Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EL EXCURSIONISMO CULTURAL DESDE DESTINOS TURÍSTICOS URBANOS A SITIOS PATRIMONIALES: DE MADRID A TOLEDO // CULTURAL HIKING FROM URBAN TOURISTIC DESTINATIONS TO HERITAGE PLACES: FROM MADRID TO TOLEDO

Las ciudades de gran tamaño son destinos turísticos principales. Se trata de un turismo urbano donde se entremezclan los motivos, las experiencias y las actividades. Entre estas últimas, la excursión de unas horas, siempre menos de un día, a un lugar turístico atractivo próximo es una de las habituales. Así sucede con las ciudades históricas cercanas a las grandes urbes. La cultura y el patrimonio forman ahora la motivación principal del visitante. En este artículo se estudia este proceso a través del caso del excursionismo desde Madrid, destino turístico urbano, a Toledo, ciudad histórico-turística. Se desarrollará una metodología de análisis donde se opta por recurrir a la recolección de múltiples informaciones y datos de diversas fuentes y no estrictamente al desarrollo amplio de una sola fuente o de una sola técnica de investigación. El objetivo principal es la comprensión holística del fenómeno, dado que las consecuencias sobre el lugar de destino, Toledo, son obvias: un excursionista gasta menos, y además no pernocta, al tiempo que hace uso de los mismo servicios y equipamientos que un turista. En los resultados, se demostrará que la proximidad geográfica, la conexión mediante tren de alta velocidad y la atracción del patrimonio cultural de Toledo son factores que propician esta movilidad turística. No obstante, se concluirá que es la sobreoferta de los turoperadores que actúan en Madrid la causa principal de este flujo. Desde hace años se actúa desde la ciudad toledana intentando aumentar la estancia de sus visitantes con productos turísticos culturales más elaborados que obliguen la pernoctación. El problema es que no se ha llegado a acuerdos con los turoperadores y agentes turísticos de Madrid. Mientras haya una oferta excesiva de hacer excursiones a Toledo difícilmente se reducirá el número de visitantes que elijan esta opción.
Location Privacy Protection via Delocalization in 5G Mobile Edge Computing Environment

In the past several years, we have witnessed a variety of mechanisms for protecting mobile users’ location privacy, e.g., k-anonymity, cloaking, encryption, etc. Unfortunately, existing techniques suffer from a common limitation - mobile users’ locations must be sent to remote cloud servers. In this article, a novel architecture named LBS@E is proposed for building delocalized location-based services (LBSs) in the 5G mobile edge computing (MEC) environment that do not require users’ locations. Mobile users can retrieve local information from LBSs deployed on nearby edge servers based on LBS@E. In this way, LBS@E tackles the location privacy problem innovatively by resolving the root cause of the conventional location privacy problem. However, LBS@E raises new challenges to location privacy. A mobile user can still be localized to a particular privacy area co-covered by the edge servers accessed by the mobile user. A small privacy area puts the mobile user's location at the risk of being approximated. In the meantime, the size of the utility area, which determines the amount of local information retrievable for the mobile user, is positively correlated with the number of edge servers accessed by the mobile user. Thus, given a set of accessible edge servers, the mobile user needs to determine which ones to access so that the retrievable local information is maximized and the risk of being localized is minimized. In this article, we model this new location privacy protecting problem formally, analyze its problem hardness and propose an integer programming based approach for finding the optimal solution. Extensive experiments are conducted on a widely-used real-world dataset to evaluate the proposed approach.
Application of ORC in a Distributed Integrated Energy System Driven by Deep and Shallow Geothermal Energy

This study presents a distributed integrated energy system driven by deep and shallow geothermal energy based on forward and reverse cycle for flexible generation of cold, heat and electricity in different scenarios. By adjusting the strategy, the system can meet the demand of heat-electricity in winter, cool-electricity in summer and electricity in transition seasons. The thermodynamic analysis shows that the thermal efficiency of the integrated energy system in the heating and power generation mode is 16% higher than that in the cooling and power generation mode or the single power generation mode. Meanwhile, the annual heat-obtaining quantity of the system is reduced by 11% compared with that of the independent power generation system, which effectively alleviates the imbalance of the temperature field of the shallow geothermal reservoir. In terms of net power generation, the integrated energy system can generate approximately 31% more electricity than the conventional independent cooling and heating system under the same cooling and heating capacity. An integrated system not only realizes the comprehensive supply of cold and thermal ower by using clean geothermal efficiency, but also solves the temperature imbalance caused by the attenuation of a shallow geothermal temperature field. It provides a feasible way for carbon emission reduction to realize sustainable and efficient utilization of geothermal energy.
AOIR ETHICS PANEL 2: PLATFORM CHALLENGES

This panel is one of two sessions organized by the AoIR Ethics Working Committee. It collects five papers exploring a broad (but in many ways common) set of ethical dilemmas faced by researchers engaged with specific platforms such as Reddit, Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, and private messaging platforms. These include: a study of people's online conversations about health matters on Reddit in support of a proposed situated ethics framework for researchers working with publicly available data; an exploration into sourcing practices among Reddit researchers to determine if their sources could be unmasked and located in Reddit archives; a broader systematic review of over 700 research studies that used Reddit data to assess the kinds of analysis and methods researchers are engaging in as well as any ethical considerations that emerge when researching Reddit; a critical examination of the use of Amazon’s Mechanical Turk for academic research; and an investigation into current practices and ethical dilemmas faced when researching closed messaging applications and their users. Taken together, these papers illuminate emerging ethical dilemmas facing researchers when investigating novel platforms and user communities; challenges often not fully addressed–if even contemplated–in existing ethical guidelines. These papers are among those under consideration for publication in a special issue of the Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society associated with the AoIR Ethics Working Committee and AoIR2021.
MDLI-Net: Model-Driven Learning Imaging Network for High-Resolution Microwave Imaging With Large Rotating Angle and Sparse Sampling

Microwave imaging with large rotating angle and sparse sampling is an attractive approach to obtain the high-resolution target image with reduced radar resource. However, the popular imaging methods, e.g., Range-Doppler (RD), back projection (BP), and sparse recovery (SR), are difficult to deal with large rotating angle and sparse sampling simultaneously. In recent years, deep learning (DL) has been widely studied and been successfully used to handle the problems in computer vision. However, since most existing DL networks are put forward for the real visual image and a large amount of data is essential for network training, DL cannot be directly used to process the complex and sparse target echo for microwave imaging. In this article, a new learning imaging framework is proposed and a model-driven learning imaging network (MDLI-Net) is built for high-resolution microwave imaging with large rotating angle and sparse sampling. In the proposed framework, the electromagnetic scattering model is used to generate the training data efficiently, and the sparse microwave imaging theory is applied to guide the design of the deep imaging network. By inputting the 2-D sparse complex-valued target echo, the trained MDLI-Net can output the high-resolution and focused target image efficiently. The effectiveness of the proposed learning imaging method is validated by experiment results with both simulated and real data.
Compact-Size Ultra-Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna With Stable Gain and Radiation Pattern

A novel ultra-wideband (UWB) circularly polarized (CP) antenna array with sequential phase feed is proposed in this article. The element implements a multiresonance monopole to achieve UWB CP radiation. To investigate the CP operating mechanism, characteristic mode analysis is used to provide different modes at various frequencies. The simulated characteristic mode analysis results show that this element can realize good CP at three independently adjustable frequencies (2.4, 3.8, and 5.8 GHz). By combining these three frequencies, a UWB CP antenna element is realized from 2.02 to 6.03 GHz for axial ratio (AR) less than 3.0 dB. Because the main radiating region of this element changes at different frequencies, a compact 2 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 2 array, whose profile is only <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.09\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> (where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the wavelength in free space at the lowest operating frequency), is designed and optimized to achieve higher realized gain and stable radiation pattern. Subsequently, a prototype of this array is fabricated and measured. Measured results demonstrate an overlapping bandwidth of 120.9% from 1.8 to 7.3 GHz, in terms of the −10 dB reflection coefficient bandwidth and 3 dB AR bandwidth. This array has the advantages of simple structure, compact size, high gain, and stable pattern within the entire operating band.
Alkoxy-Functionalized Schiff-Base Ligation at Aluminum and Zinc: Synthesis, Structures and ROP Capability

The Schiff-base compounds 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(((3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)imino)methyl)phenol (L1H), 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(((2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)imino)methyl)phenol (L2H), 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(((2,4-trimethoxyphenyl)imino)methyl)phenol) (L3H) derived from anilines bearing methoxy substituents have been employed in the preparation of alkylaluminum and zinc complexes. Molecular structure determinations reveal mono-chelate aluminum complexes of the type [Al(Ln)(Me)2] (L1, 1; L2, 2; L3, 3), and bis(chelate) complexes for zinc, namely [Zn(Ln)2] (L1, 5; L2, 6; L3, 7). All complexes have significant activity at 50 °C and higher activity at 100 °C for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) with good control over the molar mass distribution (Mw/Mn < 2) and molecular weight. Complex 1 was found to be the most active catalyst, achieving 99% conversion within 18 h at 50 °C and giving polycaprolactone with high molecular weight; results are compared against aniline-derived (i.e., non-methoxy containing) complexes (4 and 8). Aluminum or zinc complexes derived from L1 exhibit higher activity as compared with complexes derived from L2 and L3. Complex 1 was also tested as an initiator for the copolymerization of ε-CL and glycolide (GL). The CL-GL copolymers have various microstructures depending on the feed ratio. The crosslinker 4,4′-bioxepane-7,7′-dione was used in the polymerization with ε-CL using 1, and well-defined cross-linked PCL was afforded of high molecular weight.
Inferential Analysis of Road Infrastructure PPP Sponsor Networks

3 In the road infrastructure sector, public-private partnership (PPP) projects involve the 4 implementation of project finance principles through the signing of a long-term contract between the 5 public authority and a group of sponsors assembled in a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV). However, 6 although PPP sponsors play a very important role in SPV formation, the literature does not provide 7 ample evidence to understand such creation processes. Therefore, this study gains insight into the 8 mechanisms associated with the way PPP sponsors establish relationships among themselves in order 9 to form SPVs. The approach employs social network concepts and Exponential Random Graph 10 Model (ERGM) techniques. The analysis is focused on tie-formation processes in sponsor networks 11 across the bidding and financial close stages of road PPP projects in Canada, Chile, and the US 12 between 1993 and 2019. Results show that, despite some differences in the studied jurisdictions, 13 dyadic (i.e., repeated relationships) and structural (i.e., transitivity) factors are the most influential 14 properties driving bidding consortium and SPV creation procedures. Conclusions indicate that 15 sponsors’ behavioral patterns are highly influenced by trust -based mechanisms. Further research is 16 required to continue understanding the role of other PPP players and the effect of the external 17 institutional environment on PPP networks.
Estimating SDG Indicators in Data-Scarce Areas: The Transition to the Use of New Technologies and Multidisciplinary Studies

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their indicators provide opportunities to best combine the available knowledge and data to monitor and estimate different metrics and track their progress. The overall picture can be complex as some indicators are often interconnected (e.g., rural and/or urban development with a water body’s status). Two factors can play a crucial role in achieving the SDGs: the use of new technologies for database building and multidisciplinary studies and understanding. This study aims to explore these factors, highlight their importance and provide an example as guidance of their proper and combinative use. Ireland is used as an example of a data-scarce case with poor–slow progress, especially on the environmental SDGs. Two “non-reported” SDG indicators (lack of data) are selected and estimated in this work using freely available data (remote sensing, satellite imagery) and geospatial software for the first time in the country. The results show improvements in rural and urban development; however, this is accompanied by negative environmental consequences. A more holistic approach is needed and a broader conceptual model is presented to avoid any misleading interpretations of the study of SDGs. The transition to the modern technological and multidisciplinary evolution requires respective knowledge and understanding, strongly based on complex systems analysis.
Open Streets for Whom?

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has created opportunities for cities to close streets to automobile traffic in the name of public health. Although these interventions promise numerous benefits, neighborhood activists and scholars of color suggest they can perpetuate structurally racist inequities. In this Viewpoint, we implore planners and other city builders to think critically about the impact of these interventions by employing an environmental justice framework. Applying this framework in the open streets context exposes several potential paradoxes that arise. We conclude with a set of best practices that can help city builders transcend these paradoxes and extend this livability revolution to all.
Growth comparison between wild type and slick-haired Puerto Rican Holstein heifers

The present study compared the monthly body weight (BW) of 14 wild type (WT) and 11 slick-haired (SLICK) Puerto Rican Holstein heifers from four to 34 months of age at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Lajas, Puerto Rico. Data were analyzed by the GLIMMIX, GLM and REG Procedures in SAS. Hair coat type and age interacted to affect BW (P=0.0005). However, no differences in BW were observed between WT and SLICK heifers (overall mean BW of 279.33±5.78 and 275.06±6.91 kg, respectively; P=0.3182). From four to 34 months, BW increased in both the WT (93.52±11.42 to 446.35±28.27 kg; P<0.0001) and the SLICK heifers (85.69±9.97 to 381.37±35.81 kg; P<0.0001). The interaction observed between hair coat type and age could be the result of different growth trends, as WT heifers presented a linear curve (BW = 12.28 age + 54.41; R2=0.88; P<0.0001); while their SLICK counterparts showed a quadratic regression (BW = −0.32 age2 + 22.75 age + 6.24; R2=0.74; P<0.0001) between BW and age. These results suggest that SLICK heifers may reach maturity at an earlier age and with less BW. Future studies should evaluate if such differences affect the efficiency and productivity of these animals at maturity.
Building Integrity & Collaboration in the Balkot-Farm Pilot Project through IoT (Internet-of-Things)

: Internet of Things (IoT) becomes the household phrase recently. On the other hand, urban farming activities attract public attention in spite of food supply sustainability. Hence, combining both into a project should be remarkable. “Balkot-Farm” is a Jakarta City Government’s initiative to apply IoT in urban farming that exploits vacant lands and spaces within the city hall area. It started in August 2019 after several meetings that involve four city government offices, such as Communication & Information (CI), Maritime, Fishery & Food Security (FS), Health (HO), and General Bureau (GB). The Governor of Jakarta supervises the “Balkot-Farm” through TGUPP or the Governor’s Delivery Unit. Using IoT, the five Jakarta government offices have developed collaboration capacity. CI sets up the technology, FS supplies the plants, fertilizers, and related farming needs, HO provides family-medicinal plants. Meanwhile, the GB assembles the land, water, and electricity. Furthermore, the IoT contributes to project integrity and governance. Through the website (http://balkotfarm.jakarta.go.id), all parties can manage farming and monitor data remotely. The McKinsey Model stated that IoT must pay attention to three important aspects: (1) asset coordination & collaboration; (2) production system; & (3) human factors. This study employs a descriptive qualitative procedure to gain lessons from the Balkot-Farm pilot project. The findings show that IOT played a significant role at the beginning due to its novelty effects. In addition, the government offices were able to build trust among them because the IoT offered a real-time monitoring system. “Balkot-Farm” can run properly because IOT helps to solve daily problems in farming management. Eventually, each government office can deliver routine reports with credibility and integrity.
Shear-margin melting causes stronger transient ice discharge than ice-stream melting according to idealized simulations

Abstract. Basal ice-shelf melting is the key driver of Antarctica's increasing sea-level contribution. In diminishing the buttressing force of the ice shelves that fringe the ice sheet the melting increases the solid-ice discharge into the ocean. Here we contrast the influence of basal melting in two different ice-shelf regions on the time-dependent response of an idealized, inherently buttressed ice-sheet-shelf system. Carrying out three-dimensional numerical simulations, the basal-melt perturbations are applied close to the grounding line in the ice-shelf's 1) ice-stream region, where the ice shelf is fed by the fastest ice masses that stream through the upstream bed trough and 2) shear margins, where the ice flow is slower. The results show that melting below one or both of the shear margins can cause a decadal to centennial increase in ice discharge that is more than twice as large compared to a similar perturbation in the ice-stream region. We attribute this to the fact that melt-induced ice-shelf thinning in the central grounding-line region is attenuated very effectively by the fast flow of the central ice stream. In contrast, the much slower ice dynamics in the lateral shear margins of the ice shelf facilitate sustained ice-shelf thinning and thereby foster buttressing reduction. Regardless of the melt location, a higher melt concentration toward the grounding line generally goes along with a stronger response. Our results highlight the vulnerability of outlet glaciers to basal melting in stagnant, buttressing-relevant ice-shelf regions, a mechanism that may gain importance under future global warming.
Prioritization of Brand Equity Components Using an Integrated Structural Equation Modelling and Fuzzy AHP

Brand equity of health tourism is the set of assets (or liabilities) of the brand in relation to the name and symbol of the tourism destination that cause changes in the value of services and experiences that are determined there. Considering the characteristics and cultural, social and economic capacities of Iranian tourism destinations, this study tends to develop a model for brand equity in health tourism, derived from the Acker model, according to Iran's conditions and studies conducted. First, previous studies in this regard were carefully reviewed by meta-synthesis. Then the mixed method including qualitative and quantitative methods was applied. The data were analyzed using grounded theory and MAXQDA18 software and then using structural equation method and fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP). Statistical population included experts including professors in the field of marketing and health tourism specialists for qualitative part, and foreign users of health tourism services of Iran for quantitative part. The results showed that hospital brand equity is directly affected by brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality, brand loyalty, social responsibility, firm value and customer value. As a result, at the national level, investing in this sector and branding and paying attention to brand equity of health tourism can make Iran one of the best health tourism destinations in the world.
Neural Mechanism of Second Language Processing in Korean-English Bilingual Children

Purpose To evaluate the neural mechanism of second language processing in Korean-English bilingual children using functional MRI (fMRI). Materials and Methods The study was conducted on 20 Korean elementary school children who were learning English as a foreign language. fMRI was performed during short-passage comprehension tasks in Korean and English languages. We analyzed which brain areas were activated according to the language, English proficiency, and task difficulty. Results Higher activities were observed in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, precentral gyrus, left basal ganglia, and left temporoparietal and occipital lobes during English comprehension than during Korean comprehension. The low English proficiency group showed higher activities than the high English proficiency group in the frontotemporal cortex, including the prefrontal cortex. Higher activities were observed in the right inferior frontal gyrus and right temporoparietal lobe during the English comprehension task of intermediate difficulty compared to that of low difficulty. However, the brain activities significantly decreased while performing a high-difficulty English task. Conclusion Brain activities significantly increased during English comprehension in the lower English proficiency group while performing an intermediate-difficulty task. However, brain activation decreased when the task difficulty exceeded the moderate comprehension level. These results suggest that a proper level of education is important to learn a second language.