Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solution concepts in coevolutionary algorithms

Inspired by the principle of natural selection, coevolutionary algorithms are search methods in which processes of mutual adaptation occur amongst agents that interact strategically. The outcomes of interaction reveal a reward structure that guides evolution towards the discovery of increasingly adaptive behaviors. Thus, coevolutionary algorithms are often used to search for optimal agent behaviors in domains of strategic interaction. Coevolutionary algorithms require little a priori knowledge about the domain. We assume the learning task necessitates the algorithm to (1) discover agent behaviors, (2) learn the domain's reward structure, and (3) approximate an optimal solution. Despite the many successes of coevolutionary optimization, the practitioner frequently observes a gap between the properties that actually confer agent adaptivity and those expected (or desired) to yield adaptivity, or optimality. This gap is manifested by a variety of well-known pathologies, such as cyclic dynamics, loss of fitness gradient, and evolutionary forgetting. This dissertation examines the divergence between expectation and actuality in co-evolutionary algorithms—why selection pressures fail to conform to our beliefs about adaptiveness, or why our beliefs are evidently erroneous. When we confront the pathologies of coevolutionary algorithms as a collection, we find that they are essentially epiphenomena of a single fundamental problem, namely a lack of rigor in our solution concepts . A solution concept is a formalism with which to describe and understand the incentive structures of agents that interact strategically. All coevolutionary algorithms implement some solution concept, whether by design or by accident, and optimize according to it. Failures to obtain the desiderata of “complexity” or “optimality” often indicate a dissonance between the implemented solution concept and that required by our envisaged goal. We make the following contributions: (1) We show that solution concepts are the critical link between our expectations of coevolution and the outcomes actually delivered by algorithm operation, and are therefore crucial to explicating the divergence between the two, (2) We provide analytic results that show how solution concepts bring our expectations in line with algorithmic reality, and (3) We show how solution concepts empower us to construct algorithms that operate more in line with our goals.
Bibliometric analysis of research on gene expression in spinal cord injury

Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe disease with motor and sensory function being destroyed, which leads to a poor prognosis and a serious financial burden. It is urgent to figure out the molecular and pathological mechanisms of SCI to develop feasible therapeutic strategies. This article aims to review documents focused on gene expression in SCI and summarize research hotspots and the development process in this field. Methods Publications of SCI-related studies from 2000 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Biblioshiny was used to evaluate the research performance, core authors, journals and contributed countries, together with trend topics, hotspots in the field, and keyword co-occurrence analysis. Visualized images were obtained to help comprehension. Results Among 351 documents, it was found that the number of annual publications increased in general. The most productive country was China, followed by the United States with the highest influence and the most international cooperation. Plos One was the journal of the maximum publications, while Journal of Neuroscience was the most influential one. According to keyword co-occurrence and trend topics analysis, these articles mainly focused on molecular and pathological mechanisms as well as novel therapies for SCI. Neuropathic pain, axonal regeneration and messenger RNA are significant and promising research areas. Conclusion As the first bibliometric study focused on gene expression in SCI, we demonstrated the evolution of the field and provided future research directions like mechanisms and treatments of SCI with great innovativeness and clinical value. Further studies are recommended to develop more viable therapeutic methods for SCI.
MKI67 as a potential diagnostic biomarker in pulmonary hypertension

Background Right heart failure results from advanced pulmonary hypertension (PH) and has a poor prognosis. There are few available treatments for right heart failure. Pulmonary artery remodeling, including changes in pulmonary artery endothelial cells to endothelial-mesenchymal cells, and aberrant fibroblast and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation, are characteristics of the pathophysiological process of PH. As a result, the clinical situation requires novel PH diagnostic and treatment targets. Methods Monocrotaline was used to create an animal model of PH, and lung tissue was removed for transcriptome sequencing. The targets with the highest differences were chosen for transfection after possible targets were identified using bioinformatic techniques and confirmed by qPCR to examine their function in hypoxic PASMCs. Results After sequencing 781 differentially expressed mRNAs, we compared them with the GEO dataset and found 43 differentially expressed genes. We chose the top three scores for further study and verification and discovered that MKI67, a crucial element of the cell cycle that regulates PASMC proliferation, had the greatest effect. After suppressing MKI67 in PASMCs, both cell proliferation and migration decreased. Conclusion Several potential targets were chosen for this study, and MKI67 was found to play a regulatory role in cell migration and proliferation. This implies that PH can be diagnosed and treated using MKI67.
Power laws of the in-degree and out-degree distributions of complex networks

A model for directed networks is proposed and power laws for their in-degree and/or out-degree distributions are derived from the model. It is based on the Barabasi-Albert model and contains two parameters. The parameters serve as regulatory factors for the contributions of new nodes through in- and out-degrees. The model allows a newly added link to connect directly two nodes already present in the network. Such a link is called an inner link, while a link attached to a new node is called an outer link. Using relationships between inner and outer links, we investigate power laws for in- and out-degree distributions of directed networks. This model enables us to predict some interesting features of directed networks; in particular, the World Wide Web and the networks of citation and phone-call.
Cooperation between myofibril growth and costamere maturation in human cardiomyocytes

Costameres, as striated muscle-specific cell adhesions, anchor both M-lines and Z-lines of the sarcomeres to the extracellular matrix. Previous studies have demonstrated that costameres intimately participate in the initial assembly of myofibrils. However, how costamere maturation cooperates with myofibril growth is still underexplored. In this work, we analyzed zyxin (costameres), α-actinin (Z-lines) and myomesin (M-lines) to track the behaviors of costameres and myofibrils within the cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs). We quantified the assembly and maturation of costameres associated with the process of myofibril growth within the hiPSC-CMs in a time-dependent manner. We found that asynchrony existed not only between the maturation of myofibrils and costameres, but also between the formation of Z-costameres and M-costameres that associated with different structural components of the sarcomeres. This study helps us gain more understanding of how costameres assemble and incorporate into the cardiomyocyte sarcomeres, which sheds a light on cardiomyocyte mechanobiology.
Case Report: Surgical thrombectomy in a patient with isolated cortical vein thrombosis previously misdiagnosed as brain tumor

Introduction As a rare type of cerebral venous thrombosis, isolated cortical vein thrombosis (ICVT) is easily misdiagnosed as brain tumor, especially in the cases with prominent signs of parenchymal brain lesions. Despite controversy concerning the efficacy and safety, anticoagulant treatment dominates in current therapeutic strategies for ICVT. As yet, surgical thrombectomy in the treatment of ICVT has not been reported. We present hereafter a female with ICVT previously misdiagnosed as brain tumor who had successful surgical thrombectomy. Case description A 54-year-old female with progressive left-sided limb weakness suddenly developed focal tonic-clonic epileptic seizure. Physical examination indicated strength of 0/5 in the left limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an irregular juxtacortical lesion surrounded with massive edema in the frontoparietal cortex, which was initially diagnosed as glioma. However, it turned out to be ICVT of the central sulcus vein during craniotomy. Then, venotomy and thrombectomy were performed, with instant recanalization of the vein noticed during surgery. In retrospect, we identified the suspected ICVT of the central sulcus vein in preoperative magnetic resonance venotography (MRV) and contrast MRI images. Laboratory tests also revealed homocysteinemia and hypercoagulable states in the patient. Follow-up MRV obtained 3 months after discharge showed cortical vein recanalization. At the one-year follow-up, she exhibited subtle sequelae of weakness in the left lower limb with a modified Rankin scale score of 1. Discussion Physicians should be aware of ICVT in the differential diagnoses in patients with risk factors, classical symptoms, and parenchymal brain lesions in or near cortex. Surgical thrombectomy excels at realizing definite recanalization and avoiding systematic complications of anticoagulation. It might be a therapeutic alternative for ICVT, especially when craniotomy is performed for treating intracranial hypertension or a definite diagnosis is made during craniotomy.
New methods of celestial mechanics

Edited by Daniel Goroff, Harvard University This English-language edition of Poincare's landmark work is of interest not only to historians of science, but also to mathematicians. Beginning from an investigation of the three-body problem of Newtonian mechanics, Poincare lays the foundations of the qualitative solutions of differential equations. To investigate the long-unsolved problem of the stability of the Solar System, Poincare invented a number of new techniques including canonical transformations, asymptotic series expansions, and integral invariants. These "new methods" are even now finding applications in chaos and other contemporary disciplines. Contents: Volume I: Periodic and asymptotic solutions: Introduction by Daniel Goroff. Generalities and the Jacobi method. Series integration. Periodic solutions. Characteristic exponents. Nonexistence of uniform integrals. Approximate development of the perturbative function. Asymptotic solutions. Volume II: Approximations by series: Formal calculus. Methods of Newcomb and Lindstedt. Application to the study of secular variations. Application to the three-body problem. Application to orbits. Divergence of the Lindstedt series. Direct calculation of the series. Other methods of direct calculation. Gylden methods. Case of linear equations. Bohlin methods. Bohlin series. Extension of the Bohlin method. Volume III: Integral invariants and asymptotic properties of certain solutions: Integral invariants. Formation of invariants. Use of integral invariants. Integral invariants and asymptotic solutions. Poisson stability. Theory of consequents. Periodic solutions of the second kind. Different forms of the principle of least action.
Numerical modeling of reinforced concrete beam using the finite element method

With the technological advancement of computers and the development of the Finite Element Method, numerous studies have been developed to understand the behavior of structural elements made with concrete. In general, these studies are carried out based on experimental tests. However, numerical modeling has established itself as an efficient tool in the analysis of the behavior of structural elements of reinforced concrete, as it does not demand much time or costs, as it happens in experimental tests, in addition to offering a detailed and punctual investigation of the models analyzed. Therefore, this work aims to develop a non-linear three-dimensional numerical model, using the ABAQUS ® software, capable of simulating the behavior of a reinforced concrete beam using the Finite Element Method. The constitutive models Concrete Damaged Plasticity and Von Mises were used to model concrete and steel, respectively. For model calibration and validation, Gomes [8] experimental work was used. The developed numerical model proved to be suitable for simulating the behavior of reinforced concrete beams.
ON THE SURVIVAL OF HIGH-ALTITUDE OPEN CLUSTERS WITHIN THE MILKY WAY GALAXY TIDES

It is a common assumption that high-altitude open clusters live longer compared to clusters moving close to the Galactic plane. This is because, at high altitudes, open clusters are far from the disruptive effects of in-plane substructures, such as spiral arms, molecular clouds, and the bar. However, an important aspect to consider in this scenario is that orbits of high-altitude open clusters will eventually cross the Galactic plane, where the vertical tidal field of the disk is strong. In this work, we simulate the interaction of open clusters with the tidal field of a detailed Milky Way Galactic model at different average altitudes and galactocentric radii. We find that the life expectancy of clusters decreases as the maximum orbital altitude increases and reaches a minimum at altitudes of approximately 600 pc. Clusters near the Galactic plane live longer because they do not experience strong vertical tidal shocks from the Galactic disk; then, for orbital altitudes higher than 600 pc, clusters again start to live longer due to the decrease in the number of encounters with the disk. With our study, we find that the compressive nature of the tides in the arms region and the bar play an important role in the survival of small clusters by protecting them from disruption: clusters inside the arms can live up to twice as long as those outside the arms at similar galactocentric distances.
Shape Control of Elastoplastic Deformable Linear Objects through Reinforcement Learning

—Deformable object manipulation tasks have long been regarded as challenging robotic problems. However, until recently, very little work had been done on the subject, with most robotic manipulation methods being developed for rigid objects. As machine learning methods are becoming more powerful, there are new model-free strategies to explore for these objects, which are notoriously hard to model. This paper focuses on shape control problems for Deformable Linear Objects (DLOs). Despite being one of the most researched classes of DLOs in terms of geometry, no other paper has focused on materials with elastoplastic properties. Therefore, a novel shape control task, requiring permanent plastic deformation is implemented in a simulation environment. Reinforcement Learning methods are used to learn a continuous control policy. To that end, a discrete curvature measure is used as a low-dimensional state representation and as part of an intuitive reward function. Finally, three state-of-the-art actor-critic algorithms are compared on the proposed environment and successfully achieve the goal shape.
Non-diffracting states in one-dimensional Floquet photonic topological insulators

One-dimensional laser-written modulated photonic lattices are known to be particularly suitable for diffraction management purposes. Here, we address the connection between discrete non-diffracting states and topological properties in such devices through the experimental observation and identification of three classes of non-diffracting states. The first one corresponds to topologically protected edge states, recently predicted in Floquet topological insulators, while the second and the third are both bulk modes. One of them testifies a topological transition, although presenting topological features different from those of the edge states, while the other one results from specific band structure engineering.
Unexpected pattern of transitions to radial excitations by heavy quark current

Motivated by the claimed possibility of a large contribution of the first radial excitation of the $D^{(\ast )}$ to the $B$ semileptonic decay into charmed mesons, also invoked to solve the "$1/2$ vs. $3/2$ semileptonic puzzle", we discuss the transitions to heavy-light radial excitations by a heavy $b \to c$ quark current. We first consider a HQET sum rule, which provides a bound on the slopes of Isgur-Wise functions which we then calculate in the Bakamjian-Thomas framework which both guaranties covariance in the heavy quark limit and satisfies a set of HQET sum rules. We observe a remarkable property that for a large variety of wave functions the transition to the first radial excitation is very small while the transition matrix element to the second radial excitation is large and dominant in saturating the HQET sum rule. This is opposite to what is found in non-relativistic models, where the transition to the first radial excitation dominates the sum rule. The relative magnitude of the transition to the second excitation appears to be weakly dependent on the dynamical scale (radius of the bound states), and the same holds true for the slope of the elastic transition. These features could be tested in the heavy mass limit of lattice QCD. This pattern is shown to be related to the general structure of the Bakamjian-Thomas model, it is independent of the spin structure of the approach and derives mainly from the Lorentz transformation of the spatial wave function, a feature often disregarded in quark models.
An Introduction to Homological Mirror Symmetry Through the Case of Elliptic Curves

Here we carefully construct an equivalence between the derived category of coherent sheaves on an elliptic curve and a version of the Fukaya category on its mirror. This is the most accessible case of homological mirror symmetry. We also provide introductory background on the general Calabi-Yau case of The Homological Mirror Symmetry Conjecture.
Pseudo- C ℓ estimators which do not mix E and B modes

Pseudo-C{sub l} quadratic estimators for CMB temperature and polarization power spectra have been used in the analysis pipelines of many CMB experiments, such as WMAP and Boomerang. In the polarization case, these estimators mix E and B modes, in the sense that the estimated B-mode power is nonzero for a noiseless CMB realization which contains only E modes. Recently, Challinor, and Chon showed that for moderately sized surveys (f{sub sky}{approx}0.01), this mixing limits the gravity wave B-mode signal which can be detected using pseudo-C{sub l} estimators to T/S{approx}0.05. We modify the pseudo-C{sub l} construction, defining pure pseudo-C{sub l} estimators, which do not mix E and B modes in this sense. We study these estimators in detail for a survey geometry similar to that which has been proposed for the QUIET experiment, for a variety of noise levels, and both homogeneous and inhomogeneous noise. For noise levels < or approx. 20 {mu}K-arc min, our modification significantly improves the B-mode power spectrum errors obtained using pseudo-C{sub l} estimators. In the homogeneous case, we compute optimal power spectrum errors using a Fisher matrix approach, and show that our pure pseudo-C{sub l} estimators are roughly 80% of optimal, across a wide range of noisemore » levels. There is no limit, imposed by the estimators alone, to the value of T/S which can be detected. « less
Bibliometric Analysis of Research on the Main Genes Involved in Meat Tenderness

Simple Summary A bibliometric analysis was carried out to know the evolution of research on genes associated with meat tenderness, of interest for the development of selection programs. Since 1993, studies have been limited to a few researchers in high-income countries due to the costs associated with the techniques. The main findings showed that the scientific production had a discontinuous growth because science experienced a significant change since approximately 2010. Marker-assisted selection was widely used, evaluating mainly CAPN (calpain) and CAST (calpastatin) genes for their contribution to meat tenderness, especially in cattle. However, the effects are small; therefore, genomic selection was implemented by genotyping thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for further explanation of genetic variation. The results shown are important for scholars to identify emerging methodologies and gaps in the literature and to know who the prolific authors and institutions in the field for possible collaborations, etc., are. Abstract Tenderness is one of the main characteristics of meat because it determines its price and acceptability. This is the first bibliometric study on the trend of research on the role of genes in meat tenderness. A total of 175 original and English-language articles published up to 2021 were retrieved from Scopus. The bibliometric analysis was carried out with VOSviewer (version 1.6.18, Eck and Waltman, Leiden, Netherlands) and complemented with the Analyze search results service from Scopus. Erroneous and duplicate data were eliminated, and incomplete information was added to standardize the results. Scientific production was evaluated by means of quantity, quality and structure indicators. As a first glance, 8.816% of authors have published more than 50% of papers mainly related to genes encoding the calpain (CAPN)-calpastatin (CAST) system and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Among other findings, a strong link was found between the contribution of the main countries (led by the United States with) and their institutions (led by the USDA Agricultural Research Service with) to their gross domestic product. Most studies on the topic are published in the Journal of Animal Science, and other journals with high impact according to the number of citations and different metrics. Finally, when evaluating the most cited articles, the occurrence and association of the main keywords, it was confirmed that research is focused on the role of CAPN and CAST genes and of SNPs in beef tenderness. The change in science was emphasized; although marker-assisted selection is still used, genes have an infinitesimal effect on complex traits. Therefore, since about 2010, new research groups adopted genomic selection to evaluate dense panels of SNPs and better explain genetic variation in meat tenderness.