Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Developments in the Management of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial carcinoma with a specific geographic distribution. It affected an estimated 129,000 patients worldwide in 2018, with the highest incidences are in regions in Southeast Asia (especially in South China), and North Africa [1]. NPC is categorized into three pathological subtypes on the basis of WHO criteria. Differentiated tumours with surface keratin are defined as type I, whereas types II and III refer to non-keratinising differentiated and undifferentiated tumours, respectively. Types II and III were combined into a single category of nonkeratinising carcinoma which constitutes most cases in endemic areas (>95%) [2]. EBV infection, host genetics, environmental factors and other factors are contributors in the occurrence and development of NPC. Among them, EBV infection may be the most common cause of NPC [3]. The nasopharynx is anatomically concealed, and it is adjacent to important organs such as brainstem, optic nerve and optic chiasm. NPC is prone to early retropharyngeal and cervical lymph node metastasis and local skull base invasion. More than 70% of NPC receive a diagnosis of locoregionally advanced (LA) disease at presentation. Distant metastasis predominates as the pattern of disease relapse, which accounts for approximately 70% of patients with cancer-specific mortality [4]. Radiotherapy (RT) is the cornerstone of initial treatment due to its radiosensitive characteristic and deep-seated location. Given the
Resurrecting b ¯ bh with kinematic shapes

: The associated production of a b ¯ b pair with a Higgs boson could provide an important probe to both the size and the phase of the bottom-quark Yukawa coupling, y b . However, the signal is shrouded by several background processes including the irreducible Zh, Z → b ¯ b background. We show that the analysis of kinematic shapes provides us with a concrete prescription for separating the y b -sensitive production modes from both the irreducible and the QCD-QED backgrounds using the b ¯ bγγ ﬁnal state. We draw a page from game theory and use Shapley values to make Boosted Decision Trees interpretable in terms of kinematic measurables and provide physics insights into the variances in the kinematic shapes of the diﬀerent channels that help us complete this feat. Adding interpretability to the machine learning algorithm opens up the black-box and allows us to cherry-pick only those kinematic variables that matter most in the analysis. We resurrect the hope of constraining the size and, possibly, the phase of y b using kinematic shape studies of b ¯ bh production with the full HL-LHC data and at FCC-hh.
What’s so naı̈ve about naı̈ve realism?

Naı̈ve Realism claims that veridical perceptual experiences essentially consist in genuine relations between perceivers and mind-independent objects and their features. The contemporary debate in the philosophy of perception has devoted little attention to assessing one of the main motivations to endorse Naı̈ve Realism– namely, that it is the only view which articulates our ‘intuitive’ conception of perception. In this paper, I first clarify in which sense Naı̈ve Realism is supposed to be ‘naı̈ve’. In this respect, I argue that it is put forward as the only view which can take our introspective knowledge of perception at face value, and I identify the two (alleged) key features of such introspective knowledge. Second, I challenge the claim that one of these features-namely, that it seems as one could not be in the same perceptual state unless the putative objects of perception existed and were perceived–is introspectively evident. Consequently, I argue that a view of perceptual experience–such as Intentionalism–which denies that this feature is true of perception can still take introspection at face value. This undermines the claim that Naı̈ve Realism is the only account which accommodates our intuitions on the nature of perception.
Renovation and Performance Study of SPV Power Plant

The performance of a photovoltaic array implemented in the Block A Rooftop Solar Plant at National Institute of Solar Energy (NISE) which installed last 20 years ago is analyzed. This plant consists of 80 monocrystalline PV modules with a MPP power of 35 W under STC. This plant is divided into 4 parallel strings with each of 20 modules connected in series as string. The mismatch losses on different array configurations are analyzed firstly using measured IV characteristics for each module using a solar analyzer device, and secondly using MATLAB SIMULINK model. Infrared (IR) thermography testing is used for hot-spot [detection], cell line checking is used for interconnect integrity and electroluminescence (EL) testing is used for [detecting] degradation of some modules.
Chapter 5 Challenge of Virus Disease Threats to Ensuring Sustained Uptake of Vitamin-A-Rich Sweetpotato in Africa

Orange-fleshed sweetpotatoes (OFSP) are a rich source of pro-vitamin A and can alleviate vitamin A deficiency in the developing world. In Africa, traditional varieties have been almost exclusively white-fleshed and introduction and breeding of orange-fleshed varieties into Africa has been severely hampered by virus diseases to which many varieties are susceptible. Breeding progress to generate resistant varieties has been slow due to rare and recessive occurrence of resistance in breeding populations. Production of virus-free seed is complicated by the fact that most sweetpotato viruses show no or only limited symptoms and very low virus concentrations when infected by individual viruses, making them difficult to detect. Even single infections can lead to significant yield losses, but when they combine severe disease complexes are generated, which can lead to total crop failure. Significant efforts have been made in characterizing and understanding virus interactions in sweetpotato over the last two decades to address this challenge; they are reviewed in this chapter. We also review the state of the art in detection of viruses in support of seed systems and breeding. We conclude with recommendations for the most urgent future research directions needed to address virus problems in sweetpotatoes. J. Kreuze (*) International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru e-mail: j.kreuze@cgiar.org W. J. Cuellar International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia e-mail: w.cuellar@cgiar.org J. W. Low International Potato Center (CIP), Nairobi, Kenya e-mail: j.low@cgiar.org
Estructura e interpretación en la conversación coloquial: el papel del componente prosódico

«Structure and Interpretation in Spontaneous Oral Discourse: the Role of the Prosodic Framework». This work tries to show the weight of intonation in order to organize the spontaneous oral discourse. Thus, spoken language has an internal articulation, a prosodic framework in which utterances evolve coherently. Another important function of intonation in conversation is to make suitable the linguistic expression to the context and to the relationship speaker-hearer.
5 ID-Based Authentication for Mobile Conference Call

In this paper a secure conference call setu-up protocol is proposed for a mobile communication system. The proposed scheme uses ID-based concept and enables a mobile unit and a base station to authenticate each other. It has an additional feature of providing mobile subscribers with location privacy. Reauthentication in the course of handoff is also discussed.
SES-Based Inequality in Cerebrovascular Disease in Japan

In Japan, the mortality from cerebrovascular disease reached a peak in the late 1960s, and then began to drop consistently. The current cerebrovascular disease mortality is two thirds of the peak rate (Fig. 6.1). However, cerebrovascular disease is the most common underlying disease in functionally dependent older adults and cannot be overlooked in public health. Moreover, given the recent call of amending the issue of health inequality in Japan and worldwide, success in terms of the reduction in the national average is not sufficient. This chapter examines future cerebrovascular disease measures by reviewing socioeconomic status (SES)-related inequalities in cerebrovascular disease based on previous academic knowledge.
Trends of out‐mobility from large housing estates in Stockholm: influences of the housing policy and neighbourhood context

Since 1990s Stockholm housing market has seen deregulations in accordance with liberalization trends in other European welfare states. The new governance principles together with increasing immigration and public rental housing conversions into cooperative housing in attractive inner city areas have put pressure on still rental-dominated estates because fewer rental dwellings must now cater to expanding numbers of people who have little choice on the housing market. In recent decades, many estates have displayed increasing signs of stigmatization, social exclusion, and outflow of relatively affluent people. This paper improves our knowledge of how the housing policy and economic changes have affected out-mobility from the housing estates in case of three cohorts of young people and how the childhood neighbourhood conditions affect this. Individual annual Swedish registry data (1990–2014) are employed to longitudinally study the out-mobility patterns of three cohorts that grew up in the estates against the backdrop of marketization, growing inequality and deteriorating conditions. This study supplements the existing literature on housing estates by clarifying how income has become more and ethnicity less important over time in explaining sorting patterns from these estates. However, the combination of the two has determined sorting throughout the study period. Growing up in a higher socioeconomic status neighbourhood had modest impact on reducing socioeconomic differences in out-mobility from the estates, while leading to more sorting based on ethnic background.
Chapter 6 Bayesian Genomic Linear Regression 6 . 1 Bayes Theorem and Bayesian Linear Regression

Unlike classic statistical inference, which assumes that the parameter θ that defines the model is a fixed unknown quantity, in Bayesian inference it is considered as a random variable whose variation tries to represent the knowledge or ignorance about this, before the data points are collected (Box and Tiao 1992). The probability density function which describes such variation is known as the prior distribution and is an additional component in the specification of the complete model in a Bayesian framework. Given a data set yn = (y1, . . ., yn) whose distribution is assumed to be f(y| θ), and a prior distribution for the parameter θ, f(θ), the Bayesian analysis uses the Bayes theorem to combine these two pieces of information to obtain the posterior distribution of the parameters, on which the inference is fully based (Christensen et al. 2011):
Can protection motivation theory predict pro-environmental behaviour of small rural tourism enterprises? An extended model including community involvement

ABSTRACT This study explained the generation and implementation of pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) of small rural tourism enterprises (SRTEs) based on protection motivation theory (PMT), and discussed the effect of the contextual variable of community involvement on PEB of SRTEs. The results showed that: (a) the vulnerability to risks, severity of risks, response efficacy, and self-efficacy have significant effects on the pro-environmental behavioural intention (PEBI) of SRTEs; (b) SRTEs’ PEBI further significantly affects their PEB; and (c) community involvement can not only directly affect the PEB of SRTEs, but also positively moderate the relationship between PEBI and PEB of SRTEs.
Roles of authenticity and nostalgia in cultural heritage tourists’ travel experience sharing behavior on social media

ABSTRACT While modern tourists rely heavily on social media content, extant literature does not clarify what kind of travel experiences activate sharing behavior on social media. In the context of cultural heritage tourism, this study aims to examine the structural relationships among authenticity (i.e. objective, constructive, and existential), nostalgia (i.e. personal and historical), and travel experience sharing behavior on social media. For this, the data obtained based on 442 responses from domestic heritage tourists in South Korea were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicated the significant roles of existential authenticity and personal nostalgia in predicting heritage tourists’ sharing behavior.
Stabilization in frequency of a Laser Diode

A domino logic circuit is provided. The circuit includes an n-channel clock transistor coupled between a dynamic output node and a high voltage connection, the gate of the clock transistor further coupled to receive an inverse clock signal. A first inverter has an input connected to the dynamic output node. A second inverter with an input connected to the dynamic output node comprises a static CMOS circuit stage which serves as an output receiver circuit, the output of which is the output of the domino logic circuit. An n-channel level keeper transistor is connected between the dynamic output node and the high voltage connection, and the gate of the level keeper transistor is connected to the output of the first inverter. A pull-down circuit is connected between the dynamic output node and a low-voltage connection. An output predischarge transistor is connected between the output of the static CMOS circuit and the low voltage connection, and is coupled to and controlled by a clock signal at its gate.
Nuclear receptor interaction protein (NRIP) as a novel actin-binding protein involved in invadosome formation for myoblast fusion

To investigate the role of nuclear receptor interaction protein (NRIP) in myoblast fusion, both the primary myoblasts from muscle-specific NRIP-knockout mice and NRIP-null C2C12 cells (KO19 cells) exhibited a significant deficit in the fusion index during myogenesis; on the other hand, overexpressed NRIP in KO19 cells could rescue myotube formation. Furthermore, NRIP was found to interact with actin directly and reciprocally that is an invadosome component for myoblast fusion. Endogenous NRIP colocalized with components of invadosome such as F-actin, Tks5, and cortactin at the tips of cells during C2C12 differentiation, and exogenous NRIP was enriched with actin at the tip of attacking cells during myogenic fusion, implying that NRIP is a novel invadosome component. Using time-lapse microscopy and cell–cell fusion assays further confirmed NRIP directly participates in cell fusion through actin. Moreover, to map the domain of NRIP–actin binding, NRIP interacted with actin either through WD40 domains directly for binding or indirectly through the IQ domain for α-actinin 2 binding with actin. NRIP with actin binding was strongly correlated with invadosome formation and myotube fusion. Collectively, NRIP acts as a novel actin-binding protein through its WD40 or the IQ to form invadosomes that trigger myoblast fusion.
Oxysterols drive inflammation via GPR183 during influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection

Rationale Severe viral respiratory infections are often characterized by extensive myeloid cell infiltration and activation and persistent lung tissue injury. However, the immunological mechanisms driving excessive inflammation in the lung remain elusive. Objectives To identify the mechanisms that drive immune cell recruitment in the lung during viral respiratory infections and identify novel drug targets to reduce inflammation and disease severity. Methods Preclinical murine models of influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results Oxidized cholesterols and the oxysterol-sensing receptor GPR183 were identified as drivers of monocyte-macrophage infiltration to the lung during influenza virus (IAV) and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Both IAV and SARS-CoV-2 infections upregulated the enzymes cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) and cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily member B1 (CYP7B1) in the lung, resulting in local production of the oxidized cholesterols 25-hydroxycholesterol and 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-OHC). Loss-of-function mutation of GPR183, or treatment with a GPR183 antagonist, reduced macrophage infiltration and inflammatory cytokine production in the lungs of IAV- or SARS-CoV-2-infected mice. The GPR183 antagonist also significantly attenuated the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection by reducing weight loss and viral loads. Conclusion This study demonstrates that oxysterols drive inflammation in the lung and provides the first preclinical evidence for therapeutic benefit of targeting GPR183 during severe viral respiratory infections. Author Summary Viral infections trigger oxysterol production in the lung, attracting macrophages via GPR183. Blocking GPR183 reduced inflammation and disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 infection, making GPR183 a putative target for therapeutic intervention.
E-cadherin in developing murine T cells controls spindle alignment and differentiation during β-selection

A critical stage of T cell development is β-selection; at this stage the TCRβ chain is generated and the developing T cell starts to acquire antigenic specificity. Progression through β-selection is assisted by a low affinity interaction between the nascent TCRβ chain and peptide presented on stromal MHC and external cues provided by the niche, including Notch and CXCR4. In this study, we reveal the importance of a new cue within the murine developing T cell niche which is critical for T cell development. E-cadherin mediates cell-cell interactions and influences cell fate in many developmental systems. In developing T cells E-cadherin contributed to the formation of an immunological synapse and the alignment of the mitotic spindle with the polarity axis during division, which facilitated subsequent T cell development. Collectively, these data highlight a new aspect of the developing T cell niche and provide insights into the role of E-cadherin in the β-selection stage of T cell development.
Operation Optimization of Power to Hydrogen and Heat (P2HH) in ADN Coordinated With the District Heating Network

Increasing percentages of distributed generators in active distribution networks (ADNs) have increased the concern on excess generations in the medium and low voltage levels. High capacities of excess power are mainly from intermittent wind, solar power, and the restricted power generations of combined heat and power (CHP) plants, which are determined by the heat demand. Turning excess power to hydrogen has been recognized as a promising method to meet potential hydrogen demand from the traffic sectors. Nevertheless, it suffers from a low power-to-hydrogen efficiency, which is usually below 70% for commercialized electrolysis. By introducing in the heat recovery at the system level, we propose an integrated solution to supply heat to district heating networks (DHNs) while producing hydrogen, i.e., a power-to-hydrogen-and-heat scheme (P2HH). The extra benefit of P2HH resulting from heat supply is the reduction in the output of CHP, which reduces the excess energy in ADNs. This paper establishes a detailed “T-H-H” model to couple the power-to-heat and power-to-hydrogen processes. Then, a simplified P2HH dispatch model is proposed for the electricity-heat-hydrogen dispatch coordinated with ADN and DHN. Finally, the overall benefits of P2HH via improving the system economy and security are demonstrated with a modified IEEE 33-node system.
THE STRONG EMBEDDING THEOREM FOR 3-REPRESENTATIVE CHAIN GRAPHS

Summary. Jaeger proposed the strong embedding conjecture: every 2-conncted simple graph has a strong embeddin. $g$ into some closed surface. In this Paper, we show that the strong $embeddin_{*}g$ conjecture for chain graphs is equivalent to the strong embedding conjecture. We solve the stron, $g$ embedding conjecture for 3-representative chain graphs.
HIV_A_362459 297..309

Background: Anti-retroviral treatment has improved mortality of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients, which is offset by an increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Data regarding prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in HIV infected patients in Ethiopia are very scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CVD risks and associated factors in patients with HIV. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 333 patients with HIV infection, using a modified World Health Organization’s stepwise approach to surveillance questionnaire. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurement was done along with biochemical studies. Cardiovascular risk was estimated using Framingham risk score. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between cardiovascular risks and associated factors, with a p-value of <0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 45 years, and 69.2% were females. Most (80.9%) of the participants had viral load below 50 copies/mL and the mean CD4 count was 579 cells/mm. Dyslipidemia was the most common risk factor identified in 69.4%, followed by abnormal fasting blood glucose (≥100 mg/dL) in 36.8%. Hypertension was diagnosed in 23.8%, while 22.8% and 11.1% had metabolic syndrome and obesity, respectively. Framingham risk score was low in 95.9%. Male gender, increasing age, high body mass index and previous ART regimen being tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine and nevirapine increased CVD risk factors. Conclusion: Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were high in the population studied. There is a need to raise awareness about the risk factors, and patients should have timely follow-up and care.
Full-State Feedback Control of Back-to-Back Converters Based on Differential and Common Power Concepts

The back-to-back (BTB) converter is one of the most popular converter topologies for the control of electrical machines, power transmission systems, and power quality applications. The conventional cascade control structure is commonly used due to its simple design procedure and reliable operation. However, the bandwidth of the dc-link voltage controller has to be limited in order to avoid instability issues and be restrictive in high-performance applications. This paper presents a differential- and common-current (power)-based state-feedback control for BTB converters. This controller features a fast control of active and reactive powers, and a stiff regulation of the dc-link voltage. A theoretical analysis of the proposed controller along with a strategy for current limiting is presented. Its robustness was tested against variations of the filter parameters, the dc capacitance, the grid inductance, and the grid voltage values. The controller was experimentally validated under nominal operation, voltage sags, and connected to a weak grid by using a 15-kVA BTB converter in a laboratory test network.