Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cross-border Higher Education: issues and implications for quality assurance and accreditation

Internationalization is transforming the world of higher education and globalization is changing the world of internationalization. The exponential growth in the mobility of students, programmes and providers across borders brings us new opportunities to increase access to higher education, yet it also introduces new risks. One of the most important challenges in cross-border education is how to ensure the quality of academics and to achieve the recognition/legitimacy of what qualifications are awarded. This paper focuses on key issues and implications such as registering and accrediting the diverse range of new types of foreign providers, whether they are traditional universities, commercial companies or partnerships of local/foreign, public/private or profit/non-profit providers of higher education. Examples of recent initiatives undertaken by various countries to monitor and ensure a quality provision of education are examined. These include codes of good practice developed by government bodies and university associations, the UNESCO/OECD Guidelines on Quality Provision in Cross-Border Higher Education, as well as national regulatory frameworks developed by countries such as Malaysia, Hong Kong and Australia for recognizing and approving incoming and outgoing cross-border programmes.
What motivates employees? A comparison of US and Chinese responses

Differences in culture, history, economy, and political and management systems may lead to differences in employee job attribute preferences across countries. To the extent that this is true, managers and designers of motivation systems must understand the preferences of local employees. This study provides information on the job attribute preferences of Chinese employees at a major international hotel in Shanghai. Employee preference data were compared to published results from other nations. The pattern of preferences in China was unique compared to Russia, Taiwan and the United States. Chinese employees felt that good wages were most important, followed by good working conditions and personal loyalty from the boss and organization. Interesting work was relatively unimportant, especially to older employees, and 'being in on things' was not at all important. Supervisors at the hotel also provided information on the preferences which they believed characterized their subordinates. Unlike US managers who o.
The Lessons of Coalition Politics: Sino-American Security Relations

Abstract : This study assesses the efforts of the United States and the People's Republic of China (PRC) between 1978 and 1983 to develop a security coalition opposing the expansion of Soviet power in Asia. The expectations generated by the major breakthroughs in Sino-American relations during the late 1970s vastly outstripped the results. The shifts in Chinese security strategy revealed evidence of exaggerated expectations and mutual misperceptions between the U.S. and China, but no clear links between internal leadership alignments and the PRC's foreign policy orientation. The Soviet military buildup in Asia, although not oriented exclusively against the PRC, directly threatened Chinese security, and along with the Soviet political posture toward China helped limit Beijing's disagreements with the U.S. Because the prospects for highly developed security ties were so limited, the U.s. continued to stress the indirect benefits enjoyed through improved Sino-American relations. Beijing seems likely to collaborate with the U.S. in the future and the U.S. can contribute to the further development of Sino-American security ties. (Author)
Discrepancies between Sexual Desire and Sexual Activity: Gender Differences and Associations with Relationship Satisfaction

The nature of sexual satisfaction and its relationship with relationship satisfaction was examined in a population-based Finnish sample of men and women between 33 and 43 years. Both men and women wished to experience kissing and petting, sexual fantasies, oral sex, and vaginal intercourse more often. Sexual satisfaction, defined as no discrepancy between desired frequency and actual frequency of sexual behaviors, was associated with relationship satisfaction. In both sexes, sexual satisfaction with vaginal intercourse as well as kissing and petting was positively associated with relationship satisfaction, whereas higher desired and actual frequency of masturbation were negatively associated with relationship satisfaction.
Social Identity and Political intolerance: Linkages within the South African Mass Public.

Social Identity Theory offers a useful understanding of the psychodynamics of affiliations with groups, while theories of political tolerance explain why some citizens are unwilling to tolerate their political enemies. Despite the obvious logical connection, little extant research has joined these two theories. We hypothesize that strong ingroup positive identities create strong outgroup negative identities, which are in turn connected to antipathy toward one's political opponents, perceptions that those opponents are threatening, and, ultimately, to political intolerance. We test these hypotheses using survey data from the South African mass public. Generally, nominal group membership is not the most significant variable; instead, attitudes toward group solidarity have a pervasive impact on all aspects of political intolerance. We also identify some significant predictors of threat perceptions among the social identity variables. We conclude by arguing that strong group identities pose a difficult challenge for the consolidation of democracy in South Africa. l outh Africa faces a host of impediments to the successful consolidation of its efforts at democratizing its political system. Grinding poverty, extreme inequality, the "lost generation" of young warriors against apartheid are some of the most pressing difficulties facing the new regime. Optimism about the future of democracy in South Africa is in short supply (e.g., Giliomee 1995). Among the impediments to democratic consolidation is the high degree of subcultural pluralism within South Africa. The country is divided, and deeply so, along a variety of racial, ethnic, and linguistic lines. Race is certainly central to South African politics, but intra-racial (or ethnic) divisions are terribly significant as well. "Subcultural pluralism" has often been found to be a major impediment to successful democratization (e.g., Dahl 1989; Bollen and Jackman 1985), and South Africa has an extreme case of such pluralism (e.g., Smooha and Hanf 1992; Horowitz 1991). One important consequence of subcultural pluralism is political intolerance. In deeply divided polities, people typically develop strong ingroup positive identities, often leading to strong outgroup animosities. This psychological division of the world into friends and foes can undermine tolerance. Thus, Social Identity Theory (SIT, see Tajfel 1978; Tajfel and Turner 1979) is a micro-level complement to macro-level theories about the role of cultural pluralism in the development of democratic institutions and processes. Cultural pluralism contributes to strong group identities, leading to an unwillingness to put up with one's political foes, which impedes the free
Will the Deduction of Daily Price Limit Induce Volatility Decrease? Taiwan Evidence

The main purpose of this paper is to use the data of intraday to analyze asymmetric volatility and long-run and short-run effects. When financial turmoil, political issues, and such accidents occur, in order to maintain financial market stability, governments will carry out measures to establish market stability. The deduction of the price limit for the stock market is a good example. For instance, facing the global financial crisis in 2008, the governments in Taiwan and Pakistan announced deductions of price limits in their stock markets. The Taiwanese government deducted the price limit from 7% to 3.5%; however, is it appropriate for governments to interfere in markets? This paper studies the influence of the volatility asymmetries caused by the Taiwanese government's seven interventions near ten years. We collected intraday data to analyze, and used Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Hetroskedasticity (EGARCH) and Component Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Hetroskedasticity (CGARCH) models to do this research. The empirical results show that the interventions of the government did not decrease the volatility of the share price. Instead, this action caused even more asymmetric volatility, and increased the effect of the long-run and shot-run, reduced efficiency of the stock market.
NOTIONS OF ADDICTION IN THE TIME OF THE FIRST OPIUM WAR*

Abstract This article explores whether the British decision-makers and public were conscious of the habit-forming nature of opium at the time of the Chinese war of 1839–42, the First Opium War. While most political historians have assumed that the British authorities understood the nature of the drug, social historians argue that notions of addiction only arose, in Britain, at the end of the nineteenth century. Examining the abundant press, pamphlet, and parliamentary literature generated by the war debate, this article examines in what terms opium use was characterized. It considers the groups that intervened on both sides of the debate and draws lessons from the arguments they deployed for and against the war. Situating the source literature within the context of early Victorian values and mores, finally, it argues that the British leaders and political nation were aware of the drug's habit-forming properties. Not only was it widely recognized that it was something dangerous that was being introduced, at the point of a gun, into China, but there can be said to have existed, in Britain, a layman's notion of drug addiction.
1 Society in the State : China ’ s Nondemocratic Political Pluralization

In the 1990s, there was an attempt to graft onto China the civil society framework that emerged from the various “soft” revolutions in Eastern Europe that began in 1989. There were a number of good reasons for attempting to do so. First, if enough significant parallels could be identified, we would be able to leverage our understanding of these phenomena and make robust cross-sectional generalizations, even predictions. Second, from a normative standpoint, it certainly seemed that the political outcomes tended to be better for the societies than was life under state socialism. Finally, the 1989 crackdown in Beijing and elsewhere in China caused a number of China watchers to rethink their assessments of the People’s Republic and left them struggling to find an explanation for what had happened. Although some excellent scholarship emerged at that time2, what distinguished it from less successful attempts was the former’s willingness to incur criticism over their “Chinese exceptionalist” approaches because they simply did not see the robust similarities between China and Eastern Europe that so many others had wanted to see. In China during the early half of the 1990s, state and CCP intrusion onto non-state institutions, associations, and practices continued apace and the lines where state left off and where society began (and vice versa) remained impossibly murky. This was not simply a function of China’s coercive infrastructure. It was also because of the basic dynamics of governance in China. Except perhaps between 1973 and 1977, there was never a time in
A cross-cultural study of the effect of a graph-oriented computer-assisted project-based learning environment on middle school students' science knowledge and argumentation skills

The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to explore how seventh graders in a suburban school in the United States and sixth graders in an urban school in Taiwan developed argumentation skills and science knowledge in a project-based learning environment that incorporated a graph-oriented, computer-assisted application GOCAA. A total of 42 students comprised the treatment condition and were engaged in a project-based learning environment that incorporated a GOCAA. Of these 42 students, 21 were located in the United States and 21 were located in Taiwan. A total of 26 students comprised the control condition and were engaged in a project-based learning environment without the GOCAA. Of these 26 students, 15 were in the United States and 11 were in Taiwan. In each country, verbal collaborative argumentation was recorded and the students' post-essays were collected. A one-way analysis of variance ANOVA was conducted for each measure of science knowledge about alternative energies. The results showed a significant treatment effect for the outcome of scientific explanation among U.S. students, while among Taiwanese students, a significant treatment effect on scientific facts was observed. A one-way ANOVA was additionally conducted for each measure of argumentation skills and a significant treatment effect on counterarguments and rebuttals was observed among the U.S. students, while in Taiwan, a significant treatment effect on reasoning and rebuttals was observed. A qualitative analysis was conducted to examine how the GOCAA supported students' development of argumentation skills in different countries. This study found distinct argumentation patterns between the U.S. and Taiwanese intervention teams. Additionally, a distinct gender difference in the use of evidence and division of labour was noted when the Taiwanese teams were compared with the U.S. teams, which may be explained by cultural differences. This study concluded that, in both the United States and Taiwan, a project-based learning environment incorporating a GOCAA was effective in improving students' science knowledge and developing their scientific argumentation skills.
Limitations in the Classification of Childhood-onset Rheumatoid Arthritis

Objective. Rheumatoid factor-positive polyarthritis (RF+ poly) is the juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) category that resembles adult seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We studied children with RF+ and/or anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP)+ JIA to determine what proportion of those children meet International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) criteria for RF+ poly JIA and to assess for significant differences between children who meet RF+ poly criteria and those who are classified in other categories. Methods. Charts of children with JIA who were RF+ and/or anti-CCP+ were reviewed. Children with RF+ poly JIA were compared to children in other categories. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, and the Student’s t-test. Results. Of 56 children with RF+ and/or anti-CCP+ JIA, 34 (61%) met ILAR criteria for RF+ poly JIA. Twelve children had RF–/anti-CCP+ JIA with low anti-CCP titers. When these 12 children were excluded, there were few significant differences between children who met criteria for RF+ poly and those who were classified in other categories. The American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria for RA identified more RF+ children than did the ILAR RF+ poly classification (100% vs 77%). Conclusion. A number of children with RF+ arthritis were excluded from the RF+ poly JIA classification, though many demographic features and disease measures were similar to those of children who met criteria for RF+ poly JIA. We propose prioritization of RF/anti-CCP positivity over specific exclusions, along with inclusion of anti-CCP, in future revisions of the JIA classification criteria, to improve the sensitivity of diagnosing childhood-onset RA.
Asian Mussel Watch Program: contamination status of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorines in coastal waters of Asian countries.

Mussel samples were used in this study to measure the levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorines (OCs) in the coastal waters of Asian countries like Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam. PBDEs were detected in all the samples analyzed, and the concentrations ranged from 0.66 to 440 ng/g lipid wt. Apparently higher concentrations of PBDEs were found in mussels from the coastal waters of Korea, Hong Kong, China, and the Philippines, which suggests that significant sources of these chemicals exist in and around this region. With regard to the composition of PBDE congeners, BDE-47, BDE-99, and BDE-100 were the dominant congeners in most of the samples. Among the OCs analyzed, concentrations of DDTs were the highest followed by PCBs > CHLs > HCHs > HCB. Total concentrations of DDTs, PCBs, CHLs, and HCHs in mussel samples ranged from 21 to 58 000, 3.8 to 2000, 0.93 to 900, and 0.90 to 230 ng/g lipid wt. , respectively. High levels of DDTs were found in mussels from Hong Kong, Vietnam, and China; PCBs were found in Japan, Hong Kong, and industrialized/urbanized locations in Korea, Indonesia, the Philippines, and India; CHLs were found in Japan and Hong Kong; HCHs were found in India and China. These countries seem to play a role as probable emission sources of corresponding contaminants in Asia and, in turn, may influence their global distribution.
Intercourse Orgasm Consistency, Concordance of Women's Genital and Subjective Sexual Arousal, and Erotic Stimulus Presentation Sequence

Many studies report discordance between women's genital (vaginal pulse amplitude) and subjective sexual arousal responses to erotica. Consistent with our previous research, I hypothesized that the association between physiological and subjective domains would be greater for women with greater orgasmic consistency (OC) during penile-vaginal intercourse but not for OC during masturbation or noncoital partnered sexual activities. I confirmed this specific hypothesis in a sample of young Dutch women (N = 27, mean age 20, all with current partners), replicating our earlier psychophysiological findings with postmenopausal women. Also replicated were the findings that intercourse OC (40% of the women had an orgasm from 90–100% of intercourse events, 44% from 9–89% of intercourse events) was not less than for other sexual activity and that OC during intercourse was uncorrelated with OC during masturbation. We observed the association of intercourse consistency with genital-subjective concordance when visual erotica was presented in a sequence of increasing intensity (analogous to typical real sexual encounters) but not when presented in decreasing, random, or fixed-intensity sequence. I discuss the results in terms of the unique nature of penile-vaginal intercourse and the study's implications for sex therapy and sex research.
Using temporal heatmaps to identify worthwhile articles on immune checkpoint blockade for melanoma (ICBM) in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan since 2000: A bibliometric analysis

Background: Melanoma is a life-threatening form of skin cancer. Due to its remarkable effectiveness, the immune checkpoint blockade is widely used to treat melanoma (ICBM). No research has been conducted on ICBM for identifying the most readable articles. A bibliometric analysis of 100 top-cited ICBM (T100ICBM) in recent decades is required to highlight articles worth reading. Methods: Based on the Web of Science Core Collection, we summarized the articles on ICBM published in each year from 2000 to 2022, with first authors from Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan (CHT). Using the CJAL score, data extraction and visualization of the distribution of ICBM publications were conducted on 2718, and 100 top-cited articles, respectively. We used the temporal heatmap to identify the most readable articles. Four descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive analytics (called DDPP model) were applied to describe the features of T100ICBM articles. The absolute advantage coefficient was used to determine the dominance extent of the most influential region, institute, department, and author. Results: A total of 2718 publications was included after removing first or corresponding authors who were not affiliated with CHT. Publications by year showed a sharp increase from 2014 onward and either peaked in 2022 or have not yet peaked. It was evident that there was a large difference between the number of publications in provinces/metropolitan cities/regions on CHT. Beijing, Sichuan University, Oncology, and Guo Jun from Beijing are the most prolific and influential region, institute, department, and author. When comparing research achievements to the next productive authors based on the CJAL score, only Dr Jun has a medium effect of dominance (=0.60). On the basis of their consecutive growth in citations over the past 4 years, 20 T100ICBM articles were recommended for readers. Conclusion: The field of ICBM is growing rapidly, and Beijing and Sichuan University are taking the lead in CHT. Furthermore, the study provides references for worth-reading articles using the temporal heatmap. Future research hot spots may focus on these 4 themes of immunotherapy, melanoma, metastatic melanoma, regulatory T cells, cells, and activation, which may pave the way for additional study.
Synchronization lag in post-stroke : Relation to motor function and 1 structural connectivity

8 Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong 9 Kong, China 10 Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of 11 Melbourne, VIC, Australia 12 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia 13 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong 14 Kong, Hong Kong, China 15 16
English and globalization : perspectives from Hong Kong and Mainland China

This book offers a groundbreaking perspective on the political, cultural and pedagogical issues of English in the age of globalization. Additionaly it addresses theoretical concepts as they relate to language and globalization while simulataneously creating new perspectives on the issues. The fifteen papers that make up this collection present valuable information about the English language in Hong Kong and China. Including pioneering works that examine how language functions as a mediating agent in the global cultural formation, and vice versa.
Japan's Far Right in East Asian Geopolitics : The Anatomy of New Xenophobic Movements

This paper seeks to explain the sudden rise and success of Japan’s xenophobic far right movements in the late 2000s. While older far right groups were royalists and anti-communists indifferent to immigration issues, new right extremists specialize in attacking Korean and Chinese migrants with strong xenophobic sentiments. Although far right movements accuse Koreans and Chinese of enjoying ‘special privileges,’ such accusations are ungrounded in reality. Yet far right movements have succeeded in recruiting many young supporters. Why is this the case? Based on in-depth interviews with new right activists, I aim to clarify what is behind the hate against Koreans and Chinese, focusing on the influence of East Asian geopolitical predicaments. I argue that the new xenophobic right is generated by entrenched cold war sentiments and the lack of reconciliation between Japan and other East Asian countries. The data reveal that new far right activists were first fascinated by historical revisionism that justifies Japan’s imperialism and/or outrages against the abduction of Japanese nationals by North Korea. They believe Japanese sovereignty is threatened by both South Korean and Chinese protests against Japan’s revisionism and the North Korean abductions. Far right activists then began to identify the Korean and Chinese governments with Korean and Chinese migrants, thereby regarding them as ‘enemies within’ who engage in subversive activities.