Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring a Gaming-Based Intervention for Unemployed Young Adults: Thematic Analysis

Background Promoting positive psychologies that promote resilience such as a growth mindset could be beneficial for young, unemployed adults, as many lack the self-esteem and self-efficacy to cope with job search adversity. These young people may be reached at scale through the web-based delivery of self-administered positive psychology interventions. However, past studies report unsatisfying user experiences and a lack of user engagement. A gaming-based experience could be an approach to overcoming these challenges. Objective Our research objective was to explore how young, unemployed adults experience a positive psychology intervention designed as a game to extract learning and principles for future intervention research and development. Methods To respond to the research question, a team of researchers at the University of Stavanger worked with designers and developers to conceptualize and build a gaming-based intervention. Feedback from the users was collected through formative usability testing with 18 young adults in the target group. Retrospectively, recordings and notes were transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis to extract learnings for the purposes of this paper. Results A total of 3 themes were identified that pinpoint what we consider to be key priorities for future gaming interventions for unemployed young adults: adaptation to user preferences (eg, need for responding to user preferences), empathic player interaction (eg, need for responsiveness to user inputs and a diverse set of interaction modes), and sensemaking of experience and context (eg, need for explicit presentation of game objectives and need for management of user expectations related to genre). Conclusions Feedback from end users in usability-testing sessions was vital to understanding user preferences and needs, as well as to inform ongoing intervention design and development. Our study also shows that game design could make interventions more entertaining and engaging but may distort the intervention if the game narrative is not properly aligned with the intervention intent and objectives. By contrast, a lack of adaptation to user needs may cause a less motivating user experience. Thus, we propose a structured approach to promote alignment between user preferences and needs, intervention objectives, and gameplay.
Hand Hygiene Compliance among Visitors at a Long-term Care Hospital in Korea: A Covert Observation Study

Purpose: This study aimed to assess hand hygiene (HH) compliance among visitors at a long-term care hospital in South Korea. Methods: The study was conducted at a 502-bed long-term care hospital located in Gyeonggi-do Province. From July 1 to August 15, 2017, including more than 6 weekends and one holiday, a trained observer covertly assessed visitors’ HH at all five units (360 beds in total) of the study hospital building until the completion of 1,000 HH opportunities (i.e., 200 opportunities per unit). The modified World Health Organization (WHO) HH observation form was used. Instead of professional categories and the “before clean/aseptic procedure” moment, the estimated age range for each visitor were recorded in four categories: children (<14 years old), adolescents (14~18), adults (19~64), and the elderly (≥65). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Results: A total of 1,000 HH opportunities were observed from 766 visitors (an average of 1.31 per visitor) and the overall HH compliance rate was 20.3%. Overall, 53.7% of the HH cases were performed with soap and water. Among the 4 HH moments, the “after body fluid exposure risk” moment showed the highest compliance rate (83.5%); 93.9% used soap and water. The most commonly exposed potential body fluid among visitors was saliva (48.1%). Conclusion: For hospital visitors in long-term care hospitals, HH education programs including HH moments need to be developed and implemented. Further studies are necessary to evaluate visitors’ HH compliance in various hospital settings and find the related variables influencing visitors’ HH.
A major endogenous glycoside hydrolase mediating quercetin uptake in Bombyx mori

Quercetin is a common plant flavonoid which is involved in herbivore–plant interactions. Mulberry silkworms (domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori, and wild silkworm, Bombyx mandarina) take up quercetin from mulberry leaves and accumulate the metabolites in the cocoon, thereby improving its protective properties. Here we identified a glycoside hydrolase, named glycoside hydrolase family 1 group G 5 (GH1G5), which is expressed in the midgut and is involved in quercetin metabolism in the domestic silkworm. Our results suggest that this enzyme mediates quercetin uptake by deglycosylating the three primary quercetin glycosides present in mulberry leaf: rutin, quercetin-3-O-malonylglucoside, and quercetin-3-O-glucoside. Despite being located in an unstable genomic region that has undergone frequent structural changes in the evolution of Lepidoptera, GH1G5 has retained its hydrolytic activity, suggesting quercetin uptake has adaptive significance for mulberry silkworms. GH1G5 is also important in breeding: defective mutations which result in discoloration of the cocoon and increased silk yield are homozygously conserved in 27 of the 32 Japanese white-cocoon domestic silkworm strains and 12 of the 30 Chinese ones we investigated.
E(n) Equivariant Graph Neural Network for Learning Interactional Properties of Molecules

We have developed a multi-input E(n) equivariant graph convolution-based model designed for the prediction of chemical properties that result from the interaction of heterogeneous molecular structures. By incorporating spatial features and constraining the functions learned from these features to be equivariant to E(n) symmetries, the interactional-equivariant graph neural network (IEGNN) can efficiently learn from the 3D structure of multiple molecules. To verify the IEGNN’s capability to learn interactional properties, we tested the model’s performance on three molecular data sets, two of which are curated in this study and made publicly available for future interactional model benchmarking. To enable the loading of these data sets, an open-source data structure based on the PyTorch Geometric library for batch loading multigraph data points is also created. Finally, the IEGNN’s performance on a data set consisting of an unknown interactional relationship (the frictional properties resulting between monolayers with variable composition) is examined. The IEGNN model developed was found to have the lowest mean absolute percent error for the predicted tribological properties of four of the six data sets when compared to previous methods.
Relationships between episodes of bar switching, cross-shore bar migration and outer bar degeneration at Wanganui, New Zealand

Bar switching and outer bar degeneration are morphological phenomena which have recently been observed on coasts in North Carolina, the Netherlands and New Zealand. Bar switching consists of longshore sand-bars becoming discontinuous and the landward bars on one side of the discontinuity realigning and joining with the seaward bars on the other side. Two types of bar switching have been identified at Wanganui (SHAND et al., 2001). The predominant type is termed shoreward propagating bar switching, because switching begins in the outer surf zone and progressively affects more landward bars. The second type is termed stationary switching because all switching occurs within the mid-surf zone. This paper analyses a 6.3 year image-based data-set from Wanganui, New Zealand, to qualitatively define the nature of both cross-shore bar migration during bar switching, and outer bar degeneration prior to bar switching. Shoreward propagating episodes of bar switching were found to be associated with enhanced seaward bar migration on one side of the discontinuity, or transition zone, while suppressed bar migration occurred on the other side. Stationary switching was also characterised by enhanced seaward bar migration on one side of the transition zone, but with either large seaward or landward bar migration on the other side. If a bar experienced a series of switchingassociated enhanced or suppressed migrations during its net offshore migration (NOM) cycle, then its NOM characteristics of duration and rate could differ significantly from the longer term average cyclic values for that particular location. Shoreward propagating episodes were characterised by a longshore variation in the state of degeneration of the seawardmost bar prior to switching. Furthermore, where the outer bar was in an advanced state of degeneration, enhanced offshore migration of the adjacent landward bar occurred. By contrast, where the outer bar remained well developed, suppressed migration of the adjacent landward bar occurred. The pre-switch morphology for stationary switching, however, was more complex as it appeared to be characterised by multiple longshore changes in the degenerative status of the outermost bar.
Conflict Management in the ICU

Objectives: To provide a concise review of data and literature pertaining to the etiologies of conflict in the ICU, as well as current approaches to conflict management. Data Sources: Detailed search strategy using PubMed and OVID Medline for English language articles describing conflict in the ICU as well as prevention and management strategies. Study Selection: Descriptive and interventional studies addressing conflict, bioethics, clinical ethics consultation, palliative care medicine, conflict management, and conflict mediation in critical care. Data Extraction: Relevant descriptions or studies were reviewed, and the following aspects of each manuscript were identified, abstracted, and analyzed: setting, study population, aims, methods, results, and relevant implications for critical care practice and training. Data Synthesis: Conflict frequently erupts in the ICU between patients and families and care teams, as well as within and between care teams. Conflict engenders a host of untoward consequences for patients, families, clinicians, and facilities rendering abrogating conflict a key priority for all. Conflict etiologies are diverse but understood in terms of a framework of triggers. Identifying and de-escalating conflict before it become intractable is a preferred approach. Approaches to conflict management include utilizing clinical ethics consultation, and palliative care medicine clinicians. Conflict Management is a new technique that all ICU clinicians may use to identify and manage conflict. Entrenched conflict appears to benefit from Bioethics Mediation, an approach that uses a neutral, unaligned mediator to guide parties to a mutually acceptable resolution. Conclusions: Conflict commonly occurs in the ICU around difficult and complex decision-making. Patients, families, clinicians, and institutions suffer undesirable consequences resulting from conflict, establishing conflict prevention and resolution as key priorities. A variety of approaches may successfully identify, manage, and prevent conflict including techniques that are utilizable by all team members in support of clinical excellence.
Dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy finding of different anatomic sites of Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Abstract Background Recognizing Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) might be a challenge due to its rarity. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and dermoscopy were emergent promising non‐invasive technique as auxiliary tools in diagnosis of different skin conditions. However, the RCM and dermoscopic features of LCH had been less investigated. To reveal the common RCM and dermoscopic features of LCH. Materials and methods Forty cases of LCH were retrospectively analyzed according to age, locations, clinical, RCM, and dermoscopic features from September 2016 to December 2022. To reveal the differences and common in clinical, RCM, and dermoscopic features that occur in different anatomic location. Results In the study, sites of predilection include the trunk 31/40 (77.5%), extremity 21/40 (52.5%), face 14/40 (35%), scalp 11/40 (27.5%), vulvar 4/40 (10%), and nail 2/40 (5%). All LCHs had the common RCM features. There were significant differences in clinical and dermoscopic features for age and lesion anatomic site. The common dermoscopic features for scalp, face, trunk, and extremity were the erythematous scaly rash, purplish‐red globules or patches, scar‐like streaks with ectatic vessels. While the features for nail LCH were purpuric striae, onycholysis and purulent scaly rash, and the erosive erythematous plaque and purulent scaly rash for vulvar LCH. The common RCM features of all LCH showed a focal highly reflective dense image in the surface keratin layer, epidermis architectural disarray, obscuration of dermo‐epidermal junction, numerous polygonal, large, medium reflective, short dendrites cells in the epidermis, and dermis. All LCH involving the vulvar and nail did not manifest skin lesions. Conclusion RCM and dermoscopy showed promising value for diagnosis and differentiation of LCH.
New Carnivora from the Miocene and Pliocene of western Nebraska

A dozen new or little known forms of Carnivora, collected in the Miocene and Pliocene beds of western Nebraska during the past 55 years by the senior author, and which are in the Cook Museum of Natural History, are discussed and described. These include the oldest known record of the Procyonid genus Bassariscus; 2 new canids, Nothocyon regulus, n. sp. , and Tomarctus propter, n. sp. ; and a new mustelid, Dinogale siouxensis, n. gen. and n. sp. New occurrences are cited, interpretations of geology are included, and additional data on known forms are discussed. The occurrence of Borophagus in the "Upper Snake Creek beds" of Matthew extends the age of these beds at least into Hemphillian times.
Effect of Topographic Position and Seasons on the Micronutrient Levels in Soils and Grown Huckleberry ( Solanum scabrum) in Bafut (North-West Cameroon)

Although topography and climate are known to affect soil micronutrient mobility, some related aspects like micronutrient bioavailability to plants and implications to human intake are not fully understood. This paper aimed to study the effects of different topographic positions and seasons (dry or humid) on micronutrient levels in soils and Solanum scabrum. A randomized complete block design with four replications was adopted for each topographic position. Fieldwork was completed by a battery of soil and vegetable analyses. The main results revealed that soil micronutrient levels appeared as follows: Al>Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu for all positions and seasons. The soil micronutrient levels were lowest for the midslope in relation to its steeper gradient that affects downwards migration of matter. Zn and Cu were below the recommended range for agricultural soils, while Al was far above in relation to the strongly acidic pH. In S. scabrum, micronutrients appeared as Mn>Fe>Zn>Al>Cu. Globally, vegetable metal levels were higher in the dry season for all positions. Except Al, all metals were below permissible and toxicity levels in food, while only Fe, Mn and Zn where above recommended range for normal plant growth. Metal transfer factors, apart from midslope, were higher in the dry season. Only Mn and Zn for all positions and seasons as well as Zn at footslope, were above 1. Globally, micronutrient levels in soils and vegetables were higher in the dry seasons for all positions. Micronutrient intake rates were higher in the dry season for all positions but lowest in the midslope for all seasons. Except Fe and Zn in adults, metal levels were above the recommended daily dietary intake indicating excess micronutrients intake by the inhabitants. Overall, a combination of steep slope and humid season reduces soil micronutrient level, limit uptake by vegetables and hence reduce mean daily intake in humans.
Discretization of fractional fully nonlinear equations by powers of discrete Laplacians

We study discretizations of fractional fully nonlinear equations by powers of discrete Laplacians. Our problems are parabolic and of order $\sigma\in(0,2)$ since they involve fractional Laplace operators $(-\Delta)^{\sigma/2}$. They arise e.g.~in control and game theory as dynamic programming equations, and solutions are non-smooth in general and should be interpreted as viscosity solutions. Our approximations are realized as finite-difference quadrature approximations and are 2nd order accurate for all values of $\sigma$. The accuracy of previous approximations depend on $\sigma$ and are worse when $\sigma$ is close to $2$. We show that the schemes are monotone, consistent, $L^\infty$-stable, and convergent using a priori estimates, viscosity solutions theory, and the method of half-relaxed limits. We present several numerical examples.
Local gluing

In the local gluing one glues local neighborhoods around the critical point of the stable and unstable manifolds to gradient flow lines defined on a finite time interval $[-T,T]$ for large $T$. If the Riemannian metric around the critical point is locally Euclidean, the local gluing map can be written down explicitly. In the non-Euclidean case the construction of the local gluing map requires an intricate version of the implicit function theorem. In this paper we explain a functional analytic approach how the local gluing map can be defined. For that we are working on infinite dimensional path spaces and also interpret stable and unstable manifolds as submanifolds of path spaces. The advantage of this approach is that similar functional analytical techniques can as well be generalized to infinite dimensional versions of Morse theory, for example Floer theory. A crucial ingredient is the Newton-Picard map. We work out an abstract version of it which does not involve troublesome quadratic estimates.
Hijacking Attacks against Neural Networks by Analyzing Training Data

Backdoors and adversarial examples are the two primary threats currently faced by deep neural networks (DNNs). Both attacks attempt to hijack the model behaviors with unintended outputs by introducing (small) perturbations to the inputs. Backdoor attacks, despite the high success rates, often require a strong assumption, which is not always easy to achieve in reality. Adversarial example attacks, which put relatively weaker assumptions on attackers, often demand high computational resources, yet do not always yield satisfactory success rates when attacking mainstream black-box models in the real world. These limitations motivate the following research question: can model hijacking be achieved more simply, with a higher attack success rate and more reasonable assumptions? In this paper, we propose CleanSheet, a new model hijacking attack that obtains the high performance of backdoor attacks without requiring the adversary to tamper with the model training process. CleanSheet exploits vulnerabilities in DNNs stemming from the training data. Specifically, our key idea is to treat part of the clean training data of the target model as"poisoned data,"and capture the characteristics of these data that are more sensitive to the model (typically called robust features) to construct"triggers. "These triggers can be added to any input example to mislead the target model, similar to backdoor attacks. We validate the effectiveness of CleanSheet through extensive experiments on 5 datasets, 79 normally trained models, 68 pruned models, and 39 defensive models. Results show that CleanSheet exhibits performance comparable to state-of-the-art backdoor attacks, achieving an average attack success rate (ASR) of 97.5% on CIFAR-100 and 92.4% on GTSRB, respectively. Furthermore, CleanSheet consistently maintains a high ASR, when confronted with various mainstream backdoor defenses.
HGAttack: Transferable Heterogeneous Graph Adversarial Attack

Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks (HGNNs) are increasingly recognized for their performance in areas like the web and e-commerce, where resilience against adversarial attacks is crucial. However, existing adversarial attack methods, which are primarily designed for homogeneous graphs, fall short when applied to HGNNs due to their limited ability to address the structural and semantic complexity of HGNNs. This paper introduces HGAttack, the first dedicated gray box evasion attack method for heterogeneous graphs. We design a novel surrogate model to closely resemble the behaviors of the target HGNN and utilize gradient-based methods for perturbation generation. Specifically, the proposed surrogate model effectively leverages heterogeneous information by extracting meta-path induced subgraphs and applying GNNs to learn node embeddings with distinct semantics from each subgraph. This approach improves the transferability of generated attacks on the target HGNN and significantly reduces memory costs. For perturbation generation, we introduce a semantics-aware mechanism that leverages subgraph gradient information to autonomously identify vulnerable edges across a wide range of relations within a constrained perturbation budget. We validate HGAttack's efficacy with comprehensive experiments on three datasets, providing empirical analyses of its generated perturbations. Outperforming baseline methods, HGAttack demonstrated significant efficacy in diminishing the performance of target HGNN models, affirming the effectiveness of our approach in evaluating the robustness of HGNNs against adversarial attacks.
Community Detection in the Multi-View Stochastic Block Model

This paper considers the problem of community detection on multiple potentially correlated graphs from an information-theoretical perspective. We first put forth a random graph model, called the multi-view stochastic block model (MVSBM), designed to generate correlated graphs on the same set of nodes (with cardinality $n$). The $n$ nodes are partitioned into two disjoint communities of equal size. The presence or absence of edges in the graphs for each pair of nodes depends on whether the two nodes belong to the same community or not. The objective for the learner is to recover the hidden communities with observed graphs. Our technical contributions are two-fold: (i) We establish an information-theoretic upper bound (Theorem~1) showing that exact recovery of community is achievable when the model parameters of MVSBM exceed a certain threshold. (ii) Conversely, we derive an information-theoretic lower bound (Theorem~2) showing that when the model parameters of MVSBM fall below the aforementioned threshold, then for any estimator, the expected number of misclassified nodes will always be greater than one. Our results for the MVSBM recover several prior results for community detection in the standard SBM as well as in multiple independent SBMs as special cases.
Stability of C$_{59}$ Knockout Fragments from Femtoseconds to Infinity

We have studied the stability of C$_{59}$ anions as a function of time, from their formation on femtosecond timescales to their stabilization on second timescales and beyond, using a combination of theory and experiments. The C$_{59}^-$ fragments were produced in collisions between C$_{60}$ fullerene anions and neutral helium gas at a velocity of 90 km/s (corresponding to a collision energy of 166 eV in the center-of-mass frame). The fragments were then stored in a cryogenic ion-beam storage ring at the DESIREE facility where they were followed for up to one minute. Classical molecular dynamics simulations were used to determine the reaction cross section and the excitation energy distributions of the products formed in these collisions. We found that about 15 percent of the C$_{59}^-$ ions initially stored in the ring are intact after about 100 ms, and that this population then remains intact indefinitely. This means that C$_{60}$ fullerenes exposed to energetic atoms and ions, such as stellar winds and shock waves, will produce stable, highly reactive products, like C$_{59}$, that are fed into interstellar chemical reaction networks.