Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alteration minerals, fluids, and gases on early Mars: Predictions from 1‐D flow geochemical modeling of mineral assemblages in meteorite ALH 84001

Clay minerals, although ubiquitous on the ancient terrains of Mars, have not been observed in Martian meteorite Allan Hills (ALH) 84001, which is an orthopyroxenite sample of the early Martian crust with a secondary carbonate assemblage. We used a low‐temperature (20 °C) one‐dimensional (1‐D) transport thermochemical model to investigate the possible aqueous alteration processes that produced the carbonate assemblage of ALH 84001 while avoiding the coprecipitation of clay minerals. We found that the carbonate in ALH 84001 could have been produced in a process, whereby a low‐temperature (~20 °C) fluid, initially equilibrated with the early Martian atmosphere, moved through surficial clay mineral and silica‐rich layers, percolated through the parent rock of the meteorite, and precipitated carbonates (thereby decreasing the partial pressure of CO2) as it evaporated. This finding requires that before encountering the unweathered orthopyroxenite host of ALH 84001, the fluid permeated rock that became weathered during the process. We were able to predict the composition of the clay minerals formed during weathering, which included the dioctahedral smectite nontronite, kaolinite, and chlorite, all of which have been previously detected on Mars. We also calculated host rock replacement in local equilibrium conditions by the hydrated silicate talc, which is typically considered to be a higher temperature hydrothermal phase on Earth, but may have been a common constituent in the formation of Martian soils through pervasive aqueous alteration. Finally, goethite and magnetite were also found to precipitate in the secondary alteration assemblage, the latter associated with the generation of H2. Apparently, despite the limited water–rock interaction that must have led to the formation of the carbonates ~ 3.9 Ga ago, in the vicinity of the ALH 84001 source rocks, clay formation would have been widespread.
Schisandra chinensis Bee Pollen Ameliorates Colitis in Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Regulating Treg/Th17 Balance

Colitis is a chronic disease associated with alterations in the composition of gut microbiota. Schisandra chinensis bee pollen extract (SCPE) has been proved to be rich in phenolic compounds and effective in modulating gut microbiota, but its effect on colitis and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study investigates the relationship between colitis amelioration and the gut microbiota regulation of SCPE via fecal microbial transplantation (FMT). The results showed that administration of 20.4 g/kg BW of SCPE could primely ameliorate colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice, showing as more integration of colon tissue structure and the colonic epithelial barrier, as well as lower oxidative stress and inflammation levels compared with colitis mice. Moreover, SCPE supplement restored the balance of T regulatory (Treg) cells and T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Gut microbiota analysis showed SCPE treatment could reshape the gut microbiota balance and improve the abundance of gut microbiota, especially the beneficial bacteria (Akkermansia and Lactobacillus) related to the production of short-chain fatty acids and the regulation of immunity. Most importantly, the protection of 20.4 g/kg BW of SCPE on colitis can be perfectly transmitted by fecal microbiota. Therefore, the gut microbiota–SCFAS–Treg/Th17 axis can be the main mechanism for SCPE to ameliorate colitis. This study suggests that SCPE can be a new promising functional food for prevention and treatment of colitis by reshaping gut microbiota and regulating gut immunity.
Effects of Planting Densities on Radiation Resource Utilization of the Wheat Colony

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate radiation resource utilization of colony in different planting densities of a winter wheat cultivar Shixin828. It was studied under four different density levels(210 × 104 (D1) , 270 × 104(D2) ,330 × 104 (D3) and 390 × 104 (D4) basis seedlings per ha) . The results indicated that the dsnsity could remarkably influence the radiation utilization. The D3 treatment had the rational size of colony and Leaf area index and had apparent advantages in Light distribution,coefficient and radiation use efficiency of total biological yield at late growth period,with the grain yield and radiation use efficiency of grain yield of it being higher than that of the others significantly. The D1 and D2 treatments had apparent advantages in light transmission rate and net assimilation rate,but it had less Leaf area and dry matter accumulation as a result of less colony; Leaf area index and photosynthetic potential of the D4 treatment was higher than that of the others significantly,but it had apparent disadvantages in net assimilation rate,extinction coefficient and radiation use efficiency of total biological yield at late growth period with close microclimate as a result of great colony; both above reducing yield and radiation use efficiency of grain yield. The winter wheat had the best Light distribution,assimilative capability and suitable dry matter accumulation, with nutriment transporting to grain and its radiation use efficiency of grain yield being up to 0. 572% ,by rational ap-plication of planting densities.
A voxel-level resting-state fMRI study on patients with alcohol use disorders based on a power spectrum slope analysis method

Background Earlier neuroimaging investigations showed that abnormal brain activity in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) was frequency dependent. However, there is lacking of a comprehensive method to capture the amplitude of multi-frequency bands directly. Here, we used a new method, the power spectrum slope (PSS) to explore abnormal spontaneous activity of brain in patients with AUD. Methods Thirty-three AUD patients and 29 healthy controls (HCs) enrolled in this study. The coefficient b and the power-law slope b’ were calculated and compared between two groups. We also used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to examine the ability of the PSS analysis to distinguish between AUD and HCs. We next examined the correlation between PSS difference in the brain areas and the severity of alcohol dependence. Results Thirty AUD patients and 26 HCs were retained after head motion correction. The two metrics of PSS values increased in the left precentral gyrus in AUD patients. The area under the curve values of PSS differences in the specific brain area were respectively 0.836 and 0.844, with sensitivities of 86.7% and 83.3% and specificities of 73.1% and 76.9%. The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) and Alcohol drinking scale (ADS) scores were not significantly correlated with the PSS values in the specific brain area. Conclusion As a novel method, the PSS can well detect abnormal local brain activity in the AUD patients and may offer new insights for future fMRI studies.
A Temporary Acrylic Soft Denture Lining Material Enriched with Silver-Releasing Filler-Cytotoxicity, Mechanical and Antifungal Properties

Colonization of temporary denture soft linings and underlying tissues by yeast-like fungi is an important clinical problem due to the negative influence on the process of prosthetic treatment. Typical hygienic procedures are often insufficient to prevent fungal infections, so in this study, an antimicrobial filler (silver sodium hydrogen zirconium phosphate) was introduced into acrylic soft liner at concentrations of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% (w/w). The effect of this modification on antifungal properties against Candida albicans, cytotoxicity, Shore A hardness, tensile strength and tensile bond strength, sorption and solubility was investigated, considering the recommended 30-day period of temporary soft lining use. The most favorable compilation of properties was obtained at a 1 to 6% filler content, for which nearly a total reduction in Candida albicans was registered even after 30 days of sample storing. The tensile and bond strength of these composites was at the desired and stable level and did not differ from the results for the control material. Hardness increased with the increasing concentration in filler but were within the range typical for soft lining materials and their changes during the experiment were similar to the control material. The materials were not cytotoxic and sorption and solubility levels were stable.
Active Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Element for Bidirectional Polarization Enhancement

This work presents a novel active reconfigurable intelligent surface element, which can amplify full polarization incident wave and reconfigure reflection phases. The element consists of three discrete parts, such as scattering patch, reconfigurable phase shifters (RPSs), and reflection amplifier. The scattering patch decomposes the incident wave into two orthogonal components and reradiates them to space with enhanced amplitude and modified phase. RPS comprises four $\boldsymbol{\pi}- \mathbf{type}$ resonators composed of inductors and varactors. By controlling the bias voltage of the varactor, the reflection phase of an element could be continuously adjusted. A class-E type reflection amplifier is employed to enhance the reflected waves with ultralow power consumption. The proposed element could be used for enhancing the full-polarization incident waves, which is of considerable significance in wireless communication applications such as Internet-of-Things, next-generation wireless communication networks, and spatial repeaters.
Decreased Runoff Response to Precipitation, Little Missouri River Basin, Northern Great Plains, USA

High variability in precipitation and streamflow in the semiarid northern Great Plains causes large uncertainty in water availability. This uncertainty is compounded by potential effects of future climate change. We examined historical variability in annual and growing season precipitation, temperature, and streamflow within the Little Missouri River Basin and identified differences in the runoff response to precipitation for the period 1976‐2012 compared to 1939‐1975 (n = 37 years in both cases). Computed mean values for the second half of the record showed little change (<5%) in annual or growing season precipitation, but average annual runoff at the basin outlet decreased by 22%, with 66% of the reduction in flow occurring during the growing season. Our results show a statistically significant (p < 0.10) 27% decrease in the annual runoff response to precipitation (runoff ratio). Surface‐water withdrawals for various uses appear to account for <12% of the reduction in average annual flow volume, and we found no published or reported evidence of substantial flow reduction caused by groundwater pumping in this basin. Results of our analysis suggest that increases in monthly average maximum and minimum temperatures, including >1°C increases in January through March, are the dominant driver of the observed decrease in runoff response to precipitation in the Little Missouri River Basin.
Regulation of inflammation during wound healing: the function of mesenchymal stem cells and strategies for therapeutic enhancement

A wound takes a long time to heal and involves several steps. Following tissue injury, inflammation is the primary cause of tissue regeneration and repair processes. As a result, the pathophysiological processes involving skin damage, healing, and remodeling depend critically on the control of inflammation. The fact that it is a feasible target for improving the prognosis of wound healing has lately become clear. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an innovative and effective therapeutic option for wound healing due to their immunomodulatory and paracrine properties. By controlling the inflammatory milieu of wounds through immunomodulation, transplanted MSCs have been shown to speed up the healing process. In addition to other immunomodulatory mechanisms, including handling neutrophil activity and modifying macrophage polarization, there may be modifications to the activation of T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and dendritic cells (DCs). Furthermore, several studies have shown that pretreating MSCs improves their ability to modulate immunity. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge about how MSCs influence local inflammation in wounds by influencing immunity to facilitate the healing process. We also provide an overview of MSCs optimizing techniques when used to treat wounds.
Rapid changes in glaciers and ice sheets and their impacts on sea level

Chapter Lead Author: Konrad Steffen,* CIRES, Univ. CO, Boulder Contributing Authors: Peter Clark,* Dept. of Geosciences, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis; Graham Cogley, Dept. of Geography, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario; David Holland, Courant Institute of Math. Sci., New York University, NY; Shawn Marshall,* Dept. of Geography, University of Calgary; Eric Rignot, UCI/ES, Irvine, CA, JPL/Caltech, Pasadena, CA, and and Centro de Estudios Cientificos, Valdivia, Chile; Robert Thomas, EG&G Services, NASA/GSFC/Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, VA, and Centro de Estudios Cientificos, Valdivia, Chile. *SAP 3.4 FACA Committee Member
Zwangsstörungen: Expositionsbehandlung und Besonderheiten der Kompaktbehandlung

Zwangsstörungen gehen häufig mit großem Leid für Betroffene und deren Angehörigen einher. Behandlung der ersten Wahl ist eine kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) mit Exposition. Bei der in Bergen (Norwegen) konzipierten 4-Tages-Behandlung („Bergen 4-Day Treatment“, B4DT) werden diese Expositionen in Blöcken angeboten. Der Beitrag stellt den Ablauf und die Wirksamkeit dieser Kompaktbehandlung vor.
Designing a Blockchain-based System for Wholesale Central Bank Digital Currency

Driven by advancements in financial technology, Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) has garnered significant interest, with over eighty percent of central banks worldwide exploring its potential in 2021. This paper aims to design and implement a wholesale Central Bank Digital Currency (w-CBDC) prototype using the Hyperledger Besu, an Ethereum Virtual Machine-based blockchain platform. To extend the contribution of this paper, an experiment is conducted by creating smart contracts as the basis of digital currency. The smart contract will handle w-CBDC functionalities, such as issuance, redemption, transfer, and Delivery versus Payment (DvP). The results show that implementing w-CBDC functionalities in Hyperledger Besu private blockchain can address the required functionalities. However, privacy remains a notable concern, as anyone running the node can see all the transaction activities on the blockchain.
Varvaria / Breberium / Bribir Archaeological Project: the 2015 excavation season

The present paper contains the interim report on the second season of fieldwork carried out at Bribirska Glavica by the Varvaria/Breberium/Bribir Archaeological Project. The text gives an overview of the field operations undertaken, their results and the archaeological finds excavated and studied during this season. This material relates both to the rotunda church and to built structures postdating it.
Expansion Limitation of Current Channel in Avalanche Transistors Under Voltage Ramp Triggering Conditions

To explain the frequent thermal failure of avalanche transistors (ATs) in Marx-bank circuits (MBCs), the process of current channel formation under voltage ramp triggering conditions is investigated. The current channel expansion is obvious when the transistor is triggered through the base. However, the channel expansion is limited in faster switching when the transistor is triggered by a voltage ramp with the base–emitter shorted. The position and width properties of current channel are observed by optical visualization and verified by corresponding physical models, respectively. The variations of dynamic electric field and current channel are analyzed. The results show that the excessive carriers in the initial period of switching accelerate the process of the voltage drop and cause the reconstruction of transverse electric field, which limits the current channel expansion. The temperature of the device rises in the current channel with limited conductive width and the irreversible thermal failure is formed. The consistency between the simulations and experimental results verifies the validity of the explanation and provides a reference for the optimization design of device and improvement of MBCs operation reliability.
DWOSC: Dynamic Weight Optimization and Smoothness Constraint for Sensor-Based Human Activity Recognition

The sensor-based human activity recognition (SHAR) task aims to detect and analyze signals captured by various sensors embedded in intelligent devices to assist people’s daily lives, which inherently have variations, spatial inconsistency, and noise characteristics. Inspired by the success of deep learning, many researchers have designed various neural network architectures to improve the SHAR model’s performance. Albeit effective, these manners are not optimal due to ignoring the imbalance and difficulty of interclass and intraclass of sensor inherently characteristic, which proposes the challenge for resource-constrained devices. To address this challenge, we present a simple and effective optimization strategy for sensor signal processing, including dynamic weight optimization (DWO) and smoothness constraint (SC) strategies, termed DWOSC, which provide a framework to optimize loss function and enhance activity recognition performance. The DWO aims to address the class imbalance and hard-to-recognize samples. The SC seeks to maintain the smoothness of decision boundaries for complex samples. This way, the proposed approach can achieve a more stable convergence of the model and further improve the SHAR task’s performance without raising complexity. Extensive experiments conducted on three benchmark SHAR datasets, e.g., OPPORTUNITY, University of Southern California Human Activity Dataset (USC-HAD), and UniMib, demonstrate the superiority of our method over the deep learning baselines and existing SHAR works.
Xenopus Sox11 Partner Proteins and Functional Domains in Neurogenesis

Sox11, a member of the SoxC family of transcription factors, has distinct functions at different times in neural development. Studies in mouse, frog, chick, and zebrafish show that Sox11 promotes neural fate, neural differentiation, and neuron maturation in the central nervous system. These diverse roles are controlled in part by spatial and temporal-specific protein interactions. However, the partner proteins and Sox11-interaction domains underlying these diverse functions are not well defined. Here, we identify partner proteins and the domains of Xenopus laevis Sox11 required for protein interaction and function during neurogenesis. Our data show that Sox11 co-localizes and interacts with Pou3f2 and Neurog2 in the anterior neural plate and in early neurons, respectively. We also demonstrate that Sox11 does not interact with Neurog1, a high-affinity partner of Sox11 in the mouse cortex, suggesting that Sox11 has species-specific partner proteins. Additionally, we determined that the N-terminus including the HMG domain of Sox11 is necessary for interaction with Pou3f2 and Neurog2, and we established a novel role for the N-terminal 46 amino acids in the specification of placodal progenitors. This is the first identification of partner proteins for Sox11 and of domains required for partner-protein interactions and distinct roles in neurogenesis.
Deformation of the Most Recent Co‐seismic Surface Ruptures Along the Garzê–Yushu Fault Zone (Dangjiang Segment) and Tectonic Implications For the Tibetan Plateau

The Garzê–Yushu strike‐slip fault in central Tibet is the locus of strong earthquakes (M > 7). The deformation and geometry of the co‐seismic surface ruptures are reflected in the surface morphology of the fault and depend on the structure of the upper crust as well as the pre‐existing tectonics. Therefore, the most recent co‐seismic surface ruptures along the Garzê–Yushu fault zone (Dangjiang segment) reveal the surface deformation of the central Tibetan Plateau. Remote sensing images and field investigations suggest a 85 km long surface rupture zone (striking NW‐NWW), less than 50 m wide, defined by discontinuous fault scarps, right‐stepping en echelon tensional cracks and left‐stepping mole tracks that point to a left‐lateral strike‐slip fault. The gullies that cross fault scarps record systematic left‐lateral offsets of 1.8 m to 5.0 m owing to the most recent earthquake, with moment magnitude of about M 7.5, in the Dangjiang segment. Geological and geomorphological features suggest that the spatial distribution of the 1738 co‐seismic surface rupture zone was controlled by the pre‐existing active Garzê–Yushu fault zone (Dangjiang segment). We confirm that the Garzê–Yushu fault zone, a boundary between the Bayan Har Block to the north and the Qiangtang Block to the south, accommodates the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau and generates strong earthquakes that release the strain energy owing to the relative motion between the Bayan Har and Qiangtang Blocks.
Seasonal climate summary southern hemisphere (spring 2014): El Niño continues to try to break through, and Australia has its warmest spring on record (again!)

Southern hemisphere circulation patterns and associated anomalies for the aus-tral spring 2014 are reviewed, with emphasis given to the Pacific Basin climate indicators and Australian rainfall and temperature patterns. Equatorial sea-surface temperatures in the Pacific warmed through the season, and the South-ern Oscillation just exceeded El Nino thresholds. However, although trade wind strength weakened at times, particularly late in the season, tropical cloudiness near the Date Line and trade wind strength were more often close to average, suggesting the atmosphere was still not firmly linked with the warmer ocean be-low. The negative Indian Ocean Dipole values of winter flipped to neutral or weakly positive values through spring. Pressures in the Australian and Maritime Continent regions were high. Around Antarctica, sea ice reached a record extent in September, with expansion most prominent in the Indian Ocean sector and north of the Ross Sea. Winds to the north of these regions were strong. The Antarctic ozone hole was of moderate severity, and of similar size to ozone holes in the early 1990s. Over Australia, it was the warmest spring on record, surpassing the record warm spring of 2013. A strong anomaly in the 200 hPa geopotential height persisted over the south-east of the country through October and November. Australia was particularly dry in the east through spring, but Western Australia received good rainfall. Column ozone levels in the Australian region were slightly above average and consistent with increased ozone transport to mid-latitudes associat-ed with the phase of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation