Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Learning to Read Changes the Listening Brain

Reading acquisition reorganizes existing brain networks for speech and visual processing to form novel audio-visual language representations. This requires substantial cortical plasticity that is reflected in changes in brain activation and functional as well as structural connectivity between brain areas. The extent to which a child’s brain can accommodate these changes may underlie the high variability in reading outcome in both typical and dyslexic readers. In this review, we focus on reading-induced functional changes of the dorsal speech network in particular and discuss how its reciprocal interactions with the ventral reading network contributes to reading outcome. We discuss how the dynamic and intertwined development of both reading networks may be best captured by approaching reading from a skill learning perspective, using audio-visual learning paradigms and longitudinal designs to follow neuro-behavioral changes while children’s reading skills unfold.
Temperature and Stress Dependence of Screw Dislocation Mobility in Nb-V-Ta Alloys Using Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations

In this work we present simulations of thermally-activated screw dislocation motion in Nb-Ta-V alloys for two distinct scenarios, one where kink propagation is solely driven by chemical energy changes, i.e., thermodynamic energy differences, and another one where a migration barrier of 1.0 eV is added to such changes. The simulations have been performed using a kinetic Monte Carlo model for screw dislocation kinetics modified for complex lattice-level chemical environments. At low stresses, we find that dislocation motion in the case with no barrier is controlled by long waiting times due to slow nucleation rates and extremely fast kink propagation. Conversely, at high stress, the distribution of sampled time steps for both kink-pair nucleation and kink propagation events are comparable, resulting in continuous motion and faster velocities. In the case of the 1.0-eV kink propagation energy barrier, at low stresses kink motion becomes the rate-limiting step, leading to slow dynamics and large kink lateral pileups, while at high stresses both kink pair nucleation and kink propagation coexist on similar time scales. In the end, dislocation velocities differ by more than four orders of magnitude between both scenarios, emphasizing the need to have accurate calculations of kink energy barriers in the complex chemical environments inherent to these alloys.
Assessing the Effects of Vitamin D on Neural Network Function in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease by Measuring the Fraction Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation

Background: Recently, many studies have shown that low vitamin D (VD) levels may be related to an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Objective: To explore the relationship between PD and VD levels, as well as to analyze the effects of VD on spontaneous brain activity and explore the possible mechanism of its involvement in PD risk. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we quantified the difference in VD levels between 330 PD patients and 209 healthy controls (HC) to explore the correlation between VD and PD risk. We also acquired resting-state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) data from 46 PD patients and 21 HC. The PD patients were divided into three groups according to 25(OH)D levels: PD patients with VD deficiency (PD + VDD), PD patients with VD insufficiency (PD + VDI), and PD patients with normal VD (PD + NVD). The effect of VD status on spontaneous neuronal activity in the whole brain was analyzed by measuring the fraction amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF). Results: Compared with HC, the PD patients had lower serum 25(OH)D levels (23.60 ± 7.27 vs. 25.60 ± 5.78, P < 0.001). The 25(OH)D level may have a potential dose-dependent effect on the risk of PD (Ptrend = 0.007). A high risk of PD was associated with VD deficiency [25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL, OR = 2.319], and the lowest quartile of 25(OH)D concentration was associated with a high risk of PD (OR = 1.941). In the rs-fMRI study, PD + VDD patients had wider brain regions with altered fALFF than other PD groups when compared with the corresponding HC groups. Both PD + VDD and PD + VDI showed higher fALFF in the cuneus, left precuneus, calcarine cortex and right lingual, as well as lower fALFF in the left middle temporal gyrus. PD + VDD patients also showed higher fALFF in the left superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri, as well as the left precentral gyrus than HC. Among PD patients, there was only a statistically significant difference in fALFF between the PD + VDD and PD + NVD groups. Compared with the PD + NVD group, PD + VDD patients exhibited higher fALFF in the left precentral and left postcentral gyrus, as well as the left inferior parietal lobule. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that PD patients had lower serum VD levels than HC, and VD may have a potential dose-dependent effect on PD risk. Lower serum VD levels can affect the spontaneous neuronal activity of default-mode network (DMN) and visual pathway neurons in PD patients, providing a possible mechanism for its effect on PD risk.
Barriers, Attitudes, and Influences Towards Dietary Intake Amongst Elite Rugby Union Players

Background: Dietary intakes can impact an athletes health and performance. Although evidence exists about what an athlete should eat, an athlete's nutritional intake is influenced by many factors. The limited research available suggests the main barriers preventing optimal nutritional intakes reported by athletes are lack of time, food accessibility, poor cooking skills, costs, taste, and time spent in “off-season. ” Although these factors have been shown to influence dietary intake they remain relatively unexplored in Rugby Union. This study aimed to describe the nutritional influences on dietary intake amongst Rugby Union player's. Methods: This was a qualitative study utilising in person individual interviews with all participants. Participants were Rugby Union players (n = 30) for either a Super Rugby franchise or one of their development squads in New Zealand. Participant's undertook recorded face to face interviews, which were later transcribed. A thematic approach was used to code the transcripts by the primary coder and the themes were subsequently evaluated by the research team. Results: Childhood upbringing, organisational skills, time and food security also emerged as barriers. Body composition and sport nutrition knowledge emerged as both barriers and enablers to nutritional intake. Influence on performance was an enabler to optimal dietary intake. Fully professional rugby players have access to dietitians, whereas development and semi-professional rugby players only have limited if any access, and they were more likely to seek nutritional information via social media. Conclusion: This study suggests a need for greater nutrition education at developmental levels with an emphasis on affordable food choices, meal planning and skills for interpreting online nutrition information.
Pediatric Chronic Orofacial Pain: A Narrative Review of Biopsychosocial Associations and Treatment Approaches

Pediatric chronic orofacial pain (OFP) is an umbrella term which refers to pain associated with the hard and soft tissues of the head, face, and neck lasting >3 months in patients younger than 18 years of age. Common chronic pediatric OFP diagnoses include temporomandibular disorder, headaches, and neuropathic pain. Chronic OFP can adversely affect youth's daily functioning and development in many areas of well-being, and may be associated with emotional stress, depression, functional avoidance, and poor sleep, among other negative outcomes. In this mini-review, we will discuss common psychological comorbidities and familial factors that often accompany chronic pediatric OFP conditions. We will also discuss traditional management approaches for pediatric orofacial pain including education, occlusal appliances, and psychological treatments such as relaxation, mindfulness-based interventions, and cognitive-behavioral treatments. Finally, we highlight avenues for future research, as a better understanding of chronic OFP comorbidities in childhood has the potential to prevent long-term pain-related disability in adulthood.
Knowledge Engineering and Management: The CommonKADS Methodology

The book covers in an integrated fashion the complete route from corporate knowledge management, through knowledge analysis andengineering, to the design and implementation of knowledge-intensiveinformation systems. The disciplines of knowledge engineering and knowledge management are closely tied. Knowledge engineering deals with the development of information systems in which knowledge and reasoning play pivotal roles. Knowledge management, a newly developed field at the intersection of computer science and management, deals with knowledge as a key resource in modern organizations. Managing knowledge within an organization is inconceivable without the use of advanced information systems; the design and implementation of such systems pose great organization as well as technical challenges. The book covers in an integrated fashion the complete route from corporate knowledge management, through knowledge analysis and engineering, to the design and implementation of knowledge-intensive information systems. The CommonKADS methodology, developed over the last decade by an industry-university consortium led by the authors, is used throughout the book. CommonKADS makes as much use as possible of the new UML notation standard. Beyond information systems applications, all software engineering and computer systems projects in which knowledge plays an important role stand to benefit from the CommonKADS methodology.
Influence of Timing of Postoperative Weight-Bearing on Implant Failure Rate Among Older Patients With Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures: A Propensity Score Matching Cohort Study

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine whether immediate weight-bearing as tolerated increased the risk of implant failure and decreased functional outcomes compared with restricted weight-bearing. Methods: From January 2010 to December 2018, 1,125 consecutive patients (≥65 years) with intertrochanteric fractures were identified. Of them, 130 patients were excluded, resulting in 995 patients in final cohort (563 receiving immediate weight-bearing and 432 receiving restricted weight-bearing). Propensity score (PS) matching yielded 403 patient pairs. Primary outcome was implant failure at 12 months. Secondary outcomes were implant failure at 3 months, functional outcomes at 12 months, and time to full weight-bearing. Results: Among 806 patients who were matched by PS, the mean age was 77.8 years (SD, 7.6), and 603 patients (74.8%) were women. After matching, there was no significant difference between immediate (10.0% [39/389]) and restricted (9.1%, [35/385]) weight-bearing for implant failure at 12 months (absolute risk difference, 0.93% [95% CI, −3.26 to 5.13%]; RR, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.69 to 1.80]; p = 0.66). Additionally, no significant difference was seen for implant failure at 3 months and functional outcomes at 12 months. Patients with immediate weight-bearing had shorter time to full weight-bearing (mean [SD], 87.6 days [7.5] vs. 121.3 days [11.0]; mean difference, −33.7 [95% CI, −35.0 to −32.3]; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Among older patients with intertrochanteric fractures, receipt of immediate weight-bearing as tolerated did not increase risks of implant failure or worsen functional outcomes compared with receipt of restricted weight-bearing. However, patients receiving immediate weight-bearing had a shorter time to full weight-bearing.
Meta-Evaluating Quantitative Internal Evaluation: A Practical Approach for Developers

Within the ﬁeld of Computational Creativity, evaluation is one of the most important and more difﬁcult tasks. Sometimes evaluation is part of the creative systems themselves, becoming an internal evaluation. Being a module of a creative system, it is useful to evaluate how effective this internal evaluation is. In this paper, we propose a procedure for the (meta-) evaluation of internal evaluation modules, that allows for incremental development of both the evaluation module and the creative system, which are considered fully independent of each other. The procedure works by statistically comparing the evaluation of the average output of the generation system with the best re-sults from the same, to see if the evaluation procedure can statistically distinguish the two. We then show how to apply the procedure giving one example evaluating a module we designed to assess structural coherence in generated folk music.
Conceptualizing Human-Computer Intersubjectivity to Develop Computational Humor

Humor – as well as language in general – is by nature social and tied to a context. To better engage with context, computational humor could draw inspiration from the concept of intersubjectivity: the sharing of perspectives. This paper focuses on discussing the possible advantages of utilizing the concept of intersubjectivity to contextualize computational humor. Intersubjectivity in humor generation system design is discussed as a possible means of evaluation of the creative product, as well as a potential approach to generating more impressive humoristic content. Firstly, evaluation of computational humor has been wanting for more effective and versatile methods. To this problem, an implementation of sharing perspectives between the system and its users offers a viable solution. Secondly, approaches to humor generation are contrasted with interactive dialogue systems, to analyze how they contextualize humor. The comparisons show that well deﬁned interactive design and evaluation methods that enable perspective sharing be-tween the producer and the press would greatly beneﬁt humor-generating systems. The ﬁnal section theorizes on the possible foundations for modeling intersubjectivity in computational humor.
Punch Card Knitting Pattern Design in Collaboration with GAN

Punch card knitting codifies the different stitch patterns into binary patterns, informing the knitting machine when to change color or to generate different stitch types. This research explores the collaboration with Generative Adversarial Neural Networks (GAN) to generate new punch card pattern designs. Reflecting on the creative collaborative approach to working with artificial intelligence for design. The hypothesis is that AI can learn the basic underlying structures of the punch cards and the pattern underlying structures that is inherent to Fair Isle knitting. Using a dialectic process of curating data sets, to re-configuring data post processing, AI and human design both play a role in the creation of these new patterns. Utilizing Style GAN2, the results from these explorations offer different insights into pattern design and generate new unique designs from the latent patterns. Ultimately the designs are physically tested on a domestic knitting machine, resulting in novel fabrication methods to produce AI designs as a physical result going beyond just the typical computer-generated image.
A Survey on Hardware Solutions for Signature-Based Security Systems

Signature approach due to its exact matching is still a relevant technology used in applications like network intrusion detection systems (NIDS), antivirus, anti-spam, worm-containment and other security systems. Basing on signature approach, multi-pattern string matching technology by comparing an input data stream against a set of predefined patterns, detects malicious activities. Due to the increasing signature database size and the high throughput of today’s networks the traditional software alone solutions can no longer meet the performance requirements of such systems. Therefore, many hardware approaches are proposed to accelerate the computational-intensive pattern matching procedure. On the other hand, a developer of hardware-accelerated security system has to solve non-trivial problem of choosing the most suitable approach in each particular case. Thus, some kind of guidance is needed to facilitate this problem solving. This paper provides a comprehensive survey on the hardware solutions were proposed in this area for the past years focusing on their effectiveness and feasibility. A deep analysis of main directions of security systems hardware acceleration has done. The most promising direction based on the use of FPGA and programmable logic is more closely investigated.
A Tunable Transmitter - Tunable Receiver Algorithm for Accessing the Multichannel Slotted-Ring WDM Metropolitan Network under Self-Similar Traffic

: This paper presents an algorithm for multichannel slotted-ring topology medium access protocol (MAC) using in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks. In multichannel ring, there are two main previously proposed architectures: Tunable Transmitter - Fixed Receiver (TTFR) and Fixed Transmitter - Tunable Receivers (FTTR). With TTFR, nodes can only receive packets on a fixed wavelength and can send packets on any wavelengths related to destination of packets. Disadvantage of this architecture is required as many wavelengths as there are nodes in the network. This is clearly a scalability limitation. In contrast, FTTR architecture has advantage that the number of nodes can be much larger than the number of wavelength. Source nodes send packet on a fixed channel (or wavelength) and destination nodes can received packets on any wavelength. If there are fewer wavelengths than there are nodes in the network, the nodes will also have to share all the wavelengths available for transmission. However the fixed wavelength approach of TTFR and FTTR bring low network utilization. Because source node with waiting data have to wait for an incoming empty slot on corresponding wavelength. Therefore this paper presents Tunable Transmitter - Tunable Receiver (TTTR) approach, in which the transmitting node can send a packet over any wavelengths and the receiving node can receive a packet from any wavelengths. Moreover, the self-similar distributed input traffic is used for evaluation of the performance of the proposed algorithm. The self-similar traffic performs better performance over long duration than short duration of the Poison distribution. In order to increase bandwidth efficiency, the Destination Stripping approach is used to mark the slot which has already reached the desired destination as an empty slot immediately at the destination node, so the slot does not need to go back to the source node to be marked as an empty slot as in the Source Stripping approach. MATLAB simulator is used to evaluate performance of FTTR, TTFR, and TTTR over 4 and 16 nodes ring network. From the simulation result, it is clear that the proposed algorithm overcomes higher network utilization and average throughput per node, and reduces the average queuing delay. With future works, mathematical analysis of those algorithms will be the main research topic.
An Ordinal Consistency Indicator for Pairwise Comparison Matrix

The pairwise comparison (PC) matrix is often used to manifest human judgments, and it has been successfully applied in the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). As a PC matrix is formed by making paired reciprocal comparisons, symmetry is a striking characteristic of a PC matrix. It is this simple but powerful means of resolving multicriteria decision-making problems that is the basis of AHP; however, in practical applications, human judgments may be inconsistent. Although Saaty’s rule for the consistency test is commonly accepted, there is evidence that those so-called “acceptable” PC matrices may not be ordinally consistent, which is a necessary condition for a PC matrix to be accepted. We propose an ordinal consistency indicator called SDR (standard deviation of ranks), derive the upper bound of the SDR, suggest a threshold for a decision-maker to assess whether the ordinal consistency of a PC matrix is acceptable, and reveal a surprising fact that the degree of ordinal inconsistency of a small PC matrix may be more serious than a large one. We made a comparative analysis with some other indicators. Experimental results showed that the ordinal inconsistency measured by the SDR is invariant under heterogeneous judgment measurements with a varied spectrum of scales, and that the SDR is superior to the two compared indicators. Note that the SDR not only works for a multiplicative PC matrix but can also be used for additive and fuzzy PC matrices.
Adversarial Evolution: Competing Dynamics and Reactive Institutional Forms in Financial Services Ecosystem

In this paper we conceptually illustrate the adversarial evolution of cybercrime and cybersecurity operations in financial services ecosystem. Building upon the concept of organizational morphing and ecosystem formation, we aim to reconstruct the parallel and conflict-driven evolution of the bright and dark side of financial services. Firstly, we identify five phases from the late 90s to the post-2015 period that show the paired configuration in the morphing of the two opposing sides. Secondly, we propose a conceptual model for digital ecosystems evolution based on the mutual influence of conflicting actors. This paper is a first foundational work towards a broader instantiation of generativity through adversarial evolution of digital ecosystems.
Bi-periodically correlated random processes as a model for gear pair vibration

The model of gear pair vibration in the form of bi-periodically correlated random processes (BPCRP) that describes its stochastic recurrence with two periods is proposed. Particular cases of this model are considered. It is shown that BPCRP model allows one to analyses unequally the mean and the covariance function of the additive and multiplicative components. There are considered technologies for the estimation of the Fourier coefficients of the mean and the covariance functions.
Development of the strategy for selection of information-communication system security tools based on game theory

The mathematical dual binary game of two parties one of which was PJSC “Zborivgaz” information security system and the other were intruders attacks aimed at breaking the integrity, confidentiality or accessibility of information was performed. The strategy of selection the information-communication system security tools under the conditions of the enterprise limited budget was developed
Scientific Question Generation: Pattern-Based and Graph-Based RoboCHAIR Methods

RoboCHAIR is a system for generating scientiﬁc questions and is implemented as a web interface. We focus on generating questions which can trigger new scien-tiﬁc ideas or bring attention to the elements that need clariﬁcations. This paper extends the initial version of the RoboCHAIR’s question generation module by keeping only a selection of best evaluated templates from the initial pattern-based approach and proposes a novel method based on triplet graphs enriched with word embeddings to identify parts of text which require clariﬁ-cations by the author(s). In this paper the two methods are compared showing that the pattern-based method achieves higher scores.
Extension of Image Quilting into 3D and Its Application to Grain Generation

AbstractThe surfaces of automobile interior parts have geometrically microfabricated, which are called grain. The purpose of our research is to mill dies with grain by use of their digital data. We generate microfabricated geometry data from a CAD model of a die with an image quilting method extended into 3D and displacement mapping. With these geometry data, the die with grain is manufactured by milling.