Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Manipulating thermal conductivity through substrate coupling

We report an approach to the thermal conductivity manipulation-substrate coupling. Generally, the phonon scattering with substrates can decrease the thermal conductivity, as observed in recent experiments. However, we find that at certain regions the coupling to substrates can increase the thermal conductivity due to a reduction of anharmonic phonon scattering induced by shift of the phonon band to the low wave vector. In this way, the thermal conductivity can be efficiently manipulated via coupling to different substrates, without changing or destroying the material structures. This idea is demonstrated by calculating the thermal conductivity of modified double-walled carbon nanotubes and also by the ice nanotubes coupled within carbon nanotubes.
Unsupervised Word Segmentation with BERT Oriented Probing and Transformation

Word Segmentation is a fundamental step for 001 understanding many languages. Previous neu-002 ral approaches for unsupervised Chinese Word 003 Segmentation (CWS) only exploit shallow se-004 mantic information, which can miss important 005 context. Large scale Pre-trained language mod-006 els (PLM) have achieved great success in many 007 areas.In this paper, we propose to take advan-008 tage of the deep semantic information embed-009 ded in PLM (e.g., BERT) with a self-training 010 manner, which iteratively probes and trans-011 forms the semantic information in PLM into 012 explicit word segmentation ability. Extensive 013 experiment results show that our proposed ap-014 proach achieves a state-of-the-art F1 score on 015 two CWS benchmark datasets. The proposed 016 method can also help understand low resource 017 languages and protect language diversity. 018
Guiding Principals For Eligibility Criteria On Alcoholic Liver Injury In Rehabilitation Centres: A Qualitative Study In Kenya

- AIM: United Nations Sustainable Development Goals with its 193 member states aimed to achieve reduced harmful alcohol use by year 2030. Among the key focal points were to develop alcohol care teams whose interest is to reduce acute admissions to hospitals that relate to alcohol, reduce mortality and improve on quality alcohol care. It is agreed that clinician’s multidisciplinary teams should be included to integrate alcohol related treatments across all primary, secondary and tertiary health institutions. The team should formulate and coordinate alcohol related policies in their countries. METHODS : During the in-depth interview, the voices of the participants were recorded using tape recorders. The recorded voices from indepth interviews were transcribed into verbatim using NVivo 12 software. The transcriptions were first read for familiarization and check for accuracy of the collected data. The qualitative data was grouped into different thematic, coding and indexing of similar statements was done. Emerging themes were analyzed and common statements included in the conclusion. Clearance was sort from the institutional Ethics Review Committee and the National Commission for Science and Technology. RESULTS: Clinicians who participated narrated of applying head to toe examination to categorize a client who is
Digging Errors in NMT: Evaluating and Understanding Model Errors from Hypothesis Distribution

Sound evaluation of a neural machine trans-001 lation (NMT) model is key to its understand-002 ing and improvement. Current evaluation of 003 an NMT system is usually built upon a heuris-004 tic decoding algorithm (e.g., beam search) and 005 an evaluation metric assessing similarity be-006 tween the translation and golden reference 007 (e.g., BLEU). However, this system-level eval-008 uation framework is prone to its evaluation 009 over only one best hypothesis and search er-010 rors brought by heuristic decoding algorithms. 011 To better understand NMT models, we pro-012 pose a novel evaluation protocol, which de-013 ﬁnes model errors with hypothesis distribution. 014 In particular, we ﬁrst propose an exact top-015 k decoding algorithm, which ﬁnds top-ranked 016 hypotheses in the whole hypothesis space and 017 avoids search errors. Then, we evaluate NMT 018 model errors with the distance between hy-019 pothesis distribution with the ideal distribution, 020 aiming for a comprehensive interpretation. We 021 apply our evaluation on various NMT bench-022 marks and model architectures to provide an 023 in-depth understanding of how NMT models 024 work. We show that the state-of-the-art Trans-025 former models are facing serious ranking er-026 rors and do not even outperform the random 027 chance level. We further provide several in-028 teresting ﬁndings over data-augmentation tech-029 niques, dropouts, and deep/wide models. Ad-030 ditionally, we analyze beam search’s lucky bi-031 ases and regularization terms. Interestingly, 032 we ﬁnd these lucky biases decrease when in-033 creasing model capacity. 034
Coherent choice functions without Archimedeanity

We study whether it is possible to generalise Seidenfeld et al.’s representation result for coherent choice functions in terms of sets of probability/utility pairs when we let go of Archimedeanity. We show that the convexity property is necessary but not suﬃcient for a choice function to be an inﬁmum of a class of lexicographic ones. For the special case of two-dimensional option spaces, we determine the necessary and suﬃcient conditions by weakening the Archimedean axiom.
Visual content classifier for cultural heritage repositories

This work presents a novel approach for the 001 automatic creation of an aligned image / text 002 training set for the generation of descriptions 003 of the visual content of artworks. To do this, 004 we develop a classification tool based on a mix 005 of heuristic rules and deep learning. This clas-006 sifier is able to identify statements that describe 007 visual art content, out of complex cultural her-008 itage text that contains a mix of many other 009 types of information on context, medium, au-010 thor, etc. Our results are very promising when 011 tested on texts from the Museo del Prado col-012 lections. 013
FinRL-Meta: Market Environments and Benchmarks for Data-Driven Financial Reinforcement Learning

Finance is a particularly difficult playground for deep reinforcement learning. However, establishing high-quality market environments and benchmarks for financial reinforcement learning is challenging due to three major factors, namely, low signal-to-noise ratio of financial data, survivorship bias of historical data, and model overfitting in the backtesting stage. In this paper, we present an openly accessible FinRL-Meta library that has been actively maintained by the AI4Finance community. First, following a DataOps paradigm, we will provide hundreds of market environments through an automatic pipeline that collects dynamic datasets from real-world markets and processes them into gym-style market environments. Second, we reproduce popular papers as stepping stones for users to design new trading strategies. We also deploy the library on cloud platforms so that users can visualize their own results and assess the relative performance via community-wise competitions. Third, FinRL-Meta provides tens of Jupyter/Python demos organized into a curriculum and a documentation website to serve the rapidly growing community. FinRL-Meta is available at: https://github.com/AI4Finance-Foundation/FinRL-Meta
A KPSS better than KPSS Rank tests for short memory stationarity

We propose a rank-test of the null hypothesis of short memory stationarity possibly after linear detrending. For the level-stationarity hypothesis, the test statistic we propose is a modified version of the popular KPSS statistic, in which ranks substitute the original observations. We prove that the rank KPSS statistic shares the same limiting distribution as the standard KPSS statistic under the null and diverges under I(1) alternatives. For the trend-stationarity hypothesis, we apply the same rank KPSS statistic to the residual of a Theil-Sen regression on a linear trend. We derive the asymptotic distribution of the Theil-Sen estimator under short memory errors and prove that the Theil-Sen detrended rank KPSS statistic shares the same weak limit as the least-squares detrended KPSS. We study the asymptotic relative efficiency of our test compared to the KPSS and prove that it may have unbounded efficiency gains under fat-tailed distributions compensated by very moderate efficiency losses under thin-tailed distributions. For this and other reasons discussed in the body of the article our rank KPSS test turns out to be an irresistible competitor of the KPSS for most real-world economic and financial applications. The weak convergence results and asymptotic representations proved in this article may have an interest on their own, as they extend to ranks analogous results widely used in unit-root econometrics.
Shape recovery performance of a (V, C)-containing Fe e Mn e Si e Ni e Cr shape memory alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion

In the present work, a Fe e Mn e Si shape memory alloy containing V and C has been fabricated by laser powder bed fusion for the ﬁrst time. A pronounced pseudo-elasticity compared to a similar alloy but conventionally manufactured is achieved after aging treatment, as a result of the ﬁne microstructure developed during the process and of the evaporation of Mn. The formation of high precipitate densities is also responsible for the improved thermo-mechanical properties. The size and density of precipitates signiﬁcantly vary with aging conditions and account for important variation in material ' s performance. A maximum pseudo-elasticity is observed in samples aged at 750 (cid:1) C for 6 h. The recovery strain upon unloading exceeds the values achieved in the conventionally manufactured alloy by more than 50%.
Super-additivity in communication of classical information through quantum channels from a quantum parameter estimation perspective

We point out a contrasting role the entanglement plays in communication and estimation scenarios. In the first case it brings noticeable benefits at the measurement stage (output super-additivity), whereas in the latter it is the entanglement of the input probes that enables significant performance enhancement (input super-additivity). We identify a weak estimation regime where a strong connection between concepts crucial to the two fields is demonstrated; the accessible information and the Holevo quantity on one side and the quantum Fisher information related quantities on the other. This allows us to shed new light on the problem of super-additivity in communication using the concepts of quantum estimation theory.
New Lattice-Based Broadcast Authentication Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

At present, wireless sensor networks have become one of the indispensable infrastructures in people’s lives. Considering the frequent mobility of wireless sensor network nodes, an efficient lattice-based random broadcast authentication protocol is proposed. The security of the proposed protocol is based on the SIS problem which helps to resist against quantum attacks. In this paper, we propose two forms of broadcast authentication, that is, one-to-many broadcast authentication and one-to-one broadcast authentication. The proposed protocol satisfies the broadcast authentication property. Moreover, the resistance against man in the middle attack, antireplay attack, unforgeability, and scalability properties are achieved. Moreover, its efficiency has certain advantages with other lattice-based studies.
Spectrometer Based on a VLS Grating for Diagnostics of a Vacuum-Ultraviolet Free Electron Laser

Photon beam diagnostics for vacuum-ultraviolet free electron lasers (VUV FEL) are critical to monitoring and understanding their performance characteristics. Due to the shot-to-shot fluctuations inherent in FELs based on the self amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) process, it is mandatory to use pulse-resolved diagnostics. We have designed a spectrograph based on a variable-line-spacing (VLS) plane grating and a phosphor/CCD to monitor single shot spectra of the free electron laser at DESY. The basic concept is to allow most of the beam to be reflected towards an experimental station while the first order light is dispersed and focused by the VLS grating onto the CCD. The spectrograph will cover the wavelength range 6.4-60 nm with the CCD accepting a bandwidth of ~10%. The grazing angle of incidence on the grating is 2o, the central line density is 1200 l/mm, and the distance grating-CCD is approximately 2 m. The linear variation of the grating line spacing combined with positioning the detector at the focal curve, allows zeroing the defocus in the full spectrograph wavelength range. The correction of higher order grating aberrations yields a theoretical resolving power greater than 20000 over the full length of the 20 mm CCD when the CCD is positioned tangent to the focal plane. Based on power considerations, a shallow blazed grating is the preferred profile. Efficiency calculations over the spectrograph range show that with a carbon coating the absolute efficiency for zeroth order is higher than 0.85 and the first order efficiency varies between 0.5% and 8%.
Mean-field dynamics of two-mode Bose–Einstein condensates in highly anisotropic potentials: interference, dimensionality and entanglement

We study the mean-field dynamics and the reduced-dimension character of two-mode Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) in highly anisotropic traps. By means of perturbative techniques, we show that the tightly confined (transverse) degrees of freedom can be decoupled from the dynamical equations at the expense of introducing additional effective three-body, attractive, intra- and inter-mode interactions into the dynamics of the loosely confined (longitudinal) degrees of freedom. These effective interactions are mediated by changes in the transverse wave function. The perturbation theory is valid as long as the nonlinear scattering energy is small compared to the transverse energy scales. This approach leads to reduced-dimension mean-field equations that optimally describe the evolution of a two-mode condensate in general quasi-one-dimensional (1D) and quasi-two-dimensional geometries. We use this model to investigate the relative phase and density dynamics of a two-mode, cigar-shaped 87Rb BEC. We study the relative-phase dynamics in the context of a nonlinear Ramsey interferometry scheme, which has recently been proposed as a novel platform for high-precision interferometry. Numerical integration of the coupled, time-dependent, three-dimensional, two-mode Gross–Pitaevskii equations for various atom numbers shows that this model gives a considerably more refined analytical account of the mean-field evolution than an idealized quasi-1D description.
First-order formalism for flat branes in generalized N -field models

This work deals with braneworld scenarios obtained from $N$ real scalar fields, whose dynamics is generalized to include higher-order power in the derivative of the fields. For the scalar fields being driven by nonstandard dynamics, we show how a first-order formalism can be obtained for a flat brane in the presence of several fields. We then illustrate our findings, investigating distinct potentials with one and two fields, and obtaining stable standard and compact solutions in the braneworld theory. In particular, we have found different models describing the very same warp factor.
Introduction According to the International Federation of Cerebral Palsy Football (CP Football Competition Rules, 2022), the football for athletes with cerebral palsy (CP) is a format of game played under the rules of the Football with some mo-

Background: Football for athletes with cerebral palsy (CP) also involves the functional classification of players based upon the degree and form of the athlete’s physical functionality. The aims of the cross-sectional study were: (a) to evaluate the validity of the side-stepping jump and split jump tests in CP football athletes and; (b) to analyse the differences in this ability between current functional classes; Methods: 60 Brazilian elite CP football athletes participated in this study. Each participant was eligible by the International Federation of Cerebral Palsy Football classes as: FT1, FT2 and FT3. In a test-retest design, the athletes performed the side-stepping jump and the split jump twice per session and were assessed by three different evaluators; Results: Both side-stepping and split jumps tests presented excellent objectivity, reproducibility and internal consistency with correlation values ranging from . 83 to . 96 (p<.001). The one-way ANOVA evidenced differences among the Classification groups for both tests: split jump (p= .019) and side-stepping jump (p= .004); Conclusions: These tests can be used in the new functional classification, contributing to an evidence-based classification of football for athletes with cerebral palsy.
Large-scale stable interacting dark energy model: Cosmological perturbations and observational constraints

Dark energy might interact with cold dark matter in a direct, nongravitational way. However, the usual interacting dark energy models (with constant w ) suffer from some catastrophic difficulties. For example, the Q ∝ ρ c model leads to an early-time large-scale instability, and the Q ∝ ρ de model gives rise to the future unphysical result for cold dark matter density (in the case of a positive coupling). In order to overcome these fatal flaws, we propose in this paper an interacting dark energy model (with constant w ) in which the interaction term is carefully designed to realize that Q ∝ ρ de at the early times and Q ∝ ρ c in the future, simultaneously solving the early-time superhorizon instability and future unphysical ρ c problems. The concrete form of the interaction term in this model is Q = 3 β H ρ de ρ c ρ de + ρ c , where β is the dimensionless coupling constant. We show that this model is actually equivalent to the decomposed new generalized Chaplygin gas (NGCG) model, with the relation β = - α w . We calculate the cosmological perturbations in this model in a gauge-invariant way and show that the cosmological perturbations are stable during the whole expansion history provided that β > 0 . Furthermore, we use the Planck data in conjunction with other astrophysical data to place stringent constraints on this model (with eight parameters), and we find that indeed β > 0 is supported by the joint constraint at more than 1 σ level. The excellent theoretical features and the support from observations all indicate that the decomposed NGCG model deserves more attention and further investigation.
Transition from regular to chaotic motion in black hole magnetospheres

Cosmic black holes can act as agents of particle acceleration. We study properties of a system consisting of a rotating black hole immersed in a large-scale organized magnetic field. Electrically charged particles in the immediate neighborhood of the horizon are influenced by strong gravity acting together with magnetic and induced electric components. We relax several constraints which were often imposed in previous works: the magnetic field does not have to share a common symmetry axis with the spin of the black hole but they can be inclined with respect to each other, thus violating the axial symmetry. Also, the black hole does not have to remain at rest but it can instead perform fast translational motion together with rotation. We demonstrate that the generalization brings new effects. Starting from uniform electro-vacuum fields in the curved spacetime, we find separatrices and identify magnetic neutral points forming in certain circumstances. We suggest that these structures can represent signatures of magnetic reconnection triggered by frame-dragging effects in the ergosphere. We further investigate the motion of charged particles in these black hole magnetospheres. We concentrate on the transition from the regular motion to chaos, and in this context we explore the characteristics of chaos in relativity. For the first time, we apply recurrence plots as a suitable technique to quantify the degree of chaoticness near a black hole.
ONE-COMPONENT SPHERICALLY SYMMETRIC MODEL OF A NON-NECROTIC TUMOR GROWTH

A spherically symmetric model for a non-necrotic vascularized tumor, proposed several years ago by Byrne and Chaplain (1995) (9), was reviewed and extended. The nutrient and inhibitor concentrations are satisfying reaction-diffusion equations, and the tumor radius is determined from a very simple integro-differential equation obtained from the balance of cell proliferation and cell death. The free inhibitor model is extended assuming a space dependence for the nutrient concentration in the vasculature (two distinct regions are considered, one near the surface with a higher concentration, and the rest of the tumor). It is a very simple generalization, which is taking into account a higher tumor angiogenesis factor near the tumor surface. The stationary state of this improved model is carefully investigated.
A treatise on the theory of screws

1. Twists and wrenches 2. The cylindroid 3. Reciprocal screws 4. Screw co-ordinates 5. The representation of the cylindroid by a circle 6. The equilibrium of a rigid body 7. The principal screws of inertia 8. The potential 9. Harmonic screws 10. Freedom of the first order 11. Freedom of the second order 12. Plane representation of dynamical problems concerning a body with two degrees of freedom 13. The geometry of the cylindroid 14. Freedom of the third order 15. The plane representation of freedom of the third order 16. Freedom of the fourth order 17. Freedom of the fifth order 18. Freedom of the sixth order 19. Homographic screw systems 20. Emanants and pitch invariants 21. Developments of the dynamical theory 22. The geometrical theory 23. Various exercises 24. The theory of screw-chains 25. The theory of permanent screws 26. An introduction to the theory of screws in non-Euclidian space Appendices Bibliographical notes Index.
Quasiparticle Berry curvature and Chern numbers in spin-orbit coupled bosonic Mott insulators

We study the ground-state topology and quasiparticle properties in bosonic Mott insulators with twodimensional spin-orbit couplings in cold atomic optical lattices. We show that the many-body Chern and spin-Chern number can be expressed as an integral of the quasihole Berry curvatures over the Brillouin zone. Using a strong-coupling perturbation theory, for an experimentally feasible spin-orbit coupling, we compute the Berry curvature and the spin Chern number and find that these quantities can be generated purely by interactions. We also compute the quasiparticle dispersions, spectral weights, and the quasimomentum space distribution of particle and spin density, which can be accessed in cold-atom experiments and used to deduce the Berry curvature and Chern numbers.