Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bound exciton-assisted spin-to-charge conversion of donors in silicon

Donor spins in silicon are promising candidates for quantum information applications. The information storage time in donor qubits greatly exceeds the single operation time-scale and hence promises fast and accurate quantum computation, as well as highly sensitive magnetometers. Yet, the spin-readout of single donors and small donor ensembles remains non-trivial. One potential spin-to-charge conversion method is provided by the bound exciton, which is a long-lived, excited state of the donor that can be created optically in a spin-selective manner. It decays via an Auger process, whereby the donor is ionized while the electron is promoted to the conduction band, resulting in a spin-dependent change of sample conductivity. The main subject of this thesis is to understand the physical processes surrounding the photoconductivity of the bound exciton transition and to take first steps towards the spin-measurement of small donor ensembles in devices. To this end, first, fundamental properties of the bound exciton transition are studied. Expressions for the transition energy-dependence to strain and magnetic fields are derived and experimentally validated. Furthermore, a proper treatment of the competing processes of direct, spin-independent donor ionisation is introduced, which significantly impacts the achievable read-out fidelity and spin polarisation. Secondly, experiments utilizing the bound exciton transition for spin resonance experiments on bulk samples are presented. After a development of a circuit-model for the capacitive measurement technique, coherence time measurement of the phosphorus electron spin in highly purified silicon-28 samples are presented and a novel, electrical method for state tomography of donor ensembles is developed. Lastly, usage of the bound exciton transition in silicon devices is demonstrated with spin resonance measurements showing the potential for device-based magnetometry. Thereafter, a multitude of transport processes for n-type silicon at 4K and under illumination are found and explained using current-voltage measurements. Finally, the relatively small sensitivity of the bound exciton transition energy to electric fields is determined.
Physicochemical and Organoleptic Characteristics of Seasoning from Tempe Hydrolysates using Long Treatment of Fermentation and Proteolytic Enzyme Proportion

Tempeh is a native Nusantara food that is often found in traditional Indonesian markets. Over fermentation, due to unsold, they are called over fermented tempeh resulted in non-optimum utilization. Alternative utilizations that can be used is as a seasoning. The making of seasoning can be done by the hydrolysis technique using the protease enzyme of biduri and papain. This study aimed to determine the effect of fermentation time and the proportion of proteolytic enzyme on the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of seasoning from tempeh hydrolysates. The experimental design used was a factorial pattern CRD with two factors. Factor I is tempeh fermentation time (18 hours and 72 hours), while factor II is the enzyme proportion of biduri and papain (0%: 100%; 25%: 75%; 50%: 50%; 75%: 25%; and 100 %: 0%). The best treatment is 72 hours fermentation duration and the enzyme proportion of biduri and papain (50%: 50%) which produces a seasoning powder with the following characteristics: the degree of hydrolysis 82.32%; dissolved protein 58.85%; moisture 7.89%; water solubility index 0.09 gr/ml; oil absorption 0.78 ml/gr, yield 9.32%, organoleptic to taste 3.93 (savory), aroma 3.40 (somewhat pleasant), and color 1.13 (very white), and glutamic acid content 59, 93 mg/100 gr.
Improvement in Making ACI-rat Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in The Experiments of Interventional Therapy and Its Imaging Properties

PURPOSE To improve the preparation of August Copenhagen Irish(ACI)-rat model suitable for interventional therapy, and to investigate its 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D -glucose-Positron emission tomography(FDG-PET) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) features. METHODS Morris hepatoma 3924A tumors were implanted in the left lobe of the liver in 20 male ACI rats. FDG-PET and MRI scans were performed on day 14 after implantation. After that, all the rats were sacrificed and samples of tissues were fixed and used for various analyses. RESULTS FDG-PET scans showed increased uptake of 18F-FDG of tumor nodules, and no signs of wound and peritoneal cavity metastases. The average maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax) in tumors was 4.85 ± 0.86(range, 3.58–6.6) and 0.79 ± 0.42(range, 0.27–1.63) in the surrounding normal liver tissues. Tumor nodules on MRI were shown to be hypointensity on T1-weighted images and hyperintensity on T2-weighted images. The average tumor volume was 106 ± 15 mm3. No intrahepatic metastasis or lung metastasis were found on day 14. CONCLUSION FDG-PET is useful in screening the earlier cases with implantation metastasis. MRI is useful in assessing this interventional model. The tumor model shows a well application for the interventional therapy experiment.
Acetochlor degradation by a mixed culture of P. fluorescens KT3 and B. subtilis 2M6E immobilized in alginate

In this study, the acetochlor degradation by two microbial isolates, P. fl uorescens KT3 and B. subtilis 2M6E, was determined. The immobilization of the bacterial mixture in alginate beads resulted in higher degradation rates compared to their free cells. The addition of glycerol as a cryoprotectant reducing adverse eff ects in long-term storage. After storing at 4oC for three months, the cell survivals of free cell with and without the cryoprotectant were 43.0 ± 6.1% and 57.3 ± 5.9%, while data for immobilized bacteria were 64.0 ± 5.3% and 77.6 ± 4.0%, respectively. These results prove that the immobilization of bacteria in alginate and the addition of glycerol can be applied for storing bacteria in a long-term period.
Kinetic and TL glow curve analysis of UV-, β- and γ-irradiated natural limestone collected from Chunkatta mines

ABSTRACT Herein the manuscript reports kinetics and Thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve analysis of UV-, β- and γ-irradiated natural limestone samples collected from Chunkatta mines of Chhattisgarh basin. The collected samples were annealed at 100°C for 1 h for preheat treatment before irradiation after that the samples were irradiated by UV, β and γ, respectively. After irradiation the 1 mg weigh samples perform for TL glow curve analysis. Collected limestone was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis technique and crystallite size was calculated using Scherer’s formula. UV-irradiated sample shows the high-temperature peak centered at 250°C, for β-irradiated sample showed well resolved broad TL glow curve at 404 K which is fitted using computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) technique. Similarly, for γ-irradiation the well resolved three distinct peaks at 209, 288 and 388°C showed the formation of deep trapping for γ-irradiation. Dose rate effect for UV- and γ-irradiation reported in details as well as the trap formation were described by trap depth model. Kinetic parameters for UV-, β- and γ-irradiation were calculated using peak shape method by CGCD technique. The study was determined the trap level formation and application related to TL dose response in collected limestone sample.
Computational Studies Reveal Piperine, the Predominant Oleoresin of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) as a Potential Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

In this study, we screened 26 bioactive compounds present in various spices for activity against SARS-CoV-2 using molecular docking Results showed that piperine, present in black pepper had a high binding affinity (-7 0 kCal/mol) than adenosine monophosphate (-6 4 kCal/mol) towards the RNA-binding pocket of the nucleocapsid Molecular dynamics simulation of the docked complexes confirmed the stability of piperine docked to nucleocapsid protein as a potential inhibitor of the RNA-binding site Therefore, piperine seems to be potential candidate to inhibit the packaging of RNA in the nucleocapsid and thereby inhibiting the viral proliferation This study suggests that consumption of black pepper may also help to combat SARS-CoV-2 directly through possible antiviral effects, besides its immunomodulatory functions
Deliberation of Fraud Triangle Theory: A Comparison among Public and Private Commercial Banks of Sindh, Pakistan

The research has been conducted to apply the most fundamental concept of fraud triangle theory, introduced by Donald Cressey’s in 1950-53, to private and public commercial banks of Sindh, Pakistan. According to this theory, Donald Cressey identified that when three-component/factor i-e pressure, opportunity, and rationalization, comes into an individual’s life, he is very likely to commit fraud. Eight different hypotheses are drawn for this study to test the elements of the fraud triangle in public and private sector banks. The study adopted a primary source of data collection, with a sample size of 600 distributed to respondents of the two largest bank of Pakistan, i-e, the National Bank of Pakistan and Habib Bank Limited. The statistical Mann-Whitney U-Test applied to test the hypotheses. The results of the study disclosed that the employees in public sector banks in Sindh, facing more financial pressure, the internal control of public banks is also week; hence fraudsters find more opportunities to commit fraud and the employees working in public banks also behave rationalization for their illicit activities.
Metallothionein expression in slow- vs. fast-twitch muscle fibers following 4 weeks of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is known to cause an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevated intracellular glucose levels. We investigated the metallothionein I and II (MT I+II) antioxidants expression in soleus (mainly slow-twitch) and plantaris (predominantly fast-twitch) skeletal muscle using a rodent model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The presence of oxidative stress was confirmed by the detection of increased levels of protein carbonyl formation in the diabetic tissues. DAB (3,3′-diaminobenzidine) immunostaining and Western blotting analyses demonstrated that MT I+II expression was significantly upregulated in the diabetic soleus and plantaris muscle tissues compared with their respective controls. Moreover, no significant difference was detected between the plantaris and soleus controls or between the plantaris and soleus diabetic tissues. These findings suggest that there is an increase in MT protein expression in the soleus and plantaris muscles associated with the induction of T1DM. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that allow MT to prevent the oxidative stress associated with diabetes could lead to a novel therapeutic strategy for this chronic disease and its associated complications.
The effects of Staphylococcus aureus on the β-lactamase enzymes and virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in lung disease

BackgroundPseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus often lead to serious lung infections. This study aimed to investigate the role of Staphylococcus aureus in the expression of the β-lactamase enzymes and virulence factors of P. aeruginosa in the polymicrobial infections of the respiratory tract.ResultsIt was demonstrated that S. aureus reduced the viability of P. aeruginosa , particularly in the biofilm state. In addition, S. aureus decreased β-lactam resistance but increased resistance to tobramycin in the biofilm condition. Furthermore, S. aureus showed a positive effect on reducing resistance to meropenem, doripenem, ertapenem, and tobramycin (except PA-2) and on increasing pathogenicity in P. aeruginosa . Moreover, the gene expression levels for lasR/I and algD were increased in biofilm conditions. The levels of lasI were more prominent in the virulent strain than the β-lactamase producing strain. Furthermore, the expression of KPC was increased in all strains of P. aeruginosa.ConclusionIt was concluded that S. aureus has an inhibitory effect in polymicrobial infections by suppressing the β-lactamase genes and viability of P. aeruginosa and also cooperates with the biofilm-producing P. aeruginosa strains to increase pathogenicity and resistance to tobramycin.
The Mechanism of Aidi Injection on Breast Cancer Based on Network Pharmacologyanalysis

Background: Aidi injection (ADI)is a Chinese patent medicine with anti-cancer effect, which has been used to treat breast cancer (BC) in China for many years, but its potential pharmacological mechanism is still indeterminacy. In this resaearch, network pharmacology, a systematic and comprehensive approach, was used to reveal ADI's potential pharmacological mechanism in treating BC for the first time.Methods: Databases were used to collect targets related to the bioactive components of ADI and BC. the relevant networks were established by the string database, and were screened potential bioactive components and core targets. Eventually, core targets and pathway enrichment were analyzed by DAVID database.Results: As the results showed, we collected 99 bioactive ingredients,345 ADI-related targets after deduplication and 368 BC-related targets. Of these, 108 common targets were overlapped. We then performed an enrichment analysis on the common target network and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network.Conclusion: The results showed that ADI may inhibit breast cancer through seven important signal pathways involved in the "regulation of vascular endothelial function", "inflammatory response" and "apoptosis” biological processes. Through further clustering and enrichment analysis of the PPI network of ADI’s bioactive component targets and BC-related targets, we found that cancer, ErbB, MAPK, TLR, chemokine, p53 and cell cycle signaling pathway, mainly contributed to the effects of ADI in treating BC. In conclusion, this study reveals the possible mechanism of ADI in treating BC, and provides a new direction for drug development for ADI in treating BC.
SURVEY TEKNIK PENGKLASIFIKASIAN GAYA ARSITEKTUR PADA FASAD BANGUNAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN DEEP LEARNING CNN

Teknik pengklasifikasian gaya arsitektur pada fasad bangunan menjadi bagian penting pada dunia perancangan, guna mempercepat proses dalam melakukan kajian tipologinya. Dewasa ini dengan semakin berkembangnya teknologi informasi, sangat memungkinkan bila seiring waktu dengan berbagai kemajuan metode dalam mengekstraksi obyek bangunan utamanya fasad bangunan. Penelitian dalam pengklasifikasian fasad bangunan banyak dilakukan untuk menelusuri jenis bangunan maupun aspek estetika lainnya. Demi tujuan tersebut studi survey ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui teknik komputasi Deep Learning (DL) yang dapat digunakan dalam mengidentifikasi fasad bangunan secara lebih akurat dengan membedakan dan mengelompokkannya agar lebih mudah dikenali tipe bangunannya. Metode yang digunakan dalam melakukan penelitian ini menggunakan teknik seleksi dan eliminasi, berasal dari penelitian di berbagai jurnal yang relevan terhadap pengklasifikasian gaya arsitektur bangunan. Hasil survey literatur menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kesenjangan, hasil akurasi dari yang tertinggi ke terendah sebesar 48,19 % sehingga diperlukan adanya inovasi pada perangkat sistemnya. Teknik DL paling banyak digunakan dengan pendekatan Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) yang dikombinasikan dengan sistem perangkat lain, daripada fiturnya sendiri guna meningkatkan nilai akurasi.
Mir-125a rs12976445 is Associated with Susceptibility to Thyroid Cancer: A Case-control Study

Background: Thyroid cancer is the fifth communal cancer type in females and its occurrence rate continues to rise rapidly worldwide. Latest data demonstrated mir-125 is down-regulated in various cancer types. Methods: a case-control (179 cases, 165 controls) study in order to explore the association of mir-125 rs12976445 with the risk of thyroid cancer in the Iranian population was performed. In order to investigate rs12976445 C/T polymorphisms, polymerase chain reaction restriction–fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) was done. Logistic regression analyses were done to find the association of mir-125 rs12976445 C/T polymorphisms with thyroid cancer and its stages. Results: The genotype frequencies for patients was [(CC: 81(45.2%), CT: 75(41.9%), TT: 23 (12.9%)], and for controls was [(CC: 100 (60.1%), CT: 53(32.2%), TT: 12 (6.7%)]. The T allele distribution was significantly altered between patients and controls (P=0.002) with the odds ratio of 1.68. In the co-dominant model CC genotype was set as reference and compared with CT, and TT genotypes. In the dominant model, there was a significant difference between CC vs CT genotypes (adjusted OR = 1.69, 95% CI= 1-2.8, P = 0.026), and slightly significant differences between CC vs TT genotypes (adjusted OR = 2.18, 95% CI= 1-4.7, P = 0.047). we compared CT/TT genotype to the reference genotype (CC) and found a highly significant difference (adjusted OR = 1.78, 95% CI= 1.15-2.74, P = 0. 0.009). Conclusion: as the first study, our findings suggest that miR-125a rs12976445 is a possible prognostic biomarker for thyroid cancer patients.
EFFECT OF CALCIUM AND BORON AS FOLIAR SPRAY ON “LE CONTE” PEAR TREES PRODUCTIVITY

This study was carried out during 2016 and 2017 seasons on twenty years old “Le Conte” pear trees budded on Pyrus communis rootstock, grown at El-Kanater Horticultural Research Station to investigate the effect of foliar application of Ca (NO3)2 (1 and 2 % ) and borax (100 and 200 ppm) as individual or in combined on yield, leaf mineral content and fruit characteristics. The results obtained that, the highest fruit length, size, and diameter as well as fruit weight (g), fruit yield/ tree (kg) and fruit yield as ton/ fed. were recorded when pear tree was sprayed with 1or 2 % calcium nitrate + 100 or 200 ppm borax compared with both calcium and borax alone. Fruit firmness and acidity were increased by foliar spray of combined treatment calcium 100 or 200 ppm borax + 1 or 2 % Ca (NO3)2 compared to control. Spraying 1 or 2% Ca (NO3)2 alone gave the highest significant value of N % for pear leaves meanwhile P % was improved significantly using 200 ppm borax + 2% Ca (NO3 )2. Also, K, Ca and Mg % were increased significantly with spraying 200 ppm borax +2 % Ca (NO3 )2. In most cases, leaf Fe and Zn contents were increased significantly by combined treatment of 100 or 200 ppm borax + 2 % Ca (NO3)2 or 100 ppm borax alone .
Immersion cooling as the next technology for data center cooling: A review

The utility of the world internet is on the rise as it is recorded that 46% of the world’s population have become internet users who generates data traffic of up to 8 zettabytes daily. This increase has triggered the growth of data center infrastructure as processing, storage and communication system in the digital world. The data center itself has contributed 1.5% to the total world electricity consumption and this is expected to increase with time. The proportion of energy used in the data center covers 52% for information technology (IT) equipment, 38% for cooling and 10% for supporting devices. One of the problems faced by these centers over the years is the cooling of the information technology (IT) components. This paper describes a cooling model that has the potential to improve the efficiency of energy used in data centers. Numerous studies have been carried out and one of them involves the use of immersion cooling technique as it promises improvements in the energy efficiency of data centers, using dielectric fluids that have high heat capacity. Several types of fluid used in this method are identified and discussed in this paper.
Effect of tree canopy on species composition, diversity and biomass of herbaceous vegetation and soil characteristics in semi-arid forests of the Aravalli hills

Background: Herbaceous vegetation is of great ecological importance and responds quickly to environmental changes. Present study was aimed to understand the variation in herbaceous species composition, diversity, biomass and soil physicochemical properties in canopy gaps and under the canopy of semi-arid forests in the Aravalli hills. Methods: Four permanent plots consisting of canopy gaps and under canopy were established. To study herbs phytosociological attributes and biomass, 10 quadrats of 0.5 x 0.5 m size were laid in each plot. For soil physico-chemical properties, 5 soil samples were collected randomly at 0-10 cm depth from each plot. Relationship between biodiversity indices, herbs biomass and soil physicochemical properties was determined using Redundancy Analysis (RDA) and correlation analyses. Results: The sites differed in terms of herbaceous species composition, diversity, biomass and soil physico-chemical properties. Canopy gaps were dominated by grasses while forbs were higher under the canopy. Across the sites, poaceae was the dominant family. All species showed contagious distribution pattern. Oplismenus burmannii reported highest IVI (138.0; 230.5) under the canopy while Achyranthes aspera (56.15) and Eragrostis ciliaris (53.1) had highest IVI in canopy gaps. Diversity indices were higher in canopy gaps. Herbaceous community biomass in canopy gaps ranged from 700-900 gm-2 while under the canopy it ranged from 30-70 gm-2. Cenchrus ciliaris (597.97 gm-2) and Chrysopogon sp. (391.2 gm-2) constituted major proportion of biomass in canopy gaps. The soil of under canopy regions had lower pH and bulk density, but higher soil moisture (%), electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (TN), SOC stock and soil TN stock than the canopy gaps. Linear positive relationship between species diversity and biomass; negative relationship between soil chemical properties and herbaceous biomass was found in study area. Even though canopy had positive effects on soil physico-chemical properties, overall negative effect on herbaceous diversity and biomass was seen. Conclusions: Reduced light for photosynthesis and tree root competition for soil resources may be the major factors negatively affecting herbaceous diversity and biomass. Canopy had a significant impact and herbs species composition, diversity, biomass and soil physico-chemical properties showed distinct differences in relation to it.
Investigating Sentences Features for Subjectivity and Polarity Classification in Brazilian Portuguese

Identifying subjective sentences and calculating the polarity of these sentences are two important tasks of sentiment analysis. Although they are not new problems, the most of solutions are focused on the English language. In this paper, we have proposed and evaluated an approach based on machine learning to handle both tasks in Portuguese. We investigated the use of two classifiers and also proposed a set of linguistic features extracted from the text. We experiment and evaluate the methods against a representative set of baselines and a diverse set of datasets. Our approach achieved the best results for both tasks and for all test datasets. Resumo. Identificar sentenças subjetivas e calcular a polaridade destas sentenças são duas importantes tarefas de análise de sentimentos. Apesar de não serem problemas novos, a maioria das soluções são voltadas para o idioma inglês. Neste artigo, nós propusemos e avaliamos uma abordagem baseada em aprendizagem de máquina para lidar com as duas tarefas em português. Nós investigamos o uso de dois modelos de classificação e também propusemos um conjunto de caracterı́sticas linguı́sticas do próprio texto. Nós experimentamos e avaliamos os métodos contra um representativo conjunto de baselines e em um conjunto diversificado de datasets. Nossa abordagem alcançou os melhores resultados nas duas tarefas e em todos os conjuntos de dados de teste.