Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Special are Teachers of Specialized Schools? Assessing Self-Confidence Levels in the Technology Domain

Background:This study investigates whether specialized high school mathematics teachers, chosen to educate selected students, are mentally ready to integrate Fatih project technologies into their teaching.Materials and methods:Forty mathematics teachers from randomly selected specialized and general high schools in Ankara responded to a survey comprising 31 items grouped under four measures of self-confidence in the technology domain.Results:An independent t-test revealed no statistically significant difference between specialized and general high school teachers’ self-confidence levels.Conclusions:We conclude that technological pedagogical content knowledge can be an essential criterion for selecting specialized school teachers, who educate the country’s future innovators.
Re-viewing the museum visitors view

Eye movements are not only important in research on natural human behaviour but also in research on mobile learning. We specify what mobile eye tracking can tell us about learning on the move. Potentials and constraints of mobile eye tracking as methodological approach for research on mobile learning are discussed. Exemplary data from our study are presented in which a small sample of visitors explored a museum exhibition with a mobile eye tracker. We argue that mobile eye tracking is a powerful data collecting method in research on mobile learning despite some limitations. 1. Mobile eye tracking in research on mobile learning Why are eye movements interesting for mobile learning? “Eye movements provide an unobtrusive, sensitive, real-time behavioural index of ongoing visual and cognitive processing” (Henderson, 2003, p. 498). Most daily tasks involve visual input and people typically look at objects to acquire information. Thus, eye movements are not only important for research on natural human behaviour but especially on (mobile) learning. 1.1 History Research on eye movements dates back to the early 20 century. It focused on scene perception and reading (for an extensive review see Rayner, 1998). Eye tracking was used only for the limited purpose of laboratory studies. Only in recent years researchers addressed more complex, daily activities in natural environment (e.g., Land & Hayhoe, 2001). This was enabled through the development of light-weight, mobile eye tracking technologies (Pelz et al., 2000).
Recent Advances in Nanovaccines Using Biomimetic Immunomodulatory Materials

The development of vaccines plays a vital role in the effective control of several fatal diseases. However, effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines have yet to be developed for completely curing deadly diseases, such as cancer, malaria, HIV, and serious microbial infections. Thus, suitable vaccine candidates need to be designed to elicit appropriate immune responses. Nanotechnology has been found to play a unique role in the design of vaccines, providing them with enhanced specificity and potency. Nano-scaled materials, such as virus-like particles, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), and protein NPs, have received considerable attention over the past decade as potential carriers for the delivery of vaccine antigens and adjuvants, due to their beneficial advantages, like improved antigen stability, targeted delivery, and long-time release, for which antigens/adjuvants are either encapsulated within, or decorated on, the NP surface. Flexibility in the design of nanomedicine allows for the programming of immune responses, thereby addressing the many challenges encountered in vaccine development. Biomimetic NPs have emerged as innovative natural mimicking biosystems that can be used for a wide range of biomedical applications. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in biomimetic nanovaccines, and their use in anti-bacterial therapy, anti-HIV therapy, anti-malarial therapy, anti-melittin therapy, and anti-tumor immunity.
Proteocephalus filicollis (Rudolphi, 1802) and Proteocephalus ambiguus (Dujardin, 1845), Two Hitherto Confused Species of Cestodes

Several kinds of data were collected from worms belonging to the genus Proteocephalus, living in the intestines of Pygosteus pungitius and Gasterosteus aculeatus. a. Morphological data. When we compare the morphological characteristics of worms from the two hosts we find small differences in those characteristics commonly used in the descriptions of species of the genus Proteocephalus. Regularly differences of the same magnitude are used to separate species. b. Experimental infections show that a high degree of host specificity exists in worms from the two hosts. It is impossible to cultivate worms originally coming from one host species in the intestine of the other. These experimental infections were carried out either by feeding intermediate hosts carrying plerocercoids to fishes free of infection, or by collecting worms from the intestine of one fish and introducing them into the intestine of another fish. Experimental infections of alien hosts failed whereas infections of the proper host, carried out as controls, always were successful. c. Mixed populations of Gasterosteus and Pygosteus living in a small closed canal system gave additional data indicating the existence of a high degree of host specificity. Throughout the year Gasterosteus showed no infection at all whereas Pygosteus was “normally” infested. d. Monthly dissections of Pygosteus showed that in Proteocephalus living in this fish species no seasonal cycle exists similar to that found by Hopkins in Proteocephalus from Gasterosteus. The stages of development of Proteocephalus collected during the dissections of Gasterosteus correspond with Hopkins' seasonal cycle. e. As a result of these observations it is proposed to consider the worms from Pygosteus as belonging to a distinct species. Since Dujardin was the first to describe worms belonging to the genus Proteocephalus and living in the intestine of Pygosteus as Proteocephalus ambiguus (Dujardin, 1845) this obviously ought to be the name of the species involved. The use of the name P. filicollis (Rudolphi, 1802) is restricted to material from Gasterosteus.
Chapter 7: Duality

2 T-duality and the nature of space in string theory 7 2.1 Interpretive questions . 8 2.2 Interpretation: physical equivalence? 13 2.3 Interpretation: the meaning of physical equivalence . 17 2.4 Interpretation: factual or indeterminate geometry? 20
Chitosan and Chitin Deacetylase Activity Are Necessary for Development and Virulence of Ustilago maydis

The basidiomycete Ustilago maydis causes smut disease in maize, causing substantial losses in world corn production. This nonobligate pathogen penetrates the plant cell wall with the help of appressoria and then establishes an extensive biotrophic interaction, where the hyphae are tightly encased by the plant plasma membrane. ABSTRACT The biotrophic fungus Ustilago maydis harbors a chitin deacetylase (CDA) family of six active genes as well as one pseudogene which are differentially expressed during colonization. This includes one secreted soluble CDA (Cda4) and five putatively glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored CDAs, of which Cda7 belongs to a new class of fungal CDAs. Here, we provide a comprehensive functional study of the entire family. While budding cells of U. maydis showed a discrete pattern of chitosan staining, biotrophic hyphae appeared surrounded by a chitosan layer. We purified all six active CDAs and show their activity on different chitin substrates. Single as well as multiple cda mutants were generated and revealed a virulence defect for mutants lacking cda7. We implicated cda4 in production of the chitosan layer surrounding biotrophic hyphae and demonstrated that the loss of this layer does not reduce virulence. By combining different cda mutations, we detected redundancy as well as specific functions for certain CDAs. Specifically, certain combinations of mutations significantly affected virulence concomitantly with reduced adherence, appressorium formation, penetration, and activation of plant defenses. Attempts to inactivate all seven cda genes simultaneously were unsuccessful, and induced depletion of cda2 in a background lacking the other six cda genes illustrated an essential role of chitosan for cell wall integrity. IMPORTANCE The basidiomycete Ustilago maydis causes smut disease in maize, causing substantial losses in world corn production. This nonobligate pathogen penetrates the plant cell wall with the help of appressoria and then establishes an extensive biotrophic interaction, where the hyphae are tightly encased by the plant plasma membrane. For successful invasion and development in plant tissue, recognition of conserved fungal cell wall components such as chitin by the plant immune system needs to be avoided or suppressed. One strategy to achieve this lies in the modification of chitin to chitosan by chitin deacetylases (CDAs). U. maydis has seven cda genes. This study reveals discrete as well as redundant contributions of these genes to virulence as well as to cell wall integrity. Unexpectedly, the inactivation of all seven genes is not tolerated, revealing an essential role of chitosan for viability.
Psychological Responses According to Gender during the Early Stage of COVID-19 in Spain

Background: Current research has pointed out an increased risk of mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic in women compared to men, however the reason for this difference remains unclear. The aim of this research is to study early psychological responses to the pandemic in the Spanish general population, focusing on gender differences. Methods: Nine to 14 days after the declaration of a state of emergency an online survey was conducted assessing sociodemographic, health, behavioral and COVID-19-related variables. Mental health status was evaluated by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the Self-Care Scale (SCS). Results: The study included 3520 respondents: 2611 women and 909 men. Women scored significantly higher in DASS-21 and IES-R (p < 0.05) and were more likely to somatize, suffer from hypochondriasis, sleeping disturbances and claustrophobia (p < 0.05). Being a woman can be considered a risk factor for intrusive thoughts, avoidance mechanisms, stress and anxiety (Odd Ratio = 2.7/2.3/2.3/1.6). The risk of presenting posttraumatic symptoms and emotional distress was greater in women (Odd Ratio = 6.77/4.59). General linear models to predict IES-R and DASS-21 scores clarified which variables were gender specific, such as main concerns. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that at early stages of the pandemic, women mental health was more impacted and that both genders show different concerns. Gender perspective in secondary and tertiary prevention strategies must be taken into account when facing the distress associated with the pandemic.
Semantics for Automatic Differentiation Towards Probabilistic Programming Literature Review and Dissertation Proposal

3 Literature review: Beyond Automatic Differentiation 7 3.1 Idea . 7 3.2 Some common changes to the Gradient Descent algorithm . 7 3.2. 1 Adding a momentum term . 8 3.2. 2 Varying the learning rate . 8 3.2. 3 Stochastic Gradient Descent . 9 3.3 Variational inference . 9 3.4 Probabilistic Programming . 9
Second-trimester abdominal circumference discordance and adverse perinatal outcomes in monochorionic twins

Abstract Objective The perinatal outcomes in second-trimester abdominal circumference (AC) discordant twins are yet to be established. The aim of this study was to ascertain perinatal risks associated with second-trimester AC discordance in monochorionic (MC) twins. Method We conducted a retrospective study of all MC twin pregnancies over a 7-year period. Intertwin AC discordance at 14–26 gestational weeks was analyzed in relation to Doppler abnormalities, obstetric complications, and perinatal adverse outcomes. Results A total of 246 MC twin pregnancies were included in the analysis. The smaller twins of second-trimester AC discordant pairs were at increased prevalence of abnormal umbilical artery flow (50% versus 24%, p < .001) and low positive A wave of ductus venous flow (24% versus 9%, p = .002). The second-trimester AC discordant twins were at increased risk of oligohydramnios in smaller twin (OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.37–4.32, p < .01), cardiomegaly in larger twin (OR = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.01–8.60, p < .05), birth weight of either twin below the 10th percentile for gestational age (OR = 5.56, 95% CI = 2.67–11.59, p < .001), birth weight discordance > 25% (OR = 9.41, 95% CI = 4.46–19.87, p < .001), IUFD (OR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.76–6.05, p < .001), and severe neonatal morbidity (OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.03–3.26, p < .05). The intact survival rate in discordant and concordant twin pairs was 70% and 89%, respectively (p < .001). Conclusions Early and increase fetal surveillance of the second-trimester AC discordant twins should be utilized to establish perinatal risks, thus allowing prenatal care to improve.
Searching for legible city form: Kevin Lynch's theory in contemporary perspective

meeting human needs and expectations. Numerous theoretical and design works have made attempts to create an ideal, or at least optimal built environment for human beings. Undertaken with the same purpose in mind, the attempts, characteristically, represent diverse, and sometimes completely different approaches, depending on ideology, fashion, conceptions, and levels of technological, civil, and social development. (Such attempts stretch back from the times of Vitruvius, via the “Ideal Cities” of the Renaissance; Scamozzi’s, Vasari’s, Filarete’s, etc., via the Enlightenment; C. N. Ledoux’s and E. L. Boulee’s projects, up to the twentieth century; Howard’s “Garden City,” Sant Elia’s “Citta Nuova,” Garnier’s “Cite Industrielle,” Le Corbusier’s “City of Tomorrow,” and very many others.) Nevertheless, most of the concepts almost entirely eliminated man as an individual who perceives and experiences space. In reality, ideas about how to make the human environment better assumed the form of a utopia; however, their implementations often turned harmful. The concept of architectural design based on projections and standards, as well as planned resentment of tradition and humanistic values,
Exploring Compute-in-Memory Architecture Granularity for Structured Pruning of Neural Networks

Compute-in-Memory (CIM) implemented with Resistive-Random-Access-Memory (RRAM) crossbars is a promising approach for Deep Neural Network (DNN) acceleration. As the DNN size continues to grow, the finite on-chip weight storage has become a challenge for CIM implementations. Pruning can reduce network size, but unstructured pruning is not compatible with CIM, while structured pruning leads to higher neural network accuracy drop. In this work we systematically evaluate how structured pruning can be efficiently implemented in CIM systems. We show that by utilizing the inherent computational granularity in CIM operations, fine-grained structured pruning can be supported with improved accuracy and minimal hardware cost. We discuss the hardware implementation in a practical system and the expected performance in terms of accuracy, energy and effective throughput. With the proposed approach, compression ratio up to 11.1 (i.e. 9% weights remaining) can be achieved with only 0.6% accuracy drop with minimal hardware overhead in the hardware design.
Verification and Evaluation of a Passive Intensity Modulation Device for Bolus Conformal Therapy

vi
Developing Open-Source Scientific Practice *

3 Routine practice 8 3.1 Version control . 8 3.2 Execution automation . 10 3.3 Testing . 10 3.4 Readability . 11 3.5 Infrastructure . 13
Is oxygen an essential nutrient?

T HE C HALLENGE . 383 THE S OURC ES OF OXYGEN . 384 T HE UNIQ UEN ESS OF OXYGEN . 386 NUT RITI ONAL REQ UI REMENTS AND T HE BALANC E OF OXYGEN UPT AK E 387 Oxygen as a Gaseous Nutrient . 387 The Delivery of Oxygen . 389 Meeting the Demand for Oxygen. 390 OXYGENREACT IN G ENZYMES . 391 Cytochrome Oxidase . 392 Cytochrome P450s . 393 Other Oxygen-Reacting Enzymes . 395 NUTRITI ON AL D IS EAS ES 395 Malnutrition or the Limitation of Oxygen Supplied To Tissues . 395 Overnutrition or Oversupply of Oxygen to Cells . 397 T HE OXYGEN P ARAD OX . 398 C ONC LUDIN G REMARKS . 398
Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identifies specific modules and hub genes related to subsyndromal symptomatic depression

Abstract Objectives: The identification of the potential molecule targets for subsyndromal symptomatic depression (SSD) is critical for improving the effective clinical treatment on the mental illness. In the current study, we mined the genome-wide expression profiling and investigated the novel biological pathways associated with SSD. Methods: Expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analysed with microarrays of blood tissue cohort of eight SSD patients and eight healthy subjects. The gene co-expression is calculated by WGCNA, an R package software. The function of the genes was annotated by gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Results: We identified 11 modules from the 9,427 DEGs. Three co-expression modules (blue, cyan and red) showed striking correlation with the phenotypic trait between SSD and healthy controls. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that the function of these three modules was enriched with the pathway of inflammatory response and type II diabetes mellitus. Finally, three hub genes, NT5DC1, SGSM2 and MYCBP, were identified from the blue module as significant genes. Conclusions: This first blood gene expression study in SSD observed distinct patterns between cases and controls which may provide novel insight into understanding the molecular mechanisms of SSD.
Factors Influencing Variation in Value and Investor Confidence

The valuation profession is critical for the property market in emerging markets. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that cause discrepancies in the actual value stated in valuation report. This paper included Thailand and Malaysia as representative of valuation professionals in Asian counties to perceive the effective use of valuation standards, methodologies, and processes. The commitment to ethical conduct also addressed. A comprehensive review of previous studies related to standards, process and ethical conduct of valuers in several counties were presented. The findings contribute to the perceived of importance factors which significantly affect the decrease in variation in value and increase in investor confidence. Regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses; the two dependent variables were tested including the Variation in Actual Valuation and Investor Confidence. The valuation is the most important document in the loan process. Banks require valuation for the collateral customers offer for loans. Valuation is also required for tax assessments, when the government acquires private property for public use, appraising the assets of publicly listed companies, or when financial institutions evaluate non-performing loans (NPLs). During the Asian Financial crisis in 2008, ineffective valuation practices were readily apparent. Money was lent based on grossly overvalued collateral. This exemplifies the need for professional valuation practices and an ethical approach to the behavior of valuers. This limitation resulted in improper practices in the valuation of the property sector (Brett 2010). According to Rothacker (2008) banks were pressured valuers to inflate the value of homes. This allowed lenders to offer larger loans. Price estimates were further influenced by client pressure to inflate or reduce the actual price. The main problems of valuation are gaps in the valuation process which negatively impact investor confidence, ethical issues, and the lack of enforcement of standards which reduces the effectiveness of the valuation process in Asian countries. However, Thailand and Malaysia were selected as representative countries in this study. The research problem focuses on several major issues which are: 1. The valuation industry is growing but the attention to standards and ethics is low. 2. Discrepancies in the actual valuation negatively impacts investor confidence 3. The unethical behavior of valuer that overstates the value of a property. 4. The law and its enforcement does not support professional standards This will determine the factors that impact on the variation in value and investor confidence of valuations in Thailand and Malaysia. The role of a property valuation law in valuation practice will be considered. Malaysia has established this law Thailand has not. Valuation Profession in Thailand
29 Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels

4 Molecular Structure . 545 4.1 a1 Subunit . 546 4.2 a2d Subunit . 547 4.3 b Subunit . 547 4.4 4.5 g Subunits . 547 Associated Proteins . 548
Energy Transactions in the Sheep I. The Basal Heat Production and Beat Increment

Lavoisier's observation that his colleague Seguin consumed more oxygenafter eating a meal (Seguin and Lavoisier 1789) revealed a fundamental physiologicalproblem which has not been satisfactorily solved. A little over half acentury after this, the discovery that carbon dioxide prod~ction increases undersimilar circumstances (Scharling 1843) rendered more simple the experimentalinvestigation of the phenomenon, and then only a few years elapsed before boththe basal metabolism and the increase in heat production which superveneson feeding were defined. Edward Smith, after observing the rate of elimination? 'of carbon dioxide by human subjects under a variety of conditions, concludedthat" . there is a normal (basal) level below which the system does not pass inhealth and wakefulness and which is tolerably uniform . in complete abstinencefrom food . " and he expressed the view that " . foodstuffs may fitly bedivided into two classes, viz. those which excite certain respiratory changes andthose which do not. " (Smith 1859a, 1859b.) .
Crossing the Bridge: GED Credentials and Postsecondary Educational Outcomes. Year One Report.

E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y . v i i
Psychotic exacerbation and emotional dampening in the daily life of patients with schizophrenia switched to aripiprazole therapy: a collection of standardized case reports

Background: Blockade of the dopamine D2 receptor is a key mechanism in the antipsychotic treatment of patients with a psychotic disorder, but may also induce emotional deficits. The partial D2 agonistic profile of aripiprazole has, therefore, been suggested to favor emotional wellbeing compared with the pure dopamine antagonistic properties of traditional antipsychotics. Method: The current study used the experience sampling method (a structured diary technique) to assess the effects of switching from treatment with traditional dopamine antagonist antipsychotics to treatment with the partial dopamine agonist aripiprazole on emotional wellbeing in the daily life of 13 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Results: More than half of all patients experienced exacerbation of psychotic symptoms after they had switched to the aripiprazole medication regime, consequently resulting in dropout of the study. Furthermore, switching to aripiprazole treatment, when effective in terms of symptom reduction, was accompanied by decreased feelings of both positive and negative affect in daily life, suggestive of a general state of emotional dampening. Conclusions: Although the scale of the current study and the 54% dropout rate call for careful interpretation of the data, implementation of ecological monitoring in psychopharmacological research may open up new avenues for untangling the working mechanisms of compounds with regard to their impact on mental states.
COCOA Summer School 1999 Eight Lectures on Monomial Ideals

0 Basics 4 0.1 Z-grading . 4 0.2 Monomial matrices . 5 0.3 Complexes and resolutions . 6 0.4 Hilbert series . 7 0.5 Simplicial complexes and homology . 8 0.6 Irreducible decomposition . 10