Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tackling misinformation through online information literacy: Structural and contextual considerations

Misinformation has been created and spread for centuries, but the Internet facilitates easy, rapid creation and dissemination of misleading or false information in ways that we are still understanding and adjusting to. Digital misinformation reaches into many realms, from entertainment to health to politics. Without adequate defenses in place, misinformation can—and likely does— affect consequential decisions like whether to be vaccinated or who to vote for. Given the scale of these threats, a wide range of responses are necessary, including platform reforms, policy changes, and educational efforts. We are broadly focused on educational efforts, or efforts to slow both the supply of and the demand for misinformation by supporting people to recognize, evaluate, and refrain from sharing misinformation. Efforts in this area vary widely in their scope and approach. For example, some projects attempt to inoculate users against common misinfor-mation tactics like using emotional language and discrediting opponents (e.g. Roozenbeek et al., 2022). Others embed short messages in social media platforms to remind users to verify sources and claims (e.g. Panizza et al., 2022). Yet another approach focuses on labeling or debunking misinformation as it surfaces on platforms, either by attaching fact checks to articles with questionable claims (e.g. Clayton et al., 2020; Pennycook et al., 2020) or by circulating new posts that directly address common claims made by misinformation (e.g. about COVID-19; Vraga & Bode, 2021). All of these efforts have shown promise in tackling misinformation and reaching wide audiences. However, these are mostly quick, lightweight interventions that may struggle to fundamentally shift people’s approaches to evaluating digital information. In this special issue, we focus on efforts to cultivate online information literacy, or the knowledge, skills,
What is the difference in the destination image of the Russian settlement of Barentsburg on Svalbard archipelago by tourists before they arrive and after they visited it? Recommendations to make Barentsburg more tourist friendly

In 1596, while searching for the North-East Passage, the Dutch explorer Willem Barents discovered the largest island in the Svalbard archipelago. On this island, the world’s northernmost city and airport are located, as well as, the northernmost bust of Vladimir Lenin. Today, the Norwegian archipelago, located near the North Pole, is attractive to many tourists. According to an agreement from the twentieth century, a number of Russian settlements, which have post-Soviet background and unique atmospheres; are located in Norwegian territory. In these settlements, one can find luxury hotels, abandoned mines, a canteen and an expensive restaurant with its own brewery. This thesis explores the difference in destination image before and after tourists arrive at the Russian settlement, Barentsburg, in the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard. Different tourists, who had visited Barentsburg, were the focus of the thesis. The main concept used throughout this thesis is tourists’ images of the destination. Using several theoretical issues and approaches, this concept and its supplementary notions are discussed in the third chapter, “Theoretical foundation”. The research that informed this thesis also investigated aspects related to the current conditions, opportunities and constraints for the development of tourist activities in this settlement’s territory. The second goal of my research was to disclose potential opportunities, strengths and weaknesses in order to offer recommendations for tourism development at the destination. Data was collected from February to March 2015 by observing, photographing, and interviewing tourists, and from July to August 2016 by electronic survey and interviewing via Skype. This data is presented in this thesis. Acknowledgements This Master Thesis is the result of the 2-year Master program in Tourism Studies at the Arctic University of Tromsø (Finnmark Faculty) in Norway. I would like to thank all professors of the Department of Tourism and Northern Studies whose lectures and knowledge in tourism and industry were valuable for my study at the University. I am grateful to my supervisor Kari Jæger, Associate Professor, at the Institute for Tourism and Northern Studies for her help during the Master program process. Thank you, Vlad, for your continuous kind support throughout the entire period of my research and thesis writing. Even at times when I lost motivation, you made me believe that I was capable of continuing writing. You helped me a lot in completing this study. I am also thankful to all the informants, who helped me with my data collection.
An Intrinsically Typed Compiler for Algebraic Effect Handlers

A type-preserving compiler converts a well-typed input program into a well-typed output program. Previous studies have developed type-preserving compilers for various source languages, including the simply-typed lambda calculus and calculi with control constructs. Our goal is to realize type-preserving compilation of languages that have facilities for manipulating first-class continuations. In this paper, we focus on algebraic effects and handlers, a generalization of exceptions and their handlers with resumable continuations. Specifically, we choose an effect handler calculus and a typed stack-machine-based assembly language as the source and the target languages, respectively, and formalize the target language and a type preserving compiler. The main challenge posed by first-class continuation is how to ensure safety of continuation capture and resumption, which involves concatenation of unknown stacks. We solve this challenge by incorporating stack polymorphism, a technique that has been used for compilation from a language without first-class continuations to a stack-based assembly language. To prove that our compiler is type preserving, we implemented the compiler in Agda as a function between intrinsically typed ASTs. We believe that our contributions could lead to correct and efficient compilation of continuation-manipulating facilities in general.
"Multi-physics modelling of a compliant humanoid robot"

We present a multibody simulator being used for compliant humanoid robot modelling and report our reasoning for choosing the settings of the simulator’s key features. First, we provide a study on how the numerical integration speed and accuracy depend on the coordinate representation of the multibody system. This choice is particularly critical for mechanisms with long serial chains (e.g. legs and arms). Our second contribution is a full electromechanical model of the inner dynamics of the compliant actuators embedded in the COMAN robot, since joints’ compliance is needed for the robot safety and energy efficiency. Third, we discuss the different approaches for modelling contacts and selecting an appropriate contact library. The recommended solution is to couple our simulator with an open-source contact library offering both accurate and fast contact modelling. The simulator performances are assessed by two different tasks involving contacts: a bimanual manipulation task and a sq. Abstract We present a multibody simulator being used for compliant humanoid robot modelling and report our reasoning for choosing the settings of the simulator’s key features. First, we provide a study on how the numerical integration speed and accuracy depend on the coordinate representation of the multibody system. This choice is particularly critical for mechanisms with long serial chains (e.g. legs and arms). Our second contribution is a full electromechanical model of the inner dynamics of the compliant actuators embedded in the COMAN robot, since joints’ compliance is needed for the robot safety and energy eﬃciency. Third, we discuss the diﬀerent approaches for modelling contacts and selecting an appropriate contact library. The recommended solution is to couple our simulator with an open-source contact library oﬀering both accurate and fast contact modelling. The simulator performances are assessed by two diﬀerent tasks involving contacts: a bimanual manipulation task and a squatting tasks. The former shows reliability of the simulator. For the latter, we report a comparison between the robot behaviour as predicted by our simulation environment, and the real one.
Ccme Water Quality Index in River Cauvery Basin at Talakadu, Southindia

Cauvery a sacred river of South India which is considered as “Dakshina Ganga” for Hindu devotees is also an important source for agriculture and hydropower. The study was carried out to know the Water Quality Index (WQI) of river Cauvery, at Talakadu in Karnataka during Panchalingadarshana festival. WQI was assessed based on physico-chemical parameters using Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. WQI was found to be 48.49 which indicated “marginal” value, i.e., frequently impaired and conditions departed from desirable level.Biological Parameters such as Total bacterial count and MPN were found to be higher than normal value. H2S test was positive indicating fecal contamination. Presence of planktons such as Synedra ulna, Fragillaria biceps and Oscillatoria species confirmed the polluted state of water. The study provided the status of river quality and this can help us to preserve precious water resources by planning and executing for protection, management and/or making lifestyle adaptations for the benefit of the environment.
Variable-Length Resolvability for General Sources and Channels

We introduce the problem of variable-length (VL) source resolvability, in which a given target probability distribution is approximated by encoding a VL uniform random number, and the asymptotically minimum average length rate of the uniform random number, called the VL resolvability, is investigated. We first analyze the VL resolvability with the variational distance as an approximation measure. Next, we investigate the case under the divergence as an approximation measure. When the asymptotically exact approximation is required, it is shown that the resolvability under two kinds of approximation measures coincides. We then extend the analysis to the case of channel resolvability, where the target distribution is the output distribution via a general channel due to a fixed general source as an input. The obtained characterization of channel resolvability is fully general in the sense that, when the channel is just an identity mapping, it reduces to general formulas for source resolvability. We also analyze the second-order VL resolvability.
A single changing hypernetwork to represent (social-)ecological dynamics

To understand and manage (social-)ecological systems, we need an intuitive and rigorous way to represent them. Recent ecological studies propose to represent interaction networks into modular graphs, multiplexes and higher-order interactions. Along these lines, we argue here that non-dyadic (non-pairwise) interactions are common in ecology and environmental sciences, necessitating fresh concepts and tools for handling them. In addition, such interaction networks often change sharply, due to appearing and disappearing species and components. We illustrate in a simple example that any ecosystem can be represented by a single hypergraph, here called the ecosystem hypernetwork. Moreover, we highlight that any ecosystem hypernetwork exhibits a changing topology summarizing its long term dynamics (e.g., species extinction/invasion, pollutant or human arrival/migration). Qualitative and discrete-event models developed in computer science appear suitable for modeling hypergraph (topological) dynamics. Hypernetworks thus also provide a conceptual foundation for theoretical as well as more applied studies in ecology (at large), as they form the qualitative backbone of ever-changing ecosystems.
Índice de conductas laborales contraproducentes: Desarrollo y Validación del índice de Conductas Laborales Contraproducentes (ICLC)

El proposito del presente estudio fue desarrollar y validar una escala para medir conductas laborales contraproducentes. La escala desarrollada fue validada con una muestra de 157 empleados puertorriquenos de los cuales un 63.1% (99) eran mujeres, 34.4% (54) hombres y 2.5% (4) no respondi6 a la pregunta de genero. Todos los participantes estaban empleados, lo cual era un criterio para su participacion. La edad promedio de los participantes fue igual 36.2 anos de edad con una desviacion estandar igual a 11.3. Los resultados sugieren, a traves de la tecnica de analisis de factores, que la variabilidad de las puntuaciones se debe a tres factores: uno que mide las conductas laborales contraproducentes de tipo interpersonal, un segundo que mide conductas laborales contraproducentes de tipo organizacional y un tercer factor que mide deseabilidad social. Los coeficientes de confiabilidad de la escala fluctuaron entre . 85 y . 89. Abstract The aims of this study were to develop and validate a scale to measure counterproductive work behaviors. The developed scale was validated with a sample of 157 Puerto Rican employees in which 63.1 % (99) were women, 34.4% (54) men, and 2.5% (4) did not respond to the gen-der question. All subjects were employed, which was the criteria for their participation. The average age was 36.16 with a standard deviation of 11.29. The results suggest, through factor analysis technique, that variability of scores was caused by three factors: one of which measures Interpersonal Counterproductive Work Behaviors, a second measuring Organizational Counterproductive Work Behaviors, and a third one measuring Social Desirability. The reliability coefficients ranged from . 85 to . 89.
Afinitas Ikatan Senyawa Dalam Kulit dan Biji Buah Jeruk Keprok serta Adas Bintang terhadap sintase III 3-oksoasil-[asil-carrier-protein] dan Reduktase Enoyl-ACP (InhA) Myobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) merupakan infectious killer yang disebabkan olehMyobacterium tuberculosis. Temuan kasus TB hingga tahun 2015 diIndonesia berdasarkan case notification rate (CNR) sebesar 117 kasusper 100.000 penduduk. Infeksi bakteri Myobacterium tuberculosisdapat berkembang menjadi multi drug resistence (MDR). Peningkatankasus MDR-TB menjadi perhatian penting karena jumlah kasus MDRTBtidak sebanding dengan jumlah pasien yang terobati. Tujuanpenelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui afinitas ikatan ligan dari adasbintang, kulit buah dan biji buah jeruk keprok terhadap protein target2x22 dan 1u6s. Studi Molecular docking difokuskan pada dua proteinpenting untuk Fatty acid synthesis (FAS) II M.tuberculosis yaituEnoyl-ACP Reductase (InhA) sub unit 2x22 dan 3-oxoacyl-[acylcarrier-protein] synthase III (FabH) sub unit 1u6s. Bagian ligan danprotein dipisahkan menggunakan software Chimera dan OpenBabel.Kedua protein tersebut dilakukan molecular docking dengan senyawaaktif turunan biji dan kulit buah jeruk keprok serta adas bintang.Software molecular docking yaitu PyRx 0.9. 7 dengan metode VinaAutodock. Hasil Molecular docking diamati menggunakan proteinligandinteraction profiler (PLIP) dan Pymol. Molecular dockingdilakukan untuk mengetahui binding affinity terbaik antara ligandengan protein. Hasil analisis menunjukan senyawa kaempherol danmairin dalam adas bintang memiliki ikatan afinitas terhadap 1u6s dan2x22 masing-masing -8,8 Kkal/mol dan -10,1 Kkal/mol. Senyawamol001797 dan neohesperidin dalam kulit buah jeruk keprok memilikiikatan afinitas terhadap 1u6s dan 2x22 masing-masing -8,0 Kkal/moldan -9,9 Kkal/mol . Senyawa EIC dan asam zumarik dalam biji buahjeruk keprok memiliki ikatan afinitas terhadap 1u6s dan 2x22 masingmasing-6,9 Kkal/mol dan -6,8 Kkal/mol. Hasil analisis menunjukaninteraksi paling tinggi yaitu antara senyawa mairin dalam adasbintang dengan protein target Enoyl-ACP Reductase (InhA) sub unit2x22 sebesar -10,1 Kkal/mol.
Document Representations using Fine-Grained Topics

Pre-trained language models, which provide dense embedded representations of words in context, achieve state-of-the-art results on countless NLP tasks. While highly effective, these dense representations lack some of the advantages of their sparse counterparts, including simple inverted indexing and interpretability. We propose a method for building sparse topical features for documents using a hierarchical clustering over contextualized token representations in a corpus. We show that these sparse features are effective representations for document classiﬁcation, outperforming other sparse representations by 12 points on one dataset, while only performing slightly worse than dense representations
Auditory attention inﬂuences trajectories of symbol–speech sound learning in children with and without dyslexia

The acquisition of letter–speech sound correspondences is a fundamental process underlying reading development, one that could be inﬂuenced by several linguistic and domain-general cognitive factors. In the current study, we mimicked the ﬁrst steps of this process by examining behavioral trajectories of audiovisual associative learning in 110 7-to 12-year-old children with and without dyslexia. Children were asked to learn the associations between eight novel symbols and native speech sounds in a brief training and subsequently read words and pseudowords written in the artiﬁcial orthography. We then investigated the inﬂuence of auditory attention as one of the putative domain-general factors inﬂuencing associative learning. To this aim, we assessed children with experimental measures of auditory sustained selective attention and interference control. Our results showed shallower learning trajectories in children with dyslexia, especially during the later phases of the training blocks. Despite this, children with dyslexia performed similarly to typical readers on the post-training reading tests using
B ENZENE : A Practical Root Cause Analysis System with an Under-Constrained State Mutation

—Fuzzing has demonstrated great success in bug discovery, and plays a crucial role in software testing today. Despite the increasing popularity of fuzzing, automated root cause analysis (RCA) has drawn less attention. One of the recent advances in RCA is crash-based statistical debugging, which leverages the behavioral differences in program execution between crash-triggered and non-crashing inputs. Hence, obtaining non-crashing behaviors close to the original crash is crucial but challenging with previous approaches ( e . g ., fuzzing). In this paper, we present B ENZENE , a practical end-to-end RCA system that facilitates an automated crash diagnosis. To this end, we introduce a novel technique, called under-constrained state mutation , that generates both crashing and non-crashing behaviors for effective and efficient RCA. We design and implement the B ENZENE prototype, and evaluate it with 60 vulnerabilities in the wild. Our empirical results demonstrate that B ENZENE not only surpasses in performance ( i . e ., root cause ranking), but also achieves superior results in both speed (4.6 times faster) and memory footprint (31.4 times less) on average than prior approaches.
On the occurrence of the shamefaced crabs Calappa granulata and C. rissoana (Decapoda: Brachyura) in the Strait of Sicily (Central Mediterranean Sea)

Les auteurs signalent la capture de quatre exemplaires de Calappa granulata (Linnaeus, 1758) dans le Detroit de Sicile lors de deux expeditions en 2000 et 2001. Les analyses des caracteristiques morphologiques montrent que ces exemplaires peuvent etre rapportes a Calappa rissoana signale par Pastore dans la mer Ionienne.
Point-of-Care Echocardiography in the Difficult-to-Image Patient in the ICU: A Narrative Review

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this narrative review was to address common obstacles encountered in the ICU to acquiring quality and interpretable images using point-of-care echocardiography. DATA SOURCES: Detailed searches were performed using PubMed and Ovid Medline using medical subject headings and keywords on topics related to patient positioning, IV echo contrast, alternative subcostal views, right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) hemodynamics, and point-of-care transesophageal echocardiography. Articles known to the authors were also selected based on expert opinion. STUDY SELECTION: Articles specific to patient positioning, IV echo contrast, alternative subcostal views, RVOT hemodynamics, and point-of-care transesophageal echocardiography were considered. DATA EXTRACTION: One author screened titles and extracted relevant data while two separate authors independently reviewed selected articles. DATA SYNTHESIS: Impediments to acquiring quality and interpretable images in critically ill patients are common. Notably, body habitus, intra-abdominal hypertension, dressings or drainage tubes, postoperative sternotomies, invasive mechanical ventilation, and the presence of subcutaneous emphysema or lung hyperinflation are commonly encountered obstacles in transthoracic image acquisition in the ICU. Despite these obstacles, the bedside clinician may use obstacle-specific maneuvers to enhance image acquisition. These may include altering patient positioning, respiratory cycle timing, expanding the subcostal window to include multilevel short-axis views for use in the assessment of RV systolic function and hemodynamics, coronal transhepatic view of the inferior vena cava, and finally point-of-care transesophageal echocardiography. CONCLUSIONS: Despite common obstacles to point-of-care echocardiography in critically ill patients, the beside sonographer may take an obstacle-specific stepwise approach to enhance image acquisition in difficult-to-image patients.
The role of sleep disturbance in reduced accuracy on a divided attention task among patients with fibromyalgia

Patients with fibromyalgia reported greater sleep disturbance, which contributed to reduced accuracy on a divided attention task compared with healthy controls. Abstract Introduction: Patients with fibromyalgia show impaired cognitive performance compared with healthy, pain-free controls. Sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depression are highly prevalent among patients with fibromyalgia, and each is associated with impaired cognitive performance. Yet, limited work has explored whether psychosocial factors contribute to group differences in cognitive performance. Objectives: This secondary data analysis investigated differences in cognitive performance between patients with fibromyalgia and healthy controls, and whether psychosocial factors accounted for these differences. Methods: Adults with fibromyalgia (N = 24) and healthy, pain-free controls (N = 26) completed 2 cognitive tasks and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depression short forms. Independent samples t tests were used to test for differences in cognitive performance between patients with fibromyalgia and healthy controls. Pearson correlations were conducted to examine associations between psychosocial factors and cognitive performance. Psychosocial factors significantly related to cognitive performance were explored as potential mediators of group differences in cognitive performance. Results: Patients with fibromyalgia demonstrated poorer accuracy for divided attention compared with healthy controls, and sleep disturbance mediated this group difference. On the attentional switching task, healthy controls showed a greater switch-cost for accuracy compared with patients with fibromyalgia, but there was no group difference in reaction time. Anxiety and depression were not related to cognitive performance. Conclusion: We found that patients with fibromyalgia reported greater sleep disturbance and, in turn, had poorer accuracy on the divided attention task. Sleep disturbance is modifiable with behavioral interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, and may be a target for improving sleep quality and cognitive performance among patients with fibromyalgia.