Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Focus Group Study to Understand the Perspectives of Physiotherapists on Barriers and Facilitators to Advancing Rehabilitation in Low-Resource and Conflict Settings

Physiotherapy as a health profession is continuously evolving in high-income countries (HIC). The highest burden of disease globally, however, is in low-resource and conflict contexts (LR-CC), resulting in unmet rehabilitation needs. Rehabilitation service models from HIC often face challenges when applied to the fragile health systems of LR-CC. It is important to engage rehabilitation experts living and working in LR-CC to guide service development. This study aims to understand physiotherapists’ views and perspectives of current rehabilitation services, of how these services can be strengthened over the next 10 years and of the role of physiotherapy within this development. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 31 physiotherapists from 18 LR-CC using English as a common language. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was guided by thematic analysis. Participants provided deep insights into the complexity of developing rehabilitation services within fragile health systems. Participants agreed that physiotherapy lacked recognition and resources to be utilised effectively. Interacting themes as crucial prerequisites for strengthening the sector included (1) significance of context, (2) professional identity, and (3) professionalisation supported by workforce development and advocacy. These results are an important evidence base for informing the development of rehabilitation programmes in LR-CC and for future research.
Simulation and Validation of Porosity and Permeability of Synthetic and Real Rock Models Using Three-Dimensional Printing and Digital Rock Physics

A standard digital rock physics workflow aims to simulate petrophysical properties of rock samples using few millimeter size subsets scanned with X-ray microtomography at a high resolution of around 1 μm. The workflow is mainly based on image analysis and simulation procedures at a subset scale leading to potential uncertainties and errors that cannot be quantified experimentally. To overcome the gap between scales, we propose to integrate three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to generate enlarged subsets at a scale where experimental measurements are feasible to validate simulated results. In this study, we 3D printed synthetic and real samples and compared digital and experimental rock properties. The most challenging phase in the workflow consists of the difficulties encountered while cleaning the 3D printed samples to remove the support material. Results for subsets extracted from synthetic, sandstone, and carbonate samples showed good agreement between digital and experimental measurements for porosity values less than 12% and a range of permeability values between 100 and 2000 mD.
Land Use Challenges to Implementing Transit-Oriented Development in China

Several Chinese cities are interested in incorporating transit-oriented development (TOD) around their subway stations. Few cities, however, have considered incorporating TOD into their bus systems; fewer still have included China's bike population. The midsize Chinese city of Jinan, capital of the northeastern province of Shandong, wants to incorporate both bus rapid transit (BRT) and TOD within its urban planning framework. Jinan is set to construct a 135-km BRT network and seeks to incorporate TOD initially at the neighborhood level and eventually in the entire city. As part of an ongoing project between the University of California Transportation Center and the Transportation Engineering Department of Shandong University, preliminary land use analysis was conducted on a proposed BRT corridor, Lishan Road, incorporating smart-growth principles as a framework for creating walkable neighborhoods. Current land-use challenges, both citywide and street specific, to making the Lishan Road BRT corridor a true transit-oriented development are presented. The main barriers identified are as follows: (a) Excessive auto-oriented land uses along the corridor result in pedestrian–bike, bike–vehicle, and pedestrian–vehicle conflicts, which will increase with the construction of the BRT stations; (b) the land-use pattern manifested in 1-km blocks results in excessive distances between pedestrian crossings at intersections; (c) with superblock land use patterns and a lack of secondary roads, accessibility is limited for all modes; and (d) parking is inconsistently enforced, and cars are allowed to park on sidewalks, creating unwalkable areas and encouraging driving. Policies and guidelines that help shift Jinan's planning to more pedestrian-friendly designs are presented.
Sagnac loop reflector and arrayed waveguide grating-based multi-wavelength laser monolithically integrated on InP

In this study, a multi-wavelength laser monolithically integrated on InP is presented. A linear laser cavity is built between two integrated Sagnac loop reflectors (SLRs), with an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) as frequency-selective device, and semiconductor optical amplifiers as gain sections. The power is out coupled from the cavity using a side diffraction order of the AWG. Simultaneous laser operation is provided for four wavelengths/cavities in the device. The termination of the laser cavities with integrated SLRs avoids using high-reflection coating. Only anti-reflection coating is used in the output facet of the chip.
Feedforward control of acausal systems under broadband deterministic forcing

We present some discrete-time perspectives on the active vibration control of a simple acausal system subjected to deterministic but broadband excitation. Here, exact vibration cancellation is not possible with bounded control forces. However, on penalizing high control forces using a weighting factor, we obtain a one parameter family of finite-time optimal feedforward (FTOF) controllers that substantially reduce vibration levels through bounded control forces. These controllers require knowledge of the future of the forcing, and are thus acausal. However, only a finite amount of the future needs to be known for practical purposes. These future values are predicted using a neural network. The FTOF controllers perform better than a direct application of the standard LMS algorithm. An LMS algorithm which uses several future values of the forcing performs better still. Some recommendations are made for practical applications.
Polymyxin E–Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in Tunisia and Neighboring Countries: Are There Commonalities?

Abstract The current global dissemination of polymyxin E resistance constitutes a real public health threat because of the restricted therapeutic options. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the epidemiology of polymyxin E–resistant bacteria, with special reference to colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in Tunisia and neighboring countries, based on available published data to January 2020. We aimed to determine their prevalence by species and origin, shedding light on the different genes involved and illustrating their genetic support, genetic environment, and geographic distribution. We found that colistin resistance varies considerably among countries. A majority of the research has focused on Algeria (13 of 32), followed by Tunisia (nine of 32), Egypt (nine of 32), and Libya (one of 32). All these reports showed that colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria were dramatically disseminated in these countries, as well as in African wildlife. Moreover, high prevalence of these isolates was recorded from various sources (humans, animals, food products, and natural environments). Colistin resistance was mainly reported among Enterobacteriaceae, particularly Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. It was associated with chromosomal mutations and plasmid-mediated genes (mcr). Four mcr variants (mcr1, mcr2, mcr3, and mcr8), mobilized by several plasmid types (IncHI2, IncP, IncFIB, and IncI2), were detected in these countries and were responsible for their rapid spread. Countrywide dissemination of high-risk clones was also observed, including E. coli ST10 and K. pneumoniae ST101 and ST11. Intensified efforts to raise awareness of antibiotic use and legalization thereon are required in order to monitor and minimize the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Outcome Assessment According to the Thickness and Direction of the Acellular Dermal Matrix after Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction

Purpose The acellular dermal matrix plays an important role in reinforcing thin mastectomy skin and repositioning the implant in prosthetic breast reconstruction. As the concept of prepectoral plane has become widespread, the role of the acellular dermal matrix has become increasingly important. However, evidences and standards for appropriate thickness and direction during placement remain insufficient. This study is aimed at testing the assumption that differences in the acellular dermal matrix thickness and orientation during placement may affect surgical outcomes including the incidence of postoperative complications. Methods This was a retrospective single-centered analysis of 43 patients (50 breasts) who underwent implant-based reconstruction with MegaDerm® (L&C Bio, Seoul, Korea) and 23 patients (23 breasts) who underwent implant-based reconstruction with DermACELL® (LifeNet Health, Virginia Beach, VA, USA), two types of human-derived acellular dermal matrix. All surgeries were performed by a single surgeon. Demographic variables, surgery-related factors, and complications were compared between a thick matrix group (1.5–2.3 mm) and a thin matrix group (1.0–1.5 mm). The same processes were performed in the nonreverse and reverse matrix insertion groups. Results Baseline demographics and surgery-related data were summarized according to matrix thickness and direction. There were no significant intergroup differences in the demographic variables such as history of smoking, radiation, or chemotherapy. The mean drain volume was significantly higher in the thick matrix group than that in the thin matrix group (p = 0.0445). However, there were no significant differences in overall complication rates by matrix thickness (p = 0.3139). Additionally, there were no significant differences in complications between the nonreverse and reverse matrix insertion groups (p = 0.538). Conclusion Our findings suggest that patients with a thick acellular dermal matrix need a prolonged period for engraftment. However, the thickness did not directly affect the surgical outcomes between the thick and thin matrix groups. Likewise, the orientation in which the acellular dermal matrix was inserted did not affect the surgical outcomes including postoperative complications.
Optimal flux selection of an induction machine for maximum torque operation in flux-weakening region

The optimal flux-searching algorithms of an induction machine have reached a stage of development permitting maximum torque operation over an entire flux-weakening region. In the high-speed region, however, the sensitivity to parameter errors of an induction machine still remains a problem. This paper presents an approach that ensures maximum torque operation maintaining robustness to parameter error in the flux-weakening region. To guarantee the performance in the high speed region, the machine leakage inductance is adapted on line, based on the injection of sinusoidal current. Also, the detuned effect on machine inductance is thoroughly analyzed to relate the sensitivity of parameters to the performance of the flux-weakening region. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed adaptation scheme effectively selects the optimal flux level regardless of variation of leakage inductance.
Cytochrome c: Using Biological Insight toward Engineering an Optimized Anticancer Biodrug

The heme protein cytochrome c (Cyt c) plays pivotal roles in cellular life and death processes. In the respiratory chain of mitochondria, it serves as an electron transfer protein, contributing to the proliferation of healthy cells. In the cell cytoplasm, it activates intrinsic apoptosis to terminate damaged cells. Insight into these mechanisms and the associated physicochemical properties and biomolecular interactions of Cyt c informs on the anticancer therapeutic potential of the protein, especially in its ability to subvert the current limitations of small molecule-based chemotherapy. In this review, we explore the development of Cyt c as an anticancer drug by identifying cancer types that would be receptive to the cytotoxicity of the protein and factors that can be finetuned to enhance its apoptotic potency. To this end, some information is obtained by characterizing known drugs that operate, in part, by triggering Cyt c induced apoptosis. The application of different smart drug delivery systems is surveyed to highlight important features for maintaining Cyt c stability and activity and improving its specificity for cancer cells and high drug payload release while recognizing the continuing limitations. This work serves to elucidate on the optimization of the strategies to translate Cyt c to the clinical market.
Thinking about service design

The challenge of developing a new concept of Services Science (or Service Science, Management and Engineering – SSME), articulated by Jim Spohrer of IBM, has triggered a wide range of thinking by both academics and practitioners alike. From an observer at the interface, it would seem to have gone through a number of phases. The first was to broadly define the scope of the field. This has been done, though as SSME begins to mature, this scope has been questioned and it can be argued that it is rather narrow and could be expanded. The second phase in which many including the lead author of this paper participated, was to argue that before a totally new field was developed it was important that the depth of existing knowledge be recognised and brought into the arena. It would now seem that this stage is well on the way and diverse and multi-disciplinary sets of knowledge from systems, operations, marketing and engineering are being brought together.
Evaluating both Physiological and Biomechanical Strains in Women Using Different Hoe Handle Designs

Physiological and biomechanical strains were investigated in women using four different handle designs for hoe. Electromyography (EMG), energy expenditure, and task workload were measured while using four different hoes: a conventional hoe with 1) the normal (N) handle, 2) the second (S) handle, 3) the T-grip with arm supporter (TA) handle, and 4) the second with T-grip and arm supporter (STA) handle. Each handle strained different regions of the body. The S handle was significantly better for minimizing the erector spinae muscle EMG. The TA handle required less effort on the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP), but more effort on the posterior deltoid. From the STA handle, no interaction was found between the S and TA handle. The results from energy expenditure analysis indicated that the workload in hoeing involves mainly a pushing and pulling motion of the shoulder (r = .923). In comparison with the N handle, the additional handles caused a significantly greater workload, but there was no significant difference between those three handles.
Virtual dynamics of DC circuits

It is shown in this contribution that besides the classical dynamics caused by reactance elements, each DC resistive circuit has its special hidden so-called virtual dynamics which contains information about the DC operating point stability. Virtual eigenvalues can be attached to each linear model of resistive circuit linearized around its DC operating point. Corresponding virtual trajectories describe motion of operating point in the virtual space after being deflected from the equilibrium state and they help to decide whether the operating point is stable.
Design of Intelligent Power Meter for Demand Response of Smart Grid

To support the demand response function for smart grid, an intelligent power meter with hybrid communication module has been proposed in this paper. The circuit module consisting of VI measurement, power calculation chip, microprocessor and PLC/ZigBee/RS-485 communication is designed to support load control to achieve load reduction after receiving the demand response command of via two way communication. The load control function can also be activated by the real time pricing information, which has been downloaded from utility control center. The embedded power management system is developed to perform the management of intelligent power meters to monitor and control electrical appliances. Based on the field test, the intelligent power meter can be used for load shedding or power due to achieve energy conservation and enhance system stability for smart grid application.
Generator Interconnection, Network Expansion, and Energy Transition

Inefficient coordination between decentralized generation investment and centralized transmission planning is a significant barrier to achieving rapid decarbonization in liberalized electricity markets. While the optimal configuration of the transmission grid depends on the relative social costs of competing technologies, existing processes have not led to transmission expansion consistent with declines in the cost of wind and solar combined with increased estimates of the social costs of traditional thermal resources. This paper describes the negative feedback loop preventing efficient interconnection of new resources in U.S. markets, its connection to conceptual flaws in current resource adequacy constructs, and the ways in which it protects incumbent generators. To help resolve these issues, the paper recommends a shift to a “connect and manage” approach and outlines a straw proposal for a new financial right connected with transmission service. From a generator perspective, the effect of the proposed reforms is to trade highly uncertain network upgrade and congestion costs for a fixed interconnection fee. From a transmission planning perspective, the goal is to improve the quality of information about new generation included in forward-looking planning processes. Simulation on a stylized two-node system demonstrates the potential of the approach to facilitate a transition to clean technologies.
STEERING OF 4WD VEHICLES WITH INDEPENDENT WHEEL TORQUE CONTROL

Abstract This paper investigates the steering performance of a new configuration of automotive vehicles-4WD vehicles with independent wheel torque control (IWTC). The vehicle model has no steer linkages and a turning manoeuvre can be realised by controlling the wheel torque at each wheel to give a tyre speed differential between the outside and inside tyres. The wheel torque difference between the outside and inside tyres, which controls the tyre velocity difference, is a function of the handwheel angle and the error between the expected yaw rate and the measured yaw rate. In order to control steer stability, a stability compensator for tyre/road adhesion limit is developed and the yaw rate and yaw acceleration are used as control variables. This strategy first evaluates the vehicle stability and then reacts depending on whether the stability criteria is satisfied. The study shows that IWTC vehicles can be well steered by applying the methods developed in this research.
Order Penetration Point: Just a Stock within Production?

Nowadays, for customers the logistical performance of industrial companies is as important as the price and quality when buying decisions have to be made. It can be observed that considering the KPIs of logistical performance as quality figures, similar to the product quality, becomes quite popular within national and international markets. Two logistical performance key figures that can be pointed out in that context are short lead times and high schedule reliability. The delivery times demanded by markets often are shorter than the realizable lead times of products or the replenishment time of raw materials or purchased parts. In order to deliver the products in time, companies have the opportunity to implement so called order penetration point (OPP) within their productions. The OPP specifies the point within a production which connects upstream processes linked with work orders and downstream processes link with costumer orders. The OPP is often built up as a stock of unfinished goods. Currently companies position their OPP only with the goal to satisfy the demand of short lead times set by the market. Other logistical targets such as a low work-in-process (WIP), high schedule reliability or a high utilization are usually not taken into account. Hence, due to the complexity of positioning the OPP companies underestimate the logistical potentials that can be achieved by positioning the OPP optimally. In this publication the fundamental determining factors which both influence the position of the OPP and are influenced by the selected position of the OPP are presented. In particular the dependencies between the four logistical targets, lead time, WIP, schedule reliability and the grade of utilization, and the position of the OPP are discussed. Exemplarily the correlation between the position of OPP and the schedule adherence at the end of the supply chain are presented. It can be assumed that the schedule adherence increases by moving the OPP towards the end of the supply chain. Possible reasons that explain this particular effect, like the reduction of lead time variation, will be discussed in detail.
A Changing Competitive Landscape: Transition Policy's Blind Spots

For the past two to three decades, and particularly in the wake of the Great Recession, clean energy transitions have been sold as a three-for-the-price-ofone policy: creating “green collar” jobs to get the unemployed back to work, using domestic resources to reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels, and all while reducing carbon emissions. The first of two implicit goals of this “three-fer” was the development of local, high tech industries supported by policy-driven domestic demand for wind and solar equipment. These high tech industries would, in turn, deliver the second goal of driving down the costs of clean energy technologies to the point where they would no longer require policy support.
Phase Current Reconstruction of Open-Winding Synchronous Reluctance Motor Based on Edge-Alignment and Phase-Shift Strategy

This article proposes a phase current reconstruction strategy for open-winding synchronous reluctance motor (OW-SynRM) drives with the dual-inverter topology and common dc bus. The traditional reconstruction strategy cannot be applied in OW motor drives because the dual-inverter modulation and zero-sequence current suppression strategies complicate the vector combinations and shorten their durations. Besides, additional sampling is required because the sum of the three-phase current is not zero. To solve these issues, the edge alignment algorithm is proposed to extend the duration of certain vector combinations, and the phase-shift strategy for the third sampling is proposed to obtain extra current information. In the case of the reconstruction failure in immeasurable regions, the corresponding compensation strategy is investigated. With the proposed reconstruction strategy, the system cost can be significantly reduced and the reliability can be improved, where only one current sensor is required. Besides, the single sensor can be reused for power detection and protection for the whole system by selective installation. Moreover, the proposed strategy is compatible with both the 180° and 120° assignment schemes, increasing the flexibility of application. Finally, experiments are carried out on an OW-SynRM to verify the high accuracy and feasibility of the proposed strategy.