Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observations of Polarimetric Signatures in Supercells by an X-Band Mobile Doppler Radar

AbstractPolarimetric weather radars significantly enhance the capability to infer the properties of scatterers within a resolution volume. Previous studies have identified several consistently seen polarimetric signatures in supercells observed in the central United States. Nearly all of these studies used data collected by fixed-site S- and C-band radars. Because there are few polarimetric mobile radars, relatively little has been documented in high-resolution polarimetric data from mobile radars. Compared to S and C bands, there has been very limited examination of polarimetric signatures at X band.The primary focus of this paper is on one signature that has not been documented previously and one that has had little documentation at X band. The first signature, seen in at least seven supercell datasets collected by a mobile, X-band, polarimetric radar, consists of a narrow band of locally reduced reflectivity factor ZH and differential reflectivity, typically near the location where the hook echo “attac.
Spacetime entanglement with f ( R ) gravity

: We study the entanglement entropy of a general region in a theory of induced gravity using holographic calculations. In particular we use holographic entanglement entropy prescription of Ryu-Takayanagi in the context of the Randall-Sundrum 2 model while considering general f ( R ) gravity in the bulk. Showing the leading term is given by the usual Bekenstein-Hawking formula, we conﬁrm the conjecture by Bianchi and Myers for this theory. Moreover, we calculate the ﬁrst subleading term to entanglement entropy and show they agree with the Wald entropy up to extrinsic curvature terms.
The non-SUSY baryonic branch: soft supersymmetry breaking of N = 1 gauge theories

: We study a non-supersymmetric deformation of the ﬁeld theory dual to the baryonic branch of Klebanov-Strassler. Using a combination of analytical (series expansions) and numerical methods we construct non-supersymmetric backgrounds that smoothly interpolate between the desired UV and IR behaviors. We calculate various observables of the ﬁeld theory and propose a picture of soft breaking by gaugino masses that is consistent with the various calculations on the string side
Field theory interpretation of N = 2 stringy instantons

: We consider stringy instanton contributions to the prepotential of low-energy N = 2 theories engineered by D-brane set ups at orbifold and orientifold singularities. We show that such contributions can always be reproduced in a purely ﬁeld theoretic UV completion. We perform the explicit check up to instanton number three, both for Sp(0) and U(1) stringy instantons, the latter being introduced for the purpose. We further argue that the UV completion that we propose, though weakly coupled, can be smoothly mapped to a gravity-dual inspired UV completion consisting of a cascade of baryonic root transitions.
Non-Abelian T-duality, G 2 -structure rotation and holographic duals of N = 1 Chern-Simons theories

: A new dynamic SU(3)-structure solution in type-IIA is found by T-dualising a deformation of the Maldacena-Nastase solution along an SU(2) isometry. It is argued that this is dual to a quiver gauge theory with multiple Chern-Simons levels. A clear way of deﬁning Chern-Simons levels in terms of Page charges is presented, which is also used to deﬁne a Chern-Simons term for the G 2 -structure analogue of Klebanov-Strassler, providing evidence of a cascade in both the ranks and levels of the dual quiver.
Perturbative evaluation of circular 1/2 BPS Wilson loops in N = 6 super Chern-Simons theories

: We present a complete two-loop analysis of the quantum expectation value for circular BPS Wilson loops in ABJ(M) theories. We examine in details the 1/2 BPS case, that requires non-trivial fermionic couplings with the contour, ﬁnding perfect agreement with the exact matrix model answer at zero framing. The result is obtained through a care-ful application of DRED regularization scheme, combined with a judicious rearrangement of the relevant perturbative contributions that reduces the computation to simple integrals. We carefully analyze the contribution of fermions that is crucial for the consistency with the localization procedure and point out the arising of pivotal evanescent terms, discussing their meaning in relation to Ward identities
Joint DNN Partition and Resource Allocation for Task Offloading in Edge–Cloud-Assisted IoT Environments

Multiaccess edge computing (MEC) is a promising approach to enhancing IoT devices running AI-based services. Especially, the edge–cloud architecture acts as a strong supporter of the resource-limited IoT devices. How to optimize the system resources efficiently to improve the service performance is the key issue in this scenario. Motivated by this, in this article, we focus on a multi-base station (BS) and multiservice edge–cloud-assisted IoT environment, where both the BSs (with edge servers deployed) and the cloud can assist the IoT devices to process multitype deep learning (DL) tasks via task offloading. DNN partition mechanism and both the communication and computing resources allocation are utilized to enable a collaborative optimization to minimize the processing delay of all the DL tasks in the system. Due to the mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) characteristic of our optimization problem, we propose an algorithm that decomposes the original problem into two subproblems, solves them separately, and then obtains the near-optimal solution efficiently. Extensive simulations are conducted by varying five different crucial parameters. The superiority of our scheme is demonstrated in comparisons with several other schemes proposed by existing works. Our scheme can achieve a notable 28.3% delay reduction on average.
High-dispersion observations of alpha Bootis (K1 III) with the International Ultraviolet Explorer

Echelle spectrograms were obtained of the early-K red giant Arcturus in the far UV 1150-2000 A and middle-UV 2000-3200 A regions. Faint emission from forbidden Si II at 1892.0 A was detected. A surface flux of C IV was measured that was less than 1 percent of the solar surface flux. An observed faint spectral structure near 1380 A is believed due to the bands of the A-X fourth positive system of CO fluoresced by strong chromospheric emissions of the O I triplet. Constraints on the chromospheric structure, as evidenced by the fluorescent emissions and density-sensitive line ratios from multiplet UV lines of forbidden C II, are discussed.
Polarimetry photometry and spectroscopy of the intermediate polar V1223 Sgr

Etude de la polarisation optique et IR de cette polaire intermediaire. Analyse des courbes de lumiere optiques et IR. Des observations spectroscopiques sur une demi periode orbitale montrent un leger changement de vitesse radiale accompagne par un changement complexe des profils de raie
Improved Automatic Classification of Litho-Geomorphological Units by Using Raster Image Blending, Vipava Valley (SW Slovenia)

Automatic landslide classification based on digital elevation models has become a powerful complementary tool to field mapping. Many studies focus on the automatic classification of landslides’ geomorphological features, such as their steep main scarps, but in many cases, the scarps and other morphological features are difficult for algorithms to detect. In this study, we performed an automatic classification of different litho-geomorphological units to differentiate slope mass movements in field maps by using Maximum Likelihood Classification. The classification was based on high-resolution lidar-derived DEM of the Vipava Valley, SW Slovenia. The results show an improvement over previous approaches as we used a blended image (VAT, which included four different raster layers with different weights) along with other common raster layers for morphometric analysis of the surface (e.g., slope, elevation, aspect, TRI, curvature, etc.). The newly created map showed better classification of the five classes we used in the study and recognizes alluvial deposits, carbonate cliffs (including landslide scarps), carbonate plateaus, flysch, and slope deposits better than previous studies. Multivariate statistics recognized the VAT layer as the most important layer with the highest eigenvalues, and when combined with Aspect and Elevation layers, it explained 90% of the total variance. The paper also discusses the correlations between the different layers and which layers are better suited for certain geomorphological surface analyses.
A Linear Mixed-Effects Model with Heterogeneity in the Random-Effects Population

Abstract This article investigates the impact of the normality assumption for random effects on their estimates in the linear mixed-effects model. It shows that if the distribution of random effects is a finite mixture of normal distributions, then the random effects may be badly estimated if normality is assumed, and the current methods for inspecting the appropriateness of the model assumptions are not sound. Further, it is argued that a better way to detect the components of the mixture is to build this assumption in the model and then “compare” the fitted model with the Gaussian model. All of this is illustrated on two practical examples.
How much depth information can radar contribute to a depth estimation model?

Recently, several works have proposed fusing radar data as an additional perceptual signal into monocular depth estimation models because radar data is robust against varying light and weather conditions. Although improved performances were reported in prior works, it is still hard to tell how much depth information radar can contribute to a depth estimation model. In this paper, we propose radar inference and supervision experiments to investigate the intrinsic depth potential of radar data using state-of-the-art depth estimation models on the nuScenes dataset. In the inference experiment, the model predicts depth by taking only radar as input to demonstrate the inference capability using radar data. In the supervision experiment, a monocular depth estimation model is trained under radar supervision to show the intrinsic depth information that radar can contribute. Our experiments demonstrate that the model using only sparse radar as input can detect the shape of surroundings to a certain extent in the predicted depth. Furthermore, the monocular depth estimation model supervised by preprocessed radar achieves a good performance compared to the baseline model trained with sparse lidar supervision.
Solveurs parallèles pour la simulation de systèmes multicontacts

Dans le cadre des systèmes multicontacts, et en particulier des milieux granulaires, la méthode de dynamique des contacts (Non Smooth Contact Dynamics) intègre un solveur de type Gauss Seidel non linéaire à chaque pas de temps. Nous proposons ici deux implémentations de cet algorithme aux comportements différents dans leur version parallèle. Un nouvel algorithme de type Gradient Conjugué, intrinsèquement parallèle, est également présenté.
Surface photometry of barred spiral galaxies

Detailed surface photometry has been made for six early-type barred spiral galaxies using high-resolution photographic plates. Azimuthal luminosity profiles are extracted and analyzed in detail. Radial luminosity profiles of the bars and underlying disk components are studied, and the bar components are extracted and their structure studied in detail. The observed properties are compared with results of numerical simulations of a stellar disk. 66 refs.
On continuum simulations of the evolution of faulted and perfect dislocation loops in silicon during post-implantation annealing

Abstract Predictive models of the damage evolution during post-implantation annealing are important for predicting the performance of final devices. An existing model of the thermal evolution of dislocation loops in silicon during post-implantation annealing has been recalibrated to better capture the distinction between faulted and perfect dislocation loops. The calibration was based on experimental findings from the literature on the simultaneous presence of both faulted and perfect dislocation loops after post-implantation annealing. Graphical abstract
On the role of surface plasmon polaritons in the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures upon irradiation of silicon by femtosecond-laser pulses

The formation of nearly wavelength-sized laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) on single-crystalline silicon upon irradiation with single or multiple femtosecond-laser pulses (pulse duration τ=130 fs and central wavelength λ=800 nm) in air is studied experimentally and theoretically. In our theoretical approach, we model the LIPSS formation by combining the generally accepted first-principles theory of Sipe and co-workers with a Drude model in order to account for transient intrapulse changes in the optical properties of the material due to the excitation of a dense electron-hole plasma. Our results are capable to explain quantitatively the spatial periods of the LIPSSs being somewhat smaller than the laser wavelength, their orientation perpendicular to the laser beam polarization, and their characteristic fluence dependence. Moreover, evidence is presented that surface plasmon polaritons play a dominant role during the initial stage of near-wavelength-sized periodic surface structures in fem.
Good Health Practices and Well-Being among Adolescents with Type-1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study Examining the Role of Satisfaction and Frustration of Basic Psychological Needs

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic disease requiring medical adherence. However, among adolescents, non-adherence rates may reach up to 75%. Satisfaction or frustration with psychological needs is a crucial factor in the motivation and management of health-related behaviors. This study aimed to examine the differences in good health practices and psychological and physical well-being among adolescents with and without T1D and the mediating role of satisfaction and frustration of psychological needs on the association between good health practices and well-being in this population. A total of 94 adolescents (42 with T1D, 52 healthy controls, mean age 14.83 ± 1.82 years) completed questionnaires assessing good health practices, satisfaction or frustration of psychological needs, and well-being. Adolescents with T1D reported lower levels of physical well-being compared to healthy controls. Satisfaction or frustration of psychological needs had an effect on good health practices and psychological and physical well-being among healthy controls. Among adolescents with T1D, satisfaction or frustration of psychological needs was related to psychological well-being and partially related to physical well-being, but not to good health practices. The results demonstrate that the satisfaction or frustration of psychological needs has a unique effect on health behaviors and well-being among adolescents with T1D. This calls for further examination of the underlying mechanisms involved in health-related behaviors and well-being among adolescents with T1D.
Wirtinger Presentations of Knot Groups

In this note we shall give an algebraic proof of the following theorem, which is concerned with [2] and [3]. Theorem. If a finitely presented group G satisfies the conditions (a) G/[G, G] is isomorphic to a free abelian group of rank/2>__1, (b) the weight of G equals to /2, (c) H2(G)-O, then G has Wirtinger presentations. 1. Let E be an arbitrary subset of a group G. We shall denote by E the normal closure of E. If E-G for some finite subset E =(g,’’ ", gn), then we shall call E a nucleus of G, and call n the order of the nucleus. Kervaire [2] called the minimal order of nuclei of G the weight of G. The following proposition is obvious. (1.1) Let (g, ., g) and (h, ., h) be n-tupels of G such that the transformation (g,.,g)-(h, .,h) is obtained by a finite sequence of transformations of the following types" ( ) (g, ., g)--,(gi, ., g), s-+_ 1, i-1, . , n, (ii) (g, ., gn)-(g, ., g), where (i, ., in) is a permutation of (1, 2, ., n), (iii) (.,g,.,g,.)(.,g,.,gg,.) or (.,g,., ggl, .),e--_l. Then(hl,.,hn)-(gl, .,gn). Let (x,,., x." r,,., r)be a presentation of a group G. If each relator r is described in a orm x;wxwT. , i.e. x=wxw;} as a relation, then we call the presentation a Wirtinger presentation o G. Let F=F[x,, . , x] be a ree group generated by ree generators x, . , x, and let R be the kernel (r,., r) of the homomorphism " FG. Hopf [1] defined the second homology group H(G) as the group [F, F] R/ [F, R], and proved that it does not depend on the underlying ree group F. (1.2) Suppose a group G satisfies the condition (c) o the theorem and (x, ., x" r, ., r, r+, ., r) is a presentation o G. If r+, . , r e [F, F], then G has also a presentation G-(x, ., Xn" r,, ., rt, [r, x], i-l+ 1, ., m, ]-1, ., n). Proof. We shall prove that (r, ., r)-(r, ., rt, {[r, xj]}). (r,, ., r)D(r,, ., r, {[r, x]}) is trivial. Since r e [F, F] or k
Stabilization of Collective Motion in a Time-Invariant Flowfield

Cooperative steering controls enable mobile sampling platforms to conduct synoptic, adaptive surveys of dynamic spatiotemporal processes by appropriately regulating the space-time separation of their sampling trajectories. Sensing platforms in the air and maritime domains can be pushed off course by strong and variable environmental dynamics. However, most existing cooperative-control algorithms are based on simple motion models that do not include a flowfield. Existing models that include the flowfield often include speed control to compensate for the flow. In this paper, we describe a constant-speed self-propelled particle model that explicitly incorporates a time-invariant flowfield. Each vehicle is represented by a Newtonian particle subject to a gyroscopic steering control. We describe the Lyapunov-based design of decentralized control algorithms that stabilize collective motion in a known flowfield. In the case of a spatially variable flow, we provide an algorithm to stabilize synchronized motion, in which all of the particles move in the same direction, and circular motion, in which all of the particles orbit an inertially fixed point at a constant radius. For a spatially invariant flow, we provide an algorithm to stabilize balanced motion, in which the particle position centroid is inertially fixed, and symmetric circular formations, in which the particle spacing around a circle is temporally regulated. Via the latter algorithm, we provide a method of stabilizing a circular formation in which the particles are evenly spaced in time and the formation is centered on a moving target. The theoretical results are illustrated with two numerical examples based on applications in environmental monitoring and target surveillance.
Modern exospheric theories and their observational relevance

A review and critique of present-day kinetic theory models of planetary exospheres is presented. Models of ionized exospheres, specifically the solar and the terrestrial polar wind, are also discussed. The objective of the paper is to point out the need for a rigorous kinetic theory treatment of the atmosphere in the altitude region between the thermosphere and the exosphere. This is the region where the atmosphere undergoes a transition from a collision-dominated to a collisionless situation. The various aspects of the exospheric problem are introduced and developed around this main theme. The exospheric problem and its considerable overlap with several related problems in physics and chemistry are noted. The calculation of the velocity distribution function of exospheric constituents with the spherically symmetric collisionless model is then presented. Various modifications of this standard model with regard to planetary rotation, nonuniform exobasic density and temperature distributions, and time-dependent effects are subsequently discussed and compared. The extent to which collisionless models suffice to explain observational data of planetary exospheres is assessed. This assessment is given in terms of a comparison of density profiles or reduction factors determined with hydrogen and/or helium cells. A comparison of experimental measurements of the diurnal variation of terrestrial atomic hydrogen densities and theoretical models to explain the asymmetry is presented. The collisionless approach is criticized on theoretical grounds for the neglect of a consideration of the transition region and the resulting artificial boundary between the thermosphere and the exosphere. The aim of collisional models with regard to escape-induced non-Maxwellian effects, modifications of the temperature structure, nonthermal escape processes, and satellite particle populations from Monte Carlo simulations and/or kinetic theory models based on a Boltzmann equation is discussed, and the various results are compared. The various attempts to introduce collisional concepts are shown to be incomplete, each considering the problem with different objectives. Throughout, the importance of a more rigorous collisional treatment is stressed, in particular with respect to the description of nonthermal escape processes and satellite particle populations which cannot be considered in a collisionless context. The effects of charge exchange reactions, photoionization, and solar radiation pressure on satellite particles are examined. With regard to nonthermal escape processes, the absence of a detailed kinetic theory of product velocity distributions based on a collisional theory is also noted.
An alternative finite element formulation for determination of streamlines in two-dimensional problems

It is well known that the numerical solutions of incompressible viscous flows are of great importance in Fluid Dynamics. The graphics output capabilities of their computational codes have revolutionized the communication of ideas to the non-specialist public. In general those codes include, in their hydrodynamic features, the visualization of flow streamlines - essentially a form of contour plot showing the line patterns of the flow - and the magnitudes and orientations of their velocity vectors. However, the standard finite element formulation to compute streamlines suffers from the disadvantage of requiring the determination of boundary integrals, leading to cumbersome implementations at the construction of the finite element code. In this article, we introduce an efficient way - via an alternative variational formulation - to determine the streamlines for fluid flows, which does not need the computation of contour integrals. In order to illustrate the good performance of the alternative formulation proposed, we capture the streamlines of three viscous models: Stokes, Navier-Stokes and Viscoelastic flows.
Learning edge-defining thresholds for local binary segmentation

Selecting a globally effective threshold to define edges for local binary thresholding and segmentation of images presents major problems given the significant variability in intensity and edge statistics from image to image and study to study. Previously reported results of applying binary local thresholding have depended on the careful empirical choice of a threshold range adapted to a particular class of images. We have developed two new systematic methods that learn the edge-defining threshold from the gradient image generated by applying a gradient operator. The first method minimizes a criterion function, and the second takes advantage of local constancy properties of the intensity threshold as a function of a selected edge-defining threshold. An edge-defining threshold is then obtained for each sub- image, and a global threshold derived from them for the whole image. Experiments with MR images from phantoms and various human and animal studies have shown the effectiveness of this approach.