Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conservative Finite-Difference Scheme for High-Frequency Acoustic Waves Propagating at an Interface Between Two Media

This paper is an introduction to a conservative, positive numerical scheme which takes into account the phenomena of reflection and transmission of high fre- quency acoustic waves at a straight interface between two homogeneous media. Ex- plicit forms of the interpolation coefficients for reflected and transmitted wave vectors on a two-dimensional uniform grid are derived. The propagation model is a Liouville transport equation solved in phase space. AMS subject classifications: 35L45, 65M06, 65M12, 70H99
Measurement of the crystalline anisotropy in sputtered single‐crystal FeTaN thin films

FeTaN single‐crystal thin films were grown in order to investigate the dependence of the crystalline anisotropy constant, K1, on the Ta and nitrogen content. Films with 5 and 10 wt % Ta and different nitrogen contents were prepared by dc sputtering on MgO(100) substrates at elevated temperatures. The film/substrate orientation was (100)∥(100) and [100]∥[110]. The values of K1 were determined by measuring the in‐plane angular dependence of the ferromagnetic resonance spectra and agreed very well with the values obtained from torque measurements, indicating that the total volume was biaxial cubic material. The hysteresis loops were characteristic of biaxial anisotropy and the anisotropy fields estimated from magnetization curves were consistent with the resonance and torque data. In Fe, K1 was (4.8±0.1)×105 ergs/cc in good agreement with the bulk value. In FeTa, K1 decreased to (4.4±0.1)×105 and (3.5±0.1)×105 ergs/cc for 5 and 10 wt % Ta content, respectively, and further to (2.7±0.1)×105 and (2.1±0.1)×105 .
Improving Phosphorus Availability and Wheat Yield in Saline Soil of the Lake Urmia Basin through Enriched Biochar and Microbial Inoculation

To reduce requirements for conventional chemical fertilizer and alleviate salinity stress in soils, a glasshouse experiment was conducted to assess the effects of enriched biochar on phosphatase activity, microbial respiration and wheat yield in non-saline and saline soils from the Lake Urmia basin (electrical conductivities 2 dS.m−1 and 15 dS.m−1, respectively). Nine treatments were tested: control, 1:1 mixture of apple and grape biochars (BC), phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), BC plus PSB (BC-PSB), BC plus rock phosphate (BC-RP), BC enriched by rock phosphate and bacteria (BC-RP-PSB), BC enriched by rock phosphate and HCl (BC-RP-HCl) or H3PO4 (BC-RP-H3PO4) and chemical fertilizer (TSP). The addition of enriched biochar decreased the soil pH (by 0.5–0.9 units) and increased available phosphorus (>7-fold). In both the saline and non-saline soils, the highest alkaline phosphatase activity was obtained for BC-H3PO4-RP and BC-HCl-RP. Wheat growth parameters were reclaimed after enriched biochar application, indicating superior dry matter yields compared to the control and non-enriched biochar treatments and significantly higher yields compared to TSP. Beneficial effects on soil pH, phosphatase activity, soil respiration and biomass yield demonstrated that enriched biochar could partly substitute chemical fertilizers and increase plant growth in salt stress conditions. However, further field studies are needed to understand the benefits of enriched biochar in different soils and climates.
The Diurnal March of Convective Cloudiness over the Americas

Abstract Based on nine years (1983–91) of infrared data from geostationary satellites (the B3 ISCCP product), several features of the diurnal march of the frequency of convective cloudiness over the tropical and subtropical Americas are documented with 3-h temporal resolution and 0.5° × 0.5° latitude–longitude spatial resolution. The frequency of convective cloudiness in each grid box is defined in terms of the fraction of temporal samples that exhibit cloud-top temperatures colder than 235 K. The effect of varying the threshold is explored and selected results are compared with rainfall estimates based on microwave (SSM/I) imagery. Convective cloudiness over most land areas exhibits a coherent diurnal march with relatively clear mornings, a rapid afternoon buildup, and a more gradual nighttime decay. The highest, coldest convective clouds peak a few hours earlier than those with lower tops. Morning to noontime maxima tend to be prevalent over offshore waters that experience significant convection such as.
Remote Sensing Image Change Detection Method Based on Selection of Feature Contribution

Based on the concept of information gain ratio in the decision tree algorithm,this paper has proposed a novel feature selection method using the attribute contribution.The contributions of attribute are obtained by accumulating in the category analysis.And then the feature space distance formula can be calculated using the feature contribution as weights.The feature contribution helps to reduce the dimension of the high-dimensional feature.The proposed method is tested in the remote sensing image change detection.The experimental results show that the proposed feature selection method can effectively improve the accuracy of the homologous image change detection results.
Bianchi bialgebras and WZW models

In this paper, we first calculate the non-degenerate symmetric ad-invariant metrics (Casimirs) of the Bianchi bialgebras which was obtained in the previous paper [ Ref. 1] . Then by using these metrics we present new classes of six-dimensional WZW models over Drinfeld doubles of these Bianchi bialgebras. By using of affine-Virasoro construction we calculate the central charges of Virasoro algebras of these models.
Enhancing convolution and interpolation methods for nonparametric regression

SUMMARY Following earlier work of Jones, Davies & Park (1994) we develop estimators based on convolution and interpolation methods, with the aim of reducing their variance and making them competitive with local linear smoothers. We argue that the classic convolution and interpolation approaches due to Gasser & Miller (1979) and Clark (1977) exhibit inflated variance on account of the relatively high variability of weights used in their construction. We show that, by convolving or interpolating over only a small additional number of design points, variance is reduced by a constant factor. Theoretical and numerical properties are summarised.
Agreement between observers when the categories are not specified in advance

To test the agreement between two observers who categorize a number of objects when the categories have not been specified in advance, Brennan & Light (1974) developed a statistic A′ and suggested a normal approximation for its distribution. In this paper it is shown that this approximation is inadequate particularly when one, or both, of the observers place a fairly equal number of objects in all of their categories. A chi-squared approximation to the distribution of A′ is developed and is shown to work well in a variety of situations. The relative powers of A′ and the ordinary X2 test for association are dependent on the type of ‘agreement between the observers’ that is assumed. However a simulation for a fairly general type of agreement indicates that the X2 test is more powerful. As the X2 test is also much easier to apply, it would seem preferable in most situations.
Efficient Algorithm for the Constrained Two‐dimensional Cutting Stock Problem

This paper considers the constrained two-dimensional cutting stock problem. Some properties of the problem are derived leading to the development of a new algorithm, which uses a very efficient branching strategy for the solution of this problem. This strategy enables the early rejection of partial solutions that cannot lead to optimality. Computational results are given and compared with those produced by a leading alternative method. These results show that the new algorithm is far superior in terms of the computer time needed to solve such problems.
A Parallel-Strip Line Differential Oscillator with High Suppression of Second Harmonics

In this paper, a differential oscillator using parallel-strip line (PSL) with an inserted ground plane is proposed. Its two identical sub-oscillators on the opposite sides of a dielectric substrate, sharing a common PSL resonator and common ground plane in the middle of the substrate, generate anti-phase fundamental signals and in-phase second harmonics. At the common PSL output, the second harmonics are inherently cancelled out while the fundamental signals are well combined. The combination circuits, as required by the conventional differential circuits, are no longer needed. To further enhance the suppression of the second harmonics, the inset length of the ground plane into the PSL resonator is optimized to make the second harmonics be suppressed inside each sub-oscillator.
Electromagnetics scattering from a cluster of spheres

The authors present a solution for electromagnetic scattering from a cluster of spheres by using the generalized RATMA (recursive aggregate T-matrix algorithm). Numerical simulations demonstrate that this method could easily generate an electromagnetic scattering solution for hundreds of spheres. The computational complexity of the algorithm is proportional to N/sup 2/MP/sup 2/, where N is the number of spheres and P is the number of spherical harmonics used in the expansion of the field, instead of N/sup 3/P/sup 3/ for the brute force method. <<ETX>>
Hand and Wrist Involvement in Seropositive Rheumatoid Arthritis, Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Psoriatic Arthritis—The Value of Classic Radiography

The hand and wrist are among the most common anatomical areas involved in rheumatic diseases, especially seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The purpose of this study was to identify the most differentiating radiographic characteristics of PsA, seropositive RA, and seronegative RA, particularly in the early stages. A retrospective analysis of radiographic hand findings was performed on 180 seropositive RA patients (29 males, 151 females, mean age at the point of acquisition of the analyzed radiograph of 53.4 y/o, SD 12.6), 154 PsA patients (45 males, 109 females, age median of 48.1 y/o, SD 12.4), and 36 seronegative RA patients (4 males, 32 females, age median of 53.1 y/o, SD 17.1) acquired during the period 2005–2020. Posterior–anterior and Nørgaard views were analyzed in all patients. The radiographs were evaluated for three radiographic findings: type of symmetry (asymmetric/bilateral/changes in corresponding joint compartments/‘mirror-image’ symmetry), anatomic location (e.g., wrist, metacarpophalangeal (MCP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints), and type of lesions (e.g., juxta-articular osteoporosis, bone cysts, erosions, proliferative bone changes). The study showed that symmetric distribution of lesions defined as ‘lesions present in corresponding compartments’ was more suggestive of seropositive or seronegative RA than PsA. Lesions affecting the PIP joints, wrist, or styloid process of the radius; juxta-articular osteoporosis, joint space narrowing, joint subluxations, or dislocations were more common in patients with seropositive RA than in those with PsA, whereas DIP joints’ involvement and proliferative bone changes were more likely to suggest PsA than seropositive RA. Lesions in PIP, MCP, and wrist joints, as well as erosions, advanced bone damage, joint subluxations, dislocations, and joint space narrowing, were more common in seropositive RA patients than in seronegative RA patients. The ulnar styloid was more commonly affected in seronegative RA patients than in PsA patients. The study confirmed that types of bone lesions and their distribution in the hands and wrists can be useful in differentiating seropositive RA from PsA and suggests that seronegative RA varies in radiological presentation from seropositive RA and PsA.
Field-Effect Conductance Activation Energy in Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Transistors after Bias Stress

We have bias-stressed hydrogen-passivated polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors by varying the bias condition and have measured the change in the field-effect conductance activation energy as a result of the bias stress. For stress by a high gate bias voltage, a slight broadening occurs in the activation energy curve, while stress by a low gate bias voltage gives rise to a shoulder. Numerical calculation shows that the change in activation energy is due to defect generation in the poly-Si layer and for stress by low gate voltage, defects are localized near the drain region. The energy distribution of defects cannot be obtained accurately, but its position is higher than 0.2 eV above midgap.
Dark energy from logarithmically modified gravity and deformed Coleman-Weinberg potential

Recent astrophysical measurements strongly suggest the existence of a missing energy component dubbed dark energy that is responsible for the current accelerated expansion of the universe. A new class of modified gravity theory is introduced which yields a universe accelerating in time and dominated by dark energy. The new modified gravity model constructed here concurrently includes a Gauss-Bonnet invariant term, barotropic fluid with a time-dependent equation of state parameter, a Coleman-Weinberg (CW) potential-like expression V (  ) = ξ  m ln  n and a new Einstein-Hilbert term f (R,  ) = E(  )R which depends on both the scalar curvature and the scalar field  through a generic logarithmic function E(  ) = ln  . Here m and n take different values from the standard CW potential and ξ is a real parameter. It was shown that the presence of these terms provides many useful features which are discussed in some detail.
Readability Metrics for Machine Translation in Dutch: Google vs. Azure & IBM

This paper introduces a novel method to predict when a Google translation is better than other machine translations (MT) in Dutch. Instead of considering fidelity, this approach considers fluency and readability indicators for when Google ranked best. This research explores an alternative approach in the field of quality estimation. The paper contributes by publishing a dataset with sentences from English to Dutch, with human-made classifications on a best-worst scale. Logistic regression shows a correlation between T-Scan output, such as readability measurements like lemma frequencies, and when Google translation was better than Azure and IBM. The last part of the results section shows the prediction possibilities. First by logistic regression and second by a generated automated machine learning model. Respectively, they have an accuracy of 0.59 and 0.61.
A Print-Scan Resilient Watermarking Scheme Based on the Numbers of the DCT Positive and Negative Coefficients

Copyright protection has drawn much attentions especially in the advent of computer and the internet. Illagal copying of digital multimedia has been much easier because of widely using of the modern technologies.This paper proposes a novel digital watermarking algorithm based on the numbers of the blocked middle DCT positive and negative coefficients. Embedding watermark into the middle frequency of DCT is a perfect idea and it can receive a trade-off between robustness and imperceptibility.We utilized the embedding strength to get a balance between their robustness and imperceptibility. The results show that the algorithm is robust to print and scan process.
Climatological Conditions of Lake-Effect Precipitation Events Associated with the New York State Finger Lakes

Abstract A climatological analysis was conducted of the environmental and atmospheric conditions that occurred during 125 identified lake-effect (LE) precipitation events in the New York State Finger Lakes region for the 11 winters (October–March) from 1995/96 through 2005/06. The results complement findings from an earlier study reporting on the frequency and temporal characteristics of Finger Lakes LE events that occurred as 1) isolated precipitation bands over and downwind of a lake (NYSFL events), 2) an enhancement of LE precipitation originating from Lake Ontario (LOenh events), 3) an LE precipitation band embedded within widespread synoptic precipitation (SYNOP events), or 4) a transition from one type to another. In comparison with SYNOP and LOenh events, NYSFL events developed with the 1) coldest temperatures, 2) largest lake–air temperature differences, 3) weakest wind speeds, 4) highest sea level pressure, and 5) lowest height of the stable-layer base. Several significant differences in conditio.
After Fifty Years, Why Are Protein X-ray Crystallographers Still in Business?

It has long been held that the structure of a protein is determined solely by the interactions of the atoms in the sequence of amino acids of which it is composed, and thus the stable, biologically functional conformation should be predictable by ab initio or de novo methods. However, except for small proteins, ab initio predictions have not been successful. We explain why this is the case and argue that the relationship among the different methods, models, and representations of protein structure is one of integrative pluralism. Our defence appeals to specific features of the complexity of the functional protein structure and to the partial character of representation in general. We present examples of integrative strategies in protein science. 1. Introduction 2. Partiality of Representation 3. Protein Functional Complexity 4. Modelling Protein Structure 4.1 Integrating ab initio and experimental models 4.2 Integrating multiple experimental models 5. Conclusion 1. Introduction 2. Partiality of Representation 3. Protein Functional Complexity 4. Modelling Protein Structure 4.1 Integrating ab initio and experimental models 4.2 Integrating multiple experimental models 4.1 Integrating ab initio and experimental models 4.2 Integrating multiple experimental models 5. Conclusion
DS-OCDMA encoders/decoders synthesis using fiber Bragg gratings

In this paper, we propose a numerical tool for the synthesis of DS-OCDMA Encoders/Decoders based on Fiber Bragg Gratings. The techniques of synthesizing FBG are described. In particular, we point out the layer peeling method as inverse scattering approach and a genetic algorithm approach to design DS-OCDMA Encoders/Decoders. Finally, we compare the results of the two synthesizing methods.
Space, points and mereology. On foundations of point-free Euclidean geometry

This article is devoted to the problem of ontological foundations of three-dimensional Euclidean geometry. Starting from Bertrand Russell’s intuitions concerning the sensual world we try to show that it is possible to build a foundation for pure geometry by means of the so called regions of space. It is not our intention to present mathematically developed theory, but rather demonstrate basic assumptions, tools and techniques that are used in construction of systems of point-free geometry and topology by means of mereology (resp. Boolean algebras) and Whitehead-like connection structures. We list and briefly analyze axioms for mereological structures, as well as those for connection structures. We argue that mereology is a good tool to model so called spatial relations. We also try to justify our choice of axioms for connection relation. Finally, we briefly discuss two theories: Grzegorczyk’s point-free topology and Tarski’s geometry of solids.
Efficacy Confirmation Test of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Seeds Extract Using a High-Fat Diet Mouse Model

To deal with the adverse effects associated with the use of currently available treatments for metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, there is a need to find an alternative drug compound. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds extract (BCS extract) for type 2 diabetes using a 45% Kcal-fed obese mouse model. The BCS extract at different doses (400–100 mg/kg) showed a dose-dependent improvement tendency in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hyperlipidemia, and diabetic nephropathy compared to the metformin (250 mg/kg). In particular, BCS extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg significantly inhibited the HFD-induced metabolic conditions. The oral administration of BCS extract (200 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the oxidative stress through lipid peroxidation, normalized the activity of sugar metabolism-related enzymes and the expression of genes involved in fat metabolism, and inhibited insulin resistance through glucose and fat metabolism by regulating the 5’-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression. Furthermore, BCS extract (200 mg/kg) showed renal damage improvement effects compared to the metformin (250 mg/kg). The results clearly show that BCS aqueous extract at an appropriate concentration could help in the treatment of metabolic disorders, and BCS aqueous extract can be used as a functional food for various diabetic complications, such as obesity, diabetes, and NAFLD.
Description Of A 3D Reconstruction Algorithm For Diverging X-Ray Beams

In X-ray medical imaging,the promotion of 3D display techniques imposed to improve the spatial and temporal resolution of 3D acquisition-reconstruction devices. One solution is to use a 2D X-ray detector. For one source position,the attenuation measurement of the diverging X-ray beams provides a radiography. The source trajectory defines a set of acquisitions. In terms of illposed problems, we state that a circular trajectory centred on the area to reconstruct can be a good one, provided the source remains far enough from the object. We propose a direct reconstruction algorithm based on an approximated evaluation of the 3D Radon Transform and on the use of its inversion formula. We present the numerical foundations of such a transform method.
Electromagnetic Modeling of a Spherical Phantom Head by a Dyadic Green's Function Approach

The accurate modeling of electromagnetic (EM) effects is now an increasingly important design requirement for the advancement of PCS (personal communication services). Also, possible adverse effects of EM fields, especially on the brain and the nervous system, are of increasing concern, particularly with reference to mobile transceivers held close to the head. The spherical head model, while not accurate, provides easy and reasonably effective means for the estimation of the "worst case SAR (specific absorption rate)" either through modeling or experimentation. The purpose of this work is to analyze a model based on a solution of DGF (dyadic Green's function) in spherical coordinates that will describe the field distributions inside a biological head. Numerical results from analytical expressions are computed for the problem of the spherical head model (multilayered homogeneous lossy dielectric spherical model) in close proximity to a dipole antenna and then compared with the results from the same model using the finite-difference time-domain, EMU-FDTD electromagnetic simulator. The medium is assumed to be homogeneous, isotropic, linear, nondispersive, and stationary. A critical evaluation of the method is discussed. The results presented here show that this method correlates well with other techniques.
Bursting Dwarf Galaxies: Implications for Luminosity Function, Space Density, and Cosmological Mass Density

An attempt is made to estimate the true average space density of gas-rich dwarf galaxies by comparing the luminosity and size distributions of visible dwarf irregulars with a set of simulated observations of a bursting population of galaxies on which selection effects corresponding to the real observations have been imposed. The true size distribution is assumed to be a power law f(r) proportional to r exp y. A value of y = - 4.2 + or - 0.2 gives good agreement with the observed frequency distributions of luminosity, optical radius, and angular size. The same model accounts for the observed luminosity function in the Virgo cluster. The implications of this result for the true shape of the Galaxy luminosity function and the contribution to the cosmological density are discussed. 48 references.