Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sex-Related Pain Behavioral Differences following Unilateral NGF Injections in a Rat Model of Low Back Pain

Simple Summary Low back pain (LBP) is a worldwide problem that requires additional studies to better identify its underlying causes. One obstacle encountered is that female-experienced LBP is likely biologically different from male-experienced LBP. Studying the potential sex-differences in animal models may provide a better understanding of the causes of LBP and help to identify new treatments for LBP. We used an animal model to investigate the differences in male and female rats when back muscles on one side were injected with a painful substance called nerve growth factor (NGF). These injections led to sex differences in the behavioral responses to painful stimuli (hyperalgesia) and non-painful stimuli (mechanical hypersensitivity). Ipsilateral low back deep hyperalgesia and superficial mechanical hypersensitivity lasted longer in females compared with males. Moreover, female rats had bilateral deep mechanical hyperalgesia and cutaneous trunk mechanical hypersensitivity, unlike males. Our results are the first to demonstrate that there are sex differences in an animal model of LBP induced by the painful substance NGF. Future studies may help to reveal the underlying biological mechanisms of LBP to create better treatments to attempt to help those suffering with LBP. Abstract Low back pain (LBP) is a globally prevalent and costly societal problem with multifactorial etiologies and incompletely understood pathophysiological mechanisms. To address such shortcomings regarding the role of neurotrophins in the underlying mechanisms of pain, an LBP model was developed in rats involving two unilateral intramuscular injections of nerve growth factor (NGF) into deep trunk muscles. To date, behavioral investigations of this NGF-LBP model have been limited, especially as it pertains to female pain behaviors. This study compared mechanical sensitivity to noxious (hyperalgesia) and non-noxious (hypersensitivity) stimuli in control and NGF-injected male and female rats through pain resolution. Although the baseline testing revealed no differences between males and females, NGF-injected females demonstrated prolonged ipsilateral deep trunk mechanical hyperalgesia that resolved seven days later than males. Moreover, females showed bilateral trunk mechanical sensitivity to noxious and non-noxious stimuli compared to only ipsilateral behaviors in males. Sex differences were also observed in the severity of behavioral responses, with females displaying greater mean differences from baseline at several timepoints. Overall, these NGF-LBP behavioral findings mirror some of the sex differences reported in the clinical presentation of LBP and accentuate the translatability of this NGF-LBP model. Future studies using this LBP-NGF model could help to elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms responsible for the development, severity, and/or resolution of muscular LBP as well as to provide insights into the processes governing the transition from acute to chronic LBP.
Building an emission library of donor–acceptor–donor type linker-based luminescent metal–organic frameworks

Luminescent metal–organic frameworks (LMOFs) have been extensively studied for their potential applications in lighting, sensing and biomedicine-related areas due to their high porosity, unlimited structure and composition tunability. However, methodical development in systematically tuning the emission properties of fluorescent organic linker-based LMOFs to facilitate the rational design and synthesis of target-specific materials has remained challenging. Herein we attempt to build an emission library by customized synthesis of LMOFs with targeted absorption and emission properties using donor–acceptor–donor type organic linkers. By tuning the acceptor groups (i.e. 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole and its derivatives), donor groups (including modification of original donors and use of donors with different metal–linker connections) and bridging units between acceptor and donor groups, an emission library is developed for LMOFs with their emissions covering the entire visible light range as well as the near-infrared region. This work may offer insight into well controlled design of organic linkers for the synthesis of LMOFs with specified functionality.
Development and Validation of an HPLC-UV Method for the Dissolution Studies of 3D-Printed Paracetamol Formulations in Milk-Containing Simulated Gastrointestinal Media

Herein, a simple and rapid HPLC method for the determination of paracetamol milk-containing biorelevant media is proposed. The separation of the analyte from the milk-containing biorelevant media was accomplished isocratically using a mobile phase containing 25 mM phosphate buffer (pH = 3.0) and methanol, 80:20, v/v at a flow rate of 1 mL min−1. Following a protein precipitation-based sample clean-up, a thorough investigation of the effect of the precipitation reagent (methanol, acetonitrile, 10% v/v trifluoroacetic acid solution) on the analyte recovery was performed. The matrix effect was assessed in each biorelevant medium by comparing the slopes of the calibration curves of aqueous and matrix-matched calibration curves. The method was comprehensively validated using the accuracy profiles. The β-expectation tolerance intervals did not exceed the acceptance criteria of ±15%, meaning that 95% of future results will be included in the defined bias limits. The relative bias ranged between −4.5 and +3.9% for all analytes, while the RSD values for repeatability and intermediate precision were less than 2.7% and 3.0%, respectively. The achieved limit of detection (LOD) was 0.02 μg mL−1 and the lower limits of quantitation (LLOQ) were established as 10 μg mL−1, which corresponded to 2% of the highest expected concentration of paracetamol. The proposed scheme was utilized for the determination of paracetamol in dissolution studies of its 3D-printed formulation in milk-containing biorelevant media.
Klasifikasi Jenis Burung Lovebird Menggunakan Algoritma Convolutional Neural Network

Salah satu algoritma yang digunakan untuk klasifikasi citra digital adalah convolutional neural network, dalam penelitian ini citra burung lovebird yang terdiri dari 8 kelas digunakan sebagai dataset untuk pembelajaran mendalam antara lain Agapornis Cana, Agapornis Taranta, Agapornis Pullaria, Agapornis Roseicollis, Agapornis Lilianae, Agapornis Nigrigenis, Agapornis Personata dan Agapornis Ficheri, total citra yang digunakan 800 citra dengan pembagian training 70% dan testing 30%. Implementasi CNN untuk klasifikasi citra burung lovebird. CNN yang digunakan terdiri dari 2 lapisan konvolusi, 2 lapisan, 1 lapisan flatten layer, 2 lapisan dense, dan 2 lapisan Dropout. Tingkat akurasi yang diperoleh dari model CNN dengan nilai learning rate 0.01 dan jumlah epoch sebanyak 100 mendapatkan nilai akurasi 60,83%.
A 3-miRNA Signature Enables Risk Stratification in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients with Different Clinical Outcomes

Malignant gliomas constitute a complex disease phenotype that demands optimum decision-making as they are highly heterogeneous. Such inter-individual variability also renders optimum patient stratification extremely difficult. microRNA (hsa-miR-20a, hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-21) expression levels were determined by RT-qPCR, upon FFPE tissue sample collection of glioblastoma multiforme patients (n = 37). In silico validation was then performed through discriminant analysis. Immunohistochemistry images from biopsy material were utilized by a hybrid deep learning system to further cross validate the distinctive capability of patient risk groups. Our standard-of-care treated patient cohort demonstrates no age- or sex- dependence. The expression values of the 3-miRNA signature between the low- (OS > 12 months) and high-risk (OS < 12 months) groups yield a p-value of <0.0001, enabling risk stratification. Risk stratification is validated by a. our random forest model that efficiently classifies (AUC = 97%) patients into two risk groups (low- vs. high-risk) by learning their 3-miRNA expression values, and b. our deep learning scheme, which recognizes those patterns that differentiate the images in question. Molecular-clinical correlations were drawn to classify low- (OS > 12 months) vs. high-risk (OS < 12 months) glioblastoma multiforme patients. Our 3-microRNA signature (hsa-miR-20a, hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-10a) may further empower glioblastoma multiforme prognostic evaluation in clinical practice and enrich drug repurposing pipelines.
CYP450 Epoxygenase Metabolites, Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids, as Novel Anti-Inflammatory Mediators

Inflammation plays a crucial role in the initiation and development of a wide range of systemic illnesses. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are derived from arachidonic acid (AA) metabolized by CYP450 epoxygenase (CYP450) and are subsequently hydrolyzed by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), which are merely biologically active. EETs possess a wide range of established protective effects on many systems of which anti-inflammatory actions have gained great interest. EETs attenuate vascular inflammation and remodeling by inhibiting activation of endothelial cells and reducing cross-talk between inflammatory cells and blood vessels. EETs also process direct and indirect anti-inflammatory properties in the myocardium and therefore alleviate inflammatory cardiomyopathy and cardiac remodeling. Moreover, emerging studies show the substantial roles of EETs in relieving inflammation under other pathophysiological environments, such as diabetes, sepsis, lung injuries, neurodegenerative disease, hepatic diseases, kidney injury, and arthritis. Furthermore, pharmacological manipulations of the AA-CYP450-EETs-sEH pathway have demonstrated a contribution to the alleviation of numerous inflammatory diseases, which highlight a therapeutic potential of drugs targeting this pathway. This review summarizes the progress of AA-CYP450-EETs-sEH pathway in regulation of inflammation under different pathological conditions and discusses the existing challenges and future direction of this research field.
Fast visual inertial odometry with point–line features using adaptive EDLines algorithm

In mainstream visual inertial odometry (VIO) systems, the method of positional solution by feature point extraction and matching in the image is widely used. However, the tracking accuracy of point features is dependent on the texture richness in the environment. Although many existing algorithms introduce line features in the front end to improve the system’s environmental adaptability, most of them sacrifice system real-time in exchange for higher positioning accuracy. The extraction and matching of line features often require more time, thus failing to meet the real-time requirements of the system for localization. In this paper, we therefore propose a fast VIO fused with point and line features, which enables the system to maintain a high level of positioning robustness in dim and changing light environments with low time cost. The point–line features VIO algorithm is based on adaptive thresholding of EDLines. By adding an adaptive thresholding component to the EDLines algorithm, the robustness of line feature extraction is enhanced to better adapt to changes in ambient lighting. The time needed for line feature extraction is also significantly reduced. A line feature matching algorithm based on geometric information and structural similarity is proposed, which enables fast and accurate line feature matching. The algorithm is compared with point-line visual-inertial odometry and monocular visual-inertial state estimator algorithms on the European robotics challenge dataset and real-world scenes. Many experiments prove that the algorithm has improved in both real time and accuracy.
The Mutation of Rice MEDIATOR25, OsMED25, Induces Rice Bacterial Blight Resistance through Altering Jasmonate- and Auxin-Signaling

Rice bacterial blight disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the most severe diseases of rice. However, the regulatory mechanisms of rice defense against Xoo remain poorly understood. The rice MEDIATOR25, OsMED25—a subunit of the mediator multiprotein complex that acts as a universal adaptor between transcription factors (TFs) and RNA polymerase II—plays an important role in jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated lateral root development in rice. In this study, we found that OsMED25 also plays an important role in JA- and auxin-mediated resistance responses against rice bacterial blight. The osmed25 loss-of-function mutant exhibited high resistance to Xoo. The expression of JA-responsive defense-related genes regulated by OsMYC2, which is a positive TF in JA signaling, was downregulated in osmed25 mutants. Conversely, expression of some OsMYC2-independent JA-responsive defense-related genes was upregulated in osmed25 mutants. Furthermore, OsMED25 interacted with some AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS (OsARFs) that regulate auxin signaling, whereas the mutated osmed25 protein did not interact with the OsARFs. The expression of auxin-responsive genes was downregulated in osmed25 mutants, and auxin-induced susceptibility to Xoo was not observed in osmed25 mutants. These results indicate that OsMED25 plays an important role in the stable regulation of JA- and auxin-mediated signaling in rice defense response.
Role of neck circumference in measuring obesity in healthy adults

Background: Visceral fat or intra-abdominal fat is the adipose tissue surrounding mesenteries and omentum. This has been linked to lifestyle diseases like heart diseases, arthritis, stroke and even cancer. At present we have three tools to measure visceral fat area (VFA) – Bio impedance analysis, Magnetic resonance analyser and DEXA scan. Neck circumference measurement is a simple, easy to do and a quantifiable method of measuring visceral fat. Aim & Objective: This study aims to find correlation of visceral body fat with Neck Circumference (NC) and Body Mass Index. Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out in a medical college of western Maharashtra, wherein 290 healthy males (>18 years) were selected by simple random sampling over a period of 7 months from (February 2018 – August 2018). Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Visceral body fat was measured using Body Space 720 and neck circumference using measuring tape. Results: We found a significant association between neck circumference and VFA. There is a strong association between NC of >35cm and VFA >100cm2. NC can be useful in field settings as it can be used easily by health care workers in predicting risk of lifestyle diseases.
Preparation and Characterization of Eco-Friendly Transparent Antibacterial Starch/Polyvinyl Alcohol Materials for Use as Wound-Dressing

In this study, eco-friendly and transparent starch-based/polyvinyl alcohol/citric acid composite films are evaluated for their efficacy as wound dressing materials. The starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) materials with added citric acid (0.46–1.83 wt%) and glycerol were made and handled based on the modified casting method. This new formulation decreases the amount of PVA used in the conventional preparation method. Citric acid ensures an appropriate antibacterial environment for wound-dressing materials. The mechanical, chemical, and surface morphological properties of such films were assessed and analyzed by tensile strength tests, UV–Vis spectrometry, swelling index, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the water vapor transmission (WVT) quantity was measured for an ideal wound-healing process to investigate an optimal moisture environment around the wound bed. Moreover, the pH level of the dressings was measured to examine the possibility of bacterial growth around these starch-based films. Additionally, the films’ in-vitro antibacterial activities were studied against the two most common Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus). The new starch-based dressings demonstrated suitable degradation, antibacterial activity, fluid absorption, and adequate mechanical strength, representing wound-dressing materials’ vital features.
Physicians’ Perspectives on the Implementation of the Second Opinion Directive in Germany—An Exploratory Sequential Mixed-Methods Study

A new Second Opinion Directive (SOD) was introduced in Germany in December 2018 for hysterectomy, tonsillotomy, and tonsillectomy to support shared decision making and to avoid unnecessary surgeries. Owing to its recent implementation, evidence and insights regarding outcomes and challenges encountered with the SOD are lacking, notably from the physicians’ perspective. To assess this, we undertook an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design with an initial qualitative phase followed by a quantitative evaluation. A qualitative analysis of 22 interviews with specialists in gynecology and otorhinolaryngology was followed by a statistical analysis of a survey of 136 physicians in those disciplines. The specialists expressed a generally positive opinion of the new SOD, emphasizing the aspects of patient orientation, support in decision making, and patient safety. However, they also highlighted the following structural problems regarding the SOD implementation: In addition to an increased organisational effort, the specialists criticised the SOD with regard to its implementation in rural regions with a low availability of specialists for referral. Barriers that impede the implementation of the current directive, such as the adaptation of the qualifying requirements for authorized second opinion physicians, as well as the inclusion of relevant indications, need focused consideration to obtain better alignment with everyday practice.
Seasonal and Year-Round Distributions of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Its Risk to Temperate Fruits under Climate Change

Simple Summary The oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a pest species in the Tephritidae family that damages many fruits and vegetables. Dispersal of B. dorsalis is mediated by human activities (e.g., trade) and climate change, and it can cause serious damage to crops in newly invaded regions. Previous studies mainly focused on the areas potentially suitable for year-round reproduction, but it is unclear where the seasonal and year-round suitable areas are in the world. We used ecological niche models to predict the potential seasonal and year-round distribution areas of B. dorsalis. Bioclimate factors contributed differently to these two kinds of distributions. In the future, the areas suitable for B. dorsalis will increase, and the range will likely expand northward from existing locations. The spread of B. dorsalis in the seasonally suitable areas could threaten the production of some temperate fruits, including apples, peaches, pears, and oranges. Abstract Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is an important pest to fruits and vegetables. It can damage more than 300 plant species. The distribution of B. dorsalis has been expanding owing to international trade and other human activities. B. dorsalis occurrence is strongly related to suitable overwintering conditions and distribution areas, but it is unclear where these seasonal and year-round suitable areas are. We used maximum entropy (MaxEnt) to predict the potential seasonal and year-round distribution areas of B. dorsalis. We also projected suitable habitat areas in 2040 and 2060 under global warming scenarios, such as SSP126 and SSP585. These models achieved AUC values of 0.860 and 0.956 for the seasonal and year-round scenarios, respectively, indicating their good prediction capabilities. The precipitation of the wettest month (Bio13) and the mean diurnal temperature range (Bio2) contributed 83.9% to the seasonal distribution prediction model. Bio2 and the minimum temperature of the coldest month (Bio6) provided important information related to the year-round distribution prediction. In future scenarios, the suitable area of B. dorsalis will increase and the range will expand northward. Four important temperate fruits, namely, apples, peaches, pears, and oranges, will be seriously threatened. The information from this study provides a useful reference for implementing improved population management strategies for B. dorsalis.
Language planning for diversity in foreign language education

ABSTRACT Studies in language policy and planning (LPP) for the teaching and learning of foreign languages have been under-represented in LPP scholarship. This under-representation is especially the case for studies of policy and planning for foreign languages other than English outside the English-speaking world. Foreign language education in much of the world has become synonymous with the teaching and learning of English, with other languages having at best a marginal position, especially in schools. This article presents an introduction to a thematic issue of Current Issues in Language Planning examining policies that seek to expand the diversity of foreign language education beyond its narrow focus on English.
CALIBRATION AND ECONOMETRIC RESEARCH: AN OVERVIEW

(1) In the earliest style, as exemplified in textbooks such as Johnston (1983), g(z,; 0) was conceived of as being set by some theoretical reasoning, while the error term became a random variable that was added on to account for the gap between theory and data. This rando variable was then endowed with certain properties, e.g. that it was independent of g(z,; 0), and special attention was paid to how to proceed if it should be serially correlated or heteroscedastic.
Study on the Current Status and Influencing Factors of Workplace Violence to Medical Staff in Intensive Care Units

Objective To explore the current status and influencing factors of workplace violence to medical staff in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods A total of 230 medical staff in the ICU of Hengyang city were enrolled as the research subjects between October 2021 and January 2022. The situations and characteristics of workplace violence were collected with questionnaires. The influencing factors of workplace violence were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results The incidence of workplace violence to ICU medical staff was 40.43%. There were 18.70% of them threatened, 13.48% with verbal violence, 10.00% with physical violence, and 7.39% with sexual harassment. Of the 114 workplace violence incidents, there were 69 (59.65%) during the day, 101 (88.60%) only with medical staff on the spot, and 91 (79.82%) with male perpetrators (mainly on patients and their families). The main reasons for violence were verbal miscommunication (15.79%), too long waiting time for treatment (27.19%), and unsatisfactory treatment effect (38.60%). The main coping style of medical staff after suffering violence was patient explanation (64.04%). Multivariate regression analysis showed that working years ≤5 years (OR = 2.093, P=0.009) and weekly working time >45 h (OR = 2.127, P=0.022) were independent risk factors of workplace violence to ICU medical staff. Conclusion The working years ≤5 years and weekly working time >45 h are high-risk factors of workplace violence to ICU medical staff. The hospital can prevent and control workplace violence based on the high-risk factors to reduce the incidence of workplace violence.