Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic sleep staging by a hybrid model based on deep 1D-ResNet-SE and LSTM with single-channel raw EEG signals

Sleep staging is crucial in assessing sleep quality and diagnosing sleep disorders. Recent advances in deep learning methods with electroencephalogram (EEG) signals have shown remarkable success in automatic sleep staging. However, the use of deeper neural networks may lead to the issues of gradient disappearance and explosion, while the non-stationary nature and low signal-to-noise ratio of EEG signals can negatively impact feature representation. To overcome these challenges, we proposed a novel lightweight sequence-to-sequence deep learning model, 1D-ResNet-SE-LSTM, to classify sleep stages into five classes using single-channel raw EEG signals. Our proposed model consists of two main components: a one-dimensional residual convolutional neural network with a squeeze-and-excitation module to extract and reweight features from EEG signals, and a long short-term memory network to capture the transition rules among sleep stages. In addition, we applied the weighted cross-entropy loss function to alleviate the class imbalance problem. We evaluated the performance of our model on two publicly available datasets, Sleep-EDF Expanded and ISRUC-Sleep, and obtained an overall accuracy rate of 86.39% and 81.97%, respectively, along with corresponding macro average F1-scores of 81.95% and 79.94%. Our model outperforms existing sleep staging models, particularly for the N1 stage, where it achieves F1-scores of 59.00% and 55.53%. The kappa coefficient is 0.812 and 0.766 for the Sleep-EDF Expanded and ISRUC-Sleep datasets, respectively, indicating strong agreement with certified sleep experts. We also investigated the effect of different weight coefficient combinations and sequence lengths of EEG epochs used as input to the model on its performance. Furthermore, the ablation study was conducted to evaluate the contribution of each component to the model’s performance.
Multiclass classifier based on deep learning for detection of citrus disease using fluorescence imaging spectroscopy

In this work, we have combined fluorescence imaging spectroscopy (FIS) and supervised learning methods to identify and discriminate between citrus canker, Huanglongbing, and other leaf symptoms. Our goal is to differentiate these diseases and nutrient conditions without prior eye assessment of symptoms. Five supervised learning methods were evaluated. Our results show that by combining FIS with a convolutional neural network (AlexNet), it is possible to identify the disease of a sample with up to 95% accuracy. An enormous gain of time and a substantial cost reduction were achieved by this approach compared to polymerase chain reaction-based methods.
EDDNet: An Efficient and Accurate Defect Detection Network for the Industrial Edge Environment

Defect detection aims to locate the accurate position of defects in images, which is of great significance to quality inspection in the industrial product manufacturing. Currently, many defect detection methods rely on deep neural networks to extract features. Although the accuracy of these methods is relatively high, it is computationally intensive, making the methods difficult to deploy in resource-limited edge devices. In order to solve these problems, a lightweight defect detection model for the industrial edge environment is proposed, termed the efficient defect detection network (EDDNet). EfficientNet-B0 is used as the feature extraction backbone, extracting feature maps from feature layers of different depths of the network and fusing multilevel features by multilevel feature fusion (MFF). To obtain more information, we redesign the attention mechanism in MBConv blocks, taking the encoding space (ES) attention mechanism as a new module, which solves the problem that the defective image spatial information is ignored. The experimental results on the NEU-DET and DAGM2007 datasets and PCB defect datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed EDDNet and its possibility for application in industrial edge device.
Critical velocity and nucleation of dark solitons In non-local nonlinear media

OF THE THESIS Critical Velocity And Nucleation Of Dark Solitons In Non-Local Nonlinear Media by Carlos Alberto Prieto Gómez Master of Science with a Concentration in Dynamical Systems San Diego State University, 2013 A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is the state of matter of bosonic particles at ultra-cold temperatures. The Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation, a variant of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) that includes an external trapping, is effectively described by the mean-field dynamical properties of BECs. Experimental progress has been possible to create BECs with particles with a strong dipolar moment, as in chromium, 52Cr. The dipole-dipole interaction adds a nonlocal term to the GP equation in the form of a convolution. Previous work has focused on vortex nucleation in non-dipolar condensates by dragging impurities through the condensate at supercritical speeds. For a one-dimensional GP equation with no external potential nor dipolar effects, a critical velocity can be found analytically above which dark (grey) solitons are emitted from the moving impurity. However, the case pertaining to the supercritical velocity for nucleation in dipolar condensates has yet to be considered. In this thesis, we present analytical approximations and numerical results for the critical velocity at which nucleation of dark solitons occurs in the one-dimensional dipolar GP equation.
Investigating cross-wind stability of high-speed trains with large-scale parallel CFD

ABSTRACT The side-wind loading on a simplified train model at scale 1:25 is investigated by parallel large eddy simulation (LES) with incompressible solvers from the OpenFOAM package and a novel dynamically adaptive, parallel LES-type lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) implemented in our own AMROC framework. It is found that the new LBM code provides more accurate time-averaged force predictions, while compute times are reduced.
The American College Personnel Association (ACPA)

In this study we compared perceptions of the campus climate for GLBT students from surveys returned by 80 GLBT students, 253 general students, 126 faculty members, 41 student affairs staff members, and 105 residence hall assistants. A snowball sampling strategy was used to collect GLBT student responses, all residence hall assistants were surveyed, and a stratified random sampling process was used for faculty, student affairs staff, and general students. Some survey scales were common across all groups and some were unique to each group. They focused on knowledge, interest, and involvement in GLBT topics, attitudes toward GLBT persons and issues, and perceptions of the campus climate. The authors believe the results suggest that sufficient differences exist across and within (sex and class for students, sex and academic discipline for faculty) campus community groups to warrant using a multiple perspectives approach when assessing the campus climate for GLBT students.
Synchronization of uncertain fractional-order chaotic systems with disturbance based on a fractional terminal sliding mode controller

This paper provides a novel method to synchronize uncertain fractional-order chaotic systems with external disturbance via fractional terminal sliding mode control. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, a new fractional-order switching manifold is proposed, and in order to ensure the occurrence of sliding motion in finite time, a corresponding sliding mode control law is designed. The proposed control scheme is applied to synchronize the fractional-order Lorenz chaotic system and fractional-order Chen chaotic system with uncertainty and external disturbance parameters. The simulation results show the applicability and efficiency of the proposed scheme.
Binary Particle Swarm Optimisers: toolbox, derivations, and mathematical insights

A canonical Particle Swarm Optimisation model requires only three algebraic operators, namely "modifying a velocity", "combining three velocities ", and "applying a velocity to a position", which can have a lot of explicit transcriptions. In particular, for binary optimisation, it is possible to define a toolbox of specific ones, and to derive then some a la carte optimisers that can be, for example, extremely efficient only on some kind of problems, or on the contrary just reasonably efficient but very robust. For "amatheurs" who would like to better understand the behaviour of binary PSO algorithms an Appendix gives some theoretical results.
PR ] 1 4 D ec 2 01 0 An f-divergence approach for optimal portfolios in exponential Levy models December 15 , 2010

We present a unified approach to get explicit formulas for utility maximising strategies in Exponential Levy models. This approach is related to f -divergence minimal martingale measures and based on a new concept of preservation of the Levy property by f -divergence minimal martingale measures. For common f divergences, i.e. functions which satisfy f ′′(x) = axγ , a > 0, γ ∈ R, we give the conditions for the existence of corresponding uf maximising strategies, as well as explicit formulas.
Soma-Based Nonphysical Instrument Design in Electronic Music Performance

ABSTRACT:Attention to the role of the body and bodily awareness in human-computer interaction is increasing. Broader availability of cost-effective motion sensors in mobile and gaming applications has prompted a shift to body-centered design methods. This article examines the relevance of embodied sketching activities drawn from soma-based and sonic interaction design to digital musical instrument (DMI) development. It focuses specifically on the Telechord, a novel motion-controlled system that promotes methods for exploring connections between movement and sound. By emphasizing the felt aspects of movement-based design and performance, this approach places performer experience at the forefront, complementing technical efforts to enhance nuance and coherence in current DMI design research.
Comparative Studies on Wave Guide Open Slot Radiator, H-Plane T-Junction Radiator

In defence radar applications, slotted waveguides have excellent, predictable and replicable antenna parameters, when their mechanical manufacturing tolerances defined accurately and controlled. Open slot radiators in the narrow wall of rectangular waveguides are popularly used in several radar applications. Slots used are either longitudinal or inclined depending on the desired polarizations. The longitudinal slots are used for the generation of vertical polarized fields and vertical slots are used for horizontally polarized fields. Sometimes both polarizations are required in succession in defence radar applications. However when longitudinal inclined slots are coupled to a T-arm forming H-plane T-junction, they produce only vertically polarized fields. In this case it is possible to have more parameters for the design of the arrays. At the same time above two types of radiators exhibit different characteristics. In the view of this fact, intensive investigations are made, to bring out and consolidate their comparative characteristics. The admittance parameters, coupling and VSWR are numerically computed using the concept of TE, TM, hybrid and self-reaction concepts.
An H~1-Galerkin Nonconforming Mixed Finite Element Method for Integro-Differential Equation of Parabolic Type

H1-Galerkin nonconforming mixed finite element methods are analyzed for integro-differential equation of parabolic type.By use of the typical characteristic of the elements,we obtain that the Galerkin mixed approximations have the same rates of convergence as in the classical mixed method,but without LBB stability condition.
A-me and BrainCloud: Art-Science Interrogations of Localization in Neuroscience

Cognitive neuroscience has become a major player in shaping ideas about the self and about human capacities and behavior. For this reason, it is crucial that neuroscience should be open to a broad range of perspectives and voices that actively engage in defining research questions and interpretive frameworks. This article reports on two projects that venture across the art-science boundaries, and that experiment with ways of integrating science, technology and society through artistic intervention. Both projects, A-me: Augmented Memories and BrainCloud , explore the central role of localization in neuroscience, or more precisely, the elusive links between cognitive information and brain anatomy.
(PRE-PRINT OF REVIEW TO APPEAR IN: EDUCATIONAL STUDIES IN MATHEMATICS, 2010 )

1. Opening Remarks A clarion call such as “Creativity for all” sounds hauntingly similar to calls such as “Algebra for all”, “Quantitative Literacy for all”, “Democracy for all” etc, heard from bodies such as the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM), policy makers and politicians respectively. The implication of such calls is that very little actually gets accomplished when forces that dictate reality factor into the implementation of such ideals. This preamble sets the stage for the critical review of the book in question, namely “Creativity in Mathematics and the Education of Gifted Students”
Formation of Magnetized Prestellar Cores in Turbulent Giant Molecular Clouds

Title of dissertation: Formation of Magnetized Prestellar Cores in Turbulent Giant Molecular Clouds Che-Yu Chen, Doctor of Philosophy, 2015 Dissertation directed by: Professor Eve C. Ostriker Department of Astronomy The main goal of this thesis research is developing a theory to describe the early stages of star formation within magnetized, turbulent molecular clouds, which is a fundamental problem in astrophysics. In giant molecular clouds, supersonic turbulence creates shocks and compresses material to generate overdense structures that can later collapse gravitationally, while the intrinsic magnetic fields in the clouds limit the compression in turbulent shocks and provide support to prestellar cores against self-gravity. Previous numerical simulations had shown promising results that prestellar cores with realistic physical properties can form in shocked regions with the presence of magnetic fields and ambipolar diffusion, but left a big gap in understanding the fundamental mechanism driving prestellar core formation in turbulent, magnetized environments, especially the longstanding puzzle of how these dense, self-gravitating cores form in the diffuse, thermally-supported, and highly magnetized clouds. In this thesis, we firstly adopted both analytic and numerical methods to investigate a one-dimensional C-type shock created by turbulenceaccelerated ambipolar diffusion, and we discovered a transient stage that can theoretically generate overdense regions with relatively low magnetic pressure. We then turned to fully three-dimensional MHD simulations with supersonic convergent flows, and quantitatively studied the physical properties of cores formed in the shock-compressed regions, together with the detailed flows leading to core formation. These cores have similar masses and sizes as the observed ones, and form within a timescale comparable to the observed core lifetime. However, we found that ambipolar diffusion may not be a crucial mechanism for cores to lose magnetic support, because gas in overdense regions preferably flows along the magnetic field lines. We therefore extended the parameter space of our simulations to further examine the anisotropic core formation model. Our results suggest that while prestellar cores are seeded by perturbations from local turbulence, they are built up by collecting surrounding materials anisotropically along the magnetic field lines. To conclude, though turbulence-enhanced ambipolar diffusion can highly reduce the level of magnetization within shock-compressed dense regions, anisotropic contraction may be the key mechanism driving prestellar core formation within turbulent, magnetized giant molecular clouds. This mechanism leads to cores with masses and sizes that are in good agreement with observed prestellar cores. Formation of Magnetized Prestellar Cores in Turbulent Giant Molecular Clouds
Experimental investigation of the water entry of a rectangular plate at high horizontal velocity

The water entry of a rectangular plate with a high horizontal velocity component is investigated experimentally. The test conditions are representative of those encountered by aircraft during emergency landing on water and are given in terms of three main parameters: horizontal velocity, approach angle, i.e. vertical to horizontal velocity ratio, and pitch angle. Experimental data are presented in terms of pressure, spray root shape, pressure peak propagation velocity and total loads acting on the plate. A theoretical solution of the plate entry problem based on two-dimensional and potential flow assumptions is derived and is used to support the interpretation of the experimental measurements. The results indicate that, as the plate penetrates and the ratio between the plate breadth and the wetted length measured on the longitudinal plane diminishes, the role of the third dimension becomes dominant. The increased possibility for the liquid to escape from the lateral sides yields a reduction of the pressure peak propagation velocity and, consequently, of the corresponding pressure peak intensity. In particular, it is shown that, at the beginning of the entry process, the pressure peak moves much faster than the geometric intersection between the body and the free surface, but at a later stage the two points move along the body at the same speed. Furthermore, it is shown that the spray root develops a curved shape which is almost independent of the specific test conditions, even though the initial growth rate of the curvature is higher for larger pitch angles. The loads follow a linear increase versus time, as predicted by the theoretical model, only in a short initial stage. Next, for all test conditions examined here, they approach a square-root dependence on time. It is seen that, if the loads are scaled by the square of the velocity component normal to the plate, the data are almost independent of the test conditions.
Causes and Effects of Filament Eruptions

Observational and theoretical aspects of filament destabilization are reviewed in light of the concept of filament eruption as catas trophic loss of equilibrium in a magnetic configuration of inverse polarity. Interrelations between eruptive prominences and other phenomena of so lar activity such as flares, CMEs, and loop arcade are considered.
Langzeitergebnisse nach endovaskulärer und offener Versorgung des rupturierten Bauchaortenaneurysmas – eine Propensity-Score-Analyse

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund In dieser retrospektiven Propensity-Score-gematchten Studie sollten die perioperative Letalität und das Langzeitüberleben bis zu 9 Jahre nach endovaskulärer (EVAR) und offener (OAR) Versorgung von Patienten mit rupturiertem Bauchaortenaneurysma (rAAA) in Deutschland anhand von Krankenkassendaten der AOK-Gesundheit dargestellt werden. Material und Methodik Es wurden 2170 Patienten, die zwischen dem 01.01. 2010 und 31.12. 2016 mit einem rAAA innerhalb 24 h nach stationärer Aufnahme versorgt wurden und Bluttransfusionen erhielten, in die Studie aufgenommen und bis zum 31.12. 2018 nachverfolgt. Zur besseren Vergleichbarkeit von EVAR und OAR erfolgte ein 1:1-Propensity-Score-Matching der Patienten nach Alter, Geschlecht und Vorerkrankungen über das R-Programm (Stiftung für Statistisches Rechnen, Wien, Österreich) mit 624 Paaren. Ergebnisse Im nicht adjustierten Kollektiv wurden 29,1% (631/2170) der Patienten mit EVAR und 70,9% (1539/2170) mit OAR versorgt. EVAR-Patienten hatten eine signifikant höhere Rate an Komorbiditäten. Nach Adjustierung wiesen EVAR-Patienten das signifikant bessere perioperative Überleben (EVAR 35,7%; OAR 51,0%; p = 0,000) auf. Bei 80,4% der EVAR-Patienten und 80,3% der OAR-Patienten sind perioperative Komplikationen aufgetreten (p = 1,000). Am Ende des Follow-ups überlebten Kaplan-Meier-geschätzt 15,2% der Patienten bei EVAR vs. 19,5% bei OAR (p = 0,027). In der multivariaten Cox-Regressionsanalyse hatten OAR, das Alter ≥ 80 Jahre, ein Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 und die Niereninsuffizienz in den Stadien 3–5 einen negativen Einfluss auf das Gesamtüberleben. Werktags operierte Patienten hatten eine signifikant niedrigere perioperative Letalität (perioperative Letalität werktags 40,6% vs. Wochenende 53,4%; p = 0,000) und ein Kaplan-Meier-geschätzt besseres Gesamtüberleben als Patienten des Wochenendes. Schlussfolgerung Es wurde ein signifikant besseres perioperatives Überleben und Gesamtüberleben bei EVAR beobachtet. Der perioperative Überlebensvorteil von EVAR ergab sich ebenfalls bei den über ≥ 80-jährigen Patienten. Das weibliche Geschlecht hatte auf die perioperative Sterblichkeit und auf das Gesamtüberleben keinen signifikanten Einfluss. Am Wochenende versorgte Patienten hatten ein signifikant schlechteres perioperatives Überleben verglichen mit Patienten, die unter der Woche versorgt wurden, was bis zum Ende des Follow-ups anhielt. Inwieweit dies von der Klinikstruktur abhängig war, konnte nicht überprüft werden.
Formation of Hot Cracks in Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds — Solidification Cracking Crack formation is controlled by phase transformations and interfacial energy considerations

Solidification cracking in austenitic stainless steel welds was investigated by Spot-Varestraint tests using pure laboratory heats and commercial heats. The initiation and propagation of solidification cracks were found to be controlled by the formation of the solidification grain boundary, interfacial energy considerations, and the phase transformations occurring upon solidification. The ability to backfill the cracks also affects the extent of cracking observed in welds. The primary austenitic mode of solidification occurring in some of these alloys enables cracks to initiate and propagate more easily. This is further enhanced by sulfur segregation. The primary ferritic mode of solidification, however, inhibits crack initiation and propagation and promotes backfilling.
Nonlinear output regulation for invertible nonlinear MIMO systems

In this paper, we address the problem of output regulation for a broad class of multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) nonlinear systems. Specifically, we consider input–affine systems, which are invertible and input–output linearizable. This class includes, as a trivial special case, the class of MIMO systems which possess a well‐defined vector relative degree. It is shown that if a system in this class is strongly minimum phase, in a sense specified in the paper, the problem of output regulation can be solved via partial‐state feedback or via (dynamic) output feedback. The result substantially broadens the class of nonlinear MIMO systems for which the problem in question is known to be possible. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.