Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validation of a predictive model for obstructive sleep apnea in people with Down syndrome

Detecting obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is important to both prevent significant comorbidities in people with Down syndrome (DS) and untangle contributions to other behavioral and mental health diagnoses. However, laboratory‐based polysomnograms are often poorly tolerated, unavailable, or not covered by health insurance for this population. In previous work, our team developed a prediction model that seemed to hold promise in identifying which people with DS might not have significant apnea and, consequently, might be able to forgo a diagnostic polysomnogram. In this study, we sought to validate these findings in a novel set of participants with DS. We recruited an additional 64 participants with DS, ages 3–35 years. Caregivers completed the same validated questionnaires, and our study team collected vital signs, physical exam findings, and medical histories that were previously shown to be predictive. Patients then had a laboratory‐based polysomnogram. The best modeling had a validated negative predictive value of 50% for an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) > 1/hTST and 73.7% for AHI >5/hTST. The positive predictive values were 60% and 39.1%, respectively. As such, a clinically reliable screening tool for OSA in people with DS was not achieved. Patients with DS should continue to be monitored for OSA according to current healthcare guidelines.
Evaluation and management of urologic complications following transmasculine genital reconstructive surgery

Transmasculine genital reconstructive surgery involves the creation of a neourethra by way of metoidioplasty or phalloplasty. We aim to describe approaches in identifying complications associated with these procedures as well as the various reparative techniques that can be utilized to reestablish the neourethral tract.
Inequalities for critical exponents in d-dimensional sandpiles

Consider the Abelian sandpile measure on $\mathbb{Z}^d$, $d \ge 2$, obtained as the $L \to \infty$ limit of the stationary distribution of the sandpile on $[-L,L]^d \cap \mathbb{Z}^d$. When adding a grain of sand at the origin, some region, called the avalanche cluster, topples during stabilization. We prove bounds on the behaviour of various avalanche characteristics: the probability that a given vertex topples, the radius of the toppled region, and the number of vertices toppled. Our results yield rigorous inequalities for the relevant critical exponents. In $d = 2,$ we show that for any $1 \le k < \infty$, the last $k$ waves of the avalanche have an infinite volume limit, satisfying a power law upper bound on the tail of the radius distribution.
Learning non-smooth sparse additive models from point queries in high dimensions

We consider the problem of learning a $d$-variate function $f$ defined on the cube $[-1,1]^d\subset {\mathbb R}^d$, where the algorithm is assumed to have black box access to samples of $f$ within this domain. Denote ${\mathcal S}_r \subset {[d] \choose r}; r=1,\dots,r_0$ to be sets consisting of unknown $r$-wise interactions amongst the coordinate variables. We then focus on the setting where $f$ has an additive structure, i.e., it can be represented as $$f = \sum_{{\mathbf j} \in {\mathcal S}_1} \phi_{{\mathbf j}} + \sum_{{\mathbf j} \in {\mathcal S}_2} \phi_{{\mathbf j}} + \dots + \sum_{{\mathbf j} \in {\mathcal S}_{r_0}} \phi_{{\mathbf j}},$$ where each $\phi_{{\mathbf j}}$; ${\mathbf j} \in {\cal S}_r$ is at most $r$-variate for $1 \leq r \leq r_0$. We derive randomized algorithms that query $f$ at carefully constructed set of points, and exactly recover each ${\mathcal S}_r$ with high probability. In contrary to the previous work, our analysis does not rely on numerical approximation of derivatives by finite order differences.
An overview of propensity score matching methods for clustered data

Propensity score matching is commonly used in observational studies to control for confounding and estimate the causal effects of a treatment or exposure. Frequently, in observational studies data are clustered, which adds to the complexity of using propensity score techniques. In this article, we give an overview of propensity score matching methods for clustered data, and highlight how propensity score matching can be used to account for not just measured confounders, but also unmeasured cluster level confounders. We also consider using machine learning methods such as generalized boosted models to estimate the propensity score and show that accounting for clustering when using these methods can greatly reduce the performance, particularly when there are a large number of clusters and a small number of subjects per cluster. In order to get around this we highlight scenarios where it may be possible to control for measured covariates using propensity score matching, while using fixed effects regression in the outcome model to control for cluster level covariates. Using simulation studies we compare the performance of different propensity score matching methods for clustered data across a number of different settings. Finally, as an illustrative example we apply propensity score matching methods for clustered data to study the causal effect of aspirin on hearing deterioration using data from the conservation of hearing study.
Congenital disorder of glycosylation with defective fucosylation 2 (FCSK gene defect): The third report in the literature with a mild phenotype

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of heterogeneous disorders caused by abnormal lipid or protein glycosylation. Variants in the FCSK gene have been reported to cause CDG. Defective FCSK‐induced CDG (FCSK–CDG) has only been reported previously in three unrelated children.
Private quantum codes: introduction and connection with higher rank numerical ranges

We give a brief introduction to private quantum codes, a basic notion in quantum cryptography and key distribution. Private code states are characterized by indistinguishability of their output states under the action of a quantum channel, and we show that higher rank numerical ranges can be used to describe them. We also show how this description arises naturally via conjugate channels and the bridge between quantum error correction and cryptography.
A time-optimal algorithm for solving (block-)tridiagonal linear systems of dimension N on a distributed computer of N nodes

We are concerned with the fastest possible direct numerical solution algorithm for a thin-banded or tridiagonal linear system of dimension $N$ on a distributed computing network of $N$ nodes that is connected in a binary communication tree. Our research is driven by the need for faster ways of numerically solving discretized systems of coupled one-dimensional black-box boundary-value problems. Our paper presents two major results: First, we provide an algorithm that achieves the optimal parallel time complexity for solving a tridiagonal linear system and thin-banded linear systems. Second, we prove that it is impossible to improve the time complexity of this method by any polynomial degree. To solve a system of dimension $m\cdot N$ and bandwidth $m \in \Omega(N^{1/6})$ on $2 \cdot N-1$ computing nodes, our method needs time complexity $\mathcal{O}(\log(N)^2 \cdot m^3)$.
On embeddings between outer automorphism groups of right-angled Artin groups

Using abelian coverings of Salvetti complexes, embeddings of outer automorphism groups of right-angled Artin groups (RAAGs) into outer automorphism groups of their particular characteristic subgroups are constructed. Virtual embeddings of outer automorphism groups of finitely generated groups having the unique root property into outer automorphism groups of their particular subgroups are also given. These results provide us with rich examples of (virtual) embeddings between outer automorphism groups of RAAGs. Finite subgroups of pure (outer) automorphism groups of RAAGs are also investigated. $p$-adic valuations and $\mathbb{Z}_p$-ranks of these groups are determined to establish some non-embeddability conditions.
The signature of a toric variety

We identify a combinatorial quantity (the alternating sum of the h-vector) defined for any simple polytope as the signature of a toric variety. This quantity was introduced by Charney and Davis in their work, which in particular showed that its non-negativity is closely related to a conjecture of Hopf on the Euler characteristic of a non-positively curved manifold. We prove positive (or non-negative) lower bounds for this quantity under geometric hypotheses on the polytope. These hypotheses lead to ampleness (or weaker conditions) for certain line bundles on toric divisors, and then the lower bounds follow from calculations using the Hirzebruch Signature Formula. Moreoever, we show that under these hypotheses on the polytope, the i-th L-class of the corresponding toric variety is (-1)^i times an effective class for any i.
TH‐D‐BRD‐02: Convolution‐Superposition Dose Calculations with GPUs

Purpose: To study the impact in terms of execution time and accuracy of using graphics hardware for calculating the dose in a treatment planning system. The architecture of Graphics Processing Units (GPU) is well suited for numerical tasks that are intrinsically parallel, such as dose calculations. Method and Materials: This work was made within the framework of PlanUNC, or PLUNC, a treatment planning system developed and maintained by the Department of Radiation Oncology of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for research and development purposes. The objective was to transparently integrate a GPU dose calculation engine to PLUNC. The CUDA platform from NVIDIA was used for the GPU implementation. A convolution/superposition (CS) dose calculation algorithm was ported by developing programs (called kernels) that are executed on the GPU. Firstly, the CS engine of PLUNC was directly ported to the GPU, with the original code preserved as much as possible. Secondly, parts of the original algorithm were redesigned to better exploit the massively parallel architecture of GPUs. The numerical experiments were conducted with a NVIDIA GeForce GTX280 and an Intel Q6600 CPU. Results: Acceleration factors of 10× to 20× were achieved with the GPU implementation relative to the CPU version with the direct port of the CS algorithm. The numerical accuracy of the results was preserved with the GPU implementation. A 40× acceleration factor was obtained for the TERMA calculation subroutine, which was rewritten with the GPU architecture in mind. These acceleration factors were sufficient to significantly improve the responsiveness of the PLUNC graphical interface. Conclusion: This work demonstrates the potential of graphics hardware for dose calculation in treatment planning systems. This could in turn have a significant impact on optimization strategies for complex delivery techniques such as IMRT. Research sponsored by Varian Medical Systems, Inc.
A Wireless Headstage System Based on Neural-Recording Chip Featuring 315 nW Kickback-Reduction SAR ADC

Wireless neural-recording instruments eliminate the bulky cables in multi-channel signal transmission, while the system size should be reduced to mitigate the impact on freely-moving animals. As the battery usually dominates the system size, the neural-recording chip should be low power to minimize the battery in long-termly monitoring. In general, a neural-recording chip consists of an analog front end (AFE) and an 8 bit <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-$</tex-math></inline-formula>10 bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC), while it's challenging to design an ADC with an 8<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-$</tex-math></inline-formula>10 effective number of bits (ENOB) and sub-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula> W power consumption due to the kickback noise. In this work, we propose a kickback-reduction technique for a successive-approximation-register (SAR) ADC based on neural-recording chip. Fabricated in 65 nm CMOS process, the proposed technique reduce the ADC power to 315 nW, resulting in an 8-channel neural-recording chip with 249 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>W in total. Measured results show that the chip achieves an ADC ENOB of 9.73 bits, as well as an AFE gain of 43.3 dB and input-referred noise (IRN) of 9.68 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu V_{rms}$</tex-math></inline-formula> in a bandwidth of 0.9 Hz<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-$</tex-math></inline-formula>7.2 kHz. Combined with a BLE chip and a PCB antenna, the chip is implemented into a 2.6 g wireless headstage system (w/o battery), and an <italic>in-vivo</italic> demonstration is conducted on a male Sprague-Dawley rat with Parkinson's disease. The headstage system transfers the <italic>in-vivo</italic> neural signals to a commodity smartphone through BLE, and the miniature size induces little impact on freely-moving activities.
The drag coefficient for a spherical bubble in a uniform streaming flow

The drag coefficient CD=48/R for a spherical bubble in a uniform streaming flow at high Reynolds number, which was first obtained via a dissipation method by Levich [Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 19, 18 (1949)], is rederived here by direct integration of the normal stress over the bubble surface. The present study also shows that the drag coefficient up to O(R−1) depends only on the O(1) vorticity distribution right on the bubble surface, and is independent of the vorticity distribution in the fluid. Therefore the drag coefficient up to O(R−1) is completely determined by the irrotational flow solution, which is perfectly consistent with the dissipation method.
Small-bowel capsule endoscopy and device-assisted enteroscopy for diagnosis and treatment of small-bowel disorders: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline – Update 2022

Main Recommendations MR1 ESGE recommends small-bowel capsule endoscopy as the first-line examination, before consideration of other endoscopic and radiological diagnostic tests for suspected small-bowel bleeding, given the excellent safety profile of capsule endoscopy, its patient tolerability, and its potential to visualize the entire small-bowel mucosa. Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. MR2 ESGE recommends small-bowel capsule endoscopy in patients with overt suspected small-bowel bleeding as soon as possible after the bleeding episode, ideally within 48 hours, to maximize the diagnostic and subsequent therapeutic yield. Strong recommendation, high quality evidence. MR3 ESGE does not recommend routine second-look endoscopy prior to small-bowel capsule endoscopy in patients with suspected small-bowel bleeding or iron-deficiency anemia. Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. MR4 ESGE recommends conservative management in those patients with suspected small-bowel bleeding and high quality negative small-bowel capsule endoscopy. Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. MR5 ESGE recommends device-assisted enteroscopy to confirm and possibly treat lesions identified by small-bowel capsule endoscopy. Strong recommendation, high quality evidence. MR6 ESGE recommends the performance of small-bowel capsule endoscopy as a first-line examination in patients with iron-deficiency anemia when small bowel evaluation is indicated. Strong recommendation, high quality evidence. MR7 ESGE recommends small-bowel capsule endoscopy in patients with suspected Crohn’s disease and negative ileocolonoscopy findings as the initial diagnostic modality for investigating the small bowel, in the absence of obstructive symptoms or known bowel stenosis. Strong recommendation, high quality evidence. MR8 ESGE recommends, in patients with unremarkable or nondiagnostic findings from dedicated small-bowel cross-sectional imaging, small-bowel capsule endoscopy as a subsequent investigation if deemed likely to influence patient management. Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. MR9 ESGE recommends, in patients with established Crohn’s disease, the use of a patency capsule before small-bowel capsule endoscopy to decrease the capsule retention rate. Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. MR10 ESGE recommends device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE) as an alternative to surgery for foreign bodies retained in the small bowel requiring retrieval in patients without acute intestinal obstruction. Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. MR11 ESGE recommends DAE-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (DAE-ERCP) as a first-line endoscopic approach to treat pancreaticobiliary diseases in patients with surgically altered anatomy (except for Billroth II patients). Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.
A note on CR quaternionic maps

We introduce the notion of CR quaternionic map and we prove that any such real-analytic map, between CR quaternionic manifolds, is the restriction of a quaternionic map between quaternionic manifolds. As an application, we prove, for example, that for any submanifold $M$, of dimension $4k-1$, of a quaternionic manifold $N$, such that $TM$ generates a quaternionic subbundle of $TN|_M$, of (real) rank $4k$, there exists, locally, a quaternionic submanifold of $N$, containing $M$ as a hypersurface.
Role of Oxygen Vacancies in Cr‐Doped SrTiO3 for Resistance‐Change Memory

A high density of oxygen vacancies has been found in an experiment to determine the path of electrical conduction in Cr-doped SrTiO3 memory cells. The Cr acts as a seed for the localization of oxygen vacancies, leading to a statistically homogeneous distribution of charge carriers within the path. This warrants a controllable doping profile and improved device scaling down to the nanometer scale. The combination of laterally resolved micro-X-ray absorption spectroscopy and thermal imaging concludes that the resistance switching in Cr-doped SrTiO3 originates from an oxygen-vacancy drift to/from the electrode that was used as anode during the conditioning process. The experiments shows that this oxygen vacancy concept is crucial for the entire class of transition-metal-oxide-based bipolar resistance-change memory.
EXTENDED Lyα EMISSION FROM A DAMPED Lyα ABSORBER AT z = 3.115

We searched for star formation activity associated with high-z damped Lyα systems (DLAs) with the Subaru telescope. We used a set of narrow-band (NB) filters whose central wavelengths correspond to the redshifted Lyα emission lines of targeted DLA absorbers at 3 < z < 4.5. We detected one apparent NB-excess object located 3.80 arcsec ( kpc) away from the quasar SDSS J031036.84+005521.7. Follow-up spectroscopy revealed an asymmetric Lyα emission at zem = 3.115 ± 0.003, which perfectly matches the sub-DLA trough at zabs = 3.1150 with logN(H i)/cm−2 = 20.05. The Lyα luminosity is estimated to be LLyα = 1.07 × 1042 erg s−1, which corresponds to a star formation rate of 0.97 M☉ yr−1. Interestingly, the detected Lyα emission is spatially extended with a sharp peak. The large extent of the Lyα emission is remarkably one-sided toward the quasar line-of-sight and is redshifted. The observed spatially asymmetric surface brightness profile can be qualitatively explained by a model of a DLA host galaxy, assuming a galactic outflow and a clumpy distribution of H i clouds in the circumgalactic medium. This large Lyα extension, which is similar to those found in Rauch et al., could be the result of complicated anisotropic radiative transfer through the surrounding neutral gas embedded in the DLA.
Exploring the contributions of expert review and cognitive interviewing to evaluating the content validity of items for anew measure of adolescent social communication, the Transition Pragmatics Interview

ABSTRACT Interventions to facilitate improvement in adolescent social communication are more effective when they are tailored to adolescents’ individual profiles of ability. Current social communication assessments for adolescents are not designed to identify their profiles of ability for settings beyond compulsory education. To address this gap, we developed the Transition Pragmatics Interview (TPI). The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the content validity of items developed for the TPI using expert review and cognitive interviewing. Cognitive interviewing is recommended in health-related measurement standards but is not widely reported for assessments of developmental language disorders. Six speech-language pathologists participated in the expert review, rating how well TPI items represented facets of social communication ability. All questions were rated as representative of their intended construct. Eight adolescents (age 14–21) of varied social communication abilities participated in the cognitive interview study to explore whether items were understood as intended by the developers. Participants responded to each item while aresearcher observed their response process and asked questions to identify the respondents’ thinking about the items. Transcribed responses were classified based on whether they indicated aconstruct-irrelevant difficulty with the item. Nine of 52 items were identified with recall difficulties, ambiguous wording or potential sources of bias. Cognitive interviewing complemented expert review by identifying issues with content validity not identified by expert review. Items with construct-irrelevant barriers to response will be modified and re-evaluated prior to field testing.
From Maltreatment to Psychiatric Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence: The Relevance of Emotional Maltreatment

Different forms of maltreatment are thought to incur a cumulative and non-specific toll on mental health. However, few large-scale studies draw on psychiatric diagnoses manifesting in early childhood and adolescence to identify sequelae of differential maltreatment exposures, and emotional maltreatment, in particular. Fine-grained multi-source dimensional maltreatment assessments and validated age-appropriate clinical interviews were conducted in a sample of N = 778 3 to 16-year-olds. We aimed to (a) substantiate known patterns of clinical outcomes following maltreatment and (b) analyse relative effects of emotional maltreatment, abuse (physical and sexual), and neglect (physical, supervisory, and moral-legal/educational) using structural equation modeling. Besides confirming known relationships between maltreatment exposures and psychiatric disorders, emotional maltreatment exerted particularly strong effects on internalizing disorders in older youth and externalizing disorders in younger children, accounting for variance over and above abuse and neglect exposures. Our data highlight the toxicity of pathogenic relational experiences from early childhood onwards, urging researchers and practitioners alike to prioritize future work on emotional maltreatment.
A curved Hénon—Heiles system and its integrable perturbations

The constant curvature analogue on the two-dimensional sphere and the hyperbolic space of the integrable Hénon-Heiles Hamiltonian H given by where Ω and α are real constants, is revisited. The resulting integrable curved Hamiltonian, Hκ, depends on a parameter κ which is just the curvature of the underlying space and allows one to recover H under the smooth flat/Euclidean limit κ → 0. This system can be regarded as an integrable cubic perturbation of a specific curved 1 : 2 anisotropic oscillator, which was already known in the literature. The Ramani series of potentials associated to Hκ is fully constructed, and corresponds to the curved integrable analogues of homogeneous polynomial perturbations of H that are separable in parabolic coordinates. Integrable perturbations of Hκ are also fully presented, and they can be regarded as the curved counterpart of integrable rational perturbations of the Euclidean Hamiltonian H. It will be explicitly shown that the latter perturbations can be understood as the ‘negative index’ counterpart of the curved Ramani series of potentials. Furthermore, it is shown that the integrability of the curved Hénon-Heiles Hamiltonian Hκ is preserved under the simultaneous addition of curved analogues of ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ families of Ramani potentials.