Criminology: An Interdisciplinary Approach

Preface Foreword Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Criminology, Crime, And Criminal Law What Is Criminology? What Is Crime? Crime as a Moving Target Crime as a Subcategory of Social Harms Beyond Social Construction: The Stationary Core Crimes Box 1.1 Mala in Se or Mala Prohibita? The Cannibal and His Willing Victim Victimful and Victimless Crimes The Felony-Misdemeanor Distinction Criminality The Legal Making of a Criminal An Excursion Through the U.S. Criminal Justice System The Role of Theory in Criminology The Classical School Chapter 2: Measuring Crime And Criminal Behavior Categorizing and Measuring Crime and Criminal Behavior The Dark Figure of Crime Revisited Box 2.1 The Crime Problem or the Criminality Problem? The Financial Cost of Crime Interpreting Crime Trends Box 2.2 Is the United States Hard or Soft on Crime? Summary Exercises and Discussion Questions Key Words Chapter 3: The Early Schools Of Criminology And Modern Counterparts The Classical Scholars The Rise of Positivism Box 3.1 Lombrosoism Before and After Lombroso Neoclassicism: Rational Choice Theory Connecting Criminological Theory and Social Policy Summary Exercises and Discussion Questions Key Words Chapter 4: Social Structural Theories The Social Structural Tradition Sociological Positivism Box 4.1 People Versus Places: Do Neighborhoods Matter? Subcultural Theories Box 4.2 Does Poverty Cause Crime, or Does Crime Cause Poverty? Youth Gangs Evaluation of Social Structural Theories Policy and Prevention: Implications of Social Structural Theories Summary Exercises and Discussion Questions Key Words Chapter 5: Social Process Theories The Social Process Tradition Social Control Theories Box 5.1 Self-Esteem and Crime Evaluation of Social Process Theories Policy and Prevention: Implications of Social Process Theories Summary Exercises and Discussion Questions Key Words Chapter 6: Critical Theories: Marxist, Conflict, And Feminist The Conflict Perspective of Society Conflict Theory: Max Weber, Power and Conflict Box 6.1 The Supreme Court and Class Conflict Feminist Criminology Evaluation of Critical Theories Policy and Prevention: Implications of Critical Theories Summary Exercises and Discussion Questions Key Words Chapter 7: Psychosocial Theories: Individual Traits And Criminal Behavior Modern Psychology and Intelligence Box 7.1 The Impact of High and Low IQ on Life Outcomes The Role of Temperament Modern Psychosocial Theories The Antisocial Personalities Evaluation of the Psychosocial Perspective Policy and Prevention: Implications of Psychosocial Theories Summary Exercises and Discussion Questions Key Words Chapter 8: Biosocial Approaches Behavior Genetics Box 8.1 Gene-Environment Interaction: MAO, Abuse/Neglect, and Crime Evolutionary Psychology The Neurohormonal Sciences Evaluation of the Biosocial Perspective Policy and Prevention: Implications of Biosocial Theories Summary Exercises and Discussion Questions Key Words Chapter 9: Developmental Theories: From Delinquency To Crime To Desistance Juvenile Delinquency Box 9.1 What Role Do Genes Play in Juvenile Delinquency? Major Developmental Theories Evaluation of Development Theories Box 9.2 Summary of Key Points, Strengths, and Differences of Developmental Theories Policy and Prevention: Implications of Development Theories Summary Exercises and Discussion Questions Key Words Chapter 10: Altered Minds And Crime: Alcohol, Drugs, And Mental Illness The Scope of the Alcohol/Crime Problem Illegal Drugs and Crime Box 10.1 Treatment Modalities for Substance Abuse in the Criminal Justice System Box 10.2 Portrait of a Schizophrenic Summary Exercises and Discussion Questions Key Terms Chapter 11: Crimes of Violence Murder Rape and Rapists Box 11.1 Characteristics of Rapists Robbery and Robbers Aggravated Assault Explaining Violence Sociologically: The Subculture of Violence Thesis Evolutionary Considerations:What Is Violence For? Box 11.2 Evolutionary Considerations of Inequality and Violence Summary Exercises and Discussion Questions Key Terms Chapter 12: Serial, Mass, and Spree Murder What Is Multiple Murder? Box 12.1 Recent Long-Term Serial Killers: The Green River and BTK Cases Theories About the Causes of Serial Killing Law Enforcement's Response to Serial Killing Box 12.2 The First Serial Killer Profile: Jack the Ripper Summary Exercises and Discussion Questions Key Terms Chapter 13: Terrorism and Terrorists Terrorism Defined Why Terrorism? Is There a Difference Between Terrorists and Freedom Fighters? The Extent of Terrorism Terrorism and Common Crime Some Important Terrorist Groups Box 13.1 The Irish Republican Army: A Decommissioned Group? Terrorism in the United States Theories About the Causes of Terrorism Is There a Terrorist Personality? Becoming a Terrorist Law Enforcement Response and Government Policy Summary Exercises and Discussion Questions Key Terms Chapter 14: Property And Public Order Crimes Larceny-Theft Burglary Motor Vehicle Theft Box 14.1 Carjacking: MV Theft With an Attitude Arson Crimes of Guile and Deceit Cybercrime: Oh What a Tangled World Wide Web We Weave Box 14.2 Phishing: "If It's Too Good to Be True . " Public-Order Offenses Summary Exercises and Discussion Questions Key Terms Chapter 15: White-Collar And Organized Crime The Concept of White-Collar Crime Corporate Crime Box 15.1 Crimes of America's Rich and Famous in History Organized Crime Box 15.2 The Mafia: The Sicilian Origins and History Theories About the Causes of Organized Crime Law Enforcement's Response to Organized Crime Summary Exercises and Discussion Questions Key Terms Chapter 16: Victimology: Exploring The Experience Of Victimization The Emergence of Victimology Who Gets Victimized? Victimization in the Workplace and School Child Molestation:Who Gets Victimized? Victimization Theories The Consequences of Victimization Box 16.1 A Case of Cybervictimization and Its Consequences Victimization and the Criminal Justice System Box 16.2 Victims' Opinions of the Importance of Victims' Rights Victim-Offender Reconciliation Programs (VORPS) Summary Exercises and Discussion Questions Key Words Glossary Author Index Subject Index About the Authors