Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teachers Helping Their Students Think Historically...At Last?

WE BEGIN WITH an author’s admission, as a former teacher: writing about teaching historical thinking is easier than actually teaching it. Indeed, it is difficult to teach students to think historically since they do not develop this ability naturally in the course of their development.1 And yet, there is no shortage of theoretical models, instructional strategies, curricular prescriptions and practical advice on this topic. The National Standards for History of the United States made reference to historical thinking,2 as did the curriculum of many Canadian provinces with the impetus of the Centre for the Study of Historical Consciousness3 and French-speaking didactic specialists.4 These models and prescriptions establish a causal relationship between certain characteristics of learning situations implemented by teachers, on one hand, and students’ learning of historical thinking, on the other. For example, it has been demonstrated that classroom discussion promoting the expression of different views significantly contributes to learning critical thinking, which is a necessity to exercise citizenship.5 Conversely, teaching that is essentially lecture-based appears to be poorly suited to the learning of historical thinking.6 Moreover, analysis of historical documents (primary sources) is considered essential to this learning,7
Patient Experience Journal

Many healthcare providers are developing patient experience strategies and investing in this area. Yet, patients have no means to know if a hospital is following proper patient experience standards. For this reason, it is important to certify that hospitals and clinics follow own a patient experience policy and apply patient experience standards. This is the reaso n why the accreditation Patients First was developed. The goal of this study is to test the accreditations’ feasibility in a real-life environment. The accreditation was tested at the Guadarrama Hospital, nearby Madrid in Spain. A mixed team between Guadarrama staff and the Institute for Patient Experience (IEXP) was set up in order to test each of the seven dimensions of the accreditation with a triple data gathering: documentation, participant observation, workshops with patients and also with staff. The certification has proven its utility to improve existing practices, as well as an instrument to set up new working lines in patient experience. The test also seems to prove that the certification’s methodology is robust form a conceptual and operative point of view. Further research is needed to measure direct impact on patients.
Modified TF-Assoc Term Weighting Method for Text Classification on News Dataset from Twitter

— Text classification is a process of locating text documents automatically into categories based on the text content. In-text classification, there is a stage that has an important role in giving the value of importance to each document, that is term weighting. In the researchers’ previous study, a new supervised term weighting (TF-Assoc) was introduced with the concept of association to optimize term weighting distribution in a case of multiclass classification. To improve the performance of text categorization, this paper proposes a term weighting scheme with a modified association concept, that is mTF-IDF-Assoc. The proposed term weighting scheme considered Document Length (DL). DL was used to normalize the term frequency by dividing it by the length of the document's vector and then formulting IDF and Assoc in calculating the weight of each word. The results showed that mTF-IDF-Assoc implemented with SVM classifier and 10-fold cross-validation technique could outperform the TF-IDF, TF-ICF, and TF-Assoc weighting scheme with an average accuracy of 82.322%.
Coupled electron and thermal transport simulation of self-heating effects in junctionless MOSFET

This paper explores self-heating effects on junctionless gate-all-around nanowire MOSFET using self-consistently coupled 3D full band electro-thermal transport. The self-consistent algorithm begins by supplying the heat generation data from the 3D electron Monte Carlo with 2D quantum correction to the phonon Monte Carlo. Subsequently, the phonon Monte Carlo transports the phonons introduced from the electron simulation and considers their scattering through the anharmonic three-phonon processes. The anharmonic three-phonon decay and the use of full dispersion facilitate a detailed description of heat transfer and the determination of the temperature map. We compare the performance of gate-all-around junctionless against the conventional inversion mode gate-all-around MOSFET. Our results indicate that junctionless MOSFET has less self-heating effects than the conventional inversion mode device, particularly at the limits of high currents.
Resolvent analysis of a ﬁnite wing in transonic ﬂow

Shock waves interacting with turbulent boundary layers on wings can result ﬁrst in self-sustained ﬂow unsteadiness and eventually in structural vibration. Due to its importance to modern wing design and aircraft certiﬁcation, the transonic ﬂow physics continue to be investigated intensively. Herein we focus the discussion on three main aspects. First, we assess a practical implementation of an iterative resolvent algorithm in the linear harmonic incarnation of an industrial computational ﬂuid dynamics code for computing optimal forcing and response modes. This heavily relies on the eﬃcient solution of large sparse linear systems of equations. Second, we showcase its application as a predictive tool to detect transonic buﬀet ﬂow unsteadiness, well before a global stability analysis can ﬁrst identify its dynamics through weakly damped eigenmodes, using the NASA common research model at wind-tunnel conditions. Third, we discuss its ability to uncover modal physics, not identiﬁable through global stability analysis, revealing higher-frequency wake and wingtip vortex modes while shedding some light on the elusive ﬁnite wing equivalent of the aerofoil buﬀet mode. We demonstrate that earlier computational limitations of resolvent analysis, when solving the truncated singular value decomposition using matrix-forming methods with direct matrix factorisation, have been overcome ready for industrial use.
Demagnetizing fields in active magnetic regenerators

— A magnetic material in an externally applied magnetic field will in general experience a spatially varying internal magnetic field due to demagnetizing effects. When the performance of active magnetic regenerators (AMRs) is evaluated using numerical models the internal field is often assumed to be spatially constant and equal to the applied field, thus neglecting the demagnetizing field. Furthermore, the experimental magnetocaloric properties used (adiabatic temperature change, isothermal entropy change and specific heat) are often not corrected for demagnetization. The demagnetizing field in an AMR is in general both a function of the overall shape of the regenerator and its morphology (packed particles, parallel plates etc.) as well as the magnetization of the material. Due to the pronounced temperature dependence of the magnetization near the Curie temperature, the demagnetization field is also temperature dependent. We propose a relatively straightforward method to correct sufficiently for the demagnetizing field in AMR models. We discuss how the demagnetizing field behaves in regenerators made of packed spheres under realistic operation conditions. the cold in the following we discuss various practical methods for calculating the magnetic field distribution in an operating AMR, i.e. in cyclic steady-state.
Interplay of out-of-equilibrium phonons and self-heating under high field transport conditions in graphene

The interaction between out-of-equilibrium phonons and Joule heating in the static electron transport properties of monolayer graphene supported on SiO2 is investigated. An ensemble Monte Carlo electronic transport engine with a self-consistent out-of-equilibrium phonon population is coupled to a thermal resistive model describing the heat dissipation, so experimental velocity-field curves are successfully reproduced for samples 7 μm wide and 4 μm long. The separate effect of self-heating and hot phonons is analyzed in depth, showing that neglecting the hot phonon effect yields to an overestimation of the lattice temperature and drift velocity. In particular, the lowest energy surface polar phonon mode is found to present a strong coupling between both effects, which need to be considered together in a consistent manner to correctly describe the heating of graphene samples at high fields.
SoK: Public Randomness

—Public randomness is a fundamental component in many cryptographic protocols and distributed systems and often plays a crucial role in ensuring their security, fairness, and transparency properties. Driven by the surge of interest in blockchain and cryptocurrency platforms and the usefulness of such a building block in those areas, designing secure protocols to generate public randomness in a distributed manner has received considerable attention in recent years. This paper presents a systematization of knowledge on the topic of public randomness with a focus on cryptographic tools providing public verifiability and key themes underlying these systems. We provide concrete insights on how state-of-the-art protocols achieve this task efficiently in an adversarial setting and present various research gaps that may be of interest for future research.
I Nyoman Wande

Patients with CKD usually have chronic inflammation and impaired antioxidant systems, which worsen with the degree of renal impairment. Anemia is one of the major complications in pre-dialysis CKD patients Examination of iron status that is commonly done today such as serum iron parameters, ferritin, and transferrin saturation is still influenced by the inflammatory process. As an alternative to assessing iron status, the soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) is not affected by chronic disease or inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of sTfR, hemoglobin, serum iron, and estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in pre-dialysis CKD patients. This research was conducted from February to June 2022 at the Nephrology Outpatient Clinic and Clinical Pathology Laboratory of Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. This research is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional study design. The research subjects involved were 61 pre-dialysis CKD patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that the research subjects consisted of 54.1% male and 45.9% female. The results of the Spearman correlation test showed a weak significant negative correlation between sTfR levels and serum iron in pre-dialysis CKD patients (r = -0.264; p=0.040), but no significant correlation with hemoglobin (r = -0.116; p=0.372) and eGFR ((r = 0.134; p=0.302). This study showed a significant correlation indicating that an increase in serum sTfR levels would affect a decrease in serum iron, so it could be considered as a marker for the management of iron deficiency anemia in CKD.
Toward a Sustainableand Resilient Future

Contributing Authors: Frans Berkhout (Netherlands), Reinette Biggs (South Africa), Hans Günter Brauch (Germany), Katrina Brown (UK), Carl Folke (Sweden), Lisa Harrington (USA), Howard Kunreuther (USA), Carmen Lacambra (Colombia), Robin Leichenko (USA), Reinhard Mechler (Germany), Claudia Pahl-Wostl (Germany), Valentin Przyluski (France), David Satterthwaite (UK), Frank Sperling (Germany), Linda Sygna (Norway), Thomas Tanner (UK), Petra Tschakert (Austria), Kirsten Ulsrud (Norway), Vincent Viguié (France)
Auditory Training

Auditory training, lipreading (speechreading) instruction, and speech conservation form the traditional base of aural rehabilitation procedures. Auditory training for adults has its roots in the work of the aural rehabilitation centers provided by the US Armed Forces during World War II. These facilities provided programs that integrated hearing testing and training procedures aimed at overcoming the effects of acquired hearing loss. Gaeth (1979) gives an excellent overview of the activities of these centers that provided the impetus for the development of audiology as a distinct scientific discipline. In the years since World War II, the major emphasis in audiology has been on the development of diagnostic procedures and hearing aid fitting techniques. Unfortunately, comparatively little work has been undertaken to develop new auditory training techniques and to evaluate their effectiveness. In this article, a variety of procedures aimed at maximizing a hearing-impaired person's use of audition will be outlined. Many of the procedures were originally developed for use with adventitiously, profoundly hearing-impaired adults fitted with hearing aids, tactile aids, or cochlear implants. For many of these people, speech understanding via audition or taction alone is not feasible, and the use of acoustic information needs to be seen as part of a bisensory or multisensory process. Auditory training procedures have, however, been used successfully with adults with moderate and severe hearing losses. It should also be noted that the use of acoustic information is not restricted to speech perception. Numerous studies of the speech of people with acquired profound losses have shown that the loss or reduction of the ability to monitor one's own speech leads to a decline in speech production skills (see Plant, 1993 for a review). Blarney and Alcantara (1994) offer the following definition of auditory training: "the use of instruction, drill, or practice designed to increase the amount of information that hearing contributes to a person's total perception" (Blarney & Alcantara, 1994; p. 163). This definition fits in well with the procedures outlined in this article, which emphasize the use of hearing as a means of auditory-alone speech perception, as a supplement to lipreading— that is, auditory-visual speech perception, and as a means of receiving speech production feedback.
Human Brain Imaging of Tinnitus and Animal Models

Because subjective tinnitus is typically localized to the ear with hearing loss, tinnitus was traditionally thought to originate from neural hyperactivity in the damaged ear. However, most studies have found that hearing loss reduces the neural outputs from the damaged cochlea. These negative ﬁndings led to the hypothesis that tinnitus arises from aberrant neural activity in the central auditory system. Positron emission tomography imaging studies performed on tinnitus patients that could modulate their tinnitus provide evidence showing that the aberrant neural activity that gives rise to tinnitus resides in the central auditory pathway. To investigate the biological basis of tinnitus in more detail, an animal model was developed that allowed behavioral measures of tinnitus to be obtained from individual rats after inducing tinnitus with high doses of salicylate or high-intensity noise. This behavioral model was used to test the efﬁcacy of mem-antine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, and scopolamine, an anticholinergic, in suppressing salicylate-induced tinnitus. Neither drug completely suppressed salicylate-induced tinnitus. To detect the physiological changes associated with tinnitus, chronic microwire electrodes were implanted in the auditory cortex and measurements were obtained from the auditory cortex before and after salicylate and noise exposures known to induce tinnitus. High doses of salicylate or high-level noise exposure generally resulted in sound-evoked hyper-activity in the electrophysiological responses recorded from the auditory cortex of awake-animals. However, anesthetic tended to suppress or abolish the hyperactivity.
3D Mueller-matrix mapping of biological optically anisotropic networks

The paper consists of two parts. The first part presents short theoretical basics of the method of azimuthally-invariant Mueller-matrix description of optical anisotropy of biological tissues. It was provided experimentally measured coordinate distributions of Mueller-matrix invariants (MMI) of linear and circular birefringences of skeletal muscle tissue. It was defined the values of statistic moments, which characterize the distributions of amplitudes of wavelet coefficients of MMI at different scales of scanning. The second part presents the data of statistic analysis of the distributions of amplitude of wavelet coefficients of the distributions of linear birefringence of myocardium tissue died after the infarction and ischemic heart disease. It was defined the objective criteria of differentiation of the cause of death.
Space-vector pulsewidth modulation for a seven-level cascaded H-bridge inverter with the control of DC-link voltages

A control strategy of DC-link voltages for a seven-level cascaded H-bridge inverter is proposed in this paper. The DC-link voltage balancing is accomplished by an appropriate selection of H-bridges and control of their duty cycles in space-vector modulation (SVM) algorithm. The proposed SVM method allows to maintain the same voltage level on all inverter capacitors. Regardless of the balancing function, the SVM strategy makes it possible to generate the output voltage vector properly also in the case where the DC-link voltages are not balanced. The results of simulation and experimental investigations are presented in the paper.
The variance constant for continuous-time level dependent quasi-birth-and-death processes

ABSTRACT We derive the variance constant of continuous-time level dependent quasi-birth-and-death processes by investigating the expected integral functionals of the first return times. As an application, we consider the variance constant for the M/M/c retrial queue with non-persistent customers. For this model, analytical expressions and numerical results are obtained for the cases of single server and multiple servers, respectively. We also apply the obtained result to test the M/M/c vacation model for airport security pre-board screening checkpoint services by constructing a confidence interval for the mean queue length.
Perspectives on the Audiological Evaluation of Individuals with Down Syndrome

Patients with Down syndrome often present with a complicated history of otologic disease, hearing loss, slow speech and language development, and cognitive delay. As audiologists, we are called upon to coordinate audiological care in the context of a team that includes healthcare and educational professionals. Our recommendations need to acknowledge and reflect the uniqueness of this population among the many populations that we serve. This article reviews several unique features characteristic of this population including: (1) the complexity of the middle ear disease that often is chronic and intractable, (2) the strategies for effective testing and common findings across the lifespan, (3) interpretation of objective measures in light of the syndrome, and (4) the unique aging process that is characteristic to Down syndrome.
Investigation of Toy-Noise Exposure in Children

This study analyzed ear canal and open-ﬁeld sound-pressure level measurements of 24 commercially available toys from ﬁve national retail stores. Only toys manufactured after creation of the American Society for Testing and Materials International (ASTM International) noise standard in 2003 were included. Sound-pressure level measurements were compared with the ASTM International standard to determine if toys put children at risk for acquiring noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The efﬁcacy of this standard also was assessed. Results of this study indicate that many children’s toys exceed the current recommended standards for safe noise levels. Children may be at risk for acquiring NIHL if exposed to these toys. A checks-and-balances system might encourage toy manufacturers to better adhere to the standard. Use of probe-microphone measurements in the creation of a new standard might be helpful. In addition to limiting maximum output levels, it might be prudent to require warning labels on all toys that produce noise at an intensity over a speciﬁed level. Current efforts to educate parents on the dangers of NIHL should be continued and expanded.
Closure properties of the second-order regular variation under convolutions

ABSTRACT Second-order regular variation (2RV) is a refinement of the concept of RV which appears in a natural way in applied probability, statistics, risk management, telecommunication networks, and other fields. Let X1, …, Xn be independent and non negative random variables with respective survival functions , and assume that is of 2RV with the first-order parameter − α and the second-order parameter ρi for each i and that all the are tail-equivalent. It is shown, in this paper, that the survival function of the sum ∑ni = 1Xi is also of 2RV. The main result is applied to establish the 2RV closure property for the randomly weighted sum ∑ni = 1ΘiXi, where the weights Θ1, …, Θn are independent and non negative random variables, independent of X1, …, Xn, and satisfying certain moment conditions.
Wising Up about Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: An Evaluation of WISE EARS! A National Campaign to Prevent Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

In 1999, the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) joined forces with public and private partners to launch WISE EARS! , a national campaign to prevent noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The campaign’s objectives were to educate the general public about the risks of NIHL and to motivate individuals and organizations to increase awareness about preventing NIHL. Central to the effort was the development and distribution of free educational materials, available both online and through a toll-free information clearinghouse. The materials included bilingual fact sheets and other publications, promotional items, multimedia presentations, an activity book for third through sixth graders, and an in-depth, Web-interactive curriculum for seventh and eighth grade students. In 2006, NIDCD evaluated WISE EARS! to determine how well the campaign was meeting its objectives and to make recommendations for the future direction of the campaign. Based on the evaluation’s key ﬁndings, NIDCD plans to retool its NIHL campaign by focusing on children ages 9 to 13 years, forging more mutually beneﬁcial partnerships, and making use of delivery channels with the highest potential to attract and engage the target audience.
Survey of Pediatricians and Early Hearing Detection and Identification Programs at a Precise Local Level: An Academic Medical Center

Pediatricians (Peds) are vital to early hearing detection and intervention programs (EHDIPs). Peds should educate families about programs and encourage them to comply with professionals’ recommendations. Surveying Peds at local levels is important for ensuring that they meet benchmarks. This study used a revised questionnaire to assess Peds at Rush University Medical Center (RUMC) about EHDIPs. Of all 115 Peds at RUMC, 21 responded ¼ 18.6% response rate; 57% (12) were residents and 42.9% (9) were attending physicians. Most had knowledge about, experience with, and positive attitudes toward EHDIPs, but could use additional information. Results expanded on earlier surveys by using an updated questionnaire relevant to latest EHDIPs goals and Peds at a precise hospital and provided information for audiologists conducting physician outreach programs to help Peds prevent children from being lost to follow up.