Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Independent Dual-Gate Operation on Reliability of Nanosheet Junctionless Thin-Film Transistor

In this work, impacts of the independent dual-gate (IDG) operation on performance and reliability of the polycrystalline-silicon (poly-Si) junctionless thin-film transistor (JL-TFT) with a nanosheet channel (~4 nm) are investigated. Compared to the single-gate (SG) operation, the JL-TFT with tied dual gate (DG) operation times maximum transconductance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${G}_{m\_{}{\text {max}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) improvement and 3.3 times driving current enhancement. The tied DG operation also exhibits better gate bias stress immunity than the SG operation although the tied DG stress causes more serious damages to the JL-TFT than the SG stress. As for the independent back gate (BG) voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {BG}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) operation mode, the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {BG}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> can provide a wide threshold voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {TH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) tuning range ~2 V when the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {BG}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is modulated from 0 to −4 V. The negative <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {BG}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> bias stress would induce electron injection from the BG, resulting in positive <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {TH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> shift. Because the positive top gate voltage stress exhibits more serious electrical degradation than the negative <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {BG}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> stress, using <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {BG}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to modulate the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {TH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the JL-TFT will cause a slightly more serious reliability issue. The results show the feasibility of using independent <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {BG}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to adjust the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {TH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the JL-TFTs to meet the multiple-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {TH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> requirement of advanced integrated circuits.
Usability/Sentiment for the Enterprise and ENTERPRISE

The purpose of the Sentiment of Search Study for NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) is to gain insight into the intranet search environment. With an initial usability survey, the authors were able to determine a usability score based on the Systems Usability Scale (SUS). Created in 1986, the freely available, well cited, SUS is commonly used to determine user perceptions of a system (in this case the intranet search environment). As with any improvement initiative, one must first examine and document the current reality of the situation. In this scenario, a method was needed to determine the usability of a search interface in addition to the user's perception on how well the search system was providing results. The use of the SUS provided a mechanism to quickly ascertain information in both areas, by adding one additional open-ended question at the end. The first ten questions allowed us to examine the usability of the system, while the last questions informed us on how the users rated the performance of the search results. The final analysis provides us with a better understanding of the current situation and areas to focus on for improvement. The power of search applications to enhance knowledge transfer is indisputable. The performance impact for any user unable to find needed information undermines project lifecycle, resource and scheduling requirements. Ever-increasing complexity of content and the user interface make usability considerations for the intranet, especially for search, a necessity instead of a 'nice-to-have'. Despite these arguments, intranet usability is largely disregarded due to lack of attention beyond the functionality of the infrastructure (White, 2013). The data collected from users of the JSC search system revealed their overall sentiment by means of the widely-known System Usability Scale. Results of the scores suggest 75%, +/-0.04, of the population rank the search system below average. In terms of a grading scaled, this equated to D or lower. It is obvious JSC users are not satisfied with the current situation, however they are eager to provide information and assistance in improving the search system. A majority of the respondents provided feedback on the issues most troubling them. This information will be used to enrich the next phase, root cause analysis and solution creation.
Predicting Truck Crash Involvement: Developing a Commercial Driver Behavior-Based Model and Recommended Countermeasures

With safety as a top priority, the trucking industry has worked to identify ways to reduce crashes. As a part of this ongoing safety commitment, the Research Advisory Committee of the American Transportation Research Institute (ATRI) identified the development of an analytical tool for determining the future likelihood of truck crashes as a top research priority. To pursue this research, ATRI engaged as research partners the North Dakota State University Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute (UGPTI) and the Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance. Several available driver-specific data sets were used by the ATRI research team to design and test an overall truck driver performance-based model for predicting future crash involvement based on prior driving history. The model includes specific violations discovered during roadside inspections, driver traffic conviction information and past crash involvement. An important secondary component of the research identifies effective enforcement actions to counteract the identified problem behaviors/events. The analysis determined a range of statistically significant driving behaviors and events - including violations, convictions, and past crashes - with associated future crash likelihood increases ranging from 18 to 325 percent. Individual behaviors and events are statistically analyzed independently to allow for improved targeting by behavior. For instance, drivers who had a previous crash were 87% more likely to have a future crash. To relate the model outputs to safety improvements in the field, the ATRI research team developed an analytical approach for identifying effective enforcement countermeasures. The process identified statistically "safer" states using weighted enforcement and safety criteria, and then documented the safe state's enforcement strategies by behavior/event. Some of the successful enforcement strategies for addressing problem driver behaviors are those that exhibit one or more of the following components: creating aggressive driving apprehension programs/initiatives; focusing on both commercial motor vehicle (CMV) and non-CMV driver behavior patterns; mixing highly visible and covert enforcement activities; and using performance-based internal monitoring programs to target and manage enforcement. Lastly, the ATRI research team solicited insights and program information from motor carriers on appropriate strategies for dealing with the different behaviors and events.
Destruction Threshold Parameters Estimation for Ultrasonic Contrast Agents

Abstract Ultrasonic contrast agents (UCAs) have been used to enhance the acoustic backscattered intensity of blood and thereby assist the assessment of blood perfusion. A unique characteristic of UCAs is that they can be fragmented after suitable acoustic excitation. Characterization of contrast agent destruction provides important information for the design of UCAs destruction/replenishment perfusion imaging. In this paper, we proposed an acoustic measurement procedure to obtain relevant threshold parameters including transmission acoustic pressures, pulse lengths and pulse frequencies for bubble destruction. The procedure not only provides a simple and convenient method to determine the bubble destruction threshold, but observes the destruction phenomenon of a group of microbubbles. The condition is more close to clinical usage of UCAs. Two agents with lipid- and polymer-shelled UCAs are introduced in this study. The results show that lipid-shell UCAs can be destroyed in response to a five-cycle pulse at a pressure approaching 0.6 MPa. The polymer-shelled UCAs are hard to be destroyed due to not significant oscillation in response to ultrasound pulse. Potential applications of this technique include UCAs high resolution destruction/replenishment imaging model, drug delivery and gene therapy.
Patterns of Water Quality in Rural Areas of Assyut Governorate, Egypt

In 1990-1991 an action-research programme in the field of rural water supply and sanitation was implemented with the objective “To assess to what extent childhood diarrhoea is reduced by the delivery of hardware facilities which improve water quality, water availability and excreta disposal, and also including an intensive educational package directed toward improving behaviours concerning water use and personal and domestic hygiene”. The intervention in Assyut Governorate comprising the construction of handpumps and latrines and a health education programme, was implemented during the second half of 1990. The data collection and data evaluation have been carried out during the period 1990-1991. Data were collected from the villages served with a complete intervention package as well as in control villages. This paper deals mainly with the water quality issues which were part of the research programme. A comparison is presented for the water quality from both traditional and new handpumps. This comparison is supported by data collection throughout the research period within certain intervals, and by data collected from other handpumps installed at earlier times in areas within Upper Egypt. Findings concerning the actual drinking water quality, and the quality control of intervention and monitoring procedures are also discussed. Major conclusions drawn from the results of the monitoring programme are: –The design, the drilling method and a proper development of handpump wells play an important role in the quality control of its water. –The bacteriological water quality improves only gradually after construction and eventually reaches acceptable levels. However, deep groundwater is thought to be of bacteriologically excellent quality. The most probable explanation for this gradual improvement is therefore the relatively long survival times of bacteria that entered the wells during construction. –Although it is not the intention of this paper to discuss the behavioural changes in the village communities during the research period, it was observed that, while water quality from handpumps is improving with time, the water quality from in-house zirs (storage reservoirs for drinking water) remained poor.
Designing and building to minimize construction waste

Lean Construction strives for reliable workflow on the construction site by using work-structuring and the Last Planner System. In the construction industry, many factors contribute to unreliable workflow such as late delivery of material and equipment, blue-print errors, change orders, equipment breakdowns, tool malfunctions, improper resources utilization, labor strikes, and environmental (weather) effects. Another important source of variability, which is often overlooked is construction waste, as in by-products of the construction process. This source of reliable workflow impedance create cluttered, congested, and dangerous work conditions. In Lean Construction, 5s or 6s is deployed in order to mitigate the effects of construction waste. Another tact to use, which follows from the continuous process improvement spirit that underlies lean, is to minimize and ideally eliminate this waste. If dealt with appropriately, there can be many benefits, including lower overall cost, faster production, a higher quality, and more sustainable buildings. The purpose of this investigation is to ascertain key sources of construction waste, and whether generation varies with the type and size of the constructions. A sample of 30 general contractors was studied, and several null hypotheses on waste generation and minimization differences were tested using the Kruskal-Wallis H test. Although subtle shifts were observed in the aspects of waste behavior that seemed predicated on construction sectors and capital base, to some extent the proposition that construction type and size can influence waste generation and minimization was validated. Based on this study, some solutions are provided as viable avenues to managing and minimizing construction waste.
NON-HOLONOMIC ROBOT FORMATIONS WITH OBSTACLE COMPLIANT GEOMETRY

Abstract This paper presents a method of controlling a formation of holonomic or non-holonomic vehicles with a given geometry, compliant with nearby obstacles (including those represented by each robot's teammates). The vehicles are virtually linked to each other by the influence of artificial potentials that asymptotically stabilize the formation and keep all the robots separated by specified distances. A leader selected from the team, or a virtual reference point, is used to guide the team of autonomous vehicles throughout an area scattered with obstacles. Each vehicle has access to the positions of all its teammates, and senses the obstacles within a limited range of its neighborhood. All robots will try to maintain the specified distance to the leader by using attractive potentials, while avoiding collisions among themselves and obstacles, by using repulsive potentials. To avoid falling in local minima of the potential fields, the vehicles will recall the n latest positions of the leader and use this information to move around the obstacle and keep the formation.
Radar Imaging with a Network of Digital Noise Radar Systems

Abstract : Due to the threat of terrorism, today's enemy can be anyone and they can exist anywhere even in populated cities. Monitoring human activities in an urban environment is a difficult problem due walls, clutter, and other obstructions. This thesis discusses the development of a network of digital noise radars that operate simultaneously to track humans and non-human targets inside rooms and through walls. Each individual noise radar works by cross correlating the received signal with a time delayed replica of the transmit signal. A high correlation indicates the range of the target. This design of noise radar makes use of digitization by converting the analog transmit and receive signals to digital signals. With the signals in digital form, the cross correlation and time delay process can be accomplished in software. The development of a network of three digital noise radars enabled triangulation of the (x, y) position of a target within a room. The results show that the network of radars was capable of locating stationary human and non-human targets through walls as well as tracking a human within a room.
The role of driver distraction in traffic crashes

Distraction is one form of inattention and it is a factor in over half of the crashes that involve some form of driver inattention. (The National Highway Traffic Safety administration estimates that at least 25% of police-reported crashes involve some form of driver inattention). The goal of this research is to identify the major sources of distraction to drivers and the relative importance of the distractions as potential causes of crashes. This report discusses the results of Phase I of the project. For this analyses, two variables were defined -- one identifying the attention status of the driver (attentive, distracted, looked but did not see, sleepy/asleep, or unknown). The second variable identified the specific distracting event for those drivers identified as distracted.
Ambiente de Desenvolvimento para Aplicac ¸ ˜ oes de Controle em Processadores de Pequeno Porte

Computing systems can be used to control a large variety of equipa- ments. Many of these systems are considered embedded systems. The main design tool of a control engineer is the functional block diagram that contains the controller mathematical models. The goal of this work is to retain the char- acteristics of block diagram design, but also to allow its utilization in a multitask environment, while executing on low cost DSPs. A multitask model is defined, an appropriate microkernel is designed to support it, and a visual tool is developed to integrate all.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF LINEAR AND NONLINEARFILTERS FOR THE FDI OF AIRCRAFT MODEL SENSORS

Increasing demands on reliability for safety critical systems such as aircraft or spacecraft require robust control and fault diagnosis capabilities as these systems are potentially subjected to unexpected anomalies and faults in actuators, input-output sensors, components, or subsystems. Consequently, fault diagnosis capabilities and requirements for aerospace applications have recently been receiving a great deal of attention in the research community. A fault diagnosis system needs to detect and isolate the presence and location of the faults, on the basis also of the control system architectures. Development of appropriate techniques and solutions for these tasks are known as the fault detection and isolation (FDI) problem. Several procedures for sensor FDI applied to a nonlinear simulated model of a commercial aircraft, in the presence of wind gust disturbances and measurement errors, are presented in this thesis. The main contributions of this work are related to the design and the optimisation of two FDI schemes based on a linear polynomial method (PM) and the nonlinear geometric approach (NLGA). In the NLGA framework, two further FDI techniques are developed; the first one relies on adaptive filters (NLGA–AF), whilst the second one exploits particle filters (NLGA–PF). The suggested design approaches leads to dynamic filters, the so–called residual generators, that achieve both disturbance decoupling and robustness properties with respect to modelling errors and noise. Moreover, the obtained results highlight a good trade-off between solution complexity and achieved performances. The FDI strategies are applied to the aircraft model in flight conditions characterised by tight–coupled longitudinal and lateral dynamics. The robustness and the reliability properties of the residual generators related to the considered FDI techniques are investigated and verified by simulating a general aircraft reference trajectory. Extensive simulations exploiting the Monte–Carlo analysis tool are also used for assessing the overall performance capabilities of the developed FDI schemes in the presence of both measurement and modelling errors. Comparisons with other disturbance–decoupling methods for FDI based on neural networks (NN) and unknown input Kalman filter (UIKF) are finally reported.
The perception and production of stress and intonation by children with cochlear implants

Users of current cochlear implants have limited access to pitch information and hence to intonation in speech. This seems likely to have an important impact on prosodic perception. This thesis examines the perception and production of the prosody of stress in children with cochlear implants. The interdependence of perceptual cues to stress (pitch, timing and loudness) in English is well documented and each of these is considered in analyses of both perception and production. The subject group comprised 17 implanted (CI) children aged 5;7 to 16;11 and using ACE or SPEAK processing strategies. The aims are to establish (i) the extent to which stress and intonation are conveyed to CI children in synthesised bisyllables (BAba vs. baBA) involving controlled changes in F0, duration and amplitude (Experiment I), and in natural speech involving compound vs. phrase stress and focus (Experiment II). (ii) when pitch cues are missing or are inaudible to the listeners, do other cues such as loudness or timing contribute to the perception of stress and intonation? (iii) whether CI subjects make appropriate use of F0, duration and amplitude to convey linguistic focus in speech production (Experiment III). Results of Experiment I showed that seven of the subjects were unable to reliably hear pitch differences of 0.84 octaves. Most of the remaining subjects required a large (approx 0.5 octave) difference to reliably hear a pitch change. Performance of the CI children was poorer than that of a normal hearing group of children presented with an acoustic cochlear implant simulation. Some of the CI children who could not discriminate F0 differences in Experiment I nevertheless scored above chance in tests involving focus in natural speech in Experiment II. Similarly, some CI subjects who were above chance in the production of appropriate F0 contours in Experiment III could not hear F0 differences of 0.84 octaves. These results suggest that CI children may not necessarily rely on F0 cues to stress, and in the absence of F0 or amplitude cues, duration may provide an alternative cue.
THE BALANCED SCORECARD: AS A PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

There are many approaches for organizational management but all of that tells the story about past. In this competitive scenario companies require a clear presentation as to what companies should measure in order to balance the financial perspective alone. Realizing the gap Robert Kaplan & David Norton offered a new approach in 1992 of management known as Balanced Score Card (BSC). The BSC suggest that the organization be view from four perspectives like, Customer perspective, Financial perspective, Internal business process perspective, Learning and growth perspective. In practice the tool like correlation analysis, game analysis, reporting & strategic review meeting will be useful and certainly the BSC management system is not another project. It is totally different from other project. Till now hundreds of Fortune 500 listed companies implemented this system.
Eine effiziente vertikale Verteilung der Exekutivkompetenzen bei der Regulierung von Telekommunikationsmärkten in Europa

Abstract The present paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of centralising regulatory competencies in the European telecommunications sector. As we demonstrate, political economy suggests that an over- rather than an under-regulation of telecommunications markets has to be expected. This tendency has been strengthened by the allocation of competencies under the new regulatory framework which endows the European Commission with far reaching veto rights under the so-called article 7 procedure. In order to delimit the risk of over-regulation through institutional safeguards, it should be easier for regulators to deregulate than to regulate a market. Current suggestions and ambitions by the Commission to extend its veto right or to even establish a European regulator for telecommunications should be dismissed. Instead, we suggest limiting the Commission’s veto rights to (a) markets, in which regulation creates significant international externalities and (b) cases, where national regulators do not move into the direction of deregulation. If, however, a national regulator decides to deregulate a market, the Commission’s ex ante veto right should be abandoned (but ex post intervention by the Commission still be possible) in order not to hamper deregulation which tends to be the desired result, in principle.