Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Pilot-Aided Dual-Mode Multiple Sequences Spread-Spectrum System for Underwater Acoustic Communication

In the multiple sequences spread spectrum (MSSS) system, multiple cyclic shifted spreading sequences are superimposed to increase the data rate. This paper proposes a dual-mode MSSS system with index modulation aided by a secondary pilot symbol (DM-MSSS-IM) for underwater acoustic communication. The proposed system divides the bit stream into index bits and modulated bits. The modulated bits are mapped to dual-mode constellations. The index bits are used to select a place for the first modulation mode symbol. The unselected place is used to carry the second mode symbols, which is regarded as the secondary pilot symbol (SPS) to enhance channel estimation. The simulation results show that the proposed system achieves a higher data rate than the existing MSSS system over time-frequency doubly selective fading channels and underwater acoustic channels as the cost of a slight BER performance loss. Additionally, the field experiment verifies the superiority of the proposed scheme.
A Compact and Low-cost RF Balun with Improved Bandwidth and Isolation

This paper presents a design for a RF balun with compact size, low-cost and improved bandwidth and isolation. It consists of a wide-band power divider and a broad-band 180° phase shifter. To achieve wide bandwidth characteristic, small reflection technique is employed for the power divider while radial stubs are used in the phase shifter. The compact size is realized by carefully designing the layout based on a low-loss material. The proposed balun works in the frequency band from 1.5 GHz to 3.2 GHz. The measured amplitude imbalance and phase imbalance between the two balanced ports are within 0.3 dB and ±5°, respectively. Measured return loss at both two balanced ports is better than −10 dB while the measured isolation is better than −20 dB.
Generic Analog 8 Bit DAC IP Block in 28nm CMOS for the High Energy Physics Community

The High Energy Physics (HEP) microelectronic design community is leading a CMOS technology change from Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) designs in 130nm and 65nm to 28nm for the future upgrades of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The technology change to a newer and one of the last planar bulk technologies allows benefiting from advances like higher intrinsic density and speed. The increased radiation hardness of 28nm makes this change also inevitable to withstand future radiation in the LHC experiments with levels of Total Ionizing Dose (TID) beyond 1 Grad. We present a generic 8-bit Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) as an analog IP block for ASIC designs in the HEP community in 28nm CMOS technology and the design challenges of the novel technology in HEP ASICs.
Timing-Critical Path Analysis in Circuit Designs Considering Aging with Signal Probability

Aging is an important determinant for the reliability of circuit designs and has been addressed by a number of protection techniques based on static timing analysis (STA). The timing reported by STA, however, is often too optimistic without considering the functional behavior of the circuit. Furthermore, signal probability has also been found to be a significant factor in the aging effect. As such, we present in this paper a timing-critical path analysis that takes function and aging into account as well as signal probability. Functional timing analysis (FTA) eliminates the false paths and generates more accurate timing. Furthermore, machine learning can be used to build models for predicting the timing of each cell for various aging lifetimes and signal probabilities. Experimental results indicate that there can be a difference of up to 6% on path delay between STA and FTA. The path ranks also differ for most of the benchmark circuits after considering aging with signal probability, resulting in the delay differences of up to 6.12 %. In conclusion, it is necessary to consider function, aging, and signal probability simultaneously when analyzing timing-critical paths in a circuit design.
Detection of Surgical Instruments Based on YOLOv5

With the development of science and technology, minimally invasive surgery has gradually played an important role in the medical field and has become the primary choice of all kinds of surgery. Compared with traditional surgery, minimally invasive surgery is simpler, less burden on doctors during surgery, and less pain, traumas and recovers rapidly after surgery. However, when having minimally invasive surgery, doctors cann't directly see inside of the body, and the actual operating space is small, which reduces doctors' coordination ability of hands and eyes. It may lead to the damage of surgical instruments or secondary injury to the internal tissues and organs of patients during surgery. Therefore, it needs reliable visual detection to monitor the process of surgery and improve the safety of surgery. In this paper, we propose a real-time detection model of surgical instruments based on YOLOv5. We selected a real and public dataset for training and verifying, and through experiments, we calculated precision, recall and mAP to evaluate the performance of the model.
Limitation to Quantum Measurements of Space‐Time Distances a

We start by recalling the fundamental nature of space-time distance measurements. '" In quantum mechanics, one specifies a space-time point by its coordinates, without bothering to give a prescription as to how these coordinates are to be measured. However, general relativity ordains that coordinates d o not have any meaning independent of observations; in other words, according to relativity, a coordinate system is defined only by explicitly carrying out space-time distance measurements. We will pay heed to this dictum of general relativity and will follow Salecker and Wigner' to use clocks and light signals to measure distances (see reference 5): Suppose we want to measure the length between two spatially separated pointsA and B. The measurement can be carried out in the following way. A clock is put a t point A . Set the clock to read zero when a light signal is sent fromA towards B, where a mirror is stationed to reflect the light signal back to A . From the reading of the clock, to be denoted by t , when the light signal arrives at A, one deduces that the length AB is given by e = ct /2 , where c denotes the speed of light. There are two major sources of errors in the length measurement: one comes from the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics and the other is due to space-time curvature effects. First, we note that the clock is not absolutely stationary, its spread in speed being given by the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics: -J. A. Wheeler (private correspondence)
An Enhanced of Secure Authentication Scheme for the Internet of Things

In this paper, we cryptanalyze the authentication scheme proposed by Wang et al. [1] by pointing out that their scheme of authentication is vulnerable to several attacks. Afterwards, an Enhanced Secure Authentication Scheme (E-SAS) is presented to solve the security flaws of SAS. The informal security analysis and the formal security verification by the AVISPA tool illustrate that E-SAS is secure face to several active and passive security attacks. Therefore, the performance and security comparisons demonstrate that the E-SAS ensures robust security with less communication and computational overhead.
Live Demonstration: A Real-Time Bio-Mimetic System for Multichannel FES Control

This demonstration presents a bio-mimetic system for the real-time multichannel control of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES). The intensities of the FES profiles are directly mapped by processing surface ElectroMyoGraphic (sEMG) signals detected from synergistic muscles, thus achieving a user-comfortable stimulation that follows the monitored physiological patterns. Furthermore, a user-dedicated calibration routine and multiple versatile operating configurations allow the system to be integrated into standard rehabilitation protocols to enhance the restoration of motor functionalities.
Imaging Cancer Cells Using a Holographic Microscope

In this paper, a compact and high resolution in-line digital holographic microscope (DHM) is constructed that consisted of a 532 nm laser, mirrors, microscope objectives $(10\times,\boldsymbol{\text{NA}=0.25}$ and $\boldsymbol{40\times, \text{NA}=0.65}$) and CCD camera. Using the system, a series of holograms were successfully obtained and $\mathrm{n}\mu\text{merically}$ reconstructed to extract the three-dimensional measurements of phase, amplitude and the morphological structure of the tested cells. In this method, the quantitative biological measurements of different types cured cancer cells, involving A549, MCF-7 and SMMC-7721 cells, were all estimated to reveal biological structural information. Moreover, quantitative analysis of SMMC-7721 cell growth changes and drug response were discussed to supply significant information for the treatment of cancer cells.
Generalised Channel State Information Outdatedness Modelling Using MRC

This paper offers unified modelling for opportunistic-relay outdatedness using the joint distribution of bivariate exponential-correlated generalised-Rician fading. Line-of-sight power and larger-than-two degrees of freedom under independently-and-identically-distributed Rayleigh fading environments employing maximal ratio combining (MRC) are considered. Unavoidable infinite summations are employed, which are shown to fast-converge for a finite number of terms. Ergodic channel capacity is employed for performance assessment. Thorough comparisons between performance of selection combining and MRC are also given. Monte Carlo simulation is employed to validate this work.
Exact path-integral evaluation of locally interacting systems: The subtlety of operator ordering

We discuss how one calculates the coherent path integrals for locally interacting systems, where some inconsistencies with exact results have been reported previously. It is shown that the operator ordering subtlety that is hidden in the local interaction term modifies the Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation in the continuous time formulation, and it helps reproduce known results by the operator method. We also demonstrate that many-body effects in the strong interaction limit can be well characterized by the free-particle theory that is subject to annealed random potentials and dynamical gauge (or phase) fields. The present treatment expands the conventional paradigm of the one-particle description, and it provides a simple, viable picture for strongly correlated materials of either bosonic or fermionic systems.
Chronic Setup System for Continuous Monitoring of Epileptic Rats

This work presents a setup for chronic monitoring of spontaneous epileptic seizures in rats under kainic acid. The system allows to record the vagus nerve electroneurogram at 40 kS/s and the electroencephalogram at 250 S/s using an USB-6212 multifunction I/O-device. The system includes a video channel (20 fps) controlled by a Raspberry Pi 4 Model B. A slipring allows the rat to move freely. Quick cage cleaning is possible through a movable base. The chronic setup was tested on a Wistar rat after status epilepticus induction, using kainic acid. The system appears to be robust and reliable enough to record status epilepticus, making it suitable for more extended experiments in epileptic rats.
A dynamic task scheduling model for mobile cloud computing

A mobile cloud computing (MCC) workflow task dynamic scheduling model is designed to improve the level of adaptation of MCC workflow task dynamic scheduling. The group decision model parameter set of MCC workflow task dynamic scheduling is constructed, the preference information of MCC workflow task flow is assembled and clustered using multi-scale and multi-scalar feature analysis methods, and the dynamic feature evolution clustering analysis model of MCC workflow task is constructed, the dynamic information flow regression parameters of MCC workflow task are obtained by partial least squares method, and the fuzzy clustering processing of MCC workflow task dynamic scheduling is realized according to each attribute The fuzzy clustering process of dynamic scheduling of MCC workflow tasks is realized according to the results of weight vector assignment. Finally, the dynamic adaptive scheduling of MCC workflow tasks is realized according to the information clustering results. The experimental findings indicate that the technique has an excellent dynamic distribution and strong comprehensive assessment capability during MCC workflow task scheduling, aiding in the adaptive assignment of MCC workflow tasks.
A systematic study of ULIRGs using near-infrared absorption bands reveals a strong UV environment in their star-forming regions

We present a systematic study of the 3.0 um H2O ice and the 3.4 um aliphatic carbon absorption features toward 48 local ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) using spectra obtained by the AKARI Infrared Camera to investigate the UV environment in their star-forming regions. All the ULIRGs in our sample exhibit a ratio of optical depth of H2O ice to silicate dust (tau3.0/tau9.7) that is lower than that in the Taurus dark cloud. This implies that ULIRGs cannot be described as an ensemble of low-mass star-forming regions and that a significant amount of high-mass star-forming regions contribute to star-forming clouds in local ULIRGs. The results also show that the ratios of optical depth of aliphatic carbon to silicate dust, tau3.4/tau9.7, exhibit diverse values. We investigate two effects that can affect this ratio: the geometric temperature gradient (which increases the ratio) and the intense UV environment (which decreases it). The geometric temperature gradient is typically considered as a sign of active galactic nuclei (AGN). ULIRGs with AGN signs (optical classification, NIR color, and a PAH emission strength of 3.3 um) indeed tend to exhibit a large tau3.4/tau9.7 ratio. However, we find that the presence of buried AGN is not the only cause of the geometric temperature gradient, because the enhancement of the ratio is also evident in pure starburst-like ULIRGs without these AGN signs. Regarding the intense UV environment in star-forming regions, the correlation between the aliphatic carbon ratio and the ratio of the [C II] 158 um line luminosity to the far-infrared luminosity (L[CII]/LFIR), which represents the UV environment in photodissociation regions, implies that the intense UV environment causes the decrease of the aliphatic carbon ratio. We find that an intense UV environment (G/nH > 3) in star-forming regions is needed for the aliphatic carbon ratio to be suppressed.
Actively tuned and spatially trapped polaritons

We report active tuning of the polariton resonance of quantum well excitons in a semiconductor microcavity using applied stress. Starting with the quantum well exciton energy higher than the cavity photon mode, we use stress to reduce the exciton energy and bring it into resonance with the photon mode. At the point of zero detuning, line narrowing and strong increase of the photoluminescence are seen. By the same means, we create an in-plane harmonic potential for the polaritons, which allows trapping, potentially making possible Bose-Einstein condensation of polaritons analogous to trapped atoms. We demonstrate drift of the polaritons into this trap.
Dual-beam optical linear polarimetry from Southern skies: characterization of CasPol for high-precision polarimetry

Abstract. We present a characterization of CasPol, a dual-beam polarimeter mounted at the 2.15-m Jorge Sahade Telescope, located at the Complejo Astronómico El Leoncito, Argentina. The telescope is one of the few available meter-sized optical telescopes located in the southern hemisphere hosting a polarimeter. To carry out this work, we collected photopolarimetric data along five observing campaigns, the first one during January 2014, and the remaining ones spread between August 2017 and March 2018. The data were taken through the Johnson–Cousins V, R, and I filters. Along the campaigns, we observed eight unpolarized and four polarized standard stars. Our analysis began characterizing the impact of seeing and aperture into the polarimetric measurements, defining an optimum aperture extraction and setting a clear limit for seeing conditions. Then, we used the unpolarized standard stars to characterize the level of instrumental polarization and to assess the presence of polarization dependent on the position across the charge-coupled device. Polarized standard stars were investigated to quantify the stability of the instrument with wavelength. Specifically, we find that the overall instrumental polarization of CasPol is ∼0.2 % in the V, R, and I bands, with a negligible polarization dependence on the position of the stars on the detector. The stability of the half-wave plate retarder is about 0.35 deg, making CasPol comparable to already existing instruments. We also provide measurements in the three photometric bands for both the unpolarized and polarized standard stars. Finally, we show scientific results, illustrating the capabilities of CasPol for precision polarimetry of relatively faint objects.
Constraints on field flows of quintessence dark energy

The quest for understanding the late-time acceleration is haunted by an immense freedom in the analysis of dynamical models for dark energy in extended parameter spaces. Often-times having no prior knowledge at our disposal, arbitrary choices are implemented to reduce the degeneracies between parameters. We also encounter this issue in the case of quintessence fields, where a scalar degree of freedom drives the late-time acceleration. In this study, we implement a more physical prescription, the \textit{flow} condition, to fine-tune the quintessence evolution for several field potentials. We find that this prescription agrees well with the most recent catalogue of data, namely supernovae type Ia, baryon acoustic oscillations, cosmic clocks and distance to last scattering surface, and it enables us to infer the initial conditions for the field, both potential and cosmological parameters. At $2\sigma$ we find stricter bounds on the potential parameters $f/m_{pl}>0.26$ and $n<0.15$ for the PNGB and IPL potentials, respectively, while constraints on cosmological parameters remain extremely consistent across all assumed potentials. By implementing information criteria to assess their ability to fit the data, we do not find any evidence against thawing models, which in fact are statistically equivalent to $\Lambda$CDM, and the freezing ones are moderately disfavoured. Through our analysis we place upper bounds on the slope of quintessence potentials, consequently revealing a strong tension with the recently proposed swampland criterion, finding the 2$\sigma$ upper bound of $\lambda \sim 0.31$ for the exponential potential.
Rh =ctand the eternal coasting cosmological model

We point out that the nonempty $R_h=ct$ cosmological model has some known antecedents in the literature. Some of those eternal coasting models are published even before the discovery of the accelerated expansion of the universe and were shown to have none of the commonly discussed cosmological problems and also that $H_0t_0=1$. The $R_h=ct$ model is only the special (flat) case of the eternal coasting model. An additional feature in the coasting model is that $\Omega_m/\Omega_{dark \; energy}$ = some constant of the order of unity, so that also the cosmic coincidence problem is avoided.
A Research of a Modified Bearing Fault Diagnosis Model Based on Deformable Atrous Convolution and Squeeze-and-Excitation Aggregation

In order to accurately and intelligently identify the fault signal characteristics of bearing in modern rotating machinery industries, a comprehensive novel fault diagnosis model is introduced by using a few data points as input signals. In this paper, the main methods of the model are processing the two signal inputs, frequency-domain signal (FDS) and time-frequency graph (TFG), into a network built up with convolution (Conv) and deformable atrous Conv. Then, this network extracts their features respectively. After squeezing-and-excitation aggregation on the features, three types of outputs are obtained for tasks of faulty bearing position detection, fault type diagnosis, and damage size estimation. This method allows the fault diagnosis of different locations, fault types, and fault degrees to be completed simultaneously, and the state-of-Art effect can be achieved. Two bearing vibration signal datasets are used in the paper to evaluate the performance of the model, and experimental results prove an effective multi-task fault diagnosis ability on the three tasks.
Optimization and Management System for Academic Early Warning of College Students

With the popularization of education, the annual enrollment of colleges and universities is also increasing. How to cultivate high-quality talents is a problem worth thinking about. As a strategy, academic early warning is mainly for students with learning difficulties. Aiming at the shortcomings in the communication between secondary colleges and students with learning difficulties, this paper puts forward an optimization strategy and builds a set of management system which based MVC framework to facilitate the communication between secondary colleges and students. After the application of the optimized academic early warning management mechanism, the number of students with learning difficulties is significantly reduced, and the number of students who fail to attend courses is decreasing, which greatly improves the work efficiency of college teachers.
Research on the Influence of Competition Mechanism in Gamification Test on Learning Experiences and Learning Effects

This study tested the effects of the competition mechanism in gamification test on learners' brain cognition, cognitive load, learning experiences and learning effects. 40 college students were randomly assigned to the group which used Kahoot! as gamification test or the group which used Storyline as traditional computer test. The results show that although the competition mechanism in gamification test has no significant impacts on cognitive load and learning experiences, but compared with the traditional computer test, it can significantly improve learners' relaxation, retention test scores and transfer test scores. The findings highlight the importance of a competitive gamification learning environment to learners. Ultimately, this study put forward two suggestions from two stages of design and application of gamification competitive environment, in order to provide learners with a suitable competitive atmosphere to improve learning.