Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MATHEMATICAL PRINCIPLES IN PREDICTION OF LATERAL GROUND DISPLACEMENT INDUCED BY SEISMIC LIQUEFACTION

ABSTRACT The present paper aims at developing a mathematical theory for prediction of the lateral soil displacement induced by seismic liquefaction. By using the knowledge obtained from shaking table tests together with the principle of the minimum potential energy at force equilibrium, the theory of maximum possible displacement was developed, and is described in detail. Boundary conditions as well as irregular topography were also considered using the principle of the minimum potential energy. Prediction of the increase of displacement with time was also attempted. This aim was achieved by using a scalar function of time, denoted by λ, that stands for the increase of displacement from zero towards the maximum possible one. An equation of motion in terms of λ was derived by using the theory of Lagrangean equation of motion together with the Hamiltonian principle. By combining the maximum possible displacement and λ, it is possible to predict the variation of displacement with time. The proposed method is characterized by its need for a limited number of input data.
Optimization of the parameters of an all-optical chaotic communication system

Kanakidis et al presented several kinds of all-optical chaotic communication systems using two encoding techniques and various dispersion compensation maps [1]. It shows that the permitted transmission distances are different for various dispersion compensation maps and various encoding techniques. In order to explore the upper limits of the transmission distance, the parameters of the all-optical chaotic communication system introduced by D. Kanakidis et al. [1] is optimized using genetic algorithm. Some useful results are presented.
SPITZER SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS AND THE PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF COMET 73P/SCHWASSMANN–WACHMANN 3

Infrared observations of the broken comet 73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann 3 were performed at 24 μm with the Spitzer Space Telescope in 2006 May. The image reveals the fragments and the meteoroid stream associated with the comet. Heavy numerical simulation of the production and evolution of the meteoroids ejected by the comet during the last century, coupled with a model of thermal emission of cometary grains, allows us to determine the dust size distribution. As found by in situ measurements performed during spacecraft encounters with 1P/Halley and 81P/Wild 2, the size distribution for 73P shows a plateau for the mass range 10−10 to 10−7 kg. Except for this mass bin, the cumulative mass index is in the range 0.85–1, so the size distribution has the same slope for dust and meteoroids separately, but with a significantly different normalization such that there are more large particles than would be expected from an extrapolation of the small-particle size distribution. The abundance of meteoroids with masses larger than 10−5 kg is poorly determined by in situ measurements due to the small number of detections; infrared observations provide a unique way to constrain it. The stream is mainly composed of particles ejected during the 1995 and 2001 passages. We show that the dust production rate increased by a factor of 11 during the 1995 outburst.
Online parameter identification without Ricatti-type equations in a class of time-dependent partial differential equations: an extended state approach with potential to partial observations

Online parameter identification for dynamical systems is the task of estimating model parameters simultaneously to the time evolution of the physical state and plays a crucial role in adaptive control. The existing techniques for time-dependent partial differential equations exclude the case of partial state observations or require to solve online Ricatti-type operator evolution equations accompanied with high computational costs. In this paper we suggest and analyze an extended state approach to online parameter identification in a class of possibly nonlinear PDEs that avoids Ricatti-type equations but still has the potential to allow for partial state observations. Numerical examples underline the feasibility of our method.
Introduction to Algorithmic Game Theory

In the previous lecture, we introduce examples of auctions. We want the auctions to have three properties. Dominant Strategy Incentive Compatible (DSIC), social surplus maximization, and implementable in polynomial time. In real life, we have infinitely many mechanisms to choose from. Which mechanism could satisfy our desire? The key question is under what condition a mechanism could induce DSIC properties. We can think about this question in the following way. We first assume truthful bids and identify how to allocate items to bidders to maximize social welfare. Then we derive the appropriate selling prices, to render truthful bidding a dominant strategy. In this lecture, we introduce a necessary and sufficient condition that a mechanism could induce the DSIC properties. And the short answer to this question is that if we have (1) monotone allocation, (2) the bidder bidding zero pay nothing, we could have DSIC mechanism.
Analytical Formulation of the Classical Friction Model for Motion Analysis and Simulation

Starting from a precise definition of friction torque when velocity vanishes that distinguishes the case of instantaneous zero crossing from that where the velocity is zero over a time interval, this paper proposes a compact analytical formulation of the classical discontinuous friction model that is useful for motion analysis. A finite state machine that allows a numerically robust computation of motion equations when velocity vanishes or motion restarts is then defined. Simulation results show that the discontinuous model can be seen as an asymptotic approximation, infinitely fast, of a recently proposed continuous, dynamic friction model.
Multi-Agent DRL for Resource Allocation and Cache Design in Terrestrial-Satellite Networks

In the past few years, satellite communications have greatly affected our daily lives, and the integrated terrestrial-satellite network can combine the advantages of satellite and base stations (BSs) to provide wider coverage and lower cost. Because the resources of terrestrial-satellite network are limited, how to allocate resources of terrestrial-satellite network through effective methods has become a major challenge. This paper proposes a framework for resource allocation of terrestrial-satellite network based on non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). Then, a deployment method of local cache pools is given to achieve lower time delay and maximize energy efficiency in terrestrial-satellite network. In the proposed framework, we adopt a multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient (MADDPG) method to obtain the maximum energy efficiency by user association, power control, and cache design. The MADDPG algorithm is divided into two stages, users and BSs are set as agents to complete the optimization problem in the framework. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed method has better optimized performance compared with the traditional single-agent deep reinforcement learning algorithm and can efficiently solve the problems of resource allocation and cache design in the integrated terrestrial-satellite network.
BPCN: bilateral progressive compensation network for lung infection image segmentation

Lung infection image segmentation is a key technology for autonomous understanding of the potential illness. However, current approaches usually lose the low-level details, which leads to a considerable accuracy decrease for lung infection areas with varied shapes and sizes. In this paper, we propose bilateral progressive compensation network (BPCN), a bilateral progressive compensation network to improve the accuracy of lung lesion segmentation through complementary learning of spatial and semantic features. The proposed BPCN are mainly composed of two deep branches. One branch is the multi-scale progressive fusion for main region features. The other branch is a flow-field based adaptive body-edge aggregation operations to explicitly learn detail features of lung infection areas which is supplement to region features. In addition, we propose a bilateral spatial-channel down-sampling to generate a hierarchical complementary feature which avoids losing discriminative features caused by pooling operations. Experimental results show that our proposed network outperforms state-of-the-art segmentation methods in lung infection segmentation on two public image datasets with or without a pseudo-label training strategy.
Effects of Virtual Reality Exercises versus Isokinetic Exercises in comparison with Conventional Exercises on the Imaging Findings and Inflammatory Biomarker Changes in Soccer Players with Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP) is the most common musculoskeletal problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of advanced physiotherapeutic exercise programs on imaging findings and inflammatory biomarkers in soccer players with CNLBP. In total, 60 CNLBP participants were divided into virtual reality exercise (VRE; n = 20), isokinetic exercise (IKE; n = 20), and conventional exercise (n = 20) groups. Pain intensity, imaging findings (muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscle thickness), and changes in inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6) were measured at baseline and after four weeks. After four weeks of intervention, there was a significant improvement (p = 0.001) in pain intensity for the VRE vs. IKE (0.7; CI 95% 0.38 to 1.07) and VRE vs. conventional (3.0 CI 95% 2.68 to 3.31) groups. The IKE group showed a greater number of significant changes in muscle CSA and muscle thickness than the other two groups (p < 0.001). Moreover, the VRE group showed significant improvement in inflammatory biomarker measures compared with the other two groups (p < 0.001). In CNLBP, virtual and isokinetic exercises had equal effects on reducing pain intensity. Isokinetic exercise is beneficial in increasing the muscle CSA and thickness, and virtual exercises are helpful for attenuating the inflammation process in soccer players with CNLBP.
Immediate Intraoperative Microsurgical Repair of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve: A Fifteen-Year Institutional Experience

Abstract Background Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury carries significant morbidity. Microsurgical repair of the RLN has proven promising for enhancing patient recovery of vocal function; however, data remains limited. Methods This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent RLN repair from 2007 to 2022. Demographics and medical history were collected. The location and etiology of RLN injury, as well as the repair technique, were collected. Follow-up data were collected at the initial postoperative visit, at 6 months and at 1 year. Hoarseness was classified as mild, moderate, or severe. Of patients who underwent nasopharyngolaryngoscopy (NPL) following repair, the glottic gap was measured. Vocal interventions performed were also recorded. This study utilized descriptive statistical methods. Results Eleven patients underwent RLN repair. All patients underwent immediate repair. Fifty-four percent ( n = 6) of RLN injuries resulted from tumor inflammation or nerve encasement. Eighty-two percent ( n = 9) underwent direct RLN coaptation, 9% ( n = 1) underwent vagus-RLN anastomosis, and 9% ( n = 1) underwent an interposition nerve graft. Technical success was 100%. Seventy-three percent ( n = 8) required otolaryngology referral, and of those, 50% ( n = 4) required intervention. At initial evaluation, 91% ( n = 10) suffered from mild to severe hoarseness, and of patients who underwent NPL, all had a glottic gap. At 1 year, 82% of patients ( n = 9) improved to having mild to no appreciable hoarseness. Of the patients who underwent NPL, 62% ( n = 5) had closure of the glottic gap. Conclusion Patients undergoing repair of the RLN following injury showed excellent recovery of vocal function and resolution of glottic gap at 1 year.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Polyanilines and Their Nanocomposites: A Critical Review

The mechanochemical synthesis of polyanilines (PANIs), made by oxidative polymerization of anilines, is reviewed. First, previous knowledge of the polymerization reaction in solution is discussed to understand the effect of different parameters: oxidant/monomer ratio, added acid, oxidant, temperature and water content on the properties of the conducting polymers (molecular weight, degradation, doping/oxidation level, conductivity, and nanostructure). The work on mechanochemical polymerization (MCP) of anilines is analyzed in view of previous data in solution, and published data are critically reconsidered to clarify the interpretation of experimental results. A key factor is the production of acids during polymerization, which is often overlooked. The production of gaseous HCl during MCP of aniline hydrochloride is experimentally observed. Since some experiments involves the addition of small amounts of water, the kinetics and heat balance of the reaction with concentrated solutions were simulated. A simple experiment shows fast (<2 min) heating of the reaction mixture to the boiling point of water and temperature increments are observed during MCP in a mortar. The form and sizes of PANI nanostructures made by MCP or solution are compared. The extensive work on the production of nanocomposites by MCP of anilines together with different nanomaterials (porous clays, graphene, carbon nanotubes, metal, and oxide nanoparticles) is also described.
Ricci curvature and eigenvalue estimate on locally finite graphs

We give a generalizations of lower Ricci curvature bound in the framework of graphs. We prove that the Ricci curvature in the sense of Bakry and Emery is bounded below by $-1$ on locally finite graphs. The Ricci flat graph in the sense of Chung and Yau is proved to be a graph with Ricci curvature bounded below by zero. We also get an estimate for the eigenvalue of Laplace operator on finite graphs: $$\lambda\ge {1\over d D(\exp( d D+1)-1)},$$ where $d$ is the weighted degree of $G$, and $D$ is the diameter of $G$.
Regression and ANOVA

Introductory Biostatistics for the Health Sciences is a textbook for undergraduate students in the health sciences, or graduate students in public health, medicine, or nursing. The book covers such fundamental topics for students in biostatistics as the distinction between populations and samples, sample selection, graphical and numerical data summaries, basic probability, sampling distributions for means, estimation, hypothesis testing, categorical data analysis, correlation, linear regression, logistic regression, analysis of variance, nonparametric tests, and survival analysis. Typically, an entire chapter is devoted to a given topic, following a format that includes an overview, illustrative examples, and exercises.
Self-Similar Collapse of an Isopedic Isothermal Disk

We study the gravitational collapse of an isothermal disk which is isopedically magnetized (i.e., with a mass-to-flux ratio that is spatially constant). The two theorems concerning magnetic forces in such a disk proven in a companion paper (Shu & Li 1997), plus the self-similar nature of the overall problem, allow a semianalytical treatment. The inflow occurs in an inside-out manner similar to that which applies in the collapse of the unmagnetized singular isothermal sphere (Shu 1977). These two cases (singular sphere and disk) bracket the range of possible collapse behaviors expected for the family of isopedic singular isothermal toroids described by Li & Shu (1996b). Although the strong magnetic fields dilute the effects of self-gravity in the isopedic isothermal disk, they do not prevent its outer parts (envelope) from falling onto the central condensed object (protostar) at a fixed infall rate Ṁ, even when the field is perfectly frozen to the matter. Indeed, the higher densities supported by the fields in the equilibrium state increase Ṁ during collapse in comparison with the unmagnetized case. The larger effective speed of sound due to magnetization produces a smaller effect. The flattened geometry enforced by the strong magnetic fields introduces a complication: the appearance of an outwardly propagating shock wave that runs ahead of the region of infall (also studied by Tsai & Hsu 1995 in a different context). We discuss the implications of our results for the magnetic-flux problem and for the formation of centrifugally supported disks in the presence of rotation.
Impact of supply chain management strategies on firms’ sustainable performance: a case of an emerging economy

In recent times, there has been growing popularity and importance of supply chain management (SCM) among academics and the business fraternity in emerging economies. At present, every company's long-term survival, prosperity, and value chain creation are at risk since they rely on an enterprise's level of supply chain growth. The increasing demand for sustainable development of large companies in emerging economies indeed entails an inclusive array of SCM practices beyond mere logistics enhancement and automation so that these companies can overcome the persistent concerns in the current supply chain ecosystem. Therefore, this study attempts to fill these gaps by examining how sustainable supply chain management strategies can assist firms in emerging economies, especially South Africa, to achieve sustainable growth and a competitive advantage in the global market. The study used a mixed method approach and surveyed 100 JSE-listed companies, supplemented with in-depth interviews from 46 respondent companies. The findings expose a significant positive impact of SCM practices in achieving success and sustainable growth for multinational companies. These results suggest that firms operating within emerging markets should adopt SCM practices in their business processes with a broader consideration of environmental sustainability issues and production cost implications. This study contributes significantly to the literature to assist in planning supply chain practices linked with the UN SDGs. The paper also offers robust insight and an excellent understanding of the implications of the SCM strategies on promoting opportunities for sustainable growth in an emerging economy context.
On the False Discovery Rate and Expected Type I Errors

The paper is concerned with expected type I errors of some stepwise multiple test procedures based on independent p-values controlling the so-called false discovery rate (FDR). We derive an asymptotic result for the supremum of the expected type I error rate (EER) when the number of hypotheses tends to infinity. Among others, it will be shown that when the original Benjamini-Hochberg step-up procedure controls the FDR at level a, its EER may approach a value being slightly larger than a/4 when the number of hypotheses increases. Moreover, we derive some least favourable parameter configuration results, some bounds for the FDR and the EER as well as easily computable formulae for the familywise error rate (FWER) of two FDR-controlling procedures. Finally, we discuss some undesirable properties of the FDR concept, especially the problem of cheating.
Analysis and comparison of several types of low-power, low offset comparators

This paper studies several excellent works of comparator constructions of comparators and compares them with the Double-tail latch-type comparator. Based on the Elzakker comparator, the comparator with a dynamic bias reduced the use of energy by partly discharging the preamplifier's output nodes. Edge-Pursuit Comparator(EPC) demonstrates a new approach to reducing energy consumption by automatic energy optimization. Apart from the designs that optimize energy consumption. Low-Noise Self-Calibrating Dynamic Comparator provides the low-offset feature while in relatively low power consumption.
Tutorial on sound propagation outdoors

Concerns about noise in the community date back to the dawn of recorded history. Then, after centuries of relatively little activity, scientific interest grew during the 17th century and social concerns were again voiced during the 19th century. Many of the wave‐propagation mechanisms relevant outdoors were understood at least qualitatively by the late 1800s. Today, knowledge of sound propagation phenomena is of great economic and social importance because of environmental and other concerns. Reality is more complicated than geometrical spreading above flat ground. Some grounds are acoustically hard like concrete, and others soft as snow. Corresponding reflection coefficients are complex and vary with angle. Grounds may not be flat, leading to shadow zones or alternatively multiple reflections at the ground. Gradients of wind or temperature refract waves either upwards (upwind or in a temperature lapse) or downwards (downwind or in a temperature inversion). Atmospheric turbulence causes fluctuations in th.
Properties of the Eigenvectors of Persymmetric Matrices with Applications to Communication Theory

The matrices which are symmetric about both diagonals (persymmetric matrices) occur often in communication and information theory problems. There have been a number of problems whose solution involves the eigenvectors of persymmetric matrices. This paper summarizes a number of properties of the eigenvectors of persymmetric matrices and demonstrates how they can be applied to characterize and simplify the solution to a number of communication problems.
Low-damping spin-wave propagation in a micro-structured Co2Mn0.6Fe0.4Si Heusler waveguide

We report on the investigation of spin-wave propagation in a micro-structured Co2Mn0.6Fe0. 4Si (CMFS) Heusler waveguide. The reduced magnetic losses of this compound compared to the commonly used Ni81Fe19 allow for the observation of spin-wave propagation over distances as high as 75 μm via Brillouin light scattering (BLS) microscopy. In the linear regime, a maximum decay length of 16.7 μm of the spin-wave amplitude was found. The coherence length of the observed spin-wave modes was estimated to be at least 16 μm via phase-resolved BLS techniques.
Looked after children's right to contact with birth parents: An Australian study

In Australia, there are more than 46 000 children in out-of-home care (OOHC). Most of these children have been in OOHC for more than 2 years. Similarly, there are more than 407 000 children in the United States and over 80 800 in England who are ‘ looked after ’ with approximately one third of these children being in OOHC for more than 2 years. This paper concerns ‘ looked after ’ children's rights to contact with their birth parents. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) requires child protection systems to recognize the rights of children to maintain contact with their families except where this is not in the child's ‘ best interests ’ . In this paper, we report on a qualitative study conducted in Australia exploring legal and family support practitioners' perceptions of barriers to contact between children in OOHC and their birth parents. The thematic analysis identified four themes: These were as follows: a focus on systems driven responses; lack of cultural recognition and responsiveness; carers' disconnection from birth parents; and parents' exclusion. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding and recognizing children's right to contact with birth parents.
THE REMARKABLE SPECTRAL LINE ASYMMETRIES OF F AND G IB SUPERGIANT STARS.

The authors observed a group of supergiants spanning the F5 Ib to K2 Ib interval. The line asymmetries of the F supergiants are found to be large and opposite in direction from the normal case seen in cooler and less-luminous stars, and in the Sun. There is a continuous and monotonic change in the bisector behavior with spectral type, with the transition from the anomalous to the normal asymmetry occurring near G1 Ib. The authors reproduce the observations with numerical simulations based on a simple two-stream model, and from this deduce velocities of rise of the hot material to be ≡ -25 km s-1 for the F Ib supergiants.