Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Improved Predictive Current Control Technique for Open-End Winding Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive with reduced Ripples for EVs

Permanent Magnet Synchronous motors (PMSM) are the special motors which are widely used in the applications of Electric Vehicles (EVs). Predictive current control (PCC) is the method which is popularly used for the control of PMSM. Generally, a two-level inverter is used to feed the PMSM in the mentioned process, but an Open -End Winding PMSM (OEWPMSM) fed from both the sides with two-level inverters will produce multi-level characteristics which gives lesser torque and flux ripples. In conventional PCC (C-PCC), the optimal voltage vector (OVV) is selected by calculating the error between reference value stator current and predicted value of stator currents. Here, the same OVV is selected for an entire control interval and hence there are more ripples. In the proposed PCC, a null vector is included with OVV which is for only certain time in control interval known as duty cycle. The proposed PCC has developed with improved cost function which includes flux weights and duty cycle calculations and gives the current error value more accurately to minimize the ripples in torque & flux. Simulation studies are performed for an OEW-PMSM fed with dual inverter with three level inversion for conventional and proposed PCC.
Effect of Epoxidized and Maleinized Corn Oil on Properties of Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Blend

The present work analyzes the influence of modified, epoxidized and maleinized corn oil as a plasticizing and/or compatibilizing agent in the PLA–PHB blend (75% PLA and 25% PHB wt.%). The chemical modification processes of corn oil were successfully carried out and different quantities were used, between 0 and 10% wt. %. The different blends obtained were characterized by thermal, mechanical, morphological, and disintegration tests under composting conditions. It was observed that to achieve the same plasticizing effect, less maleinized corn oil (MCO) is needed than epoxidized corn oil (ECO). Both oils improve the ductile properties of the PLA–PHB blend, such as elongation at break and impact absorb energy, however, the strength properties decrease. The ones that show the highest ductility values are those that contain 10% ECO and 5% MCO, improving the elongation of the break of the PLA–PHB blend by more than 400% and by more than 800% for the sample PLA.
Image segmentation of micro-TIG battery welds

Inspection of cell-to-tab welds in module assembly for battery pack is one the most critical processes in the production of battery packs for transportation electrification. A procedure suitable for the segmentation of weld images on module assembly lines is proposed to separate them into weld and tab regions. The procedure is centred around identifying the edge of the weld and the convex hull region that includes it. The edge is detected with a fuzzy logic rule-based inference system. The procedure is demonstrated with a set of 71 images that are labelled to establish a comparison reference, the so called ground truth. Particle swarm optimisation is used to find values of the parameter procedure that result in a a local minimum of the mean percent error (MPE). An MPE of 4.25 per cent has been obtained.
The Influence of Emissions from Maritime Transport on Air Quality in the Strait of Gibraltar (Spain)

Gaseous and particulate emissions from oceangoing ships have a significant effect on the quality of air in cities. This study estimates mainly the influence of NOx, SOx, and particulate matter (PM2.5) on air quality in the Strait of Gibraltar (Spain) using the authors’ own Ship’s Energy and Emissions Model (SENEM) and the California Puff air quality model (CALPUFF) in 2017. The Algeciras Bay Industrial Zone recorded the highest levels of pollutants, and the Palmones area was identified as a major hotspot, with mean daily ship-sourced SOx concentrations >215 μg/m3, while the highest concentrations of PM10 reached 8.5 μg/m3 inside the Strait, and the mean yearly contribution of PM2.5 reached 0.86 μg/m3 in the city of Algeciras. The incidence of maritime traffic emissions on the levels of particle emissions, CO, HC, NMVOC, and CO2 reached values of up to 20–25% in all the receivers defined in the study.
TIDAL RADII AND DESTRUCTION RATES OF GLOBULAR CLUSTERS IN THE MILKY WAY DUE TO BULGE–BAR AND DISK SHOCKING

We calculate orbits, tidal radii, and bulge–bar and disk shocking destruction rates for 63 globular clusters in our Galaxy. Orbits are integrated in both an axisymmetric and a nonaxisymmetric Galactic potential that includes a bar and a three-dimensional model for the spiral arms. With the use of a Monte Carlo scheme, we consider in our simulations observational uncertainties in the kinematical data of the clusters. In the analysis of destruction rates due to the bulge–bar, we consider the rigorous treatment of using the real Galactic cluster orbit instead of the usual linear trajectory employed in previous studies. We compare results in both treatments. We find that the theoretical tidal radius computed in the nonaxisymmetric Galactic potential compares better with the observed tidal radius than that obtained in the axisymmetric potential. In both Galactic potentials, bulge-shocking destruction rates computed with a linear trajectory of a cluster at its perigalacticons give a good approximation of the result obtained with the real trajectory of the cluster. Bulge-shocking destruction rates for clusters with perigalacticons in the inner Galactic region are smaller in the nonaxisymmetric potential than those in the axisymmetric potential. For the majority of clusters with high orbital eccentricities (e > 0.5), their total bulge+disk destruction rates are smaller in the nonaxisymmetric potential.
Radio emission in the cosmic web

We explore the possibility of detecting radio emission in the cosmic web by analysing shock waves in the MareNostrum cosmological simulation. This requires a careful calibration of shock finding algorithms in smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations, which we present here. Moreover, we identify the elements of the cosmic web, namely voids, walls, filaments and clusters with the use of the SpineWeb technique, a procedure that classifies the structure in terms of its topology. Thus, we are able to study the Mach number distribution as a function of its environment. We find that the median Mach number for clusters is , for filaments is , for walls is and for voids is . We then estimate the radio emission in the cosmic web using the formalism derived in Hoeft & Bruggen. We also find that in order to match our simulations with observational data [e.g. NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) radio relic luminosity function], a fraction of energy dissipated at the shock of ξe= 0.0005 is needed, in contrast with the ξe= 0.005 proposed by Hoeft et al. We find that 41 per cent of clusters with M≥ 1014 M⊙ host diffuse radio emission in the form of radio relics. Moreover, we predict that the radio flux from filaments should be Jy at a frequency of 150 MHz.
INVESTIGATING THE POTENTIAL DILUTION OF THE METAL CONTENT OF HOT GAS IN EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES BY ACCRETED COLD GAS

The measured emission-weighted metal abundance of the hot gas in early-type galaxies has been known to be lower than theoretical expectations for 20 years. In addition, both X-ray luminosity and metal abundance vary significantly among galaxies of similar optical luminosities. This suggests some missing factors in the galaxy evolution process, especially the metal enrichment process. With Chandra and XMM-Newton, we studied 32 early-type galaxies (kT ≲ 1 keV) covering a span of two orders of LX, gas/LK to investigate these missing factors. Contrary to previous studies that X-ray faint galaxies show extremely low Fe abundance (∼0.1 Z☉), nearly all galaxies in our sample show an Fe abundance at least 0.3 Z☉, although the measured Fe abundance difference between X-ray faint and X-ray bright galaxies remains remarkable. We investigated whether this dichotomy of hot gas Fe abundances can be related to the dilution of hot gas by mixing with cold gas. With a subset of 24 galaxies in this sample, we find that there is virtually no correlation between hot gas Fe abundances and their atomic gas content, which disproves the scenario that the low metal abundance of X-ray faint galaxies might be a result of the dilution of the remaining hot gas by pristine atomic gas. In contrast, we demonstrate a negative correlation between the measured hot gas Fe abundance and the ratio of molecular gas mass to hot gas mass, although it is unclear what is responsible for this apparent anti-correlation. We discuss several possibilities including that externally originated molecular gas might be able to dilute the hot gas metal content. Alternatively, the measured hot gas Fe abundance may be underestimated due to more complex temperature and abundance structures and even a two-temperature model might be insufficient to reflect the true value of the emission weighted mean Fe abundance.
Management of Enteral Feeding and Application of Probiotics in Very Low Birth Weight Infants – A National Survey in German NICUs

Abstract Background The advantage of breast milk feeding, and supplementation of probiotics is well known and proven. However, the lack of reliable amounts of colostrum and/or transient breast milk during the first few postnatal days might inhibit timely enteral nutrition. Methods The aim of this nationwide survey in German Level-1 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) was to collect data regarding the management of feeding in the first days of life in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs, birth weight<1500 g). In addition, we analyzed differences in the use of probiotics. An online survey was sent to all 163 Level-1 NICUs in Germany. Results 110/163 (67.5%) hospitals participated in our study. One-fifth of all participants used exclusively breast milk. The reported incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) was lower in NICUs that exclusively used breast milk in VLBWIs (p=0.08). Two-thirds start enteral feeding independent of gestational age during the first 12 hours postnatally with either breast milk or formula. 80% of all participants checked gastric residuals routinely. The use of probiotics differs widely concerning duration and interruption during antibiotic therapy. Conclusion The exclusive use of breast milk is associated with a lower incidence of NEC. The result of our survey emphasizes the paramount importance of nutrition with mother`s milk. In case of insufficient availability of mother`s milk, the use of human donor milk still appears to be superior to formula feeding. The implementation of human donor milk banks should therefore be promoted.
Polar order and diffuse scatter in Ba(Ti1-xZrx)O3 ceramics

The Ba(Ti1−xZrx)O3 (BTZ) system with x≤0.35 has been studied using a combination of x-ray diffraction, dielectric measurements, Raman spectroscopy, and electron diffraction with a view to better understand the changes in structure and correlation length of polar order as a function of composition and temperature. Careful fitting of Raman spectra has confirmed stabilization of the orthorhombic phase at room temperature in x=0.05 with mixed phase (orthorhombic and rhombohedral) present at 80 K. Raman data suggest that the rhombohedral phase is most likely to be present at low temperature for x=0.15 and 0.25 and that only short range polar order evolves in x=0.35. Interpretation of the Raman spectra is in broad agreement with the dielectric data as a function of composition and temperature. Diffuse scatter at room temperature in high order zone axis electron diffraction remains essentially identical for all compositions irrespective of structure and correlation length of polar order. The diffuse maxima are t.
The Weyl-Dirac Theory and Our Universe

This book shows that some unexplained cosmological and electrodynamic phenomena may be treated and understood in the geometrically based framework of Weyl and Dirac. After a short introductory chapter, Chapters 2 and 3 consider the Weyl-Dirac space-time as a geometric basis appropriate for building up relativistic theories. In the following chapter the Weyl-Dirac unified theory of gravitation and eletromagnetism, as well as its consequences, are discussed. Chapter 5 presents a modified version of the original Weyl-Dirac theory. In Chapter 6 the Weyl-Dirac theory enriched by Rosen's approach is considered as a source of geometrically based dark matter. Chapter 7 gives an integrable version of Weyl-Dirac theory, in which matter is created by geometry. In Chapter 8 an outlook of the Weyl-Dirac framework is given and its applicability to extended theories of electromagnetism, and cosmology is discussed.
N-Alkylhydantoins as New Organogelators and Their Ability to Create Thixotropic Mixed Molecular Organogels

The author reported molecular organogels using N-alkylhydantoins as new low-molecular-weight gelators for the first time, and thixotropic mixed molecular organogels using a set of N-alkylhydantoin gelators with different alkyl chain lengths. These homologous compounds with different alkyl chains are found to form macroscopic crystals or solution states in polar solvents, but form homogeneous organogels in non-polar solvents, such as n-octane and squalane. Although there is no significant increase in the minimum gelation concentration of the mixed molecular gels using squalane as a solvent, these mixed molecular organogels show improved mechanical properties, especially in their thixotropic behavior, which is not observed in the single N-alkylhydantoin gels. Furthermore, they exhibit reversible thixotropic behavior with quick recovery of the gel state in a minute by quantitatively measuring dynamic viscoelasticity measurements of rheometry of mixed molecular gels. Based on the morphological observations of the xerogels, the self-assembling fibers of the gelators become finer, indicating an increase in the density of the mesh structure inside the gel, which could explain its thixotropic behavior. These thixotropic mixed molecular gels may be applicable to ointment base materials, because they are gelled with squalane oil.
SEARCHING FOR z ∼ 7.7 Lyα EMITTERS IN THE COSMOS FIELD WITH NEWFIRM

The study of Lyα emission in the high-redshift universe is a useful probe of the epoch of reionization, as the Lyα line should be attenuated by the intergalactic medium (IGM) at low to moderate neutral hydrogen fractions. Here we present the results of a deep and wide imaging search for Lyα emitters in the Cosmological Evolution Survey field. We have used two ultra-narrowband filters (filter width of ∼8–9 Å) on the NOAO Extremely Wide-Field Infrared Mosaic camera, installed on the Mayall 4 m telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory, in order to isolate Lyα emitters at z = 7.7; such ultra-narrowband imaging searches have proved to be excellent at detecting Lyα emitters. We found 5σ detections of four candidate Lyα emitters in a survey volume of 2.8 × 104 Mpc3 (total survey area ∼760 arcmin2). Each candidate has a line flux greater than 8 × 10−18 erg s−1 cm−2. Using these results to construct a luminosity function and comparing to previously established Lyα luminosity functions at z = 5.7 and z = 6.5, we find no conclusive evidence for evolution of the luminosity function between z = 5.7 and z = 7.7. Statistical Monte Carlo simulations suggest that half of these candidates are real z = 7.7 targets, and spectroscopic follow-up will be required to verify the redshift of these candidates. However, our results are consistent with no strong evolution in the neutral hydrogen fraction of the IGM between z = 5.7 and z = 7.7, even if only one or two of the z = 7.7 candidates are spectroscopically confirmed.
Characterization and Modeling of UHF Wireless Channel in Terrestrial SFN Environments: Urban Fading Profiles

This paper proposes several realistic fading channel models to describe the signal distortions that arise in single frequency network (SFN) environments. The proposed models characterize ultra-high frequency (UHF) wireless channels based on measurements from operating networks in metropolitan areas. In this paper, the unique features of SFN transmission are identified compared to the conventional, single antenna transmission channels. The impacts of urban propagation, tower configuration, and mobile and terrain effects are considered based on the tapped delay line structure. The proposed models can provide a useful reference to facilitate the SFN system design, network planning, verification, and receiver performance test. Free MATLAB source code of the fading simulator is available at https://github.com/ETRI-KMOU/FadingChannelSimulator.
Discovery of Four kpc-Scale Binary AGNs

We report the discovery of four kpc-scale binary AGNs. These obj cts were originally selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey based on double-peaked [O III] λλ4959,5007 emission lines in their fiber spectra. The double peaks could result from pairing active supermass ive black holes (SMBHs) in a galaxy merger, or could be due to bulk motions of narrow-line region gas arou nd a single SMBH. Deep near-infrared (NIR) images and optical slit spectra obtained from the Magellan 6 . 5 m and the APO 3.5 m telescopes strongly support the binary SMBH scenario for the four objects. In eac h system, the NIR images reveal tidal features and double stellar components with a projected separation o f several kpc, while optical slit spectra show two Seyfert 2 nuclei spatially coincident with the stellar comp onents, with line-of-sight velocity offsets of a few hundred km s −1. These objects were drawn from a sample of only 43 objects, de monstrating the efficiency of this technique to find kpc-scale binary AGNs. Subject headings: black hole physics – galaxies: active – galaxies: interacti ons – galaxies: nuclei – galaxies: Seyfert – quasars: general
Projective Loop Quantum Gravity I. State Space

Instead of formulating the state space of a quantum field theory over one big Hilbert space, it has been proposed by Kijowski to describe quantum states as projective families of density matrices over a collection of smaller, simpler Hilbert spaces. Beside the physical motivations for this approach, it could help designing a quantum state space holding the states we need. In [Oko{\l}\'ow 2013, arXiv:1304.6330] the description of a theory of Abelian connections within this framework was developed, an important insight being to use building blocks labeled by combinations of edges and surfaces. The present work generalizes this construction to an arbitrary gauge group G (in particular, G is neither assumed to be Abelian nor compact). This involves refining the definition of the label set, as well as deriving explicit formulas to relate the Hilbert spaces attached to different labels. If the gauge group happens to be compact, we also have at our disposal the well-established Ashtekar-Lewandowski Hilbert space, which is defined as an inductive limit using building blocks labeled by edges only. We then show that the quantum state space presented here can be thought as a natural extension of the space of density matrices over this Hilbert space. In addition, it is manifest from the classical counterparts of both formalisms that the projective approach allows for a more balanced treatment of the holonomy and flux variables, so it might pave the way for the development of more satisfactory coherent states.
Ultrafast optical response of the amorphous and crystalline states of the phase change material Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5

We examine the ultrafast optical response of the crystalline and amorphous phases of the phase change material ${\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{5}$ (GST) below the phase transformation threshold. Simultaneous measurement of the transmissivity and reflectivity of thin film samples yields the time-dependent evolution of the dielectric function for both phases. We then identify how lattice motion and electronic excitation manifest in the dielectric response. The dielectric response of both phases is large but markedly different. At 800 nm, the changes in amorphous GST are well described by the Drude response of the generated photocarriers, whereas the crystalline phase is better described by the depopulation of resonant bonds. We find that the generated coherent phonons have a greater influence in the amorphous phase than the crystalline phase. Furthermore, coherent phonons do not influence resonant bonding. For fluences up to 50% of the transformation threshold, the structure does not exhibit bond softening in either phase, enabling large changes of the optical properties without structural modification.
Combination of a Novel Fusion Protein CD3εζ28 and Bispecific T Cell Engager Enhances the Persistance and Anti-Cancer Effects of T Cells

Simple Summary Bi-specific T cell engager (BiTE) has shown promising therapeutic potential in preclinical and clinical studies. However, T cells cannot be sufficiently activated by BiTE, most likely due to lacking co-stimulatory signal. We, therefore, designed a chimeric fusion protein, named as CD3εζ28, which consists of the CD3ε extracellular region, the CD28 costimulatory signal and the intracellular region of CD3ζ in tandem. Our results demonstrated that T cells genetically modified to express CD3εζ28 could be sufficiently activated and effectively kill tumor cells in presence of BiTE molecules in vitro, and, thus, show superior anti-tumor effects on xenograft tumor models. Taken together, incorporating co-stimulatory signal may be an effective approach to improve the effector function of T cells mediated by BiTE. Abstract Bi-specific T cell engager (BiTE), an artificial bi-functional fusion protein, has shown promising therapeutic potential in preclinical and clinical studies. However, T cells cannot be sufficiently activated by BiTE, most likely due to lacking co-stimulatory signal. We reasoned that incorporating co-stimulatory signal might have the potential to enhance the T cell activation mediated by BiTE. We, therefore, designed a chimeric fusion protein, named as CD3εζ28, which consists of the CD3ε extracellular region, the CD28 costimulatory signal and the intracellular region of CD3ζ in tandem. T cells genetically modified to express both CD3εζ28 and GFP (T-CD3εζ28-GFP) were generated by retroviral transduction. The results from in vitro experiments showed that T-CD3εζCD28-GFP cells had superior cytotoxic effects on tumor cells in presence of BiTE compared with control T cells, as evidenced by IL-2 and IFN-γ production, T cell proliferation and sequential killing assay. In vivo, T-CD3εζCD28-GFP cells showed superior anti-tumor effects in Hela-BiTE. EGFRvIII xenograft tumor model, as evaluated by tumor growth rate and T cell persistence in comparison with control T cells. In order to further confirm these findings, we generated T cells modified to express both CD3εζCD28 on cell surface and BiTE.CD19 by autocrine manner (T-CD3εζCD28-BiTE.19). The superior anti-tumor effects of T-CD3εζCD28-BiTE.19 cells could also be evidenced by the similar in vitro and in vivo experiments; thus, incorporating co-stimulatory signal may be an effective approach to improve the effector function of T cells mediated by BiTE.