Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MiR-140-3p Ameliorates The Inflammatory Response of Airway Smooth Muscle Cells by Targeting HMGB1 to Regulate The JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway

Objective The growth and migration of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) are dysregulated in asthma. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases including asthma. Instead, the function of miR-140- 3p in ASMCs’ dysregulation in asthma remains inconclusive. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of miR-140-3p in ASMCs’ dysregulation. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, ASMCs were stimulated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)- BB to construct an asthma cell model in vitro. MiR-140-3p expression level in the plasma of 50 asthmatic patients and 50 healthy volunteers was measured with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Besides, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to detect the contents of interleukin (IL) -1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the cell culture supernatant of ASMCs. Additionally, CCK-8 and transwell assays were adopted to probe the multiplication and migration of ASMCs. In addition, the western blot was employed to examine HMGB1, JAK2, and STAT3 protein expressions in ASMCs after miR-140-3p and HMGB1 were selectively regulated. Results miR-140-3p expression was declined in asthmatic patients' plasma and ASMCs stimulated by PDGF-BB. Upregulating miR-140-3p suppressed the viability and migration of the cells and alleviated the inflammatory response while inhibiting miR-140-3p showed opposite effects. Additionally, HMGB1 was testified as the target of miR-140-3p. HMGB1 overexpression could reverse the impact of miR-140-3p upregulation on the inflammatory response of ASMCs stimulated by PDGF-BB. MiR-140-3p could repress the activation of JAK2/STAT3 via suppressing HMGB1. Conclusion In ASMCs, miR-140-3p can inhibit the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway by targeting HMGB1, thus ameliorating airway inflammation and remodeling in the pathogenesis of asthma.
Projective normality of toric 3-folds with non-big adjoint hyperplane sections

Let $(X, A)$ be a nonsingular polarized toric 3-fold. We show that if the adjoint bundle of $A$ has no glabal section, then all ample line bundles on $X$ are normally generated. Even if the adjoint bundle is effective, if it is not big, then it is shown the normal generation. In particular, we show that all ample line bundles on a nonsingular toric Fano 3-fold are normally generated.
From Gas to Stars over Cosmic Time

The formation of stars from gas drives the evolution of galaxies. Yet, it remains one of the hardest processes to understand when trying to connect observations of modern and highredshift stellar and galaxy populations to models of large scale structure formation. It has become clear that the star formation rate at redshifts z > 2 drops off rather more quickly than was thought even five years ago. Theoretical models have tended to overpredict the star formation rate at these high redshifts substantially, primarily due to overcooling. Overcooling in galaxies typically occurs because of unphysical radiative cooling. As a result, insufficient turbulence is driven by stellar feedback in galaxies. I show that such turbulence has the net effect of strongly inhibiting star formation, despite its ability to locally promote star formation by compression. Radiation pressure appears less likely to be a dominant driver of the turbulence than has been argued, but supernova and magnetorotational instabilities remain viable mechanisms. Gravity alone cannot be the main driver, as otherwise well-resolved models without feedback would accurately predict star formation rates. Star formation rate surface density correlates well with observed molecular gas surface density, as well as with other tracers of high density material. Correlation does not, however, necessarily imply causation. In this case, it appears that both molecule formation and star formation occur as a consequence of gravitational collapse, with molecules typically playing an important but not an essential role in cooling. The basic concept that gravitational instability drives star formation remains a true guide through the thickets of complexity surrounding this topic. I finally briefly note that understanding ionization heating and radiation pressure from the most massive stars will likely require much higher resolution models (sub-parsec scale) than resolving supernova feedback.
Fluctuations of Biggins’ martingales at complex parameters

The long-term behavior of a supercritical branching random walk can be described and analyzed with the help of Biggins' martingales, parametrized by real or complex numbers. The study of these martingales with complex parameters is a rather recent topic. Assuming that certain sufficient conditions for the convergence of the martingales to non-degenerate limits hold, we investigate the fluctuations of the martingales around their limits. We discover three different regimes. First, we show that for parameters with small absolute values, the fluctuations are Gaussian and the limit laws are scale mixtures of the real or complex standard normal law. We also cover the boundary of this phase. Second, we find a region in the parameter space in which the martingale fluctuations are determined by the minimal positions in the branching random walk. Finally, there is a critical region (typically on the boundary of the set of parameters for which the martingales converge to a non-degenerate limit) where the fluctuations are stable-like and the limit laws are the laws of randomly stopped L\'evy processes satisfying invariance properties similar to stability.
A modification of Wythoff's Nim

We modify Wythoff's game by allowing an additional move. The $P$-positions in our game can be derived from the table of letter positions in the Tribonacci word. This is related to the recent solution of the Greedy Queens in a spiral problem. Our analysis involves the table of letter positions of arbitrary $k$-bonacci words. We find a $\mathrm{mex}$-rule that generates the Quadribonacci table, extending work by Duch\^{e}ne and Rigo on the Tribonacci table.
Using thermodynamics to obtain geochemical information from genomes

Thermodynamic characterization of the relative stabilities of chemical compounds is a pillar of conceptual models in various fields of geosciences. Analogous models applied to genomes can yield new information about the relationship between genomes and their geochemical environments. In this perspective article, we present a chemical and thermodynamic analysis of prokaryotic lineages that have been the target of previous phylogenomic studies of evolutionary adaptation to varying redox conditions. The thermodynamic model development begins by quantifying the effects of hydrogen activity (aH2) and temperature on the relative stabilities of organic compounds with different carbon oxidation state. When applied to proteins instead of metabolites, the same techniques can be used to identify combinations of aH2 and temperature at which reference proteomes for Class I or Class II methanogens are relatively stable. The calculated aH2 values are compatible with reported measurements for habitats of methanogens ranging from highly reducing submarine hydrothermal systems to less reducing environments including methanogenic sediments. In contrast to the transition between the two classes of methanogenic archaea, that between basal and terrestrial groups of Thaumarchaeota (denoting the origin of ammonia‐oxidizing archaea) occurs at a less‐reducing redox boundary. These examples reveal the consequences of energy minimization driving evolution and show how geochemical calculations involving biomolecules can be used to quantify and better understand the coevolution of the geosphere and biosphere.
RADIO AND γ-RAY CONSTRAINTS ON THE EMISSION GEOMETRY AND BIRTHPLACE OF PSR J2043+2740

We report on the first year of Fermi γ-ray observations of pulsed high-energy emission from the old PSR J2043 + 2740. The study of the γ-ray efficiency of such old pulsars gives us an insight into the evolution of pulsars’ ability to emit in γ rays as they age. The γ-ray light curve of this pulsar above 0.1 GeV is clearly defined by two sharp peaks, 0.353 ± 0.035 periods apart. We have combined the γ-ray profile characteristics of PSR J2043 + 2740 with the geometrical properties of the pulsar's radio emission, derived from radio-polarization data, and constrained the pulsar-beam geometry in the framework of a two-pole caustic (TPC) and an outer gap (OG) model. The ranges of magnetic inclination and viewing angle were determined to be {α, ζ} ∼ {52°–57°, 61°–68°} for the TPC model, and {α, ζ} ∼ {62°–73°, 74°–81°} and {α, ζ} ∼ {72°–83°, 60°–75°} for the OG model. Based on this geometry, we assess possible birth locations for this pulsar and derive a likely proper motion, sufficiently high to be measurable with VLBI. At a characteristic age of 1.2 Myr, PSR J2043 + 2740 is the third oldest of all discovered, non-recycled, γ-ray pulsars: it is twice as old as the next oldest, PSR J0357 + 32, and younger only than the recently discovered PSR J1836 + 5925 and PSR J2055 + 25, both of which are at least five and ten times less energetic, respectively.
Quantitative Evaluation Methodology for Chassis-Domain Dynamics Performance of Automated Vehicles

Thorough performance evaluation of automated vehicles (AVs) is an essential prerequisite for AVs’ release and deployment. The challenges posed by dynamics performance appraisal of AVs are centered around the complexity of chassis dynamics, performance diversity, and lack of unified quantitative metrics. Therefore, this article proposes a novel quantitative evaluation metric for AVs’ chassis-domain performance. We reveal mathematically explicit chassis steady boundaries of various vehicle maneuvers based on the modeling of chassis-domain dynamics and vehicle spatiotemporal signal analysis for safety-critical AVs. By defining and analyzing the multiperformance appraisal problem, this article gives mathematically prerequisites for evaluation metrics. Then, a rigorous metric is developed to quantify AVs’ safety and comfort performance comprehensively. Wherein, the steady boundaries are leveraged to the metric normalization. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed quantitative evaluation methodology in various scenarios. Test results illustrate that the proposed method provides a quantitative way to test AVs’ integrated dynamics performance.
Orbigraphs: a graph-theoretic analog to Riemannian orbifolds

A Riemannian orbifold is a mildly singular generalization of a Riemannian manifold that is locally modeled on $R^n$ modulo the action of a finite group. Orbifolds have proven interesting in a variety of settings. Spectral geometers have examined the link between the Laplace spectrum of an orbifold and the singularities of the orbifold. One open question in this field is whether or not a singular orbifold and a manifold can be Laplace isospectral. Motivated by the connection between spectral geometry and spectral graph theory, we define a graph theoretic analogue of an orbifold called an orbigraph. We obtain results about the relationship between an orbigraph and the spectrum of its adjacency matrix. We prove that the number of singular vertices present in an orbigraph is bounded above and below by spectrally determined quantities, and show that an orbigraph with a singular point and a regular graph cannot be cospectral. We also provide a lower bound on the Cheeger constant of an orbigraph.
Maternal adherence to healthy lifestyle and risk of depressive symptoms in the offspring: mediation by offspring lifestyle

Abstract Background Adherence to healthy lifestyles can be beneficial for depression among adults, but the intergenerational impact of maternal healthy lifestyles on offspring depressive symptoms is unknown. Methods In total, 10 368 mothers in Nurses' Health Study II and 13 478 offspring in the Growing Up Today Study were paired. Maternal and offspring healthy lifestyles were defined as a composite score including a healthy diet, normal body mass index (BMI), never-smoking, light-to-moderate consumption of alcohol, and regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Maternal lifestyles were assessed during their offspring's childhood. Offspring depressive symptoms were repeatedly assessed five times using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale-10 (CESD-10); the offspring were between the ages of 14 and 30 when the first CESD-10 was assessed. Covariates included maternal variables (age at baseline, race/ethnicity, antidepressant use, pregnancy complications, etc.) and offspring age and sex. Results Children of mothers with the healthiest lifestyle had significantly fewer depressive symptoms (a 0.30 lower CESD-10 score, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09–0.50) in comparison with children of mothers with the least healthy lifestyle. The association was only found significant in female offspring but not in males. For individual maternal lifestyle factors, a normal BMI, never-smoking, and adherence to regular physical activity were independently associated with fewer depressive symptoms among the offspring. The association between maternal healthy lifestyles and offspring depressive symptoms was mediated by offspring's healthy lifestyles (mediation effect: 53.2%, 95% CI 15.8–87.3). Conclusions Our finding indicates the potential mechanism of intergenerational transmission of healthy lifestyles to reduce the risk of depressive symptoms in offspring.
Metric Diophantine Approximation : aspects of recent work

In these notes, we begin by recalling aspects of the classical theory of metric Diophantine approximation; such as theorems of Khintchine, Jarnik, Duffin-Schaeffer and Gallagher. We then describe recent strengthening of various classical statements as well as recent developments in the area of Diophantine approximation on manifolds. The latter includes the well approximable, the badly approximable and the inhomogeneous aspects.
Transport properties of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn doped Cu0.01Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 for thermoelectric device applications

Bi2Te3 based thermoelectric devices typically use a nickel layer as a diffusion barrier to block the diffusion of solder or copper atoms from the electrode into the thermoelectric material. Previous studies have shown degradation in the efficiency of these thermoelectric devices may be due to the diffusion of the barrier layer into the thermoelectric material. In this work, Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn are intentionally doped into Cu0.01Bi2Te2. 7Se0.3 in order to understand their effects on the thermoelectric material. Thermoelectric transport properties including the Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, carrier concentration, and carrier mobility of Cu0.01Bi2Te2. 7Se0.3 doped with 2 atomic percent M (M = Ni, Co, Fe, Mn) as Cu0.01Bi2Te2. 7Se0.3M0. 02 are studied in a temperature range of 5-525 K. It is seen that the introduction of Ni, Co, Fe, or Mn does not affect the overall figure of merit, and therefore demonstrates that the diffusion barrier is not leading to device degradation as pre.
THE GALACTIC CENSUS OF HIGH- AND MEDIUM-MASS PROTOSTARS. II. LUMINOSITIES AND EVOLUTIONARY STATES OF A COMPLETE SAMPLE OF DENSE GAS CLUMPS

The Census of High- and Medium-mass Protostars (CHaMP) is the first large-scale (280° < l < 300°, −4° < b < 2°), unbiased, subparsec resolution survey of Galactic molecular clumps and their embedded stars. Barnes et al. presented the source catalog of ∼300 clumps based on HCO+(1–0) emission, used to estimate masses M. Here we use archival midinfrared-to-millimeter continuum data to construct spectral energy distributions. Fitting two-temperature gray-body models, we derive bolometric luminosities, L. We find that the clumps have 10 ≲ L/L☉ ≲ 106.5 and 0.1 ≲ L/M/[L☉/M☉] ≲ 103, consistent with a clump population spanning a range of instantaneous star-formation efficiencies from 0 to ∼50%. We thus expect L/M to be a useful, strongly varying indicator of clump evolution during the star cluster formation process. We find correlations of the ratio of warm-to-cold component fluxes and of cold component temperature with L/M. We also find a near-linear relation between L/M and Spitzer-IRAC specific intensity (surface brightness); thus, this relation may also be useful as a star-formation efficiency indicator. The lower bound of the clump L/M distribution suggests that the star-formation efficiency per free-fall time is ϵff < 0.2. We do not find strong correlations of L/M with mass surface density, velocity dispersion, or virial parameter. We find a linear relation between L and , although with large scatter for any given individual clump. Fitting together with extragalactic systems, the linear relation still holds, extending over 10 orders of magnitude in luminosity. The complete nature of the CHaMP survey over a several kiloparsec-scale region allows us to derive a measurement at an intermediate scale, bridging those of individual clumps and whole galaxies.
An in vitro whole-cell electrophysiology dataset of human cortical neurons

Abstract Background Whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology is an essential technique for understanding how single neurons translate their diverse inputs into a functional output. The relative inaccessibility of live human cortical neurons for experimental manipulation has made it difficult to determine the unique features of how human cortical neurons differ from their counterparts in other species. Findings We present a curated repository of whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from surgically resected human cortical tissue, encompassing 118 neurons from 35 individuals (age range, 21–59 years; 17 male, 18 female). Recorded human cortical neurons derive from layers 2 and 3 (L2&3), deep layer 3 (L3c), or layer 5 (L5) and are annotated with a rich set of subject and experimental metadata. For comparison, we also provide a limited set of comparable recordings from 21-day-old mice (11 cells from 5 mice). All electrophysiological recordings are provided in the Neurodata Without Borders (NWB) format and are available for further analysis via the Distributed Archives for Neurophysiology Data Integration online repository. The associated data conversion code is made publicly available and can help others in converting electrophysiology datasets to the open NWB standard for general reuse. Conclusion These data can be used for novel analyses of biophysical characteristics of human cortical neurons, including in cross-species or cross-lab comparisons or in building computational models of individual human neurons.
What lies between a free adiabatic expansion and a quasi-static one?

An expression is found that relates the initial and final volumes and temperatures for any adiabatic process. It is given in terms of a parameter r that smoothly interpolates between a free adiabatic expansion (r = 0) and a quasi-static one (r = 1). The parameter has to be evaluated numerically, but an approximate expression is given.
Prevalence of Polypharmacy in Patients With Vestibular and Balance Complaints

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of polypharmacy in patients presenting with dizziness to a tertiary neurotology clinic and analyze the association between polypharmacy and clinical characteristics. Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional review. Demographics, symptoms, diagnoses, medications, audiometry, dizziness handicap index (DHI) scores, and cognitive failure questionnaire (CFQ) scores were extracted from charts of patients seen as new patients from September 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020, with a primary complaint of dizziness. Results: A total of 382 patients were included. More than two-thirds of the patients (n = 265, 69.4%) met criteria for polypharmacy (≥5 medications), of which most (n = 249, 94.0%) were prescribed a potentially ototoxic drug. Approximately 10% of patients were taking five or more ototoxic medications (oto-polypharmacy). Polypharmacy was correlated to age and was more common for patients with diabetes, hypertension, other cardiovascular comorbidities, and depression (odds ratio [OR], 3.73–6.67; p < 0.05). Polypharmacy was twice as likely in patients with mild to moderate hearing loss (OR 2.02 [1.24–3.29] and OR 2.13 [1.06–4.27], respectively; p < 0.05) and ~1.5× more likely in patients who had moderate to severe DHI scores (OR 1.65 [1.05–2.59] and OR 1.63 [1.00–2.65], respectively; p < 0.05). Patients with polypharmacy also had higher CFQ scores compared to those without polypharmacy (CFQ 32.5 [19.0–48.0] versus CFQ 25.0 [13.0–40.0]; p = 0.002. Oto-polypharmacy was more common for patients with lightheadedness as a dizziness descriptor (OR 3.16 [1.56–6.41]; p < 0.01). However, oto-polypharmacy was only more common for patients with mild to moderate hearing loss (OR 2.69 [1.33–5.45] and OR 2.86 [1.31–6.20], respectively; p < 0.01) and severe DHI scores (2.31 [1.12–4.77], p = 0.02). Conclusions: The prevalence of polypharmacy in patients with vestibular disorders is high. Some of the medications that patients are on are also potentially ototoxic at variable degrees. Polypharmacy is more common when lightheadedness is one of the dizziness descriptors and seems to be associated with worse scores on patient-reported outcome measures (DHI, CFQ). Medication reconciliation and multidisciplinary involvement could help to better address polypharmacy in this patient population. However, further investigation is needed to elucidate polypharmacy’s role in symptom presentation, vestibular testing results, and therapeutic strategies.
Gauss-Bonnet holographic superconductors with magnetic field

We study the Gauss-Bonnet (GB) holographic superconductors in the presence of an external magnetic field. We describe the phenomena away from the probe limit. We derive the critical magnetic field of the GB holographic superconductors with backreaction. Our analytical approach matches the numerical calculations. We calculate the backreaction corrections up to first order of κ2 O(κ2=8πG) at the critical temperature TC and the critical magnetic field BC for a GB superconductor. We show that the GB coupling α makes the condensation weaker but the backreaction corrections O(κ2) make the critical magnetic field stronger.
A MULTI-PERIOD OSCILLATION IN A STELLAR SUPERFLARE

Flares that are orders of magnitude larger than the most energetic solar flares are routinely observed on Sun-like stars, raising the question of whether the same physical processes are responsible for both solar and stellar flares. In this Letter, we present a white-light stellar superflare on the star KIC 9655129, observed by NASA’s Kepler mission, with a rare multi-period quasi-periodic pulsation (QPP) pattern. Two significant periodic processes were detected using the wavelet and autocorrelation techniques, with periods of 78 ± 12 minutes and 32 ± 2 minutes. By comparing the phases and decay times of the two periodicities, the QPP signal was found to most likely be linear, suggesting that the two periodicities are independent, possibly corresponding either to different magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modes of the flaring region or different spatial harmonics of the same mode. The presence of multiple periodicities is a good indication that the QPPs were caused by MHD oscillations and suggests that the physical processes in operation during stellar flares could be the same as those in solar flares.