Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fighting disinformation with artificial intelligence: fundamentals, advances and challenges

Internet and social media have revolutionised the way news is distributed and consumed. However, the constant flow of massive amounts of content has made it difficult to discern between truth and falsehood, especially in online platforms plagued with malicious actors who create and spread harmful stories. Debunking disinformation is costly, which has put artificial intelligence (AI) and, more specifically, machine learning (ML) in the spotlight as a solution to this problem. This work revises recent literature on AI and ML techniques to combat disinformation, ranging from automatic classification to feature extraction, as well as their role in creating realistic synthetic content. We conclude that ML advances have been mainly focused on automatic classification and scarcely adopted outside research labs due to their dependence on limited-scope datasets. Therefore, research efforts should be redirected towards developing AI-based systems that are reliable and trustworthy in supporting humans in early disinformation detection instead of fully automated solutions.
Female Managers' Perceptions of Their Role in Greek Secondary Education

This study set sights on the perceptions that female principals hold, about their administrative role in Greek secondary education. The administration of education has been analysed from a male perspective and has been enriched with elements that come from the experience of men. As Acker (1995) points out, there has not been much discussion about issues that concern the gender - role of managers, and, in particular, the experience of women in managerial positions of schools, in terms of power relations at school, the requirements of their role, the prospects for their career development and, above all, the obstacles they confront (compliance or resistance to standards), their professional values, their view on the formulation of management theories. There is a gap, of female subjectivity in this role. Moreover, there is an implicit assumption, that male experience is the norm in school administration. Greek scientific research, while it has dealt with issues of administration and education, it has not dealt with thoroughly at theoretical and research base with women as subjects and their place in administration of schools and particularly of secondary schools. Taking under consideration that the perception of the administrative role by the directors of schools, holds a significant meaning in the configuration of their administrative behaviour and noting that issues related to gender relationship have not been much discussed, the aim of this study is to assess and evaluate those factors and conditions that are involved in the female, administrative, school reality of high school. The survey is divided into two parts. The first part is presented through the review of literature, the dominant theories about school management, feminist approaches to administration in education, managerial behavior of women, with an emphasis on quantitative data of their participation, in the case of the 3rd district of Athens, during the period 2016-2017. The second part includes the presentation of the research, with reference to the methodology followed, until the production of the final text. The survey was based on the qualitative method, using personal interviews with women who were already directors. The survey proved that the women in question, perceived their role as either administrative either as coordinating or supporting, towards pupils and teachers at the school unit. Moreover, they use a more democratic, participatory, administrative style, interpersonally oriented, contributing to educational administration with “feminine values and practices”.
Fluid migration along deep‐crustal shear zone: A case study of the Rhenosterkoppies Greenstone Belt in the northern Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa

The north‐dipping Hout River Shear Zone (HRSZ), which marks the boundary between the high‐grade Limpopo Complex in its hanging wall and the low‐grade granite‐greenstone terrane of the Kaapvaal Craton in South Africa in its footwall, is a deep‐crustal shear zone that controlled emplacement of hot Limpopo Complex granulites over and against low‐grade granite‐greenstones during exhumation at ~2.72–2.62 Ga. This major shear zone controlled migration of large volumes of hydrous fluids released during devolatilization of underthrusted greenstones that infiltrated into hot overlying granulites, establishing a retrograde anthophyllite‐in isograd and associated zone of retrograde rehydrated granulite that bounds the Limpopo Complex in the south. Here, we report new petrological data based on mineral equilibrium modelling of amphibolites from the Rhenosterkoppies Greenstone Belt (RGB) located in the immediate footwall of the HRSZ and discuss evidence that these rocks also interacted with high‐temperature fluids that infiltrated along the HRSZ. This study provides an important perspective of the interaction of hot granulites with underthrusted relatively cold greenschist‐facies rocks along the steeply north‐dipping section of the HRSZ, and shows that evidence for such interaction is restricted to a relatively narrow zone in the footwall of the HRSZ termed a hot‐iron‐zone. The peak mineral assemblage of a garnet‐free amphibolite from the RGB (magnesio‐hornblende + plagioclase + quartz + clinopyroxene + titanite + ilmenite) yielded the peak P–T condition of 7–8 kbar and 640–680°C with H2O content of 3.5–3.8 mol%. Clinopyroxene is replaced by actinolite + quartz and epidote + quartz symplectites by a post‐peak hydration event at <5 kbar and <590°C caused by elevated H2O content in the rock (>4.0 mol%), possibly related to fluid infiltration along the HRSZ. Mineral equilibria in a garnet‐bearing amphibolite records a prograde path from 5 to 7 kbar and 540–630°C to the peak conditions at 7.6–8.7 kbar and 620–650°C. A clockwise P–T path suggesting rapid compression and decompression has been inferred for the amphibolites from the RGB, possibly because of pressure increase related to overthrusting of the high‐grade terrane (Southern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo Complex) onto the low‐grade granite‐greenstone terrane, followed by rapid exhumation. The quantity of H2O associated with the amphibolite‐facies metamorphism in the RGB was elevated from the peak stage (M(H2O) = 3.5–3.8 mol%) to the retrograde stage (M(H2O) = 4.0–4.5 mol%) of metamorphism in the RGB, possibly suggesting fluid infiltration not only from internal sources but also from external sources. The results of this study indicate that a H2O‐bearing fluid, which infiltrated along the HRSZ, affected both the footwall and the hanging wall sections of the shear zone, although the effect on the footwall section was limited.
Multiparameter Remote Contact Force Sensor With Embedded Bend Sensing for Tendon-Driven Hand Robots

Integrating multiple sensors without increasing the structural complexity and their original form factor is a major concern in robotic applications, particularly in tendon-driven systems. This study proposes a multiparameter contact force sensor with bend sensing by utilizing an improved Bowden cable design. The proposed sensor consists of an end tip with an elastomer membrane, a Bowden cable consisting of a sheath and dual inner wires, and a remotely separated sensing component. The electrical wirings are decoupled from the mechanical Bowden cable system. The displacement difference between the force-sensing and bend-sensing wires is transmitted through the sheath, indicating the contact force on the end tip. The modeling and experiments verify that the contact force applied on the end tip is linearly related to the sensor output signal and is reliable after repeated measurements. The proposed sensor, utilizing the flexible Bowden cable as its sensing modality, can be integrated into a diverse range of tendon-driven robotic applications. These applications include a robotic hand with tactile and angle sensing capabilities, as well as a soft wearable robot for the hand (Exo-glove Poly II). The compact form factor of the proposed sensor enables geometric sensing without increasing structural complexity for multiparameter sensing in robotic applications.
BRASS: Cross-match of atomic repositories and spectral line blending investigations1

The Belgian repository of fundamental atomic data and stellar spectra (BRASS) aims to critically evaluate atomic data, from publicly available repositories, by comparing state-of-the-art synthetic spectra against high-quality benchmark stellar spectra. In preparation for our assessment we have cross-matched atomic line transitions from several different databases. Our investigation revealed significant updates in log(gf) values, sometimes as large as 2–4 dex, that fully justify the need for systematic quality assessments of the atomic data. We have also investigated the spectral line blending of an initial subset of 2647 atomic lines using spectral synthesis calculations, for the spectral types BAFGK.
Robust Graph Autoencoder-Based Detection of False Data Injection Attacks Against Data Poisoning in Smart Grids

Machine learning-based detection of false data injection attacks (FDIAs) in smart grids relies on labeled measurement data for training and testing. The majority of existing detectors are developed assuming that the adopted datasets for training have correct labeling information. However, such an assumption is not always valid as training data might include measurement samples that are incorrectly labeled as benign, namely, adversarial data poisoning samples, which have not been detected before. Neglecting such an aspect makes detectors susceptible to data poisoning. Our investigations revealed that detection rates (DRs) of existing detectors significantly deteriorate by up to $\text{9}\text{--}\text{29}{\%}$ when subject to data poisoning in generalized and topology-specific settings. Thus, we propose a generalized graph neural network-based anomaly detector that is robust against FDIAs and data poisoning. It requires only benign datasets for training and employs an autoencoder with Chebyshev graph convolutional recurrent layers with attention mechanism to capture the spatial and temporal correlations within measurement data. The proposed convolutional recurrent graph autoencoder model is trained and tested on various topologies (from 14, 39, and 118-bus systems). Due to such factors, it yields stable generalized detection performance that is degraded by only $\text{1.6}\text{--}\text{3.7}{\%}$ in DR against high levels of data poisoning and unseen FDIAs in unobserved topologies.
Cooperative Differential Games Guidance Laws for Imposing a Relative Intercept Angle

A cooperative guidance law for a team of interceptors trying to intercept, from multiple directions, an evading target is proposed. An example scenario of interest is that of intercepting an aerial target, such as a ballistic missile, from multiple directions. The engagement is analyzed in the framework of a linear quadratic zero-sum two-person differential game, where the team of interceptors constitutes one of the adversaries and the target the other. An arbitrary number of interceptors, each having linear dynamics, is considered. The obtained guidance law for the team of interceptors enables enforcement of a relative geometry in between the group of missiles and the target. Such an approach is superior (in the sense of the required control effort) to that where each interceptor independently enforces, using a one-on-one strategy, a preselected intercept angle that satisfies the relative intercept requirement. A nonlinear two-dimensional simulation is used to investigate the performance of the obtained .
Measurement of the track finding efficiency

This note presents a measurement of the track finding efficiency for long tracks in the 2010 and 2011 data. The efficiency is measured using a tag-and-probe technique with J/ψ decays. The overall efficiency depends on the momentum spectrum of the tracks and the track multiplicy of the event. The efficiency ratio between data and simulation is given in a p–η phase space, which can be used by other analyses to correct the simulation and assign a systematic uncertainty. For the momentum spectrum of the J/ψ decay products the overall efficiency ratio is measured to be 99.4± 0.7% for 2010 data and 100.9± 0.6% for 2011 data.
Interactive Segmentation Algorithm Based on Improved Random Walk

Interactive segmentation algorithm has been paid more and more attention in the field of image segmentation. Random walk algorithm is a proposed interactive segmentation algorithm based on graph theory, this paper proposes an improved Random Walk algorithm, the algorithm is more real-time than the original algorithm, and also has good robustness. This method adds the new improved Watershed algorithm to pre segmentation processing, reconstruct the connected domain graph, and the segmentation function Gauss area using 2 norm entropy reduction as a function of energy, finally it was solved by Random Walk algorithm. This method is faster than the original algorithm, the accuracy is satisfactory, and can be used for multi-target segmentation which has good robustness to noise.
Depth image super-resolution via semi self-taught learning framework

Depth images have recently attracted much attention in computer vision and high-quality 3D content for 3DTV and 3D movies. In this paper, we present a new semi self-taught learning application framework for enhancing resolution of depth maps without making use of ancillary color images data at the target resolution, or multiple aligned depth maps. Our framework consists of cascade random forests reaching from coarse to fine results. We learn the surface information and structure transformations both from a small high-quality depth exemplars and the input depth map itself across different scales. Considering that edge plays an important role in depth map quality, we optimize an effective regularized objective that calculates on output image space and input edge space in random forests. Experiments show the effectiveness and superiority of our method against other techniques with or without applying aligned RGB information
To Assess the Effect of Lighting on Identifying the Ishihara Colour Vision Plates in Trichomats

Aims: The main aim of present study is to investigate the effect of luminance on identifying the Ishihara colour vision plates in normal trichromats. Place and Duration of Study: Dr. Rishi Bhardwaj Visual Psychophysics laboratory, School of Medical sciences, University of Hyderabad-INDIA, 1-year (07/2015 to 07/07/2016). Methodology: This experimental quantitative study design conducted with n=60 participants of age group 18 to 21 years both male & female genders and inclusion criteria was trichromats, emmetropes with no history of ocular pathology and randomized sampling was done to study the experiment in lab setting with three different illuminations (Compact fluorescent lightCFL), fluorescent light, LED light) with constant 400-lux is maintained for the experiment followed by colour vision assessment with Ishihara colour vision plates 38 th edition (printed) version. Followed by satisfactory and feedback of comfort was received by participants. Results: The relation between lighting and isochromatic colour vision plates response was not statistically significance (P=0.007) males & females (P=0.056). But the isochromatic plate identifying speed is faster (1 3 sec) under fluorescent lighting compare to CFL and LED, similarly Original Research Article Ram and Bharadwaj; OR, 7(1): 1-6, 2017; Article no.OR. 33018 2 the distribution of symptoms related to colour vision was very less in fluorescent lighting (10-30%) followed by CFL (10-55%) and maximum (30 – 75%) under LED lighting, shown more symptomatic. Satisfactory feedback from sixty participants showed that 36 participants recommended (Fluorescent=63%) lighting was good while identifying ishihara colour vision plates followed by CFL and LED similarly, 12 recommended (CFL=20%) and 10 participants recommended (LED=17%). Conclusion: This experiment concludes that ishihara colour vision plates are a tool for red and green deficiency screening. But the luminance intensity and types of lighting play a vital role for discriminating the numerals that imbedded in isochromatic plates, fluorescent lighting showed better results and faster speed to recognize the isochromatic plates compare to CFL and LED luminance in trichromats.
Provision of creative arts interventions in UK drug and alcohol services: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: The provision of nonpharmacological interventions in UK drug and alcohol treatment services varies from service to service. This cross-sectional study explores the types of interventions that are available for people seeking treatment for substance use dependence within UK drug and alcohol services in the context of nonpharmacological treatment provision. METHOD: A structured questionnaire was distributed to 762 UK drug and alcohol treatment services. RESULTS: A total of 93 drug and alcohol treatment services are included in the analysis. Key worker support 84.94 per cent and talking therapies 83.87 per cent are the most reported nonpharmacological interventions. Access to creative art provision as therapy or as an activity is reported by 51.61 per cent of included services. CONCLUSION: Nonpharmacological interventions are currently an integral treatment for people who use substances. The services providing creative art interventions report a positive impact on motivation for recovery and improvement in recovery rates when included in treatment programmes.
Recursive Inertia Estimation with Semidefinite Programming

A recursive algorithm suitable for on-orbit estimation of a spacecraft’s inertia tensor is presented. The estimation problem is formulated as a semidefinite program with explicit enforcement of positivedefiniteness and other constraints on the elements of the inertia tensor, which enhances convergence and guarantees that a physically valid result is returned. A discrete mechanics formulation of the spacecraft dynamics allows data routinely generated by spacecraft attitude determination systems to be directly used as input to the estimator. Numerical examples demonstrate the performance of the algorithm on simulated telemetry data.
Convective Organization in Evolving Large-Scale Forcing Represented by a Highly Truncated Numerical Archetype

Considered as a prognostic generalization of mass-flux-based convection parameterization, the highly truncated nonhydrostatic anelastic model with segmentally constant approximation (NAM–SCA) is tested with time-evolving large-scale forcing. The 20-day GATE Phase III period is taken as a major data source. The main advantage of the NAM–SCA parameterization is consistency with subgrid-scale dynamics as represented by the nonhydrostatic anelastic formulation. The approach explicitly generates important dynamical structures of convection (e.g., mesoscale circulations, cold pools) spontaneously without further tuning or treatment as additional subcomponents. As with other convection parameterizations, the numerical simulation of the precipitation rate, the apparent heat source, and the apparent moisture sink is straightforward and reasonably insensitive to the numerical procedures. However, convective momentum transport by organized convection turns out to be difficult even with NAM–SCA, especially for the inherently three-dimensional shear-parallel systems. Modifications of NAM–SCA regarding the large-scale forcing formulation improves the mesoscale momentum transport. Simulation of the full 120-day TOGA COARE period demonstrates the performance of NAM–SCA in different meteorological conditions and its capacity to operate over a longer time period.
Total Idle Time Density Function of M/C2/1 Systems under (0,k) Policy

The aim of this paper is to derive the probability density function (pdf) of the total idle time of busy period of M/C2/1 queues operating under control policies through lattice path combinatorics (LPC) approach. The service distribution is approximated by Coxian two-phase distribution. We focus on deriving the pdf of total idle time of M/C2/1 queues under (0,k) control policy, wherein the server goes on the vacation when the system becomes empty and re-opens for service immediately at the arrival of the kthcostumer. We present an important result which is the theorem of the pdf of total idle time when system is in busy period that ends with a departure.
Plants based rich sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids: A comprehensive review

Many oil seeds contain the necessary fatty acids i.e polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) like omega-3 and omega-6. These PUFAs are oxidation-prone. Before being applied to or added as a value to food products, PUFAs need to be protected, hence this is accomplished by microencapsulation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of different types of PUFA rich oil seeds and their benefits in human health. Health benefit of pufa include obesity which have become a global health crisis. Clinical studies on obesity, cardiovascular disease, and inflammatory disorders have all shown that omega 3 fatty acids have effects on anti-inflammatory characteristics that can reduce or lower the risk of heart diseases. One of the newest technique to prevent oxidation of PUFAs is microencapsulation. One strategy for maintaining the integrity of delicate chemicals is microencapsulation. It is also a way to create materials with new beneficial features. The method of microencapsulation involves encasing microscopic particles in a polymeric shell. This review also describes different techniques of microencapsulation of PUFAs which includes single
Smart Irrigation and Crop Health Prediction

The scarcity of clean water resources around the globe has generated a need for their optimum utilization Internet of Things (IoT) solutions, based on the application specific sensors’ data acquisition and intelligent processing are bridging the gaps between the cyber and physical world. IoT based smart irrigation systems can help in achieving optimum water-resource utilization in the precision farming landscape. This paper presents an open-source technology based smart system to predict the irrigation requirements of a field using the sensing of ground parameter like soil moisture soil temperature, and environmental conditions along with the weather forecast data from the Internet. The intelligence of the proposed system is based on a smart algorithm, which considers sensed data along with the weather forecast parameters like precipitation, air temperature, humidity, and UV for the near future. The complete system has been developed and deployed on a pilot scale, where the sensor node data is wirelessly collected over the cloud using web-services and a web-based information visualization and decision support system provides the real-time information-insights based on the analysis of sensors data and weather forecast data. The paper describes the system and discusses in detail the information processing results of three weeks data based on the proposed algorithm. The system is fully functional and the prediction results are very encouraging.