Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mean convergence of Hermite and Laguerre series. II

(1.1) \\sn{x)U{x)\\p g C||/(x)F(x)||p where sn is the «th partial sum of a Hermite or Laguerre series for/(x), U{x) and V{x) are suitable weight functions and the norm is over ( — 00,00) in the Hermite case and over (0, 00) in the Laguerre case. Mean convergence results of the type lim,,-,«, \\[sn{x)—f{x)]U{x)\\p = 0 for every/satisfying/(x)K(x) eLp will be obtained as corollaries of these inequalities. For the convenience of readers interested primarily in the results, the main theorems proved are concentrated at the beginning of §§4 and 5. Three other results showing that these theorems are in many ways the best possible are given at the beginning of §§6 and 8. Usually inequalities of the type (1.1) are proved only when U{x)= V{x); however, as shown in [4], no such theorem can be proved for Hermite and Laguerre series for 1 á/>^4/3 or p^A if U{x)=V{x). Surprisingly, U{x) and V{x) in the results obtained, although they contain exponential factors, need never differ by more than a factor of (1 + |x|)1/3 in the Hermite case and (1 -Kr)1'6 in the Laguerre case. In the basic theorems proved for l<p<oo, Theorems 1 and 7, U{x) can always be taken equal to V{x) if 4/3 <p < A and the minimum ratio of V{x) to U{x) increases as p moves away from the interval (4/3, 4). It is also possible to make U{x)=V{x) even for 1 <p^A/3 and 4^p < 00 if a small part of the integral of snU or the integral defining sn is omitted; details of this are given in Theorems 3, 4, 9 and 10. Substitute results, Theorems 2, 5, 8 and 11, are also obtained for p=l; as usual these theorems require that |/(x)|(l+log+ |/(x)|) be integrable with a suitable weight function. Here log + x is the function that equals logx for x2:1 and is 0 otherwise. The theorems proved here are a generalization of the results of Askey and Wainger in [1] in several ways. Their result was to prove inequalities of the form (1.1) with 4/3</7<4 and U{x)=V{x) = exp{ — \x2) in the Hermite case and U{x)=V{x) = e~xl2x"12 in the case of Laguerre series of order a2:0. The results here are valid for 1 i/xoo; for Laguerre series they are valid for all a> — 1 ; and in the cases considered by Askey and Wainger it is shown that other functions can be used as the weight function.
Technological Change in Livestock Sector of Haryana

India’s livestock sector has had a significant impact on the growth of country’s economy. The contribution of this sector is estimated to be about 25 per cent of the total value of agricultural sector. It is the principal source of draught power in rural areas and provides milk, meat, eggs, wool, hides and skins, manure and fuel. This sector also plays an important role in supplementing household incomes and generating rural employment, particularly among the landless, small and marginal farmers and women, besides enriching the national food basket to the millions of people. In fact, livestock provides regular employment to 9.8 and 8.6 millions in principal and secondary status, which together constitute 5 per cent of the total work force in India (Government of India, 2000). Traditionally, farmers keep livestock in proportion to the free crop residues and family labour available in their own household production systems and convert these into food, fuel and farm power, thus making each household a virtual self-contained production system with no purchased inputs and little marketable outputs. This age-old household practice has rapidly undergone a change in recent decades, due to integration of household production systems into input as well as output markets. As a result of this gradual transition from subsistence to marketisation, the economic dimensions of livestock keeping have assumed increasing significance in household behaviour (Kurup, 2000). Haryana state has made rapid strides due to technological progress in its agricultural sector including livestock. In fact, it is famous as milk bowl state of India. Furthermore, it has been argued that technology has contributed to the growth and expansion of livestock sector, but empirical evidence is not available to support this contention. Moreover, indicators are available to measure and analyse the output and productivity changes in agriculture at disaggregated level in Haryana (Pandey et al., 1985 and 1994). However, for livestock sector the output changes are only available at the all-India level (Kumar and Pandey, 1999). Accordingly, efforts have
Effect of HLA matching on renal transplant survival.

: 1. HLA matching had a significant impact on cadaveric renal allograft survival. The difference in graft survival rates between the best- and worst-matched recipients among the 30,139 first cadaver transplants was 11% at one year, 19% at 3 years, and a projected 32% at 10 years posttransplant (p < 001). 2. Kidneys with no HLA antigens mismatched to the recipient yielded a superior result compared with any other match level. The one- and 3-year graft survival rates were 89% and 83% at one and 3 years, respectively. Even a single HLA antigen mismatch resulted in substantially poorer survival rates of 84% and 72% at one and 3 years (p < 0.001, each comparison). Nevertheless, there was a stepwise decline in graft survival with increasing numbers of mismatched HLA antigens. 3. The number of HLA-matched first cadaver transplants performed has increased from 2% of the total in 1987 to 6% in 1992, as a result of the national 6-antigen-match sharing program instituted by UNOS in 1987 and expanded to include phenotypically matched kidneys in 1990. 4. The incidence of early graft rejection episodes correlated with the number of HLA antigens mismatched. Only 12% of the zero-mismatched recipients experienced early rejection, whereas 26% of those with 5 or 6 antigens mismatched had rejection episodes during the transplant hospitalization (p < 0.01). 5. Transplants performed at the top 20 United States centers (based upon multivariate ranking) showed a strong effect of HLA matching, especially with respect to long-term outcome. The survival difference between the best- and worst-match groups was 9% at one year, 16% at 3 years, and a projected 25% at 10 years (p < 0.05). 6. Similarly, the survival difference between the best- and worst-matched groups at the bottom 20 centers was 16% at one year, 22% at 3 years, and a projected 36% at 10 years (p < 0.01). The bottom 20 centers apparently placed more emphasis on matching. Transplants with fewer than 3 mismatched antigens accounted for 34% of first cadaver transplants in the bottom 20, compared with 26% at the top 20 centers. 7. When all 27 possible HLA-A,B,DR mismatch combinations were examined, those involving HLA-DR mismatches had a strong influence on graft outcome at 3 months, whereas those involving HLA-B mismatches had the most influence on long-term outcome. HLA-A-locus mismatches had the smallest effect on graft outcome. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Pulvinar Regulates Information Transmission Between Cortical Areas Based on Attention Demands

The Conductor in the Thalamus The pulvinar is the largest thalamic nucleus in the brain but its functions remain unclear. The pulvinar is ideally positioned to synchronize activity across the visual cortex. Saalmann et al. (p. 753) combined diffusion tensor imaging with multi-electrode recordings from three different brain areas in monkeys to probe thalamo-cortical interactions during visual attention. The pulvinar was found to play a vital role in attention by routing behaviorally relevant information across the visual cortex. A region of the thalamus synchronizes neuronal firing in two cortical areas and thus allocates attention. Selective attention mechanisms route behaviorally relevant information through large-scale cortical networks. Although evidence suggests that populations of cortical neurons synchronize their activity to preferentially transmit information about attentional priorities, it is unclear how cortical synchrony across a network is accomplished. Based on its anatomical connectivity with the cortex, we hypothesized that the pulvinar, a thalamic nucleus, regulates cortical synchrony. We mapped pulvino-cortical networks within the visual system, using diffusion tensor imaging, and simultaneously recorded spikes and field potentials from these interconnected network sites in monkeys performing a visuospatial attention task. The pulvinar synchronized activity between interconnected cortical areas according to attentional allocation, suggesting a critical role for the thalamus not only in attentional selection but more generally in regulating information transmission across the visual cortex.
A global atlas of the dominant bacteria found in soil

A global map of soil bacteria Soil bacteria play key roles in regulating terrestrial carbon dynamics, nutrient cycles, and plant productivity. However, the natural histories and distributions of these organisms remain largely undocumented. Delgado-Baquerizo et al. provide a survey of the dominant bacterial taxa found around the world. In soil collections from six continents, they found that only 2% of bacterial taxa account for nearly half of the soil bacterial communities across the globe. These dominant taxa could be clustered into ecological groups of co-occurring bacteria that share habitat preferences. The findings will allow for a more predictive understanding of soil bacterial diversity and distribution. Science, this issue p. 320 Relatively few soil bacterial taxa dominate terrestrial ecosystems worldwide, with predictable distributions and ecology. The immense diversity of soil bacterial communities has stymied efforts to characterize individual taxa and document their global distributions. We analyzed soils from 237 locations across six continents and found that only 2% of bacterial phylotypes (~500 phylotypes) consistently accounted for almost half of the soil bacterial communities worldwide. Despite the overwhelming diversity of bacterial communities, relatively few bacterial taxa are abundant in soils globally. We clustered these dominant taxa into ecological groups to build the first global atlas of soil bacterial taxa. Our study narrows down the immense number of bacterial taxa to a “most wanted” list that will be fruitful targets for genomic and cultivation-based efforts aimed at improving our understanding of soil microbes and their contributions to ecosystem functioning.
BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE DISTAL COLON

Summary . 1. An investigation into the pattern of the inferior mesenteric artery and the blood supply to the distal colon is described. 2 The literature relating to the presence and significance of the “critical point” is briefly reviewed. 3. Because it is so infrequent, no reliance can be placed upon the existence of an anastomosis between the lowest left colic and superior hemorrhoidal vessels. 4. The vascular distribution is discussed in terms of the part it plays in the surgery of the pelvic colon and rectum. The importance of the vascular pattern is emphasized in that it (a) preserves the vitality of the recto-sigmoid stump in resection of the pelvic colon, (b) permits effective mobilization of the gut in perineal excision of the rectum with restoration of function.
A Model of the Superior Colliculus Predicts Fixation Locations during Scene Viewing and Visual Search

Modern computational models of attention predict fixations using saliency maps and target maps, which prioritize locations for fixation based on feature contrast and target goals, respectively. But whereas many such models are biologically plausible, none have looked to the oculomotor system for design constraints or parameter specification. Conversely, although most models of saccade programming are tightly coupled to underlying neurophysiology, none have been tested using real-world stimuli and tasks. We combined the strengths of these two approaches in MASC, a model of attention in the superior colliculus (SC) that captures known neurophysiological constraints on saccade programming. We show that MASC predicted the fixation locations of humans freely viewing naturalistic scenes and performing exemplar and categorical search tasks, a breadth achieved by no other existing model. Moreover, it did this as well or better than its more specialized state-of-the-art competitors. MASC's predictive success stems from its inclusion of high-level but core principles of SC organization: an over-representation of foveal information, size-invariant population codes, cascaded population averaging over distorted visual and motor maps, and competition between motor point images for saccade programming, all of which cause further modulation of priority (attention) after projection of saliency and target maps to the SC. Only by incorporating these organizing brain principles into our models can we fully understand the transformation of complex visual information into the saccade programs underlying movements of overt attention. With MASC, a theoretical footing now exists to generate and test computationally explicit predictions of behavioral and neural responses in visually complex real-world contexts. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The superior colliculus (SC) performs a visual-to-motor transformation vital to overt attention, but existing SC models cannot predict saccades to visually complex real-world stimuli. We introduce a brain-inspired SC model that outperforms state-of-the-art image-based competitors in predicting the sequences of fixations made by humans performing a range of everyday tasks (scene viewing and exemplar and categorical search), making clear the value of looking to the brain for model design. This work is significant in that it will drive new research by making computationally explicit predictions of SC neural population activity in response to naturalistic stimuli and tasks. It will also serve as a blueprint for the construction of other brain-inspired models, helping to usher in the next generation of truly intelligent autonomous systems.
Early Filariasis Diagnosis and Clinical Findings: A Report of 268 Cases in American Troops

Summary 1. 268 cases of early filariasis are presented. 2. The infection was contracted in three Pacific islands. No patients were seen that had not been in these areas. 3. 263 (98%) of the patients had been in the endemic areas four months or longer. 4. The observed incubation period varied from eight to sixteen months when the period of observation ended, with history of attacks as early as three months. 5. The mode of onset and clinical findings are described in detail. The tendency toward recurrences, the lack of severe constitutional reactions, the characteristic lymphangitis of extremity or genitalia and the adenopathy particularly in the epitrochlear region are stressed. 6. The intradermal reaction with Dirofilaria immitis antigen was positive in 90.8% of patients and 10.5% of a comparable number of control individuals. 7. Elevation of the total number of eosinophiles in the blood was present in 64.3% of the cases. 8. It is suggested that enlargement of the epitrochlear nodes and the intradermal reaction might be used as survey methods in approximating the incidence of filarial infestation in personnel residing in endemic areas.
Indicator Stock of Return from Side Probability

This study is to improve the performance of stock investment returns in the pharmaceutical industry in Indonesia order to optimize the financial performance of profitability ratios both ratio as representative Return on Equity and Earning Per Share. Research methods using quantitative methods. There is causality of impact in probability side Return on Equity and Earning Per Share is Associative Method of research. Population in this studies chemical industry in sub sector pharmaceutical industry in Indonesia have been selected by using purposive sampling based on criteria of studies. The research data is the secondary data which has been obtained from this sample based on criteria of this research 30 total sample study from all population 10 the population there are 6 company sample of research. The output this research is different from the theory and journal forever with practice and application in the companies. That’s means uninfluenced of ROA and EPS to Stock of Return the Pharmaceutical industry company listed in BEI in the year’s period of 2011-2015”. The result is uninfluenced influence ROA and EPS to Stock of Return with together the proportion is -6,4%.
Meteorological applications of a surface network of Global Positioning System receivers

This thesis presents meteorological applications of water vapour observations from a surface network of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. GPS signals are delayed by the atmo¬sphere due to atmospheric refraction and bending. Mapped to the zenith, this delay is called Zenith Total Delay (ZTD). The ZTD can be separated in a hydrostatic and a wet delay. The first can be approximated by the surface pressure, while the second is related to Integrated Wa¬ter Vapour (IWV); this relation depends on the surface temperature. Currently, radiosondes are the only operational source of upper air humidity observations, however these observations are sparse in space and time. GPS IWV can fill this gap, albeit that the observable is an integral quantity. A study of the correlation of radiosonde observations and IWV shows that the change over time of IWV is closely related to the change in specific humidity at 2 km. The quality of the GPS IWV, assessed by comparison with numerical weather prediction (NWP) model and radiosonde observations, shows accuracies of 14 mm in ZTD and 2 kg m~2 in IWV. In the processing of GPS signals it is assumed that the atmosphere through which the signals propogate is symmetric and close to climatology. A consequence of this assumption is that when a strong water vapour gradient is present at a GPS site, systematic errors of around -3 mm in ZTD are observed (which corresponds to approximately -0.5 kg m~2 in IWV). Geostationary satellites can observe upper tropospheric water vapour in cloud free areas. Timeseries analysis of the change in GPS IWV and change in upper tropospheric water vapour gives a rough estimate of the change in vertical water vapour distribution. A spectral analysis of timeseries of the residual signal of GPS zenith delay estimates shows that there is a relation between the power of the residual signal and Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) from radiosonde. A correlation of 0.6 is observed which is remarkable because the power of the residual is based on a timeseries of one hour of GPS residuals while CAPE is derived from atmospheric profile information. Real-time GPS IWV maps are constructed using a two-dimensional variational technique. These maps are validated against NWP analyses and forecast fields. The statistics show that the IWV maps are of good quality. Two thunderstorm cases show the applicability of these maps for nowcasting. A comparison study shows that slant delay estimates from GPS contain information with a three-dimensional character. This three-dimensional character is exploited further by assim¬ilating slant delay observations using a three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) scheme. The used GPS network had a horizontal resolution of approximately 100 km, which impaired the resolution of the analysed water vapour field. Nevertheless, when compared to independent ra¬diosonde observations, the bias of 3DVAR GPS was smaller than the NWP six hour forecasts.
Assessing the Viability of Human Implantation Preimplantation Embryos

Since the birth of Louise Brown in 1978, over 20,000 babies have been born throughout the world as a result of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and related procedures. The success rate of IVF, however, remains relatively low, despite 15 years of extensive scientific and clinical research. The take-home-baby rate (live births per cycle initiated) for most IVF centers averages 10-12%, approximately half the incidence of natural fertility. The successful implantation of an embryo following IVF is dependent upon two factors: viability of the embryo and the receptivity of the uterus. The embryonic implantation rate in most IVF centers is impressively low. At the Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) IVF Center, our implantation rate is approximately 11.2%. In order to more accurately access the true rate of embryo viability, it is perhaps more appropriate to consider the implantation rate in only pregnant patients, because one assumes the uterine environment to be receptive to embryos in these patients. In our Program, the implantation rate in pregnant patients is 35%; thus, approximately two-thirds of embryos transferred to our IVF patients fail to implant. Plachot has reported similar results. This somewhat low rate of viability may be partially due to a high incidence of cytomorphological and chromosomal anomalies observed in human IVF embryos. With the use of improved laboratory methodologies and more effective stimulatory regimens administered to IVF patients, a gradual increase has come in both the number of oocytes retrieved and the number of embryos available for transfer. This increased pool of embryos available for transfer or cryopreservation make it essential that embryologists have at their disposal a simple and reliable method for determining which embryos in a given population are viable and have the best chance to implant. Unfortunately, there have been few advances in this area of research. As such, many viable embryos are lost through their transfer into a nonreceptive uterine environment. Improved methods for determining embryo viability would allow for an increase in the incidence of single embryo transfers, eliminating wastage of viable embryos, and reducing the incidence of multiple pregnancies. The overall efficiency of an IVF cycle would be greatly improved. As an additional benefit, true embryo viability could become the yardstick for determining improvements in the in vitro culture conditions of human embryos. A test of viability of human embryos must satisfy the following criteria: (1) it must be noninvasive; (2) it must be highly sensitive to allow for measurement of a single embryo; (3) it should measure a physiological substrate; (4) it needs to be relatively simple, inexpensive, and rapidly performed. The objective of this chapter is to critically exam-