Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Energy Inflation Dynamics in Pakistan: Revisiting the Role of Structural Determinants

Enormous fluctuation has been observed in energy prices in recent years. This strong volatility in energy prices implies grave inferences for Pakistan’s economy as shown by its substantial dependence on imported fuels. In Pakistan, energy prices play a critical role in inflation determination also concluded in the study at hand. The index of energy inflation was constructed, and the role of various control variables such as board money, taxes, oil prices, energy import, and GDP has been elaborated. Current study endeavors to examine the determinants of energy inflation in Pakistan by using time-series data for 1991 to 2019. Unit root was tested by utilizing ADF, furthermore, the Bound test suggested ARDL cointegration for empirical analysis. Therefore, an increase in the demand for energy in economic activities in developing countries indicates an energy demand hence implies energy inflation. The government of Pakistan must focus on the role of these factors to control inflation and to enhance the welfare in the country.
Malondialdehyde and Total Antioxidant Capacity as Predictors Biomarkers of Mortality in Acute Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning

Introduction: Aluminum Phosphide “ALP” tablets are frequently used to commit suicide in developing countries and Egypt. Mortality is very high; it can induce oxidative stress and alter antioxidant defense system. Aim of the Work: This study aimed to evaluate malondialdehyde “MDA” and total antioxidant capacity “TAC” as oxidative stress biomarkers in acute ALP poisoning and correlated them with poisoned patients’ outcome and mortality. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted on 120 individuals of both sexes divided into; (Group I) included 60 acute ALP poisoning patients, presented within 6 hours of exposure to Toxicology Unit of Emergency Hospital, Mansoura University and the remaining 60 (Group II) were healthy individuals as control group. Results: Serum level of MDA was significantly increased, and TAC was significantly reduced in ALP poisoned group at time of presentation in comparison to control group. On the other hand, levels of MDA and TAC were statistically significant difference between survivors and expired groups. In addition, serum MDA and TAC were found to be sensitive in prediction of ALP mortality. However, MDA level showed maximum specificity as well as more accuracy for prediction of poor outcomes. Conclusions: It can be concluded that, ALP exerts its toxicity through developing disproportionate oxidative stress and compromising antioxidant protective mechanisms. Both MDA and TAC were sensitive in prediction of ALP mortality and serum MDA level could be used as a more sensitive specific predictor biomarker for poor prognosis in acute ALP poisoning.
Condition of Students' Mathematical Reasoning Abilities Based on Their Ability to Argue

This study aims to reveal the condition of students' reasoning abilities based on the way students argue. This research uses a qualitative-descriptive approach. The subjects in this study were 3 students of junior high school with high reasoning abilities and 3 students with low reasoning abilities who viewed the reasoning ability scores when providing problem solving solutions on the written test. The data obtained in this study were in the form of students' written test scores and the results of student interviews. Interviews were conducted to bring up students 'ability to argue that describe and reveal the condition of students' reasoning abilities in the process of solving problems. The results of students 'arguments are analyzed and adjusted to the model of StephenToulmin's argument which reveals that there are 6 components of the argumentation to show the seriousness of students in arguing in order to obtain valid argument results to assess students' reasoning abilities. The arguments from students succeeded in uncovering 4 conditions that describe the conditions of students' mathematical reasoning abilities. These conditions are: 1) Students who show high reasoning ability in written tests and are able to show their reasoning process in the arguments that are brought up, 2) Students who show low reasoning abilities in written tests but are able to show their reasoning processes in the arguments that are brought up, 3) Students which shows a high reasoning ability in a written test but have not been able to demonstrate the reasoning process in the arguments that are brought up, and 4) Students who show a low reasoning ability in a written test and have not been able to demonstrate their reasoning process in the arguments that are brought up.
Locomotion Mode Recognition with Inertial Signals for Hip Joint Exoskeleton

Recognizing locomotion modes is a crucial step in controlling lower-limb exoskeletons/orthoses. Our study proposed a fuzzy-logic-based locomotion mode/transition recognition approach that uses the onrobot inertial sensors for a hip joint exoskeleton (active pelvic orthosis). The method outputs the recognition decisions at each extreme point of the hip joint angles purely relying on the integrated inertial sensors. Compared with the related studies, our approach enables calibrations and recognition without additional sensors on the feet. We validated the method by measuring four locomotion modes and eight locomotion transitions on three able-bodied subjects wearing an active pelvic orthosis (APO). The average recognition accuracy was 92.46% for intrasubject crossvalidation and 93.16% for intersubject crossvalidation. The average time delay during the transitions was 1897.9 ms (28.95% one gait cycle). The results were at the same level as the related studies. On the other side, the study is limited in the small sample size of the subjects, and the results are preliminary. Future efforts will be paid on more extensive evaluations in practical applications.
Adsorption of Dyes by Chitosan-Selenium Nanoparticles: Recent Developments and Adsorption Mechanisms

Most of the dyes are a dangerous class of water contaminants that have affected the environment drastically. Nano-sized compositeis the best decision cutting edge adsorbent for the evacuation of water poisons as such materials are related to the attributes of straightforwardness, adaptability, adequacy, and high surface reactivity. In this investigation, we have synthesized a nanostructured Chitosan-Selenium nanoparticle by green synthesis method using Justicia adhatoda plant leaves extract. Synthesis and characterization of Chitosan-Selenium nanoparticle were described by UVvisible spectroscopy, FTIR spectrum examinations, Particle Size Analysis, and XRD Spectrum analysis. From the outcomes, it was inferred that the Chitosan-Selenium nanoparticle was additionally utilized as an adsorbent for the expulsion of Rhodamine dye from the aqueous solution. Langmuir isotherm model was effectively usedfor the adsorption study of Chitosan-Selenium nanoparticle adsorbent. For the adsorption studies, parameters such asdosages, pH, and temperature were studied. The adsorption process was remarkably fast and reached equilibrium within 24hrs. The isotherm information was steady with the Langmuir model, and the most extreme adsorption limits of the Chitosan-Selenium nanoparticle adsorbent was 34.5mg. g for Rhodamine dye. Accordingly, nanoparticleswill be the only wayfor the future planned water treatment process.
Probiotics in human mental health and diseases - A minireview

In humans, cognitive functions are controlled by the central nervous system, which is controlled by the brain. Any damage to the neuronal system causes serious impairment to the host as it may lead to neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, autism and epilepsy. The physical and mental health of an individual is associated with food habits and brain health. The hypothalamus is the region of the brain that initiates a response to different types of stress. However, recent findings have revealed that food play a major role in regulating stress and mental health. In this regard, probiotics are beneficial microbes that are claimed to offer health benefits when consumed in adequate quantities. Probiotics alter the gut microbial composition in a positive way. Several in vitro, in vivo and pre-clinical studies have been conducted to determine the effects of probiotics or probiotic based food supplementation on the cognitive function of model system and human volunteers. Most of the studies suggest that the consumption of probiotic formulations improves cognitive function, stress management, and decision-making. This paper reviews recent findings regarding the influence of probiotic supplementation on cognitive function, especially in human subjects. The role of probiotics in maintaining healthy gut microbiota and detailed outcomes of clinical trials are here reported for easy understanding of the concept. However, more studies involving clinical trials are still required in the field of probiotics and cognitive function.
Convergent evolution of karst habitat preference and its ecomorphological correlation in three species of Bent-toed Geckos (Cyrtodactylus) from Peninsular Malaysia

By studying ecomorophology in the context of phylogeny, researchers can parse out similarity due to common ancestry versus that due to convergence. This is especially true among relatively closely related species where both phylogenetic and environmental constraints may be operating simultaneously. We explored these issues among three karst-associated species from two lineages of Cyrtodactylus—the sworderi group from Peninsular Malaysia and the swamp clade from Peninsular Malaysia and western Indonesia of the agamensis group. A stochastic character mapping analysis using five different habitat preferences corroborated a larger previous analysis in recovering a general habitat preference as an ancestral condition for all habitat preferences and a karst habitat preference in C. guakanthanensis and C. gunungsenyumensis of the sworderi group and C. metropolis of the swamp clade as convergently evolved. Multivariate and univariate analyses of 10 morphometric characters revealed that the ecomorphological similarity between C. guakanthanensis and C. gunungsenyumensis of the sworderi group was also convergent. The ecomorphology of C. metropolis of the swamp clade was intermediate between a karst-adapted ecomorphology and a swamp-generalists ecomorphology. Of the 10 morphometric characters employed in this analysis, only three—head length, head width, and forelimb width—showed any signs of phylogenetic signal. Cyrtodactylus metropolis is hypothesized to be a recently refuged swamp-dwelling species that frequented the Batu Caves environments prior to urbanization of the surrounding swamp habitat to which it is now confined.
A Review of Contemporary Challenges in Business Culture

The following article deals with the basic principles of intercultural management and possible improvements in terms of cultural, ethnic and gender diversification. The results are exemplarily applied to a bank located in Germany. The aim of this paper is to find out to what extent intercultural management could improve the productivity of Relatos-Bank in dealing with foreign employees or employees with a different cultural background. To achieve this goal, the authors con-duct a literature research. The main sources of information are books, journal articles and internet sources. It becomes clear that especially the different perceptions of different generations have a potential for conflict, which can be counteracted by applying presented scientific models. Equalizing the salaries of female and male employees and equalizing the rights and distribution of power could also be the key to becoming an open-minded, dynamic and fair organization that is pre-pared for the rapidly changing environment in which it operates.
Combination of ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids with 5-FU Inhibits SGC7901 Gastric Cancer Cell Growth via Rho-ROCK1 Signaling Pathway in Nude Mice

Background: Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancy with high mortality rate in the world. Systemic chemotherapy is thought to be an important treatment. However, due to the unsatisfactory efficiency and obvious side effects, it is urgent to detect new therapy strategy for gastric cancer. This study was aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of ω-3 polyunsaturated acids (PUFAs) combined with 5-FU on the growth of gastric cancer cells in nude mice. Methods: BALB/C nude mice were injected subcutaneously with SGC7901 gastric cancer cells to establish a tumor-bearing mouse model. The tumor growth in vivo was observed. Morphological of tumor specimens was observed by HE staining. The mRNA levels of RhoA, RhoC and ROCK1 in tumor tissues were detected by qPCR, and their protein levels were detected by immunofluorescence and Western Blot. Meanwhile, apoptosis –related proteins were also determined by Western Blot.Results: Compared with the NC control group, the tumor volume and weight in ω-3 PUFAs and 5-Fu groups were insignificantly lower, but significantly lower in the combination group. Compared with the abundant blood supply in the NC group, HE staining showed multifocal tumor necrosis in the three intervention groups, and this change was the most prominent in the combination group. And qPCR results showed that the mRNA levels of RhoA in the combination groups were significantly lower than this in the other groups. Immunofluorescence showed that the level of RhoA protein in the three intervention groups decline in varying degrees, especially in the combination group. Western Blot showed that the protein level of RhoA in the three intervention groups were significantly lower than those in the NC control group, especially in the combination group. Meanwhile, the protein level of ROCK1 in both 5-FU group and the combination group were significantly lower, especially in the combination group. Compared with the control group, the levels of Bcl-2 and Caspase-9 decreased in the combination group, the level of cleaved Parp was increased at the same time.Conclusion: ω-3 PUFAs combined with 5-FU may inhibit tumor growth through the Rho/ROCK pathway and promote apoptosis by down-regulating the levels of Bcl-2 and Caspase-9 and induce the increase of cleaved Parp level.
Demonstrating critically reflexive ICT4D project conduct in rural South Africa

ABSTRACT The problem with many ICT4D projects designed for African developmental contexts is that there is a tendency towards deterministic assumptions, in that arguments and implementation guidelines are often presented a-contextually. The reality of the author’s lived experience, however, was that ICT4D practices in the African context imply cross-cultural working and worldview collisions. Simply adopting Western values and advice wholesale without adequate reflection, may lead to a design-reality gap, oppressive ICT transfer, and ultimately failure. Understanding cultural context and local development realities may present challenges, because it is interwoven with the assumptions and prejudices of those identifying and representing context from the outside. While there are attempts at addressing these issues, more nuanced examples adequately sensitized to ethical reasoning, insider knowledge, and power dynamics in cross-cultural working, are needed. This paper reflects on how a critical ethnography informed and transformed ICT4D project practices for the developmental realities of a traditional Zulu community in South Africa. Confessional narratives, representing both method and phenomena, are used as case analogies for outsider researchers and practitioners to draw on, firstly; to self-reflect on their own false consciousness and misguided assumptions, and secondly; to make sense of the typical abstractness of ICT4D project guidance and principles.
Distributed control of mobile robots in an environment with static obstacles

Konstantinos Giannousakis, Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of Patras, Rio 26500, Greece. Email: giannousakis@ece.upatras. gr Abstract This study addresses the problem of deploying a group of mobile robots over a non‐ convex region with obstacles. Assuming that the robots are equipped with omnidirectional range sensors of common radius, disjoint subsets of the sensed area are assigned to the robots. These proximity‐based subsets are calculated using the visibility notion, where the cell of each robot is treated as an opaque obstacle for the other robots. Based on that, optimal spatially distributed coordination algorithms are derived for the area coverage problem and for the homing problem, where the swarm needs to move to specific locations. Experimental studies demonstrate the results.
The contribution of ebv to the pathogenesis of classical hodgkin lymphoma

: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) exists in two major forms, the so-called classical type (cHL) and the nodular lymphocyte predominant type (NLPHL). Since NLPHL is considered to be an EBV-negative entity, this review focusses only on the cHL form. Although cHL is a curable disease in many cases, we still lack an understanding of its pathogenesis that could lead to kinder treatments for patients, and also to more effective therapies for the smaller subset of patients who are destined to die of their disease. One approach might be to therapeutically target the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is present in up to one-half of cases in resource rich nations, and in almost all cases in some resource-poor countries. However, it has been suggested that EBV might be simply a silent passenger in cHL. In this review, we present evidence in support of a crucial role for EBV in virus-positive cHL. In particular, we highlight important epidemiological differences between EBV-positive and EBV-negative cHL that suggest different aetiologies, as well as genetic differences, including a different profile of somatic mutations pointing to a distinct contribution for EBV in substituting for cellular genetic changes that are required for disease development when the virus is absent. We also focus attention on important roles for the individual latent virus genes in the pathogenesis of cHL. Overall, this review suggests that a better understanding of how EBV contributes to the pathogenesis of cHL may eventually lead to improved stratification of patients and to the development of therapies that specifically target EBV or its latent genes. 13
Development of an in situ Acoustic Anemometer to Measure Wind in the Stratosphere for SENSOR

Abstract. The Stratospheric Environmental respoNses to Solar stORms (SENSOR) campaign investigates the influence of solar storms on the stratosphere. This campaign employs a long-duration zero-pressure balloon as a platform to carry multiple types of payloads during a series of flight experiments in the mid-latitude stratosphere from 2019 to 2022. This article describes the development and testing of an acoustic anemometer for obtaining in situ wind measurements along the balloon trajectory. Developing this anemometer was necessary, as there is no existing commercial off-the-shelf product, to the authors' knowledge, capable of obtaining in situ wind measurements on a high-altitude balloon or other similar floating platform in the stratosphere. The anemometer is also equipped with temperature, pressure, and humidity sensors from a Temperature-Pressure-Humidity measurement module, inherited from a radiosonde developed for sounding balloons. The acoustic anemometer and other sensors were used in a flight experiment of the SENSOR campaign that took place in the Da chaidan District (95.37° E, 37.74° N) on 4 September 2019. The zonal and meridional wind speed observations, which were obtained during level flight at an altitude exceeding 20 km, are presented. This is the first time that in situ wind measurements were obtained during level flight at this altitude. In addition to wind speed measurements, temperature, pressure, and relative humidity measurements during ascent are compared to observations from a nearby radiosonde launched four hours earlier. Further analysis of the wind data will presented in a subsequent publication. The problems experienced by the acoustic anemometer during the 2019 experiment show that the acoustic anemometer must be improved for future experiments in the SENSOR campaign.
Effect of Organic Ligands on Biological Availability of Inorganic Phosphorus in Soils

Citrate, oxalate, tartrate and malate were added into soils during the growth period of ryegrass to study the effect of different organic ligands on the release of various inorganic P (Pi) fractions in a yellow-brown soil and a paddy soil. The results showed that oxalate was most effective in promoting the release of total Pi in the yellow-brown soil and tartrate in the paddy soil. The dominant Pi fractions released from the yellow-brown soil were calcium phosphate (Ca-P) and aluminum phosphate (Al-P) and those from the paddy soil were iron phosphate (Fe-P) and reductant soluble phosphate (O-P) mobilized by tartrate. Phosphorous-mobilizing capability of organic acids in the yellow-brown soil revealed the following order: oxalate citrate malate tartrate. In the paddy soil, the order was tartrate citrate ≈ oxalate malate. It was demonstrated that organic ligands were different in their capabilities of mobilizing Pi and the same organic ligand showed also a discrepancy in mobilizing P in different soils. Although the addition of organic ligands into soils could increase the amount of P taken up by ryegrass, the more uptake of P, however, was not only due to the more release of Pi, but also partly from organic P. In many cases, organic ligands promoted the release of the total Pi, while different fractions showed different trends: some increased and others decreased.
Global Self-Esteem Differentially Predicts Multidimensional Perfectionism in Early Adolescents Two Years Later

Perfectionism is a multidimensional personality trait whose facets differentially relate to indicators of psychological functioning, such as global self-esteem. There has been some theoretical disagreement whether perfectionism affects global self-esteem, or vice versa. This question merits renewed attention due to increasing efforts to prevent the development of maladaptive perfectionism facets in adolescents. In addition, recent research has indicated a role of self-esteem for predicting personality development. This study aimed to clarify the longitudinal relations of multidimensional perfectionism and global self-esteem. A sample of 707 early adolescents participated in two measurement points two years apart. Global self-esteem positively predicted personal standards, negatively predicted doubts about actions, and did not predict concern over mistakes beyond baseline. Perfectionism facets did not longitudinally predict global self-esteem. These findings provide the first evidence for a role of global self-esteem in perfectionism development. Addressing early adolescents’ self-esteem may aid in preventing the development of maladaptive perfectionism facets.