Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Climate-modulated range expansion of reef-building coral communities off southeast Florida during the late Holocene

The Holocene reefs off southeast Florida provide unique insights into the biogeographical and ecological response of western Atlantic coral reefs to past climate change that can be used to evaluate future climate impacts. However, previous studies have focused on millennial-scale change during the stable mid-Holocene, making it difficult to make inferences about the impact of shorter-term variability that is relevant to modern climate warming. Using uranium-series dating of newly discovered subfossil coral rubble deposits, we establish a new high-resolution record of coral community development off southeast Florida during a period of variable climate in the late Holocene. Our results indicate that coral communities dominated by reef-building Acropora palmata and Orbicella spp. persisted in the nearshore environments off southeast Florida ~75 km north of their primary historical ranges between ~3500 and 1800 years before present. This timing coincides with regional warming at the northern extent of the Atlantic Warm Pool, suggesting a likely link between regional oceanographic climate and the expansion of cold-sensitive reef-building coral communities to the high-latitude reefs off southeast Florida. These findings not only extend the record of coral-reef development in southeast Florida into the late Holocene, but they also have important implications for future range expansions of reef-building coral communities in response to modern climate change.
Logarithmic high dimensional model representation in image processing

Logarithmic HDMR is an HDMR based method and it allows us to reconstruct an analytical structure for a given multivariate analytical function in terms of less variate components. In this study, we develop a method to model multivariate data through Logarithmic HDMR and we use this method to make an approximation to the given original image. That is, we deal with the reconstruction of an image by using Logarithmic HDMR philosophy and we reach very promising results.
Formation and Reconnection of Electron Scale Current Layers in the Turbulent Outflows of a Primary Reconnection Site

We simulate with 3D particle in cell, the spontaneous formation of turbulent outflows in an initially laminar 3D reconnecting current layer. We observe the formation of many secondary current layers and reconnection sites in the outflow. The approach we follow is to study each individual feature within the turbulent outflow. To identify all clusters of current in the outflow we use a clustering technique widely used in unsupervised machine learning: density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise. Once the clusters are identified we measure their size and compute reconnection indicators to establish which are undergoing reconnection. With this analysis we establish that the size of the current clusters reaches all the way from its initial system scale down to subelectron skin depth scale. We observe that the smaller current clusters are more prone to reconnecting and to releasing energy. We then find the process of reconnection of the smaller current cluster to be of the recently observed electron-only type that leaves the ions essentially unaffected.
Cancer Therapy Assessment Accounting for Heterogeneity Using q-Rung Picture Fuzzy Dynamic Aggregation Approach

Due to the fact that there is no symmetry in the division of cancer cells, it is important to consider this asymmetrical behavior. Because of this heterogeneity during any therapy, not every cancer cell that is killed only is abolished, which is sensitive to the particular treatment chosen. Mathematical models that describe these pathways are critical for predicting cancer cell proliferation behavior. The literature on the mathematical modeling of cancer onset, growth, and metastasis is extensive. Both deterministic and stochastic factors were used to develop mathematical models to mimic the development rate of cancer cells. We focus on the cell’s heterogeneity in our model so that the cells generally responsible for spreading cancer, which are called stem cells, can be killed. Aggregation operators (AOs) play an important role in decision making, especially when there are several competing factors. A key issue in the case of uncertain data is to develop appropriate solutions for the aggregation process. We presented two novel Einstein AOs: q-rung picture fuzzy dynamic Einstein weighted averaging (q-RPFDEWA) operator and q-rung picture fuzzy dynamic Einstein weighted geometric (q-RPFDEWG) operator. Several enticing aspects of these AOs are thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, we provide a method for dealing with multi-period decision-making (MPDM) issues by applying optimal solutions. A numerical example is presented to explain how the recommended technique can be used in cancer therapy assessment. Authenticity analysis is also presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed technique. The suggested AOs and decision-making methodologies are generally applicable in real-world multi-stage and dynamic decision analysis.
Head Injuries In Rollover of Military Armoured Vehicle

Rollover crashes in vehicles are disproportionately more dangerous and posed a relatively higher risk of severe injuries and fatality rates compared to other configurations such as frontal and side crashes. To date, there is no study being conducted on injury outcomes of rollover accidents involving military armoured vehicles. This study was conducted to examine the driver’s response in rollover of SIBMAS 6X6 and with the aim to evaluate severity of head injury in the incident using finite element simulation. Hybrid III 50th percentile male dummy was incorporated to represent a driver and was thus configured to simulate a typical seated driving posture. Rollover intensity, in terms of initial kinetic energy, which capable of producing two quarter-turns of rolling with vehicle roof landing was imposed via initial angular velocity that applied to the whole vehicle. The dummy’s head was observed to make three significant impacts with hull interior structures from the initiation of rollover and until the roof landed on the ground. Head injury severity was evaluated based on resultant acceleration of head centre of gravity and also 15 ms duration Head Injury Criteria (HIC15). The maximum values of these two criteria were 531g and 9098g, respectively. Evaluation of these severity values with respect to the associated injury risks and also fatality rates as classified in Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) clearly indicated that the head injuries sustained by the driver were mostly fatal.
Species Diversity of Mangroves in Central Zambales, Philippines

The Philippines being an archipelagic country has one of the most diverse mangrove ecosystems. Species composition and diversity assessment are vital for sustainable management and conservation activities of mangrove resources. The diversity of mangroves was assessed to determine the status of the mangrove ecosystem in the central part of Zambales, Philippines. Data were gathered using a random quadrat sampling method in the twelve pre-selected stations. Each quadrat measures 1 meters and the quantitative description of each plant species was determined. There were a total of 15 mangrove species surveyed in the area, under seven families, which family Rhizophoraceae was the most represented, with six species, and families Euphorbiaceae, Meliaceae, and Myrsinaceae were only represented with one species each. Shannon’s Diversity Index showed that the mangrove ecosystems in Botolan had “very low” diversity (SDI=1.71) and Iba had “low” diversity (SDI=2.11). Anthropogenic sources such as agri-aqua and encroachment served as the major driving forces in the diversity of mangroves. Other threats include solid waste disposal, quarrying, oil spill, organic fertilizer run-off, and soil erosion among others. These may threaten species that could eventually cause greater biodiversity and economic loss. Hence, protection, conservation, and sustainable management be given priority.
The capacity of the Gaussian channel with feedback

In this paper we provide a rigorous proof that feedback cannot increase the capacity of the channel with additive colored gaussian noise by more than a factor of two. We also give a tighter bound showing that any increase in capacity is less than the normalized correlation between the signal and noise. It is further shown that gaussian signals and linear feedback processing will achieve capacity. The practical implications are that (i) feedback should be used to simplify encoding and decoding since there is little to be gained in the way of increased capacity and (ii) the various proposed schemes which use linear feedback are doing the correct thing.
Reinforcement learning movement path for multiple mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks

Mobile sink nodes play a very active role in wireless sensor network (WSN) routing. Because hiring these nodes can decrease the energy consumption of each node, end‐to‐end delay, and network latency significantly. Therefore, mobile sinks can soar the network lifetime dramatically. Generally, there are three movement paths for a mobile sink, which are as follows: (1) Random/stochastic, (2) controlled, and (3) fixed/ predictable/predefined paths. In this paper, a novel movement path is introduced as a fourth category of movement paths for mobile sinks. This path is based on deep learning, so a mobile sink node can go to the appropriate region that has more data at a suitable time. Thereupon, WSN routing can improve very much in terms of end‐to‐end delay, network latency, network lifetime, delivery ratio, and energy efficiency. The new proposed routing suggests a reinforcement learning movement path (RLMP) for multiple mobile sinks. The network in the proposed work consists of a couple of regions; each region can be employed for a special purpose, so this method is hired for any application and any size of the network. All simulations in this paper are done by network simulator 3 (NS‐3). The experimental results clearly show that the RLMP overcomes other approaches by at least 32.48% in the network lifetime benchmark.
Compression of 99mTc Methylene Diphosphonate Bone Scan Images using Discrete Cosine Transformation

Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study was to find the optimum value of threshold for compression of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scan images using discrete cosine transformation (DCT). Materials and Methods: DCT was applied to 51 99mTc-MDP bone scan images and then the image of logarithmic value of DCT coefficients was inspected to determine the threshold. After inspecting the number of images of DCT coefficients, we estimated the appropriate value of the threshold to be 10. After the application of threshold = 10, compressed image was reconstructed by applying the inverse DCT. Compression factor was calculated by dividing the nonzero element after thresholding to the nonzero element before thresholding DCT coefficients. Nuclear medicine physicians compared the compressed images with its input images and labeled them as acceptable or unacceptable. During comparison of input and compressed images, we considered points such as smoothening, blocking artifacts, body contour, gap between closely placed lesions, and detectability of lesion. Results: Forty-four compressed images (out of 51 images) obtained at threshold 10 were acceptable to Nuclear Medicine Physician (NMP). Compressed images were less noisy compared to its input image. Compression factor was found to be 13.03 ± (minimum = 2.71, maximum = 42.92). Conclusion: The optimum value of threshold for compression of 99mTc-MDP bone scan images was found to be 10, and the average compression factor achieved was equal to 13.03 (92.30%).
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Sebagai Faktor Pengungkit Pengembangan Desa Wisata: Studi Kasus pada Wisata Sawah Sumber Gempong

Pengembangan potensi desa menjadi desa pariwisata menjadi salah satu fokus pemerintah pusat dalam meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat. Pengembangan pariwisata tidak terlepas dari persepsi dan dukungan komunitas didalamnya. Dukungan komunitas terhadap pengembangan pariwisata dapat dijelaskan dalam kerangka pikir ekonomi maupun non ekonomi. Peran masyarakat sebagai bagian komunitas yang berfokus pada pendekatan ekonomi, yakni sisi manfaat dan biaya dijelaskan dalam perspektif Social Exchange Theory (SET). Selain faktor ekonomi, faktor non ekonomi juga menjadi pertimbangan yang tak kalah pentingnya dalam pengembangan desa wisata. Pemberdayaan masyarakat desa menjadi faktor pengungkit non ekonomi yang penting untuk menggerakkan perubahan ke arah pengembangan desa wisata. Bertumpu pada Resident Empowerment through Tourism (RETS), penelitian ini berupaya mengungkap peran pemberdayaan masyarakat desa pada wisata sawah Sumber Gempong dalam ranah pengembangan desa wisata. Desain penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik field research dipilih untuk menelaah empat dimensi pemberdayaan masyarakat meliputi personal economic benefit, psychological empowerment, social empowerment, dan political empowerment. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dan observasi pihak terkait, misalnya pemerintah desa (Kepala Desa dan jajarannya), BUMDesa Mutiara Welirang (Direktur, Manajer dan staff), serta masyarakat lokal pelaku wisata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peran postif empat dimensi pemberdayaan masyarakat sebagai faktor pengungkit terhadap pengembangan desa wisata.
A simple and robust approach to drift reduction in motion estimation of human body

Incremental tracking of the human body is performed by accumulating pose displacements frame by frame over the initial pose at the starting frame. The initial pose is measured by fitting an articulated model to the human body in an image, and the pose displacement can be estimated from the intensity difference between successive frames. However, the incremental approach faces a difficulty, namely, drift by accumulation of estimation errors of pose displacements. This paper proposes a simple and robust method of drift reduction. The proposed method measures a pose by model fitting even to the final frame, and calculates the drift between the final pose and the pose obtained as a result of accumulation. The mean drift between the frames is then calculated from the drift at the final frame, and the pose is corrected by subtracting the mean drift from the pose by accumulation in turn. Several iterations of motion estimation and pose correction make the model fit the human body in the intermediate frames. Pose correction can be performed simply by solving a system of linear equations in three unknowns. Several experiments in body tracking prove the proposed method to be effective. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 89(8): 39–52, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20264
Solute transport in heterogeneous porous formations

Solute transport in porous formations is governed by the large-scale heterogeneity of hydraulic conductivity. The two typical lengthscales are the local one (of the order of metres) and the regional one (of the order of kilometres). The formation is modelled as a random fixed structure, to reflect the uncertainty of the space distribution of conductivity, which has a lognormal probability distribution function. A first-order perturbation approximation, valid for small log-conductivity variance, is used in order to derive closed-form expressions of the Eulerian velocity covariances for uniform average flow. The concentration expectation value is determined by using a similar approximation, and it satisfies a diffusion equation with time-dependent apparent dispersion coefficients. The longitudinal coefficients tend to constant values in both two- and three-dimensional flows only after the solute body has travelled a few tens of conductivity integral scales. This may be an exceedingly large distance in many applications for which the transient stage prevails. Comparison of theoretical results with recent field experimental data is quite satisfactory. The variance of the space-averaged concentration over a volume V may be quite large unless the lengthscale of the initial solute body or of V is large compared with the conductivity integral scale. This condition is bound to be obeyed for transport at the local scale, in which case the concentration may be assumed to satisfy the ergodic hypothesis. This is not generally the case at the regional scale, and the solute concentration is subjected to large uncertainty. The usefulness of the prediction of the concentration expectation value is then quite limited and the dispersion coefficients become meaningless. In the second part of the study, the influence of knowledge of the conductivity and head at a set of points upon transport is examined. The statistical moments of the velocity and concentration fields are computed for a subensemble of formations and for conditional probability distribution functions of conductivity and head, with measured values kept fixed at the set of measurement points. For conditional statistics the velocity is not stationary, and its mean and variance vary throughout the space, even if its unconditional mean and variance are constant. The main aim of the analysis is to examine the reduction of concentration coefficient of variation, i.e. of its uncertainty, by conditioning. It is shown that measurements of transmissivity on a grid of points can be effective in reducing concentration variance, provided that the distance between the points is smaller than two conductivity integral scales. Head conditioning has a lesser effect upon variance reduction.
The effect of attractive interactions on the nematic order of V2O5 gels

Aqueous suspensions of V2O5 ribbons form a lyotropic nematic phase at volume fractions larger than 0.7%. We investigate the effect of adding a monovalent salt (NaCl) to this charge-stabilized system. Without any added salt, the nematic ordering can be described by the Onsager model based on a hard-core repulsive potential. Adding salt induces the gelation of these suspensions. Very unexpectedly, it also induces the stabilization of the nematic phase with respect to the isotropic one in a way opposite to the predictions of the Onsager model and to the usual behavior of typical hard-rod fluids. Larger salt concentrations eventually lead to flocculation. These observations indicate the increasing influence of attractive interactions which we argue are most probably van der Waals attractions.
Global Policy to Reduce the Incidence of Infection Spreading in Non-Vaccinated Healthcare Workers: A Literature Review

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection because of their occupational exposure. Moreover, they can be a vehicle for the virus transmission among patients. The vaccination of healthcare personnel against COVID-19 is crucial in fighting the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection, together with strict sanitary procedures that aim to limit the risk of contagion. Unfortunately, even if COVID-19 vaccination has been proved one of the most effective tools for protecting against COVID-19, many healthcare professionals are not yet vaccinated. The aim of the current review is to contribute to identifying an effective strategy for COVID-19 prevention especially among non-vaccinated HCWs. In this review, we collected the most recent and relevant findings from literature on the protection of unvaccinated HCWs, identifying three types of measures as principal actions to protect those operators: addressing vaccine hesitancy, improving non-pharmaceutical interventions and promoting actions at personal level (respiratory hygiene, hand hygiene and use of PPE). All these interventions are very effective in preventing contagion, if well respected and conducted; nevertheless, it is essential to promote vaccination, as it is the most effective measure.
Operational aircraft maintenance routing problem incorporating cruise speed control

Allowing variability in flight flying time in aircraft rerouting can achieve improved flight connection opportunities, and thus higher aircraft utilization and enhanced schedule flexibility. However, similar impacts on aircraft routing are underexplored. In this study, a new operational aircraft maintenance routing problem (OAMRP) model that incorporates cruise speed control to realize the flying time variability is formulated. A graph reduction procedure is developed to reduce the excessive model size. Then, the model is solved using a novel ant colony optimization algorithm that considers node attractions in the state transition rule. Computational experiments show that the proposed model, compared with the traditional model, can generate aircraft maintenance routes with higher aircraft utilization, and thereby save aircraft. Moreover, both schedule stability and flexibility are maintained in the proposed model.
A New Approach for Computing Zadeh’s Extension Principle

Zadeh's extension principle is one of the most fundamental principles in fuzzy set theory. It provides a powerful technique in order to extend a real continuous function to a function accepting fuzzy sets as arguments. If the function is monotone, then the endpoints of the output can be determined quite easily. However, the difficulty arises when the function is non-monotone. In that case, the computation of the output is not an easy task. The purpose of this paper is to provide a new method to reduce this difficulty. The method is based on the implementation of optimisation technique over the VT-cuts of fuzzy set. By doing so, the endpoints of the output can be approximated. The method proposed in this paper is easy to implement and can be applied to many practical applications. Several examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Keywords: Continuous Function; Fuzzy Set; Optimisation; Zadeh’s Extension Principle.
High SNR measurement of interaction matrix on-sky and in lab

The fundamental task of AO system calibration is the acquisition of the Interaction Matrix (IM). This task is usually performed in a laboratory or at the telescope using a reference fiber illuminating both deformable mirror and wavefront sensor. The problem of measuring the IM on a bright reference star has been attacked by some authors. The principal problem of this measurement is to achieve a high SNR when atmospheric turbulence is present. This is very difficult if sensor signals are simply time averaged to get rid of the turbulence effects. The paper presents a new technique to perform an on sky measurement of the IM with high SNR and reducing the overall measurement time by an order of magnitude. This technique can be very useful for AO systems using large size DMs like MMT, LBT and possibly VLT and OWL. In these cases fiber-based IM measurements require challenging optical set-up that in some cases, like for OWL, are unpractical to build. The technique is still relevant for classical small DM AO systems that could be calibrated on sky avoiding misregistration errors. Finally this technique is valuable for laboratory measurements when the IM of an AO system has to be measured with great accuracy against external disturbances like bench vibrations, local turbulence effects and so on. Again IM measurement SNR is increased and the overall measurement time can be significantly reduced. The paper will introduce and detail the technique physical principle and quantify with numerical simulations the SNR improvement achieved using this technique. Finally laboratory results obtained during the test of the LBT AO system prototype are given and compared to simulations.