Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Xanthotoxin enhances the anticonvulsant potency of levetiracetam and valproate in the 6‐Hz corneal stimulation model in mice

Xanthotoxin (8‐methoxypsoralen; XANT) is a furanocoumarin that has many biological properties, including antiepileptic activity. This study evaluated the effect of XANT on the ability of classical and novel antiepileptic drugs to prevent seizures evoked by the 6‐Hz corneal stimulation‐induced seizure model, which is thought to be an experimental model of psychomotor (limbic) seizures in humans. XANT (50 mg/kg, administered i.p.) significantly potentiated the anticonvulsant activity of levetiracetam and valproate, decreasing their median effective dose (ED50) values from 19.37 to 2.83 mg/kg (P < 0.01) for levetiracetam and from 92.89 to 44.44 mg/kg (P < 0.05) for valproate. Neither XANT (50 mg/kg) alone nor its combination with the anticonvulsant drugs (at their ED50 values from the 6‐Hz test) affected motor coordination; skeletal muscular strength and long‐term memory, as determined in the chimney; and grip strength and passive avoidance tests, respectively. Measurement of total brain antiepileptic drug concentrations revealed that XANT (50 mg/kg) had no impact on levetiracetam total brain concentrations, indicating the pharmacodynamic nature of interaction between these antiepileptic drugs in the mouse 6‐Hz model. However, XANT (50 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased total brain concentrations of valproate (P < 0.01), indicating the pharmacokinetic nature of interactions between drugs. XANT in combination with levetiracetam exerts beneficial anticonvulsant pharmacodynamic interactions in the 6‐Hz mouse psychomotor seizure model.
Antifungal activity of streptavidin C1 and C2 against pathogens causing Fusarium wilt

Fusarium wilt is caused by the soil‐inhabiting fungus Fusarium oxysporum ff. spp. and is one of the most devastating plant diseases, resulting in losses and decreasing the quality and safety of agricultural crops. We recently reported the structures and biochemical properties of two biotin‐binding proteins, streptavidin C1 and C2 (isolated from Streptomyces cinnamonensis strain KPP02129). In the present study, the potential of the biotin‐binding proteins as antifungal agent for Fusarium wilt pathogens was investigated using recombinant streptavidin C1 and C2. The minimum inhibitory concentration of streptavidin C2 was found to be 16 µg ml–1 for inhibiting the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum and F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, while that of streptavidin C1 was found to be 64 µg ml–1. Compared with the nontreated control soil, the population density of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the soil was reduced to 49·5% and 39·6% on treatment with streptavidin C1 (500 µg ml–1) and C2 (500 µg ml–1), respectively. A greenhouse experiment revealed that Fusarium wilt of tomato plants was completely inhibited on soil drenching using a 50‐ml culture filtrate of the streptavidin‐producing strain KPP02129.
Crystal structure of N′-(adamantan-2-ylidene)pyridine-3-carbohydrazide, C16H19N3O

Abstract C16H19N3O, orthorhombic, Pna21 (no. 33), a = 8.0381(5) Å, b = 10.4499(8) Å, c = 17.1228(13) Å, V = 438.27(18) Å, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0499, wRref(F2) = 0.1105, T = 100 K.
Fast Synthesis of Hydrazine and Azo Derivatives by Oxidation of Rare-Earth-Metal−Nitrogen Bonds

A novel N−N coupling reaction was developed through the oxidation of rare-earth-metal−nitrogen bonds produced by treatment of the easily available rare-earth-metal amides [(Me3Si)2N]3RE(μ-Cl)Li(THF)3 with aromatic primary or secondary amines. The reaction provides the symmetrical or unsymmetrical azo compounds and hydrazine derivatives in good to high yields within a very short time under mild conditions.
Psychological distress in late adolescence: The role of inequalities in family affluence and municipal socioeconomic characteristics in Norway

The present study aims to explore, in the national context of Norway, how municipal socioeconomic indicators affect anxiety and depressive symptom scores among senior high school students and whether this potential municipal effect is dependent on the adolescents’ family affluence levels. This cross-sectional study is based on questionnaire data collected in five waves (2014–2018) of the Ungdata survey. The study sample consisted of 97,460 adolescents aged 16–18 years attending high school in 156 municipalities in Norway. Measures of psychological distress, depression, and anxiety symptoms were based on the screening instrument, Hopkins Symptom Checklist-10. Two-level random intercept models were fitted to distinguish the individual and municipality sources of variation in adolescents’ mental health. In general, the results indicate substantial psychological symptom load among the study sample. Inequalities in adolescents’ psychological distress between family affluence groups were evident, with the lowest symptom loads in the most affluent families. The predicted depressive and anxiety symptoms among the students increased slightly along with the percentage of municipal residents with tertiary educations and with increasing income inequalities in their residential municipality. However, the interaction models suggest that the adverse effects of higher municipal education level and greater income inequality are, to a certain extent, steepest for adolescents with medium family affluence. This study highlights two key findings. Both municipality effects and family affluence account for a relatively small proportion of the total variance in the students’ psychological symptoms loads; however, the mental health inequalities we explored between socioeconomic strata on both the individual and municipal levels are not insignificant in a public health perspective. Results are discussed in the context of psychosocial mechanisms related to social comparison and perceptions of social status that may be applicable in egalitarian welfare states such as Norway.
In reference to Predictive Nomogram for the Necessity of Tracheotomy During Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer Surgery

The predictive nomogram developed by Siyuan Xu et al. is novel. However, this nomogram has included only a few factors such as primary tumor site, tumor size, midline crossing, preoperative radiation, mandibulectomy, flap reconstruction, and neck dissection. We feel these factors are inadequate and would not predict the need for tracheostomy in all cases. The decision to perform elective tracheostomy to prevent postoperative airway obstruction depends on multiple other factors such as patient factors, tumor characteristics, surgery-related factors, and reconstructive factors. Scoring systems are available for preoperative clinical predictors of difficult intubation. Laryngoscore is a good predictor of difficult cases and assists in selecting the ideal candidates. The score includes inter-incisors gap, thyromental distance, upper jaw dental status, trismus, mandibular prognathism, macroglossia, micrognathia, degree of neck flexion-extension, history of previous open-neck surgery and/or radiotherapy, Mallampati’s modified score, and body mass index. Trismus should be included in this checklist as most of the patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer will trismus due to either oral submucous fibrosis or disease extension into the masticator space. In our experience, postoperative mouth-opening assessment at the end of surgery should also be considered in the risk assessment. Elective postoperative intubation in patients with moderate risk reduces the risk of airway compromise. But those patients who fail extubation on third postoperative day should undergo an elective tracheostomy. Aspiration can occur when the patient has a major tongue or oropharyngeal resection and even after reconstruction without compromising airway. Tracheostomy can be considered for pulmonary toileting to prevent pneumonia in patient with poor pulmonary function. Cardiopulmonary factors are integral for deciding whether a tracheostomy should be done. Surgeon’s expertise and availability of the intensive care unit for monitoring also plays a significant role. The scoring system should therefore be a reliable screening method and appropriately predict the patients who do not require tracheostomy. Although none of the factors independently predicts the obstruction in the postoperative period, all the abovementioned factors should be considered for forming a robust risk assessment system.
Prognostic value of heart rate variability in patients with coronary artery disease in the current treatment era

Coronary artery disease (CAD) mortality has declined substantially over the past decades thanks to advancing medical and interventional/surgical treatments; therefore, the prognostic value of the heart rate variability in CAD in the current treatment era is not well established. We evaluated the prognostic significance of baseline heart rate variability in 1,757 ARTEMIS study patients with angiographically verified CAD. During an average follow-up time of 8.7 ± 2.2 years, a total of 285 (16.2%) patients died. Of the patients, 63 (3.6%) suffered sudden cardiac death or were resuscitated from sudden cardiac arrest (SCD/SCA), 60 (3.4%) experienced non-sudden cardiac death (NSCD), and death attributable to non-cardiac causes (NCD) occurred in 162 (9.2%) patients. For every 10 ms decrease in standard deviation of normal to normal intervals the risk for SCD/SCA, NSCD and NCD increased significantly: HR 1.153 (95% CI 1.075–1.236, p<0.001), HR 1.187 (95% CI 1.102–1.278, p<0.001) and HR 1.080 (95% CI 1.037–1.125, p<0.001), respectively. The natural logarithm of the low-frequency component of the power spectrum and the short-term scaling exponent of the detrended fluctuation analysis also had significant association with all modes of death (p<0.001). After relevant adjustment, standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals retained its association with NSCD and NCD (p<0.01), the natural logarithm of the low-frequency component of the power spectrum with all modes of death (p from <0.05 to <0.01), and the short-term scaling exponent of the detrended fluctuation analysis with SCD/SCA (p<0.05) and NCD (p<0.001). In conclusion, impairment of many measures of heart rate variability predicts mortality but is not associated with any specific mode of death in patients with stable CAD during the current treatment era, limiting the clinical applicability of heart rate variability to targeting therapy.
The importance of soil carbon and nitrogen for amelioration of acid sulphate soils

When exposed to air and adequate moisture, soils containing sulphides (sulphidic soils with pH > 4) become oxidized and generate sulphuric acid to form ‘sulphuric soils’ (pH < 4). Treatment of this acidity is undertaken by addition of lime. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of adding plant organic matter, and simple carbon and nitrogen compounds, as alternatives to lime to sulphuric and sulphidic soils. In sulphuric soils under aerobic conditions, organic matter increased pH, the extent depending on the nitrogen content. Lucerne hay, which had the largest nitrogen content, increased the pH from 3.7 to 8.0, while pea straw and wheat straw effected smaller changes, in proportion to their respective nitrogen contents. Lucerne hay also caused the greatest reductions in soil redox potential and sulphate content, consistent with the action of sulphate‐reducing bacteria. Similarly, incorporation of organic matter under aerobic conditions effectively prevented sulphidic soil acidification and reduced the redox potential and sulphate content. The individual effects of carbon and nitrogen compounds were then examined and compared to plant organic material. Glucose was ineffective at both small and large concentrations, while molasses increased the pH slightly to 4.6 and acetate to 5.9. None of these carbon compounds was as effective as complex organic matter. Nitrogen added alone as nitrate or ammonia had little or no effect on pH, whereas organic nitrogen in the form of urea caused the pH to rise to 6.3 and reduced the redox to less than 0 mV but had no significant effect on sulphate content.
Decay Mechanism of Spontaneously Built-up Surface Potential in a Thin Film of a Zwitterionic Molecule Having Noncentrosymmetric Crystal Structure

The spontaneously built-up surface potential in a vacuum-deposited thin film of a zwitterionic molecule, pyridinium 5,7-dihydro-5,7-dioxo-6H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-6-ylide (4N-PI), was observed to decay upon illumination with a photon energy above the photoconduction threshold. The decay rate increased with increasing film crystallinity. The current−voltage relationship obtained from the surface potential decay can be explained by a combination of ohmic and space-charge-limited current conduction mechanisms, and the dependence of the fitting parameters on film crystallinity provided further strong evidence that photogenerated charge carriers contribute to the disappearance of the surface potential.
Effect Analysis of Low Temperature Promoting Flowering in Chinese Cabbage

In order to research the effects of low temperature on flowering of Chinese cabbage,the paper studied the effect of low temperature on flowering of Chinese cabbage and analysed the change trend of the content of soluble sugar,pritein,starch and hormones in both germinating seeds and seedlings during cold treatment using common variety Youdonger′ as experimental material.The results showed that both germinating seeds and seedlings of variety youdonger can be induced to flowering by low temperature treatment.During cold treatment,the content of soluble sugar in both germinating seeds and seedlings increased,the starch and protein decreased and the total C/N ratio increased.In addition,cold treatment of germinating seeds made the content of GA and IAA in plants increasing,the content of ABA decreasing,at the same time,GA/ABA and IAA/ABA also increased,but GA/IAA went down and rose later.Cold treatment of seedlings not noly made the content of GA,IAA and ABA increasing,but also made GA/ABA,GA/IAA and IAA/ABA increasing.It suggested that the increase of relative content of GA and IAA is benefit to flowering of the Chinese cabbage.
Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanorods Doped with Tetrahedral, High Spin Transition Metal Ions: Mn2+, Co2+, and Ni2+

Because of its useful optoelectronic properties and the relative abundance of its elements, the quaternary semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) has garnered considerable interest in recent years. In this work, we dope divalent, high spin transition metal ions (M2+ = Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+) into the tetrahedral Zn2+ sites of wurtzite CZTS nanorods. The resulting Cu2MxZn1–xSnS4 (CMTS) nanocrystals retain the hexagonal crystalline structure, elongated morphology, and broad visible light absorption profile of the undoped CZTS nanorods. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy help corroborate the composition and local ion environment of the doped nanocrystals. EPR shows that, similarly to MnxCd1–xSe, washing Cu2MnxZn1–xSnS4 nanocrystals with trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) is an efficient way to remove excess Mn2+ ions from the particle surface. XPS and IR of as-isolated and thiol-washed samples show that, in contrast to binary chalcogenides, Cu2MnxZn1–x.
Personal Identity Economics: Facebook and the Distortion of Identity Politics

This article examines Facebook’s role in the treatment of marginalized identity as currency. Recent examples of solidarity statements and corporate social responsibility rhetoric treat disenfranchised racial and gender identities as value-added competitive market quantities to boost brands. This trend also incentivizes marginalized actors to capitalize on their own disenfranchisement in pursuit of visibility and career advancement. The resulting identity politicking replaces communal care, grassroots social ties, solidarity, and interdependence with isolating market competition. This article diverges from scholars who trouble the differential value of identity—by troubling the valuation of identity itself. Facebook normalizes identity as private property in what I call a transition from identity politics to “personal identity economics. ” I coin this concept and break it down into the following four factors: (1) The optimization of difference beginning in the 1970s, (2) Facebook’s algorithmic invasion of market logic into intimate aspects of life starting in the mid 2000s, (3) Ads Manager’s economization of identity into legible economic units, and (4) neoliberal corporate social responsibility rhetoric of “social good” as a profitable asset.
iMLP, a predictor for internal matrix targeting-like sequences in mitochondrial proteins

Abstract Matrix targeting sequences (MTSs) direct proteins from the cytosol into mitochondria. Efficient targeting often relies on internal matrix targeting-like sequences (iMTS-Ls) which share structural features with MTSs. Predicting iMTS-Ls was tedious and required multiple tools and webservices. We present iMLP, a deep learning approach for the prediction of iMTS-Ls in protein sequences. A recurrent neural network has been trained to predict iMTS-L propensity profiles for protein sequences of interest. The iMLP predictor considerably exceeds the speed of existing approaches. Expanding on our previous work on iMTS-L prediction, we now serve an intuitive iMLP webservice available at http://iMLP.bio. uni-kl.de and a stand-alone command line tool for power user in addition.
circ_0005962 functions as an oncogene to aggravate NSCLC progression

Abstract Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading threat to human lives with high incidence and mortality. Circular RNAs were reported to play important roles in human cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of circ_0005962 and explore the underlying functional mechanisms. Methods The protein levels of Beclin 1, light chain3 (LC3-II/LC3-I), Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), Cleaved Caspase 3 (C-caspase 3), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were examined using western blot analysis. Glycolysis was determined according to the levels of glucose consumption and lactate production. Xenograft model was constructed to investigate the role of circ_0005962 in vivo. Result circ_0005962 expressed with a high level in NSCLC tissues and cells. circ_0005962 knockdown inhibited proliferation, autophagy, and glycolysis but promoted apoptosis in NSCLC cells. miR-382-5p was targeted by circ_0005962, and its inhibition reversed the role of circ_0005962 knockdown. Besides, PDK4, a target of miR-382-5p, was regulated by circ_0005962 through miR-382-5p, and its overexpression abolished the effects of miR-382-5p reintroduction. circ_0005962 knockdown suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion circ_0005962 knockdown restrained cell proliferation, autophagy, and glycolysis but stimulated apoptosis through modulating the circ_0005962/miR-382-5p/PDK4 axis. Our study broadened the insights into understanding the mechanism of NSCLC progression.
Electrical Impedance Characterization of in Vivo Porcine Tissue Using Machine Learning

Abstract The incorporation of sensors onto the stapling platform has been investigated to overcome the disconnect in our understanding of tissue handling by surgical staplers. The goal of this study was to explore the feasibility of in vivo porcine tissue differentiation using bioimpedance data and machine learning methods. In vivo electrical impedance measurements were obtained in 7 young domestic pigs, using a logarithmic sweep of 50 points over a frequency range of 100 Hz to 1 MHz. Tissues studied included lung, liver, small bowel, colon, and stomach, which was further segmented into fundus, body, and antrum. The data was then parsed through MATLAB's classification learner to identify the best algorithm for tissue type differentiation. The most effective classification scheme was found to be cubic support vector machines with 86.96% accuracy. When fundus, body and antrum were aggregated together as stomach, the accuracy improved to 88.03%. The combination of stomach, small bowel, and colon together as GI tract improved accuracy to 99.79% using fine k nearest neighbors. The results suggest that bioimpedance data can be effectively used to differentiate tissue types in vivo. This study is one of the first that combines in vivo bioimpedance tissue data across multiple tissue types with machine learning methods.
Frequent female song in blue tits: behavioural context suggests a role in intrasexual competition

The blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) is an important avian model in evolutionary ecology (> 20,000 published scientific studies). Song, like in other songbird species, is generally described as a male trait and plays an important role in mate attraction and territory defence. Over the decades, there have been recurring reports of anecdotal female song but these have not led to any quantitative study of female song in blue tits. Our systematic sampling over three years revealed prolific female singing in a northern population of colour ringed blue tits. Daytime singing of females occurred throughout the breeding season during agonistic interactions, solo songs and alarm situations, and these contexts are similar to male song. Notably, female song was absent during the dawn chorus; the period around sunrise when males sing intensively just before mating. Female and male song overlapped substantially in acoustic structure (i.e. same song types, peak frequency or trill rates) but there were also significant differences in that females had smaller repertoires, shorter trills and lower vocal consistency. Differential selections pressures related with contextual (functional) differences in the role of male and female song could explain the observed differences in acoustic structure. The new finding of prolific female singing in such a well-studied species suggests we ought to revise our understanding of male and female vocal communication in this (and probably other) species. Identifying the selection pressures associated to the convergence versus divergence of male and female song may provide important insight in understanding birdsong evolution. Lay summary Female song has been anecdotally reported in blue tits but there are no quantitative studies of singing behaviour, song structure or context. Here, we report frequent female singing in blue tits, associated mostly with agonistic interactions and alarm situations. Importantly, female song was not observed during dawn chorus, the period around sunrise when males sing intensively just before mating. Female and male song overlapped substantially in acoustic structure (i.e. same song types) but there were also significant differences (i.e. females sang with lower vocal consistency). We speculate that differences in context (function) of male and female song could explain the observed differences in acoustic structure. The new finding of prolific female singing in such a well-studied species suggests we ought to revise our understanding of male and female vocal communication.