Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finding code that explodes under symbolic evaluation

Solver-aided tools rely on symbolic evaluation to reduce programming tasks, such as verification and synthesis, to satisfiability queries. Many reusable symbolic evaluation engines are now available as part of solver-aided languages and frameworks, which have made it possible for a broad population of programmers to create and apply solver-aided tools to new domains. But to achieve results for real-world problems, programmers still need to write code that makes effective use of the underlying engine, and understand where their code needs careful design to elicit the best performance. This task is made difficult by the all-paths execution model of symbolic evaluators, which defies both human intuition and standard profiling techniques. This paper presents symbolic profiling, a new approach to identifying and diagnosing performance bottlenecks in programs under symbolic evaluation. To help with diagnosis, we develop a catalog of common performance anti-patterns in solver-aided code. To locate these bottlenecks, we develop SymPro, a new profiling technique for symbolic evaluation. SymPro identifies bottlenecks by analyzing two implicit resources at the core of every symbolic evaluation engine: the symbolic heap and symbolic evaluation graph. These resources form a novel performance model of symbolic evaluation that is general (encompassing all forms of symbolic evaluation), explainable (providing programmers with a conceptual framework for understanding symbolic evaluation), and actionable (enabling precise localization of bottlenecks). Performant solver-aided code carefully manages the shape of these implicit structures; SymPro makes their evolution explicit to the programmer. To evaluate SymPro, we implement profilers for the Rosette solver-aided language and the Jalangi program analysis framework. Applying SymPro to 15 published solver-aided tools, we discover 8 previously undiagnosed performance issues. Repairing these issues improves performance by orders of magnitude, and our patches were accepted by the tools' developers. We also conduct a small user study with Rosette programmers, finding that SymPro helps them both understand what the symbolic evaluator is doing and identify performance issues they could not otherwise locate.
ICDAR2017 Competition on Historical Document Writer Identification (Historical-WI)

The ICDAR 2017 Competition on Historical Document Writer Identification is dedicated to record the most recent advances made in the field of writer identification. The goal of the writer identification task is the retrieval of pages, which have been written by the same author. The test dataset used in this competition consists of 3600 handwritten pages originating from 13th to 20th century. It contains manuscripts from 720 different writers where each writer contributed five pages. This paper describes the dataset, as well as the details of the competition. Five different institutions submitted six methods which were ranked using identification and retrieval metrics. The paper describes the competition details including the dataset, the evaluation measures used as well as a short description of each submitted method.
ERP system environments in IS education: design and evaluation of a new course concept

Purpose – New teaching concepts in IS are highly relevant to deliver practical skills to IS students, as demanded by business practice. There are different approaches for providing knowledge. The authors differentiate between teacher-centered and learner-centered approaches when designing new IS courses. The latter is characterized by creating learning environments, where students work on a solution for a given problem. Since nearly every company integrates its processes in enterprise systems, the authors consider the teaching of ERP as particularly relevant for business practice. Hence, the authors present the design of an ERP laboratory-based master IS courses to deliver practical and technical system knowledge. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The main research methods to achieve the research goals are aligned with a design science approach. For evaluation, data were gathered by a questionnaire-based survey. Findings – The authors benchmarked different issues in bot.
Evolution and Innovation in Wildlife Conservation: Parks and Game Ranches to Transfrontier Conservation Areas

Part 1: Overview 1. Conservation in Transition Part 2: History of State-led Conservation 2. The Emergence of Parks and Conservation Narratives in Southern Africa 3. National Parks in South Africa 4. The Growth of Park Conservation in Botswana 5. The Emergence of Modern Conservation Practice in Zimbabwe 6. Protected Areas in Mozambique Part 3: Conservation on Private Land 7. Private Conservation in southern Africa: Practice and emerging Principles 8. Game Ranching in Namibia 9. Game Ranching in Zimbabwe 10. Extensive Wildlife Production on Private Land in South Africa 11. Save Valley Conservancy: A Large-scale African Experiment in Cooperative Wildlife Management Part 4: Community-based Natural Resource Management 12. Community Conservation in Southern Africa: Rights-based Natural Resource Management 13. The Performance of CAMPFIRE in Zimbabwe 1989-2006 14. CBNRM in Namibia: Growth, Trends, Lessons and Constraints 15. CBNRM in Botswana 16. CBNRM in Mozambique: The Challenges of Sustainability Part 5: Integrating Wildlife and Parks into the Social Landscape 17. Recent Innovations in Conservation 18. Changing Institutions to Respond to Challenges: North West Parks, South Africa 19. Making Conservation Work: Innovative Approaches to Meeting Conservation and Socio-economic Objectives (an Example from the Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa 20. Table Mountain National Park 21. A Network of Marine Protected Areas in Mozambique 22. Towards Transformation: Contractual National Parks in South Africa 23. Transfrontier Conservation Initiatives in Southern Africa: Observations from the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area 24. Making 'Conventional' Parks Relevant to All of Society: The Case of SANParks 25. Privately Managed Protected Areas Part 6: Conclusions 26: ~Innovations in State, Private and Communal Conservation
Exploration of Rashomon Set Assists Explanations for Medical Data

—The machine learning modeling process conventionally culminates in selecting a single model that maximizes a selected performance metric. However, this approach leads to abandoning a more profound analysis of slightly inferior models. Particularly in medical and healthcare studies, where the objec-tive extends beyond predictions to valuable insight generation, relying solely on performance metrics can result in misleading or incomplete conclusions. This problem is particularly pertinent when dealing with a set of models with performance close to maximum one, known as Rashomon set . Such a set can be numerous and may contain models describing the data in a different way, which calls for comprehensive analysis. This paper introduces a novel process to explore Rashomon set models, extending the conventional modeling approach. The cornerstone is the identification of the most different models within the Rashomon set, facilitated by the introduced Rashomon_DETECT algorithm. This algorithm compares profiles illustrating prediction dependencies on variable values generated by eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques. To quantify differences in variable effects among models, we introduce the Profile Disparity Index (PDI) based on measures from functional data analysis. To illustrate the effectiveness of our approach, we showcase its application in predicting survival among hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) patients – a foundational case study. Additionally, we benchmark our approach on other medical data sets, demonstrating its versatility and utility in various contexts.
It's written in the cloud: the hype and promise of cloud computing

Purpose – This purpose of this paper is to discuss the emerging IT platform of cloud computing.Design/methodology/approach – This paper identifies where and how this has developed in terms of the collision between internet and enterprise computing paradigms – and hence why cloud computing will be driven not by computing architectures but by more fundamental ICT consumption behaviours. The approach has been based upon the discussion and recent developments of Software as a Service (SaaS) and associated ICT computing metaphors and is largely based on the contemporary discussions surrounding the impact of social, open source and configurable technology services.Findings – It is suggested that whilst cloud computing and SaaS are indeed innovations within ICT, the real innovation will come when such platforms allow new industries ways of doing business, connecting with and engaging with people to emerge.Originality/value – The paper brings together some of the recent discussions within the popular as well as b.
Internal Migration between US States - A Social Network Analysis

In this paper we use the novel (at least in regional science) technique of social network analysis and apply it to one of the most analyzed topics in the discipline, US internal migration. We want to see whether social network analysis can yield any new insights into this well known process. We want to compare the technique to more conventional methods of analysis in migration. The paper will give an overview of recent literature about internal migration between US states and summarize the main findings. It will then present an overview of social network analysis, define key concepts and describe the main components of the technique. This discussion will also involve a discussion of currently available software for social network analysis. Then, we will apply the technique to the official data about internal migration between US states as published by the US bureau of the census, to see whether the technique can reproduce the main results of the traditional techniques and whether it can yield any new insights.
HaptenDB: a comprehensive database of haptens, carrier proteins and anti-hapten antibodies

UNLABELLED The key requirement for successful immunochemical assay is the availability of antibodies with high specificity and desired affinity. Small molecules, when used as haptens, are not immunogenic. However, on conjugating with carrier molecule they elicit antibody response. The production of anti-hapten antibodies of desired specificity largely depends on the hapten design (preserving greatly the chemical structure and spatial conformation of target compound), selection of the appropriate carrier protein and the conjugation method. This manuscript describes a curated database HaptenDB, where information is collected from published literature and web resources. The current version of the database has 2021 entries for 1087 haptens and 25 carrier proteins, where each entry provides comprehensive details about (1) nature of the hapten, (2) 2D and 3D structures of haptens, (3) carrier proteins, (4) coupling method, (5) method of anti-hapten antibody production, (6) assay method (used for characterization) and (7) specificities of antibodies. The current version of HaptenDB covers a wide array of haptens including pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, drugs, vitamins, steroids, hormones, toxins, dyes, explosives, etc. It provides internal and external links to various databases/resources to obtain further information about the nature of haptens, carriers and respective antibodies. For structure similarity comparison of haptens, the database also integrates tools like JME Editor and JMOL for sketching, displaying and manipulating hapten 2D/3D structures online. So the database would be of great help in identifying functional group(s) in smaller molecules using antibodies as well as for the development of immunodiagnostics/therapeutics by providing data and procedures available so far for the generation of specific or cross-reactive antibodies. AVAILABILITY HaptenDB is available on http://www.imtech. res.in/raghava/haptendb/ and http://bioinformatics.uams. edu/raghava/haptendb/ (Mirror site).
An Integrated Information Retrieval Framework for Managing the Digital Web Ecosystem

The information explosion constrains the Digital Web Ecosystem exploration and makes challenging in retrieving relevant information and knowledge using Web search tools. The existing tools are not well integrated, and search results are inadequately managed. In this article, we describe effective information retrieval services for users and agents in various digital Web ecosystem scenarios. A novel Integrated Information Retrieval Framework (IIRF) is proposed, which employs the Web search technologies and traditional database searching techniques to provide comprehensive, dynamic, personalized, and organization-oriented information retrieval services, ranging from the Internet, intranet, to personal desktop. Experiments are carried out demonstrating the improvements in the search process with an average precision of Web search results to standard 11 recall level, attaining improvement from 41.7% of a comparable system to 65.2% of search. A 23.5% precision improvement is achieved with the framework. The comparison made among search engines presents similar development with satisfactory search results.
Leveraging Tendon Vibration to Extend Pseudo-Haptic Sensations in VR

—The Pseudo-haptic technique is used to modify haptic perception by appropriately changing visual feedback to body movements. Because tendon vibration can affect our somatosensory perception, we propose a method for leveraging tendon vibration to extend pseudo-haptics. To evaluate the proposed method, we conducted three experiments that investigate the effect of tendon vibration on the range and resolution of pseudo-haptic sensation. The ﬁrst experiment evaluated the effect of tendon vibration on the detection threshold (DT) of visual/physical motion discrepancy. The results show that vibrations on the inner tendons of the wrist and elbow increased the DT. This indicates that tendon vibration can increase applicable visual motion gain without being noticed by users. The second experiment investigated the effect of tendon vibration on the resolution, that is, the just noticeable difference (JND) of pseudo-weight sensation. The results indicate that both with-and without-vibration conditions had a similar JND of pseudo-weight sensation and thus, both conditions can be considered to have a similar resolution of sense of weight. The third experiment investigated the equivalence between the weight sensation induced by tendon vibration and visual motion gain, that is, the point of subjective equality (PSE). The results show that vibration increases the sense of weight, and its effect was the same as that using a gain of 0.64 without vibration. Taken together, our results suggest that using tendon vibration can enable a signiﬁcantly wider (nearly double) range of pseudo-haptic sensation, without impairing its resolution.
SoK: In Search of Lost Time: A Review of JavaScript Timers in Browsers

JavaScript-based timing attacks have been greatly explored over the last few years. They rely on subtle timing differences to infer information that should not be available inside of the JavaScript sandbox. In reaction to these attacks, the W3C and browser vendors have implemented several countermeasures, with an important focus on JavaScript timers. However, as these attacks multiplied in the last years, so did the countermeasures, in a cat-and-mouse game fashion. In this paper, we present the evolution and current situation of timing attacks in browsers, as well as statistical tools to characterize available timers. Our goal is to present a clear view of the attack surface and understand: what are the main prerequisites and classes of browser-based timing attacks and what are the main countermeasures. We focus on determining to what extent the changes on timing-based countermeasures impact browser security. In particular, we show that the shift in protecting against transient execution attacks has re-enabled other attacks such as microarchitec-tural side-channel attacks with a higher bandwidth than what was possible just two years ago.
Some Aspects on Lightning Protection of Wind Turbines

In this research note, information is presented on studies connected to some aspects of lightning protection (LP) of wind turbines (WT), and on the use of related international and national (Ukrainian) standards. Keywords—Earthing system, lightning protection, tall structure, wind turbine Corresponding author: Volodymyr Shostak e-mail address: volod_shostak@mail.ru Presented at the Fourth International Workshop on Electromagnetic Radiation from Lightning to Tall Structures, in July 2009 98 International Journal of Plasma Environmental Science & Technology, Vol.4, No.1, MARCH 2010
Tectonic evolution of the Dabieshan orogen: In the view from polyphase deformation of the Beihuaiyang metamorphic zone

The Beihuaiyang metamorphic zone was formed by the Early Mesozoic collision of the North and South China Blocks. It consisted of the Foziling and Luzhenguan complexes and was thought to have never afforded a deep subduction. A similar feature of the deformation in the Dabieshan UHP metamorphic rocks implies that these different tectonic units share the same geodynamic background. The early stage of deformation can be preserved on account of their relatively shallower subduction than that for UHP rocks. On the basis of an analysis of the geo- logical structure and geochronological results, five deformational stages have been recognized: a D1-Early compressional deformation which represents the continental subduction; a D2-Early exhumation deformation producing a syn-convergence exhumation; a D3-Main deformation, represented by an exhumation deformation with Late Triassic age; a D4-Doming and its margin extensional gravity collapse deformation and finally a D5-regional extensional deformation of Cretaceous that was mostly introduced by the migmatization and plutonism.
Shufle for Paillier's Encryption Scheme

In this paper, we propose a proof scheme of shuffle, which is an honest verifier zero-knowledge proof of knowledge such as the protocols by Groth and Furukawa. Unlike the previous schemes proposed by Furukawa-Sako, Groth, and Furukawa, our scheme can be used as the shuffle of the elements encrypted by Paillier's encryption scheme, which has an additive homomorphic property in the message part. The ElGamal encryption scheme used in the previous schemes does not have this property.
Measuring the Statutory and Regulatory Constraints on DoD Acquisition

6 Jump down to document THE ARTS CHILD POLICY CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL SECURITY POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world.
Remote Sensing Technology: An Indispensable Tool For Combating Oil Pollution Via Plant Stress Response

Problems of oil pollution and ways of abating them remain a subject of growing concern. Remote sensing technology has been identified as a practical tool for monitoring vast areas of land surface including ecological studies that relates to monitoring plant health status. The approach is based on the understanding that unfavourable growing conditions result in morphological, physiological and/or biochemical changes that impact on the manner with which plants interact with light. The critical issue is the choice of appropriate remote sensing system for plant stress monitoring as the information about the general health status of vegetation is often embedded in narrow spectral features. Several indicators have been used successfully to diagnose plant stress but a definite way of discriminating between the stresses remains a challenge. Also, among these plethoras of successful diagnostic stress indicators, the optimal indicator for monitoring plant stress induced by oil pollution has not well been established. The majority of the tested indicators were based primarily on laboratory or greenhouse scale study and therefore, there is a need to test this approach under field conditions and at a larger scale. Unfortunately, the available satellite remote sensing systems are unable to offer both high spatial and high spectral resolution required for capturing the health status of plant but airborne systems do have this
The stability of a strut under thrust, when buckling is resisted by a force proportional to the displacement

For a strut under thrust when buckling is resisted by a force proportional to the displacement, it is shown that for both a clamped and a pinned strut there is stability for any length when the thrust is less than a certain critical value; and the relation is found between the length and the first value of the thrust above this that will give buckling. A notion of the wave-length and number of nodes after buckling is obtained. The results are applied to the theory of the formation of mountains by horizontal compression, and it is shown that the crust of the earth would be able to transmit, without buckling, stresses right up to the breaking stress across regions of continental extent, unless the depth down to the level of no strain were less than 16 metres. An attempt is made to employ the results also to consider the stability of solid surface films under compression, and it is seen that other factors, making for stability, must enter besides rigidity and gravity. This is supplied by surface tension, and it then appears that collapse due to a weakness in the film must precede buckling. A rough calculation is given of the frequency of vibration of an atom in a solid film.
A locally adaptive statistical procedure (LAP) to identify differentially expressed chromosomal regions

MOTIVATION The systematic integration of expression profiles and other types of gene information, such as chromosomal localization, ontological annotations and sequence characteristics, still represents a challenge in the gene expression arena. In particular, the analysis of transcriptional data in context of the physical location of genes in a genome appears promising in detecting chromosomal regions with transcriptional imbalances often characterizing cancer. RESULTS A computational tool named locally adaptive statistical procedure (LAP), which incorporates transcriptional data and structural information for the identification of differentially expressed chromosomal regions, is described. LAP accounts for variations in the distance between genes and in gene density by smoothing standard statistics on gene position before testing the significance of their differential levels of gene expression. The procedure smooths parameters and computes p-values locally to account for the complex structure of the genome and to more precisely estimate the differential expression of chromosomal regions. The application of LAP to three independent sets of raw expression data allowed identifying differentially expressed regions that are directly involved in known chromosomal aberrations characteristic of tumors. AVAILABILITY Functions in R for implementing the LAP method are available at http://www.dpci. unipd.it/Bioeng/Publications/LAP.htm