Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SCORPIO - II. Spectral indices of weak Galactic radio sources

In the next few years the classification of radio sources observed by the large surveys will be a challenging problem, and spectral index is a powerful tool for addressing it. Here we present an algorithm to estimate the spectral index of sources from multiwavelength radio images. We have applied our algorithm to SCORPIO (Umana et al. 2015), a Galactic Plane survey centred around 2.1 GHz carried out with ATCA, and found we can measure reliable spectral indices only for sources stronger than 40 times the rms noise. Above a threshold of 1 mJy, the source density in SCORPIO is 20 percent greater than in a typical extra-galactic field, like ATLAS (Norris et al. 2006), because of the presence of Galactic sources. Among this excess population, 16 sources per square degree have a spectral index of about zero, suggesting optically thin thermal emission such as Hii regions and planetary nebulae, while 12 per square degree present a rising spectrum, suggesting optically thick thermal emission such as stars and UCHii regions.
Geometric analysis of minimum-time trajectories for a two-level quantum system

We consider the problem of controlling in minimum time a two-level quantum system which can be subject to a drift. The control is assumed to be bounded in magnitude, and to affect two or three independent generators of the dynamics. We describe the time optimal trajectories in $SU(2)$, the Lie group of possible evolutions for the system, by means of a particularly simple parametrization of the group. A key ingredient of our analysis is the introduction of the optimal front line. This tool allows us to fully characterize the time-evolution of the reachable sets, and to derive the worst-case operators and the corresponding times. The analysis is performed in any regime: controlled dynamics stronger, of the same magnitude or weaker than the drift term, and gives a method to synthesize quantum logic operations on a two-level system in minimum time.
DANTON: a Monte-Carlo sampler of $\tau$ from $\nu_\tau$ interacting with the Earth

A preliminary version (v0.2.1) of the DANTON Monte-Carlo package is presented. DANTON allows the exclusive sampling of (decaying) $\tau$ generated by $\nu_\tau$ interactions with the Earth. The particles interactions with matter are simulated in detail, including transverse scattering. Detailed topography data of the Earth can be used as well. Yet, high Monte-Carlo efficiency is achieved by using a Backward Monte-Carlo technique. Some validation results are provided.
Interfacial dead layer effects on current-voltage characteristics in asymmetric ferroelectric tunnel junctions

Current-voltage characteristics and P–E loops are simulated in SrRuO3/BaTiO3/Pt tunneling junctions with interfacial dead layer. The unswitchable interfacial polarization is coupled with the screen charge and the barrier polarization self-consistently within the Thomas-Fermi model and the Landau-Devonshire theory. The shift of P–E loop from the center position and the unequal values of the positive coercive field and the negative coercive field are found, which are induced by the asymmetricity of interface dipoles. A complete J–V curve of the junction is shown for different barrier thicknesses, and the effect of the magnitude of interfacial polarization on the tunneling current is also investigated.
Time-bin-entangled photon holes

The general concept of entangled photon holes is based on a correlated absence of photon pairs in an otherwise constant optical background. Here we consider the specialized case when this background is confined to two well-defined time bins, which allows the formation of time-bin entangled photon holes. We show that when the typical coherent state background is replaced by a true single-photon (Fock state) background, the basic time-bin entangled photon-hole state becomes equivalent to one of the time-bin entangled photon-pair states. We experimentally demonstrate these ideas using a parametric down-conversion photon-pair source, linear optics, and post-selection to violate a Bell inequality with time-bin entangled photon holes.
Ca ii AND Na i QUASAR ABSORPTION-LINE SYSTEMS IN AN EMISSION-SELECTED SAMPLE OF SDSS DR7 GALAXY/QUASAR PROJECTIONS. I. SAMPLE SELECTION

The aim of this project is to identify low-redshift host galaxies of quasar absorption-line systems by selecting galaxies that are seen in projection onto quasar sightlines. To this end, we use the Seventh Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to construct a parent sample of 97,489 galaxy/quasar projections at impact parameters of up to 100 kpc to the foreground galaxy. We then search the quasar spectra for absorption-line systems of Ca ii and Na i within ±500 km s−1 of the galaxy's velocity. This yields 92 Ca ii and 16 Na i absorption systems. We find that most of the Ca ii and Na i systems are sightlines through the Galactic disk, through high-velocity cloud complexes in our halo, or Virgo Cluster sightlines. Placing constraints on the absorption line rest equivalent width significance (⩾3.0σ), the local standard of rest velocity along the sightline (⩾345 km s−1), and the ratio of the impact parameter to the galaxy optical radius (⩽5.0), we identify four absorption-line systems that are associated with low-redshift galaxies at high confidence, consisting of two Ca ii systems (one of which also shows Na i) and two Na i systems. These four systems arise in blue, ∼L*r galaxies. Tables of the 108 absorption systems are provided to facilitate future follow-up.
Conversion of recoilless gamma-radiation into a periodic sequence of ultrashort pulses in a set of dispersive and absorptive resonant media

An efficient technique to produce a periodic sequence of ultrashort pulses of recoilless g -radiation via its transmission through the optically thick vibrating resonant absorber was demonstrated recently [Nature, 508, 80 (2014)]. In this work we extend the theoretical analysis to the case of a set of multiple absorbers. We consider an analytical model describing the control of spectral content of a frequency modulated g -radiation by selective correction of amplitudes and initial phases of some spectral components, using, respectively, the resonant absorption or dispersion of nuclei. On the basis of the analytical solutions we determine the ultimate possibilities of the proposed technique.
Protein Arginine Methyltransferases as Therapeutic Targets in Hematological Malignancies

Simple Summary This review summarizes the current findings about the cellular roles of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) in the formation of blood cells from stem cell progenitors and in different blood cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma. The work also provides a substantial insight into the development and the use of PRMT inhibitors for the treatment of hematological cancers. This review aims to show the research community that targeting PRMTs could be a novel and promising therapeutic approach for these diseases. Abstract Arginine methylation is a common post-translational modification affecting protein activity and the transcription of target genes when methylation occurs on histone tails. There are nine protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) in mammals, divided into subgroups depending on the methylation they form on a molecule of arginine. During the formation and maturation of the different types of blood cells, PRMTs play a central role by controlling cell differentiation at the transcriptional level. PRMT enzymatic activity is necessary for many cellular processes in hematological malignancies, such as the activation of cell cycle and proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, DNA repair processes, RNA splicing, and transcription by methylating histone tails’ arginine. Chemical tools have been developed to inhibit the activity of PRMTs and have been tested in several models of hematological malignancies, including primary samples from patients, xenografts into immunodeficient mice, mouse models, and human cell lines. They show a significant effect by reducing cell viability and increasing the overall survival of mice. PRMT5 inhibitors have a strong therapeutic potential, as phase I clinical trials in hematological malignancies that use these molecules show promising results, thus, underlining PRMT inhibitors as useful therapeutic tools for cancer treatment in the future.
Radiation pressure limits on the star formation efficiency and surface density of compact stellar systems

The large columns of dusty gas enshrouding and fuelling star formation in young, massive stellar clusters may render such systems optically thick to radiation well into the infrared. This raises the prospect that both 'direct' radiation pressure produced by absorption of photons leaving stellar surfaces and 'indirect' radiation pressure from photons absorbed and then reemitted by dust grainsmay be important sources of feedback in such systems. Here, we evaluate this possibility by deriving the conditions under which a spheroidal, self-gravitating, mixed gas-star cloud can avoid catastrophic disruption by the combined effects of direct and indirect radiation pressure. We show that radiation pressure sets a maximum star cluster formation efficiency of epsilon(max) similar to 0.9 at a (very large) gas surface density of similar to 10(5)M(circle dot) pc(-2) (Z(circle dot)/Z) similar or equal to 20 g cm(-2) (Z(circle dot)/Z), but that gas clouds above this limit undergo significant radiation-driven expansion during star formation, leading to a maximum stellar surface density very near this value for all star clusters. Data on the central surface mass density of compact stellar systems, while sparse and partly confused by dynamical effects, are broadly consistent with the existence of a metallicity-dependent upper limit comparable to this value. Our results imply that this limit may preclude the formation of the progenitors of intermediate-mass black holes for systems with Z greater than or similar to 0.2Z(circle dot).
How well can future CMB missions constrain cosmic inflation?

We study how the next generation of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) measurement missions (such as EPIC, LiteBIRD, PRISM and COrE) will be able to constrain the inflationary landscape in the hardest to disambiguate situation in which inflation is simply described by single-field slow-roll scenarios. Considering the proposed PRISM and LiteBIRD satellite designs, we simulate mock data corresponding to five different fiducial models having values of the tensor-to-scalar ratio ranging from 10-1 down to 10-7. We then compute the Bayesian evidences and complexities of all Encyclopædia Inflationaris models in order to assess the constraining power of PRISM alone and LiteBIRD complemented with the Planck 2013 data. Within slow-roll inflation, both designs have comparable constraining power and can rule out about three quarters of the inflationary scenarios, compared to one third for Planck 2013 data alone. However, we also show that PRISM can constrain the scalar running and has the capability to detect a violation of slow roll at second order. Finally, our results suggest that describing an inflationary model by its potential shape only, without specifying a reheating temperature, will no longer be possible given the accuracy level reached by the future CMB missions.
Accurate Quantum Logic Gates by Spin Echo in Rydberg Atoms

Scalable quantum computing is based on realizable accurate quantum gates. For neutral atoms, it is an outstanding challenge to design a high-fidelity two-qubit entangling gate without resorting to difficult techniques like shaping laser pulses or cooling atoms to motional ground states. By using spin echo to suppress the blockade error, we propose an easily realizable controlled-phase Rydberg quantum gate of high intrinsic fidelity. In the context of spin echo, we show that the fundamental blockade error of the traditional Rydberg gate, on the order of $\epsilon\sim10^{-3}$, actually results from two `clockwise' rotations of Rabi frequencies $\bar\Omega_\pm=V\pm \sqrt{V^2+\Omega^2}$. In our `echo' sequence, such an error can be suppressed to the order of $\epsilon^2$ by adding two `anticlockwise' rotations with frequencies $-\bar\Omega_\pm$. With the blockade error effectively removed, the error caused by Rydberg state decay becomes the final fundamental limit to the gate accuracy, which in principle, can be reduced beyond the level of $10^{-5}$. Furthermore, due to the small population $\epsilon$ involved in the `echo' process, the spin-echo gate is robust against the variation of Rydberg blockade caused by the drift of the qubits, so that it can still be much more accurate than that of a traditional Rydberg gate even for qubits cooled only to the sub-mK regime.
A Two-Stage Dynamic Comparator with a PMOS Intermediate Stage

This paper introduces a two-stage dynamic comparator which uses a PMOS intermediate stage to provide an extra amplification for the input and reduce the impact of kick-back noise. Benefiting from the pre-amplifier and latch-type comparator, it provides a rail to rail output, achieves a delay time of 66. 2Sps under a differential input of 10mV and consumes 616$\mu$W power. This comparator can achieve a working frequency up to 4GHz and 2.1mV offset with an active area of 420 $\mu \mathrm{m}^{2}$ in 65nm CMOS process.
A Compact Digital-Controlled Soft-Start Circuit of DC-DC Switching Converter for Portable Devices

This paper proposes a compact digital-controlled soft-start circuit of DC-DC switching converter for portable devices to prevent massive inrush current and overshoot voltage during the start-up period of the converter. Portable devices like virtual reality glasses and portable medical sensors require high stability, portability and low costs. Taking all of them into consideration, the proposed soft-start circuit of DC-DC switching converter for portable devices realizes the soft-start function without off-chip capacitor, large on-chip capacitor or additional resistor, thereby minimizing the implementation area and reducing the cost. The proposed soft-start circuit which is digital-controlled is mainly composed of a 4-bit resistor-string digital-to-analog converter (RDAC) and a 2-bit voltage divider implemented by stacked diode-connected transistors. The novel soft-start circuit has been designed with a 0. 1 $\mathrm{S}\mu \mathrm{m}$ CMOS process as part of a buck converter and only occupies 0.00483 mm2 on silicon with a supply voltage of 3.3 V.
Two-Stream Attention 3-D Deep Network-Based Childhood Epilepsy Syndrome Classification

Epilepsy syndromes are typical childhood nervous system diseases, usually containing several different seizure types commonly seen. There exist around 20 known childhood epilepsy syndromes and accurate classifying these epilepsy syndromes plays a vital guidance to diagnosis and treatment. Current research mainly focused on seizure detection, while few have been presented on epilepsy syndrome classification. In this article, a novel two-stream 3-D attention module-based deep network (TSA3-D) is developed to exploit multichannel time-frequency and frequency-space features of interictal EEGs for epilepsy syndrome classification. Two multichannel montage transforms are applied for EEG feature optimization to reduce artifact affection. In TSA3-D, both the channelwise attention (CA) and dual spatial attention (DSA)-based 3-D attention modules are developed to enhance the EEG feature learning capability. The study is conducted on the long-term interictal EEGs of 115 subjects from the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (CHZU). These data belong to seven typical childhood epilepsy syndromes and one normal control group. Experimental results show that TSA3-D can achieve an overall accuracy of 99.52%, the highest among when compared with the state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods.
Decoherent time-dependent transport beyond the Landauer-Büttiker formulation: a quantum-drift alternative to quantum jumps

Fil: Fernandez, Lucas Jonatan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Fisica Enrique Gaviola. Universidad Nacional de Cordoba. Instituto de Fisica Enrique Gaviola; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cordoba. Facultad de Matematica, Astronomia y Fisica; Argentina
Void statistics and hierarchical scaling in the halo model

We study scaling behaviour of statistics of voids in the context of the halo model of nonlinear large-scale structure. The halo model allows us to understand why the observed galaxy void probability obeys hierarchical scaling, even though the premise from which the scaling is derived is not satisfied. We argue that the commonly observed negative binomial scaling is not fundamental, but merely the result of the specific values of bias and number density for typical galaxies. The model implies quantitative relations between void statistics measured for two populations of galaxies, such as SDSS red and blue galaxies, and their number density and bias.
Stochastic Star Formation & Feedback: Mapping Low-Mass Galaxies to Dark Matter Haloes

Comparison of observed satellite galaxies of the Milky Way (hereafter MW) with dark matter subhaloes in cosmological $N$-body simulations of MW-mass haloes suggest that such subhaloes, if they exist, are occupied by satellites in a stochastic fashion. We examine how inefficient massive star formation and associated supernova feedback in high-redshift progenitors of present-day low-mass subhaloes might contribute to this stochasticity. Using a Monte Carlo approach to follow the assembly histories of present-day low-mass haloes with $10^7 \lesssim M \leq 10^{10}$ ${\rm M}_{\odot}$, we identify when cooling and star formation is likely to proceed, and observe that haloes with present-day masses $\lesssim 10^9 {\rm M}_{\odot}$ never grow sufficiently massive to support atomic hydrogen line cooling. Noting that the star formation timescale decreases sharply with stellar mass as $t_{\rm PMS} \propto m_{\ast}^{-2.5}$, we argue that, should the conditions for high mass star formation arise in low-mass haloes, the ensuing supernovae are likely to disrupt ongoing lower-mass star formation and unbind gas within the halo. This potentially star-forming gas is unlikely to be replenished in lower mass haloes because of, e.g. cosmological reionization, and so we expect galaxy formation to be stymied in a manner that depends on host halo assembly history and the efficiency and timing of star formation in proto-galaxies, which we illustrate using a Monte Carlo model. Based on these simple physical arguments, we assert that stochasticity of star formation and feedback is an essential but overlooked ingredient in modelling galaxy formation on the smallest scales.
Seasonal Variation of Dust Aerosol Vertical Distribution in Arctic Based on Polarized Micropulse Lidar Measurement

This study investigates the seasonal variation of dust aerosol vertical distribution using polarized Micropulse lidar (MPL) measurements at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) North Slope of Alaska (NSA) observatory from January 2013 to September 2017. For the first time, multi-year aerosol backscatter coefficients are retrieved at the ARM NSA site from MPL measurements and are consistent with co-located high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) measurements. The high-quality aerosol backscatter coefficient retrievals are used to derive the particle depolarization ratio (PDR) at the wavelength of 532 nm, which is used to identify the presence of dust aerosols. The annual cycles of the vertical distributions of dust backscatter coefficient and PDR and dust aerosol optical depth (DAOD) show that aerosol loading has a maximum in late winter and early spring but a minimum in late summer and early autumn. Vertically, dust aerosol occurs in the entire troposphere in spring and winter and in the low and middle troposphere in summer and autumn. Because dust aerosols are effective ice nuclei, the seasonality of dust aerosol vertical distribution has important implications for the Arctic climate through aerosol–cloud–radiation interactions, primarily through impacting mixed-phase cloud processes.
Science with an ngVLA: The Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect from Quasar and Starburst Winds.

The Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect (SZE) can be used to detect the hot bubbles in the intergalactic medium blown by energetic winds from AGN and starbursts. By directly constraining the kinetic luminosity, age and total energy of the outflow, it offers the promise of greatly increasing our understanding of the effects of wind feedback on galaxy evolution. Detecting the SZE in these winds is very challenging, at the edge of what is possible using existing facilities. The scale of the signal (10-100 kpc) is, however, well matched to interferometers operating at mm wavelengths for objects at z~1. Thus this could become a major science area for the ngVLA, especially if the design of the core is optimized for sensitivity on angular scales of >1 arcsec in the 90 GHz band.
Associations of MicroRNA-34a Expression Profile; Serum Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Disease Progression in Hepatitis C Patients

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Noninvasive indicators for the diagnosis and follow-up of individuals with liver disorders may be found in circulating microRNAs. One such miRNA is miR-34a, which has been linked to the development of HCC. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly vascular tumor in which angiogenesis plays a critical role in its development. The best-known angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), has been proven to have a pivotal role in the development of HCC. Objectives : To evaluate the expression profile of miRNA-34a and the serum levels of VEGF both in patients and control group and to find their association with disease progression in HCV patients and evaluate their significance as novel markers for HCV induced HCC. Subjects and Method: Including 32 CHC, 23 CHC with liver cirrhosis (LC), 20 CHC with HCC patients, and 15 healthy controls, a total of 90 people participated in the study. Real-time PCR was used to examine the miR-34a expression profile. ELISA was used to assess VEGF concentrations in serum. Results : Serum miR-34a down-regulation was observed in patients’ groups compared to control group, with lower expression in HCV infection with HCC and HCV infection with LC groups than the HCV infected group. Also VEGF level increased significantly in groups HCV infection with LC and with HCC compared to the control group, in groups HCV infection with LC and with HCC groups compared to the HCV infected group and in group HCV infection with HCC compared to HCV infection with LC group. Conclusion : Expression profile of miRNA-34a and serum levels of VEGF can be used as novel markers for HCV inducing HCC with prediction of disease progression in CHC patients.
Laser operation and Bose-Einstein condensation: analogies and differences

After reviewing the interpretation of laser operation as a non-equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensation phase transition, we illustrate the novel features arising from the non-equilibrium nature of photon and polariton Bose-Einstein condensates recently observed in experiments. We then proposea quantitative criterion to experimentally assess the equilibrium vs. non-equilibrium nature of a specific condensation process, based on fluctuation-dissipation relations. The power of this criterion is illustrated on two models which shows very different behaviours.