Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grounding the economic selection index for evaluation and selection of dairy cattle

The aim of the research was to develop a selection index for the evaluation and selection of dairy cattle for increasing milk production and reproductive traits. Materials of the research were data on milk production and reproduction of cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed in commercial farm in Kharkiv region. Studies showed that there was a certain antagonism between milk productivity and reproduction of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cow. The coefficients of phenotypic correlation between milk yield, fat and protein yield and the days open ranged from +0.284 to +0.293. Selection indexes were built, which included protein, fat yield, and days open. The developed selection indexes were characterized by a high relationship with the protein yield (α<0.001), much lower – with the fat yield (α<0.05), while the relationship of the selection indexes with the days open was almost absent. The calculated estimates of correlation and regression coefficients made possible to predict correlated responses of milk production and reproduction traits on selection index. The results showed that the developed selection indexes allow increase the milk production of cows and at the same time to prevent decrease in the level of reproduction.
Centre and Periphery in the Ancient World

This collaborative volume is concerned with long-term social change. Envisaging individual societies as interlinked and interdependent parts of a global social system, the aim of the contributors is to determine the extent to which ancient societies were shaped over time by their incorporation in - or resistance to - the larger system. Their particular concern is the dependent relationship between technically and socially more developed societies with a strong state ideology at the centre and the simpler societies that functioned principally as sources of raw materials and manpower on the periphery of the system. The papers in the first part of the book are all concerned with political developments in the Ancient Near East and the notion of a regional system as a framework for analysis. Part 2 examines the problems of conceptualising local societies as discrete centres of development in the context of both the Near East and prehistoric Europe during the second millennium BC. Part 3 then presents a comprehensive analytical study of the Roman Empire as a single system showing how its component parts often relate to each other in uneven, even contradictory, ways.
The Importance of Accountability for Knowledge Sharing: The Role of Knowledge-oriented Leadership

This study investigates the interaction of artifacts of accountability, perceived accountability, and knowledge sharing. We further examine the moderation of knowledge-oriented leadership in the relationship between perceived accountability and knowledge sharing. Data were collected from 345 sales employees from pharmaceutical organizations in Pakistan, and we used Smart PLS-SEM to test the model and the proposed hypotheses. The results suggest that identifiability, expectation evaluation, awareness of monitoring, and social presence awareness are positively related to perceived accountability, which leads to knowledge sharing. However, the results do not support the positive moderation of knowledge-oriented leadership in the relationship between perceived accountability and knowledge sharing; in fact, they suggest a negative moderation. This study contributes to accountability theory and contextual leadership theory by examining the interaction of contextual leadership and accountability in the context of knowledge sharing as a desired outcome. We argue that contextual leadership vague the existence of perceived accountability, and this is an important theoretical contribution that will help and guide scholars to conduct future research in order to take the knowledge level to an upper level. Furthermore, it is also useful for the organizational manager that how they can encourage knowledge sharing among employees using the information systems and the accountability concepts.
Dose-dependent regulation of kidney mitochondrial function by angiotensin II

Background Intrarenal hypoxia has been suggested a unifying pathway to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and increased mitochondria leak respiration, which increases mitochondrial oxygen usage and is one important mechanism contributing to the development of the hypoxia. Previous studies indicate that angiotensin II (Ang II) effects on mitochondria function could be dose dependent. We investigated how moderate and high levels of Ang II affect kidney mitochondria function and pathways of leak respiration. Methods C57 black 6 mice were treated with either vehicle or Ang II in low dose (400 ng/kg/min) or high dose (1,000 ng/kg/min) for 4 weeks. The function of kidney cortex mitochondria was measured by high-resolution respirometry. Ang II effects on gene expression in kidney tissue were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Thiobarbituric acids reactive substances were determined as a marker of oxidative stress, and urinary protein excretion was measured as a maker of kidney injury. Results Low-dose Ang II induced overall mitochondria respiration, without compromising capacity of ATP production. Mitochondrial leak respiration was increased, and levels of oxidative stress were unchanged. However, high-dose Ang II decreased overall mitochondria respiration and reduced mitochondrial capacity for ATP production. Mitochondrial leak respiration was decreased, and oxidative stress increased in kidney tissue. Furthermore, gene expression of mediators that stimulate vasoconstriction and ROS production was increased, while components of counteracting pathways were decreased. Conclusions In conclusion, Ang II dose-dependently affects mitochondrial function and leak respiration. Thus, Ang II has the potential to directly affect cellular metabolism during conditions of altered Ang II signaling.
Computational Molecular Docking and Simulation-Based Assessment of Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn Phytochemicals

The leaves, flowers, seeds, and bark of the Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn plant have been pharmacologically evaluated to signify the medicinal importance traditionally described for various ailments. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory potentials of 26 natural compounds using AutoDock 4.2 and Molecular Dynamics (MDS) performed with the GROMACS tool. SwissADME evaluated ADME (adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) parameters. Arb_E and Beta-sito, natural compounds of the plant, showed significant levels of binding affinity against COX-1, COX-2, PDE4, PDE7, IL-17A, IL-17D, TNF-α, IL-1β, prostaglandin E2, and prostaglandin F synthase. The control drug celecoxib exhibited a binding energy of −9.29 kcal/mol, and among the tested compounds, Arb_E was the most significant (docking energy: −10.26 kcal/mol). Beta_sito was also observed with high and considerable docking energy of −8.86 kcal/mol with the COX-2 receptor. COX-2 simulation in the presence of Arb_E and control drug celecoxib, RMSD ranged from 0.15 to 0.25 nm, showing stability until the end of the simulation. Also, MM-PBSA analysis showed that Arb_E bound to COX-2 exhibited the lowest binding energy of −277.602 kJ/mol. Arb_E and Beta_sito showed interesting ADME physico-chemical and drug-like characteristics with significant drug-like effects. Therefore, the studied natural compounds could be potential anti-inflammatory molecules and need further in vitro/in vivo experimentation to develop novel anti-inflammatory drugs.
An Intelligent Framework Based on Deep Learning for Online Quran Learning during Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic influenced the whole world and changed social life globally. Social distancing is an effective strategy adopted by all countries to prevent humans from being infected. Al-Quran is the holy book of Muslims and its listening and reading is one of the obligatory activities. Close contact is essential in traditional learning system; however, most of the Al-Quran learning schools were locked down to minimize the spread of COVID-19 infection. To address this limitation, in this paper, we propose a novel system using deep learning to identify the correct recitation of individual alphabets, words from a recited verse and a complete verse of Al-Quran to assist the reciter. Moreover, in the proposed approach, if the user recites correctly, his/her voice is also added to the existing dataset to leverage proposed approach effectiveness. We employ mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) to extract voice features and long short-term memory (LSTM), a recurrent neural network (RNN) for classification. The said approach is validated using the Al-Quran dataset. The results demonstrate that the proposed system outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches with an accuracy rate of 97.7%. This system will help the Muslim community all over the world to recite the Al-Quran in the right way in the absence of human help due to similar future pandemics.
Heterosexist system justification: Identity and ideology explain variability in sexual minorities’ opposition to homophobia and support for LGBTQ+ rights

We hypothesized that because politically conservative ideology legitimizes the status quo—including heteronormative institutions and arrangements—it should be negatively associated with in-group identification, opposition to homophobia, and support for LGBTQ+ rights among sexual minorities. These hypotheses, which were derived from system justification theory, were assessed in large US samples of sexual minority respondents. In Study 1 (N = 4,530) and Study 2 (N = 1,107), we observed that more conservative sexual minorities expressed weaker sexual identification, and, relatedly, less support for same-sex marriage and adoption and other rights and privileges, as well as less participation in collective action in favor of LGBTQ+ rights. In Study 3 (N = 446), heterosexist system justification was associated with decreased sexual identification and support for LGBTQ+ rights. In all studies, identity and ideology accounted for unique variance in support for vs. opposition to LGBTQ+ rights. Implications for the politics of sexual identity and collective action among disadvantaged groups are discussed.
Effects of the Wall Temperature on Rarefied Gas Flows and Heat Transfer in a Micro-Nozzle

When the satellite is in orbit, the thruster will experience drastic temperature changes (100–1000 K) under solar radiation, which will affect the rarefied gas flow state in the micro-nozzle structure of the cold gas micro-thruster. In this study, the effect of different wall temperatures on the rarefied flow and heat transfer in the micro-nozzle is investigated based on the DSMC method. The micro-nozzle structure in this paper has a micro-channel with a large length-to-diameter ratio of 10 and a micro-scale needle valve displacement (maximum needle valve displacement up to 4 μm). This leads to more pronounced multiscale flow characteristics in the micro-nozzle, which is more influenced by the change in wall temperature. At wall temperatures ranging from 100 K to 1000 K, the spatial distribution of local Kn distribution, slip velocity distribution, temperature, and wall heat flux distribution in the micro-nozzle were calculated. The slip flow region is located in the flow channel and transforms into transition flow as the slip velocity reaches approximately 50 m/s. The spatial distribution of the flow pattern is dominated by the wall temperature at small needle valve opening ratios. The higher the wall temperature, the smaller the temperature drop ratio in the low-temperature region inside the micro-nozzle. The results of the study provide a reference for the design of temperature control of micro-nozzles in cold gas micro-thrusters.
The Loneliness of Low-Income Older Adults in a Federal Volunteering Program: A Network Perspective

Volunteering has been associated with increased social interactions and reduced feelings of loneliness among older adults. However, a growing number of social network analyses (SNA) conducted in the general population outside of volunteering contexts suggest that lonely individuals tended to interact with other lonely individuals in the network, reinforcing loneliness through peer associations. To better understand the psychosocial impact of peer interactions among older adults within volunteer programs, this study examines how older adults’ loneliness is correlated with their peers’ loneliness within the Senior Companions Program (SCP). This study collected information on the social networks within an SCP in a Midwest Metropolitan and feelings of loneliness among low-income Russian, Khmer, Somali, Nepali, and English-speaking older volunteers (N = 41). A linear network autocorrelation model (LNAM) was constructed to quantify how volunteers’ loneliness is correlated with their peers’ loneliness within SCP. The LNAM results indicated that less lonely volunteers tended to make friends with lonelier volunteers (ρ = -.06, p < .05) in SCP even when accounting for statistical controls. The finding that more and less lonely individuals connect indicates an altruistic tendency for less lonely individuals to interact with those who are lonelier. This may be an important pathway by which volunteering addresses loneliness.
Humic acids enhance salt stress tolerance associated with pyrroline 5-carboxylate synthetase gene expression and hormonal alteration in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Humic acid (HA) has been used as an important component in biostimulant formulations to enhance plant tolerance to salt stress, but the mechanisms underlying are not fully understood. This study was to investigate the physiological and molecular mechanisms of HA’s impact on salt stress tolerance in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The two types of HA were extracted from weathered coal samples collected from Wutai County (WTH) and Jingle County (JLH) of Shanxi Province, China. The grass seedlings subjected to salt stress (250 mM NaCl) were treated with HA solutions containing 0.01% WTH (W/V) or 0.05% JLH (W/V), respectively. The HA treatments improved leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs) and reduced leaf oxidative injury (lower malondialdehyde content) and Pro and intercellular CO2 concentrations in salt-stressed perennial ryegrass. The HA treatments also reversed the decline in antioxidative enzymes ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and improved growth and anti-senescence hormones indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and brassinosteroid (BR). The HA treatments reduced the relative expression of P5CS and its downstream products proline (Pro) and the stress defense hormones abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and polyamines (PA). The results of this study indicate that the application of HAs may improve salt stress tolerance by regulating P5CS gene expression related to osmotic adjustment and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and anti-senescence hormones in perennial ryegrass.
Implications of age in mammographic density interpretation

Abstract Objective. The importance of breast density correlated with its significant impaction in Mammogram’s interpretation and to the increased risk of development of breast cancer, we examined the breast density of 1051 of screening and diagnostic Mammography in Mammography unit in Benghazi medical center, our study aimed to find the relationship between the age and mammographic breast density. Materials and Methods. This is a retrospective review of the diagnostic and screening Mammography underwent in Benghazi Medical Center’s in Mammography unit during 2016-2917. Analysis of variance and descriptive analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between patient age and breast density. Results. A total of 1051 women were examined by digital mammography at Department of Radiology in Benghazi Medical Center during the period from 2016-2017, the women age was ranged from 22 to 88 years with a median age of 48 years, the subgroups are Classified by the age decade, and we find that the relationship between the age and the breast density is significant inverse relation (p=0.000) 60.9% of patients between40 and 49 years old had dense breasts. and it reduced to 36.6% of women in their 50s. However, 28.7% of females in their 60s and 5.3% of patients in their 70s had dense breasts as interpreted on their screening and diagnostic mammograms. Conclusion. We found that the age of the patient and the breast density are related inversely, but the interest is that we also found extreme value at the extremes of age where a considerable percentage of young women had mostly fatty tissue rather than glandular tissue and at the same time there's also a meaningful group of old women has dense breast tissue instead of fatty tissue.
Not so peaceful: aggressive encounters between Beni titi monkey (Plecturocebus modestus) groups in Bolivia

We report observations of intergroup interactions from a free ranging group of the endemic and threatened Beni titi monkey (Plecturocebus modestus). Our observations over the course of one study year suggest that competition for food resources is the main reason for most observed intergroup encounters (n=64), including aggressive interactions (n=28). Additionally, threats to group integrity, such as potential loss of members, might promote very aggressive encounters, including three fights observed between adults of neighbouring groups. We provide new information on the intraspecific relationships for these endemic primates related to their use of space and food resources.
The influence of psychological needs and motivation on game cheating: insights from self-determination theory

Introduction Game cheating (i.e., behavior of violating rules in games by using unregulated Software or assistive devices to gain advantage) poses a fatal problem as it destroys fair competition systems and negatively impacts the game ecosystem. Game cheating is reported to be common in competitive online games because they stimulate strongly a user’s motivation and psychological needs. However, there is still in lack of academic research which focused on the issue from the psycho-social perspective. Methods This study investigated the relationships between basic psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness) and motivation (i.e., intrinsic and extrinsic) based on self-determination theory, and examined their effects on the degree of game cheating with survey data of 322 gamers in a competitive online gaming community. Results The results showed the opposite associations between the two forms of motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic) and game cheating. On one hand, extrinsic motivation decreased by autonomy enhanced the degree of game cheating. On the other hand, intrinsic motivation increased by both autonomy and relatedness finally abated game cheating. Competence did not influence any form of motivation. The results indicated that people motivated by interest or enjoyment (i.e., intrinsic motivation) of the game tend to view game cheating negatively while those motivated by game victory and rewards are likely to have positive attitudes toward game cheating. Increasing the degree of user autonomy and social relations in the game could decrease game cheating through the enhancement of intrinsic motivation. Discussion Digital game cheating is a crucial problem threatening the spread of game culture and the growth of the eSports industry. The findings of this study reveal the influence of psychological needs and intrinsic motivation related to ‘game cheating,’ providing valuable guidelines in educational and policy aspects.
Mammography Compliance for Arizona and New Mexico Hispanic and American Indian Women 2016–2018

Hispanic and American Indian (AI) women experience lower breast cancer incidence than non-Hispanic White (NHW) women, but later-stage diagnoses and lower survival rates, suggesting issues with screening and healthcare access. Between 1999–2015, NHW breast cancer incidence decreased by 10% but increased by 8% for AI women. This study used 2016 and 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for Arizona and New Mexico to explore mammography screening. Analyses included Hispanic, AI, and NHW women aged ≥40 years (n = 12,830) to calculate age-specific compliance by race/ethnicity, logistic regression, and adjusted and sample-weighted evaluated associations between compliance and socio-economic covariates. In total, 75.1% of Hispanic women aged 50–74 reported mammography in the past two years (United States Preventive Services Task Force compliant) compared to 73.9% of NHW and 71.0% of AI women. Women who reported doctor visits in the past 12 months were likelier to comply than those without (AOR = 4.2 for Hispanic, 2.9 for AI, and 3.2 for NHW women). Reporting access to a personal doctor was related to compliance, except for AI women. While screening compliance was over 74%, visiting a healthcare provider in the past 12 months was essential. AI women reported issues that suggest unique challenges when deciding on mammography.
A Compressive Signal Detection Scheme Based on Sparsity

Compressed sensing is a revolutionary technology in the research (cid:12)eld of signal processing, which can reconstruct the sparse signal using fewer number of compressive measurements compared with conventional reconstruction methods. Compressed sensing can also be utilized to detect the sparse signal. However, the exact reconstruction operation is not necessary when the system aims to detect such sparse signal. Based on compressed sensing, a new compressive signal detection scheme using the sparsity order of the sparse signal is proposed in this paper. Compared with similar detection scheme using the supports of the sparse signal, the newly proposed scheme requires much fewer number of compressive samples. In particular, the proposed scheme does not require the support prior-information of the sparse signal. Simulation results verify the advantages of the proposed scheme and indicate that the new scheme can achieve better detection performance.