Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fanaroff-Riley II Radio Galaxies and Quasars: The Depolarization Test

Two statistically complete samples of 13 Fanaroff-Riley type II (FR II) radio galaxies (RGs) and 13 FR II quasars (QSRs) are compared in terms of their polarization properties. Previously, we have reported that the jet detection rate is consistent with the prediction of the unified models, with more jets detected in QSRs than in RGs. We report here that there is no statistically significant difference between the distribution of depolarization asymmetries in the RGs and QSRs. We discuss the implication of this result in terms of Barthel's 1989 RG-QSR unification scheme.
Mid-Infrared Characteristics of Star-Forming Complexes in Irregular Galaxies

We present Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Spectrograph 10-37 μm high-resolution spectral maps of 11 star-forming regions in five irregular galaxies. We measure or place upper limits on nebular fine-structure lines, molecular lines from warm H2, and various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) features in order to probe the hardness of the stellar radiation field, the electron density of the nebulae, and the physical environment in which PAHs are being heated. The nebulae have similar excitations, corresponding to a midtype O star, and electron densities are low in most regions. PAHs were detected in all but two nebulae, and PAH emission relative to stars or Hα emission tends to be higher in galaxies with higher oxygen abundances. The population of PAHs appears to be different in Im galaxies than it is in spirals. We model emission from warm H2 in one nebula to obtain a temperature of 800 K, a neutral gas density ≥105 cm-3, and a far-UV radiation field of G0 ≥ 103. Variations in excitation across the nebulae are small, but the PAH 11.2 μm emission varies by factors of 3-4 across the maps. Differences in the local H I or H II environment of star-forming regions result in only mild differences in mid-IR ratios of nebular fine-structure line emission among Im galaxies. Variations in PAH emission, however, are more evident.
Elastic registration for airborne multispectral line scanners

Abstract The multispectral line scanner is one of the most popular payloads for aerial remote sensing (RS) applications. Scanners with large field of view (FOV) improve efficiency in Earth observation. Small-volume instruments with a short focal length and a large FOV, however, may bring a problem: different nonlinear warping and local transformation exist between bands. Alignment accuracy of bands is a criterion impacting product quality in RS. A band-to-band elastic image registration method is proposed for solving the problem. Rather than ignoring the intensity variation and carrying out an intensity-based registration between bands straightforwardly, we construct feature images and use them to conduct an intensity-based elastic image registration. In this method, the idea of the inverse compositional algorithm is employed and expanded when dealing with local warping, and a smoothness constraint is also added in this procedure. Experimental results show that the proposed band-to-band registration method works well both visually and quantitatively. The outstanding performance of the method also encourages potential applications for other new types of airborne multispectral imagers.
Detection of DoS attacks using intrusion detection sensors

Intrusion detection systems have usually been developed using large host-based components. These components impose an extra load on the system where they run (sometimes even requiring a dedicated system) and are subject to tampering or disabling by an intruder. Additionally, intrusion detection systems have usually obtained information about host behavior through indirect means, such as audit trails or network packet traces. This potentially allows intruders to modify the information before the intrusion detection system obtains it and slows down the detection and prevention of DoS attacks, making it possible for an intruder to hide his activities. In this paper we propose work that will attempt to show that it is possible to perform intrusion detection mechanism of DoS attacks using small sensors embedded in a computer system. These sensors will look for signs of specific intrusions. They will perform target monitoring by observing the behavior of the through an audit trail or other indirect means in real time while the Snort IDS running. Furthermore, by being built into the computer system it could provide a flexible alert sensor which may not impose a considerable extra load on the host they monitor.
Hierarchical model of memory and memory loss

A neural circuit model is presented that consists of a hierarchy of nested clusters of neuron-like elements. Each hierarchical level of cluster organisation encodes a different level of distributed memory. Associate memory properties within and between levels are investigated numerically in simple versions of the model. The results may provide insight into mechanisms of memory storage, recall and loss in real neural circuits, such as those found in the cerebral cortex.
On the bias and variability of bootstrap and cross-validation estimates of error rate in discrimination problems

Simulation studies have shown that bootstrap and cross-validation estimators of aggregate error rate in discrimination problems have different properties, the former having less variability but greater bias. We show by use of a local alternative model that the main differences in bias and variability emerge only when the populations are close. In this context the bootstrap method has less variability but an order of magnitude greater bias than cross-validation
Electric field measurement by a LiNbO3 probe

Optical devices have the potential for large scale integration and can be successfully used in mission critical environments; in particular optical probes interacting with electric fields can be used in several electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and industrial, scientifical and medical (ISM) applications. We describe an electro-optical device based on a LiNbO3 Mach-Zehnder integrated interferometer which has, with respect to standard metallic probes, a very reduced coupling effect on the electromagnetic field to be measured. The probe is mainly made by non conductive materials, making such device suitable for experimental measurement of electromagnetic fields in near field region (or Fresnel's one) of transmitting antennas or in their reactive zone. Here no simple theory is available in order to evaluate the fields and mutual coupling between antennas and standard probes strongly affect the measurements: the optical probe avoids the coupling of the fields with metallic structures and the loss of antenna calibration which typically yield measurement errors. The probe has been tested in the ELF and VHF bands as shown in the Figures below. The device characterization is discussed and its performance is optimised by an electro-optical device mathematic model.
Design and Optimization of a Linear Magnetic Field Modulate Gear

Linear magnetic field modulation gear can effectively avoid vibration and noise and lubrication and maintenance problems in mechanical gear, Which can replace mechanical gear in linear motion. According to the working mechanism of traditional magnetic field modulation gear, a linear magnetic gear is designed, whose transmission ratio is 2.67. Its air-gap flux density and static thrust characteristics and dynamic thrust characteristics are calculated by using the finite element analysis method. The calculate results validate the correctness of the design. Based on the above, the influence of ferromagnetic ring's size and the air-gap width to the gear's static thrust is analyzed, and then we have found rules about the influence, which can provide basis in optimizing a linear magnetic gear design. At the last, optimize the relative width of ferromagnetic ring to 0.6 and the thickness to 3 mm, the air-gap width of high-speed side to 1.2 mm and low-speed side to 1 mm.
Focusing of surface phonon polaritons

Surface phonon polaritons (SPs) on crystal substrates have applications in microscopy, biosensing, and photonics. Here, we demonstrate focusing of SPs on a silicon carbide (SiC) crystal. A simple metal-film element is fabricated on the SiC sample in order to focus the surface waves. Pseudoheterodyne scanning near-field infrared microscopy is used to obtain amplitude and phase maps of the local fields verifying the enhanced amplitude in the focus. Simulations of this system are presented, based on a modified Huygens’ principle, which show good agreement with the experimental results.
Femtosecond writing of active optical waveguides with astigmatically shaped beams

We describe a novel approach for the fabrication of optical waveguides by focused low-repetition-rate femtosecond laser pulses. This approach overcomes the main limitation of the technique, i.e., the strong asymmetry of the waveguide profile. By use of an astigmatic beam and suitably controlling both beam waist and focal position in tangential and sagittal planes, it is possible to shape the focal volume in such a way as to obtain waveguides with a circular transverse profile and of the desired size. This technique is applied to the fabrication of active waveguides in Er:Yb-doped glass substrates. The waveguides are single mode at 1.5 μm and exhibit propagation losses of ∼0.25 dB/cm and an internal gain of 1.4 dB at 1534 nm.
Flexural wave propagation in double-layered nanoplates with small scale effects

In this work, the flexural wave propagation in doubled-layered nanoplates is studied. Based on the nonlocal continuum theory, the equation of wave motion is derived. The frequency, phase velocity, group velocity, and their ratio with different scale coefficients and wave numbers are presented. From the results, it can be observed that the small scale effects should be considered for higher frequencies. The dispersion properties for mode I and mode II are different. The van der Walls (vdW) interaction has significant influence on the wave characteristics for the higher mode, which is similar to the vibration properties of nanoplates. However, not all of the characteristics for mode II can be dominated by the vdW interaction, they can be affected by the wave number and the scale coefficients.
Physics of the Music Laboratory at the University of Washington

The Physics Department at the University of Washington recently completed the acquisition of new equipment for teaching the Physics of Music course, as well as for performing various independent study projects in musical acoustics at both undergraduate and graduate levels. The lab setup will be described, as well as the experience after the first year of operation. Many aspects of the Physics of Music provide excellent opportunities for involving undergraduate students in small, but meaningful and interesting, research projects. Specific examples will be discussed.
Precision calculations for physics beyond the standard model

As the standard model of particle physics does not account for several phenomena, it is mandatory to go beyond. In particular the hierarchy problem and the nature of dark matter are still unexplained. To test new theories, precise and reliable predictions are required. This thesis is thus devoted to precision calculations for beyond the standard model theories. The Large Hadron collider (LHC) and astrophysics experiments offer opportunities to confirm or exclude beyond the standard model theories. Supersymmetry is one of the best motivated models of new physics and thus searching for it at the LHC is one of the main tasks of the experimental collaborations. Hence in the present work, the fully differential calculations of the decay of strongly interacting particles at next-to-leading order in supersymmetric QCD are presented. Different methods to combine production processes and decays at next-to-leading order are discussed. Using this, spin effects for processes involving gluinos are also inferred. Finally, a dark matter study examining several models in the context of indirect detection is presented. In particular, this study focuses on the role of electroweak corrections. Zusammenfassung Da das Standardmodell der Teilchenphysik mehrere Phänomene nicht beschreiben kann, muss man über erweiterte Modelle nachdenken. Insbesondere das Hierarchieproblem und die Natur der dunklen Materie werden im Standardmodel nicht erklärt. Um neue Theorien zu testen, sind präzise und zuverlässige Vorhersagen erforderlich. Diese Arbeit widmet sich daher Präzisionsrechnungen jenseits des Standardmodells. Der Large Hadron Collider (LHC) und astrophysikalische Experimente erlauben es, Theorien jenseits des Standardmodells zu bestätigen oder auszuschließen. Supersymmetrie ist eine der am besten motivierten Modelle für neue Physik, und die Suche danach ist eine der Hauptaufgaben der experimentellen Kollaborationen am LHC. Daher wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit die voll differentielle Berechnungen des Zerfalls stark wechselwirkender Teilchen in der nächstführenden Ordnung der supersymmetrischen QCD vorgestellt. Verschiedene Methoden, um die Produktionsprozesse und den Zerfalls in nächstführenden Ordnung zu verbinden, werden diskutiert. Mit Hilfe dieser Ergebnisse werden Spineffekte in Prozessen mit Gluinos untersucht. Desweiteren werden mehrere Modelle zur Erklärung der dunkler Materie im Hinblick auf deren indirekten Nachweis untersucht. Insbesondere liegt dabei der Fokus auf dem Einfluss elektroschwacher Korrekturen.
A New Look at the Eckart-Scuflaire-Osaki Classification Scheme of Stellar Oscillations

For a given degree l and azimuthal order m, the eigenfunctions and their associated eigenfrequencies ω of adiabatic oscillation of a spherically symmetrical star constitute a spectrum that, under a broad range of conditions, is discrete. To each mode one can then assign an integer n, called the order of the mode, which by convention has the property of increasing as ω increases. Asymptotically, as |n| → ∞, the order n becomes equal to the number of nodes, counted appropriately, of a suitably chosen wave function, and indeed, even when |n| is not large, that continues to be the case in the Cowling approximation. Moreover, we can associate with the wave function a spatial phase and relate n to the phase difference at the center and the surface of the star. This natural yet somewhat unconventional way of looking at the mode classification may be of use in searching for a suitable classification scheme that can be applied to the full fourth-order differential system of governing equations that takes into account the perturbation of the gravitational potential.
ADSORPTION OF POLYELECTROLYTE ONTO A COLLOID OF OPPOSITE CHARGE

We study theoretically an idealized model for the adsorption of a weakly charged polyelectrolyte chain onto an oppositely charged colloidal particle. Within the framework of the self-consistent field theory, and using an analogy with the quantum theory of the atom, we show that the connectivity between the charges of the polymer leads to an “overcharge” of the colloidal particle, which can adsorb a chain of total charge up to 15y6 times its own charge. [S0031-9007(98)08181-2]
Self-collimated electromagnetic jets from magnetized accretion disks

The global electrodynamics of a viscous resistive accretion disk around a Schwarzschild black hole with a force-free plasma outside of the disk is worked out. The magnetic field in the disk is assumed to include a well-ordered component. The magnetic field and fluid dynamics of the disk are tested, simplifying the induction equation and solving for the flux function and the toroidal magnetic field. A Green's function method is used to obtain far-field solutions of the basic electromagnetic field equation for the plasma outside of the disk. The solutions are found to include self-collimated electromagnetic jets. The overall energy conservation for the disk-jet system is considered, and a global condition is derived which imposes an upper bound on the reaction of the accretion luminosity which can be carried away by the jets. 36 references.
Photometric and spectroscopic monitoring of AA Tau, DN Tau, UX Tau A, T Tau, RY Tau, Lk Ca 4, and Lk Ca 7

We report the results of a UBVRI photometric monitoring campaign for three classical T Tauri stars (AA Tau, DN Tau, and UX Tau A) and two weak emission line T Tauri stars (Lk Ca 4 and Lk Ca 7). Observations were obtained at three sites during a core observing period spanning UT 1985 October 14 through UT 1985 December 25, with additional observations continuing until UT 1986 April 6. Concurrent spectrophotometric observations were obtained for all main program stars except Lk Ca 7 and additionally for T Tau, RW Aur, and RY Tau. Periodic photometric variability, assumed to be the stars' rotation periods, were found for AA Tau, DN Tau, Lk Ca 4, and Lk Ca 7, respectively, as 8.2, 6.3, 3.4, and 5.7 days. Several U-filter flares were observed for Lk Ca 4 and Lk Ca 7, which are strongly concentrated toward phases of minimum light. Correlations are found between H-alpha line strengths and V magnitudes for AA Tau and RY Tau. An analysis of absolute color variations of classical T Tauri stars confirms that hot spots are the predominant cause of these stars' variability. Our overall results are consistent with earlier findings that long-lived cool spots are responsible for most of the variability found for weak-emission T Tauri stars, while temporal hot spots are primarily responsible for the observed variability found in classical T Tauri stars.
Path−integral evaluation of a nonstationary Calogero model

The path integral for a three−body problem in one dimension described by the Lagrangian L = (1/2) {? 12 + ? 22 + ? 32} − (1/4) ω2(t) { (ξ1 − ξ2)2 + (ξ2 − ξ3)2 + (ξ3 − ξ1)2} − g (ξ1 − ξ2)−2 is examined, where ξ1, ξ2, and ξ3 are the coordinates of the three particles and ω (t) is the time−dependent angular frequency indicating the coupling strength of the harmonic potentials.
On DFT Molecular Simulation for Non-Adaptive Kernel Approximation

Using accurate quantum energy computations in nanotechnologic applications is usually very computationally intensive. That makes it difficult to apply in subsequent quantum simulation. In this paper, we present some preliminary results pertaining to stochastic methods for alleviating the numerical expense of quantum estimations. The initial information about the quantum energy originates from the Density Functional Theory. The determination of the parameters is performed by using methods stemming from machine learning. We survey the covariance method using marginal likelihood for the statistical simulation. More emphasis is put at the position of equilibrium where the total atomic energy attains its minimum. The originally intensive data can be reproduced efficiently without losing accuracy. A significant acceleration gain is perceived by using the proposed method.
Dipole transition strengths in Ba+ from Rydberg fine-structure measurements in Ba and Ba+

The fine structure of high-L n = 19 and 20 Rydberg states of Ba{sup +} has been measured precisely using the resonant excitation Stark ionization spectroscopy technique, allowing for a determination of the Ba{sup 2+} polarizability: {alpha}{sub D}(Ba{sup 2+}) = 10.75(10) a.u. This result, in combination with an improved model of the K splittings in Ba Rydberg levels, allows for a more precise determination of the Ba{sup +} dipole transition strengths connecting the 6 {sup 2}S{sub 1/2} ground state to the 6 {sup 2}P{sub 1/2} and 6 {sup 2}P{sub 3/2} excited states. The results, in atomic units, are = 3.3251(21) and = 4.7017(27).
On the nature of Mg-Ii absorption-line systems in quasars

The results of a large R-band imaging survey of 71 bright (m(V) 30h-1 kpc). This suggests that the absorption systems may not be gravitationally bound to the observed galaxies, but may be part of larger extended systems. We also find a significant number of galaxies near the line-of-sight to the quasar where no absorption is seen in the quasar spectrum. The selection of our quasars is unbiased with respect to galaxies near the line-of-sight, so we can compare the observed number of absorption systems to that predicted by a simple model with a constant covering factor in Mg II absorbing gas within a maximum radius of each detected galaxy. The model is consistent with a covering factor of unity, but allowing for incompleteness in the detection of galaxies, the covering factor is less than unity. The redshifts of the galaxies are required to confirm this result.
Assimilation of Scalar Versus Horizontal Gradient Information from the VAS into a Mesoscale Model

Abstract Comparisons are made between analyses and forecasts which incorporate VAS geopotential data as either scalar or horizontal gradient information for a mw study on the AVE/VAS day of 6 March 1982. On this day, incorporating the VAS information in analysis as a variational constraint on horizontal geopotential gradients significantly mitigated the effects of large data biases which made VAS assimilation by standard scalar methods very difficult. A subsequent forecast made from the gradient assimilation was superior to one made from the standard analysis and of comparable quality in geopotentials to a control forecast from synoptic data. Most impact was noted in the forecasts of vertical motion and precipitation in the gradient versus this control simulation.
Transport and thermal properties of single- and polycrystalline NiZr0.5Hf0.5Sn

The thermoelectric properties of a Heusler compound with NiZr0.5Hf0. 5Sn composition were studied. A comparison of the properties of a single crystal and a polycrystal was carried out by measurements of the electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity. The transport properties are directly compared to the valence band electronic structure measured by photoelectron spectroscopy. The single crystal shows a higher figure of merit (ZT = 0.1) at room temperature which originates from the high electrical conductivity that is mediated by “in-gap” states observed by photoemission spectroscopy.
Temperature dependence of the thermo-optic coefficient of InP, GaAs, and SiC from room temperature to 600 K at the wavelength of 1.5 μm

The thermo-optic coefficient ∂n/∂T has been measured from room temperature to 600 K at the wavelength of 1523 nm in three important semiconductors for fiber-optic device fabrication, namely, InP, GaAs, and 6H–SiC. The adopted technique is very simple and is based on the observation of the periodicity of the signal transmitted, at the desired wavelength, by an etalon made of the material under test, when it experiences a temperature variation. The values of ∂n/∂T measured in InP and GaAs at room temperature are in agreement with previously reported ones, but increase with temperature with a weak quadratic dependence. SiC conversely shows a lower thermo-optic coefficient (2.77×10−5 K−1) at 300 K, which, however, doubles for a 300 K temperature increase.
Quantification of scattering corrections to the Beer-Lambert law for transmittance measurements in turbid media

We present a modelled approach of scattering contribution to the radiation transmission through a scattering medium, such as an aerosol, yielding a correction term to the Lambert-Beer law. The correction is essential because a certain amount of the forward scattered light flux is always overlaid on the transmitted radiation. Hence it enters together with the attenuated beam into the finite aperture of any detector system and therefore constitutes a potential problem in the inversion of measured data. This correction depends not only on the geometry of the measuring system but also substantially on the optical depth of the medium. We discuss the numerical analysis of the magnitude and functional behaviour of the scattering correction for a number of important measuring parameters and we give a simple approximation for the determination of the range of applicability of the scattering correction for single scattering conditions. Finally, we show that the derived expressions yield useful values of optical depths at which non-negligible multiple scattering effects occur.