Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Design of a Piezoelectric Fan System for Advanced Cooling Applications

Electronic components are under thermal stress due to the heat generated by the power losses during their normal operation. In order to prevent damage and guarantee long term reliability while performing their functions properly, their temperature should be maintained below a specified limit all the time. The importance of this research is to ensure that electronic components stay at the specified temperature based on ambient conditions with component-based cooling. The aim of this study is to perform mechanical analysis and design of the piezoelectric fan that provides component-based cooling for small areas, and to analyze the electronic driver used to control the airflow provided by the cooler. This work included the mechanical analysis and design of a heat sink for keeping the FPGA material at a sufficient temperature on an add-on card inside the enclosure, considering the ambient parameters inside the enclosure. Piezoelectric material was preferred to provide movement in the cooler design. Consistent with the mechanical analysis of piezoelectric material, the electronic control to provide the required motion was analyzed. The advantages of analog and digital circuits were compared for electronic control and evaluated the suitability of generating the required signals with digital circuits. The required signal was produced by making simulations on the control with H-Bridge structure with the SPWM method. As a result of the mechanical analysis, the type of heatsink that provides the most effective cooling, the surface area of the heatsink in contact with the air, and the airflow velocity were determined. A modal analysis for the electronically generated signal concluded that the required pulsation should be a sine wave at first mode frequency of piezoelectric fan with no other frequencies at which the piezoelectric material is stimulated.
The Structure and Optoelectronic Properties of Few-layer Phosphorus-implanted MoS2

Due to its tunable bandgap, superior stability, natural surface passivation, and other unique properties, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has developed into the focus of research for new materials for photoelectric sensors. $M_{0}S_{2}$ is an inherently n-type, and phosphorus (P) implantation is proven to induce p-type doping, but there needs to be more study on the optoelectronic properties of $\mathbf{P}$ implanted $\mathbf{M}$ implanted with P dopants and annealed. In impact of P implantation on the structure and optoelectronic properties of MoS2 and the impact of annealing on the implantation effect, the pristine, the implanted, and the annealed samples are characterized and measured individually. Following P implantation, $M_{0}S_{2}$ evolves sulfur (S) vacancies, P impurities, and strained molecular structure, as evidenced by Raman spectra and XPS. P implantation created a p-type doping effect, increasing the response speed and decreasing the dark current through electrical and optoelectronic measurements. Subsequent investigations have found that annealing reduces S vacancies and P impurities in $M_{0}S_{2}$ and weakens the effect of P implantation on the structure and photoelectric properties of MoS2. In conclusion, the research results of this paper provide a controllable p-type doping method for MoS2 as well as the impact of this doping method on the photoelectric performance of MoS2.
An Efficient Shadow Detection Method In High Resolution Panchromatic Satellite Images

Satellite and aerial imaging is a common method to obtain information about objects on the Earth’s surface. In rescue operations and defense applications object and target detection is of greater interest. Recently in aerial imaging, extension of object detection to man-made structure (e.g., buildings) detection and recognition has an attracted attention. This detection of structures helps in understanding the scene contents of the image and used for content-based retrieval in databases. The shadow is a crucial cue for detecting the existence of the buildings and other manmade structures in the overhead images. In this paper we propose a new algorithm for shadow detection in high resolution panchromatic satellite images. This method is based on modified Geometric Active Contour model. The novelty of the proposed method involved development of fully automated algorithms without the need for manual insertion of initial position of the contours or a seed in input image. Before shadow detection random noise should be eliminated and histogram equalization should be performed for clarity. Further Otsu’s thresholding technique is used to remove the clutter from shadow. The proposed post processing called Shadow boundary refinement is used to obtain the true shadow. The experimental results on real satellite images showed that the proposed algorithm was robust against the clutter and outperforms the alternative algorithms.
Phase transition of Ca-perovskite and stability of Al-bearing Mg-perovskite in the lower mantle

Abstract Here, using in situ X-ray diffraction combined with a laser-heated diamond anvil cell at high temperatures and high pressures, a phase relationship in KLB-1 peridotite composition samples was investigated from 38 to 106 GPa, and 300 to 2600 K, in order to determine the stability of phases in the lower mantle. We observed that Al-bearing Mg-perovskite and magnesiowüstite remained stable up to 106 GPa, which corresponds to a lower mantle depth of 2400 km depth. By contrast, a phase transition in Ca-perovskite from a cubic to a tetragonal structure was observed. The amount of distortion in this material increases as pressure increases at 300 K. The temperature of the tetragonal to cubic structure transition, therefore, appears to increase with increasing pressure. There is a possibility that this Caperovskite phase transition contributes to unidentified seismic anomalies in the lower mantle.
Electric Machine Inverse Design with Variational Auto-Encoder (VAE)

Machine learning and deep learning techniques have been proposed to facilitate the design optimization of electric machines. Most of the existing research focuses on the development of surrogate models, while iterative optimization is still needed. Inverse design approach, on the other hand, can directly provide design candidates with trained deep learning model without iteration. One major challenge in deep learning based inverse design is the so-called one-to-many mapping problem. In this paper, we propose an intelligent inverse design approach for electric machines based on a variational autoencoder (VAE), which can effectively address the problem and provide desired motor design candidates for multiple design targets at the same time. We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed strategy with multi-objective design task of a surface-mount permanent magnet motor, and show that it is generally applicable for different types of electric motors.
CFD Modeling of Droplets Heated by an X-ray Free Electron Laser

: Material in HED regimes are at very high pressures and temperatures but can often still be modeled in the plasma-fluid approximation. Historically HED regimes were created using large laser/ion-beam drivers heating solid targets. Exciting data was obtained from these single shot experiments. In recent years there has been a shift to obtain HED related data from a large number of shots by using high-repetition-rate drivers. For high-repetition-rate experiments a series of droplet targets are often used to have a fresh target/droplet for each shot. However, one must make sure that target debris from the previous shot does not degrade the target for subsequent shots. This is a challenging CFD problem as one needs to model the initial dynamics of the heated droplet and the subsequent interaction with the following droplets. We use the CFD modeling code PISALE to study this complex problem. We discuss results for liquid hydrogen droplets heated by an x-ray free electron laser (XFEL). We first show 2D results for single heated droplet then 3D results for a heated droplet interacting with two unheated droplets.
Revolutionizing Family Healthcare: Examining the Beneﬁts and Obstacles of E-Health

Abstract This review explores the challenges and barriers associated with the implementation of e-health initiatives in primary care settings. It identiﬁes several key factors that hinder the widespread adoption of e-health applications, including the lack of adequate awareness of medical informatics and e-health’s role in healthcare development, insuﬃcient evidence on their eﬀectiveness, diﬃculties in meeting the costs of developing and implementing e-health infrastructure, and the marginalization of the private sector and private health institutions. Furthermore, the review highlights issues such as low health and informatics literacy among society, the weakness of laws and regulations on the provision of e-health services, and the lack or weakness of qualiﬁed human resources. It also emphasizes the need for addressing these challenges through evidence-based strategies, collaboration between stakeholders, improved education and training, and the development of comprehensive legal frameworks. By overcoming these obstacles, the review suggests that e-health has the potential to enhance healthcare delivery, improve patient outcomes, and contribute to achieving broader public health goals
Uniformities and a quantale structure on localic groups

: Similarly like classical topological groups, the point-free counterparts, localic groups, possess natural uniformities (see e.g. [4, 2, 10]) obtained from an involutive binary operation on L (roughly corresponding to the algebra of subsets of a classical group). It is the operation that naturally induces the uniformities (even if it would not result from a group) and a study of this aspect of the construction is the main topic of this article. We have here a functor associating with the localic groups quantales of a special type (and with frame group homomorphisms quantale homomorphisms) which are shown to create the uniformities, in fact as a special case of the natural uniformities connected with metric structures. Also, we present a condition under which the quantale allows a reconstruction of the localic group.
Magnetic hysteresis and rotational hysteresis properties of hydrothermally grown multidomain magnetite

Summary A series of hysteresis and rotational hysteresis measurements have been made on a suite of sized hydrothermally-grown multidomain magnetite samples. These measurements consisted of hysteresis measurements between room temperature and the Curie temperature, remanent hysteresis measurements at room temperature, and rotational hysteresis measurements also made at room temperature. It was found that several of the measured and calculated parameters, e.g., the coercive force and rotational hysteresis parameters, display slight grain-size dependencies across the entire range of samples up to the largest sample which has a mean grain size of 108 � m, whereas other results, e.g., Henkel plots, were grain-size independent. These results suggest that there is no clear pseudo-single domain to “true” multidomain behavioural transition. On comparison of high-temperature hysteresis with micromagnetic calculations there appears to be a change in the dominant domain-wall pinning mechanism with temperature. It is suggested that this effect could provide a possible mechanism for domain wall re-organisation models which have been developed to explain partial thermoremanence cooling behaviour. The room temperature rotational hysteresis results indicate that in addition to anisotropy which controls most of the magnetic behaviour, there is a much smaller very high intrinsic anisotropy. It is tentatively suggested that this very high intrinsic anisotropy could be related to metastable remanences in multidomain magnetite. On comparison with published “Crossover” template plots it is seen that the low-dislocation density hydrothermally produced samples display behaviour which does not entirely correspond with the standard templates, implying that the template plots need to be re-assessed.
ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS OF THE NOSE AND PARANASAL SINUSES FOUND ON CT SCAN IMAGES OF ADULT CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS PATIENTS

Background : Anatomical variations of the nose and paranasal sinuses are one of the contributing factors in developing Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) predisposing factor and complications during surgery complicating factors. CT Scan has an important role in diagnosing. One of the tools used to identify and detecting thesediagnose anatomical variations. in patients is CT scans. Objectives : To study theexamine prevalence of anatomical variations of the nose and paranasal sinuses found on CT Scanscans images of adult chronic rhinosinusitis patients. with CRS. Methods : The research conduct through aA retrospective descriptive studyresearch was conducted using CT scans images of 43 nose and paranasal sinuses CT Scans of the adult CRS patients who went tovisited the Allergy Rhinology Polyclinic at Dr. Hasan Sadikin hospital,Hospital in Bandung; on 1 between January-31 1 and December 31, 2019. Anatomical variations assessment of the nosewere assessed and paranasal sinuses divided into:categorized as CRS predisposing and surgery-complicating factors. CRS factors include septal deviation, Agger nasi, frontal bullae, concha hypertrophy, bullae ethmoid, pneumatized septum, concha bullosa, accessory ostium, bullous uncinate process; paradoxical, secondary, and sinus concha. While surgery complicating factors are depth of olfactory fossa, fronto ethmoid cells, inter frontal sinus septal cells, Haller cells, supraorbital cells, Onodi cells, intra maxillary sinus septum, and uncinate process attachment. Other include infraorbital nerve, anterior ethmoid artery, optic nerve, internal carotid artery, vidian canal dehiscence, atelectasis uncinate processus, intra sphenoid sinus septum, frontal, maxilla, and sphenoid sinus pneumatization. Results : The result showed that the most common CRS predisposing factors were septal deviation (90.8%), concha hypertrophy (72.2%), and Agger Nasi Cells (65.1%);%). Regarding surgery -complicating factors are, the most prevalent ones were Keros II (72.2%), sellar sphenoid sinus (69,.8%), and Kuhn I (58,.1%). Conclusion : SeptalIn conclusion, septal deviations, concha hypertrophy, and Agger Nasi cells asCells are the most common anatomical variations associated with CRS predisposing factors;predisposition. Additionally, Keros II, sellar sphenoid sinus sellar, and Kuhn I were identified as the most frequent complicating factors for surgery. These findings emphasize the importance of considering these anatomical variations in managing CRS.
Variation of the Distribution of Organic Matter Within a Transgressive System Tract: Kimmeridge Clay (Jurassic), England: Chapter 6

The Kimmeridge Clay of northern England is part of a highstand system tract, rich in organic material, whose offshore correlatives sourced much of the North Sea oil province. Spatial and temporal variation over a 35-km-long transect (extended to 100 km by correlation offshore), some 200 m thick ranging from the Cymodoce to the Pallassioides zones, and representing some 6.5 m.y. of marine sedimentation, was evaluated by study of four continuously cored boreholes sited to sample both basin and shelf facies. Thin-bed stratigraphy, established by geophysical log signatures calibrated by the ammonite succession, enables organic-rich beds to be traced throughout the transect and into other English basins. These results show that total organic carbon may be computed reliably from a combination of resistivity, density, and sonic logs and increases by over 50% as each level is traced from shelf to basin where deeper waters are thought to have favored its entrapment and preservation in an environment more depleted in dissolved oxygen and with a more rapid burial. Associated, coccolith-rich, marker bands of the shelf pass into dolomites in the basin owing to the precipitation of early dolomite through bacterial decay of the organic-rich material. Vertical distribution of the organic content of each section identifies a hierarchy of sedimentary cycles with periodicities of about 25,000 and 280,000 End_Page 67------------------------- years. The short period cycles, less than 1 m thick, comprise alternations of more or less organic-rich beds. The analysis of the extracts suggests unity of origin of the organic matter of type II origin (zoo- and phytoplankton) throughout the period of sedimentation. The differences observed in the kerogens can be interpreted in terms of a fluctuation of oxygen deficiency whose variations (dysaerobic, anaerobic, or anoxic) are recorded in time and in space. Some of the variation, near coccolith-rich beds, can be related to a very high organic productivity (up to 40 wt.% total organic carbon). The second order cycles show maximum kerogen enrichment in the middle of the transgressive tract intervals, or at the base of high level, or platform edge prisms. These relationships allow the d stribution of the organic matter to be deduced from sequence stratigraphic studies.
Autecology of Endemic plant Eremostachys adenantha Juab. & Spach in South-west of Zagros Mountains, Iran

The research has been performed to investigate the ecological conditions, habitat, and phenology of endemic and endangered medicinal plant, Eremostachys adenantha during 2008-2010. Eremostachys adenantha is endemic plant in Iran and is growing only on Zagros Mountains in Iranian southern and west southern provinces. This research, using scientific resources and GPS device obtained the geographic characteristics of the region such as latitude, longitude, h eight, direction and slope and the plant distribution map. The results showed that Eremostachys adenantha plant in the mountainous and hilly areas grows from the altitude of 1800 meters to 2500 meters without geographic limitation with the slope of 35 -10 percent. Our studies have shown that Eremostachys adenantha from late March starts the germination and continues its vegetative growth up to the late May. Reproductive phase of the plant starts in May and its flowers are formed, then in late June the seeds of plant become salient.
Job Satisfaction among Employees: A Review of Theories

Job satisfaction is a multi-dimensional variable that denotes a pleasurable or positive emotional state of workers, an attitudinal response that measures how a person feels about one’s job as well as an affective reaction to one’s job. One goal of research on JS is to identify its factors, which may in turn be manipulated to positively influence JS. In deriving the factors of JS, several theories can be considered. Of these theories, this paper reviews five of them, with a view to isolating gaps for future research. Herzberg (1959)’s Two Factor Theory, Affect Events Theory, Adams (1963) Equity Theory, Hackman and Oldhams’ Job Characteristic Model as well asSmerek and Peterson assessment model of Job Satisfaction (2007). The review is chronological. Though the paper may be of interest to identifying the main predictors of JS, it also arose as part of a study in higher education.
Near-Spurious-Free Lithium Niobate-on-Insulator SAW Resonators for Miniaturized GHz Impedance Transformers

This paper investigates the design, fabrication, and characterization of a miniaturized shear horizontal surface acoustic (SH-SAW) resonator based on a lithium niobate-on-insulator (LNOI) platform targeting gigahertz passive voltage amplification for the first time. Since low static capacitance (Co) and clean spectrum are the keys to high passive gain for a one-port resonator, a short-aperture interdigital transducer (IDT) is proposed in this study to achieve low static capacitance while eliminating most spurious modes. The proposed SH-SAW resonator with Co of only 160 fF operates at 1.026 GHz while achieving a large electromechanical coupling coefficient $\left( {K_{{\text{eff}}}^2} \right)$ of 22.8% and a maximum quality factor (Qmax) of 910, resulting in an excellent figure of merit (FoM) of 207. High passive voltage gains of 25.8 dB and 22.7 dB are also extracted with reasonable capacitive loads (CL) of 80 fF and 250 fF, respectively. The achieved specifications demonstrate the potential of LNOI SH-SAW technology in gigahertz high-gain impedance transformers.
CrowdLearn: Open Sourcing Learner Feedback to Enable Open-Ended Assessments in MOOCs

Open-ended assessments are crucial for robust learning especially common in upper-level university disciplines. This paper describes the iterative development of the CrowdLearn tool to enable open-ended, interactive formative and summative assessments in massive open online courses (MOOCs). The tool crowdsources learner feedback to enable assessments such as case studies, essays, and project reports. By giving learners the opportunity to discuss submissions and feedback from all other learners, the tool enables learners to learn from each other. This tool has now been implemented in eight courses hosted on the edX platform that span science, engineering, and social science.
DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University

—Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a key concept in building trustworthy machine learning models. Local explainability methods seek to provide explanations for individual predictions. Usually, humans must check these explanations manually. When large numbers of predictions are being made, this approach does not scale. We address this deficiency for a rooftop classification problem specifically with ExplainabilityAu-dit , a method that automatically evaluates explanations generated by a local explainability toolkit and identifies rooftop images that require further auditing by a human expert. The proposed method utilizes explanations generated by the Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) framework as the most important superpixels of each validation rooftop image during the prediction. Then a bag of image patches is extracted from the superpixels to determine their texture and evaluate the local explanations. Our results show that 95.7% of the cases to be audited are detected by the proposed system.
TRIAL ESTIMATION OF STANDARDIZED CATCH PER UNIT EFFORT OF YELLOWFIN TUNA BY THE TAIWANESE LONGLINE FISHERY IN THE TROPICAL WATERS OF THE ATLANTIC OCEAN

SUMMARY The trial standardized catch per unit effort (CPUE) of Atlantic yellowfin tuna caught by Taiwanese longline fishery was estimated by general linear models (GLM). For the manipulation, several factors were used including year, quarter, subarea, vessel category and the two-way interactions. Before estimating CPUE, historical catch and effort data were selected and re-examined by spatial and temporal distribution in the tropical core fishing area; then the 1990-2011 catch and effort data within the tropical core area (15 o N- 20 o S) were selected and stratified into five subareas to make the nominal CPUE as homogeneous as possible among subareas by cluster analysis. The GLM and Delta-GLM were used to standardize yellowfin tuna CPUE for the Taiwanese longline fishery in the Atlantic tropical waters. The results obtained show a very similar trend except for the displacement of peaks in the series. Discrepancies occurred between the Japanese longline CPUE series and any one of the three Taiwanese series. Logically, the comparison suggests that the applicability of Standardized CPUE for yellowfin tuna by the Taiwanese longline fishery in the Atlantic Ocean warrants verification and refining before the stock assessment session.