Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing intertidal marine non-indigenous species in Canadian ports

ii TABLE OF CONTENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . vi LIST OF FIGURES . vii LIST OF ABBREBIATIONS AND SYMBOLS . ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . xi DEDICATION . xii 1 INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Biological Invasions . 1 1.2 Biological Invasion Impacts . 3 1.3 Biological Invasions in Aquatic Ecosystems . 6 1.4 Anthropogenic Vectors in Aquatic Invasions . 12 1.5 Commercial History of Canadian Ports.15 1.6 Thesis Objectives . 18 2 EXAMINING INTERTIDAL NIS PATTERNS AMONG PACIFIC AND ATLANTIC CANADIAN PORT COMMUNITIES . 21 2.1 Introduction . 21 2.2 Methods and Materials . 25 2.3 Results . 33 2.4 Discussion . 44 2.5 Conclusions . 54 3 EXAMINING ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH INTERTIDAL NIS PATTERNS IN PACIFIC AND ATLANTIC CANADIAN PORT COMMUNITIES . 57 3.1 Introduction . 57 3.2 Materials and Methods . 61 v 3.3 Results . 69 3.4 Discussion . 76 3.5 Conclusions . 85 4 GENERAL DISCUSSION . 87 4.1 Species Distribution . 87 4.2 Propagule Pressure from Commercial Shipping . 90 5 CONCLUSION . 93 REFERENCES . 95 APPENDICES. 113 Appendix A: The Invasion Index () . 113 Appendix B: List of Non-indigenous Species . 117
Identidade antropométrica de futebolistas da categoria de base (Sub-17) de Chapecó-SC

O objetivo analisar o perfil antropometrico dos futebolistas da categoria de base sub-17 da Associacao Chapecoense de Futebol, no ano de 2014. A amostra envolveu 23 atletas profissionais de futebol de campo sub-17 do sexo masculino com idade media de 16,52 ± 0,51 anos, da ACF no ano de 2014, sendo que toda a populacao fez parte do estudo. As variaveis antropometricas analisadas foram a massa corporal, estatura, dobras cutâneas e diâmetros osseos. O percentual de gordura foi estimado atraves da equacao de Slaughter e colaboradores (1988). Os resultados apontam que os valores medios da composicao corporal foram: Indice de Massa Corporal de 22,43 ± 171 Kg/m²; percentual de gordura de 11,26 ± 4,44 %; massa gorda de 8,11 ± 3,81 Kg; massa muscular de 32,33 ± 3,90 Kg; massa residual de 16,85 ± 1,84 Kg; e massa ossea de 12,61 ± 1,14. Na comparacao entre as posicoes em campo evidencia-se que os jogadores da posicao de goleiro tem o maior IMC, massa muscular e massa residual. Os zagueiros apresentam os maiores percentuais de gordura, massa gorda e massa ossea. Ja os jogadores da posicao de meio campo demostram os menores valores de IMC, percentual de gordura, massa gorda, massa muscular e massa residual. O lateral apresentou o menor valor de massa ossea da amostra. Conclui-se que cada jogador em campo apresenta diferencas nas caracteristicas da composicao corporal, resultante de suas atividades especificas. ABSTRACT Anthropometric identity of footbalers in the youth team U-17 of Chapeco-SCThis study aimed to analyze the anthropometric profile of youth yeam footballers U-17 at Associacao Chapecoense de Futebol, in 2014.The sample involved 23 male professional athletes of Football U-17 with a mean age of 16.52 ± 0.51 years, from ACF in 2014, all the population was part of the study. The anthropometric variables analyzed were body weight, height, skinfolds and bone diameters. The percentage of fat was estimated using the equation of Slaughter et al. (1988). The results show that the mean values of body composition were: Body Mass Index (BMI) of 22.43 ± 171 kg / m²; fat percentage of 11.26 ± 4.44%; fat mass of 8.11 ± 3.81 kg; muscle mass 32.33 ± 3.90 kg; residual mass of 16.85 ± 1.84 kg; bone mass and 12.61 ± 1.14. Comparing the positions on the field evidence was found that the players of goalkeeper position have the highest BMI, muscle mass and residual mass. Defenders have the highest percentages of fat, fat mass and bone mass. On the other hand the midfielders demonstrate the lowest BMI, fat percentage, fat mass, muscle mass and residual mass. The side had the lowest amount of bone mass of the sample. It is concluded that each player has different characteristics of body composition resulting from their specific activities.
A Shallow‐Deep Unified Stochastic Mass Flux Cumulus Parameterization in the Single Column Community Climate Model

Cumulus parameterization (CP) in state‐of‐the‐art global climate models is based on the quasi‐equilibrium assumption (QEA), which views convection as the action of an ensemble of cumulus clouds, in a state of equilibrium with respect to a slowly varying atmospheric state. This view is not compatible with the organization and dynamical interactions across multiple scales of cloud systems in the tropics and progress in this research area was slow over decades despite the widely recognized major shortcomings. Novel ideas on how to represent key physical processes of moist convection‐large‐scale interaction to overcome the QEA have surged recently. The stochastic multicloud model (SMCM) CP in particular mimics the dynamical interactions of multiple cloud types that characterize organized tropical convection. Here, the SMCM is used to modify the Zhang‐McFarlane (ZM) CP by changing the way in which the bulk mass flux and bulk entrainment and detrainment rates are calculated. This is done by introducing a stochastic ensemble of plumes characterized by randomly varying detrainment level distributions based on the cloud area fraction of the SMCM. The SMCM is here extended to include shallow cumulus clouds resulting in a unified shallow‐deep CP. The new stochastic multicloud plume CP is validated against the control ZM scheme in the context of the single column Community Climate Model of the National Center for Atmospheric Research using data from both tropical ocean and midlatitude land convection. Some key features of the SMCM CP such as it capability to represent the tri‐modal nature of organized convection are emphasized.
Local Structural Modifications in Metallic Micropillars Induced by Plasma Focused Ion Beam Processing

A focused ion beam scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) is a powerful tool that is routinely used for scale imaging from the micro- to nanometer scales, micromachining, prototyping, and metrology. In spite of the significant capabilities of a FIB-SEM, there are inherent artefacts (e.g., structural defects, chemical interactions and phase changes, ion implantation, and material redeposition) that are produced due to the interaction of Ga+ or other types of ions (e.g., Xe+, Ar+, O+, etc.) with the sample. In this study, we analyzed lattice distortion and ion implantation and subsequent material redeposition in metallic micropillars which were prepared using plasma focus ion beam (PFIB) milling. We utilized non-destructive synchrotron techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray nanodiffraction to examine the micropillars prepared using Xe+ ion energies of 10 keV and 30 keV. Our results demonstrate that higher Xe ion energy leads to higher density of implanted ions within the redeposited and milled material. The mixing of ions in the redeposited material significantly influences the lattice structure, causing deformation in regions with higher ion concentrations. Through an X-ray nanodiffraction analysis, we obtained numerical measurements of the strain fields induced in the regions, which revealed up to 0.2% lattice distortion in the ion bombardment direction.
Population Distribution Modelling for Calibration of Multi-Agent Traffic Simulation

Estimating the population distribution is an important issue in multi-agent traffic simulation, and also in many other fields related to geography. This paper presents a methodology to find an exact location for each agent using aggregated population data, the location of residential buildings, and the buildings volume for estimating the distribution itself. The presented approach is validated for a case study using high-resolution census population data. The comparison between the estimated population distribution and the real distribution allows the assessment of the quality of the approach. The contribution of each information layer is estimated. The resulting population distribution matches quite well the real distribution, but shows also important zones with over- or under-estimation of population.
Effects of Dam and Sire Breeds on Lamb Carcass Quality and Composition in Pasture-Based Systems

Simple Summary This research examined the use Texel or Southdown sires on Southdown or Suffolk dams to improve carcass quality and muscle composition in lambs produced on pasture-based systems. Texel-sired lambs had heavier carcasses, larger ribeye areas and individual muscle weights from the loin and leg. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to rapidly rank carcasses for leanness by dam and sire breeds. Texel-sired lambs had lower, more desirable, rank for carcass leanness and less total carcass fat. Individual muscles of the loin and leg from the various breed combinations were evaluated for fatty acid composition and tenderness. Dam and sire breed influenced fatty acid composition of the muscles. The semitendinosus muscle had the highest total fatty acid content and lowest ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids. Overall, muscles from these lambs finished on pasture with limited grain supplementation were very lean, with high concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids and a ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acid of below 4:1, which is considered beneficial for human health and reduction of coronary heart disease. The use of Texel sires in pasture-based systems improved carcass leanness and muscle PUFA concentrations without altering tenderness. Abstract This study explored the impacts of sire and dam breed on carcass quality and composition in a pasture-based system and the use of DXA to rapidly rank carcasses for leanness. Southdown (SD) and Suffolk (SF) ewes were mated to Texel (TX) or SD rams to produce seventy-nine lambs. Lambs were raised on pasture-based systems with limited grain supplementation. Lamb birth weight was greater (p < 0.01) for TX, regardless of dam breed. Lambing rate was lower (p < 0.01) for SD than SF ewes. Circulating myostatin concentrations were greater (p < 0.05) on d 42 than d 75 or d 110 but did not differ by sire breed. Texel-sired lambs had greater (p < 0.01) carcass weight, ribeye area and quality grade compared to SD-sired. Total and primal fat mass as predicted from DXA was higher (p < 0.05) in carcasses from SD than TX sires. Muscles from TX lambs had greater (p < 0.05) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition than SD-sired. Shear force values were influenced (p < 0.01) by dam breed, muscle cut and postmortem age but not by sire breed. The use of TX sires in pasture-based systems improved carcass leanness and muscle PUFA concentrations without altering tenderness.
ANALYSIS OF GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND FEED EFFICIENCY OF GIANT GOURAMY (Osphronemus gouramy) THROUGH THE ADDITION OF CHITOSAN AND PROBIOTICS

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum level of addition of chitosan and probiotics in feed to increase the growth rate and daily feed consumption of giant gouramy (Osphronemus gouramy). The method used in this research is an experimental method of completely randomized design (CRD), which consists of five treatments and three replications. The treatments used were (A) without giving chitosan and probiotics (control), (B) giving chitosan at 7.5 g/kg feed and probiotics at 10 ml/kg feed, (C) giving chitosan at 7.5 g /kg feed and probiotics at 15 ml/kg feed, (D) chitosan at 7.5 g/kg feed and probiotics at 20 ml/kg feed, (E) chitosan at 7.5 g/kg feed and probiotics of 25 ml/kg feed. The parameters measured were absolute length absolute weight, specific growth rate, feed utilization efficiency ratio (EPP), survival rate, and water quality. Data were analyzed using the Anova test at the 5% level. The results showed that the addition of different concentrations of chitosan and probiotics to commercial feeds could affect growth, and EPP but did not affect the survival rate of giant gouramy. The results obtained during the study showed that treatment C with the addition of chitosan of 7.5 g/kg of feed and probiotics of 15 ml/kg of feed resulted in the highest absolute length growth of 4.87 cm, the highest absolute weight growth of 19,35 g, the highest daily growth rate was 46,08%, the feed efficiency was 91,5% and survival rate was 97,78%. Whereas in terms of the effectiveness of treatment B with the addition of chitosan 7.5 g/kg of feed and less probiotics, namely as much as 10 ml/kg of feed, the treatment was as good as treatment C.
A Comparative Approach for Analysis of Image Restoration using Image Deblurring Techniques

Image restoration is a very important factor in high level image processing which deals with recovering of an original, cleared sharp image using a various algorithms and techniques. Certain time during image capturing process degradation i.e image degradation occurs. Image restoration is used to get the original sharp image from the corrupted data. This research paper is aim to provide a comparative overview of most useful fast restoration of degraded image . Different types of image deblurring techniques are Wiener Filter, Neural Network Approach, Iterative Richardson-Lucy Algorithm, Laplacian Sharpening Filter described. The strength and weakness of each approach are identified and applications are also described so that the best fast image deblurring technique is comparatively sorted out.
Absence of earthquake correlation with Earth tides: An indication of high preseismic fault stress rate

Because the rate of stress change from the Earth tides exceeds that from tectonic stress accumulation, tidal triggering of earthquakes would be expected if the final hours of loading of the fault were at the tectonic rate and if rupture began soon after the achievement of a critical stress level. We analyze the tidal stresses and stress rates on the fault planes and at the times of 13,042 earthquakes which are so close to the San Andreas and Calaveras faults in California that we may take the fault plane to be known. We find that the stresses and stress rates from Earth tides at the times of earthquakes are distributed in the same way as tidal stresses and stress rates at random times. While the rate of earthquakes when the tidal stress promotes failure is 2% higher than when the stress does not, this difference in rate is not statistically significant. This lack of tidal triggering implies that preseismic stress rates in the nucleation zones of earthquakes are at least 0.15 bar/h just preceding seismic failure, much above the long-term tectonic stress rate of 10−4 bar/h.
Biodiversity conservation priorities, the law and responses to global change

Designing legal and policy strategies for the preservation of biological diversity, particularly in Europe with its parallel diversity of lobbying bases, requires an appreciation of perceptions that are often separated by an epistemological gulf. These lobbying bases, often empowered by large memberships and bolstered by substantial funds, relentlessly press forward their particular single-issue perspective. The pragmatist legislator cannot avoid taking their views into account and consequently must seek to understand a number of radically different approaches to establishing conservation priorities. At one extreme of the spectrum of ethical perspectives the deep ecological approach2 attempts to eliminate the anthropocentric perspective altogether. This approach emphasises the intrinsic value of nature and equality amongst species. The philosophy has many facets ranging from a pragmatic but necessarily relational approach to the environment moving far from the predominant anthropocentric paradigm to a variety of religio-mystical versions including variants of the multi-naturalist3 approach reminiscent of indigenous cosmological attitudes. In part philosophically linked to the deep ecological perspective, the animal rights4/liberation5 philosophies allocate absolute priority to the sentiency of individual animals, sometimes qualified by their individual level of phlyogenetic sophistication, rather than the preservation of genetic diversity. Consequently those with a central animal ethics base are potentially opposed to the goals of conservationists unless those conservationists already adhere to a deep ecological perspective which virtually eliminates the human use of animals or interference with species living in a free and wild state. The conflict between the less radical perspective of animal welfare and Biodiversity conservation priorities, the law and responses to global change
The investigation of apple tree valsa canker in Guanzhong region of Shaanxi Province

The authors investigated the occurence of apple tree valsa canker at YangLing,Zhouzhi,LiQuan,ChunHua,HuangLing,and some other places from September of 2003 to June of 2004.The result shows that there is a close relation between the age of the apple tree and the disease index.With the apple tree age increases,the diseased tree rate has a raising trend.And there is different occurrence of the disease in different areas.The ways of management affect the occurrence of the disease obviously except for the climate condition of the fields.
Restoration of interplate locking after the 2005 Off‐Miyagi Prefecture earthquake, detected by GPS/acoustic seafloor geodetic observation

A 7.2‐magnitude earthquake occurred on the plate boundary off Miyagi Prefecture, northeastern Japan, on 16 August 2005. From seafloor geodetic observations using the GPS/acoustic combination technique in this area, we have detected notable seafloor movements associated with, and subsequent to this event. The time series of horizontal coordinates obtained at the seafloor reference point MYGW, located about 10 km east of the epicenter, indicates that the strain accumulated for the interseismic period was partly released by the event and a constant strain accumulation restarted after 1–2 years of the post‐seismic period with an erratic movement. The horizontal velocity of MYGW after the restart above is estimated to be about 5.7 cm/year toward WNW relative to the Eurasian plate. Our result is consistent with those derived from terrestrial GPS measurements and implies that the interplate locking was restored in the rupture area of the 2005 event around 2007.
The effects of monensin and monensin-containing supplements on performance of steers grazing winter wheat pasture

A 2-yr study was conducted during the 2004-2005 (YR1) and 20052006 (YR2) winter wheat grazing seasons to determine the effects of different supplementation strategies and delivery methods on supplement intake and growth performance of steers grazing winter wheat pasture (YR1: n = 253, initial BW 255 ± 25 kg; YR2: n = 116, initial BW 287 ± 14 kg). Five treatments were 1) negative control (NC), no supplemental nutrients; 2) free-choice, non-medicated mineral (MIN); 3) freechoice, medicated mineral with 1,785 mg monensin/kg mineral mixture (RMIN); 4) RMIN and soybean hulls (SH/RMIN); 5) a soybean hull-based energy supplement containing 165 mg monensin/kg (GRNGOLD). Energy supplements were hand-fed on alternate days (average daily intake = 0.91 kg/steer). Inclusion of monensin in the freechoice mineral mixture decreased intake of the mineral mixture by 63% in YR1 and 55% in YR2 when no other supplement was offered. Consumption of RMIN provided between 129 and 161 mg monensin/steer on average, while GRNGOLD provided 150 mg
Causes for Large-Scale Hydrographic Changes at the Hawaii Ocean Time Series Station

Results from Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO)–Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) global ocean state estimate, available over the 11-yr period 1992 through 2002, are compared with independent observations available at the Hawaii Ocean time series station ALOHA. The comparison shows that at this position, the estimated temporal variability has some skill in simulating observed ocean variability and that the quality of future syntheses could benefit from additional information available from the Argo network and from the time series observations themselves. On a decadal time scale, the influence radius of the station ALOHA T–S time series covers large parts of the tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean and reaches even into the Indian Ocean through the Indonesian Throughflow. Estimated changes in sea surface height (SSH) result largely from thermosteric changes; however, nonsteric (barotropic) variations on the order of 1–2 cm also contribute to SSH changes at station ALOHA. Moreover, changes of similar magnitude can be caused by changes in the salinity field because of a quasi-biennial oscillation in the horizontal flow structure and heaving of the mean salinity structure on seasonal and interannual time scales. The adjoint modeling framework confirms westward-propagating Rossby waves (due to wind forcing) and subduction of water-mass anomalies (due to surface buoyancy forcing) as the primary mechanisms leading to observed changes of T–S structures at station ALOHA. Specifically, the analysis identifies surface freshwater fluxes along the wintertime outcrop of intermediate waters as a primary cause for salinity changes at station ALOHA and wind stress forcing east of the station position as another forcing mechanism of salinity variations around the Hawaiian Archipelago.
A Comparison of Tipburn Susceptibility in Lettuce Under Field and Glasshouse Conditions

SummaryEight lettuce cultivars have been tested for susceptibility to tipburn in the field on seven occasions during 1973 and 1974. Four of these cultivars, Borough Wonder, Cobham Green, Improved Lobjoits Green and Avon Crisp were badly affected by tipburn, whilst Avon Defiance, Great Lakes 659, Little Gem and Webbs Wonderful were virtually free of the disorder.A method for inducing tipburn in young plants in the glasshouse is described, but it is shown that only Great Lakes 659 and Borough Wonder responded similarly under both glasshouse and field conditions. Tipburn susceptibility in the other cultivars, as determined in young plants under glasshouse conditions, is not necessarily matched by a corresponding susceptibility in the field and, until the factors responsible for this discrepancy have been identified, glasshouse screening is unlikely to be useful for breeding purposes. The only immediate practical solution to the tipburn problem would appear to be to sow only those cultivars that have been sho.
COMMUNITIES OF FOLLOWERS IN TOURISM TWITTER ACCOUNTS OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

Microblogs have been widely adopted by travelers to search, organize, share, and annotate their travel stories and experiences, and by Destination Marketing Organiza- tions (DMOs) to promote countries' image. Twitter is the most popular microblogging site and one of the top -10 most visited websites on the Internet. Building relationships, conveni- ence of networking, and expanding online branding opportunities have been recorded as the perceived bene�耀ts of using Twitter. The paper records tourism Twitter accounts of 37 Eu- ropean countries. It also records indexes of Twitter performance and in�耀uence and indexes of followers' community involvement. Next, the mentions/replies (m/r) network of the fol- lowers for each account is constructed in order to study whether it demonstrates community characteristics. Clustering coef�耀cient, assortativity, and degree skewness are used as network indexes to explore whether m/r networks present the properties of small -worlds and scale- -free networks, and are characterized by homophily. These indexes are then associated with Twitter performance indexes to explore how m/r networks differentiate across accounts of different popularity and performance. Findings reveal that m/r networks of followers do not constitute communities, but rather the people use tourism organizations' Twitter accounts as announcement boards or as one more channel for one -way communication with the public.