Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Privacy concerns of older adults using voice assistant systems

1. Divi C, Koss RG, Schmaltz SP, Loeb JM. Language proficiency and adverse events in US hospitals: a pilot study. International J Qual Health Care. 2007;19(2):60-67. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzl069 2. Inouye SK, Leo-Summers L, Zhang Y, Bogardus ST Jr, Leslie DL, Agostini JV. A chart-based method for identification of delirium: validation compared with interviewer ratings using the confusion assessment method. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(2):312-318. doi:10. 1111/j.1532-5415.2005. 53120.x 3. Rajaram A, Thomas D, Sallam F, Verma AA, Rawal S. Accuracy of the preferred language field in the electronic health records of two Canadian Hospitals. Appl Clin Inform. 2020; 11(4):644-649. doi:10.1055/s-0040-1715896 4. Escobar GJ, Greene JD, Scheirer P, Gardner MN, Draper D, Kipnis P. Risk-adjusting hospital inpatient mortality using automated inpatient, outpatient, and laboratory databases. Med Care. 2008;46(3):232-239. doi:10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181589bb6 5. Mohr WK, Petti TA, Mohr BD. Adverse effects associated with physical restraint. Can J Psychiatry. 2003;48(5):330-337. doi:10. 1177/070674370304800509 6. Herzig SJ, LaSalvia MT, Naidus E, et al. Antipsychotics and the risk of aspiration pneumonia in individuals hospitalized for nonpsychiatric conditions: a cohort study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017;65(12):2580-2586. doi:10.1111/jgs.15066 7. Ludolph P, Stoffers-Winterling J, Kunzler AM, et al. Nonpharmacologic multicomponent interventions preventing delirium in hospitalized people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020;68(8):18641871. doi:10.1111/jgs.16565 8. Mong J, Cram P, Syed K, Rawal S. Interpretation use for consent to hip fracture surgery in patients with limited English proficiency. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2021;69(8):2358-2361. doi:10. 1111/jgs.17157 9. Schiaffino MK, Nara A, Mao L. Language services in hospitals vary by ownership and location. Health Aff. 2016;35:1399-1403. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2015. 0955 10. Wong AH, Whitfill T, Ohuabunwa EC, et al. Association of race/ethnicity and other demographic characteristics with use of physical restraints in the emergency department. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(1):e2035241. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen. 2020.35241
Dysferlinopathies: Clinical and genetic variability

Dysferlinopathies are a clinically heterogeneous group of diseases caused by mutations in the DYSF gene encoding the dysferlin protein. Dysferlin is mostly expressed in muscle tissues and is localized in the sarcolemma, where it performs its main function of resealing and maintaining of the integrity of the cell membrane. At least four forms of dysferlinopathies have been described: Miyoshi myopathy, limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B, distal myopathy with anterior tibial onset, and isolated hyperCKemia. Here we review the clinical features of different forms of dysferlinopathies and attempt to identify genotype–phenotype correlations. Because of the great clinical variability and rarety of the disease and mutations little is known, how different phenotypes develop as a result of different mutations. However, missense mutations seem to induce more severe disease than LoF, which is typical for many muscle dystrophies. The role of several specific mutations and possible gene modifiers is also discussed in the paper.
Percutaneous Revascularization for Ischemic Left Ventricular Dysfunction.

BACKGROUND Whether revascularization by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can improve event-free survival and left ventricular function in patients with severe ischemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction, as compared with optimal medical therapy (i.e., individually adjusted pharmacologic and device therapy for heart failure) alone, is unknown. METHODS We randomly assigned patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 35% or less, extensive coronary artery disease amenable to PCI, and demonstrable myocardial viability to a strategy of either PCI plus optimal medical therapy (PCI group) or optimal medical therapy alone (optimal-medical-therapy group). The primary composite outcome was death from any cause or hospitalization for heart failure. Major secondary outcomes were left ventricular ejection fraction at 6 and 12 months and quality-of-life scores. RESULTS A total of 700 patients underwent randomization - 347 were assigned to the PCI group and 353 to the optimal-medical-therapy group. Over a median of 41 months, a primary-outcome event occurred in 129 patients (37.2%) in the PCI group and in 134 patients (38.0%) in the optimal-medical-therapy group (hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78 to 1.27; P = 0.96). The left ventricular ejection fraction was similar in the two groups at 6 months (mean difference, -1.6 percentage points; 95% CI, -3.7 to 0.5) and at 12 months (mean difference, 0.9 percentage points; 95% CI, -1.7 to 3.4). Quality-of-life scores at 6 and 12 months appeared to favor the PCI group, but the difference had diminished at 24 months. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with severe ischemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction who received optimal medical therapy, revascularization by PCI did not result in a lower incidence of death from any cause or hospitalization for heart failure. (Funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Technology Assessment Program; REVIVED-BCIS2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01920048.).
Evolutionary Game Theory and Evolutionary Stability

Evolutionary game theory is used to predict the behavior of individuals in populations (either of humans or other species) without relying on a detailed description of how these behaviors evolve over time (e.g., the replicator equation or the best response dynamics). For instance, if these behaviors correspond to a population state that satisfies the static payoff-comparison conditions of an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS), then there is typically dynamic (i.e., evolutionary) stability at this state. We begin with a thorough summary of the evolutionary game theory perspective, when there is a finite set of (pure) strategies, for a symmetric two-player game in either normal or extensive form. The article then briefly discusses generalizations of evolutionary game theory, ESS, and evolutionary stability to several other classes of games. These include symmetric population games where payoffs to pure strategies are nonlinear functions of the current population state as well as asymmetric games where players are assigned different roles (e.g., two-role bimatrix games). Although terminology borrowed from evolutionary game theory applied to behaviors of individuals in biological species is used throughout, the concepts introduced are equally relevant in games modeling human behavior. Keywords: evolution; game theory; symmetric normal form; payoff function; bimatrix game
Vitexin alleviates inflammation and enhances apoptosis through the regulation of the JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling pathway in the arthritis rat model

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorder. RA is progressive and needs long‐term treatment. Vitexin is a naturally‐occurring flavonoid that is identified in various plant sources. Vitexin is demonstrated to produce antioxidant effects with numerous pharmacological activities. This experimental in vivo study assessed the antiarthritic and apoptotic role of a natural plant extract, vitexin, on RA. Collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) rat model Sprague Dawley males were grouped into five sets with six rats each: control, CIA, CIA + vitexin (10 mg/kg bw), CIA + Methotrexate (1 mg/kg bw), and vitexin (10 mg/kg bw) alone. The body weight, organ weight, biochemical assay, inflammatory enzymes, apoptosis, and cytokines levels were evaluated and compared among groups. Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)/suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) levels and histopathology of ankle joints were also studied and compared. Significance was considered at a p < 0.05. Vitexin (10 mg/kg bw) significantly reduced the inflammatory enzyme markers, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐17, IL‐4, IL‐10, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interferon‐γ, and iNOS levels in arthritis rats (p < 0.05). Vitexin significantly improved collagen‐induced arthritic histological changes (p < 0.05). Vitexin also reduced JAK/STAT expressions associated with inflammation and significantly increased elevated SOCS levels (p < 0.05). Aberration in apoptosis, inflammatory mediators, C‐reactive protein, and rheumatoid factor levels in the arthritic rats reverted to normal with vitexin. These results emphasize that vitexin possesses anti‐inflammatory and apoptotic activity via the regulation of JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling in CIA in a rat model. Hence, vitexin is a promising auxiliary drug for RA treatment.
Pharmacotherapy or Psychotherapy? Selective Treatment Depression in The Infertile Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Triple-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and infertility are associated with significant psychiatric complications. The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and sertraline in the treatment of in depression, anxiety, and infertility stress of depressed infertile women with RPL in comparison with usual care. Materials and Methods: A triple-arm randomized controlled trial was carried out on the 60 depressed infertile women with RPL, a population of Infertility Center of Babol city, Iran, who were randomly assigned into three groups: pharmacotherapy with sertraline (n=20), psychotherapy with CBT (n=20), and a usual care as control group (n=20). The participants of psychotherapy received CBT sessions (90 minutes each) over 10 weeks. The participants in the pharmacotherapy group took 50 mg/day sertraline daily for 22 weeks. Outcomes were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), fertility problem inventory (FPI), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y (STAI-Y) at the beginning of the trial, 10-weeks post-trial, and three months of follow-up. Using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) software, data were analyzed. Results: CBT considerably reduced the depression symptoms more than sertraline with a moderate effect size at the post-trial (g=0.11, 95% CI: -0.03 to -0.50). Sertraline showed reduced the scores of state-anxiety more considerably in comparison with control group by a large effect size of post-trial (g=-1.04, 95% CI: -1.70 to -0.38). CBT reduced the total scores of FPI more considerably than sertraline, with a large, small size at follow up-trial [95% CI=-0.03(-0.65, -0.58)]. Both CBT and sertraline were superior to the control group in reducing depression and infertility stress. Conclusion: Depression and infertility stress diminished under CBT and sertraline in depressed infertile women with RPL, with a signi.cant advantage of CBT. Sertraline was superior to CBT in reduction of anxiety (registration number: IRCT201304045931N3).
Digestible indispensable amino acid scores of animal and plant ingredients potentially used in dog diet formulation: how this protein quality metric is affected by ingredient characteristics and reference amino acid profile

Abstract The ability of a diet or an ingredient to satisfy the indispensable amino acid (IAA) requirements of an individual is a reflection of protein quality (PQ). The concept of PQ is gaining recognition in the pet food industry as a way to identify candidate ingredients for diet formulation. The objective of this report was to use IAA digestibility data from swine and cecectomized rooster assays to generate digestible IAA scores (defined herein as DIAAS-like values) to predict the PQ of ingredients used in dog diets. However, as PQ equation development relies on a reference IAA profile, which is intended to be based on the physiological requirements of a specific population, we sought to generate DIAAS-like values using IAA requirements established by the National Research Council (NRC) as well as practical IAA recommendations presented by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) and European Pet Food Industry Federation (FEDIAF), to assess how these profiles may affect PQ. In total, 30 animal (75 unique inputs) and 27 plant ingredients (94 unique inputs) satisfied all inclusion criteria to be used in the final data set. Ingredients were initially categorized as animal or plant, and further categorized based on AAFCO Official Common and Usual Names and Definitions of Feed Ingredients to allow for additional, more distinct comparisons to be made. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS, with ingredient reference as a random effect, and ingredient category, regulatory body, and life stage as fixed effects. As expected, differences were observed in DIAAS-like values for nearly all ingredients and ingredient categories when determined using NRC, AAFCO, or FEDIAF IAA requirements or recommendations as the reference pattern. Moreover, applying reference patterns based on NRC adult maintenance IAA requirements consistently produced the lowest DIAAS-like values. Ultimately, while future studies assessing PQ should utilize NRC minimal requirements, individual ingredient and ingredient category differences in DIAAS-like values when using AAFCO and FEDIAF recommendations underpin the different regulatory approaches to establishing dietary nutrient recommendations that exist globally and support the need for harmonization of dietary recommendations.
QUEUING THEORY IN WORKSHOP

When we are out of the home, we see a huge number of vehicles in the street. It is observed that numbers of vehicles are increasing very rapidly. However, number of vehicles for repairing also increasing in the workshop. Now, there is a tough competition held between the workshops. When there is a huge waiting line in one workshop then a customer withdraw and go to the competitor’s door; the service time may need to be improved. In this paper, we show that a queuing theory satisfies the model when tested with a real case scenario. A workshop in Arthoni provide us a data and also we derive the arrival rate, service rate, utilization rate, waiting time in queue and the probability of potential customers to balk based on the data using Little’s theorem and M/M/1/GD/∞/∞ queuing model. The mean arrival rate at Kavisha during its busiest period of the day is 2.22 customers per minute (cpm) while the service rate is 2.24 cpm. The average number of customers in the workshop is 133 and the utilization period is 0.991. Our result involved the benefits of performing queuing analysis to a busy workshop.
The innards of the cell: studies of water dipolar relaxation using the ACDAN fluorescent probe

This article reviews the use of the 6-acetyl-2-(dimethylamino)naphthalene (ACDAN) fluorophore to study dipolar relaxation in cells, tissues, and biomimetic systems. As the most hydrophilic member of the 6-acyl-2-(dimethylamino)naphthalene series, ACDAN markedly partitions to aqueous environments. In contrast to 6-lauroyl-2-(dimethylamino)naphthalene (LAURDAN), the hydrophobic and best-known member of the series used to explore relaxation phenomena in biological (or biomimetic) membranes, ACDAN allows mapping of spatial and temporal water dipolar relaxation in cytosolic and intra-organelle environments of the cell. This is also true for the 6-propionyl-2-(dimethylamino)naphthalene (PRODAN) derivative which, unlike LAURDAN, partitions to both hydrophobic and aqueous environments. We will (i) summarize the mechanism which underlies the solvatochromic properties of the DAN probes, (ii) expound on the importance of water relaxation to understand the intracellular environment, (iii) discuss technical aspects of the use of ACDAN in eukaryotic cells and some specialized structures, including liquid condensates arising from processes leading to liquid immiscibility and, (iv) present some novel studies in plant cells and tissues which demonstrate the kinds of information that can be uncovered using this approach to study dipolar relaxation in living systems.
Higher- and lower-load resistance exercise training induce load-specific local muscle endurance changes in young women: a randomised trial.

The effect of resistance training with higher- and lower-loads on muscle mass and strength has been extensively studied while changes in muscle endurance have received less attention. This trial aimed to assess the effect of training load on absolute (AME) and relative muscle endurance (RME). Sixteen untrained women (22.7±3.3 yr: mean ± SD) had one arm and leg randomly assigned to train with higher-loads (HL; 80-90% 1RM), and the contralateral limbs trained with lower-loads (LL; 30-50% 1RM) thrice weekly to volitional fatigue for 10 weeks. Heavy and light load AME and RME, strength, and muscle mass were assessed pre- and post-training. Strength increased more in the HL compared to LL leg (P = <0.01), but similar increases in strength were observed between upper body conditions (P = 0.46). Lower body heavy and light load AME improved in both conditions, but HL training induced a larger improvement in heavy load AME (HL, 9.3±4.3, vs. LL, 7.5±7.1 repetitions, Time × Limb P < 0.01) and LL training induced a larger improvement in light load AME (LL, 24.7±22.2, vs. HL, 15.2±16.7 repetitions, Time × Limb P = 0.04). In the upper body, HL and LL training induced similar increases in both heavy (Time × Limb P = 0.99), and light load (Time × Limb P = 0.16) AME. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry showed no change in leg fat-and-bone-free mass (FBFM) for either condition, and an increase in only LL arm FBFM. AME improved in a manner specific to the training loads used. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04547972).
Locked Lateral Plating Versus Retrograde Nailing for Distal Femur Fractures: A Multicenter Randomized Trial

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Objectives: The 2 main forms of treatment for distal femur fractures are locked lateral plating and retrograde nailing. The goal of this trial was to determine whether there are significant differences in outcomes between these forms of treatment. Design: Multicenter randomized controlled trial. Setting: Twenty academic trauma centers. Patients/Participants: One hundred sixty patients with distal femur fractures were enrolled. One hundred twenty-six patients were followed 12 months. Patients were randomized to plating in 62 cases and intramedullary nailing in 64 cases. Intervention: Lateral locked plating or retrograde intramedullary nailing. Main Outcome Measurements: Functional scoring including Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment, bother index, EQ Health, and EQ Index. Secondary measures included alignment, operative time, range of motion, union rate, walking ability, ability to manage stairs, and number and type of adverse events. Results: Functional testing showed no difference between the groups. Both groups were still significantly affected by their fracture 12 months after injury. There was more coronal plane valgus in the plating group, which approached statistical significance. Range of motion, walking ability, and ability to manage stairs were similar between the groups. Rate and type of adverse events were not statistically different between the groups. Conclusions: Both lateral locked plating and retrograde intramedullary nailing are reasonable surgical options for these fractures. Patients continue to improve over the course of the year after injury but remain impaired 1 year postoperatively. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Single-neuron bursts encode pathological oscillations in subcortical nuclei of patients with Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor

Significance Leveraging intracranial recordings from patients with Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor, the applied analyses allowed for derivation of relationships between neural signals across spatiotemporal resolutions, techniques that may facilitate interpretation of aggregate-level oscillations in various neuroscientific contexts from the perspective of the single-neuron resolution. Of relevance in Parkinson’s disease, the applied methodologies allowed us to establish a link between single-neuron bursting and elevated local field potential (LFP) activities, reconciling parallel theories of neurocircuit dysfunction. Directional connectivity analyses between single-neuron and LFP signals furthermore allowed us to speculate on the origin of beta and tremor-related oscillations associated with Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor, respectively. Ultimately, our findings may aid in developing targeted neurotherapeutics to address aberrant pattens of neural activity.
Physiological Differences Between Seasonal Dimorphs of Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) Elicit Distinct Host Plant Responses, Informing Novel Pest Management Insights

Abstract We examined differences in the physiology and life history between dimorphs of the common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae (Burckhardt and Lauterer) (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), and how they differ in elicitating host plant production of key metabolites and volatile compounds involved in the recruitment of herbivores and natural enemies. Summer morphs had higher activities of glutathione S-transferase, carboxylesterase, acetylcholinesterase, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, phenoloxidase, and a higher total protein content compared to winter morphs, whereas the latter had higher amounts of lipid, carbohydrate, and glycogen. Winter morphs were heavier, with a higher chitin content and longer preoviposition period, but greater fecundity and longevity than summer morphs. A lower LC50 to thiamethoxam for winter morphs resulted in higher mortality following exposure to the recommended rate of this insecticide in a greenhouse trial. Feeding by winter morphs elicited more strongly the release of volatile compounds known to be attractive to other herbivores, whereas feeding by summer morphs elicited more strongly the release of volatiles implicated in the attraction of natural enemies. Feeding by psyllids increased the concentrations of nitrogenous compounds, carbohydrates, vitamins, and amino acids in plants, the winter morph eliciting larger changes and more improved host plant quality. We conclude that winter morphs are more vulnerable targets for chemical control in early spring, whereas management of summer morphs could rely more on conservation biological control.