Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utility of the CANUKA Scoring System in the Risk Assessment of Upper GI Bleeding

Background: The Canada-United Kingdom-Adelaide (CANUKA) score was developed to stratify patients who experience upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) to predict who could be discharged from the emergency department. Our aim was to determine if the CANUKA score could be utilized for UGIB in-patients undergoing endoscopy in predicting adverse outcomes. We additionally sought to establish a CANUKA score cut point to predict adverse outcomes and in-hospital mortality and compare this to established scoring systems. Methods: Between January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019 all patients who underwent upper endoscopy after admission for UGIB were identified. We assigned a CANUKA score and compared the area under the receiver operating curve to established scoring systems. Results: Our data set included 641 patients, with a mean age of 59.5±14.5 years. A CANUKA score ≥10 was associated with an adverse outcome [unadjusted odds ratio, 3.08 (1.79, 5.27)]. No patients experienced an adverse outcome with a CANUKA score <4. No patients died with a CANUKA score <6. Those with a CANUKA score of <10 had an in-hospital mortality of 2.1% compared with 6.8% for those with a score ≥10 (P=0.008). AIMS65 had the best area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.809) for predicting mortality. Conclusions: The CANUKA score may serve utility as a predictor of adverse outcomes and mortality in patients admitted with UGIB undergoing endoscopy. Future studies, ideally prospective and multicenter, will be needed to validate its clinical utility.
Product Sets of Rationals, Multiplicative Translates of Subgroups in Residue Rings, and Fixed Points of the Discrete Logarithm

We give a lower bound on the size of the product set of two arbitrary subsets of the set of Farey fractions of a given order and apply it to study the distribution of elements of multiplicative groups in residue rings. For example, we prove a conjecture of J. Holden and P. Moree on the behavior of the number of solutions to the congruence g h ≡ h (mod p), 1 ≤ g,h ≤ p - 1, on average over primes p. This congruence appears in studying fixed points of the discrete logarithm.
Incidence of Blepharoptosis After Pars Plana Baerveldt 350 Glaucoma Implant Surgery by a Single Surgeon

Purpose: To investigate the incidence of postoperative blepharoptosis and clinical risk factors for blepharoptosis after pars plana Baerveldt 350 glaucoma implantation (BGI) by a single surgeon for refractory glaucoma. Methods: Twenty-four patients (30 eyes) who underwent pars plana BGI for refractory glaucoma at Toyama University Hospital between November 2019 and February 2021 were included. Patients with a preoperative margin reflex distance-1 (MRD-1) of ≥2 mm were included in the study, and a decrease in MRD-1 of ≥2 mm at 6 months postoperatively was defined as blepharoptosis. Results: The mean MRD-1 decreased significantly from 3.2 ± 0.6 mm preoperatively to 2.4 ± 1.1 postoperatively (p < 0.01). Postoperative ptosis developed in 8 eyes (26.7%). A comparison of the ptosis (n = 8) and nonptosis (n = 22) groups showed a significant difference in the history and number of previous filtration surgeries (p = 0.02 and p = 0.03, respectively). Those with previous filtration surgery had a higher risk of blepharoptosis after pars plana BGI compared with those without previous filtration surgery (OR: 6.43; 95% confidence interval: 1.03–40.26; p = 0.04). Conclusion: Pars plana BGI is a risk factor for postoperative blepharoptosis. Particular attention should be paid to eyes that have undergone previous filtration surgery. Pars plana Baerveldt glaucoma implantation is a risk factor for postoperative blepharoptosis. Particular attention should be paid to eyes that have undergone previous filtration surgery.
Summated Xerostomia Inventory to detect both xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction.

OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Summated Xerostomia Inventory (SXI-ID) questionnaire in detecting xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction (SGH). SUBJECTS AND METHODS This diagnostic study first underwent a validity and reliability test. Participants were randomly sampled from the Geriatric Clinics of Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. The SXI-ID was generated through a forward-backward translation, after which its validity (item-total item correlations), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), and test-retest reliability (kappa statistic) were all assessed. The diagnostic performance of the SXI-ID in detecting SGH was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS A total of 60 participants (aged ≥60 years) were involved in this study, most of whom were female (75%). The internal consistency of the SXI-ID was acceptable (α = 0.823), and its test-retest reliability was perfect (K= 1.00). ROC analysis showed that an SXI-ID cut-off value > 11 could detect SGH with a sensitivity of 96.0%, a specificity of 100.0%, and an area under the curve of 0.985 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The SXI-ID questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to detect xerostomia and SGH in older Indonesians, and a score of 11 or above is useful to identify those with a low salivary flow.
Involvement of the NO/cGMP/KATP pathway in the antinociceptive effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) essential oil in mice

Rosemary essential oil (REO) has been used for several medical purposes. Previous studies have shown the antinociceptive effect of the oil. This study aimed to investigate the role of some well-known receptors in the antinociceptive effect of REO. Male Swiss mice (25–30 g) were used. To assess the antinociceptive activity, the formalin test was used. At first, the antinociceptive effect of three doses of rosemary oil (150, 300 and 450 µL/kg) was tested, and then a dose of 300 µL/kg was selected for the mechanistic study. Animals were pretreated with several antagonists and enzyme inhibitors to evaluate the role of adrenergic, cholinergic, serotoninergic, dopaminergic and opioid receptors as well as the NO/cGMP/KATP pathway in the antinociceptive effect of rosemary essential oil. Yohimbine (5 mg/kg), prazocin (2 mg/kg), propranolol (2 mg/kg), atropine (2.5 mg/kg) naloxone (5 mg/kg), cyproheptadine (2 mg/kg), ondansetron (2 mg/kg) and haloperidol (1 mg/kg) could not reverse the antinociceptive effect. Sulpiride (20 mg/kg) only showed preventive activity in the early phase of formalin test while methylene blue (5 mg/kg), L-NAME (20 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the antinociceptive effect of REO in both phases. Tadalafil (2 mg/kg) potentiated the antinociceptive effect of REO in the late phase of formalin test and arginine (100 mg/kg) had no effect on both phases. Therefore the NO/cGMP/KATP pathway might have an important role in the antinociceptive effect of REO.
Neutron Stars Are Giant Hypernuclei

Neutron stars are studied in the framework of Lagrangian field theory of interacting nucleons, hyperons, and mesons, which is solved in the mean field approximation. The theory is constrained to account for the four bulk properties of nuclear matter; the saturation binding and density, compressibility, and charge symmetry energy. The cores of the heavier neutron stars are found to be dominated by hyperons, and the total hyperon population for such stars is 15%--20%, depending on whether pions condense or not. The rho-meson, which contributes to the isospin symmetry energy, has an important influence on the baryon populations. Lepton populations are strongly suppressed and charge neutrality is achieved among the hadrons. A possible consequence for the decay time of the magnetic field of pulsars and hence for their active lifetime is mentioned.
Time Courses of Attended and Ignored Object Representations

Abstract Selective attention prioritizes information that is relevant to behavioral goals. Previous studies have shown that attended visual information is processed and represented more efficiently, but distracting visual information is not fully suppressed, and may also continue to be represented in the brain. In natural vision, to-be-attended and to-be-ignored objects may be present simultaneously in the scene. Understanding precisely how each is represented in the visual system, and how these neural representations evolve over time, remains a key goal in cognitive neuroscience. In this study, we recorded EEG while participants performed a cued object-based attention task that involved attending to target objects and ignoring simultaneously presented and spatially overlapping distractor objects. We performed support vector machine classification on the stimulus-evoked EEG data to separately track the temporal dynamics of target and distractor representations. We found that (1) both target and distractor objects were decodable during the early phase of object processing (∼100 msec to ∼200 msec after target onset), and (2) the representations of both objects were sustained over time, remaining decodable above chance until ∼1000-msec latency. However, (3) the distractor object information faded significantly beginning after about 300-msec latency. These findings provide information about the fate of attended and ignored visual information in complex scene perception.
A cercarial invadolysin interferes with the host immune response and facilitates infection establishment of Schistosoma mansoni

Schistosoma mansoni employs immune evasion and immunosuppression to overcome immune responses mounted by its snail and human hosts. Myriad immunomodulating factors underlie this process, some of which are proteases. Here, we demonstrate that one protease, an invadolysin we have termed SmCI-1, is released from the acetabular glands of S. mansoni cercaria and is involved in creating an immunological milieu favorable for survival of the parasite. The presence of SmCI-1 in the cercarial stage of S. mansoni is released during transformation into the schistosomula. SmCI-1 functions as a metalloprotease with the capacity to cleave collagen type IV, gelatin and fibrinogen. Additionally, complement component C3b is cleaved by this protease, resulting in inhibition of the classical and alternative complement pathways. Using SmCI-1 knockdown cercariae, we demonstrate that SmCI-1 protects schistosomula from complement-mediated lysis in human plasma. We also assess the effect of SmCI-1 on cytokine release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, providing compelling evidence that SmCI-1 promotes an anti-inflammatory microenvironment by enhancing production of IL-10 and suppressing the production of inflammatory cytokines like IL-1B and IL-12p70 and those involved in eosinophil recruitment and activation, like Eotaxin-1 and IL-5. Finally, we utilize the SmCI-1 knockdown cercaria in a mouse model of infection, revealing a role for SmCI-1 in S. mansoni survival.
PG 0844+349 revisited - is there any outflow?

Aims. The detection of high velocity absorption lines from highly ionized material has been reported recently from the X-ray spectrum of the narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxy PG 0844+349 and were interpreted as a relativistic outflow from the source. We studied this outflow because it would have important implications for our understanding of narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxies. Methods. To address the reality of these absorption features, we analyzed a long XMM observation with the MOS cameras on this object. Results. We did not detect the absorption lines claimed, and a re-analysis of the previous data set with the most recent detector calibrations did not confirm the earlier results. The X-ray spectra can be well modeled with a power law plus a bremsstrahlung component. With this description, the soft and the harder 2-10 keV X-ray flux changed by a similar fraction ($\simeq$25%) between the two observations with only small changes in the spectral form. An analysis of the hardness ratio variations within a single observation does not show any strong correlation between the hardness ratio and the continuum luminosity and we do not detect substantial lags between the hard and soft band fluxes.
Comprehensive Strategies of Flap Design for Repairing Cranium Exposure or Defects After Malignant Tumor Resection

Free tissue transfer is a great method for the reconstruction of craniofacial defects, especially in complicated situations such as calvarial defects and dura exposure. Latissimus dorsi muscle flap, anterolateral thigh flap, and radial forearm flap are 3 commonly used flaps that have distinct characteristics. The objective of the present study is to share our experiences with microvascular free flap reconstruction of cranium exposure or defects and to compare distinct microvascular free flap options. The authors reviewed 8 cases that received resection and reconstruction of craniofacial tumors. Perioperative and reconstructive techniques employed to improve flap survival, esthetic outcome, and prevent complications in these patients were retrospectively detailed. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of latissimus dorsi muscle flap, anterolateral thigh flap, and radial forearm flap were illustrated in this study. The authors believe that taking advantage of these flaps according to the characteristics of defects and flaps will contribute to a good functional and esthetic outcome.
Effects of Kisspeptin on Sexual Brain Processing and Penile Tumescence in Men With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Key Points Question Does kisspeptin administration modulate sexual brain processing in men with low sexual desire due to hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD)? Findings In this randomized clinical trial of 32 men with HSDD, kisspeptin administration significantly modulated brain activity in key structures of the sexual-processing network vs placebo and increased sexual behavior and penile tumescence in response to visual sexual stimuli. Meaning These data provide early promise of efficacy for the pharmacological use of kisspeptin-based therapeutics as a treatment for men with low sexual desire.
Placental T-Cadherin Correlates With Trophoblastic Invasion Anomalies: Placenta Percreta and Fetal Growth Restriction

In this study, we compared the placental T-cadherin staining intensity of pregnant women with placenta percreta (PP) and asymmetrical fetal growth restriction (FGR) compared with healthy control pregnancies. Placental T-cadherin levels of the placenta of 86 pregnant women in total, 25 with FGR, 30 with healthy pregnant subjects, and 31 with PP, were examined using monoclonal anti-T-cadherin (CDH13) antibody for immunohistochemical examination. In immunohistochemistry, H-scores were used for each group to compare the expression of T-cadherin in extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells. T-cadherin H-score of EVTs was highest in the FGR group and the lowest in the PP group. The difference in H-score between the FGR group and the control group was not statistically significant (P=0.344). The difference between the PP group and the other 2 groups was significant (P<0.0001). Multivariable linear regression analysis with a stepwise elimination method was performed in order to identify demographic and clinical parameters with significant effects on the T-cadherin H-score of EVTs. The estimation results identified only the disease group as a significant predictor of the H-score of EVTs (R 2=0.340, P<0.0001). The highest T-cadherin H-score of EVTs was found in the FGR group and the lowest in the PP group. The low T-cadherin H-score values in the PP group suggest that low T-cadherin EVTs may be associated with increased placental invasion. Likewise, despite the statistical insignificance, a higher T-cadherin H-score of EVTs in FGR compared with controls implies a decreased invasiveness of the placenta in FGR.
Muscle model control of knee joint torque in a powered lower-body orthosis

Graphical abstract Powered orthoses that employ virtual muscle models for specifying motor commands may better produce natural, human-like joint torque and motion outputs. Here, we design and implement a muscle controller based on the standard 3-element Hill model that outputs a joint torque signal prescribed to the electric motors of a powered orthosis. Real-time simulation of muscle dynamics in a MATLAB/Simulink environment was expressed through a microcontroller on the Parker Hannifin Indego orthosis. To initially demonstrate and examine the force-length and force-velocity relationships of the virtual muscles, we programmed the Indego to perform standard isokinetic and isometric rehabilitation exercises at the knee joint. A Biodex-2 isokinetic dynamometer was used to apply constraints and actively measure changes in knee joint angle, velocity, and torque. The observed torque rise time (∼126 ms) and profiles for torque-angle and torque-velocity for the muscle-model at the knee joint of the orthosis compared favorably to results reported for humans undergoing the same exercises. We further demonstrate potential feasibility for real-world implementation through measures of root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2), which indicate good matching between the commanded and measured torque outputs. This pilot study represents the first step in developing and implementing control strategies for powered orthoses based on human muscle models.
Hierarchy of Intra- and Cross-modal Redundancy Gains in Visuo-tactile Search: Evidence from the Posterior Contralateral Negativity

Abstract Redundant combination of target features from separable dimensions can expedite visual search. The dimension-weighting account explains these “redundancy gains” by assuming that the attention-guiding priority map integrates the feature-contrast signals generated by targets within the respective dimensions. The present study investigated whether this hierarchical architecture is sufficient to explain the gains accruing from redundant targets defined by features in different modalities, or whether an additional level of modality-specific priority coding is necessary, as postulated by the modality-weighting account (MWA). To address this, we had observers perform a visuo-tactile search task in which targets popped out by a visual feature (color or shape) or a tactile feature (vibro-tactile frequency) as well as any combination of these features. The RT gains turned out larger for visuo-tactile versus visual redundant targets, as predicted by the MWA. In addition, we analyzed two lateralized event-related EEG components: the posterior (PCN) and central (CCN) contralateral negativities, which are associated with visual and tactile attentional selection, respectively. The CCN proved to be a stable somatosensory component, unaffected by cross-modal redundancies. In contrast, the PCN was sensitive to cross-modal redundancies, evidenced by earlier onsets and higher amplitudes, which could not be explained by linear superposition of the earlier CCN onto the later PCN. Moreover, linear mixed-effect modeling of the PCN amplitude and timing parameters accounted for approximately 25% of the behavioral RT variance. Together, these behavioral and PCN effects support the hierarchy of priority-signal computation assumed by the MWA.
Factors influencing the reliability of statistical body surface potential map classification

The maximal distance between samples taken from the same multivariate distributions was studied experimentally as a function of the sample size and dimensionality using body surface potential map (BSPM) data from normal subjects. Experimental findings show that for a given sample size, the involvement of too many parameters (dimensionality) results in an unreliable conditional cumulative probability density (CCPD) estimate. Consequently, the diagnostic performance during classification can be significantly lower than anticipated on the basis of an inadequate training set. For a given sample size, there is an optimal dimensionality, below which representation accuracy and above which the CCPD estimation reliability are heavily compromised. <<ETX>>
Topical silver nanoparticles reduced with ethylcellulose enhance skin wound healing.

OBJECTIVE Silver nanoparticles (G-AgNPs) improve wound healing by promoting skin cell proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, G-AgNPs could act as drug carriers and wound healers in biomedicine. The current study aimed to improve skin wound healing using natural, safe G-AgNPs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The G-AgNPs were reduced with ethylcellulose (EC) and incorporated into an oil-in-water cream base. The size, charges, and wavelength were used to characterize the prepared G-AgNPs. Further, the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to provide the shape of G-AgNPs. Moreover, the skin wound healing was evaluated with the appropriate histopathological techniques in a mouse model with skin injury to prove the curative effects of G-AgNPs which was conducted for 15 days on 45 adult male albino rats. The effectiveness of G-AgNPs-EC cream for treating surgical skin wounds was assessed by histopathological (HP) examination of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections. RESULTS The produced G-AgNPs-EC showed a size of 183.9 ± 0.854 nm and a charge of -14.0 ± 0.351 mV. UV-VIS spectra showed a strong absorption of electromagnetic waves in the visible region at 381 nm. Furthermore, the TEM and SEM showed rounded NPs in nano size of the prepared G-AgNPs-EC. The G-AgNPs cream was pivotal in enhancing wounds' healing properties, improving the formation of wound granulation tissue, and enhancing the proliferation of epithelial tissue in rats. CONCLUSIONS The current study showed that G-AgNPs-EC is a new skin wound healer that speeds up healing.
Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) of Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in an Animal Model

Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is responsible for 40,000 deaths annually in the United States. A hallmark of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is elevated collagen deposition, which alters lung stiffness. Clinically relevant ways to measure changes in lung stiffness during pulmonary fibrosis are not available, and new noninvasive imaging methods are needed to measure changes in lung mechanical properties. Objectives Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an in vivo magnetic resonance imaging technique proven to detect changes in shear stiffness in different organs. This study used MRE, histology, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) to study changes in the mechanical and structural properties of the lungs after bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in pigs. Materials and Methods Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in 9 Yorkshire pigs by intratracheal instillation of 2 doses of bleomycin into the right lung only. Magnetic resonance elastography scans were performed at baseline and week 4 and week 8 postsurgery in a 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging scanner using a spin-echo echo planar imaging sequence to measure changes in lung shear stiffness. At the time of each scan, a BAL was performed. After the final scan, whole lung tissue was removed and analyzed for histological changes. Results Mean MRE-derived stiffness measurements at baseline, week 4, and week 8 for the control (left) lungs were 1.02 ± 0.27 kPa, 0.86 ± 0.29 kPa, and 0.68 ± 0.20 kPa, respectively. The ratio of the shear stiffness in the injured (right) lung to the uninjured control (left) lung at baseline, week 4, and week 8 was 0.98 ± 0.23, 1.52 ± 0.41, and 1.64 ± 0.40, respectively. High-dose animals showed increased protein in BAL fluid, elevated inflammation observed by the presence of patchy filtrates, and enhanced collagen and α-smooth muscle actin staining on histological sections. Low-dose animals and the control (left) lungs of high-dose animals did not show significant histopathological changes. Conclusion This study demonstrated that MRE can be used to detect changes in lung stiffness in pigs after bleomycin challenge.