Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic anatomy a ﬀ ects genotypic variation in plant water use and shows di ﬀ erential organ speci ﬁ c plasticity to drought in Sorghum bicolor ☆

Genotypic variability and plasticity in hydraulic anatomy are not well-understood in herbaceous monocots. In this study, we used Sorghum bicolor , a monocotyledonous, tropical grass model, to understand whether di ﬀ erential plant water use is associated with xylem anatomy and if whole-plant xylem anatomy responds to water stress, justifying di ﬀ erential genotypic sensitivity to drought. In a greenhouse environment, we studied four sorghum genotypes that are known to genetically di ﬀ er in growth and exhibit di ﬀ erential sensitivity to drought. Under well-watered scenario, transpiration variability and plant growth traits correlated with xylem anatomical traits at both the leaf and stem level, including xylem area and predicted xylem-speci ﬁ c hydraulic conductivity. High water use genotypes had inherently higher hydraulic capacity, but under drought, their transpiration declined at higher fractions of transpirable soil water ( FTSW ) and they showed greater plasticity in hydraulic anatomy. However, lower FTSW thresholds and modest anatomical changes were identi ﬁ ed in the low water use genotypes with inherently lower hydraulic conductivity. Drought, induced modular phenotypic plasticity in hydraulic anatomy, whereby plasticity in leaf xylem traits was remarkably higher than stem xylem, while root xylem showed a reverse nature of vascular modi ﬁ cation. Xylem traits were in agreement with phloem anatomy, irrespective of water regime. Our study indicates that hydraulic anatomy can be critical for herbaceous monocots in determining limits to plant water use and genotypic response to drought with implications on whole-plant functions and habitat ecology.
Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus-encoded Viral Interleukin-6 Is Secreted and Modified Differently Than Human Interleukin-6 EVIDENCE FOR A UNIQUE AUTOCRINE SIGNALING MECHANISM*

Viral interleukin-6 (vIL-6) is a homolog of cellular IL-6 that is encoded by the Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) genome. vIL-6 binds to the IL-6 signal transducer gp130 without the cooperation of the IL-6 high affinity receptor to induce STAT3 DNA binding and cell proliferation. Although vIL-6 is believed to be important in the pathogenesis of KSHV-induced diseases, its secretion and post-translational modifications have not previously been characterized. Pulse-chase analysis revealed that the half-time of vIL-6 secretion is (cid:1) 8-fold longer than that of human IL-6. Yet, the vIL-6 signal sequence targets human IL-6 secretion to nearly wild-type levels. Surprisingly, vIL-6 was not secreted from a cell line that does not express gp130 but expression of human gp130 in these cells enabled the secretion of vIL-6. Consistent with this observation, complete maturation of gp130 N -glycans is inhibited by vIL-6 coexpres-sion, suggesting that the binding of the receptor to vIL-6 occurs intracellularly in early or pre-Golgi compartments. Furthermore, a vIL-6 mutant containing an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal is not secreted but does still induce receptor activation and signaling. Secreted vIL-6 is completely glycosylated at both possible N -glycosylaton sites and contains a large proportion of immature high-mannose glycans that is not typical of cytokines. These findings suggest that vIL-6 cipitation ( IP ) with preimmune serum served as a control. Fluorogram was overexposed to show light bands representing Endo H-digested vIL-6 from medium. Due to overexposure, a nonspecific band is present in the control lane containing protein immunoprecipitated from me- dium with preimmune serum. c , the relative percentages of Endo H-sensitive (high-mannose) or Endo H-insensitive (complex) N -glycans were determined by densitometric analysis of band intensities. Results were identical in two independent experiments. L , lysate; M , medium.
An Overview of Disaster Management and Wireless Communication Continuity

Anahtar Kelimeler Afet Uyarı Sistemi, Afet Yönetimi, Haberleşme Sistemi, Kablosuz İletişim, İletişim Ağı Öz: Afet sırasında ve sonrasında bir bölgedeki iletişim sistemlerinin çalışmaya devam etmesi hayati öneme sahip konulardan biridir. Afet ve diğer acil durum zamanlarında telekomünikasyon altyapısında oluşan hasarların tespiti ve tamiri oldukça büyük vakit kaybına neden olabileceği için bu iletişim şekli tercih edilmemektedir. Ayrıca ortaya çıkabilecek hizmet kayıpları da afet bölgesindeki yardım ekiplerinin yaşayabileceği zorlayıcı durumlardan biridir. Bu nedenle hem afetlerden önce uyarı sistemlerinin tasarlanması hem de afet sürecinde iletişim sürekliliğinin sağlanması çok büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Bu sistemler sayesinde doğal afetlerden kaynaklanabilecek zararlar en aza indirgenebilmektedir. Bu alanda gerçekleştirilen teknik ve bilimsel araştırmalar da oldukça önemlidir. Bu araştırmaların kapsamında çoğunlukla afet uyarı sistemleri, bir afetin etkilemeyeceği iletişim ağlarının geliştirilmesi ve alternatif haberleşme sistemleri bulunmaktadır. Mevcut çalışmada ise son yıllarda çeşitli araştırmacılar tarafından yapılan afet ve acil durum yönetim uygulamaları hakkında bir derleme yapılmıştır. Teknolojik açıdan farklı sistemlerin neler olduğu ve bunların işleyişi açıklanmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile aynı çatı altına alınan literatür örnekleri, özellikle bilgisayar mühendisliği alanındaki gelişmeleri disiplinler arası bir platforma taşımaktadır.
Akshara Pande

Background & Objective: Ayurveda, the “Mother of all healing”, has existed for over 5,000 years and hence is considered to be the oldest healing science. Ayurveda states that the mind can heal and transform a person's whole being as the mind and body are associated. Herbs are the heart of Ayurvedic belief. They are used to boost defense against diseases and viruses and keep the brain, body, and soul in complete balance. Although ayurvedic medicines and herbs have natural components, they should still be used with certain precautions under the supervision of a medical practitioner. This study aims to manually curate information for the various ayurvedic medicinal herbs that have antiviral activity against harmful viruses. Methods: Detailed information is collected from the literature regarding the following (a) types of viruses (b) which particular category they belong to(c) the respective components of herbs that are responsible for curing viruses. We developed a web interface with the help of php and mysql to get the desired output. Results: The database consists of 104 viruses and 704 natural components. The web server is available at: http://ayurvir.com. Interpretation & Conclusion: We believe that AyurVirDB database will be extremely beneficial for the research community. It not only aids in investigations of Ayurvedic medicinal plants and their components. On the emergence or re-emergence of a virus, one could be able to predict the ayurvedic plants/herbs used for viral treatment based on virus similarity or disease symptoms. 649 * Corresponding Author:
Using Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray 1 Fluorescence ( SRXRF ) to Assess the 2 Impacts of Shipping Emissions on the 3 Variations of PM 10-Bound Elemental 4 Species 5 6

11 aNIDA Center for Research & Development of Disaster Prevention & Management, School of Social and 12 Environmental Development, National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA), 118 Moo 3, Sereethai 13 Road, Klong-Chan, Bangkapi, Bangkok, 10240, THAILAND 14 15 bSynchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organisation) 16 111 Moo6, University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratjasima 30000, THAILAND 17 18 cDepartment of Environmental Science, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, THAILAND 19 20 dDepartment of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Islamabad, PAKISTAN 21 22
Benefits and Challenges of Personal Response System on Student Satisfaction and Usage Continuance Intention

Since the introduction of the personal response sys tem (PRS) to commercial market, its adoption in higher education systems has increa sed. Extensive studies have been done on this tool, and corresponding PRS review pap ers have been published. The value of these review papers may increase, if outco mes will be empirically validated further with existing theories. As an initial effort, we investigate how the benefi ts and challenges of PRS, as concluded by Kay and LeSage ( 2009), are perceived by experienced college students in Taiwan. The research results confirmed that PRS challenges are partially while PRS benefits are partially but strongly influ encing student satisfaction and the intention to continue usage. This research not only contributes by empirically validating PRS benefits and challenges derived from literature, but also by indicating that teachers ma y adopt PRS educational technology with fewer impacts from its limitations. This shoul d encourage practical implementation of PRS. Some suggestions regarding P RS implementations and future research directions are also discussed. Keyword: Personal Response System, Expectation Confirmation Theory, Satisfaction, Benefits, Challenges
Tissue Transglutaminase Has Intrinsic Kinase Activity IDENTIFICATION OF TRANSGLUTAMINASE 2 AS AN INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-BINDING PROTEIN-3 KINASE*

Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a ubiquitous enzyme that cross-links glutamine residues with lysine residues, resulting in protein polymerization, cross-linking of dissimilar proteins, and incorporation of diamines and polyamines into proteins. It has not previously been known to have kinase activity. Recently, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) has been reported to be phosphorylated by breast cancer cell membranes. We purified the IGFBP-3 kinase activity from solubilized T47D breast cancer cell membranes using gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, and IGFBP-3 affinity chromatography. The fractions containing kinase activity were further purified by high pressure liquid chromatography and analyzed by tandem mass spectroscopy. TG2 was detected in fractions containing kinase activity. Antisera to TG2 and protein A-Sepharose were used to immunoprecipitate TG2 from membrane fractions. The immunoprecipitates retained IGFBP-3 kinase, whereas immunoprecipitation deleted kinase activity in the membrane supernatant. The inhibitors of TG2, cystamine and monodansyl cadaverine, abolished the ability of the T47D cell membrane preparation to phosphorylate IGFBP-3. Both TG2 purified from guinea pig liver and recombinant human TG2 expressed in insect cells were able to phosphorylate IGFBP-3. TG2 kinase activity was inhibited in a concentration-dependent fashion by calcium, which has previously been shown to be important for the cross-linking activity of TG2. These data provide compelling evidence that TG2 has intrinsic kinase activity, a function that has not previously been ascribed to TG2. Furthermore, we provide evidence that TG2 is a major component of the IGFBP-3 kinase activity present on breast cancer cell membranes.
Effects of A^TV-Dimethylformamide and Retinoic Acid on Transforming Growth Factor-/? Induced Mitogenesis in AKR-2B Mouse Embryo Fibroblasts1

Transforming growth factor-/? (TGF-/3) is a (Â»functional reagent which can exert both stimulatory and inhibitory effects upon the same target cell. Treatment of growth arrested AKR-2B mouse embryo fibroblasts with TGF-/S has been shown to stimulate mitogenesis by an indirect mechanism. Addition of the differentiation agents ,V,Y-dimetli) Iformamide (DMF) or retinoic acid simultaneously with TGF-/3 blocked the ability of TGF-0 to induce mitogenesis. These agents partially blocked the mitogenic effects of epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor. DMF blocked TGF-0 induced mitogenesis when added 9 li. but not 24 h, after TGF-0 addition suggesting that DMF affects an early step in the mitogenic cascade induced by TGF-0. TGF-/3 will induce anchorage independent growth in AKR-2B fibroblasts and this was also inhibited by DMF. When AKR-2B cells were grown in monolayer culture, TGF-0 inhibited their growth. The addition of DMF under these condi tions did not alter the cell's sensitivity to TGF-/3 and the cells were still inhibited to the same extent by TGF-/3. Therefore, DMF did not affect the inhibitory action of TGF-0 on AKR-2B fibroblasts but did block the stimulatory effects of TGF-0.
Sexual selection and the loss of laryngeal air sacs during the evolution of speech

One noteworthy, but unexplained, aspect of the evolution of human speech is the loss of laryngeal air sacs during hominin evolution. Very little is known about the adaptive significance of this curious trait, or the selection pressures that may have driven the evolution of air sacs among primates, and their later loss in Homo . Here, I review the literature on the loss of laryngeal air sacs during the evolution of speech, and argue that sexual selection may have been a key factor. Although air sacs do not fossilize, the presence or absence of air sacs appears to be correlated with the anatomy of the hyoid bone, and fossil hyoid evidence suggests that air sacs were lost in hominins between 3.3 million and 530000 years ago. Air sacs are hypothesized to have an acoustic function, and some authors have argued that hominins may have lost their air sacs because they would make speech less clear. In other primates, such as gorillas and howler monkeys, air sacs appear to play a role in acoustic size exaggeration and may be linked to reproductive competition. I explore the hypothesis that changes in social organization and mating system towards reduced male–male competition may have relaxed the selection pressure maintaining loud, low-frequency calls in hominins, making air sacs obsolete. While much of the above will remain hypothetical until more concrete data are gathered, we can speculate by saying that air sacs may not have been necessary for the type of quiet vocal interaction that typifies human communication. Perhaps more recent Homo species, with lower levels of sexual dimorphism and increased social tolerance and complexity, began to communicate in a more complex way, eventually leading to spoken language.
The Effect of Recruitment and Career Development on The Spirit of Teachers’ Work Performance in MTs

The objectives in this study are: (1) Want to know the effect of recruitment on morale teachers at MTs Nurul Huda, (2) Want to know the influence of career development on the spirit of work teachers at MTs Nurul Huda, (3) Want to know that recruitment and career development have an effect on the spirit of teacher work at MTs Nurul Huda. The method used in this study is quantitative in nature associative descriptive. In this study, the saturated sampling method is a technique of determining when all members of the population are used as samples. The samples used in this study are all teachers at MTs Nurl Huda are 25 people. Data collection methods with questionnaires (polls) that have tested validity and reality. The data analysis techniques that have been used are tests correlation, coefficient determination test, regression test and hypothesis test using SPSS 18.0 program. Results this research shows that Recruitment (X1) and Career Development (X2) have an effect on employee productivity (Y) of 81.3% while the remaining 18.7% is affected by variable otherwise un scrutinized. The results of regression and career development analysis of the spirit of work are obtained 4581 + -(6,375) X1 + 6,992 X2. This constant of 4,581 means that if there is an increase in the value of the variable motivation and work environment, employee work productivity is 4,581%. Based on hypothesis test F recruitment and career development against the spirit of teachers obtained results F count>F table =47.933>3.44. It states that it has a significant influence on the recruitment and development of career towards the spirit of teacher work at MTs Nurul Huda. The conclusions of this study are recruitment and career development has a significant impact on the spirit of work. In this study the authors advice and input to the school leadership of MTs Nurul Huda, namely the need for school policy in improving recruitment, career development and work spirit significantly.
Finding State of Mind Through Emotion Text

In this paper, the main aim of the project is to identify and do analysis of sentiment and emotion of the person and through the analysis ﬁnd the state of the mind of the person. After ﬁnding the state of the mind of the person we can help people through NGO. We know that now top people are using social media twitter, and that place people are posting their thoughts and feelings. In this paper, our job is to do a twitter text analysis and make recommendations based on human emotions and also ﬁnd state of mind of the person. Here we collect a tweet from the tweeter and their posts and make an analysis of this post. Emotional analysis is the study area for analyzing people’s reviews, emotions, attitudes, and feelings from a tweeter in a written language. Emotional analysis has applications such as data collection and analysis of that data. However, the large volume and unstructured nature of text or data poses a challenge to properly analyzing data. Similarly, skilled algorithms or computer techniques are needed to mine and reduce tweets and ﬁnd emotional words. Many of the existing computer systems, models, algorithms in sensory diagnostics from such informal data rely on machine learning techniques on the voice bag process as its basis. Understanding public opinion from a tweeter can help improve future decision-making. Comment mines are a way to get knowledge about online services from tweeter blogs, micro blogs , and social media. Individual opinions vary from person to person, and Twitter tweets are the most important source of this type of data. However, the large volume and unstructured nature of text / ideas data poses a challenge to analyzing the efﬁcient data system. we know that millions of people are posting their reviews and comments on Twitter. By performing a tweeter analysis we will use other data science techniques to make an example, processing, classiﬁcation of Bayes naive, k means algorithm integration, etc.
Validation of a Deep Learning Model to aid in COVID-19 Detection from Digital Chest Radiographs

Introduction: Using artificial intelligence in imaging practice helps ensure study list reprioritization, prompt attention to urgent studies, and reduces the reporting turn-around time. Purpose: We tested a deep learning-based artificial intelligence model that can detect COVID-19 pneumonia patterns from digital chest radiographs. Material and Methods: The deep learning model was built using the enhanced U-Net architecture with Spatial Attention Gate and Xception Encoder. The model was named DxCOVID and was tested on an external clinical dataset. The dataset included 2247 chest radiographs comprising CXRs from 1046 COVID-19 positive patients (positive on RT-PCR) and 1201 COVID-19 negative patients. Results: We compared the performance of the model with three different radiologists by adjusting the model's sensitivity as per the individual radiologist. The area under the curve (AUC) on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of the model was 0.87 [95% CI: 0.85, 0.89]. Conclusion: When compared to the performance of three expert readers, DxCOVID matched the output of two of the three readers. Disease-specific deep learning models using current technology are mature enough to match radiologists' performance and can be a suitable tool to be incorporated into imaging workflows.
Longitudinal profiles of plasma gelsolin, cytokines and antibody expression predict COVID-19 severity and hospitalization outcomes

Background Prognostic markers for COVID-19 disease outcome are currently lacking. Plasma gelsolin (pGSN) is an actin-binding protein and an innate immune marker involved in disease pathogenesis and viral infections. Here, we demonstrate the utility of pGSN as a prognostic marker for COVID-19 disease outcome; a test performance that is significantly improved when combined with cytokines and antibodies compared to other conventional markers such as CRP and ferritin. Methods Blood samples were longitudinally collected from hospitalized COVID-19 patients as well as COVID-19 negative controls and the levels of pGSN in μg/mL, cytokines and anti- SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies assayed. Mean ± SEM values were correlated with clinical parameters to develop a prognostic platform. Results pGSN levels were significantly reduced in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy individuals. Additionally, pGSN levels combined with plasma IL-6, IP-10 and M-CSF significantly distinguished COVID-19 patients from healthy individuals. While pGSN and anti-spike IgG titers together strongly predict COVID-19 severity and death, the combination of pGSN and IL-6 was a significant predictor of milder disease and favorable outcomes. Conclusion Taken together, these findings suggest that multi-parameter analysis of pGSN, cytokines and antibodies could predict COVID-19 hospitalization outcomes with greater certainty compared with conventional clinical laboratory markers such as CRP and ferritin. This research will inform and improve clinical management and health system interventions in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Short- and Long-term Mortality by Stroke Type

Background and Objectives Racial and ethnic disparities in stroke outcomes exist, but differences by stroke type are less understood. We studied the association of race and ethnicity with stroke mortality, by stroke type, in a national sample of hospitalized patients in the Veterans Health Administration. Methods A retrospective observational study was performed including non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic patients with a first hospitalization for stroke between 2002 and 2012. Stroke was determined using ICD-9 codes and date of death was obtained from the National Death Index. For each of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), we constructed a piecewise multivariable model for all-cause mortality, using follow-up intervals of ≤30 days, 31–90 days, 91 days to 1 year, and >1 year. Results Among 37,790 patients with stroke (89% AIS, 9% ICH, 2% SAH), 25,492 (67%) were non-Hispanic White, 9,752 (26%) were non-Hispanic Black, and 2,546 (7%) were Hispanic. The cohort was predominantly male (98%). Compared with White patients, Black patients experienced better 30-day survival after AIS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.80, 95% CI 0.73–0.88; 1.4% risk difference) and worse 30-day survival after ICH (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.06–1.44; 3.2% risk difference). Hispanic patients experienced reduced risk for >1-year mortality after AIS (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.80–0.94), but had greater risk of 30-day mortality after SAH compared with White patients (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.03–2.52; 10.3% risk difference). Discussion Among US Veterans, absolute risk of 30-day mortality after ICH was 3.2% higher for Black patients and after SAH was 10.3% higher for Hispanic patients compared with White patients. These findings underscore the importance of investigating stroke outcomes by stroke type to better understand the factors driving observed racial and ethnic disparities.