Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SYSTEMATIC SEARCH FOR EXTREMELY METAL-POOR GALAXIES IN THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY

We carry out a systematic search for extremely metal-poor (XMP) galaxies in the spectroscopic sample of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data release 7 (DR7). The XMP candidates are found by classifying all the galaxies according to the form of their spectra in a region 80 Å wide around Hα. Due to the data size, the method requires an automatic classification algorithm. We use k-means. Our systematic search renders 32 galaxies having negligible [N ii] lines, as expected in XMP galaxy spectra. Twenty-one of them have been previously identified as XMP galaxies in the literature—the remaining 11 are new. This was established after a thorough bibliographic search that yielded only some 130 galaxies known to have an oxygen metallicity 10 times smaller than the Sun (explicitly, with 12 + log (O/H) ⩽ 7.65). XMP galaxies are rare; they represent 0.01% of the galaxies with emission lines in SDSS/DR7. Although the final metallicity estimate of all candidates remains pending, strong-line empirical calibrations indicate a metallicity about one-tenth solar, with the oxygen metallicity of the 21 known targets being 12 + log (O/H) ≃ 7.61 ± 0.19. Since the SDSS catalog is limited in apparent magnitude, we have been able to estimate the volume number density of XMP galaxies in the local universe, which turns out to be (1.32 ± 0.23) × 10−4 Mpc−3. The XMP galaxies constitute 0.1% of the galaxies in the local volume, or ∼0.2% considering only emission-line galaxies. All but four of our candidates are blue compact dwarf galaxies, and 24 of them have either cometary shape or are formed by chained knots.
Matching domain-wall configuration and spin-orbit torques for efficient domain-wall motion

In our numerical study, we identify the best conditions for efficient domain-wall motion by spin-orbit torques originating from the spin Hall effect or Rashba effect. We demonstrate that the effect depends critically on the domain-wall configuration, the current injection scheme, and the symmetry of the spin-orbit torque. The best identified configuration corresponds to a N\'eel wall driven by the spin Hall effect in a narrow strip with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. In this case, the domain-wall velocity can be a factor of 10 larger than that for the conventional current-in-plane spin-transfer torque.
Employees’ Experiences of Accepting and Adopting HR Analytics: A Phenomenology Study

The growing and sustaining needs of today’s globalized organizations lead to a quest for competitive advantages through 3R’s: Reframing, Repositioning, and Reinventing. The current research suggests that these mutations initiate changes and provocations in almost every segment of working culture, fostering mutation for the complete organization leaving employees to accept and act. The study aims to focus on the employee experiences and the implications during the acceptance and adoption of HR analytics. Using a qualitative approach, a life-world phenomenology study with 22 employees associated with HR activities or decision-making process for employees and practicing change management were interviewed for 24 – 26 weeks before and after adopting HR analytics. The interviews were analyzed and texted, which was directed at evaluating qualitative meanings through a systematic process. It is then clustered and analyzed for defining themes and the purpose of the phenomenon. The study with the sample shows that HR analytics adoption and acceptance is not a cakewalk. The organization has to prepare its employees to adjust to new technology by supporting, encouraging, training, building the right attitude to bring change, and leading in an impactful manner. The adoption and acceptance of HR analytics among its users have various steps and criticalities. The study was conducted to highlight the emotions of employees during the transformative move toward technology adoption and usage that will help the organization develop the right model for initiating the use of HR analytics in the working culture. It provides insights and guidance for promoting ease of acceptance and adoption of HR analytics among its users.
Teacher Experiments and Experiences of Teaching Online during Covid-19 Pandemic – Study of School and College Teachers

During the Covid-19 outbreak, in India, specific instructions had been issued to the universities, colleges and schools by the Union Ministry of Education and the University Grants Commission (UGC) to maintain academic calendar, examination, etc. through online teaching by using different online educational technologies (UGC Guidelines on 29th April, 6th July, and 24th Sept, 2020). Against this backdrop, the present paper analyses the experiments and experiences that teachers had undergone during the pandemic in terms of practicing online teaching. Descriptive survey method was used to conduct the study by using a mixed form of online questionnaire through Google Form to seek data from teachers at school and tertiary levels. Findings suggested that the teachers had experienced and experimented themselves in using new technology tools to teach online to the students and also created learning resources for the students. A group of teachers was also quite critical on the issues relating to availability of smart phones, internet facility in remote areas, absenteeism in online classes, difficulty to address the psychomotor and affective domains, assessment, etc. The implications of the study are that a positive confidence among the teachers had been built to use technologies in teaching both online and in the conventional mode. The study also implies that there is the need to orient teachers for using technology in teaching and facilitating student learning. It also implicates to develop required online teaching infrastructure by both governments and educational institutions. Further, in the post-pandemic situation, the study has the implication that a blended-learning environment is essential to be created in all modes of teaching and learning i.e. both campus-based and distance/online learning.
Pleiotropic Effects of Vitamin D in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

The multifaceted activity of vitamin D in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presents a challenge for further research in this area. Vitamin D is involved in the regulation of bone mineral metabolism, it participates in the regulation of the immune system, and it is an underlying factor in the pathogenesis of IBD. Additionally, vitamin D affects Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes, influencing the release of cytokines and inhibiting tumor necrosis factor (TNF) expression and the wnt/β-catenin pathway. As far as IBDs are concerned, they are associated with microbiota dysbiosis, abnormal inflammatory response, and micronutrient deficiency, including vitamin D hypovitaminosis. In turn, the biological activity of active vitamin D is regulated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR) which is associated with several processes related to IBD. Therefore, in terms of research on vitamin D supplementation in IBD patients, it is essential to understand the metabolic pathways and genetic determinants of vitamin D, as well as to identify the environmental factors they are subject to, not only in view of osteoporosis prevention and therapy, but primarily concerning modulating the course and supplementation of IBD pharmacotherapy.
The Role of Dynapenia and Abdominal Obesity in Determining Fall Risk in the Elderly

Aim: Dynapenia (D) and abdominal obesity (AO) are associated with many adverse health outcomes in the elderly. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the role of dynapenia and abdominal obesity in determining the risk of falling in the elderly. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 (71.6±5.9) elderly, 228 of whom were women, were included in the study. All participants were evaluated with anthropometric measurements as well as hand grip strength, gait speed and Tinetti Balance and Gait Assesment (TBGA). AO was defined by waist circumference (WC) (WC≥102 cm in men and WC≥88 cm in women). Hand grip strength (HGS) was measured by hand dynamometry. Those with HGS <27 kg for men and <16 kg for women were defined as dineapenic (D). All participants were classified as ND/NAO, D/NAO, ND/AO, and D/AO. Results: Gait speed was found to be lower in the ND/AO and D/AO groups (p<0.001). According to TBGA scores, 25 (35.2%) of 71 patients with high fall risk were D/AO, while 27 (38%) were ND/AO (p=0.018). While the risk of high falls was 14.4% in the ND/AO group, this rate increased to 24% in the D/AO group. WC (p<0.001, OR= -0.01 [-0.01-0.01]), HGS (p=0.025, OR= 0.03 [0.00-0.01]) and TBGA (p<0.001, OR= 0.066 [0.06-0.07]) high were determined as predictors of fall risk. Conclusion: Our study showed that WC and HGS measurements, as well as TBGA, are effective in detecting high fall risk in the elderly. It may be possible to prevent falls and fall-related injuries by early detection of abdominal obesity and decreased muscle strength, which are among the correctable risk factors in the elderly, and by performing the necessary interventions.
Effects of Substrate Defects on Lipid Bilayer Compression Dynamics

In vivo and in vitro lipid bilayers are commonly supported by subcellular structures, particles, and artificial substrates. Deformation of the underlying structure can lead to large, localized deformations as the bilayer deforms to avoid stretching. In this work, we consider the effect of defects within the underlying substrate by simulating different bilayers supported by continuous and nanoporous substrates. We show that the bilayer behavior greatly depends on strain rate, and that substrate defects may contribute to the formation of nanotubes for compressed substrate.
Implementation of Beef Self-Support Program at the Department of Food Security and Livestock of North Sumatra Province

The purpose of this study was to describe the implementation of the beef self-sufficiency program at the Department of Food Security and Livestock in North Sumatra Province. This study uses the Van Meter and Van Horn theory covering standards and policy objectives, resources, communication, characteristics implementing agents, implementor dispositions, and social, economic and political conditions. The method used is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques in this study using interview techniques, observation and documentation. The results show that the implementation of the Beef Self-Sufficiency Program in North Sumatra has been effective, namely an increase in the cattle population for several years starting from 2013 to 20017, this is in accordance with the production achievement target of the Food and Animal Husbandry Service of North Sumatra Province which wants to increase production achievements beef from year to year. However, the implementation of the Beef Self-Sufficiency program in North Sumatra province is still ineffective because of the lack of cooperation between related agencies, then as the target of this program, this program assistance has not been distributed to various farming communities. The inaccessibility of the location of breeders and the lack of field technical officers are still major factors inhibiting the implementation of this program.
Topological insulators with perfect vacancy superstructure and possible implications for iron chalcogenide superconductors

Motivated by the newly-discovered intercalated iron chalcogenide superconductors, we construct a single orbital tight-binding model for topological insulators on the square lattice with a perfect vacancy superstructure. We find that such lattice structure naturally accommodates a non-vanishing geometry phase associated with the next-nearest-neighbor spin-orbit interaction. By calculating the bulk band structures and the finite stripe edge states, we show that the topological insulator phases can be tuned at certain electron fillings in a wide range of the model parameters. The possible implications of these results for the iron deficient compounds $(A,Tl)_{y}Fe_{2-x}Se_2$ have been discussed.
Remarks on the interquark potential in the presence of a minimal length

We calculate the lowest-order corrections to the static potential for both Yang–Mills theory and gluodynamics in curved space–time, in the presence of a quantum gravity induced minimal length. Our analysis is carried out within stationary perturbation theory. As a consequence, the potential energy is the sum of a Yukawa-like potential and a linear potential for gluodynamics in curved space–time, leading to the confinement of static charges. Interestingly, we find that the coefficient of the linear term (‘string tension’) is ultraviolet finite. We highlight the role played by the new quantum of length in our analysis.
Shoot Culture for Almond and Almond-Peach Hybrid Clones in Vitro1

A method for growing almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) and almond-peach hybrid shoots in vitro is described using dormant shoot buds collected from December to February and stored at 3°C. Shoot tips can be in cultured in 0.7 to 0.8% agar, modified Knop’s macroelement mineral solution, 2% sucrose, FeEDTA, microelements and organic supplements of Murashige and Skoog medium, 6-benzyladenine (BA), and light. At 0.1 mg/liter, BA produced shoot elongation; at 1 mg/liter, lateral shoot proliferation. Limited rooting has been obtained.
Unidentified sources in the Fermi-LAT second source catalog: the case for DM subhalos

The Large Area Telescope (LAT) aboard the Fermi satellite allows us to study the high-energy γ-ray sky with unprecedented sensitivity. However, the origin of 31% of the detected γ-ray sources remains unknown. This population of unassociated γ-ray sources may contain new object classes, among them sources of photons from self-annihilating or decaying non-baryonic dark matter. Fermi-LAT might be capable to detect up to a few of these dark matter subhalos as faint and moderately extended γ-ray sources with a temporally steady high-energy emission. After applying corresponding selection cuts to the second year Fermi catalog 2FGL, we investigate 13 candidate objects in more detail including their multi-wavelength properties in the radio, infrared, optical, UV, and X-ray bands. For the γ-ray band, we analyze both the 24-month and 42-month Fermi-LAT data sets. We probe the γ-ray spectra for indications of a spectral cutoff, which singles out four sources of particular interest. We find all sources to be compatible with a point-source scenario. Multi-wavelength associations and, in particular, their infrared color-color data indicate no source to be compatible with a dark matter origin, and we find the majority of the candidates to probably originate from faint, high-frequency peaked BL Lac type objects. We discuss possibilities to further investigate source candidates and future prospects to search for dark matter subhalos.
On the probability distribution function of the mass surface density of molecular clouds. I

The probability distribution function (PDF) of the mass surface density of molecular clouds provides essential information about the structure of molecular cloud gas and condensed structures out of which stars may form. In general, the PDF shows two basic components: a broad distribution around the maximum with resemblance to a log-normal function, and a tail at high mass surface densities attributed to turbulence and self-gravity. In a previous paper, the PDF of condensed structures has been analyzed and an analytical formula presented based on a truncated radial density profile, ρ(r) = ρc/(1 + (r/r0)) with central density ρc and inner radius r0, widely used in astrophysics as a generalization of physical density profiles. In this paper, the results are applied to analyze the PDF of self-gravitating, isothermal, pressurized, spherical (Bonnor-Ebert spheres) and cylindrical condensed structures with emphasis on the dependence of the PDF on the external pressure pext and on the overpressure q−1 = pc/pext, where pc is the central pressure. Apart from individual clouds, we also consider ensembles of spheres or cylinders, where effects caused by a variation of pressure ratio, a distribution of condensed cores within a turbulent gas, and (in case of cylinders) a distribution of inclination angles on the mean PDF are analyzed. The probability distribution of pressure ratios q−1 is assumed to be given by P(q−1) ∝ q−k1/(1 + (q0/q))12, where k1, γ, k2, and q0 are fixed parameters. The PDF of individual spheres with overpressures below ∼100 is well represented by the PDF of a sphere with an analytical density profile with n = 3. At higher pressure ratios, the PDF at mass surface densities Σ Σ(0), where Σ(0) is the central mass surface density, asymptotically approaches the PDF of a sphere with n = 2. Consequently, the power-law asymptote at mass surface densities above the peak steepens from Psph(Σ) ∝ Σ−2 to Psph(Σ) ∝ Σ−3. The corresponding asymptote of the PDF of cylinders for the large q−1 is approximately given by Pcyl(Σ) ∝ Σ−4/3(1− (Σ/Σ(0))2/3)−1/2. The distribution of overpressures q−1 produces a power-law asymptote at high mass surface densities given by 〈 Psph(Σ) 〉 ∝ Σ−2k2−1 (spheres) or 〈 Pcyl(Σ) 〉 ∝ Σ−2k2 (cylinders).
The discovery of diffuse steep spectrum sources in Abell 2256

Context. Hierarchical galaxy formation models indicate that during their lifetime galaxy clusters undergo several mergers. An example of such a merging cluster is Abell 2256. Here we report on the discovery of three diffuse radio sources in the periphery of Abell 2256, using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT). Aims. The aim of the observations was to search for diffuse ultra-steep spectrum radio sources within the galaxy cluster Abell 2256. Methods. We have carried out GMRT 325 MHz radio continuum observations of Abell 2256. V, R and I band images of the cluster were taken with the 4.2 m William Herschel Telescope (WHT). Results. We have discovered three diffuse elongated radio sources located about 1 Mpc from the cluster center. Two are located to the west of the cluster center, and one to the southeast. The sources have a measured physical extent of 170, 140 and 240 kpc, respectively. The two western sources are also visible in deep low-resolution 115–165 MHz Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) images, although they are blended into a single source. For the combined emission of the blended source we find an extreme spectral index (α )o f−2.05 ± 0.14 between 140 and 351 MHz. The extremely steep spectral index suggests these two sources are most likely the result of adiabatic compression of fossil radio plasma due to merger shocks. For the source to the southeast, we find that α 1 GHz) observations. Simply considering the timescales related to the AGN activity, synchrotron losses, and the presence of shocks, we find that most massive clusters should possess similar sources. An exciting possibility therefore is that such sources will determine the general appearance of clusters in low-frequency high resolution radio maps as will be produced by for example LOFAR or LWA.
Integration of Ecology, Larval Phenotypes, and Mate-Recognition Signals with Molecular and Morphological Data Indicate Taxonomic Inflation in Nyctibatrachus (Anura: Nyctibatrachidae)

Taxonomic studies over the past decade of the endemic Night Frog genus Nyctibatrachus (originally described in 1882) from Peninsular India have more than tripled, from 11 at the turn of this century to 36 by 2017. Despite these revisionary contributions, it is still challenging for field biologists to identify night frog species reliably, due to a near-complete absence of diagnostic, discrete character states or trait values. Worse, many questionably diagnosed night frog species' status has ostensibly been “supported” by phylogenies derived from sparsely sampled gene-trees that are based on a single locus or a handful of markers—with topology and arbitrary genetic distance thresholds of 3–6% used to support new species descriptions. We sought to re-evaluate and validate the species boundaries of six currently nominated species of Nyctibatrachus of the aliciae group (N. aliciae, N. periyar, N. deveni, N. pillaii), N. vasanthi, and N. poocha clade using a comprehensive integrative taxonomic approach that integrates classical taxonomy, molecular species delimitation analysis, statistical analysis of morphological characters of adults and larvae, analyses of bioacoustics, and natural history information. Our results indicate that recent descriptions of Nyctibatrachus deveni, N. periyar, and N. pillaii represent cases of taxonomic inflation (over-splitting), because the evidence cited in support of their recognition is irreproducible, subjective, and devoid of strong statistical support. We demonstrate the need for multidimensional species delimitation approaches in the celebrated Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot paleo-endemic genus Nyctibatrachus and suspect that this concerning trend of over-splitting amphibian species based on limited data and untenable support may be applicable to other amphibian groups.
Evaluation of the Synergistic Potential of Simultaneous Pan- or Isoform-Specific BET and SYK Inhibition in B-Cell Lymphoma: An In Vitro Approach

Simple Summary B-cell lymphomas represent the majority of non-Hodgkin lymphomas and are the most common lymphoid malignancies in the Western world. Genetic alterations or epigenetic modulations can lead to tumor initiation and tumor progression. Aside from standard care, targeted, individualized therapies can be highly effective. Here, we evaluated the impact of simultaneous specific inhibition of two key regulators involved in B lymphoid tumor progression. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a B-cell receptor-associated kinase acting as a proto-oncogene in B-cell malignancies, while bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins are epigenetic reader proteins involved in histone recognition and transcription regulation. The simultaneous inhibition of SYK and BET showed enhanced anti-proliferative effects, as well as inducing a distinct combination-specific gene expression profile, suggesting SYK and BET inhibition as a promising combination in the treatment of B-cell lymphoma. Abstract Background: Both bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins and spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) represent promising targets in diffuse large B-cell (DLBCL) and Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL). We evaluated the anti-lymphoma activity of the isoform-specific bivalent BET inhibitor AZD5153 (AZD) and the pan-BET inhibitor I-BET151 (I-BET) as single agents and in combination with SYK inhibitor Entospletinib (Ento) in vitro. Methods: The effect of the single agents on cell proliferation and metabolic activity was evaluated in two DLBCL and two BL cell lines. Proliferation, metabolic activity, apoptosis, cell cycle and morphology were further investigated after a combined treatment of AZD or I-BET and Ento. RNAseq profiling of combined AZD+Ento treatment was performed in SU-DHL-4 cells. Results: Both BET inhibitors reduced cell proliferation and metabolic activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Combined BET and SYK inhibition enhanced the anti-proliferative effect and induced a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. SU-DHL-4 demonstrated a pronounced modulation of gene expression by AZD, which was markedly increased by additional SYK inhibition. Functional enrichment analyses identified combination-specific GO terms related to DNA replication and cell division. Genes such as ADGRA2, MYB, TNFRSF11A, S100A10, PLEKHH3, DHRS2 and FOXP1-AS1 were identified as possible key regulators. Conclusion: Simultaneous inhibition of BET and SYK enhanced the anti-proliferative effects, and induced a combination-specific gene expression signature.