Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutrição materna e sexo fetal sobre o desenvolvimento pré-natal de bovinos mestiços Holandês × Gir

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of maternal feeding level and fetal gender on the skeletal muscle development of bovine fetuses throughout different stages of gestation. Fourty-four multiparous, dry Holstein × Gyr cows with average initial body weight of 480 ± 10 kg were fed either restricted feeding at 1.15% of body weight (CO, n=24) or ad libitum (ON, n=20) with the same diet. The diet was composed by corn silage (93%) and concentrate (7%). Eleven cows of each dietary treatment were slaughtered at 139, 199, 241 and 268 days of gestation and fetuses necropsied to evaluate the development of fetal muscle. The fetal sex effect was also considered in a 2×2×4 factorial, with two maternal nutrition (MN) levels, two fetal sex and four time points of gestation (DG). Cows final weight was higher (P<0.001) in ON cows than in CO cows. Modifications in gene expression of skeletal muscle of fetuses were observed in function of MN, fetal sex and DG despite the lack of effect of MN (P=0.330) and fetal sex (P=0.518) on fetal weight at necropsy. The muscle mRNA expression of myogenic markers -Catenin and MyoD was greater in male than in female fetuses, as well the expression of all adipogenic markers evaluated (Zfp423, C/EBPα and PPAR ), three of the four fibrogenic markers evaluated (Collagen I, Collagen III and Fibronectin) and the number of myocytes in muscle. However, there were no differences of fetal sex on phenotypic indicators of adipogenesis and fibrogenesis. Marginal effects of MN were observed on mRNA expression as well in the phenotypic indicators of myogenesis, adipogenesis and fibrogenesis in skeletal muscle of cattle fetuses. Some interactions among MN and fetal sex with DG were observed for gene expression and phenotypic evidence. At the midgestation (139 DG) -Catenin expression and myocytes number were greater in ON than in CO fetuses and in males than in females, but these differences were not observed at subsequent stages of gestation. The same pattern of results were observed for the adipogenic markers Zfp423 and PPAR , which were greater expressed in ON than in CO fetuses at 139 but not in others DG. Fat content of fetal muscle, however, was not affected by MN and fetal sex. Almost all myogenic,
Coordinated Page Prefetch and Eviction for Memory Oversubscription Management in GPUs

The adoption of unified memory and demand paging has simplified programming and eased memory management in discrete GPUs. However, long-latency page faults cause significant performance overhead. While several software-based mechanisms have been proposed to address this issue, they suffer from inefficiency when page prefetching and pre-eviction are combined. For example, a state-of-the-art page replacement policy, hierarchical page eviction (HPE), is inefficient when prefetching is enabled. Furthermore, the prefetcher semantics-aware pre-evicting policy, which pre-evicts continuous pages in bulk the way they were brought in by the prefetcher, may cause thrashing for some irregular applications.In this paper, coordinated page prefetch and eviction (CPPE) is proposed to manage memory oversubscription in GPUs with unified memory. CPPE incorporates a modified page eviction policy, MHPE, and an access pattern-aware prefetcher in a fine-grained manner: MHPE is aware of prefetch semantics and the prefetcher prefetches pages according to access patterns in eviction candidates selected by MHPE. Simulation results show that, when the GPU memory is 75% and 50% oversubscribed, CPPE achieves an average speedup of 1.56x and 1.64x (up to 10.97x) over the state-of-the-art baseline, which combines a sequential-local prefetcher and LRU pre-eviction policy. CPPE also outperforms other approaches, including Random/reserved LRU with the sequential-local prefetcher, and simply disabling prefetching under memory oversubscription.
Enhanced 3DTV Regularization and Its Applications on HSI Denoising and Compressed Sensing

The total variation (TV) is a powerful regularization term encoding the local smoothness prior structure underlying images. By combining the TV regularization term with low rank prior, the 3D total variation (3DTV) regularizer has achieved advanced performance in general hyperspectral image (HSI) processing tasks. Intrinsically, 3DTV assumes i.i. d. sparsity structures on all bands of the gradient maps calculated along the spectrum and space of an HSI. This, however, largely deviates from the real-world cases, where the gradient maps generally have different while correlated gradient map structures across all bands. To alleviate this issue, we propose an enhanced 3DTV (E-3DTV) regularization term beyond the conventional. Instead of imposing sparsity on gradient maps themselves, the new term calculates sparsity on the subspace bases on gradient maps along all bands of an HSI, which naturally encodes the correlation and difference among all these bands, and thus more faithfully reflects the insightful configurations of an HSI. The E-3DTV term can easily replace the conventional 3DTV term and be embedded into an HSI processing model to ameliorate its performance. We made such attempts on two typical related tasks: HSI denoising and compressed sensing. The superiority of our proposed method is substantiated by extensive experiments on synthetic and real HSI data, visually and quantitatively on both tasks, as compared with current state-of-the-arts. The code of our algorithm is released at https://github.com/andrew-pengjj/Enhanced-3DTV.git.
Field and Laboratory Studies of the Thermal Relations of Hatchling Western Gulls

Field and laboratory studies were undertaken on thermoregulatory capabilities during the first 24 h after hatching in chicks of the western gull (Larus occidentalis wymani). Body temperatures (Tb) of 12 such hatchlings brooded in their nests on San Nicolas Island, California, averaged 38.0 ± 0.60 SE C between 0900 and 2000 h. Hatchlings unprotected by a parent heated rapidly (up to 1 C/min) in the midday sun and commenced panting at Tb > 40 C. Panting did not stabilize Tb, and coordination and equilibrium were lost at 44–45 C. One chick recovered from a Tb of 46.2 C. Still higher Tb could develop with prolonged exposure to direct sunlight. Unlike new hatchlings, unprotected older chicks (≥ 15 h) moved to the shelter provided by vegetation when risk developed of overheating in the sun. Unbrooded hatchlings (>24 h) became hypothermic at night with air and soil temperatures of 16–17 C. Laboratory observations indicated that chicks in this age class can tolerate Tb as low as 14-18 C. Body temperatures at which various motor patterns reappear during passive rewarming from such Tb were determined. During the first day after hatching, western gulls have insulative capacities below those anticipated for adult birds of similar size, despite the seemingly luxuriant character of the chicks' down. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) for the western gull hatchlings (mean body mass, 58.0 g) is 8.26 mW.g⁻¹, which approximates values predicted for an adult nonpasserine bird of similar size. These less than 1-day-old chicks can increase metabolic rate to 1.9 X BMR at cooler ambient temperatures (Ta). They increase evaporative cooling at 42.9-44.0 C sufficiently to dissipate the heat produced in metabolism. Parental attentiveness normally prevents large fluctuations of Tb Of hatchling gulls under cool Ta at night or direct insolation during the day. Such protection is especially important during the latter period, owing to the relatively narrow interval between normal and upper lethal Tb for these young chicks.
FreeDoM: Training-Free Energy-Guided Conditional Diffusion Model

Recently, conditional diffusion models have gained popularity in numerous applications due to their exceptional generation ability. However, many existing methods are training-required. They need to train a time-dependent classifier or a condition-dependent score estimator, which increases the cost of constructing conditional diffusion models and is inconvenient to transfer across different conditions. Some current works aim to overcome this limitation by proposing training-free solutions, but most can only be applied to a specific category of tasks and not to more general conditions. In this work, we propose a training-Free conditional Diffusion Model (FreeDoM) used for various conditions. Specifically, we leverage off-the-shelf pretrained networks, such as a face detection model, to construct time-independent energy functions, which guide the generation process without requiring training. Furthermore, because the construction of the energy function is very flexible and adaptable to various conditions, our proposed FreeDoM has a broader range of applications than existing training-free methods. FreeDoM is advantageous in its simplicity, effectiveness, and low cost. Experiments demonstrate that FreeDoM is effective for various conditions and suitable for diffusion models of diverse data domains, including image and latent code domains. Code is available at https://github.com/vvictoryuki/FreeDoM.
Pseudocyphellaria crocata (Ascomycota: Lobariaceae) in the Americas is revealed to be thirteen species, and none of them is P. crocata

Abstract We provide a phylogenetic revision of the Pseudocyphellaria crocata complex in the Americas. Specimens traditionally identified as P. crocata, based on their cyanobacterial photobiont, yellow pseudocyphellae, at least partially white medulla, and yellow soralia or soralia-like structures, are shown to represent 13 distinct species, forming a monophyletic group divided into four large clades, three comprising one species each and one containing eight species, plus two taxa for which no molecular data are available. Seven species correspond to what was previously recognized as P. crocata and one to P. dozyana, whereas a further one is identified as the sorediate counterpart of the usually apotheciate taxon P. lechleri and another as a pseudosorediate morph of the usually phyllidiate species P. neglecta. Surprisingly, none of the species represents P. crocata s.str. , which must therefore be excluded from the American lichen biota. The 13 recognized species include three species new to science and three new combinations: P. citrina (Gyeln.) Lücking, Moncada & S.Stenroos, comb. nov. [bas. : Cyanisticta citrina Gyeln. , nom. nov. pro Sticta citrina Pers. nom. illeg. ], P. desfontainii (Delise) Vain. , P. deyi Lücking, sp. nov., P. dozyana (Mont. & Bosch) D.J.Galloway, P. epiflavoides (Gyeln.) Lücking, Farkas & Lőkös, comb. nov. [bas. : Cyanisticta epiflavoides Gyeln. ], P. hawaiiensis H.Magn. , P. hillii (C.W.Dodge) D.J.Galloway, P. holarctica McCune, Lücking & Moncada, sp. nov., P. lechleri (Müll. Arg.) Du Rietz, P. neglecta (Müll. Arg.) H.Magn. , P. punctata Lendemer, Lücking & Moncada sp. nov., P. sandwicensis (Zahlbr.) Moncada & Lücking, comb. nov. [bas. : Sticta crocata f. sandwicensis Zahlbr. ], and P. xanthosticta (Pers.) Moncada & Lücking. Based on sequenced specimens, a neotype is selected for P. citrina and epitypes for P. hawaiiensis, P. lechleri, P. sandwicensis and P. xanthosticta. A key to all sorediate or pseudosorediate species of this complex in the Americas is presented, and all species are described, discussed and illustrated.
Morphology and phylogeny of an unarmored dinoflagellate, Karlodinium jejuense sp. nov. (Gymnodiniales), isolated from the northern East China Sea

An unarmored dinoflagellate, Karlodinium jejuense sp. nov., was isolated from the northern East China Sea. The species was characterized by light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy of laboratory cultures, as well as SSU rDNA, ITS region (ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2) and LSU rDNA gene sequences. Cells were ellipsoid to oval, small‐sized, 9.9–16.0 μm in length and 6.2–12.7 μm in width. The chloroplasts were 7–10 in number and yellow‐green in color. The central nucleus was large, located in the center of the cell. The linear apical groove with outward thick rolled margins was very short, and there was no ventral pore. Small pores were irregularly distributed on the cell surface. The amphiesmal vesicles were hexagonal and pentagonal. Karlodinium jejuense was morphologically similar to K. ballantinum but differed in cell surface characteristics and swimming pattern. The partial LSU sequence of K. jejuense differed by 3.7–4.1% from that of K. ballantinum. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of multi‐gene sequences revealed that K. jejuense was an independent species nested within the Karlodinium clade. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial LSU rDNA gene sequences indicated that K. jejuense was most closely related to K. gentienii and K. ballantinum.
Metal Sulfide Complexes and Clusters

In this chapter we show that 1. Metal sulfide complexes and clusters enhance the solubility of metal sulfide minerals in natural aqueous systems, explaining the transport of metals in sulfidic solutions and driving the biology and ecology of some systems. 2. There is little or no evidence for the composition or structure of many of the metal sulfide complexes proposed in the geochemical and environmental literature. 3. Voltammetry appears to be a powerful tool in providing additional evidence about the composition of metal sulfide complexes and clusters which complements the increasing use of techniques such as UV-VIS, Raman and IR spectroscopy, EXAFS, XANES and mass spectrometry. 4. Many of the stability constants for metal sulfide complexes are very uncertain because of the lack of independent evidence for their existence. 5. Experimental measurements of metal sulfide complex stability constants is constrained by the lack of knowledge about the composition, structure and behavior of, often nanoparticulate, low temperature metal sulfide precipitates. 6. The competitive kinetics of metal sulfide complex and cluster formation in complicated natural sulfidic systems contributes to the distribution of metals in the environment. 7. The mechanisms of the formation of metal sulfide complexes and clusters provide basic information about the mechanism of formation of metal sulfide minerals and explain the stabilities and compositions of the complexes and clusters. 8. There appears to be a continuum between metal sulfide complexes, metal sulfide clusters and metal sulfide solids. 9. The nature of the first-formed metal sulfide mineral, which is often metastable, can be largely determined by the structure of the metal sulfide cluster in solution. The metal chemistry of anoxic systems is dominated by reactions with reduced sulfur species. These reduced sulfur systems presently characterize the Earth’s subsurface and are occasionally important in marine and freshwater systems. In the first half of Earth history, of course, the surface environments were …
Comparison of Low DC Current Traceability Methods and Gas Capacitors AC–DC Dependence

This article compares two instruments for the traceable measurement of dc low currents, a custom capacitance–voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C\text{-} V$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) source and the ultrastable low-current amplifier (ULCA), a commercial precision transresistance amplifier. The instruments are calibrated through independent traceability routes. The comparison base relative accuracy is in the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-6}\! -\! 10^{-5}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> range. Differences between the two instrument readings, in the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-5}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> range, are interpreted as an effect of the frequency dependence of the capacitor employed in the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C\text{-} V$ </tex-math></inline-formula> source. Such frequency dependence can also affect primary metrology experiments in other fields.
Removal of microcystin variants with powdered activated carbon

Hepatotoxic microcystins resulting from cyanobacteria blooms occur in drinking water sources worldwide. Their removal in the water treatment process is essential if safe drinking water is to be produced. The presence of microcystins in raw water is problematic to the water treatment plant operator, as they are not removed by conventional water treatment practices (coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and filtration). Powdered activated carbon (PAC) has been shown to have the potential to remove microcystin-LR; however, its success is dependent on the application of a sufficient dose for the production of water that is safe to consume. Currently there is no method available for determining PAC doses for the removal of microcystin-LR and little information exists on the removal of other microcystin analogues. In previous work the Homogeneous Surface Diffusion Model (HSDM) was successfully used to predict the adsorption of earthy-musty tastes and odours onto PAC. In this study, adsorption experiments were performed to determine whether the HSDM could be applied to two microcystin analogues: microcystin-LR (mLR) and microcystin-LA (mLA). The HSDM was used to predict the kinetics of mLR and mLA adsorption onto a wood-based PAC from a spiked sample of reservoir water. From this information PAC doses required to remove the toxic compounds were predicted for a range of conditions. These two variants were more difficult to remove than microcystin-RR (mRR) and microcystin-YR (mYR). The ease of removal was found to be in the following order: mRR > mYR > mLR > mLA.
Agricultural subsidies in the WTO green box : ensuring coherence with sustainable development goals

1. Overview Christophe Bellmann and Jonathan Hepburn Part I. The Recent Evolution of Agricultural Trade Policy Reform: 2. The historical context of the green box Nestor Stancanelli 3. Doha Round negotiations on the green box, and beyond Jonathan Hepburn and Christophe Bellmann 4. The reform of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy Alan Swinbank 5. Farm policy reform in the US: past progress and future direction David Orden 6. Agricultural trade policy reform in Japan Masayoshi Honma Part II. The Focus, Extent and Economic Impact of Green Box Subsidies: 7. Agricultural support in the green box: an analysis of EU, US and Japanese green box spending Jesus Anton 8. Green box subsidies and trade-distorting support: is there a cumulative impact? Carlos Galperin and Ivana Doporto Miguez 9. The distributional structure of green box subsidies in the European Union and France Vincent Chatellier 10. The distributional structure of US green box subsidies Harry de Gorter Part III. Green Box Subsidies and Developing Countries: 11. Agricultural subsidies in the WTO green box: opportunities and challenges for developing countries Andre Nassar, Maria Elba Rodriguez-Alcala and Cinthia C. Costa 12. Use of green box measures by developing countries: an assessment Biswajit Dhar 13. A Chinese perspective on the green box Jianmin Xie 14. African countries and the green box Abena Oduro Part IV. Green Box Subsidies and the Environment: 15. The environmental impact of green box subsidies: exploring the linkages Ron Steenblik and Charles Tsai 16. The environmental impact of European Union green box subsidies Ariel Brunner and Harry Huyton 17. The environmental impact of US green box subsidies Jane Earley 18. Biofuels subsidies and the green box Tim Josling, Freeman Spogli and David Blandford Part V. Looking Forward: How Can Change Take Place? : 19. Improving monitoring and surveillance of green box subsidies Andrea Cerda 20. Subsidy reform in the EU context: options for achieving change Teresa Cavero 21. Subsidy reform in the US context: deviating from decoupling Ann Tutwiler 22. Subsidy reform in Japan: options for achieving change Kazuhito Yamashita 23. Towards a green box subsidy regime that promotes sustainable development: strategies for achieving change Pedro de Camargo Neto and Renato Henz.
ON THE FACTOR OF SAFETY IN REINFORCED STEEP SLOPES

U.S. national design guidelines distinguish between slopes and walls using the face angle as an arbitrary criterion. Angles less then 70 deg render reinforced slopes whereas steeper angles render reinforced walls. While the expected performance of reinforced walls and slopes may be different, the basic stability analyses should be the same. However, because of historical reasons, the evolution of design for either type of structure followed a different path. As a result, the outcome of analyzing a particular reinforced soil structure will be different when slope stability analysis or wall analysis are employed. This disagreement exists even near 70 deg where the two structures are basically classified as either walls or slopes. In fact, current slope stability approach yields much more conservative designs as compared with wall analysis. This is contrary to performance expectations that are normally stricter for reinforced walls. This paper suggests a basic step linking the two types of structures. Historical evolution of designs produced a non-rational difference in the definition of the factor of safety used in geosynthetic-reinforced walls and slopes. It is suggested to use the same definition; this definition has proven to yield safe wall structures for three decades. Parametric studies indicate that use of the new factor of safety in slopes may result in significant reduction of required strength and length. That is, strength may be reduced by a factor of two or more while length may be reduced by 30% or much more.
SUSTAINABLE TIMBER USE IN THE AUSTRALIAN HOUSING MARKET: ARE CONSUMERS WILLING TO PAY THE PRICE?

A large proportion of traditional Australian homes contained timber floors and timber exterior cladding until the advent of the standard concrete slab/brick veneer house. Up to 95% of new homes are built by project home companies and the majority of these contain an external envelope consisting of concrete flooring, clay brick walls and concrete tile or steel sheet roofing. This design is currently driven by consumer’s expectation of low cost, durable homes that are completed within restricted time limits. There is now a price premium on bespoke housing projects that differ materially or otherwise from a limited set of designs offered by project home firms. The adoption of concrete and brick homes originated from a perceived advantage of longevity, low maintenance and thermal comfort. Innovation in wood treatments, wood protection and insulation has provided solutions to these issues so that timber is now a viable option with added benefits such as environmental sustainability and erection speed. Australian consumers have a growing awareness and desire to live in a way that is sustainable and are making choices that reflect this attitude. This has been demonstrated through the high adoption rate of recent government-supported schemes such as subsidized insulation and solar panel installation. This paper aims at investigating homeowner’s perception of timber as a sustainable building product, the desire of homeowners to use sustainable building products, and the willingness of homeowners to pay a premium to live sustainably. This paper highlights Australian homeowners reluctance to use the most sustainable building materials even when they are willing to pay for a more environmentally sustainable home. This paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey to homeowners in the city of Sydney, New South