Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrative Organized Hypocrisy? Normative Contentions within the EU and the Refugee Migrant Crisis

In 2015 and 2016, 2.3 million individuals applied for asylum in Europe, the highest number since the creation of the EU. The unprecedented strain on the Common European Asylum policies (CEAS), along with the asymmetric pressure on external border countries and the lack of unified support for border controls, highlighted the tensions between member-state sovereignty and regional competence. According to Lavenex (2018), the Refugee and Migrant Crisis (RMC) was first and foremost a crisis of governance, expressing doubts about the EU’s ability to “fail forward” into further integration in the long-run because of “organised hypocrisy”, an unintended organisational strategy deployed to cope with otherwise irreconcilable differences between normative aspirations and real-life actions concerning asylum. This article revisits Lavenex’s premise of European governance and organised hypocrisy and argues for a more optimistic outlook on European integration. Using the infrastructural Europeanism framework as identified by Pelizza and Loschi (2023), this article argues that despite the legal and legislative gridlocks that surround important issues such as asylum, European integration in relation to asylum is ‘failing forward’ in no small part due to organised hypocrisy and not in spite of it.
Dive Distribution and Group Size Parameters for Marine Species Occurring in Navy Training and Testing Areas in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans

Abstract : One important element of Phase II environmental planning is the acoustic effects analysis executed with the Navy Acoustic Exposure Model (NAEMO) software. NAEMO was developed to explore possible exposure of anthropogenic sound on marine animals, combining established acoustic propagation modeling with data regarding the distribution and abundance of marine species. This report recommends species-typical static depth distributions and group size information for all marine mammal and sea turtle species that occur in the Atlantic Fleet Training and Testing (AFTT), Hawaii-Southern California Training and Testing (HSTT), Northwest Training and Testing (NWTT), and Mariana Islands Training and Testing (MITT) Study Areas that will be modeled using NAEMO for Phase II analyses. Additionally, group size information is presented for species occurring in the AFTT, HSTT, NWTT, Mediterranean Training and Testing (MED), and Gulf of Alaska (GOA) Study Areas. In total, data are presented for 54 cetacean, 12 pinniped, one mustelid, one sirenian, and six sea turtle species.
The Effect of Temperature on the Distribution of Zoonotic Pathogens in Livestock and Wildlife Populations: A Systematic Review

Background. Evidence for the impact of climate change on the distribution of zoonoses has largely focussed on the burden in humans and is lacking information on the effect of temperature on nonvectorborne zoonoses that are transmitted indirectly through contaminated environments. We present a systematic literature review on the impact of temperature on the distribution of zoonotic pathogens in mammalian livestock and wildlife populations, with a focus on nonvectorborne zoonoses that can be spread through air, water, food, and soil. Methods. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, as well as grey literature, and screened titles, abstracts, and full text. English, peer-reviewed, and full text studies were included if they: focused on temperature; considered incursion, distributional burden or risk; and focused on a zoonotic pathogen in livestock and/or wildlife populations of mammalian vertebrates that can be transmitted through indirect pathways without a nonmammalian and nonvertebrate intermediate host. Results. Temperature was an important determinant of zoonoses distribution across all 17 studies included in the final review, with 11 studies finding a positive association. The majority of studies focused on parasites (7) and bacteria (9) and were conducted in the northern hemisphere. Two studies provided future climate projections that identified areas of increasing prevalence and expanded risk for pathogens that were already established. However, no studies specifically investigated the risk of zoonotic incursion with increasing temperature. Few studies explored how local variations in temperature and urbanisation interact with distal changes like Arctic warming to affect the distribution and spread of nonvectorborne pathogens through food, water, and soil. Conclusions. The review’s findings point to the value of a One Health approach to biosecurity that builds on the interconnected relationship between human, animal, plant, and environmental health. Such research is urgently needed to inform the prioritisation and risk assessment of zoonoses more comprehensively in a rapidly changing climate.
Responses of soil microbial communities and enzyme activities under nitrogen addition in fluvo-aquic and black soil of North China

This research investigates the impact of long-term nitrogen (N) addition on fluvo-aquic and black soils in north China, with a focus on soil microbial communities and enzyme activities. In each site, there were three N fertilization treatments, i.e., control, moderate-N, and high-N. Phospholipid Fatty Acid Analysis was employed to analyze the microbial community composition, and enzyme activities related to N, carbon (C), and phosphorus (P) cycling were assessed. The results showed that increasing N fertilization levels led to higher soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N (TN) concentrations, indicating enhanced nutrient availability. N fertilization reduced soil pH across both soils, with a more pronounced acidification effect observed in the black soil. Across both soils, N addition increased maize yield, but the higher crop yield was attained in moderate-N rate compared with high-N rate. Microbial community composition analysis revealed that N fertilization induced shifts in the relative abundances of specific microbial groups. The black soil exhibited pronounced shifts in the microbial groups compared to the fluvo-aquic soil, i.e., decreased fungal abundance and fungi: bacteria ratio in response to N input. In addition, the application of N fertilizer led to an elevated ratio of gram-positive to gram-negative (GP:GN) bacteria, but this effect was observed only in black soil. N fertilization had an impact on the enzyme activities related to C, N, and P cycling in both soil types, but black soil showed more pronounced changes in enzyme activities. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance indicated that soil types rather than N fertilization mediated the response of the soil microbial community and enzyme activities. Partial least square path modeling demonstrated that soil pH was the only key driver impacting soil microbial groups and enzyme activities in both soils. In conclusion, our findings highlighted that N fertilization exerted more pronounced impacts on soil biochemical properties, microbial community composition, and enzyme activities in black soil furthermore, moderate N rate resulted in higher crop productivity over high N rate.
Detection of debris-flow events from seismic signals using Benford’s law

The first step in building an early warning system using seismic signals is to automatically identify events of interest. Here, the first digit distribution of seismic signals generated by debris flows and other surface processes was calculated to validate compliance with Benford's law (BL). A detector model for debris flow events was introduced based on amplitude range and goodness of fit of BL. We show that seismic signals generated by debris flows, landslides, and bedload transport follow the BL. These events release more energy and last longer than rockfalls, which do not follow BL. In the test dataset with 1224 samples, the accuracy of the detector model in identifying debris flow events was 0.75.
Case Report: ALK rearranged locally advanced lung adenocarcinoma showing inconsistent radiographic findings and pathological responses during neoadjuvant alectinib therapy

Alectinib has been approved as first-line treatment for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non-small cell lung carcinoma. Oncologists are also exploring the possibility of applying alectinib in the perioperative period. Here, we present a patient with locally advanced lung adenocarcinoma associated with EML4-ALK fusion mutation, who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and alectinib treatment, and then underwent thoracoscopic left lower lung lobectomy. The patient initially received eight chemotherapy cycles and achieved partial remission. After eight cycles of chemotherapy, the lymph nodes in the hilar region again enlarged. The patient was then switched to 4 months of alectinib therapy, but no significant lesion changes were detected on imaging during this period. This raised the question of whether the patient developed alectinib resistance. The pathological findings of the postoperative lung lobe specimens indicated extensive necrosis in the tumor area with no residual tumor cells and massive chronic inflammatory cell infiltration around the tumor area, confirming inconsistency between the imaging findings and pathological results. Multi-point tumor specimen sampling was postoperatively performed. Tumor immune-related gene expression was detected in the sample with the help of the PanCancer IO360™ panel based on the nCounter platform. This is a rare case of a patient who was treated with neoadjuvant alectinib and had paradoxical radiographic findings and pathological responses. The possibility that intratumoral immune heterogeneity was responsible for this phenomenon has been discussed. Based on the findings, it is argued that the pathological response should be an important basis for assessing the effectiveness of neoadjuvant alectinib therapy.
Natural products target glycolysis in liver disease

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the occurrence and development of different liver diseases. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) dysfunction and production of reactive oxygen species are closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction, forcing glycolysis to become the main source of energy metabolism of liver cells. Moreover, glycolysis is also enhanced to varying degrees in different liver diseases, especially in liver cancer. Therefore, targeting the glycolytic signaling pathway provides a new strategy for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver fibrosis associated with liver cancer. Natural products regulate many steps of glycolysis, and targeting glycolysis with natural products is a promising cancer treatment. In this review, we have mainly illustrated the relationship between glycolysis and liver disease, natural products can work by targeting key enzymes in glycolysis and their associated proteins, so understanding how natural products regulate glycolysis can help clarify the therapeutic mechanisms these drugs use to inhibit liver disease.
Eyeblink Detection Algorithm Based on Joint Optimization of VME and Morphological Feature Extraction

Eyeblink detection is critical in areas such as electroencephalography (EEG) artifact removal and health monitoring. In this article, we propose a single-channel automatic eyeblink detection algorithm based on joint optimization of variational mode extraction (VME) algorithm and morphological feature extraction (MFE). First, we use the ${k}$ -means clustering algorithm and discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to automatically extract the center frequency of eyeblink signal. Simultaneously, we use singular spectrum analysis (SSA) to filter the EEG data. Then, eyeblink detection is performed based on VME and adaptive threshold extracted by MFE. Finally, the processing of eyeblink detection is globally optimized based on gray wolf optimization (GWO) to obtain the best combination of parameters in VME and MFE, and the performance of the algorithm is verified by experiments on semi-simulated dataset and collected real EEG database of nine subjects. Several traditional eyeblink detection methods are compared, and the results show that the joint optimization method obtains the best accuracy, sensitivity, and false negative rate of 97.63%, 92.64%, and 0.017, respectively.
Indeks Glikemik Berbagai Produk Tiwul Berbasis Singkong (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) pada Orang Normal

IMAS SEPTIYANI. Glycemic Index of Various Tiwul Food Products Based on Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Normal People. Under Direction of RIMBAWAN and YEKTI HARTATI EFFENDI Tiwul is an Indonesian traditional food made from Cassava. Cassava is pounded or mashed and then steamed. Currently, commercial instant tiwul is relative easily found in the community. Commercial based tiwul industries state that the product is good for people with diabetes mellitus. However, until now there has been no study on the glycemic index value of tiwul. The purpose of this study is to observe the glycemic index of various tiwul food products based on cassava in normal people. Three types of tiwul used in this study were 1) conventional tiwul with fresh flavor, 2) commercial instant tiwul with sugar and, 3) tiwul high in protein with the addition of soy protein isolate. Subjects in this study were 10 normal individuals (healthy), consisting of 5 men and 5 women who are free from diabetes, liver and kidney diseases based on results of laboratory data including fasting blood glucose, 2 hours post prandial blood glucose, levels of bilirubin (direct and total), SGOT, SGPT, and creatinine blood levels. The measurement results show that the glycemic index of different of types tiwul have different glycemic responses eventhough they remained the same in one category. The values of glycemic indexes of conventional tiwul (94,74), commercial instant tiwul (96,91), and high protein instant tiwul (71,92) are in the category of food with high glycemic index value (GI>70). Results of analysis of variance showed that differences in the type of tiwul have no effect on the glycemic index values (p>0,05).
Fodder Radish as a Potential Alternative Feed Source for Livestock in South Africa

The agricultural sector receives substantial support from livestock, which greatly contributes to the well-being of rural communities. Livestock offers animal-derived products, such as meat and milk, which serve as abundant protein sources for human consumption. While the majority of South Africa’s agricultural land is suitable for livestock farming within the smallholder sector, these farmers often face a variety of challenges. Among these challenges, there is insufficient access to superior forage resources, resulting in the limited availability of high-quality feed. Traditional nutrient sources for ruminants, such as soybean meal, grain, sunflower meal, and fish meal, are employed as supplementary feeds to provide exceptional nutrition and improve animal performance. Nonetheless, they present logistical, economic, and environmental challenges. To circumvent these challenges, smallholder producers have turned to leguminous trees, including Vachellia species and other locally available feed resources. They are utilized as feasible and cost-effective alternatives to supplement livestock, especially during periods of extended drought. However, these locally available feed resources exhibit inherent limitations, including thorn presence, high fiber content, low digestibility, and the presence of anti-nutritional and toxic factors. Cool season forage crops such as fodder radish present promising alternatives as autumn and winter forages for these farmers. Despite being widely used globally as a supplement for livestock during winter, fodder radish remains relatively underutilized, particularly among smallholder farmers. There is a scarcity of comprehensive information regarding its chemical composition, nutrient utilization, and remarkable potential to revolutionize livestock production, especially within the smallholder sector. Most of the available literature demonstrates the positive effects of fodder radish on soil structure, soil carbon and nitrogen levels, weed suppression, and other benefits. This paper systematically reviews the current state of knowledge on the nutritive value, opportunities, and challenges associated with the utilization of this crop in the cooler eastern regions.
Application of tangent-arc technology for deep inspiration breath-hold radiotherapy in left-sided breast cancer

Objective To explore the advantages of dosimetry and the treatment efficiency of tangent-arc technology in deep inspiration breath-hold radiotherapy for breast cancer. Methods Forty patients with left-sided breast cancer who were treated in our hospital from May 2020 to June 2021 were randomly selected and divided into two groups. The first group’s plan was a continuous semi-arc that started at 145° ( ± 5°) and stopped at 325° ( ± 5°). The other group’s plan, defined as the tangent-arc plan, had two arcs: the first arc started at 145° ( ± 5°) and stopped at 85° ( ± 5°), and the second arc started at 25° ( ± 5°) and stopped at 325° ( ± 5°). We compared the target dose, dose in organs at risk (OARs), and treatment time between the two groups. Results The target dose was similar between the continuous semiarc and tangent-arc groups. The V5 of the right lung was significantly different between the two groups (Dif 5.52, 95% confidence interval 1.92-9.13, t=3.10, P=0.004), with the patients in the continuous semi-arc and tangent-arc groups having lung V5 values of (9.16 ± 1.62)%, and (3.64 ± 0.73)%, respectively. The maximum dose to the spinal cord was (1835.88 ± 222.17) cGy in the continuous semi-arc group and (599.42 ± 153.91) cGy in the tangent-arc group, yielding a significant difference between the two groups (Dif 1236.46, 95% confidence interval 689.32-1783.6, t=4.57, P<0.001). The treatment times was (311.70 ± 60.45) s for patients in the continuous semi-arc group and (254.66 ± 40.73) s for patients in the tangent-arc group, and there was a significant difference in the mean number of treatment times between the two groups (Dif 57.04, 95% confidence interval 24.05-90.03, t=3.5, P=0.001). Conclusion Both the continuous semi-arc and tangent-arc plans met the clinical prescription dose requirements. The OARs received less radiation with the tangent-arc plan than the continuous semi-arc plan, especially for the lung (measured as V5) and the spinal cord (measured as the maximum dose). Tangent-arc plan took significantly less time than the continuous semi-arc, which can greatly improve treatment efficiency. Therefore, tangent-arc plans are superior continuous semi-arc plans for all cases.
Inter-rater reliability of the extended Composite Quality Score (CQS-2)

Aim To establish the inter-rater reliability of the Composite Quality Score (CQS-2) and to test the null hypothesis that it did not differ significantly from that of the first CQS version (CQS-1). Materials and methods Four independent raters were selected to rate 45 clinical trial reports using CQS-1 and CQS-2. The raters remained unaware of each other’s participation in this study until all rating had been completed. Each rater received only one rating template at a time in a random sequence for CQS-1 and CQS-2 rating. Raters completed each template and sent these back to the principal investigator. Each rater received their next template 2 weeks after submission of the completed previous template. The inter-rater reliabilities for the overall appraisal score of the CQS-1 and the CQS-2 were established by using the Brennan-Prediger coefficient (BPC). The coefficients of both CQS versions were compared by using the two-sample z-test. During secondary analysis, the BPCs for every criterion and each corroboration level for both CQS versions were established. Results The BPC for the CQS-1 was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.64–1.00) and for the CQS-2 it was 1.00 (95% CI: 0.94–1.00), suggesting a very high inter-rater reliability for both. The difference between the two CQS versions was statistically not significant (p = 0.17). The null hypothesis was accepted. Conclusion The CQS-2 is still under development, This study shows that it is associated with a very high inter-rater reliability, which did not statistically significantly differ from that of the CQS-1. The promising results of this study warrant further investigation in the applicability of the CQS-2 as an appraisal tool for prospective controlled clinical therapy trials.
ASSOCIATION OF HBA1C WITH URINE ALBUMIN AMONG T2DM PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Background: Diabetes is a growing public health problem worldwide. Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of diabetes and is characterized by the presence of microalbuminuria. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with diabetes and their association with urine albumin levels. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2022 to October 2023 among 218 T2DM patients attending the NCD clinic at Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Adayalampattu. All T2DM patients above 19 years of age and permanent residents were included in the study. Those with Type 1 DM, unwilling to participate, and those with other comorbidities were excluded. Result: The highest numbers of patients were in the 31-40 age groups, followed by the 41-50 and 51-60 age groups. More male patients were observed than female patients. The duration of diabetes was less than ten years for all patients, with the majority having a duration of 6-10 years. The most common treatment option was lifestyle modifications combined with dual therapy. The degree of microalbuminuria was unaffected by age but was more common among patients aged 41-50. There was a correlation between urine albumin and the measured glycemic parameters. Conclusion: The results suggest that monitoring urine albumin levels is important for individuals with all durations of diabetes and that lifestyle modifications are crucial in managing diabetes. These findings can inform the development of targeted interventions for preventing and managing diabetic nephropathy.
Use of Few-Layer Graphene Synthesized under Conditions of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis for Supercapacitors Applications

Graphene nanostructures (GNSs) are among the most promising materials for producing supercapacitors. However, GNSs are still not used in creating supercapacitors due to the impossibility of obtaining large volumes of high-quality material at an acceptable cost. In our previous works, we have shown the possibility of synthesizing large volumes of few-layer graphene (FLG, the number of layers is not more than five) from cyclic biopolymers under conditions of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). Using the SHS process makes it possible to synthesize large volumes of FLG without Stone–Wales defects. This work is devoted to the study of the possibility of using FLG synthesized under the conditions of the SHS process in the creation of supercapacitors. It was found that the synthesized FLG makes it possible to obtain better results than using classical materials, namely activated carbon (AC). It was found that the sample based on FLG had a higher specific capacitance of 65 F × g−1 compared to the sample from AC, the specific capacitance of which was 35 F × g−1; for a speed of 5 mV × s−1, these values were170 and 64 F × g−1, respectively. The drop in capacitance over 1000 cycles was 4%, indicating a sufficiently high FLG stability, allowing us to consider FLG as a prospective material for use in supercapacitors.