Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
False Data Injection Attacks Against State Estimation in Power Distribution Systems

The existing research on false data injection (FDI) attacks against state estimation in transmission systems cannot be trivially extended to distribution feeders. The main reason is that a strong condition that requires the attacker to know the estimated state of distribution systems is needed, which makes the traditional FDI attacks difficult to be implemented in practice. In this paper, we propose a practical FDI attack model against state estimation in distribution systems, without paying expensive cost for obtaining the system state. We show that the attacker can approximate the system state based on power flow or injection measurements without too much effort. For local FDI attacks, the strong condition can be further relaxed to the knowledge of local state, which can be approximated based on a small number of power flow or injection measurements. Simulation results based on the IEEE test feeder demonstrate that the proposed practical FDI attack, even with the approximated system state, is more likely to compromise the state estimation without being detected, in comparison with the traditional attacks. This paper provides a basis to study the attack behaviors in distribution systems and a theoretical guide to develop protective countermeasures.
Application of MCDA/MCDM methods for an integrated urban public transportation system – case study, city of Cracow

The paper presents the application of the Multiple Criteria Decision Aid/Making (MCDA/MCDM) methodology in the assessment of the development of different scenarios for an urban public transportation system (UPTS). This methodology allows considering several conflicting objectives and performing the evaluation process in a comprehensive manner. This approach also corresponds to the holistic philosophy: different aspects (economic, technical, social etc.) and interest groups – stakeholders (operators, passengers, city government etc.). The MCDA/MCDM methodology is specifically customized to the real life case study – urban public transportation system in the city of Cracow (Poland). A family of 10 criteria is proposed to evaluate several solutions (W) for a UPTS in terms of their usefulness and attractiveness for different stakeholders. These criteria take into account: travel time and standard, effectiveness of the fleet use, environment friendliness, the level of integration and reliability of the UPTS, safety and security, the profitability and availability of the UPTS, investment costs. Considering the possible solutions, the 6 alternatives were designed heuristically and compared with the current state (denotation of alternative W0). Based on the analysis, for the final considerations compared with the current alternative, 7 new solutions of the integrated urban public transportation in Cracow were adopted, denoted as: W1 (bus/rail alternative: integration of high-speed agglomeration rail with bus transportation), W2 (rail/tram/bus alternative: integration of high-speed agglomeration rail with tram and bus transport system), W3 (alternative with the underground: integration of the underground with high-speed agglomeration rail and with tram and bus transport system), W4 (tram/rail alternative: integration of high-speed agglomeration rail with tram transport), W5 (Tram alternative: integration of tram transport with bus transport), W5A (tram alternative: sub-alternative to the alternative W5, integration of tram transport), W6 (dual-mode tram alternative: integration of dual-mode tram transport). The variants of the scenarios for the urban public transportation system were generated by VISUM computer macro-simulation software. The computational experiment was carried out with the practical application of different Multiple Criteria Decision Aid/Making methods: AHP (Expert Choice program) and Electre III (software package Diviz).
Impact of Front Side Pyramid Size on the Light Trapping Performance of Wafer Based Silicon Solar Cells and Modules

Smaller pyramid sizes for Silicon solar cell front side textures attract more and more interest. At the same time a very good optical performance of the front side texture is crucial to achieve high PV module efficiencies. In this paper an optical study of the impact of periodically arranged front side pyramids on the useful absorption in a Silicon solar cell is presented. Also a way to account for random pyramids is described. Results for solar cells facing semi-infinite EVA/glass are compared to the modeling results of a full solar module stack with the help of the OPTOS formalism. We found that the impact of different pyramids differs depending on the quality of the planar rear side reflector. It is shown that the impact of the module case is crucial and that it has to be accounted for when predicting the optimal pyramid sizes that are relevant for cell and module manufacturers. We also demonstrate that the use of simple parameters such as a single pass light path enhancement factor for the structured surface can lead to wrong conclusions, and a full modeling is required to predict the real module performance. The results indicate that the overall optical performance of a solar module does almost not vary for pyramid sizes above 600 nm.
fictive motor pattern generation Contribution of motoneuron intrinsic properties to

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , November 30, 2011; 31 (48): 17555-17571. J. Neurosci. Terrence Michael Wright, Jr and Ronald L. Calabrese Patterns of Presynaptic Activity and Synaptic Strength Interact to Produce Motor Output [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , March 15, 2012; 107 (6): 1681-1693. J Neurophysiol Rebecca C. Roffman, Brian J. Norris and Ronald L. Calabrese generator Animal-to-animal variability of connection strength in the leech heartbeat central pattern
Iron Neurotoxicity and Protection by Deferoxamine in Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke that is characterized by high morbidity and mortality, for which clinical outcome remains poor. An extensive literature indicates that the release of ferrous iron from ruptured erythrocytes in the hematoma is a key pathogenic factor in ICH-induced brain injury. Deferoxamine is an FDA-approved iron chelator that has the capacity to penetrate the blood-brain barrier after systemic administration and binds to iron. Previous animal studies have shown that deferoxamine attenuates ICH-induced brain edema, neuronal death, and neurological deficits. This review summarizes recent progress of the mechanisms by which deferoxamine may alleviate ICH and discusses further studies on its clinical utility.
Sex‐specific strategies of nutrient resorption associated with leaf economics in Populus euphratica

There are differences between sexes in physiological and functional traits and possibly in nutrient resorption, particularly in nutrient‐poor environments. However, little is known about the extent of nutrient resorption from fine stems and fine roots, and about how nutrient resorption is related to leaf economics in the males and females of dioecious trees. We investigated nutrient resorption of different organs and explored whether nutrient resorption is associated with nutrient conservation traits of leaves (e.g. leaf thickness, leaf mass per area, LMA) in Populus euphratica females and males in four natural forests along the Tarim River, China. Both female and male leaves had the highest N resorption efficiency (NRE), than stems and roots. We found sexual dimorphism in leaf nutrient resorption at Shaya, Luntai and Yuli forest sites, where P. euphratica males had higher leaf NRE than females, whereas females had a higher leaf P resorption efficiency (PRE). Moreover, the different nutrient resorption strategies were related to leaf economics. P. euphratica males possess a conservation strategy with a higher leaf thickness, LMA and leaf vein density, which positively correlated with leaf NRE, while females with higher leaf PRE resorbed disproportionately more P for the reproductive investment. Synthesis. Populus euphratica males possess a conservation strategy with higher leaf NRE, while females have higher leaf PRE for the reproductive investment. Due to spatial sexual segregation across environmental gradients, dioecious plants are especially vulnerable under future climate change. The differences in nutrient uptake and utilization strategies between females and males may result in a situation where one sex is more prone to future climate change than the other one. Such sex‐specific nutrient resorption strategies are associated with leaf economics. The present study deepens our understanding of the nutrient balance and adaptation strategies of plants under climate change.
Thermal conductivity of basalt between 225 and 290 K

Thermal conductivity of natural rock is only well characterized for temperatures above 273 K, i.e., at typical Earth values. In planetary science, there is a requirement to explore the thermal characteristics of rock at temperatures below 273 K, for which thermal conductivity data are sparse or contested. Here, we present empirical data for a basalt showing thermal conductivity ranging from 2.71 ± 0.09 W m−1 K−1 at 224.4 K, to 2.63 ± 0.05 W m−1 K−1 at 288.8 K. Previous work reports much lower values in this range, which may be due to the fragmented nature of the previous research, the use of powdered samples for some data, and the effect of porosity. The high‐temperature thermal conductivity laws of Sass et al. (1992) and Haenel and Zoth (1973) can be robustly extrapolated to cover the temperature range of our data.
Workgroup Inclusion Is Key for Improving Job Satisfaction and Commitment among Human Service Employees of Color

ABSTRACT Workplace inclusion is recommended for improving human service employee job satisfaction and commitment; however, limited research explores how perceptions of inclusion may differ by employee race and ethnicity. This study investigated the relationships between employee perceptions of department and workgroup inclusion with employee job satisfaction and commitment, and whether these perceptions differed by employee race and ethnicity. Data was collected at three time points from a U.S. nonprofit health care organization. Multiple group structural equation modeling results indicated that workgroup inclusion served as a critical focal point for cultivating department inclusion, employee job satisfaction, and workgroup commitment for employees of color.
Play at work: Virtual conferencing in game space

: The Covid-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of video conferencing, making it a prominent space that our work and social lives are lived within. For many this transition to virtual co-presence has been joyless, highlighting the shortcomings of mainstream video conferencing. In contrast the video gaming community had already pleasurably adopted and occupied online shared spaces for decades prior to the pandemic. In this paper we discuss the designed affordances of the video conferencing platform Gather Town, which adapts some of the conventions of video games and implements them to better support video conferencing. In this research we consider whether gaming conventions — including interactive spatial design, use of avatars, and a retro art style — may enable us to inject more joy into remote working. By critically considering Gather Town’s affordances through our own experimental spaces within it, we seek to encourage the design of more diverse and engaging digital spaces, which will enable more enjoyable remote work and social events.
Concealed multiscale feature extraction network for automatic four-bar target detection in infrared imaging

Abstract. The measurement of the minimum temperature difference (MTD) at which a four-bar target can be resolved is an important task for assessing the performance of infrared imaging equipment. Recently, there have been efforts to use an automatic objective approach based on machine learning to replace the classical manual subjective MTD measurement approach, which is heavily influenced by the psychological subjective factors of the operator and is limited in accuracy and processing speed. However, the scale variability of the four-bar targets and the high intrinsic target-background similarity in infrared images have been observed to present a challenging problem for automatic MTD measurement. We present a concealed multiscale feature extraction network (CMF-Net), a backbone for automatic multiscale four-bar target detections, in an attempt to address the aforementioned challenges. We first propose a multilevel feature pyramid module to construct a robust representation of multiscale four-bar targets. Next, to distinguish between the four-bar targets from the background, a target saliency enhancement module (TSE) is introduced to capture discriminative features about the target by encoding local and global contextual information. Experiments show that the proposed method is effective and achieves state-of-the-art four-bar target detection results on infrared-image dataset compared with existing methods.
Robots in Agriculture: State of Art and Practical Experiences

The presence of robots in agriculture has grown significantly in recent years, overcoming some of the challenges and complications of this field. This chapter aims to collect a com ‐ plete and recent state of the art about the application of robots in agriculture. The work addresses this topic from two perspectives. On the one hand, it involves the disciplines that lead the automation of agriculture, such as precision agriculture and greenhouse farming, and collects the proposals for automatizing tasks like planting and harvesting, environ ‐ mental monitoring and crop inspection and treatment. On the other hand, it compiles and analyses the robots that are proposed to accomplish these tasks: e.g. manipulators, ground vehicles and aerial robots. Additionally, the chapter reports with more detail some practi ‐ cal experiences about the application of robot teams to crop inspection and treatment in outdoor agriculture, as well as to environmental monitoring in greenhouse farming.
Identification of Candidate Genes and Genomic Selection for Seed Protein in Soybean Breeding Pipeline

Soybean is a primary meal protein for human consumption, poultry, and livestock feed. In this study, quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling protein content was explored via genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and linkage mapping approaches based on 284 soybean accessions and 180 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), respectively, which were evaluated for protein content for 4 years. A total of 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with protein content were detected using mixed linear model (MLM) and general linear model (GLM) methods in Tassel and 5 QTLs using Bayesian interval mapping (IM), single-trait multiple interval mapping (SMIM), single-trait composite interval mapping maximum likelihood estimation (SMLE), and single marker regression (SMR) models in Q-Gene and IciMapping. Major QTLs were detected on chromosomes 6 and 20 in both populations. The new QTL genomic region on chromosome 6 (Chr6_18844283–19315351) included 7 candidate genes and the Hap.XAA at the Chr6_19172961 position was associated with high protein content. Genomic selection (GS) of protein content was performed using Bayesian Lasso (BL) and ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction (rrBULP) based on all the SNPs and the SNPs significantly associated with protein content resulted from GWAS. The results showed that BL and rrBLUP performed similarly; GS accuracy was dependent on the SNP set and training population size. GS efficiency was higher for the SNPs derived from GWAS than random SNPs and reached a plateau when the number of markers was >2,000. The SNP markers identified in this study and other information were essential in establishing an efficient marker-assisted selection (MAS) and GS pipelines for improving soybean protein content.
Position Awareness Network for Noncooperative Spacecraft Pose Estimation Based on Point Cloud

Spacecraft pose estimation plays a vital role in many on-orbit space missions, such as rendezvous and docking, debris removal, and on-orbit maintenance. At present, the mainstream descriptors-based pose estimation methods ignore the fact that satellite point cloud contains many similar structures, generating numerous mismatched correspondence pairs, and leading to low pose estimation accuracy. This article proposes a position awareness network (PANet) for spacecraft pose estimation. Specifically, the point cloud is first fed into a hierarchical embedding network to extract the key points and construct local structural descriptors. We also build the relative position features by encoding the relative position between key points and reference points. The matching matrix between point clouds is then calculated by comprehensively considering the local structure descriptors and relative location features. In this way, the problem of ambiguous matching caused by similar local structures is avoided. Finally, weighted singular value decomposition (SVD) is utilized to solve the pose between the point clouds based on the correspondence pairs generated by the matching matrix. Besides, a large-scale satellite point cloud dataset is also constructed for training and testing pose estimation algorithms. Empirical experiments on the dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed PANet, which achieves 1.18$^\circ$ rotation error and 0.136 m translate error, surpassing state-of-the-art methods by a large margin.
Gliosarcoma: The Distinct Genomic Alterations Identified by Comprehensive Analysis of Copy Number Variations

Gliosarcoma (GSM), a histologic variant of glioblastoma (GBM), carries a poor prognosis with less than one year of median survival. Though GSM is similar with GBM in most clinical and pathological symptoms, GBM has unique molecular and histological features. However, as the rarity of GSM samples, the genetic information of this tumor is still lacking. Here, we take a comprehensive analysis of DNA copy number variations (CNV) in GBM and GSM. Whole genome sequencing was performed on 21 cases of GBM and 15 cases of GSM. CNVKIT is used for CNV calling. Our data showed that chromosomes 7, 8, 9, and 10 were the regions where CNV frequently happened in both GBM and GSM. There was a distinct CNV signal in chromosome 2 especially in GSM. The pathway enrichment of genes with CNV was suggested that the GBM and GSM shared the similar mechanism of tumor development. However, the CNV of some screened genes displayed a disparate form between GBM and GSM, such as AMP, BEND2, HDAC6, FOXP3, ZBTB33, TFE3, and VEGFD. It meant that GSM was a distinct subgroup possessing typical biomarkers. The pathways and copy number alterations detected in this study may represent key drivers in gliosarcoma oncogenesis and may provide a starting point toward targeted oncologic analysis with therapeutic potential.
Immunotherapy as a Therapeutic Strategy for Gastrointestinal Cancer—Current Treatment Options and Future Perspectives

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer constitutes a highly lethal entity among malignancies in the last decades and is still a major challenge for cancer therapeutic options. Despite the current combinational treatment strategies, including chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies, the survival rates remain notably low for patients with advanced disease. A better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that influence tumor progression and the development of optimal therapeutic strategies for GI malignancies are urgently needed. Currently, the development and the assessment of the efficacy of immunotherapeutic agents in GI cancer are in the spotlight of several clinical trials. Thus, several new modalities and combinational treatments with other anti-neoplastic agents have been identified and evaluated for their efficiency in cancer management, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell transfer, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, cancer vaccines, and/or combinations thereof. Understanding the interrelation among the tumor microenvironment, cancer progression, and immune resistance is pivotal for the optimal therapeutic management of all gastrointestinal solid tumors. This review will shed light on the recent advances and future directions of immunotherapy for malignant tumors of the GI system.
Control Algorithm for Non-isolated Supercapacitor Based Kinetic Energy Recovery System

This paper presents the control algorithm for supercapacitor based kinetic energy recovery system. Supercapacitor shares energy with the motor drive DC link through bidirectional non-isolated converter. Two cascaded linear regulators control feedback linearized states of the system. As a result, the DC link voltage is stabilized and the supercapacitor voltage and current are limited. Control algorithm does not increase ripple of voltages and currents, and thus life time expectancy of supercapacitor is prolonged. In torque-controlled motor drives, current on DC side can rapidly change with bandwidth as high as 2 kHz. Based on measurements of KERS states, the algorithm estimates rapidly changing motor drive current on DC side and stabilizes the DC link voltage with overshoot less than 2%. Controller is independent from the motor drive parameters and relies only on its own measurements. This enables kinetic energy recovery system (KERS) to be a standalone device.
Intertwining material science and textile thinking: Aspects of contrast and collaboration

: The current research of eTextiles tends to focus on integrating new functionalities into textile structures in a technology-driven manner. Meanwhile, we approach the development of eTextiles through utilizing interdisciplinary practice-based materials research for creating new types of textile-integrated actuators. Our study aims to shed light on how interdisciplinarity and especially the interphase between scientific thinking and practice-based research can create added value both through contrasts and mutual alignments. Based on interviews of researchers working in that intersection, we have identified some key factors concerning specifically the eTextile environment: differences in ways of thinking, intertwining concepts, common practices, and the need for a certain degree of individual autonomy. Overall, we advance the understanding of the inner workings of interdisciplinary projects and how to better facilitate them, as well as provide some concrete ideas of how this type of research should be supported.
Evaluating creativity in parametric design environments and geometric modelling environments

ABSTRACT This paper presents a cognitive study that evaluates design creativity in parametric design environments, in relation to more conventional geometric modelling environments. The study correlates the results of design outcome evaluations and design process analysis. To achieve this comparison, a combined method of jury evaluation and protocol analysis is adopted. Firstly, eight professional architects were asked to complete two architectural design tasks with similar complexity, respectively in a parametric design environment and a geometric modelling environment. Following the design experiment, 19 experts were then invited to evaluate the design outcomes produced by designers using pre-defined criteria focusing on design creativity. The creativity evaluation criteria address concerns related to innovation, usefulness, and unexpectedness. Outcomes of the evaluation and comparison are correlated to findings of a series of protocol studies on related parametric design processes. Results of this study suggest that parametric design potentially enhances overall design creativity from various perspectives.