Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Cannabinoid Signaling in Cardiovascular Function and Ischemic Injury

Cardiovascular disease represents a leading cause of death, morbidity, and societal economic burden. The prevalence of cannabis use has significantly increased due to legalization and an increased societal acceptance of cannabis. Therefore, it is critically important that we gain a greater understanding of the effects and risks of cannabinoid use on cardiovascular diseases as well as the potential for cannabinoid-directed drugs to be used as therapeutics for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of cannabinoid receptors in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and myocardial ischemia and explores their use as therapeutic targets in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Endocannabinoids are elevated in patients with atherosclerosis, and activation of cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1Rs) generally leads to an enhancement of plaque formation and atherosclerosis. In contrast, selective activation of cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2Rs) appears to exert protective effects against atherosclerosis. Endocannabinoid signaling is also activated by myocardial ischemia. CB2R signaling appears to protect the heart from ischemic injury, whereas the role of CB1R in ischemic injury is less clear. This narrative review serves to summarize current research on the role of cannabinoid signaling in cardiovascular function with the goal of identifying critical knowledge gaps and future studies to address those gaps in a way that facilitates the development of new treatments and better cardiovascular health. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, are a leading cause of death. Cannabinoid drugs have well known acute effects on cardiovascular function, including tachycardia and orthostatic hypotension. The recent legalization of marijuana and cannabinoids for both medical and recreational use has dramatically increased their prevalence of use. This narrative review on the role of cannabinoid signaling in cardiovascular disease contributes to a better understanding of this topic by integrating current knowledge and identifying critical gaps.
An Axiomatic Foundation of the Ecological Footprint

The objective of this paper is to provide an axiomatic foundation to the ecological footprint developed and refined by the authors in the Global Footprint Network, among others. For this purpose, five axioms are proposed which represent general properties any ecological footprint measure should fulfill. We show that an index exists which is unique up to a coefficient to be chosen arbitrarily. As an implication, footprints have to be measured on a ratio scale. This result supports the conventional unit of measurement (land area) which itself is represented by a ratio scale. In this respect, our index differs from the compound-based ecological footprint index in which the norm is missing and, therefore, it is implicitly set equal to one. Apart from that we find, as the most important result, that the ad-hoc design of the commonly applied ecological footprint index has been given an axiomatic foundation.
Efficient IoT Traffic Inference: From Multi-view Classification to Progressive Monitoring

Machine learning-based techniques have proven to be effective in Internet-of-Things (IoT) network behavioral inference. Existing works developed data-driven models based on features from network packets and/or flows, but mainly in a static and ad-hoc manner, without adequately quantifying their gains versus costs. In this article, we develop a generic architecture that comprises two distinct inference modules in tandem, which begins with IoT network behavior classification followed by continuous monitoring. In contrast to prior relevant works, our generic architecture flexibly accounts for various traffic features, modeling algorithms, and inference strategies. We argue quantitative metrics are required to systematically compare and efficiently select various traffic features for IoT traffic inference. This article1 makes three contributions: (1) For IoT behavior classification, we identify four metrics, namely, cost, accuracy, availability, and frequency, that allow us to characterize and quantify the efficacy of seven sets of packet-based and flow-based traffic features, each resulting in a specialized model. By experimenting with traffic traces of 25 IoT devices collected from our testbed, we demonstrate that specialized-view models can be superior to a single combined-view model trained on a plurality of features by accuracy and cost. We also develop an optimization problem that selects the best set of specialized models for a multi-view classification. (2) For monitoring the expected IoT behaviors, we develop a progressive system consisting of one-class clustering models (per IoT class) at three levels of granularity. We develop an outlier detection technique on top of the convex hull algorithm to form custom-shape boundaries for the one-class models. We show how progression helps with computing costs and the explainability of detecting anomalies. (3) We evaluate the efficacy of our optimally selected classifiers versus the superset of specialized classifiers by applying them to our IoT traffic traces. We demonstrate how the optimal set can reduce the processing cost by a factor of six with insignificant impacts on the classification accuracy. Also, we apply our monitoring models to a public IoT dataset of benign and attack traces and show they yield an average true-positive rate of 94% and a false-positive rate of 5%. Finally, we publicly release our data (training and testing instances of classification and monitoring tasks) and code for convex hull-based one-class models.
Time delay retrieval via the slope of spatial-spectral interference fringe for short pulses

Spatial-spectral interference carries the spectral phase difference information between short pulses. We propose a new method of time delay retrieval via the slope of spatial-spectral interference fringe in the case of only time delay without high-order spectral phase difference between short pulses. The analytical expression is deduced based on the principle of spatial-spectral interference. The simulation results show that the slope of spatial-spectral interference fringe and the crossing angle between short pulses are both important for the calculation accuracy. This proposed method has advantages of no direction-of-time ambiguity, simple principle and calculation process, which are helpful for the measurement and control of the time delay between short pulses in coherent combination, plasma parameter diagnosis and so on.
Loss of cilia after neurulation impacts brain development and neuronal activity in larval zebrafish

Cilia are slender, hair-like structures extending from cell surfaces and playing essential roles in diverse physiological processes. Within the nervous system, primary cilia contribute to signaling and sensory perception, while motile cilia facilitate cerebrospinal fluid flow. Here, we investigated the impact of ciliary loss on neural circuit development using a zebrafish line displaying ciliogenesis defects. We found that cilia loss after neurulation affects neurogenesis and brain morphology, and lead to altered gene expression profiles. Using whole brain calcium imaging, we measured reduced light-evoked and spontaneous neuronal activity in all brain regions. By shedding light on the intricate role of cilia in neural circuit formation and function in the zebrafish, our work highlights their evolutionary conserved role in the brain and set the stage for future analysis of ciliopathy models.
Rural Development in Eurasia and the Middle East: Land Reform, Demographic Change, and Environmental Constraints

The ties that bind Central Asia to the Middle East have increased dramatically in recent years, as political emancipation from Soviet rule has spurred the restoration of material culture shared by Turkic and Iranian peoples. Political institutions and farming practices, however, are still based on the Soviet model, with centralised large-scale agricultural production serving Russian rather than local needs. The contributors to this volume examine land reform and agricultural development in Russia, Central Asia, North Africa, and the Middle East. Their studies bring into question the evolutionary view of agricultural development, from small-scale subsistence to large-scale commercialised agricultural systems, and emphasise the need to understand the specific political, historical, and geographic contexts of rural development and land reform. This volume is a must for regional specialists, historians, economists, and those working on rural development issues throughout Eurasia. Kurt E. Engelmann was formerly associate director of the Russian, East European, Central Asian Center and lecturer in the Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies at the University of Washington. He lives in Eugene, Oregon. Vjeran Pavlakovic is a doctoral student in history at the University of Washington and is the managing editor for the Donald W. Treadgold Papers. Other contributors include Stephen K. Wegren, Gregory Ioffe, Dmitry Sharkov, Renee Giovarelli, Jim Butterfield, Philip Micklin, Will D. Swearingen, Michael E. Bonine, and Paul Kaldjian.
Journal of Innovations in Applied Pharmaceutical Science [JIAPS]

system drug design has revitalised the efficacy of previous medications by effectively regulating and sustaining their therapeutic action. The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing pharmaceutical interventions to target novel vesicular drug delivery systems. The objective of innovative medication administration is to minimize adverse effects while ensuring drug efficacy at a predetermined or reasonably consistent level within the body. A novel drug delivery approach is characterized by the controlled release of medication at a predetermined rate, which is determined based on factors such as therapeutic requirements, pharmacological properties, drug characteristics, physiological condition of the organism, and other relevant considerations. At present, there is a lack of medication delivery technologies that effectively achieve the aforementioned objectives while minimizing adverse effects. The utilization of vesicular systems in drug delivery has brought about changes in the understanding and application of diagnosis and therapy across different domains within the biomedical field. The vesicular drug delivery system [VDDS] serves as a means to address the disparity between the theoretical ideal and the presently accessible innovative drug delivery systems, accomplishing this by enclosing active moieties within vesicular structures. Various vesicular drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, niosomes, transferases, pharmacosomes, colloidosomes, herbosomes, sphinosomes, among others, have been developed. This review primarily focuses on the examination of various pharmacological targets, both lipiodal and nonlipoidal, within vesicular systems. Liposomes and niosomes represent innovative drug delivery systems.
Cultural Variation in Perceiving Competition

This study focused on the investigation of the inﬂuence of cultural differences on group behaviors in an academic setting. Under a highly competitive environment and facing limited social resources, people would be inclined to perceive competitiveness and make more competitive decisions despite their cultural differences. We investigated Chinese students - facing limited resources and being exposed to a highly competitive environment - and American students’ perceptions and decision-making in an academic environment. The paper hypoth-esizedthatascomparedtotheirAmericancounterparts,Chinesestudentswouldbe moreinclinedtoperceivecompetitivenessandmakelesscooperativedecisions.As wepredicted,dataanalysisshowedthatChinesestudentsindeedreportedhigher perceivedcompetitiveness,whichsupportedourhypothesisthatwhencompeting forlimitedsocialresources,peoplewouldbeembeddedwithastrongersenseof competitionandintendtomakemorecompetitivedecisions.
HAND WRITING RECOGNITION USING DEEP LEARNING ALGORITHM

: This project seeks to classify an individual handwritten word so that handwritten text can be translated to a digital form. We used two main approaches to accomplish this task: classifying words directly and character segmentation. For the former, we use Convolution Neural Network (CNN) with various architectures to train a model that can accurately classify words. For the latter, we use Long Short Term Memory networks (LSTM) with convolution to construct bounding boxes for each character. We then pass the segmented characters to a CNN for classification, and then reconstruct each word according to the results of classification and segmentation.Then the text can be converted to three desired language of choice.
Mesure haute température en environnement irradié par fibre optique utilisant l’effet Raman

EDF souhaite utiliser la technologie de mesure de temperature repartie par capteur a fibre optique utilisant l’effet Raman pour realiser des cartographies de temperature de certains composants de centrales nucleaires. Les conditions environnementales auxquelles le capteur a fibre optique est soumis sont particulierement agressives (temperature de 350 °C et rayonnements gamma ionisants). Les rayonnements ionisants sont responsables de la creation de defauts structurels au cœur de la fibre, qui attenuent sa transmission lumineuse, et dont les effets engendrent une erreur de mesure de temperature pouvant aller jusqu'a l’interruption totale de la mesure. La haute temperature, quant a elle, degrade le revetement protecteur de la fibre optique, ce qui la fragilise mecaniquement. Des irradiations gamma in situ sur des fibres optiques multimodes commerciales a revetement or protegees par une gaine en acier inoxydable ont ete realisees, a l’aide de deux sources de rayonnements differentes, pour observer l'attenuation radio-induite du capteur a fibre optique en fonction du debit de dose et de la dose cumulee. Les effets du rayonnement a temperature ambiante, puis a haute temperature, ont ete observes. Ce travail experimental demontre que la haute temperature peut etre maitrisee grâce a une fibre a revetement or, et que la haute temperature est benefique contre l’attenuation de la fibre engendree par l’irradiation. La mise en œuvre de capteur de temperature a fibre optique en environnement severe devient possible, ainsi que l’estimation des incertitudes sur la mesure associee.
Prolonged and repeated exposure to disgusting stimuli increases

Disgust motivates avoidance of stimuli associated with pathogens. Although disgust primarily inhibits oral and epidermal contact, it may also inhibit perceptual contact, particularly given the outsize role of sensory qualities in eliciting disgust. To examine perceptual avoidance of disgust, we presented images of bodily products or spoiled food paired with neutral images for 12-s trials and recorded eye movements (Experiment 1; N = 127). We found that overall, these disgusting images were not visually avoided compared to neutral images. However, viewing of disgusting images decreased with prolonged (within-trial) and repeated (between-trial) exposure, and these trends were predicted by self-reported disgust to the images. In Experiment 2 ( N = 84), we replicated Experiment 1 with a novel set of disgusting images, as well as other unpleasant image categories (suicide, threat) and pleasant images. We found that disgusting stimuli were viewed less than the other unpleasant image categories, and we again found that viewing of disgusting images decreased with prolonged and repeated exposure. Further, we replicated the finding that disgust ratings predicted decreasing viewing of disgusting images, but only for prolonged exposure (within-trial). Unexpectedly, we found that disgust ratings predicted a similar pattern of decreasing viewing for the suicide and threat images as well. These findings suggest that disgust inhibits perceptual contact, but in competition with motivational processes that steer attention towards pathogen threats. We discuss the implications for measuring disgust with eye tracking.
The Cumulative Effect of Unemployment on Risks for Acute Myocardial Infarction

Methods: We investigated the associations between different dimensions of unemployment and the risks for AMI in US adults in a prospective cohort study of adults (N=13 451) aged 51 to 75 years in the Health and Retirement Study with biennial follow-up interviews from 1992 to 2010. Unadjusted rates of age-specific AMI were used to demonstrate observed differences by employment status, cumulative number of job losses, and cumulative time unemployed. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the multivariate effects of cumulative work histories on AMI while adjusting for sociodemographic background and confounding risk factors.
Observations of climatologically

The numbers of clouds of a given size is a (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) Cloud (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) area (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) distributions (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) are (cid:58)(cid:58) a deﬁning feature of the earth’s atmosphere. As well as cloud area, cloud perimeter p is interesting because
Machine Learning Predictive Wi-Fi Antenna Design for Wireless Communication Technologies

The use of the Internet has become indispensable with the developing technolog. Antennas are the most important stage to access the Internet. Recently, development studies have increased considerably for antennas, which are the first step of wireless communication technology. In this study, a Wi-Fi antenna design with 2.4 GHz operating frequency that can be used in wireless communication technology has been realized. The designed antenna has dimensions of (Length) 90-(Width) 70 mm. It is very small size is very advantageous in terms of use. Microstrip antenna has been chosen to meet the necessary needs. While designing the antenna, CST Microwave Studio program has been used and numerical calculations have been made. After the antenna design has been made, machine learning support has been provided. The most appropriate return loss estimation has been made according to the selected algorithms. The most effective lengths of the antenna have been determined and parametric analysis has been performed. The results of the selected algorithms have been observed. Based on these results, the algorithm that made the closest prediction has been determined. As a result of this study, an antenna design with a return loss value of 21 dB and a bandwidth value operating between 2.37 GHz - 2.42 GHz frequencies have been carried out. The designed antenna is acceptable according to IEEE 802.11 standards. Decision Tree gave the best prediction result according to machine learning algorithms.
Immune Cell Activation: Stimulation, Costimulation, and Regulation of Cellular Activation

Opiate receptor (uOR) is expressed in central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, male and female reproductive tissues, and immune cells. Morphine, a ligand for opioid receptor family, is known to activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and release immunosuppressive glucocorticoids. Herein we present that minor changes, in the form of nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms, in μOR have cumulative impact on receptor-mediated signaling and functions of specific cell type(s). Significant reduction was seen in cells in M and S phases with coactivation of immune receptors with μOR. Flow cytometry-based experiments established a reduction in B and T lymphocytes, NK cells, and macrophages. Differences in types of immune cells were found to be significant to reduce immune response(s) mounted by GG(mutant allele)-bearing individuals. This is the first report on cross-talk between LPS-binding and μOR, explaining the reduction in the number of T and B cells after chronic opiate use and also the association of this impact on immunocytes with functional SNP, rs1799972/118G allele of OPRM1 gene as an explanation for the immune suppression in opiate users. Initially present lower cell titers can be further lowered by exogenous opiates and account for immunosuppression seen in chronic opiate users or after long-term treatment with opiate drugs for chronic pain.
Collishaw, S. (2020). Using a cross-cohort comparison design to test the role of maternal smoking in pregnancy in child mental health and learning: evidence from two UK cohorts born four decades

Background: Maternal smoking in pregnancy is associated with low birth weight (LBW), child conduct problems, hyperactivity and lower cognitive attainment, but associations may reflect measured and unmeasured confounding. Cross-cohort designs can aid causal inference through comparison of associations across populations with different confounding structures. We compared associations between maternal smoking in pregnancy and child conduct and hyperactivity problems, cognition and LBW across two cohorts born four decades apart. Methods: Two national UK cohorts born in 1958 (n1⁄412 415) and 2000/01 (n1⁄4 11 800) were compared. Maternal smoking in pregnancy and child birth weight was assessed at or shortly after birth. Parents rated children’s conduct problems and hyperactivity, and children completed standardized tests of reading and mathematics. Results: Maternal smoking in pregnancy was less common and more strongly associated with social disadvantage in 2000/01 compared with 1958 (interactions P < 0.001). Maternal smoking in pregnancy was robustly and equivalently associated with infant LBW in both cohorts [interactions: boys odds ratio (OR) 1⁄4 1.01 (0.89, 1.16), P 1⁄4 0.838; girls OR 1⁄4 1.01 (0.91, 1.17), P1⁄40.633]. Maternal smoking was more strongly associated with conduct problems, hyperactivity and reading in the 2000/01 cohort (interactions P < 0.001). VC The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association. 1 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. IEA International Epidemiological Association International Journal of Epidemiology, 2020, 1–10 doi: 10.1093/ije/dyaa001
Dimerization is required for ARF activity on single AuxRE promoters

18 19 Auxin is essential for almost every developmental process within plants. How a single small 20 molecule can lead to a plethora of downstream responses has puzzled researchers for 21 decades. It has been hypothesized that one source for such diversity is distinct promoter-22 binding and activation preferences for different members of the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 23 (ARF) family of transcription factors. We systematically tested this hypothesis by engineering 24 varied promoter sequences in a heterologous yeast system and quantifying transcriptional 25 activation by ARFs from two species, Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays . By harnessing the 26 user-defined and scalable nature of our synthetic system, we elucidated promoter design rules 27 for optimal ARF function, discovered novel ARF-responsive promoters, and characterized the 28 impact of ARF dimerization on their activation potential. We found no evidence for specificity in 29 ARF-promoter interactions, suggesting that the diverse auxin responses observed in plants may 30 be driven by factors outside the core auxin response machinery.