Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trop2 binding IGF2R induces gefitinib resistance in NSCLC by remodeling the tumor microenvironment

Gefitinib has shown good efficacy in treating recurrent or advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the drug resistance remains a clinical challenge in medical oncology. In addition, the complex interaction between tumor cells and heterogeneous stromal cells in the adjacent tumor microenvironment (TME) is also an important contributor to drug resistance. So, it is very necessary to detect the related target genes before and after gefitinib treatment dynamically. In this study, the relationship between Trop2 and gefitinib resistance in NSCLC was investigated, and the underlying mechanism was explored. Results showed that Trop2 was associated with EGFR gene mutation and drug resistance in clinical tissues. Trop2 was confirmed to induce gefitinib resistance in NSCLC, and Trop2 binding IGF2R promoted the IGF2-IGF1R-Akt axis to enhance gefitinib resistance and remodeling the TME in NSCLC. Notably, silencing of Trop2 in cancer cells combined with IGF1R inhibitor significantly decreased the proliferation of tumor cells and reshaped the NSCLC TME in vivo and in vitro, including the recruitment of macrophages. These findings deepened the understanding of the function of Trop2 and the involved mechanisms of gefitinib resistance, and may provide new molecular targets for NSCLC with gefitinib resistance.
State-of-the-Art Review: Demyelinating Diseases in Indonesia

Demyelinating diseases are more common in Indonesia than previously believed. However, it is still a challenge for a country such as Indonesia to implement the scientific medical advances, especially in the diagnostic process of demyelinating diseases, to achieve the best possible outcome for these groups of patients, within the constraints of what is socially, technologically, economically, and logistically achievable. In this review, we address the 4 major classes of demyelinating disease: multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), anti-MOG-associated encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM), and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and discuss their prevalence, demographics, clinical diagnosis workup, and imaging features in the Indonesian population, as well as the challenges we face in their diagnosis and therapeutic approach. We hope that this overview will lead to a better awareness of the spectrum of demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system in Indonesia.
Study on Nutrition and Antioxidant Activities of Sterculia nobilis Smith Seeds

Biological characters of Sterculia nobilis Smith were briefly introduced as a native woody plant with edible seeds in South China.Nutritional compositions of the seeds from Guangxi were measured.The antioxidant activities were determined by evaluating reducing power,metal chelating capacity,1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical-scavenging activity,hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity,and superoxide anion-scavenging activity of polyphenols extraction from the seeds.The results showed that S.nobilis Smith seeds were nutritious,contained eighteen amino acids and abundant polyphenols.The content of starch was 60.42 g/100 g FW,protein was 20.32 g/100 g FW,fat was 2.18 g/100 g FW,amino acids were 2.36 g/100 g FW,Fe was 136.86 mg/100 g FW,vitamin C was 7225 μg/100 g FW,and total phenols were 401.84 μg/mL gallic acid.Polyphenols extraction of S.nobilis Smith seeds expressed rather strong reducing power,metal chelating capacity,DPPH radical-scavenging activity,hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity and superoxide anion-scavenging activity.In the content range of 0-50 μg/mL gallic acid,S.nobilis Smith seeds expressed nearly the same antioxidant activity to that of ascorbic acid and EDTA.Thus,S.nobilis is a potential functional food resource plant due to its comprehensive nutrition and high antioxidant activities
E2F4 Promotes the Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells through Upregulation of CDCA3

Liver cancer, the second most commonly diagnosed cancer, is associated with high mortality rates. E2F4 is a member of the E2F transcription factor family. There are limited studies on the role of E2F4 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, the expression of E2F4 in HCC tissue samples and cell lines was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. E2F4 expression positively correlated with tumor size in patients with HCC. Additionally, E2F4 expression was greater in HCC cells than in normal LO2 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of E2F4 significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. The results of a luciferase assay revealed that E2F4 upregulated the expression of CDCA3 by binding to its promoter region (1863'-ACGCGCGAGAATG-1875') and consequently promoted proliferation and cell cycle progression of HCC cells. Taken together, these results demonstrated that E2F4 might play a vital role in HCC progression and could serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and as a therapeutic target of HCC.
Protective Effect of Phoenix dactylifera L. Seeds against Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats: A Comparison with Vitamin C

Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm) seeds have been mentioned in the Moroccan pharmacopoeia as efficient remedies against a wide range of diseases including hepatic and gastrointestinal disorders and countless infections. The current work was performed to assess the phenolic profile and hepatoprotective potential of two date seed varieties, locally known as Jihl and Majhoul, aqueous extracts against paracetamol- (PCM-) driven liver toxicity in 42 Wistar rats. The polyphenol profile was built by means of an HPLC analysis. Hepatic damage was provoked by exposing rats to PCM at a dose of 1.5 g/kg once a week. Besides PCM, Jihl and Majhoul date seed extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg) were administered orally in a day-to-day routine. Our findings showed that among the examined polyphenol compounds, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, caffeic acid, and rutin were the most abundant phytochemicals. Date pits significantly (p < 0.001) stabilized the PCM-driven alterations in liver function parameters (AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, total protein, direct bilirubin, and total bilirubin). Moreover, Phoenix dactylifera pits enhanced considerably (p < 0.001) the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) as well as the level of reduced glutathione (GSH). The established hepatoprotective effect may be due to the date seeds antioxidant effect and their ability to trap free radicals. The main outcomes of the present study could validate the traditional use of these date seeds to manage various health conditions.
The Regulation of Circulating Hepatokines by Fructose Ingestion in Humans

Abstract Context Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), follistatin, angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), and growth differential factor 15 (GDF15) are regulated by energy metabolism. Recent findings in humans demonstrate that fructose ingestion increases circulating FGF21, with increased response in conditions of insulin resistance. Objective This study examines the acute effect of fructose and somatostatin on circulating FGF21, follistatin, ANGPTL4, and GDF15 in humans. Methods Plasma FGF21, follistatin, ANGPTL4, and GDF15 concentrations were measured in response to oral ingestion of 75 g of fructose in 10 young healthy males with and without a 15-minute infusion of somatostatin to block insulin secretion. A control infusion of somatostatin was also performed in the same subjects. Results Following fructose ingestion, plasma FGF21 peaked at 3.7-fold higher than basal concentration (P < 0.05), and it increased 4.9-fold compared with basal concentration (P < 0.05) when somatostatin was infused. Plasma follistatin increased 1.8-fold after fructose ingestion (P < 0.05), but this increase was blunted by concomitant somatostatin infusion. For plasma ANGPTL4 and GDF15, no increases were obtained following fructose ingestion. Infusion of somatostatin alone slightly increased plasma FGF21 and follistatin. Conclusion Here we show that in humans (1) the fructose-induced increase in plasma FGF21 was enhanced when somatostatin was infused, suggesting an inhibitory role of insulin on the fructose-induced FGF21 increase; (2) fructose ingestion also increased plasma follistatin, but somatostatin infusion blunted the increase; and (3) fructose ingestion had no stimulating effect on ANGPTL4 and GDF15 levels, demonstrating differences in the hepatokine response to fructose ingestion.
Genomic Profiling of Circulating Tumor DNA from Patients with Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer Identifies Potentially Actionable Alterations

Comprehensive genomic profiling may help uncover potentially actionable alterations in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients who have progressed on standard chemotherapy. However, tissue procurement may be extremely challenging for extensive-stage patients. We aimed to investigate the possibility of genomic profiling and detecting actionable alterations from blood in Chinese SCLC patients. Blood samples collected from extensive-stage SCLC pateints were subjected to circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) extraction and targeted-next generation sequencing (NGS) using a 150-gene panel. A total of 1,300 aberrations were detected in 128 genes and 89.2% (116/130) patients harbored at least one oncogenic alteration. The most frequently mutated genes included TP53 (82.3%), RB1 (56.2%), LRP1B (40.8%) etc. and 54.6% of the patients had concurrent TP53/RB1 mutations. The RTK/RAS/RAF axis was the most frequently mutated oncogenic pathway. Samples harboring alterations in the DNA damaging repair (DDR), Notch, PI3K/mTOR, RTK/RAS/RAF, and Wnt pathways exhibited significantly higher blood tumor mutational burden (bTMB) than their wildtype counterparts. Classification based on OncoKB criteria detected potentially actionable alterations in about 50% of the population, half of which were bTMB-H and bMSI-H, indicating response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Alterations in the RTK/RAS/RAF, DDR, and PI3K/mTOR also suggested potential sensitivity to matched targeted therapies or emerging investigational agents. Blood-based panel NGS is promising for delineating genomic landscape of SCLC and may also shed some light on treatment selection for Chinese SCLC patients.
Spectrum of Electroencephalography Findings in Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy

Background Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that presents with recurrent seizures associated with erratic brain activity which can be measured through EEG in addition to other neurological investigations. However, EEG may show abnormal patterns and waveforms while the patient is having a seizure which is crucial for making an accurate diagnosis. Objective This study aims to evaluate the spectrum of EEG findings in newly diagnosed epileptic patients as part of a neurological investigation. Material and methods This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Paediatric Neurology, the Children's Hospital, and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore for six months. A sample of 122 patients was enrolled in this study with an age range of >1 month and <18 years, with a diagnosis of epilepsy based upon ≥2 unprovoked seizures that occurred ≥ 24 hours apart. After obtaining informed consent from the patients, a one-time EEG was carried out and details were noted such as type and frequency of the discharge, site of maximum amplitude, paroxysm morphology, and onset and offset (focal/generalized) of the discharges. The data was analyzed using SPSS v.25 (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Armonk, NY). Results The mean age of children enrolled in this study was 5.58 ± 3.46 years. There were 70 (57.4%) males and 52 (42.6%) females. The mean age at the onset of seizures was 4.85 ± 3.16 years. Out of 122 children, focal onset aware epilepsy type was noted in 8 cases, focal onset impaired awareness was noted in 19 cases and generalized onset motor type of epilepsy was noted in 95 cases. Furthermore, EEG findings were normal in 41 (33.61%) patients; however, 81 (66.39%) EEG findings of the patients place them in the abnormal range. On EEG, paroxysm morphology was typical in 78 (96.3%) patients while atypical in 3 (3.7%) patients. Discharge spectrum was generalized in 46 (56.8%) patients, localized in 19 (23.5%) patients, bilateral independent in 1 (1.2%) patient and multifocal in 15 (18.5%) patients. Discharge pattern was periodic in seven (8.6%) cases, rhythmic delta activity was noted in 4 (4.9%) cases, spike and wave pattern was noted in 68 (84.0%) cases and sharp and wave pattern was observed in 36 (44.4%) patients. Conclusion Our study concluded that EEG findings were abnormal in 81 (66.39%) patients. Thus to make the recommendations locally and nationally, we observed that EEG can highlight the abnormal pattern and discharges in newly diagnosed individuals with epilepsy. Our findings could be instrumental to identify the type of EEG discharges in a timely fashion while making diagnoses and treatment plan protocols accordingly. This study finding recommends the early application of EEG after the presentation of epileptic symptoms by the patient. We further recommend that further similar studies be conducted in multiple tertiary care settings to reach a firm and valuable conclusion.
Identification of Cysteine Protease Inhibitor CST2 as a Potential Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer

Additional biomarkers for the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain to be identified. Hence, the current study aimed to identify potential diagnostic markers for CRC. Analyses of cysteine protease inhibitor [cystatins (CSTs)] expression in CRC samples and its correlation with cancer stage or survival in patients with CRC demonstrated that CRC tissues had greater CST1 and CST2 mRNA expression compared to noncancerous adjacent tissues, while higher CST2 mRNA expression in CRC tissues was correlated with advanced stages and disease-free survival in patients with CRC, encouraging further exploration on the role of CST2 in CRC. Through an online database search and tissue microarray (TMA), we confirmed that CRC samples had higher CST2 expression compared to noncancerous adjacent tissue or normal colorectal tissues at both the mRNA and protein levels. TMA also revealed that colorectal adenoma, CRC, and metastatic CRC tissues exhibited a significantly increased CST2 protein expression. Accordingly, survival analysis demonstrated that the increase in CST2 protein expression was correlated with shorter overall survival of patients with CRC. Moreover, our results found a significant upregulation of CST2 in multiple cancer tissues. Taken together, these findings suggest the potential role of CST2 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for CRC.
Interactive effects of self-rumination and self-reflection on severity of depression

Previous researches have indicated that self-focused attention can be divided in to adaptive self-reflection and maladaptive ruminative factors. However self-reflection has two aspects, although it can prevent depression, self-rumination may spoil its adaptive effects. The aim of this study was to compare rumination and reflection in individuals with different severities of depression and normal people. Participants included 129 individuals (67 female, 62 male) with mild, moderate, severe or no symptoms of depression that were selected from clients of psychiatric hospitals or mental health center of Shiraz. Depressed subjects were selected based on a clinical interview and scores of Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). Then they were assigned in mild, moderate and severe groups. Normal subjects were selected from people who had no mental disorder based on a clinical interview and scores of BDI-II. All participants completed the revised version of Rumination-Reflection Inventory (Fleckhammer, 2004), which is consisted of private and public subscales. Results showed that rumination increases as depression becomes more severe, but reflection is just lower in severe depression. Reflection in individuals with mild or moderate depression is not significantly different from normal subjects. Also, men and women were not different in rumination and reflection scores. These findings indicate that interactive effects of rumination and reflection vary in different severities of depression and in patients with severe depression; maladaptive effect of rumination can spoil adaptive effects of reflection. [Khorsandi R, Hadianfard H. Interactive effects of self-rumination and self-reflection on severity of depression. Am Sci 2021;17(6):77-85]. ISSN 15451003 (print); ISSN 23757264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience. org 9. doi:10.7537/marsjas190621.09.
Spatial Process Estimates as Smoothers: A Review

where Yi is the observed response at the ith combination of design variables (or ith location), xi ∈ R, and f is the function of interest. The random components, { i}, usually associated with the measurement errors, are assumed to be uncorrelated, zero mean random variables with variances, {σ/Wi}. let us define, W = diag(W1, · · · ,Wn). One parsimonious strategy for representing f is as the sum of a low order polynomial and a smooth function,
IDENTYFYING DGA BASED MALWARE USING DEEP NEURAL NETWORK AND MACHINE LEARNING MODEL

: As the rapid growth of computer technology, the spread of cyber-attacks increasing. DGAs are Domain Generation Algorithm that uses malware for making command and control connection. DGAS are programs to generate different domain names in different ways. Many traditional methods have limitations. In this paper, we propose a DNN and Machine learning framework for identifying DGA based malware. Initially we collect the dataset from the real traffic. Here the dataset are URLs. For detection of DGA from normal domain the classification is done using Deep Neural network. Next step is to identify the DGA domain by using the clustering technique. The k-means clustering is used for this. The feature generation is needed for both detection and identification processes. Using DNN we can easily classify DGA and normal domain and attain a 90% above accuracy and identify the DGA family using k-means clustering with 92% accuracy.
Clinico-etiological profile patients with urinary bladder carcinoma presenting to tertiary care centre: an observational study

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common urological malignancies. It is the fourth most common cancer in men and eighth most common malignancy in women of the western world. As per the Indian cancer registry, BC constitutes the ninth most common malignancy and accounts for an overall 3.9% of all cancer cases. Aim: to determine the etiological of urinary bladder carcinoma patients. Material and methods: This Prospective observational study was done in the Department of Surgery, Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College and Hospital, Gaya, Bihar for 24 months. 200 patients with a diagnosis of bladder cancer were included in the study. Clinical details including history of hematuria, smoking, daily fluid intake, dietary history, symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI), loss of weight/appetite, past medical history and blood tests including hemogram, renal function tests, liver function tests, imaging like ultrasonography of kidney, ureter, urinary bladder (USG KUB), Cystoscopy and guided biopsy, contrast enhanced computed tomography of kidney, ureter, urinary bladder (CECT KUB) (if needed) and chest X-ray (CXR) was done in all the patients as per the standard protocol in the department of surgery. Results: The mean age of presentation of carcinoma urinary bladder was 54.26 years. The male to female ratio was 4:1. The mean age of presentation of carcinoma urinary bladder was 54.26 years (29-84 years) with the maximum number of patients being in the age group of 60-70 years followed by below 40 years. 90% of the patients of carcinoma urinary bladder in our study were non-smokers. History of UTI was present in only 25.5% of the patients of carcinoma urinary bladder. Maximum number of patients of carcinoma urinary bladder belonged to A+ blood group followed by B+ and the least number of patients belonged to Oblood group. The maximum number of patients of carcinoma urinary bladder was labourers by occupation followed by farmers and housewife in females’ subset. As shown in the table the maximum number of patients of carcinoma urinary bladder was Hindus followed by Muslim. Conclusion: the majority of the patients turned out to be non-smokers and A +ve blood group in contrast to the strong predilection of smoking and bladder cancer.
A Novel Balancing Method for Rotor Using Unsupervised Deep Learning

A novel balancing method for rotor based on unsupervised deep learning is proposed in this paper. The architecture of the proposed deep network is described. In the proposed network, compared to the supervised deep network, additional convolution layers are applied not only for the learning of the inverse mapping but also for identifying the unbalanced force without labeled data. The equivalent value and position of imbalances in two correction planes are obtained. A case study of a rotor with two discs supported by sliding bearings is conducted. Preset imbalances are balanced well by the proposed method. And, using the state values at different time intervals, no extra weight trails are needed. The results show that the proposed balancing method gives consideration to both cost and accuracy.
Prioritization of Features for Mobile Apps for Families in a Federal Nutrition Program for Low-Income Women, Infants, and Children: User-Centered Design Approach

Background The Special Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is a federal nutrition program that provides nutritious food, education, and health care referrals to low-income women, infants, and children up to the age of 5 years. Although WIC is associated with positive health outcomes for each participant category, modernization and efficiency are needed at the clinic and shopping levels to increase program satisfaction and participation rates. New technologies, such as electronic benefits transfer (EBT), online nutrition education, and mobile apps, can provide opportunities to improve the WIC experience for participants. Objective This formative study applies user-centered design principles to inform the layout and prioritization of features in mobile apps for low-income families participating in the WIC program. Methods To identify and prioritize desirable app features, caregivers (N=22) of the children enrolled in WIC participated in individual semistructured interviews with a card sorting activity. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using constant comparative analysis for themes. App features were ranked and placed into natural groupings by each participant. The sum and average of the rankings were calculated to understand which features were prioritized by the users. Natural groupings of features were labeled according to participant descriptions. Results Natural groupings focused on the following categories: clinics/appointments, shopping/stores, education/assessments, location, and recipes/food. Themes from the interviews triangulated the results from the ranking activity. The priority app features were balance checking, an item scanner, and appointment scheduling. Other app features discussed and ranked included appointment reminders, nutrition training and quizzes, shopping lists, clinic and store locators, recipe gallery, produce calculator, and dietary preferences/allergies. Conclusions This study demonstrates how a user-centered design process can aid the development of an app for low-income families participating in WIC to inform the effective design of the app features and user interface.