Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE CLIMATIC JUMP OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC WARM POOL AND ITS CLIMATIC EFFECTS

The climatic jump of the Western Pacific Warm Pool and its climatic effects were analyzed using the SST (COADS,NCEP) data sets. The results show that there were very obvious decadal variability with 10～20 periods and obvious 4 times of climatic jump of the Western Pacific Warm Pool with 40～50 year periods during one hundred years,which happened in 1910s,1930s,1950s and 1980s. The Warm pool jump has important climatic effects and after jump of the Western Pacific Warm pool,the SST increases about 0.5 ℃ in Central and Eastern Tropical Pacific; the Pacific Subtropical High at 500 hPa strengthen and gose southwestward,the precipitation belt tends to be in south China. The results also show that El Nino events will happen more than La Nina events when the Warm pool abnormally develops,and La Nina events will happen more than El Nina events when the Warm pool abnormally declines. Due to the 40～50 year period,the Warm pool is still in its strengthening stage and it is possible that the drought in north China will continue in the first decadal of 21 century.
Terrestrial Planet Finder Interferometer: 2007-2008 progress and plans

This paper provides an overview of technology development for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Interferometer (TPF-I). TPF-I is a mid-infrared space interferometer being designed with the capability of detecting Earth-like planets in the habitable zones around nearby stars. The overall technology roadmap is presented and progress with each of the testbeds is summarized.
Lyapunov spectrum for geodesic flows of rank 1 surfaces

We give estimates on the Hausdorff dimension of the levels sets of the Lyapunov exponent for the geodesic flow of a compact rank 1 surface. We show that the level sets of points with small (but non-zero) exponents has full Hausdorff dimension, but carries small topological entropy.
A Comparative Study on Digital Signatures Based on Elliptic Curves in High Speed Ad Hoc Networks

Article history: Background: Cryptographic primitives need to be applied to networks which aim security and protection of data in its first place. Digital signature is one such method that can be efficiently developed for providing authenticity and integrity of the message. The progression of elliptic curve in mathematics has complemented the cryptographic field which led to the development of Elliptic Curve Cryptography in public key cryptosystems. Results: Although a number of elliptic curve authentication algorithms are present in literature, we discuss the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm and elliptic curve Pinstov and Vanstone signature schemes in this paper. The analysis of these signatures shows that the computational overhead is very low compared to the traditional asymmetric key algorithms. Conclusion: A very small signature payload is an interesting factor for their use in high speed networks.
Evaluating Performance and Security of a Hybrid Moving Target Defense in SDN Environments

As cyberattacks are rising, Moving Target Defense (MTD) can be a countermeasure to proactively protect a networked system against cyber-attacks. Despite the fact that MTD systems demonstrate security effectiveness against the reconnaissance of Cyber Kill Chain (CKC), a time-based MTD has a limitation when it comes to protecting a system against the next phases of CKC. In this work, we propose a novel hybrid MTD technique, its implementation and evaluation. Our hybrid MTD system is designed on a real SDN testbed and it uses an intrusion detection system (IDS) to provide an additional MTD triggering condition. This in itself presents an extra layer of system protection. Our hybrid MTD technique can enhance security in the response to multi-phased cyber-attacks. The use of the reactive MTD triggering from intrusion detection alert shows that it is effective to thwart the further phase of detected cyber-attacks. We also investigate the performance degradation due to more frequent MTD triggers.This work contributes to (1) proposing an ML-based rule classification model for predicting identified attacks which helps a decision-making process for security enhancement; (2) developing a hybrid-based MTD integrated with a Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) with the consideration of performance and security; and (3) assessment of the performance degradation and security effectiveness against potential real attacks (i.e., scanning, dictionary, and SQL injection attack) in a physical testbed.
Genetic Diversity and Evolutionary Kinetics of Influenza A Virus H3N2 Subtypes Circulating in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Presence of a large foreign workforce and the annual gathering of people for pilgrimage from around the globe have significantly contributed to the emergence and diversity of respiratory viruses in Saudi Arabia. Here, we report the sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the H3N2 subtype of influenza A virus (IAV) in clinical samples collected from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Based on RT-PCR, IAV was found in 88 (28.3%) of the 311 samples screened. Of the 88-IAV positive samples, 43 (48.8%) were H1N1 subtype while the remaining 45 (51.2%) were found to be of the H3N2 subtype. Complete sequencing of HA and NA genes of H3N2 revealed, twelve and nine amino acid (AA) substitutions respectively, and importantly, these variations are absent in the current vaccine strains. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the majority of H3N2 strains were grouped in the same clades as the vaccine strains. Importantly, the N-glycosylation sites at AA 135(NSS) were found to be unique to 6 strains in the investigated HA1 protein and were absent in the current vaccine strains. These data may have significant clinical implications in designing novel and population-based vaccines for IAV and underscore the need for regular monitoring of efficacy of vaccines due to emerging variants.
A Miniaturized UWB Monopole Microstrip Antenna

In this paper, A novel miniaturized Ultrawideband(UWB) monopole microstrip antenna has been proposed. It consists of semicircle ring-like radiating patch, microstrip feeding line and partial ground plane structure(PGPS). The simulated results have demonstrated that the antenna have provided extremely wide operating frequency band from 1.4GHz to 27.4GHz(S11< -10dB) by etching multi gourd-shaped slots on the PGPS. The total electrical length of the proposed antenna structure is only $0.28\lambda \times 0.2 \lambda$ at 1.4GHz. It is believed that the antenna has many applications in Internet of Things(IoT), Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN) and so on.
Resonantly interacting water waves

Coupled nonlinear equations are derived for the amplitudes of two small-amplitude resonantly interacting gravity waves in water of non-uniform depth. Such resonance is possible only for wavelengths long compared to the depth. It is shown that the same equations are obtained from the exact Euler equations, from the nonlinear shallow water theory, and from the Boussinesq equations.
A Circularly Polarized Quadrifilar Helix Antenna With Steerable Beam

This paper presents our study on a circularly polarized (CP) beam steering quadrifilar helix antenna (QHA) for the applications of wireless communication, satellite navigation and wireless power transmission. The proposed antenna is composed of four helical wires with variable feeding phase differences, which is different from a conventional QHA. It is shown to realize one cardioid pattern towards the broadside, and four off-boresight tilted beams over a half space by controlling phases on the helix elements in simulation. A feeding network was developed to excite the broadside and tilted beam modes for proving the concept in experiment. The measured results of the broadside radiation mode are in good agreement with the simulated ones. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna can cover 1.26-1.65 GHz with a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 1.1-1.8 GHz. The gain in the whole working band is higher than 2.1 dBi. And over 70% radiation efficiency can be achieved.
A Wideband Dielectric Resonator Antenna for 5G Mobile Applications

This paper proposes a wideband dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) at 3.5 GHz. 5G mobile technology requires a wide bandwidth and high gain more than 1 GHz and transferring signal in directive radiation pattern. Hence, DRA technique is used for wideband characteristics. The proposed antenna is designed with implementation of U-shape air filled inside basic structure. The U-shape inside patch are implemented in order to increase the bandwidth and gain. The proposed antenna is simulated using HFSS software and then printed on the FR4 substrate with thickness of 1.6 mm and permittivity of 4.4. The antenna performance achieved a fractional bandwidth of 1.69 GHz and a gain of 5 dB. The proposed antenna is suitable to be implemented in the future 5G mobile applications.
A vector oriented control for a magnetically levitated shaft

Considering the nonlinear model of active magnetic bearings, a new means of nonlinear control is presented which treats variables as rotating vectors in the control plane, specially the unbalance. It becomes easy to cancel out the effect of this perturbation in a rotating reference. Therefore, the rotor can rotate around any desired point, particularly the geometric center or the center of gravity. Simulations illustrate the efficacy of this control law.
A Unified Approach to Generalized Causal Inference

Randomized controlled trials and natural experiments have been criticized for their lack of generalizability (external validity), questioning their usefulness to social science and policy. Here I show how three common approaches to generalizability -- the heuristic, statistical, and structural approaches -- are each incomplete on their own, and how generalized causal diagrams, or g-dags, can achieve a complete representation of the problem. G-dags combine theory and evidence to (1) make inferences from a study to a population or subgroup; (2) combine two or more studies that are not generalizable on their own into a generalized inference; (3) encode and test generalizable knowledge; and (4) provide a link to boosting algorithms as generalized additive models. More generally, g-dags make explicit what is being assumed, or questioned, in discussing the generalizability of experiments, which allows for constructive discourse and informed research agendas.
Effects of Steam and Water Blanching on Drying Characteristics, Water Distribution, Microstructure, and Bioactive Components of Gastrodia Elata

In the current work, the effects of steam and boiling water blanching on the drying characteristics, water distribution, microstructure, and contents of bioactive substances of Gastrodia elata (G. elata) were explored. Results showed that the degree of steaming and blanching was related to the core temperature of G. elata. The steaming and blanching pretreatment increased the drying time of the samples by more than 50%. The low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) of treated samples showed that the relaxation time corresponded to water molecule states (bound, immobilized, and free) and G. elata became shorter, which indicated a reduction in free moisture and increased resistance of water diffusion in the solid structure during drying. Hydrolysis of polysaccharides and gelatinization of starch granules was observed in the microstructure of treated samples, which was consistent with changes in water status and drying rates. Steaming and blanching increased gastrodin and crude polysaccharide contents and decreased p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol content. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the effect of steaming and blanching on the drying behavior and quality attributes of G. elata.
LMI Conditions for H1 Static Output Feedback Control of Discrete-time Systems

This paper is concerned with the problems of H1 static output feedback (SOF) control synthesis for discrete- time systems. New linear matrix inequality (LMI) character- izations are derived, which enable one SOF controller by us- ing parameter-dependent Lyapunov function. The relationship between the proposed methods include and the existing ones are clarified, which shows that our new results include those results as special cases. Numerical examples are included for illustration. I. INTRODUCTION
Initial Serum Levels of Magnesium and Calcium as Predictors of Mortality in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A Retrospective Study

Background: We sought to evaluate the predictor role of the initial serum level of calcium and magnesium in hospitalized traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of all TBI patients admitted to the Hamad Trauma Center (HTC), between June 2016 and May 2021 was conducted. Initial serum electrolyte levels of TBI patients were obtained. A comparative analysis of clinical variables between patients with abnormal and normal serum electrolyte level was performed. Logistic regression analysis with the variables that showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the bivariate analysis was performed to calculate the odds ratios (OR) for mortality. Results: There was a total of 922 patients with clinical records of serum electrolyte levels at admission. Of these, 757 (82.1%) had hypocalcemia, 158 (17.1%) had normal calcium level, and 7 (0.8%) had hypercalcemia. On the other hand, 616 (66.8%) patients had normal magnesium level, 285 (30.9%) had hypomagnesemia, and 12 (1.3%) had hypermagnesemia. The mortality rate in hypocalcemia group was 24% while in patients with normal calcium level it was 12%, p = 0.001. Proportionate mortality rates in hypomagnesemia and normal magnesium groups were 15% and 23% (p = 0.006), respectively. On the other hand, 7 out of 12 (58%) hypermagnesemia patients died during the index hospitalization. The regression model including GCS, ISS, PT, aPTT, INR, Hemoglobin, Bicarbonate, Lactate, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphate showed that hypocalcemia was not a significant predictor [OR 0.59 (CI 95%: 0.20–1.35)] of mortality after TBI. However, hypermagnesemia was a significant predictor [OR 16 (CI 95%: 2.1–111)] in addition to the GCS, ISS, aPTT, Bicarbonate, and Lactate values on admission. Conclusion: Although hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia are common in hospitalized TBI patients, hypocalcemia was not a significant predictor of mortality, while hypermagnesemia was an independent predictor. Further studies with larger sample size and with prospective design are required to support these findings and their importance.
Hybrid Puncturing and Superposition Scheme for Multiplexing uRLLC and eMBB Services Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

In 5G network, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) service requires high data rate while ultra reliable low latency communication (uRLLC) service requires low latency and high reliability. Multiplexing two heterogeneous services with quite different Quality of Service(Qos) requirements on the same wireless radio resource is a challenging wireless resource allocation problem. In this paper, a hybrid superposition and puncturing scheme is adopted to realize the coexistence of eMBB and uRLLC. The user pairing and the radio resource allocation problem is formulated as a non-convex problem aims at minimizing the rate loss of eMBB caused by uRLLC. We propose Proximal Policy Optimization(PPO), a state-of-the-art deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm, to solve this non-convex problem. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme can minimize the loss of eMBB users while strictly ensuring the latency and reliability requirements of uRLLC users, when compared to other baseline schemes.
Food Recognition Model Based on Deep Learning and Attention Mechanism

Since food culture and the Internet technology has developed, it is popular to share food photos through the Internet. How to mine the useful information contained in these food images has posed a challenge to us. Image-based food recognition technology has a broad application prospect. It can not only quickly identify food category, ingredients and cooking methods, providing people with relevant recipe information, but also predict food nutrition information, which can be used in nutritional analysis, scientific dietary matching and medical health management. Considering the above problems, in this paper we conduct research and analysis from two aspects: dataset construction and recognition model design. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) Since there is an absence of public datasets which contain both food cooking methods and calorie information, we construct a food dataset with rich food attributes. (2) Existing food calorie prediction methods usually need to go through multiple calculation steps while ignoring the influence of cooking methods. In addition, the mutual occlusion of ingredients, the changes in shape, color and texture of ingredients after different cooking methods, and the similarity of different types of food in terms of shape and color, all make the food image recognition tasks hard to solve.To solve these problems, a food recognition model based on multi-task attention network is proposed.
Pairwise Application Log Classification

This paper proposes a method for labeling big data applications based on their execution logs. This method allows big data cluster operators to identify and label applications without relying on the application names assigned by cluster users. Our method relies on pairwise classification and does not require extensive training data. We have evaluated the pairwise classification technique with 13 big data applications. Our method works with high accuracy for new application types that were not observed during the model training. Our classifier achieves 83% accuracy.
Sounding rocket measurement of the absolute solar EUV flux utilizing a silicon photodiode

A newly developed stable and high quantum efficiency silicon photodiode was used to obtain an accurate measurement of the integrated absolute magnitude of the solar extreme ultraviolet photon flux in the spectral region between 50 and 800 {angstrom}. The detector was flown aboard a solar point sounding rocket launched from White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico on October 24, 1988. The adjusted daily 10.7-cm solar radio flux and sunspot number were 168.4 and 121, respectively. The unattenuated absolute value of the solar EUV flux at 1 AU in the specified wavelength region was 6.81 {times} 10{sup 10} photons cm{sup {minus}2} s{sup {minus}1}. Based on a nominal probable error of 7% for National Institute of Standards and Technology detector efficiency measurements in the 50- to 500-{angstrom} region (5% on longer wavelength measurements between 500 and 1216 {angstrom}), and based on experimental errors associated with their rocket instrumentation and analysis, a conservative total error estimate of {approximately}14% is assigned to the absolute integral solar flux obtained.
Bacteria of Zoonotic Interest Identified on Edible Freshwater Fish Imported to Australia

Previous research has shown that freshwater edible fish imported into Australia are not compliant with Australian importation guidelines and as a result may be high risk for bacterial contamination. In the present study, the outer surface of imported freshwater fish were swabbed, cultured, confirmatory tests performed and antimicrobial patterns investigated. Channidae fish (Sp. A/n = 66) were contaminated with zoonotic Salmonella sp. /Staphylococcus aureus (n = 1/66) and other bacteria implicated in cases of opportunistic human infection, these being Pseudomonas sp. (including P. mendocina and P. pseudoalcaligenes (n = 34/66)); Micrococcus sp. (n = 32/66); Comamonas testosteroni (n = 27/66) and Rhizobium radiobacter (n = 3/66). Pangasiidae fish (Species B/n = 47) were contaminated with zoonotic Vibrio fluvialis (n = 10/47); Salmonella sp. (n = 6/47) and environmental bacteria Micrococcus sp. (n = 3/47). One sample was resistant to all antimicrobials tested and is considered to be Methicillin Resistant S. aureus. Mud, natural diet, or vegetation identified in Sp. A fish/or packaging were significantly associated with the presence of Pseudomonas spp. The study also showed that visibly clean fish (Sp. B) may harbour zoonotic bacteria and that certain types of bacteria are common to fish groups, preparations, and contaminants. Further investigations are required to support the development of appropriate food safety recommendations in Australia.
Temperature increase in nanostructured cells of a magnetic tunnel junction during current-induced magnetization switching

Three-dimensional numerical calculations based on the finite element method are performed to calculate the increase in the temperature in nanostructured cells of a magnetic tunnel junction under conditions that are relevant to current-induced magnetization switching for a high-density magnetic random access memory. Three key parameters, the lateral size, the resistance-area product and the applied current density, were varied widely so that their effects on the temperature increase could be examined. The computed results for the temperature increase, as a function of the resistance-area product and the current density, show the same trends that are expected from an equation for the dissipated heat. While the increase in the temperature is expected to be independent of the lateral size, the computations reveal a rather complicated relationship between the two variables, which is contingent on the various conditions that are considered. In a cell array that is relevant to high-density contexts, the temperature increase in the nearest cells is as high as 50% of the cell at which the current is directly applied; this could cause a thermal-stability problem in high-density magnetic random access memories. The temperature increase was also calculated under a more realistic physical picture of the relaxation of tunnelled electrons. These results are in agreement with those that are computed from Joule heating.
ON A PAIRING BETWEEN SYMMETRIC POWER MODULES

Abstract We prove, using purely combinatorial methods, that there is a pairing \begin{linenomath} $$\Sym^a\Q^2\times\Sym^a\Q^2\lra\Q$$ \end{linenomath} with an M2(ℚ)-equivariance property.
Internet of Things in Textile Sensors

New integration options with conformable sensors have been made possible by the digitization of textiles (textronics), allowing for the continuous, unobtrusive, and noninvasive decoding of essential physiological signals. This article offers a thorough analysis of the Internet of Things’ textile sensors and the fabrication techniques utilized for textronic sensors according to the form factors of fiber, yarn, fabric, and apparel. It also emphasizes the significance of pretreatment and conditioning reporting of the textile formfactors due to their influence on the mechanical and electrical performance of the textronic sensor. The study comes to the conclusion that in addition to being able to communicate information, textile-based sensors can be used as smart sensing devices to access the mobile internet through wearable computing devices that can be attached to or worn on the human body. The next generation of human-computer interfaces may be built on top of these sensors. One of the factors influencing the development of textile sensors is the ongoing discovery of novel conductive materials.
The Taming of Chance.

Acknowledgements 1. The argument 2. The doctrine of necessity 3. Public amateurs, secret bureaucrats 4. Bureaux 5. The sweet despotism of reason 6. The quantum of sickness 7. The granary of science 8. Suicide is a kind of madness 9. The experimental basis of the philosophy of legislation 10. Facts without authenticity, without detail, without control, and without value 11. By what majority? 12. The law of large numbers 13. Regimental chests 14. Society prepares the crimes 15. The astronomical conception of society 16. The mineralogical conception of society 17. The most ancient nobility 18. Cassirer's thesis 19. The normal state 20. As real as cosmic forces 21. The autonomy of statistical law 22. A chapter from Prussian statistics 23. A universe of chance Notes Index.