Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TASEP speed process: an effective medium approach

We discuss the approximate phenomenological description of the motion of a single second-class particle in a two-species totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) on a 1D lattice. Initially, the second class particle is located at the origin and to its left, all sites are occupied with first class particles while to its right, all sites are vacant. Ferrari and Kipnis proved that in any particular realization, the average velocity of the second class particle tends to a constant, but this mean value has a wide variation in different histories. We discuss this phenomena, here called the TASEP speed process, in an approximate effective medium description, in which the second class particle moves in a random background of the space-time dependent average density of the first class particles. We do this in three different approximations of increasing accuracy, treating the motion of the second-class particle, always in continuous time, first as a simple biassed random walk in a continuum Langevin equation description, then as a biassed Markovian random walk on a lattice with space and time dependent jump rates, and finally as a Non-Markovian biassed walk on a lattice, with a non-exponential distribution of waiting times between jumps. We find that, when the displacement at time T is x0, the conditional expectation of displacement, at time zT (z > 1) is zx0, and the variance of the displacement only varies as . We extend this approach to describe the trajectories of a tagged particle in the case of a finite lattice, where there are L classes of particles on an L-site line, initially placed in the order of increasing class number. Lastly, we discuss a variant of the problem in which the exchanges between adjacent particles happened at rates proportional to a power of the difference in their class numbers.
Cross-Event User Reaction Prediction on a Social Network Platform

—Social network surges with multiple tweets with mixture of multiple emotions by many users when events like rape, robbery, war and murder, we use this user data to analyze user emotions between cross-events and try to predict user reactions for the next possible such event. Cross-events are a series of events that belong under the same umbrella of topics and are related to the events occurring prior to it. The proposed system solve this problem using collaborative filtering using Topical and Social context. The Text Rank Algorithm is an unsupervised algorithm used for keyword extraction. Count Vectorizer is used on preprocessed text to get the frequency of words throughout the text which is used as training data to get a probability of emotion using a logistic regression model. We incorporated social context along with topical context to account for homophily and used the Low-rank matrix factorization method for user-topic prediction. The model as an output gives a total of 8 emotions which include Shame, Disgust, Anger, Fear, Sadness, Neutral, Surprise and Joy. Finally, the model is able to predict emotions with an accuracy of 95% considering cross events.
Ultrawideband Shared-Aperture Crossed Tapered Slot Antenna for 5G Applications

A shared aperture scheme based on a tapered slot configuration is proposed in this letter. The main structure of the proposed antenna is an ultrawideband (UWB) crossed tapered slot with ground. In order to improve the practicality, four 1 × 4 dipole arrays containing feeding networks in the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band are embedded in the four arms of the crossed tapered slot antenna. Four metal reflectors (or flares) are introduced to increase the gain of the dipole array. Owing to the ultrawideband characteristics of the tapered slot antenna, the proposed slot antenna can cover most sub-6 GHz communication frequency bands (such as LTE bands, N77–N79 bands, etc.). The proposed antenna has a compact volume of $0.5 \lambda \times 0.5 \lambda \times 0.38 \lambda$, where λ is the free-space wavelength at 1.5 GHz. A prototype is designed, fabricated and tested. The measured results show that a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 107% (1.5–5 GHz) and 15.8% (25–29.3 GHz) is realized in the sub-6 GHz band and mm-wave band, respectively. The isolation between all ports is higher than 30 dB. The gain variation of the antenna in the low-frequency range is 3.8–7.8 dBi. The peak gain of a single dipole array is approximately 14 dBi. The proposed antenna has the characteristics of shared aperture, low cost, and UWB, which is suitable for 5G microbase station applications.
Detecting the polarization induced by scattering of the microwave background quadrupole in galaxy clusters

We analyse the feasibility of detecting the polarization of the CMB caused by scattering of the remote temperature quadrupole by galaxy clusters with forthcoming CMB polarization surveys. For low-redshift clusters, the signal is strongly correlated with the local large-scale temperature and polarization anisotropies, and the best prospect for detecting the cluster signal is via cross-correlation. For high-redshift clusters, the correlation with the local temperature is weaker and the power in the uncorrelated component of the cluster polarization can be used to enhance detection. We derive linear and quadratic maximum-likelihood estimators for these cases, and forecast signal-to-noise values for the SZ surveys of a Planck-like mission and SPTPol. Our estimators represent an optimal `stacking' analysis of the polarization from clusters. We find that the detectability of the effect is sensitive to the cluster gas density distribution, as well as the telescope resolution, cluster redshift distribution, and sky coverage. We find that the effect is too small to be detected in current and near-future SZ surveys without dedicated polarization follow-up, and that an r.m.s. noise on the Stokes parameters of roughly 1 uK-arcmin for each cluster field is required for a 2-sigma detection, assuming roughly 550 clusters are observed. We discuss and quantify potential biases from the kinetic part of the signal caused by the relative motion of the cluster with respect to the CMB, and from the background CMB polarization behind the cluster, discussing ways in which these biases might be mitigated. Our formalism should be important for next-generation CMB polarization missions, which we argue will be able to measure this effect with high signal-to-noise. This will allow for an important consistency test of the LCDM model on scales that are inaccessible to other probes.
COHERENT DISINTEGRATION AND STABILITY OF VORTICES IN TRAPPED BOSE CONDENSATES

We consider the intrinsic stability of the vortex states of a pure Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a harmonic potential under the effects of coherent atom-atom interaction. We find that stable vortices can be supported, and that vortex stability can be controlled by changing the inter-particle interaction strength. At unstable regimes, a vortex will spontaneously disintegrate into states with different angular momenta even without external perturbations, with the lifetime determined by its imaginary excitation frequencies.
Recent Application of Core-Shell Nanostructured Catalysts for CO2 Thermocatalytic Conversion Processes

Carbon-intensive industries must deem carbon capture, utilization, and storage initiatives to mitigate rising CO2 concentration by 2050. A 45% national reduction in CO2 emissions has been projected by government to realize net zero carbon in 2030. CO2 utilization is the prominent solution to curb not only CO2 but other greenhouse gases, such as methane, on a large scale. For decades, thermocatalytic CO2 conversions into clean fuels and specialty chemicals through catalytic CO2 hydrogenation and CO2 reforming using green hydrogen and pure methane sources have been under scrutiny. However, these processes are still immature for industrial applications because of their thermodynamic and kinetic limitations caused by rapid catalyst deactivation due to fouling, sintering, and poisoning under harsh conditions. Therefore, a key research focus on thermocatalytic CO2 conversion is to develop high-performance and selective catalysts even at low temperatures while suppressing side reactions. Conventional catalysts suffer from a lack of precise structural control, which is detrimental toward selectivity, activity, and stability. Core-shell is a recently emerged nanomaterial that offers confinement effect to preserve multiple functionalities from sintering in CO2 conversions. Substantial progress has been achieved to implement core-shell in direct or indirect thermocatalytic CO2 reactions, such as methanation, methanol synthesis, Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, and dry reforming methane. However, cost-effective and simple synthesis methods and feasible mechanisms on core-shell catalysts remain to be developed. This review provides insights into recent works on core-shell catalysts for thermocatalytic CO2 conversion into syngas and fuels
An elementary proof of the triangle inequality for the Wasserstein metric

We give an elementary proof for the triangle inequality of the p-Wasserstein metric for probability measures on separable metric spaces. Unlike known approaches, our proof does not rely on the disintegration theorem in its full generality; therefore the additional assumption that the underlying space is Radon can be omitted. We also supply a proof, not depending on disintegration, that the Wasserstein metric is complete on Polish spaces.
Author response to editorial comments

The thermal state of permafrost affects Earth surface systems and human activity in the Arctic and has implications 10 to global climate. Improved understanding of the local-scale variability in the global ground thermal regime is required to account for its sensitivity to changing climatic and geoecological conditions. Here, we statistically related observations of mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) and active-layer thickness (ALT) to high-resolution (~1 km) geospatial data of climatic and local environmental conditions across the Northern Hemisphere. The aim was to characterize the relative importance of key environmental factors and the magnitude and shape of their effects on MAGT and ALT. The multivariate 15 models fitted well to MAGT and ALT observationsboth response variables with average R values being ~0.94 and 0.78, respectively. Corresponding predictive performances in terms of root mean square error were ~1.31 °C and 87 cm. Freezing (FDD) and thawing (TDD) degree-days were key factors for MAGT inside and outside the permafrost domain with average effect sizes of 6.7 °C and 13.6 °C, respectively. Soil properties had marginal effects on MAGT (effect size = 0.4–0.7 °C). For ALT, rainfall (effect size = 181 cm) and solar radiation (161 cm) were most influential. Analysis of Vvariable importance 20 analysis further underlined the dominance of climate for MAGT and highlighted the role of solar radiation for ALT. Most response shapes for MAGT≤0 °C that were ≤ 0 °C and ALT were non-linear indicating and indicated thresholds for the covariation. Most importantly, permafrost temperatures had a more complex relationship with air temperatures than non-frozen ground. Moreover, the observed warming effect of rainfall on MAGT≤0 °C reverted after reaching an optimum at ~250 mm, and that of snowfall started to level off at ~300–400 mm. It is suggested that the factors with of large global variation (i.e. 25 climate) suppressed the effects of local-scale factors (i.e. soil properties and vegetation) owing to the extensive study area and limited representation of soil organic matter. Our approach facilitates hemispheric-scale cryospheric studies by offering new insights into the factors affecting the ground thermal regime at a 1-km scale should improve future hemispheric-scale studies.
Chandra Observation of the Trifid Nebula: X-Ray Emission from the O Star Complex and Actively Forming Pre-Main-Sequence Stars

The Trifid Nebula, a young star-forming H II region, was observed for 16 hr by the ACIS-I detector on board the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. We detected 304 X-ray sources, 30% of which are hard sources and 70% of which have near-infrared counterparts. Chandra resolved the HD 164492 multiple system into a number of discrete X-ray sources. X-ray emission is detected from components HD 164492A (an O7.5 III star that ionizes the nebula), B and C (a B6 V star), and possibly D (a Be star). Component C is blended with an unidentified source to the northwest. HD 164492A has a soft spectrum (kT ≈ 0.5 keV), while the component C blend shows much harder emission (kT ≈ 6 keV). This blend and other hard sources are responsible for the hard emission and Fe K line seen by ASCA, which was previously attributed entirely to HD 164492A. The soft spectrum of the O star is similar to emission seen from other single O stars and is probably produced by shocks within its massive stellar wind. Lack of hard emission suggests that neither a magnetically confined wind shock nor colliding wind emission is important in HD 164492A. A dozen stars are found to have flares in the field, and most of them are pre-main-sequence stars (PMS). Six sources with flares have both optical and Two Micron All Sky Survey counterparts. These counterparts are not embedded, and thus it is likely that these sources are in a later stage of PMS evolution, possibly Class II or III. Two flare sources did not have any near-IR, optical, or radio counterparts. We suggest that these X-ray flare stars are in an early PMS stage (Class I or earlier). We also detected X-ray sources apparently associated with two massive star-forming cores, TC 1 and TC 4. The spectra of these sources show high extinction and X-ray luminosities of (2-5) × 1031 ergs s-1. If these sources are Class 0 objects, it is unclear whether their X-ray emission is due to solar-type magnetic activities, as in Class I objects, or to some other mechanism.
¿Qué ha supuesto para la psicología la lucha contra la patologización trans?

La despatologización de las identidades trans en la última versión del CIE no concuerda todavía con una visión inclusiva en la práctica clínica. El enfoque trans-afirmativo intenta establecer nuevas prácticas de acompañamiento, alejándose de tradiciones biomédicas paternalistas. Pero en los últimos años, enfoques críticos de los estudios CTS y los estudios de género vienen a contrarrestar la necesidad de catalogación de las experiencias trans corporales y afectivas bajo etiquetas como disforia o incongruencia. Según dichos enfoques, no del todo hegemónicos, la patologización es un síntoma sociocultural, e individualizarla conlleva el peligro de culpabilizar a los sujetos ante problemas de reconocimiento y tolerancia que tienen las sociedades mismas. Partiendo de estas premisas, se analizarán de forma situada e interdisciplinar los procesos por llevar a cabo para que el giro paradigmático hacia la despatologización sea integral y sustancial. La hipótesis por confirmar es que no puede haber cambio estructural en cuanto a la despatologización trans, sin diálogos interculturales, y sin examinar las distintas velocidades con las que avanzan las sociedades occidentales a nivel de inclusión. Ante esta tensión, la psicología tiene mucho que aprender de la participación ciudadana en salud.
Ground states of one and two fractional vortices in long Josephson 0-κ junctions

Half-integer Josephson vortices in $0\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\pi}$ junctions, discussed theoretically and observed experimentally, spontaneously appear at the point where the Josephson phase is $\ensuremath{\pi}$ discontinuous. The creation of arbitrary discontinuities of the Josephson phase has been demonstrated recently. Here we study fractional vortices formed at an arbitrary $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ discontinuity and discuss their stability and possible ground states. The two stable states are not mirror symmetric. Furthermore, the possible ground states formed at two $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ discontinuities separated by a distance $a$ are investigated, and the energy and regions of stability of each ground state are calculated. We also show that the ground states may strongly depend on the distance $a$ between the discontinuities. There is a crossover distance ${a}_{c}$ such that for $al{a}_{c}$ and for $ag{a}_{c}$ the ground states may be qualitatively different.
Life after Cleavage: The Story of a β-Retroviral (MMTV) Signal Peptide—From Murine Lymphoma to Human Breast Cancer

An increasing body of evidence in recent years supports an association of the betaretrovirus mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) with human breast cancer. This is an issue that still raises heated controversy. We have come to address this association using the signal peptide p14 of the MMTV envelope precursor protein as a key element of our strategy. In addition to its signal peptide function, p14 has some significant post endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-targeting characteristics: (1) it localizes to nucleoli where it binds key proteins (RPL5 and B23) involved (among other activities) in the regulation of nucleolar stress response, ribosome biogenesis and p53 stabilization; (2) p14 is a nuclear export factor; (3) it is expressed on the cell surface of infected cells, and as such, is amenable to, and successfully used, in preventive vaccination against experimental tumors that harbor MMTV; (4) the growth of such tumors is impaired in vivo using a combination of monoclonal anti-p14 antibodies or adoptive T-cell transfer treatments; (5) p14 is a phospho-protein endogenously phosphorylated by two different serine kinases. The phosphorylation status of the two sites determines whether p14 will function in an oncogenic or tumor-suppressing capacity; (6) transcriptional activation of genes (RPL5, ErbB4) correlates with the oncogenic potential of MMTV; (7) finally, polyclonal anti-p14 antibodies have been applied in immune histochemistry analyses of breast cancer cases using formalin fixed paraffin-embedded sections, supporting the associations of MMTV with the disease. Taken together, the above findings constitute a road map towards the diagnosis and possible prevention and treatment of MMTV-associated breast cancer.
Generating anisotropic fluids from vacuum Ernst equations

Starting with any stationary axisymmetric vacuum metric, we build anisotropic fluids. With the help of the Ernst method, the basic equations are derived together with the expression for the energy–momentum tensor and with the equation of state compatible with the field equations. The method is presented by using different coordinate systems: the cylindrical coordinates ρ, z and the oblate spheroidal ones. A class of interior solutions matching with stationary axisymmetric asymptotically flat vacuum solutions is found in oblate spheroidal coordinates. The solutions presented satisfy the three energy conditions.
Listening to the Social World of the Child: A Phenomenological Proposal

I denna artikel vill vi bidra till den teoretiska diskussionen om att ”lyssna på barn” i relation till ”barns delaktighet” genom att föreslå en fenomenologisk reflektion kring att lyssna på barnets sociala värld. Genom att använda exempel från forskningsintervjuer med barn och unga som beskriver sin levda erfarenhet av att delta i familjerättsliga processer, är vårt syfte att visa hur en fenomenologisk reflektion kan möjliggöra en förståelse för vad som konstituerar sociala relationer i barnets värld. En fenomenologisk utgångspunkt i lyssnandet kan erbjuda en kontextuell förståelse av komplexa och mångtydiga erfarenheter. I synnerhet kontrasteras den relationella, konkreta aspekten av att bli hörd eller att ha blivit hörd som ett barn-ivärlden mot den föreställning om barns rätt till delaktighet som finns i vuxenvärlden.
A Novel Multiresonant Chipless RFID Tag for Directional Strain Measurement on Metal Surface

In this article, a radio frequency identification (RFID) sensor tag for real-time health monitoring of the magnitude and direction of metal surface strain is presented. The chipless RFID sensor tag is composed of metal foil and F4B substrate, which is low-cost and works stably in harsh environments for a long time. Through highly sensitive strain monitoring, the risk can be predicted in the early stage of defect generation. The proposed tag includes a C-type resonator array, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-type transmission line, and tag antennas. The C-type resonator has different sensitivities in the electrical length direction and width direction. Then, based on this characteristic, the resonator array creates a plurality of characteristic signatures containing strain information by optimizing the geometric parameters of the resonators. The strain information is transmitted to the tag antenna through the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-type transmission line to complete the wireless communication between the tag and the reader. Finally, the performance of the strain monitoring system is verified by an experimental study. The experiment shows that the average sensitivity of the resonators is −4.94 and 1.14 kHz/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula> in the electric length and width directions, respectively. When the strain is more than 150 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, the relative error of magnitude is less than 12.7% and the absolute error of direction is less than 13.3°. Therefore, the proposed chipless RFID tag can monitor the amplitude and direction of strain with higher sensitivity and a simpler structure, for the key structures, such as the high-speed running gear.
Toward a Comprehensive Evaluation on the Online Methods for Monitoring Transformer Turn-to-Turn Faults

Transformer winding turn-to-turn fault is the prominent cause of transformer total failure, so detecting the winding fault in real time to stop the failure development in advance is imperative. However, existing techniques entailing periodic offline inspections fail to continuously monitor transformer winding states while causing extra costs due to the outage during inspections. This has driven researchers to consider effective continuous online monitoring methods from several technical perspectives, including typically port voltage current analysis, online frequency response analysis, and vibration analysis. Since these methods are conventionally evaluated with qualitative comparisons focusing only on feasibility, quantitative assessments indispensable for the targeted improvement of the methods and the most suitable method decision in specific scenarios are still missing. To this end, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation on the three methods by leveraging both experiment and theoretical analysis. Specifically, a customized experiment platform has been designed to support data acquisition under different operating conditions. As conventional feature mining algorithms cannot process the monitoring data produced by different methods in a uniform manner, a feature extraction algorithm leveraging image mining is proposed to extract data features after mapping the test data into a high-dimensional image. This novel algorithm allows us to fully assess several fundamental aspects (i.e., sensitivity, repeatability, and antiinterference capability) of these monitoring methods.
Tunneling effect near a weakly isolated horizon

The tunneling effect near a weakly isolated horizon (WIH) has been studied. By applying the null geodesic method of Parikh and Wilczek and the Hamilton-Jacibi method of Angheben et al. to a WIH, we recover the semiclassical emission rate in the tunneling process. We show that the tunneling effect exists in a wide class of space-times admitting weakly isolated horizons. The general thermodynamic nature of WIH is then confirmed.