Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supercattering Channels of Nonspherical structurers

A superscattering structure is an efficient energy-mapping device that of particular importance for various electromagnetic experiment methods, with potential sensing and energy harvesting applications. We study in this work the scattering cross-section of outgoing channels in the irreducible and singular basis for an arbitrary shape scatterer. The superscattering status is shown to occur within a single outgoing channel of an optimized cluster of cylinders, a forbidden mechanism in spherically symmetric Mie resonators.
Feasibility investigation of rail monitoring by wheel-mounted acoustic emission technology using two-dimensional analytical contact acoustic nonlinearity model

In an attempt to analyze the feasibility of a rail monitoring scheme with a wheel-mounted acoustic emission measurement method, a two-dimensional analytical spring model was proposed to interpret the interactions between acoustic waves and stationary wheel–rail contact interfaces. The spring model represents the coupling strength of the interfaces with their stiffness. It accommodates the environmental information of contact stiffness and the acoustic source information, such as the feature frequency and the incident angle in the analysis of interface transmissibility. The fractal dimension of the interface is introduced into the spring model to interpret the effect of the axle load on the interface stiffness and the variation in transmissibility. Discrete Rayleigh integration is further combined to obtain the directivity of the interface and estimate the acoustic field intensity in the entire wheel. A wheel–rail contact rig was designed to simulate the actual contact conditions in a railway. Experimental data acquired from this test rig were utilized to validate the model, with regard to the interfacial stiffness in normal incidence and amplitudes of the transmitted waves in oblique incidence. After verifying the reliability of the model, the acoustic field intensity in the wheel was visualized under the assumed environmental conditions. Finally, a discussion is presented to determine a proper angular separation for the wheel-mounted sensor system, and substantiate the feasibility of the system.
Long-Term Stable Structures Formed by Ion-Beam Modification of Silver Film for SERS Applications

Ensembles of silver nanoparticles (NPs) with size ~45 nm formed from the silver film using an ion beam modification are studied. The optical spectroscopy demonstrated that the fabricated ensembles of silver NPs keep stable their plasmonic properties in an ambient atmosphere for at least 39 days due to their monocrystalline nature. We use the scanning Raman microscope to map the SERS from Crystal Violet homogeneously adsorbed on these ensembles. It was found that the manufactured ensembles have a strong amplification factor, and this factor is preserved for these ensembles even after more than one month of storage in the surrounding atmosphere. Hereby, by ion beam modification of silver film, it is possible to fabricate the NPs with stable plasmonic properties and form nanostructured surfaces to be applied in sensor technologies and SERS.
A Study of Optical Micro-bottle Resonator Humidity Sensor

This experiment reports the fabrication of the optical Micro-bottle Resonator (MBR) as a relative humidity (RH) sensor. The MBR is fabricated via the “soften-and-compress” method to create the bottle-shaped with diameter Db = 175 um. The MBR is then optically excited using a 8 μm microfiber and was found to have a Q Factor of >105. The MBR was then employed as a humidity sensor with the RH level percentage range between 40% to 100% and the performance is compared with a non MBR microfiber. The MBR sensor was found to have a sensitivity of 0.2973 dBm/%, linearity >90% and and is superior to the bare microfiber in all measured parameters. The MBR humidity sensor was also found to have good repeatability and stability over a period of 60 seconds compare to bare microfiber.
A Wireless Temperature Measuring System for Rotating Spindle Based on ZigBee

Rotating spindle is the main heat source of machine tool. However, it is hard for the traditional wired sensors to get access to the temperature value in rotating environment. This is one of the largest challenges that the researchers will encounter in machine thermal analysis and machine's state monitoring, and it limits the accuracy of the machine thermal analysis and state monitoring. Recently some researcher begins to adopt wireless communication technologies into the measurement in rotating environment, which would overcome the weakness of wired sensors. This paper first describes the superiors of the popular wireless technology ZigBee. And then presents the design of a wireless temperature measurement system based on ZigBee. In the Last, the system is implemented into a wireless temperature measuring experiment. The result of the experiment proved the stability of the wireless temperature measuring system, and shows the clear advantage of wireless sensors compared with wired sensor in rotating environment.
Characterization of phosphate solubilizing and cellulolytic fungi isolated from soil under Eurycoma longifolia stands

Eurycoma longifolia is one of the potential medicinal plants and has a high economic value if developed. The bioactive compound produced by E. longifolia has potential as medicine, thus causing increased exploitation of their habitat. This condition resulted in the decreasing population of E . longifolia in nature. The distribution of E. longifolia is influenced by soil fertility conditions. The presence of phosphate solubilizing fungi and cellulolytic fungi in the soil can support the growth of E. longifolia in nature. The purpose of this study was to calculate the population of phosphate solubilizing and cellulolytic fungi and to identify the types of phosphate solubilizing and cellulolytic fungi found in the soil under E. longifolia stands. Soil samples were taken randomly at a depth of 0–20 cm in a natural forest of Papaso Village, Lubu Sutam District, Padang Lawas Regency, North Sumatra. Population and isolation of phosphate solubilizing and cellulolytic fungi were obtained by dilution methods. The isolates obtained were identified morphologically to the genus level by macroscopic and microscopic observation of colonies. The results showed that the population of phosphate solubilizing and cellulolytic fungi were 6.64 × 104 CFU/mL and 9.31 × 103 CFU/mL, respectively. The isolation results in 11 isolates of phosphate solubilizing and 10 isolates of cellulolytic fungi. Based on the morphological identification of phosphate solubilizing fungi isolates consisted of 5 genera, namely Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Fusarium, and Mucor, while isolates of cellulolytic fungi also included 5 genera, namely Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Rhizopus, and Mucor.
Protection of biodiversity in concession of sustainable palm oil

The increasing population growth is in line with the increasing world demand for vegetable oil. In 2050, the world population is projected to reach 9.8 billion people. With this population, the world’s vegetable oil needs reach 310 million tons. Total vegetable oil production in 2018 was only 200.8 million tons. The oil crops biologically have a potential to produce vegetable oil much more than with other plants in the same area of land. It means that it is economically more efficient than others. However, an unavoidable fact is that the expansion of oil palm plantations in Indonesia has encroached on forest areas, destroying biodiversity, and threatening environmental sustainability. Of the 9.1 million hectares of deforestation occurred in 2001 to 2016, 2.1 million hectares or 23% of the national deforestation turned to oil palm. In addition, of the 16.8 million hectares of Indonesian palm oil cover, 3.4 million hectares or 20.2% of oil palms are in forest areas. This article aims to diagnose the norms of biodiversity protection with the approach of protecting high conservation value areas and high carbon stocks in oil palm plantation concessions. Normatively referring to the concept of sustainable palm oil plantations, companies are obliged to protect areas that have high biodiversity values and high carbon stocks in their concession areas and are prohibited from being converted. This norm is very important to protect biodiversity in oil palm concessions. Unfortunately, Indonesia’s positive law does not yet have an optimal legal framework to protect this area, so it is necessary to strengthen specific norms and policies to protect biodiversity in sustainable palm oil plantation concessions.
Development of Test Automation Framework for Printed Circuit Board Assembly

A Test Automation Framework is a bunch of rules or coding guidelines for test-process handling that is followed during coding. These are simple strategies that produce helpful results such as improved code re-usability, higher portability, diminished script support cost, reduced interdependency, higher interchangeability, and so on. This paper presents the development of a test automation framework for Printed Circuit Board Assembly (PCBA) to test the functionality and fault identification of the electronic circuit in the PCBA. It provides an integrated array of test and measurement Instruments which is automated using SCPI (Standard Command for programming Instrument) based commands to control test and measurement processes, making it simpler to configure and query. These test instruments imitate the environment in which the PCBA is to be deployed, which helps to observe its characteristics to determine whether it meets the expectation for which it was designed. Any possible variations in its characteristics due to fault are observed during testing and those faults are identified automatically using the data-driven fault analysis method.
Agrobiodiversity of using refugia plants towards several plant gardens at Tulung Rejo, East Java

A study and identificiation on agrobiodiversity of refugia plant as alternative solution by farmers towards their several plant gardens to repel pest was conducted at Tulung Rejo, East Java, Indonesia in March 2021. Refugia plants are biodiversity plants that grow around cultivated plants, which have the potential as a place of protection and a source of food for natural enemy insects (both predators and parasitoids). The principle of refugia pants is that these plants can attract and become a place of life and a source of life for insects, natural enemies of pests. the reseach was using a survey method with interview with farmers who have a land and using refugia plant as a natural pesticides to repel pests of their plants. besides, this research was also using a physical indentification of several refugia plants. Among several locations in Tulung Rejo, the results show that on average farmers use refugia plants of the type of kenikir flower Cosmos caudatus. This has evident because from 20 garden locations, 18 of them use Cosmos caudatus. The needs of farmers in Tulung Rejo, East Java to repel pests naturally.
Multiplexing fiber Bragg grating sensors

Bragg reflection gratings and out-coupling taps for sensors can be written holographically within the core of many commercial fibers available today. The gratings appear to be permanent and have been tested to temperatures in excess of 500 degree(s)C. Quasi-distributed temperature, strain, pressure, chemical, and interferometric type sensors can be made with the wavelength selective, reflection gratings, and taps. The fiber gratings, and the different types of sensors they can make, conveniently lend themselves to WDM, TDM, and FDM types of multiplexing schemes. Instrumentation to detect the multiple sensors and measure their spectral shift for localized and quasi-distributed sensing is currently under development.
Probabilistische Berücksichtigung von Kosten‐ und Mengenrisiken in der Angebotskalkulation

Die Bauausführenden sehen sich mit einer Vielzahl von Risiken konfrontiert, die ihre unternehmerische Existenz langfristig gefährden oder sogar beenden können. Bauunternehmen sind gefordert, die Risiken eines Projektes zu identifizieren und zu bewerten und aus diesen Erkenntnissen Maßnahmen ergreifen zu können. Innerhalb des kybernetischen Regelkreises des Risikomanagements müssen die Maßnahmen auf ihre Wirksamkeit untersucht und die Risiken erneut bewertet werden. Ein effizient durchgeführtes Risikomanagement kann zudem ein Wettbewerbsvorteil gegenüber anderen Wettbewerbern bedeuten. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt eine Methode zur Quantifizierung von Kosten‐ und Mengenrisiken. Die Betrachtung erfolgt auf der Ebene der Leistungspositionen eines Leistungsverzeichnisses. Eine Risikobewertung auf dieser Detailierungsebene wurde bisher noch nicht durchgeführt. Mittels stochastischer Ansätze werden die Risiken aus den vom Bauherrn ausgeschriebenen Mengenansätzen und den vom Bauunternehmen gewählten Kostenkalkulationsansätzen bewertet. Durch die Anwendung der Monte‐Carlo‐Simulation werden mögliche Angebotssummen ermittelt. Die Entscheidungsfindung zur Auswahl geeigneter Maßnahmen beruht somit nicht mehr auf einem deterministischen, sondern auf einer Vielzahl möglicher Werte. Die Informationsbasis des Bauunternehmens wird verbessert.
Dual Knowledge Multimodal Network for Recommender System

Yelp is a popular platform providing user reviews and recommendations for various recreation activities based on user-to-business review rated by the users. In this paper, we aim to work on the Yelp open data set, which contains not only the user-item interaction record, but also the reviews, item attributes, and pictures, to design a recommendation system with the help of the underlying knowledge graph. Our idea is that besides the basic user-item interaction properties we will utilize, we can also construct features for each node with the help of textual information from reviews, which increases the richness of features. We also plan to utilize multiple knowledge graphs to enrich the features. Our objective is to give a better recommendation for each user compared to the current existing benchmark.
APPLICATION OF OPERATOR SPLITTING BY QUARTIC B-SPLINE COLLOCATION FOR BURGERS ’ EQUATION

Some of the modern differential equations applications include fluid mechanics, population dynamics, convective transport, electrical networks, chemical reaction kinetics, and molecular dynamics. Differential equations modeling physical processes are often contained different mathematical terms in its structure. It is sometimes complicated and challenging to analyze such equations both theoretically and numerically. In this study, numerical solutions of Burgers’ equation modeling many physical phenomena are obtained. For this purpose, the Burgers’ equation is divided by time and converted into two simpler sub-problems. Quartic B-spline bases are used with the collocation method to solve each subproblem, and stability analysis is given for time splitting. The obtained numerical solutions have been compared with other studies in the literature. Thus it has been shown that the proposed method is effective, sensitive, and applicable for many nonlinear models. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 65L10, 65L80, 65M60, 68W25.
Listening to, and Remembering Conversations between Two Talkers: Cognitive Research using Embodied Conversational Agents in Audiovisual Virtual Environments

In everyday life, we often encounter conversational situations consisting of three or more people, where one person is mainly a listener while others speak. The listener has to memorize what is said by the talkers in order to join the conversation as a talker himself, or simply remember the content for later use. Listening to and remembering the content of spoken language is a demanding task from a cognitive-psychological view. Unlike for example reading a text, all the cognitive processes involved in evaluating, remembering, and understanding spoken language must be performed on the basis of a single, time-limited presentation [1]. It can be assumed that the availability of audiovisual information is likely to affect listener’s memory and comprehension of the speech content. This includes auditory-perceptual features such as the spatial position of the speakers and the fundamental frequency of the voice (which in many cases indicates gender), visual information such as the appearance of the speaker or co-verbal behavior. For example, past research has shown that certain auditoryperceptive characteristics (e.g., type and level of background noise or masking source positions) can impede listening performance [2, 3, 4]. The availability of plausible auditory cues has been shown to be beneficial for challenging listening situations [5, 6] and visual information like gestures and lip movement, which accompany the spoken word, can improve speech comprehension [7]. Therefore, the hypothesis can be formed, that cognitive performance in conversational situations can be influenced by plausible auditory and visual information. However, this particular setting where one person listens to running speech from two talkers and has to memorize what is said, has hardly been researched from a cognitive-psychological point of view. In fact, when memory performance for heard speech is studied in experiments, often simplified laboratory settings are employed, where unrelated digits (serial recall task) or isolated sentences (listening span task) are presented as stimulus material instead of running speech, with simplified headphone reproduction and no or only simple visualization (e.g., [8, 9]). The aim of this project is to gain insights on the influence of audiovisual information on cognitive performance in close-to-realistic virtual environments. To maintain control in the listening experiments while having an almost natural frame, a computer-mediated conversation, e.g., a virtual reality (VR) based setting has proven to have a high ecological validity. Here, embodied virtual
The Effect of the Covid-19 Lockdown on Crime Rates in South Africa

The lockdown policies put in place in many countries to fight the spread of the Coronavirus offer a natural experiment to assess how drastic changes in people’s routines affect different areas of society. Crime being an interesting field to study in this context, it is expected to be affected by lockdowns due to various reasons. Contact crimes, such as robberies and violent crime, require a direct interaction between people, the thing that lockdown measures are aimed at preventing. Also other types of crime, as for example residential burglaries, are expected to change, as with people spending more time at home opportunities for criminals are drastically reduced. There are different theories originating from criminology but also the economic theory of crime which can help predict and explain observed changes in crime. The economic theory of crime (Becker, 1968) for example takes into account search costs, which are likely to increase during a lockdown, especially for contact crimes, as victims are sparser. The routine activity theory of crime (Cohen & Felson, 1979) offers a similar prediction, as due to changes in people’s everyday routines, a convergence of offender and target is less likely to happen.
ASSESSMENT OF PROBIOTIC PROPERTIES OF SOME MICROBIAL STRAINS DURING TRANSIT THROUGH GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

The viability of free and microencapsulation L. acidophilus La-5, L. casei 01, L. helveticus LhB 02, B. bifidum Bb-12, K. lactis NRRL Y8279 and Sacch. cervisiae DSMZ 70449 cells in simulated gastrointestinal tract environment was determined. The viable cells of strains decreased significantly except B. bifidum and K. lactis in microencapsulated form as compared with their initial count in the presence of lysozyme (100 μg/ ml). The viability of all strains at pH 1.5 was less than that at pH 3.0 throughout exposure time (180 min). By increasing the concentration of bile salt, the resistance of all microorganisms decreased and there was a significant difference between their initial count and that after 180 min at 37oC. Bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity was detected with L. acidophilus and B. bifidum. The viability of all strains decreased with the increase of phenol concentration and exposure time. The release of viable cells from microcapsules in simulated colonic pH solution increased significantly as the exposure time increased from zero to 90 min at 37oC. Also strains were resistant to all antibiotics used in this study except yeast strains were susceptible to neomycin. Results of this study showed considerable difference in the percentage of hydrophobicity between strains. Generally the final number of viable cells of the strains was still above the levels suggested to produce their claimed health benefits. On the other hand the microencapsulation of strains protected them against adverse effects of GIT environment and enhanced their survivability.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of systems with potential for terabit capacity

In the last decade Optical Time Division Multiplexed (OTDM) systems have attracted considerable interest, as an alternative to the existing commercially deployed Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) systems. In this presentation, first the basic point-to-point bit interleaved OTDM system will be explained, with special focus on the transmitter and the receiver functionalities, demultiplexing and clock extraction. Some reported results are highlighted. In order to expand the system to include a number of nodes, channel identification is required, and a novel technique will be introduced. A simple network configuration is presented, exemplifying advantages and drawbacks of bit interleaved OTDM systems. Finally, a short introduction to reported results on packet based OTDM systems will be presented.
Operationalizing Tactical Representations

Tactics comprise a middle ground of abstraction between primitive actions and strategies. In this paper, we describe how an autonomous agent can use relatively general tactics as background knowledge to achieve complex behaviors in a manner that facilitates experimentation and learning. We describe our representation of tactics, their role in capturing intent in a course of action (COA), the incorporation of qualitative representations in tactics, and their benefits and challenges for implementing control strategies.
Feasibility Study of Radio Frequency Microelectromechanical Filters for Space Operation

Piezoelectric contour mode resonator technology has the unique advantage of combining low motional resistance with the ability to define multiple frequencies on the same substrate. Contour mode resonators can be mechanically coupled together to form robust band-pass filters for the next generation of GPS satellites with extreme size reduction compared to electrically coupled filters. Piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) contour mode resonators have the potential for monolithic integration with current ZnO transistor further reducing size, power consumption, and cost of filter modules. Barium strontium titanate (BST) contour mode resonators have incredible frequency tunability due to the fundamental nature of the thin film in the presence of a DC bias. BST resonators can be intrinsically switched on and off with the application of a DC bias. Through this research, the feasibility of the design and fabrication of piezoelectric radio frequency (RF) microelectromechanical system (MEMS) filters using ZnO, BST, and metals with high melting points is presented.
39 Causality for Machine Learning

Graphical causal inference as pioneered by Judea Pearl arose from research on artiﬁcial intelligence (AI), and for a long time had little connection to the ﬁeld of machine learning. This chapter discusses where links have been and should be established, introducing key concepts along the way. It argues that the hard open problems of machine learning and AI are intrinsically related to causality, and explains how the ﬁeld is beginning to understand them