Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Management Plan for Antarctic Specially Protected Area No . 134 CIERVA POINT AND OFFSHORE ISLANDS , DANCO COAST , ANTARCTIC PENINSULA

During the XXI Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (Christchurch 1997), the revised Management Plan for the Area was adopted in accordance with the format established by Annex V of the Madrid Protocol and as provided by Measure 3 (1997). During the XXV Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (Warsaw 2002), and once Annex V entered into force, Site of Special Scientific Interest No. 15 was re-designated, by Decision 1 (2002), as Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. 134. The Management Plan was subsequently revised and at the XXIX Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (Edinburgh, 2006), Measure 1 (2006) approved a new version of it. The Plan was again revised and the XXXVI ATCM (Brussels, 2013) approved the previous version through Measure 5 (2013), now superseded by the present version.
NSS_A_146608 907..936

Lucy Charlotte Brennan Fenella Jane Kirkham Johanna Cristine Gavlak 1Developmental Neurosciences Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; 2Department of Child Health, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; 3Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK Abstract: Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), which includes primary snoring through to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), may cause compromise of respiratory gas exchange during sleep, related to transient upper airway narrowing disrupting ventilation, and causing oxyhemoglobin desaturation and poor sleep quality. SDB is common in chronic disorders and has significant implications for health. With prevalence rates globally increasing, this condition is causing a substantial burden on health care costs. Certain populations, including people with sickle cell disease (SCD), exhibit a greater prevalence of OSAS. A review of the literature provides the available normal polysomnography and oximetry data for reference and documents the structural upper airway differences between those with and without OSAS, as well as between ethnicities and disease states. There may be differences in craniofacial development due to atypical growth trajectories or extramedullary hematopoiesis in anemias such as SCD. Studies involving MRI of the upper airway illustrated that OSAS populations tend to have a greater amount of lymphoid tissue, smaller airways, and smaller lower facial skeletons from measurements of the mandible and linear mental spine to clivus. Understanding the potential relationship between these anatomical landmarks and OSAS could help to stratify treatments, guiding choice towards those which most effectively resolve the obstruction. OSAS is relatively common in SCD populations, with hypoxia as a key manifestation, and sequelae including increased risk of stroke. Combatting any structural defects with appropriate interventions could reduce hypoxic exposure and consequently reduce the risk of comorbidities in those with SDB, warranting early treatment interventions.
Low‐Cost and Large‐Area Strain Sensors Based on Plasmonic Fano Resonances

This study presents a strain sensor based on plasmonic Fano resonances. The investigated system consists of U‐shaped aluminum nanowires that are fabricated at wafer scale with hot embossing and oblique metal evaporation. The proposed process is compatible with roll‐to‐roll manufacturing. The observed Fano resonance is very sensitive to the spacing between the wires and responds to strain with a spectral shift as well as attenuation of the resonance amplitude. This relation between nanoscopic displacement and optical properties is investigated with scanning electron microscopy and numerical simulations. Finally, a clearly visible color change from purple to green is achieved through optimization of the structural parameters, which enables colorimetric or even visual sensing and hence remote read‐out for example using a camera.
Nigerian polyherbal-based hydrotherapy: a panacea to infectious diseases

Summary A global society, including developed countries, continues to struggle with fatal diseases that are difficult to treat with Western medicine. A variety of infectious diseases have existed for ages, but in Africa they had been limited thanks to the Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS) prior to the introduction of cosmopolitan medicine. Influenza virus repression has been demonstrated by a number of herbal antivirals, yet the invaluable therapeutic potential of herbal medicine has been underestimated. Despite various reliable methods offered by Western medicine, the globally destructive COVID-19 pandemic requires a successful fight. The wisdom of African IKS used in tackling epidemics that have broken out in the past is brought to mind again. Pneumonia – a COVID-19 symptom, could be treated with polyherbal fomentation. Selected plants cultivated across Nigeria for hydrotherapy are under consideration to be used in proper doses. Given the potential associated with IKS, a multi-disciplinary approach involving experts in phytomedicine, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, plant physiology and ecology is necessary to unlock the therapeutic potential of traditional medicine.
Progress in Preparation of Graphene

Graphene has attracted much interest in recent years due to its unique and outstanding properties.Dif-ferent routes to prepare graphene have been developed and achieved.Preparation methods of graphene used in re-cent years are intensively introduced,including micromechanical cleavage,chemical vapor deposition,liquid/gas-phase-based exfoliation of graphite,epitaxial growth on an insulator,chemical reduction of exfoliated graphene oxide,etc.And their advantages and shortcomings are further discussed in detail.The preparations of graphene are also prospected.
The Chemical Composition, in Vitro Nutrient Degradation and Methane Gas Production of Tropical Grasses Preserved with Silage and Hay Methods

Six grass species (Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum purpureophoides, Sorghum sudanense, Brachiaria brizantha, Imperata cylindrica, and Panicum maximum) were harvested at 49 days and preserved as silage or as hay. Samples of silage and hay were evaluated by an in vitro gas production and in vitro nutrient degradability. Total gas production at 24 and 48 h as well as CH4 were higher (P<0.01) in silage than in hay. Brachiaria brizantha had the highest (P<0.01) gas production compared to other species, whereas P. purpureum had the highest CH4 production (mM/g organic matter degraded). Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) degradations were higher (P<0.01) in silage than hay. When compared with hay, silage had higher (P<0.01) ammonia-N concentration (20.3 vs. 10.6 mg/100 ml) and higher (P<0.05) butyric acid concentration (7.9 vs. 7.0 mM). Non-fi ber carbohydrate (NFC) and crude protein contents were positively correlated with gas production (r = 0.51; P<0.05) and CH4 production (r = 0.64; P<0.01) at 48 h of in vitro incubation. However total gas and CH4 productions were negatively correlated with neutral detergent fi ber (NDF) content. There were positive correlation between DM (r = 0.90; P<0.01), OM (r = 0.93; P<0.01), and NDF (r = 0.84; P<0.01) degradations and gas production.
Analysis on Organoleptic Quality and Nutrient Active Ingredients of Mulberry-leaf Teas Made by Different Processing Techniques

Using the processing technology for making green tea,black tea and oolong tea,mulberry leaves were used to make mulberry-leaf tea of different types,of which organoleptic quality was assessed by conventional sensory evaluation and nutritional and biological active ingredients were determined using biochemical analytical method so as to provide valuable reference for the selection of processing technology to prepare high-quality mulberry-leaf tea of different flavors.The conventional sensory evaluation showed that three types of mulberry-leaf tea made from different technologies had their own unique flavors: mulberry-leaf tea of green tea type was fragrantly sweetish with slight mulberry sentimental taste,that of oolong tea type was refreshingly pleasant with slight floral fragrance,and that of black tea type was pleasantly sweetish with a fruit flavor close to banana.The nutritional and biological active composition analysis showed that the contents of water extract,soluble sugar,amino acids and flavonoids of mulberry-leaf teas were obviously higher than those of the mulberry leaf fixation sample,while the content of polyphenols was obviously lower than that of the mulberry leaf fixation sample.The contents of soluble sugar were in the order of black tea flavorgreen tea flavoroolong tea flavor,all of which were obviously higher than those in mulberry leaf fixation sample.The contents of protein,total amino acids and 17 kinds of amino acids in mulberry-leaf teas were all higher than those in the mulberry leaf fixation sample and were the highest in mulberry-leaf tea of green tea flavor.Among the 17 amino acids existing in mulberry-leaf tea,the contents of glutamic acid and leucine were the highest.Moreover,the mulberry-leaf tea of oolong tea flavor had high contents of phenylalanine,histidine and arginine.
CMAR_A_277912 5239..5249

1Department of Surgery, Catharina Cancer Institute, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; 2Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; 3NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; 4GROW School for Oncology and Development Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands Abstract: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), often combined with systemic therapy, can be offered to selected colorectal peritoneal metastases (PM) patients. However, clinical heterogeneity and the lack of highlevel evidence challenges determination of the correct treatment strategy. This review aims to provide an overview of current strategies to predict survival of colorectal PM patients treated with CRS and HIPEC, guiding clinicians to select a suitable treatment-strategy and to inform patients about their prognosis. First, the prognostic relevance of several clinicopathological prognostic factors, such as extent of PM, location of primary tumor, histology type, and the presence of lymph node or liver metastases will be discussed. Subsequently, special attention will be given to recent developments in several aspects of tumor biology such as RAF/RAS mutations, circulating tumor DNA, immunoprofiling, and consensus molecular subtypes. Finally, currently available prognostic models to predict survival will be evaluated, concluding these models perform moderate to good, but most of them partly rely on intra-operative data. New insights in tumor biology, as well as the reliable assessment of extent of peritoneal disease by diffusion weighted MRI pose promising opportunities to establish an adequate and clinically meaningful preoperative prognostic model in the near future.
In situ nanostructure design leading to a high figure of merit in an eco-friendly stable Mg2Si0.30Sn0.70 solid solution

The relationship between the temperature and the composition as well as the microstructure of a Sb-doped Mg2Si0.30Sn0. 70 solid solution was systematically studied according to the Mg2Si–Mg2Sn pseudo-binary phase diagram. This work shows that the composition, distribution pattern, and fraction of in situ nanostructures can be controlled by the heat treatment carried out at a specific peritectic reaction temperature. A large number of in situ nanoprecipitates were observed when the sample was quenched at 900 K or 1130 K. However, quenching at 900 K resulted in the formation of agglomerates while quenching at 1130 K yielded a more even dispersion of nanoprecipitates. Monochromatic X-ray studies, back-scattering images and HRTEM results showed that the composition of the nanoprecipitates when quenched at 900 K was the Mg2Si-rich phase, while the nanostructure was the Mg2Sn-rich phase when quenched at 1130 K. The lattice thermal conductivity decreased dramatically due to the well distributed Mg2Sn-rich nanoprecipitates, and the maximum ZT of about 1.2 was achieved at around 750 K. Moreover, the average value of the figure of merit ZTaverage reached about 0.9 in the range of 300–800 K, about a 15% higher value than in the sample composed of Mg2Si-rich nano-agglomerates. This study demonstrates that carrying out heat treatments at the phase transformation temperatures is a simple and controllable method to design and form in situ nanostructures, which is of vital importance in the fabrication of nanocomposites and optimization of the thermoelectric performance.
Genome-wide Analysis Identifies Novel Gallstone-susceptibility Loci Including Genes Regulating Gastrointestinal Motility

Objective: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several risk loci for gallstone disease. As with most polygenic traits, it is likely many genetic determinants are undiscovered. The aim of this study was to identify novel genetic variants that represent new targets for gallstone research and treatment. Design: We performed a GWAS of 28,627 gallstone cases and 348,373 controls in the UK Biobank and a GWA meta-analysis (43,639 cases and 506,798 controls) with the FinnGen cohort. We assessed pathway enrichment using gene-based then gene-set analysis and tissue expression of implicated genes in Genotype-Tissue Expression project data. We constructed a polygenic risk score (PRS) and evaluated phenotypic traits associated with the score. Results: Seventy-five risk loci were identified (P<5*10-8) of which forty-six were novel. Pathway enrichment revealed associations with lipid homeostasis, glucuronidation, phospholipid metabolism and gastrointestinal motility. ANO1 and TMEM147, both in novel loci, are strongly expressed in the gallbladder and gastrointestinal tract. Both regulate gastrointestinal motility. The gallstone risk allele rs7599-A leads to suppression of hepatic TMEM147 expression suggesting the protein protects against gallstone formation. Individuals in the highest decile of the PRS demonstrated a 6-fold increased risk of gallstones compared to the lowest risk category. The PRS was strongly associated with increased body mass index, serum liver enzyme and C-reactive protein concentrations and decreased lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Conclusion: This GWAS demonstrates the polygenic nature of gallstone risk and identifies 46 novel susceptibility loci. For the first time, we implicate genes influencing gastrointestinal motility in the pathogenesis of gallstones.
A Web-based Support System for the Breast Cancer Screening Program in the Province of Luxemburg, Belgium

The Belgian Breast Cancer Screening program has been launched in 2001 according to the recommendations and quality assurance guidelines of the European Union. Women in the age range 50-69 years are invited to pass a mammography which is read by two independent radiologists. In case of discrepancy, a third reading is requested. Each reading is documented in detail. In this context, a novel Web-based computer system was designed and developed to support the program. Difficulties related to graphical data entry on Web pages were smartly resolved. A complex algorithm for comparing mammography readings has been implemented in the system, enhancing the quality of the screening program. The application has been tested in the Province of Luxemburg, a wide-spread rural region particularly suited for Internet solutions in preventive medicine. The Web-based system provides all management facilities, ubiquitous online statistics, and builds up a reservoir for official statistics and scientific research. Administrative and medical personnel have expressed their total adherence to the system, while health authorities have used it to justify their involvement in the screening program.
MicroRNA-16 regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory factor expression by targeting TLR4 in normal human bronchial epithelial cells

Acute lung injury (ALI) is mainly caused by inflammation and is associated with high mortality rates. Emerging evidence has suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) serve a significant function in ALI. However, the fundamental mechanism underlying ALI remain to be fully elucidated. Although miR-16 has been reported to be involved in the occurrence and development of a number of diseases its association with ALI has not been previously investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the role of miR-16 in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI model. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were measured by ELISA in the blood samples of rats with ALI and in the normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cell line. The role of miR-16 in inflammation was evaluated using gene overexpression and silencing experiments in NHBE cells by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. In addition, the expression levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were also determined using ELISA. The potential interaction between miR-16 and TLR4 was assessed using bioinformatics analysis by the TargetScan database and then verified in 293T cells using luciferase reporter assay. The expression of miR-16 was notably decreased in the lung tissues of rats with LPS-induced ALI compared with the PBS treated-group. Additionally, the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were reduced following transfection of NHBE cells with miR-16 mimics compared with those in the miR-negative control group. Western blot analysis revealed that miR-16 overexpression could downregulate TLR4 expression in NHBE cells compared with that in the miR-NC group. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that TLR4 may be directly targeted by miR-16. The effect of miR-16 on TLR4 was rescued in NHBE cells following treatment with LPS. Overall, these aforementioned findings suggest that miR-16 may serve a protective role against LPS-mediated inflammatory responses in NHBE cells by regulating TLR4, where this mechanism may be considered to be a novel approach for treating ALI in the future.
Microgel Size Modulation by Electrochemical Switching

In this work we present the first e-microgel, whose size can be adjusted by application of an electrochemical potential, as seen by dynamic light scattering (3D-DLS in dependence of equilibrium potential) and scanning force microscopy (SFM). Hereby, polyelectrolyte microgels with attracted electroactive counterions provide an effective platform for the manipulation of the microgel size by electrochemical means. The reversible switching of guest molecules, namely, hexacyanoferrates, between oxidized ferricyanide [Fe(CN)6]3– and reduced ferrocyanide [Fe(CN)6]4–, influences the cationic host microgel, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride) P(NIPAM-co-MAPTAC), and hence the swelling properties of the microgel. The combination of thermo- and redox-responsiveness in one particle leads to a novel type of multistimuli responsive material. In addition, the use of hydrodynamic voltammetry detects directly the preferred uptake of ferricyanide and enables the determination of th.
Less Income Inequality and More Growth – Are they Compatible? Part 4. Top Incomes

Over the past decades, top incomes have soared, especially in the English-speaking countries. Despite a considerable amount of research on top income developments, there is still substantial disagreement about the causes for their rapid increase. Potential explanations include changes in taxation, technical progress, globalisation and changes in way the remuneration of top income recipients is set.
One‐Pot Aqueous Synthesis of Highly Biocompatible Near Infrared CuInS2 Quantum Dots for Target Cell Imaging

In this study, we report a novel and facile autoclave strategy for synthesis of near-infrared (NIR) CuInS2 QDs by employing glutathione (GSH) as capping ligand and stabilizer in aqueous media under 100°C. Various experimental parameters including the ratio of precursors, reaction time, reaction temperature, pH effect and stability have been systematically studied. The QDs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The as-synthesized NIR QDs exhibited low cytotoxicity and maintained excellent cell viability even up to 100 µg/mL. After bioconjugation with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide, the obtained CuInS2-RGD QDs have demonstrated high targeting ability with good fluorescence cell imaging performance.
Flexible high performance hybrid AZO/Ag-nanowire/AZO sandwich structured transparent conductors for flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cell applications

We report on the fabrication of a robust and flexible transparent electrode to replace costly and fragile indium tin oxide (ITO) used in flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells, composed of an aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO)/Ag-nanowires/aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) (AAA herein) sandwich structure. The Ag-NWs networks form low-resistance, long-range pathways throughout the electrode that are able to maintain efficient charge carrier collection and extraction after strenuous mechanical bending. The improved durability of the AAA electrode enables our CIGS solar cells to maintain ∼95% of their initial power conversion efficiency, following 1000 bending cycles. In comparison, devices fabricated using AZO and ITO electrodes are only able to maintain ∼57 and ∼5%, respectively, due to crack formation and delamination of the films. This AAA sandwich structure electrode could therefore serve as a high-performance electrode for numerous flexible optoelectronic applications.
STUDIES INTO THE EFFECT OF TORREFACTION ON GASIFICATION OF BIOMASS

x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS USED . xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background . 1 1.2 Gasification Process . 4 1.3 Biomass as a Feedstock . 6 1.3. 1 Feedstock Properties. 7 1.4 Problem Statement . 10 1.5 Objectives of the Thesis . 11 1.6 Outline of the Thesis . 11 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 13 2.1 Torrefaction Process. 14 2.2 Torrefied Biomass Gasification . 18 2.2.1 Effect of Temperature on Gasification . 21 2.2.2 Torrefied Biomass Feeding . 21 2.2.3 SteamBiomass (S/B) Ratio . 23 2.3 Tar Reduction through Torrefaction . 23 2.4 Torrefied Biomass Porosity Effect on Gasification . 26