Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biochemical properties, enterohaemolysin production and plasmid carriage of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains

Thirty-eight strains of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) were characterised in terms of biochemical properties, enterohaemolysin production and plasmid carriage. A wide variation in the biochemical properties was observed among the STEC, with 14 distinct biotypes identified. Biotype 1 was the most common, found in 29% of the strains. Enterohaemolysin production was detected in 29% of the strains. Most of the bacterial strains (95%) carried one or more plasmids and considerable heterogeneity in size and combinations was observed. Seven distinct plasmid profiles were identified. The most common profile, characterised by the presence of a single plasmid of ~90 kb, was found in 50% of these strains. These data indicate extensive diversity among STEC strains. No correlation was found among biotype, serotype, enterohaemolysin production and plasmid profile.
L-APPROXIMATION OF STATIONARY HAMILTON–JACOBI EQUATIONS∗

We describe a nonlinear finite element technique to approximate the solutions of stationary Hamilton–Jacobi equations in two space dimensions using continuous finite elements of arbitrary degree. The method consists of minimizing a functional containing the L1-norm of the Hamiltonian plus a discrete entropy. It is shown that the approximate sequence converges to the unique viscosity solution under appropriate hypotheses on the Hamiltonian and the mesh family.
Crop-Livestock Intensification in the Face of Climate Change: Exploring Opportunities to Reduce Risk and Increase Resilience in Southern Africa Using an Integrated Multi-Modeling Approach

The climate of Southern Africa is highly variable at most time-scales and follows a pronounced gradient with arid conditions in the west and humid conditions in the east. There is also a marked latitudinal rainfall distribution pattern, with the southern part having a low rainfall index and high variability and the northern part having higher annual rainfall and lower interannual variability (Kandji et al., 2006). Over the last 100 years, temperatures have increased by about 0.5◦C in the region and downward trends in rainfall have also occurred (Kandji et al., 2006; Morton, 2007). There has also been an increase in drought eventswith over 15 drought events reported in the region between 1988 and 1992. The frequency and intensity of El Nin˜o episodes have increased. Prior to the 1980s, strong El Nin˜o events occurred every 10–20 years; between 1980 and 2000, the region experienced five episodes with the 1982–1983 and 1997–1998 episodes being the most intense of the century (Reason and Jagadheesha, 2005; Rouault and Richard, 2005). These episodes have contributed to stagnant or decreasing agricultural production and worsening food insecurity in the region (Kandji et al., 2006). Unfavorable climatic conditions and projected climate change are among the major obstacles to achieving food security in the region and also have dire consequences for macro-economic performance.
Growth of Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. in different soils of industrial areas of Karachi.

The growth of Samanea saman was investigated in a green house in different soils of industrial areas (Sindh Industrial Trading Estate) of Karachi. The seedlings of S. saman which were grown in polluted soils of different industrial areas showed variation in many growth variables like root, shoot, seedling length, plant cover, leaf area, root, shoot, leaf dry weight, total plant dry weight, and various ratios as compared to plants grown in soil of University Campus. There was reduction in root, shoot, leaf and total plant dry weight of S. saman in Pakistan metal industry, Dalda Limited and Indus battery soil while, increase in root, shoot, and seedling length, plant cover and leaf area were observed in these industrial soils as compared to seedlings grown in University Campus soil. The industrial areas soils especially the Shafi tannery increased the growth variables of S. saman as compared to University Campus and other industrial soils. The soil of industrial areas was sandy clay loam to sandy and silt loam with high bulk density and chloride contents, low porosity, electrical conductivity and total dissolved salt, alkaline pH, high sulphur, sodium and potassium (except for Shafi tannery), as compared to University Campus soil which was clay-loam in texture. Highest amount of total dissolved salts and electrical conductivity was found in the soil of Indus battery followed by University Campus, Pakistan metal industry, Dalda limited and Shafi tannery. Key-words: industrial area, Samanea saman, soil type, plant growth, salts.
Use and Protection of Water Resources in Pearl River Basin

Pearl River Basin is composed of Pearl River System,Hanjiang,rivers in Hainan Island,and the international rivers in the Southwest China.It is rich in water conservancy and water power resources.In recent years,the water quality is getting down due to serious point_source pollution in large and medium cities.At present time,a water_storage,water_diversion and water_supply system has been developed in Pearl River Basin,which can roughly meet the water_requirement of agriculture,industry and living.In some areas,however,water resources is in lackage,water_supply works are too old or not perfect,and water pollution is serious.In order to ensure the continuous development of water resources in Pearl River Basin,great attention should be paid on the long_term planning of water resources,construction and management of water_source works,and optimigation of water resources disposition.It is also important to develop new sources of water and save on water_use in agriculture,industry and living.Protection and unified management of water resources should be strengthened following the laws.
0 1 0 6 1 6 4 v 2 6 S ep 2 0 0 1 Optimum detection for extracting maximum information from symmetric qubit sets

We demonstrate a class of optimum detection strategies for extracting the maximum information from sets of equiprobable real symmetric qubit states of a single photon. These optimum strategies have been predicted by Sasaki et al. [24]. The peculiar aspect is that the detections with at least three outputs suffice for optimum extraction of information regardless of the number of signal elements. The cases of ternary (or trine), quinary, and septenary polarization signals are studied where a standard von Neumann detection (a projection onto a binary orthogonal basis) fails to access the maximum information. Our experiments demonstrate that it is possible with present technologies to attain about 96 % of the theoretical limit.
Mass Market Demand Response and Variable Generation Integration Issues: A Scoping Study

This scoping study focuses on the policy issues inherent in the claims made by some Smart Grid proponents that the demand response potential of mass market customers which is enabled by widespread implementation of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) through the Smart Grid could be the “silver bullet” for mitigating variable generation integration issues. In terms of approach, we will: identify key issues associated with integrating large amounts of variable generation into the bulk power system; identify demand response opportunities made more readily available to mass market customers through widespread deployment of AMI systems and how they can affect the bulk power system; assess the extent to which these mass market Demand Response (DR) opportunities can mitigate Variable Generation (VG) integration issues in the near-term and what electricity market structures and regulatory practices could be changed to further expand the ability for DR to mitigate VG integration issues over the long term; and provide a qualitative comparison of DR and other approaches to mitigate VG integration issues.
Silicification of carbonate rocks of Chehel-Kaman Formation( Upper Paleocene) in the west pf Kopet-Dagh Basin, NE Iran

Several diagenetic processes, which one prominent process is silicification, affected the Upper Paleocene carbonate rocks of Chehel-Kaman Formation in the Western Part of Kopet-Dagh basin (NE Iran and S Turkmenistan). The aim of this study is classification and interpretation of digenetic processes and environments for mentioned different silicification types. Five types of silicification are recognized in this study that formed in three diagenetic phases. Based on appearance and the place of silicification, two models (Immediate and late) for silicification interpreted. Silicification happened as three forms including micro and macro quartz as well chalcedonies. Micro types formed as solution voids filler and, do not follow any regular pattern. Macro types precipitated as four different forms, first type filled vacant voids between allochems in ooid grainstone facies that we have interpreted as oolithic shoals. This type is not fabric selective but can be commented facies selective. Second macrotype, formed in fractures and intersect the texture of the carbonate rocks. It is formed in a wide rang of facies. Third type of macrotype has seen as macroquartz that occurred in deepest facie. The Last feature of silicification is chalcedoic type that formed as fabric selective. This type precipitated in brachiopods and some bivalve shells with foliated fabric. Silicification of the carbonate rocks must have been taken place under acidic conditions (pH<7). In this conditions quartz precipitated and carbonate dissolved and provide appropriate space for next phase of silicification. Based on these diagenetic processes, formation of quartz and chalcedony infer as mixed (Eogenes phase that precipitated some of microquartz type), burial (mesogenes that deposited some micro-macro quartz and chalcedonic types) and uplifting zones (telogenes phase that some macroquartz type spatially fracture type formed in it).
The tannin project: the role of the vineyard

the 1997 vintage, as part of the tannin project, grapes were collected from a number of Shiraz vineyards located across South Australia and their anthocyanin content determined. Values for concentration of anthocyanins in these grapes ranged from 1.0 to 2.2 mg per gram fresh weight (Table 1). The higher values were generally associated with vineyards sited in cool to warm regions and/or with lower yields.
Habitat Suitability of Macroinvertebrates in the Taizi River Basin,Northeast China

We used the weight averaging(WA) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling(NMS) methods to rank the most important habitat variables(i.e.substrate,velocity and water depth) influencing the spatial distribution of macroinvertebrates in the Taizi River basin in northeastern China.The habitat suitability results for the most abundant monoid of macroinvertebrates in the Taizi River basin showed that all of the species found in this study showed different habitat preferences.Most species preferred to live in habitats with Small cobble substrate.The velocity preference depended on their feeding methods,life types and morphological structures.The water depth preference differed little among the species.The habitat suitability results of the most abundant species,Baetis thermicus,showed that it preferred to live on Small cobble substrate with velocity of 0.4 m/s and water depth of 0.2 m.Based on the habitat suitability model,the observed numbers of individuals of B.thermicus were lower than the predicted values.This indicated that other environmental factors besides the habitat variables measured in this study also significantly affected the distribution of B.thermicus.
Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

Molecular chaperones facilitate and regulate protein conformational change within cells. This encompasses many fundamental cellular processes: including the correct folding of nascent chains; protein transport and translocation; signal transduction and protein quality control. Chaperones are, therefore, important in several forms of human disease, including neurodegeneration. Within the retina, the highly specialized photoreceptor cell presents a fascinating paradigm to investigate the specialization of molecular chaperone function and reveals unique chaperone requirements essential to photoreceptor function. Mutations in several photoreceptor proteins lead to protein misfolding mediated neurodegeneration. The best characterized of these are mutations in the molecular light sensor, rhodopsin, which cause autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Rhodopsin biogenesis is likely to require chaperones, while rhodopsin misfolding involves molecular chaperones in quality control and the cellular response to protein aggregation. Furthermore, the specialization of components of the chaperone machinery to photoreceptor specific roles has been revealed by the identification of mutations in molecular chaperones that cause inherited retinal dysfunction and degeneration. These chaperones are involved in several important cellular pathways and further illuminate the essential and diverse roles of molecular chaperones. & 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Progress in permafrost hydrology in the new millennium

Increased attention directed at the permafrost region has been prompted by resource development and climate change. This review surveys advances in permafrost hydrology since 2000. Data shortage and data quality remain serious concerns. Yet, there has been much progress in understanding fundamental hydrologic processes operating in a wide range of environments, from steep mountainous catchments, to the Precambrian Shield with moderate relief, to the low‐gradient terrain of plains, plateaus and wetlands. Much of the recent research has focused on surface water, although springs and groundwater contribution to streamflow have also been studied. A compendium of water‐balance research from 39 high‐latitude catchments reveals the strengths and limitations of the available results, most of which are restricted to only a few years of study at the small watershed scale. The response of streamflow to climate receives continued if not increasing attention, from the occurrence of extreme hydrologic events to the changing regimes of river flow at a regional scale. The effect of climate change and the role of permafrost on the changing discharge of large boreal rivers are major topics for further investigation. Extended field and modelling research on physical processes will improve knowledge of permafrost hydrology and enhance its relevance to societal needs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of irrigation with saline water on seedlings growth of forest species and their soil characteristics

According to the limited amount of fresh water resources in the country, identifying and evaluating the effects of irrigation with saline water is necessary to produce tree seedlings for reviving the destructed lands, agroforestry and forest enrichment. One of the sources of providing saline water in north of the country is Caspian Sea. Seedlings of six species including alder, oak, eucalyptus, hackberry, Cupressus sempervirens and Cupressus arizonica were used. This study was done in a completely randomized design with four replications for each species and each irrigation. The parameters of diameter and height of the seedlings were measured at the beginning of the study period (March 2013, before stress application). After the treatments application, these parameters were monthly measured. Soil samples were taken at the beginning (March 2013) and end (October 2013) of the period. Based on the results, the highest and lowest diameter growth of saline water treatment was observed for Cupressus sempervirens and alder, respectively. The highest and lowest height growth of saline water treatment was observed for Cupressus sempervirens and oak, respectively. The highest and lowest soil electrical conductivity of saline water treatment was observed for alder and Cupressus sempervirens, respectively. The result of this study showed that irrigation with saline water had influence on diameter and height growth as well as soil characteristics and conifers had shown higher resistance than hardwoods. Therefore, it is suggested to examine the effect of irrigation with saline water on other conifers and native species in further studies.
PART I THE EXPECTATIONS HYPOTHESIS OF THE TERM STRUCTURE FOR NEW ZEALAND

The Expectation Hypothesis of the Term Structure, henceforth EHTS 1 , is a fundamental building block of financial and macroeconomic theory. It has particularly important implications for understanding and predicting future movements in interest rates and for the conduct of monetary policy by central banks. The theory posits that the slope of the yield curve should reflect market expectations of future movements in interest rates. Perhaps one of the most influential papers that tests t he expectations hypothesis is Mankiw & Miron (1986), henceforth, MM. They found supportive evidence for the EHTS for the US before the founding of the Federal Reserve in 1914 but not after. According to MM, the founding of the Federal Reserve had led to a dramatic change in the behaviour of interest rates – it had significantly reduced the predictability of interest rates, thereby reducing the ability of the term spread to predict future changes in interest rates. I use similar econometric methodology as MM change in monetary operating procedure in March 1999 2 affected the behaviour of interest rates and thus the predictions underlying the expectations theory. To provide an understanding of the relationship between the expectations theory and the Reserve Bank's implementation of monetary p olicy, I will discuss a nd compare N ew Zealand's monetary operating procedure both before and after the introduction of the 1 I use 'EHTS' and 'expectations theory' interchangeably throughout this paper. 2 The Reserve Bank of New Zealand changed its monetary operating procedure with the introduction of the Official Cash Rate (OCR) system in March 1999. The regime change will be discussed in more details in Section 5. contrast to the founding of the Federal Reserve system in the US, the introduction of the OCR system in New Zealand in March 1999 had dramatically improved the predictability of short-term interest rates. My findings suggest that the EHTS holds for New Zealand for the OCR period, but not for the period preceding it. Kool & Thornton (2000) argued that the econometric methodology employed by MM tends to generate supportive results for the EHTS during periods when short-term interest rates are relatively more volatile than long-term interest rates. They also argued that the EHTS receives more support when the term spread is negative (inverted yield curve). Given that I follow MM's procedure in testing the EHTS, I will also examine Kool & Thornton's specification using New Zealand data to …
Service-Oriented Science: Scaling the Application and Impact of eResearch

The importance of service-oriented architecture for science is widely recognized. Increasingly, scientific communities are making information tools accessible as services that clients can access over the network, without knowledge of their internal workings. In this way, tools formerly accessible only to the specialist can be made available to all. Equally importantly, new value-added services can be constructed that integrate other services to automate useful tasks. The value of such service-oriented science has been demonstrated in disciplines as diverse as astronomy, biology, and fusion science. The mechanisms required to achieve these goals are provided, in part, by grid infrastructure. I review the mechanisms that have been developed to date for grid infrastructure and experience gained implementing these mechanisms, for example within the open source Globus Toolkit version 4. I present a range of dynamic service deployment scenarios, in which for example the TeraGrid and Open Science Grid are used to host services for science communities. I discuss how these scenarios demonstrate the potential for scaling service-oriented science
Title Integrating UIMA annotators in a Web-based text processing framework Permalink

and Objective The Unstructured Information Management Architecture (UIMA) [1] framework is a growing platform for natural language processing (NLP) applications. However, such applications may be difficult for non-technical users deploy. This project presents a web-based framework that wraps UIMA-based annotator systems into a graphical user interface for researchers and clinicians, and a web service for developers. An annotator that extracts data elements from lung cancer radiology reports is presented to illustrate the use of the system. Annotation results from the web system can be exported to multiple formats for users to utilize in other aspects of their research and workflow. This project demonstrates the benefits of a layuser interface for complex NLP applications. Efforts such as this can lead to increased interest and support for NLP work in the clinical domain.
Eddies of the East Australia Current: Long Term Biological Impacts

Anthropogenic climate change is having a significant impact on physical and biological systems throughout the world.Impacts to the southeast Australian coastal ocean will likely result from changes in flow patterns due to an increase in the intensity of the East Australia Current(EAC). The EAC is the main physical feature on the east coast of Australia that is responsible for the redistribution of temperature and nutrients in the region. The main aim of this work is to understand how the EAC eddy field has changed over the last two decades and to concurrently determine long term changes in phytoplankton distribution and abundance in the Tasman Sea. An analysis of the interannual variability of chlorophyll concentration shows moderate spatial and temporal interannual variability with the region, with a significant increasing trend. Results of the eddy analysis indicate the 1-3 eddies are produced annually by the EAC with an average duration of 229 days. Trend in eddy production showed little change over the 18 year period suggesting that other phenomena, besides eddy dynamics, are responsible for the increasing trend of chlorophyll in the Tasman Sea.
Ventilación mecánica domiciliaria con doble nivel de presión positiva: Experiencia de un hospital de Buenos Aires

Home Mechanical Ventilation with Bilevel Positive Pressure. Experience from a Buenos Aires Hospital Introduction: Mechanical ventilation equipment for home use is an increasingly common treatment in clinical practice. Objective: Analyze the current situation of patients attending Churruca Hospital with home mechanical ventilation. Describe demographic and clinical characteristics, related to ventilator use and to provision of the home technical services. Materials and Methods: We identified the patients who were prescribed mechanical ventilation from 2000 to 2013. We invited them to come to the hospital to complete and update data about the ventilator use. The Eurovent methodology was used for the classification of respiratory diseases. A questionnaire was delivered to evaluate aspects related to health service access and home control. Results: 43 patients were analyzed; 58% were females, the body mass index was 37.52 ± 11.5 kg/m 2 . Respiratory diseases: Lung pathologies, 58%; Thoracic pathologies, 26%; Neuromuscular diseases, 14%. 79% of patients were located and 21% were considered
Developing straight-breeding and cross-breeding structures for extensive grazing systems which utilise exotic animal genetic resources.

ICAR Technical Series No 3 In this chapter we consider how exotic germplasm can be evaluated and then incorporated into cross-breeding programmes. We define exotic as meaning any breed or strain that is not native to the country or region in consideration. The general principles of how to design and operate cross-breeding systems or create new synthetic populations based on indigenous genetic resources are dealt with in the previous chapter and are not repeated here. Here, we deal with what needs to be modified when exotic germplasm is being considered. We also consider the possibility of using exotic germplasm as pure-breds.