Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BIO-FUELS: GREEN ENERGY FOR DEVELOPMENT

In the context of fast declining non-renewable energy reserves and deteriorating global environment, sustainable development is much dependent on wider adoption of bio-fuels. Different options of bio-fuels include bio-ethanol, bio-diesel and gasification of biomass to generate electricity. Ethanol extracted from molasses, a residue of sugarcane, saves country’s foreign exchange, benefits environment as carbon di-oxide emission is less. The plant species commonly used for ethanol production are sugarcane, maize, sweet sorghum and sugarbeet. Bio-diesel consists of the fatty acid esters of simple alcohol and can potentially replace a portion of diesel fuel used in transportation. Methyl and ethyl esters of rape, linseed and sunflower oils were prepared through transesterification using KOH and/or sodium alkoxides as catalysts. The seed oil of Jatropha curcas , a drought resistant tropical tree, has been identified as a potential source for the production of bio-diesel. On ecological and socio-economical grounds, use of biomass as solid fuels for the generation of electricity may be preferred to conversion of biomass to liquid fuels. The biomass crops suitable for the generation of electricity are silage maize, hemp, poplar, willow and eucalyptus. To gain a maximum benefit of energy crop, there has been pursuance of research and development on identifying these crops, their adoption into the farming systems with perfection of agronomic practices, monitoring ecological consequences and socio-economic feasibility. In the context of fast declining non-renewable energy reserves and deteriorating global environment, sustainable development is much dependent on wider adoption of bio-fuels. Different options of bio-fuels include bio-ethanol, bio-diesel and gasification of biomass to generate electricity. Ethanol extracted from molasses, a residue of sugarcane, saves country’s foreign exchange, benefits environment as carbon di-oxide emission is less. The plant species commonly used for ethanol production are sugarcane, maize, sweet sorghum and sugarbeet. Bio-diesel consists of the fatty acid esters of simple alcohol and can potentially replace a portion of diesel fuel used in transportation. Methyl and ethyl esters of rape, linseed and sunflower oils were prepared through transesterification using KOH and/or sodium alkoxides as catalysts. The seed oil of Jatropha curcas , a drought resistant tropical tree, has been identified as a potential source for the production of bio-diesel. On ecological and socio-economical grounds, use of biomass as solid fuels for the generation of electricity may be preferred to conversion of biomass to liquid fuels. The biomass crops suitable for the generation of electricity are silage maize, hemp, poplar, willow and eucalyptus. To gain a maximum benefit of energy crop, there has been pursuance of research and development on identifying these crops, their adoption into the farming systems with perfection of agronomic practices, monitoring ecological consequences and socio-economic feasibility.
Characteristics and spatial distribution of the rural non-point source pollution in Haihe River Basin

The emission characteristics of COD,TN,TP and NH3-N in Haihe River Basin which were discharged from three main kinds of rural non-point sources(NPS) including rural sewage,livestock and fertilizer loss were evaluated using pollution emission coefficient based on the national and provincial statistics in 2008,and the emission intensities and spatial distribution were analyzed.Total COD,TN,TP and NH3-N emission were 2435826,3042079,540568,1798760 t/a,and emission intensities were 11.10,13.97,2.98,8.28 t/(km2? a),respectively.The maximum NPS emission was from Hebei Province among the seven provinces in Haihe River Basin,and the rural sewage became the largest and top-priority controlling pollution sources among three kinds of NPS.Ziya River System was the largest receiving water of NPS pollutants among the nine river systems in Haihe River Basin.Tuhaimajia River System suffered from the largest NPS emission intensity and became the most heavily polluted river system,which was mainly resulted from the rural sewage discharged from Shandong Province.Moreover,the NPS pollutants emissions and emissions intensity were significantly regional distribution,the mountainous area presented a low pollution level and the plain area presented a high pollution levels.
Special educational needs and disability

Issues relating to the categorisation and labelling of pupils, and, the use of the terms ‘special educational needs’ and ‘disability’ in particular, have been the topic of debate in BJSE before. In this article, Sue Keil, a research officer at the Royal National Institute for the Blind (RNIB), Olga Miller, of the Institute of Education, University of London, and Rory Cobb, a development officer at the RNIB, summarise some of the key findings from a review carried out on behalf of the Disability Rights Commission (DRC). The authors highlight confusion over the use of terms that represent differing ideological perspectives. Despite the social focus that characterises much of the discourse about disability, disability is frequently regarded as an aspect of special educational needs, an area in which a medical model is often dominant. These confusions benefit neither children with disabilities nor those with less clearly-defined difficulties. Sue Keil, Olga Miller and Rory Cobb note with interest recent developments in Scotland where a new framework based on the concept of ‘additional support needs' separates disability from educational need and is intended to represent a more inclusive approach to children's learning.
Clinical practice guideline: treatment of the school-aged child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

This clinical practice guideline provides evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This guideline, the second in a set of policies on this condition, is intended for use by clinicians working in primary care settings. The initiation of treatment requires the accurate establishment of a diagnosis of ADHD; the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) clinical practice guideline on diagnosis of children with ADHD(1) provides direction in appropriately diagnosing this disorder. The AAP Committee on Quality Improvement selected a subcommittee composed of primary care and developmental-behavioral pediatricians and other experts in the fields of neurology, psychology, child psychiatry, education, family practice, and epidemiology. The subcommittee partnered with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Evidence-based Practice Center at McMaster University, Ontario, Canada, to develop the evidence base of literature on this topic. (2) The resulting systematic review, along with other major studies in this area, was used to formulate recommendations for treatment of children with ADHD. The subcommittee also reviewed the multimodal treatment study of children with ADHD(3) and the Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment report (CCOHTA). (4) Subcommittee decisions were made by consensus where definitive evidence was not available. The subcommittee report underwent extensive review by sections and committees of the AAP as well as by numerous external organizations before approval from the AAP Board of Directors. The guideline contains the following recommendations for the treatment of a child diagnosed with ADHD:
Geochemical evidence of shale gas existed in the Lower Paleozoic Sichuan basin

There is a set of source rocks with high maturity,high abundance of organic matter and good types in Cambrian Bottom and Silurian Bottom respectively in the Sichuan basin where the produced natural gas both belongs to oil-type gas generated from sapropelic matter.They can be regarded as exploration targets of shale gas.The shale source rocks in the southwestern Sichuan basin,thinned in radial pattern,are the thickest with the total thickness 100-400 m and organic carbon content 0.2%-9.98% with an average value of 0.97%;The Lower Silurian shale source rocks are always distributed in the southern and eastern Sichuan basin whose total thickness ranges from 100-700 m with an average thickness of 203 m.Among them,the black shale is rich in graptolite whose thickness is between 20-120 m and organic carbon content 0.4%-1.6%,and it mainly has type I organic matter,strong hydrocarbon generation capacity and high thermal evolution degree almost evolved to overmature stage.Although their hydrocarbon generation capability is nearly exhausted at the present time,it still indicates that the huge amount of natural gas has been generated in geological history because of its high hydrocarbon generation capacity.This paper suggests that Silurian bottom shale in the southern Sichuan basin can be selected as the top target for shale gas exploration in the Sichuan basin by comparison analysis on maturity,oil and gas migration and accumulation condition and mineral composition.
The Application of Virtual Reality Technology in the New Liberal Arts Environment

Under the background of new liberal arts construction, how to carry out new ideas, combine new technologies and implement new models in college curriculum teaching is the key to promote the major reform smoothly. By sorting out the optimization idea of international economic and trade course “international settlement”, combined with the application status of virtual reality technology in enterprise production practice, this paper discusses the integration idea of virtual reality technology and international settlement teaching, and analyzes some problems that should be paid attention to in the application process, which has practical signiﬁcance for cultivating high-level composite liberal arts talents required by the new era [1].
Antitrust

This is a survey of the economic principles that underlie antitrust law and how those principles relate to competition policy. We address four core subject areas: market power, collusion, mergers between competitors, and monopolization. In each area, we select the most relevant portions of current economic knowledge and use that knowledge to critically assess central features of antitrust policy. Our objective is to foster the improvement of legal regimes and also to identify topics where further analytical and empirical exploration would be useful.
*Academic Achievement: *Attitude change: College Students: Comparative Analysis: Emotional Response: Higher Education: Influences: Personality Traits: *Physical Characteristics: Psychological Patterns: *Self Concept: *Self Esteem: Self Evaluation

ABSTRACT Although self-concept is traditionally viewed as being fairly stable over time and situations, a more recent position takes note of the variability or inconsistency characteristic of certain aspects of the self-concept. To determine whether spontaneous self-esteem (SSE) increases when a valued aspect of self is made salient, college students completed a questionnaire dealing with level of satisfaction with personal physical attractiveness and academic progress. From these responses, subjects were divided into two groups. Students in the High Academic group (N=13) had positive feelings about their academic progress, but negative feelings about their physical attractiveness. Students in the High lttractive group (N=8) had positive feelings about their physical attractive^ess, but negative feelings about their academic progress. In later sessions, the SS'. of both groups was assessed in situations that made either physical attractiveness or academics salient. The High Academic-group had greater SSE in the academic than the attractiveness situation, whereas the High Attractive group tended to have greater SSE in the attractiveness rather than the academic situation. (Author/NRB)
Environmental Behavior of Atrazine in Soils: Detection of Environmental Concentrations Using HPLC and 14 C Under Controlled and Field Conditions at Saldaña-Tolima, Colombia

En este trabajo se optimizó y validó un método analítico que incluyó extracción, limpieza, y determinación cromatográfica por HPLC de los compuestos atrazina (AT), deetilatrazina (DEA) y deisopropilatrazina (DIA). Se analizaron muestras de suelo tomadas de una parcela sembrada comercialmente con maíz en el municipio de Saldaña, Tolima, tratada con el herbicida atrazina a una dosis de 2,4 Kg i.a/ha. No se detectaron los productos de degradación DIA y DEA en ninguna de las muestras. AT se encontró a una concentración de 233 μg/Kg a los 4 días después del tratamiento (ddt), de 137,0 μg/Kg a los 37 ddt y de 24,8 μg/Kg a los 70 ddt; en el muestreo a los 125 ddt no fue detectada.
Association between Alcohol Consumption and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Based on Alcohol Flushing Response in Men: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019–2021

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is distinguished by the buildup of excessive liver fat unrelated to alcohol consumption. However, the role of alcohol consumption on disease progression is debatable. Recently, alcohol flushing syndrome in Asian populations has gained interest, and its role in the risk of developing MASLD is unknown. Therefore, in this cross-sectional study, we investigated the association between alcohol consumption and MASLD in Korean men, considering their alcohol flushing response and utilizing the lipid accumulation product (LAP) score. Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019–2021) were analyzed. Participants were categorized into non-or-infrequent drinkers and light-to-heavy drinkers and further sub-classified based on alcohol flushing response as non-flushers and flushers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between alcohol consumption and MASLD risk in both non-flushers (aHR 1.90, 95% CI 1.51–2.40, p < 0.001) and flushers (aHR 2.35, 95% CI 1.94–2.84, p < 0.001) after adjusting for potential confounding factors such as age, exercise, smoking, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and fasting plasma glucose. There was a significant interaction between alcohol consumption and alcohol flushing response for MASLD risk (p for interaction < 0.001). These findings emphasize the importance of alcohol flushing as a potential indicator of MASLD risk in Korean men and highlight the need for further research to understand the underlying mechanisms and develop targeted preventive strategies.
MRI Evaluation of Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rabbit Model

To evaluate the feasibility of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) as a tool to identify the changes in the renal outer medulla (OM) in a rabbit model of renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). New Zealand rabbits were used in this study (control = 10 and IRI groups = 40). The rabbits in the IRI group were subjected to left renal artery clamping for 60 minutes. T2-weighted (T2WI) and SWI examinations were performed at 1 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after reperfusion (each n = 10). After the examinations, nephrectomy was performed for histologic evaluation. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for the left renal OM was measured using T2WI and SWI. The T2WI and SWI scores of the integrities of renal OM were evaluated. There were significant differences between T2WI CNRs and SWI CNRs at the control and IRI 1 h, 12 h, 48 h groups (all P < 0.05). No significant difference was founded between T2WI and SWI CNRs at IRI 24 h (P > 0.05). The mean SWI scores of renal OM in the IRI 1 h and 12 h groups were both significantly lower than that in the control group (all P < 0.05). The only significant difference of the mean T2WI scores of renal OM was observed between the control and IRI 1 h
Fundação Getulio Vargas Escola de Pós-Graduação em Economia-EPGE Micro Evidence on Brazilian Price Stickiness and its Consequences for Sectoral Real Exchange Rate and In ation Persistence

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the price-setting behavior in Brazil and, in particular, the e¤ects on ination and good-level real exchange rate persistence. This thesis is composed by three Chapters. In the rst Chapter, we present the main stylized facts about the behavior of retail prices in Brazil using micro data from the CPI index computed by the Fundação Getulio Vargas. Moreover we construct time series of price-setting statistics and relate them to macroeconomic variables using regression analyses. In Chapter 2, we investigated the relevance of heterogeneity in countries price stickiness on good-level real exchange rate persistence, considering a newly constructed panel data set of relative prices of 115 common products between the U.S. and Brazil. Chapter 3 is devoted to the relation between sectoral price stickiness and ination persistence.
The National Oceanographic Partnership Program, Ocean.US, and Real Movement Towards an Integrated and Sustained Ocean Observing System

integrated through a competent and robust Data Management and Communications (DMAC) System. In May of 2002, Ocean.US delivered the Workshop meeting Summary Plan for such a system to the National Ocean Research Leadership Council (NORLC), which immediately forwarded the plan to the President’s Science Advisor. In February 2003, following formal review of the Summary Plan by the National Science and Technology Council, the Plan was officially forwarded, unaltered, to the Congress by the White House. Follow on events have included a Regional Observing Summit in Washington, D.C. and the delivery of the DMAC Plan to Ocean.US.
Observations of Mariana Fruit Bats (Pteropus mariannus) in the upper Talofofo watershed on southern Guam

Mariana fruit bat populations ( Pteropus mariannus) on Guam have declined dramatically since the 1950s. The last island-wide survey in 1984 estimated 450-525 animals on northern Guam; no bats were counted on southern Guam. During June-July 1996, we conducted early morning surveys for Mariana fruit bats from eight stations in the upper Talofofo River watershed on southern Guam. We recorded three sightings of solitary bats in flight. We also compiled 35 incidental obser- vations of mostly solitary bats from 1985-1999. Our data suggest that small numbers of fruit bats reside in the watershed, primarily on lands protected by a U.S. Navy base. Disturbance associated with poaching may preclude larger roosts.
learning zone CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT Aims and intended learning outcomes

Gallstones affect about 12% of men and 24% of women in the UK. Although many people have gallstones, only 10% have symptoms and require treatment (Nunes and Beckingham 2005). As a result about 40,000 cholecystectomies are performed each year. Only 10% of gallstones are radiopaque and visible on a plain abdominal X-ray (Sanders and Kingsnorth 2007). A laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the surgical removal of the gall bladder and gallstones using laparoscopic technology in a process also known as keyhole or minimally invasive surgery. It is the gold standard treatment of choice for virtually all patients with symptomatic gall bladder stones (Nunes and Beckingham 2005). It is important that surgical nurses have an understanding of gallstone disease and the surgical procedure, to ensure that patients are cared for not only empathetically but also safely and effectively.
Time-lapse imaging using regularized FWI: a robustness study

SUMMARYFull Waveform Inversion (FWI) is an appealing technique fortime-lapse imaging, especially when the prior model informa-tion is included into the workﬂow. After baseline reconstruc-tion, several strategies such as: differential, parallel difference,and sequential difference can be used to assess the physical pa-rameter changes. Using the synthetic Marmousi data-sets, westudy which strategy could be more robust and give more accu-rate time-lapse velocity changes in the presence of noise. Weillustrate that the sequential difference method, starting from areconstructed baseline model and inverting the monitor data-set,can give a better result in the case of random ambient noise.However, the differential approach could also be interesting ifthe time-lapse response can be preserved from the noise level.INTRODUCTIONFWI is an alternative technique for velocity model building thatallows the reconstruction of high-resolution velocity models ofthesubsurfacethroughtheextractionofthefullinformationcon-tentofseismicdata(Tarantola,1984;VirieuxandOperto,2009). SincetheFWIapproachdelivershighresolutionquantitativeim-ages of macro-scale physical parameter, it could be a good can-didate for monitoring applications to reconstruct the parametervariation through a time evolution.Thetime-lapsereconstructionprocedurecanbedividedintotwosteps: (1) the baseline and (2) the monitor model reconstruc-tions. In order to obtain a robust high resolution time-lapseimage, it is necessary to reconstruct both baseline and monitormodels in a robust way. Recently, Asnaashari et al. (2012) haveproposedaregularizedFWIschemebasedontwomodelpenaltyterms in the misﬁt deﬁnition in addition to the data term: theTikhonov term (Tikhonov and Arsenin, 1977) to ensure smooth-ness, and a prior model term to attract the inversion towards agiven direction. The prior model misﬁt term is a way to in-troduce prior information into FWI workﬂow. For monitoringpurposes, where many different data types have been collectedin the target zone, such as sonic logs or stratigraphic recordings,such prior information should be used to increase the baselinereliability and accuracy, and also to recover time-lapse changesaccurately.Inthesecondstepofmonitoring,severalapproachescanbeusedfor the monitor reconstruction. The
AUDIO SIGNAL CLASSIFICATION

Audio signal classification system analyzes the input audio signal and creates a label that describes the signal at the output. These are used to characterize both music and speech signals. The categorization can be done on the basis of pitch, music content, music tempo and rhythm. The signal classifier analyzes the content of the audio format thereby extracting information about the content from the audio data. This is also called audio content analysis, which extends to retrieval of content information from signals. In this report the implementation of the audio signal classification is presented. A number of features such as pitch, timbral, rhythmic features have been discussed with reference to their ability to distinguish the different audio formats. The selection of the important features as well as the common techniques used for classification has been explained. Finally an approach called the confusion matrix has been studied in order to evaluate performance of the classification system.
From Editor's desk

This year we planned to take out a Special Issue 1 of Indian Journal Pathology and Microbiology (IJPM) besides the routine quarterly issues. The topic selected was “Genito urinary and Gynaecologic Pathology including Breast. ” The reason behind selecting these subheads was to give a wider coverage and also to have a better overview of this specialty in one place. The idea of publishing a Special Issue 1 of IJPM on these particular topics came to my mind while sending the articles for peer review. The in surge of the articles received was majorly related to these topics. This made me ponder that the main theme of research is in these fields maybe due to an increase in the number of cases or to the better diagnostic approach. Incredible scientific progress invokes not only an interest among the readers but also incites them into carrying out similar activities. The topics have been aptly short listed.There were a good number of articles received and of high standard. Depending on the response we would plan further such Special Issue 1s on burning topics that would be of interest for our existing as well as new readers.