Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Highly Ionized Interstellar Atoms--Heated, Cooled, or Mixed?

Recent observations with the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope, combined with Copernicus results, make possible a comparison between C+3 and O+5 interstellar column densities in both the halo and the disk of our Galaxy. The ratio N(C+3)/N(O+5) for six lines of sight in the disk is about an order of magnitude less than for five corresponding values in the halo. In the disk, the values of this ratio are in good general agreement with a variety of different models for conductive heating at an interface between hot and cool gas. As a working hypothesis we assume that this process is the dominant one for producing the observed highly ionized species in the disk. The much larger ratios for the halo lie between the ranges predicted by two different idealized models? radiative cooling of hot infalling gas and turbulent mixing of hot gas with the cool clouds past which it flows. Since both these processes should occur when hot gas flows past H I clouds in the halo, we assume tentatively that these two processes may be jointly responsible for much of the observed high ionization of halo atoms.
MYB12 is part of a feedback loop regulating cell division orientation in the root meristem vasculature.

Transcriptional networks are crucial to integrate various internal and external signals into optimal responses during plant growth and development. Primary root vasculature patterning and proliferation are controlled by a network centred around the basic Helix-Loop-Helix transcription factor complex formed by TARGET OF MONOPTEROS 5 (TMO5) and LONESOME HIGHWAY (LHW), which control cell proliferation and division orientation by modulating cytokinin response and other downstream factors. Despite recent progress, many aspects of the TMO5/LHW pathway are not fully understood. In particular, the upstream regulators of TMO5/LHW activity remain unknown. Here, using a forward genetic approach to identify new factors of the TMO5/LHW pathway, we discovered a novel function of the MYB-type transcription factor MYB12. MYB12 physically interacts with TMO5 and dampens the TMO5/LHW-mediated induction of direct target gene expression as well as the periclinal/radial cell divisions. The expression of MYB12 is activated by the cytokinin response, downstream of TMO5/LHW, resulting in a novel MYB12-mediated negative feedback loop that restricts TMO5/LHW activity to ensure optimal cell proliferation rates during root vascular development.
Effects of mobile health interventions on health‐related outcomes in older adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic condition that is associated with multiple comorbidities. Apart from pharmacological approaches, patient self‐management remains the gold standard of care for diabetes. Improving patients' self‐management among the elderly with mobile health (mHealth) interventions is critical, especially in times of the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, the extent of mHealth efficacy in managing T2DM in the older population remains unknown. Hence, the present review examined the effectiveness of mHealth interventions on cardiometabolic outcomes in older adults with T2DM.
Structure and characteristics of ultrathin indium tin oxide films

A series of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin-films with various thicknesses from 2 to 200 monolayers (ML) have been epitaxially grown on LaAlO3 substrates by laser molecular-beam epitaxy. The measurements of x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, four-probe method, and optical transmittance reveal that the film thickness strongly affects the structural, electrical, and optical properties of ITO thin-films, and the ITO thin-films exist at a critical thickness of metal-insulator transition at about 4–5 ML. The electrical transport property has been discussed with the different conductive models.
Prognostic impact of age and gender on patients with electrical storm

Background Electrical storm (ES) is a severe and life-threatening heart rhythm disorder. Age and male gender have been identified as independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. However, data regarding the prognostic impact of age and gender on ES patients is limited. Methods The present study included retrospectively consecutive patients presenting with ES from 2002 to 2016. Patients 67 years old or older were compared to patients younger than 67, males were also compared to females. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to find the optimum age cut-off value. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at 3 years. The secondary endpoints were in-hospital mortality, rehospitalization rates, ES recurrences, and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 3 years. Results Eighty-seven ES patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators were included. Age ≥ 67 years was associated with increased all-cause mortality at 3 years (48% vs. 20%, hazard ratio = 3.046; 95% confidence interval 1.316–7.051; p = 0.008; log-rank p = 0.006). MACE, in-hospital mortality, rehospitalization rates, and ES recurrences were not affected by age. Even after multivariate adjustment, age ≥ 67 years was associated with increased long-term mortality at 3 years, besides left ventricular ejection fraction < 35%. In contrast, gender was not associated with primary and secondary endpoints. Conclusions Patients 67 years old and older presenting with ES are associated with poor long-term prognosis. Increased long-term mortality was still evident after multivariate adjustment. In contrast, gender was not associated with primary and secondary endpoints.
Quality check: ER-associated protein degradation and the control of grain size in rice

Received January 11, 2023. Accepted January 11, 2023. Advance access publication January 18, 2023 © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Open Access In B ri ef
Apoptotic mitochondrial poration by a growing list of pore‐forming BCL‐2 family proteins

The pore‐forming BCL‐2 family proteins are effectors of mitochondrial poration in apoptosis initiation. Two atypical effectors—BOK and truncated BID (tBID)—join the canonical effectors BAK and BAX. Gene knockout revealed developmental phenotypes in the absence the effectors, supporting their roles in vivo. During apoptosis effectors are activated and change shape from dormant monomers to dynamic oligomers that associate with and permeabilize mitochondria. BID is activated by proteolysis, BOK accumulates on inhibition of its degradation by the E3 ligase gp78, while BAK and BAX undergo direct activation by BH3‐only initiators, autoactivation, and crossactivation. Except tBID, effector oligomers on the mitochondria appear as arcs and rings in super‐resolution microscopy images. The BH3‐in‐groove dimers of BAK and BAX, the tBID monomers, and uncharacterized BOK species are the putative building blocks of apoptotic pores. Effectors interact with lipids and bilayers but the mechanism of membrane poration remains elusive. I discuss effector‐mediated mitochondrial poration.
Generalized Whittaker models and the Bernstein center

Let F be a non-Archimedean local field and G the group of F -points of a connected reductive algebraic group defined over F . Let B be a minimal F -parabolic subgroup of G with Levi component T and unipotent radical U . We let ξ be a smooth character of U, nondegenerate in a certain sense. We consider the theory of smooth ξ-Whittaker functions on G via the structure of the representation c -Ind ξ of G which is compactly induced by ξ. We prove a finiteness result for these generalized Whittaker models, corresponding to the uniqueness property for classical Whittaker models on quasi-split groups. In many cases, including the one where G is quasi-split, we describe the ring of G -endomorphisms of c -Ind ξ in terms of the Bernstein Center. This has consequences for the structure of the category of smooth representations of G . It gives an algebraic technique for finding improved (and more general) versions of results on classical Whittaker functions originally obtained by more analytic methods.
Influencia del género y el lugar de residencia sobre la evolución y mortalidad de la cardiopatía isquémica en Cataluña: un estudio de base poblacional

RESUMEN Fundamentos: Existe bibliografía que apoya un retraso diagnóstico y terapéutico en mujeres con alto riesgo cardiovascular. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la incidencia de la enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) y la mortalidad en una cohorte con Síndrome Metabólico (SM), así como analizar posibles diferencias de género y lugar de residencia, respecto a la realización de angioplastias primarias en pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica (CI). Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte poblacional apoyándonos en la base de datos SIDIAP (Sistema de Información para la Investigación en Atención Primaria), en Atención Primaria de Cataluña. Seleccionamos personas de ambos sexos, entre 35-75 años, exentos de ECV al inicio (2009), cumpliendo criterios de SM (diagnósticos NCEP-ATPIII [National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III]). La variable resultado fue la incidencia a 10 años de ECV y la mortalidad global por toda causa. Registramos variables sociodemográficas (edad, sexo, fenotipo SM, índice socioeconómico MEDEA) y reperfusión coronaria. Se realizó estadística descriptiva, ANOVA y prueba de chi-cuadrado para verificar la diferencia entre variables. Resultados: 167.673 personas cumplieron criterios de SM (5,2% de la población), de las cuales había 105.969 hombres (63,2%). El 22% de población pertenecía a áreas rurales. Aquellas áreas urbanas más dispares socioeconómicamente (urbana-1 y urbana-5), exhibieron las mayores incidencias de ECV y CI. Registramos 51.129 ECV (30,7%) de los cuales 8.889 fueron infartos agudos de miocardio (IAM; 5,3%) y 24.284 fueron CI (14,5%). Se realizaron 1.758 procedimientos de angioplastia primaria, 1.467 en hombres y 291 en mujeres, representando respectivamente un 4,4% y un 0,9% (p<0.005). Conclusiones: La incidencia de IAM y CI en sujetos con SM es alta en Cataluña. Existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa en las angioplastias realizadas, según sexo y lugar de residencia. Probablemente una implicación práctica sería detectar a tiempo la CI en mujeres con SM, para que puedan beneficiarse de la terapia revascularizadora igual que los hombres.
Observer Based Variable Structure Controller Design for Robust Tracking and Model Following

For a linear system with matched uncertainties, a variable structure model following controller using output feedback is developed in this paper. Although the system contains an uncertain term, a novel reduced-order observer proposed in this work can effectively estimate the system states. Based on the estimated states and the observer model, although the system exists matched uncertainties, the proposed controller can satisfy the reaching and sliding condition after some finite time. Moreover, when the system is in sliding mode, it can be shown theoretically that the tracking error decreases asymptotically to zero. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme.
Robust Linear Regression Models: Use of a Stable Distribution for the Response Data

In this paper, we study some robustness aspects of linear regression models of the presence of outliers or discordant observations considering the use of stable distributions for the response in place of the usual normality assumption. It is well known that, in general, there is no closed form for the probability density function of stable distributions. However, under a Bayesian approach, the use of a latent or auxiliary random variable gives some simplification to obtain any posterior distribution when related to stable distributions. To show the usefulness of the computational aspects, the methodology is applied to two examples: one is related to a standard linear regression model with an explanatory variable and the other is related to a simulated data set assuming a 23 factorial experiment. Posterior summaries of interest are obtained using MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) methods and the OpenBugs software.
Nematode gene annotation by machine-learning-assisted proteotranscriptomics enables proteome-wide evolutionary analysis

Nematodes encompass more than 24,000 described species, which were discovered in almost every ecological habitat, and make up >80% of metazoan taxonomic diversity in soils. The last common ancestor of nematodes is believed to date back to ∼650–750 million years, generating a large and phylogenetically diverse group to be explored. However, for most species high-quality gene annotations are incomprehensive or missing. Combining short-read RNA sequencing with mass spectrometry–based proteomics and machine-learning quality control in an approach called proteotranscriptomics, we improve gene annotations for nine genome-sequenced nematode species and provide new gene annotations for three additional species without genome assemblies. Emphasizing the sensitivity of our methodology, we provide evidence for two hitherto undescribed genes in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Extensive phylogenetic systems analysis using this comprehensive proteome annotation provides new insights into evolutionary processes of this metazoan group.
Shared and Unique Changes in Brain Connectivity Among Depressed Patients After Remission With Pharmacotherapy Versus Psychotherapy.

OBJECTIVE The authors sought to determine the shared and unique changes in brain resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between patients with major depressive disorder who achieved remission with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or with antidepressant medication. METHODS The Predictors of Remission in Depression to Individual and Combined Treatments (PReDICT) trial randomized adults with treatment-naive major depressive disorder to 12 weeks of treatment with CBT (16 1-hour sessions) or medication (duloxetine 30-60 mg/day or escitalopram 10-20 mg/day). Resting-state functional MRI scans were performed at baseline and at week 12. The primary outcome was change in the whole-brain rsFC of four seeded brain networks among participants who achieved remission. RESULTS Of the 131 completers with usable MRI data (74 female; mean age, 39.8 years), remission was achieved by 19 of 40 CBT-treated and 45 of 91 medication-treated patients. Three patterns of connectivity changes were observed. First, those who remitted with either treatment shared a pattern of reduction in rsFC between the subcallosal cingulate cortex and the motor cortex. Second, reciprocal rsFC changes were observed across multiple networks, primarily increases in CBT remitters and decreases in medication remitters. And third, in CBT remitters only, rsFC increased within the executive control network and between the executive control network and parietal attention regions. CONCLUSIONS Remission from major depression via treatment with CBT or medication is associated with changes in rsFC that are mostly specific to the treatment modality, providing biological support for the clinical practice of switching between or combining these treatment approaches. Medication is associated with broadly inhibitory effects. In CBT remitters, the increase in rsFC strength between networks involved in cognitive control and attention provides biological support for the theorized mechanism of CBT. Reducing affective network connectivity with motor systems is a shared process important for remission with both CBT and medication.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Athletes With Slow Recovery From Sports-Related Concussion

Background and Objectives Some athletes experience a slow recovery after sport-related concussion (SRC). There is little agreement on what constitutes slow recovery, however, and minimal data on the prevalence, predictors, or prognosis for this group. The objectives of this study were to apply an operationalized definition of slow recovery and characterize predictors and long-term prognosis of these individuals. Methods This is a prospective multisite observational study of collegiate athletes. Participants underwent multimodal assessments preseason and 5 additional time points after SRC. Time from injury to initiation of return to play progression (asymptomatic timepoint) and from injury to return to play (RTP) were the primary markers of recovery. Results One thousand seven hundred fifty-one concussed male and female collegiate athletes were studied. Eighty percent of participants reached the asymptomatic and/or RTP time points by days 14 and 24, respectively. Slow recovery was thus defined as exceeding 1 or both of those intervals (n = 399). This group was statistically more likely to be female (41.1% vs 35.6%, p = 0.05), have higher initial postinjury SCAT symptom severity scores (mean [SD]: 36.6 [23.4] vs 25.4 [19.9], p < 0.001), lower postinjury Standardized Assessment of Concussion scores (mean [SD]:25.74 [2.98] vs 26.26 [2.85], p = 0.004), perform worse on the postinjury Balance Error Scoring System (mean [SD]: 17.8 [8.9] vs 15.9 [8.5], p < 0.01), have fewer assessments in the first 14 days after injury (mean [SD]: 48.8 [29.7] vs 67.9 [24.6], p < 0.01), and be injured in practice (70.7% vs 65.1%, p = 0.04). 77.6% of the slow recovery group returned to play within 60 days of injury, and 83.4% (n = 349) returned to play within 90 days of injury. Only 10.6% had not returned to play 6 months postinjury. Discussion This study suggests an overall favorable prognosis for slowly recovering athletes and provides data for athletes and medical teams to consider in calibrating RTP expectations and making decisions about medical disqualification vs ongoing engagement in their sport.
False alarms and information transmission in grouping animals

A key benefit of grouping in prey species is access to social information, including information about the presence of predators. Larger groups of prey animals respond both sooner and at greater distances from predators, increasing the likelihood that group members will successfully avoid capture. However, identifying predators in complex environments is a difficult task, and false alarms (alarm behaviours without genuine threat) appear surprisingly frequent across a range of taxa including insects, amphibians, fish, mammals, and birds. In some bird flocks, false alarms have been recorded to substantially outnumber true alarms. False alarms can be costly in terms of both the energetic costs of producing alarm behaviours as well as lost opportunity costs (e.g. abandoning a feeding patch which was in fact safe, losing sleep if an animal is resting/roosting, or losing mating opportunities). Models have shown that false alarms may be a substantial but underappreciated cost of group living, introducing an inherent risk to using social information and a vulnerability to the propagation of false information. This review will focus on false alarms, introducing a two‐stage framework to categorise the different factors hypothesised to influence the propensity of animal groups to produce false alarms. A number of factors may affect false alarm rate, and this new framework splits these factors into two core processing stages: (i) individual perception and response; and (ii) group processing of predator information. In the first stage, individuals in the group monitor the environment for predator cues and respond. The factors highlighted in this stage influence the likelihood that an individual will misclassify stimuli and produce a false alarm (e.g. lower light levels can make predator identification more difficult and false alarms more common). In the second stage, alarm information from individuals is processed by the group. The factors highlighted in this stage influence the likelihood of alarm information being copied by group members and propagated through the group (e.g. some animals implement group processing mechanisms that regulate the spread of behavioural responses such as consensus decision making through the quorum response). This review follows the structure of this new framework, focussing on the causes of false alarms, factors that influence false alarm rate, the transmission of alarm information through animal groups, mechanisms to mitigate the spread of false alarms, and the consequences of false alarms.
One-year outcomes after water vapor thermal therapy for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in an unselected Italian multicenter cohort.

BACKGROUND Water vapor therapy (Rezum®; Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA) for bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) due to benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) is a minimally invasive and innovative surgical technique. The aim of this study was to evaluate its mid-term results in a large multicentric cohort of Italian patients. METHODS Patients with BPO and moderate to severe LUTS who underwent Rezum® (Boston Scientific) treatment from May 2019 to July 2021 were included in this study. Pre- and postoperative evaluation comprised full urological evaluation with urine culture, digital rectal examination, serum PSA, transrectal prostate ultrasound, uroflowmetry, post-void residual and IPSS, OAB-q SF, ICIQ-UI SF and IIEF-5, ejaculatory anterograde rate. Minimum follow-up was 12 months. Patients' subjective satisfaction was recorded with Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) Scale together with any early or late reported complications, classified according to Clavien-Dindo Scale. Statistical analysis was conducted as appropriate. RESULTS Overall, 352 patients were eligible for the analysis. Procedures were routinely done on an outpatient basis. Mean operative was 12 minutes. The catheter was left in place for a median of 7 days. After treatment, Qmax, IPSS and IPSS-QoL, OAB-q SF, ICIQ-UI SF and IIEF-5 from baseline to last control follow-up (median 16, IQR 13-20 months) were improved (P<0.05). The postoperative anterograde ejaculation rate was recorded in 74.1% vs. preoperative 43.8% (P<0.001). Early (≤30 days) postoperative complications occurred in 176 patients (50%), all Clavien-Dindo Grade ≤2. One patient experienced clot retention and hematuria requiring hospitalization and blood transfusion. No late AEs were recorded. Surgical retreatment rate was 2.5% (9/352), all cases occurred within the first year. Median PGI-I was 2 (1-2). CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the safety and efficacy of water vapor therapy for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) on a large cohort of patients. Anterograde ejaculation was preserved in the majority of patients, with good subjective improvement. Further studies may rule out possible role of Rezum® (Boston Scientific) in new patients' setting.