Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cancer and Associated Therapies Impact the Skeletal Muscle Proteome

Introduction: Both cancer and cancer associated therapies (CAT; including chemotherapy or concurrent chemoradiation) disrupt cellular metabolism throughout the body, including the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and function. Adjunct testosterone therapy during standard of care chemotherapy and chemoradiation modulates CAT-induced dysregulation of skeletal muscle metabolism and protects lean body mass during CAT. However, the extent to which the skeletal muscle proteome is altered under these therapeutic conditions is unknown. Objective: We probed the skeletal muscle proteome of cancer patients as an ancillary analysis following a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II trial investigating the effect of adjunct testosterone on body composition in men and women with advanced cancers undergoing CAT. Methods: Men and women diagnosed with late stage (≥IIB) or recurrent head and neck or cervical cancer who were scheduled to receive standard of care CAT were administered an adjunct 7 weeks treatment of weekly intramuscular injections of either 100 mg testosterone (CAT+T, n = 7; 2M/5F) or placebo/saline (CAT+P, n = 6; 4M/2F). Biopsies were performed on the vastus lateralis before (PRE) and after (POST) the 7 weeks treatment. Extracted proteins were separated with 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), and subjected to analyses of total protein abundance, phosphorylation and S-nitrosylation. Proteoforms showing significant 1.5 fold differences (t-test p ≤ 0.05) between PRE and POST timepoints were identified by mass spectroscopy (MS), and lists of altered proteins were subjected to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to identify affected pathways. Results: A total of 756 distinct protein spots were identified. Of those spots, 102 were found to be altered in terms of abundance, phosphorylation, or S-nitrosylation, and identified by mass spectroscopy analysis to represent 58 unique proteins. Among the biological processes and pathways identified, CAT+P predominantly impacted metabolic processes, cell assembly, oxygen transport, and apoptotic signaling, while CAT+T impacted transcription regulation, muscle differentiation, muscle development, and contraction. Conclusion: Cancer and CAT significantly altered the skeletal muscle proteome in a manner suggestive of loss of structural integrity, reduced contractile function, and disrupted metabolism. Proteomic analysis suggests that the addition of adjunct testosterone minimized the structural and contractile influence of cancer and its associated therapies.
Multifunctional Core-Shell Microgels as Pd-Nanoparticle Containing Nanoreactors With Enhanced Catalytic Turnover

In this work, we present core-shell microgels with tailor-made architecture and properties for the incorporation of palladium nanoparticles. The microgel core consists of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) copolymerized with methacrylic acid (MAc) as anchor point for the incorporation of palladium nanoparticles. The microgel shell is prepared by copolymerization of NIPAM and the UV-sensitive comonomer 2-hydroxy-4-(methacryloyloxy)-benzophenone (HMABP). The obtained core-shell architecture was analyzed by means of photon correlation spectroscopy, while the incorporated amount of HMABP was further confirmed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Subsequently, the microgel system was used for loading with palladium nanoparticles and their size and localization were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The catalytic activity of the monodisperse palladium nanoparticles was tested by reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol. The obtained reaction rate constants for the core-shell system showed enhanced activity compared to the Pd-loaded bare core system. Furthermore, it was possible to recycle the catalyst several times. Analysis via transmission electron microscopy revealed, that the incorporated palladium nanoparticles emerged undamaged after the reaction and subsequent purification process since no aggregation or loss in size was observed. Graphical Abstract
Designing 3D tangible interfaces for understanding complex big data

ABSTRACTUnderstanding big and complex scientific data is still an immature topic. It involves studying visualization methods to faithfully represent data, on the one hand, and designing interfaces that truly assist users with data analysis, on the other hand. In an earlier study, we developed guidelines for choosing display environment for four specific, but common, data analysis tasks: identification and judgment of the size, shape, density, and connectivity of objects in a volume. The results showed that using the fish tank virtual reality (VR) system was significantly more accurate at judging the shape, density, and connectivity of objects and significantly faster than the immersive Head-mounted display VR system. Based on those results, we asked the question whether or not the user performance could be further improved by adding tangible elements into the fish tank VR system. We propose several different interface prototypes of a clipping plane that have been realized with the help of wireless vision-.
Investigation of the Light Intensity Effect on Growth, Molting, Hemolymph Lipid, and Antioxidant Capacity of Juvenile Swimming Crab Portunus trituberculatus

An eight-week experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of eight light intensities (0, 0.83, 1.61, 8.17, 15.89, 31.38, 63.69, and 124.31 μmol m-2 s-1) on the survival, growth, antioxidant, molting-related and apoptosis-related gene expression of juvenile swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. The results showed that the survival rate of crabs was the highest under the light intensities of 8.17 and 15.89 μmol m-2 s-1. Under this light intensity, the crabs had the lowest hemolymph glucose (GLU) but the highest triglyceride (TG) content. The crabs in these treatments also had the highest total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, and the lowest malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The growth performance (including weight gain and specific growth rate) and molting frequency of crabs increased with increasing light intensity. The improved growth performance and molting of 8.17 and 15.89 μmol m-2 s-1 groups were also accompanied by up-regulated of the retinoid-X receptor (rxr), ecdysone receptor (ecr), nuclear receptor E75 (e75) gene expression, and down-regulated molt-inhibiting hormone (mih) gene expression. In addition, suboptimal light intensity (0, 0.83, 63.69, and 124.31 μmol m-2 s-1) significantly up-regulated the expression of apoptosis-related genes including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (jnk), tumor suppressor p53 (p53), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (bcl-2). Taken together, the suitable light intensity for the juvenile P. trituberculatus was estimated to be 9.96 μmol m-2 s-1.
Multi-level Delta Sigma Modulator Based Transmitters for GHz Wireless Radio Systems

The delta sigma modulator (DSM) based transmitter is a promising architecture that is suitable for multi-standard wireless applications. The conventional DSM-based transmitter suffers from low overall power efficiency due to the low coding efficiency (CE) of the used two-level DSM circuits. Different approaches are reported in literature to improve the efficiency of DSM-based transmitters with the aim of being competitive with other amplification architectures. Most of the reported architectures suffer from two limitations. First, a fully digital pre-distorter is required to improve the linearity of the transmitter. This increases the complexity of the digital signal processing block and limits the applicability of these architectures for wireless mobile terminals. Second, they have a limited frequency bandwidth. In order to improve the performance of the DSM circuit, a new multi-level complex delta sigma modulator circuit is proposed. A study of different DSM circuits is performed. The study includes Cartesian, envelope and the proposed complex DSM circuits with different circuit orders and different quantization levels. Based on the proposed multi-level complex DSM, three new multi-level DSMbased transmitter architectures are proposed. The first architecture is a linearized single branch multi-level DSM-based transmitter. The linearity is achieved through a new simple linearization algorithm, which is proposed to replace a fully digital pre-distorter. Then, a novel dual-branch DSM-based transmitter is proposed as the second architecture. The proposed transmitter architecture is implemented using a new technique,
Detection of Aseismic Slip and Poroelastic Reservoir Deformation at the North Brawley Geothermal Field From 2009 to 2019

The North Brawley Geothermal Field, located within the Brawley Seismic Zone of Southern California, presents a case study for understanding seismic hazards linked to fluid injection and geothermal energy extraction. An earthquake swarm near the geothermal field in 2012 included two earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 5 and was potentially preceded by a years‐long aseismic slip transient. To better understand ground deformation around the geothermal field, including its evolution with time and its physical mechanisms, we analyze deformation before, during, and after the swarm using ground‐ and satellite‐based geodetic techniques between 2009 and 2019. We integrate observations from GNSS, Sentinel‐1, TerraSAR‐X, UAVSAR, and leveling surveys into a single deformation history. Modeling of this new collection of observations at the North Brawley Geothermal Field provides evidence for 80% more pre‐swarm aseismic slip than previously recognized from 2009 to 2012. During the 2012 Brawley swarm, our geodetic slip inversions closely match the results of seismic waveform inversions from the swarm events. After the 2012 swarm, surface deformation is dominated by poroelastic deformation of a shallow fluid reservoir at <1 km depth rather than fault slip. The deformation history and seismicity catalogs at North Brawley suggest a cessation of fault‐related slip during the ∼7 years after the 2012 earthquake swarm.
Risk Associations of Glycemic Burden and Obesity With Liver Cancer—A 10‐Year Analysis of 15,280 Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Liver is a major site for glucose metabolism. Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity have increased risk of liver cancer. We explored the association of glycemic burden (GB) and obesity with liver cancer in T2D in the prospective Hong Kong Diabetes Register (1995‐2019). We calculated GB using the area under the curve above hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 5.7% and defined obesity as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2. We used Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the association between GB and liver cancer. We included 15,280 patients with at least 10 years of disease duration before liver cancer occurred or censor date, ≥3 years of observation, and ≥5 HbA1c measurements (64% male, age: 58.23 ± 12.47 years, HbA1c: 7.60 ± 1.65%, BMI: 25.58 ± 4.10 kg/m2). We excluded 3 years of HbA1c values before liver cancer to avoid reverse causality. Every 1‐SD increase in GB was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of liver cancer of 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01‐1.47). The top GB quartile group (range: >2.41) had aHR of 1.78 (1.01‐3.13) versus the lowest quartile group (0‐1.19). The aHRs for each SD increase in GB were 1.34 (1.05, 1.70) in the obese group and 1.12 (0.81‐1.53) in the nonobese group, but no interaction (Pinteraction = 0.120). When stratified by GB median (1.69 [1.13, 2.43]) and obesity, obese patients with high GB had the highest aHR of 2.51 (1.44‐4.37) for liver cancer versus the nonobese group with low GB, but no interaction (Pinteraction = 0.071). Subgroup analysis of patients with available hepatitis B surface antigen status (n = 9,248) yielded similar results. Conclusion: Our results emphasized the importance of glycemic and weight control for reducing the risk of liver cancer in T2D.
Temporal Changes in Seismic Velocity and Attenuation at The Geysers Geothermal Field, California, From Double‐Difference Tomography

Water injection and Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) technologies have been used to exploit heat resources from geothermal reservoirs. Detecting spatial and temporal changes in reservoir physical properties is important for monitoring reservoir condition changes due to water injection and EGS. Here, we determine high‐resolution models of the temporal changes in the three‐dimensional P wave velocity and attenuation (Vp and Qp) structures between the years 2005 and 2011 in the northwestern part of The Geysers geothermal field, California, using double‐difference seismic velocity and attenuation tomography. The northwest Geysers has a shallow normal temperature reservoir (NTR) underlain by a high temperature reservoir (HTR) that has substantial underutilized heat resources but may be more fully utilized in the future through EGS. In the southeastern part of the northwest Geysers, however, EGS has been successfully but unintentionally applied for at least 50 years because the waters injected into the NTR have been flowing into the HTR. Our models are well resolved in this area and show that the NTR and HTR have different seismic responses (seismicity, Vp, and Qp) to water injection, which can be explained by the injection‐induced differences in fracturing and saturation that are likely related to their geological properties. Our results indicate that the joint analysis of changes in seismicity, velocity, and attenuation is valuable for characterizing changes in reservoir fracturing and saturation conditions. Our results suggest that high‐permeability zones and/or pre‐existing permeable fault zones are important for the success of EGS at The Geysers and potentially other geothermal systems.
Thermohydrological Impact of Forest Disturbances on Ecosystem‐Protected Permafrost

Boreal forests cover over half of the global permafrost area and protect underlying permafrost. Boreal forest development, therefore, has an impact on permafrost evolution, especially under a warming climate. Forest disturbances and changing climate conditions cause vegetation shifts and potentially destabilize the carbon stored within the vegetation and permafrost. Disturbed permafrost‐forest ecosystems can develop into a dry or swampy bush‐ or grasslands, shift toward broadleaf‐ or evergreen needleleaf‐dominated forests, or recover to the pre‐disturbance state. An increase in the number and intensity of fires, as well as intensified logging activities, could lead to a partial or complete ecosystem and permafrost degradation. We study the impact of forest disturbances (logging, surface, and canopy fires) on the thermal and hydrological permafrost conditions and ecosystem resilience. We use a dynamic multilayer canopy‐permafrost model to simulate different scenarios at a study site in eastern Siberia. We implement expected mortality, defoliation, and ground surface changes and analyze the interplay between forest recovery and permafrost. We find that forest loss induces soil drying of up to 44%, leading to lower active layer thicknesses and abrupt or steady decline of a larch forest, depending on disturbance intensity. Only after surface fires, the most common disturbances, inducing low mortality rates, forests can recover and overpass pre‐disturbance leaf area index values. We find that the trajectory of larch forests after surface fires is dependent on the precipitation conditions in the years after the disturbance. Dryer years can drastically change the direction of the larch forest development within the studied period.
The effect of dairy herd management and milking practices on milk quality : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science in Agricultural Systems and Management at Massey University

A mail survey of 200 dairy farmers supplying Tasman Milk Products Ltd (TML) in northern South Island, New Zealand in July 1996 received 46 % response (92 suppliers). This study was undertaken to gauge the effect of mastitis control practices of the mastitis control (SAMM) plan on milk yield and quality in seasonal supply dairy herds. This survey was written to acquire data on the relationship between important dairy husbandry practices and the status of the milk quality of the herd. These practices included dairy hygiene and teat disinfection; diagnosis and treatment of clinical mastitis; culling; dry cow therapy; and characteristics, maintenance and repair of the milking machine. The data were analysed by the Statistic Analytical Systems (SAS®) and significant results were taken to be at p <
Comparative Performance Analysis of Additional Code Coverage Test Case Prioritization Using Genetic Algorithm

Test case prioritization techniques are used to arrange test cases in an order that increases their ability to meet set performance goal. There are different goals based on which test cases are prioritized such as coverage of test cases, demand of the requirements, available time to accomplish regression testing, rate of fault detection etc. Application of evolutionary algorithm such as genetic algorithm (GA) to these prioritization techniques gives more approximate solution as compared to normal prioritization. This paper presents a technique for prioritization of test cases using GA. The aim is to prioritize test cases so that rate of fault detection increases. The fitness functions used in GA to evaluate the fitness value of each test ordering are APSC, APBC, APCC, and APPC to get four best prioritized suites, each one is based on different coverage criteria. These four solution suites are compared with other prioritization techniques supporting same coverage criteria. The results representing the effectiveness of proposed technique over other prioritization techniques are presented using an APFD metric.
Tunable 4×10 GHz optically modelocked semiconductor fibre laser

A wavelength-tunable 4/spl times/10 GHz optically modelocked semiconductor fibre ring laser is demonstrated. A semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is used as a gain medium and optically controlled mode-locking element, in addition to four superimposed linearly chirped fibre Bragg gratings to provide tunable, multi-wavelength operation. The four wavelengths can be tuned simultaneously with constant wavelength separation by changing the modulation frequency.
Designing a Dual GLP-1R/GIPR Agonist from Tirzepatide: Comparing Residues Between Tirzepatide, GLP-1, and GIP

: Improving type 2 diabetes using incretin analogues is becoming increasingly plausible. Currently, tirzepatide is the most promising listed incretin analogue. Here, I briefly explain the evolution of drugs of this kind, analyze the residue discrepancies between tirzepatide and endogenous incretins, summarize some existing strategies for prolonging half-life, and present suggestions for future research, mainly involving biased functions. This review aims to present some useful information for designing a dual glucagon like peptide-1 receptor/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonist.
The role for long-term use of dehydroepiandrosterone in adrenal insufficiency

Purpose of review Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an androgen produced by the zona reticularis of the adrenal gland. Patients with adrenal insufficiency will have a deficiency of DHEA. Unlike glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement, DHEA supplementation is not considered essential for life and is therefore not routinely replaced in adrenal failure. DHEA deficiency is associated with morbidity, including adverse impacts on metabolic function, quality of life and sexuality in multiple studies. The role for replacement, however, remains unclear. Recent findings The benefits of DHEA supplementation have been definitively demonstrated in a number of historical studies of patients with primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency. Beneficial impacts on quality of life, body composition, bone health and metabolic markers have been demonstrated. However, published data are inconsistent; controversies persist around the exact role of DHEA replacement and around which patient cohorts are most likely to benefit. There is also a paucity of recent randomized controlled trials in the medical literature to inform on optimal dose and duration of DHEA replacement in adrenal failure. Summary Here, we review the evidence for DHEA supplementation in patients with adrenal insufficiency. We highlight knowledge gaps in the medical literature and areas that should be prioritized for future research endeavours.
Variability in Antarctic surface climatology across regional climate models and reanalysis datasets

Abstract. Regional climate models (RCMs) and reanalysis datasets provide valuable information for assessing the vulnerability of ice shelves to collapse over Antarctica, which is important for future global sea level rise estimates. Within this context, this paper examines variability in snowfall, near-surface air temperature and melt across products from the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM), Regional Atmospheric Climate Model (RACMO) and Modèle Atmosphérique Régional (MAR) RCMs, as well as the ERA-Interim and ERA5 reanalysis datasets. Seasonal and trend decomposition using LOESS (STL) is applied to split the monthly time series at each model grid cell into trend, seasonal and residual components. Significant systematic differences between outputs are shown for all variables in the mean and in the seasonal and residual standard deviations, occurring at both large and fine spatial scales across Antarctica. Results imply that differences in the atmospheric dynamics, parametrisation, tuning and surface schemes between models together contribute more significantly to large-scale variability than differences in the driving data, resolution, domain specification, ice sheet mask, digital elevation model and boundary conditions. Despite significant systematic differences, high temporal correlations are found for snowfall and near-surface air temperature across all products at fine spatial scales. For melt, only moderate correlation exists at fine spatial scales between different RCMs and low correlation between RCM and reanalysis outputs. Root mean square deviations (RMSDs) between all outputs in the monthly time series for each variable are shown to be significant at fine spatial scales relative to the magnitude of annual deviations. Correcting for systematic differences results in significant reductions in RMSDs, suggesting the importance of observations and further development of bias-correction techniques.
Invited perspective s : A community perspective on natural hazards key challenges and the Sustainable Development Goals

In this paper, we present the views of 350 members of the Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (NHESS) readership concerning (i) the key challenges in natural hazard sciences and (ii) the broad step changes necessary in the natural hazard research to help facilitate the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. We have analysed the data quantitatively and qualitatively, and note that while the most common knowledge gaps are felt to be around components of 12 knowledge about risk drivers, the step changes that the community felt were necessary related more to issues of interdisciplinary working and stakeholder engagement. some perspectives of the broader European Geosciences Union (EGU) natural hazard community. We do this through a questionnaire launched as part of the 20th anniversary of Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (NHESS). This paper summarises the responses of 350 natural hazard scientists, government workers and practitioners where we asked them via a questionnaire: (i) the top scientific