Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Evolutionary of Bloom Filter False Positives - An Information Theoretical Approach to Optimizing Bloom Filter Parameters

The fundamental issue of how to calculate the false positive probability of widely used Bloom Filters (BF), from which the conventional wisdom is to derive the optimal value of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="fan-ieq1-3200045.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, remains elusive. Since Bloom gave the false positive formula in 1970, in 2008, Bose et al. pointed out that Bloom's formula is flawed; and in 2010, Christensen et al. pointed out that Bose's formula is also flawed and gave another formula. Although Christensen's formula is perfectly accurate, it is time-consuming and impossible to calculate the optimal value of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="fan-ieq2-3200045.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>. Based on the following observation: for a BF with <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>m</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="fan-ieq3-3200045.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> bits and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="fan-ieq4-3200045.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> elements, if and only if its entropy is the largest, its false positive probability is the smallest, we propose the first approach to calculating the optimal <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="fan-ieq5-3200045.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> without any false positive formula. Furthermore, we propose a new and more accurate upper bound for the false positive probability. When the size of a Bloom Filter becomes infinitely large, our upper bound turns equal to the lower bound, which becomes Bloom's formula and deepens our understanding towards it. Besides, we derive the bounds of correct rate of Counting Bloom Filters (CBFs) by applying our proposed formulas about BFs to them.
Temperature Measurement of the Selected UAV Electronic Components

On the platform of an unmanned aerial vehicle there are electronic devices that emit large amounts of heat due to their power supply. Controlling the temperature of individual components, which the UAV is equipped with, allows to take care of proper operation of the entire propulsion system and control system. This allows, in particular, to maintain the safety of operating such an object. In this paper, key electronic components which can heat up during operation in operational conditions to dangerous temperature values were analyzed. The aim of the study is to verify the correctness of selection of components of the constructed propulsion and control system. As a result of the tests, the temperature distribution on the tested components and the dependence of the (maximum) temperature measured in spot points as a function of time were obtained. The intensity of temperature rise was determined and the time of safe operation at assumed operating conditions was examined.
Rychc Confers Extreme Resistance to Potato virus Y in Potato

The Potato virus Y (PVY) is responsible for huge economic losses for the potato industry worldwide and is the fifth most consequential plant virus globally. The main strategies for virus control are to limit aphid vectors, produce virus-free seed potatoes, and breed virus-resistant varieties. The breeding of PVY-resistant varieties is the safest and most effective method in terms of cost and environmental protection. Rychc, a gene that confers extreme resistance to PVY, is from S. chacoense, which is a wild diploid potato species that is widely used in many PVY-resistant breeding projects. In this study, Rychc was fine mapped and successfully cloned from S. chacoense accession 40-3. We demonstrated that Rychc encodes a TIR-NLR protein by stably transforming a diploid susceptible cultivar named AC142 and a tetraploid potato variety named E3. The Rychc conferred extreme resistance to PVYO, PVYN:O and PVYNTN in both of the genotypes. To investigate the genetic events occurring during the evolution of the Rychc locus, we sequenced 160 Rychc homologs from 13 S. chacoense genotypes. Based on the pattern of sequence identities, 160 Rychc homologs were divided into 11 families. In Family 11 including Rychc, we found evidence for Type I evolutionary patterns with frequent sequence exchanges, obscured orthologous relationships and high non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions (Ka/Ks), which is consistent with rapid diversification and positive selection in response to rapid changes in the PVY genomes. Furthermore, a functional marker named MG64-17 was developed in this study that indicates the phenotype with 100% accuracy and, therefore, can be used for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs that use S. chacoense as a breeding resource.
MicroRNAs as Regulators of Cancer Cell Energy Metabolism

To adapt to the tumor environment or to escape chemotherapy, cancer cells rapidly reprogram their metabolism. The hallmark biochemical phenotype of cancer cells is the shift in metabolic reprogramming towards aerobic glycolysis. It was thought that this metabolic shift to glycolysis alone was sufficient for cancer cells to meet their heightened energy and metabolic demands for proliferation and survival. Recent studies, however, show that cancer cells rely on glutamine, lipid, and mitochondrial metabolism for energy. Oncogenes and scavenging pathways control many of these metabolic changes, and several metabolic and tumorigenic pathways are post-transcriptionally regulated by microRNA (miRNAs). Genes that are directly or indirectly responsible for energy production in cells are either negatively or positively regulated by miRNAs. Therefore, some miRNAs play an oncogenic role by regulating the metabolic shift that occurs in cancer cells. Additionally, miRNAs can regulate mitochondrial calcium stores and energy metabolism, thus promoting cancer cell survival, cell growth, and metastasis. In the electron transport chain (ETC), miRNAs enhance the activity of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c, and these apoptosome proteins are directed towards the ETC rather than to the apoptotic pathway. This review will highlight how miRNAs regulate the enzymes, signaling pathways, and transcription factors of cancer cell metabolism and mitochondrial calcium import/export pathways. The review will also focus on the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells to promote survival, proliferation, growth, and metastasis with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential of miRNAs for cancer treatment.
Analysis of wave fields by Fourier integral operators and their application for radio occultations

Fourier integral operators (FIOs) are used for constructing asymptotic solutions of wave problems and for the generalization of the geometrical optics. Geometric optical rays are described by the canonical Hamilton system, which can be written in different canonical coordinates in the phase space. The theory of FIOs generalizes the formalism of canonical transforms for solving wave problems. The FIO associated with a canonical transform maps the wave field to a different representation. Mapping to the representation of ray impact parameter was used in the formulation of the canonical transform (CT) method for processing radio occultation data. The full‐spectrum inversion (FSI) method can also be looked at as an FIO associated with a canonical transform of a different type. We discuss the general principles of the theory of FIOs and formulate a generalization of the CT and FSI techniques. We derive the FIO that maps radio occultation data measured along the low Earth orbiter orbit without first applying back propagation. This operator is used for the retrieval of refraction angles and atmospheric absorption. We give a closed derivation of the exact phase function of the FIO obtained in the “phase matching” approach by Jensen et al. [2004] We derive a novel FIO algorithm denoted CT2, which is a modification and improvement of FSI. We discuss the use of FIOs for asymptotic direct modeling of radio occultation data. This direct model is numerically much faster then the multiple phase screen technique. This is especially useful for simulating LEO‐LEO occultations at frequencies of 10–30 GHz.
Incidence, Risk Factors and Prediction of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Preterm Neonates under 32 Weeks’ Gestational Age

In preterm newborns, secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPTH) is an underdiagnosed and undertreated entity. Its detection in the context of metabolic bone mineral disease (MBD) screening programs may be important to guide nutritional treatment. We designed a retrospective cohort study to determine the incidence of HPTH in very premature infants. As secondary objectives, we studied the risk factors, morbidities, and biochemical alterations associated with HPTH. A total of 154 preterm newborns ≤32 weeks gestational age (GA) were included. Of these, 40.3% (n = 62) presented with HPTH. In the multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for HPTH were cesarean section (OR: 4.00; 95% CI: 1.59–10.06), oxygen during resuscitation (OR: 3.43; 95% CI: 1.09–10.81), invasive mechanical ventilation (OR: 3.56; 95% CI: 1.63–7.77) and anemia requiring transfusion (OR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.01–5.57). Among the analytical variables, serum calcium (OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.29–0.97), serum phosphate (OR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.39–2.92), vitamin D (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93–1), and the calcium/creatinine ratio in urine (OR: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01–0.28) were independently associated with HPTH. The simplified predictive model included GA and calcium/creatinine ratio in urine and demonstrated an AUC of 0.828. We concluded that HPTH is a frequent entity among very premature infants and that further studies are required to determine the role of HPTH in MBD and the clinical applicability of prediction models.
Second data release of the Kepler-INT Survey

This short document reports on the second data release of the Kepler-INT Survey (KIS, Greiss et al. 2012). The Kepler field, a 116 sq.deg region of the Cygnus and Lyra constellations, is the target of the most intensive search for transiting planets to date. The Kepler mission provides superior time series photometry, with an enormous impact on all areas of stellar variability. The initial release catalogue (Greiss et al. 2012) concerned data taken between May and August 2011, using the Isaac Newton Telescope on the island of La Palma. Four broadband filters were used, U, g, r, i, as well as one narrowband one, H-alpha, reaching down to a limit of ~20th mag in the Vega system. Observations covering ~50 sq.deg passed our quality control thresholds and constituted the first data release. Here we report on the second data release, covering an additional ~63 sq.deg of the Kepler field. We apply the exact same quality control criteria and photometric calibration as in the initial release catalogue (see Greiss et al. (2012) for further details). The global photometric calibration was derived by placing the KIS magnitudes as close as possible to the Kepler Input Catalog (KIC) ones. The second data release catalogue containing ~14.5 million sources from all the good photometric KIS fields is available for download from the KIS webpage, as well as from the Kepler Target Search page at MAST. It includes all the objects from the initial data release catalogue and covers ~97% of the Kepler field. Therefore this release adds ~8.5 million sources to the initial data release catalogue, all observed between May and August 2012. The remaining ~3% of the field will be completed once the Kepler field is visible in 2013.
A Synopsis of "The Impact of Motivation, Price, and Habit on Intention to Use IoT-Enabled Technology: A Correlational Study"

Older adults in the U.S. are interested in maintaining independence, aging at home longer, and staying active. Their substantial size, market share, and household wealth sparked the interest of investors and developers in remote monitoring, smart homes, ambient-assisted living, tracking, applications, and sensors via the IoT. This study used the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology extended (UTAUT2). The overarching research question was: “To what extent do performance, effort, influence, conditions, motivation, price, and habit affect older adults’ behavioral intent to use IoT technologies in their homes? ” The research methodology for this study was a nonexperimental correlation of the variables that affect older adults’ intention to use IoT-enabled technologies in their homes. The population was adults 60 plus years in northern Virginia. The sample consisted of 316 respondents. The seven predictors cumulatively influenced older adults’ behavioral intent to use IoT-enabled technologies, F(7, 308) = 133.50, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.75. The significant predictors of behavioral intention to use IoT technologies were performance expectancy (B = 0.244, t(308) = 4.427, p < 0.001), social influence (B = 0.138, t(308) = 3.4775, p = 0.001), facilitating conditions (B = 0.184, t(308) = 2.999, p = 0.003), hedonic motivation (B = 0.153, t(308) = 2.694, p = 0.007), price value (B = 0.140, t(308) = 3.099, p = 0.002), and habit (B = 0.378, t(308) = 8.696, p < 0.001). Effort expectancy was insignificant (B = −0.026, t(308) = −0.409, p = 0.683). This study filled the gap in research on older adults’ acceptance of IoT by focusing specifically on that population. The findings help reduce the risk of solutions driven by technological and organizational requirements rather than the older adults’ unique needs and requirements. The study revealed that older adults may be susceptible to undue influence to adopt IoT solutions. These socioeconomic dimensions of the UTAUT2 are essential to the information technology field because the actualizing of IoT-enabled technologies in private homes depends on older adults’ participation and adoption. This research is beneficial to IoT developers, implementers, cybersecurity researchers, healthcare providers, caregivers, and managers of in-home care providers regarding adding IoT technologies in their homes.
The willingness of elderly care program students to care for older adults and the associated factors: a multi-centered research

ABSTRACT Prospective technicians for elderly care are indispensable elements that should be included in the relevant system to meet the ever-increasing care needs of the aging world population and increase the quality of care. This research was conducted to evaluate the attitudes of students in the elderly care program at the associate degree toward the older adults and their willingness to provide care. The sample of this descriptive and cross-sectional study comprised 525 volunteer students in elderly care programs in five vocational schools of higher education located in northeastern Turkey between June 2020 and September 2020. Mean, standard deviation, number, percentage, independent t-test, and correlation analysis were used to evaluate the data. The study showed that the mean age of the students involved in the study was 20.3 ± 1.6. 77.7% of them were female, and 61.9% were in the first grade. Students’ willingness to care for older adults was found to be at a moderate level (36.3 ± 6.0). The students had a negative attitude (137.4 ± 26.7) about aging and elderliness. The willingness of male students to care for older adults was significantly higher (p < .05). Those who did not live with an older adult in the same house before had a more negative attitude toward them (p < .05). To get rid of personal and social stereotypes and have a positive attitude toward older adults, students should be provided to work in clinical environments that will allow them to spend more time with them.
A Fault Tolerant Multi-Controller Framework for SDN DDoS Attacks Detection

Network communication shows a variety of issues with the fast expansion of computer devices, ranging from network administration to traffic engineering. A well-known method for improving these connections is Software-Defined Networking (SDN). The SDN is a networking architecture that separates the control plane from the data plane to ease network administration. The main advantage of the SDN is the central controller. However, it has security flaws like unreachability in Distributed Denial-of-Service attacks (DDoS). Hence, defending SDN against DDoS attacks is critical. We proposed a framework for detecting DDoS attacks and a fault-tolerant method to replace faulty leader controller in distributed multi-controller SDN. We used multi-controllers architecture and leader election algorithm to present a fault-tolerant framework to select a new leader controller, in the case of a leader controller failure. In addition, an early DDoS attack detection algorithm using the entropy of destination IP addresses and the packet window initiation rate is presented. To evaluate our proposed method in various configurations, we simulated exhaustive experiments in Mininet and Floodlight. The results show that our approach outperforms similar algorithms in various network configurations and multi-victim attacks.
Hydrodynamics simulation of a hypothetical oil spill in the Cumuruxatiba Basin (BA) with the MEDSLIK-II model

Oil spills are one of most impactful sources of marine pollution. The damage caused requires knowing the behavior of oil in the marine environment, through studies of prevention, control and mitigation of oil spills. In this study, two climatological simulations were carried out for the Cumuruxatiba Basin, for summer and winter periods, using the MEDSLIK-II oil spill dispersion model. The region was chosen due to its closeness to the Abrolhos National Park and the high environmental risk associated with the oil industry in this region. The main objective was to analyze the impact of ocean circulation on possible oil spills near the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Brazil. For this, simulations were performed using the outputs of the ROMS ocean model and atmospheric data from the ERA5 reanalysis, used to force the MEDSLIK, through a Lagrangean oils spill representation. The results show that in winter the ZCIT displacement occurs and the southern expansion of South Atlantic Subtropical High (SASH) causes, in the region, an intensification of the southeast trade winds. The increase in longitudinal oil transport is evidenced at the lower speeds of the Brazil Current (BC), in the winter months, increase the likelihood of spills reaching the northeastern Brazilian coast. For summer, the simulations showed that the trade winds and the greater BC transport act as a physical barrier preventing the oil from moving to the coast. Based on the results obtained, we believed that the methodology used may be essential for future studies of oil spills in coastal areas of the Brazilian coast.
Texture Classification using Non-Parametric Markov Random Fields

This forced air rain deflector is attached to the sides of a vehicle body, one on each side, and they create a curtain of air to push downward rain, mist, and water which is brought up by the wheel motion of the vehicle. Primarily, each unit is a channel with air scoops on its sides for receiving air, which is deflected downward and out of the channel by vanes secured within the unit.
Design of three-dimensional tapered SOI-based spot-size converter for C band

A three-dimensional tapered silicon-based spot-size converter is studied to improve the butt-jointed efficiency between the laser diode and the single-mode silicon waveguide. This kind of the spot-size converter can be fabricated while the ridge waveguide is etched. There is no need to regrow SiN or SiON on silicon. The optimized coupling efficiency between the spot-size converter and laser diode is over 0.8 at the wavelength of 1550 nm. This spot-size converter is useful for silicon photonics.
On (Not) Acquiring a Sociolinguistic Stereotype: A Variationist Account of L2-Catalan Lateral Production by L1-Spanish Bilinguals

Catalan exhibits a systematic velarization of alveolar lateral /l/ to (dark) [ɫ], somewhat infamously and even pejoratively recognized by speakers as la ela catalana ‘the Catalan l,’ in salient opposition to the non-velarized (or light) realizations of the parallel alveolar lateral Spanish category, realized as [l] (Bibiloni 2006; Davidson 2019; Hualde 2005). In light of an attested negative social stigma afforded to velarized /l/ (Davidson 2019; Pieras 1999; Simonet 2010a), I presently examine the variable acquisition of Catalan /l/ by L1-Spanish speakers. In so doing, I problematize the assessment of successful second language acquisition for an L1 sociolinguistic stereotype (cf. Labov 2001), ultimately demonstrating how L2-speakers adopt native-like sociolinguistic variation with acoustically non-native-like speech variants.
IMPROVING LISTENING SKILLS BY PODCASTS

: Being a receptive skill, listening is often ignored in level EAP (English for academic purpose) classrooms. Even though the prominence remains mostly on writing and speaking, developing listening comprehension is equally significant for EAP learners. One effective way of practicing listening skills is to use podcasts in the classroom. Many research findings imply that podcasts provide flexibility among young learners as well as offer a wide range of content to real-life listening. This paper, therefore, sheds light on the usefulness of using podcasts to develop listening skills in tertiary classrooms in the light of existing literature. The study suggests that podcasts can be an effective means to practice extensive listening skills. However, the teachers need to pay particular attention to choose content and make the overall learning process enjoyable for the learners.
Modeling and Analyses of Mechanisms Underlying Network Synaptic Dynamics in Two Neural Circuits

In systems neuroscience, circuit models of cortical structures can be used to deconstruct mechanisms responsible for spike patterns that generate a variety of behaviors observed in the brain. In particular, mathematical simulations of these circuits can replicate complex dynamical behaviors that mirror not only macroscopically patterns observed in the brain, but also a significant amount of experimentally characterized minutiae. These models are capable of analyzing neural mechanisms by explicitly deconstructing connectivities between populations of neurons in ways that tend to be empirically inaccessible. This work presents two such models; one in the rat somatosensory barrel cortex, responsible for processing sensory information from whiskers, and one in the CA3 subfield of the hippocampus, responsible for, among other higher brain functions, memory storage and retrieval. In the former we model the generation of multiwhisker receptive fields by lateral (as opposed to feedforward) synaptic connections in layer IV of the barrel cortex, and show that this hypothesis can capture a range of experimentally characterized responses. In the latter we study the generation of gamma frequency oscillations in the CA3, in particular examining the shift between two network regimes of oscillations upon activation of NMDA receptors. These models are constructed as networks of coupled ordinary differential equations representing integrate and fire neurons, and simulations are computed via numerical integration by the forward Euler method.