Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
No Spin-Localization Phase Transition in the Spin-Boson Model without Local Field

We explore the spin-boson model in a special case, i.e., with zero local field. In contrast to previous studies, we find no possibility for quantum phase transition (QPT) happening between the localized and delocalized phases, and the behavior of the model can be fully characterized by the even or odd parity as well as the parity breaking, instead of the QPT, owned by the ground state of the system. The parity breaking mentioned in our case is completely different from the spontaneously broken symmetry relevant to the conventionally defined QPT in previous studies. Our analytical treatment about the eigensolution of the ground state of the model presents for the first time a rigorous proof of no-degeneracy for the ground state of the model, which is independent of the bath type, the degrees of freedom of the bath and the calculation precision. We argue that the QPT mentioned previously appears due to incorrect employment of the ground state of the model and/or unreasonable treatment of the infrared divergence existing in the spectral functions for Ohmic and sub-Ohmic dissipations.
A Possible Approach to Three-dimensional Cosmic-Ray Propagation in the Galaxy. II. Stable Nuclei with Energy Change

We extend our model of three-dimensional cosmic-ray propagation without energy change to that including energy change due to reacceleration and ionization energy loss. We assume that there is no boundary in both the radial spread of the disk and the latitudinal spread of the halo, and that the three critical parameters, the diffusion coefficient D, the gas density n, and the cosmic-ray source density Q, depend on both the space position r and the rigidity R of the cosmic-ray particle. It is possible to apply the weighted slab technique to the transport equation, even including the energy change process, if the diffusion coefficient is separable in r and R, i.e., D(; R) = (v/c)RαD(), and combining it with the first-pole approximation in the path length distribution, we can obtain the analytical solution rather easily. We show that the rigidity dependence of the secondary-to-primary ratio behaves as R-α in the high-energy region and as vRα in the low-energy region. We compare our numerical results with experimental data in both the low- and the high-energy regions and find that our model reproduces all components over the wide energy range 1 GeV nucleon-1 to 100 TeV nucleon-1, with the adoption of appropriate scale heights in D, n, and Q. We also confirm that the reacceleration process actually occurs during the propagation in the Galaxy and that its magnitude is comparable with that expected from reasonable numerical choices for three parameters, D, n, and the velocity of the hydromagnetic turbulence vM.
CPROSA-Holarchy: An Enhanced PROSA Model to Enable Worker-Cobot Agile Manufacturing

—This research combines two important concepts of intelligent manufacturing: agile manufacturing and collaborative robotics. On the one hand, agility in manufacturing is the capability of an industrial enterprise to respond rapidly and effectively to unanticipated changes that occur in the production. The aim of agile manufacturing is to proactively develop solutions to adapt to the customers’ needs. These solutions are a result of collective decision-making that has been formed among the different entities of the agile manufacturing system. On the other hand, collaborative robotics is a new trend in industrial robotics, which involves a collaborative robot (cobot). A cobot is usually an industrial robot designed to operate safely in a shared work environment with human workers. This is in contrast with the conventional industrial robot that operates in isolation from the workers’ workspace. One of the most important advantages of collaborative robotics is the increase of the agility of manufacturing. Therefore, in this research, we focus on developing a proper information control and communication solution to facilitate worker–cobot agile manufacturing. Furthermore, we introduce a case study of two workers in cooperation with one cobot to demonstrate the solution concept. 
Lithological correlations and seismic wave localisation in the Earth's subsurface

By using sonic well logs from diverse geophysical environments to evaluate the statistical character of the Earth's subsurface strata, the authors find the surprising result that the elastic property of the strata displays a well defined exponential correlation with correlation length of the order of 2-15 m. Through numerical simulations based on the sonic well log data they relate this correlation length to the behaviour of seismic wave multiple scattering and localisation. Good agreement with localisation theory predictions is obtained both on the frequency dependence of the localisation length and on the character of the pulse backscattering spectrum. Values of the localisation length obtained are 15-30 km at 20 Hz and 1.5-5 km at 100 Hz.
High Resolution Electron Microscopy of Composite Films of Iron and Magnesium Oxide

Composite films of iron and magnesium oxide are prepared by a simultaneous deposition technique. An important feature of the films is that iron is grown epitaxially and separately with the size of around 1 nm inside (001) and (11̄0) magnesium oxide films of about 25 nm thickness. The structures of the films are studied by high resolution electronmicroscopy. The heat treatment of the composite films brings about the grain growth and the phase transformation of iron crystallites from α-iron to γ-iron.
Optimum working temperature of power devices based on Bi-2223 superconductors

Transformers, motors and magnets based on Bi-2223 tapes have an optimum working temperature where the sum of investment and exploitation costs has a minimum. The investment cost is lower at temperatures below 77 K due to the higher critical current of the superconductor. The exploitation cost is mainly determined by the ac loss, which is dominated by the magnetization loss. The magnetization loss of a Bi-2223 tape at 48 Hz is measured for various temperatures between 65 and 77 K. The temperature dependence of the magnetization loss is fully explained by the change in critical current and agrees with the critical-state model. At high magnetic-field amplitudes the magnetization loss normalized with the critical current is independent of the temperature. Nevertheless, at lower temperatures the exploitation cost is higher due to the higher cooling penalty factor. A relation for the optimum temperature is developed, based on realistic expressions for the cooling penalty factor and the critical current as a function of the temperature. The influence of the other relevant parameters is summarized into a single dimensionless number. It is concluded that the optimum temperature of a power device based on Bi-2223 tapes is in the range 65-75 K.
An “agile” approach to develop a crowdsourcing platform: the case of Cre@tive.biz

Globalization has a significant impact over economic and social development, thus it also influences the speed of developing new products, starting from the product idea to the Minimum Viable Product (MVP). The software industry is one of the industries which have to face tough and specific challenges within this highly dynamic context, playing a major role in defining the world’s data for businesses, with a direct impact on the competitiveness of various industries. According to Lynn Holmlund’s survey [1] of IT decision makers across a range of industries, 59 percent of respondents reported that improving the quality of decision making is the primary goal driving investments in data technologies. In a world underpinned by ever-more powerful, affordable, and public digital technology platforms, software is fast becoming the key source of economic value and competitive advantage in business. As a result, software applications are redefining nearly every industry, and Agile methodologies are redefining the software development process. Understanding the demand for developing software applications on time and responding to the users’ needs and expectations are the first steps in using the Agile framework in product development and are even more important within the context of research projects, such as CRE@TIVE.BIZ, an ongoing project within the framework of the Romanian National Plan for Research, Development and Innovation 2014 – 2020 (PNCDI III). The goal of the project is to develop an open collaboration and innovation platform, CRE@TIVE.BIZ, which will be an experimental model dedicated to create a community where all relevant stakeholders can meet, interact, gain access and share information, knowledge and resources. The paper presents the platform development scenario, using a new and “agile” approach, namely Scrum, for product development based on continuous learning and optimization of development process, team involvement, prioritize the features – especially from the users’ perspective – and stakeholder’s involvement in describing the product, testing and acceptance. This new approach improves the delivery time and maximizes the results by using client’s involvement in each step of the process, describing more clearly the platform functionalities and shortening the decision-making process. The tangible result will be the road map for CRE@TIVE.BIZ platform development, specifying tasks, roles, milestones and outcomes.
A Switchable Diplexer Using Switchable Impedance Matching Circuit Technique

A new type of switchable diplexer is proposed by using switchable impedance matching circuit (SIMC) to connect two quasi-elliptic bandpass filters. The proposed SIMC consists of two different T-network phase shifters to provide the desired impedance matching and a pair of series-parallel configuration p-i-n diode switches to switch the channels on/off. The designed switchable diplexers have four available operation states, so that they realize multiple functional blocks in a single module. The fabricated switchable diplexer features compact size, wide passband, high isolation and independently switchable operation states.
Physics in high magnetic fields

Along with pressure and temperature, the magnetic field is one of the physical parameters that are used for the investigation of matter. It is an important tool for investigating magnetic and electronic properties from both the microscopic and macroscopic points of view. The interaction energy of a substance with a magnetic field, i.e. Zeeman energy or Landau energy, is small even at a field of 2 T as can be provided by a conventional electromagnet. Compared with the inner energies of a substance, magnetic fields as high as possible have been required for obtaining fine and detailed information on the internal structure and energy states. Due to the strong Maxwell stress, however, it is quite difficult to obtain a magnetic field higher than 50 T and much effort has been dedicated to the development of magnets ever since the laboratory electromagnet was invented. The purpose of this paper is to describe the physical effects that have been investigated and the phenomena that have been revealed using high magnetic fields, as well as the development of magnet technology and measurement technology. In addition, application to materials processing is mentioned as an active application of high magnetic fields.
Electronic, Elastic and Piezoelectric Properties of Two-Dimensional Group-IV Buckled Monolayers

Electronic, elastic and piezoelectric properties of two-dimensional (2D) group-IV buckled monolayers (GeSi, SnSi and SnGe) are studied by first principle calculations. According to our calculations, SnSi and SnGe are good 2D piezoelectric materials with large piezoelectric coefficients. The values of d 11 of SnSi and SnGe are 5.04 pm/V and 5.42 pm/V, respectively, which are much larger than 2D MoS2 (3.6 pm/V) and are comparable with some frequently used bulk materials (e.g., wurtzite AlN 5.1 pm/V). Charge transfer is calculated by the Löwdin analysis and we find that the piezoelectric coefficients (d 11 and d31) are highly dependent on the polarizabilities of the anions and cations in group-IV monolayers.
Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics near equilibrium: computing higher-order terms

Using Sinai - Ruelle - Bowen measures to describe nonequilibrium steady states, one can in principle compute the coefficients of expansions around equilibrium. We discuss how this can be done in practice, and how the results correspond to the zero noise limit when there is a stochastic perturbation. The approach used is formal rather than rigorous.
The unitary supermultiplet of N=8 conformal superalgebra involving fields of spin⩽2

The authors construct the unique unitary supermultiplet of N=8 conformal superalgebra SU(2,2/8) in d=4 which involves fields of spins s<or=2. There exists a one-to-one correspondence between the fields of the N=8 conformal supermultiplet and those of the N=8 Poincare supergravity. The N=5 analogue of this supermultiplet is that of N=4 Yang-Mills theory which is conformally invariant. If this N=8 conformal supermultiplet can be used to construct a super-conformally invariant theory then they expect the resulting theory to be different from the standard conformal supergravity theories.
A Novel Current Modulation Method to Eliminate Low-Frequency Harmonics in Single-Stage Dual Active Bridge AC–DC Converter

The dual active bridge (DAB) topology is frequently preferred in industry as a dc–dc converter with various current modulation methods, such as phase shift modulation (PSM), trapezoidal modulation (TZM), triangular modulation (TRM), and hybrid methods. The TZM and TZM–TRM hybrid methods can solve the current circulation problem of PSM, extend the zero voltage switching region to the full operating range, and thereby improve the light load efficiency. However, all these methods have been developed for a dc–dc converter, and cannot be directly applied to a single-stage DAB-based ac–dc converter due to the low input voltage close to the zero crossing points of the grid, otherwise significant distortion is created. This paper analyzes the line current distortion related with the modulation for a single-stage DAB-based ac–dc converter, and a novel hybrid current modulation (HCM) method that solves the distortion problem is proposed. However, since the HCM method increases the rms current as side effect, the improved version of the iHCM method is developed and the distortion-free current without increasing the rms current is obtained. The results obtained from the theoretical analysis are verified by an experimental prototype of 250 W.
Pauli Paramagnetic Susceptibility of an Ideal Anyon Gas within Haldane Fractional Exclusion Statistics

The finite-temperature Pauli paramagnetic susceptibility of a three-dimensional ideal anyon gas obeying Haldane fractional exclusion statistics is studied analytically. Different from the result of an ideal Fermi gas, the susceptibility of an ideal anyon gas depends on a statistical factor g in Haldane statistics model. The low-temperature and high-temperature behaviors of the susceptibility are investigated in detail. The Pauli paramagnetic susceptibility of the two-dimensional ideal anyons is also derived. It is found that the reciprocal of the susceptibility has the similar factorizable property which is exhibited in some thermodynamic quantities in two dimensions.
Tiron Mitigates Thioacetamide-Induced Acute Liver Injury

E-mail address: emansaid@mans.edu. eg Acute liver injury is a crippling disorder accompanied by extensive impairment of liver’s synthetic, metabolic and detoxifying functions. Tiron is a synthetic vitamin E analog, proven to be anti-oxidant. This study was undertaken to investigate the protective activity of tiron against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced acute liver injury. Rats were orally treated with tiron (300 mg/kg) for eight days prior to I.V. TAA either (70 mg/kg) or (280 mg/kg) to induce acute liver injury. Biochemical evaluation of hepatotoxicity indices, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity and inflammatory marker: interleukin-6 (IL-6) was conducted along with histopathological examination. Meanwhile, tiron was found to mitigate the TAA-induced elevation of ALT, AST and ALP. However, serum albumin levels mildly improved. Tiron restored liver GSH contents and maintained liver SOD activity. Moreover, tiron significantly reduced the level of serum IL-6. In context, histopathological examination revealed that tiron slightly reduced the extent of TAA-induced necrosis. Tiron has manifested the observed hepatoprotective effect probably by manipulating inflammatory response of liver to injury via downregulating the expression of inflammatory IL-6 and alleviating oxidative stress.
On the Moutard transformation for integrable partial differential equations

The Moutard transformation is a Darboux-type transformation appropriate to linear scattering problems of hyperbolic or elliptic type in two independent and one dependent variable. The authors derive this transformation, as well as the Darboux transformation for parabolic linear problems, by a factorization method and discuss the use of compositions of such transformations in the construction of solutions to the Novikov-Veselov equations.
Optical properties of metallo-dielectric microspheres in opal structures

We report the fabrication of opal structure using metallo-dielectric silica microspheres. Mono-dispersed silica microspheres were coated with silver using an electrode-less wet-plating technique. Thin slabs of opal were obtained by assembling the silver-coated microspheres between two glass plates using a forced-packing method. The optical properties of the resulting opal structure were studied in the infrared range. Good agreement is obtained with the predictions of a multiple scattering approach, provided that the silver layer is modelled as a silver composite.
Open-switch fault detection and faulty switch identification of PWM inverter in PMSM drives using DOB based voltage information

In this paper, a disturbance observer (DOB) based openswitch fault detection and faulty switch identification schemes in a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system are proposed. The proposed scheme is achieved by monitoring the disturbance voltage information based on the DOB. For this purpose, the DOB is implemented at the synchronous reference frame to estimate the voltage disturbances using the system input and output signals where the system inputs are the reference voltages and the system outputs are the inverter output currents. Then, the estimated disturbance voltages are transformed into the phase variables which have important information on the open-switch fault condition. By observing three-phase disturbance voltage information, the open-switch fault detection as well as faulty switch identification algorithms can be effectively realized even if the inverter has multiple (more than one) open-switch faults. Because the proposed fault detecting scheme does not require additional hardware or complex calculations, the proposed scheme can be easily applied to common electric drive systems. The reliability and feasibility of the proposed fault detection and faulty switch identification schemes have been verified through the simulation results under various open-switch fault conditions.
Theoretical study on the phase stability, site preference, and lattice parameters for Gd(Fe, T)12

The stability of the intermetallics Gd(Fe, T)12 and the site preferences of the ternary 3d or 4d transition element T are investigated by using a series of interatomic pair potentials, ΦFe-Fe(r), ΦFe-Gd(r), ΦFe-T(r), ΦT-T(r), ΦT-Gd(r), and ΦGd-Gd(r), for the first time. The calculated results show that adding either Cr, Mo, Ti, or V atoms makes the crystal cohesive energy of Gd(Fe, T)12 decrease markedly, proving that these atoms can stabilize Gd(Fe, T)12 with ThMn12 structure even though the GdFe12 crystal structure is itself metastable. The calculated lattice parameters are in good agreement with experiment. The amount of cohesive energy decrease is correlated with the species and occupation site of the ternary atoms. The order of site preference of these stabilizing elements T is 8i, 8j, and 8f, with 8i corresponding to the greatest energy decrease. The calculated results further show that the addition of Co, Cu, Ni, Sc, and Zn does not stabilize the GdFe12 phase in the ThMn12 structure. The calculated results reported correspond well to available experimental data indicating that the ab initio interatomic potentials can be used to describe rare-earth materials.
Optimal purchase and selling strategy for wholesaler of produce: sorted or unsorted selling?

Produce (e.g. fruit and vegetable) varies in quality when it is picked from plants. Then a produce wholesaler has two sales strategies: (1) unsorted selling (US), i.e. selling the produce to the market at one price and (2) sorted selling (SS), i.e. pre-sorting the produce into different grades by quality and selling them at different prices. When the SS strategy is adopted, the demands of the different grades are uncertain and substitutable. In this paper, we study the joint optimal purchase and sales strategy for selling mixed quality produce to customers with heterogeneous quality preferences. We first derive the optimal purchase policies under the two strategies and then identify the conditions under which the SS or US strategy is optimal. We show that the optimal sales strategy is determined by the marginal purchase and sorting cost and the fixed investment cost, the overall quality level of the produce, and the substitution rate for the high-quality and low-quality produce. This finding differs from the conventional wisdom that the SS strategy is optimal in the produce retail business. Finally, we conduct numerical studies based on real-world data to generate managerial insights from the analytical findings.
A fast apparent horizon finder for three-dimensional Cartesian grids in numerical relativity

In 3 + 1 numerical simulations of dynamic black-hole spacetimes, it is useful to be able to find the apparent horizon(s) (AH) in each slice of a time evolution. A number of AH finders are available, but they often take many minutes to run, so they are too slow to be practically usable at each time step. Here I present a new AH finder, AHFINDERDIRECT, which is very fast and accurate: at typical resolutions it takes only a few seconds to find an AH to ∼10−5m accuracy on a GHz-class processor. I assume that an AH to be searched for is a Strahlkörper (‘star-shaped region’) with respect to some local origin, and so parametrize the AH shape by r = h(angle) for some single-valued function h:S2 → ℜ+. The AH equation then becomes a nonlinear elliptic PDE in h on S2, whose coefficients are algebraic functions of gij, Kij, and the Cartesian-coordinate spatial derivatives of gij. I discretize S2 using six angular patches (one each in the neighbourhood of the ±x, ± y, and ±z axes) to avoid coordinate singularities, and finite difference the AH equation in the angular coordinates using fourth-order finite differencing. I solve the resulting system of nonlinear algebraic equations (for h at the angular grid points) by Newton's method, using a ‘symbolic differentiation’ technique to compute the Jacobian matrix. AHFINDERDIRECT is implemented as a thorn in the CACTUS computational toolkit, and is freely available by anonymous CVS checkout.
Phyllosphere bacterial communities associated with the degradation of acetamiprid in Phaseolus vulgaris

1 Institute of Quality and Standard for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ZAAS), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China. 2 Shanxi Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, China. 3 The Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, and Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China.