Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Détection d'anomalies à la volée dans des flux de données de grande dimension

Le theme principal de cette these est d'etudier la detection d'anomalies dans des flux de donnees de grande dimension avec une application specifique au \emph{Health Monitoring} des moteurs d'avion. Dans ce travail, on considere que le probleme de la detection d'anomalies est un probleme d'apprentissage non supervisee. Les donnees modernes, notamment celles issues de la surveillance des systemes industriels sont souvent des flux d'observations de grande dimension, puisque plusieurs mesures sont prises a de hautes frequences et a un horizon de temps qui peut etre infini. De plus, les donnees peuvent contenir des anomalies (pannes) du systeme surveille. La plupart des algorithmes existants ne peuvent pas traiter des donnees qui ont ces caracteristiques. Nous introduisons d'abord un algorithme de clustering probabiliste offline dans des sous-espaces pour des donnees de grande dimension qui repose sur l'algorithme d'esperance-maximisation (EM) et qui est, en plus, robuste aux anomalies grâce a la technique du trimming. Ensuite, nous nous interessons a la question du clustering probabiliste online de flux de donnees de grande dimension en developpant l'inference online du modele de melange d'analyse en composantes principales probabiliste. Pour les deux methodes proposees, nous montrons leur efficacite sur des donnees simulees et reelles, issues par exemple des moteurs d'avion. Enfin, nous developpons une application integree pour le Health Monitoring des moteurs d'avion dans le but de detecter des anomalies de facon dynamique. Le systeme propose introduit des techniques originales de detection et de visualisation d'anomalies reposant sur les cartes auto-organisatrices. Des resultats de detection sont presentes et la question de l'identification des anomalies est aussi discutee.
Historical dictionary of the peoples of the Southeast Asian massif

Part 1 List of Illustrations Part 2 Editor's Foreword Part 3 Preface Part 4 Acknowledgments Part 5 Reader's Note Part 6 Acronyms and Abbreviations Part 7 Chronology Part 8 Maps Part 9 Introduction Part 10 THE DICTIONARY Part 11 Bibliography Part 12 About the Author
FAUNAL REMAINS AND SUBSISTENCE PRACTICES AT THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE LA PLAYA (SON:F:10:3), IN SONORA, MEXICO

Abstract Results from the analysis of faunal remains collected from the archaeological site La Playa, Sonora, Mexico, constitute the focus of this paper. Based on the identifications of the archaeozoological material, the subsistence practices (mobility to hunt prey, resource diversity, and organization to obtain them) of the population who inhabited La Playa in the Early Agricultural period (1500/800 B.C.-A.D. 200) were determined. It seems from the results that La Playa was a location that offered to humans a wide range of resources without having to travel very far. Mammals are the focus: antelope jackrabbit and mule deer make up the most abundant species in the sample. The group of birds was not part of the food resources: it was used for ritual purposes. River fish are poorly represented in the sample of La Playa. This is a common and extensive pattern for the sites from the Early Agricultural period in Arizona. It is possible that the population did not need to create a specific technology to hunt these kinds of animals. Even though the agriculture was important for subsistence, hunting continues to be a crucial part of food resources. Abstract Los resultados del estudio de los restos óseos de animales recolectados en el Sitio Arqueológico La Playa son el principal tema de este artículo. Con base en la identificación del material arqueozoológico, se determinaron las prácticas de subsistencia (el tipo de movilidad para obtener los alimentos, la diversidad de los recursos empleados y la organización para conseguirlos) de los habitantes de La Playa en el período de Agricultura Temprana (1500/800 a.C.–200 d.C.). De acuerdo con los resultados, La Playa fue un lugar que ofreció a la población humana recursos zoológicos abundantes sin tener que viajar muy lejos. La población se enfocó en el grupo de mamíferos: la Liebre antílope y el Venado bura fueron las especies más abundantes en la muestra. El grupo de las aves no formó parte de la alimentación: fue utilizado para fines rituales. Los peces de río están poco representados en la muestra de La Playa, patrón recurrente y extensivo a sitios del período Agricultura Temprana de Arizona. Probablemente no existió la necesidad de crear una tecnología específica para cazar estos grupos de animales. Asimismo, aunque la agricultura era un componente básico en la subsistencia, la caza continúa siendo crucial en la alimentacón.
A novel single Z-source based multi level inverter for renewable source

A novel single Z-source based seven level multilevel inverter. In this topology single Z-source impedance network is used to boost up the output voltage using shoot through state control. A new PWM technique is implemented by using three reference signals and a triangular carrier signal which are used to generate the PWM signals for inverter switches, and the shoot through state for Z-network is achieved by inserting DC reference signal. The advantage of proposed topology makes reduction in number of switches, and this new configuration is suitable for applications working at lower and medium power levels.
Nonlinear LC Circuit with Josephson Junction

This paper illustrates a unified approach, classical circuit and control theories, to study a nonlinear LC circuit with a current dependent inductance as model of the Josephson junction, the mathematical analysis is complemented with simulations to visualize different dynamics under changes in parameters and inputs. Currently, in quantum computing, superconducting circuits with Josephson junctions are used as the building blocks of quantum bits or qubits.
Evaluating the congestion reduction impacts of public transport - A comparative assessment

This paper presents a comparative assessment of international research valuing the congestion relief impacts of public transport (PT). It explores previous research valuing congestion relief impacts and examines secondary evidence demonstrating changes in mode split associated with changes in public transport. The research establishes a framework for estimating the monetary value of the congestion reduction impacts of public transport. To illustrate findings a theoretical model is presented where congestion impact evidence is applied to understand congestion relief impacts. Section 2 of this paper outlines the methodological approaches adopted in previous research concerning PT and congestion relief impacts. Section 3 summarises valuations of PT congestion relief benefits from Australasian, European and North American research. Section 4 synthesises the research from section 2 and 3 to establish valuations of congestion relief impacts on a common currency and single year basis. Section 5 reviews mode shift evidence associated with car travel and public transport changes. Section 6 presents a theoretical model where research findings are illustrated by estimating congestion relief impacts for a hypothetical city model. The paper concludes with a summary of key findings and suggestions for further research. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E217541.
Liability: The Legal Revolution and Its Consequences

The author wastes no time in identifying the villain and hero of his book, nor does he make much effort either to soften his harsh, multifaceted criticism of the former or to qualify his effusive, allencompassing praise of the latter. Tort law, the law of accidents and personal injury, "directly costs American individuals, businesses, municipalities, and other government bodies at least $80 billion a year," claims Huber. This "tort tax is a recent invention," "a peculiarly American institution. " In contrast, in the good old days, "most accidents were handled under the broad heading of contract—the realm of human cooperation. " The author unabashedly states, "Freedom of choice, private or public, exercised under an umbrella of direct insurance, is the only certain path to a safer and healthier world, with more financial security for all. " Huber believes that almost all of the economic problems attributable to physical and psychological human injuries, which
Cross-display Object Movement in Multi-display Environments

The action of moving GUI elements (e.g. cursors, windows, and icons) from one display to another is fundamental for environments that have more than one display. Although many techniques exist that allow cross-display object movement, it is difficult to know which technique is appropriate for which system, and how different techniques compare to each other. To address this lack of knowledge I propose an analysis of cross-display object movement in three levels: how the destination display is referred to, how the gesture corresponds to the physical arrangement of the displays in the environment, and how the user gets feedback about her actions. The analysis enables a categorization of existing techniques that will support the choice of the right interaction technique for the right environment. ACM Classification: H.5. 2 Information Interfaces and Presentation: User Interfaces Interaction Styles; Input devices and strategies; General terms: Design, Human Factors.
FDI and Economic Growth : The Role of Local Financial Markets *

The purpose of this paper is to examine the various links among foreign direct investment, financial markets and economic growth. We model an economy with a continuum of agents indexed by their level of ability. Agents have two choices: they can work for the foreign company in the FDI sector and use their inherited wealth to earn a return or they can choose to undertake entrepreneurial activities, which are subject to a fixed set-up cost. Financial markets allow entrepreneurs in the economy to finance the set-up costs and take advantage of knowledge spillovers from FDI. In addition to the analytical solution of the model, an empirical analysis is also provided using crosscountry data from different sets of countries between 1970-1995. To the best of our knowledge there has not been a theoretical and empirical study on the interaction between financial markets and FDI spillovers prior to this study. Our empirical evidence suggests that FDI plays an important role in contributing to economic growth. However, the level of development of local financial markets is crucial for these positive effects to be realized. JEL Classification: F23, F36, F43 ____________________ *We thank Eduardo Borenzstein, Ross Levine and Edmundo Murrugarra for their help with the data and Bent Sorensen and Alex Hoffmaister for valuable comments and suggestions. We received valuable comments from the participants of the macro seminar at Brandeis University and University of Houston. **Corresponding Author: Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan, Department of Economics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204, Sebnem.Kalemli-Ozcan@mail.uh. edu.
KAJIAN EKSPERIMENTAL PENGGUNAAN ABSORBER PASIR DAN ABSORBER BATU GERANIT TERHADAP LAJU PERPINDAHAN KALOR YANG DITERIMA AIR PADA KOLEKTOR SURYA TIPE PELAT DATAR

Kolektor surya merupakan suatu peralatan yang digunakan untuk menyerap energi surya menjadi energi thermal dan mentransferkan energi tersebut ke fluida. penggunaan variasi absorber bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan bahan alternatif yang tersedia dialam. Media absorber pasir dan batu granit merupakan material yang baik dalam menyimpan panas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh penggunaan absorber yang berbeda terhadap perpindahan kalor pada air. Kolektor diletakkan langsung dibawah sinar matahari agar terkena langsung sinar matahari. Variasi penggunaan absorber yang digunakan adalah absorber pasir, absorber batu granit dan absorber pasir granit. Metode pengambilan data pada penelitian ini adalah mengambil data langsung : intensitas radiasi global, temperatur absorber, temperatur air masuk dan temperatur air keluar kolektor. Dengan penggunaan tiga jenis absorber yang berbeda (absorber pasir, absorber batu granit dan absorber pasir granit) menyebabkan kalor yang diserap oleh air berbeda-beda. Pada debit 300 cc/menit kolektor surya dengan absorber pasir menghasilkan kalor yang diserap air sebesar 80,09 watt, kolektor surya absorber batu granit menghasilkan kalor yang diserap air sebesar 83,76 watt dan kolektor surya absorber pasir granit menghasilkan kalor yang diserap air sebesar 80,64 watt. Waktu penelitian juga mempengaruhi kalor yang diserap oleh air. Mulai pukul 10.00 – 12.30 WITA kalor yang diserap oleh air mengalami kenaikan dan pukul 12.45 – 17.00 WITA kalor yang diserap oleh air mengalami penurunan pada ketiga kolektor surya tersebut
Global summation of radial frequency patterns and the effect of sudden onset glare on shape discrimination

Global summation of radial frequency patterns and the effect of sudden onset glare on shape discrimination The purpose of this study was to provide evidence of global pooling around the circumference of the Radial frequency (RF) pattern, and to study the effect of sudden onset glare on shape discrimination. The RF stimuli were generated by the amplitude modulation of the radius of a circle which deforms them from circularity, while the cross sectional luminance profile was the fourth derivative of Gaussians (D4). The amplitude of the stimuli determines how distinct the pattern is and thus measures the degree of sensitivity while the radial frequency determines the number of lobes the pattern has. In the first part of the study, whole RF patterns (RF3 to RF16) and open component fractions (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75), which are incomplete sectors of the whole, were tested against their respective reference unmodulated patterns. Subjects were tasked with discriminating minute deviations from their reference patterns. In the second part of the study, high contrast (20 X detection threshold) RF3 and RF4 contours and equivalent low contrast (5 X detection threshold) RF3 and RF4 contours were used as stimuli. Shape discrimination threshold for the high contrast target was determined with and without sudden onset glare. The result of the first part of the study showed that threshold decreased significantly as larger component RF patterns were tested (p < 0.05). The decrease could not be accounted for by the probabilistic sampling of local filters (probability summation). The result of the second part of the study showed that shape discrimination threshold increased with sudden onset glare. The increase was even more pronounced with lower mean luminance and when smaller fractions of the contours were tested. Shape discrimination threshold was significantly higher with high contrast contours in the presence of glare than equivalent low contrast contours, indicating that the veiling luminance model alone could not account for a decrease in visual performance in this shape discrimination task.
Aggregating Evidence in Climate Science: Consilience, Robustness and the Wisdom of Multiple Models

The goal of this dissertation is to contribute to the epistemology of science by addressing a set of related questions arising from current discussions in the philosophy and science of climate change: (1) Given the imperfection of computer models, how do they provide information about large and complex target systems? (2) What is the relationship between consilient reasoning and robust evidential support in the production of scientific knowledge? (3) Does taking the mean of a set of model outputs provide epistemic advantages over using the output of a single ‘best model’? Synthesizing research in philosophy and science, the thesis analyzes connections among consilient inductions, robustness analysis, and the aggregation of various sources of evidence, including computer simulations, by investigating case studies of climate change that exemplify the strength of consilient reasoning and the security of robust evidential support. It also explains the rationale and epistemic conditions for improving estimates by averaging multiple estimates, comparing a simple case of averaging estimates to practices in multi-model ensemble studies. I argue: (A) the concepts of consilience and robustness account for the strength and security of inferences that rely on imperfect computer modelling methods, (B) consilient reasoning is conducive to attaining robust evidential support, and (C) an analogy can explain why averaging the outputs of multiple models can improve estimates of a target system, given that conditions of model independence, skill and unequal weighting are taken into account.
Direct estimation of permeability maps for low-dose CT perfusion

With the goal of achieving low radiation exposure from medical imaging, computed tomography perfusion (CTP) introduces challenging problems for both image reconstruction and perfusion parameter estimation in the qualitative and quantitative analyses. Conventional approaches address the reconstruction and the estimation processes separately. Since the hemodynamic parameter maps have much lower dimensionality than the original sinogram data, estimating hemodynamic parameters directly from sinogram will further reduce radiation exposure and save computational resources to reconstruct the intermediate time-series images. In this work, we propose the first direct estimation framework for CTP that integrates the time-series image reconstruction, contrast conversion, hematocrit correction and hemodynamic parameter estimation in one optimization function, which is solved using an efficient algorithm. Evaluations on the digital brain perfusion phantom and a clinical acute stroke subject demonstrate that the proposed direct estimation framework boosts the estimation accuracy remarkably in CTP scanning with lower radiation exposure.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) MOOCs as accelerators of social mobility ?

Due to their perceived scope and openness to socially underprivileged groups, Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have been presented as tools to enhance social mobility. However, there has also been evidence to suggest that MOOCs are mainly beneficial for privileged groups and could even contribute to an increasing gap in educational opportunities between privileged and underprivileged populations. This systematic review has evaluated 31 empirical studies to examine how MOOCs benefit the socially privileged in comparison to underprivileged groups. The literature has pointed out specific formal barriers that might make MOOCs less accessible for underprivileged learners. In addition, enrollment demographics displayed that the majority of MOOC learners is well educated, employed and from developed countries. Finally, the literature suggested that privileged learners could be more likely to complete a MOOC. Nevertheless, the literature indicated a notable share of underprivileged learners that would otherwise not enjoy higher education. Moreover, it is suggested that certain MOOCs might serve underprivileged learners more than other MOOCs. The implications of these findings and recommendations for future research will be discussed.
Racial differences in the relationship between number of cigarettes smoked and nicotine and carcinogen exposure.

INTRODUCTION Black smokers are reported to have higher lung cancer rates and greater tobacco dependence at lower levels of cigarette consumption compared to non-Hispanic White smokers. We studied the relationship between cigarettes per day (CPD) and biomarkers of nicotine and carcinogen exposure in Black and White smokers. METHODS In 128 Black and White smokers, we measured plasma nicotine and its main proximate metabolite cotinine, urine nicotine equivalents, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3)pyridyl-1-butanol (NNAL), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites. RESULTS The dose-response between CPD and nicotine equivalents, and NNAL and PAH was flat for Black but positive for White smokers (Race × CPD interaction, all ps < .05). Regression estimates for the Race × CPD interactions were 0.042 (95% CI 0.013-0.070), 0.054 (0.023-0.086), and 0.028 (0.004-0.052) for urine nicotine equivalents, NNAL, and PAHs, respectively. In contrast there was a strong correlation between nicotine equivalents and NNAL and PAH independent of race. Nicotine and carcinogen exposure per individual cigarette was inversely related to CPD. This inverse correlation was stronger in Black compared to White smokers and stronger in menthol compared to regular cigarette smokers (not mutually adjusted). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that Blacks on average smoke cigarettes differently than White smokers such that CPD predicts smoke intake more poorly in Black than in White smokers.
The Importance of Presupposition

The title of this paper may seem presumptuous. But I have chosen it anyway, as a signal of what I see as the central insight that recent studies of presuppo-sition in natural language have given us. Presuppositions are not what early discussions suggested and later ones have, I feel, still done too little to explicitly refute: obstacles to logical transparence, logical simplicity or well-deenedness of meaning, and thus a thing that languages would have been better oo without. On the contrary, presuppositions are valuable tools which language uses to guide the recipient of an utterance, discourse or text towards its intended meaning. In fact, given what we are beginning to understand about the ways in which presuppositions arise and the purposes they serve, it is hard to imagine how a natural language could exist without them. This paper is part of a larger enterprise and the rst of a series. So it would seem to be the right place for a general overview of the theory that has been the target of this enterprise and to say enough about it to give a clear idea of how it works, and how it diiers from other presupposition theories. Unfortunately, this would have required a paper well in excess of what is acceptable in a collection like the present one. So I have had to temper my ambitions and to select some parts of the overall account for special focus, while leaving out a good many others. After some hesitation what to retain of earlier, much bulkier drafts I decided to focus on two aspects of presupposition theory which seem to me to have received comparatively little attention in the literature so far. The rst is one that one might describe as`presuppositional multiplicity': Natural language sentences often give rise not just to one presupposition but to several presuppositions at once. It turns out that combinations of presuppositions triggered within one and the same sentence pose problems that go beyond what we see when focusing on individual presuppositions, as much of the existing
Stepping off the treadmill: a study of coaching on the RCN Clinical Leadership Programme

This phenomenological study is set in the context of leadership development in the National Health Service (NHS). The aim of the study was to provide an in-depth understanding of the Royal College of Nursing Clinical Leadership Development Programme (RCN CLP) participants’ experience of the coaching component of the programme. In-depth interviews were undertaken with eight clinical leaders who had recently completed the RCN CLP. The overarching theme emerging from the data suggested that coaching was seen as an opportunity for ‘stepping off the treadmill’. This main theme is underpinned by a further eighteen theme clusters, organised into 6 categories: out and in the comfort zone; mirror mirror; unconditional positive regard; creative conversations; ripple effect; and I’m OK, you’re OK. In this paper, the implications of the findings are discussed and recommendations for further research identified.