Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oral cancer knowledge, attitudes and practices: a survey of dentists and primary care physicians in Massachusetts.

BACKGROUND The authors conducted a study to assess dentists' and primary care physicians' oral cancer knowledge, attitudes and practices in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. METHODS The authors mailed a 38-item, pretested questionnaire to a stratified sample of dentists and primary care physicians in Massachusetts. The sample population included all general medicine, internal medicine and family practice physicians listed with the Massachusetts Board of Registration in Medicine and all Massachusetts Dental Society members. The authors invited a random sample of more than 1,000 clinicians to participate in the survey. They assessed knowledge, attitudes and practices of respondents and performed a bivariate analysis of responses to questions by using statistical software. RESULTS Forty-nine percent of physicians reported performing an oral cancer examination in patients aged 40 to 55 years, compared with 92 percent of dentists (P < .001). For patients 56 years or older, 54 percent of physicians reported performing oral cancer examinations, compared with 93 percent of dentists (P < .001). More than 96 percent of physicians reported that they asked patients about smoking and alcohol use. However, only 9 percent of physicians and 39 percent of dentists were able to identify the two most common sites on which oral cancer develops (P < .001). Fifty-seven percent of dentists and 24 percent of physicians correctly identified the most common symptom of early oral cancer. CONCLUSION This survey identified an existing gap in knowledge and practices among physicians and dentists and underscores the need to enhance oral cancer education among both professional groups.
Paired Associative Stimulation with High-Frequency Peripheral Component Leads to Enhancement of Corticospinal Transmission at Wide Range of Interstimulus Intervals

Background: In spinal paired associative stimulation (PAS), orthodromic and antidromic volleys elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) coincide at corticomotoneuronal synapses at the spinal cord. The interstimulus interval (ISI) between TMS and PNS determines whether PAS leads to motor-evoked potential (MEP) potentiation or depression. PAS applied as a long-term treatment for neurological patients might alter conduction of neural fibers over time. Moreover, measurements of motoneuron conductance for determination of ISIs may be challenging in these patients. Results: We sought to design a PAS protocol to induce MEP potentiation at wide range of ISIs. We tested PAS consisting of high-intensity (100% stimulator output, SO) TMS and high-frequency (50 Hz) PNS in five subjects at five different ISIs. Our protocol induced potentiation of MEP amplitudes in all subjects at all tested intervals. TMS and PNS alone did not result in MEP potentiation. The variant of PAS protocol described here does not require exact adjustment of ISIs in order to achieve effective potentiation of MEPs. Conclusions: This variant of PAS might be feasible as a long-term treatment in rehabilitation of neurological patients.
Survival in patients with class III idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension treated with first line oral bosentan compared with an historical cohort of patients started on intravenous epoprostenol

Background: The oral dual endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan improves exercise capacity and delays clinical worsening in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, but its use could delay starting intravenous epoprostenol, a life saving treatment. Methods: Survival in patients with functional class III idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) treated with bosentan in clinical trials was compared with historical data from similar patients treated with epoprostenol in the clinic. Statistical methods were used to adjust for possible underlying differences between the two groups. Results: Baseline factors for the 139 patients treated with bosentan and the 346 treated with epoprostenol suggested that the epoprostenol cohort had more severe disease—that is, a lower cardiac index (2.01 v 2.39 l/min/m2) and higher pressures and resistance. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates after 1 and 2 years were 97% and 91%, respectively, in the bosentan cohort and 91% and 84% in the epoprostenol cohort. Cox regression analyses adjusting for differences in baseline factors showed a greater probability of death in the epoprostenol cohort (hazard ratio 2.2 (95% confidence interval 1.2 to 4.0) in the model adjusted for haemodynamics). Alternative regression analyses and analyses to adjust for different data collection dates gave consistently similar results. When matched cohorts of 83 patients each were selected, survival estimates were similar. In the bosentan cohort 87% and 75% of patients followed for 1 and 2 years, respectively, remained on monotherapy. Conclusions: No evidence was found to suggest that initial treatment with oral bosentan, followed by or with the addition of other treatment if needed, adversely affected the long term outcome compared with initial intravenous epoprostenol in patients with class III idiopathic PAH.
Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission: can we meet the goal of global elimination of new pediatric infections?

DOI:10.1097/COH.0b013e328363d280 One of the greatest public health success stories has been the development and implementation of interventions to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT). In the USA and other high-resource countries, mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT) has been nearly eliminated. From a global perspective, UNAIDS has set a goal of ‘virtual elimination’ of MTCT worldwide by 2015 [1]. This series of papers considers the current status of PMTCT in both high and low-resource settings and critically examines what will be needed to reach this elimination goal. Dr Nesheim et al. [2] discuss the success in preventing – and nearly eliminating – MTCT in the USA. Prior to 1994, approximately one in every four HIV-infected mothers in the USA transmitted HIV to their infant. It was recognized that most pediatric HIV infections occurred through MTCT, although the exact timing of transmission was unclear, and there were no specific preventive interventions other than for a woman to know her HIV status and not get pregnant. In 1994, the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG) 076 clinical trial demonstrated that an antiretroviral (ARV) drug, zidovudine (AZT), given during pregnancy, intravenously during labor and to the newborn for 6 weeks, significantly reduced in-utero and intrapartum HIV transmission [3]. This regimen was rapidly adopted as standard of care for HIV-infected pregnant women and their infants in the USA, with a subsequent precipitous decline in overall MTCT rates [4–6]. As new ARV drugs became available, treatment with combination ARV regimens (initially dual and then triple regimens) became the standard of care, including for treatment of pregnant women. Although there were no randomized clinical trials, observational data suggested that use of combination regimens during pregnancy further reduced MTCT compared to AZT alone [6]. Thus, in resource-rich countries, combination regimens including at least three ARV drugs are currently given during pregnancy to HIV-infected women [7]. Despite an increasing number of HIV-
Restrictive interventions for people with a disability exhibiting challenging behaviours : analysis of a population database

Background: People with an intellectual disability whose behaviours are perceived to be of serious harm to themselves or others are at risk of being subjected to restrictive interventions. Prevalence rates are difficult to determine, as most research is unable to draw on the results of population-level data. Method: The current study reports on the use of chemical and mechanical restraint and seclusion in the State of Victoria, Australia, over a 12-month period. Results: The majority of people included were subjected to chemical restraint. The use of restraint was found to be routine rather than a strategy of last resort. Consistent with findings in the UK and USA, those subjected to restrictive interventions were more likely to be young males with multiple disabilities, including autism. Conclusions: Systemic policy and procedural developments are needed to address current use of restrictive interventions, together with a longitudinal study to evaluate the effectiveness, of alternative, non-restrictive strategies.
Polynomial approximations over Z / p k Z

We study approximation of Boolean functions by low-degree polynomials over the ring Z/pkZ. More precisely, given a Boolean function F : {0, 1}n → {0, 1}, define its k-lift to be Fk : {0, 1}n → {0, pk−1} by Fk(x) = pk−F(x) mod pk. We consider the fractional agreement of Fk with degree d polynomials from Z/pZ[x1, . , xn], which we call γd,k(F). Our results are the following: • Power of this model: We observe that as k increases, γd,k(F) cannot decrease. We give two kinds of examples where γd,k(F) actually increases. The first is an infinite family of functions F such that γ2,2(F) − γ2,1(F) ≥ Ω(1). The second is an infinite family of functions F such that γd,1(F) ≤ 1 2 + o(1) — as small as possible — but γd,3(F) ≥ 1 2 +Ω(1). • Limitations of this model: We show that the Majority function Majn satisfies γd,k(Majn) ≤ 1 2 + O(d) √ n irrespective of the value of k, strengthening classical results of Szegedy and Smolensky. Previous results only yielded γd,k(Majn) ≤ 1 2 + O(dpk) √ n for k > 1. We observe that the model we study subsumes the model of non-classical polynomials and in particular, proving limitations on our model also proves upper bounds on the agreement of non-classical polynomials with Boolean functions. In particular, we can use our second result to show that no non-classical polynomial of degree d can agree with Majn on more than a 1 2 + O(d) √ n fraction of its inputs, confirming a conjecture of Bhowmick and Lovett [In Proc. 30th Computational Complexity Conf. , pages 72-87, 2015]. Our result also strengthens results about weak representations of the Majority function modulo large prime powers. ∗Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, USA. abhishek.bhr@cs.rutgers. edu. Work done while the author was visiting the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. Research supported in part by UGC-ISF grant 1399/4. †Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, India. prahladh@tifr.res.in. Research supported in part by UGC-ISF grant 1399/4. ‡Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India. srikanth@math.iitb. ac.in.
Voice conversion based on Non-negative matrix factorization using phoneme-categorized dictionary

We present in this paper an exemplar-based voice conversion (VC) method using a phoneme-categorized dictionary. Sparse representation-based VC using Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is employed for spectral conversion between different speakers. In our previous NMF-based VC method, source exemplars and target exemplars are extracted from parallel training data, having the same texts uttered by the source and target speakers. The input source signal is represented using the source exemplars and their weights. Then, the converted speech is constructed from the target exemplars and the weights related to the source exemplars. However, this exemplar-based approach needs to hold all the training exemplars (frames), and it may cause mismatching of phonemes between input signals and selected exemplars. In this paper, in order to reduce the mismatching of phoneme alignment, we propose a phoneme-categorized sub-dictionary and a dictionary selection method using NMF. By using the sub-dictionary, the performance of VC is improved compared to a conventional NMF-based VC. The effectiveness of this method was confirmed by comparing its effectiveness with that of a conventional Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM)-based method and a conventional NMF-based method.
AMONG MASTER OF SOCIAL WORK STUDENTS, WHAT HAS A HIGHER IMPACT ON LEVELS OF STRESS: SPIRITUALITY, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, OR SELF-COMPASSION

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . viii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 Problem Formulation. 1 Purpose of the Study . 3 Significance of Social Work Practice. 4 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 6 Introduction . 6 Stress Among College Students . 6 Sources of Stress Among College Students . 7 Intrapersonal Stressors . 7 Interpersonal Stressors . 7 Academic Stressors . 8 Environmental Stressors . 8 Effects of Stress . 9 Mental Health Effects . 9 Physical Health Effects . 10 Behavioral Effects . 10 Stress Coping Mechanisms . 11 Spirituality . 11 Physical Activity . 12
The California Commission on Health and Safety and Workers' Compensation Revised Claims Adjuster and Bill Reviewer Training and Certification by Insurers Report

California has an exciting opportunity to serve as a national leader in the areas of worker protection, benefits, and reduced costs, as well as increased benefits for employers. Carve-outs provide an alternative to the dispute resolution procedures in the state workers' compensation system. Carve-outs were developed to provide the opportunity to establish an improved benefit-delivery system for injured workers and to encourage labor and management to collaborate toward this end. A carve-out offers more efficient responses to safety, dispute rates, and costs. These are benefits for all participants in the workers' compensation system – unions, employers, workers, and workers' compensation administration. This Guide presents an overview of the role of carve-outs in the California workers' compensation system, including the history of carve-outs and the legislative mandates providing for carve-outs. In addition, the Guide provides an outline of the process for establishing a carve-out and describes the roles and responsibilities of each participant in a carve-out. This Guide has been developed to: ? Help unions, employers, and workers understand the role and benefits of a carve-out in providing workers' compensation benefits. Identify the steps that unions and employers should take to establish a carve-out. Identify ways that unions and employers can work together to create an effective carve-out. This Guide cannot cover all possible situations faced by injured workers; therefore, additional resources are listed in the Appendix sections " The Workers' Compensation Process: Frequently Asked Questions " and " For More Information and Help: A Resource Guide. " Workers' compensation resources include governmental agencies, attorneys, health care providers, unions, and support groups, as well as books and materials. These resources can help injured workers understand the workers' compensation system and how to get help with their individual case. Who are the key participants in a carve-out and what are their roles and responsibilities?
A framework for setting land conservation priorities using multi-criteria scoring and an optimal fund allocation strategy

The California Legacy Project (CLP) mission is " to enable the State and its partners in conservation to develop and implement a strategic and inclusive approach to conserving and restoring California's lands and natural resources. " In Spring 2001 The Resources Agency of California contracted with the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis at UC Santa Barbara to convene a working group to help bring systematic conservation planning theory and methods to bear on the design and implementation of CLP. The framework described in this report is one of the products from that working group. The framework is intended to serve the dual purpose of helping decision makers to evaluate current opportunities (e.g., current proposal applications for State conservation funds) and to help planners develop longer term conservation strategies that highlight general areas, species and communities for more focused analysis and collaborative planning. We do not present a plan or " blueprint " for future conservation activities. Instead, we offer an analytical, data-driven planning process that could be applied to ongoing conservation assessments and evaluations by State conservation planning staff and collaborating organizations over the State or regions of the State. We organize the planning framework based on a hierarchy of conservation goals and objectives, each of which is further elaborated in terms of specific objectives, criteria, and sources of evidence. At the highest level we distinguish three categories of conservation goals: Resource Production Capacity, Natural Capital, and Public Open Space. Under Natural Capital we distinguish terrestrial biodiversity from wetland and aquatic biodiversity. This report focuses on terrestrial biodiversity. The framework applies GIS technology to map conservation value and investment priorities based on available spatial data, derived indices and simple algebraic functions. A planning region is divided into sites and each site is scored in terms of its marginal conservation value, that is, the incremental value added to the current system of conservation lands by making the next conservation investment in that site. Site prioritization depends on the resources the site contains, the threat to those resources, and the conservation cost of mitigating that threat. The strategic objective is to allocate conservation funds among a set of candidate sites such that there is the greatest possible resource value remaining at the end of the planning period. We present a measure of ecological condition based on land use, land cover, roads, housing density and forest structure. The condition index is …
Optimal Accounting Policies for AAA Systems in Mobile Telecommunications Networks

Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) deployments are expected to grow significantly in emerging mobile systems as they offer a plethora of services and mobile applications. In current systems, network access servers (NAS) periodically report the service usage of mobile users located within their coverage areas. The periodic reports are used by the billing systems to minimize the incurred capital losses if the serving NAS fails. While shorter reporting intervals are desired for lower losses, they can potentially result in undesirably high signaling load. Because it is prohibitively difficult to obtain optimal reporting intervals in mobile systems due to multitudes of services with different mobility profiles, current accounting standards offer no quantitative measures for selecting a proper reporting interval and AAA systems are typically designed via over provisioning. To address this issue, we propose an adaptive optimization mechanism in multiservice AAA systems which limits the potential loss without excessively generating unnecessary usage reports. Our optimization mechanism embraces the current AAA IETF standards RADIUS and its successor Diameter and does not require any modifications to the AAA protocols nor to the network access servers' implementation, and its implementation scope is limited to the AAA systems. The results demonstrate that our mechanism is robust under various operational conditions, easy to implement, and offers considerable potential for loss control compared to the current static approaches.
Parabolic Bifurcations in Complex Dimension 2

Parabolic bifurcations in one complex dimension demonstrate a wide variety of interesting dynamical phenomena. In this paper we consider parabolic bifurcations of families of diffeomorphisms in two complex dimensions. Specifically we consider a two variable family of diffeomorphisms $F_\epsilon: M\to M$ given locally by $$F_\epsilon(x,y) = (x + x^2 + \epsilon^2+ ., b_\epsilon y+.)$$ where $|b_\epsilon|<1$, and the `$. $' terms involve $x$, $y$ and $\epsilon$.
ROLE OF S100P AS A NEW PROGNOSTIC MARKER IN WOMEN WITH METASTATIC BREAST CANCER AND ITS CORRELATION WITH BCL2 AND BAX EXPRESSION.

* Lobna A. Abdelaziz 1 , Hoda F. Ebian 2 ,Shereen El Shorbagy 3 , Rham Z.Ahmed 3 , Ola A. Harb 4 , Mariem A. Elfeky 4 , Mohammed E.Eraki 5 and Loay M. Gertallah 5 . 1. Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, 2. Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University. 3. Medical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University. 4. Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University. 5. General surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Toward the Accurate Modeling of DNA: The Importance of Long-Range Electrostatics

The relationship between DNA structure and function is fundamental to the understanding of biological processes. Currently, the most reliable source of biomolecular structural information comes from X-ray crystallographic data. Recent advances in theoretical modeling techniques have allowed molecular simulations to approach the accuracy obtainable from X-ray crystallography for proteins. We report the results of a 2.2 ns simulation of the B-DNA dodecamer d[CGCGAATTCGCG12 in a crystal unit cell, and demonstrate that, with rigorous accommodation of long-range forces, molecular simulation may be extended to provide atomic level accuracy of polynucleotide structures. Most of what is known about DNA structure has been derived from crystal structure analyses. A concern that has been expressed brings into question the degree to which the intrinsic structure of DNA is disrupted by the crystal lattice. It has been recently pointed out by Dickerson’ that lattice forces in DNA crystals are relatively weak, and that in fact these forces can be exploited to obtain useful information about DNA deformability. This notion strikes at the heart of a fundamental problem in structural biology: to understand the nature of DNA structure in the presence of environmental forces in vivo. A powerful theoretical technique for studying biomolecular structure is molecular simulation. The reliability of molecular simulation to the study of polynucleotide structure, however, has lagged behind that of proteins. This is largely because of the difficulty associated with accommodation of long-range electrostatic forces. In conventional macromolecular simulations, pairwise Coulomb interactions are evaluated using a finite cutoff to decrease computational effort. Ultimately, this truncation of the Coulomb potential leads to unrealistic behaviors2 The adverse effects of the cutoff methods are amplified in highly ionic systems such as DNA. In an attempt to circumvent these problems, artificial constructs are frequently introduced such as reduced phosphate charges on the nucleotide ba~kbone,~ modified Coulomb potentials in the form of distance dependent dielectric function^^,^ or switching function^,^,^ and distance restraints to enforce Watson-Crick hydrogen Perhaps the most studied DNA sequence both experimentally and theoretically is the dodecamer sequence d[CGCGAATTCGCG]2.8,9 Recent attempts to simulate the dodecamer in solution using full charges on the phosphates and explicit counterions to balance the charge led to structures that were