Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigations into the Early Life History of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon in the Grande Ronde River Basin : Fish Research Project Oregon : Annual Progress Report Project Period 1 September 1998 to 31 August 1999.

We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon from three populations in the Grande Ronde River basin. We estimated 13,180 juvenile chinook salmon left upper rearing areas of the Grande Ronde River from July 1998 to June 1999; approximately 0.2% of the migrants left in summer, 18% in fall and 82% in spring. We estimated 15,949 juvenile chinook salmon left upper rearing areas of Catherine Creek from July 1998 to June 1999; approximately 0.2% of the migrants left in summer, 57% in fall, 2% in winter, and 41% in spring. We estimated 14,537 juvenile chinook salmon left the Grande Ronde Valley, located below the upper rearing areas in Catherine Creek and the Grande Ronde River, from October 1998 to June 1999; approximately 99% of the migrants left in spring. We estimated 31,113 juvenile chinook salmon left upper rearing areas of the Lostine River from July 1998 to June 1999; approximately 4% of the migrants left in summer, 57% in fall, 3% in winter, and 36% in spring. We estimated 42,705 juvenile spring chinook salmon left the Wallowa Valley, located below the mouth of the Lostine River, from August 1998 to June 1999; approximately 46% of the migrants left in fall, 6% in winter, and 47% in spring. Juvenile chinook salmon PIT-tagged on the upper Grande Ronde River were detected at Lower Granite Dam from 31 March to 20 June 1999, with a median passage date of 5 May. PIT-tagged salmon from Catherine Creek were detected at Lower Granite Dam from 19 April to 9 July 1999, with a median passage date of 24 May. PIT-tagged salmon from the Lostine River were detected at Lower Granite Dam from 31 March through 8 July 1999, with a median passage date of 4 May. Juveniles tagged as they left the upper rearing areas of the Grande Ronde River in fall and that overwintered in areas downstream were detected in the hydrosystem at a higher rate than fish tagged during winter in the upper rearing areas, indicating a higher overwinter survival in the downstream areas. Juveniles tagged as they left the upper rearing areas of Catherine Creek in fall and that overwintered in areas downstream were detected in the hydrosystem at a lower rate than fish tagged during winter in the upper rearing areas, indicating a higher overwinter survival in the upper rearing areas. Juveniles tagged as they left the upper rearing areas of the Lostine River in fall and that overwintered in areas downstream were detected in the hydrosystem at a similar rate to fish tagged during winter in the upper rearing areas, indicating similar overwinter survival in the upstream and downstream areas. Chinook salmon parr were generally associated with low velocity habitat types, that is pools, during both winter and summer in the Lostine River.
Breakup of Temperature Inversions in Deep Mountain Valleys: Part I. Observations.

Abstract The breakup of temperature inversions in the deep mountain valleys of western Colorado has been studied by means of tethered balloon observations of wind and temperature structure on clear weather days in different seasons. Vertical potential temperature structure profiles evolve following one of three patterns. Two of the patterns are special cases of the third pattern, in which inversions are destroyed by two continuous processes-upward growth of a convective boundary layer (CBL) into the base of the valley inversion, and descent of the inversion top. The three idealized patterns are described and 21 case studies of inversion breakup following the patterns are summarized. Inversion breakup begins at sunrise and is generally completed in 3½–5 h, unless the valley is snow covered or the ground is wet. Warming of the inversion layer is consistent with subsidence heating. An hypothesis is offered to explain the observations, stressing the role of the sensible heat flux in causing the CBL to grow an.
ESR1 Gene Mutations and Liquid Biopsy in ER-Positive Breast Cancers: A Small Step Forward, a Giant Leap for Personalization of Endocrine Therapy?

Simple Summary Endocrine therapy (ET) remains the mainstay of treatment for Hormone Receptor-positive breast cancer, both in the early and advanced settings. The acquisition of mutations in the ESR1 gene encoding the estrogen receptor represents one of the main resistance mechanisms to ET. A conventional tumor tissue biopsy can be used to detect ESR1 mutations; however, these mutations are less likely to present on initial tissue biopsy, and such an invasive approach is hardly repeatable over time for longitudinal disease monitoring. The research of ESR1 mutations in liquid biopsies based on the analysis of circulating cell-free DNA in plasma is of increasing interest and has been recently recommended to guide therapy in patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers at progression under ET. This comprehensive review reports the most recent advances and recommendations in this field and compares the different techniques available for the analysis of the ESR1 gene in liquid biopsy. Abstract The predominant forms of breast cancer (BC) are hormone receptor-positive (HR+) tumors characterized by the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) and/or progesterone receptors (PRs). Patients with HR+ tumors can benefit from endocrine therapy (ET). Three types of ET are approved for the treatment of HR+ BCs and include selective ER modulators, aromatase inhibitors, and selective ER downregulators. ET is the mainstay of adjuvant treatment in the early setting and the backbone of the first-line treatment in an advanced setting; however, the emergence of acquired resistance can lead to cancer recurrence or progression. The mechanisms of ET resistance are often related to the occurrence of mutations in the ESR1 gene, which encodes the ER-alpha protein. As ESR1 mutations are hardly detectable at diagnosis but are present in 30% to 40% of advanced BC (ABC) after treatment, the timeline of testing is crucial. To manage this resistance, ESR1 testing has recently been recommended; in ER+ HER2− ABC and circulating cell-free DNA, so-called liquid biopsy appears to be the most convenient way to detect the emergence of ESR1 mutations. Technically, several options exist, including Next Generation Sequencing and ultra-sensitive PCR-based techniques. In this context, personalization of ET through the surveillance of ESR1 mutations in the plasma of HR+ BC patients throughout the disease course represents an innovative way to improve the standard of care.
Identification and Activity of Subglacial Lakes Beneath the Mercer and Whillans Ice Streams and Slessor Glacier

The identification and activity monitoring of Antarctic subglacial lakes contribute to the analysis of the mass balance and sea level change. Remote sensing techniques, especially satellite altimetry, are ideal ways for identifying active subglacial lakes and indirectly monitoring their hydrological activity. Based on ICESat-2 altimetry data, we propose two methods to generate the rates of ice surface elevation changes for identifying active subglacial lakes in Antarctica. We identify 15 new active subglacial lakes and provide denser and more precise outline detail for known subglacial lakes in the Mercer and Whillans Ice Streams and Slessor Glacier regions. Then, we use ICESat-2 and earlier CryoSat-2 data to get the time series of ice surface elevation changes for subglacial lakes to further understand their hydrological processes. Results show that subglacial lakes have exhibited periodic activity and at least two fill–drain cycles in the Mercer and Whillans Ice Streams region. Owing to data limitations, the time series shows less periodic lake activity in the Slessor Glacier region. However, subglacial water movements are similarly active and have various activity patterns.
Factors Associated With Humeral Avulsion of Glenohumeral Ligament Lesions in Patients With Anterior Shoulder Instability: An Analysis of the MOON Shoulder Instability Cohort

Background: Humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL) lesions are an uncommon cause of anterior glenohumeral instability and may occur in isolation or combination with other pathologies. As HAGL lesions are difficult to detect via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and arthroscopy, they can remain unrecognized and result in continued glenohumeral instability. Purpose: To compare patients with anterior shoulder instability from a large multicenter cohort with and without a diagnosis of a HAGL lesion and identify preoperative physical examination findings, patient-reported outcomes, imaging findings, and surgical management trends associated with HAGL lesions. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients with anterior glenohumeral instability who underwent surgical management between 2012 and 2020 at 11 orthopaedic centers were enrolled. Patients with HAGL lesions identified intraoperatively were compared with patients without HAGL lesions. Preoperative characteristics, physical examinations, imaging findings, intraoperative findings, and surgical procedures were collected. The Student t test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Fisher exact test, and chi-square test were used to compare groups. Results: A total of 21 HAGL lesions were identified in 915 (2.3%) patients; approximately one-third (28.6%) of all lesions were visualized intraoperatively but not identified on preoperative MRI. Baseline characteristics did not differ between study cohorts. Compared with non-HAGL patients, HAGL patients were less likely to have a Hill-Sachs lesion (54.7% vs 28.6%; P = .03) or an anterior labral tear (87.2% vs 66.7%; P = .01) on preoperative MRI and demonstrated increased external rotation when their affected arm was positioned at 90° of abduction (85° vs 90°; P = .03). Additionally, HAGL lesions were independently associated with an increased risk of undergoing an open stabilization surgery (odds ratio, 74.6 [95% CI, 25.2-221.1]; P < .001). Conclusion: Approximately one-third of HAGL lesions were missed on preoperative MRI. HAGL patients were less likely to exhibit preoperative imaging findings associated with anterior shoulder instability, such as Hill-Sachs lesions or anterior labral pathology. These patients underwent open procedures more frequently than patients without HAGL lesions.
Mind-altering Cycads? Preliminary Evidence of Psychoactive Effects in Cycadales

This article examines historical and contemporary evidence for the importance of cycads as sources of psychoactive experiences for ritual and recreational purposes. Methods used include critical analysis and comparison of published and gray literature as well as ethnographic accounts gathered by the author in Mexico and South Africa. The consumption of cycad parts (pollen, coralloid root, and caudex) to derive an intentional psychoactive effect as a drug may implicate the neurotoxic amino acid BMAA, while fermentation and distillation of cycad starch result in intoxication from alcohol. Cycad ingestion is related to medicinal uses, magico-religious practice, and sexual stimulation as an aphrodisiac. Interconnections between these functions, the ceremonial importance of cycads, and conservation implications are discussed. Conclusions include the need to better understand effects on users and on cycad populations, and the potential pitfalls and opportunities psychoactive uses present for community-based conservation.
The immunostimulatory role of an Enterococcus-dominated gut microbiota in host protection against bacterial and fungal pathogens in Galleria mellonella larvae

Understanding the intricate interplay between the gut microbiota and the immune response in insects is crucial, given its diverse impact on the pathogenesis of various microbial species. The microbiota’s modulation of the host immune system is one such mechanism, although its complete impact on immune responses remains elusive. This study investigated the tripartite interaction between the gut microbiota, pathogens, and the host’s response in Galleria mellonella larvae reared under axenic (sterile) and conventional (non-sterile) conditions. The influence of the microbiota on host fitness during infections was evaluated via two different routes: oral infection induced by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae (Btg), and topical infection induced by Metarhizium robertsii (Mr). We observed that larvae without a microbiota can successfully fulfill their life cycle, albeit with more variation in their developmental time. We subsequently performed survival assays on final-instar larvae, using the median lethal dose (LD50) of Btg and Mr. Our findings indicated that axenic larvae were more vulnerable to an oral infection of Btg; specifically, a dose that was calculated to be half-lethal for the conventional group resulted in a 90%–100% mortality rate in the axenic group. Through a dual-analysis experimental design, we could identify the status of the gut microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing and assess the level of immune-related gene expression in the same group of larvae at basal conditions and during infection. This analysis revealed that the microbiota of our conventionally reared population was dominated entirely by four Enterococcus species, and these species potentially stimulated the immune response in the gut, due to the increased basal expression of two antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)—gallerimycin and gloverin—in the conventional larvae compared with the axenic larvae. Furthermore, Enterococcus mundtii, isolated from the gut of conventional larvae, showed inhibition activity against Btg in vitro. Lastly, other immune effectors, namely, phenoloxidase activity in the hemolymph and total reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in the gut, were tested to further investigate the extent of the stimulation of the microbiota on the immune response. These findings highlight the immune-modulatory role of the Enterococcus-dominated gut microbiota, an increasingly reported microbiota assemblage of laboratory populations of Lepidoptera, and its influence on the host’s response to oral and topical infections.
INFLUENCE OF SALT WEATHERING ON THE PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE

ةـصلاخلا : خانملا فورظلا دعت بيآارتلا يف حيلس تلا د يدح أدص ببس ت ي تلا راش تنلاا ةعساو لآاش ملا نم ةحلاملا ةي ةبعص ة يرحب ة يئام فور ظل ضر عتت ي تلا ةينا سرخلا . ن م ة يلاخلا ها يملا ريفو ت ي ف د يازتملا صقن لا نأ ا مآ ةفاآ يف ةصاخب راحبلل ةيذاحملا قطانملا يف ةيتنمسلإا تاطلخلا يف مدختسي يذلا ديارولكلا نأ ي نعي ملاعلا ءاحنأ تنم سلاا ك سامت نإ ف يلا تلابو ،ةرا حلا ة يرحبلا ة ئيبلل ضر عتي نأ ل بق تنم سلإا ل خاد رصحني د ق د يارولكلا ى لع حلاملأا ى لع يو تحي يذ لا تنمسلاا ةرد ق ى لع د متعي فورظلا هذ ه تحت ةمدخلا يف هئاقب رمع طسوتمو جراخلا طسولا نم د يارولكلا برس ت نم د يزم ة مواقم ي . ما علا فدهلاو ثحبلا اذ ه نم ضعب ضرع وه ةحلاملا ةئيبلا هذه يف ديارولكلا ىلع وتحي مل مأ ىوتحا ءاوس ةمواقملا ىلع هتردقو تنمسلإل ةيسدنهلا تازيمملا . صاصتماو ،شا مكنلااو جاعبنلاا لكشت ةوق روطتو ،طاغضنلاا ثحبلا اذه يف اهانيرجأ يتلا تارابتخلاا لمشتو ا و ءاملا نيجسآلأا ةيذافنو ديارولكل . ةياغل تنمسلإا ضرعت دعب كلذ لآو 250 فورظلا هذه لثمل اموي . فوسو ى لإ ةفاضإ ، يدا هجلاا ددمتلاو ةوقلا نادقف ىلإ تدأ فورظلا هذه لثمل ضرعتلل ةرشابملا ةجيتنلا نأ انه حضون آ مدعو تنمسلإا ةيذافن نم تداز يتلا ةيلخادلا تاققشتلا نوكت ةلوهس ديعبلا ىدملا ىلع هتءاف .
A necessary condition for boundary sensitivity of attractive non-linear stochastic cellular automata in Z 2

This paper tackles the question of the environmental robustness of a particular class of two-dimensional ﬁnite threshold Boolean cellular automata when they are subjected to distinct ﬁxed boundary instances. More precisely, focusing on a non-linear stochastic version of the classical threshold function governing the evolution of formal neural networks, we show the existence of a necessary condition under which attractive cellular automata of this form become boundary sensitive, i.e. , we highlight a condition without which a cellular automaton hits the same asymptotic dynamical behaviour whatever its boundary conditions are. To go further, we give an explicit formula for this necessary condition.
EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS FOR PREDICTING METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS

Artificial learning techniques are currently used for weather and climate forecasting, etc. In this paper, we will evaluate three algorithms for predicting meteorological parameters based on the humidity parameter. Our dataset was taken from Mbujimayi airport in the DRC. So, having the real-world data at our disposal, we used these Machine Learning tools to interpret and understand what happened by training the three models separately, and draw the conclusion as to which was the best model. Then, we used the three models to make some predictions about what our environment will be like tomorrow, and to draw conclusions and make decisions about whether or not our climate is already facing climate change. Three models are used: Decision tree, k-nearest neighbor and neural network, the analysis reveals that of the three models tested, the decision tree scored 81.8% after training with an average prediction of 71.5%, in second place we have the K-nearest neighbor with a score of 70% after training with an average prediction of 70, 8% and the cloture neural network with 64% training and an average prediction of 66.1%. Thus, the decision tree outperforms the other models in terms of training and prediction of meteorological parameters, and is the best model with a very high performance compared to the other models.
Building an Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Program at a High-volume Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Center

Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (ECPR) is an emerging approach to cardiac arrest. We present two contrasting cases from a high-volume extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) center (defined as greater than 30 ECMO cases per year) without a 24/7 ECPR program to highlight how to establish an ECPR program with a focus on patient selection and outcome optimization. In one case, a patient presented with cardiac arrest during initial triage for chest pain within the emergency department, and in the other case, a patient experienced an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with prolonged no-flow and low-flow time. Despite the lack of a 24/7 ECPR program at the presenting center, both patients received an ECPR evaluation, as both patients presented while all services necessary for ECMO cannulation were available. The in-hospital cardiac arrest patient was successfully cannulated for ECMO during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survived with few complications. The out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patient was deemed a poor candidate for ECPR and expired soon after presentation. These two cases highlight the complex decision-making in ECPR and further illustrate how to create ECPR protocols at a high-volume ECMO center before resources are available for a 24/7 ECPR program.
PERFIL CONDICIONAL EN JUGADORES DE ÉLITE INTERNACIONALES DE BALONCESTO. DIFERENCIAS ENTRE CROATAS Y JAPONESES FITNESS PROFILE IN ELITE INTERNATIONAL SENIOR MALE BASKETBALL PLAYERS. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CROATIAN AND JAPAN TEAM

1Laboratorio de Analisis de Rendimiento Deportivo Departamento de educacion fisica y deportiva Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y el Deporte Universidad del Pais Vasco Espana 2Faculty of Kinesiology University of Zagreb. Croacia 3Faculty of Sport Sciences and Tourismology, PA University of Novi Sad, Serbia 4Unidad Regional de Medicina del deporte del Principado de Asturias Fundacion Deportiva Municipal de Aviles y Departamento de Biologia Funcional Universidad de Oviedo. Espana CORRESPONDENCIA: Dr. Julio Calleja-Gonzalez Laboratorio de Analisis del Rendimiento Deportivo. Departamento de educacion fisica deportiva. Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y el Deporte. Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV). Lasarte Ataria, 71. 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz (Alava). E-mail: julio.calleja@ehu.es
Intravenous Iron Technique Evaluation in Chronic Heart Failure With Iron Deficiency Anemia

Objective:This study aimed to investigate and assess whether IV iron improves symptoms of chronic heart failure (CHF) in patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Method:A total of 66 subjects with heart failure (HF) seeking therapy in the Department of Medicine's Inpatient Department (IPD) and Outpatient Department (OPD) were included. The data were collected during an outpatient or inpatient visit, documented in a predesigned and pretested proforma and then evaluated. All subjects received history-taking, examinations and regular laboratory tests after being informed and signing an agreement. On admission, the following data was collected: name, age, gender and comorbidities. The examination of subjects included a general examination and a systematic examination. Hematological parameters including hemoglobin (Haemometer, Top Tech Bio Medicals Mumbai), serum iron (Roche Cobas c501, USA), total iron binding capacity (TIBC, Beckman Coulter AU480, India), transferrin saturation percentage (TSAT% = (serum iron/TIBC) × 100), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, 2D echocardiography, Nivan Healthcare Solutions, India) and ferritin (Abbott Architect Ferritin Assay, Delhi) are also important. Other blood tests like liver and renal function tests include an electrocardiogram (12-lead ECG) and two-dimensional echocardiography on admission and follow-up. Results: In our study, 66 patients in total received IV iron as a treatment option to improve the symptoms of CHF with IDA; the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification showed significant improvement (p-value <0.001). Before the intervention, 57.58% of patients had NYHA class II and 42.4% of patients had NYHA class III. After treatment, 33.33% of patients showed NYHA class II and 19.70% of patients showed NYHA class III. After iron therapy treatment, out of 29 cases of NYHA class III, nine (31.03%) cases converted to NYHA class I, seven (24.14%) cases converted to NYHA class II, and 13 (44.83%) cases belonged to the same NYHA class. Out of 37 cases of NYHA class II, 22 (59.45%) cases converted to NYHA class I, and 15 (40.54%) cases belong to the same NYHA class. Conclusion:Thus, we come to the conclusion that the NYHA classification has exhibited notable enhancement subsequent to the administration of parenteral iron therapy. Sufficient evidence exists to substantiate the advantageous effects of intravenous iron therapy in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. The administration of iron therapy has been observed to yield favorable outcomes in the mitigation of symptoms among individuals afflicted with cardiac insufficiency.