Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Weather-Related Growth Differences in Winter Wheat in a Three-Year Field Trial in North-East Germany

Winter wheat is the most important crop in Germany, which is why a three-year field trial (2015–2017) investigated the effects of weather on biometric parameters in relation to the phenological growth stage of the winter wheat varieties Opal, Kerubino, Edgar. In Brandenburg, there have been frequent extreme weather events in the growth phases that are relevant to grain yields. Two winter wheat varieties were grown per trial year and parts of the experimental field areas were irrigated. In addition, soil physical, biometric and meteorological data were collected during the growing season (March until end of July). There were five dry periods in 2015, six in 2016, and two in 2017 associated with low soil moisture. Notably, in 2016 the plant height was 5 cm lower and the cover was 15% lower than on irrigated plots. The grain yield was increased by 19% and 31% respectively by irrigation. However, due to irrigation costs, the net grain yield on irrigated plots was lower than on the unirrigated plots. It turned out that in dry years there were hardly any differences between winter wheat varieties. Multiple regression analysis showed a strong correlation between the biometric parameters considered here and the grain yield.
Integration of Learning Management System as an Aid in Teaching: An Assessment

The research delved into the assessment of integrating Learning Management System as an aid in teaching. Data were collected from 26 students at Rizal Technological University-College of Education, Philippines, through pretest-posttest quasi-experimental and normative survey design of research. Data were statistically tested using the frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test for dependent and independent samples, and paired t-test. Results of the research indicate that the respondents have optimistic attitudes towards the integration of learning management system in teaching. The respondents performed poorly in the pretest examination but performed very satisfactorily in the posttest examination. Furthermore, the research found out that there is no significant difference between the performances of the experimental group and control group in pretest and posttest, moreover, there is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores of the experimental group and the pretest and posttest scores of the control group.
An Explanation for why the Early Universe was Dominated by the Standard Model and Stable

Modern developments in quantum gravity suggest that the Standard Model (SM) degrees of freedom are not unique; that a typical low energy effective theory should include a large assortment of hidden sector degrees of freedom. It is therefore puzzling that cosmological constraints from BBN and CMB reveal that the early universe was almost entirely dominated by the SM, when the inflaton $\phi$ could have decayed into many sectors. Furthermore, the SM possesses an instability at high scales that would be catastrophic during or just after inflation, and yet no new physics has been seen to alter this. In this work we propose the following explanation for all of this: the hidden sectors are in fact entirely natural; this means all unprotected masses are pushed up to high scales and project out of the spectrum, while only massless (or protected) degrees of freedom remain, and so the inflaton can only reheat these sectors through higher dimension (and suppressed) operators. On the other hand, the SM possesses a special feature: it includes a light Higgs $H$, presumably for life to exist, and hence it allows a super-renormalizable coupling to the inflaton $\phi\, H^\dagger H$, which allows rapid decay into the SM. We show that this naturally (i) removes the instability in the Higgs potential both during and after inflation, (ii) explains why the SM is dominant in the early universe, (iii) allows dark matter to form in hidden sector/s through subsequent dynamics (or axions, etc), (iv) allows for high reheating and baryogenesis, and (v) accounts for why there so far has been no direct detection of dark matter or new physics beyond the SM.
Disjoint Cross Intersecting Families

For positive integers $n$ and $r$ such that $r \leq \lfloor n/2\rfloor$, we let $V$ be a set of size $n$ and let $\binom{V}{r}$ to denote the family of all subsets of $V$ of size $r$. In 1961, the famous classical theorem, so called "Erd\H os-Ko-Rado", showed that the maximum size of subfamily of $\binom{V}{r}$ whose any two members intersect is $\binom{n - 1}{r - 1}$. They also rose the helpful technique so called "compression operation" to organize the structure of the subfamily and yet preserving size and intersecting property. This initiated many studies in extremal finite sets for example, in 1986, Pyber introduced the idea of cross intersecting families which aimed to find the maximum size product between two subfamilies $\mathcal{A}$ and $\mathcal{B}$ of $\binom{V}{r}$ when $A \cap B \neq \emptyset$ for all $A \in \mathcal{A}$ and $B \in \mathcal{B}$. He found that $|\mathcal{A}||\mathcal{B}| \leq \binom{n - 1}{r - 1}^{2}$. In this paper, the aim is to find the maximum size product of cross intersecting subfamilies $\mathcal{A}$ and $\mathcal{B}$ of $\binom{V}{r}$ when $\mathcal{A} \cap \mathcal{B} = \emptyset$. We give example of "disjoint" cross intersecting families which the compression operation is not applicable. We develop new technique to prove that $|\mathcal{A}||\mathcal{B}|\leq \binom{n}{r}^{2}/4$ if $l = 0$ and $|\mathcal{A}||\mathcal{B}| \leq (\binom{n}{r} - \binom{l}{p})^{2}/4$ if $l > 0$ when $|V| = n = 2r + l$ and $p = min\{r, \lceil \frac{l}{2}\rceil\}$. At the discussion, interestingly, the asymptotic behavior of the maximum size product $|\mathcal{A}||\mathcal{B}|$ is the same as that of Pyber when $r$ is small comparing to $n$. That is $|\mathcal{A}||\mathcal{B}| \leq \Theta(n^{2r - 2})$ when $n$ is sufficiency large.
ConnectionChain: the Secure Interworking of Blockchains

Blockchain is a core technology managing asset values of cryptocurrencies, or recording digital trails for important business transactions. Smart contract technologies on blockchain is expected to improve the security of blockchain system, but that is not a viable solution when an application service is required to simultaneously operate closely-related blockchain ledgers as service business logic. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to extend the functionality of traditional blockchain smart contract by introducing a prototype system, named “ConnectionChain”.
Peyronie’s Disease: Current Status and New Development

Objective: To assess the articles published on current treatments for Peyronie’s disease (PD) and it’s new development and to assist clinicians to select the effective management of PD by increasing understanding and awareness of the outcomes associated with current medical and surgical treatment options. Methods: A Hinari literature search was conducted to identify relevant, peer-reviewed, clinical and review articles published related to current treatment options and it’s new developments of Peyronie’s Disease. Search terms for this non-systematic review included ‘Peyronie’s disease’, ‘current treatment, outcomes’, new development. ‘Erectile dysfunction or ED’, search terms were searched separately and in combination. Case studies and editorials were excluded, primary manuscripts and reviews were included, and references of articles of interest were reviewed and key references were obtained. Result: Currently, there are several investigational minimally invasive and non-surgical treatment options for PD; however, surgical treatment remains the standard of care for patients with stable disease and disabling deformity or drug-resistant erectile dysfunction. Each of the different surgical procedures that are used for treatment of PD, including tunical shortening, tunical lengthening (plaque incisions or partial excision and grafting), and use of inflatable penile prostheses, carries its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of potential complications and postoperative satisfaction. No single, standard, surgical treatment for this disorder has prevailed and multiple variations of each type of procedure exist. Obtaining data on current treatment and its modifications to these procedures, and new surgical techniques and materials may serve to further guide Conclusion: The real etiology of Peyronie’s disease and the mechanisms of formation of the plaque still remain obscure. Although conservative management is obtaining a progressively larger consensus among the experts, surgical correction still remains the mainstay treatment for this condition. Treatment should be tailored to each patient after a detailed evaluation of disease severity and sexual function. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 17, No. 2, July 2014 p.87-96
Wallpaper patterns admissible in itajime shibori

Spurred by a study of producing wallpaper pattern types in itajime shibori, this paper explains how the mathematical concept of orbifold places limitations on realizing patterns in this medium. Readers are introduced to the relevant mathematics and artistic processes and their relationships. Each of the seventeen wallpaper patterns is depicted together with its fundamental domain and its orbifold. A theorem shows that at most seven wallpaper pattern types are possible if orbifolds must be folded in three-dimensional space with no cutting. Photographs of itajime shibori dyed versions of all seven are shown in the paper. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
3D-Printed Scaffolds from Alginate/Methyl Cellulose/Trimethyl Chitosan/Silicate Glasses for Bone Tissue Engineering

Alginate-based hydrogel inks are commonly used in printing due to their biocompatibility, biodegradation, and cell adhesion. In the present work, 3D printing of hydrogels comprising alginate/methyl cellulose (MC)/trimethyl chitosan (TMC) and silicate glasses was investigated. It was found that TMC increased the stability of the scaffolds after immersion in normal saline solution in comparison with alginate/MC 3D constructs. The stability also remained after the incorporation of pure silicate glasses or bioactive glasses. Immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) resulted in the formation of hydroxyapatite in all samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed a good cell adhesion of pre-osteoblasts on all scaffold compositions, cell viability assessment displayed a proliferation increase up to seven days in culture, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was similar in all scaffold compositions without significant differences. Total collagen secretion by the pre-osteoblasts after 7 days in culture was significantly higher in scaffolds containing silicate glasses, demonstrating their ability to promote extracellular matrix formation. In conclusion, 3D-printed porous scaffolds based on alginate/methyl cellulose/TMC are promising candidates for bone tissue engineering applications.
IT'S THERE FOR YOU, BUT IS IT #FYP?: A METHODOLOGICAL REFLECTION OF
 RESEARCHING CONTENT VS. COMMUNITY ON TIKTOK

With each new online platform comes a new set of methodological challenges when studying its content and the people who reside in that digital space. This paper presents a methodological reflection of studying the exchange of health information and building of community and safe space amongst queer youth on the video sharing and social networking app TikTok. Upon encountering challenges in research related to affordances within the app, further questions are posed about how we go might about studying the nature of content that users, especially those of a specific and historically marginalized group, will come across in their day-to-day engagement with the app, and in so doing exchange information and support with one-another. Existing affordances in the app beg the question of whether content on this platform can truly be studied or understood, even in terms of a simple content analysis, without the direct involvement of users. Replication of the user's experience, and natural encounter with content of a specific nature, becomes challenging and has its risks.
CRITICAL FACTORS OF THE STRATEGIC PLANNING PROCESS IN JUNIOR FIRMS

Objective: The research aims to identify which critical factors influence the strategic planning process, implementation and control in junior firms’ strategic planning. Methodology/approach: The study has a qualitative, descriptive approach, using multiple cases studies method, which examined seven junior firms. As a selection criterion, the accessibility and the snowball sampling technique were used. As data collection, it was applied semi-structured interviews. As a plan of analysis, it was considered Bardin’s assumptions (2016). Lastly, to a greater reliability of the study it was performed the researchers triangulation in both process of data collecting and analysis. Main results: The results point out 28 categories subdivided in difficulty and advantage of the planning process, implementation and control of strategic planning. However, only 11 were considered critical. Originality/Relevance: as originality, the result discusses the strategic process performed by junior firms, that is considered here as organizational entities, which, according to Bervager and Visentini (2016) it has not yet been researched. Theoretical contribution: As a theoretical contribution to junior firms, this study progresses in understanding these institutions as organizational entities, if the business theory presented in different courses is put into practice. Social and management contributions: The research has potential contributions to beginning junior firms that want to develop its practices in strategic planning, as well as connected institutions such as junior’s movement and national association.
Flexibility Estimation of Residential Heat Pumps under Heat Demand Uncertainty

With the increasing penetration of intermittent renewable energy generation, there is a growing demand to use the inherent flexibility within buildings to absorb renewable related disruptions. Heat pumps play a particularly important role, as they account for a high share of electricity consumption in residential units. The most common way of quantifying the flexibility is by considering the response of the building or the household appliances to external penalty signals. However, this approach neither accounts for the use cases of flexibility trading nor considers its impact on the prosumer comfort, when the heat pump should cover the stochastic domestic hot water (DHW) consumption. Therefore, in this paper, a new approach to quantifying the flexibility potential of residential heat pumps is proposed. This methodology enables the prosumers themselves to generate and submit the operating plan of the heat pump to the system operator and trade the alternative operating plans of the heat pump on the flexibility market. In addition, the impact of the flexibility provision on the prosumer comfort is investigated by calculating the warm water temperature drops in the thermal energy storage given heat demand forecast errors. The results show that the approach with constant capacity reservation in the thermal energy storage provides the best solution, with an average of 2.5 min unsatisfactory time per day and a maximum temperature drop of 2.3 °C.
Finite-Sample Analysis for Decentralized Batch Multiagent Reinforcement Learning With Networked Agents

Despite the increasing interest in multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) in multiple communities, understanding its theoretical foundation has long been recognized as a challenging problem. In this article, we address this problem by providing a finite-sample analysis for decentralized batch MARL. Specifically, we consider a type of mixed MARL setting with both cooperative and competitive agents, where two teams of agents compete in a zero-sum game setting, while the agents within each team collaborate by communicating over a time-varying network. This setting covers many conventional MARL settings in the literature. We then develop batch MARL algorithms that can be implemented in a decentralized fashion, and quantify the finite-sample errors of the estimated action-value functions. Our error analysis captures how the function class, the number of samples within each iteration, and the number of iterations determine the statistical accuracy of the proposed algorithms. Our results, compared to the finite-sample bounds for single-agent reinforcement learning, involve additional error terms caused by decentralized computation, which is inherent in our decentralized MARL setting. This article provides the first finite-sample analysis for batch MARL, a step toward rigorous theoretical understanding of general MARL algorithms in the finite-sample regime.
Dextran Sulfate Lithium as Versatile Binder to Stabilize High‐Voltage LiCoO2 to 4.6 V

High‐voltage LiCoO2 is an attractive cathode for ultra‐high energy lithium‐ion batteries in the 5G era. However, the practical application of LiCoO2 is largely hindered by the unstable structure under high voltage. Herein, dextran sulfate lithium (DSL) is used as a versatile binder to improve the cycling stability of LiCoO2 at 4.6 V. A coulombic efficiency of almost 100% and 93.4% capacity retention after 100 cycles has been achieved. The aqueous DSL binder can be evenly coated onto the surfaces of LiCoO2 particles to function as an artificial interface, significantly preventing the decomposition of electrolyte and the dissolution of Co ions. More importantly, the superior interaction between the sulfate acid groups of DSL chains and the LiCoO2 particles enhances the stability of CoO chemical bonds, further suppressing the detrimental phase transition from O3 to H1‐3 above 4.55 V. The stabilization of high‐voltage LiCoO2 through the binder is facile and enlightening to design high energy battery materials.
Estimation de l’impact des chocs pétroliers sur les taux du PIB algérien : analyse par le modèle NARDL

Cet article examine empiriquement la relation entre les chocs des prix du petrole et la croissance economique en l’Algerie qui est un pays exportateur du petrole. Le modele autoregressif a retard distribue non lineaire (NARDL) a ete utilise comme technique d'estimation sur des donnees annuelles allant de 1970 jusqu’a 2018. Les resultats montrent qu’il existe une relation de cointegration entre les variables, ce qui nous a permet d’appliquer cette methode econometrique recente NARDL. Par ailleurs, a court et a long terme, une augmentation des cours petroliers fait accroitre la croissance economique, tandis qu’une baisse des prix de petrole diminuer les taux de PIB. Cependant, le test d’asymetrie effectuee dans l’etude confirme que les effets des chocs petroliers positifs et negatifs sont symetriques. Par consequent, l’Algerie doit reduire la dependance de son secteur d’hydrocarbure en reconstituant son modele de croissance et en ameliorant la resilience aux evenements incertains tels que les chocs petroliers.
Design of Optimal Controllers for Automatic Voltage Regulation Using Archimedes Optimizer

Automatic voltage regulators (AVRs) in electrical grids preserve the voltage at its nominal value. Regulating the parameters of proportional–integral– derivative (PID) controllers used for AVRs is a nonlinear optimization issue. The objective function is designed to minimize the settling time, rise time, and overshoot of step response of resultant voltage with subjugation to constraints of PID controller parameters. In this study, we suggest using an Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA) to tune the parameters of the PID controllers for AVRs. In addition, using an AOA to optimize the parameters of a fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller and a PID plus second-order derivative (PIDD) controller for AVRs is also investigated to validate their effectiveness. The disturbance repudiation and robustness of the AOA-PID controllers are also examined and confirmed. To validate the results of the AOA-PID controllers, they are compared with those of other optimized controllers for convergence speed, the quality of the step response. The results indicate that the AOA functions perfectly and it has good potential for optimizing the PID controller parameters with better step response compared with the PID controller based on other approaches while preferring the results of the AOA– PIDD controller over other kinds of the AOA-PID controllers.
STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ROOTS DISTRIBUTIONS AREA IN THE CARAGANA-GRASS COMPOUND SYSTEM

This study was aimed to explore root spatial distributions on the different sizes of belt spaces in the caragana-grass compound system in Siziwangqi county, Inner Mongolia. The root spatial distributions were observed at selected typical sample plots within the 5m, 10m and 16 m belt-space caragana grass compound systems. The area of roots spatial distributions were highly correlated with the caragana-grass compound system belt space. Root distribution area was found to decrease with soil depth, also to decrease with distance from caragana belt in 5m and 10m belt spaces compound systems, some fluctuations were showed in 16m belt space system which had the widest root distribution area. The whole root and root diameters equaled to or less than 0.2mm had the similar spatial distribution characteristics. Root distribution area gradually increased in 0 to 20cm soil layer. It was the overlapped roots distribution pattern in 5m belt space system and shrub-grass composite distribution in 10m belt space system. The 16m belt space system was shrub-grass root composition but shrub roots exclusively possessed type, and should be the one recommended for adoption in this area.
Dynamic Optimal Mean-Variance Investment with Mispricing in the Family of 4/2 Stochastic Volatility Models

This paper considers an optimal investment problem with mispricing in the family of 4/2 stochastic volatility models under mean–variance criterion. The financial market consists of a risk-free asset, a market index and a pair of mispriced stocks. By applying the linear–quadratic stochastic control theory and solving the corresponding Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation, explicit expressions for the statically optimal (pre-commitment) strategy and the corresponding optimal value function are derived. Moreover, a necessary verification theorem was provided based on an assumption of the model parameters with the investment horizon. Due to the time-inconsistency under mean–variance criterion, we give a dynamic formulation of the problem and obtain the closed-form expression of the dynamically optimal (time-consistent) strategy. This strategy is shown to keep the wealth process strictly below the target (expected terminal wealth) before the terminal time. Results on the special case without mispricing are included. Finally, some numerical examples are given to illustrate the effects of model parameters on the efficient frontier and the difference between static and dynamic optimality.
A post COVID Machine Learning approach in Teaching and Learning methodology to alleviate drawbacks of the e-whiteboards

ABSTRACT Deep learning has paved the way for critical and revolutionary applications in almost every field of life in general. Ranging from engineering to healthcare, machine learning and deep learning has left its mark as the state-of-the-art technology application which holds the epitome of a reasonable high benchmarked solution. Incorporating neural network architectures into applications has become a common part of any software development process. In this paper, we perform a comparative analysis on the different transfer learning approaches in the domain of hand-written digit recognition. We use two performance measures, loss and accuracy. We later visualize the different results for the training and validation datasets and reach to a unison conclusion. This paper aims to target the drawbacks of the electronic whiteboard with simultaneous focus on the suitable model selection procedure for the digit recognition problem.