Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimality of private quantum channels

We addressed the question of optimality of private quantum channels. We have shown that the Shannon entropy of the classical key necessary to securely transfer the quantum information is lower bounded by the entropy exchange of the private quantum channel and the von Neumann entropy of the ciphertext state ϱ(0). Based on these bounds we have shown that decomposition of private quantum channels into orthogonal unitaries (if they exist) optimizes the entropy. For non-ancillary single-qubit PQC we have derived the optimal entropy for the arbitrary set of plaintexts. In particular, we have shown that except when the (closure of the) set of plaintexts contains all states, one bit key is sufficient. We characterized and analysed all the possible single-qubit private quantum channels for an arbitrary set of plaintexts. For the set of plaintexts consisting of all qubit states we have characterized all possible approximate private quantum channels and we have derived the relation between the security parameter and the corresponding minimal entropy.
2nd Quarter Summer Issue Apr 1 to June 30

The research, implementation and development of the project worked on throughout the program deals with OpenVAS technology in relation to computer security. The overall purpose of our research is to see how this open - source tool is used to be able to scan networks and devices for vulnerabilities. Through the use of Virtual machines given to us from EC2 instances on amazon, we ’ ve been able to install OpenVAS for scanning machines as well as using another virtual machine to be able to install vulnerabilities for testing. The major findings uncovered throughout this project has been how OpenVAS can be used to generate a report on IP scans of a machine. The report given after successfully configuring a scan is able to give key data points to see how severe vulnerabilities on that IP are. The report can then give information on how to fix these vulnerabilities on a computer and can lessen the risk of one of these vulnerabilities being exploited by a hacker. On a larger scale, this tool can be used to ensure the safety of assets in a network and can ensure that the cyberspace is secure.
Preoperative Reading Efficiency as a Predictor of Adult Cochlear Implant Outcomes

Hypotheses 1) Scores of reading efficiency (the Test of Word Reading Efficiency, second edition) obtained in adults before cochlear implant surgery will be predictive of speech recognition outcomes 6 months after surgery; and 2) Cochlear implantation will lead to improvements in language processing as measured through reading efficiency from preimplantation to postimplantation. Background Adult cochlear implant (CI) users display remarkable variability in speech recognition outcomes. “Top-down” processing—the use of cognitive resources to make sense of degraded speech—contributes to speech recognition abilities in CI users. One area that has received little attention is the efficiency of lexical and phonological processing. In this study, a visual measure of word and nonword reading efficiency—relying on lexical and phonological processing, respectively—was investigated for its ability to predict CI speech recognition outcomes, as well as to identify any improvements after implantation. Methods Twenty-four postlingually deaf adult CI candidates were tested on the Test of Word Reading Efficiency, Second Edition preoperatively and again 6 months post-CI. Six-month post-CI speech recognition measures were also assessed across a battery of word and sentence recognition. Results Preoperative nonword reading scores were moderately predictive of sentence recognition outcomes, but real word reading scores were not; word recognition scores were not predicted by either. No 6-month post-CI improvement was demonstrated in either word or nonword reading efficiency. Conclusion Phonological processing as measured by the Test of Word Reading Efficiency, Second Edition nonword reading predicts to a moderate degree 6-month sentence recognition outcomes in adult CI users. Reading efficiency did not improve after implantation, although this could be because of the relatively short duration of CI use.
SINGLE OR DOUBLE DEGENERATE PROGENITORS? SEARCHING FOR SHOCK EMISSION IN THE SDSS-II TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE

From the set of nearly 500 spectroscopically confirmed Type Ia supernovae (SNe) and around 10,000 unconfirmed candidates from SDSS-II, we select a subset of 108 confirmed SNe Ia with well-observed early-time light curves to search for signatures from shock interaction of the SN with a companion star. No evidence for shock emission is seen; however, the cadence and photometric noise could hide a weak shock signal. We simulate shocked light curves using SN Ia templates and a simple Gaussian shock model to emulate the noise properties of the SDSS-II sample and estimate the detectability of the shock interaction signal as a function of shock amplitude, shock width, and shock fraction. We find no direct evidence for shock interaction in the rest-frame B-band, but place an upper limit on the shock amplitude at 9% of SN peak flux (MB> − 16.6 mag). If the single degenerate channel dominates type Ia progenitors, this result constrains the companion stars to be less than about 6 M☉ on the main sequence and strongly disfavors red giant companions.
SPEECH MODELING USING SPARSE AUTOENCODERS

Dictionary learning and shallow overcomplete autoencoders with (cid:96) 1 -norm penalty imposed on the hidden unit activations exhibit similar mathematical properties, sharing the same goal of projecting data in high dimensional spaces. Exploiting this connection and starting from a state-of-the-art lattice-free MMI (LF-MMI) speech recognition system on the AMI corpus, we investigate different ways to further improve this baseline system by projecting the acoustic model output features in higher dimensional sparse representation spaces. While the resulting recognition system seems to leverage at the baseline performance, we observe that higher dimensional sparse representation space is able to catch correlations among senone units. Detailed analysis and discussions are provided in the paper.
Relationships between in vitro rooting treatments, rooting parameters and acclimatization survival of pineapple Relationships between in vitro rooting treatments, rooting parameters and acclimatization survival of pineapple ( Ananas comosus L. Merr)

Three experiments were used to investigate relationship between in vitro rooting treatments (medium states; solid, liquid, IBA concentrations; 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mg/l, incubation periods; 30, 45, 60 and 75 days), rooting parameters (plantlet height, root number), polyethylene cover and pineapple plantlets survival of acclimatization. Data analysis showed no significant difference between survival of plantlets rooted in solid versus liquid (t≤0.331), IBA contained versus IBA devoid (t≤0.241) medium, rooted versus rootless shoots (t≤0.453) and between plantlets rooted in different concentration of IBA (p≤0.828). The survival was mainly affected by plantlets height (p≤0.0003), incubation period (p≤0.0001) and polyethylene cover (t≤0.015). All plantlets that were taller than 45 mm survived acclimatization irrespective of medium states that were rooted in and number of roots per plantlet. In vitro rooting for 75 days resulted in survival of 94% of the plantlets while only 71% of the plantlets that were in vitro rooted for 30 days survived acclimatization. Intermediate in vitro rooting period of 45 and 60 days resulted in intermediate survival percentage (80% and 85%). The survival of covered plantlets (83%) was significantly higher than uncovered plantlets (59%). assessment of in vitro rooting treatments. About 90% of the plantlets that were taller than 45 mm at the end of rooting stage survived acclimatization under shade house irrespective of medium states, IBA concentrations that were rooted in and whether it form roots or were rootless.
Opleiding informatica Evaluating Android malware detection explanation

Machine learning-based methods have become de-facto standard in Android malware detection. However, it is not sufficient to be able to correctly classify a sample: human analysts also need some details (explanation) why this sample has been categorized as malicious or benign. Several black-box explanation methods have been proposed in the literature. Still, to be useful, explanation methods need to satisfy certain properties that are expected by the analysts in the Android malware detection domain. Based on the existing works in this area, in this thesis we propose two new properties that a good Android malware explanation method must satisfy, and two metrics to measure these properties. We have conducted experiments on a dataset of Android apps, using 10 classifiers and evaluating 5 explanation meth-ods: Morris Sensitivity, LIME, Anchors, EDC and SHAP. Our experiments show that SHAP is the best explanation method according to both of the proposed metrics.
Photoionization Models of the Eskimo Nebula: Evidence for a Binary Central Star?

Abstract The ionizing star of the planetary nebula NGC 2392 is too cool to explain the high excitation of the nebular shell, and an additional ionizing source is necessary. We use photoionization modeling to estimate the temperature and luminosity of the putative companion. Our results show it is likely to be a very hot (Teff ≃ 250 kK), dense white dwarf. If the stars form a close binary, they may merge within a Hubble time, possibly producing a Type Ia supernova.
Brittle ML: Playing Satan 40-MLG 40

Machine Learning models, especially deep neural nets are vulnerable to attack by adversaries because of their linear behaviour in high dimensional spaces. We aim at crafting adversarial inputs for Inception-v3, one of the most prominent image classiﬁcation convolution neural nets. We study both whitebox and blackbox attacks in our project. Additionally, we also discuss the use of earthmover distances instead of the originally proposed l inf norm. Crafting adversarial inputs for ranking using decision trees is also discussed brieﬂy towards the end.
Environment-induced entanglement in a refined weak-coupling limit

Two non-directly interacting qubits with equal frequencies can become entangled via a Markovian, dissipative dynamics through the action of a weakly coupled Ohmic heat bath. In the standard weak-coupling limit derivation, this purely dissipative effect disappears if the frequencies are different because of the “ergodic average” used by this approach. However, there are physical situations where this technique is too rough to capture all the relevant aspects of the dissipative dynamics. In these cases, in order to better describe the physical behavior of the open system, it is necessary to go beyond the “ergodic average”. We show that, in this more refined framework, the entanglement capability of the environment persists also in the case of different frequencies.
Shear thickening, frictionless and frictional rheologies in non-Brownian suspensions

Particles suspended in a Newtonian fluid raise the viscosity and also generally give rise to a shear-rate dependent rheology. In particular, pronounced shear thickening may be observed at large solid volume fractions. In a recent article [R. Seto et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 218301 (2013)], we have considered the minimum set of components to reproduce the experimentally observed shear thickening behavior, including discontinuous shear thickening. We have found frictional contact forces to be essential and were able to reproduce the experimental behavior by a simulation including this physical ingredient along with viscous lubrication. In the present article, we thoroughly investigate the effect of friction and express it in the framework of the jamming transition. The viscosity divergence at the jamming transition has been a well known phenomenon in suspension rheology, as reflected in many empirical laws for the viscosity. Friction can affect this divergence, and in particular the jamming packing fraction is reduced if particles are frictional. Within the physical description proposed here, shear thickening is a direct consequence of this effect: As the shear rate increases, friction is increasingly incorporated as more contacts form, leading to a transition from a mostly frictionless to a mostly frictional rheology. This result is significant because it shifts the emphasis from lubrication hydrodynamics and detailed microscopic interactions to geometry and steric constraints close to the jamming transition.Particles suspended in a Newtonian fluid raise the viscosity and also generally give rise to a shear-rate dependent rheology. In particular, pronounced shear thickening may be observed at large solid volume fractions. In a recent article [R. Seto et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 218301 (2013)], we have considered the minimum set of components to reproduce the experimentally observed shear thickening behavior, including discontinuous shear thickening. We have found frictional contact forces to be essential and were able to reproduce the experimental behavior by a simulation including this physical ingredient along with viscous lubrication. In the present article, we thoroughly investigate the effect of friction and express it in the framework of the jamming transition. The viscosity divergence at the jamming transition has been a well known phenomenon in suspension rheology, as reflected in many e.
Non-linear evolution of tidally forced inertial waves in rotating fluid bodies

We perform one of the first studies into the nonlinear evolution of tidally excited inertial waves in a uniformly rotating fluid body, exploring a simplified model of the fluid envelope of a planet (or the convective envelope of a solar-type star) subject to the gravitational tidal perturbations of an orbiting companion. Our model contains a perfectly rigid spherical core, which is surrounded by an envelope of incompressible uniform density fluid. The corresponding linear problem was studied in previous papers which this work extends into the nonlinear regime, at moderate Ekman numbers (the ratio of viscous to Coriolis accelerations). By performing high-resolution numerical simulations, using a combination of pseudo-spectral and spectral element methods, we investigate the effects of nonlinearities, which lead to time-dependence of the flow and the corresponding dissipation rate. Angular momentum is deposited non-uniformly, leading to the generation of significant differential rotation in the initially uniformly rotating fluid, i.e. the body does not evolve towards synchronism as a simple solid body rotator. This differential rotation modifies the properties of tidally excited inertial waves, changes the dissipative properties of the flow, and eventually becomes unstable to a secondary shear instability provided that the Ekman number is sufficiently small. Our main result is that the inclusion of nonlinearities eventually modifies the flow and the resulting dissipation from what linear calculations would predict, which has important implications for tidal dissipation in fluid bodies. We finally discuss some limitations of our simplified model, and propose avenues for future research to better understand the tidal evolution of rotating planets and stars. ; Comment: 17 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Mid-infrared laser phase-locking to a remote near-infrared frequency reference for high-precision molecular spectroscopy

We present a method for accurate mid-infrared frequency measurements and stabilization to a near-infrared ultra-stable frequency reference, transmitted with a long-distance fibre link and continuously monitored against state-of-the-art atomic fountain clocks. As a first application, we measure the frequency of an OsO4 rovibrational molecular line around 10 μm with an uncertainty of 8 × 10−13. We also demonstrate the frequency stabilization of a mid-infrared laser with fractional stability better than 4 × 10−14 at 1 s averaging time and a linewidth below 17 Hz. This new stabilization scheme gives us the ability to transfer frequency stability in the range of 10−15 or even better, currently accessible in the near infrared or in the visible, to mid-infrared lasers in a wide frequency range.
Witnessing the birth of the red sequence: the physical scale and morphology of dust emission in hyper-luminous starbursts in the early Universe

We present high-spatial-resolution ($\sim 0.12''$ or $\approx 800 \, {\rm pc}$ at $z = 4.5$) ALMA $870\,\mu$m dust continuum observations of a sample of 44 ultrared dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) selected from the H-ATLAS and HerMES far-infrared surveys because of their red colors from 250 to 500 $\mu$m: $S_{500} / S_{250} > 1.5$ and $S_{500} / S_{350} > 1.0$. With photometric redshifts in the range $z \sim 4$-6, our sample includes the most luminous starbursting systems in the early Universe known so far, with total obscured star-formation rates (SFRs) of up to $\sim 4,500 \, M_\odot \, {\rm yr}^{-1}$, as well as a population of lensed, less intrinsically luminous sources. The lower limit on the number of ultrared DSFGs at 870 $\mu$m (with flux densities measured from the ALMA maps and thus not affected by source confusion) derived in this work is in reasonable agreement with models of galaxy evolution, whereas there have been reports of conflicts at 500 $\mu$m (where flux densities are derived from SPIRE). Ultrared DSFGs have a variety of morphologies (from relatively extended disks with smooth radial profiles, to compact sources, both isolated and interacting) and an average size, $\theta_{\rm FWHM}$, of $1.46 \pm 0.41\, {\rm kpc}$, considerably smaller than the values reported in previous work for less-luminous DSFGs at lower redshifts. The size and the estimated gas-depletion times of our sources are compatible with their being the progenitors of the most massive, compact, red-and-dead galaxies at $z \sim 2$-3, and ultimately of local ultra-massive elliptical galaxies or massive galaxy clusters. We are witnessing the birth of the high-mass tail of the red sequence of galaxies.
Walk dimension for light in complex disordered media

Transport in complex systems is characterized by a fractal dimension -- the walk dimension -- that indicates the diffusive or anomalous nature of the underlying random walk process. Here we report on the experimental retrieval of this key quantity, using light waves propagating in disordered media. The approach is based on measurements of the time-resolved transmission, in particular on how the lifetime scales with sample size. We show that this allows one to retrieve the walk dimension and apply the concept to samples with varying degree of fractal heterogeneity. In addition, the method provides the first experimental demonstration of anomalous light dynamics in a random medium.
Decomposition of any quantum measurement into extremals

We design an efficient and constructive algorithm to decompose any generalized quantum measurement into a convex combination of extremal measurements. We show that if one allows for a classical post-processing step only extremal rank-1 positive operator valued measures are needed. For a measurement with N elements on a d-dimensional space, our algorithm will decompose it into at most (N − 1)d + 1 extremals, whereas the best previously known upper bound scaled as d2. Since the decomposition is not unique, we show how to tailor our algorithm to provide particular types of decompositions that exhibit some desired property.
2014–2015 MULTIPLE OUTBURSTS OF 15P/FINLAY

Multiple outbursts of a Jupiter-family comet (JFC), 15P/Finlay, occurred from late 2014 to early 2015. We conducted an observation of the comet after the first outburst and subsequently witnessed another outburst on 2015 January 15.6–15.7. The gas, consisting mostly of C2 and CN, and dust particles expanded at speeds of 1110 ± 180 m s−1 and 570 ± 40 m s−1 at a heliocentric distance of 1.0 au. We estimated the maximum ratio of solar radiation pressure with respect to the solar gravity βmax = 1.6 ± 0.2, which is consistent with porous dust particles composed of silicates and organics. We found that 108–109 kg of dust particles (assumed to be 0.3 μm–1 mm) were ejected through each outburst. Although the total mass is three orders of magnitude smaller than that of the 17P/Holmes event observed in 2007, the kinetic energy per unit mass (104 J kg−1) is equivalent to the estimated values of 17P/Holmes and 332P/2010 V1 (Ikeya–Murakami), suggesting that the outbursts were caused by a similar physical mechanism. From a survey of cometary outbursts on the basis of voluntary reports, we conjecture that 15P/Finlay-class outbursts occur >1.5 times annually and inject dust particles from JFCs and Encke-type comets into interplanetary space at a rate of ∼10 kg s−1 or more.
Fast creation of conditional quantum gate and entanglement using a common bath only

We propose a scheme to for fast conditional phase shift and creation entanglement of two qubits that interact with a common heat bath. Dynamical decoupling is applied in the scheme so that it works even in the regime of strong interaction between qubits and environment. Our scheme does not request any direct interaction between the two qubits.
Memory and Future Imagining

People devote considerable time and energy to imagining or simulating specific events that may take place in the future. Whether anticipating the outcome of impending discussions with significant others or colleagues, mentally preparing for an upcoming presentation, or imagining what a future night out, vacation, or job opportunity will be like, simulation of specific future events is a common feature of mental life. This process has been referred to by various terms, including episodic simulation (Schacter, Addis, & Buckner, 2007, 2008), episodic future thinking (Atance & O’Neill, 2001; Szpunar, 2010), and future event simulation (Griffiths et al., 2012). Simulating upcoming events is one of several ways in which people can think about the future. We have recently described a preliminary taxonomy of future thinking that distinguishes among four basic modes of prospection (simulation, prediction, intention, and planning) and propose that each one can take episodic or semantic forms (for detailed discussion, see Szpunar, Spreng, & Schacter, 2014). Within the context of our taxonomy, episodic refers to simulations, predictions, intentions, or plans in relation to specific autobiographical events that might occur in the future, whereas semantic refers to simulations, predictions, intentions, or plans that relate to more general or abstract states of the world that may arise in the future. The present chapter focuses exclusively on one cell in our proposed taxonomy—simulation of specific future episodes or events—which we will refer to here interchangeably as episodic simulation or future event simulation. Although social and clinical psychologists have long been interested in the functions and shortcomings of future thinking (Gilbert & Wilson, 2007; MacLeod & Byrne, 1996; MacLeod, Tata, Kentish, & Jacobsen, 1997; Miloyan, Pachana, & Suddendorf, 2014; Wilson & Gilbert, 2003), interest in the cognitive and neural mechanisms that give rise to future event simulation has only been galvanized within the past decade (for detailed reviews, see Buckner & Carroll, 2007; Klein, 2013; McLelland, Schacter, & Addis, 2015; Schacter, Addis, & Buckner, 2007, 2008; Schacter et al., 2012; Suddendorf & Corballis, 2007; Suddendorf & Renshaw, 2013; Szpunar, 2010). We do not attempt to duplicate the extensive coverage of episodic simulation in the aforementioned recent reviews. Instead, we present a selective overview of important findings from cognitive psychology and neuroscience while also highlighting key methodological advances