Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observations of Supersonic Downflows Near the Umbra-Penumbra Boundary of Sunspots as Revealed by Hinode

High resolution spectropolarimetric observations by Hinode reveal the existence of supersonic downflows at the umbra-penumbra boundary of 3 sunspots that was recently reported by Louis et al. (2010). These downflows are observed to be co-spatial with bright penumbral filaments and occupy an area greater than 1.6 arcsec$^2$. They are located at the center-side penumbra and have the same polarity as the sunspot which suggests that they are not associated with the Evershed Flow. In this paper we describe the supersonic velocities observed in NOAA AR 10923 and discuss the photospheric as well as chromospheric brightenings, that lie close to the downflowing areas. Our observations suggest that this phenomenon is driven by dynamic and energetic physical processes in the inner penumbra which affect the overlying chromosphere and thus provide new insights for numerical models of sunspots.
Dispositifs médicaux en e-santé – Oxymètres & tensiomètres connectés

Dans le cadre du cursus de 1ere année cycle ingénieur santé à ISIS Castres, les étudiants sont amenés à approfondir leurs connaissances en électronique dans le domaine des capteurs biomédicaux. En faisant du reverse engineering, ils identifient les étapes de mesure de plusieurs dispositifs médicaux (vues dans des cours précédents), et avec quelques bases en électronique embarquée et IoT (Internet of Things), ils utilisent une approche Do It Yourself (DIY), pour construire leurs propres prototypes d’oxymètres de pouls, et comparer ceux-ci avec les oxymètres du commerce disponibles dans la salle de Travaux Pratiques.
Superdecoherence through gate control noise

The external control circuits of quantum gates inevitably introduce a small but finite noise to the operation of quantum computers. The complex modes of decoherence introduced by this noise are not covered by the common error models. Using the controlled-phase gate as an example, the effect of gate control noise on decoherence is investigated for different quantum computer architectures. It is shown that the decoherence rate rises faster than linearly with the length of a quantum register for most cases considered, adding to the challenge of implementing proposed error correcting and fault tolerant computation schemes. Sometimes an unwanted effective inter-qubit coupling associated with the noise appears.
Ultrahigh Piezoelectric Strains in PbZr1−xTixO3 Single Crystals with Controlled Ti Content Close to the Tricritical Point

Intensive investigations of PbZr1-xTixO3 (PZT) materials with the ABO3 perovskite structure are connected with their extraordinary piezoelectric properties. Especially well known are PZT ceramics at the Morphotropic Phase Boundary (MPB), with x~0.48, whose applications are the most numerous among ferroelectrics. These piezoelectric properties are often obtained by doping with various ions at the B sites. Interestingly, we have found similar properties for undoped PZT single crystals with low Ti content, for which we have confirmed the existence of the tricritical point near x~0.06. For a PbZr0.95 ± 0.01Ti0. 05 ∓ 0.01O3 crystal, we describe the ultrahigh strain, dielectric, optical and piezoelectric properties. We interpret the ultrahigh strain observed in the region of the antiferroelectric–ferroelectric transition as an inverse piezoelectric effect generated by the coexistence of domains of different symmetries. The complex domain coexistence was confirmed by determining optical indicatrix orientations in domains. The piezoelectric coefficient in this region reached an extremely high value of 5000 pm/V. We also verified that the properties of the PZT single crystals from the region near the tricritical point are incredibly susceptible to a slight deviation in the Ti content.
The 1919 measurement of the deflection of light

The measurement of the deflection of starlight during a total solar eclipse on 29 May 1919 was the first verification of general relativity by an external team of scientists, brought Einstein and his theory to the attention of the general public, and left a legacy of experimental testing that continues today. The discovery of gravitational lenses turned Einstein's deflection into an important tool for astronomy and cosmology. This article reviews the history of the 1919 measurement and other eclipse measurements, describes modern measurements of the effect using radio astronomy, and of its cousin, the Shapiro time delay, and discusses the discovery and impact of gravitational lenses.
Extremely Red Objects from the Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS Parallel Imaging Survey

We present a catalog of extremely red objects (EROs) discovered using the Hubble Space Telescope Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) parallel imaging database and ground-based optical follow-up observations. Within an area of 16 arcmin2, we detect 15 objects with R-F160W > 5 and F160W < 21.5. We have also obtained K-band photometry for a subset of the 15 EROs. All of the R-F160W selected EROs imaged at K-band have R-K > 6. Our objects have F110W-F160W colors in the range 1.3–2.1, redder than the cluster elliptical galaxies at z ∼ 0.8 and nearly 1 mag redder than the average population selected from the F160W images at the same depth. In addition, among only 22 NICMOS pointings, we detected two groups or clusters in two fields; each contains three or more EROs, suggesting that extremely red galaxies may be strongly clustered. At bright magnitudes with F160W < 19.5, the ERO surface density is similar to what has been measured by other surveys. At the limit of our sample, F160W = 21.5, our measured surface density is 0.94 ± 0.24 arcmin-2. Excluding the two possible groups or clusters and the one apparently stellar object reduces the surface density to 0.38 ± 0.15 arcmin-2.
Intestinal microbiota and related metabolites are essential mediators for adoptive γδT cell antitumor immunotherapy

Intestinal microbiotas modulate multiple biochemical reactions and immune hemostasis of the host, numerous pieces of evidence have revealed that they are also tightly involved in the efficacy of antitumor immunotherapy. However,s which way local intestinal microbiota influences the activity of distant organs is still unknown. In this review, we highlighted the importance of metabolites produced by intestinal microbiotas which disorder prompted cytotoxic capability of adoptive γδT cells. The microbiota-metabolites-γδT cell axis is dominant in the antitumor immune response of adoptive γδT cell immunotherapy.
Sessile droplet evaporation on superheated superhydrophobic surfaces

This uid dynamics video depicts the evaporation of sessile water droplets placed on heated superhydrophobic (SH) surfaces of varying cavity fraction, Fc, and surface temperature, Ts, above the saturation temperature, Tsat. Images were captured at 10,000 FPS and are played back at 30 FPS in this video. Teon-coated silicon surfaces of Fc = 0; 0:5; 0:8; and 0:95 were used for these experiments. Ts ranging from 110 C to 210 C were studied. The video clips show how the boiling behavior of sessile droplets is altered with changes in surface microstructure. Quantitative results from heat transfer rate experiments conducted by the authors are briey discussed near the end of the video.
Giant molecular clouds: what are they made from, and how do they get there?

We analyse the results of four simulations of isolated galaxies: two with a rigid spiral potential of fixed pattern speed, but with different degrees of star formation induced feedback, one with an axisymmetric galactic potential and one with a ‘live’ self-gravitating stellar component. Since we use a Lagrangian method, we are able to select gas that lies within giant molecular clouds (GMCs) at a particular time frame, and then study the properties of this gas at earlier and later times. We find that gas which forms GMCs is not typical of the interstellar medium (ISM) at least 50 Myr before the clouds form and reaches mean densities within an order of magnitude of mean cloud densities by around 10 Myr before cloud formation. The gas in GMCs takes at least 50 Myr to return to typical ISM gas after dispersal by stellar feedback, and in some cases the gas is never fully recycled. We also present a study of the 2D, vertically averaged velocity fields within the ISM. We show that the velocity fields corresponding to the shortest time-scales (i.e. those time-scales closest to the immediate formation and dissipation of the clouds) can be readily understood in terms of the various cloud formation and dissipation mechanisms. Properties of the flow patterns can be used to distinguish the processes which drive converging flows (e.g. spiral shocks, supernovae) and thus molecular cloud formation, and we note that such properties may be detectable with future observations of nearby galaxies.
Singing in a noisy ocean: vocal plasticity in male humpback whales

ABSTRACT The songs produced by male humpback whales are believed to be a reproductive display shared by all singers within the same population. Ocean noise can interfere with the transmission of acoustic signals such as humpback whale songs. However, humpback whales evolved in an environment characterised by variable levels of noise generated by natural sources. This study investigates whether singing males compensate for natural noise by changing the characteristics of their sounds. Songs were recorded off eastern Australia during periods of time when the soundscape was dominated by natural noise. Source level, peak frequency and duration were measured for 2,318 song units from 19 singers. Source levels were positively correlated with noise levels, while there was no correlation between the peak frequency or duration of the units and noise levels. Our study shows that male humpback whales increase the source level of their units in response to increasing natural noise, i.e. they have a Lombard response, but they do not modify their spectral or temporal characteristics. This suggests that the need to adhere to the shared repertoire prevents changes to distinctive features of song units, i.e. frequency and duration, however, vocal plasticity allows adjusting source levels to the environmental conditions.
Gaussian Quantum Reading beyond the Standard Quantum Limit

Quantum reading aims at retrieving classical information stored in an optical memory with low energy and high accuracy by exploiting the inherently quantum properties of light. We provide an optimal Gaussian strategy for quantum reading with phase-shift keying encoding that makes use of squeezed coherent light and homodyne detectors to largely outperform the Standard Quantum Limit, even in the presence of loss. This strategy, being feasible with current quantum optical technology, represents a viable prototype for a highly efficient and reliable quantum-enhanced optical reader.
Current Status of Plant Cell and Organ Cultures

In 1902, Haberlandt published on his unsuccessful but pioneering attempt to cultivate cells from leaves of several angiosperms (5). Today, nearly 75 years later, plant cell and organ cultures are established as potent research tools and economical agricultural practices. Cell cultures enabled the demonstration of totipotentiality of plant cells as Haberlandt first suggested (22). Furthermore, they played a critical role in the discovery of cytokinins, an important group of plant hormones (8). Cell and organ cultures provide unique systems to explore organ initiation (17), cell and tissue differentiation (21), and other morphogenetic processes. They furnish new opportunities in somatic cell genetics (2). Organ growth and development can be studied with minimum interference by correlative influences (1, 14, 18, 19, 24).
Validity of resonant two-qubit gates in the ultrastrong coupling regime of circuit quantum electrodynamics

We investigate theoretically the performance of resonant two-qubit gates in the crossover from the strong to the ultrastrong coupling regime of light–matter interaction in circuit quantum electrodynamics. Two controlled-phase (CPHASE) gate schemes—which work well within the rotating wave-approximation—are analysed while taking into account the effects of counter-rotating terms appearing in the Hamiltonian. Our numerical results show that the fidelity of the gate operation is above 96% when the ratio between the coupling strength and the resonator frequency, g/ωr, is about 10%. Novel schemes are required in order to implement ultrafast quantum gates when increasing the ratio g/ωr.
A Machine Learning-Based Novel Energy Optimization Algorithm in a Photovoltaic Solar Power System

Performance, cost, and aesthetics are all difficult to beat in today’s expanding distributed rooftop solar sector, and flat-plate PV is no exception. Photovoltaics will be able to take advantage of some of their most significant advantages as a result of this marketplace, including the elimination of transmission losses and the generation of power at the point of sale. Concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) technology, on the other hand, represents a viable alternative in the quest for ever-lower normalised energy costs and ever-shorter energy payback times. Material, components, and manufacturing techniques from allied sectors, particularly the power electronics industry, have been adapted to lower system costs and time-to-market for the system under development. The LFR is less than 30 mm wide to maximise thermal efficiency, and a densely packed cell array has been used to maximise electrical output. The Matlab simulations show that the proposed machine learning-based LFR technique has a greater concentration rate than the present LFR method, as demonstrated by the results.
Resonance chiral Lagrangian currents and $\tau$ decay Monte Carlo

In the present paper we describe the set of form factors for hadronic τ decays based on Resonance Chiral Theory. The technical implementation of the form factors in FORTRAN code is also explained. It is shown how it can be installed into TAUOLA Monte Carlo program. Then it is rather easy to implement into software environments of not only Belle and BaBar collaborations but also for FORTRAN and C++ applications of LHC. The description of the current for each τ decay mode is complemented with technical numerical tests. The set is ready for fits, parameters to be used in fits are explained. Arrangements to work with the experimental data not requiring unfolding are prepared. Hadronic currents, ready for confrontation with the τ decay data, but not yet ready for the general use, cover more than 88 % of hadronic τ decay width.
Miniaturized Parasitic Loaded High-Isolation MIMO Antenna for 5G Applications

In this paper, a multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is reported for 5G frequency range-2 (FR-2), 28 GHz bands. The MIMO antenna is developed in multiple iterations, including single-element design, cross-polarization reduction, and mutual coupling reduction. Initially, a single-element coplanar edge feed rectangular patch antenna is designed and the E-plane cross-polarization is reduced by −13 dB by trimming the forward corners of the patch. The ground plane is truncated to improve the −3 dB half-power-beamwidth (HPBW). A multi-wavelength spiral inspired parasitic surrounding the single element antenna is loaded, and performance analysis is performed. This parasitic element is used for self-field cancelation for the MIMO configuration. Two MIMO configurations, one with linear and the second with inverted elements, are developed and investigated. The first configuration is found to have better isolation of less than −25 dB compared to the −20 dB of the second configuration. Similarly, the gain of 4.8 dBi, the bandwidth of 3 GHz, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of 0.01, and diversity gain (DG) of 9.99 dB are superior to the second configuration. To validate the work, one of two MIMO configurations is fabricated and good agreement is found between simulation and measurement results.
Orientation-First Strategy With Angle Attention Module for Rotated Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images

Recently, object detection in remote sensing images (RSIs) have received extensive attention and made significant progress. Nonetheless, the arbitrary orientations of objects in RSIs make their detection a challenging task. Most of the existing detection methods are difficult to extract the orientation features of objects due to the lack of directionality of conventional convolutions. In addition, the boundary discontinuity in angle regression affects the detection of object orientations. In response to these problems, this article proposes an orientation-first refinement detector (OFRDet), which is based on a strategy that enables the detector to detect the angle of an object ahead of others and presets oriented anchors. In OFRDet, we propose an angle encoding regression module (AERM) and an angle channel attention module (ACAM). AERM transforms angle detection into multiparameter regression, which eliminates boundary discontinuities. ACAM uses convolution kernels with different angles to extract directional features purposefully according to the preset oriented anchors. After these two modules, more accurate bounding boxes are generated and sent to the refined stage to obtain the final detection results. We evaluate our method and demonstrate the effectiveness of it by conducting experiments on two challenging and credible datasets, DOTA, HRSC2016. OFRDet achieves competitive results 79.56%, 96.29% mAP on the two datasets, respectively.
The relationship between transformational leadership, perceived organisational effectiveness and organisational culture in a selected multinational corporation in Africa

Orientation: Multinational corporations (MNCs) in Africa are facing leadership, effectiveness and cultural challenges.Research purpose: The purpose was to determine the relationship between transformational leadership, perceived organisational effectiveness and organisational culture from the perspective of a MNC in Africa.Motivation of the study: Transformational leadership, organisational culture and perceived organisational effectiveness have been studied in different contexts, yet it is not clear how these three variables relate to one another in a selected MNC in Africa.Research approach, design and method: A survey was conducted amongst a non-probability sample of 400 employees from a population of 1256 employees. A quantitative research approach was applied and structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data.Main findings: The results indicated that organisational culture did not positively relate to transformational leadership; perceived organisational effectiveness positively related to organisational culture; perceived organisational effectiveness did not positively relate to transformational leadership; and organisational culture mediated perceived organisational effectiveness and transformational leadership.Practical and managerial implications: The research highlighted the important role of organisational culture in transformational leadership and overall perceived organisational effectiveness.Contribution or value add: This study found that the MNC should focus on organisational culture in order to improve transformational leadership and perceived organisational effectiveness. An academic contribution was the dynamic relationship between the three variables.
Effects of binary stellar populations on direct collapse black hole formation

The critical Lyman--Werner flux required for direct collapse blackholes (DCBH) formation, or J$_{crit}$, depends on the shape of the irradiating spectral energy distribution (SED). The SEDs employed thus far have been representative of {realistic} single stellar populations. We study the effect of binary stellar populations on the formation of DCBH, as a result of their contribution to the Lyman--Werner radiation field. Although binary populations with ages $>$ 10 Myr yield a larger LW photon output, we find that the corresponding values of J$_{crit}$ can be up to 100 times higher than single stellar populations. We attribute this to the shape of the binary SEDs as they produce a sub--critical rate of H$^-$ photodetaching 0.76 eV photons as compared to single stellar populations, reaffirming the role that H$^-$ plays in DCBH formation. This further corroborates the idea that DCBH formation is better understood in terms of a critical region in the H$_2$--H$^-$ photo--destruction rate parameter space, rather than a single value of LW flux.
Modeling of DNA Damage Repair and Cell Response in Relation to p53 System Exposed to Ionizing Radiation

Repair of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation plays an important role in the cell response to ionizing radiation. Radiation-induced DNA damage also activates the p53 system, which determines the fate of cells. The kinetics of repair, which is affected by the cell itself and the complexity of DNA damage, influences the cell response and fate via affecting the p53 system. To mechanistically study the influences of the cell response to different LET radiations, we introduce a new repair module and a p53 system model with NASIC, a Monte Carlo track structure code. The factors determining the kinetics of the double-strand break (DSB) repair are modeled, including the chromosome environment and complexity of DSB. The kinetics of DSB repair is modeled considering the resection-dependent and resection-independent compartments. The p53 system is modeled by simulating the interactions among genes and proteins. With this model, the cell responses to low- and high-LET irradiation are simulated, respectively. It is found that the kinetics of DSB repair greatly affects the cell fate and later biological effects. A large number of DSBs and a slow repair process lead to severe biological consequences. High-LET radiation induces more complex DSBs, which can be repaired by slow processes, subsequently resulting in a longer cycle arrest and, furthermore, apoptosis and more secreting of TGFβ. The Monte Carlo track structure simulation with a more realistic repair module and the p53 system model developed in this study can expand the functions of the NASIC code in simulating mechanical radiobiological effects.
Access to Care in Lyme Disease: Clinician Barriers to Providing Care

Patients with persistent Lyme disease/chronic Lyme disease (PLD/CLD) encounter significant barriers to accessing medical care. Although this health inequity has been explored from the patient perspective, the obstacles clinicians encounter when providing care to this group of patients have not been examined. The primary goal of this study was to identify the challenges faced by clinicians who provide care for patients with PLD/CLD. Clinicians who treat PLD/CLD were surveyed regarding their professional backgrounds, general challenges to providing care, supply and demand constraints, insurance restrictions, and regulatory and legal challenges. Clinicians treating patients with PLD/CLD have developed substantial clinical expertise but encounter multiple clinical, regulatory and financial impediments to providing care. Clinician-encountered barriers may be powerful disincentives for providing care patients with PLD/CLD and make it difficult to retain and recruit clinicians who will care for the rapidly expanding PLD/CLD populations. Understanding these barriers and identifying potential solutions is essential to resolving the current supply/demand imbalance that makes it difficult for patients to receive the care they need to become well.