Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Investigation of Antibiotic Resistance in the Urban Water Cycle Influenced by Environmental and Anthropogenic Activity

The results from this study are of importance as they fill a gap in the data available on environmental AMR in South Africa to date. This study was done in parallel with co-investigators focusing on the prevalence of various antimicrobials at the same sites selected in our study, verifying that the sites that are influenced by informal settlements and WWTW influent had higher concentrations of antimicrobials and antimicrobial metabolites. ABSTRACT With increasing emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB) and the risk this poses to public health, there are growing concerns regarding water pollution contributing to the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through inadequate amenities and the rapid rate of urbanization. In this study, the impact of different anthropogenic factors on the prevalence of AMR in the urban water cycle in Stellenbosch, South Africa (SA) was examined. Carbapenem, colistin, gentamicin and sulfamethoxazole resistant Gram-negative bacteria were recovered by selectively culturing aqueous, biofilm and sediment samples from sites impacted to varying degrees by informal settlements, residential, industrial, and agricultural activities, as well as a municipal wastewater treatment works (WWTW). A metagenomic approach determined community profiles and dominant AMR genes at various sites, while carbapenem resistant colonies were characterized using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Isolates recovered from agricultural sites exhibited relatively high levels of resistance to carbapenems and colistin, whereas sites impacted by domestic run-off had a higher prevalence of resistance to gentamicin and sulfamethoxazole, corresponding to usage data in SA. Similar microbial taxa were identified in raw sewage, sites downstream of informal settlements, and industrial areas that have limited waste removal infrastructure while WWTW were seen to reduce the prevalence of ARB in treated wastewater when operating efficiently. The results indicate the multiple complex drivers underpinning environmental dissemination of AMR and suggest that WWTW assist in removing AMR from the environment, reinforcing the necessity of adequate waste removal infrastructure and antibiotic stewardship measures to mitigate AMR transmission. IMPORTANCE The results from this study are of importance as they fill a gap in the data available on environmental AMR in South Africa to date. This study was done in parallel with co-investigators focusing on the prevalence of various antimicrobials at the same sites selected in our study, verifying that the sites that are influenced by informal settlements and WWTW influent had higher concentrations of antimicrobials and antimicrobial metabolites. The various locations of the sample sites selected, the frequency of the samples collected over a year, and the different types of samples collected at each site all contribute to informing how AMR in the environment might be affected by anthropogenic activity.
The diagnostic importance of multiple cytokines in adult hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a category of immunological illnesses that cause out‐of‐control T cells and macrophages to release life‐threatening cytokines. The HLH‐2004 diagnostic criteria are the gold standard for HLH diagnosis, but there is a need to investigate the usefulness of various cytokines for HLH diagnosis.
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Microstructural Abnormalities in Multiple System Atrophy: A Comprehensive Review

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by autonomic failure, ataxia, and/or parkinsonism. Its prominent pathological alterations can be investigated using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI), a technique that exploits the characteristics of water random motion inside brain tissue. The aim of this report was to review currently available literature on the application of dMRI in MSA and to describe microstructural abnormalities, diagnostic applications, and pathophysiological correlates. Sixty‐four published studies involving microstructural investigation using dMRI in MSA were included. Widespread microstructural abnormalities of white matter were described, especially in the middle cerebellar peduncle, corticospinal tract, and hemispheric fibers. Gray matter degeneration was identified as well, with diffuse involvement of subcortical structures, especially in the putamina. Diagnostic applications of dMRI were mostly explored for the differential diagnosis between MSA parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease. Recently, machine learning algorithms for image processing and disease classification have demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy, showing potential for translation into clinical practice. To a lesser extent, clinical correlates of microstructural abnormalities have also been investigated, and abnormalities related to motor, ocular, and cognitive impairments were described. dMRI in MSA has contributed to in vivo identification of known pathological abnormalities. Translation into clinical practice of the latest advancements for the differential diagnosis between MSA and other forms of parkinsonism seems feasible. Current limitations involve the possibility of correctly diagnosing MSA in the very early stages, when the clinical diagnosis is most uncertain. Furthermore, pathophysiological correlates of microstructural abnormalities remain understudied. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Exploiting the Underdetermined System in Multichannel Active Noise Control for Open Windows

Active noise control (ANC) is a re-emerging technique to mitigate noise pollution. To reduce the noise power in large spaces, multiple channels are usually required, which complicates the implementation of ANC systems. In this paper, we separate the multichannel ANC problem into two subproblems, where the subproblem of computing the control filter is usually an underdetermined problem. Therefore, we could leverage the underdetermined system to simplify the ANC system without degrading the noise reduction performance. For a single incidence, we compare the conventional fully-coupled (pseudoinverse) multichannel control with the colocated (diagonal) control method and find that they can achieve equivalent performance, but the colocated control method is less computationally intensive. Furthermore, the underdetermined system presents an opportunity to control noise from multiple incidences with one common fixed filter. Both the full-rank and the overdetermined optimal control filters are realized. The performance of these control methods was analyzed numerically with the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the results validate the feasibility of the full-rank and overdetermined optimal control methods, where the latter could even offer more robust performance in more complex noise scenarios.
The work of managing a chronic illness: A job description

Abstract Rationale Self‐management of a chronic illness is a struggle for many patients. There is substantial evidence that patients are not as successful as they and their providers would like. Considering patient self‐management through an innovative and diverse lens could help patients, providers and the health care system to consider novel changes to improve success. Aims and Objectives To provide a complete view of patient work by utilizing the human resources management practice of job analysis to develop an initial job description for patients suffering from chronic illness. Methods Study design was descriptive qualitative with analysis aiming to identify those reoccurring ideas from the data. Thirty patients, with at least one chronic illness, in three focus groups were assembled for this study. Verbatim recordings and notes were used to categorize the data provided. Five coders analyzed the data independently, and jointly met to discuss the themes identified. Demographic data was collected via surveys. Results Patients with chronic illness engage in five primary ‘job’ duties including self‐care (actions taken to effectively manage physical and psychological symptoms), managing relationships (effective management of relationships with employers, family, friends and providers to ensure the best outcomes), managing resources (understanding and managing finances, health and prescription medication insurance), coordination (managing and scheduling visits to providers) and research/education (gathering information and conducting research relative to all aspects of managing one's illness). Relevant knowledge, skills, abilities (KSAs) and other resources were identified that are necessary for patients to effectively perform the five job duties. Conclusions Creating a job description for the ‘job’ of patient is a crucial step in understanding the work chronically ill patients undertake. Knowing the duties, their associated tasks and KSAs, and resources required to perform those tasks enables patients and their providers and advocates to better identify ways to assist, relieve and encourage these patients in order to maximize patient success.
Using Brain-Computer Interface and Internet of Things to Improve Healthcare for Wheelchair Users

—Brain-to-Thing Communication (BTC) is a type of ubiquitous system that aims to allow the communication from the human brain to smart objects in the Internet of Things (IoT). In this way, brain commands can be used to remotely control sensing and actuation of IoT devices. In this paper, we propose a BTC system for healthcare and show the viability to develop it. We present our BTC system architecture for wheelchair users, an illustrative application example, research challenges in this domain
Aquaculture marketing

Throughout the Philippines, places such as this roadside market are closest to most consumers ☞ By MB Surtida Aquaculture production is meaningless unless distributed and consumed. Most of the time, the technology generated addresses production, never mind distribution and consumption. Experts say that if production is to be increased, distribution “from the point of production to the point of consumption must complement the increase. ” As fish production increases, marketing must be efficient to allow it to expand.
Agile Methods on Large Projects in Large Organizations

Agile methods have taken software development by storm but have been primarily applied to projects in what is referred to as the “agile sweet spot,” which consists of small collocated teams working on small, non-critical, green field, in-house software projects with stable architectures and simple governance rules. These methods are being used more and more on large projects, but little documentation is available in the academic literature. This article investigates the adoption and adaptation of agile methods for use on large projects in large organizations. The empirical study is based first on case studies, followed by a survey to validate and enrich the case study results. The results are somewhat paradoxical in that some features are common to almost all observations, whereas others show extreme variability. The common features include use of Scrum methodology and agile coaches, as well as the non-respect of the agile principle of emergent architecture.
PII: S1010-7940(01)00691-1

Objective: To determine whether cyclosporine A (CsA) or cycloheximide (CHX) can reduce neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus in a chronic animal model of hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA). Methods: Twenty-eight pigs (28±33 kg) underwent 90 min of HCA at 208C. In a blinded study, animals were randomized to placebo (n  12), 5 mg/kg CsA (n  8), or 1 mg/kg CHX (n  8). After elective sacri®ce 7 days postoperatively, brains were perfusion-®xed and the left hippocampus was examined for evidence of neuronal cell death. An in situ double-labeling method was used on cryosections to unequivocally identify apoptotic nuclei by the simultaneous visualization of DNA fragmentation and apoptotic chromatin condensation. Sections were also examined by immunocytochemistry for upregulation of the proapoptotic proteins Bax, activated caspase 3, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Results: Apoptotic nuclear degradation was clearly present in the CA1, CA2 and CA3 subregions of the hippocampus after HCA. However, there was also morphological evidence for an accompanying necrotic-like cell death. There was no signi®cant difference between the number of apoptotic nuclei observed in CSA-treated animals, mean value 4.4 ^ 1.63 SEM or CHX-treated animals, mean value 4.0 ^ 1.92 SEM, and age-matched control HCA pigs, mean value 4.85 ^ 1.69 SEM, (P . 0:10). Conclusions: The data clearly demonstrate apoptotic cell death in pigs after HCA by simultaneously demonstrating in situ end labeling (TUNEL reaction) and apoptotic chromatin condensation using a nucleic acid-binding dye. Since CsA shows promising neuroprotective effects in behavioral studies, and since the peak of HCA-induced apoptosis occurs earlier than 7 days, further studies will be required to determine whether CsA can improve neuronal survival in the ®rst few days after HCA. CHX was not effective in reducing apoptosis in this model. q 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
of Sex-Hormone-BIndIng Globulin In Serum and Plasma,

Bovw,S Thyretropin ( t flVL) L;rud. nccj . , W Fig. 1 . Effect of forskolin on FRTL-5 cell CAMP response to bovine thyrotropin or human choriogonadotropin (hCG) Cultures were exposed to increasing doses of thyrotropin or hCG together with forskolin, 0.1 moVL (#{149}); forskolin, 0.5 uno1/L (0); or in Hanks balanced salt solution containing 0.5 mmol of 3-lsobutyl-1-methylxanthine and 4 g of bovine serum albumin per liter alone (0). All incubatlons were for 2 h. Bars Indicate the mean (±SD) response for each set of triplicate cultures subfected to each treatment
Requirement of Ca 2 (cid:1) and PKC (cid:2) for Janus Kinase 2 Activation by Angiotensin II: Involvement of PYK2

In vascular smooth muscle cells, angiotensin II (AngII) stimulates association of its G protein-coupled AngII type 1 (AT 1 ) receptor with Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), resulting in the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins. Although the association and activation of subsequent signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins appear to prerequire JAK2 activation, the signaling mechanism by which the AT 1 receptor activates JAK2 remains uncertain. Here, we have examined the signaling mechanism required for JAK2 activation by AngII in vascular smooth muscle cells. We found that AngII, through the AT 1 receptor, rapidly stimulated JAK2 phosphorylation at Tyr 1007/1008 , the critical sites for the kinase activation. By using selective agonists and inhibitors, we demonstrated that PLC and its derived signaling molecules, phosphatidylinositol triphosphate/ Ca 2 (cid:1) and diacylglycerol/PKC, were essential for AngII-induced JAK2 phosphorylation. The PKC isoform required for JAK2 activation appears to be PKC (cid:2) since a selective PKC (cid:2) but not PKC (cid:3) / (cid:4) inhibitor and dominant-negative PKC (cid:2) overexpression inhibited JAK2 activation. We further examined a link between JAK2 and a Ca 2 (cid:1) /PKC-sensitive tyrosine kinase, PYK2. We found that PYK2 activation by AngII requires PKC (cid:2) , and that PYK2 associates with JAK2 constitutively. Moreover, transfection of two distinct PYK2 dominant-negative mutants markedly inhibited AngII-induced JAK2 activation. From these data we conclude that AT 1 -derived signaling molecules, specifically Ca 2 (cid:1) and PKC (cid:2) , participate in AngII-induced JAK2 activation through PYK2. These data provide a new mechanistic insight by which the hormone AngII exerts its cytokine-like actions in mediating vascular remodeling. ( Molecular Endocrinology 16: 367–377, 2002) second messengers, Ca 2 (cid:1) and diacylglycerol, signal to PYK2 and thereby activate JAK2 in VSMCs.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Frequent and symmetric deposition of misfolded tau oligomers within presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals in Alzheimer¿s disease

The accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer ’ s disease (AD) propagates with characteristic spatiotemporal patterns which follow brain network connections, implying trans-synaptic transmission of tauopathy. Since misfolded tau has been shown to transmit across synapses in AD animal models, we hypothesized that synapses in AD patients may contain misfolded tau. By immunofluorescence imaging of bipartite synapses from AD subjects, we detected tau protein in 38.4% of presynaptic and 50.9% of postsynaptic terminals. The pre/post distribution for hyperphosphorylated tau was 26.9%/30.7%, and for misfolded tau 18.3%/19.3%. In the temporal cortex, microscopic aggregates of tau, containing ultra-stable oligomers, were estimated to accumulate within trillions of synapses, outnumbering macroscopic tau aggregates such as tangles by 10000 fold. Non-demented elderly also showed considerable synaptic tau hyperphosphorylation and some misfolding, implicating the synapse as one of the first subcellular compartments affected by tauopathy. Misfolding of tau protein appeared to occur in situ inside synaptic terminals, without mislocalizing or mistrafficking. Misfolded tau at synapses may represent early signs of neuronal degeneration, mediators of synaptotoxicity, and anatomical substrates for transmitting tauopathy, but its actual role in these processes remain to be elucidated.
Performance Analysis of IoT Adaption Layer Protocol

The network communication in the real world has a significant consumption of energy and the processing power involved. The components used for the network communication like the protocol and the other mechanisms used consumes a large amount of energy. As a result the low power networks like WSN and the IoT motes face a lot of difficulties for the processing. As a solution to this IETF group called for a new protocol that utilized a low energy in Low power and a Lossy networks. IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks abbreviated as 6LowPan protocol was designed for the working in the low power networks.In the paper, we have a detailed analysis carried out on the performance of the 6LowPan protocol with different number of nodes. The performance are evaluated for number of parameters like throughput, latency, power etc
Characterization of plasminogen as an adhesive ligand for integrins (cid:1) M (cid:2) 2 (Mac-1) and (cid:1) 5 (cid:2) 1 (VLA-5)

Plasminogen (Pg) has been implicated in many biologic processes involving extracellular proteolysis. We investigated whether Pg, by virtue of its capacity to be deposited within the extracellular matrix, can serve as a ligand for cell surface integrins. We report here that Pg supports cell adhesion by engaging integrins (cid:1) M (cid:2) 2 and (cid:1) 5 (cid:2) 1 . The immobilized Glu-Pg, but not its derivatives with the N-terminal peptide lacking, plasmin and Lys-Pg, supported efﬁcient adhesion that was abolished by anti- (cid:1) M (cid:2) 2 and anti- (cid:1) 5 (cid:2) 1 integrin-speciﬁc monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In addition, lysine binding sites of Glu-Pg contributed to cell adhesion inasmuch as tranexamic acid and (cid:3) -aminocaproic acid inhibited cell adhesion. The involvement of (cid:1) M (cid:2) 2 and (cid:1) 5 (cid:2) 1 in adhesion to Glu-Pg was demonstrable with blood neutrophils, U937 monocytoid cells, and genetically engineered (cid:1) M (cid:2) 2 -transfected human embryonickidney(HEK)293cells.In (cid:1) M (cid:2) 2 , the (cid:1) M I-domain is the binding site for Glu-Pg because the “I-less” form of (cid:1) M (cid:2) 2 did not support cell adhesion and the recombinant (cid:1) M I-domain bound Glu-Pg directly. In comparison with cell adhesion, the binding of soluble Glu-Pg to cells and the concomitant generation of plasmin activity was inhibited by anti- (cid:1) 5 (cid:2) 1 but not by anti- (cid:1) M (cid:2) 2 . These ﬁndings identify Glu-Pg as an adhesive ligand for integrins (cid:1) M (cid:2) 2 and (cid:1) 5 (cid:2) 1 and suggest that (cid:1) 5 (cid:2) 1 may participate in the binding of soluble Glu-Pg and assist in its activation. (Blood. 2004;104:719-726)
Case Myocardial Fibrosis Secondary to Advanced Chagas Disease: A Case Presentation and Review of Literature

Chagas disease is a systemic infection due to Trypanosoma cruzi , a parasitic protozoan. Trypanosoma cruzi is endemic in Latin America; however, the prevalence has been increasing in the United States. The infection is mostly vector-borne secondary to triatomine or “kissing” bug bites. However, the infection can also spread via organ transplantation, blood transfusion, or transplacentally resulting in congenital manifestations. Chronic Chagas disease can cause cardiac or gastrointestinal complications that may be irreversible if left untreated. Major cardiac complications include dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, and thromboembolism. improve with rest. He also endorsed bilateral lower extremity nocturnal cramps but denied lower extremity edema, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, cough, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or exertional chest pain. At the time of presentation, the patient was vitally stable. Cardiac examination revealed the presence of S3 and S4, grade 2-3/6 long systolic murmur best heard over third right and left sternal borders. He had clear breath sounds bilaterally without rhonchi or crackles. Neuro exam was positive for weakness on the left side (which is residual from a previous ischemic stroke). Pertinent labs: Brain natriuretic peptide was 883pg/ml, D-dimer was 13,185ng/ml. Complete blood count and comprehensive metabolic panel were within normal limits. His lipid panel showed mildly increased LDL and decreased HDL. Troponins were negative. Five years before this presentation, the patient was admitted due to a right middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke with left-sided hemiparesis. As a part of the work-up, echocardiogram at that time showed dilated cardiomyopathy with an ejection fraction of 40%, and a small apical aneurysm. The patient also gave a history of Chagas disease and reported living in an endemic area. Serology was positive The was to an for antiparasitic However, for one hospital follow-up after this and taking all of
The Utility of Thrombus Aspiration for NSTEMI

he presence of heavy thrombus burden at the time of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with an increased incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during follow-up (1). Distal embolization of thrombus can lodge in the smaller arterioles and capillaries downstream, leading to suboptimal angiographic results after PCI with reduced Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) ﬂ ow and myocardial blush grade (2). The resulting microvascular obstruction (MO) pre-vents gadolinium from entering the downstream region of myocardium and is characterized by an area of signal void within the surrounding bright infarct on late gadolinium-enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) T1 imaging. The hope has been that thrombus aspiration will prevent distal embolization and result in signi ﬁ cant improvement of outcomes after PCI for AMI. However, the recent large TASTE (Thrombus Aspiration in Myocardial Infarction) trial involving 7,244 patients did not demonstrate a bene ﬁ t for death (3). Meanwhile, a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials, in-cluding TASTE, suggests that aspiration thrombectomy compared with conventional primary PCI resulted in a signi ﬁ cant reduction in reinfarction, stent thrombosis, and late mortality (4). Although thrombus presence at the time of PCI is higher in STEMI than in patients with non-STEMI (NSTEMI) the question remains whether patients with thrombus present on angiography for NSTEMI will bene ﬁ t from routine thrombus aspiration or should thrombus aspiration be used only in certain cases based on the clinical scenario. In the case of NSTEMI, aspiration devices are less commonly used, as