Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Broca's cerebral asymmetry reflects gestural communication's lateralisation in monkeys (Papio anubis)

Manual gestures and speech recruit a common neural network, involving Broca’s area in the left hemisphere. Such speech-gesture integration gave rise to theories on the critical role of manual gesturing in the origin of language. Within this evolutionary framework, research on gestural communication in our closer primate relatives has received renewed attention for investigating its potential language-like features. Here, using in vivo anatomical MRI in 50 baboons, we found that communicative gesturing is related to Broca homologue’s marker in monkeys, namely the ventral portion of the Inferior Arcuate sulcus (IA sulcus). In fact, both direction and degree of gestural communication’s handedness – but not handedness for object manipulation are associated and correlated with contralateral depth asymmetry at this exact IA sulcus portion. In other words, baboons that prefer to communicate with their right hand have a deeper left-than-right IA sulcus, than those preferring to communicate with their left hand and vice versa. Interestingly, in contrast to handedness for object manipulation, gestural communication’s lateralisation is not associated to the Central sulcus depth asymmetry, suggesting a double dissociation of handedness’ types between manipulative action and gestural communication. It is thus not excluded that this specific gestural lateralisation signature within the baboons’ frontal cortex might reflect a phylogenetical continuity with language-related Broca lateralisation in humans.
THREE DIMENSIONAL FLASH FLOW MICROREACTOR FOR SCALE UP PRODUCTION OF MONODISPERSE PEG-PLGA NANOPARTICLES

We present for the first time the production of PEG-PLGA nanoparticles in a ~10 gram-scale (g/h) using pressure tolerant 3D parallel microfluidic system, and termed as a 3D flash flow microreactor (3DFFM) system. The 3D-FFM system enables reproducible synthesis of polymer nanoparticles without aggregation under fast flow rate with higher ratio of polymer precursor to solvent (~0.43), yielding 12.9 g/h production rate of monodisperse PEG-PLGA nanoparticles.
The Role of ATP-binding Cassette Transporter Genes Expression for Treatment Failure in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Background: Leishmaniasis is one of the common diseases transmitted by sand flies in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Currently, antimonal derivatives are the first line of treatment. Some of the members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of Leishmania are shown to be associated with resistance to antimonial. In this study, we evaluated ABCI4, ABCG2, ABCC7, and ABCC3 gene expression in Leishmania isolated from patients with non-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis. Results: Five cases were treatment failure that all of them were identified as L. major. All treatment failure clinical isolates were L. major. Gene expression analysis in treatment failure isolates showed that the ABC transported genes had a different pattern in each isolate. ABCC7 had overexpression in all isolates. Among the treatment failure isolates, only one sample had overexpression in all ABC transporter genes under study. Conclusions: Treatment failure has been reported for cutaneous leishmaniasis worldwide. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of treatment failure could solve this problem. ABC transporter genes are considered controversy over the mechanisms of treatment failure outcomes. In this study, we showed that ABC transporter genes could be considered one the important mechanisms.
Effect of increasing dietary calcium through supplements and dairy food on body weight and body composition: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

This meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials assessed the effect of Ca on body weight and body composition through supplementation or increasing dairy food intake. Forty-one studies met the inclusion criteria (including fifty-one trial arms; thirty-one with dairy foods (n 2091), twenty with Ca supplements (n 2711). Ca intake was approximately 900 mg/d higher in the supplement groups compared with control. In the dairy group, Ca intake was approximately 1300 mg/d. Ca supplementation did not significantly affect body weight (mean change ( − 0·17, 95 % CI − 0·70, 0·37) kg) or body fat (mean change ( − 0·19, 95 % CI − 0·51, 0·13) kg) compared to control. Similarly, increased dairy food intake did not affect body weight ( − 0·06, 95 % CI − 0·54, 0·43) kg or body fat change ( − 0·36, 95 % CI − 0·80, 0·09) kg compared to control. Sub-analyses revealed that dairy supplementation resulted in no change in body weight (nineteen studies, n 1010) ( − 0·32, 95 % CI − 0·93, 0·30 kg, P= 0·31), but a greater reduction in body fat (thirteen studies, n 564) ( − 0·96, 95 % CI − 1·46, − 0·46 kg, P < 0·001) in the presence of energy restriction over a mean of 4 months compared to control. Increasing dietary Ca intake by 900 mg/d as supplements or increasing dairy intake to approximately 3 servings daily (approximately 1300 mg of Ca/d) is not an effective weight reduction strategy in adults. There is, however, an indication that approximately 3 servings of dairy may facilitate fat loss on weight reduction diets in the short term.
Upper Devonian goniatites and co-occurring conodonts from the Holy Cross Mountains: studies of the Polish Geological Institute collections

A revision of a major part of the old collections of Upper Devonian goniatites from the Holy Cross Mts. , collected by J. Czarnocki, H. Makowski and M. Ro? kowska, is presented. Described and illustrated are 26 species and subspecies belonging to 20 genera and subgenera and 9 families. Studied and illustrated for the first time are 35 suture lines and 15 growth lines. Conodonts, mostly collected from the parent rocks of the studied goniatites, allow for a more precise correlation of these goniatites with standard ammonoid and conodont zonations. The museum collections studied incude specimens mostly of all standard Upper Frasnian through Famennian ammonoid zonations, but the precise zonal boundaries could not be established. Goniatite assemblages from the P3ucki and Janczyce sections correspond to the linguiformis and Upper crepida conodont zones, respectively. Moreover, four conodont zones have been distinguished in the £agow (Dule) section: Upper crepida/rhomboidea, Lower marginifera, Lower/Upper marginifera and trachytera zones. This last zone has been recognised here for the first
Does syncope require rhythmic and non-rhythmic evaluation in patients with previous MI?

Background Multiple factors, in addition to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) influence the risk of mortality in coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the main causes of syncope after myocardial infarction (MI) and to propose an algorithm of management. Methods 356 patients consecutively admitted for syncope and history of MI (>1 month), without ventricular tachycardia (VT), underwent echocardiography, Holter monitoring, head-up tilt test, exercise testing, signal-averaged ECG, electrophysiological study (EPS) and evaluation of coronary status. The mean follow-up was 4±2 years. Results Monomorphic VT, ventricular flutter or fibrillation (VF) and supraventricular tachyarrhythmia were respectively induced at EPS in 87, 63 and 39 patients; conduction disturbances were noted in 23 patients, and 57 patients had several abnormalities. Among the 144 patients with negative EPS, coronary ischaemia was identified in 37 patients, and hypervagotonia in 27 patients. All studies remain negative in 84 patients (23.6%), more frequently women (p<0.001). Four patients died suddenly during follow-up. A longer QRS duration, a lower LVEF and grade IVa,b of Lown on Holter ECG were associated with the induction of VT. LVEF<40% and VT/VF induction were predictors of cardiac mortality, VT was a predictor of sudden death, and low LVEF and advanced age were predictors of death by heart failure. Conclusion Myocardial ischaemia, hypervagotonia, conduction abnormalities, ventricular or supraventricular tachyarrhythmias were identified in 76% of patients with syncope after MI. Several factors of syncope were found in 57 patients (16%). Non-invasive rhythmological and systematic coronary status assessment should be recommended in patients with syncope following MI.
Chinese herbal injections for heart failure

Background: Chinese herbal injections (CHIs) are commonly used for the treatment of heart failure in China. Due to the variety of CHIs used in clinic, selecting a suitable CHI for patients with heart failure is vital. This study aims to assess and compare the effect of different CHIs for heart failure using network meta-analysis (NMA). Methods: Six electronic databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database will be search from inception to January 2018. Randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing CHI with another CHI will be included. The primary outcome will be changes in heart function classification and left ventricular ejection fraction. Risk of bias assessment of the included RCTs will be conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook 5.1. 0. A Bayesian NMA will be performed using WinBUGS 14 software and the result figures will be generated using Stata 13 software. GRADE will be used to explore the quality of evidence. Results: The results of this NMA will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Conclusion: Our study will generate evidence of CHIs for patients with heart failure and provide suggestions for Chinese medicine clinical practice or guideline. Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval and patient consent are not required because this study is an NMA based solely on the published literature. The results of this NMA will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. Protocol registration number: PROSPERO CRD 42018086740
Screening for Groundwater Contaminants Discharging to Urban Streams

In urban and industrialized areas, groundwater-quality impacts to surface-water ecosystems have been generally detected as a consequence of land-based investigations of groundwater contamination. Beyond the local scale, there have been few studies that have examined the nature and extent of contaminant loading to aquatic ecosystems from groundwater discharge. In this preliminary study, we report on an approach to screening urban streams at the reachscale for a range of contaminants in discharging groundwater. Both known and previously-unknown groundwater contaminant plumes were detected and roughly delineated in each of the three streams tested, using this screening methodology. These preliminary findings suggest that this approach may be useful for assessing cumulative effects of contaminated groundwater discharging to surface water ecosystems. RÉSUMÉ Dans les régions urbaines et industrialisées, les impacts de la qualité de l’eau souterraine sur les écosystèmes d’eau de surface ont été, de façon générale, constatés à la suite d’enquêtes sur le terrain menées consécutivement à une contamination de l’eau souterraine. Abstraction faite de celles effectuées l’échelle locale, peu d’études ont été entreprises pour examiner la nature et l’étendue de la charge des contaminants provenant des vidanges de nappe souterraine dans les écosystèmes aquatiques. Dans la présente étude préliminaire, nous nous appuyons sur une approche qui consiste à examiner ruisseaux en milieu urbain à l’échelle du secteur pour une variété de contaminants se trouvant dans des vidanges de nappe souterraine. À partir de la présente méthodologie d’évaluation, les panaches de contamination de l’eau souterraine, dont certains étaient connus et d’autres étaient jusqu’ici inconnus, ont été détectés et schématiquement délimités dans chacun des ruisseaux. Ces constations préliminaires suggèrent que cette approche pourrait s’avérer utile pour évaluer les impacts cumulatifs des vidanges d’eau souterraine contaminée dans les écosystèmes d’eau de surface.
Superficial Deep Subcutaneous Tissue: Sex-Specific Associations with Hepatic Steatosis and Metabolic

OBJECTIVE Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is not homogeneous, as the fascia scarpa separates the deep SAT (dSAT) from the superficial SAT (sSAT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the sex-specific associations of sSAT and dSAT with hepatic steatosis and the metabolic syndrome in overweight individuals. METHODS We recruited 285 individuals with a BMI≥27 kg/m 2 , aged 55-81 years. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging was performed around level L4-L5 to measure VAT, dSAT and sSAT volumes. The amount of hepatic fat was quantified by MR spectroscopy. In men, dSAT is associated with hepatic steatosis and adverse metabolic traits, such as lower HDL-cholesterol levels; while in women with obesity sSAT shows a beneficial relation with respect to hepatic fat content. The images acquired were retrieved from the MR scanner and analyzed with software developed in the IDL 6.0 environment, called HIPPO FAT (version 1.3, V. Positano) (25). Due to the T1-weighting, fatty tissues are represented with signal intensity in these images. VAT, SAT, dSAT and sSAT volumes were measured on 8 separate slices, with an interslice distance of 5 mm, around the L4-L5 intervertebrate level. HIPPO FAT automatically generates three contour lines at each image provided by an active fuzzy clustering algorithm (26) that allowed the separation of SAT from VAT: (1) along the outer margin of the SAT, (2) along the inner margin of the SAT and (3) around the smallest possible region in the visceral region that included all VAT. A histogram of signal intensities in the VAT region was provided, in which a Gaussian curve automatically fitted the high-intensity peak, which identified the visceral fat.
A high‐resolution ammonia emission inventory in China

The existence of gas‐phase ammonia (NH3) in the atmosphere and its interaction with other trace chemical species could have a substantial impact on tropospheric chemistry and global climate change. China is a large agricultural country with an enormous animal population, tremendous nitrogen fertilizer consumption and, consequently, a large emission of NH3. Despite the importance of NH3 in the global nitrogen (N) cycle, considerable inaccuracies and uncertainty exist regarding its emission in China. In this study, a comprehensive NH3 emission inventory was compiled for China on a 1 km × 1 km grid, which is suitable for input to atmospheric models. We attempted to estimate NH3 emissions accurately by taking into consideration as many native experiment results as possible and parameterizing the emission factors (EFs) by the ambient temperature, soil acidity and other factors. The total NH3emission in China was approximately 9.8 Tg in 2006. The emission sources considered included livestock excreta (5.3 Tg), fertilizer application (3.2 Tg), agricultural soil (0.2 Tg), nitrogen‐fixing plants (0.05 Tg), crop residue compost (0.3 Tg), biomass burning (0.1 Tg), urine from rural populations (0.2 Tg), chemical industry (0.2 Tg), waste disposal (0.1 Tg) and traffic (0.1 Tg). The regions with the highest emission rates are located in Central and Southwest China. Seasonally, the peak ammonia emissions occur in spring and summer.
PREDIKSI EROSI PADA LAHAN PERTANIAN DI SUB DAS KRUENG SIMPO PROVINSI ACEH

ABSTRACT Erosion on agricultural land decreased production of agriculture, and it will decline the incomes of farmers. The aims of the research is to predict erosion and Etol at each units of land at Krueng Simpo Sub watershed that is used as agricultural land. The method use in the research is survey method that consist three fase namely, preparation and ground check the map units of land to determine the units of observation, and predict erosion using USLE model. The result shows that use of cultural land at Krueng Simpo Sub watershed causes erosion on monoculture of agricultural land (90,92 tone/ha/year) has exceeded Etol (31,80 tone/ha/year). Therefore, improvement, changes in cropping patterns, and application of alternative agrotechnology to minimize predictive value erosion that will accur, and enhance the agricultural corservation.
Correlation analysis of carotid plaque in young patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio

Objective Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have been reported to be related to atherosclerosis. The relationship between PLR, NLR, and carotid atherosclerotic plaque in young patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes has not been clinically reported. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between PLR, NLR, and carotid plaques in young patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Method The total 268 patients were divided into the intima-media–thickening (IMT) group (116 cases) and plaque group (152 cases). The plaque group was divided into grade I (62 cases), grade II (47 cases), and grade III groups (43 cases). The counts of platelets, neutrophils, and lymphocytes were determined. Results The diagnostic effect of PLR and NLR was evaluated by the receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) and areas under the curve (AUC). The PLR and NLR values in the observation group were higher than those in the control group; these two values in the plaque group were also higher than those in the IMT group. The two values in the grade III plaque group were higher than those in grade II. The values in the grade II plaque group were also higher than those in the grade I plaque group. The ROC of PLR and NLR were 0.722 and 0.653, and the AUC of PLR and NLR were 111.086 and 2.240. PLR yielded a sensitivity of 0.789 and a specificity of 0.612. Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio yielded a sensitivity of 0.809 and a specificity of 0.511. Conclusion The PLR and NLR may be related to carotid inflammation in patients and positively correlated with carotid plaque.
Spiritual peace predicts 5-year mortality in congestive heart failure patients.

OBJECTIVE Spirituality is favorably related to depression, quality of life, hospitalizations, and other important outcomes in congestive heart failure (CHF) patients but has not been examined as a predictor of mortality risk in this population. Given the well-known difficulties in managing CHF, we hypothesized that spirituality would be associated with lower mortality risk, controlling for baseline demographics, functional status, health behaviors, and religiousness. METHOD Participants were 191 CHF patients (64% male; M age = 68.6 years, SD = 10.1) who completed a baseline survey and were then followed for 5 years. RESULTS Nearly 1/3 of the sample (32%) died during the study period. Controlling for demographics and health status, smoking more than doubled the risk of mortality, whereas alcohol consumption was associated with slightly lower risk of mortality. Importantly, adherence to healthy lifestyle recommendations was associated with halved mortality risk. Although both religion and spirituality were associated with better health behaviors at baseline in bivariate analyses, a proportional hazard model showed that only spirituality was significantly associated with reduced mortality risk (by 20%), controlling for demographics, health status, and health behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Experiencing spiritual peace, along with adherence to a healthy lifestyle, were better predictors of mortality risk in this sample of CHF patients than were physical health indicators such as functional status and comorbidity. Future research might profitably examine the efficacy of attending to spiritual issues along with standard lifestyle interventions.
Remote mineral aerosols in Westerlies and their contributions to the Chinese loess

The concentrations of 28 trace and rare earth elements in the aerosol particle samples were determined for a site at 4800m above the sea level on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The mass of the particulate materials in the mid-troposphere atmosphere over this site is dominated by local dust particles (70%) and remote ones in Westerlies (25%). On the basis of the main dust-derived elements (Al, Fe, Mg and Sc) and corresponding data from the Chinese deserts, an elemental tracer system has been established to proportion the dust input to the loess deposited on the center of the Loess Plateau during the last glacial cyde, which suggests that the contribution of the remote dust in Westerlies is much smaller than that of the Chinese deserts.
The mediating role of sense of coherence on mental health outcomes in carers of older dependent relatives: a longitudinal study. The mediating role of sense of coherence in carers of older relatives.

Background: Sense of coherence (SOC) is an important protective factor for carer well-being but research to date remains cross-sectional, focusing primarily on the direct effects of SOC on carers’ mental health. The study’s aim was to investigate the mediating role of SOC in the longitudinal relationship between caregiver strain and carers’ psychological health, and its stability over time. Methods: Prospective longitudinal study conducted in Jaén (Spain) with a probabilistic sample of 132 carers of older people, with data collected at baseline and at one-year follow-up. We measured SOC, caregiver strain, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and several care recipient characteristics and intensity of care provided. We used multiple linear regression modelling and the Sobel test to analyse mediation effects. Results: SOC was significantly negatively longitudinally associated with both anxiety (β= -0.38, p= 0.001) and depressive symptoms (β= -0.28, p= 0.023), after controlling for several confounders. SOC mediated both the relationship between caregiver strain and anxiety and caregiver strain and depressive symptoms (Sobel test; p< 0.001 for anxiety and p< 0.001 for depressive symptoms). Differences between baseline and one-year follow-up SOC scores were not statistically significant (p= 0.617). Conclusions: SOC appears to buffer the impact of caregiver strain on symptoms of depression and anxiety in informal carers of older people. Our data showed that SOC is an important psychological resource for carers that remained relatively stable under non-experimental conditions over a period of one year in this sample. Findings suggest that interventions aimed at strengthening SOC may protect carer psychological well-being. Our results provide further support for coping theories positing that carers with high SOC are less likely to experience high levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms over time. According to theoretical models proposed by Lazarus, Folkman 49 , stress and its negative consequences occur when an individual assesses potentially stressful situations as a threat to which the person cannot respond to. Our data support previous theory and research on the important role of SOC as a key psychological resource supporting carers’ resilience and ability to cope with stressors, which in turn protects their psychological health 50, 51 . , ,
Global trends in extremal microseism intensity

Globally ubiquitous seismic background noise peaks near 7 and 14 s period are generated via distinct mechanisms that transfer storm‐generated gravity wave energy to the seismic wave field. We utilize continuous digital ground motion data recorded by the Global Seismographic Network and precursor instrumentation to chronicle microseism power extreme events for 1972–2009. Because most land‐observed microseism surface‐wave energy is generated at or near coasts, microseism metrics are particularly relevant to assessing changes in coastal ocean wave energy. Extreme microseism winter storm season event counts reveal the widespread influence of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Individual station and ensemble slopes trend positive for this study period for Northern Hemisphere stations. The double‐frequency microseism is particularly volatile, suggesting that the weaker single‐frequency microseism directly generated by ocean swell at coasts is likely a more representative seismic proxy for broad‐scale ocean wave energy estimation.