Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An ecological risk assessment for mosquito insecticides

Since 1999, North America has seen the largest arboviral encephalitis epidemic in its history as a result of West Nile Virus (WNV). Vector management programs have been intensively implemented to manage mosquitoes that carry WNV. My ecological risk assessment focused on six common mosquito adulticides used in vector management, including four pyrethroids (d-phenothrin, resmethrin, and permethrin), pyrethrins, and two organophosphates (malathion and naled). Piperonyl butoxide, a synergist for the pyrethroids, was also included. Both aquatic and terrestrial non-target organisms were considered for acute and chronic exposures to the adulticides. Tier I exposure estimates were derived from ISCST3 and AERMOD (Industrial Source Complex models) for deposition and air concentrations affecting terrestrial organisms and PRZM-EXAMS (Pesticide Root Zone Model-Exposure Analysis Modeling System) for standard pond concentrations affecting aquatic organisms. A probabilistic assessment was also conducted to account for variability within the exposure models. Non-targets included for adulticides were small mammals, birds, as well as aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates in a pond receiving the chemical via drift and runoff. Risk quotients were obtained by comparing exposure with toxic endpoints. These risk quotients were compared to the probability of obtaining the deterministic values given the models used. Neither the 17 deterministic nor the probabilistic assessment calculated risk quotients that exceeded a regulatory level of concern except for amphipods exposed to organophosphates. All of the risk quotients calculated in the deterministic model had risk quotients greater than the 95 percentile of the possible outcomes given the probabilistic model.
Deformation along the San Andreas Fault 1982–1986 as indicated by frequent geodolite measurements

Frequent (4–12 times per year) measurements of six 3-line (lengths 10–40 km) strain networks located along the locked sections of the San Andreas fault in southern and central California provide a time history of deformation along the fault in the interval 1982–1986. The standard error in measurement ranges from 0.4 ppm in line length for the shortest lines to 0.2 ppm for the longest lines. Except for one example of coseismic offset and postseismic relaxation the observations are at least marginally consistent with uniform-in-time deformation. The records of deformation at the networks closest to the epicenters of two recent magnitude 6 California earthquakes (1984 Morgan Hill and 1986 North Palm Springs) were particularly stable in the year preceding the earthquakes. Thus it is unlikely that these earthquakes were triggered by regional strain events. However, marginally significant anomalies were observed 12–18 months before both earthquakes.
RESPOSTA MORFOLÓGICA DO CORAÇÃO DE ZEBRAFISH (Danio rerio) DECORRENTES DE DIETA HIPERCALÓRICA E EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO

Foi avaliada quantitativamente a estrutura dos cardiomiócitos, núcleos de cardiomiócitos e fibras colágenas cardíacas de 48 Zebrafish, adultos, submetidos a dieta hipercalórica e exercício físico. A densidade volumétrica (Vv%) de cardiomiócitos foi de 54,71% ± 5,42 no GM-dieta manutenção e de 44,31% ± 6,21 no GMex dieta manutenção + exercício físico, P=0,0142; de 62,71% ± 7,4 no GH-dieta hipercalórica e de 65,21% ± 2,29 no GHex-dieta hipercalórica e exercício físico, P=0,028. A densidade volumétrica (Vv%) de núcleos de cardiomiócitos foi de 18,29% ± 5,28 no GM e de 16,71% ± 1,25 no GMex, P=0,5384; de 16,14% ± 5,69 no GH e de 14,14% ± 1,21 para os animais do GHex, P=0,3738. A densidade volumétrica (Vv%) das fibras colágenas foi de 7% ± 0,86 no GM e de 4,89% ± 2,14 no GMex, P=0,0391; de 4% ± 1,73 no GH e de 3,33% ± 2,23 no GHex, P=0,0412. A estrutura cardíaca sofreu modificações estruturais das células musculares e ainda nas quantidades de tecido conjuntivo. Comprovando desta forma a efetividade do modelo utilizado e protocolo imposto.
Oxygen isotope composition of bivalve seasonal growth increments and ambient water in the rivers Rhine and Meuse

Abstract The application of oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) from freshwater bivalves as a proxy for river discharge conditions in the Rhine and Meuse rivers is investigated. We compared a dataset of water temperature and water δ18O values with a selection of recent shell δ18O records for two species of the genus Unio in order to establish: (1) whether differences between the rivers in water δ18O values, reflecting river discharge conditions, are recorded in unionid shells; and (2) to what extent ecological parameters influence the accuracy of bivalve shell δ18O values as proxies of seasonal, water oxygen isotope conditions in these rivers. The results show that shells from the two rivers differ significantly in δ18O values, reflecting different source waters for these two rivers. The seasonal shell δ18O records show truncated sinusoidal patterns with narrow peaks and wide troughs, caused by temperature fractionation and winter growth cessation. Interannual growth rate reconstructions show an ontogenetic growth rate decrease. Growth lines in the shell often, but not always, coincide with winter growth cessations in the δ18O record, suggesting that growth cessations in the shell δ18O records are a better age estimator than counting internal growth lines. Seasonal predicted and measured δ18O values correspond well, supporting the hypothesis that these unionids precipitate their shells in oxygen isotopic equilibrium. This means that (sub-) fossil unionids can be used to reconstruct spring-summer river discharge conditions, such as Meuse low-discharge events caused by droughts and Rhine meltwater-influx events caused by melting of snow in the Alps.
Morphologic, phenotypic, and genotypic similarities between primary tumors and corresponding 3D cultures grown in a repeatable system

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures are the new frontier for reproducing the tumor micro-environment in vitro. The aims of the study were (1) to establish primary 3D cell cultures from canine spontaneous neoplasms and (2) to demonstrate the morphological, phenotypic and genetypic similarities between the primary canine neoplasms and the corresponding 3D cultures, through the expression of tumor differentiation markers. Results: Seven primary tumors were collected, including 4 carcinomas and 3 soft tissue sarcomas. 3D cell cultures reproduced the morphological features of the primary tumors and showed an overlapping immunophenotype of the primary epithelial tumors. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the growth of stromal cells and macrophages admixed with the neoplastic epithelial component, reproducing the tumor microenvironment. Mesenchymal 3D cultures reproduced the immunophenotype of the primary tumor completely in 2 out of 3 examined cases while a discordant expression was documented for a single marker in one case. No single nucleotide variants or small indel were detected in TP53 or MDM2 genes, both in primary tumors and in 3D cell cultures specimens. In one sample, MDM2 amplicons were preferentially ampli�ed compared to TP53 ones, indicating ampli�cation of MDM2, detectable both in the primary tumor and in the corresponding cell culture specimen. Conclusion: Here we demonstrate a good cell morphology, phenotype and genetic pro�le overlap between primary tumors and the corresponding 3D cultures grown in a repeatable system.
The role of midlatitude storms on air‐sea exchange of CO2

Hurricanes influence the local rates of air‐sea CO2 exchange. Changes in fCO2w, the fugacity of CO2 in bulk water, result from storm‐induced sea surface temperature (SST) changes and from upwelling. Using numerical studies and comparing recent formulations for the gas transfer velocity kL, we discuss the impact of Hurricane Gustav (2002) on fCO2w and air‐sea CO2 exchange. We show that Gustav resulted in enhanced CO2 flux, with the maximum occurring at the storm's peak intensity.
Game Theoretic Best-Response Dynamics for Evacuees ’ Exit Selection

We present a model for evacuees’ exit selection in emergency evacuations. The model is based on the game theoretic concept of best response dynamics, where each player updates his strategy periodically by reacting optimally to other players’ strategies. A fixed point of the system of all players’ best response functions defines a Nash equilibrium (NE) of the game. In the model the players are the evacuees and the strategies are the possible target exits. We present a mathematical formulation for the model and show that the game has an NE with pure strategies. We also analyze different iterative methods for finding the NE and derive an upper bound for the number of iterations needed to find the equilibrium. Numerical simulations are used to analyze the properties of the model.
SHALLOW CRUSTAL STRUCTURE BELOW MEXICO CITY

From unreversed seismic refraction profiles, using quarry blasts as source, a 2-layer upper crustal structure below Mexico City is obtained: for the first layer (2 km thick) α 1 (the compressional wave velocity) =2.9 km/sec, for the second layer α 2 =4.7 km/sec. These values compare reasonably well the values obtained in the lake of Texcoco from short reversed refraction profiles.
Estimation of �ow trajectories in a multi-linestransportation network

Characterizing a public transportation network, such as an urban network with multiple lines, requires the origin-destination trip counts during a given period. Yet, if automatic counting makes the embarkment (boarding) and disembarkment (alighting) counts in vehicles known, it often happens that pedestrian transfers between lines are harder to track, and require costly and invasive devices (e.g., facial recognition system) to be estimated. In this contribution, we propose a method, based on maximum entropy and involving an iterative ﬁtting procedure, which estimates the passenger ﬂow between origins and destinations solely based on embarkment and disembarkment counts. Moreover, this method is ﬂexible enough to provide an adaptable framework in case additional data is known, such as attraction poles between certain nodes in the network, or percentages of transferring passengers between some lines. This method is tested on toy examples, as well as with the data of the public transportation network of the city of Lausanne provided by its Transportation Agency (tl), and gives arguably convincing estimations of the transportation ﬂow.
Phylogenetic inference of the emergence of sequence modules and protein-protein interactions in the ADAMTS-TSL family S2 Appendix: Partial local multiple alignment with Paloma-D

We detail here the procedure used to build the partial local multiple alignment (PLMA) [1] of the ADAMTS-TSL and ADAM sequence dataset-214 contained in the fasta file representatives.fasta by the command paloma-d -i representatives.fasta -M 20 -t 10 . An article with a complete presentation of Paloma-D is in preparation, the description will be limited here to this set of options. Computation of candidate diagonal set. In its initial step, Paloma-D builds a set C of candidate pairwise local alignments between all the pairs of sequences to align. With the given command line options, C contains all the diagonals, i.e. gap-free pairs of sequence segments of equal length, considered for alignment by DIALIGN 2 [2] of length smaller or equal to 20 residues ( -M 20 ) and of weight greater or equal to 10 ( -t 10 ). The weight w ( D ) of a diagonal D of length l and similarity score s ( s is here the sum of the BLOSUM62 [3] scores of the l facing residues in the diagonal) is
Quantitative network model predictions of saturation behind infiltration fronts and comparison with experiments

Infiltrations with certain boundary and initial conditions show an anomalous behavior where the water saturation and pressure profile are inverted in the vertical direction. This occurs when the water at the infiltration front oversaturates the porous medium, causing drainage behind the front, and is most likely due to the front being sharp at the pore scale. Here we attempt to quantitatively model water flow at infiltration fronts by using a physically based network model that includes viscous effects. The network model includes pore and throat elements of different shapes and sizes, and a connection topology based on geologic media. Viscous effects are added quasi‐statically through calculating the water pressure in each element for a particular applied flux. For media with a small initial saturation, the infiltration flux range for which saturation overshoot occurs is predicted by the network model. For initially dry media, the model predictions scale correctly with media size but require an independent parameter to predict the absolute transition flux. The predicted magnitude of the overshoot does not match particularly well with the measured magnitude for coarse media, although this may be the result of certain simplified assumptions in the model. The results suggest that pore‐scale modeling can make certain quantitative predictions of saturation overshoot.
Sistema Neural Integrado para a Identificação de Áreas Desflorestadas por Corte Raso na Floresta Amazônica

This paper shows the classification obtained with an integrated system based on artificial neural networks to map land use and cover areas in the Brazilian Amazon. This system is composed to three neural nets models: Multi-Layer Perceptron, Learning Vector Quantization, and Radial Basis Function. After the training and recognition phase, the results obtained with each net were combined and a final thematic map was generated through the integration module. The system showed to be very promising for studying the targets inside MODIS images for purposes as deforested areas monitoring. 1. Introducao
Crystal uptake into aphyric arc melts: insights from two-pyroxene pseudo-decompression paths, plagioclase hygrometry, and measurement of hydrogen in olivines from mafic volcanics of SW Japan

Abstract Minerals of mafic rocks from the SW Japan arc have been studied to deduce P–T–XH2O conditions and their variations in mafic arc magmas. Two-pyroxene thermobarometry of magmas from several volcanoes yields constant temperatures and variable pressures. MELTS fractional crystallization modelling is employed to show that such ‘pseudo-decompression paths’ (PDPs) are artefacts that derive from uptake of pyroxene antecrysts formed at a range of crustal levels by isobaric cooling of previously intruded mafic melts. It is shown that PDPs can be used to constrain oxygen fugacities and initial water contents of the intruded magmas. These constraints, and plagioclase hygrometry, indicate that initial melt H2O contents change systematically along the SW Japan arc. Direct determination of hydrogen in olivine by secondary ion mass spectrometry yields consistently low olivine H2O contents of 11±4 ppm (1σ), with little, if any, along-arc variations. MELTS modelling indicates that crystallization of calcic plagioclase and olivine dominantly occurs during upper crustal differentiation of mafic melts. The combined data indicate that aphyric melts are released from the mantle wedge, taking up most if not all crystals from previously intruded plutonic rocks during rapid magma ascent to the surface.
Value of Travel-Time Reliability: Commuters Route-Choice Behavior in the Twin Cities

Travel-time variability is a noteworthy factor in network performance. It measures the temporal uncertainty experienced by users in their movement between any two nodes in a network. The importance of the time variance depends on the penalties incurred by the users. In road networks, travelers consider the existence of this journey uncertainty in their selection of routes. This choice process takes into account travel-time variability and other characteristics of the travelers and the road network. In this complex behavioral response, a feasible decision is spawned based on not only the amalgamation of attributes, but also on the experience travelers incurred from previous situations. Over the past several years, the analysis of these behavioral responses (travelers’ route choices) to fluctuations in travel-time variability has become a central topic in transportation research. These have generally been based on theoretical approaches built upon Wardropian equilibrium, or empirical formulations using Random Utility Theory. This report focuses on the travel behavior of commuters using Interstate 394 (I-394) and the swapping (bridge) choice behavior of commuters crossing the Mississippi River in Minneapolis. The inferences of this report are based on collected Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking data and accompanying surveys. Furthermore, it also employs two distinct approaches (estimation of Value of Reliability [VOR] and econometric modeling with travelers’ intrapersonal data) in order to analyze the behavioral responses of two distinct sets of subjects in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul (Twin Cities) area.
The detection of ship trail clouds by artificial neural network

The work described in this paper is concerned with the analysis of AVHRR data which visually exhibit ship trail clouds. The aim was to devise an automatic means of identifying these features. The existence of ship trail clouds has been known for some time, though the exact mechanism for their formation is not yet fully understood. They are normally associated with low-level stratus and stratocumulus cloud and are thought to be caused by the presence of condensation nuclei emanating from the ship exhaust funnel. Given the right conditions, these trails can be easily seen in both visible and infrared imagery and under calm conditions they can exist for several days. Edge-detection analysis was found to be unsatisfactory for identification purposes and hence a neural approach was adopted. The neural analysis was shown to be very promising. Application of a neural network trained on four images resulted in the detection of the presence of most of the trails in the dataset on which it was trained. Just as impo.
Microbiota associated with meiofaunal nemerteans reveals evidence of phylosymbiosis

Phylosymbiosis, the association between the phylogenetic relatedness of hosts and the composition of their microbial communities, is a widespread phenomenon in diverse animal taxa. However, the generality of the existence of such a pattern has been questioned, and there seems evidence against its occurrence in small-sized aquatic animals, for which the microbiota composition is mostly shaped by local environmental factors. This study aims to investigate the microbial communities associated with poorly known marine interstitial nemerteans to uncover their microbiota diversity and assess the occurrence of phylosymbiosis. Through a comprehensive approach, specimens from various Central American sites were analyzed using morphology-based taxonomy and molecular techniques targeting the host 18S rRNA gene whereas their microbial association was analyzed by targeting the prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene. Phylogenetic and statistical analyses were conducted to examine the potential eﬀects of host nemertean taxa and sampling locations on the host-associated microbial communities. The results provide compelling evidence of phylosymbiosis in meiofaunal nemerteans, emphasizing the signiﬁcant impact of host genetic relatedness on microbiome diversity also in small-sized animals. Additional research is needed to fully unravel potential symbiotic relationships as well as the complex mechanisms that govern the relationships between hosts and their microbiota across various organisms and ecological settings. The remarkable diversity of meiofaunal animals, spanning various animal phyla with diﬀerent lifestyles and inhabiting diverse ecosystems, combined with the advancements in multi-omics approaches, oﬀers a promising avenue for comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary and ecological interactions between hosts and their microbiota throughout the animal tree of life.
Ultraviolet aerosol optical properties retrieved during the 2006 MIRAGE-Mex experiment: initial results

Values for aerosol optical properties in the ultra-violet (UV) spectral range, including total ozone column (TOC), asymmetry factor (g) and seven wavelength channel (300-, 305-, 311-, 317-, 325-, 332- and 368-nm) aerosol optical depths (AOD) and aerosol single scattering albedos (SSA), were obtained via an optimal estimation algorithm from direct and diffuse ground-based irradiance measurements made by UV-MultiFilter Rotating ShadowBand Radiometers (UV-MFRSR), owned and operated by the United States Department of Agriculture's UV Monitoring and Research Program (USDA UVMRP). These instruments were deployed at three different sites during the 2006 Megacities Impact on Regional And Global Environment, Mexico City Pollution Outflow Experiement (MIRAGE-MEX) field campaign. The Tropospheric Ultraviolet-Visible (TUV) radiative transfer model was utilized as the forward model in the retrieval algorithm. Initial results of the aerosol optical properties at one site were analyzed and intercompared to results obtained from independent methods. Actinic fluxes were modeled using the retrieved atmospheric properties as inputs and the results compared to independent measurements. This data set, in conjunction with many others collected during the campaign, will help to address MIRAGE-MEX science objectives related to the aging of air pollution and the evolution of the radiative properties of gases and aerosols.