Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monolithically integrated algan/gan/ aln-based solar-blind ultraviolet and near-infrared detectors

Closely spaced, monolithically integrated photodetectors in two largely different wavelengths ranges are demonstrated. The device structure was grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy on an AlNon-sapphire template, and it consists of a Si-doped AlGaN thin film, and a nearly strain compensated 40 period AlN/GaN superlattice with 1.0 nm-thick GaN quantum wells and 2.0 nm-thick AlN barriers. The entire structure is covered with an AlGaN cap. The superlattice constitutes the active region for the infrared detector, while the AlGaN buffer layer serves as active area for the ultraviolet detector. The photoconductive ultraviolet detector has a long wavelength cutoff at 250 nm, whereas the photovoltaic near-infrared detector has a centre wavelength of 1.37 mm. Multispectral cameras operating in entirely different wavelength ranges such as ultraviolet (UV), visible, or even the infrared (IR) are attracting increasing interest for applications in surveillance, failure analysis, and meteorology [1]. Up to now, such multispectral imaging systems have been fabricated by overlaying visible and UV pictures coming from two different image sensor arrays. Although this solution has the advantage of offering optimised performances for both wavelength ranges, it requires use of several bulky and rather expensive optical components. In addition, such a system is relatively sensitive for shocks or vibrations, and therefore not totally reliable for in-the-field applications. Systems being up to this challenge are therefore very expensive. A monolithic integration of two or even three operation wavelengths into a single camera chip could thus offer several advantages over existing solutions, notably in terms of price, robustness, and flexibility. Unfortunately, there are not many semiconductor materials which would allow a monolithic integration of all three wavelength ranges mentioned above. In addition, most semiconductors having sufficiently dissimilar bandgap energies suffer from large lattice mismatches, even within the same family [2]. For this reason, a different solution involving not only interband, but also intersubband transitions, must be pursued. One possible way which is presented in this Letter is the integration of a photoconductive UV interband detector based on an AlGaN thin film [3] and a photovoltaic near-IR intersubband detector based on an AlN/GaN superlattice [4– 6]. In a first demonstration, we show a UV/IR detector pair with only 350 mm separation between the UV and IR device. Both detectors exhibit spectrally narrow responsivity curves, which enlarges the UV-tovisible rejection ratio in the case of the UV device, and which improves the noise behaviour in the case of the IR detector.
Wide-field swept source optical coherence tomography evaluation of posterior segment changes in highly myopic eyes

Background To investigate the features in the posterior pole of highly myopic (HM) eyes using a wide-field high-resolution swept source optical coherence tomography (SS OCT). Methods This observational cross-sectional study involved 262 eyes of 139 patients, who were diagnosed as HM and had consecutively been examined by SS OCT in the Ophthalmology Department of the Peking Union Medical College Hospital between March 2019 and December 2019. The characteristics of OCT images were documented and analyzed. Results In our study, SS OCT could demonstrate the entire layer of the choroid and detect the sclera in all eyes. The mean subfoveal retinal/choroidal/scleral thickness were 204.84 ± 119.86 μm, 92.80 ± 75.78 μm and 394.734 ± 123.09 μm, respectively. 138 eyes (52.67%) had posterior precortical vitreous pocket. Myopic foveoschisis was detected in 110 eyes (41.98%), and significantly associated with the presence of posterior staphyloma. 36 eyes (13.74%) had DSM in our study, of which 8 eyes (22.22%) showed a round dome, 16 (44.44%) were horizontal oval-shaped, 9 (25%) were vertical oval-shaped and 3 (8.34%) were oblique oval-shaped. Both SFCT and SFST were inversely and significantly associated with age and refractive errors. Macular neovascularization was significantly correlated with intrascleral vessels. Different deformation of the sclera and posterior staphyloma were vividly identified on SS OCT images. Conclusions This study provided a relatively comprehensive picture of posterior pole in HM eyes. Such good visualization of ocular fundus provided by wide-field SS OCT could be useful for the therapy option, disease condition monitoring and pathogenesis investigation.
Pain Perception Associated with Mini-Implants and Interventions for Pain Management: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire-Based Survey

Background Orthodontists use mini-implants temporarily as an effective mode of skeletal anchorage devices. The placement of mini-implants can cause pain and discomfort to the patients. Patients often develop swelling, and the pain could interfere with their daily activities. Practitioners tend to prescribe antibiotics and pain medication for management. Objectives The main objectives of this study are to evaluate the pain perception and discomfort due to mini-implant placement experienced by the patient and evaluate the interventions for pain management commonly practiced among orthodontists. Materials and Methods The study was designed as a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. A total of 271 patients were assessed, for whom 625 mini-implants (ranging from 1.2 to 2 mm diameter and length 8-14 mm) were placed. Pain scores were assessed using the VAS and the “Faces” pain rating scale to collect data about discomfort in daily activity and function. Data was collected from 244 patients. A total of 155 orthodontists were questioned regarding the prescription of medications and the interventions for managing pain and adverse effects. Results Average pain score among female subjects was 16.71 and among men was 13.5. The highest pain scores were recorded for palatal mini-implants with an average score of 36.29 and the least for interradicular mini-implants with an average score of 9.02. Among the subjects, 47.9% of them took analgesics, and the most commonly prescribed analgesics were paracetamol (39%). Swelling at the site is where the mini-implants were placed, and ulceration due to implants were commonly dealt with the excision of the surrounding soft tissue, composite placement, and palliative care with oral analgesic gels. Conclusion Female subjects had more mini-implants placed, and female subjects had also given more pain scores than their male counterparts. Palatal mini-implants caused the highest pain, followed by mini-implants placed at the infrazygomatic crest and the buccal shelf region. Palatal mini-implants caused maximum discomfort during speech and eating, followed by the mini-implant in the buccal shelf and the infrazygomatic crest region that also caused difficulty in yawning and laughing. Infiltration anesthesia was commonly given for the placement of interradicular implants and extra-alveolar mini-implants. Paracetamol was the most prescribed by the orthodontists, and more than half the doctors did not regularly prescribe antibiotics.
Updated Design and Development Route for CH HCCB TBM and its Mockup

Chinese helium-cooled ceramics breeder test blanket module (CH HCCB TBM) is determined to be tested in ITER machine to get data for fusion reactor design and development in future. Chinese TBM is designed to occupy half of port C with 484mm in torroidal and 1660mm in poloidal. Radial length is 675mm. TBM is composed of box, 12 submodules and independent backplate. Box formed by first wall, grids and caps have 12 caivities to hold submodules. Box and submodules are supported by backplate by welding. Backplate distribute helium with flow rate 1.36kg/s to cool first wall and then part of it go out of TBM by bypass. The rest 0.77kg/s go on to cool caps and girds first and then cool submodules. Submodules with dimensions 250mm×202mm×318mm have independent cooling and purging systems connected to backplate manifold systems. In a submodule, two U-shaped structures hold breeding material Li4SiO4 pebbles. Out of the structure filled beryllium pebbles. Neutronics results show that tritium production is ∼64mg/FPD. Maximum temperature 538°C of structure material occurs in the front of first wall with surface heat flux 0.5MW/m2. Maximum total stress at first wall is 471MPa at 394°C; that in submodules is 426MPa at 400°C; that in backplate is 526MPa at 410°C, In order to explore development technologies for the TBM, a mockup with dimensions 484mm (torroidal)×592mm (poloidal)×675mm (radial) has been designed. The mockup with similar structure ignores bypass and purge gas systems. In the mockup, there’s only one submodule and the other three are replaced by submodule replacements. By discussions and investigations, development route has been decided and the mockup is being fabricated.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
CMOS RF ICs for 900 MHz-2.4 GHz band wireless communication networks

The present paper concerns with the design consideration and performance results for a series of CMOS RF ICs for 900 MHz-2.4 GHz wireless access front-end application. Developed ICs include an antenna switch, RF amplifier, down- and up-mixers, IF amplifier, driver amplifier, as well as transceiver chips incorporating these ICs using a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS process. These ICs operate with a supply voltage higher than 4 V and a current of 2-4 mA per transistor. Without utilizing any off-chip matching, a transceiver chip possesses down- and up-conversion gains higher than 40 dB, 32 dB, and 25 dB, at 900 MHz, 1.9 GHz, and 2.4 GHz, respectively, representing applicability of CMOS technology for the 900 MHz-2.4 GHz frequency band.
New Vegetable Brassica Foods: A Promising Source of Bioactive Compounds

Brassica rapa is grown in northwestern Spain to obtain turnip greens. The tops of the same plants (flower stems with buds) are cut and sell as turnip tops, increasing the value of the crop. This practice could be extended to other brassicas. The objectives of this work are to study the phytochemical potential of tops of coles (Brassica oleracea) and leaf rape (Brassica napus) compared to turnip tops and to compare tops of different coles (cabbage, kale, tronchuda cabbage), which differ in their morphology and use. We evaluated the content of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity in leaves and tops of the three species. We found that tops had higher amount of glucosinolates than leaves. Phenolic content and antioxidant capacity followed the opposite trend. Therefore, consumption of leaves and tops are complementary, since both type of organs are enriched with different types of compound. Local varieties of kale, curly kale, cabbage and curly leave cabbage are interesting because of their GSLs and phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in both leaves and tops. From the human health perspective, tops of coles and leaf rape are interesting as new crops to include in the diet.
The nature of the operator's response in manual control, and its implications for controller design

This paper gives a brief account of a series of measurements of the movement of the controller handle and of the error of aim under conditions simulating the laying of a gun on a moving target by manually-controlled power operation.The results are analysed with the object of obtaining the “ operator's response, ” i.e. the relationship between the movement made by the operator's hand and the error and its variations as seen by the eye.It is found that the response relationship is non-linear, but the relationship may to a useful extent be approximated by a “ nearest linear law, ” namely that the speed of handle movement is dependent upon both the error and the rate of change of error, subject to a time delay which corresponds to that known to be involved in nerve transmission. The actual movement is found to differ from this relationship, both in being intermittent or jerky and also in being subject to apparently haphazard variations.A project for further investigation is outlined by which the difficulties in more detailed analysis may be overcome.On the basis of the results so far obtained it is shown that an explanation is provided for some of the outstanding phenomena observed in the laying of guns and in other cases of manual control of power-driven apparatus, and it is shown that there is an upper limit to the accuracy of control obtainable.Finally, the paper shows how the error incurred in tracking a target is fundamentally related to and depends upon the time delay which occurs between the stimulus received by the eye and the resulting muscular response, and gives comparative values for the theoretical limit of accuracy obtainable with controllers having various types of response characteristics, as a function of this delay time, for an otherwise ideal operation.The lines along which an improvement of performance may be sought are discussed in the light of these limits and the other phenomena observed.
Analysis of cage induction motors - A combined fields and circuits approach

The paper develops the general idea of using a combination of field and circuit analysis to solve the class of eddy-current problems in which the current flow paths are well-defined. The method described is particularly suitable for electromagnetic devices which are excited from voltage sources and which may have external impedances connected in their circuits. The method is illustrated with reference to the analysis of a single-phase cage induction motor.
A review on carbon nanomaterials for K‐ion battery anode: Progress and perspectives

Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) are being used extensively in a wide range of applications owing to the facile preparation technology as well as a high energy density, which exceeds those of other commercial batteries. However, LIBs alone cannot satisfy the burgeoning energy demand due to Li‐resource constraints. Recently, K‐ion batteries (KIBs) have garnered the interest of the scientific community as promising alternatives for LIBs due to the abundance of K resources, the affordability of K, and its superior electrochemical properties. However, the development of KIBs is hindered by the slow development of appropriate anode materials that can accommodate the repeated intercalation/deintercalation of large K ions without sustaining significant structural damage. Thus, the development of appropriate anode materials is crucial for the realization of practically viable KIBs. Carbon nanomaterials are promising anode materials due to their remarkable potassiation/depotassiation ability, structural stability, and structural evolution from zero to three dimensions. It is anticipated that an evaluation of the recent advances in carbon and their composites anode materials for KIBs can facilitate the development of practically viable KIBs. This review comprehensively discusses recent developments in carbonaceous and their composites as anode materials for KIBs and provides a prospective for the next research step.
Compact modeling of thermal resistance in bipolar transistors on bulk and SOI substrates

Analytical expressions for the thermal resistance of bipolar transistors on bulk and SOI substrates are presented. The models are derived on the basis of intuitive physical pictures and validated by comparison with experimental data and three-dimensional (3D) device simulation. The effect of bulk and SOI substrates, shallow- and deep-trench isolation, and multiple emitter fingers is accounted for. All models are suitable for both hand calculations and computer-aided design.
Fault Diagnosis of Power Transformer Based on Adaptive Differential Evolution and Least Square Support Vector Machine

Least square support vector machine (LS-SVM) can solve small sample, high-dimensional and non-linear multi-classification problem well, so it is applicable to the power transformer fault diagnosis. However, the parameters of LS-SVM have significant effect on the classification results.In this paper, the adaptive differential evolution algorithm (ADE) is applied to optimize the parameters of LS-SVM. The scaling factor and crossover rate are adjusted dynamically in the whole evolution process, so the robustness of the algorithm is improved greatly. The optimized LS-SVM is applied to fault diagnosis of power transformer, the results obtained demonstrate superiority of the proposed approach.
On the Dynamic Stability and Agility of Aggressive Vehicle Maneuvers: A Pendulum-Turn Maneuver Example

We present a dynamic stability and agility study of a pendulum-turn aggressive vehicle maneuver. Instead of optimizing the controlled inputs to mimic the human performance profile during a pendulum-turn agile maneuver, we focus on studying the stability regions and agility performance of the vehicle motion using professional racing car driver testing data. A hybrid physical/dynamic tire/road friction model is used to capture the dynamic friction force characteristics in analysis and simulation and to compare with testing data. We also introduce the use of vehicle lateral jerk information as the agility metric to compare vehicle maneuvering performance. The analysis and testing results show that during the pendulum-turn maneuvers, the professional driver operates the vehicle outside the stable regions of the vehicle dynamics to achieve superior agility performance than that under a typical human driver model. Comparison results with a typical human driver model also show that the racing car driver outperforms in both the traveling time and the newly defined agility metric. Designing a control strategy for autonomous pendulum-turn-like safe vehicle agile maneuvers is ongoing work.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Participatory technology development for agroforestry extension: an innovation-decision approach

In order to facilitate Participatory Technology Development (PTD) in African agriculture, extensionists and scientists must collaborate with local innovators to optimise (where necessary) and disseminate their innovations. This literature review proposes a conceptual model for PTD in which technology is developed in the context of an adoption cycle. Building on an innovation-decision approach, the characteristics of innovations that achieve widespread uptake are identified. The link between these characteristics and livelihood constraints and strategies, capital assets and the role of communication is emphasised. Although the agroforestry innovation-decision process occurs in the absence of external intervention, by understanding the characteristics of adoptable innovations in the context of adoption behaviour, it may be possible to identify new roles for extensionists and scientists. They may be able to facilitate PTD through the identification of innovators and their innovations, optimise and adapt innovations with reference to the proposed model, and disseminate innovations to other smallholders who may benefit from them.
High‐efficiency algorithms for simulating metal failure effects under multiaxial repeated loadings

High‐efficiency algorithms are proposed for numerically integrating elasto‐plastic rate equations for the purpose of simulating metal failure effects under repeated loading conditions. Results are obtained with a newly established elasto‐plasticity model which can automatically simulate both low and high cycle fatigue failure effects, with reference to neither damage‐like variables nor ad hoc failure criteria. Novelties are incorporated in a few respects. First, multiaxial loading processes with arbitrarily changing principal stresses and axes can be treated in a broad sense beyond usually treated proportional loading cases. Second, by means of the commonly used J2 ‐invariant of the deviatoric stress, multiaxial loading cases can be directly treated just as in the uniaxial loading case. Third, high cost in time consumption can be considerably reduced in evaluating both low and high cycle failure effects. Numerical examples are presented for simulating uniaxial and multiaxial fatigue failure effects and simulation results are in good agreement with experimental data. Results show that the computation speed with the new algorithms exceeds 600 times faster than usual integration algorithms.
Physical Exercise and Mental Health: The Routes of a Reciprocal Relation

Sport participation and exercise practice are considered to be beneficial for mental status, yielding an improved mood and better quality of life. On the other hand, good mental fitness is thought to lead to better physical status and sport performance. The key aim of this narrative review is to provide an unstructured overview on the topic with special considerations on the role of mental and physical health to summarize the evidence on their reciprocal influence. While very few papers describe the role of mental health measures in affecting physical performance, more evidence is available concerning the effect of exercise and sport in improving mental health outcomes. Furthermore, there is a consistent role of depressive and anxiety symptoms in influencing the risk of sport injury in either recreational or elite athletes. Moreover, the importance of investigating mental health issues in elite and retired athletes is highlighted. On the basis of the available literature, several biases were found to affect the provided evidence mainly because of the complexity of a proper study design in this field.
Auralization of Impulse Responses Modeled on the Basis of Ray-Tracing Results

It is shown how the information contained in an energy histogram obtained by ray tracing can be converted into an equivalent impulse response which, after binaural processing, is ready for auralization sufficient for the auralization process. Furthermore the steps are discussed which are needed to transform this information into a binaural impulse response ready for a convolution with music signals
Performance analysis of VoIP over BGP-MPLS VPN technology

This paper investigates the performance of VoIP over a BGP/MPLS VPN network from two different aspects. The first aspect investigates the impact on VoIP performance of the VPN tunneling process. This is based on a comparison of VoIP performance over a BGP/MPLS VPN network with its performance over an MPLS network, with particular regard to different QoS parameters, principally delay, jitter and throughput. The second aspect is a study of the most common VoIP codecs, namely, G.711, G.723. 1 and G.729A over the BGP/MPLS VPN network. This is based on investigating different implementations of such codecs with respect to the packetization interval time in order to identify the optimal codec that efficiently balances between acceptable end-to-end delay and high bandwidth efficiency.The OPNET Modeler was used to create a VoIP-BGP/MPLS VPN simulation model for carrying out different scenarios. The results show that the BGP/MPLS VPN network has a positive impact on VoIP performance in comparison with its performance over an MPLS network. It also concludes that, following different implementations of the VoIP codecs, G.729A is the best codec for the VoIP-BGP/MPLS VPN network as it efficiently balances between bandwidth efficiencyand low end-to-end delay.
Improving the stability of cryogenic current comparator setups

We have realized an improved resistance calibration setup based on a cryogenic current comparator (CCC). The comparator, with 18 windings and 4647 turns in total, is well-suited for all the necessary comparisons with a 100 Ω standard resistor with the quantum Hall effect and inside the range of standard resistance values from 1 Ω to 1 MΩ. The new state-of-the-art setup is equipped with a low-noise dc SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) and a digital double current source. Proper damping of the CCC resonance, careful electronics design (‘box-in-box’) and application of internal wideband feedback to the SQUID sensor improve the dynamic stability considerably and lower the overall measurement time as compared against our previous setup.