Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Output Force at the Endpoint in Human Upper Extremities and Coordinating Activities of Each Antagonistic Pairs of Muscles.

Control properties exerted at the wrist joint of human upper extremity were analyzed in terms of control engineering as well as electromyographic (EMG) kinesiology. Analyses were performed on the antagonistic pairs of the mono-articular shoulder and elbow muscles and the antagonistic pairs of bi-articular muscles, under the isometric condition with the submaximal as well as maximal efforts. Activity muscular pattern with the maximal effort showed a tightly coordinating activity pattern among the three pair of antagonistic muscles. Under the submaximal force levels, the tight coordination pattern getting loose and showed widely varied patterns. Some loose coordination patterns could control only limited range of output force directions. The existence of coordination control among the three pair of antagonistic muscles contributed to the position/force control and the stiffness control at the endpoint of the extremity.
Associations between women’s empowerment, care seeking, and quality of malaria care for children: A cross-sectional analysis of demographic and health surveys in 16 sub-Saharan African countries

Background Fever and malaria are highly prevalent among children under five across sub-Saharan Africa, but utilization and quality of care for febrile illness remain insufficient. Many studies examine socioeconomic and demographic determinants of care seeking; however, few assess how women’s empowerment influences care seeking and quality. We examine associations of women’s empowerment with: a) care utilization for children with fever and malaria and b) the quality of that care in 16 sub-Saharan African countries. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2010 and 2018. We constructed indices for economic, educational, sociocultural, and health-related empowerment and calculated the proportion of children with fever and malaria who sought care and received a range of recommended clinical actions. We used multivariable Poisson hurdle models to assess associations between empowerment, utilization, and number of components of quality care, controlling for socioeconomic and demographic factors. Results Our sample consisted of 25 871 febrile children, 4731 of whom had malaria diagnosed by rapid diagnostic test. Empowerment among mothers of children with fever was 0.50 (interquartile range, 0.38-0.63). In both the fever and malaria groups, over 30% of children were not taken for care. Among care seekers, febrile children received on average 0.47 (SD = 0.37) of components of quality care, and children with malaria received 0.38 (SD = 0.34). Multidimensional women’s empowerment was significantly associated with care seeking and quality among febrile children, and with quality among children with malaria. Associations persisted after adjustment for socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Conclusions Results demonstrate substantial gaps in women’s empowerment and poor utilization and quality of care for fever and malaria among children. Increased women’s empowerment is associated with seeking care and, separately, obtaining high-quality care. To improve health outcomes, consideration of how empowering women can promote care seeking and extract quality from the health system is warranted.
Novel Discrete-time Passivity-based Sliding Mode Control Strategy for Current-source Inverter

Based on the nonlinear control theory,this paper presented a novel control strategy based on passivity-based control(PBC) and discrete-time sliding-mode control(SMC) which is applied to controlling a current-source inverter(CSI) system.The proposed control strategy not only maintains the good robustness and dynamic performance of the two control methods,but also overcomes the chatting problem of PBC.The basic theory and dynamic modeling of CSI were presented.The analysis and design of passivity-based sliding-mode controller(PB-SMC) had been presented detailedly.Comparing SMC with PBC,a doable selection of the damping assignment was presented using the comparability of their control laws expressions.Finally,experimental results for output current 0～16 A(peak-peak) and frequency 0～1 000 Hz inverter demo were included to validate the proposed control strategy can ensure the system with improved steady-state precision and well dynamic performances.
Area optimizations in fpga architecture and cad

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are an increasingly popular implementation medium for digital circuits. An FPGA is a prefabricated piece of silicon that can be configured by the user to implement any digital circuit. This ability enables them to offer two key advantages over other implementation technologies: low cost and fast time-to-market. However, the flexibility they offer comes at a steep price. Circuits implemented in FPGAs are three times slower and ten times larger than an equivalent circuit implemented using standard cells or mask programmed gate arrays. This dissertation presents area optimizations in FPGA architecture and CAD. The primary focus is on a new area efficient adaptive FPGA (AFPGA) architecture. An AFPGA is obtained from an FPGA by replacing a fraction of the configuration SRAM with adaptive SRAM whose functionality changes in response to changes in a control signal. Adaptive programmable structures (logic elements, multiplexers, and routing switches) are produced wherever adaptive SRAM is used, and the resulting structures can be shared by two subcircuits that are not required to "exist" simultaneously. To support the new architecture, a new CAD flow is proposed and a set of CAD tools are developed. A step called adaptation is introduced after technology mapping, but before packing, and helps identify subcircuits that can share a set of adaptive resources. Adaptation is shown to reduce circuit size by 28%. The packing problem for AFPGAs is shown to be quite different from FPGAs, and a new packing algorithm is developed. Finally, a tool that estimates the effects of clustering, placement, and routing on an AFPGA circuit is developed, and is used in conjunction with an area model to determine the area benefits of AFPGAs. Using the tool, AFPGAs are shown to reduce area by 8--14% compared to a similar FPGA architecture for cluster sizes with between 4 and 10 BLEs per cluster. A secondary focus is on the area efficiency of the technology mapping step in a traditional FPGA CAD flow. An iterative technology mapping algorithm is presented, and is shown to produce depth optimal solutions that are 12--18% smaller than those produced by two leading academic technology mappers. Furthermore, the algorithm is shown to produce solutions that are 8--14% smaller than those produced by optimal duplication free mapping.
Image Representation on Curved Optimal Triangulation

Image triangulation aims to generate an optimal partition with triangular elements to represent the given image. One bottleneck in ensuring approximation quality between the original image and a piecewise approximation over the triangulation is the inaccurate alignment of straight edges to the curved features. In this paper, we propose a novel variational method called curved optimal triangulation, where not all edges are straight segments, but may also be quadratic Bézier curves. The energy function is defined as the total approximation error determined by vertex locations, connectivity and bending of edges. The gradient formulas of this function are derived explicitly in closed form to optimize the energy function efficiently. We test our method on several models to demonstrate its efficacy and ability in preserving features. We also explore its applications in the automatic generation of stylization and Lowpoly images. With the same number of vertices, our curved optimal triangulation method generates more accurate and visually pleasing results compared with previous methods that only use straight segments.
Application of motor capacitors to improve facility power usage in the industrial setting

Application of Motor Capacitors to Improve Facility Power Usage in the Industrial Setting. (August 2005) William Jeffrey Hillhouse, B.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Prasad Enjeti As deregulation of the electric power system in the United States unfolds, many customers are experiencing changes in their billing rate structure. Some face the addition of power factor penalty tariffs, and seek ways to minimize the added burden. The installation of entrance capacitor banks is the common response, but fails to take complete advantage of capacitor abilities. Other project designs exist that can harness these advantages to the full benefit of the customer. This work will show that distributing shunt capacitors in parallel with induction motors will elevate power factor and voltage, and also decrease ohmic losses in the wiring and protection devices that supply the motor. This reduction often produces a better overall economic solution due to energy savings. The distribution of capacitors at induction motors reduces the reactive current in the branch of the distribution system that supplies them. A reduction in the total current flowing to the motor along the distribution system results in smaller losses throughout the system. As losses diminish, the total real power drawn through the distribution system is lessened, and electric bills are reduced. This alternative to entrance capacitor banks is not as commonly implemented. A misconception that the resistance in facility distribution systems is relatively low has discouraged distributed motor capacitor installation for overall facility power factor correction, in favor of entrance capacitor banks. We will show that the resistance in the distribution system is higher than
Consider the tumor: Brain tumors decrease punishment via perceptions of free will

ABSTRACT Two experiments tested the hypothesis that neurological abnormalities decrease punishment by decreasing perceptions of free will. Experiment 1 found that a brain tumor decreased punishment for criminal behavior by decreasing perceptions of the afflicted criminal’s free will. This effect was stronger for liberal and non-religious participants than for conservative and religious participants. Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1 and additionally found that a brain tumor decreased perceptions of the afflicted criminal’s conscious decisions and true self, thereby decreasing perceptions of his free will, thereby decreasing his punishment. Collectively, these results suggest that neurological abnormalities decrease punishment by decreasing perceptions of free will, especially among liberals and non-religious people. These results also suggest that neurological abnormalities decrease perceptions of free will – and ultimately decrease punishment – by decreasing perceptions of conscious decisions and the true self.
Method for detecting residual thickness of electric collector shoe of metro linear motor vehicle based on deep learning

At present, the wear of the electric collector shoe sliders of subway vehicles is mainly detected by naked eyes or simple rulers. There are problems such as low efficiency and low acquisition, and it is different to meet the needs of engineering applications. In this regard, this paper proposes a method for detecting the thickness of the electric collector shoe slider by the deep learning. First, establish the collector shoe slider dataset for the segmentation neural network method; second, use the attention mechanism and sub-pixel variable layer to optimize and train the original DeepLabV3 + neural network; finally, the optimized neural network and the traditional neural network method are used for comparative experts. The results show that the method proposed in this paper can significantly import the acquisition of the wear detection of the collector shoe slider.
Thin shell demons for dental scan registration

We demonstrate the application of the Thin Shell Demons (TSD) surface registration algorithm in registering the dental scans obtained from intra-oral scanners (IOS) and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in a semi-automatic manner. The reconstructed dentition obtained from CBCT lacks the accuracy for diagnosis and appliance fabrication that IOS provides. Current methods to register IOS to CBCT typically use Iterative Closest Point (ICP) but suffer from a lack of precision and accuracy. TSD registration has previously been shown to produce superior registration results in presence of missing patches and holes. In this work, for the first time we share its application in dental scan registration. We perform experiments on dental surface meshes obtained from CBCT and IOS for two patients who have undergone orthognathic surgery. Our method first registers the IOS mesh with the CBCT mesh using ICP. To obtain tight alignment of the tooth surface, we perform a refinement using the TSD registration. We quantify the improvement in registration by measuring the distance between the closest points present on the surface of six teeth in the IOS and CBCT meshes. Compared to using only ICP registration, TSD decreases the mean surface distance between patches and significantly improves the alignment. We also share qualitative results that clearly demonstrate the improvement due to TSD. For wide adoption and ease of access, we also share a publicly available Thin Shell Demons implementation in C++ under the open source image processing library Insight Toolkit (ITK). Python wrapping of the code is also made available. The code is available at the url: https://github.com/InsightSoftwareConsortium/ITKThinShellDemons.
Research on jellyfish detection in cold source sea area of nuclear power plant based on high-resolution multibeam acoustic imaging

The occurrence of cold source blockage in nuclear power plant not only affects the safety of power production, but also brings challenges to nuclear safety. Cold source reliability has become another important bottleneck restricting the development of nuclear power. Based on the consideration of improving the cold source safety of nuclear power plants, this paper studies the intrusion events of several typical marine organisms in nuclear power bases at home and abroad, analyzes the causes of the events, establishes a defense system in depth for marine organisms, identification, detection, early warning and hierarchical response, and uses underwater acoustic high-resolution multibeam detection method to detect marine organisms such as jellyfish and hairy shrimp, so as to obtain their echo characteristics, analyze its distribution density in sensitive sea areas, and give effective early warning judgment. Among them, detection and early warning is the front-end disposal measure, which can provide emergency decision support for staff. Through the development and test of corresponding key equipment, the industrial safety risk is reduced, so as to improve the reliability of cold source.
Segmentation Method of Magnetic Tile Surface Defects Based on Deep Learning

Magnet tile is an essential part of various industrial motors, and its performance significantly affects the use of the motor. Various defects such as blowholes, break, cracks, fray, uneven, etc., may appear on the surface of the magnet tile. At present, most of these defects rely on manual visual inspection. To solve the problems of slow speed and low accuracy of segmentation of different defects on the magnetic tile surface, in this paper, we propose a segmentation method of the weighted YOLACT model. The proposed model uses the resnet101 network as the backbone, obtains multi-scale features through the weighted feature pyramid network, and performs two parallel subtasks simultaneously: generating a set of prototype masks and predicting the mask coefficients of each target. In the prediction mask coefficient branch, the residual structure and weights are introduced. Then, masks are generated by linearly combining the prototypes and the mask coefficients to complete the final target segmentation. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves 43.44/53.44 mask and box mAP on the magnetic tile surface defect dataset, and the segmentation speed reaches 24.40 fps, achieving good segmentation results.
The Electrical Engineering Handbook Series

and Automation Society. ISA is an international. nonprofit, technical organization that fosters advancement in the theory, design, manufacture, and use of sensors, instruments, computers, and systems for measurement and control in a wide variety of applications. For more information, visit www.isa. org or call (919) 549-841 1. Catalog record is available from the Library of Congress This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the authors and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording. or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The fee is subject to change without notice. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works. or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copying. ' h d e m a r k Nolice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation, without intent to infringe.
The progressive routes for carbon capture and sequestration

The global warming is directly related to the increased greenhouse gas emissions from both natural and anthropogenic origins. There has been a drastic rise in the concentration of CO2 and other greenhouse gases since the industrial revolution primarily due to the intensifying consumption of fossil fuels. With the need to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate global warming certain strategies relating to carbon capturing and sequestration are indispensable. This paper comprehensively describes several physicochemical, biological and geological routes for carbon capture and sequestration. The trend of the increase in greenhouse gases over the years is illustrated along with the global statistics for fossil fuels usage and biofuels production. The physicochemical carbon capturing technologies discussed include absorption, adsorption, membrane separation and cryogenic distillation. The algal and bacterial systems, dedicated energy crops and coalbed methanogenesis have been vividly explained as the biological routes for carbon sequestration. The geological carbon sequestering route centers on biochar application and oceanic carbon storage. A systematic survey has been made on the origin and impact of greenhouse gases along with the potential for sequestration based on some fast‐track and long‐term sequestration technologies.
Learning Progression–Based Assessments: A Systematic Review of Student and Teacher Uses

This systematic review examined evidence of the utility of learning progression (LP)–based assessments to inform teaching and student learning in classroom contexts. Fifty-nine studies met inclusion criteria and were analyzed against four research questions. Evidence highlighted their potential for supporting judgments about learning, informing instructional and learning decisions, and improving teacher learning and development. Although 23 studies measured student achievement, reporting positive overall effects, only 6 adopted the experimental designs necessary for causal claims. Using LP-based assessment for formative purposes was well supported. Limited evidence was found regarding summative and accountability uses. Findings show that LP-based assessment design and use requires trade-offs relating to standardization and scale. Teachers need opportunities for negotiation when making judgments and integrating LP-based assessments into existing curriculum and policy contexts. Future research should examine student use of LP assessments and find a balance between standardization and customization to meet the needs of diverse learners and local contexts.
How ‘Local’ are Action Plans submitted by Open Government Partnership Local Participants?

This paper asks, “Are the action plan commitments of Open Government Partnership (OGP) Local Program participants designed to address locally identified problems in a way that is responsive to their unique technological, organizational and contextual envir onments? ” To answer this question, document analysis is used to critically examine the OGP Local Action Plans to assess whether unique contextual characteristics influence the application of broad open government tenets within individual commitments. In addition, a Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA) lens is employed to determine whether action plans address locally relevant problems and construct viable and measurable solutions in collaboration with local stakeholders. This analysis allows for the identification of commonalities in the conceptualization and application of open government as well as providing a window into how local context (geographic, social, political, economic, technological) and institutional environment influences the nature, scope and characteristics of implementation.
Regulatory Spillover and Workplace Racial Inequality

This article suggests that regulations targeting the U.S. public sector may influence racial inequality in the private sector. Since the 1990s, nine states have banned affirmative action practice in public universities and state governments. I theorize that although these bans have no legal jurisdiction over private-sector firms, they could influence such firms normatively. After such a ban, executives who have been skeptical of Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) policies may feel more normative license to reduce commitment to EEO practices. Using a difference-in-differences estimation on 11,311 firms from 1985 to 2015, I find that the bans are indeed associated with slower racial progress in private-sector firms: after a state adopts the affirmative action ban, growth in the proportion of Black managers in establishments with corporate headquarters in that state slows by more than 50 percent, and this slowdown is mostly concentrated in firms with politically conservative CEOs. These findings suggest a mechanism for the persistence of racial inequality and show that regulations can influence actors well beyond legal jurisdictions.
Pre‐filtration followed by slow double‐layered filtration: Media clogging effects on hydraulic aspects and water quality

This study evaluated clogging effects on head loss and water quality in sand prefiltration columns, followed by innovative double‐layered slow‐filter filtration technology using anthracite coal and sand. The study was divided into two phases. Phase 1 (filtration rate 11 m3/m2·d) had a layout of a pre‐filter (PF) system followed by a slow filter (SF). In Phase 2 (filtration rates of 5.5 and 11 m3/m2·d), two PF systems (PF1 and PF2) followed by SFs (SF1 and SF2) were monitored, be differed only by filtration rate. Phase 1 presents a mean turbidity removal of 45.6% in PF and 23.9% in SF. PF presented a lower head loss in the superficial layers of the filter media, whereas SF presented a more important contribution in the deeper layers of the bed. In Phase 2, the mean results obtained for turbidity removal in PF1 and SF1 were 84.7% and 22.4%, in that order. PF2 and SF2 promoted mean reductions of 84.5% and 22.0%, respectively. Greater clogging is observed in the PF's surface layers, whereas the SFs dissipate greater clogging with depth. Filtration rates and water quality were similar in filter media of different compositions.