Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leptobaryons as Majorana dark matter

We explore the dark matter and collider phenomenology of the minimal gauged $U(1)_B$ model, consisting of a leptophobic $Z_B$ gauge boson, and an accompanying Higgs $S_B$. By requirement of anomaly cancellation, the fermion sector naturally contains a dark matter candidate---a Majorana isosinglet $\chi$ stabilized by an inherent $Z_2$ symmetry. The absence of evidence for $Z$ prime dijet resonances at the LHC suggests that the scale of symmetry breaking $\Lambda_{B}\gtrsim 500$ GeV. Saturation of dark matter abundance together with limits on the direct detection cross section (dominated by Higgs exchange) constrains the Higgs mixing angle to $|\theta|\lesssim 0.22$. For small mixing angles of $|\theta| \lesssim 10^{-3}$, the $\mathcal{O}(10\%)$ branching fractions of the fermion loop-mediated $S_B\rightarrow\gamma \gamma$, $Z\gamma$, $ZZ$ modes may provide clues about the fermion content of the model at the LHC.
Genetic Diversity of Circumsporozoite Surface Protein of Plasmodium vivax from the Central Highlands, Vietnam

The circumsporozoite surface protein of Plasmodium vivax (PvCSP) plays a critical role in parasite biology. It has been extensively studied as a leading vivax-malaria-vaccine candidate. In this study, the genetic polymorphism and natural selection of pvcsp in P. vivax isolates collected from the Central Highlands, Vietnam were analyzed to understand the genetic structure of the parasite circulating in the endemic area and to provide baseline information for effective vaccine development based on the protein. Only two major alleles, VK210 and VK247, were detected in Vietnamese pvcsp, with VK247 being the predominant one. The N-terminal and C-terminal regions of Vietnamese VK210 and VK247 variants showed a low genetic diversity. Amino acid substitutions, insertions of a single amino acid or octapeptide (ANKKAEDA in VK210 and ANKKAGDA in VK247), and tetrapeptide repeat motifs (GGNA) were the main factors generating genetic diversity in the two regions of the Vietnamese VK210 and VK247 variants. Interestingly, these two regions of Vietnamese pvcsp displayed a unique natural selection pressure distinct from global pvcsp, particularly with the neighboring Southeast Asian pvcsp population. Meanwhile, the central repeat region (CRR) in both the VK210 and VK247 variants showed a high degree of polymorphic characters, caused by varying numbers, types, and combinations of peptide repeat motifs (PRMs) in Vietnamese pvcsp. Highly complicated polymorphic patterns of the CRR were also detected in global pvcsp. These results expand our understanding of the genetic structure of Vietnamese pvcsp and the population dynamics of P. vivax in the Central Highlands, Vietnam.
Fault tolerant control and fault diagnosis of a variable speed pitch angle hydraulic system

Recently, wind energy has attracted more attention from energy suppliers around the world, this is due to increased government investments and promotion of going green. These have led to the demand for wind energy. To improve the reliability of the wind turbine system, a variable speed wind turbine pitch angle control which can tolerate and detect faults is designed. The fault diagnosed here is the shaft rotary friction change which is caused by the break of shaft or pitch gear set. A disturbance observer (DO) is used to detect the fault in the proposed fault tolerant control (FTC) method. The FTC is implemented using the combination of a full order terminal sliding mode control and a neural network (NN) estimator. The post fault states can drive to the sliding surface and converge in finite time. The control law is derived using a Lyapunov stability method to ensure we guarantee stability for post-fault. A $3^{\mathrm{r}\mathrm{d}}$ order nonlinear state space is derived, and physical parameters applied in the simulation. The results obtained from the simulations are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Mat lab and Simulink are used to simulate the electrohydraulic servo pitch system with the faults simulated.
Graph Decompositions: A Study in Infinite Graph Theory

Note to the reader Introduction Fundamental facts and concepts Separating simplices and the existence of prime decompositions Simplicial minors and the existence of prime decompositions The uniqueness of prime decompositions Decompositions into small factors Applications of simplicial decompositions Appendix: Some notes on set theory References Subject index Index of symbols.
Multi-Criterion Partial Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

Cluster architectures are an effective approach for organizing sensor networks to balance the load and prolong network life. To cluster wireless sensor networks, this paper proposes an energy-efficient distributed algorithm. This algorithm uses two techniques (partial clustering and multi-criterion cluster formation) for efficient use of the sensor nodes’ energy. When a header expends a certain amount of power, it only notifies the nodes in its cluster that new clustering is required in the next round. Therefore, in contrast to previous studies that performed complete clustering, clustering in the present work is performed partially, which considerably reduces the clustering overhead. In addition, a multi-criterion score is calculated for each node. In this algorithm, a node with the highest remaining energy and score is a more suitable candidate to be selected as the head of the cluster. In addition, a regular node becomes the member of the cluster with the highest score in its vicinity. The experiments reveal the superiority of the proposed algorithm over other simulated algorithms in terms of energy savings and network lifetime.
Anti-Blooming Clocking for Time-Delay Integration CCDs

This paper presents an investigation of the responsivity of a time-delay integration (TDI) charge-coupled device that employs anti-blooming clocking and uses a varying number of TDI stages. The influence of charge blooming caused by unused TDI stages in a TDI deployed selection scheme is shown experimentally, and an anti-blooming clocking mechanism is analyzed. The impact of blooming on sensor characteristics, such as the responsivity, the conversion gain, and the signal-to-noise ratio, is investigated. A comparison of the measurements with and without this anti-blooming clocking mechanism is presented and discussed in detail.
Resonance and generation of random states in a quenched Ising model

The Ising model with a pulsed transverse and a continuous longitudinal field is studied. Starting from a large transverse field and a state that is nearly an eigenstate, the pulsed transverse field is quenched with a simultaneous enhancement of the longitudinal field. The generation of multipartite entanglement is observed along with a phenomenon akin to quantum resonance when the entanglement does not evolve for certain values of the pulse period. Away from the resonance, the longitudinal field can drive the entanglement to near maximum values that is shown to agree well with those of random states. Further evidence is presented that the time-evolved states obtained do have some statistical properties of such random states. For contrast the case when the fields have a steady value is also discussed.
Universal set of quantum gates for double-dot exchange-only spin qubits with intradot coupling

We present a universal set of quantum gate operations based on exchange-only spin qubits in a double quantum dot, where each qubit is obtained by three electrons in the (2,1) filling. Gate operations are addressed by modulating electrostatically the tunneling barrier and the energy offset between the two dots, singly and doubly occupied respectively. We propose explicit gate sequences of single qubit operations for arbitrary rotations, and the two-qubit controlled NOT gate, to complete the universal set. The unswitchable interaction between the two electrons of the doubly occupied quantum dot is taken into account. Short gate times are obtained by employing spin density functional theory simulations.
Efficient Signaling for Passive Memristive Crossbars to Prepare them for Spiking Neuromorphic Computing

Memristive devices act as promising emerging devices to emulate the functionalities of the synapses and neurons. The memristive crossbars provide accelerated computing for various IoT and edge computing applications. Brain-inspired computing can be exploited to overcome the von-Neuman computers bottleneck to increase energy efficiency and accelerate processing, specifically in conceptual computing. All neuro-inspired computing methods are set in two platforms, including conventional and spiking neural networks. Due to the challenge in providing efficient signaling for the spiking computing process, this manuscript focuses on developing a signaling strategy and methodology for conceptual processing over the passive memristive crossbars. The efficient signaling enables the passive memristive crossbars to be utilized for energy-efficient computing, providing high dense circuit implementation.
Estimating the sensitivity of pulsar timing arrays

The sensitivity curve of a canonical pulsar timing array is calculated for two types of source: a monochromatic wave and a stochastic background. These calculations are performed in both a Bayesian and frequentist framework, using both analytical and numerical methods. These calculations are used to clarify the interpretation of the sensitivity curves and to illustrate the sometimes overlooked fact that the sensitivity curve depends not only on the properties of the pulse time-of-arrival data set but also on the properties of the source being observed. The Bayesian and frequentist frameworks were found to give consistent results and the analytic and numerical calculations were also found to be in good agreement.
Transient X-ray pulsar V 0332+53: pulse-phase-resolved spectroscopy and the reflection model

We present the results of the pulse phase- and luminosity-resolved spectroscopy of the transient X-ray pulsar V0332+53, performed for the first time in a wide luminosity range (1-40)x10^{37} erg/s during a giant outburst observed by the RXTE observatory in Dec 2004 - Feb 2005. We characterize the spectra quantitatively and built the detailed "three-dimensional" picture of spectral variations with pulse phase and throughout the outburst. We show that all spectral parameters are strongly variable with the pulse phase, and the pattern of this variability significantly changes with luminosity directly reflecting the associated changes in the structure of emission regions and their beam patterns. Obtained results are qualitatively discussed in terms of the recently developed reflection model for the formation of cyclotron lines in the spectra of X-ray pulsars.
Geometry of quantum correlations

Consider the set Q of quantum correlation vectors for two observers, each with two possible binary measurements. Quadric (hyperbolic) inequalities which are satisfied by every vector in Q are proved, and equality holds on a two dimensional manifold consisting of the local boxes, and all the quantum correlation vectors that maximally violate the Clauser, Horne, Shimony, and Holt (CHSH) inequality. The quadric inequalities are tightly related to CHSH, they are their iterated versions (equation 20). Consequently, it is proved that Q is contained in a hyperbolic cube whose axes lie along the non-local (Popescu, Rohrlich) boxes. As an application, a tight constraint on the rate of local boxes that must be present in every quantum correlation is derived. The inequalities allow testing the validity of quantum mechanics on the basis of data available from experiments which test the violation of CHSH. It is noted how these results can be generalized to the case of n sites, each with two possible binary measurements.
Energy-Efficient Multi-UAV Network using Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning

With the explosive growth in mobile data traffic, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has received much attention in recent years. While UAV offers a number of benefits, the degeneration in energy efficiency due to the hardware limitation has become a major challenge in achieving the primary goals viz., 100-fold increase in the throughput in 6G wireless communication. In this paper, we propose multi-agent actor-critic (MA-AC) based joint trajectory design and resource allocation scheme to minimize the energy consumption of multi-UAV network. By exploiting actor-critic, the proposed scheme learns to determine UAV trajectory and transmit power. To deal with the signaling overhead in multi-UAV network, local agent in each UAV distributively decides UAV trajectory and transmit power using local information. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the energy efficiency of multi-UAV network while ensuring the QoS requirement of network.
Wind turbine wake simulation with explicit algebraic Reynolds stress modeling

Abstract. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations of wind turbine wakes are usually conducted with two-equation turbulence models based on the Boussinesq hypothesis; these are simple and robust but lack the capability of predicting various turbulence phenomena. Using the explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model (EARSM) of Wallin and Johansson (2000) can alleviate some of these deficiencies while still being numerically robust and only slightly more computationally expensive than the traditional two-equation models. The model implementation is verified with the homogeneous shear flow, half-channel flow, and square duct flow cases, and subsequently full three-dimensional wake simulations are run and analyzed. The results are compared with reference large-eddy simulation (LES) data, which show that the EARSM especially improves the prediction of turbulence anisotropy and turbulence intensity but that it also predicts less Gaussian wake profile shapes.
Temperature dependence of the Casimir force

The Casimir force—at first, a rather unexpected consequence of quantum electrodynamics—was discovered by Hendrik Casimir in Eindhoven in 1948. It predicts that two uncharged metal plates experience an attractive force because of the zero-point fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. The idea was tested experimentally in the 1950s and 1960s, but the results were not so accurate that one could make a definite conclusion regarding the existence of the effect. Evgeny Lifshitz expanded the theory in 1955 so as to deal with general dielectric media. Much experimental work was later done to test the theory’s predictions, especially with regards to the temperature dependence of the effect. The existence of the effect itself was verified beyond doubt by Sabisky and Anderson in 1973. Another quarter century had to pass before Lamoreaux and collaborators were able to confirm—or at least make plausible—the temperature dependence predicted by Lifshitz formula in combination with reasonable input data for the material’s dispersive properties. The situation is not yet clear-cut, however, there are recent experiments indicating results in disagreement with those of Lamoreaux. In this paper, a brief review is given of the status of this research field.
Decoherence of Coupled Quantum Oscillators: Going Beyond the Caldeira-Leggett Approximation

We calculate the reduced density matrix for a system of coupled harmonic oscillators in a bosonic heat bath using the Born-Markov approximation and show that the expectation values of position and momentum evolve like classical quantities. We consider the cases where every oscillator is coupled to its own reservoir and where all oscillators are coupled to the same heat bath, pointing out the differences between these two models. In particular, for systems coupled to a common reservoir, we present an uncommon dissipation mechanism, which disappears, when the dynamics of the system are gouverned by the low frequency modes of the environment (Caldeira-Leggett limit). We also address the interesting phenomenon of reservoir-induced interactions.
GRAVITATIONALLY INDUCED DENSITY WAKE OF A CIRCULARLY ORBITING OBJECT AS AN INTERPRETATIVE FRAMEWORK OF UBIQUITOUS SPIRALS AND ARCS

An orbiting object in a gas-rich environment creates a gravitational density wake containing information about the object and its orbit. Using linear perturbation theory, we analyze the observable properties of the gravitational wake due to the object circularly moving in a static homogeneous gaseous medium, in order to derive the Bondi accretion radius rB, the orbital distance rp, and the Mach number of the object. Supersonic motion, producing a wake of spiral-onion shell structure, exhibits a single-armed Archimedes spiral and two-centered circular arcs with respect to the line of sight. The pitch angle, arm width, and spacing of the spiral pattern are entirely determined by the orbital distance rp and Mach number of the object. The arm–interarm density contrast is proportional to rB, decreasing as a function of distance with a power index of −1. The background density distribution is globally changed from initially uniform to centrally concentrated. The vertical structure of the wake is manifested as circular arcs with the center at the object location. The angular extent of the arcs is determined by the Mach number of the object motion. Diagnostic probes of nonlinear wakes such as a detached bow shock, the absence of the definite inner arm boundary, the presence of turbulent low-density eddies, and elongated shapes of arcs are explained in the extension of the linear analysis. The density enhancement at the center is always rB/rp independent of the nonlinearity, suggesting that massive objects can substantially modify the background distribution.
On the nature of sub-millimetre galaxies

I discuss our current understanding of the nature of high-redshift (z > 2) (sub)-millimetre-selected galaxies, with a particular focus on whether their properties are representative of, or dramatically different from those displayed by the general star-forming galaxy population at these epochs. As a specific case study, I present some new results on the one sub-millimetre galaxy which happens to lie within the Hubble Ultra Deep Field and thus benefits from the very best available ultra-deep optical-infrared Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer Space Telescope imaging. I then consider what these and other recent results from optical-infrared studies of sub-millimetre and millimetre selected galaxies imply about their typical masses, sizes and specific star-formation rates, and how these compare with those of other star-forming galaxies selected at similar redshifts. I conclude with a brief discussion of the continued importance and promise of SCUBA2 in the era of Herschel.
How to make a clean separation between CMB E and B modes with proper foreground masking

We investigate the E/B decomposition of CMB polarization on a masked sky. In real space, operators of E and B mode decomposition involve only differentials of CMB polarization. We may, therefore in principle, perform a clean E/B decomposition from incomplete sky data. Since it is impractical to apply second derivatives to observation data, we usually rely on spherical harmonic transformation and inverse transformation, instead of using real-space operators. In spherical harmonic representation, jump discontinuities in a cut sky produces Gibbs phenomenon, unless a spherical harmonic expansion is made up to an infinitely high multipole. By smoothing a foreground mask, we may suppress the Gibbs phenomenon effectively in a similar manner to apodization of a foreground mask discussed in other works. However, we incur foreground contamination by smoothing a foreground mask, because zero-value pixels in the original mask may be rendered non-zero by the smoothing process. In this work, we investigate an optimal foreground mask, which ensures proper foreground masking and suppresses Gibbs phenomenon. We apply our method to a simulated map of the pixel resolution comparable to the Planck satellite. The simulation shows that the leakage power is lower than unlensed CMB B mode power spectrum of tensor-to-scalar ratio r ∼ 1 × 10 −7 . We compare the result with that of the original mask. We find that the leakage power is reduced by a factor of 10 6 ∼ 10 9 at the cost of a sky fraction 0.07, and that that the enhancement is highest at lowest multipoles. We confirm that all the zero-value pixels in the original mask remain zero in our mask. The application of this method to the Planck data will improve the detectability of primordial tensor perturbation.
Model Predictive and Sliding Mode Controllers for the DC-DC Boost Converter

The aim of this article is to keep the steady-state output voltage constant while minimizing non-minimum phase behavior in DC-DC converters, regardless of load fluctuations, supply voltage variations, or model errors. Control schemes based on sliding-mode and model-based predictive are utilized to reduce voltage changes. The use of SMC and MPC for DC-DC boost converter implementation is described. These control techniques’ simulation results are compared to open-loop and PI control strategies.
The effect of dietary supplementation of organic trace minerals on performance, mineral retention, lymphoid organs and antibody titres of broilers

Complete replacement of inorganic trace minerals (ITM) with proteinated organic trace minerals (PTM) at equal or lower inclusion rates was evaluated. One thousand and eight, one-d-old male chicks were divided into 24 pens containing 42 chicks, and randomly allocated to one of the following: T1: control group with ITM supplied at the standard commercial level in Ecuador; T2: PTM at 100% T1; T3: PTM at 66% TI; and T4: PTM at 33% T1. The 42-d experiment employed a three-phase feeding programme (1-14, 15-28 and 29-42 d). Restricted feeding was used to prevent the development of ascites associated with high altitude. At 21 and 42 d of age, Cu, Mn and Zn retention were measured in tibial bone, and Fe in whole blood. Lymphoid organ weights were at 21 and 42 d of age. Antibody titres were measured by ELISA at 42 d of age. Weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion and mortality were similar among treatments, although were below breed expectations due to feed restriction practices. Blood Fe was not affected by treatment (P<0.05). At both 21 and 42 d of age, minerals in tibia differed (P<0.01), with Mn and Zn concentrations being significantly higher in all PTM groups, compared to ITM control at 42 d. However, at 21 d, Zn was higher for the ITM-fed birds. No differences in lymphoid organ (bursa, thymus, and spleen) weights were observed, or for Gumboro (infectious bursal disease), infections bronchitis virus and reovirus antibody titres. For Newcastle disease virus, T4 birds had significantly lower antibody titres compared to other treatment groups. In conclusion, replacement of inorganic minerals with a proteinated form organic minerals at lower inclusion rates had no negative impact on performance, lymphoid organ weight or antibody titres in broilers raised under commercial conditions of high altitude and restricted feeding.
Factors Affecting Dividend Policy in Financial Sector Companies in Indonesia: Panel Data Analysis

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence dividend policy in financial sector companies in Indonesia. The independent variables in this study are profitability, leverage, managerial ownership, and firm size. While the dependent variable used is dividend policy. Findings. The results showed that simultaneously all independent variables (leverage, firm size, profitability, and managerial ownership) affected dividend policy (the dependent variable). The percentage of influence of all variables used in this study on dividend policy is 72.52%. At the same time the rest is influenced by other variables equal to 27.48%. Partially, profitability and firm size have a positive relationship to dividend policy.