Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Edinburgh CTLA-4 and CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells inhibit protective immunity to filarial parasites in vivo

The T cell coinhibitory receptor CTLA-4 has been implicated in the down-regulation of T cell function that is a quintessential feature of chronic human ﬁlarial infections. In a laboratory model of ﬁlariasis, Litomosoides sigmodontis infection of susceptible BALB/c mice, we have previously shown that susceptibility is linked both to a CD4 (cid:1) CD25 (cid:1) regulatory T (Treg) cell response, and to the development of hyporesponsive CD4 (cid:1) T cells at the infection site, the pleural cavity. We now provide evidence that L. sigmodontis infection drives the proliferation and activation of CD4 (cid:1) Foxp3 (cid:1) Treg cells in vivo, demonstrated by increased uptake of BrdU and increased expression of CTLA-4, Foxp3, GITR, and CD25 compared with naive controls. The greatest increases in CTLA-4 expression were, however, seen in the CD4 (cid:1) Foxp3 (cid:2) effector T cell population which contained 78% of all CD4 (cid:1) CTLA-4 (cid:1) cells in the pleural cavity. Depletion of CD25 (cid:1) cells from the pleural CD4 (cid:1) T cell population did not increase their Ag-speciﬁc proliferative response in vitro, suggesting that their hyporesponsive phenotype is not directly mediated by CD4 (cid:1) CD25 (cid:1) Treg cells. Once infection had established, killing of adult parasites could be enhanced by neutralization of CTLA-4 in vivo, but only if performed in combination with the depletion of CD25 (cid:1) Treg cells. This work suggests that during ﬁlarial infection CTLA-4 coinhibition and CD4 (cid:1) CD25 (cid:1)
The Fixation of the Components of Complement by Sensitized Sheep Cells

Liefmann and Cohn (1) assert that the disappearance of complement in immune hemolysis is due to the effect of hemolysis rather than to an initial fixation of complement. On the contrary, Eagle (2, 3) and Ponder (4) state that complement must first be bound by sensitized erythroeytes before hemolysis occurs. These authors made no attempt to identify the components operating in this fixation. Many investigators (5-8) have claimed that the mid-piece is fixed by sensitized red blood cells. Brin (9) states, however, that the end-piece alone is bound by immune aggregates. Still others hold that both end-piece and mid-piece combine (10-12). I t has also been asserted that the fourth component is involved in the fixation of complement prior to hemolysis (13-15). Furthermore, Nathan (16) concludes that the third component of complement is not fixed by sensitized sheep red blood cells. Pillemer, Seifter, and Ecker (17) have shown that Ct4, C~2, and varying amounts of Ctl 1 are always fixed by antigen-rabbit antibody aggregates. In agreement with Nathan, these authors showed that Cr3 is not fixed by sensitized red blood cells.
Oral vaccination with a viral vector containing A (cid:1) cDNA attenuates age-related A (cid:1) accumulation and memory deﬁcits without causing inﬂammation in a mouse Alzheimer model

Immunotherapy with A (cid:1) is expected to bring great improvement for Alzheimer disease (AD). However, clinical trials have been suspended because of meningoencephalitics, which accompanied lymphocytic inﬁltration. We have developed an oral vaccine for AD with a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector carrying A (cid:1) cDNA (AAV/A (cid:1) ). The vaccine reduces the amount of A (cid:1) deposited without lymphocytic inﬁltration in APP transgenic (Tg2576) mice. In the present study, Tg2576 mice showed progressive cognitive impairments in the novel object recognition test, Y-maze test, water maze test, and contextual conditioned fear learning test. A single oral administration of AAV/A (cid:1) to Tg2576 mice at the age of 10 months alleviated progressive cognitive impairment with decreased A (cid:1) deposition, insoluble A (cid:1) , soluble A (cid:1) oligomer (A (cid:1) *56), microglial attraction, and synaptic degeneration induced in the brain regions at the age of 13 months. A histological analysis with hematoxylin and eosin and an immunohistochemical analysis with antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD19 suggested there was no lymphocytic inﬁltration or microhemorrhage in the brain of AAV/A (cid:1) -vaccinated Tg2576 mice at 13 months of age. Taken together, these results suggest that immunotherapy with AAV/A (cid:1) is a safe and effective treatment for AD. —Mouri, A. , Noda, Y. , Hara, H. , Mizoguchi, H. , Tabira, T. , Nabeshima, T. Oral vaccination with a viral vector containing A (cid:1) cDNA attenuates age-related A (cid:1) accumulation and memory deﬁcits without causing inﬂammation in a mouse Alzheimer model. FASEB All results were expressed as the mean (cid:5) se for each group. The difference between groups was analyzed with a 1-way, 2-way, or repeated ANOVA, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls multiple range test. The Student’s t test was used to compare two sets of data. Pearson’s correlation coefﬁcient test was used to examine the relationship between cognitive function and A (cid:1) *56 contents in the hippocampus.
Time course and mechanism of brain oxidative stress and damage for redox active and inactive transition metals overload

: The objective of this work was to study the in vivo time course of biochemical processes of oxidative damage in the brain of Sprague-Dawley rats that received an acute overload of the redox active metals iron (Fe) and copper (Cu), and the redox inactive cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni). Oxidative stress indicators (phospholipid and protein oxidation), glutathione (GSH), antioxidant enzymes and NADPH oxidase activities, and the plasma inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) were measured. The results showed that in brain oxidative mechanisms for both sets of metal are different, however in both cases are irreversible. The mechanism for Fe and Cu oxidative damage is mediated by the generation of the free radical hydroxyl (Fenton reaction and homolytic cleavage of hydroperoxides). Two events of antioxidant protection prior to oxidation of phospholipids and proteins by Fe and Cu are considered. The first process is the use of GSH and the second is the increased activity of the Cu, Zn-SOD and catalase enzymes. The oxidative mechanism for metal redox inactive is the consumption of GSH, NADPH oxidase activation and inflammatory response mediated by IL-6. Co increased protein oxidation as a result of the inflammatory process. Ni produced increments of phospholipid oxidation and SOD activity.
Side Effects of Glucocorticoids Side Effects of Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids represent the most important and frequently used class of drugs in the management of many inflammatory and immunologic conditions. Beside these beneficial effects, glucocorticoids are also associated with serious side effects. Cushing’s syndrome, adrenal suppression, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, psychiatric disturbances, and immunosuppression are among the most important side effects of systemic glucocorticoids. These side effects are especially noticeable at high doses for prolonged periods. Even in low-dose therapy, glucocorticoids could lead to serious side effects. The underlying molecular mechanisms of side effects of glucocorticoids are complex, distinct, and frequently only partly understood. This comprehensive article reviews the current knowledge of the most important side effects of glucocorticoids from a clinical perspective.
Effect of Endurance Training on the V˙O 2 –Work Rate Relationship in Normoxia and Hypoxia

PRIEUR, F. , H. BENOIT, T. BUSSO, J. CASTELLS, and C. DENIS. Effect of Endurance Training on the V˙O 2 –Work Rate Relationship in Normoxia and Hypoxia. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. , Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 664–669, 2005. Purpose: We postulated that the relationship between V˙O 2 and work rate (V˙O 2 –WR relationship) during incremental exercise is dependent on O 2 availability, and that training-induced adaptations alter this relationship. We therefore studied the effect of endurance training on V˙O 2 response during incremental exercise in normoxia and hypoxia (FIO 2 (cid:1) 0.134). Methods: Before and after training (6 d·wk (cid:2) 1 , 4 wk), eight subjects performed incremental exercises under normoxia and hypoxia and one constant–work rate exercise in normoxia at 80% of pretraining V˙O 2max . The slopes of the V˙O 2 –WR relationship during incremental exercise were calculated using all the points (whole slope) or only points before the lactate threshold (pre-LT slope). The difference between V˙O 2max measured and V˙O 2max expected from the pre-LT slope ( (cid:3) V˙O 2 ) was determined, as was the difference between V˙O 2 at minute 10 and V˙O 2 at minute 4 during the constant–work rate exercise ( (cid:3) V˙O 2(10’-4’) ). Results: In normoxia, training induced a significant decrease in the whole slope (11.0 (cid:4) 1.0 vs 9.9 (cid:4) 0.4 mL·min (cid:2) 1 ·W (cid:2) 1 , P (cid:5) 0.05). In hypoxia, training induced a significant increase in the pre-LT slope (8.7 (cid:4) 1.2 vs 9.8 (cid:4) 0.7 mL·min (cid:2) 1 ·W (cid:2) 1 ; P (cid:5) 0.05) and the whole slope (8.5 (cid:4) 1.2 vs 9.4 (cid:4) 0.5 mL·min (cid:2) 1 ·W (cid:2) 1 ; P (cid:5) 0.05). A significant correlation between the decrease of (cid:3) V˙O 2 and the decrease of (cid:3) V˙O 2(10’-4’) with training was found in normoxia ( P (cid:5) 0.01, r 2 (cid:1) 0.79). Conclusions: Taken together, these results indicate that adaptations induced by endurance training are associated with more efficient incremental and constant-workload exercise performed in normoxia. Moreover, training contributes to improved O 2 delivery during moderate exercise performed in hypoxia, and to enhanced near-maximal exercise tolerance.
in in Humans.

Microstructural Alterations Hippocampal Subfields Mediate Age-Related Memory Decline Aging, even in the absence of clear pathology of dementia, is associated with cognitive decline. Neuroimaging, especially diffusion-weighted imaging, has been highly valuable in understanding some of these changes in live humans, non-invasively. Traditional tensor techniques have revealed that the integrity of the fornix and other white matter tracts signiﬁcantly deteriorates with age, and that this deterioration is highly correlated with worsening cognitive performance. However, traditional tensor techniques are still not speciﬁc enough to indict explicit microstructural features that may be responsible for age-related cognitive decline and cannot be used to effectively study gray matter properties. Here, we sought to determine whether recent advances in diffusion-weighted imaging, including Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) and Constrained Spherical Deconvolution, would provide more sensitive measures of age-related changes in the microstructure of the medial temporal lobe. We evaluated these measures in a group of young (ages 20–38 years old) and older (ages 59–84 years old) adults and assessed their relationships with performance on tests of cognition. We found that the ﬁber density (FD) of the fornix and the neurite density index (NDI) of the fornix, hippocampal subﬁelds (DG/CA3, CA1, and subiculum), and parahippocampal cortex, varied as a function of age in a cross-sectional cohort. Moreover, in the fornix, DG/CA3, and CA1, these changes correlated with memory performance on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), even after regressing out the effect of age, suggesting that they were capturing neurobiological properties directly related to performance in this task. These measures provide more details regarding age-related neurobiological properties. For example, a change in ﬁber density could mean a reduction in axonal packing density or myelination, and the increase in NDI observed might be explained by changes in dendritic complexity or even sprouting. These results provide a far more comprehensive view than previously determined on the possible system-wide processes that may be occurring because of healthy aging and demonstrate that advanced diffusion-weighted imaging is evolving into a powerful tool to study more than just white matter properties.
Morphology of Ga 2 O 3 Nanowires and Their Sensitivity to Volatile Organic Compounds

: Gas sensitive structures made of nanowires exhibit extremally large specific surface area, and a great number of chemically active centres that can react with the ambient atmosphere. This makes the use of nanomaterials promising for super sensitive gas sensor applications. Monoclinic β-Ga 2 O 3 nanowires (NWs) were synthesized from metallic gallium at atmospheric pressure in the presence of nitrogen and water vapor. The nanowires were grown directly on interdigitated gold electrodes screen printed on Al 2 O 3 substrates, which constituted the gas sensor structure. The observations made with transmission electron microscope (TEM) have shown that the nanowires are monocrystalline and their diameters vary from 80 to 300 nm with the average value of approximately 170 nm. Au droplets were found to be anchored at the tips of the nanowires which may indicate that the nanowires followed the Vapor–Liquid–Solid (VLS) mechanism of growth. The conductivity of β-Ga 2 O 3 NWs increases in the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOC) even in the temperature below 600 °C. The gas sensor based on the synthesized β-Ga 2 O 3 NWs shows peak sensitivity to 100 ppm of ethanol of 75.1 at 760 °C, while peak sensitivity to 100 ppm of acetone is 27.5 at 690 °C.
A Triplet Importance Learning Framework for Recommendation with Implicit Feedback

Implicit feedback is frequently used for developing personalized recommendation services due to its ubiquity and accessibility in real-world systems. In order to effectively utilize such information, most research adopts the pairwise ranking method on constructed training triplets ⟨ user, positive item, negative item ⟩ and aims to distinguish between positive items and negative items for each user. However, most of these methods treat all the training triplets equally, which ignores the subtle difference between different positive or negative items. On the other hand, even though some other works make use of the auxiliary information (e.g., dwell time) of user behaviors to capture this subtle difference, such auxiliary information is hard to obtain. To mitigate the aforementioned problems, we propose a novel training framework named T riplet I mportance L earning (TIL), which adaptively learns the importance score of training triplets. We devise two strategies for the importance score generation and formulate the whole procedure as a bilevel optimization, which does not require any rule-based design. We integrate the proposed training procedure with several Matrix Factorization (MF)- and Graph Neural Network (GNN)-based recommendation models, demonstrating the compatibility of our framework. Via a comparison using three real-world datasets with many state-of-the-art methods, we show that our proposed method outperforms the best existing models by 3-21% in terms of Recall@ 𝑘 for the top-𝑘 recommendation. The datasets and code are available at the anonymized link: https:
Mental Health and Psychological Well Being as Determinants of Leadership Styles of Political Office Holders in South West, Nigeria: Implication for Good Governance and Sustainable Development

The study aimed at investigating the influence of psychological well-being and mental health on the leadership styles of political office holders in south-western Nigeria. The expo-factor research design was used. The population comprised all the political office holders in the six states in south-western Nigeria. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select 120 political office holders in south west, Nigeria as the sample. The study adopted three questionnaires, Leadership styles questionnaire, Mental Health Inventory and Psychological well-being questionnaire with good psychometric properties for data collection. Two hypotheses were raised and tested using Factorial logistic regression analysis. Findings revealed that the two predictor variables (Mental health and psychological well-being) individually predicted the criterion variable (Leadership styles at the three levels; authoritarian, democratic and laizess-faire). Sequel to these findings, a number of recommendations were made among which is that there is need for psychologists to move for a bill that will make psychological test as part of the stringent criteria for contesting any election or appointing political leaders into any office in Nigeria.
Dynamical eigenmodes of various bead-spring systems

We study the dynamics of polymers using the bead-spring model in the overdamped limit. In particular we take a look at phantom bead-spring chains with the topology of symmetric stars, tadpoles and polymerized phantom manifolds. After brie y reviewing how the bead-spring model has been applied to study the dynamics of linear polymers, we apply similar methods to solve the equations of motion for bead-spring systems of more complex topologies using the so-called Rouse modes. These eigenmodes allow full analytical calculations of virtually any static or dynamical quantity. As examples we determine radii of gyration, mean square displacements of tagged monomers, and autocorrelation functions of vectors that span between two tagged monomers. Interestingly, even in the presence of tensile forces of any magnitude the Rouse modes remain the exact eigenmodes for the membrane, a two-dimensional manifold. With stronger forces the membrane becomes essentially at, and does not get the opportunity to intersect itself; in such a situation our analysis provides a useful and exactly soluble approach to the dynamics for a realistic model at membrane under tension. Parts of these results are accepted for publication[1, 2].
Oral Immunization of Common Carp with a Liposome Vaccine Fusing Koi Herpesvirus Antigen

—In this study, we made liposome vaccines in which formalin-inactivated koi herpesvirus (KHV) was entrapped within the liposomal membrane compartment for oral vaccination in common carp Cyprinus carpio . In vaccination experiments, two fish groups (mean body weight, 30 g) received the liposome vaccine (protein concentration of 20 m g/mL using an isolate of NKC03 from Nara Prefecture or an isolate of IKC03 from Ibaraki Prefecture) at a dose of 20 m L/fish/day for 3 days. Neutralization titers of vaccinated fish sera were significantly higher than control at 22 days after last vaccination. In addition, 22 days after last vaccination, the fish were challenged with NKC03 at 10 2.3 TCID 50 /100 m L/fish or IKC03 at 10 2.2 TCID 50 /100 m L/fish by dropping the inoculum onto their gills, and resulted RPS was 74.4% and 65.0%, respectively. These results proved the efficacy of oral vaccination with the KHV liposome vaccine against KHV infection in carp.
Numerical and Analytical Studies of Electromagnetic Waves: Hermite Methods, Supercontinuum Generation, and Multiple Poles in the SEM

The dissertation consists of three parts: Hermite methods, scattering from a lossless sphere, and analysis of supercontinuum generation. Hermite methods are a new class of arbitrary order algorithms to solve partial differential equations (PDE). In the first chapter, we discuss the fundamentals of Hermite methods in great detail. Hermite interpolation is discussed as well as the different time evolution schemes including Hermite-Taylor and Hermite-Runge-Kutta schemes. Further, an order adaptive Hermite method for initial value problems is described. Analytical studies and numerical simulations in both 1D and 2D are presented. To handle geometry, a hybrid Hermite discontinuous Galerkin methods is introduced. A Discontinuous Galerkin method is used next to the boundaries to handle the geometry and the boundary conditions, while a Hermite method is used in the interior of the computation domain to enhance the performance. Numerical
Individual sentiments on current certain issues were expressed through social media as well as to get the pulse of the majority population in certain circumstances, specifically on disaster

Individual sentiments on current certain issues were expressed through social media as well as to get the pulse of the majority population in certain circumstances, specifically on disaster management issues. To conduct a sentiment analysis of the disaster evacuation and relief operations in the Philippines, the researchers used Twitter social media. The qualitative research methods and sentiment analysis were used to collect and analyze the data. The GetOldTweets application was used to collect the tweets related to disaster relief and evacuation from the year 2013 to the year 2017 and serves as the data sets for the analysis of sentiments. Social media posts written in English and Filipino tweets were analyzed by using the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) tools to manually annotate positive or negative tweets and validate classification model output using stratified cross validation and support vector machines (SVMs) algorithms. The manual classification model received a high percentage of correctly categorized instances using the 10-fold cross validation with the classifier SVMs. Tweets with positive and negative sentiments will significantly improve to have an effective and efficient activity for relief and evacuation. Government needs several measures to strengthen the evacuation process and the management system for relief operations.
DNA-binding specificity and in vivo targets of Caenorhabditis elegans nuclear factor I

The conserved nuclear factor I (NFI) family of transcription factors is unique to animals and essential for mammalian development. The Caenorhabditis elegans genome encodes a single NFI family member, whereas vertebrate genomes encode 4 distinct NFI protein subtypes (A, B, C, and X). NFI-1-deﬁcient worms exhibit abnormalities, including reduced lifespan, defects in movement and pharyngeal pumping, and delayedegg-laying.Toexplorethefunctionalbasisofthesephenotypes, we sought to comprehensively identify NFI-1-bound loci in C. elegans . We ﬁrst established NFI-1 DNA-binding speciﬁcity using an in vitro DNA-selection strategy. Analysis yielded a consensus motif of TTGGCA(N) 3 TGCCAA, which occurs 586 times in the genome, a 100-fold higher frequency than expected. We next asked which sites were occupiedbyNFI-1invivobyperformingchromatinimmunoprecipitation ofNFI-1followedbymicroarrayhybridization.Only55genomiclocations were identiﬁed, an unexpectedly small target set. In vivo NFI-1 binding sites tend to be upstream of genes involved in core cellular processes, such as chromatin remodeling, mRNA splicing, and translation. Remark-ably, 59 out of 70 (84%) of the C. briggsae orthologs of the identiﬁed targets contain conserved NFI binding sites in their promoters. These experiments provide a foundation for understanding how NFI-1 is recruitedtounexpectedlyfewinvivositestoperformitsdevelopmental functions, despite a vast over-representation of its binding motif.