Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Post-Processing Internal Models Design for MIMO Minimum-Phase Nonlinear Systems

The paper deals with the problem of output regulation for nonlinear systems in a multivariable and "non-equilibrium" context. A general framework based on a "post-processing" adaptive internal model, properly co-designed with the stabiliser, is presented in which the design of the adaptation mechanism is cast as an identification problem with the goal of minimising a properly defined prediction error. A general result is then obtained showing that if the internal model and the stabiliser fulfil certain properties then approximate regulation is achieved, with the asymptotic error that is related to the prediction error attainable by the adaptive internal model. In the second part of the paper more constructive design procedures are presented to deal with the class of minimum-phase multivariable systems. The vision that emerges from the paper is that approximate, rather than asymptotic, regulation is the more appropriate way of approaching the problem in a multivariable and uncertain context. This, in turn, opens new perspectives under which the design of robust internal model-based regulators can be approached.
In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of Antiproliferative Activity of New Isoxazolidine Derivatives Targeting EGFR: Design, Synthesis, Cell Cycle Analysis, and Apoptotic Inducers

A series of novel enantiopure isoxazolidine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activities against three human cancer cell lines such as human breast carcinoma (MCF-7), human lung adenocarcinoma (A-549), and human ovarian carcinoma (SKOV3) by employing MTT assay. The synthesized compounds were characterized by NMR and elemental analysis. Results revealed that all the synthesized compounds displayed significant inhibition towards the tested cell lines. Among them, 2g and 2f, which differ only by the presence of an ester group at the C-3 position and small EDG (methyl) at the C-5 position of the phenyl ring (2g), were the most active derivatives in attenuating the growth of the three cells in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 for 2g were 17.7 ± 1 µM (MCF-7), 12.1 ± 1.1 µM (A-549), and 13.9 ± 0.7 µM (SKOV3), and for 2f were 9.7 ± 1. 3µM (MCF-7), 9.7 ± 0.7µM (A-549), and 6.5 ± 0. 9µM (SKOV3), respectively, which were comparable to the standard drug, doxorubicin. The enzymatic inhibition of 2f and 2g against EGFR afforded good inhibitory activity with IC50 of 0.298 ± 0.007 μM and 0.484 ± 0.01 µM, respectively, close to the positive control, Afatinib. Compound 2f arrested the cell cycle in the S phase in MCF-7 and SKOV3 cells, and in the G2/M phase in the A549 cell; however, 2g induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and inhibited the progression of the three cancer cells, together with significant apoptotic effects. The docking study of compounds 2f and 2g into EGFR ATP-active site revealed that it fits nicely with good binding affinity. The pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness scores revealed notable lead-like properties. At 100 ns, the dynamic simulation investigation revealed high conformational stability in the EGFR binding cavity.
Post-disturbance trajectory prediction and transient stability assessment based on a physics-informed machine learning algorithm

Despite great progress in transient stability assessment (TSA) using machine learning-based approaches, one still cannot seamlessly relate data-driven TSA methods to the dynamics of post-disturbance systems. Uninterpretable black-box decisions neglecting the inherent physics information are typically unacceptable in the power industry. A physics-informed machine learning-based method is proposed to predict the post-disturbance trajectory, where the differential-algebraic equations governing physical characteristics are introduced to guide the training process. Then, a novel TSA framework is developed that combines the system stability results with the predicted post-disturbance trajectories, where the stability margins and the stability judgments can be provided simultaneously. Moreover, a physics-informed metrics is introduced to reflect the accuracy of TSA, which can be obtained immediately without performing time-domain simulation. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on the IEEE 39-bus system.
Principles of optics - electromagnetic theory of propagation, interference and diffraction of light (7. ed.)

Principles of Optics-Max Born 2000-02-28 Principles of Optics is one of the classic science books of the twentieth century, and probably the most influential book in optics published in the past 40 years. The new edition is the first ever thoroughly revised and expanded edition of this standard text. Among the new material, much of which is not available in any other optics text, is a section on the CAT scan (computerized axial tomography), which has revolutionized medical diagnostics. The book also includes a new chapter on scattering from inhomogeneous media which provides a comprehensive treatment of the theory of scattering of scalar as well as of electromagnetic waves, including the Born series and the Rytov series. The chapter also presents an account of the principles of diffraction tomography a refinement of the CAT scan to which Emil Wolf, one of the authors, has made a basic contribution by formulating in 1969 what is generally regarded to be the basic theorem in this field. The chapter also includes an account of scattering from periodic potentials and its connection to the classic subject of determining the structure of crystals from X-ray diffraction experiments, including accounts of von Laue equations, Bragg's law, the Ewald sphere of reflection and the Ewald limiting sphere, both generalized to continuous media. These topics, although originally introduced in connection with the theory of X-ray diffraction by crystals, have since become of considerable relevance to optics, for example in connection with deep holograms. Other new topics covered in this new edition include interference with broad-band light, which introduces the reader to an important phenomenon discovered relatively recently by Emil Wolf, namely the generation of shifts of spectral lines and other modifications of spectra of radiated fields due to the state of coherence of a source. There is also a section on the so-called Rayleigh-Sommerfield diffraction theory which, in recent times, has been finding increasing popularity among optical scientists. There are also several new appendices, including one on energy conservation in scalar wavefields, which is seldom discussed in books on optics. The new edition of this standard reference will continue to be invaluable to advanced undergraduates, graduate students and researchers working in most areas of optics.
Closed-Form DRSS Localization Based on Projection for Sensor Networks

Energy-based localization techniques, such as received signal strength (RSS) and differential RSS (DRSS), have gained widespread use in both indoor and outdoor environments due to their high accuracy and low cost. Recently, a new model for DRSS has been introduced, accompanied by a suboptimal solution that fails to attain the Cramér–Rao bound (CRB). However, a comprehensive solution that achieves the CRB and the corresponding analysis is still lacking. To address this gap, this letter proposes a novel formulation for DRSS localization that takes into account sensor position errors from the perspective of nullspace projection. A closed-form coarse estimate is obtained and subsequently refined by the constraint. In addition, we enhance the accuracy of our approach in the presence of large noise and errors by utilizing the Taylor expansion. We provide a theoretical performance analysis that establishes the achievement of the proposed solution to the CRB, which is verified through simulation. Our results demonstrate that the proposed solution outperforms existing algorithms in both mean square error and bias.
Tonal variation in Zambian Chinyanja varieties: An autosegmental analysis.

The language varieties examined in this study are Zambian Chicewa, Chinsenga and Chingoni (abbreviated as Ce, Ns and Ng respectively throughout the thesis). The three varieties are here referred to collectively as Zambian Chinyanja. The question to be addressed is that of internal classification, to establish, how close or how different these varieties are. Particular emphasis is placed on their tonal relationships, which is a topic usually neglected in dialect studies. The model adopted for the study is that of Autosegmental Phonology originated in 1976 by Goldsmith and - with particular relevance for Bantu tonology - developed in Clements and Goldsmith (1984), a work which included contributions from a number of people working in this field. (For example: Hyman and Byarushengo, Kisseberth, Laughren, Massamba and Odden). It is found that Autosegmental Phonology has advantages over linear models of Phonology such as the traditional Generative Phonology generally so far adopted by dialectologists Such as Brown (1972), Newton (1972), and Van Vliet (1981). In contrast to linear models, Autosegmental Phonology treats tone separately from the segmental elements that bear it. This allows the model to handle tonal variation more adequately. Furthermore, the traditional models of Generative Phonology were found to be too abstract and unconstrained. In particular, in Generative Dialectology, underlying forms which were constructed tended to be so abstract that they were really historical forms having no direct justification from the contemporary systems, of the individual dialects. In this study, synchrony and diachrony are sharply distinguished in terms of the Alternation Condition (Kiparsky 1968). Although the thesis is mainly concerned with tonal variation, it includes a lexicostatistical analysis and an overview of the Phonology and Morphology of the varieties. On the basis of these preliminary analyses only, three varieties of Zambian Chinyanja would need to be recognized. Examination of tonal data, on the other hand, reveals that there are five varieties, viz; Ce1, Ce2, Ns1, Ng and Ns2. Moreover, it has been established that Ns1 and Ng are tonally identical although this is not the case when lexicostatistics are considered. The overview of the morphology is a necessary inclusion. Firstly, throughout the tonal analysis, there is substantial reference to Phonological and Morphological processes. Secondly, the description of the morphology includes accounts of Ns and Ng, which, in contrast to Ce, have not previously received any scholarly attention. It is concluded that it is significant In dialect studies of some languages to include tonal variation, for on the basis of vocabulary correspondences and other segmental information alone, the classification of language varieties or dialects may be overly simplistic.
Use of bidirectional transmittance distribution function measurements to determine transmittance haze

Accurate and traceable measurements of transmittance haze are required for quality control in various different industries, such as optoelectronics, automobiles, and agriculture. Transmittance haze is defined as the fraction of light transmitted through a material that deviates from the incident beam by more than 2.5∘. Various documentary standards specify the use of an integrating sphere with a prescribed geometry for the measurement of transmittance haze. This paper uses goniometric measurements of the bidirectional transmittance distribution function (BTDF) to calculate transmittance haze according to the definition and demonstrates that the sphere-based realisation of transmittance haze specified in the documentary standards does not agree with the definition, with the difference being up to 20% for some samples. The BTDF measurements are also used to simulate the integrating sphere haze, allowing the sensitivity of the sphere haze to errors in the integrating sphere geometry to be calculated.
Controllabilty and stability analysis on a group associated with Black-Scholes equation

In this paper we have studied the driftless control system on a Lie group which arises due to the invariance of Black-Scholes equation by conformal transformations. These type of studies are possible as Black-Scholesequation can be mapped to one dimensional free Schrödingerequation. In particular we have studied the controllability, optimal control of the resulting dynamics as well as stability aspects of this system. We have also found out the trajectories of the states of the system through two unconventional integrators along with conventional Runge-Kutta integrator.
In Vitro Synergistic Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Nisin and Lactic Acid in Yogurt against Helicobacter pylori and Human Gastric Cells

Abstract Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that naturally thrives in acidic environments and has the potential to induce various gastrointestinal disorders in humans. The antibiotic therapy utilized for treating H. pylori can lead to undesired side effects, such as dysbiosis in the gut microbiota. The objective of our study was to explore the potential antibacterial effects of nisin and lactic acid (LA) in yogurt against H. pylori. Additionally, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of nisin and LA in human gastric (AGS) cells infected with H. pylori. Nisin and LA combination showed the strongest inhibitory activity, with confirmed synergy at 0.375 fractional inhibitory concentration index. Also, post-fermented yogurt with incorporation of nisin exhibited antibacterial effect against H. pylori. The combination of nisin and LA resulted in a significant reduction of mRNA levels of bacterial toxins of H. pylori and pro-inflammatory cytokines in AGS cells infected with H. pylori. Furthermore, this also increased bacterial membrane damage, which led to DNA and protein leakage in H. pylori. Overall, the combination of nisin and LA shows promise as an alternative therapy for H. pylori infection. Additionally, the incorporation of nisin into foods containing LA presents a potential application. Further studies, including animal research, are needed to validate these findings and explore clinical applications.
MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF A COUPLED NONLINEAR FLUID STRUCTURE INTERACTION MODEL WITH APPLICATIONS TO ANEURYSMS

ABSTRACT: In this work, we will present a mathematical model that describes a coupled fluid-structure interaction between the arterial wall, the blood flow inside the wall and the cerebral spinal fluid outside the wall with applications to intracranial saccular aneurysms. The governing system of differential equations includes a nonlinear power-law fluid equation coupled with a nonlinear elasticity equation describing the wall in conjunction with blood pressure that is modeled via a Fourier series. The thrust of this work involves the analysis and simulation of the associated mathematical model using classical differential equation techniques. Besides proving existence and uniqueness of the solution to the related system, analytical expressions for the associated traveling wave solutions for the governing nonlinear differential equation is also derived for a special class of problems that is biologically tractable.
Probabilistic Implicit Multitask Feature Learning Based on Weight Matrix Partition

Multitask learning (MTL) can be considered at two levels, considering the multiple features attribute that can be migrated between the most tasks simultaneously called MTL on task level, and only considering the features attribute that can be migrated between a very few tasks called MTL on feature level. A single feature is composed with an overlying structure including these above two levels, since the similarity between the multi-tasks is not unique. In the previous MTL studies, in task level, the shared feature structure of inter-task is the leading approach, and in feature level, only considering a partial of salient features is more prevalent. However, this model and structure assumptions are violated on most complex learning scenarios, and some specific feature structures is also limited. In this paper, from the Bayesian viewpoint, we propose a new method, the weight matrix is defined by stochastic variables which probabilistic distribution is overlaid, the relationship in task level are no longer represented by a unified structure, and relationship in feature level are not limited to concrete structural forms. The overlying structure is defined by two parts: multidimensional Gaussian mixture distribution according to the overall features to describe the task relationship and one-dimensional Gaussian mixture distribution to describe the feature relationship on every feature. These two parts can be elaborated by the information contained in each Gaussian sub-classes separately, then we determine the closeness of the relationship by calculating the posterior probability distribution. The advantage of our method is that we can operate the weight matrix more flexible and make full use of the probability distribution to get abundant expression in the task level and grasp the key factors in the feature learning process.
Intellectual property strategy and the governance of technological platform-driven global value chains: The case of Qualcomm

This study investigates the impact of intellectual property (IP) strategy on the governance of technological platform-driven global value chains (GVCs) using a case study of the collaboration between Qualcomm and Chinese smartphone manufacturers. Our findings are twofold. First, even when IP protection is inadequate or technological capabilities of IP users are weak, a well-designed IP strategy can allow a technological platform vendor (Qualcomm) to transfer knowledge to users in developing countries while still protecting their own IPs. Second, by reducing the platform and value chain’s modularity, a good IP strategy can encourage platform vendors to offer more innovation and learning opportunities along GVCs. We show there can be a significant mutual reinforcement mechanism included in an IP strategy that supports the co-evolution of platform vendors and a few selected users (OPPO, VIVO, and Xiaomi) with great potential for learning and innovation in GVCs.
Design of sound absorbers based on open-cell foams via microstructure-based modeling

Eﬀects of microstructure factors on the acoustic performance of open-cell foams can be characterized numerically by a microstructure-based approach. To this regard, the numerical homogenization approach and the equivalent-ﬂuid theory are employed to study the acoustic behavior of random open-cell foams within their Voronoi tessellation-based Representative Volume Elements (RVE). As a validation step, the numerical predictions are compared with the reference ﬁndings to either verify the ﬁnite element procedure or demonstrate that the constructed RVE can capture both the local geometrical characteristics and the acoustic macro-behavior of cellular solid foams. It can be seen from the obtained results that the morphological characteristics of open-cell foams could be controlled to achieve the desired sound absorbing behavior. In addition, the analytical expressions, formulating the relationship between the geometry of foam absorbers and their target absorption performance, are established to design sound absorbing foam layers.
A Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Obesity, Body Image, and Mental Health of British-Born 
 Afro-Caribbean Male Students at a West Yorkshire University in England

Obesity, body image, and depression are all biopsychosocial phenomena that are frequently misunderstood across cultures. Body dissatisfaction is a psychological aspect of obesity that has been associated with disordered eating, low self-esteem, and depression. Nevertheless, body image dissatisfaction may affect non-obese individuals too. Those with a positive body image are more likely to participate in physical activity than those with a negative body image. Individuals who are satisfied with their body image are more likely to possess high self-esteem, confidence, and healthy eating habits. Obesity prevention among the black population is increasingly important. This study sought to examine the perceptions and experiences of British-born Afro-Caribbean male students at a West Yorkshire University in England regarding obesity, body image, and mental health. Twelve participants took part in 45-minute semi-structured interviews. The data was transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results revealed four major themes: "healthy lifestyle monitoring," "body image attitude," "experiences of attempting to maintain weight," and "reasons for weight change. " Clinically obese individuals exhibited dissatisfaction with their body image. Depression was found to be strongly related to dissatisfaction with one's body image. Obesity is stigmatized and associated with low self-esteem in many societies in the United Kingdom, which impacts mental health. Future health promotion programs should teach obese individuals who are dissatisfied with their body image to deal with emotions like shame, guilt, and pride. Furthermore, individuals should adopt healthier eating habits and increase their physical activity, which is a broad strategy to reduce the incidence of obesity.
Mirror, Mirror, in My Mind: An Ethological Approach to Shaping Student Behavior

This paper introduces an ethology for understanding student behavior and creating interventions to shape positive social, emotional, and academic performance. Rooted in the principles of applied behavior analysis and learning theories, the author suggests a proactive perspective to observing and shaping student behaviors in a post-pandemic era and provides one tool for flipping and reframing a student’s mindset to promote constructive thinking and positive social behaviors.
Leishmania Seroprevalence in Dogs: Comparing Shelter and Domestic Communities

Simple Summary Shelter dogs are considered more susceptible to infection with Leishmania infantum than domestic dogs due to the living conditions they are subjected to. These two populations of dogs were compared in an area where leishmaniosis is endemic, and shelter dogs were found to be less infected than domestic dogs. Statistically significant differences were also found between age groups and clinical statuses. Monitoring, preventing, and treating canine leishmaniosis is crucial in reducing this zoonosis among animals and humans, under the scope of One Health. Abstract Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a chronic, systemic, and often severe disease. The main causative agent of CanL is a protozoan parasite, Leishmania infantum, with phlebotomine sand flies acting as vectors. In Europe and other continents, L. infantum is also responsible for leishmaniosis in other animals, such as cats, horses, and humans. In Portugal, animal and human leishmaniosis is endemic, and high prevalence levels of infections and disease have been reported in dogs. There is a prejudice against stray animals and also those housed in shelters, assuming they have higher levels of infection with vector-borne pathogens, including L. infantum, when compared to domestic animals. In northeastern Portugal, serum samples were obtained from March to May 2022 in three shelters (n = 179) and thirteen veterinary clinics (n = 164), resulting in 343 dogs being analyzed for antibodies to Leishmania spp. by the direct agglutination test (DAT). The overall seroprevalence was 9.9%, with 15.2% seroprevalence in domestic dogs and 5.0% in the shelter ones (p = 0.003). The fact that shelter dogs had a lower seroprevalence could be explained by more regular veterinary care provided in shelters regarding preventive measures, including insecticides with an antifeeding effect, in comparison with domestic dogs.