Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF VARIOUS SURFACE TREATMENTS ON RETENTION OF POLYETHERETHERKETONE PREMOLAR CROWN

Objectives: The primary aim of this research is to evaluate the durability of premolar crowns made from Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) after undergoing various surface treatment methods. Materials& Methods : A set of twenty-five Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) crowns with full coverage were manufactured and thereafter affixed onto human maxillary premolars that had been appropriately prepped. The 25 crowns were classified into five distinct types according on the surface treatment utilized. The notion of control pertains to the capacity to manage or regulate variables with the intention of exerting influence over outcomes or preserving stability within a given system. Hydrofluoric acid (HF) with a concentration of 9.5% is being referred to. The solution under consideration is sulfuric acid with a concentration of 98%. The piranha solution is composed of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at a concentration of 98% and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at a concentration of 30%. The experimental agent employed in this investigation was nitric acid, and each trial consisted of a sample size of 5. Following that, every crown sample was securely attached to its corresponding abutment using self-adhesive resin cement G-CEM. Following that, the specimens were subjected to a thermocycling protocol comprising of 5000 cycles, wherein the temperature oscillated between 5°C and 55°C. The pull-off test was performed utilizing a universal testing apparatus. The data was collected, systematically arranged into tables, and subsequently subjected to rigorous statistical analysis. Results: The mean pull off values were ordered in the following manner: Conclusions: It is recommended to employ Piranha solution and 98% sulfuric acid for the purpose of treating the surface of PEEK, since this approach has been shown to result in a substantial improvement in retentive strength.
Radiographic evaluation of the tibiotarsal joint in patients with ipsilateral triple arthrodesis

Objective: This study radiographically evaluated the tibiotarsal joints of patients receiving ipsilateral triple arthrodesis and analyzed the effects of this procedure over the short and medium terms. Methods: A total of 150 triple arthrodesis procedures were performed between 2010 and 2015, and 56 patients (62 operated feet) participated in this study. The ankles were radiographically evaluated at the following time points: the initial or preoperative period, 1 year after the operation, and 3 to 5 years after the operation. The presence of arthrosis according to the Kellgren and Lawrence (K&L) scale and the onset time of secondary arthrosis worsening were observed. Results: During the initial period, 31 ankles (50%) presented with no clear signs of arthrosis. Tibiotarsal arthrosis presented with a worsening of 1 degree in 13 ankles 1 year after surgery (28.3%). Three to 5 years after surgery, a 1-degree worsening of 21 ankles (55.2%) was observed; 15.8% (n=6) of the ankles had a worsening of arthrosis greater than or equal to 2 degrees; and 11 ankles (29%) had no worsening or onset of tibiotarsal arthrosis. The worsening or onset of tibiotarsal arthrosis occurred an average of 22 months after the procedure. The mean postoperative evolution time was 32.4 months for those who presented with an arthrosis worsening of only 1 degree. Those who presented with a worsening of tibiotarsal arthrosis of 2 or more degrees had an average postoperative evolution time of 43.7 months. Conclusion: Radiographic findings strengthen the concept of arthrosis formation following triple arthrodesis in the tibiotarsal joint, even over the short and medium terms. Level of Evidence IV; Therapeutic Studies; Case Series.
Factors affecting Gross Saving in Nepal

Gross saving is the engine of capital formation which leads to rise the investment to rise the public welfare by rising income employment of the country. Therefore, the major aim of this study is to examine the major macroeconomic determinants of gross saving within the country by employing Engel-Granger cointegration test and Error Correction Model using the time series data of 1994/95 to 2020/21. Engel-Granger test has identified the gross domestic product is positive and consumer price index is negative major determinants of saving in short-run as well as in long-run but remittance and interest rate are positive and significant determinants only in long-run. Furthermore, the coefficient of Error Correction Term is 0.89% implies that 89% of adjustments toward equilibrium have been confirmed, providing evidence of a stable long term causal relationship
Stress tensor and fault plane solutions for a population of earthquakes

An algorithm for the simultaneous estimation of the orientation and shape of the stress tensor and the individual fault plane solutions for a population of earthquakes is studied. It corresponds to a synthesis of the methods used by Brillinger et al. (1980) to obtain focal mechanisms and by Armijo and Cisternas (1978) for stress tensor analysis in microtectonics. The input data are the polarities of the P arrival and take-off angles for the set of source-station pairs. The method distinguishes, in general, which one of the nodal planes corresponds to the fault and gives the direction of the slip. The application to the aftershock sequence of the 1980 Arudy earthquake (Western Pyrenees) shows that the observations may be explained by a single stress tensor producing a N32°E extension, with a likelihood of 95 per cent.
INTERACTION BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL AND AGRICULTURAL POLICIES: OPPORTUNITIES FOR COORDINATION AND LIMITATIONS FOR EVALUATIONt Interactions Between Agricultural and Environmental Policies: A Conceptual Framework

Agricultural policy has a well-documented impact on farmers' production decisions, and those decisions (land, water, and agricultural chemical use) may in turn affect the environment. There is a public perception that existing agricultural policies are linked to agricultural pollution, as exemplified by the conclusions of the recent National Research Council report, Alternative Agriculture (1989). There is only limited theoretical or empirical research addressing these linkages, however. This paper develops a conceptual framework that can be used to analyze the interactions between agricultural and environmental policies and pollution. This framework integrates physical and economic models at a disaggregate level necessary to capture the heterogeneity of the physical environment and the economic behavior of farmers. Following E. Hochman and D. Zilberman (1978), the disaggregate units can be statistically aggregated to a level useful for policy analysis. Agricultural and environmental policies can be categorized according to their effects on the intensive and extensive margins. Combining the different policy instruments with the microeconomic heterogeneity, we find that existing agricultural and environmental policies can have either positive or negative effects of nonpoint source pollution; to infer an aggregate effect requires data that do not currently exist. Our framework provides a basis for empirical investigations of these effects, given adequate data. Moreover, we find that agricultural policy instruments can be used to mitigate pollution if used appropriately.
Seasonal variations and source apportionment of PM_(2.5)at urban area of Chengdu

Daily PM2.5 samples were collected from 2009 to 2010 during a typical month of each season at an urban site of Chengdu.The mass concentration and chemical compositions (including carbonaceous species,water-soluble inorganic ions and elements) of PM2.5 were determined.The results showed that the average PM2.5 mass concentration was (165.1±85.1) μg·m-3,which was 4.7 times the annual PM2.5National Ambient Air Quality Standard of China.The average concentrations of OC,EC and total secondary inorganic ions (SO2-4,NO-3 and NH+4) were (22.6±10.2)μg·m-3,(9.0±5.4) μg·m-3 and (62.8±44.3) μg·m-3,accounting for 13.7%,5.5% and 38.0% of PM2.5 mass concentration,respectively.Higher levels of PM2.5 mass concentration and their major chemical compositions were found in autumn and winter compared to those found in spring and summer.Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model was performed to identify the sources of PM2.5 at urban Chengdu.Four sources significantly contributing to the observed PM2.5 were: soil dust and fugitive dust,biomass burning,vehicle emissions and secondary nitrate/sulfate,with the contributions of 14.3%,28.0%,24.0% and 31.3% to PM2.5 mass concentration,respectively.These four sources exhibited distinct seasonal patterns:the relative contribution of biomass burning to total PM2.5 was relatively high for all seasons; the relative contribution of soil dust and fugitive dust increased significantly during spring; vehicle emissions contributed significantly during summer; and the highest relative contribution to PM2.5 during autumn and winter was secondary nitrate/sulfate factor.
Quantifying structural change in UK woodland canopies with a dual-wavelength full-waveform terrestrial laser scanner

Vegetation structure provides a direct link between forest ecosystem productivity and earth-atmosphere fluxes, and is both a result and driver of these interactions. Therefore, the ability to collect objective, quantitative and three-dimensional measurements of vegetation structure is essential, particularly in light of climate change. However, a significant challenge still remains as to how to best measure changes in forests and prepare for future climatic scenarios. Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) has shown its potential to provide such measurements, offering a new approach to monitoring how forest systems change through time and space. The overall aim of this thesis was to improve the characterisation of the seasonal dynamics of UK woodland vegetation structure using the Salford Advanced Laser Canopy Analyser (SALCA), a research TLS with dual-wavelength full-waveform capabilities. There were three key objectives to this research: (1) the development of a radiometric calibration for the SALCA instrument to produce an apparent reflectance product, (2) the separation of SALCA point clouds into leaf and wood on a tree and plot scale using dual-wavelength lidar, and (3) the examination of the seasonal dynamics of vegetation structure in a range of UK forest types. To address these objectives, two field campaigns were conducted. SALCA measurements of artificial reflectance targets were acquired from both field campaigns to generate a calibration dataset to address Objective 1. The two field campaigns comprised a tree-scale validation experiment at Alice Holt Forest (to address Objective 2), and a multi-temporal monitoring experiment using SALCA and hemispherical photography at Delamere Forest in five different plots (to address Objective 3). Key findings relating to Objective 1 have highlighted the complexities of SALCA intensity response, such as the effect of internal temperature. As a result, a novel approach to radiometric calibration was developed using artificial neural networks which produced an apparent reflectance product with measured accuracy comparable with other approaches. A key conclusion of this research relating to Objective 2, is that dual-wavelength TLS has the potential to aid separation of leaf and wood material. However, there still remain significant ecological, instrumental, and processing challenges to be overcome. Temporally and vertically resolved plot measurements have provided a quantitative analysis of foliage dynamics to address Objective 3 and results have shown how this differences between species. The research presented in this thesis has explored the use of dual-wavelength full-waveform TLS for improved characterisation of forest vegetation. Future research priorities should focus on the radiometric calibration and investigation of other methods for leaf-wood separation to extend and complement this research.
Internacionalización desde la teoría de recursos y capacidades: caso verde Baková

En un mundo globalizado en el que los mercados están en constante movimiento y con industrias cada vez más dinámicas es necesario que las empresas adopten estrategias para su supervivencia, siendo la internacionalización una de las más utilizadas. Sin embargo, la entrada de una organización al mercado internacional no asegurará su éxito si esta no cuenta con una ventaja competitiva que lo haga sobresalir, es por ello por lo que resulta de importancia la teoría de recursos y capacidades, que brinda a la empresa una visión de las características explotables para generar una. Debido a esto, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue la identificación de los recursos y capacidades de una empresa que se plantea iniciar el proceso de internacionalización, para ello se aplicó un estudio modular diseñado por Fong (2017), con el que se identificó la originalidad de los productos como fuente de ventaja competitiva y la aplicación del Modelo Uppsala como estrategia para la internacionalización. Verde Bakova es una microempresa que cuenta con características particulares que pueden ser aprovechadas para generar una ventaja competitiva en el mercado internacional.
Modeling cosmic ray neutron field measurements

The cosmic ray neutron method was developed for intermediate‐scale soil moisture detection, but may potentially be used for other hydrological applications. The neutron signal of different hydrogen pools is poorly understood and separating them is difficult based on neutron measurements alone. Including neutron transport modeling may accommodate this shortcoming. However, measured and modeled neutrons are not directly comparable. Neither the scale nor energy ranges are equivalent, and the exact neutron energy sensitivity of the detectors is unknown. Here a methodology to enable comparability of the measured and modeled neutrons is presented. The usual cosmic ray soil moisture detector measures moderated neutrons by means of a proportional counter surrounded by plastic, making it sensitive to epithermal neutrons. However, that configuration allows for some thermal neutrons to be measured. The thermal contribution can be removed by surrounding the plastic with a layer of cadmium, which absorbs neutrons with energies below 0.5 eV. Likewise, cadmium shielding of a bare detector allows for estimating the epithermal contribution. First, the cadmium difference method is used to determine the fraction of thermal and epithermal neutrons measured by the bare and plastic‐shielded detectors, respectively. The cadmium difference method results in linear correction models for measurements by the two detectors, and has the greatest impact on the neutron intensity measured by the moderated detector at the ground surface. Next, conversion factors are obtained relating measured and modeled neutron intensities. Finally, the methodology is tested by modeling the neutron profiles at an agricultural field site and satisfactory agreement to measurements is found.
Biocholine- An Alternative to Synthetic Choline in Broiler Production

Choline is present in the feed ingredients as well as synthesized in the body of the broilers. But, this may not be sufficient to meet their requirements for physiological functions, optimum performance and lowering the body fat content. This warrants the exogenous supplementation of choline in diet. This can be done through synthetic choline chloride or through choline present in natural herbs (BioCholine). The inimitable characteristics of BioCholine over synthetic choline have been highlighted in this paper. Various studies that compare the performance of broilers fed on synthetic choline chloride vis-A -vis BioCholine have also been discussed. BioCholine has proved to be more efficacious in improving the performance of broilers in terms of growth, feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Additionally, BioCholine reduces liver fat and body fat (abdominal fat) better than with choline chloride and thus, prevent occurrence of fatty liver syndrome (FLS) and perosis. Various discrepancies encountered in these parameters have also been discussed.
Cutibacterium acnes antibiotic production shapes niche competition in the human skin microbiome

The composition of the skin microbiome varies widely among individuals sampled at the same body site. A key question is which molecular factors determine strain-level variability within sub-ecosystems of the skin. We used a genomics-guided approach to identify an antibacterial biosynthetic gene cluster in Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) that is widely distributed across individuals and skin sites. Experimental characterization of this cluster enabled the identification of a new thiopeptide antibiotic, cutimycin. Analysis of individual human skin hair follicles showed that cutimycin is an important factor regulating colonization resistance against Staphylococcus species. One Sentence Summary Cutimycin, a thiopeptide antibiotic produced by a widespread skin commensal, reduces Staphylococcus colonization of human follicles.
Nitrogen and Water Quality

3.1 The Nitrogen Cycle 3.1.1 Mineralization and Immobilization 3.1.2 Plant N Uptake 3.1.3 Leaching and Surface Runoff 3.1.4 Ammonia Volatilization and Denitrification 3.2 Sources of Groundwater Contamination 3.2. 1 Fertilizers 3.2. 2 Livestock Wastes 3.2. 3 Land Application of Manures, Sludges, and Wastewater 3.3 Sources of Surface Water Contamination 3.3.1 Fertilizers 3.3.2 Animal Wastes 3.3.3 Land Application of Manures and Sludges 3.4 Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions 3.5 Riparian Zone Processes 3.6 Effect of Tillage On Fate And Transport of Nitrogen 3.6. 1 Surface Water 3.6. 2 Groundwater 3.7 Whole Farm Nitrogen Budgets 3.8 Nitrogen and Water Management Practices to Reduce Nonpont Source Pollution 3.8. 1 Nitrogen Management Practices 3.8. 1.1 Accounting For All Sources 3.8. 1.2 Realistic Yield Goals 3.8. 1.3 Amounts of Nitrogen To Apply 3.8. 1.4 Timing of Application 3.8. 1.5 Calibration of Equipment 3.8. 1.6 Early Season Soil And Plant Nitrate Tests 3.8. 1.7 Nitrification Inhibitors 3.8. 1.8 Leaf Chlorophyll Meters 3
Comparative Evaluation of the Sealing Ability of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA)-Based, Resin-Based, and Zinc Oxide Eugenol Root Canal Sealers: An In Vitro Study

Root canal therapy is a crucial procedure in endodontics that is done to achieve complete obliteration of the root canal space. The success of this therapy depends on achieving a proper seal, which is facilitated using root canal sealers. This study aimed to compare the apical sealing ability of three different root canal sealers: MTA Fillapex, AH Plus, and zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE), using the dye penetration method. Forty freshly extracted single-rooted human maxillary incisors were collected and prepared for the study. The root canals were instrumented using the ProTaper system, and the canals were then obturated using the lateral condensation technique with the respective sealers. After one week of storage, the samples were coated with nail varnish, immersed in a rhodamine B dye solution, and then sectioned longitudinally. The depth of dye penetration was measured, and the results were analyzed statistically. The results revealed significant differences in apical leakage among the three experimental groups. Group 2 (AH Plus) showed the minimum leakage with a mean of 0.13 mm, while Group 4 (no sealer) exhibited the maximum leakage with a mean of 4.49 mm. Group 3 (ZOE) showed an intermediate level of leakage with a mean of 2.37 mm. The statistical analysis confirmed the significant difference in mean leakage among the groups. The findings of this study indicate that AH Plus exhibited superior apical sealing ability compared to MTA Fillapex and ZOE. AH Plus is a resin-based sealer known for its dimensional stability. On the other hand, MTA Fillapex, a newly introduced sealer containing mineral trioxide aggregate, resin, and silica, showed promising sealing properties but had slightly higher leakage compared to AH Plus. ZOE, a traditional sealer, demonstrated relatively higher leakage than the other sealers. In conclusion, choosing a root canal sealer is crucial in achieving a successful endodontic treatment outcome. AH Plus demonstrated superior apical sealing ability among the three sealers tested. Further research and long-term clinical studies are warranted to validate these findings and assess the impact of sealer choice on treatment outcomes and post-endodontic healing.
Sunlight to Sustainability: A Comprehensive Analysis of Solar Energy's Environmental Impact and Potential

The study navigates the intricate landscape of solar energy, examining its historical foundations, environmental implications, economic viability, and transformative innovations. The study begins by elucidating the fundamentals of solar energy, exploring the principles of photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies. Subsequent chapters delve into the environmental footprint of photovoltaic technologies, revealing life cycle assessments and considerations for sustainability. The economic dynamics of solar energy are scrutinized, assessing market forces, government policies, and financial metrics. Innovation takes center stage in the final chapter, exploring advancements shaping the solar landscape. Major findings underscore the promising trajectory of solar energy, positioning it as a dynamic force in the global pursuit of sustainability. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for ongoing research, technological innovation, and strategic planning to fully unlock solar energy's potential in the transition towards a sustainable future.
Machinery Adoption and Its Effect on Maize Productivity among Smallholder Farmers in Western Kenya: Evidence from the Chisel Harrow Tillage Practice

A major component of contemporary agriculture is machinery. Nonetheless, in Kenya and other African nations, the rate of adoption of agricultural machinery remains quite low. Understanding the fundamental causes and their impacts on agricultural output is crucial. Using data collected from a household survey of 1,499 farmers in Western Kenya, this study employed the endogenous switching regression model to examine the use of chisel harrows and their effects on maize production. Results show that the adoption of the chisel harrow was positively impacted by factors such as farm size, credit accessibility, gender, extension contact, and education attainment, while factors such as age and market proximity had a negative impact. The yield per hectare was higher for adopters than for non-adopters. According to the counterfactual analysis results, those who utilized chisel harrow tools were able to achieve a higher yield (1512 kg/ha) than they would have if they had not used the equipment (1099 kg/ha). The average maize yield per hectare increased by 413 kg and 217 kg for adopters and non-adopters, respectively, when chisel harrows were used. It is concluded that while training and field demonstrations may also be held to increase farmers’ understanding of the benefits of the chisel harrow, encouraging farmers to adopt the tool has the potential to improve low production in the surveyed regions.
Analysis of Capital Structure and Profitability on Firm Value of Companies Listed on the Sharia Stock List

Purpose: This study aims to analyse the capital structure and profitability on the firm value on the Sharia Stock List. Methodology: This study uses independent variables of capital structure, namely Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and profitability (ROE). The dependent variable is firm value as measured by Tobin's Q variable. The research method is descriptive quantitative research using hypothesis testing. Findings: The results of this study are the capital structure variable partially has a negative and significant effect on firm value. Profitability variable partially has a negative and significant effect on firm value. Novelty: Researcher try to identify and further examine the effect of capital structure and profitability on the value of Sharia Stock List.