Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overview of nanogel and its applications

Nanogel have emerged as a versatile drug delivery system for encapsulation of guest molecules. A nanoparticle which is composed of hydrophilic polymer network known as Nanogel having range from 100-200nm. Nanogel have swellable and degradation properties with high drug loading capacity, high stability, sustained and targetable manner, large surface area. Therefore, nanogel are more productive than conventional and micro-sized delivery. In recent year in the field of biotechnology nanogel were prominently used to deal with genetics, enzyme immobilization and protein synthesis. Moreover, it has productive asset for the development of novel therapeutic system in medicine. These are soft materials capable of holding small molecular biomacromolecules, therapeutics, and inorganic nanoparticles within their crosslinked networks, which allows them to find applications for therapy as well as imaging of a variety of disease conditions. These properties not only enhance the functionality of the carrier system but also help in overcoming many challenges associated with the delivery of cargo molecules. This review aims to highlight the distinct and unique capabilities of nanogels as carrier system, Synthesis of nanogels, Types of Physical and chemical crosslinked nanogels, Stimuli responsive behavior, In vivo behavior, Therapeutic drug carrier, marketed formulation of Nanogels and the last part of review summarizes the applications of nanogels in various diseases. Transdermal drug delivery, diabetes, anti-inflammatory, vaginal drug delivery, neurodegenerative diseases, ocular dieses, autoimmune disease, and anticancer treatment for specially targeting the cancer cells, thereby reducing uptake into healthy cells. This nanogel drug delivery is a phenomenal system, and further depth study is required to explore their interaction at cellular and molecular levels and minimize the challenges.
EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF PTEROCARPANS BY ΗECK-OXYARYLATION IN IONIC LIQUIDS

An efficient synthesis of pterocarpan (±)-3 has been achieved in 69% yield by Heck coupling of 2//-chromene (1) with 2-iodophenol (2b) in the ionic liquid l-butyl-3methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [bmim][PFü] and in the presence of the [PdCl2(PhCN)2]/Ph3P/Ag2C03 catalyst system. Introduction Pterocarpans are naturally occurring plant products carrying a c/s-fused benzofuranylbenzopyran ring system. This group of compounds is of great interest due to their well-known pathological activity as phythoalexins (1). Among the synthetic routes to pterocarpans, the Heckoxyarylation of 2/7-chromenes with 2-chloromercuriphenol (2a) using equimolar amount of L^fPdCU] as a catalyst is a widely used method (2-6). Recently, we have published (7) an efficient modification of this method which starts from 2-iodophenol (2b) instead of the toxic 2chloromercuriphenol (2a) and uses catalytic amount of Pd(0Ac)2 with a phosphine ligand (Ph3P) and a base (Ag 2 C03 and CaC0 3 ) in acetone. Several recent publications describe (8,9) Heck coupling of aryl halides with alkenes with excellent yields (90-95%) in room temperature ionic liquids. These recyclable, "green" solvents not only allow relatively easy product isolation and catalyst recovery but often improve the yields of synthetic reactions through their interaction with the metal complex catalyst (10-12). It seemed reasonable to examine the above mentioned Heck-oxyarylation of 2/ /-chromene (1) with 2iodophenol (2b) in this type of solvents as well. Vol. 7, No. 5, 2001 Efficient synthesis ofpterocarpans by heck-oxyarylation in ionic liquids Results and Discussion The Heck-oxyarylation of 7-benzyloxy-2//-chromene (1) (4) with 2-iodophenol (2b), resulting in the rac. -3-benzyloxy-pterocarpan (3) (7) has been systematically studied with various catalyst systems such as Pd(OAc) 2 or [PdC^CöHsCN):] in ionic liquids (Scheme 1.).
Bunium persicum essential oil reduced acetic acid-induced rat colitis through suppression of NF-κB pathway

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of B. persicum essential oil on colonic inflammation and the role of suppression of NF-κB pathway in rat colitis induced by acetic acid solution. Materials and Methods: Induction of acute colitis was done by intra-luminal instillation of 2 ml of acetic acid (4%) diluted in normal saline. Two hours after colitis induction, 0.2% tween 80 in normal saline, prednisolone (4 mg/kg) or B. persicum essential oil (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were administered to the rats orally and continued for 5 consecutive days. The severity of macroscopic and microscopic damages was assessed. Myeloperoxidase and TNF-α activity was evaluated by biochemical analysis and ELISA respectively and protein expression of p-NF-κB was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: Prednisolone and B. persicum essential oil (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) decreased macroscopic and microscopic injuries compared to the acetic acid group. On the other hand, prednisolone and B. persicum essential oil (200 and 400 mg/kg) decreased the activity of MPO and TNF-α in the colon tissue of rats compared with the acetic acid group. Furthermore, they suppressed the expression of p-NF-κB protein induced by acetic acid administration. Conclusion: It is suggested that the anti-inflammatory effect of B. persicum essential oil on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats may be due to the suppression of NF-κB pathway.
A sensitive electrochemical Hg2+ ions sensor based on polypyrrole coated nanospherical platinum

We report the synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole coated on nanospherical platinum (Pt/PPy NSs) composites for the detection of mercury ions. The synthesis was completed via the direct reduction of potassium tetrachloro platinate(II) aqueous solution in the presence of pyrrole monomers in NaOH. X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy results indicated that the Pt cations were completely reduced to Pt with the concurrent formation of Pt/PPy NSs nanospherical morphology, respectively. The electrochemical properties of Pt/PPy NSs electrode were studied by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. From the DPV results, a linear working range for the concentration of mercury ions between 5 to 500 nM with LOD 0.27 nM (S/N = 3) was obtained. The sensitivity of this linear segment is 1.239 μA nM−1 cm−2. The interference from Ag+, Fe2+, Mn2+, K+, Pd2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Sn2+ and Zn2+ was negligible, thus is a bright prospect for the electrochemical detection of Hg(II).
Split Feelings: Understanding Implicit and Explicit Political Persuasion

Research in psychology has established that people have visceral positive and negative reactions to all kinds of stimuli—so-called implicit attitudes. Implicit attitudes are empirically distinct from explicit attitudes, and they appear to have separate consequences for political behavior. However, little is known about whether they change in response to different factors than explicit attitudes. Identifying distinct antecedents for implicit and explicit attitudes would have far-reaching implications for the study of political persuasion. We hypothesized that implicit attitudes would change primarily in response to political advertisements’ emotional valence, but this turned out to be wrong. In contrast, our next hypothesis that implicit (but not explicit) attitudes would improve in response to increased familiarity with an attitude object was supported across several tests. Aside from this finding, our studies illustrate how routine preregistration helps researchers convey what they learned from each test—including when predictions are not borne out.
EFFICIENT APPROACH OF BIGDATABENCH FOR BIG DATA BENCHMARK SUITE

— As architecture, systems, and data management communities pay greater attention to innovative big data systems and architecture, the pressure of benchmarking and evaluating these systems rises. However, the complexity, diversity, frequently changed workloads, and rapid evolution of big data systems raise great challenges in big data benchmarking. Considering the broad use of big data systems, for the sake of fairness, big data benchmarks must include diversity of data and workloads, which is the prerequisite for evaluating big data systems and architecture. Most of the state-of-the-art big data benchmarking efforts target evaluating specific types of applications or system software stacks, and hence they are not qualified for serving the purposes mentioned above. This thesis presents our joint research efforts on this issue with several industrial partners. (4Vs) is used our big data benchmark suite BigDataBench not only covers broad application scenarios, but also includes diverse and representative data sets. Currently, we choose 19 big data benchmarks from dimensions of application scenarios, operations/ algorithms, data types, data sources, software stacks, and application types, and they are comprehensive for fairly measuring and evaluating big data systems and architecture.
Crystal-Plane Effects on the Catalytic Properties of Au/TiO2

In this work, Au nanoparticles are loaded on TiO2 nanocrystals with different crystal planes exposed ({100}, {101}, and {001} planes) to investigate the crystal-plane effect on the catalytic properties of Au/TiO2 catalyst. Kinetic studies of CO oxidation show that the catalytic activities of three as-prepared Au/TiO2 samples follow this order: Au/TiO2-{100} > Au/TiO2-{101} > Au/TiO2-{001}. Furthermore, different mechanisms exist at low temperatures ( 320 K). With the help of ex-situ XPS and in situ DRIFTS, the interactions between substrate molecules and different Au/TiO2 interfaces are investigated. We find that the activation of O2 and the formation and desorption of carbonates are greatly dependent on the crystal planes of the TiO2 support. Furthermore, we use CO oxidation as a probe reaction to study the relationships between surface structures and catalytic properties in Au/TiO2. The catalytic behaviors of three Au/TiO2 catalysts are well correlated with the spectroscop.
Classification and Prediction of Gastric Cancer from Saliva Diagnosis using Artificial Neural Network

—In medical research, non-invasive diagnostic tools have become an emerging technique for the diagnosis of fatal disease in the last few years. Saliva analysis for the detection of Gastric cancer (GC) also belongs to this powerful new research field. According to the WHO, cancer is heterogeneous disease with different subtypes. Early prognosis and diagnosis are key to improve the survival rate. It has become necessary in cancer research to facilitate the subsequent clinical management of patients. In this study, we have found 10 Amino acid biomarkers in saliva and extracted 19 fingerprint Raman bands produced by these biomarkers, that can be used to distinguish cancer patients from healthy persons. These Amino acid biomarkers vary according to the health condition of the patient. Computer-Aided Diagnostic (CAD) techniques allow us to learn the common and hidden patterns from the input datasets and predict the cancer status most accurately and efficiently. We have developed a multilayer feedforward neural network using a scaled conjugate gradient backpropagation technique. The proposed method produces an accuracy of 92.27%, sensitivity of 94.8 %, and specificity of 90.2%. In conclusion, our approach using the saliva analysis and Amino acid biomarkers in saliva has enabled us to reliably detect gastric cancer at very high accuracy.
Deep Learning Segmentation of High and Low Grade Gliomas in 3D Brain Tumor Scans with U-Net Ensemble Methods

At the Stanford Cancer Center, radiologists currently rely principally upon by-hand methods in order to analyze MRI cranial scans of patients with brain tumors. With the ongoing development of the application of deep learning to the task of image segmentation, these methods can be applied to brain tumor imaging data in order to expedite the process of identifying and analyzing patient tumors. These brain tumors (the most common of which is called a glioma) can be of an enhancing, high grade type (HGG), which form a clearer outline in tumor imaging, or a non-enhancing, low grade type (LGG). This paper proposes an ensemble model architecture which combines the output predictions of sub-models trained speciﬁcally to segment HGG and LGG tumor images in order to segment on new tumor image data. The paper found that the best-performing ensemble method to segment brain tumor images pulled from the benchmark Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) dataset [1] utilizes a a simpliﬁed U-Net model architecture (with only one CNN layer per each "depth level" of the contracting then expanding computations) and a max conﬁdence ensemble layer to transform the output predictions of the sub-models
Single ionization of the hydrogen molecule induced by pump - probe techniques with ultrashort laser pulses

La tecnologia laser pone hoy en dia a nuestra disposicion pulsos laser ultracortos, con duraciones del orden de los femtosegundos, e incluso los attosegundos, que es la escala de tiempos a la que se mueven los electrones en torno al nucleo. Las dos fuentes de radiacion laser capaces de generar estas duraciones de pulso son los FEL y las tecnicas de HHG. Estas ultimas son mas asequibles por sus reducidas dimensiones, y se encuentran en decenas de laboratorios en todo el mundo, puesto que no necesitan de grandes instalaciones como el caso de los FEL.
The impact of the interplay between nonionics and the cell membrane on the nanoparticle-cell association and stability of Caco-2 cells

Nanopartikel (NP) sind etwa 10- 100mal kleiner als eine Eukaryontenzelle und konnen in diese aufgenommen werden. Bei Aufnahmestudien werden derzeit werden Fluoreszenz-markierte NP eingesetzt, die durch Ausbluten des Farbstoffes falsch positive Ergebnisse vorpsiegeln konnen. Als Alternative zur Markierung wurde die Anderung der Rauheit der Zelloberflache durch Bindung und Aufnahme von NP im Durchfluszytometer untersucht. Basiertend auf Vergleichsstudien mit fluoreszenz-markierten NP konnte die Zellgranularitat als ein zusatzlicher Parameter fur Zytoadhasion und Zytoinvasion von biomimetischen NP etabliert werden. Obwohl NP in Zellen aufgenommen werden konnen ist die Aufnahmerate fur einen therapeutischen Nutzen oftmals zu gering. Um diesem Problem Rechnung zu tragen wurde der Einfluss der nichtionogenen Tenside Poloxamer 188, Polysorbat 20 und Polysorbat 80 auf die Wechselwirkung von fluoreszierenden NP und Caco-2 Einzelzellen im Durchflusszytometer untersucht. Poloxamer 188 konnte als atoxisch bewertet werden und erhohte die NP-Zell Assoziation sogar in Mengen, die produktionsbedingt in NP enthalten sind. In Gegenwart von freiem Poloxamer 188 nahm die Zellassoziation der NP mit steigender Konzentration zu. Im Gegensatz dazu verbesserten oder inhibierten Polysorbat 20 und Polysorbat 80 die NP-Zell Wechselwirkung in Abhangigkeit von deren Konzentration. Daruber hinaus wurden zytotoxische Effekte der Polysorbate beobachtet. Mit Hilfe der Mikroaspirationstechnik konnte eine zunehmende Steifigkeit der Zellmembran in Gegenwart von Poloxamer 188 nachgewiesen werden. Die erhohte NP-Zell Assoziation durfte daher auf der Unterdruckung der Wellenbewegung der Zellmembran und der damit erhohten Kontaktfrequenz zwischen NP und Zelloberflache beruhen. Inwieweit die erhohte Steifigkeit der Zellmembran in Gegenwart von Poloxamer 188 die Kryokonservierung von empfindlichen Zelllinien vorteilhaft ist, wurde durch Proliferationstests nach dem Tauen von kryokonservierten Caco-2 Zellen untersucht. Verglichen mit herkommlichen Frier-Tau-Protokollen bewirkte Poloxamer 188 eine deutlich erhohte Wachstumsrate von Caco-2 Zellen.
Stable Transfection of the Bovine NRAMP1 Gene into Murine RAW264.7 Cells: Effect on Brucella abortus Survival

Genetically based natural resistance to brucellosis in cattle provides for novel strategies to control zoonotic diseases. Bovine NRAMP1, the homologue of a murine gene (Bcg), has been identified as a major candidate for controlling the in vivo resistant phenotype. We developed an in vitro model for expression of resistanceand susceptibility-associated alleles of bovine NRAMP1 as stable transgenes under the regulatory control of the bovine NRAMP1 promoter in the murine RAW264.7 macrophage cell line (Bcg) to analyze the regulation of the NRAMP1 gene and its role in macrophage function. We demonstrated that the 5*-flanking region of bovine NRAMP1, despite the lack of TATA and CAAT boxes, has a functional promoter capable of driving the expression of a transgene in murine macrophages. A polymorphism within a microsatellite in the 3* untranslated region critically affects the expression of bovine NRAMP1 and the control of in vitro replication of Brucella abortus but not Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin. We did not observe any differences in the production of NO by resting or gamma interferon (IFN-g)and IFN-g–lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated transfected cell lines, yet the resistant transfected cell lines produced significantly less NO than other cell lines, following stimulation with LPS at 24 and 48 h.
Working Paper N° 2008 -41 Preferences for Redistribution: a European Comparative Analysis Preferences for Redistribution: a European Comparative Analysis

What explains people's preferences for state intervention in social policies? Conducting a cross-section analysis on individual-level survey data, we highlight the link between the economic position of agents and their specific demand toward redistribution. Controlling for a number of factors usually found to impact individual preferences in the literature, we take the egoistic motives for redistribution seriously and focus on the role played by the occupational status of individuals in shaping their preferences. Thus, (i) we estimate the relative importance of economic factors in terms of current and expected gain, allowing for social mobility experience and risk aversion. Further, (ii) we try to identify which socio-political groups could be formed on the basis of their preferences for redistribution. Finally, (iii) we highlight differences between European countries as it comes to the grouping of agents.
Multi-Class Trafﬁc Sign Classiﬁcation using AutoAugment and Spatial Transformer

Fast and accurate classiﬁcation of trafﬁc signs is going to play a crucial role in autonomous driving, mapping/navigation, and trafﬁc safety. Although this topic has garnered much attention in the computer vision research community, it remains a tricky challenge owing to perception difﬁculties due to variations in viewpoint and lighting conditions, motion-blur, physical blocking, and low-quality image [1]. Previous work relies on manually ﬁne-tuning multiple parameters such as brightness and contrast. In this paper, we propose a novel combination of AutoAugment and Spatial Transformer Networks that performs better across a wide range of illumination and other real-world variables. This method automates the data augmentation process and achieves 99.86% validation accuracy while using fewer parameters and faster computation.
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES AN EXPLORATION OF THE SPECTRAL HISTOGRAM REPRESENTATION FOR FACE DETECTION By CHRISTOPHER A. WARING

This thesis describes two algorithms for face detection that rely on a generic feature representation called spectral histogram representation. The sufficiency and generalization of this representation is demonstrated through a statistical sampling technique. It is shown that the spectral histogram representation possesses desirable properties that commonly used representations are lacking. Presently there are a myriad of applications that critically rely on stringent parameters, alignment of templates or features of an image, and require large training sets. On the contrary the two algorithms proposed here based on the spectral histogram representation have relatively small training sets, do not require images to be aligned, and the spectral histogram representation is a non-parametric form so it does not rely on any stringent or underlying parameters. Both algorithms are tested on two widely used data sets and yield comparable results with the best existing algorithms.
Toward genome-wide transcriptional analysis in rice using MAS oligonucleotide tiling-path microarrays

Agrawal GK, Yamazaki M, Kobayashi M, Hirochika R, Miyao A, Hirochika H. 2001. Screening of the rice viviparous mutants generated by endogenous retrotransposon Tos17 insertion: tagging of a zeaxanthin epoxidase gene and a novel OsTATC gene. Plant Physiol. 125:1248-1257. Hirochika H. 2001. Contribution of the Tos17 retrotransposon to rice functional genomics. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 4:118-122. Hirochika H, Guiderdoni E, An G, Hsing Y, Eun MY, Han CD, Upadhyaya N, Ramachandran S, Zhang Q, Pereira A, Sundaresan V, Leung H. 2004. Rice mutant resources for gene discovery. Plant Mol. Biol. 54:325-334. Jeong DH, An S, Kang HG, Moon S, Han JJ, Park S, Lee HS, An K, An G. 2002. T-DNA insertional mutagenesis for activation tagging in rice. Plant Physiol. 130:1636-1644. Kikuchi S et al. 2003. Collection, mapping, and annotation of over 28,000 cDNA clones from japonica rice. Science 301:376379. Liljegren SJ, Ditta GS, Eshed Y, Savidge B, Bowman JL, Yanofsky MF. 2000. SHATTERPROOF MADS-box genes control seed dispersal in Arabidopsis. Nature 404:766-770. Miyao A, Tanaka K, Murata K, Sawaki H, Takeda S, Abe K, Shinozuka Y, Onosato K, Hirochika H. 2003. Target site specificity of the Tos17 retrotransposon shows a preference for insertion within genes and against insertion in retrotransposonrich regions of the genome. Plant Cell 15:1771-1780. Sato Y, Sentoku N, Miura Y, Hirochika H, Kitano H, Matsuoka M. 1999. Loss-of-function mutations in the rice homeobox gene OSH15 affect the architecture of internodes resulting in dwarf plants. EMBO J. 18:992-1002. Till BJ, Reynolds SH, Greene EA, Codomo CA, Enns LC, Johnson JE, Burtner AR, Young K, Taylor NE, Henikoff JG, Comai L, Henikoff S. 2003. Large-scale discovery of induced pointmutations with high-throughput TILLING. Genome Res. 13:524-530.
The Use of Web 2.0 in Islamic Religious Education Learning in Higher Education

—The development of information technology in the 21st century had a significant impact on the world of education. Learning in the industrialization which is oriented toward learning facts, concepts, rules and procedures through drills and practices, is transformed into learning in the real and authentic world trough problems and projects, inquiry, discovery, and invention in the practice of the knowledge age. This article aims to describe the use of Web 2.0 technology in learning Islamic Education (PAI) in Higher Education. This article uses a qualitative approach and an integrative literature review method. Based on the theory of Web 2.0 technology, integration supported by qualitative approaches and survey methods, it can be concluded that the use of Web 2.0 technology in PAI learning in tertiary institutions can be applied through integration with project based learning, project oriented learning, problem based learning, and cooperative learning. The implication of findings of the study is to optimize the use of Web 2.0 technology in learning PAI, learning in Higher Education including being able to be done integrally with the use of project-based, project-oriented, problem-based, and cooperative learning models.
Cross-Language Information Retrieval using Ontology 3 Tool Description

In this paper we present a description and an evaluation of ontologybased Cross-Language Information Retrieval. Earlier systems we have developed used bilingual dictionaries to support a user in selecting terms in the language of the documents being retrieved. This presents the user with the problem of deciding if the translations are the correct senses needed for the query. The system described here replaces the bilingual dictionaries by a pair of language-ontology lexicons. The user can see definitions of the senses in the ontology and then select matching terms in the target language. This allows better control of the generation of the new query in the target language.