Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On non-forking spectra

Non-forking is one of the most important notions in modern model theory capturing the idea of a generic extension of a type (which is a far-reaching generalization of the concept of a generic point of a variety). To a countable first-order theory we associate its non-forking spectrum - a function of two cardinals kappa and lambda giving the supremum of the possible number of types over a model of size lambda that do not fork over a sub-model of size kappa. This is a natural generalization of the stability function of a theory. We make progress towards classifying the non-forking spectra. On the one hand, we show that the possible values a non-forking spectrum may take are quite limited. On the other hand, we develop a general technique for constructing theories with a prescribed non-forking spectrum, thus giving a number of examples. In particular, we answer negatively a question of Adler whether NIP is equivalent to bounded non-forking. In addition, we answer a question of Keisler regarding the number of cuts a linear order may have. Namely, we show that it is possible that ded(kappa) < ded(kappa)^omega.
Requirements of Using the Blended Educational System from the Viewpoints of the Faculty Members

Background: Implication of blended learning could compensate both the limitations of time and geographic distance presented in traditional classroom methods and deficiencies of class interaction and learners support that are peculiar to e-learning methods. To this aim, the present study was designed to examine and analyze the requirements for blended learning implications in higher education from faculty members’ point of view. Methods: The study was conducted during spring of 2016 at the Semnan province Payam Noor branches. Participants in this study were 70 academic members of Semnan Payam Noor University, who were randomly selected by the Krejcie and Morgan formula from 85 faculty members. The data collection instrument was a newly developed questionnaire, the validity of which was determined by seeking views of 15 specialists in e-learning using the Delphi method. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated through calculating internal consistency of items (α = 0.95). To analyze factors underlying specified requirements by the questionnaire, a factor analysis was conducted by the SPSS V.18 software. Results: Factor analysis of academic members’ views resulted in 5 factors constituting “infrastructure, political, professional, organizational, and instructional” requirements. From academic members’ point of view, infrastructure requirements with nine loaded items were the most preliminary considerations for blended learning implication and accounted for 49.24% of the total variance. The second factor, political requirements, with six loaded items accounted for 7.75% of total variance. The third factor, professional requirements, with five loaded items, accounted for 6.29 of the total variance. The fourth factor, organizational requirements, with three loaded items and the fifth factor, instructional requirements, with two loaded items accounted for 4.61% and 4.34% of the total variance, respectively. Conclusions: The findings showed that successful implementation of blended learning would result from considerations, such as “allocation of sufficient funds” and “provision of necessary software/hardware facilities” for blended learning in policies of universities and higher education institutions.
Approximating satisfiability transition by suppressing fluctuations

Using methods and ideas from statistical mechanics, we propose a simple method for obtaining rigorous upper bounds for satisfiability transition in random boolean expressions composed of N variables and M clauses with K variables per clause. Determining the location of satisfiability threshold $\alpha_c=M/N$ for a number of difficult combinatorial problems is a major open problem in the theory of random graphs. The method is based on identification of the core -- a subexpression (subgraph) that has the same satisfiability properties as the original expression. We formulate self-consistency equations that determine macroscopic parameters of the core and compute an improved annealing bound. We illustrate the method for three sample problems: K-XOR-SAT, K-SAT and positive 1-in-K-SAT.
Fault Feature Extraction of Wheel-bearing Based on Multi-objective Cross Entropy Optimization

It is crucial to take impulsiveness and cyclostationarity into account simultaneously in the fault features extraction of wheel-bearing, especially with the occurrence of complex interferences from wheel-rail contact relation. However, these two aspects can hardly be synthesized and balanced by one index. Therefore, a novel multi-objective optimized anti-symmetric real Laplace wavelet filtering method is proposed to deal with this problem. The first fitness function is designed by maximizing the kurtosis value of squared envelope, which is representing the impulsiveness. And, the second fitness function is designed by maximizing the kurtosis value of squared envelope spectrum, which is representing the cyclostationarity. Through combining the non-dominated sorting and crowded comparison, the parameters of the wavelet filter are optimized by the improved cross entropy algorithm, which is immune to impulsive or cyclostationary noises. One vibration signal from a faulty wheel-bearing is investigated to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and some comparisons with the single-objective method are also conducted to show its superiority in extracting the repetitive transients.
Impact of Glass on Concrete Properties as Substitution of Aggregate

The improvement of mixture quality has been the priority of the modern-day construction industry while reducing the financial implications of the final product. This investigation concentrated on the application of glass as fine aggregate in the production of concrete. The fine aggregates used were partially substituted with fine glass. The replacement was done at (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%) by weight of fine aggregates, with other materials constant. A concrete mixture was prepared and the slump flow test and density were examined. The concrete specimens were produced, cured, and compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile intensity tested at 7, 14, and 28 durations. The workability and density of concrete reduce as the percentage replacement increases and the maximum reduction are (25 and 6.5%) respectively for (50%) glass aggregate replacement. The highest development in concrete compressive strength, flexural and splitting tensile intensity is (16.4, 14.7, and 15.1%) for 28 days of the glass aggregate percentage (20%) and the highest decrease is (3.4, 3.1, and 3.6%) for the percentage (50%).
Multiple Multiphase Combined Star–Polygon Winding Analysis

In order to improve the efficiency and to reduce the field amplitudes of spatial harmonics influencing noise and vibration of electrical machines, three- and five-phase combined star–polygon windings have been suggested in the literature. Besides, the efficiency of an electrical machine is dependent on the fundamental winding factor and the noise/vibration level is related to the winding factors of some higher/lower harmonics. However, there is no systematic method to calculate the winding factor of each spatial harmonic for a multiple topology. This paper deals with proposing different topologies of multiple series multiphase combined star–polygon windings and accordingly with the calculation methods of winding factors for all spatial harmonics and the harmonic leakage factor. The results of winding function approach and symmetrical components of electromotive forces (EMFs) are perfectly in compliance with each other, provided that the fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis is sufficiently accurate. The results obtained from measurements on an unskewed electrically excited synchronous machine are applied for validating the results given by the sum of EMFs and the proposed calculation formula. The sum of EMFs, considering just one set of a multiple topology, can give the same results as the proposed winding analysis methods for the fundamental or the slot harmonic winding factors.
Wideband and dual‐polarized Twin Hilbert curve antennas for capsule endoscopy

In this study, we design a pair of third‐order conformal Hilbert curve antennas for use in capsule endoscopy at three different bands (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical [ISM]), especially at 433 MHz, 915 MHz, and 2.45 GHz. The antennas are placed orthogonally with respect to each other, offering dual linear polarization characteristics, which have been highlighted in literature as the most robust communication link between a roaming transmitting capsule within the GI tract and the receiver antenna. The robustness of the link depends on (i) invariance of linear polarization with the position and orientation of the roaming transmitter, as well as (ii) tolerance of linearly polarized fields to depolarization effects when penetrated through the body. The antennas were manufactured on polyimide substrate, which was wrapped around a 3D‐printed capsule volume. Both antennas were measured inside bovine muscle tissue and the obtained results have been compared with the simulated results to validate the performance of the propose solution. The presented results showed that, the return loss characteristics and the measured bandwidth, for both antennas inside bovine muscle tissue, have matched with the simulated results. To the best of our knowledge, these demonstrated antennas are the first designed capsule antennas to address three ISM bands with dual linear polarization. The designed antennas can be adapted for clinical use with further development.
Online Tutoring System (MoFaCTS) for Anatomy and Physiology: Implementation and Initial Impressions

The Mobile Fact and Concept Textbook System (MoFaCTS) is an individualized online tutoring system designed to increase information comprehension and retention. It is being implemented in community college anatomy and physiology (A&P) courses for further system development. A&P was selected because it is a very challenging and highly in demand course. MoFaCTS was used to create Cloze (fill-in-the-blank) questions from the course text which students use to practice the course material. The system provides correction and feedback to the student, repeating questions to improve recall. The system also produces detailed progress reports for both faculty and students. A survey given to students showed a moderately positive impression of the systems, with A&P II students responding more positively on some survey items. https://doi.org/10.21692/haps.2022. 012
Teacher Agency in the Modification of Japanese Lesson Study in the United States

This paper investigates how Japanese lesson study has been modified in the context of the U.S., and how this modification has affected teacher agency based on the framework of the ecological approach proposed by Priestley et al. (2016). There are two major findings. First, Japanese lesson study has been adapted and modified in the U.S. as an effective form of professional develop ment which tends to focus on a single subject, primarily mathematics. Math-fo-cused lesson study has significantly contributed to the development of U.S. les son study and promoted agency of math teachers, but may have hindered the expansion of lesson study into whole-school professional development, involving all subject teachers. Second, Japanese lesson study is inherently inseparable from the whole-school professional development called kounaikenshu , but, in the U.S., seems to have been adapted as a stand-alone activity. Consequently, the crucial role of long-term goals in lesson study has tended to be overlooked. The study concludes that lesson study disconnected from whole-school professional development may limit achievement of teacher agency, and in turn, professional identity.
Can Mixed-Ownership Reform of State-Owned Enterprises Restrain Excessive Perquisite Consumption by Executives?

ABSTRACT This article uses China’s listed SOEs from 2013–2020 as samples and conducts empirical analysis on the relationship between the mixed-ownership Mixed ownership reform and excessive perquisite consumption by executives. Findings of this study show that SOE mixed-ownership reforms can significantly restrains excessive perquisite consumption by executives. Nevertheless, simply changing the diversity of share ownership does not significantly affect excessive perquisite consumption. Testing mediation found that improving internal control quality is one channel for restraining excessive perquisite consumption by executives. According to the heterogeneity test, it is found that in the local SOEs group and the group of executives with less power, the mixed-ownership Mixed ownership reform has a more significant restraining effect on excessive perquisite consumption by executives. This study supplements the literature on the economic implications of mixed-ownership Mixed ownership reform, and it also provides a definite policy reference for Mixed ownership reform.
A near-IR imager for the Gemini InfraRed Multi-Object Spectrograph (GIRMOS)

The GIRMOS instrument is a multi-object spectrograph with four channels combined with an infrared imager housed within a common cryostat. This instrument will be fed by ground-layer adaptive optics (GLAO) or laser tomography AO (LTAO) corrected light from the Gemini North Adaptive Optics (GNAO) system. The combined instrument will provide unique scientific capabilities such as simultaneous imaging/spectroscopy modes (for precision spectrophotometry) and interleaved imaging-spectroscopy-imaging modes (for characterizing time-variable sources). The National Research Council Canada has recently completed the Preliminary Design of the Imager opto-mechanics. In this paper, we present the driving requirements, as derived from the science cases, and the optical and mechanical designs. The optical design maps a large fraction of the GIRMOS field-of-view onto a single engineering-grade 4Kx4K HAWAII 4RG detector with 21 mas pixels, provided by the Gemini Observatory. The imager produces diffraction-limited image quality across Y, J, H, and Ks-bands across an 85x85” field for an f/32 beam. It includes a location for a full filter complement, an accessible pupil for a cold stop to minimize thermal background, and a pupil imaging mode to align the cold stop to the telescope pupil. The lenses are mounted in cells with rolled flexures or athermalized centering pins and are preloaded to withstand 5g accelerations and provide thermal stability. The filters are housed in a double wheel assembly with cryogenic bearings and roller detents. All of the imager components are connected with a substructure that interfaces with the spectrograph optical bench. This substructure allows for easier testing and integration of the imager, independent from the spectrographs.
A Turing model of pattern formation in atmospheric pressure gas discharges

In this letter we propose a Turing model of the formation of patterns of visible light emission intensity in atmospheric pressure gas discharges. The electron density and the electron temperature take the roles of activator and inhibitor respectively in a two-reactant Turing model, with the activator diusion coecient being much smaller than that of the inhibitor, and ionization and excitation from excited state atoms considered as the dominant reaction processes. The model predicts striations in a 1D system, which quantitatively agree with experimental results in terms of the spatial variation scale lengths. Additionally, the model also predicts changes in the discharge structure observed experimentally when input power and gas pressure are varied. Plasmas, especially those at atmospheric pressure, often exhibit non-uniform and/or non-stationary emission intensity of visible light. These phenomena, called patterns, are common in non-equilibrium systems [1{ 3]. Patterns including striations, constrictions, zigzags, hexagons, clusters, etc. have been observed in gas discharges since the 1830s [4{10]. Models based on skin effects [5, 6], non-uniform gas heating [11, 12] and electronelectron collisions [13] were proposed to explain these phenomena, but all these interpretations could not explain some of the important characteristics of the patterns such as the discharge instabilities and the spatial periodicity. Simulations based on the kinetic theory successfully reproduced striations [4] and constrictions [14], but the basic mechanism of the pattern formation is not revealed due to the many complicated processes included in the simulations.
HRLB⌃2: A Reinforcement Learning Based Framework for Believable Bots

The creation of believable behaviors for Non-Player Characters (NPCs) is key to improve the players’ experience while playing a game. To achieve this objective, we need to design NPCs that appear to be controlled by a human player. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical reinforcement learning framework for believable bots (HRLB⌃2). This novel approach has been designed so it can overcome two main challenges currently faced in the creation of human-like NPCs. The first difficulty is exploring domains with high-dimensional state–action spaces, while satisfying constraints imposed by traits that characterize human-like behavior. The second problem is generating behavior diversity, by also adapting to the opponent’s playing style. We evaluated the effectiveness of our framework in the domain of the 2D fighting game named Street Fighter IV. The results of our tests demonstrate that our bot behaves in a human-like manner.
Co-expression network analysis of genes and networks associated with wheat pistillody

Crop male sterility has great value in theoretical research and breeding application. HTS-1, whose stamens transformed into pistils or pistil-like structures, is an important male sterility material selecting from Chinese Spring three-pistil (CSTP) wheat. However the molecular mechanism of pistillody development in HTS-1 remains a mystery. RNA-seq data of 11 wheat tissues were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), including the stamens of CSTP and the pistils and pistillodic stamen of HTS-1. The Salmon program was utilized to quantify the gene expression levels of the 11 wheat tissues; and gene quantification results were normalized by transcripts per million (TPM). In total, 58,576 genes were used to construct block-wise network by co-expression networks analysis (WGCNA) R package. We obtained all of modules significantly associated with the 11 wheat tissues. AgriGO V2.0 was used to do Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis; and genes and transcription factors (TFs) in these significant modules about wheat pistillody development were identified from GO enrichment results. Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) was used to align HTS-1 proteins with the published pistillody-related proteins and TFs. Genes about wheat pistillody development were analyzed and validated by qRT-PCR. The MEturquoise, MEsaddlebrown, MEplum, MEcoral1, MElightsteelblue1, and MEdarkslateblue modules were significantly corelated to pistillodic stamen (correlation p < 0.05). Moreover, 206 genes related to carpel development (GO:0048440) or gynoecium development (GO:0048467) were identified only in the MEturquoise module by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, and 42 of 206 genes were hub genes in MEturquoise module. qRT-PCR results showed that 38 of the 42 hub genes had highly expressed in pistils and pistillodic stamens than in stamens. A total of 15 pistillody development-related proteins were validated by BLAST. Transcription factors (TFs) were also analyzed in the MEturquoise module, and 618 TFs were identified. In total, 56 TFs from 11 families were considered to regulate the development of pistillodic stamen. The co-expression network showed that six of HB and three of BES1 genes were identified in 42 hub genes. This indicated that TFs played important roles in wheat pistillody development. In addition, there were 11 of ethylene-related genes connected with TFs or hub genes, suggesting the important roles of ethylene-related genes in pistillody development. These results provide important insights into the molecular interactions underlying pistillody development.
Fault Current Limiter Placement Using Multi-Objective Firework Algorithm

Abstract This paper presents a method for determining the optimum number, impedance, and locations of fault current limiter (FCL) to reduce the negative impact of distributed generations presence in the power systems such as increasing the short circuit current levels and improve the system reliability. In the considered method, we have modeled the FCL placement as an optimization problem while the objectives are; bus fault current difference, reliability, the number and impedance of FCLs. Moreover, to solve the proposed problem, a new multi-objective optimization algorithm based on firework algorithm namely multi-objective firework algorithm has been implemented. In the new algorithm, several iterations have been considered, and the non-dominated solutions are extracted and stored in an external repository in the iterations. Finally, a fuzzy clustering technique is used to control the size of the repository during the algorithm evolution. The proposed approach is tested on two different systems, namely, Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS) 2 and RBTS 4 test system. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the new method.
Small Airway Dysfunction in Chronic Bronchitis with Preserved Pulmonary Function

Impairment of pulmonary function was evaluated in chronic bronchitis patients with preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm). We retrospectively collected clinical data from 157 chronic bronchitis (CB) and 186 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients between October 2014 and September 2017. These patients were assigned to three groups: control (normal pulmonary function), PRISm (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]/forced vital capacity [FVC] ≥ 0.7, FEV1 < 80% of predicted value), and COPD (FEV1/FVC <0.7) groups. Because small airway function was the main focus, in the COPD group, only patients in accordance with the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grades 1 and 2 were included. Evaluation of pulmonary function (including impulse oscillometry) was performed and compared among these groups. Compared with the control group, the PRISm and COPD groups showed statistically significant differences in the predicted FEV1% (p < 0.001), maximal expiratory flow (MEF) 25% (p < 0.001), MEF50% (p < 0.001), maximal midexpiratory flow (MMEF) 25–75% (p < 0.001), residual volume (RV)/total lung capacity (TLC; p < 0.001), FVC% (p < 0.001), total respiratory resistance and proximal respiratory resistance (R5-R20; p < 0.001), respiratory system reactance at 5 Hz (X5; p < 0.001), resonant frequency (Fres; p < 0.001), and area of reactance (Ax; p < 0.001). However, the predicted FEV1% and RV/TLC were similar between the PRISm and COPD groups (p=0.992 and 0.122, respectively). PRISm is a nonspecific pattern of pulmonary function that indicates small airway dysfunction and may increase the risk of transformation to obstructive ventilation dysfunction. This trial is registered with ChiCTR-OCH-14004904.