Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modified see variable selection for linear instrumental variable regression models

Abstract This article considers the problem of variable selection for a class of linear regression models with instrumental variables. We focus on the case that the covariates are endogenous variables, and some auxiliary instrumental variables are available. An instrumental variable based variable selection procedure is proposed by using a modified smooth-threshold estimating equations (SEE). The proposed method can attenuate the effect of endogeneity of covariates, and can avoid the convex optimization problem. Hence, it is flexible and easy to implement. Simulation results indicate that the proposed variable selection method is workable.
Automatic inspection of yarn-dyed fabric density by mathematical statistics of sub-images

To inspect the yarn-dyed fabric density automatically, an effective image analysis method based on mathematical statistics of sub-images is proposed in this paper. This method consists of two main steps: rough measurement and precise measurement. The rough measurement is based on projection curve of the whole fabric image. The fabric image is converted into HSV model from RGB model firstly, and then the projection curve of value is gained directly. The number of yarns is obtained by counting the number of peaks in the curve roughly. The precise measurement is based on projection curves of the fabric sub-images. According to the roughly estimated yarn number, the whole fabric image is divided into a certain amount of sub-images and the projection method is applied to all the sub-images, respectively. The probability distribution map of peaks is obtained by processing the projection curves of all sub-images and the positions of the yarn center are located in the frequency curve generated from the map by mathematical statistics method. The number of peaks in the frequency curve is counted, and, therefore, the number of yarns is detected, and the density can be calculated precisely. The experimental results proved that the proposed method is effective for yarn-dyed fabrics and can satisfy the requirement for production practice.
Polymorphism and Disorder in a Close-Packed Structure

We show by decurving techniques that there are two possible atomic arrangements for the tetrahedrally close-packed Mg32(Zn, Al)49 structure, which have the same elastic energy to first order. One is the structure of Bergman, Waugh and Pauling, which is b.c.c. and has one single network of Frank-Kasper lines and 15-coordinated atoms. The other is simple cubic, is an elementary decoration of the A15 structure, and has two interlaced networks of disclinations. Disorder occurs when one atomic arrangement is patched up with its surrounding made of the other. The energetics is accurately described by an Ising model on a b.c.c. lattice, with next-nearest-neighbour interactions.
Spherical Wrist Manipulator Local Planner for Redundant Tasks in Collaborative Environments

Standard industrial robotic manipulators use well-established high performing technologies. However, such manipulators do not guarantee a safe Human–Robot Interaction (HRI), limiting their usage in industrial and medical applications. This paper proposes a novel local path planner for spherical wrist manipulators to control the execution of tasks where the manipulator number of joints is redundant. Such redundancy is used to optimize robot motion and dexterity. We present an intuitive parametrization of the end-effector (EE) angular motion, which decouples the rotation of the third joint of the wrist from the rest of the angular motions. Manipulator EE motion is controlled through a decentralized linear system with closed-loop architecture. The local planner integrates a novel collision avoidance strategy based on a potential repulsive vector applied to the EE. Contrary to classic potential field approaches, the collision avoidance algorithm considers the entire manipulator surface, enhancing human safety. The local path planner is simulated in three generic scenarios: (i) following a periodic reference, (ii) a random sequence of step signal references, and (iii) avoiding instantly introduced obstacles. Time and frequency domain analysis demonstrated that the developed planner, aside from better parametrizing redundant tasks, is capable of successfully executing the simulated paths (max error = 0.25°) and avoiding obstacles.
Theory of the ultrafast optical response of active semiconductor waveguides

Analytical expressions for the optical response of active semiconductor waveguides are derived, taking into account the effects of propagation, gain, and index dispersion as well as pulse chirp. The dynamics of the gain and the index that are due to carrier density changes, carrier heating, and spectral holeburning are derived from semiclassical density-matrix equations, and instantaneous two-photon and Kerr effects are included phenomenologically. It is shown that dispersion of the gain strongly affects short-pulse pump-and-probe measurements, since it induces a coupling between the phase and the intensity of the probe pulses. Good agreement with published experimental data is obtained.
Occurrence of Forssman Heterogenetic Antigen in the Nematode, Trichinella Spiralis

Evidence along three lines was presented which suggests the occurrence of Forssman heterogenetic antigen in the nematode, T. spiralis. Rabbit serum which contained anti-trichinella antibody lysed sheep red blood cells, the hemolysin was absorbed by known heterogenetic antigen (guinea-pig kidney emulsion), and trichinous rabbit serum produced characteristic reactions upon injection into two animals whose tissues contain heterogenetic antigen, the guinea-pig and the chicken. A preliminary attempt to elucidate the effect upon the disease trichinosis of the presence of heterogenetic antigen in its etiological agent was inconclusive, although it appeared that reaction to the intracutaneous test commonly used in the diagnosis of trichinosis might be modified in animals with high titers of heterophile antibody.
Properties that Cannot Be Explained by the Progenitors of Planetary Nebulae

I classify a large number of planetary nebulae (458) according to the process that caused their progenitors to blow axisymmetrical winds. The classification is based primarily on the morphologies of the different planetary nebulae, assuming that binary companions, stellar or substellar, are necessary in order to have axisymmetrical mass loss on the asymptotic giant branch. I propose four evolutionary classes, according to the binary-model hypothesis: (1) Progenitors of planetary nebula that did not interact with any companion. These amount to ~10% of all planetary nebulae. (2) Progenitors that interact with stellar companions that avoided a common envelope, 11+2−3% of all nebulae. (3) Progenitors that interact with stellar companions via a common envelope phase, 23+11−5% of all nebulae. (4) Progenitors that interact with substellar (i.e., planets and brown dwarfs) companions via a common envelope phase, 56+5−8% of all nebulae. In order to define and build the different classes, I start with clarifying some relevant terms and processes related to binary evolution. I then discuss kinematical and morphological properties of planetary nebulae that appear to require the interaction of the planetary nebula progenitors and/or their winds with companions, stellar or substellar.
THE LUMINOSITY OF THE BLUE STAR BD+28° 4211

An extremely blue star with peculiar (Op) spectrum was discovered by MacRae, Fleischer, and Weston.1 Its photoelectric color index is given by D. L. Harris2 as 0TM62. The extreme blueness and unusual spectrum suggest that the star may be related to the group of very blue stars found in globular clusters.3 The probable distance and the peculiar spectrum make normal parallax methods ineffective. I have therefore attempted to use the strength of the interstellar Can lines to estimate the star's distance. W. W. Morgan has already pointed out1 the absence of the K line on low-dispersion plates. Three plates were available on baked IlaO emulsion, well widened, with dispersions of 10 A/mm (Mount Wilson coude) and 9 A/mm (Palomar coude). The stellar lines are broad and shallow. Extremely weak features, marginally detectable, were seen near the position of H and K. Measurement of all possible sharp features showed that very weak interstellar H and K absorption lines may be present. The mean velocity of these lines was 12 ± 2 km/sec. If corrected for solar motion, the Can cloud velocity is +1 ± 2 km/sec, which seems reasonable. The stellar velocity1 is small, 3, 9, or +26 km/sec depending on the lines used. A spectrophotometric study of +28° 4211 is now in progress. Since the star is at galactic latitude b = 20° it is necessary to compare its K line intensity with that in other high-latitude objects. If the star should prove to be very distant, such a procedure might be subject to uncertainties caused by fluctuation in the density of Ca n far from the galactic plane. We shall see that it is in fact close to the sun, so that its high latitude has little effect. Spectra were taken at the same dispersions, on the same emulsions, of B-type stars at varying distances. Table I contains the results obtained from visual estimates of the interstellar line
Sex-Specific Relationships of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour with Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers in Young Adults

This study aims to analyse sex-specific associations of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in a young-adult population. Sixty participants (21 women, 22.63 ± 4.62 years old) wore a hip accelerometer for 7 consecutive days to estimate their physical activity and sedentarism. Oxidative stress (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, malondialdehyde, and advanced oxidation protein products) and inflammatory (tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6) markers were measured. Student t-tests and single linear regressions were applied. The women presented higher catalase activity and glutathione concentrations, and lower levels of advanced protein-oxidation products, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 than the men (p < 0.05). In the men, longer sedentary time was associated with lower catalase activity (β = −0.315, p = 0.04), and longer sedentary breaks and higher physical-activity expenditures were associated with malondialdehyde (β = −0.308, p = 0.04). Vigorous physical activity was related to inflammatory markers in the women (tumour necrosis factor-alpha, β = 0.437, p = 0.02) and men (interleukin−6, β = 0.528, p < 0.01). In conclusion, the women presented a better redox and inflammatory status than the men; however, oxidative-stress markers were associated with physical activity and sedentary behaviours only in the men. In light of this, women could have better protection against the deleterious effect of sedentarism but a worse adaptation to daily physical activity.
Effect of sheath evolution on metal ion implantation in a vacuum arc plasma source

Plasma immersion ion implantation is a surface modification technique in which ions to be implanted are drawn directly from surrounding plasma by a pulse biased substrate. Ion acceleration occurs in the electric sheath that forms around the substrate. The technique is most often used to implant ions, such as nitrogen, from plasmas formed by excitation of a gas. More recently it has been applied with cathodic vacuum arc plasmas in order to implant metal ions. These plasmas have a directed ion drift velocity and generally a higher density than gas based plasmas. Both of these differences influence the development of the electric sheath, which determines the implantation profile and the overall stability of the process. If the sheath expands too much during the pulse, the plasma is depleted and implantation ceases. If, however, the sheath is too thin at any point in space breakdown occurs also stopping the implantation process. The major parameters affecting the sheath formation are plasma density, ion drift.
The Influence of Viscous Boundary Layers on Transient Motions in a Stratified Rotating Fluid. Part II.

Abstract The response of an unbounded ocean to circularly symmetric time varying wind stresses is analyzed. A continuously stratified ocean is first considered. The model includes bottom friction, but the Coriolis parameter is a constant. It is shown that in a stratified ocean both barotropic and baroclinic currents are generated by wind stresses. The barotropic current, however, has its amplitude limited by bottom friction, so that the baroclinic mode dominates for long period forcing. A simple analytic approximation to the depth dependence of static stability in the oceans is introduced and shown to give more realistic results than a constant static stability model. A two-layer model including both a variable Coriolis parameter and bottom friction is analysed. This simple model indicates that both bottom friction and the variation of the Coriolis force enhance the baroclinic mode.
Deep Reinforcement Learning Based PHEV Energy Management With Co-Recognition for Traffic Condition and Driving Style

As one of the key technologies of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), the energy management strategy (EMS) is interactively influenced by driving style, traffic condition as well as vehicle operation state. In this paper, a novel twin delayed deep deterministic police gradient (TD3) algorithm based EMS integrating co-recognition for driving style and traffic condition is proposed, aiming to improve the generalization ability of EMS in various application scenarios with superior energy saving performance and higher self-learning efficiency. In particular, the TD3 based energy management architecture combining delayed policy update and smooth regularization technologies is studied to achieve simultaneous improvement for PHEV energy efficiency and strategy convergence speed. Furthermore, the traffic conditions are recognized by fuzzy C-means method, while the local minimum problem is effectively avoided by incorporating simulated annealing (SA) and genetic algorithm (GA). Sequentially, the driving styles are decoupled from recognized traffic condition, which are further recognized as three typical styles. The comparison results of the proposed strategy with several representative deep reinforcement learning based EMSs indicate that the TD3 based EMS outperforms DDQN and DDPG based EMSs in terms of convergence speed and energy saving performance. With considering the recognized traffic condition and driving style, the energy efficiency of TD3 based EMS is further improved with an ideal robustness to various driving cycles.
The Development of Early Adolescents’ Social Perspective Taking Through Small-Group Discussion

The current study examined the development of early adolescents’ social perspective taking (SPT) through collaborative small-group discussions. A total of 250 fifth-graders were assigned to three conditions, Collaborative Social Reasoning (CSR) discussions, Read-Aloud (RA) and Regular Instruction (RI). SPT was assessed before and after the intervention using an action-based argumentation essay task through a theory-driven coding scheme aiming at capturing individuals’ agentic role in SPT and SPT justification strategies. Poisson regressions with Generalized Estimating Equations based on the young adolescents’ essays revealed that CSR peer group members considered more justified perspectives of the issues and provided more justification based on story events and emotional concerns for the perspectives in comparison with fifth graders in the RA and RI groups. Individuals in the RA group generated more emotional justification for their perspectives than RI members. The findings provide insights into the social process of developing SPT under collaborative small-group discussions.
Progress in functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles for applications in biomedicine

Magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs) ranging from the nanometre and micrometre scale have been widely applied in recent years in the area of biomedicine. They contain unique magnetic properties and due to their size can function at a cellular level, making them attractive candidates for cell labelling, imaging, tracking and as carriers. A recent surge of interest in nanotechnology has boosted the breadth and depth of the nanoparticle research field. This review aims to supplement a previously published review in 2003 and address more recent advances in the uses and bioapplications of mNPs and future interesting perspectives.
Small-scale statistics in direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flow at high-Reynolds number

Small-scale statistics in turbulent channel flow are studied by high resolution direct numerical simulations with the friction Reynolds number up to Reτ = 2560. The second order velocity statistics in the inertial subrange of the log-low region are found to be not far from those predicted by Kolmogorov's universal equilibrium theory, although the agreement is not perfect. The shear parameter S* decreases with the distance y+ from the wall and S* ≲ 0.1 in y+ > 400 for large Reτ, where S* is the ratio of the Kolmogorov time scale to the mean shear time scale. For larger Reτ, the y+-dependence of S* is closer to a simple theoretical estimate in the log-low region.
A Singly-Fed Dual-Band Aperture-Sharing SIW Cavity-Backed Slot Antenna With Large Frequency Ratio

A singly-fed dual-band aperture-sharing slot antenna with a large frequency ratio is investigated, based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. The dual-band antenna consists of a rectangular slotted SIW cavity operating at 40 GHz millimeter-wave (MMW) band and a ring slotted SIW cavity operating at 5.2 GHz microwave (MW) band. Due to the self-shielding effect of the SIW cavity, the two radiating elements can be tightly nested with each other, leading to a compact structure with a high ratio of radiating aperture utilization. The MW and MMW SIW radiating elements are fed via a common microstrip line through two separate slots, and they are excited in the hybrid TMh (120, 210) mode and TMh (230, 320) mode respectively. In order to avoid the signal crosstalk, a transverse stub of half-wavelength (in terms of MMW frequency) is added onto the microstrip feed line to prevent the MMW signal from getting into the MW element, while the MMW element can naturally reject the MW signal for its high-pass characteristics. Consequently, good radiation performance is obtained at both the MW and MMW bands, and moreover, the two bands can be independently adjusted.
Piezoelectric properties of the porous PZT and the porous PZT composite with silicone rubber

Abstract Interconnected porous Pb (Zr0.53 Ti0.47)O3 ceramics, with controlled porosity up to 0.73, were prepared. The piezoelectric coefficient, 933, measured using a resonant method and a Berlincourt d33 meter increased as the porosity increased. The d33 and 933 of the porous PZT ceramic/ silicone rubber composite were almost the same as that of porous PZT.
Simulating the re-concentration of dispersed habitation in the peripheral urban area using an artificial society approach

ABSTRACT This study proposes an exploratory urban morphology agent-based model (ABM) to simulate the combined impact of the establishment of hub facilities that urban residents can conveniently access, policies for promoting human interactions around them, and the introduction of trams amidst dispersed habitations in peripheral urban areas. The proposed model offers a new perspective on ways to improve the urban environment. It describes a shift from dispersed habitation to concentrated habitation in a bottom-up manner through behavioural changes at the micro level, which lead to productive human interactions in an urban setting. Specifically, the model experimentally demonstrates a trade-off between increased human interactions caused by the introduction of hub facilities that attract a diverse range of activities, and policies that promote such interactions and development amongst dispersed habitation. Additionally, the model suggests that the direction of urban growth is a consequence of collective action, implying that collaborative efforts can facilitate its improvement.
High-Performance Three-Dimensional Electromagnetic Modelling Using Modified Neumann Series. Wide-Band Numerical Solution and Examples

We present a new, accurate, high-performance, wide-band three-dimensional (3-D) solver for the electromagnetic (EM) field scattering problem in an isotropic earth. The solver relates to those based on the volume integral equation (IE) approach and exploits a modified Neumann series (MNS) technique to solve Maxwell's equations. The solver allows for the conduction, polarization and displacement currents to be taken into account and admits for 3-D earth excitation by arbitrary electric or/and magnetic sources. We estimate the solver efficiency for scatterers discretized into Nx × Ny × Nz prisms, where it requires only about 6NxNyNz (log2(2Nx) log2(2Ny) + 6Nz) multiplications to get one term of the MNS expansion and about 200 NxNyNz2 bytes of memory. Our experience show that the number of terms N which are to be summed up to get the solution to 1% accuracy doesn't exceed fifty for the models with the conductivity contrast of up to 100. We demonstrate the solver versatility for magnetotellurics (MT) and controlled-source simulations. EM fields arising from a 3-D model with two high-contrast thin layers residing in layered earth were simulated due to a 10 Hz electric dipole located at the surface. When the layers were discretized into 16, 384 prisms our code on a Pentium-100 MHz took T ∼ 58 minutes, M ∼ 7 Mbytes and N ∼ 280. We also modeled the 0.1 Hz and 0.01 Hz MT responses within 3-D model with 1 Ω·m and 100 Ω·m blocks. When the blocks were discretized into 8, 000 prisms the code took T ∼ 5 minutes, M ∼ 8 Mbytes, and N ∼ 25. Finally fields for a crosswell model including a 3-D conducting target were simulated for 0.1 kHz and 10 kHz electric and magnetic dipoles in the wellbores. While the target was discretized into 6, 250 prisms the code took T ∼ 16 minutes, M ∼ 13 Mbytes, and N ∼ 24. All simulations showed from very good to excellent agreement with those of the other 3-D solvers.
A Molecular Implicatory Propositioning Roles for Human Cytomegalovirus and P16 Gene Expression in Oral Squamous Cellular Carcinogenesis

Oral carcinogenesis is a multi-step process, affecting predominantly elderly males with a long history of smoking and alcohol drinking while the role of infectious agents in its progression has not been fully identified. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been hypothesized in the oral pathogenesis and carcinogenesis. Usually, p16 protein is absent in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), either for p16 gene being mutated or deleted or its expression being abrogated while p16 expression is associated with favorable prognosis. Is to analyze the concordant impact of p16 expression and HCMV infection on tissues from a group of patients with Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in mid-Euphrates-Iraq. One-hundred formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded Oral tissues enrolled in this study; 40 oral tissuebiopsies from Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); 40 tissues obtained from patients with benign oral tumors and 20 apparently healthy oral tissues were used as control group. Detection of HCMV was done by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) technique while the protein expression of p16 gene by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) detection system. In OSCC group, the hCMV-positive CISH and the p16-positive IHC reactions were detected in 42.5% and.52. 5% of tissues, respectively. The correlation between HCMV and P16 was highly significant (P= 0.003). The significant co-expression of P16 and HCMV genes in OSCC tissues could point for their possible role in either oral pathogenesis or carcinogenesis.