Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of close neutron star binaries

In binary systems consisting of two neutron stars, the orbit decays by gravitational radiation. A crude model shows that the less massive star may suffer either immediate tidal disruption or slow mass stripping when it reaches its Roche radius, depending on the initial masses and on the details of mass exchange or mass loss. Typical radius, depending on the initial masses and on the details of mass exchange or mass loss. Typical energy releases ar 4 x 10/sup 52/ ergs in gravitational waves before the onset of stripping, 2 x 10/sup 52/ ergs in gravitational waves after the onset of stripping, 2 x 10/sup 53/ ergs in neutrinos after the onset of stripping. The stripping process always ends in tidal disruption of the less massive star after a few seconds or a few hundred revolutions.As the endpoint of binary stellar evolution, such events are estimated to occur only every approx.100 yr out to a radius of 15 Mpc, and are thus less important than supernovae as sources of gravitational waves; the observed wave amplitude would be happrox.10/sup -21/. Such events may occur in Type II supernovae, if the collapsing stellar core rotates rapidly enough to fission into two neutron stars.
Analysing coping strategies of students for online teaching and learning during the Covid-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic led to an increase in the adoption of online teaching and learning. Several studies show that both students and lecturers benefit from online teaching and learning in cases where contact learning cannot take place. However, other studies reveal that some students face challenges during online teaching and learning, requiring them to develop coping mechanisms. Thus, the objective of this study was aimed at accentuating the coping strategies of students for online teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. A non-empirical research design was adopted for this study. Search engines such as ‘Google scholar were used to sample and review documents using keywords to source relevant data that is from 2002 to 2022. Data were analysed using inductive Thematic Content Analysis (TCA). The study's findings show that access to online teaching and learning is challenging for some students. It was also revealed that some students cope with the challenges of online learning and teaching by employing positive strategies such as seeking support while some students employ harmful coping mechanisms such as using drugs and alcohol to cope with the challenges they face during online teaching and learning. The underlined conclusion suggests that online teaching and learning should be accessible and support systems for students should be available. Mobilisation of resources that will help all students to participate in online teaching and learning is needed.
Peningkatan oral and mental activities melalui model problem based learning

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menunjukkan peningkatan Oral activities and Mental activities melalui model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning. Siswa tidak mau bertanya, siswa belum mampu mengemukakan pendapat, dan menyampaikan kesimpulan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2020 hingga Maret 2021. Subyek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas IVB SDN Mojorejo 1 Batu sebanyak 15 siswa. Pengambilan data menggunakan instrument lembar wawancara, lembar observasi, dokumentasi. Lembera observasi digunakan untuk menganalisis Oral activities and Mental activities melalui model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat peningkatan Oral activities and Mental activities melalui model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning. Hal ini dibuktikan pada Oral activities siklus I menunjukkan kategori rendah dengan rata-rata sebesar 2,87 dan siklus II mencapai rata-rata 3,18 dengan kategori tinggi. Sedangkan Mental activities siklus I menunjukkan kategori rendah dengan rata-rata sebesar 2,93 dan siklus II mencapai rata-rata 3,27 dengan kategori tinggi. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu penggunaan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dapat meningkatkan Oral activities and Mental activities. Increasing oral and mental activities through problem based learning model. This study aims to show the improvement of oral activities and mental activities through the problem-based learning model. Students do not want to ask questions, students have not been able to express opinions, and convey conclusions. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) conducted from September 2020 to March 2021. The subjects of this study were 15 students of class IVB SDN Mojorejo 1 Batu. Retrieval of data using the instrument interview sheets, observation sheets, documentation. The observation sheet is used to analyze oral activities and mental activities through the Problem Based Learning learning model. The results showed that there was an increase in Oral activities and mental activities through the Problem Based Learning learning model. This is evidenced in the first cycle oral activities showed a low category with an average of 2.87 and in the second cycle an average of 3.18 with a high category. Meanwhile, the first cycle of mental activities shows a low category with an average of 2.93 and an average of 3.27 in the second cycle. The conclusion of this research is that the use of the Problem Based Learning learning model can improve oral activities and mental activities.
CENTER FOR CYBERNETICSTUDIES

In this paper a new successive shortest path (SSP) algorithm for solving the assignment problem is introduced. A computer implementation of this algorithm has been developed and a discussion of the details of this implementation is provided. Computational results are presented which show this implementation of SSP to be substantially more efficient than several recently developed codes including the best primal simplex code. Also, some new theoretical results are presented which are useful in the implementation of SSP, and it is shown that the algorithm has a computational bound of O(n 3 ), where n is the number of origins.
Integrating computational materials science and materials informatics for the modeling of phase stability

With rapid developments in big data and artificial intelligence technologies, materials informatics has become a new paradigm of materials science and engineering. In this review, the progress of modeling studies of phase stability in alloys is presented, with particular attention given to the development of the paradigm from traditional computational materials science (CMS) to materials informatics. The features of CMS models for phase stability studies are compared with those of data-driven approaches. The advantages of data-driven modeling in the framework of materials informatics are revealed. The approaches for developing interpretable machine learning, which has been mainly integrated with the developed CMS models and material science theories, are also discussed. Finally, the prospects for data-driven materials design based on the stability control of the dominant phases with regards to performance are proposed.
Uncertain Supply

This study aims to examine the effect of entrepreneurial strategy on organizational performance, the effect of social capital on organizational performance with sustainable supply chain management as a mediating variable. Sustainable supply chain management has an important influence on organizational measurement in various industries. It is used in considering environmental impacts and supplier responsibilities. The population in the current study were 390 logistics managers of companies in the manufacturing industry in Indonesia. The sample in this study was taken by purposive sampling, namely the sampling method based on certain criteria and considerations. In this study, hypothesis testing used the Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis technique with the SmartPLS 3.0 application. The data collection technique used is an online survey. The survey was carried out by distributing online questionnaires designed using the 1 to 7 Likert method to managers in the logistics section of the manufacturing industry. The stages of data analysis were to test convergent validity, discriminant validity test, goodness fit model test to meet the R-square value and test the hypothesis. The results show that entrepreneurial strategy and social capital had an influence on organizational performance and sustainable supply chain management. In addition, sustainable supply chain management mediates between organizational performance and entrepreneurial strategy, while social capital sustainable supply chain management does not mediate the organizational performance variables.
ASCA X-Ray Spectroscopy of Large Magellanic Cloud Supernova Remnants and the Metal Abundances of the Large Magellanic Cloud

We present the results of X-ray spectroscopy of a flux-limited sample of seven middle-aged supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC): N23, N49, N63A, DEM 71, N132D, 0453-68.5, and N49B. We constructed self-consistent nonequilibrium ionization SNR models assuming a Sedov solution for the dynamical evolution, and then applied the resulting spectral models to the data obtained by the Solid State Imaging Spectrometer on board the Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics. All the remnants were reasonably well described by the model, which allowed us to derive accurate values for their physical parameters, i.e., ages, densities, initial explosion energies, and metal abundances. The derived explosion energies vary from 5 × 1050 to 6 × 1051 ergs. A restricted subset of the sample exists for which the ionization and Sedov dynamical ages agree quite well under the assumption that the electron and ion temperatures are not fully equilibrated at the shock front; for these four SNRs, the mean value of the initial explosion energy is (1.1 ± 0.5) × 1051 ergs. We show that it is likely that the other three remnants, all of which have inferred explosion energies ≳3 × 1051 ergs, exploded within preexisting cavities in the interstellar medium. The limits on high-energy X-ray emission (≳3 keV) that we present indicate that these SNRs do not contain very luminous pulsar-powered synchrotron nebulae, in general agreement with our picture of them as evolved, middle-aged remnants. We find statistical evidence for enrichment by supernova ejecta in the sense that smaller remnants show a somewhat higher mean metallicity than the larger ones. In the case of DEM 71, the putative remnant of a Type Ia supernova, the derived abundance of iron is about a factor of 2 larger than the other remnants in the sample. These things being said, however, the derived abundances are in general dominated by swept-up interstellar material, and so we use the SNR sample to estimate the mean LMC gas-phase abundances. We find that the astrophysically common elements from oxygen to iron are less abundant than the solar values by factors of 2-4. Overall, these results are consistent with previous ones based on optical and UV data but do not show the anomalous overabundance of magnesium and silicon seen by others.
Optimization of the emission characteristics of light emitting diodes by surface plasmons and surface waveguide modes

In this letter, the influence of metal films and dielectric waveguides on the radiation characteristics of light emitting diodes (LEDs) is investigated. Cross and hexagonal surface grating structures are used to excite surface plasmons and waveguide modes in these media. A beam divergence as small as 17° is achieved for a hexagonal grating coated with a 40 nm Ag film. The maximum quantum efficiency is found for a hexagonal grating with a 10-nm-thick Au film and a 250-nm-thick dielectric layer. The optical power emitted by this LED into the solid angle from −30° to 30° is 10% higher than that of an LED without metal film and dielectric layer.
EVALUATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN PIPER BETLE LINN. BY ELUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY COUPLING TECHNIQUE

The present study investigates the presence of various phytochemicals in the methanolic leaf extract of Piper betle and further analysis of the bioactive compounds present in it by elution chromatography coupling technique. The preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the existence of alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrate, proteins, phenols, saponin, phytosterols and terpeniods. Totally 25 bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified from P.betle by GC – MS analysis. This study forms a basis for the biological characterization and phyto-pharmaceutical significance of the identified compounds. The presence of various bioactive compounds justifies the usage of betel leaf as an herbal choice for treating various diseases.
Noncausal inverses for linear systems

Suppose we are to guide a plant with a square transfer matrix through a series of way points. This can be accomplished by output tracking of trajectories which are fitted together in a sufficiently smooth manner. Each segment of each output is prescribed in terms of a polynomial or sine function or the product thereof. Our technique is to compute: 1) a noncausal "particular solution" based on the desired trajectory over each segment and the movement from one segment to the next, and this "particular solution" consists of a "particular control" and a "particular state trajectory"; and 2) a regulator to handle modeling errors, disturbances, etc. We concentrate on the "particular solution".
Expression of Metallothionein-Like Protein 2B Gene Induced by Different Concentrations of Copper in White Spruce (Picea glauca)

: The alterations to the expressions of metal transporter genes can induce metal ion uptake to maintain cell homeostasis when metal concentrations are low. Metallothioneins (MTs) are a class of low molecular mass (4-8 kDa), cysteine (Cys)-rich proteins that can bind metals via the thiol groups of their Cys residues. Studies on MT gene expressions in higher plants, such as conifers, are limited. White spruce ( Picea glauca ) is a North American native conifer species that are ecologically and economically important. The objective of the study is to determine the effects of different concentrations of copper on MT2b expression in white spruce ( P. glauca ). Seedlings were treated with three concentrations of copper sulfate including 1,312, 656, and 130 mg/kg. Potassium sulfate and water were used as controls. Total RNA was extracted from roots and needles. The levels of MT2b gene expression were measured using RT-qPCR. The present study reports for the first time, novel information on the effect of copper ions on the expression of MT2b in P. glauca . The MT2b gene was upregulated in roots when seedlings were exposed to 1,312 mg/kg of copper sulfate but were downregulated in genotypes treated with 656 mg/kg of copper sulfate in both tissues when compared to the water control. The expression of the MT2b gene was significantly downregulated in needles of genotypes treated with 656 mg/kg of copper sulfate when compared to the 1,312 mg/kg concentration. The expression of MT2b was higher in roots compared to needles regardless of the concentrations of copper sulfate or potassium sulfate used. MT2b was highly expressed in the roots of copper-resistant genotypes but was inhibited in the roots of susceptible seedlings when compared to the water control.
LAND SURFACE CHANGES AT BUKITTINGGI CITY DUE TO EARTHQUAKE USING DInSAR METHOD

Bukittinggi city is in the sink segmentation "semangko" fault line, which causes Bukittinggi City to frequently experience earthquakes. From 2019 to 2020, there have been at least 9 earthquakes above 5 on the Richter scale. DInSAR is a radar imaging method that utilizes phase, amplitude, and wavelength in its processing to obtain topography and land surface changes. This study has three aims. This research shows that the earthquake from 2019 to 2020 uses 18 pairs of sentinel-1 image scans recorded in 2019-2020 and uses DEM SRTM 30, namely the earthquake that happened on February 2, 2019, in the sub-district of Guguak Panjang with a range of 1 – 45 mm. In comparison, the smallest increase occurred in the sub-district of Guguak Panjang and Mandiangin Koto Selayan, with a length of 1 mm on November 11, 2019. The most significant reduction happened in the sub-district of Aur Birugo with -22 mm. In contrast, the less substantial reduction occurred in the sub-district of Guguak Panjang with -5 mm on October 8, 2019. The Modified Mercalli intensity scale for earthquakes in 2019-2020 uses the measure of Donovan's parameters demonstrated by numbers 2, 3, and 4. Number 2 indicates that resting people feel the earthquake's strength, especially hanging, shaking, and vibrating on the second floor. Number 3 represents the vibrations of passing trucks, windows, doors, and glassware clashing and making noises.
Transformer-based Working Memory for Multiagent Reinforcement Learning with Action Parsing

Learning in real-world multiagent tasks is challenging due to the usual partial observability of each agent. Previous efforts alleviate the partial observability by historical hidden states with Recurrent Neural Networks, however, they do not consider the multiagent characters that either the multiagent observation consists of a number of object entities or the action space shows clear entity interactions. To tackle these issues, we propose the Agent Transformer Memory (ATM) network with a transformer-based memory. First, ATM utilizes the transformer to enable the unified processing of the factored environmental entities and memory. Inspired by the human’s working memory process where a limited capacity of information temporarily held in mind can effectively guide the decision-making, ATM updates its fixed-capacity memory with the working memory updating schema. Second, as agents’ each action has its particular interaction entities in the environment, ATM parses the action space to introduce this action’s semantic inductive bias by binding each action with its specified involving entity to predict the state-action value or logit. Extensive experiments on the challenging SMAC and Level-Based Foraging environments validate that ATM could boost existing multiagent RL algorithms with impressive learning acceleration and performance improvement.
SWOT Analysis for Sustainable Tourism Development Strategies using Fuzzy Logic

Recently, tourism is a major source of income for many countries, and affects the economy of both the source and host countries, in some cases being of vital importance. Tourism brings in large amounts of income into a local economy in the form of payment for goods and services needed by tourists, accounting for 30% of the world's trade of services, and 6% of overall exports of goods and services. This research is done in Iran, and we get usage of SWOT approach and fuzzy logic for sustainable tourism development strategies. SWOT analysis is a commonly used tool for analyzing external and internal environments simultaneously in order to acquire a systematic approach and support for a decision situation. First, considering on the internal and external environment of the region, a list of strength (S), weaknesses (W), opportunities (O) and threats (T) will be recognized. Then experts will be questioned. After analyzing and calculating, each factor is given a weighted score. Finally, appropriate strategies are presented. Strategies are put in SO, WO, ST, and WT groups.
Theoretical criterion of charge moment change by lightning for initiation of sprites

[1] We demonstrate that the timescale of charge removal by lightning is an essential parameter for the criterion of sprites along with the charge moment. Sprites can be initiated under small charge moment changes of several hundreds of Coulomb kilometers if the discharge time is sufficiently short as hundreds of microseconds, whereas they cannot be done even with 1000 C km if the discharge time is in the order of milliseconds. We generalize the criterion as an analytical expression of charge moment and discharge time and discuss its sensitivity to the ambient plasma conductivity based on the result of the classical electrostatic model simulation. Our result can explain almost the critical values of charge moment for sprite initiation recently derived from analysis of lightning-induced electromagnetic pulses. We deduce from our criterion that charge moment changes necessary for halo are smaller than those for streamers because the former can be initiated without significant ionization. Considering the role of charge moment and discharge time, we discuss further the condition for initiation of various classes such as a halo and a cluster of streamers with or without halo.
WATER GOVERNANCE AND SOCIAL EQUITY IN SOUTH AFRICAN RURAL MUNICIPALITIES: A CASE STUDY OF A DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY IN THE EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE

COVID-19 has put addressing inequality in water service provision on top of the global agenda by exposing the high risk posed by the level of water service provision in South Africa. While post-apartheid reforms have improved access, ensuring equity in water service provision has remained a challenge. Therefore, this study examined factors affecting water governance and social equity in rural municipalities and reflects their effects on water service provision. The study adopted a qualitative case study research design and purposive sampling method. Focus group discussions, participant observation, and semi-structured interviews supported by document analysis were used to collect data. Findings revealed that socioeconomic, environmental, institutional, and governance factors highly affect water services resulting in a huge rural-urban gap. The paper concludes that achieving social equity in a society deeply entrenched with inequality, realising human rights, and achieving universal access to water calls for an integrated approach to sustainable development.
An overview of inter-comparison methodologies for Terra and Aqua MODIS calibration

With increasing efforts on data fusion and long-term climate data records (CDR) using observations made by multiple sensors on the same or different platforms, sensor cross-calibration has become increasingly important. It is known that the uncertainty of climate models or science data records depends not only on the calibration quality of individual sensors but also on their calibration consistency. This paper provides an overview of inter-comparison methodologies applied by the MODIS Characterization Support Team (MCST) at NASA/GSFC for the studies of Terra and Aqua MODIS on-orbit calibration consistency. Improved over heritage sensors, MODIS was built with a set of on-board calibrators (OBC) that include a blackbody (BB), a space view (SV) port, a solar diffuser (SD), and a solar diffuser stability monitor (SDSM). The BB is primarily used for the thermal emissive bands (TEB) calibration and the SD/SDSM system for the reflective solar bands (RSB) calibration. Detector responses to the SV provide measurements for the instrument background. Although instrument design requirements and calibration approaches are nearly identical for both Terra and Aqua MODIS and they all went through extensive and similar pre-launch calibration and characterization activities, their on-orbit calibration consistency still has to be carefully examined and validated as many science products are generated from observations made by both instruments. Methodologies discussed in this paper include inter-comparison studies using the Moon, a third sensor, and ground targets. Our results show that Terra and Aqua reflective solar bands and thermal emissive bands have been calibrated consistently to within their combined uncertainty requirements. For the 11mm and 12mm bands used for surface temperature measurements, the calibration differences between Terra and Aqua MODIS are less than ±0.15K at scene temperatures from 240-280K and less than ±0.50K at cold scene temperatures from 190 to 230K (before corrections). For most reflective solar bands, their reflectance calibration differences are typically less than ±2%.