Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circular dichroism in photoemission from nonmagnetic, low-Z solids : a conspicuous effect of the photon spin

A new phenomenon has been observed in solid-state photoemission with circularly polarized light. Its outward appearance is similar to the circular dichroism in photoabsorption. For special observation geometries, large photoelectron intensity asymmetries arise upon reversal of the photon helicity. The effect is not based on spin-orbit interaction, as is demonstrated by the example of photoemission from graphite (Z = 6). Similar asymmetries are expected for all single-crystal solids thus opening up a new class of experiments providing new tests for photoemission theories. Detailed information on the dynamics of photoexcitation of a solid can be gained, as discussed in terms of a simple orbital model.
Resonances of individual lithographic gold nanowires in the infrared

With infrared spectroscopic microscopy using synchrotron radiation, we systematically studied resonant light scattering from electron-beam lithographically produced gold nanowires (nanostripes) with diameters in the 100 nm range and with various lengths below 1 to about 2.5 μm. Similar to electrochemically grown cylindrical wires of high crystalline quality, clear antennalike plasmon resonances were observed for these stripelike and less-perfect wires. The resonance wavelength shifts with length as theoretically predicted for cylindrical gold antennas in the optical range. Surprisingly, also the extinction cross section of the nanostripes is equal to that measured for highly crystalline cylinders.
A new joint geo-opportunistic routing scheme in duty cycled internet of underwater things

: The inefficient consumption of energy is a critical challenge in internet of underwater things (IoUTs) because of difficult replenishment of energy. It is possible to overcome this difficulty by introducing sleep-awake scheduling for energy conservation. In this paper, two schemes have been proposed focusing on energy efficiency: geo-opportunistic asynchronous sleep-awake scheduling routing technique (GOASST) and coordinated sink mobility-based GOASST (CSM-GOASST). By exploiting geographic and opportunistic routing paradigms, the advantages like path diversity and improved reliable communication have been achieved. Moreover, the coordinated sink mobility in multi-sink architecture introduced in CSM-GOASST exhibits potential in reducing end-to-end network delay. In CSM-GOASST, an optimal sink position helps to find the shortest path to deliver data to the destination. In addition, linear programming-based mathematical modelling is carried out for performance parameters to find feasible solutions. The performance of the proposed schemes is evaluated by performing extensive simulations.
Field Use of Protective Bacteriophages against Pectinolytic Bacteria of Potato

The pectinolytic Dickeya solani bacterium is an important pathogen found in potatoes. We conducted laboratory and field experiments mimicking severe and mild Dickeya spp. infection and investigated the application of a mixture of two lytic bacteriophages before and after bacterial infection to protect the plants. Application of the phage solution to tuber disks and wounded tubers did not completely eliminate the infection but reduced the development of soft rot symptoms by 59.5–91.4%, depending on the phage concentration. In the field trial, plants treated with bacteriophages after severe Dickeya infection had 5–33% greater leaf cover and 4–16% greater tuber yield compared to untreated plants. When simulating a mild infection, leaf cover was 11–42% greater, and tuber yield was 25–31% greater compared to untreated plants. We conclude that the phage mixture has the potential to protect potatoes ecologically from D. solani.
Application of the method of potential functions to fault diagnosis

A new technique for estimating parameter drift, based on the method of potential functions, is suggested. When one of the parameters has a very much larger drift than the others, thus constituting a fault, it has been found possible to isolate this parameter as the one with the largest estimated drift, even though the sensitivity functions associated with the parameters are not orthogonal.
On the arrest of inverse energy cascade and the rhines scale

Abstract The notion of the cascade arrest in a β-plane turbulence in the context of continuously forced flows is revised in this paper using both theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. It is demonstrated that the upscale energy propagation cannot be stopped by a β effect and can only be absorbed by friction. A fundamental dimensional parameter in flows with a β effect, the Rhines scale, LR, has traditionally been associated with the cascade arrest or with the scale that separates turbulence and Rossby wave–dominated spectral ranges. It is shown that rather than being a measure of the inverse cascade arrest, LR is a characteristic of different processes in different flow regimes. In unsteady flows, LR can be identified with the moving energy front propagating toward the decreasing wavenumbers. When large-scale energy sink is present, β-plane turbulence may attain several steady-state regimes. Two of these regimes are highlighted: friction-dominated and zonostrophic. In the former, LR does not have.
Terahertz spectral analysis by ac Josephson effect in high-Tc bicrystal junctions

A prototype of a terahertz Hilbert-transform spectrum analyzer based on a high-T c Josephson junction integrated into a Stirling cooler has been developed. The detector response of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x Josephson grain-boundary junctions to monochromatic radiation with the frequency f in the range from 60 GHz to 5 THz has been studied. Odd-symmetric resonances near the voltages V=hf/2e in the responses ΔI(V) of these junctions to radiation with different frequencies / have been observed in a decade of spectral range for any operating temperature between 30 to 85 K. Decreasing the junction temperature from 85 to 30 K by a Stirling cooler, the spectral analysis could be made in two decades of spectral range. A resolving power δf/f ∼ 10 -3 has been shown in the terahertz spectral analysis with the low-resistive Josephson junctions. As an example of application of this analyzer, an optimization of the tingle-line operation of a far-infrared optically-pumped CH 3 OH laser has been demonstrated.
Item Parceling Strategies in SEM: Investigating the Subtle Effects of Unmodeled Secondary Constructs

For theoretical and empirical reasons, researchers may combine item-level responses into aggregate item parcels to use as indicators in a structural equation modeling context. Yet the effects of specific parceling strategies on parameter estimation and model fit are not known. In Study 1, different parceling combinations meaningfully affected parameter estimates and fit indicators in two organizational data sets. Based on the concept of external consistency, the authors proposed that combining items that shared an unmodeled secondary influence into the same parcel (shared uniqueness strategy) would enhance the accuracy of parameter estimates. This proposal was supported in Study 2, using simulated data generated from a known model. When the unmodeled secondary influence was related to indicators of only one latent construct, the shared uniqueness parceling strategy resulted in more accurate parameter estimates. When indicators of both target latent constructs were contaminated, bias was present but appropriately signaled by worsened fit statistics.
Deep Learning-Based Fiber Bending Recognition for Sensor Applications

The sensitivity of multimode fibers (MMFs) to mechanical deformations has led to their widespread use in various fields, such as structural monitoring and healthcare. However, traditional optical fiber sensing techniques often involve complex equipment and analysis procedures. In this work, we demonstrate the use of deep learning (DL) to accurately detect both the curvature and location of a bent MMF under external force. The DL model is trained using intensity-only speckle images as input, which corresponds to the bending curvature and location. Our results show that the network can detect the bending location with an accuracy of 1.39 cm and the curvature with an accuracy of 0.158 $\text{m}^{-{1}}$ .
Large-scale features in turbulent pipe and channel flows

In recent years there has been significant progress made towards understanding the large-scale structure of wall-bounded shear flows. Most of this work has been conducted with turbulent boundary layers, leaving scope for further work in pipes and channels. In this article the structure of fully developed turbulent pipe and channel flow has been studied using custom-made arrays of hot-wire probes. Results reveal long meandering structures of length up to 25 pipe radii or channel half-heights. These appear to be qualitatively similar to those reported in the log region of a turbulent boundary layer. However, for the channel case, large-scale coherence persists further from the wall than in boundary layers. This is expected since these large-scale features are a property of the logarithmic region of the mean velocity profile in boundary layers and it is well-known that the mean velocity in a channel remains very close to the log law much further from the wall. Further comparison of the three turbulent flows shows that the characteristic structure width in the logarithmic region of a boundary layer is at least 1.6 times smaller than that in a pipe or channel.
QISO-SLAM: Object-Oriented SLAM Using Dual Quadrics as Landmarks Based on Instance Segmentation

Dual quadrics as landmarks in object-oriented SLAM have recently attracted much attention due to the advantages in the mathematical completeness of projective geometry. Current researches suffer from a lack of either robustness or practicability. This letter introduces a full SLAM framework with pre-processing, data association, single-frame ellipsoid initialization, and a multi-step bundle adjustment process. The cost functions in bundle adjustment are built with the approximated geometric error using contour points extracted from 2D instance segmentation results. The variables of dual quadrics and camera poses are optimized repeatedly through the multi-step bundle adjustment process, namely object optimization, pose optimization, and a local bundle adjustment based on covisibility. It is demonstrated in the experiments that our system can reconstruct a precise high-level 3D map. Besides, superior localization performance is presented with and without accurate odometry inputs.
First experience with 224Radium-labeled microparticles (Radspherin®) after CRS-HIPEC for peritoneal metastasis in colorectal cancer (a phase 1 study)

Background Peritoneal metastasis (PM) from colorectal cancer carries a dismal prognosis despite extensive cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC). With a median time to recurrence of 11–12 months, there is a need for novel therapies. Radspherin® consists of the α-emitting radionuclide radium-224 (224Ra), which has a half-life of 3.6 days and is adsorbed to a suspension of biodegradable calcium carbonate microparticles that are designed to give short-range radiation to the serosal peritoneal surface linings, killing free-floating and/or tumor cell clusters that remain after CRS-HIPEC. Methods A first-in-human phase 1 study (EudraCT 2018–002803-33) was conducted at two specialized CRS-HIPEC centers. Radspherin® was administered intraperitoneally 2 days after CRS-HIPEC. Dose escalation at increasing activity dose levels of 1-2-4-7-MBq, a split-dose repeated injection, and expansion cohorts were used to evaluate the safety and tolerability of Radspherin®. The aim was to explore the recommended dose and biodistribution using gamma-camera imaging. The results from the planned safety interim analysis after the completion of the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) period of 30 days are presented. Results Twenty-three patients were enrolled: 14 in the dose escalation cohort, three in the repeated cohort, and six in the expansion cohort. Of the 23 enrolled patients, seven were men and 16 were women with a median age of 64 years (28–78). Twelve patients had synchronous PM stage IV and 11 patients had metachronous PM [primary stage II; (6) and stage III; (5)], with a disease-free interval of 15 months (3–30). The peritoneal cancer index was median 7 (3–19), operation time was 395 min (194–515), and hospital stay was 12 days (7–37). A total of 68 grade 2 adverse events were reported for 17 patients during the first 30 days; most were considered related to CRS and/or HIPEC. Only six of the TEAEs were evaluated as related to Radspherin®. One TEAE, anastomotic leakage, was reported as grade 3. Accordion ≥3 grade events occurred in a total of four of the 23 patients: reoperation due to anastomotic leaks (two) and drained abscesses (two). No DLT was documented at the 7 MBq dose level that was then defined as the recommended dose. The biodistribution of Radspherin® showed a relatively even peritoneal distribution. Conclusion All dose levels of Radspherin® were well tolerated, and DLT was not reached. No deaths occurred, and no serious adverse events were considered related to Radspherin®. Clinical Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT 03732781.
Threshold Determination Method for Detecting the Gazing Areas on a PC Screen While Silent Reading Japanese Texts

This study aims to develop a method that can detect the areas of Japanese texts that are difficult to read on a PC screen by analyzing eye movements. An effective method for detecting the areas of text that are difficult to read is to create a heatmap and consider the areas where the eye stays for longer than a fixation duration threshold (threshold). Usually, the threshold is determined through a 50 ms step search. However, since the eye stay time (fixation duration) for difficult‐to‐read text is longer than the fixation duration when reading smoothly, it is expected that steps that last longer than 50 ms are more effective at detecting the threshold. Furthermore, there are individual differences in the speed at which we comprehend text. In this study, we proposed a method that considers both the efficient search and individual differences among each subject. The experimental results showed that the threshold determined by the proposed method is more useful than the thresholds of 1000 and 800 ms that were used in a previous study, as well as the usual fixation duration of 250 ms. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Acquisition and near-surface impacts on VSP mini-batch FWI and RTM imaging in desert environment

The SEG Advanced Modeling (SEAM) Arid benchmark model was designed to simulate an extremely heterogeneous low-velocity near surface (NS), which is typical of desert environments and typically not well characterized or imaged. Imaging of land seismic data is highly sensitive to errors in the NS velocity model. Vertical seismic profiling (VSP) partly alleviates the impact of the NS as the receivers are located at depth in the borehole. Deep learning (DL) offers a flexible optimization framework for full-waveform inversion (FWI), often outperforming typically used optimization methods. We investigate the quality of images that can be obtained from SEAM Arid VSP data by acoustic mini-batch reverse time migration (RTM) and full-waveform imaging. First, we focus on the effects of seismic vibrator and receiver array positioning and imperfect knowledge of the NS model when inverting 2D acoustic data. FWI imaging expectedly and consistently outperforms RTM in our tests. We find that the acquisition density is critical for RTM imaging and less so for FWI, while NS model accuracy is critical for FWI and has less effect on RTM imaging. Distributed acoustic sensing along the full length of the well provides noticeable improvement over a limited aperture array of geophones in imaging deep targets in both RTM and FWI imaging scenarios. Finally, we compare DL-based FWI imaging with inverse scattering RTM using the upgoing wavefield from the original SEAM data. Use of significantly more realistic 3D elastic physics for the simulated data generation and simple 2D acoustic inversion engine makes our inverse problem more realistic. We observe that FWI imaging in this case produces an image with fewer artifacts.
Modification of Demand Distributions on the Basis of Aggregate Information

Abstract This paper addresses the situation where information is known about the sum of a number of random variables as opposed to their individual values. For cases of normal and Poisson demand, results are developed for the conditional distribution of one of the variables given that we know i) the exact value of the sum or ii) that the sum is less than some value. Two modelling applications from the production/inventory field are discussed and an additional numerical example is presented.
Formation of massive stars

Abstract The formation of high-mass stars represents a challenge from both a theoretical and an observational point of view. Here, we present an overview of the current status of the observational research on this field, outlining the progress achieved in recent years on our knowledge of the initial phases of massive star formation. The fragmentation of cold, infrared-dark clouds, and the evidence for star formation activity on some of them will be discussed, together with the kinematics of the gas in hot molecular cores, which can give us insights on the mechanism leading to the birth of an OB star.
Photon-recycling and optically driven plasma-expansion techniques applied to lifetime experiments on molecular-beam-epitaxy ZnSe

Transient-grating techniques are used to investigate the picosecond dynamics of photoexcited carriers in a range of n- and p-doped ZnSe thin-film layers grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. Two-photon absorption is employed experimentally to generate known excitation levels, comparable with those under laser action in II–VI diode structures. The analysis of the measured grating decays, incorporating photon recycling, reveals carrier lifetimes of the order of 300 ps and radiative recombination coefficients of the order of 10−8 cm3 s−1. The influence of photon-assisted plasma expansion at excitation levels above the threshold for stimulated emission is modeled and quantified.
Estimation of the magnitude-squared coherence function via overlapped fast Fourier transform processing

A method for estimating the magnitude-squared coherence function for two zero-mean wide-sense-stationary random processes is presented. The estimation technique utilizes the weighted overlapped segmentation fast Fourier transform approach. Analytical and empirical results for statistics of the estimator are presented. The analytical expressions are limited to the nonoverlapped case; empirical results show a decrease in bias and variance of the estimator with increasing overlap and suggest a 50-percent overlap as being highly desirable when cosine (Hanning) weighting is used.
Multi-channel detection of ultrashort THz-pulses based on photoconductive antennas

We report on multi-channel detection of ultrashort THz pulses by a linear array of 16 photoconductive dipole antennas. The dipole antennas built on low-temperature grown GaAs are excited by a line focus of fs-pulses. By the parallel detection of a complete line of ultrashort THz pulses, the measurement speed of THz ultrashort pulse time domain systems can be accelerated by an order of magnitude. For demonstration, the THz beam profile along the line detector is determined, and its spectral dependence of the electric field distribution is compared and verified by wave-optical simulations.
The CRI‐CAM02UCS colour rendering index

A new colour rendering index, CRI-CAM02UCS, is proposed. It predicts visual results more accurately than the CIE CIR-Ra. It includes two components necessary for predicting colour rendering in one metric: a chromatic adaptation transform and uniform colour space based on the CIE recommended colour appearance model, CIECAM02. The new index gave the same ranks as those of CIE-Ra in the six lamps tested regardless the sample sets used. It was also found that the methods based on the size of colour gamut did not agree with those based on the test-sample method. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2012
Hybrid entanglement swapping of photons: Creating the orbital angular momentum Bell states and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states

Twisted photons offer a high-dimensional Hilbert space with the degree of freedom of orbital angular momentum (OAM). Entanglement swapping allows entangling photons that never interact. We report in this paper the hybrid entanglement swapping from multiphoton spin-entangled states to multiphoton OAM entangled states with the aid of N-pair hybrid spin-OAM entangled photons. Our scheme provides a feasible method for creating the two-photon OAM Bell states (N=2) or multiphoton multidimensional OAM Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states (N{>=}3). We highlight the advantage of multiparticle, multidimensional entangled states in some applications of quantum information protocols.
Learning Reference Governor for Constrained Spacecraft Rendezvous and Proximity Maneuvering

Spacecraft automated rendezvous, proximity maneuvering, and docking (ARPOD) play significant roles in many space missions, including on-orbit servicing and active debris removal. Precise modeling and prediction of spacecraft dynamics can be challenging due to the uncertainties and perturbation forces in the spacecraft operating environment and due to the multilayered structure of its nominal control system. Despite this complication, spacecraft maneuvers need to satisfy required constraints (thrust limits, line-of-sight cone constraints, relative velocity of approach constraints, etc.) to ensure safety and achieve ARPOD objectives. This paper considers an application of a learning-based reference governor (LRG) to spacecraft ARPOD operations to enforce constraints without relying on a dynamic model of the spacecraft during the mission. Similar to the conventional reference governor (RG), the LRG is an add-on supervisor to a closed-loop control system, serving as a prefilter on the command generated by the ARPOD planner. The LRG modifies, if it becomes necessary, the reference command to a constraint-admissible value to enforce specified constraints. The LRG is distinguished, however, by the ability to rely on learning instead of an explicit model of the system; and it guarantees constraints’ satisfaction during and after the learning. In this paper, the LRG is applied to the control of combined translational and rotational motions of a chaser spacecraft, and three case studies with different sets of safety constraints and thruster assumptions are used to demonstrate the benefits of the LRG in ARPOD missions.
Chernoff's theorem in the branching random walk

If Fn∗ is the n-fold Stieltjes convolution of the increasing function F, then a version of Chernoff's theorem, on the limiting behaviour of (Fn∗ (na))1/n , is established for Fn∗ . If Z (n)(t) is the number of the nth-generation people to the left of t in a supercritical branching random walk then an analogous result is proved for Z (n).
High-power fiber lasers for the shortwave infrared

Silicate glass based fiber lasers emitting in the shortwave infrared spectrum, i.e., 1.4 μm to 3 μm are based on the phonon-terminated transitions of Er, Tm and Ho. In this review I will examine the pump, fiber and dopant configurations that have been tested in order to maximize the efficiency and output power produced from these transitions and I will highlight some of the issues that may need to be addressed in order to further scale the output power.