Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhaled antibiotic-loaded polymeric nanoparticles for the management of lower respiratory tract infections

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are one of the leading causes of deaths in the world. Currently available treatment for this disease is with high doses of antibiotics which need to be administered frequently. Instead, pulmonary delivery of drugs has been considered as one of the most efficient routes of drug delivery to the targeted areas as it provides rapid onset of action, direct deposition of drugs into the lungs, and better therapeutic effects at low doses and is self-administrable by the patients. Thus, there is a need for scientists to design more convenient pulmonary drug delivery systems towards the innovation of a novel treatment system for LRTIs. Drug-encapsulating polymer nanoparticles have been investigated for lung delivery which could significantly reduce the limitations of the currently available treatment system for LRTIs. However, the selection of an appropriate polymer carrier for the drugs is a critical issue for the successful formulations of inhalable nanoparticles. In this review, the current understanding of LRTIs, management systems for this disease and their limitations, pulmonary drug delivery systems and the challenges of drug delivery through the pulmonary route are discussed. Drug-encapsulating polymer nanoparticles for lung delivery, antibiotics used in pulmonary delivery and drug encapsulation techniques have also been reviewed. A strong emphasis is placed on the impact of drug delivery into the infected lungs.
Predisposition Factors in Exclusive Breastfeeding in Infants-Literature Review

Background. Nutritional intake inthe first thousand days of a child’s life up to 2 yesars old is very important for growth and development. The low number of exclusive breasfeeding is still to be concern of the Indonesian governmnet . Based on data from Magetan District Health Office in 2019, the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in the Poncol Puskesmas was 48,4 %. The purpose of this systematic literature review is to systematically review some of the results of recent research on the drivers that influence the success of exclusive breastfeeding, namely the factors of knowledge, education, employment, and attitude.The type of research used is systematic literature review (SLR) using the Preffered Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analysis (PRISMA) approach. The database used are DOAJ and SINTA (Garuda), the last 5 years publication limits, analytical research, cross sectional research designs, full text articles, research areas are Indonesia. From the research results found 546 journals and after screening obtained 9 relevant journals. Regarding education, 3 out of 4 journals stated that there was a relationship between education and exclusive breastfeeding. On the employment factor, 4 out 5 journals stated that there was a relationship between wprk and exclusive breastfeeding. In the knowledge factor, all of journals stated that there was a relationship between knowledge and eclusive breastfeeding. While in the attitude factor, 3 out of 4 journals stated that there was a relatioship between attitude and exclusive breastfeeding.The majority, of journal state that there is relationship between education, knowledge, employment, and attitude of mother’s breatfeeding. It is hoped that the results of this review will be able to bring change to readers, especially health workers who have a very important role in providing education and promotion regarding exclusive breastfeeding.
Impacts of expiration date on optimal ordering policy for deteriorating items under two-level trade credit: Quantity loss and quality loss

Abstract Practically, two-level trade credit is usually applied to stimulate the retailer’s order incentive for deteriorating items with expiration date. Nevertheless, previous studies ignore to identify both quantity loss and quality loss derived from expiration date, and lack of examining whether these joint losses impact effectiveness of two-level trade credit. Thus, this paper firstly builds an inventory model for deteriorating items with expiration date, which accurately determines the retailer’s optimal response when involving both quantity and quality losses. (1) For given expiration date, this paper identifies the phenomenon of limit effect and its occurred conditions, referring that the retailer’s optimal order cycle for deteriorating items equals its expiration date; (2) this paper validates the scope of limit effect, below which deteriorating items should be optimally replenished with its expiration date. In addition, two-level trade credit is further incorporated into deteriorating items, resulting in two types of expiration date scenarios including lower and higher. Specifically, for the given expiration date, upstream credit period can affect the retailer’s selection of operational policies, and the occurrence of limit effect. And along with the increase of expiration date, more operational policies can be assumed by the retailer.
Examining the role of individuals’ perceptions of likelihood of sustained commitment in corporate-nonprofit partnership CSR advertisements

Abstract Effective corporate social responsibility (CSR) advertising depends on the nature of the partnership and how it is communicated in messages about CSR initiatives. Guided by the Symbolic Sustainability Model (SSM), this study investigates the effects of communication about CSR initiatives comparing differing CSR approaches through a 2 × 2 between-subjects factorial experiment. After viewing a hypothetical CSR-based advertisement, participants (N = 433) rated their perceptions of initiative effectiveness and attitudes toward the initiative. Compared to a donation-based initiative, a CSR partnership had an indirect, positive effect on audience evaluations, which was mediated by perceptions of the likelihood of the corporation’s sustained commitment to the partnership. The advertising that emphasized a partnership outperformed a donation-focused CSR initiative because participants perceived that the sponsoring corporation was invested in helping the cause for an extended period. The findings indicate that audiences are likely to perceive partnerships and donations positively; however, partnership initiatives may have stronger positive, indirect effects because they may be more likely to signal sustained commitment. The findings support the Symbiotic Sustainability Model (SSM) and demonstrate the efficacy of the SSM for CSR advertising. For practitioners, the findings point to strategies that may be helpful amidst the proliferation of CSR advertising.
Measuring Agility in Tennis, Badminton, and Squash: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT A systematic review in PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar was conducted to provide a state-of-the-science overview of agility tests in the racquet sports tennis, badminton, and squash while evaluating their measurement properties. Twenty articles were included covering 28 agility tests. Results showed 10 sport-specific agility tests of which 5 were assessed on reliability and 6 on validity. Both the Badcamp and the badminton-specific speed (“agility”) test were identified as suitable agility tests available for badminton. For tennis and squash, there were no sport-specific agility tests identified in the literature showing both reliable and valid results. Future research should focus on developing sport-specific agility tests for tennis and squash, including assessment of the reliability and validity of the tests.
Recognition of emotions through facial expression analysis

The possibility of recognizing what emotion one of our peers is experiencing has been the subject of study by various researchers over the years, Paul Ekman being the one who has delved most deeply into this subject, the most viable and simple way to achieve this would be through the analysis of people's facial expressions. The search for information was carried out using rigorous exclusion criteria such as studies corresponding to grizzly data and letters to the editor, and inclusion criteria such as studies published only in high impact journals such as PubMed, Elsevier, Taylor & Francis, ScienceDirect, APA PsycNet and Springer, PRISMA guidelines and AMSTAR check-list were used. The main objective of this systematic review was to determine whether there is sufficient scientific literature evidence to clarify whether it is possible to accurately identify the six basic universal emotions "happiness, surprise, sadness, anger, fear and disgust" proposed by Paul Ekman through facial expressions. After the analysis of the articles collected and based on the main findings, it is concluded that the recognition of emotions through facial expressions is a subject that still needs to be studied in greater depth, as suggested by the results obtained.
Relationship between Company Characteristics and HR Disclosure Level: Evidences from Indian Public Sector Companies

The main purpose of the study is to examine the effect of company characteristics on Human Resource (HR) disclosure practices of listed public sector companies in India. The present study has taken into consideration 71 Indian public sector companies listed on NSE-500 Index. To measure the level of voluntary disclosure of listed public sector companies in India, the Human Resource Disclosure Index (HRDI) is created. It consists of 90 items. The data of HR disclosure score are collected through content analysis of annual reports of selected sample companies. The study was conducted over a period from 2012–2013 to 2017–2018. The data are analysed through descriptive statistics, correlation, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression model and Kruskal–Wallis test. The results of the study demonstrate that market capitalization, ownership concentration, type of auditor, pages of an annual report and return on total assets significantly influence the HRDI of Indian public sector corporations. On the other hand, debt–equity ratio, net fixed assets, net sales, company age, EPS, return on equity, current ratio, profit after tax and listing status are insignificantly associated with HRDI of listed public sector companies in India. Further, it has been observed that the HR disclosure practices varied with various industrial sectors. The present study contributes to the existing studies. HRDI used in the study would be used by businesses as a yardstick to strengthen their HR disclosure in future. JEL Codes: M14, M41, M48, O15
Problem-based learning in medical degree teaching: a scoping review

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a pedagogical approach that shifts the role of the teacher to the student (student-centred) and is based on self-directed learning. Although PBL has been adopted in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education, the effectiveness of the method is still under discussion. We employed a scoping review to appraise available international evidence concerning to the effectiveness and usefulness of PBL methodology in undergraduate medical teaching programs. We applied the Arksey and O’Malley framework to undertake a scoping review. A search of literature published in English and Spanish identified one hundred and twenty four publications eligible for this review. Despite the fact that this review includes many studies, their design is heterogeneous and only a few provide a high scientific evidence methodology (randomized design and/or systematic review with meta-analysis). Furthermore, most are single-center experiences with small sample size and there are no large multi-center studies. PBL methodology obtains a high level of satisfaction, especially among students. It is more effective than other more traditional (or lecture-based methods) at improving social and communication skills, problem-solving and self-learning skills. Knowledge retention and academic performance are no worse (and in many studies are better) than with traditional methods. PBL is not universally widespread, probably because it requires greater human resources and continuous training for its implementation. More comparative and randomized studies and/or other systematic reviews and meta-analysis are required to determine which educational strategies are the most suitable for training the doctors of the future.
DESAFIOS DO ENSINO REMOTO NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA

O presente artigo tem por objetivo caracterizar o atual cenario educacional em tempos de pandemia, principalmente, quanto ao ensino remoto emergencial e os principais desafios enfrentados pelos alunos da educacao basica no Brasil. Para tanto, metodicamente, adotou-se a abordagem qualitativa viabilizada pelo metodo de revisao bibliografica, com cerne na analise de sites de instituicoes que abordam sobre o objeto de estudo em tela. Logo que iniciada a Pandemia de COVID-19, a Organizacao Mundial de Saude (OMS) estabeleceu iniciativas para conter o avanco da doenca gerada pelo Coronavirus, direcionando as atividades educacionais para o ensino remoto para todos os estudantes. Ao longo do desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, os resultados obtidos tendem mostrar que o ensino remoto, no Brasil, ainda e muito excludente e que contribui para o agravamento da desigualdade educacional e a consequente perda da qualidade do ensino. O periodo de ensino nao presencial nestes tempos pandemicos fez emergir enormes desafios para a educacao brasileira e estao, por outro lado, trazendo experiencias e legados que ampliam a reflexao em torno do futuro da organizacao da proposta formativa da Educacao Basica. Em consequencia, este cenario, demanda a mobilizacao de profundos investimentos, planejamento e uma organizacao criteriosa do trabalho pedagogico na Educacao Basica. Palavras-chave: Educacao basica. Pandemia. Ensino remoto.
Edge‐colored complete graphs without properly colored even cycles: A full characterization

The structure of edge‐colored complete graphs containing no properly colored triangles has been characterized by Gallai back in the 1960s. More recently, Cǎda et al. and Fujita et al. independently determined the structure of edge‐colored complete bipartite graphs containing no properly colored C 4 . We characterize the structure of edge‐colored complete graphs containing no properly colored even cycles, or equivalently, without a properly colored C 4 or C 6 . In particular, we first deal with the simple case of 2‐edge‐colored complete graphs, using a result of Yeo. Next, for k ≥ 3 , we define four classes of k ‐edge‐colored complete graphs without properly colored even cycles and prove that any k ‐edge‐colored complete graph without a properly colored even cycle belongs to one of these four classes.
A reversible data hiding method without rounding based on Haar wavelet transform: NON-R

The techniques that allow to obtain hidden data and recover the image has recently been much sought after. The basic objective of the method provided in this study was to analyse coefficients of digital images achieved by wavelet transform in the frequency space, to hide data, and to recover original image without loss. Wavelet transform is an efficient method to find pixel coefficient characteristic of digital images. The proposed method (NON-R) hides data using shifted histogram high-frequency Haar coefficients without rounding into integer. Thus, both hidden data and cover image can be easily recovered. Reversibility is provided by retrieving the cover image after hiding into high-frequency wavelet coefficients and extracting the message from wavelet coefficients. Experimental results show that the NON-R has a better performance than its counterparts in terms of statistical and perceptual outcomes.
INTRODUCTION: ULTRAFAST REACTIONS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS

The present issue of Photochemistry and Photobiology deals with the “ultra‐fast reactions” in the primary process of photosynthesis. The definition of what one calls “ultra‐fast reactions” was left to the individual authors; it ranged from picoseconds (ps) to microseconds (μs). All of the papers were invited for this issue; these include those presented by the various speakers (to be cited at appropriate places) at the symposium on “Primary Photoprocesses in Photosynthesis: Ultrafast Reactions” held at the 5th annual meeting of the American Society for Photobiology, May 11–15, 1977, in San Juan, Puerto Rico. All the papers in this issue were reviewed by three authorities in the field, and the authors have incorporated as many of their suggestions as possible. I thank all the reviewers for their help and their names will be included in the annual list of the reviewers of the entire journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology.
The Diurnal Variation in Stratospheric Ozone from MACC Reanalysis, ERA-Interim, WACCM, and Earth Observation Data: Characteristics and Intercomparison

In this study, we compare the diurnal variation in stratospheric ozone of the MACC (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate) reanalysis, ECMWF Reanalysis Interim (ERA-Interim), and the free-running WACCM (Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model). The diurnal variation of stratospheric ozone results from photochemical and dynamical processes depending on altitude, latitude, and season. MACC reanalysis and WACCM use similar chemistry modules and calculate a similar diurnal cycle in ozone when it is caused by a photochemical variation. The results of the two model systems are confirmed by observations of the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) experiment and three selected sites of the Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) at Mauna Loa, Hawaii (tropics), Bern, Switzerland (midlatitudes), and Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard (high latitudes). On the other hand, the ozone product of ERA-Interim shows considerably less diurnal variation due to photochemical variations. The global maxima of diurnal variation occur at high latitudes in summer, e.g., near the Arctic NDACC site at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. The local OZORAM radiometer observes this effect in good agreement with MACC reanalysis and WACCM. The sensed diurnal variation at Ny-Ålesund is up to 8% (0.4 ppmv) due to photochemical variations in summer and negligible during the dynamically dominated winter. However, when dynamics play a major role for the diurnal ozone variation as in the lower stratosphere (100–20 hPa), the reanalysis models ERA-Interim and MACC which assimilate data from radiosondes and satellites outperform the free-running WACCM. Such a domain is the Antarctic polar winter where a surprising novel feature of diurnal variation is indicated by MACC reanalysis and ERA-Interim at the edge of the polar vortex. This effect accounts for up to 8% (0.4 ppmv) in both model systems. In summary, MACC reanalysis provides a global description of the diurnal variation of stratospheric ozone caused by dynamics and photochemical variations. This is of high interest for ozone trend analysis and other research which is based on merged satellite data or measurements at different local time.
The ‘Flood Resilience Rose’: A management tool to promote transformation towards flood resilience

Coping with the growing impacts of flooding in EU countries, a paradigm shift in flood management can be observed, moving from safety‐based towards risk‐based approaches and holistic perspectives. Flood resilience is a common denominator of most of the approaches. In this article, we present the ‘Flood Resilience Rose’ (FRR), a management tool to promote harmonised action towards flood resilience in European regions and beyond. The FRR is a result of a two‐step process. First, based on scientific concepts as well as analysis of relevant policy documents, we identified three ‘levels of operation’. The first level refers to the EU Floods Directive and an extended multi‐layer safety approach, comprising the four different layers of protection, prevention, preparedness and recovery, and related measures to be taken. This level is not independent but depends both on the institutional (second level) and the wider (third level) context. Second, we used surveys, semi‐structured interviews and group discussions during workshops with experts from Belgium, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom to validate the definitions and the FRR's practical relevance. The presented FRR is thus the result of rigorous theoretical and practical consideration and provides a tool capable to strengthen flood risk management practice.
Vegetation Shapes Aboveground Invertebrates Communities More Than Soil Properties and Pollution on a Metal Contaminated Site

Pollution with trace metals (TM) has been shown to affect diversity and/or composition of plant and animal communities. While ecotoxicological studies have estimated the impact of TM contamination on plant and animal communities separately, ecological studies have widely demonstrated that vegetation is an important factor shaping invertebrate communities. It is supposed that changes in invertebrate communities under TM contamination would be explained by both direct impact of TM on invertebrate organisms and indirect effects due to changes in plant communities. However, no study has clearly investigated which would more importantly shape invertebrate communities under TM contamination. Here, we hypothesized that invertebrate communities under TM contamination would be affected more importantly by plant communities which constitute their habitat and/or food than by direct impact of TM. Our analysis showed that diversity and community identity of flying invertebrates were explained only by plant diversity which was not affected by TM contamination. Diversity of ground-dwelling (GD) invertebrates in spring was explained more importantly by plant diversity (27% of variation) than by soil characteristics including TM concentrations (8%), whereas their community identity was evenly explained by plant diversity and soil characteristics (2-7%). In autumn, diversity of GD invertebrates was only explained by plant diversity (12%), and their identity was only explained by soil characteristics (8%). We conclude that vegetation shapes invertebrate communities more importantly than direct effects of TM on invertebrates. Vegetation should be taken into account when addressing the impacts of environmental contamination on animal communities.
Is Compact Urban Form Good for Air Quality? A Case Study from China Based on Hourly Smartphone Data

In previous studies, planners have debated extensively whether compact development can improve air quality in urban areas. Most of them estimated pollution exposure with stationary census data that linked exposures solely to residential locations, therefore overlooking residents’ space–time inhalation of air pollutants. In this study, we conducted an air pollution exposure assessment by scrutinizing one-hour resolution population distribution maps derived from hourly smartphone data and air pollutant concentrations derived from inverse distance weighted interpolation. We selected Wuhan as the study area and used Pearson correlation analysis to explore the effect of compactness on population-weighted concentrations. The results showed that even if a compact urban form helps to reduce pollution concentrations by decreasing vehicle traveling miles and tailpipe emissions, higher levels of building density and floor area ratios may increase population-weighted exposure. With regard to downtown areas with high population density, compact development may locate more people in areas with excessive air pollution. In all, reducing density in urban public centers and developing a polycentric urban structure may aid in the improvement of air quality in cities with compact urban forms.