Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Snowflake Elastic Data Warehouse

We live in the golden age of distributed computing. Public cloud platforms now offer virtually unlimited compute and storage resources on demand. At the same time, the Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) model brings enterprise-class systems to users who previously could not afford such systems due to their cost and complexity. Alas, traditional data warehousing systems are struggling to fit into this new environment. For one thing, they have been designed for fixed resources and are thus unable to leverage the cloud's elasticity. For another thing, their dependence on complex ETL pipelines and physical tuning is at odds with the flexibility and freshness requirements of the cloud's new types of semi-structured data and rapidly evolving workloads. We decided a fundamental redesign was in order. Our mission was to build an enterprise-ready data warehousing solution for the cloud. The result is the Snowflake Elastic Data Warehouse, or "Snowflake" for short. Snowflake is a multi-tenant, transactional, secure, highly scalable and elastic system with full SQL support and built-in extensions for semi-structured and schema-less data. The system is offered as a pay-as-you-go service in the Amazon cloud. Users upload their data to the cloud and can immediately manage and query it using familiar tools and interfaces. Implementation began in late 2012 and Snowflake has been generally available since June 2015. Today, Snowflake is used in production by a growing number of small and large organizations alike. The system runs several million queries per day over multiple petabytes of data. In this paper, we describe the design of Snowflake and its novel multi-cluster, shared-data architecture. The paper highlights some of the key features of Snowflake: extreme elasticity and availability, semi-structured and schema-less data, time travel, and end-to-end security. It concludes with lessons learned and an outlook on ongoing work.
A Lightweight McEliece Cryptosystem Co-processor Design

Due to the rapid advances in the development of quantum computers and their susceptibility to errors, there is a renewed interest in error correction algorithms. In particular, error correcting code-based cryptosystems have reemerged as a highly desirable coding technique. This is due to the fact that most classical asymmetric cryptosystems will fail in the quantum computing era. Quantum computers can solve many of the integer factorization and discrete logarithm problems efficiently. However, code-based cryptosystems are still secure against quantum computers, since the decoding of linear codes remains as NP-hard even on these computing systems. One such cryptosystem is the McEliece code-based cryptosystem. The original McEliece code-based cryptosystem uses binary Goppa code, which is known for its good code rate and error correction capability. However, its key generation and decoding procedures have a high computation complexity. In this work we propose a design and hardware implementation of an public-key encryption and decryption co-processor based on a new variant of McEliece system. This co-processor takes the advantage of the non-binary Orthogonal Latin Square Codes to achieve much smaller computation complexity, hardware cost, and the key size.
Influence of hydrogenation on the vibrational density of states of magnetocaloric 
LaFe11.4Si1.6H1.6

A. Terwey, M. E. Gruner, W. Keune, J. Landers, S. Salamon, B. Eggert, K. Ollefs, V. Brabänder, I. Radulov, K. Skokov, T. Faske, M. Y. Hu, J. Zhao, E. E. Alp, C. Giacobbe, O. Gutfleisch, and H. Wende1∗ Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38000 Grenoble, France
Titanium-Based Sintered Alloy with Improved Wear Resistance

Titanium sintered alloys have a special use in the technique because they have multiple advantages. Titanium and its alloys are characterized by remarkable physic-chemical, mechanical and technological properties. However, there are several such properties that have a lower value, such as friction behavior. Titanium and its alloys are recognized as having low wear resistance. Titanium alloyed with certain elements, such as tin or graphite, can lead to alloys with improved wear properties, with the specification that graphite does not exceed 1%. The technology of manufacturing titanium-based alloys is specific to powder metallurgy, but it also has some originality by choosing special sintering cycles. The paper aims to present a tribological characterization of the sintered TiAl alloy; the method uses the disc of the alloy that has been researched in contact with an alumina ball. The paper presents a detailed analysis of the wear tests carried out for four types of specimens obtained by different methods.
AGENÞI TERAPEUTICI BIOLOGICI ÎN TERAPIA LUPUSULUI ERITEMATOS NOVEL THERAPEUTIC BIOLOGIC AGENTS FOR SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

Ultimele descoperiri în tratamentul lupusului eritematos (LES) sistemic au fost ciclofosfamida oi metilprednisolonul. Studiile în imunologie, oncologie oi endocrinologie au dus la descoperirea unor noi terapii în LES. Aceste terapii includ noi agenþi de imunosupresie, medicaþie biologicã, agenþi de toleranþã, tehnici de imunoablaþie oi medicaþie hormonalã. Câteva dintre aceste terapii sunt în momentul de faþã aplicate în clinicile de specialitate (microfenolat mofetil), iar altele aoteaptã sã intre în studiile clinice (anticorpi monoclonali anti BLyS). Datoritã abilitãþilor lor de a induce debutul oi semnele de debut în LES, celulele B sunt considerate a avea rol cheie în patogeneza acestei boli, oi prin urmare atenþia s-a concentrat concentrat în descoperirea unor terapii care vizeazã aceste celule tintã. Noile abordãri în terapia LES se focalizeazã pe celulele B, modulatori oi costimulatori ai celulelor T, citokine inhibitorii oi complement. Unii dintre agenþii biologici descoperiþi în tratamentul LES, au adus multã speranþã oi unele reþineri, ceea ce ne face sã reflectãm mai mult la instaurarea unei terapii de acest gen. În acest articol revizuim terapiile bazate pe celule B, focalizându-ne pe depleþia celulelor B, toleranþã lor, semnale de costimulare oi citokine care afecteazã supravieþuirea oi activitatea acestor celule. Cuvinte cheie: terapie biologica, lupus eritematos sistemic, noi agenþi imunosupresanþi.
A Narrative-Based Structured Alternative to Tagging

The increase of multimedia information over the past few years has led to the creation of mechanisms that enable its organization through descriptions or keywords. A popular way of associating such descriptions to content is tagging . It can be found in popular sites such as Flickr (for images) or Delicious (bookmarks), among many others. The user is free to associate several tags to content, richly describing that content, which may lead to an easier retrieval at a later time. This solves several problems with hierarchical organization schemes, where choosing the “correct” classification is often hard. However, tagging is completely unstructured, leading to problems of its own. If cataloguing new items is easy, nothing guarantees that the tags used are most appropriate or the same tags are used in similar situations. Problems such as polysemy, synonyms or the problem of basic levels of language make the reuse of tags lower, and hinder the subsequent recovery of items. We propose an approach in which narratives are used as an organizing principle for the tagging of photos. We are used to tell and hear stories, making them a natural form of interaction. By inter-relating the information in them as a coherent whole, stories convey much data in a structured way. By resorting to narratives describing their photos, the users are able to convey more information than by using traditional tagging methods. Furthermore this increases tag reuse and minimizes other problems found in tagging. We conducted a user study with 40 users over a period of three months, which shows this to be the case.
Wealth, Race, and Consumption Smoothing of Typical Income Shocks

We study the consumption response to typical labor income shocks and investigate how these vary by wealth and race. First, we estimate the elasticity of consumption with respect to income using an instrument based on firm-wide changes in monthly pay. While much of the consumption-smoothing literature uses variation in unusual windfall income, this instrument captures the income variation that households typically experience. In addition, because it can be constructed for every worker in every month, it allows for more precision than most previous estimates. We implement this approach in administrative bank account data and find an average elasticity of 0.23, with a standard error of 0.01. The increased precision also allows us to address an open question about the extent of heterogeneity by wealth in the elasticity. We find a much lower consumption response for high liquidity households, which may help discipline structural consumption models. Second, we use this instrument to study how wealth shapes racial inequality. An extensive body of work documents a substantial racial and ethnic wealth gap. However, less is known about how this gap translates into differences in welfare on a month-to-month basis. We make progress on this question by combining our instrument for typical income volatility with a new dataset linking bank account data with race and Hispanicity. We find that black (Hispanic) households cut their consumption 50 (20) percent more than white households when faced with a similarly-sized income shock. Nearly all of this differential pass-through of income to consumption is explained in a statistical sense by differences in liquid wealth. Combining our empirical estimates with a model, we show that temporary income volatility has a substantial welfare cost for all groups. Because of racial disparities in consumption smoothing, the cost is at least 50 percent higher for black households and 20 percent higher for Hispanic households than it is for white households.
Resting eggs of lake‐ Daphnia I. Distribution, abundance and hatching of eggs collected from various depths in lake sediments

SUMMARY. 1. Resting eggs (ephippia) of Daphnia galeata, D. hyalina, D. cucullata and D. galeata X D. hyalina hybrids were collected from the upper 8 cm of sediments at various water depths from two glacial lakes in the Northern Federal Republic of Germany. 2. The horizontal distribution of ‘intact’ ephippia (i.e. those containing two apparently healthy eggs) was extremely patchy, with mean densities in the upper 8 cm ranging from 1325 to 113,907 m−2 (coefficient of variation, C=65.5%; Schohsee, Holstein) and 25,343–159,143 m−2 (C=58.5%; Kel-lersee. Holstein). Ephippial densities were greatest in sediments from deep waters. The highest densities of intact ephippia were in the upper 4 cm of sediment, with progressively fewer with increasing depth. 3. A proportion of eggs obtained from sediments during autumn (September-November 1985) and spring (March-May 1986) were exposed to continuous light (approximately 18 W m−2) at three temperatures (6, 12, 20°C), and the incidence of hatches recorded. 4. Hatching success was consistently low (maximum 14.4%), with most hatching occurring at 12°C. There was no significant difference between the hatching success of ephippia collected during autumn and spring. Decapsulation of ephippial eggs inhibited hatching. Hatching was highly synchronous within each treatment, and the pattern did not differ significantly with sediment depth, though hatching success was lower in deep sediments. A huge reservoir of ephippia is present in lake sediments, of which a proportion may remain viable for many years. Periodic recruitment of hatchlings to the pelagic population may provide an important mechanism for the maintenance of genetic diversity in Daphnia populations, as well as affecting rates of evolutionary change.
Finite element model updating using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo techniques

Bayesian techniques have been widely used in finite element model (FEM) updating. The attraction of these techniques is their ability to quantify and characterize the uncertainties associated with dynamic systems. In order to update an FEM, the Bayesian formulation requires the evaluation of the posterior distribution function. For large systems, this function is difficult to solve analytically. In such cases, the use of sampling techniques often provides a good approximation of this posterior distribution function. The hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) method is a classic sampling method used to approximate high-dimensional complex problems. However, the acceptance rate of HMC is sensitive to the system size, as well as to the time step used to evaluate the molecular dynamics trajectory. The shadow HMC technique (SHMC), which is a modified version of the HMC method, was developed to improve sampling for large system sizes by drawing from a modified shadow Hamiltonian function. However, the SHMC algorithm performance is limited by the use of a non-separable modified Hamiltonian function. Moreover, two additional parameters are required for the sampling procedure, which could be computationally expensive. To overcome these weaknesses, the separable shadow HMC (S2HMC) method has been introduced. This method uses a transformation to a different parameter space to generate samples. In this paper, we analyse the application and performance of these algorithms, including the parameters used in each algorithm, their limitations and the effects on model updating. The accuracy and the efficiency of the algorithms are demonstrated by updating the finite element models of two real mechanical structures. It is observed that the S2HMC algorithm has a number of advantages over the other algorithms; for example, the S2HMC algorithm is able to efficiently sample at larger time steps while using fewer parameters than the other algorithms.
Consistency and variation of protein subcellular location annotations

A major challenge for protein databases is reconciling information from diverse sources. This is especially difficult when some information consists of secondary, human‐interpreted rather than primary data. For example, the Swiss‐Prot database contains curated annotations of subcellular location that are based on predictions from protein sequence, statements in scientific articles, and published experimental evidence. The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) consists of millions of high‐resolution microscopic images that show protein spatial distribution on a cellular and subcellular level. These images are manually annotated with protein subcellular locations by trained experts. The image annotations in HPA can capture the variation of subcellular location across different cell lines, tissues, or tissue states. Systematic investigation of the consistency between HPA and Swiss‐Prot assignments of subcellular location, which is important for understanding and utilizing protein location data from the two databases, has not been described previously. In this paper, we quantitatively evaluate the consistency of subcellular location annotations between HPA and Swiss‐Prot at multiple levels, as well as variation of protein locations across cell lines and tissues. Our results show that annotations of these two databases differ significantly in many cases, leading to proposed procedures for deriving and integrating the protein subcellular location data. We also find that proteins having highly variable locations are more likely to be biomarkers of diseases, providing support for incorporating analysis of subcellular location in protein biomarker identification and screening.
The Undervalued Avenue to Reinstate Tumor Suppressor Functionality of the p53 Protein Family for Improved Cancer Therapy-Drug Repurposing

Simple Summary Tackling the current dilemmas of cancer care, namely, financial and systemic burdens, is challenging. One way to address this challenge is to apply drug repurposing. Drug repurposing uses existing drugs for new medical indications like oncology. In drug repurposing, all clinical data is already in place, enabling fast translation into clinical applications. This review delineates the role of p53 and p73 as critical tumor suppressors and provides a comprehensive overview of drug repurposing avenues to reinstate the function of p53 proteins for cancer therapy. Abstract p53 and p73 are critical tumor suppressors that are often inactivated in human cancers through various mechanisms. Owing to their high structural homology, the proteins have many joined functions and recognize the same set of genes involved in apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. p53 is known as the ‘guardian of the genome’ and together with p73 forms a barrier against cancer development and progression. The TP53 is mutated in more than 50% of all human cancers and the germline mutations in TP53 predispose to the early onset of multiple tumors in Li–Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), the inherited cancer predisposition. In cancers where TP53 gene is intact, p53 is degraded. Despite the ongoing efforts, the treatment of cancers remains challenging. This is due to late diagnoses, the toxicity of the current standard of care and marginal benefit of newly approved therapies. Presently, the endeavors focus on reactivating p53 exclusively, neglecting the potential of the restoration of p73 protein for cancer eradication. Taken that several small molecules reactivating p53 failed in clinical trials, there is a need to develop new treatments targeting p53 proteins in cancer. This review outlines the most advanced strategies to reactivate p53 and p73 and describes drug repurposing approaches for the efficient reinstatement of the p53 proteins for cancer therapy.
Nondestructive Acoustic Testing of Ceramic Capacitors Using One-Class Support Vector Machine With Automated Hyperparameter Selection

The energy transition and electrification across many industries place increasingly more weight on the reliability of power electronics. A significant fraction of breakdowns in electronic devices result from capacitor failures. Multilayer ceramic capacitors, the most common capacitor type, are especially prone to mechanical damage, for instance, during the assembly of a printed circuit board. Such damage may dramatically shorten the life span of the component, eventually resulting in failure of the entire electronic device. Unfortunately, current electrical production line testing methods are often unable to reveal these types of damage. While recent studies have shown that acoustic measurements can provide information about the structural condition of a capacitor, reliable detection of damage from acoustic signals remains difficult. Although supervised machine learning classifiers have been proposed as a solution, they require a large training data set containing manually inspected damaged and intact capacitor samples. In this work, acoustic identification of damaged capacitors is demonstrated without a manually labeled data set. Accurate and robust classification is achieved by using a one-class support vector machine, a machine learning model trained solely on intact capacitors. Furthermore, a new algorithm for optimizing the classification performance of the model is presented. By the proposed approach, acoustic testing can be generalized to various capacitor sizes, making it a potential tool for production line testing.
Post-stress bacterial cell death mediated by reactive oxygen species

Significance Death, one of the most important events for all organisms, is thought to derive from a variety of lethal assaults. The discovery of a general, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent mechanism that contributes to killing by diverse stressors was surprising. The finding that ROS levels continue to surge and kill bacteria even after removal of the initiating stressor adds a new dimension to stress-mediated lethality, demonstrating that the ROS surge is self-amplifying. Once an ROS threshold is exceeded, the death process becomes self-driven (i.e., self-sustainable). In addition to providing a new way to think about the response of bacterial populations to lethal stress, our findings encourage efforts to target oxidative stress pathways as adjuncts of antimicrobial therapy that will increase lethality and help restrict the emergence of resistance. Antimicrobial efficacy, which is central to many aspects of medicine, is being rapidly eroded by bacterial resistance. Since new resistance can be induced by antimicrobial action, highly lethal agents that rapidly reduce bacterial burden during infection should help restrict the emergence of resistance. To improve lethal activity, recent work has focused on toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) as part of the bactericidal activity of diverse antimicrobials. We report that when Escherichia coli was subjected to antimicrobial stress and the stressor was subsequently removed, both ROS accumulation and cell death continued to occur. Blocking ROS accumulation by exogenous mitigating agents slowed or inhibited poststressor death. Similar results were obtained with a temperature-sensitive mutational inhibition of DNA replication. Thus, bacteria exposed to lethal stressors may not die during treatment, as has long been thought; instead, death can occur after plating on drug-free agar due to poststress ROS-mediated toxicity. Examples are described in which (i) primary stress-mediated damage was insufficient to kill bacteria due to repair; (ii) ROS overcame repair (i.e., protection from anti-ROS agents was reduced by repair deficiencies); and (iii) killing was reduced by anti-oxidative stress genes acting before stress exposure. Enzymatic suppression of poststress ROS-mediated lethality by exogenous catalase supports a causal rather than a coincidental role for ROS in stress-mediated lethality, thereby countering challenges to ROS involvement in antimicrobial killing. We conclude that for a variety of stressors, lethal action derives, at least in part, from stimulation of a self-amplifying accumulation of ROS that overwhelms the repair of primary damage.