Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Defining and Using Reference Evapotranspiration

Values of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) are used with crop coefficients (KC) for many aspects of irrigation and water resources planning and management. More than a score of methods are used for estimating ET0. Estimated values vary widely due to the lack of standardization of the reference. Evaporation (ET) measured by lysimeters of various grasses and/or alfalfas has been used as the standard for developing estimating equations. Due to variation in the references used, some international organizations now wish to promote the use of a single equation or method to avoid the confusion caused by the current diversity. Different versions of the Penman combination equation have been proposed. The Research Center for the European Community and the ASCE Committee on Irrigation Requirements have evaluated various equations for estimating ET0. Due to its simplicity and the accuracy of estimates, the 1985 Hargreaves et al. equation is recommended for general use. ET0 is used in irrigation planning, design, an.
A Multiple Case Study of Sustainability Issues in Companies from Sugar and Ethanol Industrial Sector

The sugar cane and ethanol agricultural industrial sector has emerged as one of the most prominent industrial sectors in developing countries like Brazil. Sustainability issues are now more and more important and companies from this sector have been structured their operations to achievepositive results. One of the ways of doing that is by implementing an integrated quality and environmental management system. In this context, this paper aims at identifying the relevant practices related to integrated management systems in four organizations that belong to the sugar cane and ethanol industrial sector. Data were gathered through a questionnaire and semi-structuredinterviews. The paper highlights relevant issues in policy of the four units. An individual case description is made in addition to a cross-case comparison. As a result, an analysis of management systems in those units enables to raise important issues on how the studied companies take careof their environment economically and with their use for continuous improvement. Finally, the evidence shows a general concern for the environment although this is demonstrated by a culture of reducing residuals and the control of waste of natural resources.
Formation Model of Enterprise Information Capability Research Based on Information Behavior

This article innovatively puts forward that in the research of Chinese enterprise information practice, the construction of enterprise information capability should be combined with the enterprise information behavior. Firstly, on the basis of other scholars studies at home and abroad, the concept model of enterprise information capability is proposed; Secondly, the enterprise information behavior is divided into three types, the user, the IT staff and the organization information behavior, then the mechanism of how enterprise Information behavior acts on the formation of information capacity during life cycle of information system (IS) is discussed, at last the formation model of the enterprise information capability is brought forward.
Mechanical-sensorless induction motor drive based only on dc-link measurements

Sensor count reduction for high-performance induction motor (IM) drives is considered. A novel strategy to compute the three phase currents, based on a single current sensor and an adaptive observer, is proposed. The observer estimates the motor state variables, allowing then implementing an IM field-oriented controlled (FOC) drive with closed speed loop based only on DC-link measurements. To demonstrate the practical feasibility of this proposal, representative experimental results, obtained with a FOC experimental prototype, are presented. The FOC prototype showed results similar to those from a conventional FOC drive with individual phase current sensors. The sensor count reduction achieved represents a significant cost diminution in the implementation of low-power high-performance drives.
OPTIMAL DESIGN OF A FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER FOR CONTROL OF A CEMENT MILL PROCESS BY A GENETIC ALGORITHM

The knowledge base of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) encapsulates expert knowledge and consists of database (membership functions) and rule base of the controller. Optimization of both of these knowledge base components is critical to the performance of the controller and has traditionally been achieved through a process of trial and error. Such an approach is convenient for FLCs having low numbers of input variables; however for greater numbers of inputs, more formal methods of knowledge base optimization are required. Genetic algorithms (GAs) provide such a method to optimize the FLC parameters to be globally optimum. The FLC is optimized by GA for varying nonlinearity and set point in the plant. The proposed control algorithm was studied on the cement mill simulation model and with a real cement mill model using MATLAB and Simulink environments. Parameters of the simulation model were set up based on the actual cement mill characteristics. The performance of the proposed control technique is compared with various other control techniques. The results of the control study indicate that the proposed algorithm can fully prevent the mill from plugging and can control the cement mill circuit more effectively.
Compact and low power consuming frequency/phase multiplier MMICs for wireless LAN at S-band and C-band

Active, monolithically integrated S-band (1.1-2.2 GHz) and C-band (2.2-4.4 GHz) frequency/phase doublers with ultra-compact circuit areas of less than 0.6 mm/sup 2/ and 0.5 mm/sup 2/, respectively, are presented using a commercial 0.6 /spl mu/m GaAs MESFET technology. These circuits were designed for low-power-consuming adaptive antenna receivers, operating in accordance with the high-performance radio local area network (HIPERLAN) and 802.11a standards. Cascading of the two doublers enables phase control range quadruplication of low cost phase shifters with 90/spl deg/ phase control range in the local oscillator (LO) path. Thus, a phase control range of 360/spl deg/ with low amplitude variations is reached in the radio frequency (RF) path, as required for adaptive antenna combining. Simulations performed using the modified MESFET large signal model show excellent agreement with measured results. At an ultra-low supply voltage of 0.9 V, a supply current of 5.8 mA and an input power of only -8 dBm, a conversion gain of 0.5 dB was measured for the quadrupler circuit. To the knowledge of the authors, the circuits present the best results for frequency multipliers in terms of power consumption and miniaturisation, reported to date.
Electroactive-polymer-based microfluidic pump

A polymer microfluidic pump has been developed using electrostrictive poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) based polymer, which possesses a large electrostrictive strain (5-7%) and high elastic energy density (1 J/cm3), as the driving microactuator. The microfluidic pump was realized by integrating a nozzle/diffuser type fluidic mechanical-diode structure with the polymer microactuator, which shows an actuation deflection of 80 mm for a pumping chamber of 2.2x2. 2 mm2. The microfluidic pump could pump methanol at a flow rate of 25 mL/min at 63 Hz with a backpressure of 350 Pa. The flow rate of this pump could be easily controlled by external electrical field. Results from both analytical and numerical analysis show that, due to the high load capability of the microactuator, the frequency response of this nozzle/diffuser pump is mainly limited by the resonance of the fluid in the fluid channel.
Damage to microsprinkler riser assemblies from Selenisa sueroides caterpillars

Larvae of Selenisa sueroides (Guenee) are known to use the spaghetti tubing on microsprinkler assemblies in Florida citrus groves as alternate hosts to native plant species with hollow stems. The S. sueroides caterpillars chew holes in the spaghetti tubing in order to enter and pupate. An experiment was conducted to determine if S. sueroides caterpillars preferred certain materials or colors of spaghetti tubing over others. Emitter assemblies consisting of eight combinations of material and color were placed in plots of Aeschynomene americana (American jointvetch) and Aeschynomene evenia, known hosts to S. sueroides. Assemblies using tubing made from black polyethylene (poly) tubing had the highest percentage of assemblies in which at least one hole was started. Over 37% of the black poly assemblies were attacked as compared to less than 5% on two assemblies made from vinyl materials. Assemblies with black tubing had almost three times the percentage of assemblies attacked (at least one attempt per assembly) compared to tubing of other colors. In addition, the black assemblies averaged 3.1 attempts per unit as compared to 0.5 for tubing of other colors.
P‐14: a‐Si Robust Gate Driver for 7.0‐in. WVGA LCD Panel

We proposed an Hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin film transistors (a‐Si:H TFT) robust gate driver on glass substrate for the 7‐inch WVGA TFT‐LCD panel. By utilizing the specific design technique, the threshold voltage (Vth) shift of the a‐Si TFT in the gate driver can be compensated. Under reliability simulations, the gate driver can operates correctly over 8 days in 80 °C, although the Vth increased to ten times of the initial value. The integrated a‐Si TFT gate driver can effectively reduce the cost of TFT‐LCD manufacturing in the future.
Simple Estimation Scheme for Initial Rotor Position and Inductances for Effective MTPA-Operation in Wind-Power Systems using an IPMSM

This paper presents simple schemes used to estimate the initial rotor position and the d- and q-axis inductances for effective Maximum Torque per Ampere (MTPA) operation in a wind-power system using an IPMSM (Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine). An IPMSM essentially requires an exact coordinate transformation and accurate inductance values to use a reluctance torque caused by the saliency characteristic. In the proposed high-frequency voltage testing method, there is no voltage drop caused by the resistance and the electromotive force. The initial rotor position and the inductance can be measured through an analysis of the stator current without turning the rotor. The experimental results are presented in order to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method.
Fully embedded high Q circular stacked spiral inductors into organic substrate

In this paper, fully embedded circular‐stacked spiral inductors are investigated into a multilayered PCB substrate for low cost and miniaturized RF system on package (SOP) applications. The embedded circular‐stacked inductors are optimally designed to obtain high quality factor and self‐resonant frequency by using 3D EM simulator. The fabricated two‐turn circular‐stacked inductor has an inductance of 8.4 nH and a maximum quality factor of 67 at 1.2 GHz. The device size of the staked inductor is ∼65% of the planar inductor. The measured performance characteristics are well matched with the 3D EM‐simulated ones. The embedded circular stacked spiral inductors are promising for organic‐based SOP, which needs various functionality, low cost, small size and volume, and high packaging density. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1074–1077, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI.10. 1002/mop.22354
Sustainable Tourism Development on Water Front Tourism and Hospitality Practices at the Tourist Destination Site: The Case of Bahirdar City, Ethiopia

Water is needed in all aspects of life. Water obtained from rivers, lakes, springs and wells has been used for drinking, washing, agriculture, and manufacturing. Most of the Earth’s liquid fresh water is found, not in lakes and rivers, but is stored underground in aquifers. Tourism plays a significant role in the redevelopment of urban waterfronts. (Nguyen, 2010) Stated, there is no doubt that recreation and tourism can be used as catalysts for waterfront redevelopment. Many cities have developed from, and are located near, the waterside. The four ancient civilizations originated at riversides, because of the convenient water supply for drinking and irrigation, transport, and many other benefits. Around a third to half of the world's population lives near coastal areas. Even land, people prefer to live near streams, rivers, lakes or other water resources (Satyanaryana and Behailu, 2015).
First measurement of strain distribution along field-installed optical fibers using Brillouin spectroscopy

Strain distributions along optical fibers in a 1.3-km-long cable before and after installation are measured using Brillouin optical-fiber time domain analysis. The residual strains in the installed optical fibers were found to vary from zero to 0.07%, depending on the conduit configuration and installation procedure. Strain distribution measurements were carried out on a 24-fiber slotted-core type single-mode optical fiber cable for 1.55- mu m-wavelength transmission, whose length, outer diameter, and weight were 1.3 km, 14 mm, and 0.18 kg/m, respectively. No clear relation between strain distributions and the fiber configuration in the test cable are found. >
Effect of Driving Field and Temperature on the Response Behavior of Ferroelectric Actuator and Sensor Materials

Three commonly used ferroelectric actuator and sensor materials, namely polyvinylidene fluoride copolymers, lead zirconate titanate piezoceramics (PZT), and lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate relaxors (PMN-PT) at low PT content, are characterized with respect to temperature and driving field amplitude. It is shown that changes in the response and loss with the driving field amplitude are mainly caused by irreversible process and hysteresis effect in the materials, which are different from a nonlinear process. To analyze the driving field amplitude dependence of the response of a piezoelectric material, a representation is proposed which divides the material response behavior into three regions with increased driving field amplitude: 1) a linear response region, 2) a region with increased response sensitivity, nonlinearity and hysteresis, and 3) a saturation and depoling region. Based on this, the operating field limit is clearly defined for different materials and different applications. For ferroelectric relaxor materials, since the magnitude of the field induced piezoelectric coefficients depends on both the dielectric constant and the polarization level, a material with a smaller difference between the temperatures of depolarization and dielectric constant maximum will yield higher piezoelectric constants. In addition, the relaxor materials exhibit large nonlinear effects which may be useful in smart materials and structures.
Applying Support Vector Machines to Predict Tunnel Surrounding Rock Displacement

Displacement prediction of tunnel surrounding rock plays a significant role for safety estimation during tunnel construction. This paper presents an approach to use support vector machines (SVM) to predict tunnel surrounding rock displacement. A stepwise search is also introduced to optimize the parameters in SVM. The data of Fangtianchong tunnel is use to evaluate the proposed model. The comparison between artificial neural network (ANN) and SVM shows that SVM has a high-accuracy prediction than ANN. Results also show SVM seems to be a powerful tool for tunnel surrounding rock displacement prediction.
Real time swallowing measurement system by using photometric stereo

In this paper, we propose a measurement system to evaluate the swallowing by estimating the movement of the thyroid cartilage. We developed a measurement system based on the vision sensor in order to achieve the noncontact and non-invasive sensor. The movement of the subject’s thyroid cartilage is tracked by the three dimensional information of the surface of the skin measured by the photometric stereo. We constructed a camera system that uses near-IR light sources and three camera sensors. We conformed the effectiveness of the proposed system by experiments.
Design of Wideband Balanced Folded-Arms Dipole Antenna for Mobile Handsets

Abstract Investigations of a wideband balanced antenna for mobile handsets covering three bands—GSM1800, GSM1900, and UMTS—are presented. Balanced antennas have advantages in handset applications as they are less affected by juxtaposition with human tissue than unbalanced types. The antenna is a slotted planar dipole with its arms folded and not connected at their ends. The antenna is fed by a balanced voltage source. The antenna impedance was investigated using two different methods, including an S-parameter method and a mirror image method. For the purpose of antenna stability evaluation and power gain measurement, a wide bandwidth planar balun was adopted and modified to feed the antenna from an unbalanced source. For validation, prototypes of the antenna were fabricated and tested. The calculated and measured results in terms of return loss show good agreement and the results also show good wideband characteristics.
Development of an Agricultural Mobile Robot using a Geomagnetic Direction Sensor and Image Sensors

Abstract To solve the problem of labour shortage and the decrease in skilled agricultural workers, it is thought that mobile robots, which substitute for conventional tractors, will play an important role in the next century. This paper describes a mobile robot system, including a positioning system, using image sensors. A mobile robot which can be controlled by positions obtained from the image sensors and the heading angles from a geomagnetic direction sensor (GDS) has been developed. Because of its low cost, the GDS has recently been used in much research related to mobile robots. However, there are two major problems in using the GDS as a sensor: the error from magnetism which exists around the robot and the error from the robot inclinations. Owing to these error factors of the GDS and in order to utilize it effectively, a method is developed in this paper to refine the GDS output using neural networks (NN). The positioning system for the mobile robot is based on the principle of triangulation; it is composed of a main system and two subsystems both having a static image sensor. Each subsystem is able to follow the movement of the robot and to measure the angle to the robot using image analysis. The main system calculates the robot position using two angles from the subsystems and sends it to the robot using a telecommunication system. Finally, assuming that the robot will transport hay on a meadow, a control algorithm for the mobile robot system is developed, and a field test is conducted on grassland to evaluate the developed robot system. The average error of the final position for each target position was found to be about 0·4 m. The absolute maximum error and the r.m.s. error of the position for the predetermined path were about 0·51 m and 0·23 m, respectively, over all travels.
Artificial Immune Systems with Negative Selection Applied to Health Monitoring of Aeronautical Structures

In this paper we present a system for aircraft structural health monitoring based on artificial immune systems with negative selection. Inspired by a biological process, the principle of discrimination proper/non-proper, identifies and characterizes the signs of structural failure. The main application of this method is to assist in the inspection of aircraft structures, to detect and characterize flaws and decision making in order to avoid disasters. We proposed a model of an aluminum beam to perform the tests of the method. The results obtained by this method are excellent, showing robustness and accuracy.
LDPC based time-frequency double differential space-time coding for multi-antenna OFDM systems

Differential space-time coding was proposed recently in the literature for multi-antenna systems, where neither the transmitter nor the receiver knows the fading coefficients. Among existing schemes, double differential space-time (DDST) coding is of special interest because it is applicable to continuous fast time-varying channels. However, it is less effective in frequency-selective fading channels. This paper’ls authors derived a novel time-frequency double differential space-time (TF-DDST) coding scheme for multi-antenna orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in a time-varying frequency-selective fading environment, where double differential space-time coding is introduced into both time domain and frequency domain. Our proposed TF-DDST-OFDM system has a low-complexity non-coherent decoding scheme and is robust for time-and frequency-selective Rayleigh fading. In this paper, we also propose the use of state-of-the-art low-density parity-check (LDPC) code in serial concatenation with our TF-DDST scheme as a channel code. Simulations revealed that the LDPC based TF-DDST OFDM system has low decoding complexity and relatively better performance.
Distribution transformer overloading capability under cold-load pickup conditions

Greater use of electric heating in residential areas in North America has led to the appearance of a new type of thermal stress resulting from service restoration following a power outage. This loading condition, known as cold-load pickup, is simulated on a sample of 18 distribution transformers by applying overloads up to three times the rated current at ambient temperatures as low as -40 degrees C. The data gathered is used to develop a thermal model representing the transient behavior of distribution transformers. The results are then generalized to produce a loading guide for evaluation of maximum hot-spot temperatures and loss of life under given cold-load pickup conditions. >
Selecting ratings for capacitors and reactors in applications involving multiple single-tuned filters

This paper focuses on the selection of ratings for capacitors and air-core reactors used in multiple single-tuned harmonic filter configurations. Digital transient simulations of an example power system demonstrate the exceptionally high voltage and current stresses placed upon filter components in these configurations. Design guidelines for increasing the component ratings to account for the extra stresses are described. A comparison between traditional rating methods and the proposed methods are presented for the example system. >
Heat Transfer from a Conducting Hollow Cylinder

An analytical solution has been obtained for the conjugated problem of heat transfer from an infinite vertical hollow cylinder offinite thickness to the surrounding infinite quiescent fluid, following astep change in either heat flux or temperature, at the inner surface of cylinder. The effect of various non-dimensional parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles have been exhibited graphically.
Design and Implementation of Network Devices Monitoring System Based on SNMP

People requirement network reliability and security more and higher as the information age of the Internet to promote the rapid development of business and Internet using unceasingly thorough, network equipment, network structure is complicated. This paper design and implementation of a monitoring system to monitor the work status of the network equipment, visual display of various indicators of the network, in the equipment after failure to timely, automatically to the network administrator alarm.
[Probucol].

The purpose of this review article is twofold. It seeks to present an overview of research studies conducted on the many effects of probucol, and it demonstrates the interest in pursuing studies on probucol"s multiple specific actions and its future as a therapeutic agent. Within this article, the results of animal studies, experimental human studies, and clinical human studies are detailed, as is information on toxicology studies and on the side effects of the drug.