Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An essential property of the Fourier transforms of distribution functions

Fourier transforms of distribution functions are an important tool in the theory of probability because they have certain properties. These properties are expressed in the uniqueness theorem, the convolution theorem, and the continuity theorem (cf. [1, pp. 93, 96, 188]). This note deals with the question of whether there are any other integral transforms of distribution functions which have these properties. We consider an integral transform
Microtraps for atoms outside a fiber illuminated perpendicular to its axis: Numerical results

We show theoretically that a vacuum-clad silica-core fiber can focus a perpendicularly incident light onto one or several lines parallel to the fiber axis. We demonstrate numerically that such a focusing action of the fiber can be used to trap and to guide atoms along the fiber with a red- or a blue-detuned incident light.
Gender and educational stage moderate the effects of developmental assets on risk behaviours in youth

ABSTRACT Developmental assets describe sources of individuals’ experiences and supports that impact their developmental outcomes. Internal assets comprise youth skills, competencies, and self-perception, while external assets include support in youth contexts, empowerment, expectations and boundaries, as well as use of free time. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between developmental assets and risk behaviours, and if gender and educational stage have moderating roles in these relationships. The types of risk behaviours ranged from expressions of aggression to consumption of addictive substances. Upper secondary school and university students from Croatia (N = 728) reported internal and external developmental assets, and risk behaviours. Our results suggest that developmental assets have similar roles in protecting all students from risk behaviours, apart from expectations and boundaries, which seem to be more protective for boys. Furthermore, the results suggest that developmental assets have a stronger effect on upper secondary school students’ risk behaviours.
Numerical simulations of freely evolving turbulence in stably stratified fluids

Results of direct numerical simulations of stably stratified, freely evolving, homogeneous turbulence are presented. An examination of initial data designed to give insight into laboratory flows suggests that the numerical simulations have a satisfactory degree of realism, insofar as statistical parameters such as total energy and length scales are concerned. The motion is decomposed into a stratified turbulence (vortical) component and a wave component. For initial-value problems similar to laboratory studies of stratified flows, the vortical component decays at a rate virtually identical to that of the non-buoyant case up to t = 6N−1 (N is the Brunt-Väisälä frequency). The decay rate decreases after this time, suggesting a kind of turbulence ‘collapse’. The temperature structure that emerges clearly shows the development of the collapse stage of the flow, which is also diagnosed by the behaviour of parameters such as the Thorpe scale. We next examine the very small-Froude-number regime in order to understand possible universal aspects of the flow. An examination of various initial conditions with different proportions of stratified and wave components indicates a lack of universality. For initial data containing only vortical motion (motions derived from the vertical vorticity field), the vortical field tends to dominate, in subsequent evolution, at strong stratification. However, contrary to two-dimensional turbulence, the flow is more strongly dissipative than two-dimensional flows due to the frictional effect associated with layering. Other quantities examined are frequency spectra, and the probability distribution for vertical shear. The frequency spectra exhibit some features in common with spectra extracted from oceanographic data.
The effect of different treatments on abaca fibers used in cementitious composites

ABSTRACT The use of natural fibers including abaca has increased because of its advantages such as lightweight, low price, life-cycle superiority, and substitute for synthetic fibers. This paper gives an insight into the effect of three different treatments on abaca fibers: hornification, NaOH 3% concentration solution, and a coating of silica fume with natural latex into cementitious composites; fibers have been characterized before and after through SEM, XRD, FT-IR, TGA, and tensile tests to analyze structural and chemical changes. Cementitious composites through setting time and flexural strength (7, 14, 28 days) were analyzed for determining the optimum treatment and, afterward, the best dosage and length. It was found that HS treatment with 30 mm and 0.2% dosage showed 8.2 MPa in terms of flexural strength.
Investigation of hardness in tetrahedrally bonded nonmolecular CO2 solids by density-functional theory

Stability and compressibility of several nonmolecular ~polymeric! CO2 solids in structures analogous to those of SiO2 have been investigated with ab initio density-functional theory. Contrary to the recent experimental reports of a ‘‘superhard’’ high-pressure tridymite form of CO 2, we find that metastable tetrahedrally bonded CO2 polymorphs, such as tridymite, cristobalite, and quartz, are relatively compressible, with bulk moduli K of only 1/2 to 1/3 of the reported experimental value. In addition, theory finds that the experimentally reported lattice parameters are not stable for CO 2 P2 12 12 1 tridymite. Finally, none of the calculated x-ray spectra of the fully relaxed structures of CO 2 polymorphs obtained from theory agrees with the experiments. The significant discrepancy between experiments and density-functional theory suggests that further studies on nonmolecular CO2 solids are necessary, and that the assumptions that density-functional theory can describe these materials correctly, or that the framework of the new nonmolecular CO2 solids contains only CO4 tetrahedra, must be re-examined.
A plasma density model for Saturn based on Voyager observations

The density, temperature, and velocity of plasma in the inner magnetosphere (L<12) of Saturn are well determined from observations by the Voyager plasma science experiment. We combine the ion and electron data sets from both Voyager flybys to produce an overview of the Saturnian plasma environment. A small spacecraft potential of −10 to −20 V is found to be a plausible mechanism for reconciling differences between the observed ion and electron densities. Electron and ion measurements from the Voyager 1 and 2 encounters are combined to produce a map of density contours inside L = 12. This contour map incorporates all the available Voyager thermal plasma data in this region under the assumption that the inner magnetosphere was stable during the nine months between encounters. In the model, heavy ions are confined to a narrow region near the equator because of their large temperature anisotropy and their low thermal velocity parallel to the magnetic field. The protons are spread much more widely in latitude. The model does not satisfactorily reproduce the densities of the suprathermal electrons observed inside L =7 , but these constitute only a few percent of the total electron density. The oxygen flux tube content decreases rapidly inside L = 5, indicating that losses occur in this region. The lifetime of neutral atoms in the inner magnetosphere is a strong function of latitude, with lifetimes varying from weeks to years.
Lyapunov Analysis of Spatiotemporal Intermittency

Lyapunov exponents and vectors are investigated for a chain of locally coupled maps known to exhibit a continuous transition to spatio-temporal intermittency regimes. The accompanying critical behaviour (e.g., the divergence of the coherence scales) is not reflected in the behaviour of the largest Lyapunov exponent, which remains constant, but rather in extensive quantities such as the density of exponents close to zero, which is conjectured to diverge at threshold in the infinite-size limit. These results, which differ from those obtained on systems showing more spatially distributed disorder, stress the essential feature of spatiotemporal intermittency, the localized character of the chaotic activity in the system.
Prenatal marijuana exposure and visual perception in toddlers: Evidence of a sensory processing deficit

Background Research has identified a link between prenatal marijuana exposure and multiple outcomes in children, including cognitive development. Several studies have found specific differences in sensory processing and attention, with visual perception especially impacted in school age children. The current study explored whether this effect is evident at an earlier age, and thus our goal was to investigate the relationship between in-utero marijuana exposure and sensory processing capabilities in toddlers. We hypothesized that in-utero marijuana exposure throughout pregnancy would specifically predict visual sensory hyperactivity in children as young as 15 months of age. Methods Participants were 225 15-month-old children whose mothers were recruited during pregnancy. Substance exposure was prospectively collected and biochemically verified, with marijuana coded as no exposure, 1st trimester exposure only, or exposure throughout pregnancy. The Infant Toddler Sensory Profile evaluated 5 domains of sensory processing (visual, auditory, tactile, vestibular, oral). Results Prenatal marijuana exposure throughout pregnancy, but not when limited to the first trimester, predicted a two-fold increased likelihood of scoring in a range indicating high levels of seeking out and potentially over-attending to visual stimulation after controlling for potentially confounding factors including other prenatal exposures. Marijuana exposure was not significantly related to other processing domains. Conclusion Results indicate that links previously identified between prenatal marijuana exposure and visual function and attention may already be evident at 15 months of age, and also suggest an impact related to continuous/later pregnancy exposure. Our findings, as well as those from previous studies, all suggest visual processing differences for exposed children, differences that may predict emerging issues with visual attention and habituation. As legalization of marijuana continues to increase, further research is clearly needed to examine specific teratologic effects associated with use during pregnancy.
Regularisation techniques for dynamic model updating using input residual

The updating process to correct finite element models using experimental data is generally an ill conditioned problem. The method here presented is based on the use of the input residual, that presents some important advantages over other proposed techniques. The actions required to limit the solution instability due to ill conditioning are discussed. The importance of using regularisation techniques to minimise the influence of experimental errors is demonstrated. Several procedures are analysed through simulated and experimental tests, finally showing that the most reliable results are obtained using a priori information and the singular values truncation technique based on the minimisation of the output residual.
Effect of Filtering on Pulse Wave Transit Time Measured by Photoplethysmography

The waveform of a photoplethysmography <tex>$(PPG)$</tex> signal depends on the measurement site and individual physiological conditions. Pulse transition time <tex>$(PTT)$</tex> is an important physiological parameter for blood pressure estimation. <tex>$PTT$</tex> can be derived from electrocardiogram <tex>$(ECG)$</tex> and <tex>$PPG$</tex> waveform features. Filtering can change <tex>$PPG$</tex> signal waveform and the timing of <tex>$PPG$</tex> feature points. We aim to quantitatively investigate the filtering-induced <tex>$PTT$</tex> changes at different measure sites in healthy subjects of different ages. The <tex>$ECG$</tex>, and fingertip and earlobe <tex>$PPG$</tex> signals were recorded simultaneously from 58 young <tex>$(age < =50)$</tex> and 40 old <tex>$(age > 50)$</tex> healthy adults. The <tex>$PPG$</tex> signals were preprocessed and then filtered (low-pass, pass and stop bands: <tex>$< 3 \ Hz \ and > 5 \ Hz$</tex> . The <tex>$PTT$</tex> difference between the preprocessed and filtered <tex>$PPG$</tex> signals was calculated and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired tests. The results show significant effect of age and measurement site on filtering-induced <tex>$PTT$</tex> difference and its relative difference <tex>$p < 0.05$</tex> for all). We conclude that the physiological factor including measurement site and age should be considered in PTT-based blood pressure estimation methods.
Health-Promoting Ingredients in Goat’s Milk and Fermented Goat’s Milk Drinks

Simple Summary Goat’s milk has beneficial effects on health condition maintenance, physiological function, and nutrition of both children and elderly people, and according to some authors, can be consumed without inducing adverse symptoms by people suffering from cow milk allergy. The content of bioactive ingredients (fatty acids, vitamins, micro, and macroelements) in goat’s milk and its products varies greatly and depends on many factors, for example, breed, animal husbandry conditions, lactation phase, and feeding. The nutritional importance of goat’s milk increases in response to the growing interest of consumers. In Poland, the commercial offer of goat’s milk products increases constantly. Local breeders and sellers appear on the market, offering their products, often of organic origin. Despite the growing popularity of goat products, the knowledge of their composition, including their health-promoting ingredients, is still incomplete. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the contents of selected compounds, such as fatty acids, with particular emphasis on the content of cis9trans11 C18:2 (CLA) acid, minerals, and folates, in organic and commercial goat’s milk and fermented goat’s milk drinks available on the Polish market. Abstract The present study aimed to determine the content of health-promoting compounds, and fatty acids, with particular emphasis on the content of cis9trans11 C18:2 (CLA) acid, selected minerals, folates in organic and commercial goat’s milk and fermented goat’s milk drinks. The analyzed milk and yoghurts had various contents of particular groups of fatty acids, CLA, minerals, and folates. Raw organic goat’s milk had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher content of CLA (3.26 mg/g fat) compared to commercial milk (2.88 mg/g fat and 2.54 mg/g fat). Among the analyzed fermented goat’s milk drinks, the highest CLA content (4.39 mg/g fat) was determined in commercial natural yoghurts, while the lowest one was in organic natural yoghurts (3.28 mg/g fat). The highest levels of calcium (1322.9–2324.4 µg/g), phosphorus (8148.1–11,309.9 µg/g), and copper (0.072–0.104 µg/g) were found in all commercial products and those of manganese (0.067–0.209 µg/g) in organic products. The contents of the other assayed elements (magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, and zinc) did not depend on the production method, but only on the product type, i.e., the degree of goat’s milk processing. The highest folate content in the analyzed milks was found in the organic sample (3.16 µg/100 g). Organic Greek yoghurts had a several times higher content of folates, reaching 9.18 µg/100 g, compared to the other analyzed fermented products.
Validation and verification of a quasi two-dimensional turbulence model and an eddy detection method for liquid metal magnetohydrodynamics flows

The flow of liquid metals in straight rectangular channels with an externally applied transverse magnetic field is considered for breeding blankets in tokamak fusion reactors. Under the tokamak magnetic field, the liquid metal experiences the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect that enhances the laminarization of the flow. In geometric singularities, or under certain flow conditions, the combination of Lorentz forces, momentum, and buoyant forces may trigger the formation of vortical structures. The generated vortices will align with the direction of the magnetic field, and therefore the use of a quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D) model is convenient to study them assuming that the walls are electrically insulating and the Hartmann number Ha=BLσ/μ is high enough. Using this model is computationally affordable, allowing extensive parametric analyses. To identify the presence of eddies in the two-dimensional domain, the application of the bi-dimensional fast Fourier transform (FFT2) is foreseen as an adequate detection method. This work presents a methodology to systematically calculate liquid metal MHD flows with a Q2D model and evaluate the formation of eddies in the flow domain. The work includes a description of the validation and verification of the Q2D MHD model and of the FFT2 method proposed to automatically identify eddies. The sensitivity of the detection method is analyzed to subsequently apply it in parametric analyses.
Microblogging Perceptive and Pricing Liquidity: Exploring Asymmetric Information as a Risk Determinant of Liquidity in the Pandemic Environments

Liquidity can be a real phenomenon for execution of the financial holding. Its risk falls in debate to impose a conditional cost on the counterparty. The time-varying liquidity is often linked to the expected fundamental value of an investment. In this work, the microblogging-based informed transaction is examined as a determinant of the liquidity-facilitating cost. Most importantly, this study investigates the economic blockade era and post-pandemic uncertainty. The sentiment indicators were found to be determinants of liquidity. These findings were consistent in the post-pandemic period. However, the investor pessimistic sentiment was a priced risk factor in liquidity during the economic blockade period. Based on the Bayesian theorem, a relativeness was reported between sentiment indicators and the liquidity-facilitating cost. The same findings were depicted in environments of the pandemic era. Nevertheless, the posterior probability indicated an occurrence of the liquidity-associated cost in response to the pessimistic sentiments during the economic blockade period. This quantification may have potential implications in terms of exploring liquidity from the microblogging perceptive.
Electron and hole traps in SiO/sub 2/ films thermally grown on Si substrates in ultra-dry oxygen

The densities of electron and hole traps in SiO/sub 2/ films, thermally grown on Si substrates in ultra-dry oxygen, were compared with those in SiO/sub 2/ films grown in pyrogenic steam (wet-oxide films). The results show that ultra-dry-oxide films have an undetectable density of electron traps that is less that 10/sup 11//cm/sup 2/, and little interface-states generation during carrier injection. However, hole traps in ultra-dry-oxide films are high, (2.6+or-0.1)*10/sup 12//cm/sup 2/ compared with (1.3+or-0.2)*10/sup 12//cm/sup 2/ in wet-oxide films, and these increase by a factor of two with post-oxidation anneal in ultra-dry Ar. The results of electron spin resonance measurements of E' centers in SiO/sub 2/ films are consistent with the results of electrical measurements. These suggest that there is a tradeoff correlation between the density of electron traps and hole traps, with respect to the amount of water- or hydrogen-related defects in SiO/sub 2/. >
Pre-Test Manipulation by Intraperitoneal Saline Injection with or without Isoflurane Pre-Treatment Does Not Influence the Outcome of Social Test in Male Mice

Preclinical studies on rodents should follow the 3R principle minimising the suffering of the animals. To do so, some researchers use inhalation anaesthetic induction even before intraperitoneal injection. However, several studies suggested that both interventions might influence the behaviour of the animals. We aimed to test whether intraperitoneal injection alone or in combination with isoflurane anaesthesia is a preferable treatment method 30 min before a social test. Male C57BL/6 mice were studied using a behavioural test battery comparing three groups (one control group and intraperitoneal saline-treated groups with or without short isoflurane inhalation). Our results confirmed that both interventions had no profound influence on the conventionally measured parameters of social tests (interest in sociability, social discrimination memory, social interaction as well as resident–intruder test) and were not acutely stressful (measured by similar ACTH levels between the groups) not even after repeated administration (similar body weight gain during the one-week observation period). Taking into consideration the possible long-term harmful effect of isoflurane inhalation, we recommend using intraperitoneal injection without it as saline injection did not violate the 3R principle inducing only mild stress.
Attention-Guided Pyramid Context Network for Polyp Segmentation in Colonoscopy Images

Recently, deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have provided us an effective tool for automated polyp segmentation in colonoscopy images. However, most CNN-based methods do not fully consider the feature interaction among different layers and often cannot provide satisfactory segmentation performance. In this article, a novel attention-guided pyramid context network (APCNet) is proposed for accurate and robust polyp segmentation in colonoscopy images. Specifically, considering that different network layers represent the polyp in different aspects, APCNet first extracts multilayer features in a pyramid structure, and then uses an attention-guided multilayer aggregation strategy to refine the context features of each layer using the complementary information of different layers. To obtain abundant context features, APCNet uses a context extraction module (CEM) that explores the context information of each layer via local information retainment and global information compaction. Through the top-down deep supervision, our APCNet implements a coarse-to-fine polyp segmentation and finally localizes the polyp region precisely. Extensive experiments on two in-domain and four out-of-domain experiments show that APCNet is comparable to 19 state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, it holds a more appropriate tradeoff between effectiveness and computational complexity than these competing methods.
A review on transdermal drug delivery system

In order to produce systemic effects, transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), commonly referred to as "patches," are dosage forms that are intended to spread a therapeutically active amount of medicine across the skin of a patient. Drugs that are applied topically are delivered using transdermal drug delivery devices. These are pharmaceutical preparations of varying sizes, containing one or more active ingredients, intended to be applied to the unbroken skin in order to deliver the active ingredient after passing through the skin barriers, and these avoid first pass metabolism. Today about 74% of drugs are taken orally and are not found effective as desired. To improve efficacy transdermal drug delivery system was emerged. In TDDS the drug easily penetrates into the skin and easily reaches the target site. To get around the problems with medicine delivery via oral route, transdermal drug delivery systems were developed. These systems have been utilized as secure and reliable drug delivery systems since 1981.
Prevention of Ventriculostomy Related Infection: Effectiveness of Impregnated Biomaterial

External ventricular drain(EVD) exposes the patient to infectious complications which are associated with significant morbidity and economic burden. Biomaterials impregnated with various antimicrobial agents have been developed to decrease the rate of bacterial colonization and subsequent infection. While promising, antibiotics and silver-impregnated EVD showed conflicting clinical results. The aim of the present review is to discuss the challenges associated with the development of antimicrobial EVD catheters and their effectiveness from the bench to the bedside.