Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Repurposing a Digital Twin-Based Decision Support System as a Training Tool by Incorporating Learning Science Principles

The U.S. Navy has a sophisticated manpower planning process for recruiting, selecting, training, and placing thousands of enlisted Sailors into hundreds of specific jobs every year. Given the large number of “moving parts” in this manpower planning process, some inefficiencies are unavoidable. For example, there may be a non-trivial time gap between when some Sailors complete their job-specific training course and when they arrive at their duty station. During this time, their knowledge and skills will invariably decay due to lack of use. Electronic job aids, such as Interactive Electronic Technical Manuals (IETMs) and Decision Support Systems (DSS), are important to mission success because they help to reduce the need for Sailors to memorize rarely used factual details. However, IETMs and DSSs are job aids, not training tools. In this paper, we describe how we repurposed an existing digital twin-based DSS to create a ubiquitous, online training tool. We did so by leveraging the learning science principles of human performance measurement, adaptive learning with scaffolding, performance feedback, and training data analytics. We conclude with a series of best practices and lessons learned that other practitioners could follow when attempting to repurpose electronic job aids that were not originally designed for training.
SHEAR STRENGTH AND STIFFNESS OF SILTY SAND

The properties of clean sands pertaining to shear strength and stiffness have been studied extensively. However, natural sands generally contain significant amounts of silt and/or clay. The mechanical response of such soils is different from that of clean sands. This paper addresses the effects of nonplastic fines on the small-strain stiffness and shear strength of sands. A series of laboratory tests was performed on samples of Ottawa sand with fines content in the range of 5–20% by weight. The samples were prepared at different relative densities and were subjected to various levels of mean effective consolidation stress. Most of the triaxial tests were conducted to axial strains in excess of 30%. The stress-strain responses were recorded, and the shear strength and dilatancy parameters were obtained for each fines percentage. Bender element tests performed in triaxial test samples allowed assessment of the effect of fines content on small-strain mechanical stiffness.
Depth-integrated primary production in the eastern tropical and subtropical North Atlantic basin from ocean colour imagery

Existing satellite numerical models and data interpolation methods were used to evaluate the scales of variation in the vertical distribution of the phytoplankton biomass and the daily rate of primary production within the subtropical and tropical NE Atlantic Ocean (5-40 N; 6-30 W). The choice of this area was dictated principally by its economical importance, as it represents a large fishing ground due to upwelling activities along the coast of Morocco and Mauritania. After geographical partition of the area of study into 'bio-geochemical provinces' based on bathymetry and surface circulation, up to 300 satellite scenes obtained from the defunct Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) and covering the full year 1983 were processed into maps of surface chlorophyll and were further analysed into integrated primary production. Analyses of satellite data included a specific method to account for the sensitivity loss of the sensor during the studied period. The results of the productivity model are presented in ter.
Pedofaunistic and soil investigation in Scots pine forests in the Aosta Valley and Piedmont (northwest Italy)

standard, together with the abundances of key taxa, and the statistical analyses adopted, show how close the integration of pedologic and pedofaunistic expertises must be to understand population dynamics and the environmental parameters influencing them, and how thorough the pedofaunistic investigation must be to assess correctly the presence/absence of key taxa when evaluating the biological quality of soils.
The Special Role of JAK/STAT, and Notch Signaling Pathways in Cancer Pathogenesis

Cancer is essentially a genetic disease, characterized by unclear etiology in many cases, complex pathogenic mechanisms, since in the majority of cancer cases only risk or predisposing factors have been recognized, and unclarified observations concerning organs that are not often affected by malignant tumors such as the small intestine, spleen, heart, and the neurons of the Central Nervous System. A tumor’s appearance and progression presupposes a series of genetic and non-genetic alterations that characterize tumor cells, and are related to self-sufficiency in growth stimuli, insensitivity to anti-growth signals, unlimited replicative potential, angiogenesis promotion, ability to infiltrate surrounding tissues and induce distant metastases, and resistance to apoptosis. The mentioned characteristics are associated with signaling pathways that are involved in cell survival, cell death, cell growth and division, cell motility, and can be considered in the context of abnormalities of wider signaling networks that support cancer progression, such as tumor microenvironment alterations, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Among others, two signaling pathways, JAK/STAT and Notch, seem to play essential roles in tumorigenesis, despite the fact that are implicated in diverse cellular functions such as tissue formation and cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, self-renewal, antitumor immune response suppression, motility, stress response and other responses depending on the target tissue. Hyperactivation of those signaling pathways caused by mutations are able to transform cellular proto-oncogenes to oncogenes, whereas inactivation of tumor suppressor genes eradicates crucial negative regulators of signaling. Various anticancer agents target those signaling pathways in an attempt to inhibit those pathways including monoclonal antibodies and other agents in the context of targeted cancer therapy.
The hysteresis response of soil CO2 concentration and soil respiration to soil temperature

Diurnal hysteresis between soil temperature (Ts) and both CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and soil respiration rate (Rs) were reported across different field experiments. However, the causes of these hysteresis patterns remain a subject of debate, with biotic and abiotic factors both invoked as explanations. To address these issues, a CO2 gas transport model is developed by combining a layer‐wise mass conservation equation for subsurface gas phase CO2, Fickian diffusion for gas transfer, and a CO2 source term that depends on soil temperature, moisture, and photosynthetic rate. Using this model, a hierarchy of numerical experiments were employed to disentangle the causes of the hysteretic [CO2]‐Ts and CO2 flux Ts (i.e., F‐Ts) relations. Model results show that gas transport alone can introduce both [CO2]‐Ts and F‐Ts hystereses and also confirm prior findings that heat flow in soils lead to [CO2] and F being out of phase with Ts, thereby providing another reason for the occurrence of both hystereses. The area (Ahys) of the [CO2]‐Ts hysteresis near the surface increases, while the Ahys of the Rs‐Ts hysteresis decreases as soils become wetter. Moreover, a time‐lagged carbon input from photosynthesis deformed the [CO2]‐Ts and Rs‐Ts patterns, causing a change in the loop direction from counterclockwise to clockwise with decreasing time lag. An asymmetric 8‐shaped pattern emerged as the transition state between the two loop directions. Tracing the pattern and direction of the hysteretic [CO2]‐Ts and Rs‐Ts relations can provide new ways to fingerprint the effects of photosynthesis stimulation on soil microbial activity and detect time lags between rhizospheric respiration and photosynthesis.
Screening of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Recovery of Valuable Phenolics From Waste of Shalgam Juice Process

Shalgam juice is one of the most popular non-alcoholic beverages in Türkiye and also in many countries. The high amount of production, regarding the high amount of consumption leads to an inevitable amount of solid waste. This amount reaches to almost 12 million kg of fermented black carrot annually. The accumulation of this waste causes fatal environmental pollution. The waste of shalgam juice process, fermented black carrot, retains significant amount of valuable components, such as phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. In this study new generation green solvents, Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs) were screened for the extraction of valuable phenolics from fermented black carrot using ultrasound assisted extraction. The NADESs used were selected from four different groups such as acidic, sugar-based, choline chloride-sugar based and polyol-based. According to the results, the members of polyol and choline chloride sugar NADESs showed up. Choline chloride-glycerol (polyol group), extracted the highest total phenol amount (16.04 mg/g) and also provided the highest antioxidant activity (81.77%). On the other hand, NADESs belonging to choline chloride-sugar group were effective for the extraction of flavonoids and monomeric anthocyanins. Namely, choline chloride-fructose-water extract contained 21.45 mg/g of total flavonoids, while choline chloride-sucrose-water extract contained 1680.51 mg/kg of total monomeric anthocyanins. The performances of NADESs tested were found to be higher than that of water and ethanol showing the high yield recovery of valuable phenolics with NADESs. The results exhibited the significance of the components inside the waste. The remaining valuable content could be easily and efficiently extracted using NADESs and these extracts –as a mixture or after purification- can furtherly be used for different purposes in different fields, such as cosmetics, antioxidant preparations, etc, using a zero-cost waste as the input of the processes.
Evolution in the context of the environment

AMANDA JOAN CHUNCO: Evolution in the Context of the Environment (Under the direction of Maria R. Servedio and Karin S. Pfennig) Ecology can strongly influence evolution. To fully understand the evolutionary history of a species, it is essential to consider evolution within the context of the environment. Here, I explore how the environment produces different evolutionary patterns between populations and species, while considering how evolution in turn affects ecological patterns of distribution and population viability. Within a single population, the environment can affect whether polymorphisms are maintained or lost. Using a population genetic model, I show how natural and sexual selection can result in the maintenance of male color polymorphisms (MCPs) in a single population. Specifically, I find that microhabitat heterogeneity can lead to MCP maintenance despite asymmetries in the strengths of natural and sexual selection and in microhabitat proportions. Also, while sexual selection alone is often sufficient for polymorphism maintenance, natural selection alone results in polymorphisms under only unrealistic conditions. In comparing multiple populations, the environment influences population viability. When female mate choice is environmentally dependent, adaptive mate choice may affect the probability of population extinction. Here, I suggest how both the targets of mate choice and the fitness tradeoffs that females face influence extinction risk. I then describe how differential extinction risk in turn contributes to ecological patterns in
Coloring-flow Duality of Embedded Graphs

Let G be a directed graph embedded in a surface. A map φ : E(G) → R is a tension if for every circuit C ⊆ G, the sum of φ on the forward edges of C is equal to the sum of φ on the backward edges of C. If this condition is satisfied for every circuit of G which is a contractible curve in the surface, then φ is a local tension. If 1 ≤ |φ(e)| ≤ α − 1 holds for every e ∈ E(G), we say that φ is a (local) α-tension. We define the circular chromatic number and the local circular chromatic number of G by χ c (G) = inf{α ∈ R | G has an α-tension} and χ loc (G) = inf{α ∈ R | G has a local α-tension}, respectively. The invariant χ c is a refinement of the usual chromatic number, whereas χ loc is closely related to Tutte's flow index and Bouchet's biflow index of the surface dual G *. From the definitions we have χ loc (G) ≤ χ c (G). The main result of this paper is a far-reaching generalization of Tutte's coloring-flow duality in planar graphs. It is proved that for every surface X and every ε > 0, there exists an integer M so that χ c (G) ≤ χ loc (G) + ε holds for every graph embedded in X with edge-width at least M , where the edge-width is the length of a shortest noncontractible circuit in G. In 1996, Youngs discovered that every quadrangulation of the projective plane has chromatic number 2 or 4, but never 3. As an application of the main result we show that such 'bimodal' behavior can be observed in χ loc , and thus in χ c for two generic classes of embedded graphs: those that are triangulations and those whose face boundaries all have even length. In particular, if G is embedded in some surface with large edge-width and all its faces have even length ≤ 2r, then χ c (G) ∈ [2, 2 + ε] ∪ [ 2r r−1 , 4]. Similarly, if G is a triangulation with large edge-width, then χ c (G) ∈ [3, 3+ε]∪[4, 5]. It is also shown that there exist Eulerian triangulations of arbitrarily large edge-width on nonorientable surfaces whose circular chromatic number is equal to 5.
Observed tendencies in maximum and minimum temperatures in Zacatecas, Mexico and possible causes

At a global level, warming caused by the increase in greenhouse gases has been reported in different parts of the world. This warming resulted in a reduction in the diurnal temperature range (DTR), caused by a faster rate of increase in minimum temperatures. However, the tendency toward warming is not obvious in Zacatecas, Mexico. The tendencies in maximum and minimum temperatures are partly linked to the state of the low frequency variability of large‐scale atmospheric flow patterns, as depicted by the 700‐mb geopotential height anomalies. Analyses of maximum and minimum temperatures from 23 climate stations, from 1963 to 2002, show that the DTR in southern Zacatecas is increasing from a rise in maximum temperatures and drop in minimum temperatures, while the DTR in northern Zacatecas is decreasing from a faster rate of decline in maximum temperatures than the increase in minimum temperatures. The regional series related to the F1 and F2 leading modes, after applying a Varimax‐rotated empirical orthogonal function analysis to the 23 DTR series, acceptably reproduce the north–south dipole of DTR changes, while the point‐correlation analysis between the two regional series, the 700‐mb geopotential height anomalies and the indices of Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation indicate that the DTR in Zacatecas, Mexico is related to fluctuations in subtropical and extratropical circulations. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Bilateral Acute Retinal Necrosis Treated With Antivirals and Corticosteroids

We report on the case of a Hispanic male with bilateral acute retinal necrosis (BARN), whose disease was managed with intravenous acyclovir, topical prednisolone, topical atropine, intravitreal ganciclovir, oral valacyclovir, and oral prednisone. The oral corticosteroid was added to his treatment regimen eight days after his initial presentation. The 55-year-old patient presented with a two-week history of bilateral blurred vision. His medical history was pertinent for remote varicella and herpes zoster (the latter limited to the forehead). His best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was counting fingers in both eyes (OU). His examination was remarkable in OU for grade 3+ cells, pharmacologically dilated pupils, and grade 2+ vitreous cells. The patient's fundus was remarkable in OU for optic-nerve swelling, vitreous condensation, ghost vessels, and retinitis patches. Given the clinical and ancillary testing results, an assessment of BARN was made. The patient received acyclovir treatment initially, and systemic steroids were introduced eight days later. He ultimately experienced significant clinical improvement.
Longitudinal Assessment of In ﬂ ammatory Activity in Acute Type B Aortic Dissection with Integrated Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The aim of this study was to characterise the in ﬂ ammatory response in the aortic wall over time in acute type B aortic dissection by means of ﬂ uorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The highest FDG uptake was found in the acute phase (less than two weeks after onset) in the descending aorta, but also involving the aortic arch and ascending aorta, indicating a hyperin ﬂ ammatory state in the whole thoracic aorta. This in ﬂ ammation subsided early in the ascending aorta and the arch (three to four months), while it is stabilised later in the descending aorta (nine to 12 months). MRI in ﬂ ammatory changes were more frequent in patients who required surgical intervention and merit further investigation as possible biomarkers for disease progression. Objective: The signi ﬁ cance of the in ﬂ ammatory response in the natural course of acute type B aortic dissection (ATBAD) is unknown. The aim was to characterise in ﬂ ammation and its transformation over time in ATBAD using 18 F-ﬂ uorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) with contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Ten patients underwent FDG-PET/MRI within two weeks of ATBAD (acute phase), three to four months (subacute phase), nine to 12 months (early chronic phase), and 21 to 24 months (late chronic phase) after ATBAD. Target background ratios (TBRs) were measured in the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending
The Effect Of Government Spending And Investment On Unemployment And Poverty Rate In North Penajam Paser District (PPU) East Kalimantan Province

Sources of financing are needed to manage and develop the region, which can come from Government Revenue and Investment in the area. This study analyzes the effect of Government Spending and Investment on the Unemployment Rate and Poverty Rate. Using secondary data and Structural Equation Modeling, empirically proven that greater Government Spending will decrease the Unemployment Rate and Poverty Rate. The perfect mediating role of the Un-employment Rate on the relationship between Government Spending and the Poverty Rate While Investment does not significantly affect the Unemployment Rate and Poverty Rate. Policies are needed so that existing investments, com-pulsory involving the local workforce, aim to reduce the area's poverty level.
Relationship Between Sedimentation Rate and Total Organic Carbon Content in Ancient Marine Sediments

An analysis of Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) cores indicates quantitative relations between sedimentation rate and total organic carbon content in fine-grained ancient marine sediments of Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Cenozoic ages. These relations are largely independent of geographic setting, geologic age, and differential compaction, but are strongly affected by lithology. For any given sedimentation rate, the total organic carbon content (TOC) by weight percent increases from calcareous sediments to calcareous-siliceous sediments to siliceous sediments to black shale. The total organic carbon content also varies with the sedimentation rate for each lithology. Starting at low rates of sedimentation, TOC first increases with sedimentation rate owing to a more rapid passage of the sediment through the near-surface zone of intense organic degradation. Above a critical sedimentation rate, TOC typically decreases with increasing sedimentation rate owing to clastic dilution of the organic input. Near-surface organic degradation, however, continues to be less efficient at higher burial rates. Therefore, the oil-generation potential of oil-prone organic constit ents should continue to increase with increasing sedimentation rate. Similar relations were also established between total organic carbon accumulation rate and grain accumulation rate and support both reduced near-surface organic degradation and the clastic dilution effect. By using the TOC cutoff for a petroleum source rock, these relations can be used to identify the presence of petroleum source-rock formations in marine sedimentary basins. The results of this study may have important implications for petroleum exploration in frontier regions. Sedimentation rate can be determined from seismic reflection records or seismic isopachs in basins where only limited well data are generally available. Seismic records can thus be used to identify potential petroleum source rocks and to estimate the relative oil generation potential of source rocks in various frontier sedimentary basins prior to and during the early phases of exploratory drilling.
Livelihoods and Migrants' Social Protection: An Investigation of Migration and Health in Beijing and Tianjin, North China

This paper contributes to a growing body of research on the social protection for rural-urban migrants in Chinese cities. Drawing on extensive fieldwork in Beijing and Tianjin and applying an analytical framework of livelihood studies, it examines an important aspect of migrants‟ social protection, namely migrants‟ health, in particular workplace safety and occupational health. It aims at (1) delineating the current state of affairs in respect of social protection for rural migrants; (2) identifying the risks and threats to migrants‟ health as perceived by the actors involved; (3) examining the extent to which the social rights of rural migrants are recognized, and the struggles that migrants have fought for securing livelihood and realising such rights; and (4) assessing the central and local government responses to the challenges posed for mobile livelihoods and suggesting possible ways forward.
Exploring Regional Differences In Social Work Pedagogy: Attitudes Toward Poverty

This study explores regional differences in student learning outcomes from pre and post-test surveys of undergraduate and first year graduate social work students ( N = 373) enrolled in a social welfare policy class at six different CSWE accredited institutions. As expected, overall results showed a shift in student attitudes away from a personal deficiency explanation for poverty, a decline in stigmatization of poverty, and toward a more structural explanation for the causes of poverty, but significant differences were reported by geographical region. Future research should explore the instructor, pedagogical, and geographical factors that may help of hinder attitudinal preparation for practice social work students.