Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimisation of Multiple Response Processes Using Different Modeling Techniques

Purpose: This article aims to compare the impact on process optimisation with multiple responses of two different mathematical modelling methods: Ordinary Least Squares Method (OLS) and Symbolic Regression Method (SR). Methodology/Approach: Data from the literature were selected from the design of experiments for a process with multiple responses. Using these data, models were obtained that represented each response as a function of independent variables using the OLS and SR techniques. Then, the Desirability method was applied together with the Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG) in order to obtain the process adjustment that would lead to the optimisation of the responses. Findings: The findings illustrate that the SR modelling technique yields models with superior predictive capabilities when contrasted with the OLS technique. Throughout the optimisation process, it becomes evident that the adjustments in the process diverge, even though the desirability function's value exhibits negligible variation. Research Limitation/implication: This research considered only an SR algorithm and a process with two dependent variables and two independent variables. Originality/Value of paper: No works were found in the literature that reported the use of the Age-Layered Population Structure (ALPS) algorithm in modelling processes that contain multiple responses. Furthermore, no comparison of this method with the OLS method was available. Category: Research paper.
An Urban Image Stimulus Set Generated from Social Media

Social media data, such as photos and status posts, can be tagged with location information (geotagging). This geotagged information can be used for urban spatial analysis to explore neighborhood characteristics or mobility patterns. With increasing rural-to-urban migration, there is a need for comprehensive data capturing the complexity of urban settings and their influence on human experiences. Here, we share an urban image stimulus set from the city of Lisbon that researchers can use in their experiments. The stimulus set consists of 160 geotagged urban space photographs extracted from the Flickr social media platform. We divided the city into 100 × 100 m cells to calculate the cell image density (number of images in each cell) and the cell green index (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index of each cell) and assigned these values to each geotagged image. In addition, we also computed the popularity of each image (normalized views on the social network). We also categorized these images into two putative groups by photographer status (residents and tourists), with 80 images belonging to each group. With the rise in data-driven decisions in urban planning, this stimulus set helps explore human–urban environment interaction patterns, especially if complemented with survey/neuroimaging measures or machine-learning analyses.
Correlación entre actividades de interacción social registradas con nuevas tecnologías y el grado de aislamiento social en los adultos Mayores

El Aislamiento Social es un problema que se acentua en la etapa de la vejez, poniendo en riesgo la integridad fisica y mental de los adultos mayores. Para mitigar este problema, se han desarrollado trabajos computacionales que fomentan la socializacion a traves de actividades de interaccion social basadas en la comunicacion y movilidad del adulto mayor. Sin embargo, son escasos los trabajos que proveen evidencia estadistica acerca del impacto de las actividades de interaccion social con el grado de aislamiento social. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo de investigacion consiste en identificar actividades de interaccion social que tienen relacion estadisticamente significativa con el grado de aislamiento social. Los resultados indican que, las actividades de interaccion social basadas en las llamadas telefonicas a traves del telefono movil tienen una correlacion inversa con el grado de riesgo de aislamiento social. En contraste, las actividades de interaccion social basadas en el tiempo de permanencia dentro del hogar tienen una correlacion directa. A partir de las actividades identificadas es posible desarrollar sistemas de computo capaces de proveer advertencias oportunas de aislamiento social en los adultos mayores. Con estas advertencias oportunas e intervenciones adecuadas es posible reducir el riesgo de padecer depresion, deterioro cognitivo o el empobrecimiento de la red social, mejorando asi, la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores
The impact of the direct effects of sulfate and black carbon aerosols on the subseasonal march of the East Asian subtropical summer monsoon

Aerosol emissions have rapidly increased in East Asia since the late 1970s. During the same period, the East Asian summer monsoon has shown a weakening trend. In this work, the direct effects (DE) of sulfate and black carbon (BC) aerosols on the subseasonal (pentad mean) march of the East Asian subtropical summer monsoon (EASSM) are investigated using an interactive global climate‐chemistry model. The simulation results suggest that the DE of sulfate aerosols have a notable effect on the cooling of the low troposphere across the continent in spring and autumn, hence, changing the time of the seasonal transition of the zonal land‐sea thermal contrast (ZTC). The DE of BC result in cooling of the low troposphere and heating of the middle troposphere, leading to a different impact than that caused by sulfates. The cooling of the surface and troposphere by sulfates leads to a delay in the warming of East Asian continent in spring and the EASSM onset time; it also accelerates the process of the continent turning colder and advances the retreat of the EASSM. The deeper heating in the middle‐upper troposphere than the cooling in the low troposphere due to the DE of BC or the combination of both lead to an advance in the onset time of the monsoon caused by the continent turning warmer earlier in spring. In autumn, the same cooling effect by sulfates leads to the continent turning colder earlier, resulting in an advance in the retreat time.
Establishing thresholds of handgrip strength based on mortality using machine learning in a prospective cohort of Chinese population

Background The relative prognostic importance of handgrip strength (HGS) in comparison with other risk factors for mortality remains to be further clarified, and thresholds used for best identify high-risk individuals in health screening are not yet established. Using machine learning and nationally representative data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), the study aimed to investigate the prognostic importance of HGS and establish sex-specific thresholds for health screening. Methods A total of 6,762 participants from CHARLS were enrolled. A random forest model was built using 30 variables with all-cause mortality as outcome. SHapley Additive exPlanation values were applied to explain the model. Cox proportional hazard models and Harrell’s C index change were used to validate the clinical importance of the thresholds. Results Among the participants, 3,102 (45.9%) were men, and 622 (9.1%) case of death were documented follow-up period of 6.78 years. The random forest model identified HGS as the fifth important prognostic variable, with thresholds for identifying high-risk individuals were < 32 kg in men and < 19 kg in women. Low HGS were associated with all-cause mortality [HR (95% CI): 1.77 (1.49–2.11), p < 0.001]. The addition of HGS thresholds improved the predictive ability of an established office-based risk score (C-index change: 0.022, p < 0.001). Conclusion On the basis of our thresholds, low HGS predicted all-cause mortality better than other risk factors and improved prediction of a traditional office-based risk score. These results reinforced the clinical utility of measurement of HGS in health screening.
Deteksi Interleukin-10 (IL-10) pada Mice Balb/C yang diinfeksi dengan Virus Dengue: Telaah patogenesis antara teori infeksi sekunder dan virulensi

Since the pathogenesis/immunopathogenesis of vasculopathy plasma leakage in DHF/ DSS was not clearly understood, this study was conducted. Considering the equilibrium between pro and anti inflammatory cytokine in homeostatic process in inflammation, this study was aimed to; first, detect the increase of secretion of IL-10 of immune responses of Mice Balb/c that were challenged with dengue virus serotype Den-1 & Den-3. Second, compare the secretion of IL-10 of immune responses of Mice Balb/c that were challenged with dengue viruses in primary infection, secondary monospecific infection and secondary heterologous infection. This study was experimental laboratory, with randomised pretest-posttest with spread control group design. Balb/C mice were used as animal laboratory models. The dengue viruses Den-1 & Den-3 that used in this study were isolated from dengue suspected patients and the viruses were innoculated and bred in BHK 21 clone 13 cell line, before they were injected to the models. Serum samples were collected from blood by centrifuging the blood for 10 minutes at 1000 rpm. The data of this experiment were obtained by applying the serum samples in Murine IL-10 Elisa Kit product of Diaclone Research France. In primary infection, significant increase of IL-10 mean titer in experimental group challenged with dengue viruses Den-1 was obtained (p=0.03) compared with the control group. Conversely the experimental group challenged with dengue viruses Den-3 showed no significant increase of mean titer (p=0.127). In the secondary infection, group treated with dengue Viruses Den-1 showed decrease of mean titer of IL-10 (p=0.034 & p=0.003). Meanwhile, group treated with dengue Viruses Den-3 showed no significant different compared to primary infection group (p=0.571&p=0.359). The results of the study, support both virulence theory and the secondary heterologous dengue infection theory.
A 1.0-THz High-Gain Metal-Only Transmit-Array Antenna Based on High-Precision UV-LIGA Microfabrication Technology

Implementing high-gain antennas operating in exceedingly high THz regions, e.g., the challenging WR-1.0 band, relies significantly on dependable microfabrication technologies. Due to the advantages of high precision, low cost, and high uniformity, this article presents a 1.0-THz 64 × 64-element high-gain metal-only transmit-array (TA) antenna fabricated using ultraviolet photolithography techniques in conjunction with micro electroforming (collectively, UV-LIGA). As a highly parallel batch fabrication technology, the UV-LIGA consists of three main stages in this case, namely film fabrication, electroforming, and assembly. In full consideration of array structural stability and intrinsic connectivity based on the UV-LIGA, the proposed phasing element design employs a five-layered folded-slot structure with four air-filled spacer layers. By placing a shim layer between two contiguous folded-slot slices, whose thickness can be varied by modifying the electroforming time, each air gap can be accurately and flexibly ensured. The fabricated TA prototype is experimentally validated in a THz chamber. The maximum gain is 36.47 dBi, and its corresponding aperture efficiency is equal to 25.96%. The measured 3-dB gain bandwidth is from 0.79 to 1.03 THz.
Native bacteria from the caatinga biome mitigate the effects of drought on melon (Cucumis melo L.)

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) from drylands are promising biological resources to mitigate thenegative effects induced by water deficit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bacteria nativefrom the Caatinga biome on the initial growth of melon plants subjected to water deficit. Nine bacteria (M1.1,T11.2, PH5.2, T11.1, T2.1, T1.1, M7.1, XX6.9 and XX6.6) isolated from Caatinga soils were tested in two varietiesof melons (Cantaloupe and Yellow) cultivated under two water availability scenarios (50% irrigation and 100%irrigation of the crop evapotranspiration - ETc). In the control treatment, no inoculation was performed. Theeffects of the treatments on shoot length (SL), shoot dry mass (SDM), root length (RL) and root dry mass (RDM)were evaluated. In the scenario without water deficit (100% ETc replacement), the isolates PH5.2, T2.2, M7.1,XX6.9 promoted (p<0.05) the root and shoot biomasses in the Cantaloupe variety, while in the Yellow variety,growth promotion was sporadic, with three isolates (M1.1, M7.1 and XX6.9) promoting at least one parameterevaluated. In the scenario with a water deficit (50% ETc replacement), isolates T1.1 and XX6.9 promoted thetotal biomasses (SDM and RDM) of the Cantaloupe and Yellow varieties, respectively. All isolates stimulated RL inthe Cantaloupe variety. Bacteria isolated from the Caatinga promote growth and reduce the effects of waterdeficit in melon and thus are potential inoculants to enhance production in the early stages of melon cultivationin semiarid regions.
Environmental enhancement using short-rotation woody crops and perennial grasses as alternative agricultural crops

Short-rotation woody crops and perennial grasses are grown as biomass feedstocks for energy and fiber. When replacing traditional row crops on similar lands, these alternative crops can provide multiple environmental benefits in addition to enhancing rural economies and providing valuable feedstock resources. The Department of Energy is supporting research to address how these crops can provide environmental benefits to soil, water and native wildlife species in addition to providing bioenergy feedstocks. Research is underway to address the potential for biomass crops to provide soil conservation and water quality improvements in crop settings. Replacement of traditional erosive row crops with biomass crops on marginal lands and establishment of biomass plantations as filter strips adjacent to streams and wetlands are being studied. The habitat value of different biomass crops for selected wildlife species is also under study. To date, these studies have shown that in comparison with row crops biomass plantings of both grass and tree crops increased biodiversity of birds; however, the habitat value of tree plantations is not equivalent to natural forests. The effects on native wildlife of establishing multiple plantations across a landscape are being studied. Combining findings on wildlife use of individual plantations with information on the cumulative effects of multiple plantations on wildlife populations can provide guidance for establishing and managing biomass crops to enhance biodiversity while providing biomass feedstocks. Data from site-specific environmental studies can provide input for evaluation of the probable effects of large-scale plantings at both landscape and regional levels of resolution.
Amelioration of ovalbumin-induced lung inflammation in a mouse model by Trichinella spiralis novel cystatin

Background and Aims: Asthma, a chronic disease affecting humans and animals, has recently become increasingly prevalent and steadily widespread. The alternative treatment of asthma using helminth infections or helminth-derived immunomodulatory molecules (IMs) has been evaluated and demonstrated significant amelioration of disease severity index in vitro and in vivo. Trichinella spiralis, a parasitic nematode and its IMs, elicits a potential to relieve asthma and other immune-related disorders. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory function of recombinant T. spiralis novel cystatin (rTsCstN) in ameliorating acute inflammatory asthma disorders in a murine model. Materials and Methods: Female BALB/c mice were sensitized using intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA)/alum and subsequently challenged with intranasal administration of OVA alone or OVA + rTsCstN for 3 consecutive days, producing OVA-induced allergic asthma models. To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of rTsCstN, the inflammatory cells and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and OVA-specific immunoglobulin E levels in serum were assessed. Histological alterations in the lung tissues were determined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and eventually scored for the extent of inflammatory cell infiltration. Results: The asthmatic mouse models challenged with OVA + rTsCstN demonstrated a significant reduction of eosinophils (p < 0.01), macrophages (p < 0.05), and cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (p < 0.05) and interferon (IFN)-γ (p < 0.05) in BALF when compared with the mice challenged with OVA alone. However, the levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 remained unchanged. Histological examination revealed that mice administered OVA + rTsCstN were less likely to have inflammatory cell infiltration in their perivascular and peribronchial lung tissues than those administered OVA alone. Conclusion: Recombinant T. spiralis novel cystatin demonstrated immunomodulatory effects to reduce severe pathogenic alterations in asthma mouse models, encouraging a viable alternative treatment for asthma and other immunoregulatory disorders in humans and animals in the future.
Disparate viral pandemics from COVID19 to monkeypox and beyond: a simple, effective and universal therapeutic approach hiding in plain sight

The field of antiviral therapeutics is fixated on COVID19 and rightly so as the fatalities at the height of the pandemic in the United States were almost 1,000,000 in a twelve month period spanning parts of 2020/2021. A coronavirus called SARS–CoV2 is the causative virus. Development of a vaccine through molecular biology approaches with mRNA as the inducer of virus spike protein has played a major role in driving down mortality and morbidity. Antivirals have been of marginal value in established infections at the level of hospitalization. Thus, the current focus is on early symptomatic infection of about the first five days. The Pfizer drug paxlovid which is composed of nirmatrelvir, a peptidomimetic protease inhibitor of SARS–CoV2 Mpro enzyme, and ritonavir to retard degradation of nirmatrelvir, is the current FDA recommended treatment of early COVID19. There is no evidence of broad antiviral activity of paxlovid against other diverse viruses such as the influenza virus, poxviruses, as well as a host of respiratory viruses. Although type I interferons (IFNs) are effective against SARS–CoV2 in cell cultures and in early COVID19 infections, they have not been broadly recommended as therapeutics for COVID19. We have developed stable peptidomimetics of both types I and II IFNs based on our noncanonical model of IFN signaling involving the C-terminus of the IFNs. We have also identified two members of intracellular checkpoint inhibitors called suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS), SOCS1 and SOCS3 (SOCS1/3), and shown that they are virus induced intrinsic virulence proteins with activity against IFN signaling enzymes JAK2 and TYK2. We developed a peptidomimetic antagonist, based on JAK2 activation loop, against SOCS1/3 and showed that it synergizes with the IFN mimetics for potent broad spectrum antiviral activity without the toxicity of intact IFN molecules. IFN mimetics and the SOCS1/3 antagonist should have an advantage over currently used antivirals in terms of safety and potency against a broad spectrum of viruses.
Reverse Time Migration of Multiples

Multiple reflections have different wave propagation paths from primary reflections and thus can be used to complement the illumination where primary reflections from beneath the salt are not available. We propose to modify conventional reverse time migration (RTM) so that multiples can be used as constructive reflection energy for subsalt imaging. This new approach replaces the impulsive source wavelet with the recorded data containing both primaries and multiples and uses predicted multiples as the input data. In the RTM process, multiples recorded on the surface are extrapolated backward in time to each depth level, and the observed data with both primaries and multiples are extrapolated forward in time to the same depth level, followed by a cross-correlation imaging condition. A numerical test on the Sigsbee2B dataset shows that a wider coverage and a more balanced illumination of the subsurface area can be achieved by migration of multiples compared with conventional migration of primary reflections.
Pollution Evaluation of Vertical Sediments in the Yalu River Estuary over the Past Century

The sedimentation rate,grain size and contents of heavy metals were measured and analyzed with high time resolution for the core of mainly gulf sediments in the western branch of Yalu River.Combined with 210Pb dating data,correlation and cluster analyses on the experimental data were performed.In addition,pollution evaluation of the vertical sediments was performed using a geoaccumulation index.The results showed that,with the exception of Cu,the pollution of all the other heavy metals were increasing in the Yalu River estuary,which indicated a large impact of human activities on the natural evolution.Grain size was not the only factor influencing the accumulation of heavy metals.The results showed that,with the exception of Cu and As,there was good correlation among Hg,Cr,Ni,Zn,Pb and Cd,which were in good agreement with their local sediment environment.The concentrations of most heavy metals were controlled by industrial and agricultural pollution,while Cu mainly originated from mineral pollution.Based on the background values of the Sino-Korean Platform shale,the pollution levels of most heavy metals were determined to be medium to high,which indicated increasingly serious heavy metal pollution in the Yalu River estuary.
Caspase-Linked Programmed Cell Death in Prostate Cancer: From Apoptosis, Necroptosis, and Pyroptosis to PANoptosis

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a complex disease and the cause of one of the highest cancer-related mortalities in men worldwide. Annually, more than 1.2 million new cases are diagnosed globally, accounting for 7% of newly diagnosed cancers in men. Programmed cell death (PCD) plays an essential role in removing infected, functionally dispensable, or potentially neoplastic cells. Apoptosis is the canonical form of PCD with no inflammatory responses elicited, and the close relationship between apoptosis and PCa has been well studied. Necroptosis and pyroptosis are two lytic forms of PCD that result in the release of intracellular contents, which induce inflammatory responses. An increasing number of studies have confirmed that necroptosis and pyroptosis are also closely related to the occurrence and progression of PCa. Recently, a novel form of PCD named PANoptosis, which is a combination of apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, revealed the attached connection among them and may be a promising target for PCa. Apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and PANoptosis are good examples to better understand the mechanism underlying PCD in PCa. This review aims to summarize the emerging roles and therapeutic potential of apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and PANoptosis in PCa.