Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on the role of hippocampus in memory consolidation

The length of time needed to recover memories in the hippocampus area varies greatly across the existing theories of system-level consolidation. These competing hypotheses do, however, have connections. The standard consolidation theory, multiple trace theory, and scene construction theory are the three existing models that are examined in this study. After reexamining their features, the authors test whether the three models can be integrated in terms of trace duration and function. It is better to think of the hippocampus's contribution to system-level consolidation as a functional transition from retention to rebuilding through time rather than just a question of persistence. The involvement of the hippocampus in memory retrieval may be fitted into a more thorough model in terms of functional transformation since the two functions, retention and reconstruction, are of equal significance and can scarcely be divided into two sections.
The protective effects of sesamol and/or the probiotic, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, against aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats: Modulation of Wnt/β-catenin/GSK-3β, JAK-2/STAT-3, PPAR-γ, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways

Introduction: Aluminium (Al) is accumulated in the brain causing neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative disease like Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis, autism and epilepsy. Hence, attenuation of Al-induced neurotoxicity has become a “hot topic“ in looking for an intervention that slow down the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: Our study aims to introduce a new strategy for hampering aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced neurotoxicity using a combination of sesamol with the probiotic bacteria; Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and also to test their possible ameliorative effects on AlCl3-induced hepatotoxicity. Methods: Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10/group) which are control, AlCl3, AlCl3 + Sesamol, AlCl3 + L. rhamnosus and AlCl3 + Sesamol + L. rhamnosus. We surveilled the behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological alterations centrally in the brain and peripherally in liver. Results: This work revealed that the combined therapy of sesamol and L. rhamnosus produced marked reduction in brain amyloid-β, p-tau, GSK-3β, inflammatory and apoptotic biomarkers, along with marked elevation in brain free β-catenin and Wnt3a, compared to AlCl3-intoxicated rats. Also, the combined therapy exerted pronounced reduction in hepatic expressions of JAK-2/STAT-3, inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB), fibrotic (MMP-2, TIMP-1, α-SMA) and apoptotic markers, (caspase-3), together with marked elevation in hepatic PPAR-γ expression, compared to AlCl3 -intoxicated rats. Behavioral and histopathological assessments substantiated the efficiency of this combined regimen in halting the effect of neurotoxicity. Discussion: Probiotics can be used as an add-on therapy with sesamol ameliorate AlCl3 -mediated neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.
Kernel density maximum entropy method with generalized moments for evaluating probability distributions, including tails, from a small sample of data

In this paper, a novel method to determine the distribution of a random variable from a sample of data is presented. The approach is called generalized kernel density maximum entropy method, because it adopts a kernel density representation of the target distribution, while its free parameters are determined through the principle of maximum entropy (ME). Here, the ME solution is determined by assuming that the available information is represented from generalized moments, which include as their subsets the power and the fractional ones. The proposed method has several important features: (1) applicable to distributions with any kind of support, (2) computational efficiency because the ME solution is simply obtained as a set of systems of linear equations, (3) good trade‐off between bias and variance, and (4) good estimates of the tails of the distribution, in the presence of samples of small size. Moreover, the joint application of generalized kernel density maximum entropy with a bootstrap resampling allows to define credible bounds of the target distribution. The method is first benchmarked through an example of stochastic dynamic analysis. Subsequently, it is used to evaluate the seismic fragility functions of a reinforced concrete frame, from the knowledge of a small set of available ground motions.
Elastic dipoles of point defects from atomistic simulations

The interaction of point defects with an external stress field or with other structural defects is usually well described within continuum elasticity by the elastic dipole approximation. Extraction of the elastic dipoles from atomistic simulations is therefore a fundamental step to connect an atomistic description of the defect with continuum models. This can be done either by a fitting of the point-defect displacement field, by a summation of the Kanzaki forces, or by a linking equation to the residual stress. We perform here a detailed comparison of these different available methods to extract elastic dipoles, and show that they all lead to the same values when the supercell of the atomistic simulations is large enough and when the anharmonic region around the point defect is correctly handled. But, for small simulation cells compatible with ab initio calculations, only the definition through the residual stress appears tractable. The approach is illustrated by considering various point defects (vacancy, self-interstitial, and hydrogen solute atom) in zirconium, using both empirical potentials and ab initio calculations.
Deep-Learning-based Analysis of the Patterns Associated with the Changes in the Grit Scores and Understanding Levels of Students

—The purpose of this study is to classify the pattern of the understanding level changes for university students during class term, and analyze the relation between them and the changes in the Grid score before and after the class term. Dynamic time warping was applied for classification of the understanding level, and the decision tree was applied to analyze the relation between the changes in the understanding level and that in the Grid score. As a result, it was shown that a large variety of the patterns of changes in the understanding level, and the relations between the understanding level and Grid score cover a wide variety, too. It is necessary to take these results for conducting effective lectures.
Energy decay rates for solutions of the wave equation with linear damping in exterior domain

In this paper we study the behavior of the energy and the $L^{2}$ norm of solutions of the wave equation with localized linear damping in exterior domain. Let $u$ be a solution of the wave system with initial data $\left( u_{0},u_{1}\right) $. We assume that the damper is positive at infinity then under the Geometric Control Condition of Bardos et al [5] (1992), we prove that: 1. If $(u_{0},u_{1}) $ belong to $H_{0}^{1}( \Omega) \times L^{2}( \Omega ) ,$ then the total energy $ E_{u}(t) \leq C_{0}(1+t) ^{-1}I_{0}$ and $\Vert u(t) \Vert _{L^{2}}^{2}\leq C_{0}I_{0},$ where \begin{equation*} I_{0}=\left\Vert u_{0}\right\Vert _{H^{1}}^{2}+\left\Vert u_{1}\right\Vert _{L^{2}}^{2}. \end{equation*} &nbsp2. If the initial data $\left( u_{0},u_{1}\right) $ belong to $ H_{0}^{1}\left( \Omega \right) \times L^{2}\left( \Omega \right) $ and verifies \begin{equation*} \left\Vert d\left( \cdot \right) \left( u_{1}+au_{0}\right) \right\Vert _{L^{2}}<+\infty , \end{equation*} then the total energy $E_{u}\left( t\right) \leq C_{2}\left( 1+t\right) ^{-2}I_{1}$ and $\left\Vert u\left( t\right) \right\Vert _{L^{2}}^{2} \leq C_{2} \left( 1+t\right) ^{-1}I_{1},$ where \begin{equation*} I_{1}=\left\Vert u_{0}\right\Vert _{H^{1}}^{2}+\left\Vert u_{1}\right\Vert _{L^{2}}^{2}+\left\Vert d\left( \cdot \right) \left( u_{1}+au_{0}\right) \right\Vert _{L^{2}}^{2} \end{equation*} and \begin{equation*} d\left( x\right) =\left\{ \begin{array}{lc} \left\vert x\right\vert & d\geq 3, \\ \left\vert x\right\vert \ln \left( B\left\vert x\right\vert \right) & d=2, \end{array} \right. \end{equation*} with $B$ $\underset{x\in \Omega }{\inf } \left\vert x\right\vert \geq 2$.
A Wideband Polarization-Reconfigurable Orthogonal-Dipole Antenna Controlled by Liquid Metal Switches

This letter proposes a novel wideband crossed-dipole antenna that utilizes liquid metal switches for polarization reconfiguration. The antenna consists of a wideband single-fed crossed bowtie dipole with each arm featuring a gradually varying width bent slot. A back cavity structure serves as a reflector to achieve directional radiation and circular polarization (CP) bandwidth enhancement. The proposed antenna uses movable liquid metal columns in microchannels as coupling switches to open or close the slots. By controlling the switches to close either the vertical or horizontal slots, the antenna achieves directional radiation of left-hand circular polarization or right-hand circular polarization, respectively. When all the slots are opened or closed simultaneously, the directional radiation of linear polarization (LP) is achieved. Experimental results indicate that the antenna has an impedance bandwidth (IBW) of 65.02% and an axial ratio bandwidth of 43.14% in the CP mode, with a maximum gain of 11.6 dBic. In the LP mode, the antenna exhibits an IBW of 42.5% and a maximum gain of 11.48 dBi. These results demonstrate the proposed antenna's versatility and potential for use in mobile communication terminals.
A uniqueness result for a singular elliptic equation with gradient term

We prove the uniqueness of a solution for a problem whose simplest model is with k ≥ 1, 0 f ∈ L∞(Ω) and Ω is a bounded domain of ℝN, N ≥ 2. So far, uniqueness results are known for k < 1, while existence holds for any k ≥ 1 and f positive in open sets compactly embedded in a neighbourhood of the boundary. We extend the uniqueness results to the k ≥ 1 case and show, with an example, that existence does not hold if f is zero near the boundary. We even deal with the uniqueness result when f is replaced by a nonlinear term λuq with 0 < q < 1 and λ > 0.
The stability of the equilibria of the Allen–Cahn equation with fractional diffusion

ABSTRACT This paper is mainly concerned with the stability of the equilibria of the Allen–Cahn equation where the standard Laplacian diffusion is replaced by the fractional Laplacian diffusion. We shall show that the state is stable with respect to some perturbations which are not too large on a set, but is unstable with respect to some perturbations with bounded support set. We use the comparison principle to obtain the results.
The effectiveness of ‘what if not’ strategy coupled with dynamic geometry software in an inquiry-based geometry classroom

ABSTRACT In this paper we present the results of a study which was carried out in an inquiry-based teaching and learning environment with the use of ‘what if not’ methodology coupled with the integration of dynamic geometry software. The vast majority of the students reported that they perceived themselves as participants rather than spectators. Most of the prospective teachers came to the conclusion that the implementation of the findings of this study in their future teachings was a good idea and that it will raise the students’ motivation and enhance and deepen the knowledge pool of the learners.
Detection and phylogenetic analysis of highly pathogenic A/H5N1 avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4b virus in Chile, 2022

ABSTRACT Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A/H5N1 viruses continue to pose a significant threat to animal and human health worldwide. In late 2022, the first confirmed case of HPAI A/H5N1 infection in wild birds in Chile near the Chilean-Peruvian border was reported. Active surveillance by our group in the adyacent Lluta river estuary revealed an increase in A/H5N1 prevalence coinciding with the arrival of migratory birds from the Northern Hemisphere. Genomic analysis of A/H5N1-positive samples demonstrated a close genetic relationship to strains detected in Peru during the same period, which originated from A/H5N1 viruses causing outbreaks in North America. Notably, we identified genetic mutations that did not correlate with known enhanced transmission or binding traits to mammalian receptors. In summary, this study provides valuable genomic insights into the A/H5N1 Clade 2.3. 4.4b viruses in wild birds in Chile, emphasizing the need for enhanced surveillance and response strategies to mitigate the threat posed by these highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in South America.
Grammatical Parallelism in Aphasia: A Lesion-Symptom Mapping Study

Abstract Sentence structure, or syntax, is potentially a uniquely creative aspect of the human mind. Neuropsychological experiments in the 1970s suggested parallel syntactic production and comprehension deficits in agrammatic Broca’s aphasia, thought to result from damage to syntactic mechanisms in Broca’s area in the left frontal lobe. This hypothesis was sometimes termed overarching agrammatism, converging with developments in linguistic theory concerning central syntactic mechanisms supporting language production and comprehension. However, the evidence supporting an association among receptive syntactic deficits, expressive agrammatism, and damage to frontal cortex is equivocal. In addition, the relationship among a distinct grammatical production deficit in aphasia, paragrammatism, and receptive syntax has not been assessed. We used lesion-symptom mapping in three partially overlapping groups of left-hemisphere stroke patients to investigate these issues: grammatical production deficits in a primary group of 53 subjects and syntactic comprehension in larger sample sizes (N = 130, 218) that overlapped with the primary group. Paragrammatic production deficits were significantly associated with multiple analyses of syntactic comprehension, particularly when incorporating lesion volume as a covariate, but agrammatic production deficits were not. The lesion correlates of impaired performance of syntactic comprehension were significantly associated with damage to temporal lobe regions, which were also implicated in paragrammatism, but not with the inferior and middle frontal regions implicated in expressive agrammatism. Our results provide strong evidence against the overarching agrammatism hypothesis. By contrast, our results suggest the possibility of an alternative grammatical parallelism hypothesis rooted in paragrammatism and a central syntactic system in the posterior temporal lobe.
Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Compensation Control and Its Application to Nonlinear Suspension Systems

In this paper, an adaptive fault-tolerant method is proposed to synthesize a compensation controller for the uncertain nonlinear pure-feedback systems possessing dead-zone actuators and stochastic failures. Each actuator’s failure mode is described by a scalar Markovian type function, which is not only much more practical in control engineering but also challenging in control theory. By exploring the adaptive backstepping methodology, a compensation scheme for actuator failure is presented to guarantee that the solution of the closed-loop system is a unique and bounded in probability. Importantly, the proposed control method can achieve arbitrarily small tracking error in the presence of nonlinear actuators with random failures. The case study of active suspension system using the adaptive fault-tolerant compensation controller shows the effectiveness of the presented method.
Bioenergetics of aerobic and anaerobic growth of Shewanella putrefaciens CN32

Shewanella putrefaciens is a model dissimilatory iron-reducing bacterium that can use Fe(III) and O2 as terminal electron acceptors. Consequently, it has the ability to influence both aerobic and anaerobic groundwater systems, making it an ideal microorganism for improving our understanding of facultative anaerobes with iron-based metabolism. In this work, we examine the bioenergetics of O2 and Fe(III) reduction coupled to lactate oxidation in Shewanella putrefaciens CN32. Bioenergetics were measured directly via isothermal calorimetry and by changes to the chemically defined growth medium. We performed these measurements from 25 to 36°C. Modeling metabolism with macrochemical equations allowed us to define a theoretical growth stoichiometry for the catabolic reaction of 1.00 O2:lactate and 1.33 Fe(III):lactate that was consistent with the observed ratios of O2:lactate (1.20 ± 0.23) and Fe(III):lactate (1.46 ± 0.15) consumption. Aerobic growth showed minimal variation with temperature and minimal variation in thermodynamic potentials of incubation. Fe(III)-based growth showed a strong temperature dependence. The Gibbs energy and enthalpy of incubation was minimized at ≥30°C. Energy partitioning modeling of Fe(III)-based calorimetric incubation data predicted that energy consumption for non-growth associate maintenance increases substantially above 30°C. This prediction agrees with the data at 33 and 35°C. These results suggest that the effects of temperature on Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 are metabolism dependent. Gibbs energy of incubation above 30°C was 3–5 times more exergonic with Fe(III)-based growth than with aerobic growth. We compared data gathered in this study with predictions of microbial growth based on standard-state conditions and based on the thermodynamic efficiency of microbial growth. Quantifying the growth requirements of Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 has advanced our understanding of the thermodynamic constraints of this dissimilatory iron-reducing bacterium.
17. Severe precipitation in Northern India in June 2013: Causes, historical context, and changes in probability

The Event: June 2013 Flooding in Northern India. Parts of mountainous northern India—including Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh—experienced extremely heavy precipitation during 14–17 June 2013 (Fig. 17.1a,b). Landslides, debris f lows, and extensive flooding caused catastrophic damage to housing and infrastructure, impacted >100000 people, and resulted in >5800 deaths (Dobhal et al. 2013; Dube et al. 2013; Dubey et al. 2013; Joseph et al. 2014; Mishra and Srinivasan 2013). Subsequent heavy rains on 24–25 June hampered rescue efforts, ultimately leaving thousands without food or shelter for >10 days (Prakash 2013). Causes of the mid-June precipitation and associated flooding have been analyzed in detail (Dobhal et al. 2013; Dube et al. 2014; Mishra and Srinivasan 2013; Prakash 2013). Anomalously early arrival of monsoon-like atmospheric circulation over India (Fig. 17.1c, Supplementary Figure S17.1a) brought heavy rains to the mountainous regions where snow Cumulative precipitation in northern India in June 2013 was a century-scale event, and evidence for increased probability in the present climate compared to the preindustrial climate is equivocal.
Analysis of Novel Immunological Biomarkers Related to Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Severity

Rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) are the most frequently used rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnostic markers, but they are unable to anticipate the patient’s evolution or response to treatment. The aim of this study was to identify possible severity biomarkers to predict an upcoming flare-up or remission period. To address this objective, sera and anticoagulated blood samples were collected from healthy controls (HCs; n = 39) and from early RA (n = 10), flare-up (n = 5), and remission (n = 16) patients. We analyzed leukocyte phenotype markers, regulatory T cells, cell proliferation, and cytokine profiles. Flare-up patients showed increased percentages of cluster of differentiation (CD)3+CD4− lymphocytes (p < 0.01) and granulocytes (p < 0.05) but a decreased natural killer (NK)/T lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.05). Analysis of leukocyte markers by principal component analysis (PCA) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that CD45RO+ (p < 0.0001) and CD45RA+ (p < 0.0001) B lymphocyte expression can discriminate between HCs and early RA patients, while CD3+CD4− lymphocyte percentage (p < 0.0424) and CD45RA+ (p < 0.0424), CD62L+ (p < 0.0284), and CD11a+ (p < 0.0185) B lymphocyte expression can differentiate between flare-up and RA remission subjects. Thus, the combined study of these leukocyte surface markers could have potential as disease severity biomarkers for RA, whose fluctuations could be related to the development of the characteristic pro-inflammatory environment.
Influência da Dimensão das Aberturas na Qualidade Acústica de Salas de Aula Naturalmente Ventiladas

As condições acústicas das salas de aula podem interferir diretamente no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Alguns componentes construtivos podem influenciar em tais condições. No clima quente-úmido, as aberturas são utilizadas com a finalidade principal de proporcionar a ventilação natural. Situações de conflito entre as necessidades de conforto ambiental podem ser verificadas quando tais componentes também permitem a entrada dos ruídos externos, ocasionando decréscimo no isolamento sonoro. Além dos aspectos relacionados ao isolamento e à ventilação, torna-se necessária a abordagem da interferência das aberturas na qualidade acústica interna. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a influência da dimensão das aberturas na qualidade acústica de salas de aula naturalmente ventiladas com base na rede pública municipal de ensino de Maceió-AL. A metodologia consistiu em análises paramétricas, com base em resultados dos parâmetros de qualidade acústica: Tempo de Reverberação (TR), Clareza (C50), Índice de Transmissão da Fala (STI) e Porcentagem de Perda na Articulação de Consoantes (%ALCons), obtidos por meio da simulação computacional. Através dos resultados, observou-se a que o aumento da área de abertura acarreta em melhorias expressivas nos valores dos parâmetros acústicos. O conhecimento sobre o efeito das aberturas na qualidade acústica interna pode auxiliar o projeto arquitetônico no processo de tomada de decisões por parte dos arquitetos.
ANTIENCEPHALITIC ACTIVITIES OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES PARTIALLY PURIFIED FROM LIRIOPE PLATYPHYLLA TUBER.

Woo Young Bang 1 , Chi Won Noh 2 , Seung-Ho Jeon 3 , Yeon Jo Ha 4 , Jeong Mi Kang 4 , Chae Won Lee 1 , Il-Suk Kim 4 , Tae Wan Kim 4 and Sam Woong Kim 4 . 1. National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, South Korea. 2. Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Jinju, 52733, South Korea. 3. Department of Agronomy & Medicinal Plant Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, 52725, South Korea. 4. Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology, Jinju 52725, South Korea. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History