Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic and Clinical Determinants of Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis

Fatigue is the most common and disabling symptom in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), representing one of the main determinants of reduced quality of life among PwMS due to its interference with social activities and work capacity. This study aimed to identify the sociodemographic determinants of fatigue in a cohort of 150 PwMS and 100 healthy controls (HCs). Fatigue was assessed using one of the most suitable and appropriate tools for measuring the degree of fatigue: the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). By comparing the median scores for the MFIS, we observed that the PwMS group had significantly higher MFIS scores than the HCs (p = 0.0001). In PwMS, MFIS scores correlated positively with age, total number of relapses, total disease duration, disability status, and Beck Depression Inventory-II score and negatively with cognitive performance. Patients with relapsing-remitting MS had significantly lower fatigue levels than those with secondary progressive MS (p = 0.0010). Fatigue levels were significantly lower among male than female PwMS (p = 0.0120). Other determinant factors of fatigue in our study proved to be the marital and occupational status, as well as the presence of children, but in a linear multivariate regressions analysis with MFIS score as the dependent variable, the fatigue levels were influenced only by sex, occupational status, marital status, children status, and BDI-II test results. Considering the significant impact of fatigue on the quality of life of PwMS, clinicians must diagnose fatigue as early as possible, identify its modifiable determinants, and manage it effectively to increase their quality of life.
TV Discourse, Grammaticality, and Language Awareness

English-language, and especially US-American TV series have been identified as a major point of contact with the target language for learners of English as a Foreign Language, and the discourse represented there constitutes authentic material that is easily accessible. While the potential of using TV discourse in language education has been widely recognized for aspects such as listening comprehension and vocabulary development, the area of grammar has remained less well investigated. This may be due to the fact that TV discourse, which regularly aims to approximate spoken usage, stereotypically has been associated with “ungrammatical” content in terms of highly informal and non-standard usage. The present study explores sections of the TV Corpus to assess the actual presence of such usage (e.g. hedges like sort of, ain’t as a negator, double comparatives, etc.). From a language-educational perspective, it is suggested that TV discourse is well suited to illustrate different kinds of grammaticality and appropriateness in specific registers in a contextualized manner, with a particular view on informal spoken usage, a topic commonly considered underrepresented in language-pedagogical practice. It is further argued that grammaticality and appropriateness may differ across varieties of English as represented in TV discourse and that engaging with these issues will help to raise students’ language awareness.
A Research on Nomophobia: High School Students Example

Developing communication technologies have led mobile phones to develop and perform many functions. Commonly and frequently used mobile phones can cause some behavioral and emotional disorders in humans. Nomophobia is one of these disorders, which is called fear of people due to being away from their mobile phones. This study aims to investigate whether nomophobia levels can create significant differences in high school students with respect to some variables (gender, age etc.). The sample of the Research consisted of 511 high school students (G=300, B=211) who attended a high school in Muratpaşa District of Antalya province in 2021-2022 academic year and volunteered to participate in the research. In the study, a scale, developed by Yıldırım and Correira (2015), and whose Turkish validity and reliability that Yıldırım et al. (2015) made was used. The obtained data were transferred to computer environment by using SPSS 22.0 package program and this program was used in the analysis of data. The kurtosis and skewness of each dimension was investigated by exposing the data to normality test; and it was determined that the data obtained at the end of the test exhibited normal distribution.
Involvement of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Deferoxamine Radioprotection of Rat Oral Mucosa

Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of DFO an iron chelator drug in prevention of irradiation-induced oral mucositis and to monitor the immune-expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in irradiated and radioprotected rats. Materials & Methods: Thirty male Albino rats were divided into three groups (n =10): Control group (GC): received no treatment, Irradiated group (GI): received a single radiation dose of 10 Gray on the head and neck region, Deferoxamine group (GD): rats received intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg of Deferoxamine for three days before being irradiated like in GI. Rats were sacrificed the 12th day post-irradiation. Their tongues were dissected and processed for H&E staining and immunohistochemical detection of VEGF, the angiogenic marker. Results: Examination of GI revealed an apparent reduction in the thickness of the epithelium and some ulcerative areas. In the lamina propria, dilated engorged blood vessels and degenerative areas were detected. GI showed VEGF immunopositivity in the epithelial layers as well as in the endothelial and connective tissue cells of the lamina propria. VEGF immunopositivity was statistically reduced when compared with GC. GD showed an apparent increase in the epithelium thickness with restoration of epithelial integrity and minimal degeneration of the lamina propria. GD presented marked VEGF immunostaining with a statistically significant increase compared to GI. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that Deferoxamine exerted a protective effect against radiation-induced oral mucositis with possible association of VEGF overexpression in reduction of mucositis histopathological damage.
A QC H ANALY TICAL and QUANTITATIVECYTOPATHOLOGY and HISTOPATHOLOGY

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is a disease of dis­ rupted cell genomes. Quantification of DNA from cytol­ ogy preparations can yield prognostic information about tissue biological behaviors; however, this process is very labor­intensive to perform. Quantitative digital pathol­ ogy can measure the structural chromatin changes as­ sociated with neoplasia and can enable prognostic and predictive assays based on imaging of sectioned prostate tissue. OBJECTIVE: To design an automated system to rec­ ognize and localize cell nuclei in images of stained sec­ tioned tissue (first step in enabling quantitative digital pathology). STUDY DESIGN: Images of Feulgen­thionin–stained
Speech Acts or Speech Act Sets of Refusals: Some Evidence from Thai L2 Learners

: Apart from speaking competence and vocabulary used, refusal strategies play an important role in a communication scenario. This paper investigates how Thai students realise the speech act of refusals to the initiating acts of suggestions, offers, requests, and invitations with regard to the status of the interlocutor. To achieve this objective, 157 Thai university students were asked to respond to 12 scenarios listed in an Oral Discourse Completion Test (ODCT) eliciting refusals of three requests, three invitations, three suggestions, and three offers in lower, equal, and higher status scenarios. All responses were systematically collected, transcribed, coded, and classified based on the refusal taxonomy developed by Beebe, Takahasik, and Uliss-Weltz (1990). The results revealed some discrepancies in the frequency, shift, and content of linguistic forms used in the refusals. In particular, most Thai students reported the use of indirectness, and a combination of direct and indirect strategies was used most frequently. Particularly, excuses, reasons, and explanations were the strategies frequently used in refusals with the different interactants, suggesting that refusals should not be treated as a speech act but as speech act sets that include one or more components. The study sheds light on the importance of socio-cultural factors that affect successful communication. It contributes to the knowledge of pragmatic behaviour in the L2 or intercultural pragmatics and also provides suggestions for integrating pragmatic instruction to foster the pragmatic competence of
Combination of Chinese Character and Word Embeddings in Deep Learning

: This paper aims at the combination of Chinese character and word embeddings in deep learning. We propose to do experiments considering shallow and deep combinations based on word and character. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of combination, we present a compare-aggregate model solving the problem of question answering. Extensive experiments conducted on the open DBQA data demonstrate that the effective combination of characters and words significantly improves our system and helps us get the comparable results with state-art-of systems.
Keyed Visual Cryptography Scheme for Secure Data Transmission

: A Visual Cryptography System (VCS) is a kind of secret sharing scheme. The rapid strides in technology have resulted in data being vulnerable to attacks. An attacker can easily identify the original image, if can they combine the shares of the original data image. In order to reduce these attacks we propose a new approach termed as Keyed Visual Cryptographic Scheme (KVCS). This would raise the computation factors which gives more security to the image data. In KVCS, each input share of the original image is encrypted with some shared key share using mathematical operator. Finally, the original image which should be shared covertly would be encoded into two shares and sent through the network. A person outside this sharing would not be able generate original image even by stacking the encrypted images. The main strength of this paper is cryptanalysis reports.
Carbon flow to acetate and C1 compounds in northern wetlands

High latitude wetlands are significant sources of atmospheric methane, with emission rates that are susceptible to effects of climate change. Our data demonstrate that unlike mid‐latitude wetlands, methane in northern peatlands is not derived from acetate or C1 compounds. These latter compounds accumulate to high levels with acetate as the primary organic end product of anaerobic decomposition. Acetate is ultimately degraded aerobically to carbon dioxide after diffusion into oxic regions of peat. Therefore, organic precursors destined for methane in mid‐latitude wetlands are degraded to carbon dioxide in northern wetlands. A warming‐induced initiation of acetoclastic methanogenesis could substantially increase methane production.
GENETIC CODE OF PROTEIN FOLDING

It has been longtime admitted that the information for protein folding is contained within the polypeptide chain itself 1 . However, despite the recent success of AI in predicting the 3D structure of proteins 2 , no theory exists able to explain where and how the protein folding information is stored within the cell. It is shown here that a plausible solution can be built upon geometry. Transposition of the j and y dihedral angles observed in natural proteins to 4 concentric logarithmic spirals, leads to a structure whose growth equations describe accurately the path of the polypeptide backbone through the conformational space. A paradigm shift is introduced by demonstrating that the mRNA molecule harbors the actual protein folding instructions. 2-codon sequences on the mRNA and a set of initial conditions on the nascent chain are required to select unambiguously the right fold of a growing polypeptide. Based on this model, codon pair propensities afford an adequate framework to study the advent of all known proteins, including the static and dynamic globular proteins, the fold-switching proteins, the intrinsically disordered proteins and the amyloids.
in Parkinson’s disease

We studied prospectively the epidemiology, clinical impact and prediction of falls in 59 moderately affected patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) (mean UPDRS motor score 31.5;mean age 61 years) and 55 controls (mean age 60 years). At baseline, balance and gait were evaluated extensively. The retropulsion test (response to sudden shoulder pull) was executed first unexpectedly and five more times following prior warning. All persons used standardised scoring forms to document their falls during six months. Thirty patients (50.8%) and eight controls (14.5%) fell at least once (relative risk [RR] 6.1;95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5–15.1,p < 0.001). Recurrent (≥2) falls occurred in 15 patients (25.4%), but in only two controls (RR 9.0;95% CI 2.0–41.7;p=0.001). Recurrent falls were more common among persons taking benzodiazepines (RR 5.0;95% CI 1.6–15.5;p < 0.01). Sixty-two percent of the falls in patients caused soft tissue injuries, but no fractures occurred. A fear of future falls was common (45.8% of patients) and was accompanied by restriction of daily activities (44.1% of patients). Seventy percent of falls reported by patients were ‘intrinsic’ (due to patient-related factors), but falls in controls were mainly (50%) ‘extrinsic’ (due to environmental factors). None of the baseline posture and gait variables predicted falls adequately. The first ‘unexpected’retropulsion test was more often abnormal than all subsequent (predictable) tests. Irrespective of its method of execution, the retropulsion test did not predict falls. A combination of asking for prior falls, disease severity and the Romberg test yielded the best overall diaginostc utility (sensitivity 65% and specificity 98%). Recurrent fallers were best predicted by disease severity (RR for Hoehn and Yahr stage 3 was > 100; 95% CI 3.1–585) and asking for prior falls (RR 5.0; 95% CI 1.2–20.9).
Eﬀicient Selective Disclosure on Smart Cards Using Idemix

In this paper we discuss an eﬃcient implementation for selective disclosure of attribute-based credentials on smart cards. In this context we concentrate on the implementation of this core feature of IBM’s Identity Mixer (Idemix) technology. Using the MULTOS platform we are the ﬁrst to provide this feature on a smart card. We compare Idemix with Microsoft’s U-Prove technology, as the latter also oﬀers selective disclosure of attributes and has been implemented on a smart card [9].
Nutrient Management Planning for Livestock Operations: An Overview

Modern agricultural production relies on the addition of plant nutri­ ents to cropland to ensure profitable production. Applying excessive nutrients beyond crop needs can reduce production efficiency as well as increase the potential for unfavorable impacts on surface and groundwater quality. Developing management strategies to determine fertilizer applications to best meet crop needs can be challenging. This is especially true when using animal manure as a fertilizer source (Figure 1).
The Complementary Roles of Information and Communication Technology in Bangladesh Agriculture

Agriculture is the important sector and key contributors to the national GDP of Bangladesh. Around 20.60% of the total GDP of the country comes from the agricultural sector. But, most of the farmers of Bangladesh are still in lack of modern agricultural knowledge. Farmers need to access ICT and take information of agriculture and others which put them in better position in economic activities. So, it is very important to provide the farmers with the modern ICT facilities as soon as possible. This paper also provides a present status of ICT in agriculture for the potential users (policy makers, researchers, teachers and students, and other activists) of agricultural information to work cooperatively. In this paper gives a concept of database that may be applied to provide agricultural information in the effective way in digitally divided geographical areas using Location Based Services. Proposed system will assist the govt. to provide services & accessibility of proper digital contents not only the farmers but also the researchers and other people who are interested in this sector. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jsf.v8i1-2.14639 J. Sci. Foundation, 8(1&2): 161-169, June-December 2010
New mania post acoustic neuroma resection: more than a coincidence

Mood disorder is a rare complication of acoustic neuroma resection, and therefore unlikely to be listed as a possible risk on a preoperative consent form. However, the occurrence of this has been recognised since as far back as 1914. This case study reports the new presentation of mania in a 65‐year‐old woman, seven weeks after surgical removal of an acoustic neuroma. The case study explores whether the acoustic neuroma and its surgical management could be directly causative of her psychiatric disorder, or whether it simply represents a psychological trigger in a susceptible patient.
Monitoring the Land surface temperature LST with different seasons for Babylon City using GIS and R.S techniques

This paper is based on the Sentinel-2 satellite data: the thermal, red, and NIR bands. The Babylon city was chosen in this study for different reasons: its location in the middle of Iraq and it represents the largest capitals of the Mesopotamia civilization in the word. The Land Surface Temperature (LST) was determined using a method that incorporates remote sensing, geographic information systems, and statistics. This process has made it possible to monitor the relationship between land usage and the land surface temperature for four seasons in the year 2021. The mapswere processed and analyzed by using ArcGIS software. Five maps of the LST were constructed. Each map represents different season, however, two maps in summer was introduced because it represents the longest and more effective season in Iraq. In these maps, the lowest LST appears in the water bodies and vegetative area while the arid areas showhighest values. From the results, the mechanical, military, industrial, transport and road enterprises have a significant influence on the exterior of earth temperature particular in center city where the high temperatures in contrast to the areas that include water bodies or agricultural activity.
Attenuation and anisotropy: The effect of extra fine layering

Layering that is finer than that typically resolved by sonic logging will contribute to apparent attenuation and anisotropy in the sonic-to-seismic frequency range. The significance of this contribution can be discerned through resolution enhancement of sonic and density logs. In this study a borehole compensated sonic and density log recorded in a cyclical sedimentary sequence have been enhanced by response matching with a high-resolution microresistivity log. The additional resolved layering increases the layer-induced dispersion by 50%, with the additional attenuation showing a peak with a Q of 135 at 1.2 kHz. The increase in average anisotropy is frequency dependent with a minimum increase of 50% at zero frequency. In the absence of high-resolution data, the effects of layering can be severely underestimated, resulting in poor estimates of the intrinsic properties of rocks and their pore fluids.
How large is the mantle source of ocean island basalts

The differentiation of the silicate Earth has resulted in formation of a continental crust enriched in elements that preferentially partition into silicate liquids such as Rb, Th, U, and the light rare earths, and a 'residual' mantle which is depleted in these elements. There have been many attempts to carry out a mass balance between the continents and the residual mantle using Nd and Sr isotope ratios and elemental abundances, in order to estimate the mean age of mantle depletion and the size of the depleted and undifferentiated mantle (e.g. Galer et al. 1989 and references therein). Most attempts have assumed that the source of mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) reasonably approximates the depleted mantle complement to the continental crust, and that ocean island basalt (OIB) sources are an insignificant portion of the depleted mantle. These studies have been used, for example, as geochemical arguments in favor of convective separation of the upper and lower mantle. However, the OIB source has been ignored mainly due to difficulties in constraining its size and mean isotopic composition. If OIB sources comprise a significant portion of the residual mantle, many conclusions based on balancing the continents with the MORB source alone would be invalid, as would corresponding inferences about the gross structure and composition of the mantle. In this abstract we present a path to constrain the sizes of the OIB, MORB, and primitive mantle reservoirs.
WIDER Working Paper No . 2013 / 135 REDD + as performance-based aid General lessons and bilateral agreements of Norway

REDD+, when it officially became part of the international climate agenda in 2007, was an idea about payment to countries and projects for reducing emission from forests, with funding primarily from carbon markets. REDD+ has since become multi-objective; the policy focus has changed from payments for environmental services (PES) to broader policies, and international funding is mainly coming from development aid budgets. This ‘aidification’ of REDD+ has made it similar to previous efforts of conditional, result-based, or performancebased aid (PBA). But, experience of PBA, in other sectors, has hardly been brought into the REDD+ debate. A major conclusion from earlier research is that aid cannot buy policy reforms, yet this remains a major idea in current REDD+ discourses. This paper reviews the main challenges in designing and implementing a system of PBA in terms of donor spending pressure, performance criteria, benchmark setting, risk sharing, and credibility, in terms of amount of funding provided. It then reviews four bilateral REDD+ agreements Norway has entered with Tanzania, Brazil, Guyana, and Indonesia. Some elements of performance-based payments were included, and these agreements and the aid experience provide valuable lessons for design and implementation of future REDD+ mechanism.
The role of eddies inside pores in the transition from Darcy to Forchheimer flows

We studied the role of intra‐pore eddies, from viscous to inertial flows, in modifying continuum‐scale flow inside pores. Flow regimes spanning Reynolds NumberRe∼ 0 to 1350 are divided into three zones – one zone follows Darcy flow, and the other two zones describe non‐Darcy or Forchheimer flow. During viscous flows, i.e.,Re < 1, stationary eddies occupy about 1/5 of the pore volume. Eddies grow when Re > 1, and their growth leads to the deviation from Darcy's law and the emergence of Forchheimer flow manifested as a characteristic reduction in the apparent hydraulic conductivity Ka. The reduction in Ka is due to the narrowing of the flow channel which is a consequence of the growth in eddies. The two zones of Forchheimer flow correspond to the changes in rate of reduction in Ka, which in turn are due to the changes in eddy growth rate. Since the characteristics of Forchheimer flow are specific to pore geometry, our results partly explain why a variety of Forchheimer models are expected and needed for different porous media.