Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Use of the Muscle Relaxants Baclofen and/or Cyclobenzaprine Associated With an Increased Risk of Delirium Following Lumbar Fusion

Study Design. Retrospective, single-center, cohort study. Objective. Investigate whether the incidence of postoperative delirium in older adults undergoing spinal fusion surgery is associated with postoperative muscle relaxant administration. Summary of Background Data. Baclofen and cyclobenzaprine are muscle relaxants frequently used for pain management following spine surgery. Muscle relaxants are known to cause central nervous system side effects in the outpatient setting and are relatively contraindicated in individuals at high risk for delirium. However, there are no known studies investigating their side effects in the postoperative setting. Methods. Patients over 65 years of age who underwent elective posterior lumbar fusion for degenerative spine disease were stratified into two treatment groups based on whether postoperative muscle relaxants were administered on postoperative day one as part of a multimodal analgesia regimen. Doubly robust inverse probability weighting with cox regression for time-dependent covariates was used to examine the association between postoperative muscle relaxant use and the risk of delirium while controlling for variation in baseline characteristics. Results. The incidence of delirium was 17.6% in the 250 patients who received postoperative muscle relaxants compared with 7.9% in the 280 patients who did not receive muscle relaxants (P=0.001). Multivariate analysis to control for variation in baseline characteristics between treatment groups found that patients who received muscle relaxants had a 2.00 (95% CI: 1.14–3.49) times higher risk of delirium compared with controls (P=0.015). Conclusion. Postoperative use of muscle relaxants as part of a multimodal analgesia regimen was associated with an increased risk of delirium in older adults after lumber fusion surgery. Although muscle relaxants may be beneficial in select patients, they should be used with caution in individuals at high risk for postoperative delirium.
Three-Dimensional Morphometry of the Canine Pelvis: Implications for Total Hip Replacement Surgery

Abstract Objectives Two-dimensional measurements of acetabular geometry are widely used for the assessment of acetabular component orientation following total hip replacement (THR). With the increasing availability of computed tomography scans, there is an opportunity to develop three-dimensional (3D) planning to improve surgical accuracy. The aim of this study was to validate a 3D workflow for measuring angles of lateral opening (ALO) and version, and to establish reference values for dogs. Methods Pelvic computed tomography scans were obtained from 27 skeletally mature dogs with no radiographic evidence of hip joint pathology. Patient-specific 3D models were built, and ALO and version angles were measured for both acetabula. The validity of the technique was determined by calculating intra-observer coefficient of variation (CV, %). Reference ranges were calculated and data from left and right hemipelves were compared using a paired t -test and symmetry index. Results Measurements of acetabular geometry were highly repeatable (intra-observer CV 3.5–5.2%, inter-observer CV 3.3–5.2%). Mean (± standard deviation) values for ALO and version angle were 42.9 degrees (± 4.0 degrees) and 27.2 degrees (± 5.3 degrees) respectively. Left-right measurements from the same dog were symmetrical (symmetry index 6.8 to 11.1%) and not significantly different. Conclusions Mean values of acetabular alignment were broadly similar to clinical THR guidelines (ALO of 45 degrees, version angle of 15–25 degrees), but the wide variation in angle measurements highlights the potential need for patient-specific planning to reduce the risk of complications such as luxation.
Limits on classifying pulsed signals

Fundamental bounds are presented for classifying pulsed signals observed in additive Gaussian noise. The bounds specify the maximum number of signals that can be reliably classified as a function of the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the dimension of the subspace containing the signals. The bounds are based on a "sphere packing" arrangement for the signals that maximizes the probability of correct classification. The bounds are easy to compute and provide a reference to facilitate comparisons between classification algorithms. An example is presented in which the signals consist of RF pulses with different center frequencies, and the sphere packing bounds are compared with the performance of the maximum likelihood classifier.
Re-emergence of herpes simplex virus type-1 and type-2 manifestations in type 2 diabetes patients: its current status, genomic characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and future outlook

The infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) type-1 (HSV-1) and type-2 (HSV-2), more often referred to as herpes, is widespread worldwide. There is no treatment for herpes that is effective in the long term at this time. HSV-1 and HSV-2 are the two kinds that are documented to produce various symptoms, which may range from acute to chronic forms of the condition. The HSV is very infectious and may be passed from person to person via any physical contact [1] . In addition to this, viral shedding may also occur in the absence of any symptoms caused by an infection. It produces the disease in or around the mouth (oral herpes), but it also has the capability to generate genital herpes. It represents the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily of viruses with eight different variants of HSVs identi ﬁ ed, including HSV-1 and HSV-2, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein – Barr virus, and human herpesviruses-6, 7 and 8. The structure of this pathogenic virus is made up of linear double-stranded DNA, an icosahedral capsid range between 100 and 110 nm in diameter, and a spikey envelope. In principle, the pathophysiology of HSV infection is thought to resemble a cycle consisting of early diseases of epithelial cells, incubation mostly in the human neurons, and resurrection of the infection. Vesicular eruptions, most often observed in the orolabial and vaginal mucosa, are caused by HSV. HSV is also accountable for chronic and reoccurring vesicular eruptions, and infection can manifest itself in a wide variety of ways, such as orolabial herpes, herpetic
The effect of successful lower extremity revascularization on aortic stiffness in patients with peripheral arterial disease

Objective Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a global health problem and associated with poor outcomes. It causes increased arterial stiffness. The association of PAD with aortic arterial stiffness was investigated in previous studies. However, there is limited data regarding the effect of peripheral revascularization on arterial stiffness. The aim of our study is to investigate the effect of peripheral revascularization on aortic stiffness parameters in patients with symptomatic PAD. Methods A total of 48 patients with PAD who underwent peripheral revascularization were included in the study. Echocardiography was performed before and after the procedure, and aortic stiffness parameters were obtained by using aortic diameters and arterial blood pressure measurements. Results Post-procedural aortic strain (5.1 [1.3–14] vs. 6.3 [2.8–6.3], p = 0.009) and aortic distensibility (0.2 [0.0–0.9] vs. 0.3 [0.1–1.1], p = 0.001) measurements were significantly increased compared to pre-procedural values. Patients were also compared according to the lesion laterality, site and treatment methods. It was found that the change in aortic strain (p = 0.031) and distensibility (p = 0.043) were significantly higher in unilateral lesion compared to bilateral lesion. Also, the change in aortic strain (p = 0.042) and distensibility (p = 0.033) were significantly higher in iliac site lesion compared to superficial femoral artery (SFA) site lesion. Moreover, the change in aortic strain was significantly higher (p = 0.013) in patients treated with stent compared to only balloon angioplasty. Conclusion Our study showed that successful percutaneous revascularization significantly reduced aortic stiffness in PAD. The change in aortic stiffness was significantly higher in unilateral lesions, iliac site lesions and stent-treated lesions.
Avian Sex Determination: A Chicken and Egg Conundrum

Background: Primary sex determination is the developmental process that results in the sexual differentiation of the gonads. Vertebrate sex determination is generally considered to follow the model based on the mammalian system, where a sex-specific master regulatory gene activates one of the two different gene networks that underlie testis and ovary differentiation. Summary: It is now known that, while many of the molecular components of these pathways are conserved across different vertebrates, a wide variety of different trigger factors are utilized to initiate primary sex determination. In birds, the male is the homogametic sex (ZZ), and significant differences exist between the avian system of sex determination and that of mammals. For example, DMRT1, FOXL2, and estrogen are key factors in gonadogenesis in birds, but none are essential for primary sex determination in mammals. Key Message: Gonadal sex determination in birds is thought to depend on a dosage-based mechanism involving expression of the Z-linked DMRT1 gene, and it may be that this “mechanism” is simply an extension of the cell autonomous sex identity associated with avian tissues, with no sex-specific trigger required.
Coincidence Site Lattices in Non-Cubic Lattices

Except for trivial cases, which are not relevant in coincidence site lattice (c.s.l.) models of grain boundary structure, c.s. l. rotations can only exist in C-lattices, i.e. those which contain an orthorhombic cell with edges o1 o2, o3 so that o12: o22: o32: = n1: n2: n3, the ni being integers. It is also shown that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the c.s. l. rotations of a C-lattice and those of a cubic lattice. However, the reciprocal fraction of coincident points, Σ, tends to be larger in non-cubic lattices. The implications, for the c.s. l. model of grain boundaries, of the weak incidence of low Σ c.s. l. orientations in non-cubic crystals are discussed. Exception faite des cas triviaux qui ne sont pas irnportants pour le modele de joints de grain base sur la theorie des reseaux de Coincidence, les rotations de coincidence partielle n'existent que pour des reseaux-C, c'est a dire, des reseaux qui contient une maille orthorombique o1 o2, o3 telle que o12: o22: o32: = n1: n2: n3, les ni etant des numeros entiers. On montre aussi qu'il y a une correspondence biunivoque entre les rotations de coincidence des reseaux-C et celles ď un reseau cubique. Cependant, la fraction reciproque des noeuds coincidents, Σ, est en general plus grande pour les reseaux non-cubiques. On discute les consequences de la faible incidence des orientations ayant de petites valeurs de Σ dans les cristaux non-cubiques, au point de vue des modeles de joints de grain.
Flow-history effect on higher modes in the spherical Couette system

Our flow-visualization and spectral studies of spherical Couette flow between two concentric spheres with only the inner sphere rotating for the clearance ratio (or gap ratio) 0.14 where the Taylor instability occurs have been pursued to systematically explore how and why a variety of wavenumbers and rotation frequencies of the non-axisymmetric periodic disturbances occurs at the same supercritical Reynolds number. The observed periodic disturbances constitute six kinds of disturbances: spiral TG (Taylor–Görtler) vortices, twists developing within toroidal TG vortices, both unmodulated and modulated waves travelling on the TG vortices, and both Stuart vortices and shear waves developing within the Ekman-type secondary flow. Development of these disturbances depends strongly on the flow mode at the initial Reynolds number (initial flow mode) and on the Reynolds-number evolution process approaching the final Reynolds number (acceleration rate and history of the Reynolds number). In our previous studies (Nakabayashi 1983; Nakabayashi & Tsuchida 1988 a, b), we clarified the structures, wavenumbers and rotation frequencies of the periodic disturbances caused by a quasi-static increasing of the Reynolds number. In the present study, we consider how the characteristics of periodic disturbances depend on the following three factors: (i) the rate of increase of the Reynolds number; (ii) the number of toroidal vortices in an initial flow mode; and (iii) the quasi-static Reynolds-number history. The flow modes observed in the present study are all stable to small perturbations, and the transitions among the flow modes are reproducible.
New techniques of applying multi-wavelength anomalous scattering data

Several different methods of using multi-wavelength anomalous scattering data are described and illustrated by application to the solution of the known protein structure, core streptavidin, for which data at three wavelengths were available. Three of the methods depend on the calculation of Patterson-like functions for which the Fourier coefficients involve combinations of the anomalous structure amplitudes from either two or three wavelengths. Each of these maps should show either vectors between anomalous scatterers or between anomalous scatterers and non-anomalous scatterers. While they do so when ideal data are used, with real data they give little information; it is concluded that these methods are far too sensitive to errors in the data and to the scaling of the data-sets to each other. Another Patterson-type function, the Ps function, which uses only single-wavelength data can be made more effective by combining the information from several wavelengths. Two analytical methods are described, called AGREE and ROTATE, both of which were very successfully applied to the core streptavidin data. They are both made more effective by preprocessing the data with a procedure called REVISE which brings a measure of mutual consistency to the data from different wavelengths. The best phases obtained from AGREE lead to a map with a conventional correlation coefficient of 0.549 and this should readily be interpreted in terms of a structural model.
Rapid generation of homogenous tumor spheroid microtissues in a scaffold-free platform for high-throughput screening of a novel combination nanomedicine

Combination nanomedicine is a potent strategy for cancer treatment. Exploiting different mechanisms of action, a novel triple drug delivery system of 5-fluorouracil, curcumin, and piperine co-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles (5FU-CUR-PIP-HSA-NPs) was developed via the self‐assembly method for suppressing breast tumor. Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs were successfully encapsulated in the HSA NPs with a high drug loading efficiency (DLE) of 10%. Successful clinical translation of nanomedicines, however, is a challenging process requiring considerable preclinical in vitro and in vivo animal tests. The aim of this study was to develop a homemade preclinical 3D culture model in the standard 96-well plates in a cost and time-effective novel approach for the rapid generation of homogenous compact tumor spheroids for disease modeling, and anticancer therapeutic/nanomedicine screening. The knowledge of drug screening can be enhanced by employing such a model in a high-throughput manner. Accordingly, to validate the formulated drug delivery system and investigate the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity effect of the nanoformulation, 3D tumor spheroids were employed. The practicality of the nanomedicine system was substantiated in different tests. The in vitro uptake of the NPs into the tight 3D tumor spheroids was facilitated by the semi-spherical shape of the NPs with a proper size and surface charge. 5FU-CUR-PIP-HSA-NPs demonstrated high potency of migration inhibition as a part of successful anti-metastatic therapy as well. The remarkable differences in 2D and 3D cytotoxicities emphasize the importance of employing 3D tumor models as an intermediate step prior to in vivo animal experiments for drug/nanomedicine screening.
Two‐way coupling in reservoir–geomechanical models: vertex‐centered Galerkin geomechanical model cell‐centered and vertex‐centered finite volume reservoir models

Procedures to couple reservoir and geomechanical models are reviewed. The focus is on immiscible compressible non‐compositional reservoir–geomechanical models. Such models require the solution to: coupled stress, pressure, saturation and temperature equations. Although the couplings between saturation and temperature with stress and fluid pressure are ‘weak’ and can be adequately captured thru staggered (fixed point) iterations, the couplings between stress and pressure are ‘strong’ and require special procedures for accurate integration. As shown and discussed in detail in our previous works, two‐way coupling (i.e., simultaneous integration) of pressure and stress equations is required if poromechanical effects are to be captured accurately. In our previous work, a Galerkin implementation of both pressure and stress equations was used with equal order interpolants.
Screening and Counseling Practices for Parental Combustible Versus Electronic Cigarette Use in Pediatric Primary Care: A Pilot Study

Objective: Tobacco exposure plays an important role in children’s health. Little is known about pediatrician’s experience with parental e-cigarette use. This pilot study aimed to assess pediatrician’s knowledge, attitude, and behaviors regarding parental e-cigarette use. Methods: This cross-sectional survey at an academic clinic assessed residents’ and attendings’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding parental combustible and e-cigarette use and counseling and cessation barriers. Results: Sixty of 69 care providers completed the survey. Participants reported asking about parental use (5% vs 58%, Δ = 53% [95% CI Δ = 40%-67%]), advising about harms (5% vs 52%, Δ = 47% [95% CI Δ = 33%-61%]), and assisting with quitting (2% vs 28%, Δ = 27% [95% CI Δ = 15%-39%]) significantly less for e-cigarettes than for combustible cigarettes. The most common barrier to discussing use was lack of time. Lack of knowledge, unsure of harm, and lack of training were reported significantly more for e-cigarettes than for combustible cigarettes. Conclusion: Parental screening and counseling rates are significantly lower for e-cigarettes than for combustible cigarettes in this pilot study. Increased training could help pediatricians better protect children from tobacco exposure.
Adaptive analysis of speech based on a pole-zero representation

Two analysis methods are proposed to estimate the orders as well as the parameter values of an autoregressive moving-average (ARMA) process with a white Gaussian noise or a train of impulses as input. This process is adopted as a model for the process of speech production. The estimation is accomplished directly from the signal waveform using recursive formulas and is optimum in the sense that the variance of errors in the estimated waveform is minimized. This method is less vulnerable to fluctuations in the fundamental period of the source than the previously proposed methods based on the auto-correlation function. In order to trace the trajectories of the poles and zeros in the vocal tract transfer function, it is required to develop a method for adapting to the temporal variations of the acoustic characteristics of speech. A method is also proposed for adaptive control of the analysis interval based on the detection of convergence of the estimated values of the parameters. The validity of the proposed methods is tested by analysis of both synthetic and natural speech sounds.
Palbociclib (PD 0332991) Interaction with Kinases. Theoretical and Comparative Molecular Docking Study

The optimized geometry of palbociclib, (PD 0332991) (8‐cyclopentyl‐6‐ethanoyl‐5‐methyl‐2‐(5‐(piperazin‐1‐yl)pyridin‐2‐ylamino)pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐7(8H)‐one), electrostatic potential map, molecular orbitals were calculated using the density functional theory. The geometry was used in a molecular docking study of palbociclib‐kinase complexes, results could be explained by the charge of the nitrogen and oxygen atoms within the palbociclib. Energy gap of HOMO‐LUMO surfaces, could help to explain the reactivity of the ligand and the hydrogen bonding with three different kinases, two of CDK6 and one of CDK4 type. Docking results are similar and complementary with literature reports using molecular dynamics, were hydrogen bonding was obtained and analyzed. The promiscuity of three kinases with palbociclib was detected by the docking results, thus, palbociclib could be used in other types of cancer besides myeloid leukemia. Some similarities are found with CDK4/CDK6 kinases which allow us to determine that palbociclib could be used to control other resistant inhibitor types of cancer.
An efficient method to reconstruct prismatic rigid objects by multiple camera arrangements

An efficient method to reconstruct prismatic rigid objects by multiple camera arrangements is presented in this paper. The proposed method estimates accurately the dominant vanishing points in remarkably short time. First, concurrent multiple views from the distinct cameras located at the upper corners of a room are used as the input to the algorithm. An implementation of the Radon transform is then applied in order to detect line segments across the respective views. An initial hypothesis about the existing vanishing points is made. The J-linkage algorithm is utilized to cluster the different groups of line segments and to refine the calculation of the respective vanishing points. The regions across the multi-camera system are then distinguished and the correspondences across the multiple views of the test room are obtained. Last, the volume of objects is estimated accurately with multiple cross ratios along the images and is represented by an octree decomposition technique.
The D614G mutation helps to increase the transmissibility and reduce the virulence of SARS-CoV-2 variants through natural selection

The massive surge of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had signi ﬁ cant implications for the population of the entire world during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, a species of the family Coronaviridae, is a single-stranded RNA virus. Unlike DNA viruses, RNA viruses are prone to mutations. These mutations are very rapid and are required to be a part of natural selection [1] . Importantly, evidence suggests that in the past decades, the rapid spread of a pandemic was usually altered by such mutations through natural selection. This natural selection, followed by the mutations, reduces the virulence of the virus, which is, in turn, bene ﬁ cial for society. The same scenario was noticeable in the case of the SARS-CoV-2 virus [2] . According to the signi ﬁ cant classi ﬁ cations made by the WHO and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there are several emerging variants; some are called variants of concern, while the rest are called variants of interest. These emerging variants, in turn, alter several types of viral characteristics, like transmissibility, vaccine activity, rate of infection, etc. [3,4] . In all these emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, the D614G mutation is the most common mutation found in the viral S-protein [3] . According to certain data, the scientists implied that this mutation had altered several virus properties. The increased ﬁ tness and transmissibility of the virus are solely responsible for this mutation. Due to this mutation, the viral replication also increases, making the virus more transmissible [5]