Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Penicillins and β-lactamase inhibitor combinations

beta-Lactamase production by bacteria continues to be one of the main mechanisms of bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, and it seems likely to remain so. beta-Lactamase inhibitors provide 1 strategy to overcome this mechanism of bacterial resistance. Although 3 beta-lactamase inhibitor/antibiotic combinations are currently available, only 1 is approved for veterinary use. Because the beta-lactamase inhibitor must be present concurrently with the antibiotic for synergistic activity, it is important to consider the pharmacokinetic profile of these drugs in combination. These combinations were developed and optimized for human patients, so it is unlikely that they would achieve the ideal plasma and tissue concentrations and ratios in veterinary patients. Indeed, several differences in pharmacokinetic variables of beta-lactam antibiotic/beta-lactamase inhibitor agents have been described in dogs, compared with people. Such pharmacokinetic differences should be considered when interpreting in vitro susceptibility results in veterinary species, because these tests use ratios of drug that were established for humans. The beta-lactamase inhibitors represent a successful example of targeted drug development. However, the currently available inhibitors are active primarily against class-A beta-lactamases. Because the frequency with which class-C beta-lactamases are recognized is rapidly increasing in human isolates, and because beta-lactamase enzymes continue to evolve, new beta-lactamase inhibitors will need to be developed to target these enzymes.
Power IGBT Modules : Design , Performance and Reliability

Improved baseplate materials are required to provide superior reliability and heat transfer as IGBT power density increases. The key is for the baseplate thermal coefficient of expansion (TCE) to be matched to the module design and to have sufficient thermal conductivity (κ). Aluminum Silicon Carbide (AlSiC), a metal matrix composite material, provides a TCE that is compatible with the attachment of dielectric substrates and IGBT silicon devices. Matching the AlSiC baseplate TCE to other materials within the IGBT module can provide more than two times longer module life by minimizing thermal stresses that cause high cycle fatigue failure. A matched TCE also eliminates the need for stress compensating compliant layers and expansion graded thick solders that increase thermal resistance and complexity of assembly. The TCE of AlSiC can be adjusted for the IGBT module design by control of the SiC volume fraction in the AlSiC composite. The AlSiC average TCE can be controlled between 7.5 and 12 ppm/°C (30 – 150°C). An AlSiC composition was chosen for the IGBT module with a TCE value of 8.39 ppm/°C (30° 150°C) and a κ value of 180 W/mK. IGBT modules with AlSiC baseplates have equivalent power dissipation and more than two-fold increased reliability over the same module with a Cu baseplate. The IGBT module reliability improves with the AlSiC baseplate because the TCE is matched to the IGBT module design. Cu baseplates have a κ value of 398 W/mK. However, the Cu baseplate TCE of 17 ppm/°C requires thermal stress compensation layers between the Cu baseplate and the dielectric ceramic. The benefit of the high Cu κ value is not fully realized because of the thermal resistance penalty associated with the stress compensating layers. The Ceramics Process Systems AlSiC module baseplates are cost-effectively fabricated to net-shape, attaining close dimensional tolerances with minimal machining. Additionally, this process allows for the fabrication of engineered bow profiles in the cast module base. The AlSiC process flow will also be outlined to illustrate how the process is used to fabricate IGBT baseplates with integrated advanced high thermal conductivity (>1000 W/mK) heat-spreading materials and recirculation cooling paths for higher power applications. Design rules, process capability, fabrication and assembly of AlSiC module baseplates will be discussed in terms of current production designs.
EXE: automatically generating inputs of death

This paper presents EXE, an effective bug-finding tool that automatically generates inputs that crash real code. Instead of running code on manually or randomly constructed input, EXE runs it on symbolic input initially allowed to be "anything. " As checked code runs, EXE tracks the constraints on each symbolic (i.e., input-derived) memory location. If a statement uses a symbolic value, EXE does not run it, but instead adds it as an input-constraint; all other statements run as usual. If code conditionally checks a symbolic expression, EXE forks execution, constraining the expression to be true on the true branch and false on the other. Because EXE reasons about all possible values on a path, it has much more power than a traditional runtime tool: (1) it can force execution down any feasible program path and (2) at dangerous operations (e.g., a pointer dereference), it detects if the current path constraints allow any value that causes a bug.When a path terminates or hits a bug, EXE automatically generates a test case by solving the current path constraints to find concrete values using its own co-designed constraint solver, STP. Because EXE's constraints have no approximations, feeding this concrete input to an uninstrumented version of the checked code will cause it to follow the same path and hit the same bug (assuming deterministic code). EXE works well on real code, finding bugs along with inputs that trigger them in: the BSD and Linux packet filter implementations, the udhcpd DHCP server, the pcre regular expression library, and three Linux file systems.
The role of forest conversion, degradation, and disturbance in the carbon dynamics of Amazon indigenous territories and protected areas

Significance For decades, Amazon indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLCs) have impeded deforestation and associated greenhouse gas emissions. While emissions inside indigenous territories (ITs) and protected natural areas (PNAs) remain well below levels outside, unsustainable forest clearing is on the rise across the nine-nation region. In addition, Amazon ITs and PNAs are increasingly vulnerable to the less conspicuous (and often-neglected) processes of forest degradation and disturbance, which diminish carbon storage and ecological integrity. The trend toward weakening of environmental protections, indigenous land rights, and the rule of law thus poses an existential threat to IPLCs and their territories. Reversing this trend is critical for the future of climate-buffering Amazon forests and the success of the Paris Agreement. Maintaining the abundance of carbon stored aboveground in Amazon forests is central to any comprehensive climate stabilization strategy. Growing evidence points to indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLCs) as buffers against large-scale carbon emissions across a nine-nation network of indigenous territories (ITs) and protected natural areas (PNAs). Previous studies have demonstrated a link between indigenous land management and avoided deforestation, yet few have accounted for forest degradation and natural disturbances—processes that occur without forest clearing but are increasingly important drivers of biomass loss. Here we provide a comprehensive accounting of aboveground carbon dynamics inside and outside Amazon protected lands. Using published data on changes in aboveground carbon density and forest cover, we track gains and losses in carbon density from forest conversion and degradation/disturbance. We find that ITs and PNAs stored more than one-half (58%; 41,991 MtC) of the region’s carbon in 2016 but were responsible for just 10% (−130 MtC) of the net change (−1,290 MtC). Nevertheless, nearly one-half billion tons of carbon were lost from both ITs and PNAs (−434 MtC and −423 MtC, respectively), with degradation/disturbance accounting for >75% of the losses in 7 countries. With deforestation increasing, and degradation/disturbance a neglected but significant source of region-wide emissions (47%), our results suggest that sustained support for IPLC stewardship of Amazon forests is critical. IPLCs provide a global environmental service that merits increased political protection and financial support, particularly if Amazon Basin countries are to achieve their commitments under the Paris Climate Agreement.
Curriculum Development in regard to Illicit Drug Abuse

ڈنوارگ کیب : قیرط فلتخم لامعتسا اک تایشنم ںیم ںورشاعم فلتخم ۔ےہ اتاج ایاپ ےس ںو لماش عوضوم اک ےنرک ہلباقم ےس تایشنم ںیم باصن یمیلعت یبط ےک کلم تقو سا ا کلسنم ےس ےبعش ےک بط ہکےہ يئگ ید ماجنا قیقحت ہی ےس ضرغ یسا ۔ےہ ںیہن ۔ےئاج ایک ہاگٓا ےس ےنرک ہلباقم ےس تایشنم وک دارف شور : ی رپ دارفا ہتسباو ےس ںوبعش یبط ےک رہش سخرس ہی ۔يئگ ید ماجنا قیقحت ہ ۔يئگ ید ماجنا ںیم ہراب روا ہرايگ رازہود قیقحت جئاتن : یک سرب سیتنیپ اطسوا رمع یک نا اھت ايگ ایک لماش ںیم قیقحت وک ںوگول نج ۔ےھت دارفا یساچپ وس کیا رک الم لکروا یھتربارب دادعت یک نیتاوخ روا ںودرم ۔ یھت د ماجنا ےس ےلیسو یتایزجت ٹرکیل عورش تداع یک تایشنم قباطم ےک ےيزجت ےئگ ےئ رکذ اک یروزمک یک یدارا توق روا تسود یداع ےک تایشنم ،لئاسم ولیرھگ ںیم ےنرک گول رثوم ہدایز ےس بس ںیم ےلاو ےنرک ددم یک دارفا یداع ےک تایشنم ۔ےہ ايگ ایک قیقحت ۔ںیہ ےئگ ےئاتب دارفا یداع ےک تایشنم قباس روا تسود ،ہناخ لھا لماش ںیم یک تایشنم جالع ےس نوڈاٹب روا جالع ںیم پمیک ،جالع ںیم لاتپسا ، قباطم ےک دارفا ۔اھت ہدایز ںیم ںودرم باختنا ہی ۔ںیہےئگ ےئاتب ےقیرط رتہب ںیم ےناڑھچ تداع تل یک تایشنم انوہ اک دارفا یداع ےک تایشنم ںیم ںوتسود ای ںیم رھگ ،انوہ ہن ٹروپس راتفرگ ہرابود ںیم روا ددم یک ںوتسود ہکبج ںیہےئگ ےئدرارق بابسا نیرت مہا ےک ےنوہ ۔ےہ يئگ يئاتب رثوم ںیم جالع بایماک تیامح یک ہناخ لھا تاشرافس : ےک تایشنم اھچیپ ےس سا روا تاناصقن ےک تلع یک ےشن دارفا یداع زمک سا یک دارفا ہتسباو ےس ںوبعش یبط ،ےھت ںیہن ہاگٓا ےس تیدافا یک ےناڑھچ وک یرو لماش وک عوضوم کیا ںیم باصن یبط ےئل ےک سا روا ےہ ترورض تیاہن یک ےنرک رود ۔ےیہاچ اناج ایک ظافلا یدیلک : ۔ےبعش یبط ،تایشنم ،یہگٓا ےک لامعتسا ےک تایشنم انال یرتہب ںیم باصن یبط ےس قلعت
Vitamin E and Mortality in Male Smokers of the ATBC Study: Implications for Nutritional Recommendations

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)-monograph (USA/Canada) states that the estimated average requirement (EAR) of vitamin E for men and women of any age is 12 mg/day. The EAR value is based on in vitro hemolysis in young males; a surrogate endpoint without any direct validity. The EAR is then extrapolated to females and older males. The validity of the EAR level is therefore questionable. Total mortality is an outcome of direct clinical relevance. Investigating the effect of long-term dietary vitamin E intake level on mortality in a randomized trial is, however, not feasible. Nevertheless, the effect of dietary vitamin E intake can be investigated indirectly from the effects of a fixed-level vitamin E supplement administered to participants on variable levels of dietary vitamin E intake. If vitamin E intake below the EAR is harmful, then vitamin E supplement should be beneficial to those people who have dietary vitamin E intake level below the EAR. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between dietary vitamin E intake and the effect of 25 mg/day of vitamin E supplement on total mortality in Finnish male smokers aged 50–69 years in the Alpha-Tocopherol-Beta-Carotene (ATBC) Study. The effect of vitamin E supplement was estimated by Cox regression. Among participants who had dietary vitamin C intake of 90 mg/day and above, vitamin E supplement increased mortality by 19% (p = 0.006) in those aged 50–62 years, but decreased mortality by 41% (p = 0.0003) in those aged 66–69 years. No association between vitamin E supplement effect and dietary vitamin E intake was found in these two groups, nor in participants who had dietary vitamin C intake less than 90 mg/day. There is no evidence in any of the analyzed subgroups that there is a difference in the effect of the 25 mg/day vitamin E supplement on males on dietary vitamin E intakes below vs. above the EAR of 12 mg/day. This analysis of the ATBC Study found no support for the ‘estimated average requirement' level of 12 mg/day of vitamin E for older males. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT00342992.
Prenatal Diagnosis, Phenotypic and Obstetric Characteristics of Holoprosencephaly

The diagnosis of fetal malformations, especially those of the central nervous system, is strikingly important in the practice of genetic counseling. Early diagnosis is very significant, not only because of the prognosis, but also because of the emotional effects caused by the accompanying craniofacial malformations. The summary of the obstetrical and diagnostical characteristics should be useful in the management of holoprosencephaly. The analysis of the 50 cases we encountered between 1981 and 2000, including the anatomical, diagnostic and clinical aspects, as well as the associated craniofacial malformations, forms the essence of our publication. In one of the examined cases a familiar recurrence was verified. Copyright © 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel Introduction In the early weeks of embryonic development, the brain consists of three parts: prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon. Between the time of neural tube closure and the 5th gestational week, the prosencephalon gives origin to telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres) and diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus), the mesencephalon forms the midbrain and rhombencephalon develops into metencephalon (pons and cerebellum) and myelencephalon (medulla oblongata). At the time of the telencephalon/diencephalon differentiation, the prosencephalon also splits longitudinally – the hemispheres develop on the lateral aspects of the longitudinal cerebral fissure by progressive enlargement and hollowing of the cerebral vesicles. Should the prechordal mesoderm fail to migrate normally [1, 2], the prosencephalon remains undivided. As a consequence, a common cerebral ventricle develops, cortex and thalamus form a single structure, and the development of olfactory and optic bulbs is upset. There is an abnormal differentiation and development of the nasofrontal process and the midline of the face (holoprosencephaly sequence). Differing degrees of disorganization are reflected in the terms alobar, lobar and semilobar (fig. 1). Among the accompanying craniofacial mal-
Role of Histone Methylation in Cognition and Effects of Different Durations of Environmental Enrichment on Learning and Memory

Part 1 Formation of stable long-term memories requires novel gene expression, and chromatin modifications have been shown to be involved in mediating the de novo gene expression which is necessary for memory formation. Although the role of histone acetylation and different histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferases (HATs) in learning and memory has been studied quite extensively, the knowledge concerning the role of histone methylation – another important histone modification – in learning and memory is lacking. I have characterized the transgenic mouse line in which the Mll2 gene is conditionally knocked down at adult stage in the forebrain excitatory neurons by the Cre-LoxP system, with Cre recombinase being expressed under CamKII promoter in order to ensure recombination specifically in forebrain glutamatergic neurons knock-out mice being denoted as “F/F CKII
Image Enhancement using Generative Adversarial Networks

Mobile Photography has been brought to a significantly new level in the last several years. The quality of images taken by the compact lenses of a smartphone have now appreciably increased. Now, even some of the lowend phones of the market spectrum are able to take exceedingly good photos in suitable availability of lighting, due to the advancement in numerous software methods for processing the images post capture. However, despite these tools, these cameras still fall behind the aesthetic capabilities of their DSLR counterparts. In the quest to achieve high quality images through a smartphone camera, various image semantics are inadvertently ignored leading to a less artistic image quality than a professional camera. Although numerous techniques for manual as well as computerized image enhancement tasks do exist, they are generally only focused on brightness or contrast and other such global parameters of the image and does not go on to improve the content or texture of the image and neither do they take the various semantics of the image into account. Moreover, they are usually based on a predetermined set of rules that never considers the actual device specifics that is capturing the image — the smartphone camera. For our enhancement, we have endeavored to use a unique deep learning technique to transform lower quality images from a smartphone camera into DSLRquality images. To enhance the image sharpness, we have used an error function that combines the three losses the content, texture and color loss from the given image. By training on the large-scale DSLR Photo Enhancement Dataset, we have optimized the loss function using Generative Adversarial Networks. The end results produced after testing on a number of smartphone images yield enhanced quality images comparable to the DSLR images with an average SSIM score of approximately 0.95. Index terms image enhancement neural networks generative adversarial networks gans deep convolutional neural-networks generator loss vgg loss multi-component loss function ssim score comparison
“It was God’s will”: Continuing pregnancy after perinatal infection by Zika virus*

Objective: to understand the influence of the religious beliefs on the decision of a group of women residing in the Huila Department to continue their pregnancies despite perinatal infection by the Zika virus. Method: a focused ethnography. The participants were 21 women who had presented a perinatal infection by the Zika virus and whose babies were born with congenital microcephaly. 2 discussion groups and 6 semi-structured interviews were conducted, and thematic analysis was used for data treatment. Results: three themes emerged, namely: “God, why me? ” is the initial questioning of the women to God for the prenatal diagnosis of microcephaly in their babies, “Clinging to a divine miracle” describes how the women did not lose their faith and begged for a divine miracle for their babies to be born healthy, and “It was God’s will” means acceptance, resignation, and respect for God’s will, as well as the denial to abort despite the medical recommendations. Conclusion: religiosity and religious beliefs were determinant factors in the women’s decision to continue their pregnancies. It becomes necessary to continue investigating this theme to understand their experiences and to generate follow-up and support actions from nursing care.
PETROLOGICAL AND PETROPHYSICAL IMPLICATIONS OF MAGNESIAN CLAYS IN BRAZILIAN PRE-SALT DEPOSITS

Marine carbonate reservoir formation evaluation is typically not concerned about the presence of clays, provided that the deposition of good quality carbonate platform facies is normally limited to clear waters. Conversely, the South Atlantic lacustrine Pre-Salt deposits contain abundant magnesian clays (e.g., kerolite, stevensite, mixed-layer kerolite-stevensite, sepiolite, and saponite), associated to the bioclastic and chemical carbonate reservoirs. These clay minerals precipitated under extreme alkaline environmental conditions, and are peculiar in terms of composition (e.g. kerolite (Ca0,03Sr0,02Na0,01) (Mg2,88Al0,01) Si4.02 O10 (OH)2.nH2O) and occurrence, exhibiting laminated, massive, ooidal, peloidal, and coating habits. They are very distinct from the conventional detrital or common diagenetic clays that occur in siliciclastic reservoirs, requiring different petrophysical interpretation models. For instance, the conventional approach for clay content evaluation using gamma rays is not adequate, considering that Mg-clays are poor in radioactive elements such as potassium. Moreover, the density versus neutron cross-plot does not display a clear contrast pattern between clean reservoirs and clay-rich rocks. On the other hand, NMR logs exhibit a highly distinctive clay bound water relaxation time (<3ms) in Mg-clays-rich intervals, similar to a shale pattern, even though the proportion of such clays in relation to carbonates (calcite and dolomite) is rarely higher than 30%. In addition, Mg-clays strongly affect sonic logs, decreasing both shear and compressional velocities, which can be useful to identify them in cross-plots of density versus interval transit time. Mg-clays are quite unstable minerals, what resulted in their dissolution and/or replacement by other minerals. A reasonable amount of porosity within Pre-Salt reservoirs has been interpreted as secondary, formed by dissolution of these clays. They are absent in many wells. However, in some areas, Mg-clays-rich carbonates may be thicker than 200 meters. The intervals with abundant preserved Mg-clays are not considered reservoirs, as, despite their fair porosity, they have very low permeability (<.1mD). In contrast, preserved Mg-clays are scarce in the reservoir facies, indicating that either Mg-clays were not deposited in those areas and/or periods, or that they were dissolved soon after deposition, due to changes in the chemistry of the lacustrine fluids, or later during burial diagenesis. Therefore, the understanding, evaluation and prediction of Mg-clays occurrence are of paramount importance for the petrophysical interpretation in the exploration and development of Pre-Salt reservoirs.
“Mobility as a Service” Platforms: A Critical Path towards Increasing the Sustainability of Transportation Systems

Urban mobility is experiencing a profound change. Mobility patterns are becoming more complex, and typical home–work–home travel is no longer the rule, as journeys tend to connect multiple points in a rather inconstant pattern. This has changed the approach to transport planning. Existing transportation planning and operation approaches have been focussed on the ability to identify and forecast typical home–work/school–home travel and subsequently plan the transport system accordingly. The traditional approach has been: Forecast - > plan - > deliver. New mobility patterns and mobility solutions are characterised by greater flexibility, taking advantage of the “sharing concept” and simultaneously providing solutions that have lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These dynamics and an evolving environment raise several new challenges at different levels, fostering the development of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS). This system transforms the physical transportation system into a commodity and takes advantage of the internet of things (IoT). However, the onset of MaaS solutions is anything but linear. Several business models have emerged, with different partners originating from different industries (e.g., technological, transport operators, infrastructure managers, etc.) developing their own solutions, often in competition with others. It is not unusual to find different MaaS solutions in the same city, which integrate different solutions. This paper intends to provide an analysis on the main challenges affecting mobility in general, and MaaS in particular, as well as the main business models used for delivering MaaS solutions. The paper uses a case study in Lisbon to illustrate some of the challenges.