Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Indoor Air Quality for Group-Housed Macaques (Macaca spp.)

Simple Summary Indoor air quality is strongly associated with animal health and wellbeing. Therefore, animal enclosures must be consistently and sufficiently ventilated to provide for the health and well-being of animals and caretakers. Although there are several publications concerning assessments and effects of suboptimal air quality on rodents, no publications are available on group-housed non-human primates and the exposure of caretakers to inhalable dust and endotoxins. The indoor air quality of group-housed macaques at the Biomedical Primate Research Center (Rijswijk, the Netherlands) was assessed to identify possible problems regarding air circulation and the concentrations of inhalable dust, endotoxin, ammonia, fungi, temperature and relative humidity in the indoor environment. In addition, the exposure to inhalable dust and endotoxins of caretakers was evaluated. The observed values for these air quality parameters, measured at fixed locations in the animal enclosures, did not exceed the proposed human threshold limit values (TLV). However, caretakers were exposed to higher levels than the animals likely due to nature of their tasks. This study provides practical tools that can be used to improve the indoor air quality in group-housed macaques. Moreover, the results show that the exposure of caretakers to inhalable dust and endotoxins during daily work routines should be reduced. Abstract Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is strongly associated with animal health and wellbeing. To identify possible problems of the indoor environment of macaques (Macaca spp.), we assessed the IAQ. The temperature (°C), relative humidity (%) and concentrations of inhalable dust (mg/m3), endotoxins (EU/m3), ammonia (ppm) and fungal aerosols were measured at stationary fixed locations in indoor enclosures of group-housed rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). In addition, the personal exposure of caretakers to inhalable dust and endotoxins was measured and evaluated. Furthermore, the air circulation was assessed with non-toxic smoke, and the number of times the macaques sneezed was recorded. The indoor temperature and relative humidity for both species were within comfortable ranges. The geometric mean (GM) ammonia, dust and endotoxin concentrations were 1.84 and 0.58 ppm, 0.07 and 0.07 mg/m3, and 24.8 and 6.44 EU/m3 in the rhesus and cynomolgus macaque units, respectively. The GM dust concentrations were significantly higher during the daytime than during the nighttime. Airborne fungi ranged between 425 and 1877 CFU/m3. Personal measurements on the caretakers showed GM dust and endotoxin concentrations of 4.2 mg/m3 and 439.0 EU/m3, respectively. The number of sneezes and the IAQ parameters were not correlated. The smoke test revealed a suboptimal air flow pattern. Although the dust, endotoxins and ammonia were revealed to be within accepted human threshold limit values (TLV), caretakers were exposed to dust and endotoxin levels exceeding existing occupational reference values.
Towards a sustainable oil supply: a risk diversification model to measure oil security risk in japan and South Korea

This paper proposes a quantitative optimization model to investigate the oil supply risk from the perspective of the diversification of oil import sources. Japan and South Korea are highly dependent on oil imports from foreign countries. Both countries are seeking sustainable strategies to ensure a continuous and stable oil supply. Effective diversification of crude oil imports plays an important role in energy security. The optimization results imply that Japan faces the highest oil import risk. Japan should reduce oil imports from Saudi Arabia and the UAE. Instead, Japan should import more oil from Russia and Iraq. South Korea should reduce its oil dependence on the Persian Gulf countries. Based on forecasts of oil demand and production, Japan and South Korea will have lower oil supply risks until 2035. It can be attributed to the decreased oil imports and improved energy efficiency for both countries under individual energy efficiency programs. The Middle East countries maintain the dominant positions in oil imports for both Japan and South Korea. Saudi Arabia will remain the largest supplier to both countries.
Variation of XCO2 anomaly patterns in the Middle East from OCO-2 satellite data

ABSTRACT The anthropogenic CO2 emission is contributed to the rapid increase in CO2 concentration. In the current study the anthropogenic CO2 emission in the Middle East (ME) is investigated using 6 years column-averaged CO2 dry air mole fraction (XCO2) observation from Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite. In this way, the XCO2 anomaly ( XCO2) as the detrended and deseasonalized term of OCO-2XCO2 product, was computed and compared to provide the direct space-based anthropogenic CO2 emission monitoring. As a result, the high positive and negative XCO2 values have corresponded to the major sources such as oil and gas industries, and growing seasons over ME, respectively. Consequently, the Open-source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2 (ODIAC) emission and the gross primary productivity (GPP) were utilized in exploring the XCO2 relation with human and natural driving factors. The results showed the capability of XCO2 maps in detecting CO2 emission fluctuations in defined periods were detectible in daily to annual periods. The simplicity and accuracy of the method in detecting the man-made and natural driving factors including the main industrial areas, megacities, or local changes due to COVID-19 pandemic or geopolitical situations as well as the vegetation absorption and biomass burning is the key point that provides the environmental managers and policymakers with valuable and accessible information to control and ultimately reduce the CO2 emission over critical regions.
Monitoring Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales in the Environment to Assess the Spread in the Community

The usefulness of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) was proven during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the role of environmental monitoring of emerging infectious diseases has been recognized. In this study, the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) in Japanese environmental samples was measured in the context of applying WBE to CRE. A total of 247 carbapenem-resistant isolates were obtained from wastewater, treated wastewater, and river water. Treated wastewater was shown to be an efficient target for monitoring CRE. The results of the isolate analysis showed that WBE may be applicable to Escherichia coli-carrying New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-type carbapenemase, the Enterobacter cloacae complex and Klebsiella pneumoniae complex-carrying IMP-type carbapenemase. In addition, a certain number of CRE isolated in this study carried Guiana extended spectrum (GES)-type carbapenemase although their clinical importance was unclear. Only a few isolates of Klebsiella aerogenes were obtained from environmental samples in spite of their frequent detection in clinical isolates. Neither the KPC-type, the oxacillinase (OXA)-type nor the VIM-type of carbapenemase was detected in the CRE, which reflected a low regional prevalence. These results indicated the expectation and the limitation of applying WBE to CRE.
New Perspectives on Immune Involvement in Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis

Accumulating evidence implicates immune dysfunction in the etiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). For instance, impaired cellular and humoral immune responses are emerging as established pathological hallmarks in PD. Further, in experimental models of PD, inflammatory cell activation and immune dysregulation are evident. Genetic and epidemiologic studies have drawn associations between autoimmune disease and PD. Distillation of these various lines of evidence indicates dysregulated immunogenetics as a primary risk factor for PD. This article will present novel perspectives on the association between genetic risk factors and immune processes in PD. The objective of this work is to synthesize the data surrounding the role of immunogenetics in PD to maximize the potential of targeting the immune system as a therapeutic modality.
AP3S1 is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated With an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in Pan-Cancer

Background: Adaptor-related protein complex 3, sigma one subunit (AP3S1) is one of the encoding subunits of the adaptor complex AP-3. However, its role in various tumor types and relationship with the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) remains unclear. Methods: AP3S1 expression was analyzed using datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Genotype-Tissue Expression, UALCAN, and HPA databases. Then, we performed a systematic analysis of the genetic alterations, clinical features, and prognostic value of AP3S1 in pan-cancer. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) were used to identify the signaling pathways associated with AP3S1. The correlation between immune cell infiltration and AP3S1 expression was analyzed using immune cell infiltration data from the ImmuCellAI, TIMER2, and a previous study. Finally, we analyzed the association of AP3S1 with tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and immune-related genes. Results: We found AP3S1 overexpression in most tumors and a significant association with low survival rates. GSEA and GSVA results show that AP3S1 is involved in tumor progression and associated with immune pathways in different tumor types. We also found that AP3S1 expression was positively correlated with the level of infiltration of immunosuppressive cells (tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, Tregs) and negatively correlated with immune killer cells, including NK cells and CD8+ T cells, in pan-cancer. The expression of AP3S1 could affect TMB and MSI in various cancers. In addition, AP3S1 was positively correlated with most immunosuppressive genes, including PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4, LAG3 and TIGIT in most cancer types. Conclusion: Our study reveals that AP3S1 is a potential pan-cancer oncogene and plays an essential role in tumorigenesis and cancer immunity. Elevated expression of AP3S1 indicates an immunosuppressive microenvironment and can be used as a potential prognostic biomarker and a target for immunotherapy.
Prognostic Factors of Pulmonary Metastasectomy for Soft Tissue Sarcomas Arising in the Trunk Wall and Extremities

Simple Summary Pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) is often performed in sarcoma patients with resectable oligo-metastases in the lungs. Although there have been several studies on PM for sarcomas, few have analyzed only soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) arising in the trunk wall and extremities, and many of these studies are older. Therefore, it would be of interest to confirm the outcomes of PM for STS in recent years, when systemic treatment has advanced, in accordance with the latest WHO classification. In the present study, we investigated our recent results of PM for STSs arising in the trunk and extremities, and analyzed the prognostic factors and safety of PM. Abstract Although there is no evidence from prospective randomized controlled trials to support this practice, pulmonary metastases of sarcomas are often treated surgically if they are resectable. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the prognostic factors and outcome of pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) for soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) arising in the trunk wall and extremities in 66 consecutive patients. Prognostic factors associated with disease-specific survival after PM were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. The patients included 38 men and 28 women, with a median age of 49 years. The median disease-specific survival after PM was 48 months, and the 5-year survival rate was 45%. No major perioperative complications occurred. Disease-free interval (<12 months), size of largest lung lesion (≥20 mm), and non-curative resection were independent prognostic factors in multivariate analysis. PM was effective in selected patients with pulmonary metastases from STSs arising in the trunk wall and extremities. Disease-free interval, maximum size of metastases, and resectability were identified as prognostic factors.
Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification to Detect Infection Caused by Parasites of the Trypanosomatidae Family: A Literature Review and Opinion on the Laboratory to Field Applicability

Isothermal amplification of nucleic acids has the potential to be applied in resource-limited areas for the detection of infectious agents, as it does not require complex nucleic purification steps or specific and expensive equipment and reagents to perform the reaction and read the result. Since human and animal infections by pathogens of the Tryponasomatidae family occur mainly in resource-limited areas with scant health infrastructures and personnel, detecting infections by these methodologies would hold great promise. Here, we conduct a narrative review of the literature on the application of isothermal nucleic acid amplification for Trypanosoma and Leishmania infections, which are a scourge for human health and food security. We highlight gaps and propose ways to improve them to translate these powerful technologies into real-world field applications for neglected human and animal diseases caused by Trypanosomatidae.
Which User-Generated Content is Considered Useful by Tourists? An Investigation Into the Role of Information Types Shared in Online Discourse in Online Travel Communities

Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the user-generated content (UGC) features that influence perceived usefulness (PU) and UGC use in Online Travel Community (OTC). The moderating role of information type on PU was then examined. Secondary data in the form of online travel threads in an OTC were selected for this study. The authors coded 536 threads consisting of 2592 travel postings. The data was analyzed using Smart PLS-SEM. The results indicate that the information usefulness is driven by discourse quality, emotional support, and credibility, which further influence UGC use for travel planning. Also, the information type influences the relationship between the constructs negatively. This study shows that online discourse among the community members enables potential tourists to utilize the information for their travel planning. Marketers should understand the factors enhancing the usefulness of UGC, and they should concentrate on information quality and diversity.
[Prevalence of risk factors for fragility fracture in men aged 40 to 90 years of a Spanish basic Rural Health Area].

BACKGROUND Osteoporosis and as a consequence fragility fractures have emerged in recent years as a major public health issue in developed countries. Although its epidemiology and risk factors in postmenopausal women are well known, few studies exist focused on analyzing this pathology in men. Our objective is to determine the prevalence of fragility fracture risk factors in men belonging to our population and to calculate the absolute risk of major osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture. METHODS Cross-sectional study conducted in a Rural Health Basic Area. The target population was composed by males between 40 and 90 years old. Causes of exception were not considered. Personal interviews were carried out collecting the following data: age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), previous fractures, background on parent hip fracture, smoking habits, use of corticosteroids, background on rheumatoid arthritis, secondary osteoporosis, alcohol and bone mineral density (BMD). With this data, later in our Health Center, the Absolute Fracture Risk and the Hip Fracture Risk were calculated using the FRAX ® tool. RESULTS 431 cases were studied. Mean age 65,8 ± 13,9 years old and BMI 28,4 ± 4,3 kg/m². BMD had not been determined for any of the patients. Prevalence of risk factors: previous fracture 3,7%; parents with hip fractures 10,4%; smokers 21,1%; glucocorticoids 2,8%; rheumatoid arthritis 0,9%; secondary osteoporosis 2,3%; alcohol 30,9%. Absolute fracture risk, 3,7 ± 3,1 95% CI (3,43-4,02); hip fracture risk 1,7 ± 2,5 95% CI (1,51-1,98). CONCLUSION Particularly important for males, the elimination of alcohol and tobacco.
Prevenção de Ataques em Sistemas Distribuídos via Análise de Intervalos

A análise de largura de variáveis determina o maior e menor valores que cada variável inteira de um programa pode assumir durante a sua execução. Tal técnica é de suma importância para detectar vulnerabilidades em programas mas, até o momento, não existe abordagem que aplique essa análise em sistemas distribuídos. Tal omissão é séria, uma vez que esse tipo de sistema é alvo comum de ataques de software. O objetivo deste artigo é preencher tal lacuna. Valendo-nos de um algoritmo recente para inferir protocolos de comunicação, nós projetamos, implementamos e testamos uma análise de largura de variáveis para sistemas distribuídos. Nosso algoritmo, ao prover uma visão holística do sistema distribuído, é mais preciso que analisar cada parte daquele sistema separadamente. Demonstramos tal fato via uma série de exemplos e experimentos realizados sobre os programas presentes em SPEC CPU 2006. Um protótipo de nossa ferramenta, implementado sobre o compilador LLVM, está disponível para escrutínio.
Controle de acesso baseado em reencriptação por proxy em Redes Centradas em Informação

As redes centradas em informação (ICN) representam uma abordagem promissora para a Internet do Futuro, pois aborda as atuais deficiências da Internet com uma infraestrutura mais adequada para a distribuição de conteúdo. Ao nomear, rotear e encaminhar conteúdo ao invés de endereços de máquina, a ICN desloca o protagonismo da camada de rede das máquinas para os conteúdos. Uma das implicações dessa mudança é o cache nos dispositivos de rede, que permite uma melhor utilização dos canais de comunicação e uma entrega mais rápida do conteúdo ao usuário. Entretanto, a possibilidade de receber conteúdo dos caches gera preocupações com relação ao controle de acesso. Neste contexto, propõe-se uma solução para controle de acesso em ICN baseada em reencriptação por proxy. A solução proposta garante que somente usuários autorizados acessem o conteúdo na rede enquanto se mantém os benefícios do sistema de cache em ICN, mesmo diante de uma entidade maliciosa.
Lipidomic analysis of surfactant and plasma from horses with asthma and age-matched healthy horses.

OBJECTIVE To perform lipidomic analysis of surfactant and plasma from asthmatic and healthy horses. ANIMALS 30 horses with clinical signs of asthma and 30 age-matched control horses. PROCEDURES Detailed history, physical examination, CBC, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytologies were obtained. Asthmatic horses were grouped based on their BALF inflammatory profile: severe equine asthma (SEA), mild equine asthma with neutrophilic airway inflammation (MEA-N), or mild equine asthma with eosinophilic airway inflammation (MEA-E). Each asthma group was assigned its own age-matched control group. Lipidomic analysis was completed on surfactant and plasma. Surfactant protein D (SP-D) concentrations were measured in serum and BALF. RESULTS SEA surfactant was characterized by a phospholipid deficit and altered composition (increased ceramides, decreased phosphatidylglycerol, and increased cyclic phosphatidic acid [cPA]). In comparison, MEA-N surfactant only had a decrease in select phosphatidylglycerol species and increased cPA levels. The plasma lipidomic profile was significantly different in all asthma groups compared to controls. Specifically, all groups had increased plasma phytoceramide. SEA horses had increased plasma cPA and diacylglycerol whereas MEA-N horses only had increased cPA. MEA-E horses had increases in select ceramides and dihydrocermides. Only SEA horses had significantly increased serum SP-D concentrations. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The most significant surfactant alterations were present in SEA (altered phospholipid content and composition); only mild changes were observed in MEA-N horses. The plasma lipidomic profile was significantly altered in all groups of asthmatic horses and differed among groups. Data from a larger population of asthmatic horses are needed to assess implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
Island Transpeciation: A Co-Evolutionary Neural Architecture Search, Applied to Country-Scale Air-Quality Forecasting

Air pollution causes around 400 000 premature deaths per year in Europe due to Particulate Matter, nitrogen oxides, and ground-level ozone pollutants. Multiple-input multiple-output nonlinear auto-regressive exogenous deep neural networks are frequently used to predict a day before, air-quality pollution incidents, at a country scale. With complexity and data sizes increasing, finding performant models becomes harder. We propose island transpeciation to optimize hyperparameters and architectures. Unlike using a single optimizer, island transpeciation combines results from multiple optimizers, to consistently provide excellent performance. Moreover, we show that island transpeciation outperforms random model search and other previous modeling efforts. Island transpeciation is a neural architecture search that uses co-evolution (genes), to combine (transpeciation) populations of incompatible optimizers (species) organized in island formations. In island transpeciation, architecture search is parallelized and utilizes a distributed pool of hardware resources. We have successfully used these techniques to predict next-day ozone concentrations across the Belgian territory.
Ang2-Targeted Combination Therapy for Cancer Treatment

Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), a member of the angiopoietin family, is widely involved in the process of vascular physiology, bone physiology, adipose tissue physiology and the occurrence and development of inflammation, cardiac hypertrophy, rheumatoid, tumor and other diseases under pathological conditions. Proliferation and metastasis of cancer largely depend on angiogenesis. Therefore, anti-angiogenesis has become the target of tumor therapy. Due to the Ang2 plays a key role in promoting angiogenesis and stability in vascular physiology, the imbalance of its expression is an important condition for the occurrence and development of cancer. It has been proved that blocking Ang2 can inhibit the growth, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. In recent years, research has been constantly supplemented. We focus on the mechanisms that regulate the expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein levels in different cancers, contributing to a better understanding of how Ang2 exerts different effects in different cancers and stages, as well as facilitating more specific targeting of relevant molecules in cancer therapy. At the same time, the importance of Ang2 in cancer growth, metastasis, prognosis and combination therapy is pointed out. And finally, we will discuss the current investigations and future challenges of combining Ang2 inhibition with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy to increase its efficacy in cancer patients. This review provides a theoretical reference for the development of new targets and effective combination therapy strategies for cancer treatment in the future.