Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do Female Three‐Spined Sticklebacks Copy the Mate Choice of Others?

1992; Kirkpatrick and Dugatkin 1994; Laland 1994; DuA common assumption in evolutionary models of female gatkin and Hoglund 1995) or indirect (Servedio and mate choice is that mating preferences are genetically Kirkpatrick 1996) selection on females. Copying, like inbased and that females choose mates independently of dependent mate choice, increases the variance of male the choices of other females in the population (reviewed mating success in a population and thus the opportunity in Andersson 1994; Ryan 1997). However, field observafor sexual selection (Wade and Pruett-Jones 1990). tions (reviewed in Hoglund and Alatalo 1995) have sugIn several species of polygynous fish (reviewed in gested and experimental studies (reviewed in Dugatkin Pruett-Jones 1992; Jamieson 1995; Dugatkin 1996a), in1996a) have confirmed that females, particularly in procluding the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeamiscuous and lekking species, may copy the choices of tus (Ridley and Rechten 1981; Jamieson and Colgan others under certain circumstances. A female is consid1989; Belles-Isles et al. 1990; Goldschmidt et al. 1993), feered to have copied the mate choice of another female(s) males prefer to mate with males whose nests contain eggs if the probability of her choosing a specific male as a obtained from prior matings. Although previously attribmate is increased specifically as a result of her observing uted to copying (Goldschmidt et al. 1993), it remains unother females previously choosing that same male (Wade certain whether this phenomenon is due to actual mateand Pruett-Jones 1990; Pruett-Jones 1992; Dugatkin choice copying (as defined earlier), as females apparently 1996a), rather than because of any change in that male’s did not directly observe the mate choice of others in behavior due to his prior mating or proximity to females these studies. Alternatively, females may be attracted to or because of any preference by females for certain sites nests already containing eggs because the males that deirrespective of the male or to aggregate with other fefend such nests have been chosen previously by other females (Dugatkin 1992, 1996a; Pruett-Jones 1992). males (Jamieson 1995; Dugatkin 1996a), provide more Potential fitness benefits of copying accruing to feparental care (Sargent 1988), may court more vigorously males include information gained from other individuals (Jamieson and Colgan 1989), or may be more colorful that might know more about prospective mates, in(Jamieson and Colgan 1989) and/or because predation creased accuracy with which females discriminate male risk on their own eggs would be diluted by the presence quality, and reduction of the costs of mate assessment of other females’ eggs in the nest (Jamieson 1995; Forsand choice. By copying, however, an individual risks gren et al. 1996). If females prefer males with eggs almating with a recently mated male with depleted sperm ready in their nest for reasons of mate choice, then they
Développement d'algorithmes pour la fonction NCTR - Application des calculs parallèles sur les processeurs GPU

Le theme principal de cette these est l'etude d'algorithmes de reconnaissance de cibles non cooperatives (NCTR). Il s'agit de faire de la reconnaissance au sein de la classe "chasseur" en utilisant le profil distance. Nous proposons l'etude de quatre algorithmes : un base sur l'algorithme des KPPV, un sur les methodes probabilistes et deux sur la logique floue. Une contrainte majeure des algorithmes NCTR est le controle du taux d'erreur tout en maximisant le taux de succes. Nous avons pu montrer que les deux premiers algorithmes ne permettait pas de respecter cette contrainte. Nous avons en revanche propose deux algorithmes bases sur la logique floue qui permettent de respecter cette contrainte. Ceci se fait au detriment du taux de succes (notamment sur les donnees reelles) pour le premier des deux algorithmes. Cependant la deuxieme version de l'algorithme a permis d'augmenter considerablement le taux de succes tout en gardant le controle du taux d'erreur. Le principe de cet algorithme est de caracteriser, case distance par case distance, l'appartenance a une classe en introduisant notamment des donnees acquises en chambre sourde. Nous avons egalement propose une procedure permettant d'adapter les donnees acquises en chambre sourde pour une classe donnee a d'autres classes de cibles. La deuxieme contrainte forte des algorithmes NCTR est la contrainte du temps reel. Une etude poussee d'une parallelisation de l'algorithme base sur les KPPV a ete realisee en debut de these. Cette etude a permis de faire ressortir les points a prendre en compte lors d'une parallelisation sur GPU d'algorithmes NCTR. Les conclusions tirees de cette etude permettront par la suite de paralleliser de maniere efficace sur GPU les futurs algorithmes NCTR et notamment ceux proposes dans le cadre de cette these.
Distribuição de chaves criptograficas em redes de sensores sem fio

Redes de Sensores Sem Fio (RSSFs) sao compostas em sua maioria por pequenos nos sensores dotados de recursos extremamente limitados. Estes, por sua vez, se comunicam com o mundo externo atraves de nos poderosos chamados de sorvedouros ou estacoes radio base. RSSFs sao empregadas com o objetivo de monitorar regioes, oferecendo dados sobre a area monitorada para o resto do sistema. Tais redes podem ser utilizadas para diferentes aplicacoes, tais como operacoes de resgate em areas de conflito/desastre, espionagem industrial e deteccao de exploracao ilegal de recursos naturais. Em RSSFs existem aplicacoes criticas nas quais propriedades de seguranca sao de vital importância. Seguranca, por sua vez, e comumente alavancada atraves de esquemas de distribuicao de chaves. A maioria dos padroes de distribuicao de chaves presentes na literatura, todavia, nao sao apropriados para RSSFs: metodos baseados em esquemas de chave publica convencionais, devido aos seus requisitos de processamento e banda; chaves de grupo, em funcao das suas vulnerabilidades de seguranca; e chaves par-a-par (pairwise), por causa da baixa escalabilidade. Um outro dado e que ha uma vasta gama de arquiteturas propostas para RSSFs e que uma mesma tecnica de distribuicao de chaves pode ser a melhor para uma, mas nao para outra, visto que diferentes arquiteturas de rede exibem padroes de comunicacao distintos. Em outras palavras, nao existe uma panaceia, e mecanismos de distribuicao de chaves para RSSFs devem, portanto, levar em consideracao as idiossincrasias das arquiteturas para as quais sao projetadas. Tudo isso torna extremamente dificil e desafiadora a tarefa de dotar RSSFs de seguranca. O objetivo deste trabalho foi propor solucoes de distribuicao de chaves que, concomitantemente, (i) fossem compativeis com os recursos dos sensores e (ii) considerassem as particularidades das arquiteturas para as quais sao propostas. Como sera mostrado ao longo desta tese, iniciamos nosso trabalho com solucoes personalizadas para certas arquiteturas de RSSFs e evoluimos para solucoes flexiveis em que a seguranca e alavancada de forma nao interativa - o que e ideal para este tipo de rede. Ate onde sabemos, nosso trabalho e pioneiro em solucoes de seguranca para RSSFs hierarquicas e em distribuicao de chaves de forma autenticada e nao interativa, usando Criptografia Baseada em Identidade, neste tipo de rede Abstract
Biosynthetic studies on oleandomycin by incorporation of the chemically synthesized aglycones.

biosynthetic processes, especially the final steps in the biosynthesis of the 14-membered-ring macrolide antibiotic, oleandomycin (1) have not yet been well elucidated. Recently, an Abbott group isolated (8i? )-8,8a-deoxyoleandolide (3) from a fermentation broth of an erythromycin-producing strain, and suggested the aglycone 3 to be a biosynthetic intermediate of oleandomycin4). We have chemically synthesized the aglycone 3 and the related aglycones including the intact aglycone, oleandolide (5) for chemical simulations of the biosynthesis5'6) and the total synthesis of oleandomycin (1)7'8). The
Longitudinal study of a deaf child

H o ltz , Jeanyce F. In te rd is c ip l in a r y Studies A Longitud ina l Case Study o f Suzanne (129 p .) D ire c to r : Sara McClain The purpose o f th is study was to examine the f i r s t ten years o f a deaf c h i ld who i s , by a l l present evidence, succe ss fu lly in t e ­ grated in to the hearing world in the p u b l ic school system. Through a n a rra t ive o f the developmental h ig h l ig h ts o f Suzanne's f i r s t ten years, i t is hoped to acquaint the reader w ith the d i f f i c u l t i e s a deaf c h i ld has in acqu ir ing the a b i l i t y to communi­ cate success fu lly and w ith the re s p o n s ib i l i t ie s o f those in the deaf c h i ld 's environment. An in-depth study was made through formal te s ts , w r i t te n comments o f teachers, speech and hearing c l in ic ia n s , a p sych o log is t , and re s u lts o f a soc io -m etr ic study o f Suzanne's present capac it ies in vocabulary, language, academic achievement, and o f her a d ju s t ­ ment to her environment in the hearing world and an attempt was made to examine cu rren t research on the development o f the deaf c h i ld in the above areas, in order to reach some conclusions about the aspects in Suzanne's environment th a t have been the most b e n e f ic ia l . The conclusions reached in th is thes is were th a t the p re d is ­ p o s it io n fo r language development is inherent in almost every c h i ld inc lud ing the deaf c h i ld , and th a t language a c q u is i t io n is developmental and h ie ra rc h ia l , and th a t there is an optimal period o f development between the ages o f two and fo u r years o f age. Academic achievement in deaf c h i ld re n co rre la te s more c lo se ly w ith th e i r language a b i l i t i e s than w ith t h e i r in te l l ig e n c e (Quigley and F r is in a , 1961). This fa c t along w ith the e a r ly optimal period fo r the development o f language puts a s tress on the e a r ly in te rve n t io n in order to help the deaf c h i ld achieve language. Early in te rven t io n stresses e a r ly a m p l i f ic a t io n , support from pro fess iona ls to parents, a home in te rv e n t io n program, e a r ly placement in a preschool program, and a developmental or " n a tu ra l " approach to language. As the c h i ld reaches school age, in te rve n t io n includes a great deal o f assistance w ith academic progress, e s p e c ia l ly th a t progress th a t depends on the c h i ld 's language a b i l i t y . I t is also concluded th a t a deaf c h i ld should be helped to re a l iz e h is /h e r c re a t ive and specia l ta le n ts in o rder th a t he/she become an in te re s t in g person to others and in o rder th a t he may develop a good se lf-concep t.
Interventional Patient Hygiene for the Wound Care Professional

presented at the 2004 APIC Education Conference Phoenix, AZ. 21. Maklebust J, Magnan MA. Risk factors associated with having a pressure ulcer: a secondary data analysis. Adv Wound Care 1994:25, 27-8, 31-4. 22. Bayerl K, Boushley G. Effective utilization of nurse aides for rapid risk assessment and response resulting in improved staff communication and patient outcome. Accepted Storyboard 2006. 18th Annual National Forum on Quality Improvement in Health Care (IHI), Orlando, FL; December 2006. 23. Bryant RA, Rolstad BS. Examining threats to skin integrity. Ostomy Wound Manage 2001;
Systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of dermatoscopy in detecting malignant melanoma

OBJECTIVE To assess the evidence that dermatoscopy improves the accuracy of diagnosis of melanomas in clinical practice. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE 1983-January 1997, EMBASE 1980-1996, and bibliographies of retrieved articles. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Studies selected were original studies with formal methods and results sections comparing diagnostic accuracy of dermatoscopy for malignant melanoma with another clinical method; the criterion standard was excision biopsy with histopathological examination; and accuracy of dermatoscopic diagnosis was determined over a spectrum of stages of melanoma and skin lesions commonly confused with melanoma. Data were extracted by a single observer. DATA SYNTHESIS 579 articles were identified; six studies met the inclusion criteria. Positive likelihood ratios for dermatoscopy for diagnosis of melanoma ranged from 2.9 to 10.3. Dermatoscopy had 10%-27% higher sensitivity than clinical diagnosis in the two studies with the most clinically equivocal lesions. However, when sensitivity of clinical diagnosis was more than 84%, sensitivity of dermatoscopy was only slightly higher. One study of dermatologists with no training in dermatoscopy showed a significant decrease in sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Variability between studies in methods, observers and types of pigmented skin lesions and lack of studies in primary care make generalisation of results difficult. Dermatoscopy appeared not to improve the accuracy of diagnosis enough to alter the clinical management of most pigmented skin lesions. Further research with more explicit methods is needed.
Microenvironment-Driven Dynamic Heterogeneity and Phenotypic Plasticity as a Mechanism of Melanoma Therapy Resistance

Drug resistance constitutes a major challenge in designing melanoma therapies. Microenvironment-driven tumor heterogeneity and plasticity play a key role in this phenomenon. Melanoma is highly heterogeneous with diverse genomic alterations and expression of different biological markers. In addition, melanoma cells are highly plastic and capable of adapting quickly to changing microenvironmental conditions. These contribute to variations in therapy response and durability between individual melanoma patients. In response to changing microenvironmental conditions, like hypoxia and nutrient starvation, proliferative melanoma cells can switch to an invasive slow-cycling state. Cells in this state are more aggressive and metastatic, and show increased intrinsic drug resistance. During continuous treatment, slow-cycling cells are enriched within the tumor and give rise to a new proliferative subpopulation with increased drug resistance, by exerting their stem cell-like behavior and phenotypic plasticity. In melanoma, the proliferative and invasive states are defined by high and low microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression, respectively. It has been observed that in MITFhigh melanomas, inhibition of MITF increases the efficacy of targeted therapies and delays the acquisition of drug resistance. Contrarily, MITF is downregulated in melanomas with acquired drug resistance. According to the phenotype switching theory, the gene expression profile of the MITFlow state is predominantly regulated by WNT5A, AXL, and NF-κB signaling. Thus, different combinations of therapies should be effective in treating different phases of melanoma, such as the combination of targeted therapies with inhibitors of MITF expression during the initial treatment phase, but with inhibitors of WNT5A/AXL/NF-κB signaling during relapse.
Protein interactions of the transcription factor Hoxa

Background: Hox proteins are transcription factors involved in crucial processes during animal development. Their mode of action remains scantily documented. While other families of transcription factors, like Smad or Stat, are known cell signaling transducers, such a function has never been squarely addressed for Hox proteins. Results: To investigate the mode of action of mammalian Hoxa1, we characterized its interactome by a systematic yeast two-hybrid screening against ~12,200 ORF-derived polypeptides. Fifty nine interactors were identified of which 45 could be confirmed by affinity co-purification in animal cell lines. Many Hoxa1 interactors are proteins involved in cell-signaling transduction, cell adhesion and vesicular trafficking. Forty-one interactions were detectable in live cells by Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation which revealed distinctive intracellular patterns for these interactions consistent with the selective recruitment of Hoxa1 by subgroups of partner proteins at vesicular, cytoplasmic or nuclear compartments. Conclusions: The characterization of the Hoxa1 interactome presented here suggests unexplored roles for Hox proteins in cell-to-cell communication and cell physiology.
Peroxynitrite formation and apoptosis in transgenic sickle cell mouse kidneys.

BACKGROUND In a previous study, nitric oxide synthases (NOS) were found to be strongly expressed in the tubular epithelium of kidneys of a transgenic mouse model of sickle cell disease (alphaHbetaS[betaMDD]). Because NOS activity is often associated with peroxynitrite formation when superoxide radical (.O-2) is present in abundance, we examined the kidneys of sickle cell mice for nitrotyrosine, considered to be a footprint of ONOO-. METHODS Western blot and immunohistochemistry for nitrotyrosine was carried out. Since peroxynitrite and other reactive oxygen radicals are capable of causing apoptosis, we also performed agarose gel electrophoresis of kidney DNA and TUNEL staining of nuclei, indicators of apoptosis. RESULTS Nitration of tyrosine residues of three proteins (kD 66, 57 and 22) was found on Western blot of kidney protein extracts of the sickle cell mice. The degree of tyrosine nitration of the 66 kD protein was not significantly different in the control versus transgenic mice, whereas tyrosine nitration of the 57 and 22 kD proteins was clearly increased in transgenic mice. Strong immunostaining for nitrotyrosine was seen in tubular epithelial cells of the sickle cell mice, in close proximity to positive immunostaining of iNOS. Neither iNOS nor nitrotyrosine was expressed in the control mice. DNA "laddering" was found localized to the same zones of the kidney as nitrotyrosine and iNOS immunostaining. TUNEL assay on mouse kidney tissue sections showed minimal tubular cell apoptosis in normal mouse with hypoxia, mild tubular cell apoptosis in sickle cell mouse in room air, and moderate tubular cell apoptosis in sickle cell mouse with hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS The observations suggest that ONOO- and perhaps other reactive oxygen species are being produced in the sickle cell kidney. The mechanism may be ischemia/reperfusion due to intermittent vascular occlusion by sickle cells. The resulting hypoxia could result in iNOS activation, superoxide radical and peroxynitrite formation. Two consequences of these reactions appear to be nitration of tyrosine residues of some renal proteins and enhanced apoptosis.
Graffiti, Speech, and Crime

Graffiti resides at the uncomfortable intersection of criminal law and free speech rhetoric. It is not the shout of revolution to the gathered, protesting masses, or the political pamphlet flung from a 1920s window. Graffiti is not the obscene-rendered-political-jacketed protest of war, or a flag set aflame in the name of reclaiming patriotism. It is an illicit scrawl. It is damage and defiance rolled into one from the moment of its creation. Graffiti is a crime. Unlike more celebrated examples of free speech, graffiti earns no safe harbor from the First Amendment. When asked to choose between the tag that appears in the middle of the night on someone else’s property and the possibility that the tag might enjoy an embedded meaning, First Amendment jurisprudence does not wax philosophical about the values of equality or democracy or the utility of a free marketplace of ideas. Under criminal law, graffiti is regulated as a property offense or nuisance offense based on the damage it causes, with no consideration of the message it contains. This Article argues that this rote calculation is wrong. While graffiti undoubtedly damages the property to which it is attached, to ignore the communicative component of graffiti is to ignore its role as a medium for the most marginalized of voices. From #MeToo to Black Lives Matter to youth in occupied territories to those that resist occupation, graffiti lays claim to a power and purpose that cannot be realized in other, more bounded speech forums. Accordingly, this Article proposes a speech-based affirmative defense to graffiti crimes. This defense would not be an automatic get-out-of-jail-free card. Rather, it would permit jurors to consider the expressive value of graffiti in their deliberations. It would allow the men and women who bear witness to the graffiti and the damage it may cause in their own communities to make the ultimate decision whether a criminal sanction is appropriate or whether it is speech worth saving.
I. The Bakerian Lecture. - Experimental researches in electricity. - Twenty-second series

§ 28. On the crystalline polarity of bismuth and other bodies, and on its relation to the magnetic form of force. ¶ i. Crystalline polarity of bismuth. ¶ ii. Crystalline polarity of antimony. ¶ iii. Crystalline polarity of arsenic. 2454. Many results obtained by subjecting bismuth to the action of the magnet have at various times embarrassed me, and I have either been contented with an imperfect explanation, or have left them for a future examination: that examination I have now taken up, and it has led to the discovery of the following results. I cannot, however, better enter upon the subject than by a brief description of the anomalies which occurred, and which may be obtained at pleasure. 2455. If a small open glass tube have a bulb formed in its middle part and some clean good bismuth be placed in the bulb and melted by a spirit-lamp, it is easy afterward, by turning the metal into the tubular part of the arrangement, to cast it into long cylinders: these are very clean, and when broken are seen to be crystallized, usually giving cleavage planes, which run across the metal. I prepare them from 0.05 to 0.1 of an inch in diameter, and, if the glass be thin, usually break both it and the bismuth together, and then keep the little cylinders in their vitreous cases.
THE PREDICTIVE VALUE OF HEPATIC ELASTOGRAPHY IN DIAGNOSIS OF HEPATIC FIBROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION.

Ahmed Hamouda Arnaout 1 , Hussein Mohammed Hussein 1 , Ahmed Abdel Aziz Elsammak 2 and Ahmad Mohammad Ghandour 43 . 1. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt. 2. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt. 3. Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Handbook of Sensor Networks: Algorithms and Architectures

Preface. Contributors. 1. Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networking (Fernando Martincic and Loren Schwiebert). 2. Distributed Signal Processing Algorithms for the Physical Layer of Large-Scale Sensor Networks (An-swol Hu and Sergio D. Servetto). 3. Energy Scavenging and Non-traditional Power Sources for Wireless Sensor Networks (Shad Roundy and Luc Frechette). 4. A virtual infrastructure for wireless sensor networks (Stephan Olariu, Ashraf Wadaa, Qingwen Xu, and Ivan Stojmenovic). 5. Broadcast authentication and key management for secure sensor networks (Peng Ning and Donggang Liu). 6. Embedded operating systems for wireless micro sensor nodes (Brian Shucker, Jeff Rose, Anmol Sheth, James Carlson, Shah Bhatti, Hui Dai, Jing Deng and Richard Han). 7. Time Synchronization and Calibration in Wireless Sensor Networks (Kay Roemer, Philipp Blum and Lennart Meier). 8. The Wireless Sensor Network MAC (Edgar H. Callaway). 9. Localization in sensor networks (Jonathan Bachrach, and Christopher Taylor). 10. Topology construction and maintenance in wireless sensor networks (Jennifer Hou, Ning Li, and Ivan Stojmenovic). 11. Energy efficient broadcasting, activity scheduling and area coverage in sensor networks (David Simplot-Ryl, Ivan Stojmenovic, and Jie Wu). 12. Geographic and energy aware routing in sensor networks (Hannes Frey and Ivan Stojmenovic). 13. Data-centric protocols for wireless sensor networks (Ivan Stojmenovic and Stephan Olariu). 14. Path exposure, target location, classification and tracking in sensor networks (Kousha Moaveni-Nejad, and XiangYang Li). 15. Data gathering and fusion in sensor networks (Wei-Peng Chen and Jennifer Hou). Index.