Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knock&Tap: Classification and Localization of Knock and Tap Gestures using Deep Sound Transfer Learning

Gesture interaction is considered one of the promising approaches to control smart devices. In this paper, we present Knock&Tap, an audio-based approach that can perform gesture classification and gesture localization using deep transfer learning. Knock&Tap consists of a single 4-microphone array to record the sound of the user's knocking and tapping gestures and a wood/glass panel for knocking and tapping. Knock&Tap can be used in a situation or environment where vision-based gesture recognition is impossible due to the lighting condition or camera installation issue. Various experiments were conducted to validate the feasibility of Knock&Tap with 7 gesture types on both wood and glass panels. Our experimental results show that Knock&Tap predicts the gesture type and location with an accuracy of up to 97.24% and 92.05%, respectively.
Addressing Data Scarcity in Multimodal User State Recognition by Combining Semi-Supervised and Supervised Learning

Detecting mental states of human users is crucial for the development of cooperative and intelligent robots, as it enables the robot to understand the user’s intentions and desires. Despite their importance, it is difficult to obtain a large amount of high quality data for training automatic recognition algorithms as the time and effort required to collect and label such data is prohibitively high. In this paper we present a multimodal machine learning approach for detecting dis-/agreement and confusion states in a human-robot interaction environment, using just a small amount of manually annotated data. We collect a data set by conducting a human-robot interaction study and develop a novel preprocessing pipeline for our machine learning approach. By combining semi-supervised and supervised architectures, we are able to achieve an average F1-score of 81.1% for dis-/agreement detection with a small amount of labeled data and a large unlabeled data set, while simultaneously increasing the robustness of the model compared to the supervised approach.
A Survey of Design Technology for SRAM

Static access memory (SRAM) is a very fast and low power memory. Due to low power consumption SRAM has become most popular in low power application The power consumption of SRAM varies widely depending on how frequently it is accessed. In this paper we design a low power circuit for 64 bit SRAM using bottom-up approach. We use 0.12 micron technology and 0.18 micron technology for designing low power dissipation SRAM with micro wind.
Integrated control method for a fuel cell hybrid system

To apply a fuel cell engine (FCE) on a hybrid electric vehicle, an integrated control method is put forward according to the driving characteristics of the vehicle. The FCE's output power is self-regulated to minimize hydrogen consumption and at the same time to meet the driving power requirement of the vehicle. For the difference of the power output dynamics, the actual power difference between the FCE and the vehicle load is compensated passively by a secondary power battery pack. Vehicle experiments show that the fuel cell hybrid system works well without any adverse influence on the vehicle power performance. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of educational background in pathological stage and treatment modalities in Iranian breast cancer patients: A retrospective single-center study

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed visceral cancer, with 13,400 new cases annually in Iranian women. A few studies in Western countries have indicated that BC patients with higher educational backgrounds have a better prognosis than patients with lower educational backgrounds. In a retrospective single-center study, we examined educational background and its relationship with pathological stage and treatment modalities in 3010 BC patients. Materials and Methods: The medical records of the patients from the database at the Cancer Research Center of the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were reviewed. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to link educational background to pathological BC stage and treatment modalities. Results: The average age at diagnosis was 49.1 ± 11.6 years. Regarding education level, 4.2% of the patients were illiterate, 7.8% had primary school level education, 7.5% had middle school level education, 21.8% had secondary school and diploma level education, 18.6% had university level education and higher, and 40.1% had unspecified level education. Based on the univariate logistic regression analysis, the illiterate group had 65.1% of early-stage BC (Stages I and II) and the university level education and higher group had 73.4% of early-stage BC (P < 0.001). The rate of receiving chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy was 35.7%, 42.1%, and 50% in the illiterate group and 93.7%, 64.3%, and 71.1% in the university level education and higher group, respectively (P < 0.001). Moreover, the rate of breast-conserving surgery was 15.1%, 18%, 16.3%, 42.5%, and 73.2% in the illiterate, primary school level education, middle school level education, secondary school and diploma level education, and university level education and higher groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The study's findings showed that educational background had a signiﬁcant impact on pathological staging and the selection of treatment modalities.
Nuclear Progestin Receptor Mediated Linkage of Blood Coagulation and Ovulation

Ovulation is a dramatic remodeling process that includes rupture of blood capillaries and clotting, but coagulation is not thought to directly regulate this process. Herein, we report remarkable increases of coagulation factors V (f5, ∼3145-fold) and tissue factor (f3a, ∼120-fold) in zebrafish ovarian follicle cells during ovulation. This increase was mediated through the nuclear progestin receptor (Pgr), which is essential for ovulation in zebrafish, and was totally abolished in ovarian follicular cells from pgr-/- mutants. In addition, promoter activities of f5 and f3a were significantly enhanced by progestin (DHP) via Pgr. Similar regulation of human F5 promoter activity was induced via human PGRB, suggesting a conserved mechanism. Site-directed mutagenesis of the zebrafish f5 promoter further demonstrated a direct regulation of coagulation factors via progestin response elements. Moreover, a stark increase of erythrocytes occurred in capillaries meshed in wildtype preovulatory follicles but was absent in pgr-/- mutants. Interestingly, anticoagulants significantly inhibited ovulation both in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Furthermore, reduced fecundity was observed in f5+/- female zebrafish. Taken together, our study provides plausible evidence for steroid regulation of coagulation factors, and a new hypothesis for blood clotting triggered ovulation in vertebrates.
Predicting Worker Accuracy from Nonverbal Behaviour: Benefits and Potential for Algorithmic Bias

With the rise of algorithmic management (and online work in general), there is a growing interest in techniques that can monitor worker performance. For example, if a system can automatically detect whether a worker is becoming distracted or disengaged, it can intervene to motivate the worker or flag their output as requiring further quality control. Prior research has explored the potential for detecting nonverbal cues that could predict mistakes (e.g., detecting boredom in students or fatigue in drivers). Here, we learn a model that reliably predicts worker accuracy from nonverbal behaviour during tedious and repetitive annotation tasks. We show that the annotation accuracy can be substantially improved by discarding annotations that are predicted to be of low accuracy by the model. While these results are promising, recent concerns about algorithmic bias led us to further investigate whether the accuracy is influenced by skin tone. Unfortunately, we find that the algorithm showed systematic bias that disadvantaged some dark-skinned workers and incorrectly rewarded some with lighter-skin. We discuss the apparent reasons for this bias and suggestions for how and if such methods could be deployed to enhance worker engagement.
Oral cancer diagnostics: An overview

Cancer was first mentioned in medicine texts by Egyptians. Ancient Indians studied oral cancer in great detail under Susruta. Cancer has continued to be a challenge to physicians from ancient times to the present. Over the years, cancer underwent a shift in management from radical surgeries toward a more preventive approach. Early diagnosis is vital in reducing cancer-associated mortality especially with oral cancer. Even though the mainstay of oral cancer diagnosis still continues to be a trained clinician and histopathologic examination of malignant tissues. Translating innovation in technological advancements in diagnostic aids for oral cancer will require both improved decision-making and a commitment toward optimizing cost, skills, turnover time between capturing data and obtaining a useful result. The present review describes the conventional to most advanced diagnostic modalities used as oral cancer diagnostics. It also includes the new technologies available and the future trends in oral cancer diagnostics.
Influence Of Parents Sources And Level Of Income On Teenage Pregnancies In Public Primary Schools In Nandi South-Sub County

The rate of teenage pregnancy among the school going girls in both primary and secondary schools in Kenya has been on the increase in the past few years. Each year the media highlights the high number of girls failing to sit their final primary (KCPE) or secondary school examinations (KCSE) or doing the exams when expectant. The present paper aimed to establish the influence of parents sources and level of income on teenage pregnancies in public primary schools in Nandi South-Sub County. The study was guided by The Social Learning Theory which was propounded by a Canadian psychologist in the 1960s. The study adopted a descriptive research design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. This study design will enable the researcher to collect data from the population on their perceptions and attitudes while determining their current status in regard to the study topic and the variables of the study on the research topic. Nandi South SubCounty is one of the 5 sub counties found in Nandi County, North Rift of Kenya, (IEBC 2020). The target population of this study comprised of teenage pupils (both boys and girls) in class 8 and class 7, teenage mothers, class teachers, education officers and head teachers, who are the recognized administrators of schools. According to the Ministry of Education, Nandi South sub-county education office, there are a total of 72 public primary schools in the area with a total of 14, 855 class 7 and 8 pupils, (boys, 7,963 and girls 6, 892). This study used two sets of questionnaires and in interview to collect data. Majority of the respondents (59.1%) said that it influences academic performance to either a very great extent or to a great extent. The mean score of descriptive statistics was 2.65 (std dev=0.939) which had been coded ‘a great extent’ on the Likert scale.
Mifepristone Ameliorates Sleep Deprivation-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Testis of Rats

Sleep deprivation is becoming an everyday experience and has been associated with generation of chronic stress and low level of testosterone. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of mifepristone on testicular oxidative stress and serum inflammatory markers in sleep deprivation induced chronic stress in rats. Twenty five rats were divided into five groups (n=5) and designated as follows: Group 1: Control, Group 2: sleep deprived (SD), Group 3: sleep deprived and sleep recovery (SD+SR), Group 4: sleep deprived mifepristone treated (SD+MIF), Group 5: sleep deprived and recovery mifepristone treated (SD+SR+MIF). Rats were sleep deprived for five days, mifepristone 10mg/kg was given orally for mifepristone treated groups while recovery groups were allowed to recover for five days. At the end of the experiments cortisol, testosterone, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and c reactive protein (CRP) were analysed while testicular malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) were also evaluated. Rats in SD group had significantly increased level of MDA and cortisol, IL-6 and CRP levels (p<0.05), while showing significantly reduced the levels of testosterone, GSH, and CAT (p<0.05). Treatment with mifepristone reversed the changes in the MDA, GSH, CAT, cortisol, testosterone levels (p<0.05), while only sleep deprived recovery (SD+SR) reversed changes in IL-6 and CRP. The present findings indicate that mifepristone possesses antioxidant properties which may ameliorate the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and production of antioxidant enzymes in the testis. However, sleep recovery is important in reversing inflammatory changes due to sleep deprived induced chronic stress.
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF CYCLO-STATIONARY FEATURE DETECTION TECHNIQUE FOR EFFICIENT SPECTRUM USAGE: FUTURE RESEARCH AND RECENT ADVANTAGES

: Throughout the years various techniques were introduced to facilitate a better experience for communication channel users. Techniques like OFDM has enabled more efficiency, better performance, lower interface and many other advantages over previous techniques. But none of these techniques achieve maximum coverage of the spectrum. Cognitive radio is an intelligent approach to this situation. While there are various methods and theories that qualify to perform spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks, cyclo-stationary sensing, energy detection and matched filter method stand out as the most used ones. In this paper we concentrate mainly on cyclo-stationary spectrum sensing under blind parameters and under OFDM modulation conditions. Simulation results of MATLAB code for the same are given as well.
A Simple Approach on Web Based Classification of Face Recognition Based on Individual Data using Internet on Things and its Applications

: This proposed research is a new methodology of recognizing face using Individual Eigen Subspaces and it’s implemented in the field of Image Processing for Personnel verification or recognition using basic components and Data Applications of Internet on Things and its Applications. A major objective of this proposed work is to develop a tool for face recognition, which can help in quicker and effective analysis of a face from the face set, thus reducing false acceptance rate and false rejection rate. Face recognition has been widely explored in the past years. A lot of techniques have been applied in various applications. Robustness and reliability have become more and more important for these applications especially in security systems. In this proposed research , a variety of approaches for face recognition are reviewed first using Internet on Things with Data Classification methods . These approaches are classified according to three basic tasks: face representation
Gait Characteristics for a Lower Limb Exoskeleton Implementing the Precedence Walking Assistance Mechanism

In this paper, we analyse human gait patterns, including knee and hip joint torques and muscle activities, during step initiation phase and continuous walking phase. Additionally, we present a lower limb exoskeleton called the Unmanned Technology Research Centre Exoskeleton (UTRCEXO) implementing a precedence walking assistance mechanism based on the gait characteristics. The operator equipped with the Unmanned Technology Research Centre Exoskeleton (UTRCEXO) walks with a 15 kg load at 3.3 km/h step velocity.
Flip chip on paper assembly utilizing anisotropic conductive adhesive

Motorola BiStatix is a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag that utilizes a small RF silicon chip embedded in a carbon ink antenna. Unlike bar codes, which are passive tags, BiStatix identification tags can transmit and receive two-way information to help identify, track and route packages remotely. The concept of flipping or inverting a silicon chip to be mounted on a paper substrate offers distinct advantages and enables meeting the cost and performance goals of this new product technology. The unbumped (bare) flip chip - without a dielectric layer and conductive polymer bumps - is aligned and placed on the paper substrate with compressive force. A thin layer of anisotropic conductive adhesive (ACA) is used to attach the IC chip to the conductive ink antenna on the paper substrate. The conductive adhesive underfills and cures in a few seconds. Advantages of this process are the elimination of additional curing processes and reduced equipment requirements. Another advantage is the capability of the adhesive to fill the narrow gap under the chip, enabling a lower interconnect height and a reduced total IC packaging thickness. This paper discusses the assembly reliability results for this low cost flip chip on paper technology utilized in the BiStatix RFID tag.
Comparison Between Parkinson Disease Patients and Healthy Subjects in a Procedural Motor Learning Task: Preliminary Results

We are studying if Parkinson disease patients (PD) have a learning deficit, particularly a procedural motor learning deficit. PD patients, age-matched and young adult controls were asked to execute point-to-point movements in a “virtual mechanical environment” generated by a portable robot. We compare the learning rate of subjects while they learned to manipulate the novel force field. Our preliminary results suggest that PD patients present a deficit in the rate of procedural motor learning and that we can estimate their learning specific “equivalent” age.
Assessing the effectiveness of US voluntary environmental programmes: An empirical study

In the last 10 years, there has been an increased interest in improved environmental management. The interest has been made more noteworthy since it is global in nature. Given the global interest in improved environmental management, it is still important to understand how specific business organizations are influenced by the local environment in which they are located. This study examines how US plants have reacted to various programmes and initiatives encountered in the USA. These initiatives, which include Responsible Care ® , 33/50 and ISO 14001 certification, can be viewed as embodying alternative foci (outcome versus process) and procedures (self-assessment versus external assessment). The study assesses the relative effectiveness of four voluntary environmental programmes using data generated from a large-scale mail survey. The results indicate that while all four environmental programmes generate a positive impact on the various dimensions of corporate performance, one (ISO 14001 certification), tends to have a greater relative impact on several dimensions of corporate performance.
Single transistor three phase power conditioners with high power factor and isolated output

A favourable method of converting power from a three-phase AC input voltage source to an isolated DC voltage output source is presented. It improves the power factor at the input of the converter. The circuits are based on inductive energy storage and only use a single transistor to switch the transformer(s). A special control algorithm for the IGBT is not required as the input voltage and input current of the power factor conditioner are proportional. It is possible to determine the maximum transistor voltage by dimensioning the circuit parameters. The output voltage is isolated from the input voltage. <<ETX>>
Polymeric Nanoparticles: Exploring the Current Drug Development and Therapeutic Insight of Breast Cancer Treatment and Recommendations

This manuscript aims to provide the latest update on polymeric nanoparticle drug delivery system for breast cancer treatment after 2015 and how research-oriented it is based on the available research data. Therefore, the authors have chosen breast cancer which is the most frequent and common reason for mortality in women worldwide. The first-line treatment for breast cancer treatment is chemotherapy, apart from surgery, radiation and hormonal therapy. Chemotherapy is associated with lesser therapeutics and undesirable side effects and hence. In addition, drug resistance affects the therapeutic dose to the target site. Although various nano-based formulations have been developed for effective treatment, the polymeric nanoparticles effectively avoid the lacunae of conventional chemotherapy. There has been an effort made to understand the chemotherapy drugs and their conventional formulation-related problems for better targeting and effective drug delivery for breast cancer treatment. Thus, the polymeric nanoparticles as a strategy overcome the associated problems with resulting dose reduction, enhanced bioavailability, reduced side effects, etc. This present review has compiled the research reports published from 2015 to 2021 from different databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, which are related to breast cancer treatment in which the drug delivery of numerous chemotherapeutic agents alone or in combination, including phytoconstituents formulated into various polymer-based nanoparticles.
Explanatory models, illness, and treatment experiences of patients with psychosis using the services of traditional and faith healers in three African countries: Similarities and discontinuities

As part of formative studies to design a program of collaborative care for persons with psychosis, we explored personal experience and lay attributions of illness as well as treatment among persons who had recently received care at traditional and faith healers’ (TFHs) facilities in three cultural groups in Sub-Saharan Africa. A purposive sample of 85 individuals in Ibadan (Nigeria), Kumasi (Ghana), and Nairobi (Kenya) were interviewed. Data was inductively explored for themes and analysis was informed by the Framework Method. Across the three sites, illness experiences featured suffering and disability in different life domains. Predominant causal attribution was supernatural, even when biological causation was also acknowledged. Prayer and rituals, steeped in traditional spiritual beliefs, were prominent both in traditional faith healing settings as well as those of Christianity and Islam. Concurrent or consecutive use of TFHs and conventional medical services was common. TFHs provided services that appear to meet the therapeutic goals of their patients even when harmful treatment practices were employed. Cultural and linguistic differences did not obscure the commonality of a core set of beliefs and practices across these three groups. This similarity of core worldviews across diverse cultural settings means that a collaborative approach designed in one cultural group would, with adaptations to reflect differences in context, be applicable in another cultural group. Studies of patients’ experience of illness and care are useful in designing and implementing collaborations between biomedical and TFH services as a way of scaling up services and improving the outcome of psychosis.