Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Broadband high gain cavity resonator antenna using planar electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) superstrate

Abstract This paper presents a broadband miniaturized Fabry–Perot cavity resonator antenna (CRA) made of novel electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) superstrate as partially reflecting surface (PRS) and reactive impedance surface (RIS) backed rectangular patch antenna. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the proposed EBG exhibits the highest stopband bandwidth (BW) with a bandgap existing between 7.37 and 12.4 GHz (50.9%). Frequency-selective property of the EBG is utilized under plane wave incidence to demonstrate it as PRS superstrate in CRA antenna. The cavity is excited with a rectangular microstrip antenna which is made of two dielectric substrates with an additional RIS layer sandwiched between them. The RIS provides wideband impedance matching of the primary feed antenna. A 7 × 7 array of the EBG superstrate is loaded over the patch antenna having an overall lateral dimension of only 45 × 45 mm2 or 1.62 λ0 × 1.62 λ0 where λ0 is the free space wavelength at the center frequency of 10.8 GHz. The proposed Fabry–Perot CRA (FP-CRA) achieves gain enhancement of 6.59 dB as compared with the reference antenna and has a 10 dB return loss BW of 23.79% from 10.07 to 12.79 GHz. A prototype of the FP-CRA is fabricated and experimentally tested with single and dual layers of EBG superstrate. Measured results show BWs of 21.5 and 24.8% for the two cases with peak realized gain of 12.05 and 14.3 dBi, respectively. Later a four-element antenna array with corporate feeding is designed as the primary feed of the CRA. The simulation result shows a flat gain of >13 dBi with gain variation <1.2 dB over the impedance BW of 13.2%.
Fixation dynamics of beneficial alleles in prokaryotic polyploid chromosomes and plasmids

Theoretical population genetics has been mostly developed for sexually reproducing diploid and for monoploid (haploid) organisms, focusing on eukaryotes. The evolution of bacteria and archaea is often studied by models for the allele dynamics in monoploid populations. However, many prokaryotic organisms harbor multicopy replicons – chromosomes and plasmids – and theory for the allele dynamics in populations of polyploid prokaryotes remains lacking. Here we present a population genetics model for replicons with multiple copies in the cell. Using this model, we characterize the fixation process of a dominant beneficial mutation at two levels: the phenotype and the genotype. Our results show that, depending on the mode of replication and segregation, the fixation time of mutant phenotypes may precede the genotypic fixation time by many generations; we term this time interval the heterozygosity window. We furthermore derive concise analytical expressions for the occurrence and length of the heterozygosity window, showing that it emerges if the copy number is high and selection strong. Replicon ploidy thus allows for the maintenance of genetic variation following phenotypic adaptation and consequently for reversibility in adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions.
Everyday limits to adaptation

Adaptation to climate change, in terms of both academic and policy debates, has been treated predominantly as a local issue. This scalar focus points towards local agency as well as the contested responsibilisation of local actors and potential disconnects with higher-level dynamics. While there are growing calls for individuals to take charge of their own lives against mounting climatic forces, little is known about the day-to-day actions people take, the many hurdles, barriers, and limits they encounter in their adaptation choices, and the trade-offs they consider envisaging the future. To address this gap, this article draws on 80+ interviews with urban and rural residents in Western Australia to offer a nuanced analysis of everyday climate adaptation and its limits. Our findings demonstrate that participants are facing significant adaptation barriers and that, for many, these barriers already constitute limits to what they can do to protect what they value most. They also make visible how gender, age, and socioeconomic status shape individual preferences, choices, and impediments, revealing compounding layers of disadvantage and differential vulnerability. We argue that slow and reflexive research is needed to understand what adaptation limits matter and to whom and identify opportunities to harness and support local action. Only then will we be able to surmount preconceived neoliberal ideals of the self-sufficient, resilient subject, engage meaningfully with ontological pluralism, and contribute to the re-politicisation of adaptation decision making.
Medical Students’ Attitude Towards Robotic Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Introduction The robotic surgery and procedures are increasing worldwide. It is unknown whether medical students are well prepared for their future exposure to such technology. Objectives This study aimed to explore the knowledge and attitude of medical students from Saudi Arabia (SA) towards the robotic surgery. Methods We performed a cross-sectional survey of medical students at different colleges of medicine in SA. A web-based self-administered questionnaire using google forms was completed over a 2-month period starting on June 2021. Comparison between those with and without background about robotic surgery was performed. Results A total of 239 medical students from both governmental (46%) and private colleges (54%) responded to the questionnaire. 51.9% were interested in the surgical field and 37.7% considered themselves tech-savvy persons. Only (22.6%) had previous background about robotic surgery mainly from internet. Many (63.2%) showed positive attitude towards robotic surgery and expected that using robots will improve surgical outcomes. 48.5% of the students expected that patients in SA will not accept the robotic surgeries. Some (51.1%) concerned that robots could replace the surgeons and could make them less professional. Many believed that SA should invest and expand the robotic surgeries (69.1%). Students with background in robotic surgery had significantly younger median age (p < 0.030), earlier academic years (p < 0.001), higher GPA (p < 0.025), and more tech-savvy personality (p < 0.000) compared to those without background. Conclusion Most medical students are unaware of robotic surgery, but they have positive attitude with some concerns. Young students who consider themselves tech-savvy persons are in a better position, but they access their knowledge from internet rather than from their medical education. Medical curricula and residency training program should take these findings into consideration for preparing the future surgeons in SA.
Multi-Omics Integration and Network Analysis Reveal Potential Hub Genes and Genetic Mechanisms Regulating Bovine Mastitis

Mastitis, inflammation of the mammary gland, is the most prevalent disease in dairy cattle that has a potential impact on profitability and animal welfare. Specifically designed multi-omics studies can be used to prioritize candidate genes and identify biomarkers and the molecular mechanisms underlying mastitis in dairy cattle. Hence, the present study aimed to explore the genetic basis of bovine mastitis by integrating microarray and RNA-Seq data containing healthy and mastitic samples in comparative transcriptome analysis with the results of published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using a literature mining approach. The integration of different information sources resulted in the identification of 33 common and relevant genes associated with bovine mastitis. Among these, seven genes—CXCR1, HCK, IL1RN, MMP9, S100A9, GRO1, and SOCS3—were identified as the hub genes (highly connected genes) for mastitis susceptibility and resistance, and were subjected to protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and gene regulatory network construction. Gene ontology annotation and enrichment analysis revealed 23, 7, and 4 GO terms related to mastitis in the biological process, molecular function, and cellular component categories, respectively. Moreover, the main metabolic-signalling pathways responsible for the regulation of immune or inflammatory responses were significantly enriched in cytokine–cytokine-receptor interaction, the IL-17 signaling pathway, viral protein interaction with cytokines and cytokine receptors, and the chemokine signaling pathway. Consequently, the identification of these genes, pathways, and their respective functions could contribute to a better understanding of the genetics and mechanisms regulating mastitis and can be considered a starting point for future studies on bovine mastitis.
Cooperative Effect of Noncovalent Interactions on Tetrel Bonding in Halogenated Silanes.

Tetrel bond, a weak noncovalent interaction between the σ -hole of a Group IV element (Silicon in our case) and the cloud of an electronegative element (Oxygen in our case) is the focus of current work. The percentage strengthening of tetrel bond has been investigated by optimising 16 binary complexes of halogenated silane and water of general formula SiX n H 4 - n - H 2 O and 16 ternary complexes, of general formula NaX - SiX n H 4 - n -H 2 O, where X =F, Cl, Br and I and n = 1, 2, 3 and 4 at various levels of theory defined within the formalism of density functional theory (DFT). With the addition of NaX, tetrel bond between Si and O in SiX n H 4 - n - H 2 O gets strengthened up to 49%, owing to cooperativity effect exerted by hydrogen bonding between X and H in the ternary complex NaX - SiX n H 4 - n - H 2 O. In the series of complexes studied here, overall stabilization due to cooperativity lies between 10 kJ/mol to 170 kJ/mol. This large extent of reinforcement due to cooperativity has never been showcased before. The exceptional stabilization and reinforcement owe its genesis to the transformation of the ternary complex into a cluster orchestrated by the H-bonding in most of the cases and covalent bonding in few of the cases.
New Trends in Melanoma Detection Using Neural Networks: A Systematic Review

Due to its increasing incidence, skin cancer, and especially melanoma, is a serious health disease today. The high mortality rate associated with melanoma makes it necessary to detect the early stages to be treated urgently and properly. This is the reason why many researchers in this domain wanted to obtain accurate computer-aided diagnosis systems to assist in the early detection and diagnosis of such diseases. The paper presents a systematic review of recent advances in an area of increased interest for cancer prediction, with a focus on a comparative perspective of melanoma detection using artificial intelligence, especially neural network-based systems. Such structures can be considered intelligent support systems for dermatologists. Theoretical and applied contributions were investigated in the new development trends of multiple neural network architecture, based on decision fusion. The most representative articles covering the area of melanoma detection based on neural networks, published in journals and impact conferences, were investigated between 2015 and 2021, focusing on the interval 2018–2021 as new trends. Additionally presented are the main databases and trends in their use in teaching neural networks to detect melanomas. Finally, a research agenda was highlighted to advance the field towards the new trends.
Cholinesterase Inhibitors Used for the Management of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is defined as a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that has lately become the top reason for dementia in the elderly population (usually above 60-65 years). As mentioned before, most AD cases are sporadic and have a late onset. This disease is characterized by impairment of higher cognitive functions like deficits in memory, language comprehension, coordination, etc. The primary pathophysiology behind Alzheimer’s disease is loss of cholinergic innervation due to the formation of neuritic (senile) amyloid-beta plaques and tau protein-containing neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in parts of the brain associated with memory functions. These neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and amyloid β plaques can cause the induction of other aetiologies of Alzhedisease-likes like neuroinflammation and central hyperexcitability. The brain's main regions affected by Alzheimer’s disease are the neocortex, the basal nucleus of Meynert, and the hippocampus. These areas are associated with higher cognitive functions like memory, arousal, attention, sensory processing, etc. Thus, cholinesterase inhibitors have been widely used as first-line drug therapy for symptomatic relief in Alzheimer’s disease. They function by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase or catabolizing it and henceforth enhancing synaptic availability of Acetylcholine. The commonly prescribed drugs of this class include donepezil, galantamine, physostigmine, metrifonate, and rivastigmine. This article will discuss the widely used cholinesterase inhibitors (old & new) for managing AD symptoms in detail.
Ccdc38 is required for sperm flagellum biogenesis and male fertility in mouse

Sperm flagellum is essential for male fertility, defects in flagellum biogenesis are associated with male infertility. Deficiency of CCDC42 is associated with malformation of the mouse sperm flagella. Here, we find that the testis-specific expressed protein CCDC38 (coiled-coil domain containing 38) interacts with CCDC42 and localizes on manchette and sperm tail during spermiogenesis. Inactivation of CCDC38 in male mice results in distorted manchette, multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF) of spermatozoa, and eventually male sterility. Furthermore, we find that CCDC38 interacts with intra-flagellar transport protein 88 (IFT88) as well as the outer dense fibrous 2 (ODF2), and its depletion reduces the transportation of ODF2 to flagellum. Altogether, our results uncover the essential role of CCDC38 during sperm flagellum biogenesis, and suggesting the defects of these genes might be associated with male infertility in human being. Summary statement We demonstrated that CCDC38, localizes on manchette and sperm tail, is crucial for male fertility.
A Novel Approach on the Advancement in Polymer Phase Change Material in Solar Energy

A wide interest has been shown in the application of solar energy in recent times. This motivated the researchers to make a development in the approach of solar energy, but there are different technologies like MPPT, CPG, and grid mode that have been used to maintain a constant temperature. Among these, phase change material has been used to regulate the temperature in the system. Solar energy is becoming an essential approach for increasing the efficiency of thermal energy conversion and utilizing polymeric step change composites, which have attracted extremely large interest in recent years due to their advantages of high energy density and powerful energy output stability. A plethora of reviews and reports have been published to compile the diverse range of PCMs made available for various applications. PCMs are created by improving thermophysical thermodynamic stability, latent heat, and heat capacity. Furthermore, the possible applications of polymer phase PCMs in a variety of fields, such as energy storage devices, thermal corrective action, and temperature-controlled drug carriers, are detailed. In this paper, a novel approach on the advancement of nanoconfined phase change material is defined along with the application of the solar energy system.
InSAR Constrained Downdip and Updip Afterslip Following the 2015 Nepal Earthquake: New Insights into Moment Budget of the Main Himalayan Thrust

We use ALOS-2 and Sentinel-1 data spanning 2015–2020 to obtain the post-seismic deformation of the 2015 Mw 7.8 Nepal earthquake. ALOS-2 observations reveal that the post-seismic deformation was mainly distributed in four areas. A large-scale uplift deformation occurred in the northern subsidence area of the co-seismic deformation field, with a maximum uplift of ~80 mm within 4.5 yr after the mainshock. While in the southern coseismic uplift area, the direction of the post-seismic deformation is generally opposite to the co-seismic deformation. Additionally, two notable deformation areas are located in the region around 29° N, and near the MFT, respectively. Sentinel-1 observations reveal post-seismic uplift deformation on the north side of the co-seismic deformation field with an average rate of ~20 mm/yr in line-of-stght. The kinematic afterslip constrained by InSAR data shows that the frictional slip is distributed in both updip and downdip areas. The maximum cumulative afterslip is 0.35 m in downdip areas, and 0.2 m in the updip areas, constrained by the ALOS measurements. The stress-driven afterslip model shows that the afterslip is distributed in the downdip area with a maximum slip of 0.3 m during the first year after the earthquake. Within the 4.5 yr after the mainshock, the estimated moment released by afterslip is ~1.5174 × 1020 Nm,about 21.2% of that released by the main earthquake.
Relationship of the Presence of Lingual Concavity and Mandibular Canal Location: A Retrospective Two-Center Study

Aim: To evaluate the possible relationship between the position of the mandibular canal (MC) on digital panoramic images (PI) and the presence of a lingual concavity (LC) on Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans in two different populations. Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, the digital archives of a private imaging center in Turkey and at The Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) in Netherlands patients who had both panoramic and CBCT images, taken between January 2016 and June 2016 due to various indications. A total of 248 patients were assessed. MC position was defined on digital panoramic radiographs; the presence of LC was assessed on CBCT images. In all statistical methods, p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Mc Nemar test and the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis (AZ), were performed for data analysis. Results: Considering all patients, the presence of LC was 28% and 31% for the left and right premolar regions and 75% and 77% for the left and right molar regions, respectively. There was no significant difference between right and left sides and between the Turkish and Dutch populations with respect to the presence of LC. Considering all patients, the presence of a LC was higher in the molar region than in the premolar region for both right and left sides with a statistical significance (p<0.001). Conclusions: The higher percentages of LC in the molar region in both populations suggests that a preoperative local CBCT assessment is justified specifically before implant placement in the mandibular molar region. The location of the MC on the PI was not a very strong indication of the presence of a LC.
Gestión de la energía dietaría en la reducción de costo de alimentación en la producción de huevos

Precios altos del maíz y soya incrementa en más de 30% el costo de la dieta. La energía metabolizable (EM) es el componente clave de dicho costo. Reevaluar el nivel de EM permite definir el óptimo consumo de alimento y energía para mejorar el costo de alimentación. El objetivo fue determinar el efecto de tres niveles de EM sobre la respuesta productiva, calidad de huevo y margen sobre costo de alimentación de gallinas de postura. Se utilizaron 192 gallinas de la línea DEKALB de 80 semanas de edad, bajo un Diseño completo al Azar. Los niveles de EM: 2650, 2750 y 2850 Kcal/Kg, con cuatro repeticiones. Se evaluó la respuesta productiva, calidad de huevo y margen sobre costo de alimentación. Para los análisis estadísticos se usó el procedimiento GLM de SAS v 9.4. La calidad de huevo no fue afectada. El consumo de alimento aumento significativamente (P<0.05) conforme se redujo el nivel de EM en la dieta. La ganancia de peso vivo fue mayor con el nivel más bajo de EM. El margen sobre el costo de alimentación para masa de huevo fue más alto con el nivel de 2650 Kcal de EM/Kg con una retribución económica +6.99%.
Characterizing Protein Protonation Microstates Using Monte Carlo Sampling

Proteins are polyelectrolytes with acidic or basic amino acids making up ≈25% of the residues. The protonation state of all Asp, Glu, Arg, Lys, His and other protonatable residues, cofactors and ligands define each protonation microstate. As all of these residues will not be fully ionized or neutral, proteins exist in a mixture of microstates. The microstate distribution changes with pH. As the protein environment modifies the proton affinity of each site the distribution may also change in different reaction intermediates or as ligands are bound. Particular protonation microstates may be required for function, while others exist simply because there are many states with similar energy. Here, the protonation microstates generated in Monte Carlo sampling in MCCE are characterized in HEW lysozyme as a function of pH and bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs) in different reaction intermediates. The lowest energy and highest probability microstates are compared. The ΔG, ΔH and ΔS between the four protonation states of Glu35 and Asp52 in lysozyme are shown to be calculated with reasonable precision. A weighted Pearson correlation analysis identifies coupling between residue protonation states in RCs and how they change when the quinone in the QB site is reduced.
Mediterranean Diet Social Network Impact along 11 Years in the Major US Media Outlets: Thematic and Quantitative Analysis Using Twitter

Background: Media outlets influence social attitudes toward health. Thus, it is important that they share contents which promote healthy habits. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk. Analysis of tweets has become a tool for understanding perceptions on health issues. Methods: We investigated tweets posted between January 2009 and December 2019 by 25 major US media outlets about MedDiet and its components as well as the retweets and likes generated. In addition, we measured the sentiment analysis of these tweets and their dissemination. Results: In total, 1608 tweets, 123,363 likes and 48,946 retweets about MedDiet or its components were analyzed. Dairy (inversely weighted in MedDiet scores) accounted for 45.0% of the tweets (723/1608), followed by nuts 19.7% (317/1608). MedDiet, as an overall dietary pattern, generated only 9.8% (157/1608) of the total tweets, while olive oil generated the least number of tweets. Twitter users’ response was quantitatively related to the number of tweets posted by these US media outlets, except for tweets on olive oil and MedDiet. None of the MedDiet components analyzed was more likely to be liked or retweeted than the MedDiet itself. Conclusions: The US media outlets analyzed showed reduced interest in MedDiet as a whole, while Twitter users showed greater interest in the overall dietary pattern than in its particular components.
Instrument Development for R-Service Quality: A Literature Review

Motivated by a paucity of knowledge on the measurement of robotic service (r-service) quality, the current study strives to review the existing literature on r-service quality, with a focus on the potential methodological issues of developing measurement instruments and identifying the dimensionality of r-service quality. With a content analysis of 55 articles, this study identifies several methodological limitations of existing studies in developing measurement scales of r-service quality. This review reveals that dimensions of r-ser-vice quality are prone to be contingent on specific contexts of service industry and service type. Several common dimensions regarding evaluating r-service are identified, including tangibility, responsiveness, reliability, empathy, assurance, ease of use/usability, usefulness, anthropomorphism, perceived intelligence, and social presence. This study is the first systematic literature review on r-service quality dimensionality.