Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF ALLIUM EXTRACTS IN STIMULATING RICE GROWTH

In Indonesia, the demand for rice always increases from year to year. However, the rice production in 2021 decreased by 0.45% more than in 2020. Therefore, production needs to be improved again to meet national food self-sufficiency. One of the innovations to increase growth is utilizing natural plant growth regulators (PGRs) derived from Allium extracts. This study aimed to find one of the best types of Allium extract that can stimulate rice growth. The study area was conducted in the greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. The research was a single factor arranged in a complete randomized design (CRD) and three replications. The treatments involved four allium species i.e., control (without treatment), shallot ( Allium ascalonicum L.), garlic ( Allium sativum L.), and onion ( Allium cepa L.). Each type of Allium extract was used at a concentration of 20%. The research results showed that the Allium extract types significantly affected seedling growth, especially seedling height for the first time. The shallot and garlic extracts decreased seedling dry weight. The Allium extract types can stimulate shoot dry weight clump -1 . Application of shallot extract could cause the highest grain dry weight clump -1 . The study findings show that shallot and garlic extracts harm seed germination and seedling growth, but the onion extract does not. However, shallot is a type of Allium whose extract can stimulate rice growth. Therefore, we recommend the shallot extract type for stimulating growth in rice cultivation.
Influence of Social Media Marketing Strategies and Best Practices on E-Satisfaction And E-Loyalty

This study investigated hotels' social media marketing strategies in Davao Region. Also, it determined the perceived effectiveness of the social media marketing used by the selected hotels' level of e-satisfaction of tourists using social media marketing by selected hotels. This study used a descriptive research design since it aimed to explain and interpret the findings gathered from the quantitative data. There were 455 respondents for the quantitative data and eight (8) respondents for the qualitative data. Instruments used in the study were an adapted survey questionnaire and an in-depth interview utilizing the research guide questions. The study participants were purposively selected, and the questionnaires were distributed equally. This study analyzed the statistical data using the Frequency, Weighted Median, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman's Rank-Order Correlation, and Multiple Regression Analysis. Data revealed that social media is one of the most cost-efficient digital marketing methods; Facebook is the most prevalent Social Networking Site (SNS) used by hotels and use third-party booking sites to support the hotel's revenue. Moreover, findings showed that selected hotels implemented a high level of effectiveness of social media, a high level of customers' e-satisfaction on social media, and a high level of e-loyalty of hotels' customers on social media marketing strategies by hotels. Thus, the result clarified that compared to social media marketing, e-satisfaction, as a factor in general, was influential in igniting e-loyalty. Lastly, three (3) best practices were identified from the participants: innovation, customer engagement, and accessibility.
Unraveling the Gut-Brain Axis in Multiple Sclerosis: Exploring Dysbiosis, Oxidative Stress, and Therapeutic Insights

This comprehensive review delves into the intricate relationship between the gut microbiota and multiple sclerosis (MS), shedding light on the potential therapeutic avenues for this complex autoimmune disease. It emphasizes the multifactorial nature of MS, including genetic, environmental, and gender-related factors. Furthermore, the article highlights the emerging role of gut microbiota in MS pathophysiology, particularly in terms of gut dysbiosis, oxidative stress, and inflammasome activation within the gut-brain axis. This interplay raises intriguing questions about how the gut microbiota influences the onset and progression of MS. Environmental factors, such as diet and pollutants, add further layers of complexity to the connection between gut health and MS risk. This review also discusses promising therapeutic interventions, such as fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, dietary adjustments, and gut-derived metabolites that offer potential avenues for managing MS. It underscores the need for ongoing research to fully unravel the complexities of the role of the gut-brain axis in MS. Ultimately, this article provides a comprehensive exploration of the topic, offering hope for novel preventive and therapeutic strategies that could significantly improve the lives of individuals affected by this challenging autoimmune condition.
Rainfall in the Andean Páramo: New Insights from High-Resolution Monitoring in Southern Ecuador

AbstractIn mountainous regions, rainfall plays a key role in water supply for millions of people. However, rainfall data for these sites are limited and generally of low quality, making it difficult to evaluate the nature, amount, and timing of rainfall. This is particularly true for the paramo, a high-elevation grassland in the northern Andes that is a primary source of water for large populations in Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. In this study, high-resolution laser disdrometer data and standard tipping-bucket rain gauge data were used to improve knowledge of rainfall in the paramo. For 36 months, rainfall was monitored in a high-elevation (3780 m MSL) headwater catchment in southern Ecuador. Average annual rainfall during this period was 1345 mm. Results indicate that (i) when input from very low–intensity events (drizzle) is taken into account, rainfall is 15% higher than previously thought; (ii) rainfall occurs throughout the year (only approximately 12% of the days are dry); (iii) rainfall occurs.
SVD-Based Identification of Parameters of the Discrete-Time Stochastic Systems Models with Multiplicative and Additive Noises Using Metaheuristic Optimization

The paper addresses a parameter identification problem for discrete-time stochastic systems models with multiplicative and additive noises. Stochastic systems with additive and multiplicative noises are considered when solving many practical problems related to the processing of measurements information. The purpose of this work is to develop a numerically stable gradient-free instrumental method for solving the parameter identification problems for a class of mathematical models described by discrete-time linear stochastic systems with multiplicative and additive noises on the basis of metaheuristic optimization and singular value decomposition. We construct an identification criterion in the form of the negative log-likelihood function based on the values calculated by the newly proposed SVD-based Kalman-type filtering algorithm, taking into account the multiplicative noises in the equations of the state and measurements. Metaheuristic optimization algorithms such as the GA (genetic algorithm) and SA (simulated annealing) are used to minimize the identification criterion. Numerical experiments confirm the validity of the proposed method and its numerical stability compared with the usage of the conventional Kalman-type filtering algorithm.
EFL Teachers’ and Experts’ Perspectives Toward Assessment Literacy in Digital Environments

Despite a large number of studies on teachers’ assessment literacy (AL) and the increasing interest in digital assessment, there is a paucity of research on teachers’ AL in digital environments (TALiDE). To bridge this gap, the current study explored the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on TALiDE, the roles, and competencies underlying TALiDE, and whether technology needs to be considered in the conceptualization of AL. The data were collected from an open-ended questionnaire and a set of interviews investigating the perspectives of 27 participants (12 experts and 15 EFL teachers). The findings, inferred from content and thematic analyses of data, reflected teachers’ raised awareness as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic experience, which resulted in an understanding of new approaches to assessment and increased value of TALiDE. Furthermore, compared to the existing literature on AL, roles and competencies underlying TALiDE corresponded to five main subthemes: teacher as a knower, implementer, confident technology user, moral agent, and learner. Finally, findings speculated a potential role for technology in the AL concept. This study can provide teacher trainers, educational policymakers, and course designers with implications for designing teacher development courses and programs to integrate TALiDE into their training practices.
Evaluation of hydroalcoholic extract of Vitex negundo leaves for its anthelmintic activity on Tubifex tubifex

Background: The purpose of this study was to screen the anthelmintic property of a hydroalcoholic extract of Vitex negundo leaves. It is widely used for the treatment of anti-inflammatory, enzyme inhibitory, oxidative stress, cytotoxic impact in the ayurvedic medicine system as well as it is also used as a folk medicine in joint pain. The other parts of this plant are scientifically proven for its anthelmintic activity. The most important activities like glucose uptake, enzyme inhibitory activity, auxin transportation etc. have already been proven but still there is no scientific data available on anthelmintic activity of Vitex negundo leaves. Methods: The hydroalcoholic extract of Vitex negundo leaves was obtained by maceration process and various phytochemical tests were performed. Limit test, main test and comparative test were performed to investigate the anthelmintic activity. Results: The paralysis and death time of the Tubifex tubifex worms was noted and the minimum concentration of dose responsible for death of all the test worms within 4 hours was calculated. Albendazole suspension was used as standard drug. The data shows statistically significant by using one-way ANNOVA, Dunnett's post-parametric test between test group and standard group data (P<0.01). Conclusion: Therefore, the hydroalcoholic extract of Vitex negundo leaves has the potential to be used as a natural anthelmintic agent. Keywords: Vitex negundo, hydroalcoholic extract, anthelmintic activity, Tubifex tubifex, paralysis time, death time, Albendazole.
Comprehensive Functional Analysis of the bZIP Family in Bletilla striata Reveals That BsbZIP13 Could Respond to Multiple Abiotic Stresses

Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors (TFs) are one of the largest families involved in plant physiological processes such as biotic and abiotic responses, growth, and development, etc. In this study, 66 members of the bZIP family were identified in Bletilla striata, which were divided into 10 groups based on their phylogenetic relationships with AtbZIPs. A structural analysis of BsbZIPs revealed significant intron–exon differences among BsbZIPs. A total of 63 bZIP genes were distributed across 16 chromosomes in B. striata. The tissue-specific and germination stage expression patterns of BsbZIPs were based on RNA-seq. Stress-responsive expression analysis revealed that partial BsbZIPs were highly expressed under low temperatures, wounding, oxidative stress, and GA treatments. Furthermore, subcellular localization studies indicated that BsbZIP13 was localized in the nucleus. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays suggested that BsbZIP13 could interact with multiple BsSnRK2s. The results of this study provide insightful data regarding bZIP TF as one of the stress response regulators in B. striata, while providing a theoretical basis for transgenic and functional studies of the bZIP gene family in B. striata.
SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION AMONG HEALTH SCIENCES STUDENTS AND ITS RELATION TO LOCUS OF CONTROL

Depression frequently has an onset during university years and students that develop depression during university life may be influenced by locus of control. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of depression among students of health sciences in UiTM Puncak Alam and the association between locus of control and depression. A cross-sectional study was done on 315 health sciences students via convenience sampling. Data were obtained through an online questionnaire using CES-D and MHLC-A. The result showed that the prevalence of symptoms of depression among health sciences students was high (42.9%). A negative association was found between depression and the internal locus of control, IHLC (rs = -0.558, p < 0.001), while a positive association was found between depression and both the external locus of control, PHLC (rs = 0.236, p < 0.001) and CHLC (rs = 0.470, p < 0.001). Socio-demographic characteristics that were significantly associated with depression are gender (p = 0.044), CGPA (p = 0.006), living arrangement (p = 0.003), parent’s marital status (p = 0.002) and family income (p = 0.023), while socio-demographic characteristics that were significantly associated with locus of control is CGPA (p = 0.001), living arrangement (p = 0.001) and parent’s marital status (p = 0.004). Locus of control can be considered one of the significant variables when addressing depression among students. The implication of this study for occupational therapy practice is to plan for prevention and develop interventions to assist students in adapting and facing challenging situations.
Evaluating rice losses in delayed rough rice drying.

Rough rice drying plays an important role in post-harvest practices. Excessive losses can be avoided if drying had conducted properly. Head rice yield (HRY) is a commonly accepted standard for measuring rice milling quality. After harvesting, in major rice producing regions of Iran, there would be delayed rough rice drying and milling due to great deals of produced paddy and low capacity of rice milling plants. This research aimed to investigate the effect of various drying dates on milling recovery head rice yield. The experiments were conducted on five different dates of 0, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days after harvesting and two long grain cultivars of Hashemi (local) and Khazar (improved). The results revealed that cultivars and drying dates had significant (p<0.01) effects on head rice yield. Head rice yield for Hashemi had a decreasing trend under delayed drying dates whereas there was not such a circumstance for Khazar. The highest head rice yield (58.78%) obtained when Hashemi dried immediately after harvesting but for Khazar (57.44%), when it was dried by the most delay.
Energy deficiency promotes rhythmic foraging behavior by activating neurons in paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus

Background Dysregulation of feeding behavior leads to a variety of pathological manifestations ranging from obesity to anorexia. The foraging behavior of animals affected by food deficiency is not fully understood. Methods Home-Cage system was used to monitor the behaviors. Immunohistochemical staining was used to monitor the trend of neuronal activity. Chemogenetic approach was used to modify neuronal activity. Results We described here a unique mouse model of foraging behavior and unveiled that food deprivation significantly increases the general activities of mice with a daily rhythmic pattern, particularly foraging behavior. The increased foraging behavior is potentiated by food cues (mouthfeel, odor, size, and shape) and energy deficit, rather than macronutrient protein, carbohydrate, and fat. Notably, energy deficiency increases nocturnal neuronal activity in paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH), accompanying a similar change in rhythmic foraging behavior. Activating neuronal activity in PVH enhances the amplitude of foraging behavior in mice. Conversely, inactivating neuronal activity in PVH decreases the amplitude of foraging behavior and impairs the rhythm of foraging behavior. Discussion These results illustrate that energy status and food cues regulate the rhythmic foraging behavior via PVH neuronal activity. Understanding foraging behavior provides insights into the underlying mechanism of eating-related disorders.
Presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment – an underestimated threat to environmental health and a challenge for education *

The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, also through the use of veterinary drugs, is a significant environmental health problem. Pharmaceuticals are constantly discharged with wastewater into the environment. As biologically active substances designed to act in low concentrations, they are used in medicine and veterinary medicine. The main sources of their occurrence in the environment include their production, medicinal use, improper disposal and excretion by both humans and animals. Due to their tendency to bioac-cumulate, they pose a threat to all levels of trophic chains in the environment. Purpose of the study: The purpose of this paper is to present issues related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment in the context of environmental health and environmental education. Research methods: Studies, including epidemiological ones, on the risk of adverse health effects associated with the presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment were reviewed. The literature review covering the years 2013-2022 was conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, and included studies focusing on the identifica - tion of pharmaceuticals and possible adverse health effects. Results: The presence of pharmaceuticals in water poses real risks, including those related to hormonal imbalance in human and animal bodies, or the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Conclusions: The presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment is a global problem. Therefore, there is a need to develop wastewater treatment technologies to effectively eliminate these compounds from water and wastewater. It is also necessary take educational measures.
The research of remote sensing duststorm with FY-3B three infrared channels

April 8, 2012, the east region of Inner Mongolia out broke a strong sandstorm. Based on the analysis of the spectral characteristics of dust, cloud and surface, this paper propose a duststorm mask algorithm for the identification of dust coverage region by using three infrared channels of FY-3B. By utilizing diurnal variation of brightness temperature of dust aerosol, the bi-temporal thermal dust index was established to represent the intensity of duststorm. Through the analysis we found that BTDI has a high negative correlation with aerosol optical depth which can be used as an effective means to monitor the duststorm.
Use of Tourniquet Under Sedation Anesthesia or the Walant Techniques in Bilateral Carpal Tunnel Surgery: A Comparative Analysis

Aim: The objective of the study was to compare the outcomes and patient satisfaction of two different anesthesia techniques; wide-awake-local anesthesia-no tourniquet (WALANT) and sedation anesthesia with a tourniquet, in open carpal tunnel release surgery for bilateral cases. Material and Methods: The study included 57 patients (41 female, 16 male) who underwent carpal tunnel release surgery between January 2016 and September 2021. The files were retrospectively evaluated and included in the present study. Patient evaluations were conducted using QuickDASH and Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire scores before surgery, on the 15th day after suture removal, and at six months postoperatively. Surgical duration and complications were also recorded. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the outcomes between the two groups. Results: Both QDash and MHQ scores were analyzed for anesthesia effects on hands. The study's reliability was ensured by an 85% statistical power, 95% confidence level, and p<0.05 significance. The results showed no significant differences in QuickDASH and Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire scores between WALANT and sedation anesthesia Surgical duration was similar for sedation and WALANT groups. Patient preference was inconclusive, with comfort and symptom relief prioritized. Notably, neither group experienced complications like nerve injuries or infections. Conclusion: The study found that both WALANT and sedation anesthesia with a tourniquet were equally effective and provided similar levels of patient comfort and satisfaction in open carpal tunnel release surgery. The choice between these techniques can be based on individual preferences and considerations.
Stratified flow over topography: the role of small-scale entrainment and mixing in flow establishment

Stratified flow over topography is examined in the context of its establishment from rest. A key element of numerical and steady–state analytical solutions for large amplitude topographic flow is the splitting of streamlines, which then enclose a trapped wedge of mixed fluid above the rapidly moving deeper layer. Measurements have been acquired that illustrate the development of this wedge and the role played by small–scale instabilities and mixing formed initially by the acceleration of subcritical stratified flow over the obstacle crest. The volume of trapped fluid progressively increases with time, permitting the primary flow to descend beneath it over the lee face of the obstacle. Throughout the evolution of this flow, small–scale instability and consequent entrainment would seem to be a prime candidate for producing the weakly stratified wedge, thus allowing establishment of the downslope flow to take place. Velocity structure of instabilities within the entrainment zone is observed and the associated entrainment rate determined. The entrainment is sufficient to produce a slow downstream motion within the upper layer and a density step between the layers that decreases with downstream distance. The resulting internal hydraulic response is explained in terms of a theory that accommodates the spatially variable density difference across the sheared interface. The measurements described here were acquired in a coastal inlet subject to gradually changing tidal currents. It is proposed that the observed mechanism for flow establishment also has application to atmospheric flow over mountains.
lidar-based, and modeled aerosol optical properties in the Central European background – identifying sources of deviations

A unique data set derived from remote sensing, airborne, and ground-based in situ measurements is presented. The studyThis measurement report highlights the known complexity of comparing multiple aerosol optical parameters 15 examined with different approaches considering different states of humidification and atmospheric aerosol concentrations. Mie-theory-based modeled aerosol optical properties are compared with respective results of airborne and ground-based in-situ measurements and remote sensing (lidar, photometer) performed at the rural central European observatory at Melpitz, Germany. Calculated extinction-to-backscatter ratios (lidar ratios) were in the range of previously reported values. However, the lidar ratio is not only a function of the prevailing aerosol type but also ofand the relative humidity. The particle lidar 20 ratio ( LR ) dependence on relative humidity was quantified and followed the trend found in previous studies. We present a fit function for the lidar wavelengths of 355, 532, and 1064 nm with an underlying equation of f LR ( RH , γ ( λ )) = f LR ( RH =0, λ )×(1-RH ) -γ( λ ) , with the derived estimates of γ(355