Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Variant Autoencoder for Class Imbalance

Deep learning requires a large amount of data, and enhanced processing of the data is particularly important. This study aims to investigate the enhancement of the dataset from the perspective of the underlying data distribution and solve the problem of unbalanced data samples. In this study, a novel approach called the single-sample sampling variant autoencoder (S3VAE) was proposed to generate data which were then compared. Experimental results demonstrate that, under the same data discard rate, the data generated by the S3VAE architecture exhibit a test accuracy closer to that of the original data, which proves the ability of the S3VAE architecture to generate results closer to the original data. Furthermore, the reconstruction abilities of C-VAE and S3VAE were compared using two public datasets and conducted five different discard rate experiments. As observed, the test accuracy of S3VAE is higher than that of C-VAE in all cases. With an increase in the data discard rate, the advantage of S3VAE becomes more pronounced. When the data discard rate is 97.5%, the test accuracy of S3VAE is 2.7% higher than that of C-VAE. These results confirm that the method has a significant positive effect on data enhancement and can be effectively used in practical scenarios. Moreover, this method can be extended to most advanced variant autoencoders.
Evaluation of Selectivity Index and Phytoconstituents Profile of Various Extracts from the Stem of Strychnos lucida R. Br. as Anti-malarial

Introduction: Strychnos lucida R. Br. or Songga was empirically used as an anti-malarial and immunostimulant in the Tetun tribe, Indonesia. However, almost all plants from the genus Strychnos contain the alkaloid toxic compound strychnine. Objectives: The aims of this study are to determine in vitro/in vivo anti-malarial activity, to analyze the selectivity index, and to measure the phytoconstituents of various extracts (water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane) from S. lucida stem. Materials and Methods: In vitro anti-malarial study was conducted against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7-chloroquine-sensitive, and in vitro cytotoxic was performed against Monkey kidney Vero cell. Plasmodium berghei ANKA-chloroquine sensitive infected malaria mice were used as a model for evaluation of in vivo anti-plasmodial. Phytoconstituents profile was determined using Thermo scientific LC-HRMS, and the m/z data was analyzed using Compound Discoverer software with mzCloud MS/MS Library. Results: Water (W), Ethanol (E), and Ethyl Acetate (EA) extract exhibited more potential in vitro/in vivo anti-malarial activity than n-hexane (H) extract (IC 50 2.48±0.09; 2.45±0.02; 2.90±0.07; 7.64±0.30 μg/mL, respectively). The selectivity index of water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extract are 211.47, 78.46, 249.62, and 32.39, respectively). According to the LC-HRMS profile, water and ethanol extract mainly contain alkaloid and phenolic compounds. Ethyl acetate and n-hexane mostly contain terpenoids and fatty acids. Conclusion: According to the result, we conclude that ethanol and water extract from S. lucida R. Br. display potential anti-malarial. Alkaloids and phenolic compounds probably have the most contribution to their anti-malarial activity.
Heme Oxygenase-1 and Its Role in Colorectal Cancer

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an enzyme located at the endoplasmic reticulum, which is responsible for the degradation of cellular heme into ferrous iron, carbon monoxide and biliverdin-IXa. In addition to this main function, the enzyme is involved in many other homeostatic, toxic and cancer-related mechanisms. In this review, we first summarize the importance of HO-1 in physiology and pathophysiology with a focus on the digestive system. We then detail its structure and function, followed by a section on the regulatory mechanisms that control HO-1 expression and activity. Moreover, HO-2 as important further HO isoform is discussed, highlighting the similarities and differences with regard to HO-1. Subsequently, we describe the direct and indirect cytoprotective functions of HO-1 and its breakdown products carbon monoxide and biliverdin-IXa, but also highlight possible pro-inflammatory effects. Finally, we address the role of HO-1 in cancer with a particular focus on colorectal cancer. Here, relevant pathways and mechanisms are presented, through which HO-1 impacts tumor induction and tumor progression. These include oxidative stress and DNA damage, ferroptosis, cell cycle progression and apoptosis as well as migration, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Exploring teacher wellbeing in educational reforms: a Chinese perspective

Teaching is a demanding profession and maintaining teacher wellbeing is significant in ensuring educational quality. However, teacher wellbeing is easily affected by educational reforms, and systematic research on this topic is still relatively rare. In China, with the enactment of the Double Reduction Policy in 2021, the job characteristics of primary and secondary school teachers have undergone various changes. Thus, the current study examined the new job characteristics that China’s Double Reduction Policy imposed on the wellbeing of school teachers and their relationships with teachers’ inner world (i.e., emotional regulation and mindset). A cross-sectional study was carried out from June to October 2022 across China, employing self-reporting questionnaires for data collection and analysis. With a random sample of 902 teachers, we investigated the associations between teacher wellbeing, job characteristics, emotional regulation strategies, and mindset. The results indicated that teachers showed a lower level of wellbeing after the educational reform. Higher job resources contributed positively to predicting teacher wellbeing, while higher job demands contributed negatively. Genuinely expressing had positive impacts on teacher wellbeing while surface acting had negative impacts and deep acting none. Mindset was found to affect emotional regulation strategies and teacher wellbeing simultaneously. These findings shed light on how teachers can appropriately regulate emotions and maintain wellbeing in the wake of educational reforms.
Contract lenses: Reasoning about bidirectional programs via calculation

Abstract Bidirectional transformations (BXs) are a mechanism for maintaining consistency between multiple representations of related data. The lens framework, which usually constructs BXs from lens combinators, has become the mainstream approach to BX programming because of its modularity and correctness by construction. However, the involved bidirectional behaviors of lenses make the equational reasoning and optimization of them much harder than unidirectional programs. We propose a novel approach to deriving efficient lenses from clear specifications via program calculation, a correct-by-construction approach to reasoning about functional programs by algebraic laws. To support bidirectional program calculation, we propose contract lenses, which extend conventional lenses with a pair of predicates to enable safe and modular composition of partial lenses. We define several contract-lens combinators capturing common computation patterns including $\textit{fold}, \textit{filter},\textit{map}$ , and $\textit{scan}$ , and develop several bidirectional calculation laws to reason about and optimize contract lenses. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our new calculation framework based on contract lenses with nontrivial examples.
Los nadies y las nadies: The Effect of Peacebuilding on Political Behavior in Colombia

How do peacebuilding institutions affect political behavior? This article studies the historic victory of the Colombian left in the 2022 presidential elections in light of the implementation of local peacebuilding programs through the 2016 Peace Accords. Using a quasi-experimental design, we show that the Development Plans with a Territorial Focus (PDET), a central component of the 2016 Peace Accords between the government and the FARC, increased the vote share for the leftist coalition, Pacto Histórico, in the 2022 elections by increasing voter turnout in PDET regions. In a departure from existing literature, we find that the explanatory effect of violence on vote share is significantly reduced when we include an indicator for PDET implementation and additional covariates. While there is a substantial body of work examining the effects of conflict violence and the presence of armed actors on elections, there has been relatively little focus on how the peacebuilding has affected vote choice and political behavior. We see our project as a bridge to fill this gap in the literature.
Economic development and the disintegration of traditional culture among the Haisla

This thesis explores the interrelationship between the disintegration of t r a d i t i o n a l culture among the Haisla of Kitamaat, B r i t i s h Columbia, and that group's p a r t i c i p a t i o n in the Indust r i a l economy of the Northwest Coast. ) I n i t i a l l y , the ecological dimension of ranking and chieftainship i n t r a d i t i o n a l Haisla society i s examined. It i s proposed that l o c a l i z e d v a r i a b i l i t y of resources was s u f f i c i e n t to create shortages within v i l l a g e groups or sub-groups, which would require the intervention of a regulatory mechanism such as c h i e f l y r e d i s t r i b u t i o n . This regulation of resources promoted the establishment of populations consistent with the high average productivity of a region rather than the more variable productivity of individual sites. / High status accrued to those who, because of the greater regularity and r e l i a b i l i t y of t h e i r resource holdings, were able to act as donors more often than less favoured groups or sub-
Early evidence of short selling effects on dividends payout in Egypt: Does earnings quality make a difference?

Purpose - This research aims to (i) test the impact of short selling (SSL) on dividends (DIV) payout in Egypt as one of the emerging markets and (ii) investigate the moderating effect of earnings quality (EQ) on this relationship. Design/methodology/approach - This research uses data extracted from the financial reports of a sample of listed firms on the Egyptian stock exchange from 2012 to 2021, where the data is processed using the logistic regression and generalised method of moment (GMM) estimator developed for dynamic panel data. Findings-The results of this research reveal that SSL positively affects the DIV payout of the listed Egyptian firms, while low EQ weakens this relationship. Originality/value-This research adds to the very little prior literature that examined the impact of SSL on DIV payout in the developed markets, where it provides evidence from Egypt as one of the emerging markets. It also contributes to the existing literature on Div payouts in emerging markets by exploring the impact of SSL on DIV payouts based on signaling and impression management theories which is a relatively rare area of research. Furthermore, this research investigates whether the relationship between SSL and DIV payouts is influenced by the firm EQ, which has not been previously examined. Practical implications-This research helps policymakers and regulators in emerging markets such as Egypt realise the implications of SSL, especially because of the modernity of this mechanism and the insufficient knowledge among market participants. Also, it helps investors and other stakeholders realise the SSL effects on firm decisions such as DIV payout. Furthermore, it offers insights to corporate managers on the negative impacts of SSL, including reputational damage, limited financial opportunities, regulatory scrutiny, and legal implications. Limitations-This research has some limitations. The analysis does not explore the long-term effect of SSL on DIV payout, and the sample does not include firms in other emerging markets.
Digitalization and sustainable development goals in emerging Islamic economies

Purpose This study examines the intersection of emerging Islamic economies and the digital economy in the context of the United Nations sustainable development goals (UN SDGs). This study aims to investigate the opportunities, challenges and barriers faced by emerging Islamic economies in the context of the digital economy. It specifically focuses on how these economies can contribute to the achievement of UN SDGs established in 2015. In addition, the study explores the prospects of Islamic digital finance and its potential to facilitate the adoption of the UN SDGs. Design/methodology/approach The following components outline the design, methods and approach of this study, identify and select specific UN SDGs that are relevant to the research aims. These selected goals serve as the basis for evaluating the impact of conventional and Islamic digital financial inclusion, gathered data from credible sources such as Bloomberg and Refinitiv Thomson Reuters to support the analysis. These sources provide comprehensive data on global indicators, progress and targets related to the UN SDGs, compare and evaluate the impact of both conventional and Islamic digital financial inclusion strategies on the selected UN SDGs; the study uses qualitative interpretation of the gathered data, which involves identifying patterns, themes and connections within the data to draw meaningful conclusions. Findings Results revealed that Islamic digital finance has the potential to contribute significantly to achieving the UN SDGs by promoting financial inclusion, encouraging ethical investments, supporting small and medium enterprises, promoting sustainable investments and leveraging technology to expand access to Islamic financial services and support sustainable investments. Research limitations/implications While there are many potential benefits of Islamic digital finance in helping to achieve the UN SDGs, there are also several limitations that should be considered in research, such as limited access to digital infrastructure, regulatory challenges, product offerings, scale, awareness and adoption. Addressing these limitations will be critical to maximizing the potential of Islamic digital finance to contribute to achieving the UN SDGs. Practical implications This study points to an important gap in the literature; for practitioners, this study has significant managerial consequences for achieving the UN SDGs in emerging economies by facilitating social impact investments and promoting ethical and sustainable investments. Originality/value This study’s uniqueness lies in its exploration of the limited exploration of connecting the implementation of digital financial systems to promote UN SDGs within emerging Islamic economies.
Aqueous Extract of Brassica rapa L.’s Impact on Modulating Exercise-Induced Fatigue via Gut–Muscle Axis

Exercise-induced fatigue is a common physiological response to prolonged physical activity, often associated with changes in gut microbiota and metabolic responses. This study investigates the potential role of Brassica rapa L. in modulating these responses. Using an animal model subjected to chronic exercise-induced stress, we explored the effects of Brassica rapa L. on fatigue-related biomarkers, energy metabolism genes, inflammatory responses, intestinal integrity, and gut microbiota composition. Our findings revealed that Brassica rapa L. exhibits significant antioxidant activity and effectively modulates physiological responses to fatigue. It influences gene expression related to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in muscle tissue through the AMPK/PGC-1α/TFAM signaling pathway. Furthermore, Brassica rapa L. has been found to alleviate inflammation by inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infection and suppressing the activation of the NF-κB pathway. It also maintains intestinal integrity and controls Gram-negative bacterial growth. A correlation analysis identified several pathogenic bacteria linked with inflammation and energy metabolism, as well as beneficial probiotic bacteria associated with improved energy metabolism and reduced inflammation. These findings underscore Brassica rapa L. ’s potential for managing prolonged exercise-induced fatigue, paving the way for future therapeutic applications. The results highlight its impact on gut microbiota modulation and its role in nutrition science and sports medicine.
Investigating NARS: Inconsistent Practice of Application and Reporting

The Negative Attitude toward Robots Scale (NARS) is one of the most common questionnaires used in the studies of human-robot interaction (HRI). It was established in 2004, and has since then been used in several domains to measure attitudes, both as main results and as a potential confounding factor. To better understand this important tool of HRI research, we reviewed the HRI literature with a specific focus on practice and reporting related to NARS. We found that the use of NARS is being increasingly reported, and that there is a large variation in how NARS is applied. The reporting is, however, often not done in sufficient detail, meaning that NARS results are often difficult to interpret, and comparing between studies or performing meta-analyses are even more difficult. After providing an overview of the current state of NARS in HRI, we conclude with reflections and recommendations on the practices and reporting of NARS.
LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of gabbro in the Darbut ophiolite, western Junggar, China

LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of gabbro from Darbut ophiolite, 16 spots of zircon show relatively concentrative zircon group in ~(206)Pb/~(238)U-~(207)Pb/~(235)U concordia diagram, and give weighted mean ~(206)Pb/~(238)U age of 391.1±6.8Ma, MSWD = 0.97(95% confidence) , which is the crystallization age of gabbro, indicating a Middle Devonian age of Darbut ophiolite. This discovery is certainly believe that accurately restrict the form of Darbut ophiolite, and provide important evidence of extensional environment for plates in western Junggar.
DEFORESTATION IN BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA

Forests art' the great biotic flywheel that keeps the biosphere functioning more or less predictably. They are the major biotic component of tht' global carbon cycle, contain about three times as much carbon as the atmosphere, and their destruction contributes directly to the warming of the earth. Their presence determines the reflectivity of the earth over large areas, energy balance, water balance, nutrient fluxes, and air and water flows. They are, moreover, tht> major rt>servoir of biotic diversity on land: there is no habitat richer in species, nont' more promising as a source of succor for a swelling, scrambling, grasping human population uncertain as to where its great hopt>s lie. And yet, no habitat is being addressed more rapaciously than the tropical forests of Brazil. Philip Fearnside is an ecologist with many years' expt>rience in rt>search, writing, and teaching in Brazil. He writes here about ont' of the world's greatt>st tragedies and touches on the transitions in plant communities that accompany the proct>ss around the world. The shift from forest to grassland or lesser communitit's is common here as elsewhere under chronic disruption. The grt'at bamboo stands of Asia arc a part of the transition, remnants of what onct' was . and might be again, given insight, wisdom, and restraint beyond the current measure. The final destruction of the earth's remaining tropical forests is the most recent and least justifiable act of rapine being visited on an earth otherwisc already reeling I rom human depravity. Barbara Tuchman has called pt>rsistence in such acts that arc clf'arly not in the common interest "fiJIIy," a most charitable tt>nn. Philip Fcamside not only spins out a contemporary estimate of the rate of defort>station in the Brazilian Amazon, but oflers an analysis of the causes, shows the complicity ofgovC'rnmcnt and the international development agencies, and shows as wt>ll tht> conSCCJIWnces of the current patterns ofland management for agriculture and on tht> potential f(Jr remvery of a productive vegetation. The connection between biotic impoverishment and personal and national impoverishment has seldom been better made.
Analgesic Efficacy of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Therapy in Horses with Abdominal Pain: A Systematic Review

Simple Summary The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, that primarily act via the inhibition of COX isomers, is one of the most common therapeutic means to control abdominal pain in horses. However, these drugs can elicit gastrointestinal side effects. Drugs that are more selective for COX-2 inhibition are considered to cause less adverse effects. Despite some physiological effects of the COX-2 isoform, it is mainly induced by inflammatory processes, whereas the COX-1 isoform has a protective role and is considered to be constitutive. Despite the availability of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with varying degrees of COX isoform inhibition, non-selective molecules remain the most frequently prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This is likely because the analgesic effect achieved by COX-2-selective drugs is not considered sufficient. To date, the scientific evidence concerning the analgesic efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of abdominal pain in horses still remains uncertain. This systematic review showed that the current scientific literature cannot adequately justify the therapeutic choice of one non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug over another for the treatment of abdominal pain in horses. Therefore, prospective randomised blinded clinical trials are deemed necessary to elucidate the analgesic efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of abdominal pain in horses. Abstract This systematic review aimed to identify the evidence concerning the analgesic efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to treat abdominal pain in horses, and to establish whether one non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug could provide better analgesia compared to others. This systematic review was conducted following the “Systematic Review Protocol for Animal Intervention Studies”. Research published between 1985 and the end of May 2023 was searched, using three databases, namely, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, using the words equine OR horse AND colic OR abdominal pain AND non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug AND meloxicam OR flunixin meglumine OR phenylbutazone OR firocoxib OR ketoprofen. Risk of bias was assessed with the SYRCLE risk of bias tool, and level of evidence scored according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine. A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. From those only one study judged pain with a validated pain score, and a high risk of bias was identified due to the presence of selection, performance, and “other” types of bias. Therefore, caution is required in the interpretation of results from individual studies. To date, the evidence on analgesic efficacy to determine whether one drug is more potent than another regarding the treatment of abdominal pain in horses is sparse.