Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrology of Tierney Creek, Vestfold Hills, Antarctica

Abstract The discharge in Tierney Creek from proglacial Chelnok Lake was recorded during the summer of 1987–1988. In addition, air temperature, water temperature, and radiation were recorded. Multiple linear regressions revealed that discharge could be predicted from recorded radiation and air temperature in late summer. In early summer, other factors such as wind must also be taken into account. Long-term discharge fluctuations displayed response times that decreased during the runoff season due to the opening of the meltwater channels on the ice-margin. During parts of the runoff season, flow variations were modulated by nocturnal freezing in the creek, a phenomenon still more pronounced in Onyx River in the Dry Valleys of Victoria Land. Hydrologically, Tierney Creek resembled Onyx River, but, in the Onyx, the flow pattern was more exclusively determined by low air temperatures than it was in Tierney Creek. In the Dry Valleys, streams whose lengths, gradients, and discharges are of the same magnitude as those of Tierney Creek, also display similar recession coefficients and time lags between flow peak and insolation peak.
Structure of the Drosophila melanogaster Flight Muscle Myosin Filament at 4.7 Å Resolution Reveals New Details of Non-Myosin Proteins

Striated muscle thick filaments are composed of myosin II and several non-myosin proteins which define the filament length and modify its function. Myosin II has a globular N-terminal motor domain comprising its catalytic and actin-binding activities and a long α-helical, coiled tail that forms the dense filament backbone. Myosin alone polymerizes into filaments of irregular length, but striated muscle thick filaments have defined lengths that, with thin filaments, define the sarcomere structure. The motor domain structure and function are well understood, but the myosin filament backbone is not. Here we report on the structure of the flight muscle thick filaments from Drosophila melanogaster at 4.7 Å resolution, which eliminates previous ambiguities in non-myosin densities. The full proximal S2 region is resolved, as are the connecting densities between the Ig domains of stretchin-klp. The proteins, flightin, and myofilin are resolved in sufficient detail to build an atomic model based on an AlphaFold prediction. Our results suggest a method by which flightin and myofilin cooperate to define the structure of the thick filament and explains a key myosin mutation that affects flightin incorporation. Drosophila is a genetic model organism for which our results can define strategies for functional testing.
Peripheral nerve traction injury. Literature review

Traction injury of the peripheral nerve (TIPN) is an injury that occurs as a result of stretching the nerve beyond its normal elastic properties. An analysis of the available literature has revealed the following. TIPN is the most common type of severe nerve injury in the setting of road traffic accidents, catatrauma, gunshot wounds, birth injuries, etc. The dynamics of TIPN during fast and slow stretching is the same and includes three phases: elastic, inelastic and tearing. The limits of elastic stretching of the nerve are determined by the degree of tortuosity of myelinated fibers and the elasticity of the connective tissue framework of the nerve. Stretching of the nerve beyond its elastic limits is characterized by rupture of axons and endoneurial sheaths, including at a considerable distance from the epicenter of pathomorphological changes, which determines the severity of the injury and the impossibility of effective nerve autoregeneration. The force of stretching and the direction of its application to the nerve trunk determine the severity of TIPN. The degree of nerve stretching varies along its length and reaches a maximum in the periarticular areas. A fairly moderate stretching of the nerve can lead to a noticeable change in the conductivity of electrical impulses. Unlike other localized types of nerve injury, the pattern of pathomorphological changes in TIPN includes various forms of damage to structural elements. Understanding the pathophysiology of TIPN is a prerequisite for the development of optimal treatment of this type of injury.
Longitudinal assessment of health-related quality of life among older people with diabetes: results of a nationwide study in New Zealand

Background: The current work examined experiences of Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) among older adults with a diagnoses of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) over time compared to those without a diagnoses DM. Methods: The sample was drawn from six biennial waves of the New Zealand Health, Work and Retirement survey, a prospective population-based cohort study of older adults 55-70 years at baseline. Data on sociodemographic factors, health behaviours, chronic disease diagnoses and physical and mental HRQOL (SF-12v2) were obtained using six biennial surveys administered 2006-2016. Generalised Estimating Equation models, adjusted for time-constant and -varying factors, were employed to compare HRQOL and its determinants over time for older adults with and without a diagnosis of DM. Results: DM was negatively associated with physical HRQOL [β (95% CI) −7.43 (−8.41, −6.44)] with older adults affected by DM reporting scores 7.4 points lower than those without DM. Similarly, the mean Mental HRQOL score was lower among those affected by DM [β = −4.97 (−5.93, −4.01)] however, scores increased over time for both groups ( p <0.001). Greater age, more chronic conditions, sight and sleep problems, obesity, lower annual income, and fewer years of education were predictors of poorer HRQOL among older adults. Conclusions: Older adults affected by diabetes experienced poorer physical and mental HRQOL compared to those not affected, when controlling for a range of sociodemographic and health related indices. A management aim must be to minimise the gap between two groups particularly as people age.
A Comprehensive Cybersecurity Maturity Study for Nonbank Financial Institution

In today's era of digital disruption, information security holds paramount importance for institutions, demanding their utmost attention. Effective management of organizational information is a crucial component in achieving Good Corporate Governance. The level of protection measures serves as an indicator of an organization's cybersecurity awareness and its ability to safeguard business processes in the short, medium, and long term, especially within the realm of information and communication technology (ICT). To achieve this, organizations require a suitable security standard tailored to their specific needs, aiding them in assessing the maturity level of their cybersecurity measures and protecting their information security. This paper focuses on a case study conducted at an Indonesian Life Insurance firm, which manages critical infrastructure and digital financial transactions. The organization has already implemented several international security standards through comprehensive planning, implementation, evaluation documentation, and ICT activities. However, these initiatives have absorbed a substantial portion of the company's budget. Consequently, both management and stakeholders need to ascertain the effectiveness of these investments and gain insights into the company's preparedness to support its digitalization efforts, considering its extensive operations in the region and the prevailing cyber threats. To address these concerns, this study employs an analysis based on the NIST Cybersecurity Framework version 1.1, with a primary focus on operational effectiveness rather than mere compliance. The results and findings regarding the maturity level of cybersecurity within the organization are anticipated to inform improvements in ICT management. By conducting this analysis, the organization aims to bolster its information security posture, enhance its ability to combat cyber threats. Ultimately, this study aims to contribute to the overall advancement of information security within organizations operating in today's digitally disruptive landscape.
Looking and learning: a spatial pattern in the orientation flight of the wasp Vespula vulgaris

A spatial pattern has been found in the orientation flight that the wasp Vespula vulgaris, performs on its first departure from a newly discovered feeder. The flight consists of arcs roughly centred on the feeder. Towards the end of each arc, the wasp turns to face the feeder. These inspection points are precisely arranged along lines extending out from the feeder. Hymenoptera are known to store information about their surroundings during orientation flights. We suggest that the information is memorized during these aligned inspections and that the alignment assists acquisition.
CURVATURE TENSORS ON ALMOST HERMrTIAN MANIFOLDS

A complete decomposition of the space of curvature tensors over a Hermitian vector space into irreducible factors under the action of the unitary group is given. The dimensions of the factors, the projections, their norms and the quadratic invariants of a curvature tensor are determined. Several applications for almost Hermitian manifolds are given. Conformal invariants are considered and a general Bochner curvature tensor is introduced and shown to be a conformal invariant. Finally curvature tensors on four-dimensional manifolds are studied in detail.
Ameliorative effects of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Curcuma longa rhizome on lead-induced toxicity in adult male Wistar rats

Lead as very common in the environment as heavy released through burning of various fuels, mining, and manufacturing of lead batteries. Therefore, constant exposure to lead predisposes people to lead induced toxicity with acute and prolonged exposure. This study investigated the ameliorative roles of Curcuma longa rhizome extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) on the haematological, erythrocyte osmotic fragility, plasma biochemistry and indicators of associated oxidative stress in the rats. Thirty-five adult male Wistar rats that weigh 150-190 g used in this experiment were randomly divided into seven groups, A to G which consist five rats in each group. The positive control (group A) was given distilled water, Group B rats were administered a dose of 150 mg/kg lead acetate only. Groups C-D rats were given 150 mg/kg lead acetate plus 100 and 200 mg/kg aqueous extract of Curcuma longa respectively, while group E and F rats were exposed to a dose of 150 mg/kg lead acetate with 100 and 200 mg
How stable are twentieth-century calibration models? A high-resolution summer temperature reconstruction for the eastern Swiss Alps back to AD 1580 derived from proglacial varved sediments

We found a significant positive correlation between local summer air temperature (May-September) and the annual sediment mass accumulation rate (MAR) in Lake Silvaplana (46°N, 9°E, 1800 m a.s.l.) during the twentieth century (r = 0.69, p < 0.001 for decadal smoothed series). Sediment trap data (2001-2005) confirm this relation with exceptionally high particle yields during the hottest summer of the last 140 years in 2003. On this base we developed a decadal-scale summer temperature reconstruction back to AD 1580. Surprisingly, the comparison of our reconstruction with two other independent regional summer temperature reconstructions (based on tree-rings and documentary data) revealed a significant negative correlation for the pre-1900 data (ie, late ‘Little Ice Age’). This demonstrates that the correlation between MAR and summer temperature is not stable in time and the actualistic principle does not apply in this case. We suggest that different climatic regimes (modern/‘Little Ice Age’) lead to changing state conditions in the catchment and thus to considerably different sediment transport mechanisms. Therefore, we calibrated our MAR data with gridded early instrumental temperature series from AD 1760-1880 (r = -0.48, p < 0.01 for decadal smoothed series) to properly reconstruct the late LIA climatic conditions. We found exceptionally low temperatures between AD 1580 and 1610 (0.75°C below twentieth-century mean) and during the late Maunder Minimum from AD 1680 to 1710 (0.5°C below twentieth-century mean). In general, summer temperatures did not experience major negative departures from the twentieth-century mean during the late ‘Little Ice Age’. This compares well with the two existing independent regional reconstructions suggesting that the LIA in the Alps was mainly a phenomenon of the cold season.
Existence results for fractional Fisher-Kolmogoroff steady state problem

In the present paper, we study the existence results of positive weak solution for the fractional Fisher-Kolmogoroﬀ steady state problem. We establish a condition under which the system under consideration has a positive weak solution. Also, we consider the case in which there is no positive weak solution. We use the method of sub-supersolutions to establish our existence results.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Its Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study with Thematic Analysis of Patients and Caregivers Who Participated in Self-Help Groups

This study employs a qualitative methodology to explore the effects of the pandemic on the lives of ALS patients and their caregivers. It aims to understand whether and how online self-help groups have assisted families dealing with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. ALS is a neurodegenerative disease with both physical and psychosocial implications. Consequently, it significantly affects the lives of patients’ caregivers. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated this situation. The results show that the pandemic has had a negative impact on the well-being of ALS caregivers and patients. Furthermore, bereavement and death were dealt with in different ways by the families involved. The pandemic aggravated the health of ALS patients and increased the workload of their caregivers; however, online psychological support was appreciated for its role in providing emotional help and diminishing social isolation.
Clustering and Switching on verbal fluency tests in elementary school children with and without learning difficulties

ABSTRACT Purpose Evaluate the performance in the Semantic and Phonemic Verbal Fluency tests in relation to the cognitive components of clustering and switching and explore the changes in development in elementary school. Methods Participants were 68 children from the 2nd to 5th grade of elementary school of a public school in the municipality of Santo André, divided into two groups, Learning Difficulty (LD) and Typical Development (TD). Results The Verbal Fluency tests were compared for the number of clusters, mean size of the clusters, and number of switches. All variables compared showed a statistically significant higher score for Semantic Verbal Fluency. Means and standard deviations of the same variables for year and group effect were realized in both Verbal Fluency tests. A statistically significant difference was observed only for the total number of clusters in the Semantic Verbal Fluency test for group effect, with the best performance of the TD group. A high correlation was observed between the total number of correct answers with the total number of clusters and number of switches in both Verbal Fluency tests. In addition, a correlation was observed between the total number of correct answers and the mean size of the clusters only in the Phonemic Verbal Fluency. Linear regression analysis showed greater variance for the total number of clusters, making it more predictable for performance in both verbal fluency tests. Conclusion Verbal Fluency tests may be sensitive and predictive for the identification of possible differences in school performance associated with reading.
Subpersonal Introspection

Kammerer and Frankish (this issue) set up a broad tent, intended to encompass all forms of directly-useable self-awareness. But they omit an entire dimension of possibilities by restricting themselves to person-level self-awareness. Their account needs to be enriched to allow at least for model-free meta-representational signals that are not consciously available, but whose appraisal issues in action-tendencies and/or states of person-level emotion.
First‐order major element variation in basalt glasses from the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge: 29°N to 73°N

Basaltic glasses from 29°N to 73°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge define two geographic and compositional groups that are characterized by different major element concentrations, phase assemblages and partition coefficients. Group A glasses occur on the ridge segment north of Gibbs Fracture Zone, from 54°N, along the Reykjanes Ridge, the western volcanic zone of Iceland and Kolbeinsey Ridge, up to 70°N. Similar glasses occur also on the ridge from 29°N to 34°N. Group A is characterized by pronounced alumina depletion and iron-enrichment trends, lower silica and alkalis and higher iron and high CaO/Al2O3. Clinopyroxene is only present in the more evolved group A glasses (Mg-value < 58). Olivine-glass partition coefficients for Mg and Fe are systematically lower in group A than group B (Schilling and Sigurdsson, 1979), reflecting effects of melt composition on structure of the liquids. Group B glasses define the ridge segment north of 35°N over the Azores platform and up to Gibbs F. Z. , at 53°N. They are also present on the Mohns Ridge north of the Jan Mayen F. Z. at 71°N and at least as far north as 73°. Group B glasses are characterized by higher silica and alkalis, low iron and lack of alumina depletion and iron-enrichment trends. They contain calcic clinopyroxene (Cpx) throughout the compositional range, whereas the sub-calcic augite is absent. The major-element variation within each group can be modeled quantitatively by fractional crystallization involving the phenocryst phases. In group A, the model involves only olivine (Ol) and plagioclase (Pl) extraction in the early stages, but a total of 60% crystallization of the most primitive magma is required, yielding a final solid extract of Ol-Pl-Cpx in the proportions 1:3.3:1.5. Group B fractionation models require clinopyroxene extraction throughout the compositional range, and 45% crystallization of the primitive magma is required to account for the most evolved glasses giving a total solid extract of Ol-Pl-Cpx in proportions 1:5:3.9. The range of glass compositions in the two groups forms two distinct but parallel cotectic trends within the basalt tetrahedron, which are believed to define the quaternary univariant line Ol-Pl-Cpx-Liq along which the magmas evolved during fractionation at low to intermediate pressure. It is proposed that the shift in phase boundaries and univariant lines reflects differences in melt and source compositions of the two groups. The distribution of the two groups is thus taken to indicate two major petrographic provinces of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Assessment of the amount of cesium‐137 released into the Pacific Ocean after the Fukushima accident and analysis of its dispersion in Japanese coastal waters

Numerical modeling was used to provide a new estimate of the amount of 137Cs released directly into the ocean from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (NPP) after the accident in March 2011 and to gain insights into the physical processes that led to its dispersion in the marine environment during the months following the accident. An inverse method was used to determine the time-dependent 137Cs input responsible for the concentrations observed at the NPP's two liquid discharge outlets. The method was then validated through comparisons of the simulated concentrations with concentrations measured in seawater at different points in the neighborhood of the plant. An underestimation was noticed for stations located 30 km offshore. The resulting bias in the release inventory was estimated. Finally, the maximum 137Cs activity released directly to the ocean was estimated to lie between 5.1 and 5.5 PBq (Peta Becquerel = 1015 Bq) but uncertainties remain on the amount of radionuclides released during the first few days after the accident. This estimate was compared to previous ones and differences were analyzed further. The temporal and spatial variations of the 137Cs concentration present in the coastal waters were shown to be strongly related to the wind intensity and direction. During the first month after the accident, winds blowing toward the south confined the radionuclides directly released into the ocean to a narrow coastal band. Afterwards, frequent northward wind events increased the dispersion over the whole continental shelf, leading to strongly reduced concentrations.
Drag and shear stress partitioning in sparse desert creosote communities

Most research to characterize the wind-erosion susceptibility and the degree of surface roughness required to suppress erosion on erodible surfaces has been empirical. However, a recently proposed shear velocity ratio model attempts to place shear stress partitioning in an entirely theoretical framework. The purpose of this study was to directly measure components of shear stress in a sparsely vegetated environment in order to evaluate the model. For the field study, new instrumentation was developed to measure drag on a creosote shrub, and Irwin sensors were modified to measure surface shear stress in the field. Simultaneous measurements of total shear stress and surface shear stress were taken at four sites of different roughness densities, in the Eldorado Valley, Nevada. Results indicate that porous shrubs had greater drag coefficients (Cd = 0.485) than did solid elements (sphere Cd = 0.3) and are more effective at protecting a surface. Values of β, the ratio of element to surface drag coefficients, we.
Peran Maryam Khatoon Molkara dan Ayatollah Khomeini terhadap Akses Teknologi Kesehatan (Operasi Perubahan Kelamin) bagi Transgender dan Transeksual di Iran - Madeline Kisariani Jahamou

Tulisan ini merupakan kajian dari globalisasi dan strategi yang akan berfokus pada akses teknologi kesehatan bagi para transgender dan transeksual di Iran. Konflik yang disebabkan oleh perbedaan orientasi seksual merupakan sebuah isu yang paling berkembang pada masa globalisasi seperti saat ini dalam masyarakat. Isu yang juga merupakan isu yang dikaji dalam ilmu hubungan internasional ini memperlihatkan bagaimana peran pemerintah dalam mewujudkan keamanan individu bagi masyarakatnya khususnya bagi para transgender dan transeksual. Proses globalisasi yang turut berkontribusi pada perkembangan teknologi kesehatanlah yang menjadi diksursus tersendiri dalam melihat isu transgender dan transeksual. Berbeda dengan banyak negara yang masih melarang masyarakatnya untuk merubah jenis kelamin, Iran memiliki kebijakan yang berbeda terkait perubahan jenis kelamin. Ini semua berdasarkan alasan medis dan tertunya peran individu seperti Maryam Khatoon Molkara dan juga Ayatollah Khomaini. Lebih lanjut lagi, tulisan ini akan mengkaji bagaimana peran individu serta globalisasi dapat mewujudkan akses teknologi (Operasi Perubahan Kelamin) dilakukan secara legal di Iran.