Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LEARNERS’ PROBLEMS IN TRANSCRIBING WORDS IN CONNECTED SPEECH

This study is intended to investigate the difficulties encountered by the students of English department in transcribing words in connected speech where assimilation occurs. The assimilation investigated is limited to alveolars /t, d, n) to the neighbouring sound palatal /j, k,g/. Pronouncing words in connected speech is one of the problems that show up in learning EFL. The way words are spoken in isolation and in connected speech may differ significantly. Dealt with the difference, there are two questions to answer in this study. Question one is how students transcribe words in connected speech where assimilation occurs; question two is to describe what sound is assimilated to what sound. To answer the question of the study, descriptive qualitative design is applied. Data were collected from 50 students by giving 7 sentences to transcribe where assimilation occurs in a part of the sentences. Students were asked to transcribe the whole sentences and describe what sound has been assimilated to what sound. The result shows that 18 students can transcribe correctly the phonetic transcription of the assimilated sounds and describe what sound is assimilated to what sound. There are 32 students who transcribe the sentences as isolated words and cannot show where assimilation occurs. Thus, there is no description of the assimilation by these students. It leads to say that knowledge of pronouncing words in connected speech is poor. This suggests improvement by giving more practices in pronouncing not only individual words but words in connected speech. Students also need listening exercises to crosscheck the transcription they make while listening.
Towards Secure Construction Networks: A Data-Sharing Architecture Utilizing Blockchain Technology and Decentralized Storage

Collaboration in construction projects is reinforced with building information modelling (BIM) technologies and the use of common data environments (CDEs). However, utilizing centralized data-sharing platforms in projects involving many stakeholders from different disciplines/organizations raises cybersecurity concerns. This article proposes a data-sharing architecture that utilizes blockchain technology and decentralized storage for enhanced cybersecurity. The proposed schema suggests not storing the project files in the blockchain blocks but instead storing their fingerprints. Decentralized storage is proposed for storing and exchanging the actual files in the construction network. While blockchain provides immutability and enables enhanced change tracking, utilizing a peer-to-peer (P2P) decentralized storage mechanism improves the transaction speed and reduces the total size of the blockchain (copy) that every stakeholder holds in the network. The article presents the proposed idea on a conceptual level. The authors are working on a prototype of the proposed data-sharing architecture to better understand the possible limitations for further improvement and actual implementation.
Magnesium Isotopes

Magnesium is a major constituent in silicate and carbonate minerals, the hydrosphere and the biosphere. Magnesium is constantly cycled between these reservoirs. Since each of the major planetary reservoirs of magnesium have different magnesium isotope ratios, there is scope to use magnesium isotope ratios to trace 1) the processes that cycle Magnesium at a spatial scales from the entire planet to microscopic and 2) the relative fluxes between these reservoirs. This review summarises some of the key motivations, successes and challenges facing the use of magnesium isotopes to construct a budget of seawater magnesium, present and past.
The analysis of underwater transient signal and their detection by spectral correlation

The features of the transient signals produced by vessel are investigated using normalized short time spectrum. The survey covers 4 hour data recorded on the sea including 43-vessel noise. Some typical kinds of time-frequency distribution of passive transient signals are categorized. The spectral correlation (second order cumulant spectrum) is adopted to detect passive underwater transient signals. The analysis of 18 underwater transient signals demonstrates the significant processing gains. The last section of the paper analyzes the modes of these passive transient signals using spectral correlation. The modes──one mono, another triple.and third penta ── are distinctively identifiable,presenting themselves as useful features in classification of transient signals.
Over-the-Air Testing of a Massive MIMO Antenna with a Full-Rank Channel Matrix

This paper presents an over-the-air testing method in which a full-rank channel matrix is created for a massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system utilizing a fading emulator with a small number of scatterers. In the proposed method, in order to mimic a fading emulator with a large number of scatterers, the scatterers are virtually positioned by rotating the massive MIMO antenna. The performance of a 64-element quasi-half-wavelength dipole circular array antenna was evaluated using a two-dimensional fading emulator. The experimental results reveal that a large number of available eigenvalues are obtained from the channel response matrix, confirming that the proposed method, which utilizes a full-rank channel matrix, can be used to assess a massive MIMO antenna system.
Meta-Analysis of Tai Chi Chuan in Treating Lumbar Spondylosis and Back Pain

Background The effectiveness of Tai Chi Chuan in treating various ailments has been well reported; however, its effect on back pain and lumbar spondylosis remains unclear. Methods We performed this meta-analysis under the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), and the research-associated search was performed over the provided databases: Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL in the period of 2008 to 2016, to recognize the related studies. We used the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale to measure the standard of the involved randomized control trials (RCTs). The accumulated outcomes with parameters of weighted mean difference (WMD) and confidence level (CI) of 95% were evaluated to discover the influence of Tai Chi over pain as well as dysfunction among the patients suffering from pain depending on the outcome model. Results Seven eligible studies with a total of 296 participants were identified that met inclusion criteria for the systematic review; in the forest plot analysis, it was noted that for 95% CI, the standardized mean difference found to be -1.58 (-1.79, -1.38) with the heterogeneity of 87%, thereby favoring Tai Chi over the control group; a comparison was drawn for Tai Chi with routine therapy against the routine therapy alone, where 95% CI for -1.22 [-1.47, -0.97] is observed for I2 = 0% for the overall effect Z = 9.42 (P < 0.00001); pain intensity of Tai Chi was compared with the control group, where 95% CI for -1.62 [-2.09, -1.14] was observed for Z = 6.69 (P < 0.00001). The forest plot subgroup analysis of Tai Chi was compared with the control group for an unchanged lifestyle, where 95% CI for -2.26 [-2.61, -1.91] was observed for Z = 12.76 (P < 0.00001). Conclusion Our results indicate that Tai Chi individually or with additional treatment along with routine physical exercises might reduce the pain and functional disorders for the patients suffering from back pain.
Cumulative Lactation and Clinical Metabolic Outcomes at Mid-Life among Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes

Lactation is associated with a lower risk of subsequent cardiometabolic disease among parous women; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Further, the potential protective effects of lactation on cardiometabolic risk markers at mid-life among high-risk women with past gestational diabetes (GDM) are not established. Using data from the Diabetes & Women’s Health Study (2012–2014; n = 577), a longitudinal cohort of women with past GDM from the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996–2002), we assessed associations of cumulative lactation duration (none, <6 months, 6–12 months, ≥12–24 months, and ≥24 months) with clinical metabolic outcomes (including type 2 diabetes [T2D], prediabetes, and obesity) and cardiometabolic biomarkers (including biomarkers of glucose/insulin metabolism, fasting lipids, inflammation, and anthropometrics) 9–16 years after enrollment when women were at mid-life. At follow-up, women were 43.9 years old (SD 4.6) with a BMI of 28.7 kg/m2 (IQR 24.6, 33.0); 28.6% of participants had T2D, 39.7% had prediabetes, and 41.2% had obesity. Relative risks (95% CI) of T2D for 0–6, 6–12, 12–24, and ≥24 months of cumulative lactation duration compared to none were 0.94 (0.62,1.44), 0.88 (0.59,1.32), 0.73 (0.46,1.17), and 0.71 (0.40,1.27), respectively. Cumulative lactation duration was not significantly associated with any other clinical outcome or continuous biomarker. In this high-risk cohort of middle-aged women with past GDM, T2D, prediabetes, and obesity were common at follow-up, but not associated with history of cumulative lactation duration 9–16 years after the index pregnancy. Further studies in diverse populations among women at mid-age are needed to understand associations of breastfeeding with T2D.
The Effect of Basic Life Support Training on the Knowledge and Skills of Adolescents

Basic life support (LBS) is a set of interventions aimed at restoring and maintaining vital organ functions in victims of cardiac and respiratory arrest. Knowledge and skills in doing LBS can be improved by training. This literature review was carried out to determine the effect of LBS training on increasing the knowledge and skills of adolescents in performing first aid in cases of cardiac or respiratory arrest. Articles published in 2010-2020 were found through Google Scholar and the Garuda portal. The results of the 5 articles that were reviewed showed significant changes in the knowledge and skills of adolescents before and after being given training. This suggests that LBS training can improve the level of knowledge and skills of adolescents in performing first aid in cases of cardiac or respiratory arrest. Keywords: LBS training, knowledge, skills, cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest
Natural Dyeing of Modified Cotton Fabric with Cochineal Dye

Natural dyes are not harmful to the environment owing to their biodegradability. For dye application to textiles, salts are necessary as mordant or electrolytes and make an environmental impact. In this paper, the influence of cationization during mercerization to the dyeing of cotton fabric with natural dye from Dactylopius coccus was researched. For this purpose, bleached cotton fabric as well as fabric cationized with Rewin OS was pre-mordanted using iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4·7H2O) and dyed with natural cochineal dye with and without electrolyte addition. For the characterization of surface changes after cationization, an electrokinetic analysis on SurPASS was performed and compared to pre-mordanting. For determination of dye exhaustion, the analysis of dye solution was performed on a UV/VIS spectrophotometer Cary 50 Solascreen. Spectrophotometric analysis was performed using a Datacolor 850 spectrophotometer, measuring remission ”until tolerance” and the whiteness degree, color parameters, color depth (K/S), and colorfastness of dyed fabric were calculated. Levelness was determined by visual assessment. Cationized cotton fabrics showed better absorption and colorfastness. Pre-mordanting and cationization showed synergism. The electrolytes improved the process of dye absorption. However, when natural dyeing was performed on cotton fabric cationized during mercerization, similar chromacity, uniform color, and colorfastness were achieved with and without electrolyte, resulting in pure purple hue of cochineal. For achieving a violet hue, pre-mordanting with Fe-salt was needed. Therefore, salt can be reduced or even unnecessary, which makes this process of natural dyeing more environmentally friendly.
Application and Development of the Inverter in the Photovoltaic System

The photovoltaic(PV) array and battery produce DC current,however the most loads require AC power,so inverters are needed to convert from DC to AC current.With the rapid development of PV generating technology,inverters are more widely used now.Therefore,it gets more important for us to get known about inverters and how to choose appropriate one for PV application.This paper summarizes the inverter characteristics and special status applied in different PV systems.This work will be very helpful for PV system designing.In the future,the inverters in PV system will become high performance and intelligent.
Application and Prospect of Concentrating Solar Energy Power Plant(CSP) Technology

This paper analyzes the three types of concentrating solar power plant (CSP)technology ( namely, linear concentrator,dish/engine system,and power tower system) and thermal storage system. The structures, operation principles and the latest research/development of CSP technology are introduced in detail, and these three types of technologies are compared in terms of economical and technological performances. This paper also presents the application of the dish/engine system in remote areas with large amount of solar radiation. At the end, the application prospect of the solar energy power generation technology, and its contribution to energysaving and emssioncutting are brought forth.
The Impact of Online Learning System on Students Affected with Stroke Disease

Stroke, also known as a cerebrovascular accident, is a medical emergency that causes temporary or permanent behavioral dysfunction in people. Sleep deprivation affects our brains in a variety of ways. The advantages of sleep much justify the risks of not having enough sleep. Sleep deprivation (SD) includes a variety of factors, including prolonged awake. Neuroimaging investigates SD's impact on attention, working memory, mood, and hippocampal learning. We analyzed how this data enriches our mechanistic understanding of these alterations and the clinical illnesses linked with sleep disruption. We have used Cronbach's alpha to test the reliability of a scale, so we then have 19 individual attributes responding to 174 participants via survey. The evaluated result shows the reliability statistics; the value for Cronbach's alpha is . 962, which is very excellent as it reaches 1. So, there is very strong reliability. If the value falls under . 6, we look back to the mean and standard deviation table and remove the attribute with low values for mean or standard deviation and try the remaining attributes. Cronbach's alpha tells us which attribute or item to delete to increase the reliability, and we also have analyzed the correlation among the class students while watching the same video lecture. We have collected data for at least ten students watching the same video using a webcam. Once the data is collected, we then have applied some correlation techniques to determine the class students' behavior towards the same video lecture. This way, we can see the overall behavior of the class upon a specific video lecture. The study further reveals that subjective happiness is influenced by its efficiency, entertainment value, and effectiveness. Does the research offer an original emphasis on analyzing how does lack of sleep affect our brains? Sleep loss frameworks are minimal compared to the benefits of sleep.
Observation system simulation experiments (OSSEs) for assimilation of the planetary boundary‐layer height (PBLH) using the EnSRF technique

The planetary boundary‐layer height (PBLH) is a key parameter that is very important in numerical weather and air quality predictions. The current LiDAR networks make it possible to provide potential PBLH observations, and assimilating the parameter will be helpful to improve the forecast of variables within the planetary boundary layer (PBL). This study first carried out idealized experiments on PBLH assimilation through observation system simulation experiments (OSSEs). The ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) is applied to assimilate the simulated PBLH based on the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. This study mainly focused on two issues: which variables can be effectively improved by assimilating the PBLH, and whether there are differences in the assimilation effects above and within the PBL in the vertical direction. The results show that during the daytime within the PBL, PBLH assimilation could effectively improve the simulation and forecasting of model variables, including perturbation potential temperature (pt), water vapour mixing ratio (qv) and perturbation geopotential (ph); meanwhile, PBLH assimilation could strengthen turbulence mixing and result in a warmer and drier PBL. While the vertical and horizontal wind speeds (w, u and v) cannot be effectively updated by assimilating the PBLH, they could be indirectly improved by model dynamical adjustment when pt, qv and ph are improved. Above the PBL top, most of the above six variables cannot be effectively improved by assimilating the daytime PBLH. In contrast, at night, only u and v within the PBL could be directly updated by the low nocturnal PBLH. In this study, the simplest and most idealized schemes are selected based on idealized experiments; nevertheless, the results lay a foundation for later vertical and horizontal localization research and for the study of LiDAR‐retrieved PBLH assimilation in the future, which is the ultimate goal of this series of works.
Voacanga globosa Spirobisindole Alkaloids Exert Antiviral Activity in HIV Latently Infected Cell Lines by Targeting the NF-kB Cascade: In Vitro and In Silico Investigations

Since the efficiency in the transcription of the HIV genome contributes to the success of viral replication and infectivity, we investigated the downregulating effects of the spirobisindole alkaloids globospiramine (1), deoxyvobtusine (2), and vobtusine lactone (3) from the endemic Philippine medicinal plant, Voacanga globosa, during HIV gene transcription. Alkaloids 1–3 were explored for their inhibitory activity on TNF-α-induced viral replication in two latently HIV-infected cell lines, OM10.1 and J-Lat. The induction of HIV replication from OM10.1 and J-Lat cells elicited by TNF-α was blocked by globospiramine (1) within noncytotoxic concentrations. Furthermore, globospiramine (1) was found to target the NF-ĸB activation cascade in a dose-dependent manner when the transcriptional step at which inhibitory activity is exerted was examined in TNF-α-induced 293 human cells using transient reporter (luciferase) gene expression systems (HIV LTR-luc, ĸB-luc, and mutant ĸB-luc). Interrogation through molecular docking against the NF-ĸB p50/p65 heterodimer and target sites of the subunits comprising the IKK complex revealed high binding affinities of globospiramine (1) against the S281 pocket of the p65 subunit (BE = −9.2 kcal/mol) and the IKKα activation loop (BE = −9.1 kcal/mol). These findings suggest globospiramine (1) as a molecular inspiration to discover new alkaloid-based anti-HIV derivatives.
Human Subject Identification via Passive Spectrum Monitoring

Human subjects' identification including face recognition, fingerprint recognition, and gait recognition enhances biometric health and safety. However, existing methods have their limitations as it is difficult to identify humans when humans cannot touch devices or there is a dim environment. This paper proposes a novel human identification approach, which utilizes passive radio frequency (RF) signal as a biometrics modality to achieve human identification. The passive human subject identification with radio-frequency (PHSIR) approach is verifies that different human subjects could generate different spectrum signatures, and these spectrum characteristics can be distinguished by machine learning (ML) algorithms to achieve human subjects' classification. Software-defined radio (SDR) technology acquires passive RF in the frequency bands that are sensitive to human occupancy. The passive spectrums were collected in two environments. Four ML algorithms were used to classify the sample spectrums associated with different human subjects, including decision tree, support vector machines (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and random forest. Experimental results from seven volunteers indicate the classification accuracy is higher than 94% for seven volunteers using KNN algorithms.
Beer, wine, and spirits differentially influence body composition in older white adults–a United Kingdom Biobank study

Aging is characterized by body composition alterations, including increased visceral adiposity accumulation and bone loss. Alcohol consumption may partially drive these alterations, but findings are mixed. This study primarily aimed to investigate whether different alcohol types (beer/cider, red wine, white wine/Champagne, spirits) differentially associated with body composition.
The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Diagnosis to Treatment

Gut microbiota is emerging as a key regulator of many disease conditions and its dysregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal and extraintestinal disorders. More recently, gut microbiome alterations have been linked to neurodegeneration through the increasingly defined gut microbiota brain axis, opening the possibility for new microbiota-based therapeutic options. Although several studies have been conducted to unravel the possible relationship between Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) pathogenesis and progression, the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of approaches aiming at restoring gut microbiota eubiosis remain to be fully addressed. In this narrative review, we briefly summarize the role of gut microbiota homeostasis in brain health and disease, and we present evidence for its dysregulation in AD patients. Based on these observations, we then discuss how dysbiosis might be exploited as a new diagnostic tool in early and advanced disease stages, and we examine the potential of prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and diets as complementary therapeutic interventions on disease pathogenesis and progression, thus offering new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of this devastating and progressive disease.
Development of a Low-speed High-efficiency PMSM and Its Drive System for Electric Windlass and Mooring Winch

Permanent magnetization of electric windlass and mooring winch (EWMW) has become a research trend in the development of new generation deck machinery. The paper investigates the development of a low-speed and high-efficiency permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and its drive system based on the load characteristics and special requirements of an EWMW. Firstly, the design specifications and key points of the motor drive system are analyzed. Secondly, a design method of parameter matching is proposed to design a 110 kW 75 r/min PMSM based on finite element method, field circuit coupling, and co-simulation. Finally, a prototype is developed and applied to a 45 T EWMW. The test results show that the PMSM can attain an efficiency of 94.3% at the rated operation, good traction characteristics with high torque at low speed, and 3 times wide flux-weakening region at constant power. Therefore, the matching design method is effective in the design of PMSM and drive system for EWMW.