Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isprs Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing an Update on Automatic 3d Building Reconstruction

The development of tools for the generation of 3D city models started almost two decades ago. From the beginning, fully automatic reconstruction systems were envisioned to fulfil the need for efficient data collection. However, research on automatic city modelling is still a very active area. The paper will review a number of current approaches in order to comprehensively elaborate the state of the art of reconstruction methods and their respective principles. Originally, automatic city modelling only aimed at polyhedral building objects, which mainly reflects the respective roof shapes and building footprints. For this purpose, airborne images or laser scans are used. In addition to these developments, the paper will also review current approaches for the generation of more detailed facade geometries from terrestrial data collection.
Three-Pole Tunable Bandpass Filters With Constant Fractional Bandwidth Using Mixed Comb-line Resonators

Abstract A novel three-pole tunable bandpass filter using mixed combline resonators with a center frequency band of 0.9–1.8 GHz is proposed in this paper. The varactor-tuned filter is designed on a Rogers substrate with εr = 2.2 and h = 1 mm, with 1-dB fractional bandwidth of 11% ± 0.6% (absolute bandwidth 97 MHz to 187.2 MHz). Its insertion loss is varying from 4.58 dB to 2.86 dB and return loss is better than 10 dB within the tuning frequency range. The measured third-order inter-modulation intercept point and 1-dB power compression point at midband (1.35 GHz) are higher than 17 and 8 dBm, respectively. The measured results show good agreement with the simulated ones.
Spatial Pattern of Land Use and Its Implications for Mode-Based Accessibility: Case Study of Nanjing, China

Accessibility is an important concept in transportation planning and research. This manuscript proposes methodologies and procedures to quantify accessibility by mode choice and its spatial variances in the contexts of limited data availability and increased levels of motorization/urbanization. A case study is conducted to show the applicability of the methodologies and procedures. The case study shows that accessibility follows a spatial pattern of concentric spheres, decreasing successively from the center to the peripheral. Regardless of mode choice, residents living in the center have better accessibility than residents elsewhere. The automobile accessibility is consistently higher than the bicycle and public transportation one. The automobile is more competitive in the suburb than in the center in terms of accessibility. If judged by accessibility, bicycling can be as competitive as public transportation in the center. In light of the above, it is recommended cities better promote public transportation and price automobile usage in the center and cultivate public transportation corridors in the suburb to make bicycling and public transportation more attractive. Doing the above would not compromise too much of residents’ overall accessibility, regardless of their mode choice.
Comparison of 5kV SiC JBS and PiN Diodes

Recent availability of large SiC wafer with reduced density of defects and maturity of our fabrication process permitted to fabricate 15A-5kV W-JBS (25 mm2) and 15A-5kV PiN (10 mm2) diodes on 4 wafers. We will present and compare their static characteristics. Several W-JBS diodes have been packaged and switched at 2.5kV to study their reverse recovery and demonstrate the major advantages of the SIC-JBS devices at high voltage.
Effects of Eco-Driving on Driving Performance

This paper investigates the effects of two driving behaviors on driving performance, the driving with eco-driving support and the general driving. Through observing and analyzing these driving behaviors in a variety of situations, driving performance under conditions of with and without eco-driving was evaluated. Based on the measurements on fuel consumption, speed control and gear use, it was found that eco-driving device can guide drivers to take proper driving behavior, such as in which way to drive and how to drive in order to achieve energy saving. The paper revealed the effects of eco-driving and how to drive efficiently.
A Development of 2MVA Battery Energy Storage System

Energy storage system connected to the grid has two functions such as the surplus power of a grid is stored in batteries or the energy stored in batteries will supply to the grid when the grid needs. The battery energy storage system consist of power condition system (PCS) for power supply and battery conditioning system (BCS). Lithium-ion batteries are mainly used. In this paper, the battery energy storage system connected to the grid described. The configuration of the 2MVA class power control system using water cooling and battery system are presented. And control method for the system and the output filter design method are proposed. Experimental verification of the proposed system is provided with 2MVA PCS and 500kWh BCS.
In line 40 Gb/s group‐velocity dispersion monitoring

In this article, we propose a technique to monitor the group‐velocity dispersion (GVD) of an optical signal modulated at 40 Gb/s. The described method is based on the measurement of the electrical signal power at the clock frequency and is able to return the magnitude value and sign of the GVD. We show that this technique is capable to return the GVD in the range [−60, 60] ps/nm, with an error of 3 ps/nm. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:206–208, 2014
Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Complex Paediatric and Adult Spine Deformity: A Retrospective Review of Consecutive Patients Treated at SRS GOP Site in Ghana

Background Pulmonary complications are important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients following spinal surgeries. There is paucity of literature on pulmonary complications following complex spine deformity surgery in underserved regions. This study sought to assess the incidence and risk factors of pulmonary complication following complex spine deformity surgery Methods Data of 276 complex spine deformity patients aged 3-25yrs who were consecutively treated at a single site were retrospectively reviewed. Data was analyzed using Stata 14 software. Patients were labelled into two groups: Grp 1: patients with pulmonary complications(N=17) vs Grp 2: patients with no pulmonary complications (N=259). Comparative analysis for risk factors included independent t-test and chi square test for independence. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was also performed. Results The incidence proportion of pulmonary complication was 17/276 (6.1%) (Grp 1) whiles 259 pts had no pulmonary events (Grp 2). There were 8M/9F for Grp 1 vs 100M/159F Grp 2, p=0.48. BMI was similar in both groups (17.2 vs 18.4km -2 , p=0.15). Average pre-op sagittal cobb (90.6 vs 88.7deg, p=0.87.), coronal cobb (95 vs 88.5deg, p=0.43), Pre-Op FVC (45.3 vs 62.0%, p=0.02), Pre-Op FEV1 (41.9% vs 63.1, p<0.001), Grp 1 vs Grp 2, respectively. EBL, OR time and Surgery Levels were similar in both Grps. Thoracoplasty was performed in 41.18% vs 21.57%, p=0.06, SPO 47.06% vs 42.31%, p=0.04 and VCR 5.88% vs 20.31%, p=0.145, Grp 1 vs Grp 2, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that every unit increase in pre-Op FVC (%) decreases the odds of pulmonary complication by 5% (OR=0.95, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.99, p=0.045). Conclusion The observed 6.1% incidence of pulmonary complications is comparable to reported series. Only pre-Op FVC was an independent predictor of pulmonary complications. The observed case fatality rate (17%) following pulmonary complications highlights the need for thorough preoperative evaluation to identify high risk patients. Key words: Complex spine deformity; Pulmonary complications; late presentation; Forced Vital Capacity; Halo Gravity Traction; FVC; pediatric deformity; scoliosis; Pulmonary function tests; PFT; complications; Preoperative management.
Management practice to achieve energy-efficient performance of green buildings in New Zealand

The number of green buildings in New Zealand is increasing. One of the main drivers for this increase is the intention to reduce energy consumption. Locally relevant planning and management tools for “green buildings” at operational level are required. Constructing green buildings does not ensure energy-efficient performance. Facilities' management plays an important role in achieving energy-efficient performance. Energy-management strategies have been identified from the literature and tested against current practice. These strategies are tested using case studies to examine the extent to which facilities' management implement energy-efficient measures. Results show green technologies that were inefficient during the operational phase and found that measures to engage occupants in energy conservation goal vary in effectiveness.
Comparative transcriptomes and genetic diversity assessment of two Sichuan peppers (Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Zanthoxylum armatum)

Background: Species of Zanthoxylum (Sichuan pepper) are diverse and valuable economic trees that have been cultivated across Asia for thousands of years for their aromatic and medicinal properties. The current lack of transcriptome and EST-SSR data for these species represents a constraint with regards to identifying increasingly more diverse cultivars in China. This study was conducted to compare the transcriptome profiles of two Zanthoxylum species (Z. bungeanum and Z. armatum) and develop the EST-SSR markers to assess the genetic diversity in Sichuan pepper. Results: A total of 36.76 G high-quality clean data were screened for subsequent analysis. For Z. bungeanum and Z. armatum, 64,944 and 75,669 unigenes were obtained, respectively. After comparing different databases, we found that the highest number of unigenes (43,3198 and 49,638 for Z. bungeanum and Z. armatum, respectively) were annotated using the NR database. In addition, six pairs of EST-SSR markers were selected to determine the genetic diversity of 125 samples of three Zanthoxylum species. A population clustering dendrogram indicated that there was an average of four samples per population, with the number of allelic genes (Na) ranging from 1 to 1.4510 (average of 1.1462). The number of effective allelic genes (Ne) ranged from 1 to 1.2744 (average of 1.0971), whereas genetic diversity (Nei) ranged from 0 to 0.1486 (average of 0.05512) and Shannon genetic diversity (I) ranged from 0 to 0.2177 (average 0.08123). In individual clustering dendrograms, the 125 samples were divided into five cohorts. Cohort I contained Z. bungeanum and its varieties, cohort II included Z. armatum and its varieties, cohort III contained mostly Z. piperitum and two other Z. bungeanum samples, and cohorts IV and V each contained only two samples, with genetic distances of 0 to 1.14 between them. Conclusion: In this study, we analyzed the comparative transcriptome data of two Zanthoxylum species, for which we assessed genetic diversity using EST-SSR primers derived from their EST information. The genetic diversity of 125 samples obtained from the three Zanthoxylum species Z. bungeanum, Z. armatum and Z. piperitum was relatively low, which can probably be attributed to apomixis.
Analysis of synchronization constraints and associated errors in collective work environments

This paper presents a framework of analysis of the requirements of synchronization and the associated errors in collective work environments. It proposes a formalism for describing the temporal relations that synchronization constraints take on in a work situation, giving special attention to the temporal information strategies used by the operators. A relational conception of time helps in understanding how the operators perceive, retain and utilize information to temporally co-ordinate their behaviours. An example application of the framework of analysis is developed for a situation of concrete work -anaesthesia- in the final section which concludes with the analysis of two cases of errors related to synchronization.
Unhealthy Attitude or Behavior Factors and Habitual Sugar Sweetened Beverages Consumption in Junior School Students: a Cross-Sectional Study in 2020 and Long Term Trend From 2012 to 2020

BackgroundSugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumption is the major source of added sugar intake and a common unhealthy eating behavior among youth in China and around the world. Excessive intake of SSBs has a negative impact on both short- and long-term health of adolescent. The targeting nutritional education and behavioral guidance, single use or as a supplement to the policy intervention like sales ban, is a low cost and effective intervening approach. The purpose of this study was to identify unhealthy attitudes and behaviors that affect youth's consumption of sugary drinks to provide evidence for subsequent targeted interventions.MethodsUsing the stratified cluster sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 1560 junior school students in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, in northern China and Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, in southern China. The content of the questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported consumption frequency of SSBs, attitude, behaviors and habits related to SSBs consumption. The Cronbach coefficient of questions was 0.855. Data from the series surveys of 2012 and 2018 were also used in the long-term trend analysis.ResultsIn 1466 Chinese junior school students, 5.1 % consumed SSBs every day and 13.6 % consumed it 3-6 times/week. The binary logistic regression was significant (R2=31.1%, P=0.001), and the attitude and behavior factors contributed to 22.1% of the 31.1% variation that could be explained. Among all factors, four unhealthy attitudes or behaviors with the highest OR were "Drink SSBs as water" (OR=10.288, 95%CI: 6.392~16.558), "Deem SSBs not affect health” (OR=2.735, 95%CI: 2.032~3.681), "Just want to drink SSBs” (OR=2.302, 95%CI: 1.524~3.478) and “Purchase SSBs in advance” (OR=2.245, 95%CI: 1.454~3.465). The SSBs consumption frequency increased with the increase of risk score of unhealthy attitudes and behaviors. (χ²-trend=127.470, P<0.001). Both frequency of drinking SSBs and holding rates of unhealthy attitudes or behaviors decreased with the passage of time (P trend<0.005). The drinking times per month was significantly positively correlated with the risk scores from 2012 to 2020 (r=0.314, P<0.001). ConclusionThe consumption of sugary drinks was largely influenced by unhealthy attitudes and behaviors. Adolescents are in the critical period of cognitive and habit formation, thus targeted intervention should be taken to promote their SSBs related healthy attitude and behavior to reduce the intake of added sugar and benefit them for life.
A Design of a Small Self-Propelled Mower by Building the Key Curves Based on the Internal Structure

Based on the internal structure of a small self-propelled mower, extract key points and make the main outlines of the machine by connecting the points in four ways: straight lines connect, arcs connect, free curves connect and data fitting. Then start from the main outlines and make the morphological evolution by the rules of "tilt", "fillet" and the characteristic of curves to obtain lots of basic shapes of the machines. Choose and modify the shapes by a unified style to get the final design of the mower. The period of the R&D of the small self-propelled mower is shorten and the final design is simple and effective in line with the appearance needs of such kind of products. Moreover the final shells of the mower are better match with the structural components. That verifies the feasibility of the design method and its better effect.
Comparing phase noise of integer‐N phase‐locked loop of voltage‐controlled and digitally controlled oscillators

This article compares the phase noise of an integer‐N phase‐locked loop (PLL) obtained using a voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) with those obtained using a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO). The cores of both VCO and DCO are single‐ended Clapp oscillators. To select the frequency of oscillation, a conventional analogue control is used in the VCO while a five‐bit digitally controlled circuit is adopted in the DCO. The VCO and DCO are designed and implemented using Agilent's GaAs HEMT ATF55143. Both are used in a PE3335 integer‐N PLL from Peregrine Semiconductor, and the performance of each is investigated in terms of phase noise. Careful comparison reveals that the integer‐N PLL with the DCO has a 7 dBc/Hz lower phase noise inside the loop bandwidth than the integer‐N PLL with the VCO. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2226–2228, 2014
Improvement of a Proxy Blind Multi-Signature Scheme

In this paper, the proxy blind multi-signature scheme proposed by Hu was analyzed, and we show that the scheme is not secure against the attack which the signature requester can tamper with the proxy warrant. In order to overcome the defect, we improve the proxy blind multi-signature scheme. The improved scheme can resist the attack, and meet integrity, unforgeability, verifiability, strong blind. This improved scheme is more secure and practicable, and suitable for electronic commerce.
Overview on contrail and cirrus cloud avoidance technology

Greenhouse gas emissions, contrails, and aviation-induced cirrus clouds are the principal pollutants from air traffic, which contribute to the anthropogenic global warming. Recent climate assessments have stressed the importance of contrails and aviation-induced cirrus clouds because they may contribute more than all other aircraft emissions combined. This paper reviews the mechanisms of contrail and aviation-induced cirrus cloud formation from which avoidance strategies are derived and discussed.
XIII. Hydraulic investigations, subservient to an intended Croonian Lecture on the motion of the blood

Having lately fixed on the discussion of the nature of inflammation, for the subject of an academical exercise, I found it necessary to examine attentively the mechanical principles of the circulation of the blood, and to investigate minutely and comprehensively the motion of fluids in pipes, as affected by friction, the resistance occasioned by flexure, the laws of the propagation of an impulse through the fluid contained in an elastic tube, the magnitude of a pulsation in different parts of a conical vessel, and the effect of a contraction advancing progressively through the length of a given canal. The physiological application of the results of these inquiries I shall have the honour of laying before the Royal Society at a future time; but I have thought it advisable to communicate, in a separate paper, such conclusions, as may be interesting to some persons, who do not concern themselves with disquisitions of a physiological nature; and I imagine it may be as agreeable to the Society that they should be submitted at present to their consideration, as that they should be withheld until the time appointed for the delivery of the Croonian Lecture. It has been observed by the late Professor Robison, that the comparison of the Chevalier Dubuat's calculations with his experiments is in all respects extremely satisfactory; that it exhibits a beautiful specimen of the means of expressing the general result of an extensive series of observations in an analytical formula, and that it does honour to the penetration, skill, and address of Mr. Dubuat, and of Mr. de St. Honore', who assisted him in the construction of his expressions: I am by no means disposed to dissent from this encomium; and I agree with Professor Robison, and with all other late authors on hydraulics, in applauding the unusually accurate coincidence between these theorems and the experiments from which they were deduced.
Scanning Optical System Of The Canon Laser Beam Printer

We describe studies on the scanning optical system for compact and inexpensive Canon laser beam printer (which we call LBP). Based on Canon's historically accumulated laser scanning optical technologies, our originally developed scanning optical system has the two functions of fθ-characteristic and deflection error compensation (we call the scanning optical system fθ-DEC), comprising a polygonal mirror scanner and toric lens as key components. As for the design, compactness and inexpensiveness of the fθ-DEC scanning optical system was investigated based on our theoretical and analytical study on fθ-lens for LBPs. On the manufacturing side, exclusive manufacturing equipment was developed for each of the above mentioned key components for effective mass production. In this paper, the theory, design, and manufacturing technologies for our fθ-DEC scanning optical system are presented. In addition, as an application example, Canon LBP-CX is introduced, where the above technologies have been integrated.
Uncertainty of EOP resulting from uncertain PMD estimation from transmitted signal

The paper concerns uncertainty of PMD Eye Opening Penalty (EOP) in an OOK fiber optic communication line that may result from the use in EOP calculations of uncertain estimates of the first order PMD. The considered PMD estimator obtains the PMD values from waveforms of transmitted signals. It is shown that non-negligible uncertainty and bias that the PMD estimates suffer from do not translate to unacceptable uncertainty of EOP calculated from the estimates. Then, practical applicability of PMD estimation from waveforms can be confirmed.
Optimal transmission expansion under different market structures

The debate is still on regarding the rationale for transmission expansion in deregulated power markets. Transmission planning with social welfare as the objective would lead to a different optimal expansion plan compared to the planning deemed optimal by individual merchants acting on market forces with profits as their objective. This issue remains to be resolved amid varying rationales and conflicting interests. Fundamental formulations and analyses for long-term network expansion are presented under the paradigms of (i) system-wide social cost minimisation under central planning, and (ii) profit maximising objectives of merchant entrants covering a range of market structures. Distinct planning outcomes under centralised (regulated monopoly) and decentralised (merchant transmission) network managements, and the relation between these optimal solutions have been quantified analytically. These fundamental formulations would be useful for detailed policy studies, and in the formulation of practical regulatory frameworks in the context of transmission sector market liberalisation. Simple and clear examples are presented to illustrate the theoretical results.
Manufacturing learning propensity in operations improvement

In this article, we present an exploratory research on manufacturing firms' choices of operations improvement strategies. We found that in the subject firms there was significant correlation between learning propensity espoused by managers and their choices of strategies for operations improvement. Relying on empirical data and information, we also identified three primary factors that influenced the process for the managers to form particular learning propensities: infrastructure in the firm, product mix, and top management. The empirical study, albeit bearing only exploratory results, enabled us to propose a tentative conclusion that as more managerial resources and managers' attention were devoted to a particular improvement strategy for which the managers formed a learning propensity, that “way of doing things” became more effective as the intentional experience and substantive investment compatible with the selected strategy accumulated. The enhanced effectiveness of that strategy reinforced the learning propensity, and the improvement process became more induced for the selected strategy. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.