Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ATYPICAL SMALL GLANDS IN PROSTATE NEEDLE BIOPSIES. DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

Background: The purpose of this study was to report our experience on prostate needle biopsy specimens that contained foci of atypical suspected acini but not diagnosed for malignancy. Material and Methods: We reviewed all the prostate needle biopsies performed at our institution between January 1988 and June 1999. Cases diagnosed as atypical with suspected malignancy and without previous histopathological diagnosis of prostate carcinoma were re-evaluated and several clinicopathological data were assessed. A comparison was made between eventually malignant and benign groups. For all cases the histological diagnostic suspicion was separated into 3 groups (probably benign; uncertain; probably malignant). Results: 39 (2.89%) patients showed foci of atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP). On review, 19 cases were found to have an adequate follow-up. Of these, 10 (52.63%) were later found to have adenocarcinoma, with a mean Gleason score of 6.28. Forty-two percent of cases with uncertain diagnosis and 63.6% from the probably malignant group were carcinomas. Proteinaceous eosinophilic secretions (p = 0.006) and acute inflammation (p = 0.02) were more frequent in patients with subsequent benign biopsies. Follow-up low PSA value was significantly associated with a benign outcome (p = 0.04). Conclusions: The right clinical attitude after a diagnosis of ASAP must be careful patient follow-up considering the repetition of biopsy after few months.
Metabolic profile of lung-targeted docetaxel liposomes in rabbits, rats and mice

Abstract 1. Docetaxel (DTX) liposome powder was stable over three months, and the liposome suspension was stable within 8 h. 2. Rabbits, rats and mice were intravenously treated with DTX-LP or with a DTX injection (DTX-IN). Four major metabolites of DTX were identified in feces: M1, M2, M3 and M4. However, M4 was not found in the bile. 3. The most abundant metabolite in the feces was M2 followed by M1/M3, with only a small amount of M4 observed. The most abundant metabolite in bile was also M2, followed by M1/M3. 4. The liposomal delivery of DTX did not alter the in vivo drug metabolism, and there were no significant differences among the three species tested. This suggested that this formulation is pharmaceutically safe for clinical use. In contrast to the traditional injected formula, DTX-LP administration significantly delayed drug metabolism, as observed in feces and bile. This property will greatly enhance the DTX therapeutic efficacy and reduce the systemic side effects of NSCLC treatment.
Immunomodulation by Human Milk Oligosaccharides: The Potential Role in Prevention of Allergic Diseases

The prevalence and incidence of allergic diseases is rising and these diseases have become the most common chronic diseases during childhood in Westernized countries. Early life forms a critical window predisposing for health or disease. Therefore, this can also be a window of opportunity for allergy prevention. Postnatally the gut needs to mature, and the microbiome is built which further drives the training of infant's immune system. Immunomodulatory components in breastmilk protect the infant in this crucial period by; providing nutrients that contain substrates for the microbiome, supporting intestinal barrier function, protecting against pathogenic infections, enhancing immune development and facilitating immune tolerance. The presence of a diverse human milk oligosaccharide (HMOS) mixture, containing several types of functional groups, points to engagement in several mechanisms related to immune and microbiome maturation in the infant's gastrointestinal tract. In recent years, several pathways impacted by HMOS have been elucidated, including their capacity to; fortify the microbiome composition, enhance production of short chain fatty acids, bind directly to pathogens and interact directly with the intestinal epithelium and immune cells. The exact mechanisms underlying the immune protective effects have not been fully elucidated yet. We hypothesize that HMOS may be involved in and can be utilized to provide protection from developing allergic diseases at a young age. In this review, we highlight several pathways involved in the immunomodulatory effects of HMOS and the potential role in prevention of allergic diseases. Recent studies have proposed possible mechanisms through which HMOS may contribute, either directly or indirectly, via microbiome modification, to induce oral tolerance. Future research should focus on the identification of specific pathways by which individual HMOS structures exert protective actions and thereby contribute to the capacity of the authentic HMOS mixture in early life allergy prevention.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEURAXIS IN THE DOMESTIC CAT TO THE STAGE OF TWENTY‐ONE SOMITES

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MORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE CONCERNING THE ORIGIN OF THE B GENOME IN WHEAT

THE CULTIVATED hexaploid wheat is an allopolyploid with three distinct genomic complements, A, B, and D. Of these, D was contributed by Aegilops squarrosa, as shown by Kihara (1944), and McFadden and Sears (1946). Though the correspondence of the A genome of the tetraploid emmers (AB) with the A of the diploid einkorns (A) is not perfect (Kihara and Lilienfeld, 1932), wheat cytologists generally assume that the tetraploids and therefore the hexaploids receive their A genome from the einkorn group (Sears, 1948). There is also general agreement concerning the close relationship of the two emmer genomes with the A and B of the hexaploids. This leaves the B genome as a distinct unit, the origin of which is still unknown. Various workers have attempted to identify the parental species that contributed the B genome to tetraploid wheat by means of cytological studies of its hybrids with other species, but these attempts have been unsuccessful. The main cause of these failures has been ascribed to the great antiquity of the tetraploid wheat and hence the many changes that must have occurred in the B genome since its incorporation into the allotetraploid (Sears, 1948). Following Kihara's classical work on Triticum and Aegilops, the usual practice of genome analysis has been the use of diploid species with known genomes as analysers, for the determination of the genomic complement of related allopolyploids with more than one genome, on the basis of meiotic pairing (Lilienfeld, 1951). However, meiotic pairing can hardly be recognized as an indication of the complete genetic homology of two genomes, since partially homologous chromosomes often pair readily and form chiasmata, especially in many groups of grasses which contain closely related species. Obviously the method of genome analysis does not fully justify the assumption that genomes denoted by identical symbols are really identical in their gene content or in the structural pattern of their chromosomes. Further, genome analysis is possible only when the diploid parents in question are known and serves to verify their identity. Thus, in order to discover an unknown parent involved in the phylogeny of an allopolyploid, the method of genome analysis can be used only by a process of trial and error. Since chromosome pairing in the hybrids between tetraploid wheat and its supposed diploid relatives has not clarified the relationship of the B genome, we must
Left Ventricular Structure and Function in TTR-Related versus AL Cardiac Amyloidosis

Background — Immunoglobulin light chain (AL)-related cardiac amyloidosis (CA) has a worse prognosis than either wild type (ATTRwt) or mutant (ATTRm) transthyretin (TTR) CA. Detailed echocardiographic studies have been performed in AL, but not in TTR amyloidosis, and might give insight into this difference. We assessed cardiac structure and function and outcome in a large population of patients with CA and compared findings in TTR and AL-related disease. Methods and Results — We analyzed 172 patients with CA (AL, n=80; ATTRm, n=36; ATTRwt, n=56) by standard echocardiography and two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (STI)-derived left ventricular (LV) longitudinal (LS), radial (RS) and circumferential strain (CS). Despite a preserved LV ejection fraction (55±12%), LS was severely impaired in CA. Standard measures of LV function as well as STI worsened as wall thickness increased, while apical LS was preserved irrespective of the etiology of CA and the degree of wall thickening. Compared to ATTRm and AL, ATTRwt was characterized by greater LV wall thickness and lower ejection fraction. LS was more depressed in both ATTRwt and AL (respectively -11±3% and -12±4%, p=0.54), than in ATTRm (-15±4%, p<0.01 vs. AL and ATTRwt). TTR-related etiologies were favorable predictors of survival, whereas LS and advanced NYHA class were negative predictors. Conclusions — In patients with CA, worsening LV function correlated with increasing wall thickness regardless of etiology. Patients with ATTRwt had a statistically greater wall thickness but lesser mortality than those with AL, despite very similar degrees of longitudinal strain impairment. This paradox suggests an additional mechanism for LV dysfunction in AL amyloidosis, such as previously demonstrated light-chain toxicity. fffororormamt eendndnococararrdidiialalal bbborororddeder r wwawas trtraaceddd aaat annn eeendd-d-d-diaiasststoololicic ffrraameme inn apappicicicalal vvieieiwwsws aandndnd aatt t ennd-d-dsysysyststololicicic fffraramememes s ininn sshhohortr aaaxxisisis vvvieieiewswss. EnEnEnddd-dididiasasatttollele wwwasasas dddefeffiiinenend d bybyby tthhhe QQQRRSRS cccomommpplplexxx ooor r bybyy tttheh befeffororore e mimimitrtralalal valalalveveve oopepepeniniingngn. ThThThe e e sosooftftfwawawareree ttraraackckckededed ssspepepeckckklelelesss alalaononong gg ththhe e e lolonnngeeer dididissseaasase e dududuraratititiononn. NTNTNT--prproBoBoBNPNPN vvalalalueuues s wewewerere lllowowwerer iin nn ATATATTRTRTRmm m ththhananan ooorr , , ATATATRTRTRm aayeeersr) occurss bbbeefeooore e thtteee mamamssssss eefffffececect t eexxeeerteddd bbby cchrhrroniicic aammmyylloioiddd ddedepoposissttiiononn. TThThe e lalalatttttererr memeechchchanananisismm m isisis mmoororeee evevvidddenent ininin AAATTTTTTRwRwRwt.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ HOW AFRICAN AMERICAN MALE TYPICALITY AFFECTS IN-GROUP BELONGING AND STEREOTYPING: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in PSYCHOLOGY By

v Acknowledgments . vi
Combinatorial arguments for linear logic full completeness

We investigate categorical models of the unit-free multiplicative and multiplicative-additive fragments of linear logic by representing derivations as particular structures known as dinatural transformations. Suitable categories are considered to satisfy a property known as full completeness if all such entities are the interpretation of a correct derivation. It is demonstrated that certain Hyland-Schalk double glueings [HS03] are capable of transforming large numbers of degenerate models into more accurate ones. Compact closed categories with finite biproducts possess enough structure that their morphisms can be described as forms of linear arrays. We introduce the notion of an extended tensor (or ? extensor? ) over arbitrary semirings, and show that they uniquely describe arrows between objects generated freely from the tensor unit in such categories. It is made evident that the concept may be extended yet further to provide meaningful decompositions of more general arrows. We demonstrate how the calculus of extensors makes it possible to examine the combinatorics of certain double glueing constructions. From this we show that the Hyland-Tan version [Tan97], when applied to compact closed categories satisfying a far weaker version of full completeness, produces genuine fully complete models of unit-free multiplicative linear logic. Research towards the development of a full completeness result for the multiplicative-additive fragment is detailed. The proofs work for categories of finite arrays over certain semirings under both the Hyland-Tan and Schalk [Sch04] constructions. We offer a possible route to finishing this proof. An interpretation of these results with respect to linear logic proof theory is provided, and possible further research paths and generalisations are discussed.
Sex disparities in food consumption patterns, dietary diversity and determinants of self-reported body weight changes before and amid the COVID-19 pandemic in 10 Arab countries

Background The COVID-19 pandemic along with its confinement period boosted lifestyle modifications and impacted women and men differently which exacerbated existing gender inequalities. The main objective of this paper is to assess the gender-based differentials in food consumption patterns, dietary diversity and the determinants favoring weight change before and amid the COVID-19 pandemic among Arab men and women from 10 Arab countries. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted based on a convenience sample of 12,447 households' family members (mean age: 33.2 ± 12.9; 50.1% females) and information from participants aged 18 years and above was collected about periods before and during the pandemic. Results Findings showed that, during the COVID-19 period, the dietary diversity, declined by 1.9% among females compared to males (0.4%) (p < 0.001) and by 1.5% among overweight participants (p < 0.001) compared to their counterparts. Conclusions To conclude, gender-sensitive strategies and policies to address weight gain and dietary diversity during emergent shocks and pandemics are urgently needed in the region.
Variability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in children and adults

The novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has taken the whole world by storm. It has not only challenged the scienti ﬁ c community and medical services in terms of treatment and vaccination but also raised a lot of questions. One such question that needs to be addressed is its lesser infection rate in children (age: 0 – 13) compared to adults. Since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is novel, no one has pre-existing immunity to it. A peculiar trend of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been observed in adults or patients with a weak or compromised immune system, leading to in ﬂ uenza-like symptoms, namely cough, fever, myalgia or fatigue [1,2] , and death in severe cases (like acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia) around the globe [3] . To everyone ’ s surprise, no such severe symptoms or need of hospitalization has been reported in children although children under 5 years of age have a less-developed immune system compared to adults and are more vulnerable to diseases like in ﬂ uenza or common cold. It is signi ﬁ cant to high-light that fatality rates differ signi ﬁ cantly between nations, possibly because of factors like starvation, the availability of healthcare, misdiagnosis, and a decline in the detection of patients with no symptoms. In low-income nations, these elements have a key role in determining the course of the COVID-19 illness [4] . Previous data have also revealed that the number of children infected with SARS-CoV and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus were also meagre compared to adults [5] . The fact that children have an underdeveloped and immature immune system might be one of the reasons, which is thought to be a blessing in disguise. During the ﬁ
Netlang: A software for the linguistic analysis of corpora by means of complex networks

To date there is no software that directly connects the linguistic analysis of a conversation to a network program. Networks programs are able to extract statistical information from data basis with information about systems of interacting elements. Language has also been conceived and studied as a complex system. However, most proposals do not analyze language according to linguistic theory, but use instead computational systems that should save time at the price of leaving aside many crucial aspects for linguistic theory. Some approaches to network studies on language do apply precise linguistic analyses, made by a linguist. The problem until now has been the lack of interface between the analysis of a sentence and its integration into the network that could be managed by a linguist and that could save the analysis of any language. Previous works have used old software that was not created for these purposes and that often produced problems with some idiosyncrasies of the target language. The desired interface should be able to deal with the syntactic peculiarities of a particular language, the options of linguistic theory preferred by the user and the preservation of morpho-syntactic information (lexical categories and syntactic relations between items). Netlang is the first program able to do that. Recently, a new kind of linguistic analysis has been developed, which is able to extract a complexity pattern from the speaker's linguistic production which is depicted as a network where words are inside nodes, and these nodes connect each other by means of edges or links (the information inside the edge can be syntactic, semantic, etc.). The Netlang software has become the bridge between rough linguistic data and the network program. Netlang has integrated and improved the functions of programs used in the past, namely the DGA annotator and two scripts (ToXML.pl and Xml2Pairs.py) used for transforming and pruning data. Netlang allows the researcher to make accurate linguistic analysis by means of syntactic dependency relations between words, while tracking record of the nature of such syntactic relationships (subject, object, etc). The Netlang software is presented as a new tool that solve many problems detected in the past. The most important improvement is that Netlang integrates three past applications into one program, and is able to produce a series of file formats that can be read by a network program. Through the Netlang software, the linguistic network analysis based on syntactic analyses, characterized for its low cost and the completely non-invasive procedure aims to evolve into a sufficiently fine grained tool for clinical diagnosis in potential cases of language disorders.
Jackpine: A benchmark to evaluate spatial database performance

The volume of spatial data generated and consumed is rising exponentially and new applications are emerging as the costs of storage, processing power and network bandwidth continue to decline. Database support for spatial operations is fast becoming a necessity rather than a niche feature provided by a few products. However, the spatial functionality offered by current commercial and open-source relational databases differs significantly in terms of available features, true geodetic support, spatial functions and indexing. Benchmarks play a crucial role in evaluating the functionality and performance of a particular database, both for application users and developers, and for the database developers themselves. In contrast to transaction processing, however, there is no standard, widely used benchmark for spatial database operations. In this paper, we present a spatial database benchmark called Jackpine. Our benchmark is portable (it can support any database with a JDBC driver implementation) and includes both micro benchmarks and macro workload scenarios. The micro benchmark component tests basic spatial operations in isolation; it consists of queries based on the Dimensionally Extended 9-intersection model of topological relations and queries based on spatial analysis functions. Each macro workload includes a series of queries that are based on a common spatial data application. These macro scenarios include map search and browsing, geocoding, reverse geocoding, flood risk analysis, land information management and toxic spill analysis. We use Jackpine to evaluate the spatial features in 2 open source databases and 1 commercial offering.
Electromagnetic Low-Frequency Dipolar Excitation of Two Metal Spheres in a Conductive Medium

This work concerns the low-frequency interaction of a time-harmonic magnetic dipole, arbitrarily orientated in the three-dimensional space, with two perfectly conducting spheres embedded within a homogeneous conductive medium. In such physical applications, where two bodies are placed near one another, the 3D bispherical geometry fits perfectly. Considering two solid impenetrable (metallic) obstacles, excited by a magnetic dipole, the scattering boundary value problem is attacked via rigorous low-frequency expansions in terms of integral powers (? )? , where ? =0, ? being the complex wave number of the exterior medium, for the incident, scattered, and total non-axisymmetric electric and magnetic fields. We deal with the static (? =0) and the dynamic (? =1,2,3) terms of the fields, while for ? =4 the contribution has minor significance. The calculation of the exact solutions, satisfying Laplace’s and Poisson’s differential equations, leads to infinite linear systems, solved approximately within any order of accuracy through a cut-off procedure and via numerical implementation. Thus, we obtain the electromagnetic fields in an analytically compact fashion as infinite series expansions of bispherical eigenfunctions. A simulation is developed in order to investigate the effect of the radii ratio, the relative position of the spheres, and the position of the dipole on the real and imaginary parts of the calculated scattered magnetic field.
Cacería de subsistencia, manejo y conservación de fauna silvestre en comunidades rurales de la Península de Yucatán, México

59 Background! 60 Methods! 61 Study area! 61 Data collection and analyses! 62 Results! 63 General description of hunting and uses of species! 63 Hunting sites, hunting frequencies, and harvest rates! 66
Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride-loaded glyceryl monostearate nanoparticle: factorial design of Lutrol F68 and Phospholipon 90G

Purpose: This investigation was undertaken to develop glyceryl monostearate (Geleol)-based solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of a hydrophilic drug ciprofloxacin HCl. Methods: Hansen's solubility parameter study was carried out in screening of a suitable carrier and solvent system. Subsequently, SLNs were prepared by solvent diffusion evaporation method and investigated for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug release behaviour. Results: Variations in SLN composition resulted in particle sizes between 170 and 810 nm and ZPs between 8 and 14 mV. The maximum EE was found to be 26.3% with particle size of 188.8 nm. SLN can sustain the release of drug for up to 15 h and it shows Higuchi matrix model as the best-fitted model. SLNs were stable without aggregation of particles under storage conditions. Conclusions: The results of this study provide the framework for further study involving the SLN formulation for hydrophilic drug molecule.