Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of the alternating projection strategy to the Capon beamforming and the MUSIC algorithm for azimuth/elevation AOA estimation

In this paper, the alternating projection (AP) scheme is applied to get the initial and the final estimates of the Capon beamforming algorithm and the MUSIC algorithm. In a previous paper, the AP scheme has been proposed as a computationally efficient method for the initialization and optimization of the cost function for the ML-based angle of arrival (AOA) estimation problem. We call the AP scheme in the previous paper the brute-force AP strategy. To improve the brute-force AP, we suggest the Newton AP which consists of the successive one-dimensional Newton search. The brute-force AP can be used for the initialization and the optimization of the cost function of AOA estimation, and the Newton AP can be used for the optimization of the cost function for the AOA problem. We compare the performance of the AP-based approach with the conventional implementation of the AOA estimation algorithm using two-dimensional brute-force search.
DEVELOPMENT OF A VOXEL BASED LOCAL PLANE FITTING FOR MULTI-SCALE REGISTRATION OF SEQUENTIAL MLS POINT CLOUDS

Abstract. The Mobile Laser Scanner (MLS) system is one of the most accurate and fastest data acquisition systems for indoor and outdoor environments mapping. Today, to use this system in an indoor environment where it is impossible to capture GNSS data, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is used. Most SLAM research has used probabilistic approaches to determine the sensor position and create a map, which leads to drift error in the final result due to their uncertainty. In addition, most SLAM methods give less importance to geometry and mapping concepts. This research aims to solve the SLAM problem by considering the adjustment concepts in mapping and geometrical principles of the environment and proposing an algorithm for reducing drift. For this purpose, a model-based registration is suggested. Correspondence points fall in the same voxel by voxelization, and the registration process is done using a plane model. In this research, two pyramid and simple registration methods are proposed. The results show that the simple registration algorithm is more efficient than the pyramid when the distance between sequential scans is not large otherwise, the pyramid registration is used. In the evaluation, by using simulated data in both pyramid and simple methods, 96.9% and 97.6% accuracy were obtained, respectively. The final test compares the proposed method with a SLAM method and ICP algorithm, which are described further.
Efficient Solution of Spacecraft Thermal Models Using Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient Methods

The thermal mathematical models ofspacecraft areusually constructed using a lumped parameternetwork formulation. Thegoverning equations under the steady-state condition are a system of nonlinearalgebraicequations, often large and sparse. Generally, the quadratic convergent Newton’ s method is used to solve nonlinear systems, in which a linear system with a Jacobian coefe cient matrix is solved at each iteration. It is necessary to solve this linear system in an efe cient and economical way, exploiting the sparsity of the coefe cient matrix in storage as well as in computation. The conjugate gradient method with appropriate preconditioners is a very successful tool to solve large, sparse, linear systems. Numerical experiments were conducted to investigate the effectiveness of preconditioned conjugate gradient methods for large spacecraft thermal problems. The resultsare compared with thoseofsparseelimination methodsand thesuccessive overrelaxation method. Ithasbeen found thattheconjugate gradient method with the symmetric successive overrelaxation preconditioner is a simple and efe cient method to solve large-order problems. Nomenclature A = area,m 2 Fa = albedo load factor Fe = Earth-shine load factor I = solar constant, W/m 2 K = conduction exchange factor, W/K L = Cholesky factor for a positive dee nite symmetric matrix M = preconditioning matrix n = total number of nodes; number of equations; order of the matrix P = internal power dissipation, W R = radiation exchange factor, m 2 T = temperature, K ® = absorptance " = emittance µ = solar incidence angle ·. A/ = spectral condition number of the matrix A Ω = Earth’ s albedo factor or ree ectance Ω. A/ = spectral radius of the matrix A ae = Stefan‐Boltzmann constant, 5.67E-8 W/m 2 -K 4 ! = relaxation parameter Subscripts i = node under consideration j = node thermally coupled to node i opt = optimum s = space node Superscripts T = transpose i1 = inverse * = exact solution
ADT: Aggressive Demotion and Promotion for Tiered Memory

Tiered memory using DRAM as upper-tier (fast memory) and emerging slower-but-larger byte-addressable memory as lower-tier (slow memory) is a promising approach to expanding main-memory capacity. Based on the observation that there are many cold pages in data-center applications, proactive demotion schemes demote cold pages to slow memory even when free space in fast memory is not deficient. Prior works on proactive demotion lower the requirement of expensive fast-memory capacity by reducing applications’ resident set size in fast memory. Also, some of the prior works mitigate the massive performance drop due to insufficient fast-memory capacity when there is a spike in demand for hot data. However, there is room for further improvement to save a larger fast-memory capacity with further aggressive demotion, which can fully reap the aforementioned advantages of proactive demotion. In this paper, we propose a new proactive demotion scheme, ADT, which performs aggressive demotion and promotion for tiered memory. Using the memory access locality within the unit in which applications and memory allocators allocate memory, ADT extends the unit of demotion/promotion from the page adopted by prior works to make its demotion more aggressive. By performing demotion and promotion by the extended unit, ADT reduces 29% of fast-memory usage with only a 2.3% performance drop. Also, it achieves 2.28× speedup compared to the default Linux kernel when the system's memory usage is larger than fast-memory capacity, which outperforms state-of-the-art schemes for tiered memory management.
Dense gas phenomena in a free-piston hypersonic wind tunnel

A theoretical and experimental study has been made of dense gas effects in the VKI Longshot M = 15-27 high Reynolds number tunnel. Longshot differs from a conventional gun tunnel in that the nitrogen test gas compressed by a heavy piston is trapped in a reservoir at the end of the barrel at peak pressure and temperature (typically 30,000 psi at 2150 °K) by the closing of a system of check valves as the piston rebounds. The supply conditions decay gradually during the 25 msec running time as the gas flows through the nozzle from the finite reservoir volume. Theoretical analyses, which account for real gas effects due to intermolecular forces and vibrational excitation, are presented for the free-piston cycle, the decay of reservoir conditions, and the flow through the hypersonic nozzle. Experimental data are found to agree well with predictions.
To Determine the Efficacy of Suprachoroidal Triamcinolone Injection for the Treatment of Refractory Diabetic Macular Edema

Goal: To determine the safety and effectiveness of suprachoroidal triamcinolone injections (SCT) in refractory diabetic macular edema cases. Study Design: An Interventional case series. Place and Duration: In the Ophthalmology department of Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot for six-months duration from January 2021 to June 2021 Methods: A total of 40 eyes from patients with type-I or II diabetes who were over the age of 18 years and were included. Inclusion criteria for the study included patients with treatment resistant central Diabetic Macular Edema of at least 320 um or above (as determined by Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT) and a BCVA of equal to or less than 20/40. The central subfield thickness (CST), BCVA, and intraocular pressure (IOP) were all documented. Patients who had received suprachoroidal triamcinolone (SCTA) were monitored for 3-months and the similar clinical parameters were noted, and the findings were noted. Results: The results showed that 22 (55%) of the 40 patients were female and 18 (45%) were male. The 0.9± 0.22 was the mean log MAR BCVA and 612.89± 195.58 um was the mean pre-injection CST. In the first and third months, the mean post-injection CST was 308.59± 56.75um and 304.89± 54.29um, respectively. After injection at 1 and 3-months, the mean log MAR BCVA was 00.51± 0.3 and 0.36 ±0.20, correspondingly. At the first and third months, the results for pre- and post-injection CST were statistically significant (p value <0.00001). Conclusion: The reduction of refractory diabetic macular edema and improvement of macular thickness on OCT can both be accomplished safely and effectively using CST. Keywords: Central subfield thickness, suprachoroidal triamcinolone, diabetic macular edema.
Experimental study of the horizontally averaged flow structure in a model wind-turbine array boundary layer

When wind turbines are deployed in large arrays, their ability to extract kinetic energy from the flow decreases due to complex interactions among them, the terrain topography and the atmospheric boundary layer. In order to improve the understanding of the vertical transport of momentum and kinetic energy across a boundary layer flow with wind turbines, a wind-tunnel experiment is performed. The boundary layer flow includes a 3×3 array of model wind turbines. Particle-image-velocity measurements in a volume surrounding a target wind turbine are used to compute mean velocity and turbulence properties averaged on horizontal planes. Results are compared with simple momentum theory and with expressions for effective roughness length scales used to parametrize wind-turbine arrays in large-scale computer models. The impact of vertical transport of kinetic energy due to turbulence and mean flow correlations is quantified. It is found that the fluxes of kinetic energy associated with the Reynolds shear stresses a.
Demagnetizing Factors of Rods

A chart is constructed for converting the apparent magnetic permeability to the true permeability of cylinders of any given ratio of length to diameter. The curves are based on previous calculations in which account was taken of the variation of the demagnetizing factor N with permeability, but in which the permeability was assumed constant over any one cylinder. The flux distribution has been determined experimentally in several cylinders, and as the field acting on the specimen is increased from zero, the positions of the effective poles have been found to move toward the middle of the rod until (if the permeability is sufficiently high) they are located about 0.7 of the distance from the middle to the ends, and then to move toward and approach the ends as limits as the permeability declines in high fields.
The mind-body problem

Introduces the theory of signs and sees it as being rooted in behaviourism. Outlines classical conditioning as developed by Pavlov. Considers the theory of signs in a Peircean manner where it has great generality, and provides illustrations of this approach. Then discusses the Quine approach and his thinking in relation to behaviourism. Introduces the mind‐body problem as one of the traditional problems of philosophy. Reviews the question as to the nature of the mind as a system with consciousness. Presents a series of questions set by Levinson, based on Feigl’s definition, and considers their relevance and contribution to the theory.
Apocrine cystomatosis: From the aspect of epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Apocrine cystomatosis, also called epitrichial sweat gland cystomatosis, is a non-neoplastic condition characterised by multiple dilated cysts of sweat gland origin. Histopathologically, these cysts comprise two layers of cells: an inner layer of glandular epithelial cells and an outer layer of myoepithelial cells. A case of apocrine cystomatosis was admitted to a local hospital. The microscopic investigation revealed that some enlarged cysts showed the transition of glandular epithelial cells into a spindle, mesenchymal cell-like morphology. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has long been studied as a pathway for embryogenesis, organ development, and carcinogenesis. While various molecular factors, including cytokines and growth factors, are known to induce EMT, mechanical forces have also been proposed to initiate EMT. The present case describes a possible relationship between EMT occurring in a cystic condition and further pathological inspection.
Risk acceptance and offensive war: The case of Russia under the Putin regime

ABSTRACT Russia’s decision to invade Ukraine in early 2022 was seemingly driven by an unprecedented willingness to accept risks for the Russian regime, state, and society. Developing a generalizable framework, this article analyzes the development of Russian risk acceptance in offensive war initiation. Drawing on policy documents, speeches, expert literature, and various interviews with Russian, Ukrainian, and Western policymakers, the article finds that risk acceptance has continuously risen since the mid-2000s, although the 2022 invasion still evinces some risk aversion. These results are robust when accounting for miscalculation and caution against attributing the 2022 invasion solely to short-term and leader-centric factors. They also provide cues for understanding the crisis behavior of Russia and other major powers, corroborate prospect theory models on cognitive biases in elite decision-making, and indicate the need to revise the theoretical assumption that risk acceptance is an empirically rare and drastic aberration from a risk-neutral or risk-averse normality.
Circulating Endothelial Cells From Septic Shock Patients Convert to Fibroblasts Are Associated With the Resuscitation Fluid Dose and Are Biomarkers for Survival Prediction.

OBJECTIVES To determine whether circulating endothelial cells from septic shock patients and from nonseptic shock patients are transformed in activated fibroblast by changing the expression level of endothelial and fibrotic proteins, whether the level of the protein expression change is associated with the amount of administered resuscitation fluid, and whether this circulating endothelial cell protein expression change is a biomarker to predict sepsis survival. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Medical-surgical ICUs in a tertiary care hospital. PATIENTS Forty-three patients admitted in ICU and 22 healthy volunteers. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Circulating mature endothelial cells and circulating endothelial progenitor cells from septic shock and nonseptic shock patients showed evidence of endothelial fibrosis by changing the endothelial protein expression pattern. The endothelial proteins were downregulated, whereas fibroblast-specific markers were increased. The magnitude of the expression change in endothelial and fibrotic proteins was higher in the septic shock nonsurvivors patients but not in nonseptic shock. Interestingly, the decrease in the endothelial protein expression was correlated with the administered resuscitation fluid better than the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores in the septic shock nonsurvivors patients but not in nonseptic shock. Notably, the significant difference between endothelial and fibrotic protein expression indicated a nonsurvival outcome in septic shock but not in nonseptic shock patients. Remarkably, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that endothelial protein expression levels predicted the survival outcome better than the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores in septic shock but not in nonseptic shock patients. CONCLUSIONS Circulating endothelial cells from septic shock patients are acutely converted into fibroblasts. Endothelial and fibrotic protein expression level are associated with resuscitation fluid administration magnitude and can be used as biomarkers for an early survival diagnosis of sepsis.
Nutritional properties and biological activities of kiwifruit (Actinidia) and kiwifruit products under simulated gastrointestinal in vitro digestion

Background Kiwifruit is one of the most commercialized fruits on the international market, which has notable high nutritional and medicinal value with many health benefits. In addition to being consumed fresh, numerous kiwifruit products are popular, such as kiwifruit juice, vinegar, dried slices, jam, wine, yogurt, and jelly. Although many studies have described the nutritional properties of kiwifruit, investigations on the nutritional properties of kiwifruit products remain limited, especially for kiwifruit products made from raw kiwifruit. Methods Nutritional properties and biological activities of kiwifruit and kiwifruit products, as well as the digestive and absorption characteristics of their nutritional substances, were investigated. Results Kiwifruit, juice, wine, and vinegar were observed to be rich in vitamin C (VC) and polyphenol and exhibited high biological activities, whereas dried kiwifruit slices and jam showed higher amounts of mineral elements. During oral digestion, VC and polyphenol showed similar absorption characteristics, while mineral elements exhibited a number of different trends. A good release rate of all nutritional substances was observed during stomach digestion, while the release rate decreased in serum-available, colon-available, and post-colonic fractions. Eating dried slices and jam supplied high amounts of mineral elements, while eating kiwifruit supplied the most comprehensive nutritional substances. The biological activities detected in raw foodstuffs were much higher than those detected after in vitro digestion. Furthermore, kiwifruit and wine showed the highest biological activities, while dried kiwifruit slices showed the lowest biological activities. Conclusion These results increased our understanding of the nutritional properties of kiwifruit and its products, providing new information and scientific recommendations to consumers for kiwifruit consumption and to producers for kiwifruit production.
Spatial correlation between Bi atoms in dilute GaAs 1-x Bi x : From random distribution to Bi pairing and clustering

We use x-ray absorption spectroscopy to investigate the local structure around Bi atoms in GaAs1�xBix layers grown on GaAs as a function of Bi concentration in order to detect short-range order. We find that static disorder in the Bi next-nearest-neighbor interatomic distances dramatically increases when the Bi concentration is increased. At 1.2% Bi concentration, the Bi atoms are randomly distributed whereas at 1.9%, they tend to form next-nearest-neighbor pairs. When the Bi concentration rises to 2.4%, our results suggest that some of the Bi atoms form small Bi clusters. Such strong deviations from a random distribution are likely to play an important role in the occurrence of the giant optical bowing recently measured in this alloy.
FFT-BASED FILTERING APPROACH TO FUSE PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND PHOTOMETRIC STEREO 3D DATA

Abstract. Image-based 3D reconstruction has been successfully employed for micro-measurements and industrial quality control purposes. However, obtaining a highly-detailed and reliable 3D reconstruction and inspection of non-collaborative surfaces is still an open issue. Photometric stereo (PS) offers the high spatial frequencies of the surface, but the low frequency is erroneous due to the mathematical model's assumptions and simplifications on how light interacts with the object surface. Photogrammetry, on the other hand, gives precise low-frequency information but fails to utilize high frequencies. As a result, in this research, we present a fusion strategy in Fourier domain to replace the low spatial frequencies of PS with the corresponding photogrammetric frequencies in order to have correct low frequencies while maintaining high frequencies from PS. The proposed method was tested on three different objects. Different cloud-to-cloud comparisons were provided between reference data and the 3D points derived from the proposed method to evaluate high and low frequency information. The obtained 3D findings demonstrated how the proposed methodology generates a high-detail 3D reconstruction of the surface topography (below 20 µm) while maintaining low-frequency information (0.09 µm on average for three different testing objects) by fusing photogrammetric and PS depth data with the proposed FFT-based method.
Quantum transport in nano MOSFETs

In this work, a general method for describing quantum electron transport will be introduced. These formulations are based on Schrödinger equation, Pauli master equation, density matrix, Wigner function and the Green function. Here, we describe the microscopic quantum theory of electron transport in silicon devices based on the NEGF formalism. We review the NEGF formalism and derive its key equations. We include the electron–phonon interactions and other scattering mechanisms such as the impurity scattering and the surface roughness scattering. For the electron–electron interactions, we used the assumption that each electron moves independently and sees only the average field generated by all the other electrons.
Inference of Differential Equations by Using Genetic Programming

The ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are used as a mathematical method for the sake of modeling a complicated nonlinear system. This approach is well-known to be useful for the practical application, e.g., bioinformatics, chemical reaction models, controlling theory etc. In this paper, we propose a new evolutionary method by which to make inference of a system of ODEs. To explore the search space more effectively in the course of evolution, the right-hand sides of ODEs are inferred by Genetic Programming (GP) and the least mean square (LMS) method is used along with the ordinary GP. We apply our method to several target tasks and empirically show how successfully GP infers the systems of ODEs. We also describe how our approach is extended to solve the inference of a differential equation system including transdential functions.
On the quantum particle in a polyhedral box

The recently obtained solution of the Schrodinger equation for a particle confined to a particular (non-regular) tetrahedral box is rederived directly rather than through a transformation of a four-body one-dimensional problem. Its simple form is shown to be related to a space-filling property of this particular tetrahedron. The class of all such polyhedra is determined.