Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of neck-circumference- thyromental- distance ratio as a predictor of difficult intubation: A prospective, observational study

Background and Aims: Preoperative identification of difficult airway and subsequent planning is of utmost importance for a patient's safety. Previous studies have identified the ratio of the neck circumference (NC) to the thyromental distance (TMD); NC/TMD as a reliable predictor of difficult intubation in obese patients. But there is a lack of studies evaluating the NC/TMD in non-obese patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the NC/TMD as a predictor of difficult intubation in both obese and non-obese patients. Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted after obtaining institutional ethics committee clearance and written and informed consent from each patient. One hundred adult patients undergoing elective surgeries under general anaesthesia with orotracheal intubation were included in this study. Difficulty in intubation was assessed using the Intubation Difficulty Scale. The NC/TMD was calculated and the predictive accuracy of NC/TMD and other established parameters in obese and non-obese patients were compared. Results: Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender, weight, body mass index, inter-incisor gap, Mallampati classification, NC, TMD, sternomental distance, and NC/TMD had a significant association with difficult intubation. NC/TMD has a higher sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value with better predictability in comparison to other parameters. Conclusion: The NC/TMD is a reliable and better predictor of difficult intubation in both obese and non-obese patients in comparison to NC, TMD, and sternomental distance alone.
A Multioutput and Highly Efficient GaN Distributed Power Amplifier for Compact Subarrays in Wideband Phased Array Antennas

This article presents the design, implementation, and measurement results of a multioutput distributed power amplifier (MODPA) in 100-nm AlN–GaN–AlGaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) on a silicon substrate. The proposed MODPA improves power-added efficiency (PAE) in distributed amplifiers (DAs) by not wasting reverse traveling waves and delivering all forward and reverse waves to the output ports. Utilizing MODPA in implementing a subarray-based phased-array transceiver reduces the number of power splitters and PAs, significantly reducing the subarray’s chip area and power loss. A design methodology for broadband, efficient amplifier implementation by optimizing load/source impedances at the fundamental and harmonic frequencies is presented based on comprehensive source/load—pull simulations and class-J dynamic load lines. The presented broadband design methodology addresses an ambiguity for picking optimum load/source impedance at a single frequency caused by higher order harmonics of operating frequencies dropping in the band. The fabricated MODPA occupies a $1\times3$ mm2 chip area. In 0.01–25-GHz frequency, MODPA delivered 37–41-dBm power to the four outputs, with a 17–21-dB total power gain and 22%–73% total PAE. The power gain and phase variation between the four matched-output ports are less than 1.5 dB and 3°, respectively, making MODPA an attractive design for implementing subarrays.
SLC6 neurotransmitter transporter family in GtoPdb v.2023.1

Members of the solute carrier family 6 (SLC6) of sodium- and (sometimes chloride-) dependent neurotransmitter transporters [32, 2, 23, 75] are primarily plasma membrane located and may be divided into four subfamilies that transport monoamines, GABA, glycine and neutral amino acids, plus the related bacterial NSS transporters [109]. The members of this superfamily share a structural motif of 10 TM segments that has been observed in crystal structures of the NSS bacterial homolog LeuTAa, a Na+-dependent amino acid transporter from Aquiflex aeolicus [137] and in several other transporter families structurally related to LeuT [49].
Fractal Model of the Atom in the Hydrodynamic Approach of Scale Relativity Theory

In this paper the fractal model of the atom, using the hydrodynamic approach of the scale relativity theory, is obtained. Thus, assuming that the electron motion around the nucleus takes place on fractal curves of fractal dimension DF (continuous but non-differentiable curves), it is shown that its dynamics, in the second order approximation of the equation of motion, is described in complex speed field by a generalized NavierStokes type equation with imaginary viscosity coefficient. Applying this model to study the atom, it resulted that the real part of the complex velocity field describes the electron averaged movement. The electron moves on stationary orbits according to a quantification condition and the imaginary part of the complex velocity describes the fractality through a fractal potential. In the DF=2 fractal dimension and for the D=h / 2m viscosity coefficient, the classical results of quantum mechanics for the hydrogen atom are obtained.
Analytic Calculation of External Magnetic Field of High Voltage Toroid-Type Air-Core Reactors

Compared with high voltage column-type air-core reactors (HVCAR), high voltage toroid-type air-core reactors (HVTAR) generate much smaller external magnetic flux density (EMD) during operation, which significantly reduces magnetic clearance (MC), thereby reducing space occupied by air-core reactors. For HVTAR, existing methods such as finite element method (FEM) and numerical integration methods using the Biot-Savart law, cannot reveal the influence of the parameters of reactors on EMD. This paper proposes an analytic formula for EMD, in view of the special winding structure of HVTAR. It can directly reveal the influence of the working current, the number of coil units, n, and the size of the reactor on EMD. The analysis shows that the EMD decays with ρn + 1P, which is much faster than the attenuation rate of ρ3P of column-type reactors. The analytic formula is verified by comparison with the results of FEM. The analytic formula is simple and practical to calculate the EMD and MC quickly and guide the electromagnetic design of HVTAR directly.
SYNERGISTIC ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HONEY BEE PRODUCTS AND THEIR MIXTURES

The goal of this study was to assess the impact of binary combination antioxidant synergistic effects of honeybee products (citrus honey, clover honey, sugar feeding honey, bee pollen, bee bread, bee wax, old wax comb, Egyptian propolis, Chinese propolis, royal jelly, Drone brood homogenate, worker brood homogenate, queen brood homogenate, bee venom) and The present study compared the antioxidant activity between ethanol and water extracts of bee products and evaluated the synergistic antioxidant activity effect of binary combination of bee products (water and ethanol extracts, separately), the antioxidant activity was analyzed via DPPH radical scavenging activity assay and found propolis as one of the most powerful antioxidant among all the honeybee products examined, and the ethanol (80%) extraction method recorded more antioxidant activity than the water extract, but in the royal jelly, drone brood homogenate, worker brood homogenate, queen brood homogenate and bee venom the water extract were the highest. The obtained results of honey bee product mixture activity affected by the interaction between chemical compositions of them, which had an impact on their antioxidant activity. And several of these binary combinations showed synergistic results; this might be because adding more antioxidant components from other products increased the antioxidant capacity.
Local sensitivity to non-ignorability in joint models

This article deals with the analysis of sensitivity to the non-ignorability of the dropout process in joint models (JMs). We investigate the behaviour of the maximum likelihood estimates for the longitudinal process in a neighbourhood of ignorability through the Index of Local Sensitivity to Non Ignorability (ISNI). Some concerns may arise since the ISNI is an absolute measure of change in parameter estimates induced by departures from the MAR assumption; for this reason, we introduce a relative index based on the ratio between the ISNI and a measure of its variability under the MAR assumption, highlighting potential interpretation and drawbacks of this approach. The local sensitivity of the JM and the performance of the relative index are discussed in a simulation study, by varying the number of repeated measurements per individual and the random effect covariance structure. The approach is also applied to a benchmark dataset on Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC).
SLC31 family of copper transporters in GtoPdb v.2023.1

SLC31 family members, alongside the Cu-ATPases are involved in the regulation of cellular copper levels. The CTR1 transporter is a cell-surface transporter to allow monovalent copper accumulation into cells, while CTR2 appears to be a vacuolar/vesicular transporter [5]. Functional copper transporters appear to be trimeric with each subunit having three TM regions and an extracellular N-terminus. CTR1 is considered to be a higher affinity copper transporter compared to CTR2. The stoichiometry of copper accumulation is unclear, but appears to be energy-independent [4].
Modelling spatial and temporal correlation in multi-assessment perennial crop variety selection trials using a multivariate autoregressive model

ABSTRACT Context. Perennial crop variety selection trials are often conducted over several seasons or years. These field trials often exhibit spatial correlation between plots. When data from multiple assessment times are analysed, it is necessary to account for both spatial and temporal correlation. A current approach is to use linear mixed models with separable spatial and temporal residual covariance structures. A limitation of these separable models is that they assume the same spatial correlation structure for each assessment time, which may not hold in practice. Aims. This study aims to provide more flexible methods for modelling the spatio-temporal correlation in multi-assessment perennial crop data, allowing for differing spatial parameters for each time, together with modelling genetic effects over time. Methods. The paper investigates the suitability of two-directional invariant multivariate autoregressive (2DIMVAR1) models for analysis of multi-assessment perennial crop data. The analysis method is applied to persistence data from a pasture breeding trial. Key results. The multivariate autoregressive spatio-temporal residual models are a significant improvement on separable residual models under different genetic models. The paper demonstrates how to fit the models in practice using the software ASReml-R. Conclusions. A flexible modelling approach for multi-assessment perennial crop data is presented, allowing differing spatial correlation parameters for each time. The models allow investigation into genotype × time interactions, while optimally accounting for spatial and temporal correlation. Implications. The models provide improvements on current approaches and hence will result in more accurate genetic predictions in multi-assessment perennial crop variety selection trials.
Passive mechanical properties of ovine rumen tissue

ABSTRACT Mechanical and structural properties of ovine rumen tissue have been determined using uniaxial tensile testing of tissue from four animals at five rumen locations and two orientations. Animal and orientation did not have a significant effect on the stress-strain response, but there was a significant difference between rumen locations. Histological studies showed two orthogonal muscle layers in all regions except the reticulum, which has a more isotropic structure. A quasi-linear viscoelastic model was fitted to the relaxation stage for each region. Model predictions of the ramp stage had RMS errors of 13–24% and were within the range of the experimental data.
Decoding LDPC Codes by Using Negative Proximal Regularization

The low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoding problem can be expressed as an integer linear programming (ILP) problem. One efficient method to solve the ILP problem is to relax the integer constraints and add penalty terms to the objective function, and the revised problem can be solved via the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. These penalty terms can punish the non-integral solutions and improve the decoding performance of the decoder. However, ADMM decoders are easily trapped in a local solution, which limits the frame error rate (FER) performance of the decoders at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). In this paper, we propose a restartable ADMM-based decoder using a negative proximal regularization. The negative proximal term will be updated whenever the decoder finds a new local solution. Therefore, the decoder can be restarted several times and the candidate solution which satisfies the parity-check equations and has the lowest objective function value can be selected as the decoder’s output. Some properties, together with several choices of penalty terms are discussed. We also investigate the convergence of our proposed decoder, and prove that the possibility of decoding errors is independent of the codeword that is transmitted. Simulation results show that our proposed decoder outperforms other ADMM-based decoders in most cases, while the decoding complexity maintains the same.
Normal gait patterns on different terrain

The gait patterns on diferent terrains using a human locomotion survey and analysis system displacements and ground forces were recorded for subjects walking uphill, downhill, up stairs, down stairs, and in level passageways. The lower limb rigid dynamic model was used to calculate moments at the hip, knee, and ankle joints on different terrains. The results indicate large differences among the various gait patterns. The knee moments during the standing phase when walking up stairs are the largest. During the swing phase, the knee momonts when walking up stairs or uphill are greater than that for other terrains. Quantitative results show that for these different terrains, not only the values of the moment but also the mode of each joint are different. The investigation provide further understanding of the biomechanical principles of human movements for analysis of unnormal gait patterns and for improvements of rehabilitation mothods.
Hierarchical feedback controls in two-machine flowshops under uncertainty

This paper deals with an optimal control problem of stochastic two-machine flowshops with machines subject to random breakdowns and repairs. Since the sizes of both internal and external buffers are practically finite, the problem is one with state constraints. As the problem is extremely difficult to solve, it can be approximated by a deterministic problem in which the stochastic machines' capacities are replaced by their average capacities when the rates of machine failures and repairs become large. An explicit optimal feedback control for the deterministic problem is obtained based on a "constraint domain approximation" approach. Furthermore, beginning with the solution of the deterministic problem, a feedback control for the stochastic flowshops is constructed, which is proved to be asymptotically optimal with respect to the rate of change in machine states.
Depth Distribution of Chlorine at Gale Crater, Mars, as Derived From the DAN and APXS Experiments Onboard the Curiosity Rover

The subsurface chlorine depth distribution at Gale crater has been studied using measurements from the Alpha Particle X‐ray Spectrometer (APXS) and Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) instruments onboard NASA's Curiosity Mars rover. These measurements have been acquired at or near ∼30 drill holes made by Curiosity along its 30 km drive. APXS measured a ∼15 micron surface layer of bedrock and shallow depth of ∼5 cm of drill tailings. DAN is sensitive to the bulk (∼50 cm depth) chlorine abundance and that of other neutron absorbing elements. Joint analysis of APXS and DAN data shows that the chlorine distribution at Gale crater consists of two components: surficial chlorine with concentrations >1 wt. %, possibly controlled by aeolian deposition of Cl‐rich dust and surface alteration, and subsurface chlorine with concentrations <1 wt. %, likely a result of groundwater activity in the past.
The Clinical Use of Osteobiologic and Metallic Biomaterials in Orthopedic Surgery: The Present and the Future

As the area and range of surgical treatments in the orthopedic field have expanded, the development of biomaterials used for these treatments has also advanced. Biomaterials have osteobiologic properties, including osteogenicity, osteoconduction, and osteoinduction. Natural polymers, synthetic polymers, ceramics, and allograft-based substitutes can all be classified as biomaterials. Metallic implants are first-generation biomaterials that continue to be used and are constantly evolving. Metallic implants can be made from pure metals, such as cobalt, nickel, iron, or titanium, or from alloys, such as stainless steel, cobalt-based alloys, or titanium-based alloys. This review describes the fundamental characteristics of metals and biomaterials used in the orthopedic field and new developments in nanotechnology and 3D-printing technology. This overview discusses the biomaterials that clinicians commonly use. A complementary relationship between doctors and biomaterial scientists is likely to be necessary in the future.
Monitoring of Thick Vadose Zone Water Dynamics Under Irrigation Using a 48 m Deep Caisson at the Luancheng Critical Zone Observatory

Understanding soil water dynamics in the deep vadose zone (DVZ, below the root zone) of irrigated farmland is critical for estimating groundwater recharge and assessing the impacts of agricultural activities on groundwater quality. However, the state and movement of soil water in the DVZ remain poorly understood owing to the lack of in‐situ observations. Here, based on a 48‐m deep caisson (Critical Zone Observatory, CZO) established in a typical irrigated farmland in the piedmont region of the North China Plain, we extended the monitoring of soil water content and matric potential across the entire vadose zone profile. We found that a high soil water content and matric potential (close to or slightly higher than the field capacity) was maintained in the DVZ of typical irrigated cropland. The response of soil water in the DVZ to the water inputs at the ground surface was predominantly sequentially delayed with an increase in depth in the DVZ. As a result, the wetting front propagated into the soil layer to a depth of 38 m within 228 days. Moreover, high soil moisture contents and matric potentials in the DVZ resulted in a dramatic but explicable difference between the estimated average pore water velocity (0.73 m year−1) and the wetting front propagation rate (0.16 m day−1). This study demonstrates the unreported rapid response of soil water in the DVZ to water input at the ground surface under intensively irrigated cropland and could promote a better understanding of groundwater recharge processes with a thick unsaturated zone.
Anisotropy analysis of turbulent swirl flow

Anisotropy invariant map proposed by Lumley and Newman and barycentric map proposed by Banerjee et al. were used in order to estimate the degree of anisotropy in turbulent swirl flow. The differences in visual interpretations of anisotropy states in these two maps were analyzed and mathematical basis of these two maps was derived. Experimental data reveal that there is significant influence of swirl on the anisotropy of turbulence. Anisotropy invariant mapping shows that different flow regions of swirl flow are characterized by different anisotropy states.
Seismic Resilience Assessment of Curved Reinforced Concrete Bridge Piers through Seismic Fragility Curves Considering Short- and Long-Period Earthquakes

Curved bridges are commonly used for logistics and emergencies in urban areas such as highway interchange bridges. These types of bridges have complicated dynamic behaviors and also are vulnerable to earthquakes, so their functionality is a critical parameter for decision makers. For this purpose, this study aims to evaluate the bridge seismic resilience under the effects of changes in deck radius (50, 100, 150 m, and infinity), pier height irregularity (Regular and Irregular), and incident seismic wave angle (0°, 45°, and 90°) under short- and long-period records. In the first step, fragility curves are calculated based on the incremental dynamic analysis and probabilistic seismic demand models. Finally, seismic resilience curves/surfaces are constructed and their interpolated values of the log-normal distribution function presented for assessing system resilience. It is found that when long-period records are applied in one given direction, the angle of incidence has the most significant effect on seismic resilience, and bridges are most vulnerable when the angle of incidence tends to 0°. The effect of deck radius on seismic resilience became more remarkable as the angle of incidence increased. Additionally, results indicate that the bridge vulnerability in long-period records is more significant than that under short-period records.
EGFR-Driven Mutation in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Influences the Features and Outcome of Brain Metastases

Background: Brain metastases (BMs) is one of the most frequent metastatic sites for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It is a matter of debate whether EGFR mutation in the primary tumor may be a marker for the disease course, prognosis, and diagnostic imaging of BMs, comparable to that described for primary brain tumors, such as glioblastoma (GB). This issue was investigated in the present research manuscript. Methods: We performed a retrospective study to identify the relevance of EGFR mutations and prognostic factors for diagnostic imaging, survival, and disease course within a cohort of patients affected by NSCLC-BMs. Imaging was carried out using MRI at various time intervals. The disease course was assessed using a neurological exam carried out at three-month intervals. The survival was expressed from surgical intervention. Results: The patient cohort consisted of 81 patients. The overall survival of the cohort was 15 ± 1.7 months. EGFR mutation and ALK expression did not differ significantly for age, gender, and gross morphology of the BM. Contrariwise, the EGFR mutation was significantly associated with MRI concerning the occurrence of greater tumor (22.38 ± 21.35 cm3 versus 7.68 ± 6.44 cm3, p = 0.046) and edema volume (72.44 ± 60.71 cm3 versus 31.92 cm3, p = 0.028). In turn, the occurrence of MRI abnormalities was related to neurological symptoms assessed using the Karnofsky performance status and mostly depended on tumor-related edema (p = 0.048). However, the highest significant correlation was observed between EGFR mutation and the occurrence of seizures as the clinical onset of the neoplasm (p = 0.004). Conclusions: The presence of EGFR mutations significantly correlates with greater edema and mostly a higher seizure incidence of BMs from NSCLC. In contrast, EGFR mutations do not affect the patient’s survival, the disease course, and focal neurological symptoms but seizures. This contrasts with the significance of EGFR in the course and prognosis of the primary tumor (NSCLC).