Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-unitary evolutions of noncommutative worlds with symmetry

Motivated by describing time-evolutions of noncommutative worlds, I discuss symmetry-preserving evolutions of noncommutative worlds of finite dimensional representation spaces. An interesting issue in such evolutions is that there can be transitions of representation spaces of symmetry, and therefore the evolutions are generally non-unitary or symmetry-violating. The central idea of this paper is that a main world evolves by emitting baby worlds which compensate the violations of the symmetry of the main world. Tracing out the states of the baby worlds, the symmetry-preserving evolutions of the density matrices of the main world are obtained. I give a simple example with SU(2) symmetry, which can be regarded as an evolving quantum two-sphere. This simple model has some attractive features resembling our universe: it gets born from a vacuum and its entropy of geometric origin grows. I also discuss the evolutions in Heisenberg picture.
Optical vs electronic gap of hafnia byab initioBethe-Salpeter equation

We present first-principles many-body perturbation theory calculations of the quasiparticle electronic structure and of the optical response of HfO$_2$ polymorphs. We use the $GW$ approximation including core electrons by the projector augmented wave (PAW) method and performing a quasiparticle self-consistency also on wavefunctions (QS$GW$). In addition, we solve the Bethe-Salpeter equation on top of $GW$ to calculate optical properties including excitonic effects. For monoclinic HfO$_2$ we find a fundamental band gap of $E_g = 6.33$ eV (with the direct band gap at $E_g^d = 6.41$ eV), and an exciton binding energy of 0.57 eV, which situates the optical gap at $E^o_g = 5.85$ eV. The latter is in the range of spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) experimental estimates (5.5-6 eV), whereas our electronic band gap is well beyond experimental photoemission (PE) estimates ($< 6$ eV) and previous $GW$ works. Our calculated density of states and optical absorption spectra compare well to raw PE and SE spectra. This suggests that our predictions of both optical and electronic gaps are close to, or at least lower bounds of, the real values.
NONLINEAR TIME SEQUENCE ANALYSIS

We review several aspects of the analysis of time sequences, and concentrate on recent methods using concepts from the theory of nonlinear dynamical systems. In particular, we discuss problems in estimating attractor dimensions, entropies, and Lyapunov exponents, in reducing noise and in forecasting. For completeness and since we want to stress connections to more traditional (mostly spectrum-based) methods, we also give a short review of spectral methods.
Microwave solid-state left-handed material with a broad bandwidth and an ultralow loss

We present in this paper a solid-state sample of microwave metamaterial produced by a standard hot-press technique for the manufacture of printed circuit boards. We performed three experiments to demonstrate that this sample is a left-handed material with negative refractive index. The three experiments are power transmission, prism refraction, and beam shifting. We used differently shaped samples for the experiments and observed clear left-handed behaviors in a $1\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{GHz}$-wide passband with an insertion loss of less than $0.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{dB}$ per unit cell, which is no greater than the insertion loss of many microwave devices. The sample has very stable characteristics and all results are consistent with one another.
Constructing balanced equations of motion for particles in general relativity: the null gauge case

We present a convenient null gauge for the construction of the balanced equations of motion. This null gauge has the property that the asymptotic structure is intimately related to the interior one; in particular there is a strong connexion between the field equation and the balanced equations of motion. We present the balanced equations of motion in second order of the acceleration. We solve the required components of the field equation at their respective required orders, G and G. We indicate how this approach can be extended to higher orders.
Magnetic Excitations in CoO

Magnetic excitations in CoO below T N =289 K were investigated on single crystals and a powder specimen by using inelastic neutron-scattering spectrometers installed at a steady state neutron-source and a pulsed neutron source. In single-crystal data, dispersion relations of the two magnetic excitation modes below 70 meV were determined along the symmetric directions. The magnetic excitations around 120 meV were also observed. Energy spectra on a powder specimen suggest the existence of higher order magnetic excitations spreading up to around 200 meV. The magnetic modes were analyzed in connection with the freedom of an unquenched orbital angular-momentum L of a Co 2+ ion. The magnitude of the spin–orbit interaction and that of the exchange interaction obtained from the analyses are comparable, indicating that those interactions must be simultaneously considered without an approximation of the total-angular-momentum. The lowest two dispersion curves are interpreted as mixing and splitting between a disper.
Metastasis from glioblastoma multiforme: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE Extracranial metastases of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are rare due to the short survival experienced by the patients. Therefore, the natural history of GBM metastases remains elusive. The identification of clinical factors promoting GBM metastases may help elucidate the mechanisms of tumor cell invasion in the brain. The aims of this study were to perform a meta-analysis evaluating the survival, characteristics, prognostic factors, and predictors of treatment outcome in patients with metastatic GBM and describe a case of metastatic extracranial GBM. METHODS We report the case of a patient diagnosed with GBM metastatic to the lungs and the results of a meta-analysis of 114 other cases of metastatic GBM identified through a MEDLINE and BIREME search. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 38.2±16.1 years and 70.4% were male. The time elapsed between the identification of the metastasis and death was significantly increased in patients undergoing surgery (p=0.019), whereas the time from the diagnosis of the primary tumor to death was significantly increased in patients receiving radiation therapy (p=0.050). The time elapsed from metastasis to death and diagnosis to death was significantly longer in patients receiving chemotherapy (p<0.001 and p=0.027, respectively). The liver was the metastatic site associated with the shortest time elapsed from diagnosis to death (p=0.024). CONCLUSIONS In GBM, surgical resection is important in reducing the risk of metastasis, and chemotherapy and radiation therapy help to prolong survival in metastatic GBM. Metastases to the liver are associated with shorter survival compared with metastases to other sites.
Effects of doping on the transport properties of CoSb3

Effects of doping on the transport properties of CoSb3 have been systematically investigated using Ni, Pd, and Pt as donor impurities. It is shown that the Hall mobility, the Seebeck coefficient, and the electrical conductivity depend strongly not only on the carrier concentration but also on these donor impurities. Our theoretical analysis suggests that the electron effective mass and the conduction band deformation potential are significantly affected by both the doping levels and the donor impurities. These doping effects in CoSb3 can be attributed to (1) the changes in the electronic structure with doping and (2) the specific nature of the conduction band structure, in particular, the nonparabolicity of the band which can be explained in terms of a two-band Kane model. The observed changes in the electronic properties with doping are also consistent with the predictions of a recent band structure calculation of CoSb3. On the other hand, the lattice thermal conductivity decreases markedly with increasi.
Neutron stars: Observational diversity and evolution

Ever since the discovery of the Crab and Vela pulsars in their respective Supernova Remnants, our understanding of how neutron stars manifest themselves observationally has been dramatically shaped by the surge of discoveries and dedicated studies across the electromagnetic spectrum, particularly in the high-energy band. The growing diversity of neutron stars includes the highly magnetized neutron stars (magnetars) and the Central Compact Objects shining in X-rays and mostly lacking pulsar wind nebulae. These two subclasses of high-energy objects, however, seem to be characterized by anomalously high or anomalously low surface magnetic fields (thus dubbed as ‘magnetars’ and ‘anti-magnetars’, respectively), and have pulsar characteristic ages that are often much offset from their associated SNRs’ ages. In addition, some neutron stars act ‘schizophrenic’ in that they occasionally display properties that seem common to more than one of the defined subclasses. I review the growing diversity of neutron stars from an observational perspective, then highlight recent and on-going theoretical and observational work attempting to address this diversity, particularly in light of their magnetic field evolution, energy loss mechanisms, and supernova progenitors’ studies.
Advanced finite element method for nano-resonators

Miniaturized optical resonators with spatial dimensions of the order of the wavelength of the trapped light offer prospects for a variety of new applications like quantum processing or construction of meta-materials. Light propagation in these structures is modelled by Maxwell's equations. For a deeper numerical analysis one may compute the scattered field when the structure is illuminated or one may compute the resonances of the structure. We therefore address in this paper the electromagnetic scattering problem as well as the computation of resonances in an open system. For the simulation effcient and reliable numerical methods are required which cope with the infinite domain. We use transparent boundary conditions based on the Perfectly Matched Layer Method (PML) combined with a novel adaptive strategy to determine optimal discretization parameters like the thickness of the sponge layer or the mesh width. Further a novel iterative solver for time-harmonic Maxwell's equations is presented.
Secondary antinuclei from supernova remnants and background for dark matter searches

We compute the spectra of cosmic-ray (CR) nuclei and antinuclei under a scenario where hadronic interaction processes inside supernova remnants (SNRs) can produce a diffusively-shock-accelerated "source component" of secondary particles. This scenario is able to explain the recent measurements reported by AMS on the antiproton/proton ratio, that is found to be remarkably constant at ~60-450 GeV of kinetic energy. However, as we will show, this explanation is ruled out by the new AMS data on the B/C ratio, which is found to decrease steadily up to TeV/n energies. With the constraints provided by the two ratios, we calculate conservative (B/C driven) and speculative (pbar/p driven) SNR-induced flux contribution for the spectra of antideuteron and antihelium in CRs, along with their standard secondary component expected from CR collisions in the interstellar gas. We found that the SNR component of anti-nuclei can be significantly large at high-energy, above a few ~10 GeV/n, but it is always sub-dominant at sub-GeV/n energies, that is, the energy region where dark-matter induced signals may exceed the standard astrophysical background. Furthermore, the total antinuclei flux from insterstellar spallation plus SNR-component is tightly bounded by the data, so that hadronic production in SNRs has a minor impact on the astrophysical background for dark matter searches.
The Nearest Young Moving Groups

The latest results in the research of forming planetary systems have led several authors to compile a sample of candidates for searching for planets in the vicinity of the Sun. Young stellar associations are indeed excellent laboratories for this study, but some of them are not close enough to allow the detection of planets through adaptive optics techniques. However, the existence of very close young moving groups can solve this problem. Here we have compiled the members of the nearest young moving groups, as well as a list of new candidates from our catalog of late-type stars that are possible members of young stellar kinematic groups, studying their membership through spectroscopic and photometric criteria.
Evaluation of a segmental SNR measure as an indicator of the quality of ADPCM coded speech

Two objective measures of speech quality, the traditional signal to quantization noise ratio (SNR) and a segmental SNR, are compared from the point of view of their ability to predict subjective preference ratings of PCM and ADPCM coded speech. The SNR shows an 8‐dB bias for PCM coding, i.e., the SNR of the PCM has to exceed the SNR of ADPCM by 8 dB before the two are judged to be equally preferable. In contrast, the segmental SNR shows no such bias. The segmental SNR is considered a better perceptual model since it evaluates the quantization noise with respect to the energy in each underlying speech segment.
Frequency conversion in regular and stochastic quasi-phase matched structures

The influence of disordering of one-dimensional quasi-phase matched structures in nonlinear optical crystals on spectral characteristics of parametric processes is studied. Two different correlation functions are introduced for describing the random change of the sign of the second-order nonlinear susceptibility. The optimal conditions for quasi-phase matching of the interacting waves are found. The second aim of the paper is the investigation of important features of spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in a homogeneous nonlinear slabs with emphasis of spatial inhomogeneity of interacting waves (in paraxial approximation). We estimate the absolute values of the emission rate of photon pairs produced by SPDC when all fields are in single Gaussian modes.
Theory of the Viscosity of Polymeric Liquid Sulfur

A molecular relaxation mechanism is proposed that accounts quantitatively for the viscosity of liquid sulfur above its polymerization point. The mechanism involves an interplay between reversible bond-breaking and polymer diffusion. The resulting viscosity is about five orders of magnitude less than would be predicted by reptation theories of molecular entanglement in the absence of chain breakage.
Multidimensional behaviours: an algebraic approach to control theory for PDE

This paper gives an overview of the algebraic theory of multidimensional behaviours, and it contains some new aspects as well. Some known results are restated with a new proof. After a short introduction to behavioural systems theory, we briefly describe the mathematical background of the algebraic approach. Then we study structural properties such as autonomy and over-determined systems on the one hand, and controllability and flat systems on the other.
From molecules to meteorology via turbulent scale invariance

This review attempts to interpret the generalized scale invariance observed in common atmospheric variables—wind, temperature, humidity, ozone and some trace species—in terms of the computed emergence of ring currents (vortices) in simulations of populations of Maxwellian molecules subject to an anisotropy in the form of a flux. The data are taken from ‘horizontal’ tracks of research aircraft and from ‘vertical’ trajectories of research dropsondes. It is argued that any attempt to represent the energy distribution in the atmosphere quantitatively must have a proper basis in molecular physics, a prerequisite to accommodate the observed long‐tailed velocity probability distributions and the implied effects on radiative transfer, atmospheric chemistry, turbulent structure and the definition of temperature itself. The relationship between fluctuations and dissipation is discussed in a framework of non‐equilibrium statistical mechanics, and a link between maximization of entropy production and scale invariance is hypothesized. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
An electron diffraction and group theoretical study of the new Bi-based high-temperature superconductor

An electron microscopy study of the new Bi-based high-temperature superconductor reveals an incommensurately modulated, pseudo-tetragonal, layered structure strongly reminiscent of the so-called Aurivillius phases. The systematic extinction conditions associated with the matrix and satellite reflections allow two possible space group symmetries for the average structure and two possible superspace group symmetries for the modulated structure. A structural model consistent with the above symmetry constraints is presented.
Theory of the leading edge gap in underdoped cuprates

We present the theory of the leading edge gap in the normal state of underdoped high-Tc materials. The consideration is based on a magnetic scenario for cuprates. We show that as doping decreases, the increasing interaction with paramagnons gives rise to a near destruction of the quasiparticle peak near (0,π) and symmetry related points. We then solve the d-wave pairing problem and show that the actual Tc decreases with the strength of the coherent quasiparticle peak, but the precursors to d-wave state exist above Tc even for fully incoherent quasiparticles.
Spin orientation and spin precession in inversion-asymmetric quasi-two-dimensional electron systems

Inversion-asymmetry-induced spin splitting of the electron states in quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) systems can be attributed to an effective magnetic field B which varies in magnitude and orientation as a function of the in-plane wave vector k∥. Using a realistic 8×8 Kane model that fully takes into account spin splitting because of both bulk inversion asymmetry and structure inversion asymmetry we investigate the spin orientation and the effective field B for different configurations of a quasi-2D electron system. It is shown that these quantities depend sensitively on the crystallographic direction in which the quasi-2D system was grown as well as on the magnitude and orientation of the in-plane wave vector k∥. These results are used to discuss how spin-polarized electrons can precess in the field B(k∥). As a specific example we consider Ga 0 . 4 7 In 0 . 5 3 As-InP quantum wells.
Measuring the Lower Critical Field of Superconductors Using Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond Optical Magnetometry

The lower critical magnetic field, $H_{c1}$, of superconductors is measured by using ensembles of NV-centers-in-diamond optical magnetometry. The technique is minimally invasive, and has sub-gauss field sensitivity and sub-$\mu$m spatial resolution, which allow for accurate detection of the vector field at which the vortices start penetrating the sample from the corners. Aided by the revised calculations of the effective demagnetization factors of actual cuboid - shaped samples, $H_{c1}$ and the London penetration depth, $\lambda$, derived from $H_{c1}$ can be obtained. We apply this method to three well-studied superconductors: optimally doped Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$)$_2$As$_2$, stoichiometric CaKFe$_4$As$_4$, and high-$T_c$ cuprate YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-\delta}$. Our results are well compared with the values of $\lambda$ obtained using other techniques, thus adding another non-destructive and sensitive method to measure these important parameters of superconductors.
ROBUST H2 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF UNCERTAIN LTI SYSTEMS VIA POLYNOMIALLY PARAMETER-DEPENDENT LYAPUNOV FUNCTIONS

Abstract In this paper, we address the robust H 2 performance analysis problems of linear time-invariant polytopic-type uncertain systems. To obtain numerically verifiable and less conservative analysis conditions, we employ polynomially parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions (PPDLFs) to assess the robust H 2 performance and give a sufficient condition for the existence of such PPDLFs in terms of finitely many linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The resulting LMI conditions turn out to be a natural extension of those known as extended or dilated LMIs in the literature, where the PDLFs employed were restricted to those depending affinely on the uncertain parameters. It is shown that, by increasing the degree of PPDLFs, we can obtain more accurate (no more conservative) analysis results at the expense of increased computational burden. Exactness of the proposed analysis conditions as well as their computational complexity will be examined through numerical experiments.
A Redshift z ≈ 5.4 Lyα Emitting Galaxy with Linear Morphology in the GRAPES/Hubble Ultra Deep Field

We have discovered an extended Lyα plume (UDF 5225) associated with a compact source at redshift z ≈ 5.4 in slitless spectroscopic data from the Grism ACS Program for Extragalactic Science (GRAPES) project. The spatial extent of the emission is about 6 × 1.5 kpc (1′′ × 0.″25). Combining our grism data and the broadband images from the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (UDF) images, we find a Lyα line flux of ~2.2 × 10-17 ergs cm-2 s-1 and surface brightness ~7 × 10-17ergs cm-2 s-1 arcsec-2. The UDF images show diffuse continuum emission associated with UDF 5225, including three embedded knots. The morphology of UDF 5225 is highly suggestive of a galaxy in assembly. It is possible that the prominent Lyα emission from this object is due to an active nucleus, and that we are seeing the simultaneous growth through accretion of a galaxy and its central black hole. Follow-up observations at higher spectral resolution could test this hypothesis.
Differentially flat nonlinear control systems

Differentially flat systems are underdetermined systems of (nonlinear) ordinary differential equations (ODEs) whose solution curves are in smooth one-one correspondence with arbitrary curves in a space whose dimension equals the number of equations by which the system is underdetermined. For control systems this is the same as the number of inputs. The components of the map from the system space to the smaller dimensional space are referred to as the flat outputs. Flatness allows one to systematically generate feasible trajectories in a relatively simple way. Typically the flat outputs may depend on the original independent and dependent variables in terms of which the ODEs are written as well as finitely many derivatives of the dependent variables. Flatness of systems underdetermined by one equation is completely characterised by Elie Cartan's work. But for general underdetermined systems no complete characterisation of flatness exists. In this dissertation we describe two different geometric frameworks for studying flatness and provide constructive methods for deciding the flatness of certain classes of nonlinear systems and for finding these flat outputs if they exist. We first introduce the concept of "absolute equivalence" due to Cartan and define flatness in this frame work. We provide a method of testing for the flatness of systems, which involves making a guess for all but one of the flat outputs after which the problem is reduced to the case solved by Cartan. Secondly we present an alternative geometric approach to flatness which uses "jet bundles" and present a theorem which partially characterises flat outputs that depend only on the original variables but not on their derivatives, for the case of systems described by two independent one-forms in arbitrary number of variables. Finally, for the class of Lagrangian mechanical systems whose number of control inputs is one less than the number of degrees of freedom, we provide a characterisation of flat outputs that depend only on the configuration variables, but not on their derivatives. This characterisation makes use of the Riemannian metric provided by the kinetic energy of the system.