Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solar Radius Measurements at Mount Wilson Observatory

Possible temporal variations of the solar radius are important as an indicator of internal energy storage and as a mechanism for changes in the total solar irradiance. Variations in the total solar irradiance with an amplitude of 0.1% have been observed from space for more than two decades. Although the variability of this solar output has been definitely established, the detailed dependence of the rate of energy output on the level of solar magnetic activity has not yet been measured with enough continuity and precision to determine the correlation throughout the full solar cycle. While a large fraction of the irradiance variability can be explained by the distribution of solar magnetic activity at the surface, small changes in the solar radius (i.e., contributing to the global variability of the solar envelope) could account for a significant fraction of the remaining variations. Studies of the apparent solar radius variation have reported contradictory results, in the form of both correlations and anticorrelations between the solar radius and, for example, the cycle of sunspot numbers. We present results from more than 30 yr of solar radius measurements obtained from the Mount Wilson synoptic program of solar magnetic observations carried out at the 150 foot (45.72 m) tower. We have used an improved definition of the solar radius that also allows us to study the heliolatitude dependence of the radius measurements. We find that the variations of the average radius are not significantly correlated with the solar cycle over the last three decades. We also compare the heliolatitude dependence of these radius measurements with recent results obtained at the Pic du Midi Observatory in France.
Destabilization of hydromagnetic drift‐Alfvén waves in a finite pressure, collisional plasma

The hydromagnetic drift mode of the coupled drift‐Alfven wave is destabilized as a standing wave in a dense, current‐free plasma in the presence of a density gradient. When an axial electron current is drawn, a localized Alfven mode propagating against the current is destabilized, in addition to the unstable drift mode now propagating along the current. The measured wave properties, dispersion, and dependence on plasma parameters are found to agree with the theory derived for a finite β, collisional plasma.
Speech Emotion Recognition Application for Education

Based on convolutional neural networks, a speech recognition application capable of analyzing human emotions is designed. This speech emotion recognition can better assist teachers to understand students' emotional status in the learning process and enable them to improve their teaching methods with the help of the system, thus achieving the goal of improving students' learning efficiency. The application is based on PAD dimension, convolutional neural network to extract deep speech emotion features, and Least squares support vector machine for emotion recognition, thus improving the recognition accuracy of this application.
Instrument validation of perceived organizational support (POS) indonesian version: A rasch model analysis

The Perceived Organizational Support scale developed by Eisenberg is still quite widespread in Indonesia. The POS scale precisely measures how employees perceive organizational support. On the other hand, analysis of items on the POS scale continues. However, this scale analysis has yet to be found using the Rasch Model with a sample of Indonesian people. One of the advantages of the Rasch model is objectivity-specific, i.e., item parameters do not depend on individual characteristics, and vice versa. So this study aims to analyze the validity of the items using the Rasch model. The sample in this study consisted of 325 people consisting of 175 men (52.31%) and 150 women (47.69%). The age range of 18 years – to 68 years. From the item validation test, this scale has good unidimensionality, a standardized reliability index so that the scale is reliable enough, and has items that fall into the fit proper test criteria. The conclusion is that the POS scale has good potential to measure Perceived Organizational Support in Indonesia.
Effectively left-handed (negative index) composite material

We show that a layered material, with alternating layers having negative permittivity (e<0) and negative permeability (μ<0), responds to electromagnetic fields in many ways like a homogeneous left-handed material with e<0 and μ<0. In particular, such a layered structure supports electromagnetic waves with group velocity antiparallel to the phase velocity. However, phase-sensitive measurements of the scattering matrix would distinguish the material from a homogeneous left-handed material. The appearance of a mode with positive index of refraction (right-handed mode) at frequencies for which e and μ are negative is a surprising feature.
Substorm onsets observed by CRRES: Determination of energetic particle source regions

We examine data from the Electron/Proton Angle Spectrometer instrument, also known as Medium Energy B, flown on the CRRES satellite (July 1990 to August 1991). Because of its strongly eccentric orbit, CRRES can detect substorm onsets in the region L = 4 to L = 8, covering the time sectors 1600–0800 MLT. Substorm onsets which are virtually dispersionless in energy have commonly been associated with acceleration processes which occur in the immediate vicinity of the satellite. Data from CRRES show that such virtually dispersionless onsets can occur far in the inner magnetosphere down to L = 4.3 and are distributed up to ±5 hours around local magnetic midnight. Results from a statistical study are presented. We develop a method of using single‐satellite measurements of near‐dispersionless substorm onsets, together with the observed “drift echoes” of these injections, to establish a “source region” for the energetic particles observed at onset. This method is here applied to electrons only. A database of model drift paths has been set up and is used to calculate the possible interceptions between drift paths of various energies from a source region with the satellite trajectory. Our results indicate that the source region can have a sharp boundary in MLT and can extend over several RE. For some events it is possible to deduce an outer radial limit for the injection region, favoring a more local substorm onset mechanism. Our modeling further shows that the injection and drift echo signature observed at the satellite is quite insensitive to the actual shape of the injection boundary.
Vibration Analysis of a Drill in the Drilling Process

The dynamic characteristics of the drilling process are investigated in this study. A pre-twisted Bernoulli-Euler beam is used to simulate the drill. The eigenvalue problem of a rotating pre-twisted beam under axial loading on an elastic foundation is numerically formulated using the differential quadrature method (DQM). Effects of the number of sampling points, rotation speed, pre-twist angle, axial loading, and elastic foundation stiffness on the calculated natural frequencies are also studied. Numerical results demonstrate the validity and the efficiency of the DQM in treating this type of problem. The computation times using DQM are smaller than the computation times using FEM. A varying-length elastic foundation is used to approximate the drilling process. The numerical results indicate that the natural frequency of the drill is increased as the drill moves into the work piece.
8–17 DNAzyme Silencing Gene Expression in Cells via Cleavage and Antisense

Gene silencing is an important biological strategy for studying gene functions, exploring disease mechanisms and developing therapeutics. 8–17 DNAzyme is of great potential for gene silencing, due to its higher RNA-cleaving activity. However, it is not generally used in practice, due to its divalent cation dependence and poor understanding of its cellular mechanisms. To address these issues, we have explored its activity in vitro and in cells and found that it can cleave RNA substrates under the simulated physiological conditions, and its gene-silencing activity is additionally enhanced by its RNase H compatibility, offering both cleavage and antisense activities in cells. Further, chemical modifications can facilitate its stability, substrate binding affinity and gene-silencing activity. Our research results suggest that this DNAzyme can demonstrate high levels of activities for both actions in cells, making it a useful tool for exploring biomedical applications.
Local Information Interaction Transformer for Hyperspectral and LiDAR Data Classification

The multisource remote sensing classification task has two main challenges. 1) How to capture hyperspectral image (HSI) and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) features cooperatively to fully mine the complementary information between data. 2) How to adaptively fuse multisource features, which should not only overcome the imbalance between HSI and LiDAR data but also avoid the generation of redundant information. The local information interaction transformer (LIIT) model proposed herein can effectively address these above issues. Specifically, multibranch feature embedding is first performed to help in the fine-grained serialization of multisource features; subsequently, a local-based multisource feature interactor (L-MSFI) is designed to explore HSI and LiDAR features together. This structure provides an information transmission environment for multibranch features and further alleviates the homogenization processing mode of the self-attention process. More importantly, a multisource feature selection module (MSTSM) is developed to dynamically fuse HSI and LiDAR features to solve the problem of insufficient fusion. Experiments were carried out on three multisource remote-sensing classification datasets, the results of which show that LIIT has more performance advantages than the state-of-the-art CNN and transformer methods.
Transport of energetic electrons in a magnetically expanding helicon double layer plasma

Peripheral magnetic field lines extending from the plasma source into the diffusion chamber are found to separate two regions of Maxwellian electron energy probability functions: the central, ion-beam containing region with an electron temperature of 5 eV, and region near the chamber walls with electrons at 3 eV. Along the peripheral field lines a bi-Maxwellian population with a hot tail at 9 eV is shown to both originate from electrons in the source traveling downstream across the double layer and correspond to a local maximum in ion and electron densities.
Updated Review on the Mechanisms of Pathogenicity in Mycobacterium abscessus, a Rapidly Growing Emerging Pathogen

In recent years, Mycobacterium abscessus has appeared as an emerging pathogen, with an increasing number of disease cases reported worldwide that mainly occur among patients with chronic lung diseases or impaired immune systems. The treatment of this pathogen represents a challenge due to the multi-drug-resistant nature of this species and its ability to evade most therapeutic approaches. However, although predisposing host factors for disease are well known, intrinsic pathogenicity mechanisms of this mycobacterium are still not elucidated. Like other mycobacteria, intracellular invasiveness and survival inside different cell lines are pathogenic factors related to the ability of M. abscessus to establish infection. Some of the molecular factors involved in this process are well-known and are present in the mycobacterial cell wall, such as trehalose-dimycolate and glycopeptidolipids. The ability to form biofilms is another pathogenic factor that is essential for the development of chronic disease and for promoting mycobacterial survival against the host immune system or different antibacterial treatments. This capability also seems to be related to glycopeptidolipids and other lipid molecules, and some studies have shown an intrinsic relationship between both pathogenic mechanisms. Antimicrobial resistance is also considered a mechanism of pathogenicity because it allows the mycobacterium to resist antimicrobial therapies and represents an advantage in polymicrobial biofilms. The recent description of hyperpathogenic strains with the potential interhuman transmission makes it necessary to increase our knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms of this species to design better therapeutic approaches to the management of these infections.
Microwave assisted extraction of anthocyanin from purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) using deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on citric acid

Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is one of the tubers or roots that is widely grown in Indonesia that contain high antioxidants. One type of flavonoid that functions as an antioxidant is a natural dye called anthocyanin. In the process of extraction of anthocyanin, the solvent has an important role. In this research, the deep eutectic solvent was used because it is more economical and environmentally friendly. This research will optimize the microwave assisted extraction of anthocyanin content in purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) using a deep eutectic solvent with the variation of material to solvent ratio, microwave power, and extraction time. Optimization is done by using the statistical method Response Surface Method (RSM) with Total Anthocyanin content as a response. The optimum operating conditions for the extraction of anthocyanins from purple sweet potato using the deep eutectic solvent were obtained at a solid to solvent ratio of 1:29 at a microwave power of 270 watts for 193 s, with an optimum TAC value of 311.64 mg/L and an antioxidant value of 44.85%. The use of DES can increase the extraction yield and is environmentally friendly.
Theory of energy dissipation in sliding crystal surfaces at nonzero temperature.

Previous zero-temperature model studies of friction in a crystal undergoing plastic shear are extended to nonzero temperatures. For the case of a commensurate interface and most incommensurate interfaces without defects, thermal effects on the force of friction are found to be small. For the nearly commensurate case, however, it is argued that the force of friction should increase with increase in temperature. For the case of a commensurate interface with sliding taking place by the motion of dislocations, it is found that at temperature T small compared to the Debye temperature, thermal effects will be small, but as T becomes comparable to the Debye temperature, thermal effects dominate the force of friction
Efficient algorithm for ARMA spectral estimation

An ARMA spectral estimation technique based on the modified Yule-Walker equations is presented. Several recursive lattice algorithms are proposed for estimating the AR and MA spectral parameters. These computationally efficient algorithms provide spectral estimates of different orders. The choice of the AR model order and its effect on the quality of the spectral estimates are briefly discussed.
The Young Measure Representation for Weak Cluster Points of Sequences in $M$-spaces of Measurable Functions

Let 〈X,Y 〉 be a duality pair of M -spaces X,Y of measurable functions from Ω ⊂ R into R. The paper deals with Y -weak cluster points φ of the sequence φ(·, zj(·)) in X, where zj : Ω → R is measurable for j ∈ N and φ : Ω×R → R is a Carathéodory function. We obtain general sufficient conditions, under which, for some negligible set Aφ, the integral I(φ, νx) := Rm φ(x, λ) dνx(λ) exists for x ∈ Ω \ Aφ and φ(x) = I(φ, νx) on Ω \ Aφ, where ν = {νx}x∈Ω is a measurable-dependent family of Radon probability measures on R.
MAXIMUM MASS RATIO OF AM CVn-TYPE BINARY SYSTEMS AND MAXIMUM WHITE DWARF MASS IN ULTRA-COMPACT X-RAY BINARIES

SUMMARY: We recalculated the maximum white dwarf mass in ultra-compact X-ray binaries obtained in an earlier paper (Arbutina 2011), by taking the effects of super-Eddington accretion rate on the stability of mass transfer into account. It is found that, although the value formally remains the same (under the assumed approximations), for white dwarf masses M2 0.1MCh mass ratios are extremely low, implying that the result for Mmax is likely to have little if any practical relevance.
Bi-Level Dimmable LED Driver in Refrigerated Display Lighting Systems

Commercial refrigerated display lighting (RDL) systems require LED drivers to provide constant 24 V to multiple LED light bars connected in parallel, each with a built-in current regulator to maintain a constant output brightness. The system uses a passive infrared motion detector to detect approach of people and a dimmer controller to further reduce the power consumption of the LED light bars. RDL system typically requires 100% and 20% only brightness control, so the dimmer controller can be replaced by a 0–10 V dimmable LED driver. By connecting a fixed resistor to the 0–10 V dimming interface, the brightness output can be set to 20%. However, the wiring of this technique is complex. This brief presents a new bi-level dimmable LED driver design that uses an astable multivibrator and totem pole gate driver integrated PWM dimming circuit to achieve a 20% brightness output through a single dimming wire, simplifying system wiring. The driver’s dimming wire is connected to the 24 V output voltage through the AC-powered passive infrared motion detector’s built-in relay, turning on the PWM dimming circuit to generate a 20% duty square wave signal that drives the internal series MOSFET at a frequency higher than 1.25 kHz to avoid LED flicker. This new design has been proven to have the advantages of high efficiency, low cost and easy wiring, and it can replace dimmer controller and 0–10 V dimmable LED driver in RDL applications.
Telemedicine as a Tool to Improve Medicine Adherence in Patients with Affective Disorders – A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract Affective disorders are a common psychological impairment. A major problem with respect to treatment is medication non-adherence. eHealth interventions are already widely used in the treatment of patients living with affective disorders. The aim of this systematic literature review is to obtain the current scientific evidence to eHealth as a tool to improve medication adherence in patients with affective disorders. A systematic search was performed across PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and PsycInfo. Studies in English and German published between 2007 and 2020 were included. The review followed the PRISMA guidelines and were performed with the CADIMA online tool. A total of 17 articles were included in this review. Eleven studies were randomized controlled trials, two were controlled clinical trials, and four had a pre-/post-design. Three different types of interventions could be identified: internet-based self-management programs (n=4), multi-faceted interventions addressing different dimensions of medication adherence (n=4), and single-faceted interventions (n=9) comprising four mobile interventions and five telehealth interventions. Eleven interventions addressed patients with (comorbid) depressions and six addressed patients with bipolar disorders. Six interventions showed a statistically significant positive effect on medication adherence. None of the studies showed a statistically significant negative effect. All interventions which had a statistically significant positive effect on medication adherence involved personal contacts between therapists and patients. All included eHealth interventions are at least as effective as control conditions and seems to be effective for patients with depression as well as with bipolar disorders. Personal contacts seem to improve the effectiveness of eHealth interventions. eHealth interventions are an effective way to improve medication adherence in patients with affective disorders. In rural or underserved regions, eHealth can supplement usual care interventions on medication adherence by expanding access. More analyses are needed in order to understand determinants for the effectiveness of eHealth interventions on medication adherence enhancement.
Human Neutrophils Generate Extracellular Vesicles That Modulate Their Functional Responses

Neutrophils influence innate and adaptive immunity by releasing various cytokines and chemokines, by generating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and by modulating their own survival. Neutrophils also produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) termed ectosomes, which influence the function of other immune cells. Here, we studied neutrophil-derived ectosomes (NDEs) and whether they can modulate autologous neutrophil responses. We first characterized EV production by neutrophils, following MISEV 2018 guidelines to facilitate comparisons with other studies. We found that such EVs are principally NDEs, that they are rapidly released in response to several (but not all) physiological stimuli, and that a number of signaling pathways are involved in the induction of this response. When co-incubated with autologous neutrophils, NDE constituents were rapidly incorporated into recipient cells and this triggered and/or modulated neutrophil responses. The pro-survival effect of GM-CSF, G-CSF, IFNγ, and dexamethasone was reversed; CXCL8 and NET formation were induced in otherwise unstimulated neutrophils; the induction of inflammatory chemokines by TNFα was modulated depending on the activation state of the NDEs’ parent cells; and inducible NET generation was attenuated. Our data show that NDE generation modulates neutrophil responses in an autocrine and paracrine manner, and indicate that this probably represents an important aspect of how neutrophils shape their environment and cellular interactions.
Mid-Term Results following Traumatic Knee Joint Dislocation

Purpose: Although treatment strategies of knee joint dislocations have evolved, there is still no consensus on the best method and timing. New therapeutic concepts suggest that early one-stage treatment, including suturing and bracing of the cruciate ligaments in acute knee joint dislocation, are leading to improved functional results. This study aimed to evaluate the midterm functional outcome following traumatic knee joint dislocation and to determine whether the outcome is influenced by the surgical management, patient habitus or concomitant injuries. Methods: In this retrospective single center study, 38 patients with acute Schenck type II to IV knee dislocations were treated over an eight-year period in a level I trauma center. At follow-up, various clinical scores, such as the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Score, Lysholm Score, and Tegner Activity Scale (TAS), and individual questions about rehabilitation and activity levels of 38 patients were evaluated. Results: Mean follow-up was 5.5 ± 2.7 years. The mean IKDC Score was 65.6 ± 15.7 points, the average Lysholm Score was 70.5 ± 16.4 points and the median TAS was 4 (0–7), resulting in a loss of activity of 2 (range 0–6) points. There was no significant difference between a one-stage treatment compared to a two-stage approach. Ligament reconstruction of the ACL in a two-stage approach was required in only 33.3%. Further operations (early and late) were performed in 37% of cases. Being overweight was associated with more complications and worse outcomes, and external fixation with arthrofibrosis. Conclusions: Knee dislocation is a severe trauma that often leads to a prolonged loss of function and increased knee pain over years, affecting the patient’s activity. Clinical outcome is influenced significantly by concomitant injuries. Severe cases with initial external fixation are associated with a higher risk of knee stiffness and should be considered during rehabilitation. Obese patients present a challenge due to higher complication rates and lower postoperative knee function. Level of evidence: Retrospective single center study, level III.