Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Density functional study of ternary topological insulator thin films

Using an ab initio density functional theory based electronic structure method with a semi-local density approximation, we study thin-film electronic properties of two topological insulators based on ternary compounds of Tl (Thallium) and Bi (Bismuth). We consider TlBiX2 (X=Se, Te) and Bi2X2Y (X,Y= Se,Te) compounds which provide better Dirac cones, compared to the model binary compounds Bi2X3 (X=Se, Te). With this property in combination with a structurally perfect bulk crystal, the latter ternary compound has been found to have improved surface electronic transport in recent experiments. In this article, we discuss the nature of surface states, their locations in the Brillouin zone and their interactions within the bulk region. Our calculations suggest a critical thin film thickness to maintain the Dirac cone which is significantly smaller than that in binary Bi-based compounds. Atomic relaxations or rearrangements are found to affect the Dirac cone in some of these compounds. And with the help of layer-projected surface charge densities, we discuss the penetration depth of the surface states into the bulk region. The electronic spectrum of these ternary compounds agrees very well with the available experimental results.
Decay rates of charmonia within a quark-antiquark confining potential

In this work, we investigate the spectroscopy and decay rates of charmonia within the framework of the non-relativistic Schrödinger equation by employing an approximate inter quark-antiquark potential. The spin hyperfine, spin-orbit and tensor components of the one gluon exchange interaction are employed to compute the spectroscopy of the excited S states and a few low-lying P and D waves. The resultant wave functions at zero inter-quark separation as well as some finite separations are employed to predict the di-gamma, di-leptonic and di-gluon decay rates of charmonia states using the conventional Van Royen-Weisskopf formula. The di-gamma and di-leptonic decay widths are also computed by incorporating the relativistic corrections of order v4 within the NRQCD formalism. We have observed that the NRQCD predictions with their matrix elements computed at finite radial separation yield results which are found to be in better agreement with experimental values for both di-gamma and di-leptonic decays. The same scenario is seen in the case when di-gamma and di-leptonic decay widths are computed with the Van Royen-Weisskopf formula. It is also observed that the di-gluon decay width with the inclusion of binding energy effects are in better agreement with the experimental data available for 1S-2S and 1P. The di-gluon decay width of 3S and 2P waves waves are also predicted. Thus, the present study of decay rates clearly indicates the importance of binding energy effects.
Star formation in M 33: the radial and local relations with the gas

Aims. In the Local Group spiral galaxy M 33, we investigate the correlation between the star formation rate (SFR) surface density, ΣSFR, and the gas density Σgas (molecular, atomic, and total). We also explore whether there are other physical quantities, such as the hydrostatic pressure and dust optical depth, which establish a good correlation with ΣSFR. Methods. We use the Hα, far-ultraviolet (FUV), and bolometric emission maps to infer the SFR locally at different spatial scales, and in radial bins using azimuthally averaged values. Most of the local analysis is done using the highest spatial resolution allowed by gas surveys, 180 pc. The Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) law, ΣSFR ∝ Σ n is analyzed by three statistical methods. Results. At all spatial scales, with Hα emission as a SFR tracer, the KS indices n are always steeper than those derived with the FUV and bolometric emissions. We attribute this to the lack of Hα emission in low luminosity regions where most stars form in small clusters with an incomplete initial mass function at their high mass end. For azimuthally averaged values the depletion timescale for the molecular gas is constant, and the KS index is nH2 = 1.1 ± 0.1. Locally, at a spatial resolution of 180 pc, the correlation between ΣSFR and Σgas is generally poor, even though it is tighter with the molecular and total gas than with the atomic gas alone. Considering only positions where the CO J = 1−0 line is above the 2-σ detection threshold and taking into account uncertainties in ΣH2 and ΣSFR, we obtain a steeper KS index than obtained with radial averages: nH2 = 2.22 ± 0.07 (for FUV and bolometric SFR tracers), flatter than that relative to the total gas (nHtot = 2.59 ± 0.05). The gas depletion timescale is therefore larger in regions of lower ΣSFR. Lower KS indices (nH2 = 1.46 ± 0.34 and nH2 = 1.12) are found using different fitting techniques, which do not account for individual position uncertainties. At coarser spatial resolutions these indices get slightly steeper, and the correlation improves. We find an almost linear relation and a better correlation coefficient between the local ΣSFR and the ISM hydrostatic pressure or the gas volume density. This suggests that the stellar disk, gravitationally dominant with respect to the gaseous disk in M 33, has a non-marginal role in driving the SFR. However, the tight local correlation that exists between the dust optical depth and the SFR sheds light on the alternative hypothesis that the dust column density is a good tracer of the gas that is prone to star formation.
Dust Polarization toward Embedded Protostars in Ophiuchus with ALMA. I. VLA 1623

We present high-resolution (∼30 au) ALMA Band 6 dust polarization observations of VLA 1623. The VLA 1623 data resolve compact ∼40 au inner disks around the two protobinary sources, VLA 1623-A and VLA 1623-B, and also an extended ∼180 au ring of dust around VLA 1623-A. This dust ring was previously identified as a large disk in lower-resolution observations. We detect highly structured dust polarization toward the inner disks and the extended ring with typical polarization fractions ≈1.7% and ≈2.4%, respectively. The two components also show distinct polarization morphologies. The inner disks have uniform polarization angles aligned with their minor axes. This morphology is consistent with expectations from dust scattering. By contrast, the extended dust ring has an azimuthal polarization morphology not previously seen in lower-resolution observations. We find that our observations are well-fit by a static, oblate spheroid model with a flux-frozen, poloidal magnetic field. We propose that the polarization traces magnetic grain alignment likely from flux freezing on large scales and magnetic diffusion on small scales. Alternatively, the azimuthal polarization may be attributed to grain alignment by the anisotropic radiation field. If the grains are radiatively aligned, then our observations indicate that large (∼100 μm) dust grains grow quickly at large angular extents. Finally, we identify significant proper motion of VLA 1623 using our observations and those in the literature. This result indicates that the proper motion of nearby systems must be corrected for when combining ALMA data from different epochs.
Blue supergiants as descendants of magnetic main sequence stars

About 10$\%$ of the massive main sequence stars have recently been found to host a strong, large scale magnetic field. Both, the origin and the evolutionary consequences of these fields are largely unknown. We argue that these fields may be sufficiently strong in the deep interior of the stars to suppress convection near the outer edge of their convective core. We performed parametrised stellar evolution calculations and assumed a reduced size of the convective core for stars in the mass range 16 M$_{\odot}$ to 28 M$_{\odot}$ from the zero age main sequence until core carbon depletion. We find that such models avoid the coolest part of the main sequence band, which is usually filled by evolutionary models that include convective core overshooting. Furthermore, our `magnetic' models populate the blue supergiant region during core helium burning, i.e., the post-main sequence gap left by ordinary single star models, and some of them end their life in a position near that of the progenitor of Supernova 1987A in the HR diagram. Further effects include a strongly reduced luminosity during the red supergiant stage, and downward shift of the limiting initial mass for white dwarf and neutron star formation.
NNVub: a Neural Network Approach to $B\to X_u \ell ν$

We use artificial neural networks to parameterize the shape functions in inclusive semileptonic $B$ decays without charm. Our approach avoids the adoption of functional form models and allows for a straightforward implementation of all experimental and theoretical constraints on the shape functions. The results are used to extract $|V_{ub}|$ in the GGOU framework and compared with the original GGOU paper and the latest HFAG results, finding good agreement in both cases. The possible impact of future Belle-II data on the $M_X$ distribution is also discussed.
Graviweak Unification, Invisible Universe and Dark Energy

We consider a Graviweak Unification model with the assumption of the existence of the hidden (invisible) sector of our Universe parallel to the visible world. This Hidden World (HW) is assumed to be a Mirror World (MW) with broken mirror parity. We start with a diffeomorphism invariant theory of a gauge field valued in a Lie algebra g, which is broken spontaneously to the direct sum of the spacetime Lorentz algebra and the Yang-Mills algebra: $\tilde {\mathfrak g} = {\mathfrak su}(2)^{(grav)}_L \oplus {\mathfrak su}(2)_L$ -- in the ordinary world, and $\tilde {\mathfrak g}' = {{\mathfrak su}(2)'}^{(grav)}_R \oplus {\mathfrak su}(2)'_R$ -- in the hidden world. Using an extension of the Plebanski action for general relativity, we recover the actions for gravity, SU(2) Yang-Mills and Higgs fields in both (visible and invisible) sectors of the Universe, and also the total action. After symmetry breaking, all physical constants, including the Newton's constants, cosmological constants, Yang-Mills couplings, and other parameters, are determined by a single parameter $g$ presented in the initial action, and by the Higgs VEVs. The Dark Energy problem of this model predicts a too large supersymmetric breaking scale ($\sim 10^{10}-10^{12}$ GeV), which is not within the reach of the LHC experiments.
The cosmological 7Li problem from a nuclear physics perspective

The primordial abundance of 7Li as predicted by Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) is more than a factor 2 larger than what has been observed in metal-poor halo stars. Herein, we analyze the possibility that this discrepancy originates from incorrect assumptions about the nuclear reaction cross sections relevant for BBN. To do this, we introduce an efficient method to calculate the changes in the 7Li abundance produced by arbitrary (temperature dependent) modifications of the nuclear reaction rates. Then, considering that 7Li is mainly produced from 7Be via the electron capture process 7Be + e -> 7Li + nu_e, we assess the impact of the various channels of 7Be destruction. Differently from previous analysis, we consider the role of unknown resonances by using a complete formalism which takes into account the effect of Coulomb and centrifugal barrier penetration and that does not rely on the use of the narrow-resonance approximation. As a result of this, the possibility of a nuclear physics solution to the 7Li problem is significantly suppressed. Given the present experimental and theoretical constraints, it is unlikely that the 7Be + n destruction rate is underestimated by the 2.5 factor required to solve the problem. We exclude, moreover, that resonant destruction in the channels 7Be + t and 7Be + 3He can explain the 7Li puzzle. New unknown resonances in 7Be + d and 7Be + alpha could potentially produce significant effects. Recent experimental results have ruled out such a possibility for 7Be+d. On the other hand, for the 7Be + alpha channel very favorable conditions are required. The possible existence of a partially suitable resonant level in 11C is studied in the framework of a coupled-channel model and the possibility of a direct measurement is considered.
Safe Thyroidectomy without Nerve Detector Stimulation. A Maneuver Adds More Safety during Total Thyroidectomy, Comparative Study

Background: One of the most invasive procedures in endocrine surgery is the thyroidectomy. When the procedure is carried out in the appropriate surgical settings, it is safe with little morbidity and zero fatality Objective: We aimed to visualize the RLN and parathyroid and confirm it by staining with Diluted gentian violet for safe total thyroidectomy. Patients and Methods: At Assiut University Hospital, a quasi-experimental study was conducted on primary (not recurring) complete thyroidectomy that was performed on 100 individuals with benign and malignant goitre diseases. The patients were divided into two groups: 50 cases were operated on using the diluted gentian violet spraying approach in group 1 (interventional group), and 50 cases were established using the traditional procedure in group 2 (control group). The perilobe and thyroid lobe were covered with diluted gentian rinse. The recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroids were discovered and assessed. Results: In all cases, the recurrent laryngeal nerve was left uncolored and remained white, while all other tissues were coloured blue. The blue stain was washed out and the parathyroid glands' natural yellow hue appeared within three minutes. The thyroid gland was washed out in about 15 minutes. Conclusion: A new method called diluted gentian violet spraying makes it possible to recognise both parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerves. This method is technically sound, reliable, and safe.
Non-Hermitian perspective of the band structure in heavy-fermion systems

We analyze a two-dimensional Kondo lattice model with special emphasis on non-Hermitian properties of the single-particle spectrum, following a recent proposal by Kozii and Fu. Our analysis based on the dynamical mean-field theory elucidates that the single-particle spectral weight shows the exceptional points (EPs). Correspondingly, the spectral weight exhibits the band touching, resulting in a structure similar to the Fermi arc. Furthermore, we find an intriguing phenomenon arising from the periodicity of the lattice. The EPs generated by two distinct Dirac points merge and change into a hybrid point, which vanishes as the exchange interaction is increased. Accordingly, the paramagnetic phase in the low-temperature region shows a significant difference from noninteracting fermions: the imaginary part of the self-energy yields the Fermi loop without any defective points.
Testing pQCD and AdS/CFT energy loss at RHIC and LHC

We compare calculations of jet quenching observables at √s = 2.76 ATeV to preliminary LHC data from weakcoupling pQCD and strong-coupling AdS/CFT drag energy loss models constrained to √s = 200 AGeV RHIC data. While somewhat overpredicting the suppression of hadrons, the pQCD-based WHDG model reproduces the hadron azimuthal anisotropy (over many centrality classes) and the suppression of D mesons at LHC. The drag predictions shown here compare poorly to the suppression of D mesons, but the current experimental uncertainties are large. The double ratio of D to B meson RAA(pT) should provide a robust experimental measurement to distinguish between the very different assumptions of the strength of interactions in the QGP produced in heavy ion collisions; i.e., whether, from a jet quenching standpoint, the medium is either weakly-or strongly-coupled.
Seismic‐Wave Amplification in 3D Alluvial Basins: 3D/1D Amplification Ratios from Fast Multipole BEM Simulations

In this article, we study seismic‐wave amplification in alluvial basins having 3D standard geometries through the fast multipole boundary‐element method (FMBEM) in the frequency domain. We investigate how much 3D amplification differs from the 1D (horizontal layering) case. Considering incident fields of plane harmonic waves, we examine the relationships between the amplification level and the most relevant physical parameters of the problem (impedance contrast, 3D aspect ratio, and vertical and oblique incidence of plane waves). The FMBEM results show that the most important parameters for wave amplification are the impedance contrast and the so‐called equivalent shape ratio. Using these two parameters, we derive simple rules to compute the fundamental frequency for various 3D basin shapes and the corresponding 3D/1D amplification factor for 5% damping. Effects on amplification due to 3D basin asymmetry are also studied and incorporated in the derived rules.
THE ACS FORNAX CLUSTER SURVEY. XII. DIFFUSE STAR CLUSTERS IN EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES

Diffuse star clusters (DSCs) are old and dynamically hot stellar systems that have lower surface brightness and more extended morphology than globular clusters (GCs). Using the images from Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/ACS Fornax Cluster Survey, we find that 12 out of 43 early-type galaxies (ETGs) in the Fornax Cluster host significant numbers of DSCs. Together with literature data from the HST/ACS Virgo Cluster Survey, where 18 out of 100 ETGs were found to host DSCs, we systematically study the relationship of DSCs with GCs and their host galaxy environment. Two DSC hosts are post-merger galaxies, with most of the other hosts either having low mass or showing clear disk components. We find that while the number ratio of DSCs to GCs is nearly constant in massive galaxies, the DSC-to-GC ratio becomes systematically higher in lower-mass hosts. This suggests that DSCs may be more efficient at forming (or surviving) in low-density environments. DSC hosts are not special either in their position in the cluster or in the galactic color–magnitude diagram. Why some disk and low-mass galaxies host DSCs while others do not is still a puzzle, however. The mean ages of DSC hosts and nonhosts are similar at similar masses, implying that formation efficiency rather than survival is the reason behind different DSC number fractions in ETGs.
A Short 5′triphosphate RNA nCoV-L Induces a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Response by Activating RIG-I

Small molecular nucleic acid drugs produce antiviral effects by activating pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). In this study, a small molecular nucleotide containing 5′triphosphoric acid (5′PPP) and possessing a double-stranded structure was designed and named nCoV-L. nCoV-L was found to specifically activate RIG-I, induce interferon responses, and inhibit duplication of four RNA viruses (Human enterovirus 71, Human poliovirus 1, Human coxsackievirus B5 and Influenza A virus) in cells. In vivo, nCoV-L quickly induced interferon responses and protected BALB/c suckling mice from a lethal dose of the enterovirus 71. Additionally, prophylactic administration of nCoV-L was found to reduce mouse death and relieve morbidity symptoms in a K18-hACE2 mouse lethal model of SARS-CoV-2. In summary, these findings indicate that nCoV-L activates RIG-I and quickly induces effective antiviral signals. Thus, it has potential as a broad-spectrum antiviral drug.
An effective field theory model for one-dimensional CH chains: effects at finite chemical potential, temperature and external Zeeman magnetic field

In this work we use an effective field theory model to investigate doped (CH)x chains under the influence of an external constant Zeeman magnetic field B0, at zero and finite temperature, in the mean-field approximation and beyond. We consider both homogeneous and inhomogeneous Δ(x) condensates and calculate the Pauli magnetization and the magnetic susceptibility of these chains in various situations for the temperature and chemical potentials. We also briefly discuss the possibility of using these materials as partially polarized 1D organic conductors.
Isolation and identification of recent Bovine Herpesvirus-1 from cattle at Menoufiya governorate, Egypt 2021.

Keywords Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is responsible for different clinical findings in cattle including tracheitis, conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis, vulvovaginitis, balanoposthitis, abortion, infertility, encephalitis and fatal disease in newly born calves, and causes high economic losses . The present study was carried out for diagnosis of BoHV-1from clinically suspected cattle in El Menoufiya governorate, Egypt during the period from September 2021 until December 2021. A total of 50 field samples including swabs (n= 35) and internal organs (n= 15) collected from clinically suspected cattle were isolated on cell culture of Madian Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cell line. The isolates were identified using Antigen detection Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Out of 50 tested samples, 30 samples Produce CPE on MDBK cells by third passage. The ELISA only identified BoHV-1 in 20 tissue culture isolates and confirmed by the PCR amplicon of 575 bp targeting Glycoprotein C gene. it was concluded that, isolation, antigen detection ELISA and conventional PCR based on the Glycoprotein C (gC) were efficient for the identification of BoHV-1virus. This indicates circulation of BoHV-1 on Menoufiya governorate and directed toward application of control measures.
Laser cooling of solids

Laser cooling of solids, sometimes also known as optical refrigeration, is a fast developing area of optical science, investigating the interaction of light with condensed matter. Apart from being of fundamental scientific interest, this topic addresses a very important practical issue: design and construction of laser pumped solid-state cryocoolers, which are compact, free from mechanical vibrations, moving parts, fluids and can cause only low electromagnetic interference in the cooled area. The optical cryocooler has a broad area of applications such as in the development of magnetometers for geophysical sensors, in biomedical sensing and can be beneficial for satellite instrumentations and small sensors, where compactness and the lack of vibrations are very important. Simply, a laser cooler works on the conversion of low energy pump photons into high-energy anti-Stokes fluorescence photons by extracting some of the phonons (heat energy) in a material. That is, the process of laser cooling of solids is based on anti-Stokes fluorescence also known as luminescence upconversion, when light quanta in the red tail of the absorption spectrum are absorbed from a pump laser, and blue-shifted photons are spontaneously emitted. The extra energy extracted from the solid-state lattice in the form of the phonons is the quanta of vibrational energy which generates heat. The idea to cool solids with anti-Stokes fluorescence was proposed in 1929 by Peter Pringsheim and first demonstrated experimentally by Epstein's research team in 1995. In 1999, Steven Bowman proposed to use the optical refrigeration by anti-Stokes fluorescence within the laser medium to balance the heat generated by the Stokes shifted stimulated emission in a high-power solid-state bulk laser. Such a laser without internal heating named radiation-balanced or athermal laser was experimentally demonstrated for the first time in 2002. At the present time laser cooling of solids can be largely divided into three main areas: laser cooling of rare-earth doped solids, laser cooling in semiconductors and radiation-balanced lasers. All three areas are very interesting and important and will be considered in this paper.