Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stability of stationary-axisymmetric black holes in vacuum general relativity to axisymmetric electromagnetic perturbations

We consider arbitrary stationary and axisymmetric black holes in general relativity in (d+1) dimensions (with d⩾3) that satisfy the vacuum Einstein equation and have a non-degenerate horizon. We prove that the canonical energy of axisymmetric electromagnetic perturbations is positive definite. This establishes that all vacuum black holes are stable to axisymmetric electromagnetic perturbations. Our results also hold for asymptotically de Sitter black holes that satisfy the vacuum Einstein equation with a positive cosmological constant. Our results also apply to extremal black holes provided that the initial perturbation vanishes in a neighborhood of the horizon.
A square entropy stable flux limiter for $P_NP_M$ schemes

We study some theoretical aspects of $P_NP_M$ schemes, which are a novel class of high order accurate reconstruction based discontinuous Galerkin (DG) schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws. The PNPM schemes store and evolve the discrete solution $u_h$ under the form of piecewise polynomials of degree $N$, while piecewise polynomials $w_h$ of degree $M \geq N$ are used for the computation of the volume and boundary fluxes. The piecewise polynomials $w_h$ are obtained from $u_h$ via a suitable reconstruction or recovery operator. The $P_NP_M$ approach contains high order finite volume methods ($N=0$) as well as classical DG schemes ($N=M$) as special cases of a more general framework. Furthermore, for $N \neq M$ and $N>0$, it leads to a new intermediate class of methods, which can be denoted either as Hermite finite volume or as reconstructed DG methods. We show analytically why $P_NP_M$ methods for $N \neq M$ are, in general, not $L^2$-diminishing. To this end, we extend the well-known cell entropy inequality and the following $L^2$ stability result of Jiang and Shu for DG methods (i.e. for $N=M$) to the general $P_NP_M$ case and identify which part in the reconstruction step may cause the instability. With this insight we design a flux limiter that enforces a cell square entropy inequality and thus an $L^2$ stability condition for $P_NP_M$ schemes for scalar conservation laws in one space dimension. Furthermore, in this paper we prove existence and uniqueness of the solution of the $P_NP_M$ reconstruction operator.
Macdonald symmetry at $q=1$ and a new class of inv-preserving bijections on words

We give a direct combinatorial proof of the $q,t$-symmetry relation $\tilde H_{\mu}(X;q,t)=\tilde H_{\mu'}(X;t,q)$ in the Macdonald polynomials $\tilde H_\mu$ at the specialization $q=1$. The bijection demonstrates that the Macdonald inv statistic on the permutations of any given row of a Young diagram filling is Mahonian. Moreover, our bijection gives rise a family of new bijections on words that preserves the classical Mahonian inv statistic.
Metabolic network changes during skotomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana mutant (atdfb‐3)

Abstract The metabolic networks underlying skotomorphogenesis in seedlings remain relatively unknown. On the basis of our previous study on the folate metabolism in seedlings grown in darkness, the plastidial folylpolyglutamate synthetase gene (AtDFB) T‐DNA insertion Arabidopsis thaliana mutant (atdfb‐3) was examined. Under the nitrate‐sufficient condition, the mutant exhibited deficient folate metabolism and hypocotyl elongation, which affected skotomorphogenesis. Further analyses revealed changes to multiple intermediate metabolites related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the etiolated atdfb‐3 seedlings. Specifically, the sugar, polyol, and fatty acid contents decreased in the atdfb‐3 mutant under the nitrate‐sufficient condition, whereas the abundance of various organic acids and amino acids increased. In response to nitrate‐limited stress, multiple metabolites, including sugars, polyols, fatty acids, organic acids, and amino acids, accumulated more in the mutant than in the wild‐type control. The differences in the contents of multiple metabolites between the atdfb‐3 and wild‐type seedlings decreased following the addition of exogenous 5‐F‐THF under both nitrogen conditions. Additionally, the mutant accumulated high levels of one‐carbon metabolites, such as Cys, S‐adenosylmethionine, and S‐adenosylhomocysteine, under both nitrogen conditions. Thus, our data demonstrated that the perturbed folate metabolism in the atdfb‐3 seedlings, which was caused by the loss‐of‐function mutation to AtDFB, probably altered carbon and nitrogen metabolism, thereby modulating skotomorphogenesis. Furthermore, the study findings provide new evidence of the links among folate metabolism, metabolic networks, and skotomorphogenesis.
Design and high power operation of a stress-induced single-polarization single-transverse mode LMA Yb-doped photonic crystal fiber

Photonic crystal fibers consisting of a solid fused silica core surrounded by a regular array of sub-micron air-holes have been shown to operate with single mode core well above 30 μm in active laser geometries as well as passive beam delivery fibers. Novel designs based on the combination of stress applying elements that are index matched to the holey cladding have recently been emerged. In this report we summarize the properties of these polarization maintaining photonic crystal fibers. Beside the characterization of the polarizing window and birefringence, high power laser and amplifier configurations using these fibers are demonstrated and first experiments concerning the temperature sensitivity of the polarizing properties are presented.
Large-x analysis of an operator valued Riemann-Hilbert problem

The purpose of this paper is to push forward the theory of operator-valued Riemann Hilbert problems and demonstrate their effectiveness in respect to the implementation of a non-linear steepest descent method \textit{\'{a} la} Deift-Zhou. In the present paper, we demonstrate that the operator-valued Riemann--Hilbert problem arising in the characterisation of so-called $c$-shifted integrable integral operators allows one to extract the large-$x$ asymptotics of the Fredholm determinant associated with such operators.
Balanced vertices in labeled rooted trees

In a rooted tree, we call a vertex {\em balanced} if it is at equal distance from all its descendant leaves. We count balanced vertices in three different tree varieties. For decreasing binary trees, we can prove that the probability that a vertex chosen uniformly at random from the set of all trees of a given size is balanced is monotone decreasing.
Spectral-Element Spectral-Integral (SESI) Method for Doubly Periodic Problems With 3-D Scatterers Embedded in Multiple Regions of Layered Media

In this work, a hybrid 3-D spectral-element spectral-integral (SESI) method is developed by combining the spectral element method (SEM) and spectral integral method (SIM) for the fast evaluation of electromagnetic (EM) scattering from double Bloch (Floquet) periodic problems with 3-D scatterers embedded in multiple regions of layered media. This 3-D SESI method is a further extension of the previously developed 2-D SESI method. In the proposed method, the computational domain is divided into several SEM and SIM subdomains, where the subdomains are coupled by Riemann transmission conditions (RTCs) to allow the use of nonconforming meshes for these subdomains. Meanwhile, the 3-D periodic layered medium Green’s function (PLMGF) is derived and employed to simulate 3-D structures in layered media without their volumetric discretization. Four numerical experiments show that the developed SIM method is highly efficient and accurate; the SESI method is more efficient than the traditional finite element method (FEM), thus is a promising solver for designing and optimizing frequency selective surfaces (FSSs), metamaterials, and metasurfaces.
Growth and characterization of AlInGaN quaternary alloys

We report on the deposition of AlyInxGa1−x−yN in the (0<y<0.15) and (0<x<0.14) composition range by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. AlInGaN quaternary alloys offer a lattice‐matched platform for InGaN‐based light emitting heterostructure devices. Epitaxial growth of AlInGaN on (0001) sapphire substrates has been achieved at 750 °C. Alloy composition, lattice constants, and band gaps were obtained by energy dispersive spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and room temperature PL. Band edge emissions dominate the PL spectra of these quaternary films. Preliminary data suggest that the lattice constant of AlInGaN can be deduced from chemical composition using Vegard’s law, indicating solid solution in the grown quaternary films.
AN ALTERNATIVE GEOMETRY FOR QUANTUM-DOT CELLULAR AUTOMATA

Previous research on quantum cellular automata devices has restricted the cells to a single plane. In this paper, a noncoplanar arrangement is considered. These noncoplanar devices are found to be capable of implementing the same logical functions as conventional quantum cellular automata cells, and they typically require 50% of the area required by the conventional devices. Devices simulated in this paper include wires, corners, majority logic devices, wire crossings, inverters, and exclusive-OR gates. The proposed cellular arrangement is actually biplanar, which simplifies fabrication significantly.
Emergence of nontrivial minimizers for the
three-dimensional Ohta–Kawasaki energy

This paper is concerned with the diffuse interface Ohta-Kawasaki energy in three space dimensions, in a periodic setting, in the parameter regime corresponding to the onset of non-trivial minimizers. We identify the scaling in which a sharp transition from asymptotically trivial to non-trivial minimizers takes place as the small parameter characterizing the width of the interfaces between the two phases goes to zero, while the volume fraction of the minority phases vanishes at an appropriate rate. The value of the threshold is shown to be related to the optimal binding energy solution of Gamow's liquid drop model of the atomic nucleus. Beyond the threshold the average volume fraction of the minority phase is demonstrated to grow linearly with the distance to the threshold. In addition to these results, we establish a number of properties of the minimizers of the sharp interface screened Ohta-Kawasaki energy in the considered parameter regime. We also establish rather tight upper and lower bounds on the value of the transition threshold.
Pseudo spectral collocation with Maxwell polynomials for kinetic equations with energy diffusion

We study the approximation and stability properties of a recently popularized discretization strategy for the speed variable in kinetic equations, based on pseudo-spectral collocation on a grid defined by the zeros of a non-standard family of orthogonal polynomials called Maxwell polynomials. Taking a one-dimensional equation describing energy diffusion due to Fokker–Planck collisions with a Maxwell–Boltzmann background distribution as the test bench for the performance of the scheme, we find that Maxwell based discretizations outperform other commonly used schemes in most situations, often by orders of magnitude. This provides a strong motivation for their use in high-dimensional gyrokinetic simulations. However, we also show that Maxwell based schemes are subject to a non-modal time stepping instability in their most straightforward implementation, so that special care must be given to the discrete representation of the linear operators in order to benefit from the advantages provided by Maxwell polynomials.
An application of coincidence degree theory to cyclic feedback type systems associated with nonlinear differential operators

Using Mawhin's coincidence degree theory, we obtain some new continuation theorems which are designed to have as a natural application the study of the periodic problem for cyclic feedback type systems. We also discuss some examples of vector ordinary differential equations with a $\phi$-Laplacian operator where our results can be applied.
Brane cosmological solutions in six-dimensional warped flux compactifications

We study cosmology on a conical brane in the six-dimensional Einstein–Maxwell-dilaton system, where the extra dimensions are compactified by a magnetic flux. We systematically construct exact cosmological solutions using the fact that the system is equivalently described by (6+n)-dimensional pure Einstein–Maxwell theory via dimensional reduction. In particular, we find a power-law inflationary solution for a general dilatonic coupling. When the dilatonic coupling is given by that of Nishino–Sezgin chiral supergravity, this reduces to the known solution which is not inflating. The power-law solution is shown to be the late-time attractor. We also investigate cosmological tensor perturbations in this model using the (6+n)-dimensional description. We obtain the separable equation of motion and find that there always exists a zero mode, while tachyonic modes are absent in the spectrum. The mass spectrum of Kaluza–Klein modes is obtained numerically.
Semi-automatic modeling of tongue surfaces using volumetric structural MRI

Although volumetric magnetic resonance imaging has proven to be a valuable tool in the study of consonant production (Narayanan etal., 1995; Kroger etal., 2000), its utility is limited by the difficulty and laboriousness of reliably extracting tissue boundaries from imaging data. Current methods typically involve manual segmentation of air-tissue boundaries (e.g., Birkholz, 2006). Conventional automated (Atkins, 1998) and semi-automated (Ashton etal., 1995) methods used for the segmentation of brain MRI datasets may not be directly applicable to lingual segmentation because they are designed to work with different anatomical features. We present a method for extracting tongue surfaces from hi-resolution volumetric MRI data with limited user intervention. For each vocal tract volume to be analyzed, a lingual bounding box and search seed was first specified by an expert user, and voxel intensity was normalized across the region of interest. Lingual surfaces were automatically identified using a multi-pass r.
Analysis of the Potential Relationship between Aging and Pulmonary Fibrosis Based on Transcriptome

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an age-related interstitial lung disease with a high incidence in the elderly. Although many reports have shown that senescence can initiate pulmonary fibrosis, the relationship between aging and pulmonary fibrosis has not been explained systematically. In our study, young and old rats were intratracheally instilled with bleomycin (1 mg/kg), and the basic pathological indexes were determined using a commercial kit, hematoxylin, and eosin (H&E) and Masson’s Trichrome staining, immunohistochemistry, immunohistofluorescence, and q-PCR. Then, the lung tissues of rats were sequenced by next-generation sequencing for transcriptome analysis. Bioinformatics was performed to analyze the possible differences in the mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis between aged and young rats. Finally, the related cytokines were determined by q-PCR and ELISA. The results indicate that pulmonary fibrosis in old rats is more serious than that in young rats under the same conditions. Additionally, transcriptomic and bioinformatics analysis with experimental validation indicate that the differences in pulmonary fibrosis between old and young rats are mainly related to the differential expression of cytokines, extracellular matrix (ECM), and other important signaling pathways. In conclusion, aging mainly affects pulmonary fibrosis through the ECM–receptor interaction, immune response, and chemokines.
Unobstructed immersed Lagrangian correspondence and filtered A infinity functor

In this paper we construct a 2-functor from the unobstructed immersed Weinstein category to the category of all filtered A infinity categories. We consider arbitrary (compact) symplectic manifolds and its arbitrary (relatively spin) immersed Lagrangian submanifolds. The filtered A infinity category associated to a symplectic manifold is defined by using Lagrangian Floer theory in such generality by Fukaya-Oh-Ohta-Ono and Akaho-Joyce. The morphism of unobstructed immersed Weinstein category is by definition a pair of immersed Lagrangian submanifold of the direct product and its bounding cochain (in the sense of Fukaya-Oh-Ohta-Ono and Akaho-Joyce). Such a morphism transforms an (immersed) Lagrangian submanifold of one factor to one of the other factor. The key new result proved in this paper shows that this geometric transformation preserves unobstructed-ness of the Lagrangian Floer theory. Thus, this paper generalizes earlier results by Wehrheim-Woodward and Mau's-Wehrheim-Woodward so that it works in complete generality in the compact case. The main idea of the proofs are based on Lekili-Lipiyansky's Y diagram and a lemma from homological algebra, together with systematic use of Yoneda functor. In other words the proofs are based on a different idea from those which are studied by Bottmann-Mau's-Wehrheim-Woodward, where strip shrinking and figure 8 bubble plays the central role.
The Seneta–Heyde scaling for the branching random walk

We consider the boundary case (in the sense of Biggins and Kyprianou [Electron. J. Probab. 10 (2005) 609--631] in a one-dimensional super-critical branching random walk, and study the additive martingale $(W_n)$. We prove that, upon the system's survival, $n^{1/2}W_n$ converges in probability, but not almost surely, to a positive limit. The limit is identified as a constant multiple of the almost sure limit, discovered by Biggins and Kyprianou [Adv. in Appl. Probab. 36 (2004) 544--581], of the derivative martingale.
Physical properties of Crater Lake, Oregon: A method for the determination of a conductivity- and temperature-dependent expression for salinity

Active inputs of thermally and chemically enriched fluids at the bottom of Crater Lake create small vertical and horizontal heterogeneities in the deep-lake temperature and salt distribution. Using an internally recording CTD and a precise definition for salinity as a function of in situ conductivity and temperature, we assess the significant effects of these inputs on the density structure and mixing processes in Crater Lake. To characterize the physical properties of the lake we have developed an experimental approach to derive a specific conductance and temperature-dependant expression for salinity in freshwater. The use of an internally recording conductivity, temperature, and pressure sensor (CTD) with a narrow-range conductivity cell enables high-precision, in situ water-column measurements for limnological applications. These sensitive, high-precision measurements enable accurate characterization of the physical properties of lakes. Such precision is particularly important where small thermal and chemical anomalies may affect the overall physics of a lake. This work outlines a method for the careful calibration of the conductivity sensor, modified for low conductivity fluids, for a CTD (Seacat model SBE 19, Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.) and an approach for converting in situ conductivity and temperature into salinity or total dissolved solids (TDS). We apply the expression obtained for salinity in combination with the equation of state for waters in the limnological range (Chen and
Input impedance of annular ring microstrip antenna using circuit theory approach

Input impedance and bandwidth of an annular ring microstrip antenna have been determined by modeling the antenna as a section of radial line loaded with wall admittances. The effect of mutual coupling between the radiating apertures has been taken into account. The theoretically calculated values of input impedance for TM 12 -mode are compared with measurements. The agreement is good. Higher order modes have been found to be present in the vicinity of TM 12 -mode. The reactance due to these modes can be utilized to increase the voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) bandwidth of the antenna.
A weak coherence theorem and remarks to the Oka theory

The proofs of K. Oka's Coherence Theorems are based on Weierstrass' Preparation (division) Theorem. Here we formulate and prove a Weak Coherence Theorem without using Weierstrass' Preparation Theorem, but only with power series expansions: The proof is almost of linear algebra. Nevertheless, this simple Weak Coherence Theorem suffices to give other proofs of the Approximation, Cousin I/II, and Levi's (Hartogs' Inverse) Problems even in simpler ways than those known, as far as the domains are non-singular; they constitute the main basic part of the theory of several complex variables. The new approach enables us to complete the proofs of those problems in quite an elementary way without Weierstrass' Preparation Theorem or the cohomology theory of Cartan--Serre, nor L2-dbar method of Hoermander.
PENGARUH TATA KELOLA PERUSAHAAN, STRUKTUR KEPEMILIKAN, DAN DIREKSI WANITA PADA MANAJEMEN LABA

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence and analyze factors that affecting earnings management. The independent variables tested in this study were board size, independent audit committee, managerial ownership, firm size, leverage, firm growth, institutional ownership, and female directors. This research uses manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2018 to 2020 and the number of research samples is 199 companies with a total of 357 research dat.a The results of this research are firm growth has an effect on earnings management.
Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA H i data stacking – II. H i content of the host galaxies of active galactic nuclei

We use a stacking technique to measure the average H I content of a volume-limited sample of 1871 active galactic nucleus (AGN) host galaxies from a parent sample of galaxies selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and GALEX imaging surveys with stellar masses greater than 10 10 Mand redshifts in the range 0.025 < z < 0.05. H I data are available from the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) survey. In previous work, we found that the H I gas fraction in galaxies correlates most strongly with the combination of optical/ultraviolet colour and stellar surface mass density. We therefore build a control sample of non-AGN matched to the AGN hosts in these two properties. We study trends in H I gas mass fraction (MH I/M� , where Mis the stellar mass) as a function of black hole accretion rate indicator L(O III)/MBH. We find no significant difference in H I content between AGN and control samples at all values of black hole accretion rate probed by the galaxies in our sample. This indicates that AGN do not influence the large-scale gaseous properties of galaxies in the local Universe. We have studied the variation in H I mass fraction with black hole accretion rate in the blue and red galaxy populations. In the blue population, the H I gas fraction is independent of accretion rate, indicating that accretion is not sensitive to the properties of the interstellar medium of the galaxy on large scales. However, in the red population accretion rate and gas fraction do correlate. The measured gas fractions in this population are not too different from the ones expected from a stellar mass-loss origin, implying that the fuel supply in the red AGN population could be a mixture of mass-loss from stars and gas present in discs.