Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Order Norm Completions of Cone Metric Spaces

In this article, a completion theorem for cone metric spaces and a completion theorem for cone normed spaces are proved. The completion spaces are constructed by means of an equivalence relation defined via an ordered cone norm on the Banach space E whose cone is strongly minihedral and ordered closed. This order norm has to satisfy the generalized absolute value property. In particular, if E is a Dedekind complete Banach lattice, then, together with its absolute value norm, satisfy the desired properties.
A topological investigation of network determinants

Polynomials associated with network functions are investigated by simple topological methods.The main result is contained in Theorem 1, which states that the determinant of the nodal admittance matrix P of a connected RLC network without transformers is of the form:det P=[Polynomial in λ containing a constant term and of degree (2N+2−SC−SCR−SL−SLR)]/λN+1−SL−SLR.Here, λ is the complex frequency variable, N is the number of nodes in the network and SC, SCR, SL and SLR are the connectivities of those sub-networks of the given network formed, respectively, of the capacitors only, the capacitors and resistors only, the inductors only and the inductors and resistors only.This result is based upon an expression for det P as the sum of tree-products, which are defined.A dual result is obtained for the determinant of the loop-impedance matrix, and the extension to other network functions is indicated, the driving-point admittance function being taken as an example.
Quench characteristics of HTS tapes with alternating currents above their critical currents

In this study, the dependence of quench characteristics of HTS tapes on the amplitude of current and duration time was investigated by applying alternating current (AC) that is several times over the critical currents of HTS tapes. When the applied AC/sub peak/ was up to three times of critical current, the joule heat was not cooled down by LN/sub 2/ completely. However, when the over-current reached four times of critical current, the superconducting region began to decrease gradually and the total resistance of HTS tapes increased rapidly. Finally, we analyzed the quench development using voltage-current characteristics and examined the influence of pitch angles on resistance increase.
A standard data set for performance analysis of advanced IR image processing techniques

Modern IR cameras are increasingly equipped with built-in advanced (often non-linear) image and signal processing algorithms (like fusion, super-resolution, dynamic range compression etc.) which can tremendously influence performance characteristics. Traditional approaches to range performance modeling are of limited use for these types of equipment. Several groups have tried to overcome this problem by producing a variety of imagery to assess the impact of advanced signal and image processing. Mostly, this data was taken from classified targets and/ or using classified imager and is thus not suitable for comparison studies between different groups from government, industry and universities. To ameliorate this situation, NATO SET-140 has undertaken a systematic measurement campaign at the DGA technical proving ground in Angers, France, to produce an openly distributable data set suitable for the assessment of fusion, super-resolution, local contrast enhancement, dynamic range compression and image-based NUC algorithm performance. The imagery was recorded for different target / background settings, camera and/or object movements and temperature contrasts. MWIR, LWIR and Dual-band cameras were used for recording and were also thoroughly characterized in the lab. We present a selection of the data set together with examples of their use in the assessment of super-resolution and contrast enhancement algorithms.
A taxonomy of finite automata construction algorithms

This paper presents a taxonomy of finite automata construction algorithms. Each algorithm is classified into ODe of two families: those based upon the structure of regular expressions, and those based upon the automata-theoretic work of Myhill and Nerode. Many of the algorithms appearing in the literature are based upon the structure of regular expressions. In this paper, we make this term precise by defining regular expressions as a ~>term algebra, and automata constructions as various E-algebras of automata. Each construction algorithm is then presented as the unique natural homomorphism from the Eterm algebra of regular expressions to the appropriate E-algebra of automata. The concept of duality is introduced and used to derive more practical construction algorithms. In this way, we successfully present (and relate) algorithms given by Thompson, Berry and Sethi, McNaughton and Yamada, Glushkov, and Aho, Sethi, and Ullman. Efficient implementations (including those due to Chang and Paige, and Briiggemann-Klein) are also treated. As a side-effect we derive several new algorithms. A pair of impractical, but theoretically interesting, construction algorithms were presented by Myhill and Nerode. Some encoding techniques are used to make the algorithms practical giving Brzozowski's algorithm based upon derivatives. DeRemer's algorithm is derived as an encoding of Brzozowski's algorithm. Two new algorithms, related to DeRemer's, are derived. Lastly, this family of algorithms is related to the first family. In addition to classifying the algorithms, we identify (and abstract from) the coding tricks and implementation details present in many of the published algorithms. This paper also presents an introduction to finite automata, E-algebras, and their properties.
Intrusions into the tropical upper troposphere: Three-dimensional structure and accompanying ozone and OLR distributions

Abstract The evolution and structure of stratospheric intrusions into the upper troposphere (UT) over the northern tropical Pacific is examined in terms of both potential vorticity (PV) and ozone (O3). Analysis of 20 years of NCEP–NCAR reanalysis PV shows that the intrusion events have remarkably similar evolution and structure at 350 K, with all events producing narrow tongues of high PV that have an almost north–south orientation and last around 3 days. Nearly all events extend up into the lower stratosphere, but only for a small percentage is there deep downward penetration. The intrusions explain a large amount of the observed variability in upper tropospheric O3 above Hilo, Hawaii, with large values occurring when a tongue of high PV passes over Hilo and low values when Hilo is just upstream of a high-PV tongue. There is also an increase in total column ozone within the PV tongues, but for most intrusions the increase is relatively small. The relationship between deep convection, as diagnosed by sate.
Conditionally invariant measures for Anosov maps with small holes

We study Anosov diffeomorphisms on surfaces in which some small ‘holes’ are cut. The points that are mapped into those holes disappear and never return. We assume that the holes are arbitrary open domains with piecewise smooth boundary, and their sizes are small enough. The set of points whose trajectories never enter holes under the past iterations of the map is a Cantor-like union of unstable fibers. We establish the existence and uniqueness of a conditionally invariant measure on this set, whose conditional distributions on unstable fibers are smooth. This generalizes previous works by Pianigiani, Yorke, and others.
A Tightly Coupled Particle-Fluid Model for DNA-Laden Flows in Complex Microscale Geometries

We present a stable and convergent method for the computation of flows of DNA-laden fluids in microchannels with complex geometry. The numerical strategy combines a ball–rod model representation for polymers coupled tightly with a projection method for incompressible viscous flow. We use Cartesian grid embedded boundary methods to discretize the fluid equations in the presence of complex domain boundaries. A sample calculation is presented showing flow through a packed array microchannel in two dimensions.
The search for dark matter via strong lens inversions of galaxy clusters using genetic algorithms

Gravitational lensing provides a direct means for measuring the masses of galaxies and galaxy clusters. Provided that enough constraints are available, one might even hope to obtain a handle on the precise distribution of the mass, which in turn may reveal information about the spatial distribution of the dark matter. We present an approach using genetic algorithms, allowing the user to ‘breed’ solutions which are compatible with availab le strong lensing data. The procedure allows various types of constraints to be used, including positional information, null-space information, and time-delay measurements. The method is non-parametric in the sense that it does not assume a particular shape of the mass distribution. This is accomplished by placing circularly symmetric basis functions ‐ projected Plummer spheres ‐ on a dynamic grid in the lens plane. Using simulations, we show that our procedure is able construct a mass distribution and source positions that are compatible with a given set of observations. We discuss the degeneracies that are inherent to lens inversion (and hence any lens inversion technique) and that limit the potential of strong lensing to yield precise estimates of the dark -matter distribution. We show how these degeneracies cause most of the differences between inversions of the same lensing cluster by different authors, using the famous cluster Cl 0024+1654 as a working example.
Farmer heterogeneity and differential livelihood impacts of oil palm expansion among smallholders in Sumatra, Indonesia

The study examines the heterogeneous livelihood impacts of oil palm expansion among smallholder farmers in Jambi Province, Sumatra. Per-capita annual consumption expenditure (PACE) is chosen as a quantitative measure of livelihood status of farm-households. Its determinants are estimated using standard treatment-effect and endogenous switching regression models. After controlling for self-selection bias, adopters of oil palm are found increasing their PACE significantly in comparison to the counterfactual. On the other hand, most of the non-adopters are better-off without oil palm, presenting a strong case of comparative advantage. Differential consumption impacts of observed variables are evident across adoption and non-adoption regimes. In general, farm-households with higher opportunity cost of family labour benefit disproportionately more with oil palm adoption.
An accurate and efficient Riemann solver with tangent velocities for Godunov schemes in special relativistic hydrodynamics

In order to numerically integrate the special relativistic hydrodynamics (SRHD) equations through a Godunov scheme, the use of an exact Riemann solver having a low computational cost is proposed. The solver works through a Newton iterative method in pressure, by using a preliminary detection of the wave pattern and an integration by series of the ODE for the normal velocity across a rarefaction wave. A comparison with the solver of Martì and Müller shows about a 90% reduction of the computational cost. The present Riemann solver has been used inside a first‐order Godunov scheme, in order to test the solver for high jumps of the primitive variables, perhaps avoiding certain numerical manipulations (e.g. limiting filters and multi‐step integration schemes). The time evolution of a two‐dimensional mixing layer is finally considered and a comparison with the solution obtained from a HLL method is carried out.
Fast and Robust Adaptation of DFT-Domain Volterra Filters in Diagonal Coordinates Using Iterated

This paper presents a novel data-reusing technique for implementing adaptive discrete Fourier transform (DFT) do- main Volterrafilters in diagonal coordinates having arbitrary non- linear order. In general, a major drawback of such nonlinear fil- ters is the large number of parameters. Thus, a weak excitation of higher-order kernels results in a slow convergence for system iden- tification tasks. In order to exploit the available innovation of the signalsmoreeffectively,eachdataframeisprocessedforaspecified number ofiterationsinanoverlap-savescheme,therebyenhancing the convergence performance. Due to inherent recursions of the re- peated filtering and updating steps, this concept also lends itself to a fast algorithm, requiring only a moderate increase in algorithmic complexity over a baseline implementation. A detailed comparison of the required number of multiplications is given for several dif- ferentalgorithmversions.Despitetherelativelysimpleconcept,the outlinediterationalgorithmexhibitssignificantgainsinbothadap- tation speed and steady-state convergence. This is demonstrated by various experiments for both stationary noise and speech input considering an application of nonlinear acoustic echo cancellation. Finally, investigations on the tracking behavior for time-variant nonlinearities and robustness against misdetection of double-talk situations confirm the promising benefits and good trade-off of the proposed iterated coefficient updates Volterra filters approach.
A pre‐operational variational data assimilation system for a non‐hydrostatic model at the Japan Meteorological Agency: formulation and preliminary results

A new variational data assimilation system for a non‐hydrostatic model is being developed at the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) for operational use. Known as the JMA non‐hydrostatic model variational data assimilation (JNoVA) system, it mainly functions as a four‐dimensional variational data assimilation system, although it has an option to be used as a three‐dimensional system.
Mesoscale predictability of an extreme warm-season precipitation event

Abstract A mesoscale model is used to investigate the mesoscale predictability of an extreme precipitation event over central Texas on 29 June 2002 that lasted through 7 July 2002. Both the intrinsic and practical aspects of warm-season predictability, especially quantitative precipitation forecasts up to 36 h, were explored through experiments with various grid resolutions, initial and boundary conditions, physics parameterization schemes, and the addition of small-scale, small-amplitude random initial errors. It is found that the high-resolution convective-resolving simulations (with grid spacing down to 3.3 km) do not produce the best simulation or forecast. It was also found that both the realistic initial condition uncertainty and model errors can result in large forecast errors for this warm-season flooding event. Thus, practically, there is room to gain higher forecast accuracy through improving the initial analysis with better data assimilation techniques or enhanced observations, and through impr.
Robust calibration for estimating the population mean using stratified random sampling

Estimating the population mean is of prime concern in many studies, and calibrations are popular choices. A robust calibration estimator estimates the mean using the minimum covariance determinant (MCD) and the minimum volume ellipsoid (MVE) estimations under stratified random sampling. Efficiency comparisons have been made between the robust calibration estimator and classical calibration estimator. Simulations and empirical results show that the proposed robust calibration estimator has a lower mean square error than the calibration estimators. When the relative efficiency and computation times are considered together, it is seen that the proposed robust calibration estimators based on MCD estimates are more efficient.
Coherent structures in canopy edge flow: a large-eddy simulation study

Large coherent structures over vegetation canopies are responsible for a substantial part of the turbulent transfer of momentum, heat and mass between the canopy and the atmosphere. As forested landscapes are often fragmented, edge regions may be of importance in turbulent transfer. The development of coherent structures from the leading edge of a forest is investigated here for the first time. For this purpose, the turbulent flow over a clearing–forest pattern is simulated using the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS). In previous studies the code has been modified so as to simulate turbulent flows at very fine scale (0.1h, where h is the mean canopy height) within and above heterogeneous vegetation canopies, using a large-eddy simulation (LES) approach. Validations have also been performed over homogeneous forest canopies and over a simple forest–clearing–forest pattern, against field and wind-tunnel measurements. Here, a schematic picture of the development of coherent eddies downstream from the leading edge of a forest is extracted from the mean vorticity components, the Q-criterion field, the cross-correlation of the wind velocity components and the length and separation length scales of coherent structures, determined by using a wavelet transform. This schematic picture shows strong similarities with the development of coherent structures observed in a mixing layer, with four different regions: (i) close to the edge, Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities develop when a strong wind gust hits the canopy; (ii) these instabilities roll over to form transverse vortices from around 3h downstream from the edge, characterized by a length scale close to the depth of the internal boundary layer that develops from the canopy edge; (iii) secondary instabilities destabilize these rollers and increase the vertical and streamwise vorticity components from around 6h, and two counter-rotating streamwise vortices appear; (iv) at about 9h the initial rollers have become complex three-dimensional coherent structures, with spatially constant mean length and separation length scales. These four stages of development occur closer to the edge with increasing canopy density. While this average picture of the development of coherent structures is similar to that observed in a mixing layer, the analysis of instantaneous fields shows that coherent structures behind the leading edge appear as resulting from the ‘branching’ of tubes localized in regions of low pressure, where their cores are characterized by high values of enstrophy and Q-criterion.
Superelastic and Shape Memory Effects in Laminated Shape-Memory-Alloy Beams

A simple shape-memory-alloy (SMA) model to simulate the superelastic behavior as well as the shape memory effect is proposed. It considers only the transformations from austenite to single-variant martensite and from single-variant martensite to austenite, taking into account the ine uence of the temperature in the constitutive relationship. The proposed SMA constitutive model is employed in a novel layerwise beam theory to develop new SMA beam e nite element models with suitable interpolation of the e eld variables involved. The e nite element models developed herein account for the time evolution SMA constitutive equations. In particular, the developed e nite elements treat the SMA material as reinforcement of elastic beams. Several applications are presented to assess the validity of the constitutive model and the proposed numerical procedure.
Accuracy of the Apple Watch Series 6 and the Whoop Band 3.0 for assessing heart rate during resistance exercises

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine heart rate accuracy measured by wearable devices during resistance exercises at various intensities. Twenty-nine participants (16 female) aged 19–37 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed five resistance exercises; Barbell Back Squat, Barbell Deadlift, Dumbbell Curl to Overhead Press, Seated Cable Row, and Burpees. During the exercises, heart rate was concurrently measured using the Polar H10, the Apple Watch Series 6 and the Whoop 3.0. The Apple Watch had high agreement with the Polar H10 during Barbell Back Squats, Barbell Deadlift, and Seated Cable Rows (rho > 0.832) and moderate to low agreement during Dumbbell Curl to Overhead Press and Burpees (rho > 0.364). The Whoop Band 3.0 had high agreement with the Polar H10 during Barbell Back Squats (r > 0.697), moderate agreement during Barbell Deadlift and Dumbbell Curl to Overhead Press (rho > 0.564) and low agreement during Seated Cable Rows and Burpees (rho > 0.383). The results varied across exercises and intensities and indicated the most favourable outcomes for the Apple Watch. In conclusion, our data suggest that the Apple Watch Series 6 is suitable for measuring heart rate during exercise prescription or monitoring resistance exercise performance.
UV LED lithography with digitally tunable exposure dose

Abstract. This paper reports the development of a low-cost, portable, light-emitting diode (LED)-based ultraviolet (UV) exposure system. The major system components include UV-LEDs, a microcontroller, a digital-to-analog converter, and LED control circuitry. Through its front panel with a liquid crystal display and keypad, the UV-LED lithography system is able to receive user-defined values for exposure time and power, which allows the exposure dose to be tunable on demand. Compared to standard mask aligners, the UV-LED lithography system is a fraction of the cost, is simpler to construct using off-the shelf components, and does not require a complex infrastructure to operate. Such a reduction in system cost and complexity renders UV-LED lithography a perfect candidate for microlithography with large process windows typically suitable for MEMS, microfluidics applications.
Feasibility, reliability and validity of a modified approach to goal attainment scaling to measure goal outcomes following cognitive remediation in a residential substance use disorder rehabilitation setting

ABSTRACT Objective Although person-centred outcome measures have been recommended to evaluate cognitive rehabilitation interventions, few validated measures have been developed for this purpose. The current study examined aspects of feasibility, reliability and validity of a modified version of goal attainment scaling that uses a goal menu, calculator and control goals. Method Participants were N=25 female residents of a substance use disorder therapeutic community who were allocated to a four-week cognitive remediation (n=13) or treatment as usual (n=12) control group in a controlled sequential groups trial. Modified goal attainment scaling was used to set goals. Limited efficacy and efficiency, quality appraisal criteria, and convergent and discriminant validity of target and control goals were used to examine feasibility, reliability and content validity, and construct validity, respectively. Results Target goals were achieved at a higher rate than control goals for the Intervention, but not Control, group, with a medium effect size (r = 0.5). The approach was efficient and 44% of reliability and 75% of content validity criteria were met. Target goals correlated more strongly than control goals with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Adult version. Conclusions The modified approach to goal attainment scaling demonstrated aspects of feasibility, reliability and validity. Key points What is already known about this topic: Cognitive remediation is a promising intervention for people with substance use disorder. Goal attainment scaling captures individualised person-centred goals. There is much variability in the quality and application of goal attainment scaling. What this topic adds: Modified goal attainment scaling is feasible in substance use disorder treatment research. Modified goal attainment scaling meets several reliability and validity criteria. Modified goal attainment scaling can be used to generate an effect size using nonparametric techniques.