Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improvements and Evaluation of the Monte Carlo Tree Search Algorithm

Ma these se situe dans le contexte de la planification a horizon fini en environnement discret avec un nombre d'etats trop important pour qu'ils soient tous explores. L'objectif est de maximiser une fonction de recompense qui associe une valeur aux etats finaux. Cette these est en particulier centree sur l'amelioration et l'etude d'un nouvel algorithme: l'exploration d'arbre basee sur une formule de bandit avec evaluation Monte Carlo. Apres avoir presente les algorithmes de reference du domaine (Minimax et Alphabeta dans le cas deux joueurs; Nested Monte Carlo et Programmation Dynamique dans le cas un joueur), je decris le principe de l'algorithme. Puis je propose une methode de parallelisation efficace pour le cas ou la memoire est separee. Cette methode se combine avec des methodes classiques de parallelisation a memoire partagee. Je propose ensuite une methode pour construire une base d'ouverture et montre son efficacite dans le cadre concret du jeu de Go. J'introduis egalement plusieurs manieres d'utiliser des connaissances expertes, aussi bien dans la partie concernant les bandits que dans la partie Monte Carlo. Finalement, je montre que cet algorithme qui donne de tres bons resultats dans le cadre des applications a deux joueurs est egalement efficace dans un cadre a un joueur. En effet, je propose une adaptation de l'algorithme pour le cas des graphes et en utilisant une formule de bandit differente afin de resoudre le probleme concret de la generation automatique de librairies de transformations lineaires. J'obtiens des resultats nettement superieurs a ceux obtenus avec une methode classique de programmation dynamique.
C2SLR: Consistency-enhanced Continuous Sign Language Recognition

The backbone of most deep-learning-based continuous sign language recognition (CSLR) models consists of a visual module, a sequential module, and an alignment module. However, such CSLR backbones are hard to be trained sufficiently with a single connectionist temporal classification loss. In this work, we propose two auxiliary constraints to enhance the CSLR backbones from the perspective of consistency. The first constraint aims to enhance the visual module, which easily suffers from the insufficient training problem. Specifically, since sign languages convey information mainly with signers' faces and hands, we insert a keypoint-guided spatial attention module into the visual module to enforce it to focus on informative regions, i.e., spatial attention consistency. Nevertheless, only enhancing the visual module may not fully exploit the power of the backbone. Motivated by that both the output features of the visual and sequential modules represent the same sentence, we further impose a sentence embedding consistency constraint between them to enhance the representation power of both the features. Experimental results over three representative backbones validate the effectiveness of the two constraints. More remarkably, with a transformer-based backbone, our model achieves state-of-the-art or competitive performance on three benchmarks, PHOENIX-2014, PHOENIX-2014-T, and CSL.
THE MOST BOUND HALO PARTICLE–GALAXY CORRESPONDENCE MODEL: COMPARISON BETWEEN MODELS WITH DIFFERENT MERGER TIMESCALES

We develop a galaxy assignment scheme that populates dark matter halos with galaxies by tracing the most bound member particles (MBPs) of simulated halos. Several merger timescale models based on analytic calculations and numerical simulations are adopted as the survival times of mock satellite galaxies. We build mock galaxy samples from halo merger data of the Horizon Run 4 N-body simulation from z = 12–0. We compare group properties and two-point correlation functions (2pCFs) of mock galaxies with those of volume-limited SDSS galaxies, with r-band absolute magnitudes of and −20 at z = 0. It is found that the MBP-galaxy correspondence scheme reproduces the observed population of SDSS galaxies in massive galaxy groups ( ) and the small-scale 2pCF ( ) quite well for the majority of the merger timescale models adopted. The new scheme outperforms the previous subhalo-galaxy correspondence scheme by more than 2σ.
Properties of accretion flows around coalescing supermassive black holes

What are the properties of accretion flows in the vicinity of coalescing supermassive black holes (SBHs)? The answer to this question has direct implications on the feasibility of coincident detections of electromagnetic (EM) and gravitational wave (GW) signals from coalescences. Such detections are considered to be the next observational grand challenge that will enable testing general relativity in the strong, nonlinear regime and improve our understanding of evolution and growth of these massive compact objects. In this paper, we review the properties of the environment of coalescing binaries in the context of the circumbinary disk and hot, radiatively inefficient accretion flow models and use them to mark the extent of the parameter space spanned by this problem. We report the results from an ongoing, general relativistic, hydrodynamical study of the inspiral and merger of black holes, motivated by the latter scenario. We find that correlated EM+GW oscillations can arise during the inspiral phase followed by the gradual rise and subsequent drop-off in the light curve at the time of coalescence. While there are indications that the latter EM signature is a more robust one, a detection of either signal coincidentally with GWs would be a convincing evidence for an impending SBH binary coalescence. The observability of an EM counterpart in the hot accretion flow scenario depends on the details of a model. In the case of the most massive binaries observable by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, upper limits on luminosity imply that they may be identified by EM searches out to z ≈ 0.1–1. However, given the radiatively inefficient nature of the gas flow, we speculate that a majority of massive binaries may appear as low luminosity AGN in the local universe.
Intellectual Capital and Organizational Performance: Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation in SMEs Sector of Pakistan

The emergence of modern societies has created many challenges for organizations to counter hyper competition in the market. In this regard, firms that are innovatively using their intellectual resources have not only preeminent chances to grow and sustain in intensive competitive milieu but also reap significant performance in the marketplace. Therefore, the main endeavor of this study is to investigate the impact of intellectual capital on organizational performance of small and medium enterprises of Pakistan. Further, the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation which is recently recognized as the most crucial factor in ameliorating firm performance is also empirically tested in the model. The study has employed structural equation modeling (SEM) and principle component analysis (PCA) to test the mediating model. It has been found that human capital and relational capital have direct and indirect effect on organizational performance while structural capital does not show any direct relationship with organizational performance. The findings of this research facilitate the policy makers, practitioners and entrepreneur’s/owner mangers of Pakistan in particular and other developing country in general to formulate strategies that can accelerate performance and strengthen SMEs operations across borders.
Discovery of a remarkable bipolar flow and exciting source in the ρ Ophiuchi cloud core

Les observations au telescope IRAM 30-m ont permis de mettre clairement en evidence l'existence d'un ecoulement de gaz moleculaire dans le noyau principal du nuage sombre ρ Ophiuchi. La structure de l'emission a grande vitesse observee dans la raie J = 2-1 de CO est complexe mais consiste principalement en un ecoulement bipolaire fragmente, fortement collimate et d'etendue relativement petite. Cet ecoulement n'est entretenu par aucune des sources IR connues dans le nuage. Le meilleur candidat pour l'excitation est une source sub-mJy trouvee dans un survey VLA anterieur appelee VLA 1623 et qui est restee non detectee dans l'infrarouge proche ou lointain jusqu'a de tres basses limites.
THE ANTENNAE GALAXIES (NGC 4038/4039) REVISITED: ADVANCED CAMERA FOR SURVEYS AND NICMOS OBSERVATIONS OF A PROTOTYPICAL MERGER

The Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) have been used to obtain new Hubble Space Telescope images of NGC 4038/4039 (“The Antennae”). These new observations allow us to better differentiate compact star clusters from individual stars, based on both size and color. We use this ability to extend the cluster luminosity function (LF) by approximately 2 mag over our previous WFPC2 results, and find that it continues as a single power law, dN/dL ∝ Lα with α = −2.13 ± 0.07, down to the observational limit of MV ≈ −7. Similarly, the mass function (MF) is a single power law dN/dM ∝ Mβ with β = −2.10 ± 0.20 for clusters with ages <3 × 108 yr, corresponding to lower mass limits that range from 104 to 105 M☉, depending on the age range of the subsample. Hence, the power-law indices for the luminosity and MFs are essentially the same. The LF for intermediate-age clusters (i.e., ∼100–300 Myr old objects found in the loops, tails, and outer areas) shows no bend or turnover down to MV ≈ −6, consistent with relaxation-driven cluster disruption models which predict the turnover should not be observed until MV ≈ −4. An analysis of individual ∼0.5 kpc sized areas over diverse environments shows good agreement between values of α and β, similar to the results for the total population of clusters in the system. There is tentative evidence that the values of both α and β are flatter for the youngest clusters in some areas, but it is possible that this is caused by observational biases. Several of the areas studied show evidence for age gradients, with somewhat older clusters appearing to have triggered the formation of younger clusters. The area around Knot B is a particularly interesting example, with a ∼10–50 Myr old cluster of estimated mass ∼106 M☉ having apparently triggered the formation of several younger, more massive (up to 5 × 106 M☉) clusters along a dust lane. A comparison with new NICMOS observations reveals that only 16% ± 6% of the IR-bright clusters in the Antennae are still heavily obscured, with values of AV>3 mag.
Direct numerical simulation of viscoplastic-type non-Newtonian fluid flows in stenosed arteries

The aim of this work is to provide DNS solutions for turbulence flows of viscoplastic-type non-Newtonian fluids and thus contribute to gain insight into the underlying physics of the non-Newtonian turbulent flows. This knowledge may be useful, among many other things, for developing more accurate turbulence models which describe better the implicit physics of this subject. Nevertheless, from our point of view, few DNS solutions of viscoplastic-type non-Newtonian fluid flows have been provided with this objective, despite the growing presence of these kind of fluids in the field of CFD simulations.
Asymptotic expansions and amplification of a gravitational lens near a fold caustic

We propose two methods that enable us to obtain approximate solutions of the lens equation near a fold caustic with an arbitrary degree of accuracy. We obtain ‘post-linear’ corrections to the well-known formula in the linear caustic approximation for the total amplification of two critical images of a point source. In this case, in order to obtain the non-trivial corrections we have to go beyond the approximation orders earlier used by Keeton et al. and to perform the Taylor expansion of the lens equation near the caustic up to the fourth order. Corresponding analytical expressions are derived for the amplification in cases of the Gaussian and power-law extended source models; the amplifications depend on three additional fitting parameters. Conditions of neglecting the correction terms are analysed. The modified formula for the amplification is applied to the fitting of light curves of the Q2237+0305 gravitational lens system in the vicinity of the high amplification events (HAEs). We show that the introduction of some ‘post-linear’ corrections reduces χ2 by 30 per cent in the case of known HAE on the light curve of image C (1999). These corrections can be important for a precise comparison of different source models with regard for observational data.
Characteristics of the Risks of Threats to the Information System with a Limited Number of Information Sources

Any potential threat to a variety of large or small objects of protected information systems, as a rule, comes from internal and sometimes external violators, which leads to the need to organize activities to ensure internal and external security, depending on the areas of everyday life at the state and commercial level to which certain security threats are directed. These threats can be conditionally divided into political or threats to the existing constitutional order, economic, military, informational, man-made, environmental, corporate, etc. The article considers a secure information system, the main criterion of which is the integrity of the system using the concept of risk. When considering some model of such a system, it is determined that that there are several types of threats, this task has a multi-criteria aspect, therefore, the definition of quantitative and qualitative parameters is a complex and dynamic task. The paper proposes to introduce mathematical tools of the theory of transmission flows and switching of alarm signals on one of the elements of a secure system, namely the technical vision subsystem.
Mitophagy: A Potential Target for Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Remodelling

The pathological mechanisms underlying cardiac remodelling and cardiac dysfunction caused by pressure overload are poorly understood. Mitochondrial damage and functional dysfunction, including mitochondrial bioenergetic disorder, oxidative stress, and mtDNA damage, contribute to heart injury caused by pressure overload. Mitophagy, an important regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis and function, is triggered by mitochondrial damage and participates in the pathological process of cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies indicate that mitophagy plays a critical role in the pressure overload model, but evidence on the causal relationship between mitophagy abnormality and pressure overload-induced heart injury is inconclusive. This review summarises the mechanism, role, and regulation of mitophagy in the pressure overload model. It also pays special attention to active compounds that may regulate mitophagy in pressure overload, which provide clues for possible clinical applications.
THE EXTENDED ZEL'DOVICH MASS FUNCTIONS OF CLUSTERS AND ISOLATED CLUSTERS IN THE PRESENCE OF PRIMORDIAL NON-GAUSSIANITY

We present new formulae for the mass functions of the clusters and the isolated clusters with non-Gaussian initial conditions. For this study, we adopt the extended Zel'dovich (EZL) model as a basic framework, focusing on the case of primordial non-Gaussianity of the local type whose degree is quantified by a single parameter, fnl. By making a quantitative comparison with the N-body results, we first demonstrate that the EZL formula with the constant values of three fitting parameters still works remarkably well for the local fnl case. We also modify the EZL formula to find an analytic expression for the mass function of isolated clusters, which turns out to have only one fitting parameter other than the overall normalization factor and showed that the modified EZL formula with a constant value of the fitting parameter matches excellently the N-body results with various values of fnl at various redshifts. Given the simplicity of the generalized EZL formulae and their good agreements with the numerical results, we finally conclude that the EZL mass functions of the massive clusters and isolated clusters should be useful as an analytic guideline to constrain the scale dependence of the primordial non-Gaussianity of the local type.
Factors determining the use of e-learning and teaching satisfaction

Even though in 2021 many universities have decided to resume teaching activities face to face, we believe that the use of online applications will remain a feature of the educational system due to the flexibility offered and the learning possibilities. We aim to analyze the predictive role of personal factors, such as self-efficacy, technostress creators, technostress inhibitors, and tolerance to uncertainty in the use of e-learning tools for teaching and in the use of these applications in the context of the uncertainty generated by the pandemic. The sample consisted of 1,517 academics. The results showed that technostress creators mediate the relationships between technostress inhibitors, technology self-efficacy, use of applications, and satisfaction with the use of e-learning platforms. Although the current context is dominated by uncertainty, the hypotheses regarding the direct and indirect effects of uncertainty in the use of online s in education were partially sustained. The most important finding of our study is that, although the current context is characterized by uncertainty, the negative impact of the resulting higher levels of stress can be counteracted by a high level of technology self-efficacy which, in turn, predicts a greater extent the use of platforms and the satisfaction of using these platforms. Si bien en 2021 muchas universidades han decidido retomar la actividad docente presencial, creemos que el uso de aplicaciones en línea seguirá siendo una característica del sistema educativo por la flexibilidad que ofrece y las posibilidades de aprendizaje. Nuestro objetivo es analizar el papel predictivo de factores personales, como la autoeficacia, los creadores de tecnoestrés, los inhibidores del tecnoestrés y la tolerancia a la incertidumbre sobre el uso de herramientas de e-learning para la enseñanza y sobre el uso de estas aplicaciones en el contexto de la incertidumbre generada por la pandemia. La muestra estuvo conformada por 1.517 académicos. Los resultados mostraron que los creadores de tecnoestrés median las relaciones entre inhibidores de tecnoestrés, autoeficacia tecnológica, uso de aplicaciones y satisfacción hacia el uso de plataformas de e-learning. Aunque el contexto actual está dominado por la incertidumbre, las hipótesis sobre los efectos directos e indirectos de la incertidumbre sobre el uso de la aplicación en línea en la educación se sustentaron parcialmente. El hallazgo más importante de nuestro estudio es que, aunque el contexto actual se caracteriza por la incertidumbre, el impacto negativo de los mayores niveles de estrés resultantes puede ser contrarrestado por un alto nivel de autoeficacia tecnológica que, a su vez, predice en mayor medida el uso de plataformas y la satisfacción de usar estas plataformas.
Corporate Social Responsibility Towards Purchase Intention Across Regional Identity: A Comparison Between South Asia and Southeast Asia During COVID-19

The study attempted to explain the role of regional identity on the relationship between perceived corporate social responsibility (PCSR) and purchase intention through customer satisfaction and brand loyalty in South and Southeast Asian regions during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A quantitative research was conducted with a survey including a sample of 3,870 regular retail customers from six countries in South and Southeast Asia. The data were analysed to test the hypotheses using SmartPLS. It found a significant and positive chain relationship between PCSR, satisfaction, brand loyalty and purchase intention in all six countries. In a comparative analysis, regional identity significantly, strongly and positively moderated the relationship in India and Pakistan except Sri Lanka while regional identity significantly and positively but weakly moderated the relationship in Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. The study is the first investigation to discover dynamic role of customers’ regional identity in making impactful CSR in a pandemic. It also made several theoretical and managerial implications with future research insights on retail consumer behaviour.
Big Spatial Data Systems - A review

With the accelerated growth of big spatial data volume produced by various devices, a plethora of development research to handle big spatial data has been done in the past decade. This research reviews the fundamental components and characteristics included in analytic systems for effectively managing big spatial data. After that, an overview of recent researches on big spatial data is discussed using four main components: source, storage, processing, and visualization. The components are then described in detail, including examples of how they are used in existing work. Afterward, some researchers’ work on systems of big spatial data is discussed showing how they support these four components. Furthermore, a comparison between these works is given in terms of the important performance metrics. Finally, this paper addresses the future research directions.
Anisotropic Swirling Surface Acoustic Waves from Inverse Filtering for On-Chip Generation of Acoustic Vortices

Acoustic tweezers allow for contactless manipulation of tiny objects, such as cells or droplets. The cornerstone of current technology is a corkscrewlike acoustic vortex, typically generated using handmade assemblies of individual transducers, which limits system size and accuracy and causes fabrication costs to skyrocket. The authors instead generate a similar two-dimensional acoustic field with an integrated array of miniaturized transducers, which should enable large-scale industrial fabrication of acoustic tweezers on a chip, for applications in microfluidics, microelectromechanical actuation, and nanotechnology.
Influence of small-scale EM and HM on the growth of large-scale magnetic field

We investigated the influence of small-scale magnetic energy (EM) and magnetic helicity (HM) on the growth rate (γ )o fB field (large-scale magnetic field). HM that plays a key role in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) dynamo is a topological concept describing the structural properties of magneticfields. SinceEM is a prerequisite ofHM, it is not easy to differentiate the intrinsic properties of HM from the influence of EM. However, to understand MHD dynamo, the features of helical and non-helical magnetic field should be made clear. For this, we made a detour: we gave each simulation set its own initial condition (IC, same EM(0) and specific HM(0) at the forced wavenumber kf = 5), and then drove the system with positive helical kinetic energy(kf = 5). According to the simulation results, EM(0), whether or not helical, increases the growth rate of B. The positive HM(0) boosts the increased growth rate, but the negative HM(0) decreases it. To explain these results, two coupled equations of HM and EM were derived and solved using a simple approximate method. The equations imply that helical magnetic field evolves into the total (helical and non-helical) magnetic field but quenches itself. Non-helical magnetic field also evolves into the total magnetic field but quenches itself. The initially given EM(0) modifies the electromotive force (EMF, � u×b�) and generates new terms. The effects of these terms depend on the magnetic diffusivity η, position of initial conditions kf, and magnetic diffusion time. But the influence disappears exponentially as time passes, so the saturated magnetic fields are eventually independent of the pre-existing initial