Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dielectric loss induced excess momentum and anomalous spin of light

Fresnel-Snell law is violated if there exists dielectric loss in transmitted media. To overcome this problem, we extend angle of refraction from real number to complex. By this 'complex-angle approach' we analyse light on interface between lossy dielectrics and lossless dielectrics. We reveal that dielectric loss open the iso-frequency curve of the transmitted light in wavenumber space, while the curve is closed in the lossless condition ('Lifshitz transition' of light). Once this transition occurs, the momentum of the light exceeds the maximum in the case of lossless interfaces, and anomalous transverse spin emerges. This novel state of light produced by dielectric loss will pave the way for new-generation optical trapping and manipulation.
milk fat and the effects on milk fatty acid composition in dairy cows

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the transfer efficiency of α-linolenic acid (ALA) from the abomasum into milk fat, its interaction with milk fat content and yield, and the relationship between ALA and C16:0 in milk fat. Three rumen-fistulated multiparous Holstein cows at midlactation were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. Treatments consisted of abomasal infusion of (1) 110 mL of water/d (control), (2) 110 mL of flaxseed oil/d (low flaxseed oil, LFO), and (3) 220 mL of flaxseed oil/d (high flaxseed oil, HFO). Experimental periods were continued for 2 wk and fat supplements were infused abomasally during the last 7 d of each period. Average dry matter intake and milk yield were not affected by oil infusion. Milk fat and lactose content tended to be greater with flaxseed infusion compared with the control. Plasma ALA was 2.9-and 4.0-fold greater with LFO and HFO, respectively. The apparent transfer efficiency of ALA to milk was 44.8 and 45.7% with LFO and HFO, respectively. The C16:0 content in milk fat was decreased by 3.59 and 5.25 percentage units, whereas the ALA content was increased by 1.68 and 3.09 percentage units with LFO and HFO, respectively. Similarly, C18:2n-6 was increased by 0.95 and 1.31 percentage units with LFA and HFO, respectively, without changes in other fatty acids (FA). Total polyunsaturated FA was 4.4 and 2.7% lower in the HFO and LFO, respectively, than in the control. Furthermore, C16:0 content in the milk fat was reduced to a greater extent than the increase in ALA content, as a 1.68 and 3.09 percentage unit increase occurred in ALA compared with a 3.6 and 5.25 percentage unit decrease in C16:0 for LFO and HFO, respectively, such that a negative correlation existed between ALA and C16:0 (r = −0.72). In conclusion, abomasal infusion of flaxseed oil dramatically increased the ALA content in plasma and milk fat. Because the replacement of C16:0 with ALA and C18:2n-6 occurred without changes in other FA presumed to be synthesized de novo in the mammary gland, this suggests that the preformed C16:0 was replaced, rather than being caused, by an overall suppression of de novo FA synthesis in the mammary gland.
Unveiling Challenging Cases in Text-based Recommender Systems

In this paper we challenge the standard ways of how text-based recommender systems are trained and evaluated. We highlight the necessity of focusing on long-tail users and items, as those are the cases where the text-based prediction can potentially win over collaborative filtering methods. We also raise concerns of choosing datasets and data preparation for recommender training and evaluation. Finally, we reconsider the issue of how recommenders are evaluated, and propose drilling-down into different groups of users and items, as well as search-based evaluation as an alternative to solely measuring a global metric for context-free test points.
The Importance Of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) For Child Development

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LMPIC), such as those of the n-3 family, represented by eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have relevant physiological and biochemical functions in human metabolism and health. DHA, specifically, is a key nutrient for childhood growth and development because of its primary role in the formation and functioning of the central nervous system and retina in humans. DHA is present in important quantities almost exclusively in foods such as seafood (fish, shellfish, micro and macroalgae) and also, in smaller quantities, in meat, milk, and eggs. It is known that the ingestion of aquatic foods during the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period was a watershed in human evolution. In addition to the evolutionary importance of DHA for our species, recent research has established that n-3 PUICLPs are of immense importance in both pregnancy and early childhood, where DHA plays an important role in the development and function of the brain and eyes of infants and children. Deficiency of PUICLs (n-6 and n-3) correlates with impaired cognitive and behavioral performance in children. Thus, nutrition with DHA during pregnancy and lactation represents a critical stage for the child's brain and eye development, and a balanced and varied diet is of utmost importance for the nursing mother, for transmission to the infant through exclusive breastfeeding, or in infant feeding since the introduction of complementary foods. In case these are not the case, supplementation may be necessary, due to the importance of this micronutrient
specific micRoRnas aRe diffeRentially expRessed in labouRing and non-labouRing human myometRium at teRm

) and immunostained for smooth muscle actin [SMA]. Smooth muscle and elastin content were then assessed using Photoshop image analysis. 3 biopsies were taken from each of 4 hysterectomy specimens to assess intra-subject variability. Results The proportion of both smooth muscle and elastin content of cervical biopsies showed a wide variation (5–47% and 9–47%, SMA and elastin, respectively). Furthermore, there was considerable intra-subject variability with as much as a 2.4 fold difference in SMA content. Both SMA and elastin content correlated with biopsy compliance (R = 0.3, p < 0.01, and R = 0.4, p < 0.01 respectively). Conclusion The biomechanical properties of human cervical biopsies are influenced by the smooth muscle and elastin content of the specimen. Histological and biomechanical characteristics of human cervical biopsies cannot be assumed to be reliably representative of the whole specimen. These findings may explain why previous studies have failed to find a relationship between biopsy characteristics and clinical history.
Media Contribution in Transfer of Power in Nepal

Land locked Himalayan Kingdom of Nepal was known for relative isolation and state controlled media access and exposure until late twentieth century. The limited print and electronic media produced and distributed within the kingdom was fairly restrictive though news papers and magazines, radio and television signals were received without much restrictions from the neighboring countries particularly from India. Other countries like China also broadcast Nepal focused information and news. On the turn of the twenty first century, Nepal’s cultural and political scene have taken revolutionary path in which kingship has been replaced by democratic order. The aim of the paper is to discuss and analyzed the contribution of media in achieving transfer of power to people. The paper is based on the first hand interaction with Nepal media persons and available secondary data on the growth and development of media in Nepal and political events. Radio broadcast in Nepal started in April 1951. At that time, radio coverage was small and limited to Kathmandu-the capital and surrounding valley. Radio Nepal since then has grown both in terms of infrastructure and broadcasting time. Added to it has been expansion of “community radio” often used for political campaigns. Television arrived in mid eighties in Kathmandu and rapidly expended its coverage. In spite of several political upheavals and turmoil gradually private entrepreneurs took over media within Nepal. Youth within Nepal and emigrants to other parts of Asia provided continuous information that contributed to influence the struggle for democratic power to people.
Demand for Skills in Canada: The Role of Foreign Outsourcing and Information-Communication

This study examines the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) and of foreign outsourcing on the demand for skilled workers. One of the defining features of the Canadian economy in the last two decades has been an increasing wage gap between more-and less-skilled workers. Over the same period, there have been dramatic increases in expenditures on information and communication technologies and in purchases of foreign intermediate inputs. Using data for 84 Canadian manufacturing industries over the 1981-1996 period, we find that both ICT and foreign outsourcing are important contributors to the demand for skills.
Anal Carcinoma in Patients with Crohn's Disease: Three Cases Report and Literature Review

Background: Anal cancer in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) is rare, and the relationship between infliximab and anal cancer is not clear yet. The present study aimed to report three patients with CD complicated with anal cancer who used infliximab with their basic features. Case presentation: Three cases were reported, including two females and one male, aged 29-56 years old. All of them developed perianal lesions during the period of Crohn's disease. All three patients had used infliximab for Crohn's disease before the diagnosis of anal cancer, except one patient who stopped using infliximab three times due to allergy; the other two patients had used infliximab until the diagnosis of anal cancer. Two patients had a good prognosis with early therapeutic intervention. Conclusion: Based on the results, Chinese and Western patients with Crohn's disease who developed anal carcinoma had similar features. Conventional perianal evaluation is important in patients with Crohn's disease. The association between infliximab therapy and anal cancer has not been fully established and needs to be fully evaluated before the use of infliximab in Crohn's disease
Machine Learning with Applications

Automatic log file analysis enables early detection of relevant incidents such as system failures. In particular, self-learning anomaly detection techniques capture patterns in log data and subsequently report unexpected log event occurrences to system operators without the need to provide or manually model anomalous scenarios in advance. Recently, an increasing number of approaches leveraging deep learning neural networks for this purpose have been presented. These approaches have demonstrated superior detection performance in comparison to conventional machine learning techniques and simultaneously resolve issues with unstable data formats. However, there exist many different architectures for deep learning and it is non-trivial to encode raw and unstructured log data to be analyzed by neural networks. We therefore carry out a systematic literature review that provides an overview of deployed models, data pre-processing mechanisms, anomaly detection techniques, and evaluations. The survey does not quantitatively compare existing approaches but instead aims to help readers understand relevant aspects of different model architectures and emphasizes open issues for future work.
Crop improvement for sustainable agriculture

Conventional agriculture has attempted to exploit arable land by applying chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation water. These practices become increasingly tenuous as they exhaust our supplies of fossil fuels, deplete aquifers and raise concerns about the safety of food and the overall effect of agriculture on the quality of rural life. The contributors to this volume believe that instead of changing the environment, we can change the adaptation of the plants that we grow in it. Genetic improvement of crop plants for stress conditions and for less favorable environments is a cost-effective way to develop future sustainable agricultural systems. There area number of favorable genetic traits that can be incorporated into crop plants, thus making them more hardy and more productive. Eighteen noted researchers currently working in plant breeding and related fields bring together the best thinking about achieving crop improvement especially the development of new genetic combinations to create a sustainable agriculture.
Research Division Federal Reserve Bank of St . Louis Working Paper Series Neighborhood Income Inequality

This paper offers a descriptive empirical analysis of the geographic pattern of income inequality within a sample of 359 US metropolitan areas between 1980 and 2000. Specifically, we decompose the variance of metropolitan area-level household income into two parts: one associated with the degree of variation among household incomes within neighborhoods defined by block groups and tracts and the other associated with the extent of variation among households in different neighborhoods. Consistent with previous work, the results reveal that the vast majority of a city’s overall income inequality at least three quarters is driven by within-neighborhood variation rather than between-neighborhood variation, although we find that the latter rose significantly during the 1980s, especially between block groups. We then identify a number of metropolitan area-level characteristics that are associated with both levels of and changes in the degree of each type of residential income inequality. JEL Classification: D31, R23, J10
Research Division Federal Reserve Bank of St . Louis Working Paper Series The Price Puzzle and Indeterminacy in an Estimated DSGE Model

We extend Lubik and Schorfheide’s (2004) likelihood-based estimation of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models under indeterminacy to encompass a sample period including both determinacy and indeterminacy by implementing the change-point methodology (Chib, 1998). The most striking finding about the indeterminacy regime, which is estimated to coincide with the Great Inflation of the 1970s, is that it exhibits the price puzzle, in that the inflation rate rises immediately and in a sustained manner following a positive interest rate shock. Thus, the price puzzle might have been a genuine phenomenon under indeterminacy, rather than a false finding to be excised through specification search and parameter restrictions. JEL classification: E31, E32, E42, E58
Transmission line icing thickness prediction model based on ISSA-CNN-LSTM

The prediction of transmission line ice cover thickness can effectively guide the scientific operation and maintenance of the power sector. An improved sparrow search algorithm, convolutional neural network and long short-term memory fusion ice cover prediction model is proposed in this paper. Environmental temperature, humidity, wind speed and other data are firstly normalised, CNN is used to both learn the data signature as well as input the results into LSTM, and then ISSA is used to optimise the parameters of LSTM such as the numeration of the neuron, the initial learning rate, and the regularisation coefficient, etc., and then the final output is the predicted value of the icing thickness of the transmission line cover. The simulation results show that the MSE and MAE of the ISSA-CNN-LSTM model are 0.23 and 0.37, respectively, which are much better than the prediction results of the SSA and CNN models.
Reduction of the coherent betatron oscillations in a muon g-2 storage ring experiment using RF fields

On Kim,1, 2 Meghna Bhattacharya,3 SeungPyo Chang,1, 2 Jihoon Choi,1 Jason D. Crnkovic,4 Sudeshna Ganguly,5 Selcuk Hacıömeroğlu,1, ∗ Manolis Kargiantoulakis,6 Young-Im Kim,7 Soohyung Lee,1 William M. Morse,4 Hogan Nguyen,6 Yuri F. Orlov,8 B. Lee Roberts,9 Yannis K. Semertzidis,1, 2 Vladimir Tishchenko,4 Nam H. Tran,9 and Esra Barlas Yucel5 Institute for Basic Science, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, Daejeon, 34051, South Korea Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea University of Mississippi, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 38677, MS, USA Brookhaven National Laboratory, Physics Department, Upton, 11973, NY, USA University of Illinois, Department of Physics, Urbana, 61820, IL, USA Fermilab, Particle Physics Division, Batavia, 60510, IL, USA Korea University, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul, 136-701, South Korea Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, 14853, NY, USA Boston University, Physics Department, Boston, 02215, MA, USA (Dated: December 3, 2019)
Working Paper 121 Taxing Agricultural Income in the Global South: Revisiting Uganda’s National Debate

agricultural suppliers, beginning with the largest firms. This paper summarises early debates on taxation of the agriculture sector, before turning to the contemporary context of Uganda. The paper includes a discussion of some URA investigations that have begun the process of identifying high income-earners in the sector. The paper next outlines some potential strategies Uganda could pursue to tax the agriculture sector more fairly. The paper concludes with a discussion about overcoming the strongest political resistance to agricultural taxation, and a series of recommendations for the way forward.
Regular form-based sliding mode control design on a two-wheeled inverted pendulum

: In this paper, a Lagrangian-based dynamics is employed for a Two-wheeled Inverted Pendulum with the consideration of unknown matched and unmatched uncertainties which are bounded by known nonlinear functions. The model is linearised and further transformed into a regular form to facilitate the analysis and design. A sliding surface is designed, and a set of conditions is developed such that the resulting sliding motion is uniformly ultimately bounded from a practical perspective. Further, a sliding mode control scheme is proposed such that the system is driven to the sliding surface in ﬁnite time and maintained on it thereafter. Finally, both simulation and experiment are presented using practical model parameters data to demonstrate the eﬀectiveness and robustness of the regulation control.
Clinicians’ Perception of Inmates’ Satisfaction With Mental Health Services

A growing body of literature addresses the mental health needs of prison inmates; however, very little research has examined mental health services among this population. Based on the Behavioral Model of Health Services Use (Andersen Model), the current study examined clinicians’ perception of inmates’ satisfaction with mental health services. The study’s main objective was to identify the effect of three major groups of predictor variables (predisposing, enabling, and need) on clinicians’ perception with inmates’ satisfaction with mental health services. The study utilized an exploratory, survey methodology. Although only a few variables were found to be statistically significant in the multivariate analyses, the findings of the study are a significant step in beginning to understand satisfaction of mental health services by inmates. The link between satisfaction and treatment outcome has great significance in the correctional environment, where staff and inmates may tend to see each other as adversaries.
Defining microglial-synapse interactions

Description The brain’s resident macrophages have many roles beyond synaptic pruning Innate immune pathways play important roles in brain health and disease, and microglia, the dominant immune cells of the brain, are essential partners in this process. The discovery that synaptic proteins are found in microglia was an important step in reaching this conclusion because it suggested that microglia affect synaptic connectivity and thereby brain function (1, 2). Notably, some of the same molecular mechanisms that promote microglial engulfment during development also restrict excitatory synapse numbers. This inverse correlation could be conservatively interpreted to mean that microglia contribute to the elimination of synapses, either directly or indirectly. Instead, it is frequently assumed that microglia eliminate synapses by active engulfment—a process often called “microglial synapse pruning. ” We propose that this model of microglial function is only one of many that are consistent with current data.
Human computer interaction for development (HCI4D): implementing reformation/design opportunities for support and care coordination in Nigerian prisons

The paper highlights opportunities for Human Computer Interaction for Development (HCI4D) in a Prisons context. Firstly, it explored video education as complement for reformative and rehabilitative programmes in Nigerian Prisons Service (NPS). Secondly, it presents the results of a preliminary user study for the development of a mobile collaborative application used in supporting and caring for prison inmates. We hope that an underrepresented and under-resourced institution such as NPS that holds the rejected of the society can benefit from HCI technology and approaches.
Association of waist circumference with risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes in Nigerians, Jamaicans, and African-Americans.

OBJECTIVE Prior studies have supported that waist circumference correlates better with visceral adipose tissue and is a better predictor of cardiovascular disease than are BMI and waist-to-hip ratio. In this study, we reexamine the role of waist size on the risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes in African-origin populations from three contrasting environments. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted of 5,042 men and women 25-74 years of age from Nigeria, Jamaica, and the U.S. The relationship between waist, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose was assessed using multiple linear regression analyses. Logistic regression analyses using sex-specific empirical waist cut-points were used to determine the risks of hypertension and type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Waist circumference was positively correlated with blood pressure and fasting blood glucose (P < 0.05). Increasing waist quartiles were significantly associated with higher risks of hypertension in the three populations, as estimated from age-adjusted odds ratios obtained from sex-specific logistic regression models. A highly elevated risk of type 2 diabetes-10-fold for Jamaican men and 23-fold for African-American women-was observed in the comparison of lowest to highest quartiles of waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS Substantial reduction in hypertension and diabetes in men and women is achievable if the waist size is decreased in these populations. Intervention programs designed to reduce waist circumference through lifestyle modification, including exercise and diet, may have significant public health significance in reducing the incidence of hypertension and adult-onset diabetes in these populations.