Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
State-level income inequality and meeting physical activity guidelines; differential associations among US men and women

Background Previous work has identified a relationship between income inequality and risk for obesity and heart attack. We investigated the relationship between state-level income inequality and physical activity among US adults. Methods We used Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) cross-sectional data from a population based and representative sample of n = 428 828 US adults. Multilevel models were used to determine the association between state-level income inequality and participation in physical activity and strengthening exercises in the previous month. Results In comparison to males, females were significantly more likely to report being physically inactive (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.11), and less likely to meet aerobic activity requirements (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.88, 0.93), meet strengthening activities (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.69, 0.74), and meet overall physical activity recommendations (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.88, 0.94). Cross-level Gini × sex interactions indicated that income inequality was associated with increased odds for participating in no physical activity (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.12), decreased odds in participating in strengthening physical activity (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.89, 0.96), aerobic activity (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93, 0.99), and in meeting overall physical activity recommendations (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.91, 0.95) among women only. Conclusions Future studies are needed to identify mechanisms in which income inequality leads to physical activity behavior among US women.
The Precarious Life of James Mario Matra: Voyager with Cook, American Loyalist, Servant of Empire

In August 1768, James Mario Matra, the 22-year-old son of an American loyalist, sailed with Captain Cook to unknown parts of the world. The voyage, fraught with danger and uncertainty, marked the beginning of what was to be, in many ways, a precarious life. On the "Endeavour"'s return in 1771, Matra anonymously published the first major account of Cook's voyage. He never saw New Holland again, but his significant role in the history of the settlement of Australia was not yet ended. When the American War of Independence deprived Matra of his family inheritance, the "Endeavour"'s celebrated naturalist, Sir Joseph Banks, helped get Matra employment as an official in various foreign outposts. In this capacity he turned his mind to ways of promoting Britain's global commercial network. Having personally felt the loss of one British colony, he conceived a plan to found another. In 1783 he proposed a British settlement in new South Wales to "atone for the loss of our American colonies. " The settlement would give asylum to dispossessed American loyalists and would be built on the labor of young convicts. Matra offered to be its "Conductor and Governor. " The Pitt administration concurred with Matra's proposal but declined to offer him the government of the intended colony. Instead he was given the post of Consul at Tangier, where he remained until his death in 1806. This book blends Matra's extensive and colorful correspondence with a biographical narrative to reveal for the first time the life and influence of this mysterious figure.
Fcr 1 p Inhibits Development of Fluconazole Resistance in Candida albicans by Abolishing CDR 1 Induction

fungal pathogen in humans, causes diseases varying from superficial mucosal complaints to life-threatening systemic disorders. Coincident with the increased use of antifungal drugs, the incidences of drug resistance have also increased. In recent years, the development of multidrug resistance in clinical isolates has challenged effective treatment of the infections. Specifically, the extensive and repetitive use of antifungal azole derivatives such as fluconazole (FLC) has allowed C. albicans to utilize many mechanisms of resistance in order to ensure its survival. This situation highlights the need for elucidating the mechanism of drug resistance in C. albicans to develop new antifungal agents. Overexpression of efflux pumps, either ATP-binding cassette (ABC) or major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters, has been shown to be one of the major mechanisms of drug resistance in clinical isolates because if causes active extrusion of the drug out of the cell. The Candida drug resistance 1 (CDR1) gene, which encodes an ABC efflux pump, is identified by complementation of the pleiotropic drug resistance 5 (pdr5) mutant, which is hypersensitive to cycloheximide, chloramphenicol, and azole drugs, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae). C. albicans cdr1 mutant resulted in increasing susceptibilities to azole drugs, which is consistent with the observation that overexpression of CDR1 contributes to the drug resistance of clinical isolates of C. albicans. Furthermore, the existence of trans-regulatory factors of CDR1 has also been suggested. However, the molecular mechanism and the gene network regulating the expression of CDR1 and drug resistance are poorly understood. C. albicans Fcr1p (for fluconazole resistance 1 protein), a member of the family of zinc cluster proteins, is characterized by a highly conserved Zn(II)2Cys6 zinc finger motif within the N-terminal DNA binding domain (DBD). Well known Pdr1p and Pdr3p (pleiotropic drug resistance protein) zinc cluster proteins regulate the expression of several multidrug ABC transporter genes including PDR5, SNQ2, and YOR1, causing azole resistance in S. cerevisiae. C. albicans Fcr1p displays significant sequence homology with S. cerevisiae Pdr1p and Pdr3p, and it could confer azole resistance in S. cerevisiae pdr1 pdr3 mutant by regulating PDR5. We hypothesized that Fcr1p maybe involved in the development of C. albicans azole resistance as well as Pdr1p and Pdr3p in S. cerevisiae. In the present study we investigated the role of Fcr1p in the development of C. albicans azole resistance and possible mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that Fcr1p inhibited development of fluconazole resistance in C. albicans through abolishing the induction of CDR1 expression by FLC, and in contrast FLC resistance development was accelerated resulting from the deletion of FCR1.
Identifying influential bloggers using blogs semantics

Web 2.0 has brought a lot of good things for internet audience. Interactive user generated contents like blogs, become a popular means to voice ones opinion related to anything. The blogosphere contains a lot of user's generated contents, a growing readerships and ever increasing thoughts followers. Identifying influential bloggers is a recently introduced phenomenon; influential bloggers have prospects in bringing a great value to business. They can convince their fellow bloggers on variety of grounds, react to the news event and bring a three sixty degree view of the news, create a new thought or perception and can get people under their discernment by their power of thought and content creation. There are many researchers that proposed influential bloggers mining systems, but all these systems suffer from drawbacks like: domain driven, generalized shallow influential measure and validation and verification. We propose in this paper, an effective algorithm to identify influential bloggers by using influence measuring factors. These factors are based on contents semantics of their blog-posts, quantitative analysis of the contents and fellow readerships with their comments on the post. We applied this algorithm, on a subset of political blogosphere of Pakistan, where we have successfully able to indentify influential bloggers; proactive spreads of their influential thinking, and changing views of the fellow readers. We believe that this algorithm can be extended to identify an influential group in groups' blogging.
Xyleme Query Architecture

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Libro Rojo de la Fauna Silvestre de Vertebrados de Bolivia

A partir de la primera lista roja producida por la UICN, las listas rojas se han transformado en un importante referente de los programas y actividades en conservacion. Tan es asi, que se han desarrollado libros rojos en la mayor parte en los paises y es casi una obligacion del aparato cientifico tecnico nacional producir uno de estos instrumentos para tener credibilidad en este ambito. En un editorial de la revista Nature de 2008 (The Red List still matters and the IUCN has more to offer than just data on the nearly extinct. NATURE 455, 9 octubre 2008) dice: “ . de todas maneras, el corazon de la organizacion (la UICN) son las listas rojas”. De acuerdo a la propia UICN actualmente las listas rojas tienen dos propositos fundamentales primero es ser una llamada de atencion sobre aquellos organismos que se encuentran de alguna manera amenazados de extincion en diverso grado. El segundo proposito es establecer lineas base para hacer un seguimiento del estado de conservacion de especies incluidas en la lista. En alguna manera una evaluacion de los libros rojos, como se llaman en castellano, necesariamente tiene que considerar ambos aspectos. Sin embargo, el logro de estos objetivos es extremadamente dificil y es mas cuanto mas diverso es el pais. Otros factores que incrementan la dificultad se refieren al desarrollo del aparato cientifico tecnico, a su antiguedad, a los recursos disponibles para realizar evaluaciones en campo, o sea en general a la capacidad de generar informacion confiable sobre el estado de conservacion de las poblaciones de plantas y animales. Bolivia es uno de los paises mas diversos del mundo y al mismo tiempo recientemente ha ingresado en las ciencias necesarias para producir un libro rojo. Los procesos educativos son procesos de largo plazo y mas aun el desarrollo de capacidades tecnicas cientificas. Sin embargo, el libro rojo de los vertebrados de Bolivia muestra un grado de maduracion con relacion al primer libro rojo producido en 1996, se constituye en un avance considerable en los dos propositos indicados por la UICN.
Conservative care for ESRD in the United Kingdom: a national survey.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Conservative kidney management (CKM) has been developed in the United Kingdom (UK) as an alternative to dialysis for older patients with stage 5 CKD (CKD5) and multiple comorbidities. This national survey sought to describe the current scale and pattern of delivery of conservative care in UK renal units and identify their priorities for its future development. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS A survey on practice patterns of CKM for patients age 75 and older with CKD5 was sent to clinical directors of all 71 adult renal units in the UK in March 2013. RESULTS Sixty-seven units (94%) responded. All but one unit reported providing CKM for some patients. Terminology varied, although "conservative management" was the most frequently used term (46%). Lack of an agreed-upon definition of when a patient is receiving CKM made it difficult to obtain meaningful data on the numbers of such patients. Fifty-two percent provided the number of CKM patients age ≥ 75 years in 2012; the median was 45 per unit (interquartile range [IQR], 20-83). The median number of symptomatic CKM patients who would otherwise have started dialysis was eight (IQR, 4.5-22). CKM practice patterns varied: 35% had a written guideline, 23% had dedicated CKM clinics, 45% had dedicated staff, and 50% provided staff training on CKM. Most units (88%) provided primary care clinicians with information/advice regarding CKM. Eighty percent identified a need for better evidence comparing outcomes on CKM versus dialysis, and 65% considered it appropriate to enter patients into a randomized trial. CONCLUSIONS CKM is provided in almost all UK renal units, but scale and organization vary widely. Lack of common terminology and definitions hinders the development and assessment of CKM. Many survey respondents expressed support for further research comparing outcomes with conservative care versus dialysis.
SleeveAR: Augmented Reality for Rehabilitation using Realtime Feedback

We present an intelligent user interface that allows people to perform rehabilitation exercises by themselves under the offline supervision of a therapist. Every year, many people suffer injuries that require rehabilitation. This entails considerable time overheads since it requires people to perform specified exercises under the direct supervision of a therapist. Therefore it is desirable that patients continue performing exercises outside the clinic (for instance at home, thus without direct supervision), to complement in-clinic physical therapy. However, to perform rehabilitation tasks accurately, patients need appropriate feedback, as otherwise provided by a physical therapist, to ensure that these unsupervised exercises are correctly executed. Different approaches address this problem, providing feedback mechanisms to aid rehabilitation. Unfortunately, test subjects frequently report having trouble to completely understand the feedback thus provided, which makes it hard to correctly execute the prescribed movements. Worse, injuries may occur due to incorrect performance of the prescribed exercises, which severely hinders recovery. SleeveAR is a novel approach to provide real-time, active feedback, using multiple projection surfaces to provide effective visualizations. Empirical evaluation shows the effectiveness of our approach as compared to traditional video-based feedback. Our experimental results show that our intelligent UI can successfully guide subjects through an exercise prescribed (and demonstrated) by a physical therapist, with performance improvements between consecutive executions, a desirable goal to successful rehabilitation.
Predicting help-seeking behavior: The impact of knowing someone close who has sought help

ABSTRACT Objectives: This study sought to replicate and extend research on social facilitators of college student's help seeking for psychological problems. Participants: We collected data on 420 ethnically diverse college students at a large public university (September 2008–May 2010). Methods: Students completed a cross-sectional online survey. Results: We found that students who were aware of close others' (eg, family, friends) help seeking were two times more likely to have sought formal (eg, psychologist) and informal (eg, clergy) help themselves. Tests of moderation revealed the incremental effect (ie, controlling for help-seeking attitudes, internalizing symptoms, cultural demographics) of close others' formal help seeking was strong and significant for men (R2 = 0.112), while it was negligible and nonsignificant for women (R2 = .002). Conclusions: We discuss the importance for students—particularly men—to learn about close others' help seeking for facilitating their own help seeking during times of distress.
Hemophilia: an updated review.

Introduction Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that results in either an inactive or inadequate supply of a plasma protein needed for normal blood clotting. The two most common forms are hemophilia A and B, caused by a defect or deficiency in clotting factors VIII and IX, respectively. Both types are X-linked recessive disorders characterized by prolonged bleeding and hemorrhages, typically into joints and soft tissues. Hemophilia C is an autosomal recessive defect that results in a deficiency of factor XI. Marked by bleeding in mucous membranes, hemophilia C exhibits a somewhat different clinical pattern of hemorrhaging than hemophilia A or B but similar to that in von Willebrand disease. This review will focus on hemophilia A and B. Hemophilia has served as a model for the treatment of chronic illness through the comprehensive approach to care. If a child who has hemophilia is managed appropriately with early factor replacement therapy and attempts to avoid the long-term consequences of bleeding, the prospects for a long, full, and healthy life are very good. Epidemiology/Genetic Transmission The incidence of hemophilia A and B is about 15 to 20 per 100 000 males born worldwide and occurs in all races and socioeconomic groups. Hemophilia A, also known as "classical hemophilia," accounts for about 80% of cases of hemophilia, occurs in one of 10 000 male births, and affects about 17 500 individuals in North America.
Question/statement judgments: An fMRI study of intonation processing

We examined changes in fMRI BOLD signal associated with question/statement judgments in an event‐related paradigm to investigate the neural basis of processing one aspect of intonation. Subjects made judgments about digitized recordings of three types of utterances: questions with rising intonation (RQ; e.g., “She was talking to her father? ”), statements with a falling intonation (FS; e.g., “She was talking to her father.”), and questions with a falling intonation and a word order change (FQ; e.g., “Was she talking to her father? ”). Functional echo planar imaging (EPI) scans were collected from 11 normal subjects. There was increased BOLD activity in bilateral inferior frontal and temporal regions for RQ over either FQ or FS stimuli. The study provides data relevant to the location of regions responsive to intonationally marked illocutionary differences between questions and statements. Hum Brain Mapping 23:85–98, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NAP1 Family Histone Chaperones Are Required for Somatic Homologous Recombination in Arabidopsis[C][W]

This work examines two types of histone chaperones and shows that depletion of NAP1 leads to decreased somatic homologous recombination (HR), but depletion of CAF-1 leads to increased HR and telomere shortening, which are NAP1 dependent and NAP1 independent, respectively. These results highlight distinct nucleosome assembly/disassembly pathways in regulation of genome stability and variability. Homologous recombination (HR) is essential for maintaining genome integrity and variability. To orchestrate HR in the context of chromatin is a challenge, both in terms of DNA accessibility and restoration of chromatin organization after DNA repair. Histone chaperones function in nucleosome assembly/disassembly and could play a role in HR. Here, we show that the NUCLEOSOME ASSEMBLY PROTEIN1 (NAP1) family histone chaperones are required for somatic HR in Arabidopsis thaliana. Depletion of either the NAP1 group or NAP1-RELATED PROTEIN (NRP) group proteins caused a reduction in HR in plants under normal growth conditions as well as under a wide range of genotoxic or abiotic stresses. This contrasts with the hyperrecombinogenic phenotype caused by the depletion of the CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY FACTOR-1 (CAF-1) histone chaperone. Furthermore, we show that the hyperrecombinogenic phenotype caused by CAF-1 depletion relies on NRP1 and NRP2, but the telomere shortening phenotype does not. Our analysis of DNA lesions, H3K56 acetylation, and expression of DNA repair genes argues for a role of NAP1 family histone chaperones in nucleosome disassembly/reassembly during HR. Our study highlights distinct functions for different families of histone chaperones in the maintenance of genome stability and establishes a crucial function for NAP1 family histone chaperones in somatic HR.
Innocence Betrayed: Paedophilia, the Media and Society

Acknowledgements. Introduction. 1. A Short History Of Sex Offending. 2. Paedophiles. 3. Beyond Victimhood. 4. Dealing With Paedophiles Within The Penal System. 5. Protecting The Community. 6. Release. 7. Communities In Need Of 'Community Notificationa . 8. Named And Shamed. 9. a Charliea s Angelsa And How To Protect Our Children. Bibliography. Index.
Schizotypy: Consideration of neurological soft signs, language and affective factors

II KEY ABBREVIATIONS . IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . V TABLE OF CONTENTS . VII LIST OF TABLES . XII LIST OF FIGURES . XIV THESIS PUBLICATIONS AND MANUSCRIPTS UNDER REVIEW . XV STATEMENT OF VERIFICATION . XVI 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Overview . 1 2 THE PSYCHOSIS CONTINUUM . 3 2.1 Schizophrenia . 3 2.2 Schizotypal personality disorder . 4 2.3 Schizotypy . 6 3 THE PSYCHOSIS CONTINUUM AND CO-OCCURRING RISK FACTORS . 11 3.1 Auditory-verbal hallucinations (AVH) . 11 3.1.1 Prevalence of AVH and related phenomena . 13 3.1. 2 Comparison of clinical and non-clinical hallucinations in adult populations . 14 3.1. 3 Significance of the schizotypal personality trait . 22 3.2 Affective temperament . 25 3.3 Psychological distress . 26 4 NEURODEVELOPMENTAL FACTORS ALONG THE PSYCHOSIS CONTINUUM . 28 4.1 Neurological Soft Signs (NSS) . 28 4.1.1 NSS in patients with schizophrenia and their relatives . 28 4.1. 2 NSS in schizotypy . 32 4.2 Language processing abnormalities . 36 4.2.1 Reduced language lateralisation . 38
Prosody Beyond Fundamental Frequency Greg Kochanski 2006 / 01 / 29 23 : 02 : 20 UTC

This document is available at http://kochanski.org/gpk/papers/2005/2005BeyondF0.pdf . It will be published in Methods in Empirical Prosody Research, edited by S. Sudhoff, D. Lenertov’a, R. Meyer, S. Pappert, P. Augurzky I. Mleinek, N. Richter, and J. Schließer. Published in Berlin, New York by De Gruyter in the Language, Context and Cognition Series, to be published in June 2006. ISBN 3-11-018856-2.