Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A STUDY ON ACCURACY OF LELLI’S TEST VS LACHMAN TEST WITH RESPECT TO ARTHROSCOPIC FINDINGS IN ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURIES

Background: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most commonly injured structure of the knee joint, While diagnostic arthroscopy is the gold standard for diagnosing injury of the ACL, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a valid and noninvasive diagnostic method, with a specificity and sensitivity of 94-98 %. The aim is to determine the reliability and diagnostic value of Lelli's test and Lachman test, as compared to diagnostic arthroscopy in diagnosing anterior cruciate ligament tear and to assess the sensitivity and specificity of Lelli's test in diagnosing anterior cruciate ligament tear. Materials and Methods: This is an Institution based prospective longitudinal study was conducted at attending Outpatient/Inpatient Department and Trauma care of Orthopaedics, RG Kar, Kolkata for 12 months starting from 1st April 2021. In the 12 months, there was patient recruitment. The patients recruited till April 2022. Sampling technique: 177 consecutive patients having knee concern irrespective of definitive MRI diagnosis of unilateral ACL tear was enrolled. We will do Lelli's test and Lachman test in those patients and later will do diagnostic arthroscopic evaluation. Then we will correlate the reliability of those clinical tests with arthroscopic finding which is gold standard. Result: Our study showed that, lower number of patients had Lelli's Test under Anaesthesia [21 (61.8%)] in Female Patients compared to [93 (65.0%)] Male Patients but this was not statistically significant (p=0.7203) and we also found that, lower number of patients had [26 (76.5%)] Lachman Test Under Anaesthesia in Female Patients compared to [102 (71.3%)] Male Patients but this was not statistically significant (p=0.5469). Conclusion: We concluded that the sensitivity of the lachman test is slightly higher than lelli's test but the specificity of the lelli's test is much more than lachman test.
The roles of free radicals and reactive oxygen species in diseases

The recent growth in the knowledge of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biology is producing a medical revolution that promises a new age of health and disease management. It is ironic that oxygen, an element indispensable for life, under certain situations has deleterious effects on the human body. Most of the potentially harmful effects of oxygen are due to the formation and activity of a number of chemical compounds, known as ROS, which have a tendency to donate oxygen to other substances. Free radicals and antioxidants have become commonly used terms in modern discussions of disease mechanisms.
Incomplete Contracts and Renegotiation

When drawing up a contract, it is often impracticable to specify all the relevant contingencies, and so contracts are typically incomplete. This paper considers the extent to which these gaps migh t be filled by building into the contract a mechanism for revising th e terms of trade. One conclusion is that because the par-ties can res cind the original contract and ne-gotiate a new one, severe limitatio ns are placed on the form the revisions can take. The authors charact erize the optimal revision mechanism both when the contract is used t o encourage relationship-specific investments and when it is used for risk sharing. Copyright 1988 by The Econometric Society.
Private Equity Performance: What Do We Know?

We study the performance of nearly 1400 U.S. buyout and venture capital funds using a new dataset from Burgiss. We find better buyout fund performance than has previously been documented – performance consistently has exceeded that of public markets. Outperformance versus the S&P 500 averages 20% to 27% over a fund’s life and more than 3% annually. Venture capital funds outperformed public equities in the 1990s, but underperformed in the 2000s. Our conclusions are robust to various indices and risk controls. Performance in Cambridge Associates and Preqin is qualitatively similar to that in Burgiss, but is lower in Thomson Venture Economics.
Combined Estimation of Hydrogeologic Conceptual Model, Parameter, and Scenario Uncertainty with Application to Uranium Transport at the Hanford Site 300 Area

This report to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) describes the development and application of a methodology to systematically and quantitatively assess predictive uncertainty in groundwater flow and transport modeling that considers the combined impact of hydrogeologic uncertainties associated with the conceptual-mathematical basis of a model, model parameters, and the scenario to which the model is applied. The methodology is based on a n extension of a Maximum Likelihood implementation of Bayesian Model Averaging. Model uncertainty is represented by postulating a discrete set of alternative conceptual models for a site with associated prior model probabilities that reflect a belief about the relative plausibility of each model based on its apparent consistency with available knowledge and data. Posterior model probabilities are computed and parameter uncertainty is estimated by calibrating each model to observed system behavior; prior parameter estimates are optionally included. Scenario uncertainty is represented as a discrete set of alternative future conditions affecting boundary conditions, source/sink terms, or other aspects of the models, with associated prior scenario probabilities. A joint assessment of uncertainty results from combining model predictions computed under each scenario using as weight the posterior model and prior scenario probabilities. The uncertainty methodology was applied to modeling of groundwatermore » flow and uranium transport at the Hanford Site 300 Area. Eight alternative models representing uncertainty in the hydrogeologic and geochemical properties as well as the temporal variability were considered. Two scenarios represent alternative future behavior of the Columbia River adjacent to the site were considered. The scenario alternatives were implemented in the models through the boundary conditions. Results demonstrate the feasibility of applying a comprehensive uncertainty assessment to large-scale, detailed groundwater flow and transport modeling and illustrate the benefits of the methodology I providing better estimates of predictive uncertiay8, quantitative results for use in assessing risk, and an improved understanding of the system behavior and the limitations of the models. « less
Effects of alloy chemistry, cold work, and water chemistry on corrosion fatigue and stress corrosion cracking of nickel alloys and welds.

Reactor vessel internal components made of nickel-base alloys are susceptible to environmentally assisted cracking (EAC). A better understanding of the causes and mechanisms of this cracking may permit less conservative estimates of damage accumulation and requirements on inspection intervals. The objective of this work is to evaluate and compare the resistance of Alloys 600 and 690 and their welds, such as Alloys 82, 182, 52, and 152, to EAC in simulated light water reactor environments. The existing crack growth rate (CGR) data for these alloys under cyclic and constant loads have been evaluated to establish the effects of alloy chemistry, cold work, and water chemistry. The experimental fatigue CGRs are compared with CGRs that would be expected in air under the same mechanical loading conditions to obtain a qualitative understanding of the degree and range of conditions for significant environmental enhancement in growth rates. The existing stress corrosion cracking (SCC) data on Alloys 600 and 690 and Alloy 82, 182, and 52 welds have been compiled and analyzed to determine the influence of key parameters on growth rates in simulated PWR and BWR environments. The SCC data for these alloys have been evaluated with correlations developed by Scott and by Ford and Andresen.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PAIN ASSESSMENT OF SUBTENONS BLOCK WITH PERIBULBAR BLOCK IN CASES OF PHACOEMULSIFICATION

Background: The most often performed surgical treatment that calls for local anaesthetic is cataract surgery. The majority of cataract surgery are done using regional anaesthetic. The development of the phacoemulsification technology led to an increase in regional anaesthetic interest among anesthesiologists and a decrease in surgical interest in procedures like complete anaesthesia and decreased intraocular pressure. Techniques including subtenonsanesthesia, peribulbar anaesthesia, and retrobulbar anaesthesia are becoming more and more common as a result. Hence, the aim of the study was to compare the pain assessment of subtenons block with peribulbar block in cases of Phacoemulsification. Objective of the study was to compare the anaesthesia achieved in subtenons block with peribulbar block in cases of phacoemulsification. Materials and Methods: A randomised comparative interventional trial was conducted to compare the pain assessment of subtenons block and peribulbar block in cases of phacoemulsification with the help of chit in the box method. The study was carried out in the single centre at a site Tertiary care centre in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh India, from June 2021 to June2022. The study comprised 100 patients, categorised into two groups-Group A was administered Peribulbar Anaesthesia. Group B was administered Subtenon’sAnaesthesia. One surgeon performed all of the surgeries. One assessor completed all of the assessments. Patients received a questionnaire for the Numerical Pain Reporting scale pain evaluation following surgery. Result: The mean Numerical Pain Reporting Scale score was higher in PBB group (3.5±1.5) in comparison to ST group (2.5±1.4) and the difference between them is statistically significant. Conclusion: The present study showed that the sub-Tenon’s anaesthesia was better than the peribulbar anaesthesia in terms of analgesia in performing the surgeries.
AN INSIGHT INTO DEMOGRAPHICS, MECHANISMS, TRAUMA SCORES & MANAGEMENT MODALITIES OF BLUNT THORACIC TRAUMA: STUDY FROM UPPER ASSAM

Background: To study the mechanisms, emergency department presentation, symptoms and signs, associated injuries and their severity grading, treatment modality adopted for surgical management of thoracic trauma, length of hospital stay, prognosis (short term) of patients admitted with blunt thoracic trauma Materials and Methods: We prospectively observed all admitted patients with blunt thoracic trauma from June 2015 – May 2016. ISS (injury severity score) and RTS (revised trauma score) and AIS-90 (Abbreviated Injury Score) were obtained for rib fractures subgroups. Result: Total 86 patients enrolled. Most of the patients were males (89.5%) with the peak incidence in the fourth decade of lives, most common mechanism being RTA. Chest pain (69.8%) and tenderness (83.7%) were frequent. Majority (n=43, 50%) had > 3 rib fractures. Maxillofacial (n=13, 15%), intrathoracic soft tissue injuries observed mostly with > 3 ribs fracture. Mostly associated injuries were skin structure (n=20, 22%) followed by faciomaxillary (n=15, 17.4%), craniocerebral (n=13, 15.2%). Mortality is significantly (p<.05) associated with severe head injury, flail chest, B/L hemopneumothorax with pneumomediastinum, ISS>16, low RTS≤5.23. Mean ISS for flail chest and >3 rib fracture are respectively 22±6.5 and 17±5. Overall complication rate is 12.7%. Conclusion: RTA is most common cause of injury with age group 40 – 50 years most vulnerable. The majority can be managed by simple intervention
Biomarcadores de la respuesta celular al estrés oxidativo en presencia de antioxidantes en varios modelos celulares

espanolEn la actualidad, existe en nuestra sociedad un interes creciente con respecto a los antioxidantes. En la presente Tesis examinaremos las acciones de diferentes antioxidantes, naturales y sinteticos, sobre la viabilidad y la funcionalidad en pancreas exocrino, astrocitos y celulas tumorales AR42J. Prestaremos especial atencion a los cambios inducidos sobre la viabilidad celular, el ciclo celular, la homeostasis del ion Ca2+, la fisiologia mitocondrial y los procesos secretores. Los antioxidantes elegidos han sido la melatonina y el ebselen. La melatonina no parece tener efectos negativos sobre la viabilidad celular, mientras que el ebselen la reduce en los modelos celulares en que se ha ensayado. Ademas, la melatonina y el ebselen presentan, a las concentraciones estudiadas y en los tipos celulares utilizados, efectos contrarios sobre la homeostasis del ion Ca2+. La melatonina, per se, no estimula la secrecion de amilasa pancreatica, pero reduce la secrecion estimulada por el agonista pancreatico CCK-8. No se han detectado cambios en los parametros mitocondriales estudiados en las celulas acinares pancreaticas incubadas en presencia de melatonina. Por el contrario, el ebselen induce cambios importantes en la [Ca2+]m, en el potencial de membrana y en la integridad de la red mitocondrial, que podrian comprometer su funcion. A la vista de los resultados, creemos que no es posible generalizar y asumir que los antioxidantes, cualesquiera, tienen efectos positivos sobre el organismo. EnglishNowadays, in our society an increasing interest on antioxidants exists. In this PhD thesis we will examine the effects of different antioxidants on cell viability and function, employing exocrine pancreatic cells, hippocampal astrocytes and AR42J tumor cells as cellular models. We will pay major attention to the changes induced by various antioxidants on cell viability, the cell cycle, Ca2+ homeostasis, mitochondrial physiology and the secretory processes.Melatonin and ebselen are the antioxidants chosen for this purpose. Melatonin does not exert deleterious effects on cell viability, whereas in the presence of ebselen a decrease in cell viability was observed in the cellular models in which it was tested. Moreover, melatonin and ebselen, at the concentrations evaluated and in the cellular models employed, depict opposite effects on Ca2+ homeostasis. Melatonin, itself, does not stimulate amylase release by pancreatic acinar cells, but reduces amylase secretion evoked by the pancreatic agonist CCK-8. No detectable changes in the mitochondrial parameters studied were observed in pancreatic acinar cells incubated with melatonin. Conversely, in astrocytes and AR42J cells, ebselen led to major changes in [Ca2+]m, in mitochondrial membrane potential, in mitochondrial membrane permeability and on mitochondrial network integrity, which could compromise their function. Therefore, we think that it is not possible by the moment to assume that antioxidants, any type, have beneficial effects on the body.
COMPARISON OF ANALGESIA BETWEEN NEOSTIGMINE AND TRAMADOL ADDED AS ADJUNCT TO 0.125 % BUPIVACAINE IN POSTOPERATIVE EPIDURAL ANALGESIA FOR BELOW UMBLICAL SURGERIES

Background: To observe the post-operative analgesia of neostigmine and tramadol in combination with bupivacaine in the post-operative period after below umbilical surgeries in order to reduce local anesthetic consumption. Materials and Methods: After pre-operative epidural catheterisation, the patients were operated under regional anesthesia Total 60 adult patient divided into 3 groups: Group B (receive 0.125% bupivacaine), Group N (receive 0.125% bupivacaine & neostigmine 0.005mg/kg), Group T receive 0.125% bupivacaine & tramadol 1mg/kg. Result: Sixty (60) patients were enrolled in this study and 57 patients were subjected to statistical analysis. Overall 24-h visual analog score in group N was significantly less than in those who received Bupivacaine alone (P = 0.00) and Bupivacaine with Tramadol. The durations of complete analgesia and effective analgesia were longer for all patients in group N compared with group T (P < 0.05) and group B (P < 0.005) patients. The total number of epidural top ups (rescue analgesia) required was less in group T (P < 0.05) and group N (P < 0.005) patients, compared with the control group. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was not increased in group N patients. Conclusion: Neostigmine and Tramadol, when used as an epidural analgesia in combination with 0.125% bupivacaine not only increases the analgesia quality but also patient’s satisfaction without having any side effects in postoperative period.
Novel Biomarkers in Risk Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Disease

Medical Policy provides general guidance for applying Blue Cross of Idaho benefit plans (for purposes of Medical Policy, the terms “benefit plan” and “member contract” are used interchangeably). Coverage decisions must reference the member specific benefit plan document. The terms of the member specific benefit plan document may be different than the standard benefit plan upon which this Medical Policy is based. If there is a conflict between a member specific benefit plan and the Blue Cross of Idaho’s standard benefit plan, the member specific benefit plan supersedes this Medical Policy. Any person applying this Medical Policy must identify member eligibility, the member specific benefit plan, and any related policies or guidelines prior to applying this Medical Policy. Blue Cross of Idaho Medical Policies are designed for informational purposes only and are not an authorization, explanation of benefits or a contract. Receipt of benefits is subject to satisfaction of all terms and conditions of the member specific benefit plan coverage. Blue Cross of Idaho reserves the sole discretionary right to modify all its Policies and Guidelines at any time. This Medical Policy does not constitute medical advice.
IN COLLABORATION WITH

Introduction The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) refers to the fluctuation in sea level pressure (SLP) between the Icelandic low and the Azores high and it is the dominant mode of climate variability over the North Atlantic. • Controls the strength and direction of westerly winds and location of storm tracks across the North Atlantic. • Impacts the seasonal climate and surface weather conditions. • Has irregular behavior, due to complex and nonlinear interactions between many spatiotemporal scales2, but is known to have extended periods of positive and negative phases3 associated with a wide range of time scales from days to decades and longer7.
The Long Wavelength Array

Abstract The Long Wavelength Array (LWA) will be a new, open, user-oriented astronomical instrument operating in the relatively unexplored window from 20–80 MHz near arcsecond angular resolution and milliJansky sensitivity. Operated by the University of New Mexico on behalf of the Southwest Consortium (SWC) the LWA will provide a unique training ground for the next generation of radio astronomers. Students may also put skills learned on the LWA to work in computer science, electrical engineering, and the communications industry, among others. The development of the LWA will follow a phased build which benefits from lessons learned at each phase. Four university-based Scientific Testing and Evaluation (ST&E) teams with different areas of concentration: (i) high-resolution imaging and particle acceleration; (ii) wide-field imaging and large scale structures; (iii) ionospheric physics; and (iv) radio frequency interference (RFI) suppression and transient detection will provide the feedback needed to assure that science objectives are met as the build develops. Currently in its first year of construction funding, the LWA team is working on the design for the first station (see also Ray et al. 2006).
Effect of Employee Involvement on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Environmental Agencies within North Rift Region, Kenya

The study determined the effect of employee involvement on OCB. The study was anchored on the social exchange theory. The study employed explanatory research design and pragmatism philosophy. The target population of the study comprised of 935 employees drawn from environmental agencies within North Rift region. A sample size of 274 respondents was selected using multistage sampling technique. The primary data for the study was collected using closed ended questionnaires and structured interview schedule. Data was analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Regression, Correlation and ANOVA) while qualitative data was analyzed thematically. The hypothesis was tested using multiple regression model. Findings of this study indicated that employee involvement enhances OCB (β=.236, p= 0.00<0.05) and whenever employees are more involved, the organization benefits from increased organizational citizenship behavior because of the paradigm shift employees incur when they have the opportunity to give their input. It therefore calls for formulation and promotion of employee involvement programs which can allow them freedom, autonomy and flexibility at the workplace so that they can develop a feeling of ownership and responsibility towards the organization.
MATERNAL AND FETAL CORD BLOOD LIPIDS IN INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction is when the fetus fails to achieve its genetic growth potential and is at risk of increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. The primary objectives are to study the incidence of hyperlipidaemia in mothers of IUGR newborns and the impact of cord blood lipid profiles in IUGR newborns. Materials and Methods: We included 50 pregnant women with IUGR who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After obtaining informed consent from patients, 4ml of blood was withdrawn from the patient in a fast at 34 to 40 weeks. The lipid profile was assessed by the enzymatic endpoint or cholesterol oxidase method. The advantage is only a smaller sample quantity is needed which is precise, specific, accurate, and more convenient than the conventional lipid assay. Result: 50 IUGR antenatal mothers were included, twenty-three patients were primi, and 27 were multigravida. Thirty-five patients were delivered before 37 weeks, and 15 were delivered after 37 weeks of gestation. Twenty-eight patients were delivered by Cesarean section, and 22 had a normal vaginal delivery. Four mothers have increased LDL levels which is nearly 8%. Eight have increased triglyceride levels by almost 16%, and 10 IUGR newborns have increased triglyceride levels by almost 20%. HDL decreased in 4 mothers, 8%, and nine newborns, nearly 18%. Conclusion: It is clearly