Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Replacing Frying Oils with Low Saturated High Oleic Low Linolenic Soybean Oil (LSHOLLSO) on Fatty Acid Intake

MON 87705 soybean was crossed with non‐biotech low linolenic acid soybean varieties to enhance the oxidative stability of soybean oil, making it suitable for high heat & repeated frying. The new oil from this cross is lower in sat fats, linoleic and linolenic acids and higher in oleic acid than commodity soybean oil. We evaluated the impact of LSHOLLSO on fatty acid intake when substituted for vegetable oils under three replacement scenarios: Sc1 targeted commercial fried foods, grain mixed dishes, egg dishes, grain salty snacks, margarine, mayonnaise, salad dressings, and some restaurant uses; Sc2 added commercial bakery to Sc1; and Sc3 added home‐use bottled soybean oil to Sc2. For the US population, the usual mean daily intake of 16:0 dropped from 14.4 g/d to 12.7, 12.5 & 12.1 g/d post Sc1, 2, & 3; 18:0 dropped from 6.9 g/d to 6.7, 6.4 & 6.4 g/d; 18:1 increased from 27.4 g/d to 32.9, 33.6 & 35.2 g/d; 18:2 decreased from 22.5 g/d to 18.7, 18.5 & 17.6 g/d; 18:3 decreased from 2.2 g/d to 2.1, 2.1 & 2.0 g/d; 58% met the DRI for 18:2 pre‐replacement vs 41%, 40% and 33% post Sc1, 2, & 3; 58% met the DRI for 18:3 pre‐replacement vs 54%, 56% and 51% post Sc 1, 2 & 3. The observed reduction in palmitic and increase in oleic acids were expected. The reduction in linolenic acid was minimal and reduction in linoleic acid is manageable based on current intake levels.
Functional Expression of MRP4 in the Ciliary Epithelium of the Eye

The multidrug‐resistance associated protein 4 (MRP4) is an efflux pump that transports organic anions, including para‐aminohippurate. Transepithelial transport of para‐aminohippurate by the ciliary epithelium was previously demonstrated (Pelis and Delamere, The FASEB Journal 23, Abstract #797.9, 2009). This led to the hypothesis that MRP4 contributes to organic anion transport by the ciliary epithelium. MRP4 expression was examined using reverse transcriptase PCR, Western blotting and functional assays. MRP4 mRNA and protein were detected in the freshly dissected human ciliary body and in a simian virus transformed cell line derived from human ciliary body epithelial cells (SVHCE cells). MRP4 protein levels (relative to total protein) in the native tissue and cultured cells were comparable. In SVHCE cells, the intracellular accumulation of the fluorescent MRP4 substrate bimane glutathione increased in a dose‐dependent manner in the presence of the MRP4 inhibitors, probenecid and indomethacin. These data indicate that MRP4 contributes to organic anion transport by the human ciliary epithelium. The functional expression of MRP4 in SVHCE cells makes them a potentially useful system for examining MRP4‐mediated organic anion transport by ciliary epithelia. Supported by NIH.
A neuron model with unbalanced synaptic weights explains asymmetric effects of ketamine in auditory cortex

Although new advances in neuroscience allow the study of vocal communication in awake animals, substantial progress in the processing of vocalizations has been made from brains of anaesthetized preparations. Thus, understanding how anaesthetics affect neuronal responses is of paramount importance. Here, we used electrophysiological recordings and computational modelling to study how the auditory cortex of bats responds to vocalizations under anaesthesia and in wakefulness. We found that multifunctional neurons that process echolocation and communication sounds were affected by ketamine anaesthesia in a manner that could not be predicted by known anaesthetic effects. In wakefulness, acoustic contexts (preceding echolocation or communication sequences) led to stimulus-specific suppression of lagging sounds, accentuating neuronal responses to sound transitions. However, under anaesthesia, communication contexts (but not echolocation) led to a global suppression of responses to lagging sounds. Such asymmetric effect was dependent on the frequency composition of the contexts and not on their temporal patterns. We constructed a neuron model that could replicate the data obtained in vivo. In the model, anaesthesia modulates spiking activity in a channel-specific manner, decreasing responses of cortical inputs tuned to high-frequency sounds and increasing adaptation in the respective cortical synapses. Combined, our findings obtained in vivo and in silico reveal that ketamine anaesthesia does not reduce uniformly the neurons’ responsiveness to low and high frequency sounds. This effect depends on combined mechanisms that unbalance cortical inputs and ultimately affect how auditory cortex neurons respond to natural sounds in anaesthetized preparations.
Underwater communications system

An underwater communication system, electromagnetic and / or magnetic signals for transmission to a remote receiver, the system having a data input; digital data compressor for compressing data to be transmitted; modulator for the compressed modulating data onto a carrier signal, and an electrically insulating, magnetically coupled to an antenna for transmitting modulated signals compressed.
Disparaties in access to fresh produce among food pantry clients in Los Angeles

Access to fresh produce and other healthy foods differs between poor ethnic and wealthier nonethnic neighborhoods. Food pantry clients, many living in poor ethnic neighborhoods, are at highest risk for inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables as emergency food assistance often does not include a supply of fresh produce. This study examined to what extent food pantry clients live within reasonable walking distance of stores carrying fresh produce and proposes a strategy to increase accessibility of produce to food pantry clients.
How does Energy Minimization Improve Recognizing Human Poses for Safe Human-Robot Collaboration?

Problem StatementOIn the industrial scenario humans and robots often share the same workspace posinga lot of threats to human safety issues.OWe focus on the:-Intuitive and natural human-robot interaction. -Safety considerations and measures in a shared work environment. -The realization of cooperative process. -The workow optimization.OWe use a random decision forest (RDF) and a conditional random eld (CRF) forpixelwise object class labeling of human body-parts using depth measurementsobtained from KINECT RGB-D ceiling sensor.OWe use energy minimization (EM) method in order to improve recognition ofhuman body parts.Related WorkOShotton et al. in [1], propose a segmentation approach purely based on pixelwiseclassi cation using boosted classi er.OShotton et al. in [2], demonstrate the application of segmentation of humanbody-parts for human pose segmentation in real-time using decision forests.OSharma et al. in [4], propose an optimized training strategy for pixelwisesegmentation.Data Collection
Elevated counts of naïve and memory B cells might be associated with the severity of myocardial damage in the setting of acute myocardial infarction

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is typically caused by an abrupt blockage of a coronary artery, leading to necrosis of the affected heart tissue. Immediately, distinct leukocyte cell populations infiltrate the injured heart mediating self‐repair and regeneration of the injured tissue as well as pathological autoimmune responses. The latter of which may subsequently lead to ventricular remodeling and heart failure. Hence, regulating this immune response may prove beneficial as an adjunct therapy in the management of AMI. B lymphocytes act as important sensors of pathogens and self‐antigens and promote both protective and autoimmune effects. We explored the role of subtypes of maturating B lymphocytes in the setting of ischemic injury.
Interventions Blunting Systemic Inflammation and Oxidant Stress Improve Depressive Symptoms and Vascular Function in a Model of Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of physical ailments such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. MetS is associated with increased likelihood for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the United States. A growing body of evidence has established CVD and MetS as risk factors for developing depression, raising questions about the physiological links between these highly prevalent conditions. This comorbidity has been observed preclinically in obese Zucker rats (OZR), which concurrently develop MetSyn and symptoms of depression with age. While several studies have sought to evaluate possible cardiovascular benefits of common antidepressants, such as SSRIs, little is known as to whether treating constituent pathologies of Metabolic Syndrome could have beneficial effects on depressive symptoms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of several commonly prescribed therapeutic agents towards improving vascular function and reducing depressive behaviors in adult OZR, and to identify potential mechanisms defining these effects. At 7–8 weeks of age, male OZR and lean control (LZR) animals received one of the following therapies for 9 weeks: anti‐hypertensive (captopril, hydralazine), anti‐diabetic (metformin, rosiglitazone), anti‐dyslipidemic (atorvastatin, gemfibrozil), anti‐oxidant (TEMPOL), or daily treadmill exercise training; at the conclusion of treatment, depressive symptoms, ex vivo arteriolar vascular reactivity, NO bioavailability, and plasma biomarkers of stress and inflammation were assessed in each animal. Of all treatments, exercise, atorvastatin, and TEMPOL were found to significantly improve depressive symptoms in OZR and restore vascular function in skeletal muscle arterioles. Further analysis revealed that these three interventions all reduced levels of plasma TNF‐α, nitrotyrosine, corticosterone, and thromboxane, in addition to improving NO bioavailability and vascular reactivity. Each of the other treatments improved at least their primary pathological target, but did so without improving depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that the pleiotropic benefits of atorvastatin, TEMPOL, and exercise‐ specifically, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidant effects‐ may contribute to improving depressive symptoms. Additionally, these results imply a possible cardiovascular etiology for depression, and raise the possibility that coupling antidepressant therapy with a drug such as atorvastatin could lead to improved outcomes for patients with depression.
DSP-Free Coherent Receivers for Data Center Links

Coherent detection offers high spectral efficiency and receiver sensitivity, but digital signal processing (DSP)-based coherent receivers may be prohibitively power hungry for data centers even when optimized for short-reach applications, where fiber propagation impairments are less severe. We propose and evaluate low-power DSP-free homodyne coherent receiver architectures for dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK) for inter- and intradata center links. We propose a novel optical polarization demultiplexing technique, for DP-QPSK and higher-order modulation formats, with three cascaded phase shifters driven by marker tone detection circuitry. We consider carrier recovery based on either optical or electrical phase-locked loops (PLLs). We propose a novel multiplier-free phase detector based on XOR gates, which exhibits less than 0.5 dB power penalty relative to a conventional Costas loop phase detector. We also study the relative performance of homodyne DP-differential QPSK, for which carrier phase recovery is unnecessary. Our proposed DSP-free architectures exhibit ∼1 dB power penalty at small chromatic dispersion compared to their DSP-based counterparts. We estimate conservatively that the high-speed analog electronics of an electrical PLL-based coherent receiver consume nearly 4 W for 200 Gbit/s DP-QPSK, assuming a 90-nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor process.
Investigating Methylated Arginine Residues in PGC‐1α

Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α) participates in the regulation of both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and is activated by insulin. For these reasons, it has been implicated in obesity and diabetes. PGC‐1α is subjected to many post‐translational modifications including phosphorylation of Ser570 by protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), which stops gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. In addition, PGC‐1α is methylated by protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) at several arginine residues, including Arg665, Arg667 and Arg669 which enhance its regulation. Evidence for additional arginine methylated sites have been found, but the exact sites remain unknown. We set out to identify methylated arginine residues on PGC‐1α. PRMT1 and truncated constructs corresponding to PGC‐1α were expressed and purified. Next, in vitro methylation reactions were carried out, followed by detection of methylated arginine residues by various methods including immunoblot and autoradiography. Identification of the methylated arginine residue(s), will enhance our understanding of PGC‐1α with the broader goal of determining its regulation in the context of obesity and diabetes.
Prdm16 and Mecom mutants exhibit cleft secondary palate as a result of perturbations that affect different stages of palatogenesis

The paralogous Prdm16 and Mecom transcription factor genes play widespread and important roles during mouse embryogenesis and postnatal development. Each gene is required for the maintenance of various stem cell populations (i.e. hematopoietic and neuronal stem cells). Our studies have focused on increasing understanding of Prdm16 function in developing orofacial structures, specifically mandible, tongue and palate. Prdm16 loss‐of‐function mutations result in cleft secondary palate (CP) due to failed palate shelf elevation secondary to micrognathia. This mechanism of clefting models that observed in human Pierre Robin Sequence CP.
Electrical contact arrangement for vacuum interrupter arrangement

A vacuum interrupter for a circuit breaker arrangement comprising a cylindrically shaped insulating part (1 ), within which a pair of electrical contact parts (2a, 2b) are coaxially arranged and concentrical surrounded by the insulating part (1 ), wherein the electrical contact parts (2a, 2b) comprise means for initiating a disconnection arc only between corresponding inner contact elements (8a, 8b) after starting a disconnection process, and corresponding outer contact elements (9a, 9b) comprise means for commutate said arc from the inner contact elements (8a, 8b) to the outer contact elements (9a, 9b) until the disconnection process is completed, wherein each inner electrical contact element (8a; 8b) is designed as a TMF-like contact element for generating mainly a transverse magnetic field, and each outer electrical contact element (9a; 9b) is designed as an AMF-like contact element for generating mainly an axial magnetic field.
In Vitro Ascorbic Acid Treatment Decreases Resistance‐sized Mesenteric Artery Myogenic Reactivity in Pregnant Rats with Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure

Preeclampsia is thought be initiated by poor placental perfusion resulting in maternal hypertension and vascular dysfunction. There is evidence to suggest that oxidative stress plays an important role in the vascular dysfunction associated with the disease. Thus, antioxidant (ascorbic acid) treatment may be a possible therapeutic approach. The reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) pregnant rat is an animal model for preeclampsia. Day 14 pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to RUPP or SHAM surgery and terminated on Day 21. Resistance mesenteric (~280um) arteries were mounted on a pressure arteriograph and incubated with and without ascorbic acid (20uM). Myogenic reactivity and methacholine induced vasodilation were studied. In vitro ascorbic acid incubation decreased myogenic reactivity of resistance mesenteric arteries from RUPP compared to untreated RUPP mesenteric arteries (p<0.05). Methacholine induced vasodilation was significantly improved in mesenteric arteries from RUPP mothers when exposed in vitro to ascorbic acid compared to untreated RUPP mesenteric arteries (p<0.05). In conclusion, these data demonstrate that in vitro ascorbic acid treatment improves the detrimental vascular behavior alterations associated with RUPP. Thus, ascorbic acid treatment may provide beneficial vasculature effects in hypertensive diseases of pregnancy such as preeclampsia.
Two types of snake-like robots for complex environment exploration: Design, development, and experiment

A snake-like robot has flexible mobility and high stability with low center of mass. It is very useful for complex environment exploration. This article develops two types of snake-like robots with different structure, shape, and modular joints. One (named as HITSZ-Snakebot I) is composed of 10 single degree-of-freedom modular joints, and the other (called HITSZ-Snakebot II) comprised eight 2-degree-of-freedom modular spherical-shape joints. The joints of the two types of robots are arranged as the same layout, that is, “Yaw-Pitch- Yaw-Pitch-…. ” The difference lies that, for the former, each rotation axes (“Yaw” or “Pitch”) is designed as one modularized unit, while for the latter, two adjacent rotation axes (“Yaw” and “Pitch”) are designed as one modularized unit. The exterior frame of each 2-degrees-of-freedom joint is designed as a spherical structure, which is connected with the motor through two-stage reduction mechanism. Therefore, the drive torques are largely increased. Many small passive wheels are mounted along a circle of the exterior surface. Such design largely decreases the friction between the robot and the road, and it also has the effect of compensating gravity when the space simulation is applied. At last, two types of prototypes are developed and experimented. The results show that the developed robots have high mobility and flexibility.
Novel anatomical analysis of human embryos using iodine staining and micro‐computed tomography (CT Scanning)

Human developmental anatomy is central to understanding of many disease states but has been challenged by the typically destructive analysis (e.g., histology) of scarce fetal specimens. CT scanning is non‐destructive, but is usually poor at distinguishing soft tissues. Iodine potassium iodide (I2KI) staining prior to CT is a new method to enhance soft‐tissue contrast. This study is the first to study human development with iodine‐enhanced microCT. Six human embryos ranging from 6–18 weeks, will be scanned, soaked in Lugol's solution for days to months depending on size, and then rescanned. Data are analyzed in Avizo and presented as images and 3D models. Here we present a progress report based on a subset of the total sample. Iodine staining shows many distinguishable soft tissues and provides highly detailed images. Results include clear details of the developing brain, fetal heart and circulation, and gut. The contrast provided by iodine staining creates images that can be used to analyze components of fetal anatomy that can provide insight into many developmental anomalies. This initial success indicates that this technique has great promise for producing valuable visualizations of human fetal development and a better understanding of human disease. Funding for this project was provided by a grant to AS from the Ohio University Provost Undergraduate Research Fund and to LMW from NSF.
An Association between Type Igamma PtIns4P 5‐Kinase and Exo70 Directs E‐cadherin Clustering and Epithelial Polarization

The mechanisms underlying E‐cadherin clustering and AJ maturation are not fully understood although the E‐cadherin‐mediated formation of adherens junctions (AJs) is essential for the morphogenesis of epithelial cells. Here we report that the association between type Iγ phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPKIγ) and Exo70 regulated the transport and clustering of Ecadherin on the plasma membrane and, subsequently, the extension of nascent E‐cadherin adhesions. We also observed that PI4,5P(2) accumulation at E‐cadherin clusters during the assembly of E‐cadherin adhesions. PIPKIγ‐generated PI4,5P(2) is required for recruiting Exo70 to newly formed E‐cadherin junctions and facilitates the assembly and maturation of AJs. Additionally, Rho activity and actin structure were impaired by loss of Exo70 and/or PIPKIγ. These results support a model in which PIPKIγ and PIPKIγ‐generated PI4,5P(2) pools at nascent E‐cadherin contacts cue Exo70 targeting and orients the tethering of exocyst‐associated E‐cadherin. This could be an important mechanism that regulates E‐cadherin clustering and AJ maturation, and actin reorganization, which is essential for the establishment of solid, polarized epithelial structures.
Eating high fat chow selectively impacts sensitivity to drugs acting on dopamine D3/D2 but not serotonin 2A receptors

Feeding conditions (e.g., type and quantity of food) can impact sensitivity to drugs acting on monoamine systems including direct‐and indirect‐acting dopamine (DA) receptor agonists; much less is known about the impact of different feeding conditions on drugs acting on serotonin (5‐HT) systems. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats had free access to high fat chow (34.3% fat; n = 8) or standard chow (5.7% fat; n = 7). Rats eating high fat chow gained more weight than rats eating standard chow and they became insulin resistant within 2 weeks. Moreover, rats eating high fat chow were more sensitive to yawning induced by quinpirole (DA receptor agonist; 0.0032–0.32 mg/kg) as compared with rats eating standard chow. Throughout the study, head twitching and changes to body temperature produced by the 5‐HT2A receptor agonist DOM (1‐(2, 5‐dimethoxy‐4‐methylphenyl)‐2‐aminopropane; 0.1–3.2 mg/kg) were not significantly different between groups. These results indicate that diet differentially impacts drugs acting on DA and 5‐ HT systems. Eating high fat chow selectively sensitized rats to the behavioral effects of a DA agonist, suggesting that eating high fat food might increase sensitivity to, and therefore vulnerability to abuse, drugs acting on dopamine systems (e.g., cocaine). CPF is supported by the NIDA Senior Scientist Award (K05 DA017918).
Cholecystokinin Antagonizes Opioid Function during Electroacupuncture Modulation of Reflex Hypertension in Rats

Hypertension is one of the greatest causes of death in middle‐aged and elderly North Americans, but current western medical therapies are not fully effective. Acupuncture or electroacupuncture (EA) is increasingly being accepted as a viable therapy in the United States and may serve as an alternative treatment to drug therapy in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. We have demonstrated that EA acts through an opioid mechanism in rostral ventrolateral medulla (rVLM) to inhibit sympathoexcitatory reflexes induced by gastric distention. Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK‐8), a gastrointestinal peptide hormone, is present throughout the central nervous system and mediates pain and anxiety. CCK‐8 interacts with CCK1 and CCK2 receptors. The present study investigated the hypothesis that CCK‐8 in the rVLM limits the modulatory action of EA effect on sympathoexcitatory responses. Experiments were performed on male rats anesthetized with ketamine and α‐chloralose who were subjected to repeated gastric distension every 10 minutes. EA ( 2Hz, 0.5ms, 1–4mA) at Jianshi‐Neiguan (P5–P6) acupoints was applied for 30 min followed by microinjection of CCK‐8 (0.15mM, 50 nl) into the rVLM in 7 rats reversed the EA modulatory response from (11.0 ± 2.0 ) to (19.1 ± 2.8) mmHg. Saline injections into the rVLM at the end of 30 min EA did not influence the prolonged inhibition of reflex elevations in blood pressure in five other animals. Alternatively, devazepide (0.5 mM, 50 nl), a CCK1 antagonist microinjected into the rVLM of six rats that initially did not respond to 30 min of EA led to conversion during a second application of EA. Micoinjection of the vehicle of devazepide (50 nl ) into rVLM did not modify the nonresponsiveness to EA application (n=2). These data suggest that CCK‐8 through its action on CCK1 receptors limits the action of EA in the rVLM of rats in modulating reflex hypertension. (Supported by AHA 10POST4190125, NIH HL‐63313 and HL‐072125).