Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Image Compression using Fast Fourier Transformation and Discrete Wavelet Transformation on Transfer Learning Wafer Defect Image Classification

Automated inspection machines for wafer defects usually captured thousands of images on a large scale to preserve the detail of defect features. However, most transfer learning architecture requires smaller images as input images. Thus, proper compression is required to preserve the defect features whilst maintaining an acceptable classification accuracy. This paper reports on the effect of image compression using Fast Fourier Transformation and Discrete Wavelet Transformation on transfer learning wafer defect image classification. A total of 500 images with 5 classes with 4 defect classes and 1 non-defect class were split to 60:20:20 ratio for training, validating and testing using InceptionV3 and Logistic Regression classifier. However, the input images were compressed using Fast Fourier Transformation and Discrete Wavelet Transformation using 4 level decomposition and Debauchies 4 wavelet family. The images were compressed by 50%, 75%, 90%, 95%, and 99%. As a result, the Fast Fourier Transformation compression show an increase from 89% to 94% in classification accuracy up to 95% compression, while Discrete Wavelet Transformation shows consistent classification accuracy throughout albeit diminishing image quality. From the experiment, it can be concluded that FFT and DWT image compression can be a reliable method for image compression for grayscale image classification as the image memory space drop 56.1% while classification accuracy increased by 5.6% with 95% FFT compression and memory space drop 55.6% while classification accuracy increased 2.2% with 50% DWT compression.
Taxonomy of benthic macroinvertebrates in Jajrud River for water quality assessment

The invertebrates are one of the most important terrestrial fauna and freshwater taxa.Benthic macroinvertebrates include aquatic insects and spiders, mites, crustaceans, andspecies of mollusks and worms that are aquatic in their immature stages and terrestrial intheir adult stage. Jajrud River originates from the Alborz Mountains and is a source ofdrinking water for people in eastern part of Tehran and the surrounding villages. For thetaxonomic identification of benthic macroinvertebrates, five stations downstream of Jajrudwere used. A Surber sampler device was used for sampling with dimensions 30 × 30 cmand mesh size of 250 microns in all four seasons of the year 2013 with three repetitions ateach station. In total, five orders (Ephemeroptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Trichoptera, andOligochaeta) and 13 families of benthic macroinvertebrates were identified. In all stations,the family Baetidae (Baetis sp .) belonging to the order Ephemeroptera had the highestabundance, and seasonally the highest abundance was detected in autumn, winter, summer,and spring respectively. After the identification of benthic macroinvertebrates, five bioticindices including EPT, HFBI, SIGNAL, NJIS, and MMIF were calculated for water qualityassessment in downstream of the Jajrud River. Regarding the results of the biotic indices, itcan be said that the water quality of downstream of Jajrud River is not favorable. Therefore,appropriate management measures should be taken to improve river water quality.
EXPLORATION OF VARIOUS VISUAL DISPLAY METHODS FOR GEOVISUALIZATION PURPOSES

Visual display is a technique that utilizes tools on the computer to explore and to present information. There are some variation of visual display methods that have been developed and widely used in the needs of geovisualization and cartography such us Parallel Coordinate Plot (PCP), Space Time Cube (STC), Self-Organize Map (SOM) and Cartogram. This research uses these methods includes definitions and functions, recommendations for using an application and their respective advantages and disadvantages. Applying the right visualization is based on the needs or goals of geovisualization because each visual display has unique characteristics.
Trends in Out of Pocket Payments and Catastrophic Health Expenditure in the Kyrgyz Republic Post the “Den Sooluk” Health Reform, 2012 - 2018

Background: To examine the trends in out- of- pocket health payments (OOPPs) and the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure post the “Den Sooluk” health reform, we used data from the Kyrgyzstan Integrated Household Survey (2012 – 2018). Methods: Population-weighted descriptive statistics were used to examine the trends in OOPPs and catastrophic health expenditure at three thresholds; 10 percent of total household consumption expenditure (Cata10), 25 percent of total household consumption expenditure (Cata25) and 40 percent of total household non-food consumption expenditure (Cata40). Panel and cross-sectional logistic regression with marginal effects were used to examine the predictors of Cata10 and Cata40. Findings: Between 2012 and 2018, OOPPs increased by about US $6 and inpatient costs placed the highest cost burden on users (US $13.6), followed by self-treatment (US $10.7), and outpatient costs (US $9). Medication continues to predominantly drive inpatient, outpatient, and self-treatment OOPPs. About 0.378 to 2.084 million people (6 – 33 percent) of the population incurred catastrophic health expenditure at the three thresholds between 2012 and 2018. Residing in households headed by a widowed or single head, or residing in rural regions, increases the likelihood of incurring catastrophic health expenditure.Conclusions: The initial progress in the reduction of OOPPs and catastrophic health expenditure gained appear to gradually erode since costs continue to increase after an initial decline and catastrophic health expenditure continues to rise unabated. Efforts needs to be made to check the rising out-of-pocket costs to enable a reduction in catastrophic health payments.
Experimental Constraints on Solid Nitride Phases in Rocky Mantles of Reduced Planets and Implications for Observable Atmosphere Compositions

Astronomical surveys have discovered thousands of transiting exoplanets, revealing that rocky planets are common in the galaxy. A planet's interior chemistry is frequently inferred by average density, described by mass‐radius (M‐R) relationships. However, M‐R relationships give rise to non‐unique interpretations of a planet's interior composition, an issue that limits our ability to characterize far‐away worlds. We present experimental and density functional theoretical results addressing the influence of an ultra‐reducing (oxygen‐poor) interior chemistry on rocky mantle phases and discuss the possible implications for atmospheric observables. We show that silicon carbide (SiC) and molecular nitrogen (N2) react to form solid silicon nitride (γ‐Si3N4) at high pressures and high temperatures in a laser‐heated diamond‐anvil cell, consistent with ab initio computations. Si3N4 remains stable under extreme conditions and when quenched to ambient conditions. As SiC is a common compound found under very reducing conditions, these results indicate that nitrogen may form solid phases in an oxygen‐poor rocky planet. If, by sequestering nitrogen in a planet's mantle, the distribution of nitrogen between a planet's interior and atmosphere is altered (i.e., a nitrogen‐rich mantle and nitrogen‐poor atmosphere), these results indicate that there may be atmospheric observables connected to the mantle‐redox state of a rocky planet besides the oxygen‐containing phases ubiquitous in exoplanet literature.
Make Healing, not Performance, the Goal for K-12 Schools Amid this Global Pandemic

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has had far reaching implications on every aspect of human life – from where we work, to where we feel safe to grocery shop, to how we greet friends. At the same time, the pandemic has exposed long-standing issues of structural racism, xenophobia, social and economic inequities, precipitating multiple large-scale social justice movements and demonstrations in the United States, culminating in “dual public health emergencies. ” As Kindergarten through Grade 12 (K-12) students slowly return to school, educators are grappling with how to support their students amid these overlapping crises. In this paper, we discuss the relevance of trauma-informed pedagogy, with a specific focus on 3Rs – relational connectedness, restored trust, and contextualized resilience. We urge educators to keep the whole child at the center of their curriculum, and to make healing – not performance – the priority for K-12 schools amid and following the global pandemic.
A method for measuring electroporative uptake and cell growth using gel microdrops and flow cytometry

Author . Signature redacted A uth r . , . , , . %. Department o Electrical Enginering and Computer Science January 15, 1993 Signature redacted Certified by. Dr. James C. Weaver Senior Research Scientist HarvarY-MIT Divisi n of Health ces Technology s Supervisor Accepted bSignature redacted Campbell L. Searle Chair, ep44Ert4 committee on Graduate Students I TUrtTE
Variation in Hemicellulose Structure and Assembly in the Cell Wall Associated with the Transition from Earlywood to Latewood in Cryptomeria japonica

The size of cellulose microfibril (CMF) bundles varies to interact with glucomannan/galactoglucomannan (GM/GGM). Arabino-4-O-methylglucuronoxylan (AGX) bonded CMF bundles coated with GM/GGM also have important roles in elaborating the distance between these components. Since the precise roles of GM/GGM and AGX are not clear, the elution analysis to evaluate the strength of the interaction between the cell wall were tried. Earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) were separated in a Japanese cedar. The chemical components of cellulose, hemicellulose including GM/GGM and AGX, and lignin were almost the same in EW and LW. Slight differences in GM/GGM, the side-chain substitution in AGX and the ionic bond characteristics of glucuronic acid side chains were observed. Based on measurements of GM/GGM and AGX adhering to CMFs, there were more hemicelluloses forming strong hydrogen bonds in LW than in EW. The results showed that the highly assembled hemicellulose in LW produced a strong cell wall framework.
Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Damages: Estrogenic Compounds, Anti-Apoptotic Factors, and Amyloidogenesis

In stroke, increased oxidative stress (OS), mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) including H2O2 release, can induce changes that lead to neural production of amyloid-β (Aβ), a hallmark protein in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Aβ peptide can also induce OS by itself or by activating microglia to release ROS. Estrogenic compounds can protect neurons against Aβ- and OS- induced cell death. Aβ- and OS-induced cell death is another hallmark of AD. We have studied OS-related cell damage by exposing rat primary hippocampal neurons and differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to H2O2 or Aβ1–42 and evaluated the neuroprotective potential of 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), tamoxifen (Tam), 4-OH-tamoxifen (4-OH-Tam), diethylstilbestrol (Des) and genistein (Gen) against OS. These compounds have differences in estrogen receptor (ER) binding affinities and their number of antioxidative –OH groups varies. The cell damage indicator was the lactate dehydrogenase release into culture medium. Treatment with 5 nM E2, Gen, or 4-OH-Tam for 24 h before and after the H2O2 insult was neuroprotective in both hippocampal and SH-SY5Y cultures. E2 and Gen were neuroprotective against Aβ1–42-mediated toxicity. Protection by E2 was partially mediated by Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and BAG-1. Tam also increased Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL but was much less neuroprotective. Gen increased amyloid precursor protein (APP) synthesis, but γ-secretase component PS-1 was reduced, suggesting that Gen can increase the production of neurotrophic soluble APPa. Des increased Aβ production. In conclusion, Gen shows comparable neuroprotective efficacy to E2, and seems also to reduce Aβ production in our study. However, other neuroprotective mechanisms may exist, and further studies on this subject will enhance our understanding in this respect.
Self‐Standing Porous LiCoO2 Nanosheet Arrays as 3D Cathodes for Flexible Li‐Ion Batteries

Self‐standing electrodes are the key to realize flexible Li‐ion batteries. However, fabrication of self‐standing cathodes is still a major challenge. In this work, porous LiCoO2 nanosheet arrays are grown on Au‐coated stainless steel (Au/SS) substrates via a facile “hydrothermal lithiation” method using Co3O4 nanosheet arrays as the template followed by quick annealing in air. The binder‐free and self‐standing LiCoO2 nanosheet arrays represent the 3D cathode and exhibit superior rate capability and cycling stability. In specific, the LiCoO2 nanosheet array electrode can deliver a high reversible capacity of 104.6 mA h g−1 at 10 C rate and achieve a capacity retention of 81.8% at 0.1 C rate after 1000 cycles. By coupling with Li4Ti5O12 nanosheet arrays as anode, an all‐nanosheet array based LiCoO2//Li4Ti5O12 flexible Li‐ion battery is constructed. Benefiting from the 3D nanoarchitectures for both cathode and anode, the flexible LiCoO2//Li4Ti5O12 battery can deliver large specific reversible capacities of 130.7 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C rate and 85.3 mA h g−1 at 10 C rate (based on the weight of cathode material). The full cell device also exhibits good cycling stability with 80.5% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 0.1 C rate, making it promising for the application in flexible Li‐ion batteries.
Priming with L-arginine reduces oxidative damages in Carthamus tinctorius seedlings under the toxic levels of lead

Lead (Pb) stress adversely affects plant nutrient homeostasis and metabolism when present at an elevated concentrations in the surrounding media. In this research, the effects of 1mM Pb(NO3)2 on 14-day-old Carthamus tinctorius seedlings pretreated with arginine (Arg) as nitric oxide (NO) precursor, methylene blue (MB), a nitric oxide scavenger and Nω-nitro-L-Arg-methyl ester (LNAME) and a nitric oxide biosynthetic inhibitor, were investigated in the greenhouse of the Department of Biology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran. Pb exposure caused oxidative stress, reduced root and shoot growth and elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the seedlings. Pb stress also increased the ascorbate peroxidase activity while decreasing the activity of the catalase (CAT) enzyme. Arg pretreatment decreased the harmful effects of Pb stress by increasing the root and shoot length and reducing the MDA content. Additionally, Pb-induced reduction of CAT enzyme activity in roots was reversed by the Arg pretreatment of the plants. In many characteristics which we measured, the effects of Arg pretreatment on alleviation of Pb-induced oxidative stress were reversed by LNAME and methylene blue pretreatments. Therefore, it seems that Arg induces a positive effect through NO production. Data showed that in the presence of Arg, the uptake and translocation of Pb declined and the application of Arg with LNAME or MB reversed these positive effects of Arg. It seems that Arg can alleviate lead toxicity in plants through the prevention of Pb uptake and promoting the direct scavenging of reactive oxygen species or activating antioxidant enzymes. Also, results from the use of LNAME and MB indicated that the positive effect of Arg is probably related to its role in NO production.
PERANCANGAN ANTENA PLANAR FREKUENSI 28 GHZ UNTUK KOMUNIKASI WIRELESS PADA TEKNOLOGI 5G

Pengembangan dan aplikasi teknologi 5G untuk system komunikasi seluler mendorong guna memperoleh layanan kecepatan dan kapasitas data tinggi. Sebuah rancangan antena mikrostrip, dimana patch persegi panjang menggunakan teknik inset feed beroperasi di frekuensi 28 GHz. Antena dirancang melalui metode simulasi dengan bantuan piranti lunak CST. Material substrat antena menggunakan jenis Taconic TLY-5. Hasil simulasi diperoleh parameter, seperti: Bandwidth ? 10 dB adalah 454 MHz, VSWR (1:2) adalah 1.03, beam width adalah 74.4 derajat dan Gain adalah 6.72 dBi. Bentuk konfigurasi rancangan antena mikrostrip dengan dimensi patch adalah 3,57 mm × 4,26 mm. Sebuah rancangan antena dengan ukuran minimalis dan kompak. Kata Kunci: Antena planar, Mikrostrip, Patch persegi panjang, Inset Feed, Teknologi 5G
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF FOOD SECURITY IN INDIA: EVOLUTION AND PERFORMANCE

After independence, India has mostly overcome the issues of scarcity of foods and mass deaths because of starvation. Government of India established the Indian food security system under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution to allocate food and non-food things to India's poor at subsidized rates. The main objectives of food management system are: the distribution of foodgrains to the consumers, in particular among the vulnerable groups of the society, at affordable prices. The Government of India has enacted the National Food Security Act (NFSA) on September 12, 2013 with an aim to provide subsidized food grains to approximately two thirds of India’s population
Effect of 1,5-anhydroglucitol levels on culprit plaque rupture in diabetic patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome

Background Postprandial hyperglycemia was reported to play a key role in established risk factors of coronary artery diseases (CAD) and cardiovascular events. Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) levels are known to be a clinical marker of short-term postprandial glucose (PPG) excursions. Low serum 1,5-AG levels have been associated with occurrence of CAD; however, the relationship between 1,5-AG levels and coronary plaque rupture has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate 1,5-AG as a predictor of coronary plaque rupture in diabetic patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Methods A total of 132 diabetic patients with NSTE-ACS were included in this study. All patients underwent intravascular ultrasound examination, which revealed 38 patients with plaque rupture and 94 patients without plaque rupture in the culprit lesion. Fasting blood glucose (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and 1,5-AG levels were measured before coronary angiography. Fasting urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) level was measured and corrected by creatinine clearance. Results Patients with ruptured plaque had significantly lower serum 1,5-AG levels and a tendency of higher HbA1c levels than patients without ruptured plaque in our study population. In multivariate analysis, low 1,5-AG levels were an independent predictor of plaque rupture (odds ratio 3.3; p = 0.006) in diabetic patients with NSTE-ACS, but HbA1c was not. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for 1,5-AG (0.678, p = 0.001) to predict plaque rupture was superior to that for HbA1c (0.618, p = 0.034). Levels of 1,5-AG were significantly correlated with urinary 8-iso-PGF2α levels (r=-0.224, p = 0.010). Conclusions Serum 1,5-AG may identify high risk for coronary plaque rupture in diabetic patients with NSTE-ACS, which suggests PPG excursions are related to the pathogenesis of plaque rupture in diabetes.
Analisis Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan dan Makro Ekonomi terhadap Pembiayaan Perbankan Syariah

Penetian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yangmempengaruhi kinerja keuangan (pembiayaan) perbankan syariah di Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data deret waktu. Data yang digunakan adalah data bulanan dari laporan keuangan bank syariah untuk periode 2015-2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan model Error Correction Model (ECM). Dari hasil uji ECT, dapat disimpulkan bahwa model yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sesuai, semua variabel independen dalam tes ini mempengaruhi variabel dependen. Efek jangka panjang dan jangka pendek dirasakan sebagai variabel dependen, hasil pengolahan data dalam penelitian jangka pendek menunjukkan bahwa DPK dan NPF berhubungan positif dengan variabel pembiayaan sedangkan CAR, ROA, INF, dan BI Rate tidak terkait dengan pembiayaan. Dalam jangka panjang, semua variabel terkait dengan variabel pembiayaan.
Wie dysfunktional sind Dysfunktionale Einstellungen? : dysfunktionale Kognitionen und Depression im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Im kognitiven Vulnerabilitats-Stress-Modell der Depression von A.T. Beck (1967, 1976) spielen dysfunktionale Einstellungen bei der Entstehung von Depression in Folge von erlebtem Stress eine zentrale Rolle. Diese Theorie pragt seit Jahrzehnten die atiologische Erforschung der Depression, jedoch ist die Bedeutung dysfunktionaler Einstellungen im Prozess der Entstehung einer Depression insbesondere im Kindes- und Jugendalter nach wie vor unklar. Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich einigen in der bisherigen Forschung wenig behandelten Fragen. Diese betreffen u. a. die Moglichkeit nichtlinearer Effekte dysfunktionaler Einstellungen, Auswirkungen einer Stichprobenselektion, Entwicklungseffekte sowie die Spezifitat etwaiger Zusammenhange fur eine depressive Symptomatik. Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen wurden Daten von zwei Messzeitpunkten der PIER-Studie, eines grosangelegten Langsschnittprojekts uber Entwicklungsrisiken im Kindes- und Jugendalter, genutzt. Kinder und Jugendliche im Alter von 9 bis 18 Jahren berichteten zweimal im Abstand von ca. 20 Monaten im Selbstberichtsverfahren uber ihre dysfunktionalen Einstellungen, Symptome aus verschiedenen Storungsbereichen sowie uber eingetretene Lebensereignisse. Die Ergebnisse liefern Evidenz fur ein Schwellenmodell, in dem dysfunktionale Einstellungen unabhangig von Alter und Geschlecht nur im hoheren Auspragungsbereich eine Wirkung als Vulnerabilitatsfaktor zeigen, wahrend im niedrigen Auspragungsbereich keine Zusammenhange zur spateren Depressivitat bestehen. Eine Wirkung als Vulnerabilitatsfaktor war zudem nur in der Subgruppe der anfanglich weitgehend symptomfreien Kinder und Jugendlichen zu beobachten. Das Schwellenmodell erwies sich als spezifisch fur eine depressive Symptomatik, es zeigten sich jedoch auch (teilweise ebenfalls nichtlineare) Effekte dysfunktionaler Einstellungen auf die Entwicklung von Essstorungssymptomen und aggressivem Verhalten. Bei 9- bis 13-jahrigen Jungen standen dysfunktionale Einstellungen zudem in Zusammenhang mit einer Tendenz, Stress in Leistungskontexten herbeizufuhren. Zusammen mit den von Sahyazici-Knaak (2015) berichteten Ergebnissen aus der PIER-Studie weisen die Befunde darauf hin, dass dysfunktionale Einstellungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter – je nach betrachteter Subgruppe – Ursache, Symptom und Konsequenz der Depression darstellen konnen. Die in der vorliegenden Arbeit gezeigten nichtlinearen Effekte dysfunktionaler Einstellungen und die Effekte der Stichprobenselektion bieten eine zumindest teilweise Erklarung fur die Heterogenitat fruherer Forschungsergebnisse. Insgesamt lassen sie auf komplexe – und nicht ausschlieslich negative – Auswirkungen dysfunktionaler Einstellungen schliesen. Fur eine adaquate Beurteilung der „Dysfunktionalitat“ der von A.T. Beck so betitelten Einstellungen erscheint daher eine Berucksichtigung der betrachteten Personengruppe, der absoluten Auspragungen und der fraglichen Symptomgruppen geboten.
FDPP–HA as a theranostic agent for cancer-targeted fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy

In clinics, for photodynamic therapy (PDT) it is challenging to achieve photosensitizers with properties of high singlet oxygen quantum yield, tumor targeting and fluorescence imaging simultaneously. Herein, a furan flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole (FDPP) molecule, with good singlet oxygen quantum yield (∼26%), is covalently connected to hyaluronic acid (HA) to obtain a water-soluble photosensitizer (FDPP–HA), which presents good specific targeting to HCT-116 tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. FDPP–HA also exhibits excellent biocompatibility, low dark toxicity and high phototoxicity, which can effectively inhibit the tumor growth in vivo by PDT. The design of FDPP–HA in this work provides a general strategy for cancer target-specific fluorescence imaging and PDT.