of a randomised clinical trial

Objective To compare the effectiveness of a McKenzie Method intervention in patients with sciatica with guideline-based patient education. Design Multi-centre, assessor-blinded, parallel-group, randomised trial Setting Two tertiary hospitals providing operative spinal care. Subjects Sciatica patients with magnetic resonance imaging-confirmed lumbar disc herniation compressing a nerve root. Interventions The McKenzie group received specific back exercises for seven visits combined with an educational book, and the Control group received a single session of self-management guidance according to usual practices. Main measures The primary outcome was the number of surgical operations. Secondary outcomes were pain measured using the Visual Analogue Scale, disability using the Oswestry Disability Index and health-related quality of life using a RAND-36 questionnaire at baseline and 24-month follow-up. Results Altogether 66 patients, mean age of 43 years, of which 50% were females with long-lasting sciatica, mean 16 weeks, were randomised to two groups. Nineteen patients (29%) had surgery. There was no significant difference in surgery rates between the groups. Back and leg pain decreased, and disability improved in both groups. Health-related quality of life improved in six dimensions out of eight in both groups. There were no significant between-group changes in the patient-reported outcomes at the follow-up. Conclusions Multiple sessions of McKenzie-based back exercises with a McKenzie-specific patient's educational book produced effects equal to guideline-based advice at long-term follow-up. However, the power of these results is diminished due to the small patient population and confounding factors.
Ruxolitinib as the first post-steroid treatment for acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease

ABSTRACT Introduction Acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) are potentially life-threatening complications occurring after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Although steroids represent the first-line treatment for both conditions, in those patients who do not adequately benefit from steroid therapy, standardized treatment algorithms are lacking. In recent years, ruxolitinib has emerged as the most promising agent for the second-line therapy of steroid-refractory (SR)-GvHD. Areas covered This review will summarize the biological properties and the mechanistic aspects that justify the therapeutic role of ruxolitinib in GvHD. In addition, current treatment options for SR-GvHD will be briefly discussed. Finally, results of the most relevant clinical trials on the use of ruxolitinib for SR-GvHD will be analyzed, with a particular focus on two phase-III randomized trials in which ruxolitinib demonstrated its superiority in comparison with the best available therapy. Expert opinion Ruxolitinib has considerably improved the outcome of patients with SR-acute/chronic-GvHD and should be regarded as the standard-of-care option when corticosteroids fail or cannot be tapered. Nevertheless, a number of questions still remain unanswered and significant room for improvement exists. Additional observations derived from a longer follow-up will certainly increase our expertise in the management of this powerful therapy.