Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of meal mixes properties on extrusion process and pellet quality of aquafeed formulated with three different fish meals or feather meal levels

The present study aimed at modelling the effect of meal mix properties, measured by the water soluble protein (WSP) and the water holding capacity (WHC), on the extrusion system response and the pellet quality of aquafeeds. For this purpose, six diets were formulated using three quality fish meal and three inclusion levels of hydrolysed feather meal (8, 16 and 24%). The meal mixes were extruded at different levels of temperature (around 100, 110 or 130oC) and moisture (around 22, 25 or 28%), using a twin screw extruder. The response of the extruder was characterized by the specific mechanical energy (SME), specific thermal energy (STE) and screw back pressure (SBP). The pellet quality was defined as the radial expansion index, bulk density, retention, oil absorption capacity, oil leakage and starch gelatinization. The data were analysed using the flexible framework of generalized additive models (GAMs). The results showed that the SME increased with increasing WSP (P<0.001) while STE decreased (P<0.001). The SBP was only affected by the process parameters; increased T led to increased SBP while moisture had the opposite effect (P<0.01). The pellet quality variables were affected by both the meal mix properties and the process parameters, often in interaction. In general the models explained between 64.1 and 95.4% of the variance, and showed that WSP and WHC described well the meal mix effect on the variables investigated. Replacing WSP and WHC by the diet as a factor in the GAMs led to significant decrease in the variance explained for bulk density (88.4 and 31.3%) and oil absorption capacity (65.1 and 44.4%) because of the inability to model the interactions. The results suggest that, WSP and WHC could explain to some extent the effect of meal mixes on extrusion system response and pellet quality indicators.
2-Fluoro-1,3-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene (ZXC-7) and 2-Fluoro-1,3,5-triamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene (ZXC-8): Thermally Stable Explosives with Outstanding Properties.

Two novel, thermally stable explosives, 2-fluoro-1,3-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene (ZXC-7) and 2-fluoro-1,3,5-triamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene (ZXC-8), are reported. These two compounds can be prepared by means of simple synthetic methods and they show outstanding properties (detonation velocity, detonation pressure, sensitivity toward mechanical stimuli, and temperature of decomposition). Their structures are very similar to that of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB). They were isolated and characterized by means of mass spectrometry and multinuclear (1 H, 13 C) NMR spectroscopy. The structure of ZXC-7 in the crystalline state was determined by low-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction. From the calculated standard molar enthalpy of formation (CBS-4 M) and the densities (which were determined by a gas pycnometer), the Chapman-Jouguet detonation properties were predicted by using the EXPLO5 V6.01 thermochemical computer code. The sensitivities of ZXC-7 and ZXC-8 towards impact and friction were determined.
Mandibular cortical index as a predictor of skeletal osteoporosis - a panoramic radiographic study

Objectives: The objective of our study was to measure Radiomorphometric Indice of mandible on hundred Dental Panoramic Radiographs (DPR) taking into account, age and gender of participants and comparing with Ultrasonometry of heel bone mineral density (Calscan) measurements. Also to establish a precise technique for measuring bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly using DPR so as to recommend DPR as a simple screening aid in osteoporotic risk individual in order to prevent and for better management of osteoporosis. Methods: The study group consisted of hundred subjects with sixty female and forty male subjects who were apparently healthy without any systemic medication. BMD of the heel was assessed by Quantitative ultrasound. Mandibular Cortical Index [MCI] was calculated from measurements obtained from DPR by two examiners. Both inter and intra examiner’s reliability & results of variables such as age and sex were statistically analysed and correlated with Calscan readings. Results: Results of our study indicated age related bone loss as indicated by calscan. Chi-square analysis for the correlation of MCI with Calscan was found to be 12.41 with significant P value. MCI had sensitivity of 88%, specificity of 39%, positive predictive value of 91%, and negative predictive value of 33% with an overall efficiency of 82% in detecting osteoporosis. But there was no significant correlation found between MCI with age and sex of subjects. Conclusion: It can be concluded that MCI aids in early diagnosis of osteoporotic patients in the dental office as being at risk for osteoporosis. Keywords: DPR, MCI, Calscan, BMD
Methods for chemical synthesis of colloidal gold

Published data on the chemical synthesis of colloidal gold are summarized and systematized. Attention is focused on the state-of-the-art concepts behind the mechanisms of citrate synthesis and its control parameters, methods for fabrication of ultrafine particles (1 – 5 nm) and the control over the particle spherical shape and size in the range from 10 to 200 nm. The synthesis of gold nanoparticles in organic solvents, in particular, the two-phase Brust – Schiffrin method are discussed. The methods for obtaining gold nanoparticles with the use of synthetic and natural biopolymers that can act simultaneously as reducing agents and surface stabilizers (functional agents) are considered. The studies in which important nanomedicine drugs are used as reducing agents and ligands are analyzed. The bibliography includes 285 references.
Effect of foliar fertilization on leaf mineral composition, sugar and organic acid contents of sweet cherry

Summary: Influence of a three-year-long foliar fertilization on mineral composition of leaf, content of sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose and sucrose) and organic acids (citric, malic and fumaric acid) of sweet cherry ( Prunus avium L.) fruits was studied. The experiment was conducted during 2005–2007 in West Hungary on mature cv. ‘Germersdorfi 3’ grafted on Prunus mahaleb rootstock, planted in 1999. Trees spaced 7 x 5 m, and growing in a calcareous chernozem soil. Trees were foliar-fertilized with potassium (K) as KNO 3 and calcium (Ca) as Ca(NO3)2. Potassium spraying was carried out 3 (K 1 ) and 5 (K 2 ) while calcium was applied at 3 (Ca 1 ), 5 (Ca 2 ) and 6 (Ca 3 ) weeks after full bloom. Beside fruit analysis, complete soil and leaf analysis were done to study the rate of nutrient uptake and its effects on fruit quality. Contents of nutrients of soil and leaf were determined by atomic absorption and spectrophotometric method, while sugars and organic acids in fruit were determined by HPLC. The applied treatments (except K 1 ) had been increasing leaf K significantly compared to the control till ripening. Most of treatments had no significant effect on Ca content of leaf till ripening. From applied treatments only the boron treatments had significant increasing effect on contents of all examined sugars, compared the control. Furthermore, the effect of calcium spraying on the contents of organic acids was significant.
Evolution of Morphology, Phase Composition, and Photoluminescence of Cesium Lead Bromine Nanocrystals with Temperature and Precursors

Compared with CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs), the study of the structure and physical properties of Cs4PbBr6 and CsPb2Br5 NCs is not sufficient. In this paper, CsPbBr3, CsPb2Br5, and Cs4PbBr6 NCs were prepared by a hot-injection method using oleylamine (OAm) and oleic acid (OA) without adding other ligands. The evolution of phase composition, morphology, and photoluminescence (PL) property was investigated. It is found that rhombohedral Cs4PbBr6 was created at low temperature with low Pb/Cs ratios and short reaction time. The CsPbBr3 phase was then obtained with increasing Pb/Cs ratios at high temperature through the reaction of Cs4PbBr6 and PbBr2. The evolution of phase composition occurred with time to create CsPbBr3, CsPb2Br5, and Cs4PbBr6 NCs. For a Pb/Cs molar ratio of 3, CsPbBr3 was first obtained at 180 °C. However, the resulting sample is the CsPb2Br5 phase after 120 min. The excess PbBr2 is a key for such phase change because no similar phenomenon was observed in the case of molar ratio of Pb/Cs of 2.
Effective Biosurfactants production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its efficacy on different Oils

A rhamnolipid producing bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from contaminated soil with oily wastes. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa has grown with glucose and corn oil as a carbon source produced biosurfactant. This biosurfactant was purified by procedures that included chloroform-ethanol extraction and 0.05M bicarbonate treatments. The active compound was identified as rhamnolipid by using thin layer chromatography. The biosurfactant efficacy was tested on coconut oil, groundnut oil, sunflower oil and olive oil. The coconut oil responded better and gave a maximum level of 1cm than the olive oil, groundnut oil and sunflower oil.
Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of extracts from Calophyllum ferrugineum and Calophyllum incrassatum

Calophyllum is a pan-tropical genus belongs to the Guttiferae family and locally known in Malaysia as ‘bintangor’. There has been a continual interest to further investigate the phytochemistry of Calophyllum sp since this genus is a rich source of active secondary metabolites which showed anti-HIV, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties. In this study, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of barks and leaves of C. ferrugineum and C. incrassatum were investigated. Cold extraction method employing dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol as solvent was performed. All extracts were tested for their total phenolic content and antioxidant activities by DPPH radical scavenging and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. The methanol extract from the leaves of C. ferrugineum showed the highest TPC value at 122.08 mg GAE/g and the lowest DPPH SC50 value at 11.80 µg/mL. The methanol extract from the barks of C. ferrugineum was found to have the highest FRAP value among all extracts. The antibacterial activity of all extracts was tested by minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) test against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escheria coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Only the dichloromethane extract from bark of C. ferrugineum showed moderate MIC value against Gram positive bacteria, B. subtilis and S. aureus at 125 µg/mL.
Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Studies on Gold Nanoparticles

After determining that the size of nanoclusters can be tuned such that they have a precise formula much like a chemical compound, much is still not known about nanoclusters, their properties, and how they interact if core size, ligand, and even environment is changed. One such mystery is how does the size of the nanoparticle tune its ability as a catalyst. As it is known that nanoparticles possess unique properties, studies have begun to look towards nanoclusters as catalysts for alternative forms of energy. Therefore, determining how size affects the ability of a nanoparticle catalyst becomes a very important question. To begin to understand how size affects the ability of the nanoparticle as a catalyst, two different series of nanoclusters were observed. Unlike previous studies, all the nanoparticles in the series have the same ligand in order to minimize ligand affects and concentrate on the effect of the size. It was found that for both series the largest AuNM, for both series, was the most selective when reducing O2 and produced the most OH- and the least HO2- for each series. The results suggest that as the size of the AuNM increase the ability as a catalyst does as well, implying that these studies could potential be used as a guide toward designing efficient fuel cells.
Probing the structure, self-assembly, and nanomechanics of bacterial microcompartments

Bacterial carbon fixation activity accounts for a significant proportion of global carbon capture. Bacteria do not have the complex carbon concentrating mechanisms and membrane bound organelles of plants and yet they have incredibly high photosynthetic efficiency. This is, in part, because of the alternative carbon concentrating mechanism bacteria employ involving the carboxysome. Carboxysomes are a type of bacterial microcompartment, a proteinaceous structure comprised of an outer semi-permeable shell encapsulating an internal enzyme filled lumen. By encapsulating the enzyme Rubisco, that catalyses the often rate limiting step of carbon fixation, carboxysomes are able to boost catalytic efficiency. Carboxysomes therefore increase overall carbon fixation activity. Bacterial microcompartments are widespread amongst bacterial phyla and apply the same approach to many enzymatic reactions. Our knowledge of the structure of carboxysomes and other such compartments and how they self-assemble is limited. This is thereby preventing the successful use of recombinant compartments to boost enzymatic efficiency in synthetic systems, plants, and other organisms. In this work, a multifactorial approach is employed to study the carboxysome, from the initial self-assembly of monomeric protein building blocks to the structural and mechanical properties of the entire functional compartment. Novel observations include the first application of near-native high-speed atomic force microscopy to the study of a purified micro-compartment shell protein and the first purification and characterisation of intact carboxysomes, from the widely studied model organism Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. Also the first direct functional and structural comparison of two different kinds of carboxysome, α and β, from different model-bacteria. Previously unobserved protein dynamic events within tiled arrays of shell proteins were recorded. These data shed light on the mechanisms of the initial stages of micro-compartment self-assembly. These data also gave rise to the first clear evidence that manipulating the interactions between individual amino acids in bacterial microcompartment shell proteins can control self-assembly. The mechanical properties of carboxysomes were identified as potential biomarkers to evaluate future synthetic carboxysome constructs through atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3 Using Aluminum Triisopropoxide (ATIP): A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study

The aluminum precursor plays a crucial role in the Al2O3 ALD process. To date, trimethylaluminum (TMA) is one of the most widely used precursors in experimental and theoretical studies. However, its application at industrial scale can pose safety risks since it is pyrophoric and extremely reactive with water. Aluminum alkoxides offer a promising alternative, but have received far less attention. A combined theoretical and experimental investigation is carried out on the Al2O3 ALD process using aluminum triisopropoxide (ATIP) as a prototypical example of Al-alkoxide precursors. The experimental results pointed out that the thermal ALD process using ATIP and water has a maximal growth per cycle (GPC) of 1.8 A/cycle at temperatures of 150 to 175 °C. On the basis of the in situ mass spectrometry analysis and DFT calculations, the formation of the alumina film mainly occurs during the water pulse by ligand exchange reactions between water and adsorbed precursors, while during the ATIP pulse only adsorption of .
Bioluminescence tomography based on bilateral weight Laplace method for in vivo morphological imaging of glioma

The development of Bioluminescence Tomography (BLT) has allowed the quantitative three dimension (3D) whole body imaging and non-invasive study of biological behavior of cancer. However, the ill-posed problem of BLT reconstruction limits the quality of reconstruction result. In this work, we proposed a Bilateral Weight Laplace (BWL) method that utilizes a non-local Laplace regularization to improve the imaging quality of bioluminescence tomography reconstruction. The non-local Laplace regularization was constructed by spatial weight and range weight to penalize the neighborhood-variance of reconstructed source density in both spatial and range domain. To evaluate the performance of BWL method, both dual-source BLT reconstruction experiment in simulation data and in vivo BLT reconstruction in orthotopic glioma mouse model were designed. Furthermore, fast iterative shrinkage/threshold (FIST) method and Laplace method were utilized to compare with BWL. Both dual-source experiment and in vivo experiment demonstrate that the construction results of BWL method provide more accurate tumor position (BCE = 0.37mm in dual-source experiment) and better tumor morphological information.
Counter-Current Leaching of Low-Grade Laterites with Hydrochloric Acid and Proposed Purification Options of Pregnant Solution

A hydrochloric acid hydrometallurgical process was evaluated for Ni and Co extraction from a low-grade saprolitic laterite. The main characteristics of the process were (i) the application of a counter-current mode of operation as the main leaching step (CCL), and (ii) the treatment of pregnant leach solution (PLS) with a series of simple precipitation steps. It was found that, during CCL, co-dissolution of Fe was maintained at very low levels, i.e., about 0.6%, which improved the effectiveness of the subsequent PLS purification step. The treatment of PLS involved an initial precipitation step for the removal of trivalent metals, Fe, Al, and Cr, using Mg(OH)2. The process steps that followed aimed at separating Ni and Co from Mn and the alkaline earths Mg and Ca, by a combination of repetitive oxidative precipitation and dissolution steps. Magnesium and calcium remained in the aqueous phase, Mn was removed as a solid residue of Mn(III)–Mn(IV) oxides, while Ni and Co were recovered as a separate aqueous stream. It was found that the overall Ni and Co recoveries were 40% and 38%, respectively. About 45% of Ni and 37% of Co remained in the leach residue, while 15% Ni and 20% Co were lost in the Mn oxides.
Characterization and Optimization of Capryol-90, Polysorbate-80, And Peg-400 Proportion in Mefenamic Acid Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) With Simplex-Lattice-Design

Mefenamic acid as pain relief drug belongs to the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class II which is practically insoluble in water causing extremely low dissolution in gastrointestinal tract. The self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is a new innovation pharmaceutical dosage form that has effectively known to increase solubilization of hydrophobic drug in polar solvent. In this study the capryol-90 was selected as oil phase in SNEDDS as it showed maximal solubility of mefenamic acid (20 mg/mL). Combination of polysorbate-80 and PEG-400 as a generally regarded as safe (GRAS) excipient were used as surfactant and co-surfactant in SNEDDS due to its high HLB property that can increase mefenamic acid solubility in water. The ternary phase diagram of capryol-90, polysorbate-80, and PEG-400 was constructed in advance to obtain the component concentration of spontaneous nanoemulsion region. Model simplex-lattice-design cooperated in Design-Expert®10 was used to define SNEDDS mefenamic acid formula. Optimized mefenamic acid SNEDDS formula consisted of 20% capryol-90, 31.62% polysorbate-80, and 48.38% PEG-400. Characterization study of Optimized mefenamic acid SNEDDS formula showed improvement of drug content (102.820 ± 4.950)%, emulsification time (421.015 ± 1.290) second, and viscosity (0.927 ± 0.017) mm2/s 30oC. One way ANOVA statistical analysis result of optimal formula SNEDDS (105.210 ± 4.425)% of drug content, commercial generic caplet (0.917 ± 0.094)%, and mefenamic acid powder capsule (10.446 ± 0,333)% gave significant value (sig*) below than 0.05. Optimal formula proved that SNEDDS can significantly increase mefenamic acid dissolution of pH 7.4 (ileum fluid). The optimal formula of mefenamic acid SNEDDS successfully formed an uniformity droplet size (PDI 0.18) with mean size 241.9 nm and the surface charge has a value of -16.5 mV respectively.
Philadelphia-negative (Ph-) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) : comparison with Ph+ CML and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia

To better understand the Philadelphia-negative (Ph-) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and its relationships with Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) CML and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), a study was undertaken by the Groupe Francais de Cytogenetique Hematologique. Thirty-five Ph- CML patients were investigated and compared with 55 chronic phase Ph+ CML and 100 CMML patients. There were 12 M-BCR positive (M-BCR+) and 23 M-BCR negative (MBCR- ) patients. No clinical or biologic differences were found between Ph+ and Ph-, M-BCR+ patients. In the Ph- group, M-BCR+ and M-BCR- patients differed significantly in age (47.7 ± 6.6 v 67.0 ± 6.1 years, respectively; P = .001), leukocytosis (153.4 ± 135.1 v 58.5 ± 37.7 109/L, P = .002), relative monocytosis (1.8% ± 1.2% v 5.6% ± 1.4%, P = .048), absolute basophilia (8.5 ± 9.7 v 0.9 ± 1.5 109/L,P = .001), percentage of immature myeloid precursors (IMP) in peripheral blood (29.0% ± 9.5% v 15.3% ± 8.1%,P = .001), and percentage of erythroblasts in bone marrow (BM) (6.5% ± 3.5% v 14.6% ± 3.6%, P = .001). Karyotypic abnormalities other than the Ph chromosome occurred in 0 of 12 M-BCR+ at diagnosis and 7 of 23 M-BCR- Ph- CML (P = .033). None of the 13 investigated BCR- patients had detectable BCR/ABL transcripts using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and none had an N-RAS mutation. Cytologic findings showed a marked morphologic difference between M-BCR+ and M-BCR- patients, especially in the monocytic lineage. Dysmyelopoietic features in CMML and M-BCR- patients were very similar, and the differences were of quantitative order only. Using four criteria (monocytosis, percentage of IMP, basophilia, and percentage of erythroblasts in BM), patients could be divided into typical and atypical CML and this classification correlated well with molecular findings. We conclude that, while Ph-, M-BCR+, and Ph+ CML are identical diseases, Ph-, M-BCR- CML, and CMML have many similarities and might be only different aspects of a same entity. © 1991 by The American Society of Hematology.
Stand development in whitebark pine woodlands

T. Weaver F.Forcella D. Dale Analysis of density data from stands in the Northern Rocky Mountains shows that, while seedlings establish at the rate of over 1,000 I ha x year in whitebark pine-grouse whortleberry (Pinus albicaulis-Vaccinium scoparium) forests of all ages, stem numbers in the canopy thin to 400 at 30 years, 150 at 200 years, and 100 at 300 to 600 years. Indices of productive potential, cover, and total circumference rise to an asymptote at about 100 years. Total basal area rises from 0 to 60 m21 ha at about 200 years, the aggregate basal area of trees with diameters over 20 em rises from 0 to 40 m21 ha at about 250 years, and tree height m.cuimizes (12 m) at 200 years. It is hypothesized that further growth in productive potential (that is leaf and I or root area) is prevented by limited supplies of water or a nutrient, further growth in basal area is prevented by lack of a nutrient (probably not carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen) and further growth in height is prevented by scarcity of water.