Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution tectono-métamorphique d'un segment de la chaîne hercynienne : rôle du plutonisme dans la caractérisation des tectoniques du sud-limousin (massif central francais)

Dans le massif central, le sud limousin est constitue de quatre unites tectoniques structurees d'w en e par le decrochement d'estivaux, l'antiforme de Tulle et la faille d'Argentat. Au devonien moyen, l'unite superieure des gneiss est charriee du ne vers le sw sur l'unite inferieure des gneiss. Au devonien terminal, un deuxieme episode tangentiel provoque le charriage du se vers le nw de l'usg et l'uig reunies, sur le para-autochtone, et la mise en place de l'unite de thiviers sur ces unites gneissiques. Cette structuration s'inscrit dans un modele d'evolution polycyclique du Massif Central. Au tournaisien la tectonique decrochante est responsable du decrochement senestre d'estivaux. L'important magmatisme granitique de cette periode induit la mise en place des plutons d'estivaux, et du coeur de l'antiforme de Tulle. Dans le Sud Limousin, l'extension d'age viseen est materialisee par la faille ductile normale-dextre d'Argentat dont le jeu est contemporain de la mise en place des granites du Millevaches. Le jeu ductile de la faille et la mise en place des granites, s'accompagnent de paragenese de ht/mp puis mt/bp et enfin bt/bp, traduisant un chemin pt retrograde, caracteristique de l'extension crustale. Au stephanien le jeu fragile de la faille d'Argentat est responsable de la circulation de fluides mineralisateurs en arsenic et en or. La caracterisation geometrique des megastructures et des granitoides, ainsi que l'interpretation de donnees geophysiques et geochimiques nous a permis de construire un modele 3d du paleochamp hydrothermal le long de la faille d'Argentat. Le granite d'estivaux souligne le decrochement senestre. Les granites de chanteix, s#t#e Fortunade et Albussac sont localisees au coeur de l'antiforme de Tulle. Enfin, granites du Millevaches jalonnent la faille d'Argentat. Ces derniers n'ont ete etudies que succinctement, mais le granite de chambles, a l'ouest de St Etienne, donne une bonne image d'un pluton a proximite d'une faille normale. L'etude petrostructurale de ces massifs montre qu'il s'agit de plutons syntectoniques. La petrofabrique des axes du quartz et l'analyse des dislocations par met permettent de caracteriser les mecanismes de la deformation du quartz. L'etude structurale, et l'interpretation des donnees gravimetriques permet de definir des modeles de mise en place.
Changements hydroclimatiques depuis 13 000 ans b. P. Au tibet oriental et au nord de xinjiang (chine). Approche par l'etudes de quelque enregistrements lacustres

Le but de ce travail est d'etablir la chronologie des changements climatiques a moyen et court terme pendant le tardiglaciaire et l'holocene a partir de donnes sedimentologiques et isotopiques obtenus sur des carottes du lac aibi au nord de xinjiang (chine) et des lacs madoi et donxi dans la partie orientale du plateau tibetain. A aibi, apres la caracterisation chimique, isotopique et physico-chimique des eaux du lac, l'etude des lamines par des analyses sedimentologiques (granulometrie et mineralogie des differents couplets), les mesures des isotopes stables (#1#8o et #1#3c) sur carbonates authigenes ainsi que les variations des epaisseurs des lamines a mis en evidence le caractere saisonnier des lamines. Les analyses spectrales appliquees aux variations d'epaisseur des lamines mettent en evidence des periodicites liees aux oscillations quasibiennales (2 a 3 ans) et aux cycles solaires (10-11 ans). A l'est du plateau tibetain, l'etude sedimentologique et isotopique des carottes du lac madoi et donxi montre des conditions climatiques plus humides et plus chaudes qu'aujourd'hui a l'holocene inferieur et moyen. L'enregistrement sedimentaire du lac madoi montre une ou plusieurs petites phases lacustres, ou fluvio-lacustres des environ 13000-12000 ans bp. Une periode de grande aridite se situe dans la chronozone du younger dryas. A partir de 10000 ans les trois lacs se remplissent avec des eaux isotopiquement tres diluees. La transition tardiglaciaire-holocene parait extremement abrupte et se situe vers 10000 ans bp aussi bien au nord-xinjiang qu'a l'est du plateau tibetain, confirmant les resultats obtenus anterieurement sur le qinghai et le nord-xinjiang. Apres la phase d'optimum hydrologique de l'holocene inferieur et moyen, le retour vers des conditions plus seches s'amorce des 6000 ou 5000 ans. Apres 3000 ans bp les conditions hydrologiques sont dans l'ensemble voisines des conditions actuelles. Nos principaux resultats sont en accord avec les grandes tendances regionales et meme globales, depuis le tardiglaciaire jusqu'a l'actuel, pour l'hemisphere nord.
Clear-Sky UV-B trends over Northern Midlatitudes derived from TOMS Low-Reflectivity Footprint Measurements

This study investigates the distribution of clear-sky ultraviolet-B (UV-B, wavelengths 290-320 nm) trends in northern midlatitudes using 1979-1991 Nimbus 7 total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) version 7 low-reflectivity (R<0.2) total ozone footprint measurements. The incorporation of essentially cloud-free ozone data from TOMS provides a direct method for separating transient cloud effects from anthropogenic and other dynamical factors present in UV-B. This study has also included both National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) microwave sounding unit channel 4 (MSU4) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) 500 hPa temperature (T500) fields in our trend models to improve UV-Index (UVI) trend statistics and to investigate the effects of interannual changes in UVI caused by synoptic-scale (horizontal wavelengths 4000-8000 km) and planetary-scale (horizontal wavelengths greater than 8000 km) dynamical events. Clear-sky UVI trends in the northern midlatitudes show large increases (exceeding 10 % per decade) and distinct regional variability especially during winter-spring months which can be attributed to topography and dynamical forcing effects. In the UV-important summer-autumn months, these trends are more uniformly distributed and still statistically significant, although smaller at around +2 to +3 % per decade. Specifically, during April largest increases in midlatitude UVI are seen to extend from near the dateline eastward across North America. In June months largest UVI increases occur over the east Asian continent with values around +5 to +6 % per decade. These increases in UVI over both the Pacific and Asian continent regions persist through summer into Autumn. In the the European sector, statistically significant increases in clear-sky UVI are found over central Europe with values around +2 to +3 % per decade and +8 to +9 % per decade during summer and winter-spring months, respectively. Over the nearby Mediterranean region these seasonal trends are around +2 to +3 and +5 to +6 % per decade.
Photonic Band Gap Materials-Theory, Techniques and Application

Photonic Band Gap (PBG) materials are a relatively new frontier for research that allow for control of the propagation of EM waves in desired directions and at desired frequencies. The PBG materials essentially have periodic refractive index in one-, two-, or three- dimensions in the order of wavelength of the EM wave. These PBG materials take advantage of the interaction of Photons with the periodicity of the dielectric materials. Due to periodic nature certain band gap exists in the material and photons at frequencies corresponding to the band gap (or stop band) are forbidden to pass through the material. After its inception almost three decades back, extensive research has been carried out in this domain and various structures have been proposed that are able to interact with light at Photon level and produce astonishing results. They are also a perfect solution for high-frequency operation since metallic waveguides tend to be lossy at higher (especially optical) frequencies. In this paper, a review shall be presented encompassing important aspects of PBG materials including their structures, properties, potential applications, available tools for their analysis and future research trends.
Standardized Subsets of the HGDP‐CEPH Human Genome Diversity Cell Line Panel, Accounting for Atypical and Duplicated Samples and Pairs of Close Relatives

The HGDP‐CEPH Human Genome Diversity Cell Line Panel is a widely‐used resource for studies of human genetic variation. Here, pairs of close relatives that have been included in the panel are identified. Together with information on atypical and duplicated samples, the inferred relative pairs suggest standardized subsets of the panel for use in future population‐genetic studies.
Synergistic Network Connectivity among Urban Areas Based on Non-Linear Model of Housing Prices Dynamics

Abstract The assumption of a strong positive relationship between the specificity of an urban area and the operation of the housing market, which responds to megatrends in the market environment, has been the foundation of the research concept adopted for this study. The study treats the housing markets as complex, adaptive dynamic systems which develop through synergistic network responses. This paper employs a nonlinear critically-damped harmonic oscillator model and phase diagrams to describe the dynamics of housing prices (in the years 2006-2016) in order to demonstrate the synergistic network connections in selected Polish cities. In another important part of the study, the authors propose to employ non-classical dynamic measures, i.e. the absolute time of delay, relaxation time and a long-term level of equilibrium. The study has shown that network connections are strongly synchronized during periods of housing market instability (2006-2007), whereas the process of unsynchronization is observed during a period of stability (2008-2016). Moreover, phase diagrams have been used to demonstrate the similarity of trends in housing prices as well as the shapes of individual trajectories and the existence of multiple points of quasi-equilibrium.
Transients: Mammal-Hunting Killer Whales of British Columbia, Washington, and Southeastern Alaska

Preface and Acknowledgments Natural History of Transient Killer Whales Population Identity, Range and Size Seasonal and Annual Distribution Feeding Habits Social Structure Vocal Behaviour and Dialects Population Parameters Watching Transient Killer Whales Transient Activities and Behaviours Where to find transients Watching transients without disturbing them Catalogue of Transient Killer Whales Determining Community Membership The Naming System Catalogue composition and organization Sex and Year of Birth
MOBY, a Radiometric Buoy for Performance Monitoring and Vicarious Calibration of Satellite Ocean Color Sensors: Measurement and Data Analysis Protocols

The Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) is the centerpiece of the primary ocean measurement site for calibration of satellite ocean color sensors based on independent in situ measurements. Since late 1996, the time series of normalized water-leaving radiances L(sub WN)(lambda) determined from the array of radiometric sensors attached to MOBY are the primary basis for the on-orbit calibrations of the USA Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), the Japanese Ocean Color and Temperature Sensor (OCTS), the French Polarization Detection Environmental Radiometer (POLDER), the German Modular Optoelectronic Scanner on the Indian Research Satellite (IRS1-MOS), and the USA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). The MOBY vicarious calibration L(sub WN)(lambda) reference is an essential element in the international effort to develop a global, multi-year time series of consistently calibrated ocean color products using data from a wide variety of independent satellite sensors. A longstanding goal of the SeaWiFS and MODIS (Ocean) Science Teams is to determine satellite-derived L(sub WN)(labda) with a relative combined standard uncertainty of 5 %. Other satellite ocean color projects and the Sensor Intercomparison for Marine Biology and Interdisciplinary Oceanic Studies (SIMBIOS) project have also adopted this goal, at least implicitly. Because water-leaving radiance contributes at most 10 % of the total radiance measured by a satellite sensor above the atmosphere, a 5 % uncertainty in L(sub WN)(lambda) implies a 0.5 % uncertainty in the above-atmosphere radiance measurements. This level of uncertainty can only be approached using vicarious-calibration approaches as described below. In practice, this means that the satellite radiance responsivity is adjusted to achieve the best agreement, in a least-squares sense, for the L(sub WN)(lambda) results determined using the satellite and the independent optical sensors (e.g. MOBY). The end result of this approach is to implicitly absorb unquantified, but systematic, errors in the atmospheric correction, incident solar flux, and satellite sensor calibration into a single correction factor to produce consistency with the in situ data.
THE CURRENT ACCOUNT

In the first half of this year the current account deficit widened sharply to £5.6bn, well above the Chancellor's full-year Budget forecast of £4bn and our own most recent forecast of £5bn. In this Forecast Release, we show that imports have continued to grow very rapidly but export growth has slowed down. This is in contrast to 1987 when exports were strong, very nearly keeping pace with imports. It can be said therefore that this year's balance of payments deterioration owes more to a failure of exports than to rising imports. As to why this has happened, we show that part of the explanation is a two-year decline in UK competitiveness but that the more important cause is the continuing strength of domestic demand which has not only sucked in imports but also diverted possible exports to the home market.
HyperNaut: a navigator for the hyperbolic plane

Several recent works have presented methods for embeddings graphs (Ben Chamberlain & Clough, 2017) (Nickel & Kiela, 2017) (Nickel & Kiela, 2018) and words (Leimeister & Wilson, 2018) (Dhingra, Shallue, Norouzi, Dai, & Dahl, 2018) in hyperbolic space. HyperNaut provides researchers in machine learning with a much-needed mechanism for inspecting the hyperbolic embeddings resulting from their algorithms using a navigable visualisation on the Poincaré disc. Consisting entirely of client-side JavaScript, the software is able to run locally in any modern web browser.
Learning similarity functions for topic detection in online reputation monitoring

Reputation management experts have to monitor--among others--Twitter constantly and decide, at any given time, what is being said about the entity of interest (a company, organization, personality.). Solving this reputation monitoring problem automatically as a topic detection task is both essential--manual processing of data is either costly or prohibitive--and challenging--topics of interest for reputation monitoring are usually fine-grained and suffer from data sparsity. We focus on a solution for the problem that (i) learns a pairwise tweet similarity function from previously annotated data, using all kinds of content-based and Twitter-based features; (ii) applies a clustering algorithm on the previously learned similarity function. Our experiments indicate that (i) Twitter signals can be used to improve the topic detection process with respect to using content signals only; (ii) learning a similarity function is a flexible and efficient way of introducing supervision in the topic detection clustering process. The performance of our best system is substantially better than state-of-the-art approaches and gets close to the inter-annotator agreement rate. A detailed qualitative inspection of the data further reveals two types of topics detected by reputation experts: reputation alerts / issues (which usually spike in time) and organizational topics (which are usually stable across time).
Communication, collaboration, and bugs: the social nature of issue tracking in small, collocated teams

Issue tracking systems help organizations manage issue reporting, assignment, tracking, resolution, and archiving. Traditionally, it is the Software Engineering community that researches issue tracking systems, where software defects are reported and tracked as 'bug reports' within an archival database. Yet, as issue tracking is fundamentally a social process, it is important to understand the design and use of issue tracking systems from that perspective. Consequently, we conducted a qualitative study of issue tracking systems as used by small, collocated software development teams. We found that an issue tracker is not just a database for tracking bugs, features, and inquiries, but also a focal point for communication and coordination for many stakeholders within and beyond the software team. Customers, project managers, quality assurance personnel, and programmers all contribute to the shared knowledge and persistent communication that exists within the issue tracking system. These results were all the more striking because in spite of teams being collocated--which afforded frequent, face-to-face communication--the issue tracker was still used as a fundamental communication channel. We articulate various real-world practices surrounding issue trackers and offer design considerations for future systems.
Monetary Policy, Asset Prices, and Liquidity in Over-the-Counter Markets

We revisit a traditional topic in monetary economics: the relationship between asset prices and monetary policy. We study a model in which money helps facilitate trade in decentralized markets, as in Lagos andWright (2005), and real assets are traded in an over-the-counter (OTC) market, as in Duffie, G? arleanu, and Pedersen (2005). Agents wish to hold liquid portfolios, but liquidity comes at a cost: inflation. The OTC market serves as a secondary asset market, in which agents can rebalance their positions depending on their liquidity needs. Hence, a contribution of our paper is to provide a micro-founded explanation of the assumption that different investors have different valuations for the same asset, which is the key for generating gains from trade in the Duffie et al framework. In equilibrium, assets can be priced higher than their fundamental value because they help agents avoid the inflation tax.
Design and Implementation of Wireless Ad Hoc Smart Metering System for Power Quality

In order to facilitate the advanced measurement system with real-time interaction in smart grid and to satisfy the requirements for power quality management, a wireless ad hoc smart metering system for power quality using Internet of things (IoTs) technology is presented in the paper. By utilizing the energy metering module to collect energy information, the ZigBee ad hoc networks to transmit energy information, and the user monitoring terminal to support power grids management, the proposed system is able to efficiently realize the power quality information collection, transmission, processing and sharing. Experimental results demonstrate that the system performs real-time and precious monitoring of the distributed client power quality information, together with friendly and intelligent interaction capability.
Participation in continuing vocational training in Germany between 1989 and 2008

The question of who participates in continuing vocational training and who does not remains critical in a society in which the importance of lifelong learning is assumed. On the basis of the SOEP data collection periods of 1989, 1993, 2000, 2004 and 2008, I will describe participation in continuing vocational training in Germany over this time frame, and explain it in relation to two prominent theories used in the economics of education – the human capital theory and the theory of labour market segmentation.
Activity, ranging, and habitat use by rodents in county Durham

The activity, home - ranging, and habitat use behaviour of two species of rodent, Apodemus sylvaticus (L.), the wood mouse, and Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber), the bank vole, was investigated over a period of 14 weeks in two contrasting habitats. In farmland, woodmice utilised the rough vegetation around a crop of winter - sown wheat as a nest site, and probably as a food source, while the field surface also formed part of the home range of many animals studied. Weather conditions had little effect on the capture success of woodmice in farmland. Bank voles were caught exclusively in the boundaries around the edge of the field. Home range sizes and levels of activity of woodmice in woodland were lower than those of animals in farmland. Capture success of woodmice was not related to vegetative cover in woodland. Bankvoles were caught preferentially in scrub vegetation in all weather conditions, though weather was an important factor in capture success under other catagories of vegetation. The extent of intersexual range overlap of bankvoles in woodland fell significantly during the period of the study though no other changes were apparent for either species. Home range sizes and levels of activity were consistently lower than those reported in other studies.
Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches « Des effets de l'exercice physique régulier sur les performances cognitives des seniors, à la recherche de leurs marqueurs neuro-physiologiques »

Les travaux presentes dans ce document s’interessent aux effets du vieillissement sur le fonctionnement cognitif et sensorimoteur de l’individu et aux effets potentiellement benefiques de l’exercice physique regulier sur ce vieillissement normal et pathologique. Ce document comporte trois grandes parties qui correspondent aux trois axes majeurs de mes recherches. La premiere partie, dediee aux effets du vieillissement normal, aborde les relations qu’entretiennent les processus de controle sensorimoteurs et les processus de plus haut niveau comme l’apprentissage ou les fonctions executives au cours du vieillissement de l’individu. L’objectif de ces travaux etait de mieux comprendre et caracteriser l’interdependance qu’entretiennent ces processus et de montrer que ces relations sont de plus en plus intimes au cours du vieillissement normal, entrainant une permeabilite de plus en plus importante entre comportement sensorimoteur et processus cognitifs de haut niveau. La deuxieme partie developpe plus precisement les travaux examinant les benefices de l’exercice physique regulier sur le vieillissement de ces grandes fonctions cognitives et sensorimotrices. Un premier chapitre aborde la question importante du caractere global ou specifique de ces benefices en fonction des processus cognitifs investigues, au cours du vieillissement normal. Un second chapitre aborde plus specifiquement l’interet de l’exercice physique regulier dans l’amelioration des performances cognitives et motrices au cours du vieillissement pathologique chez des personnes âgees atteintes de demence de type Alzheimer. La troisieme partie s’interesse a la recherche des marqueurs physiologiques et neurophysiologiques, comme potentiels mecanismes responsables de la relation entre exercice physique et vitalite cognitive chez les seniors. Un premier chapitre aborde les relations entre sante cardiovasculaire et performance cognitive, notamment a travers l’analyse de la variabilite de la frequence cardiaque (VFC) au repos. Le second chapitre cherche a caracteriser les correlats neurophysiologiques des benefices de l’exercice physique sur le fonctionnement cognitif en s’appuyant sur une technique d’imagerie cerebrale optique ; la spectroscopie dans le proche infrarouge a ondes continues. De nouvelles perspectives de recherche, au-dela du developpement des projets en cours presentes a la fin de chaque chapitre, sont proposees dans la derniere partie du document.