Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intellectual capital and innovative performance: a mediation-moderation perspective

PurposeThis study explores central questions related to the connection between intellectual capital (IC) and the innovative performance of organizations through the mediating role of management control systems (MCS) and business strategies, as well as the moderating role of innovation capabilities.Design/methodology/approachThe data was collected from the managers of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) through a structured questionnaire. Out of 1,152 questionnaires distributed, only 415 were used for analysis purposes. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the study hypotheses.FindingsIntellectual capital significantly influences MCS, business strategies and innovative performance. Moreover, MCS, business strategies and innovative capabilities significantly improve innovative performance. MCS and business strategies significantly mediate the relationship between intellectual capital and innovative performance. Finally, innovative capabilities significantly moderate that between intellectual capital and innovative performance.Practical implicationsThe current research examines how management should use MCS, business strategies, and innovative capabilities to take maximum benefit from intellectual capital in order to improve innovative performance.Originality/valueThis is pioneering research that develops a theoretical model to incorporate intellectual capital, MCS, business strategies, innovative capabilities and innovative performance. Even though the influence of various kinds of intangible assets/resources on innovative performance has been widely examined in the literature, scant attention has been paid to the role of MCS, business strategies, and innovative capabilities in leveraging the firm's intellectual capital.
Artificial neural network that modifies muscle activity in sit-to-stand motion using sensory input

Sit-to-stand motion is an important daily activity, and it is important to study the mechanism of the motion to improve the ability when it becomes weak. To study the mechanism, we hypothesized that muscle synergy generates muscle activity as a feedforward signal, which is modified by sensory input. This study focuses on determining the sensory input primarily used for modifying sit-to-stand motion. To obtain this, we built artificial neural network models that generate muscle activities based on sensory input and feedforward signals and analyzed the effect of each input on the output. The models were built for each motion phase. The input was information from vestibular and somatosensory input and averaged muscle synergy as feedforward signals, and the output was muscle synergy. As a result, it was revealed that humans may primarily use hip angle to bend forward, ankle and vertical foot reaction force to hip rise, ankle, knee, and lumber angles and vertical foot reaction force to extend body, and lumber angle to stabilize. This indicates the type of sensory input used to control each muscle synergy in each motion phase. The information should be used to modify the sit-to-stand motion in environmental conditions where the motion is performed. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Formation and Stability of Vitamin E Enriched Nanoemulsions Stabilized by Octenyl Succinic Anhydride Modified Starch

Abstract Vitamin E (VE) is highly susceptible to autoxidation; therefore, it requires systems to encapsulate and protect it from autoxidation. In this study, we developed VE delivery systems, which were stabilized by Capsul® (MS), a starch modified with octenyl succinic anhydride. Influences of interfacial tension, VE viscosity, molecular weight distribution, and surfactant type (MS versus Tween 80) on stability and droplet size obtained by high-pressure homogenization were investigated. Both surfactants reduced interfacial tension and small droplet diameters (<350 nm) were produced at high VE content (80% oil phase, w/w) and low emulsifier (2.5%, w/w), which was attributed to their molecular distribution and interfacial characteristics and the magnitude of disruptive forces generated within homogenizer. MS nanoemulsions were stable to droplet coalescence at high temperature–short time exposure (30, 55, 80°C; 30 min). Results indicated that MS can be used successfully to stabilize VE nanoemulsions at ambient temperatures. Such nanoemulsions may be incorporated in many food products.
The origins of life: novel perspectives over an old problem

Life probably appeared on Earth around 4 billion years ago and was globally diffused within the next 500 million years. It is debated whether life emerged in a superficial terrestrial environment, as generally maintained by “primordial-soup” models, or in association with submarine hydrothermal vents. Simulation experiments show that abiotic formation of simple organic molecules from CO2 and H2, and of peptides from free amino acids is thermodynamically favoured under hydrothermal-vent conditions. In contrast, proposed pathways of abiotic synthesis of nucleotides and RNA fit better with superficial scenarios subject to wet/dry cycles. The “RNA World” hypothesis posits that a critical step towards life was the appearance of RNA enzymes (ribozymes) that catalysed RNA replication and random α-amino acid polymerization. The narrative presented here suggests that ribozyme interaction with peptides underpinned the emergence of populations of “protoribosomes” and virus-like RNA “protochromosomes” depending on each other for replication and subject to Darwinian evolution. The establishment of a genetic code coupled RNA and peptide evolution. RNA chaperoning of peptides positively selected self-folding peptide sequences, thus paving the way to the evolution of biologically active protein architectures. Association of informationally interlinked protoribosomes and protochromosomes with liquid-crystal bilayers produced the first protocells, self-replicating structures that evolved an increasingly complex metabolism by replacing ancestral ribozymes with more efficient protein enzymes. The addition of the Sec translocon machinery and of integral lipid-synthesizing enzymes converted self-assembled protomembranes into hereditary encoded membranes. The transition to DNA as the repository of genetic information established the genotype-ribotype-phenotype tripartite organization of modern cells. Cell evolution was the first and most conspicuous expression of ecological inheritance in life history. Primordial-soup models favour a heterotrophic ancestral metabolism, whereas the alkaline-vent scenario points to a chemioautotrophic origin. In line with the latter, phylogenomic analysis suggests that the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) was a CO2-fixing, H2-dependent, N2-fixing, thermophilic organism. Life utilized only a tiny part of the virtually limitless space potentially available in carbon chemistry, probably due to the need to control harmful spontaneous reactions in the overcrowded intracellular environment.
Malnutrition infantile à la fin de la période laténienne : l’apport de l’examen paléopathologique de la nécropole de Jort (Calvados, Normandie, France)

The two archaeological campaigns to excavate the Jort necropolis (Calvados, France), dating to the La Tène D period, revealed a site of exceptional interest for the large number of immature individuals, of which the majority was under five years old. This concentration of immature individuals is unique for this period and region, and as yet there is no obvious explanation accounting for it. The palaeopathological examination of our collection showed a significant recurrence of pathological lesions that are usually associated with deficiency diseases. This population at Jort thus displays a palaeopathological profile potentially indicating a famine situation that could have been related to the serious social instability that characterised the end of the La Tène culture.
CORE AND VALENCE ELECTRONIC STATES STUDIED WITH X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY.

'· T. Introduction. XI. Theory of Photoelectron Emission . · . A. Energy Conservation . B. Transition Probabilities . III. Experimental Procedures A. Spectrometer . B. Source Housing and X-Ray Tube C. Sample Holders/Sample Preparation . 1. Room ·remperature Solids . 2. High 'l'e! nperatu:re Solids 3. Tioon Tempe:<:ature Gases. 4. High Temperature Gases; . D. Dete~tor. • • . E. Computerized Control System IV. Data AnaJ.ysis. ~ A. Least-Squares Fits of Analytical Peak Shapes. viii
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension among Pregnant Women in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

This cross-sectional study has been conducted in the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical UniversityGynaecology and Obstetrics Division on 72 patients who have been admitted from December 2018 toMarch 2019, in order to find out the percentage of pregnancy-induced high blood pressure among pregnantmothers. Of the 72 patients, 25(34.7%) have been diagnosed with pre-eclamptictoxaemia 27(37.1%) inducedpregnancy and 20(27.8%) with eclampsia. Most people were 21-25 years old and their average age was 25.3years old. Of the 72 patients, 38 were primipara (52.8 percent). 20 (27.8%) of newborns were delivered before37 weeks, while 52 (72,2%) were delivered before 37 weeks. A cesarean section was available in 37 of allpatients (51 percent). The cesarean portion in PIH & PET was higher. Of the 72 newborn patients 16(22.2%)were low in birth weight, and patients with ecclampsy were more likely to experience low birth weight. 35 of72 patients had poor fetal results, including 1.4 percent perinatal and 33.3 percent asphyxiated infants. Only5 (6.5 percent) had complications in maternal outcomes such as strokes, renal eclampsia. All participantsin this study are women who are pregnant and receive prenatal care. WHO normally recommends patientswith an antecedent of antenatal treatment less than 4 times eclampsia. In patients with eclampsia it is morecommon to see low birth weight, pre-term delivery and the complication for prenatal mortality.
Comparative study on arsenate removal mechanism of MgO and MgO/TiO2 composites: FTIR and XPS analysis

The adsorption of arsenate (As(V)) ions onto magnesium oxide (MgO) and magnesium oxide/titanium oxide (MgO/TiO2) adsorbents was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and zeta potential analysis to reveal the molecular mechanism. Water and carbon dioxide molecules in air changed the surface structures of MgO and TiO2, which resulted in Mg(OH)2 formation and surface carbonate-like species. On the surface of MgO, unidentate carbonate, bicarbonate and bidentate carbonate were formed, which did not contribute to As(V) removal. The formed Mg(OH)2 directly reacted with As(V) to form magnesium arsenate, which was confirmed by XRD and FTIR. On the TiO2 surface monodentate carbonate, bicarbonate and CO2− species were confirmed by FTIR. Among them, the surface monodentate carbonate species participated in the ion exchange process towards As(V) ions, which was determined by FTIR and quantified by calculation from the XPS C 1s spectra. The occurrence of FTIR bands at 844 cm−1 (As–O bond) and 808 cm−1 (As–OTi bond) suggested that the protonated bidentate binuclear complex, (TiO)2AsO(OH) was possibly the dominant species on the TiO2 surface.
An Improved Finite Element Model Updating Method Based on the Singular Values of Frequency Response Functions

Aiming at the problems that Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is not easy to converge, has high rejection rate, and is easy to be disturbed by the noise when the parameter dimension is high, an improved model updating method combining the singular values of frequency response functions and the beetle antennae search algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the Latin hypercube sampling is used to extract the training samples. The Hankel matrix is reconstructed using the calculated frequency response functions and is decomposed by singular value decomposition. The effective singular values are retained to represent the frequency response functions. Secondly, according to the training samples and the corresponding singular values, the support vector machine surrogate model is fitted and its accuracy is tested. Then, the posterior probability distribution of parameters is estimated by introducing the beetle antennae search algorithm on the basis of standard Metropolis–Hastings algorithm to improve the performance of Markov chains and the ergodicity of samples. The results of examples show that the Markov chains have better overall performance and the acceptance rate of candidate samples is increased after updating. Even if the Gaussian white noise is introduced into the test frequency response functions under the single and multiple working damage conditions, satisfactory updating results can also be obtained.
Studies to Evaluate the Safety of Constant Rate Infusions of Dexmedetomidine, Ketamine and Lidocaine Alone or in Combination during Isoflurane Anesthesia in Horses

Background: Horses mount a huge stress response to anesthesia when compared to other animals, hence are risky candidates for anesthesia. Inhalant anesthetic agents offer more control to anesthetic depth and facilitate rapid recovery, hence are considered to be safer than intravenous agents for surgical procedures requiring more than an hour, however, newer drug combinations are being explored to minimize the undesired consequences and dose rate of inhalant agents. The present study explored the safety of dexmedetomidine, ketamine and lidocaine constant rate infusion alone or as a combination along with Isoflurane for safer anesthesia in horses.Methods: The study was conducted on 28 horses divided into S, D, DK and DKL groups having 7 animals in each. Xylazine (1 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.05mg/kg) were given intravenously for premedication. Ketamine (2 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) were used for induction and anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane. Normal saline (1000ml/hour), Dexmedetomidine (2µg/kg/hr), Dexmedetomidine and ketamine (2 µg/kg/hr and 2 mg/kg/hr) and Dexmedetomidine, ketamine and lidocaine (2 µg/kg/hr, 2 mg/kg/hr and 2 mg/kg/h) were given as CRI in groups S, D, DK and DKL, respectively. Thiopentone sodium (250mg bolus, 5%) was given as a fast intravenous bolus whenever required. Anesthetic efficacy was evaluated based on clinical, haemato-biochemical, hemodynamic, and endocrine variables.Result: A significant decline in mean arterial pressure was noticed in group DKL but changes in CVP and SpO2 in different groups were non-significant. Higher Blood glucose and low Insulin levels were seen in group DK during 45-60 min. Constant rate infusions of Dexmedetomidine, Ketamine and Lidocaine alone or in combination produced a significant sparing effect on Isoflurane and thiopentone while they improved peri-operative quality of anesthesia in horses.
Self-calibration and Collaborative Localization for UWB Positioning Systems

Ultra-Wideband (UWB) is a Radio Frequency technology that is currently used for accurate indoor localization. However, the cost of deploying such a system is large, mainly due to the need for manually measuring the exact location of the installed infrastructure devices (“anchor nodes”). Self-calibration of UWB reduces deployment costs, because it allows for automatic updating of the coordinates of fixed nodes when they are installed or moved. Additionally, installation costs can also be reduced by using collaborative localization approaches where mobile nodes act as anchors. This article surveys the most significant research that has been done on self-calibration and collaborative localization. First, we find that often these terms are improperly used, leading to confusion for the readers. Furthermore, we find that in most of the cases, UWB-specific characteristics are not exploited, so crucial opportunities to improve performance are lost. Our classification and analysis provide the basis for further research on self-calibration and collaborative localization in the deployment of UWB indoor localization systems. Finally, we identify several research tracks that are open for investigation and can lead to better performance, e.g., machine learning and optimized physical settings.
Effect of snow-covered ground albedo on the accuracy of air temperature measurements

Abstract. Solar radiation is one of the main factors introducing significant deviations between thermometers reading and true air temperature value. Techniques to protect the sensors from direct radiative influence have been adopted almost since the beginning of meteorological observations. Reflected radiation from snow-covered surface can also cause extra warming to thermometers hosted in solar shields, not always optimized to protect the sensors from this further backward radiative heat transfer. This phenomenon can cause errors in near-surface temperature data series, with relevant impact on the quality of data records. The study here presented experimentally evaluates the effect of albedo radiation from snow-covered surface, on the accuracy of air temperature measurements. The investigation is based on evaluating temperature differences between couples of identical instruments positioned above ground covered by natural vegetation, being one in snow-free conditions and the other above snow-covered surface, at the same time in the same site in close vicinity. The work involved a representative number of different typologies of sensors and shields from different manufactures. A mountain site with appropriate field conditions, offering long-lasting snow presence to maximize data availability, was selected to host the experiment. Quantities of influence such as relative humidity, wind speed and direction, solar radiation (direct and reflected) were constantly measured. The effect was evaluated to range up to more than 3 °C for some typologies of sensors. Full data analysis is here reported, together with complete results. This main scope of this work is to report on an experimental estimation and method to evaluate and include this effect as a component of uncertainty in temperature data series for near-surface stations above snowy areas.
Global economic impacts of climate shocks, climate policy and changes in climate risk assessment

This study assesses the global economic consequences of climate-related risk in three broad areas: (1) the macroeconomic impacts of physical climate risk due to chronic climate change associated with global temperature increases and climate-related extreme shocks; (2) the macroeconomic effects of climate policies designed to transition to net zero emissions by 2050 (transition risk); and (3) the potential macroeconomic consequences of changes in risk premia in financial markets associated with increasing concern over climate events. We consider four widely used climate scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways, or RCP), and identify the physical damage functions due to chronic climate risks. The chronic climate risks include sea-level rise, crop yield changes, heat-induced impacts on labor, and increased incidence of diseases. We also estimate the future incidence of climate-related extreme events, including droughts, floods, heat waves, cold waves, storms and wildfires, based on climate variable projections under the climate scenarios. After translating physical climate shocks into economic shocks to labor force and sectoral productivity, we investigate the macroeconomic consequences under the climate scenarios using the G-Cubed model. The results demonstrate that physical climate risk is likely to cause large economic losses in all RCP scenarios, both through chronic climate change and extreme climate shocks. We then explore the impact of country-specific economy-wide carbon taxes as a representative policy action to drive the global economy to achieve net-zero emissions by mid-century. Transition risks vary according to the ambition and the design of policies to reduce emissions. The results demonstrate that there can be potentially significant costs associated with policies to reduce emissions, and the costs differ across sectors and across countries. We also address whether changes in climate risk perceptions can significantly impact the real economy through changes in risk premia in financial markets. We calculate shocks to financial risk premia based on relationships between historical climate shocks and changes in financial market risk premia. We apply these shocks to risk premia under the RCP scenarios and find that the cost of rising risk premia can be of a magnitude consistent with historical experience. The cost appears to be smaller than the economic costs of changes in physical climate risk and transition risk.
Analysis of Footprint of Uncertainty of the IT2 Mamdani Controllers Using Different Type-Reducers

Appropriate Footprint of Uncertainties (FOUs) are beneficial to the performance of Interval Type-2 (IT2) fuzzy controller, revealing the effect of FOUs is a key problem. In our published work, as the FOUs increase, the IT2 Mamdani and TS fuzzy controllers, using KM or EKM type-reducer (TR), approach the constant and piecewise linear controllers, respectively, while they finally become constant and piecewise linear controllers. To verify the validation of the above results, when a different TR is used, in this study, the effects of other popular TRs (i.e., Nie-Tan, Wu-Mendel, Iterative Algorithm with Stop Condition) on output of IT2 Mamdani fuzzy controller, are explored. We proven that, (1) as the FOUs increase, irrespectively of the TRs used, the IT2 Mamdani fuzzy controllers approach constant controllers, (2) when all the FOUs are equal to 1 (i.e., at their maximum ), the fuzzy controllers using Nie-Tan and Iterative Algorithm with Stop Condition TR become constant controllers. The FOUs of the controllers using Wu-Mendel TR can be infinitely approaching 1 and cannot be equal to 1 (otherwise, the denominator of the TR output expression are equal to 0), hence when FOUs are infinitely approaching 1, the controller will approach the constant controller infinitely. These results imply regardless of which popular TR is used, the IT2 Mamdani fuzzy controller, when using larger FOUs, the fluctuation of the input variables have a limited impact on the output, the ability to deal with system uncertainties will deteriorate. Laboratory control experiments are provided to demonstrate these findings.
Standardized Ginkgo Biloba Extract in the Treatment of Vertigo and/or Tinnitus: A Review of the Literature

Standardized Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is an established herbal treatment used for a variety of indications, including vertigo and/or tinnitus. The evidence base in human clinical studies for a clear benefit of GBE in vertigo and/or tinnitus is limited and contradictory due to poor reporting as well as variations in study quality and outcome measures used. The aim of this review is to identify and discuss the rationale for using GBE in the treatment of vertigo and/or tinnitus based on the known pleiotropic actions of GBE and the pathophysiology of vertigo and/or tinnitus. The rationale will be substantiated by a review of the literature in order to identify and evaluate clinical trials investigating the efficacy of GBE in individuals with vertigo and/or tinnitus. The review identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effectiveness of GBE in vertigo and/or tinnitus published in PubMed up to 1st January 2020. In total, 17 RCTs were included 8 of the 9 studies investigating tinnitus and/or vertigo/dizziness found improvements, and 6 of 8 included studies investigating solely tinnitus showed positive effects. Based on the known mechanisms of action of GBE as well as evidence from animal models and human clinical trials identified in this review, GBE is a rational alternative treatment that might provide benefits to individuals with vertigo and/or tinnitus. However, further well-defined RCTs in patients with defined pathological entities are necessary to further substantiate the beneficial effects of GBE for vertigo and/or tinnitus.