Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with home delivery preference among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Background Home delivery is associated with a high risk of maternal and neonatal mortality. The prevalence and factors associated with home delivery have been studied retrospectively among women in Ethiopia. However, no national studies have assessed pregnant women’s preferences for home delivery. Objective To assess factors associated with preferences for home delivery among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Methods We analysed a sample of 678 pregnant women derived from the 2019 performance monitoring for action cross-sectional survey. The association between pregnant women’s preferences for home delivery and several individual, household, healthcare, and community factors were explored through log-Poisson regression with robust variance. Results The weighted prevalence of pregnant women’s preferences for home delivery in Ethiopia was 33%. Pregnant women between the ages of 15–19 years (PR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.43–4.00) had a higher preference for home delivery compared to those above 34 years. Those who had no Antenatal care (ANC) visit in the current pregnancy (PR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.11–2.11), multipara women (PR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.19–2.92) those who did not discuss place of delivery with their partners (PR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.18–2.10), did not participate in a community-based program called ‘1 to 5’ network meetings (PR = 4.5; 95% CI: 1.09–18.95), and those who perceived low community support for facility delivery (PR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.53–3.20) had a higher prevalence of home delivery preference compared to their references. Conclusions A significant proportion of pregnant women preferred home deliveries in Ethiopia. Household and community supporting factors such as not discussing place of delivery with a partner, not participating in women developmental army meetings, and perceived low community support were associated with preference for home delivery. Interventions should address these factors to increase facility deliveries in Ethiopia.
Procedure-Related Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infection in Dermatologic Surgery

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. BACKGROUND Identifying risk factors is essential for preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) in dermatologic surgery. OBJECTIVE To analyze whether specific procedure-related factors are associated with SSI. METHODS This systematic review of the literature included MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and trial registers. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used for risk bias assessment. If suitable, the authors calculated risk factors and performed meta-analysis using random effects models. Otherwise, data were summarized narratively. RESULTS Fifteen observational studies assessing 25,928 surgical procedures were included. Seven showed good, 2 fair, and 6 poor study quality. Local flaps (risk ratio [RR] 3.26, 95% confidence intervall [CI] 1.92–5.53) and skin grafting (RR 2.95, 95% CI 1.37–6.34) were associated with higher SSI rates. Simple wound closure had a significantly lower infection risk (RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.25–0.46). Second intention healing showed no association with SSI (RR 1.82, 95% CI 0.40–8.35). Delayed wound closure may not affect the SSI rate. The risk for infection may increase with the degree of preoperative contamination. There is limited evidence whether excisions >20 mm or surgical drains are linked to SSI. CONCLUSION Local flaps, skin grafting, and severely contaminated surgical sites have a higher risk for SSI. Second intention healing and probably delayed wound closure are not associated with postoperative wound infection.
Learning to Lead: 3 Models to Support Public Health Leadership Development

Context: The current public health system is underresourced and understaffed, which has been exacerbated by the coronavirus pandemic. In addition, there has been a decline in the public health workforce at both state and local levels during the last decade. While workforce numbers dwindle, public health systems have to address increasingly complex challenges—such as climate change, chronic diseases, and health equity—challenges that require skilled, adaptive leaders. This article describes the importance of leadership development and how 3 public health training centers (PHTCs) are building leadership skills in the public health workforce. Program: To address the need for public health leadership training, the PHTCs in the Health & Human Services (HHS) Regions 4, 7, and 10 all offer public health leadership institutes (PHLIs). Implementation: The 3 PHLIs discussed in this article vary in longevity (3-18 years), cohort length (8-12 months), and format (virtual, in-person, and hybrid); yet, all 3 emphasize adaptive leadership through a health equity lens and intentional opportunities to apply skills in practice. Evaluation: Each PHLI conducts extensive evaluation based on Kirkpatrick's levels of evaluation and collects common metrics collected by all PHTCs. Data from the PHLIs illustrate high levels of satisfaction with learning, presentation of data, identification of workplace actions, and improvement of subject matter understanding. Each PHLI also has numerous stories of impact. Discussion: With public health leaders leaving the workforce and the complexities of practice increasing, leadership training is critical to the current workforce and succession planning. These PHTCs provide a significant, enduring resource toward the development of our nation's public health leaders, as well as meeting the unique needs of their regions' workforces.
Perceptual scale expansion: A natural design for improving the precision of motor control

Space perception is systematically biased. Few theories of spatial bias address the possible functional advantages of mechanisms that produce spatial biases. The scale expansion hypothesis proposes that many spatial biases are due to the perceptual expansion of visual angles, which acts somewhat like a natural magnifying glass in vision. The present study examined the idea that visual expansion may improve motor precision (i.e., reduce motor variability) in movements when using closed-loop control but not when using open-loop control. Experiment 1 tested this idea in an online tracking task (closed-loop control), whereas Experiment 2 tested it in a fast-hitting task (open-loop control). The results were consistent with the hypothesis. To rule out the effect of the task difference (i.e., tracking vs fast hitting), Experiment 3 examined the effect of visual expansion on the variability of motor performance in a line-reproduction task. The control type (closed-loop or open-loop) was manipulated by the form of visual feedback (online or offline). The results were again consistent with the present assumption. Taken together, the present data suggest that perceptual expansion in vision improves motor-control precision when using closed-loop control (but not when using open-loop control), which supports the scale expansion hypothesis. In addition, the present findings also improve our understanding of how visual error amplification affects motor control.
Multimodule characterization of immune subgroups in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma reveals distinct therapeutic vulnerabilities

Background Immune microenvironment is well recognized as a critical regulator across cancer types, despite its complex roles in different disease conditions. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is characterized by a tumor-reactive milieu, emphasizing a deep insight into its immunogenomic profile to provide prognostic and therapeutic implications. Methods We performed genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic characterization of 255 paired iCCA and adjacent liver tissues. We validated our findings through H&E staining (n=177), multiplex immunostaining (n=188), single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) (n=10), in vitro functional studies, and in vivo transposon-based mouse models. Results Integrated multimodule data identified three immune subgroups with distinct clinical, genetic, and molecular features, designated as IG1 (immune-suppressive, 25.1%), IG2 (immune-exclusion, 42.7%), and IG3 (immune-activated, 32.2%). IG1 was characterized by excessive infiltration of neutrophils and immature dendritic cells (DCs). The hallmark of IG2 was the relatively higher tumor-proliferative activity and tumor purity. IG3 exhibited an enrichment of adaptive immune cells, natural killer cells, and activated DCs. These immune subgroups were significantly associated with prognosis and validated in two independent cohorts. Tumors with KRAS mutations were enriched in IG1 and associated with myeloid inflammation-dominated immunosuppression. Although tumor mutation burden was relatively higher in IG2, loss of heterozygosity in human leucocyte antigen and defects in antigen presentation undermined the recognition of neoantigens, contributing to immune-exclusion behavior. Pathological analysis confirmed that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tertiary lymphoid structures were both predominant in IG3. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related samples tended to be under-represented in IG1, and scRNA-seq analyses implied that HBV infection indeed alleviated myeloid inflammation and reinvigorated antitumor immunity. Conclusions Our study elucidates that the immunogenomic traits of iCCA are intrinsically heterogeneous among patients, posing great challenge and opportunity for the application of personalized immunotherapy.
Probing Charm Quark Dynamics via Multiparticle Correlations in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV.

Multiparticle azimuthal correlations of prompt D^{0} mesons are measured in Pb-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. For the first time, a four-particle cumulant method is used to extract the second Fourier coefficient of the azimuthal distribution (v_{2}) of D^{0} mesons as a function of event centrality and the D^{0} transverse momentum. The ratios of the four-particle v_{2} values to previously measured two-particle cumulant results provide direct experimental access to event-by-event fluctuations of charm quark azimuthal anisotropies. These ratios are also found to be comparable to those of inclusive charged particles in the event. However, hints of deviations are seen in the most central and peripheral collisions. To investigate the origin of flow fluctuations in the charm sector, these measurements are compared to a model implementing fluctuations of charm quark energy loss via collisional or radiative processes in the quark-gluon plasma. These models cannot quantitatively describe the data over the full transverse momentum and centrality ranges, although the calculations with collisional energy loss provide a better description of the data.
Three-Dimensional Visualization of Viral Structure, Entry, and Replication Underlying the Spread of SARS-CoV-2

The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 has proceeded at an unprecedented rate. Remarkably, characterization of the virus using modern tools in structural biology has also progressed at exceptional speed. Advances in electron-based imaging techniques, combined with decades of foundational studies on related viruses, have enabled the research community to rapidly investigate structural aspects of the novel coronavirus from the level of individual viral proteins to imaging the whole virus in a native context. Here, we provide a detailed review of the structural biology and pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 as it relates to all facets of the viral life cycle, including cell entry, replication, and three-dimensional (3D) packaging based on insights obtained from X-ray crystallography, cryo-electron tomography, and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. The structural comparison between SARS-CoV-2 and the related earlier viruses SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV is a common thread throughout this review. We conclude by highlighting some of the outstanding unanswered structural questions and underscore areas that are under rapid current development such as the design of effective therapeutics that block viral infection.
The evolution of the testis transcriptome in pregnant male pipefishes and seahorses

In many animals, sperm competition and sexual conflict are thought to drive the rapid evolution of male‐specific genes, especially those expressed in the testes. A potential exception occurs in the male pregnant pipefishes, where females transfer eggs to the males, eliminating testes from participating in these processes. Here, we show that testis‐related genes differ dramatically in their rates of molecular evolution and expression patterns in pipefishes and seahorses (Syngnathidae) compared to other fish. Genes involved in testis or sperm function within syngnathids experience weaker selection in comparison to their orthologs in spawning and livebearing fishes. An assessment of gene turnover and expression in the testis transcriptome suggests that syngnathids have lost (or significantly reduced expression of) important classes of genes from their testis transcriptomes compared to other fish. Our results indicate that more than 50 million years of male pregnancy have removed syngnathid testes from the molecular arms race that drives the rapid evolution of male reproductive genes in other taxa.
Label‐free laser spectroscopy for respiratory virus detection: A review

Infectious diseases are among the most severe threats to modern society. Current methods of virus infection detection based on genome tests need reagents and specialized laboratories. The desired characteristics of new virus detection methods are noninvasiveness, simplicity of implementation, real‐time, low cost and label‐free detection. There are two groups of methods for molecular biomarkers' detection and analysis: (i) a sample physical separation into individual molecular components and their identification, and (ii) sample content analysis by laser spectroscopy. Variations in the spectral data are typically minor. It requires the use of sophisticated analytical methods like machine learning. This review examines the current technological level of laser spectroscopy and machine learning methods in applications for virus infection detection.
Contributions à l'étude de la classification spectrale et applications. (Contributions to the study of spectral clustering and applications)

La classification spectrale consiste a creer, a partir des elements spectraux d'une matrice d'affinite gaussienne, un espace de dimension reduite dans lequel les donnees sont regroupees en classes. Cette methode non supervisee est principalement basee sur la mesure d'affinite gaussienne, son parametre et ses elements spectraux. Cependant, les questions sur la separabilite des classes dans l'espace de projection spectral et sur le choix du parametre restent ouvertes. Dans un premier temps, le role du parametre de l'affinite gaussienne sera etudie a travers des mesures de qualites et deux heuristiques pour le choix de ce parametre seront proposees puis testees. Ensuite, le fonctionnement meme de la methode est etudie a travers les elements spectraux de la matrice d'affinite gaussienne. En interpretant cette matrice comme la discretisation du noyau de la chaleur definie sur l'espace entier et en utilisant les elements finis, les vecteurs propres de la matrice affinite sont la representation asymptotique de fonctions dont le support est inclus dans une seule composante connexe. Ces resultats permettent de definir des proprietes de classification et des conditions sur le parametre gaussien. A partir de ces elements theoriques, deux strategies de parallelisation par decomposition en sous-domaines sont formulees et testees sur des exemples geometriques et de traitement d'images. Enfin dans le cadre non supervise, le classification spectrale est appliquee, d'une part, dans le domaine de la genomique pour determiner differents profils d'expression de genes d'une legumineuse et, d'autre part dans le domaine de l'imagerie fonctionnelle TEP, pour segmenter des regions du cerveau presentant les memes courbes d'activites temporelles.
Complex Cepstrum in Speech Synthesi

In the contribution the use of the complex cepstrum in speech modeling and synthesis is shortly described. This approach leads to a mixed phase speech model in contrary to the conventionally used LPC, or Padé based real cepstrum minimum-phase speech modeling. The obtained mixed phase parametric speech model is of the finite impulse response type and contains also information about the phase properties of the modeled speech frame. The synthesized speech is more natural but the memory requirements and numerical complexity are much higher.
Point-cloud occlusion recovery using feedforward neural networks

3D scenes reconstructed from point clouds, acquired by either laser scanning or photogrammetry, are subject to data voids generated by foreground occluding objects. Modeling with missing data is usually a manual process where human interpretation plays an essential role. This paper presents an artificial neural network (ANN) learning algorithm capable of recovering point cloud occlusions for objects that can be approximated with injective 3D functions. Starting from the point clouds around the occluded parts, a set of single-layer feedforward networks with variable number of neurons (in a predefined range) is trained and validated with a subset of the original cloud decimated using local curvature. The averaged result of the best neural networks is evaluated on a spatial domain which contains the 2D projection of the void, obtaining a 3D point cloud for the occluded volume. Criteria for choosing the number of neurons and the activation function for both hidden and output layers are illustrated and discussed. Results are presented for both simulated (i.e. removing points to create a void) and real occlusions.
THE TRANSLATION OF POLITICAL TALK INTO ACTION

Discussing politics in everyday life is quite common but it is not clear how talking politics should prompt the desire to become politically active. We compared two ideas: Information gain, i.e., political talk translates into action when people receive information about activities and organizations; and social influence, i.e., political talk translates into action when people perceive their friends as politically active. Our main goal was to address the role played by two personality traits – Openness to Experience and Agreeableness – within these processes. Adopting a longitudinal design ( N = 895, sample of youths surveyed twice), we found that political talk promotes political participation over time when people perceive their discussion partners as politically active and that this effect is especially pronounced for agreeable people. Findings from this study provided support to the idea that political talk translates into political action under the condition of social influence and for people who are particularly susceptible to social conformity.
The attitudes of a group of operating room nurses and nurse anaesthetists towards perioperative conversation

Perioperative nursing roles continue to change rapidly as we enter the 21st century. The need for good leadership skills, expert clinical skills, creative management and ongoing education and research, continues to grow in many surgical departments. Perioperative nursing roles are evolving in response to healthcare reforms, technological developments, patient demands and changing opportunities for advanced nursing practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes of a group of operating room nurses and nurse anaesthetists towards perioperative conversation. A questionnaire, which included a specific attitude scale, was constructed and used in the collection of data. The informants were 86 operating room nurses and nurse anaesthetists. The results showed that the nurses had a positive attitude towards perioperative conversation. There were significant differences in attitudes related to age, gender, educational level, category of profession and working hours. Reliability, measured using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the attitude scale, was 0.96. The validity of the scale was high.
Remotely Measuring Chlorophyll Content in Corn Leaves with Remotely Measuring Chlorophyll Content in Corn Leaves with Differing Nitrogen Levels and Relative Water Content Differing Nitrogen Levels and Relative Water Content

A plant’s photosynthetic potential is directly proportional to the quantity of chlorophyll present in the leaf Measuring a crop’s physiological parameters provides information tissue. Rapid estimates of photosynthetic potential can for interpreting its response to the environment. Remote sensing is quickly becoming recognized as a valuable tool that has the potential be important for studies of gas exchange and the C to assess a wide variety of physiological properties over a large area cycle. showed that normalized difference in a short amount of time. This study examined the relationship of vegetation index corn ( Zea mays L.) leaf spectral response to its chlorophyll content and relative water content. The effects of N stress and water stress photosynthesis stomatal were examined on each of these physiological parameters. Over the years, several spectral indices have been introduced for a wide variety of applications. A number of these indices were evaluated for their ability to predict the parameters in question. The normalized differ-prairie a nearly ence between the first derivatives at 525 and 570 nm, as well as the wavelength location of the red edge, showed a strong association with chlorophyll content ( r 2 (cid:2) 0.81 and 0.80, respectively). Even stronger relationships to chlorophyll content were observed with the ratios of photosynthetically for 600/680 nm ( r 2 (cid:2) 0.83) and 630/680 nm ( r 2 (cid:2) 0.83). Thus, our results unstressed canopies. suggest that spectral reflectance measurements hold promise for the study to determine how assessment of some physiological parameters at the leaf level. Further corn leaf spectral reflectance is related to leaf tissue investigationisneededtoevaluatetheeffectivenessofsuchtechniques at the canopy level.
Escaping Radio Emission from Pulsars: Possible Role of Velocity Shear

It is demonstrated that the velocity shear, intrinsic to the e+e- plasma present in the pulsar magnetosphere, can efficiently convert the nonescaping longitudinal Langmuir waves (produced by some kind of a beam or stream instability) into propagating (escaping) electromagnetic waves. It is suggested that this shear-induced transformation may be the basic mechanism needed for the eventual generation of the observed pulsar radio emission.
The Universality of the Spaces of Ultradistributions

$\delta:T\rightarrow \mathscr{G}(T)$ where $\mathscr{B}(T)$ is the space of Sato-hyperfunctions on $T$. In the case of Schwartz-distributions, Waelbroeck used a notion of b-spaces, and for Sato-hyperfunctions we used a notion of ib-spaces (intersections of b-spaces). In this paper we prove the universality for the spaces of ultradistributions of various kinds on the unit circle $T$. We represent these spaces as linear subspaces of $C^{Z}$ (called here sequence spaces) using Fourier coefficients. For a sequence space $E\subset C^{Z}$ , Kothe [4] defined the dual (called $\alpha$-dual by him) by