Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermal modeling and analysis of three-dimensional (3D) chip stacks

Title of Thesis: Thermal Modeling and Analysis of Three-Dimensional (3D) Chip Stacks Christopher Bachmann, Master of Science, 2007-09-11 Thesis Directed by: Avram Bar-Cohen and Jungho Kim Mechanical Engineering Department Three-dimensional (3D) chip architectures have garnered much research interest because of their potential to alleviate the interconnect delay bottleneck that is expected to limit the traditional progression of Moore’s law through device scaling in planar chips. While the benefits of 3D chip integration are clear, there are several obstacles to its broader implementation. In particular, the issue of power dissipation is a major challenge to the development of high performance 3D chip stacks. The well-documented difficulties in cooling future 2D chips will only be exacerbated by 3D architectures in which volumetric power density is increased and non-uniform power dissipation is more severe. This thesis focuses on three relevant topics in the cooling of 3D chip stacks: 1) the determination of effective thermal properties for use in compact thermal models, 2) single phase internal liquid cooling, and 3) hot spot remediation with anisotropic thermal interface materials. THERMAL MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF THREEDIMENSIONAL (3D) CHIP STACKS
Festkörperaktoren mit Sensor-Eigenschaften (Solid-state Actuators with Sensory Capabilities)

Festkörperaktoren auf der Basis multifunktionaler Werkstoffe enthalten gleichzeitig und am selben Wirkort Informationen über die mechanischen Ausgangsgrößen Kraft und Auslenkung sowie über die elektrischen Eingangsgrößen; sie werden daher auch als Self-sensing-Aktoren bezeichnet. Im Wesentlichen gibt es zwei Möglichkeiten zur Nutzbarmachung des Self-sensing-Effektes: Die zustandsgrößenbasierte Methode und die parameterbasierte Methode. In diesem Beitrag werden beide Methoden sowie die konkrete Vorgehensweise zur Rekonstruktion der mechanischen aus den elektrischen Zustandsgrößen erläutert. Am Beispiel eines piezoelektrischen Mikropositionierantriebs wird abschließend die Leistungsfähigkeit des Self-sensing-Konzeptes demonstriert. Solid-state actuators based on multifunctional materials contain at the same time and in the same location information about the mechanical output variables force and displacement as well as about the electrical input variables. This is why they are referred to as self-sensing actuators. Basically, there are two possibilities for applying the self-sensing effect: the state-variable-based method and the parameter-based method. Here, both methods are explained in addition to a detailed approach to derive mechanical state variables from electrical state variables. Finally, a piezoelectric micro-positioning drive is used to demonstrate the performance of the self-sensing concept.
Recovery of the lumbopelvic movement and muscle recruitment patterns using motor control exercise program in people with chronic nonspecific low back pain: A prospective study

This study aims to investigate the dysfunction and recovery of the lumbopelvic movement and motor control of people with chronic nonspecific low back pain after a structured rehabilitation which emphasizes on re-education and training of movement and motor control. The lumbopelvic movement and motor control pattern of 30 adults (15 with chronic low back pain, 15 healthy controls) were assessed using 3D motion and electromyographic analysis during the repeated forward bending test, in additional to the clinical outcome measures. Regional kinematics and muscle recruitment pattern of the symptomatic group was analysed before and after the 6-week rehabilitation, and compared to healthy controls. Significant improvement in back pain, functional capacity and self-efficacy of the symptomatic group was found after the rehabilitation. Patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain were capable to recover to a comparable level of the healthy controls in terms of their lumbopelvic movement and motor control pattern upon completion of a 6-week rehabilitation program, despite their dysfunction displayed at baseline. Phase specific motor control reorganization in which more profound and positive changes shown during the flexion phase. Our findings indicate that the recovery of the movement and motor control pattern in patients with chronic low back pain achieved to a comparable level of the healthy able-bodies. The improvement of both the physical outcome measures suggest that specific rehabilitation program which emphasizes on optimizing motor control during movements would help promoting the functional recovery of this specific low back pain subgroup.
Endovascular treatment of penetrating vascular injuries

Abstract Endovascular treatment of vascular injuries has resulted in reduced operating time, blood loss, hospital mortality and sepsis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the success and complication rate of the endovascular management of penetrating peripheral vascular injuries during 5 years. In this observational study, the clinical records and imaging features of 22 penetrating trauma injuries of 276 penetrating vascular trauma patients (8%), which were repaired using endovascular stent-grafts or coil embolization, between April 2013 and August 2018, included in the study. The median age of patients was 43 years (Range, 20–78 years). There were 17 stab wounds (77.3%), 2 shotgun war remnants (9.1%) and 2 iatrogenic post-surgical lesions. Eleven stent-grafts (50%) and nine coil embolizations (40.9%) were deployed. Endovascular interventions in the management of peripheral vascular injuries can be efficient in definitive repair, damage control and hemorrhage control in severely ill trauma patients.
Michaelis-like complex of SARS-CoV-2 main protease visualized by room-temperature X-ray crystallography

Understanding the catalytic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) can help in guiding drug design of specific small-molecule antivirals. A 2.0 Å resolution room-temperature X-ray crystal structure of inactive C145A mutant Mpro in complex with the octapeptide Ac-SAVLQSGF-CONH2 that resembles a Michaelis complex is reported.
A simulation of older adults’ associative memory deficit using structural process interference in young adults

Associative memory deficit underlies a part of older adults’ deficient episodic memory due to the reduced ability to bind units of information. In this article we further assess the mechanism underlying this deficit, by assessing the degree to which we can model it in young adults under conditions of divided attention. We shall describe two experiments in this paper; these experiments investigate item and associative recognition in young adults under full- or divided-attention conditions. The secondary tasks employed were N-back like (NBL), which serves as a working memory updating task, and parity judgement and visuospatial (VS) tasks, which serve as non-working memory tasks. The results of both experiments show that only the NBL specifically affected associative recognition, while the other tasks affected item and associative memory to the same degree, indicating a general resource competition. These results presented a convergence of evidence for the associative deficit in older adults by modelling it in young adults.
WHY STUDENTS CHOOSE (NOT) TO STUDY ENGINEERING

This paper presents results from a longitudinal study in which 134 students are followed in their transition process from the end of upper secondary school to university. Through interviews with 38 students, this research aims at understanding for what reasons students choose a Higher Education in science, technology, engineering or math (STM), but also why some students with an interest in STM in upper secondary school end up by not choosing it. Using a narrative psychological approach, we conclude that students, who choose not to study STM, are not only choosing what to study on behalf of their interest. More students do actually have an interest in STM, but STM is being considered as not supporting students self development. The skills and competences you get by studying STM is understood as being something separated from the rest of the world, and STM is understood as being stable, rigid and locked without it being possible to develop or discuss. To put it in another way the students do not see many opportunities for constructing attractive identities if choosing STM. On the contrary students, who do choose engineering, do it because of aspirations towards cross-disciplinary project based working methods, an innovative study programme with possibilities to engage in real life problems and also interesting job perspectives. The research find, that the students who enters engineering find it difficult to see any coherence across the study-subjects, and they do only to a limited extend find that the teaching include real life problems in the first semester studying engineering. The conclusion is that engineering to a large extend matches the expectations of those who do not choose engineering. If we want to attract and keep more students in engineering, engineering institutions could hugely benefit from considering educational strategies that actually match the expectations of students who do choose engineering, namely programs which are more cross disciplinary and innovative, also (and especially) in the first year. These implications are discussed in the conclusion.
Quantitative model of the driver's reaction time during daytime fog – application to a head up display-based advanced driver assistance system

Road accidents because of fog are relatively rare but their severity is greater and the risk of pile-up is higher. However, processing the images grabbed by cameras embedded in the vehicles can restore some visibility. Tarel et al. (2012) proposed to implement head up displays (HUD) to help drivers anticipate potential collisions by displaying dehazed images of the road scene. In the present study, three experiments have been designed to quantify the expected gain of such a system in terms of the driver's reaction time (RT). The first experiment compares the RT with and without dehazing, giving quantitative evidence that such an advanced driving assistance system (ADAS) may improve road safety. Then, based on a modified Pieron's law, a quantitative model is proposed, linking the RT to the target visibility (V t), which can be computed from onboard camera images. Two additional experiments have been conducted, giving evidence that the proposed RT model, computed from V t, is robust with respect to contextual cues, to contrast polarity and to population sample. The authors finally propose to use this predictive model to switch on/off the proposed HUD-based ADAS. Language: en
The effect of chemotherapy type and timing among the other factors on patency of totally implantable vascular access devices in colorectal carcinoma

Purpose: Catheter-related complications are observed in infusion of chemotherapy, and these were encountered with targeted therapies. Our principle is to study non-mechanical effects of type and initiation time of chemotherapy among the other factors on patency of totally implantable vascular access devices (TIVAD) inserted in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Methods: This is a one-center retrospective cohort study. We analyzed TIVAD related complications in 624 patients with colorectal carcinoma. The patients were categorized by chemotherapy type (non-target-directed chemotherapy agents (Group A), bevacizumab (Group B), and cetuximab (Group C)). Additionally, we divided the patients into groups by the time interval between TIVAD insertion and chemotherapy initiation. According to our study, a 3-day period was optimal. Therefore, we named the groups as within 3 days and beyond 3 days, and called this process 3 days cut-off. Age, gender, jugular-subclavian access, platelet count, INR, the types of chemotherapy, and the initiation time of chemotherapy were investigated by survival tests. We compared chemotherapy type groups both one-by-one and combined into one group. Results: The TIVADs were removed due to the complications in 11 patients of Group A, 6 patients of Group B, and 3 patients of Group C. Only chemotherapy type was significant (p = 0.011) in Cox regression test. A clear difference (p = 0.010) was detected between the catheter patency of Group A and combination of Groups B and C, because of skin necrosis and thrombosis. Within 3 days of their first chemotherapy day, an important difference between Group A and Group C (p = 0.013) was observed in the TIVAD patency. The same observation was made between Group A and Group B (p = 0.007). Beyond this period, no major difference was detected (p = 0.341). Conclusion: A major effect on catheter patency was detected by using the target-directed chemotherapy agent within 3 days, which should be considered in target-directed chemotherapy.
Resonant controllers for smart structures

In this paper we propose a special type of colocated feedback controller for smart structures. The controller is a parallel combination of high-Q resonant circuits. Each of the resonant circuits is tuned to a pole (or the resonant frequency) of the smart structure. It is proven that the parallel combination of resonant controllers is stable with an infinite gain margin. Only one set of actuator–sensor can damp multiple resonant modes with the resonant controllers. Experimental results are presented to show the robustness of the proposed controller in damping multimode resonances.
Prevalence and associated factors of dysglycemia among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objectives Dysglycemia is known to be a common comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, undiagnosed dysglycemia and the associated factors remain under-reported. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and the associated factors of dysglycemia among COPD patients. Methods This was a cross-sectional, single-center study involving adults with established COPD (n = 186) divided into those with or without hospital admissions for acute exacerbation. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in patients with no known history of dysglycemia. Results There were 16 patients who had overt diabetes, and 32 had prediabetes following the OGTT. Forty percent had histories of hospital admissions for COPD exacerbations. Both groups demonstrated similar 2-h post prandial glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose. The incidences of newly diagnosed dysglycemia were higher in both groups (40.8% vs 34.6%, p = 0.57). Cumulative days of admission (≥6 days/year) and weight (≥65 kg) were identified as predictors for dysglycemia within the study population. Discussion This study demonstrated a high number of overt and newly diagnosed dysglycemia among COPD patients who had no previous history of abnormal glucose. Recent acute exacerbations of COPD could have a negative impact on glycemia, although the results did not attain statistical significance. However, there is a need for adequate screening for dysglycemia, particularly among those with frequent acute exacerbations of their condition.
An assimilatory sulfite reductase, CysI, negatively regulates the dormancy of Microbulbifer aggregans CCB‐MM1T

Sulfur is one of the common and essential elements of all life. Sulfate, which is a major source of sulfur, plays an important role in synthesizing sulfur‐containing amino acids, such as cysteine and methionine, organic compounds essential to all living organisms. Some investigations reported that the assimilatory sulfate reduction pathway (ASRP) involved in cysteine synthesis is crucial to entering bacterial dormancy in pathogens. Our previous investigation reported that the halophilic marine bacterium, Microbulbifer aggregans CCB‐MM1T, possesses an ASRP and the dissimilatory sulfate reduction pathway (DSRP). The bacterium might use DSRP to generate energy required for entering its dormant. However, the role of the ASRP in the dormancy of M. aggregans CCB‐MM1T was so far unknown. In this study, we found that genes involved in ASRP were downregulated in the dormancy. The disruption of the gene encoding an assimilatory sulfite reductase, cysI, suppressed a completely dormant state under low nutrient conditions. In addition, the cysI mutant showed cell aggregation at the middle‐exponential phase under high nutrient conditions, indicating that the mutation might be stimulated to enter the dormancy. The wild‐type phenotype of the bacterium was recovered by the addition of cysteine. These results suggested that cysteine concentration may play an important role in inducing the dormancy of M. aggregans.
Physical Characterization, Nutrient, Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activities of 16 litchi Cultivars Grown in the Upper Yangtze River Region

Litchi grown in the upper Yangtze River region have the advantage of being late‐maturing owing to the geographical location. This study aimed to evaluate the physical characteristics, nutritional values, phenolic composition and antioxidant activities of 16 litchi cultivars grown in the upper Yangtze River region. Litchi grown in this region had total soluble solid and ascorbic acid contents comparable with those of cultivars grown in other locations. The total polyphenol contents were determined using the Folin‐Ciocalteu assay, and the phenolic profiles were determined using UPLC‐QqQ‐MS/MS. Nine phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in this study. Naringin, rutin and p‐coumaric acid were the major phenolic compounds in all the litchi cultivars. Statistical analysis of all the physiochemical results was performed using principal component analysis. Our results indicated that litchi grown in the upper Yangtze River region not only showed the late‐maturity characteristic but were also good dietary sources of phenolic compounds and antioxidants. In particular, ‘Fei Zi Xiao’ and ‘Jing Gang Hong Nuo’, characterized by high polyphenol contents and high antioxidant capacities, were of superior comprehensive quality. This study provides important information for the development of late‐maturing litchi industry.
Design of N-dimensional hyperquadrantally symmetric FIR filters using the McClellan transform

A method for designing hyperquadrantally symmetric N-D FIR-filters is presented. Using the first order McClellan transform to map the N-D frequency space onto the 1-D frequency line it is possible to design hyperquadrantally symmetric N-D filters very accurately. The coefficients of the McClellan transform are selected by optimizing a well defined optimization criterion. Although the proposed method is a generalization to an existing method for the 2-D case, a very elegant and easily computable solution to the optimization problem is presented for the first time. >
Amygdala network reorganization mediates the theory of mind performances in multiple sclerosis

Theory of mind (ToM) seems to be affected in multiple sclerosis (MS). MRI studies suggested a role of the amygdala in social cognitive performances. Therefore, we explored the role of the amygdala network in ToM using a multimodal MRI approach. In MS, patients with impaired ToM showed contradictory dysexecutive neuropsychological profile. Therefore, we compared neural networks involved in ToM and executive functions (EFs). Twenty patients with relapsing‐remitting MS and 15 matched healthy controls were selected. ToM (Faux Pas test and mind stories) and EFs were assessed within and outside the scanner. All subjects underwent a battery of neuropsychological tests. Multimodal MRI with structural (diffusion imaging) and functional (resting‐state and task‐based) sequences was used to analyze the role and connections of the amygdala in ToM functioning. Cognitive and ToM performances were similar between patients and controls. Resting‐state data revealed decreased connectivity of the left amygdala with frontal areas in patients compared to controls (p < 0.0001). During the task‐based functional MRI, patients demonstrated increased connectivity between the amygdala and several cerebellar and left temporal regions (all p < 0.05). The microstructural alterations between the left amygdala and left temporal regions were associated with increased functional connectivity within the same pathway (r = 0.74; p < 0.01). No overlap was observed between functional networks involved in ToM and EFs. Our study demonstrates more connectivity recruitment between the amygdala and cerebellar and temporal regions in MS patients to reach preserved ToM performance. Microstructural abnormalities have been related to this compensatory network. Finally, different networks were involved in EFs and ToM.
Lessons Learned in Developing and Applying Land Use Model Systems

A variety of land use models is driven by theoretical advances, data availability, enhanced computation, and new policy-making needs. This paper describes the process of developing and applying a disaggregate model system that seeks to simulate the subdivision and land use change of parcels and the spatial allocation of households and employment across zones. Relying on multinomial logit specifications, random number generation, and a seemingly unrelated regression model with both spatial lag and spatial error components, the model development process was accompanied by a variety of challenges. Some issues are specific to the model presented here, but many are common for integrated transport–land use models. It is hoped that solutions to these issues and lessons learned offer useful insights for ongoing improvements in land use modeling endeavors of all types. Comparisons of road pricing and trend scenario results for the Austin, Texas, region highlight how policies may shape land and travel futures. Although the road pricing policy did not alter land use intensity patterns in a significant way, it was forecast to increase speeds across the region's network and reduce regional congestion levels.
3-18 GHz compact planar antenna for short-range radar imaging

An ultra-compact planar antenna aiming to be part of an imaging antenna array operating in the broad 3–18 GHz frequency range is presented. The antenna is made of two closely packed wide-band monopoles for simultaneous transmission and reception functionalities. A high isolation ( >20 dB) between the two patches is achieved through the insertion of a structured ground plane (decoupling structure). A prototype was fabricated on a Roger R4003c laminate measuring 58 × 33 mm2 and used in inverse synthetic array radar configuration for detecting a steel object with sub-centimetre spatial resolution.
The Transient Analysis of Certain TEM Mode Four-Port Networks

This paper presents the transient analysis of certain four-port TEM mode microwave networks. Flow graph techniques are employed to determine in closed form the system function between two given ports. This representation reveals the pole-zero pattern of the component which is used to graphically obtain the amplitude spectrum (CW response). In the time domain, the impulse response (the inverse transform of the system function) is used to determine the step modulated response of the network at its resonant frequency. This proves to be a particularly easy task for certain symmetrical networks. The flow graph technique is illustrated by analyzing three often used microwave networks (namely; the ring hybrid, the 3-dB branch line coupler, and the branch line phase shifter), and an estimate is made of their "settling times" for a step modulated input. Experimental methods are introduced which permit an investigator to generate a 0.2 nanosecond pulse and/or a microwave step modulated source. These test functions are then used to critically evaluate the theoretical results in the laboratory.