Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Erosion Prediction of Gas Turbine Compressor Blades Subjected to Water Washing Process

Blade fouling is a relevant problem in turbomachinery applications. It affects both compressors and turbines. In the first case, fouling can be generated by the presence of dust, ashes or brackish air (in offshore applications). In turbines, fouling is mainly generated by residual of combustion process. Blade fouling generally leads to a reduction of the performance due to an increase on profile losses. Here we focus on the fouling due to salt deposition on naval/off-shore applications referring to machines that are part of the fleet of gas turbines manufacturers. In such applications, it is common to introduce on-line washing devices aiming at removing fouling from the early stages of the compressors. The water is sprayed upstream of the first rotor, it impacts on the rotor blades and thus dissolving the deposited salt. However, this procedure possibly leads to blade erosion and/or corrosion. A clear comprehension of the erosion mechanism is the main objective of the present work. To this end, we propose an integrated multi-phase CFD tool. The multi-phase flow is analyzed by adopting a one-way coupling, thus assuming water droplets to be drag by the carrier flow without influencing the main flow. The droplets are dispersed and tracked singularly by adopting a Lagrangian approach. As for the erosion, well-known and widely accepted models are used. The capability of a Lagrangian code, P-Track, developed and validated at the Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University in Rome, is presented. The code is able to predict the droplets trajectories, as well as to simulate the impact on the solid walls and the erosion mechanism. Simulations were performed using 25 and 100 μm droplet size. Results, expressed in terms of normalized erosion rate, show the erosion patterns and erosive effect of the two size classes. Erosive capacity is proportional to droplet size, and the most eroded part of the blade is the leading edge, which is in qualitative agreement with measurements.
A Comparison of Virological Suppression and Rebound between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Persons Initiating Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in a Multisite Cohort of Individuals Living with HIV in Canada

Background This study compared time to virological suppression and rebound between Indigenous and non-Indigenous individuals living with HIV in Canada initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Methods Data were from the Canadian Observational Cohort collaboration; eight studies of treatment-naive persons with HIV initiating cART after 1/1/2000. Fine and Gray models were used to estimate the effect of ethnicity on time to virological suppression (two consecutive viral loads [VLs] <50 copies/ml at least 3 months apart) after adjusting for the competing risk of death and time until virological rebound (two consecutive VLs >200 copies/ml at least 3 months apart) following suppression. Results Among 7,080 participants were 497 Indigenous persons of whom 413 (83%) were from British Columbia. The cumulative incidence of suppression 1 year after cART initiation was 54% for Indigenous persons, 77% for Caucasian and 80% for African, Caribbean or Black (ACB) persons. The cumulative incidence of rebound 1 year after suppression was 13% for Indigenous persons, 6% for Caucasian and 7% for ACB persons. Indigenous persons were less likely to achieve suppression than Caucasian participants (aHR=0.58, 95% CI 0.50, 0.68), but not more likely to experience rebound (aHR=1.03, 95% CI 0.84, 1.27) after adjusting for age, gender, injection drug use, men having sex with men status, province of residence, baseline VL and CD4+ T-cell count, antiretroviral class and year of cART initiation. Conclusions Lower suppression rates among Indigenous persons suggest a need for targeted interventions to improve HIV health outcomes during the first year of treatment when suppression is usually achieved.
Point correlation: a reduced-cost template matching technique

The registration of a scene w.r. t. a reference template is usually performed by computing the extremum of the correlation surface. Unfortunately, conventional correlation-type algorithms are computationally expensive. We propose a new reduced-cost correlation technique (called "point correlation") where matching is not performed with the entire template but with a precomputed set of points of this template. We introduce a method to iteratively select a set of points which is optimal in a heuristic way. <<ETX>>
Design of an Intrusion-Tolerant Intrusion Detection System

The goal of this document is to help users designing intrusion-detection systems (IDSes) that cannot be easily defeated by attackers. Three different sets of issues need to be addressed, namely: 1. Current IDSes are known to generate an extremely large number of false alarms. As a result, the identification of a real alarm lost within the noise of false alarms quickly becomes an infeasible task for security officers. Attackers know how to that take advantage of the so-called false positive problem. 2. By design, an IDS must be such that it is not possible to circumvent the detection mechanisms provided by each individual sensor. Otherwise an attacker can defeat the IDS by using well-known techniques to evade detection. Attackers know how to that take advantage of the so-called false negative problem 3. The IDS system itself is a target for the attacker. The IDS must not only be able to detect malicious activities against the system it is supposed to protect but also against itself. Attackers know how to assume control of the IDS system itself. In this document, we offer solutions to these three sets of problems. Any design of an IDS should obey these principles and consider the solutions provided as answers to these problems. Indeed, not addressing one of them opens an avenue for malicious users to defeat the overall system. This document focuses on the main results obtained in the context of the work package 3, dealing with intrusion detection. For the sake of conciseness, we have decided not to include detailed descriptions but rather synthetic summaries. In the course of the text, the interested reader is accordingly referred to other research reports offering in depth explanations. In Chapter 1 we consider how the design of IDS can take best advantages of the work carried out in other MAFTIA work packages. It is our goal to illustrate these notions by means of scenarios for the demonstrations planned at the end of the MAFTIA project. 1.2 Approach We have tried to keep this deliverable as self-contained as possible. We have made all efforts possible to make it readable for people who have not read the other MAFTIA deliverables. However, throughout the text, we will refer the reader to other MAFTIA documents, where detailed information about specific topics can be found. Section 2 of this document will provide a reminder of the MAFTIA terminology used throughout the text. …
Dangerous Liaisons?: When Cultivated Plants Mate with Their Wild Relatives

Contents:Part 1: Foreplay 1. The Case of the Bolting Beets, Part I. Long-Distance Romance 2. Hybridization and Gene Flow, an Introduction 3. Natural Hybridization between Plant Species 4. Evolutionary Consequences of Gene Flow-and Applied ImplicationsPart 2: Caught in the Act 5. Evidence for Recognizing Natural Hybrids 6. The Case of the Bolting Beets, Part II. Detectives Arrive 7. Do Important Crops Mate with Wild Reletives? 8. Is Natural Hybridization with Wild Relatives the Rule for Domesticated Plants? Part 3: Dangerous Liasons? 9. Some Impacts of Gene Flow of Domesticated Alleles into Wild Populations 10. The Case of the Bolting Beets, Part III. The Cloudy Crystal Ball 11. The "Special" Case of Genetically Engineered Plants? 12. Whether and How to Manage Domesticated Gene Flow in to Wild Population
A conceptual model of trust in the online environment

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show that trust is an important factor for successful online transactions. Although the importance of trust has been examined from various perspectives, the studies on online trust have been fragmented in nature and are still in their infancy.Design/methodology/approach – This paper explores factors that affect the formation of end‐user trust in online environments. The study proposes a conceptual framework, which categorises the affecting elements under internal and external factors affecting end‐user trust formation.Findings – The results suggest that the actual outcome of trust‐enhancing methods in online environments should be the development of long‐term trusted customer relationships.Research limitations/implications – More empirical research efforts need to be directed to study trust in online environments. This study is conceptual and qualitative in nature, which is its main limitation.Practical implications – Companies operating in the online environment .
Recognizing Gaits Across Walking and Running Speeds

For decades, very few methods were proposed for cross-mode (i.e., walking vs. running) gait recognition. Thus, it remains largely unexplored regarding how to recognize persons by the way they walk and run. Existing cross-mode methods handle the walking-versus-running problem in two ways, either by exploring the generic mapping relation between walking and running modes or by extracting gait features which are non-/less vulnerable to the changes across these two modes. However, for the first approach, a mapping relation fit for one person may not be applicable to another person. There is no generic mapping relation given that walking and running are two highly self-related motions. The second approach does not give more attention to the disparity between walking and running modes, since mode labels are not involved in their feature learning processes. Distinct from these existing cross-mode methods, in our method, mode labels are used in the feature learning process, and a mode-invariant gait descriptor is hybridized for cross-mode gait recognition to handle this walking-versus-running problem. Further research is organized in this article to investigate the disparity between walking and running. Running is different from walking not only in the speed variances but also, more significantly, in prominent gesture/motion changes. According to these rationales, in our proposed method, we give more attention to the differences between walking and running modes, and a robust gait descriptor is developed to hybridize the mode-invariant spatial and temporal features. Two multi-task learning-based networks are proposed in this method to explore these mode-invariant features. Spatial features describe the body parts non-/less affected by mode changes, and temporal features depict the instinct motion relation of each person. Mode labels are also adopted in the training phase to guide the network to give more attention to the disparity across walking and running modes. In addition, relevant experiments on OU-ISIR Treadmill Dataset A have affirmed the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. A state-of-the-art result can be achieved by our proposed method on this dataset.
Condensation of the singularities in the theory of operator ideals

In the present paper there are given some applications of the principle of condensation of the singularities of families of nonnegative functions established by W. W. Breckner in 1984. They reveal Baire category information on certain subsets of a normed linear space \(X\) of the second category that are defined by means of an inequality of the type \(f(x)<\infty\), where \(f\) is a given function from \(X\) to \([0,\infty]\). Sets of this type occur frequently in the theory of operator ideals. They are constructed individually by using entropy or approximation numbers of operators. By specializing the general results given in the paper it follows that such operator sets are of the first category, while their complements are residual \(G_\delta\)-sets, of the second category, uncountable and dense.
Long Isoform Mouse Selenoprotein P (Sepp1) Supplies Rat Myoblast L8 Cells with Selenium via Endocytosis Mediated by Heparin Binding Properties and Apolipoprotein E Receptor-2 (ApoER2)*

Background: ApoER2 endocytosis of Sepp1 supplies testis and brain with selenium, but the mechanism of supply to other tissues is not known. Results: Sepp1 supplies selenium to heart and skeletal muscle cell lines via apoER2 and many tissues express apoER2. Conclusion: ApoER2 endocytosis of Sepp1 supplies selenium to many tissues. Significance: ApoER2 uptake of Sepp1 likely regulates selenium distribution in the whole body. In vivo studies have shown that selenium is supplied to testis and brain by apoER2-mediated endocytosis of Sepp1. Although cultured cell lines have been shown to utilize selenium from Sepp1 added to the medium, the mechanism of uptake and utilization has not been characterized. Rat L8 myoblast cells were studied. They took up mouse Sepp1 from the medium and used its selenium to increase their glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) activity. L8 cells did not utilize selenium from Gpx3, the other plasma selenoprotein. Neither did they utilize it from Sepp1Δ240–361, the isoform of Sepp1 that lacks the selenium-rich C-terminal domain. To identify Sepp1 receptors, a solubilized membrane fraction was passed over a Sepp1 column. The receptors apoER2 and Lrp1 were identified in the eluate by mass spectrometry. siRNA experiments showed that knockdown of apoER2, but not of Lrp1, inhibited 75Se uptake from 75Se-labeled Sepp1. The addition of protamine to the medium or treatment of the cells with chlorate also inhibited 75Se uptake. Blockage of lysosome acidification did not inhibit uptake of Sepp1 but did prevent its digestion and thereby utilization of its selenium. These results indicate that L8 cells take up Sepp1 by an apoER2-mediated mechanism requiring binding to heparin sulfate proteoglycans. The presence of at least part of the selenium-rich C-terminal domain of Sepp1 is required for uptake. RT-PCR showed that mouse tissues express apoER2 in varying amounts. It is postulated that apoER2-mediated uptake of long isoform Sepp1 is responsible for selenium distribution to tissues throughout the body.
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF MORNINGNESS AND EVENINGNESS

We studied the influence of genetic factors on individual differences in morningness-eveningness in a sample of Dutch twin families. Data were collected from adolescent twins (mean age 17.8 yr) and their parents (mean age of fathers 48.0 yr and of mothers 46.0 yr) and a sample of older twins (mean age 46.5 yr). Scores on morningness-eveningness were rated on a 5-point scale. Parents were more morning oriented than their children, and women were more morning oriented than men. With a twin-family study, separation of genetic and environmental influences on variation in morningness-eveningness is possible. Including parents and older twins in the study makes it possible to explore generation differences in these effects. The correlation between monozygotic twins was more than twice the correlation between dizygotic twins. This indicates that genetic effects may not operate in an additive manner. Therefore, a model that included genetic dominance was explored. Biometrical model fitting showed no sex differences for the magnitude of genetic and environmental factors. The total heritability—the sum of additive and nonadditive genetic influences—for morningness-eveningness was 44% for the younger generation and 47% for the older generation. However, the genetic correlation between the generations turned out to be lower than 0.5, suggesting that different genes for morningness-eveningness are expressed in both generations. (Chronobiology International, 18(5), 809–822, 2001)
Culture-specific notions in L2 communication strategies

Communication strategies (CS) used by L2 speakers have been investigated using various tasks, and it has been demonstrated that there exist task effects that cause differences in CS choice. Previously missing in CS research has been the use of culture-specific notions as referents. This study aimed at exploring CS use for culture-specific notions in L2 by answering two questions: “What kinds of CS will Thai ESL speakers employ to convey these referential concepts in English? ” and “ Will there be any patterns that can be observed as different from CS used in other kinds of tasks? ” The participants, 30 Thai native speakers with intermediate English proficiency, were asked to perform two tasks that contain culture-specific notions. The analysis focuses on 14 concepts that were expected to be problematic. The results showed that circumlocution and approximation were the most preferred strategies. Patterns of approximation, all-purpose words, and L1 words followed by circumlocution were also seen and found to be similar to the hierarchy of CS found elsewhere in the referential CS research. Finally, the study suggests that the familiarity of the L2 speaker with a concept does not always help them in dealing with communicative problems; rather it is their knowledge of how to talk about it in the L2 that matters more.
AUXIN PHYSIOLOGY IN BEAN LEAF STALKS1

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In-Plane Anisotropy of the Penetration Depth in YBa2Cu3O7-x and YBa2Cu4O8 Superconductors.

It is generally agreed that the most important element of the copper-oxide high-temperature superconductors is the two-dimensional copper-oxygen plane. These materials contain several other structural elements in their complex unit cells. The one-dimensional copper-oxygen chains in YBa2Cu3O72x (123) or the double chains in YBa2Cu4O8 (124) are examples of such elements. These chains are believed to be carrier reservoirs, providing holes to the CuO2 planes. In this sense their function is analogous to that of the Bi-O layers or Tl-O layers in other high-Tc compounds. The possibility that these elements can contribute to the superconducting behavior of the cuprates, if established experimentally, may be of fundamental importance for the understanding of the electronic structure of the cuprates. Because the chains have a well defined direction in the crystal, their influence can be investigated by a study of the anisotropy of the in-plane transport properties, such as the conductivity and the superconducting penetration depth. In this Letter we report measurements of the a-b plane anisotropy of the London penetration depth in high quality, untwinned single crystals of 123 and 124. We used infrared spectroscopy to obtain two of the diagonal components of the lL tensor (la and lb) from the reflectance measured with polarization along the corresponding principal axes of the crystal (Ra and Rb). Methods commonly used to probe the superfluid, such as muon spin resonance (mSR), dc magnetization, or microwave techniques, yield values of lL which average at least two of the components of the penetration depth tensor. In contrast, infrared spectroscopy can be used to obtain the absolute values of each of the diagonal components of lL, la, lb, lc, by measurement of the reflectances Ra, Rb, Rc with polarization along the a, b, and c axes. We find that the superconducting penetration depth in untwinned single crystals of 123 and 124 is smaller in the chain direction than it is normal to the chains; therefore, a large portion of the spectral weight that can be attributed to the chains in the normal state condenses below Tc. These results indicate that superconductivity, at least in the 123 and 124 compounds, is not confined to the planes but extends to the chains as well. The superconducting penetration depth can be found from the reflectance in two ways. Kramers-Kronig (KK) analysis of Rsv) allows one to obtain the real and imaginary parts of the complex conductivity, ssvd › s1svd 1 is2svd. The imaginary part of the conductivity, s2svd, is directly related to lL: c 2 yl 2 › v 2 ps › 4pvs2svd,
Description of injuries and associated factors of Colombians athletes with physical and sensory - visual disabilities

Purpose: Describe injuries and factors that affect athletes with physical, and sensory-visual disabilities of the Bogota team. Methods: 165 data from medical records of athletes with disabilities of Paralympic movement members of Bogota team in the period between 2013 - 2015 (men 81%, women 18%, age 32.3±12.04) were chosen for this study. Results: The prevalence of injuries found in the Bogota selection was 60% with a proportional incidence of 2.09 injuries / athlete. The most common lesion location was the upper extremities (46%). The most injured anatomical structure was muscle (31%). Athletics are the sport with higher prevalence of injuries. Of the 345 injuries, 90% were presented in the training of the athletes, with the gradual onset of the lesion being greater (56.5%). Main cause of the injuries are due to overuse mechanism (68.4%). Conclusions: Investigations like these, are the basis for very specific prevention programs for Paralympic athletes.