Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subtitling Strategies and Acceptability of Humour in “Modern Family” Season 6 (2014)

This research aims to analyse the types of verbal humour, the subtitling strategies, and its acceptability in Modern Family Season 6. The research is conducted by using the theory of verbal humour translation by Raphaelson-West (1989), theory of subtitling strategies by Gottlieb (1992) and the theory of translation acceptability proposed by Nababan (2012). This research uses descriptive qualitative method. In the process, this research utilizes a questionnaire with inputs from raters as a consideration in analysing the translation. The data are utterances containing verbal humour from Modern Family Season 6. The result shows the most frequent type is universal humour (45), followed by linguistic humour (19), and cultural humour (13). Furthermore, 8 out of 10 subtitling strategies are applied by the subtiler. The most dominant strategy is the paraphrase strategy (28), followed by transfer (15), expansion (11), condensation (10), deletion (6), imitation (4), transcription (2), and decimation (1). The acceptability level of the subtitle is acceptable in 69 data and less acceptable in 8 data. The object of the research proposes to serve humour in a usual relatable family interaction that is universal. However, the source language is English which has different grammatical, vocabulary, and syntactic rules than Indonesian. Thus, paraphrase strategy is the most frequently used to transfer the message naturally and appropriately to the target language rules without losing the humour. Hence, the subtitle of verbal humour in Modern Family Season 6 is natural and relevant to the Indonesian rules that conveys the meaning and preserve the humour aspects.
Cereal rye cover crop effects on soil carbon and physical properties in southeastern Indiana

Cover crops can be a management practice used to improve soil health and increase resilience to extreme climate events in a typical midwestern corn–soybean (Zea mays L.–Glycine max L.) rotation. This study was conducted as part of a large regional project with a goal of studying how to make corn-based cropping systems more resilient to climate stresses. A field site was established in southeastern Indiana to study the effects of a cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop on soil physical and chemical properties in a no-till corn and soybean rotation. Soil measurements included water stable soil aggregates using the wet sieving method, bulk density and water retention using intact cores, and soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N). After four years of a cereal rye cover crop, wet soil aggregate mean weight diameter increased 55% when compared to the no cover control in the 0 to 10 cm (0 to 4 in) depth and 29% in the 10 to 20 cm (4 to 8 in) depth. Bulk density, water retention, SOC, and total soil N showed no change between cover crop treatments. This research shows that a cereal rye cover crop can increase water stable aggregation in a relatively short time, but changes in other physical and chemical properties are more difficult to detect.
Behaviour of circular footing resting on layered foundation: sand overlying clay of varying strengths

Abstract A series of laboratory model tests was performed on rigid circular footing, 150 mm in diameter (D), resting on surfaces of different layered foundations. The experimental programme considered different foundation configurations by varying the thicknesses (H) of dense sand layers, in the range of 0.63–2.19D, overlying clay subgrades of different strengths, ranging from very soft (c u = 7 kPa) to stiff (c u = 60 kPa). The responses of homogeneous foundations (configured with the sand and clays) were also obtained in order to compare the performances. The pressure–settlement responses of homogeneous and layered foundations depicted non-linear variations within the range of footing settlement tested (s = 0–24% of D). The layered foundations indicated significant improvements in bearing capacities for the softer clay subgrades (c u ≤ 30 kPa) as compared to corresponding homogeneous clay beds; while, reduced bearing pressures were noted for stiff clay subgrade having c u = 60 kPa. In general, foundation responses depicted higher bearing pressures for stiffer subgrades (c u ), thicker sand-layers (H/D) and at greater footing settlement levels (s/D); however, in terms of bearing pressure ratios (BPR), a decreasing trend was observed with increase in stiffness of the clay subgrades (c u ). In the testing programme maximum of about 5.34-fold improvement in bearing pressure was obtained for layered foundations having c u = 7 kPa; while, it was about 0.9 for the stiff clay subgrade (c u = 60 kPa) as compared to the corresponding homogeneous clay beds. Responses of the model tests were in significantly good agreement with that of the theoretical analyses reported earlier.
Improving productivity of orange-fleshed sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) through intercropping with legumes and moderate phosphorus application

Sweetpotato yield is adversely affected by poor soil fertility in Mozambique where access to inorganic fertilisers is lacking. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intercropping sweetpotato with groundnut and soybean at various phosphorus (P) fertilisation levels on the productivity of sweetpotato. A field experiment was conducted at Umbeluzi Research Station in southern Mozambique during the 2013/14, 2014/15 and 2015/16 growing seasons. The experimental design was a split plot with seven crop combinations and three P levels (0, 20 and 40 kg P ha−1). Phosphorus at 20 and 40 kg ha−1 produced best total storage yield, total biomass and commercial root yields, whereas P at 40 kg ha−1 favoured highest vegetative growth. Sweetpotato–groundnut intercropping produced the best commercial root yield and total biomass. Phosphorus applied at 40 kg ha−1, combined with sweetpotato and groundnut intercropping, produced the highest total and commercial storage root yield but these two parameters were not significantly different from sweetpotato–groundnut intercropping at 20 kg P ha−1. For farmers growing sweetpotato under similar climatic and soil conditions, we recommend intercropping with ground-nuts and additional application of 20 kg P ha−1 for farmers with fertiliser access.
Negative enthalpy alloys and local chemical ordering: a concept and route leading to synergy of strength and ductility

ABSTRACT Solid solutions are ubiquitous in metals and alloys. Local chemical ordering (LCO) is a fundamental sub-nano/nanoscale process that occurs in many solid solutions and can be used as a microstructure to optimize strength and ductility. However, the formation of LCO has not been fully elucidated, let alone how to provide efficient routes for designing LCO to achieve synergistic effects on both superb strength and ductility. Herein, we propose the formation and control of LCO in negative enthalpy alloys. With engineering negative enthalpy in solid solutions, genetic LCO components are formed in negative enthalpy refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs). In contrast to conventional ‘trial-and-error’ approaches, the control of LCO by using engineering negative enthalpy in RHEAs is instructive and results in superior strength (1160 MPa) and uniform ductility (24.5%) under tension at ambient temperature, which are among the best reported so far. LCO can promote dislocation cross-slip, enhancing the interaction between dislocations and their accumulation at large tensile strains; sustainable strain hardening can thereby be attained to ensure high ductility of the alloy. This work paves the way for new research fields on negative enthalpy solid solutions and alloys for the synergy of strength and ductility as well as new functions.
Rice, smallholder farms, and climate change in Bangladesh: policy suggestions for climate and social resilience.

Smallholder farmers in Bangladesh face some of the planets most unpredictable agricultural conditions. Annual flooding, cyclones and other natural hazards mean rice yields, the country’s most important crop, are subject to huge fluctuations. Climate change is already happening in Bangladesh and the associated adversities are expected to increase the unpredictability of smallholder farming. This unpredictability is pushing Bangladesh’s smallholder farmers away from cereal cultivation or out of agriculture altogether and because 80 percent of Bangladesh’s food produced by smallholders, this shift threatens the food security of the country. Increases in net production of rice as well as resilience of rice crops to the effects of climate change have thus become urgent and pivotal issues and challenges for the continued progress towards Bangladesh’s goal of food self-sufficiency. In the above backdrop, this article aims, firstly, to offer a critical overview of rice production, small holder farms and agriculture in Bangladesh in the context of climate change; and secondly, to furnish selected policy suggestions towards greater climatic and social resilience of agriculture and rice production. The study makes several suggestions to policy makers for improving and expanding agricultural extension services, including (a) the provision of salt-resistant rice varieties to coastal areas, and (b) improvement of extension services with a focus on smallholder and women farmers which may be relevant not only for Bangladesh, but also for similar territories in south Asia. The review is based on an extensive review of literature together with insights and experiences of the authors as practicing natural resource managers.
PERFIL TÉRMICO NOTURNO DE CIDADE PEQUENA DO AMBIENTE TROPICAL EM EPISÓDIOS DE INVERNO

Este artigo analisa o perfil termico noturno de Rancharia, cidade de pequeno porte localizada no oeste do estado de Sao Paulo. O Sistema Clima Urbano foi o embasamento teorico-metodologico norteador da pesquisa, com enfase no subsistema termodinâmico. Dentre outros produtos, este subsistema busca diagnosticar as ilhas de calor urbanas. A aquisicao dos registros de temperatura ocorreu por meio da realizacao de transectos moveis (medidas itinerantes) e pontos fixos coletados simultaneamente em cinco episodios de inverno as 21 horas. O tratamento dos dados foi direcionado a elaboracao de cartas de isotermas e de perfis longitudinais ilustrados, contendo as feicoes predominantes nos trajetos, permitindo uma analise integrada da distribuicao da temperatura do ar nas vias de fluxo livre. Foram diagnosticadas ilhas de calor atmosfericas de moderada magnitude, com intensidade entre 3oC e 3,8oC, em condicoes de estabilidade atmosferica proporcionadas por ceu claro e ventos fracos. As ilhas de calor foram detectadas em feicoes urbanas densamente construidas, enquanto que as ilhas de frescor se posicionaram em areas de menor densidade construtiva, de transicao do ambiente urbano-rural e no rural circunvizinho. Esta pesquisa demonstrou que mesmo sendo uma cidade de pequeno porte, Rancharia apresenta especificidades do ponto de vista da distribuicao das temperaturas no intraurbano em relacao ao rural proximo, que deve ser considerada na gestao e no planejamento do espaco urbano.
Severity and associated factors of postoperative pain in paediatric surgical patients aged 2 months–7 years at selected Addis Ababa Public Hospitals: a multicenter prospective longitudinal study

Background: Postoperative pain is a common and distressing consequence of surgery in children. It can lead to suffering, prolonged recovery, impaired physical functioning, and even chronic pain. Effective postoperative pain management is crucial for improving patient outcomes. However, several factors hinder the accurate assessment and management of pain in children, particularly in low-income countries. This study aims to evaluate the severity of postoperative pain in paediatric patients and identify its predictors. Materials and methods: A longitudinal study was conducted on 235 paediatric surgical patients aged 2 months–7 years in Public Hospitals of Addis Ababa from January to April 2023. The primary outcome, pain severity, was assessed at three different times using a pain assessment tool. Cochran’s q-test was used to compare postoperative pain incidences. The Generalized Estimating Equation was used to determine predictor variables’ effects on pain severity over time. The study demonstrated the direction of association and significance using an AOR with a 95% CI at a P value of 0.05. Result: The incidence of moderate to severe postoperative pain was 36.6% at 12 h, 20% at 24 h, and 10% at 36 h. Patients with preoperative pain and preoperative anxiety were more likely to experience moderate to severe postoperative pain [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=3.41, CI=1.15, 10.00 and AOR=2.28, CI=1.219, 4.277, respectively). Intraoperative predictors of postoperative pain severity included longer duration of surgery (AOR=6.62, CI=1.90, 23.00) and major surgery (AOR=5.2, CI=2.11, 12.88). Postoperative pain severity was reduced in patients receiving multimodal analgesia (AOR=0.24; CI=0.091, 0.652) and in patients assessed frequently in the postoperative period (AOR=0.09; CI=0.022, 0.393). Conclusion: A significant portion of paediatric surgical patients in this study experienced high levels of postoperative pain, particularly within the first 24 h. The most influential factors affecting pain severity were postoperative pain management strategies and assessment practices.
Muhammadiyah dan Islam Wasathyah: Kajian tentang Agency Moderasi beragama melalui Sekolah Muhammadiyah

Muhammadiyah and wasathiyyah Islam are actually two things that cannot be separated because Muhammadiyah is an Islamic organization in Indonesia which has a mission of preaching amar ma'ruf nahi ungkar with an Islamic wasathiyyah approach. This research aims to examine in more depth using a literature approach the role of Muhammadiyah in strengthening religious moderation. The results of this research show that Muhammadiyah is an ideological group that represents Islamic groups in maintaining religious moderation as a national and state commitment. Has Tawassuth's commitment and principles, positions it as a moderate group, maintains balance and is consistent. Muhammadiyah makes Muhammadiyah schools as religious moderation agencies. Religious moderation in Muhammadiyah schools is carried out firstly, the religious da'wah model which is used as a space to implement religious moderation in this section consists of cult activities and religious lectures. Kultum or seven-minute lectures are a means of teaching religious moderation to students. Apart from religious lectures, secondly, Muhammadiyah schools also carry out social and religious activities
Perioperative crisis resource management simulation training in anaesthesia

Simulation-based education is now recognised to be a valuable tool to impart both technical and non-technical skills to healthcare professionals of all levels. Simulation is an well accepted educational tool for cultivating teamwork skills among residents globally. Simulation-based education encompasses diverse modalities, ranging from task trainers and simulated patients to sophisticated high-fidelity patient simulators. Notably, anaesthesiologists globally were early advocates of integrating simulation into education, particularly to instruct anaesthesia residents about the intricacies of perioperative crisis resource management and collaborative interdisciplinary teamwork. Given the inherent high-risk nature of anaesthesia, where effective teamwork is pivotal to averting adverse patient outcomes, and also to improve overall outcome of the patient, simulation training becomes imperative. This narrative review delves into the contemporary landscape of simulation training in perioperative anaesthesia management, examining the pedagogical approaches, simulators, techniques and technologies employed to facilitate this training.
A Music-Driven Dance Generation Method Based on a Spatial-Temporal Refinement Model to Optimize Abnormal Frames

Since existing music-driven dance generation methods have abnormal motion when generating dance sequences which leads to unnatural overall dance movements, a music-driven dance generation method based on a spatial-temporal refinement model is proposed to optimize the abnormal frames. Firstly, the cross-modal alignment model is used to learn the correspondence between the two modalities of audio and dance video and based on the learned correspondence, the corresponding dance segments are matched with the input music segments. Secondly, an abnormal frame optimization algorithm is proposed to carry out the optimization of the abnormal frames in the dance sequence. Finally, a temporal refinement model is used to constrain the music beats and dance rhythms in the temporal perspective to further strengthen the consistency between the music and the dance movements. The experimental results show that the proposed method can generate realistic and natural dance video sequences, with the FID index reduced by 1.2 and the diversity index improved by 1.7.
Modulations of Madden-Julian Oscillation and Quasi-biweekly Oscillation on Early Summer Tropical Cyclone Genesis over Bay of Bengal and South China Sea

The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) and the quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) are prominent components of the intraseasonal oscillations over the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean. This study examines the tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the Bay of Bengal (BOB) and the South China Sea (SCS) on an intraseasonal scale in May–June during 1979–2021. Results show that the convection associated with the two types of intraseasonal oscillations simultaneously modulates TC genesis in both ocean basins. As the MJO/QBWO convection propagated, TCs form alternately over the two basins, with a significant increase (decrease) in TC genesis frequency in the convective (non-convective) MJO/QBWO phase. Based on the anomalous genesis potential index associated with the MJO/QBWO, an assessment of the influence of various factors on TC genesis is further assessed. Middle-level relative humidity and lower-level relative vorticity play key roles in the MJO/QBWO modulation on TC genesis. The MJO primarily enhances large-scale cross-equatorial moisture transport, resulting in significant moisture convergence, while the QBWO generally strengthens the monsoon trough and induces the retreat of the western North Pacific subtropical high, increasing the regional lower-level relative vorticity. The potential intensity and vertical wind shear make small or negative contributions. This study provides insights into the neighboring basin TC relationship at intraseasonal scales, which has a potential to improve the short-term prediction of regional TC activity.
A survey on endoparasites of Dogs in Lusaka and Katete Districts of Zambia

The present study attempted to bridge the paucity of information on the prevalence of canine endoparasites in Zambia and to establish some of the risk factors that may be associated with endoparasitism. Faecal, blood and necropsy data on endoparasites were collected between January and December 2010 to determine the prevalence of canine endoparasites in two demographically and socio-economically diverse regions of Zambia. A total of 486 dogs were sampled (n = 160 Katete,predominantlyrural; n = 326 Lusaka,predominantlyurban). Faecal samples were examined by simple and centrifugal faecal flotation methods for the presence of helminth eggs. In Katete, 82.5 percent of dogs were positive for gastrointestinal (GI) helminths compared to 76 percent for Lusaka. The overall prevalence of single helminth infections were as follows: 72.1 percent Ancylostoma caninum, 11.3 percent Toxocara canis, 6.6 percent Trichuris vulpis, 6.2 percent Dipylidium caninum, 4.4 percent Toxascaris leonina and 0.7 percent Taeniid eggs. Except for T.vulpis (Lusaka: 0.3 percent, Katete 18.1 percent) and D. caninum (Lusaka: 3.8 percent,Katete: 13.1 percent) (p < 0.05), the results indicated no significant difference in the prevalence of the detected helminths between Lusaka and Katete. In this study, there was no significant difference in GI helminth prevalence between sexes except with A. caninum, which showed a significantly higher prevalence of 80.5 percent in dogs aged between six to 12 months old in comparison to the 56.1 percent in those above 60 months of age. The prevalence of multiple infections with two and three parasites species per host was not statistically different between Lusaka and Katete except for A. caninum single infections and co-infection with D. caninum (p < 0.05). Thirty-three dogs destined for euthanasia were collected and necropsy information collected. A. caninum was the most prevalent (93.9 percent) helminth recovered in euthanized dogs with T. canis being the least (6.1 percent). The prevalence of D. caninum was 63.6 percent whereas that of Spirocerca lupi was 27.3 percent. Thin blood smears stained with Giemsa and buffy coats were examined for parasites. The prevalence of Babesia canis was very low and was only reported in Lusaka. There were no positive cases of canine trypanosomosis. Significant reduction in packed cell volume (PCV) was observed with two co-infecting GI helminths in Katete and overall, eosinophilia was observed only for T. leonina. The presence of the zoonotic helminths A. caninum, T. canis and D. caninum in these two demographically and socio-economically diverse regions of Zambia indicates that dogs play an important epidemiological role as reservoirs of infections for man.
Mixing states of light‐absorbing particles measured using a transmission electron microscope and a single‐particle soot photometer in Tokyo, Japan

Light‐absorbing atmospheric aerosols such as carbonaceous particles influence the climate through absorbing sunlight. The mixing states of these aerosol particles affect their optical properties. This study examines the changes in the mixing states and abundance of strongly light absorbing carbonaceous particles by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and single‐particle soot photometer (SP2), as well as of iron oxide particles, in Tokyo, Japan. TEM and SP2 use fundamentally different detection techniques for the same light‐absorbing particles. TEM allows characterization of the morphological, chemical, and structural features of individual particles, whereas SP2 optically measures the number, size, and mixing states of black carbon (BC). A comparison of the results obtained using these two techniques indicates that the peaks of high soot (nanosphere soot (ns‐soot)) concentration periods agree with those of the BC concentrations determined by SP2 and that the high Fe‐bearing particle fraction periods measured by TEM agree with that of high number concentrations of iron oxide particles measured using SP2 during the first half of the observation campaign. The results also show that the changes in the ns‐soot/BC mixing states primarily correlate with the air mass sources, wind speed, precipitation, and photochemical processes. Nano‐sized, aggregated, iron oxide particles mixed with other particles were commonly observed by using TEM during the high iron oxide particle periods. We conclude that although further quantitative comparison between TEM and SP2 data will be needed, the morphologically and optically defined ns‐soot and BC, respectively, are essentially the same substance and that their mixing states are generally consistent across the techniques.