Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variation among the genotypes of tomato for crossability to its wild relatives

A inter-specific crossing programme was carried out employing 3 variety/ breeding lines of tomato (Berika, BCT-115 dg and Alisa Craig) which were crossed with its 4 wild relatives (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformae, Solanum pimpinellifolium, Solanum chilense and Solanum peruvianum) in both ways following conventional hybridization method. The number of fruits set and developed up to maturity, which contained viable seeds, determined crossability. In most of the cases, incompatible crosses resulted drop of the flowers, which were cross-pollinated. Solanum lycopersicum x Solanum chilense and Solanum lycopersicum × Solanum peruvianum crosses were not successful. In few crosses of Solanum lycopersicum x Solanum chilense and Solanum lycopersicum × Solanum peruvianum, some under-sized fruits containing no seed developed up to the maturity, which might have happened due to stimulative parthenocarpy. The F1 seeds of the inter-specific hybrids of Solanum lycopersicum × Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformae and Solanum pimpinellifolium showed complete viability. However, few seeds in some fruits resulted from the Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformae × Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum pimpinellifolium × Solanum lycopersicum crosses did not germinate which amply demonstrated the manifestation of unilateral incongruity. Production of viable hybrids between Solanum lycopersicum × Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformae re-established the presumption that part of the Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformae was genetically close to the cultivated tomato and Solanum pimpinellifolium belongs to Lycopersicon esculentum complex and close relative of cultivated tomato.
Formulation of Hyaluronidase Enzyme Sensitive Topical Nanomicrobicides for HIV Virus Transmission Prevention

The objective of this dissertation is to design and optimize a nanoformulations (nanoparticle and nanofiber) delivery system loaded with anti-HIV topical microbicides for HIV prevention in women. In chapters 1 and 2, the overview of the problem, research objectives as well as the literature review of the technical and scientific background of this dissertation are introduced. In chapter 3, a study was designed to test the hypothesis that a triggered release of a topical anti-HIV microbicide (tenofovir: TFV) from hyaluronic acid based nanoparticles (HANPs) can be achieved under the influence of hyaluronidase (HAase) enzyme. The Fractional Factorial Experimental Design (FFED) was employed to examine the formulation variables such as: molar concentrations of adipic acid dihydrazide (X1) and 1-Ethyl-3-[3dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride (X2), volume of acetone (X3) and reaction time (X4), and their influence on the responses such as Y1; particle mean diameter: PMD (nm), Y2; polydispersity index: PDI and Y3; zeta (ζ) potential: (mV). The cross-linking efficiency of NPs was characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR), and C-nuclear magnetic
Impact of Globalisation on baijiu — China’s spirits industry: A case study of the British Diego Plc takeover of Swellfun Company Ltd

This paper examines the British takeover of the Chinese flag bearer of baijiu: Swellfun Co Ltd and the rationalisation of cross border entry mode. British distiller Diageo Plc shifts acquisition priority to the rapidly rising Asian markets, in order to compensate the decline in sales elsewhere. In 2010, Diego Plc made 32 percent of revenues from emerging economies. This forward push in Asia raised profits at 1.5 percent to value about £1.63b. On the other hand, revenues fell 3 percent in Europe, due the shrinking markets of Greece and Ireland. Early into 2000, baijiu tariffs account 34.4 percent for wine in containers below two litres and 38 percent for bulk wine. Halfway into the 2000 decade, tariffs fell to 14 percent for baijiu in containers below two litres and 20 percent for bulk wine. By so, easing regulations, costs and import barriers, an increasing number of baijiu distributors and brands have entered the market, resulting tougher competition. The Baijiu Case highlights the Chinese alcohol industry difficulty encountered as China liberalises trade policy. Given the cultural challenges with her traditional protectionist stance, the British takeover of the Swellfun Ltd Co and cross border market penetration was carried out. The case renders interesting insight on the changing economic program of China to keep control of country economy and political stability. Fundamentally, the PRC acts to ensure home grown industries get the most out of the market and continue to generate profits amidst free trade schemes. As it is, Chinese consumers have a broadened selection of competitively priced alcohol drinks, of good quality (China Statistical Yearbook 2003).
Computational simulation of the dynamics of secondary organic aerosol formation in an environmental chamber

ABSTRACT A key atmospheric process that is studied in laboratory chambers is the oxidation of volatile organic compounds to form low volatility products that condense on existing atmospheric particles (or nucleate) to form organic aerosol, so-called secondary organic aerosol. The laboratory chamber operates as a chemical reactor, in which a number of chemical and physical processes take place: gas-phase chemistry, transport of vapor oxidation products to suspended particles followed by uptake into the particles, deposition of vapors on the walls of the chamber, deposition of particles on the walls of the chamber, and coagulation of suspended particles. Understanding the complex interplay among these simultaneous physicochemical processes is necessary in order to interpret the results of chamber experiments. Here we develop and utilize a comprehensive computational model for dynamics of vapors and particles in a laboratory chamber and analyze chamber behavior over a range of physicochemical conditions. Copyright © 2018 American Association for Aerosol Research
Vapor grown Perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells has been the fastest growing solar cell material till date with verified efficiencies of over 22%. Most groups in the world focuses their research on solution based devices that has residual solvent in the material bulk. This work focuses extensively on the fabrication and properties of vapor based perovskite devices that is devoid of solvents. The initial part of my work focuses on the detailed fabrication of high efficiency consistent sequential vapor NIP devices made using P3HT as P-type Type II heterojunction. The sequential vapor devices experiences device anomalies like voltage evolution and IV hysteresis owing to charge trapping in TiO2. Hence, sequential PIN devices were fabricated using doped Type-II heterojunctions that had no device anomalies. The sequential PIN devices has processing restriction, as organic Type-II heterojunction materials cannot withstand high processing temperature, hence limiting device efficiency. Thereby bringing the need of co-evaporation for fabricating high efficiency consistent PIN devices, the approach has no-restriction on substrates and offers stoichiometric control. A comprehensive description of the fabrication, Co-evaporator setup and how to build it is described. The results of Co-evaporated devices clearly show that grain size, stoichiometry and doped transport layers are all critical for eliminating device anomalies and in fabricating high efficiency devices. Finally, Formamidinium based perovskite were fabricated using sequential approach. A thermal degradation study was conducted on Methyl Ammonium Vs. Formamidinium based perovskite films, Formamidinium based perovskites were found to be more stable. Lastly, inorganic films such as CdS and NiOx were developed in this work.
VANILLIN EXTRACTED FROM PROSO MILLET AND BARNYARD MILLET INDUCE APOPTOSIS IN HT-29 AND MCF-7 CELL LINE THROUGH MITOCHONDRIA MEDIATED PATHWAY

Objective: The main aim of the study was to investigate the bioactive compound vanillin extracted from proso millet (compound 1), and barnyard millet (compound 2) induces apoptotic cell death and whether it is mediated through mitochondrial pathway in HT-29 and MCF-7 cell line.Methods: The cells were treated with 250 I¼g/ml and 1000 I¼g/ml concentration of extracted vanillin for 48 hrs. Cytochrome c release and expression level of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and caspase-9 were detected by western blot analysis.Results: The results reveal that extracted compounds increased the release of cytochrome c and upregulating the expression of Bax and caspase-9 as concentration increases in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: The study suggests that the vanillin compound extracted from these millets induces apoptotic cell death through a mitochondria-dependent pathway.
β-Carboline–imidazopyridine hybrids: selective and sensitive optical sensors for copper and fluoride ions

Two rationally designed β-carboline–imidazopyridine hybrid chromofluorescent sensors S1 and S2 have been successfully synthesized and evaluated for the selective sensing of metal ions and anions. The synthesized sensors selectively sense copper ions through a significant color change from colorless to yellow along with a shift in their absorption spectra and enhancement in their emission intensities to ‘turn on’ the fluorescence mode in preference to other metal ions. Moreover, sensors S1 and S2 also recognize fluoride ions via H-bond interaction and subsequent deprotonation to elicit a color change from colorless to yellow conspicuous to the naked eye. Detailed UV-visible analyses revealed that the sensors interact with copper ions in a 1 : 1 binding stoichiometry with a detection range of 10−7 M. In addition, competing binding studies by UV-visible analyses revealed that the sensors exhibit more selectivity toward copper ions in comparison to fluoride ions. These experimental results were further corroborated by DFT (Density Functional Theory) calculations.
Molecular Simulation of the Structure of Methane Hydrate Using the Wolf Method

In this article, the structure of methane hydrate is predicted at the formation pressure and temperature using Monte Carlo molecular simulation. Electrostatic long-range interactions are calculated using the Wolf method. The most common method used for handling long-range interactions in simulating methane hydrates is the Ewald sum method. The Wolf method is less expensive than the Ewald sum in computational cost. The final equation is also much simpler mathematically than the Ewald sum final equation. Simulation results show very good agreement with those obtained by the Ewald method published in the open literature.
Adsorption of Sodium on Doped Graphene: A vdW-DF Study

Background: Due to its very low cost and availability of sodium, the sodium ion batteries (SIBs) can be the best alternative to the existing lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The search for a novel anode candidate is the key hurdle associated with SIBs. Objective and Method: A novel anode contender, Be-doped graphene, is proposed for the SIBs through our first-principles calculations. Results: The integration of Be can cause a 6 times increment in the adsorption of Na as revealed by M06-2X calculations. The sodiation potential is in a good range in order to evade the security concerns caused by the dendrite formation. A total of 10 Na ions are attached easily around on beryllium (Be) centre in graphene sheet causing an enhancement in the Na storage capacity. The value of storage capacity calculated for Na8BeC17 is 2.7 times that of graphitic carbon in LIBs (~370 mAh/g), and 3.35 times that of hard carbon in SIBs (300 mAh/g). Conclusion: These results show the novelty and promising potential of the Be-doped graphene to be used as anode material for SIBs. A R T I C L E H I S T O R Y Received: March 08, 2018 Revised: April 26, 2018 Accepted: May 11, 2018 DOI: 10.2174/2452273202666180517101215
Non-chromatographic separation and determination of thimerosal and inorganic mercury in vaccines by Fe3+-induced degradation with cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry

An effective, rapid and inexpensive method without chromatographic separation was proposed for the determination of thimerosal (THM) and inorganic mercury (IHg) in vaccine samples, based on Fe3+-induced degradation of THM in a commercially available atomic fluorescence spectrometer (AFS). In the proposed method, inorganic mercury was measured at a low concentration of KBH4 (0.005%, m/v) in the absence of Fe3+, while the total mercury (THg) was determined by measuring the same fluorescence signals of IHg and THM, which was effectively degraded and reduced in the presence of 10 mg L−1 Fe3+ and a relatively high concentration of KBH4 (1.0%, m/v). Then, the concentration of THM can be obtained by subtracting IHg concentration determined in the absence of Fe3+ from THg concentration in the presence of Fe3+. The parameters influencing mercury determination were optimized in detail, including Fe3+ concentration, the concentration of the KBH4 reductant and HCl carrier, and the carrier gas flow rate. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection for THM and IHg were 0.03 μg L−1 and 0.02 μg L−1, respectively. Spiked commercial vaccine samples including hepatitis-B and rabies vaccines were analyzed. Satisfactory recoveries were obtained for both THM and IHg.
Design and Implementation of RF Front-End Module Based on 3D Heterogenous-Integrated Wafer-Level Packaging

In this paper, a three-dimensional heterogenous-integrated (3DHI) wafer-level packaging (WLP) process is proposed, and a radio frequency (RF) front-end module with two independent ultra-high frequency (UHF) receiving channels are designed and implemented, which covers 400 MHz–600 MHz and 2050 MHz–2200 MHz respectively for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications. The module is formed by wafer-to-wafer (W2W) bonding of two high-resistivity silicon (HR-Si) interposers with embedded bare dies and through silicon via (TSV) interconnections. Double-sided deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) and conformal electroplating process are introduced to realize the high-aspect-ratio TSV connection within 290 µm-thick cap interposer. Co-plane waveguide (CPW) transmission lines are fabricated as the process control monitor (PCM), the measured insertion loss of which is less than 0.18 dB/mm at 35 GHz. The designed RF front-end module is fabricated and measured. The measured return loss and gain of each RF channel is better than 13 dB and 21 dB, and the noise figure is less than 1.5 dB. In order to evaluate the capability of the 3DHI process for multi-layer interposers, the module is re-designed and fabricated with four stacked high-resistivity silicon interposers. After W2W bonding of two pairs of interposers and wafer slicing, chip-to chip (C2C) bonding is applied to form a four-layer module with operable temperature gradient.
Recent Progress in the Solution-Based Sequential Deposition of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Hybrid organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites have probably become the most famous and prospective class of materials for photovoltaic application in the past decade. The extremely fast increase of certified power conversion efficiencies, from 3.8 to 22.7% in less than seven years, encourages researchers around the globe and indicates the materials advantageous optoelectronic properties. The most important properties for future commercialization have turned out to be the low cost of precursor materials and the simplicity of solution processability. This article reviews the latest advancements in the solution-based sequential deposition of planar perovskite absorber layers, which show promise to be multifaceted, reproducible, and controllable. Strong research interest has recently been devoted to the optimization of the surface coverage and morphology, both of which considerably influence the photovoltaic performance. Herein, we first concentrate on the deposition of lead-containing precursors from typ.
Model Order Reduction Techniques for Physics-Based Lithium-Ion Battery Management: A Survey

To unlock the promise of electrified transportation and smart grids, emerging advanced battery management systems (BMSs) will play an important role in the health-aware monitoring, diagnosis, and control of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries (see “Acronyms Used in This Article”). Sophisticated physics-based battery models incorporated into BMSs can offer valuable internal battery information to achieve improved operational safety, reliability, and efficiency and to extend the battery lifetimes. However, because they are developed from fundamental electrochemical and thermodynamic principles, rigorous physics-based models are saddled with exceedingly high cognitive and computational complexity for practical applications.
Analysis of Ion-association Equilibrium of Precipitable Dipicrylaminate Ion in Aqueous Solution by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

The ion-association equilibrium of the dipicrylaminate ion (DPA^−) was investigated in an aqueous solution with alkali metal ions and with its 18-crown-6 ether complexes as pairing cations by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Although DPA^− is precipitable with the pairing cations of K^+ and Cs^+ in a homogenous aqueous solution, a low concentration of DPA^− below its solubility suppressed the formation of the precipitates, and DPA^− was detected as a usual CZE signal. Changes in the electrophoretic mobility of DPA^− was analyzed for its ion-association equilibrium. The ion association constants determined were almost comparable among alkali metal ions, while the ion association constants were meaningfully large with a hydrophobic 18-crown-6 ether complex of K^+. The CZE separation was also proved to be useful for the equilibrium analysis under precipitating conditions. It was suggested that the precipitable property of DPA^− with K^+ and Cs^+ could not be attributed to the ion-association process in an aqueous solution, but to the condensation process concerning the intermolecular CH⋯O bond in the precipitate crystals, as reported.
Outcomes of All inside ACL Reconstruction Technique in Young Patients

Anterior cruciate ligaments have been known for almost 2,000 years and were first named by Claudius Galen of Pergamon. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is small band inside the knee joint spanning from femur to tibia and act as internal stabilizer, preventing hyperextension, anterior tibial translation and internal tibial rotation giving knee a rotational stability. Study has shown that ACL carries mechanoreceptors that are sensitive to change in direction of movement, position of the knee joint, changes in acceleration, speed, and tension [1]. The two components of ACL are anteromedial (AM bundle) and Posterolateral (PL bundle).
Biaxial strain tuned electronic structures and power factor in Janus transition metal dichalchogenide monolayers

Tuning the physical properties of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers by strain engineering is an area that has been widely studied, and recently a Janus TMD monolayer MoSSe has been synthesized. In this work, we systematically study the biaxial strain dependence of the electronic structures and transport properties of Janus TMD MXY (M = Mo or W, X/Y = S, Se, or Te) monolayer by using generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and spin–orbit coupling (SOC). It is found that SOC has a noteworthy detrimental influence on power factor in p-type MoSSe, WSSe, n-type WSTe, p-type MoSeTe and WSeTe, and has a negligible influence on n-type MoSSe, MoSTe, p-type WSTe and n-type MoSeTe. This can be understood by considering SOC effects on their valence and conduction bands. For all six monolayers, the energy band gap firstly increases, and then decreases, when strain changes from a compressive one to a tensile one. It is found that strain can tune the strength of band convergence of both valence and conduction bands by changing the numbers and relative position of valence band extrema (VBE) or conduction band extrema (CBE), which can produce very important effects on their electronic transport properties. By applying appropriate compressive or tensile strain, both n- or p-type Seebeck coefficient can be enhanced by strain-induced band convergence, and then the power factor can be improved. Our works further enrich studies on the strain dependence of electronic structures and the transport properties of new-style TMD monolayers, and will motivate further experimental works.
Parameters affecting the synthesis of -tricalcium phosphate powder using a wet precipitation method

In this work, precursor materials that are normally used to directly synthesise hydroxyapatite (HA) were adopted to obtain tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Calcium hydroxide, (Ca(OH)2), and phosphoric acid, (H3PO4), with a Ca/P ratio of 1.5, were mixed as the precursor materials. The mixture was stirred at various stirring speeds ranging from 0 to 400 rpm, over a range of stirring durations of 1 to 4 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, the as-prepared powders were calcined at different temperatures ranging from 500C-1300C for a soaking duration that was varied between 1-4 hours. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG) were used for thermal analyses to ascertain the calcination temperatures, whilst x-ray diffraction (XRD) was utilised to determine the phases formed before and after calcination. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to monitor the morphological changes at different calcination temperatures. Based on the XRD results, the phases formed were dependent on the processing parameters employed. This work has successfully ascertained that the most optimum parameters to synthesise singlephase β-TCP are a stirring speed of 200 rpm, a calcination temperature of 900C, a calcination soaking duration of 2 hours and a mixing duration of 1 hour. Microstructural observation conducted on the -TCP powders obtained at calcination temperatures of 900C to 1300C showed an aggregated structure of particles with massive grain growth as the temperature was raised up to 1300C.
Work histories and provision of grandparental childcare among Italian older women

This work investigates the link between grandmothers’ participation in the labour market during adult life (between ages 18 and 49) and their provision of grandparental childcare later in life. Our contribution is twofold. First, we consider the Italian case, that despite its reliance on informal care has been under-researched. Second, we test two contrasting arguments on the association between grandchild care provision and grandmother’s work histories. On the one hand, lifelong homemakers could be more family-oriented and more likely to provide grandchild care in later life. On the other hand, ever-employed grandmothers could be more likely to have employed daughters and provide grandchild care to support their working careers. With data from the Multipurpose surveys on Families and Social Subjects (2003, 2009, 2016), we estimate logistic regression models, considering various specifications of grandparental childcare, and measuring labour market attachment in three different ways (having ever worked, length of working career, employment interruptions for family reasons). Results show a dualism between grandmothers who ever worked and those who never did, with the former more likely to provide grandparental childcare, especially when parents are at work. Grandmothers who worked only a few years are more similar, in terms of grandchild care provision, to those who worked throughout their life, than to lifelong homemakers. This association is stronger in the South and North-West of Italy. Overall, we showed that care responsibilities are inextricable from labour market participation, as grandmothers who already juggled family and work are those supporting the most their adult children’s work–family reconciliation.