Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermo‐capillary driven flow in macrolayer at high wall heat fluxes

The present work is to investigate nucleate boiling heat transfer at high heat fluxes, which is characterized by the existence of macrolayer. Two‐region equations are proposed to simulate both thermo‐capillary driven flow in the liquid layer and heat conduction in the solid wall. The numerical simulation results can clearly describe the activities of several multi vorticies in the macrolayer. These vorticies and evaporation at the vapor‐liquid interface constitute a very efficient heat transfer mechanism to explain the high heat transfer coefficient of nucleate boiling heat transfer near CHF. This study also explores the flow pattern of macrolayer with a high conducting solid wall, e.g. copper, and hence the temperature is uniform at the liquid‐solid interface, and the heat fluxes and the evaporation coefficient are found to have significant effect on flow pattern in the liquid layer. Furthermore, a parameter “evaporation fraction” as well as “aspect ratio” is proposed as an index to investigate the therm.
Influence of Appeal Type and Message Framing on Residents’ Intent to Engage in Pro-Environmental Behavior

In this intervention study, we examined the effects and psychological processes of different types of messaging intended to promote waste-separation behavior on the intent of residents to separate household waste and to engage in other pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs). Based on three studies (one survey with 76 residents and two experiments with 446 residents) in China, our results revealed that environmental appeals increased residents’ intent to separate waste and engage in other PEBs, whereas monetary incentives had no effect. Although the main effects of the framing of messages on the intent to separate waste and other PEBs were not significant, we found an interactive effect of appeal type and message framing. When matched with loss framing, an environmental appeal indirectly generated a stronger positive impact by stimulating an individual’s environmental risk perception. When monetary incentives matched with loss framing, individual pro-environmental identity weakened, thereby inhibiting the positive impact on intent to separate waste. With this study, we provide important theoretical support for the selection and optimization of waste-separation intervention strategies and guidance for persuading residents to engage in more PEBs.
Received power optimization for the unconstrained case between the emitted and received polarizations of radar antennas

A new procedure is proposed to find the optimum polarizations for the case of unconstrained relationship between the emitted and received polarizations of radar antennas. Similar to the three-step procedure, the optimum polarizations are found by adjusting the polarizations of radar antennas to result in maximum or minimum received power. But the proposed procedure is different from the three-step procedure, in which the proposed one can be applied to both the coherent and the incoherent scattering cases. The transmitted optimal polarization states are obtained by optimizing the polarimetric power received under the conditions of antenna mismatched/matched receiving for the partially polarized waves. Real polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data are used to compare the proposed procedure with the currently available procedures. The results indicate that the proposed procedure is validated to be efficient in calculating the optimal polarization states of the receiving and transmitting antenna.
Asymptotical mean square stability of an equilibrium point of some linear numerical solutions with multiplicative noise

Several results concerning asymptotical mean square stability of equilibria of specific linear stochastic systems are presented and proven. These discrete time systems can be interpreted as numerical solution of stochastic differential equations driven by Wiener noise. Effects of the presented mean square calculus are shown by the Kubo oscillator perturbed by white noise and a simplified system of noisy Brusselator equations
A Complete Method of Comparative Statics for Optimization Problems (Unabbreviated Version)

A new method of deriving comparative statics information using generalized compensated derivatives is presented which yields constraint-free semidefiniteness results for any differentiable, constrained optimization problem. More generally, it applies to any differentiable system governed by an extremum principle, be it a physical system subject to the minimum action principle, the equilibrium point of a game theoretical problem expressible as an extremum, or a problem of decision theory with incomplete information treated by the maximum entropy principle. The method of generalized compensated derivatives is natural and powerful, and its underlying structure has a simple and intuitively appealing geometric interpretation. Several extensions of the main theorem such as envelope relations, symmetry properties and invariance conditions, transformations of decision variables and parameters, degrees of arbitrariness in the choice of comparative statics results, and rank relations and inequalities are developed. The relationship of the new method to existing formulations is established, thereby providing a unification of the main differential comparative statics methods currently in use. A second theorem is also established which yields exhaustive, constraint-free comparative statics results for a general, constrained optimization problem. This theorem subsumes all other comparative statics formulations. The method is illustrated with a variety of models, some well known, such as profit and utility maximization, where several novel extensions and results are derived, and some new, such as the principal-agent problem, the efficient portfolio problem, a model of a consumer with market power, and a cost-constrained profit maximization model.
A Middleware Infrastructure for Programming Vision-Based Applications in UAVs

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are part of our daily lives with a number of applications in diverse fields. On many occasions, developing these applications can be an arduous or even impossible task for users with a limited knowledge of aerial robotics. This work seeks to provide a middleware programming infrastructure that facilitates this type of process. The presented infrastructure, named DroneWrapper, offers the user the possibility of developing applications abstracting the user from the complexities associated with the aircraft through a simple user programming interface. DroneWrapper is built upon the de facto standard in robot programming, Robot Operating System (ROS), and it has been implemented in Python, following a modular design that facilitates the coupling of various drivers and allows the extension of the functionalities. Along with the infrastructure, several drivers have been developed for different aerial platforms, real and simulated. Two applications have been developed in order to exemplify the use of the infrastructure created: follow-color and follow-person. Both applications use techniques of computer vision, classic (image filtering) or modern (deep learning), to follow a specific-colored object or to follow a person. These two applications have been tested on different aerial platforms, including real and simulated, to validate the scope of the offered solution.
The Barrett–Crane model: asymptotic measure factor

The original spin foam model construction for 4D gravity by Barrett and Crane suffers from a few troubling issues. In the simple examples of the vertex amplitude they can be summarized as the existence of contributions to the asymptotics from non-geometric configurations. Even restricted to geometric contributions the amplitude is not completely worked out. While the phase is known to be the Regge action, the so-called measure factor has remained mysterious for a decade. In the toy model case of the 6j symbol this measure factor has a nice geometric interpretation of V−1/2 leading to speculations that a similar interpretation should be possible also in the 4D case. In this paper we provide the first geometric interpretation of the geometric part of the asymptotic for the spin foam consisting of two glued 4-simplices (decomposition of the 4-sphere) in the Barrett–Crane model in the large internal spin regime.
Discriminants of classical quasi-orthogonal polynomials, with combinatorial and number-theoretic applications

We derive explicit formulas for the resultants and discriminants of classical quasi-orthogonal polynomials, as a full generalization of the results of Dilcher and Stolarsky (2005) and Gishe and Ismail (2008). We consider a certain system of Diophantine equations, originally designed by Hausdorff (1909) as a simplification of Hilbert's solution (1909) of Waring's problem, and then create the relationship to quadrature formulas and quasi-Hermite polynomials. We reduce these equations to the existence problem of rational points on a hyperelliptic curve associated with discriminants of quasi-Hermite polynomials, and thereby show a nonexistence theorem for solutions of Hausdorff-type equations.
Depth and Stanley depth of the edge ideals of the powers of paths and cycles

Abstract Let k be a positive integer. We compute depth and Stanley depth of the quotient ring of the edge ideal associated to the kth power of a path on n vertices. We show that both depth and Stanley depth have the same values and can be given in terms of k and n. If n≣0, k + 1, k + 2, . , 2k(mod(2k + 1)), then we give values of depth and Stanley depth of the quotient ring of the edge ideal associated to the kth power of a cycle on n vertices and tight bounds otherwise, in terms of n and k. We also compute lower bounds for the Stanley depth of the edge ideals associated to the kth power of a path and a cycle and prove a conjecture of Herzog for these ideals.
The Projective Class Rings of a family of pointed Hopf algebras of Rank two

In this paper, we compute the projective class rings of the tensor product $\mathcal{H}_n(q)=A_n(q)\otimes A_n(q^{-1})$ of Taft algebras $A_n(q)$ and $A_n(q^{-1})$, and its cocycle deformations $H_n(0,q)$ and $H_n(1,q)$, where $n>2$ is a positive integer and $q$ is a primitive $n$-th root of unity. It is shown that the projective class rings $r_p(\mathcal{H}_n(q))$, $r_p(H_n(0,q))$ and $r_p(H_n(1,q))$ are commutative rings generated by three elements, three elements and two elements subject to some relations, respectively. It turns out that even $\mathcal{H}_n(q)$, $H_n(0,q)$ and $H_n(1,q)$ are cocycle twist-equivalent to each other, they are of different representation types: wild, wild and tame, respectively.
Bubble and aerosol spectra produced by a laboratory ‘breaking wave’

The relative contribution of jet and film drops from bursting bubbles to the sea-salt component of the marine aerosol is poorly understood. An analysis of the bubble and aerosol spectra produced by a laboratory model of a breaking wave or whitecap shows that film drops may play a much more important role than previously accorded. The model strongly suggests that most of the droplets smaller than 5–10 μm in diameter originate as film drops, derived from bubbles larger than 1 mm. The water-to-air flux of such droplets is adequate to account for the majority of maritime cloud condensation nuclei. The model also suggests that droplets larger than 20–25 μm originate as jet drops, derived from bubbles smaller than 1 mm. The model breaking wave produces an upwelling plume of bubbles whose concentration for all bubble sizes vastly exceeds the steady state or background bubble population observed at sea at depths greater than 1 m. Bubbles of up to 10 mm diameter were produced, and the bubble flux reached 200 cm−2 s−1. Whitecap bubble spectra, presently unavailable, are therefore essential in making more accurate assessments of marine aerosol production.
Discovering the Relationship Between the Accessibility and Covid 19 Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Case Study Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur

People are more likely to meet and connect when there is a high concentration of amenities within easy travelling distance. In this way, we argue that accessibility is a proxy for various characteristics associated with social interaction and that environments with greater accessibility promote greater social interaction, leading to higher contagion rates for some contagious diseases like COVID-19. Three criteria have been proposed to evaluate availability: Diversity, proximity, and connectivity. The three criteria were analyzed using a geographic information system (GIS). One of the multi-criteria analyses, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), was used to establish the defensible space zones according to the accessibility criteria. Results were verified by comparing them to cases of covid-19 in the Bukit Bintang area. The zones that reported the most Covid incidences were found to cross over non-defensive (easy to access) zones. Because of this, we can conclude that easier access contributed to the rise in reported cases of COVID.
Modular categories of dimension $p^3m$ with $m$ square-free

We give a complete classification of modular categories of dimension $p^3m$ where $p$ is prime and $m$ is a square-free integer. When $p$ is odd, all such categories are pointed. For $p=2$ one encounters modular categories with the same fusion ring as orthogonal quantum groups at certain roots of unity, namely $SO(2m)_2$. As an immediate step we classify a more general class of so-called even metaplectic modular categories with the same fusion rules as $SO(2N)_2$ with $N$ odd.
The cotype zeta function of $\mathbb{Z}^d$

We give an asymptotic formula for the number of sublattices $\Lambda \subseteq \mathbb{Z}^d$ of index at most $X$ for which $\mathbb{Z}^d/\Lambda$ has rank at most $m$, answering a question of Nguyen and Shparlinski. We compare this result to recent work of Stanley and Wang on Smith Normal Forms of random integral matrices and discuss connections to the Cohen-Lenstra heuristics. Our arguments are based on Petrogradsky's formulas for the cotype zeta function of $\mathbb{Z}^d$, a multivariable generalization of the subgroup growth zeta function of $\mathbb{Z}^d$.
Secret Sharing for Generic Access Structures

—Sharing a secret efﬁciently amongst a group of participants is not easy since there is always an adversary / eavesdropper trying to retrieve the secret. In secret sharing schemes, every participant is given a unique share. When the desired group of participants come together and provide their shares, the secret is obtained. For other combinations of shares, a garbage value is returned. A threshold secret sharing scheme was proposed by Shamir and Blakeley independently. In this (n,t) threshold secret sharing scheme, the secret can be obtained when at least t out of n participants contribute their shares. This paper proposes a novel algorithm to reveal the secret only to the subsets of participants belonging to the access structure. This scheme implements totally generalized ideal secret sharing. Unlike threshold secret sharing schemes, this scheme reveals the secret only to the authorized sets of participants, not any arbitrary set of users with cardinality more than or equal to t . Since any access structure can be realized with this scheme, this scheme can be exploited to implement various access priorities and access control mechanisms. A major advantage of this scheme over the existing ones is that the shares being distributed to the participants is totally independent of the secret being shared. Hence, no restrictions are imposed on the scheme and it ﬁnds a wider use in real world applications.
A role of random slow manifolds in detecting stochastic bifurcation

We consider the relation for the stochastic equilibrium states between the reduced system on a random slow manifold and the original system. This provides a theoretical basis for the reduction about sophisti- cated detailed models by the random slow manifold without significant damage to the overall qualitative properties. Based on this result, we reveal a role of random slow manifolds in detecting stochastic bifurca- tion by an example. The example exhibits a stochastic bifurcation phenomenon and possesses a random slow manifold that carries the stochastic bifurcation information of the system. Specifically, the lower dimensional reduced system on the random slow manifold retains the stochastic bifurcation phenomenon from the original system.
Fluctuations of a membrane interacting with a diffusion field

We analyze the dynamics and fluctuations of a phospholipidic membrane containing inclusions which may diffuse along the membrane as well as in the aqueous solution. A kinetic law of exchange between the membrane and the fluid is introduced. It is shown that the membrane may become morphologically unstable. In the stable regime the fluctuations kinetics are analyzed. Diffusion as well as desorption lead to dynamical laws for the fluctuation width which assumes different scaling laws with time (e.g., t1/2, tln (t),. ) depending on the prevailing dissipation mechanism. The experimental analysis of dynamical fluctuations should give access to the microscopic physical parameters.
A generic coordinate descent solver for non-smooth convex optimisation

ABSTRACT We present a generic coordinate descent solver for the minimisation of a non-smooth convex objective with structure. The method can deal in particular with problems with linear constraints. The implementation makes use of efficient residual updates and automatically determines which dual variables should be duplicated. A list of basic functional atoms is pre-compiled for efficiency and a modelling language in Python allows the user to combine them at run time. So, the algorithm can be used to solve a large variety of problems including Lasso, sparse multinomial logistic regression, linear and quadratic programmes.
A filtration on rings of representations of non-Archimedean $GL_n$

Let $F$ be a $p$-adic field. Let $\mathcal{R}$ be the Grothendieck ring of complex smooth finite-length representations of the groups $\{GL_n(F)\}_{n=0}^\infty$ taken together, with multiplication defined in the sense of parabolic induction. We introduce a width invariant for elements of $\mathcal{R}$ and show that it gives an increasing filtration on the ring. Irreducible representations of width $1$ are precisely those known as ladder representations. We thus obtain a necessary condition on irreducible factors of a product of two ladder representations. For such a product we further establish a multiplicity-one phenomenon, which was previously observed in special cases.
Folding a 3D Euclidean space

This paper considers an extension of origami geometry to the case of "folding" a three dimensional (3D) space along a plane. First, all possible incidence constraints between given points, lines and planes are analyzed by using the geometry of reflections. Next, a set of 3D elementary fold operations is defined, which satisfy specific combinations of constraints with a finite number of solutions. The set consists of 47 valid fold operations, and solutions to some of them are explored to determine their number and conditions of existence.
Generating functions for the universal Hall-Littlewood $P$- and $Q$-functions

Recently, P. Pragacz described the ordinary Hall-Littlewood $P$-polynomials by means of push-forwards (Gysin maps) from flag bundles in the ordinary cohomology theory. Together with L. Darondeau, he also gave push-forward formulas (Gysin formulas) for all flag bundles of types $A$, $B$, $C$ and $D$ in the ordinary cohomology theory. In this paper, we introduce a generalization of the ordinary Hall-Littlewood $P$- and $Q$-polynomials, which we call the {\it universal $($factorial$)$ Hall-Littlewood $P$- and $Q$-functions}, and characterize them in terms of Gysin maps from flag bundles in the complex cobordism theory. We also generalize the (type $A$) push-forward formula due to Darondeau-Pragacz to the complex cobordism theory. As an application of our Gysin formulas in complex cobordism, we give generating functions for the universal Hall-Littlewood $P$- and $Q$-functions and their factorial analogues. Using our generating functions, classical determinantal and Pfaffian formulas for Schur $S$- and $Q$-polynomials, and their $K$-theoretic or factorial analogues can be obtained in a simple and unified manner.
A high-resolution gravitational lens survey

We have conducted a search for gravitationally lensed QSOs using the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope under very good seeing conditions (median 0″70 full width at half maximum). A sample of 104 bright (V<18.5 mag), high redshift (z≥1.5) QSOs was chosen to maximize the probability of lensing. At least two r band CCD exposures were obtained of almost every QSO, with a subsequent exposure in B if there was evidence of a close neighbor. Each QSO was carefully examined by visually comparing its contour plot with that of at least one reference star from the same field. Simulations were used to determine upper limits of detectability of a close companion
Superconvergence of Ritz‐Galerkin finite element approximations for second order elliptic problems

In this paper, the author derives an O ( h 4 ) ‐superconvergence for the piecewise linear Ritz‐Galerkin finite element approximations for the second‐order elliptic equation − ∇ · ( A ∇ u ) = f equipped with Dirichlet boundary conditions. This superconvergence error estimate is established between the finite element solution and the usual Lagrange nodal point interpolation of the exact solution, and thus the superconvergence at the nodal points of each element. The result is based on a condition for the finite element partition characterized by the coefficient tensor A and the usual shape functions on each element, called A ‐equilateral assumption in this paper. Several examples are presented for the coefficient tensor A and finite element triangulations which satisfy the conditions necessary for superconvergence. Some numerical experiments are conducted to confirm this new theory of superconvergence.
Integral models of reductive groups and integral Mumford-Tate groups

Let K be a number field or a p-adic field, and let R be its ring of integers. Let G be a connected reductive group over K. By a model G of G we mean a flat group scheme of finite type over R such that GK ∼= G. An important way to construct models of G is the following. Let V be a finite dimensional K-vector space, and let ̺ : G →֒ GL(V ) be an injective map of algebraic groups (throughout this paper we write GL(V ) for the abstract group, and GL(V ) for the associated algebraic group over K). We consider G as an algebraic subgroup of GL(V ) via ̺. Now let Λ be a lattice in V , i.e. a locally free R-submodule of V that generates V as a K-vector space. Then GL(Λ) is a group scheme over R whose generic fibre is canonically isomorphic to GL(V ). Let mdlG(Λ) be the Zariski closure of G in GL(Λ); this is a model of G. In general, the group scheme mdlG(Λ) depends on the choice of Λ, and one can ask the following question:
Fatigue rates of monocrystalline silicon thin films in harsh environments: Influence of stress amplitude, relative humidity, and temperature

This study investigates the separate influence of stress, temperature, and relative humidity (RH) on the fatigue behavior of 10-μm-thick, monocrystalline silicon (Si) films at 40 kHz, under fully reversed loading. The fatigue rates are most sensitive to stress, with four orders of magnitude decrease from 3.2 to 1.5–2 GPa, confirming a size effect associated with the fatigue behavior of Si under bending load. The fatigue rates are also much more sensitive to RH than temperature or partial pressure of water, indicating that the effective environmental parameter is the adsorbed water layer. The implications on the relevant fatigue process(es) are discussed.