Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal oxygen cycles and biological new production in surface waters of the subarctic Pacific Ocean

Seasonal cycles of oxygen, temperature and salinity at Ocean Weather Station P in the subarctic Pacific Ocean reveal a regular 4–6% supersaturation of oxygen in the surface waters during the summers of the 10-year period 1969–1978. The main processes causing super-saturation are surface water heating and the net effect of primary production and community respiration. The biological and heating signals are separated using a mixed layer model and estimates for the air-water gas exchange rate calculated from empirical correlations to wind speed. Biological new production during the summer (mid-May to mid-August) is estimated to be 100–300 mg C m−2 d−1. These values are within the range of independent estimates calculated from the summer nitrate depletion. There is a factor of 3 variation in the new production estimates during the period 1969–1978 with a minimum in 1973–1975. This trend is positively correlated with the interannual variation in zooplankton standing stock at station P.
Corporate Taxation and the Trade-Off Theory: A Dynamic Fixed Effects Approach

: The study focused predominantly on the validity test of the trade-off theory in the Nigerian context. In testing the validity of the test, the study sampled six (6) Deposit Money Banks listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2020. The study used fixed and dynamic approach to examining the trade-off theory. The method adopted was the fixed effect estimator and system generalized methods of moment. Theoretically, the trade-off theory suggests a positive impact of profitability and company size on financial leverage. The study measured financial leverage using ratio of total debt to total asset. The study found strong evidence for validation of the static trade off theory, indicating its practice in Nigeria. Notably, we found a positive and significant relationship between company size and financial leverage. Similarly, profitability has positive and significant effect on financial leverage. It was recommended that DMBs external source their finance if internal means are not sufficient to finance their operations.
Blue Wide�eld Images of Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope Can Detect Retinal Ischemic Areas in Eyes With Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. The retinal ischemic changes in DR need to be detected and treated appropriately to prevent further progression. At present, �uorescein angiography (FA) is the most commonly used method to detect the ischemic areas. We present our results that showed a practical method of detecting retinal ischemic area covering mid-peripheral retina by multicolor wide�eld scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) without �uorescein. Ninety patients with and 50 patients without diabetes mellitus were studied retrospectively. All had undergone multicolor wide�eld SLO imaging. Hypore�ective areas in blue image of SLO were found in the incidence of 76.6% in eyes with proliferative DR eyes. In a comparison of the hypore�ective areas of the blue SLO images to the non-perfused areas in the FA images, the appearance and the correspondence in the locations of these �ndings in the two types of images were found, and the incidence were highly concordant with Cohen kappa value of 0.785. The high concordance between the hypore�ective areas in the wide-eld blue SLO images and the NPAs in the FA images indicates that this method can be clinically useful to identify ischemic retinal areas in DR.
A Brainstorming Design: “Coffee Table Book as a Main Media and Other Supporting Medias for Promotion of Javanese Gamelan

The awareness of most Indonesian society about the importance of Javanese gamelan culture began to fade, the tendency towards modern foreign musical instruments is increasing. Promotional strategies that are widely used in social media are still not on target due to the limitations of most rural communities in using social media. Therefore, we need an appropriate method or tool to promote the traditional Javanese Gamelan. This study used sample of several gamelan home industries in Wirun Village, Sukoharjo Regency. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method, with literacy studies analysis and interviews following the anthropology of the target audience and comparisons of industry competitors in other regions. This study results a brainstorming design, the visual works that facilitates the sharing of information about Javanese gamelan in Wirun Village through a "coffee table book" as a main media and other supporting medias (such as logo, brosur, infographics, etc).
Transporting Functions across Ornaments

Programming with dependent types is a blessing and a curse. It is a blessing to be able to bake invariants into the definition of datatypes: we can finally write correct-by-construction software. However, this extreme accuracy is also a curse: a datatype is the combination of a structuring medium together with a special purpose logic. These domain-specific logics hamper any effort of code reuse among similarly structured data. In this paper, we exorcise our datatypes by adapting the notion of ornament to our universe of inductive families. We then show how code reuse can be achieved by ornamenting functions. Using these functional ornaments, we capture the relationship between functions such as the addition of natural numbers and the concatenation of lists. With this knowledge , we demonstrate how the implementation of the former informs the implementation of the latter: the user can ask the definition of addition to be lifted to lists and she will only be asked the details necessary to carry on adding lists rather than numbers. Our presentation is formalised in a type theory with a universe of datatypes and all our constructions have been implemented as generic programs, requiring no extension to the type theory.
Tools To Measure Dispersion Descriptors From Polymer Nanocomposites

MaterialsMine is a new open-source data resource with the goal of supporting faster nanocomposite and metamaterials discovery and design. One goal of MaterialsMine is to provide tools that help researchers gain a better fundamental understanding of nanofiller behavior. While it is well known that the dispersion of nanofillers in nanocomposites critically controls properties, there is limited quantitative data. This thesis develops a methodology for quantitatively measuring the dispersion of polymer nanocomposites quickly and within the MaterialsMine data framework. The method processes transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images from MaterialsMine. TEM images are first pre-processed and transformed into binary images. Then the binary images are processed by microstructure characterization algorithms such as correlation functions, physical descriptors, and spectral density functions to obtain critical dispersion features (such as interfacial area or average cluster size). We used the new tools to quantify about 100 images and incorporated the dispersion descriptors into MaterialsMine. We then developed correlations between materials properties and dispersion descriptors. The results obtained from the new methodology demonstrate consistent outcomes across various image processing methods. Moreover, the correlation analysis reveals a consistent relationship between AC breakdown strength and the average nearest cluster center distance.
Precis of: Foundations of Language: Brain, Meaning, Grammar, Evolution Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2002 (506 pp.)

Short abstract: The goal of this study to reintegrate the theory of generative grammar into the cognitive sciences. Generative grammar was correct to focus on the child's acquisition of language as its central problem, leading to the hypothesis of an innate Universal Grammar. However, generative grammar was mistaken to assume that the syntactic component is the sole course of combinatoriality, and that everything else is "interpretive. " The proper approach is a parallel architecture, in which phonology, syntax, and semantics are autonomous generative systems, linked by interface components. The parallel architecture leads to an integration within linguistics, and to a far better integration with the rest of cognitive neuroscience. It fits naturally into the larger architecture of the mind/brain and permits a properly mentalistic theory of semantics. It leads to a view of linguistic performance in which the rules of grammar are directly involved in processing. Finally, it leads to a natural account of the incremental evolution of the language capacity.
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies International Journal of Transpersonal Studies

Arts-based approaches to scholarly inquiry are becoming increasingly common in qualitative research. The research presented here examines the psychospiritual impact of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), and a spectrum of soul loss was identified including soul wounding, soul withering, soul shattering, soul flight, soul theft, and soul murder. Part of the data set consisted of 24 mandalas by participants and the researcher, as well as one integrative drawing based on the use of imaginal resonance . The art data permitted a depth of insight into the psychospiritual impact of sexual abuse that went beyond what had been provided by other data streams. As such, concurrent mandala-making and imaginal resonance may be fruitful transpersonal methods for future researchers.
Aviation obstacle auto-extraction using remote sensing information

An Obstacle, in the aviation context, may be any natural, man-made, fixed or movable object, permanent or temporary. Currently, the most common way to detect relevant aviation obstacles from an aircraft or helicopter for navigation purposes and collision avoidance is the use of merged infrared and synthetic information of obstacle data. Several algorithms have been established to utilize synthetic and infrared images to generate obstacle information. There might be a situation however where the system is error-prone and may not be able to consistently determine the current environment. This situation can be avoided when the system knows the true position of the obstacle. The quality characteristics of the obstacle data strongly depends on the quality of the source data such as maps and official publications. In some countries such as newly industrializing and developing countries, quality and quantity of obstacle information is not available. The aviation world has two specifications - RTCA DO-276A and ICAO ANNEX 15 Ch. 10 - which describe the requirements for aviation obstacles. It is essential to meet these requirements to be compliant with the specifications and to support systems based on these specifications, e.g. 3D obstacle warning systems where accurate coordinates based on WGS-84 is a necessity. Existing aerial and satellite or soon to exist high quality remote sensing data makes it feasible to think about automated aviation obstacle data origination. This paper will describe the feasibility to auto-extract aviation obstacles from remote sensing data considering limitations of image and extraction technologies. Quality parameters and possible resolution of auto-extracted obstacle data will be discussed and presented.
Extensive dolomitic volcanism through the Limagne Basin, central France: a new form of carbonatite activity

Abstract Recognition of widespread carbonate volcanism in central Spain has led to another case in France, of similar age (23-0 Ma) but with entirely new features. More than 100 new carbonate volcanoes are indicated already, adding a wholly unexpected dimension to this form of activity. Eruptions form layers, mostly of glassy nephelinite fragments in a dolomitic matrix, but some layers are largely dolomite. Major new findings are phenocrysts of dolomite, magnesite and calcite in silicate glass, and spectacular dolomite-nephelinite melt immiscibility, neither recorded previously. Most volcanic carbonatites are Ca rich, and dolomite is rare. The Limagne dolomites share links with those in Spain and Zambia, with chromite a hallmark in all three. Limagne is exceptional in being the first case where dolomite has erupted with co-genetic silicate melt. Mantle debris and magnesite indicate a source within ~100-150 km. Chromite in the dolomite globules, and in the enclosing silicate glass, is similar to that in high-temperature kimberlites, indicating immiscibility in the deep mantle. Recognition of two large, previously undetected provinces of carbonate volcanism in Europe, where there has been active research for >200 y, must lead to the inference that similar cases may await discovery on other continents.
A novel approach for predicting Alzheimer’s disease using machine learning on DNA methylation in blood

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an early stage of mental decline that can precede the development of AD. Oftentimes, the progression of MCI to AD is difficult to predict. An AD diagnosis can involve invasive brain scans and spinal fluid tests. However, one promising biomarker for the diagnosis of AD is epigenetic data, specifically the methylation level of cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites in the DNA. AD is linked to environmental factors, with some factors causing changes in these DNA methylation levels. We hypothesized that machine learning models can use blood DNA methylation levels, sex, and age to predict between cognitive normality, MCI, and AD with at least 50% accuracy. In this paper, we generated four machine learning models and two dataset dimensionality reduction methods in order to test this hypothesis. We trained the models on data from CpG sites from whole blood. When predicting if a patient would be cognitively normal, have MCI, or have AD, we achieved an accuracy of 53.33%, which is 20% greater than random guessing. We achieved this accuracy using a gradient boosting decision trees model in combination with a logistic regression method for feature selection. While this accuracy is low, the feature selection method that we developed may be useful in future research, as it identifies CpG sites that are most correlated with AD. Since peripheral blood is easily accessible through blood draw, our model represents a practical way to assist in the diagnosis of AD.
Authorisation in Context: Incorporating Context-Sensitivity into an Access Control Framework

With sensitive information about ourselves now distributed across personal devices, people need to make access control decisions for different contexts of use. However, despite advances in improving the usability of access control for both developers and users, we still lack insights about how the intentions behind policy decisions in different contexts of use are shaped. In this paper, we describe how context was incorporated into an access control framework using a study of how context influences access control decision making. We describe how the main recommendations arising from this study were used to build context into a policy editor for this access control framework.
Journal of Research in Educational

Introduction. Though different intervention patterns that parents use to employ for managing children behavior problems are known, it is not known whether they interact an how, configuring what can be considered as the family climate generated by the way in which children’ behavior is managed” (FCBM). Method. In this study, we developed a questionnaire that includes four kinds of patterns for coping with behavior problems: reasoning vs punishment, strategies due to parental stress, patience, and positive constructive strategies. The prevalence of and interaction among all these strategies are supposed to define the above-mentioned climate that, in this case, is assessed from the children’s perspective (FCBM-C). A total of 819 students completed the questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis and cross validation analysis, reliability, and path analysis with latent variables using children’s satisfaction as criterion were made. Results. Results support the hypotheses about the structure of the questionnaire, and about its predictive validity, and suggest the need to act on the components of FCBM-C when designing interventions to improve children behavior. Discussion and Conclusion. Results suggest that positive attitude and patience are the factors which most contribute to establish a positive family environment, in line with findings from other investigations. On the other hand, parental discipline strategies such as punishment or coercive strategies that contribute to increased stress are negatively realted to a positive family climate.
Circulation of Na, Cl, and Br in the tropical marine atmosphere

Concentrations of Na, Cl, Br, and I in aerosols and Cl, Br, and I in inorganic gases were measured in the marine atmosphere off the west African coast (∼0°N, ∼0°W) in June 1977 and used to estimate their mean lifetimes and rates of production. Mean concentrations (in micrograms per cubic meter) during an 8-day, stable, rain-free period of the voyage follows: for paniculate Na 4.0, Cl 5.3, Br 0.017, and 1 0.004; for inorganic gas Cl 1.0, Br 0.012, and 1 0.013. The results of a steady state analysis suggest a ∼3-day mean residence time for the marine aerosol during the period of our observations, a ∼667 μg m−2 d−1 loss rate of Cl (probably as HCl) from the marine aerosol, and a subsequent -day mean residence time in the marine atmosphere. A similar analysis for gaseous inorganic Br gave a μg m−2 d−1 mean loss rate from the marine aerosol and a ∼7-day mean residence time. Computed dry deposition coefficients were (in centimeters per second) ∼0.4 for the marine aerosol, ∼0.77 for gaseous inorganic Cl, and ∼0.24 for gaseous inorganic Br.
Atmospheric Water Vapor over China.

Abstract Chinese radiosonde data from 1970 to 1990 are relatively homogeneous in time and are used to examine the climatology, trends, and variability of China’s atmospheric water vapor content. The climatological distribution of precipitable water (PW) is primarily dependent on surface temperature. Influenced by the east Asia monsoon, China’s precipitable water exhibits very large seasonal variations. Station elevation is also a dominant factor affecting water vapor distribution in China. An increase (decrease) in precipitable water over China is associated with an increase (decrease) of precipitation in most regions. Increases in the percentage of PW relative to climatology are greater in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. Interannual variation and trends in precipitable water and surface temperature are closely correlated in China, confirming a positive “greenhouse” feedback. Interannual variations between precipitable water and precipitation are also significantly correlated.
Ancestral diversity improves discovery and fine-mapping of genetic loci for anthropometric traits - the Hispanic/Latino Anthropometry Consortium

Hispanic/Latinos have been underrepresented in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for anthropometric traits despite notable anthropometric variability with ancestry proportions, and a high burden of growth stunting and overweight/obesity in Hispanic/Latino populations. This address this knowledge gap, we analyzed densely-imputed genetic data in a sample of Hispanic/Latino adults, to identify and fine-map common genetic variants associated with body mass index (BMI), height, and BMI-adjusted waist-to-hip ratio (WHRadjBMI). We conducted a GWAS of 18 studies/consortia as part of the Hispanic/Latino Anthropometry (HISLA) Consortium (Stage 1, n=59,769) and validated our findings in 9 additional studies (HISLA Stage 2, n=9,336). We conducted a trans-ethnic GWAS with summary statistics from HISLA Stage 1 and existing consortia of European and African ancestries. In our HISLA Stage 1+2 analyses, we discovered one novel BMI locus, as well two novel BMI signals and another novel height signal, each within established anthropometric loci. In our trans-ethnic meta- analysis, we identified three additional novel BMI loci, one novel height locus, and one novel WHRadjBMI locus. We also identified three secondary signals for BMI, 28 for height, and two for WHRadjBMI. We replicated >60 established anthropometric loci in Hispanic/Latino populations at genome-wide significance—representing up to 30% of previously-reported index SNP anthropometric associations. Trans-ethnic meta-analysis of the three ancestries showed a small-to-moderate impact of uncorrected population stratification on the resulting effect size estimates. Our novel findings demonstrate that future studies may also benefit from leveraging differences in linkage disequilibrium patterns to discover novel loci and additional signals with less residual population stratification.
Seasonal variations of the transport of black carbon and carbon monoxide from the Asian continent to the western Pacific in the boundary layer

[1] Continuous in situ measurements of the mass concentration of black carbon (BC) aerosols and mixing ratio of carbon monoxide (CO) were made at Cape Hedo on Okinawa Island, Japan, a remote site located in the East China Sea, from March 2008 to May 2009. For the first time, we show temporal variations of BC and CO at Hedo in Asian outflows throughout the year. Annual average concentrations of BC and CO were 0.29 μg m−3 and 150 ppbv, respectively. The origins of the observed air masses were determined by using 5-day back trajectories, suggesting that about 51% of the air masses arriving at Hedo were from the Chinese region during spring and winter, while about 78% of air masses were of maritime origin during summer. Because of the more frequent transport of Chinese air to Hedo in spring and winter, the average and background concentrations of BC and CO in these seasons were higher by about a factor of 2 than those in summer and fall. Air masses from north China made the largest contributions to elevating the BC levels at Hedo because of the high BC emission rate and frequency of transport. The observed ΔBC/ΔCO ratio systematically decreased with the decrease in model-calculated transport efficiency (TEBCcal). On the basis of this result, we derive region-specific ΔBC/ΔCO ratios by selecting data with TEBCcal > 80%. The annually averaged ΔBC/ΔCO ratios for air originated from north and south China were 7.0 ± 3.3 and 7.5 ± 4.6 ng m−3 ppbv−1, respectively, about half the annual BC/CO emission ratio derived from the emission inventory of Zhang et al. (2009). We evaluate the CO emission inventory of Zhang et al. (2009) for China by comparing observed (ground-based and aircraft) and model-calculated CO values. The comparison indicates that the CO emissions from China were underestimated by about a factor of 2.