Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variations in abundance and diversity of copepods in Mond River estuary, Bushehr, Persian Gulf

Abstract. Hedayati A, Pouladi M, Vazirizadeh A, QadermarziA, Mehdipour N. 2017. Seasonal variations in abundance and diversity of copepods in Mond River estuary, Bushehr, Persian Gulf. Biodiversitas 18: 447-452. The present study was carried out to investigate the abundance and biodiversity of copepods from Mond River (MR) estuary, Bushehr, Persian Gulf during 4 seasons and their relationships with environmental factors. The water samples were collected in mid-season from spring 2012 to winter 2013 for one year period. Copepod samples were collected by using of 140 Âµm plankton net with 25 cm mouth diameter and vertical towing in all stations. Copepod assemblages were comprised of 4 orders, 13 families and 10 genera. Orders were included; Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Poecilostomatoida, Harpacticoida and Genera were included: Cathocalanus, Acrocalanus, Paracalanus, Subeucalanus, Centropages, Temora, Calanopia, Labidocera, Pontella, Acartia, Oithona, Oncaea, Corycaeus, Microsetella, Microsetella and Euterpina. The order Calanoida with 10 genera was the most diverse and dominant order between Identified orders. The means (Â±SE) of copepods abundance were recorded in spring (5853.4Â±1826.19 Individual m-3), in summer (6707.6Â±1930.15 Ind. m-3), in fall (4393.6Â±1263.37 Ind. m-3) and in winter (3400Â±763.98 Ind. m-3), respectively. Simpson and Shannon-Wiener biodiversity indices were obtained in spring (0.87Â±0.11 and 2.86Â±0.19), in summer (0.89Â±0.006 and 3.11Â±0.15), in fall (0.86Â±0.13 and 2.66Â±0.2) and in winter (0.83Â±0.12 and 2.39Â±0.15), respectively. The copepod assemblages had most amounts of diversity and abundance at station 5 in all seasons. Pearson correlation showed significant correlation between copepod diversity and abundance with salinity, pH and temperature. Results showed that salinity factor was more effective environmental factor on Simpson (0.01> P and r=0.783) and Shannon-Weiner indices (0.01> P and r=0.727), and copepods abundance (0.01> P and r=0.664) in MR estuary.Keywords: Abundance, copepod, diversity, environmental factor, Mond Estuary
Short-term cellular memory tunes the signaling responses of the chemokine receptor CXCR4

Recent signaling events determine how CXCR4 activates its downstream effector kinases. Remembering the past for CXCR4 signaling Activation of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 by its ligand CXCL12 enables cancer cells to disseminate and metastasize. Spinosa et al. performed imaging analysis and computational modeling to analyze signaling responses mediated by CXCR4 at the single-cell level. CXCR4 can signal through the kinases Akt and ERK. The authors found that exposing cells to different growth-promoting stimuli before CXCL12 altered the activity of upstream kinases (PI3K and Ras) or of a common downstream kinase complex (mTORC1) to bias CXCR4 signaling through either Akt or ERK. Furthermore, kinase inhibitors that are clinically used to treat cancer increased the likelihood of CXCR4 activation of Akt and/or ERK, suggesting that such drugs may inadvertently promote pro-metastatic CXCR4 signaling. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 regulates fundamental processes in development, normal physiology, and diseases, including cancer. Small subpopulations of CXCR4-positive cells drive the local invasion and dissemination of malignant cells during metastasis, emphasizing the need to understand the mechanisms controlling responses at the single-cell level to receptor activation by the chemokine ligand CXCL12. Using single-cell imaging, we discovered that short-term cellular memory of changes in environmental conditions tuned CXCR4 signaling to Akt and ERK, two kinases activated by this receptor. Conditioning cells with growth stimuli before CXCL12 exposure increased the number of cells that initiated CXCR4 signaling and the amplitude of Akt and ERK activation. Data-driven, single-cell computational modeling revealed that growth factor conditioning modulated CXCR4-dependent activation of Akt and ERK by decreasing extrinsic noise (preexisting cell-to-cell differences in kinase activity) in PI3K and mTORC1. Modeling established mTORC1 as critical for tuning single-cell responses to CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling. Our single-cell model predicted how combinations of extrinsic noise in PI3K, Ras, and mTORC1 superimposed on different driver mutations in the ERK and/or Akt pathways to bias CXCR4 signaling. Computational experiments correctly predicted that selected kinase inhibitors used for cancer therapy shifted subsets of cells to states that were more permissive to CXCR4 activation, suggesting that such drugs may inadvertently potentiate pro-metastatic CXCR4 signaling. Our work establishes how changing environmental inputs modulate CXCR4 signaling in single cells and provides a framework to optimize the development and use of drugs targeting this signaling pathway.
Automatic articular cartilage segmentation with multiple models

In this paper a method for cartilage segmentation of human knee from MRI images using multiple models is presented. Initially we trained a model with three types of knee MRI scans using existing set of large data called as training set. This training set includes features of pixels and their classes such as background and cartilage. Multiple k-NN models based on MRI scan type and slice number are used to segment cartilage from knee MRI scan. Multiple models are required for different types of MRI scans which have different levels of intensities. Each MRI scan has around 20 slices in which few slices in middle have more cartilage pixels than other slices. The performance of proposed method is evaluated on knee MRI scan and comparison is carried out with manual segmentation by a radiologist. It is revealed that proposed technique improves accuracy and processing time during segmentation of cartilage.
Occurrence of Contracaecum bancrofti larvae in fish in the Murray–Darling Basin

Abstract There is a paucity of information on the diversity and occurrence of freshwater fish parasites in Australia. This study investigates the distribution and occurrence of a parasitic nematode of the genus Contracaecum in freshwater fish from south-eastern Australia. Fish (n = 508) belonging to nine species and eight families were collected from eight wetlands associated with the Murrumbidgee River floodplain in the southern Murray–Darling Basin and subjected to laboratory examination. Third-stage nematode larvae were found in eight of the nine fish species. The exception was the fly-specked hardeyhead (Craterocephalus stercusmuscarum), although only one specimen of this species was examined. Nematode larvae were identified as Contracaecum bancrofti using a combined morphological and molecular approach. The parasite was most prevalent in weather loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus; 34.8%) and Australian smelt (Retropinna semoni; 21.4%), followed by carp (Cyprinus carpio; 9.5%), of which the former and latter are non-native species. Contracaecum prevalence differed between locations, with Two Bridges having the highest number of infected fish. This may be due to the higher number of suitable host species collected at these localities. Contracaecum spp. are parasites with low host specificity that have also been reported in Australian marine fish, humans and piscivorous birds. The high parasite prevalence in the two abundant non-native fish species in the region suggests that they act as a suitable host for this endemic parasite, resulting in the increase in the parasite population. It would be interesting to study host–parasite interactions in this area, especially if introduced fish populations declined dramatically in the attempt to eradicate them or control their population.
Glycyrrhizic Acid Improves Cognitive Levels of Aging Mice by Regulating T/B Cell Proliferation

Licorice is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Leguminosae), which grows in various warm climates such as the Middle East, Asia, and Southern Europe. It is one of the oldest known medicinal herbs and is referred to as “the father of herbal medicine. ” Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) (Fig. 1A), a triterpenoid saponin, is a major component of licorice. It has a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, neuroprotective, and immune effects, among others. [1]. Previous studies indicated that GA produces robust neuroprotection via the modulation of anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic factors, primarily through the ERK signaling pathway and its anti-inflammatory properties against high-mobility group box 1 phosphorylation and the suppression of inflammatory cytokine induction [2-4]. These results were based on pathological models. Although numerous pathways have been implicated in the neuroprotective effects of GA, the molecular mechanisms are not yet completely understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of GA in preventing age-related immune involution and cognitive disorders, the relationship between immune involution and cognition, and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Reed-Muller Codes Polarize

Reed-Muller (RM) codes were introduced in 1954 and have long been conjectured to achieve Shannon’s capacity on symmetric channels. The activity on this conjecture has recently been revived with the emergence of polar codes. RM codes and polar codes are generated by the same matrix $\begin{aligned} G_{m}= \left[{\begin{smallmatrix}1 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 \\ \end{smallmatrix}}\right]^{\otimes m} \end{aligned}$ but using different subset of rows. RM codes select simply rows having largest weights. Polar codes select instead rows having the largest conditional mutual information proceeding top to down in $G_{m}$ ; while this is a more elaborate and channel-dependent rule, the top-to-down ordering allows Arıkan to show that the conditional mutual information polarizes, and this gives directly a capacity-achieving code on any symmetric channel. RM codes are yet to be proved to have such a property, despite the recent success for the erasure channel. In this article, we connect RM codes to polarization theory. We show that proceeding in the RM code ordering, i.e., not top-to-down but from the lightest to the heaviest rows in $G_{m}$ , the conditional mutual information again polarizes. Here “polarization” means that almost all the conditional mutual information becomes either very close to 0 or very close to 1. Polarization itself is a necessary condition for RM codes to achieve capacity on symmetric channels while polarization together with a strong order on the conditional mutual information gives a sufficient condition, where strong order means that rows with larger weight always correspond to larger conditional mutual information. Although we are not able to prove the strong order, we establish a partial order on the conditional mutual information, which is a subset of the strong order. While the main results of this article–polarization together with the partial order–provide some advances on the capacity-achieving conjecture of RM codes, we emphasize that our results do not allow us to prove the conjecture.
The Study of Electrolyte Solutions Based on Ethylene and Diethyl Carbonates for Rechargeable Li Batteries I . Li Metal Anodes

The behavior of Li electrodes was studied in ethylene and diethyl carbonates (EC-DEC) solutions of LiAsF{sub 6}, LiClO{sub 4}, LiBF{sub 4}, and LiPF{sub 6}. The correlation of the surface chemistry to the interfacial properties, morphology, and Li cycling efficiency was investigated using surface sensitive Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive microanalysis, and standard electrochemical techniques. The Li surface chemistry is initially dominated by EC reduction to an insoluble species, probably (CH{sub 2}OCO{sub 2}Li){sub 2}. Upon storage, several aging processes may take place, depending on the salt used. Their mechanisms are discussed. Although EC-DEC solutions were found to be adequate for Li ion rechargeable batteries, this work indicates that they are not suitable as electrolyte solutions for batteries with Li metal electrodes. This is mostly because Li electrodes cannot be considered stable in these systems and Li deposition is highly dendritic.
Mathematical Bioeconomics: The Optimal Management of Renewable Resources.

Introduction. 1. Elementary Dynamics of Exploited Populations. 1.1 The Logistic Growth Model. 1.2 Generalized Logistic Models: Depensation. 1.3 Summary and Critique. 2. Economic Models of Renewable-Resource Harvesting. 2.1 The Open-Access Fishery. 2.2 Economic Overfishing. 2.3 Biological Overfishing. 2.4 Optimal Fishery Management. 2.5 The Optimal Harvest Policy. 2.6 Examples Based on the Schaefer Model. 2.7 Linear Variational Problems. 2.8 The Possibility of Extinction. 2.9 Summary and Critique. 3. Capital-Theoretic Aspects of Resource Management. 3.1 Interest and Discount Rates. 3.2 Capital Theory and Renewable Resources. 3.3 Nonautonomous Models. 3.4 Applications to Policy Problems: Labor Mobility in the Fishery. 4. Optimal Control Theory. 4.1 One-Dimensional Control Problems. 4.2 A Nonlinear Fishery Model. 4.3 Economic Interpretation of the Maximum Principle. 4.4 Multidimensional Optimal Control Problem. 4.5 Optimal Investment in Renewable-Resource Harvesting. 5. Supply and Demand: Nonlinear Models. 5.1 The Elementary Theory of Supply and Demand. 5.2 Supply and Demand in Fisheries. 5.3 Nonlinear Cost Effects: Pulse Fishing. 5.4 Game-Theoretic Models. 5.5 Transboundary Fishery Resources: A Further Application of the Theory. 5.6 Summary and Critique. 6. Dynamical Systems. 6.1 Basic Theory. 6.2 Dynamical Systems in the Plane: Linear Theory. 6.3 Isoclines. 6.4 Nonlinear Plane-Autonomous Systems. 6.5 Limit Cycles. 6.6 Gause's Model of Interspecific Competition. 7. Discrete-Time and Metered Models. 7.1 A General Metered Stock-Recruitment Model. 7.2 The Beverton-Holt Stock-Recruitment Model. 7.3 Depensation Models. 7.4 Overcompensation. 7.5 A Simple Cohort Model. 7.6 The Production Function of a Fishery. 7.7 Optimal Harvest Policies. 7.8 The Discrete Maximum Principle. 7.9 Dynamic Programming. 8. The Theory of Resource Regulation. 8.1 A Behavioral Model. 8.2 Optimization Analysis. 8.3 Limited Entry. 8.4 Taxes and Allocated Transferable Quotas. 8.5 Total Catch Quotas. 8.6 Summary and Critique. 9. Growth and Aging. 9.1 Forestry Management: The Faustmann Model. 9.2 The Beverton-Holt Fisheries Model. 9.3 Dynamic Optimization in the Beverton-Holt Model. 9.4 The Case of Bounded F. 9.5 Multiple, Cohorts: Nonselective Gear. 9.6 Pulse Fishing. 9.7 Multiple Cohorts: Selective Gear. 9.8 Regulation. 9.9 Summary and Critique. 10. Multispecies Models. 10.1 Differential Productivity. 10.2 Harvesting Competing Populations. 10.3 Selective Harvesting. 10.4 A Diffusion Model: The Inshore-Offshore Fishery. 10.5 Summary and Critique. 11. Stochastic Resource Models. 11.1 Stochastic Dynamic Programming. 11.2 A Stochastic Forest Rotation Model. 11.3 Uncertainty and Learning. 11.4 Searching for Fish. 11.5 Summary and Critique. Supplementary Reading. References. Index.
TREATING POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AMONG AGING VETERANS: WHAT WORKS?

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Problem Statement . 1 Purpose of the Study . 2 Significance to the Field of Social Work . 4 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction . 6 PTSD in Older Veterans . 7 Theories on Treatment. 9 Developing a Thorough Assessment . 10 Generational Differences among Older Veterans . 11 World War II . 11 Korean War . 11 Vietnam War . 12 Treatment Modalities . 13 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy . 13 Group Therapy . 14 Prolonged Exposure Therapy . 15 Account-Making Model . 16 Finland’s Success in Treating PTSD. 17 Theories Guiding Conceptualization . 18
What Stresses Coaches in Competition and Training? An Exploratory Inquiry

This study used an exploratory qualitative approach to identify coaches’ stressors in the distinct settings of competition and training. The 27 participants represented various team and individual sports. Answers to the open-ended question “For what reasons do you as a coach get stressed in competition and training? ” were approached with content analysis. Concerning coaches’ stressors when in training, the raw themes were initially organized into eight (8) lower-order and then into four (4) higher-order categories, whereas 12 lower- and five (5) higher-order categories of stressors in competition were formed. In addition, a category labeled ‘pressure and expectations’ emerged above and beyond the specificities of the training and competition settings. The information gathered in this study offers a new, situation-specific perspective into coach stressors relating to the two major components of their job. Findings are reframed within the existing literature and attention is called to the need for more research on competition and training stressors for enhancing coaching efficiency through education and consulting services.
Florisphaera profunda and the origin and diagenesis of carbonate phases in eastern Mediterranean sapropel units

High relative concentrations of the lower photic zone nannofossil Florisphaera profunda have been reported in all recent eastern Mediterranean sapropels. In the most recent sapropel (S1), high bulk sediment Sr/Ca ratios occur along with high F. profunda contents toward the base of the unit, exemplified here in four cores from 1.5–3.5 km water depth. Co-occurring biogenic carbonates contain insufficient Sr to account for these high Sr concentrations, and X-ray diffraction and selective leaching show that the high Sr/Ca ratios are due to aragonite, the CaCO3 polymorph that is rarely preserved in deep marine sediments, with ∼1 wt % Sr. The possible sources of this aragonite include (1) precipitation with surface ocean production, (2) detrital input from shallow-water sediments by high continental runoff, or (3) postdepositional diagenetic formation driven by increased pore water alkalinity resulting from sulphate reduction. The third formation mechanism for the aragonite is favored, in which case the similarity in the positions of the aragonite and F. profunda abundance maxima in sapropels is probably related to Corg accumulation and resulting sulphide diagenesis that produces high pore water alkalinity. There is clear micropaleontological evidence that dissolution of the less soluble biogenic low-Mg CaCO3 is occurring, or has occurred, during early diagenesis in these sediments despite the coexistence of the more soluble high-Mg calcite and aragonite polymorphs. Similar Sr/Ca maxima are also found associated with older sapropels, always located close both to local minima in surface ocean δ18O that signal maximum monsoon-driven runoff and to maxima in diagenetic sediment sulphide contents. High freshwater flows from monsoons are believed to drive eastern Mediterranean sapropel formation through water column stabilization that favors F. profunda production and later through development of deep water column dysoxia/anoxia because of reduced ventilation. The relative abundances of F. profunda are high between 5 and 11 14C kyr B.P. with a maximum at ∼9 14C kyr B.P. The surface ocean production changes marked by F. profunda therefore begin earlier and finish later than the formation of the S1 sapropel, which only develops between 6 and 10 14C kyr B.P.
Origin and evolution of valleys on Martian volcanoes

Morphological analyses of six Martian volcanoes, Ceraunius Tholus, Hecates Tholus, Alba Patera, Hadriaca Patera, Apollinaris Patera, and Tyrrhena Patera, indicate that fluvial processes were the dominant influence in the initiation and subsequent development of many dissecting valleys. Lava processes and possibly volcanic density flows were also important as valley-forming processes. Fluvial valleys are especially well developed on Alba Patera, Ceraunius Tholus, and Hecates Tholus. These valleys are inset into the surrounding landscape. They formed in regions of subdued lava flow morphology, contain tributaries, and tend to widen slightly in the downstream direction. Lava channels on Alba Patera are located on the crest of lava flows and have a discontinuous, irregular surface morphology, and distributary patterns. These channels sometimes narrow toward their termini. Possible volcanic density flow channels are located on the northern flank of Ceraunius Tholus. Valleys dissecting Apollinaris Patera, Hadriaca Patera, and Tyrrhena Patera appear to have a complex evolution, probably a mixed fluvial and lava origin. They are inset into a subdued (possibly mantled) surface, lack tributaries, and either have fairly constant widths or widen slightly downvalley. Valleys surrounding the caldera of Apollinaris appear to have formed by fluvial and possibly by volcanic density flow processes, while those on the Apollinaris fan structure may have a mixed lava and fluvial origin. Valleys on Tyrrhena have broad flat floors and theater heads, which have been extensively enlarged, probably by sapping. Hadriaca valleys have a trough-shaped form like those on the fan structure on Apollinaris but are more enlarged and have theater heads. Fluvial valleys on the Martian volcanoes generally followed a two-stage evolutionary sequence similar to that of the Hawaiian volcano valleys, including (1) initial formation by surface runoff and (2) subsequent enlargement by groundwater sapping. Because basalt is highly permeable, valleys on Hawaii Island formed only in regions where lava flows were mantled by less permeable volcanic ash. Similarly, fluvial valleys on the Martian volcanoes, particularly those on Alba Patera, formed in regions where lava flow morphology is subdued, probably by ash mantling. Thus the presence or absence of this mantling may explain why fluvial valleys are present on some Martian volcanoes but not on others of the same age. The formation of fluvial or fluvial-modified valleys on the older volcanoes Ceraunius, Hecates, Tyrrhena, Apollinaris, and Hadriaca implies that surface and near-surface water activity was widespread during late Noachian to early Hesperian (period of heavy bombardment). However, the presence of anomalously young fluvial valleys on Alba Patera indicates that fluvial valley activity did not entirely cease near the end of late heavy bombardment but rather persisted in isolated regions until mid to late Amazonian.