Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Seismic Anisotropy Observations Reveals Plausible Lowermost Mantle Flow Directions Beneath Siberia

Observations of seismic anisotropy just above the core‐mantle boundary are a powerful way to understand the dynamics of the lowermost mantle. Here we present models of seismic anisotropy in the lowermost mantle beneath Siberia based on new and previously published body wave observations. We compile a set of measurements based on a variety of data types, including the differential splitting of SK(K)S‐PKS and S‐ScS phases and polarities of PdP and SdS reflections off the D″ discontinuity. We carry out ray theoretical forward modeling of these data sets in combination, using a novel approach that allows for tighter constraints on the geometry of seismic anisotropy than would be possible using a single data type. Observations for each seismic phase alone only provide limited information; by combining different data types into one modeling approach, we can constrain D″ seismic anisotropy more tightly. We test a range of plausible mechanisms for seismic anisotropy, including a variety of candidate minerals (bridgmanite, post‐perovskite, and ferropericlase), dominant slip systems, and orientations, and consider both single‐crystal elasticity and elastic tensors based on polycrystalline texture modeling. In general, we find that post‐perovskite (with either a [100](010) or [100](001) dominant slip system) or bridgmanite models provide the best fit to the observations. The best‐fitting models suggest a dominant shear direction to the southwest or northeast direction at the base of the mantle. This is consistent with flow directed toward the Perm anomaly, potentially driven by slab remnants impinging on the core‐mantle boundary.
Magnetohydrodynamic Impact on Carreau Thin Film Couple Stress Nanofluid Flow over an Unsteady Stretching Sheet

A mathematical model of time-dependent thin-film flow of Carreau liquid over a stretching surface is studied in this investigation in the presence of couple stress and uniform magnetic field. To explain the properties of heat and mass transport phenomena, the influence of both thermophoresis and Brownian motion variables is used. For the conversion of the model framework (momentum, heat, and concentration expression with boundary conditions) into a set of ordinary differential equations, the appropriate transformation technique is followed. By using analytical tool, HomotopyAnalysis Method (HAM), the transformed model expressions are solved. For different estimations of the affected physical factors, the numerical results involving skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, fluid velocity profile, thermal profile, and concentration profile are displayed graphically. Besides, the findings for skin-friction coefficient, Nu x , and ϕ η are given in the table format. In raising the fluid temperature, the effect of thermophoresis and magnetic parameters is beneficial. With the Brownian motion and Schmidt number, the solute concentration is found to reduce.
Report on Collimator Damaged Event in SuperKEKB

Collimator jaws for SuperKEKB were installed to suppress the background noise (BG) in a particle detector complex named Belle II. The collimators could reduce the BG when the collimator was closed [1]. However, in high-current (>500 mA) operations, the jaws become occasionally damaged by hitting abnormal beams. This problem occurs with a low frequency of once in a commissioning period (2–6 months), but has significant consequences, because high voltage cannot be applied on to the detectors in Belle II sometimes due to high BG. The cause of, which occurred this event, has not been clearly identified yet.
Zero-voltage and zero-current-switching full bridge PWM converter for high power applications

A novel zero-voltage and zero-current-switching (ZVZCS) full bridge (FB) PWM converter is proposed. The new converter overcomes the limitations of the ZVS-FB-PWM converter such as high circulating energy, severe parasitic ringing on the rectifier diodes, and limited ZVS load range for lagging leg switches. By utilizing the DC blocking capacitor and adding a saturable inductor, the primary current during the freewheeling period is reduced to zero, allowing the lagging leg switches to be operated with ZCS. Meanwhile, the leading leg switches are still operated with ZVS. The new converter is attractive for high voltage, high power applications where IGBTs are predominantly used as the power switches. The principle of operation, and DC characteristics of the new converter are analyzed and verified on a 2 kW, 83 KHz experimental circuit. <<ETX>>
Assessment of Bronchodilator Response in Children with Asthma Exacerbation Using the Respiratory Resistance Values

Sixty-four pediatric patients with asthma exacerbation were studied. The children were subjected to respiratory resistance evaluation using the Airflow Perturbation Device (APD) and spirometry evaluation. They were then administered albuterol and 15 minutes later the APD and spirometry evaluations were repeated. Eleven of the children could not perform spirometry. The APD results demonstrated that respiratory resistance of the patients decreased by about 20%, indicating that the APD could detect the expected response to bronchodilator. However, no similar conclusion could be made with the spirometry parameters (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25% - 75%) performed on the same patients. The differences on the spirometry parameters did not change significantly before and after bronchodilator administration. Furthermore, these differences were negligibly increased or decreased for some with no consistency between the FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25% - 75%. Even though all the children were clinically improved after albuterol administration and discharged home, this could not be demonstrated by spirometry data. This study validates previous reports that spirometry is not a reliable pulmonary diagnostic tool for young children, as spirometry is highly effort-dependent and requires a substantial degree of patient cooperation. APD on the other hand is a reliable, simple, effortless diagnostic tool that can be utilized in evaluation and management of children with asthma symptoms and exacerbation.
A Study On The Criteria Of Multiaxial Fatigue ForAluminium Structures

In the study of welded structures of a 6000-type aluminium alloy, equivalent structures (simulated HAZ) are tested in fatigue under in-phase, out-of-phase biaxial loads in the High Cycle Fatigue regime. Several existing multiaxial fatigue criteria (Dang Van, K.; Findley; Matake; McDiarmid) are evaluated under Castem2000. The results of all simulations are compared one to another and to the test data. Some criteria (Dang Van, K. & McDiarmid) are found to be somewhat conservative. Moreover, the comparison of the critical plan or direction of simulations is compared to test results. The criterion of McDiarmid is found to work the best for in-phase loads, but the worst for out-of-phase. While the criteria of Findley and Matake are found to give life predictions not precise enough, the proportion between test results and life assessments can sometime be larger than 10. The criterion of Dang Van always gives conservative life assessments.
Difference in ergosterol concentrations extracted from demethylation inhibitor resistant and susceptible strains of Monilinia fructicola: understanding the ‘Mona’ element

Monilinia fructicola causes diseases on Prunus persica, peaches and nectarines, and is an economic concern in the South Eastern United States. This experiment was designed to try and understand the mechanisms that allow M. fructicola to be resistant to Demethylation Inhibitor (DMI) fungicides, which is an interest among agronomists. Isolates of M. fructicola were analyzed with High Performance Liquid Chromatography to measure differences in ergosterol concentration between selected groups of isolates. This was done to determine if M. fructicola is using an alternate sterol other than ergosterol as the final end product of the sterol biosynthesis pathway, or is using a different enzyme other than 14-a demethylase, to synthesize ergosterol. This experiment showed differences in ergosterol concentration between the groups of isolates that were analyzed. The three groups analyzed in this study included isolates without the ‘Mona’ element while susceptible to DMI fungicides, isolates with the ‘Mona’ element and resistant to DMI fungicides, isolates with the ‘Mona’ element while susceptible to DMI fungicides. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the three groups of isolates, which suggesting that M. fructicola uses a different enzyme, other than 4-a demethylase, to synthesize ergosterol
Online Learning in the Time of Crisis: A Study of EFL Students’ Attitudes

Abstract This article discussed the importance of utilizing online learning during times of crises with special emphasis on the situation in Libya. In spite of the dangerous current situation i.e., the wide spread of a deadly Corona Virus, educational institutions (schools, universities, and academies) in Libya are still based on traditional procedures of learning, i.e., they adopt the traditional way of face-to-face classes and meetings. Although there have been some attempts of using blended learning, still most of the institutions are stuck with old methods. The current situation in the country since the beginning of the unrest in 2011 and recently with the emergence of a sudden outbreak of a deadly disease called Covid-19 caused by a Corona Virus shook the entire country and called for an urgent intervention. However, because of the fragile situation and the decrepit infrastructure in Libya, challenges to the education system are huge. This article highlighted the perceptions of a group of postgraduate students of English on online learning and also included the Advantages, Disadvantages, Opportunities, and Barriers (ADOB) analysis of e-learning modes in the time of crisis. The findings revealed that access to online learning in Libya was hindered by many challenges, and consequently students perceived online learning as inefficient. The paper also provided some suggestions for academic institutions of how to deal with challenges associated with online learning.
Active polymers for space applications

Membrane/inflatable structures for space applications holds great promise. Their reduced launch mass and stowed volume suggest the possibility of large aperture antenna and reflectors for increased resolution, and solar sails and shades that can span great distances. However, their extreme flexibility provides for significant engineering challenges. Control of their shape will require sensors and actuators that are complementary with the lightweight and flexible nature of these structures. Active polymers such as PVDF fit this role well, and we begin this paper with a review of the mechanical properties of this material. Then we provide an analytical example that shows how PVDF might be applied to improve the shape of a doubly-curved membrane reflector.
Analisis Kebutuhan Pemanfaatan Video Pembelajaran dalam Meningkatkan Kompetensi Profesional Guru PPKn Sekolah Menengah Atas

Artikel ini menganalisis kebutuhan guru PPKn sebagai upaya meningkatkan kompetensi profesional dalam memanfaatkan teknologi dan informasi melalui video pembelajaran. Video pembelajaran menjadi salah satu bentuk pemanfaatan teknologi yang harus dimiliki guru terutama guru PPKn dalam rangka mendukung suksesnya pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ) yang efektif dan efisien. Hal ini dikarenakan materi PPKn yang cenderung tekstual sehingga diperlukan media yang mampu meningkatkan perhatian dan minat belajar peserta didik. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik analisis data kualitatif. Data diperoleh dari hasil pengamatan dan kuesioner yang disebar kepada 116 guru PPKn SMA di berbagai sekolah yang ada di Indonesia. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebesar 80% guru mengalami kesulitan untuk melibatkan peserta didik aktif dalam kegiatan PJJ. Selain itu, 78% guru mengalami kesulitan dalam membuat media pembelajaran untuk kegiatan PJJ. Sehingga, kebutuhan yang diperlukan oleh guru adalah pelatihan pemanfaatan video pembelajaran.
Lagrangian Strain- and Rotation-Rate Tensor Evaluation Based on Multi-pulse Particle Tracking Velocimetry (MPTV) and Radial Basis Functions(RBFs)

Physical conservation laws are inherently Lagrangian. However, analyses in fluid mechanics using the Lagrangian framework are often forgone in favor of those using the Eulerian framework. This is perhaps due to a lack of experimental techniques with high temporal and spatial resolution that track the movement of fluid tracers in a flow domain. The development of time-resolved Particle Tracking Velocimetry/Accelerometry (TR-PTV/A) that measures flows with high seeding density has made the use of the Lagrangian framework more accessible. A challenge facing PTV/A is the need for robust mesh-free numerical schemes that handle random particle locations. Such a scheme can be created with high-order accuracy using Radial Basis Functions (RBFs). RBFs allow direct evaluation of derivatives of vector and scalar fields at random locations with infinite-order smoothness. The current work uses RBF-based differential schemes to develop a post-processing tool for PTV/A data, which can accurately evaluate spatial derivatives directly from Lagrangian particle tracks. This RBF-based strain/rotation-rate tensor evaluation tool is validated with two and three-dimensional flows from analytical solutions and is then tested with experimental data measured by a multi-pulse PTV/A system.
Pushing Spatial Resolution Limits In Single-Shot Time-Resolved Transmission Electron Microscopy at the UCLA Pegasus Laboratory

We present the design of a high-speed single shot relativistic electron microscope planned for implementation at the UCLA PEGASUS Laboratory capable of imaging with less than 30 nm spatial resolution and image acquisition time on the order of 10 ps. This work is based on a multi-cavity acceleration scheme for producing relativistic beams (3.75 MeV) with suppressed rms energy spread (σδ ≈ 5e − 5), and a means to reduce smooth space charge aberrations by generating a quasi-optimal 4D particle distribution at the sample plane. start-to-end simulation results are used to validate the entire setup. Ultimately, a feasible working point is demonstrated.
The Correlation Between Gestational Sac Volume and Embryonic Volume in Prediction of Pregnancy Outcomes

Background: Accurate estimation of gestational (GA) is the basis of vital decisions in pregnancy and hence its importance in obstetric management. Crown rump length (CRL) has been proved to be a reliable parameter for the estimation of pregnancy age especially from 7 to 10 weeks . Additionally, it was demonstrated that, the gestational sac volume (GSV), embryonic volume (EV), CRL are important parameters for the early diagnosis of growth disorders . Objective: The aim of the current work was to assess the correlation of pregnancy outcome with gestational sac volume in relation to embryonic volume at )7‐10) weeks of gestation. Patients and methods: This was a prospective observational cross-sectional study carried out on 100 pregnant women with singleton pregnancy that belonging to7-10 week of pregnancy attending a routine antenatal checkup at Outpatient Clinic Of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Mansoura University Hospital. Results: Caesarean section (CS) was the most frequent mode of delivery among the studied cases. The average GSV, EV and CRL were higher among females with higher gestational age. EV and GSV were demonstrated to be significant predictors of CRL. CRL=1.55+0.02*GSV+0.08*EV. GSV was displayed to be a significant predictor of fetal birth weight. Fetal birth weight=2.94+0.008*GSV. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the GSV and EV reference intervals established in the present study can be used as normal parameters in future studies assessing cases at risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Radio communication in automation systems: the R-fieldbus approach

Modern production systems and production plants require new and advanced automation features that are characterized by more flexibility and mobility of automation devices as well as multi-media transmission besides real-time data transmission. The EU founded research project "R-Fieldbus: High performance wireless fieldbus in industrial related multi-media environment" has the objective to develop a radio based physical layer based on the existing and available radio technologies in the LAN and WAN world. Basis for this development are furthermore the requirements of the production systems, from the user as well as the industrial environment. In this paper we introduce the objectives of the R-Fieldbus project, the requirements as basis for the development as well as the first investigations of the radio channel characteristics in industrial environmental conditions.
Novel dual‐loop antenna placed over patch array surface for UHF RFID of dielectric and metallic objects

Novel electrically small low‐profile dual‐loop antenna over artificial‐like surface, formed by four‐element sub‐wavelength patch array printed on grounded dielectric slab used for shielding in UHF RFID applications, has been developed. The badge‐sized antenna exhibits the gain of about 1 dBi and antenna efficiency amounting to approximately 30–40% whether it is placed in free space or enclosed to dielectric/metallic objects. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 709–713, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24169
Evaluation of twenty chemical element contents in thyroid adenomas using neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Thyroid adenomas (TA) are benign tumors, but there is a 20% possibility of malignant transformation. The distinguishing between the TA and thyroid cancer (TC) is tricky, therefore new TA biomarkers are needed. Furthermore, the role of chemical elements (ChE) in etiology and pathogenesis of TA is unclear. The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate whether significant changes in the thyroid tissue levels of twenty chemical elements (ChE) Al, B, Ba, Br, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, I, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Si, Sr, V, and Zn exist in the adenomatous transformed thyroid. Thyroid tissue levels of twenty ChE were prospectively evaluated in 19 patients with TA and 105 healthy inhabitants. Measurements were performed using a combination of non-destructive and destructive methods: instrumental neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, respectively. Tissue samples were divided into two portions. One was used for morphological study while the other was intended for ChE analysis. It was found that contents of of Al, B, Br, Cl, Cu, Na, and Zn are significantly higher whereas the levels of I some lower. in TA than in normal tissues. It was supposed that the changes in levels Al, B, Br, Cl, Cu, I, Na, and Zn in thyroid tissue can be used as TA markers.
Active device‐less voltage equalization charger using capacitors, diodes, and an AC power source

Conventional cell/module voltage equalizers or equalization chargers based on traditional DC‐DC converters require numerous switches or transformers as the number of series connections increases; therefore, their cost and complexity tend to increase and their reliability decreases as the number of connections increases. This paper proposes a novel voltage equalization charger that consists only of passive components such as capacitors, diodes, and a transformer. The fundamental operating principle, major features, and derivation of equivalent DC circuits are presented. A symmetrical configuration is also proposed to mitigate the RMS current flowing through energy storage cells in the charging process. Simulations and experimental charging and cycle tests were performed on series‐connected electric double‐layer capacitor modules to demonstrate the equalization performance. The experimental and simulation results were in good agreement, and the voltage imbalances were gradually eliminated as time elapsed even during charge‐discharge cycling. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 181(3): 39‐48, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21288
Millimeter‐wave transition of coplanar line to substrate‐integrated LiNbO3 waveguide for traveling‐wave electro‐optical modulator

In this article, a transition of coplanar line to substrate‐integrated waveguide onto electro‐optical LiNbO3 substrate for the design of traveling‐wave optical phase modulator at 60 GHz were proposed, designed, and fabricated for the first time. Micromachining of the LiNbO3 substrate, which is transparent to a wide range of laser wavelengths, was done by using Excimer laser. Metallized via holes around the coplanar line are considered for the purpose of mode suppression. Also, a cavity resonator was designed to increase the circuit bandwidth. Measurement results show about 5 GHz bandwidth for the demonstrated substrate‐integrated electro‐optical waveguide. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1105–1107, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24229
Climate Change Can Accelerate Depletion of Montane Grassland C Stocks

Climate warming and management will likely affect carbon (C) fluxes of montane grassland ecosystems. In this study, we assessed the effect of simultaneous warming (+2°C) and decreased precipitation (−25%) on carbon exchange of montane grasslands in S‐Germany by translocating large intact plant‐soil cores from a high altitude to a low altitude site. Cores received two common grassland management regimes: intensive (4–5 cuts and slurry application) and extensive (1–2 cuts and slurry application). Diurnal patterns of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and total ecosystem respiration (Reco) were measured over 1.5 years in 2–3 weeks intervals during the snow free period. Additional data on environmental controls, that is, photosynthetic active radiation, grass height and soil moisture and temperature, were used to develop empirical models to estimate daily and annual fluxes of gross primary production (GPP) and Reco. Considering the 2 years period (2014 and 2015), we found that, under warmer and slightly drier conditions, both GPP and Reco significantly (p < 0.01) increased (up to 20%) but with a higher temperature sensitivity of Reco, particularly in intensive managed grassland. The higher temperature sensitivity of Reco reduced the NEE by 0.7 t C ha−1 yr−1 for both extensive and intensive management, respectively. Considering additional carbon inputs via slurry and exports via harvest (i.e., annual net ecosystem carbon budget), our results showed that managed grasslands are already a source of C under current climate conditions (1.7–1.8 t ha−1 yr−1) which significantly (p < 0.05) increased under climate warming (2.3–2.9 t ha−1 yr−1).
An Assessment of In‐Person and Remotely Operated Laboratories

Increasingly mechanical engineering departments are beginning to incorporate remotely operated laboratories into their laboratory curriculums. Yet very few studies exist detailing the extent to which this new medium for laboratory delivery fulfills the educational goals of traditional in‐person laboratories. This paper describes a comparison of educational outcomes between in‐person and remotely operated laboratories in the mechanical engineering curriculum. The study carried out in the 2001 Fall semester was performed using a remotely operated and an in‐person jet thrust laboratory. The laboratories illustrate the fundamentals of compressible fluid mechanics as part of an undergraduate mechanical engineering curriculum. The results from this study indicated no significant difference in the educational outcomes between students who performed the in‐person or the remote experiment.