Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two-Phase Thermal Ground Planes: Technology Development and Parametric Results

Defense Advanced Research Project Agency's (DARPA's) thermal ground plane (TGP) effort was aimed at combining the advantages of vapor chambers or two-dimensional (2D) heat pipes and solid conductors by building thin, high effective thermal conductivity, flat heat pipes out of materials with thermal expansion coefficients that match current electronic devices. In addition to the temperature uniformity and minimal load-driven temperature variations associated with such two phase systems, in their defined parametric space, flat heat pipes are particularly attractive for Department of Defense and commercial systems because they offer a passive, reliable, light-weight, and low-cost path for transferring heat away from high power dissipative components. However, the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between silicon or ceramic microelectronic components and metallic vapor chambers, as well as the need for a planar, chip-size attachment surface for these devices, has limited the use of commercial of the shelf flat heat pipes in this role. The primary TGP goal was to achieve extreme lateral thermal conductivity, in the range of 10 kW/mK–20 kW/mK or approximately 25–50 times higher than copper and 10 times higher than synthetic diamond, with a thickness of 1 mm or less.
The improvement of water quality under a financial constraint: A commentary on ‘linear programming applied to water quality management’

Limited funds for building treatment facilities on a river basin are allocated to secure the largest possible value of the minimum level of dissolved oxygen. Linear programming is utilized to determine the configuration of efficiencies that achieve this goal. At optimality, the dual variable associated with the financial constraint indicates the instantaneous rate of change of the minimum dissolved oxygen concentration with respect to the funds available. Several alternative formulations of the problem are discussed. A numerical example is solved to illustrate the methodology.
A 5.8‐GHz frequency synthesizer chip design for worldwide interoperability for microwave access application

A 5.8‐GHz frequency synthesizer using wideband LC‐tank voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) for worldwide interoperability for microwave access applications with a 1.8 V voltage supply has been designed and successfully implemented in TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS process. In this proposed circuit, two important ideas are applied. First, a 3‐bit binary weighted capacitor array in the VCO is adopted to extend the tuning range and reduce the phase noise. Second, a class‐AB current mode logic is utilized in first divider stage to handle the high frequency signal. Measured results show that output frequency of VCO is tunable from 5.3 to 6.1 GHz corresponding to 14.1%, and phase noise is −110.2 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, output power spectrum is −9.24 dBm at frequency of 5.73 GHz, power consumption is 32 mW, and including pads, chip area is 0.53 (0.82 × 0.65) mm2. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2931–2935, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26405
Chinese expert recommendation on transnasal corticosteroid nebulization for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis 2021

Corticosteroids are efficacious in treating chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), but concerns on the potential side effects remain, especially for long-term usage of systemic corticosteroids. Accumulated evidence shows that transnasal nebulization may be a reasonable solution in balancing both efficacy and safety. However, no consensus or guideline has been formulated on the use of steroid transnasal nebulization in treating CRS. The consensus is achieved through literature review and exchange of Chinese experts in Group of Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology, Chinese Society of Allergy (CSA). This document covers the development, equipment, pharmacological mechanism, and evidence-based efficacy and safety, as well as the special concern of the application of steroid transnasal nebulization during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The expert consensus clarifies the application of steroid transnasal nebulization in treating CRS and common comorbidities during the perioperative and postoperative periods.
A Content Analysis on Lean Manufacturing - Concept and Benefits for Manufacturing Industry

Abstract: Nowadays, every organization must be required to determine its strength and weaknesses to enlarge productivity and output of their operations. The concept of lean production system has been acknowledged as a means to increase competitiveness for manufacturing concerns all over the world. The present paper has been planned to analyze the concept of Lean Production and its benefits for manufacturing industries. On the basis of the content analysis, the study found that lean manufacturing is gaining popularity day by day among manufacturing industries due to its potential of increasing operational performance. This is done with the help of its set of tools and principles which are used in the systematic elimination of seven wastes, namely, overproduction; waiting; scrap; conveyance; processing; inventory; and motion. Elimination of wastes enable manufacturer to produce the product with superior quality, lower cost and on time with lesser efforts. Keywords: Lean Production, Benefits, Tools and Techniques, Principles
Hepatitis B vaccination status and associated factors among university students in Ghana: A cross-sectional survey

Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes Hepatitis B vaccination as the most-effective way of controlling HBV infection. However, knowledge regarding general university students’ population vaccination status remains limited in Ghana. Using data from a survey involving 2712 students from three universities, this study aimed to examine Hepatitis B vaccination status and associated factors among university students in Ghana. Results showed that less than half of the participants (38.2%) have been vaccinated and (57.3%) were yet to complete full vaccination (taken the full three doses of the vaccine). Non-compulsory nature of Hepatitis B vaccination (22.7%), lack of awareness of the vaccination (22.7%), high cost of the vaccination (18.1%), no interest/motivation in the vaccination (16.5%) and availability issues (13.8%) were the common reasons cited for non-vaccination. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, participants who were aged 26 years or above had higher odds of taking Hepatitis B vaccination (AOR: 2.084; CI: 1.530–2.838, p = .001). Also, non-Akans (AOR: 0.746; CI: 0.617–0.902, p = .002), urban residents (AOR: .695; CI: .578-.835, p = .001) and no social support receivers (AOR: .812; CI: .701–1.223, p = .005) had lesser odds of taking Hepatitis B vaccination. This study highlights the urgent need for continued health education on HBV infection and strategies that ensure that students are fully vaccinated. The findings suggest that any interventions design to enhance uptake of Hepatitis B vaccination among students should be sensitive to socio-demographic characteristics especially age, ethnicity, residential status as well as social support.
Integrating numerical tools in underground construction process

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show how the time frame for the execution of a construction project in Algeria is rarely respected because of organizational problems and uncertainties encountered while the execution is underway.Design/methodology/approach – A case study on the construction of a metro station is used as a pilot project to show the effectiveness of replacing traditional construction processes by more innovative procedures. Concurrent engineering (CE) is applied to optimize the execution time of the underground structure. A numerical simulation is integrated into the construction process in order to update design parameters with real site conditions observed during the construction process.Findings – The results show that the implementation of CE is efficient in reducing the completion time, with an 18 per cent reduction observed in this case study. A cost reduction of 20 per cent on the steel frame support and a total cost reduction of 3 per cent were obtained.Research limitations.
Accuracy of Machine Learning Models to Predict In-hospital Cardiac Arrest

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Purpose/Aims Despite advances in healthcare, the incidence of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) has continued to rise for the past decade. Identifying those patients at risk has proven challenging. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to compare the IHCA predictive performance of machine learning (ML) models with the Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS). Design The systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines and registered on PROSPERO CRD42020182357. Method Data extraction was completed using the Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modeling Studies checklist. The risk of bias and applicability were evaluated using the Prediction model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Results Nine articles were included in this review that developed or validated IHCA prediction models and compared them with the MEWS. The studies by Jang et al and Kim et al showed that their ML models outperformed MEWS to predict IHCA with good to excellent predictive performance. Conclusions The ML models presented in this systematic review demonstrate a novel approach to predicting IHCA. All included studies suggest that ML models had similar or better predictive performance compared with MEWS. However, there is substantial variability in performance measures and concerns for risk of bias.
The Effect of “Federal -Aid Swap” Programs and Davis-Bacon Prevailing Wages on Highway Construction Costs and Contractor Composition: Evidence From Iowa

“Federal-aid swap” programs allow states and local governments to bypass federal Davis-Bacon prevailing wages and Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) goals by exchanging federal funds that have been allocated to highway projects with state funds. The Iowa Department of Transportation approved a federal-aid swap program in February 2018. Using data on more than 1,200 highway construction projects in Iowa from 2016 to 2020, I find that the cost of projects in the federal-aid swap program are not statistically different from those that were not swapped, after accounting for project size and complexity, project type, and project location. Regression results indicate that Davis-Bacon prevailing wages and DBE goals have no effect on total construction costs. However, the federal-aid swap program is statistically associated with a decrease in the likelihoods that a project is covered by the Davis-Bacon Act by 10 percentage points and DBE goals by 4 percentage points. Because the payment of Davis-Bacon prevailing wages is statistically associated with an 8 percentage-point decrease in the chances that a highway project is awarded to an out-of-state contractor, the federal-aid swap program may have increased the market share of out-of-state contractors at the expense of Iowa-based contractors.
Integral-equation-based continuous-time model identification of a magnetostrictive actuator

The problem of the continuous-time model identification of a magnetostrictive actuator is considered. An integral-equation-based least squares method is proposed. The identification is based on the sampled data of an input-output measurement with high frequency coloured noise. The main idea of the method is to transform a differential equation into an integral equation so that the effect of the high-frequency coloured noise can be ignored. The method is successfully applied to parameter identification in a continuous-time model of a magnetostrictive actuator.
Calculation and measurement of unbalanced magnetic pull in cage induction motors with eccentric rotors. Part 2: Experimental investigation

The paper describes an experimental investigation into the behaviour of a cage induction motor with a statically eccentric rotor. The experimental equipment used allowed for the variation of the eccentricity and the direct measurement of the unbalanced magnetic pull. The effects of parallel connections of the stator windings and the damping nature of the cage rotor are investigated. The results are used to verify the accuracy of an analytical model derived elsewhere and the correlation between the measured and predicted UMP is found to be good.
Adaptive Backstepping Control for Mecanum‐Wheeled Omnidirectional Vehicle Using Neural Networks

In this paper, an adaptive backstepping controller is designed for the mecanum‐wheeled omnidirectional vehicle (MWOV) with frictions, external disturbances, and unknown slipping parameters. First, kinematic and dynamic models of the MWOV with wheels' slipping are derived. Especially, the virtual neural networks are introduced to on‐line approximate the nonlinear uncertainties of the dynamic system. Then, the adaptation laws with σ‐modification are employed to estimate the unknown parameters. Furthermore, based on the backstepping technology, an adaptive backstepping controller is synthesized with the updated values, and stability and robustness of the proposed control scheme are analyzed via the Lyapunov theory. Finally, comparative simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Integrated models for the analysis of biological effects of EM fields used for mobile communications

The understanding of the modalities of interaction of electromagnetic (EM) fields with biological material is a key point in the identification of possible induced effects. Since the beginnings of bioelectromagnetic research studies, most of the attention has been focused on the effects on nervous systems and neuronal cells. The importance of this target has recently increased due to the wide diffusion of mobile terminals, used close to the head. In this paper, an integrated interaction model is proposed. The model, validated in each part of its components with experimental data, allows to obtain a quantitative link from the external applied field to the effects on neurons (isolated or linked to similar others). The models is firstly based on the evaluation of the EM field at cellular membrane level, then on the evaluation of the effects induced on each component of the model growing from the low biophysical level (membrane channels) to the biological one (neuron time behavior). The use of well-assessed models for the simulations of each part allows both the evaluation of the effect at different levels of complexity and the employment of this effect acting as an input on the upper level. This approach allows, for the first time, a complete quantitative evaluation of the effects on neurons due to the fields from the existing mobile systems, and can be a useful instrument for the evaluation of the possible health impact of new technologies.
Millimetre-wave slotted array antenna based on double-layer substrate integrated waveguide

In this study, a millimetre-wave slotted array antenna based on double-layer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is proposed. The radiating array and feeding network are arranged on different substrate layers with a normal printed circuit board process. The design procedure of radiating elements based on array parameters extraction is introduced. A broadband T-junction and tilted coupling slots are used for power division in feeding network. A broadband right-angle transition between SIW and standard rectangular waveguide WR28 is designed and integrated in the bottom metallic plate for measurement. An 8 × 8 array operating at 35 GHz is designed and fabricated. Measured gain is 19.94 dB with sidelobe suppression of −19.8 dB in the E-plane and −17.7 dB in the H-plane at the centre frequency. The measured bandwidth of 20 dB return loss is 1.32 GHz. The good agreements between simulations and experiments demonstrate that the proposed double-layer SIW slotted array antenna is a good choice for un-rectangular aperture array and large array applications.
Mouth care training and practice: a survey of nursing staff working in National Health Service hospitals in England

Background This study investigated the training and mouth care practice of nursing staff in hospital Trusts across England. Oral health has been found to deteriorate during hospital admission, mouth care standards have been found to be poor. Aims The objectives of the study were to assess if and what the barriers are to supporting inpatients' mouth care, and to assess how confident nursing staff are in carrying out mouth care assessments and mouth care and see if this is related to previous training. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in 33 Trusts in England with 1576 members of the nursing team including nurses and nursing assistants. Nursing staff were asked to complete a questionnaire on previous oral health training and their current practice. Results Nursing staff reported that they had limited training in mouth care. The main barriers to mouth care were time and patient compliance. Confidence in recognising oral cancer was low. Conclusions Nursing staff would benefit from mouth care training targeted at assessing the mouth and providing mouth care for all inpatients.
We Are Mathematical Beings

In this mathematical-poetical text, the author posits mathematical thought as fundamental to concepts of self and world. Mathematics is not something exterior to be learned, but basic to daily life. For example, object permanence is an abstract concept of multiple perspectives compiled in to the idea of one stable object. Such abstraction is mathematics. These concepts exist both socially and materially. A wooden cube is both a social concept and a material object. We exist in a mathematically determined world. We use mathematics to enact new reals. This is so common that often we are unaware of it.
Optimized train running curve for electrical energy saving in autotransformer supplied AC railway systems

Today, the problem of electrical energy saving in all the power systems, and therefore in railway systems too, is particularly critical because of the increasing cost of the energy itself. In this paper the authors present a general purpose methodology, based on the integrated use of a traffic simulator and an optimization code, which allows the automatic determination of the optimal energy consumption parameters in an autotransformer supplied AC railway system. The optimization methods and procedures are described and a case study is presented and discussed.
Compact ACS-fed UWB monopole antenna with extra Bluetooth band

A compact asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)-fed ultra-wideband (UWB) monopole antenna with extra Bluetooth band for various wireless applications is presented. The proposed antenna is composed of a modified ACS-fed structure and a staircase-shaped patch for covering the UWB band (3.1-10.6 GHz), which occupies a very compact size of 32.5 × 10 mm 2 . By etching a snake-shaped slot in the staircase-shaped patch, an additional band can be realised covering the Bluetooth band (2.4-2.484 GHz). Furthermore, the proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured, and good results obtained. The proposed antenna shows nearly omnidirectional radiation characteristics, relatively consistent group delays and stable gains in the operating bands. The simple feeding structure, compact size and uniplanar design make it easy to be integrated within portable devices for wireless communication.
A STATISTICAL METHOD FOR ACCEPTANCE OF CRUDE OIL VISCOSITY-TEMPERATURE CURVES

The aim of this work is to present a statistical model for acceptance tests of viscosity-temperature curves of crude oils, to help identifying potential deviations caused by experimental errors, inadequate methods or even oil behavior anomalies. An empiric exponential function, which is very used in the petroleum industry to determine relationships between viscosity and temperature regarding oil and by-products, was linearized to serve as model for regression of experimental values obtained from several oil samples. Through analysis of the regression model variance, we can determine the minimum significance level so that experimental values acquired for each oil sample can be in accordance with a theoretical model. As a result, two acceptance criteria were established: one for using data under measurement conditions, and another to be used in estimate calculations, such as interpolations and extrapolations.
An analysis of a waveguide T junction with an inductive post

The authors analyze the T junction with an inductive post, taking its diameter into account for the case where the current distribution is assumed on the surface of the post. A single cylindrical post placed in a T junction improves the impedance matching and compensates the junction discontinuity in a wide frequency band. The effects of the design parameters, such as the diameter of the post and its location, are clarified. The measured return loss is accurately predicted. On the basis of this analysis, an effective design procedure for the T junction is proposed, and the reflection below -30 dB is realized over 4% bandwidth. >
Population structure in Neotropical plants: Integrating pollination biology, topography and climatic niches

Animal pollinators mediate gene flow among plant populations, but in contrast to well‐studied topographic and (Pleistocene) environmental isolating barriers, their impact on population genetic differentiation remains largely unexplored. Comparing how these multifarious factors drive microevolutionary histories is, however, crucial for better resolving macroevolutionary patterns of plant diversification. Here we combined genomic analyses with landscape genetics and niche modelling across six related Neotropical plant species (424 individuals across 33 localities) differing in pollination strategy to test the hypothesis that highly mobile (vertebrate) pollinators more effectively link isolated localities than less mobile (bee) pollinators. We found consistently higher genetic differentiation (FST) among localities of bee‐ than vertebrate‐pollinated species with increasing geographical distance, topographic barriers and historical climatic instability. High admixture among montane populations further suggested relative climatic stability of Neotropical montane forests during the Pleistocene. Overall, our results indicate that pollinators may differentially impact the potential for allopatric speciation, thereby critically influencing diversification histories at macroevolutionary scales.