Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information transfer through a one-atom micromaser

We consider a realistic model for the one-atom micromaser consisting of a cavity maintained in a steady state by the streaming of two-level Rydberg atoms passing one at a time through it. We show that it is possible to monitor the robust entanglement generated between two successive experimental atoms passing through the cavity by the control decoherence parameters. We calculate the entanglement of formation of the joint two-atom state as a function of the micromaser pump parameter. We find that this is in direct correspondence with the difference of the Shannon entropy of the cavity photons before and after the passage of the atoms for a reasonable range of dissipation parameters. It is thus possible to demonstrate information transfer between the cavity and the atoms through this set-up.
The principle of strictly increasing mixing character in incompatible general measurement

It is known that the density operators rho of a quantal system are grouped into classes of equally mixed ones. The class to which rho belongs is its so-called mixing character. The set of classes is known to be a lattice. The Ruch and Mead (1976) principle of increasing mixing character in complete measurement is extended to general observables. It is shown that the principle of strictly increasing mixing character holds in general incompatible measurement, and some consequences are discussed. A sufficient condition for strictly mixing homomorphic functionals, i.e. for those which preserve the 'strictly larger' relation in the lattice, is obtained. Density-operator-dependent strengthening of the natural pre-order in the set of general observables is investigated.
Non-linear outcome of gravitational instability in an irradiated protoplanetary disc

Using local three dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations, the nonlinear outcome of gravitational instability in an irradiated protoplanetary disc is investigated in a parameter space of the surface density $\Sigma$ and the radius $r$. Starting from laminar flow, axisymmetric self-gravitating density waves grow first. Their self-gravitating degree becomes larger when $\Sigma$ is larger or the cooling time is shorter at larger radii. The density waves eventually collapse owing to non-axisymmetric instability, which results in either fragmentation or gravito-turbulence after a transient phase. The boundaries between the two are found at $r \sim 75$ AU as well as at the $\Sigma$ that corresponds to the initial Toomre's parameter of $\sim 0.2$. The former boundary corresponds to the radius where the cooling time becomes short, approximating unity. Even when gravito-turbulence is established around the boundary radius, such a short cooling time inevitably makes the fluctuation of $\Sigma$ large enough to trigger fragmentation. On the other hand, when $\Sigma$ is beyond the latter boundary (i.e. the initial Toomre's parameter is less than $\sim 0.2$), the initial laminar flow is so unstable against self-gravity that it evolves into fragmentation regardless of the radius or, equivalently, the cooling time. Runaway collapse follows fragmentation when the mass concentration at the centre of a bound object is high enough that the temperature exceeds the H$_2$ dissociation temperature.
Microwave spectroscopy of singlet Mg I in L = 0–4 Rydberg states

Microwave resonances among high-lying spin-singlet Rydberg levels in neutral Mg have been measured with approximately 1 MHz accuracy for principal quantum numbers n = 25–40 and orbital angular momentum L = 0–4. P, D and F levels were excited by multistep laser excitation in an atomic beam, and one- or two-quantum microwave transitions to nearby levels having Δn = 0, 1 or 2 at frequencies 79–234 GHz were detected by pulsed field ionization. Quantum defects and Ritz expansion coefficients were obtained for S, P, D, F and G levels from a global analysis in which it was unnecessary, within experimental accuracy, to make any allowance for channel perturbation from the Mg I 3p2 1D2 doubly excited configuration. The present results allow prediction and identification of Rydberg transition frequencies in Mg I, for instance in radio recombination lines from the interstellar medium, with accuracy greater by two or three orders of magnitude than previously possible.
Asteroseismology of the Pre-main-sequence δ Scuti Pulsator IP Persei

A grid of theoretical models are computed to fit the nine oscillation modes of IP Per detected earlier from a multi-site ground-based campaign. Fitting results show that there are two sets of theoretical models that could reproduce the observed frequencies more or less equally as well. In view of other available spectroscopic and photometric measurements, our best-fitting stellar parameters for IP Per are km s−1, , M⊙, K, , dex, R⊙, s, and age = Myr. Meanwhile, IP Per is found to be a pre-main-sequence star where the CN cycle has not yet reached the equilibrium state. At present, 14% of C12 have been turned into N14. Based on the best-fitting model, f6 is identified as a radial mode, f1 and f2 as two dipole modes, and f3, f4, f5, f7, f8, and f9 as six quadrupole modes.
Further examination of the relationship between overshoot and filtering

In a previous experiment, threshold was measured for a brief duration probe positioned temporally at the onset of a broadband masker, with and without a broadband precursor, to determine the amount of overshoot. The probe level was then fixed 10 dB above the threshold levels determined in the overshoot experiment, and a notched‐noise masker was varied in level to estimate filter shape, with and without a precursor. In general, filters were broader and the signal‐to‐noise ratio at threshold, k, was lower following a precursor, but there was not a clear relationship between the amount of change in the filters and overshoot. In the present study, filter shapes were measured with the probe level set at the threshold from the overshoot experiment, rather than 10 dB above. Results revealed that the change in k is in general closely related to the amount of overshoot (which would be expected) and also that there is at least some relationship between the change in filter width and the amount of overshoot. The stu.
Wide-area surveillance with multiple cameras using distributed compressive imaging

In order to image a large area with a required resolution, a traditional camera would have to scan a smaller field-of-view until the entire area of interest is covered, thus losing persistence. Using a large sensor would result in high bandwidth data streams along with expensive and heavy equipment. Ideally, one would like to sense (or measure) a large number of pixels with a very limited set of measurements. In such a scenario the theory of compressive sensing may be put to use. A single sensor compressive imager for the wide area surveillance problem has been postulated and shown to be effective in detecting moving targets in a wide area. In this paper we look at the compressive imaging problem by assuming we have multiple cameras at our disposal. We show that we can get significant benefit in image reconstruction from multiple cameras measuring overlapped fields-of-view without any intra-camera communications and under significant transmission bandwidth constraints. We also show analysis and experiments which suggest that we can register these multiple cameras given only the random projective measurements from each camera.
Asymptotic properties of the quantum representations of the mapping class group

We establish various results on the large level limit of projective quantum representations of surface mapping class groups obtained by quantizing moduli spaces of flat SU(n)-bundle. Working with the metaplectic correction, we proved that these projective representations lift to asymptotic representations. We show that the operators in these representations are Fourier integral operators and determine explicitly their canonical relations and symbols. We deduce from these facts the Egorov property and the asymptotic unitarity, two results already proved by J.E. Andersen. Furthermore we show under a transversality assumption that the characters of these representations have an asymptotic expansion. The leading order term of this expansion agrees with the formula derived heuristically by E. Witten in "Quantum field theory and the Jones polynomial".
The X-Ray Properties of Nearby Abell Clusters from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey: The Sample and Correlations with Optical Properties

We present an analysis of the X-ray emission for a complete sample of 288 Abell clusters spanning the redshift range 0.016 ≤ z ≤ 0.09 from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey. This sample is based on our 20 cm VLA survey of nearby Abell clusters. We find an X-ray detection rate of 83%. We report cluster X-ray fluxes and luminosities and two different flux ratios indicative of the concentration and extent of the emission. We examine correlations between the X-ray luminosity, Abell richness, and Bautz-Morgan and Rood-Sastry cluster morphologies. We find a strong correlation between LX and cluster richness coupled with a dependence on the optical morphological type. These results are consistent with the observed scatter between X-ray luminosity and temperature and a large fraction of cooling flows. For each cluster field, we also report the positions, peak X-ray fluxes, and flux ratios of all X-ray peaks above 3 σ significance within a box of 2 × 2 h Mpc centered on Abell's position.
Probing sterile neutrinos in the framework of inverse seesaw mechanism through leptoquark productions

We consider an extension of the Standard Model (SM) augmented by two neutral singlet fermions per generation and a leptoquark. In order to generate the light neutrino masses and mixing, we incorporate inverse seesaw mechanism. The right handed neutrino production in this model is significantly larger than the conventional inverse seesaw scenario. We analyze the different collider signatures of this model and find that the final states associated with three or more leptons, multi jet and at least one b-tagged and (or) $\tau$-tagged jet can probe larger RH neutrino mass scale. We have also proposed a same-sign dilepton signal region associated with multiple jets and missing energy that can be used to distinguish the the present scenario from the usual inverse seesaw extended SM.
Deformations des extensions larges de faisceaux

Let X be a projective smooth irreducible polarized variety over the field of complex numbers. Typical examples of wide extensions are vector bundles E that have a subsheaf F whose slope is much bigger than the slope of E/ F, and such that F and E/F are stable. We study the deformations of such bundles. The case of unstable rank 2 bundles has been considered by S. A. Stromme on P 2 , and by C. Bănică on P 3 . We build moduli spaces of wide extensions, and if the dimension of X is greater than 2, it may even happen that we obtain fine moduli spaces.
Dynamics of subpicosecond temporal solitons in Kerr-type media

An analytic approach to describe subpicosecond soliton dynamics is presented. It is argued that the modified nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation containing a nonlinearity dispersion term should be considered as a true basic integrable model in the subpicosecond region, instead of a perturbed NLS equation. Unique features to improve performance characteristics of optical systems in the subpicosecond region by matching properly soliton and medium parameters are illustrated by several examples, among which are dispersion-managed solitons and solitons in a nonlocal Kerr medium.
Ellipsoidal impulse responses in fractured media.

Multiple vertical fracture sets, combined with horizontal fine layering produce an equivalent medium of orthorhombic or monoclinic symmetry. This is particularly important in fracture reservoir characterization. Fractured reservoirs are azimuthal anisotropic with respect to elastic-wave propagation. In this work we introduce an ellipsoidal approximation for monoclinic media that is able to characterized fractured media near the vertical axis of symmetry. The procedure is basically two-fold. First, we estimate phase velocities near the vertical axis using an expansion of the slowness. Secondly, the phase velocities are used to build the group velocities near the vertical axis. We particularly establish that for monoclinic media ellipsoidal functions in the phase domain correspond to ellipsoidal functions in the group domain. Finally, in order to validate the approximation, the $P$, $S_1$ and $S_2$ ellipsoidal impulse responses are compared for different polar angles with the exact responses obtained by solving numerically the eigenvectors problem from the Christoffel equation. Examples are shown for monoclinic media, and are validated showing results from a previous work for orthorhombic media. The whole procedure is valid for homogeneous media.
Big-bang nucleosynthesis with unstable gravitino and upper bound on the reheating temperature

We study the effects of unstable gravitino on big-bang nucleosynthesis. If the gravitino mass is smaller than {approx}10 TeV, primordial gravitinos produced after inflation are likely to decay after big-bang nucleosynthesis starts, and light-element abundances may be significantly affected by hadro and photodissociation processes as well as by p{r_reversible}n conversion process. We calculate the light-element abundances and derive upper bounds on the reheating temperature after inflation. In our analysis, we calculate decay parameters of the gravitino (i.e. lifetime and branching ratios) in detail. In addition, we perform a systematic study of the hadron spectrum produced by the gravitino decay, taking account of all the hadrons produced by the decay products of the gravitino (including the daughter superparticles). We discuss model dependence of the upper bound on the reheating temperature.
Low mass X-ray binaries in the Inner Galaxy: implications for millisecond pulsars and the GeV excess

If millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are responsible for the excess gamma-ray emission observed from the region surrounding the Galactic Center, the same region should also contain a large population of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). In this study, we compile and utilize a sizable catalog of LMXBs observed in the the Milky Way's globular cluster system and in the Inner Galaxy, as well as the gamma-ray emission observed from globular clusters, to estimate the flux of gamma rays predicted from MSPs in the Inner Galaxy. From this comparison, we conclude that only up to ∼ 4-23% of the observed gamma-ray excess is likely to originate from MSPs. This result is consistent with, and more robust than, previous estimates which utilized smaller samples of both globular clusters and LMXBs. If MSPs had been responsible for the entirety of the observed excess, INTEGRAL should have detected ∼ 103 LMXBs from within a 10̂ radius around the Galactic Center, whereas only 42 LMXBs (and 46 additional LMXB candidates) have been observed.
Synthetic direct demodulation method and its applications in Insight-HXMT data analysis

Aims. A modulation equation relates the observed data to the object where the observation is approximated by a linear system. Reconstructing the object from the observed data is therefore equivalent to solving the modulation equation. In this work we present the synthetic direct demodulation (synDD) method to reduce the dimensionality of a general modulation equation and solve the equation in its sparse representation. Methods. A principal component analysis is used to reduce the dimensionality of the kernel matrix and k-means clustering is applied to its sparse representation in order to decompose the kernel matrix into a weighted sum of a series of circulant matrices. The matrix-vector and matrix-matrix multiplication complexities are therefore reduced from polynomial time to linear-logarithmic time. A general statistical solution of the modulation equation in sparse representation is derived. Several data-analysis pipelines are designed for the Hard X-ray modulation Telescope (Insight-HXMT) based on the synDD method. Results. In this approach, a large set of data originating from the same object but sampled irregularly and/or observed with different instruments in multiple epochs can be reduced simultaneously in a synthetic observation model. We suggest using the proposed synDD method in Insight-HXMT data analysis especially for the detection of X-ray transients and monitoring time-varying objects with scanning observations.
AN EMPIRICAL UBV RI JHK COLOR–TEMPERATURE CALIBRATION FOR STARS

A collection of Johnson/Cousins photometry for stars with known [Fe/H] is used to generate color–color relations that include the abundance dependence. Literature temperature and bolometric correction (BC) dependences are attached to the color relations. The JHK colors are transformed to the Bessell & Brett homogenized system. The main result of this work is the tabulation of seven colors and the V-band BC as a function of Teff, log g, and [Fe/H] for −1.06 < V − K < 10.2 and an accompanying interpolation program. Improvements to the present calibration would involve filling photometry gaps, obtaining more accurate and on-system photometry, knowing better log g and [Fe/H] values, improving the statistics for data-impoverished groups of stars such as metal-poor K dwarfs, applying small tweaks in the processing pipeline, and obtaining better empirical temperature and BC relations, especially for supergiants and M stars. A way to estimate dust extinction from M dwarf colors is pointed out.
Active Cryovolcanism on Europa?

Evidence for plumes of water on Europa has previously been found using the Hubble Space Telescope using two different observing techniques. Roth et al. found line emission from the dissociation products of water. Sparks et al. found evidence for off-limb continuum absorption as Europa transited Jupiter. Here, we present a new transit observation of Europa that shows a second event at the same location as a previous plume candidate from Sparks et al., raising the possibility of a consistently active source of erupting material on Europa. This conclusion is bolstered by comparison with a nighttime thermal image from the Galileo Photopolarimeter-Radiometer that shows a thermal anomaly at the same location, within the uncertainties. The anomaly has the highest observed brightness temperature on the Europa nightside. If heat flow from a subsurface liquid water reservoir causes the thermal anomaly, its depth is ≈1.8–2 km, under simple modeling assumptions, consistent with scenarios in which a liquid water reservoir has formed within a thick ice shell. Models that favor thin regions within the ice shell that connect directly to the ocean, however, cannot be excluded, nor modifications to surface thermal inertia by subsurface activity. Alternatively, vapor deposition surrounding an active vent could increase the thermal inertia of the surface and cause the thermal anomaly. This candidate plume region may offer a promising location for an initial characterization of Europa’s internal water and ice and for seeking evidence of Europa’s habitability.
CXOGBS J174954.5−294335: a new deeply eclipsing intermediate polar

We present the results of a photometric and spectroscopic analysis of the Galactic Bulge Survey X-ray source CXOGBS J174954.5-294335 (hereafter, referred to as CX19). CX19 is a long period, eclipsing intermediate polar type cataclysmic variable with broad, single-peaked Balmer and Paschen emission lines along with HeII $\lambda4686$ and Bowen blend emission features. With coverage of one full and two partial eclipses and archival photometry, we determine the ephemeris for CX19 to be HJD(eclipse) = 2455691.8581(5) + 0.358704(2)$\times$N. We also recovered the white dwarf spin period of P$_{\rm spin}$ = 503.32(3) seconds which gives a P$_{\rm spin}$/P$_{\rm orb}$ = 0.016(6), comparable to several confirmed, long period intermediate polars. CX19 also shows a clear X-ray eclipse in the 0.3-8.0 keV range observed with Chandra. Two optical outbursts were observed lasting between 6-8 hours (lower limits) reaching $\sim$1.3 mags in amplitude. The outbursts, both in duration and magnitude, the accretion disc dominated spectra and hard X-ray emission are reminiscent of the intermediate polar V1223 Sgr sharing many of the same characteristics. If we assume a main sequence companion, we estimate the donor to be an early G-type star and find a minimum distance of $d \approx$ 2.1 kpc and a 0.5-10.0 keV X-ray luminosity upper limit of 2.0 $\times$ 10$^{33}$ erg s$^{-1}$. Such an X-ray luminosity is consistent with a white dwarf accretor in a magnetic cataclysmic variable system. To date, CX19 is only the second deeply-eclipsing intermediate polar with X-ray eclipses and the first which is optically accessible.
Andre' permutations, right-to-left and left-to-right minima

We provide enumerative results concerning right-to-left minima and left- to-right minima in Andre' permutations of the first and second kind. For both the two kinds, the distribution of right-to-left and left-to-right minima is the same. We provide generating functions and associated asymptotics results. Our approach is based on the tree-structure of Andre' permutations.
Disk Masses around Solar-mass Stars are Underestimated by CO Observations

Gas in protostellar disks provides the raw material for giant planet formation and controls the dynamics of the planetesimal-building dust grains. Accurate gas mass measurements help map the observed properties of planet-forming disks onto the formation environments of known exoplanets. Rare isotopologues of carbon monoxide (CO) have been used as gas mass tracers for disks in the Lupus star-forming region, with an assumed interstellar CO/H2 abundance ratio. Unfortunately, observations of T-Tauri disks show that CO abundance is not interstellar, a finding reproduced by models that show CO abundance decreasing both with distance from the star and as a function of time. Here, we present radiative transfer simulations that assess the accuracy of CO-based disk mass measurements. We find that the combination of CO chemical depletion in the outer disk and optically thick emission from the inner disk leads observers to underestimate gas mass by more than an order of magnitude if they use the standard assumptions of interstellar CO/H2 ratio and optically thin emission. Furthermore, CO abundance changes on million-year timescales, introducing an age/mass degeneracy into observations. To reach a factor of a few accuracy for CO-based disk mass measurements, we suggest that observers and modelers adopt the following strategies: (1) select low-J transitions; (2) observe multiple CO isotopologues and use either intensity ratios or normalized line profiles to diagnose CO chemical depletion; and (3) use spatially resolved observations to measure the CO-abundance distribution.
Spatially resolved K-Auger emission of hyperthermal highly charged ions at an Al(111) surface

Within the framework of a scattering model for electrons leaving the solid, the location of emission of Auger electrons ejected by highly charged H-like and He-like ions impinging on Al(111) can be determined when comparing the Auger electron spectra at observation angles 45° and 0.8° with respect to the surface plane. The distinct modifications of the spectra due to plasmon energy loss structures allow to attribute locations of emission to specific K-Auger processes of H-like and metastable He-like C5,4 + ions and N6,5 + at 1 eV per charge experimental vertical kinetic energy.