Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of CAMTA Gene Family in Heimia myrtifolia and Expression Analysis under Drought Stress

Calmodulin-binding transcription factor (CAMTA) is an important component of plant hormone signal transduction, development, and drought resistance. Based on previous transcriptome data, drought resistance genes of the Heimia myrtifolia CAMTA transcription factor family were predicted in this study. The physicochemical characteristics of amino acids, subcellular localization, transmembrane structure, GO enrichment, and expression patterns were also examined. The results revealed that H. myrtifolia has a total of ten members (HmCAMTA1~10). Phylogenetic tree analysis of the HmCAMTA gene family revealed four different branches. The amino acid composition of CAMTA from H. myrtifolia and Punica granatum was quite similar. In addition, qRT-PCR data showed that the expression levels of HmCAMTA1, HmCAMTA2, and HmCAMTA10 genes increased with the deepening of drought, and the peak values appeared in the T4 treatment. Therefore, it is speculated that the above four genes are involved in the response of H. myrtifolia to drought stress. Additionally, HmCAMTA gene expression was shown to be more abundant in roots and leaves than in other tissues according to tissue-specific expression patterns. This study can be used to learn more about the function of CAMTA family genes and the drought tolerance response mechanism in H. myrtifolia.
Coulomb Friction Driving Brownian Motors

We review a family of models recently introduced to describe Brownian motors under the influence of Coulomb friction, or more general non-linear friction laws. It is known that, if the heat bath is modeled as the usual Langevin equation (linear viscosity plus white noise), additional non-linear friction forces are not sufficient to break detailed balance, i.e. cannot produce a motor effect. We discuss two possibile mechanisms to elude this problem. A first possibility, exploited in several models inspired to recent experiments, is to replace the heat bath's white noise by a “collisional noise”, that is the effect of random collisions with an external equilibrium gas of particles. A second possibility is enlarging the phase space, e.g. by adding an external potential which couples velocity to position, as in a Klein—Kramers equation. In both cases, non-linear friction becomes sufficient to achieve a non-equilibrium steady state and, in the presence of an even small spatial asymmetry, a motor effect is produced.
Spin Hall effect and circular birefringence in polymers

We demonstrate experimentally the fine lateral circular birefringence of a tunable birefringent polymer, the first example of the spin Hall effect of light in a polymeric material. We report experimental observations of this effect using polarimetric techniques and quantum-weak-measurement techniques, reporting a weak amplification factor of 200.
Observables sensitive to absolute neutrino masses. II

In this followup to Phys. Rev. D 75, 053001 (2007) , we report updated constraints on neutrino mass-mixing parameters, in light of recent neutrino oscillation data (KamLAND, SNO, and MINOS) and cosmological observations (WMAP 5-year and other data). We discuss their interplay with the final 0{nu}2{beta} decay results in {sup 76}Ge claimed by part of the Heidelberg-Moscow Collaboration, using recent evaluations of the corresponding nuclear matrix elements, and their uncertainties. We also comment on the 0{nu}2{beta} limits in {sup 130}Te recently set by Cuoricino and on prospective limits or signals from the Karlsruhe tritium neutrino experiment.
Separating P- and S-Waves Based on the Slope of Wavefield Events and Polarizability

In multicomponent surveys, the travel path of seismic waves from the subface interfaces to geophones may not be vertical to the ground; consequently, vertical and horizontal geophones receive mixed wavefields comprising P- and S-waves. Vector separation of wavefields is crucial for subsequent imaging and shear wave splitting analyses. However, conventional methods cannot address the nonlinear polarization of pure wave and can also produce incorrect results due to the presence of dipping interface. To address the above issues, we propose a vector wavefield separation method based on the slope of events and polarizability. The proposed method calculates the slope of the events for determining the propagation direction of the wavefield. The polarizability is used to evaluate whether the resulting wavefield is purely composed of one type of body wave, while the wavefield type is determined based on the angle between the polarization and propagation directions. When the wavefield is mixed, P/S separation is realized based on vector decomposition in an affine coordinate system optimized by the propagation direction. We use both numerical and field data to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method. The numerical example confirms that the proposed method yields more accurate results than the conventional vector decomposition method. The field data application also indicates that the new method can effectively resolve the P- and S-waves from the noisy seismic wavefield.
Extreme multiplex spectroscopy at wide-field 4-m telescopes

We describe the design and science case for a spectrograph for the prime focus of classical 4-m wide-field telescopes that can deliver at least 4000 MOS slits over a 1° field. This extreme multiplex capability means that 25000 galaxy redshifts can be measured in a single night, opening up the possibilities for large galaxy redshift surveys out to z~0.7 and beyond for the purpose of measuring the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) scale and for many other science goals. The design features four cloned spectrographs and exploits the exclusive possibility of tiling the focal plane of wide-field 4-m telescopes with CCDs for multi-object spectroscopic purposes. In ~200 night projects, such spectrographs have the potential to make galaxy redshift surveys of ~6×106 galaxies over a wide redshift range and thus may provide a low-cost alternative to other survey routes such as WFMOS and SKA. Two of these extreme multiplex spectrographs are currently being designed for the AAT (NG1dF) and Calar Alto (XMS) 4-m class telescopes. NG2dF, a larger version for the AAT 2° field, would have 12 clones and at least 12000 slits. The clones use a transparent design including a grism in which all optics are smaller than the clone square subfield so that the clones can be tightly packed with little gaps between the contiguous fields. Only low cost glasses are used; the variations in chromatic aberrations between bands are compensated by changing one or two of the lenses adjacent to the grism. The total weight and length is smaller with a few clones than a unique spectrograph which makes it feasible to place the spectrograph at the prime focus.
Interpreting a CMS $lljjp_T^{\rm miss}$ Excess With the Golden Cascade of the MSSM

CMS recently reported an excess consistent with an invariant mass edge in opposite-sign same flavor (OSSF) leptons, when produced in conjunction with at least two jets and missing transverse momentum. We provide an interpretation of the edge in terms of (anti-)squark pair production followed by the ‘golden cascade’ decay for one of the squarks: q̃ → χ̃02q → l̃lq → χ̃ 0 1qll in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). A simplified model involving binos, winos, an on-shell slepton, and the first two generations of squarks fits the event rate and the invariant mass edge while passing current collider constraints. We present the good-fit parameter space of the model, along with squark production predictions for LHC Run II conducted at 13 TeV centre of mass energy. Portions of the good-fit parameter space also predict a thermal relic density of neutralino dark matter (Ωh) compatible with cosmological observations, and an anomalous magnetic moment of the muon (g − 2)μ compatible with measurements.
Flexocoupling impact on size effects of piezoresponse and conductance in mixed-type ferroelectric semiconductors under applied pressure

We explore the role of flexoelectric effect in functional properties of nanoscale ferroelectric films with mixed electronic-ionic conductivity. Using a coupled Ginzburg-Landau model, we calculate spontaneous polarization, effective piezoresponse, elastic strain and compliance, carrier concentration, and piezoconductance as a function of thickness and applied pressure. In the absence of flexoelectric coupling, the studied physical quantities manifest well-explored size-induced phase transitions, including transition to paraelectric phase below critical thickness. Similarly, in the absence of external pressure flexoelectric coupling affects properties of these films only weakly. However, the combined effect of flexoelectric coupling and external pressure induces polarizations at the film surfaces, which cause the electric built-in field that destroys the thickness-induced phase transition to paraelectric phase and induces the electretlike state with irreversible spontaneous polarization below critical thickness. Interestingly, the built-in field leads to noticeable increase of the average strain and elastic compliance in this thickness range. We further illustrate that the changes of the electron concentration by several orders of magnitude under positive or negative pressures can lead to the occurrence of high- or low-conductivity states, i.e., the nonvolatile piezoresistive switching, in which the swing can be controlled by the film thickness and flexoelectric coupling. The obtained theoretical results can be of fundamental interest for ferroic systems, and can provide a theoretical model for explanation of a set of recent experimental results on resistive switching and transient polar states in these systems.
How radiation affects superbubbles: through momentum injection in early phase and photo-heating thereafter

Energetic winds and radiation from massive star clusters push the surrounding gas and blow superbubbles in the interstellarmedium (ISM). Using 1D hydrodynamic simulations, we study the role of radiation in the dynamics of superbubbles driven by a young star cluster of mass 10(6) M-circle dot. We have considered a realistic time evolution of the mechanical power as well as radiation power of the star cluster, and detailed heating and cooling processes. We find that the ratio of the radiation pressure on the shell (shocked ISM) to the thermal pressure (similar to 10(7) K) of the shocked- wind region is almost independent of the ambient density, and it is greater than unity before less than or similar to 1 Myr. We explore the parameter space of density and dust opacity of the ambient medium, and find that the size of the hot gas (similar to 10(7) K) cavity is insensitive to the dust opacity sigma(d) approximate to (0.1- 1.5) x 10(-21) cm(2)], but the structure of the photoionized (similar to 10(4) K) gas depends on it. Most of the radiative losses occur at similar to 10(4) K, with sub- dominant losses at less than or similar to 10(3) K and similar to 10(6)-10(8) K. The superbubbles can retain as high as similar to 10 per cent of its input energy, for an ambient density of 10(3) m(H) cm(-3). We discuss the role of ionization parameter and recombination- averaged density in understanding the dominant feedback mechanism. Finally, we compare our results with the observations of 30 Doradus.
BINARY BLACK HOLES, GAS SLOSHING, AND COLD FRONTS IN THE X-RAY HALO HOSTING 4C+37.11

We analyzed deep Chandra ACIS-I exposures of the cluster-scale X-ray halo surrounding the radio source 4C+37.11. This remarkable system hosts the closest resolved pair of super-massive black holes and an exceptionally luminous elliptical galaxy, the likely product of a series of past mergers. We characterize the halo with r500 ∼ 0.95 Mpc, M500 = 2.5 ± 0.2 × 1014 M⊙, kT = 4.6 ± 0.2 keV, and a gas mass of Mg,500 = 2.2 ± 0.1 × 1013 M⊙. The gas mass fraction within r500 is fg = 0.09 ± 0.01. The entropy profile shows large non-gravitational heating in the central regions. We see several surface brightness jumps, associated with substantial temperature and density changes but approximate pressure equilibrium, implying that these are sloshing structures driven by a recent merger. A residual intensity image shows a core spiral structure closely matching that seen in the Perseus cluster, although at z = 0.055 the spiral pattern is less distinct. We infer that the most recent merger occurred 1–2 Gyr ago and that the event that brought the two observed super-massive black holes to the system core is even older. Under this interpretation, the black hole binary pair has, unusually, remained at a parsec-scale separation for more than 2 Gyr.
A Fabry-Perot Microcavity for Diamond-Based Photonics

Open Fabry-Perot microcavities represent a promising route for achieving a quantum electrodynamics (cavity-QED) platform with diamond-based emitters. In particular, they offer the opportunity to introduce high purity, minimally fabricated material into a tunable, high quality factor optical resonator. Here, we demonstrate a fiber-based microcavity incorporating a thick (> 10 {\mu}m) diamond membrane with a finesse of 17,000, corresponding to a quality factor Q ~ $10^6$. Such minimally fabricated, thick samples can contain optically stable emitters similar to those found in bulk diamond. We observe modified microcavity spectra in the presence of the membrane, and develop analytic and numerical models to describe the effect of the membrane on cavity modes, including loss and coupling to higher-order transverse modes. We estimate that a Purcell enhancement of approximately 20 should be possible for emitters within the diamond in this device, and provide evidence that better diamond surface treatments and mirror coatings could increase this value to 200 in a realistic system.
Polariton Enhanced IR Reflection Spectra of Epitaxial Graphene on SiC

We show ~10x polariton-enhanced infrared reflectivity of epitaxial graphene on 4H-SiC, in SiC's restrahlen band (8-10um). By fitting measurements to theory, we extract the thickness, N, in monolayers (ML), momentum scattering time, Fermi level position of graphene and estimate carrier mobility. By showing that 1/root(ns), the carrier concentration/ML, we argue that scattering is dominated by short-range interactions at the SiC/graphene interface. Polariton formation finds application in near-field optical devices such as superlenses.
Scalars from Gauge Fields

In an Euclidean SU(2) $\otimes$ U(1) gauge theory without fermions, we identify scalar-field variables, functionals of the gauge fields and coming in different representations of isospin, which (i) are of mass dimension one in $d=4$, (ii) couple to their parent gauge fields through suitable gauge-covariant derivatives, and (iii) can be endowed with a hypercharge despite their parents having none. They can be interpreted as projections of the gauge vectors onto an orthonormal basis that is defined by the fields themselves. We inquire as to whether these scalars can perform the usual tasks, normally fulfilled by external scalar fields, of spontaneous symmetry breaking and mass generation through vacuum expectation values. The gauge Lagrangian, expressed in terms of these scalars, automatically has quartic and cubic terms; an extra coupling constant for quartic scalar self-interactions is not needed. There are nine massive Higgs particles, a neutral triplet at a mass of $m_Z \sqrt{2} \,\approx \, 129$ GeV, and three pairs of conjugate charged ones at $m_W \sqrt{2} \, \approx \, 114$ GeV; another triplet of neutrals remains massless. On the other hand among the four scalars populating the potential-energy minimum, there are now two electrically neutral fields capable of forming VEVs; the ratio between the latter is a new and unknown parameter. Formation of the heavy-vector masses is then possible, but the derivation is less predictive than in the standard scenario. It also requires a somewhat more elaborate mixing pattern in defining the physical, charged and neutral vector fields.
Excitation and detection of propagating spin waves at the single magnon level

Ferro- and ferrimagnets play host to small-signal, microwave-frequency magnetic excitations called spin waves, the quanta of which are known as magnons. Over the last decade, the field of spin-wave dynamics has contributed much to our understanding of fundamental magnetism. To date, experiments have focussed overwhelmingly on the study of room-temperature systems within classical limits. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, the excitation and detection of propagating spin waves at the single magnon level. Our results allow us to project that coupling of propagating spin-wave excitations to quantum circuits is achievable, enabling fundamental quantum-level studies of magnon systems and potentially opening doors to novel hybrid quantum measurement and information processing devices.
Scrambling with matrix black holes

If black holes are not to be dreaded syncs of information but be fully described by unitary evolution, they must scramble in-falling data and eventually leak it through Hawking radiation. Sekino and Susskind have conjectured that black holes are fast scramblers: they generate entanglement at a remarkably efficient rate, with characteristic time scaling logarithmically with the entropy. In this work, we focus on Matrix theory -- M theory in the light-cone frame -- and directly probe the conjecture. We develop a concrete test bed for quantum gravity using the fermionic variables of Matrix theory and show that the problem becomes that of chains of qubits with an intricate network of interactions. We demonstrate that the black hole system evolves much like a Brownian quantum circuit, with strong indications that it is indeed a fast scrambler. We also analyze the Berenstein-Maldacena-Nastase model and reach the same tentative conclusion.
ON THE RELAXATION BEHAVIORS OF SLOW AND CLASSICAL GLITCHES: OBSERVATIONAL BIASES AND THEIR OPPOSITE RECOVERY TRENDS

We study the pulsar timing properties and the data analysis methods of glitch recoveries. In some cases one first fits the times of arrival (TOAs) to obtain the “time-averaged” frequency ν and its first derivative , and then fits models to them. However, our simulations show that ν and obtained in this way are systematically biased unless the time intervals between the nearby data points of TOAs are smaller than about 104 s, which is much shorter than typical observation intervals. Alternatively, glitch parameters can be obtained by fitting the phases directly with relatively smaller biases, but the initial recovery time scale is usually chosen by eye, which may introduce a strong bias. We also construct a phenomenological model by assuming a pulsar spin-down law of with G(t) = 1 + κe−t/τ for a glitch recovery, where H0 is a constant and κ and τ are the glitch parameters to be found. This model can reproduce the observed data of slow glitches from B1822−09 and the giant classical glitch of B2334+61, with κ < 0 or κ > 0, respectively. We then use this model to simulate TOA data and test several fitting procedures for a glitch recovery. The best procedure is (1) to use a very high order polynomial (e.g., to 50th order) to precisely describe the phase, (2) obtain ν(t) and from the polynomial, then (3) obtain the glitch parameters from ν(t) or . Finally, the uncertainty in the starting time t0 of a classical glitch causes uncertainties in some glitch parameters, but less so for a slow glitch, t0, of which can be determined from data.
FIRST DIRECT MEASUREMENTS OF TRANSVERSE WAVES IN SOLAR POLAR PLUMES USING SDO/AIA

There is intense interest in determining the precise contribution of Alfvénic waves propagating along solar structures to the problems of coronal heating and solar wind acceleration. Since the launch of SDO/AIA, it has been possible to resolve transverse oscillations in off-limb solar polar plumes and recently McIntosh et al. concluded that such waves are energetic enough to play a role in heating the corona and accelerating the fast solar wind. However, this result is based on comparisons to Monte Carlo simulations and confirmation via direct measurements is still outstanding. Thus, this Letter reports on the first direct measurements of transverse wave motions in solar polar plumes. Over a four hour period, we measure the transverse displacements, periods, and velocity amplitudes of 596 distinct oscillations observed in the 171 Å channel of SDO/AIA. We find a broad range of non-uniformly distributed parameter values which are well described by log-normal distributions with peaks at 234 km, 121 s, and 8 km s−1, and mean and standard deviations of 407 ± 297 km, 173 ± 118 s, and 14 ± 10 km s−1. Within standard deviations, our direct measurements are broadly consistent with previous results. However, accounting for the whole of our observed non-uniform parameter distribution we calculate an energy flux of 9–24 W m−2, which is 4–10 times below the energy requirement for solar wind acceleration. Hence, our results indicate that transverse magnetohydrodynamic waves as resolved by SDO/AIA cannot be the dominant energy source for fast solar wind acceleration in the open-field corona.
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Obesity: Role of Mineralocorticoid Receptor

The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) acts as an essential regulator of blood pressure, volume status, and electrolyte balance. However, in recent decades, a growing body of evidence has suggested that MR may also have a role in mediating pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidative, and pro-fibrotic changes in several target organs, including the adipose tissue. The finding that MR is overexpressed in the adipose tissue of patients with obesity has led to the hypothesis that this receptor can contribute to adipokine dysregulation and low-grade chronic inflammation, alterations that are linked to the development of obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Moreover, several studies in animal models have investigated the role of MR antagonists (MRAs) in preventing the metabolic alterations observed in obesity. In the present review we will focus on the potential mechanisms by which MR activation can contribute to adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity and on the possible beneficial effects of MRAs in this setting.
Mechanical behavior of different fiber lengths mix-proportions carbon fiber reinforced concrete subjected to static, impact, and blast loading

Impact and blast wave loadings act as high instant energy and might cause damage to reinforced concrete infrastructures. This research aims to investigate the effect of using different length proportions of carbon fiber on the mechanical behaviors of concrete. Moreover, in this study, original carbon fiber and sizing-removed carbon fiber were added into concrete with different mix-proportions. The sizing on the carbon fiber surface was removed by using heat-treated method. In addition, the carbon fiber was dispersed by a high-pressure air compressor. Lengths of 12 mm and 24 mm carbon fibers were used in different mix-proportions to find the highest mechanical strength of carbon fiber reinforced concrete (CFRC) under a 1% fiber-to-cement weight ratio. Compressive, flexural, and impact tests were conducted on CFRC specimens. The CFRC specimen with 50% 12 mm and 50% 24 mm sizing-removed carbon fiber attained the highest impact resistance, and it also had the best performance under blast wave loading compared with the other CFRC specimens. The broken CFRC specimens were examined by an optical microscope to identify the failure mode of the carbon fibers in CFRC specimens. The addition of 50% 12 mm and 50% 24 mm sizing-removed carbon fiber can significantly improve the compressive and flexural strength of reinforced concrete.