Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Origin of Hinge-Like Mechanism in Single-Layer Black Phosphorus: the Angle-Angle Cross Interaction

The single-layer black phosphorus is characteristic for its puckered configuration that possesses the hinge-like mechanism, which leads to the highly anisotropic in-plane Poisson's ratios and the negative out-of-plane Poisson's ratio. We reveal that the hinge-like mechanism can be attributed to the angle-angle cross interaction, which, combined with the bond stretching and angle bending interactions, is able to provide a good description of the mechanical properties in the single-layer black phosphorus. We also propose a nonlinear angle-angle cross interaction, which follows the form of the Stillinger-Weber potential and is advantageous for molecular dynamics simulations of single-layer black phosphorous under large deformations.
Partial transpose criteria for symmetric states

We express the positive partial transpose (PPT) separability criterion for symmetric states of multi-qubit systems in terms of matrix inequalities based on the recently introduced tensor representation for spin states. We construct a matrix from the tensor representation of the state and show that it is similar to the partial transpose of the density matrix written in the computational basis. Furthermore, the positivity of this matrix is equivalent to the positivity of a correlation matrix constructed from tensor products of Pauli operators. This allows for a more transparent experimental interpretation of the PPT criteria for an arbitrary spin-j state. The unitary matrices connecting our matrix to the partial transpose of the state generalize the so-called magic basis that plays a central role in Wootters' explicit formula for the concurrence of a 2-qubit system and the Bell bases used for the teleportation of a one or two-qubit state.
Finite Semigroups and Universal Algebra

Part 1 Finite universal algebra: elements of universal algebra order and topology finite algebras decidability. Part 2 Finite semigroups and monoids: permutativity operators relating semigroups and monoids semigroups whose regular D-classes are subsemigroups the join the semidirect product the power factorization of implicit operations. Part 3 Open problems.
Construction of a general semilocal exchange-correlation hole model: Application to nonempirical meta-GGA functionals

(Received 27 June 2013; revised manuscript received 24 August 2013; published 6 September 2013)Using a reverse-engineering method, we construct a meta-generalized gradient approximation (meta-GGA)angle-averaged exchange-correlation (XC) hole model which has a general applicability. It satisﬁes known exacthole constraints and can exactly recover the exchange-correlation energy density of any reasonable meta-GGAexchange-correlation energy functional satisfying a minimal set of exact properties. The hole model is appliedto several nonempirical meta-GGA functionals: the Tao-Perdew-Staroverov-Scuseria (TPSS), the revised TPSS(revTPSS), and the recently Balanced LOCalization (BLOC) meta-GGA [L. A. Constantin, E. Fabiano, andF. Della Sala, J. Chem. Theory Comput.
Anisotropic magnetization relaxation in ferromagnetic multilayers with variable interlayer exchange coupling

The ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth and its anisotropy in ${\mathrm{F}}_{1}/\mathrm{f}/{\mathrm{F}}_{2}$/AF multilayers, where spacer f has a low Curie point compared to the strongly ferromagnetic ${\mathrm{F}}_{1}$ and ${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, is investigated. The role of the interlayer exchange coupling in magnetization relaxation is determined experimentally by varying the thickness of the spacer. It is shown that stronger interlayer coupling via thinner spacers enhances the microwave energy exchange between the outer ferromagnetic layers, with the magnetization of ${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ exchange dragged by the resonance precession in ${\mathrm{F}}_{1}$. A weaker mirror effect is also observed: the magnetization of ${\mathrm{F}}_{1}$ can be exchange dragged by the precession in ${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, which leads to antidamping and narrower FMR linewidths. A theory is developed to model the measured data, which allows separating various contributions to the magnetic relaxation in the system. Key physical parameters, such as the interlayer coupling constant, in-plane anisotropy of the FMR linewidth, and dispersion of the magnetic anisotropy fields, are quantified. These results should be useful for designing high-speed magnetic nanodevices based on thermally assisted switching.
Continuum Limit Physics from 2+1 Flavor Domain Wall QCD

We present physical results obtained from simulations usin g 2+1 flavors of domain wall quarks and the Iwasaki gauge action at two values of the lattice spac ing a, (a−1= 1.73 (3) GeV and a−1= 2.28 (3) GeV). On the coarser lattice, with 24 3×64×16 points (where the 16 corresponds to Ls, the extent of the 5 th dimension inherent in the domain wall fermion (DWF) formula tion
MODELLING AND ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE OUTPUT INVERTER

This paper presents an idea about multilevel inverter topology which makes use of the efficient and possible outcomes from all the possible outputs of an inverter configuration. Low and high switching frequencies are compared, to make use of the advantages such as reduced thermal stress and increased convertor efficiency. It is possible that the same inverter topology can give us different levels of output voltages, provided the switching strategy is varied. The same ideology can be used for single phase or three phase multilevel inverters. Here a single multilevel topology is taken for consideration and the different possible output voltage levels are analysed. For simplification and ease of calculation, the simplest configuration using two bridges is analysed.
Verbs, nouns and affixation

What explains the rich patterns of deverbal nominalization? Why do some nouns have argument structure, while others do not? We seek a solution in which properties of deverbal nouns are composed from properties of verbs, properties of nouns, and properties of the morphemes that relate them. The theory of each plus the theory of how they combine, should give the explanation. In exploring this, we investigate properties of two theories of nominalization. In one, the verb-like properties of deverbal nouns result from verbal syntactic structure (a “structural model”). See, for example, van Hout & Roeper 1998, Fu, Roeper and Borer 1993, 2001, to appear, Alexiadou 2001, to appear). According to the structural hypothesis, some nouns contain VPs and/or verbal functional layers. In the other theory, the verbal properties of deverbal nouns result from the event structure and argument structure of the DPs that they head. By “event structure” we mean a representation of the elements and structure of a linguistic event, not a representation of the world. We refer to this view as the “event model”. According to the event model hypothesis, all derived nouns are represented with the same syntactic structure, the difference lying in argument structure – which in turn is critically related to event structure, in the way sketched in Grimshaw (1990), Siloni (1997) among others. In pursuing these lines of analysis, and at least to some extent disentangling their properties, we reach the conclusion that, with respect to a core set of phenomena, the two theories are remarkably similar – specifically, they achieve success with the same problems, and must resort to the same stipulations to address the remaining issues that we discuss (although the stipulations are couched in different forms).
Making sense of the local Galactic escape speed estimates in direct dark matter searches

Direct detection (DD) of dark matter (DM) candidates in the ≲ 10 GeV mass range is very sensitive to the tail of their velocity distribution. The important quantity is the maximum weakly interacting massive particle speed in the observer’s rest frame, i.e. in average the sum of the local Galactic escape speed v esc and of the circular velocity of the Sun v c . While the latter has been receiving continuous attention, the former is more difficult to constrain. The RAVE Collaboration has just released a new estimate of v esc [T. Piffl et al. , Astron. Astrophys. 562, A91 (2014)] that supersedes the previous one [M. C. Smith, et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 379, 755 (2007)], which is of interest in the perspective of reducing the astrophysical uncertainties in DD. Nevertheless, these new estimates cannot be used blindly as they rely on assumptions in the dark halo modeling which induce tight correlations between the escape speed and other local astrophysical parameters. We make a self-consistent study of the implications of the RAVE results on DD assuming isotropic DM velocity distributions, both Maxwellian and ergodic. Taking as references the experimental sensitivities currently achieved by LUX, CRESST-II, and SuperCDMS, we show that (i) the exclusion curves associated with the best-fit points of P14 may be more constraining by up to ∼ 40 % with respect to standard limits, because the underlying astrophysical correlations induce a larger local DM density, and (ii) the corresponding relative uncertainties inferred in the low weakly interacting massive particle mass region may be moderate, down to 10–15% below 10 GeV. We finally discuss the level of consistency of these results with other independent astrophysical constraints. This analysis is complementary to others based on rotation curves.
Molecular characterization of enolase from Haemaphysalis longicornis tick 1

25 Enolase is responsible for reversible conversion of D-2-phosphoglycerate and 26 phosphoenolpyruvate in the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis important for cellular function. 27 Here, we cloned a complete open reading frame (ORF) of enolase from the Haemaphysalis 28 longicornis tick and characterized its transcriptional and functional status. The ORF of enolase 29 possesses 1,296 nucleotides encoding a mature protein of 432 amino acid residues. 30 The molecular mass of enolase is 46,850.31 Da and the isoelectric point is 5.91. Enolase of the 31 Jeju strain H. longicornis had the highest sequence similarity with the enolase of H. flava 32 (98%), followed by Dermacentor silvarum (82%). We found motifs for enolase N-terminal, 33 enolase C-terminal, magnesium binding site, and several phosphorylation sites such as casein 34 kinase II phosphorylation, protein kinase C phosphorylation, and tyrosine kinase 35 phosphorylation. RT-PCR showed enolase mRNA present in all developmental stages and 36 most of the vital organelles of H. longicornis . Notably, a higher transcript level was observed 37 in synganglia compared with other areas based on real-time PCR, indicating that the role of 38 enolase in the tick salivary gland is controlled by nerves arising in the synganglion. The 39 functional status of enolase was characterized using RNA interference (RNAi) and caused 40 significant (P < 0.05) reduction in feeding and reproduction as well as an abnormality in eggs 41 and hatching. Taken together, these results indicate enolase as an important candidate for 42 multiple vaccine antigens for controlling the tick population. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t -test (unpaired and unequal variances) and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparison tests with Graph Pad Prism 5 (Graph Pad Software, Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA). Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). P-values ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant compared with the control group.
Effects of the Automatic Self-Transcending Meditation on cognition and mental states in the EEG, skin conductance and behavioral performance: a pilot study

The main purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the immediate effects of Automatic Self-Transcending (AST) meditation on the cognitive function, EEG activity and autonomic arousal (Study 1) and characterize the frontal EEG synchrony during resting state, cognitive activity and AST mental states in traditional and wireless EEG’s (Study 2). We report the results of three healthy AST meditation volunteers in this case-report study (Case 1 - age = 26 years, meditative practice time = 2 months; Case 2 - age = 39 years, meditative practice time = 6 years; Case 3 - age = 59 years, meditative practice time = 40 years). In study 1, the volunteers performed a protocol with simultaneous recording of EEG and skin conductance while performing the Stroop test (T0), followed by 20 minutes of AST meditation and immediately the same protocol performed at T0 (T1). We analyzed P300 amplitude and latency, as well as test behavioral response and skin conductance activity before and immediately after a single session of AST. In study 2, the same volunteers performed three tasks with eyes closed on two EEG equipment (traditional and wireless): resting state, cognitive activity and one session of AST, each for 20 minutes. We measured the frontal interhemispheric coherence of alpha1 (8-10 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) for each condition and EEG type. Our main findings show that there is an immediate beneficial effect after AST meditation at the level of the same individual with different patterns of P300 and skin conductance activity and that AST meditation is marked by an overall increase in the frontal coherence of alpha1 and beta bands, when compared to other mental states. We conclude that 1) there is an immediate effect on cognition and executive control after AST meditation, 2) the frontal interhemispheric coherence of alpha1 and beta bands are increased during AST, and 3) wireless EEG exhibits the same characteristics observed in traditional EEG and therefore can be used to describe cortical dynamics during AST.
Matrix Softening Controls Stretch-Induced Cellular Memory and Fibroblast Activation

Mechanical stretching of living tissues can activate long-lived changes in tissue cells such as fibroblasts, increasing their contractility and initiating phenotypic transformations. Increased mechanical stimulus typically leads to monotonically increasing activation of fibroblasts cultured in 2D, but activation levels are difficult to predict for cells in 3D fibrous tissues, leading to variable outcomes in procedures such as skin grafting. Here we report that the source of this variation is cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions and their variation with the duration and magnitude of applied stretch, and present a model that can predict the degree to which stretch will either increase or decrease long-term activation levels of fibroblasts cultured within a stretched, three-dimensional collagen matrix. Combining experimental and mathematical approaches across multiple scales, we show that the viscoplasticity of the ECM regulates this nonmonotonic, long-term cell activation. Results demonstrate that feedback between cell and ECM determines how cells retain memory of mechanical stretch.
Natural alleles at the Doa locus underpin evolutionary changes in Drosophila lifespan and fecundity

‘Evolve and resequence’ (E&R) studies in Drosophila melanogaster have identified many candidate loci underlying the evolution of ageing and life history, but experiments that validate the effects of such candidates remain rare. In a recent E&R study we have identified several alleles of the LAMMER kinase Darkener of apricot (Doa) as candidates for evolutionary changes in lifespan and fecundity. Here, we use two complementary approaches to confirm a functional role of Doa in life-history evolution. First, we used transgenic RNAi to study the effects of Doa at the whole-gene level. Ubiquitous silencing of expression in adult flies reduced both lifespan and fecundity, indicating pleiotropic effects. Second, to characterize segregating variation at Doa, we examined four candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; Doa-1, −2, −3, −4) using a genetic association approach. Three candidate SNPs had effects that were qualitatively consistent with expectations based on our E&R study: Doa-2 pleiotropically affected both lifespan and late-life fecundity; Doa-1 affected lifespan (but not fecundity); and Doa-4 affected late-life fecundity (but not lifespan). Finally, the last candidate allele (Doa-3) also affected lifespan, but in the opposite direction than predicted.
Multilevel Bayesian analysis of monk parakeet contact calls shows dialects between European cities

Abstract Geographic differences in vocalizations provide strong evidence for animal culture, with patterns likely arising from generations of social learning and transmission. Most studies on the evolution of avian vocal variation have predominantly focused on fixed repertoire, territorial song in passerine birds. The study of vocal communication in open-ended learners and in contexts where vocalizations serve other functions is therefore necessary for a more comprehensive understanding of vocal dialect evolution. Parrots are open-ended vocal production learners that use vocalizations for social contact and coordination. Geographic variation in parrot vocalizations typically take the form of either distinct regional variations known as dialects or graded variation based on geographic distance known as clinal variation. In this study, we recorded monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus) across multiple spatial scales (i.e., parks and cities) in their European invasive range. We then compared calls using a multilevel Bayesian model and sensitivity analysis, with this novel approach allowing us to explicitly compare vocalizations at multiple spatial scales. We found support for founder effects and/or cultural drift at the city level, consistent with passive cultural processes leading to large-scale dialect differences. We did not find a strong signal for dialect or clinal differences between parks within cities, suggesting that birds did not actively converge on a group level signal, as expected under the group membership hypothesis. We demonstrate the robustness of our findings and offer an explanation that unifies the results of prior monk parakeet vocalization studies.
Export of discarded splicing intermediates requires mRNA export factors and the nuclear basket

To promote fidelity in nuclear pre-mRNA splicing, the spliceosome rejects and discards suboptimal splicing substrates after they have engaged the spliceosome. Although nuclear quality control mechanisms have been proposed to retain immature mRNPs, evidence indicates that discarded splicing substrates, including lariat intermediates, do export to the cytoplasm, as indicated by their translation and degradation by cytoplasmic nucleases. However, the mechanism for exporting these species has remained unknown. By single molecule (sm) RNA FISH in budding yeast, we have directly observed the nuclear export of lariat intermediates. Further, by crosslinking, export reporter assays, and smRNA FISH, we have demonstrated that the export of lariat intermediates requires the general mRNA export receptor Mex67p and three of its mRNA export adapter proteins, Nab2p, Yra1p, and Nlp3, establishing that mRNAs and lariat intermediates share the same export machinery. Unexpectedly, the export of lariat intermediates, but not mRNA, requires an interaction between Nab2p and Mlp1p, a nuclear basket component implicated in retaining immature mRNPs, including unspliced pre-mRNA, in the nucleus of budding yeast. Finally, the export of lariat intermediates, like mRNA, relies on the E3 ubiquitin ligase Tom1p and its target sites in Yra1p. Overall, our data indicate that the nuclear basket can promote, rather than antagonize, the export of an immature mRNP. Further, our data imply that the export of discarded lariat intermediates requires both Mlp1p-dependent docking onto the nuclear basket and subsequent Tom1p-mediated undocking, a mechanism our data suggests functions in the export of mRNA also but in a manner obscured by redundant pathways.
Predictive nonlinear modeling of malignant myelopoiesis and tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a blood cancer characterized by dysregulated production of maturing myeloid cells driven by the product of the Philadelphia chromosome, the BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have proved effective in treating CML but there is still a cohort of patients who do not respond to TKI therapy even in the absence of mutations in the BCR-ABL1 kinase domain that mediate drug resistance. To discover novel strategies to improve TKI therapy in CML, we developed a nonlinear mathematical model of CML hematopoiesis that incorporates feedback control and lineage branching. Cell-cell interactions were constrained using an automated model selection method together with previous observations and new in vivo data from a chimeric BCR-ABL1 transgenic mouse model of CML. The resulting quantitative model captures the dynamics of normal and CML cells at various stages of the disease and exhibits variable responses to TKI treatment, consistent with those of CML patients. The model predicts that an increase in the proportion of CML stem cells in the bone marrow would decrease the tendency of the disease to respond to TKI therapy, in concordance with clinical data and confirmed experimentally in mice. The model further suggests that a key predictor of refractory response to TKI treatment is an increased probability of self-renewal of normal hematopoietic stem cells. We use these insights to develop a clinical prognostic criterion to predict the efficacy of TKI treatment and to design strategies to improve treatment response. The model predicts that stimulating the differentiation of leukemic stem cells while applying TKI therapy can significantly improve treatment outcomes.
Assessment of Energy Savings Potentials at University in Lanao del Norte, Philippines

— Every year, people become more dependent on electricity. Most devices for communication, business transactions, and even teaching use technology that consumes energy. In the Philippine setting, energy consumption raised to 74.15 billion kWh with 707 kWh per capita as of 2014. In comparison, they were facing the challenges of depletion of energy sources and other environmental challenges. In contrast, there were energy and other environmental challenges. An energy audit was conducted at MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology in the Philippines, looking to reduce energy costs. Results show that space cooling and lighting have the highest electrical consumption of the total university electricity demand (29%). Space cooling consumed the maximum power (49%) in academic buildings, while lighting consumed the most power (39%) in all buildings. An Energy Awareness Evaluation survey was conducted among students, faculty, staff, and the management at MSU-IIT to assess the university's users' willingness to adopt an energy management system that would require a collective effort from its stakeholders. The survey results reveal how its stakeholders perceived energy management as implemented in the institution. Thus, this study proposes energy-saving measures and a regular energy audit to save and monitor the energy consumption at the university and provide the institution management with insights and references critical for decision making and adoption of a sound energy management policy.