Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Area array solder interconnection technology for the three-dimensional silicon cube

Area array solder interconnection technology has been successfully implemented on three-dimensional (3-D) silicon cubes. The 3-D semiconductor components are fabricated using silicon-cube technology. Multiple integrated circuit chips are stacked, laminated and interconnected, creating a fast ultra-high-density component. Critical to realizing these advantages is the use of area array solder-bump interconnection, with its high I/O density, to first-level packaging. Several technology challenges have been addressed in successfully and reliably implementing area array interconnections. The 3-D ultra-high-density component, with its composite structure, is large, can have different thermal expansion coefficients in the two axes defining the solder-bump interconnection plane and dynamic thermal gradients throughout the structure. This paper presents the silicon-cube technology, discusses the inherent area array solder-bump interconnection challenges and reviews the implementation and qualification results.
Where next for the handset? [multiple wireless services in single device]

There is a general belief that innovative wireless technologies are converging to meet a whole range of specific user demands, with new wireless standards transforming the capabilities of the ubiquitous mobile. This article examines some of the technologies which are going into the handset, which can then be seamlessly switched between. These include, wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), UMTS (3G), GPRS (2.5G) or WiMax (IEEE 802.16d).
Cost management system within a production environment: a performance-based approach

Production planning problems have been a frequent focus of work in the literature. However, despite their importance, there are inadequate studies on control mechanisms and the representation of performance indices in a production environment. In the present paper, a hybrid production planning–project management system is presented and implemented successfully throughout a production environment. In this approach, earned value management (EVM), a powerful project management technique, is applied within a multi-period–multi-product (MPMP) production planning problem. Since EVM is a well-known technique in the area of project planning and management, it is first required to convert the MPMP problem into a project management network. Then after performing computational investigations in the lowest level of work breakdown structure, the results are sent back to the production environment again. In order to interpret and measure the manufacturing efficiency, original performance indices are proposed throughout the production planning period, product, and machine centres. In this respect, new formulas are also developed accordingly. Finally, an insight to lean production is given.
LA (IN)ESTABILIDAD DE LA DEMANDA DE DINERO EN COLOMBIA, 2003-2020

En este trabajo realizamos un análisis empírico de la evolución del agregado monetario M3 y de sus componentes en Colombia, con el propósito de evaluar las propiedades de estabilidad de cada uno de los activos que forman M3. El análisis se realiza con base en pruebas de raíces unitarias y cointegración. La estacionariedad de las series se estudia mediante las pruebas de ADF-GLS y M-type test, así como con pruebas que consideran la posibilidad de cambio estructural. El estudio prosigue empleando el modelo de vectores de corrección de errores (VECM) y mínimos cuadrados ordinarios totalmente modificados (FMOLS) para estimar la relación de largo plazo entre los componentes de M3 y las variables macroeconómicas determinantes. Los resultados obtenidos nos permiten afirmar que la estabilidad de la demanda de los diferentes componentes de M3 se mantiene, a pesar de distintos shocks que han afectado a la economía colombiana durante estos años. THE (IN)STABILITY OF MONEY DEMAND IN COLOMBIA, 2003-2020ABSTRACTAn empirical analysis is made of the evolution of M3 and its components in Colombia during the period 2003-2020. The purpose is to evaluate the stability of each of the assets that make up the aggregate M3. Unit-root and co-integration tests are used. The stationarity of the series is studied by ADF-GLS and M-type tests, as well as with tests that incorporate the possibility of structural change. In the following we implement two different methodologies to estimate the long-run relationship between M3 components and the macroeconomic determinant variables [Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS)]. The results obtained allow us to affirm that the stability of the demand of the different components of M3 is maintained, in spite of different shocks that have affected the Colombian economy over these years.
Operational optimization of actual energy systems by means of the energy hub theory

The “Energy Hub” is a modelling framework that can be used to design an energy system based on an optimization approach. In this paper, an upgrade of the energy hub called “Regulated Energy Hub” is presented and applied to a system that serves a large district heating network and which is based on biomass boilers and cogenerators. Operational constraints of the actual system and thermal storage can be taken into account and optimized. A calculation procedure able to take into account various operation strategies is particularly important in multi-source multi-product converters and in slow reaction times converters as biomass boilers.
Multi-layer VI-GNSS Global Positioning Framework with Numerical Solution aided MAP Initialization

Motivated by the goal of achieving long-term drift-free camera pose estimation in complex scenarios, we propose a global positioning framework fusing visual, inertial and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements in multiple layers. Different from previous loosely- and tightly-coupled methods, the proposed multi-layer fusion allows us to delicately correct the drift of visual odometry and keep reliable positioning while GNSS degrades. In particular, local motion estimation is conducted in the inner-layer, solving the problem of scale drift and inaccurate bias estimation in visual odometry by fusing the velocity of GNSS, pre-integration of Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and camera measurement in a tightly-coupled way. The global localization is achieved in the outer-layer, where the local motion is further fused with GNSS position and course in a long-term period in a loosely-coupled way. Furthermore, a dedicated initialization method is proposed to guarantee fast and accurate estimation for all state variables and parameters. We give exhaustive tests of the proposed framework on indoor and outdoor public datasets. The mean localization error is reduced up to 63%, with a promotion of 69% in initialization accuracy compared with state-of-the-art works. We have applied the algorithm to Augmented Reality (AR) navigation, crowd sourcing high-precision map update and other large-scale applications.
Improving the Physicochemical and Biopharmaceutical Properties of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Derived from Traditional Chinese Medicine through Cocrystal Engineering

Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) extracted and isolated from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are of interest for drug development due to their wide range of biological activities. However, the overwhelming majority of APIs in TCMs (T-APIs), including flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and phenolic acids, are limited by their poor physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties, such as solubility, dissolution performance, stability and tabletability for drug development. Cocrystallization of these T-APIs with coformers offers unique advantages to modulate physicochemical properties of these drugs without compromising the therapeutic benefits by non-covalent interactions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current challenges, applications, and future directions of T-API cocrystals, including cocrystal designs, preparation methods, modifications and corresponding mechanisms of physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties. Moreover, a variety of studies are presented to elucidate the relationship between the crystal structures of cocrystals and their resulting properties, along with the underlying mechanism for such changes. It is believed that a comprehensive understanding of cocrystal engineering could contribute to the development of more bioactive natural compounds into new drugs.
Depression by the Theory of Breathing and Finding Meaning of Life

This study aimed to examine the relationship of finding meaning to life with the level of depression and investigates the effect of using breathing theory in treating or reducing depression in a sample of individuals suffering from depression in the Kuwait Mental Health Center. In order to achieve these objectives, the researcher used the descriptive and analytical approach through an applied questionnaire on the study sample which consist of (380) individuals and the quasi-experimental approach by dividing the study sample individuals into two groups; control group consisted of (190) individuals and experimental group consist of (190) individuals. Also, the researcher developed meaning of life scale and breathing strategy, also used beck depression inventory scale. The study found a set of results, there is a negative relationship between finding meaning in life and depression and there are statistically significant differences between the members of the two groups due to the use of the breathing strategy, in favor of the experimental group. In the light of this result, the study came out with a set of recommendations, the most important of which are holding training and educational courses for depressed patients on ways and methods of finding meaning in life , as these courses have the benefit in reducing the level of depression among patients.
IN SITU AND EX SITU BIOREMEDIATION OF HEAVY METALS: THE PRESENT SCENARIO

Enhanced population growth, rapid industrialization, urbanization and hazardous industrial practices have resulted in the development of environmental pollution in the past few decades. Heavy metals are one of those pollutants that are related to environmental and public health concerns based on their toxicity. Effective bioremediation may be accomplished through “ex situ” and “in situ” processes, based on the type and concentration of pollutants, characteristics of the site but is not limited to cost. The recent developments in artificial neural network and microbial gene editing help to improve “in situ” bioremediation of heavy metals from the polluted sites. Multi-omics approaches are adopted for the effective removal of heavy metals by various indigenous microbes. This overview introspects two major bioremediation techniques, their principles, limitations and advantages, and the new aspects of nanobiotechnology, computational biology and DNA technology to improve the scenario.
A Wire Electrode inside Parallelepipedicaly-Shaped Ground Inhomogeneity: Comparison of Two Solutions

The results for the resistance of the wire electrode inside parallelepipedicaly-shaped domain surrounded with homogeneous ground obtained by one recently proposed procedure for modeling described structure are compared with recently published results realized applying one new hybrid boundary element method. The first approach is based on the approximating system wire-parallelepiped with one wire conductor off equivalent length and cross-section radius. The hybrid method is based on equivalent electrodes method and point matching method applied on matching values for potential of wire electrode and normal component of electric field on the boundary surface between conductive media. The quasi-stationary approach is applied. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.eee. 19.5. 1845
Assessment of disaster risk management in Mexico

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a set of policy suggestions for integrating risk management and increasing risk reduction measures and planning. Design/methodology/approach – It bases on a brief description of the disaster risk management programs in Mexico, a review of their recent available assessments as well as it makes a brief economic analysis of their performance to conclude with some policy suggestions. Findings – Despite its novel design, the still low penetration of governmental instruments for disaster risk reduction in Mexico has led to high society’s reliance on post-disaster measures. It has encouraged moral risk among potential victims. Even when crop insurance has increased coverage over the past decade, disaster prevention instruments are still underused. Accessing to prevention funding requires project proposals from national and sub-national governments based on concrete risk assessments. However, the prevailing lack of institutional capacity to elaborate proposals from sub-national governments seems to explain it at a large extent. The paper provides a set of suggestions on this regard. Originality/value – There is no recent integral assessment of disaster risk in Mexico. Although there is a recent OECD review of the National Civil Protection System, its analysis leaves out the catastrophic agricultural insurance, critical part of comprehensive risk management of a country. On the other hand, there are recent evaluations of programs public for disaster risk management, but these consist of only individual program evaluations, lacking integrative and comparative analysis. Thus, this paper provides a comprehensive view of government risk management and concludes with a series of policy recommendations.
Nutrition on the Prevention and Treatment of Depression

Today, the general population consumes a diet high in sugars, saturated fats, incomplete protein sources, and the tendency to exceed the bodies caloric requirements. The trend of obesity due to poor dietary habits is alarming. Mental illness has increasingly risen over the past decade. Specifically, the incidence of depression has reached a startling rate. The relationship between poor dietary intake and depression have grown together and it is imperative that methods are introduced to aid in resolving this issue. The prevention and treatment of depression needs to be explored through alternative methods. Healthier dietary choices have been shown to have significant results in treating and preventing depression. NUTRITION ON THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION 3
Noise analysis of soliton communication systems-a new approach

A noise analysis that is applicable to any space-time soliton propagation problem with perturbation by spatially uncorrelated white or nonwhite noise sources is developed. It leads to particularly simple expressions for the variation of the inner products of the pulse with the weighting functions. The method is used to evaluate the effect of filters on the Gordon-Haus effect of amplified soliton propagation. >
A novel wavelet based time domain simulation approach

A novel time domain simulation approach for analyzing three-dimensional (3-D) passive microwave structures is presented. The electromagnetic fields of the structure under investigation are expanded into a hierarchical system of wavelets and scaling functions for all three dimensions leading to a stable, multiscale algorithm. By neglecting small wavelet coefficients and thereby reducing the computational effort, this method is equivalent to a finite difference scheme with a time dynamic space adaptive grid. A brief overview of the main ideas and advantages of the new method as well as the results of two numerical examples are given.
Active Cabin Noise and Vibration Control for Turboprop Aircraft Using Multiple Piezoelectric Actuators

The Active Structural Acoustic Control (ASAC) technique was applied to reduce propeller-induced noise and vibration in the passenger cabin of the deHavilland Dash-8 turboprop aircraft. Piezoceramic elements were used for structural actuation while velocity feedback of the fuselage was achieved through the use of accelerometers. Three actuators comprised of segmented piezoelectric elements were designed with the objective of reducing the noise and vibration levels at the propeller Blade Passage Frequency (BPF). Twelve accelerometers were grouped to effectively form three sensors. Second order classical compensators were designed for each of the three dominant control loops in order to achieve high gain at the BPF, rendering the closed-loop system insensitive to disturbances at the control frequency. The propeller acoustic field on the port side of the aircraft was simulated in a laboratory using a speaker-ring consisting of four loudspeakers. The control system was tested using this acoustic field, producing noise attenuation as high as 28 dB in the interior, and fuselage vibration reduction as high as 16 dB.
Advancing human health, safety, and well-being with healthy buildings

More than a decade ago, the Healthier Hospitals Initiative challenged health systems to improve sustainability and safety in the healthcare sector. Since then, the design and creation of healthy healthcare buildings has become a key component of improving individual and population health, guided by the idea that built environments should facilitate, not impede, progress toward healthful lifestyles and better health outcomes. This movement is grounded in research to inform the evidence-based design process, the science and aesthetics of green and well buildings, metrics on health outcomes for patients and staff, and longterm financial benefits for healthcare organizations. This article is an informed synthesis and analysis of best practices that represent the key features of healthy buildings; discusses research-based building-design interventions, protocols, and policies that promote the creation of healthy buildings; outlines pertinent building-certification programs and standards; identifies the measurable benefits of healthy buildings for patients, staff, financial stakeholders, and communities; and recommends specific actions that hospital and health system leaders can take to make healthy buildings a reality benefiting all stakeholders Examples of institutions that have been successful in this effort are offered as possible models and sources of inspiration for organizations that aim to make their built environments healthier.
The Floodplain Forests of the Mamberamo Basin, Papua, Indonesia (Western New Guinea): Vegetation, Soils, and Local Use

New Guinea is the world’s largest, most speciose, and most culturally rich tropical island, and the little-studied Mamberamo Basin of Papua (Indonesian New Guinea) is recognised among the region’s most-important areas for biological diversity. Here, we examined the floodplain forests in the indigenous territory of Papasena, within the Mamberamo-Foja Wildlife Reserve in the Mamberamo Basin. As part of a training activity with local researchers, students, and civil servants, and with the permission and assistance of the local people, we employed various methods including the field surveys detailed here. We used variable-area tree plots, transects for non-trees and soil sampling, and local informants to document 17 plots: four in old-growth dryland forest, five in old-growth swamp forests (two seasonally flooded and three permanently wet including one dominated by sago, Metroxylon sagu Rottb.), five in secondary forest (fallows), and three in gardens (two in swamps and one on dryland). In total, we measured 475 trees over 10 cm in diameter at 1.3 m (dbh). The swamp forests had high local basal areas (highest value 45.1 m2 ha−1) but relatively low statures (20 m but with emergent trees over 40 m). In total, 422 morphospecies from 247 genera and 89 different families were distinguished. These included 138 tree species and 284 non-tree plant species. A quarter (105) of the morphospecies lacked species-level identifications. The woody families Rubiaceae, Araceae, Moraceae, and Euphorbiaceae were especially diverse, with 20 or more morphospecies each. Tree richness was highest in dryland forest (plot 7 having 28 species in 40 stems over 10 cm dbh) with more variation in the flooded forests. Non-tree vegetation showed similar patterns ranging from 65 species in one 40-by-5 m primary forest plot to just 5 in one seasonally flooded forest plot. The local people identified many plants as useful. Among trees, at least 59 species were useful for construction (the most common use), while, for non-trees, medicinal uses were most frequent. Inceptisols dominated (12 plots), followed by Ultisols and Entisols (3 and 2 plots, respectively). Drainage appeared poor and nutrient availability low, while land-suitability criteria implied little potential for crops aside from sago. We discuss the implication of local practises and more recent developments that may threaten the conservation of these floodplain systems. We underline the key role of local people in the oversight and protection of these ecosystems.
Information sharing for replenishment planning and control in fresh food supply chains: a planning environment perspective

Abstract This study explores how fresh food processors’ planning environment characteristics (PECs) affect the information sharing in supply chains during replenishment planning and control (RP&C). The research design is a multiple case study covering a triadic supply chain with five fresh food product (FFP) processors, one wholesaler and nine retail stores. The analysis investigates how the product-, demand-, supply- and production-related PECs affect the material requirements planning and master production scheduling at the FFP processors. Further, it investigates how these affect information sharing at a product level. The findings propose a means to differentiate the information sharing in a supply chain at a product level, rather than differentiation based on demand type or processor which currently dominates the field. The study derives propositions regarding appropriate frequency, timing, direction, modality, content and dynamism of information sharing during RP&C.
How do online hotel consumers perceive room rates?

While it has been perceived that hotel consumers using online travel agencies (OTAs) are overall price sensitive, a dominant use of OTAs in hotel booking suggests that there are more diverse consumers in terms of price perception. As such, this study investigates the price sensitivity of the Online Travel Agency (OTA) consumer segments, using price sensitivity measurement (PSM) by using factor analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed four OTA consumer segments, i.e., planned bargain seekers, enthusiastic shoppers, deal hunters, and apathetic shoppers. Differences in price sensitivity was confirmed among these segments. This study uncovers the characteristics of OTA consumers who are more (less) price sensitive. By using PSM, this study presents and compares the optimal pricing points across the customer segments in terms of monetary values. Based on the findings, this study provides theoretical and practical implications.
High Sensitivity Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on Periodic Multilayer Thin Films

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors consisting of alternate layers of silver (Ag) and TiO2 thin film have been proposed as a high sensitivity biosensor. The structure not only prevents the Ag film from oxidation, but also enhances the field inside the structure, thereby improving the performance of the sensor. Genetic algorithm (GA) was used to optimize the proposed structure and its maximum angular sensitivity was 384°/RIU (refractive index unit) at the refractive index environment of 1.3425, which is about 3.12 times that of the conventional Ag-based biosensor. A detailed discussion, based on the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, revealed that an enhanced evanescent field at the top layer–analyte region results in the ultra-sensitivity characteristic. We expect that the proposed structure can be a suitable biosensor for chemical detection, clinical diagnostics, and biological examination.