Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors important to the secretion and matrix deposition of tissue transglutaminase

Data suggest that for TG2 to be secreted, an intact N-terminal FN binding site (for which TG2 has high affinity) is required, however interaction of TG2 with its high affinity binding partners presents both in the intracellular and extracellular space as well as with specific cell surface receptors may also be involved in this process. Using a site-directed mutagenesis approach, the effects of specific mutations of TG2 on its translocation to the cell surface and secretion into the ECM have been investigated. Mutations include those affecting FN binding (FN1), HSPGs binding (HS1, HS2) GTP/GDP binding site (GTP1, 2) as well as N-terminal and C-terminal domains (TG2 deletion mutants N, and C). By performing transglutaminase activity assays, cell surface protein biotinylation and verifying distribution of TG2 mutants in the ECM we demonstrated that one of the potential heparan sulfate binding site mutants (HS2 mutant) is secreted at the cell surface in a much reduced manner and is less deposited into the ECM than the HS1 mutant. The HS2 mutant showed a low affinity for binding to a heparin sepharose column demonstrating this mutation site may be a potential heparan binding site of TG2. Analogous peptides to this site were shown to have some efficiency in the inhibition of the binding of the FN-TG2 complex to cell surface heparan sulfates in a cell adhesion assay indicating the peptide to be representative of the novel heparin binding site within TG2. The GTP binding site mutants GTP1 and GTP2 exhibited low specific activity however, GTP2 showed more secretion to the cell surface in comparison to GTP1. The FN1 binding mutant did not greatly affect TG2 activity nor did it alter TG2 secretion at the cell surface and deposition into the ECM indicating that fibronectin binding at this site on the enzyme is not an important factor. Interestingly an intact N-terminus (? 1-15) appeared to be essential for enzyme externalisation. Removal of the first 15 amino acids (N-terminal mutant) abolished TG2 secretion to the cell surface as well as deposition into the ECM. In addition it reduced the enzymes affinity for binding to heparin. In contrast, deletion of the C-terminal TG2 domain (? 594-687) increased enzyme secretion to the cell surface. Consistent with the data presented in this thesis we speculate that TG2 must fulfill two requirements to be successfully secreted from cells. The findings indicate that the closed conformation of the enzyme as well as intact N-terminal tail and a novel HS binding site within the TG2 molecule are key elements for the enzyme’s localisation at the cell surface and its deposition into the extracellular matrix. The importance of understanding the interactions between TG2, heparan sulfates and other TG2 binding partners at the cell surface could have an impact on the design of novel strategies for enzyme inhibition which could be important in the control of extracellular TG2 related diseases.
Potential and limits of exploitation of crop wild relatives for pea, lentil, and chickpea improvement

Legumes represent the second most important family of crop plants after grasses, accounting for approximately 27% of the world's crop production. Past domestication processes resulted in a high degree of relatedness between modern varieties of crops, leading to a narrower genetic base of cultivated germplasm prone to pests and diseases. Crop wild relatives (CWRs) harbor genetic diversity tested by natural selection in a range of environments. To fully understand and exploit local adaptation in CWR, studies in geographical centers of origin combining ecology, physiology, and genetics are needed. With the advent of modern genomics and computation, combined with systematic phenotyping, it is feasible to revisit wild accessions and landraces and prioritize their use for breeding, providing sources of disease resistances; tolerances of drought, heat, frost, and salinity abiotic stresses; nutrient densities across major and minor elements; and food quality traits. Establishment of hybrid populations with CWRs gives breeders a considerable benefit of a prebreeding tool for identifying and harnessing wild alleles and provides extremely valuable long‐term resources. There is a need of further collecting and both ex situ and in situ conservation of CWR diversity of these taxa in the face of habitat loss and degradation and climate change. In this review, we focus on three legume crops domesticated in the Fertile Crescent, pea, chickpea, and lentil, and summarize the current state and potential of their respective CWR taxa for crop improvement.
Blockchain in logistics industry: in fizz customer trust or not

The study is an attempt to explore much talked but less understood issue of “blockchain in logistics industry” in modern perspective. The customers' acceptance of blockchain technology in logistics and supply chain is tested through “Technology Acceptance Model” by using attitude, perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), behavioral intention and use behavior. ,Data has been collected through online and offline medium, where active 240 responses have been collected finally using convenience sampling. Confirmatory factor analysis with structural equation modeling (SEM) was carried out for data analysis. ,The customers' acceptance of blockchain technology in logistics and supply chain is tested through “Technology Acceptance Model. ” The findings reveal model fit where PEOU, PU and attitude are the major constructs of the model to realize the substantial gains in logistics process efficiency. ,Convenience sampling has been considered for the study to collect the data of online users of various technology applications for tracking and shipment detail, whereas a more specified method sampling can be considered for the future research. The study has been conducted in the Indian context, which has been considered as the limitation pertaining to generalization across countries and industries. ,The findings of this study will be helpful for market practitioners to build transparency between customers and industry to overcome the frictions in logistics. Blockchain will help in monitoring the performance history and previous commitments of logistics professionals resulting in selecting a responsible logistics solution provider. Access to critical data by the authorized member of the supply chain will reduce unsubstantiated disputes. ,Blockchain technology will be available to everyone on the network. This will bring transparency and help logistics professionals such as carriers, shippers and brokers to detect early frauds and prevent thefts. It will increase customer trust toward any financial transaction for tracking the ownership of titles. ,Blockchain technology is envisioned to be a technology that could be a game-changer for decentralizing infrastructure, introducing transparency and building trust in the supply chain. The current study is a novel addition to the literature where blockchain technology enables the indisputable storage of verified data that was previously kept in safeguarded silos.
Genetic diversity analysis of yardlong bean genotypes (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) based on IRAP marker

Abstract. Widyawan MH, Wulandary S, Taryono. 2020. Genetic diversity analysis of yardlong bean genotypes (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) based on IRAP marker. Biodiversitas 21: 1101-1107. Inter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP) marker is a PCR-based molecular marker that detects polymorphism between retrotransposon sites. This marker has been utilized and successfully assessed genetic diversity in many crop species. Yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) was an important vegetable legume crop that grown mainly for its fresh pod that rich in nutritional benefits for humans, ultimately dietary fiber and protein. Trends of people awareness to nutritional content of food are increasing, therefore breeding for quality traits is important. Genetic diversity analysis is an important and elementary step in breeding programs in order to determine the breeding strategy. The aims of this research are to perform an optimization of IRAP marker and applied it for genetic diversity analysis in 16 yardlong bean genotypes. Seven primers were used as marker in a pair or single combination and resulted in 11 optimized markers that able to be used for genetic diversity analysis. Sixteen yardlong bean genotypes consisting of commercial cultivars and local genotypes from Indonesia were genotyped using eleven IRAP markers. Marker polymorphism and diversity parameters from each marker i.e. Percentage of Polymorphic Loci (PPL), Expected Heterozygosity (He), Polymorphic Information Content (PIC), Effective Multiplex Ratio (EMR), Marker Index (MI), Discriminating Power (D), and Resolving Power (RP) were calculated. Based on those values, several markers used in this study were considered as informative and efficient in terms of analyzing genetic diversity in yardlong bean. Jaccard's method was used to measure genetic similarity and it is revealed that there is high level of similarity between yardlong bean genotypes used in this study. Thus, it is implied that there is a narrow genetic diversity of yardlong bean genotypes used in this study. Cluster analysis was performed to construct dendrogram based on genetic similarity and classified 16 yardlong genotypes into 4 clusters. Interestingly, majority of the clusters formed were not able to classified genotypes based on their origin. The result of cluster analysis then confirmed by Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) that able to explain 47.76 % of total variation. The results of this study provide a foundation for the genetic diversity analysis based on IRAP marker and genetic improvement in yardlong bean.
Butterflies and moths

I . Introduction . 11. Key factors generating population change . I1 I . Density-dependent factors and population regulation . IV. Over-exploitation of larval food resources and extinctions . VI. Discussion . VII. Summary. VIII. Acknowledgements . IX. References . V. Fluctuations in resource availability. 461 . 465 . 467 . 472 . , 4 7 4 . 476 . 4 7 8 . , 4 7 8 . 478
Inbreeding of Red Chittagong Cattle in a nucleus breeding herd

Inbreeding coefficient (IC) is a measure of the closeness of the relationship between individuals. It measures the increment in homozygous gene pairs in an individual relative to the average of the population. In general the IC of any individual is half the additive relationship between the parents of the individual (F×= ½ a). IC can have any value from 0 to1. If a bull has an IC of 0.25, he has 25% more homozygous gene pairs than the average of the population. IC probably should not be more than 0.10 in any case. If IC is 0.25, it may be due to brother-sister or father-daughter or mother-son mating. Increased relationships are a natural consequence of using only a few sires in an AI programme. Optimum method of controlling inbreeding is to choose the sire with highest genetic merit adjusted for inbreeding in a specific mating. Complete pedigree data for cows and sire will be a necessary part of such decisions. Selection for higher production and improved type of dairy cattle has reduced genetic diversity. An example could be quoted here in this context by Cassell (2008). He said that Young and Seykora looked at inbreeding changes in Holsteins throughout the 20th Century. Holstein cows were first imported to the United States in 1884. Young and Seykora’s work showed that today’s Holstein cow was about 5% inbred relative to that original importation date. The average relationship (percent of genes in common between any two animals) increased from about 3.4% in 1928 to approximately 10% (twice the average inbreeding value of 5%) in 1990. This increased relationship indicates the effects of selection for more productive,
Effects of the concentrations of toxic Microcystis aeruginosa and an alternative food on the survival of Daphnia pulex

We investigated the effect of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa (strain PCC7820) on the survival of juvenile and adult Daphnia pulex (Cladocera) in different food concentrations (the green alga Scenedesmus obtusiusculus). M. aeruginosa reduced survival in D. pulex. The peptide toxin microcystin-LR is present in this strain of M. aeruginosa. The toxic effect decreased with increasing concentrations of S. obtusiusculus. Juvenile D. pulex generally died faster than adults at high concentrations of cyanobacteria. However, juvenile D. pulex did better than adults at the lowest concentration of S. obtusiusculus.
Occurrence of Fusarium Root Rot in Astragalus adsurgens and Identification of the Pathogens

An investigation on milk vetch (Astragalus adsurgens) root rot was conducted in Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The result shows that with the plant advances in age, its pathogenicity grows. A plant of 3 to 5 years of age succumbs to the disease at an 100% rate, and the disease index reaches 85 or even higher. The re-greening rate in spring of a 4-or 5-year-old milk vetch plant is as 68.8% or 54.8%, and their tillers re-greening rate is 20%～30% only. Pathogenicity tests on 19 species of Astragalus in greenhouse show that two fungal cultures isolated from a diseased milk vetch plant could infect A. adsurgeus, Medicago varia Martin cv. , and Melilotus ofliciralis. Based on the morphological and pathogenicity study, the two isolates which caused root rot of A. adsurgens are identified as Fusarium solani f. sp. astragali, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. astragali.
Identification of Diseases in Corn Leaves using Convolutional Neural Networks and Boosting

Precision farming technologies are essential for a steady supply of healthy food for the increasing population around the globe. Pests and diseases remain a major threat and a large fraction of crops are lost each year due to them. Automated detection of crop health from images helps in taking timely actions to increase yield while helping reduce input cost. With an aim to detect crop diseases and pests with high confidence, we use convolutional neural networks (CNN) and boosting techniques on Corn leaf images in different health states. The queen of cereals, Corn, is a versatile crop that has adapted to various climatic conditions. It is one of the major food crops in India along with wheat and rice. Considering that different diseases might have different treatments, incorrect detection can lead to incorrect remedial measures. Although CNN based models have been used for classification tasks, we aim to classify similar looking disease manifestations with a higher accuracy compared to the one obtained by existing deep learning methods. We have evaluated ensembles of CNN based image features, with a classifier and boosting in order to achieve plant disease classification. Using an ensemble of Adaptive Boosting cascaded with a decision tree based classifier trained on features from CNN, we have achieved an accuracy of 98% in classifying the Corn leaf images into four different categories viz. Healthy, Common Rust, Late Blight and Leaf Spot. This is about 8% improvement in classification performance when compared to CNN only.
A Qualitative Analysis of Caregiver Goals for Urban Children with and without Asthma

A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CAREGIVER GOALS FOR CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT ASTHMA By Megan Carlson, M.S. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2020 Major Co-Directors: Terri Sullivan, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Psychology & Marcia Winter, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology Pediatric asthma is a major public health concern that disproportionately affects children of color and youth living in low-income, urban areas. The implications for public health, child health, and family functioning necessitates our understanding and addressing experiences by families who are facing barriers within their socio-demographic context in addition to the stressors associated with managing pediatric asthma. The current study applied qualitative methods to interviews with caregivers of children with and without asthma in an effort to more deeply connect with caregivers’ experiences and yield richer information about the intersection of identities as Black caregivers living in an urban setting while managing a pediatric chronic illness. Eighty-five caregivers who self-identified as Black or African American participated in semi-structured interviews to explore their parenting beliefs and practices, as well as their goals for their children and perceived barriers and supports to these goals. Two questions were selected for analysis from the broader Everyday Parenting Interview (EPI). Interviews were transcribed and coded for emergent themes. A total of eight themes emerged for the first question and related questions/prompts (i.e., What are your goals for your child? ), while a total of five themes emerged for the second question and associated questions/prompts (i.e., What do you think CAREGIVER GOALS FOR CHILDREN WITH OR WITHOUT ASTHMA 2 children in general need in order to reach those kinds of goals? ). Emergent themes spanned several domains, yet health generally and asthma specifically, were rarely mentioned as goals for children. Instead, caregivers highlighted several goals related to achievement, individual responsibility, and social connection. Heavily discussed were caregiver concerns about neighborhood safety and perceived barriers to future success. Findings inform clinical recommendations for systematic screening efforts and intervention to address environmental stressors and competing priorities for Black caregivers of children with asthma. CAREGIVER GOALS FOR CHILDREN WITH OR WITHOUT ASTHMA 3
On the Dooley-Rice contraction of the principal series

In A. H. Dooley and J. W. Rice: On contractions of semisimple Lie groups}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. , (1985), Dooley and Rice introduced a contraction of the principal series representations of a non-compact semi-simple Lie group to the unitary irreducible representations of its Cartan motion group. We study here this contraction by using non-compact realizations of these representations.
High-resolution electron microscopy study of ledge structures and transition lattices at the austenite–martensite interface in Fe-based alloys

In order to clarify how the lattices of austenite and martensite are connected at the interface on the atomic scale in the region within the width of the transformation twins or between slipped planes, a high-resolution electron microscopy study of the austenite–martensite interface was performed for Fe–23.0Ni–3.8Mn, Fe–30.5Ni–10Co–3Ti and Fe–8.8Cr–1.1C (mass %) alloys. Martensitic transformations occur at a low temperature in these alloys and exhibit various transformation characteristics, such as isothermal and athermal transformations, Kurdjumow–Sacks and Nishiyama orientational relationships, and a reversible mobile interface and a non-reversible interface in the reverse transformation. There were three important findings: (1) the (121)f interface is made up of two component planes, i.e. the terrace plane (111)f (//(011)b) and the ledge (0 0)f, and the average numbers of atom rows of [ 01]f (//[ 1]b) on these planes are 2.7–4.9 on (111)f and 1.3–2.6 on (0 0)f. These are different depending on the alloy, but the ratio of the atom rows of the former to the latter is about 2:1, in accordance with the observed habit plane of (121)f; (2) the neighbouring (0 0)f ledges are separated by about five to ten planes of (112)b; and (3) transition lattices from fcc to bcc (or bct) exist at the interface and the thickness of this transition lattice region is 0.2–0.8 nm. It is reasonably assumed that screw dislocations with a Burgers vector of 1/2[ 01]f (//1/2[ 1]b) reside at the ledge of the interface, which produces the lattice invariant deformation when they move with the interface. The complete scheme for the relaxation of the strain at the interface is considered to be as follows. First, transformation twins are introduced to relax the strain at the interface on the macroscopic scale, in accordance with the phenomenological theory, then screw dislocations are brought in at the ledges to release the strain between each of the twin-related martensite crystals and the austenite, and, finally, transition lattices are generated at the interface to relax the strain on the most microscopic scale, i.e. at the atomic level.
A Low-Cost Multi-Failure Resilient Replication Scheme for High-Data Availability in Cloud Storage

Data availability is one of the most important performance factors in cloud storage systems. To enhance data availability, replication is a common approach to handle the machine failures. However, previously proposed replication schemes cannot effectively handle both correlated and non-correlated machine failures, especially while increasing the data availability with limited resources. The schemes for correlated machine failures must create a constant number of replicas for each data object, which often neglects diverse data popularities and does not utilize the resource to maximize the expected data availability. Also, the previous schemes neglect the consistency maintenance cost and the storage cost caused by replication. It is critical for cloud providers to maximize data availability (hence minimize SLA violations) while minimizing costs caused by replication in order to maximize the revenue. In this paper, we build a nonlinear integer programming model to maximize data availability in both types of failures, and therefore minimize the cost caused by replication. Based on the model’s solution for the replication degree of each data object, we propose a low-cost multi-failure (correlated and non-correlated machine failures) resilient replication scheme (MRR). MRR can effectively handle both correlated and non-correlated machine failures, considers data popularities to enhance data availability, and also tries to minimize consistency maintenance and storage cost. Extensive numerical results from trace parameters and experiments from real-world Amazon S3 demonstrate that MRR achieves high data availability, low data loss probability and low consistency maintenance and storage costs when compared to previous replication schemes.