Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneously Catalysed Chemical Reactions in Carbon Dioxide Medium

The present PhD-thesis is devoted to the use of dense and supercritical carbon dioxide in heterogeneously catalysed reactions. The interest to supercritical fluids in catalysis has increased dramatically over the past decades. This is due to the unique combination of physicochemical properties of substances at the critical state, i.e. they behave both like liquids and gases. These properties, as well as other features of highly compressed phases, are discussed in this chapter. Furthermore, multiple effects can arise when supercritical fluids are used in chemical reactions over heterogeneous catalysts, which significantly affect the reaction. Most of the time it brings about elevated yield and conversion, however, in some cases the use of sc-fluids should be avoided, as it is discussed here. Immense interest is drawn to carbon dioxide as a very promising substance for the use in the supercritical state. Therefore, its properties, advantages and limitations for heterogeneous catalysis are presented in more detail. Carbon dioxide can also be used as a C1-building block in chemical syntheses while being the reaction medium in the same process, which increases its value. The final part of the chapter is focused on the aims of the present study, namely, reactions and processes that this PhDproject has been built upon.
Heavy Anionic Complex Creates a Unique Water Structure at a Soft Charged Interface

Ion hydration and interfacial water play crucial roles in numerous phenomena ranging from biological to industrial systems. Although biologically relevant (and mostly smaller) ions have been studied extensively in this context, very little experimental data exist about molecular-scale behavior of heavy ions and their complexes at interfaces, especially under technologically significant conditions. It has recently been shown that PtCl62– complexes adsorb at positively charged interfaces in a two-step process that cannot fit into well-known empirical trends, such as Hofmeister series. Here, a combined vibrational sum frequency generation and molecular dynamics study reveals that a unique interfacial water structure is connected to this peculiar adsorption behavior. A novel subensemble analysis of molecular dynamics simulation results shows that after adsorption PtCl62– complexes partially retain their first and second hydration spheres and that it is possible to identify three different types of water molec.
ABSORPSI CO2 PADA BIOGAS DENGAN LARUTAN METHYLDIETHANOLAMINE (MDEA) MENGGUNAKAN KOLOM BAHAN ISIAN

Biogas merupakan salah satu energi terbarukan yang dapat dikembangkan untuk menggantikan energi fosil. Keberadaan CO2 pada biogas mengurangi efisiensi pembakaran dan korosi pada peralatan. Pemurnian biogas dilakukan menggunakan kolom bahan isian dan larutan MDEA sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bakan bakar genset untuk IKM. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi absorben dan laju alir gas terhadap penurunan kadar CO2 dalam biogas serta memperoleh nilai KGa dan k2. Percobaan absorpsi CO2 dilakukan secara kontinyu didalam kolom absorpsi dengan diameter 6cm dan panjang 75cm. Gas diumpankan dari bagian bawah kolom sedangkan cairan dengan kecepatan alir 0,15 LPM dialirkan melalui bagian atas kolom dengan bantuan pompa. Variasi laju alir gas yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 1 LPM; 1,5 LPM; dan 1,8 LPM. Variasi larutan MDEA yang digunakan adalah 20% dan 35,31%. Konsentrasi gas CO2 yang keluar dari bagian atas kolom dicatat sebagai fungsi waktu. Data yang diperoleh dimasukkan kedalam model matematis sehingga kemudian diperoleh nilai KGa dan k2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada laju alir cairan 0,15 LPM dan laju alir gas 1 LPM dapat menurunkan CO2 dari konsentrasi 40 % menjadi 17 %. Pada laju alir cairan tetap, semakin tinggi laju alir gas maka nilai KGa yang dihasilkan akan semakin besar dan semakin tinggi konsentrasi larutan MDEA maka diperoleh nilai k2 semakin besar.
Pengaruh Citra Merek dan Kualitas Informasi terhadap Minat Beli Sociolla

ABSTRACT The rapid technological development plays an important role in the presence and development of the internet. The internet has made enormous changes in all fields, including the business world that produces e-commerce and makes changes in conventional buying and selling activities online. The beauty industry has also begun to enter the online market so that more beauty e-commerce has emerged in Indonesia, one of which is Sociolla. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the effect of brand image and information quality on consumer buying interest in Sociolla consumers. By using the Slovin formula, the number of samples for this study was 400 respondents. This study was conducted on 400 female respondents aged 18 to 30 years who responded to the questionnaires that were distributed. The independent variables in this study are brand image (X1) and information quality (X2). The dependent variable in this study is buying interest (Y). The method used in this research is quantitative method with multiple linear regression analysis. From the research conducted, it was found that brand image and information quality had a positive effect on purchase intention. Keywords : Brand Image, Buying Interest, and Information Quality. ABSTRAK Teknologi yang berkembang begitu pesat berperan penting bagi hadir dan berkembangnya internet. Internet memberi perubahan yang sangat besar di segala bidang, termasuk dunia bisnis yang menghasilkan e-commerce dan membuat perubahan dalam kegiatan jual beli konvensional menjadi online . Industri kecantikan juga mulai memasuki pasar online hingga semakin banyak e-commerce kecantikan bermunculan di Indonesia, salah satunya Sociolla. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh citra merek dan kualitas informasi terhadap minat beli konsumen pada konsumen Sociolla. Dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin, didapat jumlah sampel untuk penelitian ini sebanyak 400 responden. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 400 responden wanita berusia 18 hingga 30 tahun yang memberikan tanggapan terhadap kuesioner yang dibagikan. Variabel bebas pada penelitian ini adalah citra merek (X1) dan kualitas informasi (X2). Variabel terikat pada penelitian ini adalah minat beli (Y). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi linier berganda. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan, didapatkan informasi bahwa citra merek dan kualitas informasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat beli. Kata kunci : Citra Merek, Kualitas Informasi, dan Minat Beli.
A Systematic Review of Models Used in Cost-Effectiveness of Treatments in Spondyloarthritis

This review was aimed to evaluate health economic models used in evaluations of different treatment strategies in spondyloarthritis (SpA). Model-based health economic evaluation studies are increasing and complex models with short-term and long-term horizon are applied to investigate the cost-effectiveness of SpA treatments. The objective of this study was to carry out a systematic review of the evolution of health economic models used in the treatment of SpA. Electronic searches within MEDLINE and EMBASE were carried out using a predefined search strategy. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select relevant studies. Data on country, intervention, evaluation perspective, type of model, time horizon, types of costs and effectiveness measurement were extracted. Eighteen models were described in 22 publications, of which 81.8% were European. Study perspectives included the societal (n=6), healthcare system and payer (n=14), or patient and government (n=1). Time horizon ranged from 52 weeks to lifetime. Markov model was the most frequently used model, only one individual patient simulation models accounting for uncertainty in multiple parameters was reported. Most studies compared different biologics (including different TNFi/biosimilar and IL-17A antibody) with conventional care (NSAIDs) because of the high prize. Only half of studies took indirect costs into account. Modeling is of importance in health economic evaluations of SpA treatment. Long-term costs especially indirect costs should be considered when comparing different treatment alternatives in order to provide more information for policy makers and clinicians.
ASSESSING THE CARBON EMISSION REDUCTION BY GRID-TIED PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) TECHNOLOGY FOR BUILDINGS IN SRI LANKA

Energy related carbon emission of buildings is a major cause of global warming. In order to mitigate energy related carbon emission, buildings tend to adopt renewable energy technologies. Amongst renewable energy technologies, grid-tied PV technology has gained the interest of building energy consumers as an alternative energy source. Nevertheless, there is considerably low implementation of grid-tied PV technology in Sri Lanka, especially as a carbon reduction strategy. A key reason for lack of implementation of grid-tied PV system is that majority of buildings still depend on traditional energy sources for their total energy needs. Hence, there is a need of highlighting the importance of grid-tied PV system to penetrate the existing traditional energy market. The aim of this study is therefore to assess the possible energy related carbon reduction of grid-tied PV system for buildings in Sri Lanka. Accordingly, total of four (4) buildings were selected as case studies, including two buildings with grid-tied PV technology and two other buildings that are totally dependent on traditional energy sources. Subsequently, carbon footprint assessment was conducted to four (4) buildings specifying to energy related carbon emitting activities. And research findings revealed that selected two buildings with grid-Tied PV technology achieve an average reduction of carbon by 3379.77kg and 3013.06kg respectively per month compared to traditional-energy buildings. Consequently, this work has successfully identified that buildings with grid-tied PV technology achieve a reduction in energy related carbon emission compared to buildings with traditional energy sources.
Heiter weiter : wie Humor die Lebensqualität von Bewohnenden in geriatrischen Langzeitinstitutionen verbessert

194 Wörter Arbeit: 9'992 Wörter (exklusiv Titelblatt, Inhaltsverzeichnis, Abstract, Tabellen, Abbildungsverzeichnis, Tabellenverzeichnis, Literaturverzeichnis, Danksagung, Eigenständigkeitserklärung und Anhänge)
AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF THERMAL MODELLING TECHNIQUES FOR IGBT MODULES IN ELECTRICAL DRIVETRAINS

Due to a strong drive towards a higher power density of electrical drivetrains and the impact of cooling on their reliability, the thermal characterisation and monitoring of these systems is gaining importance. The power electronic devices driving the electrical motor in this system are often integrated within one power module, complicating temperature measurements and monitoring of the semiconductor devices. Therefore, accurate thermal models of these modules are necessary. The main challenge remains to model these thermal properties sufficiently accurate to estimate the device temperatures, while maintaining an evaluation speed fast enough to ensure safe operating temperatures in real-time. Furthermore, in the search for enhanced cooling methods, it may be interesting to compare cooling designs using simulations before or instead of experiments. To this end, this paper develops and compares the accuracy of a 3D grey-box Lumped Parameter Model of an IGBT module coupled with an interchangeable cooling model with two 1D Lumped Parameter Models. The 3D model is based on a Finite Element representation, while the 1D models are based solely on datasheet information. The different model types are discussed and compared regarding their accuracy using simulation and experimental results.
The importance of monitoring saturated oxygen values in hemoglobin in the sports diagnostics

Cardiorespiratory performance is one of the most important determinants of success in sports activities. In order to better prepare for sports challenges, the athletes must be exposed to appropriate training which should be based on individualized physiological parameters during activity. Even though training intensity can be determined in many different ways, the endurance training intensity is often quantified by the lactate thresholds obtained from the blood sampling or the ventilator thresholds obtained from the gas exchange. These data represent delayed indirect indicators of an increased anaerobic ATP resynthesis. The muscle oximetry, based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), represents non-invasive method that enables the information about the changes in oxygenation in hemoglobin, and potentially represents a very suitable technique to detect a critical exercise threshold directly in the exercising muscle.
Software System of Decoding Light Codes

The paper presents the stages of creating a software system for decoding light codes and examines the effectiveness of its operation. The relevance of the development is due to the need to combine the speed and distance of information delivery for the further development of wireless communication systems. The authors’ attention is focused on considering the basic components of the designed system. The main algorithms of operation have been presented and the effectiveness of their development has been proved. A comparison with existing means has been made and the prospects for the development of cable free optical communication systems have been emphasized.
3.3 - Spurengasdetektion mittels Ionenmobilitätsspektrometrie – Aufklärung unbekannter Peaks im Spektrum

Die Ionenmobilitatsspektrometrie (IMS) ist ein hochempfindliches Analyseverfahren, welches haufig in sicherheitstechnischen Anwendungen wie beispielsweise dem Nachweis von Gefahrstoffen, Drogen oder Kampfmitteln angewendet wird. Bei der Ionenmobilitatsspektrometrie werden Stoffe bei Atmospharendruck ionisiert und anhand ihrer Bewegung durch ein Driftgas unter Einfluss eines elektrischen Feldes getrennt [1]. Der an der Detektoreinheit gemessene Ionenstrom ist das IMS-Spektrum. Somit generiert jede Ionenspezies einen Peak in einem solchen IMS-Spektrum. Ein zu untersuchender Stoff kann allerdings mehrere Ionenspezies bzw. Peaks in einem IMS-Spektrum generieren. Aceton kann zum einen protonierte Monomer-Ionen [A·H+] und protonierte Dimer-Ionen [A2·H] bilden [2]. Des Weiteren ist es moglich, dass unterschiedliche Analytmolekule wahrend der Ionisation protonierte Clusterionen [M·N·H+] bilden. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist daher die Identifizierung einzelner Peaks eines IMS-Spektrums. Dazu ist eine Kopplung zwischen einem drift tube IMS und einem Flugzeit-Massenspektrometer (ToF-MS) entwickelt worden. Mit dieser Kopplung ist es moglich einzelne Peaks und damit die Ionenspezies, die diese Peaks generieren, hinsichtlich der Ionenmobilitat und des Masse zu Ladungs-Verhaltnisses m/z zu untersuchen und somit Substanzen zu identifizieren.
A Flexible Insole Gait Monitoring Technique for the Internet of Health Things

Gait analysis is important in the field of healthcare, due to its close relationship to chronic diseases. With the development of the Internet of Health Things (IoHT), long-term gait monitoring and corresponding analysis can be performed remotely, reducing a patient’s time and traffic cost, while providing doctors more valuable gait information. In this paper, we present a piezoelectric insole gait monitoring system and its use in an IoHT architecture. Through the experimental results, the high detection sensitivity of 3.56 kPa and responsivity of 2.35 mV/kPa are achieved. Besides, computer software is developed with Qt platform, and the cloud database is also established. The plantar pressure distribution and center of pressure (CoP) trajectory are provided for further analysis, thereby satisfying the need for analyzing various diseases. Furthermore, the assembled system can continuously work for 16 hours, indicating its successful utilization when long-term gait monitoring is required. The presented work provides a feasible means for real-time, long-term, and accurate gait monitoring, prompting the development of gait analysis in the IoHT.
Utilisation of fly ash in the manufacture of zeolites

Disposal of CFA is a problem of increasing concern, due to the environmental impact of CFA. Beneficiation processes such as the RockTron process are capable of producing various value-added products, and the Delta product is apt for use in the synthesis of zeolites. The current study explores hydrothermal Si extraction, fusion assisted extraction and a novel microwave fusion process with a performance comparable to the fusion process. The extraction process was optimised for the Delta ash, and compared to other ashes and rice husk ash. In the optimisation of the crystallisation process, the influence of sodium aluminate addition on the properties of zeolites was examined. The effects of alkalinity, sodium source and salt concentration were investigated using XRD, SEM, AAS, CEC and PSD. A concurrent decrease in Si and Al in the crystallisation solution was observed as amorphous material was consumed. This crystal growth phase occurs earlier with higher concentrations of sodium aluminate and NaCl. Addition of NaCl can improve crystallinity, yield and CEC and decrease particle size. Optimised results demonstrated good repeatability. The best estimated yield was 264 g/kg FA, with a CEC of 4.8 meq/g. Buoyant zeolites were synthesised through seeding of the crystallisation process with cenospheres. The products consisted of 77% cenospheres and 23% zeolite.
Catalytic synthesized carbon nanostructures from methane using

AbstractCarbon nanostructures synthesized with nanocrystalline Ni catalyst from decomposition of methane are investigated bymeans of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Two kinds of carbon nanostructures, carbon ﬁbers and bamboo-shapedcarbon nanotubes, are observed. The preferential growth direction of graphene sheets depends on the reaction conditions.The bamboo-shaped carbon nanotubes can be obtained only if the reaction temperature is higher than 1000 K, and carbonﬁbers can be obtained at lower temperatures. The role and state of the catalyst particles are also discussed. 2002 ElsevierScience Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords:A. Carbon nanotubes; B. Catalyst; C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM); D. Catalytic properties 1. Introduction catalytic method is considered as a relatively simplemethod with a high yield. Meanwhile, this method mayCarbon ﬁlament growth on metal catalysts via decompo- produce nanotubes with a controlled degree of disordering.sition of hydrocarbons has been known for a very long What is more interesting is to fabricate a regular array oftime [1]. It has been recognized to be harmful to the nanotubes with this method [9], which has a great potentialcatalytic reactions with solid catalysts, because it leads to for application in microelectronics.crushing and deactivation of the catalyst, and a great effort Catalysts applied in the preparation of carbon nanotubeshas been paid to limit the formation of ﬁlamentous carbon are generally transition metals, especially Fe, Co, Ni and[2–4]. In the 1970s, some literature appeared on the their alloys [10–13]. It has been found that the yield offormation and utilization of ﬁlamentous carbon deliberate- carbon ﬁbers is greatly increased when a small amount ofly [5]. In the 1980s, many possibilities for their utilization copper is added into nickel [14]. The melting point ofwere outlined, which was reviewed by Rodriguez [6]. Ni–Cu alloy is lower than that of Ni, which probablyCarbon nanotubes were discovered by Iijima with favors the formation of nanotubes. This paper presentstransmission electron microscopy (TEM) in 1991 [7]. results on catalysts of nickel/metallic oxide, in which NiSince then, much research work has been carried out on was fabricated to nanometre-sized particles before reactionthe carbon nanotubes, and much insight has been obtained by chemical methods.on their structures, properties, as well as preparationmethods. Carbon nanotubes have been produced by meansof the electric arc-discharge technique with presence of 2. Experimentalmetal atoms in the vapor phase [7], and catalytic methodsat moderate temperatures have also been proposed [8]. The The carbon nanostructures were synthesized under thecatalysis of the Ni/metallic oxide. The Ni/metallic oxide
Debt collection in New Zealand: Considering the case for adoption of guidelines, modelled on Australian debt collection guidelines, to address poor conduct by debt collectors.

The recovery of unpaid debts can be pursued with firmness, determination and civility. It can do all those things without resorting to bullying, bluff, misrepresentation or stand-over tactics. If it does the first and avoids the second it is unlikely to contravene the law. ACCC v McCaskey [2000] FCA 1037, at [51] (French J). Evidence revealed by the Government’s recent consumer credit review suggests there are issues regarding poor debt collector conduct in New Zealand by some collectors. This paper looks at the law in New Zealand that is relevant to debt collection and, drawing on the experience in Australia, considers how that law, and in the particular the prohibition in s 23 of the Fair Trading Act 1986 against harassment and coercion, might be utilised more effectively to improve standards across the industry. In particular, it considers whether the adoption of regulator guidelines, based on the Australian debt collection guidelines, that explain how s 23 is interpreted by the regulator, might be a useful measure to address poor debt collection practices.
INFLUÊNCIAS DA REGULAÇÃO NA QUALIDADE DAS INFORMAÇÕES CONTÁBEIS NO ÂMBITO DO MERCADO DE CAPITAIS: UM ENSAIO TEÓRICO

O estudo teve como objetivo discutir, de forma teórica, como a regulação da contabilidade pode influenciar a qualidade das informações contábeis divulgadas ao mercado de capitais. Para isso, considerou-se a regulação como uma determinante direta da qualidade da informação contábil, além da sua capacidade de influenciar as características de gerenciamento de resultados, conservadorismo e reconhecimento oportuno das perdas, consideradas proxies da qualidade da informação contábil. A discussão aponta que a regulação da contabilidade afeta a qualidade da informação mediante seus papeis de monitoramento, normatização e enforcement, sendo esses complementares. Como monitor, os órgãos reguladores do mercado de capitais buscariam melhorar a qualidade das informações contábeis, restringindo o gerenciamento de resultados e favorecendo o conservadorismo e o reconhecimento oportuno das perdas. A normatização, como a adoção das IFRS e SOX, também tem esses objetivos, mas a regulação pode acabar fornecendo incentivos para o gerenciamento de resultados, devido ao escrutínio regulatório e às consequências políticas adversas. Enfim, o nível de enforcement, representado pelo ambiente institucional, busca garantir a aplicação das normas e o atendimento do objetivo da regulação, sendo um moderador importante para determinar como a regulação influenciaria efetivamente a qualidade da informação contábil. Portanto, conclui-se que a regulação da contabilidade é capaz de influenciar a qualidade da informação contábil de forma direta e indireta, mas que nem sempre os efeitos serão uniformes em todos os países, pois irá depender do nível de enforcement.