Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear viscous fingering in miscible displacement with anisotropic dispersion

The effect of anisotropic dispersion on nonlinear viscous fingering in miscible displacements is examined. The formulation admits dispersion coefficient‐velocity field couplings (i.e., mechanical dispersivities) appropriate to both porous media and Hele–Shaw cells. A Hartley transform‐based scheme is used to numerically simulate unstable miscible displacement. Several nonlinear finger interactions were observed. Shielding, spreading, tip splitting, and pairing of viscous fingers were observed here, as well as in isotropic simulations. Multiple coalescence and fading were observed in simulations with weak lateral dispersion, but not for isotropic dispersion. Transversely and longitudinally averaged one‐dimensional concentration histories demonstrate the rate at which the mixing zone broadens and the increase in lateral scale as the fingers evolve when no tip splitting occurs. These properties are insensitive to both the dispersion anisotropy and the Peclet number at high Peclet number and long times. This suggests the dominance of finger interaction mechanisms that are essentially independent of details of the concentration fields and governed fundamentally by pressure fields.
Tolerance Prediction for Forming Force of Upsetting-Extruding Process by Using Points of Monomial Cubature Rules

An efficient method for estimating the range of forming force for an upsetting-extruding process was proposed, which may be useful to choose appropriate forming equipment. The accurate prediction of the forming force of an upsetting-extruding process is the key to form a work piece successfully. However, the forming force is variable in a certain range for the variation of material and process parameters. In general, the variation is dominated by some of the main effects and lower-order interactions due to the sparsity-of-effect principle. Therefore, the construction of polynomial chaos expansion with points of monomial cubature rules, which need fewer points than other kinds of integral, is particularly attractive in dealing with computational model for the forming simulation. An automobile threated plate is used to illustrate the validation of the method.
Form and function: the phylogenesis of predatory behavior.

The act of predation is defined here to include the behavior of insectivores. By examining the behavior of a set of morphologically conservative mammals, a common pattern of prey capture can be identified. Mammals with a conservative morphology and that are active predators may have similar bite efficiencies. Acts of predation in nature are only rarely documented and researchers are often constrained by dependence on indirect evidence and captive studies. Remarkable instances of convergence in the form and function of predators are discernible even when different phylogenetic lines are compared. Some marsupials demonstrate patterns of predatory behavior that are comparable to placentals.
Detecting annual anthropogenic encroachment on intertidal vegetation using full Landsat time-series in Fujian, China

ABSTRACT Intertidal vegetation plays an essential role in habitat provision for waterbirds but suffers great losses due to human activities. However, it is challenging in tracking the human-driven loss and degradation of intertidal vegetation due to rapid urbanization in a high temporal resolution. In this study, a methodological framework based on full Landsat time-series (FLTS) is proposed to detect the year of change (YOC) of intertidal vegetation converted to impervious surfaces (ISs) and artificial ponds (APs), and the condition of the remaining intertidal vegetation was also assessed by FLTS, in the Fujian province, a subtropical coastal area lying in southeast China. The accuracies of the YOC detection of intertidal vegetation converted to IS and AP were 91.84% and 72.73%, with mean absolute errors of 0.26 and 1.06, respectively. The total areas of intertidal vegetation encroached by IS and AP were 31.68 km2 and 23.85 km2, respectively. Most ISs were developed later than 2010, and most APs were developed earlier than 2005, which are highly related to the implementation of local policies for economic development. The remaining intertidal vegetation in growing, stable, and degraded conditions were 43.05%, 56.38%, and 0.57%, respectively. The results indicated that areas of intertidal vegetation were reclaimed for anthropogenic uses at a considerable rate, although the intertidal vegetation still increased owing to natural development after the establishment of natural reserves. The study demonstrates that the FLTS has capacities in monitoring the dynamics in coastal zones solely for its dense earth observations.
Comparison of a novel adaptive lens with deformable mirrors and its application in high-resolution in-vivo OCT imaging

We present a novel adaptive lens that can correct high order aberrations, and which has the potential to increase the diffusion of adaptive optics to many new applications by simplifying the integration of a wavefront corrector inside existing systems. The adaptive lens design that we present can correct for Zernike wavefront aberrations up to the 4th order. The adaptive lens performance are compared with the one of a membrane and bimorph deformable mirrors used together in a wide field microscope setup, using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor for closed loop control. The adaptive lens was also integrated with Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography for in-vivo imaging of mouse retinal structures using an image based wavefront sensorless control.
Obtaining super resolution light spot using surface plasmon assisted sharp ridge nanoaperture

Finite difference time domain computations is used to study surface plasmon (SP) excitation around C- and H-shaped ridge nanoapertures made in silver film. The SP enhances optical transmission, in addition to the transmission mechanism of the waveguide propagation mode and Fabry-Perot-like resonance. However, the near-field collimation of ridge aperture is found completely destroyed. On the other hand, using a bowtie-shaped aperture with sharp ridges made in silver, the loss of near-field collimation can be recovered. A super resolution optical spot with full width half magnitude as small as 12nm×16nm is achieved due to the resonant SP excitation localized at the tips of bowtie. Much higher field enhancement is also obtained compared to the bowtie aperture made in chromium.
Use of the Vascular Overload Index to Predict Cardiovascular Disease in a Rural Population of China

Objective To explore the relationship between vascular overload index (VOI) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in rural population and find effective ways to prevent cardiovascular disease in rural low-income populations. Methods The data for this study was obtained from a large cohort study called the Northeast China Rural Cardiovascular Health Study (NCRCHS) conducted in 2013 and followed up during 2015-2018. 10,174 subjects completed at least one follow-up visit. Cox regression equation was used to explore whether VOI and cardiovascular disease were independently related. The Kaplan-Meier curves were used to calculate the cumulative incidence of any adverse outcome, and the log-rank test and restrict mean survival analysis were used to compare group differences. Reclassification and discrimination statistics were used to determine whether VOI could strengthen the ability of the model to predict CVD events. Results The prevalence of CVD in the VOI quartiles was 1.92%, 3.96%, 5.42%, and 11.34% for Q1–Q4, respectively (P for trend <0.001). After adjusting for multiple confounders, there was a 2.466-fold increased risk of CVD when comparing the highest and lowest groups. Besides, this study found that for every standard deviation increase, the results still exist. The risk of cardiovascular disease increased by 1.358-fold in this model. The restrict mean survival analysis results show that with the increase of VOI, the restrict mean survival time (RMST) within 5 years gradually became shorter. Reclassification and discrimination statistics indicated that VOI significantly enhanced the ability to estimate CVD events within 4 years. Conclusion Analyses showed that VOI was significantly associated with CVD. VOI is a simple and accurate prognostic marker of CVD risk, which has the potential ability to improve the risk stratification of CVD.
Influence of Junction-Capacitance and Dead-Time on Dual-Active-Bridge Actual Soft-Switching-Range: Analytic Analysis and Solution

Dual active bridges (DABs) may lose zero voltage switching (ZVS) operation when the junction capacitance of semiconductors cannot be fully charged or discharged within dead time. The influence above is more serious especially under light load because the switching current is small. The aim of this article is to analyze the influence of the junction capacitance and dead time on the ZVS range of DAB and propose a novel modulation to eliminate the influence. It is concluded that DAB has an inherent non-ZVS region due to the influence of junction capacitance and dead time. Besides, the exact ZVS range of DAB is given when the junction capacitance and dead time are considered. In view of the influence of junction capacitance and dead time, this article proposed a mixed-mode modulation, which enables DAB to avoid operating in non-ZVS region. Finally, a 4.5 kW rated prototype is made and experimental results are presented to verify the previous conclusions. The efficiency with the proposed method can be up to 4% higher under light load than that with the traditional method ignoring nonideal factors.
Optimal adaptive randomized designs for clinical trials

Optimal decision-analytic designs are deterministic. Such designs are appropriately criticized in the context of clinical trials because they are subject to assignment bias. On the other hand, balanced randomized designs may assign an excessive number of patients to a treatment arm that is performing relatively poorly. We propose a compromise between these two extremes, one that achieves some of the good characteristics of both. We introduce a constrained optimal adaptive design for a fully sequential randomized clinical trial with k arms and n patients. An r-design is one for which, at each allocation, each arm has probability at least r of being chosen, 0 ⩽ r ⩽ 1/k. An optimal design among all r-designs is called r-optimal. An r 1 -design is also an r 2 -design if r 1 ⩾ r 2 . A design without constraint is the special case r = 0 and a balanced randomized design is the special case r = 1/k. The optimization criterion is to maximize the expected overall utility in a Bayesian decision-analytic approach, where utility is the sum over the utilities for individual patients over a 'patient horizon' N. We prove analytically that there exists an r-optimal design such that each patient is assigned to a particular one of the arms with probability 1 − (k − 1)r, and to the remaining arms with probability r. We also show that the balanced design is asymptotically r-optimal for any given r, 0 ⩽ r < 1/k, as N/n → ∞. This implies that every r-optimal design is asymptotically optimal without constraint. Numerical computations using backward induction for k = 2 arms show that, in general, this asymptotic optimality feature for r-optimal designs can be accomplished with moderate trial size n if the patient horizon N is large relative to n. We also show that, in a trial with an r-optimal design, r < 1/2, fewer patients are assigned to an inferior arm than when following a balanced design, even for r-optimal designs having the same statistical power as a balanced design. We discuss extensions to various clinical trial settings. Copyright 2007, Oxford University Press.
Decompression of Initially Cold Neutron Star Matter: A Mechanism for the r-Process?

Des calculs sont realises afin d'etudier la decompression de la matiere initialement froide d'une etoile a neutrons. La decompression est exploree a partir d'une temperature initiale de OK a des densites finales en dessous de 4×10 11 gcm 3 et des temperatures de 10 9 K. Les resultats montrent que la matiere decompressee s'echauffe dans tous les cas a des temperatures du type processus r par des desintegrations β des noyaux riches en neutrons
Hall mobility of positive holes in Cu2O

Hall mobility of photoexcited holes in the \(\varGamma_{7}^{+}\) valence band of Cu 2 O has been measured at low temperatures. On the basis of the theory of carrier-lattice interactions in polyatomic crystals the intrinsic scattering mechanisms of this substance have been clarified, for the first time, in a wide temperature range up to 400 K. From 40 K to 100 K scattering is dominated by the low-frequency LO phonon, ω 1 . Above 100 K, the effect of the high-frequency LO phonon, ω 2 , becomes remarkable. Here, ω 1 =153 cm -1 and ω 2 =660 cm -1 at 4.2 K. Mobility quenching due to the metastable self-trapping of holes possibly underlies the phenomena above 200 K. Below 40 K, the temperature dependence of mobility can be explained in terms of a combination of the effects of optical, acoustical and neutral impurity scatterings. The magnitude of the deformation potential of the \(\varGamma_{7}^{+}\) valence band is estimated to be as small as 0.7±0.3 eV.
New insight into optimization and variational problems in the 17th century

First, a synopsis of the major changes of natural science, mathematics and philosophy within the 17th century shall highlight the birth of the new age of science and technology. Based on Fermat's principle of the shortest light‐way and Galilei's first attempt of an approximative solution of the so‐called Brachistochrone problem using a quarter of the circle, Johann Bernoulli published a competition for this problem in 1696, and six solutions were submitted by the most famous scientists of the time and published in 1697, even though the variational calculus was only published in 1744 by Euler for the first time. Especially the analytical solution of Jakob Bernoulli contains already the main idea of Euler's variational calculus, i.e. to vary only one function value at a time using a finite difference method and proceeding to the infinitesimal limit. Also Leibniz' geometric solution is very remarkable, realizing a direct discrete variational method geometrically which was invented numerically much later in the 19th century by Ritz and Galerkin and generalized to the finite element method by introducing test and trial functions in finite subspaces. A new finite element solution of the non‐linear Brachistochrone problem concludes the paper. It is important to recognize that besides the roots of variational calculus also the first formulations of conservation laws in mechanics and their applications originated in the 17th century.
EFEITO DO USO DO FARELO DA SEMENTE DE CUPUAÇU SOBRE A CONTAGEM DE CÉLULAS CALICIFORMES NA MUCOSA JEJUNAL DE FRANGOS DE CORTE CAIPIRA

INTRODUÇÃO Nos últimos anos tem se observado a busca cada vez maior por eficiência produtiva atrelada a redução dos custos produtivos o que tem estimulado produtores e pesquisadores a estudarem alternativas eficientes que promovam maior lucratividade dentro dos sistemas de criação. Dentre as alternativas para otimizar a produção animal, pode ser considerado o aproveitamento de resíduos agroindustriais como forma de reduzir os custos de produção com alimentação. O Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) é uma fruta de origem Amazônica pertencente ao gênero Theobroma, considerado o fruto mais cultivado na região e com grande potencial para industrialização e comercialização da polpa, devido suas características de sabor e aroma (Lopes,2000). Durante o processo de extração da polpa do fruto Cupuaçu, grande parte do resíduo gerado é composto pela semente e o residual de polpa aderido a semente, sendo está em muitos casos descartada pelas agroindústrias de beneficiamento. Apesar de ser material residual, a semente de cupuaçu apresenta características nutricionais interessantes, com 11,08% de carboidratos, 9,69 % de proteínas, 43,74% de lipídeos, 27,75% de fibras insolúveis e 4,78% de fibras solúveis (Rodrigues, 2012), que tornam esse resíduo um produto potencial para
Bosonic and Fermionic Realizations of The Affine Algebra sˆo2n

We give an explicit description of the Kac-Peterson-Lepowsky constr tion of the basic representation for the affine Lie algebra sˆo2n(C). Using the conjugacy classes of the Weyl group of sˆo2n(C), we describe all equivalent maximal Heisenberg subalgebras (HSA's) of the correspond: affine Lie algebra. We associate to these HSA's multicomponent charged and neutral free fermionic fields. The boson-fermion correspondence these fields provides us with fermionic vertex operators, whose 'norr, ordered products' give the (twisted) vertex operators of the Kac-Peters( Lepowsky construction.
A Nonsteady Heat Diffusion Problem with Spherical Symmetry

A solution in successive approximations is presented for the heat diffusion across a spherical boundary with radial motion. The approximation procedure converges rapidly provided the temperature variations are appreciable only in a thin layer adjacent to the spherical boundary. An explicit solution for the temperature field is given in the zero order when the temperature at infinity and the temperature gradient at the spherical boundary are specified. The first‐order correction for the temperature field may also be found. It may be noted that the requirements for rapid convergence of the approximate solution are satisfied for the particular problem of the growth or collapse of a spherical vapor bubble in a liquid when the translational motion of the bubble is neglected.
CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREMS FOR THE SPECTRA OF A CLASS OF RANDOM SELF-SIMILAR FRACTALS

We discuss the spectral asymptotics of some open subsets of the real line with random fractal boundary and of a random fractal, the continuum random tree. In the case of open subsets with random fractal boundary we establish the existence of the second order term in the asymptotics almost surely and then determine when there will be a central limit theorem which captures the uctuations around this limit. We will show examples from a class of random fractals generated from Dirichlet distributions as this is a relatively simple setting in which there are sets where there will and will not be a central limit theorem. The Brownian continuum random tree can also be viewed as a random fractal generated by a Dirichlet distribution. The rst order term in the spectral asymptotics is known almost surely and here we show that there is a central limit theorem describing the uctuations about this, though the positivity of the variance arising in the central limit theorem is left open. In both cases these fractals can be described through a general Crump-Mode-Jagers branching process and we exploit this connection to establish our central limit theorems for the higher order terms in the spectral asymptotics. Our main tool is a central limit theorem for such general branching processes which we prove under conditions which are weaker than those previously known.
Indirect formulations for symmetric Galerkin BEM and space derivative problems

An indirect symmetric Galerkin BEM (SGBEM) is applied to 2D potential problems in this paper. Based on the assumption that solutions from different methods should be the same, the hypersingular matrix appeared in SGBEM is approximately expressed by those matrices appeared in asymmetric Galerkin BEM (AGBEM). As only strong and weak singularities need to be solved, the problem becomes much simpler. The space derivatives of potential are expressed with a set of new meaning distributed flux, which will produce the same potential on the boundary position for Ω in the unbounded domain Ω+Ω′, so that hypersingularity will not appear for boundary points. Therefore, there is no need of C1,α for the spatial interpolation function (no Galerkin integration can be used for this purpose). Formulations for both the steady‐state and time‐domain potential problems are given. Three numerical examples are analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed indirect method.
Modeling of Solar Spectral Irradiance Data from Cloudless to Overcast Skies

Solar spectral models applicable to partly cloudy and overcast skies as well as cloudless skies are developed by the analyses of standing spectral observation data in Japan. To characterize solar spectral irradiance in detail by decomposing a global spectrum into a direct and diffuse spectrum, not only global spectra but also diffuse spectra have been observed. The average photon energies of the diffuse spectra were changed largely by the cloud cover in contrast to the little dependence in the direct spectra, which confirms the importance of separate observations. Spectral models describing the effects of clouds on the direct and diffuse spectra were derived; these models were demonstrated by regression analyses of the observations. Additionally, we have revealed a relationship associating Rayleigh scattering intensity in diffuse irradiance with the diffuse broadband irradiance and the solar altitude, which permits us to estimate the model parameter from the available parameters.
An Improved Koopman-MPC Framework for Data-Driven Modeling and Control of Soft Actuators

The challenge of achieving precise control of soft actuators with strong nonlinearity is mainly due to the difficulty of deriving models suitable for model-based control techniques. Fortunately, Koopman operator provides a data-driven method for constructing control-oriented models of nonlinear systems to achieve model predictive control (MPC). It is called the Koopman-MPC framework, which is theoretically effective for soft actuators. Nevertheless, in this framework, a critical challenge is to select correct basis functions for Koopman-based modeling. Furthermore, there is room for improvement in control performance. To overcome these problems, this letter presents an improved Koopman-MPC framework to efficiently implement model-based control techniques for soft actuators. Firstly, we propose a systematic method for selecting the basis functions, which extends the measurement coordinates with derivative and time-delay coordinates and uses the spares identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy) algorithm. Secondly, an incremental model predictive control with dynamic constraints (IMPCDC) is developed based on the Koopman model. Finally, several comparative experiments are conducted to verify the utility of the improved Koopman-MPC framework for data-driven modeling and control of soft actuators.
Genomic Characterization of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST7 Isolates from a Case of Human Bacteremia in China

Abstract The detection of novel livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is important in both clinics and livestock. In this study, we report a MRSA-infected patient who was associated with livestock as a butcher, from whom we collected two MRSA strains FJ0318 and FJ0322. To further understand the correlation between these MRSA isolates and livestock, whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analyses were performed for these two isolates. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these two strains were homologous. Multilocus sequence typing showed that these two strains belong to ST7, which is a common lineage in retail meat and meat products in China. The genetic islands in FJ0318 and FJ0322 were different from those in other common clones, such as ST59, ST8, and ST5. A mosaic plasmid with a sequence identical to that of the plasmid pE2 from livestock was found in strain FJ0318. Additionally, a novel prophage island was identified on the chromosome. Furthermore, the sequence of the island was similar to that of phage SP6 identified in livestock. ST7 may originate from livestock and be transmitted to communities, causing invasive infections.