Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NDT_A_297504 2549..2566

1Neurotrials Research, Atlanta, GA, USA; 2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA; 3Thomas Roth Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA Abstract: Chronic insomnia disorder, which affects 6–10% of the population, is diagnostically characterized by ongoing difficulties with initiating or maintaining sleep occurring at least three times per week, persisting for at least 3 months, and associated with daytime impairment. While chronic insomnia is often considered a condition primarily related to impaired sleep, the disorder can also adversely affect domains of physical and mental health, quality of life, and daytime function, which highlights the importance of treating the multidimensional sleep disorder. Owing to misperceptions about the safety and effectiveness of treatment options, many individuals with insomnia may not seek professional treatment, and alternatively use ineffective home remedies or over-the-counter medications to improve sleep. Some physicians may even believe that insomnia is remediated by simply having the patient “get more sleep”. Unfortunately, treatment of insomnia is not always that simple. The disorder’s complex underlying pathophysiology warrants consideration of different nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment options. Indeed, recent insights gained from research into the pathophysiology of insomnia have facilitated development of newer treatment approaches with more efficacious outcomes. This narrative review provides a summary of the diagnostic criteria and pathophysiology of insomnia and its subtypes. Further, this review emphasizes new and emerging nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments for chronic insomnia, including recent enhancements in approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and the new dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) pharmacologics. These advances in treatment have expanded the treatment options and are likely to result in improved outcomes in patients with chronic insomnia.
Improving the quality properties and extension the shelf life of soy cheese

This study was to improving properties and enhancing the shelf life of soy cheese. Cheeses made from soymilk (100%) or soymilk blended with fresh skim milk (75%:25%) was storage in brine solutions (5 and 10 g/100 ml NaCl) for 60 days at 5±1°C. Chemical, microbiological, textural and Sensory evaluation was carried out during storage time at fresh, one and two months. Moisture, ash, total nitrogen (TN), soluble nitrogen (SN), salt and yield contents were significantly (P<0.05) affected by blended with skim milk and brine concentrations used in the experimental cheeses at fresh and during storage. Minerals (Ca, P, K and Zn) in soy cheese blended with 25% fresh skim milk (D treatment) recorded the highest values at in comparing to soy cheese (A treatment). The PH values showed little decreased in brined soy cheese at fresh in 5 and 10% NaCl solutions. Microbiological properties showed that slightly decreased in the log counts of Lactobasillis bulgaricus and Streptococcus. thermophilus of brined soy cheese in all treatments and reaching the lowest count after two months of storage and no significant (P ˃0.05) changes between treatments in total bacterial counts at fresh. Firmness recorded increased values at fresh in A, B and C treatments in compared to C, D and E treatments, while Cohesiveness, Gumminess, Chewiness and Resilience values were decreased during storage period of all soy cheese treatments. The proportion of fresh skim milk (25%) used in soy cheese significantly (p < 0.05) influenced on sensory characteristics and improved generally at fresh and during storage compared to soy cheese (100% soymilk). Also, treatments storage in 5 and10% brine solutions at 5±1°C enhancing the shelf life up to 60 days of storage period.
DDDT_A_343928 279..296

1College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People’s Republic of China; 2Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, 445000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China; 4Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China Purpose: Catalpol is the main active component of Rehmannia glutinosa, which has a variety of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. This study investigates the feasibility of catalpol intranasal administration and its protective effect on acute cerebral ischemia in rats via anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Patients and Methods: This study investigates the method of catalpol intranasal administration to evaluate the nasal mucosal toxicity, brain targeting and pharmacokinetics of catalpol. The protective effect of catalpol of intranasal administration on stroke-induced brain injury in rats and its mechanisms on oxidative stress pathway Nrf2/HO-1 and apoptosis were also investigated using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Results: The results showed that catalpol intranasal administration was safe and feasible with no hemolysis, no bad effect on the maxillary ciliary movement of bullfrog. After intranasal administration, the brain targeting index (DTI) of catalpol was greater than 1, which indicated that catalpol had good brain targeting after intranasal administration. The bioavailability of catalpol administered intranasally was higher than that of in plasma. In MACO model, catalpol intranasal administration could significantly reduce cerebral infarction volume, neurological dysfunction and brain edema. In addition, catalpol intranasal administration can also reduce the brain cell’s occurrence of apoptosis, promote the expression of Bcl-2 protein and inhibit the expression of Bax protein, reduce oxidative stress damage via up-regulating expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, increasing the activities of SOD and decreasing the activities of MDA. Conclusion: Collectively, catalpol intranasal administration has good safety, stability and brain targeting. It can effectively protect the brain injury of the rat model of acute cerebral ischemia and provide the possibility of drug administration in the acute stage of cerebral ischemia, especially before entering the hospital.
Exercise Prescription for Osteoporosis: Back to Basics.

ABSTRACT This Perspectives provides a back-to-basics rationale for the ideal exercise prescription for osteoporosis. The relevance of fundamental principles of mechanical loading and bone adaptation determined from early animal studies is revisited. The application to human trials is presented, including recent advances. A model of broad-scale implementation is described and areas for further investigation identified.
Stage-Dependent Cerebral Blood Flow and Leukoaraiosis Couplings in Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Disease and Alzheimer’s Disease

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) have both been associated with white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and altered cerebral blood flow (CBF) although the etiology of AD is still unclear. Objective: To test the hypothesis that CBF and WMHs have differential effects on cognition and that the relationship between CBF and WMHs changes with the subtypes and stages of dementia. Methods: Forty-two patients with SIVD, 50 patients with clinically-diagnosed AD, and 30 cognitively-normal subjects were included. Based on the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), the patients were dichotomized into early-stage (CDR = 0.5) and late-stage (CDR = 1 or 2) groups. CBF and WMH metrics were derived from magnetic resonance imaging and correlated with cognition. Results: Hierarchical linear regression revealed that CBF metrics had distinct contribution to global cognition, memory, and attention, whereas WMH metrics had distinct contribution to executive function (all p < 0.05). In SIVD, the WMHs in frontotemporal areas correlated with the CBF in bilateral thalami at the early stage; the correlation then became between the WMHs in basal ganglia and the CBF in frontotemporal areas at the late stage. A similar corticosubcortical coupling was observed in AD but involved fewer areas. Conclusion: A stage-dependent coupling between CBF and WMHs was identified in AD and SIVD, where the extent of cortical WMHs correlated with subcortical CBF for CDR = 0.5, whereas the extent of subcortical WMHs correlated with cortical CBF for CDR = 1–2.
Interaction of electromagnetic fields generated by lightning with overhead electrical networks

In this chapter, the authors present the theory describing the interaction of lightning electromagnetic fields with overhead lines, with particular reference to electrical power networks. The first part of the chapter, presents different approaches and formulations that can be used to describe the coupling between an external electromagnetic field and a transmission line. Then, the selected field-to-transmission line coupling model was extended to include the effects of a lossy earth serving as a return conductor and to deal with the case of multiconductor lines. The time-domain representation of coupling equations, useful for analysing nonlinearities, was also be dealt with. The experimental test and validation of coupling models using data from natural and artificially triggered lightning, EMP simulators, or reduced scale models were presented in the first part of the chapter. In the second part of the chapter, the illustrated mathematical models were applied to compute lightning-induced overvoltages on overhead power distribution lines. This chapter particularly discussed the influence on the amplitude and waveshape of lightning-induced voltages of: the finite ground conductivity; the presence of shielding wires; the downward leader phase of the lightning discharge that precedes the return stroke phase and; the corona effect.
Princípios para análises gráficas de capas de disco de vinil Principles for graphic analysis of vinyl record jackets

L. V. Gomes; M. B. Junior; L. Medeiros & V. N. M. Santana. 2015. Principios para analises graficas de capas de disco de vinil. In: C. G. Spinillo; L. M. Fadel; V. T. Souto; T. B. P. Silva & R. J. Camara (Eds). Anais [Poster] do 7o Congresso Internacional de Design da Informacao/Proceedings [Poster] of the 7th Information Design International Conference | CIDI 2015 [Blucher Design Proceedings, num.2, vol.2]. Sao Paulo: Blucher, 2015. ISSN 2318-6968, DOI 10.5151/designpro-CIDI2015-cidi_211 Principios para analises graficas de capas de disco de vinil Principles for graphic analysis of vinyl record jackets
The development of an in vitro glenohumeral testing rig

Until recently the accurate measurement of contact loads acting in the glenohumeral joint have been difficult to calculate and define. Now, contact forces and moments are measured in vivo using telemeterised shoulder implants. This method limits testing opportunities so a dynamic shoulder testing apparatus has been developed to examine glenohumeral joint motion and forces. This in vitro study evaluated the accuracy of forces generated in the glenohumeral joint using an instrumented prosthetic implant. Forces were applied to cables to simulate loading of the supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatus/teres minor, long head biceps and anterior, middle, and posterior deltoid muscles. The test rig reproduces the 6DoF of the glenohumeral joint and accurately recreates the contact forces measured in vivo. This test rig will allow many more tests to be simulated including comparison of fixation methods and high impact injuries.
Incremental costs of integrated PrEP provision and effective use counselling in community‐based platforms for adolescent girls and young women in South Africa: an observational study

Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) are a priority population for pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), a highly effective HIV prevention method. However, effective PrEP use among AGYW has been low. Interventions to support PrEP effective use may improve pill‐taking. Affordability of PrEP programs depends on their cost. We, therefore, evaluated the cost of community‐based PrEP with effective use counselling.
The switch: the role of glucocorticoids during fetal cardiomyocyte energy metabolism

Glucocorticoids play a crucial role in the maturation of foetal organs during pregnancy, as well as the preparation of extrauterine life and increased energy demands upon removal of the nutrient-rich placenta following birth. The administration of synthetic glucocorticoids, as either Celestone, a formulation of betamethasone acetate with betamethasone phosphate, or solely betamethasone acetate, is routine in many countries (Agnew et al. 2018). The benefits of antenatal corticosteroid treatment are vast, one of which is its ability to help with the maturation of fetal lung tissue and prevent neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in preterm babies (McGoldrick et al. 2020). Endogenously, glucocorticoids are associated with the development of the heart (Hillman et al. 2012). Cardiomyocytes undergo terminal differentiation during pregnancy, including changes to mitochondria, energy metabolism, calcium-handling, and more. Abundant literature exists on the effects of glucocorticoids on cardiomyocytes perinatally, but the direct effects of glucocorticoids, through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), are not as well established. Furthermore, the role of synthetic glucocorticoids on thematuration of cardiomyocytes during different stages of gestation is also unknown. Elucidating the differences between endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoid administration can help clarify relationships between cardiac pathology and steroidogenesis and also provide a basis for future interventions to minimize the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, which may be influenced by synthetic glucocorticoid administration perinatally. Current research by Ivy et al. (2021), recently published in The Journal of Physiology, shows the impact of glucocorticoids on cardiomyocytes, specifically by looking at its effects on energy metabolism. This study follows a trifold experimental method to observe the effects of glucocorticoids on various levels of tissue: fetal cardiomyocytes with dexamethasone treatment depicting endogenous effects, neonatal mice with dexamethasone treatment to observe postnatal changes after birth, and pregnant dams with dexamethasone treatment to depict late-gestation effects of exogenous corticosteroids. A translational lamb model was also established to mimic the effects of synthetic corticosteroid injections.
Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents: Understanding Results from Screening with the PHQ-9M and the PSC-17P

ABSTRACT: Objective: The objective of the study was to help pediatricians understand and respond to suicidal ideation (SI) in adolescents based on data from 2 widely used screening measures that assessed SI and other psychosocial vulnerabilities in a large, national sample. Methods: Adolescents (ages 11–17 years) completed the Patient Health Questionnaire Modified for Teenagers (PHQ-9M) using the Comprehensive Health and Decision Information System software before their well-child visits. Question 9 asks about past 2-week SI. Their parents filled out the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC-17P), which screens for a broad range of psychosocial problems. Chi-square analyses and one-way analysis of variances assessed the relationship between SI and psychosocial problems. Results: Among 5411 adolescents, 266 (4.9%) reported SI at least several days in the past 2 weeks. Among adolescents with SI, 187 (70.3%) reported moderate to very severe depression on the PHQ-9M (≥10), 68.1% were at risk on at least 1 PSC-17P problem subscale, 59.7% on the PSC-17P internalizing scale, 42.9% on PSC-17P overall, 20.6% on PSC-17P externalizing, and 18.5% on PSC-17P attention. Within the subsample endorsing SI nearly all days, 35.7% had a former suicide attempt. Conclusion: The PHQ-9M identifies a clinically heterogeneous subset of approximately 5% of adolescents who report occasional to frequent SI. The PSC-17P corroborates their high degree of overall risk and offers additional information that can help pediatricians assess clinical severity and range of psychosocial problems. Given our limited knowledge of how to predict and prevent an individual adolescent's suicide, the focus of screening should be to identify and help the subset of patients with chronic psychosocial vulnerability of any type.
Well-being, food habits, and lifestyle for longevity. Preliminary evidence from the sardinian centenarians and long-lived people of the Blue Zone

ABSTRACT Lifestyle, physical, and mental health impact successful aging. However, at present, extensive literature about the interplay among perceived mental and physical health, lifestyle, and food intake in long-lived people residing in areas of exceptional longevity is lacking. This study was mainly aimed at examining the relationships among self-assessed life satisfaction, physical health, lifestyle, and food intake in the last two decades of life. A further goal was to investigate the impact of age-related factors on the above variables. The recruitment was mainly conducted in the Sardinian Blue Zone, a well-documented area of exceptional longevity in Sardinia, an Italian Island located in the Mediterranean Sea. Twenty-nine octogenarians (Mage = 83.9 years, SD = 2.7) and 28 gender-matched long-lived (Mage = 97.6 years, SD = 7.9) community-dwellers took voluntarily part in the study. Each participant individually completed a battery of tasks assessing their global cognitive efficiency, life satisfaction, lifestyle, food intake, and perceived physical health. The results highlighted that life satisfaction was significantly associated with time spent on outdoor leisure activities (r = .314, p = .026), perceived physical health (r = .459, p = .001), and carbohydrate intake (r = .333, p = .021). Moreover, the octogenarians and long-lived groups reported similar levels of life satisfaction (t(56) = . 573, p = . 569, Cohen’s d = . 164). In conclusion, healthy nutrition habits and a physically active lifestyle boosting mental and physical health are crucial for promoting optimal aging.
Association Between Ginkgo Biloba Extract Prescriptions and Dementia Incidence in Outpatients with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Germany: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Clinical trials have demonstrated a significant effectiveness of Ginkgo biloba therapy versus placebo in patients with dementia. Objective: The present study aims to analyze the impact of Ginkgo biloba drug prescriptions on dementia incidence in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a real-world setting. Methods: This retrospective study was based on the IQVIA Disease Analyzer database and included patients aged 65 or older with a first diagnosis of MCI from January 2000 to December 2019. Each patient was followed for up to 20 years after MCI diagnosis until February 2021. Date of the first diagnosis of dementia or loss to follow-up, whichever occurred first, was noted. To estimate the association between Ginkgo biloba prescriptions during the follow-up and dementia incidence, a multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed, adjusted for age, sex, health insurance, documented co-diagnoses, and prescription of cholinesterase inhibitors. Results: Overall, 24,483 MCI patients (mean age: 77.0 years, 56.3% women) were included. It was found that > 2 prescriptions of Ginkgo biloba were significantly associated with a reduced dementia incidence (HR: 0.71 (95% CI: 0.55–0.91), p = 0.007), as compared with no Ginkgo biloba prescription. The effect of receiving > 3 Ginkgo biloba prescriptions was even stronger, with an HR of 0.64 (95% CI: 0.48–0.86), p = 0.003), while for > 4 prescriptions the HR was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.41–0.82) (p = 0.002). Conclusion: All-cause dementia incidence decreased with higher numbers of Ginkgo biloba prescriptions in MCI patients.
Acute effects of small changes in antero-posterior shoe-cleat position on physiological and biomechanical variables in road cycling

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of changes in cycling shoe-cleat position on pedalling biomechanics, physiological variables, and performance in road cycling. Twelve competitive road cyclists performed three pedalling trials with the cleat positioned at the first metatarsal head, 15-mm anterior and 15-mm posterior. Each trial included three sets of 5 min performed at 35%, 50%, and 65% of maximal aerobic power (MAP) followed by a 10-s sprint. Results showed no significant changes in physiological variables, pedalling kinetics, muscular activity of six lower limb muscles, sprint performance and perceived exertion. However, significant differences were found regarding joint kinematics: hip, knee, and ankle angles during both extension and flexion were reduced in the anterior cleat position. Therefore, this study suggests that cleat position does not affect sprint performance, physiological variables, pedalling kinetics, muscle activity, and perceived exertion regardless of the cycling intensity. However, joint kinematics, and particularly knee extension angle which could be related to the risk of overuse injuries, was affected by the shoe-cleat position.
Dietary fiber intake and risk of incident disabling dementia: the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study

ABSTRACT Objectives It has been hypothesized that dietary fiber intake has a beneficial impact on prevention of dementia, but the epidemiological evidence is scant. We sought to examine whether dietary fiber intake is inversely associated with risk of dementia requiring care under the national insurance (disabling dementia). Methods The study setting was the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study, involving 3739 Japanese individuals aged 40–64 years at the dietary surveys (1985–99). Dietary fiber intake was estimated using the 24-hour dietary recall method. Incident disabling dementia was followed up from 1999 through 2020. Disabling dementia was further classified into that with or without a history of stroke. Hazard ratios of disabling dementia according to quartiles of total, soluble, and insoluble fiber intake were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results During a median 19.7-year follow-up, a total of 670 cases of disabling dementia developed. Dietary fiber intake was inversely associated with risk of dementia: the multivariate hazards ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.83 (0.67–1.04), 0.81 (0.65–1.02), and 0.74 (0.57–0.96) for individuals with the second, third, and highest quartiles of dietary fiber intake, respectively, as compared with the lowest quartile (P for trend = 0.03). The inverse association was more evident for soluble fiber intake and was confined to dementia without a history of stroke. As for fiber-containing foods, potatoes, but not vegetables or fruits, showed a similar association. Conclusions Dietary fiber intake, especially soluble fiber, was inversely associated with risk of disabling dementia in a general Japanese population.