Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Plyometric Training on the Speed, Agility, and Explosive Strength Performance in Elite Athletes

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the speed, agility, and explosive strength performance of elite basketball players over an 8-week plyometric training program. Fifteen elite male college basketball players in Taiwan (average age 22.16 ± 0.85 years old) were publicly recruited. All participants received 24 plyometric training courses three times per week for 8 weeks, and the courses were implemented pre- and post-test. The speed and agility test items were divided into a 20 m sprint and a T-shaped run. In the explosive strength test, a force plate was used to measure countermovement jump to understand the pre- and post-test differences in all the test indicators, including the rate of force development, time of the rate of force development, ground reaction forces for the moment of jumping, duration of passage, and jump height. It was found that, after the participants underwent the plyometric training program, the body mass index and body fat percentage were significantly reduced, the skeletal muscle mass was significantly increased, and the post-test scores for speed and agility improved significantly. All the participants exhibited a steeper gradient for the rate of force development (r = −0.816~−0.963) and a shorter time for the rate of force development (0.107~0.232 s). The ground reaction forces reached 1509.61~2387.11 Newtons. The duration of passage reached 0.643 s, and the jump height reached 0.624 m. The conclusion was that the plyometric training program can increase muscle volume in the lower limbs and legs, increase the rate of force development, and shorten the jumping time, thereby enhancing explosive strength.
An Analysis of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Forecast Errors

Abstract Western North Pacific tropical cyclone position forecast errors for 10 years (1966–75) are statistically analyzed. Variations of errors versus a number of parameters are examined. It is shown that a small number of readily available parameters, such as location, maximum wind and components of motion, can, with reasonable effectiveness, classify a tropical cyclone forecast as representing a group with either markedly above or below average errors. The annual variations of forecast errors are also discussed and an attempt is made to explain those variations.
In Vitro Probiotic Properties of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis SF and Its Alleviating Effect on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease with many influencing factors. With the increasing role of the gut–liver axis in various liver diseases, research on the prevention and treatment of NAFLD with probiotics is increasing. In the present study, a Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. strain, B. lactis SF, was isolated from the feces of healthy infants and characterized by sequencing of the 16S rDNA. A systematic probiotic evaluation was carried out, and a diet-induced mouse model was constructed to study the effect and mechanism of B. lactis SF on diet-induced NAFLD. Results show that B. lactis SF has excellent gastrointestinal fluid tolerance and intestinal colonization, and strong antibacterial and antioxidant capabilities. In vivo, B. lactis SF modulated intestinal flora, restored the intestinal barrier, and inhibited LPS entrance into the portal circulation, which subsequently inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB and modulated the PI3K-Akt/AMPK signaling pathway, attenuated the inflammatory response, and reduced lipid accumulation. In addition, B. lactis SF attenuated oxidative stress and further alleviated autophagy, resulting in an ameliorative effect on NAFLD. Therefore, our study provides a new dietary method for the treatment of NAFLD.
Snow cover variation over the Tibetan Plateau from MODIS and comparison with ground observations

Abstract A temporal variation and spatial distribution of the snow-covered area (SCA) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are analyzed using moderate-resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS)/Terra 8-day snow cover products (MOD10A2) from 2001 to 2013 and the SCA is compared with in situ snow cover days (SCD) from the meteorological network in the TP. Results show that at monthly levels the minimum SCA occurs in July, followed by August, and the SCA increases rapidly from September, reaching the maximum in March; on average, 2002, 2005, and 2008 are snowy years, whereas 2001, 2003, 2007, and 2010 are less-snow years. Apart from strong seasonal variations, the general trend of interannual snow cover variations from 2001 to 2013 is not obvious, remaining at a relatively stable status. The snow cover over the TP is characterized by uneven geographic distribution. In general, snow is abundant with a long duration in the high mountains while it is less abundant and with a short duration in the vast interior of the TP. The interannual variations of snow cover over the TP from ground-based meteorological stations using SCD are very consistent with MODIS SCA, with a correlation coefficient of 0.80 ( P < 0.01 ), indicating that MOD10A2 data have high accuracy to capture and monitor spatiotemporal variations of snow cover over the TP.
Reliability Evaluation of Spacecraft Subsystem Based on a Dynamic Weighted Comprehensive Evaluation Method

On-orbit spacecraft has the characteristics of high cost, high complexity and difficult maintenance. In order to ensure that the spacecraft can meet the on-orbit lifetime, it is necessary to ensure that the subsystems have high reliability and safety. Considering the complexity of multi-subsystem and multi-parameter of the spacecraft, a reliability evaluation method of on-orbit spacecraft based on the dynamic weighted comprehensive evaluation is proposed. The state indexes of the subsystems are unified and standardized. A mathematical model for spacecraft comprehensive evaluation is designed. As a result, the reliability evaluation of on-orbit spacecraft subsystem is realized. The method eliminates the subjectivity of evaluators. It can provide more scientific and reasonable evaluation and comparison results for the reliability of on-orbit spacecraft subsystem.
Surgical Instrument Detection Using RCA-YOLOx Network

Laparoscopic surgery is one of the mainstream surgical approaches today and usually requires computer-assisted physician detection of surgical instruments. In this paper, we propose a RCA-YOLOx surgical instrument detection model to address the problem of misdetection caused by the similar appearance of surgical instruments during surgical instrument detection. Firstly, the RCA attention module is introduced in the backbone feature extraction network, which effectively improves the feature expression capability. Secondly, a new loss function is introduced to focus more on the detection of hard-to-score samples. The results on the m2cai16-tool-locations dataset show that the RCA-YOLOx network has better performance than the original YOLOx network in surgical instrument detection.
Determinants of Clinical Decision Making under Uncertainty in Dentistry: A Scoping Review

Clinical decision-making for diagnosing and treating oral and dental diseases consolidates multiple sources of complex information, yet individual clinical judgements are often made intuitively on limited heuristics to simplify decision making, which may lead to errors harmful to patients. This study aimed at systematically evaluating dental practitioners’ clinical decision-making processes during diagnosis and treatment planning under uncertainty. A scoping review was chosen as the optimal study design due to the heterogeneity and complexity of the topic. Key terms and a search strategy were defined, and the articles published in the repository of the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMed) were searched, selected, and analysed in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Of the 478 studies returned, 64 relevant articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. Studies that were included were based in 27 countries, with the majority from the UK and USA. Articles were dated from 1991 to 2022, with all being observational studies except four, which were experimental studies. Six major recurring themes were identified: clinical factors, clinical experience, patient preferences and perceptions, heuristics and biases, artificial intelligence and informatics, and existing guidelines. These results suggest that inconsistency in treatment recommendations is a real possibility and despite great advancements in dental science, evidence-based practice is but one of a multitude of complex determinants driving clinical decision making in dentistry. In conclusion, clinical decisions, particularly those made individually by a dental practitioner, are potentially prone to sub-optimal treatment and poorer patient outcomes.
Lightweight Steel Bar Detection Network Based on YOLOv5

: The proposed YOLOv5 model for steel bar detection has been improved with the addition of an ECA-Net attention module and Ghost Conv to reduce model volume. The Neck layer's feature pyramid module has been replaced with a weighted two-way feature pyramid network structure for better feature fusion. Additionally, the loss function and image processing have been improved for better detection efficiency. The experimental results on the reinforced data set show that the volume of the improved YOLO -EB model is reduced by 11 % compared with the original version, and the mAP is increased by 1.6 %, which meets the requirements of actual use.
INTERACTION AND MERGING OF TWO SINISTRAL FILAMENTS

In this paper, we report the interaction and subsequent merging of two sinistral filaments (F1 and F2) occurring at the boundary of AR 9720 on 2001 December 6. The two filaments were close and nearly perpendicular to each other. The interaction occurred after F1 was erupted and the eruption was impeded by a more extended filament channel (FC) standing in the way, in which F2 was embedded. The erupted material ran into FC along its axis, causing F1 and F2 to merge into a single structure that subsequently underwent a large-amplitude to-and-fro motion. A significant plasma heating process was observed in the merging process, making the mixed material largely disappear from the Hα passband, but appear in Extreme Ultraviolet Telescope 195 Å images for a while. These observations can serve as strong evidence of merging reconnection between the two colliding magnetic structures. A new sinistral filament was formed along FC after the cooling of the merged and heated material. No coronal mass ejection was observed to be associated with the event; though, the eruption was accompanied by a two-ribbon flare with a separation motion, indicating that the eruption had failed. This event shows that, in addition to overlying magnetic fields, such an interaction is an effective restraint to make a filament eruption fail in this way.
On breaking weather records: Part 1: The past

`̀ The frequency with which record weather conditions are reported in the newspapers suggested to the writer that an investigation into a simplified version of the problem of record values might prove interesting. ’’ Not my words but written almost half a century ago by one of the pioneers of the field (Chandler 1952). Nevertheless, the quotation expresses precisely the motivation for this paper in which I consider record breaking in general and apply the concepts to extreme rainfall past (Part 1) and future (Part 2). At the time of writing, the media were focused on the England and Wales Precipitation (EWP) data (Jones and Conway 1997) prompted by the report that the 12-month period from April 2000 to March 2001 was the wettest in the entire EWP time-series beginning in 1766. This is only the latest in a string of weather-related records ± floods, storms, droughts, ozone, glaciers and ice caps, and high sea-levels ± that have also been reported as experiencing unprecedented levels. As a long-time user of data on weather and hydrological extremes, I have been conscious of a divide between the way that weather extremes are presented by the media and understood by the general public on the one hand, and by those with an academic interest or technical responsibilities on the other. The former group comprising press, public, politicians and lobbyists tend to be preoccupied, if not fixated, with unprecedented, i.e. recordbreaking, events. The latter group base decisions on high-ranking values such as annual maxima or exceedances of a threshold, and test hypotheses about changed controlling factors by considering broader aspects of climate. This is not to say that record breaking cannot be treated formally, nor do I suggest that readers of Weather are uninterested in record-breaking events, a recent example being Webb and Meaden’ s (2000) prodigious collection of absolute daily temperature maxima. In the following I attempt to bridge the gap between the two viewpoints through a discussion of the statistical properties of the rate of occurrence of record-breaking events. Part 1 considers historical data and Part 2 will speculate on how records may be broken in a future, changing world. The procedure for extracting record break-
Next-to-soft factorization and unitarity in Drell-Yan processes

The Drell-Yan process is considered as a case study to investigate two different aspects of perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics: the search for a next-to-soft factorization formalism to organize next-to-leading-power (NLP) threshold logarithms to all orders, and the development of new methods based on unitarity to efficiently compute fixed-order cross-sections of single-particle inclusive processes. Specifically, considering the abelian part of the real-virtual interference diagrams of the two-loop Drell-Yan K-factor, next-to-soft corrections are studied with three different approaches: the use of diagrammatic techniques, the method of regions, and an approach based on the soft-collinear factorization formula. In this investigation special care is needed for collinear effects, which lead to the definition of a radiative jet function, computed here for the first time at one-loop. The final result of this analysis is a full control of abelian-like NLP logarithms that paves the way for a full resummation formalism. For what concerns unitarity methods, the formulation in Mellin space of the optical theorem for Deep Inelastic Scattering is generalized to the Drell-Yan case through a diagram-by-diagram approach based on unitary cuts. Crucial to this analysis is the removal of unphysical cuts by means of diagram-independent prescriptions in Mellin space. This approach offers an alternative method to compute the NNLO Drell-Yan cross-section and seems a promising tool for the computation of inclusive cross-sections at NNNLO.
Biomarkers of Migraine: An Integrated Evaluation of Preclinical and Clinical Findings

In recent years, numerous efforts have been made to identify reliable biomarkers useful in migraine diagnosis and progression or associated with the response to a specific treatment. The purpose of this review is to summarize the alleged diagnostic and therapeutic migraine biomarkers found in biofluids and to discuss their role in the pathogenesis of the disease. We included the most informative data from clinical or preclinical studies, with a particular emphasis on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), cytokines, endocannabinoids, and other biomolecules, the majority of which are related to the inflammatory aspects and mechanisms of migraine, as well as other actors that play a role in the disease. The potential issues affecting biomarker analysis are also discussed, such as how to deal with bias and confounding data. CGRP and other biological factors associated with the trigeminovascular system may offer intriguing and novel precision medicine opportunities, although the biological stability of the samples used, as well as the effects of the confounding role of age, gender, diet, and metabolic factors should be considered.
Graphs, closability, and causality of linear time-invariant discrete-time systems

In this paper a linear, time-invariant, discrete-time system is considered by regarding it as an (unbounded) operator on 2(N), 2(Z), CN or CZ. The graphs of closed systems are characterized and properties such as causality and closability of systems are studied. It is shown that the closure of a causal, closable system on 2(N), CN and CZ is again causal, whereas this is in general not the case for systems on 2(Z). Necessary and sufficient conditions which guarantee that this property hold for systems on 2(Z) are given. Many of the results extend without change to the continuous-time case.
A Static Feature Point Extraction Algorithm for Visual-Inertial SLAM

Aiming at the fact that most simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) methods are fragile in dynamic environment, a static feature point extraction algorithm for visual-inertial SLAM is proposed. Firstly, the distance from feature matching to transformation matrix is calculated by cleverly combining inertial measurement unit (IMU) data and visual information. Secondly, a static probability model for distinguishing feature point categories is established based on the binomial logistic regression model. These categorical feature points are used in subsequent algorithms to select more stable data associations. Finally, the algorithm is integrated into the ORBSLAM-3 system, and extensive experiments are performed on the OpenLORIS-Scene public dataset and real world to verify the performance of the integrated system. The results show our algorithm not only maintains the high-precision localization performance of the original system in the static environment, but also improves the localization accuracy of the original system in the dynamic environment.
Affine Transform Invariant Image Local Watermarking by Krawtchouk Moment Invariants

An affine transform invariant local watermarking is designed and test against attacks performed by Stirmark using the Krawtchouk moment invariants.Watermark is inserted into the perceptually significant Krawtchouk moment invariants.Watermarking based on Krawtchouk moment invariants are local,that is,the embedded watermark affects only a selected portion of the original image,the position of which can be decided by user.This means that the watermark is especially robust to cropping.Independent Component Analysis(ICA) is adopted by detector to extract the perfect watermark blindly.The computational aspects of proposed watermarking are also detailed.Experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed watermarking technique has a good robustness against watermark benchmark Stirmark.
Adaptations to the stressful combination of serpentine soils and Mediterranean climate drive plant functional groups and trait richness

Introduction Plant functional traits (FTs) are important for understanding plant ecological strategies (e.g., drought avoidance), especially in the nutrient-poor soils of serpentine ecosystems. In the Mediterranean areas, such ecosystems are characterized by climatic factors (e.g., summer drought) that exert a filtering effect. Material and Methods In our study, we analyzed 24 species with varying serpentine affinity, from strictly serpentine plants to generalist plants, from two ultramafic shrublands in southern Spain, considering four FTs: plant height (H), leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), and stem specific density (SSD). Additionally, we also identified the species’ dominant strategies to avoid drought and those strategies’ relationship to serpentine affinity. We used principal component analysis to identify combinations of FTs, and cluster analysis to define Functional Groups (FGs). Results and Discussion We defined eight FGs, which suggests that such Mediterranean serpentine shrublands are composed of species with wide-ranging of FTs. Indicator traits explained 67–72% of the variability based on four strategies: (1) lower H than in other Mediterranean ecosystems; (2) middling SSD; (3) low LA; and (4) low SLA due to thick and/or dense leaves, which contribute to long leaf survival, nutrient retention, and protection from desiccation and herbivory. Generalist plants had higher SLA than obligate serpentine plants, whereas the obligate serpentine plants showed more drought avoidance mechanisms than the generalists. Although most plant species inhabiting Mediterranean serpentine ecosystems have shown similar ecological adaptations in response to the Mediterranean environment, our results suggest that serpentine obligate plant species could present greater resilience to climate change. Given greater number and more pronounced drought avoidance mechanisms in these species compared with generalists, and the high number of FGs identified, the serpentine plants have shown adaptation to severe drought.
Aurora kinases: Generators of spatial control during mitosis

Cell division events require regulatory systems to ensure that events happen in a distinct order. The classic view of temporal control of the cell cycle posits that cells order events by linking them to changes in Cyclin Dependent Kinase (CDK) activities. However, a new paradigm is emerging from studies of anaphase where chromatids separate at the central metaphase plate and then move to opposite poles of the cell. These studies suggest that distinct events are ordered depending upon the location of each chromosome along its journey from the central metaphase plate to the elongated spindle poles. This system is dependent upon a gradient of Aurora B kinase activity that emerges during anaphase and acts as a spatial beacon to control numerous anaphase/telophase events and cytokinesis. Recent studies also suggest that Aurora A kinase activity specifies proximity of chromosomes or proteins to spindle poles during prometaphase. Together these studies argue that a key role for Aurora kinases is to provide spatial information that controls events depending upon the location of chromosomes or proteins along the mitotic spindle.
Role of posttranslational modifications in memory and cognitive impairments caused by neonatal sevoflurane exposure

With the advancement of technology, increasingly many newborns are receiving general anesthesia at a young age for surgery, other interventions, or clinical assessment. Anesthetics cause neurotoxicity and apoptosis of nerve cells, leading to memory and cognitive impairments. The most frequently used anesthetic in infants is sevoflurane; however, it has the potential to be neurotoxic. A single, short bout of sevoflurane exposure has little impact on cognitive function, but prolonged or recurrent exposure to general anesthetics can impair memory and cognitive function. However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unknown. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs), which can be described roughly as the regulation of gene expression, protein activity, and protein function, have sparked enormous interest in neuroscience. Posttranslational modifications are a critical mechanism mediating anesthesia-induced long-term modifications in gene transcription and protein functional deficits in memory and cognition in children, according to a growing body of studies in recent years. Based on these recent findings, our paper reviews the effects of sevoflurane on memory loss and cognitive impairment, discusses how posttranslational modifications mechanisms can contribute to sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity, and provides new insights into the prevention of sevoflurane-induced memory and cognitive impairments.