Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modular feedbacks of discrete event systems with arbitrary control patterns

The modular feedback design is the following method. When a control specification in a discrete event system is given by conjunction and disjunction of a finite number of predicates, a feedback is designed for each predicate, and the whole feedback is constructed by product and sum of the component feedbacks. By this design method, the state feedback can easily be reconstructed when the control specification is modified. This paper considers the model proposed by Golaszew-ski and Ramadge, and we derive a condition under which the control invariance of the component predicates implies the control invariance of their conjunction and disjunction. Moreover, we derive a condition under which the unique existence of maximally and minimally permissive feedback for each component predicate implies that for the conjunction and disjunction. Finally, the derived result is applied to control of a manufacturing system.
Kinematic and dynamic equations of a planar parallel manipulator

Abstract This paper presents an inverse dynamic formulation using the Newton-Euler approach for a planar parallel manipulator, which is used in a new five-axis hybrid machine tool. The inverse kinematics of the manipulator is given and the velocity and the acceleration formulae are derived. The driving forces acting on the legs are determined according to the dynamic formulation. The formulation has been implemented in a program and has been used for some typical trajectories planned for a numerical simulation experiment. The simulation results reveal the nature of the variation of the driving forces in the hybrid machine tool and justify the dynamic control model. The dynamic modelling approach presented in this paper can also be applied to other parallel manipulators with less than six degrees of freedom.
Topological structure of robust control systems

This paper gives a necessary and sufficient condition for the well-posedness by using inclusion condition of uncertainty, and also gives a set of all the systems corresponding to the uncertainty with which a closed loop system is well-posed. Furthermore, we analyze the topology of systems based on the well-posedness. We give the number of the connected components of the set of uncertainty in the cases of complex matrix uncertainty and 2/spl times/2 real matrix uncertainty.
A comparison of the performance of classical methods and genetic algorithms for optimization problems involving numerical models

All test problems in the optimization and genetic algorithm (GA) literature involve analytical objective functions, which can be calculated exactly (to within floating point accuracy) using elementary operations and functions. However, almost al practical chemical engineering optimization problems involve sets of nonlinear equations or ordinary or partial differential equations that must be solved by some numerical methods (iterative root finding, finite differences, Rung Kutta, etc.) which inherent rounding and truncation errors. It is suspected that evolutionary methods such as genetic algorithms are better than classical deterministic methods for these problems. This paper aims to test this hypothesis by comparing the performance of two classical deterministic methods and a GA method on some representative engineering problems.
Frictional slip plane growth by localization detection and the extended finite element method (XFEM)

This paper is concerned with developing a numerical tool for detecting instabilities in elasto‐plastic solids (with an emphasis on soils) and inserting a discontinuity at these instabilities allowing the boundary value problem to proceed beyond these instabilities. This consists of implementing an algorithm for detection of strong discontinuities within a finite element (FE) framework. These discontinuities are then inserted into the FE problem through the use of a displacement field enrichment technique called the extended finite element method (XFEM). The newly formed discontinuities are governed by a Mohr–Coulomb frictional law that is enforced by a penalty method. This implementation within an FE framework is then tested on a compressive soil block and a soil slope where the discontinuity is inserted and grown according to the localization detection. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Cyclic Prefix length on OFDM system Capacity

This paper is a study on the impact of the Cyclic Prefix (CP) length on the downlink Capacity in a base-band synchronized SISO-OFDM context. To measure this impact, the capacity, measured in bits per second per hertz, is chosen as quality parameter. The study shows how the lengthening of the CP affects Spectral Efficiency Loss (SEL) and Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR). SINR can be mapped into Capacity using Shannons formula. The optimum CP length is defined as the one that maximises the Capacity for a given set of system parameters. The parameters studied in this paper are: 1) the useful OFDM symbol duration, 2) the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) at the receiver and 3) the channel Power Delay Profile (PDP). Depending on the values of these parameters different optimum CP lengths are obtained. For a system using only one value of CP length we suggest an optimum value to be 4�Ps for an OFDM symbol length of 40�Ps and 6�Ps for an OFDM symbol length of 80�Ps.
UPDATING A DOSAGE-EFFECT RELATIONSHIP FOR THE PREVALENCE OF ANNOYANCE DUE TO GENERAL TRANSPORTATION NOISE

More than a decade has passed since a relationship between community noise exposure and the prevalence of annoyance was synthesized by Schultz [T. J. Schultz, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 64, 377–405 (1978)] from the findings of a dozen social surveys. This quantitative dosage–effect relationship has been adopted as a standard means for predicting noise‐induced annoyance in environmental assessment documents. The present effort updates the 1978 relationship with findings of social surveys conducted since its publication. Although the number of data points from which a new relationship was inferred more than tripled, the 1978 relationship still provides a reasonable fit to the data.
OF-TYPE STARS HD-16691 AND HD-190429 SHOW WN-LIKE SPECTRA IN INFRARED K-BAND

We present 2 micrometer K-band spectra of two early-type Of stars that have infrared emission-line morphology similar to that of WN stars. Archival International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) spectra of these two stars indicate they appear to be Of type, rather than WN. Recently acquired optical spectra of these stars are quantitatively similar to that in the past, namely, Of attributes. We suggest that these two Of stars have stellar wind characteristics closer to WN type than other Of stars. We discuss the consequences for K-band classification of highly obscured hot stars that might not otherwise be visible in optical or UV wavelengths.
Box dimension, oscillation and smoothness in function spaces

The aim of this paper is twofold. First we relate upper and lower box dimensions with oscillation spaces, and we develop embeddings or inclusions between oscillation spaces and Besov spaces. Secondly, given a point in the (1p, s)-plane we determine maximal and minimal values for the upper box dimension (also the maximal value for lower box dimension) for the graphs of continuous real functions with a compact support, represented by this point.
MIXTURES OF DISTRIBUTIONS, MOMENT INEQUALITIES AND MEASURES OF EXPONENTIALITY AND NORMALITY'

The central limit theorem and limit theorems for rarity require measures of normality and exponentiality for their implementation. Simple useful measures are exhibited for these in a metric space setting, obtained from inequalities for scale mixtures and power mixtures. It is shown that the Pearson coefficient of Kurtosis is such a measure for normality in a broad class $\mathscr{D}$ containing most of the classical distributions as well as the passage time densities $s_{mn}(\tau)$ for arbitrary birth-death processes.
Optical Properties of Aerosol Particles over the Northeast Pacific.

Abstract In July 2002, atmospheric aerosol measurements were conducted over the northeast Pacific Ocean as part of the Subarctic Ecosystem Response to Iron Enhancement Study (SERIES). The following aerosol quantities were measured: particle number size distribution, particle scattering and backscattering coefficients at three wavelengths, particle absorption coefficient at one wavelength, and size-segregated particle chemical composition. Using Mie theory to calculate the aerosol particle scattering and absorption coefficients from the size distribution and chemical measurements, closure with the measured optical coefficients is not attained. Discrepancies between the calculated and measured scattering and backscattering coefficients are largely a result of the fact that the nephelometer measures scattering only between 7° and 170°. Over 90% of the total scattering and 50% of the backscattering in this study was not measured by the nephelometer because of the missing forward-scattering (0°–7°) and backsca.
High‐energy femtosecond fiber lasers based on pulse propagation at normal dispersion

The generation and stable propagation of ultrashort optical pulses tend to be limited by accumulation of excessive nonlinear phase shifts. The limitations are particularly challenging in fiber‐based devices, and as a result, short‐pulse fiber lasers have lagged behind bulk solid‐state lasers in performance. This article will review several new modes of pulse formation and propagation in fiber lasers. These modes exist with large normal cavity dispersion, and so are qualitatively distinct from the soliton‐like processes that have been exploited effectively in modern femtosecond lasers but which are also quite limiting. Self‐similar evolution can stabilize high‐energy pulses in fiber lasers, and this leads to order‐of‐magnitude increases in performance: fiber lasers that generate 10 nJ pulses of 100 fs duration are now possible. Pulse‐shaping based on spectral filtering of a phase‐modulated pulse yields similar performance, from lasers that have no intracavity dispersion control. These new modes feature highly‐chirped pulses in the laser cavity, and a theoretical framework offers the possibility of unifying our view of normal‐dispersion femtosecond lasers. Instruments based on these new pulse‐shaping mechanisms offer performance that is comparable to that of solid‐state lasers but with the major practical advantages of fiber.
An improved iterative method for inverse scattering

A new iterative method for microwave imaging, based on the Born approximation, is presented. The permittivity profile is reconstructed from the equivalent current density by using an optimised object function at each iteration step. This method provides more accurate results, with improved numerical stability and rate of convergence of the iteration process, and with practically the same computational effort. An illustrative example of numerical calculation is given for the two-dimensional TM inverse scattering in the case of an inhomogeneous dielectric cylinder.
THE RECORD-BREAKING COLD WAVE OF MID-NOVEMBER 1955 IN THE NORTHWEST

period of the situation to be studied the 500-mb. height's in the Northwest were below normal by record amounts, while in the East they were 200 to 400 ft. above normal. Thus while much-below-normal conditions developed in the Northwest in mid-November, temperatures rose into the 80's in the East producing such late-season record high t'emperatures as 81' F. at Huntington, W. Va. , 79' at Cincinnati, Ohio, and 78O at Baltimore, Md. This marked warming in the East, in contrast to the extreme cold in the West, set up ideal conditions for cold waves in the East also, when conditions finally became favorable for the cold air in the Northwest to move eastward en masse.
Concretions in exhumed and inverted channels near Hanksville Utah: implications for Mars

Abstract The landscape near Hanksville, Utah, contains a diversity of Mars analogue features. These included segmented and inverted anastomosing palaeochannels exhumed from the Late Jurassic Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation that hosts abundant small carbonate concretions. The exhumed and inverted channels closely resemble many seen on the surface of Mars in satellite imagery and which may be visited by surface missions in the near future. The channels contain a wealth of palaeoenvironmental information and are potentially of astrobiological interest, but intrinsically difficult terrain would make their study challenging on Mars. We show that an un-exhumed channel feature can be detected geophysically, and this may allow their study in more easily accessed terrain. The concretion's morphology and surface expression parallel the haematite ‘blue berries’ that are strewn across the surface of Meridiani Planum on Mars. They are best developed in poorly cemented medium to coarse channel sandstones and appear to have formed during deep burial.
Thermal ablation by high-intensity-focused ultrasound using a toroidal transducer for the treatment of colorectal liver metastases during an open procedure. Clinical results

The objective of this clinical study was to validate the effectiveness, accuracy, tolerance and safety of a HIFU treatment developed for the treatment of liver metastases. Fifteen patients were included. The transducer has a toroidal shape (diameter: 70 mm, radius of curvature: 70 mm) and was divided into 256 ultrasound emitters operating at 3 MHz. A 7.5 MHz ultrasound imaging probe was placed in the centre of the device. All HIFU ablations were obtained in 40 seconds. The demarcation between ablated and non-ablated tissue was clearly apparent in ultrasound images and histology. In Phase I (6 patients) we demonstrated that the dimensions of HIFU ablations measured on ultrasound imaging were correlated (r=0.88) with dimensions measured during histological analysis. The average dimensions obtained from each HIFU ablation were a diameter of 21.0 ± 3.9 mm and a depth of 27.5 ± 6.0 mm. In Phase II (9 patients), the HIFU ablations were centered on a target previously identified with a precision of 1-2 mm. It wa.
Coulomb Friction in Two-Dimensional Rigid Body Systems

Die Losungen des Coulombschen Reibungsproblems fur starre Korper in zwei Dimensionen werden analysiert. Das bestimmende System von gewohnlichen Differentialgleichungen und Ungleichungen wird aufgestellt. Beispiele werden vorgelegt, die einige ungewunschte Eigenschaften dieses speziellen Reibungsgesetzes nachweisen. Hinreichende Bedingungen fur Existenz und Eindeutigkeit werden mit Hilfe der Theorie der linearen Komplementaritat hergeleitet. The solutions to the Coulomb friction problem for rigid bodies in two dimensions are analyzed. The governing system of ordinary differential equations and inequalities is derived. Examples are presented demonstrating undesirable properties of this particular law of friction. Sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness are given using the theory of linear complementarity.
Formation of platinum-based silicide contacts: Kinetics, stoichiometry, and current drive capabilities

A detailed analysis of the formation of Pt2Si and PtSi silicides is proposed, based on x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrical characterizations. Published kinetics of the Pt2Si and PtSi transformations under ultrahigh vacuum condition are consolidated on the basis of XPS measurements performed during an in situ annealing at a constant heating rate. At room temperature, an incomplete PtxSi reaction is clearly identified by XPS depth profiling. Using rapid thermal annealing at 300, 400, and 500 °C, the sequential Pt–Pt2Si–PtSi reaction chain is found to be completed within 2 min. Outdiffusion of silicon to the top surface is shown to be responsible for the formation of a thin SiO2 capping layer at 500 °C. Pileup of oxygen occurring at the Pt2Si/Pt reaction front is clearly identified as an inhibiting factor of the silicidation mechanism. Another incomplete reaction scheme limited to the unique formation of Pt2Si is exemplified in the case of ultra thin.
Triggering V2: The Amount of Input Needed for Parameter Setting in a Split-CP Model of Word Order

In this paper I argue that children generally need relatively little input evidence to set word order parameters. Within a type of Split-CP model of clause structure, I suggest that children make no global search of the primary linguistic data, but scan the input for designated word order cues, focusing exclusively on the relevant clause type. I investigate child data from a dialect of Norwegian (Tromso), where there is verb movement and verb second (V2) word order in some clause types, but not in others. The findings show that parameters are set early and that there seems to be no overgeneralization of word order from one construction to another. This is argued to be due to different clause types having different heads in the CP domain.
MMIC circulators using hexaferrites

MMIC circulators operating at K/sub A/-band have been fabricated from single crystal and polycrystalline hexaferrite platelets integrated into glass-microwave integrated circuit wafers. Measurements on circulators utilizing single crystal BaFe/sub 11.1/Sc/sub 0.9/O/sub 19/ showed two-band circulation, below-FMR (at 36 GHz) and above-FMR (at 24 GHz), while those using single crystal BaFe/sub 12/O/sub 19/ showed above-FMR circulation at 32-35 GHz. Self-biased circulators using SrFe/sub 12/O/sub 19/ ceramics showed above-FMR circulation at 32 GHz. All circulators showed reasonable insertion losses and isolation, with the best insertion loss of 1.2 dB at an isolation of 18 dB being found for a BaFe/sub 11.1/Sc/sub 0.9/O/sub 19/ circulator operating below-FMR.
Information flux maximum‐entropy approximation schemes for convection–diffusion problems

The requirement for stabilization or other similar techniques is well known when using the finite element method in computational fluid mechanics. A variety of such techniques has been introduced during the past decades along with different physical interpretations of the stabilization terms employed. In introducing so‐called information flux methods, we developed a new point of view on the problem of numerical instabilities; with respect to Shannon's information theory instabilities are interpreted as a consequence of unadequate observance of the information flux present in fluid mechanics. Here we discuss different approaches to setting up information flux maximum‐entropy approximation schemes based on that idea. The good accuracy of these approximation schemes is demonstrated for convection–diffusion problems by means of several linear, time‐independent one‐ and two‐dimensional numerical examples and comparisons with state‐of‐the‐art stabilized finite element methods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
La traduction des textes émotifs : un défi paradoxal

Dans cette communication l’accent est mis sur les problemes que posent en general les rapports entre langage et emotions et plus particulierement ceux que rencontrent un traducteur ou un interprete. L’expression des emotions constitue un defi au langage mais les huamins ne renoncent pas. Le rapport implicitation/explicitation, l’usage des metaphores et l’articulation intermodale des types de signes, constituent la panoplie de moyens d’expression particulierement utiles pour relever un tel defi. Mais lorsque l’interprete ou/et le traducteur tentent de traduire un discours ou un texte emotif, leur tâche risque d’etre difficile. Toutefois malgre les limites inevitables de l’entreprise quand il s’agit de traduire des textes emotifs, la situation n’est pas desesperee pourvu que l’on adopte une perspective pragmatique. Un traducteur (interprete) qui pratique son art dans une perspective pragmatique, peut deja contribuer beaucoup au partage des emotions. En ce cas, son art ressemble a une paraphrase dans une autre langue, paraphrase qui sait s’adapter aux implicites et aux contextes des publics et lecteurs reels ou potentiels. Certes il faut prendre en compte les differences de conditions de referenciation pour la traduction et pour l’interpretation. Il est ainsi pertinent de partir d’une reflexion sur les problemes que pose la traduction et de l’interpretation des discours et textes emotifs, pour renouveler l’etude psycholinguistique de la complexite du langage. Il importe d’elaborer en effet, une problematique pluridisciplinaire (traductologie et psycholinguistique) afin de definir ces « universaux psychologiques » qui en deca des varietes de langues et de cultures fondent le passage d’une langue a l’autre.
Radio wave propagation along mixed paths through a four-layered model of rain forest: an analytic approach

This paper presents a novel full-wave analysis of the radio waves that are excited from a dipole antenna located in the trunk layer and propagate inside a four-layered forest medium. The dyadic Green's functions for the four-layered geometry are applied first to derive the integral expression of the electric fields. The closed form of the electric fields is then obtained by using the quasi-static approximation, saddle-point technique, and branch-cut integrations in the complex plane and, hence, expressed in terms of direct waves, multiple reflected waves, and lateral waves. Two kinds of images, i.e., the quasi-dynamic and complex images, are considered in the integration in the complex plane. Among those waves excited by a dipole antenna in the four-layered medium, it is shown theoretically and numerically that the lateral wave along the upper-side air-canopy interface plays a role of dominant modes. The propagation mechanism of other lateral waves due to the air-canopy, canopy-trunk, and trunk-ground interfaces is also discussed and analyzed so as to gain an insight into the wave characteristics. Transmission losses of the lateral waves are calculated numerically.
Proxima Centauri: a transitional modified Newtonian dynamics controlled orbital candidate?

The triple-system candidacy of Proxima Centauri with α Centauri A/B is reviewed in terms of its potential to demonstrate an orbit controlled according to modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND). It is noted that Proxima is already sufficiently distant from α Cen A/B that MOND corrections to its speed and orbit should be present and therefore potentially measurable. It is argued that present-day observations of the Proxima–α Centauri A/B system do not rule out the possibility that Proxima occupies a low-eccentricity orbit with an orbital period of the order of a few million years.
Global stability of fuzzy systems based variable structure control

Global and asymptotic stability of a fuzzy system represented by the Affine Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) model controlled by a fuzzy variable structure controller (VSC) is presented. In this paper, new conditions for the global stability, are developed. A design of a robust fuzzy based Variable Structure Controller is presented to stabilize and improve the response of non-linear unstable systems. Both the fuzzy controller (FC) and the controlled system are represented by the affine T-S fuzzy model. A control strategy is proposed to reduce the chattering problem which is considered the main drawback of the VSC by introducing a boundary layer around the switching surface. A simulation study for an inverted pendulum mounted on a cart is used to demonstrate the design procedure. The results obtained show a robust and stable behaviour when the system is subjected to an impulse and perturbation effect.