Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Dense Representation Learning by Superpixelization and Contrasting Cluster Assignment

Recent self-supervised models have demonstrated equal or better performance than supervised methods, opening for AI systems to learn visual representations from practically unlimited data. However, these methods are typically classification-based and thus ineffective for learning high-resolution feature maps that preserve precise spatial information. This work introduces superpixels to improve self-supervised learning of dense semantically rich visual concept embeddings. Decomposing images into a small set of visually coherent regions reduces the computational complexity by $\mathcal{O}(1000)$ while preserving detail. We experimentally show that contrasting over regions improves the effectiveness of contrastive learning methods, extends their applicability to high-resolution images, improves overclustering performance, superpixels are better than grids, and regional masking improves performance. The expressiveness of our dense embeddings is demonstrated by improving the SOTA unsupervised semantic segmentation benchmark on Cityscapes, and for convolutional models on COCO.
Lattice spin models for non-Abelian chiral spin liquids

We suggest a class of two-dimensional lattice spin Hamiltonians describing non-Abelian SU(2) chiral spin liquids - spin-analogues of fractional non-Abelian quantum Hall states- with gapped bulk and gapless chiral edge excitations described by the SU(2)$_n$ Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten conformal field theory. The models are constructed from an array of a generalized spin-$n/2$ ladders with multi-spin exchange interaction which are coupled by isolated spins. Such models allow a controllable analytic treatment starting from the one-dimensional limit and are characterized by a bulk gap and non-Abelian SU(2)$_n$ gapless edge excitations.
Nonlocal action at a distance also acts in the past

The nonlocal action of a measurement performed on a quantum entangled particle can determine the quantum state of a distant entangled particle instantly. Since the relativistic simultaneity of events is frame dependent therefore, a physically valid question arises, does the nonlocal action at a distance determine the quantum state of the distant particle in its past, when quantum state collapse is observed from a different inertial frame of reference? From the relativity of simultaneity, Lorentz invariance of the quantum entangled state of photons under consideration and the validity of Bell's theorem in all inertial frames of reference, it is demonstrated that the measurement-induced collapse of a quantum entangled state also determines the quantum state of a distant photon in its past, provided one of the photons is located in the future. The past and future are defined with respect to the time of quantum state collapse in the rest frame of a quantum state measurement device.
Phenotypic analysis of α1,2-mannosidase-like protein deletion mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

α1,2‑mannosidase-like proteins mediate quality control of glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. This study explored α1,2‑mannosidase-like protein functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Single disruptants in targeted protein-coding genes were found to be viable; however, deletion of MNL2 resulted in declined yeast growth at 37 °C. The normal growth rate was recovered in double-deletion strains where one of the deletions was in MNS1 . We also measured the mannosidase activity of microsomal fractions of deficient strains using artificial glycan. Increased mannose trimming activities were demonstrated by the microsomes of MNL2 -deletion strains compared to levels of activity exhibited by the microsomes of the control strain.
Structural properties of networks grown via an Achlioptas process

After the Achlioptas process (AP), which yields the so-called explosive percolation, was introduced, the number of papers on percolation phenomena has been literally exploding. Most of the existing studies, however, have focused only on the nature of phase transitions, not paying proper attention to the structural properties of the resulting networks, which compose the main theme of the present paper. We compare the resulting network structure of the AP with random networks and find, through observations of the distributions of the shortest-path length and the betweenness centrality in the giant cluster, that the AP makes the network less clustered and more fragile. Such structural characteristics are more directly seen by using snapshots of the network structures and are explained by the fact that the AP suppresses the formation of large clusters more strongly than the random process does. These structural differences between the two processes are shown to be less noticeable in growing networks than in static ones.
Development of a droplet digital PCR method for the sensitive detection and quantification of largemouth bass ranavirus.

Largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBRaV), also known as largemouth bass virus (LMBV), is a high mortality pathogen in largemouth bass. A rapid, sensitive, specific and convenient diagnosis method is an urgent requirement for the prevention of virus transmission. In the present study, a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) method based on the major capsid protein (mcp) gene was established to detect and quantify the virus genome copy number. Oligonucleotide primers were designed based on the LMBRaV mcp gene sequence. The specificity and sensitivity of ddPCR assay were analysed. The other aquatic virus including Chinese giant salamander iridovirus (GSIV), Cyprinid herpesvirus II (CyHV-2) and infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus could not be detected by LMBRaV ddPCR assay. The detection limit of ddPCR assay was 2 ± 0.37 copies/μl DNA sample. And this ddPCR assay had great repeatability and reproducibility. In clinical diagnosis of 50 largemouth bass, 43 positive samples were detected by ddPCR, whereas only 34 positive samples were detected by quantitative PCR (qPCR). This LMBRaV detection assay provided a specific and sensitive method for the rapid diagnosis of LMBRaV infection in largemouth bass as well as quantification of the virus load.
Espaces symétriques de Drinfeld

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Depression among caregivers of cancer patients: Updated systematic review and meta‐analysis

It is imperative to provide care for patients with terminal illnesses such as cancer, though it demands time, financial resources and other unmet needs. Subsequently, caregivers might be exposed to psychological stress and other mental health problems. Previous meta‐analysis finding shows caregivers of cancer patient suffer from depression. During the past 4 years, there has been a considerable increase in the number of newly studies, and we therefore intended to update this finding and provide current global prevalence of depression among caregivers of Cancer patients.
Reply

To the Editor: We read with great interest the article by Dr. Senet et al which described their investigation of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) injections into both hands of patients with systemic sclerosis– associated Raynaud’s phenomenon (SSc-RP) in a large multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (1). BTA injections did not show any superiority over saline but were associated with a significant risk of transient weakness in handmuscle. We highly appreciate the valuable contribution of the authors; nonetheless, several issues raised our concerns. First, the race and ethnicity of the participants were not reported. Racial and ethnic disparities in systemic sclerosis have been long recognized and should not be discounted (2). Furthermore, patient skin color might also affect the observation of RP, potentially influencing the number of RP episodes reported in the study. Second, it seems that the patients in the BTA treatment group were more varied with regard to time since RP onset (mean ± SD 15.1 ± 13.8 years in the BTA group, 11.6 ± 8.6 years in the placebo group) and time since SSc diagnosis (7.9 ± 7.7 years in the BTA group, 6.2 ± 6 years in the placebo group). A previous trial of BTA for the treatment of SSc-RP found that patients with a longer period since RP onset (>15.56 years) and those with diffuse scleroderma were most associated with the unfavorable trend shown in the study (3). We wonder whether more patients with longstanding RP were included in the BTA group, thus affecting the results. Third, it would be helpful for this study to conduct subgroup analyses according to baseline characteristics (e.g., SSc subset, SSc disease duration, RP duration, digital ulcer occurrence, and baseline calcium-channel blocker use) to identify certain subpopulations who may benefit from BTA injections despite an overall negative trend. Stratification into less heterogeneous patient populations would strengthen the clinical applicability of this study. Last, the primary end point of the study was absolute change in the median number of RP episodes, which is subjective and can be affected by many factors (4). Were the patients trained to recognize a real RP episode to minimize the differences caused by each individual patient’s own standards? How did the authors ensure the compliance of the patients? In patients accustomed to RP, an RP episode might go unnoticed. Furthermore, although the study was conducted in the winter months, a patient’s living environment and cold exposure could influence the outcomes substantially. All in all, the assessment of RP is challenging, and more reliable objective outcome measures are warranted in the future. Author disclosures are available at https://onlinelibrary.wiley. com/ action/downloadSupplement? doi=10.1002%2Fart.42379&file=art42379sup-0001-Disclosureform.pdf.
Stability of patch‐turnover relationships under equilibrium and nonequilibrium metapopulation dynamics driven by biogeography

Abstract Two controversial tenets of metapopulation biology are whether patch quality and the surrounding matrix are more important to turnover (colonisation and extinction) than biogeography (patch area and isolation) and whether factors governing turnover during equilibrium also dominate nonequilibrium dynamics. We tested both tenets using 18 years of surveys for two secretive wetland birds, black and Virginia rails, during (1) a period of equilibrium with stable occupancy and (2) after drought and arrival of West Nile Virus (WNV), which resulted in WNV infections in rails, increased extinction and decreased colonisation probabilities modified by WNV, nonequilibrium dynamics for both species and occupancy decline for black rails. Area (primarily) and isolation (secondarily) drove turnover during both stable and unstable metapopulation dynamics, greatly exceeding the effects of patch quality and matrix conditions. Moreover, slopes between turnover and patch characteristics changed little between equilibrium and nonequilibrium, confirming the overriding influences of biogeographic factors on turnover.
How to device-independently generate states for which unambiguous state discrimination is impossible

We describe how to device-independently generate a set of quantum states for which unambiguous state discrimination is not possible. First, we derive a formula that a certain non-signaling black box must satisfy. Then, we describe how to generate a set of quantum states. Devices for generating states and possible measurements on the states can be put into a black box. Because this black box is non-signaling, it satisfies the formula. Using the formula, we prove that unambiguous state discrimination is not possible for the generated states. Because we did not consider internal mechanisms but only outcomes, our argument is valid for any (imperfect) devices.
Microscopic Theory of Tunneling Spectroscopy in Sr2RuO4

We study the surface Andreev bound state (ABS) of superconducting Sr2RuO4, which is a candidate material for the realization of the chiral p-wave superconducting state. In order to clarify the role of chiral edge modes as ABSs, the surface density of states and the tunneling conductance is calculated in the normal metal/Sr2RuO4 junction within the framework of recursive Green’s function method, while taking into account the orbital degrees of freedom (including spin–orbit interactions) with realistic material parameters. In Sr2RuO4, there are two bands α and β originating from quasi-one-dimensional orbitals dyz and dzx and a two-dimensional band γ originating from dxy orbital. We discuss about the contributions of various electronic bands to LDOS and the influence of atomic spin–orbit interaction (SOI). In the light of our calculations, quasi-one-dimensional model with dominant pair potentials in α and β bands is consistent with conductance measurements in Au/Sr2RuO4 junctions.
Deep learning methods hold promise for light fluence compensation in three-dimensional optoacoustic imaging

Abstract. Significance: Quantitative optoacoustic imaging (QOAI) continues to be a challenge due to the influence of nonlinear optical fluence distribution, which distorts the optoacoustic image representation. Nonlinear optical fluence correction in OA imaging is highly ill-posed, leading to the inaccurate recovery of optical absorption maps. This work aims to recover the optical absorption maps using deep learning (DL) approach by correcting for the fluence effect. Aim: Different DL models were compared and investigated to enable optical absorption coefficient recovery at a particular wavelength in a nonhomogeneous foreground and background medium. Approach: Data-driven models were trained with two-dimensional (2D) Blood vessel and three-dimensional (3D) numerical breast phantom with highly heterogeneous/realistic structures to correct for the nonlinear optical fluence distribution. The trained DL models such as U-Net, Fully Dense (FD) U-Net, Y-Net, FD Y-Net, Deep residual U-Net (Deep ResU-Net), and generative adversarial network (GAN) were tested to evaluate the performance of optical absorption coefficient recovery (or fluence compensation) with in-silico and in-vivo datasets. Results: The results indicated that FD U-Net-based deconvolution improves by about 10% over reconstructed optoacoustic images in terms of peak-signal-to-noise ratio. Further, it was observed that DL models can indeed highlight deep-seated structures with higher contrast due to fluence compensation. Importantly, the DL models were found to be about 17 times faster than solving diffusion equation for fluence correction. Conclusions: The DL methods were able to compensate for nonlinear optical fluence distribution more effectively and improve the optoacoustic image quality.
Prevalence of helminths in fresh vegetables: a narrative literature review.

The consumption of fresh vegetables is related to healthy lifestyle habits present in culinary preparations in different regions. The presence of pathogenic parasites in these foods can cause gastrointestinal disorders. Thus, the objective of the present study was to carry out a narrative review of the literature on the prevalence of helminths in fresh vegetable samples. The analysis of the studies published from 2016 to 2022 showed that hookworms and Ascaris lumbricoides are the most common pathogenic helminths in fresh vegetable samples, with a prevalence of up to 73.8% and 55.1%, respectively. In addition, studies have shown associations between the presence of helminths and pathogenic protozoa. The results obtained in this review indicate the urgent need to implement actions at all stages of the vegetable production chain, from the water used in planting irrigation to cleaning before sale to the final consumer. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Phase transition and entropy spectrum of BTZ black hole in three-dimensional gravity with torsion

In this paper, we study the phase transition and the entropy spectrum of BTZ black hole obtained in a model of three-dimensional gravity with torsion. By calculating the heat capacity we find that the BTZ black hole we considered will experience phase transition at some critical point. This indicates that the critical behaviors of black holes do not only depend on the spacetime metric, but have to do with the theory of gravity under consideration. In addition we derived the entropy spectrum of the BTZ black hole according to the quasinormal modes(QNMs) and the adiabatic invariance. It shows that the area or entropy spectrum will also rely on the concrete gravitational action. Corresponding author. ar X iv :1 31 0. 14 91 v1 [ gr -q c] 5 O ct 2 01 3
Frege's Conception of Logic

Acknowledgements Introduction Chapter 1 - Logicism and Conceptual Analysis 1.1 Introduction to Analysis and Proof 1.2 Analysis and Proof in 1879 1.2.1 Derivation, Proof and Definition 1.2.2 Conceptual Analysis 1.3 Analysis in 1881 1.4. Analysis in 1884 1.5 Grundgesetze 1.6. The General Picture Chapter 2 - Thoughts 2.1 Thoughts and Language 2.2 Sense and Reference 2.3 The Structure of Sense 2.4 Thoughts and Language Again 2.5 Where we are Chapter 3 - Thoughts and Sharp Boundaries 3.1 The Issue 3.2. The Texts 3.3 Piecemeal Definition and New Objects 3.4 Ordinary Discourse 3.5 Caesar 3.6 Quantification 3.7 Conclusion Chapter 4 - The Analysis of Arithmetic 4.1 - The Issue 4.2 Analysis as Thought-Preserving? 4.3 Reference-Preservation and Analysis 4.4 Dummett on What's Preserved 4.5 What's Preserved 4.5. i The Case of Directions 4.5. ii. Numbers 4.5. iii - Arithmetic 4.5. iv Alternative Reductions 4.6 Conclusions Chapter 5 - Analysis and Consistency: The Case of Geometry 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Frege-Hilbert 5.3 Hilbert's Method 5.4 Frege's Objections 5.5 Consistency and Concepts 5.6 Analysis and Consistency 5.7 The 1906 Passage 5.8 Ultimate Analyses? 5.9 Concluding Remarks Chapter 6 - Frege and Models 6.1 Models and Consistency 6.2 Models and Entailment 6.3 Implications 6.4 Summing Up Chapter 7 - Metatheory 7.1 Frege's Metatheory 7.2 Universalism and Metatheory 7.2. i - The Issue 7.2. ii - Internal Tensions 7.3 - Soundness, Completeness, and Consistency 7.4 Categoricity 7.5 Conclusion Chapter 8 - Conclusion Bibliography
Dynamic fracture regimes for initially prestressed elastic chains

We study the propagation of a bridge crack in an anisotropic multi-scale system involving two discrete elastic chains that are interconnected by links and possess periodically distributed inertia. The bridge crack is represented by the destruction of every other link between the two elastic chains, and this occurs with a uniform speed. This process is assumed to be sustained by energy provided to the system through its initial configuration, corresponding to the alternating application of compression and tension to neighbouring links. The solution, based on the Wiener–Hopf technique and presented in Ayzenberg-Stepanenko et al. (Ayzenberg-Stepanenko et al. 2014 Proc. R. Soc. A 470, 20140121 (doi:10.1098/rspa.2014.0121)) is used to compute the profile of the medium undergoing failure. We investigate when this solution, representing the steady failure process, is physically acceptable. It is shown that the analytical solution is not always physically applicable and can be used to determine the onset of non-steady failure regimes. These arise from the presence of critical deformations in the wake of the crack front at the sites of the intact links. Additionally, we demonstrate that the structural integrity of the discrete elastic chains can significantly alter the range of speeds for which the bridge crack can propagate steadily. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Wave generation and transmission in multi-scale complex media and structured metamaterials (part 2)’.
How Chronological Age, Theory of Mind, and Yield are Interrelated to Memory and Suggestion in Young Children

Abstract We investigated the interrelations between chronological age, theory of mind (ToM), Yield (as a measure of individual suggestibility), memory and acceptance of experimental suggestion in a sample of children between 3 and 7 years old (N = 106). One week after participants interacted with ‘a Teacher’, they were asked to recall activities carried out with the Teacher (direct experience) and the contents of a story read to them by the Teacher (indirect experience). Data were examined with an analysis of developmental trajectories, which allows establishing the predictor value of socio-cognitive developmental factors regardless of participants’ chronological age. It also estimates predictor values in interaction with the age and determines whether age is the best predictor for performance. As in previous research, results showed that chronological age was the main predictor of memory performance, both for direct experience (i.e., activities performed) and indirect experience (i.e., contents of the story). However, ToM and Yield, together with participants’ ages, modulated their acceptance of the external suggestions received (presented only once, one week after the event). A turning point was observed at age 4.6. Below this age, the greater the mentalist skills (higher ToM), the lower was the vulnerability to external suggestion. Still, children below this age characterized individually as being suggestible (Yield medium or high) were more vulnerable to suggestion the younger they were. Thus, developmental socio-cognitive factors might modulate young children’s vulnerability to external suggestions, even if received only once.
Amplitudes of solar-like oscillations: a new scaling relation

Solar-like oscillations are excited by near-surface convection and are being observed in growing numbers of stars using ground- and space-based telescopes. We have previously suggested an empirical scaling relation to predict their amplitudes. This relation has found widespread use but it predicts amplitudes in F-type stars that are higher than observed. Here we present a new scaling relation that is based on the postulate that the power in velocity fluctuations due to p-mode oscillations scales with stellar parameters in the same way as the power in velocity fluctuations due to granulation. The new relation includes a dependence on the damping rate via the mode lifetime and should be testable using observations from the CoRoT and Kepler missions. We also suggest scaling relations for the properties of the background power due to granulation and argue that both these and the amplitude relations should be applicable to red giant stars.
基于平行交互注意力网络的中文电子病历实体及关系联合抽取(Parallel Interactive Attention Network for Joint Entity and Relation Extraction Based on Chinese Electronic Medical Record)

“基于电子病历构建医学知识图谱对医疗技术的发展具有重要意义,实体和关系抽取是构建知识图谱的关键技术。 本文针对目前实体关系联合抽取中存在的特征交互不充分的问题,提出了一种平行交互注意力网络(PIAN)以充分挖掘实体与关系的相关性,在多个标准的医学和通用数据集上取得最优结果;当前中文医学实体及关系标注数据集较少,本文基于中文电子病历构建了实体和关系抽取数据集(CEMRIE),与医学专家共同制定了语料标注规范,并基于所提出的模型实验得出基准结果。 ”
基于实体信息增强及多粒度融合的多文档摘要(Multi-Document Summarization Based on Entity Information Enhancement and Multi-Granularity Fusion)

“神经网络模型的快速发展使得多文档摘要可以获得人类可读的流畅的摘要,对大规模的数据进行预训练可以更好的从自然语言文本中捕捉更丰富的语义信息,并更好的作用于下游任务。 目前很多的多文档摘要的工作也应用了预训练模型(如BERT)并取得了一定的效果,但是这些预训练模型不能更好的从文本中捕获事实性知识,没有考虑到多文档文本的结构化的实体-关系信息,本文提出了基于实体信息增强和多粒度融合的多文档摘要模型MGNIE,将实体关系信息融入预训练模型ERNIE中,增强知识事实以获得多层语义信息,解决摘要生成的事实一致性问题。 进而从多种粒度进行多文档层次结构的融合建模,以词信息、实体信息以及句子信息捕捉长文本信息摘要生成所需的关键信息点。 本文设计的模型,在国际标准评测数据集MultiNews上对比强基线模型效果和竞争力获得较大提升。 ”