Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LHAPDF: PDF use from the Tevatron to the LHC

Parton Density Functions (PDFs) and their uncertainties are extremely important topics for both the Tevatron and the LHC. Experiments at the Tevatron can enhance this knowledge not only by constraining the PDF fits, but also by developing and refining the available PDF tools through feed-back from the experiments that are currently analyzing the highest energy hadron collider data available. It is important that the community has standardized tools and methods at its disposal. In this note we summarize briefly the most recent developments of the The Les Houches Accord PDF (LHAPDF), which is the modern replacement for PDFLIB. We also outline and compare the methods of quantifying the impact of PDF uncertainties on physical observables. The PDF weighting method for propagating errors from PDFs to event generator observables is outlined in detail, and example code for using this method with PYTHIA is also included.
ON CIRCULAR-$L(2,1)$-EDGE-LABELING OF GRAPHS

Let $m$, $j$ and $k$ be positive integers with $j\ge k$. An $m$-circular-$L(j,k)$-edge-labeling of a graph $G$ is an assignment $f$ from $\{0,1,\dots,m-1\}$ to the edges of $G$ such that, for any two edges $e_1$ and $e_2$, $|f(e_1)-f(e_2)|_m\geq j$ if $e_1$ and $e_2$ are adjacent, and $|f(e_1)-f(e_2)|_m\geq k$ if $e_1$ and $e_2$ are at distance $2$, where $|a|_m=\min\{a,m-a\}$. The minimum $m$ such that $G$ has an $m$-circular-$L(j,k)$-edge-labeling is defined as the circular-$L(j,k)$-edge-labeling number of $G$, denoted by $\sigma_{j,k}'(G)$. This paper determines the circular-$L(2,1)$-edge-labeling numbers of the infinite $\Delta$-regular tree for $\Delta\ge 2$ and the $n$-dimensional cube for $n\in \{2,3,4,5\}$.
Arsénico, cadmio, mercurio y plomo en alimentos importados para mascotas en Costa Rica

Introducción. El consumo de metales pesados puede provocar problemas de salud en los animales. Objetivo. Determinar la concentración de cadmio, mercurio, plomo y arsénico en 34 alimentos balanceados importados y comercializados en Costa Rica para perros, gatos, conejos, hámsteres, tortugas y peces ornamentales. Materiales y métodos. Se cuantificó el contenido de arsénico (As), cadmio (Cd), mercurio (Hg) y plomo (Pb) en alimentos balanceados importados para seis animales de compañía, durante los meses de mayo a octubre del año 2018. De forma aleatoria, se visitaron expendios autorizados de alimentos balanceados y se compraron diez empaques de alimento para perros y gatos, cinco para peces ornamentales, cuatro para tortugas, tres para hámsteres y dos para conejos. Las muestras fueron analizadas en el Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Animal de la Universidad de Costa Rica mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica con atomizador de tubo de grafito (As, Cd, Pb) y de celda de cuarzo (Hg). Resultados. Las concentraciones obtenidas en alimentos para perros y gatos, adultos y cachorros, conejos, hámsteres, peces ornamentales y tortugas, fueron para As de 0,009, 0,013, 0,003, no detectable (ND), ND, 0,036 y 0,113 ppm, respectivamente; para Cd de ND, 0,021, 0,022, 0,031, 0,010, 0,037, 0,139 y 0,043 ppm, respectivamente; para Hg de 0,101, 0,078, 0,045, 0,040, 0,031, 0,045, 0,032 y 0,032 ppm, respectivamente, y para Pb de 0,381, 0,885, 0,573, 0,740, 0,446, 0,732, 0,763 y 0,841 ppm, respectivamente. Conclusión. Los contenidos de metales pesados determinados en alimentos para mascotas, no superaron los valores máximos permitidos para su comercialización. Este trabajo incrementa la información disponible en temas de inocuidad de alimentos balanceados en peces ornamentales, hámsteres, tortugas y conejos; promueve estrategias de monitoreo continuo de estos y la comprensión del potencial real de acumulación en los animales y sus efectos en el bienestar de los mismos.
SOX2 and SOX21 in Lung Epithelial Differentiation and Repair

The lung originates from the ventral foregut and develops into an intricate branched structure of airways, alveoli, vessels and support tissue. As the lung develops, cells become specified and differentiate into the various cell lineages. This process is controlled by specific transcription factors, such as the SRY-related HMG-box genes SOX2 and SOX21, that are activated or repressed through intrinsic and extrinsic signals. Disturbances in any of these processes during the development of the lung may lead to various pediatric lung disorders, such as Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH), Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM) and Broncho-Pulmonary Dysplasia (BPD). Changes in the composition of the airways and the alveoli may result in reduced respiratory function and eventually lead to chronic lung disorders. In this concise review, we describe different intrinsic and extrinsic cellular processes required for proper differentiation of the epithelium during development and regeneration, and the influence of the microenvironment on this process with special focus on SOX2 and SOX21.
Euclea divinorum Hiern: Chemical Profiling of the Leaf Extract and Its Antioxidant Activity In Silico, In Vitro and in Caenorhabditis elegans Model

Euclea divinorum Hiern is a medicinal plant widely distributed in the northeast parts of South Africa. This plant has been used to treat miscarriage and to alleviate gastrointestinal problems. It can also be used externally for the treatment of ulcers and gonorrhea. In this study, we investigated the phytochemical composition of E. divinorum leaf extract using LC-MS and explored its antioxidant properties in vitro and in vivo. The total polyphenolic content of the extract was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method. DPPH and FRAP assays were employed to confirm the plant’s antioxidant potential in vitro. A survival assay in the Caenorhabditis elegans model was used to evaluate the extract’s ability to counteract juglone-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, a docking study was performed for the extract’s metabolites, in order to predict possible molecular targets that could explain the antioxidant effect of the plant on a molecular level. This in silico approach was accomplished on three different proteins; xanthine oxidase enzyme, heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), and induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Docking scores of the resulting poses and their interactions with binding sites’ residues were explored for each protein and were compared to those of simultaneously docked respective co-crystallized and reference substrates. The extract furnished promising antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo in the C. elegans model that might be attributed to the presence of 46 compounds, which showed several interactions and low binding scores with the tested enzymes. In conclusion, E. divinorum is a promising, safe, and effective antioxidant candidate that could be used to ameliorate oxidative stress-related disorders.
Green patents as a determinant of sustainable economic growth

In order to establish sustainable economic growth, governments around the world are increasingly introducing programs to support the environmental aspects of companies' business as part of their policies. In order to meet the demands of the market, and at the same time contribute to the realization of the principle of sustainability, companies increasingly invest in research and development and eco-innovation. The number of green patents is often used as a parameter of the intensity of eco-innovation. The question is how the possession of green patents affects the performance of companies and the economic growth of the national economies in which they operate. The subject of this paper is to consider the impact of green patents on the economic growth of national economies that are leading in the number of applied green patents. The aim of this paper is to determine the relationship between the selected indicators of green patents and the gross domestic product of these national economies.
New trends in stochastic analysis and related topics : a volume in honour of Professor K.D. Elworthy

Stochastic Geometric PDEs (Z Brzezniak et al.) Rough Paths on Manifolds (T Cass et al.) Averaging, Homogenization and Slow Manifolds for Stochastic Partial Differential Equations (J Q Duan et al.) Averaging, Homogenization and Slow Manifolds for Stochastic Partial Differential Equations (J Q Duan et al.) A Burgers-Zeldovich Model for the Formation of Planetesimals via Nelson's Stochastic Mechanics (R Durran et al.) Two Problems Concerning Brownian Motion on a Complete Riemannian Manifold (E P Hsu) Sticky Shuffle Product Hopf Algebras and Their Stochastic Representations (R Hudson) Chain Rules for Levy Flows and Kolmogorov Equations for Associated Jump-Diffusions (H Kunita) The Stochastic Differential Equation Approach to Analysis on Path Space (X-M Li) Pathwise Properties of Random Quadratic Mapping (P Lian & H Z Zhao) Invariant Manifolds for Infinite Dimensional Random Dynamical Systems (K N Lu & B Schmalfuss) Some Topics on Dirichlet Forms (Z M Ma & W Sun) Hamilton - Jacobi Theory and the Stochastic Elementary Formula (A Neate & A Truman).
Quantifying mixed-state quantum entanglement by optimal entanglement witnesses

We develop an approach of quantifying entanglement in mixed quantum states by the optimal entanglement witness operator. We identify the convex set of mixed states for which a single witness provides the exact value of an entanglement measure, and show that the convexity, properties, and symmetries of entanglement or of a target state considerably fix the form of the optimal witness. This greatly reduces difficulty in computing and experimentally determining entanglement measures. As an example, we show how to experimentally quantify bound entanglement in four-qubit noisy Smolin states and three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entanglement under white noise. For general measures and states, we provide a numerical method to efficiently optimize witness.
Radiative Magnetic Reconnection Near Accreting Black Holes

A radiative mechanism is proposed for magnetic flares near luminous accreting black holes. It is based on recent first-principle simulations of magnetic reconnection, which show a hierarchical chain of fast-moving plasmoids. The reconnection occurs in a compact region (comparable to the black hole radius), and the chain experiences fast Compton cooling accompanied by electron–positron pair creation. The distribution of plasmoid speeds is shaped by radiative losses, and the self-regulated chain radiates its energy in hard X-rays. The mechanism is illustrated by Monte-Carlo simulations of the transfer of seed soft photons through the reconnection layer. The emerging radiation spectrum has a cutoff near 100 keV similar to the hard-state spectra of X-ray binaries and AGN. We discuss how the chain cooling differs from previous phenomenological emission models, and suggest that it can explain the hard X-ray activity of accreting black holes from first principles. Particles accelerated at the X-points of the chain produce an additional high-energy component, explaining the “hybrid Comptonization” observed in Cyg X-1.
Tracking in dense environments and its inefficiency measurement using pixel dE/dx

We present a measurement of the charged particle reconstruction inefficiency inside of jet cores, using data collected by the ATLAS experiment in 2015 of pp collisions produced at the LHC, at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV . The determination of this inefficiency is important for jet energy scale and mass calibration, as well as multiple other performance studies and analyses. A data driven method is used, where the fraction of lost particle tracks is determined from energy deposition dE/dx in the pixel detector. The fraction of lost tracks is found to be less than 5%, which is an improvement since the previous study, and agrees well within systematic uncertainties with a Monte Carlo simulation.
Rolling bearing intelligent fault diagnosis method based on IPSO-WCNN

In the bearing fault diagnosis process using the convolution neural network (CNN), there are some problems, such as complex signal data processing and the complex network parameter setting. A rolling bearing fault diagnosis method is proposed to solve these problems based on improved particle swarm optimization and convolution neural networks with wide kernels in first-layer (IPSO-WCNN). The particle self-adaptive jump out algorithm is proposed to overcome particle swarm optimization (PSO) shortcomings. The adaptive inertia weight and the linear change acceleration coefficients are adopted for improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO). The convolution neural networks with wide kernels in first-layer (WCNN) fault diagnosis method is proposed for one-dimensional rolling bearing vibration signals, and the parameters of the WCNN is optimised by IPSO. According to the verification experiments, the proposed method can get higher accuracy than others with good adaptability.
Determination of the Optimal In-Feed Amino Acid Ratio for Japanese Quail Breeders Based on Utilization Efficiency

Simple Summary Breeder reproductive responses are optimized if nutritional, environmental, and health requirements are adequately met. Thus, the ideal concentration of amino acids in the diet must be obtained to prevent excess or deficiency to the animal. This may occur due to the inefficiency in the production or excessive excretion of nitrogen. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the optimal relationship for this nutrient category. These results contribute to ensuring optimal ratios of essential amino acids in the diets of Japanese quail breeders based on amino acid efficiency. Abstract The description of the genetic potential is the first step to estimating amino acid requirements and the ideal amino acid relation (IAAR). The aim of this study was to estimate the parameters that describe the daily maximum theoretical nitrogen retention (NRmaxT, mg/BWkg0.67), daily nitrogen maintenance requirement (NMR, mg/BWkg0.67), protein quality (b), dietary efficiency of the limiting amino acid (bc−1) and determine the lysine requirement and the IAAR for Japanese quail breeders. Two nitrogen balance assays were performed, one assay using 49 quails distributed in seven treatments (protein levels between 70.1 and 350.3 g/kg) and seven replicates and other assay to determine the IAAR by the use of bc−1, 12 treatments and 10 replicate, with a control diet (CD) and 11 treatments that had limited essential amino acids by providing only 60% of the CD. The values obtained for NRmaxT, NMR, b and bc−1 were 3386.61, 0.000486 and 0.000101, respectively. The daily intake of Lys was 291 mg/bird day. Lys was set at 100% for determining the IAAR: 87, 67, 21, 117, 96, 66, 142, 39, and 133 for Met + Cys, Thr, Trp, Arg, Val, Ile, Leu, His, and Phr + Tyr, respectively, for Japanese quail breeders.
Calculation of AC loss in coated conductor coils with a large number of turns

For superconducting coils with many turns, it is widely believed that the magnetic field from magnetization currents is negligible compared with the one generated by the whole coil. This paper shows that this is not the case, from a few turns up to a considerable number of turns (thousands). We introduce a method to accurately calculate the AC loss in coils with virtually any number of turns that takes the magnetization currents into account. The current density and AC loss are analyzed for two windings made of a coated conductor consisting of a stack of 32 pancake coils totaling 768 and 6400 turns, respectively.
AT2018cow: A Luminous Millimeter Transient

We present detailed submillimeter- through centimeter-wave observations of the extraordinary extragalactic transient AT2018cow. The apparent characteristics—the high radio luminosity, the rise and long-lived emission plateau at millimeter bands, and the sub-relativistic velocity—have no precedent. A basic interpretation of the data suggests coupled to a fast but sub-relativistic ( ) shock in a dense ( ) medium. We find that the X-ray emission is not naturally explained by an extension of the radio-submm synchrotron spectrum, nor by inverse Compton scattering of the dominant blackbody UV/optical/IR photons by energetic electrons within the forward shock. By , the X-ray emission shows spectral softening and erratic inter-day variability. Taken together, we are led to invoke an additional source of X-ray emission: the central engine of the event. Regardless of the nature of this central engine, this source heralds a new class of energetic transients shocking a dense medium, which at early times are most readily observed at millimeter wavelengths.
How do customer anxiety levels impact relationship marketing in electronic commerce?

Abstract E-commerce is no longer a transaction in developed countries but has been popular worldwide. However, building long-term customer relationships is challenging for online businesses because of consumers’ anxiety levels in the transaction process. This study aimed to expose the moderating effect of anxiety on relational marketing between the business and customers in the online market. The mixed method was applied to achieve the research objective. Qualitative research was mainly used to confirm and develop research items. Moreover, quantitative research was to test the research hypotheses through a survey of 917 respondents who experienced shopping online and faced severe problems in the past. The positive relationship between perceived mental benefits, online trust, hedonic value, and electronic loyalty was confirmed via Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. The anxiety levels impact the relationship between perceived mental benefits and electronic loyalty, online trust, and electronic loyalty. The mediating role of online trust and hedonic value is confirmed. Finally, the study proposed the managerial implication of maintaining customer relationships by increasing the mental benefits, customer trust, and hedonic value and reducing anxiety.
THE YELLOW SUPERGIANT PROGENITOR OF THE TYPE II SUPERNOVA 2011dh IN M51

We present the detection of the putative progenitor of the Type IIb SN 2011dh in archival pre-explosion Hubble Space Telescope images. Using post-explosion Adaptive Optics imaging with Gemini NIRI+ALTAIR, the position of the supernova (SN) in the pre-explosion images was determined to within 23 mas. The progenitor candidate is consistent with an F8 supergiant star (logL/L☉ = 4.92 ± 0.20 and Teff = 6000 ± 280 K). Through comparison with stellar evolution tracks, this corresponds to a single star at the end of core C-burning with an initial mass of MZAMS = 13 ± 3 M☉. The possibility of the progenitor source being a cluster is rejected, on the basis of: (1) the source not being spatially extended, (2) the absence of excess Hα emission, and (3) the poor fit to synthetic cluster spectral energy distributions (SEDs). It is unclear if a binary companion is contributing to the observed SED, although given the excellent correspondence of the observed photometry to a single star SED we suggest that the companion does not contribute significantly. Early photometric and spectroscopic observations show fast evolution similar to the transitional Type IIb SN 2008ax and suggest that a large amount of the progenitor's hydrogen envelope was removed before explosion. Late-time observations will reveal if the yellow supergiant or the putative companion star were responsible for this SN explosion.
Description of carbon isotopes within relativistic Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory

Within the relativistic Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (RHFB) theory, the structure properties of carbon isotopes are systematically studied. To provide better overall description, the finite-range Gogny force D1S with an adjusted strength factor is adopted as the effective paring interaction in the particle-particle channel. The self-consistent RHFB calculations with density-dependent meson-nucleon couplings indicate the single-neutron halo structures in both C-17 and C-19, whereas the two-neutron halo in C-22 is not well supported. It is also found that close to the neutron drip line there exists distinct odd-even staggering on neutron radii, which is tightly related with the blocking effects, and correspondingly the blocking effect plays a significant role in the single-neutron halo formation. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.87. 034311
INTERNAL AUDIT AND FINANCIAL REPORTING QUALITY: A LITERATURE REVIEW

The purpose of this research; it is examine the relationship between internal auditing and financial reporting quality. In this study, national and international studies investigating the relationship between internal auditing and financial reporting quality were examined in the literature. As a result of the study, it has been determined that it is a positive relationship between the audit committee members being independent and financial expert and the financial reporting quality. It has been determined that the personal characteristics of the members of the audit committee (age, gender, experience) are reflected in the quality of financial reporting, a strong internal audit and internal control system is effective in preventive fraud. In addition, it has been determined that the professional and personal characteristics of the auditors (age, education, experience) are reflected in the financial reporting quality.
University of Birmingham A complete graphical calculus for Spekkens’ Toy Bit theory

While quantum theory cannot be described by a local hidden variable model, it is nevertheless possible to construct such models that exhibit features commonly associated with quantum mechanics. These models are also used to explore the question of ψ -ontic versus ψ -epistemic theories for quantum mechanics. Spekkens’ toy theory is one such model. It arises from classical probabilistic mechanics via a limit on the knowledge an observer may have about the state of a system. The toy theory for the simplest possible underlying system closely resembles stabilizer quantum mechanics, a fragment of quantum theory which is efﬁciently classically simulable but also non-local. Further analysis of the similarities and differences between those two theories can thus yield new insights into what distinguishes quantum theory from classical theories, and ψ -ontic from ψ -epistemic theories. In this paper, we develop a graphical language for Spekkens’ toy theory. Graphical languages offer intuitive and rigorous formalisms for the analysis of quantum mechanics and similar theories. To compare quantum mechanics and a toy model, it is useful to have similar formalisms for both. We show that our language fully describes Spekkens’ toy theory and in particular, that it is complete: meaning any equality that can be derived using other formalisms can also be derived entirely graphically. Our language is inspired by a similar graphical language for quantum mechanics called the ZX-calculus. Thus Spekkens’ toy bit theory and stabilizer quantum mechanics can be analysed and compared using analogous graphical formalisms.
Targeting motifs in frustule-associated proteins from the centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana

The frustule of diatoms has an exceptional structure composed of inorganic and organic molecules. In the organic fraction, protein families were identified whose members are expected to have a complex cellular targeting to their final location within the frustule. Here we investigated for frustule-targeting signals two representatives of the cingulin family, the proteins CinY2 and CinW2; beside an already known, classical signal peptide, we have identified further regions involved in cellular targeting. By using these regions as a search criteria we were able to identify two new frustule proteins. In addition, we showed that the temporal regulation of the gene expression determines the final location of one cingulin. Our results therefore point to a sophisticated cellular and extracellular targeting of frustule components to build the fascinating frustule structure of a diatom.