Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactions and substrate selectivity within the SctRST complex of the type III secretion system of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT Many bacterial pathogens employ a protein complex, termed the type III secretion system (T3SS), to inject bacterial effectors into host cells. These effectors manipulate various cellular processes to promote bacterial growth and survival. The T3SS complex adopts a nano-syringe shape that is assembled across the bacterial membranes, with an extracellular needle extending toward the host cell membrane. The assembly of the T3SS is initiated by the association of three proteins, known as SctR, SctS, and SctT, which create an entry portal to the translocation channel within the bacterial inner membrane. Using the T3SS of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, we investigated, by mutational and functional analyses, the role of two structural construction sites formed within the SctRST complex and revealed that they are mutation-resistant components that are likely to act as seals preventing leakage of ions and metabolites rather than as substrate gates. In addition, we identified two residues in the SctS protein, Pro23, and Lys54, that are critical for the proper activity of the T3SS. We propose that Pro23 is critical for the physical orientation of the SctS transmembrane domains that create the tip of the SctRST complex and for their positioning with regard to other T3SS substructures. Surprisingly, we found that SctS Lys54, which was previously suggested to mediate the SctS self-oligomerization, is critical for T3SS activity due to its essential role in SctS-SctT hetero-interactions.
Early life 1000 days: opportunities for preventing adult diseases

With the rapid socioeconomic development, improvediseases. We emphasize and call for more widespread ments in living standards, and changes in lifestyle, adult diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, obesity, and so on, are increasing dramatically over the past decades, which have caused a huge economic and health burden at both population and individual levels in China. The increased burden of adult diseases has become the main public health issue, and prevention of adult diseases in China has become a formidable task during recent years. In 2016, China has put forward the concept of whole life-course health and efforts have been made on shifting the focus from treating diseases to prevention. In view of the poor effects of prevention of diseases in adulthood, it is suggested that prevention and management of adult diseases should be extended to early life, which is the critical window for physiological programming and has profound and enduring effects on the whole life-cycle health. In 2018, an article named “To Prevent Cardiovascular Disease, Pay Attention to Pregnancy Complications” published in Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) also illustrated that pregnancy is a window to future health.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF FULLY DEPLETED DUAL MATERIAL GATE (DMG) SOI MOSFET AT 25NM TECHNOLOGY

The emergence of CMOS technology in the semiconductor industry is predominant. However, there is degradation of MOSFET characteristics as the technology is scaled down to nanometer regime. In this paper, Dual Material Gate MOSFET is analyzed to study the performance characteristics like DIBL, Subthreshold Slope and Ion/Ioff ratio using TCAD simulation. We observed that the DMG MOSFET is effective in reducing DIBL. Also, by using HfO2 as spacer, we obtained improvement in the Ion/Ioff ratio and reduction in DIBL and Subthreshold Slope.
SELECTION OF EFFECTIVE MITIGATION METHOD FOR INRUSH CURRENT IN POWER TRANSFORMER

Power Transformers are energized depending on load requirement by closing of circuit breakers which generate asymmetrical flux and result into saturation of transformer core. Due to which huge transient magnetizing inrush current is generated. Inrush current can be as high as ten to fifteen times its rated current. The magnitude of inrush current depends upon residual flux, angle of voltage during energization of transformer, source strength, and leakage impedance. This inrush current will further increase if a feeder containing multiple transformers is energized. DC-component of inrush transient currents of the incoming transformer generates additional saturation in the already connected transformers. The inrush current in transformer could cause many problems from mechanical stress on transformer windings to harmonics injection, and system protection malfunction. Tripping of electrical protective devices may be caused by the asymmetrical voltages and prolonged transient harmonic overvoltage, affecting the stability and reliability of the whole electrical systems. Different methods to reduce this inrush current have been discussed and implementation of Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) to control inrush current is highlighted in this paper.
Poor Leadership and the Toxic Environment

Being cognizant of one's skills as a library supervisor will go a long way towards determining if a library's staff considers its workplace healthy. A library can be flush with funding, have the greatest collection of resources, and be equipped with great technology -- but with poor leadership, work production and cohesiveness of staff members will steadily decline. Taking notice of the work environment and staff interactions, in addition to setting good examples, will serve any library supervisor well in improving workplace conditions. This article explores simple ways to incorporate these strategies.
Applying Situated Cognitive Engineering to Mental Health Computing

As the use of computer support systems for mental health treatment and rehabilitation is becoming more common, a specific engineering methodology for this domain seems justified. Such a methodology should give specific attention to key issues in this domain. Based on practical experience obtained in the design of a number of these systems over the years, the situated cognitive engineering approach is put forwards here as a successful engineering methodology that can guide professionals in their design and research of usable design solutions.
RESONANT MICROBEAM ACCELEROMETERS

Resonant microbeam strain-sensing elements have been combined with a highly symmetric multiwafer silicon microstructure to fonn the first micromachined accelerometer with a polysilicon resonant microbeam pickoff. The resonant microbeam accelerometers uniquely combine bulk micromachining with advanced surface micromachining techniques and a multiple-wafer structure to produce an all-silicon acceleration sensor capsule with a direct-to-digital frequency output. The microbeams are fabricated from thin films of mechanical-grade polysilicon with integral polysi1:icon vacuum encapsulation, electrostatic drive and piezoresistive sense. The silicon microstructure features a dual open-web suspension system formed monolithically with the silicon proof mass and frame. Silicon caps provide squeeze film gas damping, overrange protection, and environmental protection. Initial devices have been fabricated with scale factors greater than 700 Hz. /g on a +20-g device with a base microbeam frequency of 524 kHz. Root Allan variances below 0.1 Hz and seven-day stability measurements less than 2 ppm of the tiase frequency indicate that milli-g stability and micro-g sensitivities are attainable.
Applications of Kalman and Extended Kalman Filtering to Target Tracking

This study deals with the famous trackers named Kalman and extended Kalman filters. This is introduced by describing the state space representation approach to model the target system. A modification to the state prediction equation of Kalman and extended Kalman filters is given in order to offer an ability of multi-step ahead prediction of the target future position. The problem of missed measurements, with different percentages of missing, is studied and a method to estimate these missed measurements is then suggested. Some simulation experiments are performed and indicated that Kalman filtering techniques are promising when they deal with target tracking problem.
Prevalence and impact of malnutrition on length of stay, readmission, and discharge destination.

BACKGROUND Studies indicate one in three hospitalized patients are malnourished upon admission, however, the documented malnutrition rate in acute care hospitals is often lower. This study measured prevalence of malnutrition upon admission and correlated the relationship among malnutrition status, length of stay (LOS), discharge disposition, and readmission rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective observational cohort study was performed across nine tertiary care hospitals in Houston, Texas. Registered Dietitians screened patients age ≥18 within 24 hours of admission for 2 consecutive days per hospital. Malnourished patients were diagnosed using a modified version of 2012 Consensus Statement from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Data collected included demographics, LOS, discharge disposition, and 30-day re-admission status. RESULTS In 416 patients, 31.7% were malnourished upon admission. Malnourished patients were significantly older (67.8 vs 57.6 years, P<.001) and had a lower BMI (26.2 vs 32.4 kg/m2 , P<.001) than nonmalnourished patients. Malnourished patients had higher odds of having a LOS ≥3 days (2.38 [95% CI 1.45-3.88], P<.001) and higher odds of readmitting within 30 days (2.28 [95% CI 1.26-4.12], P<.006) when compared to nonmalnourished patients. There were no significantly different clinical outcomes between moderately and severely malnourished groups. CONCLUSION The study successfully utilized the modified AND-ASPEN criteria to show that approximately one in three patients presented with malnutrition upon admission. Malnourished patients were more likely to have longer LOS and more likely to be readmitted within 30 days. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Timing of musculoskeletal steroid injections in pain practice during Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine administration

Patients who are scheduled to get a Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine frequently ask whether they may receive a steroid injection for musculoskeletal pain. During the current pandemic, this question is asked more frequently than were questions about cessation of anticoagulants/antiplatelets or having diabetes mellitus before musculoskeletal injections prior to the pandemic. Currently available COVID-19 vaccines elicit an immune response, producing neutralizing antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) spike protein. They include messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), adenoviral-vectored, as well as protein subunit and whole-cell inactivated virus vaccines. These vaccines work through 3 steps: 1) antigen phagocytosis, 2) T cell activation and cytokine production, and 3) cytokine stimulation of B cells to differentiate into plasma cells. All vaccines make immunity through cytokine production [1,2]. Glucocorticoids are widely administered through intraarticular, interfascial, epidural, or bursal injections for musculoskeletal pain, using their anti-inflammatory effects. In addition to an anti-inflammatory effect through the blocking action of inflammatory mediators (transrepression), or by inducing the anti-inflammatory mediators (trans-activation) of glucocorticoids, they have immunosuppressive, anti-proliferative, and vasoconstrictive effects. Focusing on the immunosuppressive effect, it originates from suppression of delayed hypersensitivity reactions by directly affecting T cells [3]. Systemic glucocorticoids can be classified by their duration of action: short-acting (less than 12 hours), such as, hydrocortisone and cortisone, intermediate-acting (12-36 hours), such as, prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone acetate (MPA), and triamcinolone hexacetonide, (TH), and triamcinolone acetate (TA), and long-acting (3672 hours), such as, dexamethasone phosphate (DP), betamethasone sodium phosphate (BSP), and paramethasone. Comparing their anti-inflammatory effect to the shortacting hydrocortisone, the intermediateand long-acting glucocorticoids show 4-5 and 30 times the effect, respectively [3]. The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has feedback interactions. The hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which affects the anteri-
Factor Analysis of Organizational Core Competencies under Studied in Isfahan Foolad Technique Co.

A B S T R A C T Considering that today's objective of organization is profitability and reaching stable competitive advantage, so organizations can smooth path to stable competitive advantage through identifying their core competences among other organization's capabilities and developing strategies based on them. Since core competencies including rareness, sustainability, controllability, being non-copy, being irreplaceable could be competitive advantage core for organization, so identifying,1 analyzing more correlated factors and grouping them can help to reinforce them in organization and smooth the path to reaching competitive advantage. Therefore, in current study, core competencies of Isfahan Foolad Technique Co. are subjected to factor analyzing in a 42 factors questionnaire from these competencies that were extracted from other organizational capabilities, by 5 competitive advantage indicators through computing total Cronbach's alpha 0.912, mean 0.89 and variance 1.023. Each element is scored by each indicator based on Saati spectrum by 45 managers and experts of organization, where results of factor analysis show 42-fold factors are grouped based on rareness indicator to 12 classes, based on being irreplaceable to 12 classes, based on sustainability to 11 group, based on being non-copy to 10 group and based on controllability to 10 group that include subgroups which are summarized in table.
SEE data from the APEX Cosmic Ray Upset Experiment: predicting the performance of commercial devices in space

This paper presents additional results from the CRUX experiment on the US Air Force APEX satellite. The experiment monitors single event effects on 256 Kbit and 1 Mbit SRAMs. It is shown that trapped protons dominate the single event upset rates, as evidenced by correlation with measured proton flux peaks and with flux contours calculated with the AP8 model. The responses of some part type lots were surprising because of the wide variation exhibited in upset rates from device to device within a part type, and because of a wide disparity in upset rates, depending on logic state. The use of generic ground test data in error rate predictions for a mission may be acceptable, but may also result in answers whose inaccuracies are unknown and could be unacceptably large.
Transgender Swimmer in College Athletics

There is current scientific and legal controversy about sports competition eligibility regulations for transgender athletes. To better understand and contextualize the effect of androgen-suppression treatment on swimming performance, we compared the gender-related differences in performance of a transgender swimmer who competed in both the male and female NCAA (collegiate) categories to the sex-related differences in performance of world and national class swimmers. These data demonstrate that the gender-related differences in middle distance freestyle performances of a transgender woman are smaller than the observed sex-related differences in performance of top athletes. Our analysis may be useful as a framework for regulators considering participation guidelines which promote fair competition for all athletes, whether cisgender or transgender.
Design of quarter-wave compact impedance transformers using coupled transmission lines

Simulation examples of single- to four-section quarter-wave transformers using ideal uncoupled transmission lines, ideal symmetrical coupled lines and physical symmetrical coupled microstrip lines are given. It is shown that quite satisfactory impedance transformers may be realised in the case of coupled microstrip lines despite their unequal even and odd field mode phase velocities. Measurements on a 1 GHz coupled microstrip single section transformer confirm this conclusion.
Wideband Mode:ling of Arbitrarily Shaped H-Plane Waveguide Components by the "Boundary

The paper describes a very fast and flexible algo- rithm for the wideband modeling of arbitrarily shaped H-plane waveguide components. The algorithm is based on the evaluation of the poles and the residues of the Y-parameters by the "bound- ary integral-resonant mode expansion method. " It also permits the fast evaluation of the effect of a deformation on the frequency response, a feature very useful either for optimization or for setting the mechanical tolerances. Some examples demonstrate the efficiency, flexibility, and reliability of the method. They show that the frequency response of complicated structures, such as multicavity filters, can be calculated in times OF the order of one minute (or less) on ordinary workstations.
EVALUATION OF BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES: USER SATISFACTION AND PERCEPTIONS ON THREE SHARED USE

This report describes research conducted to evaluate bicycle and pedestrian facilities (i.e., shared use trails) with user satisfaction and perception surveys. Public and community input on transportation projects is often mentioned as a necessary step in the planning process but seldom performed. The opinions and perceptions of facility users are immensely valuable in improving conditions at current trails as well as in the development and design of new trails. In this study, the research team developed on-site and mail-back survey instruments that were distributed on three shared use trails in Texas: the Brays and Buffalo Bayou Trails in Houston, and the Shoal Creek Trail in Austin. The responses to the surveys were analyzed to determine consistent themes and trends in user satisfaction and perceptions. The study found that several trail attributes contribute significantly to user satisfaction and higher levels of trail use. Adequate separation from motor vehicles was noted as a positive attribute that should be provided whenever possible on shared use trails. Trail surface quality and width was also noted as an important attribute, particularly in cases where numerous user types (e.g., bicyclists, joggers, walkers) were using the same trail. The study also revealed that many of the trail users felt that the shared use trails significantly contributed to harmonizing transportation and community goals. The survey responses indicated that the trails were used for a variety of purposes, including transportation, recreation, social interaction, and enjoyment of the natural environment. The researchers concluded that user surveys (such as those conducted in this study) are a valuable addition to other traditional transportation planning tools, and as such, can provide more and better insight into roadway and trail user behavior and motivation.
Knee Osteoarthritis Assessment in X-rays Using Global and Local Attention Enhancement and Joint Loss

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a kind of common joint disease that seriously affects mental and physical health of patients. Usually, doctors make knee OA clinical diagnosis by reviewing knee imaging, which are easily influenced by their fatigue and subjective factors. Thus, computer-aided diagnosis of knee OA in X-rays has emerged to assist doctors. Existing methods mainly adopt two-stage approach, including knee joint localization and OA severity prediction. However, there exists several issues: (1) Knee joint localization accuracy of existing methods needs to be further improved, affecting the subsequent knee OA assessment. (2) Current approaches ignore richer semantic information and the prior knowledge of doctors focusing on osteophytes and joint space parts. (3) Increasing inter-class differences is often considered but minimizing intra-class variations is usually neglected. To alleviate above problems, we propose a knee OA assessment method depending on global and local attention enhancement and joint loss. In our model, we add channel and spatial attention modules as global attention module after the last convolutional layer of ResNet34, which is our basic architecture to extract richer semantic information. Based on the medical prior knowledge that doctors give knee OA grades by mainly observing knee joint space and osteophytes, five local feature maps of four osteophytes and joint space parts are extracted and concatenated with global knee feature maps before fully-connected (FC) layers, which is regarded as local attention module to facilitate better feature representations. Finally, Center loss and Softmax loss are weighted and combined to further enhance classification performance. Our proposed method is evaluated on two public datasets: OAI and MOST datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves the state-of-the-art result, which may be a potentially useful tool for assisting doctors.
Generating Feasible Paths under C-ZOT Coverage from EFSM

Model-based software testing technology automatically generates test cases to save time. However, test case generation based on the EFSM model focus on generating simple transition paths under transition coverage which leads to inadequate testing. To address this problem, we propose a complex test case generation algorithm based on C-ZOT coverage from EFSM. Our method adds length to measure complex of a transition path instead of only considering dataflow dependency. C-ZOT coverage that we proposed considers cyclic transitions and add the idea of boundary value testing to form a more complete coverage than transition coverage. The results of experiments show that the number of transition paths under C-ZOT coverage is 22.89% higher than the number under transition coverage, the rate of simple transition paths to generate test data is 45.06% higher than the rate of complex transition paths to generate test data.
Target Detection for Colocated MIMO Radar with Limited Training Data

Colocated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar has potential ability in target detection and parameter estimation, compared with traditional phased-array radar. However, the colocated MIMO requires a large amount of training data to achieve successful target detection, due to the large degree of freedom, which is the product of the numbers of transmitting and receiving antennas. In order to overcome this problem, in this paper we propose two kinds of solutions. One is diagonal loading and the other is principal component analysis. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed detector.
Examining Effect of Label Redundancy for Machine Learning using Crowdsourcing

Crowdsourcing is widely used in making annotated examples for supervised learning, but these labels from workers are often noisy. A practical solution for this problem is to collect multiple labels per examples and aggregate them. Although gathering repeated labels improves data quality, concerning the fact that there’s a limit on the budget we can use for crowdsourcing, it can also lead to decreasing the amount of training data. This paper empirically examines to what extent the repeated labeling contribute to the accuracy of machine learning models for image classification and text information extraction in various conditions varying budgets and worker qualities. Experiments are designed to test 4 hypotheses we made each determining the effect of budgets, worker quality, task difficulty, and redundancy on crowdsourcing. The experimental results on image classification and named entity recognition supported all 4 hypotheses and surprisingly suggests, that the repeated labeling almost always brings a negative impact on machine learning accuracy.