Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sea surface temperature GOES-8 estimation approach for the Brazilian coast

This work presents a quite consistent procedure for estimation of sea surface temperature (SST) using data from the new generation of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES). The SST methodology is based on the classical split-window equation. The regional split-window coefficients (A 0, A 1, A 2 and A 3) are estimated by an algorithm regression taking as dependent variable three datasets, i.e. the SST derived from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-14 polar-orbiting satellite and from buoys of Pilot Research Moored Array in Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) and National Programme of Buoys (PNBOIA). This work shows that the main advantage of the GOES-8 SST algorithm, in comparison with the multi-channel sea surface temperature (MCSST) procedure using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data, is the high frequency sampling imagery (each half-hour) which permits a daily image with much less quantity of cloud contamination. The algorithm results using AVHRR/NOAA-14 as input dataset for the regression show that the accuracy of the GOES-8 SST algorithm is better than 1.0°C for all Brazilian coast. For regional estimation, the accuracy has been improved to around 0.5°C. Also, the accuracy of GOES-8 SST is better than 0.7°C using in situ SST collected from moored and drifting buoys.
Evaluation of L-PRF combined with deproteinized bovine bone mineral for early implant placement after maxillary sinus augmentation: A randomized clinical trial.

PURPOSE To investigate the effectiveness of adding leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) to deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) for early implant placement after maxillary sinus augmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve patients requiring two-stage bilateral maxillary sinus augmentation were enrolled to the study. The elevated sinus cavities were randomly grafted with DBBM + L-PRF (test) or DBBM alone (control) in a split-mouth design. Implants were placed in the augmented sites after 4 months in the test group and 8 months in the control group. Bone biopsies were collected during implant placement for histomorphometric evaluation. Resonance frequency analysis was performed immediately after implant placement and at implant loading in both groups. Cone-beam computed tomography was obtained preoperatively and postoperatively for evaluation of graft volume changes. RESULTS Both procedures were effective for maxillary sinus augmentation. Cone-beam computed tomography analysis did not reveal differences in graft volume between test and control group at any of the evaluated time points (P > .05). Histological evaluation demonstrated increased percentage of newly formed bone for the test group (44.58% ± 13.9%) compared to the control group (30.02% ± 8.42%; P = .0087). The amount of residual graft in the control group was significantly higher (13.75% ± 9.99%) than in the test group (3.59 ± 4.22; P = .0111). Implant stability quotient (ISQ) immediately after implant placement was significantly higher in the control group (75.13 ± 5.69) compared to the test group (60.9 ± 9.35; P = .0003). The ISQ values at loading did not differ between the groups (P = .8587). Implant survival rate was 100% for both groups. CONCLUSION The addition of L-PRF to the DBBM into the maxillary sinus allowed early implant placement (4 months) with increased new bone formation than DBBM alone after 8 months of healing.
Correlations for a Mediterranean cloud cover model

Relationship between sky cloud cover and solar radiation is presented in order to give information about solar radiation attitude varying with cloudiness, useful to optimize solar devices. Meteorological and solar data were recorded by Environmental Technical Physic Laboratories, at University of Rome Tor Vergata from April 15th 2009 to May 31th 2010. Those data were associated to hourly cloud observation recorded in the same site in order to calculate the ratio of global radiation at total cloud amount (N okta) G(N) to global radiation at cloudless sky G(0). The comparison between Kimura and Stephenson (1967) work, and Kasten and Czeplak (1980) parameterization were evaluated to characterize Tor Vergata's site. The model of clear sky condition proposed by Duffie and Beckman (1980), Spena (1996), and Duchon and O'Malley (1998) were used to determinate the transmission coefficient for global radiation at cloudless sky. Monthly and seasonal formulas has been developed using power and polynomial functions: correlation coefficients were shown for each trend. The correlation coefficient R2=0,9 showed that the best approximation is given by polynomial function. The results has indicated that the curve shape of G(N)/G(0) ratio has a maximum for N=3, almost half cloud cover condition, for Rome's latitude. The meaning for this behavior is that global radiation grow with scattered radiation growth. This correlation represent a new element useful to characterize Rome's site and to compare radiation trend with others of different latitudes site, and climate.
A Frequency-Dependent Description of Propagating Sea Level Signals in the Kuroshio Extension Region

AbstractHilbert empirical orthogonal function analysis is used to provide a frequency-dependent description of observed sea level variability in the Kuroshio Extension region, 1993–2012 inclusive. The dominant high-frequency mode (periods between 140 and 350 days) describes signals that propagate westward with the largest amplitudes in the vicinity of the Shatsky Rise and Emperor Seamounts. Based on the close correspondence between the variance of the high-frequency variability and the underlying bathymetry, it is speculated that this mode is driven by jet–bathymetry interactions. The dominant low-frequency mode (periods longer than 350 days) is explained in terms of wind-forced, jet-trapped Rossby waves that propagate along the mean Kuroshio Extension jet. One of the most surprising findings of this study is that sea level changes north of the jet in the meander region anticipate changes south of the jet by about 3 yr. Based on correlations of observed sea level with the Pacific decadal oscillation, and .
Assessing zooplankton advection in the Barents Sea using underway measurements and modelling

The coastal shelf of northern Norway and the Barents Sea is highly advective and mainly affected by the North Atlantic Current and the Norwegian Coastal Current. The oceanographic conditions are an important factor for the spatial and temporal distribution of zooplankton in the region. To quantify zooplankton advection over the western border of the Barents Sea, a Scanfish/Optical Plankton Counter (OPC), Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), Multiple Opening and Closing Nets and Environmental Sampling System (MOCNESS), and hydrodynamic model were used. This study provides data from two time windows (June and July 1998) by continuous measurements between northern Norway and Bear Island. The zooplankton community structure was obtained by net tows and zooplankton abundance fields were mapped by an OPC counting zooplankton in the size range 0.7–14 mm equivalent spherical diameter. A simple zooplankton community structure was found with the copepod Calanus finmarchicus (CIII–CV) as the dominant species in this size fraction. Ocean currents were measured by a ship-mounted ADCP and the residual currents were calculated by subtracting the tidal component obtained from a hydrodynamic model. Two measurements conducted in June and July 1998 shows a net eastward transport of water of 3.5 and 1.3 Sverdrup over the section. For the same two periods, zooplankton biomass transport is also positive towards east but varies by two orders of magnitude between the two measurements.
Possible influence of QBO on teleconnections relating Indian summer monsoon rainfall and sea‐surface temperature anomalies across the equatorial pacific

The relationship between the all‐India monsoon rainfall and sea‐surface temperature (SST) anomalies over different Niño regions of the equatorial Pacific Ocean have been examined from 1949 to 1995 using the full time series, as well as by grouping the seasonal rainfall and SST data according to phases of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO) at the 50‐hPa level. The results suggest that Indian monsoon rainfall shows the strongest inverse correlation with the SST anomalies over the Niño 3 region for all the seasons from the concurrent summer to the following winter. When the seasonal rainfall and SST data are stratified according to the phases of QBO, the concurrent correlations are highly enhanced during the east years of QBO over the Niño 3 region and highly reduced during the west years of QBO. This interesting result may explain the different behaviour of the Indian monsoon in different El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) years. The ENSO events continuing during the monsoon season which are associated with easterly phases of QBO are likely to cause drought, while events which are associated with westerly phases of QBO are likely to result in a normal monsoon. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society
Recovered insulin response by 2 weeks of leptin administration in high-fat fed rats is associated with restored AS160 activation and decreased reactive lipid accumulation.

Leptin is an adipokine that increases fatty acid (FA) oxidation, decreases intramuscular lipid stores, and improves insulin response in skeletal muscle. In an attempt to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which these metabolic changes occur, we administered leptin (Lep) or saline (Sal) by mini-osmotic pumps to rats during the final 2 weeks of a 6 week low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet. Insulin-stimulated glucose transport was impaired by the HF diet (HF-Sal), but was restored with leptin administration (HF-Lep). This improvement was associated with restored phosphorylation of Akt and AS160, and decreased in reactive lipid species (ceramide, diacylglycerol), known inhibitors of the insulin signaling cascade. Total muscle citrate synthase (CS) activity was increased by both leptin and HF diet, but was not additive. Leptin increased subsarcolemmal (SS) and intramyofibrillar (IMF) mitochondria CS activity. Total muscle, sarcolemmal, and mitochondrial (SS and IMF) FA transporter (FAT/CD36) protein content was significantly increased with the HF diet, but not altered by leptin. Therefore, the decrease in reactive lipid stores and subsequent improvement in insulin response secondary to leptin administration in HF-fed rats was not due to a decrease in FA transport protein content or altered cellular distribution.
Mini Review: Forensic Value of Aquaporines

Forensic pathologists are routinely confronted with unclear causes of death or findings. In some scenarios, it can be difficult to answer the specific questions posed by criminal investigators or prosecutors. Such scenarios may include questions about wound vitality or causes of death when typical or landmark findings are difficult to find. In addition to the usual subsequent examinations to clarify unclear causes of death or special questions, immunohistochemical analysis has become increasingly important since its establishment in the early 40s of the 20th century. Since then, numerous studies have been conducted to determine the usefulness and significance of immunohistochemical investigations on various structures and proteins. These proteins include, for example, aquaporins, which belong to the family of water channels. They enable the transport of water and of small molecules, such as glycerol, through biological channels and so far, 13 classes of aquaporins could have been identified in vertebrates. The classic aquaporin channels 1, 2, 4 and 5 are only permeable to water. The aquaporin channels 3, 7, 9, and 10 are also called aquaglycerolporins since they can also transport glycerol. This mini review discusses the immunohistochemical research on aquaporins, their range of applications, and respective forensic importance, their current limitations, and possible further implementations in the future.
ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE SENSOR ARRAYS AS A MEANS TO QUANTIFY LONGITUDINAL CONNECTIVITY OF RIVERS

Electrical resistance sensors are used as a novel approach to quantify streamflow continuity (continuous through time) and longitudinal connectivity (continuous through space) across watersheds in south‐eastern Arizona, USA. We demonstrate this approach by reporting on a spatial array of 21 sensors installed in streams supporting naturally perennial, intermittent and ephemeral flow on the US Army Garrison, Fort Huachuca. Continuity and connectivity were quantified based on a strict interpretation of continuous flow at an individual sensor (strict continuity) or simultaneous streamflow at multiple sensors (strict connectivity). In addition, we evaluated continuity and connectivity to include periods (<48 h) when in‐channel refuges may exist between streamflow events (refuge‐maintained continuity and connectivity). Continuous streamflow in intermittent reaches accounted for 34% of the 121‐day monitoring period (15 April–13 August 2010) and 28% of the summer monsoon period (1 July–13 August 2010). Streamflow in ephemeral reaches accounted for 1.5% and 2.3% of the entire monitoring and monsoon period, respectively. Canyon‐wide longitudinal connectivity was rare (<1%); however, substantial longitudinal connection occurred along extensive portions of individual canyons. The refuge‐maintained criteria increased continuity 2–8%, with less influence on connectivity (e.g. <3% increase in only some portions of canyons). Despite this result, the refuge‐maintained concept remains important because of its broad applicability to refuge persistence across aquatic species and hydro‐climatic regimes. The approach presented in this study supports the growing scientific research on the influence of longitudinal hydrologic connectivity on population dynamics and ecological processes in dendritic river networks. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plunge pools and paleoprecipitation

Sedimentary sequences in the form of ridges or terraces surrounding plunge pools at the base of waterfalls can provide records of past discharge and as a consequence an indirect measure of rainfall variations over many thousands of years. Waves generated by the waterfall deposit sands and pebbles as a beach at the perimeter of the plunge pool. As climatic conditions change, plunge pools expand and contract, leaving these beaches as relic sedimentary deposits. The first sedimentary sequence of this kind to be analyzed for records of Quaternary climate changes is in Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. Temporally, this record correlates closely with other paleoclimate proxies on both the Australian and African continents as well as the Indian subcontinent. The stratigraphic data indicate that this part of northern Australia was much wetter during the early to mid-Holocene (∼10-5 ka) and also during the last glacial maximum (∼22-18 ka). These pluvial periods are attributed to a strengthening of the northwest monsoon despite a considerably lower sea level during the last glacial maximum.
Digital mammography in breast cancer screening: Evaluation and innovation

With all other imaging modalities in radiology being digitised and conventional mammography being ready to phase out the transition to digital mammography was inevitable. This thesis describes the performance of digital screening mammography and the consequences of implementation in a population-based screening programme and points out one of many possible innovations that the introduction of digital mammography (DM) has brought forth. 1. Based on the results of a large pilot study carried out to evaluate DM in the Dutch breast cancer screening programme the introduction of DM significantly improved cancer detection. This, however, at the expense of a higher recall rate and a lower positive predictive value of recall. With DM (high grade) DCIS and invasive carcinoma are detected more often, while the share of low grade DCIS -indicative of possible overdiagnosis- remains unaffected. Tumours detected with DM tend to be smaller, which may indicate that cancers are detected at an earlier stage. 2. The digital environment has created room for improvement and innovation in mammography. One of many advances may lie in dose control. In the pursuit of a widely applicable method to substantially reduce radiation dose in mammography without compromising on diagnostic performance we developed a protocol with low-dose CC views based on acquisition with higher effective energy beams and post-process noise reduction. Although further (clinical) research has to be done, we believe these images have the potential to be of great value in controlling the radiation burden, especially in a relatively young and largely asymptomatic population.
Did the mid-Holocene environmental changes cause the boom and bust of hunter-gatherer population size in eastern Fennoscandia?

Prehistoric hunter-gatherer population size is often assumed to follow climatic and other environmental forcings that affect environmental productivity and the availability of food for human foragers. We tested this assumption by studying the co-variation of archaeological and palaeoenvironmental records during the Holocene in eastern Fennoscandia. The reconstruction of population history is based on the summed probability distribution of archaeological radiocarbon dates, and environmental changes are tracked with locally available, high-resolution biological and physical proxies that are relevant in terms of hunter-gatherer food availability and population dynamics. The results show major population growth during the period of high summer temperature and high productivity of the terrestrial, lacustrine and marine ecosystems that occurred during 7500–5700 cal. yr BP. The growth was followed by an abrupt decline during 5500–4000 cal. yr BP correlating with the onset of late-Holocene cooling and a major forest ecosystem change brought about by the expansion of Norway spruce and the associated change from species-rich mixed forests to a conifer-dominated boreal ecosystem. Forest ecosystem changes likely enforced the negative effects of decreasing productivity on hunter-gatherer food availability. The link between population and environmental proxies breaks down along with the intensification of agriculture after 3500 cal. yr BP, which indicates that agriculture weakened the environmental forcing on long-term human population dynamics.
Assessment of the investigation of deaths from ill-defined causes in the state of Bahia in 2010

The investigation of deaths from ill-defined causes (DIDC) has been a strategy of health services to reduce the proportion of these events. This study aimed to estimate the adherence of municipalities to the use of recommended forms in the investigation of DIDC and the impact of these investigations on the reduction of these deaths in the Mortality Information System. The use of the Investigation of Death from Ill-defined Cause (IOCMD) and Verbal Autopsy (VA)forms and the proportion of reclassified underlying cause of death following investigations were analyzed in a probabilistic sample of 27 municipalities of Bahia state, and its capital Salvador, in 2010. Of the 27 municipalities, approximately 50% used the recommended forms to investigate DIDCs. Of the 1,092DIDCs in the sample, 53.1% were investigated: in 40.5% of the cases, only the IOCMD form was used; in 15.3%, only the VA form was used; and both forms were used in 14.3% of the cases. The investigation of DIDCs reduced the percentages of these deaths from 16.5% to 9.9% and proved to be more effective when performed using the recommended forms.
Incidence and impact of prosthesis-patient mismatch after transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY The study aim was to investigate the incidence of patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM) with new catheter valves, and its influence on the patients' clinical state. At present, few echocardiographic data are available on the incidence and impact of PPM with the CoreValve and Sapien prostheses for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). METHODS The reliability of effective orifice area (EOA) measurements was assured by awaiting an interval of six months after TAVI. Of 256 survivors after TAVI, 149 complete echocardiographic data sets were available for the assessment of the indexed EOA (iEOA). In total, 106 CoreValve prostheses and 43 Sapien prostheses were implanted in this high-risk cohort (mean age 81 +/- 6 years, mean logistic EuroSCORE 20 +/- 13%). RESULTS The overall incidence of PPM (iEOA < 0.85 cm2/m2) was 61%. Patients with a larger body surface area were more likely to develop PPM (p = 0.001), while the prosthesis type, native annulus diameter, preoperative EOA, gender and prosthesis size had no influence. The mean aortic gradient was significantly higher in patients with PPM. A reduction in the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was seen in all patients, without significant differences between groups. There were no differences in postoperative NYHA class or self-assessed health state between patients with or without PPM. CONCLUSION PPM was common after TAVI in the presented cohort, presumably because the native calcium masses narrow the outflow area available for blood flow. As expected for low gradients, there was no impairment of left ventricular dimension regression or clinical state of the patients, even if severe PPM was present. Based on the presented data, it is assumed that PPM might be less relevant in TAVI patients.
Neuroprotective Effects of microRNA-140-5p on Ischemic Stroke in Mice via its Regulation on the TLR4/NF-κB Axis

Background and aim: Ischemic stroke is one of the main causes of death worldwide and permanent global disability. On the basis of existing literature data, we carried out studies in an effort to explore how miR-140-5p affects ischemic stroke and whether the mechanism relates to toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Methods: Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was employed to establish a mouse model of ischemic stroke in vivo, while primary neurons were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) to set up an ischemic stroke model in vitro. RT-qPCR was performed to detect the miR-140-5p expression and Western blot was employed to detect the expression TLR4, NF-κB, and apoptosis-related factors. Then, based gain-function of experiments using miR-140-5p mimic and TLR4 overexpression plasmid, neurological function score, TTC staining, TUNEL staining, as well as flow cytometry were carried out to evaluate the effects of miR-140-5p and TLR4 on MCAO mice and OGD neurons. Meanwhile, dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the relationship between miR-140-5p and TLR4.Results: miR-140-5p expressed at a low level and TLR4 at a high level in ischemic stroke. It was verified that miR-140-5p targeted TLR4 and downregulated its expression. miR-140-5p overexpression was observed to inhibit the apoptosis of neurons under OGD exposure and restrain the progression of ischemic stroke, while TLR4 overexpression promoted the apoptosis and disease progression. Besides, miR-140-5p overexpression led to a decrease in NF-κB protein level, which was increased by TLR4 overexpression. Conclusion: In conclusion, from our data we conclude that miR-140-5p overexpression may be instrumental for the therapeutic targeting of ischemic stroke by alleviating neuron injury with the involvement of TLR4/NF-κB axis.