Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incremental (1 − ε ) -Approximate Dynamic Matching in O (poly(1 /ε )) Update Time

In the dynamic approximate maximum bipartite matching problem we are given bipartite graph G undergoing updates and our goal is to maintain a matching of G which is large compared the maximum matching size µ ( G ). We define a dynamic matching algorithm to be α (respectively ( α, β ))-approximate if it maintains matching M such that at all times | M | ≥ µ ( G ) · α (respectively | M | ≥ µ ( G ) · α − β ). We present the first deterministic (1 − ε )-approximate dynamic matching algorithm with O (poly( ε − 1 )) amortized update time for graphs undergoing edge insertions. Previous solutions either required super-constant [Gupta FSTTCS’14, Bhattacharya-Kiss-Saranurak SODA’23] or exponential in 1 /ε [Grandoni-Leonardi-Sankowski-Schwiegelshohn-Solomon SODA’19] update time. Our implementation is arguably simpler than the mentioned algorithms and its description is self contained. Moreover, we show that if we allow for additive (1 , ε · n )-approximation our algorithm seamlessly extends to also handle vertex deletions, on top of edge insertions. This makes our algorithm one of the few small update time algorithms for (1 − ε )-approximate dynamic matching allowing for updates both increasing and decreasing the maximum matching size of G in a fully dynamic manner. Our algorithm relies on the weighted variant of the celebrated Edge-Degree-Constrained-Subgraph (EDCS) datastructure introduced by [Bernstein-Stein ICALP’15]. As far as we are aware we introduce the first application of the weighted-EDCS for arbitrarily dense graphs. We also present a significantly simplified proof for the approximation ratio of weighed-EDCS as a matching sparsifier compared to [Bernstein-Stein], as well as simple descriptions of a fractional matching and fractional vertex cover defined on top of the EDCS. Considering the wide range of applications EDCS has found in settings such as streaming, sub-linear, stochastic and more we hope our techniques will be of independent research interest outside of the dynamic setting.
Soil wettability, runoff and erodibility of major dry‐Mediterranean land use types on calcareous soils

This study examines six land uses (pine woodland, long unburnt scrubland, recently burnt scrubland, orange grove, olive grove and cereal crop), typical for calcareous soils in a dry‐Mediterranean region such as eastern Spain, with regard to soil surface water repellency occurrence, hydrological response and erodibility. For each land use, we performed water drop penetration time (WDPT) tests and rainfall simulations respectively on in situ soils at ten replicate plots for extremely dry antecedent conditions in summer 2002 and for wet winter conditions, in early 2003 in the Canyoles river valley. In contrasts to what might have been expected, water repellency was absent or subcritical (WDPT < 5 s) under all land uses except pine, where slight repellency was found during summer (avg. WDPT 17 s). Higher levels of water repellency have been reported from some other Mediterranean type regions particularly after burning, and it appears that for some of the land uses examined here, the calcareous nature of the soils may restrict the development of water repellency. However, even the slight repellency observed under pine had a substantial effect on infiltration rates, generating more runoff on dry soil in summer than on moist soil in winter. Apart from water repellency, ground cover had a strong influence on soil hydrological response and was overall the most important factor influencing soil erodibility. The results suggest that, although the planting of pine woodland has been a favoured land management strategy in many parts of the Mediterranean basin, scrubland appears to be the more appropriate land cover type with regard to water use efficiency and soil conservation measures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A heat pipe mechanism for volcanism and tectonics on Venus

A heat pipe mechanism is proposed for the transport of heat through the lithosphere on Venus. This mechanism allows the crust and lithosphere on Venus to be greater than 150 km thick. A thick crust and thick lithosphere can explain the high observed topography and large associated gravity anomalies. For a 150-km-thick lithosphere the required volcanic flux on Venus is 200 km{sup 3}/yr; this is compared with a flux of 17 km{sup 3}/yr associated with the formation of the oceanic crust on Earth. A thick basaltic crust on Venus is expected to transform to eclogite at a depth of 60 to 80 km; the dense eclogite would contribute the lithospheric delamination that returns the crust to the interior of the planet completing the heat pipe cycle. Topography and the associated gravity anomalies can be explained by Airy compensation of the thick crust. The principal observation that is contrary to this hypothesis is the mean age of the surface that is inferred from crater statistics; the minimum mean age is about 130 Ma, and this implies an upper limit of 2 km{sup 3}/yr for the surface volcanic flux. If the heat pipe mechanism was applicable on Earth in the Archean, itmore » would provide the thick lithosphere implied by isotopic data from diamonds. « less
Short-period P- and S-wave radiation from large earthquakes: Implications for spectral scaling relations

Recent measurements of peak P-wave amplitudes on World Wide Standardized Seismographic Network short-period instruments by Houston and Kanamori (1986) provided the opportunity to investigate source radiation from great earthquakes at higher frequencies than have previously been available. The dependence on moment magnitude (M) of the amplitude measurements (A) and the dominant period (T) in the P-wave seismograms are compared to predictions from several source-scaling relations. For all of the relations, the radiated energy was assumed to be randomly distributed over a duration proportional to the inverse corner frequency. An w-square source-scaling relation with a constant stress parameter of 50 bars gives a good fit to both observed quantities (A and T) for earthquakes up to M 9.5. This model, with the same stress parameter, also fits peak acceleration and peak velocity data for earthquakes with moment magnitude as low as 0.5. Predictions using the source spectra derived by Gusev (1983), which are representative of several published relations featuring regions of reduced spectral decay after an initial ~-2 attenuation beyond the corner frequency, do not fit the various high-frequency observations quite as well as do those using the ~-square model, although the differences between the predicted motions are generally within a factor of 2 to 3. Although the w-square model successfully predicts a wide variety of time-domain measures over an extraordinary magnitude range, it fails to fit the Ms, M correlation for large earthquakes; Gusev's spectral scaling relation, on the other hand, fits this correlation, but was constrained in advance to do so. This failure of the w-square model is of little practical concern, occurring as it does at periods longer than those of usual engineering importance. An ~-cube model fails completely to explain the seismic moment dependence of the observations.
Do signal transduction cascades influence survival in triple-negative breast cancer? a preliminary study

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a rather aggressive form of breast cancer, comprised by early metastasis formation and reduced overall survival of the affected patients. Steroid hormone receptors and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 are not overexpressed, limiting therapeutic options. Therefore, new treatment options have to be investigated. The aim of our preliminary study was to detect coherences between some molecules of intracellular signal transduction pathways and survival of patients with TNBC, in order to obtain some hints for new therapeutical solutions. Methods: Thirty-one paraffin-embedded tumor tissue samples, which were determined to be negative for steroid hormone receptors as well as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, were immunohistochemically stained for a number of signal transduction molecules from several signaling pathways. β -Catenin, HIF1 α , MCL, Notch1, LRP6, XBP1, and FOXP3 were stained with specific antibodies, and their staining was correlated with patient survival by Kaplan–Meier analyses. Results: Only two of the investigated molecules have shown correlation with overall survival. Cytoplasmic staining of HIF1 α and centro-tumoral lymphocyte FOXP3 staining showed statistically significant correlations with survival. Conclusion: The coherence of signal transduction molecules with survival of patients with TNBC is still controversially discussed in the literature. Our study comprises one more mosaic stone in the elucidation of these intracellular processes and their influences on patient outcome. Lots of research still has to be done in this field, but it would be worthwhile as it may offer new therapeutic targets for a group of patients with breast cancer, which is still hard to treat.
Glacial Lake Victoria, a high‐level Antarctic Lake inferred from lacustrine deposits in Victoria Valley

We present evidence of a large lake (Glacial Lake Victoria) that existed in Victoria Valley in the dry valleys region of Antarctica between at least 20 000 and 8600 14C yr BP. At its highstands, Glacial Lake Victoria covered 100 km2 and was ca. 200 m deep. The chronology for lake‐level changes comes from 87 AMS radiocarbon dates of lacustrine algae preserved in deltas and glaciolacustrine deposits that extend up to 185 m above present‐day lakes on the valley floor. The existence of Glacial Lake Victoria, as well as other large lakes in the dry valleys, indicates a climate regime significantly different from that of today at the last glacial maximum and in the early Holocene. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating agricultural deep drainage lag times to groundwater: application to Antelope Valley, California, USA

Estimates of groundwater volumes available in semiarid regions that rely on water balance calculations require the determination of both surface to groundwater lag times and volumes from irrigation or rainfall initiated recharge. Subsurface geologic material hydraulic properties (e.g. hydraulic conductivities, water retention functions) necessary for unsaturated flow modelling are rarely available as are the instrumented field tests that might determine such lag times. Here we develop a simple two‐parameter (specific yield, Sy, and pore‐size distribution index, λ), one‐dimensional unsaturated flow model from simplifications of the Richards equation (using the Brooks‐Corey relationships) to determine lag times from agricultural deep drainage associated with the irrigation of alfalfa hay and various row crops in the Antelope Valley of California, USA. Model‐predicted lag times to depths of 85 m bgs (below ground surface) were similar to that measured in a 2‐year ponded recharge field trial, slightly overestimating that measured by approximately 15% (0.51 vs 0.44 years). Lag time estimates were most sensitive to estimated deep percolation rates and roughly equally sensitive to the model hydraulic parameters. Generally, as subsurface material textures coarsen towards larger Sy and λ values for all Sy >10%, lag times progressively increase; however, at Sy <10%, lag times decrease substantially suggesting that particular combinations of Sy and λ values that may be associated with similarly textured materials can result in the prediction of different lag times for Sy approximately 10%. Overall, lag times of 1–3 years to a depth of 69 m bgs were estimated from deep drainage of agricultural irrigation across a variety of irrigation schedules and subsurface materials. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stratospheric BrO profiles measured at different latitudes and seasons: Atmospheric observations

Stratospheric BrO profiles were measured at different latitudes and in different seasons in 1996/97 during three flights of the LPMA/DOAS balloon gondola (LPMA/Laboratoire Physique Moléculaire et Application and DOAS/Differential Optical Absorption Spectrometry). Using direct sunlight DOAS spectrometry the following BrO mixing ratios were measured; (1) 9 to 14 ppt in the height range from 20 to 30 km (at solar zenith angles, SZA < 88°) during ascent, (2) about (14±2) ppt for altitudes above the balloon float altitude at 30.6 km, 30.0 km, and 39.8 km, and (3) 5 to 10 ppt in the 20–30 km region during sunset. The lower BrO concentrations during sunset than those observed prior at daytime indicate a conversion of BrO into nighttime reservoir species (BrONO2, HOBr, and BrCl). The overall agreement of our UV spectroscopic BrO profiles with recent measurements using the chemical conversion/resonance fluorescence technique is good. Our BrO profiles are also in reasonable agreement with the present stratospheric Bry burden and chemistry. Conversily collocated ground‐based and satellite column measurements, however, show significantly more total atmospheric BrO (50–100%) than the integrated stratospheric BrO balloon profiles can account for. This indicates a global tropospheric BrO background, estimated at 1–2 ppt.
LA GOUVERNANCE MUTUALISTE COMME LEVIER DE CONTROLE

The knowledge governance studies the way the administrators can limit the actions of the leaders otherwise than by disciplinary mechanisms. The study of the strategic process is a means to analyze more finely these mechanisms. The results indicate that the elected representatives participate actively in the definition of the strategy of their territory and it through several complementary control levers. Diagnostic and interactive levers are pointed out.
The social impacts of heat waves.

The effects of the 2003 European heat wave have highlighted the need for society to prepare itself for and cope more effectively with heat waves. This is particularly important in the context of predicted climate change and the likelihood of more frequent extreme climate events; to date, heat as a natural hazard has been largely ignored. In order to develop better coping strategies, this report explores the factors that shape the social impacts of heat waves, and sets out a programme of research to address the considerable knowledge gaps in this area. Heat waves, or periods of anomalous warmth, do not affect everyone; it is the vulnerable individuals or sectors of society who will most experience their effects. The main factors of vulnerability are being elderly, living alone, having a pre-existing disease, being immobile or suffering from mental illness and being economically disadvantaged. The synergistic effects of such factors may prove fatal for some. Heat waves have discernible impacts on society including a rise in mortality, an increased strain on infrastructure (power, water and transport) and a possible rise in social disturbance. Wider impacts may include effects on the retail industry, ecosystem services and tourism. Adapting to more frequent heat waves should include soft engineering options and, where possible, avoid the widespread use of air conditioning which could prove unsustainable in energy terms. Strategies for coping with heat include changing the way in which urban areas are developed or re-developed, and setting up heat watch warning systems based around weather and seasonal climate forecasting and intervention strategies. Although heat waves have discernible effects on society, much remains unknown about their wider social impacts, diffuse health issues and how to manage them.
Examining the Feasibility of Identifying Tau Neutrino Charged Current Events in the DUNE Far Detector

EXAMINING THE FEASIBILITY OF IDENTIFYING TAU NEUTRINO CHARGED CURRENT EVENTS IN THE DUNE FAR DETECTOR Sarah Choate, M.S. Department of Physics Northern Illinois University, 2023 Michael Eads, PhD, Director Neutrinos began as theoretical, massless particles, and since their first detection they have continued to be the subject of various experiments. One such experiment is DUNE, which is a long baseline neutrino experiment with the goal of studying neutrino properties, such as neutrino oscillation parameters. In this work, two projects were completed, one dealing with the hardware of DUNE and the other dealing with neutrino simulations. For the hardware project, we designed a quality control method for testing adaptor boards which make up part of the Far Detector circuit boards. This method was completed and prototyped, however was not implemented as planned due to funding changes. For the simulation project, we simulated ντ , νμ, and νe CC interactions using two simulation methods (stand alone GENIE and a full detector simulation) in order to begin to understand what a ντ CC event would look like in the Far Detector and create an initial list of kinematic properties that can be used for this purpose. We found that there is not a complete understanding of what is occurring in the full detector simulation. We also found that there is promise in using kinematic properties to be able to differentiate ντ CC events, however properties beyond those covered here, as well as a more accurate simulation, will be required for any definitive statistical statements. NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY DE KALB, ILLINOIS
Aalborg Universitet Decentralized Method for Load Sharing and Power Management in a Hybrid Single/Three-Phase-Islanded Microgrid Consisting of Hybrid Source PV/Battery Units Karimi,

This paper proposes a new decentralized power management and load sharing method for a photovoltaic based, hybrid single/three-phase islanded microgrid consisting of various PV units, battery units and hybrid PV/battery units. The proposed method is not limited to the systems with separate PV and battery units, and power flow among different phases is performed automatically through three-phase units. The proposed method takes into account the available PV power and battery conditions of the units to share the load among them. To cover all possible conditions of the microgrid, the operation of each unit is divided into five states in single-phase units and seven states in three-phase units and modified active powerfrequency droop functions are used according to operating states. The frequency level is used as trigger for switching between the states. Efficacy of the proposed method in different load, PV generation and battery conditions is validated experimentally in a microgrid lab prototype consisted of one three-phase unit and two single-phase units.
Teleseismic delay times in a 3-D Earth and a new look at the S discrepancy

SUMMARY When the earliest measurements of the Earth's normal modes became available, it was soon noticed that V, models satisfying this new data set were generally slower than models based on S traveltimes. This S discrepancy has since then been attributed to the influence of dispersion that accompanies attenuation, but it ignores a competing process that may have the same effect: in a heterogeneous earth, seismic rays will bend to take advantage of local high-velocity anomalies. This effect is difficult to quantify because of the computational problems associated with the determination of minimum traveltime paths in heterogeneous earth models in three dimensions. We have developed a new method to find absolute minimum traveltimes even in very complicated earth models and applied this to a large number of rays generated in different random earth models. The S discrepancy is a function of correlation length and amplitude of V, heterogeneity. A standard deviation u of 0.15 km sC', with a correlation length of 200 km in the whole mantle, would give a discrepancy even larger than observed at A > 60" and must be discarded. A u of 0.15 km s-' in the upper mantle and 0.05 km s-' elsewhere explains a discrepancy of 1-2 s, depending on the correlation length. Since the total discrepancy is estimated to be about 4 s, this still allows for effects of attenuation. We conclude that the S-wave discrepancy can be used to set limits to the heterogeneity in the lower mantle at short correlation lengths. With our present-day knowledge of the magnitude of the discrepancy a heterogeneity larger than 1 per cent with correlation length 200 km is unlikely.
A benchtop dark-root device built with LEGO ® bricks enables a 1 non-invasive plant root development analysis in soil 2 conditions mirroring nature

Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MoSys), 6 University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria 7 Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities (VBCF), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria 8 Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Faculty of Biology, Plant Evolutionary Cell 9 Biology, Grosshaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg 10 Equally contributed, alphabetically ordered 11 * Correspondence: 12 Verena Ibl 13 verena.ibl@univie.ac. at 14 Twitter: @VerenaIbl 15 16
Knowledge-Driven Online Multimodal Automated Phenotyping System

Though electronic health record (EHR) systems are a rich repository of clinical information with large potential, the use of EHR-based phenotyping algorithms is often hindered by inaccurate diagnostic records, the presence of many irrelevant features, and the requirement for a human-labeled training set. In this paper, we describe a knowledge-driven online multimodal automated phenotyping (KOMAP) system that i) generates a list of informative features by an online narrative and codified feature search engine (ONCE) and ii) enables the training of a multimodal phenotyping algorithm based on summary data. Powered by composite knowledge from multiple EHR sources, online article corpora, and a large language model, features selected by ONCE show high concordance with the state-of-the-art AI models (GPT4 and ChatGPT) and encourage large-scale phenotyping by providing a smaller but highly relevant feature set. Validation of the KOMAP system across four healthcare centers suggests that it can generate efficient phenotyping algorithms with robust performance. Compared to other methods requiring patient-level inputs and gold-standard labels, the fully online KOMAP provides a significant opportunity to enable multi-center collaboration.
A model-driven machine learning approach for personalized kidney graft risk prediction

Graft failure after renal transplantation is a multifactorial process. Predicting the risk of graft failure accurately is imperative since such knowledge allows for identifying patients at risk and treatment personalization. In this study, we were interested in predicting the temporal evolution of graft function (expressed as estimated glomerular filtration rate; eGFR) based on pre-transplant data and early post-operative graft function. Toward this aim, we developed a tailored approach that combines a dynamic GFR mathematical model and machine learning while taking into account the corresponding parameter uncertainty. A cohort of 892 patients was used to train the algorithm and a cohort of 847 patients for validation. Our analysis indicates that an eGFR threshold exists that allows for classifying high-risk patients. Using minimal inputs, our approach predicted the graft outcome with an accuracy greater than 80% for the first and second years after kidney transplantation and risk predictions were robust over time.