Biotechnical aspects of the feeding heifer full-purpose courses of different granulometric composition

Leptospirosis is an important problem in veterinary medicine in Ukraine and around the world. The risk of human disease and damage from leptospirosis to livestock make it necessary to study it. For epizootic monitoring of the spread of leptospirosis, it is expedient to use molecular methods for typing pathogenic Leptospiros. In the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University and the Institute of Veterinary Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the molecular method of genotyping of pathogenic leptospiros MLVA-VNTR was tested. The genotyping of reference strains of Leptospiros has been carried out and the genotype of the field strain isolated from the vulgar field mouse from the Ternopol region of Ukraine has been determined. The prospects of using the method for monitoring the distribution of various genotypes of leptospira in ecosystems and the potential use of the method for determining the etiological structure of leptospirosis of farm and domestic animals in Ukraine are shown. For the first time, genotyping of control strains of pathogenic leptospires from the Reference Center of Leptospirosis of the Institute of Veterinary Medicine of the NAAS in Kiev and the correspondence of the serological profiles of the strains of pathogenic leptospiros: Serogroup Canicola, Serovar Canicola Strain Hond Utrecht IV and Serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae Serovar copenhageni Strain M20 (Fiocruz L1-130) genetic profiles of MLVA. For the first time, the field isolates obtained from wild mice in Ukraine was genotyped in MLVA. Keywords: Leptospira; genotyping; MLVA; VNTR; surveillance; ecosystems References: Caimi, K. , Repetto, S. A. , Varni, V. , & Ruybal, P. (2017). Infection, Genetics and Evolution Leptospira species molecular epidemiology in the genomic era. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 54, 478-485. doi:10.1016/j.meegid. 2017.08. 013 Cherkassky, B. L. (1999). Epidemic process as a system. Journal Microbiology, 12, 32-42. Cherkassky, B. L. (2002). Epidemiological surveillance. Moscow, 208. Colombo, V. C. , Gamietea, I. , Loffler, S. G. , Brihuega, B. F. , & Beldomenico, P. M. (2018). New host species for Leptospira borgpetersenii and Leptospira Interrogans serovar Copenhageni. Veterinary Microbiology, 215, 90-92. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic. 2018.01. 007 Koizumi, N. , Muto, M. M. , Izumiya, H. , Suzuki, M. , & Ohnishi, M. (2015). Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis and clinical characterization of Leptospira interrogans canine isolates. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 64(3), 288-294. doi:10.1099/jmm.0. 000027 Li, S. J., Wang, D. M. , Zhang, C. C. , Li, X. W. , Yang, H. M. , Tian, K. C. , Wei, X. Y. , Liu, Y. , Tang, G. P., Jiang, X. G. , & Yan, J. (2013). Molecular typing of Leptospira spp. strains isolated from field mice confirms a link to human leptospirosis. Epidemiology and Infection, 141(11), 2278-2285. doi:10.1017/S0950268813000216 Marquez, A. , Djelouadji, Z. , Lattard, V. , & Kodjo, A. (2017). Overview of laboratory methods to diagnose Leptospirosis and to identify and to type leptospires. International Microbiology: The Official Journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology, 20(4), 184-193. doi:10.2436/20.1501. 01.302 Petrakovsky, J., & Antonuci, A. (2018). Leptospirosis and One Health; The Importance of Multisectoral Collaboration. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Research, 5(4), 1131. Retrieved from http://www.who. com Picardeau, M. (2017). Virulence of the zoonotic agent of leptospirosis: Still terra incognita? Nature Reviews Microbiology, 15(5), 297-307. doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017. 5 Pyskun, O. O. , Pyskun, V. A. , Ukhovskyi, V. V. , & Sytiuk, P. M. (2018). Etiological structure of leptospirosis among the wild boars and domestic pigs in the territory of Ukraine, its analysis and characteristics. Journal for Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology and Biosafety, 4(1), 5-11. Rezasoltani, S. , Khaki, P., Dabiri, H. , & Ghanbari, R. (2015). Molecular Typing of Leptospira Introgans Isolates By Multilocus Variable – Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis (Mlva) in Iran. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 5(3), 6-14. Salaun, L. , Merien, F. , Gurianova, S. , Baranton, G. , & Picardeau, M. (2006). Application of multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis for molecular typing of the agent of leptospirosis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 44(11), 3954-3962. doi:10.1128/JCM.00336-06 Schneider, M. C. , Jancloes, M. , Buss, D. F. , Aldighieri, S. , Bertherat, E. , Najera, P., & Espinal, M. A. (2013). Leptospirosis: A silent epidemic disease. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(12), 7229-7234. doi:10.3390/ijerph10127229 Schuller, S. , Francey, T. , Hartmann, K. , Hugonnard, M. , Kohn, B. , Nally, J. E. , & Sykes, J. (2015). European consensus statement on leptospirosis in dogs and cats. Journal of Small Animal Practice. doi:10.1111/jsap.12328 Ukhovskyi, V. V. , Alekseeva, G. B. , Bezimennyy, Ð. V. , & Kulykova, V. V. (2015). Analysis of the Circulation of Pathogens on Leptospirosis in Cattle in Ukraine Using Gis-Technology. Veterinary Biotechnology, 26, 250-262. Vasylieva, N. A. , & Kravchuk, Y. A. (2016). Changes in the Etiological Spectrum of Leptospirosis Pathogens Among Population in Ternopil. Infectious diseases, 1(1), 31-35. doi:10.11603/1681-2727.2016. 1.5956 Xu, Y. , Zhu, Y. , Wang, Y. , Chang, Y. F. , Zhang, Y. , Jiang, X. , & Wang, J. (2016). Whole genome sequencing revealed host adaptation-focused genomic plasticity of pathogenic Leptospira. Scientific Reports, 6, 1-11. doi:10.1038/srep20020 Zilber, A. L. , Picardeau, M. , Ayral, F. , Artois, M. , Demont, P., Kodjo, A. , & Djelouadji, Z. (2014). High-resolution typing of Leptospira interrogans strains by multispacer sequence typing. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 52(2), 564-571. doi:10.1128/JCM.02482-13 Zinsstag, J., Schelling, E. , Waltner-Toews, D. , Whittaker, M. , & Tanner, M. (2015). One Health: The theory and practice of integrated health approaches. doi:10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.