Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Love’s place in the spectrum of affect, one of 24 secondary emotions: implications for psychiatry

Abstract Love is defined and examined as an emotion, using the psychoevolutionary theory of emotions developed by Robert Plutchik and extended to social psychiatry by Henry Kellerman. This theory posits a fourfold ethogram, representing the valanced adaptive reactions to problems of life which define the eight primary emotions. The problem of identity is addressed by acceptance and disgust; temporality, by joy–happiness and sadness. Using a hierarchical classification system, love is defined as a secondary-level emotion, a mixture of joy and acceptance. Examination of the brain infrastructure of these emotions supports their interpretation as basic emotions. In romantic and other forms of love, there is a global acceptance–incorporation, of the other, together with the joy of sexual pair-bonding. This can rise to the level of a clinical disposition that is both histrionic and manic, akin to a Durkheimian collective effervescence. The emotions of acceptance and joy are in everyday life constrained by ego-defense mechanisms: acceptance is constrained by a more critical, less idealised, view of a potential love object; uninhibited joy of sexuality is defended against by sublimation, in which libidinal energy is deflected into an emphasis on correct and proper behaviour, and purposive and productive activities.
MORE ON "SOLUTIONS TO TWO UNSOLVED QUESTIONS ON THE BEST UPPER BOUND FOR THE RANDI ´ CI NDEXR−1 OF TREES"

The Randic index R−1(G )o f ag raphG is defined as the sum of the (d(u)d(v)) −1 of all edges (uv )o fG ,w hered(u) denotes the degree of a vertex u in G. In this paper we correct the errors of the proof of the paper (8), i.e., we prove that R−1(T ) ≤ 15n+C for all trees of order n ≥ 103, where C = −1. The structure of the Max Tree - the tree with maximum Randic index R−1, is as it was predicted by Clark and Moon. The Max Tree has only one vertex of the maximum degree and all adjacent vertices are of degree 4. Every vertex of degree 4 has 3 suspended paths of length 2 centered at it.
Apéry limits of differential equations of order 4 and 5.

The concept of Apery limit for second and third order differential equations is extended to fourth and fifth order equations, mainly of Calabi-Yau type. For those equations obtained from Hadamard products of second and third order equations we can prove that the limits are determined in terms of the factors by a certain formula. Otherwise the limits are found by using PSLQ in Maple and are only conjectural. All identified limits are rational linear combinations of the following numbers: pi(2) Catalan's constant G, Sigma(infinity)(n=1) (n/3)/n(2); pi(3), pi(3), zeta(3), pi(3)root 3, pi(4).
Latent Space Approaches to Community Detection in Dynamic Networks

Embedding dyadic data into a latent space has long been a popular approach to modeling networks of all kinds. While clustering has been done using this approach for static networks, this paper gives two methods of community detection within dynamic network data, building upon the distance and projection models previously proposed in the literature. Our proposed approaches capture the time-varying aspect of the data, can model directed or undirected edges, inherently incorporate transitivity and account for each actor's individual propensity to form edges. We provide Bayesian estimation algorithms, and apply these methods to a ranked dynamic friendship network and world export/import data.
Relevante Biomarker in der Infektiologie

Ein Biomarker in der Infektiologie sollte idealerweise eine Infektion mit hoher Sensitivität und Spezifität von einer durch andere Ursachen hervorgerufenen Inflammation unterscheiden. Er sollte außerdem zur Überwachung der klinischen Reaktion und zur Feststellung der Behandlungsdauer einsetzbar sein. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet, inwieweit das C-reaktive Protein und Procalcitonin diese Anforderungen erfüllen und berichtet von der Suche nach weiteren Biomarkern – u.a. mithilfe „Omics“-basierter Technologien und Einbindung Künstlicher Intelligenz.
Intrahepatische Schwangerschaftscholestase – eine (juck-)reizvolle Herausforderung in der Geburtshilfe

Juckreiz – ein unspezifisches Symptom, das jede Hebamme ernst zu nehmen weiß. Denn: Die auslösenden Erkrankungen zu übersehen, kann fatale Folgen haben. Während der Schwangerschaft auftretender Juckreiz in Verbindung mit erhöhten Gallensäure- oder Leberwerten ist mögliches Anzeichen einer intrahepatischen Schwangerschaftscholestase.
Disentangling the Link between Diverse Social Networks and Creativity: The Role of Personality Traits

Abstract Past studies have shown that being exposed to ethnocultural diversity can positively impact individual creativity. Yet, little is known about the interplay between situational (i.e., diversity) and dispositional (e.g., personality) factors in predicting creativity. Taking a person-situation approach, we use social network data to test the moderating role of personality in the relationship between having an ethnoculturally diverse network and creativity. Moreover, we investigate these questions in a diverse community sample of immigrants residing in the city of Barcelona (N = 122). Moderation analyses revealed that network diversity predicted higher levels of creativity in migrant individuals with medium to high levels of extraversion, and in those with low to medium levels of emotional stability. These results highlight the need to acknowledge the important role played by interacting individual-level dispositions and more objective meso-level contextual conditions in explaining one’s ability to think creatively, especially in samples that have traditionally been underrepresented in previous literature.
Framing hybrid futures in the Anthropocene

suggests a (theoretical) reconceptualisation of locality in relation to performance. Her focus lies on social VR, a form of virtual reality in which geographically dispersed audience members and performers interact with each other in a virtual 360° environment – physically and vocally in real time – as avatars using VR goggles. In her analysis of Finding Pandora X by Double Eye Studio Hunter demonstrates how the dominant understanding of theatre as ‘ axiomatically local ’ , that is of a geographical boundedness of theatre including architectural, social and economic implications, is both expanded and contracted in social VR environments. Finding Pandora X simultaneously de-localises audiences and performers corporeal bodies and hyper-localises the individual theatre experience to a limited space of a few square metres marked out in the private homes of the participants. E.B. Hunter recon ﬁ gures the place of theatre and, with it, reconceives what we might mean by a theatrical community. The participants of social VR experience community as fundamentally hybrid, engaging with an increased sense of communitas in an immersively shared narrative environment on the one hand, while retaining a sense of separation due to the geographical distance amongst themselves on the other hand. Co-present spaces turn into hybrid relationalities.
Neonatal outcomes following early fetal growth restriction: a subgroup analysis of the EVERREST study

Objective To quantify the risks of mortality, morbidity and postnatal characteristics associated with extreme preterm fetal growth restriction (EP-FGR). Design The EVERREST (Do e s v ascular endothelial growth factor gene therapy saf e ly imp r ove outcome in seve r e e arly-onset fetal growth re st riction? ) prospective multicentre study of women diagnosed with EP-FGR (singleton, estimated fetal weight (EFW) <3rd percentile, <600 g, 20+0–26+6 weeks of gestation). The UK subgroup of EP-FGR infants (<36 weeks) were sex-matched and gestation-matched to appropriate for age (AGA) infants born in University College London Hospital (1:2 design, EFW 25th−75th percentile). Setting Four tertiary perinatal units (UK, Germany, Spain, Sweden). Main outcomes Antenatal and postnatal mortality, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), sepsis, surgically treated necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), treated retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Results Of 135 mothers recruited with EP-FGR, 42 had a stillbirth or termination of pregnancy (31%) and 93 had live births (69%). Postnatal genetic abnormalities were identified in 7/93 (8%) live births. Mean gestational age at birth was 31.4 weeks (SD 4.6). 54 UK-born preterm EP-FGR infants (<36 weeks) were matched to AGA controls. EP-FGR was associated with increased BPD (43% vs 26%, OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.4 to 9.4, p=0.01), surgical NEC (6% vs 0%, p=0.036) and ROP treatment (11% vs 0%, p=0.001). Mortality was probably higher among FGR infants (9% vs 2%, OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.0 to 25.8, p=0.054). FGR infants more frequently received invasive ventilation (65% vs 50%, OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 6.1, p=0.03), took longer to achieve full feeds and had longer neonatal stays (median difference 6.1 days, 95% CI 3.8 to 8.9 and 19 days, 95% CI 9 to 30 days, respectively, p<0.0001). Conclusions Mortality following diagnosis of EP-FGR is high. Survivors experience increased neonatal morbidity compared with AGA preterm infants. Trial registration number NCT02097667.
Early childhood parent-reported speech problems in small and large for gestational age term-born and preterm-born infants: a cohort study

Objective (1) To assess if preterm and term small for gestational age (SGA) or large for gestational age (LGA) infants have more parent-reported speech problems in early childhood compared with infants with birth weights appropriate for gestational age (AGA). (2) To assess if preterm and term SGA and LGA infants have more parent-reported learning, behavioural, hearing, movement and hand problems in early childhood compared with AGA infants. Design Cohort study. Setting Wales, UK. Participants 7004 children with neurodevelopmental outcomes from the Respiratory and Neurological Outcomes of Children Born Preterm Study which enrolled 7129 children, born from 23 weeks of gestation onwards, to mothers aged 18–50 years of age were included in the analysis. Outcome measures Parent-reported single-answer questionnaires were completed in 2013 to assess early childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes. The primary outcome was parent-reported speech problems in early childhood adjusted for clinical and demographic confounders in SGA and LGA infants compared with AGA infants. Secondary outcomes measured were parent-reported early childhood learning, behavioural, hearing, movement and hand problems. Results Median age at the time of study was 5 years, range 2–10 years. Although the adjusted OR was 1.19 (0.92 to 1.55) for SGA infants and OR 1.11 (0.88 to 1.41) for LGA infants, this failed to reach statistical significance that these subgroups were more likely to have parent-reported speech problems in early childhood compared with AGA infants. This study also found parent-reported evidence suggestive of potential learning difficulties in early childhood (OR 1.51 (1.13 to 2.02)) and behavioural problems (OR 1.35 (1.01 to 1.79)) in SGA infants. Conclusion This study of 7004 infants in Wales suggests that infants born SGA or LGA likely do not have higher risks of parent-reported speech problems in early childhood compared with infants born AGA. To further ascertain this finding, studies with wider population coverage and longer-term follow-up would be needed.
Fatigue outcomes following COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives Fatigue is a pervasive clinical symptom in coronaviruses and may continue beyond the acute phase, lasting for several months or years. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to incorporate the current evidence for postinfection fatigue among survivors of SARS-CoV-2 and investigate associated factors. Methods Embase, PsyINFO, Medline, CINAHL, CDSR, Open Grey, BioRxiv and MedRxiv were systematically searched from January 2019 to December 2021. Eligible records included all study designs in English. Outcomes were fatigue or vitality in adults with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 measured at >30 days post infection. Non-confirmed cases were excluded. JBI risk of bias was assessed by three reviewers. Random effects model was used for the pooled proportion with 95% CIs. A mixed effects meta-regression of 35 prospective articles calculated change in fatigue overtime. Subgroup analyses explored specific group characteristics of study methodology. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q and I2 statistic. Egger’s tests for publication bias. Results Database searches returned 14 262 records. Following deduplication and screening, 178 records were identified. 147 (n=48 466 participants) were included for the meta-analyses. Pooled prevalence was 41% (95% CI: 37% to 45%, k=147, I2=98%). Fatigue significantly reduced over time (−0.057, 95% CI: −107 to −0.008, k=35, I2=99.3%, p=0.05). A higher proportion of fatigue was found in studies using a valid scale (51%, 95% CI: 43% to 58%, k=36, I2=96.2%, p=0.004). No significant difference was found for fatigue by study design (p=0.272). Egger’s test indicated publication bias for all analyses except valid scales. Quality assessments indicated 4% at low risk of bias, 78% at moderate risk and 18% at high risk. Frequently reported associations were female gender, age, physical functioning, breathlessness and psychological distress. Conclusion This study revealed that a significant proportion of survivors experienced fatigue following SARS-CoV-2 and their fatigue reduced overtime. Non-modifiable factors and psychological morbidity may contribute to ongoing fatigue and impede recovery. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020201247.
Individual word representations dissociate from linguistic context along a cortical unimodal to heteromodal gradient

Language comprehension involves multiple hierarchical processing stages across time, space, and levels of representation. When processing a word, the sensory input is transformed into increasingly abstract representations that need to be integrated with the linguistic context. Thus, language comprehension involves both input-driven as well as context-dependent processes. While neuroimaging research has traditionally focused on mapping individual brain regions to the distinct underlying processes, recent studies indicate that whole-brain distributed patterns of cortical activation might be highly relevant for cognitive functions, including language. One such pattern, based on resting-state connectivity, is the ‘principal cortical gradient’, which dissociates sensory from heteromodal brain regions. The present study investigated the extent to which this gradient provides an organizational principle underlying language function, using a multimodal neuroimaging dataset of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings from 102 participants during sentence reading. We found that the brain response to individual representations of a word (word length, orthographic distance and word frequency), which reflect visual, orthographic, and lexical properties, gradually increases towards the sensory end of the gradient. Although these properties showed opposite effect directions in fMRI and MEG, their association with the sensory end of the gradient was consistent across both neuroimaging modalities. In contrast, MEG revealed that properties reflecting a word’s relation to its linguistic context (semantic similarity and position within the sentence) involve the heteromodal end of the gradient to a stronger extent. This dissociation between individual word and contextual properties was stable across earlier and later time windows during word presentation, indicating interactive processing of word representations and linguistic context at opposing ends of the principal gradient. To conclude, our findings indicate that the principal gradient underlies the organization of a range of linguistic representations while supporting a gradual distinction between context-independent and context-dependent representations. Furthermore, the gradient reveals convergent patterns across neuroimaging modalities (similar location along the gradient) in the presence of divergent responses (opposite effect directions).
Simultaneous photoactivation and high-speed structural tracking reveal diffusion-dominated motion in the endoplasmic reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a structurally complex, membrane-enclosed compartment that stretches from the nuclear envelope to the extreme periphery of eukaryotic cells. The organelle is crucial for numerous distinct cellular processes, but how these processes are spatially regulated within the structure is unclear. Traditional imaging-based approaches to understanding protein dynamics within the organelle are limited by the convoluted structure and rapid movement of molecular components. Here, we introduce a combinatorial imaging and machine learning-assisted image analysis approach to track the motion of photoactivated proteins within the ER of live cells. We find that simultaneous knowledge of the underlying ER structure is required to accurately analyze fluorescently-tagged protein redistribution, and after appropriate structural calibration we see all proteins assayed show signatures of Brownian diffusion-dominated motion over micron spatial scales. Remarkably, we find that in some cells the ER structure can be explored in a highly asymmetric manner, likely as a result of uneven connectivity within the organelle. This remains true independently of the size or folding state of the fluorescently-tagged molecules, suggesting a potential role for ER connectivity in driving spatially regulated biology in eukaryotes.
Dynamics of the epigenetic landscape during development and in response to drought stress in sorghum

Sorghum bicolor is a C4 plant with the characteristics of high stress tolerance, which may be conferred partly by the underlying epigenetic mechanism unique to sorghum. In this study, we revealed some epigenomic features in sorghum that have never been reported before. The long H3K27me3 regions clustered in four areas, which we defined as H3K27me3 islands, were identified in sorghum. H3K36me3 plays some role in inhibiting the deposition of both H3K27me3 and H2A.Z, which may serve as partial motivation for the removal of H3K27me3 and H2A.Z in leaf and root. All the 7 histone marks are involved in the regulation of tissue-specific genes, especially the specific expression of C4 genes in leaf and peroxidase (POD) encoding genes in root, which are involved in the photosynthesis in leaf and lignin synthesis in root, respectively. These marks except H3K36me3 and H3K27me3 also engage in the regulation of stress genes in response to PEG treatment. However, we found that differential enrichment of histone marks on many tissue-specific genes was observed only between leaf and root but hardly in response to PEG treatment, although expression of these genes changed after PEG treatment.
Migration coupled with recombination explains disparate HIV-1 anatomical compartmentalization signals

The evolution of HIV-1 in a host is shaped by many evolutionary forces, including recombination of virus genomes and the potential isolation of viruses into different tissues with compartmentalized evolution. Recombination and compartmentalization have opposite effects on viral diversification, with the former causing global mixing and the latter countering it through spatial segregation of the virus population. Therefore, recombination and compartmentalization together give rise to complex evolutionary dynamics that convolutes their individual effects in standard, bifurcating phylogenetic trees. Although there are various theoretical methods available to infer the presence of recombination or compartmentalization individually, there is little knowledge of their combined effect. To study their interaction and whether that could explain the many disparate results that have been described in the HIV-1 literature, we developed an age-structured forward-time evolutionary model that includes compartments, migration, and recombination. By tracking the evolutionary history of individual virus variants in an Ancestral Recombination Graph (ARG) and resolving the ARG into standard bifurcating trees, we reexamined 771 anatomical tissue pairs infected with HIV-1. Remarkably, we found that recombination can make the resulting bifurcating tree appear more compartmentalized than the virus population actually is. However, we found migration between all 771 tissue pairs, typically at 2.8-4.9×10−3 taxa-1 day-1. Thus, while different point mutations may arise in different parts of the body, migration eventually brings these variants together and recombination merges them into a relatively homogeneous cloud of a universally evolving quasispecies. Modelling this process, we explain the many different results previous research found among distinct anatomical tissues. We also show that the popular Slatkin-Maddison test comes to different results about compartmentalization at the same migration rate depending on the sample size. SIGNIFICANCE Whether HIV-1 sampled in different anatomical tissues are compartmentalized or not has been a long-standing quest because it relates to both clinical and biological insight. Previous studies of this question have reported disparate results from the same as well as different tissue comparisons. Here, we consolidate and explain these contrasting results with a new evolutionary model that includes compartments, migration, and recombination. We show that no anatomical tissues are fully compartmentalized, and that the migration of HIV-1 between the tissues allows recombination to homogenize the diversity that may arise in separate tissues of an infected person.
Migration in uncertain times

Understanding the effect of fluctuations on populations is crucial in the context of increasing habitat fragmentation, climate change, and biological invasions, among others. Migration in response to environmental disturbances enables populations to escape unfavorable conditions, benefit from new environments and thereby ride out fluctuations in variable environments. Would populations disperse if there were no uncertainty? Karlin showed in 1982 that when sub-populations experience distinct but fixed growth rates at different sites, greater mixing of populations will lower the overall growth rate relative to the most favorable site. Here we ask, when might environmental variability favor migration over no-migration? Specifically, in random environments, would a small amount of migration increase the overall long-run growth rate relative to the zero migration case? We use mathematical analysis and simulations to show how long-run growth rate is affected by migration rate. Our results show that when fitness (dis)advantages fluctuate over time across sites, migration may allow populations to benefit from variability. When there is one best site with highest expected growth rate, the effect of migration on long-run growth rate depends on the difference in expected growth between sites, scaled by the variance of the difference (for two sites). When variance is large, there is a substantial probability of an inferior site experiencing occasional bursts of higher growth than its average. Thus, a high variance can compensate for a large difference in average growth rates between sites. With multiple sites and large fluctuations, we explore the interplay between the length of the shortest cycle linking the best site with the second best, the average differences in growth rates between sites, and the size of fluctuations. Our findings have implications for conservation biology: even when there are superior sites in a sea of poor habitats, variability and habitat quality across space may be key to determining the importance of migration.