Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiplexed fibre Fizeau interferometer and fibre Bragg grating sensor system for simultaneous measurement of quasi-static strain and temperature using discrete wavelet transform

We present a multiplexed fibre Fizeau interferometer (FFI) and fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensor system for simultaneous measurement of quasi-static strain and temperature. A combined spatial-frequency and wavelength- division multiplexing scheme is employed to multiplex the FFI and FBG sensors. A demodulation technique based on the discrete wavelet transform with signal processing enhancements is used to determine the measurand- induced physical changes of the sensors. The noise associated with the sensor signal is reduced by the block-level-thresholding wavelet denoising method, which is applied via the demodulation technique. This sensor system yields a high accuracy and resolution, and low crosstalk. It is well suited for long-term quasi-static measurements, especially for the structural health monitoring of large-scale structures.
Integration of Liver Glycogen and Triglyceride NMR Isotopomer Analyses Provides a Comprehensive Coverage of Hepatic Glucose and Fructose Metabolism

Dietary glucose and fructose are both efficiently assimilated by the liver but a comprehensive measurement of this process starting from their conversion to sugar phosphates, involvement of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and conversion to glycogen and lipid storage products, remains incomplete. Mice were fed a chow diet supplemented with 35 g/100 mL drinking water of a 55/45 fructose/glucose mixture for 18 weeks. On the final night, the sugar mixture was enriched with either [U-13C]glucose or [U-13C]fructose, and deuterated water (2H2O) was also administered. 13C-isotopomers representing newly synthesized hepatic glucose-6-phosphate (glucose-6-P), glycerol-3-phosphate, and lipogenic acetyl-CoA were quantified by 2H and 13C NMR analysis of post-mortem liver glycogen and triglyceride. These data were applied to a metabolic model covering glucose-6-P, PPP, triose-P, and de novo lipogenesis (DNL) fluxes. The glucose supplement was converted to glucose-6-P via the direct pathway, while the fructose supplement was metabolized by the liver to gluconeogenic triose-P via fructokinase–aldolase–triokinase. Glucose-6-P from all carbohydrate sources accounted for 40–60% of lipogenic acetyl-CoA and 10–12% was oxidized by the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). The yield of NADPH from PPP flux accounted for a minority (~30%) of the total DNL requirement. In conclusion, this approach integrates measurements of glucose-6-P, PPP, and DNL fluxes to provide a holistic and informative assessment of hepatic glucose and fructose metabolism.
Nonlinear magnetic reconnection with collisionless dissipation

An analytical model of two‐dimensional collisionless reconnection in an X‐type magnetic geometry is presented. The conversion of magnetic energy to the kinetic energy of accelerated ions takes place in the vicinity of the neutral line. The structure of this dissipation region and the magnetic energy release rate have been investigated both for linear and nonlinear regimes of collisionless reconnection. A simple model of global reconnection flow has been constructed, assuming an incompressible ideal magnetohydrodynamics approximation outside the dissipation region. The corresponding scaling for the external Mach number (Me) is found, which predicts a maximum reconnection rate Me=1/2Rm −1/2, where Rm≊(Le/λi)2≫1 is the effective magnetic Reynolds number for collisionless reconnection (Le is the global size of the system and λi is the ion inertial skin depth).
The weight-two hodge structure of moduli spaces of sheaves on A K3 surface

We prove that the weight-two Hodge structure of mod- uli spaces of torsion-free sheaves on a K3 surface is as described by Mukai (the rank is arbitrary but we assume the first Chern class is primitive). We prove the moduli space is an irreducible symplectic variety (by Mukai's work it was known to be symplectic). By work of Beauville, this implies that its H 2 has a canonical integral non- degenerate quadratic form; Mukai's recepee for H 2 includes a descrip- tion of Beauville's quadratic form. As an application we compute higher-rank Donaldson polynomials of K3 surfaces. Recently Jun Li (Li1,Li2) determined the stable rational Hodge structure on the n-th cohomol- ogy, for n ≤ 2, of moduli spaces of rank-two torsion-free sheaves on an arbitrary projective surface (stable means: for large enough dimension of the moduli space). It seems worthwile to study in greater detail the integral Hodge structure of these moduli spaces: in this paper we consider the case of a K3 surface. Mukai (M1,M2,M3) studied extensively moduli of sheaves on a K3: in (M2) he determined the Hodge structure of two-dimensional moduli spaces, and in (M3, Th. (5.15)) there is a beautiful description of the weight-two Hodge structure when the rank is at most two, and the dimension of the moduli space is greater than two. In this paper we prove that Mukai's description of H 2 is valid in arbitrary rank. (But notice that we assume the first Chern class is primitive.) Statement of the results. Let S be a projective K3 surface. The Mukai lattice (M2, § 2) consists of H ∗ (S;Z) endowed with the symmetric bilinear form h α, βi := − Z S α ∗ ∧ β , (1) where for α = α 0 + α 1 + α 2 ∈ H ∗ (S), with α i ∈ H 2i (S), we let α ∗ := α 0 − α 1 + α 2 . Setting F 0 H ∗ (S) := H ∗ (S), F 1 H ∗ (S) := H 0 (S) ⊕ F 1 H 2 (S) ⊕ H 4 (S), F 2 H ∗ (S) := F 2 H 2 (S) , (H ∗ (S;Z), F • ) becomes a weight-two Hodge structure, with the additional datum of Mukai's quadratic form defined above. If F is a sheaf on S, following Mukai we set
Identification of Kinetic Abnormalities in Male Patients after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency Combined with Meniscal Injury: A Musculoskeletal Model Study of Lower Limbs during Jogging

There is little known about kinetic changes in anterior cruciate ligament deficiency (ACLD) combined with meniscal tears during jogging. Therefore, 29 male patients with injured ACLs and 15 healthy male volunteers were recruited for this study to investigate kinetic abnormalities in male patients after ACL deficiency combined with a meniscal injury during jogging. Based on experimental data measured by an optical tracking system, a subject-specific musculoskeletal model was employed to estimate the tibiofemoral joint kinetics during jogging. Between-limb and interpatient differences were compared by the analysis of variance. The results showed that decreased knee joint forces and moments of both legs in ACLD patients were detected during the stance phase compared to the control group. Meanwhile, compared with ACLD knees, significantly fewer contact forces and flexion moments in ACLD combined with lateral and medial meniscal injury groups were found at the mid-stance, and ACLD with medial meniscal injury group showed a lower axial moment in the loading response (p < 0.05). In conclusion, ACLD knees exhibit reduced tibiofemoral joint forces and moments during jogging when compared with control knees. A combination of meniscus injuries in the ACLD-affected side exhibited abnormal kinetic alterations at the loading response and mid-stance phase.
Multidimensional Borg–Levinson theorem

We consider the inverse problem of the reconstruction of a Schrödinger operator on an unknown Riemannian manifold or a domain of Euclidean space. The data used are a part of the boundary Σ and the eigenvalues corresponding to a set of impedances in the Robin boundary condition which vary on Σ. The proof is based on the analysis of the behaviour of the eigenfunctions on the boundary as well as the perturbation theory of eigenvalues. These reduces the problem to an inverse boundary spectral problem solved by the boundary control method.
Singular perturbation of manifold-valued maps with anisotropic energy

We study minimizers of a family of functionals $E_\varepsilon$ indexed by a characteristic length scale $\varepsilon$, whose formal limit is $E_\star(u)=\int W(\nabla u)$ for $u$ taking values into a manifold, where $W$ is a positive definite quadratic form: minimizers of $E_\star$ are $W$-harmonic maps -- classical harmonic maps correspond to the isotropic case $W(\nabla u)=\vert\nabla u\vert^2$. We show that the convergence of minimizers of $E_\varepsilon$ to $W$-harmonic maps is locally uniform outside a singular set. We treat general energies, covering in particular the 3D Landau-de Gennes model for liquid crystals, with three distinct elastic constants. In the isotropic case, similar results are standard and rely on three ingredients: a monotonicity formula for the scale-invariant energy on small balls, a uniform pointwise bound, and a Bochner equation for the energy density. In the level of generality we consider in this work, all of these ingredients are absent and we have to use a very different strategy. Finding ways around the lack of monotonicity formula is particularly interesting, since this issue is why optimal estimates on the singular set of $W$-harmonic maps constitute an open problem. Our novel argument relies on showing appropriate decay for the energy on small balls, separately at scales smaller and larger than $\varepsilon$: the former is obtained from the regularity of solutions to elliptic systems while the latter is inherited from the regularity of $W$-harmonic maps. This also allows us to handle physically relevant boundary conditions for which, even in the isotropic case, uniform convergence up to the boundary was open.
Borate-Based Compounds as Mixed Polyanion Cathode Materials for Advanced Batteries

Rational design of new and cost-effective advanced batteries for the intended scale of application is concurrent with cathode materials development. Foundational knowledge of cathode materials’ processing–structure–properties–performance relationship is integral. In this review, we provide an overview of borate-based compounds as possible mixed polyanion cathode materials in organic electrolyte metal-ion batteries. A recapitulation of lithium-ion battery (LIB) cathode materials development provides that rationale. The combined method of data mining and high-throughput ab initio computing was briefly discussed to derive how carbonate-based compounds in sidorenkite structure were suggested. Borate-based compounds, albeit just close to stability (viz., <30 meV at−1), offer tunability and versatility and hence, potential effectivity as polyanion cathodes due to (1) diverse structures which can host alkali metal intercalation; (2) the low weight of borate relative to mature polyanion families which can translate to higher theoretical capacity; and a (3) rich chemistry which can alter the inductive effect on earth-abundant transition metals (e.g., Ni and Fe), potentially improving the open-circuit voltage (OCV) of the cell. This review paper provides a reference on the structures, properties, and synthesis routes of known borate-based compounds [viz., borophosphate (BPO), borosilicate (BSiO), and borosulfate (BSO)], as these borate-based compounds are untapped despite their potential for mixed polyanion cathode materials for advanced batteries.
Nanosecond exciton recombination dynamics in colloidal CdSe quantum dots under ambient conditions

In solution, CdSe quantum dot exciton recombination is composed of an intrinsic band edge exciton decay and a photoinduced charged exciton, which produces the observation of biexponential decay dynamics. The nearly identical radiative lifetimes of both intrinsic and extrinsic decays scale with the cube of the size, and the nonradiative rate for the intrinsic decay follows the energy gap law, while the charged exciton exhibits strong lattice perturbations arising from Frolich coupling to optical phonons. The charged exciton, which arises from recombination in a particle that has a photo-induced trapped carrier has a temporally resolved Stark shift of ∼20 meV.
One arc-minute resolution maps of the Orion Nebula at 20, 50, and 100 microns

The central 5' of the Orion Nebula has been mapped with 1' resolution at 50 . mu. and 100 . mu. , using the NASA 91 cm Airborne Infrared Telescope; a new 20 . mu. map with similar resolution is presented as well. At all three wavelengths a pronounced maximum in the surface brightness is observed at the infrared cluster, where the total 10 to 1000 . mu. luminosity into a 1' beam is approx.7 x 10/sup 4/ L/sub sun/. The spatial and temperature resolution of these data allow us to reach the following conclusions about the nature of the far-infrared emission from this source: The total luminosity of the infrared cluster is in excess of 1.2 x 10/sup 5/ L/sub sun/. Heating by both the infrared cluster and the Trapezium stars is important in producing far-infrared emission associated with the central ridge of the molecular cloud. The infrared cluster is located within the molecular ridge, and the Trapezium stars are probably no further than 0.1 pc from the molecular cloud. Far-infrared emission is seen from an optically prominent ionization front to the southeast of the Trapezium. The emission is produced by material at or near the H I--H II boundary which is heated directlymore » by the Trapezium stars. (AIP)« less
ER‐DeepSORT: Pedestrian Multiobject Tracking with Enhanced Reidentification

Pedestrian multiobject tracking is the major research branch in the field of computer vision. In complicated scenarios with frequent scale changes and occlusion, the existing multiobject tracking methods based on detection have unsatisfactory tracking accuracy because of the low robustness of reidentification. This article proposed a multiobject tracking method to improve the reidentification module in YOLOv5‐DeepSORT at a more fine‐grained level. The feature extraction network for the Re‐ID part of this algorithm is built based on Res2Net and group convolution. This network's hierarchical connection structure effectively improved the network's ability to extract multiscale features, and at the same time increased the receptive field of each network layer. The PCB network structure with evenly divided feature maps is used in the output part of the backbone network to enhance the influence of local features on the overall network performance. Based on this, the reidentification model is trained on the public datasets Market‐1501 and DukeMTMC‐reID using triplet loss. ER‐DeepSORT is an algorithm that combined the improved reidentification module of this article into DeepSORT. This article compared ER‐DeepSORT with YOLOv5‐DeepSORT under the original reidentification module to evaluate the tracking effect in MOT16 test sequence, the experimental results showed that ER‐DeepSORT improved MOTA by 5.4% and MOTP by 2.2% on the Market‐1501 datasets, and improved MOTA by 9.6% and MOTP by 2.7% on the DukeMTMC‐reID datasets. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Text Normalization for Speech Systems for All Languages

Most text-to-speech systems suffer from the limitation that its inputs should be a set of strings of characters with standard pro-nunciation, and struggle when given input is in the form of symbols, numbers, or abbreviations that often occur in real text. One of the most common ways to address this problem is to automatically map non-standard words to standard words using statistical, neural and rule-driven methods. However, despite the significant efforts of normalizing such words, there is just too much variability in existing corpora such that it is extremely challenging to capture edge cases. In this work, we propose a tool which aids data collection from (non-programmer) native speakers to allow numbers and other common non-standard words to be mapped to standard words that can be pronounced correctly by a synthesizer, while addressing related problems such as identifying common non-standard words appear in text and how do we ask questions from native speakers to get sufficient information to allow a useful normalization of non-standard words.
A Two-element MIMO Antenna with a Small Footprint for 5G Connectivity

In this work, researchers constructed a MIMO antenna with circular polarization and reduced mutual coupling between antenna sections, which they anticipate would be useful in future 5G communications. A microstrip feed line and a ground construction with asymmetrical cross slots make up a single antenna component. The proposed 2-port MIMO arrangement is obtained by rotating the single unit around the x-axis and mirroring it. A neutralization line is included in the ground plan between the MIMO units to obtain the best possible isolation. A substrate with dimensions of 50×100 mm2 is made of FR-4 epoxy laminate. At 3.25 GHz, there is an isolation of 22 dB, (ECC < 0.001), and (DG > 9.9 dB). The simulated findings are found in consonance with the measured results.
Insights in Turbulence Modeling for Crossing-Shock-Wave/Boundary-Layer Interactions

The impact of turbulence modeling on the numerical simulation of the crossing-shock-wave/boundary-layer interactionsoccuringinaMach4e owon7 ££ 7deg,7 ££ 11deg,and15 £ 15degdouble-sharpe nplatesisanalyzed. The full Reynolds-averaged Navier ‐Stokes equations are solved with linear and weakly nonlinear formulations of the k‐! turbulence model, on grids up to 4 ££ 10 6 cells. The overpredicted heat transfer on the bottom plate is shown to be closely related to the main three-dimensional features developing in these e ows. The stronger the interaction, the more the numerical solutions violate the realizability principles. By introducing a dependence of cµ on the velocity gradients, realizable solutions are obtained and analyzed. The heat-transfer coefe cients are effectively lowered but not sufe ciently to meet the experimental data. The expected impact of other corrections, based on a limitation of the turbulent length scale or some compressibility effects, is evaluated and shown to be insufe cienttoe llthegapbetweencomputedandmeasuredheat-transfercoefe cients.Thestreamlinesarriving near the wall in the regions of overpredicted heat transfer are shown to originate from the very narrow regions close to the e n leading edges, in the upper part of the incoming boundary layer, and to be associated with an increase of turbulent kinetic energy when approaching the bottom wall, rather than when crossing the shock waves.
THE ESSENCE OF STRATEGIC PROGRAMMING An inquiry into trans-paradigmatic genericity

Strategic programming is an idiom for generic programming where the concept of a strategy plays a central role. A strategy is a generic, dataprocessing action. Strategies are first-class citizens as witnessed by a combinator style. Two important characteristics of strategies are that they can traverse into compound data, and that they can be customized by type-specific actions. We provide a general definition of strategic programming, and we demonstrate how this idiom can be realized inside several programming language paradigms.
Clarifying the Standard Deviational Ellipse

For a set of geographical units in the Cartesian coordinate system, the locus of the standard deviation of the x coordinates of the set forms a closed curve as the system is rotated about the origin. This curve, often referred to as "standard deviational ellipse" (SDE), is not in fact an ellipse. The actual shape of the curve has remained unclear since the issue was mentioned initially by Lefever in 1926. In the present paper this closed curve, referred to as "standard deviation curve" (SDC), is clarified mathematically, and some of its applications in spatial analysis are discussed. The shape of SDC changes from a single circle to double circles when the distribution of the set of geographical units changes from an even condition to a straight line. The shape of SDC is determined explicitly by the ratio of its minor axis to its major axis. This ratio, therefore, is a useful index to show to what extent the distribution of a set of geographical units is circular, or linear. In addition, the size and radius of SDC can be used to indicate the distribution density of geographical units. The major axis of SDC, whose angle is determined explicitly for the first time, indicates the major orientation of geographical units. A program has been developed to apply SDC to spatial analysis (mean center, major orientation, distribution density, circular condition, etc.). The program is available from jx_gong@hotmail.com. It is written in the MapBasic language, and runs under MapInfo.
Cell senescence alters responses of porcine trabecular meshwork cells to shear stress

Mechanical microenvironment and cellular senescence of trabecular meshwork cells (TMCs) are suspected to play a vital role in primary open-angle glaucoma pathogenesis. However, central questions remain about the effect of shear stress on TMCs and how aging affects this process. We have investigated the effect of shear stress on the biomechanical properties and extracellular matrix regulation of normal and senescent TMCs. We found a more significant promotion of Fctin formation, a more obvious realignment of F-actin fibers, and a more remarkable increase in the stiffness of normal cells in response to the shear stress, in comparison with that of senescent cells. Further, as compared to normal cells, senescent cells show a reduced extracellular matrix turnover after shear stress stimulation, which might be attributed to the different phosphorylation levels of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Our results suggest that TMCs are able to sense and respond to the shear stress and cellular senescence undermines the mechanobiological response, which may lead to progressive failure of cellular TM function with age.
The Role of Resilience in Coping with Academic Stress (A Meta-analysis Study)

In the academic world, students who have a high level of resilience, are mentally healthier, optimistic, dynamic, enthusiastic about various things in life, and more resistant to various things including stress conditions. Many studies show that high resilience will have a positive effect on student achievement. To prove these studies, we conducted a meta-analysis of a number of articles discussing the correlation between resilience and academic stress. This article presents a metaanalysis of the correlation studies that have examined the correlation between resilience on academic stress. The result of a meta-analysis on 17 studies from 4194 subjects shows that resilience is negatively correlated to academic stress (r = -.503). The difference in the variance of correlation can, among others, be caused by sampling error (6.122%) and error in measurement of independent and dependent variables (1.449%). The results indicated that resilience negatively influences academic stress. Keywords: meta-analysis, resilience, academic stress
Crystal growth of HAp on plate-like ZnO particles using APTES as surface treatment agents

ABSTRACT We successfully prepared Hydroxyapatite/Zinc oxide (HAp/ZnO) composite particles with hexagonal plate-like shapes. The surface of the ZnO particles was treated with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) as a scaffold for the crystallization of HAp from the precursor solution. From the results of XRD measurements and SEM images of composite particles, formation of HAp on the ZnO particles was revealed. In addition, diffraction peaks associated with the (0 0 2) and (0 0 4) planes of HAp were clearly observed. They also revealed that the HAp/ZnO composite particles had a c-face orientation. Furthermore, element mapping analysis by EPMA showed that the elemental distributions of Ca, P and Zn of the composites were almost coincident. These results suggested that the formation of HAp occurred on the ZnO particles. In contrast, the ZnO particles without APTES treatment readily dissolved in the precursor solution and the diffused Zn2+ ions reacted with PO4 3- ions and Ca2+ ions to form CaZn2(PO4)2. APTES treatment of the ZnO surfaces appeared to prevent the dissolution of ZnO in the solution and induce the adsorption of anions such as phosphate on ZnO.