Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pan‐Arctic patterns in black carbon sources and fluvial discharges deduced from radiocarbon and PAH source apportionment markers in estuarine surface sediments

A pan‐arctic geospatial picture of black carbon (BC) characteristics was obtained from the seven largest arctic rivers by combining with molecular combustion markers (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and radiocarbon (14C) analysis. The results suggested that the contribution from modern biomass burning to BC ranged from low in the Yukon (8%) and Lena (5%) Rivers to high in the Yenisey River (88%). The Mackenzie River contributed almost half of the total arctic fluvial BC export of 202 kton a−1 (kton = 109 g), with the five Russian‐Arctic rivers contributing 10–36 kton a−1 each. The 14C‐based source estimate of fluvially exported BC to the Arctic Ocean, weighted by the riverine BC fluxes, amount to about 20% from vegetation/biofuel burning and 80% from 14C‐extinct sources such as fossil fuel combustion and relict BC in uplifted source rocks. Combining these pan‐arctic data with available estimates of BC export from other rivers gave a revised estimate of global riverine BC export flux of 26 × 103 kton a−1. This is twice higher than a single previous estimate and confirms that river export of BC is a more important pathway of BC to the oceans than direct atmospheric deposition.
The application of active disturbance rejection control method to tactical missile electro-hydraulic actuator

Nowadays, electro-hydraulic actuator plays an important role in some modern tactical missiles. High power, great robustness and high tracking precision are the most significant targets for the actuator. However, the dynamics of the electro-hydraulic position servo system are highly nonlinear and have a large extent of model uncertainties, such as tremendous changes in the rudder load and external disturbance torque. So an advanced method of active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is presented in this paper. Firstly, the general principle and structure of the ADRC strategy are introduced in order to improve the robust performance of the system. Then, a novel ADRC controller is designed for estimating and compensating total disturbance based on the mathematical model of the system. Compared with proportional integral derivative (PID) control, various simulation results show that the ADRC control approach can give faster and accurate response, and enhance the robustness of the system. Therefore, the ADRC control strategy is much superior in dealing with dynamic uncertainties and external disturbance for the electro-hydraulic actuator position servo system.
Leveraging Twitter to detect event names associated with a place

The way we refer to a place can often differ from official titles assigned by authorities, especially when referenced in informal settings. This results in a collection of vernacular and alternative names shared and used among the general public but hidden from current gazetteers and place name databases. A common source of these alternative names is when large-scale social events occur in established host sites and the geographical region begins to take on the identity of the event. The limitation of current databases creates conflict in efforts to reconcile the unofficial label with a known location. This paper explores the concept of place-event substitution and methods to detect them via social media with the long-term goal of developing a dynamic place name database. The Twitter streaming API is leveraged in an attempt to monitor host sites and discover patterns of changes in place name terminology among the public.
The location of old groundwater in hydrogeologic basins and layered aquifer systems

The age of groundwater, the time since the water recharged the subsurface, is a fundamental characteristic of groundwater that impacts diverse geologic processes and practical applications. The distribution of groundwater age depends on many factors including permeability, recharge rate, aquifer geometry, and topography. Seminal work simulated topography‐driven regional groundwater flow with various topographies, localized high‐permeability zones, and more recently with permeability decreasing with depth, but the role of layered aquifer systems which are common in both consolidated and unconsolidated sediments has not been systematically explored. Here we show that high age zones with predictable locations occur in layered geologic systems across a wide range of hydraulic gradients, basin geometries, and permeabilities. Numerical simulations of a generic three‐layer aquifer system indicate that high age zones consistently form in the low‐permeability layer near the middle of the basin. The zones of older groundwater result from low groundwater velocities in the low‐permeability layer and the rejuvenation of the groundwater through mixing of different flow paths near discharge zones. The high age zones are not hydraulic stagnation points but are associated with areas of low velocity. Formation and location of zones of high groundwater ages in low‐permeability units are important as these units are targeted for radioactive waste disposal and shale gas extraction. High age zones are also likely to affect geologic processes that depend on groundwater or solute fluxes and may serve as archives of past hydrological or climatological conditions.
Novel genetic algorithm for scheduling of appliances

The introduction of smart metering has brought more detailed information on the actual load profile of a house. With the ability to measure, comes the desire to control the load profile. Furthermore, advances in renewable energy have made the consumer to become supplier, known as Prosumer, who therefore also becomes interested in the detail of his load, and also his energy production. With the lowering cost of smart plugs and other automation units, it has become possible to schedule electrical appliances. This makes it possible to adjust the load profiles of houses. However, without a market in the demand side, the use of load profile modification techniques are unlikely to be adapted by consumers on the long term. In this research, we will be presenting work on scheduling of energy appliances to modify the load profiles within a market environment. The paper will review the literature on algorithms used in scheduling of appliances in residential areas. Whilst many algorithms presented in the literature show that scheduling of appliances is feasible, many issues arise with respect to user interaction, and hence adaptation. Furthermore, the criteria used to evaluate the algorithms is often related only to reducing energy consumption, and hence CO2. Whilst this a key factor, it may not necessarily meet the demands of the consumer. In this paper we will be presenting work on a novel genetic algorithm that will optimize the load profile while taking into account user participation indices. A novel measure of the comfort of the customer, derived from the standard deviation of the load profile, is proposed in order to encourage the customer to participate more actively in demand response programs. Different scenarios will also be tested.
Inferring Complex Hydrographic Processes Using Remote-Sensed Images: Turbulent Fluxes in the Patagonian Gulfs and Implications for Scallop Metapopulation Dynamics

Abstract San Jose Gulf is a small semienclosed bay connected by a narrow mouth to a much larger basin, the San Matias Gulf. Intriguingly, this comparatively small water body, characterized by high biological productivity, has contributed most of the historical shellfish production in the region. A remote sensing approach allowed us to advance a composite conjecture aimed at explaining that phenomenon. A combination of circulation, strong tidal currents, and coastal topography leads to the formation of a frontal system inside San Jose Gulf and to the development of turbulent fluxes that drive the hydrographic regime. The front divides the San Jose Gulf in two domains (west and east). The origin of water flowing into the west domain was tracked to the Valdes Frontal System, on the continental shelf. The west domain is highly turbulent due to the formation of vortexes and dipoles during the tidal cycle. Detachable dipoles formed at the edge of jets outflowing from San Jose Gulf can reach the central part of San Matias Gulf, constituting a possible larval transport mechanism between the two gulfs. Our results led us to postulate that (1) nutrients from the continental shelf are “trapped in” and larvae are retained in the east domain of San Jose Gulf, resulting in persistently high biomass of secondary producers, and (2) asymmetrical exchange, in the form of vorticial flows, “pumps out” waterborne material from the San Jose Gulf into San Matias Gulf, affecting the connectivity between the two basins.
Estimating liquefaction induced ground settlements from CPT for level ground

An integrated approach to estimate liquefaction-induced ground settlements using CPT data for sites with level ground is presented. The approach combines an existing CPT-based method to estimate liquefaction resistance with laboratory test results on clean sand to evaluate the liquefaction-induced volumetric strains for sandy and silty soils. The proposed method was used to estimate the settlements at both the Marina District and Treasure Island sites damaged by liquefaction during the Loma Prieta, California, earthquake on 17 October 1989. Good agreement between the calculated and measured liquefaction-induced ground settlements was found. The major factors that affect the estimation of liquefaction-induced ground settlements are also discussed in detail. The recommendations for taking the effects of these factors into account in estimating liquefaction-induced ground settlements using the proposed CPT-based approach are presented. It is suggested that the proposed method may be used to estimate liquefac.
Managing Change and Time in Dynamic Workflow Processes

Business environments have become exceedingly dynamic and competitive in recent times. This dynamism is manifested in the form of changing process requirements and time constraints. Workflow technology is currently one of the most promising fields of research in business process automation. However, workflow systems to date do not provide the flexibility necessary to support the dynamic nature of business processes. In this paper we primarily discuss the issues and challenges related to managing change and time in workflows representing dynamic business processes. We also present an analysis of workflow modifications and provide feasibility considerations for the automation of this process.
C<sup>2</sup>Mesh

Mesh and Torus are most popular interconnection topologies, based on 2D-Mesh a new interconnection network topology, the Center-Connected Mesh (C<sup>2</sup>Mesh) is proposed. The C<sup>2</sup>Mesh, perform better than the simple 2D mesh and torus interconnection networks. This paper presents an introduction to the new topology C<sup>2</sup>Mesh and analyzes its architectural potential in terms of routing algorithms. Topological properties of the n×n C<sup>2</sup>Mesh network are presented.
Suboptimal Filter for an Estimate of the State of a Dynamical System

The problem for the discrete estimate of move's parameters of an object, when the object moves with uniform acceleration, with Kalman's filter is investigated. The speed's coordinate and casual errors are measured. Solutions, with Kalman 's filter and aging hypothesize of the measurements are given. They are obtained as solutions of recurrent equations for the matrix's filter. The matrix's face for every time's moment is given. The operating duty of a Kalman's filter is investigated. Two models for movements with a uniform acceleration are investigated.
Lower crustal flow in an extensional setting: Constraints from the Halloran Hills region, eastern Mojave Desert, California

Postextensional uplift and tilting of Quaternary lake sediments in the Halloran Hills, eastern Mojave desert, California, suggest that regional-scale flow within the lower crust is occurring in response to tectonic loads created during upper crustal extension in late Miocene time. The concept that significant flow within the lower crust may occur for millions of years after the cessation of extension indicates that topographic gradients can be modified by regional-scale flow within the lower crust and that direct constraints on lower crustal flow can be obtained by quantitative analysis of rates of postextensional surface tilting. An analytic solution, developed in this paper, combines viscous flow in the lower crust, flexural bending within the midcrust, and isostasy into an invertible linear differential equation that describes the topographic response to upper crustal extension. Assuming that there was no topographic relief across the Halloran Hills region prior to extension, inversion of modern topographic data indicates that crustal thinning above the Halloran Hills detachment increases westward with a listric geometry and that little crustal thinning has occurred east of the western flank of Clark Mountain, in good agreement with the known geometry of the fault and the location of its breakaway zone. Incorporation of Quaternary tilting data indicates that the modern viscosity beneath the Halloran Hills (assuming a 10-km lower crustal channel) is a maximum of 1019 Pa s and that the viscosity of the lower crust has decreased by at least 1 to 2 orders of magnitude since 8 Ma. This corresponds to a temperature increase of at least 75° to 100°C at the Moho. In our opinion, the most likely source of this temperature increase is a regional-scale thermal event within the underlying mantle and diffusion of heat upward into the lower crust. If correct, these results have important implications for the way in which crustal extension is linked to mantle heating within the Basin and Range Province.
ρ-Direct Form transposed and Residue Number Systems for Filter implementations

This paper deals with a new approach for Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Filter based on specific structure and arithmetic. The ρ-Direct Form II transposed, introduced by G. Li [1], is an numerically efficient structure for FIR or IIR filters. Compared to classical direct forms, it uses more computations but less bits are necessary for the same precision. These properties made it well conditioned for fixed point arithmetic and its implementations are economical and numerically efficient comparing to other forms. In other hand, Residue Number Systems (RNS) offer an interesting parallelism where operations are made on small values. RNS are well known for improving the performances of DSP filters. We compare our RNS approach to fixed-point implementations of DFI and ρ-DFIIt.
Rapid resolution of crustal motion at short ranges with the global positioning system

On the basis of the analysis of Global Positioning System (GPS) data collected at the U.S. Geological Survey Kennedy Ranch House alinement array near Parkfield, California, in November 1990 and February 1991, we assess the temporal resolution of crustal deformation for GPS receiver systems operating as strain meters and provide guidelines for achieving millimeter-level precision with short-range, kinematic-type GPS measurements. Site occupation of about one-half hour is sufficient for day-to-day repeatability of submillimeter precision in relative position during good satellite geometry. Signal multipath effects which dominate dispersive baseline errors are essentially averaged out and need not be modeled. However, as occupation times decrease, baseline solutions are increasingly sensitive to multipath effects which together with nondispersive receiver measurement noise, are of millimeter to centimeter magnitude in epoch-by-epoch solutions. On repeatedly monitored baselines we can account for both of these noise sources separately. The mostly random receiver noise is effectively suppressed by low-pass filters with corner frequencies of about 20 mHz. The multipath noise is filtered using the fact that it essentially repeats from day to day. Residual errors in filtered 1-s epoch-by-epoch solutions are below 2 mm during periods of good satellite geometry. Hence for a continuously monitored baseline, actual deformation in excess of this threshold can be detected with a time lag comparable to the group delay of the low-pass filter, i.e., typically within a minute. In terms of strain along a typical short baseline of 1 km sampled once per second we can detect 1–2 μs in l min with multipath modeling. Without multipath modeling, it takes 10 min to resolve the same magnitude of deformation. In 30 min we can detect 0.1 μs independent of multipath modeling. These results have important implications for kinematic-type GPS surveys. For millimeter-level precision without impractical multipath modeling it is necessary to occupy a site during good satellite geometry for a period longer than that of the multipath signature. Our experience in both benign and difficult multipath environments indicates that approximately 10 min are sufficient. The measurements at the Kennedy Ranch House alinement array suggest that this segment of the San Andreas fault appears to be virtually locked at the surface during the 3-month period between the two surveys.
Large-scale current-induced erosion and deposition in the path of the 1929 Grand Banks turbidity current

New observations concerning the degree of current-induced erosion and deposition in the path of the 1929 Grand Banks turbidity current are presented. Most of the observations are available from Eastern Valley, Laurentian Fan. Seabeam and SeaMARC I data reveal widespread current erosion along the valley over a distance of 200 km from the shelfbreak. Erosional valley-floor channels are preferentially developed adjacent to the valley margins and the flanks of intravalley highs. Asymmetric transverse bedforms (herein termed gravel waves) are moulded in a deflationary pebble and cobble lag that overlies the eroded valley floor. In contrast, at the distal limit of Eastern Valley, thick deposits of massive granule gravel indicate deposition beneath a decelerating turbidity current. Symmetrical transverse bedforms (herein termed macrodunes) are developed within these granule gravel sediments. The spatial distribution of both bedforms and the areas of erosive excavation suggest that the turbidity current in 1929 was accelerating over the first 100 km from the shelfbreak and was eroding and entraining sediment from the valley floor over a distance of at least 200 km. With the loss of lateral constraint at the distal limit of Eastern Valley the turbidity current spread laterally and started depositing sediment as it decelerated. Current-induced erosion of the valley floor represented a potential source of between 50 and 100 km3 of sediment for incorporation into the resulting turbidite.
Reconstituição do clima de ondas no sul-sudeste brasileiro entre 1997 e 2005

A criterious hindcasting study of the South Atlantic Ocean wave field was made using the model WAVEWATCH III including tests to evaluate which numerical grid would provide the best configuration for the wind and other atmospherics forcing regarding the calibration of the respective fields. It was observed that the wind forcing values were slightly underestimated for speeds below 7.5 m/s and overestimated for speeds above this value for specific sites at Campos and Santos Basins (Brazil). Thus, it was proposed a small correction to compensate any trends in the wind forcing values for the region. The evaluation of resultant wave fields was made using extreme measured sea states at PETROBRAS platform P-25, northern Campos Basin. The comparison of measured and modeled values shows that the adjusted atmospherics forcing provided good results for both significant wave heights (Hs) as well as spectral peak periods (Tp). Although, it was observed that the modeled sea states tend to slightly underestimate the local sea component at the initial storm buildup when a second spectral peak is present. It was also observed that the used numerical grid tends not to capture very compact atmospheric systems due to poor resolution of such small scale features. On a general view, the results reproduce the wave field characteristics of the western South Atlantic Ocean.
Discussion of current dependent grounding resistance using an equivalent circuit considering frequency-dependent soil parameters

This paper discusses an equivalent circuit to consider the frequency dependence of soil parameters. The paper describes a calculation method of the constants of the equivalent circuit. Calculated results using the equivalent circuit considering the constants agree well with experimental results. The equivalent circuit can consider the frequency dependence and the current dependence of grounding resistance simultaneously. Thus, the equivalent circuit is very useful for lightning surge analysis. An influence of the frequency dependence of soil parameters on the current dependence of grounding resistance is discussed using the equivalent circuit.
Accurate Soiling Ratio Determination with Incident Angle Modifier for PV Modules

This paper proposes an empirical equation to determine the soiling ratio (SR) at any instant of time of the day based on the Sun’s angle of incidence (AOI) on the module and a midday SR. The modelled SR was determined with an RMS deviation of ±0.21% and ±0.28% respectively for a high and medium irradiance day, whereas the deviation increased to ±1.04% in case of low irradiance due to clouds.
Operational yield forecast using AVHRR NDVI data: reduction of environmental and inter-annual variability

Operational millet yield forecast has been conducted in Senegal using AVHRR data. This was possible by establishing a linear relation between yield collected in the field and NDVI integrated during the reproductive period of millet growth. A bio-physical frame was adapted in order to understand and reduce inter-annual and environmental variability. This was done by limiting potential variation of plant physiological parameters by accounting for vegetation complexity and differences in productivity: (1) Subtracting a pre-growing season NDVI reference level from the NDVI integral improved significantly the level of explained yield variance and was interpreted to reduce the influence of non-crop vegetation within the agricultural domain. (2) Soil and vegetation maps were used to identify areas of homogeneous environmental production conditions. Using this information along with the NDVI integral, accorded a millet yield regression model with a correlation coefficient of r2 0.72 and a standard error of estima.
Bound waves and bragg scattering in a wind-wave tank

We present optical and microwave measurements that show the presence of bound waves traveling at the speed of the dominant wave in a wind-wave tank. We suggest that when these bound waves are much shorter than the dominant waves, they are preferentially located on the leeward face of the dominant wave and hence have a mean tilt. We hypothesize that the turbulence associated with these bound waves suppresses freely propagating, wind-generated waves where bound waves are present so that we may divide the rough water surface into patches containing free and patches containing bound waves. This model is shown to account for the observed histograms of slope measured in the tank and, at least qualitatively, for the observed decrease in the probability of finding bound waves with increasing wind speed. Furthermore, if we add these bound, tilted waves to the free waves of the standard Bragg/composite-surface scattering model for microwave scattering from rough water surfaces, then the model can account for many otherwise unexplained features of the scattering. Principal among these features are the rapid decrease in polarization ratio and rapid increase in the first moment of the microwave Doppler spectrum with increasing wind speed when the antenna is directed upwind, features that occur to a much lesser extent when the antenna looks downwind.