Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Challenges of Periodontal Tissue Engineering: Increasing Biomimicry through 3D Printing and Controlled Dynamic Environment

In recent years, tissue engineering studies have proposed several approaches to regenerate periodontium based on the use of three-dimensional (3D) tissue scaffolds alone or in association with periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). The rapid evolution of bioprinting has sped up classic regenerative medicine, making the fabrication of multilayered scaffolds—which are essential in targeting the periodontal ligament (PDL)—conceivable. Physiological mechanical loading is fundamental to generate this complex anatomical structure ex vivo. Indeed, loading induces the correct orientation of the fibers forming the PDL and maintains tissue homeostasis, whereas overloading or a failure to adapt to mechanical load can be at least in part responsible for a wrong tissue regeneration using PDLSCs. This review provides a brief overview of the most recent achievements in periodontal tissue engineering, with a particular focus on the use of PDLSCs, which are the best choice for regenerating PDL as well as alveolar bone and cementum. Different scaffolds associated with various manufacturing methods and data derived from the application of different mechanical loading protocols have been analyzed, demonstrating that periodontal tissue engineering represents a proof of concept with high potential for innovative therapies in the near future.
Constraints on dark matter annihilation from AMS-02 results

We use recently released data on the positron-to-electron ratio in cosmic rays from the AMS-02 experiment to constrain dark matter annihilation in the Milky Way. Due to the yet unexplained positron excess, limits are generally weaker than those obtained using other probes, especially gamma rays. This also means that explaining the positron excess in terms of dark matter annihilation is difficult. Only if very conservative assumptions on the dark matter distribution in the Galactic Center region are adopted, it may be possible to accommodate dark matter annihilating to leptons with a cross section above 10^-24 cm^3/sec. We comment on several theoretical mechanisms to explain such large annihilation cross sections.
Spin and charge ordering in self-doped Mott insulators

We have investigated possible spin and charge ordered states in 3d transition-metal oxides with small or negative charge-transfer energy, which can be regarded as self-doped Mott insulators, using Hartree-Fock calculations on d-p-type lattice models. It was found that an antiferromagnetic state with charge ordering in oxygen 2p orbitals is favored for relatively large charge-transfer energy and may be relevant for PrNiO$_3$ and NdNiO$_3$. On the other hand, an antiferromagnetic state with charge ordering in transition-metal 3$d$ orbitals tends to be stable for highly negative charge-transfer energy and can be stabilized by the breathing-type lattice distortion; this is probably realized in YNiO$_3$.
Efficient electrical spin injection from a magnetic metal/tunnel barrier contact into a semiconductor

We report electrical spin injection from a ferromagnetic metal contact into a semiconductor light emitting diode structure with an injection efficiency of 30% which persists to room temperature. The Schottky barrier formed at the Fe/AlGaAs interface provides a natural tunnel barrier for injection of spin polarized electrons under reverse bias. These carriers radiatively recombine, emitting circularly polarized light, and the quantum selection rules relating the optical and carrier spin polarizations provide a quantitative, model-independent measure of injection efficiency. This demonstrates that spin injecting contacts can be formed using a widely employed contact methodology, providing a ready pathway for the integration of spin transport into semiconductor processing technology.
A MATLAB Program for Quantitative Simulation of Self-assembly of Polymer Blend Films with Nano-scaled Features

A MATLAB program has been developed for simulation of polymer blend self-assembly with nano-scaled features. The Cahn-Hilliard equation is implemented to calculate the free energy profile of the polymer blends. The Flory-Huggins type of energy is used to estimate the local free energy. The program is capable of quantitatively simulate the phase separation of polymer blends. The effects such as the substrate functionalization, solvent evaporation, and polymer materials properties are included in the program. The program can estimate the model parameters from the real experimental processing parameters and the material properties. The simulation results can be evaluated quantitatively and compared with the experimental results with analysis tools included in the program.
Problems and Prospects of Startup Entrepreneurs– A Study with Special Reference to Dharmapuri District

An important contributor to a nation's economic growth is an entrepreneur. An entrepreneur is essentially someone who possesses the initiative, talent, and drive to start their own business or industry and who is constantly striving for success. He promotes the common good and acts as a catalyst for social change. He searches for chances, spots them, and takes advantage of them mostly for monetary benefit. An entrepreneur is someone who has the ability to articulate and carry out the desire, know-how, drive, and inventiveness to launch a business or industry on their own or in partnership with friends. In Dharmapuri District more than 5000 new entrepreneur were registered during 2021-2022. The main aim of this paper is to analysis the problems and prospects of start-up entrepreneurs in Dharmapuri District. The proportional Sampling Method was used to select one hundred and fifty Start-up Entrepreneurs in Dharmapuri District. The primary data was analyzed by using statistical methods such as percentage analysis, weighted average method, Descriptive Statistics and ANOVA Test. The result of the study shows that financial problem is the major problem and Government support prospects is the major prospects of Start-up Entrepreneurs in Dharmapuri District.
Topological phase transition and interface states in hybrid plasmonic-photonic systems

The geometric phase and topological property for one-dimensional hybrid plasmonic-photonic crystals consisting of a simple lattice of graphene sheets are investigated systematically. For transverse magnetic waves, both plasmonic and photonic modes exist in the momentum space. The accidental degeneracy point of these two kinds of modes is identified to be a diabolic point accompanied with a topological phase transition. For a closed loop around this degeneracy point, the Berry phase is π as a consequence of the discontinuous jump of the geometric Zak phase. The wave impedance is calculated analytically for the semi-infinite system, and the corresponding topological interface states either start from or terminate at the degeneracy point. This type of localized interface state may find potential applications in manipulation of photon emission of quantum dots, optical sensing and enhancement of nonlinear effects, etc.
Collective modes and electromagnetic response of a chiral superconductor

Motivated by the recent controversy surrounding the Kerr effect measurements in strontium ruthenate \cite{xia:167002}, we examine the electromagnetic response of a clean chiral p-wave superconductor. When the contributions of the collective modes are accounted for, the Hall response in a clean chiral superconductor is smaller by several orders of magnitude than previous theoretical predictions and is too small to explain the experiment. We also uncover some unusual features of the collective modes of a chiral superconductor, namely, that they are not purely longitudinal and couple to external transverse fields.
Sucrose Facilitates Rhizome Development of Perennial Rice (Oryza longistaminata)

Compared with annual crops, perennial crops with longer growing seasons and deeper root systems can fix more sunlight energy, and have advantages in reducing soil erosion and saving water, fertilizer and pesticide inputs. Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world. Perennial rice can be of great significance for protecting the ecological environment and coping with the shortage of young farmers due to urbanization. Oryza longistaminata (OL) is a rhizomatous wild rice with an AA genome and has strong biotic and abiotic resistances. The AA genome makes OL easy to cross with cultivated rice, thus making it an ideal donor material for perennial rice breeding. Sucrose plays an important role in the development and growth of plants. In this study, OL seedlings were cultured in medium with different concentrations of sucrose, and it was found that sucrose of appropriate concentrations can promote the sprout of basal axillary buds and the subsequent development of rhizomes. In order to explore the molecular mechanism, comparative transcriptome analysis was carried out with OL cultured under two concentrations of sucrose, 20 g/L and 100 g/L, respectively. The results showed that the boost of sucrose to rhizome elongation may be due to the glucose and fructose, hydrolyzed from the absorbed sucrose by vacuolar acid invertase. In addition, the consequent increased osmotic pressure of the cells would promote water absorption, which is benefit for the cell elongation, eventually causing the rhizome elongation. These results may provide a reference for elucidating the regulatory mechanism of sucrose on the rhizome development of OL.
Interacting Electrons in One Dimension: The Two Chain Perylene-Metal Dithiolate Series

In this review, we attempt to present the most notable aspects of the story of the two chain, highly one-dimensional, organic conductors of the perylene metal-dithiolate series, which have been under investigation since the end of the 1960's until the present time, with the recent discovery of a superconducting phase. We will start with an overview of the developments of the research on this materials and then, after a brief introduction and a survey of the theoretical background, we will describe and discuss the structure, transport and magnetic properties, as well as the low temperature instabilities and phase transitions. Finally we will focus on the study of their behaviour under extreme conditions of low temperatures, high pressures and high magnetic fields up to 45 tesla.
DIRECT AND INVERSE CASCADES IN THE ACCELERATION REGION OF THE FAST SOLAR WIND

Alfvén waves are believed to play an important role in the heating and acceleration of the fast solar wind emanating from coronal holes. Nonlinear interactions between the dominant waves and minority waves have the potential to transfer wave energy either to smaller perpendicular scales (“direct cascade”) or to larger scales (“inverse cascade”). In this paper we use reduced magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) simulations to investigate how the cascade rates depend on perpendicular wavenumber and radial distance from the Sun center. For models with a smooth background atmosphere, we find that an inverse cascade ( ) occurs for the dominant waves at radii between 1.4 and and dimensionless wavenumbers in the inertial range ( ), and a direct cascade ( ) occurs elsewhere. For a model with density fluctuations, there are multiple regions with an inverse cascade. In both cases, the cascade rate varies significantly with perpendicular wavenumber, indicating that the cacsade is a highly nonlocal process. As a result of the inverse cascades, the energy dissipation rates are much lower than expected from a phenomenological model and are insufficient to maintain the temperature of the background atmosphere. We conclude that RMHD models are unable to reproduce the observed properties of the fast solar wind.
Spin-precessing black hole binaries in dynamical Chern-Simons gravity

Gravitational waves from spin-precessing binaries exhibit amplitude oscillations that provide an invaluable method to extract the spins of the inspiraling compact objects. The spin-spin and spin-orbit interactions that cause this effect are sensitive to the fundamental nature of gravity, which will allow us to constrain modified theories of gravity using gravitational wave observations of precessing binaries. We here consider precessing black hole binaries in dynamical Chern-Simons gravity, an effective theory of gravity that enhances parity violating interactions. We model the black holes as modified point particles using effective field theory, and derive the spin-precession equations for a binary system by working within the post-Newtonian formalism. We find that the spin-spin and quadrupole-monopole interactions of general relativity are modified due to an interaction between the scalar dipoles of the two black holes and the modified black hole quadrupole as a result of the violation of the no hair theorems. These modifications enter the precession equations at leading post-Newtonian order. We further show that these precession equations admit seven constants of motion when neglecting radiation reaction, with only the mass-weighted effective spin being modified from general relativity. We discuss how these may be used to reduce the precession equations to quadrature and the possibility of constructing analytic Fourier domain waveforms for generic spin-precessing binaries in dCS gravity.
Probing various formulations of macrorealism for unsharp quantum measurements

Standard Leggett-Garg inequalities (SLGIs) were formulated for testing incompatibility between the classical world view of macrorealism and quantum mechanics. In recent times, various other formulations such as the Wigner form of Leggett-Garg inequalities (WLGIs), entropic Leggett-Garg inequalities (ELGIs), and the no-signaling-in-time (NSIT) condition have also been proposed. It was also recently argued that $no$ set of SLGIs can provide the necessary and sufficient conditions for macrorealism, but a suitable conjunction of NSIT conditions provides the same. In this paper, we first provide a comparative study of the various formulations of Leggett-Garg inequalities (LGIs) for testing macrorealism pertaining to the two different unsharp measurements. While the violations of WLGIs are more robust than SLGIs and ELGIs for spin positive operator-valued measures (POVMs), here we demonstrate that for the case of biased POVMs the quantum violations of both SLGIs and ELGIs provide the same robustness as WLGIs. Importantly, the violations of all formulations of LGIs can be achieved for any nonzero value of unsharpness parameter. We have also studied the connection between LGIs and NSIT conditions. Further, we investigate the role of the joint measurability of the POVMs in the violation of LGIs and find that there is $no$ generic connection.
Diffusive shock acceleration simulations: Comparison with particle methods and bow shock measurements

Direct comparisons of diffusive particle acceleration numerical simulations have been made against Monte Carlo and hybrid plasma simulations by Ellison {\it et. al.} (1993) and against observations at the earth's bow shock presented by Ellison {\it et. al.} (1990). Toward this end we have introduced a new numerical scheme for injection of cosmic-ray particles out of the thermal plasma, modeled by way of the diffusive scattering process itself; that is, the diffusion and acceleration across the shock front of particles out of the suprathermal tail of the Maxwellian distribution. We find that all of these computational methods (diffusion-advection, two-fluid, Monte Carlo and hybrid) are in substantial agreement on the issues they can simultaneously address, so that the essential physics of diffusive particle acceleration is adequately contained within each. This is despite the fact that each makes what appear to be very different assumptions or approximations.
The “Well-Dressed Snake Personality”: An Insight into Narcissistic/Psychopathic Personalities

How many kinds of malevolent characters are out there? In line with Paulhus and Williams (2002) the answer is three, namely the Dark Triad of Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy. Dark traits (DT) are associated with emotional deficits, exploitation, immoral strategic thinking, and risky behaviors. All three traits have been largely investigated mainly during the last decades. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview about the available literature regarding the characteristics of personality traits associated with the DT, by focusing on the main consequences of the DT from a psychopathological and psychiatric perspective. Studies found a strong association between DT traits and several types of negative psychosocial outcomes such as substance use, sexual promiscuity, aggression, and crime. Nevertheless, there is specific literature showing the advantages of scoring high DT traits, for example the assumption of positions of authority over other people, and the expression of low levels of social anxiety. Although the literature mainly focuses on the consequences that DT traits may have for society in general, there is a lack of studies investigating the personal repercussions, in the psychopathological and/or psychiatric dimensions in those individuals scoring high DT traits. Therefore, further research is needed to clarify how the different personality dark traits may interact with each other and modulate not only the individual’s life choices but also how and whether DT traits may predispose or not to the onset of a specific psychiatric disorder.
Four-Majorana qubit with charge readout: Dynamics and decoherence

We present a theoretical analysis of a Majorana-based qubit consisting of two topological superconducting islands connected via a Josephson junction. The qubit is operated by electrostatic gates which control the coupling of two of the four Majorana zero modes. At the end of the operation, readout is performed in the charge basis. Even though the operations are not topologically protected, the proposed experiment can potentially shed light on the coherence of the parity degree of freedom in Majorana devices and serve as a first step towards topological Majorana qubits. We discuss in detail the charge-stability diagram and its use for characterizing the parameters of the devices, including the overlap of the Majorana edge states. We describe the multilevel spectral properties of the system and present a detailed study of its controlled coherent oscillations, as well as decoherence resulting from coupling to a non-Markovian environment. In particular, we study a gate-controlled protocol where conversion between Coulomb-blockade and transmon regimes generates coherent oscillations of the qubit state due to the overlap of Majorana modes. We show that, in addition to fluctuations of the Majorana coupling, considerable measurement errors may be accumulated during the conversion intervals when electrostatic fluctuations in the superconducting islands are present. These results are also relevant for several proposed implementations of topological qubits which rely on readout based on charge detection. (Less)
Physics Potential of a Radio Surface Array at the South Pole

A surface array of radio antennas will enhance the performance of the IceTop array and enable new, complementary science goals. First, the accuracy for cosmic-ray air showers will be increased since the radio array provides a calorimetric measurement of the electromagnetic component and is sensitive to the position of the shower maximum. This enhanced accuracy can be used to better measure the mass composition, to search for possible mass-dependent anisotropies in the arrival directions of cosmic rays, and for more thorough tests of hadronic interaction models. Second, the sensitivity of the radio array to inclined showers will increase the sky coverage for cosmic-ray measurements. Third, the radio array can be used to search for PeV photons from the Galactic Center. Since IceTop is planned to be enhanced by a scintillator array in the near future, a radio extension sharing the same infrastructure can be installed with minimal additional effort and excellent scientific prospects. The combination of ice-Cherenkov, scintillation, and radio detectors at IceCube will provide unprecedented accuracy for the study of highenergy Galactic cosmic rays.
Asteroseismic modelling of the metal-poor star Tau Ceti

Context. Asteroseismology is an efficient tool not only for testing stellar structure and evolutionary theory but also constraining the parameters of stars for which solar-like oscillations are presently detected. As an important southern asteroseismic target τ Ceti, is a metal-poor star. The main features of the oscillations and some frequencies of τ Ceti have been identified. Many scientists propose to comprehensively observe this star as part of the Stellar Observations Network Group. Aims. Our goal is to obtain the optimal model and reliable fundamental parameters for the metal-poor star τ Ceti by combining all non-asteroseismic observations with these seismological data. Methods. Using the Yale stellar evolution code (YREC), a grid of stellar model candidates that fall within all the error boxes in the HR diagram have been constructed, and both the model frequencies and large- and small- frequency separations are calculated using the Guenther's stellar pulsation code. The χ 2 vc minimization is performed to identify the optimal modelling parameters that reproduce the observations within their errors. The frequency corrections of near-surface effects to the calculated frequencies using the empirical law, as proposed by Kjeldsen and coworkers, are applied to the models. Results. We derive optimal models, corresponding to masses of about 0.775-0.785 M o and ages of about 8-10 Gyr. Furthermore, we find that the quantities derived from the non-asteroseismic observations (effective temperature and luminosity) acquired spectroscopically are more accurate than those inferred from interferometry for τ Ceti, because our optimal models are in the error boxes B and C, which are derived from spectroscopy results.
Effort Expectancy, Facilitating Condition, dan Trust untuk Memprediksi Behavior Intention Penggunaan e-Wallet

This research was conducted to show whether effort expectancy, facilitating condition, and trust can predict behavior intention to use the e-wallet. This descriptive study involves quantitative data using a cross-sectional questionnaire as a data collection method. Researchers took as many as 212 samples in data collection. The data analysis technique uses Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with the help of SmartPLS 3.3.3 software. This study concludes that effort expectancy, facilitating condition, and trust have a significant positive effect on behavioral intentions. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menunjukkan apakah effort expectancy, facilitating condition, dan trust dapat memprediksi behavior intention penggunaan e-wallet. Penelitian deskriptif ini melibatkan data kuantitatif dengan menggunakan kuesioner secara cross-sectional sebagai metode pengumpulan data. Peneliti mengambil sebanyak 212 sampel dalam pengumpulan data. Teknik analisis data menggunakan Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) dengan bantuan software SmartPLS 3.3.3. Penelitian ini memperoleh kesimpulan bahwa effort expectancy, facilitating condition, dan trust berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap behavior intention.