Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High performance of the support vector machine in classifying hyperspectral data using a limited dataset

To prospect mineral deposits at regional scale, recognition and classification of hydrothermal alteration zones using remote sensing data is a popular strategy. Due to the large number of spectral bands, classification of the hyperspectral data may be negatively affected by the Hughes phenomenon. A practical way to handle the Hughes problem is preparing a lot of training samples until the size of the training set is adequate and comparable with the number of the spectral bands. In order to gather adequate ground truth instances as training samples, a time-consuming and costly ground survey operation is needed. In this situation that preparing enough field samples is not an easy task, using an appropriate classifier which can properly work with a limited training dataset is highly desirable. Among the supervised classification methods, the Support Vector Machine is known as a promising classifier that can produce acceptable results even with limited training data. Here, this capability is evaluated when the SVM is used to classify the alteration zones of Darrehzar district. For this purpose, only 12 sampled instances from the study area are utilized to classify Hyperion hyperspectral data with 165 useable spectral bands. Results demonstrate that if parameters of the SVM, namely C and σ, are accurately adjusted, the SVM can be successfully used to identify alteration zones when field data samples are not available enough.
Combining methods for simulating and improving the Emergency Rescue Chain

Emergency Rescue Chain (ERC) corresponds to the process activated by a sudden illness and that culminates in the arrival to the health care facility, being centred on occurrences outside hospital emergency systems. Out of hospital emergency medical systems hold three main actions: 112 calling, dispatching and ambulatory service. This thesis develops a methodology – based on computer simulation techniques – to explore and evaluate the ERC, researching whether computational simulation methods are worth being applied to monitor and improve the chain underlying processes. The methodology is developed and is specifically used to explore differences across ERCs from two European nations, Portugal and Germany. Portuguese and German ERC will be detailed, as well as the main challenges faced by them. Furthermore, the application of the methodology focuses on stroke ERC, a highly time-dependent rescue disturbance. The proposed approach corresponds to a set of ordered steps and combines discrete with agent based simulation. The results depict how the use of the methodology is flexible and useful for evaluation and analyse of distinct ERC’s. Nevertheless, the obtained results are merely illustrations on how the methodology can be used in practice and generate useful insights. Overall, the main contribution of this thesis is the proposed methodology as well as the verification that computational simulation models can be used to evaluate EMS topics, such as the ERC.
Producing of potato varieties resistant to fusarial wilt by cell selection

The experiment has determined the characteristic features of callusogenesis, regeneration as well as of receiving resistant to fusariosis of potatoes cell lines in simulated conditions of biotic stress. The technologic elements of potato cell selection towards its resistance to Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium sabucinum were presented. We succeeded in separating the lines which during a 3-year period of research were characterised by a higher resistance point as compared to the original varieties Gurman and Tyras. The plants-regenerants received on the selective medium were characterised by higher resistance (by 10–35%) to the pathogens action as compared to the regenerants of a control variant. The received lines were estimated on their yield capacity and starch content. The lines deviations on economically valuable indices either increased or decreased as to characteristic value. Herewith, the deviation upward is 25–75% depending on characteristics. The combination of maximal characteristic values was found in lines 12 and 28 of Gurman variety. The received lines were given to the selection-breeding plot for further testing. Key words: Potatoes; Culture in vitro; Cell selection; Selective medium; Phytotoxic metabolites; Plants-regenerants. References Behnke, Ð. (1980). General resistance to late blight of Solanum tuberosum plants regenerated from callus resistant to culture filtrates of Phytophthora infestans. Theor. and Appl. Genet. , 9, 151–152. Bolic, M. , Foroughi-Wehr, B. , & Kohler, F. (1986). In vitro selection for disease resistance in potato and barley. Nuclear Technigues and in vitro Culture for Plant Improvement, 12, 275–285. Kalashnikova, E.A. (2003). Cell selection of plants on their resistance to fungus diseases. Thesis of Doctoral Dissertation. Moscow (in Russian). Murashige, T. & Scoog, A. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. , 15, 473–497. Podgayetskiy, A.A. & Gorbas, S.B. (2013). The feasibility of getting high-starch forms from among the progeny from crossing of interspecific hybrids. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University, 3(25), 224–228 Polozhenets, V.M. , Tymoschuk, O.A. & Zhuravska, I.A. (2006). Fusarium dry rot of potatoe. Quarantine and plants protection, 8, 13–15. Zaharchuk, N.A. (2013). The effectiveness of potatoe selection in vitro on its resistance to Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium sambucinum. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University, 11 (26), 188–228.
La mélatonine dans le système circadien

Chez les Mammiferes l'horloge biologique circadienne principale est localisee dans les noyaux suprachiasmatiques de l'hypothalamus. Cette horloge, dont la periode est legerement differente de 24 heures, est synchronisee avec le temps astronomique, essentiellement par le cycle jour/nuit. Pour cette remise a l'heure, les differents synchroniseurs agissent sur la boucle moleculaire principale a la base des oscillations circadiennes et plus particulierement sur les genes Per1 et Per2 . Une fois construites et synchronisees, les oscillations circadiennes sont distribuees a tout l'organisme par des signaux efferents de l'horloge, et l'interaction complexe entre les signaux nerveux, endocrines et/ou comportementaux permet l'organisation temporelle des fonctions. La melatonine est un important signal hormonal efferent de l'horloge qui definit la "nuit biologique". Elle est capable d'imposer un rythme circadien aux structures qui expriment des recepteurs de la melatonine, et joue un role majeur dans l'homeostasie temporelle. La presence de recepteurs de la melatonine dans les noyaux suprachiasmatiques indique que l'hormone retro-agit sur l'horloge elle-meme et donc, que la melatonine exogene a la capacite d'agir sur le systeme circadien, ce qui a ete demontre experimentalement (effet chronobiotique). La melatonine peut donc agir comme un synchroniseur de l'horloge. Par contre, et de facon surprenante car contraire a celui des autres synchroniseurs, cet effet chronobiotique de la melatonine ne passe pas par une action directe sur les genes Per1 et/ou Per2 , mais sur Rev-erb α , un gene implique dans la boucle modulatrice de la machinerie moleculaire de l'horloge.
Cold Acclimation and Freezing Stress Tolerance: Role of Protein Metabolism

INTRODUCTION . 187 ICE FORMATION IN PLANTS. 189 Intracellular Freezing . 189 Extracellular Freezing . 190 GENETICS OF FREEZING TOLERANCE . 192 Overwintering. 192 Cold Acclimation. 193 CO LD ACCLIMATION . 195 Inducible Response . 195 Kinetics of Cold Acclimation and Deacclimation. 196 Protein Metabolism . 199 Candidate Genes for Upregulation during Cold Acclimation . 209 CONCLUDING REMA RKS . 214
Costs of Corporate Bond Issue in Coal Mining Companies

In Poland, more than 90% of electricity production is based on coal fuel. Meanwhile, the financial situation of the mining industry is quite challenging. Companies in this sector are in debt, generating losses caused by a sharp drop in coal prices and a simultaneous increase in extraction costs that result from descending into lower levels of coal deposits. At the same time, banks are reluctant to loan money because of the risk of a borrowing entity’s default. Increasingly, companies are turning to bond issue to maintain their liquidity and finance development projects. However, bondholders impose conditions in the form of covenants that are often difficult to satisfy, and the strictest relate to the level of a company’s indebtedness and ability-to-repay-debt financial ratios. This article discusses bond issue costs. The authors analyze the bond issue programs of three of the four mining companies operating in Poland. The fourth company did not issue any bonds. Bond issue costs are composed of interest payable to investors, issue preparation and support costs, collateralization costs, and the cost of recording and organizing the sale. The main cost involved in bond issuance is the coupon cost, which depends on the company’s financial health and its level of indebtedness, the purpose of the issue, its volume, and the type and quality of the safeguards against the risk of loss of funds invested by bondholders. Bonds issued by coal mining companies are assumed mainly by banks, which demand high interest due to the poor financial condition of the issuers. In addition to interest, companies also pay a capital commitment fee, an arrangement fee and a fee for early redemption. Altogether, in relation to the costs of capital raised through a bank loan, the bond issue results in significantly higher costs of raising capital.
Control of mitochondrial gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

INTRODUCTION . 91 MITOCHONDRIAL GENES . 92 MITOCHONDRIAL TRANSFORMATION AND GENE REPLACEMENT. 93 TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL . 94 Promoter Structure 94 RNA Polymerase 95 Modulation of Transcription 96 RNA PROCESSING . 97 Specific Effects at mRNA Term ini . 97 Control of lntron Splicing by Nuclear Genes . 98 tRNA Processing and Base Modification . 99 Modulation of RNA Processing . 100 No Evidence to Date for RNA Editing in Yeast Mitochondria 100 TRANSLATION AND TRANSLATIONAL CONTROL . 100 General Features of the Mitochondrial Translation System . 101 mRNA-Specific Positive Control of Translation 102 Modulation of Translation . 104 POSTTRANSLATIONAL EVENTS. 105 CONCLUSIONS. 106
Ferritin: structure, gene regulation, and cellular function in animals, plants, and microorganisms.

PERSPECTIVES . 289 FERRITIN STRUCTURE 291 Apoferritin . 291 The Iron-A.poferritin Interface . 297 The Iron Core and Hemosiderin . 299 FERRITIN GENE REGULATION AND SYNTHESIS . 300 Translational Control . 301 Transcriptional Control or Changes in mRNA Stability. 302 Protein Srability . 304 Organization of Ferritin Genes . 304 CELLULAR FERRITIN FUNCTION 306 Mechanisms: Iron Uptake and Release 306 Variations in Animal and Plant Cell Types and Microorganisms . 308 Other Possible Roles for Ferritin. 309 CONCLUDING REMARKS . 3 1 0
Scientific Evidence on the Therapeutic Efficacy of Iyengar Yoga

Relaxation techniques are established in the management of cardiac patients during rehabilitation aiming to reduce future cardiac adverse events. It has been hypothesized that relaxation training programs may significantly improve cardiac autonomic nervous tone. However, this has so far not been proven for all available relaxation techniques. We tested this assumption by investigating cardiac vagal modulation during yoga. We examined 11 healthy yoga practitioners (7 women and 4 men, mean age: 43 ± 11; range: 26-58 years). Each individual was subjected to training units of 90 minutes once a week over 5 successive weeks. During two sessions they practised a yoga program developed for cardiac patients by B.K. S. Iyengar. On three sessions they practised a placebo program of relaxation. On each training day they underwent ambulatory 24 h Holter monitoring. The group of yoga practitioners was compared to a matched group of healthy individuals not practising any relaxation techniques. Parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) were determined hourly by a blinded observer. Mean RR (Rwave to Rwave) interval was significantly higher during the time of yoga intervention compared to placebo and to control (p<0.001for both). The increase in HRV parameters was significantly higher during yoga exercise than during placebo and control especially for the parameters associated with the vagal tone, i.e. mean SD of NN (Normal beat to Normal beat) intervals for all 5-minute intervals (SDNNi, p< 0.001 for both) and root mean square successive difference (rMSSD, p<0.01 for both). Relaxation by yoga training is associated with a significant increase of cardiac vagal modulation. Since this method is easy to apply with no side effects, it could be a suitable intervention in cardiac rehabilitation programs. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been established as a non-invasive tool to study cardiac autonomic activity. Reduced HRV has been established as a predictor for increased risk of cardiac mortality and sudden cardiac death (1-6) especial ly in patients after myocardial infarction. Several relaxation techniques have been established in the management of patients during cardiac rehabilitation aiming to reduce future Affiliations: Herz-Kreislauf-Zentrum Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany; *Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany e-mail: kerstin-khattab@t-online.de cardiac events via cardiac autonomic nervous activity. It has been hypothesized that relaxation training programs may improve the cardiac autonomic nervous tone. However, this has so far not been proven for all available relaxation techniques, such as yoga. Since more than 60 years B.K. S. Iyengar has been working therapeutically with patients after myocardial infarction. His method offers more than other techniques for relaxation do: the sequence of yoga asanas (exercises) and the individuality they are performed with, are adjusted to the severity of myocardial infarction,
Immunological enhancement as studied by cell culture techniques.

INTRODUCTION . • . " . , . • . • . 373 IMMUNOLOGICAL ENHANCEMENT OF TUMORS. 374 Demonstration of tumor-specific transplantation antigens in vivo and in vitro. 374 Some possible explanations as to why antigenic tumors can grow in vivo, as suggested by studies on cellular immunity to tumor antigens. 377 In vitro demonstration of a serum-mediated blocking of cellular immunity to T ST A 378 Mechanisms of the blocking serum effect . " . 383 Implications of blocking antibodies for tumor therapy. 385 EFFERENT ENHANCEMENT OF NORMAL TISSUES IN VITRO . • . , 387 Interaction between lymphocytes and sera from pregnant mice with "semisyn­ geneic" embryonic cells derived from the same mice. 388 Studies on chimeric dogs. 389 Possible relevance of the demonstration of blocking antibodies for organ trans­ plantation and with respect to autoimmunity. 390 Is TOLERANCE OF ALLOGRAFTS MEDIATED BY ENHANCING ANTIBODIES? • • 391
On the mechanism of amylose branching by potato Q-enzyme.

1. When potato Q-enzyme converts amylose into an amylopectin-like molecule, the action is by a random, endo-type transglycosylation of the substrate chains. 2. Inter-chain transfer takes place during the formation of the amylopectin branch linkage. This is seen in experiments in which radioactive label was transferred between substrates of disparate molecular weight. Intra-chain transfer, leading to the formation of a branch linkage, is not excluded by these experiments. 3. The minimum length of amylose chain that can act as an acceptor in the transglycosylation reaction, under the experimental conditions described, is greater than 40 glucose units. 4. The requirement of Q-enzyme for substrate chains at least 40 glucose units in length is interpreted as meaning that a stabilized secondary and tertiary structure must be established in the substrate before it can be utilized by Q-enzyme, and that the forces that provide such conformation are sufficiently strong only when the chains are longer than the minimum. Inter-chain transfer is seen as taking place by one of two mechanisms. The first involved the reaction of the enzyme with a chain that has a stabilized (helical? ) conformation. An enzyme-donor chain intermediate is formed, that then reacts with an acceptor chain to complete the transglycosylation. The second mechanism envisages the substrate for the enzyme as being a complex formed between two chains (a double helix? ). The enzyme encounters the complex and carries out an inter-chain transglycosylation reactions.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Sub-Tenon versus Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection during Cataract Surgery for Diabetic Macular Edema

Purpose: We compared the efficacy of sub-Tenon triamcinolone acetonide (STTA) to intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) injections during cataract surgery (CS) for patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: The medical records of 33 eyes (26 patients) with DME which had undergone CS with STTA were compared to those of 34 eyes (27 patients) with DME which had undergone CS with IVTA. Central foveal thickness and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were measured at the baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months after the surgery. Results: The BCVAs after STTA and IVTA were significantly improved at 3 and 6 months. Thirteen eyes in the IVTA group and 21 eyes in the STTA group required other therapies (p < 0.05). One case developed intraocular pressure elevation after IVTA and underwent selective la ser trabeculoplasty. Conclusions: Ophthalmologists should consider the merits and demerits of IVTA and STTA for DME treatment after CS.
Morphometric and population genetic analyses elucidate the origin, evolutionary significance and conservation implications of Orchis × angusticruris (O. purpurea × O. simia), a hybrid orchid new to Britain

We report the first confirmed occurrence in Britain of Orchis × angusticruris Franch. ex Rouy, a hybrid between two closely related orchid species of anthropomorphic Orchis (O. purpurea Huds. × O. simia Lam.) that hybridize frequently in Continental Europe. Seven individual hybrids, most likely F1 plants representing a single interspecific pollination event, first flowered with both parents in May 2006 at a nature reserve in the Chiltern Hills near Goring, Oxfordshire. Univariate and multivariate morphometric analyses (43 characters plus 12 indices), internal transcribed spacer sequencing, plastid microsatellites and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses together readily separate the parents and confirm that O. purpurea was the ovule parent and O. simia the pollen parent, presumably reflecting the greater frequency and/or later flowering period of the latter at the site. This study reinforces a more general observation that, in most orchids, the ovule parent contributes substantially more to the hybrid phenotype than does the pollen parent, perhaps reflecting cytoplasmic inheritance. In contrast, the hybrids are placed closer to O. simia than to O. purpurea in the AFLP tree. Apparently recent arrivals, the few O. purpurea plants at Goring contrast genetically with the two other small populations of this species known in the Chilterns, but rather are consistent with relatively uncommon Continental populations. This suggests that the plants may have been deliberately introduced at Goring by man, although transport from the Continent in high-level air currents cannot be ruled out. The Goring population of O. simia is likely to have become genetically impoverished through (1) preferential removal of many relatively fit plants to herbaria in the 19th century and/or (2) a catastrophic population crash in the first half of the 20th century. However, both our re-examination of herbarium specimens and our population genetic data indicate past hybridization among anthropomorphic Orchis species occurring naturally in the Chilterns. Thus, we tentatively recommend retention of the hybrid plants at Goring, despite their likely anthropogenic origin from Continental material and the partial viability of their pollen and seeds, which offers opportunities for future introgression. Although the Goring hybrids broadly resemble morphologically O. militaris, another anthropomorphic Orchis still found at two Chiltern localities, sufficient morphological and molecular differences were observed to strongly refute our initial hypothesis that O. militaris could have originated through hybridization between ancestors that resembled O. purpurea and O. simia. The comparatively complex genetic properties evident in both O. simia and O. purpurea merit further study. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 157, 687–711.
Initial computed tomography features of known inpatient ward versus intensive care admission COVID-19 cases: is there any difference?

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate initial computed tomography (CT), basic clinical and demographic features of cases with COVID-19 pneumonia with known inpatient ward and intensive care unit hospitalization. Methods: A total of 200 cases (103 males, 97 females; age range: 18-92 years) were retrospectively and randomly collected whom were hospitalized and followed up at infectious disease inpatient ward and intensive care unit (ICU). The initial CT findings were interpreted by two radiologists at the same session by consensus. Results: Cough (61%) and fever (54%) were the main symptoms at the onset presentation. Initial chest CT imaging revealed that 79.5% ground-glass opacities. Bilateral distribution (62.5%), peripheral and central distribution (45.5%), dorsal and ventral involvement (52.5%) were identified in all cases. CT features predominantly were at right and left lower lobes (69.5%, 62.5%; respectively). Cases with known ICU admission had statistically significant differences with inpatient ward admission cases in regards to CT features included mixed GGO and consolidation, bronchial wall thickening, pleural effusion, subpleural band, emphysema, coronary calcification, cardiothoracic ratio, aorta diameter. Conclusions: Initial CT features may be helpful for foreseeing admission to ICU as in clinical features.
Burnout and Psychological Vulnerability in First Responders: Monitoring Depersonalization and Phobic Anxiety during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: It is common knowledge that first responders are among the helping professionals most at risk of burnout and psychological vulnerability. During the COVID-19 pandemic, their mental health has been subjected to various risk factors. Methods: Data on socio-demographic characteristics, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and psychological vulnerability (SCL-90-R) were obtained from 228 subjects (55.3% female; M age = 45.23, SD = 13.14) grouped on the basis of their actual involvement during the emergency phases (82% First Responders and 18% Second Responders). Results: First responders exceeded the MBI clinical cut-off, while SRs did not (χ² ≥ 0.5); specifically, EE = 89.8%, DP = 85.8%, and PA = 82.1%. The FR group showed a higher mean in the global severity index (GSI = 49.37) than did the SRs (=43.95), and the FR group exceeded the clinical cut-off in the SCL-90-R scales of SOM (51.06), ANX (52.40), and PHOB (53.60), while the SF group did so only for the PHOB scale (50.41). The MBI dimensions correlated significantly (p = 0.05) with all investigated clinical scales of the SCL-90-R. Conclusions: Emergency situations expose first responders to specific risk factors related to work performance and relational aspects, which contribute to increased psychological vulnerability and burnout.