Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New FEC encoding technique based parity selected codes for 4-ary PAM signal

To ensure reliable communications,(an algorithm has been built for bit error detection and correction). To achieve this goal, special codeword combinations and their related parity codes are used as powerful detection and correction codes. All codeword combinations are divided into four main groups, where each code in a group has a common parity code. In this paper, we used the distance feature between special selected codeword combinations and unique combinations from a fixed set to improve the BER in digital communications systems. The results of using such algorithm show that 100% correction of two errors and 66% of three errors. The probability of detection is very high and up to 8 errors in different positions. All correction and detection processes are achieved with minimum number of transmitted bits representing 4- ary PAM symbols with compression ratio equals to 76% comparing to traditional distance parity check codes.
The Impact of the Connection Failure of Ground Solder Balls on Digital Signal Waveform

Ball-grid array (BGA) packages are widely used in digital signal devices, whose reliability and signal integrity are critical. In this research, the impact of failed ground solder balls on digital signal waveforms was theoretically modeled and analyzed, and the results were experimentally verified. A 3-D electromagnetic field model of a digital signal transmission channel with failed ground solder balls was developed to analyze the signal transmission in the frequency domain. In addition, a time-domain waveform simulation system was developed to examine the changes in the digital signal waveforms before and after degradation. Based on the structural and signal transmission characteristics of the solder area with failed ground solder balls, an equivalent circuit model of the degraded solder area was developed, which accurately predicts the effect of the failed ground solder balls on the amplitude and rising edge of the digital signals. The results obtained from the simulation were validated using experimental tests. This study fully examines the effects of the location and number of failed ground solder ball on signal transmission in both the frequency and the time domain. It provides insight and guidance regarding the impact on signal integrity of such faults, which serves to assist in improved packaging reliability and the development of fault detection strategies for such electronic systems.
Confocal fluorescent microscopy with a finite-sized circular detector

For a confocal fluorescent microscope with a finite-sized circular detector, the three-dimensional optical transfer function (OTF) for a thick object has been developed without the use of Stockseth’s approximation. The results show that the OTF has negative values when the radius of the detector exceeds certain magnitudes. The two-dimensional OTF derived from the three-dimensional OTF is also given.
Should Learning Analytics Models Include Sensitive Attributes? Explaining the Why

Many educational institutions are using predictive models to leverage actionable insights using student data and drive student success. A common task has been predicting students at risk of dropping out for the necessary interventions to be made. However, issues of discrimination by these predictive models based on protected attributes of students have recently been raised. An important question that is constantly asked is: should the protected attributes be excluded from the learning analytics (LA) models in order to ensure fairness? In this article, we aimed at answering questions that if we exclude the protected attributes from the LA models, does the exclusion ensure fairness as it supposedly should? Does the exclusion affect the performance of the LA model? If so, why? We found answers to these questions and went further to explain why. We built machine learning models and performed empirical evaluations using a three-year dropout data for a particular program in a large Australian university. We found that excluding or including the protected attributes had marginal effect on predictive performance and fairness. Perhaps not surprisingly, our findings suggest that the effect of including or excluding protected attributes is a function of how they relate with the prediction outcome. More specifically, if a protected attribute is correlated with the target label and proves to be an important feature, then their inclusion or exclusion would have effect on the performance and fairness and vice versa. Our findings provide insightful information that can be used by relevant stakeholders to make well-informed decisions.
The Effect Of Placement And Workload On Employee Performance With Motivation As A Mediation Variable at PT. Bank Lampung

The role of HR in the company is very important in the company's activities. Factors such as work placement, workload, and work motivation are important factors that determine employee performance. This study aims to determine the effect of work placement and workload on employee performance which is mediated by work motivation in employees of PT Bank Lampung. The sample of this research is 252 employees of PT. Lampung Bank. Data collection through a questionnaire based on a stratified random sampling technique and processed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the help of AMOS software. The results of this study indicate that employee placement has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, the workload has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, employee placement has a positive and significant effect on work motivation, the workload has a negative and insignificant effect on work motivation, work motivation has a positive effect and significant to employee performance, employee placement has an indirect effect on employee performance through the mediating variable of work motivation, and workload has an indirect effect on employee performance through the mediation variable of work motivation. This needs to be considered by the management of PT. To increase motivation and performance, Bank Lampung pays attention to the placement and workload of each employee according to the field and expectations so that the company's goals can be achieved.
Model Predictive Current Control With Model-Aid Extended State Observer Compensation for PMSM Drive

Model predictive current controller is a popular and effective technique to provide fast dynamic response in the field of motor control. However, conventional predictive controllers are susceptible to deteriorating control performance when model mismatch exists, such as changes in motor parameters due to the temperature variations. Therefore, this article proposes a precise model-aid extended state observer (MAESO) compensation-based real-time model predictive current controller with enhanced parameter robustness performance and high bandwidth. The predictive controller is converted into the form of multiparameter quadratic programming for online solution using numerical computational method and the constraints are linearized. In addition, the disturbances estimated by MAESO are fed back to the controller in the form of parameters for cycle-by-cycle compensation without extra controller design. Comparative simulations and experiments under different operating conditions are carried out to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
Mixed Hidden Markov Models for Longitudinal Data: An Overview

Dans cet article, nous passons en revue les méthodes statistiques combinant les modèles de Markov cachés (HMMs) et les modèles longitudinaux à effets aléatoires. Cette combinaison constitue la classe des modèles dits de Markov cachés mixtes, ou mixtures de modèles de Markov cachés. Cette classe présente plusieurs avantages. Il modélise la dépendance d’une réponse en des covariables, la dépendance sérielle, et l’hétérogénéité non observée. Il exploite les propriétés des HMMs, telles leur structure de dépendance relativement simple, et les procédés de calcul efficaces qui y sont attachés; il permet en outre la prise en compte d’une variété de grandeurs dépendant du temps. Nous étudions dans le détail l’algorithme “Expectation‐Maximization” pour l’estimation par maximum de vraisemblance des paramètres du modèle, et illustrons la méthode au moyen de deux applications à des données réelles: relations entre nombre de brevets déposés et dépenses de recherche/développement, et relations entre rendements d’actions et rendement du marché dans le cadre du modèle CAPM.
Gray coded trapezoidal fringes for 3-D surface-shape measurement

We propose a two-step trapezoidal-pattern phase-shifting method for 3-D surface-shape measurements. Shape measurements by trapezoidal phase-shifting methods require high-quality trapezoidal patterns. Furthermore, most of the video projectors are nonlinear, making it difficult to generate high quality phase without nonlinearity calibration and correction. To overcome the limitations, we propose a method for synthesizing trapezoidal intensity fringes as a way to solve the problems caused by projector/camera gamma nonlinearity. The fringe generation technique consists of projecting and acquiring a temporal sequence of strictly binary color patterns (Gray code), whose (adequately weighted) average leads to trapezoidal fringe patterns with the required number of bits, which allows a reliable three-dimensional profile reconstruction using phase-shifting methods. Validation experiments are presented.
A Study on Impact of Social Media Among Students of Adolescent Age Group on Individual Performance

Purpose: The objective of the study was to identify how adoptive teens are to social media, their reactions when controlled from using and also the areas of positive and negative outcome in students, especially all these, from their own perception. Academic performance, social intelligence and health are considered and studied from outcome perspective. Theoretical framework: Recent literature has reported impacts of usage of social media on performance, privacy and health on teens. However, both positive and negative impacts can’t be ruled out. Design/methodology/approach: The sample population consisted of male and female students in the age group of 14 – 19 from across different schools and colleges in and around Chennai during 2020. Primary data was collected from students across schools and colleges through personal interview with constructive structured questionnaire as well as through online using Google Forms. Judgment sampling method was used Findings: The direct and indirect impacts of (SM) input such as interactive and entertainment type of apps on the output like academic performance, social intelligence and health, through the mediating processes such as reaction and adoption to SM, are identified, studied and analyzed. Research, Practical & Social implications: In addition to the overall performance and social intelligence, health (socially) and privacy (management), are the key concerns for the teens that need to be looked at in the long run. Originality/value: The results indicate that the usage of SM by teens impacts both positively and negatively as well.
Evaluation of the effects of pine-sourced biochar on cattle performance and methane and carbon dioxide production from growing and finishing steers

Abstract A feedlot growing (77-d) and finishing (111-d) experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding biochar on steer performance, methane and carbon dioxide emissions, and carcass characteristics. Two treatments were evaluated, a control diet without biochar and the same diet with biochar included at 0.8% of dietary DM (growing) or 1.0% of dietary DM (finishing). The growing diet consisted of 40% corn silage, 40% wheat straw, 15% modified distillers grains plus solubles, and 5% supplement, with 0.8% biochar replacing fine ground corn in supplement. The finishing diet consisted of 55% high-moisture corn (HMC), 35% Sweet Bran, 5% wheat straw, and 5% supplement, with biochar replacing 1.0% HMC and added as an ingredient. Biochar was sourced from ponderosa pine wood waste (High Plains Biochar, Laramie, WY) and was 83% C with 426 m2/g surface area for both experiments. Crossbred steers were utilized in the growing (n = 160; initial BW = 363 kg; SD = 16 kg) and finishing (n = 128; initial; BW = 480 kg; SD = 17 kg) experiments, blocked by BW, and assigned randomly to 16 pens. Pens were assigned randomly to one of two treatments (biochar vs. control) with eight replications per treatment. Four pen replications per treatment were paired within BW block and rotated randomly through an emissions barn with two chambers (each treatment was evaluated simultaneously and for two rotations) to capture average weekly emissions of CH4 and CO2. Pen was the experimental unit and chamber was included as a fixed effect for emissions data. There were no statistical differences (P ≥ 0.23) in performance outcomes between treatments for the growing experiment. Dry matter intake (DMI; P < 0.01) and average daily gain (ADG; P = 0.02) were 2.2% and 5.9% lower for biochar-fed steers in the finishing experiment, respectively, resulting in a lighter hot carcass weight (P = 0.10) and lower calculated USDA yield grade (P = 0.02). Emissions of CH4 and CO2 were not affected by biochar inclusion in the growing (P ≥ 0.22) or finishing experiment (P ≥ 0.60). Results from these experiments show no indication that feeding biochar, supplemented at 0.8% (growing), and 1.0% (finishing) of the diet DM, reduces methane emissions in growing or finishing cattle.
Theoretical sensitivity analysis of quadruple Vernier racetrack resonators designed for fabrication on the silicon-on-insulator platform

Vernier racetrack resonators offer advantages over single racetrack resonators such as extending the free spectral range (FSR). 1-3 Here, we have presented a theoretical sensitivity analysis on quadruple Vernier racetrack resonators based on varying, one at a time, various fabrication dependent parameters. These parameters include the waveguide widths, heights, and propagation losses. We have shown that it should be possible to design a device that meets typical commercial specifications while being tolerant to changes in these parameters.
Konsekuensi Penggunakan Entity Theory sebagai Konsep Dasar Standar Akuntansi Perbankan Syariâ€™ah

The objective of the paper essentially is to criticize an important assumption of PSAK No. 59, that is, entity theory which is implicitly utilized as a basis for setting PSAK No. 59. After analyzing the theory, it is indicated that entity theory is strongly influenced by capiÂ¬talistic and utilitarian values which consequently: (1) shapes accounting to be (1) egoistic, (2) maÂ¬terialistic, (3) masculine, (4) quantitative, and (5) neglects externalities. Under the values of capitalism and utilitarianism, it is probable that users of the Financial Statements of Islamic Banks will behave in the same manner with the conventional ones. Keywords: Entity Theory, Capitalism, Utilitarianism, Egoism, and PSAK No. 59.
Study on Health Monitoring and Fatigue Life Prediction of Aircraft Structures

In this paper, some progress and achievements in aircraft integrity requirements, structural health monitoring, load spectrum measurement and life assessment research were presented. Several concepts of structural health monitoring were analyzed and compared, and the basic flow chart for health monitoring and life prediction of an aircraft structure was given. The selection of control points, construction of load/strain equations and stress calculation of control points were also described. Reliable IAT (Individual Aircraft Tracking) and life monitoring methods and software for IAT were developed for a certain type of aircraft, and fatigue life prediction of an aging aircraft was conducted based on actual measurement of load spectrum. The main features such as damage calculation, life evaluation and result output were discussed, and the future research focuses relating to intelligent structural health monitoring were finally explored.
Modelling subjective use of an ordinal response scale in a many period crossover experiment

Summary. The analysis of psychoacoustic experiments in telecommunications research motivates the modelling of a repeated ordinal response by using logit models in which subject effects are both additive and multiplicative. Estimation by maximum likelihood and using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods is discussed, and the results are compared. The models and methods used are of potential value in many other applied contexts which involve a subjective interpretation of response category labels.
Uncovering Plant Virus Species Forming Novel Provisional Taxonomic Units Related to the Family Benyviridae

Based on analyses of recent open-source data, this paper describes novel horizons in the diversity and taxonomy of beny-like viruses infecting hosts of the plant kingdom (Plantae or Archaeplastida). First, our data expand the known host range of the family Benyviridae to include red algae. Second, our phylogenetic analysis suggests that the evolution of this virus family may have involved cross-kingdom host change events and gene recombination/exchanges between distant taxa. Third, the identification of gene blocks encoding known movement proteins in beny-like RNA viruses infecting non-vascular plants confirms other evidence that plant virus genomic RNAs may have acquired movement proteins simultaneously or even prior to the evolutionary emergence of the plant vascular system. Fourth, novel data on plant virus diversity highlight that molecular evolution gave rise to numerous provisional species of land-plant-infecting viruses, which encode no known potential movement genetic systems.
Learning with multi-objective criteria

The paper presents a new algorithm for learning with neural networks based on multi objective performance criteria. It considers three performance indices (or cost functions) as the objectives, which are the Euclidean distance and maximum difference measurements between the real nonlinear system and the nonlinear model (L/sub 2/, L/sub /spl infin// norms), and the complexity measure of the nonlinear model, instead of a single performance index. An algorithm based on the method of inequalities, least squares and genetic algorithms is developed for optimising over the multi objective criteria. Genetic algorithms are also used simultaneously for model selection in which the structure of the neural networks are determined. The Volterra polynomial basis function network and the Gaussian radial basis function network are applied to the identification of a liquid level nonlinear system.
The Patatin–Like Phospholipase Domain Containing Protein 7 Regulates Macrophage Classical Activation through SIRT1/NF-κB and p38 MAPK Pathways

Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is a bioactive lipid that modulates macrophage polarization during immune responses, inflammation, and tissue remodeling. Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 7 (PNPLA7) is a lysophospholipase with a preference for LPC. However, the role of PNPLA7 in macrophage polarization as an LPC hydrolase has not been explored. In the current study, we found that PNPLA7 is highly expressed in naïve macrophages and downregulated upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced polarization towards the classically activated (M1) phenotype. Consistently, overexpression of PNPLA7 suppressed the expression of proinflammatory M1 marker genes, including interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), whereas knockdown of PNPLA7 augmented the inflammatory gene expression in LPS-challenged macrophages. PNPLA7 overexpression and knockdown increased and decreased Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) mRNA and protein levels, respectively, and affected the acetylation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 subunit, a key transcription factor in M1 polarization. In addition, the levels of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were suppressed and enhanced by PNPLA7 overexpression and knockdown, respectively. Taken together, these findings suggest that PNPLA7 suppresses M1 polarization of LPS-challenged macrophages by modulating SIRT1/NF-κB- and p38 MAPK-dependent pathways.
Multiobjective Optimization and Multiphysics Design of a 5 MW High-Speed IPMSM Used in FESS Based on NSGA-II

The flywheel energy storage system (FESS) has high-power density and fast response speed, hence it is widely used as a pulse power supply. For the high-speed permanent magnet synchronous machine (HSPMSM) used in high-power FESS, there are two technical problems that need to be solved, including huge centrifugal forces of the rotor at a high-speed operation region and large phase currents at a low-speed operation region. In this paper, a 5 MW high-speed interior PMSM (HSIPMSM) is designed for FESS. The design goal of this electric machine is to reduce the maximum phase current at the lowest speed as much as possible while ensuring the rotor mechanical strength. Based on the response surface (RS) model and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), the multiobjective design of the HSIPMSM is accomplished using 29 groups of multiphysical field finite element analysis (FEA) sampling experiments. The computational cost is effectively reduced. In addition, the constant power optimal trajectory and control switching speed of the HSIPMSM are analyzed and discussed, and the reason that the constant power flux weakening region of the designed HSIPMSM is not wide and the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) mode is adopted at a low-speed operation region is further illustrated.
Aircraft weapons bay high frequency acoustic suppression apparatus

An aircraft weapons bay high frequency acoustic suppression apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes an extendable spoiler retractably received within an aircraft weapons bay. An injector unit is received within the spoiler for injecting high frequency pulses of pressurized gas into the airstream. The injector unit includes a resonance tube in outlet fluid communication with an nozzle. The pulsating output of the resonance tube perturbs the flow of pressurized gas in the nozzle, effectively breaking it up into discrete slugs or pulses which then exit the nozzle and enter the airstream. The high frequency perturbation of the airflow across the weapons bay, created by the aircraft weapons bay high frequency acoustic suppression apparatus of the present invention effectively suppresses undesirable acoustic resonance within the open weapons bay.
Bayesian inference in hidden Markov models through the reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo method

Hidden Markov models form an extension of mixture models which provides a flexible class of models exhibiting dependence and a possibly large degree of variability. We show how reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques can be used to estimate the parameters as well as the number of components of a hidden Markov model in a Bayesian framework. We employ a mixture of zero‐mean normal distributions as our main example and apply this model to three sets of data from finance, meteorology and geomagnetism.