Poor nutrition-related policies and practices of global food companies under the spotlight

Several papers in the current issue of Public Health Nutrition highlight important issues with respect to practices of food companies and public health nutrition in different countries. A number of papers investigate the sodium content of processed and fast foods. Prentice et al. report on the high sodium content of fast foods in New Zealand. Similarly, Kraemer et al. describe the high sodium content of processed foods in Brazil and identify substantial potential for reducing sodium levels in most food products. Saavedra-Garcia et al. examine the feasibility of salt reduction in bread. Encouragingly, their study in Peru demonstrates that the introduction of bread with a 20% reduction in salt is feasible without affecting bakery sales. These findings are supported by the study by Quilez et al. in Spain who found that efforts to reduce salt in bread by 27% did not deter product sales. Two papers investigate health and nutrition claims on packaged foods. Kaur et al. found that the nutrient profile of products carrying claims in the UK was only marginally healthier than for similar products without claims, suggesting that claims may have some, albeit limited, informational value. Mayhew et al. found that chip and sweet biscuit packages in countries with health and nutrition claim regulations had a higher number of claims and promotional marketing techniques directed at children than in countries without such regulations. In their study of another aspect of product packaging and labelling, Poelman et al. found substantial inconsistency in package sizes and manufacturer-recommended serving sizes of sweet beverages within and between four highincome countries, and they call for serving size regulations that would provide consistency and assist individuals in making healthier food choices. Given that the principal objective of a company is to maximise shareholder value, a key challenge for public health policy makers and civil society organisations seeking to engage with food companies is to understand the many and varied factors that company executives take into account in seeking to maximise shareholder value. These factors potentially include competition from other companies in the supply chain, demand for substitute products, stakeholder perceptions, and environmental and social issues. Greater understanding of these influences can help predict corporate behaviour and identify opportunities for companies to meet their objectives in ways that are consistent with public health goals. It can also contribute to the identification of specific areas where voluntary company action is unlikely and government legislation is necessary. The importance of monitoring food companies and holding them to account for their nutrition policies and practices is the rationale behind the Access to Nutrition Index (ATNI). ATNI measures and benchmarks the nutrition-related commitments, performance and disclosure practices of food and beverage manufacturers to enable comparison of company performance with reference to international norms and standards. ATNI is published by the Access to Nutrition Foundation, an independent non-profit organisation based in the Netherlands, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Wellcome Trust and the Children’s Investment Fund Foundation. The ATNI methodology was developed with input from a wide range of stakeholders including academics, policy makers and representatives from non-government organisations, the food industry and investment firms. The recently released 2016 ATNI assessed twenty-two of the largest international food and beverage corporations in eight domains including their nutrition governance and management, their approach to formulating and delivering products, and their efforts to influence consumer choice and behaviour. This assessment was based on information in the public domain and other information provided directly by companies, some of which is subject to non-disclosure agreements, as part of the ATNI research process. The overall results of the 2016 ATNI assessment are dominated by low scores. Only two companies had an overall summary score above 5 on a 10-point scale and the majority of companies scored below 3. These results indicate that, across the board, the world’s largest food and beverage manufacturers are falling far short of the public health community’s expectations with respect to their nutrition commitments, practices and public disclosure, with substantial room for improvement. While some companies performed reasonably well (above 7) in particular domains (such as product formulation and responsible marketing), companies generally scored lowest on labelling (information display, health and nutrition claims made) and on accessibility (pricing and distribution) of healthy products. Companies also performed poorly with respect to their engagement with stakeholders, and particularly in regard to their lobbying and influence on governments and policy makers. While direct comparison with the inaugural (2013) ATNI assessment is not Public Health Nutrition: 19(6), 955–957 doi:10.1017/S1368980016000549