Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Management of refractory ascites

The development of refractory ascites in approximately 10% of patients with decompensated cirrhosis heralds the progression to a more advanced stage of cirrhosis. Its pathogenesis is related to significant hemodynamic changes, initiated by portal hypertension, but ultimately leading to renal hypoperfusion and avid sodium retention. Inflammation can also contribute to the pathogenesis of refractory ascites by causing portal microthrombi, perpetuating the portal hypertension. Many complications accompany the development of refractory ascites, but renal dysfunction is most common. Management starts with continuation of sodium restriction, which needs frequent reviews for adherence; and regular large volume paracentesis of 5 L or more with albumin infusions to prevent the development of paracentesisinduced circulatory dysfunction. Albumin infusions independent of paracentesis may have a role in the management of these patients. The insertion of a covered, smaller diameter, transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic stent shunt (TIPS) in the appropriate patients with reasonable liver reserve can bring about improvement in quality of life and improved survival after ascites clearance. Devices such as an automated low-flow ascites pump may be available in the future for ascites treatment. Patients with refractory ascites should be referred for liver transplant, as their prognosis is poor. In patients with refractory ascites and concomitant chronic kidney disease of more than stage 3b, assessment should be referred for dual liver-kidney transplants. In patients with very advanced cirrhosis not suitable for any definitive treatment for ascites control, palliative care should be involved to improve the quality of life of these patients.
Effects of field management practices on plant health and rhizosphere microbial community structure

including physical, chemical and biological characteristics. In this study, we characterized the influence of soil management practices on soil borne disease suppressiveness and soil microbial population structure in an organic cropping system. Four transitional management strategies, with and without compost amendments, were considered: mixed hay, tilled fallowing, open-field vegetables and high tunnel vegetables. The effects of compost addition on soil characteristics varied with transition strategy, with the greatest effects being observed in the soils coming from the mixed hay and high tunnel treatments. The effects of treatments on plant health were assayed in growth chambers using Edamame soybean (cv. Sayasume). In general, disease severity increased with the addition of the compost amendments, and the mixed hay treatment was less conducive to disease development. In addition, tilled fallow and vegetable cropping systems had the highest disease. Microbial populations are being studied through culture-dependent and cultureindependent strategies. In Edamame soybeans, compost amendments led to higher rhizosphere colonization rates of various Pseudomonas spp. under all cropping strategies. In addition, soil and rhizosphere bacterial community profiling using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) revealed at least seven terminal restriction fragments specifically associated with different cropping systems. Characterization of selected ribotypes would lead to the identification of novel microbial populations associated with disease suppressiveness in these fields. Abstract Results Effects of field management practices on plant health and rhizosphere microbial community structure
Review of the Pinus caribaea Mor. and Pinus oocarpa Schiede international provenance trials, 1978.

All the known published and unpublished literature relating to the Pinus caribaea Morelet and Pinus oocarpa Schiede international provenance trials is reviewed. Data summaries are given for 126 assessments of 88 P. caribaea trials in 22 countries and 101 assessments of 63 P. oocarpa trials in 18 countries. Variations in growth traits were detected among the provenances of both species during the nursery phase, but differences that were relevant to the choice of seed source and plantation management only became apparent one year after planting in the field for P. oocarpa and three to four years after planting out for P. caribaea. The three varieties of P. caribaea occurred in the sequence Pinus caribaea var. caribaea Mor. , Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis Barr. and Golf. and Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis Barr. and Golf. when ranked in order of ascending vigour. Stem and crown form and resistance to frost damage improved in the reverse order. The P. caribaea var. hondurensis provenances could be divided into two groups: those from the coastal lowlands and those from higher and drier inland localities. The former category included the most promising provenances which were notable for their good stem and crown form, high growth rates and wind firmness. The provenances in the latter category showed early flowering tendencies and generally gave rise to fewer foxtails than the coastal provenances, but they were inclined to produce needleless shoots and die-back on lowland equatorial sites. The most promising P. oocarpa provenances came from Nicaragua and Belize. They combined good growth rates with favourable stem and crown form, but were susceptible to stem-break on exposed sites. The P. caribaea provenances that showed the greatest potential for successful plantation establishment were Karawala (Nicaragua), Alamicamba (Nicaragua), Brus Lagoon (Honduras), Poptun (Guatemala), and Santa Clara (Nicaragua). The most promising P. oocarpa provenances were Yucul (Nicaragua), Camelias (Nicaragua), Rafael (Nicaragua); and Mountain Pine Ridge (Belize).
Phenotypic effects of Am genomes in nascent synthetic hexaploids derived from interspeci�c crosses between durum and wild einkorn wheat

Background Allopolyploid speciation is a major evolutionary process in wheat (Triticum spp.) and the related Aegilops species. The generation of synthetic polyploids by interspeci�c crosses arti�cially reproduces the allopolyploidization of wheat and its relatives. These synthetic polyploids allow breeders to introduce agriculturally important traits into durum and common wheat cultivars. This study aimed to evaluate genetic and phenotypic diversity in wild einkorn (Triticum monococcum ssp. aegilopoides) accessions, to generate a set of synthetic hexaploid lines containing the various A m genomes from wild einkorn, and to reveal their agronomic characteristics. Results We examined the genetic diversity of 43 wild einkorn accessions using simple sequence repeat markers covering all the chromosomes and revealed two genetically divergent lineages, L1 and L2. The genetic divergence between these lineages was linked to their phenotypic divergence and the climate of their habitats. L1 accessions were characterized by early �owering, fewer spikes, large spikelets, and low-density spikelets compared to L2 accessions. These trait differences could have resulted from adaptation to their different habitats. We then developed 42 synthetic lines containing the AABBA m A m genome through interspeci�c crosses between T. turgidum cv. Langdon (AABB genome) as the female parent and the wild einkorn accessions (A m A m genome) as the male parents. Two of the 42 AABBA m A m synthetic lines exhibited hybrid dwar�sm. Phenotypic variation, especially for days to �owering and spikelet-related traits, in the synthetic lines was signi�cantly correlated with that in their wild einkorn parents. The phenotypic divergence between L1 and L2 accessions also re�ected phenotypic differences among the synthetic lines. Furthermore, the AABBA m A m synthetic lines had longer spikelets and grains, long awns, high plant heights, soft grains, and late �owering, which are distinct from other synthetic hexaploid wheat lines such as AABBAA and AABBDD.
A Boosting Framework for Visuality-Preserving Distance Metric Learning and Its Application to Medical Image Retrieval

Similarity measurement is a critical component in content-based image retrieval systems, and learning a good distance metric can significantly improve retrieval performance. However, despite extensive study, there are several major shortcomings with the existing approaches for distance metric learning that can significantly affect their application to medical image retrieval. In particular, ldquosimilarityrdquo can mean very different things in image retrieval: resemblance in visual appearance (e.g., two images that look like one another) or similarity in semantic annotation (e.g., two images of tumors that look quite different yet are both malignant). Current approaches for distance metric learning typically address only one goal without consideration of the other. This is problematic for medical image retrieval where the goal is to assist doctors in decision making. In these applications, given a query image, the goal is to retrieve similar images from a reference library whose semantic annotations could provide the medical professional with greater insight into the possible interpretations of the query image. If the system were to retrieve images that did not look like the query, then users would be less likely to trust the system; on the other hand, retrieving images that appear superficially similar to the query but are semantically unrelated is undesirable because that could lead users toward an incorrect diagnosis. Hence, learning a distance metric that preserves both visual resemblance and semantic similarity is important. We emphasize that, although our study is focused on medical image retrieval, the problem addressed in this work is critical to many image retrieval systems. We present a boosting framework for distance metric learning that aims to preserve both visual and semantic similarities. The boosting framework first learns a binary representation using side information, in the form of labeled pairs, and then computes the distance as a weighted Hamming distance using the learned binary representation. A boosting algorithm is presented to efficiently learn the distance function. We evaluate the proposed algorithm on a mammographic image reference library with an interactive search-assisted decision support (ISADS) system and on the medical image data set from ImageCLEF. Our results show that the boosting framework compares favorably to state-of-the-art approaches for distance metric learning in retrieval accuracy, with much lower computational cost. Additional evaluation with the COREL collection shows that our algorithm works well for regular image data sets.
Group Replicator Dynamics: A Novel Group-Wise Evolutionary Approach for Sparse Brain Network Detection

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is increasingly used for studying functional integration of the brain. However, large inter-subject variability in functional connectivity, particularly in disease populations, renders detection of representative group networks challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel technique, “group replicator dynamics” (GRD), for detecting sparse functional brain networks that are common across a group of subjects. We extend the replicator dynamics (RD) approach, which we show to be a solution of the nonnegative sparse principal component analysis problem, by integrating group information into each subject's RD process. Our proposed strategy effectively coaxes all subjects' networks to evolve towards the common network of the group. This results in sparse networks comprising the same brain regions across subjects yet with subject-specific weightings of the identified brain regions. Thus, in contrast to traditional averaging approaches, GRD enables inter-subject variability to be modeled, which facilitates statistical group inference. Quantitative validation of GRD on synthetic data demonstrated superior network detection performance over standard methods. When applied to real fMRI data, GRD detected task-specific networks that conform well to prior neuroscience knowledge.
Hydrodynamics of a floodplain recirculation zone investigated by field monitoring and numerical simulation

Abstract Results are presented from a combined field monitoring and numerical modelling study of flow dynamics within a floodplain recirculation zone. An array of four acoustic Doppler velocimeters (ADVs) was employed to monitor 3D flow velocities within a backwater site on the River Culm, Devon, UK. Patterns of measured mean velocity and turbulent kinetic energy are compared with the results of a numerical simulation of 3D flow carried out using the computational fluid dynamics software package fluent. Simulation results illustrate the presence of flow recirculation within the backwater zone, which is consistent with lateral flow convergence monitored in the field along the upstream portion of the channel-backwater interface. Both the simulation results and ADV data highlight the existence of a free-shear layer at the mixing interface between these flows, which is characterized by high levels of turbulent kinetic energy. However, simulated turbulent kinetic energy levels are significantly lower than those monitored in the field. In addition, ADV data illustrate deviations from isotropic turbulence that may not be simulated using a two-equation k-ɛ turbulence model. These results provide quantitative evidence of the hydraulic mechanisms responsible for promoting high rates of suspended sediment deposition in such backwater recirculation zones, and highlight several modelling issues that require further attention.
A tutorial on Multi-Block Discriminant Correspondence Analysis ( MUDICA ) : A new method for analyzing discourse data from clinical populations

Purpose. In communication disorders research, we frequently describe clinical groups based on patterns of performance, but we often study only few participants described by many quantitative and qualitative variables. These data are difficult to handle by standard inferential tools (e.g., ANOVA or factor analysis) whose assumptions are unfit for these data. This paper presents Multi-block Discriminant Correspondence Analysis (MUDICA) which is a recent method that can handle datasets not suited for standard inferential techniques.
New aspects and strategies for methane mitigation from ruminants 1

Citation for published version (APA): Kumar, S. , Choudhury, P. K. , Dolores Carro, M. , Griffith, G. W. , Dagar, S. S. , Puniya, M. , Calabro, S. , Ravella, S. R. , Dhewa, T. , Upadhyay, R. C. , Sirohi, S. K. , Kundu, S. S. , Wanapat, M. , & Puniya, A. K. (2014). New aspects and strategies for methane mitigation from ruminants. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 98(1), 31-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-013-5365-0
A Field Experiment to Study the Behavior of Tetrachloroethylene Below the Water Table: Spatial Distribution of Residual and Pooled DNAPL

This paper describes a field experiment involving the release of 230.9 liters of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) below the water table in a naturally occurring, unconfined sand aquifer. The release was executed in a 3 m X 3 m X 3.4 m deep, scalable-joint steel sheet-pile cell anchored into an underlying clay aquitard. After allowing 28 days for redistribution, excavation of the upper approximately 0.9 m of the cell revealed PCE pools and residual to be present in relatively coarser grained horizons, with substantial degrees of lateral flow having taken place. This lateral flow was observed in laminations and lenses ranging in thickness from a few mm to a few cm, with only subtle variations in texture separating individual migration pathways. Detailed sampling during the excavation procedure and subsampling of three cores extended down to the clay aquitard revealed a spatially variable distribution of PCE with saturations ranging from 1% to 38% of pore space. Laboratory measurement of a fully hysteretic capillary pressure curve demonstrated that the degree of nonwetting phase residual is a function of the maximum saturation attained along main drainage during the initial infiltration process. Various models for consolidated petroleum reservoir materials did not fit the experimental data well. The theory governing pool formation in heterogeneous porous media is also presented, and it is demonstrated that pools can form in homogeneous media exhibiting a distinct entry pressure.
Community-based participatory development of a community health worker mental health outreach role to extend collaborative care in post-Katrina New Orleans.

OBJECTIVES The REACH NOLA Mental Health Infrastructure and Training Project (MHIT) aimed to reduce disparities in access to and quality of services for depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in post-Katrina New Orleans by developing a mental health outreach role for community health workers (CHWs) and case managers as a complement to the collaborative care model for depression treatment. INTERVENTION Community agency leaders, academics, healthcare organizations, and CHWs engaged in a community participatory process to develop a CHW training program. DESIGN A review of qualitative data including semi-structured interviews, project team conference calls, email strings, and meeting minutes was conducted to document CHW input into training and responses to implementation. RESULTS CHW contributions resulted in a training program focused on community engagement, depression screening, education, referral assistance, collaboration with clinical teams, and self-care. CHWs reported use of screening tools, early client successes in spite of challenges with client engagement, increase in networking and collaboration with other community agencies and providers, and ongoing community hurricane recovery issues. CONCLUSIONS This intervention development approach and model may be used to address post-disaster mental health disparities and as a complement to traditional implementation of collaborative care.
Statistics and characteristics of permafrost and ground-ice distribution in the Northern Hemisphere

Abstract The recently published digital version of the International Permafrost Association (IPA) Circum-Arctic Map of Permafrost and Ground Ice Conditions (the IPA map), together with ancillary data sets of the global land cover characteristics data base and the Global Land One-kilometer Base Elevation data base, are used to investigate the distribution of permafrost and ground ice in the Northern Hemisphere. Our study indicates that permafrost underlies approximately 22.79×106 km2 or 23.9% of the exposed land area of the Northern Hemisphere. Permafrost extends from 26°N in the Himalayas to 84°N in northern Greenland. Approximately 70% of the permafrost is distributed between 45 and 67°N. Generally, permafrost with high ice content (>20% by volume) and relatively thick overburden cover (>5 to 10 m) is found at high latitudes, representing approximately 8.57% of the total permafrost area, or 2.02% of the exposed land area of the Northern Hemisphere. Permafrost with low ice content (<10% by volume with either thick or thin overburden cover) occurs mainly in mountainous regions and high plateaus, representing approximately 66.5% of the total permafrost area or 15.8% of the exposed land area. Approximately 62% of the permafrost of the Northern Hemisphere is found below 500 m a.s. l. and about 10% occurs above 3000 m a.s. l. Based on the IPA map categories, the estimated volume of ground ice in the Northern Hemisphere is between 5.63 and 15.12×103 km3, corresponding to ∼2–4 cm sea level equivalent. Based on alternative assumptions, the volume of ground ice may be between 11.37 and 36.55×103 km3, which corresponds to 3-10 cm sea-level equivalent.
Textural and modal analyses of picritic basalts with ChemCam Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

[1] The ChemCam instrument suite on the Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity provides standoff compositional information using the first Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) on a planetary mission and provides visual data on sample texture using a remote microimager. The LIBS technique is normally used to provide both qualitative (PCA, ICA) and quantitative (PLS) measurements. In this study we test its ability to evaluate variations in the proportion of different mineral phases, the distribution of mineral grains and the relative proportions of pyroxene and plagioclase in five basaltic rocks: (1) three picritic samples: Martian shergottite Dar al Gani 476 with olivine phenocrysts in a coarse-grained pyroxene-rich matrix; a terrestrial analog of Gusev basalt with a fine-grained matrix and equal amounts of pyroxene and plagioclase; a synthetic microlitic glass and (2) two basaltic terrestrial rocks. LIBS measurements were acquired at a 3-m standoff distance using a constant 400 μm beam size. The number of analysis locations per sample was fixed to five regardless of the rock texture. Results show that olivine phenocrysts can be easily distinguished from groundmass. The standard deviation of Ca/Al emission line ratios correlates with the grain size of the analyzed rocks and corresponds to the amount of plagioclase and pyroxene in the sample, even when the grain size is smaller than the laser spot size.
Missing Pattern of the Tidal Elevation Data in Korean Coasts

The missing data patterns of tidal elevation data in Korean coasts are analysed and provided. The missing interval of the data is displayed for all stations using the missing data indicator matrix in order to identify the overall missing pattern. The spatial and temporal missing rates are also estimated. The total missing rate of tidal elevation data is low. However, most of the missing is mainly derived from just 1 or 2 specific stations. The autocorrelation function of the consecutive missing interval data also shows that the missing interval occurs randomly.
Prevalence and clinical features of orbital vascular anomalies in children

ABSTRACT Purpose To report the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and natural history of orbital vascular anomalies diagnosed among children over a 50-year period. Methods The medical records of all patients <19 years diagnosed with any form of an orbital vascular anomaly (OVA) at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota from January 1 1966, through December 31 2015, were retrospectively reviewed. Results A total of 109 children were diagnosed with OVA during the 50-year period, of which 24 were from Olmsted County, MN, yielding a birth prevalence of 1 in 4,305 live births. The median age at diagnosis for the 109 patients was 1.2 years (range, 0–17.9 years) and 67 (61.5%) were female. Common presenting symptoms included proptosis in 80 (73.4%) patients, abnormalities in skin color in 45 (41.3%) patients, and pain in 18 (16.5%) patients. There were 55 (50.5%) vascular malformations [50 (91%) low-flow lymphatic malformations, 3 (5.5%) high-flow arteriovenous malformations, and 2 (3.5%) low-flow venous malformations] and 54 (49.5%) vascular tumors [53 (98%) capillary hemangiomas and 1 (2%) kaposiform hemangioendothelioma]. During a mean follow-up of 5.95 years (range 0–27.7 years), amblyopia and/or strabismus were diagnosed in 46 (43.4%) patients. Conclusions Capillary hemangiomas and low-flow lymphatic malformations comprise most of the orbital vascular anomalies in this cohort of children. Amblyopia and strabismus are common sequelae, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate management.