Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Russian SuperGLUE 1.1: Revising the Lessons not Learned by Russian NLP models

In the last year, new neural architectures and multilingual pre-trained models have been released for Russian, which led to performance evaluation problems across a range of language understanding tasks. This paper presents Russian SuperGLUE 1.1, an updated benchmark styled after GLUE for Russian NLP models. The new version includes a number of technical, user experience and methodological improvements, including fixes of the benchmark vulnerabilities unresolved in the previous version: novel and improved tests for understanding the meaning of a word in context (RUSSE) along with reading comprehension and common sense reasoning (DaNetQA, RuCoS, MuSeRC). Together with the release of the updated datasets, we improve the benchmark toolkit based on \texttt{jiant} framework for consistent training and evaluation of NLP-models of various architectures which now supports the most recent models for Russian. Finally, we provide the integration of Russian SuperGLUE with a framework for industrial evaluation of the open-source models, MOROCCO (MOdel ResOurCe COmparison), in which the models are evaluated according to the weighted average metric over all tasks, the inference speed, and the occupied amount of RAM. Russian SuperGLUE is publicly available at https://russiansuperglue.com/.
Influences of black carbon levels in the micro-environment inside urban buses

Several studies indicate that the cabin of buses is the micro-environment in urban public transport where commuters might be the most exposed to black carbon. Black carbon functions as an indicator of air pollution, which is shown to have harmful impacts on the human body and because it may lead to cancers, systemic inflammation, and cardiovascular diseases, it is listed as one of the top causes to premature deaths, globally. This makes it important to understand what mechanisms there are to the elevated levels of pollutants in urban buses, and by performing mobile in-cabin measurements of black carbon concentrations during 55 bus trips in the public transport system of Stockholm, this study have tried to assess the influences from using different types of fuel, self-contamination, meteorological conditions and driving factors. Although concentrations showed large variability both spatially and temporally, idling at intensely trafficked bus stops showed an average increase of concentrations by 42% compared to the overall average. The risk of allowing increased number of pollutants at bus stops increases with idling for longer time and having the doors open meanwhile.
New Products and Long-term Welfare

A middle-class member of the developed world today has access to foods, medicines, electronics, and more to which not even the world’s richest had access, say, five hundred years ago. These new goods and services plausibly leave her better off than the kings of the past, even though the kings of the past had access to dramatically more of the products available at the time. This is so even though these figures often held assets and enjoyed consumption baskets whose values at current prices far exceed modern middle class net worths and consumption expenditures, and even though these figures are, accordingly, typically considered among the richest people ever to have lived. A common interpretation of this observation is that inflation is underestimated. I will argue that this interpretation is mistaken. In some cases, and likely in the empirical case, no adjustments to price indices can allow for welfare-relevant unidimensional consumption comparisons across periods following the introduction of new products. Failing to recognize this impossibility confuses our attempts to understand the extent to which people today are better off than in the past—and, more decision-relevantly, the extent to which changes in the rate of economic growth will affect how much better off people are in the future. Instead, therefore, I propose a basic framework for understanding growth which can better capture the full range of possible relationships between growth and longterm welfare in light of new product introduction. I then find the conditions under which the framework is compatible with the relevant stylized facts of growth, and I give the resulting model a simple microfoundation. Finally, I note an immediate implication of a framework of this form: it successfully predicts a difference, in the observed direction, between relative risk aversion and intertemporal substitution elasticity—as, for instance, appears to underlie the equity premium puzzle—without
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY OF GALECTIN-3 (GAL-3) AND THYROID PEROXIDASE (TPO) MARKERS IN RELATION TO GENDER AND AGE IN PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA (PTC) PATIENTS IN IRAQ

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)is one of the most common tumors in Iraq.The incidence of females is more than males, The confirmation the validity of the tumour and its type was the aim of this research by using Gal-3 and TPOimmune markers to find the correlation between them and the diagnosis ofPTC Twentynine tissue samples from male and female papillary adenocarcinomas were used to find the correlation between Gal-3 and TPO for use in diagnosing tumors. We findpositive correlation between these immune markers and gender with thyroid papillary carcinoma ( PTC ).
Development of technology for the production of a lightweight observation and protective container (LOOK) made of nanostructured ultra-strength steels

The article contains results of research and analyses concerning application of nanostructured bainitic steel in the form of plates for manufacturing of armour components. The presented results of examination of microstructure and properties include a wide range of laboratory experiments and industrial tests, which resulted in the achievement of the assumed functional properties. In the period of 2017-2021, a scientific and industrial consortium consisting of Łukasiewicz – Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy (leader); WITPiS, Tarnów Mechanical Works, Alchemia and Heatmasters Poland carried out a project funded by the POIR 04.01. 04 programme aimed to develop the design and to manufacture an observation and protective container with a specified resistance to penetration by armour-piercing projectiles and with a lower mass of steel armouring in relation to that currently produced. The aim of the project was achieved by using armour plates made of nanostructured bainitic steel (nanobainitic), which are characterised by high resistance to high-energy impact concentrated in a small area. The technological tests carried out in the project mainly concerned the development of a new container and industrial technology of armour plates production and their application in the armour of this container. Based on the results of investigation of the semi-industrial scale material, the optimum chemical composition for industrial scale melting and casting was determined. An industrial technology for the production of plates of nano-structured bainitic steel was developed, which includes the following processes: smelting and casting, preliminary heat treatment and ingot hot processing, as well as hot rolling, final heat treatment, and surface treatment. A test batch of the material in the form of 1500×2470 mm armoured plates was fabricated under industrial conditions. The final result of the project is a container armoured with bainitic nanostructured steel plates with implementation documentation and a technology for producing armoured plates from this steel under the technical and technological conditions of domestic steel manufacturers.
Engaging Families in Sustainable Healthy Living

As obesity is increasing in many countries, helping people manage their weight has become an important issue. Medical research has shown that the family context may be important to promote lifestyle changes. Our work aims at designing a collaborative and interactive environment to engage a family in support of an individual needing to manage his or her weight. Author
Hormonal Control of Silk Production in Silkworm, Bombyx mori

The domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori L. , is one of the most useful insects in agdculture. Before the World War II, Japanese sericulture was the most important export industry, and produced about 400,000 ton of the silkworm cocoon. Although it was decreased extremely during the War, this industry is still important in Japanese agriculture. Bombyx mori is classified as belonging to the order Lepidoptera, the suborder Heteroneura, and the family Bombycidae (Tazima et al., 1975). Newly hatched larvae grow very quickly, feeding solely on mulberry leaves, and they become mature larvae after 20-23 days, then spin cocoon with silk materials from fully-grown silk gland. The silk gland produces a large amounts of various silk proteins (fibroin and three kinds of sericins). The gland is a large, tubular gland, and is composed with anterior, middle, and posterior divisions (Fig. 1) . The main fibrous component of silk fibroin is produced in the posterior division of the gland, while the gelatinous component, sericin, which coats the fibroin, is secreted in the middle division. The silk gland is also one of the most effective organ for insect hormones, especially, ecdysone and juvenile hormone ( JH). Growth and differentiations of the gland cells are accelerated by ecdysone, and are controled by JH. JH administrations induced additional accumulation of silk protein in the gland (Akai et al., 1971). Methoprane, a kind of synthetic JH analogues, was developed as a commercial drug in 1977, and named "Manta". The Manta is starting to be used by Japanese sericultural farmers to produce more silk. In this paper, the author will describe the recent studies and the progress on hormonal Fig. 1. Schematic drawing of the silkgland of Bombyx larva at the mature stage. ap : anterior division, mp: middle division, l : an terior piece of middle division, 2 : middle piece. 3 : posterior piece, pp : posterior division, sp : spinneret, f: Filippi's gland
Dense Crowd Detection based on Deep Learning

In response to the recurrence of new coronavirus pneumonia, governments of various countries have proposed a variety of intervention measures, including strict restrictions on crowd gathering activities. Based on this, this article proposes a flow calculation system based on deep learning, which can calculate the flow of people in large areas such as scenic spots and shopping malls. In the existing solutions, when the crowd density reaches a certain value, people will block each other, which reduces the detection accuracy, and the data has no reference value. For this reason, this paper designs an interleaved feature extraction network, which uses the attention mechanism connection scheme to process the feature information. In addition, this paper chooses a faster-RCNN detector, whose RPN network structure helps eliminate false detections and improve detection accuracy. The experimental results show that the feature extraction network based on the faster-RCNN detector proposed in this paper has a recognition rate of 89.8% under low crowd density and 83.7% under high crowd density and severe occlusion, which has certain practical value.
Evaluation of Factors Affecting the Expression of Anti-HBs in Children in Hunan Province

Background and objectives Vaccine is the most essential avenue to prevent hepatitis B infection in infants and preschool children in China, with the largest populations carrying hepatitis B virus in the world. This study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the response level of anti-HBs in children, with a view to provide instructions for hepatitis B prevention clinically. MethodsThe children taking physical examinations in the Third Xiangya Hospital from January 2013 to April 2020 were recruited. Telephone follow-up were adopted to collect further information. Univariate logistic regression was used to analyse the relationship between age and anti-HBs expression. After grouping by age and anti-HBs expression, we used chi-square test and T test to compare the difference between positive and negative antibody expression in each age subgroup. The meaningful variables (P<0.10) in chi-square test and T test were assessed with collinearity and chosen for univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis by the stepwise backward maximum likelihood method (αin=0.05, αout=0.10). ResultsA total of 5838 samples (3362 males, 57.6%) were enrolled. The outcomes showed that the expression of anti-HBs was associated with age [OR=1.037(1.022-1.051)] in whole sample. Anemia[OR=0.392(0.185-0.835)], age[OR=2.542(1.961-3.295)] and Vit D[OR=0.977(0.969-0.984)] in 0.5-2.99 years subgroup, Zinc deficiency[OR=0.713(0.551-0.923] and age[OR=1.151(1.028-1.289)] in 3-5.99 years subgroup, Vit D[OR=0.983(0.971-0.995)] in 12-18 years subgroup had significant effect on the expression of anti-HBs. Conclusions This retrospective study illustrated that age, anaemia status, zinc deficiency and vitamin D were associated with the expression of anti-HBs in different age groups children, which could serve as a reference for the prevention of hepatitis.
Intelligent Techniques for Detecting Network Attacks: Review and Research Directions

The significant growth in the use of the Internet and the rapid development of network technologies are associated with an increased risk of network attacks. Network attacks refer to all types of unauthorized access to a network including any attempts to damage and disrupt the network, often leading to serious consequences. Network attack detection is an active area of research in the community of cybersecurity. In the literature, there are various descriptions of network attack detection systems involving various intelligent-based techniques including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models. However, although such techniques have proved useful within specific domains, no technique has proved useful in mitigating all kinds of network attacks. This is because some intelligent-based approaches lack essential capabilities that render them reliable systems that are able to confront different types of network attacks. This was the main motivation behind this research, which evaluates contemporary intelligent-based research directions to address the gap that still exists in the field. The main components of any intelligent-based system are the training datasets, the algorithms, and the evaluation metrics; these were the main benchmark criteria used to assess the intelligent-based systems included in this research article. This research provides a rich source of references for scholars seeking to determine their scope of research in this field. Furthermore, although the paper does present a set of suggestions about future inductive directions, it leaves the reader free to derive additional insights about how to develop intelligent-based systems to counter current and future network attacks.
Numerical Approximations of Phase Field Models Using a General Class of Linear Time-Integration Schemes

In this paper, we develop a new class of linear time-integration schemes for phase-field models. The newly proposed schemes extend the recently developed energy quadratization technique by introducing extra free parameters to further stabilize the schemes and improve their accuracy. The freshly proposed schemes have several advantages. First of all, they are rather generic such that they apply to most existing phase-field models in the literature. The resulted schemes are also linear in time, which means only a linear system needs to be solved during each time marching step. Thus, it significantly reduces the computational cost. Besides, they are unconditionally energy stable such that a larger time step size is practical. What is more, the solution existence and uniqueness in each time step are guaranteed without any dependence on the time step size. To demonstrate the generality of the proposed schemes, we apply them to several typical examples, including the widely-used molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) model, the Cahn-Hilliard equation, and the diblock copolymer model. Numerical tests reveal that the proposed schemes are accurate and efficient. This new family of linear and unconditionally energy stable schemes provides insights in developing numerical approximations for general phase field models. AMS subject classifications: 65M06, 65M12, 65M70
Selection of a Multi-Functional Controller for the Software and Hardware Complex of an Automated Control System for a Thermal Power Plant

The article describes the main tasks that need to be solved when automating technological processes at TPS. Technological processes at TPS take place in difficult conditions, which complicates the management tasks. When creating an automated control system, modern software and technical complexes are used, which are developed by domestic manufacturers. The software and hardware complex allows you to solve all the problems of monitoring and controlling technological processes in all operating modes of power equipment. They can be used for both newly constructed and reconstructed energy facilities. The basis of the Software and hardware complex is programmable logic controllers that support medium and distributed automation. The article discusses some Russian-made controllers. Since 2019, the automated control system of the boiler-economizer is being designed by NVT-Systems at the Dzerzhinsk TPS. The implemented Software and hardware complex needs to be integrated into the existing automation structure, in addition, simplicity, reliability and redundancy are required. For these reasons, the REGUL500 controller was selected. The controller is characterized by very high performance, reliability, and the ability to work in distributed systems in real time. In addition, the advantages of the REGUL500 controllers are: high accuracy of the measuring channels; the possibility of hot-swapping modules of all types; resistance to external influences. The REGUL controller has a set of various Russian certificates of conformity.
Antigen experience relaxes the organisational structure of the T cell receptor repertoire

The creation and evolution of the T cell receptor repertoire within an individual combines stochastic and deterministic processes. We systematically examine the structure of the repertoire in different T cell subsets in young, adult and LCMV infected mice, from the perspective of variable gene usage, nucleotide sequences and amino acid motifs. Young individuals share a high level of organization, especially in the frequency distribution of variable genes and amino acid motifs. In adult mice, this structure relaxes and is replaced by idiotypic evolution of the effector and regulatory repertoire. The repertoire of CD4+ regulatory T cells was more similar to naïve cells in young mice, but became more similar to effectors with age. Finally, we observed a dramatic restructuring of the repertoire following infection with LCMV. We hypothesize that the stochastic process of recombination and thymic selection initially impose a strong structure to the repertoire, which gradually relaxes following asynchronous responses to different antigens during life.
PERIODISMO Y AGENDA SETTING: UNA DISCUSIÓN SOBRE EL INTERÉS POR ASUNTOS PÚBLICOS DE LA CIUDADANÍA

En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la capacidad de los medios para fijar la agenda de discusión pública de la ciudadanía en el contexto actual. Se discute la teoría de la agenda setting y su evolución temática y temporal en los últimos cuarenta años, asimismo se reflexiona en torno a tres asuntos específicos: 1) la problematización de lo que significa un clic, 2) la necesidad de orientación como generadora de interés por asuntos públicos y 3) el interés de la ciudadanía y su manera de participar en política en la actualidad. Se presentan ejemplos de dos campañas presidenciales (2014 y 2018) en Costa Rica. A pesar de la preferencia del público por el consumo de noticias sobre asuntos que no son de interés público, también se identifican pistas que apuntan hacia una ciudadanía con, por lo menos, algún grado de interés sobre asuntos públicos.
Role expectations

According to Treisman (Treisman and Schmidt, 1982) feature detection occurs in p a r a l l e l , while the correct integration of detected features into an object requires focal attention. She has proposed that in the absence of attention, subjects w i l l perceive " i l l u s o r y conjunctions", or invented objects constructed out of features a c t u a l l y present in a display. The present experiments were designed to examine how the presence of expectations might affect the feature integration process and the construction of i l l u s o r y conjunctions. The results of these experiments suggest that expectations do affe c t the perception of simple objects: subjects make more i l l u s o r y conjunctions in the absence of expectations, and the perception of expected objects i s the most accurate. However, the data indicate that expectations do not exert t h i s influence by guiding the feature integration process, because subjects do not tend to construct expected objects out of features appearing in a display. As a re s u l t , i t is l i k e l y that expectations are i n f l u e n t i a l not by determining the construction of object f i l e s , but by speeding up the i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of the features of expected objects, so that focal attention can be applied, and object f i l e s constructed, more e f f i c i e n t l y . As a r e s u l t , the perception of expected objects can be accurately accomplished in a shorter amount of time.
Biomechanical Considerations in the Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysm Study (UCAS Japan): Rupture Risk and True Stress of Wall

When an unruptured aneurysm is found, deciding whether to operate or follow up is one of the most important issues. There are guidelines for making the best final decision on treatment, taking into account the effectiveness of diagnostic and therapeutic devices and the risk-benefit ratio of patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals. The guidelines evidence-based of large clinical data for this purpose are presented by national medical societies. As one of the rupture risk indicators, there is the hazard risk ratio derived by the UCAS Japan research group based on the statistical method of 6697 aneurysms in 5720 patients with cerebral aneurysms of 3 mm or more. Therefore, we investigated the biomechanical significance of this hazard risk ratio using a spherical aneurysm model. It was revealed that 1) the reason why the frequency of aneurysm rupture is relatively high up to about 10 mm, 2) the UCAS hazard risk ratio corresponds to stress of the aneurysm wall, and the true stress can be calculated by multiplying the patient’s blood pressure, and 3) the factors that cause the daughter’s sac (irregular protrusion of the aneurysm wall). In addition, our two methods for measuring the strength of the How to cite this paper: Nogata, F. , Yokota, Y. , Kawamura, Y. , Morita, H. , Uno, Y. , Mouri, T. , Walsh, W.R. , Kawamura, T. , Hotta, N. and Kagechika, K. (2021) Biomechanical Considerations in the Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysm Study (UCAS Japan): Rupture Risk and True Stress of Wall. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, 9, 172-189. https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2021. 910015 Received: September 3, 2021 Accepted: October 24, 2021 Published: October 27, 2021 Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access