Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Post-operative antibiotics for cutaneous abscess after incision and drainage: Variations in clinical practice

Background. Acute cutaneous abscess is a common surgical condition that mostly requires incision and drainage. Despite this, there is no standardized national or international guidance on post-operative antibiotics prescription. Traditionally, antibiotics are not indicated unless complications and/or risk factors such as immunocompromisation, diabetes or cellulitis exist. We aimed to study the local practice for post-operative antibiotics prescription for cutaneous abscesses in a UK university teaching hospital. Methods. Retrospective data collection for emergency general surgical admissions for a period of 6 months was carried out. All patients with cutaneous abscesses were included in this analysis. Scrotal, breast and limb abscesses were excluded. Patients’ demographics, co-morbidities and complications, including local (cellulitis, necrosis) and systemic (e.g sepsis), were studied. Approval for access to patient data was granted by the local clinical governance department prior to the commencement of this study. Computations were performed using IBM SPSS version 26. Chi square (X 2), Pearson correlation (r), one or two samples t-test (one or two tailed) were applied. Results. A total of 148 patients were included. The mean age was 40 years (55 % males). The most common site of abscess was perianal (27.7 %), followed by pilonidal (20.3 %) and axilla (16.9 %). A total of 107 (73 %) were managed surgically with incision and drainage, and of these 92 (86 %) were managed within 24 h. Altogether, 83 (76 %) were prescribed post-operative antibiotics, while only 25 (23 %) had indications. The most used post-operative empirical antibiotics was co-amoxiclav (59 %). There was a significant relationship between ‘abscess site’ × ‘antibiotics’ [X 2 (36)=54.8, P=0.023]. A total of 103 patients’ average duration of post-operative antibiotics was 7.2 (sd 2.9) days. Ten patients subject to readmission spent an average of 8.4 (sd 3.8) days on antibiotics. Conclusions. There were variations in clinical practice regarding post-operative antibiotic prescription for cutaneous abscesses. Research is required in the future in cooperation with microbiologists to develop a standardized evidence-based treatment protocol for the management of such a common surgical condition.
Einstein gravity on an even-codimension brane.

We give the equations of motion for a self-gravitating Dirac p-brane embedded in an even codimension spacetime. The dynamics of the bulk are dictated by Lovelock gravity and permit matching conditions, even when the codimension is strictly greater than 2. We show that the equations of motion involve both induced Lovelock densities on the brane and regular extrinsic curvature terms. The brane dynamics can be derived from an exact (p+1)-dimensional induced action. The Dirac charge is carried by an overall (solid) angle defect which sets the Planck scale on the brane. In particular, if the codimension is greater than the world-volume dimension of the p-brane, we show that the extrinsic curvature terms cancel, leaving an exact induced Lovelock theory. For example, a 3-brane embedded in 8 or 10 dimensions obeys Einstein's equations with a cosmological constant.
The influence of the fit between strategic human resource management and CEO strategic leadership behaviours on organizational effectiveness in China

ABSTRACT Strategic human resource management and strategic leadership are both important factors affecting organizational effectiveness. However, few studies have organically integrated their influences on organizational outcomes. Drawing on social information process theory, this study proposed a variety of relationships between high performance work system (HPWS) and CEO relationship-focused leadership behaviours on organizational outcomes including firm performance, organizational-level affective commitment and employee overall turnover rate (e.g. strengthening effect, weakening effect, and substitution effect). Based on a matched data from vice presidents, human resource managers and employees in 182 Chinese firms, this study found the above three relationships between HPWS and CEO relationship-focused leadership behaviours on organizational outcomes. Specifically, when HPWS and CEO relationship-focused leadership behaviours were both high, firm performance and organizational-level affective commitment were higher, and employee overall turnover rate was lower; the effects of HPWS on organizational outcomes would not be significant when CEO relationship-focused leadership behaviours was low; when HPWS was low but CEO relationship-focused leadership behaviours was high, employee overall turnover rate was highest. This study contributed to the understanding of the relationship between ‘system’ and ‘renqing’ in the context of Chinese enterprises, integrated the research on strategic leadership and strategic human resource management, and had important inferences for management practice.
Local convertibility and edge states in quantum many body systems

Certain entanglement (Renyi) entropies of the ground state of an extended system can increase even as one moves away from quantum states with long range correlations. In this work we demonstrate that such a phenomenon, known as non-local convertibility, is due to the edge state (de)construction occurring in the system. To this end, we employ the example of the ground state of the "2-SAT"/Ising model, displaying an order-disorder quantum phase transition. We consider both the thermal ground state, enjoying the same symmetry of the Hamiltonian, and the ferromagnetic ground state with a non vanishing local order parameter. Employing both analytical and numerical methods, we compute entanglement entropies for various system's bipartitions (A|B). We find that the ground states enjoying the Hamiltonian symmetries show non-local convertibility if either A or B are smaller than, or of the order of, the correlation length. A ferromagnetic ground state, instead, is always locally convertible. Our interpretation in terms of the edge states behavior explains all these results and could disclose a paradigm to study the local convertibility protocol in both topologically ordered and topologically trivial quantum phases, in a unified way and provides a clear characterization of which features a universal quantum simulator should possess to outperform a classical machine.
SNPP and N20 VIIRS thermal emissive bands calibration comparison using the GEO-LEO double difference method

The VIIRS instruments onboard the SNPP and NOAA-20 satellites have identical spatial resolutions and the same spectral bands. Similar prelaunch tests and identical on-orbit calibration algorithms established the foundation for their consistent Earth measurements. Calibration assessment and consistency comparisons are useful to maintain their performance and measurement accuracy. Simultaneous nadir overpasses (SNO) between two satellites are commonly used for a direct calibration comparison between sensors. However, there are no SNO between SNPP and NOAA20. Hence, a reference sensor or Earth measurements are normally used to bridge the comparison. As a reference, we focus on the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) onboard the GOES-R series spacecraft and its application to the SNPP and NOAA-20 VIIRS comparison. GOES16 and GOES17 are the first two satellites of the GOES-R series and were launched on November 19, 2016 and March 12, 2018, respectively. Their operational positions are on the equator with longitudes of 75.2° West over land and 137.2° West over ocean, respectively. The ABI is the primary imaging instrument of these spacecrafts for the Earth’s weather, oceans, and environment, with observations (every 10 minutes) that provide vast data for GEO- Low Earth orbit (LEO) and LEO-LEO comparisons utilizing it as an intermediate reference sensor. VIIRS and ABI have spectrally matched bands and can have simultaneous measurements over any selected site every day. The simultaneous measurements over the same site also have various scan angles. These features provide advantages for a VIIRS-to-ABI comparison. The spectral response function difference between instruments, sites selected, and view angles will have effects on the instrument measurements. Their impacts on the calibration comparison, including the use of double differences, will be discussed. By collecting VIIRS measurements over a large range of view angles, the view angle effect will also be investigated. The collection of an ample amount of data provides an advantage for statistical analyses and potential big data applications to sensor calibration assessments. This method can also be applied to other sensor calibration comparison and performance assessments, such as GOES16 and GOES17 ABI, and Terra and Aqua MODIS.
A Cosmic Zevatron Based on Cyclotron Auto-resonance

A Zevatron is an accelerator scheme envisaged to accelerate particles to ZeV energies (1 ZeV = 1021 eV). Schemes, most notably the internal shock model, have been proposed to explain the acceleration of ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray particles that have been sporadically detected reaching Earth since 1962. Here, the cyclotron auto-resonance acceleration (CARA) mechanism is tailored and used to demonstrate the possible acceleration of particles ejected as a result of violent astrophysical processes such as the merger of a binary system or a supernova explosion. Such events result in emission of highly energetic particles and ultra-intense beamed radiation. In the simultaneous presence of a super-strong magnetic field, the condition for cyclotron auto-resonance may be met. Thus CARA can act like a booster for particles pre-accelerated inside their progenitor by shock waves, possibly among other means. As examples, it is shown that nuclei of hydrogen, helium, and iron-56, may reach ZeV energies by CARA, under which conditions the particles, while gyrating around the lines of an ultra-strong magnetic field, also surf on the waves of a super-intense radiation field. When radiation-reaction is taken into account, it is shown that the ZeV energy gained by a particle can fall off by less than an order of -magnitude if the resonance condition is missed by roughly less than 20%.
The effect of supplementing native rumen microbes on milk production of dairy cows

Graphical Abstract Summary: Direct-fed microbials (DFM) have been fed to dairy cows to improve milk production and efficiency. Direct-fed microbials commonly contain microorganisms that are not native to cows. We evaluated the effects of 2 DFM containing native rumen microorganisms on milk production of dairy cows. The supplements did not alter yield of total milk, protein, or fat, but decreased SCC and BW gain, and tended to decrease feed intake and increase energy-corrected milk/dry matter intake. Overall, native DFM treatment had little effect in this study.
A Deep Learning Model System for Diagnosis and Management of Adnexal Masses

Simple Summary This was a multicenter study on the development of a deep learning (DL) model system to diagnose adnexal masses on ultrasound images. There were three innovation points. First, the DL system contained five models: a detector, a mass segmentor, a papillary segmentor, a type classifier, and a pathological subtype classifier. Therefore, the system could finish the entire diagnosis process for adnexal masses on ultrasound images. Second, the DL system could discriminate borderline tumors from benign and malignant tumors with the assistance of annotations for papillary projections (which is a significant morphological feature of borderline tumors). Third, the benign tumors were classified into five pathological subtypes with different risks of clinical complication and accurate disease. Abstract Appropriate clinical management of adnexal masses requires a detailed diagnosis. We retrospectively collected ultrasound images of 1559 cases from the first Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital and developed a fully automatic deep learning (DL) model system to diagnose adnexal masses. The DL system contained five models: a detector, a mass segmentor, a papillary segmentor, a type classifier, and a pathological subtype classifier. To test the DL system, 462 cases from another two hospitals were recruited. The DL system identified benign, borderline, and malignant tumors with macro-F1 scores that varied from 0.684 to 0.791, a benefit to preventing both delayed and overextensive treatment. The macro-F1 scores of the pathological subtype classifier to categorize the benign masses varied from 0.714 to 0.831. The detailed classification can inform clinicians of the corresponding complications of each pathological subtype of benign tumors. The distinguishment between borderline and malignant tumors and inflammation from other subtypes of benign tumors need further study. The accuracy and sensitivity of the DL system were comparable to that of the expert and intermediate sonographers and exceeded that of the junior sonographer.
The contributions of hypoxia to poor outcomes in pancreatic cancer

Transl Cancer Res 2022 | https://dx.doi. org/10.21037/tcr-22-2167 Cells need oxygen to efficiently synthesize energy carriers through the electron transport chain. In the absence of oxygen, this occurs much less efficiently and is not preferred in normal cells. In fact, a lack of oxygen (hypoxia) is a danger to most tissue types, and cells are endowed with robust response mechanisms to cope with this austerity. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1α) is central in the signaling cascade that senses hypoxia and mounts the appropriate responses (1). HIF1α levels and activity are post-translationally rather than transcriptionally regulated: in the presence of oxygen, HIF1α levels are kept low by ubiquitylation and subsequent degradation. In the absence of oxygen, this degradation is prevented and HIF1α accumulates. Together with its beta subunit, the transcription of target genes is then initiated. These genes are involved in for instance angiogenesis [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (2)], and tissue homeostasis [Sonic Hedgehog (3,4)]. Tumor cells utilize metabolic routes not favored by normal cells (5). For instance, cancer cells have long been known to rely on glycolysis even when sufficient oxygen is available, and may use nutrients that are not likely sources for non-malignant cells (6). As a consequence of this flexibility, cancer cells are much less hindered by hypoxia than healthy cells are. Instead, hypoxia in cancer tissue is typically associated with highly unfavorable tumor biology and clinical outcome (7). It appears that the HIF1α-driven gene expression programs that function to salvage normal tissue, endow cancer cells with increased malignant properties. In fact, some tumors may even overexpress HIF1α under normoxic conditions to initiate the transcription of genes that support their proliferative, invasive and therapy resistant capacities (8). One cancer type in which metabolic flexibility is particularly high and thought to contribute to poor outcome is the most common form of pancreatic cancer; pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) (9). These cancers are characterized by an abundance of nontumor cells and extracellular material together known as stroma (10). The mechanical properties of the dense stroma hamper perfusion which limits the penetrance of for instance chemotherapeutics, but also nutrients such as oxygen. In addition, mechanisms that drive HIF1α accumulation and transcriptional activity in cases (or tumor regions) in which oxygen is sufficiently present may also be at play. Given the extremely poor prognosis of PDAC, and frequent occurrence of HIF1α expression in this disease, the contributions of hypoxia to poor outcome are of large (pre) clinical interest (7). In the study by Zoa et al. published in this issue of TCR, the contributions of HIF1α expression to outcome in PDAC are reported (11). The authors performed a systematic search for publications that report HIF1α expression (by immunohistochemistry) and clinical data, Editorial
PRG3 and PRG5 C-Termini: Important Players in Early Neuronal Differentiation

The functional importance of neuronal differentiation of the transmembrane proteins’ plasticity-related genes 3 (PRG3) and 5 (PRG5) has been shown. Although their sequence is closely related, they promote different morphological changes in neurons. PRG3 was shown to promote neuritogenesis in primary neurons; PRG5 contributes to spine induction in immature neurons and the regulation of spine density and morphology in mature neurons. Both exhibit intracellularly located C-termini of less than 50 amino acids. Varying C-termini suggested that these domains shape neuronal morphology differently. We generated mutant EGFP-fusion proteins in which the C-termini were either swapped between PRG3 and PRG5, deleted, or fused to another family member, plasticity-related gene 4 (PRG4), that was recently shown to be expressed in different brain regions. We subsequently analyzed the influence of overexpression in immature neurons. Our results point to a critical role of the PRG3 and PRG5 C-termini in shaping early neuronal morphology. However, the results suggest that the C-terminus alone might not be sufficient for promoting the morphological effects induced by PRG3 and PRG5.
Indirect Dark Matter Searches with VERITAS

A leading candidate for astrophysical dark matter (DM) is a massive particle with a mass in the range from 50 GeV to greater than 10 TeV and an interaction cross section on the weak scale. The self-annihilation of such particles in astrophysical regions of high DM density can generate stable secondary particles including very high energy gamma-rays with energies up to the DM particle mass. Dwarf spheroidal galaxies of the Local Group are attractive targets to search for the annihilation signature of DM due to their proximity and large DM content. We report on gamma-ray observations taken with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) of several dwarf galaxy targets as well as the globular cluster M5 and the local group galaxies M32 and M33. We discuss the implications of these measurements for the parameter space of DM particle models.
XMM-Newton observations of the hot-gas atmospheres of 3C 66B and 3C 449

We present new XMM-Newton observations of the hot-gas environments of two lowpower twin-jet radio galaxies, 3C 66B and 3C 449, showing direct evidence for the interactions between X-ray-emitting gas and radio plasma that are thought to determine the largescale radio structure of these sources. The temperatures th at we measure for the two environments are significantly higher than those predicted by st andard luminosity-temperature relations for clusters and groups. We show that luminosity-temperature relations for radioquiet and radio-loud X-ray groups differ, in the sense that r adio-source heating may operate in most groups containing radio galaxies. If the radio lobes are expanding subsonically, we find minimum ages of 3× 10 8 years for 3C 66B, and 5× 10 8 years for 3C 449, older than the values obtained from spectral ageing, which would give the radio source sufficient time to heat the groups to the observed temperatures for plausible values of the jet power. The external pressures in the atmospheres of both radio galaxies are an order of magnitude higher than equipartition estimates of their radio-lobe pressures, co nfirming that the radio lobes are either out of equipartition or require a pressure contribution fro m non-radiating particles. Constraints from the level of X-ray emission we measure from the radio lobes allow us to conclude that a departure from equipartition must be in the direction of magnetic domination, and that the most plausible candidates for a particle contribution to lo be pressure are relativistic protons, an additional population of low-energy electrons, or entrained and heated thermal material.
Time double-slit interferences in strong-field tunneling ionization

Oscillations in the electron emission spectrum of atoms ionized by few-cycle laser pulses were recently identified as a time double-slit interference [F. Lindner et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 040401 (2005)]. We extend this analysis to three-dimensional momentum images. We show that different portions of the wave packet released at different times interfere, forming interference fringes in the momentum distributions. The complex interference pattern observable in momentum space maps out information on the scattering potential.
DYNAMICAL EVIDENCE FOR A MAGNETOCENTRIFUGAL WIND FROM A 20 M☉ BINARY YOUNG STELLAR OBJECT

In Orion BN/KL, proper motions of λ7 mm vibrationally excited SiO masers trace the rotation of a nearly edge-on disk and a bipolar wide-angle outflow 10–100 AU from radio source I, a binary young stellar object of ∼20 M☉. Here we map ground-state λ7 mm SiO emission with the Very Large Array and track proper motions over 9 yr. The innermost and strongest emission lies in two extended arcs bracketing Source I. The proper motions trace a northeast–southwest bipolar outflow 100–1000 AU from Source I with a median three-dimensional motion of ∼18 km s−1. An overlying distribution of λ1. 3 cm H2O masers betrays similar flow characteristics. Gas dynamics and emission morphology traced by the masers suggest the presence of a magnetocentrifugal disk wind. Reinforcing evidence lies in the colinearity of the flow, apparent rotation across the flow parallel to the disk rotation, and recollimation that narrows the flow opening angle ∼120 AU downstream. The arcs of ground-state SiO emission may mark the transition point to a shocked super-Alfvénic outflow.
How the electron-phonon coupling mechanism work in metal superconductor

Superconductivity in some metals at low temperature is known to arise from an electron-phonon coupling mechanism. Such the mechanism enables an effective attraction to bind two mobile electrons together, and even form a kind of pairing system(called Cooper pair) to be physically responsible for superconductivity. But, is it possible by an analogy with the electrodynamics to describe the electron-phonon coupling as a resistivity-dependent attraction? Actually so, it will help us to explore a more operational quantum model for the formation of Cooper pair. In particularly, by the calculation of quantum state of Cooper pair, the explored model can provide a more explicit explanation for the fundamental properties of metal superconductor, and answer: 1) How the transition temperature of metal superconductor is determined? 2) Which metals can realize the superconducting transition at low temperature?
Entanglement dynamics and Mollow nonuplets between two coupled quantum dots in a nanowire photonic-crystal system

We introduce a nanowire-based photonic-crystal waveguide system capable of controllably mediating the photon coupling between two quantum dots which are macroscopically separated. Using a rigorous Green-function-based master equation approach, our two-dot system is shown to provide a wide range of interesting quantum transport regimes. In particular, we demonstrate the formation of long-lived entangled states and study the resonance fluorescence spectrum which contains clear signatures of the coupled quantum dot pair. Depending upon the operating frequency, one can obtain a modified Mollow triplet spectrum or a Mollow nonuplet, namely, a spectrum with nine spectral peaks. These multiple peaks are explained in the context of photon-exchange-mediated dressed states. Results are robust with respect to scattering loss, and spatial filtering via propagation allows for each quantum dot's emission to be observed individually.