Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Focused Ultrasound Stimulation as a Neuromodulatory Tool for Parkinson’s Disease: A Scoping Review

Non-invasive focused ultrasound stimulation (FUS) is a non-ionising neuromodulatory technique that employs acoustic energy to acutely and reversibly modulate brain activity of deep-brain structures. It is currently being investigated as a potential novel treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD). This scoping review was carried out to map available evidence pertaining to the provision of FUS as a PD neuromodulatory tool. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews, a search was applied to Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials on 13 January 2022, with no limits applied. In total, 11 studies were included: 8 were from China and 1 each from Belgium, South Korea and Taiwan. All 11 studies were preclinical (6 in vivo, 2 in vitro, 2 mix of in vivo and in vitro and 1 in silico). The preclinical evidence indicates that FUS is safe and has beneficial neuromodulatory effects on motor behaviour in PD. FUS appears to have a therapeutic role in influencing the disease processes of PD, and therefore holds great promise as an attractive and powerful neuromodulatory tool for PD. Though these initial studies are encouraging, further study to understand the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms is required before FUS can be routinely used in PD.
Impacts of the psychological stress response on aggression in adolescents during the COVID-19 epidemic in China

The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has exerted a tremendous impact on the psyche of people around the world, especially adolescents. In order to provide a valuable theoretical basis for effective measures to prevent psychological problems in adolescents during public health emergencies in the future, this study examined the mediating effect of coping style (CS, including positive coping style (PCS) and negative coping style (NCS)) and the moderating effect of emotional management ability (EMA) on the relationship between the psychological stress response (PSR) and aggression (AGG) in adolescents during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. The Buss–Warren Aggression Questionnaire, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and Emotion Management Questionnaire were employed to investigate the mental health of Chinese adolescents from April 10–20 (Time point 1, T1) and May 20–30 (Time point 2, T2), 2020. A total of 1,931 adolescents (aged 10–25 years, M = 19.18 years, 51.4% male) were examined at T1 and 334 adolescents (aged 11–25 years, M = 19.97 years, 48.7% male) were reinvestigated at T2. Overall, 17.6% of the participants at T1 and 16.8% at T2 reported obvious PSR activation. NCS partly mediated the relationship between the PSR and AGG, and the indirect effect was moderated by EMA reported at T2. There were regional differences in the moderated mediation model in low-risk areas at T1. The moderated effects of EMA at T1 and T2 were opposite. Specifically, high EMA resulted in a stronger relationship between NCS and AGG at T1, whereas high EMA resulted in a weaker relationship between NCS and AGG at T2. Psychological reactions resulting from sudden public health events may trigger AGG in younger individuals. However, EMA may have a buffering effect on the onset of AGG. This research expands our understanding of the development of AGG in adolescents during the pandemic.
A note on symmetry reductions of the Lindblad equation: transport in constrained open spin chains

We study quantum transport properties of an open Heisenberg XXZ spin 1/2 chain driven by a pair of Lindblad jump operators satisfying a global ‘micro-canonical’ constraint, i.e. conserving the total magnetization. We will show that this system has an additional discrete symmetry that is specific to the Liouvillean description of the problem. Such symmetry reduces the dynamics even more than would be expected in the standard Hilbert space formalism and establishes existence of multiple steady states. Interestingly, numerical simulations of the XXZ model suggest that a pair of distinct non-equilibrium steady states becomes indistinguishable in the thermodynamic limit, and exhibit sub-diffusive spin transport in the easy-axis regime of anisotropy Δ > 1.
Tax competition, environmental regulation and high-quality economic development: An empirical test based on spatial Durbin model

Studying economic development in China is a very important topic recently because China's economy is moving toward high-quality development and local governments face the dilemma of environmental governance and economic development. To contribute to the literature in this area further, this paper assesses the impact of tax competition and environmental regulation on high-quality economic development through the spatial Durbin model and instrumental variable and by using the data from 278 prefecture-level and above cities from 2007 to 2017 in China. Our empirical analysis shows that tax competition inhibits high-quality economic development and a positive spatial spillover effect, environmental regulation has a significant direct promoting effect on high-quality economic development and a negative spatial spillover effect, and local government tax competition inhibits the promotion effect of environmental regulation on high-quality economic development. Further heterogeneity analysis conducted in our study shows that both the direct and spatial spillover effects of tax competition and environmental regulation on high-quality economic development in large and medium-sized cities are significantly lower than those in small cities. Our empirical analysis infers that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the promotion effect of environmental regulation on high-quality economic development and the synergistic effect with tax competition has become more and more significant. The findings in our paper are useful for both the central government and the local governments in making better decisions for economic development in China as well as in other countries.
Visuality and Parrēsia: Ai Weiwei’s countervisual re-enactment of Alan Kurdi’s image

Abstract As an intervention in the study of visuality and countervisuality (Mirzoeff 2011), underscoring its connection to democracy and parrēsia (Foucault 2010), this article examines Ai Weiwei’s re-enactment of Alan Kurdi’s image in 2016. The instant and expandable polemics that characterized the reception of the re-enactment built on the unethicalness – even blatant inappropriateness – of a celebrity’s appropriation of (the graphic representation of) a dead child’s body. Building on the role of the Chinese celebrity artist-activist as a public intellectual, this article advances a way to rethink the re-enactment beyond the idea of shock and away from controversy, analyzing it as an indictment of two interrelated ‘crises’: the European refugee ‘crisis’ and the inadequate response to the influx of refugees in 2015, and the ‘crisis’ of democracy more broadly, considering that respect for human rights is integral to democratic governance. To make a case for the re-enactment as a form of countervisuality, I deploy Barthes’s theorization on the punctum and studium of photographs. The contention is that Ai’s re-enactment of Nilüfer Demir’s photo – and the controversy surrounding it – actualizes the punctum and studium of the precursor image to function as a denunciation of the ‘crises’ of our present moment.
Exploring Headlines Using Sentiment Analysis and Word Embedding

News headlines accompany news stories across the majority of news transmission mediums, such as in the form of video titles and article headers. As news headlines tend to contain a condensed description of the contents of the accompanying story, we explore a collection of recent headlines regarding the Russo-Ukrainian War in an attempt to understand the differences in framing used in reporting a common event between cultures. To this end, we apply both frequency-based sentiment analysis techniques as well as word embedding and projection in order to visualize any potential distinctions. Our results suggest that there are measurable differences between Russian and Western news article headlines in terms of sentiment, in addition to apparent differences in framing strategies.
Radar-based Characteristics and Formation Environment of 2 Supercells in the Landfalling Typhoon Mujigae in 2015 3

5 6 1 School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Key Laboratory of 7 Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, and Southern Marine 8 Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China 9 2 Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking 10 University, Beijing 100871, China 11 3 Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, China Meteorological 12 Administration, Guangzhou 510640, China 13 4 Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong, China
Estimation of the Migration Impact on COVID-19 Dynamics in Slovakia by Machine Learning: Simulation Study during Russian War in Ukraine

COVID-19 has rapidly spread worldwide and has been a public health problem for more than two years. Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine launched on February 24, 2022, brought killings and injuries to Ukrainians and affected the spread of infectious diseases. The escalation of the war led to a migration crisis. Slovakia became one of the countries that accepted a large number of refugees. The study uses machine learning to assess the impact of refugees from Ukraine on the dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic process in Slovakia. To do this, a simulation model was built to predict new cases and deaths from COVID-19 a month before the escalation of the war and in the first month after. The high accuracy of modeling for both periods suggests that the forced migration of the Ukrainian population to Slovakia is not a decisive factor in the increase in the incidence of COVID-19 in the country.
The Discourses of the internet in China: Beyond Politicization

THE DISCOURSES OF THE INTERNET IN CHINA: BEYOND POLITICIZATION Jin Chen, MA Department of Communication Northern Illinois University, 2019 Mehdi Semati, Director This thesis addresses the politicization trend in the western scholarship of the Internet in China, and problematizes its dominant discourse, the Internet Freedom/Democracy discourse. To this end, it argues that the Internet Freedom discourse, which contributes to the Great Firewall myth, is inaccurate and inadequate to explain the complexity of the Internet in China. Furthermore, it argues that this discourse has not only been historically driven by economic and political interests of the West, but it also has served as a rhetoric to justify the continuation of the U.S. hegemony over the Internet in face of China’s economic rise. To support the argument, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is deployed to do the following: first, to examine major texts that are associated with the dominant discourse; second, to historicize the three major components of the discourse, which are the free flow of information, free expression, human rights; third, to examine the relationship between the dominant discourse and the post-colonial development discourse. The thesis argues that while the development discourse of the post-WW II focused on economic growth, Internet freedom discourse resorts to the values and ideology in a new context where the U.S. economy is perceived to be in decline. Both the dominant discourse and the development discourse are associated with western ideologies that legitimize intervention and domination over the rest of the world. Finally, the geo-politics of the Internet will be discussed to complete the analysis of power and hegemony. NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY DE KALB, ILLINOIS
Palaeogeographic reconstruction of the 1.55 Ma synchronous isolation of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, and Taiwan and inflow of the Kuroshio warm current

In the Quaternary, the Ryukyu Islands evolved from a continental margin arc to an island arc by backarc spreading of the Okinawa Trough, accompanied by subsidence and isolation of the islands, a process that has continued to the present. Trough-parallel half grabens were filled with marine siltstone. Similar sediments filling orthogonal fault-controlled and west-draining non-tectonic valleys record island separation. New Quaternary nannofossil biostratigraphic data date the deposition of the marine siltstone at 1.552 ± 0.154 Ma. At that time, the entire 1000 km-long island chain comprising the Ryukyu Islands separated from the Asian continent by rifting extending from the Okinawa Trough to the Tsushima Strait. The Tokara, Kerama, and Yonaguni gaps, branched or transverse rifts of the Okinawa Trough, separate the island chain into subgroups of the Osumi, Amami, Okinawa, and Yaeyama islands, and Taiwan. The shallow Taiwan Strait separated Taiwan from the Chinese mainland. The Kuroshio warm current that previously ran offshore of the continental margin arc began to enter the opening backarc basin through the Yonaguni gap and to exit through the Tokara gap, flowing along the axis of the Okinawa Trough. Under influence of the warm current and because of entrapment of continentally sourced detrital sediments by the Okinawa Trough, coral reefs formed around each island. These reefs make up a unit called the Ryukyu limestone. Subsidence continued through the deposition of this limestone, resulting in further isolation of each island. Some islands did not separate from the mainland but emerged above sea level later as a result of volcanic edifice construction or forearc uplift. Following initial isolation, the Japanese islands and Taiwan may have been connected to the mainland by land bridges during some sea level low stands related to glacial periods, whereas the other islands remained isolated. Based on ages of isolation of each island, a Quaternary palaeogeographic map and ‘phylogenetic tree’ of the islands can be drawn showing the separation time of each island from the mainland and from each other. This information should be useful for phylogenetic molecular biologists studying evolution of Ryukyu endemic species and vicariant speciation and could facilitate analysis of the DNA substitution rate.
The Shuilikeng fault in the central Taiwan mountain belt

For over 200 km along strike the Shuilikeng fault of Taiwan separates Miocene rocks of the Western Foothills from the largely Eocene and Oligocene rocks of the Hsuehshan Range to the east. Despite its importance in the Taiwan mountain belt, the structure and kinematics of the Shuilikeng fault are not well known. Here, we present results from new geological mapping along 100 km of its strike length. At the surface, the Shuilikeng fault is a steeply east-dipping brittle fault with a series of splays and bifurcations. Along its southern part, it cuts an earlier fold and fault system. Outcrop kinematic data vary widely, from thrusting to strike-slip. The surface data are integrated with a relocated and collapsed seismicity database to interpret the fault location at depth. These data indicate that the Shuilikeng fault can be traced to greater than 20 km depth. Some 260 focal mechanisms from this dataset indicate that its kinematics is overall transpressive. From a regional perspective, we interpret the Shuilikeng fault to reactivate a pre-existing rift-related basin-bounding fault to the east of which rocks in the Hsuehshan Range are being exhumed.
HOW TO ARCHITECT THE RURAL REGIONS INTO SMART SOCIETY

This research explains semantic publishing of information technology awareness in rural areas among electronic government readiness in Republic of Iraq. However, this paper will attempt at reviewing the literature that pertain to this topic in general. At the same time an attempt at reviewing three countries models in India, Brazil, and Taiwan will be made. This is so because, these countries are trying to develop and enhance Electronic Government (EG) project through a publish information system in rural areas of their various countries. This study explains and attempt at proposing a new project in Iraq. The proposal is towards publishing Information Technology (IT) over all governorates in the whole of Iraq. Its main objective is to publish IT in Iraq as a whole. Finally, it aims at decreasing the challenges and issues in different countries with regard to the aforementioned topic. This study will also benefits Iraq by getting to share experiences from other countries. The experiences acquired will help in overcoming the anticipated problems or barriers that may be encountered in the process of applying IT kiosks project in Iraq or any country. At present most developing countries around the world are not using IT kiosk in most of the rural areas, therefore this study is timely.
Destination Competitiveness: a Comparative Study of Hong Kong, Macau, and Singapore

This article presents a comparative study of the destination competitiveness of Hong Kong, Singapore, and Macau and those strategies developed to enhance their future positions in the global destination “marketplace. ” The methodology adopted is secondary in nature in that a critical review of the existing literature was conducted along with a synthesis of current practices across the three city-state destinations. The 15 Cs Framework provides the research parameters for the study in that it advocates an inclusive approach to those challenges and opportunities facing destinations as they seek to enhance their overall competitiveness. In particular, the study explores the specific approaches of the three destinations in terms of their similarity to thematically grouped clusters of the 15 Cs. The article closes by highlighting particular opportunities and challenges and potential management approaches that could be adopted within the destinations for the future
Longitudinally mapping the influence of sex and androgen signaling on the dynamics of human cortical maturation in adolescence

Humans have systematic sex differences in brain-related behavior, cognition, and pattern of mental illness risk. Many of these differences emerge during adolescence, a developmental period of intense neurostructural and endocrine change. Here, by creating “movies” of sexually dimorphic brain development using longitudinal in vivo structural neuroimaging, we show regionally specific sex differences in development of the cerebral cortex during adolescence. Within cortical subsystems known to underpin domains of cognitive behavioral sex difference, structural change is faster in the sex that tends to perform less well within the domain in question. By stratifying participants through molecular analysis of the androgen receptor gene, we show that possession of an allele conferring more efficient functioning of this sex steroid receptor is associated with “masculinization” of adolescent cortical maturation. Our findings extend models first established in rodents, and suggest that in humans too, sex and sex steroids shape brain development in a spatiotemporally specific manner, within neural systems known to underpin sexually dimorphic behaviors.
easibility, tolerability, and outcomes of nebulized iposomal amphotericin B for Aspergillus infection revention in lung transplantation

BACKGROUND: Nebulized amphotericin B deoxycholate (n-ABD) is used to prevent Aspergillus infection in lung transplantation. Nebulized liposomal amphotericin B (n-LAB) is another option; however, no clinical data are available on the results of n-LAB for this purpose. METHODS: In an observational study performed in 2 centers to assess the feasibility, tolerability, and outcomes of n-LAB prophylaxis, 104 consecutive patients undergoing prophylaxis with n-LAB were compared with 49 historical controls who received n-ABD. Patient follow-up lasted 12 months. The n-LAB prophylaxis regimen was 25 mg thrice weekly starting on the first post-operative day and continuing to 60 days, 25 mg once weekly from 60 to 180 days, and the same dose once every 2 weeks thereafter. RESULTS: Aspergillus infection developed in 8 of 104 patients (7.7%) with n-LAB prophylaxis (5 colonization, 1 simple tracheobronchitis, 1 ulcerative tracheobronchitis, and 1 invasive pulmonary infection). Ulcerative tracheobronchitis and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis were regarded as invasive disease; hence, the rate of invasive disease was 1.9% (2 patients). The control group had similar rates of Aspergillus infection (10.2%; p 0.6) and invasive disease (4.1%; p 0.43). In 3 patients (2.9%), n-LAB was withdrawn due to bronchospasm in 2 and nausea in 1. In the control group, prophylaxis was stopped in 2 patients (4.1%) because of bronchospasm (p 0.7). CONCLUSIONS: At the dose and frequency described, n-LAB seems effective, safe, and convenient for the prevention of Aspergillus infection in lung transplant patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010;29:523–530 © 2010 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. All rights reserved.
Google Trends-based non-English language query data and epidemic diseases: a cross-sectional study of the popular search behaviour in Taiwan

Objective This study developed a surveillance system suitable for monitoring epidemic outbreaks and assessing public opinion in non-English-speaking countries. We evaluated whether social media reflects social uneasiness and fear during epidemic outbreaks and natural catastrophes. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Freely available epidemic data in Taiwan. Main outcome measure We used weekly epidemic incidence data obtained from the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control and online search query data obtained from Google Trends between 4 October 2015 and 2 April 2016. To validate whether non-English query keywords were useful surveillance tools, we estimated the correlation between online query data and epidemic incidence in Taiwan. Results With our approach, we noted that keywords 感冒 (‘common cold’), 發燒 (‘fever’) and 咳嗽 (‘cough’) exhibited good to excellent correlation between Google Trends query data and influenza incidence (r=0.898, p<0.001; r=0.773, p<0.001; r=0.796, p<0.001, respectively). They also displayed high correlation with influenza-like illness emergencies (r=0.900, p<0.001; r=0.802, p<0.001; r=0.886, p<0.001, respectively) and outpatient visits (r=0.889, p<0.001; r=0.791, p<0.001; r=0.870, p<0.001, respectively). We noted that the query 腸病毒 (‘enterovirus’) exhibited excellent correlation with the number of enterovirus-infected patients in emergency departments (r=0.914, p<0.001). Conclusions These results suggested that Google Trends can be a good surveillance tool for epidemic outbreaks, even in Taiwan, the non-English-speaking country. Online search activity indicates that people are concerned about epidemic diseases, even if they do not visit hospitals. This prompted us to develop useful tools to monitor social media during an epidemic because such media usage reflects infectious disease trends more quickly than does traditional reporting.