Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting DDoS attack with AI/ML models

The enormous evolution of web-based applications on the public Internet has accomplished universal communication among billions of Smart IoT (Internet of Things) devices and such smart devices communicate with each other through the network. Simultaneously, cyber-attackers have gained enough knowledge on attacking the Internet and information on Secured systems . Distributed Denial of Services evolved as a serious threat for organizations, these attacks must be mitigated immediately for preventing damages to the business. In Information and Cloud Security, DDoS attack is one of the main concerning successful attack procedures. Since DDoS attack can deny and disturb the service of one or more IoT nodes simultaneously, which causes the loss of data for any company. In other words, this will be a serious threat to the organization. ML models are implemented for resolving various Cybersecurity related problems such as Malware detections, spam mails, vulnerabilities in software, detection of an anomaly, biometric and facial recognition, and many other areas. It is essential to simulate the discrete event DDoS attack model to evaluate the efficiency of the detection model for in-house study on DDoS attacks and preventions. This paper proposes a model to analyze the impact of DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service). The implemented model was developed using Mininet and POX controller on open source. The resultant network traffic is generated as the dataset. The values of the dataset were compared and plotted with various Machine learning methods for the prediction of DDoS attacks.
Growth, Coal and Carbon Emissions: Economic Overheating and Climate Change

We use a comprehensive database of 121 countries over the 1971-2016 period to study how macroeconomic factors drive carbon (carbon-dioxide) emissions. For this purpose, dynamic panel regressions are estimated. Carbon emissions rise with economic development, manufacturing activity, urbanization and increasingly with economic growth. In electricity generation, the use of coal, and to a lesser degree of oil, is associated with higher carbon emissions, while renewable energy use is already associated with lower national emissions in advanced economies. We also uncover a non-linearity: economic overheating is particularly harmful when coal use is more intensive. The results suggest that mitigating economic cycles might also reduce carbon emissions. JEL Classification: O40; O44; Q00; Q40; Q50
Identification and Genetic Characterization of Mycoplasma Species Affecting Respiratory System in Egyptian Cattle

Identification and genetic characterization of Mycoplasma species affecting respiratory system in Egyptian cattle Ashraf A. Abd El Tawab, Fatma I. El-Hofy, Naglaa I. Hassan , Mohamed R. Ramadan* Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University. 2 Department of Reproductive Diseases Research, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Al-Haram, Giza, Egypt.
Electro-Fenton process for water and wastewater treatment

ABSTRACT Electro-Fenton process is an emerging treatment technology for water and wastewater treatment. Electro-Fenton utilizes hydroxyl radicals to oxidize hazardous contaminants and is especially useful to treat recalcitrant compounds that are not easily degraded in conventional water and wastewater treatment plants. This paper reviews the mechanism of electro-Fenton process and its kinetic modeling. The effects of electrode materials, hydrogen peroxide concentration, ferrous ion concentration, pH, electrolyte, oxygen sparging rate, temperature, initial concentration of pollutant, feeding mode, current density, and distance between electrodes are also reviewed. The performance of electro-Fenton is compared with other treatment technologies. Finally, existing challenges and future perspectives are discussed.
Influence of an efficient Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm in analyzing Cancer affected DNA Dataset

This research work presents an influence of hierarchical clustering approach in anlyzing cancer affected DNA data set. The primary objective of this research work is to identify the best clustering algorithms to group cancer-affected DNA datasets. Data analysis shows an important role in bioinformatics. Data analysis technique used for grouping the data objects is based on unsupervised learning. Clustering is an unsupervised learning technique in data mining. It groups a set of clusters from the entire dataset. In this research work, 700 cancer-affected DNA datasets are considered for analysis. This research work compares three types of Clustering techniques, K-Means (KM), K-Medoids (KMS), and Hierarchical Clustering (HC), to group cancer-affected DNA. Each algorithm has some strengths and weaknesses. These clustering algorithms are compared in detail based on various parameters. Results prove that the hierarchical clustering algorithms show lesser execution time and increased accuracy than other KM and KMS algorithms.
An Analysis of ESG Shareholder Resolutions in Australia

This article analyses the recent significant increase in number, prominence and impact of shareholder resolutions focused on environmental, social and governance (‘ESG’) issues in Australia. The analysis is placed in the context of the legal framework for shareholder resolutions and uses two sources of data: information about shareholder ESG resolutions in listed companies between 2002 and 2019, and interviews with representatives of resolution proponents, institutional shareholders, company directors, governance professionals, and the Australian Securities and Investments Commission. It finds a significant increase in the last three years in ESG shareholder resolutions, particularly climate change resolutions, concentrated in a small number of filers, companies and industries. Against a background of modest average levels of support for shareholder ESG resolutions, examples of companies which have recorded high levels of support are notable. Shareholder ESG resolutions are generally recognised as a valuable corporate stakeholder engagement mechanism, producing positive change in some companies.
The assignment and distribution of the dyslexia label: Using the UK Millennium Cohort Study to investigate the socio-demographic predictors of the dyslexia label in England and Wales

The prevalence of dyslexia identification has increased significantly over the last two decades. Yet there is debate over whether there are distinct biological and cognitive differences between those with literacy difficulties and the subgroup of people identified as dyslexic. This is the first paper that provides evidence for this ongoing debate by investigating the socio-demographic factors, outside biology and cognition, that predict whether a child is identified as dyslexic in the UK. Using secondary data from the UK’s Millennium Cohort Study, this paper examines the socio-demographic factors that predict whether a child’s teacher identifies them as dyslexic at age 11. Gender, season of birth, socio-economic class and parental income are found to be significant predictors of the dyslexia label. Therefore, factors seemingly unrelated to the clinical aspects of dyslexia influence whether a child is identified as dyslexic in England and Wales. This suggests that label may not be evenly distributed across a population; furthermore, it may also indicate that resources for support may not be fairly allocated. The findings further support the argument that a ‘dyslexic sub-group’ within poor readers is created due to the impact of environmental factors. The results from this national-scale study thus questions the reliability, validity and moral integrity of the allocation of the dyslexia label across current education systems in the UK.
Preliminary studies on the different roles of T6SSs in pathogenicity of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida NB2011.

Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, the causative agent of visceral granulomas in the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) in China, encodes three sets of type Ⅵ secretion systems (T6SS1-3). The purpose of this study was to characterize the different roles of T6SSs involved in infection. In-frame deletion of T6SSs was constructed, which resulted in 8 mutants. Competition against E. coli DH5α, virulence against the croaker and in vivo survival ability of the mutants were tested. The expression and secretion of Hcp by P. plecoglossicida NB2011 were investigated. The results showed T6SS2 mutant failed to inhibit the growth of E. coli, which is an indication of T6SS2 acting against environmental bacteria. The LD50 value of T6SS1 mutant strongly increased; T6SS2 and T6SS3 mutants were similar to that of the wild type; and the virulence of double deletion or triple deletion mutant was drastically alleviated, indicating that T6SS1 being one of the major virulence factors, and T6SS2 and T6SS3 directly or indirectly being involved in the pathogenicity. T6SS1 mutant disappeared in the fish spleen in 3 days, while other strains kept increasing, indicating the T6SS1 stimulation bacteria replication in vivo. Hcp1 secreted at 12-28°C and Hcp2 secreted at 12-35°C, while Hcp3 secretion not detected in vitro. This study has thrown some insights on the understanding of pathogenicity mechanisms of this pathogen.
Linear RGB-D SLAM for Structured Environments

We propose a new linear RGB-D simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) formulation by utilizing planar features of the structured environments. The key idea is to understand a given structured scene and exploit its structural regularities such as the Manhattan world. This understanding allows us to decouple the camera rotation by tracking structural regularities, which makes SLAM problems free from being highly nonlinear. Additionally, it provides a simple yet effective cue for representing planar features, which leads to a linear SLAM formulation. Given an accurate camera rotation, we jointly estimate the camera translation and planar landmarks in the global planar map using a linear Kalman filter. Our linear SLAM method, called L-SLAM, can understand not only the Manhattan world but the more general scenario of the Atlanta world, which consists of a vertical direction and a set of horizontal directions orthogonal to the vertical direction. To this end, we introduce a novel tracking-by-detection scheme that infers the underlying scene structure by Atlanta representation. With efficient Atlanta representation, we formulate a unified linear SLAM framework for structured environments. We evaluate L-SLAM on a synthetic dataset and RGB-D benchmarks, demonstrating comparable performance to other state-of-the-art SLAM methods without using expensive nonlinear optimization. We assess the accuracy of L-SLAM on a practical application of augmented reality.
Bone formation effect of highly concentrated tricalcium phosphate biocomposite screws in a rabbit osteoporosis model

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of highly concentrated tricalcium phosphate (TCP) biocomposite screws on local bone formation in a rabbit model of osteoporosis induced by bilateral ovariohysterectomy (OHE). Fourteen 24‐week‐old female New Zealand rabbits (weight, 3–3.5 kg) were divided into two groups: (1) OHE and biodegradable poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) without ß–TCP plate or screw insertion (OHE/Bio ScRew [BSR]) group and (2) OHE and biocomposite PLGA with highly concentrated ß–TCP plate and screw insertion (OHE/highly concentrated ß–triCalcium phosphate [HCCP]). Both groups underwent bilateral OHE and had two different types of screws and plates inserted at the proximal tibia. Bilateral tibiae were extracted at 25 weeks post‐OHE. The extracted tibiae were scanned with ex vivo microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT). Parameters including bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb. Th), and trabecular separation (Tb. Sp) were evaluated after staining the tibial samples with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome. We then performed pathological assessments. Micro‐CT images revealed improved new bone formation near the implant in the OHE/HCCP group with higher values of BMD, BV/TV, and Tb.N but lower values of Tb. Th and Tb. Sp than the OHE/BSR group. Analyses of H&E and Masson's trichrome staining showed better new bone formation around the implant in the OHE/HCCP group than in the OHE/BSR group. The use of highly concentrated TCP biocomposite screw and plate might improve local bone formation and facilitate osteoconductivity in an osteoporotic rabbit model.
A Single Bacterium Capable of Oxidation and Reduction of Iron at Circumneutral pH

The biogeochemical cycle of iron (Fe) via reactions of oxidation, reduction, precipitation, and dissolution is involved in the cycle of other ecologically relevant elements, such as C, N, P, S, As, Co, Ni, and Pb. The Fe cycle on the Earth’s surface is driven by a variety of Fe(II)-oxidizing microorganisms and Fe(III)-reducing microorganisms. ABSTRACT Fe(II)-oxidizing microorganisms and Fe(III)-reducing microorganisms, which drive the biogeochemical Fe cycle on the Earth’s surface, are phylogenetically and ecologically diverse. However, no single organism capable of aerobic Fe(II) oxidation and anaerobic Fe(III) reduction at circumneutral pH have been reported so far. Here, we report a novel neutrophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing Rhodoferax bacterium, strain MIZ03, isolated from an iron-rich wetland in Japan. Our cultivation experiments demonstrate that MIZ03 represents a much more versatile metabolism for energy acquisition than previously recognized in the genus Rhodoferax. MIZ03 can grow chemolithoautotrophically at circumneutral pH by oxidation of Fe(II), H2, or thiosulfate as the sole electron donor under (micro)aerobic conditions (i.e., using O2 as the sole electron acceptor). In addition, it can reduce Fe(III) or nitrate under anaerobic conditions. Thus, this is the first report demonstrating the presence of a single bacterium capable of both Fe(II) oxidation and Fe(III) reduction at circumneutral pH. The observed physiology was consistent with its 4.9-Mbp complete genome encoding key genes for iron oxidation/reduction (foxEY and mtrABC), for nitrate reduction (narGHI), for thiosulfate oxidation (soxABCDXYZ), and for carbon fixation via the Calvin cycle. Our metagenomic survey suggests that there are more Rhodoferax members capable of Fe(II) oxidation and Fe(III) reduction. Such bifunctional Rhodoferax may have an ecological advantage in suboxic/anoxic environments at circumneutral pH by recycling of Fe as the electron donor and acceptor. IMPORTANCE The biogeochemical cycle of iron (Fe) via reactions of oxidation, reduction, precipitation, and dissolution is involved in the cycle of other ecologically relevant elements, such as C, N, P, S, As, Co, Ni, and Pb. The Fe cycle on the Earth’s surface is driven by a variety of Fe(II)-oxidizing microorganisms and Fe(III)-reducing microorganisms. Here, we discovered a novel bacterium, Rhodoferax sp. strain MIZ03, capable of both Fe(II) oxidation and Fe(III) reduction at circumneutral pH, and we report its physiological characteristics and complete genome sequence. The unexpected capability of this bacterium provides novel insights into the Fe cycle in the environment. Moreover, this bacterium will help to better understand the molecular mechanisms of microbial Fe redox cycling as a model organism.
The Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of the Potassium‐Competitive Acid Blocker Vonoprazan

Herein, we report a food‐effect study of vonoprazan, an oral potassium‐competitive acid blocker. In a phase 1, randomized, open‐label, crossover study, healthy subjects received a single 20‐mg dose of vonoprazan either following an overnight fast or 30 minutes after a high‐fat breakfast. Plasma vonoprazan levels were determined at 0 hour and at 17 subsequent assessment points up to 48 hours after dosing. After a 5‐day washout, subjects received a second 20‐mg vonoprazan dose in the alternative fed/fasted state (identical process repeated). Twenty‐four subjects completed the study. Vonoprazan exposure was not meaningfully affected by food. Geometric mean ratios for maximum concentration, area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 to 24 hours, and area under the plasma concentration–time curve extrapolated to infinity obtained under fed and fasting conditions were 1.05 (90% confidence interval, 0.98‐1.12), 1.13 (1.09‐1.18), and 1.15 (1.11‐1.19), respectively. Four subjects experienced 6 adverse events that were all mild and considered unrelated to the study drug. Vonoprazan can be administered without regard to food intake.
Prophylactic Administration of a Bacteriophage Cocktail Is Safe and Effective in Reducing Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Burden in Vivo

Foodborne bacterial infections cause worldwide economic loss. During an epidemic, the use of antibiotics to slow down the spread of the disease is not recommended because of their side effects on the resident microbiota and the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. ABSTRACT Nontyphoidal Salmonella bacteria are the causative agent of salmonellosis, which accounts for the majority of foodborne illness of bacterial etiology in humans. Here, we demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the prophylactic administration of a bacteriophage preparation termed FOP (foodborne outbreak pill), which contains lytic phages targeting Salmonella (SalmoFresh phage cocktail), Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), and Listeria monocytogenes, for lowering Salmonella burdens in OMM12 gnotobiotic mice. Prophylactic administration of FOP significantly reduced the levels of Salmonella in feces and in intestinal sections compared to the levels in controls. Moreover, the overall symptoms of the disease were also considerably lessened. Dose-dependent administration of FOP showed that phage amplification reached similarly high levels in less than 48 h independent of dose. In addition, 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that FOP did not alter the intestinal microbiota of healthy OMM12 mice and reduced microbiota perturbations induced by Salmonella. FOP maintained its full potency against Salmonella in comparison to that of SalmoFresh, its Salmonella-targeting component phages alone. Altogether, the data support that preventive administration of FOP may offer a safe and effective approach for reducing the risk of foodborne infections caused by Salmonella and, potentially, other foodborne bacteria (namely, STEC and L. monocytogenes) targeted by the FOP preparation. IMPORTANCE Foodborne bacterial infections cause worldwide economic loss. During an epidemic, the use of antibiotics to slow down the spread of the disease is not recommended because of their side effects on the resident microbiota and the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Here, we investigated the potential for the prophylactic administration of bacteriophages (viruses infecting bacteria) to reduce the burden of Salmonella in vivo using mice colonized by a synthetic microbiota. We found that the repeated administration of bacteriophages was safe and efficient in lowering the Salmonella burden. Perturbations of the microbiota by the Salmonella infection were also reduced when mice received bacteriophages. Altogether, these data support the use of bacteriophages as a prophylactic intervention to lower the spread of foodborne epidemics.
Diagnosis-to-surgery interval and survival for different histologies of stage I–IIA lung cancer

Background Guidelines on timeliness of lung cancer surgery are inconsistent. Lung cancer histologic subtypes have different prognosis and treatment. It is important to understand the consequences of delayed surgery for each lung cancer histologic subtype. This study aimed to examine the association between diagnosis-to-surgery time interval and survival for early stage lung cancer and selected histologic subtypes. Methods Patients diagnosed with stage I–IIA lung cancer between 2004 and 2015 receiving definitive surgery and being followed up until Dec. 31, 2018, were identified from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Histologic subtypes included adenocarcinoma, squamous or epidermoid carcinoma, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, carcinoid carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma. Diagnosis-to-surgery interval was treated as multi-categorical variables (<1, 1–2, 2–3, and ≥3 months) and binary variables (≥1 vs. <1 month, ≥2 vs. <2 months, and ≥3 vs. <3 months). Outcomes included cancer-specific and overall survival. Covariates included age at diagnosis, sex, race, marital status, tumor size, grade, surgery type, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and study period. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to examine the survival differences. Results With a median follow-up time of 51 months, a total of 40,612 patients were analyzed, including 40.1% adenocarcinoma and 24.5% squamous or epidermoid carcinoma. The proportion of patients receiving surgery <1, 1–2, 2–3, and ≥3 months from diagnosis were 34.2%, 33.9%, 19.8%, and 12.1%, respectively. Delayed surgery was associated with worse cancer-specific and overall survival for all lung cancers, adenocarcinoma, squamous or epidermoid, bronchioloalveolar, and large cell carcinoma (20–40% increased risk). Dose-dependent effects (longer delay, worse survival) were observed in all lung cancers, adenocarcinoma, and squamous and epidermoid carcinoma. No significant association between surgery delay and survival was observed in adenosquamous, carcinoid, and small cell carcinoma. Conclusions Our findings support the guidelines of undertaking surgery within 1 month from diagnosis in patients with stage I–IIA lung cancer. The observed dose-dependent effects emphasize the clinical importance of early surgery. Future studies with larger sample size of less frequent histologic subtypes are warranted to provide more evidence for histology-specific lung cancer treatment guidelines.
Partial trapeziectomy and pyrocarbon interpositional implant (Pyrodisk) for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis in the active working population: outcomes of a 10 years-experience

Abstract The treatment of trapeziometacarpal (TM) osteoarthritis is still debated, as many surgical options are available, and no technique has proven to be superior. Prosthetic treatment in this context has been described since the early 60s. Recently, the use of pyrolytic carbon-based prosthesis has revolutionized arthroplasty surgery in the hand. We performed a retrospective investigation of our surgical management of TM osteoarthritis since 2010 including the study only patients treated with partial trapeziectomy and Pyrodisk implant, with at least 5 years follow-up. After the application of inclusion criteria, 26 patients (6 males and 20 females) were retained. Despite the literature suggesting that implant TM surgery is well suited for older patients, in our experience, the procedure was mainly proposed to the young manual worker, with high demands in terms of thumb strength and stability (mean age of 53 years old, range 37–65). A statistically significant improvement in post-operative DASH, Kapandji and scores was observed. As well, strength measurements, particularly pinch strength and grip strength, increased significantly after the surgery. According to our findings, the Pyrodisk implant provides satisfactory results in terms of thumb strength and stability even in young and active patients and should therefore be considered as a valuable option in selected cases. Meticulous surgical procedure is mandatory in order to avoid complications and should therefore be executed by an expert surgeon. Abbreviation: IV: level of evidence