Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Affinity, conservation, and surface exposure of hemopexin-binding proteins in Haemophilus influenzae

Haemophilus influenzae can acquire heme from hemopexin for use as a source of both essential porphyrin and iron. In classical ligand-binding studies, we observed time-dependent, saturable, and displaceable binding of human 125I-labelled hemopexin to intact cells of H. influenzae type b (Hib) strain 760705 grown in an iron-restricted medium. From these experiments, which demonstrate that hemopexin associates with a single class of binding site, the affinities (Kds) and receptor numbers were calculated for heme-hemopexin (Kd, 205 nM; 3,200 receptors per cell) and apohemopexin (Kd, 392 nM; 4,400 receptors per cell). Thus, Hib expresses a specific hemopexin receptor which shows some preference for the heme-protein complex. Affinity chromatography on hemopexin-Sepharose 4B of detergent-solubilized membranes from Hib strain 760705 results in the copurification of three proteins with molecular masses of 57, 38, and 29 kDa. Trypsinization of whole cells of Hib 760705 abolishes hemopexin binding and correlates with the disappearance of the 57-kDa hemopexin-binding protein and appearance of a 52-kDa species which does not bind either hemopexin in ligand blot assays or a monoclonal antibody (MAbT11-30) raised against the 57-kDa protein. From immunoblotting assays and NH2-terminal amino acid sequence analysis, the 38-kDa protein isolated following hemopexin affinity chromatography was identified as the porin protein P2. These data, taken together with the receptor-binding studies which support a single class of hemopexin-binding site, suggest that P2 and the 29-kDa protein function as accessory proteins to the 57-kDa hemopexin-binding protein to facilitate the uptake of heme from receptor-bound hemopexin. To determine whether hemopexin binding and the 57-kDa protein are conserved in Haemophilus strains, whole-cell dot blots and immunoblots of the outer membrane proteins prepared from strains belonging to each of 21 different Hib outer membrane protein subtypes, six nontypeable strains, and five Haemophilus parainfluenzae strains were probed with either hemopexin or MAbT11-30. Only the H. parainfluenzae strains which lack the 57-kDa protein do not bind hemopexin. Since H. influenzae has also been shown to produce a soluble 100-kDa hemopexin-binding protein, cell-free culture supernatants were also examined for the presence of this protein. Apart from Hib 760705 and H. parainfluenzae, the 100-kDa hemopexin-binding protein was detected in all the other Haemophilus strains. The abilities of Hib 760705 to both bind and acquire heme from hemopexin without expressing a 100-kDa soluble hemopexin-binding protein show that in strain 760705, this 100-kDa protein is not essential for the utilization of heme from hemopexin.
The Developmental Pattern of Tomato Fruit Wax Accumulation and Its Impact on Cuticular Transpiration Barrier Properties: Effects of a Deficiency in a β-Ketoacyl-Coenzyme A Synthase (LeCER6)1[C]

Cuticular waxes play a pivotal role in limiting transpirational water loss across the primary plant surface. The astomatous fruits of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) ‘MicroTom’ and its lecer6 mutant, defective in a β-ketoacyl-coenzyme A synthase, which is involved in very-long-chain fatty acid elongation, were analyzed with respect to cuticular wax load and composition. The developmental course of fruit ripening was followed. Both the ‘MicroTom’ wild type and lecer6 mutant showed similar patterns of quantitative wax accumulation, although exhibiting considerably different water permeances. With the exception of immature green fruits, the lecer6 mutant exhibited about 3- to 8-fold increased water loss per unit time and fruit surface area when compared to the wild type. This was not the case with immature green fruits. The differences in final cuticular barrier properties of tomato fruits in both lines were fully developed already in the mature green to early breaker stage of fruit development. When the qualitative chemical composition of fruit cuticular waxes during fruit ripening was investigated, the deficiency in a β-ketoacyl-coenzyme A synthase in the lecer6 mutant became discernible in the stage of mature green fruits mainly by a distinct decrease in the proportion of n-alkanes of chain lengths > C28 and a concomitant increase in cyclic triterpenoids. This shift in cuticular wax biosynthesis of the lecer6 mutant appears to be responsible for the simultaneously occurring increase of water permeance. Changes in cutin composition were also investigated as a function of developmental stage. This integrative functional approach demonstrates a direct relationship between cuticular transpiration barrier properties and distinct chemical modifications in cuticular wax composition during the course of tomato fruit development.
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole: an assessment of more than 12 years of use.

A. Acute Toxicity 204 B. Chronic Toxicity 204 C. Teratogenicity 205 D. Chromosome Studies 205 E. Carcinogenicity 205 F. Immunosuppression 205 G. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency 205 H. Folate Deficiency 205
UWB planar monopole antenna with stable radiation pattern and low transient distortion

In this study, an ultra-wideband (UWB) microstrip-fed planar monopole antenna with stable radiation pattern is presented. The antenna structure consists of a circular disk as a radiator element and a rectangular ground plane. The antenna is fed by a microstrip line. Although small size and simplicity of planar antennas made them a good candidate for UWB application, they usually suffer from radiation pattern rotation in different frequencies. This effect can be alleviated using some compensating current distribution. To create the desired current distribution, a metallic staircase plane is placed in bottom layer of substrate. Results show that antenna has a stable broadside radiation pattern in 3.1–10GHz frequency band. A new definition of pattern stability factor (PSFII) is proposed which is proper for both of directional and omnidirectional radiation patterns. Calculated PSFII is higher than 95% which shows a stable radiation pattern of proposed antenna. Furthermore, the fidelity factor of radiated pulse in the main beam direction is higher than 95% which indicate low transient distortion.
Effect of Bandwidth of Low Level Radio Frequency System on the Instability of an Electron Beam

The analog Low Level Radio Frequency (LLRF) system is used at Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) RF system. It is composed of three feedback loops to control the amplitude and phase of accelerating field and the frequency of RF cavity. Instability of electron beam and accelerating field due to the bandwidth of LLRF system were observed during the TPS commissioning. This effect was studied and the results would be presented in this paper. INTRODUCTION Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) is a modern light source with 3 GeV electron energy located in NSRRC, Taiwan [1]. There were two phases for the TPS commissioning. The phase I commissioning, which was done in the end of March 2015 with maximum stored beam current of 100 mA, was operated with 5-cells Petra cavities and without insertion devices. The phase II commissioning started in the third quarter of 2015 with two superconducting RF (SRF) cavities and 10 sets of insertion devices. Figure 1: The block diagram for the LLRF system. The analog Low Level Radio Frequency (LLRF) system is used at TPS RF system. It is composed of three feedback loops to control the amplitude and phase of accelerating field and the frequency of RF cavity. Figure 1 shows the block diagram for the LLRF system of TPS. The initial designed bandwidth of the gap voltage controller of the amplitude loop is about 7.2 kHz. With this bandwidth, the instability of electron beam at about 20 mA was observed during phase I commissioning with two Petra cavities operated at 1200 kV. The maximum stored beam current could not exceed about 25 mA. After reducing the bandwidth of amplitude loop to 720 Hz, the longitudinal instability was observed at about 80 mA and the stored beam current could reach designed goal of 100 mA [2]. For the phase II commissioning, the bandwidth of the gap voltage controller was further reduced to 596 Hz, and the stored beam current reached 520 mA at the end of December 2015 with two SRF cavity operated at 1400 kV. However, the beam processing was needed for the RF coupler every week due to the heavy gas loading [3]. During the beam processing, the beam current was fixed at certain level and then the gap voltage was decreased. The instability of LLRF system was observed during beam processing. A small signal model for the beam-cavity interaction with feedback loop [4] was used to analyse the effect of bandwidth of LLRF system on the instability of RF system. The model and the results are presented in the following sections. PEDERSEN MODEL The Pedersen model with feedback loops was used to simulate the instability of RF system for a given steady state condition, as shown in Fig 2. It describes the transmissions from small modulations of beam current and generator current to the cavity voltage, for both amplitude and phase. Due to the slow response of tuner loop, only amplitude and phase loop were considered in the simulation. Transfer Functions in the Pedersen Model The transfer functions from the total current to the cavity voltage are given by [4]: } ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( { 2 1 ) ( ) (
A Privacy-Preserving and Verifiable Statistical Analysis Scheme for an E-Commerce Platform

To know the most recent market conditions, an e-commerce platform needs to be aware of the sales situation of its sellers’ commodities. The most recent market conditions can help to forecast future market trends and develop policies to guide sellers in reasonably allocating their inventory proportion. Statistical analysis is a fundamental approach to studying the sales situation. However, the sales data of an e-commerce platform usually has a significant volume. Therefore, outsourcing statistical analysis to cloud servers is an effective method. Nevertheless, sellers do not want their sales data leaked to anyone or any other organization. Moreover, in many circumstances, we cannot fully trust cloud servers. Thus, we need to utilize cryptographic or non-cryptographic tools to realize the above outsourcing. Secret sharing is a lightweight and powerful non-cryptographic tool to realize privacy-preserving data analysis. However, it needs secure channels to distribute secret shares. On the other hand, homomorphic encryption is a powerful cryptographic tool for designing privacy-preserving data analysis schemes. Nevertheless, these schemes usually do not allow the entity that holds the decryption key to collude with other entities. We propose a privacy-preserving and verifiable statistical analysis scheme for an e-commerce platform that combines a threshold secret sharing scheme with a verifiable threshold homomorphic encryption scheme. Our solution’s demand for secure channels is reduced by $40\%\sim 60\%$ compared with a traditional threshold secret sharing scheme, thanking the designed novel distribution model for delivering secret shares. Furthermore, our solution has a stronger ability to resist collusive attacks, keep sales data private from any entity, and ensure that the platform can only obtain the analysis results with the help of some cloud servers, alleviating the single point of trust. And meanwhile, the novel distributed model makes our solution enjoy better robustness and fault tolerance. The proposed solution is validated through security analyses, performance evaluations, and comparison analyses.
IMMEDIATE EFFECT OF MOBILIZATION ON PAIN AND OVERHEAD REACH INPATIENTS WITH SHOULDER IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME.

Ibrahim A. Alwesaly 1,2 and Mohammed S. Abdelsalam 2,3 . 1. Aramco John Hopkins hospital, Dammam, KSA. 2. Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, KSA. 3. Department of Physical Therapy for Musculoskeletal disorders and its Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History Received: 04 December 2018 Final Accepted: 06 January 2019 Published: February 2019
Recent and historical climate variability effects on the population dynamics of several marine species

Las fluctuaciones en la abundancia de los recursos pesqueros han sido ampliamente estudiadas debido al interes economico que estos tienen y sus repercusiones ecologicas, y se sabe que el ambiente les acfecta en multitud de escalas temporales. Al margen de todos los factores fisicos, quimicos y biologicos que pueden condicionar a las distintas poblaciones, la temperatura ha resultado ser el parametro clave mejor estudiado ya que afecta al metabolismo y comportamiento de las especies, en concreto de los poiquilotermos; y porque es una de las variables mas faciles de medir. Sin embargo, los resultados de esta Tesis revelan que es importante considerar la temperatura como un factor intermedio que controla la dinamica poblacional de los ecosistemas marinos, pero evidenciando que existen otros factores climaticos predominantes. Para tener un mayor conocimiento a cerca de que factores climaticos controlan la temperatura, hay que tener en cuenta una perspectiva historica. Se concluye que la actividad solar, principalmente los periodos de minimos, juegan un papel fundamental en las fluctuaciones de los ecosistemas. Para ver la relacion existente entre las variables de larga escala y los ecosistemas, son necesarias series temporales largas y completas para que los analisis estadisticos sean mas precisos. La reconstruccion de series climaticas y biologicas es un instrumento fundamental para comprender lo que sucedio en el pasado y entender lo que esta ocurriendo hoy. El presente trabajo es un paso mas en la comprension de como diferentes variables climaticas afectan de diferente forma y en distintas escalas temporales, a los diversos organismos marinos.
Free Markets and Food Riots: The Politics of Global Adjustment

List of Tables. Acknowledgements. Part I: Introduction:. 1. Global Adjustment. 2. Food Riots Past and Present. Part II: Case Studies:. 3. Fighting for Survival: Womena s Responses to Austerity Programs. 4. Latin America: Popular Protest and the State. 5. Economic Adjustment and Democratization in Africa. 6. The Middle East and North Africa. 7. The Asian Debt Crisis: Structural Adjustment and Popular Protest in India. 8. Explaining Sri Lankaa s Exceptionalism: Popular Responses to Welfarism and the a Open Economya . 9. The Politics of Economic Reform in Central and Eastern Europe. Part III: Conclusion:. 10. Debt Crisis and Democratic Transition. Bibliography. Index.
Modeling dynamics of complex wireless networks

In this paper, we present a unified model for the analysis of a number of wireless network characteristics leading to the existence of uncertain links. The probabilistic characterization of the link uncertainty enables the random graph representation of the network topology and use of existing tools of complex networks in the system analysis. In the analysis, the multi-hop concept is adopted to model future networks with dense user population and enable mobile to mobile (m2m) connections. The potential users acting as relays may belong to different operators and as such may or may not want to cooperate. Consequently, the existence of those links will be uncertain. Some subareas of the cell will be covered by other technologies such as femto cell or WLAN enabling the possibility for the cellular system to offload the traffic. The existence of those links depends on the relaying distance and coverage of the WLAN, as well as the cooperation agreement between the operators. Our model includes also the possibility to consider green networks where the link uncertainty results from the effort to prevent the radiations from the terminal towards the user. In addition, security requirements may not accept every available relay. For this reason, the existence of the link, even when physically present, will be also uncertain. In such a complex network, cognitive links are also available with limited certainty due to unpredictable activity of the primary user. The uncertain and time varying existence of the links and nodes results into a Dynamic Network Architecture (DNA). AU these characteristics of the network are incorporated in a unified model enabling a tractable analysis of the overall system performance.
Poor livestock keepers: ecosystem–poverty–health interactions

Humans have never been healthier, wealthier or more numerous. Yet, present success may be at the cost of future prosperity and in some places, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, poverty persists. Livestock keepers, especially pastoralists, are over-represented among the poor. Poverty has been mainly attributed to a lack of access, whether to goods, education or enabling institutions. More recent insights suggest ecosystems may influence poverty and the self-reinforcing mechanisms that constitute poverty traps in more subtle ways. The plausibility of zoonoses as poverty traps is strengthened by landmark studies on disease burden in recent years. While in theory, endemic zoonoses are best controlled in the animal host, in practice, communities are often left to manage disease themselves, with the focus on treatment rather than prevention. We illustrate this with results from a survey on health costs in a pastoral ecosystem. Epidemic zoonoses are more likely to elicit official responses, but these can have unintended consequences that deepen poverty traps. In this context, a systems understanding of disease control can lead to more effective and pro-poor disease management. We illustrate this with an example of how a system dynamics model can help optimize responses to Rift Valley fever outbreaks in Kenya by giving decision makers real-time access to the costs of the delay in vaccinating. In conclusion, a broader, more ecological understanding of poverty and of the appropriate responses to the diseases of poverty can contribute to improved livelihoods for livestock keepers in Africa. This article is part of the themed issue ‘One Health for a changing world: zoonoses, ecosystems and human well-being’.
On the Approximation Ratio of Greedy Parsings

Shannon’s entropy is a clear lower bound for statistical compression. The situation is not so well understood for dictionary-based compression. A plausible lower bound is b, the least number of phrases of a general bidirectional parse of a text, where phrases can be copied from anywhere else in the text. Since computing b is NP-complete, a popular gold standard is z, the number of phrases in the Lempel-Ziv parse of the text, which is the optimal one when phrases can be copied only from the left. While z can be computed in linear time with a greedy algorithm, almost nothing has been known for decades about its approximation ratio with respect to b. In this paper we prove that z = O(b log(n/b)), where n is the text length. We also show that the bound is tight as a function of n, by exhibiting a string family where z = Ω(b logn). Our upper bound is obtained by building a run-length context-free grammar based on a locally consistent parsing of the text. Our lower bound is obtained by relating b with r, the number of equal-letter runs in the Burrows-Wheeler transform of the text. We proceed by observing that Lempel-Ziv is just one particular case of greedy parse, and introduce a new parse where phrases can only be copied from lexicographically smaller text locations. We prove that the size v of the smallest parse of this kind has properties similar to z, including the same approximation ratio with respect to b. Interestingly, we also show that v = O(r), whereas r = o(z) holds on some particular classes of strings. On our way, we prove other relevant bounds between compressibility measures.
An Emotional Perspective on Political Attack Advertising

Political pundits on both sides of the aisle agree America is in a profound political crisis, bigger than Vietnam or Watergate. This “mess,” however, did not begin with the most recent “wretched, dishonest and manipulative” presidential campaign, but it was this election that made “a lot of Americans decide they no longer wished” to be engaged on any level with politics. (Silverglate, 2017). On average, less than 55% of the American voting-age population votes. Trust in the Federal Government is significantly below historical averages, reaching an unparalleled low of 18%. It is not only a time of political crisis but unprecedented political disengagement. Previous political research has noted a negative correlation between political attack ads and trust in government. Findings are contradictive on the impact of political attack ads on voting intentions. We make a distinction between emotional versus rational processing of political attack ads. Specifically, we propose that political attack ads can evoke a disgust response. The emotion of disgust is a revulsion response that elicits a strong motivation to withdraw, avoid and reject the offensive object (Rozin et al. 1999). This research hypothesizes that when political attack ads are processed emotionally, (H1) the disgust response will occur leading to avoidance and to withdrawal. This will ultimately result in (H2) decreased voting intentions, (H3) decreased trust in government, and (H4) decreased political aspirations. The hypotheses are tested in two studies. Study 1 primes rational or emotional processing of the same political attack ads and finds emotional processing to lead to a disgust response. In line with the disgust response of avoidance and withdrawal, participants in the emotional condition report a decrease in voting intentions, trust in government, and political aspirations. The means from Study 1 are reported in the table below and are reflective of the findings in both studies. In Study 2, the emotion versus rational prime is embedded into an ad advocating political engagement. As in Study 1, participants in the emotion prime condition self-report feelings of disgust as well as decreased voting intentions, decreased trust in government, and decreased political aspirations as compared to participants in the rational condition. Embedding the prime into an ad suggests a way non-profits such as The League of Women Voters or Get out the Vote can mitigate the dampening of political involvement.