Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Migrants and Urban Change: Newcomers to Antwerp, 1760-1860

Introduction 1 Explaining Migration 2 Migration in the Urban Transition 3 Migration to a Regional Textile Centre, 1760-1800 4 Migration to a Port in the Making, 1800-1860 5 Circuits, Networks and Trajectories Conclusions Appendix I: Source Materials, Samples and Classifications Appendix II: Additional Tables pertaining to Chapters 3-5
Predicting the Severity of Esophageal Varices in Patients with Hepatic Cirrhosis Using Non-Invasive Markers

Background The presence and extent of severity of esophageal varices (EV) in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) are predicted using noninvasive clinical, biochemical, and imaging parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of noninvasive predictors of EV, such as the platelet count-to-spleen diameter ratio (PSR), platelet count-to-spleen volume ratio (PSVR), spleen size (SZ), and a combination of these markers in determining the severity of EV in patients with cirrhosis. Methods We recruited 82 inpatients with LC from the Department of Gastroenterology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University between January 2018 and December 2019 for this diagnostic investigation. All patients underwent endoscopy, ultrasound, computed tomography, and routine laboratory investigations. For the study, we evaluated and compared the diagnostic accuracy of PSR, PSVR, SZ, and their combinations. Results There were significant differences in the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) in the prediction of severe and moderate/severe EV for all the variables. PSR+PSVR had the highest AUC at 0.735 (95% CI: 0.626–0.826) and 0.765 (95% CI: 0.659–0.852) for predicting severe and moderate/severe EV, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the AUCs (95% CI) for PSR, PSVR, and PSR+PSVR in predicting the existence of EV. As per the overall model quality chart, the combination of PSR+PSVR was the best indicator for detecting the presence of EV (AUC, 0.696; 95% CI: 0.584–0.792). Conclusion In our study, we found that these noninvasive parameters could predict the extent of severity of EV in patients with LC. We anticipate the use of a combination of PSR + PSVR to emerge as the superior indicator as studies progress.
An improved matching pursuit method for overlapping echo separation in ultrasonic thickness measurement

Overlapping of reflected ultrasonic echoes is a universal physical phenomenon, when the measured thickness is less than a limit threshold (e.g. 1mm for metallic materials using conventional processing methods). Generally, two typical signal states may be generated in this situation: highly overlapping and distorted overlapping. If the overlapping echoes cannot not be separated precisely, significant measurement errors will inevitably occur. In this research, an improved matching pursuit method for overlapping echo separation has been developed. To approximate the overlapping echoes, a dictionary composed of atoms with truncated Nakagami functions is constructed to replace the commonly used model, which considers scattering conditions. Furthermore, an atomic selection principle combining preselection of the remainder L2 norm and minimum L1 norm of the residual signal is presented. To reduce the correlation of the residual error in iterations and ensure the correct separation of echoes in order, the ultrasonic signal is truncated for matching based on short-time Fourier transform (STFT) analysis. Compared with some competing methods, the proposed method shows superiority in handling highly overlapping echoes and distorted echoes in both simulation and experiments of ultrasonic thickness measurement.
Surgical Sterilization of Coyotes to Reduce Predation on Pronghorn Fawns

Sterilization of coyotes (Canis latrans) has been shown to reduce predation of domestic sheep. We investigated whether sterilizing coyotes would similarly reduce predation on pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) neonates in southeastern Colorado. In a study from May 2006 to March 2008, we radio-collared 71 pronghorn fawns to determine survival rates and causes of death. During the first year of the study, all coyotes were intact. During the second year, we captured and sterilized coyotes in the southern half of the study area, while coyotes in the northern half were given sham sterilizations. In addition, we surveyed the availability of alternative prey and examined the influence of snowfall and precipitation on fawn survival and small mammal detection. Using the known fate model in Program Mark, we constructed models that included a treatment effect, plus year, area, alternative prey, and individual covariates to estimate fawn survival. Fawn survival was higher for fawns captured in sterile coyote home ranges than for fawns captured in intact coyote home ranges (P = 0.078). Subtle differences in locale affected fawn survival; fawn survival was higher in the north than in the south in both years (P = 0.081). Lagomorph abundance was not influential on fawn survival (P = 0.293) nor was rodent abundance (P = 0.264), but increased vegetation may have impaired prey detection probabilities. We did not detect any relationship between fawn survival and fawn gender, fawn birth weight, fawn birth date, fawn age, or coyote density 1 Co-authored by Eric Gese and Mary Conner. 11 (P > 0.110). Although in the second year of the study we experienced record winter conditions, this did not reduce fawn survival and may have contributed to increased fawn survival (P = 0.364). Our results indicate that sterilization of coyotes may be a useful tool for wildlife managers to reduce coyote predation on pronghorn fawns.
Brown Tumour in Chronic Kidney Disease: Revisiting an Old Disease with a New Perspective

Simple Summary OFC (Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica) and Brown Tumours, skeletal lesions commonly found in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, are influenced by various risk factors, such as age, sex, medications affecting calcium metabolism, and vitamin D deficiency. The primary cause is secondary hyperparathyroidism, leading to imbalances in calcium and phosphorus levels and osteoclast activation. Other factors, like RAAS hyperactivity and chronic inflammation, may also contribute to their development. The recently described involvement of KRAS mutations turned Brown Tumours from reactive lesions to potentially neoplastic lesions. To manage these conditions, pharmacologic treatments like bisphosphonates, calcimimetics, vitamin D supplementation, and denosumab can help by reducing hyperparathyroidism, restoring calcium levels, and preventing OFC occurrence. Brown Tumours, being rare, lack sufficient understanding regarding their manifestation and treatment. However, considering their impact on CKD patients’ quality of life, it is crucial for nephrologists and medical practitioners working with dialysis patients to be aware of various diagnostic and treatment options. Abstract Osteitis fibrosa cystica (OFC) and Brown Tumours are two related but distinct types of bone lesions that result from the overactivity of osteoclasts and are most often associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite their potential consequences, these conditions are poorly understood because of their rare prevalence and variability in their clinical manifestation. Canonically, OFC and Brown Tumours are caused by secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD. Recent literature showed that multiple factors, such as hyperactivation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and chronic inflammation, may also contribute to the occurrence of these diseases through osteoclast activation. Moreover, hotspot KRAS mutations were identified in these lesions, placing them in the spectrum of RAS–MAPK-driven neoplasms, which were until recently thought to be reactive lesions. Some risk factors contributed to the occurrence of OFC and Brown Tumours, such as age, gender, comorbidities, and certain medications. The diagnosis of OFC and Brown Tumours includes clinical symptoms involving chronic bone pain and laboratory findings of hyperparathyroidism. In radiological imaging, the X-ray and Computed tomography (CT) scan could show lytic or multi-lobular cystic alterations. Histologically, both lesions are characterized by clustered osteoclasts in a fibrotic hemorrhagic background. Based on the latest understanding of the mechanism of OFC, this review elaborates on the manifestation, diagnosis, and available therapies that can be leveraged to prevent the occurrence of OFC and Brown Tumours.
A brief and general overview on diatoms and their applications

Diatoms are single-celled, photosynthetic eukaryotic algae, known as Bacillariophyceae, that are important in the ocean's cycle of nutrients and organic matter. There are possibly more than 150,000 varieties of them spread across fresh, brackish, and marine aquatic ecosystems, and they can be found in almost all aquatic habitats. Diatoms also have value to be used in industrial applications because their glass cell wall fossils are sold as diatomite or diatomaceous earth. Diatom silica, is regarded as an important usable biomaterial for energy storage e.g. (Lithium Ion battery, super capacitor, hydrogen and thermal storage) and energy conversion e.g. (solar cells). In addition, diatomite exhibits substantial specified area of surface, thermal stability, and affordability, which provide tremendous benefits and prospects for application as filler in the paper, rubber, ceramic, pharmaceutical industries as well as abrasive material and soil amendment. In the field of water treatment, diatomite is considered as an eco-environmental functional material and effective adsorbent in the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated water because of its high porosity, low density and high specific surface area. In biomedical applications, mesoporous silica has recently demonstrated promising results in drug delivery systems because of its special chemical and physical characteristics, including excellent drug loading capacity, biocompatibility, and large surface area. Currently, basic and applied researchers are still interested in the use of diatoms in nanotechnology functions.
Etudes préliminaires sur les champignons entomopathogènes des pucerons de l’artichaut en Tunisie

L’isolement a partir des cadavres de Capitophorus elaeagni (Del Guercio) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) montrant des symptomes naturels de mycoses entomopathogenes, dans des parcelles d’artichaut en Tunisie, a revele la presence de deux types de colonies myceliennes de couleur creme. Le repiquage sur milieux specifiques a permis l’identification de deux especes de Fusarium: F. sacchari (Butler and Hafiz Khan) Gams (1971) et F. semitectum (Berkeley and Ravenel, 1875). Les tests de pathogenicite in vitro ont montre que les traitements a base de ces especes ont ete mortels pour Aphis fabae (Scopoli), Brachycaudus cardui L. , C. elaeagni et Dysaphis cynarae (Theobald) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) et ont reproduit les symptomes rencontres au champ. En outre, les tests de virulence ont montre que F. semitectum est l’espece entomopathogene la plus virulente avec un taux de mortalite depassant 90 % et que C. elaeagni est l’espece aphidienne la plus sensible alors que A. fabae est la plus resistante aux differents traitements. De plus, le Tl50 le plus court a ete de l’ordre de 31 heures enregistre avec F. semitectum alors que F. sacchari a necessite 52 heures pour induire 50 % de la mortalite pour les individus de C. elaeagni.
Insight into the magnetic behavior and magnetocaloric effect of a borophene monolayer

The successful discovery of borophene has opened a new door for the development of 2D materials. Due to its excellent chemical, electronic and thermal properties, borophene has shown considerable potential in supercapacitors, hydrogen storage and batteries. In this paper, the thermodynamic characteristics and magnetocaloric effect of borophene are specifically studied using the Monte Carlo method. We find that there is an opposite impact between the spin quantum number and the crystal field on the magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, specific heat and magnetic entropy of the system. Moreover, increasing the spin quantum number or decreasing the absolute value of the crystal field can improve the relative cooling power, the coercivity (h c), and the remanence (M R) and the area of the loop.
Design and Simulation of MIM Optical Filter Structure Based on Plasmonic Diagonal T-Shaped Resonators Using ANN Method

In this article, a novel nanoplasmonic wavelength filter using new T-shaped resonators is designed. In the proposed design, T-shaped resonators are placed diagonally in the waveguide. This dual band-pass filter, wavelengths 1080 nm and 1320 nm, has a metal-insulation-metal structure, and the Drude, Drude-Lorentz, and Drude-Critical Points models have also been used in the numerical simulations. Moreover, the intensity of transmission power and the amount of resonance can be adjusted and changed in accordance with the base length of the resonators. The proposed filter can limit light to dimensions below the wavelength (in the nanometer range), making it suitable for optoelectronic integrated circuits. Furthermore, by tuning the parameters of the structure, it will be possible to achieve 93% and 73% of the transmission power intensity. Also, the artificial neural network model is presented to predict the transmission rate of the filter and optimize the dimensions of the resonators for better performance.
insight: City-wide effects of new housing supply: Evidence from moving chains

We study the city-wide eﬀects of new, centrally-located market-rate housing supply using geo-coded population-wide register data from the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. The supply of new market rate units triggers moving chains that quickly reach middle-and low-income neighborhoods and individuals. Thus, new market-rate construction loosens the housing market in middle-and low-income areas even in the short run. Market-rate supply is likely to improve aﬀordability outside the sub-markets where new construction occurs and to beneﬁt low-income people.
Seasonal Activities of Lepidosaphes beckii and Its Associated Natural Enemies in Response to Habitat Environment

(as parasitism%) on L. beckii adults in navel orange, mandarin and lemon orchards; while C. bipustulatus exhibited one to three peaks (as predatism%) on the pest stage. A. lepidosaphes and C. bipustulatus act in density-dependent reactions; where statistical analysis showed that there were good synchronizations between L. beckii and populations of these natural enemies. L. beckii population was significantly higher in navel orange orchards followed by mandarin and lemon orchards, respectively. On the contrary, the activities of studied natural enemies were mostly higher in significant values in lemon orchards followed by mandarin and navel orange orchards, respectively. So, it can be concluded that the relatively low population levels of L. beckii in lemon orchard may be attributed to the relatively high activities of the recorded natural enemies, and vice versa. The daily temperature degrees had mostly high significant positive effects on the activities of L. beckii and both A. lepidosaphes and C. bipustulatus ; while the daily means of relative humidity had mostly insignificant effects on them.
The development of higher education research in Europe : 25 years of CHER

Though the book is a contribution to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Consortium of Higher Education Researchers (CHER), it is not just about the history of the organisation as such. The contributions provide an account of the emergence of higher education as a field of study and research in Europe, its institutionalisation, and its relationships to higher education policy and practice. Furthermore, higher education research in Europe is contrasted to and contextualised by the example of higher education research and scholarship in Australia.
Efficient Decoder Design for Low-Density Lattice Codes From the Lattice Viewpoint

Low-density lattice codes (LDLCs) achieve near-capacity performance on additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Gaussian decoder is the state-of-the-art message passing decoder for LDLCs in terms of the error performance. However, this decoder has complexity <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(M^{d-1})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with messages represented by Gaussian mixtures, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the degree of an LDLC and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of Gaussian functions for approximating each check node message. In this paper, we establish the correspondence between Gaussian functions for approximating a variable node message and points of a certain lattice. Based on this lattice viewpoint, the problem of approximating a variable node message is formulated as a lattice point enumeration (LPE) problem. Then, an LPE decoder with linear complexity <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(d)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is proposed. Our simulation results validate that the LPE decoder achieves almost the same error performance as the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Gaussian decoder.
Four-Dimensional-Printed Microrobots and Their Applications: A Review

Owing to their small size, microrobots have many potential applications. In addition, four-dimensional (4D) printing facilitates reversible shape transformation over time or upon the application of stimuli. By combining the concept of microrobots and 4D printing, it may be possible to realize more sophisticated next-generation microrobot designs that can be actuated by applying various stimuli, and also demonstrates profound implications for various applications, including drug delivery, cells delivery, soft robotics, object release and others. Herein, recent advances in 4D-printed microrobots are reviewed, including strategies for facilitating shape transformations, diverse types of external stimuli, and medical and nonmedical applications of microrobots. Finally, to conclude the paper, the challenges and the prospects of 4D-printed microrobots are highlighted.
INTELLIGENT HOME: EMPOWERING SMART HOME WITH MACHINE LEARNING FOR USER ACTION PREDICTION

Smart homes is an emerging technology that is transforming the way people live and interact with their homes. These homes are equipped with various devices and technologies that allow the homeowner to control, monitor, and automate various aspects of their home. This can include lighting, heating and cooling, security systems, and appliances. However, to enhance the efficiency of these homes, machine learning algorithms can be utilized to analyze the data generated from the home environment and adapt to user behaviors. This paper proposes a smart home system empowered by machine learning algorithms for enhanced user behavior prediction and automation. The proposed system is composed of three modes, including manual, automatic, and intelligent, with the objectives of maximizing security, minimizing human effort, reducing power consumption, and facilitating user interaction. The manual mode offers control and monitoring capabilities through a web-based user interface, accessible from anywhere and at any time. The automatic mode provides security alerts and appliances control to minimize human intervention. Additionally, the intelligent mode employs machine learning classification algorithms, such as decision tree, K-nearest neighbors, and multi-layer perceptron, to track and predict user actions, thereby reducing user intervention and providing additional comfort to homeowners. Experiments conducted employing the three classifiers resulted in accuracies of 97.4%, 97.22%, and 97.36%, respectively. The proposed smart home system can potentially enhance the quality of life for homeowners while reducing energy consumption and increasing security.
Effect of Prophylactic Intravenous Ondansetron on Hemodynamic Parameters in Elective Cesarean Section under Spinal Anesthesia

Background: Maternal Spinal anesthesia frequently has side effects like hypotension and bradycardia during caesarean delivery. Maternal Spinal anesthesia frequently has side effects like hypotension and bradycardia during caesarean delivery. Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate effect of prophylactic intravenous ondansetron on hemodynamic parameters in elective cesarean section (CS) under spinal anesthesia. Patients and methods: A total of 80 patients with physical condition as defined by the ASA class II and ages ranging from 21 to 45 years old scheduled for surgery at Zagazig University's Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care Hospitals; elective CS and Surgery were lasting no longer than 60 minutes. Patients in the control group (group C) got 10 ml of saline. Individuals in the ondansetron group (group O) received intravenously 4 mg of ondansetron diluted in 10 ml of saline five minutes before subarachnoid block. The following variables were measured throughout the course of the trial in both groups: systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MAO), heart rate, oxygen saturation percentage, and intraoperative need for ephedrine. Moreover, any issues that arise throughout or following operation were recorded. Results: The frequency of hypotension in expectant women undergoing spinal anesthesia for elective caesarean delivery was significantly reduced, when prophylactic 4 mg ondansetron was administered. The use of vasopressors Ondansetron significantly decreased the incidence of hypertension. Systolic blood pressure was consistently higher and fewer vasopressor medications were used in the ondansetron group. Conclusion: Intravenous premedication with 4mg ondansetron can effectively reduce the drop in SBP, DBP, and MAP in expectant mothers scheduled for CS.
Systémy inovací v regionálním rozvoji [Systems of Innovation in Regional Development]

In recent years, the concept of Regional Innovation Systems has evolved into a widely used analytical framework generating the empirical foundation for innovation policy making. Yet, the approaches utilizing this framework remain ambiguous on such key issues as the territorial dimension of innovation, e.g., the region, and the apparently important role played by “institutions” or the institutional context in the emergence and sustenance of regional innovation systems. This paper reviews and summarizes the most important ideas and arguments of the recent theorizing on innovation systems approach, regional innovation systems and regional clusters to provide the basis for understanding these important tools for regional development policies, which are not much known in the Czech regional studies yet.