Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The survival and growth of honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies overwintered in cold storage: the effects of time and colony location

For over a decade, high percentages of honey bee colonies have been perishing during the winter creating economic hardship to beekeepers and growers of early-season crops requiring pollination. A way to reduce colony losses might be moving hives into cold storage facilities for the winter. We explored factors that could affect the size and survival of colonies overwintered in cold storage and then used for almond pollination. The factors were when hives were put into cold storage and their location prior to overwintering. We found that colonies summered in North Dakota, USA and moved to cold storage in October were larger after cold storage and almond pollination than those moved in November. Colony location prior to overwintering also affected size and survival. Colonies summered in southern Texas, USA and moved to cold storage in November were smaller after cold storage and almond pollination than those from North Dakota. The colonies also were smaller than those overwintered in Texas apiaries. Fat body metrics of bees entering cold storage differed between summer locations. North Dakota bees had higher lipid and lower protein concentrations than Texas bees. While in cold storage, fat bodies gained weight, protein concentrations increased, and lipids decreased. The decrease in lipid concentrations was correlated with the amount of brood reared while colonies were in cold storage. Our study indicates that in northern latitudes, overwintering survival might be affected by when colonies are put into cold storage and that colonies summered in southern latitudes should be overwintered there.
Silicene and Germanene: A First Principle Study of Electronic Structure and Effect of Hydrogenation-Passivation

Department of Physics, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT), Bhopal 462051, IndiaUsing ﬁrst principle calculations we have explored the structural and electronic properties of silicene(silicon analogue of graphene) and germanene (germanium analogue of graphene). The structuraloptimization reveals that buckled silicene and germanene are more stable than their planar counter-parts by about 0.1 and 0.35 eV respectively. In comparison to planar graphene (buckling parameter =0 A) the germanium sheet is buckled by 0.737 A and silicene by 0.537 A but both have similarelectronic structure with zero band gap at K point as that of graphene. Further we investigated theeffects of complete hydrogenation on these materials by considering different geometrical conﬁg-urations (chair, boat, table and stirrup) and found that chair-like structure has the highest bindingenergy per atom in comparison to other structures. Hydrogenated silicene (silicane) shows an indi-rect band gap of 2.23 eV while hydrogenated germanene (germanane) possess a direct band gapof 1.8 eV.
Pharmacological Interventions for Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: An Umbrella Review

Abstract There is still a lack of high-quality evidence-based studies on the efficacy of drug treatment for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). The purpose of this umbrella review is to comprehensively evaluate the existing evidence to determine the efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for GIOP. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses (SRs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed at evaluating drug therapy for GIOP. Both the methodological quality and the strength of recommendation of the endpoints included in the SRs were evaluated by using the AMSTAR-2 tool and GRADE system, respectively. Six SRs involving 7225 GIOP patients in 59 RCTs were included in this umbrella review. The results of the methodological quality evaluation showed that 2 high-quality, 2 low-quality and 2 critically low-quality SRs were included. The GRADE evaluation results showed that the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendation of 46 outcome indicators were evaluated in the umbrella review; there were 3 with high-level evidence, 20 with moderate-level evidence, 15 with low-level evidence, and 8 with very low-level evidence. Moderate- to high-level evidence suggests that teriparatide, bisphosphonates, and denosumab can improve the bone mineral density in patients with GIOP. The findings of this umbrella review can enable patients and clinical healthcare professionals to choose the best drug prescription.
Development of a Systems Medicine Approach to Spinal Cord Injury

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes a sudden onset multi-system disease, permanently altering homeostasis with multiple complications. Consequences include aberrant neuronal circuits, multiple organ system dysfunctions, and chronic phenotypes such as neuropathic pain and metabolic syndrome. Reductionist approaches are used to classify SCI patients based on residual neurological function. Still, recovery varies due to interacting variables, including individual biology, comorbidities, complications, therapeutic side effects, and socioeconomic influences for which data integration methods are lacking. Infections, pressure sores, and heterotopic ossification are known recovery modifiers. However, the molecular pathobiology of the disease-modifying factors altering the neurological recovery-chronic syndrome trajectory is mainly unknown, with significant data gaps between intensive early treatment and chronic phases. Changes in organ function such as gut dysbiosis, adrenal dysregulation, fatty liver, muscle loss, and autonomic dysregulation disrupt homeostasis, generating progression-driving allostatic load. Interactions between interdependent systems produce emergent effects, such as resilience, that preclude single mechanism interpretations. Due to many interacting variables in individuals, substantiating the effects of treatments to improve neurological outcomes is difficult. Acute injury outcome predictors, including blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, neuroimaging signal changes, and autonomic system abnormalities, often do not predict chronic SCI syndrome phenotypes. In systems medicine, network analysis of bioinformatics data is used to derive molecular control modules. To better understand the evolution from acute SCI to chronic SCI multi-system states, we propose a topological phenotype framework integrating bioinformatics, physiological data, and allostatic load tested against accepted established recovery metrics. This form of correlational phenotyping may reveal critical nodal points for intervention to improve recovery trajectories. This study examines the limitations of current classifications of SCI and how these can evolve through systems medicine.
Local Geometric Transformations in Image Analysis

The characterization of images by geometric features facilitates the precise analysis of the structures found in biological micrographs such as cells, proteins, or tissues. In this thesis, we study image representations that are adapted to local geometric transformations such as rotation, translation, and scaling, with a special emphasis on wavelet representations. In the first part of the thesis, our main interest is in the analysis of directional patterns and the estimation of their location and orientation. We explore steerable representations that correspond to the notion of rotation. Contrarily to classical pattern matching techniques, they have no need for an a priori discretization of the angle and for matching the filter to the image at each discretized direction. Instead, it is sufficient to apply the filtering only once. Then, the rotated filter for any arbitrary angle can be determined by a systematic and linear transformation of the initial filter. We derive the Cramer-Rao bounds for steerable filters. They allow us to select the best harmonics for the design of steerable detectors and to identify their optimal radial profile. We propose several ways to construct optimal representations and to build powerful and effective detector schemes; in particular, junctions of coinciding branches with local orientations. The basic idea of local transformability and the general principles that we utilize to design steerable wavelets can be applied to other geometric transformations. Accordingly, in the second part, we extend our framework to other transformation groups, with a particular interest in scaling. To construct representations in tune with a notion of local scale, we identify the possible solutions for scalable functions and give specific criteria for their applicability to wavelet schemes. Finally, we propose discrete wavelet frames that approximate a continuous wavelet transform. Based on these results, we present a novel wavelet-based image-analysis software that provides a fast and automatic detection of circular patterns, combined with a precise estimation of their size.
Effectiveness of Telehealth Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs on Health Outcomes of Patients With Coronary Heart Diseases

This is an umbrella review summarizing the evidence from existing systematic reviews of telehealth cardiac rehabilitation on health outcomes of patients with coronary heart disease. Findings to the health outcomes remained inconclusive, except solid evidence was found in the significant improvement in physical activity levels and behaviors from telehealth interventions. Purpose: The aim of this study was to conduct an umbrella review summarizing the evidence from existing systematic reviews of telehealth cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on health outcomes of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Review Methods: An umbrella review of systematic reviews was undertaken in accordance with the PRISMA and JBI guidelines. A systematic search was conducted in Medline, APA PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane database of systematic reviews, JBI evidence synthesis, Epistemonikos, and PROSPERO, searching for systematic reviews published from 1990 to current and was limited to the language source of English and Chinese. Outcomes of interest were health behaviors and modifiable CHD risk factors, psychosocial outcomes, and other secondary outcomes. Study quality was appraised using the JBI checklist for systematic reviews. A narrative analysis was conducted, and meta-analysis results were synthesized. Summary: From 1301 identified reviews, 13 systematic reviews (10 meta-analyses) comprised 132 primary studies conducted in 28 countries. All the included reviews have high quality, with scores ranging 73-100%. Findings to the health outcomes remained inconclusive, except solid evidence was found in the significant improvement in physical activity (PA) levels and behaviors from telehealth interventions, exercise capacity from mobile health (m-health) only and web-based only interventions, and medication adherence from m-health interventions. Telehealth CR programs, work adjunct or in addition to traditional CR and standard care, are effective in improving health behaviors and modifiable CHD risk factors, particularly in PA. In addition, it does not increase the incidence in terms of mortality, adverse events, hospital readmission, and revascularization.
Trends and landscape of cardiovascular disease studies characteristics on ClinicalTrials.gov from 2012 to 2021

Introduction: To analyze cardiovascular disease (CVD) studies from the United States registered on ClinicalTrials.gov focusing on characteristics associated with their external validity; the presence of Data Monitoring Committee/Data Safety Monitoring Board (DMC/DSMB), randomization, blinding, and gender of the principal investigators (PIs). Methods: We queried the Application Programming Interface (API) of ClinicalTrials.gov to extract data on characteristics of the identified studies, most notably, DMC/DSMB status, Design Allocation, Design masking, and gender of PIs. Results: We identified 536 studies pertinent to CVD for this analysis. Out of 536, 471 (88%) were interventional studies (Clinical trials) and 65 (12%) were observational studies with interventions. Amongst these, 261 (49%) reported having a DMC, 312 (66%) reported randomization, 224 (48%) reported masking and 122 (19%) of the PIs were women. No trend was seen in the annual proportion of studies with DMC, randomization, masking, and women as PIs (P-trend > 0.05 for all). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were notable for higher odds of DMC (aOR, 5.28; 95% CI, 2.70 ? 10.90; P < 0.05) and blinding (aOR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.29 ? 4.64; P < 0.05) in NIH-funded studies and higher odds of being terminated/suspended or withdrawn in basic science studies (aOR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.07 - 6.90; P < 0.05). No relation was seen between any characteristics and the study being completed. Conclusions: We report on the absence of DMCs, randomization, blinding, women as PIs, and lack of cross-gender collaboration in the leadership of CVD studies without any favorable trend over the past decade. This calls for comprehensive efforts to improve these trends and ultimately, the external validity of studies. We also call for an overhaul of the definition of the phase of a clinical trial that centers around a drug being the intervention.
Advances in the non-linear optical investigation of lyotropic-like low-density human lipoproteins in the native and oxidised states

The Z-Scan optical technique was recently used to measure the non-linear optical response of human lipoproteins, in particular low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, regarding their oxidative (atherogenic) state. The higher is the oxidation degree of the LDL particle, the smaller is their non-linear optical response. The main physical process involved in this phenomenon is the increase in the thermal diffusivity of the aqueous LDL solution, as a function of the oxidation degree. The responsible for the heat diffusion across the sample are the hydroperoxides generated by the oxidation. Other human lipoproteins were shown to present non-linear optical responses in the thermal timescale regime. The non-linear optical response of LDL solutions may be used in the development of new tools to quantify the atherogenic particles in the human blood.
O-Fucosylation of BMP1 promotes endometrial decidualization by activating BMP/Smad signaling pathway

Abstract Endometrial decidualization is critical to successful uterine receptivity and embryo implantation. Dysfunction of decidualization is associated with some pregnancy-related disorders, including miscarriage. Protein glycosylation is involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (poFUT1) is a key enzyme responsible for O-fucosylation biosynthesis on glycoproteins. Bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1) is an essential glycoprotein in reproduction. However, the role and molecular mechanism of fucosylated BMP1 in endometrial stromal cell decidualization are still unknown. In the current study, we found that BMP1 contains a potential O-fucosylation site. Moreover, poFUT1 and BMP1 levels in the secretory phase are higher than those in the proliferative phase, and the highest level was observed in the human uterine tissues of early pregnancy, while a decrease of poFUT1 and BMP1 in the decidua was observed in miscarriage patients. Using human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs), we demonstrated that O-fucosylation of BMP1 was elevated after induced decidualization. Moreover, the increase of BMP1 O-fucosylation by poFUT1 promoted BMP1 secretion to the extracellular matrix, and more actively binds to CHRD. The binding of BMP1 and CHRD further released BMP4 originally bound to CHRD, and activated BMP/Smad signaling pathway, thereby accelerating the decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells. In summary, these results suggest that BMP1 O-fucosylation by poFUT1 could be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target to predict miscarriage in early pregnancy examinations. Summary Sentence BMP1 O-fucosylation promotes decidualization. Graphical Abstract
Nomograms for postsurgical extrahepatic recurrence prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma based on presurgical circulating tumor cell status and clinicopathological factors

Extrahepatic recurrence (EHR) is one of the major reasons for the poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study aimed to develop and assess the performance of predictive models by using a combination of presurgical circulating tumor cell (CTCs) data and clinicopathological features to screen patients at high risk of EHR to achieve precise decision‐making.
Experiences and Perceptions of Using Smartphone Ecological Momentary Assessment for Reporting Knee Osteoarthritis Pain and Symptoms

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent, painful, and disabling musculoskeletal condition. One method that could more accurately monitor the pain associated with knee OA is ecological momentary assessment (EMA) using a smartphone. Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore participant experiences and perceptions of using smartphone EMA as a way of communicating knee OA pain and symptoms following participating in a 2-week smartphone EMA study. Materials and Methods: Using a maximum variation sampling method, participants were invited to share their thoughts and opinions in semistructured focus group interviews. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim before thematic analysis using the general inductive approach. Results: A total of 20 participants participated in 6 focus groups. Three themes and 7 subthemes were identified from the data. Identified themes included: user experience of smartphone EMA, data quality of smartphone EMA, and practical aspects of smartphone EMA. Discussion: Overall, smartphone EMA was deemed as being an acceptable method for monitoring pain and symptoms associated with knee OA. These findings will assist researchers in designing future EMA studies alongside clinicians implementing smartphone EMA into practice. Perspective: This study highlights that smartphone EMA is an acceptable method for capturing pain-related symptoms and experiences of those expereiencing knee OA. Future EMA studies should ensure design features are considered that reduce missing data and limit the responder burden to improve data quality.
Processing emotions from faces and words measured by event-related brain potentials

ABSTRACT Affective aspects of a stimulus can be processed rapidly and before cognitive attribution, acting much earlier for verbal stimuli than previously considered. Aimed for specific mechanisms, event-related brain potentials (ERPs), expressed in facial expressions or word meaning and evoked by six basic emotions – anger, disgust, fear, happy, sad, and surprise – relative to emotionally neutral stimuli were analysed in a sample of 116 participants. Brain responses in the occipital and left temporal regions elicited by the sadness in facial expressions or words were indistinguishable from responses evoked by neutral faces or words. Confirming previous findings, facial fear elicited an early and strong posterior negativity. Instead of expected parietal positivity, both the happy faces and words produced significantly more negative responses compared to neutral. Surprise in facial expressions and words elicited a strong early response in the left temporal cortex, which could be a signature of appraisal. The results of this study are consistent with the view that both types of affective stimuli, facial emotions and word meaning, set off rapid processing and responses occur very early in the processing stage.
The Socialization of Perceived Discrimination in Ethnic Minority Groups

Contact with members of one’s own group (ingroup) and other groups (outgroups) shapes individuals’ beliefs about the world, including perceptions of discrimination against one’s ingroup. Research to date indicates that, among members of disadvantaged groups, contact with an advantaged outgroup is associated with less perceived discrimination, while contact with the disadvantaged ingroup is associated with more perceived discrimination. Past studies, however, considered ingroup and outgroup contact in isolation and overlooked the various processes that could explain these associations. We addressed these issues by examining whether disadvantaged-group members’ perceptions of discrimination are shaped by how much contact they have with ingroup and outgroup members (contact effects) or by those ingroup and outgroup members’ perceptions of discrimination (socialization effects) while controlling for their tendency to affiliate with similar others (selection effects). Three studies (total N = 5,866 ethnic minority group members) assessed participants’ positive contact, friendships, and perceived discrimination and applied longitudinal and social network analyses to separate and simultaneously test contact, socialization, and selection processes. In contrast to previous studies, we found no evidence that contact with members of the advantaged outgroup precedes perceived discrimination. Instead, we found that friendships with members of the disadvantaged ingroup longitudinally predict perceived discrimination through the process of socialization—disadvantaged-group members’ perceptions of discrimination became more similar to their ingroup friends’ perceptions of discrimination over time. We conclude that perceptions of discrimination should be partly understood as a socialized belief about a shared reality.
Estudio de las direcciones de arribo de los rayos cósmicos de ultra-alta energía del observatorio Pierre Auger.

xix 1. Introducción 1 1.1. El Espectro de Rayos Cósmicos . 1 1.2. Sitios y formas de aceleración . 3 1.3. Propagación de rayos cósmicos . 8 1.3. 1. Efecto GZK . 8 1.3. 2. Interacción con Campos Magnéticos . 11 1.4. Lluvias atmosféricas . 13 1.5. Observatorios de rayos cósmicos anteriores al Observatorio Pierre Auger 17 2. El Observatorio Pierre Auger 19 2.1. Descripción del Observatorio Pierre Auger . 19 2.2. Resultados más relevantes . 26 2.2.1. Espectro a ultra-altas energías . 27 2.2.2. Correlación con objetos extragalácticos . 29 2.2. 3. Anisotropías a grandes escalas angulares . 32 2.2. 4. Estudios de composición química . 34 2.2. 5. Anisotropía y composición química . 35 2.2. 6. Límites a la densidad de fuentes . 37 2.2. 7. Límites al ujo de neutrinos y fotones . 38