Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fluid Restriction Dehydration Increase Core Temperature During Endurance Exercise Compared to Exercise Induced Dehydration.

This study aimed to evaluate the difference in heart rate and core temperature during aerobic exercise between two forms of dehydration: exercise-induced (EI) and fluid restricted (FR). Twenty-two subjects (N = 22; 83.35 ± 13.92 kg) completed the current study, performing a familiarization session, a pre-experimental exercise session, and two exercise testing sessions. The EI exercise trial (81.52 ± 13.72 kg) was conducted after performing exercise in a hot environment to lose three to four percent of body weight and partial rehydration. The FR exercise trial (81.53 ± 14.14 kg) was completed after 12 hours of fluid restriction. During both exercise sessions, subjects pedaled against a set resistance of 130 watts for 30 minutes. The main effect of hydration on Tc was significant, F(1, 18) = 4.474, p = . 049, η p 2 = . 199 (Figure 2) with core temperature being greater during the FR trial compared to the EI trial (FR = 37.58 ± .06°C vs. EI = 37.31 ± .11°C). No significant interaction was found between hydration and time for HR, F(2, 42) = 0.120, p = . 887, η p 2 = . 006. The main effect of time on HR was significant, F(2, 42) = 119.664, p < . 001, η p 2 = . 851. Fluid restriction was associated with an increase in core temperature. An increased core temperature may negatively influence performance, and care should be taken to ensure proper hydration.
A novel clinical multimodal multiphoton tomograph for AF, SHG, CARS imaging, and FLIM

We report on a flexible nonlinear medical tomograph with multiple miniaturized detectors for simultaneous acquisition of two-photon autofluorescence (AF), second harmonic generation (SHG) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) images. The simultaneous visualization of the distribution of endogenous fluorophores NAD(P)H, melanin and elastin, SHG-active collagen and as well as non-fluorescent lipids within human skin in vivo is possible. Furthermore, fluorescence lifetime images (FLIM) can be generated using time-correlated single photon counting.
Superluminal Motion of Free Spin-half Particles in a Fiber Bundle Formalism

The hypothesis of the spin of an electron, leading to its angular momentum, is no longer an open question, in science. Experimental evidence like the hydrogen ﬁne structure and the Stern-Gerlach experiment in the 1920s and, recently, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) have for long paved the way to deﬁnitely end this debate. Equipped with this mathematical machinery potent enough to handle the theories which are of interest to us, the expectation value of the overall relative linear velocity component of a fermion ﬁeld was investigated in a previous
Reply to: “Aberrant GAP43 Gene Expression Is Alzheimer Disease Pathology‐Specific”

recent original research discussing the alterations of presynaptic loss measured by cerebrospinal ﬂ uid (CSF) growth-associated protein-43 (GAP43) in Alzheimer disease (AD) cross-sectionally and longitu-dinally, showing a speci ﬁ c increase in CSF GAP43 levels in individuals with tau pathology (A β PET (A) (cid:4) /CSF p-Tau (T) + and A + /T + ) compared to those without tau pathology (A (cid:4) /T (cid:4) and A + /T (cid:4) ). 1 Consistent with our main ﬁ ndings, Pyun et al reported a signi ﬁ cantly lower expression of the GAP43 gene in A + /T + individuals compared to A (cid:4) /T (cid:4) and A + /T (cid:4) individuals based on RNA-Seq data from brain bulk tissue (although their data lacked the aspect of an A (cid:4) /T + group). Their observations were also supported by previous postmortem studies indicating apparent decreases in GAP43 protein in the frontal cortex and some hippo-campal areas of AD brains. 2,3 Pathological A β and tau were acknowledged to be synaptotoxic, 4, 5 which may impair synaptic structure, leading to the increased release of GAP43 protein from the presynaptic membrane into CSF during AD pathogenesis.
Increased Two-Hour Post-Load Plasma Glucose Fluctuation Corresponds with Worse Clinical Prognoses among Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients without a History of Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between 2-h post-load minus fasting plasma glucose (2hPG-FPG) and 1-year clinical outcomes, such as death, stroke recurrence, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≥2–3 among acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients without diabetes mellitus (DM) history. Methods: 1,214 AIS patients without DM history, obtained from ACROSS-China, were divided into 4 quartiles, based on 2hPG-FPG measurements obtained 14 days post-admission. Four models were constructed using multivariate Cox and logistic regression analyses, based on the inclusion of age, gender, trial of ORG 10172 in acute stroke treatment, NIH Stroke Scale scores (model 1), plus 10 other clinical parameters (model 2), plus newly diagnosed DM (NDDM) post-admission (model 3), plus 2hPG and FPG (model 4). Associations found from those 4 models between 2hPG-FPG and 1-year clinical outcomes were confirmed via stratification, multiplicative interaction, sensitivity, and restricted cubic spline analyses. Results: The highest quartile of 2hPG-FPG, after adjusting for variables, such as stroke severity (model 2), was independently associated with death, stroke recurrence, and mRS ≥2–3 (odds ratio [OR] = 3.95, 2.96, 4.15, and 4.83, respectively, all p < 0.0001). Increased 2hPG-FPG remained independently associated with mRS ≥2–3 in models 3–4, as well as increased mRS ≥2 under stratification analyses among both non-NDDM and NDDM patients. Conclusion: 2hPG-FPG is a relatively specific indicator of poorer 1-year clinical prognoses among AIS patients, independent of NDDM, 2hPG, and FPG post-hospital admission. Therefore, the oral glucose tolerance test could be a useful approach for detecting a higher likelihood for developing poorer prognoses among patients without DM history.
Factors associated with poor glycemic control among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Gamo and Gofa zone public hospitals, Southern Ethiopia: A case-control study

Background Diabetes mellitus is a serious global public health problem that affects the whole life of people in terms of their biological, psychological, and social effects. Complications and death from diabetes occur from poorly controlled blood glucose levels. Thus, dealing with glycemic control is essential for controlling the development of devastating acute and chronic complications related to diabetes. Therefore, this study aims to assess factors associated with poor glycemic control among type2 diabetes patients in public hospitals of Gamo and Gofa zone southern, Ethiopia, 2021. Methods An institution-based unmatched case-control study was employed among 312 randomly selected participants using a pre-tested, interviewer-administered, and structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with poor glycemic control using IBM SPSS version 25. The strength of association was assessed by using an Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Result Factors associated with poor glycemic control based on multivariable analysis were, having comorbidity (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI (1.39–3.95)), adhering to dietary recommendations (AOR = 0.31, 95% CI (089–0.51)), poor social support (AOR = 3.31, 95% CI (1.59–6.85)), physical exercise (AOR = 1.86 95% CI (1.11–3.12)), and having poly-pharmacy (AOR = 2.83, 95% CI (1.39–5.74)). Conclusion and recommendation This study indicated a significant association of comorbidity, physical exercise, poly-pharmacy, low social support, and adherence to dietary recommendations with poor glycemic control. We suggest that the health care providers and concerned bodies encourage patients to have regular check-ups and work on providing necessary social support.
Patterns and trends of primary drug-resistant tuberculosis in Chongqing, China, from 2012 to 2020

Primary drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) contributes significantly to the global TB epidemic, particularly in countries with high TB burdens. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of primary DR-TB prevalence in Chongqing, China, from 2012 to 2020. A total of 4546 newly diagnosed and 2769 relapse TB patients admitted to the hospital from 2012 to 2020 were included. Categorical variables were compared using Pearson chi-square test or Fisher exact test, as appropriate. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with primary DR-TB. The rate of primary DR-TB was 24.5%, whereas that of acquired DR-TB was 67.8%. Among newly diagnosed TB cases, the percentage of DR-TB (from 48.9 to 44.2%), mono-resistant TB (from 11.8 to 9.7%), multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB; from 25.3 to 6.9%), and pre-extensive drug-resistant TB (from 13.7 to 5.8%) showed a decreasing trend from 2012 to 2020. Age from 15 to 64 years was a risk factor for the development of primary DR-TB (15–44 years: adjusted odds ratio = 2.227, 95% confidence interval: 1.053–4.710; 45–64 years: adjusted odds ratio = 2.223, 95% confidence interval: 1.048–4.717). The rates of primary DR-TB (P = .041) and MDR-TB (P = .007) were significantly higher in the age group of 15 to 64 years than in the age groups of ≤14 years and ≥65 years. Noticeably, rising trends of primary DR-TB (from 0 to 27.3%) and MDR-TB (from 0 to 9.1%) in the population of ≤14 years were observed from 2012 to 2020. Although the rate of primary DR-TB showed a downward trend, a rising drug-resistance rate among some particular subgroups was still observed. Further control of primary DR-TB should focus more on TB patients aged 15 to 64 years.
Differential attainment in specialty training recruitment in the UK: an observational analysis of the impact of psychometric testing assessment in Public Health postgraduate selection

Objectives To determine how current psychometric testing approaches used in selection of postgraduate training in UK Public Health are associated with socioeconomic and sociocultural background of applicants (including ethnicity). Design Observational study using contemporaneous data collected during recruitment and psychometric test scores. Setting Assessment centre of UK national Public Health recruitment for postgraduate Public Health training. The assessment centre element of selection comprises three psychometric assessments: Rust Advanced Numerical Reasoning, Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Assessment II and Public Health situational judgement test. Participants 629 applicants completed the assessment centre in 2021. 219 (34.8%) were UK medical graduates, 73 (11.6%) were international medical graduates and 337 (53.6%) were from backgrounds other than medicine. Main outcome measure Multivariable-adjusted progression statistics in the form of adjusted OR (aOR), accounting for age, sex, ethnicity, professional background and surrogate measures of familial socioeconomic and sociocultural status. Results 357 (56.8%) candidates passed all three psychometric tests. Candidate characteristics negatively associated with progression were black ethnicity (aOR 0.19, 0.08 to 0.44), Asian ethnicity (aOR 0.35, 0.16 to 0.71) and coming from a non-UK medical graduate background (aOR 0.05, 0.03 to 0.12); similar differential attainment was observed in each of the psychometric tests. Even within the UK-trained medical cohort, candidates from white British backgrounds were more likely to progress than those from ethnic minorities (89.2% vs 75.0%, p=0.003). Conclusion Although perceived to mitigate the risks of conscious and unconscious bias in selection to medical postgraduate training, these psychometric tests demonstrate unexplained variation that suggests differential attainment. Other specialties should enhance their data collection to evaluate the impact of differential attainment on current selection processes and take forward opportunities to mitigate differential attainment where possible.
Possible observation of a disconnected magnetic structure in a coronal transient

We present SMM coronagraph/polarimeter observations of the coronal transient of March 15–16, 1980, which show a bright front convex toward the sun propagating out through the corona at 175 km s−1. A fan-shaped bright region connecting this front to the inner corona collapses into a narrow bright ray over the next few hours. We interpret these observations as resulting from the disconnection of magnetic loops from the underlying prominencelike loop structures seen rising earlier in the event. Other similar “inverted arches” exist in the C/P data but are usually seen with poorer temporal resolution.
Split-marker-mediated genome editing improves homologous recombination frequency in the CTG clade yeast Candida intermedia

Abstract Genome-editing toolboxes are essential for the exploration and exploitation of nonconventional yeast species as cell factories, as they facilitate both genome studies and metabolic engineering. The nonconventional yeast Candida intermedia is a biotechnologically interesting species due to its capacity to convert a wide range of carbon sources, including xylose and lactose found in forestry and dairy industry waste and side-streams, into added-value products. However, possibilities of genetic manipulation have so far been limited due to lack of molecular tools for this species. We describe here the development of a genome editing method for C. intermedia, based on electroporation and gene deletion cassettes containing the Candida albicans NAT1 dominant selection marker flanked by 1000 base pair sequences homologous to the target loci. Linear deletion cassettes targeting the ADE2 gene originally resulted in <1% targeting efficiencies, suggesting that C. intermedia mainly uses nonhomologous end joining for integration of foreign DNA fragments. By developing a split-marker based deletion technique for C. intermedia, we successfully improved the homologous recombination rates, achieving targeting efficiencies up to 70%. For marker-less deletions, we also employed the split-marker cassette in combination with a recombinase system, which enabled the construction of double deletion mutants via marker recycling. Overall, the split-marker technique proved to be a quick and reliable method for generating gene deletions in C. intermedia, which opens the possibility to uncover and enhance its cell factory potential.
A mixed-methods study measuring the effectiveness of a menstrual health intervention on menstrual health knowledge, perceptions and practices among young women in Zimbabwe

Objectives While integral to women’s physical and mental well-being, achieving good menstrual health (MH) remains a challenge for many women. This study investigated the effectiveness of a comprehensive MH intervention on menstrual knowledge, perceptions and practices among women aged 16–24 years in Harare, Zimbabwe. Design A mixed-methods prospective cohort study with pre-post evaluation of an MH intervention. Setting Two intervention clusters in Harare, Zimbabwe. Participants Overall, 303 female participants were recruited, of whom 189 (62.4%) were seen at midline (median follow-up 7.0; IQR 5.8–7.7 months) and 184 (60.7%) were seen at endline (median follow-up 12.4; IQR 11.9–13.8 months). Cohort follow-up was greatly affected by COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions. Intervention The MH intervention provided MH education and support, analgesics, and a choice of menstrual products in a community-based setting to improve MH outcomes among young women in Zimbabwe. Primary and secondary outcomes Effectiveness of a comprehensive MH intervention on improving MH knowledge, perceptions, and practices among young women over time. Quantitative questionnaire data were collected at baseline, midline, and endline. At endline, thematic analysis of four focus group discussions was used to further explore participants’ menstrual product use and experiences of the intervention. Results At midline, more participants had correct/positive responses for MH knowledge (adjusted OR (aOR)=12.14; 95% CI: 6.8 to 21.8), perceptions (aOR=2.85; 95% CI: 1.6 to 5.1) and practices for reusable pads (aOR=4.68; 95% CI: 2.3 to 9.6) than at baseline. Results were similar comparing endline with baseline for all MH outcomes. Qualitative findings showed that sociocultural norms, stigma and taboos around menstruation, and environmental factors such as limited access to water, sanitation and hygiene facilities affected the effect of the intervention on MH outcomes. Conclusions The intervention improved MH knowledge, perceptions and practices among young women in Zimbabwe, and the comprehensive nature of the intervention was key to this. MH interventions should address interpersonal, environmental and societal factors. Trial registration number NCT03719521.
Turbulent rotating disk flow with inward throughflow

The evolution of the entrainment coefficient $K$ of the rotating fluid in a rotor–stator cavity with an inward throughflow and pre-rotation is studied according to the flow parameters. Measurements are obtained in water for a turbulent Batchelor type of flow with two separated boundary layers on the rotating and stationary disks by means of a laser Doppler anemometer, and the results are compared to those performed using pressure transducers. We show that the entrainment coefficient $K$ depends on a local flow rate coefficient $Cq_r$ according to a $5/7$ power law whose coefficients depend on the boundary conditions. A theoretical analysis confirms this behaviour of $K$.
The effect of whole-body vibration on lower extremity function in children with cerebral palsy: A meta-analysis

Objective The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of whole-body vibration training on lower limb motor function in children with cerebral palsy in randomized-controlled trials (RCTs). Methods Two independent reviewers systematically searched the records of nine databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, EMBASE, CNKI, etc.) from inception to December 2022. Tools from the Cochrane Collaboration were used to assess risk of bias. Standard meta-analyses were performed using Stata 16.0 and Revman 5.3. For continuous variables, the arms difference was calculated as the weighted mean difference (WMD) between the values before and after the intervention and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results Of the 472 studies identified, 13 (total sample size 451 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed that WBV training could effectively improve GMFM88-D [WMD = 2.46, 95% CI (1.26, 3.67), P<0.01] and GMFM88-E [WMD = 3.44, 95% CI (1.21, 5.68), P = 0.003], TUG [WMD = -3.17, 95% CI (-5.11, -1.24), P = 0.001], BBS [WMD = 4.00,95% CI (3.29, 4.71), P<0. 01] and the range of motion of ankle joint and the angle of ankle joint during muscle reaction in children with cerebral palsy. The effect of WBV training on 6MWT walking speed [WMD = 47.64, 95% CI (-25.57, 120.85), p = 0.20] in children with cerebral palsy was not significantly improved. Conclusion WBV training is more effective than other types of conventional physical therapy in improving the lower limb motor function of children with cerebral palsy. The results of this meta-analysis strengthen the evidence of previous individual studies, which can be applied to the clinical practice and decision-making of WBV training and rehabilitation in children with cerebral palsy.
An expectation maximization framework for an improved ultrasound-based tissue characterization

Ultrasonic tissue characterization has been gaining increasing attention. This procedure is generally based on the analysis of the echo signal. As the ultrasound echo is degraded by the system Point Spread Function, deconvolution could be employed to provide a tissue response estimate, exploitable for a better characterization. In this context, we present a deconvolution framework expressively designed to improve tissue characterization. Thanks to a new model for tissue reflectivity the proposed framework overcomes limitations associated with standard ones. The performance was evaluated from several tissue-mimicking phantoms. Obtained results show relevant improvements in classification accuracy. From a comparison with standard schemes the superiority of the proposed algorithm was attested.
Genetic propensity for cerebral amyloidosis and risk of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease within a cognitive reserve framework

We constructed a polygenic risk score (PRS) for β‐amyloid (PRSAβ42) to proxy AD pathology and investigated its association with incident Alzheimer's disease (AD)/amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and the influence of cognitive reserve (CR), proxied by educational years, on the relationship between PRSAβ42 and AD/aMCI risk.
On Bayesian Analysis of Generalized Linear Models Using Jeffreys's Prior

Abstract Generalized linear models (GLM's) have proved suitable for modeling various kinds of data consisting of exponential family response variables with covariates. Bayesian analysis of such data requires specification of a prior for the regression parameters in the model used. Uniform priors are very commonly used as conventional noninformative priors. We show, however, that uniform priors for GLM's can lead to improper posterior distributions thus making them undesirable. Alternative reference priors may be constructed from Jeffreys's rule. In this article, we give two theorems that support the use of Jeffreys's priors for GLM's with intrinsically fixed or known scale parameters. These theorems provide (i) sufficient and (ii) necessary and sufficient conditions for the propriety of the (i) posterior and (ii) prior distributions as well as for the existence of moments. Implications of these theorems for some commonly used GLM's are discussed. Finally, an illustrative example is given for the binomial .
Multiaspect classification of airborne targets via physics-based HMMs and matching pursuits

Wideband electromagnetic fields scattered from N distinct target-sensor orientations are employed for classification of airborne targets. Each of the scattered waveforms is parsed via physics-based matching pursuits, yielding N feature vectors. The feature vectors are submitted to a hidden Markov model (HMM), each state of which is characterized by a set of target-sensor orientations over which the associated feature vectors are relatively stationary. The N feature vectors extracted from the multiaspect scattering data implicitly sample N states of the target (some states may be sampled more than once), with the state sequence modeled statistically as a Markov process, resulting in an HMM due to the "hidden" or unknown target orientation. In the work presented here, the state-dependent probability of observing a given feature vector is modeled via physics-motivated linear distributions, in lieu of the traditional Gaussian mixtures applied in classical HMMs. Further, we develop a scheme that yields autonomous definitions for the aspect-dependent HMM states. The paradigm is applied to synthetic scattering data for two simple targets.