Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemotherapy

EVERYONE who is interested in chemotherapy should not fail to consult the British Medical Bulletin, No. 4, Vol. 4, 1946, the sub-title of which is “Background to Chemotherapy”. Introduced by a sketch of the history of chemotherapy by Dr. E. M. Lourie, this issue of the bulletin contains an article on the steps leading to the therapeutic application of microbial antagonism by Sir Howard Florey, one on the analysis of antibacterial action by Dr. H. Macllwain, and a valuable article on the nutrition of bacteria by Sir Paul Fildes. Dr. F. R. Selbie contributes an article on microbial resistance to chemo-therapeutic drugs, Prof. L. P. Garrod deals with the principles and practice of local chemotherapy, and Prof. J. H. Gaddum writes on the principles of administration in chemotherapy. Dr. C. H. Andrewes and Dr. Harold King have written a valuable article on the chemotherapy of the rickettsial and virus diseases.
Correlation Between Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) and Clinical Severity of Tuberculosis: A Hospital-Based Study

Aim: The main aim of this study was to assess the correlation between serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels the and clinical severity of tuberculosis. Methods: This was a hospital-based case-control prospective study and was conducted at the Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, a tertiary care hospital in the northern part of India, from May 2016 to May 2018. The subjects were recruited in the study considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients with pulmonary tuberculosis as well as patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis were included as subjects and a clinical severity score based on anemia, weight loss, presence of hypoxia, and radiological features was calculated and compared with TNF-α levels. Age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were recruited as controls. Results: A total of 75 subjects comprising 50 cases and 25 controls were taken for the study. There were 34 (68.0%) patients with elevated TNF-α levels while only 16 (32.0%) patients had normal TNF-α levels. And, TNF-α levels were normal in 21 (84%) control subjects as compared to tuberculosis (TB) patients. Such difference in serum TNF-α levels between cases and controls was statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean serum TNF-α level in TB cases was 1265.63 pg/mL, while the mean serum TNF-α level in controls was 312.06 pg/mL. The difference in serum TNF-α levels between the two groups was statistically significant (p<0.01). We observed a significant increase in serum TNF-α levels with the increase in clinical severity score. Conclusion: Serum TNF-α levels were significantly associated with increased severity of TB.
A Note on Linear Codes over Semigroup Rings

Abstract. In this paper, we introduced new construction techniques of BCH, alternant, Goppa, Srivastava codes through the semigroup ring B[X; 13Z0] instead of the polynomial ring B[X; Z0], where B is a finite commutative ring with identity, and for these constructions we improve the several results of [1]. After this, we present a decoding principle for BCH, alternant and Goppa codes which is based on modified Berlekamp-Massey algorithm. This algorithm corrects all errors up tothe Hamming weight t r/2, i.e., whose minimum Hamming distance is r + 1.
Lean-BIM Approach for Improving the Performance of a Construction Project in the Design Phase

Over the last decade, the construction industry has suffered from various issues affecting the planning processes, team management, and decision-making during the design phase. Today, the concepts of Lean construction and Building Information Modeling (BIM) overlap and bring solutions to all phases of a construction project. Numerous studies have shown that leveraging BIM data through Lean principles can significantly improve the overall management of a project. However, the literature is still limited to optimizing the design phase to anticipate any deviation before the start of the work. This article aims to provide an updated review of the interaction between BIM and Lean in the design phase. The study is based on a systematic review of 61 articles selected using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The obtained results allowed for the analysis of different Lean methods and tools that interact with BIM. Digitizing these methods and using them together is necessary to facilitate their application in a construction project. Finally, our study provides recommendations for researchers and professionals by identifying future scientific challenges.
Chemically reduced lithium niobate single crystals: Processing, properties and improved surface acoustic wave device fabrication and performance

Lithium niobate single-crystal wafers were chemically reduced using nitrogen/hydrogen atmospheres at a variety of temperatures between 350 and 750 °C. Reduced wafers were measured to have increased optical absorptivity and increased direct current (dc) electrical conductivity as a function of reduction-processing temperature. Absorptivity increases were measured larger than 1000×; conductivity could be increased by more than a factor of 105. Standard 78 MHz surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters were successfully fabricated using reduced wafers, and shown to have increased resistance to spurious pyroelectric charging effects during thermal cycling. The observed increases in optical absorptivity and dc electrical conductivity can also be expected to provide benefits for SAW device fabrication processing.
Spatio-temporal response of stochastic resonance in an excitable discharge plasma

Stochastic resonance is experimentally studied in a discharge plasma which is operated close to the threshold of ionization instability. It is shown that ionization wave-trains are excited by noise superimposed on the discharge current. There is a maximum signal-to-noise ratio at an optimum level of noise, indicating stochastic resonance. The corresponding spatio-temporal dynamics is investigated and it is shown that noise drives the stable discharge stochastically into the convectively unstable regime. This also reveals similarities to other physical system, for instance chemical waves.
Dissolution-driven convection in a reactive porous medium

The heating from above of an initially homogeneous layer of solid crystals, saturated liquid and glass ballotini (an inert matrix filler) is considered both experimentally and theoretically. The heat flux causes crystals at the top of the layer to dissolve, forming liquid which, being more concentrated and dense than the interstitial liquid below, drives convection in the lower layer. Mixing of this high-concentration liquid into the lower layer leads to precipitation, thereby releasing latent heat which raises the temperature of the lower layer. Dissolution of solid crystals from the top leaves behind a closely packed layer of glass ballotini overlain by a layer of clear liquid, both of which deepen with time. The initially homogeneous porous medium thus develops into a three-layer stratified system of (from the top): clear liquid; clear liquid with close-packed ballotini; and the evolved initial assemblage of solid crystals, ballotini and saturated liquid. Data from laboratory experiments compare well with analytical and numerical results from a one-dimensional theoretical model. The model is based on the concept that the heat supplied from above is used entirely for the dissolution of solid crystals at the upper boundary of the lower layer. The resulting compositional convection redistributes the dissolved salt uniformly throughout the lower layer, where it partly recrystallizes to restore chemical equilibrium. The crystallization and associated release of latent heat leads to a gradual and uniform increase of both the solid fraction and temperature of the lower layer. Some geological consequences of the model are presented in the concluding section.
Structured total least squares based on genetic algorithms

Structured rank-deficient matrices arise in many applications in signal processing. The inverse iteration algorithm was proposed to solve the so-called structured total least squares (STLS) problems. This algorithm, however, converges to local-minimum under certain conditions. It is well known that genetic algorithms are stochastic optimization techniques that can often outperform classical methods of optimization. Genetic algorithms was utilized here to get the better solution of the STLS problems. Computer simulations show that our method ensures convergence to global minimum.
Ectopic Pregnancy Observed With Kyleena Intrauterine Device Use: A Case Report

Kyleena (levonorgestrel 19.5 mg), a type of intrauterine device (IUD), has an efficacy rate of 99% in preventing pregnancy. Because the overall failure rate of IUDs is low, ectopic pregnancy (EP) with IUD use is uncommon. This case reports an EP observed in a female with the Kyleena IUD in place. She had no known risk factors for an EP, which makes this case noteworthy. Ultrasound and surgery confirmed a 4 cm EP in the ampulla of the left fallopian tube. Insufficient evidence exists to conclude whether the Kyleena IUD has a higher risk of EP compared to other hormonal IUDs. As the Kyleena IUD becomes a more popular option for women in search of an effective contraceptive, patients and clinicians should be aware of this potential risk. Our case emphasizes that continued research on the prevalence of EP with Kyleena use is necessary.
ASCERTAINING THE CORE COLLAPSE SUPERNOVA MECHANISM: The State of the Art and the Road Ahead

▪ Abstract More than four decades have elapsed since modeling of the core collapse supernova mechanism began in earnest. To date, the mechanism remains elusive, at least in detail, although significant progress has been made in understanding these multiscale, multiphysics events. One-, two-, and three-dimensional simulations of or relevant to core collapse supernovae have shown that (a) neutrino transport, (b) fluid instabilities, (c) rotation, and (d) magnetic fields, together with proper treatments of (e) the sub- and super- nuclear density stellar core equation of state, (f) the neutrino interactions, and (g) gravity are all important. The importance of these ingredients applies to both the explosion mechanism and to phenomena directly associated with the mechanism, such as neutron star kicks, supernova neutrino and gravitational wave emission, and supernova spectropolarimetry. Not surprisingly, current two- and three-dimensional models have yet to include (a)–(d) with sufficient realism. One-dimension.
Modeling of GaN optoelectronic devices and strain-induced piezoelectric effects

Modeling of nitride-based LEDs and laser diodes requires a fast modular tool for numerical simulation and analysis. It is required that the modeling tool reflects the primary physical processes of current injection, quantum well (QW) bound-state dynamics, QW capture, radiative, and nonradiative transitions. The model must also have the flexibility to incorporate secondary physical effects, such as induced piezoelectric strain fields due to lattice mismatch and spontaneous polarization fields. A 1-D model with a phenomenological well-capture process, similar to that developed by Tessler and Eisenstein, has been implemented. The radiative processes are calculated from first principles, and the material band structures are computed using k/spl middot/p theory. The model also features the incorporation of such effects as thermionic emission at heterojunctions. Shockley-Read-Hall recombination, piezoelectric strain fields, and self-consistent calculation of the QW bound states with dynamic device operation. The set of equations underlying the model is presented, with particular emphasis on the approximations used to achieve the previously stated goals. A sample structure is analyzed, and representative physical parameters are plotted. The model is then used to analyze the effects of incorporation of the strain-induced piezoelectric fields generated by lattice mismatch and the spontaneous polarization fields. It is shown that these built-in fields can accurately account for the blue-shift phenomena observed in a number of different GaN LEDs.
Is the degree of ionization always relevant for ambipolar diffusion in interstellar clouds

We reexamine the well-known result that ambipolar diffusion proceeds faster at smaller degrees of ionization. We conclude that, in interstellar clouds of moderate density, the degree of ionization is not relevant to ambipolar diffusion. In much denser clouds in which gravitational forces can dominate, the degree of ionization does not uniquely determine the rate at which ambipolar diffusion progresses; the specification of two additional dimensionless parameters is necessary. The underlying physics is discussed.
Model order reduction of structural dynamics of a very large optical telescope

Integrated modeling has become a standard tool for evaluating performance of optical telescopes for design optimization and controller development. The integrated model combines structural dynamics, optics and control systems into a single simulation which outputs optical metrics of the telescope under the action of disturbances. The latter include external loads on the telescope, such as wind, seismic or temperature loads, as well as control inputs, which are provided by the actuators of the telescope system. Structural dynamics is a central part of the integrated model and its accurate representation is essential for high fidelity simulation. Traditionally, a structural dynamics model is derived from finite element analysis of the telescope and it is prohibitively large in size for practical simulation. In this paper, we investigate the use of model order reduction (MOR) techniques to resolve this problem for a Very Large Optical Telescope (VLOT). We propose a practical two-step procedure for obtaining a reduced model of the telescope. The finite element model is first reduced by truncating modes above a certain eigenfrequency. Subsequently, this truncated model is further reduced by a suitable MOR method to retain the more relevant lower frequency modes. In this paper, we compare several MOR methods both in frequency and time domain. The reduced models’ dynamic characteristics are compared with the truncated model of the telescope system. Finally, delivered image quality predictions are compared for the reduced systems of VLOT subject to wind loading.
Transient ULF electric and magnetic fields following a lightning discharge

A lightning discharge is modeled as an impulse current from cloud to ground which instantaneously removes a quantity of charge from a charge center originally screened by a neutralizing space charge. The resulting time-dependent electric and magnetic fields at the ground and in the upper ionosphere are examined for a time interval that is long in comparison to the duration of a typical discharge but short in comparison to the relaxation time of the screening space charge. The calculations are carried out for a nominal nighttime ionosphere with an assumed exponential conductivity profile and with anisotropy taken into account. First, analytic approximations are obtained for the various ULF transfer functions of the medium throughout the entire altitude range between the ground and the upper ionosphere. The transfer functions are then used to obtain analytic expressions for the ULF component of the time-dependent fields produced by the assumed source. At the ground the fields result from electric relaxation of the ionosphere and persist for times of a few seconds. The decay time of the electric field at the ground decreases with increasing distance from the source. The time dependence of the fields can be explained on the basis of a simple variable capacitor model of the medium. In the upper ionosphere there is an outgoing hydromagnetic pulse which arises from a resonant excitation of the ionosphere by the low-frequency components of the discharge itself. The duration of the pulse seems too short to excite geomagnetic pulsations in the magnetosphere.
Weather and Equatorial Waves Over Southeast Asia During the Summer Monsoon

Abstract Analysis of wind, pressure and cloudiness patterns shows that the weather of Southeast Asia during the southwest monsoon relates best to westward-moving equatorial waves. These waves are basically the same as those found over the western Pacific by other investigators although they are often not perceived without special analysis as they move through the vigorous monsoonal circulation. They are characterized by average wavelength of 3100 km, average period of 5½ days or speed of 6.5 m sec−1, a deep cool center from the surface to about the 300-mb level, and a deep band of convergence and cloudiness which feeds into the center from the southwest and south. Relatively good weather with lower amounts of cloudiness and areal precipitation coverage is normally found in the area of synoptic-scale subsidence between waves.
Open-flow mixing: Experimental evidence for strange eigenmodes

We investigate experimentally the mixing dynamics of a blob of dye in a channel flow with a finite stirring region undergoing chaotic advection. We study the homogenization of dye in two variants of an eggbeater stirring protocol that differ in the extent of their mixing region. In the first case, the mixing region is separated from the sidewalls of the channel, while in the second it extends to the walls. For the first case, we observe the onset of a permanent concentration pattern that repeats over time with decaying intensity. A quantitative analysis of the concentration field of dye confirms the convergence to a self-similar pattern, akin to the strange eigenmodes previously observed in closed flows. We model this phenomenon using an idealized map, where an analysis of the mixing dynamics explains the convergence to an eigenmode. In contrast, for the second case the presence of no-slip walls and separation points on the frontier of the mixing region leads to non-self-similar mixing dynamics.
Perceived Risk, Perceived Functional Benefit, dan Kepuasan sebagai Penentu Intensi Berkelanjutan Wajib Pajak Menggunakan e-filing

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji dampak perceived functional benefit sebagai mediasi dalam pengaruh penggunaan e-filing terhadap kepuasan dan intensi berkelanjutan wajib pajak. Pengujian moderasi juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kuat dan lemahnya perceived risk dalam hubungan e-filing dan kepuasan wajib pajak. Responden penelitian adalah wajib pajak orang pribadi yang telah menggunakan e-filing. Jumlah responden penelitian adalah 220 wajib pajak orang pribadi. Alat menguji hipotesis menggunakan Wrap-PLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua variabel yang diuji secara langsung yaitu e-filing, perceived functional benefit menunjukkn pengaruh sigfnifikan terhadap kepuasan dan intensi keberlanjutan wajib pajak menggunakan e-filing dalam jangka panjang. Uji variabel mediasi menunjukkan bahwa perceived functional benefit dan kepuasan wajib pajak dapat memediasi. Artinya, pengunaan e-filing yang makin tinggi dapat meningkatkan manfaat yang dirasakan wajib pajak sehingga meningkatkan niat berkelanjutan wajib pajak menggunakan e-filing. Faktor moderator, yaitu perceived risk tidak menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan untuk menguatkan atau melemahkan hubungan antara e-filing dan kepuasan wajib pajak. Penelitian menegaskan bahwa pemerintah perlu meningkatkan kapasitas sistem online tidak hanya memfokuskan pada kemudahan penggunaan e-filing, namun juga manfaat fungsional yang diharapkan yaitu, efisiensi biaya dan waktu dan efektivitas dalam menyelesaikan kewajiban perpajakan, dan kemudahan aksesibilitas.
A microvolumetric blood counter/sampler for metabolic PET studies in small animals

Quantitative metabolic imaging in small animals with positron emission tomography (PET) requires the determination of the tracer concentration in whole blood, arterial plasma and metabolites as a function of time. A blood counting and sampling system was designed to simultaneously measure the time-activity curve as microvolumes of blood are collected. The system consists of a flow-through counter made of a plastic scintillator to detect positrons and of a computer-controlled blood sampler based on the concept of bubble segmentation. The number and size of samples, the withdrawal speed and the sampling time are programmable and can be modified on-line. Samples as small as 10 /spl mu/l can be repetitively obtained from an implanted arterial catheter in the femoral vein or artery of small rats (150 g) or the jugular vein of mice (20 g). For medium sampling speed (100 /spl mu/l/min) at a constant rate, the standard deviation of the sample activity is typically less than 1%. By cutting the tubing at the bubbles at the end of the experiment, samples are made available for further processing and biochemical analysis. This apparatus has become an essential tool for quantitative animal PET studies, allowing easy, reliable sampling at a low cost.
Time‐dependent solutions of viscous incompressible flows in moving co‐ordinates

A time-accurate solution method for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in generalized moving coordinates is presented. A finite volume discretization method that satisfies the geometric conservation laws for time-varying computational cells is used. The discrete equations are solved by a fractional step solution procedure. The solution is second-order-accurate in space and first-order-accurate in time. The pressure and the volume fluxes are chosen as the unknowns to facilitate the formulation of a consistent Poisson equation and thus to obtain a robust Poisson solver with favourable convergence properties. The method is validated by comparing the solutions with other numerical and experimental results. Good agreement is obtained in all cases.
Robust High Order Sliding Mode Optimization for Linear Time Variant Systems

Abstract This paper studies the problem of higher order singular linear quadratic optimization for Linear Time Variant Systems affected by some sort of uncertainties. It is shown the natural connection between the order of singularity of the time varying quadratic cost and the order of Sliding Mode. An integral high order sliding mode is proposed to reach the corresponding higher order singular time varying optimal manifold in prescribed time. The transformation to the phase-variable form for the Linear Time Variant Systems becomes the key step solve the problem and the proposed solution provides insensitvity of trajectory w.r. t. matched bounded perturbation.