Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association between poor sleep for infants to two years and subsequent mental health symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Sleep plays a complex bidirectional role in the life span of most mental health illness. How soon poor sleep becomes an indicator of future mental illness is unknown. Infant sleep is a complex concept which can impact greatly on both baby and family well-being. Thus, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate whether poor infant sleep to age two is associated with future mental health symptoms. A systematic search of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Cochrane was conducted, using PRISMA guidelines. The search resulted in 17 articles to include in this review. A combined adjusted odds ratios of 1.65 (95% CI = 1.34, 2.05) for infant sleep problems leading to subsequent mental health symptoms resulted. A variety of outcome measures for both poor infant sleep and mental health symptoms/diagnosis were used, limiting the generalisability of results. Poor sleep in infancy should be considered one of many risk factors for future mental health disorder signifying the importance of early intervention.
Loss of height predicts total and cardiovascular mortality: a cohort study of northern European women

Objective To examine height changes in middle-aged northern European women in relation to overall and cardiovascular mortality. Design Population-based cohort studies with longitudinally measured heights and register-based mortality. Setting Sweden and Denmark. Participants Population-based samples of 2406 Swedish and Danish women born on selected years in 1908–1952, recruited to baseline examinations at ages 30–60, and re-examined 10–13 years later. Main outcome measure Total and cardiovascular disease (CVD) specific mortality during 17–19 years of follow-up after last height measure. Results For each 1 cm height loss during 10–13 years, the HR (95% CI) for total mortality was 1.14 (1.05 to 1.23) in Swedish women and 1.21 (1.09 to 1.35) in Danish women, independent of key covariates. Low height and high leisure time physical activity at baseline were protective of height loss, independent of age. Considering total mortality, the HR for major height loss, defined as height loss greater than 2 cm, were 1.74 (1.32 to 2.29) in Swedish women and 1.80 (1.27 to 2.54) in Danish women. Pooled analyses indicated that height loss was monotonically associated with an increased mortality, confirming a significant effect above 2 cm height loss. For cause-specific mortality, major height loss was associated with a HR of 2.31 (1.09 to 4.87) for stroke mortality, 2.14 (1.47 to 3.12) for total CVD mortality and 1.71 (1.28 to 2.29) for mortality due to causes other than CVD. Conclusion Height loss is a marker for excess mortality in northern European women. Specifically the hazard of CVD mortality is increased in women with height loss during middle age, and the results suggest that the strongest cause-specific endpoint may be stroke mortality. The present findings suggest attention to height loss in early and mid-adulthood to identify women at high risk of CVD, and that regular physical activity may prevent early onset height loss.
Immediate stress alters social and object interaction and recognition memory in nearly isogenic rat strains with differing stress reactivity

Abstract Stress prior to learning and recall is known to affect both processes depending on the learning paradigm, the sex of the animal, and their reactivity to stress. Male and female animals of the inbred Wistar-Kyoto More Immobile (WMI) and Less Immobile (WLI) strains were tested in the modified novel object and spatial recognition paradigm and in the social interaction-recognition paradigm immediately after a 30 min restraint stress. The WMI strain shows enhanced stress reactivity compared to its near isogenic WLI control and thus, represents a genetically stress-susceptible rodent model. Without stress, there were no strain differences in social or object recognition, but there were sex differences in both types of investigation. Immediate stress generally increased object investigation, but decreased social interaction in all groups, except the WMI males, who exhibited increased aggression toward the juveniles. While stress increased plasma corticosterone and decreased testosterone levels in WLI males as expected, it increased testosterone in the aggressive WMI males, despite elevated levels of corticosterone. Stress generally decreased recognition, except the spatial recognition of WMI females, which paradoxically improved after stress. The strain-specific effects of immediate stress indicate that stress unlocks the vulnerability encoded by the stable genetic differences between WLIs and WMIs to result in the observed phenotypes.
Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering BIOMASS PYROLYSIS KINETICS : A REVIEW OF MOLECULAR-SCALE MODELING CONTRIBUTIONS

Decades of classical research on pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass has not yet produced a generalized formalism for design and prediction of reactor performance. Plagued by the limitations of experimental techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and extremely fast heating rates and low residence times to achieve high conversion to useful liquid products, researchers are now turning to molecular modeling to gain insights. This contribution briefly summarizes prior reviews along the historical path towards kinetic modeling of biomass pyrolysis and focusses on the more recent work on molecular modeling and the associated experimental efforts to validate model predictions. Clearly a new era of molecular-scale modelingdriven inquiry is beginning to shape the research landscape and influence the description of how cellulose and associated hemicellulose and lignin depolymerize to form the many hundreds of potential products of pyrolysis.
When Can the Elastic Properties of Simple Liquids Be Probed Using High-Frequency Nanoparticle Vibrations?

Recent measurements on the gigahertz vibration of nanoparticles immersed in simple liquids, such as glycerol, show that the liquid’s viscoelastic properties can significantly affect the nanoparticle’s mechanical response. Here, we theoretically explore the high-frequency (elastic) limit of this phenomenon where the characteristic time scale for molecular relaxation in the liquid far exceeds the nanoparticle’s vibration period. Paradoxically, we find that the effects of liquid elasticity (and viscosity) may not be visible in the nanoparticle’s dynamic response in this high-frequency elastic limit—the response being identical to that of a macroscopic resonator in an inviscid fluid. A comprehensive mechanistic study reveals that the conditions for this unusual behavior are strongly dependent on the nanoparticle’s vibration mode and the liquid’s properties. A judicious choice of vibration mode is essential for interrogating the viscoelastic properties of simple liquids. Our findings explain recent measurement.
An integrated theory of deciding and acting.

This article presents a theory in which motor execution in perceptual decision-making tasks is determined by the same evolving decision variable that drives response time. The theory builds upon recent insights from the neuroscience of decision-making and motor control. It is formalized as an extension of Ratcliff's diffusion model, and assumes that two thresholds operate on the evidence accumulation decision variable. The first threshold, referred to as electromyographic (EMG) threshold, marks the onset of electrical activity in the response-relevant muscle and the beginning of force production. The second threshold corresponds to the response. The theory makes several benchmark predictions. Notably, the mean duration of motor execution, as quantified by the mean latency between EMG onset and the response, should depend on the rate of evidence accumulation, and should thus increase as the perceptual difficulty of the task increases. We tested these predictions in a paradigmatic perceptual decision-making task, the random dot motion task, and recorded the EMG activity of response-relevant muscles. The behavioral and EMG data provide very strong evidence for each prediction. A final quantitative evaluation of the model showed good fits to these data. The theory resolves conflicting findings in the fields of mathematical psychology, motor control, and decision neurosciences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Endophytic Streptomyces hygroscopicus OsiSh-2-Mediated Balancing between Growth and Disease Resistance in Host Rice

Under disease stress, activation of defense response in plants often comes with the cost of a reduction in growth and yield, which is referred as the growth-defense trade-off. The microorganisms which can be recruited by plants to mitigate the growth-defense trade-off are of great value in crop breeding. ABSTRACT Plants fine-tune the growth-defense trade-off to survive when facing pathogens. Meanwhile, plant-associated microbes, such as the endophytes inside plant tissues, can benefit plant growth and stress resilience. However, the mechanisms for the beneficial microbes to increase stress resistance with little yield penalty in host plants remain poorly understood. In the present study, we report that endophytic Streptomyces hygroscopicus OsiSh-2 can form a sophisticated interaction with host rice, maintaining cellular homeostasis under pathogen-infection stress, and optimize plant growth and disease resistance in rice. Four-year field trials consistently showed that OsiSh-2 could boost host resistance to rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae while still maintaining a high yield. The integration of the proteomic, physiological, and transcriptional profiling analysis revealed that OsiSh-2 induced rice defense priming and controlled the expression of energy-consuming defense-related proteins, thus increasing the defense capability with the minimized costs of plant immunity. Meanwhile, OsiSh-2 improved the chloroplast development and optimally maintained the expression of proteins related to plant growth under pathogen stress, thus promoting the crop yield. Our results provided a representative example of an endophyte-mediated modulation of disease resistance and fitness in the host plant. The multilayer effects of OsiSh-2 implicate a promising future of using endophytic actinobacteria for disease control and crop yield promotion. IMPORTANCE Under disease stress, activation of defense response in plants often comes with the cost of a reduction in growth and yield, which is referred as the growth-defense trade-off. The microorganisms which can be recruited by plants to mitigate the growth-defense trade-off are of great value in crop breeding. Here, we reported a rice endophytic actinomycetes Streptomyces hygroscopicus OsiSh-2, which can improve host performances on resistance to rice blast while still sustaining high yield in the 4-year field trials. The proteomic, physiological, and transcriptional profiling data offer insights into the molecular basis underlying the balancing between defense and growth in OsiSh-2-rice symbiont. The findings provide an example for the endophyte-mediated modulation of growth-defense trade-offs in plants and indicated the promising application of endophytic actinobacterial strains in agriculture to breed “microbe-optimized crops. ”
Cuban history of CRF19 recombinant subtype of HIV-1

CRF19 is a recombinant form of HIV-1 subtypes D, A1 and G, which was first sampled in Cuba in 1999, but was already present there in 1980s. CRF19 was reported almost uniquely in Cuba, where it accounts for ~25% of new HIV-positive patients and causes rapid progression to AIDS (~ 3 years). We analyzed a large data set comprising ~ 350 pol and env sequences sampled in Cuba over the last 15 years and ~ 350 from Los Alamos database. This data set contained both CRF19 (~ 315), and A1, D and G sequences. We performed and combined analyses for the three A1, G and D regions, using fast maximum likelihood approaches, including: (1) phylogeny reconstruction, (2) spatio-temporal analysis of the virus spread, and ancestral character reconstruction for (3) transmission mode and (4) drug resistance mutations (DRMs). This allowed us to acquire new insights on the CRF19 origin and transmission patterns. We showed that CRF19 recombined between 1966 and 1977, most likely in Cuban community stationed in Congo region. We further investigated CRF19 spread on the Cuban province level, and discovered that the epidemic started in 1970s, most probably in Villa Clara, that it was at first carried by heterosexual transmissions, and then quickly spread in the 1980s within the “men having sex with men” (MSM) community, with multiple transmissions back to heterosexuals. The analysis of the transmission patterns of common DRMs showed mostly acquired drug resistance rather than transmitted one. Our results show a very early introduction of CRF19 in Cuba, which could explain its local epidemiological success. Ignited by a major founder event, the epidemic then followed a similar pattern as other subtypes and CRFs in Cuba. The reason for the short time to AIDS remains to be understood and requires specific surveillance, in Cuba and elsewhere. Author summary CRF19 is a recombinant form of HIV-1, which causes rapid progression to AIDS (~ 3 years versus 5 – 10 years for other subtypes and CRFs). CRF19 is reported almost uniquely in Cuba, where it is highly prevalent (~ 25%) among newly detected HIV-1 patients. In this study, we found that CRF19 most likely recombined around the 1970s in the Cuban community that was stationed in Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola at that time. It was introduced very early into the Cuban province of Villa Clara, from where it had several introductions to La Habana in the 1980s and then further spread to other Cuban provinces. The CRF19 epidemic most probably started with heterosexual transmissions, followed in the 1980s by multiple introductions into “men having sex with men” (MSM) community, followed by multiple transmissions back to heterosexuals (often females). The early introduction of CRF19 into Cuba most likely explains its success, not observed in other parts of the world. However, importantly, its rapid progression to AIDS makes it crucial to survey CRF19 sub-epidemics not only in Cuba, but also in other parts of the world having regular exchanges with Cuba.
Detection and Characterization of VIM-52, a New Variant of VIM-1 from a Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolate

Over the last two decades, antimicrobial resistance has become a global health problem. In Gram-negative bacteria, metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), which inactivate virtually all β-lactams, increasingly contribute to this phenomenon. ABSTRACT Over the last two decades, antimicrobial resistance has become a global health problem. In Gram-negative bacteria, metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), which inactivate virtually all β-lactams, increasingly contribute to this phenomenon. The aim of this study is to characterize VIM-52, a His224Arg variant of VIM-1, identified in a Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate. VIM-52 conferred lower MICs to cefepime and ceftazidime compared to VIM-1. These results were confirmed by steady-state kinetic measurements, where VIM-52 yielded a lower activity toward ceftazidime and cefepime but not against carbapenems. Residue 224 is part of the L10 loop (residues 221 to 241), which borders the active site. As Arg 224 and Ser 228 both play an important and interrelated role in enzymatic activity, stability, and substrate specificity for the MBLs, targeted mutagenesis at both positions was performed and further confirmed their crucial role for substrate specificity.
The effect of water absorption on the dielectric properties of polyethylene hexagonal boron nitride nanocomposites

The effect of water absorption on the dielectric response of polyethylene/hexagonal boron nitride nanocomposites has been studied by dielectric spectroscopy. The nanocomposites have been prepared with hBN concentrations ranging from 2 wt% to 30 wt%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis revealed a very small amount of hydroxyl groups on the surface of hBN. Mass loss measurements showed that the nanocomposites did not absorb any water under ambient and dry conditions while there was some water absorption under wet conditions. The dielectric spectroscopy results showed a broad relaxation peak, indicative of different states of water with water shells of different thickness, which moved to higher frequencies with increasing water content. However, the dielectric losses were significantly lower than the losses reported in the literature of nanocomposites under wet conditions. In addition, all the absorbed water was successfully removed under vacuum conditions which demonstrated that the interactions between the water and the nanocomposites were very weak, due to the hydrophobic nature of the hBN surface. This is a highly useful property, when considering these materials for applications in electrical insulation.
Locally Universal: Universal Basic Income Policies in the Post-Pandemic World-Order

Rampant disparities within the capital/labor share, increased pressure on climatically vulnerable communities and mass international migration due to economic hardship or violence. All that without mentioning the ever-haunting specter of automation-induced unemployment and, finally, the outbreak of a world-reaching pandemic: these are some of the ongoing cataclysmic trends that are making an everincreasing number of academics, policymakers and multilateral organizations revisit the adoption of Universal Basic Income (UBI) models. The idea of furnishing guaranteed, unconditional and universal basic income for people within an assigned geographical locality – and potentially the entire globe – has ebbed and flown from the pages of authors of all walks of the political spectrum for over two centuries. It appears, though, that such an idea is regaining momentum at this point in history, a somewhat unexpected moment, given the worldwide rise of nationalistic and illiberalism worldviews. The ambition of this proposal is not to promote an exhaustive comparative assessment of competing proposals currently taking place – or being aspired at – around the world. Instead, this working paper stands as an introductory effort to be followed by a more robust case study of existing schemes, which should bind them under the theories of Multipolarity. This proposal launches the cornerstone of a debate assessing the concrete costs and political coordination challenges that are likely to arise in a scenario of massive and ideally genuine universal effort to start or scale-up existing UBI initiatives through the deployment of digital financing techniques, including its most disruptive variations such as cryptocurrencies.
One-pot synthesis of a fluorescent molecularly imprinted nanosensor for highly selective detection of sulfapyridine in water

Fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymers (FMIPs) were prepared in a one-pot synthesis using Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots (QDs) as a fluorescent core, sulfapyridine (SPD) as a template, methacrylic acid as a functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross-linker for a free-radical polymerization process. These FMIPs could be used for sensing SPD based on fluorescence quenching. As the concentration of Mn2+ in the QDs changed, the fluorescence response of the FMIPs toward SPD also varied. The optimum concentration of Mn2+ for the preparation of Mn-doped ZnS QDs was 2.5 mmol. Under the optimum conditions, the obtained FMIPs showed good binding capacity and high selectivity, and specificity toward SPD. The fluorescence intensity of the FMIPs decreased as the concentration of SPD increased in the range of 0–80 μM, with a detection limit of 0.5 μM. The FMIPs exhibited selectivity towards SPD over its structural analogs sulfanilamide, sulfathiazole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, and sulfacetamide. Finally, the FMIPs were successfully applied to detect SPD in tap water samples, and the average recoveries of SPD at three spiking levels ranged from 95.6% to 99.8% with relative standard deviations below 1.4%. This work provides a free-radical polymerization fabrication method for fluorescent MIP sensors, which can be used for rapid recognition and determination of sulfonamides from complex matrices.
Photo-induced orientation behaviors of azobenzene liquid crystal copolymers for photonic crystals

A certain wavelength of incident light is forbidden based on the optical periodicity related to the intervals and refractive indices of the comprising materials. For multi-bilayered films with periodicity, on–off switching of reflection is possible due to the presence or absence of a refractive index difference between two consisting films. Changes in the refractive index can be induced by stimuli-responsive orientation behaviors of liquid crystal (LC) molecules with birefringence. Azobenzene (Az) groups are employed for photo response and copolymerized with non-photo-responsive LC mesogen groups for cooperative orientation to improve light penetration by the dilution of Az concentration. LC mesogen groups are designed to have a high refractive index to improve the reflection contrast. The refractive indices and the orientation behaviors of the copolymer films are investigated. On–off switching of reflection for multi-bilayered films consisting of alternate Az-containing LC copolymers and poly vinyl alcohol is conducted using ultraviolet and visible light irradiation, and their reflection intensity and response speed are compared between the different LC mesogen types and molar ratios.
Different risk assessment methodologies applied for infant’s exposure for polybrominated diphenyl ethers: Implications for public health

Abstract The study aimed to determine the levels of selected polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in human milk and characterize the risk for breastfed infants using EFSA and U.S. EPA methodologies. The predominant PBDEs for which EFSA and U.S. EPA established toxicological reference values have been selected for evaluation. Concentrations of BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-153 were determined in breast milk samples from 25 mothers living in Poland. The estimated daily intakes of PBDEs for breastfed infants were calculated based on the results of PBDE concentrations obtained for each case and for the mean concentrations of the analyzed compounds. The estimated infants' daily intake of PBDEs from human milk was below U.S. EPA RfD, therefore not considered a health risk. In calculations according to approach applying MOEs (EFSA), we indicated a potential health concern with respect to exposure of infants to BDE-99. The calculated results based on the available methodologies do not provide clear information for the purposes of consumer safety assessment regarding exposure to the BDE-99 congener. Present study indicates the necessity to develop an internationally harmonized strategy for assessing the risk posed by polybrominated diphenyl ethers, especially for breast-fed infants.
Waiting and Watching in the Wanderings of Life

Vigil keeping, although an ancient ritual, has been practiced for centuries and continues to be a part of present-day life. A vigil can be experienced in a variety of ways with the common theme of waiting and watching. This article presents a brief look at the history of vigil, ways it continues in actual practice today, as well as examples of how an attitude of waiting and watching is valued in many spiritual traditions. Most significantly, this article explores the importance of holding a vigilant attitude in the work of depth psychology. Whether you are an analyst, therapist, client, one searching for meaning and/or struggling with the depths, being patient in the waiting (and vigilant in the watching) opens the door to the soul.