Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Construction of Recombinant Rabies Virus Vectors Expressing H or F Protein of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus

Simple Summary Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is one of the most contagious and fatal diseases of small ruminants. In this study, two recombinant viruses rSRV9-H and rSRV9-F, which express the envelope glycoprotein H (hemagglutinin protein) or F (fusion protein) protein, respectively, were successfully generated with a rabies virus as vector. The constructed viruses had good proliferative activity and stability and provided potential bivalent inactivated vaccine candidate strains for the prevention of PPR and livestock rabies. Abstract Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is one of the most contagious and fatal diseases of small ruminants in the world and is classified as a category A epidemic disease. It is the target of a global eradication campaign led by the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The PPR live attenuated vaccine is currently the most widely used and approved vaccine, but the use of this vaccine interferes with the serological testing of the PPR elimination program, and there is a potential safety risk. Viral vector vaccines are one of the most promising methods to solve this dilemma. In this study, the full-length infectious clone plasmid of rabies virus (RABV), pD-SRV9-PM-LASV, was used as the backbone, and the envelope glycoprotein H (hemagglutinin protein) or F (fusion protein) gene of PPRV was inserted into the backbone plasmid to construct the infectious clones pD-SRV9-PM-PPRV-H and pD-SRV9-PM-PPRV-F, which express the PPRV H and PPRV F genes, respectively. The correct construction of these infectious clones was verified after sequencing and double digestion. The infectious clones were transfected with a helper plasmid into BSR/T7 cells, and recombinant viruses were successfully rescued by direct immunofluorescence, indirect immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and transmission electron microscopy and named rSRV9-H and rSRV9-F. The results of growth kinetics studies indicated that the inserted gene did not affect virus proliferation. Stability studies revealed that the inserted target gene was stably expressed in recombinant RABV for at least 15 generations. In this study, the recombinant viruses rSRV9-H and rSRV9-F were successfully rescued. The constructed viruses had good proliferative activity and stability and provided potential bivalent inactivated vaccine candidate strains for the prevention of PPR and livestock rabies.
Can CSR Impact the Reputation of a Company? From the Eyes of Different Stakeholders

This study investigates the impact of CSR on different stakeholder reputations. For this purpose, we consider reputation from the eyes of three major stakeholders—employees, investors, and customers. Content analysis technique based on a four-point scale was used to measure the CSR of the sample companies, whereas reputation was measured using an appropriate proxy from different stakeholders’ perspectives. System generalized method of moments (GMM) was employed to study the impact of CSR on different stakeholder reputation. The results pointed out that CSR has an insignificant impact on different stakeholder reputations. There is a need for Indian companies to disclose more quality information about their CSR actions to capitalize on its benefits in improving their reputation.
Dust Destruction Processes

Dust destruction occurs in a variety of interstellar environments, including regions of intense stellar radiation fields (HII regions, γ-ray bursts, .), in the hot gas behind supernova remnants and in interstellar shock waves. Overall the interstellar dust survival time in the galactic interstellar medium is dominated by the effects of dust destruction and disruption in supernova-generated shock waves in the warm intercloud medium. This review summarizes these destructive processes and indicates the typical destruction timescales.
Application of Neural Network Based on Visual Recognition in Color Perception Analysis of Intelligent Vehicle HMI Interactive Interface under User Experience

As a bridge of human-computer communication, the color design of intelligent vehicle HMI interactive interface is particularly important. It is also the first guide to the driver during the driving process. The quality of its design will also directly affect the driver's senses and the driving safety of the vehicle. Therefore, this paper introduces the current situation, design principle, and future development of the vehicle interaction interface from multiple perspectives. Through the neural network system (condition generation countermeasure network model) of visual recognition, the color of the intelligent vehicle HMI interactive interface under the user experience is analyzed. According to the analysis of the psychological cognition and behavior operation of the automobile user, the correlation analysis of the human, vehicle, environment, and various elements of the interface is carried out, and how the vehicle interactive interface can meet the expected physiological and psychological needs of the user more and improve the operability is discussed in order to design an on-board HMI interactive interface that can be intelligently perceived according to weather, driver's interests, and other factors and then improve the current backward operation mode of the on-board interactive interface, so that the interaction between people and vehicles is more smooth and pleasant.
Spin-Stand Measurements to Extract the Switching Distributions of Heat-Assisted Magnetic-Recording Media

A new measurement method to characterize the switching temperature distributions of heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) media at recording time scales is presented. The method uses HAMR components in conventional recording systems, such as spin-stand testers and hard disk drives. Using dc noise measurements, a 2-D map of the probability of grains switching is extracted as a function of the medium temperature and of the applied field, which are controlled by the HAMR head laser power and writer current, respectively. These measurements give access to details of the HAMR media temperature and field distributions, as well as provide useful information related to the operation of the HAMR system.
Feeding Ecology of Common Squid Todarodes pacificus in the South Sea of Korea Determined through Stable Isotope and Stomach Content Analyses

The common squid Todarodes pacificus is a dominant species within epipelagic communities and an important commercial species in the South and East seas of Korea and in the East China Sea. In this study, to examine the dietary composition, trophic position, and ontogenetic dietary shifts of the common squid, we analyzed stomach contents and stable isotope values (δ13C and δ15N) in muscle tissue across different body sizes (mantle length, ML) and seasons (winter, spring, and summer 2021) in the South Sea of Korea. Regardless of the season, the diet of the common squid predominantly comprised Pisces (37.9–94.0%) and Cephalopoda (6.0–61.0%). However, in the smallest individuals (ML < 10 cm), the stomach contents in August primarily comprised Crustacea (95.5%), thereby indicating a seasonal difference in dietary composition and ontogenetic dietary shifts only during summer. Similarly, our isotope results revealed seasonal isotopic variation among sampling periods and significant positive correlations between ML and both δ13C and δ15N values during the summer. These results reveal a seasonal variability in major diet components among the common squid of different size classes and that their feeding strategies are probably adjusted in response to the temporal availability of prey. Collectively, the findings of this study enhance our understanding of the feeding ecology of T. pacificus and thereby provide valuable information that will contribute to the ecological fishery management of this commercially important species.
Bandgap analysis of periodic composite microplates using curvature-based flexoelectricity: a finite element approach

A finite element model is proposed permitting prediction of elastic wave bandgaps of periodic composite microplates incorporating flexoelectric effect. In this model, we applied curvature-based flexoelectricity and Mindlin plate theories and derived a finite element formulation that has been implemented for bandgap analysis. The finite element model utilizes a three-node triangle element with 30 degrees of freedom satisfying Mindlin kinematics assumptions. It is based on a non-conforming interpolation scheme which provides nodal C 1 continuity and ensures compatibility with curvature-based flexoelectricity. The approach accounts for microstructure effects and, owing to the triangular element topology, can be used to assist the design of microplates with complex microstructures. Validation of the approach is performed through comparison with both analytical and numerical models, in which the effect of flexoelectricity on the bandgap is studied based on cases demonstrating size dependence. In the end, an application of the proposed model is provided where bandgap properties of an anti-tetrachiral metastructure are investigated.
HOW FAR AWAY ARE THE SOURCES OF ICECUBE NEUTRINOS? CONSTRAINTS FROM THE DIFFUSE TERAELECTRONVOLT GAMMA-RAY BACKGROUND

The nearly isotropic distribution of teraelectronvolt to petaelectronvolt neutrinos recently detected by the IceCube Collaboration suggests that they come from sources at a distance beyond our Galaxy, but how far away they are is largely unknown because of a lack of any associations with known sources. In this paper, we propose that the cumulative TeV gamma-ray emission accompanying the production of neutrinos can be used to constrain the distance of these neutrino sources, since the opacity of TeV gamma rays due to absorption by the extragalactic background light depends on the distance these TeV gamma rays have traveled. As the diffuse extragalactic TeV background measured by Fermi is much weaker than the expected cumulative flux associated with IceCube neutrinos, the majority of IceCube neutrinos, if their sources are transparent to TeV gamma rays, must come from distances larger than the horizon of TeV gamma rays. We find that above 80% of the IceCube neutrinos should come from sources at redshift z > 0.5. Thus, the chance of finding nearby sources correlated with IceCube neutrinos would be small. We also find that, to explain the flux of neutrinos under the TeV gamma-ray emission constraint, the redshift evolution of neutrino source density must be at least as fast as the cosmic star formation rate.
On the growth of pebble-accreting planetesimals

Pebble accretion is a new mechanism to quickly grow the cores of planets. In pebble accretion, gravity and gas drag conspire to yield large collisional cross sections for small particles in protoplanetary disks. However, before pebble accretion commences, aerodynamical deflection may act to prevent planetesimals from becoming large, because particles tend to follow gas streamlines. We derive the planetesimal radius where pebble accretion is initiated and determine the growth timescales of planetesimals by sweepup of small particles. We obtain the collision efficiency factor as the ratio of the numerically-obtained collisional cross section to the planetesimal surface area, from which we obtain the growth timescales. Integrations are conducted in the potential flow limit (steady, inviscid) and in the Stokes flow regime (steady, viscid). Only particles of stopping time $t_s \ll t_X$ where $t_X\approx10^3$ s experience aerodynamic deflection. Even in that case, the planetesimal's gravity always ensures positive collision factors. The maximum growth timescale occurs typically at around $R\approx100 \ \mathrm{km}$, but is less for colder disks, corresponding to interactions shifting to the Safronov focusing regime. For particles $t_s \gg t_X$ pebble accretion commences only after this phase and is characterized by a steep drop in growth timescales. Consequently, at distances beyond ~10 AU sweepup growth timescales are always longer than $10$ Myr, while in the inner disk (~<3 AU) the viability of the sweepup scenario is determined by the outcome of pebble-planetesimal collisions in the geometric regime. We present analytical fits for the collision efficiency factors and the minimum planetesimal size needed for pebble accretion. (Abridged)
Surface defect sample generation method based on GAN

In order to solve the insufficiency of training data when deep learning technology is applied to surface defect detection task, a surface defect generation algorithm based on generative adversarial network (GAN) was proposed to enhance training sample data. First, a U-shaped convolutional network was designed, and a spatial adaptive normalized structure was introduced to control the mask image to generate the defect shape, and the network from defect-free image to defect image was completed. Second, a multi-layer convolutional discriminant network is designed to extract adversarial feature of the real samples and generated samples. Finally, the adversarial training loss was designed and the generative network adversarial training was completed. Through quantitative contrast experiment, it is proved that the segmentation network has better segmentation results than without data augmentation after using the surface defect generation algorithm to generate data for data augmentation.
Axion dark matter, solitons and the cusp–core problem

Self-gravitating bosonic fields can support stable and localised field configurations. For real fields, these solutions oscillate in time and are known as oscillatons. The density profile is static, and is soliton. Such solitons should be ubiquitous in models of axion dark matter, with the soliton characteristic mass and size depending on some inverse power of the axion mass. Stable configurations of non-relativistic axions are studied numerically using the Schr\"{o}dinger-Poisson system. This method, and the resulting soliton density profiles, are reviewed. Using a scaling symmetry and the uncertainty principle, the core size of the soliton can be related to the central density and axion mass, $m_a$, in a universal way. Solitons have a constant central density due to pressure-support, unlike the cuspy profile of cold dark matter (CDM). One consequence of this fact is that solitons composed of ultra-light axions (ULAs) may resolve the `cusp-core' problem of CDM. In DM halos, thermodynamics will lead to a CDM-like Navarro-Frenk-White profile at large radii, with a central soliton core at small radii. Using Monte-Carlo techniques to explore the possible density profiles of this form, a fit to stellar-kinematical data of dwarf spheroidal galaxies is performed. In order for ULAs to resolve the cusp-core problem (without recourse to baryon feedback or other astrophysical effects) the axion mass must satisfy $m_a<1.1\times 10^{-22}\text{ eV}$ at 95\% C.L. On the other hand, ULAs with $m_a\lesssim 1\times 10^{-22}\text{ eV}$ are in some tension with cosmological structure formation. An axion solution to the cusp-core problem thus makes novel predictions for future measurements of the epoch of reionisation. On the other hand, this can be seen as evidence that structure formation could soon impose a \emph{Catch 22} on axion/scalar field DM, similar to the case of warm DM.
Phytate Hydrolysate Differently Modulates the Immune Response of Human Healthy and Cancer Colonocytes to Intestinal Bacteria

(1) Phytic acid (PA) is a component of cereal seeds and legumes, therefore its consumption is much higher in a vegan and vegetarian diet compared to a conventional diet. The diet is the main driver of metabolic activity of gut microbiota, therefore, the ability to degrade phytates by the microbiota of vegans significantly exceeds that of the gut microbiota of omnivores. The aim of the study was to investigate the early phase of the immune response of colonocytes treated with an enzymatic hydrolysate of phytic acid (hPA120) and gut bacteria. (2) Cell lines derived from healthy (NCM460D) and cancer (HCT116) colonic tissue and fecal bacteria from vegan (V) and omnivorous (O) donors were investigated. Fecal bacteria were grown in mucin and phytic acid supplemented medium. Cultured bacteria (BM) were loaded onto colonocytes alone (V BM and O BM) or in combination with the phytate hydrolysate (V BM + hPA120 and O BM + hPA120). After a treatment of 2 h, bacterial adhesion, secretion of cytokines, and the expression of genes and proteins important for immune response were determined. (3) All bacteria-treated colonocytes increased the expression of IL8 compared to controls. The significant increase of the secreted IL-8 (p < 0.01) in both cell lines was observed for O BM and O BM + hPA120. The increase of TNF, IL-1β, and IL-10 secretion in healthy colonocytes (V BM alone and with hPA120 treatments; p < 0.05) and for TNF and IL-10 in cancer cells (treatments except O BM + hPA120 and V BM, respectively; p > 0.05) were stated. A comparison of solely the effect of hPA120 on bacteria-treated colonocytes (BM vs. BM + hPA120) showed that hPA120 decreased expression of NFkB1 and TNFR (p < 0.001) in healthy colonocytes. In cancer colonocytes, the expression of TLR4 and IL1R increased after BM + hPA120 treatment, whereas the secretion of IL-8 and MYD88 and TNFR expression decreased (p < 0.01). (4) The investigated hPA120 showed a differentiated modulatory activity on the immune response of healthy and cancer human colonocytes. Especially when analyzed independently on the gut bacteria origin, it reduced the proinflammatory response of HCT116 cells to gut bacteria, while being neutral for the bacteria-treated healthy colonocytes.
Brittle fracture down to femto-Joules - and below

We analyze large sets of energy-release data created by stress-induced brittle fracture in a pure sapphire crystal at close to zero temperature where stochastic fluctuations are minimal. The waiting-time distribution follows that observed for fracture in rock and for earthquakes. Despite strong time correlations of the events and the presence of large-event precursors, simple prediction algorithms only succeed in a very weak probabilistic sense. We also discuss prospects for further cryogenic experiments reaching close to single-bond sensitivity and able to investigate the existence of a transition-stress regime.
Chemical Properties of Peanut Oil from Arachis hypogaea L. ‘Tainan 14’ and Its Oxidized Volatile Formation

Arachis hypogaea L. ‘Tainan 14’ has purple skin characteristics. This study investigated the effects of different materials (shelled or unshelled peanuts) and temperatures (120 or 140 °C) on the properties of extracted peanut oil. The results show that its antioxidant components (total flavonoid, α–tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol) and oxidative stability were mainly affected by the roasting temperature (p < 0.05). Fifty-eight volatile compounds were identified by peanut oil oxidation and divided into three main groups during the roasting process using principal component analysis. The volatile formation changes of different materials and temperatures were assessed by agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis. These results provide useful reference information for peanut oil applications in the food industry.
Magnetization reversal in patterned La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 thin films by magneto-optical Kerr imaging

The magnetization reversal process in patterned La0.67Sr0. 33MnO3 thin films has been studied at room temperature using the magneto-optical Kerr effect. The 100 and 200nm thick films were patterned into 50μm long rectangles of various widths in the 20–50μm range. In each rectangle, holes with 2 and 5μm diameters were patterned aiming at pinning the domain walls. X-ray diffraction study revealed high structural quality of both films. However, the macroscopic surface properties of both films were different, as shown by optical microscopy, which revealed cracks in the thicker film. For each thickness, both the magnetic domain images and the local magnetic hysteresis loops were recorded. For both films, the magnetization reversal process consists in nucleation and propagation of magnetic domains. In the 100nm thick film, the local hysteresis loops depend on the widths of the patterned rectangles and we observed a significant effect of the hole in pinning domains walls, leading to multiple switching transitions.
Registration of voice quality

Long-time~average-spectra recordings of normal voices as well as an average spectrum of such LTAS-registrations are shown and discussed. For comparisons of voice qualities we have tried to set up a new parameter, α, which is a measure of the intensity relations in the higher and the lower parts of the speech spectrum: α = intensity above 1000 Hz / intensity below 1000 Hz. Because the spectrum above 1000 Hz is normalized relative to the spectrum below 1000 Hz, α is independent of microphone distance, amplification level, etc. α seems to be a good acoustic correlate to the physiological term "medial compression", and preliminary research indicates that it is relevant to evaluations and comparisons of voice qualities. The "quality parameter" is represented graphically by histograms showing the number of α-values automatically sampled during a read text, and it is displayed on a storage oscilloscope along the vertical axis. The horizontal axis is used for displaying the total speech intensity.
Fine-grained classification of natural scene grape images based on deep convolution networks

Grape is an important fruit in the world, there are so many kinds of grapes that we must identify their category for the requirements of agricultural product quality inspection, it is difficult to realize the large-scale grape classification by traditional artificial methods. In the past several years, the accuracy of image classification had been improved due to the application of deep convolution networks, however, the recognition of natural scene fine-grained image is a difficult task in the field of computer vision. Usually, agricultural grapes grow in natural and complex orchard environment, the quality of photographed images will be influenced by illumination, shadow and blur, etc. It is hard to categorize these natural scene subclasses and interclass images due to the similarity and environmental interference of them. We obtain natural scene grape images and divide them into 9-category dataset for the first, and then divide the dataset into 10-category due to the significant difference in recall value of Yongyou-one grape, transfer learning based on Inception-v3 and a number of deep convolutional networks are used to analyze the classification performances of fine-grained image dataset, the size of network model and the number of dataset are analyzed respectively in the work. We obtain 98.494% classification accuracy on 10-category dataset, which is relative improvement to 0.8% on 9-category dataset, and the loss value of 10-category dataset is more stable than that of 9-category.
To the positive miscut influence on the crystal collimation efficiency

The paper concerns the crystal based collimation suggested to upgrade the Large Hadron Collider collimation system. The issue of collimation efficiency dependence on the muscut angle characterizing nonparallelity of the channeling planes and crystal surface is mainly addressed. It is shown for the first time that even the preferable positive miscut could severely deteriorate the channeling collimation efficiency in the crystal collimation UA9 experiment. We demonstrate that the positive miscut influence can increase the nuclear reaction rate in the perfectly aligned crystal collimator by a factor of 4.5. We also discuss the possible miscut influence on the future LHC crystal collimation system performance as well as suggest simple estimates for the beam diffusion step, average impact parameter of particle collisions with the collimator and angular divergence of the colliding particle beam portion.