Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VARMA model parameterization using MLLE approach for intraday wind power forecasting application

Accurate intraday wind power forecasting (WPF) is required by system operators to mitigate challenges arising from small‐scale grid integration of intermittent wind power. This low‐level integration of wind energy into the system urges quality deterministic forecast. Multivariate statistical models considering spatiotemporal correlations are commonly used for such WPF. However, prudent parameterization is a necessity to improve deterministic forecasts even in smaller datasets. This article proposes a computationally efficient vector autoregressive moving average (VARMA) based intraday WPF model that uses the novel maximum log‐likelihood estimation (MLLE) approach to estimate the best‐fit model parameters. MLLE approach reduces the spatiotemporal fitting error by approximately 15% with computational time deduction by more than 25%. Furthermore, an advanced accuracy in parameter estimation (AIPE) technique supports the MLLE approach to obtain the optimal training window length for computing distribution parameters with narrow confidence intervals. Proposed centralized forecast model is implemented on a group of Wind Farms (WFs) in SE Australia. Pre‐processing of wind power generation data is ensured using the Yeo–Johnson transformation and stationarity concept. Proposed model is accurate and computationally efficient as compared to benchmark models in terms of accuracy and computational time. An appreciated forecast quality is achieved using the proposed model having only 0.20 MW and 0.29 MW mean normalized RMSE for 3 and 10 WFs studies, respectively. Possible applicability of the proposed model includes an overall improvement in intraday decision‐making of wind energy producers and system operators.
Injecting Electrons into CeO2 via Photoexcitation of Embedded Au Nanoparticles

The electron injection efficiency and the steady state absorptance at different photon energies for a composite system made of Au NPs embedded in a cerium oxide matrix are reported. Cerium oxide can be coupled with plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) to improve its catalytic properties by visible-light absorption. The present work is a study of the ultrafast dynamics of excited states induced by ultraviolet and visible-light excitation in Au NPs combined with cerium oxide, aimed at understanding the excitation pathways. The data, obtained by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, show that the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in the Au NPs leads to an ultrafast injection of electrons into the empty 4f states of the surrounding cerium oxide. Within the first few picoseconds, the injected electrons couple with the lattice distortion forming a polaronic excited state, with similar properties to that formed after direct band gap excitation of the oxide. At sub-picosecond delay times, we observed relevant differences in the energetics and the time dynamics as compared to the case of band gap excitation of the oxide. Using different pump energies across the LSPR-related absorption band, the efficiency of the electron injection from the NPs into the oxide was found to be rather high, with a maximum above 30%. The injection efficiency has a different trend in energy as compared to the LSPR-related static optical absorptance, showing a significant decrease in low energies. This behavior is explained considering different deexcitation pathways with variable weight across the LSPR band. The results are important for the design of materials with high overall solar catalytic efficiency.
The role of the southern African easterly jet in modifying the southeast Atlantic aerosol and cloud environments

The westward transport of biomass‐burning (BB) aerosols by mid‐tropospheric winds over the southeast Atlantic stratocumulus deck has long been recognized, but the coupling to the large‐scale circulation has yet to be investigated fully. This goal is furthered here using satellite observations and reanalysis datasets spanning 2001–2012, as well as 10 day forward trajectory calculations of satellite‐detected smoke emissions. The results highlight the important role of a mid‐tropospheric zonal wind maximum, the Southern African Easterly Jet (AEJ‐S), in transporting BB aerosol west off the African continent. The AEJ‐S, defined through daily‐mean 600 hPa easterly wind speeds exceeding 6 m s−1 between 5°S and 15°S and centred zonally on the coastline, is most pronounced during September–October. The AEJ‐S is part of a meridional circulation that is diabatically forced by the temperature–moisture gradient between the southern hot–dry and northern cool–moist convective structures over land. 45% of 24 264 total identified smoke trajectories exit the continent to its west between 5°S and 15°S. These thereafter follow three major pathways: northwestward (8%), directly westward (55%) and anticyclonically recirculated (37%). The AEJ‐S induces an upward motion directly below the jet that enhances prevailing updraughts over land, lifting emissions and transporting aerosols more efficiently over the southeast Atlantic. Offshore, the prevailing large‐scale mean subsidence is reduced, with an associated increase in the nearby cloud‐top heights and reduction in the nearby marine low‐level cloud fraction. Further from the jet, increased warm continental temperature advection at 800 hPa associated with the strengthened land‐based anticyclone decreases mean low‐level cloud heights.
Aplicaciones de una familia de difusión anisotrópica sobre la evolución de algunos contornos activos

Una familia de difusión anisotrópica se ha presentado como técnica de realzado de imágenes [1], con la caracteŕıstica de combinar la difusión directa en la curva de nivel con una difusión inversa estabilizada en la componente normal. Se ha mostrado efectiva en la definición de la geodesia en el plano de la imagen, mejorando los resultados del contorno activo geodésico [2]. Además, permite la introducción de conocimiento a priori, al combinar las técnicas de morfoloǵıa con agrupamiento natural de los ṕıxeles, formado super-ṕıxeles que definan fronteras en la evolución del contorno [3]. Los mejores resultados de la familia coinciden con la propuesta de Keeling [4]. Dentro de los contornos basados en regiones, la aplicación del procesado propuesto mejora los resultados de un funcional basado en las varianzas de los grupos [5]. Se relaciona con un funcional de Mumford-Shah, donde se procede a su regularización TV [6] y posteriormente, el contorno activo evoluciona minimizando la varianza entre grupos. Los costes computacionales se han reducido drásticamente. Para el procesado se ha utilizado un escenario semi-impĺıcito con una formulación conservativa. Mientras, el contorno activo se ha empleado una nueva técnicas narrow-band, en un entorno 3x3 alrededor de los puntos de paso por cero [7]. Esta metodoloǵıa se ha utilizado para el análisis de imágenes biomédicas procedentes de microscoṕıa en campo claro. Sección en el CEDYA 2007: Solución numérica de Ecuaciones en Derivadas Parciales
Process Management and Improvement in Health Services: A Hospital Appointment System Example

In today's competitive conditions, businesses that produce goods or services frequently benefit from process improvement and similar methods to achieve their goals. Being process-oriented means giving importance to the creation of quality, not quality control. The Hospital Appointment system is the admission of patients to polyclinics at certain time periods. The purpose of the appointment system for the patients is to organize and spread the time of the patients' arrival at the hospital outpatient clinics. In general, to solve the waiting problem in hospitals, health services are provided by distributing patients to certain time periods. However, due to the insufficient capacity of the hospital, the patients' demand for health services cannot be met, and therefore the appointment problem continues. Patients spend days on the internet and on the phone to get an appointment from some medical units. In this context, the aim of the study is to make improvements and evaluate the results by evaluating the problems experienced in the process of making an appointment in health services in terms of quality, time, technique, and customer satisfaction.
Spectral characterization of passive optical devices

Optical spectrum analyzers (OSAs) use monochromators to transmit a specific range of light wavelengths. Conventional grating-based OSAs, however, have slow and moderate spectral resolution mechanisms that are incompatible with the requirements of modern sensing and bioengineering applications.1 In these applications, the amplitude, phase, and polarization responses of passive optical components in the systems must be measured with ultra-high spectral resolution and high speed. A novel technique is therefore needed to overcome these limitations. Due to advances in electronic digital signal processing (DSP) technology, the receivers in optical fiber transmission systems can now be used to conduct optical channel estimation (OCE). These systems are used to measure the optical field response of cascaded or multiple components in an optical link. OCE algorithms are then used to compensate for distortion from the optical channel and to characterize the optical field response of a single component. The OCE methods must subsequently be adapted to meet the requirements of the specific instrumental application. We have recently used DSP-based OCE and optical spectrum stitching (OSS) techniques to make an optical spectrum characterization measurement, with a resolution of 10MHz and a bandwidth of 250GHz.2 This type of measurement can potentially be made across the whole C-band (range of the electromagnetic spectrum used for long-distance radio telecommunications). Although OCE can be performed in either the time domain or the frequency domain, with the latter well-established and efficient algorithms (i.e., fast Fourier transform—FFT—and inverse FFT—IFFT) can be used. We therefore use DSP and digital-to-analog converters (DACs) in our system to produce a number of spectral lines with an IFFT Figure 1. Graphical representation of the high-resolution optical spectrum characterization technique based on digital signal processing. The device under test (DUT) in this example is a Fabry-Pérot cavity based on a fiber Bragg grating. The optical spectrum is treated as an ultra-fine electrical frequency comb (EFC) generator. Electrical-to-optical (E/O) conversion is used to change the EFC to a single-wavelength laser. The resultant optical stimulus has a number of strictly coherent and evenly spaced spectral lines, which are used as probes that pass through the DUT. This causes their amplitude, phase, and polarization to be altered. A photodiode or coherent receiver is used for the subsequent opticalto-electrical (O/E) conversion. FFT: Fast Fourier Transform. IFFT: Inverse FFT.
Angiomatous meningioma with bizarre nuclei: A case report

Angiomatous meningioma (AM) is a relatively rare subtype of WHO grade I meningioma. A relatively rare case of AM was recently encountered in a 45-year-old woman. The present case not only observed the typical AM histological pattern but also a large number of cells with bizarre, large, deeply staining and unevenly distributed nuclei. These cells with bizarre nuclei showed a similar pattern of immunoreactivity as meningeal epithelial cells. Although the presence of a large number of cells with bizarre nuclei in this case increased tumour cell atypia, the cells did not differ with regard to proliferative activity and mitotic imaging. Therefore, the patient was ultimately diagnosed as having AM with bizarre nuclei, WHO grade I. This manifestation of nuclear atypia and pleomorphism may be due to ‘degenerative changes’ in pre-existing, long-established vascular lesions, similar to those seen in degenerative schwannomas and symplastic haemangioma, rather than being considered an indicator of malignancy.
Evolving Complexity and Similarity in an Artificial Life Framework based on Formal Language Theory

In this thesis, a formal framework where the evolution of biological complexity can be studied in an objective way is defined. That objectivity is due to state complexity for regular languages is used and it is a well-known and rigorous complexity measure. Such a framework is composed of a population of cyclic unary regular languages (individuals) that try to adapt to a given environment (that also consists of cyclic unary regular languages) by means of evolutionary computation.
Sparse Modeling of Grouped Line Spectra

This licentiate thesis focuses on clustered parametric models for estimation of line spectra, when the spectral content of a signal source is assumed to exhibit some form of grouping. Different from previous parametric approaches, which generally require explicit knowledge of the model orders, this thesis exploits sparse modeling, where the orders are implicitly chosen. For line spectra, the non-linear parametric model is approximated by a linear system, containing an overcomplete basis of candidate frequencies, called a dictionary, and a large set of linear response variables that selects and weights the components in the dictionary. Frequency estimates are obtained by solving a convex optimization program, where the sum of squared residuals is minimized. To discourage overfitting and to infer certain structure in the solution, different convex penalty functions are introduced into the optimization. The cost trade-off between fit and penalty is set by some user parameters, as to approximate the true number of spectral lines in the signal, which implies that the response variable will be sparse, i.e., have few non-zero elements. Thus, instead of explicit model orders, the orders are implicitly set by this trade-off. For grouped variables, the dictionary is customized, and appropriate convex penalties selected, so that the solution becomes group sparse, i.e., has few groups with non-zero variables. In an array of sensors, the specific time-delays and attenuations will depend on the source and sensor positions. By modeling this, one may estimate the location of a source. In this thesis, a novel joint location and grouped frequency estimator is proposed, which exploits sparse modeling for both spectral and spatial estimates, showing robustness against sources with overlapping frequency content. For audio signals, this thesis uses two different features for clustering. Pitch is a perceptual property of sound that may be described by the harmonic model, i.e., by a group of spectral lines at integer multiples of a fundamental frequency, which we estimate by exploiting a novel adaptive total variation penalty. The other feature, chroma, is a concept in musical theory, collecting pitches at powers of 2 from each other into groups. Using a chroma dictionary, together with appropriate group sparse penalties, we propose an automatic transcription of the chroma content of a signal. (Less)
Does Audit Firm Size and Audit Tenure Influence Fraudulent Financial Statements?

The phenomenon of financial statement fraud in Indonesia often occurs, related to reports on audit results of public accounting firms. These findings have an impact on investors because of fraudulent financial statements that have the potential to cause losses. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the size and tenure of KAP on the detection of financial statement fraud. The research sample was 140 manufacturing companies from 2014 to 2015, which were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis research used SPSS version 20. Descriptive analysis used multiple regression. This research finds that the size of the audit firm and the tenure of the audit did not significantly affect the indications of fraudulent financial statements as measured by the Sales Growth Index (SGI), Gross Margin Index (GMI), Asset Quality Index (AQI), Days’ Sales Receivable Index (DSRI) indicators, Sales, General and Administrative Expenses Index (SGAI), Leverage Index (LVGI), Total Accrual to Total Assets (TATA) and Messod D Beneish-Score (M-Score), but have a significant effect on fraudulent financial indication reports as measured by the Depreciation Index indicator (DEPI). JEL: K40, K41, M42, M48
Defining Candidate Imprinted loci in Bos taurus

Using a whole-genome assembly of Bos taurus, I applied my bioinformatics strategy to locate candidate imprinting control regions (ICRs) genome-wide. In mammals, genomic imprinting plays essential roles in embryogenesis. In my strategy, peaks in plots mark the locations of known, inferred, and candidate ICRs. Genes in the vicinity of candidate ICRs correspond to potential imprinted genes. By displaying my datasets on the UCSC genome browser, one could view peak positions with respect to genomic landmarks. I give two examples of candidate ICRs in loci that influence spermatogenesis in bulls: CNNM1 and CNR1. I also give examples of candidate ICRs in loci that influence muscle development: SIX1 and BCL6. By examining the ENCODE data reported for mice, I deduced regulatory clues about cattle. I focused on DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs). Such sites reveal accessibility of chromatin to regulators of gene expression. For inspection, I chose DHSs in chromatin from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) ES-E14, mesoderm, brain, heart, and skeletal muscle. The ENCODE data revealed that the SIX1 promoter was accessible to the transcription initiation apparatus in mouse ESCs, mesoderm, and skeletal muscles. The data also revealed accessibility of BCL6 locus to regulatory proteins in mouse ESCs and examined tissues.
Dietary Choline and Betaine Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in an Iranian Population

Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in low- and middle-income countries, likely due to changing lifestyle habits, including diet. We found that a higher total choline intake was associated with an elevated risk of CRC, as well as glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and sphingomyelin (SM). Conversely, betaine intake was associated with a decreased risk of CRC. Consequently, it is possible to focus on the intake of betaine sources and manage the use of animal products as references for SM or other choline types with risks of CRC. Abstract Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in low- and middle-income countries, likely due to changing lifestyle habits, including diet. We aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary betaine, choline, and choline-containing compounds and CRC risk. Methods: We analyzed data from a case–control study, including 865 CRC cases and 3206 controls from Iran. Detailed information was collected by trained interviewers using validated questionnaires. The intake of free choline, phosphocholine (Pcho), glycerophosphocholine (GPC), phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), and sphingomyelin (SM), as well as of betaine was estimated from food frequency questionnaires and categorized into quartiles. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of CRC for choline and betaine quartiles were calculated using multivariate logistic regression by adjusting for potential confounders. Results: We observed excess risk of CRC in the highest versus lowest intake of total choline (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.13, 1.33), GPC (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.00, 1.27), and SM (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.01, 1.28). The intake of betaine exerted an inverse association with CRC risk (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.83, 0.99). There was no association between free choline, Pcho, PtdCho, and CRC. Analyses stratified by gender showed an elevated OR of CRC in men for SM intake OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.03, 1.40) and a significantly decreased CRC risk in women for betaine intake (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.73, 0.97). Conclusion: Dietary modifications leading to an increase in betaine sources and managing the use of animal products as references for SM or other choline types might contribute to decreasing the risk of CRC.
Molecular Chaperones’ Potential against Defective Proteostasis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neuronal degenerative condition identified via a build-up of mutant aberrantly folded proteins. The native folding of polypeptides is mediated by molecular chaperones, preventing their pathogenic aggregation. The mutant protein expression in ALS is linked with the entrapment and depletion of chaperone capacity. The lack of a thorough understanding of chaperones’ involvement in ALS pathogenesis presents a significant challenge in its treatment. Here, we review how the accumulation of the ALS-linked mutant FUS, TDP-43, SOD1, and C9orf72 proteins damage cellular homeostasis mechanisms leading to neuronal loss. Further, we discuss how the HSP70 and DNAJ family co-chaperones can act as potential targets for reducing misfolded protein accumulation in ALS. Moreover, small HSPB1 and HSPB8 chaperones can facilitate neuroprotection and prevent stress-associated misfolded protein apoptosis. Designing therapeutic strategies by pharmacologically enhancing cellular chaperone capacity to reduce mutant protein proteotoxic effects on ALS pathomechanisms can be a considerable advancement. Chaperones, apart from directly interacting with misfolded proteins for protein quality control, can also filter their toxicity by initiating strong stress-response pathways, modulating transcriptional expression profiles, and promoting anti-apoptotic functions. Overall, these properties of chaperones make them an attractive target for gaining fundamental insights into misfolded protein disorders and designing more effective therapies against ALS.
Radiation pattern of two identical emitters driven by a Gauss-Laguerre beam: An atom nanoantenna

We study the directional properties of the radiation field emitted by a geometrically small system composed of two identical two-level emitters located at small distances and driven by an optical vortex beam, a GaussLaguerre beam which possesses structured phase and amplitude. We find that the system may operate as a nanoantenna for controlled and tunable directional emission. Polar diagrams of the radiation intensity are presented showing that a constant phase or amplitude difference at the positions of the emitters plays an essential role in the directivity of the emission. We find that the radiation patters may differ dramatically for different phase and amplitude differences at the positions of the emitters that the system may operate as a twoor onesided nanoantenna. In particular, a two-sided highly focused directional emission can be achieved when the emitters experience the same amplitude and a constant phase difference of the driving field. We find a general directional property of the emitted field that when the phase differences at the positions of the emitters equal an even multiple of π/4, the system behaves as a two-sided antenna. When the phase difference equals an odd multiple of π/4, the system behaves as an one-sided antenna. The case when the emitters experience the same phase but different amplitudes of the driving field is also considered and it is found that the effect of different amplitudes is to turn the system to behave as a uni-directional antenna radiating along the interatomic axis.