Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incidence of essential tremor in three elderly populations of central Spain

Objective: To estimate the incidence of essential tremor (ET) in three populations in central Spain using data from the Neurologic Disorders in Central Spain (NEDICES), a population-based survey of elderly subjects (65 years and older). Methods: Individuals were evaluated at baseline (1994 to 1995) and at follow-up (a median of 3.3 years later in 1997 to 1998). The evaluation included a screening question for ET and a neurologic examination, when possible. Results: Of 5,278 subjects evaluated at baseline, there were 256 prevalent ET cases. Eighty-three incident ET cases were identified among 3,942 individuals assessed at follow-up. The adjusted annual incidence rate (per 100,000 person-years) in the population aged 65 years and older was 616 (95% CI: 447 to 784). Sixty-four (77.1%) of 83 incident cases had not been diagnosed before our assessment. Conclusions: The incidence of ET may be higher than previously recognized because a large proportion of patients with ET may never seek medical attention.
Distributing Social Applications

The so-called Web 2.0 revolution has fundamentally changed the way people interact with the Internet. The Web has turned from a read-only infrastructure to a collaborative platform. By expressing their preferences and sharing private information, the users benefit from a personalized Web experience. Yet, these systems raise several problems in terms of \emph{privacy} and \emph{scalability}. The social platforms use the user information for commercial needs and expose the privacy and preferences of the users. Furthermore, centralized personalized systems require costly data-centers. As a consequence, existing centralized social platforms do not exploit the full extent of the personalization possibilities. In this thesis, we consider the design of social networks and social information services in the context of \emph{peer-to-peer} (P2P) networks. P2P networks are decentralized architecture, thus the users participates to the service and control their own data. This greatly improves the privacy of the users and the scalability of the system. Nevertheless, building social systems in a distributed context also comes with many challenges. The information is distributed among the users and the system has be able to efficiently locate relevant data. The contributions of this thesis are as follow. We define the \emph{cold start link prediction} problem, which consists in predicting the edges of a social network solely from the social information of the users. We propose a method based on a \emph{probabilistic graph} to solve this problem. We evaluate it on a dataset from Flickr, using the group membership as social information. Our results show that the social information indeed enables a prediction of the social network. Thus, the centralization of the information threatens the privacy of the users, hence the need for decentralized systems. We propose \textsc{SoCS}, a \emph{decentralized} algorithm for \emph{link prediction}. Recommending neighbors is a central functionality in social networks, and it is therefore crucial to propose a decentralized approach as a first step towards P2P social networks. \textsc{SoCS} relies on gossip protocols to perform a force-based embedding of the social networks. The social coordinates are then used to predict links among vertices. We show that \textsc{SoCS} is adapted to decentralized systems at it is churn resilient and has a low bandwidth consumption. We propose \textsc{GMIN}, a \emph{decentralized} platform for \emph{personalized services} based on social information. \textsc{GMIN} provides each user with neighbors that share her interests. The clustering algorithm we propose takes care to encompass all the different interests of the user, and not only the main ones. We then propose a personalized \emph{query expansion} algorithm (\textsc{GQE}) that leverages the \textsc{GMIN} neighbors. For each query, the system computes a tag centrality based on the relations between tags as seen by the user and her neighbors.
Structure and substance in artificial-phonology learning

2 Formal complexity 3 2.1 Number of relevant features . 3 2.2 Relations between features . 9 2.2.1 Featural agreement . 9 2.2.2 Contiguity-similarity tradeoff . 11 2.3 Summary: Complexity . 13
Toward Explainable Deep Neural Network Based Anomaly Detection

Anomaly detection in industrial processes is crucial for general process monitoring and process health assessment. Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) based anomaly detection has received increased attention in recent work. Albeit their high accuracy, the black-box nature of DNNs is a drawback in practical deployment. Especially in industrial anomaly detection systems, explanations of DNN detected anomalies are crucial. This paper presents a framework for DNN based anomaly detection which provides explanations of detected anomalies. The framework answers the following questions during online processing: 1) “why is it an anomaly? ” and 2) “what is the confidence? ” Further, the framework can be used offline to evaluate the “knowledge” of the trained DNN. The framework reduces the opaqueness of the DNN based anomaly detector and thus improves human operators' trust in the algorithm. This paper implements the first steps of the presented framework on the benchmark KDD-NSL dataset for Denial of Service (DoS) attack detection. Offline DNN explanations showed that the DNN was detecting DoS attacks based on features indicating destination of connection, frequency and amount of data transferred while showing an accuracy around 97%.
Remission in CML: is DNA useful?

Imatinib is the current standard of care for patients with CML; however, the ability of imatinib to eradicate the CML clone is uncertain. Indeed, according to in vitro studies, leukemic stem cells are seemingly resistant to imatinib-induced apoptosis. 1 Thus, imatinib treatment would not appear to be curative. Most patients in long-term remission after allogeneic stem cell transplantation would be considered "cured," in spite of very occasionally being found positive for low-level BCR-ABL mRNA detected by RT-PCR. 2 .
PYSCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN SENIOR
CITIZENS OF BANGALORE CITY

The older population is at a high risk of Vitamin-D deficiency due to decreased cutaneous synthesis and dietary intake of Vitamin-D. Results from previous studies examining associations between serum 25- hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and depressive symptoms are equivocal. Hence this study was undertaken in order to find the association between vitamin D and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in a cross-sectional analysis of a population-based sample of elderly residing in Bangalore city. The objectives of this study are 1. To assess Serum 25(OH) Vitamin-D in the elderly. 2. To assess symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in the elderly with different levels of Vitamin-D. This study involved 80 healthy elderly subjects with consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Written informed consent was taken. For each subject, fasting blood sample of 4ml was collected for Serum 25(OH) Vitamin-D assessment. Anthropometric measurements were taken. 24-hour dietary recall, General History Questionnaire and Mental health symptoms were assessed using the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). Associations between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and total DASS-21 scores and subscale scores of depression, anxiety and stress were explored using negative binomial regression, adjusting for age, race, BMI and physical activity. The comparison of Serum Vitamin-D levels and DASS-21 components showed that the mean scores for Depression, anxiety and Stress were significantly higher in the Vitamin-D deficient participants, indicating that the Vitamin-D deficient participants had worst Psychological consequences. It can be concluded that a significant correlation was found between Serum Vitamin-D deficiency and poor psychological health. Based on the results of this study, psychological health for elderly can be improved by providing regular examinations and checking their Serum Vitamin-D levels and supplementing Vitamin-D to the elderly to enhance their quality of Life.
CHILLING INJURY IN PLANTS

INTRODUCTION • • • • • • . • . • • • • • . • . • • • • • • • . • • . • • • • • . , • • • . • • • • • . • . • • 445 HORTICULTURAL ASPEcrs OF CHILLING INJURY. • • • . • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • 446 Symptoms. 446 Susceptibility . , . , . 448 Chilling Treatment. 449 Amelioration of Chilling. 450 Temperature conditioning. 450 Alternating temperatures . " . 451 Hypobaric storage. 451 Modified atmospheres . " 452 Other treatments. 452 PHYSIOLOOICAL MANIFESTATIONS. • . • . • . • 453 Protoplasmic Streaming. 453 Respiration. 453 Studies with detached organs. 453 Tissue-level studies. 455 Mitochondrial studies. 456 Metabolic Changes . , . 457 Membrane Phenomena. 458 Permeability. 458 Phase transitions. 459 THE MECHANISM OF CHILLING INJURY. 460
Do Perceptually Aligned Gradients Imply Adversarial Robustness?

In the past decade, deep learning-based networks have achieved unprecedented success in numer-ous tasks, including image classiﬁcation. Despite this remarkable achievement, recent studies have demonstrated that such networks are easily fooled by small malicious perturbations, also known as adversarial examples. This security weakness led to extensive research aimed at obtaining robust models. Beyond the clear robustness beneﬁts of such models, it was also observed that their gradients with respect to the input align with human perception. Several works have identiﬁed Perceptually Aligned Gradients (PAG) as a byproduct of robust training, but none have considered it as a standalone phenomenon nor studied its own implications. In this work, we focus on this trait and test whether Perceptually Aligned Gradients imply Robustness . To this end, we develop a novel objective to directly promote PAG in training classiﬁers and examine whether models with such gradients are more robust to adversarial attacks. Extensive experiments on CIFAR-10 and STL validate that such models have improved robust performance, exposing the surprising bidirectional connection between PAG and robustness.
Analytical Study Regarding the Behavior of Cr-Co and Ni-Cr in Saliva

Background and Objectives: The interaction between dental alloys and saliva affects both its own properties and those of metallic materials. Materials and Methods: Samples made of Cr-Co and Ni-Cr were studied. It was opted for corrosion under tension, scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the surface morphology, and the chemical composition of the surface was assessed with the help of an Energy Dispersive Spectrometer. In vitro testing of the cytotoxic impact of the study eluates was carried out by flow cytometric analysis. Results: Pitting areas appear in the mass of the Ni-Cr alloy. Nickel, Manganese, and Cobalt dissolve and go into the solution. Corrosion is superficial in the case of the Cr-Co alloy, the corrosion points are shallow, and the amount of dissolved metal is relatively small. Mostly Nickel passes into the solution, unlike Chromium and Cobalt, which remain at this level. We noticed an increase in the viability of cell cultures in the case of Cr-Co alloy and a decrease in the number of living cells (87%) for Ni-Cr alloy. Conclusions: Common alloys (Ni-Cr and Cr-Co) are prone to corrosion, because they lack structural features that would shield the alloy from corrosion agents.
Application of flume testing to field-scale beach slope prediction

Tailings beach slope is a key parameter in design of tailings storage facilities. It influences the deposition plan, facility footprint, storage capacity and staging. This paper presents a method for applying existing analytical models to flume test and other rheological test results to allow the prediction of field-scale tailings beach slopes. Several authors have proposed analytical and testing methods for predicting tailings beach profiles. Flume tests are often used during design to provide an indication of how the tailings may beach. However, the application of flume test data to full-scale facilities has several limitations. Flume tests tend to yield much steeper beach slopes than those measured in the field. The success in scaling flume test results to full-scale facilities is mixed, at best. This paper demonstrates how an analytical model based on solid and fluid mechanics principles can be applied to scale-up flume test results to field-scale beaches. The method takes into account the differences in scale and tailings flow rate between the flume and the field. The paper discusses how to account the non-linear degradation of yield stress observed for non-segregating thickened or polymer-treated tailings. The beach slope prediction method is applied to flume test and rheological data for polymertreated mature fine tailings from two existing oil sands mines.
Investigation of Thermally-Actuated Pumping During Pool Boiling of a Dielectric Liquid on an Asymmetric Microstructured Silicon Heat Sink

Developments in the field of electronics fabrication have led to significant miniaturization of devices. Such a reduction in foot-print of the electronic devices coupled with increased capabilities, such as computing power, have offered numerous advantages to human comfort in the form of connectivity and portability. But these developments have also resulted in a bottle-neck which is the demand to dissipate the resulting high heat densities in the electronic packages. With heat dissipation demands exceeding more than 1000 W/cm, traditional air cooling techniques and even evaporative liquid cooling techniques like heat pipes have been pushed to their limits of operation. Future high powered, micro-electronics, thermal management could potentially migrate to liquid cooling involving phase change which is considered as one of the potential solutions for high heat dissipation demands. While a technique such as flow in microchannels with phase-change has proven to meet the demands, it comes with the cost of power required to pump the fluid through narrow passages. With modern electronics getting leaner in power consumption, an ideal cooling technique would be one that while dissipating a large volume of heat, also self-propels the fluid to enhance the heat transfer characteristics. Such a cooling system with a pump-less flow loop will be power-free, compact and self-regulating. The system proposed will also be applicable to thermal management of space electronics, where power is a precious commodity. The study conducted by the author in collaboration with a heat transfer research group from Oregon State University, investigates the liquid self-propulsion effects during pool boiling of a dielectric liquid on asymmetric surfaces. The study describes a novel silicon heat sink with an asymmetric saw-tooth crosssectioned surface structure, which has the potential to be translated into a liquid propulsion system while dissipating heat efficiently. The heat sink was fabricated using a combination of
Multiple instance learning with generalized support vector machines

In pattern classification it is usually assumed that a training set of labeled patterns is available. Multiple-Instance Learning (MIL) generalizes this problem setting by making weaker assumptions about the labeling information. While each pattern is still believed to possess a true label, training labels are associated with sets or bags of patterns rather than individual patterns. More formally, given is a set of patterns x1, . ,xn grouped into bags X1, . , Xm, with Xj = {xi : i ∈ Ij} and Ij ⊆ {1, . , n}. With each bag Xj is associated a label Yj ∈ {−1, 1}. These labels are interpreted in the following way: if a bag has a negative label Yj = −1, all patterns in that bag inherit the negative label. If on the other hand, Yj = 1, then at least one pattern xi ∈ Xj is a positive example of the underlying concept. The MIL scenario has many interesting applications: One prominent application is the classification of molecules in the context of drug design (Dietterich, Lathrop, & LozanoPerez 1997). Here, each molecule is represented by a bag of possible conformations. Another application is in image retrieval where images can be viewed as bags of local image patches (Maron & Ratan 1998) or image regions. Algorithms for the MIL problem were first presented in (Dietterich, Lathrop, & Lozano-Perez 1997; Auer 1997; Long & Tan 1996). These methods (and analytical results) are based on hypothesis classes consisting of axisaligned rectangles. Similarly, methods developed subsequently (e.g., (Maron & Lozano-Perez 1998; Zhang & Goldman 2002)) have focused on specially tailored machine learning algorithms that do not compare favorably in the limiting case of bags of size 1 (the standard classification setting). A notable exception is (Ramon & Raedt 2000).
Semantic Selection of Healthcare Apps

The paper proposes a computational model, based on SWRL enabled OWL ontologies, in order to create software tools, which will choose the most suitable healthcare Apps for specific requirements. The tool will take into account specific evaluation criteria for the semantic selection of healthcare Apps, which will be based on functionality of Apps, preferences of the Apps' users and the technology required to run the Apps. We call our selection "semantic" for two reasons: a) we must understand the semantic of the environment where the selection happens before we choose an App and b) we will perform reasoning in order to make a decision on the most suitable healthcare App. Our computational model has been tested in various environments and proved that it can dynamically select Apps according to the semantic found in the Apps evaluation criteria.
Treatment of imipramine-resistant recurrent depression, III: Efficacy of monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

BACKGROUND The effectiveness of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) in tricyclic resistant depression has received surprisingly little systematic study. METHOD Patients who failed to respond to sustained, adequate treatment with the tricyclic imipramine (mean maximum dosage = 260 mg/day) and interpersonal psychotherapy were withdrawn from imipramine and treated in a standardized, but open-label 6-week trial with either phenelzine (N = 4; 60 mg/day) or tranylcypromine (N = 36; mean = 38.5 mg/day) and continued interpersonal psychotherapy. RESULTS Forty of 42 patients (95%) completed the trial, of whom 23 (58%) responded to treatment. Highly significant improvement was documented on measures of depression, reversed neurovegetative symptoms, and somatic symptoms. Response was significantly correlated with severity of depression (pre-MAOI score on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression), severity of a composite score of anergic and reversed neurovegetative features, and low levels of improvement during initial imipramine/interpersonal psychotherapy. Of patients who met criteria for proposed subforms of anergic or atypical depression, 67% (18/27) responded (p less than .05); 77% (17/22) of patients who scored above the mean on the composite measure of anergic and reversed neurovegetative features responded (p less than .01). CONCLUSION These findings provide strong evidence of the utility of MAOIs in tricyclic-resistant depression, especially in patients with features such as fatigue, volitional inhibition, motoric retardation, hypersomnia, and/or weight gain.
P o S ( G o l d e n 2 0 1 5 ) 0 5 0 Trace elements in WD long term evolution

The problem: Can the diffusion of trace elements in cooling white dwarfs yield sufficiently high concentration to ignite proper nuclear species and produce thermonuclear reactions? Method: We discuss the diffusion of trace elements in cooling White Dwarf from the formation of WDs to interior solidification. Trace elements can be leftover elements from the synthesis of hydrogen and helium or elements from the formation of WD that were synthesized in a previous stellar generation. Among the trace elements we assume 238U which emits α particles. Motivation: The motivation is to see if helium released from the α decay of 238U and the entire
F eb 2 01 5 An Upper Bound on the Minimum Distance of LDPC Codes over GF ( q )

In [1] a syndrome counting based upper bound on the minimum distance of regular binary LDPC codes is given. In this paper we extend the bound to the case of irregular and generalized LDPC codes overGF (q). The comparison to the lower bound for LDPC codes over GF (q) and to the upper bound for non-binary codes is done. The new bound is shown to lie under the Gilbert–Varshamov bound at high rates. I. I NTRODUCTION In this paper we investigate the minimum code distance of LDPC codes [2], [3] overFq. Such codes have good error-correcting capabilities, efficient encoding and dec oding algorithms. All of these makes the codes very popular in practical applications. In [1] a syndrome counting based upper bound on the minimum distance of regular binary LDPC codes is given. In this paper we extend the bound to the case of irregular and generalized LDPC codes over Fq. Our contribution is as follows. First we derive the upper bound for generalized LDPC codes (we assume the Tanner graph [3] to be a regular one) over Fq. The bound depends on the weight 1 enumerator of the constituent code. Second we derive the upper bound for irregular LDPC codes (we assume the Tanner graph to be an irregular one) over Fq. The constituent code in this case is a single parity-check (SPC) code overFq. We compare the new upper bound to the lower bound for LDPC codes over Fq [4] and to the upper bound for non-binary codes [5]. At last we show the derived bound to lie under the Gilbert–Varshamov bound at high rates. II. GENERALIZED LDPC CODES In this section we obtain the upper bound on the minimum distance of generalized LDPC codes. We use Elias–Bassalygo type arguments [6]. Let us briefly consider the construction of generalized LDPC codeC over Fq. To construct such a code we use a bipartite graph, which is called the Tanner graph [3] (see Fig. 1). The graph consists of N variable nodesv1, v2, . , vN andM check nodesc1, c2, . , cM . In this section we assume all the check nodes to have the same degree n0 (such Tanner graphs are called right regular ones). We associate constit uen codes to each of the check nodes. In this section all the 1Here and in what follows by weight we mean the Hamming weight, i.e. a number of non-zero elements in a vector.
Vγ2Vδ2 T Cell Receptor Recognition of Prenyl Pyrophosphates Is Dependent on All CDRs

γδ T cells differ from αβ T cells in the Ags they recognize and their functions in immunity. Although most αβ TCRs recognize peptides presented by MHC class I or II, human γδ T cells expressing Vγ2Vδ2 TCRs recognize nonpeptide prenyl pyrophosphates. To define the molecular basis for this recognition, the effect of mutations in the TCR CDR was assessed. Mutations in all CDR loops altered recognition and cover a large footprint. Unlike murine γδ TCR recognition of the MHC class Ib T22 protein, there was no CDR3δ motif required for recognition because only one residue is required. Instead, the length and sequence of CDR3γ was key. Although a prenyl pyrophosphate-binding site was defined by Lys109 in Jγ1. 2 and Arg51 in CDR2δ, the area outlined by critical mutations is much larger. These results show that prenyl pyrophosphate recognition is primarily by germline-encoded regions of the γδ TCR, allowing a high proportion of Vγ2Vδ2 TCRs to respond. This underscores its parallels to innate immune receptors. Our results also provide strong evidence for the existence of an Ag-presenting molecule for prenyl pyrophosphates.