Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genealogical analysis of European bison population revealed a growing up population despite very low genetic diversity

In 1919, the European bison population became extinct in the wild. The rescue of the lowland subspecies and the whole species was achieved mainly thanks to individuals from the Białowieża Forest (Polish-Belarusian border). There are currently two breeding lines—the lowland (purebred B. b. Bonasus) founded by 7 individuals and the lowland-Caucasian (hybrids of B. b. Bonasus and B. b. caucasicus) founded by 12 individuals. This genealogical study was conducted on 15,071 individuals recorded in the pedigree book between 1881 and 2020. Its objective was to determine the level of genetic variability and inbreeding almost 100 years after the rescue measures were initiated. The completeness of the pedigree of the reference population was 77% in the fifth generation backwards. A maximum of 23 generations can be traced back in the pedigree. The average inbreeding coefficient and the mean average relatedness of the reference population were very high, about 17% and 16% respectively. No significant amount of new inbreeding was discovered. The reference population has lost 9.11% of the total genetic diversity compared to the population of founders. A male of the Caucasian subspecies Kaukasus was discovered among the ancestors of the lowland lineage reference population. The effective population size calculated based on the increase in inbreeding was 23.93 individuals, based on complete generations equivalent it was 16.1 individuals. Wright’s F-statistics showed very small differences in genotypic frequencies between individuals within the two lineages in the reference population (FIS = 0.10), between individuals and the total population (FIT = 0.04) and low differentiation between lineages (FST = 0.06). The population of the European bison from the Białowieża Forest is generally very uniform but still shows good fitness.
THE GALACTIC CENTER S-STARS AND THE HYPERVELOCITY STARS IN THE GALACTIC HALO: TWO FACES OF THE TIDAL BREAKUP OF STELLAR BINARIES BY THE CENTRAL MASSIVE BLACK HOLE?

In this paper, we investigate the link between the hypervelocity stars (HVSs) discovered in the Galactic halo and the Galactic center (GC) S-stars, under the hypothesis that they are both the products of the tidal breakup of the same population of stellar binaries by the central massive black hole (MBH). By adopting several hypothetical models for binaries to be injected into the vicinity of the MBH and doing numerical simulations, we realize the tidal breakup processes of the binaries and their follow-up dynamical evolution. We find that many statistical properties of the detected HVSs and GC S-stars could be reproduced under some binary injecting models, and their number ratio can be reproduced if the stellar initial mass function is top-heavy (e.g., with slope ∼ − 1.6). The total number of the captured companions is ∼50 that have masses in the range ∼3–7 M☉ and semimajor axes ≲ 4000 AU and survive to the present within their main-sequence lifetime. The innermost one is expected to have a semimajor axis ∼300–1500 AU and a pericenter distance ∼10–200 AU, with a significant probability of being closer to the MBH than S2. Future detection of such a close star would offer an important test to general relativity. The majority of the surviving ejected companions of the GC S-stars are expected to be located at Galactocentric distances ≲ 20 kpc, and have heliocentric radial velocities ∼ − 500–1500 km s−1 and proper motions up to ∼5–20 mas yr−1. Future detection of these HVSs may provide evidence for the tidal breakup formation mechanism of the GC S-stars.
Complications Associated with Foodborne Listeriosis: A Scoping Review.

Listeria monocytogenes is a relatively rare but highly pathogenic bacterium that can cause foodborne infections. In the United States there are ∼1600 cases per year, 94% of which result in hospitalizations and 20% in deaths. Per-case burden is high because the disease also causes serious complications, including sepsis, encephalitis, meningitis, miscarriage, and stillbirth. The disease burden of L. monocytogenes is underestimated because some of these acute complications can also result in long-term outcomes. In this article, we conducted a scoping review of L. monocytogenes complications and longer term outcomes from articles published between 2000 and 2018. Search terms were developed for four major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase) as well as gray literature and hand searches of review articles. We follow standard scoping review methodology and assessment. Out of 10,618 unique articles originally identified, 115 articles were included, representing 49 unique outcomes. The majority of studies were cohort designs (n = 67) and conducted in the United States or Europe (n = 98). Four major outcome groupings were death, neurological disorders, sepsis, and congenital infection. This study identifies substantial research on the common acute complications of L. monocytogenes and few long-term consequences of L. monocytogenes. We identify the need for additional studies to determine the longer term impacts of these acute complications.
BREAKING THE LAW: THE Mbh–Mspheroid RELATIONS FOR CORE-SÉRSIC AND SÉRSIC GALAXIES

The popular log-linear relation between supermassive black hole mass, Mbh, and the dynamical mass of the host spheroid, Msph, is shown to require a significant correction. Core galaxies, typically with Mbh ≳ 2 × 108 M☉ and thought to be formed in dry merger events, are shown to be well described by a linear relation for which the median black hole mass is 0.36%—roughly double the old value of constancy. Of greater significance is that Mbh∝M2sph among the (non-pseudobulge) lower-mass systems: specifically, log [Mbh/M☉] = (1.92 ± 0.38)log [Msph/7 × 1010 M☉] + (8.38 ± 0.17). “Classical” spheroids hosting a 106 M☉ black hole will have Mbh/Msph ∼ 0.025%. These new relations presented herein (1) bring consistency to the relation Mbh∝σ5 and the fact that L∝σx with exponents of 5 and 2 for bright (MB ≲ −20.5 mag) and faint spheroids, respectively, (2) mimic the non-(log-linear) behavior known to exist in the Mbh–(Sérsic n) diagram, (3) necessitate the existence of a previously overlooked Mbh∝L2.5 relation for Sérsic (i.e., not core-Sérsic) galaxies, and (4) resolve past conflicts (in mass prediction) with the Mbh–σ relation at the low-mass end. Furthermore, the bent nature of the Mbh–Msph relation reported here for “classical” spheroids will have a host of important implications that, while not addressed in this paper, relate to (1) galaxy/black hole formation theories, (2) searches for the fundamental, rather than secondary, black hole scaling relation, (3) black hole mass predictions in other galaxies, (4) alleged pseudobulge detections, (5) estimates of the black hole mass function and mass density based on luminosity functions, (6) predictions for space-based gravitational wave detections, (7) connections with nuclear star cluster scaling relations, (8) evolutionary studies over different cosmic epochs, (9) comparisons and calibrations matching inactive black hole masses with low-mass active galactic nucleus data, and more.
Parameter constraints from weak-lensing tomography of galaxy shapes and cosmic microwave background fluctuations

Recently, it has been shown that cross-correlating CMB lensing and 3D cosmic shear allows to considerably tighten cosmological parameter constraints. We investigate whether similar improvement can be achieved in a conventional tomographic setup. We present Fisher parameter forecasts for a Euclid-like galaxy survey in combination with different ongoing and forthcoming CMB experiments. In contrast to a fully three-dimensional analysis we find only marginal improvement. Assuming Planck-like CMB data we show that including the full covariance of the combined CMB and cosmic shear data improves the dark energy figure of merit by only three per cent. The marginalized error on the sum of neutrino masses is reduced at the same level. For a next generation CMB satellite mission such as Prism the predicted improvement of the dark energy figure of merit amounts to approximately 25 per cent. Furthermore, we show that the small improvement is contrasted by an increased bias in the dark energy parameters when the intrinsic alignment of galaxies is not correctly accounted for in the full covariance matrix.
Hadronic spectra from deformed AdS backgrounds

Because of the presence of modified warp factors in metric tensors, we use deformed AdS5 spaces to apply the AdS/CFT correspondence to calculate the spectra for even and odd glueballs, scalar and vector mesons, and baryons with different spins. For the glueball cases, we derive their Regge trajectories and compare them with those related to the pomeron and the odderon. For the scalar and vector mesons, as well as baryons, the determined masses are compatible with the PDG. In particular, for these hadrons we found Regge trajectories compatible with another holographic approach as well as with the hadronic spectroscopy, which present an universal Regge slope of approximately 1.1 GeV2.
Improved cosmological model

We study a class of non-local, action-based, and purely gravitational models. These models seek to describe a cosmology in which inflation is driven by a large, bare cosmological constant that is screened by the self-gravitation between the soft gravitons that inflation rips from the vacuum. Inflation ends with the universe poised on the verge of gravitational collapse, in an oscillating phase of expansion and contraction that should lead to rapid reheating when matter is included. After the attainment of a hot, dense universe the nonlocal screening terms become constant as the universe evolves through a conventional phase of radiation domination. The onset of matter domination triggers a much smaller anti-screening effect that could explain the current phase of acceleration.
Detecting clonemate pairs in multicellular diploid clonal species based on a shared heterozygosity index

Clonal reproduction, the formation of nearly identical individuals via mitosis in the absence of genetic recombination, is a very common reproductive mode across plants, fungi and animals. To detect clonal genetic structure, genetic similarity indices based on shared alleles are widely used, such as the Jaccard index, or identity by state. Here we propose a new pairwise genetic similarity index, the SH index, based on segregating genetic marker loci (typically single nucleotide polymorphisms) that are identically heterozygous for pairs of samples (NSH). To test our method, we analyse two old seagrass clones (Posidonia australis, estimated to be around 8500 years old; Zostera marina, >750 years old) along with two young Z. marina clones of known age (17 years old). We show that focusing on shared heterozygosity amplifies the power to distinguish sample pairs belonging to different clones compared to methods focusing on all shared alleles. Our proposed workflow can successfully detect clonemates at a location dominated by a single clone. When the collected samples involve two or more clones, the SH index shows a clear gap between clonemate pairs and interclone sample pairs. Ideally NSH should be on the order of approximately ≥3000, a number easily achievable via restriction‐site associated DNA (RAD) sequencing or whole‐genome resequencing. Another potential application of the SH index is to detect possible parent–descendant pairs under selfing. Our proposed workflow takes advantage of the availability of the larger number of genetic markers in the genomic era, and improves the ability to distinguish clonemates from nonclonemates in multicellular diploid clonal species.
Incompatibility between Carnot efficiency and finite power in Markovian dynamics

In Markovian dynamics with the local detailed balance condition, we decompose the total entropy production rate into microscopic transitions. By applying this decomposition to the heat to work conversion process, we rigorously show that the Carnot efficiency implies zero power for any heat engine, even with broken time-reversal symmetry beyond the linear response regime. Moreover, we propose a trade-off relationship between the entropy production rate and the heat flow between the system and bath.
Living Liver Donation Does not Significantly Affect Long-Term Life, Disability, or Medical Insurability

Introduction The growing practice of living liver donation requires comprehensive understanding of the financial implications for living liver donors. While obtaining and maintaining insurance is important to financial health, little is known about the impact of liver donation on future insurability. Research Questions The purpose of this study was to evaluate the donors’ experiences with insurance following donation and identify the insurance provider-driven factors that contribute to donor insurability. Design A two center cohort of living donors with donation between January 2000 and December 2018 (N = 442) were surveyed about postdonation insurance experiences. To understand insurance provider practices towards liver donors, life (n = 11) and disability (n = 4) insurance underwriters were asked to provide policy quotes for a standardized living liver donor profile. Results Responses (N = 101) were received by August 2020 (response rate = 22.9%). Living liver donors reported owning life (58%), disability (35%), and medical (87%) insurance at rates comparable to the general population with low proportions reporting difficulty obtaining these insurance types (9%, 9%, 4%, respectively). Post-donation life insurance ownership was associated with post-donation employment (P = 0.01). Underwriter responses indicate life and disability insurability were adversely affected up to 12 months following donation. Conclusions Living liver donors did not have difficulty maintaining insurance in the long-term but should be counseled to purchase insurance prior to surgery as short-term insurability may be affected. Perception of difficulty obtaining insurance following donation remains of significant concern among living donors. Further collaboration between the transplant community and insurance companies is warranted.
Expression of plant-produced anti-PD-L1 antibody with anoikis sensitizing activity in human lung cancer cells via., suppression on epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Immune checkpoint antibodies in cancer treatment are receptor-ligand pairs that modulate cancer immunity. PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has emerged as one of the major targets in cancer immunotherapy. Atezolizumab, the first anti-PD-L1 antibody approved for the treatment of metastatic urothelial, non-small cell lung, small cell lung and triple-negative breast cancers, is produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells with several limitations i.e., high-production costs, low-capacity yields, and contamination risks. Due to the rapid scalability and low production costs, the transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves was investigated by co-infiltration of Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 cultures harboring the nucleic acid sequences encoding for Atezolizumab heavy chain and light chain in this study. The transient expression of Atezolizumab in transformed N. benthamiana accumulated up to 86.76 μg/g fresh leaf weight after 6 days of agroinfiltration (OD 600 nm: 0.4) with 1:1 ratio of heavy chain to light chain. The structural and functional characteristics of plant-produced Atezolizumab was compared with commercially available Tecentriq® from CHO cells with similar binding efficacies to PD-L1 receptor. The direct anti-cancer effect of plant-produced anti-PD-L1 was further performed in human lung metastatic cancer cells H460 cultured under detachment condition, demonstrating the activity of anti-PD-L1-antibody on sensitizing anoikis as well as the suppression on anti-apoptosis proteins (Bcl-2 and Mcl-1) and modulation of epithelial to mesenchymal regulating proteins (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail and Slug). In conclusion, this study manifests plants as an alternative cost-effective platform for the production of functional monoclonal antibodies for use in cancer therapy.
Discovery of the optically bright, wide separation double quasar SDSS J1442+4055

Optically bright, wide separation double (gravitationally lensed) quasars can be easily monitored, leading to light curves of great importance in determining the Hubble constant and other cosmological parameters, as well as the structure of active nuclei and halos of galaxies. Searching for new double quasars in the SDSS-III database, we discovered SDSS J1442+4055. This consists of two bright images (18-19 magnitudes in the r band) of the same distant quasar at redshift z = 2.575. The two quasar images are separated by about 2.1 arcsec, show significant parallel flux variations and can be monitored from late 2015. We also found other two double quasar candidates, SDSS J1617+3827 (z = 2.079) and SDSS J1642+3200 (z = 2.264), displaying evidence for the presence of a lensing object and parallel flux variations, but requiring further spectroscopic observations to be confirmed as lensed quasars.
Using Machine Learning to Explore the Crucial Factors of Assistive Technology Assessments: Cases of Wheelchairs

The global population is gradually entering an aging society; chronic diseases and functional disabilities have increased, thereby increasing the number of people with limitations. Therefore, the demand for assistive devices has increased substantially. Due to numerous and complex types of assistive devices, an assessment by a professional therapist is required to help the individual find a suitable assistive device. According to actual site data, the assessment needs of “wheelchairs” accounted for most of the cases. Therefore, this study identified five key evaluation characteristics (head condition, age, pelvic condition, cognitive ability, and judgment) for “transit wheelchairs” and “reclining and tilting wheelchairs” from the diagnostic records of “wheelchairs” using the classification and regression trees (CART) decision tree algorithm. Furthermore, the study established an evaluation model through the Naïve Bayes classification method and obtained an accuracy rate of 72.0% after a 10-fold cross-validation. Finally, the study considered users’ convenience and combined it with a LINE BOT to allow the user or the user’s family to engage in self-evaluation. Preliminary suggestions for wheelchair types were given through the assessment model so that evaluators could not only determine a case’s situation in advance and reduce the time required for fixed-point or home assessments, but also help cases find the appropriate wheelchair type more easily and quickly.
Screening for Adulthood ADHD and Comorbidities in a Tertiary Mental Health Center Using EarlyDetect: A Machine Learning-Based Pilot Study

Screening for adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and differentiating ADHD from comorbid mental health disorders remains to be clinically challenging. A screening tool for ADHD and comorbid mental health disorders is essential, as most adult ADHD is comorbid with several mental health disorders. The current pilot study enrolled 955 consecutive patients attending a tertiary mental health center in Canada and who completed EarlyDetect assessment, with 45.2% of patients diagnosed with ADHD. The best ADHD classification model using composite scoring achieved a balanced accuracy of 0.788, showing a 2.1% increase compared to standalone ADHD screening, detecting four more patients with ADHD per 100 patients. The classification model including ADHD with comorbidity was also successful (balanced accuracy = 0.712). The results suggest the novel screening method can improve ADHD detection accuracy and inform the risk of ADHD with comorbidity, and may further inform specific comorbidity including MDD and BD.
Comparison of 22C3-PD-L1 Expression Between Paired Tumor Paraffin Blocks of Surgical Resection Specimens of Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer

In this study, our aim was to evaluate the discordance of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression between 2 paired paraffin blocks from surgical nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) specimens, thus providing recommendations for choosing paraffin blocks for PD-L1 immunohistochemistry detection. A total of 460 paired paraffin blocks of surgical NSCLC specimens were analyzed using the 22C3-PD-L1 assay. PD-L1 expression between 2 paired paraffin blocks was calculated using 3 classification schemes, tumor proportion score (TPS)-based 3-level classification and TPS-based binary classification using TPS ≥1% or TPS ≥50% as the cutoff. Clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed for cases with discordant PD-L1 expression. PD-L1 expression in 2 paired paraffin blocks of surgical NSCLC specimens was highly correlated from a single tumor (R 2=0.89) in the overall trend. The overall discordance rates were 10.9%, 7.4%, and 3.5% respectively when using TPS-based 3-level classification or binary classification. No statistical differences were observed in PD-L1 expression discordance rates when patients were stratified by age, sex, smoking status, histologic types, TNM stage, or years of paraffin blocks (P>0.05). The presence of a solid histologic pattern was associated with a higher PD-L1 expression discordance rate in adenocarcinomas (P<0.05). Twenty-five cases with discordant PD-L1 expression were divided into 2 categories: spatial heterogeneity without recognizable morphology difference (76%) and spatial heterogeneity with significantly different morphology (24%). The discordance rate in TPS scores was much higher in cases with different morphology than those without different morphology. One representative paraffin block containing adequate neoplastic tissue may be adequate to determine PD-L1 expression in most of the surgical specimens of NSCLC. In cases that harbored different morphology in different paraffin blocks, the dual-block immunohistochemistry assessment method is recommended due to the intratumoral heterogeneity.
GASEOUS CO ABUNDANCE—AN EVOLUTIONARY TRACER FOR MOLECULAR CLOUDS

Planck cold clumps are among the most promising objects to investigate the initial conditions of the evolution of molecular clouds. In this work, by combing the dust emission data from the survey of the Planck satellite with the molecular data of 12CO/13CO/C18O (1–0) lines from observations with the Purple Mountain Observatory 13.7 m telescope, we investigate the CO abundance, CO depletion, and CO-to-H2 conversion factor of 674 clumps in the early cold cores sample. The median and mean values of the CO abundance are 0.89 × 10−4 and 1.28 × 10−4, respectively. The mean and median of CO depletion factor are 1.7 and 0.9, respectively. The median value of for the whole sample is 2.8 × 1020 cm−2 K−1 km−1 s. The CO abundance, CO depletion factor, and CO-to-H2 conversion factor are strongly (anti-)correlated to other physical parameters (e.g., dust temperature, dust emissivity spectral index, column density, volume density, and luminosity-to-mass ratio). To conclude, the gaseous CO abundance can be used as an evolutionary tracer for molecular clouds.
Atomic beings and the discovery of gravity

We aim to bring a new perspective about some aspects of the current research in Cosmology. We start with a brief introduction about the main developments of the field in the last century; then we introduce an analogy that shall elucidate the main diculties that observational sciences involve, which might be part of the issue related to some of the contemporary cosmological problems. The analogy investigates how microscopic beings could ever discover and understand gravitational phenomena.