Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The finite steps of convergence of the fast thresholding algorithms with feedbacks

Iterative algorithms based on thresholding, feedback and null space tuning (NST+HT+FB) for sparse signal recovery are exceedingly effective and fast, particularly for large scale problems. The core algorithm is shown to converge in finitely many steps under a (preconditioned) restricted isometry condition. In this paper, we present a new perspective to analyze the algorithm, which turns out that the efficiency of the algorithm can be further elaborated by an estimate of the number of iterations for the guaranteed convergence. The convergence condition of NST+HT+FB is also improved. Moreover, an adaptive scheme (AdptNST+HT+FB) without the knowledge of the sparsity level is proposed with its convergence guarantee. The number of iterations for the finite step of convergence of the AdptNST+HT+FB scheme is also derived. It is further shown that the number of iterations can be significantly reduced by exploiting the structure of the specific sparse signal or the random measurement matrix.
Chandra X-Ray Sources in the LALA Cetus Field

The 174 ks Chandra Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer exposure of the Large Area Lyman Alpha Survey (LALA) Cetus field is the second of the two deep Chandra images on LALA fields. In this paper we present the Chandra X-ray sources detected in the Cetus field, along with an analysis of X-ray source counts, stacked X-ray spectrum, and optical identifications. A total of 188 X-ray sources were detected: 174 in the 0.5-7.0 keV band, 154 in the 0.5-2.0 keV band, and 113 in the 2.0-7.0 keV band. The X-ray source counts were derived and compared with LALA field (172 ks exposure). Interestingly, we find consistent hard-band X-ray source density, but (36 ± 12)% higher soft-band X-ray source density in Cetus field. The weighted stacked spectrum of the detected X-ray sources can be fitted by a power law with photon index Γ = 1.55. Based on the weighted stacked spectrum, we find that the resolved fraction of the X-ray background drops from (72 ± 1)% at 0.5-1.0 keV to (63 ± 4)% at 6.0-8.0 keV. The unresolved spectrum can be fitted by a power law over the range 0.5-7 keV, with a photon index Γ = 1.22. We also present optical counterparts for 154 of the X-ray sources, down to a limiting magnitude of r′ = 25.9 (Vega), using a deep r′-band image obtained with the MMT.
Unmasking Outliers and Leverage Points: A Confirmation

Abstract Identification of multiple outliers and leverage points is difficult because of the masking effect. Recently, Rousseeuw and van Zomeren suggested using high-breakdown robust estimation methods—the least median of squares and minimum volume ellipsoid—for unmasking these observations. These methods tend to declare too many observations as extreme, however. A stepwise analysis is proposed here for confirmation of outliers and leverage points detected using the robust methods. Diagnostic measures are constructed for observations added back to the reduced sample. They are shown graphically. The complementary use of robust and diagnostic methods gives satisfactory results in analyzing two data sets. One data set consists often bad and four good leverage points. Four (or 10, using a different cutoff) extreme observations of the other data set (of size 28) are identified using the robust methods, but the stepwise analysis confirms only one. The limitations of Atkinson's confirmatory approach are discusse.
Computation of the difference-differential Galois group and differential relations among solutions for a second-order linear difference equation

We apply the difference-differential Galois theory developed by Hardouin and Singer to compute the differential-algebraic relations among the solutions to a second-order homogeneous linear difference equation of the form $ y(x+2)+a(x)y(x+1)+b(x)y(x)=0,$ where the coefficients $a(x),b(x)\in \bar{\mathbb{Q}}(x)$ are rational functions in $x$ with coefficients in $\bar{\mathbb{Q}}$. We develop algorithms to compute the difference-differential Galois group associated to such an equation, and show how to deduce the differential-algebraic relations among the solutions from the defining equations of the Galois group.
Evolving Approaches of CSR in India in the Post-Mandatory Regime – An Exploratory Study of Managerial Understanding

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has garnered worldwide attention (Jamali and Mirshak, 2007), both in the academic and corporate domains. It has predominantly gained impetus in the developing countries; with nations like India imposing legislative mandates (Subramaniam et al. 2017). India has an extensive history of CSR (Sundar, 2000) but lacks academic depth and understanding of the phenomenon (Dhanesh, 2015); particularly in the post mandatory regime. This extensive exploratory research based on the managerial perspective utilizes semi-structured interviews of 28 CSR managers responsible for implementing CSR within corporates. Thematic analysis of interview data identifies 4 unique approaches adopted by Indian companies and their resultant benefits. It is indeed one of the first researches in India done in both Public Sector Undertaking (PSUs) as well as the Private Enterprises. The study strengthens the existing knowledge base and assists corporates to build their CSR strategies and furthers understanding of companies’ objectives of social development.
Phytochemical composition of Cuminum cyminum and its biological activity

Cumin ( Cuminum cyminum ) seeds were extracted by methanol to examine the properties of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity of the plant extracts. GC/MS analysis enabled the identification of 31 bioactive compounds from C. cyminum . The major phytochemical constituents in the C. cyminum extract are Adamantane methanol; 14.15 %, Octanal dimethyl acetal; 11.34 %, S,S-dimethyl 1,2-hydrazine; 8.24% and 2,6-dimethyl, 2,4-heptadiene, was represented as 6.24%. In order to develop biobactericides and biofungicides, the antibacterial, antifungal activity and action mode of cumin against some pathogenic bacteria and fungi were evaluated. The highest antibacterial activity value was 16 mm recorded against E. coli and P. aeruginosae . Moreover, petroleum ether extracts of C. cyminum gave antifungal activity against C. albicans , P. notatum and A. niger (2 - 8 mm) but, there was no action against A. alternata and F. oxysporium . The chloroform extract of C. cyminum showed excellent antioxidant activity (30.486 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g dry wt.) and deserves further investigations.
Parameter identification based on capacitor pre-charge curve

Capacitor is the core component of power electronic system and one of the most easily failed power electronic components. Its operating state directly affects the stability of power electronic system. In order to find and replace the faulty capacitor in time, a capacitor parameter identification method based on capacitor discharge law is proposed. Through the real-time sampling of the voltage and current curve during the charging process of the capacitor, and combining with the relationship between the voltage and current during the discharge process, the calculation model of the capacitor is established. Finally, the pre charging circuit based on capacitor is verified by experiments, and a low precision current calculation and correction method is proposed. The experimental results show that this method can accurately measure the capacitance of the capacitor, which verifies the feasibility of the proposed method.
Subsurface heat conduction along the CHINARE traverse route, East Antarctica

Abstract Using data from three automatic weather stations (LGB69, Eagle and Dome A) from distinctly different climatological zones along the CHINARE (Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition) traverse route from Zhongshan Station to Dome A, we investigated the characteristics of meteorological conditions and subsurface heat conduction. Spatial analysis indicated decreasing trends in air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed from the coastal katabatic wind zone to the inland plateau region, and air temperatures clearly showed a strong daily variability in winter, suggesting the effect from the fluctuation in the Antarctic atmospheric system. We also analyzed the optimal response time of the 1 and 3 m depth snow temperatures to the 0.1 m depth snow temperature for each site under clear/overcast and day/night situations. This showed an important enhancement to the heat transfer from shortwave radiation penetration. Using an iterative optimization method, we estimated the subsurface heat conduction variations along the transect. This was ~3–5 W m–2. Multiple maxima in daily mean subsurface fluxes were found in winter, with a typical value above 2 W m–2, while a single minimum value under –2 W m–2 was found in summer. On an annual scale, a larger mean loss of subsurface heat conduction was observed in the inland plateau compared to in the coastal katabatic area. Finally, we discussed the possible influences of turbulent and radiant transport on the vertical heat response and confirmed the wind enhancement on the growth of thermal conductivity. This preliminary study provides a brief perspective and an important reference for studying subsurface heat conduction in inland areas of Antarctica.
Geodesic and billiard flows on quadrics in pseudo-Euclidean spaces: L-A pairs and Chasles theorem

In this article we construct L--A representations of geodesic flows on quadrics and of billiard problems within ellipsoids in the pseudo--Euclidean spaces. A geometric interpretation of the integrability analogous to the classical Chasles theorem for symmetric ellipsoids is given. We also consider a generalization of the billiard within arbitrary quadric allowing virtual billiard reflections.
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Dosing Considerations of Novel β-Lactams and β-Lactam/β-Lactamase Inhibitors in Critically Ill Adult Patients: Focus on Obesity, Augmented Renal Clearance, Renal Replacement Therapies, and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Objective: Dose optimization of novel β-lactam antibiotics (NBLA) has become necessary given the increased prevalence of multidrug-resistant infections in intensive care units coupled with the limited number of available treatment options. Unfortunately, recommended dose regimens of NBLA based on PK/PD indices are not well-defined for critically ill patients presenting with special situations (i.e., obesity, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), augmented renal clearance (ARC), and renal replacement therapies (RRT)). This review aimed to discuss and summarize the available literature on the PK/PD attained indices of NBLA among critically ill patients with special circumstances. Data Sources: PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Embase databases were searched for studies published between January 2011 and May 2022. Study selection and data extraction: Articles relevant to NBLA (i.e., ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, cefiderocol, ceftobiprole, imipenem/relebactam, and meropenem/vaborbactam) were selected. The MeSH terms of “obesity”, “augmented renal clearance”, “renal replacement therapy”, “extracorporeal membrane oxygenation”, “pharmacokinetic”, “pharmacodynamic” “critically ill”, and “intensive care” were used for identification of articles. The search was limited to adult humans’ studies that were published in English. A narrative synthesis of included studies was then conducted accordingly. Data synthesis: Available evidence surrounding the use of NBLA among critically ill patients presenting with special situations was limited by the small sample size of the included studies coupled with high heterogeneity. The PK/PD target attainments of NBLA were reported to be minimally affected by obesity and/or ECMO, whereas the effect of renal functionality (in the form of either ARC or RRT) was more substantial. Conclusion: Critically ill patients presenting with special circumstances might be at risk of altered NBLA pharmacokinetics, particularly in the settings of ARC and RRT. More robust, well-designed trials are still required to define effective dose regimens able to attain therapeutic PK/PD indices of NBLA when utilized in those special scenarios, and thus aid in improving the patients’ outcomes.
Lightweight helmet wear detection algorithm based on YOLOv3

To reduce the casualties caused by workers not wearing safety measures in time at construction sites. For the generic target detection model with high complexity and large model, which cannot perform helmet wearing detection in real-time, a real-time helmet wearing detection algorithm based on YOLOv3 is proposed, with the mobile end network as the feature extractor of the proposed method. For helmet wearing detection is often done outdoors, so to filter the environmental noise. The channel attention module is introduced to optimize the feature extraction when multiplexing the multi-scale feature maps. Finally, to weaken the problem of inadequate gradient back propagation brought by the IOU function, the CIOU loss function is used to optimize the gradient back propagation. The experimental results show that the method in this paper can balance the accuracy and detection rate of the detection model with an average accuracy of 82.47% (mAP). Compared with the model of the original YOLOv3 network, the model size of this method is only 22.3% of the original model, and the detection rate is significantly improved compared with the original method and can meet the requirements of real-time helmet wear detection.
Methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside From Scabiosa comosa as a Quorum-Sensing Inhibitor

Quorum sensing (QS) is an important microbial signaling system that controls the expression of many virulence genes. Combination treatment with QS inhibitors and antibiotics may be the new treatment option for infectious diseases in the future. Therefore, there is an increasing need to discover anti-QS compounds to prevent antimicrobial resistance. We isolated methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside from Scabiosa comosa and found that it exerts an anti-QS activity against Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 without exhibiting any antimicrobial activity.
aCM sheaves on the double plane

The goal of this paper is to start a study of aCM and Ulrich sheaves on non-integral projective varieties. We show that any aCM vector bundle of rank two on the double plane is a direct sum of line bundles. As a by-product, any aCM vector bundle of rank two on a sufficiently high dimensional quadric hypersurface also splits. We consider aCM and Ulrich vector bundles on a multiple hyperplanes and prove the existence of such bundles that do not split, if the multiple hyperplane is linearly embedded into a sufficiently high dimensional projective space. Then we restrict our attention to the double plane and give a classification of aCM sheaves of rank at most $3/2$ on the double plane and describe the family of isomorphism classes of them.
Thermoelectric nanowire single-photon detector

We have collected and analyzed the values of thermoelectric parameters of thermoelectric materials and on this basis calculated the energy resolution and photon count rate of the Thermoelectric Nanowire Single-Photon Detector (TNSPD). It is concluded that the TNSPD can achieve higher specifications as compared with the best single-photon detectors. The lanthanum-cerium hexaboride sensors of TNSPD are expected to reach more than gigahertz count rates and will have a sensitivity of 0.1 eV. It means that the device is sensitive enough to register and spectrally characterize not only X-ray and UV, but also optical and infrared photons, as its major competitors, the superconducting and semiconducting single-photon detectors.
Singularly Perturbed Profiles

In the current paper the so-called REaction-DIffusion Manifold (REDIM) method of model reduction is discussed within the framework of standard singular perturbation theory. According to the REDIM a reduced model for the system describing a reacting flow (accounting for chemical reaction, advection and molecular diffusion) is represented by a low-dimensional manifold, which is embedded in the system state space and approximates the evolution of the system solution profiles in space and in time. This pure geometric construction is reviewed by using Singular Perturbed System (SPS) theory as the only possibility to formalize, to justify and to verify the suggested methodology. The REDIM is studied as a correction by the diffusion of the slow invariant manifold defined for a pure homogeneous system. A main result of the study is an estimation of this correction to the slow invariant manifold. A benchmark model of Mechaelis-Menten is extended to the system with the standard diffusion described by the Laplacian and used as an illustration and for validation of analytic results.
Morphometric Analysis of Ophthalmic Optical Coherence Tomography Images

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides in-vivo, high-resolution, cross-sectional images of the inner structures of the eye. This dissertation outlines the construction and application of a computational pipeline for morphometric analysis of 3D retinal and peripapillary OCT images for extracting clinically meaningful information based on shape features. The images were acquired by a prototype 1060-nm swept-source OCT system and processed to enhance the image quality. Next, retinal layers and structures in the optic nerve head (ONH) and laminar regions were segmented. A graph-cut based, robust 3D algorithm was implemented for automated segmentation of the retinal layers. The segmented structures was measured by quantitative shape parameters, such as 3D layer thickness and Bruch’s membrane opening (BMO) dimension. A special focus was given to establishing anatomical correspondence across multiple OCT images, for longitudinal or cross-sectional data, via registration. In the first approach, retinal surfaces from two OCT images were registered by a mathematical current-based deformation followed by spherical demons registration. In the second approach, retinal surfaces and their signal values (ex. layer thickness) from several OCT images were jointly varied to generate a group mean template serving as the common atlas. In the clinical application of the pipeline, peripapillary OCT volumes of 52 myopic eyes from normal and glaucomatous subjects were studied. Retinal layer thicknesses, and shape features of BMO, Bruch’s membrane, and the anterior laminar region were measured and statistically analyzed. Significant differences were observed between the normal and glaucomatous groups, demonstrating glaucomatous deformation, and structural changes correlated with myopia suggested a possible explanation to the high glaucoma susceptibility associated with advanced myopia. Image analysis; Image processing; Shape analysis; Optical coherence tomography; Ophthalmology
Ought comedies be censored? Take Dave Chapelle and Ali Wong as case studies

Abstract Nowadays, the comedy industry is threatened by Cancel Culture and comedians are cautious about sensitive themes. Dave Chapelle and Ali Wong are standup comedians in American, their comedy performances The Closer and Baby Cobra released on Netflix were considered ‘insulting’ and ‘offensive’ by cancel culture. This article examines the relationships among cancel culture, comedians, and commercial institutions by the case study of Dave Chapelle and Ali Wong. Exploring whether comedy is limited by the censorship system and cancel culture. I argue that the cancel culture supporters will pressure on institutions that have real power on the cancelling of public figures. To prevent misjudging the intentions behinds the jokes, the cancel culture should examine the ‘offensive’ materials carefully. I will further explain the argument in detail by focusing on the rebellious nature of comedy, the multiple stakeholders involved in the censorship process, celebrity Schadenfreude culture, freedom of speech, and the price of repression, all of which are likely to make the censorship of comedy short-sighted.
AI_deation: A Creative Knowledge Mining Method for Design Exploration

Ideation is a core activity in the design process which begins with a design brief and results in a range of design concepts. However, due to its exploratory nature it is challenging to formalise computationally. Here, we report a creative knowledge mining method that combines design theory with a machine learning approach. This study begins by introducing a graphic design style classification model that acts as a model for the aesthetic evaluation of images. A Grad-CAM technique is used to visualise where our model is looking at in order to detect and interpret visual syntax, such as geometric influences and color gradients, to determine the most influential visual semiotics. Our comparative analysis on two Nordic design referents suggests that our approach can be efficiently used to support and motivate design exploration. Based on these findings, we discuss the prospects of machine vision aided design systems to envisage concepts and possible design paths, but also to support educational objectives.
Current understanding of gliomagenesis: from model to mechanism

Glioma, a kind of central nervous system (CNS) tumor, is hard to cure and accounts for 32% of all CNS tumors. Establishing a stable glioma model is critically important to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Various core signaling pathways have been identified in gliomagenesis, such as RTK/RAS/PI3K, TP53, and RB1. Traditional methods of establishing glioma animal models have included chemical induction, xenotransplantation, and genetic modifications (RCAS/t-va system, Cre-loxP, and TALENs). Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 has emerged as an efficient gene editing tool with high germline transmission and has extended the scope of stable and efficient glioma models that can be generated. Therefore, this review will highlight the documented evidence about the molecular characteristics, critical genetic markers, and signaling pathways responsible for gliomagenesis and progression. Moreover, methods of establishing glioma models using gene editing techniques and therapeutic aspects will be discussed. Finally, the prospect of applying gene editing in glioma by using CRISPR/Cas9 strategy and future research directions to establish a stable glioma model are also included in this review. In-depth knowledge of glioma signaling pathways and use of CRISPR/Cas9 can greatly assist in the development of a stable, efficient, and spontaneous glioma model, which can ultimately improve the effectiveness of therapeutic responses and cure glioma patients.
Diophantine properties of groups of toral automorphisms

We prove sharp estimates in a shrinking target problem for the action of an arbitrary subgroup $\Gamma$ of $SL_2(\mathbb{Z})$ on the 2-torus. This can also be viewed as a non-commutative Diophantine approximation problem. The methods require constructing spectrally optimal random walks on groups acting properly cocompactly on Gromov hyperbolic spaces. Additionally, using Fourier analysis we give estimates for the same problem in higher dimensions.