Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancing prediction of user stance for social networks rumors

The spread of social media has led to a massive change in the way information is dispersed. It provides organizations and individuals wider opportunities of collaboration. But it also causes an emergence of malicious users and attention seekers to spread rumors and fake news. Understanding user stances in rumor posts is very important to identify the veracity of the underlying content as news becomes viral in a few seconds which can lead to mass panic and confusion. In this paper, different machine learning techniques were utilized to enhance the user stance prediction through a conversation thread towards a given rumor on Twitter platform. We utilized both conversation thread features as well as features related to users who participated in this conversation, in order to predict the users’ stances, in terms of supporting, denying, querying, or commenting (SDQC), towards the source tweet. Furthermore, different datasets for the stance-prediction task were explored to handle the data imbalance problem and data augmentation for minority classes was applied to enhance the results. The proposed framework outperforms the state-of-the-art results with macro F1-score of 0.7233.
Assessment Of Teacher Needs For Implementation Of Zimbabwe New ‘O’ Level Syllabus

The ability and needs of teachers for the implementation of the Zimbabwe Science Syllabus 5006/7 was investigated. The major findings are: i. A majority of teachers have difficulties in teaching the following topics: beams, materials, trussed beams, bridges, radio, animal management and animal health - hygiene, natural ecosystem, animal breeding artificial ecosystem, margarine and glycerol, secondary cells, photovoltaic cells, recycling sewage, machines and camera. ii. Teachers indicated that they need industrial resources for teaching industrial processes such as ethanol production, the contact process and nitric acid production. Teachers also indicated that they need supplementary readers and modules on nutrition, biological convectors, micro-organisms, and family health. in. All teachers who participated in this study indicated that they need teaching materials in the form of text books, monographs, modules, charts and supplementary readers
Production et caractérisation de familles de palourdes japonaises, Ruditapes philippinarum, résistantes à la maladie de l'anneau brun

La culture de la palourde japonaise, Ruditapes philippinarum, en Bretagne s'est estompee a partir des annees 80 apres l'apparition de la vibriose appelee Maladie de l'Anneau Brun (MAB). Cette maladie est causee par la presence de la bacterie Vibrio tapetis qui provoque un depot caracteristique de conchyoline sur le bord interne des valves des palourdes. Les animaux parviennent a reparer la coquille au niveau des depots de conchyoline par un phenomene de recalcification. Des geniteurs et des familles de palourdes ont ete etudies afin de differencier les individus les moins sensibles a cette maladie. Ainsi, ces etudes ont permis de discriminer deux familles montrant des caracteres de defense immunitaires differents au niveau des parametres hemocytaires et au niveau du developpement de la MAB. De plus, il a ete demontre que le V. tapetis induit une production de l'oxyde nitrique in vitro dans les hemocytes de la palourde japonaise. Enfin, les approches moleculaires ont permis de mettre en evidence l'expression specifique de deux transcrits de genes (carbonique anhydrase like et inhibiteur de serine proteases (serpine)) dans le manteau en lien avec le developpement de la MAB.
Calibration of hydrological models in the spectral domain: An opportunity for scarcely gauged basins?

This study considers the use of the maximum likelihood estimator proposed by Whittle for calibrating the parameters of hydrological models. Whittle's likelihood provides asymptotically consistent estimates for Gaussian and non‐Gaussian data, even in the presence of long‐range dependence. This method may represent a valuable opportunity in the context of ungauged or scarcely gauged catchments. In fact, the only information required for model parameterization is essentially the spectral density function of the actual process simulated by the model. When long series of calibration data are not available, the spectral density can be inferred by using old and sparse records, regionalization methods, or information on the correlation properties of the process itself. The proposed procedure is applied to the case studies of two Italian river basins, for which a lumped rainfall‐runoff model has been calibrated by emulating scarcely gauged situations. It is shown that the Whittle estimator can be applied in such context with satisfactory results.
Massive Solubility Changes in Neuronal Proteins upon Simulated Traumatic Brain Injury Reveal the Role of Shockwaves in Irreversible Damage

We investigated the immediate molecular consequences of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) using a novel proteomics approach. We simulated TBIs using an innovative laboratory apparatus that employed a 5.1 kg dummy head that held neuronal cells and generated a ≤4000 g-force acceleration upon impact. A Proteome Integral Solubility Alteration (PISA) assay was then employed to monitor protein solubility changes in a system-wide manner. Dynamic impacts led to both a reduction in neuron viability and massive solubility changes in the proteome. The affected proteins mapped not only to the expected pathways, such as those of cell adhesion, collagen, and laminin structures, as well as the response to stress, but also to other dense protein networks, such as immune response, complement, and coagulation cascades. The cellular effects were found to be mainly due to the shockwave rather than the g-force acceleration. Soft materials could reduce the impact’s severity only until they were fully compressed. This study shows a way of developing a proteome-based meter for measuring irreversible shockwave-induced cell damage and provides a resource for identifying protein biomarkers of TBIs and potential drug targets for the development of products aimed at primary prevention and intervention.
Review of routing protocol for low power and lossy network in the internet of things

The growth of internet of things (IoT) devices and apps has caused disruptions in key sectors such as smart environment, healthcare, and mission-critical tool. Security of IoT devices, networks, and infrastructure is the biggest challenge. RPL, a routing protocol optimised for low-power and lossy networks, is applied by the IoT to offer seamless information transfer among the myriad of interconnected entities. So, the paper delves into the nuts and bolts of RPL, covering its protocol settings, trickle timer, and objective function, as well as the IoT’s architecture and applications. This article also provides a framework for categorising past research on the effects of RPL-IoT on energy consumption, transportation, service quality, traffic congestion, and safety. The future of energy efficiency, congestion, objective function, mobility, stability, security, collaborative intrusion detection systems, active learning, and Key Management are all considered in this analysis.
Climate‐induced changes in erosion during the 21st century for eight U.S. locations

Climate in the United States is expected to change during the 21st century, and soil erosion rates may be expected to change in response to changes in climate for a variety of reasons. This study was undertaken to investigate potential impacts of climate change on soil erosion by water. Erosion at eight locations in the United States was modeled using the Water Erosion Prediction Project model modified to account for the effects of atmospheric CO2 concentrations on plant growth. Simulated climate data from the U.K. Meteorological Office's Hadley Centre HadCM3 Global Circulation Model were used. The results indicated a complex set of interactions between the several factors that affect the erosion process. Direct effects of rainfall increases and decreases to runoff and erosion increases and decreases were observed but were often not dominant. One of the key factors of change in the system was the biomass production. Changes in soil moisture, atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature, and solar radiation each impacted the biomass production at differing levels at the eight different sites. Different types of changes occurring at different periods of the year also complicated the response of the system. Overall, these results suggest that where precipitation increases are significant, erosion can be expected to increase. Where precipitation decreases occur, the results may be more complex due largely to interactions of plant biomass, runoff, and erosion, and either increases or decreases in overall erosion may be expected.
The impact of EU trade agreement with central and eastern european countries : the case of Spain

This paper makes a tentative forecast of the impact on Spanish trade of the liberalisation of economic transactions between the European Union and the former communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEECs), as envisaged in the association agreements aimed at the eventual enlargement of the EU to include these countries. For this purpose, it describes the trade patterns between the signatory countries ASpain, the rest of the EU and CEECsA since the fall of the communist bloc and analyses, through the econometric estimation of a gravity model, the determining factors in these patterns. Lastly, starting from the projection of the model estimated, along with several complementary analyses, a prediction of the agreements' effects on Spanish trade is made.
Encounters at the Heart of the World: A History of the Mandan People

Encounters at the Heart of the World concerns the Mandan Indians, iconic plains people whose teeming, busy towns on the upper Missouri River were for centuries at the centre of the North American universe. We know of them mostly because Lewis and Clark spent the winter of 1804-1805 with them, but why don't we know more? Who were they, really? In this extraordinary book, Elizabeth A. Fenn retrieves their history by piecing together important new discoveries in archaeology, anthropology, geology, climatology, epidemiology, and nutritional science. Her boldly original interpretation of these diverse research findings offers us a new perspective on early American history, a new interpretation of the American past. By 1500, more than 12,000 Mandans were established on the northern plains, and their commercial prowess, agricultural skills, and reputation for hospitality became famous. Recent archaeological discoveries show how they thrived, and then how they collapsed. The damage wrought by imported diseases like smallpox and the havoc caused by the arrival of horses and steamboats were tragic for the Mandans, yet, as Fenn makes clear, their sense of themselves as a people with distinctive traditions endured.
Toward a Behavioral Ecology of Lithic Technology: Cases from Paleoindian Archaeology

Modern humans and their hominid ancestors relied on chipped-stone technology for well over two million years and colonized more than 99 percent of the Earth's habitable landmass in doing so. Yet there currently exist only a handful of informal models derived from ethnographic observation, experiments, engineering, and "common sense" to explain variability in archaeological lithic assemblages. Because the fundamental processes of making, using, and discarding stone tools are, at root, exercises in problem solving, Todd Surovell asks what conditions favor certain technological solutions. Whether asking if a biface should be made thick or thin or if a flake should be saved or discarded, Surovell seeks answers that extend beyond a case-by-case analysis. One avenue for addressing these questions theoretically is formal mathematical modeling. Here Surovell constructs a series of models designed to link environmental variability to human decision making as it pertains to lithic technology. To test the models, Surovell uses data from the analysis of more than 40,000 artifacts from five Rocky Mountain and Northern Plains Folsom and Goshen complex archaeological sites dating to the Younger Dryas stadial (ca. 12,600-11,500 years BP). The primary result is the production of powerful new analytical tools useful to the interpretation of archaeological assemblages. Surovell's goal is to promote modeling and explore the general issues governing technological decisions. In this light, his models can be applied to any context in which stone tools are made and used.
Green Waste and Archaeological Geophysics

Environmental concerns, supported by regulatory frameworks, have encouraged the conversion of organic and biological waste into fertilizers and soil conditioners (so‐called green waste) that are being increasingly used on arable fields. Recent work has shown that the level of ferrous contaminants within this waste can have a detrimental impact on shallow geophysical prospection methods that use the principles of magnetism. This paper highlights the negative impact of this new agricultural practice on the historic environment and calls for tighter regulation of green waste. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AP2/EREBP Pathway Plays an Important Role in Chaling Wild Rice Tolerance to Cold Stress

Cold stress is the main factor limiting rice production and distribution. Chaling wild rice can survive in cold winters. AP2/EREBP is a known transcription factor family associated with abiotic stress. We identified the members of the AP2/EREBP transcription factor family in rice, maize, and Arabidopsis, and conducted collinearity analysis and gene family analysis. We used Affymetrix array technology to analyze the expression of AP2/EREBP family genes in Chaling wild rice and cultivated rice cultivar Pei’ai64S, which is sensitive to cold. According to the GeneChip results, the expression levels of AP2/EREBP genes in Chaling wild rice were different from those in Pei’ai64S; and the increase rate of 36 AP2/EREBP genes in Chaling wild rice was higher than that in Pei’ai64S. Meanwhile, the MYC elements in cultivated rice and Chaling wild rice for the Os01g49830, Os03g08470, and Os03g64260 genes had different promoter sequences, resulting in the high expression of these genes in Chaling wild rice under low-temperature conditions. Furthermore, we analyzed the upstream and downstream genes of the AP2/EREBP transcription factor family and studied the conservation of these genes. We found that the upstream transcription factors were more conserved, indicating that these upstream transcription factors may be more important in regulating cold stress. Meanwhile, we found the expression of AP2/EREBP pathway genes was significantly increased in recombinant inbred lines from Nipponbare crossing with Chaling wild rice, These results suggest that the AP2/EREBP signaling pathway plays an important role in Chaling wild rice tolerance to cold stress.
Crustal thickness and Pn anisotropy beneath the Southern Alps Oblique Collision, New Zealand

Over-thickened crust and fast, anisotropic mantle material are interpreted beneath South Island, New Zealand, from an earthquake refraction study along the Southern Alps foothills. An 8.54 ± 0.20 km/s Pn speed is estimated along the N60°E striking refraction profile and a maximum crustal thickness of 48 ± 4 km is inferred near Wanaka township, at the southern end of the profile. The crustal thickness represents an 18 km thick crustal root relative to a 30 km coastal average. Thus, the root is 2-3 times thicker than expected for Airy isostatic compensation of the mean ∼1000 m Southern Alps topographic load. This suggests that the underlying mantle plays an active role in depressing topography. Comparison of the 8.54 ± 0.20 km/s Pn-speed estimate with cross profiles suggests anisotropy arising from finite strain of the mantle lid rocks. The Pn anisotropy is estimated near Lake Tekapo, at the northern end of the profile, to be a minimum of 6.5 ± 3.5%. We predict a maximum Pn anisotropy of 7-13% and an average isotropic Pn speed of ∼8.3 km/s by adopting the fast polarization orientation from previous SKS splitting measurements done at the profile intersection. The Pn speed of 8.3 km/s is consistent with previous studies showing high average Pn speeds below the southern half of South Island and the presence of cold, dense mantle lithosphere.
Climate variability and extreme drought in the upper Solimões River (western Amazon Basin): Understanding the exceptional 2010 drought

This work provides an initial overview of climate features and their related hydrological impacts during the recent extreme droughts (1995, 1998, 2005 and 2010) in the upper Solimões River (western Amazon), using comprehensive in situ discharge and rainfall datasets. The droughts are generally associated with positive SST anomalies in the tropical North Atlantic and weak trade winds and water vapor transport toward the upper Solimões, which, in association with increased subsidence over central and southern Amazon, explain the lack of rainfall and very low discharge values. But in 1998, toward the end of the 1997–98 El Niño event, the drought is more likely related to an anomalous divergence of water vapor in the western Amazon that is characteristic of a warm event in the Pacific. During the austral spring and winter of 2010, the most severe drought since the seventies has been registered in the upper Solimões. Its intensity and its length, when compared to the 2005 drought, can be explained by the addition of an El Niño in austral summer and a very warm episode in the Atlantic in boreal spring and summer. As in 2005, the lack of water in 2010 was more important in the southern tropical tributaries of the upper Solimões than in the northern ones.
A New Paleogene Numerical Time Scale

New data and a reinterpretation of existing data are the bases for this emended Paleogene numerical time scale. Biostratigraphy, radiometric dating, stratotypes, and paleomagnetic stratigraphy have been independently evaluated and subsequently integrated into a single numerical time scale framework. In the three Paleogene series, Oligocene, Eocene, and Paleocene, we have recognized eight commonly used stages. The corresponding age-units vary in duration from 3 to 8 million years (average 5 Ma). As a result of the improvement in establishing the relationships between the stratotypes of these stages and plankton biostratigraphy, the position of the stages within the series has been modified from earlier integrated chronostratigraphic schemes. Stratotypes (type sections) represent the formal basis for relating rock and time. However, the stratotypes of the western European Paleogene stages were not originally established on the basis of planktonic microfossils, and it was therefore not possible to recognize these stages worldwide. Subsequently, independent plankton zonations were established that could not be properly related to the stratotypes of the standard European chronostratigraphic units. Nevertheless, tentative relationships between these planktonic zonations and the relative chronostratigraphic units have been suggested and have been followed for practical reasons by nearly all plankton biostratigraphers. Calcareous nannoplankton have recently provided an indirect means of relating the stratotypes of the northwestern European Paleogene stages to the planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and have revealed discrepancies between these two stratigraphic systems. The most significant of these is in the Eocene, where the type section of the traditional late Eocene Bartonian contains planktonic microfossils generally considered indicative of middle Eocene age according to most biostratigraphers. This situation is corrected by placing the middle-late Eocene boundary between the Priabonian and the Bartonian. The alternative solution, moving planktonic foraminiferal zones P13 and P14 from middle to late Eocene, would cause far greater confusion in the worldwide correlation framework. An evaluation of published radiometric dates provided us with the following age ranges for the Paleogene geochronologic units: Oligocene: 24 to 37 Ma Late: 24 to 32 Ma (Chattian) Early: 32 to 37 Ma (Rupelian) End_Page 213------------------------ Eocene: 37 to 53.5 Ma Late: 37 to 40 Ma (Priabonian) Middle: 40 to 49 Ma (Bartonian 40-44 Ma) (Lutetian: 44-49 Ma) Early: 49 to 53.5 Ma (Ypresian Paleocene: 53.5 to 65 Ma Late: 53.5 to 60 Ma (Thanetian) Early: 60 to 65 Ma (Danian)
Coseismic and postseismic elastic wave velocity variations caused by the 2008 Iwate‐Miyagi Nairiku earthquake, Japan

[1] We analyze coseismic and postseismic velocity variations caused by the June 13, 2008 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku earthquake (MW= 6.9) using Passive Image Interferometry (PII). Seismic noise is correlated in order to reconstruct the Green's function between two sensors. Shear wave velocity changes are determined by relating the coda parts of the daily Green's functions to a long-term reference Green's function. Our study extends from January 2008 to August 2010 and includes the correlations for 190 station pairs in three different frequency ranges from 0.125 to 1.0 Hz. We show that combining the 9 different component cross-correlation functions stabilizes the velocity change estimation and increases analysis resolution. The observed velocity change curves can be fitted by model time series consisting of a coseismic velocity drop followed by logarithmic postseismic recovery and seasonal velocity variations. The coseismic velocity drops are stronger at higher frequencies and are concentrated in the southern part of the fault zone. A tomography algorithm was developed to reproject the observed velocity variations of the different sensor pairs onto the single sensors. The depth distribution of coseismic changes was modeled for the three stations with the largest velocity drops. At two stations, the coseismic velocity changes are located in the upper several hundred meters. The third station shows indications for deeper changes, in the order of kilometers. Postseismic recovery takes significantly longer than the analyzed two year period. Seasonal velocity variations with periods of one year are observed at all analyzed frequencies for most station pairs.
A Promising Process to Remove Nitrate from Solar Panel Production Wastewater and Meanwhile Generating Electricity

For traditional heterotrophic denitrification technology, organics are usually added as the electron donor for nitrate removal, which increases the operation cost for wastewater treatment. Solar panel production wastewater contains a large amount of nitrate. To decrease the operation cost and reduce CO2 emissions, an iron anode microbial fuel cell (Fe-MFC) was constructed to treat solar panel production wastewater by sequencing batch operation. The results showed that the maximum nitrate removal efficiency reached 99.98% and the maximum removal rate was 0.049 kg·m−3·d−1. The output voltages rose rapidly to 560 ± 10 mV within 2 h and then stabilized at 520 ± 50 mV for about 40 h. Combining the detection of coulombic efficiency, CV curve, q* value and internal resistance; the decrease in denitrification efficiency and electricity generation efficiency probably resulted from the passivation of iron anode and the aging of the cathode biofilm resulted in the efficiency decrease. From the microbial analysis, Chryseobacterium, Thermomonas and Thauera predominated at the end of Fe-MFC operation. Microorganisms that cannot adapt to the autotrophic environment in Fe-MFC died out finally. Periodic replacement of the iron anode and domestication of the bio-cathode were essential to maintain the Fe-MFC efficiency. The Fe-MFC technology was feasible to be used to remove nitrate and generate electricity from solar panel production wastewater. Without organics addition, the Fe-MFC technology was cost-efficient and environmentally friendly, endowing itself with a broad prospect of application.