Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advanced ion trap development and ultrafast laser-ion interactions.

Advanced Ion Trap Development and Ultrafast Laser-Ion Interactions by Martin John Madsen Chair: Christopher R. Monroe All of the essential elements for a trapped ion quantum computer have been demonstrated in previous experiments. There are, however, many technical challenges to scaling the number of quantum bits from the current state-of-the-art (about 8) to the number of qubits needed for practical quantum computing. Although there is experimental evidence supporting one possible method (using cw laser pulses and common motional modes as the ion interaction) for deterministic ion entanglement, it is not known if that will ultimately be the most practical method for building a large-scale quantum computer. One model for scalable quantum computing with trapped ions calls for large interconnected arrays of small traps. Several advancements reported in this work include the development of three layer alumina traps as well as MEMS fabricated microtraps. Other models for scalable trapped ion quantum computing do not call for local entanglement or call for relaxed constraints on the motional control of the ions. These proposals require the use of ultrafast laser pulses interacting with the ions. This work reviews several experiments that explore the interaction between the ultrafast laser and single trapped ions including early indication of ultrafast control and entanglement between a single ion and a single photon frequency qubit.
On the consistency between CP violation in the K vs. Bd systems within the Standard Model

In the K and Bd systems, indirect CP violation is quantified by the parameters epsilon_K and sin 2beta respectively. Within the Standard Model, the uniqueness of the CP violating phase implies that the measurement of either between epsilon_K and sin 2beta permits to predict the other. Since both these parameters are very well measured, this turns into a powerful test of consistency. I discuss the status of this test, especially in the light of recent advances on the epsilon_K formula.
Parabolic sheaves on surfaces and affine Lie algebra $\hat{gl}_n$

We give an example of geometric construction (via Hecke correspondences) of certain representations of the affine Lie algebra $\hat{gl}_n$. The construction is similar to the one of [FK] for the Lie algebra $sl_n$. Given a surface with a smooth embedded curve $C$ we consider the moduli spaces $K_\alpha$ of rank $n$ parabolic sheaves satisfying certain conditions. The top dimensional irreducible components of $K_\alpha$ are numbered by the isomorphism classes of $\alpha$-dimensional nilpotent representations of the cyclic quiver $\tilde{A}_{n-1}$. Summing up over all $\alpha\in{\Bbb N}[{\Bbb Z}/n{\Bbb Z}]$ we obtain a vector space $M$ with a basis of fundamental classes of top dimensional components of $K_\alpha$. The natural correspondences give rise to the action of Chevalley generators $e_i,f_i\in\hat{sl}_n$ on $M$. We compute explicitly the matrix coefficients of $e_i,f_i$ in the above basis. The central charge of $M$ depends on the genus of the curve $C$ and the degree of its normal bundle.
Noncommutative ergodic theorems

We present recent results about the asymptotic behavior of ergodic products of isometries of a metric space X. If we assume that the displacement is integrable, then either there is a sublinear diffusion or there is, for almost every trajectory in X, a preferred direction at the boundary. We discuss the precise statement when X is a proper metric space and compare it with classical ergodic theorems. Applications are given to ergodic theorems for nonintegrable functions, random walks on groups and Brownian motion on covering manifolds.
Complexity Of Parallel Arithmetic Using The Chinese Remainder Representation

In this thesis, we show that all of the fundamental arithmetic operations in the Chinese remainder representation can be performed in O(log n) time using O(n O(1)) boolean processors. In particular, we present an O(log n) depth, O(n O(1)) node, uniform circuit family for division, thereby, showing the division, iterated product, and powering problems to be in NC 1. We also present NC 1 circuits for a wide variety of other arithmetic operations in the Chinese remainder representation, such as addition, multiplication, computation of the inverse, base extension, and conversion to and from binary. Date iv Acknowledgements I would like to thank my family for their love and support throughout my struggles in writing my thesis, and generally throughout my school career. I would like to thank my advisor, Professor Davida, for encouraging me to make a second eeort and then providing me guidance so that I may succeed. I would also like to thank Professor Peralta for his thorough reading of this thesis and his valuable suggestions.
Competitiveness and complementarity of agricultural products between Thailand and China on a short-term basis

China and Thailand belong to Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership countries, and agricultural trade is vital to Thailand’s economy. Competition in agricultural trade between countries is fierce. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the advantages and disadvantages of agricultural trade between Thailand and China. Complementarity and competitiveness of international business show the benefits and drawbacks of cross-border exports and the trend of future exports. This study uses quantitative techniques to analyze the agricultural trade between Thailand and China. It employed four methods, including the calculations of the Grubel-Lloyd index, revealed comparative advantage index (RCA), trade intensity index (TII), and trade complementarity index (TCI). The result of method 1 indicates that Thailand’s agricultural trade has a more substantial competitive advantage (three years average RCA = 1.69 &gt; 1.25) than China (three years average RCA = 0.37 &lt; 0.8) from 2017 to 2019; they are complementary in specific categories of agricultural products. The result of method 2 indicates that items 03, 07, 13, and 14 of China’s exports and Thailand’s imports have strong complementarity. Items 10, 11, 17, and 19 of Thailand’s exports and China’s imports have strong complementarity. The result of method 3 indicates that the positive factor on bilateral trade flow is significant. The result of method 4 indicates that items 06, 07, 12, 19, 20, and 21 have advantages in intra-industry trade, and items 09, 10, 13, and 18 have advantages in inter-industry trade. The paper has important implications for Thailand’s government to formulate relevant trade policies to enhance its agricultural export competitiveness, which is also conducive to developing bilateral agricultural trade.
Effect of Random Poisson's Ratio on the Response Variability of Composite Plates

Together with the Young's modulus the Poisson's ratio is another independent material parameter that governs the behavior of a structural system. Therefore, it is meaningful to evaluate separately the influence of the parameter on the random response of the structural system. To this end, a formulation dealing with the spatial randomness in the Poisson's ratio in laminated composite plates is proposed. The main idea of the paper is to transform the fraction form of the constitutive coefficients into the expanded form in an ascending order of the stochastic field function. To validate the adequacy of the formulation, a square plate is chosen and the computation results are compared with those obtained using conventional Monte Carlo simulation. It is observed that the results show good agreement with those by the Monte Carlo simulation(MCS).
Is random access memory random

Most software is contructed on the assumption that the programs and data are stored in random access memory (RAM). Physical limitations on the relative speeds of processor and memory elements lead to a variety of memory organizations that match processor addressing rate with memory service rate. These include interleaved and cached memory. A very high fraction of a processor's address requests can be satified from the cache without reference to the main memory. The cache requests information from main memory in blocks that can be transferred at the full memory speed. Programmers who organize algorithms for locality can realize the highest performance from these computers.
The development of the CIE 2000 Colour Difference Formula

A method and formulations for cleaning painted aluminum siding and other metal, organic resin and the like surfaces comprising applying to the surface a layer containing a water-insoluble finely divided absorbent material and an oxide remover solution such as an aqueous acidic solution containing a phosphate radical and after the first layer has dried applying thereover a second layer which contains water-insoluble finely divided solid absorbent material in a liquid mixture including a water-soluble organic solvent and a compound selected from the group consisting of sodium nitrite, soluble silicates, and a water-insoluble organic solvent and after the first layer has been absorbed through the first layer removing the layers as by washing with water. The invention has special utility for cleaning and preparing architectural aluminum siding for refinishing with paint or other protective coatings.
Equivalences of ${\mathbb Z} _t \times {\mathbb Z}_2^2$-cocyclic Hadamard matrices

One of the most promising structural approaches to resolving the Hadamard Conjecture uses the family of cocyclic matrices over ${\mathbb Z} _t \times {\mathbb Z}_2^2$. Two types of equivalence relations for classifying cocyclic matrices over ${\mathbb Z} _t \times {\mathbb Z}_2^2$ have been found. Any cocyclic matrix equivalent by either of these relations to a Hadamard matrix will also be Hadamard. One type, based on algebraic relations between cocycles over any finite group, has been known for some time. Recently, and independently, a second type, based on four geometric relations between diagrammatic visualisations of cocyclic matrices over ${\mathbb Z} _t \times {\mathbb Z}_2^2$, has been found. Here we translate the algebraic equivalences to diagrammatic equivalences and show one of the diagrammatic equivalences cannot be obtained this way. This additional equivalence is shown to be the geometric translation of matrix transposition.
Involvement of Calcium and Calmodulin in NO-Alleviated Salt Stress in Tomato Seedlings

Salt stress is an adverse impact on the growth and development of plants, leading to yield losses in crops. It has been suggested that nitric oxide (NO) and calcium ion (Ca2+) act as critical signals in regulating plant growth. However, their crosstalk remains unclear under stress condition. In this study, we demonstrate that NO and Ca2+ play positive roles in the growth of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) seedlings under salt stress. Our data show that Ca2+ channel inhibitor lanthanum chloride (LaCl3), Ca2+ chelator ethylene glycol-bis (2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), or calmodulin (CaM) antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfona-mide hydrochloride (W-7) significantly reversed the effect of NO-promoted the growth of tomato seedlings under salt stress. We further show that NO and Ca2+ significantly decreased reactive oxygen accumulation, increased proline content, and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, as well as increased expression of antioxidant enzymes related genes. However, LaCl3, EGTA, and W-7 prevented the positive roles of NO. In addition, the activity of downstream target enzymes related to Ca2+/CaM was increased by NO under salt stress, while LaCl3, EGTA, and W-7 reversed this enhancement. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Ca2+/CaM might be involved in NO-alleviate salt stress.
Some studies of axisymmetric free jets exhausting from sonic and supersonic nozzles into still air and into supersonic streams

Report presenting some experimental and theoretical studies of axisymmetric free jets exhausting from sonic and supersonic nozzles into still air and into supersonic streams as a way to investigate problems associated with propulsive jets. A variety of variables for each case are considered, including jet Mach number, nozzle divergence angle, jet static-pressure ratio, free-stream Mach number, and specific heat ratios.
Glutathione an Effective Adjuvant Therapy for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Associated with COVID-19 Infection

Aim: This study is aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of Intravenous Glutathione in moderate COVID-19 patients with respiratory distress. Study Design: A randomized, multicentric, double-blind, placebo-controlled, comparative Phase III clinical trial. Place and Duration of Study: This clinical trial was conducted at 7 geographically distributed sites across India between February 2021 to September 2021. Participants: The study enrolled 240 participants who were tested and confirmed cases of moderate COVID-19 with respiratory distress. Interventions: Intravenous glutathione (GSH) at a loading dose of 2400 mg on the first day, followed by a dose of 1200 mg every 12 hours for seven days. Methodology: Patients were randomized into two groups in a ratio of 1:1, to receive either glutathione or placebo. Both the study drugs were given as an addition to the standard of care (SOC). The study site staff, investigator and patients were blinded to the treatment allocation. The primary endpoint of the study was two or more points of improvement on the WHO 7-point ordinal scale whereas the secondary endpoints were the proportion of patients not requiring oxygen supplementation after treatment. Other secondary endpoints included the proportion of patients who changed from a higher to a lower score on the WHO 7-Point ordinal scale, the proportion of patients remaining hospitalized, the need of non-invasive ventilation or new requirement of high flow oxygen use, and incidences of adverse events. Results: A significant clinical improvement in the GSH group (p<0.001) was observed in early treatment days. On day 3, GSH group had improvement in 49.15% of the patients as compared to 31.96% on placebo (p=0.007; odds ratio, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.22-3.48). A higher proportion of patients with baseline score of 5 or more in the GSH group (64.63%) showed improvement as compared to the placebo (46.58%) (p=0.024; odds ratio, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.10-4.00). A higher proportion of patients in the GSH group attained a score of 3 or less signifying no need of Oxygen supplementation, as compared to the placebo group on Day 2, Day 3 and Day 4. A reduction of severity in clinical status was also observed on Day 3, Day 4 and Day 5. The risk of remaining in the hospital was reduced by 37% in the GSH group. The 7-day dose of GSH was well tolerated by the patients. Conclusion: GSH supplementation reduces the cytokine storm and respiratory distress in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. GSH can also be used for treating respiratory distress due to other etiologies due to its favorable safety profile. GSH treatment should also be explored in a larger number of patients with ARDS of varied etiologies in randomized trials.
Discrete-time Markov chains

In the case where we consider the evolution of one single instance X , which begins in a particular state i, then π is a vector with π (0) j = δij , i.e. a vector of zeros with a one at position i. If, rather than just a single instance, we begin with a population {X(0), X(0), . , X(0)} all evolving according to the same Markov chain, then we can regard π as the initial proportion of the population in each state.
The Modeling and Simplification of a Thermal Model of a Planar Transformer Based on Internal Power Loss

With the development of high-performance wide-band-gap devices and increasing converter frequency, planar transformers are widely used in high-frequency and high-power-density power conversions. Due to the skin effect and proximity effect, accurate thermal analysis and a simplified thermal model of planar transformers are needed for quick thermal verification as well as system design. This paper proposes two thermal simplification models based on the planar transformer’s thermal impedance network. The internal power loss and thermal coupling between each component are first analyzed. Then, based on thermal radiation theory, the simplified thermal model of the planar transformer is presented. It only requires the input of the total power loss of the planar transformer to calculate the temperature rise, and it does not need the power loss of each component. Finally, the simulation and experimental verification are carried out on a MHz prototype.
NN-Based 8FSK Demodulator for the Covert Channel

In this article, a superposition-based covert channel and its demodulator were proposed and examined. As a covert waveform, an 8FSK modulation was selected. The impact of the channel estimation error and resulting imperfect SIC operation (successive interference cancelation) on the covert information demodulation process was considered. Especially for this imperfection, an NN-based demodulator was proposed. The superiority of this solution over the traditional 8FSK correlator-based receiver was examined for various cases, including the hard- and soft-decision detectors. It was proven that, although NN does not provide BER values equal to zero, even for the perfect SIC, it generally overcomes the traditional correlator-based 8FSK demodulator. Simulation results showed that the NN-base demodulator, in the case of additional covert channel coding, provides error-free demodulation, even for four-times greater channel gain error.
Effect of ambient gas on cavity formation for sphere impacts on liquids

Formation of a splash crown and a cavity following the impact of a sphere on a body of liquid is a classical problem. In the related problem of a droplet splashing on a flat surface, it has been established that the properties of the surrounding gas can influence the splashing threshold. At lower impact speeds, this is due mainly to the influence of gas kinetic effects, since the height of the gas lubrication film which is displaced during dynamic wetting is often comparable to the mean free path of the gas. At higher Weber and Reynolds numbers, on the other hand, inertial effects dominate and the density of the gas becomes important in determining whether a splash occurs. In this article, sphere impacts on a liquid body are investigated in a rarefied atmosphere using high-speed photography. It is found that the threshold entry speed for cavity formation is influenced by the density of the surrounding gas, whereas changing the mean free path of the gas has no effect. We attribute this phenomenon to the gas slowing the sealing of the thin crown sheet behind the sphere. This assertion is supported with experimental measurements of the liquid sheet thickness. In the range of parameters considered, the splash crown influences the movement of the contact line, an effect not previously observed.
The Kinematics of Mixing: Stretching, Chaos, and Transport

Preface Acknowledgments 1. Introduction 2. Flow, trajectories and deformation 3. Conservation equations, change of frame, and vorticity 4. Computation of stretching and efficiency 5. Chaos in dynamical systems 6. Chaos in Hamiltonian systems 7. Mixing and chaos in two-dimensional time-periodic flows 8. Mixing and chaos in three-dimensional and open flows 9. Epilogue: diffusion and reaction in lamellar structures and microstructures in chaotic flows Appendix List of frequently used symbols References Author index Subject index.
Rényi Entropy and Free Energy

The Rényi entropy is a generalization of the usual concept of entropy which depends on a parameter q. In fact, Rényi entropy is closely related to free energy. Suppose we start with a system in thermal equilibrium and then suddenly divide the temperature by q. Then the maximum amount of work the system can perform as it moves to equilibrium at the new temperature divided by the change in temperature equals the system’s Rényi entropy in its original state. This result applies to both classical and quantum systems. Mathematically, we can express this result as follows: the Rényi entropy of a system in thermal equilibrium is without the ‘q−1-derivative’ of its free energy with respect to the temperature. This shows that Rényi entropy is a q-deformation of the usual concept of entropy.
Breathless through Time: Oxygen and Animals across Earth’s History

Oxygen levels in the atmosphere and ocean have changed dramatically over Earth history, with major impacts on marine life. Because the early part of Earth’s history lacked both atmospheric oxygen and animals, a persistent co-evolutionary narrative has developed linking oxygen change with changes in animal diversity. Although it was long believed that oxygen rose to essentially modern levels around the Cambrian period, a more muted increase is now believed likely. Thus, if oxygen increase facilitated the Cambrian explosion, it did so by crossing critical ecological thresholds at low O2. Atmospheric oxygen likely remained at low or moderate levels through the early Paleozoic era, and this likely contributed to high metazoan extinction rates until oxygen finally rose to modern levels in the later Paleozoic. After this point, ocean deoxygenation (and marine mass extinctions) is increasingly linked to large igneous province eruptions—massive volcanic carbon inputs to the Earth system that caused global warming, ocean acidification, and oxygen loss. Although the timescales of these ancient events limit their utility as exact analogs for modern anthropogenic global change, the clear message from the geologic record is that large and rapid CO2 injections into the Earth system consistently cause the same deadly trio of stressors that are observed today. The next frontier in understanding the impact of oxygen changes (or, more broadly, temperature-dependent hypoxia) in deep time requires approaches from ecophysiology that will help conservation biologists better calibrate the response of the biosphere at large taxonomic, spatial, and temporal scales.
A Dynamic Control Method for Buck + $LLC$ Cascaded Converter With a Wide Input Voltage Range

DC–DC converters with a wide input voltage range have earned numerous daily applications in the industry. An example is power systems for electric vehicles, where <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LLC$</tex-math></inline-formula> converters with remarkable features have also been deployed to provide isolation. It is, therefore, common to find a front buck converter cascaded to a back <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LLC$</tex-math></inline-formula> converter, where their intermediate bus voltage is set low to accommodate the lowest input voltage to the buck converter. Unfortunately, this causes efficiency to drop at a high input voltage. To avoid the drop, a reconfiguring strategy has been proposed to convert the front buck converter from full bridge to half bridge, as its input voltage rises above a specified threshold. Furthermore, to ensure a smooth and fast reconfiguration, a dynamic control method has been proposed to direct the intermediate bus voltage to track a reference trajectory with a lower current surge. Besides, the method employs pulse-shift modulation to keep a stable output voltage and proper control initialization to prevent oscillation during the transition. These favorable features and an overall higher efficiency have subsequently been verified through experimental testing with a wide input voltage range.