Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE MOUNTING SYSTEMS ON THE THERMO-MECHANICAL STRESSES IN SOLAR CELLS BY FEM MODELLING

The mounting system of photovoltaic (PV) modules has a significant impact on the thermo-mechanical stress in PV modules. In this work the clamping of framed PV modules is compared to the clamping of unframed PV laminates by a simulation study using the finite element method (FEM). The FEM modelling allows to calculate the local stress distribution in the solar cells directly. We present results from a model of a standard glass-backsheet PV module with 3 mm glass under homogenous mechanical pressure load of up to 5400 Pa. The thermal stress from the lamination process is considered as a pre-study, similar to [1]. The frameless clamped PV laminate shows a significantly larger displacement of 147 mm than the framed PV module with 54 mm for 2400 Pa. In line with the findings of Kajari-Schroeder [2] we simulate an elliptic deflection distribution for the framed PV module, whereas the clamped PV laminate shows a wave-like shape. Consequently, the area of high tensile stresses in the silicon solar cells, with a maximum value of 142 MPa at 2400 Pa load, is narrowly located around the highest curvature at the center of the framed PV module. In case of the frameless clamped PV laminate we identify four areas of high tensile stresses with a higher maximum value of 218 MPa. The results show that the frame reduces the tensile stresses in the solar cells significantly compared to unframed laminates.
Sparse regularized learning in the reproducing kernel banach spaces with the \begin{document}$ \ell^1 $\end{document} norm

We present a sparse representer theorem for regularization networks in a reproducing kernel Banach space with the \begin{document}$ \ell^1 $\end{document} norm by the theory of convex analysis. The theorem states that extreme points of the solution set of regularization networks in such a sparsity-promoting space belong to the span of kernel functions centered on at most \begin{document}$ n $\end{document} adaptive points of the input space, where \begin{document}$ n $\end{document} is the number of training data. Under the Lebesgue constant assumptions on reproducing kernels, we can recover the relaxed representer theorem and the exact representer theorem in that space in the literature. Finally, we perform numerical experiments for synthetic data and real-world benchmark data in the reproducing kernel Banach spaces with the \begin{document}$ \ell^1 $\end{document} norm and the reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces both with Laplacian kernels. The numerical performance demonstrates the advantages of sparse regularized learning.
Present-day dynamic and residual topography in Central Anatolia

S U M M A R Y The Central Anatolian orogenic plateau is represented by young volcanism, rapid plateau uplift and distinctive (past and active) tectonic deformation. In this study, we consider observational data in terms of regional present-day geodynamics in the region. The residual topography of Central Anatolia was derived to define the regional isostatic conditions according to Airy isostasy and infer the potential role of ‘dynamic topography’. 2-D thermomechanical forward models for coupled mantle-lithosphere flow/deformation were conducted along an N–S directional profile through the region (e.g. northern/Pontides, interior and southern/Taurides). These models were based on seismic tomography data that provide estimates about the present-day mantle thermal structure beneath the Anatolian plate. We compare the modelling results with calculated residual topography and independent data sets of geological deformation, gravity and high surface heat flow/widespread geothermal activity. Model results suggest that there is ∼1 km of mantle flow induced dynamic topography associated with the sublithospheric flow driven by the seismically inferred mantle structure. The uprising mantle may have also driven the asthenospheric source of volcanism in the north (e.g. Galatia volcanic province) and the Cappadocia volcanic province in the south while elevating the surface in the last 10 Myr. Our dynamic topography calculations emphasize the role of vertical forcing under other orogenic plateaux underlain by relatively thin crust and low-density asthenospheric mantle.
Pedagogical Approaches for an Effective Classroom Management

This study aimed to find out the pedagogical approaches for effective classroom management. The study is also undertaken to explore the teacher's opinions on effective classroom management. The study has addressed the research question ''how teachers can effectively manage a classroom with a wide range of learning abilities and styles, in a student-centered way''. It is adopted the qualitative research design. Qualitative data were taken from in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis and verbatim analysis have been done. Data were analyzed on the themes of student-centered classroom management, reactive and proactive classroom management strategies, cooperative discipline, culturally responsive teaching teacher’s role, and classroom management. The study's findings entail that a well-managed classroom is a powerful motivator for students’ learning. Reactive and proactive classroom, cooperative and collaborative learning atmosphere, culturally responsive teaching and learner-friendly teaching by the teacher, has been identified as the pedagogical approaches for effective classroom management. Based upon the findings, it can be suggested that the school principals should constantly organize seminars and workshops for teachers to get them aware of effective classroommanagement techniques. The study further implies a constant need to introduce and use new-classroom-management behaviors from the side of teachers.
About Big Data Platform of Electrical Power System

Along with the construction of intelligent power grid and the contin‐ uous expansion of it, power systems produce large amounts of data, it is partic‐ ularly important to integrate, analysis and process, and traditional data processing technology is difficult to meet the demand. The technology of big data injects new vitality to the development of intelligent power system, in the area of power system mastering the key technology of big data for the sustainable development of the electric power industry and the establishment of a strong smart grid is of great significance. Firstly, this paper does research about the key technology and processing scheme due to big data in power system. Secondly, it explores big data in power system based on cloud computing architecture.
University of Birmingham Tracing the sources and microbial degradation of PCBs in field sediments by a multiple-line-of- evidence approach including compound-specific stable isotope analysis

• Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. • Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. • User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (? ) • Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain.
Characterization and application of Bragg-edge transmission imaging for strain measurement and crystallographic analysis on the IMAT beamline

This paper presents a series of experiments to characterize the performance of the new IMAT beamline at the ISIS pulsed neutron source and provides examples to showcase the potential applications of Bragg-edge transmission imaging on the instrument. The characterization includes determination of the IMAT spectral and spatial resolutions through calibration measurements, and also determination of the precision and the accuracy of Bragg-edge analysis for lattice parameters of ceramics, metals and textured engineering alloys through high-temperature measurements. A novel Bragg-edge analysis method based on the cross-correlation of different Bragg edges has been developed to provide an estimate of the change in lattice parameter, which is especially useful for measurements of textured samples. Three different applications of the Bragg-edge transmission imaging technique are presented, including strain mapping, texture mapping and obtaining crystallographic information,i.e. the dependence on temperature of the Debye–Waller factor. The experimental results demonstrate the ability of the IMAT beamline to provide accurate strain measurements with uncertainties as low as 90 µ∊ with reasonable measurement time, while characteristic materials parameters can be mapped across the sample with a spatial resolution of 300–600 µm for a strain map and down to ∼90 µm for a texture map.
Evaluating Adhesion Strength of Biological Molecules to Nanofabricated Substrates

Our research efforts are aimed at developing a new class of nanoscale mechanical devices powered by biomolecular motors. Currently, advanced techniques are being employed for creating nanofabricated substrates that provide precise positioning and orientation of the biomolecular motors. High-velocity laminar flow tests were used to evaluate the chemical bonding strength of His-tagged microspheres to gold, copper, and nickel substrates. All three substrates served as efficient media for binding His-tagged microspheres. Chemical bonding strength, however, increased from gold, to unoxidized copper, to nickel. Because of its superior bonding strength and routine application in nanofabrication, nickel is the best suited for further development of biomolecular motorpowered, nanomechanical systems.
Effects of Partial Hepatectomy on Transplanted Hepatocytes1

When hepatocytes are injected into the fat pads of syngeneic rats, they behave like clonogenic units and proliferate to form nodules at the site of transplantation. The probability of for mation of nodules was quantitated by use of the serial dilution assay. When hepatocytes are injected into hepatectomized hosts, the probability of formation of nodules is enhanced 8fold. There is a slight decrease in the initial rate of disappear ance of hepatocytes transplanted into hepatectomized hosts, but the percentage of hepatocytes that remain at the site of injection after 6 days is the same for both recipient types. Hepatectomy in the recipient animals is accompanied by a parallel increase in DMA synthesis and mitosis in the hepato cytes at the transplantation site. The probability of clone for mation was found to be inversely proportional to the time between host hepatectomy and hepatocyte transplantation. The implication of these findings for the mode of action and the nature of the hepatectomy stimulus is discussed.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) The Role of the Epinephrine Test in the Diagnosis and Management of Children Suspected of Having Congenital Long QT Syndrome

The epinephrine test has been shown to be a powerful tool to predict the genotype of congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS). The aim of this study was to evaluate its role in the diagnosis and management of LQTS in children. The test (using the Shimizu protocol) was conducted in patients with some evidence of LQTS but in whom clinical and management decisions were challenging (n = 41, age 9.6 ± 3.9 years, 19 female). LQT1, LQT2, and negative responses to epinephrine were obtained in 16, 5, and 20 subjects, respectively. LQTS gene positivity was obtained in two subjects. Beta-blocker therapy was started in all subjects with a positive epinephrine response (n = 21) and in some negative responders because of their strong LQTS phenotype (n = 10). No therapy was given to the subset with less convincing features of LQTS who had also responded negatively to epinephrine (n = 10). Follow-up for 3.0 ± 2 years was uneventful in both management groups. Due to the discordance with genotyping, the epinephrine test cannot be used to diagnose genotypepositive LQTS but when used in combination with phenotype assessment and genetic screening, it could enable better management decisions.
The biological bases of and epidemiological evidence for the contribution of fetal and postnatal growth to body composition: a review

Objectives:to present the biological bases of and epidemiological evidence for fetal and postnatal growth in relation to size and body composition. Methods: a search of papers published in the last 15 years was carried out in the Lilacs, SciELO, and Medline databases using the key words: growth, fetal growth restriction, low birth weight, catch-up growth, body composition, body mass index and hormones. The studies were selected according to relevance to the evidence to be analyzed. Results: the articles show the influence of intrauterine growth restriction on the suppression of thermogenesis and hormonal regulation, which in turn interfere with weight gain after birth, and explain how both processes, fetal growth restriction and rapid postnatal weight gain influence body measurements in later life, with consequences that might affect generations. Conclusions: fetal growth influences the pattern of postnatal growth due to several factors related to hormone regulation, but there is still a gap on the contribution of the combination of fetal growth and postnatal size to body composition in later life.
Competition, Incomplete Discrimination and Versioning

Producers of software viewers commonly oﬀer basic versions of their products for free while more sophisticated versions are highly priced, thereby providing less attractive or lower valuations consumers with larger utility levels. We give some foundations to this outcome called versioning. We consider a duopoly in which ﬁrms oﬀer diﬀerentiated goods to a representative consumer; the buyer has distinct marginal valuations for the quality of the products; each producer perfectly knows the consumer’s taste for its own product, but remains uninformed about its taste for the rival’s product. When each product cannot be purchased in isolation of the other one, a phenomenon of endogenous preferences arises since a ﬁrm’s oﬀer to the consumer depends on the information unknown by the rival ﬁrm. Multiple equilibria emerge and the consumer’s rent increases with his valuation for one product and decreases with the valuation for the other product. By contrast, when each product can be purchased in isolation of the other one, at the unique equilibrium consumers with larger valuations for a product earn higher rents. The analysis is undertaken under two alternative pricing policies: in the partially-discri-minatory case, producers make use of the known information only; in the fully-discriminatory case, each producer second-degree price discriminates the consumer according to the unknown information. We show that, sometimes, ﬁrms prefer partial to full discrimination, i.e., strategic ignorance of consumers’ tastes for the rival brand softens competition.
Interest Rate Risk , Term Spreads , and the Mortgage Contract Term immediate January 31

Borrowers of a mortgage can choose between fully bearing the interest rate chance risk and paying a term spread to be protected against fluctuating mortgage rates. By using a one-period model, we study the choice between a fully adjustable mortgage and a fully fixed-rate mortgage. Furthermore, we examine with a life cycle model whether a mortgage is best broken down into several shortto-medium-term FRMs – a common form in various mortgage markets but only rarely analyzed in research. We are among the first to demonstrate that borrowers with high risk aversion, nonamortizing mortgages, a large mortgage, and a low probability of moving are better off with long-term contracts. Our results show that amortizing mortgages are best broken down into several contracts with the optimal contract term generally declining as the mortgage ages. Initial contracts may be shorter than following contracts, only if borrowers expect to benefit from decreasing interest rates. For non-amortizing mortgages, a fully FRM is superior, unless interest rates are expected to decrease significantly.
Title : Respiration rates and active carbon flux of mesopelagic fishes ( Family Myctophidae ) in the 1 Scotia Sea , Southern Ocean 2

8 Mesopelagic fish have recently been highlighted as an important, but poorly studied component of 9 marine ecosystems, particularly regarding their role in the marine pelagic food webs and 10 biogeochemical cycles. Myctophids (Family Myctophidae) are one of the most biomass-dominant 11 groups of mesopelagic fishes, and their large vertical migrations provide means of rapid transfer of 12 carbon to the deep ocean where it can be sequestered for centuries or more. In this study, we 13 develop a simple regression for the respiration rate of myctophid fish using literature-based wet 14 mass and habitat temperature data. We apply this regression to net haul data collected across the 15 Scotia-Weddell sector of the Southern Ocean to estimate respiration rates of the biomass-dominant 16 myctophid species. Electrona carlsbergi, Electrona antarctica and Gymnoscopelus braueri made a 17 high contribution (up to 85%) to total myctophid respiration. Despite the lower temperatures of the 18 southern Scotia Sea (-1.46 to 0.95 °C), total respiration here was as high (reaching 1.1 mg C m d) 19 as in the warmer waters of the mid and northern Scotia Sea. The maximum respiratory carbon flux 20 of the vertically migrating community was 0.05-0.28 mg C m d, equivalent to up to 47% of the 21 gravitational particulate organic carbon flux in some parts of the Scotia-Weddell region. Our study 22 provides the first baseline estimates of respiration rates and carbon flux of myctophids in the 23 Southern Ocean. However, direct measurements of myctophid respiration, and of mesopelagic fish 24 generally, are needed to constrain these estimates further and incorporate these fluxes into carbon 25 budgets. 26
Double layer antireflection coating for performance enhancement of few layers graphene/n- silicon Schottky barrier solar cells

Few layers graphene films have been grown by chemical vapor deposition and transferred onto n-type crystalline silicon wafers to form graphene/n-silicon (G/n-Si) Schottky barrier solar cells (SBSCs). In order to improve the performances of this type of cells and increase the conversion efficiency we have used molecular doping of graphene and an antireflection treatment which reduces the reflection of sunlight on the top of the cell. In particular we have realized few layers G/n-Si SBSC and deposited, for the first time on a graphene topped device, a double layer antireflection coating (DARC). The implementation of DARC completed cell structure has been favored thanks to the use of a novel graphene transfer procedure which resulted capable of maintaining intact and continuous the structure of graphene films on the device active area, without tears or cracks. The measured external quantum efficiency (EQE) is the highest ever reported for this type of devices (up to 90% across the visible and near infrared region) allowing to obtain a power conversion efficiency of 8.5%, with a 100% enhancement compared to the uncoated device. Moreover we have also found that the optical properties of the antireflection coating are not degraded by the exposition to nitric acid (HNO3), which p-dopes graphene, and remain stable over prolonged periods of time.
Adsorption of gold nanoparticles on silicon substrate and their application in Surface Enhancement Raman Scattering

Gold nanoparticles were synthesized by using sodium citrate and they were deposited on silicon wafer by immersion and by solvent evaporation methods. Silicon wafers was functionalized for the first method and a template of colloidal silica was used in the second one. Scanning electron microscopy shows a homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles on the surface for the immersion method and a self-assembly of gold nanoparticles forming clusters with different sizes in the solvent evaporation one. Rhodamine 6G at concentrations as lower as 10 −7 M was used to characterize the Surface Enhanced Raman scattering on surfaces prepared by both methods. The largest enhancement of Raman signal was observed for those substrates prepared by solvent evaporation where clusters were formed. Such enhancement is attributed to the intense electromagnetic field produced by plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles deposited on a surface.
POMOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROFILING OF DATE FRUITS ( PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L . ) DURING DIFFERENT FRUIT MATURATION PHASES

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is an important part of human diet due to the impressive panel of sugars, polyphenols, antioxidants and essential elements. In this study, ten elite indigenous Pakistani date palm cultivars were characterized for their fruit morphological and biochemical traits at three fruit ripening stages. Results depicted significant distinction in size, shape and fruit dimensions during their different softening patterns. Moreover, the moisture contents, soluble protein contents, total phenolic contents (TPC), antioxidant activity (AA), specific activity of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were high at khalal stage, followed by rutab stage, and lowest at tamar stage. On the converse, pH and reducing sugars (glucose and fructose) increased up to the full-ripe stage in all the investigated cultivars. Pearson’s test was also established in fruit morphological parameters and sugar components. The disparity in nutritional composition mainly depended on the type of cultivar and fruit maturation stages. Our findings revealed that the indigenous date palm germplasm was the potential source of sugar contents and variety of antioxidants and could possibly be used as functional food components.
Snowmelt Water Alters the Regime of Runoff in the Arid Region of Northwest China

Seasonal snowmelt water from mountainous areas is critical for water supply in arid regions. Snowmelt profoundly affects the parameterization of the Budyko framework, which describes the long-term relationship between precipitation and runoff. This is true in Xinjiang, a representative arid region in Northwest China. However, the effects of snowmelt water on the water balance in this region remain unclear. Based on observed runoff data in 64 catchments of Xinjiang during 2000–2010, we analyzed the effects of meltwater in the local water balance both spatially and temporally through the Budyko curve and redundancy analysis (RDA) methods, and then investigated the influences of changing meltwater on runoff. Inclusion of snowmelt water into the item of the water availability significantly improved the performance of the Budyko equation for predicting runoff. The results of RDA showed that snowmelt water, potential evaporation (PET), and rainfall combined explained 66% of the spatial variations in runoff, while the individual effects of snowmelt water, PET, and rainfall were 19%, 13%, and 1%, respectively, with the interactions among the three variables being 16%. These results suggest that the accelerating changes of meltwater due to climate warming will significantly alter the regimes of runoff in these regions.
MIESENHEIM IV ( RHINELAND , GERMANY )

Four accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) facilities undertook an interlaboratory exercise designed to examine the reliability and reproducibility of radiocarbon determinations on bone by dating a sample of elk (Alces alces) from Miesenheim IV. This specimen is derived from a secure geological context directly beneath the Laacher See tephra, which provides a precise terminus ante quem of ~11,060 yr BP (~13,050 cal yr BP). Regrettably, the results of the intercomparison exercise were complicated by evident contamination of the bone sample by exogenous organic material. This contaminant, probably humic acid, resulted in a wide span of ages (10,010 ± 30 to 11,100 ± 45 BP). The only method that yielded an accurate determination, consistent with the age of the tephra, was Oxford’s single amino acid technique, which targets hydroxyproline. An acid hydrolysis step seems to have been crucial in breaking the bonds between the bone collagen and the contaminant.