Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Collective Anomaly Detection Method Over Bitcoin Network

The popularity and amazing attractiveness of cryptocurrencies, and especially Bitcoin, absorb countless enthusiasts daily. Although Blockchain technology prevents fraudulent behavior, it cannot detect fraud on its own. There are always unimaginable ways to commit fraud, and the need to use anomaly detection methods to identify abnormal and fraudulent behaviors has become a necessity. The main purpose of this study is to present a new method for detecting anomalies in Bitcoin with more appropriate efficiency. For this purpose, in this study, the diagnosis of the collective anomaly was used, and instead of diagnosing the anomaly of individual addresses and wallets, the anomaly of users was examined, and the anomaly was more visible among users who had multiple wallets. In addition to using the collective anomaly detection method in this study, the Trimmed_Kmeans algorithm was used for clustering and the proposed method succeeded in identifying 14 users who had committed theft, fraud, and hack with 26 addresses in 9 cases. Compared to previous works, which detected a maximum of 7 addresses in 5 cases of fraud, the proposed method has performed well. Therefore, the proposed method, by presenting a new approach, in addition to reducing the processing power to extract features, succeeded in detecting abnormal users and also was able to find more transactions and addresses committed a scam.
Decision-Making Technology for Autonomous Vehicles: Learning-Based Methods, Applications and Future Outlook

Autonomous vehicles have a great potential in the application of both civil and military fields, and have become the focus of research with the rapid development of science and economy. This article proposes a brief review on learning-based decision-making technology for autonomous vehicles since it is significant for safer and efficient performance of autonomous vehicles. Firstly, the basic outline of decision-making technology is provided. Secondly, related works about learning-based decision-making methods for autonomous vehicles are mainly reviewed with the comparison to classical decision-making methods. In addition, applications of decision-making methods in existing autonomous vehicles are summarized. Finally, promising research topics in the future study of decision-making technology for autonomous vehicles are prospected.
On-Demand and Lightweight Knowledge Graph Generation - a Demonstration with DBpedia

Modern large-scale knowledge graphs, such as DBpedia, are datasets which require large computational resources to serve and process. Moreover, they often have longer release cycles, which leads to outdated information in those graphs. In this paper, we present DBpedia on Demand -- a system which serves DBpedia resources on demand without the need to materialize and store the entire graph, and which even provides limited querying functionality.
Scaling of Turbulent Viscosity and Resistivity: Extracting a Scale-dependent Turbulent Magnetic Prandtl Number

Turbulent viscosity ν t and resistivity η t are perhaps the simplest models for turbulent transport of angular momentum and magnetic fields, respectively. The associated turbulent magnetic Prandtl number Pr t ≡ ν t /η t has been well recognized to determine the final magnetic configuration of accretion disks. Here, we present an approach to determining these “effective transport” coefficients acting at different length scales using coarse-graining and recent results on decoupled kinetic and magnetic energy cascades. By analyzing the kinetic and magnetic energy cascades from a suite of high-resolution simulations, we show that our definitions of ν t , η t , and Pr t have power-law scalings in the “decoupled range. ” We observe that Pr t ≈ 1–2 at the smallest inertial-inductive scales, increasing to ≈5 at the largest scales. However, based on physical considerations, our analysis suggests that Pr t has to become scale independent and of order unity in the decoupled range at sufficiently high Reynolds numbers (or grid resolution) and that the power-law scaling exponents of velocity and magnetic spectra become equal. In addition to implications for astrophysical systems, the scale-dependent turbulent transport coefficients offer a guide for large-eddy simulation modeling.
A Survey on Deep Learning Technique for Video Segmentation

Video segmentation—partitioning video frames into multiple segments or objects—plays a critical role in a broad range of practical applications, from enhancing visual effects in movie, to understanding scenes in autonomous driving, to creating virtual background in video conferencing. Recently, with the renaissance of connectionism in computer vision, there has been an influx of deep learning based approaches for video segmentation that have delivered compelling performance. In this survey, we comprehensively review two basic lines of research — generic object segmentation (of unknown categories) in videos, and video semantic segmentation — by introducing their respective task settings, background concepts, perceived need, development history, and main challenges. We also offer a detailed overview of representative literature on both methods and datasets. We further benchmark the reviewed methods on several well-known datasets. Finally, we point out open issues in this field, and suggest opportunities for further research. We also provide a public website to continuously track developments in this fast advancing field: https://github.com/tfzhou/VS-Survey.
Intrinsic Image Transfer for Illumination Manipulation

This article presents a novel intrinsic image transfer (IIT) algorithm for image illumination manipulation, which creates a local image translation between two illumination surfaces. This model is built on an optimization-based framework composed of illumination, reflectance and content photo-realistic losses, respectively. Each loss is first defined on the corresponding sub-layers factorized by an intrinsic image decomposition and then reduced under the well-known spatial-varying illumination illumination-invariant reflectance prior knowledge. We illustrate that all losses, with the aid of an “exemplar” image, can be directly defined on images without the necessity of taking an intrinsic image decomposition, thereby giving a closed-form solution to image illumination manipulation. We also demonstrate its versatility and benefits to several illumination-related tasks: illumination compensation, image enhancement and tone mapping, and high dynamic range (HDR) image compression, and show their high-quality results on natural image datasets.
Topology aware adaptive security Conference or Workshop Item

Adaptive security systems aim to protect valuable assets in the face of changes in their operational environment. They do so by monitoring and analysing this environment, and deploying security functions that satisfy some protection (security, privacy, or forensic) requirements. In this paper, we suggest that a key characteristic for engineering adaptive security is the topology of the operational environment, which represents a physical and/or a digital space including its structural relationships, such as containment, proximity, and reachability. For adaptive security, topology expresses a rich representation of context that can provide a system with both structural and semantic awareness of important contextual characteristics. These include the location of assets being protected or the proximity of potentially threatening agents that might harm them. Security-related actions, such as the physical movement of an actor from a room to another in a building, may be viewed as topological changes. The detection of a possible undesired topological change (such as an actor possessing a safe’s key entering the room where the safe is located) may lead to the decision to deploy a particular security control to protect the relevant asset. This position paper advocates topology awareness for more effective engineering of adaptive security. By monitoring changes in topology at runtime one can identify new or changing threats and attacks, and deploy adequate security controls accordingly. The paper elaborates on the notion of topology and provides a vision and research agenda on its role for systematically engineering adaptive security systems.
In vitro model systems for exploring oral biofilms: From single‐species populations to complex multi‐species communities

Numerous in vitro biofilm model systems are available to study oral biofilms. Over the past several decades, increased understanding of oral biology and advances in technology have facilitated more accurate simulation of intraoral conditions and have allowed for the increased generalizability of in vitro oral biofilm studies. The integration of contemporary systems with confocal microscopy and 16S rRNA community profiling has enhanced the capabilities of in vitro biofilm model systems to quantify biofilm architecture and analyse microbial community composition. In this review, we describe several model systems relevant to modern in vitro oral biofilm studies: the constant depth film fermenter, Sorbarod perfusion system, drip–flow reactor, modified Robbins device, flowcells and microfluidic systems. We highlight how combining these systems with confocal microscopy and community composition analysis tools aids exploration of oral biofilm development under different conditions and in response to antimicrobial/anti‐biofilm agents. The review closes with a discussion of future directions for the field of in vitro oral biofilm imaging and analysis.
Use alloy quasicrystalline Al62,2Cu25,3Fe12,5 for steam reforming of methanol

This study shows the good performance of quasicrystal Al62,2Cu25,3Fe12,5 as catalyst in catalytic reactions. The metal catalyst without being leached with acid or base with the stoichiometric composition of dry Al62,2Cu25,3Fe12,5 among the reactions shown to be a partial oxidation occurred , which formation of the products was methanol, methanal + methanoic acid, water and dimethyl ether. For this research used experimental techniques as X-Ray Diffraction-XRD to follow the evolution of the alloy phase, the Scanning Electron Microscopy-SEM allowing the study of surface microstructure, and Transmission Electron Microscopy-TEM studies the morphology of internal phase, and defects quasicrystalline nuclei; tests for the catalytic conversion of methanol and selectivity and products formed from this material used as catalyst. The activity and stability of catalyst quasicrystal for steam reforming of methanol showed sufficient performance compared to other catalysts. The Fe and Cu species highly dispersed in the homogeneous layer quasicrystal catalyst increases the catalytic activity and suppresses the aggregation of Cu particles. We propose that the quasicrystal can be a good catalyst to be used in catalytic steam reforming, with high catalytic activity and excellent thermal stability.
ADP‐heptose enables Helicobacter pylori to exploit macrophages as a survival niche by suppressing antigen‐presenting HLA‐II expression

The persistence of Helicobacter pylori in the human gastric mucosa implies that the immune response fails to clear the infection. We found that H. pylori compromises the antigen presentation ability of macrophages, because of the decline of the presenting molecules HLA‐II. Here, we reveal that the main bacterial factor responsible for this effect is ADP‐heptose, an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthetic pathway of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that elicits a pro‐inflammatory response in gastric epithelial cells. In macrophages, it upregulates the expression of miR146b which, in turn, would downmodulate CIITA, the master regulator for HLA‐II genes. Hence, H. pylori, utilizing ADP‐heptose, exploits a specific arm of macrophage response to establish its survival niche in the face of the immune defense elicited in the gastric mucosa.
Photophysical Properties of Tetra-α(β)-(4-pyridyloxy) Zinc Phthalocyanines

The UV-Vis absorption spectra,fluorescence spectra and excited singlet lifetimes,transient absorption spectra and excited triplet lifetimes of novel tetra-α(β)-(4-pyridyloxy) zinc phthalocyanines were measured in this paper.Based on these results,we discuss the effect of substituted group and substituted position on the UV-Vis absorption spectra,fluorescence spectra and excited singlet lifetimes,transient absorption spectra and excited triplet lifetimes of zinc phthalocyanines by compare to relative compounds.
Synthesis of Tert-butyl-4-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan- 2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate

Tert-butyl-4-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)piperidine- 1-carboxylate (1) is an important intermediate in many biologically active compounds such as crizotinib. In this work, compound (1) was synthesized through three steps, using tert-butyl-4-hydroxypiperdine-1-carboxylate as starting material. And the structures of tert-butyl-4-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxy late was confirmed by MS and 1 HNMR spectrum. The total yield of the three steps was 49.9%.
Synaptic effects of ethanol on striatal circuitry: therapeutic implications for dystonia

Alcohol consumption affects motor behavior and motor control. Both acute and chronic alcohol abuse have been extensively investigated; however, the therapeutic efficacy of alcohol on some movement disorders, such as myoclonus‐dystonia or essential tremor, still does not have a plausible mechanistic explanation. Yet, there are surprisingly few systematic trials with known GABAergic drugs mimicking the effect of alcohol on neurotransmission. In this brief survey, we aim to summarize the effects of EtOH on striatal function, providing an overview of its cellular and synaptic actions in a ‘circuit‐centered’ view. In addition, we will review both experimental and clinical evidence, in the attempt to provide a plausible mechanistic explanation for alcohol‐responsive movement disorders, with particular emphasis on dystonia. Different hypotheses emerge, which may provide a rationale for the utilization of drugs that mimic alcohol effects, predicting potential drug repositioning.
Rabies Infection: An Overview of Lyssavirus-Host Protein Interactions

Viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites that use cell proteins to take the control of the cell functions in order to accomplish their life cycle. Studying the viral-host interactions would increase our knowledge of the viral biology and mechanisms of pathogenesis. Studies on pathogenesis mechanisms of lyssaviruses, which are the causative agents of rabies, have revealed some important host protein partners for viral proteins, especially for most studied species, i.e. RABV. In this review article, the key physical lyssavirus-host protein interactions, their contributions to rabies infection, and their exploitation are discussed to improve the knowledge about rabies pathogenesis.
Comparison of Cl2/He, Cl2/Ar, and Cl2/Xe plasma chemistries for dry etching of NiFe and NiFeCo

Cl 2 /He, Cl 2 /Ar, and Cl 2 /Xe discharges operated under inductively coupled plasma conditions have been compared for patterning of Ni 0.8 Fe 0.2 and Ni 0.8 Fe 0.13 Co 0.07 layers. There is a transition from net deposition to etching with increasing source power, as the relatively involatile chlorinated etch products are removed more efficiently by ion-assisted desorption. This transition occurs at lower ion fluxes for Xe- and Ar-containing discharges than for He due to the more effective momentum transfer. The etch rates with all three mixtures also go through maxima, reflecting the need to balance etch product formation and desorption.
Synthesis and crystal chemistry of Fe3+-bearing (Mg,Fe3+)(Si,Fe3+)O3 perovskite

Abstract We have synthesized magnesium-iron silicate perovskites with the general formula Mg1-xFe3+x+ySi1-y O3, in which the iron cation is exclusively trivalent. To investigate the crystal chemistry of Fe3+-bearing perovskite, six samples (both with and without Al) were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe, X-ray diffraction, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Results indicate that Fe3+ substitutes significantly into both the octahedral and dodecahedral sites in the orthorhombic perovskite structure, but prefers the octahedral site at Fe3+ concentrations between 0.04 and 0.05 Fe per formula unit, and the dodecahedral site at higher Fe3+ concentrations. We propose a model in which Fe3+ in the A/B site (in excess of that produced by charge coupled substitution) is accommodated by Mg/O vacancies. Hyperfine parameters refined from the Mössbauer spectra also indicate that a portion of dodecahedral sites undergo significant structural distortion. The presence of Fe3+ in the perovskite structure increases the unit-cell volume substantially compared to either the Mg end-member, or Fe2+-bearing perovskite, and the addition of Al did not significantly alter the volume. Implications for increased compressibility and a partially suppressed spin transition of Fe3+ in lower mantle perovskite are also discussed.
Making Meetings More Meaningful: An Exploration of Meeting Science in Libraries

Abstract The term “meeting science” first appears in the 2015 publication The Cambridge Handbook of Meeting Science, edited by Allen, Lehamann–Willenbrock, and Rogelberg. The field looks at actual meetings and their components, usually through observations and surveys. As meetings occur in virtually every library environment, it behooves an investigation. There is a lack of empirical studies for meeting science in libraries. This article adds to the growing body of research in the area, explored from a library perspective. The authors investigate the predictors of success for productive meetings, librarian perceptions of effective meeting leadership, and best practices for meeting leadership.
Enhanced diffuse optical tomographic reconstruction using concurrent ultrasound information

Multimodal imaging is an active branch of research as it has the potential to improve common medical imaging techniques. Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is an example of a low resolution, functional imaging modality that typically has very low resolution due to the ill-posedness of its underlying inverse problem. Combining the functional information of DOT with a high resolution structural imaging modality has been studied widely. In particular, the combination of DOT with ultrasound (US) could serve as a useful tool for clinicians for the formulation of accurate diagnosis of breast lesions. In this paper, we propose a novel method for US-guided DOT reconstruction using a portable time-domain measurement system. B-mode US imaging is used to retrieve morphological information on the probed tissues by means of a semi-automatical segmentation procedure based on active contour fitting. A two-dimensional to three-dimensional extrapolation procedure, based on the concept of distance transform, is then applied to generate a three-dimensional edge-weighting prior for the regularization of DOT. The reconstruction procedure has been tested on experimental data obtained on specifically designed dual-modality silicon phantoms. Results show a substantial quantification improvement upon the application of the implemented technique. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Synergistic tomographic image reconstruction: part 2’.
Drastic Change in Electrical Properties of Electrodeposited ZnO: Systematic Study by Hall Effect Measurements

We report a systematic study of the electrical properties of ZnO films prepared by galvanostatic electro- deposition from an aqueous zinc nitrate solution. The structural characterization of the ZnO films electrodeposited at various applied current densities and deposition temperatures are carried out with XRD and FESEM, and the electrical properties including resistivity, carrier density, and carrier mobility are determined by Hall effect measurements at room temperature. The Hall effect measurements reveal that the resistivity changes drastically by about 5 and 6 orders of magnitude with the applied current density (0.1−2.0 mA cm −2 ) and the deposition temperature (60−80 °C), respectively. The variation in the resistivity is mainly attributed to carrier density not mobility and shows a good correlation with the degree of c-axis orientation of the ZnO films. Annealing effect on the electrical properties of the ZnO films is also examined similarly, revealing that the resistivity increases by ∼50 times with increasing temperature (150−500 °C) accompanied by the formation of nanosized holes.
Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Cu/Graphene Composite by In Site Reduction and Matrix Alloying with Titanium

To reduce the agglomeration of graphene and enhance the interface bonding between reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and copper substrate, copper plating on the graphene surface was prepared by the in-situ reduction method. To improve the strength of the copper matrix, the microalloying strategy of adding titanium to the matrix was adopted. By changing the mass fraction of titanium in the matrix, the optimum ratio of RGO was obtained( Ti mass fraction was 5:1), and the tensile strength was maximized. The results show that RGO did not agglomerate obviously in the matrix. At the same time, the composite powder could be densified rapidly by spark plasma sintering (SPS), which could effectively protect the original distribution of the additive phase in the matrix. In this paper, Cu@RGO/Cu-Ti was prepared and the strengthening mechanism of the composites discussed, providing a new insights into the interface design and carbide formation mechanism of advanced graphene/copper composites with high mechanical properties.
Optical Properties of PVA Films Doped with Gold-Graphene Nanocomposite Synthesized by Pulsed Laser Ablation

In this research optical properties of synthesized gold-graphene/polyvinyl alcohol (AuG/PVA) nanocomposite have been investigated. Gold and graphene nano colloidal solution (NCS) synthesized by laser ablation method individually. The resulting NCS were characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). PVA/Au and PVA/AuG with different concentration of AuG were mixed to form polymeric films via solution casting. Doped polymeric films were analyzed by FTIR and spectrophotometer analyses. The results show that by increasing of AuG concentration, the band gap energy of the PVA films significantly enhanced and other optical parameters such as refraction and extinction coefficients remarkably changed.