Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
National scan-level carbon footprint study for production of US swine

The National Pork Board commissioned the University of Arkansas’ Applied Sustainability Center to conduct a life cycle assessment (LCA) of the US pork supply chain, with primary focus on defining greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. GHG emissions are commonly defined in terms of the cumulative global warming potential (GWP) of all greenhouse gases emitted for a system or product, and in this case across the supply chain necessary to provide pork products to the consumer. The GHG of primary concern are carbon dioxide (CO2); methane (CH4); nitrous oxide (N2O); and common refrigerants. The GWP for a system is reported in terms of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) derived by converting non-CO2 gas emissions to an equivalent ‘global warming potential’ quantity of CO2. The analysis was carried out for the functional unit of the consumption of one serving (4 ounces) of boneless pork. The system study boundaries encompassed feed production; swine production; delivery to processor; processing; packaging; distribution; retail; and consumption/disposal. The primary time frame for the study was 2009.
Role of technological innovations in improving library services

This paper elaborates on how technological innovations have led to the improved information management and library services. Information technology (IT) and Information Communication Technology (ICT) have changed the information seeking behavior of the users and services being provided by the librarians. Journey from print phase to the era of Electronics (E) has been discussed. How information needs have been changed from asking for a book or a journal to an article or a topic with the provision of E-resources has also been discussed. A survey has been conducted to know the changes in the information-seeking behavior and needs of the medical professionals and librarians in this era of “E”. Increase in the demand of E-resources by the users as well as librarians have been observed with the growth of knowledge to use these resources. In spite of some problem in using E-resources almost every user need E-resources in one or the other form. Provision of E-resources has shown a rapid growth in research. This information explosion, increasing needs of users, lack of self sufficiency and financial crunch has led to the formation of consortia all over the world. Key words: Changing information needs, electronic databases.
Frequency dependent RLC crosstalk evaluation of a high performance S/390 microprocessor chip

A coupling noise evaluation of a high performance S/390 microprocessor using a full chip RLC extraction and simulation process is presented. Review of on-chip wiring guidelines with respect to the inaccuracies of an RC coupling evaluation for known net topologies is discussed in terms of tool requirements for full-chip noise evaluation which include inductive coupling effects. The extraction and simulation approach is described in terms of algorithms and procedures used to account for the frequency dependent RLC effects in a manner that allow a full chip noise evaluation. Results are presented which compare noise amplitude differences between RC and R(f)L(f)C evaluations for the wiring data of a S/390 microprocessor as well as pertinent statistics such as run times and memory usage.
Lightweight Trust Aggregation Through Lightweight Vibrations for Trust Accumulation in Resource Constraint Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs)

Evaluating the trust of participating entities increases the security and collaboration among members. This work presents the trust accumulation schemes using lightweight vibration signals. In all scenarios virtual nodes are considered to create subgroup in close vicinity. It is observed that trust accumulation at virtual programmed node reduces the overhead and increases the performance of network. Lightweight vibration signals are created to accumulate trust. These signals help to find the shortest path. The system is evaluated against malicious vibrations or nodes through various attacks. Results from automated tools shows that the system is secure to be integrated.
Emerging expertise in process control

This paper presents a discussion of expertise in process control through a study of power production regulation in a French nuclear power plant. Cognitive research generally characterizes expert process control as the ability to foresee future process states, to select and time appropriate actions, to project their consequences. According to this view, expertise lies in the mental processes that prepare action by envisioning the evolution of events and planning the future course of action to deal with the events. The extensive and detailed in situ observations of expert operators engaged in power production regulation show that expert operators regulate power level through a series of progressively adjusted control actions that are neither extensively planned beforehand nor parametrized in any detail. The activity of power production regulation is understood as the creation of a balanced trade-off between multiple objectives and parameters. The findings of the study suggest that expertise lies also in the.
Modelling and output power optimisation of a wind turbine driven double output induction generator

In the paper, a double output induction generator (DOIG) driven by a wind turbine is studied. The reference frame model of the system including a fully controlled rectifier on the rotor side is derived. Based on this model, the steady-state equations are obtained in terms of the stator and rotor currents, rotor voltage and the slip. These equations are solved both with a model of a wind turbine and that of a DC motor driving the DOIG. The results are compared with experimental ones. Finally, an optimisation problem is formulated to investigate the conditions of transferring maximum power from the wind turbine to the grid system, and it is shown that using a DOIG in either subsynchronous or supersynchronous modes, it is possible to transfer maximum power to the network in a wide range of wind speeds without exceeding the ratings of the induction generator.
Linear matrix inequality based controller design with feedback linearisation: application to power systems

A control scheme for the design of damping controllers for power systems is presented. The scheme is based on the combination of two powerful control design techniques, namely the linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique and the direct feedback linearisation (DFL) technique. It is shown that the DFL technique can cancel nonlinearities in the power system model, thus, reducing the uncertainty in the LMI design. The obtained results show that the proposed controller provides smooth control actions and a fast transient response, and is highly suited for the problem of electromechanical oscillation damping in power systems
Can Land Ownership Really Improve the Economic Status and Decision-Making Capacity of the Rural Women? Evidence from Bangladesh

ABSTRACT The study aims to reveal the impacts of land ownership on rural Bangladeshi women’s household incomes and decision-making capacity. Data were collected by using the Simple Random Sampling technique from the selected participants in Tangail district. The Propensity Score Matching (PSM) results demonstrate that land ownership had no significant impact on enhancing woman’s own income. The existing patriarchal norms restraint women from controlling their land; even their decision-making capacity regarding large purchase, crop cultivation, children’s well-being, and mobility remains very limited. Legislation concerning gender equal inheritance rights and longer action-plan for gender transformation are required for a change.
Automated Modal Parameter Estimation by Parallel Processing within Wireless Monitoring Systems

With recent advances in low-cost wireless sensing and data acquisition technology, it has become feasible to instrument a large structure with a dense array of wireless sensors. Furthermore, analog-to-digital conversion and data processing capabilities of current wireless sensor prototypes offer the ability to efficiently distribute data processing tasks across a large network of wireless sensing nodes. For decades, the structural engineering community has been adapting input-output modal identification techniques for use in large-scale civil structures. However, unlike in mechanical or aerospace engineering, it is often difficult to excite a large civil structure in a controlled manner. Thus, additional emphasis has been placed on developing a number of output-only modal identification methods for use in structural engineering applications. In this paper, three of these output-only methods peak picking, random decrement, and frequency domain decomposition are modified for implementation in a distributed array of processors embedded within a network of wireless sensor prototypes. The software architecture proposed emphasizes parallel data processing and minimal communication so as to ensure scalability and power efficiency. Using the balcony of a historic theater in metropolitan Detroit as a testbed, this network of wireless sensors is allowed to collect and process acceleration response data during a set of vibration tests. The embedded algorithms proposed in this study are used to autonomously determine the balcony's modal properties with network-derived results found to be comparable to those derived from traditional offline techniques.
An optimized rapid aluminum back surface field technique for silicon solar cells

Screen-printing and rapid thermal annealing have been combined to achieve an aluminum-alloyed back surface field (Al-BSF) that lowers the effective back surface recombination velocity (S/sub eff/) to approximately 200 cm/s for solar cells formed on 2.3 /spl Omega/-cm Si. Analysis and characterization of the BSF structures show that this formation process satisfies the two main requirements for achieving low S/sub eff/: (1) deep p/sup +/ regions and (2) uniform junctions. Screen-printing is ideally suited for fast deposition of thick Al films which, upon alloying, result in deep BSF regions. Use of a rapid alloying treatment is shown to significantly improve the BSF junction uniformity and reduce S/sub eff/. The Al-BSFs formed by screen-printing and rapid alloying have been integrated into both laboratory and industrial-type fabrication sequences to achieve solar cell efficiencies in excess of 19.0 and 17.0%, respectively, on planar 2.3 /spl Omega/-cm float zone Si. For both process sequences, these cell efficiencies are 1-2% (absolute) higher than analogous cells made with unoptimized Al-BSFs or highly recombinative rear surfaces.
Influence of Surface Texture Configuration and Depth on Tribological Performance of Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing

A finite-difference numerical model is used to study the influence of surface textures configuration and depth on lubrication performance of hydrodynamic journal bearing. Reynolds equation is adopted to calculate the bearing dimensionless load carrying capacity, friction force and friction coefficient under different eccentricity ratio, textures configuration and depth. Results show that partial texturing in the inlet zone with shallow dimples and in the cavitation zone with deep dimples could improve bearing performance appreciably. The effect of the textures on bearing tribological performance was influenced by the eccentricity ratio. The advantage of partial textures decreases when the eccentricity ratio increases.
Converting antimicrobial into targeting peptides reveals key features governing protein import into mitochondria and chloroplasts

We asked what peptide features govern targeting to the mitochondria versus the chloroplast using antimicrobial peptides as a starting point. This approach was inspired by the endosymbiotic hypothesis that organelle-targeting peptides derive from antimicrobial amphipathic peptides delivered by the host cell, to which organelle progenitors became resistant. To explore the molecular changes required to convert antimicrobial into targeting peptides, we expressed a set of 13 antimicrobial peptides in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Peptides were systematically modified to test distinctive features of mitochondrial and chloroplast targeting peptides, and we assessed their targeting potential by following the intracellular localization and maturation of a Venus fluorescent reporter used as cargo protein. Mitochondrial targeting can be achieved by some unmodified antimicrobial peptide sequences. Targeting to both organelles is improved by replacing Lysines with Arginines. Chloroplast targeting is enabled by the presence of flanking unstructured sequences, additional constraints consistent with chloroplast endosymbiosis having occurred in a cell that already contained mitochondria. If indeed targeting peptides evolved from antimicrobial peptides, required modifications imply a temporal evolutionary scenario with an early exchange of cationic residues, and a late acquisition of chloroplast specific motifs.
Classification of Plume Image and Analysis of Welding Stability during High Power Disc Laser Welding

Plume images which captured during the high power disc laser welding contain lots of information that related to the welding quality and stability. The classification of plume images is an important foundation for online monitoring during welding process. Stainless steel 304 was taken as the experiment object for the high power disc laser welding experiments. A high-speed camera was used to capture the ultraviolet band and visible light band plume images in the laser welding process. Image processing techniques were applied to get the characteristic parameters such as the ratio of the absolute value of coordinate difference between the centriod of plume and the welding point, the number of spatter, the average gray level and entropy of a spatter image, and formed a four dimension vector. Then K-nearest neighbor classification method was used to separate the poor welding quality images out from good ones. Welding experimental results confirmed that using K- nearest neighbor classification method to classify the four dimension vector samples which formed by the ratio of absolute value of coordinate difference between the centriod of plume and welding point, number of spatters, average gray level and entropy could obtain a recognition rate that close to the actual welding results.
AN OUNCE OF PREVENTION: PROBABILISTIC LOSS ESTIMATION FOR PERFORMANCE - BASED EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING

Performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) is a methodology that incorporates desired performance levels into the design process. Performance in PBEE can be expressed in economic terms, or as elapsed downtime, or in terms of life and building safety objectives. These performance objectives are relevant to various types of stakeholders. They should be addressed in building loss estimation procedures because after an earthquake, the repair cost will not be the only "loss" suffered by building stakeholders. In a sizeable earthquake, there will likely also be some losses due to business interruption during the repair effort, building closure taken as a post-earthquake safety precaution, and human casualties caused by building failures during the seismic event. An analytical approach for PBEE is developed and implemented to evaluate the performance of a new reinforced-concrete moment-frame office building. The PBEE approach used is consistent with the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) center? s modular framework, which is divided into four core analytical stages: hazard analysis, structural analysis, damage analysis, and loss analysis. Future losses of the building are uncertain because they depend on uncertain quantities, such as the shaking intensity of the earthquake, the mechanical properties of the facility, and the uncertain damageability and unit repair costs of the facility. An analytical approach is developed to propagate these uncertainties. This work presents the mathematical foundation for the damage and loss analyses, and a description of its implementation into software. The results from running this software on multiple design variants of the building are presented, including seismic vulnerabilities as a function of shaking intensity and corresponding expected annual losses. The methodology developed and implemented in this work estimates the direct economic losses due to repair costs as well as two types of indirect economic losses, those produced by building downtime and by human fatalities. A procedure for a virtual inspection is used to assess the safety of buildings, based on current damage assessment guidelines. Additionally, a model is established to estimate human fatalities caused by the partial and global collapse of buildings, using probabilities of fatality based on relevant empirical data and the results of the virtual inspection process. A simplified methodology is presented for estimating building downtime after seismic events, including mobilization delays before construction begins and the elapsed time needed to repair damaged building components. The losses due to downtime and human fatalities are then added to the building repair cost in order to estimate the total building loss, which is then used to perform a benefit-cost analysis of the benchmark building. The work presented, is to our knowledge, the most faithful attempt to estimate the main decision variables (termed the 3 Ds? dollars, deaths, and downtime), proposed by PEER and the ATC-58 Project for performance assessment of structures.
Driving and navigation habits of Austrian drivers

Abstract. A proper navigation experience is essential while driving. A navigation device has not only to provide the driver with the right amount of information to find the ideal route (shortest, most spectacular, fastest), but also has to make driving safer. Since the driver looks at the user interface of navigation devices only for a few seconds, it is essential that the appropriate amount of information is in the right place. There are many options for drivers to navigate with: mobile phone app, PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)/PNA (Portable Navigation Assistant) or a built-in GPS Navigation System. The presented research examined the driving and navigation habits of 116 Austrian drivers by considering the differences between the devices they use.
Measurement of Carrier Lifetime Temperature Dependence in 3.3kV 4H-SiC PiN Diodes Using OCVD Technique

This paper reports on the influence of temperature on the electrical carrier lifetime of a 3.3 kV 4H-SiC PiN diode processed with a new generation of SiC material. The Open Circuit Voltage Decay (OCVD) is used to evaluate ambipolar lifetime evolution versus temperature. The paper presents a description of the setup, electrical measurements and extraction fittings. The ambipolar lifetime is found to rise from 600 ns at 30 °C to 3.5 μs at 150 °C.
A case study on diabetic foot ulcer and its management

Diabetic foot ulcers are a common complication of poorly controlled diabetes, forming as a result of skin tissue breaking down and exposing the layers underneath. They are most common under the big toes and the balls of the feet, and they can affect the feet down to the bones. All people with Diabetes can develop foot ulcers and foot pain, but good foot care can help prevent them. One of the first signs of a foot ulcer is drainage from the foot that might stain the socks or leak out into the shoes. Unusual swelling, irritation, redness and disagreeable odour from one or both feet are also commonly early symptoms of a foot ulcer. The most visible sign of a serious foot ulcer is black tissue (called Eschar) surrounding the Ulcer. This forms because of an absence of healthy blood flow to the areas around the area around the Ulcer. Partial or complete gangrene, which refers to tissue death due to infections, can appear around the Ulcer. In this case, a malodorous discharge, pain, and numbness can occur. Case summary: This is a case of a patient suffering from Diabetic foot ulcer as a complication of unremittent diabetes. The patient was prescribed indicated Homoeopathic remedies. Individualized homoeopathic remedy Arsenicum album was prescribed in centesimal potency which gave a positive result in the treatment of diabetes. In about 2 months the affected R. foot was entirely cured off the symptoms.
Compensation Incentive of CEO and Internal Capital Market Allocation Efficiency

In the agency theory of internal capital market, the compensation incentive of Headquarters is discussed as a key factor to the efficiency of internal capital market, using KKT. Assumed that equity incentive and investment incentive are Headquarters’ compensation body, investments in divisions are decided by the comparison between equity incentive and investment incentive, the comparison results in internal capital market “Socialism”. Furthermore, for the maximum of equity incentive and investment incentive, Headquarters prefers to overinvestment in divisions.
Binocular visual function and fixational control in patients with macular disease: A review

For normally sighted observers, the centre of the macula—the fovea—provides the sharpest vision and serves as the reference point for the oculomotor system. Typically, healthy observers have precise oculomotor control and binocular visual performance that is superior to monocular performance. These functions are disturbed in patients with macular disease who lose foveal vision. An adaptation to central vision loss is the development of a preferred retinal locus (PRL) in the functional eccentric retina, which is determined with a fixation task during monocular viewing. Macular disease often affects the two eyes unequally, but its impact on binocular function and fixational control is poorly understood. Given that patients’ natural viewing condition is binocular, the aim of this article was to review current research on binocular visual function and fixational oculomotor control in macular disease. Our findings reveal that there is no overall binocular gain across a range of visual functions, although clear evidence exists for subgroups of patients who exhibit binocular summation or binocular inhibition, depending on the clinical characteristics of their two eyes. The monocular PRL of the better eye has different characteristics from that of the worse eye, but during binocular viewing the PRL of the better eye drives fixational control and may serve as the new reference position for the oculomotor system. We conclude that evaluating binocular function in patients with macular disease reveals important clinical aspects that otherwise cannot be determined solely from examining monocular functions, and can lead to better disease management and interventions.
Integrated Agent-based and System Dynamics Modelling for Simulation of Sustainable Mobility

In this article, a conceptual framework for a comprehensive evaluation of the diffusion process of alternative fuel vehicles is introduced. The framework takes into account the most influencing stakeholders, including car manufacturers, car dealers, consumers, energy supply system, fuel stations and government. The underlying mathematical models of different stakeholders are then integrated in one model of the whole energy and transport system. The hybrid modelling framework links the two powerful dynamic simulation approaches of system dynamics (SD) and agent-based (AB) modelling. Integrated modelling structure gives the potential of building more accurate and computationally efficient models for simulating the transition to sustainable mobility. We specify the integration process and the most important linking variables between various energy and transport components. Then the application of the integrated model is explained through a test case and, finally, the applicability of the hybrid AB and SD approach and its potential contribution to the models of transition to sustainable mobility will be concluded.