Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A counting CdTe pixel detector for hard X-ray and /spl gamma/-ray imaging

A 0.5-mm-thick cadmium telluride (CdTe) semiconductor pixel sensor with 1024 pixels has been bump-bonded onto a two-dimensional (2-D) single photon counting pixel read out chip (MPEC 2.1) using a special gold-stud technique. The pixel size is 200 /spl times/ 200 /spl mu/m/sup 2/, the active area is 6.4 /spl times/ 6.4 mm/sup 2/. The successful operation of this high-Z imaging pixel device is demonstrated. Noise and threshold dispersion as well as the imaging performance are reported.
A Linguistic Analysis Metric in Detecting Ransomware Cyber-attacks

Originating and striking from anywhere, cyber-attacks have become ever more sophisticated in our modern society and users are forced to adopt increasingly good and vigilant practices to protect from them. Among these, ransomware remains a major cyber-attack whose major threat to end users (disrupted operations, restricted files, scrambled sensitive data, financial demands, etc.) does not particularly lie in number but in severity. In this study we explore the possibility of real-time detection of ransomware source through a linguistic analysis that examines machine translation relative to the Levenshtein Distance and may thereby provide important indications as to attacker’s language of origin. Specifically, the aim of our research is to advance a metric to assist in determining whether an external ransom text is an indicator of either a human- or a machine-generated cyber-attack. Our proposed method works its argument on a set of Eastern European languages but is applicable to a large(r) range of languages and/or probabilistic patterns, being characterized by usage of limited resources and scalability properties.
Lamb wave propagation modelling for damage detection: II. Damage monitoring strategy

Wave propagation modelling is important for reliable damage detection based on Lamb waves. A number of different numerical computational techniques have been developed for wave propagation studies. The local interaction simulation approach, used for modelling sharp interfaces and discontinuities in complex media, has been applied effectively for numerical simulations of elastic wave interaction with structural damage. The paper builds upon this experience and reports numerical investigations of Lamb wave propagation modelling for damage detection in metallic structures. The ultimate objective of these investigations is to demonstrate that numerical simulations can significantly ease the monitoring strategy used for damage detection with Lamb waves. The interaction of fundamental Lamb wave modes with a rectangular damage slot in an aluminium plate is investigated as an example. The second part of the wave propagation studies focuses on the monitoring strategy for damage detection. The effect of sensor position on the amplitude and time of flight of Lamb waves is investigated and discussed for various severities of damage. The results are validated experimentally.
REDUCER: Elimination of Repetitive Codes for Accelerated Iterative Compilation

Low Level Virtual Machine (LLVM) is a widely adopted open source compiler providing numerous optimization opportunities. The discovery of the best optimization sequence in this large space is done via iterative compilation, which incurs substantial overheads, especially for big data applications operating on high volume and variety datasets. The large search space is mostly comprised of identical codes generated via different optimizations. However, no mechanism is implemented inside the LLVM compiler to suppress the redundant testings. In this regard, this paper proposes REDUCER for eliminating the identical code executions by performing Intermediate Representation (IR) level comparisons. REDUCER has been tested using the well-accepted MiCOMP technique in LLVM 3.8 and 9.0 compiler, with embedded (cBench) and big data workloads. In comparison to MiCOMP 19 . 5 k experiments, REDUCER lowers the experiment count up to 327, i.e. 98 %, and on average to 4 375, i.e. 77 %, for cBench (LLVM-3.8). Similarly, for LLVM-9.0 the reductions are up to 1 931, i.e. 90 %, and on average 5 863, i.e. 69.9 %. Due to the significant experiment reduction, for embedded workloads, the iterative compilation is up to 58 . 6 × and on average 4 . 1 × faster with REDUCER (LLVM-3.8) than Mi-COMP, whereas, with REDUCER (LLVM-9.0) the compilation is up to 8 . 5 × and on average 2 . 9 × faster. Moreover, REDUCER is found to be scalable and efficient for big data workloads where the iterative compilation is reduced to few days, as code is compared one time only for a single application tested on multiple datasets.
Proposed Methodology for Estimating Rideshare Viability Within an Organization: Application to the MIT Community

Ridesharing as a mode of travel is a potential solution to a variety of the transportation sectors toughest challenges including congestion relief, increased energy security, reduced GHG emissions and improved travel options. However, the transportation literature provides little quantified assessment of ridesharing’s overall potential. This paper proposes a data driven methodology for estimating the viability of ridesharing at an organizational scale, and seeks to demonstrate its applicability using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology commuting population as a case. The methodology seeks to improve upon previous research by differentiating between modeled rideshare potential based on known trip characteristics, and observed rideshare behavior, within the same commuting population. By comparing rideshare potential to observed behavior,inferences can be made about the relative importance of trip characteristics vs. the importance of human attitudes in rideshare arrangements. MIT-specific results suggest that between 50% and 77% of the commuting population could rideshare on a maximum-effort day. These are values significantly higher than the 8% of the MIT community that currently choose to rideshare. Maximum achievable VMT reductions from daily ridesharing are between 9% and 27%. The disparity between the modeled potential and observed behavior suggests that human attitudes are a much larger barrier to increased rideshare participation than incompatible trip characteristics. The results suggest that policy makers seeking to increase rideshare participation may want to target large organizations and focus their efforts on personalized travel planning in an effort to improve attitudes towards ridesharing.
Wintertime subarctic new particle formation from Kola Peninsula sulfur emissions

Abstract. The metallurgical industry in the Kola Peninsula, north-west Russia, form, after Norilsk, Siberia, the second largest source of air pollution in the Arctic and subarctic domain. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from the ore smelters are transported to wide areas, including Finnish Lapland. We performed investigations on concentrations of SO2, aerosol precursor vapours, aerosol and ion cluster size distributions together with chemical composition measurements of freshly formed clusters at the SMEAR I station in Finnish Lapland relatively close (∼ 300 km) to the Kola Peninsula industrial sites during the winter 2019–2020. We show that highly concentrated SO2 from smelter emissions is converted to sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in sufficient concentrations to drive new particle formation hundreds of kilometres downwind from the emission sources, even at very low solar radiation intensities. Observed new particle formation is primarily initiated by H2SO4–ammonia (negative-)ion-induced nucleation. Particle growth to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) sizes was concluded to result from sulfuric acid condensation. However, air mass advection had a large role in modifying aerosol size distributions, and other growth mechanisms and condensation of other compounds cannot be fully excluded. Our results demonstrate the dominance of SO2 emissions in controlling wintertime aerosol and CCN concentrations in the subarctic region with a heavily polluting industry.
Access to treatment for HIV/AIDS: Report of a meeting of international experts

As of December 2001, the number of people living with HIV/AIDS is estimated at 40 million, and most live in the developing world. Advances in the development and availability of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs have led to a paradigm shift in most of the industrialized world, where highly active ARV therapy has resulted in a significant reduction in the prevalence of AIDS-related morbidity and mortality. In most of the developing world, however, the focus of national programs and international support continues to be on prevention and care in the absence of ARV treatment. While the moral imperative to provide the best possible treatment for people with AIDS-related disease is widely recognized, national governments and donors have been reluctant to enter into this endeavor citing numerous concerns. Ministries of health and the international donor community need guidance on developing and implementing effective HIV/AIDS treatment programs. To explore and prioritize operations research questions about access to treatment for HIV/AIDS, the Horizons Program convened a two-day meeting of international researchers and program managers in Washington, DC, on June 12–13, 2001. This report presents the findings and recommendations discussed at the meeting.
The Application of Nitric Oxide for Ocular Hypertension Treatment

Despite of various therapeutic methods for treating ocular hypertension and glaucoma, it still remains the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering is the most effective way to slow disease progression and prevent blindness. Among the ocular hypotensive drugs currently in use, only a couple act on the conventional outflow system, which is the main pathway for aqueous humor outflow and the major lesion site resulting in ocular hypertension. Nitric oxide (NO) is a commendable new class of glaucoma drugs that acts on the conventional outflow pathway. An increasing number of nitric oxide donors have been developed for glaucoma and ocular hypertension treatment. Here, we will review how NO lowers IOP and the types of nitric oxide donors that have been developed. And a brief analysis of the advantages and challenges associated with the application will be made. The literature used in this review is based on Pubmed database search using ‘nitric oxide’ and ‘glaucoma’ as key words.
Comparison between Membrane and Thermal Dealcoholization Methods: Their Impact on the Chemical Parameters, Volatile Composition, and Sensory Characteristics of Wines

Over the last few years, the dealcoholization of wine has piqued the interest of winemakers and researchers. Physical dealcoholization methods are increasingly used in the dealcoholization of wines because they can partially or completely reduce the alcohol content of wines. This study aimed to compare the chemical parameters, volatile composition and sensory quality of white, rosé and red wines dealcoholized by two physical dealcoholization methods: reverse osmosis (RO) and vacuum distillation (VD) at 0.7% v/v ethanol. RO and VD effectively reduced the ethanol concentration in all wines to the required 0.7% v/v, but also significantly affected most chemical parameters. The pH, free sulfur dioxide, total sulfur dioxide, and volatile acidity decreased significantly due to dealcoholization by RO and VD, while reducing sugars and total acidity increased significantly. VD resulted in higher color intensity, which was perceptible in dealcoholized rosé and red wines, while RO caused notable color differences in dealcoholized white and red wine fractions. RO were richer in esters (more ethyl esters and isoamyl acetate), higher alcohols, organic acids, terpenics and C13-norisoprenoids, and carbonyl compounds, while wines dealcoholized with VD had lower levels of these volatile compounds, which may reflect both the loss of esters into the distillate during evaporation and condensation (in the case of VD) and a shift in the chemical equilibrium responsible for ester formation and hydrolysis after ethanol removal. β-damascenone exhibited the highest OAV in all wines, however, losses equal to 35.54–61.98% in RO dealcoholized fractions and 93.62% to 97.39% in VD dealcoholized fractions were observed compared to the control wines. The predominant aroma series in the original and dealcoholized wines were fruity and floral but were greatly affected by VD. Sensory evaluation and PCA showed that dealcoholization by RO improved the fruity and floral notes (in rosé and red wines), color intensity, sweetness, viscosity, and aroma intensity better than dealcoholization by VD, while VD mainly enhanced the color of the dealcoholized wines. Both methods increased the acidity of the respective dealcoholized wines. Nevertheless, RO dealcoholized wines achieved higher acceptance by the panelists than VD dealcoholized wines. Therefore, RO may be a better method for producing dealcoholized (0.7% v/v) wines with minimal impact on aroma and sensory quality.
Design of discrete coefficient FIR filters using LMS algorithm

Two design techniques are proposed that can be used to design high-order discrete coefficient (FIR finite impulse response) filters. Both techniques are stochastic, in the sense that they randomly search in the discrete space of the filter coefficients for more optimal solutions than an existing one. The LMS algorithm is used to confine the search to those points that have a higher chance of being a good solution. The unique feature of the proposed techniques is their computing time, which increases only proportionally to the square of the filter length, as opposed to the other existing techniques, whose computer time increases exponentially with the length of the filter. <<ETX>>
Numerical Prediction of Sloshing Loads in Ship Tanks

The present work is about the estimation of sloshing loads in partially filled tanks of a ship for design purpose. Two oil tankers of different dimensions were taken for this study. Ship motions for several wave-heading angles were computed using potential flow solver. Relevant period for sloshing was determined based on the seakeeping analysis. Critical fill levels of the tanks (with respect to sloshing) were identified from all possible set of motions. The numerical simulation of tank fluid motions for critical fill level was performed, using general fluid flow solver, ANSYS CFX. Prior to applying the method to ship tanks a validation study was carried out. The method was validated against the experimental results obtained by Hinatsu et al. (2001). Pressures at various locations of the tank were computed and were compared with the Common Structural Rules for Oil Tankers (CSR). Pressure time history obtained from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations was applied on the tank bulkhead to get the structural response, using ANSYS Mechanical.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Two-Dimensional Numerical Study on Characterization of Low-Pressure Capacitively Coupled Argon Discharges

This paper presents an investigation of argon capacitively coupled plasma at low pressure. A two-dimensional, time-dependent fluid model is used to describe the production, transport, and destruction of electrons and positive ions. The model is solved for a GEC(gaseous electronics conference) Cell reactor type (with 4cm diameter and 2.5cm interelectrode distance) operating at frequency 13.56MHz, pressure 1Torr and applied voltage 1000V, in pure argon. Two-dimensional distributions are presented in the stationary state, including electron temperature and species density i.e. electron, ion and metastable atom. The electric field and electric potential at different phases in one RF cycle is also studied.
Expression of miR-210, miR-137, and miR-153 in Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction

Aim To explore the expression levels of miR-210, miR-137, and miR-153 in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Material and Methods. 76 patients with acute cerebral infarction treated in our hospital from April 2016 to October 2017 were enrolled as the observation group. Another 64 normal patients were selected as the control group. The patients were divided into the death and survival groups based on 1-year mortality of patients. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-210, miR-137, and miR-153 in the serum of each group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was employed to analyze the diagnostic value and predictive value of miR-210, miR-137 and miR-153 death in patients. The correlation between miR-210, miR-137, and miR-153 in the serum of the observation group was analyzed by Pearson's test. Results Levels of miR-210 and miR-137 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while levels of miR-153 in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). The ROC curve of diagnosis of acute cerebral infarction showed that the area under curve of miR-210 was 0.836, that of miR-137 was 0.843, and that of miR-153 was 0.842. The 1-year survival rate was 71.05%. The 1-year survival of the low-expression group of miR-210 and miR-137 was significantly lower than that of the high-expression group, while the 1-year survival of the low-expression group of miR-153 was significantly higher than that of the high-expression group (all P < 0.05). The ROC curve for predicting death showed that the area under curve of miR-210 was 0.786, that of miR-137 was 0.824, and that of miR-153 was 0.858. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the expression of miR-210 was positively correlated with that of miR-137, while miR-137 was negatively correlated with that of miR-153 and miR-210 was negatively correlated with that of miR-153. Conclusion miR-210, miR-137, and miR-153 have a certain value in the diagnosis and prediction of 1-year death of acute cerebral infarction and may be potential diagnostic and predictive indicators.
Performance prediction of distributed power systems based on small-scale prototypes

A method to quantitatively predict performance of distributed power systems (DPS) is presented. A small-scale prototype system is proposed that can be used to predict the performance of the large full-scale DPS. Two experimental implementations of the design procedure are discussed, each with different accuracy and complexity. Experiments verify that the small-scale prototypes provide performance benchmarks for the full-scale DPS.
PENDUGAAN KANDUNGAN BETA KAROTEN IKAN LOMPA (Thryssa baelama) DI PERAIRAN PANTAI APUI, MALUKU TENGAH

Perairan Pantai Apui merupakan salah satu habitat ikan Lompa (Thryssa baelama) di Maluku Tengah dari area penyebaran di seluruh dunia. Ikan Lompa berpotensi menjadi makanan fungsional sebagai sumber beta karoten. Penelitian ini bertujuan menduga potensi beta karoten ikan Lompa di Perairan Pantai Apui dengan pendekatan dinamika populasi berdasarkan Virtual Population Analysis. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara menghitung parameter dinamika populasi ikan Lompa beserta dengan biomasa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dugaan panjang asimtotik (L∞) sebesar 14,63 cm, koefisien pertumbuhan (K) sebesar 0,4/tahun, mortalitas alami (M) sebesar 0,9494/tahun, mortalitas penangkapan (F) sebesar 0,4066/tahun. Kondisi stok ikan masih di bawah tangkap lebih (E = 0,30) dengan potensi biomasa sebesar 62,10 ton/tahun dan hasil panen 6,63 ton/tahun. Kandungan beta karoten sebesar 0,22 μg/g berat basah dengan potensi beta karoten berdasarkan biomasa sebesar 13,67 kg/tahun dan hasil panen sebesar 1,46 kg/tahun. Perkiraan rata-rata kontribusi kebutuhan vitamin A ikan Lompa hanya dari beta karoten untuk penduduk Apui masing-masing untuk anak usia 1–3 tahun, anak usia 4–5 tahun, ibu mengandung, dan ibu menyusui adalah 28,4%; 25,3%; 14,2%; 8,7% per tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan Lompa di Perairan Pantai Apui memiliki potensi kandungan beta karoten yang dapat berkontribusi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan vitamin A bagi penduduk Apui, sehingga ia dapat menjadi makanan fungsional untuk kesehatan.
Comparison of Order Review and Release techniques in a dynamic and uncertain job shop environment

This paper proposes a new methodological pattern to assess the effectiveness of Order Review and Release (ORR) techniques in a job shop environment. The standpoint for this new method lies in the following remarks: (i) comparisons among ORR models should be performed in dynamic and uncertain environments; (ii) ORR techniques robustness toward the shop uncertainty and perturbations should be considered; and (iii) ORR models should be compared by changing their features one at a time, instead of comparing completely different ORR techniques. Consistently, we present a comparison among three ORR models, previously developed in literature, aimed at investigating: (i) the impact of a dynamic and uncertain environment on the performances achieved; (ii) the robustness of these ORR models when facing some environmental perturbations, like the system workload, the mix imbalance, the machine unavailability and the processing time variability, that usually take place in real life job shops; and (iii) the overall eff.
Error analysis of students with mathematics learning difficulties in Tibet

A notably high percentage (33%) of students with mathematics learning difficulties (MLD) has been reported in Tibet, which can partly be explained by the current state of mathematics teaching. Less known is what kind of errors these students are making in different types of mathematical tasks. This study investigated the types and frequency of errors made in mathematics tasks by Tibetan seventh-grade students (n = 30) with MLD, as well as whether gender and school type had any effects on these errors. The novel Mathematics Error Pattern Identification Test (MEPIT) was used to identify the following eight different error types: visual-spatial, comprehension, transformation, relevance, fact, procedural, measurement, and presentation. Students identified as having MLD completed the MEPIT in two sessions due to its length (64 items). Regression analysis and t-tests were used. The most frequent error types were fact and comprehension errors. Compared to the boys in the study, the girls seemed to be more vulnerable to fact and relevance errors. The students in the rural school made more comprehension errors compared to the students in the urban school. Our exploratory study calls for further research on assessing errors that students with MLD make in mathematical tasks. MEPIT was shown to be a promising assessment tool for Tibetan teachers to identify errors that students with MLD may make in mathematics tasks.
Full-wave analysis of choking characteristics of sleeve balun on coaxial cables

An optimal design for a sleeve balun with maximum choking on a coaxial cable is determined using a full-wave body of revolution finite difference time domain method with perfectly matched layer boundary conditions. An analysis of the sensitivity of choke length L and outer diameter R/sub 2/ on choking effectiveness was carried out. A balun with L=77.5 mm (0.232/spl lambda//sub 0/) and R/sub 2/=8 mm on a cable with R/sub 1/=2 mm (R/sub 2//R/sub 1/=4) results in an S/sub 21/ of -20 dB at 900 MHz and -15.5 dB at 2730 MHz. The isolation of the balun at 900 MHz is quickly degraded as the R/sub 2//R/sub 1/ ratio is reduced below 2. Increasing R/sub 2//R/sub 1/ to 8, results in a reduction of optimum balun length L to approximately 0.215/spl lambda//sub 0/, approximately 14% shorter than the typical recommended length for an 'ideal' quarter-wave balun.