Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association between ambient PM2.5 and outpatient visits of children's respiratory diseases in a megacity in Central China

Objective To explore the relationship between ambient PM2.5 level and outpatient visits of children with respiratory diseases in a megacity, Zhengzhou, in central China. Methods We collected daily outpatient visit data, air pollutant data, and meteorological data at the monitoring points of Zhengzhou from the time period 2018 to 2020 and used Spearman's rank correlation to analyze the correlation between children's respiratory outpatient visits and air pollutants and meteorological factors. Generalized additive models were used to analyze the association between PM2.5 exposures and children's respiratory outpatient visits. A stratified analysis was further carried out for the seasons. Results From 2018 to 2020, the total number of outpatients with children's respiratory diseases was 79,1107, and the annual average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3-8h in Zhengzhou were respectively 59.48 μg/m3, 111.12 μg/m3, 11.10 μg/m3, 47.77 μg/m3, 0.90 mg/m3 and 108.81 μg/m3. The single-pollutant model showed that the risk of outpatient visits for children with respiratory disease increased by 0.341% (95%CI: 0.274–0.407%), 0.532% (95%CI: 0.455–0.609%) and 0.233% (95%CI: 0.177–0.289%) for every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 with a 3-day lag, 1-day lag, and 1-day lag respectively for the whole year, heating period, and non-heating period. The multi-pollutant model showed that the risk of PM2.5 on children's respiratory disease visits was robust. The excess risk of PM2.5 on children's respiratory disease visits increased by 0.220% (95%CI: 0.147–0.294%) when SO2 was adjusted. However, the PM2.5 effects were stronger during the heating period than during the non-heating period. Conclusion The short-term exposure to PM2.5 was significantly associated with outpatient visits for children's respiratory diseases. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the control of air pollution so as to protect children's health.
Genome-wide identification and adaptive evolution of CesA/Csl superfamily among species with different life forms in Orchidaceae

Orchidaceae, with more than 25,000 species, is one of the largest flowering plant families that can successfully colonize wide ecological niches, such as land, trees, or rocks, and its members are divided into epiphytic, terrestrial, and saprophytic types according to their life forms. Cellulose synthase (CesA) and cellulose synthase-like (Csl) genes are key regulators in the synthesis of plant cell wall polysaccharides, which play an important role in the adaptation of orchids to resist abiotic stresses, such as drought and cold. In this study, nine whole-genome sequenced orchid species with three types of life forms were selected; the CesA/Csl gene family was identified; the evolutionary roles and expression patterns of CesA/Csl genes adapted to different life forms and abiotic stresses were investigated. The CesA/Csl genes of nine orchid species were divided into eight subfamilies: CesA and CslA/B/C/D/E/G/H, among which the CslD subfamily had the highest number of genes, followed by CesA, whereas CslB subfamily had the least number of genes. Expansion of the CesA/Csl gene family in orchids mainly occurred in the CslD and CslF subfamilies. Conserved domain analysis revealed that eight subfamilies were conserved with variations in orchids. In total, 17 pairs of CesA/Csl homologous genes underwent positive selection, of which 86%, 14%, and none belonged to the epiphytic, terrestrial, and saprophytic orchids, respectively. The inter-species collinearity analysis showed that the CslD genes expanded in epiphytic orchids. Compared with terrestrial and saprophytic orchids, epiphytic orchids experienced greater strength of positive selection, with expansion events mostly related to the CslD subfamily, which might have resulted in strong adaptability to stress in epiphytes. Experiments on stem expression changes under abiotic stress showed that the CslA might be a key subfamily in response to drought stress for orchids with different life forms, whereas the CslD might be a key subfamily in epiphytic and saprophytic orchids to adapt to freezing stress. This study provides the basic knowledge for the further systematic study of the adaptive evolution of the CesA/Csl superfamily in angiosperms with different life forms, and research on orchid-specific functional genes related to life-history trait evolution.
A negative association between total cholesterol and bone mineral density in US adult women

Background The association between serum total cholesterol (TC) and bone mineral density (BMD) is still controversial. We aimed to evaluate the association of serum TC with BMD in general US adult women. Methods A cross-sectional study consisting of 7,092 (age range 20–85) participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database was conducted. Weighted multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate association between serum TC and lumbar spine BMD. In addition, subgroup and interaction analysis were used in this study. Results The serum TC was negatively correlated with lumbar spine BMD after adjusting for confounders. Subgroup analysis found that the strongest negative association mainly exists in women aged over 45 years with body mass index (BMI) < 24.9 kg/m2, and this association is not significant in other groups. Conclusions This study found that serum TC exhibit an inverse association with lumbar spine BMD in Us women aged over 45 years. The measurement of serum TC may provide information for predicting poor bone health outcomes in these women.
How Coaches, Parents, and Peers Influence Motivation in Sport

When you practice and compete in sport, there are other people involved who support you in some way: coaches, parents, friends, and opponents. These people can influence how you feel about playing sport, through their actions, reactions, emotional expressions, and language. Our motivation in sport is not as simple as “more-v-less,” but rather we experience a whole range of motivating/demotivating factors at the same time. Some motivators seem to feel natural and come from within us, while others seem to come from outside ourselves—like prizes, punishments, and peer pressure. We can be motivated toward an activity (“I want to do that! ”), or away from it (“I do not want to do that! ”). We can define success and failure in various ways, too. For example, we can compare ourselves to others (“Did I win? ” “How did I rank? ”), or we can strive for learning and improvement (“I finally did it, it worked! ”). The motivational climate in sport refers to the way people around you influence these aspects of motivation.
Editorial: Exercise physiology and its role in chronic disease prevention and treatment—mechanisms and insights

M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé), University Rennes, Rennes, France, Insrtitut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Irodouer, France, Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States, Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology& Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Case report: A novel missense variant in melanopsin associates with delayed sleep phenotype: Whole genome sequencing study

Melanopsin (OPN4) is a blue light-sensitive opsin-type G-protein coupled receptor. It is highly expressed in photosensitive retinal ganglion cells which mediate responses to light, including regulation of sleep, circadian photoentrainment, and pupillary light response. Mutations in OPN4 were shown to affect responses to light, ultimately affecting the regulation of circadian rhythms and sleep. In this study, we describe a male carrier of the OPN4 missense variant diagnosed with delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD), with a consistent recurrent pattern of delayed sleep onset The rs143641898 [NM_033282. 4:c.502C>T p.(Arg168Cys)] variant in the OPN4 gene was shown in a functional study to render the OPN4 protein non-functional. The variant is rare and likely increases the risk of DSWPD via its direct effect on the melanopsin pathway. This study offers useful insights for the differential diagnosis and ultimately treatment of DSWPD risk in which patients carry pathogenic variants in the OPN4 gene.
Exhaust the exhausters: Targeting regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment

The concept of cancer immunotherapy has gained immense momentum over the recent years. The advancements in checkpoint blockade have led to a notable progress in treating a plethora of cancer types. However, these approaches also appear to have stalled due to factors such as individuals’ genetic make-up, resistant tumor sub-types and immune related adverse events (irAE). While the major focus of immunotherapies has largely been alleviating the cell-intrinsic defects of CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), amending the relationship between tumor specific CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells has started driving attention as well. A major roadblock to improve the cross-talk between CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells is the immune suppressive action of tumor infiltrating T regulatory (Treg) cells. Despite their indispensable in protecting tissues against autoimmune threats, Tregs have also been under scrutiny for helping tumors thrive. This review addresses how Tregs establish themselves at the TME and suppress anti-tumor immunity. Particularly, we delve into factors that promote Treg migration into tumor tissue and discuss the unique cellular and humoral composition of TME that aids survival, differentiation and function of intratumoral Tregs. Furthermore, we summarize the potential suppression mechanisms used by intratumoral Tregs and discuss ways to target those to ultimately guide new immunotherapies.
The M5-brane on K3 × T2

We discuss the low energy effective theory of an M5-brane wrapped on a smooth holomorphic four-cycle of K3 × T2, including the special case of T6. In particular we give the lowest order equations of motion and resolve a puzzle concerning the counting of massless modes that was reported in hep-th/9906094. In order to find agreement with black hole entropy and anomaly inflow arguments we propose that some of the moduli become massive.
Adverbs and Functional Heads: A Cross-Linguistic Perspective

One of the world's leading syntacticians presents evidence for locating Adverb Phrases in the specifiers of distinct functional projections within a novel and well articulated theory of the clause. In this theory, both adverbs and heads, which encode the functional notions of the clause, are ordered in a rigid sequence. Cinques cutting-edge proposal suggests that the structure of natural language sentences is much richer than previously assumed.
A metabolism-associated gene signature for prognosis prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most frequently occurring type of cancer, is strongly associated with metabolic disorders. In this study, we aimed to characterize the metabolic features of HCC and normal tissue adjacent to the tumor (NAT). By using samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) liver cancer cohort and comparing 85 well-defined metabolic pathways obtained from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), 70 and 7 pathways were found to be significantly downregulated and upregulated, respectively, in HCC, revealing that tumor tissue lacks the ability to maintain normal metabolic levels. Through unsupervised hierarchical clustering of metabolic pathways, we found that metabolic heterogeneity correlated with prognosis in HCC samples. Thus, using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and filtering independent prognostic genes by the Cox proportional hazards model, a six-gene-based metabolic score model was constructed to enable HCC classification. This model showed that high expression of LDHA and CHAC2 was associated with an unfavorable prognosis but that high ADPGK, GOT2, MTHFS, and FTCD expression was associated with a favorable prognosis. Patients with higher metabolic scores had poor prognoses (p value = 2.19e-11, hazard ratio = 3.767, 95% CI = 2.555–5.555). By associating the score level with clinical features and genomic alterations, it was found that NAT had the lowest metabolic score and HCC with tumor stage III/IV the highest. qRT‒PCR results for HCC patients also revealed that tumor samples had higher score levels than NAT. Regarding genetic alterations, patients with higher metabolic scores had more TP53 gene mutations than those with lower metabolic scores (p value = 8.383e-05). Validation of this metabolic score model was performed using another two independent HCC cohorts from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository and other TCGA datasets and achieved good performance, suggesting that this model may be used as a reliable tool for predicting the prognosis of HCC patients.
Ten step academic-industry digital health collaboration methodology: A case-based guide for digital health research teams with the example of cardio-oncology

COPYRIGHT © 2022 MacLeod, Abdelrahim, Painter, Maddula, Steward, Hamid, Cheng, Zaha, Addison, Bauer and Brown. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Ten step academic-industry digital health collaboration methodology: A case-based guide for digital health research teams with the example of cardio-oncology
Editorial: Using omics to study leprosy, tuberculosis, and other mycobacterial diseases

COPYRIGHT © 2022 de Macedo, Antunes and Mohanty. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. TYPE Editorial PUBLISHED 29 September 2022 DOI 10.3389/fcimb.2022. 1043635
Enhanced effective connectivity from the middle frontal gyrus to the parietal lobe is associated with impaired mental rotation after total sleep deprivation: An electroencephalogram study

Sleep deprivation impairs cognitive functions, including attention, memory, and decision-making. Studies on the neuro-electro-physiological mechanisms underlying total sleep deprivation (TSD) that impairs spatial cognition are limited. Based on electroencephalogram (EEG) and Exact Low Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography (eLORETA), this study focused on the effects of TSD on mental rotation and the cognitive neural mechanisms underlying its damage. Twenty-four healthy college students completed mental rotation tasks while resting and after 36 h of TSD; their EEG data were simultaneously recorded. The amplitude of P300 component associated with mental rotation was observed and localized through source reconstruction, while changes in effective connectivity between multiple brain regions associated with mental rotation cognitive processing were calculated using isolated effective coherence (iCoh) of eLORETA. Compared with the baseline before TSD, the amplitude of the P300 component related to mental rotation decreased. The task-state data of P300 were localized to the source of the difference in ERP current density, and it was found that the brain regions related to the difference in the decrease in P300 amplitude included the superior parietal lobule, precuneus, prefrontal lobe, and other related regions. Effective connectivity analysis found that TSD enhanced the effective connectivity from the left middle frontal gyrus to the left superior parietal lobule, left inferior parietal lobule, and left precuneus under the identical condition. Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the decrease in accuracy of mental rotation and increase in effective connectivity. Thus, our study suggests that TSD impairs the ability of the mental rotation, showing a decrease in P300 amplitude and an enhanced effective connectivity between the middle frontal gyrus and the parietal lobe in the task state.
A wide range of South American inselberg floras reveal cohesive biome patterns

Inselbergs are azonal formations found scattered in different biomes globally. The first floristic list focusing on an inselberg in the Brazilian Amazon is presented here. We aimed to investigate floristic and phylogenetic connections among Neotropical inselbergs and analyze whether environmental variables act as a filter of plant lineages. We used a database compiled from 50 sites spanning three main Neotropical biomes (Amazon, 11 sites, Atlantic Forest, 14 sites, and Caatinga, 25 sites) comprising 2270 Angiosperm species. Our data highlight the vastly different inselberg flora found in each biome. The inselberg floras of the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga show closer phylogenetic ties than those seen in the other biome pairs. The phylogenetic lineages found in all three biomes are also strongly divergent, even within plant families. The dissimilarity between biomes suggests that distinct biogeographical histories might have unfolded even under comparable environmental filtering. Our data suggest that the inselberg flora is more related to the biome where it is located than to other factors, even when the microclimatic conditions in the outcrops differ strongly from those of the surrounding matrix. Relative to the other biomes, the flora of the Caatinga inselbergs has the highest level of species turnover. There is a possibility that plants colonized these rather distant inselbergs even when they were found under very different climatic conditions than those in the Amazonian and Atlantic Forest biomes. It is worth noting that none of the studied inselbergs found in the Caatinga biome is protected. In view of the uniqueness and drought-resilient lineages present in each group of inselbergs, along with their vulnerability to destruction or disturbance and their strong connection with water availability, we stress the need to protect this ecosystem not only to conserve plants potentially useful for ecological restoration but also to preserve the balance of this ecosystem and its connections.
OsARF4 regulates leaf inclination via auxin and brassinosteroid pathways in rice

Leaf inclination is a vital agronomic trait and is important for plant architecture that affects photosynthetic efficiency and grain yield. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of leaf inclination, we constructed an auxin response factor (arf) rice mutant—osarf4—showing increased leaf inclination using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. OsARF4 encodes a nuclear protein that is expressed in the lamina joint (LJ) at different developmental stages in rice. Histological analysis indicated that an increase in cell differentiation on the adaxial side resulted in increased leaf inclination in the osarf4 mutants; however, OsARF4-overexpressing lines showed a decrease in leaf inclination, resulting in erect leaves. Additionally, a decrease in the content and distribution of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in osarf4 mutant led to a greater leaf inclination, whereas the OsARF4-overexpressing lines showed the opposite phenotype with increased IAA content. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that the expression of genes related to brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis and response was different in the mutants and overexpressing lines, suggesting that OsARF4 participates in the BR signaling pathway. Moreover, BR sensitivity assay revealed that OsARF4-overexpressing lines were more sensitive to exogenous BR treatment than the mutants. In conclusion, OsARF4, a transcription factor in auxin signaling, participates in leaf inclination regulation and links auxin and BR signaling pathways. Our results provide a novel insight into l leaf inclination regulation, and have significant implications for improving rice architecture and grain yield.
Low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex engages thalamus, striatum, and the default mode network

The positive treatment outcomes of low frequency (LF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) when applied over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in treatment-refractory depression has been verified. However, the mechanism of action behind these results have not been well-explored. In this work we used simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during TMS to explore the effect of LF rTMS on brain activity when applied to the right [RDLPFC1 (MNI: 50, 30, 36)] and left DLPFC sites [LDLPFC1 (MNI: -50, 30, 36), LDLPFC2 (MNI: -41, 16, 54)]. Seventeen healthy adult volunteers participated in this study. To identify brain areas affected by rTMS, an independent component analysis and a general linear model were used. Our results showed an important laterality effect when contrasting rTMS over the left and right sites. Specifically, LF rTMS increased brain activity at the striatum, thalamus, and areas of the default mode network when applied to the right, but not to the contralateral left DLPFC. In contrast, no site differences were observed when evaluating the effect of LF rTMS over the two left sites. These findings demonstrate that LF rTMS to the right DLPFC was able to stimulate the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical pathway, which is dysregulated in patients with major depressive disorder; therefore, possibly providing some neurobiological justification for the successful outcomes found thus far for LF rTMS in the treatment of depression.
Editorial: Carbon cycling in aquatic critical zones

Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China, Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States, Department of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States