Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Effect of Copula for Reliability of Parallel System with Dependent Components

The paper studies reliability of parallel system with dependent parts by using the property of Copulas,then it solves the problem about the reliabilities,the average life and the expression of the failure rate,and investigates relation between the average life of parallel system with lower orthant and the average life of system with independent components,moreover,it analyses the number of components and the dependence relation to the impact of the average life through examples.
Preliminary Study of Molecular Contrast Optical Coherence Tomography

In this paper,the current state of research on the use of molecular contrast agents in optical coherence tomography(OCT) is reviewed,and different molecular contrast OCT(MCOCT) methods that have been developed thus far are also introduced.Relevant issues including the choice of contrast agents,light exposure dosage,detection sensitivity,and practical issues concerning implementation of MCOCT method for clinical or biological applications are discussed.
Standardizing I.V. push medication dilution and administration

The lack of standardization for I.V. push (IVP) medication dilution and administration poses a significant risk to patients. Errors associated with improper dilution of IVP medications may lead to patient harm, including tissue injury and infections. The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) describes numerous factors that increase the risk of error when administering medications as an IVP. These factors include a lack of direction, incorrect diluent, and incorrect diluent quantity. The Infusion Nurses Society (INS) advises not to dilute IVP medications if not recommended by the
Variable Levels of Oxytocin During Sepsis: The Role of Oxytocin in Sepsis Pathophysiology

Background Although the role of oxytocin in the pathophysiology of sepsis is still unknown, rising preclinical evidence suggests that oxytocin is possibly involved. However, no direct clinical studies have measured the levels of oxytocin during sepsis. In this preliminary study, the serum oxytocin levels were evaluated throughout the duration of sepsis. Method Twenty-two male patients over 18 years of age with a SOFA score of 2 points or more who were admitted to the ICU were included. Patients with a history of neuroendocrine, psychiatric, and neurologic disorders, cancer, an infection caused by COVID-19, shock due to reasons other than sepsis, a history of psychiatric or neurologic medication use, and those who died during the study were excluded. The main endpoint included the measurement of serum oxytocin levels using radioimmunoassay at 6, 24, and 48 h of the ICU admission. Results Mean serum oxytocin level was higher at 6 h of ICU admission (41.27 ± 13.14 ng/L) than after 24 and 48 h of ICU admission (22.63 ± 5.75 and 20.97 ± 7.61 ng/L respectively) (P-value < .001). Conclusion Our study, while reporting increased serum oxytocin levels in the initial phase of sepsis and decline afterward, supports the possible contribution of oxytocin in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Given that oxytocin seems to modulate the innate immune system, future investigations are necessary to assess the potential role of oxytocin in the pathophysiology of sepsis.
Digitalization of healthcare in India: Have we jumped on the campaign yet?

India is a vast country with a population of 1.4 billion. With billions of lives on the line, access to healthcare and support systems should be the number one priority. Digitalization is a key to implementing decision making in a country of the size of India. Its implementation is expected to improve the overall efficiency, effectiveness, and transparency in Indian Healthcare and encourage the seamless delivery of personalized solutions making healthcare more patient-centric in India. As a result, advanced digital and data-enabled technologies increasingly diffuse the healthcare market, which undergoes a costly and massive digital transformation. According to a report, the Indian hospital industry accounts for 80% of the total healthcare market which is expected to touch US$132 billion by 2023. The digital health concept was first introduced in 2000 by Frank. Digital Health refers to “Integrating information Technology into Health care services and encompasses an array of components. ” It uses information and communication technologies to facilitate understanding of health problems and challenges faced by people receiving medical treatment and social prescribing in more personalized and precise ways. The definitions of digital health and its remits overlap in many ways with those of health and medical informatics. Not just modern healthcare, but, in fact, our whole routine life is difficult to imagine without the use of technology. This has been acutely realized during the COVID-19 pandemic recently forcing the entire globe to adopt digital health and health technologies on a large scale.
Incomplete reproductive barriers and genomic differentiation impact the spread of resistance mutations between green‐ and red‐colour morphs of a cosmopolitan mite pest

Pesticide resistance represents a clear and trackable case of adaptive evolution with a strong societal impact. Understanding the factors associated with the evolution and spread of resistance is imperative to develop sustainable crop management strategies. The two‐spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae, a major crop pest with worldwide distribution and a polyphagous lifestyle, has evolved resistance to most classes of pesticides. Tetranychus urticae exists as either a green‐ or a red‐coloured morph. However, the extent of genetic divergence and reproductive compatibility vary across populations of these colour morphs, complicating their taxonomic resolution at the species level. Here, we studied patterns of genetic differentiation and barriers to gene flow within and between morphs of T. urticae in order to understand the factors that influence the spread of resistance mutations across its populations. We derived multiple iso‐female lines from Tetranychus populations collected from agricultural crops. We generated genomic and morphological data, characterized their bacterial communities and performed controlled crosses. Despite morphological similarities, we found large genomic differentiation between the morphs. This pattern was reflected in the incomplete, but strong postzygotic incompatibility in crosses between colour morphs, while crosses within morphs from different geographical locations were largely compatible. In addition, our results suggest recent/on‐going gene flow between green‐coloured T. urticae and T. turkestani. By screening the sequences of 10 resistance genes, we found evidence for multiple independent origins and for single evolutionary origins of target‐site resistance mutations. Our results indicate that target‐site mutations mostly evolve independently in populations on different geographical locations, and that these mutations can spread due to incomplete barriers to gene flow within and between populations.
The association of spousal depressive symptoms and cognitive function among older adults: mediation and moderated mediation analyses

Abstract Objectives To test whether contagious depressive symptoms mediate the association between spousal depressive symptoms (spousal-DS) and the other spouse’s cognitive function, and test the moderated mediation of social activities engagement and sleep quality. Study design A total of 3,230 adults aged ≥60 and one of his/her close relatives were interviewed in 2016 in Xiamen, China. Methods Cognitive function and depressive symptoms were measured by MoCA and GDS-15/CES-D-10, respectively. Social activities engagement and sleep quality were self-reported. Mediation and moderated mediation were tested by PROCESS macro with 5000 bootstrapping re-samples. Result Among all, 1,193 pairs were husband-wife with complete information and were included. The mean ages of older adults and their spouses were 68.35 ± 6.53 and 66.53 ± 7.91 years, respectively. The mean MoCA and GDS-15 scores for older adults were 22.21 ± 5.45 and 1.73 ± 2.17, respectively. The average score of CES-D-10 for spouses was 14.18 ± 4.77. Spousal-DS were associated with cognitive functions of older adults via the contagious depressive symptoms (indirect effect: −0.048, 95% confidence interval (CI): (-0.075, −0.028)). Such mediation can be buffered by attending social activities (interaction: −0.062, 95% CI: (-0.111, −0.013)) and improving sleep quality (interaction: −0.034, 95% CI: (-0.057, −0.012)). Conclusion Cognitive function of older adults was associated with his/her spouse’s depressive symptoms, and the association was mediated by contagious depressive symptoms and moderated by social activities as well as sleep quality.
Effects of chocolate on cognitive function in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis on clinical trials

Cognitive function is defined as performance in objective tasks that need conscious mind effort. It has been shown that consuming foods rich in flavanols causes neurobiological effects and improves learning, memory, and global cognitive function. This study aimed to investigate the impact of chronic chocolate consumption on cognitive function in healthy adults based on published trials. The PICO strategy was applied to examine the research question in this study. Researchers searched the Web of Science, Science Direct, Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases. Related articles of randomized controlled trials that evaluated the chronic effect of chocolate on cognitive function were selected (all published from their inception to February 2021). The difference in means of the last and first measurements was the main effect measure between the control and intervention groups. For quantitative data synthesis, weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were performed in the random effect model. Of the initial 340 articles identified, seven trials met the eligibility criteria. Chronic chocolate intake significantly reduced executive function time (WMD: −11.77, 95% CI: −22.49, −1.05, p = 0.03) of the participants. Further, the language and executive function (WMD: 6.38, 95% CI: 5.97, 6.80, p < 0.001) was raised by 6.38 times after the intervention with chocolate. We could not perform subgroup analysis due to insufficient trials and significant heterogeneity in some studies. It is concluded that daily consumption of cocoa may provide short and middle‐term effects on young adults and make them better cognitive performance in learning, memory, and attention.
Partial differential equations

where the operator K is symmetric and positive definite, and “walked” through the Rayleigh-Ritz approach of formulating a finite element (matrix) problem to approximate its solution. Specifically, we saw that solving the problem K[u] = f was equivalent to minimizing a quadratic functional Q(u). After assuming the special form u = ∑ ciφi (which, in most cases, assures we will not find the true solution u), we found the appropriate coefficients (c1, · · · , cn) for our approximate solution by solving the matrix problem Mc = b, where mi j = 〈 φi,K[φ j] 〉 and bi = 〈 f , φi 〉 .
Evolving red papule in a patient with oculocutaneous albinism

to benign nevi, linear irregular vessels are the predominant vessel type seen in amelanotic melanoma, including serpentine, coiled, and looped vessels. 10 A combination of centrally located dotted and linear vessels is one of the most predictive distinguishing patterns for amelanotic melanoma, 10 but polymorphous vessels at the margin of a depigmented lesion have also been reported, 8 indicating that irregularity in vessel morphology and distribution is a crucial distinguishing factor for malignancy among these patients. This case highlights the importance of keeping a broad differential diagnosis when evaluating cutaneous lesions in patients with OCA.
Global status of phenotypic pyrazinamide resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Pyrazinamide (PZA) is an essential first-line tuberculosis drug for its unique mechanism of action active against multidrug-resistant-TB (MDR-TB). Thus, the aim of updated meta-analysis was to estimate the PZA weighted pooled resistance (WPR) rate in M. tuberculosis isolates based on publication date and WHO regions. We systematically searched the related reports in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase (from January 2015 to July 2022). Statistical analyses were performed using STATA software. The 115 final reports in the analysis investigated phenotypic PZA resistance data. The WPR of PZA was 57% (95% CI 48–65%) in MDR-TB cases. According to the WHO regions, the higher WPRs of PZA were reported in the Western Pacific (32%; 95% CI 18–46%), South East Asian region (37%; 95% CI 31–43%), and the Eastern Mediterranean (78%; 95% CI 54–95%) among any-TB patients, high risk of MDR-TB patients, and MDR-TB patients, respectively. A negligible increase in the rate of PZA resistance were showed in MDR-TB cases (55% to 58%). The rate of PZA resistance has been rising in recent years among MDR-TB cases, underlines the essential for both standard and novel drug regimens development.
On Multisample Multinomial Mixture Model

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACT This paper deals with the parameter estimation of mixed component distributions from a series of histograms, where mixing weights are variable. Exploring a series of histograms (rather than the total histogram) is studied in this paper since the fitting a series of histograms is more informative than that for a total histogram. To avoid the inconsistency in estimating the weights of classes, a mixed model with random weights is proposed. The modification of the iterative reweighted Gauss- Newton algorithm is suggested for the parameter estimation of a generalized multivariate regression model applicable for singular covariance matrices of multivariate observations. The consistency and asymptotic normality for the parameter estimates of the model follows under our assumptions from Malyutov (1983).
Device profile of the Orchid safety release valve for the prevention of accidental catheter dislodgement

ABSTRACT Introduction More than 4 out of 5 patients in acute care require intravenous catheters. Complications of catheter dislodgement and failure are commonly reported at rates of 15–69% causing interrupted treatment and greater resource consumption when catheter replacement is required. Areas covered This manuscript outlines unmet needs in the prevention of catheter dislodgement and how a novel safety release device (Orchid SRV™, Linear Health Sciences) might address these gaps based on available evidence. Expert opinion Healthcare initiatives focus on reducing complications and associated costs with the delivery of intravenous treatments. Tension-activated safety release valve devices, attached to intravenous tubing, are a new feature that adds a level of safety to intravenous catheters to reduce mechanical catheter dislodgement when a pull force of greater than 3 pounds is applied. Incorporating a tension-activated accessory into and between existing intravenous tubing and the catheter and extension set protects the catheter from dislodgement. Flow continues until excessive pull force separates and closes the flow pathway in both directions, while the SRV provides a quick replacement to reestablish flow. The safety release valve is used to prevent accidental catheter dislodgement, limit tubing contamination, and avoid more serious complications while maintaining a functional catheter. Plain Language Summary It is common for intravenous treatment to be disrupted due to accidental dislodgement of the catheter. Once this happens, the catheter must be replaced. This dislodgement may cause patient discomfort, loss of intravenous access to treatment, increase the chance of catheter failure due to blockage, and increase the risk of life-threatening infection. A new tension release device, the Orchid SRV, is designed to increase patient safety with a release valve, activated with any pulling force on the connected tubing, to prevent dislodgement and complications associated with catheter failure.
Prolonged breastfeeding and dental caries in preschool children

Abstract Purpose To explore breastfeeding from 6 to 18 months of age and to study the association between breastfeeding and caries prevalence at 5 years of age. Methods The study included 1088 children from one Norwegian county and was based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). The children had clinical dental examination at 5 years of age, and parents answered a questionnaire, which included information on breastfeeding, oral health behaviour and child characteristic. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed. The study was ethically approved. Results Of the studied children, 77% were breastfed at 6 months of age and 16% were still breastfed at 18 months of age. Few children (6%) were breastfed during night at 18 months of age, while 11% received sugary drink during night. No association was found between breastfeeding up to 18 months of age and caries prevalence at 5 years of age (p > .05). Children who at 18 months of age had their teeth brushed less than twice daily (OR 2.4, CI 1.5–3.9), consumed sugary drink once a week or more often (OR 1.7, CI 1.1–2.7) and had non-Western parents (OR 3.4, CI 1.5–8.1) were more likely to have caries experience at 5 years of age than other children. Conclusion Breastfeeding up to 18 months of age was not associated with caries development during preschool age.
Biomarkers and mechanisms associated with cancer‐induced cardiac cachexia: A systematic review

Cancer cachexia is a severe multifactorial syndrome that affects up to 80% of patients with advanced cancer, causing death in 20–80% with no effective treatments. It causes multi-organ alteration and loss of skeletal and cardiac (myocardium) muscle mass. Cardiac muscle wasting may result from cardiac protein loss associated with increased oxygen consumption and energy expenditure, resulting in cardiac insufficiency. It is hypothesized that significant tissue inflammation and oxidative stress during cancer progression cause cardiac wasting-associated cardiomyopathy, such as a thinned ventricular wall, local tissue hypoxia and arrhythmias. This review provided available evidence of cancer-induced cardiac cachexia in human and non-human models by examining biomarkers and the contributing factors to the development and progression of cardiac cachexia. Investigation of the potential biomarkers affecting cardiac muscle wasting is essential for improving patient outcomes.
Role of BMI in the relationship between dietary inflammatory index and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an intermediary analysis

Abstract Objective Previous studies have indicated that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the role of BMI remains ambiguous. We aim to study the intermediary effect of BMI on the relationship between dietary inflammatory properties and NAFLD. Methods A total of 19536 adult participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) were included. Dietary inflammatory index (DII) was used to evaluate the dietary inflammatory properties and NAFLD was diagnosed by non-invasive biomarkers. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models estimated ORs and 95% CIs between DII and incidence of NAFLD. Interaction effect between DII and BMI on NAFLD was tested and the mediation analysis of BMI was performed. Results Higher DII scores, representing higher inflammatory potential of diet, were positively associated with a higher risk of NAFLD. Compared with the first quartile of DII, people from the second quartile (OR: 1.23 [95% CI: 1.04, 1.46]) to the fourth quartile (OR: 1.59 [95% CI: 1.31, 1.94]) have a higher risk of NAFLD before adjustment for BMI. The overall association was completely mediated by BMI (89.19%). Conclusions Our findings suggested that a higher pro-inflammatory potential diet was associated with a higher prevalence of NAFLD, and this association might be mediated by BMI.
Plasmodium Topoisomerase VIB and Spo11 Constitute Functional Type IIB Topoisomerase in Malaria Parasite: Its Possible Role in Mitochondrial DNA Segregation

This study demonstrates a likely role of topoisomerase VI in the mitochondrial genome segregation of Plasmodium falciparum during endoreduplication. We show that PfTopoVIB and PfSpo11 remain associated and form the functional holoenzyme within the parasite. ABSTRACT The human malaria parasite undergoes a noncanonical cell division, namely, endoreduplication, where several rounds of nuclear, mitochondrial, and apicoplast replication occur without cytoplasmic division. Despite its importance in Plasmodium biology, the topoisomerases essential for decatenation of replicated chromosome during endoreduplication remain elusive. We hypothesize that the topoisomerase VI complex, containing Plasmodium falciparum topiosomerase VIB (PfTopoVIB) and catalytic P. falciparum Spo11 (PfSpo11), might be involved in the segregation of the Plasmodium mitochondrial genome. Here, we demonstrate that the putative PfSpo11 is the functional ortholog of yeast Spo11 that can complement the sporulation defects of the yeast Δspo11 strain, and the catalytic mutant Pfspo11Y65F cannot complement such defects. PfTopoVIB and PfSpo11 display a distinct expression pattern compared to the other type II topoisomerases of Plasmodium and are induced specifically at the late schizont stage of the parasite, when the mitochondrial genome segregation occurs. Furthermore, PfTopoVIB and PfSpo11 are physically associated with each other at the late schizont stage, and both subunits are localized in the mitochondria. Using PfTopoVIB- and PfSpo11-specific antibodies, we immunoprecipitated the chromatin of tightly synchronous early, mid-, and late schizont stage-specific parasites and found that both the subunits are associated with the mitochondrial genome during the late schizont stage of the parasite. Furthermore, PfTopoVIB inhibitor radicicol and atovaquone show synergistic interaction. Accordingly, atovaquone-mediated disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential reduces the import and recruitment of both subunits of PfTopoVI to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in a dose-dependent manner. The structural differences between PfTopoVIB and human TopoVIB-like protein could be exploited for development of a novel antimalarial agent. IMPORTANCE This study demonstrates a likely role of topoisomerase VI in the mitochondrial genome segregation of Plasmodium falciparum during endoreduplication. We show that PfTopoVIB and PfSpo11 remain associated and form the functional holoenzyme within the parasite. The spatiotemporal expression of both subunits of PfTopoVI correlates well with their recruitment to the mitochondrial DNA at the late schizont stage of the parasite. Additionally, the synergistic interaction between PfTopoVI inhibitor and the disruptor of mitochondrial membrane potential, atovaquone, supports that topoisomerase VI is the mitochondrial topoisomerase of the malaria parasite. We propose that topoisomerase VI may act as a novel target against malaria.
Motion Adaptive Temporal-Spatial Noise Reduction Scheme with Separated Pre- and Post-Spatial Filter

A motion adaptive video noise reduction scheme is proposed by cascading a temporal filter and a spatial filter. After a noise-robust motion detection is performed with a pre-spatial filter, the strength of the motion adaptive temporal filter is controlled by the amount of temporal movement. In order to fully utilize the temporal correlation of video signal, noisy input image is processed first by the temporal filter, therefore, image details of temporally stationary region are quite well preserved while undesired noises are suppressed. In contrast to the pre-spatial filter used for the robust motion detection, the cascaded post-spatial filter removes the remained noises by considering the strength of the temporal filter and the spatial self-similarity search results obtained from the pre-spatial filter.