Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Preliminary Study of the Limnology of Lake Hayes

A general description is given of Lake Hayes, a freshwater lake in the South Island of New Zealand, with a brief analysis of its physical conditions. Preliminary samplings from a variety of lakes showed that Lake Hayes possesses a comparatively rich zooplankton, noteworthy for the fact that its bulk is made up of few species, chiefly entomostracan Crustacea. The greatest number of organisims occur in the upper 6 fathoms but there is a vertical distribution through the complete range. Seasonal fluctuations are marked, the phytoplankton showing greatest productivity in spring, while summer and autumn peaks are dominated respectively by cladocera and copepods. The Entomostraca manifest a diurnal vertical migration. There is a concentration of the population in the surface waters at dawn and dusk. During the day, tile migrants desert the upper waters, while at night the numbers assume average proportions but no peak periods occur. It appears that the Entomostraca of Lake Hayes exhibit n facultative phototropism with a negative reaction to direct sunlight but a positive reaction to weak light.
High spectral resolution reflectance spectroscopy of minerals

The reflectance spectra of minerals are studied as a function of spectral resolution in the range from 0.2 to 3.0 {mu}m. Selected absorption bands were studied at resolving powers ({lambda}/{Delta}{lambda}) as high as 2,240. At resolving powers of approximately 1,000, many OH-bearing minerals show diagnostic sharp absorption at the resolution limit. At low resolution, some minerals may not be distinguishable, but as the resolution is increased, most can be easily identified. As the resolution is increased, many minerals show fine structure, particularly in the OH-stretching overtone region near 1.4 {mu}m. The fine structure can enhance the ability to discriminate between minerals, and in some cases the fine structure can be used to determine elemental composition. For example, in amphiboles and talcs, four absorption bands are observed in the samples analyzed in this study that are due to hydroxyl linked to Mg{sub 3}, Mg{sub 2}Fe, MgFe{sub 2}, and Fe{sub 3} sites. The band intensities have been shown by other investigators to give the Fe:Fe+Mg ratio from transmission spectra. This study shows that the same equations can be used to obtain the ratio from reflectance spectra of unprepared samples. High-resolution reflectance spectroscopy of minerals may prove to be a very important toolmore » in the laboratory, in the field using field-portable spectrometers, from aircraft, and from satellites looking at Earth or other planetary surfaces. « less
The Impact of Left Ventricular Assist Device Outflow Graft Positioning on Aortic Hemodynamics: Improving Flow Dynamics to Mitigate Aortic Insufficiency

Heart failure is a global health concern with significant implications for healthcare systems. Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) provide mechanical support for patients with severe heart failure. However, the placement of the LVAD outflow graft within the aorta has substantial implications for hemodynamics and can lead to aortic insufficiency during long-term support. This study employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to investigate the impact of different LVAD outflow graft locations on aortic hemodynamics. The introduction of valve morphology within the aorta geometry allows for a more detailed analysis of hemodynamics at the aortic root. The results demonstrate that the formation of vortex rings and subsequent vortices during the high-velocity jet flow from the graft interacted with the aortic wall. Time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) and oscillatory shear index (OSI) indicate that modification of the outflow graft location changes mechanical states within the aortic wall and aortic valve. Among the studied geometric factors, both the height and inclination angle of the LVAD outflow graft are important in controlling retrograde flow to the aortic root, while the azimuthal angle primarily determines the rotational direction of blood flow in the aortic arch. Thus, precise positioning of the LVAD outflow graft emerges as a critical factor in optimizing patient outcomes by improving the hemodynamic environment.
Comment on ‘Non‐minimum‐phase wavelet estimation using second‐and third‐order moments’ by Wenkai Lu

Comment on ‘Non-minimum-phase wavelet estimation using second-and third-order moments’ by Wenkai Lu Danilo R. Velis1∗ and Mauricio D. Sacchi2 1Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofı́sicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, La Plata, Buenos Aires, B1900FWA, Argentina, 2University of Alberta, Department of Physics, Avadh Bhatia Physics Laboratory, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2J1, Canada
The Effect of Political Connections, Leverage, Audit Committee Gender, and Company Size on Audit Delay

Audit delay is the number of days needed by the auditor to complete the audit work, measured from the end of the financial year until the issuance of the audited financial report. Timeliness means having information available to make decisions before it loses its capacity to influence decisions. This study aims to determine the effect of political connections, leverage, audit committee gender, and company size on audit delay in property and real estate sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2017 to 2021, both simultaneously and partially. The population in this study are property and real estate sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2017 to 2021. This study uses secondary data in the form of annual financial reports from the property and real estate sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). ) in 2017 to 2021. With a company population of 10 companies with an observation period of five years and obtained a sample data of 50 observational data. This research is quantitative. The data collection technique used purposive sampling with the logistic regression research method which was processed using SPSS software. The results of the tests that have been carried out indicate that simultaneously the variables of political connections, leverage, audit committee gender, and company size have a significant effect on audit delay. Partially, political connections, leverage, and audit committee gender have no significant effect on audit delay. Meanwhile, company size has a significant effect on audit delay.
Predicting the transport of atrazine in soils: Second-order and multireaction approaches

As a follow-up to a previous paper (Ma and Selim, 1994a), this study was designed to further validate a modified second-order, two-site (SOTS) model for describing atrazine transport in column miscible experiments. Moreover, the capability of the SOTS model was compared with that of the multireaction transport model (MRTM) of Selim (1989). For both models the necessary parameters were derived from batch experiments and tritium tracer breakthrough results. The models were used solely to predict atrazine breakthrough curves (BTCs) for different experimental conditions. We also proposed an alternative way of analyzing tritium BTCs, where the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient D and an effective solute transport length Le were used as fitting parameters. Tritium fitted D and Le were used in both models to arrive at atrazine BTC predictions. The SOTS model provided superior predictions over MRTM for all (14) atrazine BTCs regardless of (1) input concentration C0, (2) soil column length L, (3) pore water velocity ν, (4) multiple pulse applications, and (5) flow interruption (incubation). We conclude that the SOTS model was capable of describing chemical heterogeneity of atrazine retention and transport. BTC predictions lend credence to the transport parameter Le in predicting solute transport in soils.
Combining particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithms to improve software effort estimation

Analogy-based estimation compares a project to finished ones to estimate software development work. Despite its numerous advantages, this strategy doesn't work well when project features have varying priorities or dependencies. To fix the problem, optimization techniques, especially meta-heuristic algorithms are often used, however, they might get stuck in the local optimum. This research combines particle swarm and genetics techniques to optimize feature weight globally. This hybrid method increases the likelihood of discovering the global optimal and solving the local optimal problem by employing particle motion in state space, composition, and mutation. Using this procedure, the needed weights for the project characteristics are derived and utilized to estimate the work. The suggested method was tested using Maxwell and Desharnais datasets. The experiment improved the mean magnitude of relative error (MMRE), the median magnitude of relative error (MdMRE), and prediction (PRED).
Compaction creep of quartz-muscovite mixtures at 500°C: Preliminary results on the influence of muscovite on pressure solution

Abstract It is widely claimed that the presence of phyllosilicates in sandstones increases intergranular pressure solution (IPS) rates in these rocks. However, this has not been experimentally confirmed. This study reports the results of isostatic hot-pressing compaction experiments at a temperature of 500°C and an effective pressure of 100 MPa on mixtures of quartz and muscovite. Previous work has shown that under these conditions dissolution is rate controlling in pure quartz. No acceleration of compaction rates of quartz by the addition of muscovite was observed. Instead, a modest decrease in compaction rates was observed (factor 3–10), which we infer was due to a decrease in IPS rate. The effect of muscovite in slowing IPS may be due to the influence of dissolved aluminum (Al3+) dominating over any accelerating effects of alkali-metal cations. From the geochemical literature, Al3+ in solution is expected to decrease the solubility, dissolution rates and precipitation rates of quartz. However, the effect of the addition of muscovite on IPS rates in quartz when controlled by diffusion or precipitation may be different. Experiments should be conducted on quartz sand under conditions where diffusion or precipitation is rate controlling to investigate these possible effects.
Litter Production, Decomposition, and Nutrient Release in Subalpine Forest Communities of the Northwest Himalaya

Production, decomposition, and release of nutrients from leaf and nonleaf litter were investigated in four subalpine forests of North-West Himalaya, India. Total annual litter fall in four communities varied from 2950.00 to 4040.00 kg ha−1 and was found significant (CD0.05 = 118.2). Decomposition of leaf litter varied from 1.82–3.5% during autumn-winter to 36.14–45.51 during summer rainy season in all stands and percent of mass loss was significantly varied in stands (CD6.00). Similarly, decomposition in nonleaf litter was varied from 0.3–1.1% during autumn-winter to 19.59–30.05% during summer rainy season and was significantly varied irrespective of seasons. However, percent decomposition of leaf litter and the values of decay constant ( ) were at par in all stands. Total standing state of nutrients in fresh litter as well as release of total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in due course of decomposition (12 months) was also varying significantly. The rate of nonleaf litter decomposition was significantly positively correlated with air temperature ( in all communities). The significant correlation was observed only in Rhododendron-Sorbus forest community (PRS). Study indicates that the air temperature is a major determinant for nonleaf litter decomposition in this region.
The Impact of Positive Fluid Balance on Sepsis Subtypes: A Causal Inference Study

Introduction Sepsis, the leading cause of death in hospitalized patients globally, was investigated in this study, examining the varying effects of positive fluid balance on sepsis subtypes through causal inference. Methods In this study, data from the eICU database were utilized, extracting 35 features from sepsis patients. Fluid balance during ICU stay was the treatment, and ICU mortality was the primary outcome. Data preprocessing ensured linear assumptions for logistic regression. Binarized positive fluid balance with mortality was examined using DoWhy's logistic regression, while continuous data were analyzed with random forest T-learner. ATE served as the primary metric. Results Results revealed that septic patients with higher fluid balance had worse mortality outcomes, with an ATE of 0.042 (95% CI: (0.034, 0.047)) using logistic regression and an ATE of 0.0340 (95% CI: (0.028–0.040)) using T-learner. In the pulmonary sepsis subtype, higher mortality was associated with increased fluid balance, showing an ATE of 0.047 (95% CI: (0.037, 0.055)) using logistic regression and an ATE of 0.28 (95% CI: (0.22, 0.34)) with T-learner. Conversely, urinary sepsis patients had improved mortality with higher fluid balance, presenting an ATE of −0.135 (95% CI: (−0.024, −0.0035)) using logistic regression and an ATE of −0.28 (95% CI: (−0.34, −0.22)) with T-learner. Conclusion Our research implies that fluid balance impact on ICU mortality differs among sepsis subtypes. Positive fluid balance raises mortality in sepsis and pulmonary sepsis but may protect against urinary sepsis. Further trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Multiple calcrete profiles in the Tabernas Basin, southeast Spain: their origins and geomorphic implications

The paper describes a sequence of Pliocene(? ) to Quaternary age calcretes developed within alluvial fan and fluvial gravels in the Tabernas Basin, Almeria Province, southeast Spain. Calcrete profiles are described from sites adjacent to major tributaries of the Rambla de Tabernas. Six distinct calcrete units are identified within the basin. These have variable distributions but have developed in an identifiable evolutionary sequence. Two pairs of calcrete units are widely present across the basin preserving two former land surfaces. Each of the former land surfaces has been planated and subsequently buried by alluvial fan or fluvial gravels. A massive calcrete unit is present at the base of each gravel sequence, immediately in contact with the underlying bedrock, with a less well developed calcrete unit situated at the top of the gravel sequence. The lowest two calcrete units within the basin are more spatially restricted and are confined to the floors and flanks of incised drainage lines. The geochemistry, macro- and micromorphological properties and geomorphological positions of the calcrete units are outlined and, on the basis of this information, their mode of origin identified. Two main modes of calcrete genesis appear to be present: massive calcretes situated in direct contact with bedrock are suggested to have formed by groundwater processes, whilst calcretes situated at the top of gravel sequences are likely to have developed by pedogenic processes. Calcrete genesis is subsequently considered in the context of the reconstruction of the early phases of landscape development, and is suggested to have been controlled by phases of uplift and stability within the Tabernas Basin. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laboratory and theoretical modeling of air-sea momentum transfer under severe wind conditions

[1] The laboratory experiments on investigation of aerodynamic resistance of the waved water surface under severe wind conditions (up to U10 ≈ 40 m s−1) were carried out, complemented by measurements of the wind-wave spectra. The tendency to saturation of the surface drag was observed for wind speeds exceeding 25 m s−1, accompanied by the saturation of wind-wave slopes. The effect of surface drag saturation can be explained quantitatively within the quasi-linear model of the air boundary layer above the waved water surface, when the contribution of the short-wave part of the wind-wave spectrum to aerodynamic resistance of the water surface is taken into account.
Studi Teknik Bioremediasi Tanah Tercemar Logam Berat Dengan Menggunakan Eco-Enzyme

The technique of remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil can be done biologically with the help of microorganisms. Bioremediation is a soil remediation technique that uses enzymes from microorganisms in an effort to rehabilitate soil. The bioremediation mechanism occurs when enzymes derived from the activity of microorganisms interact with heavy metals in the soil and then convert them into uncomplicated chemical structures so that the level of heavy metal toxicity decreases. Among biological agents, enzymes have great potential to effectively convert and detoxify pollutant substances because enzymes have been recognized to be capable of converting pollutants at detectable levels and are potentially suitable for restoring polluted environments. Eco-enzyme is a fermented liquid produced from the composition of fruit/vegetable organic waste, water and brown sugar, which is an alternative product in helping the process of soil biodegradation. Eco-enzymes contain hydrolytic enzymes that can increase soil fertility and can be used as an effort to degrade heavy metals in polluted soil.
Observations of the vertical distribution of stratospheric OClO

A light and easily operated balloon-borne UV-visible spectrometer was designed for investigating ozone chemistry in the Arctic winter. The optical sonde was flown 10 times during EASOE in northern Scandinavia in winter 1991–92 to measure O3 and NO2, the results of which are presented in a companion paper. On two occasions, 13 and 16 January 1992, during the coldest period of the campaign, when PSCs were visible from the ground, OClO mixing ratios of 16 ± 2 and 19 ± 3 ppt (1 s.d.) respectively were detected around 20 km at sunset. These are the first OClO profiles to be reported. They yield integrated columns of 5.8 and 8.9 1012 mol. /cm² above 16 km and 17 km respectively. These values are consistent with ground-based and aircraft total column measurements in the Arctic.
Mesospheric clouds and the physics of the mesopause region

During the last decade, new satellite observations of polar mesospheric clouds and ground-based radar and lidar sounding of the high-latitude summertime mesosphere have stimulated new interest in this highly unusual atmospheric region. Computer simulations indicate that the ice condensation model for mesospheric cloud formation is correct in broad outline. This review contains a brief historical account of early mesospheric cloud studies with an emphasis on the two main theories: cosmic dust and ice condensation models. Current topics are described, including wave-cloud interactions, the dynamics and momentum budget of the high-latitude polar mesosphere, new satellite observations, polar mesospheric summer radar echoes, heterogeneous chemistry, and implications of apparent secular changes in cloud brightness for global change of the atmosphere as a whole. There are major uncertainties in our theoretical understanding of the ice formation process, particularly in how the ice particles are nucleated. Future progress will require new research efforts in three separate directions: observations (ground based, rocket, and satellite), laboratory experiments, and theoretical modeling.
Quantization of the Low-Frequency Variability of the Double-Gyre Circulation

Abstract The low-frequency dynamics of the double-gyre wind-driven circulation in large midlatitude oceanic basins is investigated. It is shown that for quasigeostrophic models linear (Rayleigh) friction is necessary to obtain realistic recirculation gyres and elongated jet streams with small meridional-to-zonal aspect ratio. It is also found that the use of either no-slip or free-slip boundary conditions does not change the drastic effects of bottom drag on the large scales. These long oceanic jets are alternatively destabilized and restabilized through successive (subcritical) supercritical symmetry-breaking bifurcations that are linked to the (non) existence of stationary Rossby waves. These waves are strongly localized along the oceanic front and are thus hardly affected by the basin geometry. Numerical and analytical results show that these waves are “quantized” with respect to the length of the jet, and an explicit dispersion relation is given. Numerical computations of branches of steady states, to.
Les nouvelles dynamiques intra-métropolitaines de l'emploi favorisent-elles des migrations pendulaires plus « durables » ? le cas de la région métropolitaine de Montréal, 1998-2003

Using a very detailed and disaggregated classification of job location, this study aims at better describing the evolution of commuting distances and mode choice associated with new forms of employment distribution in the Montreal metropolitan region (polynucleation vs. scatteration). For this purpose, we use the 1998 and 2003 OD survey of the Montreal Metropolitan Transport Agency. Our results clearly underline the fact that if polynucleation is associated with less “sustainable” commuting, the use of a more detailed classification of employment zones, distinguishing between core and frame of the most important job centers, sheds light on the fact that this trend is, to a large extent, offset by new forms of employment diffusion around these job centers, which are associated with more “sustainable” commuting. © 2008 Lavoisier, Paris. Tous droits reserves.
A Deep-Learning-Based Secure Routing Protocol to Avoid Blackhole Attacks in VANETs

Vehicle ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a vital part of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), offering a variety of advantages from reduced traffic to increased road safety. Despite their benefits, VANETs remain vulnerable to various security threats, including severe blackhole attacks. In this paper, we propose a deep-learning-based secure routing (DLSR) protocol using a deep-learning-based clustering (DLC) protocol to establish a secure route against blackhole attacks. The main features and contributions of this paper are as follows. First, the DLSR protocol utilizes deep learning (DL) at each node to choose secure routing or normal routing while establishing secure routes. Additionally, we can identify the behavior of malicious nodes to determine the best possible next hop based on its fitness function value. Second, the DLC protocol is considered an underlying structure to enhance connectivity between nodes and reduce control overhead. Third, we design a deep neural network (DNN) model to optimize the fitness function in both DLSR and DLC protocols. The DLSR protocol considers parameters such as remaining energy, distance, and hop count, while the DLC protocol considers cosine similarity, cosine distance, and the node’s remaining energy. Finally, from the performance results, we evaluate the performance of the proposed routing and clustering protocol in the viewpoints of packet delivery ratio, routing delay, control overhead, packet loss ratio, and number of packet losses. Additionally, we also exploit the impact of the mobility model such as reference point group mobility (RPGM) and random waypoint (RWP) on the network metrics.