Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aerodynamic Platform Prototype for Pre-Flight Testing of Nanosatellites and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

The results of the simulation and development of an aerodynamic platform for pre-flight testing of nanosatellites and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are presented. The platform movable part is realized in the form of a regular hexagonal prism with a honeycomb hollow structure. It provides levitation conditions and allows a check of the attitude control system performance. The airflow dumping elements of the air injection subsystem which provides platform stability are suggested. The aerodynamic platform model is developing as part of a project to introduce practical elements of prototyping and pre-flight testing of nanosatellites and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles into the educational process. It will help university students to solve scientific and technological problems.
Platinum Priority – Editorial and Reply from Authors Referring to the article published on pp . 779 – 790 of this issue Posterior Reconstruction : Weighing the Evidence

The reapproximation of Denonvilliers’ fascia and the posterior periurethral tissue (rhabdosphincter), often described as posterior reconstruction (PR) or the Rocco stitch, may be performed at the time of the vesicourethral anastomosis at radical prostatectomy (RP) with the aim of improving early return to continence [1]. In fact, the method of incorporating the fascia posterior to the urethra for promotion of early continence was initially reported by Klein in 1992 [2]. Despite studies reporting differing results of its benefit, PR has become widely adopted at open RP (ORP), laparoscopic RP (LRP), and robot-assisted RP (RARP). The systematic review by Rocco and colleagues provides a welcome opportunity to critically appraise and qualify the evidence base surrounding the therapeutic benefit of this intervention [3]. The review concentrates on data from 11 comparative studies over a 6-yr period, divided among the three approaches to RP (two ORP, one LRP, and eight RARP studies). There were six retrospective and five prospective studies, two of which were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Differences in functional outcomes (continence, anastomotic leak), oncologic outcomes (positive surgical margins), and safety outcomes (urinary retention, bladder neck stricture) were analyzed for patients undergoing RP with or without PR of the rhabdosphincter. As is the norm for meta-analyses, the strength of the intervention was assessed using a forest plot, which is a quantitative estimate of the net benefit aggregated over all the included studies. Depending on the outcome measure, the total number of studies aggregated ranged from two to seven. In summary, Rocco et al. found that PR improved return to continence at 3–7 d and 30–45 d with risk ratios of 1.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–3.03) and 1.57 (95% CI, 1.15–2.14), respectively [3]. All other end points, including continence at 90 d, were not significant.
Petroleum Origin and Accumulation in Basin Evolution--A Quantitative Model

Basin data--geologic, geophysical, geochemical, hydrodynamic, and thermodynamic--can be combined for quantified hydrocarbon prediction. A three-dimensional, deterministic dynamic basin model can be constructed to calculate all the measurable values with the help of mass- and energy-transport equations and equations describing the physical and/or physicochemical changes in organic matter as a function of temperature. Input data consist of heat flux, initial physical and thermal properties of sediments, paleobathymetric estimates, sedimentation rate, and amount and type of organic matter. Subsequently, the model computes pressure, temperature, physical and thermal properties of sediments, maturity of organic matter, and the hydrocarbon potential of any source rock as a func ion of space and time. Thus the complex dynamic processes of petroleum formation and occurrence in a given sedimentary basin can be quantified. For example, hydrocarbon potential maps for any given source rock and any geologic time slice of the basin evolution can be provided as computer printouts. The computer model can be applied to any stage of an exploration campaign and updated as more information becomes available.
Does Anyone see the Irony here? Analysis of Perspective-aware Model Predictions in Irony Detection

In the framework of perspectivism , analyzing how people perceive pragmatic phenomena, like irony, is relevant for deeply understanding the different points of view, and for creating more robust perspective-aware models. This paper presents a linguistic analysis of irony perception in 11 perspectivist models. Each model is trained on annotations by crowd-sourcing workers different in gender, age, and nationalities. Due to the sparsity of the dataset, we examine the texts classified as ironic and not-ironic by these perspectivist models, and identify linguistic patterns that all perspectives associate with irony. To our knowledge, we are the first to also provide evidence for the different linguistic patterns perceived as ironic by a specific perspective. For example, models trained on data annotated by American and Australian annotators are more inclined to classify a text as ironic when it includes a negative sentiment, while models trained on data annotated by the youngest annotators are particularly influenced by words related to immoral behaviors. Warning : This paper could contain content that is offensive or upsetting for the reader.
The Significance of Ground Water to the Accumulation of Iron and Manganese in the Sediments of Two Hydrologically Distinct Lakes in North‐Central Minnesota: A Geological Perspective

Williams and Shingobee lakes are at opposite ends of the local ground water flow system in the Shingobee River Headwaters Area (SRHA) in north‐central Minnesota. Williams Lake, situated near the highest point in the flow system, has no surface inlet or outlet, and ground water and precipitation are the only sources of water. Shingobee Lake, situated at the lowest point in the flow system, has the Shingobee River as an inlet and outlet. Ground water directly contributes an estimated one‐fourth of the water input to Shingobee Lake. The Shingobee River also receives large amounts of ground water discharge along its reach to Shingobee Lake providing a large, indirect source of ground water to the lake. Differences in nutrient concentrations reflect the residence times and nutrient supplies of these two lakes. The average phosphorus content of Shingobee Lake is about twice that of Williams Lake. Consequently, phy‐toplankton productivity in Shingobee Lake is much higher than in Williams Lake, leading to an oxygen‐deficient (<1 ppm dissolved oxygen) hypolimnion within a month after overturn in both the spring and fall. Because of the extreme reducing conditions in the hypolimnion of Shingobee Lake, high concentrations of dissolved iron and manganese are present there during summer stratification. In some years, the manganese concentration in the hypolimnion of Shingobee Lake remains high throughout the year. Precipitation of iron and manganese minerals, presumed to be X‐ray amorphous oxyhydroxides, at periods of fall and spring overturn result in concentrations of iron and manganese in surface sediments of Shingobee Lake that are seven times and 27 times higher, respectively, than can be explained by contributions of iron and manganese from detrital aluminosilicates. These findings indicate that the source and amounts of this excess iron and manganese found in the sediments are correlated to the amount of iron‐ and manganese‐rich ground water discharging to Shingobee Lake. Because iron and manganese oxyhydroxides are efficient adsorbers of phosphorus, concentrations of phosphorus are also high in the sediments of Shingobee Lake. Without this sequestration of phosphorus, the productivity of Shingobee Lake would probably be much higher.
Computers in Human Behavior A Social Network-Based Teacher Model to Support Course Construction

On line education is a student centred activity, and most of the research in this ﬁeld focuses on students; yet the quality of teaching is undoubtedly the basic ingredient for a successful learning. In particular, fostering new forms of collaboration between students and teachers, i.e. pursuing co-learning aspects of e-learning, probably needs giving teachers new means of collaboration, also among themselves. In this paper, we tackle the aim of providing the teacher with social collaboration tools, to support the process of course construction. Such a process comprises several distinct steps, from concept mapping, through selection of suitable learning material, to the ﬁnal stages of delivery in a Learning Management System. It is an heavy process, through which teachers have to spend a lot of time to build or to retrieve the right learning material from local databases or from specialized repositories on the web. The support we foresee should exploit the knowledge of the whole teaching community, in which the teacher acts, to help her / him in doing the above described job. By “knowledge” we mean basically a representation of the ways of usage of learning materials, by the teachers in the community for their courses. To start on a solid footing, here we address the topic of modeling the teacher. The model we deﬁne aims to give teachers a personalized support, encompassing consideration for their own pedagogy, teaching styles, and teaching experience during course creation. It is deemed to consider all those issues in a dynamic way and to guide the teacher towards the best didactic choices.
Spatial and seasonal trends in particle concentration and optical extinction in the United States

In the spring of 1988 an interagency consortium of Federal Land Managers and the Environmental Protection Agency initiated a national visibility and aerosol monitoring network to track spatial and temporal trends of visibility and visibility-reducing particles. The monitoring network consists of 36 stations located mostly in the western United States. The major visibility-reducing aerosol species, sulfates, nitrates, organics, light-absorbing carbon, and wind-blown dust are monitored as well as light scattering and extinction. Sulfates and organics are responsible for most of the extinction at most locations throughout the United States, while at sites in southern California nitrates are dominant. In the eastern United States, sulfates contribute to about two thirds of the extinction. In almost all cases, extinction and the major aerosol types are highest in the summer and lowest during the winter months.
Therapeutics & Clinical Pharmacology

Background: kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice in children with end stage kidney disease. Acute rejection represents a major complication with high risk of graft loss. Hence, the use of immunosuppressive therapy is inevitable to prevent allograft rejection. However, the excess use of immunosuppressive drugs can increase the risk of post-transplant infections with higher morbidity and mortality. The judicious use of the immunosuppressive drugs is crucial to enhance the transplant outcomes. Tacrolimus is the backbone of immunosuppressive therapy in the recent era of kidney transplantation. However, it is associated with many side effects. Close clinical and laboratory monitoring of tacrolimus trough level and serum creatinine are essential in all patients. Methods: Analysis of the clinical data of 83 kidney transplant recipients with follow up data as graft function, post-transplant complications as acute rejection and infections were documented. Tacrolimus adverse effects were reported during at least 36 months of follow up post-transplant. Results: Acute rejection was encountered in 43.4 % and post-transplant infections in 41 % of the included cases in the current study. In addition, tacrolimus side effects occurred in 32.5 % of the cases. Conclusion: close follow up of kidney transplant recipients is essential for early detection and prompt management of graft rejection and infectious complications.
Les stocks de carbone des sols du Congo

A map of the main landscape units of Congo is established on the basis of vegetation types, soil granulometry and hydromorphy; this process allows to characterise 31 map units. The mean soil C amount is calculated for each unit up to 2 m depth (Fig. 1). Soil hydromorphy and granulometry are the main factors of the C stocks in soils. The mean C stock in the Congo is about 160,5 t/ha at 0-200 cm depth. The total C stock of the 303,000 la2 which were mapped is about 3,9 Gt (Fig. 2).
Access to Destinations: How Close Is Close Enough? Estimating Accurate Distance Decay Functions for Multiple Modes and Different Purposes

Existing urban and suburban development patterns and the subsequent automobile dependence are leading to increased traffic congestion and air pollution. In response to the growing ills caused by urban sprawl, there has been an increased interest in creating more “livable” communities in which destinations are brought closer to one's home or workplace (that is, achieving travel needs through land use planning). While several reports suggest best practices for integrated land use-planning, little research has focused on examining detailed relationships between actual travel behavior and mean distance to various services. For example, how far will pedestrians travel to access different types of destinations? How to know if the “one quarter mile assumption” that is often bantered about is reliable? How far will bicyclists travel to cycle on a bicycle only facility? How far do people drive for their common retail needs? To examine these questions, this research makes use of available travel survey data for the Twin Cities region. A primary outcome of this research is to examine different types of destinations and accurately and robustly estimate distance decay models for auto and non-auto travel modes, and also to comment on its applicability for: (a) different types of travel, and (b) development of accessibility measures that incorporate this information.
HOW NEPHROTOXIC IS THE CANCER THERAPY IN CHILDREN ?

Cancer mortality and morbidity rates in children are significantly higher, even long after cessation of treatment, than in the general population. Impaired renal function is one of the most severe observed late-effects after childhood cancer treatment. The current in depth review aims to underline the main features of the major drugs included in the chemotherapy regimens in children. For each of these drugs, we present the incidence and risk factors. The main pathophysiologic hypothesis of the drug nephrotoxicity, the clinical and biological features and the principal preventative and therapeutic methods are also presented. The associated comorbidities derived from nephrotoxicity are serious enough to consider the cancer prognosis as being unlikely optimistic. Further research is needed to provide less nephrotoxic drugs, to better identify renoprotective strategies and stratify the risk for nephrotoxicity.
Dominant Balances and Exchanges of the Atmospheric Water Cycle in the Reanalysis 2 at Diurnal, Annual, and Intraseasonal Time Scales

Abstract Output from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–Department of Energy (NCEP–DOE) Reanalysis 2 (R2) is passed through a broadband filter to determine the normalized covariances that describe the variance of the atmospheric water cycle at diurnal, annual, and intraseasonal (∼7–80 days) time scales. Vapor flux convergence is residually defined to close the water cycle between successive 3-hourly output times from 2002 to 2004, resulting in a balance between precipitation, evaporation, precipitable water tendency, and vertically integrated vapor flux convergence. The same balance holds at each time scale, allowing 100% of each variable’s temporal variance to be described by its covariance with other water cycle components in the same variance category. Global maps of these normalized covariances are presented to demonstrate the unique balances and exchanges that govern temporal variations in the water cycle. The diurnal water cycle is found to be dominated by a land–sea contrast, with co.
Association between the use of epidural analgesia during labour and incidence of postpartum depression

Introduction Postpartum depression is a significant episode of depression beginning after giving birth. The prevalence of postpartum depression is approximately 20% in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Epidural analgesia is the gold standard for labour pain management. Conflicting results exist regarding the association between postpartum depression and epidural analgesia use during labour. Accordingly, this study assessed the association between epidural analgesia use and postpartum depression incidence. Methods A prospective observational study of 170 mothers was conducted, with surveys administered after labour and at six weeks postpartum. Surveys included the following: mothers’ demographics, obstetric history, postpartum depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), and pain severity (Visual Analogue Scale). Results In the final analysis, 91 patients were enrolled. Epidural analgesia was administered to 48.4% of mothers during labour. Nearly two-thirds of mothers learned about EA via sources including family members and social media. However, more than half reported worries regarding epidural analgesia. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores showed that 38 mothers (41.8%) likely had depressive symptoms within two days following delivery. Further, 35 (38.5%) met criteria for postpartum depression at six weeks postpartum. For both groups regardless use of analgesia, the mean Visual Analogue Scale score at two days postpartum was 4.16 ± 2.13. Data revealed no correlation between epidural analgesia use and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale within two days and at six weeks postpartum. Multiple regression analysis showed Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores correlated with Visual Analogue Scale scores but not epidural analgesia use at 1–2 days postpartum. Conclusion This study showed that depressive symptoms resolved in three percent of participants. This suggests that institutions should increase postpartum depression awareness during the antenatal period and implement effective post-delivery screening systems for postpartum depression.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Using IASI to simulate the total spectrum of outgoing long-wave radiances

A new method of deriving high-resolution top-of-atmosphere spectral radiances in 10 181 bands, over the whole outgoing long-wave spectrum of the Earth, is presented. Correlations between different channels measured by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interfermeter (IASI) on the MetOp-A (Meteorological Operation) satellite and unobserved wavenumbers are used to estimate far infrared (FIR) radiances at 0.5 cm − 1 intervals between 25.25 and 644.75 cm − 1 (the FIR), and additionally between 2760 and 3000 cm − 1 (the NIR – near infrared). Radiances simulated by the line-by-line radiative transfer model (LBLRTM) are used to construct the prediction model. The spectrum is validated by comparing the Integrated Nadir Long-wave Radi-ance (INLR) product spanning the whole 25.25–3000 cm − 1 range with the corresponding broadband measurements from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument on the Terra and Aqua satellites at points of simultaneous nadir overpass. There is a mean difference of 0.3 W m − 2 sr − 1 (0.5 % relative difference). This is well within the uncertainties associated with
Mechanism and regulation of secondary immunoglobulin diversification

ABSTRACT Secondary immunoglobulin diversification by somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination in B cells is instrumental for an adequate adaptive humoral immune response. These genetic events may, however, also introduce aberrations into other cellular genes and thereby cause B cell malignancies. While the basic mechanism of somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination is now well understood, their regulation and in particular the mechanism of their specific targeting to immunoglobulin genes is still rather mysterious. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the mechanism and regulation of secondary immunoglobulin diversification and discuss known mechanisms of physiological targeting to immunoglobulin genes and mistargeting to other cellular genes. We summarize open questions in the field and provide an outlook on future research.
The Impacts of Stigma Against Sexual Minority Men Within and Between Various Socioecological Levels: Breaking the Vicious Cycle in Zambia

Sexual minority men (SMM) face persistent stigma in Zambia. From a holistic perspective, we aim to explore its impacts within and between multiple socioecological levels, demonstrating how their interactions create a vicious cycle of barriers to the well-being of SMM. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 purposively recruited SMM from Lusaka, Zambia. All interviews were audio-recorded, after written consent, transcribed verbatim, and iteratively coded employing inductive (i.e., data-driven) approaches for thematic analysis using NVivo. Results suggest three key themes: (1) interpersonal socially perpetuated sexual minority stigma (SMS); (2) multidirectional interactions between psychosocial well-being and risk-taking behaviors; and (3) institutionally perpetuated SMS as a barrier to seeking and receiving health care. SMS permeates across all levels of the socioecological model to negatively impact the psychosocial well-being of SMM while acting also as a barrier to accessing HIV prevention and care. Our study necessitates structural public health intervention to decrease stigma and discrimination against SMM in Zambia, in efforts to increase their psychosocial well-being as well as their access to and utilization of HIV care by breaking the vicious cycle of SMS that pervades through the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and institutional levels of the socioecological model.
Contents and Measures of Sustainable Progress: The Performance of Italy in a Selection of Synthetic Indices

Indicators are used in all steps of the policy cycle: to assess existing policies or to develop new strategies. They mark where a society stands, where it wants to go and how remote is it from where it wants to arrive. Indicators (and indices) are widely used tools to measure the progress of a nation, in its different aspects. The definition of a concept conditions strictly its measurement. Therefore, a definition the concept of progress will determine the appropriateness of the variables selected for its measurement. The first part of this paper explores why it is impossible, at the present time, to have a univocal definition and measurement of progress and, consequently, of sustainable development. The second part is devoted to the analysis of a set of synthetic indices – Human Development Index (HDI), Adjusted Net Saving (ANS), Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) Ecological Footprint Index (EF) and Ecological Balance (EB) – that could offer a realistic frame for measuring the progress towards sustainability of nations, as well as a way of ranking their performances. In the third part of the study, based on the selected indices, a comparative analysis of a sample of countries is proposed, aimed at showing how the variables taken into account modify the countries performance in terms of measured progress and sustainability, and also comparing the resulting shifts in Italy’s rank. In brief, the main result of the paper is related to the Italian performance with respect to these indices. Italy shows shadows and light; in fact from the GDP point of view it ranks coherently with the other HIC nations. Italy, moreover, performs fairly in the indices focused on socio-economic results: HDI and ANS. When taking into consideration the natural resources consumption path (EF), the Italian performance is better than the HIC average. The Italian position worsens when other environmental-oriented indices are applied: EB and ESI. The environmental low rankings are linked with the biocapacity/natural assets of Italy, insufficient if compared with its natural resources consumption paths.