Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
QUEER REPRESENTATION IN LEADERSHIP EDUCATION: An Integrative Literature Review

Modern leadership educators have shown an increased interest in empowering queer student leaders and making campuses more equitable for queer people. These educators help shape the policies, programs, and curriculums that directly impact how queer people experience higher education. Yet there appears to be a dearth of abundant literature on queer people and their experiences as they relate to leadership education. This integrative literature review explores the existing literature on the relationship between leadership education and the queer community over a thirty-year period. The results suggest that queer people are being represented more equitably than they were thirty years ago, but that representation does not extend to all members of the queer community.
Reducing Correlation Sampling Error in Ensemble Kalman Filter Data Assimilation

AbstractEnsemble Kalman filters are widely used for data assimilation in large geophysical models. Good results with affordable ensemble sizes require enhancements to the basic algorithms to deal with insufficient ensemble variance and spurious ensemble correlations between observations and state variables. These challenges are often dealt with by using inflation and localization algorithms. A new method for understanding and reducing some ensemble filter errors is introduced and tested. The method assumes that sampling error due to small ensemble size is the primary source of error. Sampling error in the ensemble correlations between observations and state variables is reduced by estimating the distribution of correlations as part of the ensemble filter algorithm. This correlation error reduction (CER) algorithm can produce high-quality ensemble assimilations in low-order models without using any a priori localization like a specified localization function. The method is also applied in an observing syst.
Safety helmet detection based on face detection and regression

Wearing a safety helmet can effectively reduce or prevent injury to the worker's head caused by hazardous materials in the construction site. However, due to poor supervision, safety accidents often occur when workers don't wear safety helmets. In this paper, we propose a safety helmet detection algorithm based on face detection and ridge regression. Firstly, we get the location information of the face box and the five key points of the face through face detection algorithm, and then get the helmet detection box corresponding to face through ridge regression model. We collected 4000 images of people wearing helmets for training and testing of ridge regression models. Compared with some of the most advanced methods, we have achieved very good results in the test set. The results show that mIoU reaches 70.118% and the detection rate is improved.
Arp 220: A Circumnuclear Polar Ring as an Alternative to a Double Nucleus?

Recent millimeter interferometer observations of Arp 220 have yielded ~0. ″5 resolution images showing two strong concentrations of millimeter radio continuum and CO line emission embedded in a larger molecular gas disk (r ~ 1 kpc). The interferometer observations also revealed a complex velocity field with steep velocity gradients across each of the flux concentrations of Δv ~ 500 km s-1 within r = 0. ″3. The directions of these gradients are not aligned with each other or with that of the outer gas disk. This led to the conclusion that the two emission peaks represent either double nuclei with their own gas disks (r ~ 100 pc), which are counterrotating with respect to each other and rotate around the dynamical center of the system, or that they are two hot spots within a nuclear molecular gas disk. The overall structure of the molecular gas distribution and the corresponding complex velocity field, however, are highly symmetric, except for the unequal brightnesses of the two flux concentrations. This fact and similarities to the distribution and kinematics of the molecular gas in the central 2′′ of NGC 1068 motivated us to try describing the Arp 220 nucleus as a warped molecular gas disk in which the peaks in the flux and line width distributions arise as a result of crowding of inclined circular orbits. Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images of the dust lanes flaring toward larger radii provide further support for a warped gas disk. The final model is surprisingly successful in explaining the CO line flux distribution, the velocity field, and position-velocity diagrams across the central flux concentrations. The model represents a strong 90° warp of the gas orbits out of the principal plane forming a circumnuclear polar ring and reproduces well the structures in HST near-IR color and continuum maps. The large number of young stars recently formed out of the warped, polar-ring gas implies that those stars will have kinematic properties similar to that of the molecular gas. We suggest that the red near-IR source at the center of the polar ring is the true nucleus of Arp 220. The success of the model implies that the two flux concentrations are not necessarily counterrotating nuclei, but rather the result of a combination of hot spots and orbit crowding due to the warp. The warp could be a direct consequence of the recent merger event indicated by tidal tails in optical images.
HIGH-PRESSURE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND PHASE TRANSITIONS IN MONOCLINIC InSe: X-RAY DIFFRACTION, RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY, AND DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY

D. Errandonea,1 D. Martínez-García,1 A. Segura,1 J. Haines,2 E. Machado-Charry,3 E. Canadell,4 J. C. Chervin,5 and A. Chevy5 1MALTA Consolider Team, Departamento de Física Aplicada-ICMUV, Universitat de València, Edificio de Investigación, c/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain 2Laboratoire de Physicochimie Matiere Condensee, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS, UMR 5617, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France 3Institut Català de Nanotecnologia, Campus de la UAB, Edificio C, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain 4Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain 5IMPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75015 Paris, France Received 22 October 2007; published 22 January 2008
Fully constrained target fraction estimation from noise-reduced hyperspectral images

Estimating abundance fractions of materials in hyperspectral images is a problem often studied in remote sensing. It can be used in reconnaissance and surveillance applications. The major difficulty of fraction estimation in hyperspectral images is due to the fact that the sampling distance is generally larger than the size of the targets of interest. Under this circumstance, estimation should be carried out at the sub-pixel level. In a linear mixture model, the spectrum of a mixed pixel is represented as a linear combination of the endmember spectra present in the pixel area weighted by fractional area coverage. Accurate fraction estimation requires two constraints (SC) imposed on abundance fractions: the abundance sum-to-one constraint and abundance non-negativity constraint (NC). In this article, we present a new fully constrained least squares computational method to estimate abundance fractions. Another contribution of this article is that the estimation is, unlike many other proposed methods, performed on noise-reduced hyperspectral images instead of original images. Experiments using synthetic data and Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data demonstrate that this fully constrained estimation outperforms the unconstrained and partially constrained least squares methods and that noise reduction can considerably improve the capability of our approach when the noise intensity rises.
Quantitative simulation of a magnetospheric substorm 1. Model logic and overview

This and the following two papers report results of the first comprehensive computer simulation of the behavior of the earth's inner magnetosphere during a substorm-type event. Our computer model self-consistently computes electric fields, currents, and plasma distributions and velocities in the inner-magnetosphere/ionosphere system (L ≲10); parallel electric fields and ionospheric neutral winds are not included. In this paper, we derive the basic equations of the model, describe the inputs, and present an overview of results. The first appendix presents derivations of general, useful laws of bounce-averaged gradient, curvature, and drifts in a plasma with isotropic pitch angle distributions. A second appendix describes the numerical method used in our computer simulation. The succeeding two papers present analyses of model results and comparisons with data. The model was applied to a substorm-type event that occurred on September 19, 1976. Satellite data (primarily from the Air Force S3-2 satellite) were used extensively both for boundary conditions and for comparisons with model predictions. Other data were also used as input for our time dependent magnetic field and conductivity models. The S3-2 data for the event show some novel features, independent of the simulation. Dawn-dusk electric fields show a general correlation with east-west magnetic field perturbations. Unexpectedly, two of the passes display substantial regions of sunward plasma flow poleward of the main part of the region 1 Birkeland currents. The cross-polar cap potential drops computed from the data represent the first effort at satellite monitoring of this important parameter during various phases of a substorm, and show an important enhancement during the substorm. Numerical results from these first-try simulations are consistent with most of the established features of convection in the inner magnetosphere, such as generally sunward flow, shielding of the potential electric field for L <5, and the tendency for stronger electric fields on the duskside than on the dawnside. In addition, the model reproduces some typical substorm phenomena, such as energy-dependent particle injection with a dawndusk asymmetry and establishment of a partial ring current.
A study of 1/f noise in the normal state of high-Tc superconductors

1/f noise measurements were done on two classes of materials, TI2Ba2Can-1Cun04+2n (n=2,3) and Y1Ba2Cu30x, that exhibit superconductivity above 77K. In T12Ba2Can-1 CUn04+2n materials, 1/f noise was measured on thin films and bulk samples. The measurements on the bulk samples of these materials are the first reported. The obtained experimental results on these samples indicate that 1/f noise is not an intrinsic property of high-Tc superconductors. Two important facts were discovered. First, a very low noise level was observed in the thin film samples and second, in the superconducting transition region, no enhanced noise was observed for some samples. Both these results, which are important from both physics and engineering point of views, are reported for the first time. In Y1Ba2Cu30x material, measurements of 1/f noise were done on single crystals in order to obtain more fundamental results. The measurements on the single crystals are the first reported. The measurements were performed in two crystallographic directions, ab-planes and coaxes, of the crystals. Noise level and its temperature dependence were found to be similar in both the directions, in spite of a very different resistivity behavior, in the normal state of the material. In the superconducting transition region, anisotropic behavior of 1/f noise was observed. The noise was found to be enhanced by several orders of magnitude along the c-axis of the crystal and no such enhancement of noise was observed in the ab-plane of the crystal. The anisotropic behavior of 1/f noise is the first reported. Possible explanations for the observed anisotropic behavior of noise are discussed along with various models. The plausible sources of 1/f noise in these materials are then argued to be related to tunneling conduction mechanism and thermally activated vortex motion.
Technetium in late-type stars. I. Observations

An analysis of about 90 spectra (11 or 13A/mm) of nonvariable and variable (mostly Mira variables) M, MS, S, CS, and C stars for the presence of the radioactive element technetium (T/sub 1/2/approx. =2 x 10/sup 5/ y) suggests that Tc is most often present at certain variability periods. Stars with no Tc I lines in their spectra can be found at most periods (P-bar=234/sup d/), whereas stars with Tc I lines have periods in most cases in excess of 300 days (P-bar=330/sup d/ +- 83/sup d/). Interpreting our data in terms of kinematic studies by Feast (1963) suggests that the stars with Tc are Pop I and that variables without Tc are largely Pop II type stars.
Placenta-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Pregnancy Complications and Prospects on a Liquid Biopsy for Hemoglobin Bart’s Disease

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-scaled vesicles released from all cell types into extracellular fluids and specifically contain signature molecules of the original cells and tissues, including the placenta. Placenta-derived EVs can be detected in maternal circulation at as early as six weeks of gestation, and their release can be triggered by the oxygen level and glucose concentration. Placental-associated complications such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and gestational diabetes have alterations in placenta-derived EVs in maternal plasma, and this can be used as a liquid biopsy for the diagnosis, prediction, and monitoring of such pregnancy complications. Alpha-thalassemia major (“homozygous alpha-thalassemia-1”) or hemoglobin Bart’s disease is the most severe form of thalassemia disease, and this condition is lethal for the fetus. Women with Bart’s hydrops fetalis demonstrate signs of placental hypoxia and placentomegaly, thereby placenta-derived EVs provide an opportunity for a non-invasive liquid biopsy of this lethal condition. In this article, we introduced clinical features and current diagnostic markers of Bart’s hydrops fetalis, extensively summarize the characteristics and biology of placenta-derived EVs, and discuss the challenges and opportunities of placenta-derived EVs as part of diagnostic tests for placental complications focusing on Bart’s hydrop fetalis.
Competition Analysis on Enterprise Ecosystems via Multiview Relational Hypergraph Embedding

Enterprise competition analysis has long been treated as a crucial task of management science, which can reveal pertinent information about market saturation and business opportunities to support the decision-making process of entrepreneurs and investors. Recently, with the development of graph representation techniques, enterprises could be now formulated in a novel graph-oriented perspective to model their cooperation and competition in a directional graph. However, these prior arts mainly treat the enterprises as individual nodes, while the ecosystems, i.e., enterprise groups formed based on their common interests, and consequent interaction effects have been largely ignored. To address this issue, in this article, by adapting the concept of hypergraph to describe enterprise ecosystems, we propose a novel multiview enterprise relation network (MERN) framework for enterprise competition analysis. Specifically, we first put forward a hypertranslating embedding (HTransE) algorithm inspired by translation distance models for the hyperrelation embedding of ecosystems. Meanwhile, a relational graph convolutional network (RGCN) is designed for ordinary relation embedding, e.g., supplier, client, or competitor. Afterward, considering the commercial diversity in ecosystems, which means that different enterprises may focus on different industry fields, we propose an industry trend embedding module to describe industry distribution and development trend factors for each enterprise. Finally, we apply the self-attention mechanism to integrate these three modules and adapt the bilinear model DistMult for competition link analysis. Extensive experiments on a real-world dataset validate that our solution can achieve better performance compared with several competitive baselines.
The spectrum of 3C 58

Digital spectra of three faint knots in the SNR 3C 58 have been obtained in the wavelength range lambdalambda4700--7300 with the intensified Reticon spectrometer at the 1.3 m telescope of McGraw-Hill Observatory. Emission lines of (S II), (N II), H.cap alpha. , and (O III) were detected with radial velocities less than 100 km s/sup -1/. Although 3C 58 resembles the Crab Nebula in its radio properties and is thought to be the remnant of the supernova observed in A.D. 1181, the relative line intensities and radial velocities reported here more nearly resemble those of the Cygnus Loop and Kepler's SNR.
Cosmic ray acceleration at relativistic shock waves in the presence of oblique magnetic fields with finite-amplitude perturbations

The process of first-order Fermi acceleration at relativistic shock waves is investigated by means of Monte Carlo particle simulations. The simulations are based on numerical integration of the equations of motion of the particles in a perturbed magnetic field. We consider finite-amplitude field perturbations to be a superposition of sinusoidal static waves. The downstream magnetic field structure is obtained from the upstream one by assuming simple plasma compression at the shock for the frozen magnetic field. For shock waves with oblique mean magnetic fields, we confirm our previous finding of non-monotonic change of spectral index with increasing field perturbation amplitude. It is thus possible to have steep spectra with synchrotron spectral indices below −0.5 in relativistic shocks also. In the case of quasi-perpendicular (superluminal) shocks, the acceleration is reduced to a simple compression for small-amplitude magnetic field perturbations
Electrical Properties of Boron-Doped Diamond MOSFETs With Ozone as Oxygen Precursor for Al2O3 Deposition

Boron-doped diamond (B-diamond) MOS capacitors and MOSFETs are fabricated and characterized. The Al2O3 gate insulator is deposited by an atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique with ozone as oxygen precursor. Leakage current density for the Al2O3 (ozone)/B-diamond MOS capacitor is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.7\times 10^{-{5}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> A/cm2 at–9.0 V. Comparing to the capacitance–voltage (CV) curve of the Al2O3 (water)/B-diamond MOS capacitor, there is no residual capacitance and improved negative flat band voltage shift for the Al2O3 (ozone)/B-diamond MOS capacitor. The Al2O3 (ozone)/B-diamond MOSFET operates well with the ON/OFF ratio of around <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{8}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which is much higher than that of the previous Al2O3 (water)/B-diamond MOSFET. After annealing at 500 °C for as long as 10 h, the Al2O3 (ozone)/B-diamond MOSFET can still operate well with the ON/OFF ratio larger than <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{6}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.
Assessment of food security, living condition, personal hygiene health determinants and relations among Almajiri students in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria

Almajiri are students’ is an ancient Islamic system of teaching. This paper assesses food security, personal hygiene, living condition, and violence in Almajiri. Survey using questionnaire and descriptive statistics, and x2 at p < 0.05 were used. Most schools were donated (66.7%), and minority (33.3%) were self-owned. Schools were built with zinc (33.3%), mud (33.3%), and modern tools (33.3%). There are urinals in all the schools (100.0%), overcrowding (100.0%), 66.7% have windows and doors, (33.3%) have no windows and doors. 66. % of the schools have mats for sitting, 33.3% have chairs. Risks found at schools are: open defecation (33.3%), and nearby water (66.7%). Majority of students stay for 4 months before returning home (66.7%), and significant portion of them return after graduation (33.3%). Pertaining personal hygiene 66.7% of the students’ wear shoes, 33.3% do not wear; 66.7% have cleaned clothes, 33.3% dirty clothes, there was no water at 66.7% of the schools, 33.3% have water. 66.7% wash hands after toilet, none wash hands before eating. On food security for Almajiri, 66.7% eat once, 33.3% eat twice daily. They eat Tuwo (33.3%), Gari (33.3%), and unspecified food (33.3%); source of food includes begging (33.3%), external labor (33.3%), and home (33.3%). Types of violence encountered are: weapon use (33.3%), fight (33.3%), and flogging (33.3%). Majority (66.7%) of students like western education, and (33.3%) replied no. All students are feeling their condition psychologically; some are at SS1 (33.3%), JSSI (33.3%), and (33.3%) never attend western school. Poor health determinants exist in Almajiri students in Sokoto.
Messy simulated annealing

The method of simulated annealing is modified so that the concept of messy chromosomes is applied. Constituent genes of messy chromosomes are specified by their respective names (indices) and values (alleles) simultaneously. Unlike simple chromosomes (binary vectors), messy chromosomes may be either under‐ or overspecified with respect to the problem being solved. The messy simulated annealing algorithm is a very robust and efficient stochastic optimization method which is able to find correct minima of deceptive or highly multimodal objective functions. This is shown by way of a number of simulations.
Dynamical behaviour of superconducting resonators under readout-frequency, readout-power, and signal-power switching

The sensitivities, saturation powers, and response times of Kinetic Inductance Detectors depend on the degree to which the quasiparticle and phonon temperatures differ when readout and signal power are applied. Previously, we proposed a model for saturation in KIDs, and found that hysteretic switching, which is seen experimentally, emerges from the model in a natural way. Here we extend our work, and show through a diagrammatic rep- resentation of operating-point trajectories that output pulse shapes can be calculated for non-hysteretic and hysteretic changes of state driven by readout-frequency, readout-power, and signal-power pulses. The work has several applications: (i) Understanding quasiparticle and phonon relaxation, and their dependence on film and substrate thickness. (ii) Recovering quasiparticle cooling functions from measurements. (iii) Understanding the relationship between optimum readout power and device and material parameters. (iv) Characterising the time-dependent behaviour of photon-counting KIDs, including nonlinearity and pile up.
Interstellar Dust Grain Alignment

Interstellar polarization at optical-to-infrared wavelengths is known to arise from asymmetric dust grains aligned with the magnetic field. This effect provides a potentially powerful probe of magnetic field structure and strength if the details of the grain alignment can be reliably understood. Theory and observations have recently converged on a quantitative, predictive description of interstellar grain alignment based on radiative processes. The development of a general, analytical model for this radiative alignment torque (RAT) theory has allowed specific, testable predictions for realistic interstellar conditions. We outline the theoretical and observational arguments in favor of RAT alignment, as well as reasons the “classical” paramagnetic alignment mechanism is unlikely to work, except possibly for the very smallest grains. With further detailed characterization of the RAT mechanism, grain alignment and polarimetry promise to not only better constrain the interstellar magnetic field but also provi.
An infrared probe of tunable dielectrics in metal-oxide-semiconductor structures

Acomposite metal-polymer electrode is designed to investigate electric-field-induced changes of the dielectric function of gate insulators in metal-oxide-semiconductor structures using infrared spectroscopy. We studied structures based on TiO2 dielectric insulator on doped silicon, a combination commonly used in field-effect transistors. It is shown that the voltage-induced changes of the dielectric constant in TiO2 originate from a modification of the lattice vibration modes of this compound. © 2005 American Institute of Physics. DOI: 10.1063/1.1942645