Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of Serverless Edge Computing for Machine Learning Applications

Next generation technologies such as smart health-care, self-driving cars, and smart cities require new approaches to deal with the network traffic generated by the Internet of Things (IoT) devices, as well as efficient programming models to deploy machine learning techniques. Serverless edge computing is an emerging computing paradigm from the integration of two recent technologies, edge computing and serverless computing, that can possibly address these challenges. However, there is little work to explore the capability and performance of such a technology. In this paper, a comprehensive performance analysis of a serverless edge computing system using popular open-source frameworks, namely, Kubeless, OpenFaaS, Fission, and funcX is presented. The experiments considered different programming languages, workloads, and the number of concurrent users. The machine learning workloads have been used to evaluate the performance of the system under different working conditions to provide insights into the best practices. The evaluation results revealed some of the current challenges in serverless edge computing and open research opportunities in this emerging technology for machine learning applications.
Museformer: Transformer with Fine- and Coarse-Grained Attention for Music Generation

Symbolic music generation aims to generate music scores automatically. A recent trend is to use Transformer or its variants in music generation, which is, however, suboptimal, because the full attention cannot efficiently model the typically long music sequences (e.g., over 10,000 tokens), and the existing models have shortcomings in generating musical repetition structures. In this paper, we propose Museformer, a Transformer with a novel fine- and coarse-grained attention for music generation. Specifically, with the fine-grained attention, a token of a specific bar directly attends to all the tokens of the bars that are most relevant to music structures (e.g., the previous 1st, 2nd, 4th and 8th bars, selected via similarity statistics); with the coarse-grained attention, a token only attends to the summarization of the other bars rather than each token of them so as to reduce the computational cost. The advantages are two-fold. First, it can capture both music structure-related correlations via the fine-grained attention, and other contextual information via the coarse-grained attention. Second, it is efficient and can model over 3X longer music sequences compared to its full-attention counterpart. Both objective and subjective experimental results demonstrate its ability to generate long music sequences with high quality and better structures.
Geometric Analysis and Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations

Part 1 Geometric methods in nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations and applied problems: geometric inequalities and estimates of solutions for nonlinear Euler-Lagrange equations and applied problems, Ilya J. Bakelman and William L. Perry qualitative behaviour of solutions to a system of partial differential equations from nonlinear elasticity, Patricia Bauman asymptotic approximations to the fundamental solutions of differential equations on manifolds, S.A. Fulling harmonic maps with nontrivial higher-dimensional singularities, Guojun Liao and Nathan Smale elliptic systems for a medium with microstructure, R.E. Showalter and N.J. Walkington asymptotic behaviour of positive decreasing solutions of "y"=F(t,y,y')", Steven D. Taliaferro uniqueness of capillary surfaces in wedges and cones, Thomas I. Vogel a Neumann evolution problem for plastic antiplanar shear, Xiaodong Zhou. Part 2 Convex bodies and related topics: axiomatic convex potential theory, E.M. J. Bertin area-reducing flows, Xiaoxi Cheng double normals characterize bodies of constant width in Riemannian manifolds, Boris V. Dekster quasi-time functions in Lorentzian geometry, Paul E. Ehrlich and Gerard G. Emch the Weyl problem for surfaces in nonnegative curvature, Joseph A. Iaia singularities and the conformal scalar curvature equation, Robert C. McOwen. Part 3 Surveys devoted to geometric inequalities and convex bodies: geometric inequalities and existence theorems for convex generalized solutions of "n"-dimensional Monge-Ampere equations, Ilya J. Bakelman the isoperimetric problem for two-dimensional convex surfaces, Ilya J. Bakelman and Steven D. Taliaferro. Part 4 Problems: open problems in the geometry of equilibrium configurations, Robert Gulliver and Henry Wente.
Modélisation électromagnétique et thermique des moteurs à induction, en tenant compte des harmoniques d'espace

Ce travail s'interesse a l'etude des comportements electromagnetique et thermique du moteur a induction. Un etat de l'art, ou les methodes courantes de modelisation electromagnetique et thermique du moteur a induction sont abordees, est d'abord dresse. Un modele electromagnetique qui utilise la resolution par elements finis 2D des equations du champ, en adoptant la representation complexe, est developpe. La prise en compte du mouvement du rotor par le couplage des champs dans l'entrefer, pour chaque harmonique d'espace, se fait par la methode du double entrefer. Le principe de superposition permet de determiner la solution finale. Afin de traiter les problemes non lineaires, nous avons propose une approche qui permet d'introduire des reluctivites equivalentes. Nous avons suppose que la saturation est due au seul premier harmonique d'espace. Un modele thermique utilisant la methode nodale est elabore. La machine est decoupee en 11 blocs elementaires de forme cylindrique; le modele global de la machine est compose de la juxtaposition des circuits thermiques correspondant a chaque bloc. Un couplage, au sens faible, des modeles electromagnetique et thermique est realise pour une determination plus fine de la distribution de la temperature dans le moteur. Dans la phase de validation de nos calculs, nous avons concu un banc d'essais qui permet des mesures specifiques du couple et des temperatures. Les resultats des calculs, compares aux mesures effectuees, sont satisfaisants.
Racial Inequities in Access to Ventricular Assist Device and Transplant Persist After Consideration for Preferences for Care: A Report From the REVIVAL Study

Background: Racial disparities in access to advanced therapies for heart failure (HF) patients are well documented, although the reasons remain uncertain. We sought to determine the association of race on utilization of ventricular assist device (VAD) and transplant among patients with access to care at VAD centers and if patient preferences impact the effect. Methods: We performed an observational cohort study of ambulatory chronic systolic HF patients with high-risk features and no contraindication to VAD enrolled at 21 VAD centers and followed for 2 years in the REVIVAL study (Registry Evaluation of Vital Information for VADs in Ambulatory Life). We used competing events cause-specific proportional hazard methodology with multiple imputation for missing data. The primary outcomes were (1) VAD/transplant and (2) death. The exposures of interest included race (Black or White), additional demographics, captured social determinants of health, clinician-assessed HF severity, patient-reported quality of life, preference for VAD, and desire for therapies. Results: The study included 377 participants, of whom 100 (26.5%) identified as Black. VAD or transplant was performed in 11 (11%) Black and 62 (22%) White participants, although death occurred in 18 (18%) Black and 36 (13%) White participants. Black race was associated with reduced utilization of VAD and transplant (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.23–0.85]) without an increase in death. Preferences for VAD or life-sustaining therapies were similar by race and did not explain racial disparities. Conclusions: Among patients receiving care by advanced HF cardiologists at VAD centers, there is less utilization of VAD and transplant for Black patients even after adjusting for HF severity, quality of life, and social determinants of health, despite similar care preferences. This residual inequity may be a consequence of structural racism and discrimination or provider bias impacting decision-making. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov; Unique identifier: NCT01369407.
GLOBAL EXISTENCE AND STABILITY OF FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION WITH IMPULSES

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Morphological instability and roughening of growing 3D bacterial colonies

Significance The morphogenesis of two-dimensional bacterial colonies has been well studied. However, little is known about the colony morphologies of bacteria growing in three dimensions, despite the prevalence of three-dimensional environments (e.g., soil, inside hosts) as natural bacterial habitats. Using experiments on bacteria in granular hydrogel matrices, we find that dense multicellular colonies growing in three dimensions undergo a common morphological instability and roughen, adopting a characteristic broccoli-like morphology when they exceed a critical size. Analysis of a continuum “active fluid” model of the expanding colony reveals that this behavior originates from an interplay of competition for nutrients with growth-driven colony expansion, both of which vary spatially. These results shed light on the fundamental biophysical principles underlying growth in three dimensions.
Gradual computerisation and verification of mathematics : MathLang's path into Mizar

There are many proof checking tools that allow capturing mathematical knowledge into formal representation. Those proof systems allow further automatic verification of the logical correctness of the captured knowledge. However, the process of encoding common mathematical documents in a chosen proof system is still labourintensive and requires comprehensive knowledge of such system. This makes the use of proof checking tools inaccessible for ordinary mathematicians. This thesis provides a solution for the computerisation of mathematical documents via a number of gradual steps using the MathLang framework. We express the full process of formalisation into the Mizar proof checker. The first levels of such gradual computerisation path have been developing well before the course of this PhD started. The whole project, called MathLang, dates back to 2000 when F. Kamareddine and J.B. Wells started expressing their ideas of novel approach for computerising mathematical texts. They mainly aimed at developing a mathematical framework which is flexible enough to connect existing, in many cases different, approaches of computerisation mathematics, which allows various degrees of formalisation (e.g., partial, full formalisation of chosen parts, or full formalisation of the entire document), which is compatible with different mathematical foundations (e.g., type theory, set theory, category theory, etc.) and proof systems (e.g., Mizar, Isar, Coq, HOL, Vampire). The first two steps in the gradual formalisation were developed by F. Kamareddine, J.B. Wells and M. Maarek with a small contribution of R. Lamar to the second step. In this thesis we develop the third level of the gradual path, which aims at capturing the rhetorical structure of mathematical documents. We have also integrated further steps of the gradual formalisation, whose final goal is the Mizar system. We present in this thesis a full path of computerisation and formalisation of mathematical documents into the Mizar proof checker using the MathLang framework. The development of this method was driven by the experience of computerising a number of mathematical documents (covering different authoring styles). To Honorata and Maciej — my wife and my son — for their invaluable support and confidence in me
Cycles in Sparse Graphs II

The {\em independence ratio} of a graph $G$ is defined by \[ \iota(G) := \sup_{X \subset V(G)} \frac{|X|}{\alpha(X)},\] where $\alpha(X)$ is the independence number of the subgraph of $G$ induced by $X$. The independence ratio is a relaxation of the chromatic number $\chi(G)$ in the sense that $\chi(G) \geq \iota(G)$ for every graph $G$, while for many natural classes of graphs these quantities are almost equal. In this paper, we address two old conjectures of Erd\H{o}s on cycles in graphs with large chromatic number and a conjecture of Erd\H{o}s and Hajnal on graphs with infinite chromatic number.
Intratympanic steroid treatment can reduce ROS and immune response in human perilymph investigated by in‐depth proteome analysis

Intratympanic (IT) steroid treatment is one of the most widely used and effective treatments for inner ear disorders such as sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). However, a clear mechanism of IT steroids in inner ear recovery has not yet been revealed. Therefore, we investigated proteome changes in extracted human perilymph after steroid treatment. In this study, we applied a tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)‐based proteomics approach to discover global proteome changes by comparing human perilymph after steroid treatment with non‐treated perilymph group. Using liquid chromatography‐MS/MS analysis, we selected 156 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) that were statistically significant according to Student's t‐test. Functional annotation analysis showed that upregulated proteins after steroid treatment are related to apoptosis signaling, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and immune responses. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) clusters the proteins associated with these processes and attempts to observe signaling circuitry, which mediates cellular response after IT steroid treatments. Moreover, we also considered the interactome analysis of DEPs and observed that those with high interaction scores were categorized as having equivalent molecular functions (MFs). Collectively, we suggest that DEPs and interacting proteins in human perilymph after steroid treatment would inhibit the apoptotic and adaptive immune processes that may lead to anti‐inflammatory effects.
Administrative Data Use in National Registry Efforts: Blessing or Curse?

Abstract: “Big data” refers to a growing field of large database research. Administrative data, a subset of big data, includes information from insurance claims, electronic medical records, and registries that can be useful for investigating novel research questions. While its use provides salient advantages, potential researchers relying on big data would benefit from knowing about how these databases are coded, common errors they may encounter, and how to best use large data to address various research questions. In the first section of this paper, Dr. Nicholas A. Bedard addresses the four major pitfalls to avoid with diagnosis and procedure codes in administrative data. In the next section, Dr. Jeffrey N. Katz et al. focus on the strengths and limitations of administrative data, suggesting methods to mitigate these limitations. Lastly, Dr. Elena Losina et al. review the uses and misuses of large databases for cost-effectiveness research, detailing methods for careful economic evaluations.
Trypanosoma rangeli infection impairs reproductive success of Rhodnius prolixus

Abstract Abstract Trypanosoma rangeli is a protozoan that infects triatomines and mammals in Central and South America. Although it does not cause disease to humans, this parasite produces different levels of pathogenicity to its invertebrate host, mainly in species of the genus Rhodnius. In this study, we followed T. rangeli-infected and uninfected pairs throughout their adult lives and measured the amount of blood ingested, number of eggs laid, number of eggs hatched and proportion of infertile eggs, as well as female life expectancy. We found that all reproductive parameters were drastically decreased during infection, mainly due to the reduced amount of blood the infected insects ingested throughout their lives. Reproductive parameters were also affected by the reduction of the life expectancy of infected females, as survival was positively correlated with the number of eggs laid. The strategies used by the parasite to be transmitted are discussed in view of the pathological effects it causes in the insect.
Associations between breast milk intake volume, macronutrient intake and infant growth in a longitudinal birth cohort: the Cambridge Baby Growth and Breastfeeding Study (CBGS-BF)

Abstract Growth patterns of breastfed infants show substantial inter-individual differences, partly influenced by breast milk (BM) nutritional composition. However, BM nutritional composition does not accurately indicate BM nutrient intakes. This study aimed to examine the associations between both BM intake volumes and macronutrient intakes with infant growth. Mother–infant dyads (n 94) were recruited into the Cambridge Baby Growth and Breastfeeding Study (CBGS-BF) from a single maternity hospital at birth; all infants received exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) for at least 6 weeks. Infant weight, length and skinfolds thicknesses (adiposity) were repeatedly measured from birth to 12 months. Post-feed BM samples were collected at 6 weeks to measure TAG (fat), lactose (carbohydrate) (both by 1H-NMR) and protein concentrations (Dumas method). BM intake volume was estimated from seventy infants between 4 and 6 weeks using dose-to-the-mother deuterium oxide (2H2O) turnover. In the full cohort and among sixty infants who received EBF for 3+ months, higher BM intake at 6 weeks was associated with initial faster growth between 0 and 6 weeks (β + se 3·58 + 0·47 for weight and 4·53 + 0·6 for adiposity gains, both P < 0·0001) but subsequent slower growth between 3 and 12 months (β + se − 2·27 + 0·7 for weight and −2·65 + 0·69 for adiposity gains, both P < 0·005). BM carbohydrate and protein intakes at 4–6 weeks were positively associated with early (0–6 weeks) but tended to be negatively related with later (3–12 months) adiposity gains, while BM fat intake showed no association, suggesting that carbohydrate and protein intakes may have more functional relevance to later infant growth and adiposity.
Advances in the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: An overview of the current and future therapeutic landscape for clinicians

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primary liver tumor and remains a fatal malignancy in the majority of patients. Approximately 20%–30% of patients are eligible for resection, which is considered the only potentially curative treatment; and, after resection, a median survival of 53 months has been reported when sequenced with adjuvant capecitabine. For the 70%–80% of patients who present with locally unresectable or distant metastatic disease, systemic therapy may delay progression, but survival remains limited to approximately 1 year. For the past decade, doublet chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin has been considered the most effective first‐line regimen, but results from the recent use of triplet regimens and even immunotherapy may shift the paradigm. More effective treatment strategies, including those that combine systemic therapy with locoregional therapies like radioembolization or hepatic artery infusion, have also been developed. Molecular therapies, including those that target fibroblast growth factor receptor and isocitrate dehydrogenase, have recently received US Food and Drug Administration approval for a defined role as second‐line treatment for up to 40% of patients harboring these actionable genomic alterations, and whether they should be considered in the first‐line setting is under investigation. Furthermore, as the oncology field seeks to expand indications for immunotherapy, recent data demonstrated that combining durvalumab with standard cytotoxic therapy improved survival in patients with ICC. This review focuses on the current and future strategies for ICC treatment, including a summary of the primary literature for each treatment modality and an algorithm that can be used to drive a personalized and multidisciplinary approach for patients with this challenging malignancy.
Artificial intelligence automates the characterization of reversibly actuating planar-flow-casted NiTi shape memory alloy foil

Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloys (SMAs) are smart materials able to recover their original shape under thermal stimulus. Near-net-shape NiTi SMA foils of 2 meters in length and width of 30 mm have been successfully produced by a planar flow casting facility at CSIRO, opening possibilities of wider applications of SMA foils. The study also focuses on establishing a fully automated experimental system for the characterisation of their reversible actuation, significantly improving SMA foils adaptation into real applications. Artificial Intelligence involving Computer Vision and Machine Learning based methods were successfully employed in the development of the automation SMA characterization process. The study finds that an Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) Regression model based predictive system experimented with over 175,000 video samples could achieve 99% overall prediction accuracy. Generalisation capability of the proposed system makes a significant contribution towards the efficient optimisation of the material design to produce high quality 30 mm SMA foils.
Hsa_circ_0001445 works as a cancer suppressor via miR‐576‐5p/SFRP1 axis regulation in ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer (OC) has high mortality and morbidity. Circular RNA (circRNA) can deeply impact the tumor occurrence and growth. The pathogenic activity of one particular circRNA, hsa_circ_0001445 (hcR1445), in OC remains unclear and was therefore analyzed in this study.