Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semi-global stereo matching under large and spatially variant perceptive deviations

Accurate and fast approximate global energy minimisation with semi-global matching (SGM) reconstructs a single visible 3D surface from a stereo pair of images by combining surface cross-sections, or profiles, found in multiple directions using 1D belief propagation (BP). Each energy measures a mismatch between corresponding signals in the images, which is appended with a weighted unevenness of the surface. To account for frequent in practice perceptive (contrast and offset) image deviations, the mismatch is evaluated in terms of mutual information (MI). However, to closely approximate the MI, the deviations have to be spatially uniform and relatively small. Moreover, this conventional two-term energy does not guarantee a unique minimiser; the weight is often hand-picked and may unpredictably affect the minimiser(s), and both the terms cannot be modified independently. Sequential and separate minimisation of these terms partially overcomes the above drawbacks, excludes the weighting, and allows to account for possible spatially variant and large perceptive deviations. For each conjugate pair of epipolar lines in the input images, the first stage employs a symmetric concurrent propagation stereo (SCPS) to build the space of all least-mismatch epipolar profiles of the goal surface. The CP fuses the BP and dynamic programming (DP) energy minimisation and allows for adapting directly to a wide range of perceptive image deviations. The second stage selects the approximately least-uneven surface in the union of the least-mismatch profile-wise spaces using semi-global smoothing (SGS). The latter follows the SGM framework, but to only find the least-uneven cross-sections of the united space in multiple directions and combine them into the final output surface. Experiments with the SCPS-SGS and MI-SGM confirmed efficiency of the proposed two-stage reconstruction under strong perceptive deviations.
Microphthalmia with linear skin defects syndrome (MLS): a male with a mosaic paracentric inversion of Xp

The microphthalmia with linear skin defects syndrome (MLS) is an X-linked dominant disorder with male lethality. In the majority of the patients reported, the MLS syndrome is caused by segmental monosomy of the Xp22.3 region. To date, five male patients with MLS and 46,XX karyotype (“XX males”) have been described. Here we report on the first male case with MLS and an XY complement. The patient showed agenesis of the corpus callosum, histiocytoid cardiomyopathy, and lactic acidosis but no microphthalmia, and carried a mosaic subtle inversion of the short arm of the X chromosome in 15% of his peripheral blood lymphocytes, 46,Y,inv(X)(p22.13∼22.2p22.32∼22.33)[49]/46,XY[271]. By fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we showed that YAC 225H10 spans the breakpoint in Xp22.3. End-sequencing and database analysis revealed a YAC insert of at least 416 kb containing the genes HCCS and AMELX, and exons 2–16 of ARHGAP6. Molecular cytogenetic data suggest that the Xp22.3 inversion breakpoint is located in intron 1 of ARHGAP6, the gene encoding the Rho GTPase activating protein 6. Future molecular studies in karyotypically normal female MLS patients to detect submicroscopic rearrangements including the ARHGAP6 gene as well as mutation screening of ARHGAP6 in patients with no obvious chromosomal rearrangements will clarify the role of this gene in MLS syndrome.
Kicking in the Guts: Schistosoma mansoni Digestive Tract Proteins are Potential Candidates for Vaccine Development

Schistosomiasis is a debilitating disease that represents a major health problem in at least 74 tropical and subtropical countries. Current disease control strategies consist mainly of chemotherapy, which cannot prevent recurrent re-infection of people living in endemic area. In the last decades, many researchers made a remarkable effort in the search for an effective vaccine to provide long-term protection. Parasitic platyhelminthes of Schistosoma genus, which cause the disease, live in the blood vessels of definitive hosts where they are bathed in host blood for many years. Among the most promising molecules as vaccine candidates are the proteins present in the host–parasite interface, so numerous tegument antigens have been assessed and the achieved protection never got even close to 100%. Besides the tegument, the digestive tract is the other major site of host–parasite interface. Since parasites feed on blood, they need to swallow a considerable amount of blood for nutrient acquisition. Host blood ingested by schistosomes passes through the esophagus and reaches the gut where many peptidases catalyze the proteolysis of blood cells. Recent studies show the emergence of antigens related to the parasite blood feeding, such as esophageal gland proteins, proteases, and other proteins related to nutrient uptake. Herein, we review what is known about Schistosoma mansoni digestive tract proteins, emphasizing the ones described as potential vaccine candidates.
Design of Metamaterial Based Antenna Using Unit Cells

Metamaterials are artificial metallic structures having simultaneously negative permittivity (ɛ) and permeability (μ), which leads to negative refractive index. Due to negative index it supports backward waves i.e. inside Metamaterial phase velocities and group velocities are antiparallel. Metamaterial doesn’t obey Snell’s law, Doppler effect, Vavilov-Cerenkov radiation etc. No other material in the world shows the above properties like Metamaterial. Due to these unusual properties Metamaterial can change the electric and magnetic property of electromagnetic wave passing through it and because of these reasons when Metamaterial is used in the fabrication of microwave components and antennas the required properties can be enhanced. Also miniaturization in the size of the component is possible as the structural cell size of Metamaterial is less than one-fourth of the guided wavelength. Using this Metamaterial antenna the demerits of ordinary patch antenna like low gain and efficiency can be overcome and is useful in the field of wireless communication. The rationale behind the work is that small planar antennas are proposed using DNG (Double Negative) Metamaterials. The double negative property is being obtained by introducing unit cell structure. A unit cell consists of microstrip gaps and vias, whose behaviour is equivalent to the combination of series capacitors and shunt inductors respectively. The via leads to negative permittivity and microstrip gap leads to negative permeability. And this negative permittivity and permeability leads to negative refractive index due to this it exhibits unusual properties compared to readily available materials. Due to the unusual properties of the Metamaterials by using a single unit cell the antenna gives of 3.768 dB, overall efficiency of 53.76 and a VSWR of 1.6 at 5 GHz frequency which is very good for point to point wireless communication and wireless LANs. This antenna has better VSWR, gain and radiation efficiency compared to an ordinary patch antenna. And another Metamaterial antenna using three unit cells gives a better gain of 5.197 dB, overall efficiency of 92.5% and a return loss of -13.5 dB at 5 GHz frequency and the gain, efficiency and return loss are 4.183 dB, 60.78%, -14.5 respectively for 2.4 GHz. The results obtained through “CST MICROWAVE STUDIO” design software and are very good for wirelessly access network resources at home and elsewhere with up to 5 GHz performance, like IEEE 802.11a, widely available IEEE 802.11b, downwardly compatible IEEE 802.11g, and advanced IEEE 802.11n.
Globalized bipartite local model for drug-target interaction prediction

In pharmacology, it is essential to identify the interactions between drug and targets to understand its effects. Supervised learning with Bipartite Local Model (BLM) recently has been shown to be effective for prediction of drug-target interactions by first predicting target proteins of a given known drug, then predicting drugs targeting a known protein. However, this pure "local" model is inapplicable to new drug or target candidates that currently have no known interactions. In this paper, we extend the existing BLM method by integrating a strategy for handling new drug and target candidates. Based on the assumption that similar drugs and targets have similar interaction profiles, we present a simple neighbor-based training data inferring procedure and integrate it into the frame work of BLM. This globalized BLM called bipartite local model with neighbor-based inferring (BLMN) then has an extended functionality for prediction interactions between new drug candidates and new target candidates. Good performance of BLMN has been observed in the experiment of predicting interactions between drugs and four important categories of targets. For the Nuclear Receptors dataset, where there are more chances for the presented strategy to be applied, 20% improvement in terms of AUPR was achieved. This demonstrates the effectiveness of BLMN and its potential in prediction of drug-target interactions.
Conflict Avoidance in Additive Order Diagrams

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Adaptation Status and Related Factors at 2 Time Points After Surgery in Patients With Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer

Background: The diagnosis of cancer and subsequent surgery represent a life-threatening and stressful experience with several factors relating to the patient's process of adaptation. Objective: The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine adaptation status and related factors in patients who have been diagnosed with and undergone surgery for gastrointestinal tract cancer. Methods: The survey was administered twice (2 weeks after discharge from the hospital and 6 months after surgery). Twenty-five patients responded to both questionnaires about quality of life (QOL), which was regarded as an index of adaptation status, and illness-related demands, the "why me? " question, sense of coherence (SOC), perceived social support, and disease data. Results: On the second survey, scores about illness-related demands, the "why me? " question, SOC, and QOL, other than the QOL social relationships domain, improved, but scores about perceived social support decreased. A correlation between the "why me? " question and the SOC and the difference in the overall QOL by cancer site were found only on the second survey. Low demands of illness and high SOC predicted high QOL on both surveys. Conclusions: Except for social relationships, adaptation status 6 months after surgery improved compared with after discharge. The relationships between some variables took on a significant meaning at 6 months after surgery. Implications for Practice: Comparisons between 2 time points suggested that most cancer patients had dispositional resilience. Meanwhile, the findings related to social relationships and the relationships between some variables suggested the necessity for professional interventions targeting these factors.
Cantly Associated with Increased Likelihood of References and Notes Supporting Online Material Materials and Methods Figs. S1 to S4 Tables S1 to S15 References Three Periods of Regulatory Innovation during Vertebrate Evolution

an application being scored (P < .001). Marginal effects for whites, Asians, and Hispanics are not different from the full sample. However , marginal effects for applications from blacks were significantly different from the full sample (P < .05): For blacks only, NIH review committee experience (P < .001) and citation count (P < .01) were significantly correlated with receiving a priority score. Together, these results suggest that previous research and affiliation do not have the same impact across racial and ethnic applicant groups. Throughout the education pipeline, blacks are less likely to graduate from high school, attend college and major in biomedical science, and obtain a Ph.D. in biomedical science. Nevertheless, upon entering the biomedical academic career track, black and white faculty members are equally likely to be tenured at institutions that grant doctorates and at Research I institutions. (3). Given our previous results, we expected to find that black scientists who made it to the stage of principal investigator would have similar chances of obtaining NIH funding, all other things being equal. We find it troubling that the typical measures of scientific achievement—NIH training, previous grants, publications, and citations—do not translate to the same level of application success across race and ethnic groups. Our models controlled for demographics, education and training, employer characteristics, NIH experience , and research productivity, yet they did not explain why blacks are 10 percentage points less likely to receive R01 funding compared with whites. Although our models do not fully explain the funding gap, the greatest differences between blacks and whites that we observed were in the effect of previous training and the probability of receiving a priority score. Although more research is needed to discern the basis for the award differences, it is possible that cumulative advantage may be involved (15). Small differences in access to research resources and mentoring during training or at the beginning of a career may accumulate to become large between-group differences. This suggests that more analysis on the impact of NIH training may be warranted. In addition, further research into the review process could help to understand why variables that increased the likelihood of an application receiving a priority score for the full sample did not have the same impact for applications from black investigators. %5Dimpacii%5Dindex.cfm 6. Data sources and methods are described more fully in the supporting material on Science Online. 7. Sometimes applicants report different …
Planning, Evaluating, and Improving Tiers of Support in Beginning Reading

cators accountable for increasing student achievement more than they have at any previous time (Guilfoyle, 2006). Substantial and reliable increases in student achievement do not happen overnight, however, but are the result of systematic and focused efforts. The business world uses the term kaizen for this concept of making small improvements every day that lead to large improvement over time (Varian, 2007; see box, “What Is the Origin of the Word Kaizen? ”). Despite differences in the organization, structure, and purposes of the worlds of business and education, this idea of kaizen, or continuous improvement, is still critical to success for educators. To use the concept of kaizen in the world of education, educators need to understand how to use data to make educational decisions.
The Cosmopolitan Vision

Detailed Contents. Acknowledgements. Introduction: What is 'Cosmopolitan' about the Cosmopolitan Vision. PART ONE. Cosmopolitan Realism. Chapter 1. Global Sense, Sense of Boundarylessness: The Distinction between Philosophical and Social Scientific Cosmopolitanism. Chapter 2. The Truth of Others: On the Cosmopolitan Treatment of Difference - Distinctions, Misunderstandings, Paradoxes. Chapter 3. Cosmopolitan Society and its Adversaries. PART TWO. Concretizations, Prospects. Chapter 4. The Politics of Politics: On the Dialectic of Cosmopolitanization and Anti-Cosmopolitanization. Chapter 5. War is Peace: On Postnational War. Chapter 6. Cosmopolitan Europe: Reality and Utopia. Notes. References and Bibliography. Index.
Theravada treatment and psychotherapy: an ecological integration of Buddhist tripartite practice and Western rational analysis

An assertion that psychotherapy is an independent science and a self-authority on human mind and behaviour has uprooted its connection with philosophy and religion. In practice, the scientist-practitioner model of psychotherapy, a seemingly dualistic model, prefers determinism of science to free will of choice in humans. In particular, the model does not see reason and emotion as co-conditioning causes of human behaviour and suffering within the interdependent aggregates of self, other, and environment. Instead, it argues for wrong reasoning as the cause of emotional suffering. In Western thought, such narrative began at the arrival of scripted language and abstract thought in Greek antiquity that has led psychotherapy to think ignorantly that emotions are un-reasonable therefore they are irrational. Only rational thinking can effectively remove un-reasonable emotions. This belief creates confusion between rational theory and rational method of studying change in emotion because of the belief that science cannot objectively measure emotions. As a result, rational epistemologies that are ignorant of moral and metaphysical issues in human experience have multiplied. These epistemologies not only construct an unchanging rational identity, but also uphold the status of permanent self-authority. Fortunately, recent developmental psychology and cognitive neuroscience research have quashed such ideas of permanent self-identity and authority. Buddhist theory of Interdependent Arising and Conditional Relations sees such identity and authority as arisen together with deluded emotional desires of greed and hatred. These desires co-condition interdependent states of personal feeling and perception (metaphysics), conceptual thinking and consciousness (epistemology) and formation of (moral) emotion and action within the context of self-other-environment matrix. Moral choices particularly highlight the intentional or the Aristotelian final cause of action derived from healthy desires by valued meaning makings and interpretations. Theravada formulation aims to end unhealthy desires and develop the healthy ones within the matrix including the client-clinician-therapeutic environment contexts. Theravada treatment guides a tripartite approach of practicing empathic ethics, penetrating focus and reflective understanding, which integrates ecologically with Western rational analysis. It also allows scientific method of studying change in emotion by applying the theory of defective desires. In addition, interdependent dimensions of thinking and feeling understood from Theravada perspective present a framework for developing theory and treatment of self disorders. Thus, Theravada treatment not only allows scientific method of studying change in emotion and provides an interdependent theory and treatment but also ecologically integrates with Western rational analysis. Moreover, Theravada approach offers an open framework for further development of theoretical and treatment models of psychopathology classified under Western nomenclature.
Shortest Path and Distance Queries on Road Networks: An Experimental Evaluation

Computing the shortest path between two given locations in a road network is an important problem that finds applications in various map services and commercial navigation products. The state-of-the-art solutions for the problem can be divided into two categories: spatial-coherence-based methods and vertex-importance-based approaches. The two categories of techniques, however, have not been compared systematically under the same experimental framework, as they were developed from two independent lines of research that do not refer to each other. This renders it difficult for a practitioner to decide which technique should be adopted for a specific application. Furthermore, the experimental evaluation of the existing techniques, as presented in previous work, falls short in several aspects. Some methods were tested only on small road networks with up to one hundred thousand vertices; some approaches were evaluated using distance queries (instead of shortest path queries), namely, queries that ask only for the length of the shortest path; a state-of-the-art technique was examined based on a faulty implementation that led to incorrect query results. To address the above issues, this paper presents a comprehensive comparison of the most advanced spatial-coherence-based and vertex-importance-based approaches. Using a variety of real road networks with up to twenty million vertices, we evaluated each technique in terms of its preprocessing time, space consumption, and query efficiency (for both shortest path and distance queries). Our experimental results reveal the characteristics of different techniques, based on which we provide guidelines on selecting appropriate methods for various scenarios.
What Intelligence Tests Miss: The Psychology of Rational Thought

Critics of intelligence tests-writers such as Robert Sternberg, Howard Gardner, and Daniel Goleman-have argued in recent years that these tests neglect important qualities such as emotion, empathy, and interpersonal skills. However, such critiques imply that though intelligence tests may miss certain key noncognitive areas, they encompass most of what is important in the cognitive domain. In this book, Keith E. Stanovich challenges this widely held assumption. Stanovich shows that IQ tests (or their proxies, such as the SAT) are radically incomplete as measures of cognitive functioning. They fail to assess traits that most people associate with "good thinking," skills such as judgment and decision making. Such cognitive skills are crucial to real-world behavior, affecting the way we plan, evaluate critical evidence, judge risks and probabilities, and make effective decisions. IQ tests fail to assess these skills of rational thought, even though they are measurable cognitive processes. Rational thought is just as important as intelligence, Stanovich argues, and it should be valued as highly as the abilities currently measured on intelligence tests.