Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Converging circuits between pain and depression: the ventral tegmental area as a therapeutic hub

Chronic pain and depression are highly prevalent pathologies and cause a major socioeconomic burden to society. Chronic pain affects the emotional state of the individuals suffering from it, while depression worsens the prognosis of chronic pain patients and may diminish the effectiveness of pain treatments. There is a high comorbidity rate between both pathologies, which might share overlapping mechanisms. This review explores the evidence pinpointing a role for the ventral tegmental area (VTA) as a hub where both pain and emotional processing might converge. In addition, the feasibility of using the VTA as a possible therapeutic target is discussed. The role of the VTA, and the dopaminergic system in general, is highly studied in mood disorders, especially in deficits in reward-processing and motivation. Conversely, the VTA is less regarded where it concerns the study of central mechanisms of pain and its mood-associated consequences. Here, we first outline the brain circuits involving central processing of pain and mood disorders, focusing on the often-understudied role of the dopaminergic system and the VTA. Next, we highlight the state-of-the-art findings supporting the emergence of the VTA as a link where both pathways converge. Thus, we envision a promising part for the VTA as a putative target for innovative therapeutic approaches to treat chronic pain and its effects on mood. Finally, we emphasize the urge to develop and use animal models where both pain and depression-like symptoms are considered in conjunction.
Inversion of traveltime data under a statistical model for seismic velocities and layer interfaces

We invert large-aperture seismic reflection and refraction data from a geologically complex area on the northeast Atlantic margin to jointly estimate seismic velocities and depths of major interfaces. Our approach combines this geophysical data information with prior information on seismic compressional velocities and the structural interpretation of seismic sections. We constrain expected seismic velocities in the prior model using information from well logs from a nearby area. The layered structure and prior positions of the interfaces follow information from the seismic section obtained by processing the short offsets. Instead of using a conventional regularization technique to smooth the interface-velocity model, we describe the spatial correlation of interfaces and velocities with a geostatistical model, using a multivariate Gaussian probability density function. We impose a covariance function on the velocity field in each layer and on each interface in the model to control the smoothness of the solution. The inversion is performed by minimizing an objective function with two terms, one term measuring traveltime residuals and the other measuring the fit to the statistical model. We calculate the posterior uncertainties and evaluate the relative influence of data and the prior model on estimated interface depths and seismic velocities. The method results in the estimation of velocity and interface geometry beneath a basaltic sill system down to 7 km depth. This method aims to enhance the interpretation process by combining multidisciplinary information in a quantitative model-based approach.
Optical modeling and characterization of bifacial SiNx/AlOx dielectric layers for surface passivation and antireflection in PERC

In this research, we analyzed the impact that the optical characteristics of dielectric surface passivation and antireflection coating schemes have on the performance of passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) silicon solar cells. We employed wafer ray tracer (WRT) and automate for simulation of heterostructure (AFORS‐HET) simulations, as well as experimental characterization of fabricated thin film coatings. We investigated three distinct front surface morphologies: planar surface, upright pyramids, and inverted pyramids. Using WRT, we calculated the photogeneration current densities (JG) for PERC devices with three schemes: (i) SiNx/AlOx as antireflection coating and passivation stacks on both the front and rear sides, (ii) SiNx antireflection coating on the front side and AlOx passivation layer on the rear side, and (iii) SiNx/AlOx as antireflection coating and passivation stacks on the front side with an AlOx passivation layer on the rear side. Following simulation with optimal JG, two schemes are experimentally evaluated: PECVD SiNx (70 nm) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) AlOx (15 and 25 nm). We confirmed the growth effects and optical properties using X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, effective lifetime, and refractive index measurements. The most favorable electrical properties were obtained with SiNx (70 nm, front) and AlOx (25 nm, front and rear), where the AlOx can be deposited via ALD bifacially on a single step, minimizing processing while maintaining passivation performance. Finally, we used AFORS‐HET to simulate the maximum performance of PERC bearing such films. The results showed a Voc = 0.688 V, Jsc = 41.42 mA/cm2, FF = 84%, and packing conversion efficiency (PCE) = 24.12% as the optimal solar cell performance values.
Correlation of Body Composition and Quality of Life in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

Background: Due to the occurrence of hemodialysis, the life expectancy of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients is lengthening. However, their quality of life (QoL) is decreasing. The QoL of ESRD patients is composed of physical component score (PCS), mental component score (MCS), and kidney-related component score (KDCS) components. Nutritional status is one of the influencing factors of QoL. It is unclear whether free fat mass (FFM) or fat mass contributes to the increase of QoL in ESRD patients. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the correlation between FFM percentage and the QoL of ESRD patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Hemodialysis Unit, Division of Kidney and Hypertension, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta from June to July 2018. In this study, 102 subjects were included. Blood samples were collected for laboratory examination. FFM percentage was measured using bioimpedance analysis (BIA). Meanwhile, QoL was evaluated using KDQOL SF-36 version 1.3. Statistical analysis was done using Pearson correlation test. Analysis of QoL was done based on fat percentage using ANOVA test. Results: In this study, the overall KDQOL score was 47.86 ± 6.56 with PCS 40.97 ± 9.66, MCS 46.6 (22.05 - 59.95), and KDCS 55.98 ± 9.02. FFM percentage was 74.21 ± 1% with mean mass of 43.06 ± 8.16 kg. Statistical analysis showed no correlation between FFM percentage and overall KDQOL score (r 0.032, P 0.750). However, there was a significant correlation between PCS and FFM (r 0.223, P 0.024). Conclusions: There is a weak positive correlation between FFM in kg and the physical quality of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients.
The Ecology of Open-Bay Bottoms of Texas: A Community Profile,

Abstract : Open-bay bottoms represent one of the most extensive habitats in any estuarine system, and while other habitats such as salt marshes and seagrass beds are important and are discussed relative to the open-bay bottoms systems, most of the attention is given to the benthic communities that exist in the unvegetated subtidal bottoms. Like the intertidal flats described by Peterson and Peterson (1979), the open-bay bottoms are also open systems and interact strongly with ocean waters through the tidal inlet, with marshes and intertidal flats on the periphery of the estuary, and with riverine systems where they enter the estuary. Thus, these systems are included and discussed herein to the extent they are needed to explain processes occurring within the open bay.
The social equity and the spatial accessibility of general hospitals in big Chinese cities: an exploration based on different income groups and transportation modes in Shenzhen

Abstract Objectives: The rational planning and allocation of hospitals significantly improve residents’ health and quality of life. However, the unequal allocation of medical resources remains a significant issue in large Chinese cities. This study investigated the disparities in access to health care among different social groups in Shenzhen and explored the discrepancy in equity and its influencing mechanisms. Methods: The population was divided into 5 social groups based on housing prices: high-income, middle-high income, middle-income, middle-low income, and low-income. The actual travel times of residential neighborhoods and general hospitals under both driving and public transportation were accessed through the application programming interface Amap, a mapping technology application. The accessibility of general hospitals was calculated by the Gaussian-based 2-step floating catchment area method. The Gini coefficient was used to further investigate the equity in medical facility services. Results: Accessibility to first and second-level hospitals was adequate for the high-income group. However, a significant spatial mismatch in the allocation of hospitals was identified for the middle-low income and low-income groups, especially those reliant on public transportation. Conclusions: This study reveals an inequitable allocation of hospitals, with driving accessibility generally superior to public transport accessibility in Shenzhen, and a significant spatial mismatch for middle-low income and low-income groups. This study suggests optimizing public transportation around hospitals and middle-low income or low-income neighborhoods through urban planning to improve the accessibility of public service facilities for middle-low income and low-income households, thereby promoting more health equity.
The effect of 1.9 and 1.4 Ga impact events on 4.3 Ga zircon and phosphate from an Apollo 15 melt breccia

Zircon and phosphate grains from matrix and quartz‐monzodiorite (QMD) clasts in two thin sections of Apollo 15 impact melt breccia 15405 were investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and ion microprobe U‐Pb analyses. U‐Pb results for zircon grains with well‐defined cathodoluminescence zoning define the primary (i.e., magmatic) crystallization age as 4330 ± 6 Ma (2σ). One zircon consists of a preserved inner part surrounded by a porous polycrystalline (“granular”) mixture of zircon and baddeleyite, indicating incomplete reaction of the zircon with melt. Previous work showed that this microstructure could form at pressures above 60 GPa and a temperature close to ~1700°C and is evidence of an impact‐related melting event. The U‐Pb system of this grain indicates a resetting event at 1940 ± 10 Ma, interpreted as the age of this impact (impact #1). Other zircon and phosphate grains also have disturbed U‐Pb systems, showing an even younger reset event (impact #2) at 1407 ± 57 Ma. Evidence of impact is supported by microstructures of zircon and baddeleyite such as secondary rims. These impacts are tentatively identified as those having formed Autolycus and Aristillius craters.
Peri-papillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness profile in subjects with myopia measured using optical coherence tomography

Aims: To evaluate the effect of myopia on peri-papillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in various quadrants and clock hour positions. Also, to evaluate the effect of myopia on the location of superotemporal and inferotemporal peak positions of peri-papillary RNFL. Setting and Design: Observational cross-sectional study from November 2011 to March 2013. Myopic patients between age group of 20-30 years were evaluated by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Materials and Methods: Myopic eyes were classified into three groups based on refractive error - Group 1: myopia up to 3 D (Diopter, D), Group 2: myopia of 3-6 D, and Group 3: Myopia > 6 D. OCT scan was done to measure peri-papillary RNFL and to locate superotemporal and inferotemporal peak positions. Statistical Analysis Used: Data was analyzed using one way ANOVA and post hoc analysis using Tukey's test. Results and Conclusion: A total of 118 myopic eyes were evaluated. Eyes in Group 3 show significant thinning in 360 degree average RNFL thickness and in all quadrants except temporal as compared to Group 1 and 2. Correspondingly, in eyes with myopia > 6 D (as compared to Group 1 and 2), decrease in RNFL thickness is seen in all clock hour positions except 4, 8, 9, and 10. Also, in high myopia (>6 D), there is a significant shift in inferotemporal RNFL peak to temporal side while no significant change is noticed in superotemporal RNFL peak when compared to Groups 1 and 2. No significant difference was noted between Groups 1 and 2 in RNFL thickness profile and RNFL peak positions. While analyzing RNFL thickness in subjects with highly myopic eyes, this difference in topographic profile of RNFL thickness should be taken into consideration.
A Perovskite Photovoltaic Mini-Module-CsPbBr3 Photoelectrochemical Cell Tandem Device for Solar-Driven Degradation of Organic Compounds

Recently, halide perovskites have been widely explored for high-efficiency photocatalysis or photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells. Here, in order to make an efficient photoanode electrode for the degradation of pollutants, concretely 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), nanoscale cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite was directly formed on the surface of mesoporous titanium dioxide (meso-TiO2) film using a two-step spin-coating process. This photoelectrode recorded a photocurrent of up to 3.02 ± 0.03 mA/cm2 under standard AM 1.5G (100 mW/cm2) illumination through an optimization process such as introducing a thin aluminum oxide (Al2O3) coating layer. Furthermore, to supply high voltage for efficient oxidation of MBT without an external bias, we developed a new photovoltaic/PEC tandem system using a methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) based mini-module consisting of three solar cells interconnected in series and confirmed its successful operation. This approach looks very promising due to its applicability to various PEC reactions.
Community Water Fluoridation and Rate of Pediatric Fractures

Background: The effect of community water fluoridation on bone fragility and fracture has been inconclusive in the literature. The null hypothesis of this study was that no association was observed between water fluoride level and risk of fracture in children. Methods: Community fluoridation data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention while data on fracture rates were obtained from the PearlDiver database. The rate of fracture type for each state was then compared with state-level fluoridation data using Pearson correlation coefficients and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Results: Positive correlations were found between the percentage of state water fluoridation and fracture rates for both bone forearm fracture (BBFFx) and femur fracture. Fluoride levels had positive correlations with fracture rates for all fracture types. Increased fracture rates were found between states in the highest quartiles of percentage of state water fluoridation and fluoride water levels for supracondylar humerus fracture and BBFFx. Conclusions: A higher level of water fluoridation was associated with higher rates of supracondylar humerus fracture and BBFFx in children aged 4 to 10 years. These findings do not imply causality, but they suggest that additional investigation into the effect of fluoride on pediatric bone health may be indicated.
ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI AKIBAT PENCEMARAN TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN AKHIR SAMPAH BATU BOLA DAN KARAKTERISTIK SERTAKELUHAN KESEHATAN PENGGUNA AIR SUNGAI BATANG AYUMI DI KOTA PADANGSIDIMPUAN TAHUN 2012

Analysis of river water quality due to Batu Bola landfill pollution and characteristics with health of Batang Ayumi river users in Padangsidimpuan city . Batang Ayumi river which located in Batunadua village, district Batunadua, Padangsidimpuan city, has been polluted by Batu Bola landfills, according to government regulation No.82 of 2001 concerning about the Management of Water Quality and Water Pollution Control. This study is a descriptive survey, which is to know about the physical pollution (TDS) and chemical pollution (BOD, COD and Phosphate) in Batang Ayumi river, taken from 10 points whitin 50 meters, and river users health problems were conducted in 2012. Object of this research is the river. Batu Bola landfills and mix between the outlet and river water are the comparison samples in the lab. The result of this research showed the contamination of TDS and BOD in all samples, but only a few samples indicated COD and Phosphate contamination from all the samples studied. The highest result is the landfill outlet, which is TDS 3140 mg/l, BOD 31,63 mg/l, COD 87,8 mg/l and Phosphate 0,5 mg/l. The result of interview show that there is many people who suffer skin desease and eye desease. Local government is advised to give more attention to the Batu Bola landfills so that people are safer in using the river water for their daily needs, because many people are still dependent on Batang Ayumi river. Key words : River water, Pollution, Trash, Desease
An Interactive E-learning Platform-Based Training to Improve Intensive Care Professionals' Knowledge Regarding Central Venous Catheter-Related Infections

Introduction The presence of a central venous catheter (CVC) leads to a high risk for blood infections, which are associated with increases in morbidity, mortality, and costs. This study aims to assess intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' and physicians' knowledge regarding the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for preventing CVC-related infections before and after an interactive distance education delivered through the e-learning platform Teleprometheus. Materials and methods The study was conducted among 85 nurses and physicians in Nicosia's General Hospital Intensive Care Unit (NGH-ICU) and high dependency unit (HDU). A validated questionnaire was used to assess nurses' and physicians' knowledge. Results Prior to the online interactive distance education, the mean total knowledge score was x̄ = 4.8 (SD = 2.46), while after, the mean total knowledge score increased to x̄ = 8.9 (SD = 2.38) (p<0.001). ICU physicians had a higher mean total knowledge score (x̄ = 10.20) than ICU nurses (x̄ = 8.75) after the intervention. There was no correlation between years of experience in the ICU and the level of knowledge (r = 0.048). The interactive distance education was positively evaluated by the participants, through a questionnaire, specially designed for this study. Discussion The most important findings were that (a) the level of knowledge of the participants improved with a statistically significant difference after the completion of the e-course, (b) the level of knowledge of the participants, after the completion of the e-course, was much higher from other studies, (c) there was no correlation between the years of experience of ICU health professionals and their level of knowledge, and (d) the interactive distance e-course was positively evaluated and satisfied the participants. Conclusion The current study demonstrates that in high-intensity work environments, such as ICUs, adopting e-learning approaches seems more necessary than ever.
Mass transfer correlations for nonaqueous phase liquid dissolution from regions with high initial saturations

The application of existing correlations for nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) dissolution, which were developed in small, one‐dimensional columns, to larger‐scale, heterogeneous or multidimensional systems has shown the predicted dissolution behavior depends greatly on the correlation used. Variation among existing correlations is due to the system scale, NAPL‐water interfacial area, and the nature of mass transfer or hydrodynamic mechanisms that are lumped in the correlation. In this paper, new mass transfer correlation is developed using NAPL dissolution data from a small 2‐D experimental cell that contained a well‐characterized heterogeneous distribution of grain sizes. The new correlation can be used for quantifying NAPL dissolution rates over a wide range of NAPL saturations and aqueous phase velocities within the NAPL source zone. When incorporated in a finite difference transport model, the correlation provides reasonably good predictions for systems with initially high NAPL saturations that are then reduced through the dissolution process. It is shown that NAPL dissolution is slower in this case due to the larger amorphous blobs that result from preferential flow and dissolution pathways. These large blobs have significantly less surface area in comparison with small discrete blobs that result from capillary entrapment. In comparison with other published dissolution correlations, the slower mass transfer rate is characterized with a significantly higher exponent on the NAPL saturation term.
The impact of insolation, greenhouse gas forcing and ocean circulation changes on glacial inception

In this study we employ the NCAR CCSM3 coupled model to investigate the onset of high northern latitude perennial snow cover. Two periods of Earth’s insolation history, that of the pre-industrial period and that of 116 ka before present (BP), are used as benchmarks in an investigation of the influences of interglacial greenhouse gas (GHG) concentration and insolation upon the occurrence of permanent summer snow cover. An additional two experiments at 10 ka and 51 ka into the future (AP) using a typical interglacial GHG level are used to investigate the length of the current interglacial. Results from this set of multicentury sensitivity experiments demonstrate the relative importance of forcings due to insolation and atmospheric greenhouse gases at the millennial scale, and of Atlantic ocean overturning strength (AMOC) at the century scale. We find that while areas of perennial snow cover are sensitive to GHG concentrations, they are much more sensitive to the contemporaneous insolation regime. The goodness of fit of the climatology of the control model to the modern observed climatology is found to influence the modeling results. While there is a strong correlation between AMOC decadal variability and high latitude surface temperature in our control climates, we find little change in AMOC strength during our simulations of 116 ka BP climate nor do we find significant correlation between high latitude snow accumulation and the AMOC. Both the 10 ka AP and 51 ka AP future simulations produce inception events which are much stronger than that of the equivalent pre-industrial simulation. The simulation of inception at 10 ka into the future suggests a maximum duration of the current interglacial of approximately 20 ka in the absence of modern anthropogenic forcing.