Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Complex Systems Design

The design and management of organised systems, comprised of dynamic interdependent collectives of autonomous agents, is the kind of problem that the discipline of complex systems is intended to address. Nevertheless, conventional model-based applications of complex systems may be of limited utility when the problem is also data-poor and soft. In this case, a quantitative model may be at best meaningless; at worst harmful. Systems approaches, such as soft systems methodologies, have been developed that provide some guidance in this domain. However, these alternatives do not utilise the exact techniques of complex systems, preferring to abandon mathematical representations altogether. It is the aim of this thesis to advance a “conceptual analysis” approach to complex systems design that exploits deep insights from the mathematics of complex systems, without building explicit models of the underlying system. It is argued that this approach can extend the domain of applicability of the discipline of complex systems into situations where quantitative data is unavailable, and human and social factors are significant. Conceptual analysis of complex systems is inherently multidisciplinary, because it is broader than the foundations of any single conventional discipline. This is reflected in the structure of this thesis, which spans the philosophy, theory and application of complex systems. Part I on systems philosophy develops an understanding of representation, which sheds light on the utility and limitations of models. The history of the systems movement is then surveyed, systemism is distinguished from both individualism and holism, and ‘system’ is defined. Complex systems is contrasted with both early systems theory and contemporary systems approaches. Part II on complex systems theory firstly relates the major theoretical concepts within a rigourous information theoretical framework. They include complexity, edge of chaos, self-organisation, emergence, adaptation, evolution and self referentiality. The central systems concept – emergence – is then examined in depth beyond its information theoretic interpretation, leading to a concise definition of emergent properties and emergence. A new framework for understanding emergence in terms of scope, resolution and state yields substantial novel insights. It is shown that emergence is coupled to scope, in contrast to the conventional explanation that relates levels of description. Part III applies the preceding philosophical and theoretical framework to real-world problems in the defence and security arena. In the first example, the theory of multi-scale complexity reveals structural impediments to success for conventional force structures in asymmetric warfare, such as Operation Iraqi Freedom. The second example analyses the capability development process, which is responsible
Approach based on wavelet analysis for detecting and amending anomalies in dataset

检测谁的异例是困难的在一些数据属性之中匹配关系与其它很不同“在数据集。 瞄准这个问题，一条途径基于为检测并且修改异常样品的小浪分析被建议。 小浪分析的 Takingfull 优点“多决定和本地分析的性质，这条途径能有效地检测并且修改异常样品。 为一个分离序列认识到小浪翻译的快速的数字计算，一个修改算法基于 onNewton 核心公式也被建议。 试验性的结果证明途径与好结果和好实物是可行的。
Fast and scalable schemes for the IP address lookup problem

Routers forward a packet based on the packet destination address. To do this, they must find the longest matching prefix with the packet destination address in the IP lookup tables. Expanding the size of the global network increases the size of the lookup tables. Increasing the communication line speed reduces the processing and search time since the packets must be switched at wire speed. This implies that the forwarding engines need more efficient IP lookup techniques. We believe the fundamental issue preventing applying the usual tree structures such as m-way trees to the IP lookup problem is the lack of a systematic method to compare and sort strings of different lengths when some of them are prefixes of others. Therefore, a simple scheme for comparing and sorting IP address prefixes is first introduced. Then, we manipulate the prefix data and tune the well known data structures in order to apply them to the IP lookup problem. We propose a binary prefix tree and devise procedures to sort the prefixes and build the index structure. It uses O(N) memory space and works well for the longest prefix matching problem. The binary search tree is extended to m-way trees in order to get better search performance in the next steps. Two versions of m-way trees are proposed, a static m-way prefix tree and a dynamic m-way prefix tree. The first one is more suitable for an environment with lower transaction and expected to give better memory usage and more compact tree structure. The later one, the dynamic m-way prefix tree, is built bottom up like the B-tree and is more suitable for an environment with higher transactions. All data structures share a common property that no data prefix can be in a higher level than its prefix(es). We believe the proposed schemes are simple, well defined, easy to implement in hardware or software and scalable compared to the previously proposed methods while having efficient memory usage and search performance.
GUI for model checkers

System validation, the process of checking the correctness of specifications, designs and products, is an important technique to guarantee the safety and quality of a system. There are several validation techniques, such as peer reviewing, simulation, formal verification, and model checking, etc. Given a finite-state model of a system and a property stated in some appropriate logical formalism, model checking technique can systematically check the validity of this property. Nowadays, model checking is becoming a general and popular approach and is applied in areas like hardware verification and software engineering. Due to its success in several projects and the high degree of support from tools, there are many model checkers available now. From the view of graphical user interface (GUI), some model checkers are primitive, such as TLC [15] which is used to validate a system written in TLA+ specifications [1], which are highly abstract and give the user a compete view of the system; and some do have a good graphical user interface, such as UPPAAL [16] which lets the user validate a system through a GUI, which provides the user more convenience and gives the user a more direct and clearer view of the system, especially in the process of simulation it can help the user understand how the system runs. Another model checker that has a GUI is Xspin [17] which is the graphical interface of Spin [18], a popular open source model checker, which can be used for the formal verification of distributed software systems. Xspin runs independently from Spin and helps by generating the proper Spin commands based on menu selection. Is it possible to develop a GUI for the TLC model checker? How to design this GUI? What problems will be encountered? The goal of the literature survey is to find answers to these questions. The purpose of the final part of the project is to develop the graphical interface of the TLC model checker (the GTLA system) according to the design from the literature survey. The TLA+ user can use the GTLA system to validate a system written in TLA+ specifications through a graphical user interface. This report consists of two parts. The first part is the literature survey, which will discuss the concepts of model checking and introduce three model checkers: TLC, UPPAAL and Xspin; additionally, if it is good to make specifications executable and how to animate specifications will be discussed; finally, a case study, GUI design for the TLC model checker will be presented. The second part is the final thesis, which will introduce how the GTLA system is designed and implemented; the testing result, conclusion and future work will be given at last. This report has been written as the results of the literature survey and the final thesis, two parts of the graduation at Delft Computer Science, Delft University of Technology.
Analysis of Dust Cloud Combustion using High-Speed Infrared Imaging

Dust cloud combustion is unfortunately at risk in many working environments, jeopardizing several workers. The heat and shock waves resulting from the flame propagation into the dust cloud are harmful and lead to major endangerment or casualties. More precisely, dust cloud (small particles) explosions are even more malicious since they often result from ordinary materials such as coal, flour or pollen. In addition, many metal powdered (such as aluminum oxide and magnesium) can form dangerous dust cloud when they are in suspensions in air. The understanding of this particular type of combustion is critical for the preventive care of sites and workers afflicted to such conditions. In order to study the thermodynamic processes involved in combustion (flame propagation), scientists need to understand the main characteristics of the ignition and its phenomenology. The efficiency of combustion is usually characterized by the quantity of energy that is released, by the velocity at which the thermally expanding gases are released and by the spatial and temporal evolution of the generated heat. These general concepts also apply in the case of a dust cloud combustion process. However, the characterization of flame propagation into a dust cloud is more complex since it implicates a series of small ignitions in a three-dimensional dynamics flow. Ideally, the ignition point needs to be spread evenly and uniformly throughout the dust cloud to maximize the efficiency of the combustion. Understanding the behavior of the secondary ignition points as well as their ranging effect helps understanding the global dust cloud combustion process. This paper presents the results of a dynamic flow analysis of metal particles combustion in a dust cloud. The ignition points, the flow rate as well as the propagation direction of the flow have been characterized using fast infrared imagery.
Insight into Improved Thermostability of Cold-Adapted Staphylococcal Lipase by Glycine to Cysteine Mutation

Thermostability remains one of the most desirable traits in many lipases. Numerous studies have revealed promising strategies to improve thermostability and random mutagenesis often leads to unexpected yet interesting findings in engineering stability. Previously, the thermostability of C-terminal truncated cold-adapted lipase from Staphylococcus epidermidis AT2 (rT-M386) was markedly enhanced by directed evolution. The newly evolved mutant, G210C, demonstrated an optimal temperature shift from 25 to 45 °C and stability up to 50 °C. Interestingly, a cysteine residue was randomly introduced on the loop connecting the two lids and accounted for the only cysteine found in the lipase. We further investigated the structural and mechanistic insights that could possibly cause the significant temperature shift. Both rT-M386 and G210C were modeled and simulated at 25 °C and 50 °C. The results clearly portrayed the effect of cysteine substitution primarily on the lid stability. Comparative molecular dynamics simulation analysis revealed that G210C exhibited greater stability than the wild-type at high temperature simulation. The compactness of the G210C lipase structure increased at 50 °C and resulted in enhanced rigidity hence stability. This observation is supported by the improved and stronger non-covalent interactions formed in the protein structure. Our findings suggest that the introduction of a single cysteine residue at the lid region of cold-adapted lipase may result in unexpected increased in thermostability, thus this approach could serve as one of the thermostabilization strategies in engineering lipase stability.
Cache-Aware Real-Time Virtualization for Clustered Multi-Core Platforms

With the increasing complexity of recent autonomous platforms, there is a strong demand to better utilize system resources while satisfying stringent real-time requirements. Embedded virtualization is an appealing technology to meet this demand. It enables the consolidation of real-time systems with different criticality levels on a single hardware platform by enforcing temporal isolation. On multi-core platforms, however, shared hardware resources, such as caches and memory buses, weaken this isolation. In particular, due to the resulting cache interference, a large last-level cache in recent processors can easily jeopardize the timing predictability of real-time tasks due to cache interference. While researchers in the real-time systems community have developed solutions to tackle this problem, existing cache management schemes reveal two major limitations when used in a clustered multi-core embedded system. The first is the cache co-partitioning problem, which can lead to wrong cache allocation and cache underutilization. The second is the cache interference of inter-virtual-machine (VM) communication because prior work has considered only independent tasks. This paper presents a cluster-aware real-time cache allocation scheme to address these problems. The proposed scheme takes into account the cluster information of the system, and finds the cache allocation that satisfies the timing and memory requirements of tasks. The scheme also maximizes slack time to meet task deadline, which brings flexibility and resilience to unexpected events. Tasks using inter-VM communication are also provided with guaranteed blocking time and cache isolation. We have implemented a prototype of our scheme on an Nvidia TX2 clustered multi-core platform and evaluated the effectiveness of our scheme over cluster-unaware approaches.
Wearable health devices in the workplace: The importance of habits to sustain the use

The use of wearable health devices, such as activity trackers or biosensors, offers great potential for managing one’s health levels. Since they are affordable and widely available, organizations are also taking advantage of these systems (referred to as physiolytics), seeing an opportunity to handle some health-related challenges in the workplace. However, once physiolytics are implemented in the workspace, organizations face difficulties in sustaining employees' participation. This is a major problem because, to generate data that can contribute to personal health empowerment, physiolytics need to be used in a continuous manner. Habits are recognized as significant factors in determining sustained use of physiolytics, but there are no precise investigations on how organizations can have an impact on this matter. Because habits are highly contextdependent, organizations have the opportunity to create favorable conditions so that participating employees develop a habituation towards the use of physiolytics. Accordingly, in this paper, we conduct a narrative review to critically evaluate reported evidence and, then, formulate concrete propositions to support wearable health devices’ habituation. We therefore aim to provide practitioners with upstream interventions to concretely help them in increasing the success of physiolytics' implementation as well as open the way for further investigations in this strand of research.
PHASE III TRIAL OFADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPYAND CHEMORADIOTHERAPY FOR PATIENTS WITH RESECTED ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE PANCREAS

ROSS A. ABRAMS, M.D.,* KATHRYN A. WINTER, M.S.,y WILLIAM F. REGINE, M.D.,z HOWARD SAFRAN, M.D.,x JOHN P. HOFFMAN, M.D.,k ROBERT LUSTIG, M.D.,y ANDRE A. KONSKI, M.D.,{ AL B. BENSON, M.D.,** JOHN S. MACDONALD, M.D.,yy TYVIN A. RICH, M.D.,zz AND CHRISTOPHER G. WILLETT, M.D.xx Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; yRadiation Therapy Oncology Group Statistical Center, Philadelphia, PA; zUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; xBrown University, Providence, RI; kFox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; {Wayne State Medical Center, Detroit, MI; **Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; yySt. Vincent’s Cancer Care Center, New York, NY; zzUniversity of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; xxDuke University, Durham, NC
Brain repair after irradiation or ischemia : role of neural stem cells and microglia

Brain injury has devastating consequences for the affected individual, and causes a burden for society. This is largely due to the fact that the mammalian brain has a limited capacity to regenerate. Recent discoveries in neurobiology revealed that the mammalian brain, including humans, is harboring neural stem cells (NSCs) that daily generate new neurons in the hippocampus and the olfactory bulb that contribute to maintain learning and memory throughout life, a process known as adult neurogenesis. When the brain is exposed to an injury or damage, these NSCs migrate to the damaged area, raising the possibilities of spontaneous recovery. Therefore, in this thesis we aimed to study the role of NSCs in brain repair, particularly after injuries caused by irradiation and ischemia. As the brain injury is often associated with inflammation, we also wanted to study the impact of microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain, on NSC biology. Irradiation is used as an efficient tool to treat primary brain tumors and metastases. However, it leads to long-lasting cognitive decline in the cancer survivors. As a possible mechanism, depletion of hippocampal neurogenesis by irradiation has been proposed as a cause for the cognitive decline. As a restorative intervention, transplanted brain-derived NSCs into the irradiated brain have shown to generate neurons and astrocytes, and subsequently improve cognitive performance. However, such an approach might demand a clinically relevant source of cells, preferentially taken from the same patient. We therefore proposed the enteric neural stem/progenitor cells (ENSPCs), which are present in the enteric nervous system, as a source for cells that could be utilized to treat central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. Here, we transplanted the ENSPCs into the hippocampus of young irradiated mice. Our results displayed that ENSPCs showed poor survival in the brain, remained undifferentiated, triggered neuro-inflammation, and did not restore irradiationinduced loss of hippocampal neurogenesis. Brain ischemia is caused by insufficient blood flow that leads to inadequate oxygen and nutrient supply, eventually resulting in neuronal death. After ischemic damage, NSCs increase in numbers and migrate toward the lesioned area, however whether they replace lost neurons is still controversial,
RESOURCES, CAPABILITIES, AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE Eng. Edward Musebe Achieng 1)80/60446/10 INDEPENDENT STUDY PAPER PRESEN I ED IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY, SCHOOL OF BUSINESS, UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI NOVEMBER 2012

The Economic environment in the world is changing rapidly. The change is characterised by such phenomena as. changing customer and investor demands, increasing product-market competition and globalization. To compete successfully in this environment, organizations need to continually improve their performance. In this regard, strategic resource management has been viewed as a strategy towards enhancing performance in order to acquire competitiveness, ( arliskan (2010). Organizational performance is concerned with establishing congruency between organisational goals and societal aspirations through input-output relationships. Further, performance is the culminating result of interactions of the organisational management systems with both the internal and external environmental factors. In the recent past, an extraordinarily predominant socio-economic-political phenomenon has changed the structural configuration of the business world, and operational paradigms of the manufacturing industries. Historically, financial performance indicators, such as return on investment, return on assets, operating profit margin, profit after tax. earning per share, among others, have been used to determine the performance of organizations. It is with this regard that productivity is gaining ground as an indicator of organizational performance. It is important to note that productivity is affected by both internal and external factors. Culture within an organization is one of the internal factors that may affect productivity. K'Obonyo and Dimba (2009) indeed acknowledged in their research that culture is a very potent factor which affects strategic resource management and productivity. The cultural context in which an organization operates will thus have an effect on the strategic resources that are available and how they can bring optimal utility to the organization. The resource-based view is a way of viewing performance of a firm and in turn of approaching strategy. Prahalad and Hamel (1990) viewed and conceptualized the firm as a bundle of resources. These resources, and the way they are combined, are what differentiates one firm from another. While it might seem somewhat obvious that firms are different because they tire comprised of different resources, this perspective is a significant departure from the long dominant market based view held by Porter. Firm resources are generally quite loosely defined, tending to include everything internal to the firm. Barney (1986) lists all assets, capabilities, organizational processes, firm attributes, information, knowledge, among others, as resources. >̂o. it resources can be anything internal to the firm, it is prudent to determine the ones which are
Persistent erythema after human collagen filler injections

ith aging come inevitable changes in skin proteins and various repair mechanisms, leading to wrinkles and lines and making fillers increasingly popular as cosmetic treatment. The concept of soft tissue augmentation dates to 1893, when Neuber became the first physician to remove fat from a patient’s arms to fill facial defects. Some early means of soft tissue augmentation included using autologous fat, paraffin, bovine collagen, and injectable silicone. Because the primary alterations in aged skin occur in the dermis, treatments have targeted primarily this region of the skin. The first of the collagen fillers, Zyderm, a bovine collagen, was introduced in 1977 and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1981. Early clinical studies of Zyderm revealed its effectiveness in concealing age-induced lines. However, the short duration of Zyderm made longer-lasting fillers desirable. Zyplast, a bovine collagen that is cross-linked with 0.0075% glutaraldehyde, was later developed; it demonstrated a longer-lasting clinical effect. Unfortunately, the body rapidly breaks down bovine collagen; most of its clinical effect is lost within 3 to 4 months, requiring patients to return for repeated injections to maintain a lasting clinical effect. Three bovine collagen fillers are available in the United States: Zyderm 1, Zyderm 2, and Zyplast. These fillers comprise highly purified bovine dermal collagen (types 1 and 3) that is dispersed in phosphate-buffered, physiological saline solution containing 0.3% lidocaine.