Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mineral insulating oil in transformers

Nearly all load bearing transformers in electric power delivery systems around the world are filled with liquid. The liquid functions both as an electrical insulation and as a heat transfer fluid. The liquid in almost all of these units is transformer oil, petroleum-based insulating oil refined specifically to meet the requirements of this application. Transformers in electric power distribution and transmission systems are expected to function reliably and efficiently and to do this for many years. The quality of the oil in a transformer plays an important role in performing this function, and the characteristics of transformer oil have been examined and reported on for decades. This article discusses some of these characteristics and the relationships between these characteristics and the production and in-service performance of mineral transformer oil. Transformer oil is used around the world, but the emphasis here is on practices in the United States.
Vibration Analysis and Direct Control of XY Table Automated Assembly Machines

XY table automated assembly machines ensure time saving and quality improving in the electronics industry. Recently, due to the need of higher operation speeds and lighter machines in PCB (Printed Circuit Board) assembly, a challenging problem has arisen which is the table positioning vibration. The high speed with the machine flexibility, make the positioning vibration inevitable although the inner control. The positioning vibration is to be reduced otherwise the machine becomes useless. Firstly, the machine is modeled, the positioning vibration is formulated, and then analyzed. Secondly, using the analysis, three direct control methods are identified to decrease the positioning vibration, they are based on the kinematics, dynamics, and operation of the machine. Thirdly, the methods are examined numerically to evaluate their efficiency. Lastly, the identified methods are discussed to conclude on their application. The results are a real contribution in the vibration control of XY table automated assembly machines, which is classified as industrial knowhow.
Subtyping meconium protease activities which degrade lung protective angiotensin converting enzyme-2 in human lung cells

Purpose: Meconium pneumonitis occurs due to local lung injury and inflammation in newborn with meconium aspiration. The activation of Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) plays critical role in lung injury. Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE 2) functions as a negative regulator of the angiotensin system by converting pro-apoptotic Angiotensin II to anti-apoptotic Angiotensin 1-7. Our previous study has shown that meconium causes degradation of lung protective ACE-2 by proteolytic enzymes present in meconium. However, the specific proteases in meconium that degrade ACE-2 have not yet been identified. Objective: To begin characterizing ACE-2-degrading proteases in meconium through the use of different subtypes of protease inhibitors. Methods: Alveolar epithelial A549 cells were exposed to F-12 medium, 2.5% meconium and meconium + specific protease inhibitors (PIs). Specific PIs used included chymostatin, AEBSF(Pefobloc) and leupeptin. At the end of incubation, cell lysates were collected for ACE-2 immunoblotting and enzyme activity. Results: Reduction of ACE-2 immunoreactive 100-115 kDa bands or enzymatic activity by meconium was attenuated by treatment with chymostatin, but not with the other the PIs. These data suggest the involvement of cysteine-like proteases in meconium in ACE-2 degradation, and suggest a potential therapeutic strategy of PI administration to babies aspirating meconium.
Optimal FIR inversion filters for an arbitrary subband decomposition of a bandlimited signal

The authors consider the optimal reconstruction of a discrete-time, bandlimited signal from an arbitrary invertible subband decomposition, with decimation in each channel. When this reconstruction is done sequentially using only a finite amount of data at a time, it can be performed with a multirate FIR (finite impulse response) synthesis filter bank. The authors provide a procedure to obtain an optimal set of FIR filters to achieve such a reconstruction. The procedure can incorporate frequency support (bandwidth) a priori information about the input to produce the best possible reconstruction. Examples are provided to illustrate the resulting FIR filters, with and without the use of bandwidth information, for a two-channel system involving IIR (infinite impulse response) analysis filters. <<ETX>>
Probabilistic Life Cycle Cost Model for Repairable System

Traditionally, Life cycle cost (LCC) has been predicted in a deterministic approach, however; this method is not capable to consider the uncertainties in the input variables. In this paper, a probabilistic approach using Adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is proposed to estimate the LCC of repairable systems. The developed model could handle the uncertainties of input variables in the estimation of LCC. The numerical analysis shows that the acquisition and downtime cost could have a high effect towards the LCC compared to repair cost. The developed model could also provide more precise quantitative information for decision making process.
Tracking ground targets with road constraints using an IMM estimator

This paper presents the development of a tracker based on the Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) estimation algorithm for tracking groups of ground targets using Moving Target Indicator (MTI) reports obtained from an airborne sensor. The targets are moving along a constrained path, for example, a highway, with varying obscuration due to changing terrain conditions. In addition, the roads on which the targets travel can branch, merge, or cross. This constrained motion estimation problem is handled using an IMM estimator with varying mode sets depending on the topography. The design and implementation of the topography based Variable Structure IMM (VS-IMM) estimator is described. Simulation results are also presented.
COMPUTATION OF BUOY MOORING CHAIN WEAR

The majority of floating AtoN maintained by the U.S. Coast Guard are affixed to the sea bed through use of a chain and a large concrete block also known as a sinker. As a buoy moves through a wave cycle, the buoy chain also moves. This movement causes friction between the links known as interlink wear, but it also results in wear from the surrounding environment. A mooring chain is characterized into three different sections, the riser, chafe and bottom. The chafe section of chain is where most of the wear is found and more often than not, the reason a buoy must be serviced on a regular basis. This thesis will focus on the interlink wear within the chafe section of the chain on a U.S. Coast Guard navigational buoy mooring. With the total motion of the chain, chain size and material type are known, tribology was used to determine the wear rate of the chain. Since determining the wear rate analytically would be very difficult, empirical based testing was used. An experiment using AISI 1022 hot rolled steel chain, a variable speed motor and various parts was constructed. The device moved the chain in a set vertical direction along a slide resulting in a simulated regular wave motion. Stops at different time intervals were made to measure chain weight and interlink wear. This data was plotted and a curve constant, K, was determined as a function of time which would be used in the program. The experimental results were compared to tabulated and analytical results to find that there was not much variation between each result. Pi parameter regressions were used to help with scaling results to different materials and chain dimensions. A MATLAB based computer program was written to predict when a buoy mooring would require servicing through a chain wear algorithm which will optimize buoy mooring service intervals and reducing cost to maintain each aid. The program was found to estimate chain wear within 2 percent of observed on in service buoys.
Design Tables for a Class of Optimum Microwave Bandstop Filters (Correspondence)

Element value tables for optimum microwave bandstop filters consisting of quarter-wave spaced shunt open-circuited stubs are given. Both the stubs and the connecting unit elements contribute to the attenuation response. The tables give element values for 0.01dB, 0.10 dB, and 0.25 dB ripple Chebyshev designs with up to twenty-three elements, and for bandwidths between 30 percent and 150 percent.
The learning of a sequence of visual patterns by the ant Cataglyphis cursor

We used a maze to explore the ability of Cataglyphis cursor to store multiple visual patterns presented in a fixed sequence. Ants were trained individually to negotiate a linear maze that consisted of four boxes connected by tunnels and through which an ant travelled from a sucrose feeder back to its nest. Each box had one entrance and two possible exits. One exit led to a blocked tunnel and the other to an open tunnel leading to the entrance of the next box. The open and closed exits in each box were labelled by different solid, black shapes that were specific to each box. Ants learnt to negotiate the maze using the shapes for guidance rather than a fixed motor strategy. Trained ants could not only discriminate positive from negative shapes, but had also learnt which positive shape belonged to which box. For example, when the positive shape appropriate to box 1 (1+) was pitted against that appropriate to box 3 (3+), ants preferred 1+ to 3+ in box 1, but chose 3+ over 1+ in box 3. We conclude that ants can identify individual positive shapes and expect to encounter them in the correct order independently of extra-maze cues.
Authentication of Product & Counterfeits Elimination Using Blockchain

-Blockchain technologies have gained interest over the last years. While the most explored use case is financial transactions, it has the capability to agitate other markets. Blockchain remove the need for trusted intermediaries, can facilitate faster transactions and add more transparency. This paper explores the possibility to deflate counterfeit using blockchain technology. This paper provides an overview of different solutions in the anti-counterfeit area, different blockchain technologies and what characteristics make blockchain especially interesting for the use case. We have developed three different concepts and the expansion of an existing system concept, is pursued further. It is shown, that reducing counterfeits cannot be achieved by using technological means only. Increasing awareness, fighting counterfeiters on a legal level, a good alert system, and having tamper-proof packaging are all important aspects. These factors combined with blockchain technology can lead to an efficient and comprehensive approach to reduce counterfeiting
Making the Most of Transnational Lists: Electoral Equality at EU Level Through Proportional Compensation

The introduction of transnational lists is one of the most prominent approaches for a reform of the European electoral law (see Verger 2018, Diaz Crego 2021, with many other examples). The proposal goes back to the 1990s and was discussed several times in the European Parliament (EP), in particular in the debate on the so-called Duff Report (Duff 2012). In the context of the United Kingdom’s exit from the EU, the idea was raised again by French President Emmanuel Macron (2017) and supported by several other member states’ governments. Various options are being discussed for certain design aspects – for example regarding the size of the transnational seat contingent, the use of preferential votes, etc. (Müller 2020, Diaz Crego 2021: 23–31). Although the proposal has so far failed to achieve the necessary majority in the EP and unanimity in the Council, the political debate around it remains lively. Currently, transnational lists are one of the ideas that have received most endorsements on the digital platform of the Conference on the Future of Europe (Kantar Public 2021: 62) and play a central role in the Draft Report on electoral reform that is currently discussed in the EP (Ruiz Devesa 2021).
Novel ′′buried‐on‐wall′′ 900 MHz cavity‐backed slot antenna with circular polarization

We propose a circularly polarized cavity‐backed slot (CBS) antenna which is composed of two symmetrically placed L‐shaped slots on a 150 × 100 mm2 ground plane (back side) and fed by a microstrip network on the opposite plane (front side). A metal cavity is placed at the back side to reduce the effect caused by the wall behind the antenna and enhance the radiation on the front side; in this way it is suitable to be “buried‐on‐wall. ” Simulation results of the return loss, radiation patterns, axial ratios, and gain are presented. The antenna was fabricated on FR‐4 substrate and the measured return loss agrees well with the simulated one. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 3169–3172, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22969
Development of a Drug Early Warning Scoring Model for Cardiac Arrest Using Deep Learning Methods

Background: In most of Taiwan’s medical institutions, congestion is a serious problem for emergency departments. Due to a lack of hospital beds, patients spend more time in emergency retention zones, which make it difficult to detect cardiac arrest. Objective: We seek to develop a Drug Early Warning Scoring Model (DEWSM), including drug injections and vital signs as these research important features. We use it to predict cardiac arrest in emergency departments via drug classification and medical experts’ suggestion. Methods: We propose this new model for detecting cardiac arrest via drug classification and by using a sliding window, and apply learning-based algorithms to time-series data for a DEWSM. To evaluate the proposed model, we use the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Results: We identify the two important drug predictors: bits (intravenous therapy), and replenishers and regulators of water and electrolytes (fluid and electrolyte supplement) . We verify feature selection, in which accounting for drugs to improve the accuracy and demonstrate that thus accounting for the drugs significantly affects prediction. Also, we show that CPR events can be predicted four hours before the event. Conclusion: Our study used a sliding window to account for dynamic time-series data consisting of the patient’s vital signs and drug injections. The experimental results of adding the drug injections were better than only vital signs. In addition, we using LSTM method as the main processing time series data, it was the bases for comparison of this research
Place and Importance of Private Tutoring in Turkish Education System; Recent Discussions and Alternative Solution Proposals

Within Turkish educational sytem growing each passing year up to now, the private tutoring system that has been benefited by almost every sector of society from the past to the present, has always been discussed in all assets. Faced with the danger of closing before, these institutions are now on the agenda with the closure again. Private courses are the institutions providing education in a wide range from elementary students to college students, even college graduates, foreign languages, computer training courses, etc. in our country can be opened with the permission of Ministry of National Education (MEB). We need to investigate the revealing reasons of these institutions serving a broad range of education and why they are so preferred rather than discussing their closure or conversion. In this study, the reasons for the demand for private courses, historical development, some examples in the world, positive and negative criticisms directed at these institutions are eveluated in the theoretical framework, suggestions on our education system and the closure process are made, as an alternative charter school model is presented in general outline.
Bearing Capacity of Floating Ice Covers: Theory versus Fact

Various criteria have been advanced to describe and predict the conditions under which a load will break through a floating ice cover. As a rule, the experimental basis for each of these criteria has been limited, and a comprehensive performance evaluation has yet to be carried out. Criteria based on stress, strain, deflection, and strain energy are discussed first, in conjunction with the viscoelastic nature of ice and the mode of failure of an ice sheet. Five data sets are then described and utilized to test and compare the performance of failure criteria that have been proposed in the literature. Stress-based criteria, though simple to use, are only useful for very brief loading because they do not account for loading time and history. Strainand deflectionbased criteria are also subject to time and history effects. On the other hand, strain-energy criteria are found to apply equally well to shortand long-term loads of different histories. This feature is attributed to consideration of time and load-history effects through integration of the deflection–load variation.
Efficient optimization of integrated aerodynamic–structural design

The introduction of composite materials is having a profound effect on the design process. Because these materials permit the designer to tailor material properties to improve structural, aerodynamic and acoustic performance, they require a more integrated multidisciplinary design process. Because of the complexity of the design process numerical optimization methods are required. The present paper is focused on a major difficulty associated with the multidisciplinary design optimization process - its enormous computational cost. We consider two approaches for reducing this computational burden: (1) development of efficient methods for cross-sensitivity calculation using perturbation methods; and (2) the use of approximate numerical optimization procedures. Our efforts are concentrated upon combined aerodynamic-structural optimization. Results are presented for the integrated design of a sailplane wing. The impact of our computational procedures on the computational costs of integrated costs of integrated designs are discussed.
Feedback use in formative assessment – are academics practising what they preach?

Context The changing nature of higher education given the recent period of massification has spurred an increase in research into formative assessment methods as a tool to support learning and encourage student self-reflection. This changing nature of higher education has resulted in larger classes and more diverse populations (Yorke, 2005; Bartram & Bailey, 2010) causing educators to rethink the ways in which they assess their study bodies (Bartram & Bailey, 2010) to respond to raised expectations of assessment methods (Di Costa, 2010). Online formative assessment methods have grown popular as a ‘low-cost, reusable, customisable and scalable initiative’ (Armellini & Aiyegbayo, 2010) and although this approach carries a fixed overhead, it is better suited for a mass approach to higher education than more traditional methods (Yorke, 2005). With such a renewed focus on formative methods and assessment for learning, there are concerns over extent to which theory underpins the implementation of formative assessment in the classroom (Yorke, 2005; Pryor & Crossuoard, 2008; Taras, 2010; Ussher & Earl, 2010) and whether confusion exists in the understanding and use of formative assessment aims and methods (Taras, 2008, 2010; Wiliam, 2011).
Influence of infrastructure antenna location and positioning system availability to open-road C-V2X supported Automated Driving

— Automated driving has attracted enthusiasm worldwide with its potential to transform mobility and realize transport, economical and societal benefits. Gaining perspectives from previous V2X trials in 5G-Drive project, this paper is motivated to focus on two challenges encountered with LTE-V2X enabled automated driving: the impact of infrastructure antenna height in C-V2X supported automated driving and the influence of C-V2X in vehicle positioning, especially when satellite signals is unavailable. Two trials have been designed and performed in Finland, as an attempt to continue and examine the two LTE-V2X enabled automated driving use cases in previous V2X trials. The outcome shows C-V2X latency is affected when antenna height is low. Optimizing and configuring the antenna height is crucial in C-V2X enabled automated driving tests. Important lessons on RTK, Inertial and C-V2X enabled automated vehicle positioning are drawn from the trials, where the enhancement of C-V2X could be augmented by testing and strengthening the GNSS signals.
Integrative analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression in Schizophrenia

Genome-wide association studies have identified a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with Schizophrenia (SZ). Moreover, increasing body of evidence suggests a complex connection of SNPs and epigenetic regulation of gene expression, which, up to now, is not fully understood. Integrative analyses that use genetic data from multi-omics studies to detect DNA methylation sites associated with gene expression and SZ phenotype might constitute a major approach able to elucidate how SZ-associated SNPs affect the disease traits throughout genetic regulation of transcriptional output. To test this hypothesis we performed an exploratory integrative quantitative association analysis to obtain summary statistics data for SZ severity associated SNPs and methylation sites of 10 drug-näıve SZ cases. We firstly identified a significant SZ-associated SNP (adjusted P < 8×10−8), located on a non-coding region of chromosome 16 downstream a lncRNA gene (Long intergenic non-coding RNAs), a type of genes known for being dysregulated in SZ. At a less restrictive significant P (< 0.01), we found 341 common genes to significant SNP and CpG SZ-associated sites. We further investigate the association of these genes with a previous SZ-RNA sequencing study containing a set of 200 up and down regulated genes. 16 genes were identified as being differentially expressed in SZ. Remarkably, 3 of them (SHANK2, SGK1 and TCN2 ) had been previously described in the literature
TRANSONIC FILM-COOLING INVESTIGATIONS:EFFECTS OF HOLE SHAPES AND ORIENTATIONS

The emphasis of the present study is to understand the effects of various flowfield and geometrical parameters in the nearfield region of a scaled-up film-cooling hole on a flat test plate. The effect of these different parameters on adiabatic wall effectivenesses, heat transfer coefficients, discharge coefficients and the near-hole velocity field will be addressed. The geometrical parameters of concern include several angles of inclination and rotation of a cylindrical film-cooling hole and two different hole shapes — a fanshaped hole and a laidback fanshaped hole. The fluid dynamic parameters include both the internal and external Mach number as well as the mainstream-to-coolant ratios of total temperature, velocity, mass flux, and momentum flux. In particular, the interaction of a film-cooling jet being injected into a transonic mainstream will be studied.This paper includes a detailed description of the test rig design as well as the measuring techniques. Firstly, tests revealing the operability of the test rig will be discussed. Finally, an outlook of the comprehensive experimental and numerical program will be given.Copyright © 1996 by ASME