Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mapping burned areas and land-uses in Kangaroo Island using an object-based image classification framework and Landsat 8 Imagery from Google Earth Engine

Abstract In Australia, fire has become part of the natural ecosystem. Severe fires have devastated Australia's unique forest ecosystems due to the global climate change. In this study, we integrated a multi-resolution segmentation method and a hierarchical classification framework based on expert-based knowledge to classify the burned areas and land-uses in Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Using an object-based image classification framework that combines colour and shape features from input layers, we demonstrated that the objects segmented from the multi-source data lead to a higher accuracy in classification with an overall accuracy of 90.2% and a kappa coefficient of 85.2%. On the other hand, the single source data from post-fire Landsat-8 imagery showed an overall accuracy of 87.4% which is also statistically acceptable. According to our experiment results, more than 30.44% of the study area was burned during the 2019–2020 ‘Black-Summer’ fire season in Australia. Among the burned areas, high severity accounted for 12.14%, moderate severity for 11.48%, while low severity was 6.82%. For unburned areas, farmland accounted for 45.52% of the study area, of which about one-third was affected by the disturbances other than fire. The remaining area consists of 19.42% unaffected forest, 3.48% building and bare land, and 1.14% water. The comparison analysis shows that our object-based image classification framework takes full advantage of the multi-source data and generates the edges of burned areas more clearly, which contributes to the improved fire management and control.
Analytic Combinatorics in Several Variables

This book is the first to treat the analytic aspects of combinatorial enumeration from a multivariate perspective. Analytic combinatorics is a branch of enumeration that uses analytic techniques to estimate combinatorial quantities: generating functions are defined and their coefficients are then estimated via complex contour integrals. The multivariate case involves techniques well known in other areas of mathematics but not in combinatorics. Aimed at graduate students and researchers in enumerative combinatorics, the book contains all the necessary background, including a review of the uses of generating functions in combinatorial enumeration as well as chapters devoted to saddle point analysis, Groebner bases, Laurent series and amoebas, and a smattering of differential and algebraic topology. All software along with other ancillary material can be located via the book Web site, http://www.cs. auckland.ac. nz/~mcw/Research/mvGF/asymultseq/ACSVbook/.
Black Holes as the Source of All Matter and Radiation in the Universe

Abstract An in-depth study of general relativity has led to the development of a theory, CBU for the continuously breeding universe, in which the universe emerges from a quantum fluctuation and continues to expand due to the inflow of new matter, foremostly electrons and positrons. According to a novel model for black holes, a continuous inflow of matter prevents the black holes from becoming singularities, the contraction pressure is counteracted by the expansion pressure. The study shows that the gravitational energy gap between the event horizon and the inner photon sphere of a black hole is the source of incoming real matter from a QED vacuum foam of virtual particles. The calculated CBU results are in good agreement with current observations.
A Machine Learning-Aware Data Re-partitioning Framework for Spatial Datasets

Spatial datasets are used extensively to train machine learning (ML) models for applications such as spatial regression, classification, clustering, and deep learning. Most of the real-world spatial datasets are often too large, and many spatial ML algorithms represent the geographical region as a grid consisting of several spatial cells. If the granularity of the grid is too fine, that results in a large number of grid cells leading to long training time and high memory consumption issues during the model training. To alleviate this problem, we propose a machine learning-aware spatial data re-partitioning framework that substantially reduces the granularity of the spatial grid. Our spatial data re-partitioning approach combines fine-grained, adjacent spatial cells from a grid into coarser cells prior to training an ML model. During this re-partitioning phase, we keep the information loss within a user-defined threshold without significantly degrading the accuracy of the ML model. According to the empirical evaluation performed on several real-world datasets, the best results achieved by our spatial re-partitioning framework show that we can reduce the data volume and training time by up to 81%, while keeping the difference in prediction or classification error below 5% as compared to a model that is trained on the original input dataset, for most of the ML applications. Our re-partitioned framework also outperforms the state-of-the-art data reduction baselines by 2% to 20% w.r. t. prediction and classification errors.
Incidence rate, basic characteristics, and survival outcomes of bladder squamous cell carcinoma

To explore the incidence rate (IR), clinicopathological characteristics, and prognostic factors of bladder squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) based on surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database. We extracted the IRs of BSCC from 1975 to 2016 in the SEER database, and plotted the trending curves. Then, the clinicopathological characteristics of BSCC patients diagnosed from 2010 to 2015 were selected and compared with those of patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC) in the same period. Furthermore, differences in overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) of BSCC and UC patients were compared. Finally, COX regression models were constructed to explore the risk factors affecting OS and CSS in BSCC patients. The IR of BSCC showed a downward trend from 1975 to 2000 and stabilized at about 0.3/100 000 after 2000. BSCC patients had a later stage at diagnosis and worse prognosis when compared with those with UC. Older age, higher TNM stage, no surgical treatment, and unmarried status were significantly related to worse prognosis of BSCC patients. This study explored the IR trends, clinicopathological characteristics, and prognostic factors of BSCC. In the future, prospective, large sample, and well‐designed clinical studies are needed to verify our results.
Stability Analysis of Fractional SIR Model Related to Delay in State and Control Variables

The study of a nonlinear mathematical fractional SIR (Susceptible - Infected - Recovered) epidemiological model related to the delay in state and control variables in terms of time is the focus of this paper. The existence of a bounded solution for the fractional SIR epidemic model has been demonstrated, and it is unique. A new set of infection-free equilibrium points has been discovered, and their local stability has been investigated. In addition, using the next-generation matrix method, the basic reproductive number Ro was calculated
PARAMETRIZED EVENT ANALYSIS FROM SOCIAL NETWORKS

The growth of data in social networks facilitate demand for data analysis. The field of event detection is of increasing interest to researchers. Events from real life are actively discussed in the virtual space. Event detection results can be used in a variety of applications, from digital marketing to collecting data about natural disasters. Thereby, researchers face the emergence of new algorithms along with the improvement of existing solutions in the event detection field. This paper proposes improvements to the SEDTWik (Segment-based Event Detection from Tweets using Wikipedia) algorithm. The SEDTWik algorithm is designed to detect events without contextual guidance. The overall SEDTWik detection process excludes the perspective of a topic, or multi-topic, guided (or semi-supervised) event detection approach. As a result, some interesting narrowly focused events are not detected as they are weakly relevant in a broader context (e.g., Wikipedia) although acquiring relevance within a conditioned context. Therefore, there is a need for an adaptive perspective where data is to be analysed against a set of narrower topics of interest. This paper shows that SEDTWik gains expressive power after being extended with multi-topic semi-supervision. The evaluation of the current proposal uses the well-known corpora with labeled events, Events2012. In the Events2012 dataset used notation category for events, meaning that events are combined by a certain topic. SEDTWik with topic dictionaries was checked across all categories. In the main part of the article, it is also explained the process of topic dictionary construction from Events2012 labeled tweets. At this stage of the research, in all tasks unigrams were used. SEDTWik with dictionaries showed improved accuracy, and more events were found within a certain category.
An anisotropic constitutive model for fiber reinforced salt-sensitive hydrogels

Abstract In this work, an anisotropic constitutive model for equilibrium swelling of cellulose-reinforced salt-sensitive hydrogels is proposed and its capability is verified using the experimental data. This model is able to predict the swelling behavior of salt-sensitive hydrogels reinforced with fibers in different types of orientation such as perfectly aligned, uniform in-plane, and uniform volumetric. The model is implemented numerically in the finite element method framework. Several related parameters i.e., swelling ratio, principal stretches, true concentration of counter-ion and co-ion, and salt concentration are investigated both analytically and through finite element method (FEM). Good agreement between the analytical and numerical results indicates that the model can be used for simulating more complex structures including multi-layer strips and sheets. The results show that adding cellulose fibers to the hydrogel’s medium leads to a significant enhancement in the strength of the material while preserving the inherent flexibility of the hydrogel.
Pruning in Perturbation DSGE Models - Guidance from Nonlinear Moving Average Approximations

We derive recursive representations of nonlinear moving average (NLMA) perturbations of DSGE models. As the stability of higher order NLMA representations follows directly from stability at first order, these recursive representations provide rigorous support for the practice of pruning that is becoming widespread. Our recursive representation differs from pruned perturbations in that it centers the approximation and its coefficients at the approximation of the stochastic steady state consistent with the order of approximation. We compare our algorithm with six different pruning algorithms at second and third order, documenting the differences between these six algorithms and standard (non pruned) state space perturbations at first, second, and third order in a unified notation compatible with the popular software package Dynare. While our third order algorithm is the most accurate, the gains over two alternate algorithms are modest, suggesting that this choice is unlikely to be a potential source of error.
Internal Flow: Concepts and Applications

Preface Acknowledgements Conventions and nomenclature 1. Equations of motion 2. Some useful basic ideas 3. Vorticity and circulation 4. Boundary layers and free shear layers 5. Loss sources and loss accounting 6. Unsteady flow 7. Flow in rotating passages 8. Swirling flow 9. Generation of streamwise vorticity and three-dimensional flow 10. Compressible internal flow 11. Flow with heat addition 12. Non-uniform flow in fluid components References Supplementary references appearing in figures Index.
RASPBERRY PI BASED WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM

In today's time the main thing is the weather, so in today's time the weather is changing the drastically so, and we want to know the weather at our finger tips, when we go the outside and want to check the weather because when we go somewhere we want to know about the things that things in our favour or not. So, to know the things about the outside surroundings things that very important for us this thing is basically on those stuffs.
New Aspects on the Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity: Currently Available Therapies and Emerging Novel Therapeutics

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a rare proliferative ocular disorder in preterm infants. Because of the advancements in neonatal care, the incidence of ROP has increased gradually. Now, ROP is one of the leading causes of blindness in children. Preterm infants with immature retinal development are exposed to supplemental oxygen inside an incubator until their cardiopulmonary system is adequately developed. Once they are returned to room air, the relatively low oxygen level stimulates various angiogenesis factors initiating retinal neovascularization. If patients with ROP are not offered adequate and timely treatment, they can experience vision loss that may ultimately lead to permanent blindness. Although laser therapy and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents are widely used to treat ROP, they have limitations. Thus, it is important to identify novel therapeutics with minimal adverse effects for the treatment of ROP. To date, various pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies have been assessed as treatments for ROP. In this review, the major molecular factors involved in the pathogenesis of ROP, currently offered therapies, therapies under investigation, and emerging novel therapeutics of ROP are discussed.
Using RNAi in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases - therapeutics based on siRNA overview

RNA interference (RNAi) discovered in the 1990s by Fire and Mello plays a role in silencing gene function. One type of RNAi is siRNA, which is a double-stranded molecule of 20-25 base pairs. This molecule is made by cleaving double-stranded RNA by the enzyme Dicer. siRNA binds to the protein complex with ribonuclease activity - RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex). The resulting complex binds to the mRNA and cuts it into parts, which blocks the formation of the protein encoded by the mRNA. This property has been exploited in the production of siRNA-based drugs. However, the instability of siRNA molecules turned out to be difficult - the challenge was to properly modify the structure of siRNA in order to increase the stability and half-life and select the appropriate method of delivering the molecule to the body. Many siRNA-based drugs have already been developed, but most are in clinical trials. In this review, we present the role of RNA interference in therapeutics production and use of siRNA in cardiovascular diseases treatment.
Construction of Agricultural Products of e-Commerce Ecological Network System under the Background of “Internet Plus”

The rapid development of Internet technology promotes the ecological renewal of traditional industries. China’s 14th Five-Year Plan clearly proposes to vigorously develop the Internet industry. Farmers are still the mainstay of China’s population, and “agriculture, rural areas, and farmers” have always been highly valued by the party and the state. However, the rural economy has always been a weak link in China’s economy, and agricultural products often have problems such as increasing production but not increasing income, relying on the weather, and having difficulties in sales. The root causes are the slow development of rural areas, farmers’ economic awareness and lack of economic information. The Internet has broken this existing situation with the idea of flat network, breaking through the restrictions of traditional agricultural products trading channels, enabling farmers to directly connect with the market, and effectively improving trading profits. Firstly, this paper points out the influence of the Internet on the global economy and industry and further summarizes the development of e-commerce. Then, the advantages and characteristics of e-commerce are explained, and the theoretical basis and present situation of e-commerce development of agricultural products in China are expounded. Finally, the paper puts forward the imagination of China’s e-commerce system of agricultural products, focuses on accelerating the standardization and systematization of agricultural products, and puts forward some suggestions and measures for the ecological evolution guarantee of agricultural products e-commerce. This paper is a research on the integration of agricultural products and ecological construction of e-commerce under the background of “internet plus. ” It is aimed at offering suggestions and suggestions for promoting agricultural product sales and rural development and promoting rural economic development, which is of great help to China’s poverty alleviation cause and an effective way to achieve common prosperity.
Clinical implications of liquid biopsies in urogenital tumors: a narrative review

Background and Objective: Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive method for cancer management, with diagnostic, prognostic and predictive applications, which can overcome some of the limitations of tissue biopsy. The aim of this review is to present the available literature on the clinical implications of liquid biopsy use in urogenital tumors, specifically in prostate cancers (PCs) and bladder cancers (BCs). Methods: We searched PubMed and MEDLINE up to November 2, 2021 with no language restrictions. Key Content and Findings: The use of liquid biopsy in localized or metastatic hormone sensitive PC (mHSPC) is limited, given the low yield of detection. In contrast, the utility of liquid biopsy in metastatic castrate resistant PC (mCRPC) is more widely studied, with biomarkers such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and androgen receptor (AR) splice variant 7 (AR-V7) playing prognostic and predictive roles, and homologous recombination repair genes guiding therapy. Standardization of these assays and validation of their benefits in guiding clinical decisions are still needed. Liquid biopsy is approved for the diagnosis and monitoring of BC, but additional evidence is required on its therapeutic role, in patient selection for adjuvant and targeted therapy. Conclusions: Liquid biopsy technics have a promising role in guiding the diagnosis, prognosis and management of prostate and bladder tumors, as compared to traditional tissue biopsy. However, they still need to be standardized and validated in larger prospective trials.
Teknologi Komunikasi Baru Dan Industri Event: Dampak Dan Tantangan (Studi Kasus Sanur Village Festival Bali, Indonesia)

Promosi menggunakan media massa konvensional seperti televisi, surat kabar cetak dan radio untuk berkomunikasi dengan publik tetapi sekarang kehadiran media baru menyebabkan perubahan besar dalam perilaku promosi organisasi. Sebuah organisasi mulai menggunakan teknologi komunikasi baru untuk meningkatkan kinerja promosi. Makalah ini menjelaskan dampak penggunaan teknologi komunikasi baru terhadap industri event dalam kasus Sanur Village Festival. Sanur Village Festival (SVF) adalah acara komunitas yang didirikan oleh Sanur Development Foundation (YPS) sejak tahun 2006, yang merupakan gabungan dari beberapa kegiatan berskala besar yang melibatkan festival makanan, pameran ekonomi kreatif, berbagai kontes dan kompetisi, atraksi seni dan budaya, musik serta berbagai jenis kegiatan ramah lingkungan. Acara ini dibuat untuk re-brand Sanur sebagai salah satu tujuan wisata tertua di Bali dan meningkatkan kunjungan wisatawan sejak tahun 2005 setelah Bom Bali I dan II. Tulisan ini juga menjelaskan
Evidence of Greater Competitive Fitness of Erwinia amylovora over E. pyrifoliae in Korean Isolates

Erwinia amylovora and E. pyrifoliae are the causative agents of destructive diseases in both apple and pear trees viz. fire blight and black shoot blight, respectively. Since the introduction of fire blight in Korea in 2015, the occurrence of both pathogens has been independently reported. The co-incidence of these diseases is highly probable given the co-existence of their pathogenic bacteria in the same trees or orchards in a city/district. Hence, this study evaluated whether both diseases occurred in neighboring orchards and whether they occurred together in a single orchard. The competition and virulence of the two pathogens was compared using growth rates in vitro and in planta. Importantly, E amylovora showed significantly higher colony numbers than E. pyrifoliae when they were co-cultured in liquid media and co-inoculated into immature apple fruits and seedlings. In a comparison of the usage of major carbon sources, which are abundant in immature apple fruits and seedlings, E. amylovora also showed better growth rates than E. pyrifoliae. In virulence assays, including motility and a hypersensitive response (HR), E. amylovora demonstrated a larger diameter of travel from the inoculation site than E. pyrifoliae in both swarming and swimming motilities. E. amylovora elicited a HR in tobacco leaves when diluted from 1:1 to 1:16 but E. pyrifoliae does not elicit a HR when diluted at 1:16. Therefore, E. amylovora was concluded to have a greater competitive fitness than E. pyrifoliae.
The dynamics of a barotropic current impinging on an ice front

The vertical front of ice shelves represents a topographic barrier for barotropic currents that transport a considerable amount of heat towards the ice shelves. The blocking effect of the ice front on barotropic currents has recently been observed to substantially reduce the heat transport into the cavity beneath the Getz Ice Shelf. We use an idealized numerical model to study the vorticity dynamics of an externally forced barotropic current at an ice front and the impact of ice shelf thickness, ice front steepness, and ocean stratification on the volume flux entering the cavity. Our simulations show that thicker ice shelves block a larger volume of the barotropic flow, in agreement with geostrophic theory. However, geostrophy breaks locally at the ice front, where relative vorticity and friction become essential for the flow to cross the discontinuity in water column thickness. The flow entering the cavity accelerates and induces high basal melt rates in the frontal region. Tilting the ice front, as undertaken in sigma-coordinate models, reduces this acceleration as the flow is more geostrophic. Viscous processes—typically exaggerated in low-resolution models—break the potential vorticity constraint and bring the flow deeper into the ice shelf cavity. The externally forced barotropic current can only enter the cavity if the stratification is weak, as strong vertical velocities are needed at the ice front to squeeze the water column beneath the ice shelf. If the stratification is strong, vertical velocities are suppressed and the barotropic flow is almost entirely blocked by the ice front.
CYBER SECURITY FOR DIGITAL MANUFACTURING

Digital production objectives to create rather customizable merchandise with higher nice and decrease costs with the aid of integrating Industrial Internet of Things, massive statistics analytics, cloud computing, and advanced robots into manufacturing vegetation. As manufacturing machines are more and more retrofitted with sensors as well as related through WIFI networks or stressed out Ethernet, digital manufacturing systems are getting more accessible than ever. While advancement in sensing, synthetic intelligence, and wireless technology permits a paradigm shift in production, cyber-assaults pose sizeable threats to the producing region. This paper provides a assessment of cybersecurity in digital production systems from system characterization, threat and vulnerability identification, manipulate, and hazard dedication components in addition to identifies demanding situations and future paintings.