Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of an efficient and real-time monitoring system for the vector mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus

Background The surveillance of vector mosquitoes is essential for prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases. In this study, we developed an internet-based vector mosquito monitor, MS-300, and evaluated its efficiency for the capture of the important vector mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus, in laboratory and field trials. Methodology/Principal findings The linear sizes of adult Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus were measured and an infrared window was designed based on these data. A device to specifically attract these two species and automatically transmit the number of captured mosquitoes to the internet was developed. The efficiency of the device in capturing the two species was tested in laboratory, semi-field and open field trials. The efficiency results for MS-300 for catching and identifying Ae. albopictus in laboratory mosquito-net cages were 98.5% and 99.3%, and 95.8% and 98.6%, respectively, for Cx. quinquefasciatus. In a wire-gauze screened house in semi-field trials, the efficiencies of MS-300 baited with a lure in catching Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus were 54.2% and 51.3%, respectively, which were significantly higher than 4% and 4.2% without the lure. The real-time monitoring data revealed two daily activity peaks for Ae. albopictus (8:00–10:00 and 17:00–19:00), and one peak for Cx. quinquefasciatus (20:00–24:00). During a 98-day surveillance trial in the field, totals of 1,118 Ae. albopictus and 2,302 Cx. quinquefasciatus were captured by MS-300. There is a close correlation between the number of captured mosquitoes and the temperature in the field, and a positive correlation in the species composition of the captured samples among the mosquitoes using MS-300, BioGents Sentinel traps and human landing catches. Conclusions/Significance The data support the conclusion that MS-300 can specifically and efficiently capture Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus, and monitor their density automatically in real-time. Therefore, MS-300 has potential for use as a surveillance tool for prevention and control of vector mosquitoes.
[Cell therapy for destructive pancreatitis].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS There were 60 patients with severe acute pancreatitis randomized into 2 groups: the first group (n=30) - endoscopic surgical treatment, mean age 44.7±2.93 years (18 (60.0%) males and 12 (40.0%) females); the second group (n=30) - complex therapy (standard treatment + cell therapy), mean age 50.8±3.8 years (16 (53.3%) men and 14 (46.7%) women). Taxation of endogenous intoxication, immunity state and regional microcirculation were assessed. Genetic analysis of eNOS (C774T) gene polymorphism was also carried out. RESULTS Early period of acute severe pancreatitis is accompanied by significant disorders of homeostasis (endogenous intoxication, immune imbalance, severe disorders of regional microcirculation). Genetic analysis showed that polymorphic genotype (T774T) of the endothelial NO synthase gene in a larger percentage (66.7-71.6%, p=0.001) occur in patients with severe acute pancreatitis and more severe homeostatic disorders (p<0.05). Inclusion of mesenchymal stem cells into standard therapy in early phase of acute severe pancreatitis makes it possible to purposefully and relatively quickly exert its effect on abnormal processes of homeostasis, inhibiting toxemic phenomenon, restoring immune response, and improving microcirculation. A particularly positive therapeutic effect of the drug is observed in patients with the eNOS gene mutation (T774T). CONCLUSION Mesenchymal stem cell drugs are advisable in early period of acute pancreatitis, mainly in patients with severe forms of disease.
Understanding the drivers of expert opinion when classifying species as extinct

The criteria as laid out by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List are the gold standard by which the extinction risk of a species is assessed and where appropriate biological extinctions are declared. However, unlike all other categories, the category of extinct lacks a quantitative framework for assigning this category. Given its subjective nature, we surveyed expert assessors working on a diversity of taxa to explore the attributes they used to declare a species extinct. Using a choice experiment approach, we surveyed 674 experts from the IUCN Species Survival Commission specialist groups and taskforces. Data availability, time from the last sighting, detectability, habitat availability, and population decline were all important attributes favored by assessors when inferring extinction. Respondents with red‐listing experience assigned more importance to the attributes data availability, time from the last sighting, and detectability when considering a species extinction, whereas those respondents working with well‐known taxa gave more importance to the time from the last sighting. Respondents with no red‐listing experience and those working with more well‐known taxa (i.e., mammals and birds) were overall less likely to consider species extinct. Our findings on the importance assessors place on attributes used to declare a species extinct provide a basis for informing the development of specific criteria for more accurately assessing species extinctions.
Deleterious Mutations and the Rare Allele Burden on Rice Gene Expression

Abstract Deleterious genetic variation is maintained in populations at low frequencies. Under a model of stabilizing selection, rare (and presumably deleterious) genetic variants are associated with increase or decrease in gene expression from some intermediate optimum. We investigate this phenomenon in a population of largely Oryza sativa ssp. indica rice landraces under normal unstressed wet and stressful drought field conditions. We include single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertion/deletion mutations, and structural variants in our analysis and find a stronger association between rare variants and gene expression outliers under the stress condition. We also show an association of the strength of this rare variant effect with linkage, gene expression levels, network connectivity, local recombination rate, and fitness consequence scores, consistent with the stabilizing selection model of gene expression.
Algebraic analysis of solvable lattice models

Background of the problem The spin $1/2$ XXZ model for $\Delta <-1$ The six-vertex model in the anti-ferroelectric regime Solvability and symmetry Correlation functions-physical derivation Level one modules and bosonization Vertex operators Space of states-mathematical picture Traces of vertex operators Correlation functions and form factors The $XXX$ limit $q\rightarrow-1$ Discussions List of formulas.
Distinctive exercise-induced inflammatory response and exerkine induction in skeletal muscle of people with type 2 diabetes

Mechanistic insights into the molecular events by which exercise enhances the skeletal muscle phenotype are lacking, particularly in the context of type 2 diabetes. Here, we unravel a fundamental role for exercise-responsive cytokines (exerkines) on skeletal muscle development and growth in individuals with normal glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes. Acute exercise triggered an inflammatory response in skeletal muscle, concomitant with an infiltration of immune cells. These exercise effects were potentiated in type 2 diabetes. In response to contraction or hypoxia, cytokines were mainly produced by endothelial cells and macrophages. The chemokine CXCL12 was induced by hypoxia in endothelial cells, as well as by conditioned medium from contracted myotubes in macrophages. We found that CXCL12 was associated with skeletal muscle remodeling after exercise and differentiation of cultured muscle. Collectively, acute aerobic exercise mounts a noncanonical inflammatory response, with an atypical production of exerkines, which is potentiated in type 2 diabetes.
The Microjansky Sky at 8.4 GHz

We present the results from two deep radio integrations at 8.4 GHz using the Very Large Array. One of the fields, at 13h, +43° (SA 13 field), has an rms noise level of 1.49 μJy and is the deepest radio image yet made. Thirty-four sources in a complete sample were detected above 7.5 μJy, and 25 are optically identified to a limit of I = 25.8, using our deep Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based images. The radio sources are usually located within 0. ″5 (typically 5 kpc) of a galaxy nucleus and generally have a diameter less than 2. ″5. We have also analyzed a complete flux density–limited sample at 8.4 GHz of 89 sources from five deep radio surveys, including the Hubble deep and flanking fields, as well as the two new fields. Half of all the optical counterparts are with galaxies brighter than I = 23 mag, but 20% are fainter than I = 25.5 mag. There may be a small tendency for the microjansky radio sources to prefer multigalaxy systems. The distribution of the radio spectral index between 1.4 and 8.4 GHz peaks at α ≈ -0.75 (S ∼ ν+α), with a median value of -0.6. The average spectral index becomes steeper (lower values) for sources below 35 μJy and for sources identified with optical counterparts fainter than I = 25.5 mag. This correlation suggests that there is an increasing contribution from starburst galaxies compared to AGNs at lower radio flux densities and fainter optical counterparts. The differential radio count between 7.5 and 1000 μJy has a slope of -2.11 ± 0.13 and a surface density of 0.64 sources (arcmin)-2, with a flux density greater than 7.5 μJy.
Life and death of cosmions in stars

Les particules massives en interaction faible (cosmions) representent des candidats tres attractifs pour la composition de la matiere sombre. La capture et l'annihilation des cosmions sont etudiees dans le Soleil, les etoiles de la sequence principale et les geantes rouges. Le probleme du transfert d'energie dans les noyaux stellaires est egalement aborde
SO(4,1) Yang-Mills theory of quantum gravity

The search for a quantum theory of gravity has become one of the most well-known problems in theoretical physics. Problems quantizing general relativity because it is not renormalizable have led to a search for a new theory of gravity that, while still agreeing with measured observations, is renormalizable. In this paper, a spin-1 Yang-Mills force theory with a SO(4,1) or {\em de Sitter} group symmetry is developed. By deriving the standard geodesic equation and the first post-Newtonian approximation equations, it is shown that this theory, coupled to Dirac fields, predicts all N-body and light observations of gravitational phenomena to within experimental accuracy. Furthermore, because of the separation of gauge covariance from coordinate diffeomorphism, the theory satisfies the strong equivalence principle while maintaining a Minkowski coordinate metric. Cosmology is also briefly addressed: Vacuum energy is the most common explanation for the accelerating expansion of the universe but suffers from the drawback that any reasonable prediction of it is 120 orders of magnitude too large. The de Sitter solution to the Einstein Field Equations is an alternative to vacuum energy as an explanation for the accelerating expansion of the universe but only if the universe is approximately a vacuum. The proposed gauge theory, however, avoids both these problems and, cosmologically, the accelerating expansion of the universe is shown as a consequence of the de Sitter group Lie algebra. In addition, with quantized mass, because it is a generic massless, semi-simple Yang-Mills theory, it is mathematically proved to be a perturbatively renormalizable quantum theory of gravity.
Advancements in Gradient System Performance for Clinical and Research MRI

In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), spatial field gradients are applied along each axis to encode the location of the nuclear spin in the frequency domain. During recent years, the development of new gradient technologies has been focused on the generation of stronger and faster gradient fields for imaging with higher spatial and temporal resolution. This benefits imaging methods, such as brain diffusion and functional MRI, and enables human imaging at ultra‐high field MRI. In addition to improving gradient performance, new technologies have been presented to minimize peripheral nerve stimulation and gradient‐related acoustic noise, both generated by the rapid switching of strong gradient fields. This review will provide a general background on the gradient system and update on the state‐of‐the‐art gradient technology.
Mechanisms of ADAMTS13 regulation

Recombinant ADAMTS13 is currently undergoing clinical trials as a treatment for hereditary thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, a lethal microvascular condition resulting from ADAMTS13 deficiency. Preclinical studies have also demonstrated its efficacy in treating arterial thrombosis and inflammation without causing bleeding, suggesting that recombinant ADAMTS13 may have broad applicability as an antithrombotic agent. Despite this progress, we currently do not understand the mechanisms that regulate ADAMTS13 activity in vivo. ADAMTS13 evades canonical means of protease regulation because it is secreted as an active enzyme and has a long half‐life in circulation, suggesting that it is not inhibited by natural protease inhibitors. Although shear can spatially and temporally activate von Willebrand factor to capture circulating platelets, it is also required for cleavage by ADAMTS13. Therefore, spatial and temporal regulation of ADAMTS13 activity may be required to stabilize von Willebrand factor‐platelet strings at sites of vascular injury. This review outlines potential mechanisms that regulate ADAMTS13 in vivo including shear‐dependency, local inactivation, and biochemical and structural regulation of substrate binding. Recently published structural data of ADAMTS13 is discussed, which may help to generate novel hypotheses for future research.
Pragmatic deficits in patients with schizophrenia and right hemisphere damage: A pilot study.

BACKGROUND While pragmatic deficits are well documented in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and right hemisphere damage (RHD), there is a paucity of research comparing the pragmatic deficits of these two groups. Do they experience similar cognitive dysfunction or is there a dissociation between the two patient groups? AIMS To investigate the nature of pragmatic deficits in these two groups and to gain an understanding of the underlying cognitive mechanisms that might be associated with these deficits to further future investigations. METHODS & PROCEDURES A total of 60 participants (15 patients with SCZ; 15 with RHD; 30 (15 + 15) healthy controls (HC) were administered the Bengali Audio-Visual Test-Battery for Assessment of Pragmatic Skills. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Both SCZ and RHD patients were found to have significant pragmatic deficits compared with their matched controls. SCZ patients were found to score significantly better than the RHD group in six out of the 10 pragmatic skills when controlled for age and education. Discriminant function analysis was performed and 86.7% of the cases (HC = 100%, SCZ = 73.3% and RHD = 86.7%) were correctly reclassified into their original categories using the test scores. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS The study suggests that there is heterogeneity in the nature of the pragmatic breakdown within and across patient groups. Therefore, individualized restorative measures targeting the disrupted cognitive mechanism(s) might help elevate pragmatic competence and enhance the social functioning of patients with pragmatic deficits. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS What is already known on the subject Pragmatic deficits are common in adults with cognitive impairments of different etiologies. However, few studies have explored pragmatic deficits across clinical populations. Consequently, very little is known about the nature of pragmatic deficits in patients with schizophrenia and right hemisphere damage. What this paper adds to existing knowledge This work offers preliminary data on pragmatic difficulties in patients with schizophrenia and right hemisphere damage. This study overrides the boundaries of traditional classifications and evaluates pragmatic difficulties in these two clinical populations with reference to the underlying cognitive mechanisms, which might be disrupted. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? The study adds a transdiagnostic perspective suggesting that there might be heterogeneity in pragmatic deficits, both within and across patient groups, and stresses the need for individualized therapy.
Foot arch rigidity in walking: In vivo evidence for the contribution of metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion

Human foot rigidity is thought to provide a more effective lever with which to push against the ground. Tension of the plantar aponeurosis (PA) with increased metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint dorsiflexion (i.e., the windlass mechanism) has been credited with providing some of this rigidity. However, there is growing debate on whether MTP joint dorsiflexion indeed increases arch rigidity. Further, the arch can be made more rigid independent of additional MTP joint dorsiflexion (e.g., when walking with added mass). The purpose of the present study was therefore to compare the influence of increased MTP joint dorsiflexion with the influence of added mass on the quasi-stiffness of the midtarsal joint in walking. Participants walked with a rounded wedge under their toes to increase MTP joint dorsiflexion in the toe-wedge condition, and wore a weighted vest with 15% of their body mass in the added mass condition. Plantar aponeurosis behavior, foot joint energetics, and midtarsal joint quasi-stiffness were compared between conditions to analyze the mechanisms and effects of arch rigidity differences. Midtarsal joint quasi-stiffness was increased in the toe-wedge and added mass conditions compared with the control condition (both p < 0.001). In the toe-wedge condition, the time-series profiles of MTP joint dorsiflexion and PA strain and force were increased throughout mid-stance (p < 0.001). When walking with added mass, the time-series profile of force in the PA did not increase compared with the control condition although quasi-stiffness did, supporting previous evidence that the rigidity of the foot can be actively modulated. Finally, more mechanical power was absorbed (p = 0.006) and negative work was performed (p < 0.001) by structures distal to the rearfoot in the toe-wedge condition, a condition which displayed increased midtarsal joint quasi-stiffness. This indicates that a more rigid foot may not necessarily transfer power to the ground more efficiently.
Copy number variant‐based genome wide association study reveals immune‐related genes associated with parasite resistance in a heritage sheep breed from the United States

Florida Native is a heritage sheep breed in the United States and expresses superior ability to regulate gastrointestinal nematodes. The objective of the present study was to investigate the importance of copy number variants (CNVs) on resistance to natural Haemonchus contortus infections. A total of 300 Florida Native sheep were evaluated. Phenotypic records included fecal egg count (FEC, eggs/gram), FAMACHA© score, percentage cell volume (PCV, %), body condition score (BCS) and average daily gain (ADG, kg). Sheep were genotyped using the GGP Ovine 50K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip. Log ratios from 45.2 k SNP markers spanning the entire genome were utilized for CNV detection. After quality control, 261 animals with CNVs and phenotypic records were used for the association testing. Association tests were carried out using correlation‐trend test and principal component analysis correction to identify CNVs associated with FEC, FAMACHA©, PCV, BCS and ADG. Significant CNVs were detected when their adjusted p‐value was <. 05 after FDR correction. A total of 8124 CNVs were identified, which gave 246 non‐overlapping CNVs. Fourteen CNVs were significantly associated with FEC and PCV. CNVs associated with FEC overlapped 14 Quantitative Trait Locus previously associated with H. contortus resistance. Our study demonstrated for the first time that CNVs could be potentially involved with parasite resistance in Florida Native sheep. Immune‐related genes such as CCL1, CCL2, CCL8, CCL11, NOS2, TNF, CSF3 and STAT3 genes could play an important role for controlling H. contortus resistance. These genes could be potentially utilized as candidate markers for selection of parasite resistance in this breed.
Customer Experience in e-Retailing : An empirical model of Antecedents and Outcomes

Susan Rose a,∗, Moira Clark a,1, Phillip Samouel b,2, Neil Hair c,3 a Henley Business School, University of Reading, Greenlands, Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire RG9 3AU, UK b Kingston Business School, Kingston University, Kingston Hill, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey KT2 7LB, UK c E.Philip Saunders College of Business, Rochester Institute of Technology, 108 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
On the dark matter distribution in the Milky Way

The distribution of dark matter in the Milky Way is a crucial input for ongoing studies in cosmology, astrophysics and particle physics. This motivates the effort over the next years to improve our mapping of dark matter, which has indeed become a top priority in the field. We report briefly on the state of the art regarding the dark matter distribution in our Galaxy, with a special emphasis in the inner part of the Galaxy where baryons start to give an important dynamical contribute to the total gravitational potential. After introducing the kinematic data used to trace the rotation curve and the photometric data used to model the different baryonic components, we combine kinematics and photometry to single out the dark matter content. The procedure is then used to assess the evidence for dark matter and to constrain the underlying dark matter distribution with two conceptually distinct approaches, which we dub profile fitting and profile reconstruction. Finally, in view of the swarm of astronomical data soon to become available, we shortly address the expected progress in pinpointing dark matter across the Galaxy.
Evolutionary divergence in phenotypic plasticity shapes brain size variation between coexisting sunfish ecotypes

Mechanisms that generate brain size variation and the consequences of such variation on ecological performance are poorly understood in most natural animal populations. We use a reciprocal‐transplant common garden experiment and foraging performance trials to test for brain size plasticity and the functional consequences of brain size variation in Pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus) ecotypes that have diverged between nearshore littoral and offshore pelagic lake habitats. Different age‐classes of wild‐caught juveniles from both habitats were exposed for 6 months to treatments that mimicked littoral and pelagic foraging. Plastic responses in oral jaw size suggested that treatments mimicked natural habitat‐specific foraging conditions. Plastic brain size responses to foraging manipulations differed between ecotypes, as only pelagic sourced fish showed brain size plasticity. Only pelagic juveniles under 1 year‐old expressed this plastic response, suggesting that plastic brain size responses decline with age and so may be irreversible. Finally, larger brain size was associated with enhanced foraging performance on live benthic but not pelagic prey, providing the first experimental evidence of a relationship between brain size and prey‐specific foraging performance in fishes. The recent post‐glacial origin of these ecotypes suggests that brain size plasticity can rapidly evolve and diverge in fish under contrasting ecological conditions.