Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Diseases in Potato Plant using Pre-trained and Traditional Machine Learning Models

Potato, among the most vegetables is commercially significant and well-known vegetable which is known for its high nutritional content and delicious flavor. India is one of the world’s leading producers of potato. Unfortunately, plant diseases in potato have been one of the causes of decreased production. So, it is necessary to detect them. Collecting images of plants diseases is a big challenge as it is a very time-consuming process. Often, we do not have sufficient data to train our deep learning models, so data augmentation techniques are used for increasing the dataset which lead to poor generalization. This study focuses on detecting whether the plant is healthy or diseased. In this proposed method, limited dataset is used for potato plant disease classification without using any data augmentation techniques. Popular pre-trained models — VGG16, InceptionResNetV2, ResNet50V2 are used for feature extraction and traditional machine learning algorithms — XGBoost, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Random Forest are used as classifiers. From the study, it is observed that the combination of VGG16 model as a feature extractor and SVM as a classifier achieved the highest accuracy of 93% compared to rest of the combination of models and algorithms. The method proposed in this study can be used for potato plant disease detection with limited dataset.
Design and Analysis of Hybrid Microgrid System for Vehicle Electrical Charging Stations

DC and AC electricity charge EVs at the charging station. DC charges quickly, but AC charges slowly. The microgrid has few AC loads but lots of DC quick charging. High harmonic current from several AC and DC conversions will increase power usage and decrease microgrid solidity and richness. Hence, the traditional hybrid AC/DC microgrid that mainly relies on an AC microgrid fails in such conditions. Charging stations powered by a hybrid microgrid may help regulate power flow and reduce transmission losses in today's power grid. Nevertheless, when battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are charged without coordination with the hybrid microgrid, the associated renewable energy sources are not used to their full potential. In addition, a multiport charging facility is part of the growth of new charging stations that is expected to strain the power grid. Our unique hybrid microgrid system for electric car charging stations is proposed as a solution to these problems. To better accommodate electric vehicles (EVs) on the grid, this research proposes and evaluates a novel form of photovoltaics (PV) hybrid DC/AC microgrid for EV charging stations. Components of the proposed model include renewable energy sources, a diesel generator, a PV model, storage devices, linear loads, and non-linear loads (RESs). The effectiveness of the suggested model for electrical car charging stations is shown by the simulation results.
A Proposed Method for Thermal Specific Bioimaging and Therapy Technique for Diagnosis and Treatment of Malignant Tumors by Using Magnetic Nanoparticles

The objective of this research program is to develop a novel, noninvasive, low-cost infrared (8–12? m spectral range) imaging technique that would improve upon current methods using nanostructured core/shell magnetic/noble metal-based imaging and therapies. The biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles are able to produce heat under AC magnetic field. This thermal radiation propagates along the tissue by thermal conduction reaching the medium's (tissue's) surface. The surface temperature distribution is acquired by a thermal camera and can be analyzed to retrieve and reconstruct nanoparticles' temperature and location within the tissue. The technique may function as a diagnostic tool thanks to the ability of specific bioconjugation of these nanoparticles to tumor's outer surface markers. Hence, by applying a magnetic field, we could cause a selective elevation of temperature of the targeted nanoparticles up to , which detects the tumor. Furthermore, elevating the temperature over and up to stimulates a thermo ablating interaction which causes a localized irreversible damage to the cancerous site with no harm to the surrounding tissue. While functioning as a diagnostic tool, this procedure may serve as a targeted therapeutic tool under thermal feedback control as well.
Identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from developed dried coffee starter culture used as a fermentation agent to produce Robusta civet coffee

Abstract. Fauzi M, Subagio A, Restanto DP, Jayus J. 2023. Identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from developed dried coffee starter culture used as a fermentation agent to produce Robusta civet coffee. Biodiversitas 24: 3715-3722. Native civet coffee is a popular coffee bean, produced by the processes which undergo spontaneous fermentation in the civet digestive system. Since the native civet coffee has a higher selling value and its production depends on the uncontrolled civet life activities, the effort to produce a similar quality of this coffee product has been made by designing a dried starter culture isolated from civet caecum, and utilizing coffee cherry peels as the potential inducer and rice flour as the matrix for coating and immobilizing the isolates. The proportion of rice and coffee cherry peel flour mixtures was formulated to fabricate the dried starter culture by determining the viability and fermentability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) survive in the starter culture. Furthermore, the starter culture was analyzed for the number of microflora and identification of LAB, water content, glucose fermentability, total titrated acid production rate, and pH value. The most viable starter cultures were obtained from the formula of 80% rice flour and 20% coffee cherry peel flour exhibiting the number of microflora of 5.6 log MPN/g and fermentation capacity of 245.73 mg glucose/gh. The total titrated acid production rate was 91.07 mg lactic acid/gh, and a pH value of 5.33. The LABs survived in the starter culture were identified as Lacticaseibacillus paracasei. The quality of hot brewed roasted Robusta coffee prepared by fermentation using this dried starter culture was higher than that of unfermented one, as observed from their organoleptic quality. These findings indicate that the LAB isolated from civet caecum is potential to be developed as a dried starter culture in coffee cherry fermentation processes.
A Real-Time Satellite-Based Icing Detection System

Aircraft icing is one of the most dangerous weatherconditions for general aviation. Currently, modelforecasts and pilot reports (PIREPS) constitute muchof the database available to pilots for assessing theicing conditions in a particular area. Such data areoften uncertain or sparsely available. Improvements inthe temporal and areal coverage of icing diagnosesand prognoses would mark a substantialenhancement of aircraft safety in regions susceptibleto heavy supercooled liquid water clouds. The use of3.9-m data from meteorological satellite imagers fordiagnosing icing conditions has long been recognized(e.g., Ellrod and Nelson, 1996) but to date, no explicitphysically based methods have been implemented.Recent advances in cloud detection and cloudproperty retrievals using operational satellite imageryopen the door for real-time objective applications ofthose satellite datasets for a variety of weatherphenomena. Because aircraft icing is related to cloudmacro- and microphysical properties (e.g., Cober et al.1995), it is logical that the cloud properties fromsatellite data would be useful for diagnosing icingconditions. This paper describes the a prototype real-time system for detecting aircraft icing from space.
Evidence for seasonal low‐salinity surface waters in the Gulf of Mexico over the last 16,000 years

Oxygen isotopic analyses of individual Orbulina universa from Orca Basin core EN32-PC6 document the presence of low salinity surface waters in the northern Gulf of Mexico over the past 16 kyr. Isotopic data from an interval immediately following the Younger Dryas Event indicate the rapid decrease in δ18O values at the conclusion of the Younger Dryas was due to a year-round return of meltwater to the Gulf of Mexico. Data indicate periodic or seasonal low-salinity waters existed over the region of the Orca Basin prior to the initiation of the meltwater spike. Estimates suggest O. universa grew its shell in salinities at least 4.5 ‰ below ambient. Since O. universa may have calcified deep in the mixed layer during periods of low salinity, surface salinities could have been even lower. Comparison of the average of individual O. universa oxygen isotopic values with data from multiple shell samples of white Gs. ruber from the same core samples demonstrates that the two species record similar values during the late Holocene. In contrast, O. universa records lower oxygen isotopic values during the late glacial/deglacial intervals, possibly due to differences in seasonal distribution or shell ontogeny between the two species.
A fine mapping of single nucleotide variants and haplotype analysis of IL13 gene in patients with Leishmania guyanensis-cutaneous leishmaniasis and plasma cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13

Introduction Leishmaniasis continues to pose a substantial health burden in 97 countries worldwide. The progression and outcome of Leishmania infection are influenced by various factors, including the cytokine milieu, the skin microbiota at the infection site, the specific Leishmania species involved, the genetic background of the host, and the parasite load. In endemic regions to leishmaniasis, only a fraction of individuals infected actually develops the disease. Overexpression of IL-13 in naturally resistant C57BL/6 mice renders them susceptible to L. major infection. Haplotypes constructed from several single nucleotide variant (SNV) along a chromosome fragment may provide insight into any SNV near the fragment that may be genuinely associated with a phenotype in genetic association studies. Methods We investigated nine SNVs (SNV1rs1881457A>C, SNV2rs1295687C>G, SNV3rs2069744C>T, SNV4rs2069747C>T, SNV5rs20541A>G, SNV6rs1295685A>G, SNV7rs848A>C, SNV8rs2069750G >C, and SNV9rs847T>C) spanning the entire IL13 gene in patients with L. guyanensis cutaneous leishmaniasis (Lg-CL). Results Our analysis did not reveal any significant association between the SNVs and susceptibility/protection against Lg-CL development. However, haplotype analysis, excluding SNV4rs2069747 and SNV8rs2069750 due to low minor allele frequency, revealed that carriers of the haplotype CCCTAAC had a 93% reduced likelihood developing Lg-CL. Similarly, the haplotypes ACCCGCT (ORadj=0.02 [95% CI 0.00–0.07]; p-value, 6.0×10−19) and AGCTAAC (ORadj=0.00[95% CI 0.00–0.00]; p-value 2.7×10−12) appeared to provide protection against the development of Lg-CL. Conversely, carriers of haplotype ACCTGCC have 190% increased likelihood of developing Lg-CL (ORadj=2.9 [95%CI 1.68–5.2]; p-value, 2.5×10−6). Similarly, haplotype ACCCAAT (ORadj=2.7 [95%CI 1.5–4.7]; p-value, 3.2×10−5) and haplotype AGCCGCC are associated with susceptibility to the development of Lg-CL (ORadj=1.7[95%CI 1.04–2.8]; p-value, 0.01). In our investigation, we also found a correlation between the genotypes of rs2069744, rs20541, rs1295685, rs847, and rs848 and plasma IL-5 levels among Lg-Cl patients. Furthermore, rs20541 showed a correlation with plasma IL-13 levels among Lg-Cl patients, while rs2069744 and rs848 showed a correlation with plasma IL-4 levels among the same group. Conclusions Overall, our study identifies three haplotypes of IL13 associated with resistance to disease development and three haplotypes linked to susceptibility. These findings suggest the possibility of a variant outside the gene region that may contribute, in conjunction with other genes, to differences in susceptibility and partially to the pathology.
Pompe disease: from pathophysiology to therapy and back again

Pompe disease is a lysosomal storage disorder in which acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) is deficient or absent. Deficiency of this lysosomal enzyme results in progressive expansion of glycogen-filled lysosomes in multiple tissues, with cardiac and skeletal muscle being the most severely affected. The clinical spectrum ranges from fatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and skeletal muscle myopathy in infants to relatively attenuated forms, which manifest as a progressive myopathy without cardiac involvement. The currently available enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) proved to be successful in reversing cardiac but not skeletal muscle abnormalities. Although the overall understanding of the disease has progressed, the pathophysiology of muscle damage remains poorly understood. Lysosomal enlargement/rupture has long been considered a mechanism of relentless muscle damage in Pompe disease. In past years, it became clear that this simple view of the pathology is inadequate; the pathological cascade involves dysfunctional autophagy, a major lysosome-dependent intracellular degradative pathway. The autophagic process in Pompe skeletal muscle is affected at the termination stage—impaired autophagosomal-lysosomal fusion. Yet another abnormality in the diseased muscle is the accelerated production of large, unrelated to ageing, lipofuscin deposits—a marker of cellular oxidative damage and a sign of mitochondrial dysfunction. The massive autophagic buildup and lipofuscin inclusions appear to cause a greater effect on muscle architecture than the enlarged lysosomes outside the autophagic regions. Furthermore, the dysfunctional autophagy affects the trafficking of the replacement enzyme and interferes with its delivery to the lysosomes. Several new therapeutic approaches have been tested in Pompe mouse models: substrate reduction therapy, lysosomal exocytosis following the overexpression of transcription factor EB and a closely related but distinct factor E3, and genetic manipulation of autophagy.
Design and modelling of a contact-less piezoelectric RF MEMS switch

Small, low power devices for manipulation of high frequency (above 10 GHz) signals are an enabling technology for improved communications and remote sensing equipment. MEMS devices for switching of microwave or millimetre wave signals show promise for applications in areas such as agile radio systems, reconfigurable tuning and matching networks, and phased arrays. The mechanical operating principle of MEMS switches allows these devices to achieve electrical performance (including linearity, isolation, and insertion loss) competitive with or in some cases exceeding that possible with semiconductor technology, in combination with small size and low power consumption. In applications where fast (microsecond) switching times are not required, at frequencies sufficiently high that semiconductor switches are challenging to design or lossy, MEMS technology has excellent potential. The technology of MEMS switches using electrostatic actuation and metal-to-metal or metal-to-dielectric contact has been extensively developed. Unfortunately, practical difficulties such as high actuation voltage, poor reliability, or poor power handling have proven hard to resolve, and the wider adoption of these devices has been delayed. It is therefore worthwhile to develop novel device designs that may be able to comprehensively avoid these issues. The aim of this project was to investigate and validate a concept for a piezoelectric contact-less MEMS switch. The device uses a variable capacitance principle, avoiding the need for contact during switching. Piezoelectric actuation allows high power handling to be achieved with a reasonable (predicted sub 25 V) actuation voltage. A comprehensive model for the mechanical and electrical behaviour of the device was developed. In order to inform the design of a high performance device, the effects of the structure, materials, and applied RF power were considered. Predictions from this model were compared with the results of finite element analysis. Static test structures were designed to validate the electrical performance model and
An Algebraic Proof of Barlet's Join Theorem

In this article we give an algebraic proof of Barlet's join theorem, using an improved version of an algorithm for computing the join that was presented in (J. Dalbec and B. Sturmfels,in“Invariant Methods in Discrete and Computational Geometry, Curacao, 1994,” pp. 37? 58, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 1995). The improvements in the algorithm consist of proving the correctness of the algorithm in large prime characteristics and giving explicit formulas for the functionsp(q,L) that were left unspecified in the original. The first three sections are largely expository; the fourth presents the modified algorithm and the proof of the main theorem. The last section gives an example of the algorithm; unfortunately, the complexity of the process makes it difficult to compute anything without resorting to tricky shortcuts, as we do in the example.
Investigation of the Performance and Kinetics of Anaerobic Digestion at 45°C

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion (AD) within the intermediate zone, specifically at 45°C. Single-stage batch anaerobic digestion system was developed in the lab and performance was monitored for more than 2 years. The AD system was able to achieve high biogas production with about 62% - 67% methane content. The digester exhibited high acetate accumulation, but sufficient buffering capacity was observed as the pH, alkalinity and volatile fatty acids-to-alkalinity ratio were within recommended values. The system achieved 36.5% reduction of total solids (TS) and 47.8% reduction of volatile solids (VS), which exceeded the required VS destruction efficiency for Class A biosolids. The pathogen counts were less than 1000 MPN/g total solids in the effluent, which also satisfied Class A biosolids requirements. The accumulation of acetate was presumably due to the high temperature which contributed to high hydrolysis rate. Consequently, it produced large amount of toxic salts that combined with the acetate, making them not readily available to be consumed by methanogens. The slower degradation of acetate was observed by the kinetic parameters. Accumulation of acetate contributed to 52% to 71% reduction in acetate degradation process, but was not completely inhibitory. The methanogens existing in the system were mostly thermo-tolerant acetate-utilizing methanogens, and specifically from Methanosarcinaceae species.
Re-naming, re-imagining America: multicultural curriculum as classification struggle

Abstract This article analyses conflict over multicultural education in the United States as an example of what Pierre Bourdieu terms ‘classification struggle’. By classification struggles, the author means struggles over those symbolic representations of social divisions that help to construct a hierarchical social order. In particular, following Bourdieu, efforts that ‘aim at retrospectively reconstructing a past fitted to the needs of the present’ are emphasised. Consequently, the author focuses particularly on contests over the reconstruction of United States history. To begin, he asks what is at stake in how a nation and its past are symbolically constructed. He then identifies specific ways in which multiculturalism engages in classification struggle and consider the nature of resistance to those efforts. Next, he illustrates limitations in multiculturalism's success in effecting changes in symbolic classification. Finally, he concludes by suggesting the implications of the analysis for answering the question ‘In what sense, can a curriculum be imagined as a national curriculum? ’
An Enhanced Approach for Face Recognition of Newborns using HMM and SVD Coefficients

ABSTRACT The problems of newborn’s abduction, mixing, swapping, etc. are increasing day-by-day. This problem has now reached a global aspect, as the consequences have now become critical. The researches performed to meet the challenge are very few. The growing problem motivated a need of sustainable system that can assist the hospital authorities and even the parents to keep a track of any newborn baby and his parents. The concept of biometric recognition has always proven to be a powerful tool when the identification of an individual comes into play. Therefore the face recognition among newborn is implemented in the proposed system. In order to deploy face recognition system for newborns, first a database is generated maintaining the images of a newborn and all the suspected parents. Matlab is used as a programming tool for the proposed work. The system trains the sample images of the parents using the HMM with a combination of SVD coefficients. The HMM and SVD models provided an approach to model a system that can develop a training sample of the image and can detect the image while any test sample is presented to the program. As a pre-processing method two-dimensional order static filtering is applied to the test images that improve the computational speed and accuracy of the system. Quantization SVD differentiates each image into a sequence of block and then each block of image is regarded as a numeric string. The HMM can effortlessly model the numeric block for training and recognition purpose. Matlab program generates a GUI that can train and recognize the image of a baby’s parent. The proposed system is user friendly and very quick in generating results. A fast and efficient system had been developed for the purpose of face recognition among the newborns
Histone Chaperone FACT Coordinates Nucleosome Interaction through Multiple Synergistic Binding Events*

Background: The histone chaperone FACT binds and reorganizes nucleosomes during critical cellular processes. Results: FACT binds histones, DNA, and mono- and tri-nucleosomes with high affinity. FACT reduces non-nucleosomal histone/DNA interactions. Conclusion: Multiple regions of FACT strategically bind target sites on nucleosomes to coordinate (dis)assembly. Significance: The thermodynamic parameters guiding multiple FACT/nucleosome interaction(s) coincide with reorganization events. In eukaryotic cells, DNA maintenance requires ordered disassembly and re-assembly of chromatin templates. These processes are highly regulated and require extrinsic factors such as chromatin remodelers and histone chaperones. The histone chaperone FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription) is a large heterodimeric complex with roles in transcription, replication, and repair. FACT promotes and subsequently restricts access to DNA as a result of dynamic nucleosome reorganization. However, until now, there lacked a truly quantitative assessment of the critical contacts mediating FACT function. Here, we demonstrate that FACT binds histones, DNA, and intact nucleosomes at nanomolar concentrations. We also determine roles for the histone tails in free histone and nucleosome binding by FACT. Furthermore, we propose that the conserved acidic C-terminal domain of the FACT subunit Spt16 actively displaces nucleosomal DNA to provide access to the histone octamer. Experiments with tri-nucleosome arrays indicate a possible mode for FACT binding within chromatin. Together, the data reveal that specific FACT subunits synchronize interactions with various target sites on individual nucleosomes to generate a high affinity binding event and promote reorganization.