Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the relative importance of radiative and dynamical heating for tropical tropopause temperatures

The tropical tropopause layer (TTL) shows a curious stratification structure: temperature continues to decrease beyond the level of main convective outflow (∼200 hPa) up to the cold point tropopause (∼100 hPa), but the TTL is more stably stratified than the upper troposphere. A cold point tropopause well separated from the level of main convective outflow has previously been shown to be consistent with the detailed radiative balance in the TTL even without dynamical effects. However, the TTL is also controlled by adiabatic cooling due to large‐scale upwelling within the Brewer‐Dobson circulation, which creates the extremely low stratospheric water vapor content via freeze drying. Here we study the role of water vapor and ozone radiative heating on the detailed temperature structure of the TTL based on idealized single‐column radiative‐convective equilibrium simulations. An atmosphere without adiabatic cooling due to upwelling results in much higher stratospheric water vapor content; the resulting altered radiative heating structure is shown to push the TTL in a regime of radiative control by water vapor. The TTL structure is furthermore shown to be strongly sensitive to the altitude where ozone sharply transitions from tropospheric to stratospheric values. Adiabatic cooling due to upwelling is found to reduce the radiative control by water vapor, resulting primarily in a negative transport‐radiation feedback. Conversely, the radiative control by ozone is enhanced due to upwelling—a positive transport‐radiation feedback. The particularly strong ozone radiative effect may explain about half of the reported spread in cold point temperatures (∼10 K) in current climate models.
Correction de l’effet du biais d’échantillonnage dans la modélisation de la qualité des habitats écologiques : application au principal vecteur du paludisme en Guyane française

Les modeles de distribution d’especes ont ete identifiees comme pertinents pour cartographier et caracteriser la qualited’habitat des moustiques vecteurs du paludisme, Anopheles, afin de participer a l’estimation du risque de transmission decette maladie et a la definition de strategies de lutte anti-vectorielle ciblees. La transmission du paludisme depend de lapresence et de la distribution des vecteurs, qui dependent elles-memes des conditions environnementales definissant laqualite des habitats ecologiques des Anopheles. Cependant, dans certaines regions, les donnees de captures d’Anophelessont rares, et rend difficile la cartographie de leurs habitats. De plus, le recueil de ces donnees est tres souvent soumis a desbiais d’echantillonnage.Cette these fournit une solution a la cartographie des vecteurs du paludisme, en considerant deux aspects tres peu etudiesdans la modelisation : le faible nombre de sites de presence disponibles et l’existence d’un biais d’echantillonnage. Unemethode originale de correction de l’effet du biais d’echantillonnage est proposee puis appliquee a des donnees de presencedu principal vecteur du paludisme en Guyane, Anopheles darlingi. Un modele de distribution d’An. darlingi a ensuite eteconstruit, permettant d’obtenir une carte de qualite d’habitat en coherence avec la connaissance des entomologistes etfournissant des performances de prediction elevees. La methode de correction proposee a ensuite ete comparee auxmethodes existantes dans un contexte applicatif caracterise par la rarete des donnees d’occurrence de l’espece et lapresence d’un biais d’echantillonnage. Les resultats montrent que la methode developpee est adaptee aux cas ou le nombrede sites de presence est faible. Cette these contribue, d’une part, a combler les lacunes theoriques et d’applicabilite desmethodes actuelles visant a corriger l’effet des biais d’echantillonnage et, d’autre part, a completer la connaissance sur ladistribution spatiale et la bioecologie du principal vecteur du paludisme en Guyane francaise.
Comparative Evaluation of Three Schaake Shuffle Schemes in Postprocessing GEFS Precipitation Ensemble Forecasts

AbstractNatural weather systems possess certain spatiotemporal variability and correlations. Preserving these spatiotemporal properties is a significant challenge in postprocessing ensemble weather forecasts. To address this challenge, several rank-based methods, the Schaake Shuffle and its variants, have been developed in recent years. This paper presents an extensive assessment of the Schaake Shuffle and its two variants. These schemes differ in how the reference multivariate rank structure is established. The first scheme (SS-CLM), an implementation of the original Schaake Shuffle method, relies on climatological observations to construct rank structures. The second scheme (SS-ANA) utilizes precipitation event analogs obtained from a historical archive of observations. The third scheme (SS-ENS) employs ensemble members from the Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS). Each of the three schemes is applied to postprocess precipitation ensemble forecasts from the GEFS for its first three forecast days over.
Effects of Weather Hazards on Traffic Volume: A Case Study Focused on Atlanta, GA

ix CHAPTER
Determination of Soil Aggregate Stability in Different Types and Amounts of Organic Matter in Khuzestan Plain, Iran

In soils under wheat cultivation, soil aggregates stability is increased and destructive effects of erosion decreased, due to organic matters (OM) application. This trail was conducted in Shavoor agriculture research station to determine of mean weight diameter (MWD) under different organic matter sources and amounts in Khuzestan province (at south west of Iran) via a split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications during three year. Main factor included seven kind of manure (Cattle and hen manures, sugarcane filtercack and baggass, wheat straw and green manure which compared with control, without any organic manures) and three amount of manure (2.5, 5 and 10 t.ha) belonged to sub factor. Result of analysis of variance showed effect of different source of OM and interaction effect of treatments (Different sources and amounts OM) on MWD was significant at 5% probability level but effect of year and sub factor on mention trait was not significant. Finally, in order to increase soil aggregates stability under climate and soil in the studied area, is advised before wheat planting at least 2.5 t.ha of organic matter cellulose such as cereal residues and or sugarcane bagasse to be used. Compliance with this recommendation, after at least 4 to 5 years, the positive effect of OM increase in aggregate stability is evident.
The Potential of Pediococcus acidilactici Cell-Free Supernatant as a Preservative in Food Packaging Materials

This study delves into the production and antimicrobial characteristics of cell-free supernatants from Pediococcus acidilactici (CFSs-Pa). Antimicrobial activity was initially observed in CFS-Pa harvested after 12 h of incubation and increased up to the late stationary phase at 48 h. The increase in antimicrobial activity did not align with total protein content, pointing to other factors linked to the accumulation of organic acids, particularly lactic acid. The SDS-PAGE analysis also indicated that the expected proteinaceous compound (pediocin) was not observed in CFS-Pa. Further investigations suggested that the antimicrobial properties of CFS-Pa were exclusively due to organic acids. The MIC values confirmed potent antimicrobial activity, particularly at a 10% dilution of CFS-Pa in MRS broth. The time–kill assays demonstrated bactericidal activity against EHEC, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus by 12 h, 18 h, and 24 h using a 10% dilution of CFS-Pa. Additionally, CFS-Pa exhibited dose-dependent antioxidant activity, requiring a 70% (v/v) concentration to inhibit DPPH scavenging activity by 50%. All the experimental results suggested potential applications of CFS-Pa in food preservation. An attempt to incorporate CFS-Pa into bacterial cellulose (BC) for edible food packaging demonstrated promising antimicrobial results, particularly against L. monocytogenes and S. aureus, with room for optimization.
Towards a high-accuracy geological model of the 67P comet

It was recently shown that the layered structure of each of the two lobes of comet 67P/ChuryumovGerasimenko (67P) can be modelled as a set of concentric ellipsoidal shells. The ellipsoidal model is able to correctly predict the major layering-related features on the comet surface; however, the ellipsoidal model is a first order approximation of a more complex internal structure. A better description of this latter requires an improved model. In this contribution preliminary results in building a refined three-dimensional model of the comet are presented with focus on the Small Lobe. The model is realized using a 3D geo-modeling technique that embeds linear and planar features (layer joints and terraces) as well as other geometric characteristics (e.g. vectorial fields) as constraints, influencing the reconstruction of the comet layered structure. Results allow accounting for features that are not predicted by the ellipsoidal model, therefore such refined 3D model is a step towards a model of the comet nucleus that may clues useful in unraveling the complex history that shaped it to its present configuration.
The Role of Emotions in Consumer Brand Loyalty: A Neuromarketing Approach

In today's competitive marketplace, cultivating and maintaining consumer brand loyalty is a paramount objective for businesses. While traditional marketing research has explored various factors influencing brand loyalty, the role of emotions, often overlooked in the past, has gained prominence in recent years. This research delves into the intricate relationship between emotions and consumer brand loyalty, employing a cutting-edge neuromarketing approach to uncover the subconscious processes at play. By utilizing neuroimaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG), this study seeks to unveil the neural mechanisms that underlie emotional responses to brands. Through carefully designed experiments and data analysis, the research aims to identify specific emotional triggers that elicit brand loyalty and evaluate the neurological basis of these responses. Furthermore, this investigation will explore how various emotional states, including joy, trust, and nostalgia, influence different aspects of brand loyalty, such as repeat purchases, positive word-of-mouth, and resistance to competitive alternatives. By pinpointing the neurological signatures of emotional brand attachment, marketers can develop more precise and effective strategies to foster and strengthen consumer brand loyalty. The findings of this research hold significant implications for marketing practitioners
Floral visitors of three species of Corallorhiza in Monte Tláloc, Texcoco, Estado De México, Mexico

Corallorhiza is a genus of mycoheterotrophic orchids that includes 12 species, most of them restricted to North and Central America. In Mexico, there are seven taxa, distributed throughout the country, except for seven of the 32 Mexican states; in Estado de México all of them are present. The Orchidaceae is known for its diversity of pollination syndromes; however, for the more than 200 species of mycoheterotrophic orchids, little has been studied about their floral visitors and pollinators, and for the Mexican species of Corallorhiza nothing is known to date. Our goal was to document photographically and identify all the floral visitors of three sympatric species of the genus in Monte Tláloc, municipality of Texcoco, Estado de México. We observed individuals of Araneae, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, and Hymenoptera visiting flowers of Corallorhiza macrantha, C. macrantha × C. maculata, C. maculata, and C. striata. Only Ocyptamus coeruleus and Platycheirus sp. (Diptera: Syrphidae) were found carrying pollinaria on their thorax. These are the first records of potential pollinators for the genus Corallorhiza in Mexico.
Bayesian based Prognostic Model for Predictive Maintenance of Offshore Wind Farms

The operation and maintenance costs of offshore wind farms can be significantly reduced if existing corrective actions are performed as efficient as possible and if future corrective actions are avoided by performing sufficient preventive actions. In this paper a prognostic model for degradation monitoring, fault prediction and predictive maintenance of offshore wind components is defined.The diagnostic model defined in this paper is based on degradation, remaining useful lifetime and hybrid inspection threshold models. The defined degradation model is based on an exponential distribution with stochastic scale factor modelled by a normal distribution. Once based on failures, inspection or condition monitoring data sufficient observations on the degradation level of a component are available, using Bayes’ rule and Normal-Normal model prior exponential parameters of the degradation model can be updated. The components of the diagnostic model defined in this paper are further explained within several illustrative examples. At the end, conclusions are given and recommendations for future studies on this topic are discussed.
Comparative Analysis of Characteristic Volatile Compounds in Five Types of Infant Nutrition Powders by HS-GC-IMS and GC-MS

This study employed the headspace-gas chromatography-ion migration spectrum (HS-GC-IMS) in conjunction with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) technique for the assessment of the flavor quality of complementary food powder intended for infants and young children. A total of 62 volatile compounds were identified, including aldehydes, esters, alcohols, ketones, pyrazines, and furans, among which aldehydes were the most abundant compounds. Based on the principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models, infant nutritional powder (YYB) from different manufacturers could be clearly distinguished. Among them, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 1, 2-dimethoxyethane, 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine, and methyl butyrate were the four most critical differential volatiles. In addition, these differences were also manifested in changes in fatty acids. The reason for this phenomenon can be attributed to the difference in the proportion of raw materials used in nutrition powder, micronutrient content, and the packaging process. In conclusion, this study provides comprehensive information on the flavor quality of YYB, which can be used as a basis for quality control of YYB.
Mulch application as the overarching factor explaining increase in soil organic carbon stocks under conservation agriculture in two 8-year-old experiments in Zimbabwe

Abstract. Conservation agriculture (CA), combining reduced or no tillage, permanent soil cover, and improved rotations, is often promoted as a climate-smart practice. However, our understanding of the impact of CA and its respective three principles on top- and subsoil organic carbon stocks in the low-input cropping systems of sub-Saharan Africa is rather limited. This study was conducted at two long-term experimental sites established in Zimbabwe in 2013. The soil types were abruptic Lixisols at Domboshava Training Centre (DTC) and xanthic Ferralsol at the University of Zimbabwe farm (UZF). The following six treatments, which were replicated four times, were investigated: conventional tillage (CT), conventional tillage with rotation (CTR), no tillage (NT), no tillage with mulch (NTM), no tillage with rotation (NTR), and no tillage with mulch and rotation (NTMR). Maize (Zea mays L.) was the main crop, and treatments with rotation included cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.). The soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration and soil bulk density were determined for samples taken from depths of 0–5, 5–10, 10–15, 15–20, 20–30, 30–40, 40–50, 50–75 and 75–100 cm. Cumulative organic inputs to the soil were also estimated for all treatments. SOC stocks at equivalent soil mass were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the NTM, NTR and NTMR treatments compared with the NT and CT treatments in the top 5 cm and top 10 cm layers at UZF, while SOC stocks were only significantly higher in the NTM and NTMR treatments compared with the NT and CT treatments in the top 5 cm at DTC. NT alone had a slightly negative impact on the top SOC stocks. Cumulative SOC stocks were not significantly different between treatments when considering the whole 100 cm soil profile. Our results show the overarching role of crop residue mulching in CA cropping systems with respect to enhancing SOC stocks but also that this effect is limited to the topsoil. The highest cumulative organic carbon inputs to the soil were observed in NTM treatments at the two sites, and this could probably explain the positive effect on SOC stocks. Moreover, our results show that the combination of at least two CA principles including mulch is required to increase SOC stocks in these low-nitrogen-input cropping systems.
Meteoric water and glacial melt in the southeastern Amundsen Sea: a time series from 1994 to 2020

Abstract. Ice sheet mass loss from Antarctica is greatest in the Amundsen Sea sector, where “warm” modified Circumpolar Deep Water moves onto the continental shelf and melts and thins the bases of ice shelves hundreds of meters below the sea surface. We use nearly 1000 paired salinity and oxygen isotope analyses of seawater samples collected on seven expeditions from 1994 to 2020 to produce a time series of glacial meltwater inventory for the southeastern Amundsen Sea continental shelf. Deep water column salinity–δ18O relationships yield freshwater end-member δ18O values from -31.3±1.0‰ to -28.4±1.0‰, consistent with the isotopic composition of local glacial ice. We use a two-component meteoric water end-member approach that accounts for precipitation in the upper water column, and a pure glacial meteoric water end-member is employed for the deep water column. Meteoric water inventories are comprised of nearly pure glacial meltwater in deep shelf waters and of >74 % glacial meltwater in the upper water column. Total meteoric water inventories range from 8.1±0.7 to 9.6±0.8 m and exhibit greater interannual variability than trend over the study period, based on the available data. The relatively long residence time in the southeastern Amundsen Sea allows changes in mean meteoric water inventories to diagnose large changes in local melt rates, and improved understanding of regional circulation could produce well-constrained glacial meltwater fluxes. The two-component meteoric end-member technique improves the accuracy of the sea ice melt and meteoric fractions estimated from seawater δ18O measurements throughout the entire water column and increases the utility for the broader application of these estimates.
Design and Control of Upper Limb Rehabilitation Training Robot Based on a Magnetorheological Joint Damper

In recent years, rehabilitation robots have been developed and used in rehabilitation training for patients with hemiplegia. In this paper, a rehabilitation training robot with variable damping is designed to train patients with hemiplegia to recover upper limb function. Firstly, a magnetorheological joint damper (MR joint damper) is designed for the rehabilitation training robot, and its structural design and dynamic model are tested theoretically and experimentally. Secondly, the rehabilitation robot is simplified into a spring-damping system, and the rehabilitation training controller for human movement is designed. The rehabilitation robot dynamically adjusts the excitation current according to the feedback speed and human–machine interaction torque, so that the rehabilitation robot always outputs a stable torque. The magnetorheological joint damper acts as a clutch to transmit torque safely and stably to the robot joint. Finally, the upper limb rehabilitation device is tested. The expected torque is set to 20 N, and the average value of the output expected torque during operation is 20.02 N, and the standard deviation is 0.635 N. The output torque has good stability. A fast (0.5 s) response can be achieved in response to a sudden motor speed change, and the average expected output torque is 20.38 N and the standard deviation is 0.645 N, which can still maintain the stability of the output torque.
ECONOMICS OF PESTICIDE USE IN PIGEON PEA IN VIJAYAPURA DISTRICT, KARNATAKA

The present study was conducted to analyze the economics of pesticide use in pigeon pea crop in Vijayapura district during 2013-14. Multistage sampling procedure was employed for selection of district, taluks (5), villages (20) and sample farmers (120) which composed of 60 IPM and remaining 60 non-IPM farmers. For conducting this study, Vijayapura district was purposively selected based on highest area under pigeon pea in UAS Dharwad jurisdiction. Budgeting technique was used to estimate the total cost and returns. Cobb-Douglas production function was employed to analyse the resource use efficiency. The majority of farmers belonged to large farmers (46.67%) and (56.67%) and area under pigeon pea (2.91 hectares) and (3.18 hectares) in IPM and non-IPM farmers, respectively. The pesticide share in total cost was highest in case of non-IPM farmers (29%) and it was only (19%) in IPM farmers. B:C ratio was higher in IPM farms (1.23) as compared to non-IPM farms (1.12). IPM famers used less contact insecticides than non-IPM farmers with a marginal differences in case of frequency (1.04 times), quantity (0.45 litre) and cost (Rs. 535). Frequency distribution of pesticides use intensity was maximum (2.5 to 5 liters per hectare) with 45 and 30 sample farmers observed in IPM and non-IPM farms, respectively. IPM farmers used more of systemic pesticide while, non-IPM farmers used more of contact insecticides. Most of the farmers used power sprayers for spraying of chemicals and dispose-off the washed water and pesticide empty containers in field itself. The MVP to MFC ratio was negative for chemical fertilizers, plant protection chemicals and seeds, judicious use of these resources would decrease production cost. The farmers should be educated to identify the threshold level of pest infestation and to take measures only after that instead of blindly following the neighbouring farmers while spraying pesticides.
Reimagining work but operating with a no off button: experiences of working mothers in India during the COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose This study focuses on the work from home experiences of professional, middle and upper middle class married women with children in India during the COVID-19-induced lockdowns. This study aims to examine the experiences of changing nature of work and gendered realities of work–life balance for working mothers while working from home during the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight working mothers at three different time points during the lockdown in the city of Hyderabad in India. Findings A thematic analysis revealed changed work practices that required adapting, reinventing and reimagining new ways of working. This was time consuming albeit a satisfying experience for working mothers. At the same time, the blurring between home and work meant working mothers were operating without an off button. Research limitations/implications The findings show that the existing gender inequalities in sharing the domestic burden unravelled fast in the absence of support structures. Originality/value The authors give voice to the lived experiences of working mothers of managing both work and home and how they navigated challenges during the lockdown.