Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial effect of a vertical multi-faceted rib on thermal performance and flow characteristics in a square channel

A multi-faceted vertical rib has been numerically investigated using the internal flow of rib in a rectangular channel method under turbulent flow for 17,000 < Re < 27,000. The vertical rib that can be encountered inside porous media design often creates a persisting issue of high-pressure drop. The challenge frequently intensifies, mainly when a two-phase state heat transfer is introduced inside the porous media. The vertical multi-faceted rib models the various surfaces often encountered inside the porous media. The effect of blockage ratio on the flow characteristics and thermal performance is observed. The results are compared to the more conventional circular rib, equal in surface area to the multi-faceted rib. The multi-faceted rib yields a higher average Nusselt number of approximately 33% and contributes to the higher average Nusselt number of the channel. The multi-faceted rib channel has a better thermal performance factor, in average of approximately 13% higher and lower pressure drop than the circular rib channel. The advantage of the multi-faceted rib is attributed to, surprisingly, the poor flow attachment on the rib surface, which results in a low Cf/f ratio. Consequently, the multi-faceted rib suffers from very low velocity on the downstream rib surface. Ultimately, the spatial effect of the rib inside the square channel can be evaluated using the Cf/f ratio, which takes into account the rib surface and channel walls. In the quasi two-phase state, the circular rib is observed to provide a more favorable condition for latent heat transfer under extreme condition investigated.
Microscopic approach to cloud droplet growth by condensation

The goal of this work is to answer the question of whether nonuniformity in the spatial distribution of sizes and positions of cloud droplets and/or variable vertical velocity in a turbulent medium can contribute to the broadening of the droplet size distribution. A numerical approach to simulate the growth and trajectory of several tens of thousands of cloud droplets in a turbulent environment whose properties vary from droplet to droplet is used. The finite inertia of particles in a turbulent fluid causes particles to diverge from regions of high vorticity and to converge preferentially in regions of low vorticity, thus creating strong deviations in particle concentration. As a first step, the inertia effect was examined in the context of nongrowing, sedimenting, or nonsedimenting droplets. It was found that statistically significant preferential concentration is possible in conditions typical of cloud droplets in cumulus clouds. In the absence of sedimentation, preferential concentration increases as a function of the Stokes number St. Allowing the droplets to sediment decreases preferential concentration to a degree that increases with the velocity ratio Sy. A series of experiments including condensational growth of droplets was then performed. It was found that while the increasing preferential concentration of droplets, as a result of increasing eddy dissipation rate, does result in increases in the instantaneous dispersion of the supersaturation perturbation distribution, the width of the size distribution of droplets, which is a function of the dispersion in the time integral of the supersaturation perturbations, decreases. This result is a consequence of the decrease in decorrelation time of the supersaturation perturbations as the turbulence intensity increases. Comparison of the results herein with the observations made in quasi-adiabatic cloud cores leads one to the conclusion that the microscopic approach, even under the most favorable condition of no turbulence, produces too little broadening to explain the observations.
Scanning magnetic field microscope with a diamond single-spin sensor

We describe a scanning device where a single spin is used as an ultrasensitive, nanoscale magnetic field sensor. As this “probe spin” we consider a single nitrogen-vacancy defect center in a diamond nanocrystal, attached to the tip of the scanning device. Changes in the local field seen by the probe spin are detected by optically monitoring its electron paramagnetic resonance transition. The room-temperature scanning device may be useful for performing nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, and for the characterization of magnetic nanostructures down to the single atom level.
Bayesian Image Reconstruction Based on Voronoi Diagrams

We present a Bayesian Voronoi image reconstruction (VIR) technique for interferometric data. Bayesian analysis applied to the inverse problem allows us to derive the a posteriori probability of a novel parameterization of interferometric images. We use a variable Voronoi diagram as our model in place of the usual fixed-pixel grid. A quantization of the intensity field allows us to calculate the likelihood function and a priori probabilities. The Voronoi image is optimized including the number of polygons as free parameters. We apply our algorithm to deconvolve simulated interferometric data. Residuals, restored images, and χ2 values are used to compare our reconstructions with fixed-grid models. VIR has the advantage of modeling the image with few parameters, obtaining a better image from a Bayesian point of view.
Classificação de tráfego em redes móveis inteligentes usando abordagem de aprendizado de máquina

—Several recent works have demonstrated the contribution that artificial intelligence has brought to the construction of intelligent networks. In this work, we use a machine learning model to classify the ultra-reliable and low latency communication, enhanced mobile broadband, and machine-type communications traffic of a mobile network from the operational metrics obtained from the user equipment, in proximity scenarios, with and without mobility. The accuracy is used as a performance measure, having achieved results greater than 97%. We discuss the possibility of deploying this traffic classifier as a rApp, operating in the non real-time RAN intelligent controller, expected in Open RAN networks, and operating in control loops longer than 1 second.
THE LONG AND THE SHORT OF THE HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION IN GRB090926A: AN EXTERNAL SHOCK

Synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission from a reverse shock has been suggested as the origin for the high-energy component lasting 2 s in the prompt phase of GRB98080923. The model describes spectral indices, fluxes, and the duration of the high-energy component as well as a long keV tail present in the prompt phase of GRB980923. Here, we present an extension of this model to describe the high-energy emission of GRB090926A. We argue that the emission consists of two components, one with a duration less than 1 s during the prompt phase, and a second, longer-lasting GeV phase lasting hundred of seconds after the prompt phase. The short high-energy phase can be described as SSC emission from a reverse shock similar to that observed in GRB980923, while the longer component arises from the forward shock. The main assumption is that the jet is magnetized and evolves in the thick-shell case, and the calculated fluxes and break energies are all consistent with the observed values. A comparison between the resulting parameters obtained for GRB980923 and GRB090926A suggests differences in burst tails that could be attributable to the circumburst medium, and this could account for previous analyses reported in the literature for other bursts. We find that the density of the surrounding medium inferred from the observed values associated with the forward shock agrees with standard values for host galaxies such as the one associated with GRB090926A.
Line shapes of the X(3872)

If the quantum numbers of the X(3872) are J{sup PC}=1{sup ++}, the measurement of its mass implies that it is either a loosely bound hadronic molecule whose constituents are a superposition of the charm mesons pairs D*{sup 0}D{sup 0} and D{sup 0}D*{sup 0} or else it is a virtual state of these charm mesons. Its binding energy is small enough that the decay width of a constituent D*{sup 0} or D*{sup 0} has a significant effect on the line shapes of the X resonance. We develop a simple approximation to the line shapes that takes into account the effect of the D*{sup 0} width as well as inelastic scattering channels of the charm mesons. We carry out a simultaneous fit to the line shapes in the J/{psi}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} and D{sup 0}D{sup 0}{pi}{sup 0} channels measured in the decays B{sup +}{yields}K{sup +}+X by the Belle Collaboration. The best fit corresponds to the X(3872) being a bound state just below the D*{sup 0}D{sup 0} threshold, but a virtual state just above the D*{sup 0}D{sup 0} threshold is not excluded.
Rationalizing Pharmaceutical Spending

: Pharmaceutical spending accounts for a large share of health spending worldwide. While pharmaceuticals are an indispensable component of effective modern health systems, and their benefits in terms of increasing life expectancy and improving quality of life are unquestionable, the large variation in pharmaceutical spending across countries suggests that there may be large efficiency gains to be realized. This paper reviews the existing literature and databases on the level and composition of pharmaceutical spending and estimates potential efficiency gains from increased use of generics. It also reviews how countries organize the procurement and tendering of pharmaceuticals and the implications for spending. Finally, the paper identifies the various channels through which spending inefficiencies can arise and identifies reform options for reducing pharmaceutical spending while ensuring quality health outcomes. a useful example of a country that routinely uses cost-effectiveness analysis. It is recommended for countries with the capability of developing the needed sophisticated data and analysis, taking account of possible strategic behavior of manufacturers. Also, international cooperation in terms of information sharing and data generation is recommended to improve the bargaining power of governments.
Hidden parameters in open-system evolution unveiled by geometric phase

We find a class of open-system models in which individual quantum trajectories may depend on parameters that are undetermined by the full open-system evolution. This dependence is imprinted in the geometric phase associated with such trajectories and persists after averaging. Our findings indicate a potential source of ambiguity in the quantum trajectory approach to open quantum systems.
Intra-frame Based Video Compression Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN)

In principle, a video codec is built by implementing various algorithms and their development. The next generation of codecs involves more artificial intelligence applications and their development. DCNN (Deep Convolutional Neural Network) is a multi-layer NN concept with a deep learning approach in the field of artificial intelligence development. This study has proposed a DCNN with three hidden layers for intra-frame-based video compression. DCT and fractal methods were used to compare the performance of the proposed method. The training image (obtained from the average of all down-sampled frames) is divided into several square blocks using the square block shift operation until all parts of the image are fulfilled. All pixels in each block act as input data patterns. After the training process, the trained proposed DCNN was then used to construct the feature and sub-feature image obtained through the max function operation in the feature bank and sub-feature bank. These feature and sub-feature images were then a spatial redundancy minimizer with specific manipulation techniques and simultaneously a quantizer without converting the frame's pixels to a bit-stream. The result of this process is a compressed image. Experiments on the entire dataset resulted in AAPR (Average Approximate Performance Ratio) of 147.71%, or an average of 1.5 times better than other methods. For further studies, the performance improvement of the proposed DCNN is performed by modifying its structure so that the output is direct in the form of feature and sub-feature images. Another way is to combine it with the DCT or fractal method to improve the performance of the result.
Design of tunable biperiodic graphene metasurfaces

Journal article Design of tunable biperiodic graphene metasurfaces Fallahi, Arya; Perruisseau-Carrier, Julien Published in: Physical Review B (ISSN: 1098-0121), vol. 86, num. 19 College Pk: Amer Physical Soc, 2012 Periodic structures with subwavelength features are instrumental in the versatile and effective control of electromagnetic waves from radio frequencies up to optics. In this paper, we theoretically evaluate the potential applications and performance of electromagnetic metasurfaces made of periodically patterned graphene. Several graphene metasurfaces are presented, thereby demonstrating that such ultrathin surfaces can be used to dynamically control the electromagnetic wave reflection, absorption, or polarization. Indeed, owing to the graphene properties, the structure performance in terms of resonance frequencies and bandwidths changes with the variation of electrostatic bias fields. To demonstrate the applicability of the concept at different frequency ranges, the examples provided range from microwave to infrared, corresponding to graphene features with length scales of a few millimeters down to about a micrometer, respectively. The results are obtained using a full-vector semianalytical numerical technique developed to accurately model the graphene-based multilayer periodic structures under study.
Ultra-wide-field Fundus Image Synthesis Using Various GAN Models

Many people lose sight due to diabetic retinopathy. The reason that diabetic retinopathy is dangerous is that it cannot return to its pre-onset state after the disease's onset. Most patients take fundus images that capture the retina, and the doctor uses the fundus images to determine the presence of disease. Existing fundus images could only identify a narrow range, making it difficult to diagnose the disease accurately. However, with technological advances, ultra-wide-field fundus images that allow the wider retina to be seen have emerged. However, in deep learning research, many studies use existing fundus images due to the lack of new data. In the case of new technologies such as ultra-wide-field fundus images, it was often difficult to obtain data, so deep learning research could not be done properly. In the case of ultra-wide-field fundus images, research was conducted using data from hundreds to ten thousand sheets, but compared to large-scale data sets, the deep learning performance is inevitably inferior compared to large-scale data sets. In this study, synthetic data were created using ultra-wide-field fundus images and various GAN models to solve this problem. As a result of the study, BEGAN was derived similarly to the real image in qualitative and quantitative evaluation. However, it fell into mode collapse and showed the same output even when a new input came in. Mode collapse in BEGAN could be appeared depending on the amount and size of data, so various studies using BEGAN are needed.
Approaches to the Study of Institutions in Latin American Politics

BUILDING DEMOCRACY IN BRAZIL: THE POLITICS OF CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE, 1985-95. By Javier Martinez-Lara. (New York: St. Martin's, 1996. Pp. 238. $65.00 cloth.) ELECTORAL LAWS AND THE SURVIVAL OF PRESIDENTIAL DEMOCRACIES. By Mark P. Jones. (Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1995. Pp. 246. $32.95 cloth.) FEDERALISMOS LATINOAMERICANOS: MEXICO, BRASIL, ARGENTINA. Edited by Marcello Carmagnani. (Mexico City: Colegio de Mexico, 1993. Pp. 416.) THE GLOBAL RESURGENCE OF DEMOCRACY. Edited by Larry Diamond and Marc F.Plattner. (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993. Pp. 336. $50.00 cloth, $14.95 paper.) LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN LATIN AMERICA. By R. Andrew Nickson. (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 1995. Pp. 316. $49.95 cloth.) PRESIDENCIALISMO OU PARLAMENTARISMO: PERSPECTIVAS SOBRE A REORGANIZA<;Ao INSTITUCIONAL BRASILEIRA. Edited by Bolivar Lamounier and Dieter Nohlen. (Sao Paulo: Loyola, 1993. Pp. 246.) TERM LIMITS AND LEGISLATIVE REPRESENTATION. By John Carey. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. 216. $59.95 cloth.)
Genetic Diversity of Escherichia coli Coharboring mcr-1 and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases from Poultry

Background The emergence of resistance to beta-lactam agents in poultry results in multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes in Escherichia coli isolates from poultry birds. The appearance of mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes in the poultry sector has further worsened the situation. Therefore, the current study is aimed at investigating the molecular epidemiology of mcr harboring colistin-resistant E. coli among poultry. Methods The isolation and identification of colistin-resistant E. coli (CR-Ec) were done from the broiler's fecal samples through culturing using selective media supplemented with colistin sulfate (4 μg/ml). The antibiogram studies of the isolates were performed using the disc diffusion method and broth microdilution method as per CLSI guidelines. The screening for the genes conferring resistance to colistin as well as beta-lactam agents was performed by PCR. The genetic diversity of mcr-positive strains was assessed by multilocus sequencing typing (MLST). Results Out of 500 fecal samples, 7% (35/500) were found positive for the presence of colistin-resistant E. coli (CR-Ec). Among the CR-Ec isolates, 74.28% (26/35) were detected as ESBL producers carrying the blaCTX-M-1 gene in 15/35 (42.85%) isolates and blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM genes in 21/35 (60%) and 35/35 (100%) isolates, respectively. E. coli isolates were found positive for the presence of mcr-1, although none of the isolates exhibited the mcr-2 or mcr-3 genes. The MLST of CR-Ec has shown the ST1035 as the most prevalent genotype, while 82.85% (29/35) of CR-Ec strains belonged to clonal complex (CC) 131 comprising ST1035, ST131, ST1215, ST1650, and ST2279. Conclusions The findings suggest a continuous monitoring system in veterinary and clinical settings to avoid unnecessary antibiotics. Further studies are needed at the national level to help control the increasing resistance among Enterobacterales in poultry settings.
Nonlocal correlations in the star-network configuration

The concept of bilocality was introduced to study the correlations which arise in an entanglement-swapping scenario, where one has two sources which can naturally be taken to be independent. This additional constraint leads to stricter requirements than simply imposing locality, in the form of bilocality inequalities. In this work we consider a natural generalization of the bilocality scenario; namely, the star network consisting of a single central party surrounded by n edge parties, each of which shares an independent source with the center. We derive inequalities which are satisfied by all local correlations in this scenario, for the cases when the central party performs (i) two dichotomic measurements (ii) a single Bell-state measurement. We demonstrate quantum violations of these inequalities and study both the robustness to noise and to losses.
External Debt Sustainability Analysis: A Case of SAARC Countries

This study conducts the external debt sustainability analysis for the eight SAARC economies using the data from 2000 to 2013. Three types of techniques- univariate unit root tests, panel unit root tests and the cointegration tests are applied. According to the first and second type of tests results, the external debt of SAARC economies is unsustainable individually but sustainable as a whole. The results of third type of tests reveal that the external debt of the SAARC economies is unsustainable individually and wholly with some exceptions. The study deduces that the external debt of SAARC countries is unsustainable so they should exploit their domestic resources instead of going for the foreign resources and encourage saving and investment environment in their countries.
Effect of Generation of Charged Particles Fluxes by Pulsed Gas Discharge

The paper describes the effect of generation of electron and ion fluxes in a gas discharge, which offers, in particular, to the emergence of "blue jets" and "elves", observed during thunderstorms. An experimental facility modeling these phenomena is described. A possibility of generation of strong-current fluxes of electrons and ions in a straightline gas electric discharge is demonstrated.
Chemical complexity in NGC 1068

We aimed to study the chemistry of the circumnuclear molecular gas of NGC 1068, and to compare it with those of the starburst galaxies M 82 and NGC 253. Using the IRAM-30 m telescope, we observed the inner 2kpc of NGC 1068 between 86.2 GHz and 115.6 GHz. We identified 35 spectral features, corresponding to 24 different molecular species. Among them, HC3N, SO, N2H+, CH3CN, NS, 13CN, and HN13C are detected for the first time in NGC 1068. Assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), we calculated the column densities of the detected molecules, as well as the upper limits to the column densities of some undetected species. The comparison among the chemistries of NGC 1068, M 82, and NGC 253, suggests that, apart from X-rays, shocks also determine the chemistry of NGC 1068. We propose the column density ratio between CH3CCH and HC3N as a prime indicator of the imprints of starburst and AGN environments in the circumnuclear interstellar medium. This ratio is, at least, 64 times larger in M 82 than in NGC 1068, and, at least, 4 times larger in NGC 253 than in NGC, 1068. Finally, we used the UCL_CHEM and UCL_PDR chemical codes to constrain the origin of the species, as well as to test the influence of UV radiation fields and cosmic rays on the observed abundances.
By What Criteria Do We Evaluate Accounting? Some Thoughts

Accounting obviously matters . Substantial resources have been devoted to accounting activities for millennia, in different civilizations and in different economic systems, and continue to be devoted to them in the modern age. Activities consuming substantial resources do not survive over very long periods and in so many places without mattering . But how does accounting matter? A partial answer to that question is implicit or explicit in much of the modern archival accounting literature, though the question seldom is addressed in much depth in that literature. To promote some thought and discussion on this important issue, I adopt a “soft” welfare-economic framework, though scholars from other disciplines no doubt will see the world differently. In that framework, the role of accounting regimes is to increase welfare. Accounting research studies the economic logic of firm and household behavior, focusing on the integral role of an accounting regime in the economy. Consequently, major research streams in the contemporary archival literature (namely: real effects; price effects, including value relevance; and costly contracting), can be viewed in terms of what they can and cannot reveal about welfare effects. This essay provides some thoughts on the many issues that arise in implementing an economic welfare criterion. This essay is a very personal reflection on six decades of reading and participating in the accounting literature. It is based in part on keynote addresses at the 2017 MIT Asia Conference in Accounting in Hangzhou China, at the 100 th Anniversary of Accounting Conference at Temple University in 2018, at the 2018 CARE Conference, and at Aalto University, Helsinki Finland in 2019. The essay has benefited from the insightful comments of Matthias Breuer and Christian Leuz. Financial support from the University of Chicago, Booth School of Business is gratefully acknowledged.