Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ICE-SHEET MODELLING CONTRIBUTION TO ANDRILL PROGRAMME

BACKGROUND ANDRILL and earlier (Cape Roberts, CIROS 1 and 2) coring in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica (Barrett, 2009, Naish et al 2002, 2009), and associated ice sheet modelling (DeConto and Pollard 2003, Pollard and DeConto, 2009) have demonstrated East and West Antarctic ice sheet variability on orbital timescales since ice sheet inception at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary at around 35 Ma. Of direct societal relevance, interpretation of the ANDRILL 1B core suggests that repeated collapses of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) have occurred in the last 5 Ma, in both the Pliocene and during Pleistocene ‘super’ interglacials when temperatures and CO2 levels were slightly higher than today (Naish et al. 2009, Pollard and DeConto 2009). In apparent conflict with these findings, moraine dating, survival of extreme polar desert landforms, ancient buried ice, and extinction of local temperate biota in the adjacent Dry Valleys region indicate stability of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet since the mid Miocene (the last 13 ma) (Sugden et al. 1995, Sugden and Denton 2004, Lewis et al. 2008). At present, it is not possible to discriminate between these seemingly divergent hypotheses, nor assess whether they are compatible, because the interpretation of geological evidence (both cores and onshore geomorphology) involve substantial extrapolation in both space and time, and ice sheet modelling lacks the appropriate spatial resolution for direct comparison to field evidence. As a consequence of these and other uncertainties, numerical modelling and empirical reconstructions differ vastly in their interpretation of the former ice volumes which resulted from temperatures slightly warmer than today (c.f. Hill et al., 2007; Pollard & DeConto, 2009). The extent to which East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) outlet glaciers changed during such ice-sheet reconfiguration(s) is central to this uncertainty (Sugden 1996; Hall et al., 1997; Sugden & Denton 2004), and remains keenly debated, with evidence from the Dry Valleys region suggesting minor Pliocene ice advances (Marchant et al. 1993), whereas temperate glacier deposits of presumed but disputed Pliocene age (McKay 2008) adjacent to the Beardmore and Shackleton Glaciers at >80oS, may indicate conditions substantially warmer than present (Mercer 1972, Hambrey et al. 2003).
Development and Evaluation of Mixed Reality Interaction Techniques

We present our thoughts on the development and evaluation of novel interaction techniques for mixed reality (MR) systems, particularly those consisting of a heterogeneous mix of displays, devices, and users. Interaction work in MR has predominantly focused on two areas: glove or wand-based virtual reality (VR) interactions and tangible user interfaces. We believe that MR users should not be limited to these approaches, but should rather be able to utilize all available devices and interaction methods in their environment to make use of the most relevant ones for the current task at hand. Furthermore, we will discuss the difficulty in finding appropriate ways to evaluate new techniques, primarily due to the lack of standards of comparison. CR Categories: H.5. 1 [Information Interfaces and Presentation]: Multimedia Information Systems—Artificial, augmented, and virtual realities, Evaluation/methodology; H.5. 2 [Information Interfaces and Presentation]: User Interfaces—Graphical user interfaces (GUI), Interaction styles
A tutorial on teaching hypothesis testing

How can we teach graduate-level students the principles of hypothesis testing in order to improve their skills in application and interpreting hypothesis test results? This was one of the main challenges in our course Applied Statistics. Although most students, all potentially future researchers in social and behavioural sciences, were not specifically interested in statistics, it seemed a good idea to teach them the essentials of three approaches to statistical inference introduced by Fisher, Neyman and Pearson, and Bayesian statisticians. To make the rather subtle differences between the inferential approaches and associated difficult statistical concepts more attractive and accessible to students, a chance game using two dice was used for illustration. We first considered an experiment with simple hypotheses showing the three inferential principles in an easy way. The experiment was then extended to a more realistic setting requiring more complicated calculations (with R-scripts), to satisfy the more advanced students. Wethinkthatourlectureshaveenabledadeeperunderstandingoftheroleofstatisticsinhypothesistesting, andtheapprehension that current inferential practice is a mixture of different approaches to hypothesis testing.
Umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol combination in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review

: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease among the elderly that could be prevented by smoking cessation. As it is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible, bronchodilator therapy is the first choice of treatment. Symptomatic COPD patients with or without risk for future exacerbations have a strong indication for the permanent use of long- and ultralong-acting β 2 -agonists and/or long-acting muscarinic antagonists. Combining bronchodilators is an effective approach, as they demonstrate synergic action at a cellular level and have additive clinical benefits and fewer adverse events compared with increased doses of the monocomponents. Novel fixed-dose combinations of long-acting β 2 -agonists/long-acting muscarinic antagonists in one inhaler have been approved for clinical use by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. This review focuses on published clinical trials about the fixed-dose combination of umeclidinium/vilanterol trifenatate in patients with COPD. Results from six studies (five of them of 12 weeks’ duration and one that lasted 1 year, including more than 6,000 patients in total) showed that umeclidinium/vilanterol trifenatate improved lung function, dyspnea, and health-related quality of life and decreased the exacerbation rate with no serious adverse events. More longstanding trials are needed to evaluate the effect of the drug on disease progression and compare it directly with other fixed-dose combinations.
Impossible Worlds

The latter half of the twentieth century witnessed an ‘intensional revolution’, a great collective effort to analyse notions which are absolutely fundamental to our understanding of the world and of ourselves—from meaning and information to knowledge, belief, causation, essence, supervenience, conditionality, as well as nomological, metaphysical, and logical necessity—in terms of a single concept. This was the concept of a possible world: a way things could have been. Possible worlds found applications in logic, metaphysics, semantics, game theory, information theory, artificial intelligence, and the philosophy of mind and cognition. However, possible worlds analyses have been facing numerous problems. This book traces them all back to hyperintensionality: the need for distinctions more fine-grained than the possible worlds apparatus can easily represent. It then introduces impossible worlds—ways things could not have been—as a general tool for modelling hyperintensional phenomena. The book discusses the metaphysics of impossible worlds and applies them to a range of central topics and open issues in logic, semantics, and philosophy: from the problem of logical omniscience in epistemic logic, to the semantics of non-classical logics, the modelling of imagination and mental simulation, the analysis of information and informative inference, truth in fiction, and counterpossible reasoning.
KEIO/KYOTO JOINT GLOBAL CENTER OF EXCELLENCE PROGRAM

Purposes of this paper are to establish the model for explaining Japanese young’s housing demand and to derive the implication to guide Japanese housing policy. For this, I investigate the determinants of their tenure choice, considering their housing independence from their parents. On the basis of Japanese features, I would rather regard their housing self-pay as their independence than regard their nest-leaving as their independence. Here, housing self-pay means people bear their housing cost by themselves. As a result, this paper finds the strong relationship between Japanese young’s financial ability and their housing independence. Just as I thought, recent severe economic environment of Japanese young discourages them from entering housing market. This result also shows their complete dependent choice is an essential element for considering the magnitude of their housing demand. Furthermore, my findings validate Japanese housing policy of recent years. *Takuya Ishino Research Associate, Global COE Program, Graduate School of Economics, Keio University KEIO/KYOTO JOINT GLOBAL COE PROGRAM Raising Market Quality-Integrated Design of “Market Infrastructure” Graduate School of Economics and Graduate School of Business and Commerce, Keio University 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan Institute of Economic Research, Kyoto University Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan 1 *Takuya Ishino Research Associate, Global COE Program, Graduate School of Economics, Keio University Mita Toho Bldg. 5th Floor, 3-1-7 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0073 Japan e-mail: stonefield11@gmail.com This paper is a revised edition of my paper which was presented at the annual meeting of the Applied Regional Science Conference in 2009. I would like to thank Professor Seko and Professor Fukushige for valuable comments and suggestions. Youth’s Beginning of Individual Housing Payment and Tenure Choice: New Entries to Japanese Housing Market. Graduate School of Economics,
Dynamics of bacterial endospores, and microbial activities in soils and

1 Abstrakt . 2 Acknowledgments . 3 Preface . 4 Introduction . 8 Microorganisms, their role as organic matter mineralizers . 8 Global estimations of prokaryotic cells . 10 Dormancy in nature . 11 Dormant or slow growers? 13 Bacterial endospores, a conspicuous fraction of the dormant compartment . 15 Endospore enumeration in the field . 18 Longevity . 23 References . 27 PhD synthesis . 34 Chapter 1 . 35 Chapter 2 . 39 Chapter 3 . 41 Chapter 1 . 47 The prokaryotic community and its bacterial endospores in soil from three long-term agricultural experiments: effect of fertilization, straw incorporation and soil type . 47 Abstract . 48
Evaluation of Mobile Advanced Road Weather Information Sensor (MARWIS) by Lufft for Indiana Winter Road Operations

100 measurements per second – Aggregated to 1 second in the cloud. Observations 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 Pre-treated Granular Salt Granular Salt • Systematic temperature offset of-4˚F compared to probe readings • Skid test empirical results consistent with MARWIS friction readings • Wheel track friction > lane center friction • " Chemically wet " not consistently observed by MARWIS where expected
Identification of Predictors for Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke After Endovascular Therapy Using the Decision Tree Model

Purpose: This study aimed to identify independent predictors for the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Methods: Consecutive patients with AIS due to large artery occlusion in the anterior circulation treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) were enrolled in a tertiary stroke center. Demographic and medical history data, admission lab results, and Circle of Willis (CoW) variations were collected from all patients. Results: Altogether, 90 patients were included in this study; among them, 34 (37.8%) had HT after MT. The final pruned decision tree (DT) model consisted of collateral score and platelet to lymphocyte ratios (PLR) as predictors. Confusion matrix analysis showed that 82.2% (74/90) were correctly classified by the model (sensitivity, 79.4%; specificity, 83.9%). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 81.7%. The DT model demonstrated that participants with collateral scores of 2–4 had a 75.0% probability of HT. For participants with collateral scores of 0–1, if PLR at admission was <302, participants had a 13.0% probability of HT; otherwise, participants had an 75.0% probability of HT. The final adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that collateral score 0–1 (OR, 10.186; 95% CI, 3.029–34.248; p < 0.001), PLR (OR, 1.005; 95% CI, 1.001–1.010; p = 0.040), and NIHSS at admission (OR, 1.106; 95% CI, 1.014–1.205; p = 0.022) could be used to predict HT. The AUC for the model was 0.855, with 83.3% (75/90) were correctly classified (sensitivity, 79.4%; specificity, 87.3%). Less patients with HT achieved independent outcomes (mRS, 0–2) in 90 days (20.6% vs. 64.3%, p < 0.001). Rate of poor outcomes (mRS, 4–6) was significantly higher in patients with HT (73.5% vs. 19.6%; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Both the DT model and multivariate logistic regression model confirmed that the lower collateral status and the higher PLR were significantly associated with an increased risk for HT in AIS patients after MT. PLR may be one of the cost-effective and practical predictors for HT. Further prospective multicenter studies are needed to validate our findings. artery; AComA, anterior communicating artery; SR, stent retriever; CA, contact aspiration; Solumbra, a combination of stent retriever and aspiration.
iSCORED: nanopore-based random genomic sampling for intraoperative molecular diagnosis

Copy number variations (CNVs) are almost ubiquitous in cancer. In many cases, somatic CNV analysis has led to the identification of oncogenic pathways and suggested molecular-defined therapeutic targets. Here, we develop iSCORED, a one-step random genomic DNA reconstruction method that enables efficient, unbiased quantification of CNVs using a real-time Nanopore sequencer. By leveraging the long concatenated reads, we generate approximately 1-2 million genomic fragments within one hour of MinION sequencing, allowing for high-resolution genomic dosage comparisons. In our cohort of 26 malignant brain tumors, we demonstrated 100% concordance in CNV detections, including chromosomal alterations and oncogene amplifications when compared to clinically validated next generation sequencing and chromosomal microarray results. In addition, iSCORED allows concurrent brain tumor methylation classification without additional tissue preparation. The integrated methylation information revealed promoter hypomethylation in all detected amplified oncogenes. The entire workflow, including the automatic generation of CNV and methylation reports, can be accomplished within 120-140 minutes. Ultrafast molecular analysis can enhance clinical decision-making, optimize surgical planning and identify potential molecular therapies within surgical timeframes.
The independence of Tarski's Euclidean axiom

Tarski’s axioms of plane geometry are formalized and, using the standard real Cartesian model, shown to be consistent. A substantial theory of the projective plane is developed. Building on this theory, the Klein–Beltrami model of the hyperbolic plane is defined and shown to satisfy all of Tarski’s axioms except his Euclidean axiom; thus Tarski’s Euclidean axiom is shown to be independent of his other axioms of plane geometry. An earlier version of this work was the subject of the author’s MSc thesis [2], which contains natural-language explanations of some of the more interesting proofs.
Functional Fractional Calculus for System Identification and Controls

When a new extraordinary and outstanding theory is stated, it has to face criticism and skepticism, because it is beyond the usual concept. The fractional calculus though not new, was not discussed or developed for a long time, particularly for lack of its applications to real life problems. It is extraordinary because it does not deal with ordinary differential calculus. It is outstanding because it can now be applied to situations where existing theories fail to give satisfactory results. In this book not only mathematical abstractions are discussed in a lucid manner, but also several practical applications are given particularly for system identification, description and then efficient controls.
The Little Ice Age: how climate made history 1300-1850

Brian Fagan examines the dominant climate event of the last millennium-the 500-year Little Ice Age-and shows how it affected major episodes of European history. Only in the last decade have climatologists developed an accurate picture of yearly climate conditions in historical times. This development confirmed a long-standing suspicion: that the world endured a 500-year cold snap-The Little Ice Age-that lasted roughly from A. D. 1300 until 1850. The Little Ice Age tells the story of the turbulent, unpredictable and often very cold years of modern European history, how climate altered historical events, and what they mean in the context of today's global warming. With its basis in cutting-edge science, The Little Ice Age offers a new perspective on familiar events. Renowned archaeologist Brian Fagan shows how the increasing cold affected Norse exploration; how changing sea temperatures ca used English and Basque fishermen to follow vast shoals of cod all the way to the New World; how a generations-long subsistence crisis in France contributed to social disintegration and ultimately revolution; and how English efforts to improve farm productivity in the face of a deteriorating climate helped pave the way for the Industrial Revolution and hence for global warming. This is a fascinating, original book for anyone interested in history, climate, or the new subject of how they interact.
Preparation of a miR-155-activating Nucleic Acid Nano�ower to Study the Molecular Mechanism of miR-155 in In�ammation

At present, the molecular mechanisms underlying in�ammation remain unclear. In recent years, research on in�ammation has focused on stimulating cell in�ammation by using external pathogens such as LPS or in�ammatory factors. To investigate the molecular mechanism of in�ammation from a new perspective, we designed a nucleic acid nano�owers (NFs) complex to directly activate in�ammatory genes to study the in�ammatory response without the need for external microbial factors to trigger an in�ammatory response. An RNAa-type target gene-activated NF was designed. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were transfected with NFs carrying saRNAs to directly co-activate microRNA (miR)-155 and SHIP1 genes. In�ammatory gene and protein expression in the HUVECs were evaluated to assess whether miR-155 overexpression can trigger in�ammation. After RNAa-type NFs were transferred into HUVECs, the expression of miR-155 and pro-in�ammatory and cancer-related factors increased, anti-in�ammatory factors were reduced, cell proliferation increased, and cell migration was promoted. IL-1β protein levels were decreased and SHIP1 expression was downregulated. When miR-155 and its target SHIP1 were both activated, the expression of both was unaltered, maintaining cell homeostasis. an could activate miR-155, sense strand ACA UUC UGG A antisense strand CUU U. We the selected saRNA into the template (T5) and a nucleic acid NF (M5) to qualitatively detect its entry into the cell. The nucleic acid NF-M5 entered the cells and enhanced the expression of miR-155 by approximately 11-fold. By evaluating the cell migration ability and the expression of in�ammation-related factors after with the NFs, we found that miR-155 expression was activated by NF-M5 which promoted cell Further, the activation of miR-155 expression promoted cell migration. The overexpression of miR-155 to (4019, TaKaRa) and RNase Inhibitor (1 U/µL; R8060, Solarbio) at 37°C for 24 h for RNA transcription and synthesis. After the reaction, the temperature was increased to 65°C for 10 min to inactivate the polymerase. The reaction product was sonicated for 3 min to prevent polymerization and then centrifuged at 12,000 × g for 6 min. The supernatant was removed, and the pellet was resuspended in an equal volume of RNAse-free water to obtain puri�ed NFs. To determine the NF concentration, the absorbance at 260 nm was measured. NF quality was assessed by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. The samples were mixed with RNA loading buffer at a volume ratio of 4:1 and loaded on a gel. The electrophoresis conditions were The electrophoresis results were observed with a gel imaging system and images were captured.
Generating Object Lifetime Traces with Merlin

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Presence of Arsenic in pesticides used in Sri Lanka

World Health Organization classifies pesticides with arsenic compounds as active ingredients to be highly hazardous. Arsenic (As)-containing pesticides are thus banned in Sri Lanka since 1995 and it has been officially notified in the extraordinary gazette notification no 1190/24 of the Democratic Republic of Sri Lanka of 6 th June, 2001. Arsenic is not even prescribed to include as an inert ingredient, except for six types of pesticides in which it is allowed (within limits) as an impurity and in Sri Lanka, copperbased pesticides only are legally allowed to contain (within limits) arsenic. Present study is an attempt to test the pesticides available in the Sri Lankan market for presence of arsenic. Despite the fact that importation of Ascontaining pesticides is illegal, results of the present study revealed that twenty nine (29) out of the 31 available pesticide brands belong to 20 active ingredients in the local market tested, contained As in the range of 180±14 2586±58 μg/kg and it varied depending on the type of active ingredient, brand, batch of pesticides, importer and the area that it is used. Using arsenicals in augmenting toxicity of pesticides is speculated a potential means through which As enters the natural environment, especially in the areas where rice
Natural enemies of adelgids in North America: Their prospect for biological control of Adelges tsugae (Homoptera: Adelgidae)

On eastern hemlock, we found two resident beetles preying on Adelges tsugae Annand. One is a coccinellid native to Europe, Scymnus suturalis Thunberg, that also feeds on Pineus sp. that attack pines. The other is a native derodontid beetle, Laricobius rubidus LeConte. The seasonal life history of these two species indicates that their effect on A. tsugae will be more complementary than competitive. The effectiveness of these species may be enhanced by the presence of alternative prey that attack other conifers. Among the many species imported for control of the balsam woolly adelgid, the coccinellid Aphidecta obliterata (L.) appears to have the best potential for biological control of A. tsugae. It is important to assess the incumbent population of natural enemies before introducing biological controls, in order to better understand the kind of biological controls that are most suitable and reduce displacement of native species. A multispecies strategy seems the best approach to achieve biological control of A. tsugae.