Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytical model for the boundary scattering phonon mean free path and thermal conductivity of nanowire heterostructures

Boundary scattering phonon mean free path (MFP) is an important parameter for thermal conductivity calculation of nanocomposites. In this work, a simple approximate model is proposed to predict boundary/interface scattering MFP and thermal conductivity of nanowire heterostructures (NWHSs) based on Casimir formalism. Calculated thermal conductivities of Si tubular nanowires and Si/Ge NWHSs agree well with the numerical and analytical solutions of Boltzmann transport equation. It is demonstrated that core/shell layer thickness plays a significant role on tuning NWHS thermal conductivity. The results indicate the approximate model of thermal conductivity can be used for quickly evaluating the thermal behavior of nanocomposites.
What Are the Functional Roles of Piwi Proteins and piRNAs in Insects?

Simple Summary Three small RNA pathways, representing miRNAs, siRNAs and piRNAs, exist in insects. Of the three pathways, piRNAs and Piwi proteins appear to have the most complex biogenesis and functional roles. Significant progress has recently occurred in the understanding of the piRNA pathway in three major research areas, i.e., oogenesis and spermatogenesis in the fruitfly, antiviral response in mosquitoes and piRNA biogenesis in silkworm-derived BmN4 cells. Thus, it is timely to provide an overview of the knowledge accumulated so far. Studies in other insects are lagging behind but are highly anticipated since piRNAs and Piwi proteins are abundantly expressed not only in the germline but also in the somatic tissues. Due to the diversification of Piwi genes among insects, novel functions of piRNAs and Piwi proteins can be expected in the different species. This comprehensive review aimed to provide important background information about the current knowledge on piRNAs and Piwi proteins in insects that can function as a resource for future research. Abstract Research on Piwi proteins and piRNAs in insects has focused on three experimental models: oogenesis and spermatogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster, the antiviral response in Aedes mosquitoes and the molecular analysis of primary and secondary piRNA biogenesis in Bombyx mori-derived BmN4 cells. Significant unique and complementary information has been acquired and has led to a greater appreciation of the complexity of piRNA biogenesis and Piwi protein function. Studies performed in other insect species are emerging and promise to add to the current state of the art on the roles of piRNAs and Piwi proteins. Although the primary role of the piRNA pathway is genome defense against transposons, particularly in the germline, recent findings also indicate an expansion of its functions. In this review, an extensive overview is presented of the knowledge of the piRNA pathway that so far has accumulated in insects. Following a presentation of the three major models, data from other insects were also discussed. Finally, the mechanisms for the expansion of the function of the piRNA pathway from transposon control to gene regulation were considered.
Compactness of composition operators on the Bloch space in classical bounded symmetric domains

∂zN ) andOf(z)u =∑Nl=1 ∂f(z) ∂zl ul. LetD be the unit disk inC. Madigan and Matheson [MM] proved that Cφ is always bounded on β(D). They also gave the sufficient and necessary conditions for Cφ to be compact onβ(D). More recently, Shi and Luo [SL] proved that Cφ is always bounded on β(D) and gave a sufficient condition for Cφ to be compact onβ(D), whereD is a bounded homogeneous domain in C. By using Cartan’s list, all irreducible bounded symmetric domains are divided into six types. The first four types of irreducible domains are called the classical bounded symmetric domains. The other two types, called exceptional domains, consist of one domain each (a 16and a 27-dimensional domain).
When Do Some Things Form a Set

This paper raises the question under what circumstances a plurality forms a set, parallel to the Special Composition Question for mereology. The range of answers that have been proposed in the literature are surveyed and criticised. I argue that there is good reason to reject both the view that pluralities never form sets and the view that pluralities always form sets. Instead, we need to affirm restricted set formation. Casting doubt on the availability of any informative principle which will settle which pluralities form sets, the paper concludes by affirming a naturalistic approach to the philosophy of set theory.
Polymorphisms in DNA Repair Genes and Association with Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Pilot Study on a Central European Population

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, multifactorial autoimmune disease characterized by chronic arthritis, a tendency to develop joint deformities, and involvement of extra-articular tissues. The risk of malignant neoplasms among patients with RA is the subject of ongoing research due to the autoimmune pathogenesis that underlies RA, the common etiology of rheumatic disease and malignancies, and the use of immunomodulatory therapy, which can alter immune system function and thus increase the risk of malignant neoplasms. This risk can also be increased by impaired DNA repair efficiency in individuals with RA, as reported in our recent study. Impaired DNA repair may reflect the variability in the genes that encode DNA repair proteins. The aim of our study was to evaluate the genetic variation in RA within the genes of the DNA damage repair system through base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), and the double strand break repair system by homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). We genotyped a total of 28 polymorphisms in 19 genes encoding DNA repair-related proteins in 100 age- and sex-matched RA patients and healthy subjects from Central Europe (Poland). Polymorphism genotypes were determined using the Taq-man SNP Genotyping Assay. We found an association between the RA occurrence and rs25487/XRCC1, rs7180135/RAD51, rs1801321/RAD51, rs963917/RAD51B, rs963918/RAD51B, rs2735383/NBS1, rs132774/XRCC6, rs207906/XRCC5, and rs861539/XRCC3 polymorphisms. Our results suggest that polymorphisms of DNA damage repair genes may play a role in RA pathogenesis and may be considered as potential markers of RA.
Flexible time segmentations for time-varying wavelet packets

We examine the problem of how to choose a time-varying filter bank representation for a signal, which is optimal for a rate-distortion cost function. This involves deciding which filter tree to use, (frequency segmentation) and deciding when to prune or add branches to the tree, (time segmentation), For optimality the time and frequency segmentations must be done jointly and not sequentially. Herley et al. (see IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol.41, no.12, p.3341-60, 1993) described an algorithm to find the best binary time-frequency split of a signal. In this work, we remove the constraint of binary time segmentation and study the adaptive wavelet packets expansion of a signal with arbitrary segmentation. A fast dynamic programming based algorithm is proposed to solve the optimal segmentation problem. Experimental results on different classes of sources are provided. <<ETX>>
Acceleration of a relativistic plasma by radiation pressure

The greatly enhanced radiation pressure force felt by a relativistic plasma is accompanied by catastrophic Compton cooling and only in extreme conditions can it lead to acceleration to relativistic bulk velocities. We solve the equations of motion in the optimal case and find that the efficiency of acceleration is typically < 1 per cent (the energy lost being given to the scattered photons). The complicating effects of expansion of the plasma, finite source size and scattering above the Klein-Nishina limit are described. We end with a short list of situations in which the phenomenon may nevertheless be of importance.
Three-Dimensional Scanning Applied for Flexible and In Situ Calibration of Galvanometric Scanner Systems

Galvanometric laser scanner (GLS) systems are widely used for materials processing due to their high precision, processing velocity, and repeatability. However, GLS systems generally suffer from scan field distortions due to joint and task space relationship errors. The problem is further pronounced in robotic applications, where the GLS systems are manipulated in space, as unknown errors in the relative pose of the GLS can be introduced. This paper presents an in situ, data-driven methodology for calibrating GLS systems using 3D scanning, emphasising the flexibility, generalisation, and automated industrial integration. Three-dimensional scanning serves two primary purposes: (1) determining the relative pose between the GLS system and the calibration plate to minimise calibration errors and (2) supplying an image processing algorithm with dense and accurate data to measure the scan field distortion based on the positional deviations of marked fiducials. The measured deviations are used to train a low-complexity Radial Basis Function (RBF) network to predict and correct the distorted scan field. The proposed method shows promising results and significantly reduces the scan field distortion without the use of specialised calibration tools and with limited knowledge of the optical design of the GLS system.
Zur Quantentheorie der Molekeln

In der Anwendung der Quantentheorie auf die Molekeln kann man folgende Entwicklungsstufen unterscheiden: Das erste Stadium1) ersetzt die zweiatomige Molekel durch das Hantelmodell, das als einfacher „Rotator“ behandelt wird. Mehratomige Molekeln werden in entsprechender Weise als starre „Kreisel“ angesehen.2) Dieser Standpunkt erlaubt es, die einfachsten Gesetze der Bandenspektren und der spezifischen Warme mehratomiger Gase zu erklaren. Das nachste Stadium1) last die Annahme starrer Verbindungen zwischen den Atomen fallen und berucksichtigt die Kernschwingungen, zunachst als harmonische Schwingungen; dabie ergenben sich nach Sponer3) und Kratzer4) Zusammenhange zwischen den einzelnen Banden eines Bandensystems.
Support Vector Machines for System Identification

Support vector machines (SVM) are used for system identification of both linear and nonlinear dynamic systems. Discrete time linear models are used to illustrate parameter estimation and nonlinear models demonstrate model structure identification. The VC-dimension of a trained SVM indicates the model accuracy without using separate validation data. We conclude that SVM have potential in the field of dynamic system identification, but that there are a number of significant issues to be addressed.
Strength and Conditioning Practices of Brazilian Olympic Sprint and Jump Coaches

Olympic coaches are likely to have adequate knowledge and implement effective training programs. This study aimed to describe and critically examine the strength and conditioning practices adopted by Brazilian Olympic sprint and jump coaches. Nineteen Olympic coaches (age: 50.2 ± 10.8 years; professional experience: 25.9 ± 13.1 years) completed a survey consisting of eight sections: 1) background information; 2) strength-power development; 3) speed training; 4) plyometrics; 5) flexibility training; 6) physical testing; 7) technology use; and 8) programming. It was noticed that coaches prioritized the development of explosiveness, power, and sprinting speed in their training programs, given the specific requirements of sprint and jump events. Nevertheless, unexpectedly, we observed: (1) large variations in the number of repetitions performed per set during resistance training in the off-season period, (2) a higher volume of resistance training prescribed during the competitive period (compared to other sports), and (3) infrequent use of traditional periodization models. These findings are probably related to the complex characteristics of modern competitive sports (e.g., congested competitive schedule) and the individual needs of sprinters and jumpers. Identification of training practices commonly used by leading track and field coaches may help practitioners and sport scientists create more effective research projects and training programs.
Fish consumption in multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational and clinical studies

Background Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are known to be associated with numbers of health benefits, and which can be uptake from fish. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current evidence of associations between consumption of fish and diverse health outcomes. Here, we performed an umbrella review to summarize the breadth, strength, and validity of the evidence derived from meta-analyses and systematic reviews of fish consumption on all health outcomes. Methods The methodological quality of the included meta-analyses and the quality of the evidence were assessed by the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) and the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) tools, respectively. The umbrella review identified 91 meta-analyses with 66 unique health outcomes, of which 32 outcomes were beneficial, 34 showed nonsignificant associations and only one was harmful (myeloid leukemia). Results A total of 17 beneficial associations [all-cause mortality, prostate cancer mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), glioma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), oral cancer, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), cerebrovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease (CD), triglycerides, vitamin D, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and multiple sclerosis (MS)], and eight nonsignificant associations [colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality, esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), prostate cancer, renal cancer, ovarian cancer, hypertension, ulcerative colitis (UC), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)] were evaluated as moderate/high quality of evidence. According to dose-response analyses, consumption of fish, especially fatty types, seems generally safe at one-two servings per week and could exert protective effects. Conclusions Fish consumption is often associated with a variety of health outcomes, both beneficial and harmless, but only about 34% of the associations were graded as based on a moderate/high quality of evidence, and additional multicenter high quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a large sample size are needed to verify these findings in the future.
Directions of Mathematical Research in Nonlinear Circuit Theory

In this paper we wish to present a potpourri of problems of some interest and difficulty arising in the field of nonlinear circuit theory. Perhaps the only sensible way to catalogue scientific problems is in terms of "solved or unsolved. " Yet this classification is itself a very subjective one, dependent upon the times and the fashions. Recall the dictum of Poincare that the solutions of one generation are the problems of the next. In this paper, we have attempted, for the sake of convenience, to group categories of problems under the headings of "descriptive," "control," "stochastic," and so forth. Convenient as some of this nomenclature is, it should be regarded with a certain amount of suspicion. Most significant problems blithely cut across these artificial boundaries within fields of specialization, and within science itself. In these days of rapidly and dramatically changing technology it would be rather brash to attempt to predict the type of mathematics that will be most urgently required even ten years from now. It is, however, fairly safe to look about and note the requirements of the present and of five years back. The difficulties that abound render a certain time lag inevitable, and it may well be that new scientific developments may render fields obsolete and mathematical solutions for problems within those fields unnecessary before they are even obtained.
Light echoes - Type II supernovae

Type II supernovae (SNs) light curves show a remarkable range of shapes. Data have been collected for the 12 Type II SNs that have light curve information for more than four months past maximum. Contrary to previous reports, it is found that (1) the decay rate after 100 days past maximum varies by almost an order of magnitude and (2) the light curve shapes are not bimodally distributed, but actually form a continuum. In addition, it is found that the extinctions to the SNs are related to the light curve shapes. This implies that the absorbing dust is local to the SNs. The dust is likely to be part of a circumstellar shell emitted by the SN progenitor that Dwek (1983) has used to explain infrared echoes. The optical depth of the shell can get quite large. In such cases, it is found that the photons scattered and delayed by reflection off dust grains will dominate the light curve several months after peak brightness. This light echo offers a straightforward explanation of the diversity of Type II SN light curves. 22 references.
Adsorptive Features of Magnetic Activated Carbons Prepared by a One-Step Process towards Brilliant Blue Dye

Water pollution by dyes has been a major environmental problem to be tackled, and magnetic adsorbents appear as promising alternatives to solve it. Herein, magnetic activated carbons were prepared by the single−step method from Sapelli wood sawdust, properly characterized, and applied as adsorbents for brilliant blue dye removal. In particular, two magnetic activated carbons, MAC1105 and MAC111, were prepared using the proportion of biomass KOH of 1:1 and varying the proportion of NiCl2 of 0.5 and 1. The characterization results demonstrated that the different proportions of NiCl2 mainly influenced the textural characteristics of the adsorbents. An increase in the surface area from 260.0 to 331.5 m2 g−1 and in the total pore volume from 0.075 to 0.095 cm3 g−1 was observed with the weight ratio of NiCl2. Both adsorbents exhibit ferromagnetic properties and the presence of nanostructured Ni particles. The different properties of the materials influenced the adsorption kinetics and equilibrium of brilliant blue dye. MAC111 showed faster kinetics, reaching the equilibrium in around 10 min, while for MAC1105, it took 60 min for the equilibrium to be reached. In addition, based on the Sips isotherm, the maximum adsorption capacity was 98.12 mg g−1 for MAC111, while for MAC1105, it was 60.73 mg g−1. Furthermore, MAC111 presented the potential to be reused in more adsorption cycles than MAC1105, and the use of the adsorbents in the treatment of a simulated effluent exhibited high effectiveness, with removal efficiencies of up to 90%.
Strain-balanced materials for high-efficiency solar cells

Traditionally, monolithic multi-junction solar cells have required lattice matched material combinations for efficient operation. However, strain-balanced structures allow lattice mismatched materials to be grown pseudomorphically, with low defect densities, and therefore offer interesting band-gap configurations for attaining optimal multi-junction solar cell structures. Several material combinations are identified and their suitability as highly efficient photovoltaic materials discussed; in particular In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As, GaAs/sub 1-x/P/sub x/, GaInP and GaInNAs. Estimates for the limiting efficiency of strain-balanced multi-junction cells are presented, together with an outline of the technological requirements to achieve such cells.
Pull-in Dynamics of an Elastic Beam Actuated by Continuously Distributed Electrostatic Force

A detailed study of the transient nonlinear dynamics of an electrically actuated micron scale beam is presented. A model developed using the Galerkin procedure with normal modes as a basis accounts for the distributed nonlinear electrostatic forces, nonlinear squeezed film damping, and rotational inertia of a mass carried by the beam. Special attention is paid to the dynamics of the beam near instability points. Results generated by the model and confirmed experimentally show that nonlinear damping leads to shrinkage of the spatial region where stable motion is realizable. The voltage that causes dynamic instability, in turn, approaches the static pull-in value.
Wine Quality Control Parameters and Effects of Regional Climate Variation on Sustainable Production

According to the national and European Community legislation and the quality control regulations for wine, a series of analyses are carried out by government agencies on locally produced wines in Greece. The present study examines the analyses of dry white wines produced in the regions of Ioannina in the Epirus region and the Ionian Islands, correlating them with the climatic conditions of each region. The purpose of this correlation is to evaluate the effect of the local climate on the wines’ individual characteristics, as identified by the analyses. Another crucial objective of this study is the evaluation of the effects caused by the continual changes in climate on these characteristics, as determined by the analyses. Results indicate that the prevailing climatic conditions, in conjunction with climate change, can affect all the parameters evaluated in the analyses for the wines produced in the two regions under this study.
Linear estimation for data with error ellipses

When scientists collect data to be analyzed, regardless of what quantities are being measured, there are inevitably errors in the measurements. In cases where two independent variables are measured with errors, many existing techniques can produce an estimated least-squares linear fit to the data, taking into consideration the size of the errors in both variables. Yet some experiments yield data that do not only contain errors in both variables, but also a non-zero covariance between the errors. In such situations, the experiment results in measurements with error ellipses with tilts specified by the covariance terms. Following an approach suggested by Dr. Edward Robinson, Professor of Astronomy at the University of Texas at Austin, this report describes a methodology that finds the estimates of linear regression parameters, as well as an estimated covariance matrix, for a dataset with tilted error ellipses. Contained in an appendix is the R code for a program that produces these estimates according to the methodology. This report describes the results of the program run on a dataset of measurements of the surface brightness and Sérsic index of galaxies in the Virgo cluster.
Spectral Analysis and Classification of Herbig Ae/Be Stars

We present an analysis of the optical spectra of 75 early-type emission-line stars, many of which have been classified previously as Herbig Ae/Be (HAeBe) stars. Accurate spectral types were derived for 58 members of the sample; high continuum veiling, contamination by nonphotospheric absorption features, or a composite binary spectrum prevented accurate spectral typing for the rest. Approximately half of our sample exhibited [O I] λ6300 forbidden-line emission down to our detection limit of 0.1 Å equivalent width; a third of the sample exhibited Fe II emission (multiplet 42). A subset of 11 of the HAeBe sample showed abnormally strong Fe II absorption; 75% of this subset are confirmed UX Ori objects. Combining our spectral typing results with photometry from the literature, we confirm previous findings of high values of total-to-selective extinction (RV ∼ 5) in our larger sample, suggesting significant grain growth in the environments of HAeBe stars. With this high value of RV, the vast majority of HAeBe stars appear younger than with the standard RV = 3.1 extinction law and are more consistent with being pre–main-sequence objects.