Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low-complexity method for DOA estimation based on ESPRIT

A low-complexity method for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation based on estimation signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT) is proposed. Instead of using the cross-correlation vectors in multistage Wiener filter (MSWF), the orthogonal residual vectors obtained in conjugate gradient (CG) method span the signal subspace used by ESPRIT. The computa- tional complexity of the proposed method is significantly reduced, since the signal subspace estimation mainly needs two matrix- vector complex multiplications at the iteration of data level. Fur- thermore, the prior training data are not needed in the proposed method. To overcome performance degradation at low signal to noise ratio (SNR), the expanded signal subspace spanned by more basis vectors is used and simultaneously renders ESPRIT yield redundant DOAs, which can be excluded by performing ESPRIT once more using the unexpanded signal subspace. Compared with the traditional ESPRIT methods by MSWF and eigenvalue de- composition (EVD), numerical results demonstrate the satisfactory performance of the proposed method.
Self-folding origami at any energy scale The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters

Programmable stiff sheets with a single low-energy folding motion have been sought in ﬁelds ranging from the ancient art of origami to modern meta-materials research. Despite such attention, only two extreme classes of crease patterns are usually studied; special Miura-Ori-based zero-energy patterns, in which crease folding requires no sheet bending, and random patterns with high-energy folding, in which the sheet bends as much as creases fold. We present a physical approach that allows systematic exploration of the entire space of crease patterns as a function of the folding energy. Consequently, we uncover statistical results in origami, ﬁnding the entropy of crease patterns of given folding energy. Notably, we identify three classes of Mountain-Valley choices that have widely varying ‘typical’ folding energies. Our work opens up a wealth of experimentally relevant self-folding origami designs not reliant on Miura-Ori, the Kawasaki condition or any special symmetry in space.
Manipulation of host specific microbes through fungicide application

While work in temperate forests suggests that there are consistent differences in plant–soil feedback (PSF) between plants with arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal associations, it whether these differences exist in tropical rainforests. We tested the effects of mycorrhizal type, phylogenetic relationships to overstory species, and soil fertility on the growth of tree seedlings a tropical Bornean rainforest with a high diversity of both ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular 30 mycorrhizal trees. We found that ectomycorrhizal tree seedlings had higher growth in soils 31 conditioned by close relatives, and that this was associated with higher mycorrhizal colonization. 32 By contrast, arbuscular mycorrhizal tree seedlings generally grew more poorly in soils 33 conditioned by close relatives. For ectomycorrhizal species, the phylogenetic trend was 34 insensitive to soil fertility. For arbuscular mycorrhizal seedlings, however, the effect of growing 35 in soils conditioned by close relatives became increasingly negative as soil fertility increased. 36 Our results demonstrate consistent effects of mycorrhizal type on plant–soil feedbacks across 37 forest biomes. The positive effects of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis may help explain biogeographic 38 variation across tropical forests, such as familial dominance of the Dipterocarpaceae in SE Asia. 39 However, positive feedbacks also raise questions about the role of PSFs in maintaining tropical 40 diversity. 41 42
A Satellite Control Problem.

Abstract : A numerical approach is described for calculating the optimal policy in the stochastic control problem of keeping a satellite close to a fixed point in space when it is subject to random forces. The random forces are modelled by Brownian Motion. A policy is evaluated in terms of its long run expected average cost. The running costs consist of a charge for fuel used plus a charge of x sub 1 squared per unit of time when the satellite is x sub 1 units away from the target. The space is one-dimensional. The method used is to apply backward induction to a bounded discrete space, discrete time version of the problem. Incidentally a solution is presented for the deterministic version of the problem where there are no random forces.
ASSESSING THICKNESS ACCOMMODATION TECHNIQUES FOR DEPLOYABLE HEXAGONAL ORIGAMI SPACE ARRAYS

Origami-based and origami-inspired designs provide paths to achieve highly compact, stowable designs, that can be deployed to large surface areas. This potential is highly beneﬁcial to the area of space antennas and LIDAR as these require compact stowing in a launch payload, but large apertures when deployed in space. Because the engineering materials used to build these antennas are thick, thickness accommodation techniques must be applied to realize the same folding motions as the zero-thickness models. This paper presents a hexagonal twist origami pattern in thick materials using three different thickness accommodation techniques. These techniques are compared. The metrics used for comparison are packing efﬁciency, usable area, beneﬁt to stability, and deployment methods. These metrics have also help to determine trends that can beneﬁt the designer when selecting thickness accommodation techniques.
A Semi-Autonomous Surgical Manipulation Task performed by a Cognitive Robotic System

—The development of robotic systems with a certain level of autonomy to be used in critical scenarios, such as an oper-ating room, necessarily requires a seamless integration of multiple state-of-the-art technologies. In this paper we propose a cognitive robotic architecture that is able to help an operator accomplish a speciﬁc task. The architecture integrates an action recognition module to understand the scene, a supervisory control to make decisions, and a model predictive control to plan collision-free trajectory for the robotic arm taking into account obstacles and model uncertainty. The proposed approach has been validated on a simpliﬁed scenario involving only a da Vinci ® surgical robot and a novel manipulator holding standard laparoscopic tools.
Evaluation of Clusters based on Systems on a Chip for High-Performance Computing: A Review*

High-performance computing systems are the maximum expression in the field of processing for large amounts of data. However, their energy consumption is an aspect of great importance, which was not considered decades ago. Hence, software developers and hardware providers are obligated to approach new challenges to address energy consumption, and costs. Constructing a computational cluster with a large amount of systems on a chip can result in a powerful, ecologic platform, with the capacity to offer sufficient performance for different applications, as long as low costs and minimum energy consumption can be maintained. As a result, energy efficient hardware has an opportunity to impact upon the area of high-performance computing. This article presents a systematic review of the evaluations conducted on clusters of Systems on a Chip for High-Performance computing in the research setting.
Self-Determination Theory as a Suitable Theoretical Basis and Measurement Approach for Psychodrama Interventions

Psychodrama as a group therapy and intervention technique is based on role-plays as a way of rehearsing life. It has 100 years of history, and it has been widely used in different life domains and purposes since then. On the other hand, sometimes it has been criticized for lacking the methodological rigor of modern psychological science. Qualitatively and quantitatively, including a case study, we aim to show the effectiveness of psychodrama using a motivational science framework theoretically and empirically. We discuss why psychodrama is effective from an applied social psychological perspective—that is, to demonstrate that psychodrama fits well with self-determination theory (SDT), one of the renowned theories of human motivation, wellbeing, and development. Therefore, this article theoretically integrates those two streams of discussions in one vein of explanation: Psychodrama is effective because in many ways it is supportive of basic psychological needs via play and volitional action, which is necessary for autonomous functioning as depicted by SDT. We test and elaborate on this argument with a case study of a psychodrama group, with the three points of measurements taken before and after the group process as well as 2 years later in follow-up. We found expected and unexpected results regarding autonomous functioning and its associated variables as self-compassion and authenticity throughout time. We discuss the findings for further advancement of theory and practice of both psychodrama and SDTas well as its implications for partially supported hypotheses to guide further evidence-based research attempts in psychodrama.
Analysis of Viral and Host Factors on Immunogenicity of 2018, 2019, and 2020 Southern Hemisphere Seasonal Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Adults in Brazil

Annual vaccination against influenza is the best tool to prevent deaths and hospitalizations. Regular updates of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (TIV) are necessary due to high mutation rates in influenza viruses. TIV effectiveness is affected by antigenic mismatches, age, previous immunity, and other host factors. Studying TIV effectiveness annually in different populations is critical. The serological responses to Southern-Hemisphere TIV and circulating influenza strains were evaluated in 2018–2020 among Brazilian volunteers, using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. Post-vaccination titers were corrected to account for pre-vaccination titers. Our population achieved >83% post-vaccination seroprotection levels, whereas seroconversion rates ranged from 10% to 46%. TIV significantly enhanced antibody titers and seroprotection against all prior and contemporary vaccine and circulating strains tested. Strong cross-reactive responses were detected, especially between H1N1 subtypes. A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016, included in the 2018 TIV, induced the poorest response. Significant titer and seroprotection reductions were observed 6 and 12 months after vaccination. Age had a slight effect on TIV response, whereas previous vaccination was associated with lower seroconversion rates and titers. Despite this, TIV induced high seroprotection for all strains, in all groups. Regular TIV evaluations, based on regional influenza strain circulation, should be conducted and the factors affecting response studied.
Alum/CpG Adjuvanted Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine with Protective Efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and Variants

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have emerged, including five variants of concern (VOC) strains listed by the WHO: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron. Extensive studies have shown that most of these VOC strains, especially the currently dominant variant Omicron, can escape the host immune response induced by existing COVID-19 vaccines to different extents, which poses considerable risk to the health of human beings around the world. In the present study, we developed a vaccine based on inactivated SARS-CoV-2 and an adjuvant consisting of aluminum hydroxide (alum) and CpG. The immunogenicity and safety of the vaccine were investigated in rats. The candidate vaccine elicited high titers of SARS-CoV-2-spike-specific IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody in immunized rats, which not only neutralize the original SARS-CoV-2, but also showed great cross-neutralization activity against the Beta, Delta and Omicron variants.
A Chebyshev Pseudo-Spectral Method For The Numerical Solutions Of Distributed Order Fractional Ordinary Diﬀerential Equations

Distributed order diﬀerential equations oﬀer new perspectives in modelling multi-scale physical problems. In distributed order fractional diﬀerential equations (DO-FDEs), the order of the derivatives is distributed over a range of real numbers. In this study, we present a numerical scheme for obtaining solutions of DO-FDEs. The method is a hybridization of the composite trapezoidal rule and the Chebyshev pseudo–spectral method. In the pseudo–spectral method, the premise is that the solution of the DO-FDE may be written as a linear combination of the ﬁrst kind shifted Chebyshev polynomials, and integrated using the Gauss–Lobatto quadrature. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and convergence of the method. The accuracy is determined through comparison with exact solutions presented in earlier studies in the literature.
LTE and WLAN Interference Suppression in CR Applications

—In traditional cognitive radio approach, spectrum is divided into black and white spaces. Black space is reserved to primary users (PU) as secondary users (SU) are able to transmit in white space. A modern approach is that the black space is divided into black and grey spaces to get more capacity. Grey space leads to novel type of interference environment because of interfering signals coming from PUs and other SUs. In addition, novel CR applications like long term evolution advanced (LTE-A) and internet of things (IoT) generate interfering signals. Thus, interference suppression is needed. In this paper, the performance of the forward consecutive mean excision algorithm (FCME) interference suppression method is studied in the presence of relatively narrowband interfering signals existing in the novel CR networks. Real-world LTE and WLAN signal measurements were used to verify the usability of the FCME IS method in future CR applications.
Industry Perspectives on Offensive Security Tooling

The proliferation and public release of offensive security tooling is a hotly contested topic within the information security industry. Perspectives online vary signiﬁcantly, and often it seems that the most extreme voices are the ones which garner the highest visibility. We believe it is important to study the general perspectives of professionals within the industry on this topic, not just those with preexisting public platforms. With this aim, we conducted an pilot interview study of eight security professionals to gain novel insight into thoughts and opinions from across the industry. We performed qualitative analysis to distill our results into themes. We used these themes, and our process, to make recommendations for future work surrounding this discourse.
Teaching Process and Emotional Reactions in Mathematics Processo de Ensino e Reações Emocionais em Matemática

Teachers are increasingly required to have mathematical subject knowledge described as lists of facts, skills and competencies. Different emotional reactions are present in the classroom every day. Emotional reactions are most often divided into positive and negative, and negative emotional reactions are most often related to the evaluation process. Teaching mathematics at all stages and levels of education is often a challenge for students. It is known that mathematics is not very popular and one often hears this misconception: "common sense and mathematics do not go together". Unfortunately, statements such as "not for me", "I don't know math" and "my mom is not a mathematician" can often be heard from students. The popularity of mathematics is on the scale of less popular subjects in schools, although teachers are forcing the teaching of mathematics, and even the curriculum offers more math classes than some other subjects.
An fMRI investigation of trust-related decision-making associated with the use of short term conﬂict alert (STCA)

The current proposal aims at a neuroscientiﬁc investigation of the magnitudes of trust air trafﬁc controllers (ATCOs) show when using short term conﬂict alert (STCA) systems with different levels of reliability that can elicit high and low levels of human-automation trust. STCA is an automated warning system used by all ATCOs for the purpose of conﬂict detection and designed for the primary purpose of ensuring safe separation between any pair of surveillance tracks. The operational use of STCA depends a great deal on the ATCO’s trust in the system, and this trust is in term dependent on the perceived system reliability. As different levels of system reliability will engender different levels of uncertainty or mistrust in its use, this proposal adopts an operational deﬁnition of trust that involves decision-making under situations with uncertainty and vulnerability. This means that human-automation trust, in the context of STCA use, relates to how well the system can facilitate successful conﬂict detection under circumstances where uncertainty or unreliability lies in its use.
Circum-Antarctic abundance and properties of CCN and INPs

Aerosol particles acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) or ice-nucleating particles (INPs) play a major role in the formation and glaciation of clouds. Thereby they exert a strong impact on the radiation budget of the Earth. Data on abundance and properties of both types of particles are sparse, especially for remote areas of the world, such as the Southern Ocean (SO). In this work, we present unique results from ship-borne aerosol-particle-related in situ measurements and ﬁlter sampling in the SO region, carried out during the Antarctic Circumnavigation
Mg 2 SiO 4 particle aggregation aboard the ISS Inﬂuence of electric ﬁelds on aggregation behavior, particle velocity, and shape-preferred orientation (cid:63)

Context. Particle aggregation in the solar nebula played a major role in the framework of planet formation; for example, primitive meteorites and their components formed by di ﬀ erent aggregation processes. These processes are still not completely understood. Aims. Electrostatic forces probably inﬂuenced particle aggregation in the early Solar System. We developed an experiment that was carried out under long-term microgravity conditions aboard the International Space Station (ISS) to expand the knowledge of charge-inﬂuenced particle aggregation. Methods. Aggregation of freely ﬂoating, elongated, angular, and polycrystalline Mg 2 SiO 4 -particles was observed under long-term microgravity conditions while being exposed to electric ﬁelds as well as low- and high-energy electric discharges. Results. Nearly all of the particles formed an aggregate, which freely ﬂoated in the sample chamber prior to the discharge experiments. The aggregate was attracted by the electrodes and partly disintegrated by low-energy electric discharges. High-energy arc discharges accelerated the particles, which reassembled in chains parallel to the ﬁeld lines of the subsequent electric ﬁeld between the electrodes. A strong shape-preferred orientation of the longest grain axis parallel to the ﬁeld lines was observed in the Mg 2 SiO 4 -particles. With increasing strength of the electric ﬁeld, the particle chains narrowed, leading to the formation of a compact aggregate. Conclusions. In microgravity conditions, electrostatic forces inﬂuence the aggregation process in terms of aggregate growth rate, morphology, packing density, and particle orientation. These observations help us to better understand the formation and compaction mechanism of early Solar System aggregates.
Limit on W/sub L/-W/sub R/ mixing in the SU(2)/sub L/ x SU(2)/sub R/ model

An upper limit of 0.005 on the W/sub L/-W/sub R/ mixing angle in the SU(2)/sub L/ x SU(2)/sub R/ x U(1)= model is derived using semileptonic-decay data. This limit is possible because of the recent data on B decays, provided we assume only three generations.
Homoiconicity For End-to-end Machine Learning with BOSS

It is common for machine learning applications to have complex operator pipelines, with several steps before and after the main execution of the core machine learning algorithm. Consequently, data movement between processes has a performance cost for the execution of the application. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end machine learning framework based on the principle of homoiconicity: data and code are represented in a single unified syntax. This approach allows the efficient interpretation of custom operators at the core of a relational database system. We also present the implementation of a data cleaning framework as an initial milestone. This work is a part of a larger research project to implement BOSS, a novel, general-purpose relational database system that stores and processes homoiconic data.
Multi-view 3D Reconstruction of a Scene Containing Independently Moving Objects

In this thesis, the structure from motion problem for calibrated scenes containing independently moving objects (IMO) has been studied. For this purpose, the overall reconstruction process is partitioned into various stages. The first stage deals with the fundamental problem of estimating structure and motion by using only two views. This process starts with finding some salient features using a sub-pixel version of the Harris corner detector. The features are matched by the help of a similarity and neighborhood-based matcher. In order to reject the outliers and estimate the fundamental matrix of the two images, a robust estimation is performed via RANSAC and normalized 8-point algorithms. Two-view reconstruction is finalized by decomposing the fundamental matrix and estimating the 3D-point locations as a result of triangulation. The second stage of the reconstruction is the generalization of the two-view algorithm for the N-view case. This goal is accomplished by first reconstructing an initial framework from the first stage and then relating the additional views by finding correspondences between the new view and already reconstructed views. In this way, 3D-2D projection pairs are determined and the projection matrix of this new view is estimated by using a robust procedure. The final section deals with scenes containing IMOs. In order to reject the correspondences due to moving objects, parallax-based rigidity constraint is used. In utilizing this constraint, an automatic background pixel selection algorithm is developed and an IMO rejection algorithm is also proposed. The results of the proposed algorithm are compared against that of a robust outlier rejection algorithm and found to be quite promising in terms of execution time vs. reconstruction quality.
Stratiﬁed turbulent mixing in oscillating shear ﬂows

Motivated by the variation of local shear produced by internal waves in the ocean, we use direct numerical simulations to investigate the effect of a time-dependent shear forcing on the evolution and mixing of turbulence produced by Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI) at high Reynolds number. The forcing is implemented using a tilting coordinate system which causes the background shear to accelerate and decelerate periodically. We demonstrate that, with suitable timing between development of instability and the shear oscillation cycle, turbulence produced by KHI with a decelerating shear mixes in a distinctly different way from the ﬂow with constant background shear, speciﬁcally with the energy for turbulent motions extracted from alternative sources. As a result, the total amount of mixing as measured by the change in background potential energy can in fact be signiﬁcantly larger for ﬂows in which the shear is decelerated, despite the fact that the total kinetic energy in the ﬂow is signiﬁcantly smaller. The mixing has characteristics more in common with convectively driven rather than shear-driven ﬂows, supporting the argument for an underlying change in the mechanisms triggering the turbulence.