Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VITILIGO: SYMPTOMS, PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENTS BY USING DIFFERENT THERAPIES

: Vitiligo is an acquired disorder of pigmentation, caused by decreased production of melanin as a result of dysfunction of melanocytes. Hair and, in rare cases, eyes may also lose their colour. Vitiligo is a fairly frequent dermatological condition that has been documented since antiquity. The cause of vitiligo is uncertain however an autoimmune pathophysiology appears to be the most likely explanation. Because vitiligo can have a significant impact, Treatment can be considered and should preferably begin early when the disease is diagnosed because it has an impact on quality of life. The current therapy approaches are aimed at slowing the disease's course and achieving a cure repigmentation. Treatment is similarly problematic; allopathic medications are just suppressive, not therapeutic. A number of novel therapies have shown to have a lot of promise. Therapies include corticosteroids, topical immune modulators, photo (chemo) therapy, surgery, combination therapies and repigmentation of normally pigmented skin. Traditional Chinese medicine appears to be more successful than the modern vitligo treatment. Vitiligo, melanin, repigmentation, treatment, dermatology are some of the terms used to describe the condition.
Free Products and the Lack of State Preserving Approximations of Nuclear C*-algebras

Let $A$ be a homogeneous C*-algebra and $\phi$ a state on $A. $ We show that if $\phi$ satisfies a certain faithfulness condition, then there is a net of finite-rank, unital completely positive, $\phi$-preserving maps on $A$ that tend to the identity pointwise. This combined with results of Ricard and Xu show that the reduced free product of homogeneous C*-algebras with respect to these states have the completely contractive approximation property. We also give an example of a faithful state on $M_2\otimes C[0,1]$ for which no such state-preserving approximation of the identity map exists, thus answering a question of Ricard and Xu.
Coverings and the heat equation on graphs: Stochastic incompleteness, the Feller property, and uniform transience

We study regular coverings of graphs and manifolds with a focus on properties of the heat equation. In particular, we look at stochastic incompleteness, the Feller property and uniform transience; and investigate the connection between the validity of these properties on the base space and its covering. For both graphs and manifolds, we prove the equivalence of stochastic incompleteness of the base and that of its cover. Along the way we also give some new conditions for the Feller property to hold on graphs.
Energy-Dependent Orbital Phases in NGC 300 X-1

NGC~300 X-1 is a Wolf Rayet + black hole binary that exhibits periodic decreases in X-ray flux. We present two new observations of NGC~300 X-1 from the Chandra X-ray Observatory (totaling $\sim$130 ks) along with ACS imaging data from the Hubble Space Telescope. We observe significant short-term variability in the X-ray emission that is inconsistent with an occultation by the donor star, but is consistent with structure in the outer accretion disk or the wind of the donor star. We simultaneously fit a partially-covered disk blackbody and Comptonized corona model to the eclipse egress and non-eclipsing portions of the X-ray spectrum. We find that the only model parameters that varied between the eclipse egress and non-eclipsing portions of the spectra were the partial covering fraction ($\sim$86% during eclipse egress and $\sim$44% during non-eclipse) and absorbing column ($\sim$12.3$\times10^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$ during eclipse egress, compared to $\sim$1.4$\times10^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$ during non-eclipse). The X-ray spectra are consistent with the movement of the X-ray source through the dense stellar winds of the companion star. From our new HST imaging, we find the WR star within the X-ray error circle, along with additional optical sources including an AGB star and an early-type main sequence star. Finally, we use our egress measurement to rephase previous radial velocity measurements reported in the literature, and find evidence that the velocities are strongly affected by the ionization of the wind by the compact object. Thus, we argue the inferred mass of the black hole may not be reliable.
Nonadiabatic transitions in a Stark decelerator

In a Stark decelerator, polar molecules are slowed down and focused by an inhomogeneous electric field which switches between two configurations. For the decelerator to work, it is essential that the molecules follow the changing electric field adiabatically. When the decelerator switches from one configuration to the other, the electric field changes in magnitude and direction, and this can cause molecules to change state. In places where the field is weak, the rotation of the electric field vector during the switch may be too rapid for the molecules to maintain their orientation relative to the field. Molecules that are at these places when the field switches may be lost from the decelerator as they are transferred into states that are not focused. We calculate the probability of nonadiabatic transitions as a function of position in the periodic decelerator structure and find that for the decelerated group of molecules the loss is typically small, while for the un-decelerated group of molecules the loss can be very high. This loss can be eliminated using a bias field to ensure that the electric field magnitude is always large enough. We demonstrate our findings by comparing the results of experiments and simulations for themore » Stark deceleration of LiH and CaF molecules. We present a simple method for calculating the transition probabilities which can easily be applied to other molecules of interest. « less
Hall-Littlewood polynomials and a Hecke action on ordered set partitions

We construct an action of the Hecke algebra $H_n(q)$ on a quotient of the polynomial ring $F[x_1, \dots, x_n]$, where $F = \mathbb{Q}(q)$. The dimension of our quotient ring is the number of $k$-block ordered set partitions of $\{1, 2, \dots, n \}$. This gives a quantum analog of a construction of Haglund-Rhoades-Shimozono and interpolates between their result at $q = 1$ and work of Huang-Rhoades at $q = 0$.
Which quantum states are dual to classical spacetimes

It is commonly accepted that states in a conformal field theory correspond to classical spacetimes with Anti-de-Sitter asymptotics. In this work we give a prescription for the CFT states with a dual classical spacetime and, using basic holographic rules, show that they are holographically connected to coherent states in the large-N limit, or by considering linearized perturbations. We also point out implications in the spacetime emergence mechanism, for instance, the (entangled) state dual to the black hole should be properly described as a quantum superposition of products of these states. This also complements the quantum interpretation of the Hawking-Page transition.
LONG-LIVED CHAOTIC ORBITAL EVOLUTION OF EXOPLANETS IN MEAN MOTION RESONANCES WITH MUTUAL INCLINATIONS

We present N-body simulations of resonant planets with inclined orbits that show chaotically evolving eccentricities and inclinations that can persist for at least 10 Gyr. A wide range of behavior is possible, from fast, low amplitude variations to systems in which eccentricities reach 0.9999 and inclinations 179. °9. While the orbital elements evolve chaotically, at least one resonant argument always librates. We show that the HD 73526, HD 45364, and HD 60532 systems may be in chaotically evolving resonances. Chaotic evolution is apparent in the 2:1, 3:1, and 3:2 resonances, and for planetary masses from lunar- to Jupiter-mass. In some cases, orbital disruption occurs after several gigayears, implying the mechanism is not rigorously stable, just long-lived relative to the main sequence lifetimes of solar-type stars. Planet–planet scattering appears to yield planets in inclined resonances that evolve chaotically in about 0.5% of cases. These results suggest that (1) approximate methods for identifying unstable orbital architectures may have limited applicability, (2) the observed close-in exoplanets may be produced during epochs of high eccentricit induced by inclined resonances, (3) those exoplanets' orbital planes may be misaligned with the host star's spin axis, (4) systems with resonances may be systematically younger than those without, (5) the distribution of period ratios of adjacent planets detected via transit may be skewed due to inclined resonances, and (6) potentially habitable planets may have dramatically different climatic evolution than Earth. The Gaia spacecraft is capable of discovering giant planets in these types of orbits.
THE OPTICS OF REFRACTIVE SUBSTRUCTURE

Newly recognized effects of refractive scattering in the ionized interstellar medium have broad implications for very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) at extreme angular resolutions. Building upon work by Blandford & Narayan, we present a simplified, geometrical optics framework, which enables rapid, semi-analytic estimates of refractive scattering effects. We show that these estimates exactly reproduce previous results based on a more rigorous statistical formulation. We then derive new expressions for the scattering-induced fluctuations of VLBI observables such as closure phase, and we demonstrate how to calculate the fluctuations for arbitrary quantities of interest using a Monte Carlo technique.
Corona Disease Anxiety And Parenting Stress: Predictions Of Ahvaz Children Anxiety During Home Quarantine Due To Corona Virus Outbreak

Anxiety is one of the important variables that can effect on the present and future life of children.The aim of this study was to predict children's anxiety through Corona Disease Anxiety and Parental Stress during coronavirus quarantine. The research method was correlational. The study statistical population was all primary children and their mothers of Ahwaz in the year 2019-20. Out of 400 eligible mothers, 300 mothers were selected as the sample by convenience sampling method and answered online the questionnaires including Corona Disease Anxiety Scale , short form of Parental Stress Questionnaire and Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale- Parent Version. The Mothers completed Corona Disease Anxiety Scale , short form of Parental Stress Questionnaire and Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale- Parent Version. Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that there is a positive and significant correlation between corona disease anxiety and parenting stress with children's anxiety during coronavirus quarantine . Also, the results of regression analysis showed that corona disease anxiety and parenting stress can significantly predict 31% of changes in children's anxiety. Therefore, it is suggested that the necessary planning be done to reduce the anxiety of parents and children during epidemics. Parenting stress and corona anxiety in parents can predict the anxiety of children during corona quarantine. of this study was to predict children's anxiety based on corona anxiety and parenting stress during coronavirus quarantine. The results showed that corona anxiety (physical and mental) and parenting stress have a significant relationship with children's anxiety. The results also showed that corona anxiety and parenting stress can significantly predict children's anxiety during corona quarantine. These results are consistent with the research of Duane et al. (2020), Brooks et al. (2020), McCossack et al. (2020), Romero et al. (2020), Zolfaghari et al. (1399).
Spectrum syntheses of high-resolution integrated light spectra of Galactic globular clusters

Spectrum syntheses for three elements (Mg, Na, and Eu) in high-resolution integrated light spectra of the Galactic globular clusters 47 Tuc, M3, M13, NGC 7006, and M15 are presented, along with calibration syntheses of the Solar and Arcturus spectra. Iron abundances in the target clusters are also derived from integrated light equivalent width analyses. Line profiles in the spectra of these five globular clusters are well fit after careful consideration of the atomic and molecular spectral features, providing levels of precision that are better than equivalent width analyses of the same integrated light spectra, and that are comparable to the precision in individual stellar analyses. The integrated light abundances from the 5528 and 5711 A Mg I lines, the 6154 and 6160 A Na I lines, and the 6645 A Eu II line fall within the observed ranges from individual stars; however, these integrated light abundances do not always agree with the average literature abundances. Tests with the second parameter clusters M3, M13, and NGC 7006 show that assuming an incorrect horizontal branch morphology is likely to have only a small (< 0.06 dex) effect on these Mg, Na, and Eu abundances. These tests therefore show that integrated light spectrum syntheses can be applied to unresolved globular clusters over a wide range of metallicities and horizontal branch morphologies. Such high precision in integrated light spectrum syntheses is valuable for interpreting the chemical abundances of globular cluster systems around other galaxies.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF SCHOOL DISCIPLINE MANAGEMENT: TEACHERS PERSPECTIVE

: The main purpose of the study was to identify and find out the psychological factors influencing students’ discipline from class teacher’s perspective in higher primary schools in Pune District. The study was focused on the teacher’s perspective on psychological factors as motivation and self-regulation with components academic discipline, commitment to school, managing feelings and thinking before acting. Mix-method was used in this research. The literature analysis (qualitative) was studied for identify various psychological factors with respect to school discipline. A descriptive survey method and purposive sampling were used. Data was collected using researcher made questionnaire to find out teachers’ perspective on psychological factors with respect to school discipline. The research data was statistically analysed. It revealed that there was psychological factor as motivation and self-regulation with related components. There was factual practices and active participation of teachers to create positive discipline management. Respondents felt a great need to undergo and enhance motivation and self- regulation for school discipline to make effective. are oppositional- up relationship and classroom influences on student perceptions of school climate: The role of classroom management and exclusionary discipline strategies in this abstract, there is growing emphasis on the use of positive behavior supports rather than exclusionary discipline strategies to promote a positive classroom environment. The analyses indicated that greater use of exclusionary discipline strategies was associated with lower order and discipline scores, whereas greater use of classroom-based positive behavior supports was associated with higher scores on order and discipline, fairness, and student– teacher relationship. These findings suggest research revealed various psychological factors of school discipline management. The study found that motivation and self-regulation are the most important factor of school discipline management. The study identified the components of motivation as academic discipline and commitment to school. The study also identified the components of self-regulation as managing feelings and thinking before acting. Study is focused for teacher’s perspective in school discipline management. Teachers view on motivation and self-regulation are depends on student’s family culture and school climate also. The study helps to obtain teachers perspective on school discipline management. Healthy school climate could be maintained by management, class-teacher, peer group and social involvement in co-curricular activities with proper interactions. It would be certainly beneficial to class-teacher to plan activities for family and all stakeholder’s involvement in school discipline management.
Investigation of the relation between thrombocyte counts and serum transaminases in patients with Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever

Abstract Objective Fever, thrombocytopenia and transaminase elevation are consistent features of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). This study which was done in a hyperendemic region for CCHF, was carried out to find the frequencies of elevated transaminases among CCHF patients with thrombocytopenia. Methods Thrombocyte counts, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test results on admission and follow-up of hospitalized CCHF patients were collected retrospectively. Results When we assessed data on admission, all patients with thrombocyte ≤50,000/μL had elevated AST as well as all but one (98.1%) had elevated ALT levels. When the lowest thrombocyte count was taken into account, concordant AST, ALT levels of all patients with thrombocyte ≤50,000/μL were above normal. Conclusion Conclusively, acute CCHF patients with thrombocyte <50,000/μL should necessarily have elevated ASTs, ALTs.
Emotions matter for policy-making: An example on tacit collusion and guilt

In the paper we show how emotions may influence the effectiveness of policies, highlighting the need for an analysis of belief-dependent motivations in policy-making. We do so by using an example of tacit collusion in an infinitely repeated duopoly. We find that which type of duopoly favors collusion the most depends on the level of guilt aversion. Specifically, it is easier to sustain collusion in a Bertrand duopoly for low levels of guilt and in a Cournot duopoly for intermediate levels of guilt. When the guilt parameter is high, collusion is sustained for any discount factor in both market structures. Moreover, we show how competition policies, such as the introduction of random audits and fines, may be less effective in the presence of guilt.
Revealing the First Stellar and Supermassive Black Holes to EXIST

The epochs of origin of the first stars and galaxies, and subsequent growth of the first supermassive black holes, are among the most fundamental questions. Observations of the highest redshift Gamma‐Ray Bursts (GRBs) will be the most compelling in situ probe of the history of initial star formation and consequent epoch of reionization if their prompt and precise detection can be followed immediately by sensitive near‐IR imaging and spectroscopy. Blazars are the persistent analogs of GRBs and for the same reason (beaming) can be observed at highest redshifts where they might best trace the high accretion rate‐driven jets and growth of supermassive black holes in galaxies. The proposed EXIST mission can uniquely probe these questions, and many others, given its unparalled combination of sensitivity and spatial‐spectral‐temporal coverage and resolution. Here we provide a brief summary of the mission design, key science objectives, mission plan and readiness for EXIST, as proposed to Astro2010.
INSIDE-OUT PLANET FORMATION

The compact multi-transiting planet systems discovered by Kepler challenge planet formation theories. Formation in situ from disks with radial mass surface density, Σ, profiles similar to the minimum mass solar nebula but boosted in normalization by factors ≳ 10 has been suggested. We propose that a more natural way to create these planets in the inner disk is formation sequentially from the inside-out via creation of successive gravitationally unstable rings fed from a continuous stream of small (∼cm–m size) “pebbles,” drifting inward via gas drag. Pebbles collect at the pressure maximum associated with the transition from a magnetorotational instability (MRI)-inactive (“dead zone”) region to an inner MRI-active zone. A pebble ring builds up until it either becomes gravitationally unstable to form an ∼1 M⊕ planet directly or induces gradual planet formation via core accretion. The planet may undergo Type I migration into the active region, allowing a new pebble ring and planet to form behind it. Alternatively, if migration is inefficient, the planet may continue to accrete from the disk until it becomes massive enough to isolate itself from the accretion flow. A variety of densities may result depending on the relative importance of residual gas accretion as the planet approaches its isolation mass. The process can repeat with a new pebble ring gathering at the new pressure maximum associated with the retreating dead-zone boundary. Our simple analytical model for this scenario of inside-out planet formation yields planetary masses, relative mass scalings with orbital radius, and minimum orbital separations consistent with those seen by Kepler. It provides an explanation of how massive planets can form with tightly packed and well-aligned system architectures, starting from typical protoplanetary disk properties.
Sheaves, Cosheaves and Applications

This thesis develops the theory of sheaves and cosheaves with an eye towards applications in science and engineering. To provide a theory that is computable, we focus on a combinatorial version of sheaves and cosheaves called cellular sheaves and cosheaves, which are finite families of vector spaces and maps parametrized by a cell complex. We develop cellular (co)sheaves as a new tool for topological data analysis, network coding and sensor networks. A foundation for multi-dimensional level-set persistent homology is laid via constructible cosheaves, which are equivalent to representations of MacPherson's entrance path category. By proving a van Kampen theorem, we give a direct proof of this equivalence. A cosheaf version of the i'th derived pushforward of the constant sheaf along a definable map is constructed directly as a representation of this category. We go on to clarify the relationship of cellular sheaves to cosheaves by providing a formula that defines a derived equivalence, which in turn recovers Verdier duality. Compactly-supported sheaf cohomology is expressed as the coend with the image of the constant sheaf through this equivalence. The equivalence is further used to establish relations between sheaf cohomology and a herein newly introduced theory of cellular sheaf homology. Inspired to provide fast algorithms for persistence, we prove that the derived category of cellular sheaves over a 1D cell complex is equivalent to a category of graded sheaves. Finally, we introduce the interleaving distance as an extended pseudo-metric on the category of sheaves. We prove that global sections partition the space of sheaves into connected components. We conclude with an investigation into the geometry of the space of constructible sheaves over the real line, which we relate to the bottleneck distance in persistence.