Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimación de la producción primaria neta de epífitos en praderas de fanerógamas de la bahía de Cádiz

The epiphytes organisms are an important element on the seagrass meadow systems. On the one hand these organisms have an effect on the development of the specie that it colonizes, playing a role of competence for nutrients and light. On the other hand they provide protection against drying at low tide and also constitute a basis for feeding many species. Epiphytic’s production may reach significant levels in comparison to global meadow’s production. In order to know the magnitude of the epiphyte’s net production on the meadows located in Cadiz bay, an experiment to show the evolution of net production was designed for all seasons. For this, two areas with different environmental characteristics were selected, which present different current intensities and water renovation. From each zone and season 30 Cymodocea nodosa’ specimens were taken, which epiphytes were extracted. Later, the plants were crossed replanted in both areas and ten artificial plants were added, in order to check the effect of the plants’ natural shields. After a known period of time, the samples were taken and the produced biomass was measured. The result was a net production between 140.15 (g DW/m2 and day) and (16.47 g DW/m2 and day) depending on the zone, this production represents between a 12.3% and 1.63% of the seagrass’ total net production of the bay. Differences between the areas were also observed, being the area with less intensity of current and less renewal the one with higher production levels.
Machine analysis of facial behaviour: naturalistic and dynamic behaviour

This article introduces recent advances in the machine analysis of facial expressions. It describes the problem space, surveys the problem domain and examines the state of the art. Two recent research topics are discussed with particular attention: analysis of facial dynamics and analysis of naturalistic (spontaneously displayed) facial behaviour. Scientific and engineering challenges in the field in general, and in these specific subproblem areas in particular, are discussed and recommendations for accomplishing a better facial expression measurement technology are outlined.
Effect of in utero and early-life conditions on adult health and disease.

Many lines of evidence, including epidemiologic data and extensive clinical and experimental studies, indicate that early life events play a powerful role in influencing later susceptibility to certain chronic diseases. This review synthesizes evidence from several disciplines to support the contention that environmental factors acting during development should be accorded greater weight in models of disease causation.
The probability of link and route maintenance in multi hop mobile ad hoc networks

Mobile ad hoc networks are being development quickly due to the availability of cheap 802.11 chips nowadays. A lot of algorithms are proposed to enhance the performance of mobile ad hoc networks. The main challenge in mobile ad hoc networks is mobility. Due to the moving node in the mobile ad hoc network, the route breaks frequently. In most of algorithms in the mobile ad hoc network, when constituting a route to destination node, the previous relay node will select as furthest node as possible to construct shortest path. The furthest node the previous node selects as the next hop relay node, the more possibly the link of the route will break in a short time. Researches need to be done in order to study the relation between the link and route maintenance probability and factors that affect the link and route maintenance probability. In this paper, we suggested the link maintenance probability model. And based on the link maintenance probability, route maintenance probability model was provided for mobile ad hoc networks.
A role for newly forming sea ice in springtime polar tropospheric ozone loss? Observational evidence from Halley station, Antarctica

Since March 2003, measurements of surface ozone have been made at the British Antarctic Survey Clean Air Sector Laboratory (CASLab) at Halley station in coastal Antarctica. Detailed measurements of boundary layer meteorology, as well as standard meteorological parameters, are also measured at the CASLab. Combining these data allows us to probe the transport pathway of air masses during ozone depletion events (ODEs). ODEs were observed at Halley on several occasions during Antarctic spring 2003. On some occasions, extremely rapid loss of ozone was observed (loss of 16 ppbv in 1 min on one occasion), which was associated with regional-scale transport. For each such event during 2003, the air mass originated in the southern Weddell Sea, an area of vigorous sea-ice production. On other occasions the development of the event and its recovery were strongly associated with the build-up and decline of a stable boundary layer. In these cases, air masses had had recent contact with a nearby open water lead where sea-ice production is known to occur. The data presented here are entirely consistent with the idea that halogens responsible for ozone loss are derived during new sea-ice formation from an associated surface such as brine slush or frost flowers.
An in-vitro Evaluation of canal transportation and centering ability of two rotary Nickel Titanium systems (Twisted Files and Hyflex files) with conventional stainless Steel hand K-flexofiles by using Spiral Computed Tomography.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this in-vitro study was to compare canal transportation and centering ability of Twisted and Hyflex Rotary Files with stainless steel hand k-flexofiles by using Spiral Computed Tomography. MATERIALS & METHODS A total of 90 freshly extracted human mandibular single rooted Premolar teeth were selected. The crowns were flattened with steel disks and a final dimension of 18-mm WL was achieved for each tooth. Canals were divided randomly into 3 groups of 30 teeth each. Group I:Hyflex files, Group II:Twisted files, Group III:stainless steel hand k-flexofiles. Three sections from apical, mid-root, and coronal levels of the canal were recorded. All the teeth were scanned before and after instrumentation by using Spiral Computed Tomography. RESULTS K-files showed highest transportation and less centered when compared to the Twisted and Hyflex rotary files. No significant difference was found between TF and Hyflex CM instruments. CONCLUSION TF and Hyflex files shaped curved root canals without significant shaping errors when compared to the Hand stainless steel k-flexofiles. How to cite this article: Kumar BS, Pattanshetty S, Prasad M, Soni S, Pattanshetty KS, Prasad S. An in-vitro Evaluation of canal transportation and centering ability of two rotary Nickel Titanium systems (Twisted Files and Hyflex files) with conventional stainless Steel hand K-flexofiles by using Spiral Computed Tomography. J Int Oral Health 2013;5(5):108-15.
Facial Expression: An Under-Utilized Tool for the Assessment of Welfare in Mammals

409 Received July 16, 2016; Accepted February 1, 2017; Epub February 8, 2017; doi:10.14573/altex.1607161 mal Welfare Act of 1966, last amended 20132; the UK Animal Welfare Act of 20063, and the New Zealand Animal Welfare Act, 1999, last amended 20154. The issue of animal welfare is particularly pertinent for the biosciences, where there is both an ethical and legal duty to minimize the impact of experimentation on animal models through refinement (e.g., EU Directive 2010/63/EU5, UK Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act of 1986, consolidated 20146) although such legislation does not cover all experimental animal models, for example, in the US, rats, mice, birds and farm animals used in bioscience are not covered by the US Animal Welfare Act2. This duty also extends beyond
Genetic reinforcement learning through symbiotic evolution for fuzzy controller design

An efficient genetic reinforcement learning algorithm for designing fuzzy controllers is proposed. The genetic algorithm (GA) adopted is based upon symbiotic evolution which, when applied to fuzzy controller design, matches well with the local mapping property of a fuzzy rule. Using this symbiotic-evolution-based fuzzy controller (SE-FC) design method, the number of control trials as well as consumed CPU time are reduced considerably as compared to traditional GA-based fuzzy controller design methods and other types of genetic reinforcement learning schemes. The proposed SE-FC design method has been applied to the cart-pole balancing system. Efficiency and superiority of the proposed SE-FC have been verified from this problem and from comparisons with the traditional GA-based fuzzy systems.
GEOSS clearinghouse: Integrating geospatial resources to support the global earth observation system of systems

Distributed and Parallel Computing, Monir H. Sharker and Hassan A. Karimi GEOSS Clearinghouse: Integrating Geospatial Resources to Support the Global Earth Observation System of Systems, Chaowei Yang, Kai Liu, Zhenlong Li, Wenwen Li, Huayi Wu, Jizhe Xia, Qunying Huang, Jing Li, Min Sun, Lizhi Miao, Nanyin Zhou, and Doug Nebert Using a Cloud Computing Environment to Process Large 3D Spatial Datasets, Ramanathan Sugumaran, Jeffrey Burnett, and Marc P. Armstrong Building Open Environments to Meet Big Data Challenges in Earth Sciences, Meixia Deng and Liping Di Developing Online Visualization and Analysis Services for NASA Satellite-Derived Global Precipitation Products during the Big Geospatial Data Era, Zhong Liu, Dana Ostrenga, William Teng, and Steven Kempler Algorithmic Design Considerations for Geospatial and/or Temporal Big Data, Terence van Zyl Machine Learning on Geospatial Big Data, Terence van Zyl Spatial Big Data: Case Studies on Volume, Velocity, and Variety, Michael R. Evans, Dev Oliver, Xun Zhou, and Shashi Shekhar Exploiting Big VGI to Improve Routing and Navigation Services, Mohamed Bakillah, Johannes Lauer, Steve H.L. Liang, Alexander Zipf, Jamal Jokar Arsanjani, Amin Mobasheri, and Lukas Loos Efficient Frequent Sequence Mining on Taxi Trip Records Using Road Network Shortcuts, Jianting Zhang Geoinformatics and Social Media: New Big Data Challenge, Arie Croitoru, Andrew Crooks, Jacek Radzikowski, Anthony Stefanidis, Ranga R. Vatsavai, and Nicole Wayant Insights and Knowledge Discovery from Big Geospatial Data Using TMC-Pattern, Roland Assam and Thomas Seidl Geospatial Cyberinfrastructure for Addressing the Big Data Challenges on the Worldwide Sensor Web, Steve H.L. Liang and Chih-Yuan Huang OGC Standards and Geospatial Big Data, Carl Reed Index
[An optimization method of weighted network module partition based on TCM theory of "monarch, minister, assistant and guide"].

The disease-gene-drug multi-level network constructed by network pharmacology can predict drug targets and has been widely used in the study of material basis and mechanism of action of Chinese medicinal prescriptions. However, most of the current studies have normalized the efficacies of Chinese herbal medicines in the compounds during the construction of the network. There is also a lack of in-depth exploration of the mechanism of synergy among multiple components. This study proposed a network module partition method based on group collaboration and the pharmacological network was weighed according to the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) theory of "monarch, minister, assistant and guide". Taking the Tanyu Tongzhi Prescription as an example, we constructed its pharmacological network for the treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The group collaboration module in the network was identified and the network changes before and after the weighting were compared based on the network topology analysis to explore a new method to find the core nodes of the network as well as the core drugs that affected the efficacy of the compounds. The results showed that the module partition method based on group collaboration could be used to identify and partition group collaboration mo-dules in pharmacological networks of compounds. The proposed weighted network based on the TCM theory of "monarch, minister, assistant, and guide" could identify and partition the modules based on the characteristics of the pharmacological network. The identification and partition results of modules of Tanyu Tongzhi Prescription in the weighted network were superior to those in the unweighted network. The weighted closeness centrality(WCC) evaluation method was conducive to finding key nodes and relations in the network as compared with traditional methods, thereby providing a basis for analyzing the core components of drugs and extracting more accurate drug components and targets.
Exploiting Lunar Natural and Augmented Thermal Environments for Exploration and Research

Near the poles of the Moon, there are permanently shadowed craters whose surface temperatures never exceed 100 K. Craters within craters, commonly referred to as double-shaded craters, have areas where even colder regions exist with, in many cases, temperatures that should never exceed 50 K. The presence of water ice possibly existing in permanently shaded areas of the moon has been hypothesized, discussed, and studied since Watson et al. [1] predicted the possibility of ice on the moon. Ingersoll et al. [2] estimated that the maximum sublimation rate for ice is less than 1 cm per billion years for these types of environments. These potential ice stores have many uses for lunar exploration, potentially providing precious water and rocket fuel for any human exploration or future colonization. The temperatures within these regions offer unprecedented high-vacuum cryogenic environments, which in their natural state could support cryogenic applications such as high-temperature superconductors and associated devices that could be derived. The potential application of naturally occurring cryogenic environments in conjunction with simple methods to augment these environments to achieve even colder temperatures opens the potential use of many additional cryogenic techniques. Besides ice stores and the potential for continuous solar illumination for power production, the unique cryogenic conditions at the lunar poles provide an environment that could reduce the power, weight, and total mass that would have to be carried from the Earth to the Moon for lunar exploration and research.
The geometry and motion of sharp fronts within geochemical transport problems

We consider some reactive geochemical transport problems in groundwater systems. When incoming fluid is in disequilibrium with the mineralogy, sharp transition fronts may develop. We show that this is a generic property for a class of systems where the time scales associated with reaction and diffusion phenomena are much shorter than those associated with advective transport. Such multiple timescale problems are relevant to a variety of processes in natural systems: mathematically, methods of singular perturbation theory reduce the dimension of the problems to be solved locally. Furthermore, we consider how spatial heterogeneous mineralogy can make an impact upon the propagation of sharp geochemical fronts. We develop an asymptotic approach in which we solve equations for the evolving geometry of the front and indicate how the non-smooth perturbations, due to natural heterogeneity of the mineralogy on underlying groundwater flow field, are balanced against the smoothing effect of diffusion-dispersive processes. Fronts are curvature damped, and the results here indicate the generic nature of separate front propagation within both model (idealized) and natural (heterogeneous) geochemical systems.
Determinants of the exclusive breastfeeding abandonment: psychosocial factors Determinantes do abandono do aleitamento materno exclusivo: fatores psicossociais

OBJECTIVE: To assess the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding abandonment. METHODS: Longitudinal study based on a birth cohort in Vicosa, MG, Southeastern Brazil. In 2011/2012, 168 new mothers accessing the public health network were followed. Three interviews, at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum, with the new mothers were conducted. Exclusive breastfeeding abandonment was analyzed in the first, second, and fourth months after childbirth. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was applied to identify depressive symptoms in the first and second meetings, with a score of ≥ 12 considered as the cutoff point. Socioeconomic, demographic, and obstetric variables were investigated, along with emotional conditions and the new mothers’ social network during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
Bearing the costs of human–wildlife conflict: the challenges of compensation schemes

INTRODUCTION As the cases in this volume vividly illustrate, human conflict with wildlife is a significant – and growing – conservation problem around the world. The risk of wildlife damage to crops, livestock and human lives provides incentives for rural residents to kill wildlife and to reduce the quantity and quality of habitat on private and communal lands. Recognition among conservationists that the cost of conserving large and sometimes dangerous animals is often borne disproportionately by farmers and others living closest to wildlife has spawned strategies to reduce this imbalance. One popular response is to compensate rural residents for the costs of wildlife damage. By spreading the economic burden and moderating the financial risks to people who coexist with wildlife, conservationists hope to reduce the negative consequences of human–wildlife conflict. Few systematic efforts have been made to evaluate the efficacy of these programmes or the best way to implement and manage these schemes for endangered species (Sillero-Zubiri and Laurenson 2001). In this chapter, we build on our recent study (Nyhus et al . 2003) which asked whether compensation programmes really help endangered species in conflict with humans. We surveyed 23 international experts in large mammal conservation to learn about common pitfalls associated with running a compensation programme and the resources that managers need to succeed. Here, we also draw on additional published studies and reviews to explore the role of compensation in resolving conflicts between people and wildlife.
EHRA/HRS/APHRS expert consensus on ventricular arrhythmias.

This international consensus statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), and Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society is intended to provide clinical guidance for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). It summarizes the consensus of the international writing group members and is based on a systematic review of the medical literature regarding VAs. The spectrum of VAs ranges from those that are benign and asymptomatic to those that produce severe symptoms including sudden cardiac death (SCD). In addition, many patients exhibit multiple forms of VAs over time. Thus, clinicians who encounter patients with VAs face important questions regarding which diagnostic tests are needed and which treatments, if any, should be offered. The Writing Committee recognizes that the manner in which patients present with VAs varies greatly. The electrocardiographic recording of a VA may be the first and only manifestation of a cardiac abnormality; alternatively, patients with a prior diagnosis of cardiac disease may later develop these arrhythmias. Thus, the specific arrhythmia and the underlying structural heart disease (SHD), if any, may have important prognostic and treatment implications. This document addresses the indications for diagnostic testing, the present state of prognostic risk stratification, and the treatment strategies that have been demonstrated to improve the clinical outcome of patients with VAs. In addition, this document includes recommendations for referral of patients to centres with specialized expertise in the management of arrhythmias. Wherever appropriate, the reader is referred to other publications regarding the indications for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation,1,2 catheter ablation,3 inherited arrhythmia syndromes,4,4a,5 congenital heart disease (CHD),6 the use of amiodarone,7 and the management of patient with ICD shocks,8 syncope,9 or those nearing end of life.10 The consensus recommendations in this document …
Rapid in situ silicification of microbes at Loburu hot springs, Lake Bogoria, Kenya Rift Valley

Microbial mats, located along the margins of hot‐spring pools and outflow channels at Lake Bogoria, Kenya, are commonly silicified forming friable laminated crusts. Columnar microstromatolites composed of silica and calcite are also forming at several springs in sites of oscillating water level or spray. Silicification of the microbes involves impregnation of organic tissue by very fine amorphous silica particles and encrustation by small (< 2 μm) silica spheroids. Rapid silicification of the microbes, which may begin while some are still alive, can preserve sheaths and in some examples, the filaments, capsules and cells. Although this provides evidence of their general morphology, the biological features that are required for taxonomic identifications are commonly poorly preserved.
Estimation of Expression Levels in Spotted Microarrays with Saturated Pixels

Digital images obtained by the laser scanning of spotted microarrays often include saturated pixel values. These arise when the scan settings are sufficiently high and some pixels exceed the limit L=65535 and are instead set to L. Failure to adjust for this censoring leads to biased estimates of gene expression levels. To impute censored values, we propose a linear model based on the principal components of uncensored spots on the same array. This is computationally fast, flexible to adapt to distinctive spot shapes and profiles on different arrays, and is shown to be more effective than the polynomial-hyperbolic model in correcting for the bias. The application to biological data demonstrates the potential for enhancing the dynamic range of detection. Fortran90 subroutines implementing these methods are available at http://www.bioss. ac.uk/~chris.
An external focus of attention promotes flow experience during simulated 1 driving 2

26 Achieving a state of flow is associated with positive experiences and improved sporting 27 performance (Jackson & Csikszentmihalyi, 1999). Focused attention is a fundamental 28 component of the flow experience, but to date there has been little investigation of whether 29 attention plays a causal role in creating flow, or is a product of it. Consequently, this study 30 aimed to test the effect of an attentional focus manipulation on flow and performance in a 31 simulated driving task. It was predicted that an external focus would lead to improved 32 visuomotor control, greater flow experience and improved performance. 33 participants from 33 a student population completed the driving task under both internal and external focus 34 instructions. Eye movements and steering wheel movements were recorded during each race. 35 Participants reported greater flow experience (p<.001, d=1.78) and enhanced outcome 36 expectancies (p=.02, d=0.41) under external, compared to internal focus conditions, however, 37 there was no effect on visuomotor control (gaze-steering coordination and steering entropy) 38 or racing performance (ps>0.28). These findings suggest that adopting an external focus of 39 attention may contribute to positive performance states such as flow. 40 Keywords; the zone, attentional focus, eye tracking, peak performance, coordination, 41 outcome expectancies 42