Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis to stray radiation of infrared detecting system

In order to improve the detecting ability of dark target by infrared detecting system, stray radiation of the system should be studied before and suppression methods should be adopted. In the infrared detecting system, thermal emission of a room-temperature instrument may be several orders of magnitude larger than the flux of sources of target to be observed. When baffles and vanes are designed to suppress the stray radiation coming from sources outside of the field of view of the detecting system, their thermal radiation should be discussed together. In this article, the stray radiation of thermal emission of infrared detecting system is studied. How to design baffles, vanes and stops is introduced. Their structure models are established in TracePro. Their thermal emissions are simulated and analyzed by ray tracing program. The number of photons on a pixel which emitted from suppression structure which varies from 260K to 310K is given by simulation. From the simulation result, we can find that the stray radiation of thermal emission from inner baffle of primary mirror is the predominant source; The stray radiation of thermal emission of system with vanes on main tube is slightly bigger than that of the system with no vanes; the field stop placed at the first image plane can effectively decrease the number of photons of stray radiation.
AI-Driven EEC for Healthcare IoT: Security Challenges and Future Research Directions

Emerging edge computing (EEC) has been introduced as an innovative paradigm for the healthcare applications of the Internet of Things (IoT) that aims to distribute the network resources at the network edges to improve security, communication, and decision-making processes. The operation of healthcare IoT applications typically needs the presence of interoperable modules. Despite numerous benefits, these applications face many security challenges at the network edge. In this context, advanced artificial intelligence (AI) techniques can be used at the network edges for these applications to efficiently utilize the available resources securely. To this end, we aim to present a detailed survey of healthcare IoT applications in the context of AI-enabled EEC technology to identify unresolved security challenges that need attention from the research community and healthcare stakeholders, and then suggest potential research directions to give a clear future insight.
Miniaturized High Gain Flexible Spiral Antenna Tested in Human-Like Tissues

A miniaturized helical antenna is presented in this work. The antenna is flexible, it is 6100 μm long and it has a diameter of 352 μm. This antenna has such a small cross-section, that permits to be implanted in the human body with fine syringes and minimally invasive surgeries. The antenna can be used to receive power and/or send information in medical devices. The antenna is made of biocompatible materials: polytetrafluoroethylene (PFTE) and copper. The fundamental parameters of the antenna have been simulated and experimentally measured in animal human-like tissues, showing good agreement. The resonant frequency of the antenna is 4.7 GHz, with a reflection coefficient of −25.1 dB, and a gain of −4.7 dBi. As expected, the resonant frequency decreases inside biological tissues comparing to the free-space open-air measurement. Reducing the resonant frequency is an advantage because power signals can penetrate deeper into body tissues.
Dielectric Properties of the Mixtures of α-Fe2O3, TiO2 and Fe2TiO5

Dielectric properties of various types of mixtures of α-Fe2O3, TiO2, and Fe2TiO5 are investigated. Mixtures of α-Fe2O3 and Fe2TiO5, and of TiO2 and Fe2TiO5 powders respectively show the interfacial polarization. For these types of mixtures there are fairly good agreements between observed values of dielectric constant and calculated ones based on the Maxwell two layers model. On the other hand in the cases of the samples obtained by heating the mixture of α-Fe2O3 and TiO2 at 800°C observed values of dielectric constant are much larger than the calculated ones afforded by the Maxwell model. It seemed that dielectric constant in the interfacial polarization depends not only on the fraction of heterogeneous layers in the Maxwell model but also on their structures in the oxides. The Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization due to conductive oxides surrounding the surfaces of particles was found.
Finite Element Modeling of Settlements on Spatially Random Soil

The effect of a random and spatially correlated soil stiffness on the total settlement under the center of a uniformly loaded flexible-strip footing has been studied. Random field theory has been combined with the finite-element method to perform “Monte Carlo” simulations of the settlement problem with a variable Young’s modulus and a constant Poisson’s ratio. The soil Young’s modulus field has been simulated with a fixed mean, standard deviation, and spatial correlation structure using the local average subdivision (LAS) method. The results of parametric studies have been compared with the deterministic quantities to gauge the effect of the standard deviation, correlation structure, and geometry on the settlement behavior. The results indicate a modest increase in expected settlement for presumptive ranges of soil stiffness variability.
GC-MS Analysis and Microbiological Evaluation of Caraway Essential Oil as a Virulence Attenuating Agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The emergence of resistant microbes threatens public health on our planet, and the emergence of resistant bacteria against the most commonly used antibiotics necessitates urgent alternative therapeutic options. One way to fight resistant microbes is to design new antimicrobial agents, however, this approach takes decades of research. An alternative or parallel approach is to target the virulence of bacteria with natural or synthetic agents. Active constituents from medicinal plants represent a wide library to screen for natural anti-virulence agents. Caraway is used as a traditional spice and in some medicinal applications such as carminative, antispasmodic, appetizer, and expectorant. Caraway essential oil is rich in terpenes that were previously reported to have antimicrobial activities. In our study, we tested the caraway essential oil in sub-inhibitory concentration as a virulence agent against the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Caraway essential oil in sub-inhibitory concentration dramatically blocked protease activity, pyocyanin production, biofilm formation, and quorum sensing activity of P. aeruginosa. The gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) profile of caraway fruit oil identified 13 compounds representing 85.4% of the total oil components with carvone and sylvestrene as the main constituents. In conclusion, caraway essential oil is a promising virulence-attenuating agent that can be used against topical infections caused by P. aeruginosa.
An investigation into the properties of 3D printed Ti6Al4V FCC lattice structures with different strut thicknesses

Metal additive manufacturing of titanium and its alloys can produce complicated geometries cost-effectively while maintaining biocompatibility. It is known that the material property differences between bone and Ti6Al4V cause stress shielding, leading to bone failure around the implant. Using lattice structures is effective at reducing elastic modulus while improving osteointegration. However, it is important first to characterise the as-printed material to investigate the effects of lattice structures on the bulk material properties. Understanding the microstructure, porosity, and related mechanical properties can discern the bulk material properties of the unit cell. The microstructure of printed samples was found to be martensitic. The printed samples contained porosity with strut thickness deviations ranging from the design from 44.29 % (t = 0.50 mm) to 28.43 % (t = 1 mm). It was found that the high amount of porosity resulted in considerable variation in compression material properties.
Neue Formeln und Hilfstafeln zur Ephemeridenrechnung

In einer groseren Abhandlung, die an anderer Stelle erscheinen wird, habe ich eine neue Theorie und Methode der Ephemeridenrechnung entwickelt, deren Anwendung in vielen praktischen Fallen Vorteile bietet. Mit ihr gelingt es, von den Orts- und Geschwindigkeitskoordinaten eines Bahnpunktes, die ein System ortsgebundener Elemente („lokaler Elemente”) bilden, ohne Zuruckgreifen auf die Kegelschnittselemente zu den Orts- und Geschwindigkeitskoordinaten jedes anderen Bahnpunktes uberzugehen. Anstatt der KEPLERschen Gleichung wird eine andere transzendente Gleichung benutzt, die fur alle Bahnformen gleich lautet und stets reelle Losungen hat. Die nachfolgende Arbeit enthalt neben einer kurzen Begrundung der Methode die wichtigsten Formelzusammenstellungen und Vorschriften fur den praktischen Rechner, ferner einige Hilfstafeln und Rechenbeispiele.
Pitfalls in the Numerical Solution of Linear Ill-Posed Problems

Very special computational difficulties arise when attempting to solve linear systems arising from integral equations of the first kind. We examine here existence and uniqueness questions associated with so-called \underline{reasonable} solutions for such problems, and present results using the best- known methods on inverse Laplace transform problems. We also discuss the choice of free parameters occurring in these methods, from the same point of view.
Markov Decision Programming for Process Control in Batch Production

A machining process produces a batch of n units every time period. At the end of the period, the units are inspected (provided inspection is cost free). Based on the inspection and the quality data as well as the system history, a decision is made as to whether the process is in control. If not, the process is “revised,” in terms of machine recalibration, maintenance, or repair. In the presence of inspection cost, there is also the need to decide whether to inspect the produced batch. We formulate the problem as Markov decision programs, considering both discounted and average costs. We prove the optimality of certain threshold policies, and characterize the monotone behavior of the optimal thresholds.
Preparation of bent crystals as high-efficiency optical elements for hard x-ray astronomy

Curved crystals can be used as optical elements of a x-ray lens for hard x-ray astronomy in order to increase the diffraction efficiency. In this work we propose to obtain bent crystals by a controlled surface damaging, which introduces defects in a superficial layer of few tens nanometers in thickness undergoing a highly compressive strain. Several (100) oriented silicon and gallium arsenide wafer crystals have been treated. By using high resolution x-ray diffraction measurements in Bragg condition at low energy x-rays the local and mean curvature radius of each sample have been determined. Curvature radii between 3 and 70 m were easily obtained in wafers of different thicknesses. In particular, spherical curvatures have been determined in silicon samples whereas GaAs treated samples showed an elliptical curvature with the major axes corresponding to the <011> crystallographic directions. The characterization of GaAs samples performed in the Laue geometry at gamma-ray energy of 120 keV confirmed the increase of the diffraction efficiency in the bent crystals.
Robustness in Signaling Games

The spontaneous emergence of signaling has already been studied in terms of standard evolutionary dynamics of signaling games. Standard evolutionary dynamics is given by the replicator equations. Thus, it is not clear whether the results for standard evolutionary dynamics depend crucially on the functional form of the replicator equations. In this paper I show that the basic results for the replicator dynamics of signaling games carry over to a number of other evolutionary dynamics.
High-resolution C 1s and O 1s core-excitation spectroscopy of chemisorbed, physisorbed, and free CO

High-resolution soft-x-ray excitation spectra are reported for free CO, Co condensed on Au at approx.20 K, and CO chemisorbed on Ni(111). Chemisorption increases dramatically the widths of the C and O 1s. -->. 2.pi. ( transitions from <0.2 to 2.2 eV for C 1s and from 1.15 to 3.5 eV for O 1s. Shifts of 0.3 eV (for C 1s) and 1.7 eV (for O 1s) towards lower energy are resolved for the first time and are explained in terms of the electronic distribution in excited CO.
Continuous monitoring of absolute cerebral blood flow by combining diffuse correlation spectroscopy and time-resolved near-infrared technology

Continuous bedside monitoring of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients recovering from brain injury could improve the detection of impaired substrate delivery, which can exacerbate injury and worsen outcome. Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) provides the ability to monitor perfusion changes continuously, but it is difficult to quantify absolute blood flow - leading to uncertainties as to whether or not CBF has fallen to ischemic levels. To continuously measure CBF, we propose to calibrate DCS data using a single time-point, time-resolved near-infrared (TR-NIR) technique for measuring absolute CBF. Experiments were conducted on newborn piglets in which CBF was increased by raising the arterial tension of CO2 (40-62 mmHg) and decreased by carotid occlusion. For validation, values of CBF measured by TR-NIR were converted into blood flow changes and compared to CBF changes measured by DCS. A strong correlation between perfusion changes from the two techniques was revealed (slope = 0.98 and R2 = 0.96), suggesting that a single time-point CBF measurement by TR-NIR can be used to convert continuous DCS data into units of CBF (ml/100g/min).
A robust formulation of an optimum cross‐spectral beamformer for line arrays

For linear arrays of equispaced hydrophones the power‐directional spectrum can be computed efficiently from the cross‐spectral matrix by means of the fast Fourier transform. We show how this can be done when the estimator structure is the conventional beamformer, and also when the estimation is accomplished by optimum (minimum variance) beamforming. It is shown that by computing a measure of superdirectivity it is possible to form a more robust estimate of the power‐directional spectrum as a linear combination of the other two estimates. Since the computations are done with the averaged cross‐spectral matrix the additional computer loading is small.
Proper Motion of the Large Magellanic Cloud using QSOs as an Inertial Reference System

The proper motion of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) relative to three background quasi-stellar objects has been determined using 125 CCD frames taken from 1989.0 to 1997.2 at the Cassegrain focus of the CTIO 1.5 m telescope. The observation and reduction methods are fully described. The results are compared with those obtained by other authors who use different methods and reference systems for the proper motions. This comparison results in a good agreement for μα cos δ and a rather large discrepancy for μδ. Our LMC proper motion seems to indicate that the LMC is not leading the Magellanic Stream. Finally, from the newly determined proper motion, the LMC spatial velocity vector is calculated, which in turn is used to determine the lower limit of the mass of the Galaxy contained within 50 kpc from its center. The possible consequences of our results on the dynamical status of the LMC are discussed.
Estimation of Spatial Panels

Spatial panel models have panel data structures to capture spatial interactions across spatial units and over time. There are static as well as dynamic models. This text provides some recent developments on the specification and estimation of such models. The first part will consider estimation for static models. The second part is devoted to the estimation for spatial dynamic panels, where both stable and unstable dynamic models with fixed effects will be considered.
‘Digitalized’ Competences. A Crucial Challenge beyond Digital Competences

to digitalized competences involves a more pervasive transformation for organizations, jobs, and workers than pure digital competences. With this in mind, this article has two main objectives. First, we provide a definition of digitalized competences, linked to job transformation. Second, we use a typology of competences (professional, core cognitive, transversal, and leadership) and some cases to illustrate this change.
Fast adaptive threshold for the Canny edge detector

The Canny edge detector is widely used in computer vision to locate sharp intensity changes and find object boundaries in an image. The Canny edge detector removes the weak edges by hysteresis threshold and has difficulty to find upper and low thresholds with unimodal gradient magnitude distributions. In this paper, an algorithm, based on finding edge region and background region in the gradient magnitude histogram plot, is proposed which is capable of performing hysteresis threshold fast and adaptively. Its effectiveness is demonstrated on a variety of images, showing its successful application to Canny edge detector. The results of the fast adaptive threshold Canny edge detector we presented are better than the results of Canny edge detector with fixed threshold. Further tests are carried out on all sorts of real data using our method to select thresholds and get the good results. These demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is capable of performing hysteresis threshold fast and adaptively, often better than fixed upper and low threshold Canny edge detector that are run for comparison.
Existence conditions for bulk large-wavevector waves in metal-dielectric and graphene-dielectric multilayer hyperbolic metamaterials

We theoretically investigate general existence conditions for broadband bulk large-wavevector (high-k) propagating waves (such as volume plasmon polaritons in hyperbolic metamaterials) in arbitrary subwavelength periodic multilayers structures. Treating the elementary excitation in the unit cell of the structure as a generalized resonance pole of reflection coefficient and using Bloch’s theorem, we derive analytical expressions for the band of large-wavevector propagating solutions. We apply our formalism to determine the high-k band existence in two important cases: the well-known metaldielectric and recently introduced graphene-dielectric stacks. We confirm that short-range surface plasmons in thin metal layers can give rise to hyperbolic metamaterial properties and demonstrate that long-range surface plasmons cannot. We also show that graphene-dielectricmultilayers tend to support high-k waves and explore the range of parameters, where this is possible, confirming the prospects of using graphene for materials with hyperbolic dispersion. The suggested formalism is applicable to a large variety of structures, such as continuous or structured microwave, terahertz (THz) and optical metamaterials, optical waveguide arrays, 2D plasmonic and acoustic metamaterials.
Himatanthus bracteatus-Composed In Situ Polymerizable Hydrogel for Wound Healing

The Himatanthus genus presents anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities, suggesting potential wound-healing properties. This study aimed to develop and analyze the wound-healing properties of a photopolymerizable gelatin-based hydrogel (GelMA) containing an ethanolic extract of Himatanthus bracteatus in a murine model. The extract was obtained under high pressure conditions, incorporated (2%) into the GelMA (GelMA-HB), and physically characterized. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was assessed using a carrageenan-induced pleurisy model and the GelMA-HB scarring properties in a wound-healing assay. The extract reduced IL-1β and TNF-α levels (48.5 ± 6.7 and 64.1 ± 4.9 pg/mL) compared to the vehicle (94.4 ± 2.3 pg/mL and 106.3 ± 5.7 pg/mL; p < 0.001). GelMA-HB depicted significantly lower swelling and increased resistance to mechanical compression compared to GelMA (p < 0.05). GelMA-HB accelerated wound closure over the time course of the experiment (p < 0.05) and promoted a significantly greater peak of myofibroblast differentiation (36.1 ± 6.6 cells) and microvascular density (23.1 ± 0.7 microvessels) on day 7 in comparison to GelMA (31.9 ± 5.3 cells and 20.2 ± 0.6 microvessels) and the control (25.8 ± 4.6 cells and 17.5 ± 0.5 microvessels) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, GelMA-HB improved wound healing in rodents, probably by modulating the inflammatory response and myofibroblastic and microvascular differentiation.
A Geometric Approach to Perturbation Theory of Matrices and Matrix Pencils. Part I: Versal Deformations

We derive versal deformations of the Kronecker canonical form by deriving the tangent space and orthogonal bases for the normal space to the orbits of strictly equivalent matrix pencils. These deformations reveal the local perturbation theory of matrix pencils related to the Kronecker canonical form. We also obtain a new singular value bound for the distance to the orbits of less generic pencils. The concepts, results, and their derivations are mainly expressed in the language of numerical linear algebra. We conclude with experiments and applications.
A phylogenetic review of cancer resistance highlights evolutionary solutions to Peto’s Paradox

Abstract Cancer is a genetic disease present in all complex multicellular lineages. Finding ways to eliminate it is a goal of a large part of the scientific community and nature itself. Early, scientists realized that the cancer incidence at the species level was not related to the number of cells or lifespan, a phenomenon called Peto's Paradox. The interest in resolving this paradox triggered a growing interest in investigating the natural strategies for cancer suppression hidden in the animal's genomes. Here, we gathered information on the main mechanisms that confer resistance to cancer, currently described for lineages that have representatives with extended longevity and large body sizes. Some mechanisms to reduce or evade cancer are common and shared between lineages, while others are species-specific. The diversity of paths that evolution followed to face the cancer challenge involving coding, regulatory, and structural aspects of genomes is astonishing and much yet lacks discovery. Multidisciplinary studies involving oncology, ecology, and evolutionary biology and focusing on nonmodel species can greatly expand the frontiers of knowledge about cancer resistance in animals and may guide new promising treatments and prevention that might apply to humans.
Exploring strategies for multimodal BCIs in an enriched environment

Brain computer interfaces rely on cognitive tasks easy at first sight but that reveal to be complex to perform. In this context, providing engaging feedback and subject’s embodiment is one of the keys for the overall system performance. However, noninvasive brain activity alone has been demonstrated to be often insufficient to precisely control all the degrees of freedom of complex external devices such as a robotic arm. Here, we developed a hybrid BCI that also integrates eye-tracking technology to improve the overall sense of agency of the subject.While this solution has been explored before, the best strategy on how to combine gaze and brain activity to obtain effective results has been poorly studied. To address this gap, we explore two different strategies where the timing to perform motor imagery changes; one strategy could be less intuitive compared to the other and this would result in differences of performance.