Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the wind‐forcing of bottom pressure variability at Amsterdam and Kerguelen Islands, southern Indian Ocean

[1] Bottom pressure records from Amsterdam and Kerguelen Islands (southern Indian Ocean) were collected between 1986 and 1989, and interpreted previously in terms of volume transport fluctuations between the islands [Vassie et al., 1994]. Since a substantial portion of the mean transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) flows between the islands, it was assumed that ACC transport variability was the predominant signal being measured, and comparisons with ACC variability at other longitudes were made. Here we examine the relationship between atmospheric forcing and observed bottom pressure variability. We find that Kerguelen bottom pressure is forced predominantly by wind stress curl over the Kerguelen Plateau for periods between around 5 days and 1 year. A weaker correlation with circumpolar eastward winds is observed, but is seen not to be causal. Amsterdam pressure shows a similar local response to curl for high frequencies (5–10 days), but at longer periods is sensitive to curl over the sub-basin between Kerguelen Plateau, the Southeast Indian Ridge, and Antarctica. This is the region of long-wavelength sea level variability observed by Chao and Fu [1995], and interpreted in terms of a geostrophic resonance by Webb and de Cuevas [2002a]. Altimetric studies confirm the usefulness of the Amsterdam location in monitoring this mode. We conclude that the Amsterdam-Kerguelen pressure difference is not a useful measure of ACC transport variability, and that previous agreement found between variability observed here and other locations is largely fortuitous. Instead, the series separately reflect different important dynamical modes in the southern Indian Ocean.
The study of ERS-1 SAR and Landsat TM synergism for land use classification

This work presents a comparative analysis of ERS-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) images used for land use classification. The study area of 361 km2 is located in the City of Campinas, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, and contains several classes of land use, including urban, agricultural and forests. The TM and SAR images were registered and transformed using the principal components transformation. SAR images were also filtered using an average filter. The principal components derived from SAR filtered, SAR, TM and coregistered TM/SAR and TM/SAR filtered images were classified using the maximum likelihood approach. Tests of 'goodness of fit' were also made to assess the statistical properties of the images. The results, confirmed by Kappa statistics, show a significant improvement when classifying the principal components of filtered SAR and TM images for urban, pasture and forest classes.
Evaluation of food insecurity and associated factors in women of childbearing age: A community‐based study from Turkey

Abstract Food security is an important factor in ensuring a healthy diet. However, it has been reported that women are more vulnerable to food insecurity than men in many countries. In addition, there is little evidence that Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence is associated with a lower risk of food insecurity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate food insecurity and associated factors in women of childbearing age. In addition, women's adherence to MD and its relationship with food insecurity were evaluated. This descriptive and cross‐sectional study was conducted with 2675 adult women aged 18–49. The demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, nutritional habits, compliance with the MD, and the level of food insecurity were evaluated using the structured, self‐administered, web‐based questionnaire form. The mean age of the individuals was 29.5 ± 10.35 years. 21.6% of individuals had food insecurity, and 5.2% had severe food insecurity. 36.4% of the individuals adhere to the MD. There was a statistically significant difference between the individuals with and without food security regarding age, marital status, and income status (p < .05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of the Mediterranean diet adherence score (MEDAS) and MEDAS classification between individuals with and without food security (p > .05). It was determined that age, marital status, and income status affected food insecurity (R 2 = 0.374; p < .001). Also, it was determined that age, number of main meals and snacks, and income status affected adherence to MD (R 2 = 0.286; p < .001). In conclusion, considering the fragility of women in food insecurity, more comprehensive studies should be conducted in this area to better define the factors associated with food insecurity in women and inform policymakers. In addition, the results of this study can shed light on comprehensive intervention studies in this area.
Case History for a Major Alberta Deep Basin Gas Trap: The Cadomin Formation

Abundant, high-quality geological data from the gas productive Elmworth region of the Alberta Deep basin reveal the existence of enormous gas accumulations found in an unconventional form of trap. This special form of "deep basin" gas trap defies conventional concepts of gas entrapment by turning them virtually upside-down. Gas is trapped in the deepest part of the basin, rather than on the flank of the basin. The gas/water contact occurs at the updip end of the accumulation, rather than the downdip end. Original gas accumulation pressures lie below the regional formation water pressure gradient, rather than above it as in conventional traps. Gas in at least one giant accumulation is in a dynamic state of updip migration, rather than in static equilibrium as found in conv ntional traps. The Lower Cretaceous Cadomin formation in the Alberta Deep basin provides some of the best available information on basic characteristics of deep basin gas traps. Physical principles behind this form of gas entrapment were confirmed in fluid flow models designed to simulate the Cadomin gas-trapping conditions.
Levels of IL-6 are Associated with Lifetime Attempted Suicide in Alcohol Use Disorder Patients

Background Patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) have an increased risk of suicide. Neuroimmunological measures, such as cytokines, are shown to deviate in people with attempted suicide. Few studies have investigated this among AUD patients. Patients and Methods One-hundred and fourteen patients undergoing residential treatment for AUD were interviewed on lifetime suicide attempts (SA) along with several other background variables and clinical characteristics. Serum blood samples were drawn for analysis of cytokines. Results Thirty-one patients (27%) reported at least one SA. These patients had more symptoms of current affective disorders and more severe dependence. In bivariate analysis only IL-6 and IL-10 appeared to be associated with lifetime SA but without reaching statistical significance. In multivariate linear regression, adjusting for sex, nicotine use, somatic illness, and the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, IL-6 was associated to SA (p = 0.033). Conclusion The cytokine IL-6 has repeatedly been found to be associated with suicidality. The present study concurs with this role of IL-6 in a naturalistic observational study of AUD patients.
Geometric Maneuvering for Underactuated VTOL Vehicles

The geometric maneuvering problem for underactuated vertical takeoff and landing vehicles is considered in this article. First, driven by the demands in this study, the input-to-state stability (ISS) theory is extended to the closed set case with input restriction considered. Then, the inner-outer loop hierarchical paradigm, originally proposed for tracking, is modified for the maneuvering problem, based on which the maneuvering problem is formulated as a closed set stabilization problem. Then, a novel singularity-free outer-loop maneuvering control law is proposed, whose ISS property is proved under the above extended ISS theory framework. Then, the geometric maneuvering controller is designed for thrust and torque inputs by combining such outer-loop control law with the existing attitude controller, and the interconnected closed-loop system is proved to be uniformly asymptotically stable. Real-time flight experimental results are presented to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed controller.
Effects of nutrient injection on the Xinjiang oil field microbial community studied in a long core flooding simulation device

Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) is an option for recovering oil from depleted reservoirs. Numerous field trials of MEOR have confirmed distinct microbial community structure in diverse production wells within the same block. The variance in the reservoir microbial communities, however, remains ambiguously documented. In this study, an 8 m long core microbial flooding simulation device was built on a laboratory scale to study the dynamic changes of the indigenous microbial community structure in the Qizhong Block, Xinjiang oil field. During the MEOR, there was an approximate 34% upswing in oil extraction. Based on the 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, our results indicated that nutrition was one of the factors affecting the microbial communities in oil reservoirs. After the introduction of nutrients, hydrocarbon oxidizing bacteria became active, followed by the sequential activation of facultative anaerobes and anaerobic fermenting bacteria. This was consistent with the hypothesized succession of a microbial ecological “food chain” in the reservoir, which preliminarily supported the two-step activation theory for reservoir microbes transitioning from aerobic to anaerobic states. Furthermore, metagenomic results indicated that reservoir microorganisms had potential functions of hydrocarbon degradation, gas production and surfactant production. Understanding reservoir microbial communities and improving oil recovery are both aided by this work.
One stone for two birds: Endophytic fungi promote maize seedlings growth and negatively impact the life history parameters of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda

The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda, is a voracious pest of cereals native to the Americas and which invaded Africa in 2016. Chemical control is the main management option, which however remains ineffective and unsustainable. Fungal endophytes are increasingly used as alternative for the management of insect pests of economic importance. This study assessed the potential of eight endophytic fungal isolates to colonize maize plant and their ability to promote seedlings growth through seed and foliar inoculations, as well as their suppressive effects on FAW. Fungal colonization rates of different plant parts by the endophytes varied as per the inoculation methods. Beauveria bassiana ICIPE 279 colonized more than 60% of all the seedling parts while B. bassiana G1LU3 only colonized stem (25%) and leaf (5%) tissues through foliar inoculation. Trichoderma atroviride F2S21, T. asperellum M2RT4, T. harzianum F2R41, Trichoderma sp. F2L41, Hypocrea lixii F3ST1 and Fusarium proliferatum F2S51 successfully colonized all the plant parts and therefore were selected and further evaluated through seed inoculation for their endophytic persistence, effect on plant growth, and pathogenicity to Spodoptera frugiperda immature and adult stages. Weekly assessment showed varied effect of the endophytes on maize plant growth parameters compared to the control. During the first week, percentage colonization of the plant parts ranges between 90%–100%, 65%–100%, and 60%–100%, in the roots, stems, and leaves, respectively for all the five tested isolates. However, the colonization pattern/rates significantly decreased over time for H. lixii F3ST1 in the stems and leaves, and for T. harzianum F2R41 in the leaves and for T. asperellum M2RT4 in the roots. In addition, T. harzianum F2R41 outperformed all the other isolates in boosting the plant height, whereas H. lixii F3ST1 and T. asperellum M2RT4 outperformed all the other isolates in increasing the wet and dry shoots weight. Furthermore, the number of egg masses laid on endophytically-colonized maize plants varied among the treatments. Trichoderma asperellum M2RT4 and H. lixii F3ST1 endophytically-colonized maize plants significantly reduced the number of egg masses and the defoliation/feeding rates of the pest compared to the control. Additionally, T. harzianum F2R41 had the highest negative impact on the pupation and adult emergence of S. frugiperda with a female-biased sex ratio. Our findings indicate that T. asperellum M2RT4, T. harzianum F2R41, and H. lixii F3ST1 hold a potential to be developed as endophytic-fungal-based biopesticides for sustainable management of S. frugiperda and as plant growth promoters.
THE ECOLOGY OF THE FOREST/SAVANNA BOUNDARY (PROCEEDINGS OF THE IGU HUMID TROPICS COMMISSION SYMPOSIUM, VENEZUELA, 1964).

Abstract : The report is the outcome of a symposium on the ecology of the forest/savanna boundary. The papers presented at the meeting have been cut and edited so that a theme is presented rather than a series of papers. In the introduction, the problems involved in savanna classification and the ambiguity of terminology are discussed, types of savanna found in different parts of the world described, and methods of examination analysed. The section is concluded by a description of the field trip made by the Symposium members, during which many of the differences in attitude were seen in a fresh light. A second chapter is concerned with savanna/forest boundaries held stable by factors of the physical environment; here the roles of flooding and desiccation, climate, soils and geomorphology are examined. In the third chapter the authors discuss stable boundaries resulting from human action. Fire and the role of domesticated grazing animals are seen as the major factors. The subject of the fourth section is the boundary when not in equilibrium. Many factors are examined in different parts of the world including soil, wild animals, fire, palaeoclimatology and man. An evaluation is made of the use of palynological and historical data. (Author)
Spatial and Temporal Resolution Needs for Volcano Topographic Change Data Sets Based on Past Eruptions (1980–2019)

Up‐to‐date topography data sets are essential for forecasting volcanic hazards and monitoring deformation. Digital elevation models are used to quantify eruption rates, used in flow modeling programs, and are necessary to accurately process interferometric synthetic aperture radar data for surface deformation. We can track topographic change at volcanoes through fieldwork, airborne instruments, and satellite data, with the last providing the greatest potential for global coverage. Despite this global coverage, we do not know the characteristics of topographic change at volcanoes over a given time interval. We define the specific acquisition needs for topography data using topographic change detected from recent eruptions. We review existing literature and compile a data set of eruptive products (121 lava flows, 99 domes and 163 pyroclastic density currents (PDCs)) from eruptions between 1980 and 2019. We find that different sensing capabilities are required for different use cases. A vertical accuracy of 1 m would detect 92% of all eruptive products including 100% of lava domes and lava flows, but only 78% of PDCs. A horizontal resolution of 13 × 13 m pixels is the minimum necessary to detect 90% of all eruptive products. Explosive eruptions (with PDC products) typically lasted less than 1 day and would need a temporal resolution of 1 day while a longer repeat interval is acceptable at effusive eruptions (lava domes and flows), which could last weeks to years. We find a lack of consistent data acquisition, with 45% of the 383 eruptive products reported not having published spatial dimensions.
Araguainha impact crater, Brazil. I. The interior part of the uplift

— The central uplift of the 40-km wide Araguainha impact structure, Brazil, consists of a ring, about 8 km in diameter, of up to 150-m high blocks of Devonian Furnas sandstone, which surround a central depression of elliptical shape (4.5 × 3.0 km). The depression is occupied by a pre-Devonian alkali-feldspar granite, shocked by pressures of 20–25 GPa and permeated by cataclastic shear zones and dikes of shocked granitic material. The granite is flanked and partly covered by several impact breccias: (1) Impact breccia with melt matrix overlies the granite in places and forms hills, bordering the granitic center in the S and SW. It is chemically identical with the granite and consists of thermally altered granitic clasts in a matrix of sanidine, quartz, biotite, muscovite, chlorite and riebeckite. (2) Polymict breccias form hills which border the central depression in the N and NW. Components are unshocked and shocked sediments, shock-melted sandstone, shocked granite and shock melt rocks in irregular masses and individual bodies, embedded in a fine-grained matrix. 40Ar/39Ar analyses show that the melt rocks solidified 246 Ma ago, indicating that the impact occurred at near the Permian-Triassic boundary, possibly when the area was covered by a shallow sea. The present chemistry and petrography of the melt rocks suggest that by reacting with seawater granitic impact melt was depleted of K and Rb and enriched in Na, and that later diagenetic processes produced replacement of feldspar by quartz and deposition of hematite. (3) Monomict breccias, consisting of unshocked, shocked and shock-fused quartz sandstones, form hills which surround the central depression in the SE and S. The Araguainha structure is an eroded complex crater, produced by an impact, 246 Ma ago. The depth of excavation was about 2.4 km, comprising Permian, Permo-Carboniferous and Devonian sediments and the granitic basement. The diameter of the transient crater was about 24 km. Erosion and weathering have removed most of the original crater fill and ejecta deposits, with the exception of remnants, preserved in the central uplift.
Analysis of artificially illuminated static indoor scenes

Fluorescent lamps are becoming popular as an indoor light source in many commercial sites. While high speed video cameras can detect variations in the illumination levels from such light sources, they can be quite costly to operate. Moreover, most popular security video cameras can only operate up to a maximum speed of 30 frames per second. Would the camera be able to detect such variations in the scene caused by the inconsistent level of illumination from the fluorescent lamps? This paper examines several image quality measures to detect flickering on video signals from the video cameras at low frame rates. Future research is outlined at the end of the paper.
Can the Digital Economy Enhance the Investment Efficiency in The Manufacturing Industry?

This paper uses the A-share listed manufacturing companies in China from 2015 to 2020 as research samples, and explores the impact of the digital economy on the investment efficiency of manufacturing enterprises. In addition, this paper investigates the moderating effect of marketization on the relationship between the digital economy and investment efficiency of manufacturing enterprises. The research finds that the development of the digital economy can significantly promote the investment efficiency of manufacturing enterprises. The research conclusion remains valid even after a series of robustness tests. By introducing the moderating variable of the degree of marketization, it is found that the degree of marketization can have a positive moderating effect on the digital economy's promotion of the investment efficiency of manufacturing enterprises. Moreover, the study divided into groups of state-owned enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises and conducts further tests. The findings show that the effect of the digital economy on investment efficiency is more reflected in non-state-owned enterprises, and the moderating effect is also reflected in non-state-owned enterprises. The conclusion of the research has a policy reference value for playing the positive role of the digital economy, stimulating the development of the digital economy and promoting advanced manufacturing.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF TRAFFIC TO ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

Impending legislation pertaining to atmospheric PAH concentrations has intensified efforts to identify their sources. Particulate-phase PAH were measured every 2 h between 06.00 and 20.00 on 12/5/96 at a heavily trafficked location in the center of Birmingham, U.K. Concentrations of 17 out of 18 PAH were significantly correlated (≥ 95% confidence level) to those of CO and NOx. Using the CO-PAH and NOx-PAH linear regression equations, it is estimated that during this sampling event 71% (59−87%) and 59% (47−81%), respectively, of 4−7 ring PAH originated from traffic. At weekly intervals between 7/15/97 and 12/9/97, simultaneous monitoring of particulate-phase PAH was conducted over 24 h periods at the same city center location, and a campus site ca. 3 km southwest of the city center, and ca. 500 m from the nearest busy road. Intersite differences in PAH concentrations should thus arise primarily from differences in traffic emissions. Using B[e]P as an indicator, the contribution of traffic to concentrations.
Deforestation alters the hydraulic and biogeochemical characteristics of small lowland Amazonian streams

We investigated how clearing of the tropical rainforest for cattle pasture along small, terra firme lowland streams in the Brazilian Amazon influenced stream hydraulic characteristics, solute concentrations and uptake of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus. Measurements of stream channel structure, hydraulic properties and nutrient uptake were obtained from short‐term conservative and non‐conservative solute injections and an in‐stream transport model in two watersheds with pairs of similar‐sized forest and pasture streams in Rondônia. The pasture stream channels were deeper and had a lower cover of sandy bottom habitat and a higher cover of aquatic grass habitat than the forest streams. The pasture streams had larger transient storage zones, higher ratios of transient to channel storage and a shorter hydraulic uptake length than the forest streams. The pasture streams had lower concentrations of dissolved oxygen and NO3− and higher concentrations of dissolved Fe2+. Forest streams exhibited no NO3− uptake, but one pasture stream took up NO3− while the other did not. Uptake of NH4+ was low and variable among streams. Uptake velocities and rates of PO43− were greater in pasture streams compared to those in forest streams. In all streams, uptake lengths for NO3−, NH4+ and PO43− were long and indicated generally lower rates of uptake than in most comparably sized temperate forest streams. Uptake lengths or velocities were not correlated with stream transient storage, suggesting that other factors, such as hypoxia in pasture streams, controlled nutrient uptake. The structural differences are typical for the region, suggesting that deforestation may be altering stream hydrology and biogeochemistry over many thousands of kilometres of primary and secondary stream channels in the Amazon Basin. A better understanding of the extent and distribution of altered hydraulic and biogeochemical function in small streams is required to assess the importance of these changes for larger river networks in the Amazon basin. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.