Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Size-Specific Modulation of a Multienzyme Glucosome Assembly during the Cell Cycle

Enzymes in glucose metabolism have been subjected to numerous studies, revealing the importance of their biological roles during the cell cycle. However, due to the lack of viable experimental strategies for measuring enzymatic activities particularly in living human cells, it has been challenging to address whether their enzymatic activities and thus anticipated glucose flux are directly associated with cell cycle progression. It has remained largely elusive how human cells regulate glucose metabolism at a subcellular level to meet the metabolic demands during the cell cycle. Meanwhile, we have characterized that rate-determining enzymes in glucose metabolism are spatially organized into three different sizes of multienzyme metabolic assemblies, termed glucosomes, to regulate the glucose flux between energy metabolism and building block biosynthesis. In this work, we first determined using cell synchronization and flow cytometric techniques that enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged phosphofructokinase is adequate as an intracellular biomarker to evaluate the state of glucose metabolism during the cell cycle. We then applied fluorescence single-cell imaging strategies and discovered that the percentage of Hs578T cells showing small-sized glucosomes is drastically changed during the cell cycle, whereas the percentage of cells with medium-sized glucosomes is significantly elevated only in the G1 phase, but the percentage of cells showing large-sized glucosomes is barely or minimally altered along the cell cycle. Should we consider our previous localization–function studies that showed assembly size-dependent metabolic roles of glucosomes, this work strongly suggests that glucosome sizes are modulated during the cell cycle to regulate glucose flux between glycolysis and building block biosynthesis. Therefore, we propose the size-specific modulation of glucosomes as a behind-the-scenes mechanism that may explain functional association of glucose metabolism with the cell cycle and, thereby, their metabolic significance in human cell biology.
Prediction of the slope movements on the base of inclinometric measurements and numerical calculations

The slope movement has been examined in 4 boreholes located on it, on the base of systematic inclinometer measurements performed during two years. The movement was equal to few millimetres or even centimetres per year, depending on the borehole. Current deformation activity observed on the slope means that application of any static model for stability calculations would be incorrect. Thus, the mass was modelled as creeping material and calculations of the movement have been carried out using Burger’s creep model and finite difference method. The results of inclinometric measurements allowed both for choosing parameters of the model and for verification of calculation results. The measured deformations occurred in shallow range, up to 6 m. Calculations proved that although the soil is nearly homogeneous from a lithological point of view, it has different mechanical parameters with values increasing with depth. Only differentiation of the parameter values depending on the depth allow for confinement of the movement to shallow depth range. The final results show satisfactory agreement between measured and calculated results which developed in two years. The elaborated numerical model could serve as a tool for prediction of further slope deformations.
Can we use state and transition models to add dynamism to fire risk and behaviour models?

: Fire risk and fire behaviour models have long assumed static fuel profiles: fuels reaccumulate post-disturbance to an equilibrium value following the Olson curve (Olson, 1963). However, fuel load is not the only vegetation-related predictor of fire behaviour and does not always follow Olsen accumulation patterns, and, perhaps more importantly such static models are unable to represent the dynamic changes to ecosystems that are likely under climate change. One approach for modelling and mapping ecosystems dynamically is using State and Transition Simulation Models (STSMs; Daniel et al., 2016), a spatially-explicit parameterisation of state and transition conceptual models (S&TMs; Westoby et al., 1989), that has been widely applied in the United States . S&TMs, or similar models with the same underpinning theory, have been utilised by Australian ecologists and practitioners for over 50 years. Many such models exist but few have been parameterised to make spatially explicit predictions of the extent and change of different vegetation types in Australia. We outline an approach for using STSMs to model fuels and fire risk at both landscape and continental scales. This involves (a) identifying important expressions of ecosystem dynamics (e.g. frequently burnt savanna or structurally mature forest) and pathways between them (e.g. succession), (b) identifying anthropogenic drivers of change (e.g. reference or altered fuel structure) and drivers of transitions between states (e.g. fire exclusion) for an ecosystem type, (c) locating existing states and expressions in the landscape using remote sensing variables, and (d) using existing abiotic and biophysical models (e.g., fire behaviour, climate change, and plant growth) to understand how rates of change along these pathways might be altered by climate change interacting with land management. We then discuss two case studies of the landscape-scale approach: one in Tasmanian wet eucalypt forest, and one in tropical savanna in central Arnhem Land, providing preliminary results and indicating how this approach fits into a national state and transition modelling framework. We examine how this approach could create ecologically meaningful, dynamic maps of fuels that will be compatible with modern fire risk and behaviour modelling efforts , contributing to a nationally consistent map of fuels and fire risk through inclusion in the Australian Fire Danger Rating System (AFDRS) and inform natural asset protection.
On the radiometric resolution of SAR signals

In accordance with the provisions of the theory of statistical decisions, an expression for the error probability of discriminating the intensities of two signals as a function of the radiometric resolution of a synthetic aperture radar is obtained. The result of observing fluctuations at the input of the processing channel over a finite interval is represented by a sequence of complex samples that are the sum of samples of uncorrelated normal noise and signal samples. This sequence is considered as a normal complex random vector with a specified normalized correlation matrix, while the processing algorithm is assumed to be given. The proposed approach is compared with known methods for determining the radiometric resolution: the heuristic method and the differential radio contrast method. The advantages of the proposed method are demonstrated.
The deaths of massive stars in binary systems

Core-collapse supernovae (ccSNe) are energetic explosions that mark the end of the life of massive stars, with initial masses above ~ 8 solar masses. These explosions shape their environments and produce many of the elements that are essential for life. Still, there are many unanswered questions about them and their stellar progenitors. Recent observations show that a significant fraction of massive stars are found in close binary systems and are expected to interact with a companion prior to explosion, exchanging mass or even merging. In this thesis we use population synthesis simulations to study the impact of binary evolution of the progenitors of ccSNe on the statistical properties of these explosions. We first focus on how binary interactions can extend the delay time between the formation of massive stars and their eventual explosions. We then present theoretical predictions about the stellar companions of hydrogen-poor ccSN progenitors at the moment of explosion, finding that in the majority of cases a quite unevolved companion is expected nearby. We use these results to interpret post-explosion observations of SN 2002ap and SN 1994I. We also study the properties of stars that become unbound from their binary systems due to a prior ccSN explosion from their companion. Finally, we find that 1/3 to 1/2 of hydrogen-rich ccSNe progenitors are expected to accrete mass from or merge with a companion prior to explosion. We investigate how these interactions may affect the core mass distribution of their progenitors.
Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Produced with Optimized Volumes of Calcined Clay and Rice Husk Ash—Emphasis on Rheology, Flowability Retention and Durability

The durability of concrete requires a dense microstructure which can be achieved by using self-compacting concrete (SCC). Both calcined clay (CC) and rice husk ash (RHA) are promising supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) that can partially replace cement, but their use in SCC is critical due to their higher water demand (WD) and specific surface area (SSA) compared to cement. The effect of partial substitution of cement at 20 vol-% with binary and ternary blends of CC and RHA on flowability retention and durability of SCC was investigated. The empirical method of SCC design was adopted considering the physical properties of both CC and RHA. The deformability of the SCC was evaluated using the slump flow and J-ring tests. The T500 time and the V-funnel test were used to assess the viscosity of the SCC. The flowability retention was monitored by the plunger method, and flow resistance was determined based on the rheological measurements of SCC. The evolution of the hydrate phases of the binder in SCC was determined by thermogravimetric analysis, while the durability was evaluated by a rapid chloride migration test. Cement partial replacement with 20 vol-% CC has no significant effect on fresh SCC, flowability retention, compressive strength and durability properties. On the other hand, 20 vol-% RHA requires a higher dosage of SP to achieve self-compactability and increase the viscosity of SCC. Its flowability retention is only up to 30 min after mixing and exhibited higher flow resistance. It consumes more calcium hydroxide (CH) and improves the compressive strength and chloride resistance of SCC. The ternary blending with CC and RHA yielded better fresh SCC properties compared to the binary blend with RHA, while an improved chloride penetration resistance could be achieved compared to the binary CC blend.
Force propagation between 1 epithelial cells depends on active 2 coupling and mechano-structural 3 polarization 4

Cell-generated forces play a major role in coordinating the large-scale behavior of cell 16 assemblies, in particular during development, wound healing and cancer. Mechanical signals 17 propagate faster than biochemical signals, but can have similar effects, especially in epithelial 18 tissues with strong cell-cell adhesion. However, a quantitative description of the transmission 19 chain from force generation in a sender cell, force propagation across cell-cell boundaries, and 20 the concomitant response of receiver cells is missing. For a quantitative analysis of this important 21 situation, here we propose a minimal model system of two epithelial cells on an H-pattern ("cell 22 doublet"). After optogenetically activating RhoA, a major regulator of cell contractility, in the 23 sender cell, we measure the mechanical response of the receiver cell by traction force and 24 monolayer stress microscopies. In general, we find that the receiver cells shows an active 25 response so that the cell doublet forms a coherent unit. However, force propagation and 26 response of the receiver cell also strongly depends on the mechano-structural polarization in the 27 cell assembly, which is controlled by cell-matrix adhesion to the adhesive micropattern. We find 28 that the response of the receiver cell is stronger when the mechano-structural polarization axis is 29 oriented perpendicular to the direction of force propagation, reminiscent of the Poisson effect in 30 passive materials. We finally show that the same effects are at work in small tissues. Our work 31 demonstrates that cellular organization and active mechanical response of a tissue is key to 32 maintain signal strength and leads to the emergence of elasticity, which means that signals are 33 not dissipated like in a viscous system, but can propagate over large distances. 34
Prognostic values of geriatric nutrition risk index on elderly patients after spinal tuberculosis surgery

Background Spinal tuberculosis (STB) is a significant public health concern, especially in elderly patients, due to its chronic and debilitating nature. Nutritional status is a critical factor affecting the prognosis of STB patients. The geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) has been established as a reliable predictor of adverse outcomes in various diseases, but its correlation with surgical outcomes in elderly STB patients has not been studied. Objective The study aimed to assess the prognostic value of the GNRI in elderly patients with STB who underwent surgery. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records of elderly patients (65 years or older) diagnosed with active STB who underwent surgical treatment. Data collection included patient demographics, comorbidities, clinical history, laboratory testing, and surgical factors. GNRI was calculated using serum albumin levels and body weight. Postoperative complications were observed and recorded. The patients were followed up for at least 1 year, and their clinical cure status was assessed based on predefined criteria. Results A total of 91 patients were included in the study. We found that a GNRI value of <98.63 g/dL was a cutoff value for predicting unfavorable clinical prognosis in elderly STB patients undergoing surgery. Patients with a low GNRI had higher Charlson Comorbidity Index scores, were more likely to receive red blood cell transfusions, and had a higher prevalence of overall complications, particularly pneumonia. The unfavorable clinical prognosis group had lower GNRI scores compared to the favorable prognosis group. Multivariate analysis showed that lower GNRI independently predicted unfavorable clinical outcomes in elderly STB patients. Conclusion The study concluded that the GNRI is a valuable biomarker for predicting prognosis in elderly STB patients undergoing surgical intervention. Patients with lower GNRI scores had worse outcomes and a higher incidence of complications.
Building the case for a bottom-up approach to SDI
stakeholder collaboration – experiences from South Africa

Abstract. Inclusive governance remains a challenge for the South African Spatial Data Infrastructure (SASDI). This is evidenced through the limited participation of sub-national government in SASDI and the challenges they experience with access to fundamental geospatial data. The purpose of this paper is to make recommendations for enhancing the role of sub-national government and other users in SASDI. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with representatives from municipalities and the municipal land use application process was used as a case study. The interviews confirmed that municipalities are striving to operate efficiently, but that limited access to fundamental geospatial data constrains them. Based on the results, it is recommended that access to geospatial data be improved through an integrated approach to stakeholder collaboration, coordinated by the SASDI. Such collaboration would proactively pursue inclusive governance and could significantly improve access to fundamental geospatial datasets.
Natural Grass Cultivation Management Improves Apple Fruit Quality by Regulating Soil Mineral Nitrogen Content and Carbon–Nitrogen Metabolism

Orchard grass cultivation management is an effective measure to safeguard the sustainable development of the fruit industry in China. However, details of the influence of natural sod culture management on carbon (C)–nitrogen (N) nutrition of trees and fruit quality in Hanfu apple orchards are lacking. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted, which consisted of two treatments: clean tillage (CT) and natural grass cultivation (NG). Results revealed that NG treatment contributed to the increases in soil organic matter (SOM), total N, and soil NH4+-N at depths of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm, while the soil NO3−-N concentration under NG treatment was significantly decreased at the same depth, within the range of 0–200 cm of the soil profile, compared with CT. NG treatment also significantly promoted leaf photosynthesis and enhanced leaf N and fruit sugar metabolism. The results of isotope labeling showed that NG treatment obviously elevated the 13C accumulation and distribution rate in fruits, as well as the 15N accumulation in the whole tree, whereas the 15N accumulation in fruits decreased. Furthermore, NG treatment significantly increased the fruit anthocyanin content. These results provide theoretical references for the feasibility of natural sod culture management to improve fruit quality in Hanfu apple orchards.
Effects of Orchard Grass on Soil Fertility and Nutritional Status of Fruit Trees in Korla Fragrant Pear Orchard

Grass cultivation is widely used as an effective soil management method in pear orchards. A Korla fragrant pear orchard with clean cultivation (CK) and natural grass planting for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years was examined in this study. We analyzed the differences in soil fertility and shoot and leaf nutrient content under different grassing years. Compared with the clean cultivation, grass cultivation reduced the soil fertility and nutrient content of shoots and leaves at the early stage of natural grass planting (1–2 years). With the increase in grassing years, the overall level of the nutrient content of soil, shoots, and leaves gradually increased; the shallower the soil layer, the more significant the effect. Furthermore, grass cultivation significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. The nutrient contents of shoots and leaves were also significantly increased after grass cultivation. The contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium in shoots were significantly increased by 7.32%, 154.84%, and 219.29% in 5, 4, and 5 years, respectively, and their contents were also increased by 69.57%, 22.86%, and 26.45% in leaves. The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant or extremely significant positive correlation among the shoots, leaves, and soil nutrient contents. In conclusion, continuous grass cultivation significantly improved the soil quality, health status, and nutritional status, and effectively solved the problem of harm to the pear orchard caused by long-term clean cultivation. This study will provide the scientific basis for the construction of a reasonable orchard soil management mode.
Alternate dosing of fingolimod in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A systematic review

Background: Fingolimod is approved in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) with the recommended dose of 0.5 mg daily. To tackle possible adverse events, some clinicians may reduce the dose of fingolimod, mainly in the alternate-day form. We systematically reviewed the literature for efficacy measures of this method. Methods: PubMed (Medline®), Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched until April 9, 2021. Clinical studies (other than case reports and case series), in English, were included. Then, publications concerning alternate dose fingolimod (including every other day, every two or three days) were selected. Those studies concerning reduced daily dose (any daily dose less than 0.5 mg/day) were excluded to focus on alternate dosing. Results: Four observational studies were included. Data on Ohtani et al. study were limited. Three other studies were of good quality based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A total of 296 patients on the standard dose were compared to 276 patients on the alternate dosage. The most common reason for switching to the alternate dose was lymphopenia, followed by elevated liver enzymes. Two studies concluded that the alternate dosing could be a safe, yet effective strategy in patients with intolerable adverse effects of daily dose. However, Zecca et al. warned about the high possibility of disease reactivation. Due to the differences in outcome measures of the studies, meta-analysis was not applicable. Conclusion: This systematic review highlights the ambiguity of evidence on safety and efficacy of alternate dosing of fingolimod, encouraging further research on the subject.
Command Filtered Backstepping-Based Attitude Containment Control for Spacecraft Formation

In this paper, the problem of adaptive finite-time attitude containment control for multiple spacecrafts with unknown external disturbances in spacecraft formation flying is investigated. A distributed control strategy combined with finite-time command filtered backstepping (FTCFB) and an adaptive technique is proposed, which can guarantee the containment errors of attitudes between leader spacecrafts and follower spacecrafts reaching the desired neighborhood in finite time. Moreover, the applied second-order sliding mode differentiator in FTCFB can make the output of the command filter fast approximate the derivative of the virtual signal at the second step of backstepping, which can further improve the control quality. A simulation example is given to show the effectiveness of the new designed technique presented.
Phylogenetic Analysis and Detection of Drug Resistance Gene in Theileria annulata Isolated from Buffaloes

Bovine theileriosis, caused by Theileria annulate, is disease affecting cattle and buffaloes worldwide. The current study aimed to screen the blood samples of 30 naturally suspected local buffaloes infected with Theileria species. The blood samples were initially examined by light microscopic and then the positive samples were subjected to PCR reactions. All 30 animals indicated clinical symptoms, such as high fever, loss of appetite, the presence of the hard tick, and enlargement of lymph nodes. The amplified products of 18S rRNA were analyzed, along with molecular detection of the drug-binding site alterations and interrelated changes in the cytochrome b (cyto b) gene. Blood smears revealed the presence of infected erythrocytes with Theileria spp. The PCR results confirmed infection in samples when DNA amplified with partial 18S rRNA and cyto b genes. The sequencing data were obtained from GeneBank using the accession numbers OM937770.1, ON207523.1, ON207525.1, ON207524.1, ON207526.1, and ON207527.1 Following BLAST analysis (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool), genetic differences were observed between the Iraqi isolate OM937770.1 and strains from India, Iran, and Turkey. The data obtained from the current study may reveal the genetic alteration of the local strain in the drug-target codons, which are found in one isolate and are different from the GenBank isolates. The results suggest that the failure of buparvaquone therapy might be due to the resistance to cyto b gene.
Recent Progress in Antibody Epitope Prediction

Recent progress in epitope prediction has shown promising results in the development of vaccines and therapeutics against various diseases. However, the overall accuracy and success rate need to be improved greatly to gain practical application significance, especially conformational epitope prediction. In this review, we examined the general features of antibody–antigen recognition, highlighting the conformation selection mechanism in flexible antibody–antigen binding. We recently highlighted the success and warning signs of antibody epitope predictions, including linear and conformation epitope predictions. While deep learning-based models gradually outperform traditional feature-based machine learning, sequence and structure features still provide insight into antibody–antigen recognition problems.