Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Actuator disk methods for tidal turbine arrays

Tidal stream energy presents challenges that will require the development of new engineering tools if designs are to harness this energy source effectively. At first glance one might imagine that tidal stream energy can be treated as wind with appropriate adjustment for fluid properties of water over air, and account taken of the harsher offshore environment; both waves and turbulence. However, it is now well accepted that the flow past turbines that are constrained by the local sea bed, sea surface, and possibly also neighbouring turbines and channel sides, will differ markedly from that of an ostensibly unblocked wind turbine. Garrett & Cummins (2007) were the first to demonstrate that operating a turbine in a nonnegligibly blocked flow passage presents a different flow solution and importantly a significant opportunity to enhance the power that can be delivered by blocked turbines with the limit of power extraction exceeding the Lanchester-Betz limit for operation of unblocked wind turbines by a factor (1 − B)−2 where B is the area blockage ratio of turbine to channel cross-section. Although it is impractical to array real turbines across the entire width of a channel it has been proposed to use short arrays of turbines making use of local constructive interference (blockage) effects; Nishino & Willden (2012) showed that although the phenomenal power limits of Garrett & Cummins are unobtainable in a real flow, a significant uplift in the limit of power extraction can be achieved for short fences of turbines arrayed normally to the flow in wide cross-section channels. However, it does not follow that rotors designed using unblocked wind turbine tools are capable of extracting any more power than they are designed for and hence the power uplift made available through blockage effects may be squandered. This thesis sets out to develop design tools to assist in the design of rotors in blocked environments that are designed to make use of the flow confinement effects and yield rotors capable of extracting some of the additional power on offer in blocked flow conditions. It is the pressure recovery condition used in wind turbine design that requires relaxation in blocked flow conditions and hence it is necessary to resort to
Onion Hybrid Seed Production: Relation with Nectar Composition and Flower Traits

Abstract Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the main vegetable crops. Pollinators are required for onion seed production, being honeybees the most used. Around the world, two types of onion varieties are grown: open pollinated (OP) and hybrids. Hybrids offer numerous advantages to growers, but usually have lower seed yields than OP cultivars, which in many cases compromise the success of new hybrids. As pollination is critical for seed set, understanding the role of floral rewards and attractants to pollinator species is the key to improve crop seed yield. In this study, the correlation of nectar-analyzed compounds, floral traits, and seed yield under open field conditions in two experimental sites was determined. Nectar composition was described through the analysis of sugars, phenol, and alkaloid compounds. Length and width of the style and tepals of the flowers were measured to describe floral traits. Floral and nectar traits showed differences among the studied lines. For nectar traits, we found a significant influence of the environment where plants were cultivated. Nonetheless, flower traits were not influenced by the experimental sites.The OP and the male-sterile lines (MSLs) showed differences in nectar chemical composition and floral traits. In addition, there were differences between and within MSLs, some of which were correlated with seed yield, bringing the opportunity to select the most productive MSL, using simple determinations of morphological characters like the length of the style or tepals size.
Statistical Considerations in the Development of Clinical Predictive Scores: Comment on the Article by Domsic et al

pulmonary fibrosis: over a 3-year follow-up. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2014;77:18–23. 5. Akagi T, Matsumoto T, Harada T, Tanaka M, Kuraki T, Fujita M, et al. Coexistent emphysema delays the decrease of vital capacity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Med 2009;103:1209–15. 6. Cottin V, Hansell DM, Sverzellati N, Weycker D, Antoniou KM, Atwood M, et al. Differences in FVC decline by extent of emphysema in patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) syndrome. Eur Respir J 2015;46 Suppl 59:OA4488. 7. Coghlan JG, Denton CP, Gr€ unig E, Bonderman D, Distler O, Khanna D, et al. Evidence-based detection of pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis: the DETECT study. Ann Rheum Dis 2014;73:1340–9. 8. Cottin V, Nunes H, Mouthon L, Gamondes D, Lazor R, Hachulla E, et al. Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome in connective tissue disease. Arthritis Rheum 2011;63:295–304. 9. Leuchte HH, Neurohr C, Baumgartner R, Holzapfel M, Giehrl W, Vogeser M, et al. Brain natriuretic peptide and exercise capacity in lung fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004;170:360–5. 10. Andersen C, Mellemkjaer S, Hilberg O, Bendstrup E. NTproBNP , 95 ng/l can exclude pulmonary hypertension on echocardiography at diagnostic workup in patients with interstitial lung disease. Eur Clin Respir J 2016. E-pub ahead of print. 11. Devaraj A, Wells AU, Meister MG, Corte TJ, Wort SJ, Hansell DM. Detection of pulmonary hypertension with multidetector CT and echocardiography alone and in combination. Radiology 2010; 254:609–16.
A Rapid Identification Guide for Larvae of the Most Common North American Container-Inhabiting Aedes Species of Medical Importance

Abstract Mosquitoes are the single most important taxon of arthropods affecting human health globally, and container-inhabiting Aedes are important vectors of arthropod-borne viruses. Desiccation-resistant eggs of container Aedes have facilitated their invasion into new areas, primarily through transportation via the international trade in used tires. The public health threat from an introduced exotic species into a new area is imminent, and proactive measures are needed to identify significant vectors before onset of epidemic disease. In many cases, vector control is the only means to combat exotic diseases. Accurate identification of vectors is crucial to initiate aggressive control measures; however, many vector control personnel are not properly trained to identify introduced species in new geographic areas. We provide updated geographical ranges and a rapid identification guide with detailed larval photographs of the most common container-inhabiting Aedes in North America. Our key includes 5 native species (Aedes atropalpus, Ae. epactius, Ae. hendersoni, Ae. sierrensis, Ae. triseriatus) and 3 invasive species (Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Ae. japonicus).
Bone Loss after Heart Transplant: Effect of Alendronate, Etidronate, Calcitonin, and Calcium plus Vitamin D3

Objective To compare the effects of calcitonin, etidronate, and alendronate in preventing bone loss during the first 2 years after heart transplant. Methods A total of 222 heart transplant recipients (mean [SD] age, 52.4 [10] years, 85% male) were evaluated. Patients with normal bone mineral density (reference group, n = 102) received 1000 mg/d calcium plus 800 IU/d vitamin D3. The rest were assigned to 200 IU/d of calcitonin (n = 42), 400 mg/d etidronate orally for 14 days quarterly (n = 33), or 10 mg/d alendronate (n = 45). All patients received calcium and vitamin D. Bone mineral density was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in the lumbar spine, the entire femur, and the femoral neck at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months after transplant. Results At 2 years after transplant, bone mineral density in the lumbar spine had decreased in the reference group (−3.07%), calcitonin group (−0.93%), and etidronate group (−1.87%) but not in the alendronate group (+4.9%; P < .001). After 2 years, bone mineral density in the entire femur decreased in all groups (−3.2% in the reference group, −3.6% in the calcitonin group, −4.6% in the etidronate group, and −0.5% in the alendronate group) but bone loss was significantly lower in the alendronate group (P < .001). Bone mineral density in the femoral neck also decreased in all groups. The incidence of vertebral fractures did not differ among groups. Adverse events were similar between groups. Conclusions Alendronate therapy in heart transplant recipients was associated with a significant increase in bone mineral density in the lumbar spine and less bone loss at the hip.
Embedding double starlike trees into hypercubes

A double starlike tree is a subdivision of a double star where the edge joining the central vertices is not subdivided. It was conjectured and subsequently proved by Kobeissi and Mollard [M. Kobeissi and M. Mollard, Spanning graphs of hypercubes: Starlike and double starlike trees, Discrete Math. 244 (2002), pp. 231–239; M. Kobeissi and M. Mollard, Disjoint cycles and spanning graphs of hypercubes, Discrete Math. 288 (2004), pp. 73–87]. that every equipartite double starlike tree on 2 n vertices with maximum degree at most n spans the hypercube of dimension n. In this note, we present an alternative and simple proof of this theorem using our results proved recently in Choudum et al. [S.A. Choudum, S. Lavanya and V. Sunitha, Disjoint paths in hypercubes with prescribed origins and lengths, Int. J. Comput. Math. 87 (2010), pp. 1692–1708].
Vascularization of Cytochrome Oxidase-Rich Blobs in the Primary Visual Cortex of Squirrel and Macaque Monkeys

The close correlation between energy supply by blood vessels and energy consumption by cellular processes in the brain is the basis of blood flow-related functional imaging techniques. Regional differences in vascular density can be detected using high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging. Therefore, inhomogeneities in vascularization might help to identify anatomically distinct areas noninvasively in vivo. It was reported previously that cytochrome oxidase-rich blobs in the striate cortex of squirrel monkeys are characterized by a notably higher vascular density (42% higher than interblob regions). However, blobs have so far never been identified in vivo on the basis of their vascular density. Here, we analyzed blobs of the primary visual cortex of squirrel monkeys and macaques with respect to the relationship between vascularization and cytochrome oxidase activity. By double staining with cytochrome oxidase enzyme histochemistry to define the blobs and collagen type IV immunohistochemistry to quantify the blood vessels, a close correlation between oxidative metabolism and vascularization was confirmed and quantified in detail. The vascular length density in cytochrome oxidase blobs was on average 4.5% higher than in the interblob regions, a difference almost one order of magnitude smaller than previously reported. Thus, the vascular density that is closely associated with local average metabolic activity is a structural equivalent of cerebral metabolism and blood flow. However, the quantitative differences in vascularization between blob and interblob regions are small and below the detectability threshold of the noninvasive hemodynamic imaging methods of today.
PNORMS: platonic derived normals for error bound compression

3D models of millions of triangles invariably repeatedly use the same 12-byte unit normals. Several bit-wise compression algorithms exist for efficient storage and progressive transmission and visualization of normal vectors. However such methods often incur a reconstruction time penalty which, in the absence of dedicated hardware acceleration, make real-time rendering with such compression/reconstruction methods prohibitive. In particular, several methods use a subdivided octahedron to create look-up normals, where the bit length of normal indices varies according to the number of subdivisions used. Not much attention has been given to the error in the normals using such schemes. We show that different Platonic solids create different amounts of normals for each subdivision or bit length in bit-wise compression terms, with different distributions and associated errors. In particular we show that subdividing the icosahedron gives a smaller maximum and mean error than its counterparts Platonic solids. This result has led us to create an alternative to bit-wise compression of normal ids for real-time rendering, where we use a x5 subdivided icosahedron to create 2.5 times more normals than a x5 subdivided octahedron, with less error, and exploit the advantages of absolute normal indices that do not require reconstruction at run-time, whilst still having memory savings of over 83% when using 2-byte indices.We present results using 2-byte indices for a target max error of 1.3° degrees and 4-byte for a max error of <0.1°. We present two hierarchical encoding methods, a fast method which allows one to dynamically encode large sets of modified triangles, useful for task, and a slower but more accurate method that caters for symmetry present in the subdivision solid being used. Different levels of a database allow for different cartoon like shading effects. The advantages of these databases are that they can be re-used for any object, and have studied bounds on the maximum errors of normals for yet to be known geometry such as new objects to be added to a scene. This error bound is also independent of the size and normal distribution of the object that we wish to add. In order to visualize the colour coding distribution of the errors in the normals of large models a simple 1-byte color encoding algorithm was developed.
Biotic Translocation of Phosphorus: The Role of Deer in Protected Areas

Biogeochemical cycles are cornerstones of biological evolution. Mature terrestrial ecosystems efficiently trap nutrients and certain ones are largely recycled internally. Preserving natural fluxes of nutrients is an important mission of protected areas, but artificially leaky systems remain common. Native red deer (Cervus elaphus) in the Swiss National Park (SNP) are known to reduce phosphorus (P) in preferred feeding sites by removing more P than is returned with feces. At larger scales it becomes apparent that losses are occurring due to seasonal deer movements out of the SNP where most deer end up perishing. Thus, the SNP contributes to producing deer which translocate P to sink areas outside the SNP due to several artificial factors. An adult female dying outside of SNP exports about 1.8 kg of P, whereas a male dying outside of SNP at 8 years of age exports 7.2 kg of P due also to annual shedding of antlers. Averaged over the vegetated part of the SNP, the about 2,000 deer export 0.32 kg/ha/yr of P. Other ungulate species using the SNP and dying principally outside of its borders would result in additional exports of P. Leakiness in this case is induced by: a) absence of the predator community and thus a lack of summer mortalities and absence of several relevant non-lethal predator effects, b) hunting-accelerated population turnover rate, and c) deaths outside of SNP principally from hunting. The estimated export rate for P compares to rates measured in extensive production systems which receive 10-50 kg/ha/yr of P as fertilizer to compensate the losses from biomass exports. Assumptions were made regarding red deer body weight or population turnover rate, yet substituting my estimates with actual values from the SNP would only affect somewhat the magnitude of the effect, but not its direction. The rate of P loss is a proxy for losses of other elements, the most critical ones being those not essential to autotrophs, but essential to heterotrophs. High deer turnover rates combined with accelerated biomass export warrants detailed mass balances of macro and micro nutrients, and studies of biogeochemical cycles in protected areas are essential if preserving natural processes is a mandate.
Measuring Faculty EAP Self-Efficacy for Super Global Purposes : Using Rasch to Establish a Hierarchy of Faculty Developmental Needs

文部科学省が創設した「スーパー・グローバル大学創生支援事業」のもと，各大学はこれまで行ってきた大学のグローバル化のための方策や取り組みを，より高い目標へと転換する必要に迫られている。 これまで，各大学において実施されてきたグローバル化を目指すための主要な取り組みは，留学生や外国人教員の増員，英語による授業の開講，教員や大学院生による国際学会発表や海外の学会誌への投稿の奨励などであった。 本研究では，日本のある主要大学の一学部において，大学のグローバル化を図る手段として実施された，学部構成員の学術英語に対する自己効力感の調査について述べる。 調査では，ラッシュ（Rasch, G. ）の方法論を用いて学部構成員の学術英語能力に関する喫緊の課題を特定し，学部は，その結果に基づいて一連のワークショップの企画に着手した。 本研究で提示した調査結果は，何をもって学部構成員が学術英語を使える／使えないと判断したかという点を含め，調査の過程と方法の両面において限界性を持つ。 また，大学全体を対象として同じ調査を展開する場合にも，改良する余地を残すと思われる。
Factors Influencing Feedback Receptivity

Plouviez, Michael J. M.S., Purdue University, May 2016. Factors Influencing Feedback Receptivity Behaviors. Major Professor: Corinne Novell. Current methods in assessing a person’s receptivity to feedback are inherently biased. First, these methods are founded upon differing assumptions about feedback availability. Feedback seeking, operationalized as effort toward acquiring feedback, assumes feedback must be actively sought, also thus assumes feedback is not imminent. Feedback avoidance, operationalized as effort toward delaying or avoid receipt of feedback, assumes feedback must be actively avoided, and thus also assumes feedback is imminent. Second, implicit in the methods’ definitions of effort toward or away from feedback is the assumption that feedback receptivity results from a motivated state rather than being influenced by default feedback availability. This research provides a more comprehensive account of feedback receptivity by systematically varying both motivations and feedback availability and examining their relative effects on receptivity. The data supported the influence of motivated factors on receptivity but failed to support the influence of defaulted feedback availability on receptivity. Further, coping resources, perceived utility, and perceived feedback recommendation influenced receptivity. These results may help managers leverage this knowledge to maximize feedback receptivity behaviors in the workplace.
Need-Fulfillment and Self-Expansion as Predictors of Marital Commitment Among Students

Background: A fundamental assumption for most romantic relationships is that of exclusivity, the belief that both partners are emotionally and sexually committed to each other solely. Objectives: This study attempted to examine the predictors of marital commitment by need-fulfillment and self-expansion among married students. Methods: A convenience-voluntary sample of 194 married-students took part in the study. They completed need-fulfillment measure, self-expansion questionnaire, and marital commitment inventory. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis by SPSS-PC (v.21). Results: Pearson correlation coefficients showed significant correlations between all the study variables. Multiple regression analysis revealed that need-fulfillment and self-expansion were predictors of marital commitment. Conclusions: Loyalty to spouse and family values, and the actualization of one’s potential gifts will lead to marital commitment.
Comparison of magnetic field observations of an average magnetic cloud with a simple force free model: the importance of field compression and expansion

Abstract. We investigate the ability of the cylindrically symmetric force-free magnetic cloud (MC) fitting model of Lepping et al. (1990) to faithfully reproduce actual magnetic field observations by examining two quantities: (1) a difference angle, called β, i.e., the angle between the direction of the observed magnetic field (Bobs) and the derived force free model field (Bmod) and (2) the difference in magnitudes between the observed and modeled fields, i.e., ΔB(=|Bobs|−|Bmod|), and a normalized ΔB (i.e., ΔB/ ) is also examined, all for a judiciously chosen set of 50 WIND interplanetary MCs, based on quality considerations. These three quantities are developed as a percent of MC duration and averaged over this set of MCs to obtain average profiles. It is found that, although and its normalize version are significantly enhanced (from a broad central average value) early in an average MC (and to a lesser extent also late in the MC), the angle is small (less than 8°) and approximately constant all throughout the MC. The field intensity enhancements are due mainly to interaction of the MC with the surrounding solar wind plasma causing field compression at front and rear. For example, for a typical MC, ΔB/ is: 0.21±0.27 very early in the MC, −0.11±0.10 at the center (and −0.085±0.12 averaged over the full "central region," i.e., for 30% to 80% of duration), and 0.05±0.29 very late in the MC, showing a double sign change as we travel from front to center to back, in the MC. When individual MCs are examined we find that over 80% of them possess field enhancements within several to many hours of the front boundary, but only about 30% show such enhancements at their rear portions. The enhancement of the MC's front field is also due to MC expansion, but this is usually a lesser effect compared to compression. It is expected that this compression is manifested as significant distortion to the MC's cross-section from the ideal circle, first suggested by Crooker et al. (1990), into a more elliptical/oval shape, as some global MC studies seem to confirm (e.g., Riley and Crooker, 2004) and apparently also as confirmed for local studies of MCs (e.g., Hidalgo et al., 2002; Nieves-Chinchilla et al., 2005).
On the Structure of Stress-Strain Relations for Time-Dependent Plastic Deformation in Metals

The paper is concerned with the structure of multiaxial stress-strain relations in timedependent metal plasticity, as for transient creep and rate sensitive yielding. First. a general kinematical relation is developed between the macroscopic inelastic strain tensor and microstructural slip displacements, as modeled either by continuum shearing on crystallographic planes of individual grains or by the motion of discrete dislocation lines. It is assumed that at any given slipped state, the rate of slipping on a particular system is governed by the resolved shear stress on that system (or by the local "forces" on dislocation lines). 'This leads to the primary result of the paper: Components of the macroscopic inelastic strain rate tensor are deriz! able, at each instant in the course of deformation, from a potential function of stress, General features of the flow potential surfaces in stress space are discussed, and some specific functional forms are examined, Linear viscoelasticity and tirre-independent plasticity are developed as limiting cases of the flow potential formulatic! , and the appropriateness of a potential function for stationary creep is discussed,