Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing prevalence, knowledge and use of cognitive enhancers among university students in the United Arab Emirates: A quantitative study

Background Cognitive enhancers (CE) are often used to improve memory, alertness and cognitive capacity. These products are commercially and pharmaceutically available. Due to high academic pressure, university students are at risk of CE misuse. However, data regarding this issue are limited, especially in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Aims To assess the prevalence of CE intake; evaluate students’ knowledge of these substances; and identify student characteristics associated with CE usage. Method A cross sectional study based on a validated online survey that was distributed using university-licensed software (Qualtrics) as a direct web link via email and social media to all Medical, Pharmacy, Dentistry, Nursing and Engineering students enrolled in six UAE universities. Associations between student characteristics and CE use were investigated using the chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression. Reasons for CE use, temporal patterns of use, details regarding purchase and types of CE used were compared by gender. Results One quarter of students had used CEs. There was a clear difference between users and non-users in terms of gender (p<0.001). CE users were disproportionately represented by students from either UAE or other Arab countries (p<0.001), and by students of Medicine, followed by Pharmacy, Dentistry, and Engineering (p<0.001). CE use increased with year of study, reaching the highest level in the fourth year (p<0.001), which for most programmes is the final year. Modafinil was self-administered, especially in males, for concentration and alertness; B12 was typically taken by female students for academic performance and concentration; and high-dosage caffeine compounds were ingested to improve alertness levels. Use of the internet for both obtaining information and purchasing CEs was frequently reported. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that gender, nationality, and year of study were associated with CE use among UAE university students. Conclusions Universities need to address the prevalence of CE use amongst their students by providing effective support programs.
A survey of BWT variants for string collections

In recent years, the focus of bioinformatics research has moved from individual sequences to collections of sequences. Given the fundamental role of the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) in string processing, a number of dedicated tools have been developed for computing the BWT of string collections. While the focus has been on improving efficiency, both in space and time, the exact definition of the BWT employed has not been at the center of attention. As we show in this paper, the different tools in use often compute non-equivalent BWT variants: the resulting transforms can differ from each other significantly, including the number $r$ of runs, a central parameter of the BWT. Moreover, with many tools, the transform depends on the input order of the collection. In other words, on the same dataset, the same tool may output different transforms if the dataset is given in a different order. We studied $18$ dedicated tools for computing the BWT of string collections and have been able to identify $6$ different BWT variants computed by these tools. We review the differences between these BWT variants, both from a theoretical and from a practical point of view, comparing them on $8$ real-life biological datasets with different characteristics. We find that the differences can be extensive, depending on the datasets, and are largest on collections of many similar short sequences. The parameter $r$, the number of runs of the BWT, also shows notable variation between the different BWT variants; on our datasets, it varied by a multiplicative factor of up to $4.2$. Source code and scripts to replicate the results and download the data used in the article are available at \url{https://github.com/davidecenzato/BWT-variants-for-string-collections}
Paper 088 , ENG-xxx Design and Test of an Ironless Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine using Halbach Array

Conventional permanent magnet electric machines utilize ferromagnetic cores of high permeability. The high core permeability relative to the surrounding material helps to concentrate the magnetic flux in the core, and guide the flux across the airgap of the machine. An ironless machine design removes the ferromagnetic core, thus eliminating core losses due to hysteresis and eddy currents. As a result, the machine is capable of improved efficiency even at high speeds where core losses are problematic in conventional designs. The ironless design also has zero cogging torque, reduced weight, and is simple to manufacture. The axial flux implementation of this machine has been shown to have performance advantages over the radial flux machine, and also permits an adjustable airgap length. However, the absence of an iron core generally results in lower airgap flux, which is a handicap in terms of torque production. For high torque, the airgap magnetic flux density should be as high as possible. Although this is difficult to achieve without an iron core, a Halbach array of permanent magnets can be used to focus the magnetic flux toward the airgap. The Halbach magnet array also produces a naturally sinusoidal airgap flux distribution, which helps to reduce torque torque ripple when operated with synchronous drives. The Halbach array requires additional permanent magnetic material, however, which yields higher material cost. In the paper the design and test of an ironless axial flux permanent magnet motor are presented. The machine requirements and drive constraints (power, speed, diameter, available bus voltage) are used to size the motor. The rotor design consists of optimizing the airgap length and determining magnet dimensions. From the identified airgap length, the stator arrangement and coil design is then realized. The machine is constructed and tested, with predicted performance compared to observed experimental results.
Estimating Relative Changes of Metabolic Fluxes using Kinetic Flux Proﬁling

S3 Missing Data and Reduced Models 11 S3.1 Metabolite Removal: An Analytical Approach . 11 S3.1. 1 KFP . 11 S3.1. 2 rKFP . 13 S3.2 Pathway Removal . 15 S3.2. 1 KFP . 15 S3.2. 2 rKFP . 18 S3.3 How Lumping Isomers Affects KFP . 20 S3.4 Plots of costs . 21 S3.5 Dynamics of serial and parallel bipartition . 22 S3.6 Summary Table . 22
LTH-ECG: Lottery Ticket Hypothesis-based Deep Learning Model Compression for Atrial Fibrillation Detection from Single Lead ECG On Wearable and Implantable Devices

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is a kind of arrhythmia, which is a major morbidity factor, and AF can lead to stroke, heart failure and other cardiovascular complications. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the basic marker to test the condition of heart and it can effectively detect AF condition. Single lead ECG has the practical advantage for being small form factor and it is easy to deploy. With the sophistication of the current deep learning (DL) models, researchers have been able to construct cardiologist-level models to detect different arrhythmias including AF condition detection from single lead short-time ECG signals. However, such models are computationally expensive and require huge memory size for deployment (more than 100 MB to deploy state-of-the-art 34-layer convolutional neural network-based ECG classification model). Such models need to be significantly trimmed with insignificantly loss of its classification performance for deployment in practical applications like single lead ECG classification in wearable and implantable devices. We have found that classical deep learning model compression techniques like pruning, quantization are not capable of substantial model size reduction without compromising on the model performance. In this paper, we propose LTH-ECG, which is our novel goal-driven winning lottery ticket discovery method, where lottery ticket hypothesis (LTH)-based iterative model pruning is used with the aim of over-pruning avoidance. LTH-ECG reduces the model size by 142x times with insignificant loss of classification performance (less than 1 % test F1-score penalty). Clinical Relevance- LTH-ECG will enable practical deployment for remote screening of AF condition using single lead short-time ECG recordings such that patients can on-demand monitor AF condition remotely through wearable ECG sensing devices and report cardiological abnormality to the concerned physician. LTH-ECG acts as an early warning system for effective AF condition screening.
Evolutionary tracks of millisecond pulsars with low-mass companions

We consider the evolution of millisecond radio pulsars in binary systems with a main-sequence or evolved stellar companion. Evolution of non-accreting binary systems with "eclipsing" milisecond pulsars was described by Klu\'zniak, Czerny & Ray (1992) who predicted that systems like the one containing the Terzan 5 PSR 1744-24A will in the future become accreting low mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), while PSR 1957+20 may evaporate its companion. The model presented in the current paper gives similar results for these two objects and allows to obtain diverse evolutionary tracks of millisecond pulsars with low mass companions (black widows). Our results suggest that the properties of many black widow systems can be explained by an ablation phase lasting a few hundred million years. Some of these sources may regain Roche lobe contact in a comparable time, and become LMXBs.
On some quadratic algebras, Dunkl elements, Schubert, Grothendieck, Tutte and reduced polynomials

We introduce and study a certain class of quadratic algebras, which are nonhomogenious in general, together with the distinguish set of mutually commuting elements inside of each, the so-called Dunkl elements. We describe relations among the Dunkl elements in the case of a family of quadratic algebras corresponding to a certain splitting of the universal classical Yang–Baxter relations into two three term relations. This result is a further extension and generalization of analogous results obtained in [22],[58] and [40]. As an application we describe explicitly the set of relations among the Gaudin elements in the group ring of the symmetric group, cf [56]. We also study relations among the Dunkl elements in the case of (nonhomogeneous) quadratic algebras related with the universal dynamical classical Yang–Baxter relations. Some relations of results obtained in papers [22], [41], [37] with those obtained in [29] are pointed out. We also identify a subalgebra generated by the elements corresponding to the simple roots in extended Fomin–Kirillov algebra with the DAHA, see Section 4.3. The set of generators of algebras in question, naturally corresponds to the set of edges of the complete graph Kn (to the set of edges and loops of the complete graph with loops K̃n in dynamical case). More generally, starting from any subgraph Γ of the complete graph with loops K̃n we define a (graded) subalgebra 3T (0) n (Γ) of the (graded) algebra 3T (0) n (K̃n) [35]. In the case of loop-less graphs Γ ⊂ Kn we state Conjecture which relates the Hilbert polynomial of the abelian quotient 3T (0) n (Γ)ab of the algebra 3T (0) n (Γ) and the chromatic polynomial of the graph Γ we started with. We check our Conjecture for the complete graphs Kn and the complete bipartite graphs Kn,m. Besides, in the case of complete multipartite graph Kn1,. ,nr , we identify the commutative subalgebra in the algebra 3T (0) N (Kn1,.,nr), N = n1 + · · ·+ nr, generated by elements θ (N) j,kj := ekj (θ (N) Nj−1+1 , . , θ (N) Nj ), 1 ≤ j ≤ r, 1 ≤ kj ≤ nj , Nj := n1+. +nj , N0 = 0,
The genetics of Wilms' tumor--a case of disrupted development.

THE WTI GENE . 526 Chromosome 11 pJ3 Deletions Led to the Isolation of the WTI Gene . 526 The WTl Gelle Encodes a Transcription Factor with Four Zinc Fingers . 527 The WTl Gene Is Requiredfor Normal Development of the Kidney, Gonad, and Related Structures . 528 wtl-Null Mice Fail To Develop Kidneys and Gonads . 529 Dominant-Negative WTI Mutations Are Likely To Cause the Severe Urogenital A bnormalities ill Denys-Drash Syndrome . 529 WTI Mutations Are Found in a Minority of Wilms' Tumors . 533 WTI Mutation May Play a Role in a Very Small Minority Mesotheliomas, Leukemias, and Tumors of the Gonad 536 WTl Seems To Act as a Transcriptional Repressor. 537 The Sigllificance of Multiple WTI lsofonns . 540 WTI Appears To Function at Three Different Stages of Nephrogenesis . 544 ADDITIONAL WILMS' TUMOR PREDISPOSITION GENES 545 Chromosome l lp15, Genomic Imprinting, alld the Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome 545 Rare Familial Predisposition to Wilms' Tumor Is Not Linked To Chromosome 11 . 549 LOH Allalysis Suggests all A dditional WT Gene 011 Chromosome 16 . 549 The p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene Is Mutated in a Very Small alld Specific Subset of Wilms' Tumors . 550 WILMS' TUMORS IN ANIMAL MODEL SYSTEMS . 550 Chemically Induced Rat Wilms' Tumors A rise Through WTI Mutation . 551
Bone Marrow Alterations Associated with Canine Parvoviral Enteritis

of the glossal hemangiosarcomas also were discrete red masses, but were less than 0.5 cm in diameter. Although the larger neoplasms frequently were thinly encapsulated, the smaller lesions tended to be well-defined but unencapsulated. Microscopically the neoplasms in both the skin and tongue were similar to those commonly found in internal sites and were composed of plump, hyperchromatic spindle-shaped cells forming both irregular vascular sinusoids and solid sheets (fig. 1, 2). Mitotic figures were seen frequently. Focal areas of necrosis were found, especially in the larger neoplasms. All contained large amounts of blood either within neoplastic sinusoids or extravasated into the stroma of the neoplasm or adjacent dermis. In conclusion, hemangiosarcoma of the skin and tongue are associated with internal lesions in approximately one-third of the cases. The hemangiosarcomas reported here were first detected in the skin or tongue, or both, rather than in the internal organs. It is not known whether or not these represent primary or metastatic lesions. The frequent finding of a single skin lesion and the apparent predilection for the skin of the lower abdomen (70% of skin lesions), however, would seem to argue that this area may represent either a preferred site of primary cutaneous origin or alternatively a preferred site of concurrent origin with internal lesions rather than metastatic lesions. With cutaneous metastasis of internal primary hemangiosarcoma, one would more reasonably expect random, more widespread involvement of the skin.
CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN 4 (CTLA-4) GENE POLYMORPHISMS IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMA.

Souad Mohamed Aboazma 1 , Ayman Z. Elsamanoudy 1 , Naglaa Mokhtar 1 , Ahmed Mohsen 1 and Asem A. Hewidy 2 . 1. Medical BiochemistryDepartment, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt. 2. Chest Medicine Department,Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Antropología dental: una herramienta valiosa con fines forenses

La evolución abarca una cantidad de conceptos, planteamientos teóricos, conflictos religiosos, dogmas de fe y hallazgos científicos. Se destaca primordialmente que los parámetros básicos universalmente aceptados de la teoría evolutiva son la selección natural por medio de la supervivencia del más apto y los mecanismos que han permitido la permanencia de nuestra especie biológica sobre el planeta. Los mamíferos, los homínidos, el Homo Sapiens y sus dientes no escapan a la influencia de estos fenomenos. La antropología se ha encargado de estudiar al hombre desde sus orígenes hasta nuestros días a través de una serie de herramientas entre las cuales se destaca la cultura, el lenguaje y la vida social, elementos que nos hacen selectivamente diferentes al resto de animales del planeta. De la primera surge la antropología dental, rama que adquiere carácter propio y estudia el diente primitivo desde aquellas placas de origen dérmico de algunos cordados del período Ordovícico (hace 460 millones de años) hasta la evolución de los dientes del hombre moderno, los cuales simplifican su morfología a razón del medio ambiente, hábitos y tipo de dieta. En la organización de la dentición humana se observan procesos de adaptación y especialización. Una tendencia característica en la evolución de los dientes, documentada por fósiles homínidos, certifica una involución de ésta, evidenciada en la pérdida de terceros molares, incisivos laterales superiores y en menor grado segundos premolares inferiores. Son estos estudios los que permiten determinar la morfología dental y c1asificarla de acuerdo a la variabilidad y a la presencia / ausencia; rasgos morfológicos y odontométricos que determinan el sexo, la edad y la filiación racial y ancestral entre otros, de cualquier ser humano, primitivo o actual. Esto permitió, tal como se aprecia en esta revisión, que la antropología dental se constituyera en una valiosa herramienta para fines forenses, permitiéndole a la odontología forense erigirse en un importante papel dentro1del ámbito social, cultural y científico del mundo contemporáneo. En este artículo se hace una revisión bibliográfica sobre la antropología dental como una ciencia que amalgama la antropología física y la odontología para fines forenses.
An ontological framework and a methodical skeleton for method engineering : a contextual approach

Leppänen, Mauri An Ontological Framework and a Methodical Skeleton for Method Engineering – A Contextual Approach Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2005, 702 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Computing ISSN 1456-5390; 52) ISBN 951-39-2186-7 Finnish summary Diss. Method engineering (ME) is commonly carried out in an intuitive and improvising fashion. This is largely due to the lack of explicit methodical support. The literature does suggest an array of ME strategies, ME approaches, ME techniques, and ME procedures, but the assistance they provide is not satisfying. It can be argued that the ME field has not advanced far from its “pre-methodical” stage. An ISD method is an abstract and multifaceted notion, and there exist quite diverging views on its nature, structure, content, and significance. For this reason, to construct a feasible methodical support to method engineering, it is necessary to anchor it upon a theoretically sound and uniform conceptual foundation. The objective of this thesis is to construct an ontological framework for conceiving, understanding, structuring, and representing the phenomena related to an ISD method and its engineering, and to construct a methodical skeleton to support the ME process. The thesis crafts two design artifacts, OntoFrame and MEMES. OntoFrame is an ontological framework, comprising a number of component ontologies with a multi-dimensional structure. These components range from highly generic ontologies to ME-specific ones. Resulting from the application of a contextual approach in ontology engineering, the ontologies highlight, in a multi-faceted manner, contextual features of reality. The framework was derived from multiple theories and existing ME artifacts with deductive and inductive principles, and it is represented in UML-based meta models. MEMES is a normative prescription for ME, structuring and guiding the accomplishment of ME work. It consists of three ME workflows: ISD method requirements engineering, ISD method analysis, and ISD method evaluation. For each of the ME workflows, ME approaches, principles, and steps are suggested in MEMES. Both of the artifacts are evaluated extensively in a number of comparative analyses of existing artifacts. MEMES is also evaluated with empirical methods. The results of the thesis can be utilized in future research to analyze and compare existing artifacts and to construct new ones for the use of ISD and ME. MEMES can be applied in practice to support the engineering of generic and domain-specific ISD methods. The research follows the design theory paradigm and applies conceptual and empirical research methods.
Big Windows and Little Windows: Implementation in the ‘Congested State’

This paper argues for the need to re-assess models of policy implementation in the ‘congested state’. This re-appraisal focuses on two main directions. The first involves locating implementation in the context of wider models of the policy process. We fuse three models, those of Kingdon, Wolman, and Challis et al., to form a new ‘policy streams’ approach. The second examines implementation in multi-level governance. In the UK and elsewhere, much of the focus of traditional implementation studies has been on the link between one central government department and a local agency. However, this vertical (central-local) dimension fails to give sufficient stress to the other horizontal dimensions of ‘central-central’ and ‘local-local’. Paraphrasing Kingdon's terms, implementation models also need to incorporate the ‘little windows’ at local level as well as the ‘big’ windows at national level. Using evidence relating to the implementation of UK policy towards health inequalities, this paper argues successful implementation is more likely when the three policy streams are linked across the three dimensions. The model is thought to be applicable to other areas of the public sectors and complex issues facing all governments.
Methodology and reporting quality of systematic review/meta-analysis of traditional Chinese medicine.

CONTEXT Good systematic reviews/meta-analyses are important sources of information for clinicians, patients, government officials, and other decision makers. Now, there is an increasing number of systematic reviews/meta-analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Thus, it is necessary to assess the quality of these reviews. OBJECTIVE To assess the methodology and reporting quality of systematic reviews/meta-analyses of TCM published in paper-based journals in China. METHODS A comprehensive search of the literature was performed to identify the maximum possible number of reviews on the prevention and cure researches in TCM. Two assessors (Junhua and Hongcai) independently extracted data and put them into a Microsoft Access database for analysis. Two assessment tools were used: (1) the Oxman-Guyatt Overview Quality Assessment Questionnaire (OQAQ); and (2) the Quality of Reporting of Meta analysis (QUOROM). RESULTS One hundred and seven papers (107) were identified: 71 reviews called "systematic reviews" and 36 called "meta-analyses. " More than half of all the reviews had methodological and reporting flaws that could have influenced the reviews' validity. The deficiencies were mainly in literature searches, characteristics of included and excluded studies reported, primary trials' quality assessment, and data merging. CONCLUSIONS The methodology and reporting quality are poor in both systematic reviews and meta-analysis reviews of TCM published in paper-based journals in China. We should respect the need for high-quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and do these according to specification.
Osteoporosis Knowledge and Attitudes: A Cross-Sectional Study Among College-Age Students

Objective: The authors' purpose in this study was to investigate the influence of knowledge of osteoporosis, attitudes regarding osteoporosis, and knowledge of dietary calcium on dairy product intake in both male and female college-age students. Participants: The authors conducted this cross-sectional study on 911 men and women enrolled in 2 demographically similar universities. Methods: A modified osteoporosis knowledge questionnaire assessed participant's general osteoporosis knowledge and perceived disease risk. Results: The authors found that knowledge of osteoporosis and calcium did not significantly influence dairy product intake. Attitude regarding osteoporosis was a significant predictor of dairy product intake in men but was not significant for the women. Conclusions: The authors recommend development and implementation of educational programs designed to increase awareness of calcium-rich food sources as well as other risk factors of this crippling disease.