Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Universal Graph Compression: Stochastic Block Models

Motivated by the prevalent data science applications of processing large-scale graph data such as social networks and biological networks, this paper investigates lossless compression of data in the form of a labeled graph. Particularly, we consider a widely used random graph model, stochastic block model (SBM), which captures the clustering effects in social networks. An information-theoretic universal compression framework is applied, in which one aims to design a single compressor that achieves the asymptotically optimal compression rate, for every SBM distribution, without knowing the parameters of the SBM. Such a graph compressor is proposed in this paper, which universally achieves the optimal compression rate with polynomial time complexity for a wide class of SBMs. Existing universal compression techniques are developed mostly for stationary ergodic one-dimensional sequences. However, the adjacency matrix of SBM has complex two-dimensional correlations. The challenge is alleviated through a carefully designed transform that converts two-dimensional correlated data into almost i.i. d. submatrices. The sequence of submatrices is then compressed by a Krichevsky-Trofimov compressor, whose length analysis is generalized to identically distributed but arbitrarily correlated sequences. In four benchmark graph datasets, the compressed files from competing algorithms take 2.4 to 27 times the space needed by the proposed scheme.
Analysis of In situ Observations of Cloud Microphysics from M-PACE Final Report, DOE Grant Agreement No. DE-FG02-06ER64168

This report summarizes the findings and accomplishments of work performed under DOE Grant Agreement No. DE-FG02-06ER64168. The focus of the work was the analysis of in situ observations collected by the University of North Dakota Citation research aircraft during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (M-PACE). This project was conducted in 2004 along the North Slope of Alaska. The objectives of the research were: to characterize certain microphysical properties of clouds sampled during M-PACE, including spatial variability, precipitation formation, ice multiplication; to examine instrument performance and certain data processing algorithms; and to collaborate with other M-PACE investigators on case study analyses. A summary of the findings of the first two objectives is given here in parts 1 and 2; full results are contained in reports listed in part 3 of this report. The collaborative efforts are described in the publications listed in part 3.
Caracterización climática de las etapas áridas del Pleistoceno Superior en la Región Central Peninsular

Evidences from different paleoclimatic records have shown the existence of arid periods during the Upper Pleistocene and the Holocene in the central Iberian Peninsula. We present the palynological records from two aeolian deposits of central Iberian Peninsula which were developed during two of that arid periods in the Upper Pleistocene. One deposit is a clay dune, dated by OSL/TL on 22-23 ka, corresponding to the Last Glacial Maximum. The second deposit is a sand formation with massive structure and facies loess-like, dated by IRSL on I I ka, corresponding to the Younger Dryas event. Both palynological records confirm the existence of arid periods at 22-23 ka and at Ilka, showing a vegetation made up of Pinus, Juniperus and steppe-like taxa. The differences between both records indicate that the cold-and-arid climatic conditions were more intense and longer during the Last Glacial Maximum than during the Younger Dryas.
Depressive Symptoms among Bariatric Surgery Candidates: Associations with Stigmatization and Weight and Shape Concern

Bariatric surgery candidates (BSC) are a highly vulnerable group for mental health impairments. According to the theoretical model of weight stigma, weight-related experienced stigmatization (ES) negatively influences mental health through weight bias internalization (WBI). This study tested this model among BSC and investigated whether this association depends on a negative body image in terms of weight and shape concern as a potential moderator. As part of a German multicenter study, ES, WBI, weight and shape concern, and depressive symptoms were assessed via self-report questionnaires among n = 854 BSC. Simple and moderated mediation analyses were applied to analyze whether WBI influences the relationship between ES and depressive symptoms, and whether this influence depends on weight and shape concern. WBI significantly mediated the relationship between ES and depressive symptoms by partially reducing the association of ES with depressive symptoms. Weight and shape concern emerged as significant moderators in the overall model and specifically for associations between WBI and depressive symptoms. The results suggest that the association between ES and depressive symptoms among BSC is stronger in those with high WBI. This association is strengthened by weight and shape concern, especially at low and mean levels. Studies evaluating longitudinal associations between weight-related stigmatization and mental health are indicated, as well as intervention studies targeting WBI in order to reduce adverse effects of ES on mental health in BSC.
Machine Learning Approach for Dementia Classification using EEG Signal Analysis

Alzheimer's disease belongs to the most quintessential types of dementia and it counts a huge percentage of dementia cases as more than 60 percent. Diagnosing dementia definitively and early is a huge challenge. This study's objective is to identify Alzheimer’s Disease during its earliest stages like subjective cognitive decline and Mild cognitive impairment using EEG signal analysis.Methods: Data is provided by CRETH, includes the sample EEG signal recordings of 48 AD-patients, 79 MCI-patients, 34 SCD-patients, and 33 HC’s. The EEG signals are analyzed by extracting features using FFT, CWT and PSD techniques and Machine learning algorithms like, k-Nearest Neighbor, Neural networks, Support vector machine and Random Forest , are used as classifiers.Results: Receiver-operating characteristic analysis of the EEG results 90%for HC ,81% for SCD, 90% for MCI and 89% for AD when CWT feature extraction for Beta band using KNN classifier is used corresponding to a sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 84%, and F1-score of 84%. Using PSD feature extraction of beta band with KNN classifier yielded 94 % of specificity, but sensitivity of 80% and F1-score of 81% is observed.
Engineering a Solution-Processed In2O3 TFT With Improved Ambient Stability via MoO3 Doping

The solution processing of metal–oxide–semiconductor devices is a less energy-intensive route for fabricating transparent, high-performance electronics for the display industry. On the other hand, the poor long-term stability of these solution-processed thin films limits their wide-scale adoption. One possible way of improving the stability of the devices is doping the semiconductor film with another metal oxide. This letter reports the fabrication of solution-processed indium oxide films with and without molybdenum (VI) oxide doping and the device characteristics immediately after fabrication and after 30 days of storage. The results showed that the transistor devices with a pristine indium oxide thin film exhibit a severe drop in the ON-current level and charge carrier mobility and a large change in the threshold voltage. When molybdenum ions were included in the thin film, significant improvement was achieved in the stability of the electronic performance characteristics of the device in terms of the charge carrier mobility and threshold voltage.
Disparities in Breast Cancer Care—How Factors Related to Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment Drive Inequity

Breast cancer survival has increased significantly over the last few decades due to more effective strategies for prevention and risk modification, advancements in imaging detection, screening, and multimodal treatment algorithms. However, many have observed disparities in benefits derived from such improvements across populations and demographic groups. This review summarizes published works that contextualize modern disparities in breast cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment and presents potential strategies for reducing disparities. We conducted searches for studies that directly investigated and/or reported disparities in breast cancer prevention, detection, or treatment. Demographic factors, social determinants of health, and inequitable healthcare delivery may impede the ability of individuals and communities to employ risk-mitigating behaviors and prevention strategies. The disparate access to quality screening and timely diagnosis experienced by various groups poses significant hurdles to optimal care and survival. Finally, barriers to access and inequitable healthcare delivery patterns reinforce inequitable application of standards of care. Cumulatively, these disparities underlie notable differences in the incidence, severity, and survival of breast cancers. Efforts toward mitigation will require collaborative approaches and partnerships between communities, governments, and healthcare organizations, which must be considered equal stakeholders in the fight for equity in breast cancer care and outcomes.
A Machine Learning Based Risk Identification Method for Illegal Pig Slaughtering

With the impact of African swine fever, the survival rate of domestic pigs has sharply decreased, and pork prices continue to rise. Many unscrupulous elements obtain illegal profits by avoiding inspection and quarantine, processing sick and dead pigs, and injecting water, etc. Unquarantined meat products pose serious food safety risks. In this context, we propose a machine learning based risk identification method for illegal slaughter of live pigs. Firstly, we use the RetinaNet algorithm to detect live pig transport vehicles and use a dual residual network to Super-Resolution the vehicle area in the detected image to improve facial clarity. Subsequently, the ArcFace algorithm is used to match the facial information with the ex-convicts, and finally, the Location of vehicles passing through, time, frequency and facial analysis results are combined for calculation and scoring and provide the risk warning for illegal slaughter of live pigs.
Mitochondria-Targeted Catalase Does Not Suppress Development of Cellular Senescence during Aging

Cellular senescence is a complex stress response marked by stable proliferative arrest and the secretion of biologically active molecules collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in aging and age-related processes, including senescence. Stressors that increase ROS levels promote both senescence and the SASP, while reducing mitochondrial ROS or mitochondria themselves can prevent senescence or the SASP. Mitochondrially targeted catalase (mCAT), a transgene that reduces mitochondrial levels of ROS, has been shown to extend the lifespan of murine models and protect against the age-related loss of mitochondrial function. However, it remains unclear whether mCAT can prevent senescence or the SASP. In this study, we investigated the impact of mCAT on senescence in cultured cells and aged mice in order to discover if the lifespan-extending activity of mCAT might be due to the reduction in senescent cells or the SASP. Contrary to expectations, we observed that mCAT does not reduce markers of senescence or the SASP in cultured cells. Moreover, mCAT does not prevent the accumulation of senescent cells or the development of the SASP in adipose tissue from aged mice. These results suggest that mitochondrial ROS may not always play a causal role in the development of senescence during natural aging and underscore the need for a nuanced understanding of the intricate relationship between mitochondrial ROS and cellular senescence.
Covert Communication Under Public Satellite Signals: System Modeling and Performance Analysis with Finite-Length Coding

Covert communication has emerged as an promising scheme to protect the communication process from being detected by Willie with arbitrarily small probability. In this paper, we study the problem of hiding private messages under public signals in a satellite system, by exploiting the uncertainty of public signals' decoding errors. To this end, we firstly propose a theoretical model for such a covert transmission system, where the covertness condition of transmission power is established for the private message. Then, under such conditions, performance of the effective covert capacity for Bob is analyzed for transmitting finite-length private messages, by ensuring reliability of the inter-fered public signals at legitimate users. Finally, numerical results demonstrate that the effective capacity of covert communication can be improved by 11.7% under traditional schemes without the exploitation of the public signals.
Gut microbiota was highly related to the immune status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

This study aimed to explore the profile of gut microbiota and immunological state in COPD patients. 80 fecal and blood samples were collected from 40 COPD patients and 40 healthy controls (HC) and analyzed with 16s-rRNA gene sequencing and immunofactor omics analysis to investigate the profile of gut microbiota and immunologic factors (IFs). The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LefSe) was used to determine the biomarker’s taxa. The random forest and LASSO regression analysis were executed to screen IFs and develop an IFscore model. The correlation between gut microbiota and IFs, along with the IFscore and the diversity of gut microbiota, was evaluated with the Spearman analysis. The α and β diversity showed that the composition and distribution of gut microbiota in the COPD group differed from that of the HC group. 7 differential taxa at the phylum level and 17 differential taxa at the genus level were found. LefSe analysis screened out 5 biomarker’s taxa. 32 differential IFs (up-regulated 27 IFs and down-regulated 5 IFs) were identified between two groups, and 5 IFs (CCL3, CXCL9, CCL7, IL2, IL4) were used to construct an IFscore model. The Spearman analysis revealed that 29 IFs were highly related to 5 biomarker’s taxa and enriched in 16 pathways. Furthermore, the relationship between the IFscore and gut microbiota diversity was very close. The gut microbiota and IFs profile in COPD patients differed from that in healthy individuals. Gut microbiota was highly related to the immune status in COPD patients.
Multiscale co-simulation design pattern for neuroscience applications

Integration of information across heterogeneous sources creates added scientific value. Interoperability of data, tools and models is, however, difficult to accomplish across spatial and temporal scales. Here we introduce the toolbox Parallel Co-Simulation, which enables the interoperation of simulators operating at different scales. We provide a software science co-design pattern and illustrate its functioning along a neuroscience example, in which individual regions of interest are simulated on the cellular level allowing us to study detailed mechanisms, while the remaining network is efficiently simulated on the population level. A workflow is illustrated for the use case of The Virtual Brain and NEST, in which the CA1 region of the cellular-level hippocampus of the mouse is embedded into a full brain network involving micro and macro electrode recordings. This new tool allows integrating knowledge across scales in the same simulation framework and validating them against multiscale experiments, thereby largely widening the explanatory power of computational models.
An experimental study of compaction band evolution in an anisotropic sandstone

Diemelstadt sandstone is a quartz dominated material of about 23% porosity. It has been characterised as transversely isotropic about the pole to its bedding plane by measuring the anisotropy of pore-fabric using a magnetic susceptibility technique, and by measuring elastic wave velocities as a function of azimuth around orthogonal cores. These measurements indicate an average void-space shape approximating an oblate spheroid with an anisotropy of around 6%. Conventional triaxial experiments were then performed on samples of Diemelstadt sandstone cored in directions normal and parallel to the plane of isotropy (the bedding plane), under effective pressure conditions sufficient to traverse the brittle-ductile regime and to induce failure by the development of discrete compaction bands oriented in planes normal to the maximum compressive stress. Results show that samples deformed normal to bedding are consistently weaker in the compactive regime than the samples deformed parallel to bedding. This observation is consistent with further measurements which reveal that discrete compaction bands have a more pronounced impact on the evolution of permeability in samples deformed in the direction normal to the bedding plane. However, the permeability reduction in both orientations is dramatic, with the bulk permeability of Diemelstadt sandstone falling by up to four orders of magnitude. Acoustic emission locations show that the velocity of compaction band propagation is less than 0.1 mm s-1, and that the seismic b-value response to compaction band inception is consistent with a grain-scale deformation mechanism. Microstructural observations reveal a more tortuous compaction band trace in samples deformed parallel to bedding, which is consistent with greater strength observed in this direction. Our experimental data validate earlier theoretical predictions from spring network models which also point towards the influence of anisotropy on the morphology of compaction bands.
Pseudo-Ludwig’s Angina: Spontaneous Sublingual Haematoma Elicited by Warfarin

Spontaneous bleeding into the upper airways is a rare and potentially life-threatening complication of chronic anticoagulation. There are scarce cases in the literature demonstrating upper airway haematomas secondary to warfarin use, which is the predominant anticoagulant used by clinicians despite having a complex pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile. We report a compelling case featuring warfarin-induced sublingual haematoma, managed conservatively through the reversal of anticoagulation using fresh frozen plasma complemented by vigilant monitoring within the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). LEARNING POINTS Sublingual haematomas, though uncommon, represent potentially serious complications arising from warfarin therapy. Distinguishing sublingual haematomas from infectious processes requires a high level of clinical suspicion and is crucial for prompt management. The preferred course of action involves reversing anticoagulation with a low threshold for implementing an artificial airway in cases of compromised airways.
Fractured columnar small-world functional network organization in volumes of L2/3 of mouse auditory cortex

Abstract The sensory cortices of the brain exhibit large-scale functional topographic organization, such as the tonotopic organization of the primary auditory cortex (A1) according to sound frequency. However, at the level of individual neurons, layer 2/3 (L2/3) A1 appears functionally heterogeneous. To identify if there exists a higher-order functional organization of meso-scale neuronal networks within L2/3 that bridges order and disorder, we used in vivo two-photon calcium imaging of pyramidal neurons to identify networks in three-dimensional volumes of L2/3 A1 in awake mice. Using tonal stimuli, we found diverse receptive fields with measurable colocalization of similarly tuned neurons across depth but less so across L2/3 sublayers. These results indicate a fractured microcolumnar organization with a column radius of ∼50 µm, with a more random organization of the receptive field over larger radii. We further characterized the functional networks formed within L2/3 by analyzing the spatial distribution of signal correlations (SCs). Networks show evidence of Rentian scaling in physical space, suggesting effective spatial embedding of subnetworks. Indeed, functional networks have characteristics of small-world topology, implying that there are clusters of functionally similar neurons with sparse connections between differently tuned neurons. These results indicate that underlying the regularity of the tonotopic map on large scales in L2/3 is significant tuning diversity arranged in a hybrid organization with microcolumnar structures and efficient network topologies.
Design and Implementation of Psychotherapy System Based on Virtual Reality

Virtual reality is an advanced computer user interface, which is the product of people's constant demand for human-computer interaction. Virtual reality technology is the intersection and synthesis of computer graphics, humancomputer interface technology, sensor technology and artificial intelligence technology. The application of virtual reality can greatly reduce the burden on users and improve work efficiency. In the field of psychotherapy, VR technology combined with exposure therapy is most commonly used for the treatment of a variety of mental diseases, especially fear and anxiety disorders. This paper studies the basic technical elements and characteristics of virtual reality and summarizes the application of virtual reality technology in psychotherapy. Based on the current development of virtual reality, the demand and feasibility of applying virtual reality technology to psychotherapy are analyzed. Based on this theory, combined with real-time image processing technology, a virtual realitybased psychotherapy assistant system is designed and implemented in an MFC environment.
Use of the Logistic Function to Model Cumulative Volumes of Spray Nozzles

Modeling spray drop size distribution helps a proper nozzle selection in order to reduce the impact of pesticides on the environment during phytosanitary treatments. In fact, drop size is recognized as the most important factor that affects all aspects of a pesticide application: biological efficacy, environmental pollution, and operator exposure. This research represents a preliminary study in using the logistic function to fit the cumulative volume curves of a spray. Its S-shaped form may be useful in describing in simple manner the cumulative volume curves and then the pulverization capabilities of a nozzle. Experimental tests were carried out with an Albuz (France) orange hollow cone nozzle ATR 80 (European color code) at four pressures: 300, 500, 1000, and 1500 kPa. Drop size was measured by exploiting the liquid immersion method in a custom-made test-bench. Preliminary results showed that the proposed model, when used on a validation dataset, fitted the experimental data with high correlation coefficient (on average 0.9992) and low percentage of bias values, tending to improve when the pressure increased (decreasing from +3.69 % to −0.08 % when the pressure increased from 300 to 1500 kPa).