Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Lightweight High-Resolution RS Image Road Extraction Method Combining Multi-Scale and Attention Mechanism

Road information plays an indispensable role in human society’s development. However, owing to the diversity and complexity of roads, it is difficult to obtain satisfactory road-extraction result. Some typical factors, such as discontinuity, loss of edge details, and long-time consumption, have negative impacts on obtaining accurate road information. These problems are particularly prominent during road extraction when high-resolution remote-sensing images are used. To obtain accurate road information, a novel lightweight deep learning neural network was pro-posed in this study by integrating a multiscale module and attention mechanisms. As an excellent multiscale segmentation module, the atrous spatial pyramid pooling was selected to enhance the road extraction ability of remote sensing images. In addition, an attention mechanism was employed to solve the problems of discontinuity and loss of edge details in road extraction, and MobileNet V2 was selected as the backbone of DeepLab V3+ because of its lightweight structure, which can help solve the problem of excessive training time consumption. The experimental verification was carried out on the Ottawa road dataset and the Massachusetts road dataset. Experimental results show that compared with U-Net, SegNet and MDeeplab v3+ networks, the proposed algorithm is the best in IoU, Recall, OA and Kappa. Among them, on the Ottawa road dataset, the OA and Kappa of the algorithm in this paper are 98.92 % and 95.02 %, respectively. On the Massachusetts road dataset, OA and Kappa 98.29% and 89.87%. In addition, the training time was significantly shorter than that of the other deep learning networks. The proposed method exhibited a good performance in road extraction.
Competencias profesionales del docente en la sociedad del siglo XXI

La doble faceta de docente e investigador del profesor exige una correcta preparacion tanto para la adquisicion de conocimientos y actualizacion de los mismos como para el desarrollo de nuevas habilidades y destrezas exigibles en una sociedad en permanente cambio. Este articulo ofrece un estudio de las nuevas competencias docentes y de como su desarrollo profesional se encuentra sometido al influjo de la sociedad de la informacion y la comunicacion. Asimismo se reclama la capacitacion de los profesionales de la educacion en el dominio y explotacion didactica de las nuevas tecnologias tras reconocer que con su auxilio se puede lograr la mejora de los procesos de ensenanza y aprendizaje en sintonia con los cambios que hoy se operan en la sociedad y en el individuo.
Oral cancer detection using transfer learning-based framework from histopathology images

Abstract. Oral cancer is a serious worldwide health problem. It might be seen in the face, oral glands, neck, or mouth of the patient. Cancer detection utilizing histopathology images aids in easing and forecasting abnormality. Furthermore, it delivers better outcomes if biological procedures are implemented appropriately, however, there are large opportunities for human errors and blunders during physical examinations. The advancement of deep learning techniques may open the door to a better detection of oral cancer from histopathology images, which will be advantageous to lab staff and medical professionals. Our study presents an in-depth analysis of 10 pre-trained deep convolutional neural network models using transfer learning approach for the detection of oral cancer. The experiment was performed for two classes, i.e., normal and oral squamous cell carcinoma. The results show that the VGG19 model with data augmentation was able to attain the highest classification accuracy of 96.26% using the transfer learning technique. We have also introduced an approach by integrating the VGG19 pre-trained model with a custom naïve inception block. This fusion of two well-known models harnesses their complementary strengths and results in a more robust architecture. The incorporation of the inception block addresses limitations observed in the VGG19 framework, such as vanishing gradient issues and excessive computational requirements. The proposed model for detection of oral cancer has undergone a thorough block-wise fine tuning. Our results demonstrate the superior performance of our deep learning architecture compared to existing literature, highlighting its potential to enhance the detection and diagnosis of oral cancer.
Inversions cromosòmiques, clines i adaptació a "Drosophila suboscura": aproximació mitjançant marcadors moleculars

Drosophila subobscura es una especie amb un polimorfisme cromosomic molt ric, adaptatiu i que actualment esta responent al canvi climatic. Malgrat aixo, encara es desconeixen els mecanismes selectius que mantenen les inversions a les poblacions i fan que aquestes siguin adaptatives. Existeixen tres hipotesis descrites per tal d’explicar el manteniment de les inversions a les poblacions: la hipotesi de la Coadaptacio de Dobszhansky, la hipotesi de la seleccio supergenica de Wassermann i la hipotesi de l’Adaptacio local de Kirkpatrick i Barton. L’objectiu del present treball ha estat estudiar a D. subobscura el paper de les inversions cromosomiques en l’adaptacio a l’ambient i com es mantenen a les poblacions naturals. D’aquesta manera, es va analitzar el contingut genetic de les 4 inversions mes frequents del cromosoma O en set poblacions europees, localitzades al llarg d’un gradient latitudinal. S’han utilitzat marcadors moleculars com ara loci microsatel•lits i gens candidats a l’adaptacio termica. Els resultats han mostrat una alta uniformitat genetica de les inversions cromosomiques al llarg de la clina latitudinal, suggerint que el contingut genetic d’un determinat ordenament cromosomic es constant a totes les poblacions. A mes, en comparar diferents inversions, s’ha trobat una gran diferenciacio genetica, essent l’OST el mes diferent. El gran desequilibri de lligament trobat entre dos dels gens, localitzats a mes de 14Mb de distancia i dins i fora, respectivament de la inversio O7, podria estar suggerint l’existencia d’interaccions epistatiques entre ells. El conjunt dels nostres resultats indiquen que la hipotesi de l’adaptacio local es la que millor explicaria el manteniment de les inversions del cromosoma O de D. subobscura. Per altra banda tambe, s’ha analitzat la relacio de diferents ordenaments cromosomics amb la termotolerancia i la resposta al xoc termic. Els nivells basals d’HSP70 en els individus homocariotips O3+4 son molt elevats i equivalents als nivells de proteina mesurats despres d’un xoc termic en tots els homocariotips independentment del seu ordenament. Aixo, sumat a que presenten una major termotolerancia i termopreferencia en relacio als individus portadors de l’ordenament OST, podria estar relacionat amb la clina latitudinal de frequencia que presenta d’aquest ordenament.
Designing a Clinician-Centered Wearable Data Dashboard (CarePortal): Participatory Design Study

Background The recent growth of eHealth is unprecedented, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Within eHealth, wearable technology is increasingly being adopted because it can offer the remote monitoring of chronic and acute conditions in daily life environments. Wearable technology may be used to monitor and track key indicators of physical and psychological stress in daily life settings, providing helpful information for clinicians. One of the key challenges is to present extensive wearable data to clinicians in an easily interpretable manner to make informed decisions. Objective The purpose of this research was to design a wearable data dashboard, named CarePortal, to present analytic visualizations of wearable data that are meaningful to clinicians. The study was divided into 2 main research objectives: to understand the needs of clinicians regarding wearable data interpretation and visualization and to develop a system architecture for a web application to visualize wearable data and related analytics. Methods We used a wearable data set collected from 116 adolescent participants who experienced trauma. For 2 weeks, participants wore a Microsoft Band that logged physiological sensor data such as heart rate (HR). A total of 834 days of HR data were collected. To design the CarePortal dashboard, we used a participatory design approach that interacted directly with clinicians (stakeholders) with backgrounds in clinical psychology and neuropsychology. A total of 8 clinicians were recruited from the Rhode Island Hospital and the University of Massachusetts Memorial Health. The study involved 5 stages of participatory workshops and began with an understanding of the needs of clinicians. A User Experience Questionnaire was used at the end of the study to quantitatively evaluate user experience. Physiological metrics such as daily and hourly maximum, minimum, average, and SD of HR and HR variability, along with HR-based activity levels, were identified. This study investigated various data visualization graphing methods for wearable data, including radar charts, stacked bar plots, scatter plots combined with line plots, simple bar plots, and box plots. Results We created a CarePortal dashboard after understanding the clinicians’ needs. Results from our workshops indicate that overall clinicians preferred aggregate information such as daily HR instead of continuous HR and want to see trends in wearable sensor data over a period (eg, days). In the User Experience Questionnaire, a score of 1.4 was received, which indicated that CarePortal was exciting to use (question 5), and a similar score was received, indicating that CarePortal was the leading edge (question 8). On average, clinicians reported that CarePortal was supportive and can be useful in making informed decisions. Conclusions We concluded that the CarePortal dashboard integrated with wearable sensor data visualization techniques would be an acceptable tool for clinicians to use in the future.
Effects of Wooden Breast Syndrome in Broiler Chicken on Sarcoplasmic, Myofibrillar, and Connective Tissue Proteins and Their Association with Muscle Fiber Area

This study was conducted on chicken pectoralis major muscle with different wooden breast severity in combination with different sampling locations to investigate the effects of wooden breast syndrome on protein traits and total myofiber area, and their associations. Contents of sarcoplasmic, salt-soluble myofibrillar and salt-insoluble protein and proportion of total myofiber area significantly declined with increasing severity in the superficial part of muscle, whereas the amount of heat-soluble/insoluble collagen and protein denaturation as well as the area of degenerated myofibers, connective tissue and cellular infiltrates increased. Myofibril protein content indicators showed strong positive correlations to total myofiber area. Moreover, PCA results indicated that severe wooden breast is positively linked to muscle collagen content and to protein denaturation. Our results suggest that decrease in sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins is associated with reduction of myofiber area. In turn, the muscle fibers are replaced by connective tissue, accompanied by excessive myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein denaturation.
A retrospective study on 294 referral cases of uterine torsion in bovines

A retrospective study on 294 bovines (267 buffaloes and 27 cows) affected with uterine torsion revealed that the incidence was more common in pluriparous buffaloes (90.8%). On detailed obstetrical examination, majority of the cases had uterine torsion greater than 270-360º, right-sided and post-cervical in location. Successful detorsion yielded in per-vaginal delivery of the calves in 240 buffaloes (93%) and 17 cows (65%), of which the majority were delivered in anterior longitudinal presentation. At the same time, the unsuccessful cases were relieved by caesarean section, and very few instances were salvaged due to grave prognosis. The survival rate of the new-born calves was recorded as 23% with a greater proportion being males
TIMP1 shapes an immunosuppressive microenvironment by regulating anoikis to promote the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Background: The association between ccRCC and Anoikis remains to be thoroughly investigated. Methods: Anoikis-related clusters were identified using NMF. To identify prognostic anoikis-related genes (ARGs) and establish an optimal prognostic model, univariate Cox and LASSO regression were employed. The E-MTAB-1980 cohort was utilized for external validation. Multiple algorithms were used to evaluate the immune properties of the model. GO, KEGG and GSVA analyses were employed to analyze biological pathway functions. qRT-PCR was employed to measure RNA levels of specific genes. Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing, and Transwell chamber assays were performed to determine changes in the proliferative and metastatic abilities of A498 and 786-O cells. Results: Based on the expression of 21 prognostic ARGs, we constructed anoikis-related clusters with different prognostic and immune characteristics. The cluster A1 showed a worse prognosis, higher infiltration of immunosuppressive cells and enrichment of several oncogenic pathways. We also calculated the Anoikis Index (AI). Patients in high AI group had a worse prognosis, higher infiltration of immunosuppressive cells and higher expression of immunosuppressive checkpoints. TIMP1 exerted a tumor-promoting role in ccRCC and was significantly associated with immunosuppressive cells and checkpoints. The downregulation of TIMP1 negatively regulated ccRCC cell proliferation and metastasis. Conclusions: ARGs played crucial roles in tumorigenesis and progression and were positively associated with a poor prognosis. AI had great accuracy in predicting the prognosis and immune characteristics of ccRCC patients. TIMP1 was significantly associated with clinicopathological variables and the immunosuppressive microenvironment, which could be exploited to design novel immunotherapies for ccRCC patients.
Definition of 'active fault'. Final report

The term active fault has had a long, well-established usage among engineering geologists and seismologists. Despite many shades of meaning in the definitions, the term signifies offsets during geologically recent time, association with earthquakes, and probability or portential for recurrence of these events. The term would benefit from a commonly accepted definition. Capable fault has a more restricted meaning as defined by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. (Author)
Efecto de los días postparto sobre la tasa de preñez en vacas de cría de carne con ternero al pie tratadas para IATF

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de los días postparto al inicio de un tratamiento para inseminación artificial a tiempo fijo (IATF) en vacas Bos indicus o cruzas de cría de carne con ternero al pie en un sistema pastoril. Se utilizaron 188 vacas de entre 2,5 y 12 años, todas ellas entre 30 y 100 días postparto al momento de iniciar el tratamiento. Las vacas se ubicaron en Upala, Costa Rica, durante el último trimestre del año 2019. Los grupos de tratamiento se dividieron en 4 según los días postparto: Grupo 1 (entre 30 y 45 días; n= 39), Grupo 2 (entre 46 y 60 días; n= 40), Grupo 3 (entre 61 y 75; n= 66), Grupo 4 (de 76 a 100 días; n= 43). Para un análisis posterior, el Grupo 1 se subdividió en 3 subgrupos: Grupo 1A (entre 30 y 35 días postparto; n= 11), Grupo 1B (entre 36 y 40 días; n= 12), Grupo 1C (de 41 a 45 días; n= 16). El porcentaje de preñez en general fue del 56,9% (107/188). No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos: 48,71% (19/39), 70,00% (28/40), 53,03% (35/66) y 58,13% (25/43) para los grupos 1, 2, 3 y 4, respectivamente (p= 0.22). El porcentaje de preñez en los subgrupos 1A, 1B y 1C fue del 45,45%, 50,00% y 50,00%, respectivamente, sin diferencias significativas (p= 0.79) entre ellos. Tampoco se encontraron divergencias en los otros parámetros evaluados, como el estatus ovárico (p= 0.63), la interacción entre el estatus ovárico y los días posparto (p= 0.52), y el efecto del toro (p= 0.42). En conclusión, bajo las condiciones de este trabajo, no hay discrepancias en la tasa de preñez si se inicia un tratamiento de IATF entre 30 y 100 días postparto.
Microbiological Quality of Polish Artisanal Varietal Honeys

On the basis of routine microbiological tests and selected physicochemical parameters, the quality and food safety of Polish varietal honeys were evaluated. The study included 21 honey samples from 5 varieties (multifloral, honeydew, rapeseed, buckwheat and linden), in which the moisture and extract content, water activity, pH and free acids were determined, and the colony count, the presumptive Bacillus spp. , the total fungal count and the presence of anaerobic spore-forming bacilli were examined. More than half (52%, 11/21) of the analyzed honeys contained fewer microorganisms than 10 cfu/g, and in the remaining samples, their numbers ranged from 5 × 101 cfu/g to 4.5 × 102 cfu/g. In all the honeys, the number of presumptive Bacillus spp. in 1 g was less than 10 cfu. In 81% (17/21) of the samples, the total count of fungi in 1 g of honey was less than 10 cfu, and the most contaminated was buckwheat honey (3 samples). The anaerobic spore-forming bacteria was detected in 0.1 g only in one sample of buckwheat honey. The values of the physicochemical parameters did not exceed the accepted limits, which indicated that the honey environment was unfavourable for the development of the tested microbial profile.
Analytical solutions for mass transport in hydrodynamic focusing by considering different diffusivities for sample and sheath flows

The fluid flow and mass transfer characteristics in two-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing are theoretically investigated by considering different physical properties for the sample and sheath flows. Adopting a single-domain formulation, which assigns the region variable physical properties, three-dimensional analytical solutions are obtained for species transport under hydrodynamically fully developed conditions. In addition, simplified analytical solutions are derived assuming a uniform velocity field appropriate to electrokinetic focusing. The results show that the normalized overall mean velocity is an increasing function of the height to width ratio and a decreasing function of the sheath to sample viscosity ratio. The dependence of this normalized mean velocity on the sheath to sample flow-rate ratio is, however, non-monotonic: it grows with the flow-rate ratio when the sample fluid is more viscous than the sheath fluid, whereas the opposite is true when the sheath fluid is more viscous. Moreover, although an increase in either the viscosity or flow-rate ratios results in creating a smaller value of the normalized focused width, varying the channel aspect ratio may lead to either thinner or thicker focused regions, depending on the viscosity ratio. The inspection of the mass transport characteristics reveals that only the viscosity ratio and the Péclet number can significantly alter the mixing length. Surprisingly, the minimum mixing length in the presence of significant axial diffusion is achieved for a single-phase flow. Finally, the dimensionless mixing length is reduced by increasing the Péclet number, although the changes are negligible when this parameter is above 10. This threshold is only true when the Péclet number is calculated based on the higher of the sample and sheath diffusion coefficients.
Antiferromagnetically coupled CoFe/MgO/CoFe stacks

Exchange coupling (EC) in as-deposited and annealed Co80Fe20 (CoFe)/MgO/Co80Fe20 (CoFe) for MgO thickness spanning 0.45 to 4.5 nm has been studied. Unlike relevant existing results and theories, antiferromagnetic EC behaviors were observed in annealed CoFe/MgO/CoFe with 2.7-nm MgO insulating barrier. Interestingly, a transition from antiferromagnetic to nearly paramagnetic response to applied magnetic field was found around 520 °C corresponding to Néel temperature of CoFe2O4. Based on grazing incidence x-ray diffraction study, oxide phases of CoO, Co3O4, and CoFe2O4 starts to be built in the interface annealed at 150 °C and then those of CoO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, and CoFe2O4 are mostly distributed over the interface annealed at 250 °C. This indicates CoO and CoFe2O4 formed at the Co-rich interface act as antiferromagnetic sources giving rise to the exchange-coupled antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic (AFM/FM) interface and then AFM EC into the CoFe/MgO/CoFe.
Coal Power in the CDM: Issues and Options

This paper examines several issues that arise in awarding emission reduction credits to coal projects in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). It identifies systematic weaknesses in the coal methodology's (ACM0013) design and application. The authors estimate that shortcomings lead to significant over-crediting of Certified Emission Reductions and discuss why a revision of the methodology to more accurately estimate emissions reductions may not be possible because of data constraints and weak signal-to-noise ratio. The paper also examines evidence that suggests the vast majority of these projects would have proceeded in the absence of the CDM, and are thus non-additional. It considers the suitability of coal in the CDM, given the identified flaws in the methodology, and in the light of coal’s impact on climate change and its social and environmental burdens. COAL POWER IN THE CDM: ISSUES AND OPTIONS SEI WP 2011-02
Novel Dual-Mode NIR-II/MRI Nanoprobe Targeting PD-L1 Accurately Evaluates the Efficacy of Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Background Durable responses to immune-checkpoint blocking therapy (ICT) targeting programmed cell death protein-1/ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) have improved outcomes for patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Unfortunately, only 19–23% of patients benefit from ICT. Hence, non-invasive strategies evaluating responses to therapy and selecting patients who will benefit from ICT are critical issues for TNBC immunotherapy. Methods We developed a novel nanoparticle-Atezolizumab (NPs-Ate) consisting of indocyanine green (ICG), gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA), human serum albumin (HSA), and Atezolizumab. The efficiency of Gd-DTPA linking was verified using mass spectrometry, and the size of NPs-Ate was characterized using Nano-flow cytometry. The synthesized NPs-Ate were evaluated for fluorescence stability, penetration depth, and target specificity. TNBC cell lines and tumor-bearing mice models were used to identify the feasibility of this dual-modal second near-infrared/magnetic resonance imaging (NIR-II/MRI) system. Additionally, ICT combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy in TNBC tumor-bearing mice models were used to assess dynamic changes of PD-L1 and predicted therapeutic responses with NPs-Ate. Results Atezolizumab, a monoclonal antibody, was successfully labeled with ICG and Gd-DTPA to generate NPs-Ate. This demonstrated strong fluorescence signals in our NIR-II imaging system, and relaxivity (γ1) of 9.77 mM−1 s−1. In tumor-bearing mice, the NIR-II imaging signal background ratio (SBR) reached its peak of 11.51 at 36 hours, while the MRI imaging SBR reached its highest as 1.95 after 12 hours of tracer injection. NPs-Ate specifically targets cells and tumors expressing PD-L1, enabling monitoring of PD-L1 status during immunotherapy. Combining therapies led to inhibited tumor growth, prolonged survival, and increased PD-L1 expression, effectively monitored using the non-invasive NPs-Ate imaging system. Conclusion The NIR-II/MRI NPs-Ate effectively reflected PD-L1 status during immunotherapy. Real-time and non-invasive immunotherapy and response/prognosis monitoring under NIR-II/MRI imaging guidance in TNBC is a promising and innovative technology with potential for extensive clinical applications in the future.