Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid AAPSM compliance methodology to ensure design for manufacturing

Dark field Alternating Aperture Phase Shift Mask (AAPSM) technology has developed into an enabling Resolution Enhancement Technology (RET) in the sub-100nm semiconductor device era. As phase shift masks are increasingly used to resolve features beyond just the most critical (for example transistor gates on the poly layer) the probability of phase conflicts (same phase across a feature) has increased tremendously. It has become imperative to introduce design practices that enable the semiconductor fabrication to take advantage of the improved performance that AAPSM delivers. In this paper we analyze the different causes for phase conflicts and the appropriate methods for detecting them, thus building the basis for the Hybrid AAPSM compliance flow. This approach leverages the strengths of existing DRC tools and the AAPSM conversion software. The approach is effective for minimizing the area penalty, thus very effective for density driven designs. By design, it is suited for custom or semi-custom layouts.
Scattering from an impedance cylinder embedded in a non-concentric ferrite cylinder

Abstract The problem of electromagnetic scattering from an impedance cylinder embedded in a non-concentric ferrite cylinder is solved rigorously by using a classical separation of variables technique combined with the addition theorem of cylindrical functions. The two cylinders are assumed to be infinite in length and of circular cross-section. A TM-polarized wave incident normally on the cylinders is considered. Numerical results for various values of the parameters are considered.
Digital Methods Applied to Power Flow Studies

This paper attempts to present the theoretical foundations of different methods of solution developed for load flow problems in a didactic form. The load flow problem is first defined. A classification of different methods of solution is proposed. This classification consists of three groups: nodal admittance, variational, and nodal impedance matrix methods. Convergence characteristics of several methods programmed by the authors are presented, using the example system given by Ward and Hale. Finally, criteria for comparison of different methods and possible future developments are presented.
Modelagem computacional do fluxo unidimensional de água em meio não saturado do solo

Study of water flow in the unsaturated soil zone is of great importance for research related to the water availability for crop development. Due to the high cost, the time required and the human effort in the field investigations, mathematical models combined with numerical techniques and computational advances are important tools in the prediction of these studies. This work aimed to solve the Richards's non-linear partial differential equation by applying the Finite Element Method. Adaptability with "h" refinement of the finite element mesh was used in the spatial approximation, while Explicit Euler scheme was applied for the time derivative. The polynomial interpolation function used was of degree two, and ensured the mass conservation of the adaptation strategy. To validate the model, data available in the literature were used. Use of the polynomial interpolation function with degree two and the "h" refinement, with considerable reduction of the computational runtime allowed good agreement in comparison to solutions available in the literature.
Design of Auto-Stabilization Control Technique for a Quadrotor System

This paper presents the design of auto-stabilization control technique for a quadrotor system. Aquadrotor is a highly nonlinear and has to be stabilized by a suitable control technique. Therefore, the main focus of this research is to design an appropriate control algorithm that able to auto-stabilize the quadrotor at hover. The dynamic modeling of the quadrotor is described by sets of equations of motion that are derived based on the Newton-Euler formalism with the implementation of UKF for parameter identification and state estimation. The control strategy adopted includes feedback linearization coupled with Proportional-Derivative (PD) controller for the translational subsystem and backstepping based Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller for the rotational subsystem. It is developed in MATLAB/Simulink platform and is validated via real-time implementation. Both controllers give satisfactory simulation results, where acceptable peak of overshoot and small steady state errors are achieved. Experimentally, the throttle is controlled in manual mode while attitude angles are stabilized automatically. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is able to effectively stabillized the quadrotor.
A site for sore eyes

How come there are so many business Websites out there that are digital dross? This is the best value, most ubiquitous marketing tool of our time, yet too many companies have a site that does them no favours whatsoever. Indeed, if their advertising, PR and brochures were as bad they'd be firing somebody. The errors fall into five main categories: the content is dated (yes, already); the content looks as though it was put together by someone the day after he bought Pagemill (it probably was); the content addresses the wrong visitor to the site; using the site is complex, or slow, or both; finally, the biggest fault, the site doesn't have a clear commercial purpose. The author addresses these errors.
A Building Energy Efficiency Optimization Method by Evaluating the Effective Thermal Zones Occupancy

Building energy efficiency is strongly linked to the operations and control systems, together with the integrated performance of passive and active systems. In new high quality buildings in particular, where these two latter aspects have been already implemented at the design stage, users’ perspective, obtained through post-occupancy assessment, has to be considered to reduce whole energy requirement during service life. This research presents an innovative and low-cost methodology to reduce buildings’ energy requirements through post-occupancy assessment and optimization of energy operations using effective users’ attitudes and requirements as feedback. As a meaningful example, the proposed method is applied to a multipurpose building located in New York City, NY, USA, where real occupancy conditions are assessed. The effectiveness of the method is tested through dynamic simulations using a numerical model of the case study, calibrated through real monitoring data collected on the building. Results show that, for the chosen case study, the method provides optimized building energy operations which allow a reduction of primary energy requirements for HVAC, lighting, room-electricity, and auxiliary supply by about 21%. This paper shows that the proposed strategy represents an effective way to reduce buildings’ energy waste, in particular in those complex and high-efficiency buildings that are not performing as well as expected during the concept-design-commissioning stage, in particular due to the lack of feedback after the building handover.
Expected Fatigue Damage of Road Vehicles due to Road Excitation

Abstract A fundamental theoretical study is performed for the computation of the expected fatigue damage of the main structures of a road vehicle running on a randomly profiled road. The expected fatigue damage can be estimated according to Miner's rule and Rain-Flow counting employing Rychlik method. Referring to a 2 d.o. f. mechanical system, the standard deviations of the random forces on acting on the body and on the wheel are computed symbolically by means of the Power Spectral Density Method. The influence on damage of vehicle parameters is discussed.
PUNCHING UP OR TURNING AWAY? WHEN PALESTINIANS UNFRIEND JEWS IN ISRAEL

We present the first study of Facebook unfriending in the context of the relations between a social minority and majority. We conducted in-depth interviews with 20 ‘48 Palestinians (Palestinian citizens of Israel) that explored their unfriending of Jewish Israeli Facebook friends. Nearly all of the interviewees reported unfriending a Jewish Israeli against a background of racist hate speech. For the more politically-oriented interviewees, unfriending was a kind of punching up, an expression of power in a context where they are structurally disadvantaged. These interviewees reported more positive feelings about the act of unfriending (e.g. relief) and active feelings about the behavior that caused the unfriending (especially anger). Politically inactive interviewees showed more negative and passive feelings (disappointment in their Jewish Facebook friends, and fear). For them, unfriending was more like walking away from troubling interactions (because of anti-Arab racism), or withdrawing from social surveillance that could lead to trouble with employers or their college/university. Where dyadic pairs on Facebook enjoy more or less equal social standing, then there may be something to Facebook’s belief that connecting people across the world can improve cross-cultural understanding. However, when one social group enjoys power over another, it would seem that the positive potential of online ties is limited. This study thus sheds new light on online tie management in the context of structural inequality.
An experimental study of the spanwise correlation of vortex shedding in the towing tank

Although there are many correlation studies dedicated to the vortex shedding of cylinders in wind tunnels, the experiments conducted in water have not been carried out well before, especially for the flexible cylinder. In order to investigate this area, the present experiment was conducted in a towing tank and both the rigid and flexible cylinders were used. Various results are obtained including the correlation coefficients, correlation lengths and probability distribution, which exhibit several valuable features. Firstly, the correlation coefficients of the flexible cylinder are more irregular than that of the rigid cylinder. Secondly, the correlation lengths have visual peaks at Re ≈ 5.0 ∼ 6.0 × 103 for both the rigid and flexible cylinders, and a sharp decrease after this region should involve the inception of vortex dislocations. In addition, the analysis of root mean square and probability density function of the phase drift gives more insights of the vortex shedding along the spanwise different cross-sections.
Block‐Mode Lattice Reduction for Low‐Complexity MIMO Detection

We propose a very‐low‐complexity lattice‐reduction (LR) algorithm for multi‐input multi‐output detection in time‐varying channels. The proposed scheme reduces the complexity by performing LR in a block‐wise manner. The proposed scheme takes advantage of the temporal correlation of the channel matrices in a block and its impact on the lattice transformation matrices during the LR process. From this, the proposed scheme can skip a number of redundant LR processes for consecutive channel matrices and performs a single LR in a block. As the Doppler frequency decreases, the complexity reduction efficiency becomes more significant.
Steady-State Models for the Movement of Soil and Straw During Tillage with a Single Sweep

A concept of steady-state movement, which mathematically describes the amount of soil and straw moving by a sweep, is proposed. A sweep model for the steady-state movement of soil and straw in front of a sweep was developed and validated by an experiment conducted in an indoor soil bin using three different lengths of oat straw and a 325 mm wide sweep. Existing soil-cutting models were also applied to the development of steady-state models. A three-dimensional model based on an earlier model model was developed for narrow tools; and a two-dimensional model originally proposed for earthmoving machines was developed for wide tools. The results of a validation exercise indicated that these steady-state models would predict the amount of soil and straw moving during tillage with a sweep even though the sweep was a wide tool at the tillage depth of 100 mm. However, the three-dimensional model and the two-dimensional model highly overestimated the amount of straw moving by a sweep. A possible reason was that the three-dimensional model was based on a model that was developed for a narrow blade but not a sweep. The sweep model proposed in this study provided the best results among these three models considering predicting both soil and straw moving zones. The relative error of the sweep model was 22% or less when predicting the amount of soil moving, and less than 12% when predicting the amount of straw moving. Application of existing soil-cutting models to the steady-state movement of soil and straw needs further study.
Área de equilibrio bajo el enfoque de la lógica borrosa en el sector de cerámica plana de Ecuador

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio es explicar una herramienta novedosa para determinar un área de equilibrio a través de intervalos de confianza (bandas) con la finalidad de reducir la incertidumbre, desarrollando las técnicas del expertizaje y contraexpertizaje, se determinan límites para los costos fijos y variables para las empresas del sector cerámico en mención. En lo metodológico la investigación se enfoca al plano cuantitativo, por medio de herramientas de vanguardia propias de la lógica difusa, para el cálculo del área de equilibrio de mercado. Los resultados Qe = [19.065,67, 32.268,52] metros cuadrados de cerámica plana, explican que cualquier valor que se localice dentro de los limites superior e inferior de la banda o intervalo de confianza no obtiene perdidas ni beneficios. Esta forma novedosa de cálculo, permitirá mejorar la gestión empresarial a través de una eficiente toma de decisiones a nivel de gerencia
Vitamin D Level Status and Hypertension among Old Adult Iraqi People in Al Hillah City

Background: Vitamin D has different biological actions in the body . Vitamin D has the pleiotropic effects in multiple organ systems, and vitamin D deficiency was suggested to be associated with high blood pressure according to previous reports. Several interventional studies have examined the effect of vitamin D supplementation on high blood pressure patients Objective : to identify Vitamin D level and its correlate with hypertension among old adults. Methodology: This was across sectional descriptive observational study included convenient sample of elderly people in Hilla City ,Babylon province, the period of the study started from the first of January through August 2019, a pretested semi structured questionnaire was used to interview the participants who attended primary health centers after obtaining their verbal consents, the sample included( 300) old adult of both gender, serum level of Vitamin D was assessed by chemo immunoassay method, the blood pressure was measured single handy by the researcher using mercury sphygmomanometer to diagnose hypertension. Results: The study included 300 participants 83.0% of the study sample had either insufficiency or deficiency of Vitamin D level. Hypertensive people had significant Vitamin D Deficiency (both deficiency and insufficiency of vitamin D, 81% and 70% ) respectively as compared to normotensive participants , this difference was statistically significant p<0.05 . Conclusion: there was a significant inverse relationship between vitamin D level and blood pressure. a value=59.1,
Evaluation of Input Devices for Pointing, Dragging and Text Entry Tasks On A Tracked Vehicle

Soldiers in modern military context are often required to sit in front of workstations and execute time or mission critical commands using computers. These actions can mostly be broken down into very basic tasks such as pointing, dragging and text entry which are common tasks related to human interaction with a graphical user interface (GUI). In addition, many of these operations are performed in vehicles while on the move. In this study, we conducted experiments to evaluate the performances of input devices for pointing, dragging and text entry tasks on a tracked vehicle. The results and findings are documented in this paper. Results indicate that touchscreen has better performance for non-precise pointing tasks and the thumbstick performed better for dragging tasks. The keyboard performed better for text entry tasks.
The Sensitive Fluorimetric Method for the Determination of Curcumin Using the Enhancement of Mixing Micelle

It is found that the fluorescence of curcumin is greatly enhanced by La3+ in the prescence of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS). Based on this, a sensitive fluorimetric method for the determination of curcumin in aqueous solution is proposed. In the HOAc-NaOAc buffer, the fluorescence intensity of curcumin is proportional to the concentration of curcumin in the range of 0.0074-7. 4μg·mL-1 and the detection limit is 3.66ng·mL-1. The actual samples are satisfactorily determined.
Study on the Defect Classification Model

This paper presents the concept of defect classification model, which is based on the technology of similarity. Defect classification model can analyze software defect more efficiently and provides the basis of solving problems quickly. This paper applies this model to GUI project and gives a GUI defect classification model based on large number of interface defects. Experiments show that the model is useful to improve the process of defect management and be used for test planning and implementation.
Multiple‐Round English Auction Agent Based on Genetic Network Programming

The auction mechanism widely used in web‐based sites, which is originally designed for human beings, might not be the most efficient one in the future, and there is a demand for evolutionary computation auction agents adaptable to the dynamic auction environments. In this paper, we have applied genetic network programming (GNP) to auction agents and developed multiple‐round English auction mechanisms based on multi‐agent systems. GNP is an evolutionary method that uses directed graph structures as genes to create compact optimal solutions by evolution. According to the simulation results, it has been found that the proposed method could help agents to evolve their strategies generation by generation to get more goods with less money. Also, GNP shows good performance in helping the agent to find out the most suitable strategy under the current situation. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Compact dual-band bandpass patch filter using coplanar waveguide feed method

By employing the coplanar waveguide feeding method, a dual-band dual-mode bandpass patch filter, with flexible frequency ratio and fractional bandwidth, is proposed. Two resonant frequency bands are achieved by using two stacked square patches with different cross slots etched, which are simultaneously excited by the centre CPW fed lines. The frequency ratio and fractional bandwidths can be controlled by the CPW broadside coupling and cross slots. To verify the proposed configuration, two dual-band bandpass patch filters have been designed, fabricated and measured.
Optimal MIMO array for compressive sensing image formation

Many studies have addressed compressive sensing (CS) theory in recent years, especially the use of CS in radar 2D and 3D image formation. Much of this research suggests that sparse targets can be perfectly reconstructed according to the CS theory. However, most of these studies did not examine the design of antenna array for CS reconstruction of sparse targets. Therefore, this study investigates the design method of the Multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array for reconstructing sparse targets. Based on CS theory, mutual coherence of the dictionary matrix was selected as the criteria for evaluating the MIMO antenna array. The analytical expression of the criteria was derived from the MIMO echo signal. Due to the complex mathematical expression of the criteria, the genetic algorithm was used to find the optimal MIMO antenna array. Finally, a comparative simulation and a Monte-Carlo experiment were performed to validate the proposed optimal solution.
Photoelectric and Related Properties of the Potassium—Antimony—Caesium Photocathode†

ABSTRACT Measurements of photoelectric emission, optical absorption, photoconductivity and electrical conductivity have been used to construct an energy band scheme for the K2CsSb photocathode. The spectral sensitivity of the photoelectric yield may be fitted to Spicer's equation for photoemission from the valence band of semiconductors, and leads to a value of 2-1 ev for the depth of the top of the valence band below vacuum potential. Photoconductivity and optical absorption measurements suggest a band gap of about 1-0 ev. The temperature variation of electrical conductivity suggests the existence of impurity centres between about 0-2 and 0-5 ev above the top of the valence band. The thermionic work function, determined by a contact potential difference method, is about 1 6 ev.
A comparative survey of the utility of cross-cockpit linkages and autoflight systems' backfeed to the control inceptors of commercial aircraft

'Fly-by-wire' (FBW) electronic flight control systems in modern commercial aircraft have removed the requirement for the primary control inceptors in the cockpit to have a cross-cockpit linkage, and also for them to be back-driven from the autoflight systems. This comparative survey of 157 commercial pilots with current type ratings on either an FBW aircraft or a conventional technology aircraft, however, suggests that the deletion of these linkages may have degraded the lines of communication in the cockpit, both between the pilots and between the pilot and the aircraft. It is argued that this may adversely affect a pilot's situation awareness.
Levantamiento arquitectónico de la Puerta de Antioquía (Alepo) Architectural survey of the Antioch gate (Aleppo)

that let you work without too much difficulty with 3D data has triggered the need to generate and display data in this way. In a few years the capture techniques focused on measuring a few point very well defined (survey methods, analytical photogrammetry) have been superseded by the massive capture techniques, among them digital photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanner. This breakthrough has changed the representation of architectural elements, which has evolved in parallel with the development of technology, from 2D to 3D, in which we can also have color information and texture. All this information can have two clear applications: the obtaining realistic virtual models of cities, and information to address any action on buildings (cataloging, rehabilitation projects,…).
Dispersion characteristics of optically excited coplanar striplines: pulse propagation

The propagation of optically excited picosecond electrical pulses on coplanar striplines is analyzed. A full-wave analysis method that includes dispersion and losses over terahertz bandwidths is outlined. Results of the full-wave analysis are interpreted in terms of the underlying physical phenomena. The full-wave analysis reveals the existence of peaks in the dispersion curve of the coplanar stripline. These are interpreted in terms of the onset and coupling of the substrate modes to the transmission line mode. Results of the full-wave analysis are in good agreement with those obtained by established theory. Pulse propagation is simulated using the dispersion and loss data obtained from the analysis and accounts for all the relevant mechanisms. Results of simulations are compared with previously published experimental data for normal as well as superconducting lines. It is demonstrated that the superconducting phenomena are not dominant, whereas modal dispersion and substrate losses dominate the evolution of the output pulse and must be included for accurate modeling of pulse propagation on coplanar striplines. >