Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Effluent Reuse In Sustainable Urban Water Systems: Untapped Opportunities

The main objective of sustainable urban water systems is to satisfy the water related needs of the community at the lowest cost to society whilst minimising environmental and social impacts. This paper explores these objectives in relation to effluent reuse in urban areas. It describes the evolutionary progress of urban water reuse from agricultural reuse, to large scale industrial reuse, and then to dual reticulation for urban developments. It argues that the next step in this progression is to more fully implement the principles of the water quality cascade, and to use the benefits associated with reducing sewage and water transport costs to trade off increased costs associated with distributed treatment and reuse systems. The other key message of the paper is that there is a logical order of investment in methods of sustainable urban water management, both in terms of unit cost and energy intensity, starting with improved efficiency of water use. These options, improved water efficiency, generally have the lowest unit cost, with typical levelised costs of $0.1-0.7/kL. They also result in a reduction of energy use from hot water savings and reduced pumping and treatment. Scheme supplies can vary typically from $0.2-1.2/kL, depending on the cost of augmentation, and have energy intensity levels in the range 300-1,000 kWh/ML. High level reuse can cost between less than $1/kL for large scale industrial reuse, to over $3/kL for dual reticulation schemes. The energy intensity of high level reuse can be as high as 4,000 kWh/ML. The implications of this are clear. Water efficiency options must be invested in first, and to the maximum extent possible. In future, investment in reuse needs to focus on reducing the demand for potable water. In order to avoid the duplication of costs, it needs to be directed to a reduction in the costs of transport of water and sewage. This is particularly the case for sewage transport, where a number of studies indicate that the economies of scale that have been assumed to exist may not, in fact be present. In other words, larger, more centralised networks and treatment systems do not necessarily reduce the per lot cost over the whole life cycle, compared to distributed networks. Several studies have now looked at a mixture of best practice water efficiency, rainwater capture and reuse, effluent reuse in a distributed manner, and ‘smart sewers’. The latter includes small diameter pressurised sewer systems coupled with on site storage, which eliminates wet weather infiltration and also allows control over loading on sewage treatment plants.
Prediction of the System Efficiency of Balanced Automatic Transfer Lines

This paper presents a simulation study of the system efficiency, in terms of production rate, of automatic transfer lines. A particular type of system, referred to as balanced automatic transfer lines, is considered in the study. In such a balanced automatic transfer line, the stations are considered identical in terms of availability and the buffers are uniformly allocated, and only four system design parameters are involved, namely the number of stations, the identical failure and repair rates, and the uniform buffer capacity. Based upon simulation results, an empirical production rate equation is established by using available optimization techniques for fitting non-linear functions. The empirical relationship is validated using further experimental results. It is shown that this empirical equation can be simply used, with a high enough accuracy in many practical applications, to predict production rates of balanced automatic transfer lines with reasonably wide ranges of system design parameters.
Ranking journals: the Best-Worst scaling approach applied to the field of wine economics

ABSTRACT What are the major journals for wine economists? Which ones are the most influential? Journal rankings are intended to reflect the place of a journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that journal, and the prestige associated with it. Since no consensus has been reached as to the superiority of a given methodology, the objective of this paper is to present a new peer evaluation methodology based on a Best-Worst scaling approach applied to the field of research in wine economics and business. The list of relevant journals was drawn from a citation-based analysis and a two-steps survey was launched in 2020 involving academic researchers in this field. The results support the idea that the Best-Worst approach is a useful tool to rank journals through peer evaluation in new fields of research. Further, this exercise is of potential interest for the field of wine economics and those active within it.
A Convolutional Sparsity Regularization for Solving Inverse Scattering Problems

In this letter, a convolutional sparsity regularization (CSR) is introduced into the framework of nonlinear iterative methods for solving inverse scattering problems (ISPs). The permittivity image of scatterers is sparsely represented in a convolutional form with prelearned dictionary filters. The CSR is then incorporated with the subspace-based optimization method (SOM), termed as (SOM-CSR), to reconstruct the target image as a sparse coding by dictionary filters. The whole optimization function of SOM-CSR is solved using an alternative iteration method. Both synthetic and experimental data are employed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed SOM-CSR method. The results demonstrate that the CSR, as a structural constraint, is beneficial to nonlinear iterative reconstruction methods for solving ISP in contrast to pixel-based inversion.
A Discrete System Storage Model for Analyzing Rainfall-Runoff Relationships

ABSTRACT A quasi-linear analysis was conducted for two rainfall-runoff systems. A unit hydrograph method and a discrete system storage relationship were used to quan-tify the quasi-linear effects for small watersheds having mild topography. Unit hydrographs from the tested thir-ty storms varied with storm characteristics when their ratios of peak discharge to total runoff were less than unity. A discrete relationship was derived from a general-ized system storage model proposed by Chow and Kulan-daiswamy (1971). It uses six rainfall intensity and runoff rate terms, and satisfactorily explains the system storage relationships. Both methods simulated hydrographs that compared well with the observed.
Liquid-based dielectric resonator antenna and its application for measuring liquid real permittivities

In this study, a water-based rectangular dielectric resonator antenna is designed and analysed. The compactness of the antenna because of the high relative permittivity of water is demonstrated in both simulation and experiment. In addition, a dielectric resonator antenna-based technique is proposed for measuring liquid permittivities. The resonance frequencies of the antennas with fixed configurations are obtained from finite-element electromagnetic (EM) simulation for liquids with different permittivity values. An analytical model of liquid permittivity as a function of the antenna resonance frequency is then developed. Based on this predictive model, the measurement of the liquid real relative permittivity can be easily achieved by measuring the antenna resonance frequency. The measured permittivity values of distilled water and 10% glucose solution are in agreement with previous data in the literature, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed liquid permittivity measurement technique.
Automatic generation control of an interconnected power system under deregulated environment

The electric power industry is in the beginning throes of a transformation from a cost-based regulated system to a more market-based deregulated structure. This paper attempts to develop a realistic automatic generation control (AGC) model for a two area reheat thermal power system under an open market environment. The analysis is carried out by considering dual rate sampling. Optimum integral gain setting of the controller and inadvertent interchange bias setting have been obtained using the ISE technique considering a performance index as proposed by Kothari et al. (1990) under both the conventional cost based structure as well as the deregulated structure. The effect of various load following contracts on the performance of the controller in a deregulated environment has been investigated.
When does GAN replicate? An indication on the choice of dataset size

Section S2 provides extended qualitative results on the GANs replication experiments in the main paper. Section S3 provides additional results for the effect of threshold α on the dataset ID-replication curves. Section S4 provides additional results for the effect of training image resolution on dataset ID-replication curves. Section S5 shows supporting empirical evidence on our practices to use downscaled images during the calculation of Intrinsic Dimensionality. Section S6 shows replication results defined in semantic embedding space rather than the native pixel space used in the main paper. Section S7 provides additional results on MNIST dataset, which shows the limitation of our method when the dataset is extremely simple. Section S8 shows results comparison between the FID scores and perceptual image quality from our AMT experiment. Section S9 describes our Amazon Mechanical Turk experiment in details.
Evaluation of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Its Correlation with Severity of Liver Cirrhosis Based on Child-Turcotte-Pugh Score in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Barpeta, Assam

BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis (LC) is the final common pathway for all chronic liver diseases. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adults globally. Systemic inflammation has now been proposed to play a crucial role in the natural history of progressive liver damage and is one of the main causes of precipitating compensated liver cirrhosis to decompensated state. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been considered as an important inexpensive biomarker to indicate ongoing inflammation in patients with cirrhosis. The purpose of this study was to find out if there is any significant correlation between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and Child Turcotte Pugh score (CTP) among liver cirrhosis patients. We conducted a cross sectional study involving patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis in Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College & Hospital, Barpeta, from November 2019 to January 2021. All patients were diagnosed based on clinical history, examination and ultrasound. The study enrolled 101 cirrhotic patients irrespective of aetiology. Total white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil count and lymphocyte count were recorded and neutrophil to lymphocyte count was calculated. Child Turcotte Pugh score was calculated by taking data from medical records of the patients. Out of the 101 patients enrolled in our study, majority were males (78). A significant correlation was found between NLR and CTP score in liver cirrhosis patients. The patients with NLR < 3 showed mean CTP score of 6.1 ± 0.55, with NLR in between 3 to 6 showed CTP score of 8.2 ± 1.2 and with NLR > 6 showed mean CTP score of 11 ± 0.76 NLR can be used as a single independent biomarker and a simpler scoring system for assessment of severity of liver cirrhosis but needs further studies and evaluation.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Some Plant Oil Extracts in the Management of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

Four-way olfactometer was used to evaluate Laboratory repellency activities of Azadirachta indica, Jatropha curcas and Dennitia tripetala oil extracts on Tribolium castaneum at 10µl of each oil. Each arm of the olfactometer served as treatment arm with the 3 arms accommodating the 3 test substances, respectively and the 4th arm as control. Various concentrations (1, 2 and 3% V/V) of the essential oils were evaluated for fumigant and contact toxicity against T. castaneum at 8, 16 and 24 hours durations. The results obtained showed that T. castaneum spent significantly (p<0.05) more time (min) in the control arm than the 3 arms accommodating the essential oils. Similarly, significantly (p<0.05) more number of entries were made by the insect into the control arm compared with the test arms. The application of the essential oils significantly (p<0.05) caused higher mortality at 8, 16 and 24hrs than the control for both fumigant and contact tests. The mortality of the T. castaneum increased with increase in the concentration of the essential oils. The 3% concentrations of the oil extracts significantly caused the highest mortality, 67.23±8.72, 69.22± 18.74 and 79.55±9.29% by A. indica, D. tripetala and J. curcas, respectively after 24 hours application in fumigant test. The result also indicated that the contact application of A. indica, D. tripetala and J. curcas at 3% concentrations resulted in 63.07±6.55, 70.10±2.51 and 67.4±4.06% mortality of T. castaneum, respectively. The results suggest that the oil extracts from A. indica, J. curcas and D. tripetala can be used for effective management of T. castaneum infesting stored products.
The use of Web 2.0 tools to develop e-portfolios in a teacher training program : an exploratory survey

Web 2.0 technologies offer educators amazing opportunities for creating an effective and engaging learning environment for their students. In this paper we present how Web 2.0 tools can be successfully used for promoting collaboration and technological skills in teacher education programs. Participated in the study 24 teachers enrolled in a master program in Education at the University of Minho, Braga, Portugal, in the 1 st semester of 2007/2008. The experience involved the use of Web 2.0 tools – Googlepages and GoogleDocs – to build an e-portfolio and explored advanced collaborative interactions and participative assessment as part of the teaching method. %
Secure performance of time reversal precoding technique in miso OFDM systems

Time reversal (TR) has been identified as a promising precoding technique to ensure physical layer security in wireless communications. This paper compares the secure performance of TR and maximum ratio transmission (MRT) precoding techniques in terms of achievable secrecy rate in MISO OFDM systems. Simulation results show that secrecy capacities of both precoding techniques increase with the transmit signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the achievable secrecy rate comparisons between them depend on the number of transmit antennas and transmit SNR. When the number of transmit antennas is small, the achievable secrecy rate of MISO TR OFDM is always better than its counterpart in MISO MRT OFDM, but the difference of the two decreases to zero as the transmit SNR increases; whereas the number of transmit antennas is large, achievable secrecy rates of the two precoding techniques become equivalent.
Analysis of Engineering Change Based on Product Development Network

Engineering change is an important and complex activity for manufacturing enterprises. In order to improve the efficiency of engineering change, designers should pay different attentions to different nodes of product development network. In that case, a method of classifying the nodes was proposed. First, we proposed a method to cluster the nodes based on design structure matrix; then, we analyzed the indexes for evaluating the importance of nodes and studied the method of classifying the nodes of product development network; finally, the experiment of managing a type of motorcycle engine was employed to validate our method and it showed the correctness of the proposed method.
Counteracting Overtourism Using Demarketing Tools: A Logit Analysis Based on Existing Literature

Over the past few decades, demarketing has come up as an unorthodox but potentially strong approach that can be used to counter the negative effects of oversaturation in tourism destinations. This study investigates the difference that demarketing strategies can make on mitigation efforts towards overtourism in destinations across the globe by conducting a meta-analysis of the previous literature examining various case studies on the topic. This study approaches demarketing efforts against overtourism through the lens of the 4Ps of marketing: price, place, product, and promotion. The results of the logit model designate price as the only significant predictor in the mitigation of overtourism through demarketing, with the other three falling short. The findings are enhanced through various other predictors from the literature as well as government effectiveness in the destinations. Moreover, the driving forces such as environmental concerns and community satisfaction have proven to be significant factors as well.
Short-term load forecasting with local ANN predictors

A new technique for artificial neural network (ANN) based short-term load forecasting (STLF) is presented in this paper. The technique implemented active selection of training data, employing the k-nearest neighbors concept. A novel concept of pilot simulation was used to determine the number of hidden units for the ANNs. The ensemble of local ANN predictors was used to produce the final forecast, whereby the iterative forecasting procedure used a simple average of ensemble ANNs. Results obtained using data from two US utilities showed forecasting accuracy comparable to those using similar techniques. Excellent forecasts for one-hour-ahead and five-days-ahead forecasting, robust behavior for sudden and large weather changes, low maximum errors and accurate peak-load predictions are some of the findings discussed in the paper.
Common Language of New Era in Sport Clubs: Emojis

Defined as an easy and automated way of expressing emotions in the digital age, emojis are emerging as a new language in the social media world and sports clubs also. For sports clubs, it is of vital importance to communicate and establish effective relations with fans or followers. Hence, almost all professional sports clubs use social media and shape their social media accounts to interact with fans/followers and effectively maintain marketing communication efforts. The aim of this study was to determine the content of emoji usage in tweets of Turkish sports clubs (Besiktas JK, Fenerbahce SK, Galatasaray SK, Istanbul Başakşehir FK, Trabzonspor SK). Since Twitter is one of the most heavily used social media networks of sports clubs, so in this study was preferred. Content analysis method was used to examine emojis used by sports clubs. The study found that sports clubs use emojis that create positive and neutral connotations. Emojis used are heavily determined to be visuals depicting the colors and symbols of sports clubs. The study is the first to examine sports clubs' emojis used. Hence, the study included important results for the management of communication and marketing strategies of sports clubs on social media.
Effects of Supramaximal Velocity on Biomechanical Variables in Sprinting

The effects of running at supramaximal velocity on biomechanical variables were studied in 13 male and 9 female sprinters. Cinematographical analysis was employed to investigate the biomechanics of the running technique. In supramaximal running the velocity increased by 8.5%, stride rate by 1.7%, and stride length by 6.8% over that of the normal maximal running. The elite male sprinters increased their stride rate significantly but did not increase their stride length. The major biomechanical differences between supramaximal and maximal running occurred during the contact phase. In supramaximal running the inclination of the ground shank at the beginning of eccentric phase was more "braking" and the angle of the ground knee was greater. During the ground contact phase, the maximal horizontal velocity of the swinging thigh was faster. The duration of the contact phase was shorter and the flight phase was longer in the supramaximal run as compared to the maximal run. It was concluded that in supramaximal ef.
Evaluation of impact of backbone outages in IP networks

Nationwide IP networks typically include nodes in major cities and the following elements: customer equipment, access routers, backbone routers, peering routers, access links connecting customer equipment to access routers, access routers to backbone routers, and backbone links interconnecting backbone routers. The part of this network consisting of backbone routers and related interconnecting links is referred to as the “backbone”. We develop a new approach for accurately computing the Availability measure of IP networks by directly simulating each type of backbone outage event and its impact on traffic loss. We use this approach to quantify availability improvement as a result of introducing various technological changes in the network such as IGP tuning, high availability router architecture, MPLS-TE and Fast Reroute. A situation, where operational backbone links do not have enough spare capacity to carry additional traffic during the outage time, is referred to as bandwidth loss. We concentrate on one unidirectional backbone link and derive asymptotic approximations for the expected bandwidth loss in the framework of generalized Erlang and Engset models when the total number of resource units and request arrival rates are proportionally large. Simulation results demonstrate good accuracy of the approximations.
Système de chauffage de goutte basé sur l’interaction SAW-liquide

Dans ce travail, nous utilisons l'interaction SAW/liquide afin d'echauffer des microgouttes (10 μl). Le dispositif SAW a ete realise sur un substrat piezoelectrique de niobate de lithium coupe Y+128°, sachant que ce dispositif fonctionne a une frequence de resonance de 39,92MHz. Il a ete demontre qu'un liquide place sur la trajectoire acoustique, interagit fortement avec l'onde acoustique de surface. L'onde de Rayleigh possede une composante longitudinale et une transversale (deplacement elliptique), et c'est cette derniere qui est a l'origine de l'interaction SAW/liquide. L'onde de Rayleigh se propageant a l'interface Air/Piezoelectrique est tres faiblement attenue (0,0043 dBm/mm contre 30 dBm/mmm a l'interface avec l'eau) mais une fois la goutte atteint, elle change de mode de propagation pour se transformer en "Leaky SAW" (propagation avec perte). L'onde de Rayleih sera donc attenuee tres fortement apers une propagation de l'order du millimetre. S'attenuant, elle va ceder de l'energie au liquide sous forme d'ondes longitudinales. La propagation de ces ondes dans le liquide pourra induire (selon l'amplitude de l'onde de Rayleigh) un ecoulement interne a la goute mais aussi un echauffement de celle-ci. Nous voulons, ici, quantifier cet effet (en mode statique) en fonction de la viscosite du fluide et de l'amplitude de la SAW. Pour realiser la viscosite du fluide et de l'amplitude de la SAW. Pour realiser les mesures de temperature de goutte, nous avons utilise une camera infrarouge en mode non-contact, et dans le but d'explorer une grande gamme de viscosite, nous avons utilise des melanges eau/glycerol. Finalement, la temperature du liquide peut etre controlee comme un micro-reacteur puisque elle peut etre le siege d'un melange intense et peut se comporter comme un thermocycleur pour de fortes viscosites et une amplitude des ondes de Rayleigh proche du nanometr. Ceci est potentiellement interessant pour les applications de type "Laboratoire-sur-puce".
A B-Spline Wavelet Based Fault Classification Scheme for High Speed Protection Relaying

This paper presents a new fault detection and classification algorithm based on the wavelet transform. The B-spline wavelet transforms of three phase currents on transmission lines are employed. By comparing the moving average of these transforms, fault types are classified easily. Effects of the fault inception angle, fault distance, and fault impedance are examined. Simulation studies using EMTP show that the wavelet-based algorithm is simple, effective, and robust. Without any modification, the proposed algorithm can be applied to power systems of any voltage level. It is suitable for the high-speed protection relaying.