Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topological D-Class Physics with Passive Acoustic Elements

In this work, we supply an engineering solution that paves the way to the implementation of the full classiﬁcation table of topological insulators with passive acoustic crystals. As an example, we design an acoustic crystal displaying the full range of characteristics of a topological insulator from class D, such as non-trivial Chern numbers and an exact particle-hole symmetry for both bulk and edge dynamics. The key is a particular geometry of the acoustic resonators that facilitates a large number of independent and equal-strength couplings, eight to be precise, such that the mode-coupling theory remains accurate. The latter enables us to implement with high ﬁdelity the de-complexiﬁed tight-binding model generating the topological phases from class D in 2-dimensions, previously announced in [1]. The successful realization of a topological acoustic crystal from class D paves the way to the observation of the Majorana-like modes stabilized by π -ﬂuxes.
Learning to Compose Soft Prompts for Compositional Zero-Shot Learning

We introduce compositional soft prompting (CSP), a parameter-efficient learning technique to improve the zero-shot compositionality of large-scale pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP. We develop CSP for compositional zero-shot learning, the task of predicting unseen attribute-object compositions (e.g., old cat and young tiger). VLMs have a flexible text encoder that can represent arbitrary classes as natural language prompts but they often underperform task-specific architectures on the compositional zero-shot benchmark datasets. CSP treats the attributes and objects that define classes as learnable tokens of vocabulary. During training, the vocabulary is tuned to recognize classes that compose tokens in multiple ways (e.g., old cat and white cat). At test time, we recompose the learned attribute-object vocabulary in new combinations to recognize novel classes. We show that CSP outperforms the CLIP on benchmark datasets by an average of 10.9 percentage points on AUC. CSP also outperforms CoOp, a soft prompting method that fine-tunes the prefix context tokens, by an average of 5.8 percentage points on AUC. We perform additional experiments to show that CSP improves generalization to higher-order attribute-attribute-object compositions (e.g., old white cat) and combinations of pretrained attributes and fine-tuned objects. The code is available at https://github.com/BatsResearch/csp.
Analysis of Different Losses for Deep Learning Image Colorization

Image colorization aims to add color information to a grayscale image in a realistic way. Recent methods mostly rely on deep learning strategies. While learning to automatically colorize an image, one can define well-suited objective functions related to the desired color output. Some of them are based on a specific type of error between the predicted image and ground truth one, while other losses rely on the comparison of perceptual properties. But, is the choice of the objective function that crucial, i.e., does it play an important role in the results? In this chapter, we aim to answer this question by analyzing the impact of the loss function on the estimated colorization results. To that goal, we review the different losses and evaluation metrics that are used in the literature. We then train a baseline network with several of the reviewed objective functions: classic L1 and L2 losses, as well as more complex combinations such as Wasserstein GAN and VGG-based LPIPS loss. Quantitative results show that the models trained with VGG-based LPIPS provide overall slightly better results for most evaluation metrics. Qualitative results exhibit more vivid colors when with Wasserstein GAN plus the L2 loss or again with the VGG-based LPIPS. Finally, the convenience of quantitative user studies is also discussed to overcome the difficulty of properly assessing on colorized images, notably for the case of old archive photographs where no ground truth is available.
Memory eﬀects on bidirectional Teleportation

In this contribution, we have investigated the bidirectional quantum teleportation ( BQT ) of single qubit states using a Bell state inﬂuenced by decoherence channels with memory, dephasing and amplitude damping channels. The expressions of the negativity, as a measure of the entanglement remaining in the BQT quantum channel, the teleportation ﬁdelities and the quantum Fisher information are also evaluated. We ﬁnd that both these last quantities depend on the survival amount of entanglement in the BQT quantum channel, on the decoherence factor and on the correlation degree of the decoherence channel. We show that in the Markovian regime, the Negativity, the teleportation average ﬁdelities and the quantum Fisher information are slightly enhanced by considering the classical channel correlations. Besides, in the non-Markovian regime, these three quantities could be improved for a long period of time.
An Effective Coaxiality Measurement for Twist Drill Based on Line Structured Light Sensor

Aiming at the accurate and effective coaxiality measurement of twist drills with irregular surface, an optical measurement mechanism is proposed in this article. First, a high-precision rotation instrument based on four core units is designed, which can obtain 3-D point cloud data of twist drills at all angles. Second, in the data processing stage, an improved robust Gaussian mixture model is proposed for accurate and rapid blade back segmentation. To improve the measurement efficiency, a rapid reconstruction method of twist drill axis based on orthogonal synthesis is proposed, which can rapidly locate the maximum deviation between the actual axis and the reference by using the extracted blade back data. Finally, by calculating the maximum radial Euclidean distance from the benchmark, the coaxiality error of the twist drill is obtained. Compared with other measurement methods, the experimental results show that our proposed method performs well with high efficiency of less than 3 s/pc and the average measurement error is about 0.020 mm. The experimental results and uncertainty analysis show that the proposed method is effective and automatic and can be applied to the coaxiality measurement of twist drills of various specifications.
Entropy production and fluctuation theorems in a continuously monitored optical cavity at zero temperature

Fluctuation theorems allow one to make generalised statements about the behaviour of thermodynamic quantities in systems that are driven far from thermal equilibrium. In this article we use Crooks' fluctuation theorem to understand the entropy production of a continuously measured, zero temperature quantum system; namely an optical cavity measured via homodyne detection. At zero temperature, if one uses the classical definition of inverse temperature β, then the entropy production becomes divergent. Our analysis shows that the entropy production can be well defined at zero temperature by considering the entropy produced in the measurement record leading to an effective inverse temperature βeff which does not diverge. We link this result to the Cramér-Rao inequality and show that the product of the Fisher information of the work distribution with the entropy production is bounded below by half of the square of the effective inverse temperature βeff. This inequality indicates that there is a minimal amount of entropy production that is paid to acquire information about the work done to a quantum system driven far from equilibrium.
Deep learning method for identifying mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays

We introduce a novel method for identifying the mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays using deep learning. The key idea of the method is to use a chain of two neural networks. The first network predicts the type of a primary particle for individual events, while the second infers the mass composition of an ensemble of events. We apply this method to the Monte-Carlo data for the Telescope Array Surface Detectors readings, on which it yields an unprecedented low error of 7% for 4-component approximation. We also discuss the problems of applying the developed method to the experimental data, and the way they can be resolved.
On the wave turbulence theory for a stochastic KdV type equation -- Generalization for the inhomogeneous kinetic limit

Starting from a stochastic Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) equation on a lattice, the previous work [ST21] by the last two authors gave a derivation of the homogeneous 3-wave kinetic equation at the kinetic limit under very general assumptions: the initial condition is out of equilibrium, the dimension $d\ge 2$, the smallness of the nonlinearity $\lambda$ is allowed to be independent of the size of the lattice, the weak noise is chosen not to compete with the weak nonlinearity and not to inject energy into the equation. In the present work, we build on the framework of [ST21], following the formal derivation of Spohn [Spo06] and inspired by previous work [HO21] of the first author and Olla, so that the inhomogeneous 3-wave kinetic equation can also be obtained at the kinetic limit under analogous assumptions. Similar to the homogeneous case -- and unlike the cubic nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation -- the inhomogeneous kinetic description of the deterministic lattice ZK equation is unlikely to happen due to the vanishing of the dispersion relation on a certain singular manifold on which not only $3$-wave interactions but also all $n$-wave interactions ($n\ge3$) are allowed to happen, a phenomenon first observed by Lukkarinen [Luk07]. To the best of our knowledge, our work provides the first rigorous derivation of a nonlinear inhomogeneous wave kinetic equation in the kinetic limit.
The Fermat-Torricelli problem in the projective plane

We pose and study the Fermat-Torricelli problem for a triangle in the projective plane under the sine distance. Our main finding is that if every side of the triangle has length greater than $\sin 60^\circ $, then the Fermat-Torricelli point is the vertex opposite the longest side. Our proof relies on a complete characterization of the equilateral case together with a deformation argument.
Quench analysis of a novel compact superconducting cyclotron

Design and analysis of a compact superconducting cyclotron dedicated for medical applications in the fields of nuclear medicine and therapy is presently being pursued in our organization. The novelty of this cyclotron lies in the fact that it does not consist of any iron-pole. The cyclotron magnet will be made of a set of NbTi coils comprising of solenoid and sector coils which are housed in two halves on either sides of the median plane. The average magnetic field is 1.74 T and the maximum extraction energy is 25 MeV, which is sufficient for production of 99mTc from Mo. In this paper, quench analyses of the coils have been discussed in details considering adiabatic condition. The entire cryostat magnet along with coils, formers and support links were modelled for the quench simulation. Self and mutual inductances of all the coils were obtained from a separate magnetic analysis and used in the simulation. Parametric analyses were carried out with different quench initiation energy at various critical locations on the coil surface. The corresponding quench behaviour, i.e. maximum temperature rise, maximum voltage and current decay in each of the coils have been studied.
Synthesis Tuning for Manufacturing Carbon Hybrid Materials

sock while Fig. 8(b) shows a low-density sock. Improved injection tuning could provide a continuous high-density sock. Our hypothesis is CHM fabric, Fig. 8(c) , can be manufactured at a higher rate and with customized properties using particle injection. Besides showing the need to improve the stability of the particle injection, which is mainly a mechanical design problem, this experiment also indicated that mixing ferrocene with the NPs and injecting them separately from the fuel seems to make the sock formation more uniform as compared to injecting Zn NPs with the fuel in the mixer. A higher percentage of NPs can be injected when they are mixed with ferrocene. The optimal ratio of NPs to ferrocene, and the possibilities to compound NP mixtures using different metals need to be investigated. Overall, the CHM process is an emerging technology and some of the first results evaluating this new process are presented in this paper.
IL-6 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Invasion by Releasing Exosomal miR-133a-3p

Interleukin-6 (IL-6), an important inflammatory cytokine, is a key factor regulating cancer metastasis. Cancer cells can modulate their tumorigenic abilities by sorting specific microRNAs (miRNAs) as exosomes into the tumor microenvironment. The relationship between IL-6 and exosomal miRNAs related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis remains to be elucidated. We examined the metastatic ability of HCC cells after IL-6 treatment and found that miR-133a-3p was sorted into exosomes after IL-6 stimulation and was subsequently released into the tumor microenvironment. In vitro analysis confirmed that exosomal miR-133a-3p acted as a tumor suppressor in HCC. Bioinformatic analysis revealed several signaling pathways and hub genes (CREB1, VCP, CALM1, and YES1) regulated by miR-133a-3p. Survival curves further verified the important roles of hub genes in the prognosis of patients with HCC. It is envisaged that the IL-6/miR-133a-3p axis may be related to the activation of CREB1, VCP, CALM1, and YES1. Our findings provide new insights into the role of exosomal miRNA-mediated tumor progression under inflammatory conditions.
Eukaryo: An AR and VR Application for Cell Biology

Eukaryo is a simulated bio-molecular world that allows users to explore the complex environment within a biological cell. Eukaryo was developed using Unity, leveraging the capabilities and high performance of a commercial game engine. Through the use of MiddleVR, our tool can support a wide variety of interaction platforms including 3D virtual reality (VR) environments, such as head-mounted displays, augmented reality (AR) headsets, and large scale immersive visualization facilities. Our interactive, 3-dimensional model demonstrates key functional elements of a generic eukaryotic cell. Users are able to use multiple modes to explore the cell, its structural elements, its organelles, and some key metabolic processes. In contrast to textbook diagrams and even videos, Eukaryo immerses users directly in the biological environment, giving a more effective demonstration of how cellular processes work, how compartmentalization affects cellular functions, and how the machineries of life operate.
The Use of Autologous Chondrocyte and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Implants for the Treatment of Focal Chondral Defects in Human Knee Joints—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Focal chondral defects of the knee occur commonly in the young, active population due to trauma. Damage can insidiously spread and lead to osteoarthritis with significant functional and socioeconomic consequences. Implants consisting of autologous chondrocytes or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) seeded onto scaffolds have been suggested as promising therapies to restore these defects. However, the degree of integration between the implant and native cartilage still requires optimization. A PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using five databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL) to identify studies that used autologous chondrocyte implants (ACI) or MSC implant therapies to repair chondral defects of the tibiofemoral joint. Data on the integration of the implant-cartilage interface, as well as outcomes of clinical scoring systems, were extracted. Most eligible studies investigated the use of ACI only. Our meta-analysis showed that, across a total of 200 patients, 64% (95% CI (51%, 75%)) achieved complete integration with native cartilage. In addition, a pooled improvement in the mean MOCART integration score was observed during post-operative follow-up (standardized mean difference: 1.16; 95% CI (0.07, 2.24), p = 0.04). All studies showed an improvement in the clinical scores. The use of a collagen-based scaffold was associated with better integration and clinical outcomes. This review demonstrated that cell-seeded scaffolds can achieve good quality integration in most patients, which improves over time and is associated with clinical improvements. A greater number of studies comparing these techniques to traditional cartilage repair methods, with more inclusion of MSC-seeded scaffolds, should allow for a standardized approach to cartilage regeneration to develop.
Puberty Induction in Adolescent Males: Current Practice

Puberty is a developmental stage characterized by the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics which leads to complete physical, psychosocial, and sexual maturation. The current practice of hormonal therapy to induce puberty in adolescent males is based on published consensus and expert opinion. Evidence-based guidelines on optimal timing and regimen in puberty induction in males are lacking, and this reflects some discrepancies in practice among endocrinologists. It is worth mentioning that the availability of various hormonal products in markets, their different routes of administration, and patients/parents’ preference also have an impact on clinical decisions. This review outlines the current clinical approach to delayed puberty in boys with an emphasis on puberty induction.
Shift in subsistence crop dominance from broomcorn millet to foxtail millet around 5500 BP in the western Loess Plateau

Broomcorn and foxtail millet were the most important crops in northern China during the Neolithic period. Although the significance of broomcorn millet in human subsistence exceeded that of foxtail millet during the early Neolithic, this pattern was reversed by the end of Neolithic period. However, the process underlying this shift remains unclear. The recent excavation of the Gedachuan (GDC) in Zhangjiachuan county has revealed an abundance of relics including millet crop remains from relatively continuous strata of the Yangshao and Qijia cultures, and therefore provides a unique opportunity to examine how and when foxtail millet replaced broomcorn millet as the dominant crop in the western Loess Plateau during the Neolithic period. In this study, we identify 1,738 and 2,686 broomcorn and foxtail millet remains, respectively, from 74 flotation samples, accounting for 38.81% and 59.98% of total plant remains, respectively. Compared with 23 direct dates of carbonized crop grains in GDC, we propose that the weight of foxtail millet in plant subsistence of GDC first exceeded that of broomcorn millet as early as ∼5,500 BP, filling an important gap in the archaeobotanical record from the western Loess Plateau. Further comparative analysis of multidisciplinary data suggests the shift in significance of these two millet crops during the late Neolithic may have been triggered by variations in human settlement intensity and climate change in the western Loess Plateau. The results of this study also suggest that the Banpo Phase of Yangshao Culture survived in the western Loess Plateau as late as ∼5,600 BP.
Scientific and Technical Neology

Our "Knowledge Society" is justification enough for the great interest allotted to scientific and technical neology, as examples of lexical creativity. The paper discusses Chomsky's argument concerning the two forms of understanding pertaining to science and common sense and the chief means of scientific neology, with comments centered on the medical vocabulary as well as on Darwin's Origin of Species. In guise of conclusions, a few questions which seem to me relevant at the beginning of the new century and millennium.
LQR and Tuned PID Controller Design and Simulation for Aircraft Pitch Control Using MALTAB

This paper presents a MATLAB based comparative analysis between classical and modern controller for a control system which are based on a pitch of an aircraft system and time response specification performance. The controller designed on the basis of dynamic modeling of the system that demonstrate the derivation of mathematical model for presenting the longitudinal motion of the aircraft. Pitch angle for an aircraft system is developed by using PID controller, LQR controller. By using MATLAB, we will tune the parameters of the PID controller and also minimize the IAE(Integral Absolute Error), ISE(Integral Square Error), ITAE(Integral Time Absolute Error) in estimation tool manager. Simulation result presents the response of Pitch Controller and in step response. Finally the step response of the pitch angle control system is demonstrated and analysis based on a common criterion of response of the system in order to identify which control strategy provides the better performance with the desire trajectory of the pitch angle control system. From the simulation it is clear that LQR controller performance is better as compared to PID controller.
MANAGEMENT STYLE DIAGNOSTIC TEST (MSDT)

Abstrak: Artikel ini mengemukakan review sistematis dari hasil penelitian mengenai alat ukur pada MSDT (Management Style Diagnostic Test). Alat tes psikologi berfungsi sebagai pengungkap aspek psikologis individu. MSDT merupakan salah satu tes yang mengukur gaya kepemimpinan individu yang didasarkan oleh tiga dimensi yang ditemukan oleh W.J Reddin atau Bill Reddin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui seberapa efektif penggunaan alat ukur MSDT di masa kini. Pencarian beberapa artikel ini menggunakan akses pencarian internet dari database Google scholar pada kurun waktu 1975 hingga tahun 2020 dengan kata tes psikologi, MSDT, tes kepemimpinan. Berdasarkan hasil penelaah tersebut dapat diperoleh 5 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria yang ditetapkan. Hasil dari 5 penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa alat ukur MSDT masih memiliki keefektifan dalam mengukur gaya kepribadian dalam kepemimpinan Kata kunci: tes psikologi, MSDT, tes kepemimpinan
Trump and Trust: Examining the Relationship between Claims of Fraud and Citizen Attitudes

ABSTRACT Despite winning the presidency in 2016, Donald Trump alleged “millions of illegal votes” and other election fraud. He continued using this rhetoric throughout his tenure as president and ultimately suggested that if he did not win reelection in 2020, it would be because it somehow was stolen from him. Through an original survey experiment, this article explores how such allegations of fraud influence the public’s attitudes toward the conduct of elections, election outcomes, representation, and democracy as a whole. In doing so, we found that respondents expressed significantly and substantively more negative attitudes toward elections and democracy after being exposed to claims of fraud (even without evidence). Additionally, Republican identifiers were more likely than Democrats or Independents to doubt that their vote was counted fairly. These results bear important implications for our current understanding of politics in the United States.