Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Heat on the Pressure Skewness and Kurtosis in Supersonic Jets

Mach wave radiation and crackle are dominant noise components from high-speed jets, found in both high-power engines and scale nozzles. The statistics of the pressure signal and its time derivative (dP/dt) have been widely studied to identify and quantify crackle. In this paper, we investigate the impact of operating condition on the overall sound pressure level, skewness, and kurtosis of the pressure and dP/dt signals of a jet issuing from an Md=1.5 converging–diverging conical nozzle. The effect of temperature and nonideal expansion were independently investigated. An increase in convective Mach number Mc, achieved by increasing either jet temperature or nozzle pressure ratio, proved to be related to elevated values of overall sound pressure level, skewness, and kurtosis, in both the near and far fields. The peak values of overall sound pressure level, skewness levels, and kurtosis levels were found to propagate at different angles for cold jets, but at elevated temperature, the directivity was more sim.
Structure and dynamics of cluster plasmas created by ultrashort intense laser fields

Ultrashort, intense laser-cluster interaction and the resultant structure formation are investigated in detail by employing a particle-in-cell code including relaxation and ionization processes. In addition to a laser-induced polarization field, we have found that an ambipolar radial electric field and internal and external sheath fields play a key role in the explosion dynamics of the cluster. Electrons and ions show complex behavior leading to a prominent dip in the structure of the electron energy distribution, and a double-layered structure in ion density and energy distributions for higher charge states.
Enhancement of channel conductivity in AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field effect transistors by AlGaN:Si back barrier

Heterostructure field effect transistors with three AlGaN/GaN interfaces were designed and investigated. A Si-doped AlGaN back barrier was used to compensate for the reduction of channel conductivity due to a carbon doped semi-insulating GaN buffer layer. Simulation using a one dimensional Poisson-Schrodinger solver showed an enhancement of the charge carrier density which was then confirmed experimentally. Hall and magnetic field dependent mobility measurements proved the Si-doped AlGaN back barrier layer causes neither degradation of electron mobility nor a parasitic conduction channel. Id,max of the transistors was enhanced by a factor of 1.5–2 without decreasing the off-state breakdown voltage.
Generation of an astronomical optical frequency comb in three fibre-based nonlinear stages

The generation of a broadband optical frequency comb with 80 GHz spacing by propagation of a sinusoidal wave through three dispersion-optimized nonlinear stages is numerically investigated. The input power, the dispersion, the nonlinear coefficient, and lengths are optimized for the first two stages for the generation of low-noise ultra-short pulses. The final stage is a low-dispersion highly-nonlinear fibre where the ultra-short pulses undergo self-phase modulation for strong spectral broadening. The modeling is performed using a Generalized Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation incorporating Kerr and Raman nonlinearities, self-steepening, high-order dispersion and gain. In the proposed approach the sinusoidal input field is pre-compressed in the first fibre section. This is shown to be necessary to keep the soliton order below ten to minimize the noise build-up during adiabatic pulse compression, when the pulses are subsequently amplified in the next fibre section (rare-earth-doped-fibre with anomalous dispersion). We demonstrate that there is an optimum balance between dispersion, input power and nonlinearities, in order to have adiabatic pulse compression. It is shown that the intensity noise grows exponentially as the pulses start to be compressed in the amplifying fibre. Eventually, the noise decreases and reaches a minimum when the pulses are maximally compressed. A train of 70 fs pulses with up to 3.45 kW peak power and negligible noise is generated in our simulations, which can be spectrally broadened in a highly-nonlinear fibre. The main drawback of this compression technique is the small fibre length tolerance where noise is negligible (smaller than 10 cm for erbium-doped fibre length of 15 m). We finally investigate how the frequency comb characteristics are modified by incorporating an optical feedback. We show that frequency combs appropriate for calibration of astronomical spectrographs can be improved by using this technique.
Low temperature upregulating HSP70 expression to mitigate the paclitaxel-induced damages in NHEK cell

Scalp cooling is the most approved treatment for preventing chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA). However, the protective mechanism of scalp cooling has rarely been reported. The goal of the present study was to study the relationship between paclitaxel concentration and temperature and the inhibitory effect of low temperature on paclitaxel-induced alopecia. The results showed that the dose of paclitaxel should not exceed 60–70 mg/mL during scalp cooling treatment, and the optimal cooling temperature under different paclitaxel concentrations was determined. Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) cells were analyzed by global transcriptome analysis, functional annotation and pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and ELISA kit to analyze the mechanism of low temperature therapy. The expression of HSPA8, HSPA1A and HSPA1B, which belongs to HSP70, was up-regulated by low temperature. These genes are important target genes of low temperature treatment, which were confirmed by ELISA. The up-regulation of PLK2 and the down-regulation of TXNIP expression are the upstream of mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS, inhibiting the accumulation of ROS and up-regulating the mitochondrial membrane potential. Our research partially elucidates the therapeutic mechanism of scalp cooling, which provides a new idea on the drug research and development in CIA.
The Role and Function of Autobiographical Memory Narratives during the Emotional Processing of Breast Cancer Treatment: An Empirically-Derived Memory Coding System

Breast cancer (BC) in younger age is a critical and potentially traumatic experience that can interrupt the continuity of self-narrative during a crucial phase. In the Narrative Identity framework the translation of memories into autobiographical narratives is an internal and external process that plays a key role in meaning-making, social relationships and self-coherence. The aim of this study is to examine the role and function that autobiographical memory narratives (AMN) play in the process of adaptation to BC medical treatment. Seventeen BC women below 50 years received prompts to provide autobiographical memory narratives at four phases during their treatment (pre-hospitalization-T1-post-surgery-T2-chemo-radio therapy-T3-follow-up-T4). The Emotional Processing Scale (EPS) was also administered. In all, 68 AMN were collected. A three step procedure of data analysis was conducted. The first one, an empirically-derived memory coding manual to analyze key dimensions of AMN was developed: Agency; Emotional Regulation and Interpersonal Relations. Findings show a particular vulnerability in narrative identity faced by BC women during the shift from T1-T3. In the second one, an emotional coping profile for each woman focusing on the shift from T1-T3 was created. For the third step, these profiles were compared with the EPS scores. The final results suggest the capacity of the AMNs to differentiate the women’s emotional adaptation over the course of the BC treatment. Despite the study’s limitations, it supports the use of AMN as clinical device to construct a deeper knowledge and profiling trajectory of how women have internalized and elaborated past encounters with illness and help providers, as well as their prior experience of bodily/psychological health and integrity. This information adds to an understanding of their current efforts at recovery and adaptation. In this way we believe that the recollection of narrative memories, not only at the end of the cancer treatment but also during its process, could help the women to mend the broken continuity of their narrative self, as they seek to maintain a healthy balance of internal resources across their past, present, and projected future.
Hydrodynamic interaction between two identical capsules in simple shear flow

We present a numerical model of the hydrodynamic interactions between two capsules freely suspended in a simple shear flow. The capsules are identical and each consists of a liquid droplet enclosed by a thin hyperelastic membrane, devoid of bending resistance and obeying a neo-Hookean constitutive law. The two capsules are slightly prestressed with a given inflation ratio in order to avoid the small deformation instability due to compression observed for a single capsule in simple shear flow. The viscosity ratio between the interior and exterior fluids of the capsule is taken to be unity and creeping flow conditions are assumed to prevail. The boundary-element method is used with bi-cubic B-splines as basis functions on a structured mesh in order to discretize the capsule surface. A new method using two grids with initially orthogonal pole axes is developed to eliminate polar singularities in the load calculation and to allow for long computation times. Two capsules suspended in simple shear flow usually have different velocities and thus eventually pass each other. We study this crossing process as a function of flow strength and initial particle separation. We find that hydrodynamic interactions during crossing lead to large shape alterations, elevated elastic tensions in the membrane and result in an irreversible trajectory shift of the capsules. Furthermore, a tendency towards buckling is observed, particularly during the separation phase where large pressure differences occur. Our results are in qualitative agreement with those obtained for a pair of interacting liquid droplets but show the specific role played by the membrane of capsules.
Surgical Strategies for Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Resection: A Review of Current Evidence

Simple Summary Among primary liver cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common. Surgical resection and liver transplantation both represent potentially curative treatments not only in the case of the first occurrence, but also in those cases of disease recurrence if a proper selection of patients is performed ahead. Incidentally, the type and the time of relapse carry important weight on patient prognosis and overall survival. For these cases, proper management has still not been exactly defined. If precise indications for HCC first occurrence are quite clear, very few clear indications have been reported in those cases of relapse. The authors, after an extensive review of the published literature, aimed to summarize the modalities and the histopathological patterns of HCC recurrence, their prognostic value, and the main surgical strategies to deal with HCC relapse. At this point, either for redo hepatectomy or salvage liver transplantation, the pros and the cons have been detailed with the aim of characterizing the most suitable patients for receiving one or another. Some studies where such treatments were compared have been reported as well. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer, and both liver resection and liver transplantation are considered potentially curative options. However, high recurrence rates affect the prognosis depending both on the primary HCC pathology characteristics or on the type and time of the relapse. While great attention has been usually posted on treatment algorithms for the first HCC, treatment algorithms for recurrent HCC (rHCC) are lacking. In these cases, surgery still represents a curative option with both redo hepatectomy and/or salvage liver transplantation, which are considered valid treatments in selected patients. In the current era of personalised medicine with promises of new systemic-targeted immuno-chemotherapies, we wished to perform a narrative review of the literature on the role of surgical strategies for rHCC.
Satellite Observations during TOGA COARE: Large-Scale Descriptive Overview

Abstract The 1992/93 Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) was specifically designed to monitor multiscale interactions between the atmosphere and ocean over the western Pacific warm pool. To help meet this objective, satellite observations were used to augment the enhanced COARE conventional data array in both space and time. In this paper the authors present a descriptive overview of convective cloud variability and sea surface temperature during the four-month intensive observational period (IOP) as revealed by satellite. Time series of Geostationary Meteorological Satellite infrared brightness temperatures are evaluated at selected equatorial locations in the western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans. Intraseasonal modes of transient convection/cloudiness are revealed, with two eastward-propagating Madden-Julian oscillations identified. Spectral analysis on the time series data indicates that higher-frequency variations in regional convective activity ar.
Demonstration of Accuracy and Feasibility of Remotely Delivered Oximetry: A Blinded, Controlled, Real-World Study of Regional/Rural Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

Objectives: Evaluate diagnostic accuracy and feasibility of a mail-out home oximetry kit. Design: Patients were referred for both the tertiary/quaternary-centre hospital-delivered oximetry (HDO) and for the mail-out remotely-delivered oximetry (RDO). Quantitative and qualitative data were collected. The COVID-19 pandemic began during this study; therefore, necessary methodological adjustments were implemented. Setting: Patients were first evaluated in Swan Hill, Victoria. RDO kits were sent to home addresses. For the HDO, patients travelled to the Melbourne city area, received the kit, stayed overnight, and returned the kit the following morning. Participants: All consecutive paediatric patients (aged 2–18), diagnosed by a specialist in Swan Hill with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) on history/examination, and booked for tonsillectomy +/− adenoidectomy, were recruited. Main outcome measures: Diagnostic accuracy (i.e., comparison of RDO to HDO results) and test delivery time (i.e., days from consent signature to oximetry delivery) were recorded. Patient travel distances for HDO collection were calculated using home/delivery address postcodes and Google® Maps data. Qualitative data were collected with two digital follow-up surveys. Results: All 32 patients that had both the HDO and RDO had identical oximetry results. The HDO mean delivery time was 87.7 days, while the RDO mean delivery time was 23.6 days (p value: <0.001). Qualitatively, 3/28 preferred the HDO, while 25/28 preferred the RDO (n = 28). Conclusions: The remote option is as accurate as the hospital option, strongly preferred by patients, more rapidly completed, and also an ideal investigation delivery method during certain emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Potential of ANK1 to Predict Parkinson’s Disease

The main cause of Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains unknown and the pathologic changes in the brain limit rapid diagnosis. Herein, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE8397 and GSE22491) were assessed using linear models for microarray analysis (limma). Ankyrin 1 (ANK1) was the only common gene differentially down-regulated in lateral substantia nigra (LSN), medial substantia nigra (MSN) and blood. Additionally, DEGs between high ANK1 and low ANK1 in GSE99039 were picked out and then uploaded to the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) for gene ontology (GO) functional annotation analysis. GO analysis displayed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in oxygen transport, myeloid cell development and gas transport (biological process (BP)); hemoglobin complex, haptoglobin–hemoglobin complex and cortical cytoskeleton (cellular component (CC)); and oxygen transporter activity, haptoglobin binding and oxygen binding (molecular function (MF)). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed ANK1 had good diagnostic accuracy and increased the area under the curve (AUC) value when combined with other biomarkers. Consistently, intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropy-ridi-ne (MPTP) in C57BL/6J mice reduced ANK1 mRNA expression in both substantia nigra and blood compared to the control group. Thus, ANK1 may serve as a candidate biomarker for PD diagnosis.
Patterns of Postoperative Trismus Following Mandibulectomy and Fibula Free Flap Reconstruction

Simple Summary Trismus is a serious sequela of head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment that can profoundly affect quality of life. While the relationship between radiotherapy and trismus in HNC has been established, the surgical risk factors for trismus in HNC patients are largely unclear. This study reports the prevalence of postoperative trismus in a large cohort of patients who underwent mandibulectomy and fibula free flap reconstruction. Patients with a posterior mandibulotomy that involved or removed the ramus had significantly higher rates of persistent trismus >6 months after surgery, which was also demonstrated in a multivariable logistic regression. These findings may inform future surgical planning and potentially optimize functional outcomes in patients undergoing significant mandibular resection. Abstract The factors that contribute to postoperative trismus after mandibulectomy and fibula free flap reconstruction (FFFR) are undefined. We retrospectively assessed postoperative trismus (defined as a maximum interincisal opening ≤35 mm) in 106 patients undergoing mandibulectomy with FFFR, employing logistic regression to identify risk factors associated with this sequela. The surgical indication was primary ablation in 64%, salvage for recurrence in 24%, and osteonecrosis in 12%. Forty-five percent of patients had existing preoperative trismus, and 58% of patients received adjuvant radiation/chemoradiation following surgery. The overall rates of postoperative trismus were 76% in the early postoperative period (≤3 months after surgery) and 67% in the late postoperative period (>6 months after surgery). Late postoperative trismus occurred more frequently in patients with ramus-involving vs. ramus-preserving posterior mandibulotomies (82% vs. 46%, p = 0.004). A ramus-involving mandibulotomy was the only variable significantly associated with trismus >6 months postoperatively on multivariable logistic regression (OR, 7.94; 95% CI, 1.85–33.97; p = 0.005). This work demonstrates that trismus is common after mandibulectomy and FFFR, and suggests that posterior mandibulotomies that involve or remove the ramus may predispose to a higher risk of persistent postoperative trismus.
COVID-19 and hepatic injury: cellular and molecular mechanisms in diverse liver cells

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a global health and economic challenge. Hepatic injuries have been approved to be associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The viral tropism pattern of SARS-CoV-2 can induce hepatic injuries either by itself or by worsening the conditions of patients with hepatic diseases. Besides, other factors have been reported to play a crucial role in the pathological forms of hepatic injuries induced by SARS-CoV-2, including cytokine storm, hypoxia, endothelial cells, and even some treatments for COVID-19. On the other hand, several groups of people could be at risk of hepatic COVID-19 complications, such as pregnant women and neonates. The present review outlines and discusses the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 infection and hepatic injury, hepatic illness comorbidity, and risk factors. Besides, it is focused on the vaccination process and the role of developed vaccines in preventing hepatic injuries due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Evaluation of the relationship between acute kidney injury and renin angiotensin system inhibition in COVID-19 patients

OBJECTIVE In patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), acute kidney injury (AKI) may alter the clinical course and outcome of the disease. In this study, the association of AKI with renin angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitor treatment and its clinical consequences were examined in COVID-19 patients admitted to our hospital during the initial stages of the pandemic. METHODS A total of 407 patients between 18 and 85 years of age (202 male and 205 female) admitted to the Umraniye Research And Training Hospital between May 2020 and August 2020 with a diagnosis of COVID-19 were included in the study. Patients were categorized as follows: Group 1, subjects with no chronic conditions (n=150); and Group 2, subjects with comorbid conditions (n=257). Group 2 was subdivided into Group 2A (receiving angiotensin receptor blocker [ARB])/(angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor [ACEI], n=81), and Group 2B (not receiving ARB/ACEI, n=176). RESULTS Hypertension was the most frequent comorbid condition (36.4%). There was no difference in survival rates between the patients who used RAS inhibitor and the ones who did not based on log rank test (p=0.342). Fifty-four patients (13.4%) had developed AKI during the time frame of the disease. In patients with chronic diseases such as hypertension, the use of RAS inhibitory medication was not associated with developing AKI (OR 95% CI: 0.317–1.358; p=0.256). The survival rate of the patients with AKI was significantly lower than patients without AKI (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION COVID-19 may cause renal injury represents a risk factor for mortality. Therefore, detection of renal injury has a particular prognostic importance.
Genome-Wide Identification of DUF668 Gene Family and Expression Analysis under Drought and Salt Stresses in Sweet Potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam]

The domain of unknown function 668 (DUF668) is a gene family that plays a vital role in responses to adversity coercion stresses in plant. However, the function of the DUF668 gene family is not fully understood in sweet potato. In this study, bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the number, physicochemical properties, evolution, structure, and promoter cis-acting elements of the IbDUF668 family genes, and RNA-seq and qRT–PCR were performed to detect gene expression and their regulation under hormonal and abiotic stress. A total of 14 IbDUF668 proteins were identified in sweet potato, distributed on nine chromosomes. By phylogenetic analysis, IbDUF668 proteins can be divided into two subfamilies. Transcriptome expression profiling revealed that many genes from DUF668 in sweet potato showed specificity and differential expression under cold, heat, drought, salt and hormones (ABA, GA3 and IAA). Four genes (IbDUF668-6, 7, 11 and 13) of sweet potato were significantly upregulated by qRT-PCR under ABA, drought and NaCl stress. Results suggest that the DUF668 gene family is involved in drought and salt tolerance in sweet potato, and it will further provide the basic information of DUF668 gene mechanisms in plants.
On generic dynamics related to a 3-fold zero eigenvalue

In this paper, we consider the bifurcation and stability behaviour of a nonlinear autonomous system in the vicinity of a generic codimension-3 critical point characterized by a triple-zero eigenvalue. The analysis is based on simplified differential equations in normal form and the unification technique coupled with the intrinsic harmonic balancing procedure. The equilibrium solutions, Hopf bifurcations and bifurcations into two-dimensional tori are studied in detail, and the associated stability conditions are presented as well. All results are expressed in terms of system coefficients. An example drawn from nonlinear control systems is analysed to demonstrate the direct applicability of the theory