Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preface

It is now widely recognised that diet is an important determinant of human health, with an appropriate dietary supply of the macronutrients, protein, carbohydrate and fat obviously being essential. There is also growing awareness of the need for an adequate intake of fruit and vegetables, as has been demonstrated by many epidemiological studies. The beneficial effects of these foodstuffs is thought to reflect their importance as sources of micronutrients and this has led to an upsurge in interest in the metabolism and biological functions of trace elements and vitamins. With the exception of iron deficiency, which has long been recognised as a major cause of anaemia world-wide, most cases of severe trace element deficiency were once thought to occur mainly in the developing world. For example, iodine deficiency disorders, leading to cretinism and goitre, are endemic throughout Asia and Africa and Keshan disease, a fatal cardiac myopathy disease occurring in some parts of China, has been shown to result from selenium deficiency. Isolated cases of trace element disorders can also result from various inborn errors of metabolism; these include haemochromatosis, Acrodermatitis enterohepatica, Menkes disease and Wilson's disease. However, it is now apparent that marginal deficiencies of zinc, selenium, copper and other trace elements are more common in the general population in the Western World than was once believed. These can result in poor growth, increased incidence of infections, impaired immune response, bone disorders, disturbances in thyroid hormone metabolism and may increase susceptibility to cancers and heart disease. There has, therefore, been a considerable increase in research designed to elucidate the diverse biological functions of trace elements, including the control of gene expression, with a view to developing better measures of trace element status and requirement. A similar situation occurs with the other class of micronutrients, the vitamins. The classical signs of vitamin C deficiency, scurvy, are now regarded as a relic of the past and of limited relevance in present-day Western populations. Estimates of dietary vitamin C requirement have been based on those required to prevent scurvy and consequently intakes by most of the population have exceeded these by far. However, it is now apparent that vitamin C, and also vitamin E and [5-carotene, have more subtle roles and that deficient dietary intake of these vitamins increases susceptibility to certain cancers and cardiovascular disease. This reflects, in part, the antioxidant properties of the vitamins and their ability to reduce free radical-mediated damage to DNA, proteins and lipid membranes. Similarly, interest in folic acid has escalated in recent years.
Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis

ABSTRACT PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article provides an overview of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle risk factors affecting the disease course of multiple sclerosis (MS) and reviews the pathophysiologic characteristics of both relapsing and progressive MS. RECENT FINDINGS The prevalence of MS has increased in recent decades, and costs of care for patients with MS have risen dramatically. Black, Asian, and Hispanic individuals may be at risk for more severe MS-related disability. Multiple genetic MS risk factors have been identified. Factors such as low vitamin D levels and a history of Epstein-Barr virus, smoking, and obesity, especially during childhood, also influence MS risk. Traditionally thought to be a T-cell–mediated disease, recent research has highlighted the additional roles of B cells and microglia in both relapsing and progressive MS. SUMMARY Complex interactions between genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors affect the risk for MS as well as the disease course. People of color have historically been underrepresented in both MS clinical trials and literature, but current research is attempting to better clarify unique considerations in these groups. MS pathology consists of the focal inflammatory lesions that have been well characterized in relapsing MS, as well as a more widespread neurodegenerative component that is posited to drive progressive disease. Recent advances in characterization of both the inflammatory and neurodegenerative aspects of MS pathophysiology have yielded potential targets for future therapeutic options.
CPW-FED BODY WORN MONOPOLE ANTENNA ON MAGNETO-DIELECTRIC SUBSTRATE IN C-BAND

Body worn antennas generally face the problem of isolation when operated in close proximity to human body. Use of magneto-dielectric material as substrate for antenna makes the system compact and reduces the influence of body on performance of antenna. In addition, miniaturization of antenna size also takes place. 7 wt. % of nano-sized Ni0.5Zn0. 5Fe2O4 is dispersed as magnetic filler in flexible linear low density polyethylene matrix. Beyond 7 wt. %, the sample stiffens and loses flexibility because of percolation limit of the polymer. Verification of the composite as a potential substrate for a body worn antenna is carried out by fabricating a coplanar waveguide fed simple rectangular monopole antenna, using transmission line model at 6 GHz. Antenna performance is studied by wearing the patch on human wrist. S11 of −21.78 dB at 5.32 GHz and −10 dB bandwidth of 49.62% is observed. For comparison, an antenna at the same resonant frequency is developed on linear low density polyethylene with magnetic inclusions. The antenna on magneto-dielectric substrate shows better performance than dielectric substrate. The magnetic and dielectric properties of the Nickel Zinc Ferrite-linear low density polyethylene composite magneto-dielectric substrate reduces the influence of the human body which makes the antenna system compact and robust as additional techniques are not required for shielding of human body influence on antenna performance.
2152–69: The First Image from the Australia Telescope

Abstract Although only three antennas of the Australia Telescope Compact Array are currently operational, we have made use of the technique of bandwidth synthesis to make an image of the radio galaxy 2152 – 69. The three baselines were used to observe the source at three different frequencies, effectively resulting in nine baselines, which have been used to produce an image with a surprisingly high dynamic range, and with a slightly higher resolution than any existing image. The production of such a worthwhile result, despite being made with a small subset of the capabilities of the Australia Telescope, bodes well for the future operation of the instrument.
Fractional Bayes factors for model comparison

Bayesian comparison of models is achieved simply by calculation of posterior probabilities of the models themselves. However, there are difficulties with this approach when prior information about the parameters of the various models is weak. Partial Bayes factors offer a resoIution of the problem by setting aside part of the data as a training sampIe. The training sampIe is used to obtain an initiaI informative posterior distribution of the parameters in each model. Model comparison is then based on a Bayes factor calculated from the remaining data. Properties of partial Bayes factors are discussed, particularly in the context of weak prior information, and they are found to have advantages over other proposed methods of model comparison. A new variant of the partial Bayes factor, the fractional Bayes factor, is advocated on grounds of consistency, simplicity, robustness and coherence
Rigid Body Attitude Control

Geometric numerical integration schemes have been studied for rigid body attitude control problems. We consider symplectic integrators and present a Lie group varia- tional integrator and a discrete gradient method. The two methods preserve some of the geometric properties of rigid body dynamics, such as symplecticity, conservation of first integrals and the Lie group structure of the rotation matrices. We present some numerical experiments for an uncontrolled 3D pendulum where we investigate the geometric properties of the two methods. The main part of this thesis concerns rigid body attitude control. We discuss the concept of passivity and present a feedback control that rotates the rigid body from an initial state to a desired state. Passivity is a property that can be related to en- ergy conservation, and the feedback system presented in this paper is input-output passive. This means that the feedback system does not generate energy. Through several numerical experiments, we investigate to which extent the Lie group varia- tional integrator and the discrete gradient method preserve the passivity condition. Our experiments indicate that the discrete gradient method preserves a discrete ver- sion of the passivity condition and for the Lie group variational integrator, the error in the preservation of passivity is small. We compare our results with a Lie group Runge-Kutta method and we observe that the method fails to preserve the discrete passivity condition for large step sizes. Lastly, we look at optimal attitude control. We present a time optimal attitude control problem for a rigid body where the objective is to minimize the maneuver time. The optimal control problem is formulated as a discrete-time optimization problem using a Lie group variational integrator. We present some numerical exper- iments to visualize the time optimal maneuver for a rigid body, where the control input is bounded.
Escape Factors for Line Emission and Population Calculations

ADAS214 calculates escape factors for spectral line emission along a given line-of-sight, ΘL, and for collisional radiative population calculations of excited levels in atoms and ions, Θp, on the basis of some simplifying approximations. A wide choice of spectral line profiles, spatial emission profiles and plasma geometry cases are available in the code. Doppler, Lorentz or Holtsmark profiles can be used, as well as convolutions and superpositions of different types and widths, in order to account for various line broadening mechanisms and particle groups with different temperatures. The spatial emission profiles of radiation are approximated by a polynomial fit and the code can be run for constant emission, a linear or a parabolic decrease from the plasma centre to the edge. The population escape factor can be calculated in the centre of a plasma sphere, in the mid-plane of a disk, or on the axis of a cylinder. The underlying definitions of the present escape factor analysis and the approximations in the solution of the equation of radiative transfer are explained in the background theory below. Normalised escape factors for ΘL, and Θp for the described cases are shown and the consequences of the different models are discussed. An example of the use of the code is also given, with emphasis on the choice of input parameters. In the past, the described program had already been applied to many other studies of opacity including the calculation of ionisation, recombination and radiation coefficients on the basis of the ADAS atomic data base. Much of the information in this section is taken directly from the report of Behringer [10] which describes the visual basic program that ADAS214 is based on.
Study On The Application Of Gallium Nitride Transistors In Power Electronics

Wide bandgap semiconductors have emerged as an attractive option for silicon (Si) replacement in the recent years. Among the new materials, gallium nitride (GaN) has been considered as the most promising candidate. This paper presents an overview of the GaN technology in power electronics. The review focuses on the main aspects of GaN transistors, such as electrical, thermal and economical characteristics. A comparison between Si and GaN switching devices in a family of synchronous buck converters designed for LED lighting applications is also presented. This comparison was performed using synchronous buck converters, designed under same parameters, at five different switching frequencies, ranging from 100 kHz to 1 MHz. Efficiency and temperatures were recorded. GaN based converters presented higher efficiency and lower operating temperatures in all cases, with a maximum efficiency of 96.8% and a minimum of 94.5%. Besides, Si-based converters exhibited a higher performance degradation as switching frequency and dead time increase.
Interstellar neutral hydrogen at high velocities

For almost three decades neutral hydrogen moving at velocities unexplicable by galactic rotation has been observed. These so-called high-velocity clouds (IIVCs) have been invoked as evidence for infall of neutral gas to the galaxy, as manifestations of a galactic fountain, as energy source for the formation of supershells, etc. No general consensus about their origin has presently been reached. However, it is becoming clear that no single model will suffice to explain all HVCs. A better understanding is mainly hampered by the fact that the distance to individual clouds remains unknown. An overview of the current status of the distance problem is given in Chapter 12. Zie: Summary and conclusions
Effects of Aspirin on Odontogenesis of Human Dental Pulp Cells and TGF-β1 Liberation from Dentin In Vitro

Aim This in vitro study aimed to investigate the roles of aspirin (ASA) and its concentrations on the odontogenesis of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) and to investigate the influence of ASA on TGF-β1 liberation from dentin. Methodology. HDPCs were cultured in a culture medium with 25, 50, 75, 100, and 200 μ·g/mL ASA and 0 μ·g/mL ASA as a control. The mitochondrial activity of HDPCs was assessed using an MTT assay. Crystal violet staining and triton were used to evaluate cell proliferation rates. ALP activity was measured with a fluorometric assay. Expressions of DSP and RUNX2 were determined with the ELISA. DSP and RUNX2 mRNA levels were measured with RT-qPCR. Alizarin red staining was conducted to evaluate the mineralized nodule formation. Dentin slices were submerged in PBS (negative control), 17% EDTA (positive control), and ASA before collecting the solution for TGF-β1 quantification by the ELISA. The data were analyzed by the t-tests and ANOVA, followed by the Tukey post hoc tests. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The results showed that 25–50 μ·g/mL ASA promoted mitochondrial activity of HDPCs at 72 h (P < 0.05) and yielded significantly higher proliferation rates of HDPCs than the control at 14d and 21d (P < 0.001). All concentrations of ASA promoted odontogenic differentiation of HDPCs by enhancing the levels of DSP and RUNX2, their mRNA expression, and mineralization in a dose-dependent manner. Also, ASA yielded significantly higher TGF-β1 liberation after conditioning dentin for 5 min (25, 200 μ·g/mL; P < 0.001) and 10 min (200 μ·g/mL; P < 0.05). Conclusions This in vitro study demonstrated that ASA, especially in high concentrations, promoted the odontogenesis of HDPCs and TGF-β1 liberation from dentin, showing the potential of being incorporated into the novel pulp capping materials for dental tissue regeneration.
New Insights into Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Coronary Artery Disease: The Liver-Heart Axis

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the hepatic expression of the metabolic syndrome and is the most prevalent liver disease. NAFLD is associated with liver-related and extrahepatic morbi-mortality. Among extrahepatic complications, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of mortality in patients with NAFLD. The most frequent clinical expression of CVD is the coronary artery disease (CAD). Epidemiological data support a link between CAD and NAFLD, underlain by pathogenic factors, such as the exacerbation of insulin resistance, genetic phenotype, oxidative stress, atherogenic dyslipidemia, pro-inflammatory mediators, and gut microbiota. A thorough assessment of cardiovascular risk and identification of all forms of CVD, especially CAD, are needed in all patients with NAFLD regardless of their metabolic status. Therefore, this narrative review aims to examine the available data on CAD seen in patients with NAFLD, to outline the main directions undertaken by the CVD risk assessment and the multiple putative underlying mechanisms implicated in the relationship between CAD and NAFLD, and to raise awareness about this underestimated association between two major, frequent and severe diseases.
Effects of Pueraria lobata leaf powder as a feed additive on the immune system and growth performance of broiler chickens

Recommended Citation GONG, JIANPING; WU, DONG; LI, MENGCHU; QIU, XIAOYU; JIANG, YING; ZHANG, JIE; and HUANG, WENPING (2022) "Effects of Pueraria lobata leaf powder as a feed additive on the immune system and growth performance of broiler chickens," Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences: Vol. 46: No. 4, Article 14. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0128.4238 Available at: https://journals.tubitak. gov.tr/veterinary/vol46/iss4/14
PARSING STRUKTUR PARAGRAF BERBASIS NEURAL NETWORK

Paragraph parsing has an important role in the development of artificial intelligence. Parsing is the first step to reasoning paragraphs so that they can be understood by machines. The effectiveness of the paragraph position parsing method on how to decompose text into text segments. The segmentation process without taking into account the semantic structure of a paragraph will result in a structure that is not in sync with the actual meaning. To overcome this problem, this study proposes recursive neural network (RvNN) based method. This method tries to get the best binary tree that represents paragraph structure. The proposed method is applied to complete simple paragraphs about children's stories. The test results show that the proposed method can parse paragraphs with an accuracy rate of 0.9. The proposed method is also more efficient because there is no need to build the repository of paragraph structure.
Anomalous Radial Anisotropy and Its Implications for Upper Mantle Dynamics Beneath South China From Multimode Surface Wave Tomography

The strength of radial anisotropy can effectively reveal vertical or horizontal material flow, which may provide significant dynamic implications. The South China Block (SCB) is a classic laboratory to study strong deformation under compression from the surroundings. We construct a radially anisotropic 3‐D shear‐wave model of the entire SCB using multimode surface wave tomography with a lateral resolution of 2.0°. Distinctive structural contrasts are revealed in the S‐wave velocity anomalies in the Cathaysia Block and the Yangtze Craton. In the Cathaysia Block, a low‐velocity anomaly becomes evident with increasing depth, particularly in the VSH model. The Yangtze Craton is, however, characterized by a high‐velocity anomaly, especially in the Sichuan Basin, where the high‐velocity feature can extend down to a depth of 300 km. Interestingly, an abrupt change in radial anisotropy is observed beneath the Sichuan Basin, with positive radial anisotropy (faster VSH) in the uppermost mantle and negative radial anisotropy (faster VSV) at depths from 80 to 250 km. The lower negative anisotropic layer may reflect the directional arrangement of constituent materials caused by eastward compression and erosion of mantle flow under the Tibetan Plateau. In addition, remarkable negative radial anisotropy is found in the asthenosphere beneath Hainan Island and its surroundings. The features beneath Hainan Island and its surroundings may be related to the Hainan mantle plume in the Cenozoic.
Prevalence of Risk Factors for Diphtheria: CLTS and DPT-HB-HIB3 Immunization Coverage in East Java (Periode 2018-2020)

Introduction: Diphtheria is an acute disease that is transmitted through air, saliva, and direct contact with patients. In the Community Lead Total Sanitation (CLTS) targets, air quality in the house is an indicator leading to diphtheria incidence as its bacteria can spread through the air. Efforts can be made to overcome diphtheria by providing DPT-HB-HiB3 immunization to increase body immunity and enforcing the CLTS program to improve air quality. Meanwhile, East Java experienced a decrease in CLTS and DPT-HB-HiB3 coverage in 2020. This study aimed to map the distribution of the disease and describe the correlation between diphtheria and its factors. Methods: This study evaluated diphtheria incidence in 38 regencies/cities in East Java. It used the Spearman correlation test to analyze secondary data from the Health Profile of East Java in 2018-2020. Data processing was done using Health Mapper and SPSS. Results and Discussion: No correlation was found between CLTS coverage and the incidence of diphtheria in 2018 (p = 0.207; OR = 0.201) while there was a correlation between DPT-HB-HiB3 immunization coverage and the incidence of diphtheria in 2018 (p = 0.006 ; OR = 0.441). Conclusion: CLTS coverage was not associated with the incidence of diphtheria in the province rather DPT-HB-HiB3 immunization coverage was. Education for public about the importance of DPT-HB-HiB3 immunization is required and maintaining a clean environment to prevent transmission of diphtheria.
Post-traumatic stress symptoms in parents of adolescents hospitalized with Anorexia nervosa

ABSTRACT The current study was a planned secondary analysis to examine post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in parents of youth hospitalized for medical stabilization due to anorexia nervosa (AN). Questionnaires were administered to 47 parents (34 mothers, 13 fathers; 10 parental dyads) after admission; follow-up occurred at discharge and 4 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-discharge. PTSS were present in the majority of mothers (55.9%) and fathers (61.5%). PTSS were not associated with illness severity, but were associated with parental report of mood symptoms, avoidance, inflexibility, and symptom accommodation. Parental PTSS may negatively impact the adolescent rate of weight gain post-discharge. As hospitalization of a child for medical management of AN can be a traumatizing experience for parents, astute attention should be paid by medical staff to their needs. More work needs to be done to understand the impact of PTSS on parents of adolescents with AN.
Aperture construction for a mobile camera

The invention relates in general to the field of digital cameras, especially small digital cameras. In particularly the invention relates for adjusting an aperture for mobile cameras. The adjustable aperture construction of the invention comprises two electrodes, and an electrical circuit for applying a voltage to the electrodes in order to create an electric field between the electrodes. In addition the construction comprises between the electrodes a center unit with a hole in the middle of it, the center unit being made of an electroactive material, such as dielectric material or electrostrictive polymer. The aperture can be adjusted by deforming the shape of the center unit. The shape of the center unit is advantageously deformed by the electric field created between said electrodes by said electrical circuit.
Applied Statistics in Toxicology and Pharmacology

The standard deviation and standard error how to deal with outlier normal value the box-and-whisker plot the null hypothesis why is the significant level 5per cent? which should be used - less than 5per cent or 5per cent or less for p value? the t-test which should be used - a two-sided (2a) or one-side (a) test? the type I error (error of the first kind) Dunnett's test the multiple comparison (range) test Scheffe's multiple comparison test can be used to compare two groups the differences in power between the t-test and Dunnett's test the multiple comparison (range) test Scheffe's multiple comparison test has a very low power a sifnificant difference is observed by Dunnett's multiple comparison test even when a significant difference is not observed by analysis of variance the rate of detection of a significance different in a low-dose group by Dunnett's multiple comparison test. (Part contents).