Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dietary patterns and nutritional adequacy among the youth (aged 15-24 years) in Ruaka-Nairobi and The Technical University of Kenya

Malnutrition, in all its forms, is a problem of global proportions and requires urgent action. In many parts of the world, most adolescents receive inadequate nutrients needed to meet the body’s daily requirements in terms of quantity, frequency, and quality to survive, grow and develop to their full potential. Food systems are therefore important in addressing problems of malnutrition, food insecurity and diet-related health problems. This study profiled the dietary patterns and nutrient adequacy of youths (aged 15-24 years) in Ruaka and The Technical University of Kenya using demographic questionnaires, food frequency questionnaires and a 24-h recall method. The study found that 17.6% of males and 13.0% of females skip their breakfast at least thrice a week due to too much time spent watching TV at night and waking up very late hence only having morning or afternoon snacks. In addition, many did not consume foods from at least four essential food groups according to the 24-h recall method. Thus, there is a need to educate youths and the society at large about healthy dietary patterns and the need to include at least four essential food groups in their meals in order to gain essential nutrients (both macronutrients and micronutrients) for healthy growth and development.
Testing and steady state modeling of a linear MR damper under sinusoidal loading

A linear magnetorheological (MR) damper, supplied by Lord Corporation, was tested and modeled. Under dynamic conditions, the effects of displacement amplitude, frequency, and magnetic fields on the mechanical properties of MR damper, such as damping force, equivalent-damping capability, were experimentally studied with an INSTRON test machine. A viscoelastic-plastic model is proposed to model the MR behavior. It is shown that the damper response can be satisfactorily predicted with this model.
Reduction of PMSM torque ripple caused by resolver position error

The resolver is mainly used to obtain position information when driving the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). A resolver generates periodic position errors owing to the transformer ratio difference and excitation signal distortion. When the vector control is done with the position information that includes position error, torque ripple is periodically generated. An algorithm is proposed that reduces torque ripple components by applying a simple torque ripple compensation method to the current controller.
Understanding gene regulatory mechanisms based on gene classification

The CpG dinucleotide and its methylation play vital roles in gene regulation as well as 3D genome organization. Previous studies have divided genes into several categories based on the CpG intensity around transcription starting sites (TSS) and found that housekeeping genes tend to possess high CpG density while tissue-specific genes are generally characterized by low CpG density. In this study, we investigated how the CpG density distribution of a gene affects its transcription and regulation pattern. Based on the CpG density distribution around TSS, the human genes are clearly divided into different categories. Not only sequence properties, these different clusters exhibited distinctly different structural features, regulatory mechanisms, and correlation patterns between expression level and CpG/TpG density. These results emphasized that the usage of epigenetic marks in gene regulation is partially rooted in the sequence property of genes, such as their CpG density distribution.
Frequency, territorial distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. on bovine cattle feces from the Altos Sur region of Jalisco State, Mexico

Multidrug resistance is a global public health problem. In 2017, in Mexico, Salmonella caused 192,771 foodborne zoonosis cases. Sonora, Hidalgo, Mexico State and Jalisco have reports of multi-resistant Salmonella strains in chicken and beef carcasses in slaughterhouses; however, the prevalence in livestock herds is unknown. From January 2012 to October 2013, 144 diarrheal stool samples were collected from bovine hatchlings from the Altos Sur region of the Jalisco State. As a result, the presence and serotype of Salmonella was determined, as well as the antibiotic resistance profile, and the genetic relationship, using PFGE. The Salmonella prevalence was 4.16 % (6/144) in feces, identifying the serotypes Anatum, Pullorum, Poona, Typhi, Gallinarum and Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae. All the strains showed resistance to ampicillin, cephalothin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and some of them, additionally, to amikacin, cefotaxime and/or ceftriaxone. In addition, the persistence and potential spread of two Salmonella Anatum strains was discovered in one herd. This is the first study conducted in neonate bovine in the Jalisco State, Mexico, to detect multidrug resistant Salmonella. Continuous monitoring of multi-drug resistance in animal biota for human food and ongoing training of veterinary doctors are key elements for efficient prophylaxis and antimicrobial pharmacotherapy.
Crash Injury Severity Prediction Using an Ordinal Classification Machine Learning Approach

In many related works, nominal classification algorithms ignore the order between injury severity levels and make sub-optimal predictions. Existing ordinal classification methods suffer rank inconsistency and rank non-monotonicity. The aim of this paper is to propose an ordinal classification approach to predict traffic crash injury severity and to test its performance over existing machine learning classification methods. First, we compare the performance of the neural network, XGBoost, and SVM classifiers in injury severity prediction. Second, we utilize a severity category-combination method with oversampling to relieve the class-imbalance problem prevalent in crash data. Third, we take advantage of probability calibration and the optimal probability threshold moving to improve the prediction ability of ordinal classification. The proposed approach can satisfy the rank consistency and rank monotonicity requirement and is proved to be superior to other ordinal classification methods and nominal classification machine learning by statistical significance test. Important factors relating to injury severity are selected based on their permutation feature importance scores. We find that converting severity levels into three classes, minor injury, moderate injury, and serious injury, can substantially improve the prediction precision.
Design and Application of New Merging Unit Based on Dual CPU

For the increasing development of smart grid and the basic requirements of smart substations for digital information, networked communication platform and standardized information sharing, it’s very necessary to do research on the merging unit, which is the important equipment in process layer of substations. In order to adapt to the development of smart substations, according to IEC61850-9-2 standards, a new merging unit based on dsPIC30F6014 and STM32F107 is designed in this paper and each function module is designed and analyzed. DsPIC is responsible for data receiving and processing and the controlling of logical state. STM32F107 is responsible for the synchronization of merging unit and Ethernet communication. Time-synchronization based on IEEE1588 precision time protocol is especially introduced in this paper.
A wideband imaging radar for through-the-wall surveillance

With sponsorship from the National Institute of Justice and the Air Force Research Laboratory, AKELA developed a brassboard imaging radar suitable for portable, fixed in place operation with a maximum range of 100 meters. Experiments demonstrated that the radar detects an individual at a range of 12 meters through three internal walls, at 40 meters through dense foliage, and forms images through reinforced concrete walls. We found, however, that to be operationally practical, it would be necessary to increase the speed of the radar and display processing, and to develop a more robust imaging antenna array. A second generation radar imaging system is currently under development. The radar is frequency agile operating between 500 MHz and 2 GHz, has a maximum range of 250 meters, forms images at 10 frames per second, and uses a random array of antennas to improve image resolution and reduce ghosts.
Towards distributed ATR using subjective logic combination rules with a swarm of UAVs

In this paper, we present our initial findings demonstrating a cost-effective approach to Aided Target Recognition (ATR) employing a swarm of inexpensive Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). We call our approach Distributed ATR (DATR). Our paper describes the utility of DATR for autonomous UAV operations, provides an overview of our methods, and the results of our initial simulation-based implementation and feasibility study. Our technology is aimed towards small and micro UAVs where platform restrictions allow only a modest quality camera and limited on-board computational capabilities. It is understood that an inexpensive sensor coupled with limited processing capability would be challenged in deriving a high probability of detection (Pd) while maintaining a low probability of false alarms (Pfa). Our hypothesis is that an evidential reasoning approach to fusing the observations of multiple UAVs observing approximately the same scene can raise the Pd and lower the Pfa sufficiently in order to provide a cost-effective ATR capability. This capability can lead to practical implementations of autonomous, coordinated, multi-UAV operations. In our system, the live video feed from a UAV is processed by a lightweight real-time ATR algorithm. This algorithm provides a set of possible classifications for each detected object over a possibility space defined by a set of exemplars. The classifications for each frame within a short observation interval (a few seconds) are used to generate a belief statement. Our system considers how many frames in the observation interval support each potential classification. A definable function transforms the observational data into a belief value. The belief value, or opinion, represents the UAV's belief that an object of the particular class exists in the area covered during the observation interval. The opinion is submitted as evidence in an evidential reasoning system. Opinions from observations over the same spatial area will have similar index values in the evidence cache. The evidential reasoning system combines observations of similar spatial indexes, discounting older observations based upon a parameterized information aging function. We employ Subjective Logic operations in the discounting and combination of opinions. The result is the consensus opinion from all observations that an object of a given class exists in a given region.
Influence of Localized Muscle Fatigue of the Knee Joint on Gait Parameters Related to Slip Propensity

Existing epidemiological evidence suggests that localized muscle fatigue might be considered as an intrinsic risk factor that causes lack of balance control leading to falls. The goal of the study was to examine how localized muscle fatigue of the knee joint (quadriceps) alters gait parameters that are related to slip propensity. Sixteen healthy young participants were recruited to walk across a vinyl floor surface in two different sessions (Fatigue and No fatigue). Kinematic and kinetic data were collected using a three-dimensional video analysis system and force plates during both sessions. The fatigue session results indicated a substantial increase in heel contact velocity (HCV) and required coefficient of friction (RCOF), as well as a decrease in the transitional acceleration of the whole body COM (TA), walking velocity (WV), and step length (SL). In addition, a positive correlation was observed between RCOF and HCV. These findings provide new insights into the biomechanical relationship between localized muscular fatigue and gait parameters linked with slip propensity. The study concluded that localized muscular fatigue affects gait parameters and hence can be considered as a potential risk factor for slip-induced falls.
Transient analysis of coaxial cables using the skin effect approximation A+Bsqrt{s}

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the utility of the function A +B \sqrt{s} for approximating the coaxial line series impedance (skin effect) in applications to transient analysis. The time domain response expansions of Holt are modified in terms of two adjustable parameters which replace the physical parameters R and K . The modified expansions are truncated to yield condensed expressions useful for analysis and design. Two types of terminations are considered: 1) nonreflective, terminated in the characteristic impedance Z_{0}(s) , and 2) doubly reflective, sending and receiving ends each terminated in the nominal characteristic impedance R_{0} = \lim_{s \rightarrow \infty} Z_{0}(s) = \sqrt{L/C} . Experimental data are presented on the frequency and time domain insertion responses of three commercial cables: RG 5B/U-68.6 m (225 ft), RG 21/U-96.8 m (317 ft), and RG 58A/U-137 m (450 ft). Theoretical and experimental time domain responses for the sending- and receiving-end voltages are compared over the time interval from the order of 10 ns to that of 10 \mu s. It is demonstrated that the parameters A and B can be adjusted to provide functions of time which closely approximate the actual time domain response over different intervals.
Thermal regimes of HTS cylinders operating in devices for fault current limitation

We reveal obstacles related to the application of HTS cylinders in current limiting devices based on the superconducting–normal state transition. It is shown that, at the critical current density achieved presently in bulk materials, and especially in BSCCO-2212, the required thickness of the cylinder wall in a full-scale inductive device is several centimetres. A simple mathematical model of the operation of an inductive fault current limiter (FCL) is used to show that such cylinders cannot be cooled in an admissible time after a fault clearing and, hence, the inductive FCLs and current-limiting transformers employing BSCCO cylinders do not return to the normal operation in the time required. For the recovery even with a non-current pause in the circuit, cylinders are needed with a critical current density an order of magnitude higher than the existing one.
Discussion of "Regenerating-mode low-speed operation of sensorless induction motor drive with adaptive observer" [and closure]

M. Depenbrock and A. Steimel comment on the paper by H. Kubota et al. (see ibid., vol.38, p.1081-6, 2002), pointing out that some of the problems to be solved have already had solutions published, one of which is protected by a German Patent. H. Kubota replies to the comments.
Fast prototyping using a dry film photoresist: microfabrication of soft-lithography masters for microfluidic structures

Etertec HQ-6100 dry film photoresist was used in this work to fabricate soft-lithography masters applied to microfluidic applications. We demonstrated that the use of this photoresist was a convenient alternative to conventional microfabrication approaches based on DRIE and liquid photoresists for fast-prototyping of microfluidic structures. Our method was at least two times faster than conventional processes and required limited investment for equipments. Finally, this approach was applied to the design and fabrication of microfluidic networks used for gradient generation in bulk solution.
Market weight, slaughter age, and yield grade to determine economic carcass traits and primal cuts yield of Hanwoo beef

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship among market weight, slaughter age, yield grade, and primal cut yield in Hanwoo. A total of 403 Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) was assessed for carcass traits such as carcass cold weight, backfat thickness, ribeye area, dressing percentage, yield index, and marbling score. The production yield of the individual major primal cuts of Hanwoo beef was also measured. Carcass cold weight, ribeye area, and backfat thickness, which affect meat quality increased with increased market weight (p < 0.05). The production yield of the ten major primal cuts also increased with increased market weight (p < 0.05). In terms of slaughter age, carcass cold weight, ribeye area, and backfat thickness all increased from 25 months to 28–29 months, and the production yield of all prime cuts also increased with increasing slaughter age. According to the meat yield grade, carcass cold weight and backfat thickness increased from grade A to grade C, although the ribeye area was not affected. The combined findings of the study suggest that slaughtering Hanwoo at the weight of 651–700 kg and 701–750 and age of 28.23 and 29.83 months could be desirable to achieve the best quality and quantity grade of Hanwoo beef. However, the positive correlation of carcass cold weight and backfat thickness, and the negative correlation of the yield index according to primal cuts yield indicated that it is necessary to couple the slaughtering management of cattle with improved genetic and breeding method of Hanwoo to increase the production yield of the major prime cuts of Hanwoo beef.
Estimating the urban metabolism of Canadian cities: Greater Toronto Area case study

An urban metabolism analysis is a means of quantifying the overall fluxes of energy, water, material, and wastes into and out of an urban region. Analysis of urban metabolism can provide important information about energy efficiency, material cycling, waste management, and infrastructure in urban systems. This paper presents the first urban metabolism of a Canadian urban region, and possibly the first for a North American city. It also makes a first attempt at comparing the urban metabolisms of a few cities worldwide. The most noticeable feature of the Greater Toronto Area metabolism is that inputs have generally increased at higher rates than outputs over the study years (1987 and 1999). The inputs of water and electricity have increased marginally less than the rate of population growth (25.6%), and estimated inputs for food and gasoline have increased by marginally greater percentages than the population. With the exception of CO2 emissions, the measured output parameters are growing slower than the po.
Two-dimensional finite element river morphology model

We report the development and application of a river morphology model based on the two-dimensional depth-averaged hydrodynamic model River2D. This new movable bed version of River2D was applied to simulate the bed elevation changes in four experiments: bed aggradation due to sediment overload, bed degradation by sediment supply shut-off, knickpoint migration, and bar formation in a variable-width channel. Some conditions in these experiments involved quick changes in the upstream boundary conditions, rapidly varied flow, supercritical flow, hydraulic jumps, and secondary flows. The results of the model agreed well with measured data. Notable features of the model are the use of a flexible unstructured mesh based on triangular finite elements to provide higher spatial resolution in areas of interest and transcritical flow capabilities to simulate supercritical flow and hydraulic jumps over movable beds. Key words: numerical modeling, rivers, scour, sedimentation, two-dimensional, finite elements.
Highly miniaturised Wilkinson power divider employing π-type multiple coupled microstrip line structure

Using a /spl pi/-type multiple coupled microstrip line structure, a highly miniaturised Wilkinson power divider is fabricated. The line length of the power divider was reduced to about /spl lambda//44, and its size was 37% of a conventional Wilkinson power divider. The novel power divider showed good RF performances in S/C band.
Herbivore management for biodiversity conservation: A case study of kangaroos in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT)

Populations of macropods are higher than estimated pre-European densities in many parts of Australia. To achieve appropriate densities of macropods in the Australian Capital Territory ’ s nature reserves, multi-tenure kangaroo management units are used to tailor management of kangaroos and total grazing pressure to achieve conservation objectives. An adaptive management framework is recommended that monitors the state of the ground-layer vegetation and alters the cull accordingly. This case study may provide insights for kangaroo management in other temperate areas of Australia.
Noise-Robust Voice Activity Detector Based on Four States-Based HMM

Voice activity detection (VAD) is more and more essential in the noisy environments to provide an accuracy performance in the speech recognition. In this paper, we provide a method based on left-right hidden Markov model (HMM) to identify the start and end of the speech. The method builds two models of non-speech and speech instead of existed two states, formally, each model could include several states, we also analysis other features, such as pitch index, pitch magnitude and fractal dimension of speech and non-speech. We compare the VAD results with the proposed algorithm and two states HMM. Experiments show that the proposed method make a better performance than two states HMMs in VAD, especially in the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment.
C57BL/6 Background Attenuates mHTT Toxicity in the Striatum of YAC128 Mice

Mouse models are frequently used to study Huntington’s disease (HD). The onset and severity of neuronal and behavioral pathologies vary greatly between HD mouse models, which results from different huntingtin expression levels and different CAG repeat length. HD pathology appears to depend also on the strain background of mouse models. Thus, behavioral deficits of HD mice are more severe in the FVB than in the C57BL/6 background. Alterations in medium spiny neuron (MSN) morphology and function have been well documented in young YAC128 mice in the FVB background. Here, we tested the relevance of strain background for mutant huntingtin (mHTT) toxicity on the cellular level by investigating HD pathologies in YAC128 mice in the C57BL/6 background (YAC128/BL6). Morphology, spine density, synapse function and membrane properties were not or only subtly altered in MSNs of 12-month-old YAC128/BL6 mice. Despite the mild cellular phenotype, YAC128/BL6 mice showed deficits in motor performance. More pronounced alterations in MSN function were found in the HdhQ150 mouse model in the C57BL/6 background (HdhQ150/BL6). Consistent with the differences in HD pathology, the number of inclusion bodies was considerably lower in YAC128/BL6 mice than HdhQ150/BL6 mice. This study highlights the relevance of strain background for mHTT toxicity in HD mouse models.
From mine to ours: a dynamic process model in developing ethical culture – the case of Alibaba

ABSTRACT Organizational culture (including ethical culture) is argued to be greatly influenced by the founder or leader of the organization. However, little is known about how a founder takes procedural steps to transmit his or her personal ethical values to the whole organization. Based on an in-depth case study of Alibaba, a Chinese internet-based company, this research develops a process model to uncover the dynamics of developing an ethical organizational culture. The model articulates four mechanisms in four processes adopted by both the leaders and followers. The analysis shows that the development of an ethical culture is nonlinear and interactional, and that the founder and subordinates play different roles in the various phases of the development of an ethical culture.