Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Methods in Cardiovascular Biology The NHLBI-Sponsored Consortium for preclinicAl assESsment of cARdioprotective Therapies (CAESAR) A New Paradigm for Rigorous, Accurate, and Reproducible Evaluation of Putative Infarct-Sparing Interventions in Mice, Rabbits, and Pigs

(2) we successfully established a multicenter structure to support CAESAR’s operations, including 2 surgical centers for each species, a Pathology Core (to assess infarct size), a Biomarker Core (to measure plasma cardiac troponin levels), and a Data Coordinating Center—all with the oversight of an external Protocol Review and Monitoring Committee. Conclusions: CAESAR is operational, generates reproducible results, can detect cardioprotection, and provides a mechanism for assessing potential infarct-sparing therapies with a level of rigor analogous to multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trials. This is a revolutionary new approach to cardioprotection. Importantly, we provide state-of-the-art, detailed protocols (“CAESAR protocols”) for measuring infarct size in mice, rabbits, and pigs in a manner that is rigorous, accurate, and reproducible. ( Circ Res . 2015;116:572-586. DOI: 10.1161/ CIRCRESAHA.116.305462.) infarct size and cTnI levels was assessed by linear regression, Pearson correlation coefficients, and graphical data analyses. infarct (Inf), and ventricular areas were determined with a dual-stain technique as described in the Methods section of this article. There no difference in RR/LV between control and IPC; however, IPC significantly reduced Inf/RR. determine cardiac damage with a different method, plasma levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were determined with a mouse-specific commercial ELISA kit.
Effects of crustal thickness variations on surface wave phase delays

Surface waves are very sensitive to crustal thickness perturbations and can be potentially used to constrain crustal structure at a global scale. In this study, we investigate ﬁnite-frequency effects of surface wave phase delays upon variations in crustal thickness as well as non-linear dependence of phase delays upon Moho depth variations. We simulate wave propagation in global crustal models using spectral element method (SEM) and compare SEM delay-time measurements with calculations based upon ray theory and ﬁnite-frequency theory. Our calculations conﬁrm that ﬁnite-frequency effects can be signiﬁcant when the dominant length scale of Moho depth perturbations is comparable to seismic wavelengths. In regional studies where Moho depth perturbations are less than ∼ 10 km, boundary sensitivity kernels based on linear perturbation theory can be applied to model ﬁnite-frequency effects; in global inversions where perturbations in crustal thickness are large, non-linearity and ﬁnite-frequency effects can be accounted for by using 2-D phase-velocity kernels for boundary perturbations. Finally, we calculate boundary sensitivity kernels in 3-D reference earth models for iterative inversions of global crustal structure. of lateral in on The of crustal velocity perturbations and the trade-off between crustal and in inversions
Meditation (vipassana) and the P3a Event-related Brain Potential Nih Public Access Author Manuscript

A three-stimulus auditory oddball series was presented to experienced Vipassana meditators during meditation and a control thought period to elicit event-related brain potentials (ERPs) in the two different mental states. The stimuli consisted of a frequent standard tone (500 Hz), an infrequent oddball tone (1000 Hz), and an infrequent distracter (white noise), with all stimuli passively presented through headphones and no task imposed. The strongest meditation compared to control state effects occurred for the distracter stimuli: N1 amplitude from the distracter was reduced frontally during meditation; P2 amplitude from both the distracter and oddball stimuli were somewhat reduced during meditation; P3a amplitude from the distracter was reduced during meditation. The meditation-induced reduction in P3a amplitude was strongest in participants reporting more hours of daily meditation practice and was not evident in participants reporting drowsiness during their experimental meditative session. The findings suggest that meditation state can decrease the amplitude of neurophysiologic processes that subserve attentional engagement elicited by unexpected and distracting stimuli. Consistent with the aim of Vipassana meditation to reduce cognitive and emotional reactivity, the state effect of reduced P3a amplitude to distracting stimuli reflects decreased automated reactivity and evaluative processing of task irrelevant attention-demanding stimuli. The neuroelectric (EEG) effects of meditation on brain activity are as yet not well characterized. There is no consensus as to whether evoked sensory and elicited cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs) are altered systematically from long hours dedicated meditators devote to their practice (Cahn and Polich, 2006). Some meditation effects of increased attention-related Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Basal mass budget of Ross and Filchner‐Ronne ice shelves, Antarctica, derived from Lagrangian analysis of ICESat altimetry

Traditional methods of deriving temporal variability of Antarctic ice‐shelf elevation from satellite altimetry use a fixed (“Eulerian”) reference frame, where the measured changes include advection of ice thickness gradients between measurement epochs. We present a new method which removes advection effects by using an independent velocity field to compare elevations in a moving (“Lagrangian”) reference frame. Applying the technique to ICESat laser altimetry for the period 2003–2009 over the two largest Antarctic ice shelves, Ross and Filchner‐Ronne, we show that the Lagrangian approach reduces the variability of derived elevation changes by about 50% compared to the Eulerian approach and reveals clearer spatial patterns of elevation change. The method simplifies the process of estimating basal mass budget from the residual of all other processes that contribute to ice‐shelf elevation changes. We use field data and ICESat measurements over ice rises and the grounded ice sheet to account for surface accumulation and changes in firn air content, and remove the effect of ice‐flow divergence using surface velocity and ice thickness data. The results show highest basal melt rates (>5 m a−1) near the deep grounding lines of major ice streams, but smaller melt rates (<5 m a−1) near the ice‐shelf fronts are equally important to total meltwater production since they occur over larger areas. Integrating over the entire ice‐shelf areas, we obtain basal mass budgets of −50 ± 64 Gt a−1 for Ross and −124 ± 66 Gt a−1 for Filchner‐Ronne, with changes in firn air content as the largest error source.
Early effects of different irradiation techniques used in the treatment of prostate cancer on urination

Bevezetés: A prosztatarák kezelésében jelentős szerepet kapnak a különböző sugárterápiás eljárások. Ennek ellenére a vizelési képességre gyakorolt, rövid és hosszú távú mellékhatásaikat objektív vizsgálómódszerrel igen kevés tanulmányban vizsgálták. Célkitűzés: Arra a kérdésre kerestük a választ, hogy hogyan változik a korai vizelési képesség a különböző sugárterápiás eljárások során. Módszerek: A vizsgálatunkban meghatározott protokoll szerint a kezelés előtt minden bevont beteggel IPSS-t (nemzetközi prosztatatünet-értékelő lap) töltettünk ki, illetve uroflow (vizeletáramlási) vizsgálatot végeztünk, suprapubicus ultrahanggal meghatározott mictiós residuum méréssel kiegészítve. A sugárkezelés befejezésétől számított 4–6 héten belül ismételten elvégeztük ezeket a vizsgálatokat, melyekbe összesen 26 beteget vontunk be. A kezelési modalitások szerint 6, kis dózisteljesítményű (low-dose rate; LDR) brachytherapiában, 5, nagy dózisteljesítményű (high-dose rate; HDR) brachytherapiában, 12, Cyberknife (CK) készüléken extrém hipofrakcionált sugárkezelésben és 3, lineáris gyorsítón (LINAC) mérsékelten hipofrakcionált sugárkezelésben részesített prosztatarákos beteget választottunk be. A kezelések hasonlósága miatt az LDRés a HDR-csoportot együttesen brachytherapiás csoportként (BTCS), a CKés a LINAC-csoportot teleterápiás csoportként (TTCS) vizsgáltuk. Eredmények: A BTCS betegeinél az IPSSés az uroflow paraméterek korai romlása (IPSS irritatív panaszok: p = 0,003, IPSS obstruktív panaszok: p = 0,011, maximális áramlás: p = 0,003, átlagos áramlás: p = 0,006) szignifikánsnak bizonyult, a TTCS-ban mindösszesen az IPSS irritatív tünetekben volt kimutatható eltérés (p = 0,011). Következtetés: A sugárterápiás modalitás kiválasztása előtt javasolható az uroflow és az IPSS-vizsgálat elvégzése. Eredményeink alapján azoknál a betegeknél, akiknél a kezelés előtt középsúlyos vagy súlyos dysuriás vizelési panaszok állnak fenn, a brachytherapia helyett teleterápiás módszerek alkalmazását javasoljuk, amelyek kevésbé rontják a betegek korai vizeletürítési képességét. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(33): 1328–1334.
Class switch recombination in the absence of the IgH 3′ regulatory region

The ~28 kb 3′-regulatory region (3′RR) which is located at the most distal 3′ region of the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy (H) chain locus has multiple regulatory functions that control IgH expression, class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation. Here, we report that deletion of the entire 3′RR in a mouse B cell line that is capable of robust cytokine-dependent CSR to IgA results in reduced but not abolished CSR. These data suggest that the 3′RR is not absolutely required for CSR, and thus is not essential for targeting activation-induced cytidine deaminase to switch regions as has been suggested. Moreover, replacing the 3′RR with a DNA fragment including only its four DNase I hypersensitive sites (lacking the large spacer regions), restores CSR to a level equivalent to or even higher than wild type cells, suggesting that the four HS sites contain most of the CSR-promoting functions of the 3′RR. Stimulated cells express abundant germline transcripts, with the presence or absence of the 3′RR, providing evidence that the 3′RR has a separate role in promoting CSR, that is unique from enhancing S region transcription.
Convection‐driven tectonics on Venus

An analysis is presented for convective stress coupling to an elastic lithosphere as it applies to tectonic deformation on Venus. Theoretical solutions are introduced for the response of a mathematically thick elastic plate overlying a Newtonian viscous medium with an exponential depth dependence of viscosity. A Green's function solution is obtained for the viscous flow driven by a harmonic density distribution at a specified depth. It is shown that during the transient phase of the solution, the field quantities (stress, velocity, displacement) in both media depend upon the rheology of both media, whereas in steady state the solutions become uncoupled. Due to this uncoupling, stresses obtained from a purely viscous solution can be applied as boundary conditions at the base of an isolated elastic plate. I show for such a plate that (1) shear stress imparted at the base of the lower boundary can induce large in-plane stretching mode forces and (2) these forces can be estimated directly from free-air gravity anomalies without detailed knowledge of the density distribution in the underlying flow. Free-air gravity anomalies for Venus imply in-plane forces of about 2–3×1012 N/m. In-plane forces of this magnitude are capable of extensive disruption of the Venusian lithosphere. To demonstrate this, an elastic-plastic analysis is carried out for the deformation of a model Venus lithosphere; the calculation is based on a lithospheric strength envelope and uses gravity and topography as a guide to the magnitude of stresses imparted by convective flow. The results predict that dynamic uplift of Venusian topography must be accompanied by extensive brittle failure and viscous flow in the lithosphere. Geoid anomalies and geoid-to-topography ratios for Venusian topographic features are large compared to values for thermal swells in Earth's ocean basins; this suggests that dynamic support of topography must be an important process on Venus. Further, a low-viscosity zone is probably not present beneath the Venusian lithosphere. A comparative analysis suggests that tectonic deformation of the lithosphere associated with dynamically supported topography on Earth is unimportant.
What's your perspective?

"F/rst person is dead as a perspec/Jve. " So said one of the designers of one of the most famous first-person perspective PC action games of the '90s. I only heard this declaration second hand through a friend of said designer, and as such won't mention who the developer was, or which game he designed. Nonetheless the statement is representative of a sentiment one could see throughout the industry following the runaway success of Tomb Raider, the first hit action game to use a real-time 3D engine with a third-person perspective. The recent success of such first person games as Half IJfe and Rainbow Six seems to have revitalized the popularity of that perspective in the gaming community, but still the debate between the viewpoints continues.What may seem to a developer as a chance to show off the cool moves of a well-defined main character, actually has deep ramifications on the type of game one creates, both in terms of game design and the resulting emotional attachment the player develops within the game. It seems the key comparison to make in considering first and third person PC action games would be between two of the most popular games in each category: John Carmack and John Romero's Doom and Toby Gard and Paul Douglas' Tomb Raider. Doom established the real-time 3D first-person shooter style of game, using a design that largely survives in first-person shooters released today. In Doom, players storm through maze-like levels seeing the world exactly as if they were the character they are controlling their surrogate in the game world.The Space Marine in Doom is a barelydefined character, a blank-slate onto which players can project whatever kind of personality they want. For Tomb Raider, the developers took related technology but changed the game's design completely by making the player see their surrogate in the game world, witnessing the character's deft footwork as she dodged around corners and jumped over pits. Here the central character is Lara Cro~ who has a very specific style to her appearance and actions. Though she doesn't talk much in the Tomb Raider games, Lara is infinitely more defined than the Space Marine from Doom.
The Effect of Warfarin on the Fibrin Architecture of Platelet-Rich Fibrin

Calcium hydroxylapatite filler is a popular dermal filler, as it provides long-lasting results. However, it sometimes undergoes unexpected early volume loss, due to rapid gel absorption before neocollagenesis. To compensate for this phenomenon, hyaluronic acid filler was added to calcium hydroxylapatite filler for injection as a mixture. Twenty-five patients who scored 1 or 2 on the Merz 5-point scale for the nasolabial fold and jawline were injected with 3.0 mL of the mixture. The mixture was prepared with 1.0 mL of hyaluronic acid filler, 0.5 mL of lidocaine, and 1.5 mL of calcium hydroxylapatite filler. A visual analog scale (VAS) and the 5-point global satisfaction scale (GSS) were used for objective and subjective assessments. In a subset of patients, for histologic analysis, 0.1 mL of the mixture and 0.1 mL of only calcium hydroxylapatite filler were injected into the right and left postauricular areas, respectively. The histologic analysis was performed 6 months after implantation. The mean VAS and GSS scores for both sets of wrinkles were above ‘‘fair’’ at every follow-up, including at shortterm and long-term periods. The skin biopsies from both postauricular areas from selected patients showed increased dermal collagen bundles without inflammation. The mixture of calcium hydroxylapatite filler and hyaluronic acid filler maintained constant volume with high satisfaction, as hyaluronic acid filler compensated for the unexpected early volume loss of calcium hydroxylapatite filler. This procedure can be applied safely, and it is also convenient, because no retouching procedure is needed.
That obscure object of desire: multimedia metadata on the Web, Part-1

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the International Standards Organization (ISO) have developed technologies that define structures for describing media semantics. Although both approaches are based on XML, a number of syntactic and semantic problems hinder their interoperability. In Part 2 we discuss these problems as well as ontological issues for media semantics and the problems of applying theoretical concepts to real-world applications.
Biochemical and Endocrine Responses to Impact and Collision During Elite Rugby League Match Play

McLellan, CP, Lovell, DI, and Gass, GC. Biochemical and endocrine responses to impact and collision during elite rugby league match play. J Strength Cond Res 25(6): 1553-1562, 2011—The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the prematch and short-term postmatch biochemical and endocrine responses to the intensity, number, and distribution of impacts associated with collisions during elite Rugby League match play. Seventeen elite male Rugby League players each provided blood and saliva samples 24 hours prematch, 30 minutes prematch, 30 minutes postmatch, and then at 24-hour intervals for a period of 5 days postmatch to determine plasma creatine kinase concentration ([CK]) and salivary cortisol concentration ([sCort]). The intensity, number, and distribution of impact forces experienced by players during match play were recorded using portable global positioning systems (GPSs). The change in the dependent variables at each sample collection time was compared to 24 hours prematch and 30-minute prematch measures. The [CK] and [sCort] increased significantly (p < 0.05) during match play. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) were observed between the number of hit-ups and peak [CK] 24 hours postmatch, 48 hours postmatch, and 72 hours postmatch (p < 0.05). The number of impacts recorded in zone 5 (8.1-10.0G) and zone 6 (>10.1G) during match play was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) to [CK] 30 minutes postmatch, 24 hours post, 48 hours post, and 72 hours postmatch. The GPS was able to provide data on the intensity, number, and distribution of impacts resulting from collisions during match play. Elite Rugby League match play resulted in significant skeletal muscle damage and was highly dependent on the number of heavy collisions >8.1G. [CK] remained elevated 120 hours postmatch identifying that at least 5 days modified activity is required to achieve full recovery after elite Rugby League match play.
Aerial photographic interpretation of lineaments and faults in late Cenozoic deposits in the eastern part of the Benton Range 1:100,000 quadrangle and the Goldfield, Last Chance Range, Beatty, and Death Valley Junction 1:100,000 quadrangles, Nevada and California

Lineaments and faults in Quaternary and late Tertiary deposits in the southern part of the Walker Lane are potentially active and form patterns that are anomalous with respect to the typical fault patterns in most of the Great Basin. Little work has been done to identify and characterize these faults, with the exception of those in the Death Valley-Furnace Creek (DVFCFZ) fault system and those in and near the Nevada Test Site. Four maps at a scale of 1:100,000 summarize the existing knowledge about these lineaments and faults based on extensive aerial-photo interpretation, limited field investigations, and published geologic maps. The lineaments and faults in all four maps can be divided geographically into two groups. The first group includes west- to north-trending lineaments and faults associated with the DVFCFZ and with the Pahrump fault zone in the Death Valley Junction quadrangle. The second group consists of north- to east-northeast-trending lineaments and faults in a broad area that lies east of the DVFCFZ and north of the Pahrump fault zone. Preliminary observations of the orientations and sense of slip of the lineaments and faults suggest that the least principle stress direction is west-east in the area of the first group andmore » northwest-southeast in the area of the second group. The DVFCFZ appears to be part of a regional right-lateral strike-slip system. The DVFCFZ steps right, accompanied by normal faulting in an extensional zone, to the northern part of the Walker Lane a the northern end of Fish Lake Valley (Goldfield quadrangle), and appears to step left, accompanied by faulting and folding in a compressional zone, to the Pahrump fault zone in the area of Ash Meadows (Death Valley Junction quadrangle). 25 refs.« less
Intra- to Multidecadal Climate Variability over the Continental United States: 1932–99

Abstract Trend analysis is used frequently in climate studies, but it is vulnerable to a number of conceptual shortcomings. This analysis of U.S. climate division data uses an alternate approach. The method used here subjects time series of annual average temperature and total precipitation to tests of Mann–Whitney U statistics over moving sampling windows of intra- to multidecadal (IMD) duration. In applying this method to time series of nationally averaged annual rainfall, a highly significant incidence of wet years is found after the early 1970s. When applied to individual climate divisions this test provides the basis for a climate survey method that is more robust than linear trend analysis, and capable of objectively isolating the timing and location of major IMD climate events over the United States. From this survey, four such periods emerge between 1932 and 1999: the droughts of the 1930s and 1950s, a cool 1964–79 period, and wet–warm time windows at the end of the century. More circumstantial co.
Anisotropic semblance analysis and NMO corrections for long offset data

Sedimentary rocks can be regarded as transversely isotropic (TI) media. One difficulty in seismic processing is how to flatten the events for long offset data. P-wave reflections from horizontal reflectors in transversely isotropic media have non-hyperbolic moveout. For a multi-layered model, the reflection moveout formula is usually expressed as a Taylor series with higher order terms ignored. Alkhalifah and Tsvankin (1995) developed a three term Taylor series formula to calculate reflection travel times from a horizontal reflector in TI media with vertical symmetry axis (VTI). Using this formula, NMO correction works well for short spread lengths, but not so well for long spreads. Zhang and Uren (2001 a, b) developed an approximate explicit analytical P-wave ray velocity function for transversely isotropic (TI) media. From this ray velocity function, a reflection travel time formula from a horizontal reflector in TI media was derived. This formula can be used for anisotropic NMO correction. It works well for both large offsets and small offsets. In order to obtain the unknown parameters required for seismic processing, a 3D-semblance analysis technique has been developed. We tested this method with numerical data from TI models with a single horizontal reflector and from multi-horizontal reflector models. The method was also tested with an isotropic model with multi-horizontal reflectors. The results show that the events can be completely flattened even for very large offsets and that both multi-layered TI and isotropic models may appear to be anisotropic.