Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurements of internal wave band eddy fluxes above a sloping bottom

The boundary layer near a sloping bottom may have a major influence on the ocean’s interior density structure (due to “boundary mixing”) and on its circulation (because of the arrest of the Ekman layer by buoyancy forces). As a first attempt to measure eddy fluxes of momentum and buoyancy, in order to quantify the mixing in this region, we have carried out a S-day pilot experiment on a sloping side of Emerald Basin on the Scotian Shelf. A moored upward-looking 1.2 MHz ADCP and a thermistor chain mounted along its vertical axis returned analyzable data between 8 and 17 m above the bottom at one-minute intervals. An extensive set of microstructure profiles was also obtained. The predominantly tidal flow regime causes the bottom boundary layer thickness to vary between 3 < z < 30 m, with most high frequency activity during the upslope phase. A bottom-normal momentum flux significantly different from zero is found in the crossisobath direction only. The main contribution comes from a band near the buoyancy frequency N, possibly indicative of advective or Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. When cast in terms of mean-flow shear, the stress yields an eddy viscosity A = 9 x 10e3 m* s-l within the boundary layer and twice this value at z = 15 m, the average height of the pycnocline that caps the boundary layer. The buoyancy flux also seems to be dominated by fluctuating signals near N, but is countergradient and only significantly different from zero at a height of about 15 m. The associated restratification occurs in short periods of approximately one hour when isotherms rise rapidly. Indirect evidence for the importance of the tertiary circulation within the boundary layer is found from the gradient of stress divergence and the mean bottom-normal velocity. An approximate turbulent kinetic energy balance has been investigated, with the currents split into three parts (mean, tidal, and the high frequency part of the internal waveband (“turbulence”)). Production balances viscous dissipation within a factor of 2. Turbulent kinetic energy production by interaction between the turbulent Reynolds stress and the mean flow shear and tidal shear are of the same order of magnitude, but the buoyancy term appears to be of equal importance at the pycnocline.
Research Progress on Source,Impact and Control Measurements of Particulate Matter in the Urban Air

Influenced by industrialization and urbanization, lots of sources of particulate matter(PM) in the urban area. As the problem of PM in urban air has attracted increased concern, PM poses a threat to human health. Summarize the source and component of PM and its effects to human health, visibility and climate change. Focus on the strategies to control the source of PM and the important role plays by vegetation to removal PM from polluted air. Points out the problems in current studies of PM(1)researches are needed on the source and its contribution to PM, and composition of PM;(2)The pathogenic mechanism of particulate matter is unclear;(3)paucity of research on the vegetation's removing effect. The suggestions are that more efforts should be implemented on researching the source appiontment and disease-causing organisms of PM, and establishing a complete monitor and control system, working out control measures suitable to our national conditions.
Functional identification of the calcineurin B-like protein PavCBL4 in modulating salt tolerance in sweet cherry

Abiotic stresses, such as high salinity, pose a significant threat to plant growth and development, reducing crop yield and quality. Calcineurin B-like (CBL) proteins serve as crucial calcium sensors in plant responses to diverse environmental stresses. However, the CBL family in sweet cherry has not been identified at the genome-wide level, and the regulatory role of CBL proteins in cherry plants’ salt response is unclear. Here, we identified 10 CBL family genes (PavCBLs) from the Prunus avium genome and cloned seven of them. We comprehensively analyzed PavCBL genes for collinearity, phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, and conserved motifs. Expression analysis revealed significant induction of transcription under abiotic stress, with PavCBL4 displaying the most substantial expression change. Additionally, we identified PavCBL4 as a PavSOS2 (Salt Overly Sensitive 2)-interacting protein through Y2H and Split-LUC assays. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that PavCBL4 is present in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Functional assessment of PavCBL4 in the PavCBL4-overexpressing transgenic ‘Gisela 6’ plants showed its positive role in enhancing salt tolerance in cherry plants. Measurements of Na+ content and antioxidant enzyme activity under salt stress indicated that PavCBL4 functions positively by inhibiting Na+ accumulation and promoting ROS scavenging in response to salt stress. These findings lay the groundwork for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PavCBL-mediated salt tolerance in sweet cherry.
Real-world national trends and influencing factors preference of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in China

Backgrounds Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been recommended as the first choice over warfarin for non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). However, there is limited data about their usage in mainland China. Methods Prescriptions of patients diagnosed with AF and containing OACs were extracted from Hospital Prescription Cooperation Project from January 2016 to March 2021. The primary outcome was the changing percentage of different OACs. The secondary outcomes were frequencies as well as factors with the choice of different OACs and dosage of NOACs. Univariate and Multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to explore possible factors. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS software (Version 9.4). Results Among the 220,083 distinct prescriptions diagnosed with AF and prescribed with OACs, the percentage of NOACs increased over years, exceeding warfarin in 2018. Until March 2021, 83.53% of included patients were prescribed with NOACs. Rivaroxaban (62.25%) and dabigatran (37.65%) were the most commonly prescribed NOACs. Low dosage was common for NOACs (44.54%), this was mainly driven by rivaroxaban, 67.98% of which were low dosage. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that several factors were positively associated with the preference of low dosage, including outpatients (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.26–1.39), patients with hypertension (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.40–1.58), acute coronary syndrome (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.12–1.22), stroke (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.33–1.52), and kidney disease (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.34–1.97), as well as concomitantly using antiplatelet agents (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.40–1.66), and steroids (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.50–2.07). On the contrary, they were less common in health insurance holder (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.75–0.84), patients taking apixaban (vs. rivaroxaban, OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.18–0.81), dabigatran (vs. rivaroxaban, OR 0.01, 95% CI 0.01–0.01), edoxaban (vs. rivaroxaban, OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.23–0.55), diagnosed with heart failure (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.81–0.93), deep vein thrombosis (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.29–0.46), pulmonary embolism (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.28–0.43), and peripheral artery disease (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.55–0.85). Conclusion The usage of OACs for AF was overall complying with updated guidelines. Low dosage was common for NOACs, further studies were warranted to verify its effectiveness and explore the underlying mechanism.
Association between the sarcopenia index and abnormal liver function in the adult population in the United States: a cross-sectional study

Background The objective of this study was to explore the association between the sarcopenia index and abnormal liver function in adult individuals in the United States. Methodology This study employed a rigorous cross-sectional analysis of data derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2017 and 2018. The primary objective was to investigate the correlation between the sarcopenia index and abnormal liver function. To achieve this, an advanced multivariate regression model was utilized, allowing for comprehensive analysis and meticulous adjustment of relevant variables. To ensure the robustness of the findings, a visually appealing smooth curve was constructed, and a two-stage regression model was applied for validation. Additionally, a detailed gender-stratified analysis was conducted to further explore the association between the sarcopenia index and abnormal liver function within distinct subgroups. Results Through our rigorous participant selection process, a total of 1756 individuals were included in the study. The meticulously adjusted multivariate regression model revealed a significant negative association between the sarcopenia index and abnormal liver function, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.73 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 0.63 to 0.86. The robustness of this association was further supported by the visually appealing smooth curve plot. Moreover, in the gender-stratified subgroup analysis, after meticulous adjustment for confounding factors, notable differences in this association emerged (males: OR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.66–0.98; females: OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.47–0.79). Conclusion This cross-sectional study yields robust evidence indicating a negative correlation between the sarcopenia index and abnormal liver function, predominantly observed among females.
Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Bisphenol A and Alternatives: A Comprehensive In Silico Modelling Approach

Bisphenol A (BPA), a compound widely used in industrial applications, has raised concerns due to its environmental impact. As a key component in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins used in many consumer products, concerns about potential harm to human health and the environment are unavoidable. This study seeks to address these concerns by evaluating a range of potential BPA alternatives, focusing on their ecotoxicological properties. The research examines 76 bisphenols, including BPA derivatives, using a variety of in silico ecotoxicological models, although it should be noted that these models were not developed exclusively for this particular class of compounds. Consequently, interpretations should be made with caution. The results of this study highlight specific compounds of potential environmental concern and underscore the need to develop more specific models for BPA alternatives that will allow for more accurate and reliable assessment.
Study on the Effect of Oleic Acid-Induced Lipogenic Differentiation of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells in Yanbian Cattle and Related Mechanisms

Simple Summary Skeletal muscle satellite cells can be induced to differentiate into various cells under different conditions. The manipulation of adipogenesis during the stage critical for intramuscular adipocyte formation is expected to enhance marbling. However, oleic acid is a crucial player in regulating lipid metabolism and the formation of intramuscular marbling. In this study, the effects of different oleic acid concentrations on adipogenesis-induced differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells in vitro were selected. The results showed that oleic acid treatment could induce lipid droplet formation in the Yanbian bovine satellite cells. The expression of genes related to adipogenesis and fatty acid metabolism was upregulated, whereas that of genes related to muscle formation was downregulated. Oleic acid can induce Yanbian bovine star cells and promote cell lipid transdifferentiation. Abstract Skeletal muscle satellite cells have the ability to differentiate into various cells under different conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of oleic acid (50, 100, and 200 µmol/L) on the process of lipogenic transdifferentiation in Yanbian bovine satellite cells, as well as its molecular regulatory mechanism. After inducing differentiation with oleic acid for 96 h, it was observed that the addition of oleic acid resulted in the formation of lipid droplets in the bovine satellite cells, and the triglyceride content showed a dose-dependent relationship with the concentration of OA. qPCR results demonstrated a significant downregulation of myogenesis-related factors (Pax3 and MyoD) and upregulation of lipogenesis-related factors (C/EBP-β and PPARγ) (p < 0.05). Fatty acid metabolism-related factors, SCD and PLIN2, were also significantly upregulated (p < 0.05). These finding were consistent with the results obtained from Western blotting. Transcriptome sequencing analysis identified 278 differentially expressed genes between the control group and the groups treated with OA. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly concentrated in the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolic pathway. Our study presents that the OA induction of Yanbian bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells can promote cellular lipid transdifferentiation and reveals the potential genes and pathways related to OA induction of these satellite cells.
Multi-source contamination mapping on the ground: A novel approach

Multi-source contamination mapping is a critical aspect of radiation detection and environmental monitoring. This paper introduces an innovative algorithm for accurate and efficient multi-source contamination mapping. The algorithm comprises two main components: (1) search area identification and (2) source localization using a particle filter. The search area identification involves extrapolating directional measurements to create search areas, employing clustering algorithms to refine these areas, and generating final search areas based on weighted factors. The incorporation of directional measurements significantly enhances performance by reducing parameter search space of the particle filter and thus improving practical application potential. The particle filter-based source localization employs a four-stage process, involving generation of initial guesses, comparison of expected and acquired measurements, employing genetic algorithms for particle selection, and a convergence criterion. The algorithm’s efficacy is demonstrated through four simulated experimental scenarios, each with varying numbers and densities of point radioactive sources. Results illustrate successful search area identification and source localization with an average error of approximately 1 meter and source activity estimation of within 25% of the ground-truth values. Further improvements to the area clustering algorithm, improved mission planning for online applications, and extensive testing of the algorithm are planned in the future. With these improvements, the algorithm presented here could enhance the ability to respond to radioactive contamination incidents swiftly and effectively, ensure timely mapping of contaminated areas, and maintain human safety in the event of an incident.
Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna with Star Trek insignia-based side slot edge for ultra-wideband applications

This article presents a Vivaldi Antipodal Antenna (AVA) with lens and radiating side cavities based on the Star Trek insignia, called Star Trek Side Edge Radiation (STSER-AVA). The objective was to improve parameters to make the radiation of the proposed antenna more directive. To this aim, the development is focused on reducing the squint of the central radiation beam and the side lobe level (SLL), as well as increasing the gain compared to a Conventional AVA. To achieve the objective, using an optimized design. The proposed antenna with or without a lens reached the target with a squint of -2.0 degrees, at 3.90 GHz the antenna with a lens achieved better gain (9.42 dB), but with a greater reduction in SLL of -10.73 dB compared to the lens less antenna. The results were obtained with computational electromagnetic simulations and experimental measurements.
Smoking trends and health equity in Switzerland between 1992 and 2017: dependence of smoking prevalence on educational level and social determinants

Background Switzerland ranks among the top three healthcare systems in the world with regards to healthcare access, suggesting a high degree of health equity. However, Switzerland has few preventive strategies against smoking abuse. The aim of this study is to clarify whether educational level and citizenship status have an influence on the prevalence of smoking in Switzerland and whether there is health inequity related to a lack of preventive strategies. Methods We based our analysis on publicly available health data published in the Swiss government's Swiss health survey (1992–2017). We compared the prevalence of smoking across the years and correlated these data with levels of educational attainment, citizenship status and age. Results A continuous significant decline in smokers is observed in the highest education group (TERT). Over time, prevalence was reduced from 29% in 1992 to 23% in 2017 (p < 0.001). The intermediate-level educational group (SEK 2) showed smaller but also significant decline on a 0.05 sigificance level over the same period, from 31% to 29% (p = 0.003). The lowest educational group showed a nonsignificant decline from 28% to 27% (p = 0.6). The population who holds Swiss citizenship showed a decrease in smoking from 28% to 26% within the time frame (p < 0.001). People without Swiss citizenship had a much higher prevalence of smokers, at 38% in 1992 and declining to 32% in 2017 (p < 0.001). All cohorts from age 15 to age 64 have a far higher prevalence of smokers than cohorts at an older age, with the highest prevalence in the 25–34 age group. Conclusion In Switzerland, individuals with lower levels of education and non-Swiss populations are more susceptible to health risk of smoking. This is despite the existence of a high-quality healthcare system that has nevertheless failed to negated health inequities.
Enhanced representation learning with temporal coding in sparsely spiking neural networks

Current representation learning methods in Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) rely on rate-based encoding, resulting in high spike counts, increased energy consumption, and slower information transmission. In contrast, our proposed method, Weight-Temporally Coded Representation Learning (W-TCRL), utilizes temporally coded inputs, leading to lower spike counts and improved efficiency. To address the challenge of extracting representations from a temporal code with low reconstruction error, we introduce a novel Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP) rule. This rule enables stable learning of relative latencies within the synaptic weight distribution and is locally implemented in space and time, making it compatible with neuromorphic processors. We evaluate the performance of W-TCRL on the MNIST and natural image datasets for image reconstruction tasks. Our results demonstrate relative improvements of 53% for MNIST and 75% for natural images in terms of reconstruction error compared to the SNN state of the art. Additionally, our method achieves significantly higher sparsity, up to 900 times greater, when compared to related work. These findings emphasize the efficacy of W-TCRL in leveraging temporal coding for enhanced representation learning in Spiking Neural Networks.
Water and heat fluxes above a lowland dipterocarp forest in Peninsular Malaysia

We measured the fluxes of sensible and latent heat between a low‐land dipterocarp forest in Peninsular Malaysia and the atmosphere. No clear seasonal or interannual changes in latent heat flux were found from 2003 to 2005, while sensible heat flux sometimes fluctuated depending on the fluctuation of incoming radiation between wet and dry seasons. The evapotranspiration rates averaged for the period between 2003 and 2005 were 2·77 and 3·61 mm day−1 using eddy covariance data without and with an energy balance correction, respectively. Average precipitation was 4·74 mm day−1. Midday surface conductance decreased with an increasing atmospheric water vapour pressure deficit and thus restricted the excess water loss on sunny days in the dry season. However, the relationship between the surface conductance and vapour pressure deficit did not significantly decline with an increase in volumetric soil water content even during a period of extremely low rainfall. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation of Electrowetting-Induced Droplet Detachment: A Study of Droplet Oscillations on Solid Surfaces

The electrowetting-induced detachment of droplets from solid surfaces is important for numerous applications in the fields of heat transfer and fluid mechanics. The forced oscillations of droplets on solid surfaces and their ability to detach are studied. In this study, the process is efficiently simulated by implementing a powerful methodology developed by our team. Our results agree with experiments showing that optimal detachment, in terms of actuation energy, is achieved when the application of voltage is synchronized with the spreading time of the droplet. Under these conditions, the droplet oscillates with a period close to that of a mirrored Rayleigh droplet. The relationship between the droplet’s oscillation period and its physical properties is examined. During voltage-droplet synchronization, the droplet’s ability to detach depends mostly on its contact angle, its viscosity, and the applied voltage. An energy analysis is also conducted, revealing how energy is supplied to the droplet by electrowetting-induced detachment.
Overdose intake of Neu5Gc triggers colorectal inflammation and alters liver metabolism

ABSTRACT A positive correlation between massive red meat consumption with colorectal cancer had been reported. Given the complexity of meat components, we focused on investigating the role of Neu5Gc in human healthy. Two groups, either feeding with normal and overdose concentration of Neu5Gc for two weeks, to mimic the normal and overconsumption of red meat conditions in human, respectively. The colorectal transcriptomes revealed that Neu5Gc promotes intestinal immune response and identified the hub genes positively correlated with colorectal cancer such as Tnf, Cd19, Muc13, and Nso2,. The colorectal cancer patients have a 25–30% chance of developing liver metastases, thus we sequenced the liver and revealed the role of Neu5Gc in regulating cell metabolism. Moreover, we found that Neu5Gc negatively regulates the expression of Cmah. We conclude that high Neu5Gc intake promotes colorectal inflammatory responses in Apc Min/+ mice, and suppresses colorectal and hepatic metabolic and digestive processes through Cmah inhibition.
Neuroarchitecture applied to the study of psychological conditions within physical rehabilitation spaces

Neuroarchitecture as a multidisciplinary study science has been influenced in Ecuador at the case study level to buildings without spaces for external interaction with nature or internal spatial development, which has caused poor treatment. The objective of this scientific article is the design of neuroarchitecture parameters applied to architectural and spatial design to improve treatment in rehabilitation spaces. The considerations will be evaluated under a quantitative approach methodology of the architectural spaces and the user's perception through the decision-making scheme of the Kepner and Tregoe Method that analyzed the situation, evaluated results and established potential risks within the study. In conclusion, the characterization of the architectural spaces by shape and color contributed to the perception of tranquility within the space, the contact with the green areas improved the cognitive and sensory conditions of the users, integrating better with their environment, while the design of the Semi-open spaces and open spaces generate greater confidence and tranquility for comprehensive socialization, so it can be determined that the neuroarchitecture focused on the conditional evaluation and decision-making of the user improves the satisfactory treatment of patients by 90%.