Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In vitro antioxidant activity of meniran (Phyllantus urinaria) functional drink in human low density lipoprotein (LDL)

Preparation process for meniran (Phillantus urinaria) functional drink (MFD) influences its antioxidant activity. This research aims to understand the phenolic content, DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity (RSA), and LDL oxidation of MFD through various preparation processes. Those preparation processes included soaking fresh meniran (SFM), boiling fresh meniran for 5 minutes (BFM5’), boiling fresh meniran for 10 minutes (BFM10’), and soaking dried meniran (DM). The phenolic content was determined with Folin–Ciocalteu, antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and TBARS assay with LDL as the oxidation substrate. An antioxidant references in this research used ascorbic acid. The phenolic content in methods of SFM, BFM5’, BFM10’ and DM were 122±0.022, 182±0.043, 192 ±0.03, and 117 ±0.019 mg GAE/g of meniran respectively. Meanwhile, the DPPH RSA of SFM, BFM5’, BFM10’ and DM accounted for 82.18±0.35, 86.19±0.53, 86.75±0.64 and 69.96% respectively. As comparison, the DPPH RSA of ascorbic acid 50 ppm is 75.65±0.82%. At the same time the optimum inhibition of TBARS formation from BFM5’ and BFM10’ methods were 45.83 % and 48.66%, with MDA concentration in human LDL accounted for 38.30±2.39 and 36.30±1.82 nmol MDA/mg protein, respectively. As comparison, MDA concentration in human LDL added with ascorbic acid 25 ppm accounted for 41.35±2.41 nmol MDA/mg protein. In contrast, the control human LDL was 70.70±2.35 nmol MDA/mg protein. This study concludes that the BFM5’ and BFM10’ methods showed the highest antioxidant properties compared to other methods. All methods showed that MFD extract in concentration more than 25 ppm increased the concentration of MDA in human LDL. Therefore, to produce meniran functional drink in optimum antioxidant properties is best by using BFM5’ and BFM10’ preparation methods in meniran concentration of not more than 25 ppm.
On Multiquadric Shape Determining Strategies in Image Reconstruction Applications: A Comparative Study

After being introduced to approximate two-dimensional geographical surfaces in 1971, the multivariate radial basis functions (RBFs) have been receiving a great amount of attention from scientists and engineers. Over decades, RBFs have been applied to a wide variety of problems. Approximation, interpolation, classification, prediction, and neural networks are inevitable in nowadays science, engineering, and medicine. Moreover, numerically solving partial differential equations (PDEs) is also a powerful branch of RBFs under the name of the ‘Meshfree/Meshless’ method. Amongst many, the so-called ‘Generalized Multiquadric (GMQ)’ is known as one of the most used forms of RBFs. It is of (ɛ 2 + r 2) β form, where r = ║x-x Θ║2 for x, x Θ ∈ ℝ n represents the distance function. The key factor playing a very crucial role for MQ, or other forms of RBFs, is the so-called ‘shape parameter ɛ’ where selecting a good one remains an open problem until now. This paper focuses on measuring the numerical effectiveness of various choices of ɛ proposed in literature when used in image reconstruction problems. Condition number of the interpolation matrix, CPU-time and storage, and accuracy are common criteria being utilized. The results of the work shall provide useful information on selecting a ‘suitable and reliable choice of MQ-shape’ for further applications in general.
Application of LQR Full-State Feedback Controller for Rotational Inverted Pendulum

The rotational inverted pendulum is an interesting subject for some researchers, especially control engineers. Its nonlinear and underactuated characteristic make it quite challenging to stabilize it. Hence, a proper control law is a must to make it stable. Here, in this paper, we present a control law using LQR (Linear-Quadratic Regulator) to stabilize the rotational inverted pendulum. The experiments are carried out by linearizing the model and simulate the response in MATLAB. The results show that the controller succeeds to stabilize the states of rotational inverted pendulum to their respective equilibrium points. Even more, it provides zero settling errors.
A switched inertance device for efficient control of pressure and flow

This paper reports on an initial investigation of a switched inertance device (‘SID’). Using this device, flow and pressure can be varied by a means that does not rely on dissipation of power. The device can provide a step-up or step-down of pressure or flowrate, analogous to a hydraulic transformer. Simulated and experimental results on a prototype device show a promising performance. The device could potentially provide very significant reduction in power consumption over conventional valve-controlled systems, provided that noise issues and some other practical problems can be overcome.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Threshold concepts in undergraduate engineering: Exploring engineering roles and value of learning

ABSTRACT Threshold concepts are transformative disciplinary concepts. They are critical to students' progress and often troublesome for students. In this study we explored two potential threshold concepts: namely “roles of engineers” and “value of learning”. Adopting a workshop format, the study trialled strategies that might help students overcome these threshold concepts. During the workshops, second-year students at an Australian university considered their motivations for studying engineering, their perceptions of engineering work, and their life and career identities at that point and into the future. Questions aligned with each activity were designed to determine whether students found these considerations transformative or troublesome. Analysis of students' responses using a threshold concept framework revealed the students to be troubled by their lack of insight about the characteristics of engineering work. Students were also troubled by perceived gaps between the attributes of engineers and their own personal attributes. Further, students sensed a lack of alignment between engineering work, their career goals, and components of their engineering studies. The study draws attention to the need and opportunities for engineering educators to facilitate the development of students' career preview, and to enhance their motivation to learn by linking career relevance to each unit of study.
Quantifying the effectiveness of VMI and integrated inventory management in a supply chain with uncertain lead-times and uncertain demands

This article considers the inventory management problem in a supply chain with uncertain replenishment lead-times and uncertain demands. The optimal integrated inventory management (IIM) policy is developed using stochastic dynamic programming theory. The IIM policy is contrasted with two pull-type vendor-managed inventory policies (VMI-1 and VMI-2) and a traditional retailer-managed inventory policy (RMI). Computational results show that in such stochastic supply chains, IIM performs about 23, 15, and 3% better than the optimised RMI, VMI-1 and VMI-2 policies, respectively, while two VMI policies are about 8 and 20% better than the best RMI. The basestock-based VMI-2 is a very good form of VMI. The ANOVA analysis reveals that the replenishment lead-times have the largest effect on the relative performance between IIM and other policies. Numerical examples demonstrated that the IIM policy has good structural properties and can be characterised by a set of switching curves.
Antioxidative Activity of Tithonia Diversifolia Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose. Tithonia diversifolia (TD) is a traditional herbal plant that contains anti-oxidative substances to reduce toxicity by free radical molecules. This study is aimed to analyzed effect of Tithonia diversifolia extract on diabetic rats. Dried leaves of Tithonia diversifolia plant (Balittro,Bogor) were sieved and macerated using 96% ethanol. TD leaves extract was dissolved in 0.1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na). Twenty-four male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were allocated into four groups; The control received normal saline (P0). The positive control received 0.1% CMC-Na (P1), the treatment received 100 mg/kg bw of TD extracts (P2) and cathecin 10 mg/kg bw (P3) respectively for 7 days. Bloods were collected for analysis of blood glucose (BG) and alkaline phospathase (ALP). The levels of MDA and SOD concentrations were conducted by Sandwich-ELISA. Based on result showed that feeding TD extract significantly could decrease the level of BG and ALP concentration compared to the positive control group (p<0.05). Level of MDA was decreased meanwhile level of SOD concentration significantly (p<0.05) on treatment group. It was concluded that administration of TD extract could restore normal blood glucose by antioxidant effect on diabetic rats.
Utilization of Used Electric Vehicle Batteries for The Design of Mini-Generating Systems

One of the main objectives of this research is to reduce battery waste from electric vehicles, namely by processing the battery waste to be used as electrical energy storage which is then used in mini generators. Therefore, it is necessary to have methods and stages to do it all. The method used with BMS (Battery Management System) with the Battery Cell Balancing model. It aims to determine the classification of the total battery capacity and battery life time, and determine which batteries can still be reused. The results of the balancing of the battery cells will be used as recommendations and are more economical in power generation storage systems and also provide practical solutions in the management of used electric vehicle battery waste to prevent pollution of active ingredients in battery cells, and also become an alternative for energy storage choices. for reuse. This research can be considered in the future for the electric vehicle industry to be able to reuse used batteries from electric vehicles, as well as the design design of the use of used batteries for mini generation systems.
Screening of plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes and rhizobacteria isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Bacterial endophyte and rhizobacteria were reported to associate with medicinal plants including Zingiberaceae plants and involved in growth promotion. These beneficial bacteria are promising candidates as biostimulants because of their ability in promoting plant growth. This study aims to evaluate the activity of endophytic and rhizosphere bacteria isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza (Javanese turmeric) in promoting rice seedling and Javanese turmeric growth. Fifty-seven of 150 total bacterial isolates with negative hemolysis and hypersensitivity reactions were characterized to investigate their plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits. Ten selected bacteria (two bacterial endophytes and eight rhizobacteria) with multiple PGP traits were inoculated to rice seed with seed treatment and inoculated to Javanese turmeric rhizome with seed treatment and seed treatment+soil soil drenching. Our results showed that bacterial isolates tested on rice seed promoted rice seedling growth significantly. A total of five, three, six, and three bacterial isolates could increase leaf number, root length, fresh shoot weight, and fresh root weight of rice seedling (p<0.05), respectively. In contrast, all of the bacterial isolates tested on Javanese turmeric rhizomes showed a non-significant effect on the plant growth. Further studies should be considered to investigate the effect of formulated potential bacterial isolates with different application frequencies and environmental conditions on the harvest yield of rice and Javanese turmeric as well as active compounds of Javanese turmeric.
Physical and Chemical Properties of Biomass Fuels

ABSTRACT HEATING value and fuel proximate analyses were determined for 62 kinds of biomass. Ultimate analyses were determined for 51 kinds of biomass. Biomass samples were selected from six categories: (1) field crop residues, (2) orchard prunings, (3) vineyard prunings, (4) food and fiber processing wastes, (5) forest residues, and (6) energy crops. Higher heating values ranged from 14.56 to 23.28 MJ/kg dry basis and were lowest for the field crop residues. Ash contents ranged from 0.17% to 24.36% dry weight basis. Nitrogen concentrations were found to be high in field crop residues, vineyard prunings, and in several types of food and fiber processing wastes. Correlation models were developed relating higher heating value to ash, volatiles, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Automated, Data-Driven Performance Regime for Operations Management, Planning, and Control

As public transit agencies install new technology systems, these agencies are gaining increasing amounts of data. These data have the potential to change how transit agencies operate by generating better information for decision making. Deriving value from these data and applying it to improve service requires changing the institutional processes that developed when agencies had little reliable information about their systems and customers. This research used the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority as a case study. The research assessed how the agency measured performance and then redesigned and advanced the agency's daily performance reports for rapid transit through a collaborative and iterative process with the operations control center staff. These reports were used to identify poor performance, to implement pilot projects to address the causes of poor performance, and to evaluate the effects of these pilots. Through the case study, this research found that service controllers’ trust and interpretation of performance information determined the impact the information had on operations. The results showed that new data would be most effective in producing service improvements if measurements accurately reflected human experience and were developed in conjunction with their intended users. Developing small pilot projects during this collaborative process would also enable new performance information and results in sustainable service improvements.
A 3-D SAR Imaging Method Based on Back Projection Algorithm

3D back projection (BP) algorithm is an imaging algorithm based on time domain echo data, which effectively solves the overlapping mask problem existing in 2D SAR. It can complete the imaging processing of echo signal under any geometry configuration, and has the advantages of high target focusing accuracy and high phase preservation. However, the high complexity and low efficiency of 3D BP imaging algorithm limit its application and development. In this paper, a 3d imaging method based on improved back projection algorithm is proposed. Aiming at the problem that existing imaging algorithms need 2D imaging first and then 3D imaging, an improved 3D BP algorithm is proposed to directly 3D imaging, which avoids 2d imaging processing. The proposed method simplifies the steps of the traditional 3D BP algorithm and improves the efficiency of the algorithm. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by the 3d imaging results of simulated lattice targets.
A Study on the detection and formation mechanisms of ultra-massive black holes

With the discovery of Ultra-massive black holes and Super-massive black holes, humans have yet to find out the cause of their formation with modern technology. Based on the analysis, we will look at the detection methods and calculation methods for black holes and their mass. Besides, we will also dive deeper into the actual formation of these Ultra-massive black holes. Taking a closer look at black holes’ sizes, there are many black holes between 0.1Ms and up to its maximum 150Ms, but something interesting is that after 150 Ms, we can barely find any black holes bigger than that until we reach black holes with millions of times the mass of our sun. This is quite fascinating, as if the knowledge we have now suggests that bigger black holes are formed through devouring and merging of other black holes. It is simply impossible for some of these black holes to even exist, as looking at the amount of time the universe existed, that is impossible for black holes of this mass to even form. In this paper, the detection method for black holes and black holes’ mass and the formation model of ultra-massive black holes will be discussed, which involves concepts like Quasi Stars and Quasi Black holes. These results shed light for us to discover the formation of ultra-massive black holes.
Realization of GPS Dynamic Hijacking Based on Software Radio

GPS positioning technology has a wide range of use scenarios, but due to the known characteristics of GPS signal open reception and modulation methods, many solutions can easily deceive GPS signals. Once this technology is abused in violation of regulations, it may cause major safety and property losses. In order to better study the anti-hijacking technology of PGS signals, this article starts with the generative dynamic hijacking of PGS, gives the implementation method based on software radio, and further learns the code phase and dopper between asynchronous hijacking and synchronous hijacking through software radio. The compensation calculation method of Leer frequency shift parameters, and verified the effect of the software radio’s GPS dynamic hijacking implementation method through examples, and provide theoretical support for the design and improvement of future anti-hijacking systems.
3D Point Cloud of Single Tree Branches and Leaves Semantic Segmentation Based on Modified PointNet Network

Semantic segmentation of single tree 3D point cloud is one of the key technologies in building tree model. It plays an important role in tree skeleton extraction, tree pruning, tree model reconstruction and other fields. Because the area of a single leaf is smaller than that of the whole tree, the segmentation of branches and leaves is a challenging problem. In view of the above problems, this paper first migrates PointNet to the tree branch and leaf point cloud segmentation, and proposes an automatic segmentation method based on improved PointNet. According to the difference of normal direction between leaves and branches, the point cloud information of three dimensions coordinates, color and normal vector is input into the point feature space. In data processing, increase the number of each block data, so that the network can better learn features. MLP is added to the original PointNet network to improve the ability of extracting and learning local features. In addition, in the process of feature extraction, jump connection is added to realize feature reuse and make full use of different levels of features. The original 1×1 filter of PointNet is replaced by 3×1 filter to improve the segmentation accuracy of tree point cloud. The focus loss function focal loss is introduced into the field of 3D point cloud to reduce the impact of the imbalance of point cloud samples on the results. The results show that the improved method improves the accuracy of tree branch point cloud segmentation compared with the original PointNet for branch and leaf segmentation. The segmentation accuracy of structural elements of branches and leaves is more than 88%, and MIoU is 48%.
LQR state feedback controller with precompensator for magnetic levitation system

Magnetic levitation system (MLS) is a nonlinear system that attracts the attention of many researchers, especially control engineers. It has wide range of application such as robotics, high-speed transportation, and many more. Unfortunately, it is not a simple task to control it. Here, we utilize state feedback controller with Linear-Quadratic Regulator (LQR) to regulate the position of a steel-ball in MLS. In addition, we also introduce the precompensator to nullify the steady-state errors. The linearized model, controller, and precompensator are simulated using Matlab. The results and simulation verify that the state feedback controller and precompensator succeed to stabilize the position of steel-ball at the equilibrium for 0.1766 seconds and no steady-state errors.
High performance reflector hat antenna with very low sidelobes for radio-link applications

Reflector antennas with self supported waveguide feeds of swan-neck type are often used in radio link systems. If there are requirements for very low sidelobes, it is common to attach an absorbing cylinder to the rim of the reflector. Both the cylinder and the feed are expensive to manufacture. The paper describes a so called hat antenna which is cheap to manufacture, compact, light-weight and in addition has very low sidelobe performance. An experimental model with 43 cm reflector diameter has been built and measured at 15 and 30 GHz.
Generalized IBL models for gravity-driven flow over inclined surfaces

In this investigation we propose several generalized first-order integral-boundary-layer (IBL) models to simulate the two-dimensional gravity-driven flow of a thin fluid layer down an incline. Various cases are considered and include: isothermal and non-isothermal flows, flat and wavy bottoms, porous and non-porous surfaces, constant and variable fluid properties, and Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. A numerical solution procedure is also proposed to solve the various model equations. Presented here are some results from our numerical experiments. To validate the generalized IBL models comparisons were made with existing results and the agreement was found to be reasonable.
An analysis of perceived faculty and staff computing behaviors that protect or expose them or others to information security attacks

A mixed-methods study, conducted in 2007-2008, designed to quantify and assess behaviors that either protect or expose data at academic institutions to information security attacks. This study focused on computing practices at two academic institutions: East Tennessee State University and Milligan College. Interviews with six information technology professionals and online surveys were used to assess faculty and staff members’ awareness and practice of safe computing behaviors. The constant comparison method was used to analyze qualitative data. Descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate analysis of variance techniques were used to analyze the quantitative data. Overall, the analyses indicated that the faculty and staff members at these institutions were equally aware of information security issues and practices and tended to practice safe computing behaviors—though apparently at a level that was less than commensurate with their awareness of these behaviors. Raised awareness correlated with safe computing behaviors, as did computer usage: those who had used computers for more than 20 years appeared to be more aware of safe practice than those who had used computers for 20 years or less. Password management emerged as a major challenge for the participants. They were also concerned with phishing emails and they tended not to be aware of FERPA regulations.
Computer Assisted Chord Detection Using Deep Learning and YOLOV4 Neural Network Model

Music symbol recognition is an important part of Optical Music Recognition (OMR), Chord recognition is one of the most important research contents in the field of music information retrieval. It plays an important role in information processing, music structure analysis, and recommendation systems. Aiming at the problem of low chord recognition accuracy in the OMR recognition model, the article proposes a chord recognition method based on the YOLOV4 neural network model. First, the YOLOV4 network model is used to train single-voice scores to obtain the best training model. Then, the scores containing chords are trained through neural network fine-tuning technology. The experimental results show that the method recognizes the chords with great results, the model was tested on the test set generated by MuseScore. The experimental results show that the accuracy of note recognition is high, which can reach the accuracy of duration value of 0.96 which is higher than the accuracy of note recognition of other score recognition models.