Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
XX matrices with independent entries

Let S = XXT be the (unscaled) sample covariance matrix where X is a real p × n matrix with independent entries. It is well known that if the entries of X are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) with enough moments and p/n → y 6= 0, then the limiting spectral distribution (LSD) of 1 nS converges to a Marčenko-Pastur law. Several extensions of this result are also known. We prove a general result on the existence of the LSD of S in probability or almost surely, and in particular, many of the above results follow as special cases. At the same time several new LSD results also follow from our general result. The moments of the LSD are quite involved but can be described via a set of partitions. Unlike in the i.i. d. entries case, these partitions are not necessarily non-crossing, but are related to the special symmetric partitions which are known to appear in the LSD of (generalised) Wigner matrices with independent entries. We also investigate the existence of the LSD of SA = AAT when A is the p × n symmetric or the asymmetric version of any of the following four random matrices: reverse circulant, circulant, Toeplitz and Hankel. The LSD of 1 nSA for the above four cases have been studied in (Bose et al., 2010) when the entries are i.i. d. We show that under some general assumptions on the entries of A, the LSD of SA exists and this result generalises the existing results of (Bose et al., 2010) significantly.
IN CIRCULATING SUBSETS OF INNATE LYMPHOID CELLS IS LINKED TO DISEASE ACTIVITY

Background: Cardiovascular disease due to atherosclerosis is currently recognised as one of the leading causes of death among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is well established that dysfunction of lymphocytes contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE. Recent studies also showed infiltration of several subsets of lymphocytes in atherosclerotic lesions and their various contributions to atherosclerosis were uncovered in experimental models and patients. However, the predominant and specific subsets of lymphocytes that play critical role in the pathogenesis of SLE patients with cardiovascular complications remained tobeelucidated. Objectives: This study aims to define the dominant population of lymphocytes in mice with combination oflupusandatherosclerosis. Methods: The mouse model of accelerated atherosclerosis in lupus (ApoE -/- Fasl gld B6 mice) was generated from apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE -/- ) and Fasl gld C57BL/6 mice. The lupus-like autoimmunity and atherosclerotic lesions was evaluated. The lymphocytes of spleen and peripheral blood were analysed by flowcytometry. Results: The results of PCR and sequencing showed that the double-mutant ApoE -/- Fasl gld B6 mice were generated. Spleens from 5 month-old ApoE -/- Fasl gld B6 mice were significantly enlarged compared with wild type mice (WT mice). ApoE -/- Fasl gld B6 mice displayed a pattern of glomerulonephritis typically found in SLE and showed marked C3, IgG and IgM deposits in the glomeruli. Anti-dsDNA antibodyandhighlevelsofcreatinine weredetectedintheserumofApoE -/- Fasl gld B6 mice. These results indicated that the ApoE -/- Fasl gld B6 mice have typical characteristics of SLE. Oil red O staining revealed that there was significantly increased atherosclerotic lesion area at the proximal aorta in ApoE -/- Fasl gld
University of Birmingham Paediatric hypertension in Africa

Background: The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hypertension is rapidly increasing in low-and middle-income countries. This is evident not only in adults, but also in children. Recent estimates of prevalence in children are lacking, particularly in Africa. As such, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide updated estimates of paediatric hypertension in Africa. Methods: We searched PubMed and EBSCO to identify articles published from January 2017 to November 2020. Studies were assessed for quality. We combined results for meta-analyses using a random effects model (Freeman-Tukey arcsine transformation). Heterogeneity was quanti ﬁ ed using the I 2 statistic. Findings: In the narrative synthesis of 53 studies, publication bias was low for 28, moderate for 24, and high for one study. Hypertension prevalence ranged substantially (0 ¢ 2%-38 ¢ 9%). Meta-analysis included 41 studies resulting in data on 52918 participants aged 3 to 19 years from ten countries. The pooled prevalence for hypertension (systolic/diastolic BP (cid:2) 95th percentile) was 7 ¢ 45% (95%CI 5 ¢ 30-9 ¢ 92, I 2 =98.96%), elevated blood pressure (BP, systolic/diastolic BP (cid:2) 90th percentile and < 95th percentile) 11 ¢ 38% (95%CI 7 ¢ 94-15 ¢ 33, I 2 =98.97%) and combined hypertension/elevated BP 21 ¢ 74% (95%CI 15 ¢ 5-28 ¢ 69, I 2 =99.48%). Participants categorized as overweight/with obesity had a higher prevalence of hypertension (18 ¢ 5% [95%CI 10 ¢ 2-28 ¢ 5]) than those categorized as underweight/normal (1 ¢ 0% [95%CI 0 ¢ 1-2 ¢ 6], 4 ¢ 8% [95%CI 2 ¢ 9-7 ¢ 1], p < 0 ¢ 001). There were signi ﬁ cant differences in hypertension prevalence when comparing BP measurement methods and classi ﬁ cation guidelines. Interpretation: Compared to a previous systematic review conducted in 2017, this study suggests a continued increase in prevalence of paediatric hypertension in Africa, and highlights the potential role of increasing overweight/obesity.
Urban Right-of-Way Allocation Problem: Considering All Demands

The right-of-way (ROW) is limited in urban areas, thus it should be used wisely. This paper aims to introduce and discuss the three functions of the street and to describe the allocation problem of the ROW. In terms of the functions of the streets, the authors found several authors that acknowledged a place function. People demand places to walk, gather, interact etc. But as a consequence of current environmental challenges that need to be faced, the authors justified a third function of the street – the environmental – that deals with the provision of environmental services. In terms of the allocation problem, the authors reviewed the current ROW allocation practices and they criticize them. They present some evidences of ongoing changes in North American streets as proof that something was wrong and that the streets are in a transition phase. The authors summarize the attempts to solve the allocation problem, such as complete streets, livable streets, and green streets. They join all together to present a simplified framework to ground the allocation problem. Finally they discuss the implication of this framework.
Design and Management of Complex Technical Processes and Systems by Means of Computational Intelligence Methods Runtime Analysis of a (µ+1) Es for the Sphere Function Runtime Analysis of a (µ+1) Es for the Sphere Function

Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are general, randomized search heuris-tics applied successfully to optimization problems both in discrete and in continuous search spaces. In recent years, substantial progress has been made in theoretical runtime analysis of EAs, in particular for pseudo-Boolean fitness functions f : {0, 1} n → R. Compared to this, little is known about the runtime of simple and, in particular, more complex EAs for continuous functions f : R n → R. In this paper, a first rigorous runtime analysis of a population-based EA in continuous search spaces is presented. A simple (µ+1) evolution strategy ((µ+1) ES) that uses Gaussian mutations adapted by the 1/5-rule as its search operator is studied on the well-known Sphere functionand the influence of µ and n on its runtime is examined. By generalizing the proof technique of randomized family trees, developed before w. r. t. discrete search spaces, asymptotically upper and lower bounds on the time for the population to make a predefined progress are derived. Furthermore , the utility of the 1/5-rule in population-based evolution strategies is shown. Finally, the behavior of the (µ+1) ES on multimodal functions is discussed.
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a common clinical problem in children and adolescents. Oppositionality and associated types of aggressive behavior are among the most common referral problems in child psychiatry. Grouped among the disruptive behavior disorders, ODD is frequently comorbid with other psychiatric conditions and often precedes the development of conduct disorder (CD), substance abuse, and severely delinquent behavior. Youth with ODD may also have specific CD behaviors, such as aggression. Although compared with CD there exists a smaller and less sophisticated empirical database for ODD, this parameter draws upon the existing ODD and CD literature to make recommendations regarding diagnosis and treatment of ODD. ODD's etiology is complex and its development is based on a cumulative risk/protective factor model that combines biological, psychological, and social factors. Recommended treatment is multimodal and extensive, involving individual and family psychotherapeutic approaches, medication, and sociotherapy. Methodologically sound controlled clinical trials are lacking. This practice parameter benefited greatly from the expert review and feedback of Drs.
Human Resource Capacity Building in the developing world and mobilising excess capacity for export

This paper has two sides to it. The first part has to do with building sufficient human resource capacityand the second part of it is to do with the mobilisation of the excess human resource capacity forexport. Achieving this two-pronged task is a challenge that requires the expertise and involvement of allkey players in the relevant institutions for the desired results. The second part of the topic under discussion will follow on organically from the achievement of the firstpart that is, once the structures are in place to develop human resources and build capacity, thenexpansion on those structures can be used to produce the excess capacity for export.
Forage Species Establishment and Productivity on Mined Land

Abilities of individual species to establish and produce must be considered in selecting species for use in reclamation. Thirty-six forage species were seeded on untreated spoil, on 6 inches of topsoil added to spoil, and on unmined agricultural land. Under all conditions, species usually recommended for dryland seedings provided best stand establishment, had good productivity, and should generally be recommended for spoil bank revegetation.
The effect of Structural Fund spending on the Galician region: an assessment of the 1994-1999 and 2000-2006 Galician CSFs

This paper focuses on the evaluation, for the Galician economy, of medium and long term effects of European Union Structural Funds through the impact of investments financed by the 1994-1999 and 2000-2006 Galician Community Support Frameworks (CSFs). To carry out our analysis we use a supply-side model estimated with a panel of regional data. In our approach we simulate the evolution of the Galician economy under two scenarios: Without and with the investments financed by the CSFs, so comparison of simulated actions for these two scenarios allow us to quantify the intensity of the incentive effects in the growth of income, employment and stock of capital.
Phytoremediation and phytomining: using plants to remediate contaminated or mineralized environments

One type of harsh environment for plants is metal-and metalloid-contaminated or mineralized soils: these exist in most countries due to geological formations or to a history of mining and/or smelting. Depending on soil pH and fertility, metal-rich soils may be barren and eroding into wider areas. Some elements present risk to humans, wildlife, livestock, plants, or soil organisms and require remediation. The engineering approach of removing the contaminated soil is extremely expensive. Thus, alternative methods for in situ remediation of element-rich soils have been developed by the agricultural sciences. These methods include phytoextraction (growing plants which accumulate high concentrations of an element in shoots for removal from the field) and phytostabilization (adding soil amendments which convert soil elements into forms with much lower phytoavailability and bioavailability so they no longer pose a risk to the environment). Phytomining is a variant of phytoextraction in which the element accumulated in plant shoots has enough value to support farming a hyperaccumulator crop to produce a commercial bio-ore. This chapter reviews these valuable phytotechnologies which have been developed in the last few decades to reduce the costs of alleviating environmental risks of contaminated soils.
Cohort pro ﬁ le: the Finnish Medication and Alzheimer ’ s disease (MEDALZ) study

Purpose: The aim of the Medicine use and Alzheimer ’ s disease (MEDALZ) study is to investigate the changes in medication and healthcare service use among persons with Alzheimer ’ s disease (AD) and to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of medications in this group. This is important, because the number of persons with AD is rapidly growing and even though they are a particularly vulnerable patient group, the number of representative, large-scale studies with adequate follow-up time is limited. Participants: MEDALZ contains all residents of Finland who received a clinically verified diagnosis of AD between 2005 and 2011 and were community-dwelling at the time of diagnosis (N=70 719). The diagnosis is based on the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCS-ADRDA) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for Alzheimer ’ s disease. The cohort contains socioeconomic data (education, occupational status and taxable income, 1972 – 2012) and causes of death (2005 – 2012), data from the prescription register (1995 – 2012), the special reimbursement register (1972 – 2012) and the hospital discharge register (1972 – 2012). Future updates are planned. The average age was 80.1 years (range 34.5 – 104.6 years). The majority of cohort (65.2%) was women. Currently, the average length of follow-up after AD diagnosis is 3.1 years and altogether 26 045 (36.8%) persons have died during the follow-up. Findings: Altogether 53% of the cohort had used psychotropic drugs within 1 year after AD diagnoses. The initiation rate of for example, benzodiazepines and related drugs and antidepressants began to increase already before AD diagnosis. Future plans: We are currently assessing if these, and other commonly used medications are related to adverse events such as death, hip fractures, head injuries and pneumonia.
30 years of tourism research : a bibliography of Japanese tourism (1980~2009)

Since the 1980s Japan has emerged as a key international outbound tourism nation. The world over, Japanese tourists though valued for their contribution to respective inbound destinations’ economies are often however seen as a cultural curiosity when placed alongside their western counterparts. Based on these qualities of economic importance and socio-cultural uniqueness tourism from, and of, Japan is one of great potential that provides research with a distinct alternative to the European tourism model. Based on Japan’s international outbound figures, this potential is yet to be reached as both growth and stagnation have marked
Current Opinion in Psychology Understanding the psychological appeal of populism

: Psychology can play an important role in expanding our understanding of the demand-side of populism by revealing its underlying relational logic. Social psychological perspectives on populism are beginning to show how: 1) the division between us (‘the good people’) and them (‘the corrupt elites’/’foreign others’) taps into core intergroup dynamics, 2) economic and cultural processes are construed in terms of basic status concerns
RHEUMATOLOGY WORKFORCE IN LATIN AMERICA: TRAINING AND CURRENT STATUS PATIENT EDUCATION IN PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS: A SERVICE EVALUATION AT ONE YEAR

Most European patients would agree to change treatment to lower pain. Almost 82% stated they would accept rare adverse events in order to avoid invalidity, to confirm a better future outcome. US patients were more prone to stick to current therapy than escalade to increase clinical response. However, asked about novel therapies, Romanians were reluctant to changing treatment despite insufficient benefit, if the risk of cancer was noted. There was a high agreement that a delay in treatment would be unsatisfactory for both familial and professional chores. Conclusion: There are regional differences in knowledge and perceptions about RA treatment. Romanian patients know less on T2T algorithm. Improving awareness of the T2T strategy among RA patients may need different types of support depending on the patient’s place of residence. References: [1] Smolen, J. S. et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2016 update. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 76, 960–977 (2017). [2] Owensby, J. K. et al. Patientand RheumatologistPerspectives Regarding Challenges to Achieving Optimal Disease Control in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Care Res. (Hoboken). 0–2 (2019). Disclosure of Interests: CLAUDIA COBILINSCHI Speakers bureau: novartis, Maria Danila Speakers bureau: as personally stated, Daniela Opris-Belinski Speakers bureau: as declared, Ioana Saulescu Speakers bureau: Eli-Lilly, Pfizer, Laura Groseanu Speakers bureau: novartis, eli-lilly, ucb, pfizer,sandoz, Sanziana Daia-Iliescu Speakers bureau: sandoz, Catalin Codreanu Consultant of: Speaker and consulting fees from AbbVie, Accord Healthcare, Alfasigma, Egis, Eli Lilly, Ewopharma, Genesis, Mylan, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sandoz, UCB, Speakers bureau: Speaker and consulting fees from AbbVie, Accord Healthcare, Alfasigma, Egis, Eli Lilly, Ewopharma, Genesis, Mylan, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sandoz, UCB, Razvan Ionescu Speakers bureau: as personally stated, Magda Parvu Consultant of: Speaker fee and consultant: Pfizer, Novartis, Roche, Abbvie, UCB, Eli-Lilly, Speakers bureau: Speaker fee and consultant: Pfizer, Novartis, Roche, Abbvie, UCB, Eli-Lilly, Horatiu Popoviciu Speakers bureau: as personally stated, CODRINA ANCUTA Consultant of: AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, Novartis, UCB, Ewopharma, Merck Sharpe and Dohme, and Eli Lilly, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, Novartis, UCB, Ewopharma, Merck Sharpe and Dohme, and Eli Lilly, Elena Rezus: None declared, Claudia Mihailov Speakers bureau: as personally stated, Ruxandra Ionescu Consultant of: Consulting fees from Abbvie, Eli-Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sandoz, Speakers bureau: Consulting and speaker fees from Abbvie, Eli-Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sandoz DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4747
University of Birmingham Congestion Management with Dynamic Line Ratings Considering Network Imbalance

—Dynamic Line rating can be used as a temporary alternative to manage congestion in networks that have high penetration of renewable generation. Key factors for implementing dynamic line ratings in scheduling and planning are network imbalance constraints. Modern power systems are expected to have some degree of imbalance even at the transmission level due to the presence of embedded generation and uncoordinated electric vehicle charging. This paper presents a new mathematical framework to generalize the extended conic quadratic optimal power flow with dynamic line rating in the context of three-phase load flow formulation. Extended cases were studied and results indicate that the proposed approach can be well fitted to unbalanced operating conditions when each phase of the system is considered separately with mutual coupling between phases. Dynamic line rating (DLR) proved to provide considerable benefits in unbalanced networks with no adverse effects on voltage imbalance.
the archived peer-reviewed author-version of: Medical costs of treatment and survival of patients with acute myeloid leukemia in

The advent of new cell-based immunotherapies for leukemia offers treatment possibilities for certain leukemia subgroups. The wider acceptability of these new technologies in clinical practice will depend on its impact on survival and costs. Due to the small patient groups who have received it, these aspects have remained understudied. This non-randomized single-center study evaluated medical costs and survival for acute myeloid leukemia between 2005 and 2010 in 50 patients: patients treated with induction and consolidation chemotherapy (ICT) alone; patients treated with ICT plus allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT), which is the current preferred post-remission therapy in patients with intermediate-and poor-risk AML with few co-morbidities, and patients treated with ICT plus immunotherapy using autologous dendritic cells (DC) engineered to express the Wilms’ tumor protein (WT1). Total costs including post-consolidation costs on medical care at the hematology ward and outpatient clinic, pharmaceutical prescriptions, intensive care ward, laboratory tests and medical imaging were analyzed. Survival was markedly better in HCT and DC. HCT and DC were more costly than ICT. The median total costs for HCT and DC were similar. These results need to be confirmed to enable more thorough cost-effectiveness analyses, based on observations from multicenter, randomized clinical trials and preferably using quality-adjusted life-years as an outcome measure.
the archived peer-reviewed

The mechanical stability of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) at high pressure was studied by high-resolution resonant Raman and wavelength-dependent fluorescence-excitation (PLE) spectroscopy resolving the vibrational and electronic resonances of 18 individual chiralities and furthermore even resolving the different behavior of empty (closed, pristine) and water-filled (opened) SWCNTs (diameter range = 0.6-1.42 nm). We find that water-filling exerts a stabilizing counter pressure on the SWCNT walls, leading to an increasing difference between the radial breathing mode frequencies of water-filled and empty SWCNTs at elevated pressures. For small diameter SWCNTs ( d <1nm) with a chiral angle of ~ 12º, in particular for the (7,2) chirality, an anomalous behavior is observed, revealing an increased mechanical instability for these SWCNTs. We furthermore ascribe the longstanding contradiction between experiments and theory on the collapse pressure of SWCNTs to the presence of filling in most experiments to date, while empty SWCNTs follow the theoretically predicted collapse behavior.
UNSW Business School Working Paper

A challenger wants a resource initially held by a defender, who can negotiate a settlement by offering to share the resource; if this fails, conﬂict ensues. We propose a dynamic non-cooperative game in which negotiation and conﬂict inﬂuence each other. During conﬂict each player could be a tough type for whom ﬁghting is costless; therefore non-concession intimidates the opponent into conceding. We derive how the probabilities of being tough, relative discount factors, and the time until conﬂict all determine the likelihood of conﬂict and its length. Several policy relevant lessons emerge. An offer made by a defender unaware of his own type fails with some probability if the threat of conﬂict is imminent, but succeeds for sure if the threat of conﬂict is distant and the defender is more patient than the challenger. Instead, if the offer is made by a privately informed and more patient defender, negotiation fails completely. Finally, allowing multiple offers is no more effective---a serious offer is made only on the brink of conﬂict. Conﬂict can be prolonged even if the probability of the tough type is arbitrarily small.