Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elevated fluid pressure and fault zone dilation inferred from seismic models of the northern Barbados Ridge decollement

In 1992, a large volume of three-dimensional seismic reflection data were acquired in a 5 × 25 km area across the toe of the Barbados accretionary complex that covers the Deep Sea Drilling Project leg 78A and Ocean Drilling Program legs 110 and 156 drilling sites. These data are used to examine the acoustic character of the decollement seismic reflection and to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize fluid pressures within the fault zone. Seismic models have been constructed across a 6-km region of the decollement, where it has been mapped as a moderate to bright polarity-reversed reflection. The models show that this segment of the decollement reflection is caused by a low-velocity interval, usually 12–16 m thick. The top of the low-velocity interval appears to be a sharp boundary that requires a decrease in velocity from 1.8 km/s to between 1.7 and 1.65 km/s, with some localized bright reflections with an even lower velocity of 1.6 km/s. The base of the low-velocity layer is less certain from modeling. The base consists of either a velocity increase that is usually approximately half the velocity contrast at the top of the layer, or the velocity increase is equal to the contrast at the top of the layer but distributed over a 10-m-thick interval. Comparison of these results to laboratory experiments on the relationship between fluid pressure and seismic velocity indicates that in this interval of the decollement, fluid pressure is at or near lithostatic. Furthermore, the reflection coefficients of the decollement are sufficiently large that some dilation of the fault zone is required. The dilation should lead to high fracture zone permeability and explain the observation of a laterally consistent decollement reflection along a 5-km segment of the decollement. It is within these segments of the fault that fluid pressure approaches lithostatic and significantly reduces fault strength.
The Potential Effects of Climate Change on the Productivity of U.S. Dairies

Climate change could affect the costs and returns of livestock production by altering the thermal environment of animals thereby affecting animal health, reproduction, and the efficiency by which livestock convert feed into retained products (especially meat and milk). In the United States, concentrated livestock operations are located in a variety of climatic regions, suggesting that the industry could adapt to future changes in temperature and weather patterns resulting from global warming. However, this adaption could be costly. We use nationally representative data on dairy producers coupled with finely-scaled climate data to empirically examine how producers’ costs, returns, and production systems vary across U.S. regions as a function of the local climate.
The Spitzer Space Telescope Mission

The Spitzer Space Telescope, NASA's Great Observatory for infrared astronomy, was launched 2003 August 25 and is returning excellent scientific data from its Earth-trailing solar orbit. Spitzer combines the intrinsic sensitivity achievable with a cryogenic telescope in space with the great imaging and spectroscopic power of modern detector arrays to provide the user community with huge gains in capability for exploration of the cosmos in the infrared. The observatory systems are largely performing as expected, and the projected cryogenic lifetime is in excess of 5 years. This paper summarizes the on-orbit scientific, technical, and operational performance of Spitzer. Subsequent papers in this special issue describe the Spitzer instruments in detail and highlight many of the exciting scientific results obtained during the first 6 months of the Spitzer mission.
Evolutionary Sequences for Low- and Intermediate-Mass X-Ray Binaries

We present the results of a systematic study of the evolution of low- and intermediate-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs and IMXBs). Using a standard Henyey-type stellar evolution code and a standard model for binary interactions, we have calculated 100 binary evolution sequences containing a neutron star and a normal-type companion star, where the initial mass of the secondary ranges from 0.6 to 7 M☉ and the initial orbital period from ~4 hr to ~100 days. This range samples the entire range of parameters one is likely to encounter for LMXBs and IMXBs. The sequences show an enormous variety of evolutionary histories and outcomes, where different mass transfer mechanisms dominate in different phases. Very few sequences resemble the classical evolution of cataclysmic variables, where the evolution is driven by magnetic braking and gravitational radiation alone. Many systems experience a phase of mass transfer on a thermal timescale and may briefly become detached immediately after this phase (for the more massive secondaries). In agreement with previous results (Tauris & Savonije 1999), we find that all sequences with (sub)giant donors up to ~2 M☉ are stable against dynamical mass transfer. Sequences where the secondary has a radiative envelope are stable against dynamical mass transfer for initial masses up to ~4 M☉. For higher initial masses, they experience a delayed dynamical instability after a stable phase of mass transfer lasting up to ~106 yr. Systems where the initial orbital period is just below the bifurcation period of ~18 hr evolve toward extremely short orbital periods (as short as ~10 minutes). For a 1 M☉ secondary, the initial period range that leads to the formation of ultracompact systems (with minimum periods less than ~40 minutes) is 13-18 hr. Since systems that start mass transfer in this period range are naturally produced as a result of tidal capture, this may explain the large fraction of ultracompact LMXBs observed in globular clusters. The implications of this study for our understanding of the population of X-ray binaries and the formation of millisecond pulsars are also discussed.
Tumbas y plantas antiguas del suroccidente colombiano

Desde la arqueobotanica se presenta la identificacion taxonomica e interpretacion arqueologica de vestigios botanicos contenidos en un sarcofago de madera datado entre 700 A.P. y 1310 A.P., procedente de una tumba del periodo Sonso, en la region Calima del suroccidente colombiano. Entre las especies identificadas asociadas a cultivos y frutales, utilizadas como ofrenda funeraria, se encuentran semillas de algodon, achiote, maiz, frijol comun, aji, guayaba y granadilla. Otro conjunto de plantas (hierbas) presentes en este contexto funerario, pero esta vez asociadas a elementos propios del conjunto mortuorio, son hojas de musgo y fragmentos de tallo de guadua o bambu
The HPV-TP53-MALAT1 Axis: Unravelling interactions in cervical cancer development

Introduction Cervical cancer, primarily driven by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, stands as a substantial global health challenge. The TP53 gene’s, Arg72Pro polymorphism has emerged as a noteworthy player in cervical cancer development, particularly among individuals harboring high-risk (HR) HPV types. Additionally, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), exemplified by metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), exert critical roles in cancer biology. This study delves into unravelling the intricate connections linking HPV infection, TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism, and MALAT1 expression in the context of cervical cancer. Materials and methods Within a cohort of cervical cancer patients, we discerned HPV infection statuses, executed genotyping for the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism, and quantified MALAT1 expression through quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Statistical analyses meticulously probed relationships intertwining HPV infection, TP53 polymorphism, and MALAT1 expression. Findings Our investigation revealed a striking prevalence of the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism among HPV-positive subjects, accompanied by a robust and statistically significant correlation linking MALAT1 overexpression (p<0.01) and HR-HPV positivity (p<0.03). Importantly, a subset of MALAT1 overexpression cases unveiled a concomitant TP53 Pro72Pro polymorphism. In contrast, HPV-negative invasive cervical carcinoma samples exhibited no discernible shifts in MALAT1 expression. Conclusion The contours of our findings sketch a compelling landscape wherein HR-HPV infection, TP53 polymorphism, and MALAT1 expression intertwine significantly in cervical cancer. The voyage ahead entails delving deeper into molecular underpinnings to decipher MALAT1’s nuanced role and its dance with TP53 within HPV-associated cervical carcinogenesis. This expedition promises insights that may engender targeted therapeutic interventions and bespoke prognostic markers, tailored to the realm of HR-HPV-related cervical cancer.
Equivalent ionospheric current systems representing solar daily variations of the polar geomagnetic field

Equivalent ionospheric current systems of the lunar daily geomagnetic variations at both high and mid-low latitudes during a solar active period are estimated from geomagnetic data for three seasons and the yearly average. Clear convective curents at high latitudes are found in addition to the well-known mid-low latitude current system. Field-aligned electric currents as well as the wind dynamo effects which produce the obtained electric current systems for the semidiurnal variation are examined. It is concluded that the wind dynamo plays a basic role in producing the current system at high latitudes, since lunar effects on the field-aligned current distribution are difficult to explain.
The effects of fire on soil hydrologic properties and sediment fluxes in chaparral steeplands, southern California

Fire is a major disturbance event in southwestern ecosystems. A prescribed burn in the San Dimas Experimental Forest provided an opportunity to quantify the effects of fire on soil hydrologic properties and sediment fluxes in chaparral-covered steeplands. Located in the San Gabriel Mountains about 50 km northeast of Los Angeles, a 1.28 ha watershed was instrumented with hillslope sediment collectors and a debris basin. Sediment fluxes were measured for seven years prior to the fire and through the first post-fire winter. Soil samples taken just before and after the fire were analyzed for bulk density, texture, and moisture content. Soil non-wettability was determined pre- and post-fire at the same 105 locations using the water drop penetration test. Post-fire soils were denser, coarser, and much drier than prior to the burn. Although extremely variable, non-wettability generally increased after the fire. Post-fire hillslope erosion was twice as great as pre-burn levels during the dry season and increased by 10-fold in the wet season, despite a record drought year. Post-fire sediment yield was 20 times greater than the unburned annual average. We believe the fire-induced changes in soil properties coupled with reduced ground cover caused an increase in surface runoff that accounts for the large increases in post-fire sediment fluxes.
Carbon budget of different forests in China estimated by an individual-based model and remote sensing

Forests play a key role in the regional or global carbon cycle. Determining the forest carbon budget is of great significance for estimating regional carbon budgets and formulating forest management policies to cope with climate change. However, the carbon budget of Chinese different forests and their relative contributions are not completely clear so far. We evaluated the carbon budget of different forests from 1981 to 2020 in China through combining model with remote sensing observation. In addition, we also determined the relative contribution of carbon budget of each forest type to all forests in China. Eight forest types were studied: evergreen coniferous forest (ECF), deciduous coniferous forest (DCF), coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (CBF), deciduous broad-leaved forest (DBF), evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBF), evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest (EDBF), seasonal rain forest (SRF), and rain forest (RF). The results indicated that the Chinese forests were mainly carbon sink from 1981 to 2020, particularly the annual average carbon budget of forest from 2011 to 2020 was 0.191 PgC·a-1. Spatially, the forests’ carbon budget demonstrated obvious regional differences, gradually decreasing from Southeast China to Northwest China. The relative contributions of carbon budget in different forests to all forests in China were different. During 2011–2020, the ECF forests contributed the most carbon budget (34.45%), followed by DBF forests (25.89%), EBF forests (24.82%), EDBF forests (13.10%), RF forests (2.23%), SRF forests (3.14%) and CBF forests (1.14%). However, the DCF forests were found mainly as carbon source. These results contribute to our understanding of regional carbon budget of forests.
Validation of central peak height method for final adult height predictions on long leg radiographs

Aims Accurate skeletal age and final adult height prediction methods in paediatric orthopaedics are crucial for determining optimal timing of growth-guiding interventions and minimizing complications in treatments of various conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of final adult height predictions using the central peak height (CPH) method with long leg X-rays and four different multiplier tables. Methods This study included 31 patients who underwent temporary hemiepiphysiodesis for varus or valgus deformity of the leg between 2014 and 2020. The skeletal age at surgical intervention was evaluated using the CPH method with long leg radiographs. The true final adult height (FHTRUE) was determined when the growth plates were closed. The final height prediction accuracy of four different multiplier tables (1. Bayley and Pinneau; 2. Paley et al; 3. Sanders – Greulich and Pyle (SGP); and 4. Sanders – peak height velocity (PHV)) was then compared using either skeletal age or chronological age. Results All final adult height predictions overestimated the FHTRUE, with the SGP multiplier table having the lowest overestimation and lowest absolute deviation when using both chronological age and skeletal age. There were no significant differences in final height prediction accuracy between using skeletal age and chronological age with PHV (p = 0.652) or SGP multiplier tables (p = 0.969). Adult height predictions with chronological age and SGP (r = 0.769; p ≤ 0.001), as well as chronological age and PHV (r = 0.822; p ≤ 0.001), showed higher correlations with FHTRUE than predictions with skeletal age and SGP (r = 0.657; p ≤ 0.001) or skeletal age and PHV (r = 0.707; p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion There was no significant improvement in adult height prediction accuracy when using the CPH method compared to chronological age alone. The study concludes that there is no advantage in routinely using the CPH method for skeletal age determination over the simple use of chronological age. The findings highlight the need for more accurate methods to predict final adult height in contemporary patient populations. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(10):750–757.
Automated Provision of Navigation Assistance to Drivers

Advancing computer technology has made possible automated navigation aids for drivers. These aids are supported by sufficient positioning and data storage technology. The most crucial component of these systems, the user interface, is also the least understood. Few cartographers have anticipated and concerned themselves with the unique design demands of information display in this environment. Several questions about the suitability of current user interfaces are raised and future research needs identified.
Range and azimuth resolution enhancement for 94 GHz real-beam radar

In this paper, two-dimensional (2D) (range and azimuth) resolution enhancement is investigated for millimeter wave (mmW) real-beam radar (RBR) with linear or non-linear antenna scan in the azimuth dimension. We design a new architecture of super resolution processing, in which a dual-mode approach is used for defining region of interest for 2D resolution enhancement and a combined approach is deployed for obtaining accurate location and amplitude estimations of targets within the region of interest. To achieve 2D resolution enhancement, we first adopt the Capon Beamformer (CB) approach (also known as the minimum variance method (MVM)) to enhance range resolution. A generalized CB (GCB) approach is then applied to azimuth dimension for azimuth resolution enhancement. The GCB approach does not rely on whether the azimuth sampling is even or not and thus can be used in both linear and non-linear antenna scanning modes. The effectiveness of the resolution enhancement is demonstrated by using both simulation and test data. The results of using a 94 GHz real-beam frequency modulation continuous wave (FMCW) radar data show that the overall image quality is significantly improved per visual evaluation and comparison with respect to the original real-beam radar image.
Dietary and Nutritional Supplementation for Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: A Narrative Review

Abstract Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a serious and very common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). It negatively affects the quality of life, increases morbidity and poses a financial burden on the health care system. Currently, treatment of PDN focuses on glycaemic control, while pathogenesis-oriented therapy has not yielded satisfactory results. The need to improve therapy remains. There is accumulating evidence on the potential benefit of nutritional interventions. This narrative review aims to examine the potential benefit of dietary and nutritional supplementation for PDN management. According to the preliminary research, supplementation with vitamin E, B-complex, omega-3 fatty acids, CoQ10 or N-acetylcysteine seems to be associated with promising results in improving PDN symptoms.
Sightings of southern right whales, Eubalaena australis , off Uruguay

The southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) is a migratory species exclusively distributed in the Southern Hemisphere and generally observed between 20o and 60o S (Cummings, 1985). During summer, individuals can be found at feeding areas in high latitudes. In early winter, migrations are bound to medium and low latitudes where reproduction and birth take place (Whitehead et al., 1986; Payne et al., 1990). The population of southern right whales was depleted between the 18th and 19th centuries by the whaling industry (IWC, 2001). According to Bannister (1990, 2001), Cooke et al. (2001), Best et al. (2001) and Groch et al. (2005), the southern right whale populations are currently recovering. In 1789 a whaling factory was established in Punta del Este (Maldonado, Uruguay) by the Real Compañía Marítima (Acosta y Lara, 1987). Few records are available on the number of captured whales, since the warehouses and offices of The Real Compañía were burned down in 1806, during the British Invasions. During the year when the company was founded (1789), four whales were caught. In 1791, 30 whales were captured and in 1795, 20 were caught in Maldonado Bay. A permit to catch whales in Maldonado Bay was granted to a British whaler in 1823, but there are no records on the actual number of captures (Acosta y Lara, 1987). Although capture records are not complete, historic accounts suggest the existence of an important number of whales in Uruguayan waters during commercial exploitation (Díaz de Guerra, 2003). Prior to 1972, records of southern right whales were rare and the species was not included in the Uruguayan mammal sistematic list (Ximenez et al., 1972). Since 1975, opportunistic records of southern right whales have been made off Uruguay (Mermoz, 1980; García, 2000). During the last 10 years, public interest in these cetaceans has grown and reports on sightings have become more frequent. However, we still know little about this species in Uruguay due to the lack of systematic studies. Opportunistic sightings during the 1975-1990 period were made. A network of observers, distributed in eight points along the Uruguayan coast was constituted, covering an extension of 350km of the La Plata river and the Atlantic Ocean (Figure 1). During the 2001-2003 period, between August and November, 18 land-based surveys were carried out from nine fixed points. Sighting points were distributed along 220 km (Figure 1) and they were selected because of their appropriate height, providing good visibility. Their height varied form 10 meters at the smaller sand dunes, 30 meters at the lighthouses to 50 meters at the tallest sand dunes. Scannings with binoculars were done every 30 minutes, with duration of 10 minutes each, from the nine fixed points simultaneously, to assess the presence of the whales in the study area. Each sampling was made between 09:00 a.m. and 05:00 p.m. in one day after a 15-day period. The
Caribbean sea surface temperatures: Two‐to‐three degrees cooler than present during the Little Ice Age

We determined the seasonal environmental conditions during the Little Ice Age (LIA) by interpreting isotope proxies in the coral skeleton of Montastrea faveolata from the northeast Caribbean. The oxygen isotope composition was determined for three time intervals during the LIA (1700–1705, 1780–1785, 1810–1815), thought to correspond to the coldest intervals. The period 1984–1989 was used to represent modern calibration conditions. We determined that SSTs from the LIA intervals are nearly 2–3°C cooler than present. LIA cooling in the Caribbean may have resulted from regional oceanic and atmospheric circulation differences, especially in winter. We propose that a trough of cold air from the north Atlantic may have extended farther south than present, into the northern Caribbean. Although there are indications from Pacific corals that seasonality was greater during the LIA, this does not seem to be the case for the Caribbean.
Associations of Delirium to Posthospital Outcomes After Acute Stroke: A Scoping Review

ABSTRACT Background: Delirium is a common and distressing manifestation of acute brain dysfunction that is associated with poor outcomes in various critically ill patient populations. Although patients with acute stroke experience delirium, understanding of delirium in this population is limited. The purpose of this scoping review is to describe existing evidence about delirium and associations with posthospital outcomes after acute stroke. Methods: Arksey and O'Malley's 5-stage framework was used to perform a scoping review. PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE electronic databases were searched. Outcome domains of interest included mortality, cognitive function, physical function, mental health, and quality of life. Full-text, peer-reviewed articles with adult stroke sample populations (acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage) were included. Results: Nineteen articles, involving 5611 unique patients, were included. Most sample populations included patients with either acute ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage. Heterogeneous research aims, methods, and outcome measures limit the ability to compare specific findings across studies. However, included studies suggest higher mortality at 12 months, worse cognition, and greater functional impairment in patients who have experienced acute stroke and delirium. Limited information regarding associations of delirium with posthospital mental health outcomes and quality of life precluded the ability to analyze these relationships and warrants further investigation. Conclusion: This review suggests concerning findings about associations of delirium to posthospital outcomes after acute stroke. Better characterization of delirium after acute stroke and analysis of its impact on long-term outcomes are needed.