Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phase retrieval from overexposed PSF: a projection-based approach

We investigate the general adjustment of projection-based phase retrieval algorithms for use with saturated data. In the phase retrieval problem, model fidelity of experimental data containing a non-zero background level, fixed pattern noise, or overexposure, often presents a serious obstacle for standard algorithms. Recently, it was shown that overexposure can help to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in AI applications. We present our first results in exploring this direction in the phase retrieval problem, using as an example the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm with simulated data. The proposed method can find application in microscopy, characterisation of precise optical instruments, and machine vision applications of Industry4.0.
CRITICAL PEDAGOGY & ELT CLASSROOMS IN INDIA: SOME THOUGHTS

This paper examines critical pedagogy and English language teaching (ELT) to understand how a classroom may, or may not, incorporate both of these aspects in a productive manner. It begins with looking at a relatively different paradigm of education that emerged towards the end of the twentieth century, where ideas of knowledge economy and knowledge capitalism gain ground. It traces a changing field of ELT that argues for language teaching from the perspective of Gramscian hegemony and spontaneous grammars. The paper briefly surveys the concept of critical pedagogy starting with the work of Paulo Friere and various other scholars. It will then see how this concept works in ESL classrooms and contexts, using culture and local concerns from the lives of learners particularly from India. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0992/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
STUDY OF ADAPTIVE FILTER ALGORITHM BASED ON WAVELET ANALYSIS IN SUPPRESSING PDS PERIODIC NARROW BANDWIDTH NOISE

A new adaptive algorithm based on wavelet analysis to suppress narrow bandwidth noise is proposed. The usual adaptive filter is one of the best algorithm in suppressing sinusoidal noises in PD signal processing. But it is difficult in setting the parameters of the adaptive filter in PD on-line monitoring due to wide frequency range of narrow bandwidth noise, and it may be unstable sometimes when the parameters set improperly. Study shows that the new algorithm has better performance and stability compared to usual adaptive filters.
Troponin Cut-Offs for Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Impaired Renal Function—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Identifying acute myocardial infarction in patients with renal disease is notoriously difficult, due to atypical presentation and chronically elevated troponin. The aim of this study was to identify a specific troponin T/troponin I cut-off value for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in patients with renal impairment via meta-analysis. Two investigators screened 2590 publications from MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library. Only studies that investigated alternative cut-offs according to renal impairment were included. Fifteen articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Six studies were combined for meta-analysis. The manufacturer’s upper reference level for troponin T is 14 ng/L. Based on the meta-analyses, cut-off values for troponin in patients with renal impairment with myocardial infarction was 42 ng/L for troponin I and 48 ng/L for troponin T. For patients on dialysis the troponin T cut-off is even higher at 239 ng/L. A troponin I cut-off value for dialysis patients could not be established due to lack of data. The 15 studies analyzed showed considerable diversity in study design, study population, and the definition of myocardial infarction. Further studies are needed to define a reliable troponin cut-off value for patients with kidney disease, especially in dialysis patients, and to allow necessary subanalysis.
Reducing switching losses through MOSFET-IGBT combination

This paper introduces a configuration aimed at switching losses reduction trough a power leg constructed by combining a MOSFET and an IGBT. The combined use of these different switches leads to the turn-on losses reduction trough the use of the faster freewheeling diode of the IGBT, and the turn-off losses reduction trough use of the MOSFET’s lower losses because of the lack of tailing current, typical for IGBT’s. The introduced leg structure can be used to build single phase – full bridge invertors or three phase inverters. The proposed leg is realized, experimented and validated.
Comparison and analysis on sheep meat quality and flavor under pasture-based fattening contrast to intensive pasture-based feeding system

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 4-month intensive feeding on the meat quality, fatty acid profile, flavor, and growth performance of grazing Hulunbuir sheep (HBS). Methods The HBS were selected 4-months after birth in a pasture rearing system as the experimental animals (n = 44, female, average body weight 23.8±2.2 kg) then divided equally into pasture-based grazing fattening (PAS) and concentrate-included intensive fattening (CON) groups for another 4-month finishing. When finished fattening, all animals were slaughtered to collect musculus longissimus dorsi subcutaneous adipose tissue and to investigate the influences on meat quality, fatty acid profile, flavor and growth performance. Results The results showed lambs in CON group got significantly higher live weight, hot carcass weight, and dressing percentage. The CON group had significantly higher value of redness (a*), lightness (L*) and water holding capacity (p<0.05), significantly lower value of Warner-Bratzler shear force than the PAS group (p<0.05). The subcutaneous fat from CON group lambs demonstrated a significantly higher content of C18:1 and C18:2 (p<0.05), but lower C14:0 and C16:0, indicating an increased degree of unsaturated fatty acid. The content of 4-methyloctanoic acid, 4-ethyloctanoic acid and 4-methylnonanoic acid had increased 2 to 4 times, representing a more intense odor in the CON group. However, the values were still lower than most sheep breeds reported, indicating the indoor feeding system could not fundamentally deteriorate the excellent meat characteristic of HBS. Conclusion It was evident that lambs in CON group exhibited a better meat production performance, improved in meat color, texture and healthier fatty acid profile through pasture-weaned concentrate included intensive fattening system, which offers a good alternative regimen for lamb finishing and has a wide prospection in the HBS meat industry.
Associations Of Delta Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene Polymorphisms With Lipid Metabolism Disorders

Overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are common chronic ailments associated with lipid metabolism disorders. One of the mechanisms of these disorders is related to the deficiency and/or change in the balance of essential fatty acids (FAs). At the same time, the provision of ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) depends, besides sufficient dietary intake, on efficiency of their endogenous biosynthesis by desaturation and elongation processes regulated by FA elongases and FA desaturases. Desaturases are encoded by PUFA desaturase genes (FADSs): FADS1 and FADS2. Alteration of FA desaturase activity and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FADS1 and FADS2 gene cluster are associated with lipid metabolism dysfunction and may affect the pathogenesis of lipid-related diseases. People of different ages, from different ethnic backgrounds and countries may exhibit varying degrees of response to dietary supplements of ω3 and ω6 PUFAs. The study of the relationship between lipid metabolism disorders and genetic factors controlling FA metabolism is an important research area since the health effects of alimentary ω3 and ω6 PUFAs can depend on genetic variants of the FADS genes. This review summarizes the literature data on the association of FADS gene polymorphisms with lipid metabolism disorders and their role in the development of chronic non-communicable pathologies associated with changes in lipid metabolism.
Linked Open Images: Visual similarity for the Semantic Web

This paper presents ArtVision, a Semantic Web application that integrates computer vision APIs with the ResearchSpace platform, allowing for the matching of similar artworks and photographs across cultural heritage image collections. The field of Digital Art History stands to benefit a great deal from computer vision, as numerous projects have already made good progress in tackling issues of visual similarity, artwork classification, style detection, gesture analysis, among others. Pharos, the International Consortium of Photo Archives, is building its platform using the ResearchSpace knowledge system, an open-source semantic web platform that allows heritage institutions to publish and enrich collections as Linked Open Data through the CIDOC-CRM, and other ontologies. Using the images and artwork data of Pharos collections, this paper outlines the methodologies used to integrate visual similarity data from a number of computer vision APIs, allowing users to discover similar artworks and generate canonical URIs for each artwork.
SUMOylation in Viral Replication and Antiviral Defense

SUMOylation is a ubiquitination‐like post‐translational modification that plays an essential role in the regulation of protein function. Recent studies have shown that proteins from both RNA and DNA virus families can be modified by SUMO conjugation, which facilitates viral replication. Viruses can manipulate the entire process of SUMOylation through interplay with the SUMO pathway. By contrast, SUMOylation can eliminate viral infection by regulating host antiviral immune components. A deeper understanding of how SUMOylation regulates viral proteins and cellular antiviral components is necessary for the development of effective antiviral therapies. In the present review, the regulatory mechanism of SUMOylation in viral replication and infection and the antiviral immune response, and the consequences of this regulation for viral replication and engagement with antiviral innate immunity are summarized. The potential therapeutic applications of SUMOylation in diseases caused by viruses are also discussed.
Drug-Dosing Adjustment in Dogs and Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease

Simple Summary Adjusting drug dosages in dogs and cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be challenging in clinical practice due to the lack of specific indications in the current literature; moreover, the evaluation of renal function through the measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which is unanimously considered as a requisite for most adjustment strategies, is often hard to perform in clinical settings. Therefore, the present review aims to provide practical guidelines for dosage adjustment in CKD patients through an overview of the available literature. Abstract Chronic kidney disease is a common kidney disorder in adult and aged dogs and cats; the management of associated complications and comorbidities generally requires a life-long medical treatment to ensure a good quality of life of affected patients. However, indications and the literature on drug dosing in dogs and cats with chronic kidney disease are often lacking. The aim of this review is to revise the current literature on drug dosing in canine and feline patients with renal impairment, with a special focus on the most commonly used medications to manage chronic kidney disease and possible comorbidities.
CLUSTERING IN ONTOLOGY-BASED ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH PROJECT DESCRIPTIONS

Ontology-based approach in exploratory analysis of textual data can significantly improve the qualityof the obtained results. On the other hand, the use of domain knowledge defined in the form ofontologies increases the time needed to prepare a model and makes required calculations morecomplex. The publication will discuss selected aspects of cluster analysis performed on documentsautomatically annotated using ontologies. It seems that methodological aspects of cluster analysisprocess, especially the way in which distances are determined, should depend on the structure of agiven ontology. Three cases involving the use of ontologies with linear, hierarchical and networkstructures will be discussed. The methodological aspects of ontology-based cluster analysis of textdocuments was used for analysis of projects’ descriptions related to the area of economics andregistered in the period 2019-2021. Only Horizon and Framework Program projects were included.
The Obscure Potential of AHNAK2

Simple Summary AHNAK2 is a relatively newly discovered protein. It can interact with many other proteins. This protein is increased in cells of variety of different cancers. AHNAK2 may play a vital role in cancer formation. AHNAK2 may have a role in early detection of cancer. This obscure potential of AHNAK2 is being studied. Abstract AHNAK2 is a protein discovered in 2004, with a strong association with oncogenesis in various epithelial cancers. It has a large 616 kDa tripartite structure and is thought to take part in the formation of large multi-protein complexes. High expression is found in clear cell renal carcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, uveal melanoma, and lung adenocarcinoma, with a relation to poor prognosis. Little work has been done in exploring the function and relation AHNAK2 has with cancer, with early studies showing promising potential as a future biomarker and therapeutic target.
Using the UniFrac metric on Whole Genome Shotgun data

The UniFrac metric has proven useful in revealing diversity across metagenomic communities. Due to the phylogeny-based nature of this measurement, UniFrac has historically only been applied to 16S rRNA data. Simultaneously, Whole Genome Shotgun (WGS) metagenomics has been increasingly widely employed and proven to provide more information than 16S data, but a UniFrac-like diversity metric suitable for WGS data has not previously been developed. The main obstacle for UniFrac to be applied directly to WGS data is the absence of phylogenetic distances in the taxonomic relationship derived from WGS data. In this study, we demonstrate a method to overcome this intrinsic difference and compute the UniFrac metric on WGS data by assigning branch lengths to the taxonomic tree obtained from input taxonomic profiles. We conduct a series of experiments to demonstrate that this WGSUniFrac method is comparably robust to traditional 16S UniFrac and is not highly sensitive to branch lengths assignments, be they data-derived or model-prescribed. Code implementing a prototype of WGSUniFrac along with paper reproducible are available at https://github.com/KoslickiLab/WGSUniFrac.
Angular-dependent asymmetric plasmonic resonance of inclined nanopillars using stencil nanolithography

Researches on polarization using metamaterials are applied in various fields. In particular, asymmetrically aligned nanostructured arrays have unique applications because they support interesting optical properties that differ from symmetrical structures. However, conventional nanostructures like 2D hole arrays rely on E-beam lithography or focused ion beam methods requiring complex processes, and they are not suitable for fabricating 3D nanostructures. In this work, we demonstrated the inclined-gold nanopillar arrays through one-step stencil lithography on 0.5mm x 0.5mm area. The angle between the substrate and the vapor flux was precisely controlled by tilting the substrate to form an inclined nanorod. The polarization direction dependences of inclined pillar arrays are experimentally measured in the visible regime. Unlike symmetric structures, breaking of symmetry between nanostructures and electromagnetic fields leads to polarization direction dependence plasmonic effect in asymmetric structure. We experimentally analyzed that reflectance is adjustable by controlling the plasmon coupling distribution of the localized surface plasmon resonance occurring on the surface of the nanostructure using polarization on the asymmetric nanostructure. Based on this concept, we expect that this concept is applicable in the field of three-dimensional metasurface, polarization-controlled color printing, and polarization detecting system.
Organic indoor location : infrastructure and applications

We describe OIL, a system that uses the existing wireless infrastructure of a building to enable a mobile device to discover its indoor location. One of the main goals behind OIL is to enable non-expert users to contribute the data that is required for localization. Toward this we have developed (1) a server-client architecture for aggregating and distributing data; (2) a caching scheme that enables client devices to estimate indoor location; (3) a simple user interface for contributing data; and (4) a way to indicate how uncertain localization estimates are. We evaluate our system with a nine-day, nineteen-person user study that took place on campus as well as a deployment of the system at an off-campus long-term specialized care facility. We also describe how to use a person's indoor location trace (i.e. the rooms they had visited and the times of each visit) to build a content-based recommendation system for academic seminars. Such a system would learn about a user's preferences implicitly, placing no burden on the user. We evaluate a prototype recommendation system based on data gathered from a user study in which participants ranked seminars.
Effect of Azotobacter Chroococcum and Nitrogen Fertilization on Some Morphophysiological Traits, Grain Yield, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Safflower Genotypes in Rainfed Conditions

ABSTRACT The effects of Azotobacter chroococcum (A. chroococcum) and nitrogen (N) fertilization on root morphological traits, plant physiology, N uptake of plant, yield components, grain yield, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of six safflower genotypes in rainfed conditions were examined. A factorial experiment was conducted based on the three replications of randomized complete block designs in two cropping years, 2015–2016 and 2016–2017, at Sarableh Agricultural Research Station, Ilam Province, western Iran. Experimental factors included seed inoculation with A. chroococcum using N chemical fertilizer at four levels (two treatments without using N fertilizers urea included control and seed inoculation with A. chroococcum and another two treatments received urea included seed inoculation with A. chroococcum + 50% N of urea source and 100% N of urea chemical source), and six safflower genotypes (312-S6-697, PI-401478, PI-253895, PI-306974, Padideh, and Sina). The results indicated that the highest grain yield, number of grains per boll, and photosynthesis rate were obtained with no significant differences in the treatments of 100% N fertilizer and seed inoculation with A. chroococcum + 50% N fertilizer use. Besides, inoculation with A. chroococcum + 50% N fertilizer had higher NUE than 100% N fertilizer application. Comparing the average genotypes suggested that Sina cultivar with the highest grain yield and NUE was recognized as the best cultivar among the studied genotypes. Therefore, the appropriate cultivars (Sina) with recommended 50% N fertilizer application with A. chroococcum was used to reach the sustainable agriculture under rainfed safflower cultivation. Abbreviations A. chroococcum: Azotobacter chroococcum; BBCH scale: Biologische Bundesantalt, Bun-dessortenamt and Chemische Industrie; N: Nitrogen; NUE: Nitrogen use efficiency
OP16 The first virtual chromoendoscopy artificial intelligence system to detect endoscopic and histologic remission in Ulcerative Colitis

Endoscopic and histologic activity are important therapeutic targets in ulcerative colitis (UC). The Paddington International Virtual ChromoendoScopy ScOre (VCE-PICaSSO)1 demonstrated that enhanced visualisation of subtle mucosal and vascular inflammatory changes correlated strongly with histology. However, without adequate training, the subjective evaluation of white light (WL) and VCE endoscopic scores varies between observers. We aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) system for objective assessment of endoscopic disease activity and predict histology related to both white light and VCE videos. 469 endoscopy videos (48512 frames) from 235 patients representative of all grades of inflammation, from our prospective PICaSSO multicentre study1 were used to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN). 316 videos were divided into training (254) and validation (62) sets. 153 additional videos (78 patients) were used as test cohort. The videos were edited to separate clips with WL and with VCE, and assessed using Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS) and PICaSSO, respectively. The classification stage of a pre-trained ResNet50 CNN classifier was trained to predict the healing or active inflammation on video frames. One network was trained to predict endoscopic remission (ER) as UCEIS≤1 from WL frames, and a second network was trained to predict PICaSSO≤3 from VCE. Histological remission (HR) was defined as Robarts Histological Index (RHI) ≤3 with no neutrophils in lamina propria or epithelium. In the validation cohort, our system predicted ER (UCEIS ≤1) in WL videos with 82% sensitivity (Se), 94% specificity (Sp) and an area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 0.92. For the detection of remission in VCE videos (PICaSSO ≤3) Se was 74%, Sp 95%, and AUROC 0.95. In the testing cohort of independent videos, the diagnostic performance for both cut offs of ER remained similar. Our system also had an excellent diagnostic performance for the prediction of HR in the validation set, with Se, Sp, and Accuracy of 92%, 83%, and 85% respectively, using VCE, and 83%, 87%, and 86% respectively, with WL. In the testing set performance declined modestly while remaining good. Of note, the algorithm’s prediction of histology was similar with VCE and WL videos. Table 1 Table 2 Our AI system accurately recognize endoscopic remission in videos and predict histological remission equally well. This is the first AI model developed to analyse inflammation and endoscopic remission in VCE through the PICaSSO score, and the first multi-domain system providing a complete endoscopic and histologic assessment. 1. Iacucci et al. Gastroenterology 2021
Effect of Myosin Isoforms on Cardiac Muscle Twitch of Mice, Rats and Humans

To understand how pathology-induced changes in contractile protein isoforms modulate cardiac muscle function, it is necessary to quantify the temporal-mechanical properties of contractions that occur under various conditions. Pathological responses are much easier to study in animal model systems than in humans, but extrapolation between species presents numerous challenges. Employing computational approaches can help elucidate relationships that are difficult to test experimentally by translating the observations from rats and mice, as model organisms, to the human heart. Here, we use the spatially explicit MUSICO platform to model twitch contractions from rodent and human trabeculae collected in a single laboratory. This approach allowed us to identify the variations in kinetic characteristics of α- and β-myosin isoforms across species and to quantify their effect on cardiac muscle contractile responses. The simulations showed how the twitch transient varied with the ratio of the two myosin isoforms. Particularly, the rate of tension rise was proportional to the fraction of α-myosin present, while the β-isoform dominated the rate of relaxation unless α-myosin was >50%. Moreover, both the myosin isoform and the Ca2+ transient contributed to the twitch tension transient, allowing two levels of regulation of twitch contraction.