Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On schemata and L systems for parallel algorithms

— The parallel program schemata of Karp and Miller are considérée for unbounded parallelism and their main decidability result is extended to this case. The complexity of these schemata is investigated and a scheduling algorithm is presented whose sequential time complexity is polynomial. The scheduling algorithm is applied to a schema representing the Strassen-Winograd algorithm for multiplication of 2x2 matrices, where itfinds a f as ter computation than the "obvious" one. Finally it is shown in two examples — matrix multiplication and the knapsack problem — that L Systems can characterize essential features of the control and data structure of algorithms. This observation gives rise to the concept of parallel program schema over a 0 L System. By réduction to the membership problem for 0 L Systems, questions like "are certain opérations executed simultaneously? " and "can certain data conjlicts avise? " can be decided for parallel algorithms represented by this class of schemata.
Analysing the Evolution of Knowledge Graphs for the Purpose of Change Verification

Knowledge graphs (KGs) are a core component of many web-based applications. KGs store information about entities such as persons and organizations. A central challenge is to keep KGs up-to-date while the entities in the real world continuously change. While the majority of the changes are correct, the KGs still receive erroneous changes due to vandalism and carelessness. Thus, change verification is required to ensure a quality of the information stored in the KG. Since manual change verification is labor intensive, different works have dealt with automatic change verification in the past. However, these works have not shed light on the evolutionary patterns of the KGs. Since the analysis of the evolution of social networks has contributed to link prediction between persons, we assume that the evolutionary patterns of KGs can contribute to the task of change verification. In this paper, we analyze the evolution of a KG, focusing on its topological features such as degree. The analysis reveals that the evolutionary patterns are similar to those of social networks. Subsequently, we develop classifiers that judge whether each incoming change is correct or incorrect. In the classifiers, we use a set of novel features, which originate from topological features of the KG. Finally, our experiments demonstrate that the novel features improve the verification performance. The results of this paper can contribute to making the KG editing process more efficient and reliable.
Cognitive development : the learning brain

Foreword. 1. Infancy: The Physical World 1. Memory. Perception and attention. The perceptual structure of the visual world. Cognitive neuroscience and object processing in infancy. Links between measures of early learning, memory, perception, and attention and later intelligence. Summary. 2. Infancy: The Physical World 2. Perceptual structure and conceptual analyses. Reasoning and problem solving about the physical world. Learning. What babies can't do: Cognitive neuroscience and apparent gaps in physical knowledge. Summary. 3. Infancy: The Psychological World. The central role of the actions of other agents. Goal-directed action and the attribution of mental states. Actions by infants. The understanding of false belief. Insights from social cognitive neuroscience. Summary. 4. Conceptual Development and the Biological World. Superordinate, "basic-level", and subordinate categories. The role of language in conceptual development. The biological/nonbiological distinction. The representation of categorical knowledge: A historical perspective Categories and beliefs about the world: "Essences" and naive theories. Conceptual change in childhood? Summary. 5. Language Acquisition. Phonological development. Lexical development. Grammatical development. Pragmatic development. Summary. 6. The Central Role of Causal Reasoning. Reasoning about causes and effects. Reasoning on the basis of causal principles. Causal Bayes nets. The understanding of causal chains. Scientific reasoning. Multivariable causal inferences. Biases and misconceptions in causal reasoning. Summary. 7. Social Cognition, Mental Representation and Theory of Mind. The role of language and discourse in metarepresentational development. Summary. 8. The Development of Memory. Early memory development. The development of recognition memory. The development of episodic memory. The development of eye-witness memory. The development of working memory. The development of strategies for remembering. Insights from cognitive neuroscience. Summary. 9. Metacognition, Reasoning and Executive Functions. Metamemory. Metacognition and executive function. Metacognition and reasoning. Summary. 10. Reading and Mathematical Development. Reading development. Mathematical development. Summary. 11. Theories of Cognitive Development: Piaget, Vygotsky, Connectionism and the Future. Piaget's theory. Vygotsky's theory. Cognitive neuroscience: towards a new theoretical framework. References. Index
Sputum cytology of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly described form of atypical pneumonia linked to a novel coronavirus. Aims: To review the sputum cytology of 15 patients who fulfilled the World Health Organisation clinical criteria for SARS in an attempt to evaluate whether early diagnosis is feasible with routine sputum examination. Methods: All sputum samples from patients with SARS from the four major hospitals in Hong Kong were reviewed; abnormalities were sought in the cellular component, including abnormal numbers and morphology of the component cells compared with those from age matched controls taken over the same period one year ago. Results: Fifteen sputum samples from patients were compared with 25 control samples. In the patients with SARS, loose aggregates of macrophages were seen more frequently in the sputum. These macrophages frequently showed morphological changes, such as cytoplasmic foaminess, vacuole formation, and nuclear changes (including multinucleation and a ground glass appearance) when compared with the control samples. Conclusions: The cytological features of SARS are non-specific, but the observation of any of the described features should prompt further investigations, especially in patients with suspicious clinical features.
SmartVideoRanking: Video Search by Mining Emotions from Time-Synchronized Comments

Many people search for and watch videos on videosharing Web sites, where users input a query and rank videos onthe basis of metrics such as view count and rating. However, it isnot always easy to find the desired video with a conventionalsearch. One approach that enables users to more intuitivelysearch for videos they desire is to index them according toemotions. Previous studies have used several predefined emotioncategories, such as "fear" and "funny", for this purpose. However, viewers' emotions tend to be more diverse and specific. In thispaper, we dynamically detect emotions in accordance with aninput query and implement SmartVideoRanking, which enablesusers to search for videos on the basis of the detected emotions. We estimate viewer emotions from time-synchronized commentson videos and estimate the usefulness of each emotion by usingsupport vector machine regression. Experimental results showthat: (1) Spearman's rank correlation between the estimatedusefulness scores and gold standard data was 0.7547, (2) emotions associated with videos vary from one query to anotherand it is therefore meaningful to detect emotions according to aninput query, and (3) rankings based on viewer emotions enableusers to browse videos that do not appear at the top ofconventional search results. We also conduct a user study anddemonstrate SmartVideoRanking's capability to search for videos.
A Comprehensive Survey on Anomaly-Based Intrusion Detection in MANET

In recent years, mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) have become an interesting research area. This type of networks have a salient characteristics compare with wired networks which are more vulnerable. Nowadays, for the network security, defend in depth strategies are used. One of them is intrusion detection system (IDS). Many intrusion detection techniques developed for weird networks however, because the nature of MANET we cannot apply them directly in MANET. According to detection techniques, IDSs can be classified into three categories as follows: Misuse-based detection, Anomaly-based detection, and Specification-based detection. In this paper, we are going to evaluate anomaly-based intrusion detection techniques proposed for MANET. For this, we present a comprehensive survey about anomaly based intrusion detection techniques. Afterward we evaluate their performance, advantages, and disadvantages. As a result constantly, we will understand MANET’s security problems based on which we can suggest solutions for future research.
Individual Therapy Attrition Rates in a Low-Intensity Service: A Comparison of Cognitive Behavioural and Person-Centred Therapies and the Impact of Deprivation

Background: This paper looks at attrition in relation to deprivation and type of therapy – CBT or person-centred counselling. Method: Case notes of all those referred in a 4-month period (n = 497) were assessed for those who failed to opt-in; those who opted-in but failed to attend first appointment and those who attended first appointment but subsequently dropped-out. Results: Significant numbers failed to opt-in, attend first appointment or dropped out during therapy. There were no differences between CBT and PCT. Those from the most deprived areas were less likely to opt-in. Conclusions: We need to develop better approaches to attracting and maintaining contact with individuals complaining of common mental health problems.
Examining the “reading the mind in the eyes test” as an assessment of subtle differences in affective theory of mind after concussion

Abstract Objective: This research examined affective theory of mind (ToM) differences between university students with and without a history of concussion using the revised Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET). Although, previous studies have shown that affective ToM is subserved by the ventromedial prefrontal cortex – a region that is vulnerable in head injury – few have examined whether subtle deficits in affective ToM are evident after concussion. Given the RMET’s sensitivity to affective deficits following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury, the current study examined its validity following concussion and its correlation with related ToM measures and constructs, such as empathy. Method: Seventy-seven students with and without a history of self-reported concussion completed the RMET, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, a novel Perspective-Taking Task, and the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy. Indices of spelling/reading capabilities were obtained and baseline electrodermal activation was recorded as an index of arousal. Results: RMET performance did not differ between individuals with and without a prior concussion when controlling for sex and spelling/reading skills and was not correlated with other measures of affective ToM, empathy, and arousal. However, spelling/reading skills were found to be a predictor of RMET performance among both concussion and no-concussion groups. Conclusions: Together, these findings imply that the RMET is not sensitive to ToM impairments after concussion and may be related to language skills among neurotypical students.
Coagulation assays based on the Luminescent Oxygen Channeling Immunoassay technology1)

Abstract Background: The Luminescent Oxygen Channeling Immunoassay (LOCI®) technology is a well-established homogeneous assay format that allows for fast, accurate, and highly sensitive quantitation of analytes. We set out to develop and prove a novel concept to establish a LOCI format that should principally allow for the determination of the activity of coagulation factors and anticoagulants of clinical relevance. Methods: The concept is based on the linkage of LOCI nano-beads by a peptide that can be cleaved by a coagulation factor. To prove the principle, we used a peptide that can be cleaved by thrombin. Results: We were able to show that coagulation activation of plasma or whole blood samples that were combined with the LOCI components degraded the thrombin-sensitive peptide and consequently, led to a reduction of the LOCI signal. Signal reduction was proportional to the amount of active thrombin generated. The research prototype assay allowed for the detection of factor deficiencies in both the extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways, and for the quantification of hirudin, a direct thrombin inhibitor. Conclusions: Taken together, we conclude that the LOCI technology has the potential for extension to functional blood coagulation assays.
Generation of semantic cues for sports video annotation

The use of video and audio features for automated annotation of audio-visual data is becoming widespread. A major limitation of many of the current methods is that the stored indexing features are too low-level-they relate directly to properties of the data. We apply a further stage of processing that associates the feature measurements with real-world objects or events. The outputs, which we call "cues", denote the probability of the object being present in the scene. An additional advantage of this approach is that the cues from different types of features are presented in a homogeneous way.
Perspectives on the physiology and structure of inward-rectifying K+ channels in higher plants: biophysical implications for K+ uptake.

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 442 PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF PLANT Ki� CHANNELS . 443 Ki� Channels and K+ Uptake . 443 Why Do Plant Cells Take Up K+ via Ki� Channels . 448 BASIC ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF PLANT K� CHANNELS . 449 CLONING AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF Ki� CHANNEL cDNAs . 452 Yeast Expression: A Powerful System to Study Transporters. 452 Structural Features of Ki� Channel Genes . 453 Ki� CHANNEL SELECTIVITY AND BLOCK . 455 Putative Structural Domains for Ki� Channel Block and Ion Selectivity . 455 Possible Interactions of Na+ with K+ -Uptake and Cation Transporters . 457 Aluminum Toxicity and Block of Ki;; Channels 458 VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT Ki� CHANNEL ACTIVATION . 459 Outward-Rectifying K+ Channels . 461 CYTOSOLIC MODULATION OF K;� CHANNELS 461 PERSPECTIVES . 464
CCA-Secure Revocable Identity-Based Encryption With Ciphertext Evolution in the Cloud

Identity-based encryption (IBE) is a very attractive cryptographic primitive due to its unnecessity of any certificate managements. Nevertheless, the user revocation problem in IBE remains an elusive research problem and hence, it is an important research topic. One possible approach in achieving revocations is to update user’s decryption keys. However, to avoid the need of secret channels, public time keys need to be issued to allow this update to occur. It is unfortunate that this method often suffers from two problems: 1) the user has to maintain linearly growing decryption keys; and 2) the revoked users can still access ciphertexts prior to revocation. At the first glance, proxy re-encryption technique may provide a solution to this problem, but the ciphertexts will become longer after each re-encryption, which makes it impractical. In this paper, we present a revocable identity-based encryption scheme with cloud-aided ciphertext evolution. Our construction solves the two aforementioned problems via ciphertext evolution implemented by the cloud. In addition, the size of ciphertexts in the cloud remains constant size regardless of evolutions. The scheme is provably secure against chosen ciphertext attacks based on the BDH problem. The comparisons with the existing related works show that our scheme enjoys better efficiency, and thus it is practical for the data sharing in cloud storage.
Improved Quality of Service for Video, Data and Voice Integrated Wireless Cellular Networks through the Queue Dynamic Channel Reservation Scheme

Most cellular wireless networks are voice, data, and video integrated which now introduces the challenge on providing channel allocation techniques to ensure adequate performance for all services. Furthermore, with the increasing demand for these mobile multimedia services, cellular networks have adopted micro architectures to provide the higher capacity needed to support the broadband high speed of these services under the limited radio spectrum. This consequently has increased the undesirable interruption of ongoing calls as the mobile terminal moves from one cell to another. Handoff calls, as they are called, need to perform well and introducing a scheme that gives priority to handoff calls over new calls is necessary. This paper proposes a scheme that guarantees the Quality of Service (QoS) of handoff calls and new calls. The proposed design, based on the combining features of the existing Dynamic Channel Reservation Scheme (DCRS) and the Handoff Queuing Scheme (HQS), ensures both a low dropping probability of handoff calls and a low blocking probability of new calls with an improved channel utilization without system overload. It would be shown that through the analytical results of the proposed design, namely the Queue Dynamic Channel Reservation Scheme (QDCRS),
Vers des ressources électroniques interconnectées : Lexica, les dictionnaires de la collection Pangloss

La presente communication expose l’etat d’avancement de realisation de dictionnaires en ligne, etape dans l’entreprise de long terme qui consiste a tirer parti des nouvelles technologies pour relier entre elles les realisations des linguistes dits "de terrain": grammaires, dictionnaires, et recueils de textes. Demain, dictionnaires et grammaires pourront non seulement etre interconnectes, mais aussi lies aux textes qui forment le cœur des donnees linguistiques, ainsi qu’aux enregistrements audio et video de parole spontanee. Plus que de fixer une langue au moyen de l’imprime, il s’agit desormais de l’offrir a des modes nouveaux de navigation, en exploitant tout le potentiel de corpus en ligne, y compris par des traitements statistiques.
DETECTING SPECIES BORDERS USING DIVERSE DATA SETS Examples from Plethodontid Salamanders in California

Debates continue about the appropriate species-level taxonomy to use for plethodontid salamanders. Typically the debates center on what taxonomy is appropriate when geographically contiguous taxa meet and do not become sympatric (e.g., Highton, 1998; Petranka, 1998; Wake and Schneider, 1998), but also at issue is the status of allopatric populations. Differences of opinion are not new to the field of systematics, especially when knowledge is incomplete. What is new, and perhaps surprising, is that these disagreements persist despite the substantial data bases (morphology, allozymes, mtDNA sequences) now available. Debates over species concepts mask a more general, fundamental agreement that what we call species are ephemeral fragments of a grand evolutionary continuum that constitute a phylogenetic lineage (de Queiroz, 1998). For some workers, the central task is the discovery of clusters of genetically similar populations and the determination of whether such clusters have achieved a particular level of differentiation (e.g., Highton, 2000). The degree to which units hybridize or intergrade with others on their border is a secondary concern. By contrast, other systematists take the position that what is critical is determining when lineages @e. , ancestral species) have differentiated to the point that they have fallen inexorably apart, thus giving rise to new species (Wake and Schneider, 1998). These workers have adopted Ghiselin's (1997) perspective that
The local dark matter density

I review current efforts to measure the mean density of dark matter near the Sun. This encodes valuable dynamical information about our Galaxy and is also of great importance for ? direct detection? dark matter experiments. I discuss theoretical expectations in our current cosmology; the theory behind mass modelling of the Galaxy; and I show how combining local and global measures probes the shape of the Milky Way dark matter halo and the possible presence of a ? dark disc? I stress the strengths and weaknesses of different methodologies and highlight the continuing need for detailed tests on mock data? particularly in the light of recently discovered evidence for disequilibria in the Milky Way disc. I collate the latest measurements of ? dm and show that, once the baryonic surface density contribution ? b is normalized across different groups, there is remarkably good agreement. Compiling data from the literature, I estimate ? b = 54.2 ? 4.9? M? pc? 2, where the dominant source of uncertainty is in the H? i gas contribution. Assuming this contribution from the baryons, I highlight several recent measurements of ? dm in order of increasing data complexity and prior, and, correspondingly, decreasing formal error bars. Comparing these measurements with spherical extrapolations from the Milky Way? s rotation curve, I show that the Milky Way is consistent with having a spherical dark matter halo at R0 ? 8 kpc. The very latest measures of ? dm based on ? 10? 000 stars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey appear to favour little halo flattening at R0, suggesting that the Galaxy has a rather weak dark matter disc, with a correspondingly quiescent merger history. I caution, however, that this result hinges on there being no large systematics that remain to be uncovered in the SDSS data, and on the local baryonic surface density being ? b ? 55? M? pc? 2. I conclude by discussing how the new Gaia satellite will be transformative. We will obtain much tighter constraints on both ? b and ? dm by having accurate 6D phase space data for millions of stars near the Sun. These data will drive us towards fully three dimensional models of our Galactic potential, moving us into the realm of precision measurements of? dm.