Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A laboratory model of abiotic peloid formation

Peloids are rounded grains of micritic calcite whose origin has been attributed to various biological and abiotic mechanisms. To constrain abiotic parameters that favour the formation of peloids, we precipitated calcite crusts in the absence of microorganisms. Clotted opaque fabrics that formed during the initial stages of the experiment consisted of ∼10 µm peloids, while compact clear sparitic crusts precipitated in subsequent stages. The increasing supersaturation of the solution in time is responsible for this morphological succession. Initially, peloids form by the radial growth of spar crystals around a small number of nuclei. As the supersaturation increases, more spar crystals nucleate and aggregate nonradially into compact crusts. Rounded clotted precipitates are a consequence of the growth in suspension and geopetal settling, and isopachous crusts grow in the absence of these processes. Although peloids are commonly assumed to have a microbial origin, our results show that very similar morphologies can be created by purely abiotic mechanisms. Thus, the biological origin of rounded micritic calcite grains in the rock record must be verified against the abiotic null‐hypothesis in each specific case.
Hydrographic section aeross the Kuroshio near 35°N, 143°E

A closely spaced conductivity-temperature-depth/hydrographic section was conducted off the east coast of Japan in July 1992. The southeastward section crossed the Japan Trench and the Kuroshio in the vicinity of the Kashima 1 seamount. Vertical sections of temperature, salinity, density, oxygen, and nutrients are discussed in conjunction with the movement and interleaving of water masses. Complicated vertical and horizontal mixings of water masses are inferred from the temperature and salinity relationships. Mixing processes are patchy and not continuous beneath the front. Warm, salty water found beneath the Kuroshio may result from upward mixing of water from intermediate depths. The main axis of the Kuroshio, indicated by the 14°C isotherm at 200 m, is at 35.7°N, 142.6°E, about 20 km from the north wall surface thermal front. Geostrophic speeds exceed 170 cm s−1 at the surface; volume transport through the section is 81×106 m3 s−1.
Effects of temperature and fertilization on the structure of total versus active bacterial communities from sub-Antarctic seawater exposed to crude oil and diesel fuel

Polar environments are exposed to the risk of oil pollution. However, there is limited knowledge regarding how the variation of physicochemical factors influencing biodegradation may affect bacterial community structure. The effects of temperature (4, 10 and 20°C) and organic fertilization (Inipol EAP 22) on community structure and diversity of bacteria inhabiting Kerguelen sub-Antarctic waters were studied in crude- and diesel-amended microcosms. Dynamics of total (i.e., 16S rDNA-based) and metabolically active (i.e., 16S rRNA-based) bacterial community structure and diversity were monitored using capillary-electrophoresis single-strand conformation polymorphism. Results showed that total and active community structures were differently influenced by temperature and fertilization in the presence of hydrocarbons. Both fertilization and temperature induced changes in total community structure in the presence of crude oil and diesel. However, temperature showed a limited influence on active community structure, and fertilization induced changes in the presence of crude oil only. Simpson's index decreased for total bacterial communities at all temperatures in the presence of crude oil and diesel, whereas a lower reduction was observed for active bacterial populations. In the presence of fertilizer, the diversity of the whole community approached control values after seven incubation weeks; this was not observed for the active bacterial community. This study evidenced qualitative differences in total and active bacterial community structures of Kerguelen seawaters in the presence of hydrocarbons and different responses relative to variation in temperature and fertilization. These factors and hydrocarbons composition have to be taken into account to understand bacterial community dynamics after an oil spill.
Understanding the atmospheric response to seismic sources: the 2020 Mw4.9 Kiruna minequake, Sweden

A minequake of magnitude Mw4.9 occurred on 18 May 2020 early in the morning at the LKAB underground iron ore mine in Kiruna, Sweden. This is the largest mining-induced earthquake in Scandinavia. It generated acoustic signals observed at three infrasound arrays at 9.3 (KRIS, Sweden), 155 (IS37, Norway), and 286 km (ARCI, Norway) distance. Using regional seismic data, we performed a moment-tensor inversion highlighting that this event was dominated by a shallow-depth collapse in agreement with in-mine seismic station data. This was further confirmed by full waveform modelling within a coupled Earthatmosphere model at local and regional distances using full moment tensor sources. Discrepancies between epicentral location from regional seismic inversion and simulated acoustic data indicate that local pressure records can help further constraining a seismic event location. Numerical simulations demonstrate a potential of using local and regional infrasound data to constrain focal mechanism and depth.
Glaciers caused zooplankton mortality

Dead zooplankton were found in grab samples collected in Kongsfjorden (79°N, Svalbard archipelago) in summer of 199S and 1996. The concentration of dead plankters reached over 500 indi- viduals of copepods and 130 individuals of Themisto per square metre. The biomass of dead zooplank- ton reached 0.17 g C m~2 locally, and was not correlated with the depth of the locality, nor with the surface salinity. The bulk of sedimented plankton was, however, found behind the sill of the inner fjord basin. We assume that massive discharge of glacial waters in summer causes mass mortality of surface zooplankton, which drift away and sink in the inner fjord pool, thus supplying benthic communities with organic carbon.
Dynamical downscaling of climate projections in the tropics

The long-existing double-ITCZ problem in Global Climate Models (GCMs) hampers accurate climate simulation. Using a regional climate model (RCM) over the tropical and sub-tropical Atlantic with a horizontal resolution of 12 km and explicit convection, we develop a bias-correction downscaling methodology to remove GCM biases. The methodology is adapted from the pseudo-global warming (PGW) approach, typically used to exert the climate-change signal to a reanalysis-driven RCM simulation. We show that the double ITCZ problem persists with conventional dynamical downscaling, but with our biascorrected downscaling, the double ITCZ problem is removed. Detailed analysis attributes the main cause of the double ITCZ problem of the selected GCM to the sea surface temperature (SST) bias. Compared to the GCM’s AMIP simulations, RCMs with higher resolution allow explicit deep convection and enable a better simulation of tropical convection and clouds. The developed methodology is promising for constraining climate sensitivity by removing double-ITCZ biases.
Long‐term runoff forecasting by combining hydrological models and meteorological records

Reservoir operation is generally based on the inflows of the upstream catchment of the reservoir. If the arriving inflows can be forecasted, that can benefit reservoir operation and management. This study attempts to construct a long‐term inflow‐forecasting model by combining a continuous rainfall–runoff model with the long‐term weather outlook from the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan. The analytical results demonstrate that the continuous rainfall–runoff model has good inflow simulation performance by using 10‐day meteorological and inflow records over a 33‐year period for model calibration and verification. The long‐term inflow forecasting during the dry season was further conducted by combining the continuous rainfall–runoff model and the long‐term weather outlook, which was found to have good performance. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Help ! My mom wants to follow me on Instagram ! Which strategies do young adults in Sweden use , when facing context and time collapse

in English Young adults spend a lot of their time on social media where they share their lives with friends, family, colleagues, acquaintances, ect. Wesch (2009) explains that things posted on social media such as YouTube can be viewed by anybody, everybody, and nobody, anywhere in the world all at once. This becomes a problem for young adults as several di erent audiences blend into one (i.e. context collapse) (Brandtzaeg, Lüder & Skjetne, 2010). For example, how would it feel if your mother saw a video of you at a party which was posted for friends to joke about? However, Brandtzaeg and Lüders (2018) states that is not the only problem. Social media also blurs the line between the present and the past. One example can be a friend commenting on a silly post on facebook you made years ago, then it appears in everyone's feed again making it seem as if you have posted it recently. Both of these problems make young adults change how they chose to self-presentate themselves on social media. In addition, since social media is asynchronous as content does not take place in real-time, it provides time to be more strategic as well as for more polished forms of self-presentation and self-censorship (Gardner & Davis, 2013; Lindgren, 2017). With foundation in this, this study is going to examine which strategies young adults use that are related to self-presentation on the occasion of facing context and time-collapse. The study will focus on to what extent the participants use the tactics mentioned in earlier literature as well as how di erent aspects relate to the tactics one chooses to use. In order to create an understanding of contextand time collapse previous research has been examined. Furthermore, previous research about self-presentation in general and self-presentation on social media in particular is examined to connect to how self-presentation can be disturbed by contextand time collapse. Finally, theories and research about privacy is used to gather an understanding of how young adults experience context and time collapse as a problem for their privacy. Through a survey, data have been collected from 226 respondents to be examined, presented and analyzed. The respondents were born between the years 1997 and 2004. The result showed that all of the strategies were used yet the extent varied depending on the strategy. However, the most commonly used strategies were connected to self-censoring. Moreover, there are relations between the strategies and for example gender, how long one had social media, how one perceives oneself etc. However, surprisingly the relations were for the most part weak even though some stand out as a bit stronger.
Bottom-Up Signal Quality Impacts the Role of Top-Down Cognitive-Linguistic Processing During Speech Recognition by Adults with Cochlear Implants

Hypotheses: Significant variability persists in speech recognition outcomes in adults with cochlear implants (CIs). Sensory (“bottom-up”) and cognitive-linguistic (“top-down”) processes help explain this variability. However, the interactions of these bottom-up and top-down factors remain unclear. One hypothesis was tested: top-down processes would contribute differentially to speech recognition, depending on the fidelity of bottom-up input. Background: Bottom-up spectro-temporal processing, assessed using a Spectral-Temporally Modulated Ripple Test (SMRT), is associated with CI speech recognition outcomes. Similarly, top-down cognitive-linguistic skills relate to outcomes, including working memory capacity, inhibition-concentration, speed of lexical access, and nonverbal reasoning. Methods: Fifty-one adult CI users were tested for word and sentence recognition, along with performance on the SMRT and a battery of cognitive-linguistic tests. The group was divided into “low-,” “intermediate-,” and “high-SMRT” groups, based on SMRT scores. Separate correlation analyses were performed for each subgroup between a composite score of cognitive-linguistic processing and speech recognition. Results: Associations of top-down composite scores with speech recognition were not significant for the low-SMRT group. In contrast, these associations were significant and of medium effect size (Spearman's rho = 0.44–0.46) for two sentence types for the intermediate-SMRT group. For the high-SMRT group, top-down scores were associated with both word and sentence recognition, with medium to large effect sizes (Spearman's rho = 0.45–0.58). Conclusions: Top-down processes contribute differentially to speech recognition in CI users based on the quality of bottom-up input. Findings have clinical implications for individualized treatment approaches relying on bottom-up device programming or top-down rehabilitation approaches.
Automatic Dispatching of Issues Using Machine Learning

Many software companies use issue tracking systems to organize their work. However, when working on large projects, across multiple teams, a problem of finding the correct team to solve a certain issue arises. One team might detect a problem, which must be solved by another team. This can take time from employees tasked with finding the correct team and automating the dispatching of these issues can have large benefits for the company. In this thesis, the use of machine learning methods, mainly convolutional neural networks (CNN) for text classification, has been applied to this problem. For natural language processing both wordand character-level representations are commonly used. The results in this thesis suggests that the CNN learns different information based on whether wordor character-level representation is used. Furthermore, it was concluded that the CNN models performed on similar levels as the classical Support Vector Machine for this task. When compared to a human expert, working with dispatching issues, the best CNN model performed on a similar level when given the same information. The high throughput of a computer model, therefore, suggests automation of this task is very much possible.
The Safe Babies Approach

The Safe BabiesTM approach supports states and communities in building a more coordinated and aligned early childhood system. The approach works concurrently at the child and family level, community level, and state level to promote healthy early childhood development while impacting longterm capacity building. The goal is to keep families together by igniting collective action to meet the urgent needs of babies, toddlers, and their families. While the Safe Babies approach is anchored in the court system, it is an entry point for cross-system collaboration to effectively serve families across multiple areas of need at the state, local, and individual family levels.
Réinstallation à Ouagadougou des « rapatriés » burkinabè de Côte d'Ivoire

Depuis 1999, la succession des troubles ayant touche la Cote d’Ivoire a entraine le retour de nombreux Burkinabe vers leur pays d’origine. Comment s’est deroule ce retour au pays ? Jusqu’a quel point l’operation a-t-elle ete preparee et controlee par les autorites burkinabe ? Comment opere la reinsertion des migrants a rebours ? Autant de questions auxquelles cet article tente de repondre a partir d’un travail de terrain conduit a Abidjan et a Ouagadougou.
Serpentine minerals discrimination by thermal analysis

Abstract This paper reports a complete set of TG, DTG, and DTA data, coupled with emitted gas analysis, for well-constrained, almost pure serpentine samples. Serpentine dehydroxylation takes place between 550 and 800 °C, with DTG and DTA peak temperatures progressively decreasing from antigorite (720 and 715 °C, respectively) to lizardite (708 and 714 °C), polygonal serpentine (685 and 691 °C), and chrysotile (650 and 654 °C). Antigorite has an additional diagnostic signal at ~740-760 °C, always absent in the other serpentines, and dependent on antigorite superperiodicity (T shift of ~20 °C from 36 to 49 Å modulation wavelength). A sharp exothermic peak occurs at extremely constant temperatures (~820 °C), independently from the starting serpentine structure. The high-T mineral assemblage is always represented by forsterite and enstatite. Based on the observed relationships between serpentine structures and DTG/DTA dehydroxylation temperatures, thermal analysis may represent a useful tool for serpentine identification, particularly in the case of natural massive samples where different varieties are mutually intermixed. The accurate definition of serpentine mineralogy would have obvious implications in both geological-petrological and health-related issues.
Supply chain strategy in the luxury fashion industry: impacts on performance indicators

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to investigate what types of supply chain strategies (SCS) are implemented within luxury fashion companies, according to the drivers that regulate competitiveness in this sector (brand positioning, distribution channel, type and line of product). Moreover, the objective was to define which key performance indicators (KPIs) should be measured according to the chosen strategy, and finally to evaluate the alignment of luxury fashion companies with the proposed indicators.Design/methodology/approachThe literature review was the first step performed. Thereafter, a case study was conducted and the sample, composed of six companies, was selected, a questionnaire was then developed to guide the interviews, after which the data were collected. From the data, a primary case analysis was conducted, from which cross-case patterns were also researched.FindingsFrom the results obtained, it was possible to state that companies involved in the case study adopted different SCS within the same company according to the drivers that regulate the sector competitiveness. As a result, the product line was shown to be the only driver that affected both the alignment between the expected and implemented SCS, respectively, and the alignment with the selected KPIs.Originality/valueThe paper provides valuable insights to companies that are trying to align SCS and KPIs. The close link between these aspects had not yet been explored previously. In particular, there were no indications about the KPIs that have to be measured for a specific SCS.
Prediction of discharge from water surface width in a braided river with implications for at‐a‐station hydraulic geometry

The total discharge of small braided rivers can be monitored nearly continuously using ground‐based, orthorectified oblique images and a locally derived relationship between mean water surface width in a reach and total discharge with accuracy of the order of 10%. The width‐discharge relationship is nearly linear over the normal range of summer flows measured in this proglacial stream. The width‐discharge relation for a given location and channel configuration is transferable to adjacent reaches with different morphology with little loss in accuracy. However, the prospect of a more universal relation for braided rivers is remote because of differences in channel geometry and hydraulics between rivers. The classical at‐a‐station hydraulic geometry exponent for width in this case is approximately 1.05, which is unique, well above that observed in the few other braided rivers for which this has been derived, and implies almost no change in mean velocity and depth with changing stage.
Twenty Years of Inflation Targeting: Lessons Learned And Future Prospects

List of figures List of tables 1. Introduction David Cobham, Oyvind Eitrheim, Stefan Gerlach and Jan Qvigstad 2. Welcome remarks: a Norwegian perspective Jan F. Qvigstad 3. Reflections on inflation targeting Athanasios Orphanides 4. Inflation targeting at 20: achievements and challenges Scott Roger 5. Inflation targeting twenty years on: where, when, why, with what effects, what lies ahead? Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel 6. How did we get to inflation targeting and where do we need to go to now? A perspective from the US experience Daniel L. Thornton 7. Inflation control around the world: why are some countries more successful than others? Thorarinn G. Petursson 8. Targeting inflation in Asia and the Pacific: lessons from the recent past Andrew Filardo and Hans Genberg 9. Inflation targeting and asset prices Christopher Allsopp 10. The optimal monetary policy instrument, inflation versus asset price targeting, and financial stability Charles Goodhart, Carolina Osorio and Dimitrios Tsomocos 11. Expectations, deflation traps and macroeconomic policy George Evans and Seppo Honkapohja 12. Heterogeneous expectations, learning and European inflation dynamics Anke Weber 13. Inflation targeting and private sector forecasts Stephen Cecchetti and Craig Hakkio 14. Inflation targeting, transparency and inflation forecasts: evidence from individual forecasters Christopher Crowe 15. Gauging the effectiveness of quantitative forward guidance: evidence from three inflation targeters Magnus Andersson and Boris Hofmann 16. Macro modelling with many models Ida Wolden Bache, James Mitchell, Francesco Ravazzolo and Shaun P. Vahey 17. Have crisis monetary policy initiatives jeopardised central bank independence? Charles Goodhart 18. Inflation targeting: learning the lessons from the financial crisis Spencer Dale 19. The financial crisis as an opportunity to strengthen inflation targeting frameworks Hans Genberg 20. Leaning against the wind is fine, but will often not be enough Lars Heikensten 21. Inflation targeting, capital requirements and 'leaning against the wind': some comments Sushil Wadhwani Index.
TOR kinase controls Arabidopsis shoot development by translational repression of cytokinin catabolic enzymes

Plants continuously adjust organ initiation and growth to endogenous and environmental signals. At the heart of this postembryonic mode of development are stem cells, whose activity is influenced by a large diversity of signaling pathways. We have shown previously that the TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) kinase network controls expression of WUSCHEL (WUS), a transcriptional master regulator of stem cells in the shoot apical meristem (SAM), by integrating metabolic- and light signals. While this provided a framework how environmental parameters determine shoot development, the mechanisms linking TOR and WUS activity remained unresolved. Here we show that TOR controls the accumulation of trans-zeatin, the cytokinin species mainly responsible for shoot development, by translational repression of RNAs encoding cytokinin degrading CYTOKININ OXIDASES/DEHYDROGENASE (CKX) enzymes. Thus, our work not only sheds light on how plants are able to quickly adjust stem cell activity in response to their environment, but also opens new avenues for studying the mechanisms translating TOR kinase activity into relevant biological output.
Size-frequency distributions of primary and secondary lunar impact craters

The graphs of diameter vs frequency plotted in the present study for primary impact craters produced in four time intervals exhibit an appreciable change in form with age. A deficiency of small craters relative to an extrapolation from the large-diameter parts of the curves is greatest and extends to the largest sizes in the oldest population (pre-Nectarian), whose curve approximates a log-normal form. Successively younger populations (Nectarian, Imbrian, Copernican plus Eratosthenian) have successively more small craters relative to larger ones and more nearly log-log distributions. Many of the craters thought to be small old primaries are here identified as secondary craters of basins, on the basis of previously developed criteria.