Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IMAGES FOR SURGEONS

A 33-year-old woman had frequent presentations to the emergency department with complaints of constipation, lower abdominal pain and vomiting. Her comorbidities of significance included childhood epilepsy, multiple documented allergies and cervical adenocarcinoma aged 30, with operative management consisting of hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and no requirement for adjuvant therapy Since the hysterectomy the patient presented multiple times to the emergency department with constipation and abdominal pain. Workup including multiple computed tomography (CT) abdomen scans, numerous plain abdominal radiographs, colonoscopy and endoscopy were unremarkable. During one of the presentations CT showed collapsed portion of large bowel with potential band adhesion, which in conjunction with previous history of carcinoma and ongoing symptomatology raised concern for a mechanical large bowel obstruction (Fig. 1). Initial surgical management included a diagnostic laparoscopy with adhesiolysis revealing mild adhesions at site of previous hysterectomy and no other pathology. Further episodes of chronic constipation, lower abdominal pain and vomiting despite an extensive aperient regime led to further surgical intervention of a laparoscopic loop ileostomy with improvement in symptomatology. The patient however developed severe dermatitis due to the stoma appliances which could not be managed with any effective skin care regime. Gastric emptying study performed showcased slow tracer transit through the large bowel, suggesting potential colonic dysmotility The decision was made to proceed to a laparoscopic subtotal colectomy and ileosigmoid anastomosis with stomal reversal. Histopathological analysis of the extracted specimen showed the predominant pathology involved the enteric nervous system, with
Water quality, cost-sharing, and technical assistance: Perceptions of Maryland farmers

ABSTRACT: Data from a recent survey of Maryland fanners was used to study farmers9 perceptions of three topics relating to the use of soil and nutrient runoff control in agriculture: the extent of water quality problems, the usefulness of cost-sharing, and the perceived value of different sources of information on soil and water conservation. The evidence indicates that, while farmers recognized the existence of water quality problems, they tended to believe those problems occur away from their farm or local area. Cost-sharing appeared to have influenced a limited number of farmers to plan increased runoff control efforts. Outreach efforts by public agencies may need improvement.
World Journal of Gastroenterology

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic progressive liver disease and one of the most important progressive cholangiopathies in adults. Damage to cholangiocytes triggers the development of intrahepatic cholestasis, which progresses to cirrhosis in the terminal stage of the disease. Accumulating data indicate that damage to biliary epithelial cells [(BECs), cholangiocytes] is most likely associated with the intracellular accumulation of bile acids, which have potent detergent properties and damaging effects on cell membranes. The mechanisms underlying uncontrolled bile acid intake into BECs in PBC are associated with pH change in the bile duct lumen, which is controlled by the bicarbonate (HCO 3) buffer system “biliary HCO 3-umbrella”. The impaired production and entry of HCO 3 - from BECs into the bile duct lumen is due to epigenetic changes in expression of the X-linked microRNA 506. Based on the growing body of knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of cholangiocyte damage in patients with PBC, we propose a hypothesis explaining the pathogenesis of the first morphologic (ductulopenia), immunologic (antimito-chondrial autoantibodies) and clinical (weakness, malaise, rapid fatigue) signs of the disease in the asymptomatic stage. This review focuses on the consideration of these mechanisms.
World Journal of Gastroenterology

BACKGROUND Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) has been linked with elevated immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 levels. The characteristics and outcomes of AIP based on serum markers have not been fully evaluated. AIM To compare clinical features, treatment efficacy, and outcome of AIP based on serum IgG4 levels and analyze predictors of relapse.
Context Disentangling and Prototype Inheriting for Robust Visual Grounding

Visual grounding (VG) aims to locate a specific target in an image based on a given language query. The discriminative information from context is important for distinguishing the target from other objects, particularly for the targets that have the same category as others. However, most previous methods underestimate such information. Moreover, they are usually designed for the standard scene (without any novel object), which limits their generalization to the open-vocabulary scene. In this paper, we propose a novel framework with context disentangling and prototype inheriting for robust visual grounding to handle both scenes. Specifically, the context disentangling disentangles the referent and context features, which achieves better discrimination between them. The prototype inheriting inherits the prototypes discovered from the disentangled visual features by a prototype bank to fully utilize the seen data, especially for the open-vocabulary scene. The fused features, obtained by leveraging Hadamard product on disentangled linguistic and visual features of prototypes to avoid sharp adjusting the importance between the two types of features, are then attached with a special token and feed to a vision Transformer encoder for bounding box regression. Extensive experiments are conducted on both standard and open-vocabulary scenes. The performance comparisons indicate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in both scenarios. The code is available at https://github.com/WayneTomas/TransCP.
Warmer Seas Will Stress Coral

A study conducted of oceans and reefs shows us the consequences that will have to be faced if immediate action is not taken to combat perhaps the greatest challenge confronting the international community - climate change. Research from the Centre for Marine Studies (CMS) at the University of Queensland and the Australian Research Council Centre for Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (CoECRS) reveals that there are two main threats facing reefs around the globe: rising sea temperatures, which leads to coral bleaching, and increasing ocean acidification. Coral bleaching will over time cause the death of corals.
Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa

This study aims to verify the validity of the retirement satisfaction inventory (RSI) for Brazilians and its invariance with regard to gender, age, education, marital status, income and region of the country, and to investigate whether the reasons for retirement influence a person’s retirement satisfaction. At total of 1,002 retirees participated in the study, including both men and women ranging in age from 44 to 88. The analyses indicated RSI being subdivided into two scales: i) the scale of satisfaction with retirement, and (ii) the reasons for retirement with good psychometric characteristics. The latter was found to be a predictor of the former. The instruments were structured differently than in other countries, but they were shown to be applicable in the Brazilian context, especially with regard to assessing interventions such as retirement preparation programs.
Regulation of nutrient management in vegetable production: the California experience.

More than 160,000 ha of cool-season vegetables are produced annually in the coastal valleys of central California. In these valleys vegetable production dominates the landscape, and since most fields produce two or more crops per year the mean annual fertilizer input is very high. Not surprisingly, environmentally problematic levels of soluble phosphorus in surface waters, and nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3 -N) in both surface- and groundwater, are common. The Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board (WQCB) is struggling to develop effective regulatory measures to improve water quality without damaging the viability and competitiveness of the commercial vegetable industry. Recognizing the dynamic nature of a system in which dozens of vegetable commodities are produced year around on a range of soils and in varying rotational schemes, the WQCB has been reluctant to impose numerical limits on fertilizer application, or to mandate the use of specific management practices. To date, regulatory efforts have been tied to the discharge of irrigation tailwater or storm runoff from agricultural land. In 2004 the WQCB granted a 5-year waiver from the requirement to obtain a permit for such discharge to all growers who agreed to: a) attend an extensive water quality training course; b) develop a written farm water quality protection plan outlining practices to be undertaken to reduce nutrient losses; and c) participate in a watershed-scale water quality monitoring program. In the initial years of this program the majority of vegetable growers met these requirements, yet the monitoring data have shown no substantive improvement in water quality parameters related to nutrients. The WQCB is currently planning additional grower educational activities to encourage wider adoption of efficient nutrient and irrigation management practices, and is considering additional grower requirements for extending the discharge waivers.
3D Brain Tumor Segmentation Using Modified U-Net Architecture

Brain tumor segmentation from MRIs has been a continuing challenge for radiology and neurology specialists. Therefore, a reliable method that captures the growing and refined data in this regard, is much needed. Among many deep learning techniques having been proposed for medical image analysis, U-Net-based variants are found to the most used models in multimodal medical image segmentation. Moreover, knowing that brain tumors can have various shapes, sizes, and appearances, the segmentation task, using simple block architectures, does not capture all the intricacies of the tumor boundaries and internal structures. Therefore, more complex architectures, such as U-Net and its 3D extensions, are better suited to handle these variations and provide better segmentation results. In this paper, we introduce an enhanced automated 3D brain tumor segmentation network built on the foundation of the 3D U-Net architecture. Through the combination of the advantages of UNet, ResNet, we created a new 3D UNet model with block modifications, based on simple ResNet block, BNet’s, with batch normalization. We used the 2020 Multi-modal Brain Tumor Segmentation Challenge (BraTS2020) data sets to train and validate the proposed model. The BraTS2020 validation data set yielded dice values of 0.86, 0.82 and 0.85 for the Whole Tumor (WT), for Enhancing Tumor core (ET), and for Tumor Core (TC), respectively. The experimental results show that our model significantly outperforms the standard brain tumor segmentation methods.
Effect of berberine on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of atorvastatin in hyperlipidemia rats

Abstract Atorvastatin, an effective lipid-lowering drug, could reduce the risks of morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. Patients with cardiovascular diseases often use atorvastatin along with berberine. Atorvastatin is the substrate of CYP3A4 and P-gp. However, berberine is the inhibitor. The combination might lead to DDIs. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of berberine on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of atorvastatin in rats. Plasma concentrations of atorvastatin with or without berberine were determined by HPLC. Pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated and used to evaluate pharmacokinetics interactions. The effect of berberine on pharmacodynamics of atorvastatin was investigated by detecting blood lipid, SOD, MDA, GSH-Px, AST, ALT, and liver histopathology. Cmax, tmax, and AUC0-t of atorvastatin in combination group significantly increased both in normal and model rats (p < 0.01). The increase of t1/2, AUC0−t in model rats was more significant than that in normal rats (p < 0.05). Pharmacodynamics indexes in treatment groups were significantly improved, especially combination group (p < 0.05). Moreover, it could be found that there is a significant recovery in liver histopathology. In conclusion, berberine could affect pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin, enhance lipid-lowering effect and improve liver injury in rats. More attention should be paid to plasma exposure in clinical to avoid adverse reactions.
Determinación del precio en terrenos agrícolas en espacios protegidos* Pricing on agricultural land in protected areas

The creation by the EU of the Natura 2000 network has forced the government to change environmental standards on available resources such as agricultural areas, in order to enable environmental sustainability and the existing economic activities. In this paper hedonic models and GIS to economically evaluate the characteristics of these territories with regard to its main attributes are used. Applying this combination of methods to Special Protection Area for Birds number (SPA) 56 for the Community of Madrid in Spain, located around the rivers and Alberche and Cofi that form part of the so-called Natura 2000 network of the Union European. Subsequently, the most important aspects for the plots of land within the protected area, such as soil quality, distance to the road network, etc., and the effects on price are determined. The results show that those characteristics make the land more versatile increase in value, while those that may condition their agricultural use or alternatively , such as protected wildlife, reduce it.
Light-Weight Deep Learning Models for Acoustic Scene Classification Using Teacher-Student Scheme and Multiple Spectrograms

In this paper, we present a light-weight deep learning based system for acoustic scene classification (ASC), which is armed to be integrated into an Internet of Sound (IoS) system with a limitation of hardware resource. To achieve the light-weight ASC model, we develop a teacher-student deep learning scheme with a two-phase training strategy. In the first phase (Phase I), a Teacher network architecture, which shows a large model footprint, is proposed. After training the Teacher, the embeddings, which are the feature map of the teacher, are extracted. In the second phase (Phase II), we propose Students which presents light-weight network architectures. We train the Students with leveraging embeddings extracted from the Teacher. To further improve the accuracy performance, we apply an ensemble of multiple spectrograms on both the Teacher and Students. Our experiments conducted on DCASE 2023 Task 1 dataset with ten target classes (‘Airport’, ‘Bus’, ‘Metro’, ‘Metro station’, ‘Park’, ‘Public square’, ‘Shopping mall’, ‘Street pedestrian’, ‘Street traffic’, ‘Tram’) helps to achieve the best Student with the accuracy performance of 57.4% on the Development set and 55.6% on the blind Evaluation set, which improve the DCASE baseline by 14.5% and 10.8%, respectively. The best Student also achieves 82.3% with three target classes (‘Indoor’, ‘Outdoor’, and ‘Transportation’) on the Development set and presents a light-weight model of 88.7 KB memory occupation and 29.27 M MACs, which is potential to apply on a wide range of edge devices.
Rhabdomyosarcoma: Advances in Molecular and Cellular Biology

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue malignancy in childhood and adolescence. The two major histological subtypes of RMS are alveolar RMS, driven by the fusion protein PAX3-FKHR or PAX7-FKHR, and embryonic RMS, which is usually genetically heterogeneous. The prognosis of RMS has improved in the past several decades due to multidisciplinary care. However, in recent years, the treatment of patients with metastatic or refractory RMS has reached a plateau. Thus, to improve the survival rate of RMS patients and their overall well-being, further understanding of the molecular and cellular biology of RMS and identification of novel therapeutic targets are imperative. In this review, we describe the most recent discoveries in the molecular and cellular biology of RMS, including alterations in oncogenic pathways, miRNA (miR), in vivo models, stem cells, and important signal transduction cascades implicated in the development and progression of RMS. Furthermore, we discuss novel potential targeted therapies that may improve the current treatment of RMS.
The coloured population of Great Britain.

The numbers ethnic origin age structure and geographic distribution of colored or "Commonwealth immigrants" in England Scotland and Wales were calculated by the Runnymede Trust from the 1971 census. Since census data do not reveal ethnic origin a maximal estimate of colored was estimated to be 1385600 from birthplace of immigrants and their parents. This figure makes the colored 2.6% of the total population of Great Britain of whom 40% were born in Great Britain. 90% of these colored persons were from West Indies India Pakistan or Africa. Although 39% of them are under 15 years compared with 24% of British people all groups except Africans have falling birth rates. They usually reside in cities and the proportion of each ethnic group in a given area has been fairly constant except for a trend for Pakistanis to decrease in West Midland and West Yorkshire and to increase in South East Lancashire and Greater London.
MAKERERE UNIVERSITY

Developing countries like Uganda are characterised by small domestic markets, weak laws on intellectual property rights and poor labour legislation. In addition, lack of awareness, poor industrial strategy, no external markets to complement the domestic one, high tool investment costs and low returns can be cited as bottlenecks to the growth of the manufacturing industry. The industry is further characterised by small-medium batch sizes and non-flow line production technologies, low volume/capacity, lack of high responsiveness, limited potential of industrialization and therefore cannot survive in highly competitive markets. This study analyses the machine tool driven industry in a developing country. It models the relationships between measures of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT) penetration, adoption trends and sets of predictor variables most of which are intangible. The study is carried out in 39 firms found to be using machine tools and employ more than five people. Non parametric statistical techniques, logistic, quantile and linear regression together with Multivariate fractional polynomial techniques were used. In all cases robust regression was applied. The results show that education levels of blue collar workers, engineers and managers were instrumental to the investment in systems, devices and stations (SDS), while clerical employees were instrumental in integrating these technologies. The CEO and environmental issues were strong influences. The strongest single strategic motivation that drove Ugandan firms to invest in AMT‘s was the superior image of the firm followed by reduction in labour costs. Lastly, recommendations were made for Government, industry and the academia. The study provides interesting insights into factors that characterize this industry in a developing country.
Introduction to the Special Section on the Lithoprobe Sudbury Project

Integrated geophysical and rock property studies of the Sudbury Structure have revealed it is highly deformed with substantial NS shortening in the Sudbury Igneous Complex. Understanding the nature and extent of deformation is essential to determining the original shape of the structure and the results of these studies are sufficient to discount many of the objections to an impact origin.
Sentiment Analysis : A Literature Survey

Our day-to-day life has always been influenced by what people think. Ideas and opinions of others have always affected our own opinions. The explosion of Web 2.0 has led to increased activity in Podcasting, Blogging, Tagging, Contributing to RSS, Social Bookmarking, and Social Networking. As a result there has been an eruption of interest in people to mine these vast resources of data for opinions. Sentiment Analysis or Opinion Mining is the computational treatment of opinions, sentiments and subjectivity of text. In this report, we take a look at the various challenges and applications of Sentiment Analysis. We will discuss in details various approaches to perform a computational treatment of sentiments and opinions. Various supervised or data-driven techniques to SA like Na\"ive Byes, Maximum Entropy, SVM, and Voted Perceptrons will be discussed and their strengths and drawbacks will be touched upon. We will also see a new dimension of analyzing sentiments by Cognitive Psychology mainly through the work of Janyce Wiebe, where we will see ways to detect subjectivity, perspective in narrative and understanding the discourse structure. We will also study some specific topics in Sentiment Analysis and the contemporary works in those areas.
Markov chain models for pre-monsoon thunderstorm in Calcutta, India

Markov chain models of first, second :md thi rd order have been used to provide a probabilistic description of the occur­ rence of the thunderstorm phenomenon in the pre-monsoon season (March-May) in Calcutta ( Indi a). The analys is is based on the relevant data fo r the 10-ycar period 1985-94. Usc of Akaike"s information criterion (A IC) reveals that the Markov chain of the third order is perhaps the model that describes best the phenomenon. This finding is also supported by actual verificat ion of the fac t that the Markov c hain of thi rd order simu lates the observed data best. Besides, the time independent behaviour of the chain has also been studied wit h the help of the s teady stale probabil ities. The theoretica l va1ucs of the mean recurrence time for thunderstorm and fa ir weather clays hence obtained arc in c lose agreement with the observed data.
Assessment of Muscle Coordination Changes Caused by the Use of an Occupational Passive Lumbar Exoskeleton in Laboratory Conditions

The introduction of exoskeletons in industry has focused on improving worker safety. Exoskeletons have the objective of decreasing the risk of injury or fatigue when performing physically demanding tasks. Exoskeletons’ effect on the muscles is one of the most common focuses of their assessment. The present study aimed to analyze the muscle interactions generated during load-handling tasks in laboratory conditions with and without a passive lumbar exoskeleton. The electromyographic data of the muscles involved in the task were recorded from twelve participants performing load-handling tasks. The correlation coefficient, coherence coefficient, mutual information, and multivariate sample entropy were calculated to determine if there were significant differences in muscle interactions between the two test conditions. The results showed that muscle coordination was affected by the use of the exoskeleton. In some cases, the exoskeleton prevented changes in muscle coordination throughout the execution of the task, suggesting a more stable strategy. Additionally, according to the directed Granger causality, a trend of increasing bottom-up activation was found throughout the task when the participant was not using the exoskeleton. Among the different variables analyzed for coordination, the most sensitive to changes was the multivariate sample entropy.