Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of GaAs based MODFETs

Three key aspects of AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs MODFETs, namely current-handling capability, signal delay, and saturated output regime, are experimentally evaluated and correlated with the heterostructure configuration. Gate lengths down to 0.1 mu m and corresponding cutoff frequencies above 140 GHz are employed. The three aspects are found to be closely interrelated. By the incorporation of an InGaAs quantum well the two-dimensional-electron-gas (2DEG) density of the materials system can be considerably extended. However, this results in only limited improvement for the FET current-handling capability above a 2DEG density of 2*10/sup 12/ cm/sup -2/. The main effect on the MODFET current gain cutoff frequency is through the reduction of the input delay as demonstrated with 0.1- mu m-gate-length devices. Extracting the same intrinsic delay time means that the electron dynamics in the channel of AlGaAs/GaAs and pseudomorphic MODFETs is very comparable. This is consistent with the fact that there is no significant change in the effective electron mass, although changes in the intervalley scattering dynamics are still expected. Open-circuit voltage gain and output conductance are strongly related to the space-charge-layer configuration on top of the channel. This is related to the recess configuration; however, for a large voltage gain a high structural aspect ratio is generally needed. <<ETX>>
Pupillary Response to Chromatic Light Stimuli as a Biomarker at the Early Stage of Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease of the optic nerve currently considered a severe health problem because of its high prevalence, being the primary cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The most common type corresponds to Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG). Glaucoma produces, among other alterations, a progressive loss of Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGC) and its axons, key to generate the action potential that reaches the visual cortex to create the visual image. It indicates a Visual Field (VF) loss whose main feature is to be painless, and this makes early detection difficult, causing a late diagnosis and delaying a timely treatment indication that slows down its progression. Intrinsically photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells (ipRGCs), which represent a subgroup of RGCs being sensitive to damage, are characterized by reacting to short-wave light stimulation close to 480 nm and among their non-visual function, the role in the generation of the pupillary reflex stands out. Currently, the sensitivity of clinical trials correlates to RGC damage, however the need for an early damage biomarker is still relevant. It is an urgent task to create new diagnostic approaches to detect an early stage of glaucoma in a prompt, quick, and economical manner. We suggest evaluating the pupillary response to chromatic light as a potential biomarker of disease, its diagnostic benefit, and its cost-effectiveness in clinical practice to reduce irreversible damage caused by glaucoma.
Improving Flow Discharge-Suspended Sediment Relations: Intelligent Algorithms versus Data Separation

Information on the transport of fluvial suspended sediment loads (SSL) is crucial due to its effects on water quality, pollutant transport and transformation, dam operations, and reservoir capacity. As such, adopting a reliable method to accurately estimate SSL is a key topic for watershed managers, hydrologists, river engineers, and hydraulic engineers. One of the most common methods for estimating SSL or suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) is sediment rating curve (SRC), which has several weaknesses. Here, we optimize the SRC equation using two main approaches. Firstly, three well recognized metaheuristic algorithms (genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA)) were used together with two classical approaches (food and agriculture organization (FAO) and non-parametric smearing estimator (CF2)) to optimize the coefficients of the SRC regression model. The second approach uses separation of data based on season and flow discharge (Qw) characteristics. A support vector regression (SVR) model using only Qw as an input was employed for SSC estimation and the results were compared with the SRC and its optimized versions. Metaheuristic algorithms improved the performance of the SRC model and the PSO model outperformed the other algorithms. These results also indicate that the model performance was directly related to the temporal separation of data. Based on these findings, if data are more homogenous and related to the limited climatic conditions used in the estimation of SSC, the estimations are improved. Moreover, it was observed that optimizing SRC through metaheuristic models was much more effective than separating data in the SCR model. The results also indicated that with the same input data, SVR was superior to the SRC model and its optimized version.
Novel serial-parallel multipliers

New designs of serial-parallel multipliers based on the modified Booth and multi-bit recoding algorithms are introduced. Using recoding for the parallel operand, two proposed systolic multipliers have been introduced to build structures having n/2 and n/3 cells. The proposed serial-parallel multipliers are compared with other structures on the basis of multiplication time, area, and complexity. By using multi-bit overlapped recoding of the multiplier operand, the multiplier operates at twice the speed of the existing designs and has a much lower AT/sup 2/ complexity.
Inductive Power Transmission System for Electric Car Charging Phase: Modeling plus Frequency Analysis

The effectiveness of inductive power transfer (IPT) presents a serious challenge for improving the global recharge system performance. An electric vehicle (EVs) needs to be charged rapidly and have maximum power when it is charged with wireless technology. Based on various research, the performance of this recharge system is attached to several points and the frequency resonance is one of those parameters that can influence. In this paper, we try to explore the relationship between the obtained power and the signal input frequency for charging a lithium battery, solve the class imbalance problem and understand the maximum allowed frequency. To obtain the results, a mathematical model was first created to demonstrate the relationship, then the dynamic model was validated and tested using the Matlab Simulink platform. The performance of the worldwide wireless recharging system in terms of frequency variation is depicted in a summary graph.
Design of DC to 10‐GHz broadband CMOS transmit/receive switch circuits

This article presents the design of CMOS transmit/receive (T/R) switch circuits for ultra‐wideband applications. Techniques such as RF floated body to extend the bandwidth and decrease the insertion loss, and stacking architecture to enhance the power handling capability are used for the design of T/R switch circuits on a standard 0.18‐μm triple‐well process. The measurement of the T/R switch circuits demonstrates the effectiveness of the methods presented in this article. Two types of T/R switch circuits are designed and presented in this article. The T/R switch with non‐stacking architecture achieves an insertion loss less than 1.2 dB and an input 1‐dB compression point (IP1dB) of 24 dBm from DC to 10 GHz for. In addition, the T/R switch with stacking architecture exhibits a higher IP1dB of 27 dBm and an insertion loss less than 1.69 dB from DC to 10 GHz. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 322–326, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24948
Controlled inducement and measurement of drowsiness in a driving simulator

The authors present a study of driver drowsiness, looking for patterns in biomedical and biomechanical variables that allow one to characterise the drowsiness cycle and detect its phases with new technologies. Biomedical signals, eye closure, pressures on the seat, and longitudinal and lateral control of the vehicle were recorded in a driving simulator, during a test in an environment that induced drowsiness, while subjects were motivated to struggle against sleep. Twenty volunteers were measured during the 1 h 45 min tests. A control signal that combined EEG and percent of eye closure (PERCLOS) was defined to classify the different states of the participants during the test. According to that standard, drowsiness was successfully induced in 80 of the subjects. The changes in those states influenced both the performance of the driving task and the biomedical signals, although the former were less sensitive to early fatigue. Heart rate variability and respiration turned out to be promising indicators of the state of the driver, which can be used in future drowsiness detection systems.
Power factor correction as the right step towards a safer environment

Generation and transfer of electrical energy can severly degrade the environment. Tthe necessity of joint research in the field of high- frequency power converters with power factor correction to protect the environment from the electromagnetic pollution was discussed. Current state of law and research in several countries was presented. Pasive and active correctors and the idea of new topology for power factor correction wer described. Streszczenie. Dzialalnośc czlowieka na polu wytwarzania energii elektrycznej powoduje znaczącą degradacje środowiska naturalnego. Glowny przedmiot zainteresowania przedstawiony w artykule dotyczy analizy wplywu wspolczynnika mocy na efektywnośc transferu energii elektrycznej od wytworcy do koncowego odbiorcy. Przedstawiono stan prac legislacyjnych oraz badawczych w roznych krajach ze szczegolnym uwzglednieniem Ukrainy. Opisano dwa typy korektorow, pasywny i aktywny oraz glowne zalozenia dotyczące nowej, projektowanej topologii korektorow wspolczynnika mocy. (Korekcja wspolczynnika mocy jako wlaściwy krok w kierunku bezpieczniejszego środowiska). Introduction and background Today it is widely recognized that human activities make a strong environmental impact. Safe existence and well being of mankind and other life on our planet depend on quality, reliability and efficiency of our power systems. Pollution of coal and nuclear power generation plants is a major threat to the environment. Along with improving the efficiency of power generation and distribution systems the power consumption practices should be improved as well. Consumers are an essential part of any power system and play a major role in the game. Proper use of power and
Electrical characteristics of an ACF bond as a function of temperature and humidity aging

A commercial Hitachi anisotropic conducting film (ACF) was used to form the electrical interconnection between aluminum pads on a glass plate substrate, and electrolysis tin coated copper pads on a polyimide flexible circuit. These interconnections were aged over 1,400 hours at 85/spl deg/C and 79% relative humidity. Throughout the thermal aging period a variety of electrical properties were measured. Electrical resistance of the ACF bonds was monitored in situ providing a continuous record of the resistance increase toward failure. The specimens were periodically brought back to ambient and dried out to monitor the resistance recovery and how other electrical properties were affected due to aging. A continuous resistance monitoring during the temperature ramp provided the temperature coefficient of resistance as a function of aging. The other electrical properties measured at ambient conditions were the voltage coefficient of resistance, both at low currents and at high currents, where self-heating occurred, the magnitude of 1/f noise, and the thermopower. As will be explained, each of these electrical properties provides an independent measurement of critical interconnection parameters.
Comparación de competencias parentales en padres y en madres con hijos e hijas adolescentes

El rol parental con adolescentes requiere de los progenitores competencias personales emocionales y sociales. Hay pocos estudios de género que analicen estas competencias en el padre y en la madre en la misma unidad familiar. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar si estas competencias difieren en ambos progenitores, y si varían también en función de su nivel de estudios y de la fase inicial o tardía de la adolescencia. Han participado 752 madres y 670 padres. Se aplicó la Escala de Competencias Parentales Emocionales y Sociales para progenitores de Adolescentes (ECOPES-A), analizando cuatro factores: Control-Relajación, Autoestima, Imposición y Comunicación. A través de t de Student y Análisis de Varianza los resultados indican mayor competencia comunicativa en las madres que en los padres para relacionarse con sus adolescentes, y para fomentar su autoestima; las madres, sin embargo, se autoevalúan con menor habilidad que los padres en autocontrol emocional. Las competencias parentales son más altas cuando el nivel educativo de ambos también lo es, salvo en autoestima. Ambos progenitores tienden a ser más impositivos con sus adolescentes más jóvenes. Entre las implicaciones del estudio se destaca reforzar la gestión emocional de los progenitores a través de programas de parentalidad positiva.
Application of supervised machine learning for prediction of probabilistic transient stability

ABSTRACT Evaluation of transient stability is integral to dynamic security assessment of power systems. It deals with the assessment of the ability of the system to remain in equilibrium for large disturbances, such as faults. Deterministic approaches for transient stability assessment are becoming unsuitable, considering the rising uncertainties. Moreover, due to its intensive computation effort, the conventional time-domain approach for transient stability assessment is not appropriate for online application, thereby motivating the requirement to apply a soft computing technique. Thus, this paper investigates artificial neural network-based supervised machine learning, for predicting the transient stability of a power system, considering uncertainties of load, faulted line, fault type, fault location, and fault clearing time. The training of the neural network was accomplished using suitable system features as inputs, and probabilistic transient stability status indicator as the output. Results obtained for the IEEE 14-bus test system demonstrated that the proposed method offers a fast technique for probabilistic transient stability prediction with a superior accuracy, and thereby, signifying a strong possibility for neural network application in dynamic security assessment. DIgSILENT PowerFactory and MATLAB was utilised for transient stability time-domain simulations (for obtaining training data for the neural network), and for applying supervised machine learning, respectively.
THE NON-TRADITIONAL STUDENT IN THE LAB: NEEDS AND STUMBLING BLOCKS

In Flanders (Belgium), the number of non-traditional students in higher education is relatively low. The government stimulates a flexible learning environment in order to increase the number of students in higher education. Especially in the field of science and engineering there are few non-traditional students and probably the presence of mandatory laboratory work is one of the causes. A survey research project was done to collect data about the needs and stumbling blocks for non-traditional students when laboratory work in the field of science and engineering is included in their curriculum. This study reveals that 44% of these non-traditional students have problems in attending the mandatory laboratories. It can be concluded that a valuable, flexible alternative for laboratory work is essential. Therefore we propose laboratory immersion as an appropriate method. Laboratory immersion is a short, very intensive on-campus laboratory session preceded by and concluded with distance learning activities. In practice, the work is consciously divided into three phases: a pre-lab phase at home focusing on preparation, an on-site laboratory session for the hands-on activities and a remote post-lab for reflection and reporting. In this way the strict attendance at the campus is considerably reduced and the student has the opportunity to acquire substantial laboratory skills. The survey research is done to know the specific needs of these non-traditional students. We report in this article on the results of this survey research. This research revealed that students, before they participate in a laboratory immersion, have some objectives against this new working method. They indicated the following elements as essential components of an appropriate laboratory immersion: teamwork, frequent contacts with regular students, good coaching by the staff, a comparable study time, an increased flexibility and an emphasis on hands-on work. These elements were incorporated in three pilot projects: microbiology, instrumental chemical analysis and
1200 V-trench-IGBT study with square short circuit SOA

In this paper, the authors discuss the design of a new 1200 V trench IGBT structure. The combination of well-designed trench cell geometry and a favourably adjusted vertical carrier concentration profile leads to a trench IGBT chip with both low static and dynamic losses and a degree of ruggedness similar to state-of-the-art planar cell nonpunch-through (NPT) IGBTs, especially excellent gate oxide properties, high turn-off capability and a square short circuit safe operating area up to 1200 V.
PIMS USING APATITE II: REMEDIATION OF Pb-CONTAMINATED RANGE SOIL AT CAMP STANLEY STORAGE ACTIVITY, TX

Phosphate-Induced Metal Stabilization (PIMS™) using Apatite II™ was implemented at Camp Stanley Storage Activity (CSSA) in Boerne, Texas to remediate lead(Pb)-contaminated range soils at Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) B-20, a former open burn/open detonation (OB/OD) area. The full-scale field operation remediated 3,000 yd 3 by soil mixing and placement back onsite. The Apatite II treatment reduced the average leaching of Pb from 0.373 mg/L in untreated soil to 0.003 mg/L in treated soil, as observed from lysimeter wells, eliminating potential impacts to groundwater and surface water run-off. Waste classification results from Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) tests gave an average of 0.46 mg/L Pb for treated soils which meets the State of Texas class 2 non-hazardous waste classification criteria of 1.5 mg/L Pb making the treated soil non-hazardous, while the untreated soil did not meet these criteria. The Apatite II treatment also reduced the Pb bioaccessibility of the soil. CSSA has achieved acceptable levels of lead at SWMU B-20 by the PIMS treatment using Apatite II and expects to obtain closure on this site. A 100-year flooding event occurred one year after emplacement with no adverse effects. The total actual costs of the remediation were $22/yd 3 and represented a significant cost savings relative to all
A clinical approach to nightmares and bad dreams in cognitive–behavioural therapy

SUMMARY Clinicians trained in cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) are frequently not trained to work with dreams. Given the high prevalence and impact of nightmares and bad dreams, empowering CBT therapists to effectively work with these sleep phenomena is crucial to improve therapeutic outcomes. This article briefly outlines a cognitive–behavioural model of dreams and reviews some clinical guidelines for directly and indirectly addressing nightmares and bad dreams in CBT practice.
Security and Privacy Preserving Keyword Search for Cipher Text Retrieval in Cloud Computing based on Oppositional Grasshopper optimization

Because more and more people and businesses are storing data in the cloud on a remote basis, cloud security is an essential research topic. Improving the data security and privacy our proposed work uses combination of Blowfish algorithm as well as Elliptic curve cryptography (Blowfish+ECC). This study mainly focusses on two stages; public key encryption as well as keyword retrieval. Initially, ECC provide access control for both data owner and authorized users. Porter stemming is used to extract keywords in the data pre-processing stage. The data owner uses the bloom filter to construct a secure index for each file. The data owner then encrypts the files using the blowfish encryption method and public keys. In the next stage, the trapdoor code is generated. After the user receives the information, the keyword search approach is utilized to discover matched files. The Oppositional based Grasshopper optimization Algorithm is used to select the optimal solution after gathering matched files. Finally, using the blowfish decryption method, the original files are decrypted.
Novel silicon cap package technology for monolithic microinertial measurement unit

A monolithic micromachined inertial measurement unit (IMU), which combines three-degree-of-freedom gyroscope and a three-degree-of-freedom accelerometer, is attractive for navigation and guidance. A micromachined gyroscope generally works in a vacuum package to archive a high resolution. By contraries, a package of an accelerometer should provide proper dumping to optimize dynamic response. It is very difficult to fulfill two different package demands in one chip by using conventional package technology. We developed wafer-level silicon cap package technology to solve the problem. The gyroscope is completely sealed in a vacuum silicon cavity by anodic bonding in vacuum. The accelerometer is package din another silicon cavity, but different from the gyroscope, a 'bypass hole' is fabricated in the wall of the cavity. Using this technique, the accelerometer can operate in an air ambient, the damping is controlled by optimizing structure design of accelerometer and change the size of the bypass hole. Consequently, demands of package for both accelerometer and gyroscope are fulfilled. Besides, the silicon cap can protect fragile mechanical structures during post-releasing processing, such as dicing, mounting and wire bonding. Consequently, after the silicon cap is formed, the MEMS wafer can be treated as a common IC wafer. These structures were fabricated with wafer bonding and ICP deep etching technologies, but can be also fabricated by other micromachining technologies.
Uma comparação dos métodos multigrid algébricos para a solução da equação do fluxo livr

Neste artigo o método multigrid algébricos baseado em agregação suavizada, o método clássico de Ruge-Stüben e o método GMRES pré-condicionado por multigrid algébrico foram utilizados para a solução da equação do fluxo livre estacionário em domı́nio georreferenciado. A disponibilidade dos códigos computacionais permitiu avaliar a aproximação de elementos finitos sob a perspectiva dos métodos multigrid algébricos e respectiva combinação, como pré-condicionante, com o método GMRES. O tempo necessário para obter as soluções dos sistemas lineares associados às iterações de Picard, os residuais dos métodos iterativos nas respectivas iteradas de Picard e os reśıduos em cada uma das iteradas de Picard são apresentados. Como resultado, o método baseado em agregação suavizada necessita de um número menor de iterações quando comparado ao método clássico de Ruge Stüben. O pré-condicionamento por método multigrid algébrico reduz drasticamente o número de iterações tanto do método GMRES quanto da versão pré-condicionada.