Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preliminary and Incomplete Redistributive Politics with Target-specific Beliefs

There is perennial tension between the generosity of means-tested transfers and the work efforts of recipients. Individual support for these policies is associated with beliefs about whether the poor are lazy or industrious. At the same time, support for general redistribution from the rich to the poor is viewed in terms of general beliefs that luck rather than effort determines income (or mobility). This paper takes a first step toward unifying these literatures by incorporating target-specific beliefs about the rich and the poor into a model that broadly follows key insights from the literature on general beliefs and preferences for redistribution. We develop and test a theory about support for redistribution in the presence of targetspecific beliefs about the causes of low and high incomes. Our theory predicts that target-specific beliefs about the poor matter most for preferences about transfers to the poor, and target-specific beliefs about the rich matter most for preferences about taxation of the rich. Survey evidence from the United States and from Germany, the latter using survey questions we wrote for a module of the German SocioEconomic Panel, confirms this. We find that 42% of Americans give different answers when asked, respectively, about the reasons for being rich and the reasons for being poor. Experimental evidence on giving money to real welfare recipients provides additional support for our theory. JEL Codes: D63; D72; H21; H24
Entanglement recycled quantum key distribution scheme without sifting over arbitrary long distance

Quantum key distribution(QKD) is an important area in quantum information theory. Nowadays, there are many protocols such as BB84 protocol, Lo-Chau's protocol and GR10 protocol. They usually require legitimated parties have the ability to create particles, using a sifting procedures (BB84, GR10), or must destroy entangled states (Lo-Chau). In this paper, we give a QKD scheme which can recycle entangled states and need not to run sifting procedures. The protocol use teleportation and mutual unbiased bases of qudits. Moreover, The scheme can be modified to add a third party who assumes all the states creating procedures and so the communicated parties need not to create states. This is in fact an entanglement distribution protocol. Also, the protocol can be modified for distributing key over arbitrary long distance. We compare our protocol with the previous protocols and discuss the security of it by corresponding to BB84 protocol.
Buffetology's Use in Stock Trading Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic

The impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic has affected the whole of human life, including the world capital market and all its problems. COVID-19 has influenced trading patterns in the capital market, both in terms of trade rules that are superstructure and capital market infrastructure itself. Indonesia's economic turmoil is not only caused by the pandemic COVID-19, but also by several financial scandals such as the Jiwasraya, Asabari and several moral hazards by stock market brokers. The moment of capital outrage at the moment is like a honeymoon in stock trading that occurs during an extreme event. Some events that have caused the world capital market to fall deeply, are the Black Tuesday 1988, the monetary crisis in Indonesia and Asia in 1998, the global financial crisis in 2008, and most recently the pandemic COVID-19 phenomenon that began in 2020. The extent to which Buffettology's role in investment decision making by Investment managers in the Indonesian capital market is the aim of the author's research. The main finding of this study is the prospectus of vigilant leader company as a determinant in making investment decisions both in normal situations and in the midst of a pandemic. This research will be very essential for investment and financial decision makers and for the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in Indonesia. This is because the wrong decisions of investment managers, as well as the company's performance with a stock price characterized by Roller Coaster (called saham gorengan) is a special concern for OJK to take decisive action for the sustainability of a healthy and conducive Indonesia Capital Market for investors.
The Moderating Role of Halal Culture Linking Halal Orientation Strategies with the Firm’s Financial Performance: A Study of Halal Food Firms in Thailand

Though the halal orientation strategy (HOS) has a critical role to play for preserving the halal status of products. However, there is a lack of halal orientation strategy literature affecting halal companies’ financial performance (FP). As a result, the primary objective of all firms is to optimize profits, this study explores the effect of HOS on the FP and the moderator of halal culture (HC) in halal food companies (HFC) in Thailand. Data from 164 hall-food companies in Thailand were obtained and analyzed using the PLS-SEM technique. Studies have shown that halal production has a negative impact, while transformation, halal storage and halal materials have a positive effect on FP. Furthermore, halal culture moderates the link among production and FP of a company. The findings will allow HFC executives to improve their FP by financing in HOP, hence paying more attentions to the halal community. Therefore, it assists policymakers recognize the value of the revision of halal certification criteria. This study also helps to increase awareness of the HOP relationship to the FP of HFC.
Does Social Trust Mitigate Insiders’ Opportunistic Behavior? Evidence from Insider Trading

We investigate whether social trust can mitigate insider trading profitability. Our empirical evidence shows that social trust surrounding corporations’ headquarters is negatively associated with corporate insiders’ ability for trading gains. This relation holds in a range of tests including instrumental variable methods and using social trust value from CEO’s birthplace. We further find that social trust plays a more important role in curbing insiders’ trading profitability when firms have a higher level of information asymmetry, poorer corporate governance, and when firms are non-State-owned. Finally, we show that firms headquartered in high social trust regions tend to engage in more investor communication, have a lower probability to restate financial statements, and have lower stock price synchronicity.
What Did You Just Say? Toward Detecting Imperceptible Audio Adversarial Attacks

Adversarial examples, i.e. those which any human would perceive one way but which are confidently mis-perceived by neural networks, have been shown to exist for neural nets in general [1], [2], and in particular ASR (automatic speech recognition) systems. As ASR systems begin to increasingly rely on deep learning models, such systems become increasingly vulnerable to under-the-radar adversarial commands. Building atop attacks such as DolphinAttack [3] and Houdini [4], Carlini and Wagner present a modified version of their iterated CW Attack [5] which achieves a 99.9% success rate against Mozilla’s DeepSpeech transcription network. To this end, we study Carlini’s attack and offer mechanisms for detecting adversarially-attacked audio. We show that attacked examples demonstrate a different distribution of downstream logits in DeepSpeech, giving a first means at distinguishing these examples. We then show that Carlini’s examples are susceptible to minor parameter changes in early-layer feature extraction (MFCC) which do not greatly impact natural, authentic audio; moreover, we show these differences are detectable downstream in DeepSpeech’s transcriptions, yielding a very effective means of distinguishing Carlini’s examples from natural audio, and a means of recovering an approximation of the original transcription.
Real-Time Evaluation of Regional Arterial Stiffening, Resistance, and Ocular Circulation During Systemic Administration of Adrenaline in White Rabbits

Purpose To evaluate continuous variations of ocular microcirculation by laser speckle flowgraphy and those of regional stiffening by pulse wave velocity (PWV) and vascular resistance under systemic adrenaline administration in rabbits. Methods Six 16-week-old male rabbits were evaluated. The mean blur rates in the retinal vessel (MBR-RV) and choroid (MBR-CH) were measured. We assessed blood pressure (BP), femoral and carotid vascular resistance, and the heart–ankle (ha)-PWV, heart–femoral (hf)-PWV, and femoral–ankle (fa)-PWV. Adrenaline (100, 300, and 1000 ng/kg) was intravenously administered over a 10-minute period during which the parameters were measured simultaneously every 2 minutes. Results The MBR-RV and MBR-CH values were dose-dependently increased by the adrenaline in parallel with increased BP. At the load of 100 ng/kg adrenaline, the ΔMBR-RV and ΔMBR-CH showed positive correlations with the variation rate in mean arterial blood pressure. Also, the variation rate in carotid vascular resistance and the Δfa-PWV and Δhf-PWV were significantly positively correlated with both the ΔMBR-RV and ΔMBR-CH. At the 300-ng/kg phase, the correlations between the Δha-PWV and both ΔMBR-RV and ΔMBR-CH were canceled; instead, the Δhf-PWV showed a significant negative correlation with the ΔMBR-RV and ΔMBR-CH. At the 1000-ng/kg phase, Δha-PWV again showed significant positive correlations with the ΔMBR-RV and ΔMBR-CH. Conclusions These results indicate the possibility that under a systemic administration of adrenaline in rabbits, not only the BP value but also the vascular resistance and arterial function are related to the variation in ocular microcirculation. Translational Relevance A real-time evaluation system of systemic regional arterial function and ocular microcirculation in rabbits was developed.
Enhanced Biodegradation of Anthracene by Bacillus Cereus Strain JMG-01 Isolated from Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils

ABSTRACT The present study displays the biodegradation capacities of native bacteria toward polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with particular emphasis to anthracene. A total of 23 bacterial strains were isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated sites of Guwahati city, using anthracene as the carbon source. Among all these isolates, one Gram-positive strain (JMG-01) was selected as an efficient anthracene degrader, based on its maximum growth ability in anthracene enriched medium (100 ppm–700 ppm). At 500 ppm concentration, strain JMG-01 showed the maximum growth rate with 98% of anthracene degradation within 21 days of observation. The strain also demonstrated its potentiality by utilizing naphthalene and higher molecular hydrocarbons like pyrene, and benzo(a)pyrene at 500 ppm. The morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization identified the strain as Bacillus cereus. Surface morphology of the biomass, captured by Atomic Force Microscope, showed a distinctive modification, during the process of degradation. Study revealed that the effect of hydrocarbon exhibited the alteration, which concurrently enhanced the metabolic activity. Further, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis elucidates the possible metabolic pathway of anthracene degradation, depending on the intermediate metabolites produced. The finding thus suggests the essence of Bacillus cereus strain JMG-01 in enhanced anthracene degradation along the utilization of other hydrocarbons.
Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolates from broiler chicken and slaughter house environment in India

Abstract Campylobacteriosis is among the most frequently reported foodborne zoonoses. A total of 848 samples were screened for Campylobacter spp. and occurrence was found to be 8.7%, 2.3% and 1.65% in broiler cecum samples, chicken meat samples and slaughter house environment swabs, respectively. High level of antimicrobial resistance was found against tetracycline (64.1%), doxycycline (54.4%), ampicillin (46.6%), nalidixic acid (42.7%), kanamycin (35.9%), and ciprofloxacin (33.33%). Resistance to co-amoxiclav (19.4%) and erythromycin (21.4%) was less common. The MAR index of the isolates was in the range of 0.11–0.78. Multi-drug resistance was observed in 54.4% of the isolates, with 53.2% C. jejuni and 55.3% C. coli isolates found resistant against three or more classes of antimicrobials. Presence of mutations in gyrA and 23S rRNA genes was investigated, which revealed that all the fluoroquinolone resistant isolates possessed Thr-86-Ile point mutation, whereas only 68% of erythromycin resistant isolates had A2075G mutation. The tetO gene was present in 91.7% tetracycline resistant isolates and bla OXA-61 gene was detected in 97.9% of the ampicillin resistant isolates. The occurrence of antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter spp. in broiler chicken samples and slaughter house settings is a public health risk and calls for judicial use of antimicrobials.
Condition dependent TEA-sensitive channels on crayfish motor axon

In previous studies, some channels, called the “sleeper channels,” were reported to contribute to the shaping of the action potential (AP) only under non-physiological conditions. These channels have been hypothesized to play a role in providing a protective mechanism to prevent damage from neuronal hyperexcitation. Here we applied two-electrode current clamp at the primary branch point (1°BP) and the presynaptic terminal simultaneously on crayfish axons. Cadmium had minimal effects on AP shaping, suggesting the absence of calcium-activated potassium channels. Application of 1 mM TEA had minimal impact on AP waveform. In the presence of 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP), the same tetraethylammonium (TEA) concentration significantly prolonged AP duration, resembling the behaviors of sleeper channels. The kinetics of the TEA-sensitive channel (Kv (TEA) ) is similar to the Kv2 family of mammalian K + channels. TEA depolarized the potential after an AP and increased the AP duration in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that these channels contributed to maintaining AP waveform majorly during the hyperpolarization. The terminals were more sensitive to the blockers, suggesting a probability of regulation on neurotransmitter release. However, the TEA-sensitive channels at the crayfish axon had a higher affinity to TEA than the Kv2 channels. Pharmacological profiles, spatial distinction and function of the Kv (TEA) in the crayfish axon require further study.
China county-based demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and health resource consumption analysis for diabetes.

BACKGROUND The diagnosis and treatment of diabetes depends on reasonable chronic disease management. Compared with urban areas, county areas are high-risk areas for chronic disease patients, due to the low awareness of chronic disease, poor treatment compliance with chronic disease, low drug persistence, and low cure rate. Therefore, more attention should be paid to chronic disease management in county areas. METHODS This retrospective, observational study was conducted at the Yun county medical community, Yun county, Yunan province. Data were collected from the medical records of diabetic patients from July 2017 to Aug 2020. The primary outcome variable was the proportion of patients with diabetic complications in county areas. The secondary outcome variables were demographics and clinical characteristics of diabetic patients in county areas, achievement of the HbA1c target, and clinical inertia of diabetic patients in county areas. Comparisons of the simple diabetes group and the diabetic kidney disease (DKD) group in terms of demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and health resource consumption were also conducted. A series of appropriate statistical tests were applied to the study population to examine the various outcomes. RESULTS A total of 9,721 type 2 diabetic patients were included for the study analysis. Diabetic retinopathy (11.83%), cerebrovascular disease (10.31%), and DKD (9.29%) were the 3 most common complications in overall admissions. Among the 1,347 patients with HbA1c test results, 536 (39.8%) patients achieved the HbA1c target, while 566 (87.62%) of the 661 patients who did not achieve the HbA1c target had clinical inertia during the next 6 months. Compared with simple diabetes patients, patients with DKD had a higher age, wider coverage of medical insurance, and longer duration of diabetes, and were more likely to be complicated with hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Regular insulin, metformin, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, and sulfonylurea were the most widely used antidiabetic drugs in patients with DKD. The health resources consumption also significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of complications in diabetic patients is high in county areas, and blood glucose control is still insufficient. Chronic complications are the key reasons for the decrease in quality of life and high medical costs.
Reversal of Root Caries with Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Fluoride Varnish in Xerostomia

Different formulas of topical fluoride have been used to manage root carious lesions. This clinical trial aimed to investigate the efficacy of a dental varnish containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and fluoride compared with fluoride alone in reversing/arresting root caries in xerostomic patients over 1 year. A total of 80 patients (age range 45–92 years) with primary root caries (n = 184 root carious lesions) and unstimulated salivary flow rate of <0.2 mL/min were randomly allocated to receive either dental varnish containing CPP-ACP and 5% fluoride (group 1: MI varnish; GC, Japan) (n = 41, 83 lesions), or dental varnish with 5% fluoride alone (group 2: NUPRO White; Dentsply, USA) (n = 39, 101 lesions). Clinical assessments with Severity Index (SI) for root caries, DIAGNOdent measurements, and varnish application were carried out at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Standard oral hygiene instructions with 1,450 ppm fluoride toothpastes were provided for both groups. After 3 months, 63.9% (n = 46) of root caries in group 1 became hard (SI: 0) compared with 39.3% (n = 35) in group 2 (p < 0.01). After 6 and 12 months, the differences in SI were insignificant (group 1, n = 60, 83.3%) (group 2, n = 66, 74.2%) (p = 0.36), and (group 1, n = 60, 89.6%) (group 2, n = 67, 81.7%, n = 1 soft, 1.2%) (p = 0.29), respectively. In both groups, noncavitated leathery lesions were more likely to become hard when compared to the cavitated root caries. A significant decrease in plaque index, surface roughness, lesion dimension, and DIAGNOdent readings with a significant increase in lesion distance from the gingival margin was reported in both groups (p < 0.05). This study has provided evidence that fluoride dental varnish either with or without calcium and phosphate has the potential to arrest/reverse root caries, especially noncavitated lesions for patients with xerostomia.
An overview of current practices for regulatory risk assessment with lessons learnt from cosmetics in the European Union

Abstract Risk assessments of various types of chemical compounds are carried out in the European Union (EU) foremost to comply with legislation and to support regulatory decision-making with respect to their safety. Historically, risk assessment has relied heavily on animal experiments. However, the EU is committed to reduce animal experimentation and has implemented several legislative changes, which have triggered a paradigm shift towards human-relevant animal-free testing in the field of toxicology, in particular for risk assessment. For some specific endpoints, such as skin corrosion and irritation, validated alternatives are available whilst for other endpoints, including repeated dose systemic toxicity, the use of animal data is still central to meet the information requirements stipulated in the different legislations. The present review aims to provide an overview of established and more recently introduced methods for hazard assessment and risk characterisation for human health, in particular in the context of the EU Cosmetics Regulation (EC No 1223/2009) as well as the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) Regulation (EC 1907/2006).
Preventive effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in a D-galactose-induced brain ageing in rats.

Aging is a complex process accompanied by numerous morphological, functional, and metabolic impairments in the brain, and a critical risk factor involved in the increasing incidence of neurodegenerative diseases. Few studies have evaluated the efficacy of different sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in ameliorating the early morphological and functional alterations in the aging brain. This study, for the first time, evaluated the potential efficacy of intravenous injection of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) in a d-galactose-induced rat model of brain aging. BMMSCs (1 x 10⁶) were intravenously injected into brain aging model rats once every two weeks for 8 weeks. The transplanted cells survived and migrated to the brain, and differentiated into astrocytes and neurons, including choline acetyltransferase neurons. BMMSC transplantation improved locomotor activity and cognitive functions, restored cholinergic system function, protected atrophic cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain, induced antioxidative effects and restored neurotrophic factors, and modulated hippocampal synaptic plasticity by upregulating PSD95 and Egr1 expression. Our findings demonstrated the efficacy of BMMSC injection in an aging rat model and suggest that these cells may be developed into an effective cell therapy for the aging brain.