Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A delay efficient hybrid parallel prefix variable latency CSKA based multi-operand adder with optimized 5:2 compressor and skip logic

ABSTRACT In this paper, a delay efficient multi-operand adder (MOA) is introduced by considering the compression logic and variable latency carry skip adder (VL-CSKA). Here, an optimised 5:2 compressor is initially used to increase the speed of MOA by reducing the number of operands before giving as input to VL-CSKA. Also, the VL-CSKA is modified by replacing the carry propagation with complementary complex gates (CCG) and nucleus stage with improved parallel prefix structure for increasing the speed with fewer components. The delay, area, power and logic depth of the proposed hybrid parallel prefix VL-CSKA (HPP-VL-CSKA) is also reduced by modifying the group Propagate–Generate (PG) logic in the parallel prefix structure. Also, a new circuit for XOR/XNOR gate is used for the reduction of the delay and power consumption significantly. The synthesis result shows that the suggested adder design overtakes the existing adders by consuming only 5953µm2 area, 1.763mW power, 1.251fJ and 3516.63 ADP for 20 number of operands, each with 32 bit inputs.
A Skin Detection Algorithm Based on Bayes Decision in the YCbCr Color Space

Skin color detection is a hot research of computer vision, pattern identification and human-computer interaction. Skin region is one of the most important features to detect the face and hand pictures. For detecting the skin images effectively, a skin color classification technique that employs Bayesian decision with color statistics data has been presented. In this paper, we have provided the description, comparison and evaluation results of popular methods for skin modeling and detection. A Bayesian approach to skin color classification was presented. The statistics of skin color distribution were obtained in YCbCr color space. Using the Bayes decision rule for minimum cot, the amount of false detection and false dismissal could be controlled by adjusting the threshold value. The results showed that this approach could effectively identify skin color pixels and provide good coverage of all human races, and this technique is capable of segmenting the hands and face quite effectively. The algorithm allows the flexibility of incorporating additional techniques to enhance the results.
Comparative performance study of one or multiple receivers schemes for FSO links over gamma–gamma turbulence channels

Terrestrial free space optical telecommunication systems offer license-free very high bandwidth access characteristics with significantly low installation and operational cost. On the other hand, the performance of such a system depends strongly on the weather conditions in the area between the transmitter and the receiver due to the fact that the transmission media is the atmosphere. A very significant phenomenon which decreases a FSO links' performance is atmospheric turbulence. In order to counterbalance this reduction, in this work, we consider a free space optical system with a multiple receivers' scheme and diversity in space that operates under weak to strong atmospheric turbulence conditions modeled by the gamma–gamma distribution. We derive closed form mathematical expressions for the estimation of the outage probability and the average bit error rate of the multiple receivers' system. Additionally, we compare the performance capabilities of the single point to point link with those of the spatial diversity scheme under the assumption that the total aperture surface of the receivers of the latter is the same as the aperture surface of the single receiver of the former. Moreover, we demonstrate numerical results for a variety of common practical cases for both cases, with and without, spatial diversity.
Multistability and hysteresis phenomena in passively mode-locked fiber lasers

A passively mode-locked fiber laser is theoretically investigated. The mode locking is achieved using the nonlinear polarization technique. We consider the practical case of the ytterbium-doped fiber laser operating in the normal dispersion regime. The effect of the phase plates is explicitly taken into account. The resulting model reduces to one iterative equation for the optical Kerr nonlinearity, the phase plates and the polarizer, and one partial differential equation for the gain and the dispersion. Numerical simulations allow us to describe several features observed in passively mode-locked fiber lasers such as bistability between the mode lock and the continuous regime, multiple pulse behavior, hysteresis phenomena. The dynamics of the number of pulses as a function of the pumping power is also reported. Pump power hysteresis is demonstrated.
Least Squares Estimation When the Covariance Matrix and Parameter Vector are Functionally Related

Abstract Estimation for the linear model y = Xβ + e with unknown diagonal covariance matrix G is considered. The diagonal elements of G are assumed to be known functions of the explanatory variables X and an unknown parameter vector Θ, where Θ is permitted to contain elements of β. A weighted joint least squares estimator is developed that is asymptotically equivalent to the maximum likelihood estimator. Asymptotic properties of the simple least squares estimator and of the weighted joint least squares estimator are obtained. A sampling experiment is used to compare the estimators.
Identificador de movimientos mediante el análisis estadístico de la señal electromiográfica

Resumen. Este art´ıculo presenta el dise˜no de un sistema capaz de identiﬁcar movimientos realizados mediante el an´alisis de la se˜nal de electromiograf´ıa superﬁcial (sEMG) utilizando distintas m´etricas de simi-litud estad´ıstica. En el sistema propuesto, la se˜nal de sEMG multicanal es procesada en Matlab, utilizando 3 m´etricas para determinar la similitud de elementos: el coeﬁciente de Bhattacharyya, la similitud del coseno y la diferencia de energ´ıa, el cual compara la se˜nal sEMG de inter´es con registros previos en una base de datos para determinar el movimiento que ha generado dicha se˜nal. Las pruebas experimentales desarrolladas, de-muestran que el sistema propuesto es capaz de identiﬁcar los movimientos realizados por el usuario con una precisi´on de hasta 87 % obteniendo resultados competitivos con el estado del arte a un costo bajo. Palabras clave: Se˜nal EMG, coeﬁciente de Bhattacharyya, similitud del coseno, diferencia de energ´ıa, reconocimiento de patrones.
Enterale und parenterale Ernährung

Plauth M Die enterale bzw. die parenterale Ernährung wird dann benötigt, wenn ein Mensch sich infolge seiner Erkrankung auf natürlichem Wege nicht mehr ausreichend ernähren kann. Primäres Therapieziel ist ein optimales metabolisches Management zur bestmöglichen Bewältigung einer akuten oder chronischen Erkrankung. Dieser Beitrag bietet einen Überblick über die wichtigsten praxisrelevanten Aspekte der enteralen und parenteralen Ernährung.
Influence of fullerene dispersion on high temperature thermoelectric properties of BayCo4Sb12-based composites

BayCo4Sb12-based composites with dispersed fullerene or barium fulleride have been synthesized by the solid state reaction and spark plasma sintering technique. When fullerene was used as a dispersed phase, a part of barium in the filled skutterudite reacted with fullerene to form barium fullerides. Most of the extended impurity aggregated to form large defects at the grain boundaries of the matrix. The thermoelectric properties of the composites were measured from room temperature to 850 K. Both the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity decreased with increasing impurity contents. We attributed these significant reductions to enhanced grain-boundary scattering of charge carriers and phonons. A large ZT value of 1.3 was obtained in a composite with an appropriate content of fullerene dispersants.
Comparative Features of Calretinin, Calbindin and Parvalbumin Expressing Interneurons in Mouse and Monkey Primary Visual and Frontal Cortices

Much is known about differences in pyramidal cells across cortical areas and species, but studies of interneurons have focused on comparisons within single cortical areas and/or species. Here we quantified the distribution and somato-dendritic morphology of interneurons expressing one or more of the calcium binding proteins (CaBPs) calretinin (CR), calbindin (CB) and/or parvalbumin (PV) in mouse (Mus musculus) versus rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) in two functionally and cytoarchitectonically distinct regions- the primary visual and frontal cortical areas. The density, laminar distribution and morphology of interneurons were assessed in serial brain sections using immunofluorescent multi-labeling, stereological counting and 3D reconstructions. There were significantly higher densities of CB+ and PV+ neurons in visual compared to frontal areas in both species. The main species difference was the significantly greater density and proportion of CR+ interneurons and lower extent of CaBP co-expression in monkey compared to mouse cortices. Cluster analyses revealed that the somato-dendritic morphology of layer 2-3 inhibitory interneurons is more dependent on CaBP expression than on species and area. Only modest effects of species were observed for CB+ and PV+ interneuron morphologies, while CR+ neurons showed no difference. By contrast to pyramidal cells which show highly distinctive area- and species-specific features, here we found more subtle differences in the distribution and features of interneurons across areas and species. These data yield insight into how nuanced differences in the population organization and properties of neurons may underlie specializations in cortical regions to confer species and area-specific functional capacities. Key Points: Somato-dendritic morphology of distinct interneurons did not substantially scale and vary across areas and species- differences were mainly dependent on CaBP expression. Cortical diversity in inhibitory function across areas and species is thus likely to be derived from differential laminar distribution and densities of distinct interneuron subclasses. In contrast to pyramidal cells which differ widely in distribution and morphology across areas and species, the features of interneurons appears to be relatively more conserved across areas and species.
Intraoperative electrocorticography

Abstract Intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) is the recording of electrophysiological activity from electrodes placed directly on the exposed surface of brain, during surgery for epilepsy and tumor resection. The ECoG is helpful in defining the seizure onset and spread within the cortical surface and delineation of the interface between epileptogenic zones and functional cortex substance of the brain. Intraoperative ECoG is an invasive procedure, it is performed during surgery mostly commonly during awake craniotomy but at times during general anaesthesia. As most anesthetic agents will affect ECoG, they should be minimized or stopped prior to any recording. Activation of intraoperative epileptiform activity may also be required if there are no spontaneous discharges. The appropriate management of the anesthetic during the time of ECoG is critical for its success. There are limitations and some controversies to all the uses of intraoperative ECoG, thus each center will set their own indications, criteria, and protocols.
Weibull Model Based on the Maximum Entropy Principle and its Applications on Elements Grade Distribution

The distribution of metallogenic elements grade is an effective index for the quantitatively economical evaluation of mineral resources. We have defined the information entropy as a measure of randomness of metallogenic elements grade distribution, assumed its primary distribution is in an extremely random situation, and deduced the density function of the primary distribution based on maximum entropy principle. Considering the fact that elements concentration goes from a non-orderly state to an orderly one in the ore-forming process, we added restraint parameters to the primary distribution model, got a two-parameter Weibull distribution model with embedded fractal features, and then fitted metallogenic element's grade distribution of Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn from a mine in China. The results show that the Weibull model is more effective than a lognormal model to describe elements distribution, and should be applied more broadly than common lognormal models in geology discipline.
SOP Transarterielle Chemoembolisation zur Tumortherapie

Ittrich H Die transarterielle Chemoembolisation (TACE) ist ein durchleuchtungsgesteuertes minimalinvasives transarterielles Verfahren zur Behandlung von primären (hepatozelluläres Karzinom, intrahepatisches Cholangiokarzinom) und sekundären Lebertumoren (Lebermetastasen). Sie kombiniert die Wirkung von Chemotherapeutika auf Tumoren bei gleichzeitiger Embolisation von tumorversorgenden arteriellen Gefäßen.
ROTATIONAL VELOCITY DETERMINATIONS FOR 118 δ SCUTI VARIABLES

A calibration method is presented for the determination of projected rotational velocities of 118 δ Scuti variables from FWHM measurements of metal lines near 4500 Å. The calibration relation used was derived from measurements of 29 stars. Of the 44 stars brighter than 8th magnitude and north of −1° declination which did not have values in the Rodríguez catalog (Rodríguez, E., López González, M. J., & López de Coca, P. 2000, A&AS, 144, 469) we present values for 38. In addition, we present new projected rotational velocity, vsin i, values for 10 stars south of −1° or fainter than 8th magnitude for a total of 48 vsin i values for stars with no previously published values.
Antisoziale Persönlichkeitsstörung

Zusammenfassung Die Verknüpfung zwischen Persönlichkeitseigenschaften und antisozialen Verhaltensweisen kann anhand der Antisozialen Persönlichkeitsstörung (ASP) nach DSM-5, der Dissozialen Persönlichkeitsstörung nach ICD-10 oder dem Konstrukt der „Psychopathy“ nach Hare erfasst werden. Unterschiede zwischen diesen Konzepten finden sich vor allem in der Gewichtung affektiver und interpersoneller Persönlichkeitszüge. Zur Ätiopathogenese tragen genetische, weitere neurobiologische und multiple psychosoziale Faktoren (Erziehungsstil, Misshandlungen, sozioökonomischer Status etc.) sowie deren Wechselwirkungen bei. Befunde aus der Bildgebung weisen auf eine besondere Bedeutung präfrontaler und amygdalärer Strukturen hin. Testosteron und Vasopressin zeigen einen positiven Zusammenhang mit antisozialen Verhaltensweisen, wohingegen Serotonin, Kortisol und Oxytocin eine negative Assoziation aufweisen. Neurokognitive Defizite finden sich v.a. bei psychopathischen Individuen und beinhalten eine Einschränkung der emotionalen Empathie und des emotionalen Lernens. Psychotherapeutische Interventionen sollten hochstrukturiert und eher behavioral ausgerichtet sein. Psychopharmakologische Interventionen erfolgen „off-label“ und symptomorientiert
Development of CARS spectrometer using dual-wavelength electronically tuned laser

The CARS spectroscopy system using the dual-wavelength oscillation electronically wavelength tuned laser as a pumping light source were constructed to realizes more sensitive full range non-chromosomal spectroscopy. Simpler configuration of CARS optical system was realized by using the laser. To realize the CARS system, the methods to synchronize the pulses with two different wavelengths generated from the dual-wavelength oscillation electronically wavelength tuned laser was demonstrated by using sum frequency generation.
4t-cycle decomposition of the 2-fold tensor product Km×Kn(2)

In this paper, it is shown that if t, m and n are positive integers with t ≥ 3 is odd, m ≥ 3 , n ≥ 3 and mn ≥ 4 t, then the 2-fold of the tensor product of complete graphs K m and K n , that is ( K m × K n )(2) , admits a decomposition into cycles of length 4 t, whenever m ≡ 0 , 1 (mod t ), or n ≡ 0 , 1 (mod t ). For any prime p, a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a 4 p -cycle decomposition of ( K m × K n )(2) is also obtained.
Size-induced elastic stiffening of ZnO nanostructures: Skin-depth energy pinning

It has long been puzzling regarding the trends and physical origins of the size-effect on the elasticity of ZnO nanostructures. An extension of the atomic “coordination-radius” correlation premise of Pauling and Goldschmidt to energy domain has enabled us to clarify that the elastic modulus is intrinsically proportional to the sum of bond energy per unit volume and that the size-induced elastic stiffening arises from (i) the broken-bond-induced local strain and skin-depth energy pinning and (ii) the tunable fraction of bonds between the undercoordinated atoms, and therefore, the elastic modulus of ZnO nanostructures should increase with the inverse of feature size.
Introducing ODIN: Ontological Design grounded in Image-schematic kNowledge

Ontology Design Patterns (ODPs) are defined as “possible solutions against recurrent problems”, and pattern-based design has been recognised as a consolidated good modelling practice for improving ontology engineering quality. Furthermore the adoption of ODPs fosters the practices of ontology modularization and ontology reuse. The increasing number of Content ODPs, as well as their nature of cognitive schematisations, suggests the possibility of some further abstraction, which could provide also an organisation criterion. We propose here ODIN: a knowledge graph for Ontological Design grounded in Image-schematic kNowledge. Image schemas come from the embodied cognition and Cognitive Metaphors Theory tradition, and are recurrent cognitive patterns stemming from human sensori-motor experience. They are considered the basic building blocks for each and every human conceptualisation. They operate as embodied cognitive building blocks and structures to provide meaning to everything, according to human perception-conception loop. In this work we perform an analysis of ODPs’ OWLs comments and descriptions to automatically extract Image Schemas in order to provide, for each ODP, its sensori-motor grounding, bringing out the underlying cognitive structure and allowing possible ODPs cognitive upper layer organization.
The scattering of stratified topographic Rossby waves by seafloor ridges

Abstract Low-frequency topographic Rossby waves in continuously stratified flow propagate along both coastal shelves and seafloor ridges. Where the cross-section of the coastal shelf or ridge changes abruptly, or where a seafloor ridge abuts a coastal shelf, incident waves are scattered. This paper uses an isobath tracing result and a new, more efficient, method of calculating the wave modes to completely resolve the transmitted and reflected modes in these geometries. It is shown that a change in height of a ridge can reflect significant amounts of energy back along the ridge. When a ridge abuts a shelf, the energy carried past the ridge and along the shelf by the (barotropic) lowest mode is almost exactly proportional to the relative depth of the ridge. For higher modes the distribution of energy amongst the transmitted modes is crucially dependent on the structure of the modes and, in particular, the positions of nodes in the pressure filed. Some general rules are put forward.
Mean‐strain eight‐node hexahedron with stabilization by energy sampling

A method for stabilizing the mean‐strain hexahedron is described that differs from the currently known approaches. For simplicity, the developments are limited to linear elasticity but with an arbitrarily anisotropic elasticity matrix. The technique relies on a sampling of the stabilization energy using two quadrature rules, the mean‐strain quadrature and the full Gaussian integration rule. The use of two quadrature rules is shown to guarantee consistency and stability. The stabilization energy is assumed to be generated by a modified constitutive matrix based on the spectral decomposition. The spectral decomposition of the constitutive matrix identifies the stiff and flexible modes of deformation. The stiff modes of deformation are only sampled by the mean‐strain integration, which eliminates volumetric locking for isotropic materials as well as locking due to strongly anisotropic material properties. The accuracy and convergence characteristics of the present formulations compare favorably with the capabilities of mean‐strain and other high‐performance hexahedral elements as implemented in ABAQUS. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Likelihood and higher‐order approximations to tail areas: A review and annotated bibliography

Recent developments in higher-order asymptotic theory for statistical inference have emphasized the fundamental role of the likelihood function in providing accurate approximations to cumulative distribution functions. This paper summarizes the main results, with an emphasis on classes of problems for which relatively easily implemented solutions exist. A survey of the literature indicates the large number of problems solved and solvable by this method. Generalizations and extensions, with suggestions for further development, are considered.
X-Ray Spectrum of the Spiral Galaxy M51 (NGC 5194)

Un flux RX a ete detecte avec le satellite Ginga dans la bande 2-20 keV dans une region d'environ 1 degre carre du ciel contenant la galaxie spirale M 51. Le spectre RX observe peut etre ajuste soit avec un modele en loi de puissance d'indice photonique α ∼ 1.4, soit avec un modele de bremsstrahlung thermique de temperature kT > 28 keV. Il est suggere qu'une fraction significative de l'emission RX observee est originaire d'un noyau faible de type Seyfert de M 51.
Lifetime of photogenerated carriers in silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides

The lifetime of photogenerated carriers in silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides is studied in connection with the optical loss they produce via nonlinear absorption. We present an analytical model as well as two-dimensional numerical simulation of carrier transport to elucidate the dependence of the carrier density on the geometrical features of the waveguide. The results suggest that effective carrier lifetimes of ⩽1ns can be obtained in submicron waveguides resulting in negligible nonlinear absorption. It is also shown that the lifetime and, hence, carrier density can be further reduced by application of a reverse bias pn junction.