Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Skrining Jagung (Zea mays L.) Toleran Salinitas Berdasarkan Karakter Pada Fase Awal Pertumbuhan

Salinitas merupakan salah satu faktor abiotik yang menyebabkan penurunan produksi tanaman termasuk jagung. Jagung merupakan tanaman serealia yang paling banyak ditanam di Indonesia setelah tanaman padi. Untuk meningkatkan produksi jagung pada lahan salin dapat dilakukan dengan menanam jagung tahan atau toleran salinitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat ketahanan beberapa varietas jagung pada salinitas berdasarkan parameter perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan awalnya. Jagung yang digunakan adalah delapan genotipe koleksi dari Universitas Trunonoyo Madura (UTM 1 sampai UTM 9). Dua ribu biji dari delapan genotipe Jagung direndam dalam larutan bayclean 5% selama sepuluh menit, kemudian dicuci dengan akauades steril. Biji-biji tersebut kemudian dikecambahkan pada petridish yang diberi larutan garam steril dengan perlakuan 0, 100, 200, 300 dan 400 mM dengan masing-masing perlakuan 100 biji dan diulang 4 kali. Parameter perkecambahan diukur sampai 7 hari setelah persemaian yaitu daya perkecambahan, rata-rata waktu perkecambahan, indeks perkecambahan dan indeks toleransi salinitas. Pada 7 hari setelah persemaian 10 tanaman pada masing-masing perlakuan diambil secara acak kemudian diukur tinggi tanaman, panjang akar, berat kering tanaman dan kadar prolin pada daun. Hasil Analisis sidik ragam terhadap parameter tersebut menunjukkan bahwa genotipe UTM 5 merupakan genotipe yang paling toleran terhadap salinitas dan UTM 6 yang paling sensitif terhadap salinitas
Effects of seawater pH on growth and skeletal U/Ca ratios of Acropora digitifera coral polyps

The impact of ocean acidification caused by the increasing atmospheric CO2 has been studied in marine calcifiers, including hermatypic corals. However, the effect of elevated pCO2 on the early developmental life‐cycle stage of corals has been little studied. In this study, we reared polyps of Acropora digitifera in seawater at pHT 6.55, 7.31, 7.64, 7.77, and 8.03, controlled by CO2 bubbling. We measured the dry weights of polyp skeletons after the 40‐d experiment to investigate the relationship between the seawater aragonite saturation state and polyp growth. In addition, we measured skeletal U/Ca ratio to estimate their pH dependence. Skeletal weights of coral polyps increased with the aragonite saturation state and reached an apparent saturation plateau above pH 7.77. U/Ca ratios had a strong inverse relationship with pH and a negligible relationship with skeletal growth rate (polyp weight), suggesting that skeletal U/Ca could be useful for reconstructing paleo‐pH.
Solonetzic soils of Canada: Genesis, distribution, and classification

Miller, J. J. and Brierley, J. A. 2011. Solonetzic soils of Canada: Genesis, distribution, and classification. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 889–902. Soils of the Solonetzic order are defined as having a Solonetzic B horizon designated as a Bn or Bnt horizon. The Solonetzic Order includes four great groups: Solonetz, Solodized Solonetz, Solod, and Vertic Solonetz. Solonetzic soils are thought to develop via the stepwise pedogenic processes of salinization, solonization (desalinzation and alkalization), and solodization. Soluble salts are brought into the soil pedon of Solonetzic soils by capillary movement and evaporation from spring to fall, and upward water flow from the water table to the freezing zone in the winter deposits salts upon freezing. Solonization proceeds when desalinization lowers the total salt content and alkalization is initiated by high exchangeable Na. Solodization occurs when anisotropic flow conditions or a change in vertical hydraulic gradients prevent capillary rise and replenishment of s.
Assessment of climate change in Europe from an ensemble of regional climate models by the use of Köppen–Trewartha classification

Through the use of the climatic classification of Köppen–Trewartha (K‐T), the ability to reproduce the current climate of Europe has been shown for an ensemble of 15 regional climate model simulations nested in six global climate models. Depending on the simulation, between 55.4 and 81.3% of the grid points are in agreement with observations regarding the location of climate types in current climate simulations (1971–2000). In this respect, the result of the ensemble of 15 simulations is better than that of any individual model, with 83.5% of the grid points in agreement with observations. K‐T classification has also been used to analyse the projected climate change over the 21st century under the SRES‐A1B emissions scenario. It was found that 22.3% of the grid points in the domain change their climate by the period 2021–2050 compared to current climate and 48.1% change by 2061–2090. The climate shifts affecting the biggest extensions are projected in Central Europe and Fennoscandia, but other smaller areas suffer more intense changes which potentially are more dangerous to vegetation and ecosystems. Generally, these changes occur at a sustained rate throughout the century, reaching speeds of up to 90 × 103 km2 decade−1 in the retreat or expansion of some climates.
A 110–170 GHz Wideband LNA Design Using the InP Technology for Terahertz Communication Applications

This paper proposes a low-noise amplifier (LNA) for terahertz communication systems. The amplifier is designed based on 90 nm InP high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) technology. In order to achieve high gain of LNA, the proposed amplifier adopts a five-stage amplification structure. At the same time, the use of staggered tuning technology has achieved a large bandwidth of terahertz low-noise amplification. In addition, capacitors are used for interstage isolation, sector lines are used for RF bypass, and Microstrip is used to design matching circuits. The entire LNA circuit was validated using accurate electromagnetic simulation. The simulation results show that at 140 GHz, the small signal gain is 25 dB, the noise figure is 4.4 dB, the input 1 dB compression point is −19 dBm, and the 3 dB bandwidth reaches 60 GHz (110–170 GHz), which validates the effectiveness of the design.
The Development of Highly pH-Sensitive Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers/Gelatin-Based Intelligent Films Loaded with Anthocyanin/Curcumin for the Fresh-Keeping and Freshness Detection of Fresh Pork

The aim of this study was to develop highly pH-sensitive bacterial cellulose nanofibers/gelatin-based intelligent films, where the intelligent films were loaded with different ratios (10:0, 0:10 2:8, 5:5 and 8:2, w/w) of curcumin:anthocyanin (Cur/ATH), and the characterization of intelligent films was investigated. The results showed that the microstructures of intelligent films were much rougher as the proportion of curcumin increased. FTIR results showed that anthocyanin and curcumin were fixed in gelatin matrix by hydrogen bonds. Moreover, XRD results showed that curcumin had a significant effect on the crystal structure of the films. Interestingly, films loaded with a Cur/ATH ratio of 5:5 had the best mechanical and antioxidant properties and a high pH-sensitivity property. Consequently, the bacterial cellulose nanofibers/gelatin-based intelligent films loaded with a Cur/ATH ratio of 5:5 were used for the packaging of fresh pork, displaying good fresh-keeping and freshness detection effects. Therefore, this study suggested that bacterial cellulose nanofibers/gelatin-based intelligent films have great potential in the fresh-keeping and freshness detection of meat.
The Functional Characteristics and Soluble Expression of Saffron CsCCD2

Crocins are important natural products predominantly obtained from the stigma of saffron, and that can be utilized as a medicinal compound, spice, and colorant with significant promise in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 2 (CsCCD2) is a crucial limiting enzyme that has been reported to be responsible for the cleavage of zeaxanthin in the crocin biosynthetic pathway. However, the catalytic activity of CsCCD2 on β-carotene/lycopene remains elusive, and the soluble expression of CsCCD2 remains a big challenge. In this study, we reported the functional characteristics of CsCCD2, that can catalyze not only zeaxanthin cleavage but also β-carotene and lycopene cleavage. The molecular basis of the divergent functionality of CsCCD2 was elucidated using bioinformatic analysis and truncation studies. The protein expression optimization results demonstrated that the use of a maltose-binding protein (MBP) tag and the optimization of the induction conditions resulted in the production of more soluble protein. Correspondingly, the catalytic efficiency of soluble CsCCD2 was higher than that of the insoluble one, and the results further validated its functional verification. This study not only broadened the substrate profile of CsCCD2, but also achieved the soluble expression of CsCCD2. It provides a firm platform for CsCCD2 crystal structure resolution and facilitates the synthesis of crocetin and crocins.
Method of comparing CERES and ScaRaB 3 measurements

The CERES Flight Model 5 was placed in orbit aboard the NPP spacecraft in October 2011 to replace the CERES FM-1 through -4 aboard the Terra and Aqua spacecraft which have provided Earth radiation budget measurement for eight to ten years. The SCAnner for RAdiation Budget (ScaRaB) 3 instrument aboard the Megha-Tropique spacecraft was put in orbit in September 2011. The CERES instruments can be rotated in azimuth so the CERES can observe the same scene in the same direction as ScaRaB, so that both instruments measure the same radiance for shortwave (reflected solar) radiance and for longwave (Earth-emitted) radiance. The data collected in this manner serves to validate all of these instruments. The geometry of the operation of CERES as constrained by the orbits is described. Special operations of CERES instruments were begun on 17 April 2012.
Future Prospects and Challenges of On-Demand Mobility Management Solutions

Generally, mobility management (MM) solutions are centralized, which means only one entity controls the mobility-related tasks of mobile nodes connected to the network. However, the massive number of users, rapid growth in the network traffic, and the recent developments regarding the architecture and capability of 5G networks forced multiple entities to perform the task of MM. Similarly, to fulfill the demand for the applications at the time of handoff, we have on-demand MM solutions. These solutions are designed to be adoptable to various service delivery use cases supported by future networks. In addition, they also have power-saving features that turn them off automatically, when all your devices are fully charged. Owing to stated features, we need to explore on-demand MM solutions and these solutions can provide divergent types of services according to the user’s demand. Therefore, in this paper, the importance and comparison of on-demand MM solutions with legacy mechanisms are presented, by keeping in view the merits and constraints of their contributions. Furthermore, the significance of the MM as a service (MMaaS) model is discussed in detail, which is used for the on-demand MM mechanism. In this model, the substantial characteristics of the granularity of services are also elaborated, which are intricately tangled with the adoptability, extensibility, and power-saving requirements of future wireless networks. Finally, we discuss the challenges, future prospects, and application areas of on-demand MM solutions for researchers and application developers.
Normal fault zone evolution and fault scarp degradation in the Aegean region

The initial stages of rift-basin evolution are periods of great landform change. Fault scarps are newly created axes of erosion which, along with footwall uplands, act as sediment sources for subsiding hanging wall basins. Scarps formed during neotectonic normal faulting of Mesozoic carbonates in mainland Greece and western Turkey display a varied pattern of degradation related to the history of fault development and variations in fault zone architecture. Alternating zone-parallel compact breccia sheets and incohesive breccia belts, of contrasting resistance to erosion, underlie scarps. Meso-scale slip-plane phenomena, such as corrugations, gutters, comb fractures, and pluck holes, together with geomorphological features, such as subsurface solution pipes, and vegetation result in initial variations in the denudability of erosionally resistant compact breccia sheets. Migration with time of slip-plane activity within a fault zone into its hanging wall (i.e. intrafault-zone hanging wall collapse) adds to the structural heterogeneity of fault scarp footwalls. Quaternary talus, whether of€set across a fault, banked unconformably against a slip plane, or faulted against a reactivated slip plane, has a dampening effect on degradation. The complexities of fault zone architecture combined with a history of hanging wall collapse lead, in the Aegean region, to non-uniform degradation and scarps which are commonly stepped and occasionally cavitated.
A Review of The Information Disclosure: Discussion

Corporate disclosure has consistently remained a significant subject of interest for both scholars and participants in the capital market. This study aims to conduct a thorough review of the existing body of literature on corporate disclosure and offer insights for prospective directions. In particular, our examination focuses on three key disclosure categories: MD&A (Management Discussion and Analysis), MFs (Financial Statements), and ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance). The primary emphasis of this paper revolves around delving into the factors that influence disclosure, the determinants driving it, and the resultant economic implications. Concurrently, drawing from prior research, this paper posits that regional disparities could also exert an impact on disclosure outcomes, thereby highlighting potential avenues for further investigation.
Impact of Argo data assimilation in an ocean general circulation model

In this study global temperature profiles available from Argo have been assimilated into an Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM) to study its impact on ocean temperatures. In the control run the model was forced with daily QuickSCAT derived scatterometer winds for the period Jan-June 2004 and air temperature, specific humidity, net shortwave and net long wave radiation from NCEP reanalysis. Two assimilation experiments were performed for Jan-Jun 2004; one in which the monthly averaged Argo profiles were assimilated in the OGCM using nudging technique (Exp-1) and another experiment (Exp-2) in which daily data from Argo was assimilated into the OGCM using Cressman technique. Temperature outputs from all the three runs (control and assimilation runs) were first inter-compared and then compared with independent observations from one of the Indian Ocean TRITON buoys. Errors in surface temperature at the TRITON buoy location are reduced by 37% and 16% in Exp-1 and Exp-2 respectively. However, the variance explained in surface temperature with respect to observations is reduced in the assimilated runs as compared to the control run. Subsurface features like ILD and D20 show significant improvement in terms of error reduction in both the experiments implying improvement in the mixed layer and the thermocline region. Exp-2 scores over Exp-1 in terms of the explained variance of ILD and D20. This is so because in exp-1 monthly averaged data is assimilated which constraints the high frequency variability of the parameter.
Vernacular Conversations on Immigration and Border- Crossing: A Narrative-Oriented Action Research Project

Borders like words are arbitrary symbols designed to frame our human need to control space, time, and language. We, transforming educators, during our daily practices constantly question if this necessity for cultural structure contributes to protect primeval knowledge generated within the communities or to the contrary this structure generates ethnocentric segregation scanning wisdom as meaningless merchandise individuals bear when crossing borders.
Proinflammatory IFNγ Is Produced by but Not Required for the Generation of Eomes+ Thymic Innate CD8 T Cells

Innate CD8 T cells are proinflammatory effector T cells that achieve functional maturation in the thymus prior to their export into and maturation in peripheral tissues. Innate CD8 T cells produce the Th1 cytokine IFNγ but depend on the Th2 cytokine IL-4 for their generation. Thus, innate CD8 T cells can permute the intrathymic cytokine milieu by consuming a Th2 cytokine but driving a Th1 cytokine response. The cellular source of IL-4 is the NKT2 subset of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells. Consequently, NKT2 deficiency results in the lack of innate CD8 T cells. Whether NKT2 is the only iNKT subset and whether IL-4 is the only cytokine required for innate CD8 T cell generation, however, remains unclear. Here, we employed a mouse model of NKT1 deficiency, which is achieved by overexpression of the cytokine receptor IL-2Rβ, and assessed the role of other iNKT subsets and cytokines in innate CD8 T cell differentiation. Because IL-2Rβ-transgenic mice failed to generate both NKT1 and innate CD8 T cells, we postulated an in vivo requirement for IFNγ-producing NKT1 cells for innate CD8 T cell development. In-depth analyses of IL-2Rβ-transgenic mice and IFNγ-deficient mice, however, demonstrated that neither NKT1 nor IFNγ was required to induce Eomes or to drive innate CD8 T cell generation. Instead, in vivo administration of recombinant IL-4 sufficed to restore the development of innate CD8 T cells in NKT1-deficient mice, affirming that intrathymic IL-4, and not IFNγ, is the limiting factor and key regulator of innate CD8 T cell generation in the thymus.
Influence of proprioceptive training on fencing athlete’s performance: a clinical trial

Background: Fencing is an agility sport and is characterized by a combination of short and frequent high intensity movements. Proprioceptive training demonstrates a positive effect on athletes' performance. It is effective in increasing dynamic balance by reducing ankle muscle reaction time that stabilize joint. Objective: The aim of this study was to verify influence of a 12-week proprioceptive training program on ankle instability, jumping performance and ankle muscle’s reaction time during Lunge in fencing athletes. Method: The study was a clinical trial, non-randomized, with 19 fencing athletes from 14-35-year-old, divided in intervention group (n=10) and control group (n=9). The study was performed in four stages: familiarization of jump performance; pre-intervention; intervention and post-intervention. At pre-intervention was evaluated jump performance, ankle muscle reaction time and functional ankle instability. At the intervention, athletes performed 30 minutes of proprioceptive training for 12 weeks, three times a week. At post-intervention, the same pre-intervention tests were performed. Data were presented in mean and standard error, submitted to the Generalized Estimates Equations test with Bonferroni post hoc. The level of significance was 0,05. Results: Jump performance decreased significantly in both groups. Anterior tibial muscle reaction time did not differ neither in any of groups, nor in any of legs. The peroneus longus and lateral gastrocnemius reaction time decreased significantly in both groups. Regarding functional ankle instability, athletes had instability at pre- and post-intervention time. Conclusion: Proprioceptive training program was not able to improve jump performance, nor to decrease ankle muscle reaction time or improve athletes' perception of ankle stability.
Postlaunch calibration and bias characterization of AMSU‐A upper air sounding channels using GPS RO Data

While the calibration accuracy of Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit‐A (AMSU‐A) was well characterized during its prelaunch period, its on‐orbit performance remains important after the launch of each satellite. In this study, Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) data are used to carry out a postlaunch calibration to obtain an estimate of the accuracy of brightness temperatures measured by an AMSU‐A instrument. At each scan angle, the mean difference and a linear regression relationship between AMSU‐A observations and GPS RO brightness temperature simulations can first be derived using data in clear‐sky conditions over ocean. The AMSU‐A upper air sounding channels are then calibrated to GPS RO brightness temperature simulations using either the mean difference or the linear regression relationship. The effect of the above two calibration methods on the biases of AMSU‐A data with respect to National Centers for Environmental Prediction global forecast system (NCEP GFS) 6 h forecast fields is finally examined. It is found that the magnitude and sign of biases vary with channels. After GPS RO calibration, biases are negative and of the same magnitude for all AMSU‐A upper air sounding channels. The negative biases of AMSU‐A brightness temperature are associated with a small warm bias in the physical temperature of NCEP GFS 6 h forecasts compared with GPS RO temperature retrieval above the low troposphere.
Middle school cycling program is associated with improved mental health and wellbeing in adolescents during COVID-19

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated mental health issues among adolescents. Exercise is well-regarded for boosting mental health. Riding for Focus (R4F) is a 6–8 week cycling education program designed to equip middle school adolescents with basic cycling skills and introduce students to lifetime physical activity. A secondary goal of the R4F program is to improve adolescent mental health and psychosocial well-being. This study aimed to quantify the change in adolescent psychosocial well-being associated with the R4F program during the COVID-19 pandemic. Program evaluation also examined associations between participating in the R4F and mental health outcomes in the context of established risk factors, including gender, race, socioeconomic status, involvement in IEP programs, participation in after-school clubs, screen time, hours of sleep, and physical activity levels. Methods Anonymous surveys were collected before and after the program in 20 schools in North America, with psychosocial well-being quantified using WHO-5 and PSC-17-Y. 1,148 middle school students, aged 11–14, completed pre intervention surveys. 815 students also completed post intervention surveys. Results There was a general increase in psychosocial well-being after the R4F program and positive psychosocial well-being changes in students that identified as female, non-white, physically active, part of an IEP program, meeting screentime recommendations, and engaged in school programs, though effect sizes were small. Despite mental health improvements among underrepresented groups, relative risk assessments still indicated that males, white students, those from high socioeconomic status families still had reduced relative risk of developing psychosocial disorders post intervention. Discussion These analyses illustrate the feasibility of cycling as a viable PE elective and the need for further, more robust studies to better assess the positive impacts of the R4F scholastic cycling program on the psychological health and well-being of middle school age children.