Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Birds of Barandabhar Corridor Forest, Chitwan, Nepal

Long term monitoring of bird species was conducted in Barandabhar Corridor Forest, one of the important bird areas of Nepal (IBA). Bird species were identified by the point count method in transect surveys in two-time frames from 2002–2012 and 2015–2016 to obtain the bird species list. We compared our bird list with previously published (after 2000) checklists and compiled the updated checklist of birds of Barandabhar Corridor Forest. We documented 372 bird species belonging to 80 families in Barandabhar, including five Critically Endangered, three Endangered, eight Vulnerable, and 15 Near Threatened species. The Accipitridae family included the highest number of species (n= 32), followed by Muscicapidae (n= 30) and Anatidae (n= 18). Approximately, half of the total confirmed bird species were insectivorous. The list included 63% resident, 27% winter migratory, 7.5% summer migratory, and 2.9% passage migrant species. According to the habitat type, there were 181 species of forest, 74 species of wetland, 24 species of grassland, 70 species of open field, and 23 species of partially wetland birds. This updated checklist of bird species will serve as a reference guide for bird watchers, biodiversity researchers, and support managers for conservation effort; and can be used to track any changes in the composition of bird species in the future.
An electronic ballast with wide dimming range, high PF, and low EMI

The authors describe an electronic ballast design with the capability of low radiated and conducted EMI over a wide dimming range. It overcomes some limitations of traditional electronic ballasts that use frequency variation for dimming control. The proposed design allows soft switching of the ballast from full-power operation down to less than 10% power. Low-cost and low-voltage power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transmitters (MOSFETs) can be used in the proposed dimmable electronic ballast. The design approach is described and implemented successfully in a 2/spl times/36 W fluorescent lamp system.
Broad-band monolithic microwave active inductor and its application to miniaturized wide-band amplifiers

A broadband monolithic microwave active inductor composed of two FETs and a resistor is proposed. The most significant innovation of the active inductor is considered to be a novel circuit structure which suppresses stray capacitance to yield a much higher-frequency operating range than a spiral inductor. The inductor is small and independent of the inductance value. The FET-oriented configuration allows a denser chip circuitry packing. A 0.1-10-GHz miniaturized wideband amplifier realized using the active inductors is described. >
WHY EMPLOYEES DO NOT FOLLOW PROCEDURES

Many organizations dedicate considerable efforts in designing reliable management systems in an attempt to reduce variability in production and improve the potential for superior quality, safety and productivity. These systems operate under the assumption that employees will follow the established rules and procedures. However, when human factors are not considered in the system, errors and violations made by employees can put the entire management system at risk. There are many factors involved in the reason why employees do not follow established procedures. These factors can be very complex and involve organizational, management, motivational, job design, equipment, and environmental considerations, among others. This paper will evaluate these factors and the underlying environment which promotes procedure violations, through the review of publications and previous studies on human error. By considering these factors, measures can be adopted for the prevention and minimization of human errors during execution of operational procedures.
Service Flow Simulation Using Scene Transition Nets (STN) Including Satisfaction-Attribute Value Functions

A new academic field, “service engineering” has emerged; it involves active investigation for increasing the productivities of service industries. However, there are only a few effective tools for the simulation and evaluation of complex services that have been designed using concepts from the field of service engineering. To overcome this shortcoming, the authors propose a multi-agent service flow simulation method using scene transition nets (STNs) that is a very useful graphical modeling and simulation method for application to discrete-continuous hybrid systems. This method treats services as complicated multi-agent and hybrid systems similar to manufacturing systems. To obtain realistic values of customer satisfaction, the authors input satisfaction-attribute value (S-AV) functions, which are often used in service engineering in service flow models using STN. This method visualizes discrete flows of services and temporal changes in the values of customer satisfaction and various other variables of service models. The authors present the results of the simulation of an online DVD rental service involving multiple agents to show the effectiveness of the proposed method that uses an STN GUI simulator developed by them.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Driver Drowsiness Detection Based on Drivers’ Physical Behaviours: A Systematic Literature Review

One of the most common causes of traffic accidents is human error. One such factor involves the drowsy drivers that do not focus on the road before them. Driver drowsiness often occurs due to fatigue in long distances or long durations of driving. The signs of a drowsy driver may be detected based on one out of three types of tests; i.e., performance test, physiological test, and behavioural test. Since the physiological and performance tests are quite difficult and expensive to implement, the behavioural test is a good choice to use for detecting early drowsiness. Behaviour-based driver drowsiness detection has been one of the hot research topics in recent years and is still increasingly developing. There are many approaches for behavioural driver drowsiness detection, such as Neural Networks, Multi Layer Perceptron, Support Vector Machine, Vander Lugt Correlator, Haar Cascade, and Eye Aspect Ratio. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a systematic literature review to elaborate on the development and research trends regarding driver drowsiness detection. We hope to provide a good overview of the current state of research and offer the research potential in the future.
Efficient pump wavelengths of erbium-doped fibre optical amplifier

By choosing pump wavelengths at which excited state absorption does not occur, efficient high gain operation of erbium-doped fibre amplifiers is possible. Practical pump wavelengths of 532 nm and 980 nm are identified as optimal, giving gains as high as 1.35dB/mW and 2.2dB/mW of pump at the two wavelengths, respectively.
Exogenous Application of Chitosan Alleviate Salinity Stress in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

Soil salinity is one of the major factors that affect plant growth and decrease agricultural productivity worldwide. Chitosan (CTS) has been shown to promote plant growth and increase the abiotic stress tolerance of plants. However, it still remains unknown whether the application of exogenous CTS can mitigate the deleterious effects of salt stress on lettuce plants. Therefore, the current study investigated the effect of foliar application of exogenous CTS to lettuce plants grown under 100 mM NaCl saline conditions. The results showed that exogenous CTS increased the lettuce total leaf area, shoot fresh weight, and shoot and root dry weight, increased leaf chlorophyll a, proline, and soluble sugar contents, enhanced peroxidase and catalase activities, and alleviated membrane lipid peroxidation, in comparison with untreated plants, in response to salt stress. Furthermore, the application of exogenous CTS increased the accumulation of K+ in lettuce but showed no significant effect on the K+/Na+ ratio, as compared with that of plants treated with NaCl alone. These results suggested that exogenous CTS might mitigate the adverse effects of salt stress on plant growth and biomass by modulating the intracellular ion concentration, controlling osmotic adjustment, and increasing antioxidant enzymatic activity in lettuce leaves.
Sekiz Haftalık Sezon Öncesi Antrenman Programının Üniversiteli Erkek Boks, Taekwondo ve Karate Sporcularının Fiziksel ve Fizyolojik Özellikleri Üzerine Olan Etkileri

Bu calismanin amaci, 8 haftalik sezon oncesi antrenman programinin erkek sporcu ogrencilerin fiziksel ve fizyolojik ozellikleri uzerine olan etkilerini belirlemektir. Toplam olarak 48 erkek ogrenci bu calismaya gonullu olarak katildi. Tum alan ve laboratuar testleri 8 haftalik calisma oncesinde ve sonrasinda olmak uzere 2 kez ogrencilere verildi. Istatistik analiz, bagimli gruplarda aritmetik ortalamalar arasi farka ait t-testi p<0.05 ve p<0.01 anlamlilik seviyesinde uygulanmistir. Sekiz haftalik program sonunda; Boksorlerde; vucut agirligi, gorsel reaksiyon zamani, Taekwondocularda; vucut yag yuzdesi, Karatecilerde; vucut agirligi ve anaerobik guc degerlerinde istatistiksel acidan (*p<0.05) anlamlilik duzeyinde fark bulundu. Ayrica, boksorlerde; aerobikThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 8-week pre-season training program on some physical and physiological characteristics of collegiate male studentsplayers. Fourty eight male college students volunteered to participate in this study. All field and laboratory tests were given twice: one before and one after the 8-week training program. Statistical analyses were made using paired t-test. At the end of the 8-week program, Box Players; Body Weight, Visual Reaction Time, Taekwondo Players: Body Fat, Karate Players; Body Weight, Aneorobic Power values were statistically found significant (*p<0.05). Moreover, Box Players; Aerobic Power (maxVO2), Aneorobic Power, Vertical Jump, Grip Strength (Right and Left), Flexibilty, Audio Reaction Time, Taekwondo Players; Body Weight, Aerobic power (maxVO2), Aneorobic Power, Vertical Jump, Grip Strength (Right and Left), FlexibiltTaekwondo, karate, boks, fiziksel ve fizyolojik parametreler.Taekwondo, karate, boxing, physical and physiological parameters Tam Metin
Private sector participation in the delivery of highway infrastructure in Central America and Mexico

A case study of private sector involvement in the provision of a roadway infrastructure network reviewed negative experiences in Mexico between 1989 and 1995. The aim of this case study was to identify improvements that must be considered for successful private sector participation on future transport infrastructure projects. The recommendations presented were developed as a result of a review of research and practice in Mexico, and in both developed and developing countries around the world where the private sector has been involved in the delivery of highway infrastructure. Key findings relate to the need for integrated infrastructure planning; the bundling of concession projects and possible use of shadow tolls to make them attractive to the private sector; and, the implementation of more robust financial models in developing countries. These findings have a broader applicability than highways in Central America and may relate to a variety of projects in other developing countries.
Attitudes Toward End-Of-Life Decisions Other Than Assisted Death Amongst Doctors in Northern Portugal

Background Doctors often deal with end-of-life issues other than assisted death, such as incompetent patients and treatment withdrawal, including food and fluids. Methods A link to a questionnaire was sent by email three times, at intervals of one week, to the doctors registered in the Northern Section of the Portuguese Medical Association. Results The questionnaire was returned by 1148 (9%) physicians. This study shows that only a minority of Portuguese doctors were willing to give one or more drugs in lethal doses to cognitively incompetent patients with an incurable, advanced, and progressive disease at the request of a family member or other close person, and even less would do it on their own initiative. Concerning the withdrawal of support of life measures in advanced and progressive diseases at the patient’s request, most doctors were in favor, but much fewer doctors agreed with the suspension of supportive life measures at the request of a family member, another close person, or by their own unilateral decision. However, concerning the suspension of food and fluids, fewer agreed with that action. Portuguese doctors favor the administration of drugs for suffering control, even foreseeing they could shorten life, Conclusion Most doctors in this study respect patients’ autonomy, but do not agree with measures decided by others that have an impact on patients’ survival. They also agree with the administration of drugs for suffering control, even considering the possibility of shortening life.
Diamond based metal-semiconductor contacts for elevated temperatures

Microsystems technology allows the integration of several functions within one product. The tendency towards continous miniaturization and the corresponding increase in integration density is a further challenge to the materials in use, in particular at elevated temperatures. For high temperature applications, wide bandgap semiconductors, such as diamond, are used. Several materials related properties are discussed, in particular for the manufacture of stable contacts.
The oil price crisis and contagion effects on the Canadian economy

ABSTRACT Using a multifactor model, this paper investigates industry-level sensitivities to oil price changes and their spillover effects on 11 economic sectors in Canada during the 2014–2016 oil price crisis through a multisector analysis of sectoral equity indices. The three-factor model proposes a benchmark for interdependence between different sectors and examines the contagion effects transmitted via a common factor, a global oil factor, and a factor specific to the domestic oil and gas (O&G) sector during the crisis period. We provide empirical evidence of a strong and positive relationship between the global oil factor and the Canadian equity market. Results show that all sectoral equity portfolios are exposed to the global oil price. Also, though most economic sectoral portfolios experience contagion effects from the global oil market during the crisis period, some sectors show resilience. Finally, we find limited evidence on the effect of shocks originating in the O&G sector on other sectors of the Canadian economy. Our findings have implications for policy makers, managers and investors.
Characterization and modeling of avalanche multiplication in HBTs

An accurate modeling of avalanche breakdown of HBTs in compact bipolar transistor models for circuit simulation is presented. Based on various device electrical characteristics that are grouped into three classes, a modified VBIC avalanche multiplication model is proposed. By simply replacing one constant avalanche model parameter with current linear dependence, the new model predicts well broad behaviors of breakdown from weak avalanche up into high injections.
Organoleptic Test of Boba Flour Substitution of Pumpkin Seeds High in Fiber and Protein

In 2013, the obesity rate in Indonesia for people over the age of 18 was 14.8 percent; by 2018, the obesity rate had risen to 21.8% (Riskesdas, 2018a). The significant number of fat people in Indonesia is caused by high sugar consumption and low fiber consumption regularly. One hundred grams of pumpkin seeds contain 6 grams of fiber, 30.23 grams of protein, 7.2 mg/100 zinc, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and phytosterols (Nurhasim, Tamrin, and Wahab, 2017). The purpose of this study is to identify the panelists' level of preference for four formulations of pumpkin seed flour boba using assessment factors such as taste, color, texture, and aroma. The procedural model was used in this research and development. This development study utilizes an opinion-based process (Borg and Gall, 1984), which is then modified based on research needs. Organoleptic testing on boba products without added milk drinks on untrained panelists revealed a significant difference in color and texture parameters. There was no significant difference in panelist acceptability of aroma and taste characteristics. The findings of the untrained panelist's appraisal of boba added to a milk companion drink were then presented, revealing significant changes in the color and texture parameters. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant changes in the aroma and taste indices.
Dynamic Economic Load Dispatch Using Quadratic Programming and GAMS

This paper presents a comparative analysis study of an efficient and reliable quadratic programming (QP) and general algebraic modeling system (GAMS) to solve dynamic economic load dispatch (DELD) problem with and without considering transmission losses in a power system. The proposed QP method takes care of different unit and system constraints to find optimal solution. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed QP and GAMS solution, simulations have been performed using four different cases, a 18-unit, 20-unit with losses, 40-unit and a very large system consisting of 110-unit. Results obtained with the QP method and GAMS have been compared with other existing relevant approaches available in literatures. Experimental results show a proficiency of the QP method over other existing techniques in terms of robustness and its optimal search behavior comparing to GAMS.
Comparing the application of social network service with existing method on the efficiency and velocity of spreading mobilization order -Based on the circumstance of Ulchi focus lens training of South Korean military-

Since June 25th 1950, the beginning of the cold war (Korean war), Korean peninsula is still in a state of war. Officially South and North Korean government call a truceafter three years from the beginning day, however both countries are still having several combats in these days. So every Korean citizen male has duty for serving military duty and this lasts even after the serving regular military force, as reserved military. Although South Korea is very small country, the size of military is very large so informing all reserved military takes some time. Since this nation is confronting the enemy and considering the global potential threat, South Korean military needs expedite informing system to call up the reserved military to active duty. In this project, the current informing system has been analyzed and compared with the new method which is using social network service such as Twitter. However mobilization order is very critical. So in our new model there are two ways combined. Using twitter to inform and then use traditional ways to finish the order. This method will provide more efficient and accurate way to cover the call ups.
A 4T/Cell Amplifier-Chain-Based XOR PUF With Strong Machine Learning Attack Resilience

This paper presents an amplifier-chain-based XOR physical unclonable function (AC-XOR PUF), with the process- and/or bias-dependent voltage and amplification information of two identical amplifier chains serving as the entropy sources. The current-biased PUF cell using only 4 NMOS transistors achieves a small area with reduced temperature and supply sensitivity. Optimization on both the stage gain and stage number can reduce the input-referred noise (IRN) and improve the PUF reliability. We further employ an XOR gate to process the amplifier-chain outputs for the final response to improve the energy efficiency and uniqueness. The process- and bias-dependent stage amplification and the nonlinear amplifier-chain multiplication, which can significantly increase the number of modeling parameters and introduce a complex decision boundary respectively, can effectively resist machine learning (ML) modeling attacks. Fabricated in standard 65nm CMOS, the proposed AC-XOR PUF occupies an active area of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6845\mu \text{m}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Without discarding any challenge-response pairs (CRPs), this work features a measured worst case bit error rate (BER) of 5.70% across <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.06\sim 1.55V$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$- 30\sim 125^{\circ }\text{C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, while demonstrating a reliability (intra-die HD) and uniqueness (inter-die HD) of 0.58% and 49.92%, respectively. It also achieves a ML prediction accuracy of 50.72% using <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$80\times 80\times 80$ </tex-math></inline-formula> artificial neural network (ANN) with 1M CPRs as training set.
A Hierarchical Objective Set Covering Model for Emergency Medical Service Vehicle Deployment

The use of hierarchical and multiobjective programming in public decision making is reviewed. The conventional set covering CSC problem is formulated for locating emergency medical service EMS vehicles. Its computational and practical limitations are discussed. The desire to account for inter-district responses leads to the formulation of a hierarchical objective set covering HOSC problem in which we find the minimum number of vehicles needed to cover all zones while simultaneously maximizing the extent of multiple coverage of zones. Several important properties of the HOSC problem are derived, including the fact that for certain values of the relative weights associated with the two objectives, no dominated zones are included in the solution. The CSC and HOSC formulations are applied to a 33-zone problem for Austin, Texas, and computational experiences are indicated.
The Vacuum Interrupter Contact

A survey of developments in electric contact design for vacuum interrupters is presented. The major emphasis is placed upon those characteristics of contact design that have led to practical vacuum interrupters. A brief description is given of the different modes of vacuum arc that have been observed and how these modes occur during one-half cycle of high current arcing. In the main body of the paper the design philosophy behind vacuum interrupter contact design is presented. It is shown that only two classes of contact have achieved practical utilization. The first of these design classes causes a magnetic field to be impressed at right angles to the arc current and hence, causes the arc to move rapidly over the contact face. The second design class impresses a magnetic field parallel to the arc current. This forces the arc into a diffuse mode with many widely separated cathode spots and a diffuse current collection at the anode even at very high currents. Each of these contact designs is discussed and their advantages and disadvantages are deline- ated.