Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vortex overlapping in a BCS type-II superconductor revealed by Andreev reflection spectroscopy

The point-contact Andreev reflection spectroscopy for a simple BCS type-II superconductor was investigated in pure niobium (Nb). The small broadening factor of Gamma/Delta(0)< 0.09 was achieved by careful preparation of the junctions. Then we attempted to use the recently proposed two-channel model [Phys. Rev. B 72, 012502 (2005)] to explain the spectra measured in various magnetic fields for such low-Gamma case. It was found that this rigid vortex core model is appropriate below a crossover field H-*, above which it is not adequate due to the onset of substantial vortex overlapping effect.
Properties of Binary Data Generated from a Truncated Gaussian Random Field

Abstract Let Y*(s) represent a Gaussian random field with location index s ∈ D ⊂ R 2, and let Y(s) represent a binary random field on the same locations. We suppose that Y(s) is the indicator variable of the event Y*(s) > c for some cutoff value c. Moreover, we assume that Y(s), but not Y*(s), is observable. This could model, for example, trees in a plantation that are observed to be alive or dead as a result of the latent build-up of a toxin. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the relationship between the correlation structure of the latent Y*(s) and the observable Y(s). The results that we derive are relevant to the computer simulation of binary random fields.
Deep Kernel Learning for Uncertainty Estimation in Multiple Trajectory Prediction Networks

Predicting future paths of vehicles or pedestrians is an essential task for automated vehicles to allow for planning the own trajectory. Using predicted paths, a planning algorithm can, e.g., react to anticipated manoeuvres of other traffic participants. For calculating risks of planned manoeuvres, it is essential that the predicted paths are generated with information about their uncertainty. Since today's state of the art trajectory prediction algorithms are based on deep neural networks (DNNs), the estimation of uncertainty is left to the neural networks as well, which usually provide no means of assessing how the uncertainty estimation works. In this paper, we present a combination of DNNs with Gaussian processes via Deep Kernel Learning (DKL), which combines the ability of DNNs to perform the prediction task with the advantage of Gaussian processes of having more interpretable probabilistic outputs. We propose and evaluate two different variants for the task of multimodal trajectory prediction using Stochastic Variational Gaussian Processes (SVGPs) and the recently proposed regression method Deep Sigma Point Processes (DSPPs), respectively. We evaluate the predictive distributions of both approaches on the publicly available Argoverse Motion Forecasting dataset and compare them to other, purely neural network based methods for uncertainty estimation.
LBP and SIFT based facial expression recognition

This study compares the performance of local binary patterns (LBP) and scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) with support vector machines (SVM) in automatic classification of discrete facial expressions. Facial expression recognition is a multiclass classification problem and seven classes; happiness, anger, sadness, disgust, surprise, fear and comtempt are classified. Using SIFT feature vectors and linear SVM, 93.1% mean accuracy is acquired on CK+ database. On the other hand, the performance of LBP-based classifier with linear SVM is reported on SFEW using strictly person independent (SPI) protocol. Seven-class mean accuracy on SFEW is 59.76%. Experiments on both databases showed that LBP features can be used in a fairly descriptive way if a good localization of facial points and partitioning strategy are followed.
Dislocation climb model in compound semiconductors with zinc blende structure

A new dislocation climb model is proposed for compound semiconductors with the zinc blende structure. Within the model a supersaturation of only one type of point defect is needed for the dislocation climb process. Consideration of the forces involved suggest that in compound semiconductors grown by liquid‐phase epitaxy, interstitial climb is favored. A trail of vacancy defects is then expected to result from the climb process. Experimental observations in support of this model are presented for the case of the defect structures produced during degradation of Ga1−xAlxAs/GaAs (DH) lasers and GaP green‐light‐emitting diodes.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its multiple strategies to access iron.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous bacterium found in many natural and man-made environments. It is also a pathogen for plants, animals, and humans. As for almost all living organisms, iron is an essential nutrient for the growth of P. aeruginosa. The bacterium has evolved complex systems to access iron and maintain its homeostasis to survive in diverse natural and dynamic host environments. To access ferric iron, P. aeruginosa is able to produce two siderophores (pyoverdine and pyochelin), as well as use a variety of siderophores produced by other bacteria (mycobactins, enterobactin, ferrioxamine, ferrichrome, vibriobactin, aerobactin, rhizobactin and schizokinen). Furthermore, it can also use citrate, in addition to catecholamine neuromediators and plant-derived mono catechols, as siderophores. The P. aeruginosa genome also encodes three heme-uptake pathways (heme being an iron source) and one ferrous iron acquisition pathway. This review aims to summarize current knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms involved in all the iron and heme acquisition strategies used by P. aeruginosa. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
An acyclic analogue to Heawood's theorem

The concept of acyclic coloring was introduced by Grünbaum [5] and is a generalization of point arboricity. A proper k-coloring of the vertices of a graph Gis said to be acyclic if G contains no two-colored cycle. The acyclic chromatic number of a graph G, denoted by a(G), is the minimum value of k for which G has an acyclic k-coloring. Let a(n) denote the maximum value of the acyclic chromatic number among all graphs of genus n. In [5], Grünbaum conjectured that a(0) = 5 and proved that a(0)≤9. The conjecture was proved by Borodin [3] after the upper bound was improved three times in [7], [1] and [6]. In [2], we proved that a(1)≤a(0) + 3. The purpose of this paper is to prove the following Theorem. Any graph of genus n>0 can be acyclically colored with 4n + 4 colors. It is not known for any n>0 whether a(n)>H(n), the Heawood number [8].
From Inheritance to Mockito: An Automatic Refactoring Approach

Unit testing focuses on verifying the functions of individual units of a software system. It is challenging due to the high inter dependencies among software units. Developers address this by mocking—replacing the dependency by a “fake” object. Despite the existence of powerful, dedicated mocking frameworks, developers often turn to a “hand-rolled” approach—inheritance. That is, they create a subclass of the dependent class and mock its behavior through method overriding. However, this requires tedious implementation and compromises the design quality of unit tests. This work contributes a fully automated refactoring framework to identify and replace the usage of inheritance by using Mockito—a well received mocking framework. Our approach is built upon the empirical experience from five open source projects that use inheritance for mocking. We evaluate our approach on nine other projects. Results show that our framework is efficient, generally applicable to new datasets, mostly preserves test case behaviors in detecting defects (in the form of mutants), and decouples test code from production code. The qualitative evaluation by experienced developers suggests that the auto-refactoring solutions generated by our framework improve the quality of the unit test cases in various aspects, such as making test conditions more explicit, as well as improved cohesion, readability, understandability, and maintainability with test cases. Finally, we submit 23 pull requests containing our refactoring solutions to the open source projects. It turns our that, 9 requests are accepted/merged, 6 requests are rejected, the remaining requests are pending (5 requests), with unexpected exceptions (2 requests), or undecided (1 request). In particular, among the 21 open source developers that are involved in the reviewing process, 81% give positive votes. This indicates that our refactoring solutions are quite well received by the open source projects and developers.
Treatment outcomes of mucosal melanoma of head and neck: Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced disease

Background Head and neck mucosal melanoma (HNMM) is a rare and aggressive subtype of melanoma. HNMM often develops as a recurrent or metastatic disease, and its prognosis is worse than that of cutaneous melanoma. Recent large-scale clinical studies have reported favorable outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for melanoma. However, these clinical trials included only a small number of HNMM cases. This study aimed to estimate treatment outcomes and prognostic predictors of ICIs for advanced HNMM. Methods Cases of advanced HNMM, defined as unresectable or metastatic HNMM at the initial diagnosis (five patients) or development of recurrent/metastatic HNMM after initial treatment (27 patients), were included in this study. Survival analysis and a search for prognostic factors were performed for these 32 patients. Furthermore, the detailed clinical course of patients who received ICI treatment was investigated. Results The median overall survival (OS) of 32 patients with advanced HNMM was 25.3 months. The estimated 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 68.4%, 42.8%, and 34.3%, respectively. Fourteen patients (43.7%) received ICIs, whereas 18 (56.3%) did not. Univariate analysis showed that ICI treatment was the only factor associated with a better 1-year OS. Patients who received ICI treatment had significantly longer OS (median OS: not reached, 1-year OS: 85.7%) than those who did not (median OS: 11.3 months, 1-year OS: 54.5%). The overall response and disease control rates of patients who received ICI treatment were 50% and 64.3%, respectively. Patients who achieved complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) to ICI treatment survived significantly longer (1-year OS: 100%) than those who did not (1-year OS: 71.4%). Among the five patients who discontinued ICI treatment due to severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs), four did not receive salvage treatments but showed durable treatment effects and survived for 9.8–54.2 months at the end of the follow-up period. Conclusions ICI treatment achieved a favorable OS for advanced HNMM. CR/PR to ICI treatment and discontinuation owing to severe irAEs were favorable predictors of OS.
The Cronin Controversy1

An extraordinary range of opinions have been expressed about this book. Chosen by the New York Review of Books as one of the nine best books of 1992, it was positively reviewed by David Hull in Nature [1992]. But it received a very hostile review from Stephen Jay Gould [1992]. Gould's review was criticized in letters by John Maynard-Smith [1993] and Daniel C. Dennett [1993]. More recently, Cronin's book received a positive mention in Michael Ruse's 'Booknotes' column [1994], and was strongly criticized in a paper by David Sloan Wilson and Elliott Sober [1994]. My aim in this review is to explain the situation in philosophy of biology that underlies these disagreements. In the first chapter of her book Cronin announces her intention to write 'whig history'. She will interpret the past through the present seeing past figures as progressive or misguided on the basis of our modern understanding. Although generally regarded as bad methodology in history, this is appropriate in the history of science. Science is different because it really does have a tendency to progress. 'Science shows it (progress) more reliably than most human activities' (p. 4). Hull endorses this view in his review. He argues that Cronin's excellent book is evidence in favour of the 'whig' methodology. But this evidence is not unequivocal.
Robust Cartesian Kinematics Estimation for Task-Space Control Systems

We discuss a novel method for estimating task Cartesian position and velocity in robot manipulators. This is done by model-based fusion of inertial measurement units with motor encoders. The model is developed to robustly handle the uncertainties in the trajectory. Thus, not only the approach benefits from high fidelity and bandwidth thanks to multiple-sensory fusion, but it also enforces stability despite poorly formulated motions. This empowers the method to be utilized in complex closed-loop applications, where both task position and velocity information is required.
Cataract Detection by Leveraging VGG-19 Classification Model on Retinal Images

A cataract is an obscurity of the eye lens as a result of protein buildup in the lens. Almost 48% of the world’s blindness and 51% of South Asia’s blindness are a result of cataract formation. Hence, it has become necessary to tackle this issue quickly. An individual’s rate of blindness and surgery pain could be reduced upon timely detection. This paper proposes a modified version of the VGG-19 model to detect cataracts in retinal fundus images. Additional layers are added to the original VGG-19 model to obtain the proposed model. A preprocessed dataset is split into training, testing and validation sections. The proposed model is then trained over the training data, which is further validated and an accuracy of 99.89% is observed. Finally, the testing data is fed to the model and a high testing accuracy of 97.25% is obtained.
Medical implants based on microsystems

The fast development of CMOS technologies to smaller dimensions led to very high integration densities with complex circuitry on very small chip areas. In 2006 Intel fabricated the first products in a 65 nm technology. The cointegration of microsensors or actuators together with the very low power consumption of the CMOS circuitry is very well suited for use in implanted systems. Applications like intracranial or intraocular pressure measurements have become possible. This review presents an overview over actual applications and developments of sensor/actuator-based microsystems for medical implants. It concentrates on the technical part of these investigations. It will mainly review work on systems measuring pressure in blood vessels and on systems for ophthalmic applications.
Transient radio emission from the PSR B1259-63 system near periastron

Observations of the pulsar--Be-star binary system PSR B1259-63 around the 1994 and 1997 periastron encounters, using the Australia Telescope Compact Array at four frequencies between 1.4 and 8.4 GHz, and the Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope at 843 MHz, show a relatively strong and rapidly varying but unpulsed radio source. The source appears 22 d before periastron and lasts for more than 100 d. Over most of the event the spectral index is ∼-0.5, indicating an optically thin synchrotron source. The peak flux of ∼50 mJy at 1 GHz occurs about 20 d after periastron. There are strong similarities in the light curves of the 1994 and 1997 periastron passages. The radio light curve shows day-to-day variability and varies by a factor of more than 100 over the observation interval. This is in contrast to the X-ray emission which varies by only a factor of 2 close to periastron. The emission is interpreted as synchrotron emission from relativistic electrons accelerated in shocks at the interface between the pulsar wind and the Be-star emission-line disc.
Optical diagnosis of dengue virus infection in human blood serum using Raman spectroscopy

We present the optical diagnosis of dengue virus infection in human blood serum using Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectra were acquired from 18 blood serum samples using a laser at 532 nm as the excitation source. A multivariate regression model based on partial least-squares regression is developed that uses Raman spectra to predict dengue infection with leave-one-sample-out cross validation. The prediction of dengue infection by our model yields correlation coefficient r2 values of 0.9998 between the predicted and reference clinical results. The model was tested for six unknown human blood sera and found to be 100% accurate in accordance with the clinical results.
A Path Selection Flow for Functional Path Ring Oscillators using Physical Design Data

A lot of effort and money is invested in testing to ensure zero-defect quality of automotive microcontrollers. One crucial test is the performance screening. Indirect structures such as Ring Oscillators (ROs) are used for this. Here, the quality of the performance screening strongly depends on the quality and selection of the RO structures used. This paper proposes a path selection and implementation method to provide a set of functional path ROs with good representativeness for the whole chip. In addition, a simulation-based validation is presented, which is used to improve the selection process continually. The proposed path selection is validated by simulation and on silicon. The results show a high diversity and good coverage of the chip parameters with the selected functional path ROs, providing good conditions for a high-quality performance screening.
A study of merger & acquisition on the performance of a firm: An evidence of Indian companies across diversified industries

Merger and acquisition is not a new concept in the business world. The first wave of mergers took place between 1803-1904. India has appeared as one of the most favored emerging market destinations for M&A deals over the last decades(Gupta,2014) due to the growing opportunities and availability of resources. In the past two years, the Indian market witnessed a lot of turbulence due to GST (Good and Service tax), demonetization, and presently due to the outbreak of global pandemic Covid-19. In India, mergers and acquisitions are being governed by the Companies Act, 2013 for the general framework, Indian Contract Act, 1872 for contract and rights of the parties, the Specific Relief Act, 1963 for remedies on breach of contract. In this paper, five companies were chosen from different industries to check the effect of mergers using six financial parameters which are: Current Ratio, Net Profit Ratio, Price to Earnings Ratio, Earnings per Share, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Asset Turnover Ratio. The study period ranges from 2011 to 2021. Shapiro-Wilks test was done to check the normality of the data and Wilcoxon Paired Sign-Rank Test was computed for dataset not following a normal distribution. Paired sample T-test was used to check the existence of positive or negative impact post-merger. This paper strives to find out the prevailing scenario of M&A worldwide and also to know the overall performance of the selected companies post-merger. Through this paper, we come to know that merger and acquisition is not always a good option. The majority of the companies faced a significant amount of loss after the merger. The findings directed varied results.
Proteomic analysis of Taenia hydatigena metacestode by high performance liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

This study determined the profile of proteins in T. hydatigena metacestode by LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, comparison of 6 tapeworms revealed the presence of Taenia-specific filamin proteins and Echinococcus-specific UGPase proteins. These data provide clues for better understanding of T. hydatigena biological characteristics, which provides a new choice for screening of new diagnostic antigens for differential diagnosis of diseases by coinfections of various tapeworm metacestodes.
Adaptive fault‐tolerant control for feedback linearizable systems with an aircraft application

This paper investigates fault‐tolerant control (FTC) for feedback linearizable systems (FLSs) and its applications. The dynamic effects caused by the actuator faults on the feedback linearized model are firstly analyzed, which reveals that under actuator faults, the control input in the linearized model is affected by uncertain terms. In the framework of model reference control, the first FTC strategy is proposed as a robust controller, which achieves asymptotic tracking control of the FLS under actuator faults. A disadvantage of this strategy is that it relies on explicit information about several parameters in the actuator faults. This requirement is later relaxed by combining the robust FTC strategy with an adaptive technique to generate the adaptive FTC law, which is then improved to alleviate possible chattering of the actuator and estimation drifting of the adaptive parameter. Finally, the proposed FTC strategies are evaluated by reference command tracking control of a pendulum and an air‐breathing hypersonic vehicle under actuator faults. Simulation results demonstrate good tracking performance, which confirms effectiveness of the proposed strategies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TECHNIQUE OF TRANSLATION: REVIEWING THE THEORY

This article concerns on the translation techniques based on the emphasis of language, source and target. This article is conducted with qualitative reserch design by using library study and review of literature. This article shows that the emphasis in translation, whether source langauge or target language has suitable technique in transfering the idea of source text. This article shows that source language emphasis closely relates to word level equivalence that might be assisted by machine translation or fully exploring human capital of thinking. Meanwhile, the target language emphasis closely relates to sense of language notions which focus on readable and acceptable aspect of translation product.
A study on the Extraction of Similar Information using Knowledge Base Embedding for Battlefield Awareness

[Abstract] Due to advanced complex strategies, the complexity of information that a commander must analyze is increasing. An intelligent service that can analyze battlefield is needed for the commander's timely judgment. This service consists of extracting knowledge from battlefield information, building a knowledge base, and analyzing the battlefield information from the knowledge base. This paper extract information similar to an input query by embedding the knowledge base built in the 2 nd step. The transformation model is needed to generate the embedded knowledge base and uses the random-walk algorithm. The transformed information is embedding using Word2Vec, and Similar information is extracted through cosine similarity. In this paper, 980 sentences are generated from the open knowledge base and embedded as a 100-dimensional vector and it was confirmed that similar entities were extracted through cosine similarity.
Laser heating and detection of bilayer microcantilevers for non-contact thermodynamic measurements

We describe a method for optical detection (frequency and position) and heating of bilayer microcantilevers (BMCs) to high temperatures at fast heating rates (106 °C/s to 109 °C/s) for non-contact thermodynamic measurements of small quantities of materials in the femtogram range. The current experimental apparatus with a 2 μm × 10 μm BMC achieves a deflection sensitivity of 0.1 A, heating rate of 3.0 × 106 °C/s, and heat sensitivity of 18 pJ in a 3 kHz bandwidth in air. By measuring the resonant frequency shift after sample loading, we achieve a mass resolution of 2.67 fg.