Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Новине у лечењу астме код деце

U dee jem uz ra stu kod oko 70% pa ci je na ta ja vqa ju se simp to mi bla ge per zi stent ne ast me, sto znaei da ne ma po tre be za re dov nom pre ven ci jom, da se ta kva de ca ret ko ja vqa ju le ka ru, na ro ei to supspe ci ja li sti, a simp to me ast me le ee po vre me nom pri me nom krat ko de lu ju aeih bron ho di la ta to ra [1]. Po ka za lo se da ova kva vr sta mo no te ra pi je po gorsa va kon tro lu ast me i zna eaj no uti ee na po ja vu te skih ne že qe nih efe ka ta [2]. Sto ga se u po je dinim ra do vi ma sa ve tu je pri me na pre ven tiv nih leko va u ra nim fa za ma ume re no te skih ob li ka astme, sto opet mo že bi ti kon tro verz no, pre sve ga zbog mo gu aeih stet nih dej sta va kor ti ko ste ro idne te ra pi je [3, 4]. Kon cept da je ast ma za pa qewska bo lest di saj nih pu te va vo di nas do pri me ne in ha la ci o nih kor ti ko ste ro i da (IKS) kao prvog iz bo ra u le ee wu, sto ne zna ei da je to i je dina mo guae nost [5]. Do sko ra su u na soj sre di ni pr va op ci ja u le eewu ast me kod de ce bi li IKS, ali sa da su do stupni i an ta go ni sti le u ko tri je na (LTRA), ko ji ima ju i bron ho di la ta tor na i an ti in fla ma tor na svojstva. Gar si ja (Gar cia) i sa rad ni ci [6] su po re dili efek te LTRA i IKS u ma lim do za ma kod de ce sa bla gom per zi stent nom ast mom i za pa zi li dobar uei nak obe vr ste le ko va, s tim da su IKS bili de lo tvor ni ji od LTRA. Za be le ži li su i da je bi lo bo le sni ka ko ji su oei gled no bo qe re a go vali na pri me nu sa mo LTRA. Ima ju aei u vi du ei we ni ce da se pr ve bron ho opstruk ci je ja vqa ju vr lo ra no, u uz ra stu do tri godi ne, i da, uko li ko se za i sta že li re a go va ti preven tiv no, an ti ast mat sku te ra pi ju tre ba za po ee ti veae u tom uz ra stu, mo ra mo se kri tie ki osvr nu ti na re al nu efi ka snost i oprav da nost ova kvog pristu pa. Iz ne aee mo ne ka po tvr ðe na sa zna wa i is kustva iz na se i svet ske prak se ko ja aee nam po moaei da pro ble mu le ee wa ast me kod de ce pri stu pimo na od go va ra ju aei i sa vre men na ein.
Functional Contributions of the Arcuate Fasciculus to Language Processing

Current evidence strongly suggests that the arcuate fasciculus (AF) is critical for language, from spontaneous speech and word retrieval to repetition and comprehension abilities. However, to further pinpoint its unique and differential role in language, its anatomy needs to be explored in greater detail and its contribution to language processing beyond that of known cortical language areas must be established. We address this in a comprehensive evaluation of the specific functional role of the AF in a well-characterized cohort of individuals with chronic aphasia (n = 33) following left hemisphere stroke. To evaluate macro- and microstructural integrity of the AF, tractography based on the constrained spherical deconvolution model was performed. The AF in the left and right hemispheres were then manually reconstructed using a modified 3-segment model (Catani et al., 2005), and a modified 2-segment model (Glasser and Rilling, 2008). The normalized volume and a measure of microstructural integrity of the long and the posterior segments of the AF were significantly correlated with language indices while controlling for gender and lesion volume. Specific contributions of AF segments to language while accounting for the role of specific cortical language areas – inferior frontal, inferior parietal, and posterior temporal – were tested using multiple regression analyses. Involvement of the following tract segments in the left hemisphere in language processing beyond the contribution of cortical areas was demonstrated: the long segment of the AF contributed to naming abilities; anterior segment – to fluency and naming; the posterior segment – to comprehension. The results highlight the important contributions of the AF fiber pathways to language impairments beyond that of known cortical language areas. At the same time, no clear role of the right hemisphere AF tracts in language processing could be ascertained. In sum, our findings lend support to the broader role of the left AF in language processing, with particular emphasis on comprehension and naming, and point to the posterior segment of this tract as being most crucial for supporting residual language abilities.
A Case of Intragenic Recombination Dramatically Impacting the Phage WO Genetic Diversity in Gall Wasps

The phage WO was characterized in Wolbachia, a strictly intracellular bacterium causing several reproductive alterations in its arthropod hosts. This study aimed to screen the presence of Wolbachia and phage WO in 15 gall wasp species from six provinces of southern China to investigate their diversity and prevalence patterns. A high incidence of Wolbachia infection was determined in the gall wasp species, with an infection rate of 86.7% (13/15). Moreover, seven species had double or multiple infections. All Wolbachia-infected gall wasp species were found to harbor phage WO. The gall wasp species infected with a single Wolbachia strain were found to harbor a single phage WO type. On the contrary, almost all species with double or multiple Wolbachia infections harbored a high level of phage WO diversity (ranging from three to 27 types). Six horizontal transfer events of phage WO in Wolbachia were found to be associated with gall wasps, which shared identical orf7 sequences among their respective accomplices. The transfer potentially took place through gall inducers and associated inquilines infected with or without Wolbachia. Furthermore, 10 putative recombination events were identified from Andricus hakonensis and Andricus sp2, which harbored multiple phage WO types, suggesting that intragenic recombination was the important evolutionary force, which effectively promoted the high level of phage WO diversity associated with gall wasps.
Variation and Diagnostic Power of the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 in Mediterranean and Atlantic Eolid Nudibranchs (Mollusca, Gastropoda)

Mediterranean marine biodiversity is still underestimated especially for groups such as nudibranchs. The identification of nudibranchs taxa is challenging because few morphological characters are available and among them chromatic patterns often do not align with species delimitation. Molecular assessments helped unveiling cryptic diversity within nudibranchs and have been mostly based on mitochondrial markers. Fast evolving nuclear markers are much needed to complement phylogenetic and systematic assessments at the species and genus levels. Here, we assess the utility of the nuclear Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) to delimit species in the eolid nudibranchs using both primary and secondary structures. Comparisons between the variation observed at the ITS2 and at the two commonly used mitochondrial markers (COI and 16S) on 14 eolid taxa from 10 genera demonstrate the ability of ITS2 to detect congeneric, closely related, species. While ITS2 has been fruitfully used in several other mollusc taxa, this study represents the first application of this nuclear marker in nudibranchs.
GLUT4 in Mouse Endometrial Epithelium: Roles in Embryonic Development and Implantation

GLUT4 is involved in rapid glucose uptake among various kinds of cells to contribute to glucose homeostasis. Prior data have reported that aberrant glucose metabolism by GLUT4 dysfunction in the uterus could be responsible for infertility and increased miscarriage. However, the expression and precise functions of GLUT4 in the endometrium under physiological conditions remain unknown or controversial. In this study, we observed that GLUT4 exhibits a spatiotemporal expression in mouse uterus on pregnant days 1–4; its expression especially increased on pregnant day 4 during the window of implantation. We also determined that estrogen, in conjunction with progesterone, promotes the expression of GLUT4 in the endometrial epithelium in vivo or in vitro. GLUT4 is an important transporter that mediates glucose transport in endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) in vitro or in vivo. In vitro, glucose uptake decreased in mouse EECs when the cells were treated with GLUT4 small interfering RNA (siRNA). In vivo, the injection of GLUT4-siRNA into one side of the mouse uterine horns resulted in an increased glucose concentration in the uterine fluid on pregnant day 4, although it was still lower than in blood, and impaired endometrial receptivity by inhibiting pinopode formation and the expressions of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and integrin ανβ3, finally affecting embryonic development and implantation. Overall, the obtained results indicate that GLUT4 in the endometrial epithelium affects embryo development by altering glucose concentration in the uterine fluid. It can also affect implantation by impairing endometrial receptivity due to dysfunction of GLUT4.
Variation in Soil Microbial Communities Along an Elevational Gradient in Alpine Meadows of the Qilian Mountains, China

Bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryota diversity in mountainous areas varies along elevational gradients, but details remain unclear. Here, we use a next-generation sequencing method based on 16S/18S rRNA to reveal the soil microbial diversity and community compositions of alpine meadow ecosystems along an elevation span of nearly 2,000 m (1,936–3,896 m) in China’s Qilian Mountains. Both bacterial and eukaryota diversity increased linearly with increasing elevation, whereas archaeal diversity increased, but not significantly. The diversity patterns of several phyla in the bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryota communities were consistent with the overall elevational trend, but some phyla did not follow this pattern. The soil microbial community compositions were shaped by the coupled effects of regional climate and local soil properties. Intradomain links were more important than interdomain links in the microbial network of the alpine meadows, and these links were mostly positive. The bacteria formed more connections than either archaea or eukaryota, but archaea may be more important than bacteria in building the soil microbial co-occurrence network in this region. Our results provide new visions on the formation and maintenance of soil microbial diversity along an elevational gradient and have implications for microbial responses to climate change in alpine ecosystems.
Chemistry-Assisted Proteomic Profiling of O-GlcNAcylation

The modification on proteins with O-linked N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) is essential for normal cell physiology. Dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation leads to many human diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, the functional role of O-GlcNAcylation in different physiological states has been elucidated due to the booming detection technologies. Chemical approaches for the enrichment of O-GlcNAcylated proteins combined with mass spectrometry-based proteomics enable the profiling of protein O-GlcNAcylation in a system-wide level. In this review, we summarize recent progresses on the enrichment and proteomic profiling of protein O-GlcNAcylation.
Toward Robust Cognitive 3D Brain-Inspired Cross-Paradigm System

Spiking Neuromorphic systems have been introduced as promising platforms for energy-efficient spiking neural network (SNNs) execution. SNNs incorporate neuronal and synaptic states in addition to the variant time scale into their computational model. Since each neuron in these networks is connected to many others, high bandwidth is required. Moreover, since the spike times are used to encode information in SNN, a precise communication latency is also needed, although SNN is tolerant to the spike delay variation in some limits when it is seen as a whole. The two-dimensional packet-switched network-on-chip was proposed as a solution to provide a scalable interconnect fabric in large-scale spike-based neural networks. The 3D-ICs have also attracted a lot of attention as a potential solution to resolve the interconnect bottleneck. Combining these two emerging technologies provides a new horizon for IC design to satisfy the high requirements of low power and small footprint in emerging AI applications. Moreover, although fault-tolerance is a natural feature of biological systems, integrating many computation and memory units into neuromorphic chips confronts the reliability issue, where a defective part can affect the overall system's performance. This paper presents the design and simulation of R-NASH-a reliable three-dimensional digital neuromorphic system geared explicitly toward the 3D-ICs biological brain's three-dimensional structure, where information in the network is represented by sparse patterns of spike timing and learning is based on the local spike-timing-dependent-plasticity rule. Our platform enables high integration density and small spike delay of spiking networks and features a scalable design. R-NASH is a design based on the Through-Silicon-Via technology, facilitating spiking neural network implementation on clustered neurons based on Network-on-Chip. We provide a memory interface with the host CPU, allowing for online training and inference of spiking neural networks. Moreover, R-NASH supports fault recovery with graceful performance degradation.
Nutritional Properties of Ogi Powder and Sensory Perception of Ogi Porridge Made From Synthetic Provitamin: A Maize Genotype

Provitamin-A maize (PVA) with increased carotenoid content obtained through conventional breeding techniques has been largely successful in sub-Saharan Africa. This resulted in a need to evaluate their susceptibility, retention, and nutritional content during processing into local foods. This study evaluated the chemical, carotenoid composition, and retention of PVA, the phytic acid content in ogi powder, and the sensory perception of ogi porridge produced traditionally from the three novel PVA maize genotypes (PVA SYN HGAC0 Maize 1; PVA SYN HGBC0 Maize 2; and PVA SYN HGBC1 Maize 3) and one yellow maize variety (control). Chemical composition analyses showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in all parameters. The PVA ranged from 5.96 to 8.43 μg/g in Maize 2 and 3 before processing while the true percentage retention after processing into ogi powder ranged from 20.25 to 37.54% in Maize 1 and 2, respectively. In addition, there was a reduction in the phytate content of ogi powder, and Maize 2 contained the lowest (2.78 mg/g from 4.09 mg/g). Maize 2 genotype had the highest vitamin A contribution; it can meet 18.3% of the vitamin A requirements in children while in adult males and females (>19 years), 6.2 and 7.7%, respectively. Sensory evaluation showed that the ogi 3 porridge (Maize 3) was the most acceptable, followed by Maize 2. In conclusion, Maize 2 had the highest PVA, true retention of carotenoid, vitamin A contributions, and the second most acceptable ogi porridge with the lowest phytate content.
T2-Weighted Whole-Brain Intracranial Vessel Wall Imaging at 3 Tesla With Cerebrospinal Fluid Suppression

Background T2-weighted (T2w) intracranial vessel wall imaging (IVWI) provides good contrast to differentiate intracranial vasculopathies and discriminate various important plaque components. However, the strong cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) signal in T2w images interferes with depicting the intracranial vessel wall. In this study, we propose a T2-prepared sequence for whole-brain IVWI at 3T with CSF suppression. Methods A preparation module that combines T2 preparation and inversion recovery (T2IR) was used to suppress the CSF signal and was incorporated into the commercial three-dimensional (3D) turbo spin echo sequence-Sampling Perfection with Application optimized Contrast using different flip angle Evolution (SPACE). This new technique (hereafter called T2IR-SPACE) was evaluated on nine healthy volunteers and compared with two other commonly used 3D T2-weighted sequences: T2w-SPACE and FLAIR-SPACE (FLAIR: fluid-attenuated inversion recovery). The signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of the vessel wall (VW) and CSF and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) between them were measured and compared among these three T2-weighted sequences. Subjective wall visualization of the three T2-weighted sequences was scored blindly and independently by two radiologists using a four-point scale followed by inter-rater reproducibility analysis. A pilot study of four stroke patients was performed to preliminarily evaluate the diagnostic value of this new sequence, which was compared with two conventional T2-weighted sequences. Results T2IR-SPACE had the highest CNR (11.01 ± 6.75) compared with FLAIR-SPACE (4.49 ± 3.15; p < 0.001) and T2w-SPACE (−56.16 ± 18.58; p < 0.001). The subjective wall visualization score of T2IR-SPACE was higher than those of FLAIR-SPACE and T2w-SPACE (T2IR-SPACE: 2.35 ± 0.59; FLAIR-SPACE: 0.52 ± 0.54; T2w-SPACE: 1.67 ± 0.58); the two radiologists’ scores showed excellent agreement (ICC = 0.883). Conclusion The T2IR preparation module markedly suppressed the CSF signal without much SNR loss of the other tissues (i.e., vessel wall, white matter, and gray matter) compared with the IR pulse. Our results suggest that T2IR-SPACE is a potential alternative T2-weighted sequence for assessing intracranial vascular diseases.
Accessing Ancestral Origin and Diversity Evolution by Net Divergence of an Ongoing Domestication Mediterranean Olive Tree Variety

Olea europaea ‘Galega vulgar’ variety is a blend of West and Central Mediterranean germplasm with cultivated-wild admixture characteristics. ‘Galega vulgar’ is known for its high rusticity and superior-quality olive oil, being the main Portuguese variety with high impact for bioeconomy. Nevertheless, it has been replaced by higher-yielding and more adapted to intensive production foreign varieties. To clarify the potential ancestral origin, genetic diversity evolution, and existing genetic relationships within the national heritage of ‘Galega vulgar’, 595 trees, belonging to ancient and centenary age groups and prospected among ten traditional production regions, were characterized using 14 SSR markers after variety validation by endocarp measurements. Ninety-five distinguishable genets were identified, revealing the presence of a reasonable amount of intra-genetic and morphological variability. A minimum spanning tree, depicting the complete genealogy of all identified genets, represented the ‘Galega vulgar’ intra-varietal diversity, with 94% of the trees showing only a two-allele difference from the most frequent genet (C001). Strong correlations between the number of differentiating alleles from C001, the clonal size, and their net divergence suggested an ancestral monoclonal origin of the ‘Galega vulgar’, with the most frequent genet identified as the most likely origin of all the genets and phenotypic diversification occurring through somatic mutations. Genetic erosion was detected through the loss of some allele combinations across time. This work highlights the need to recover the lost diversity in this traditional olive variety by including ancient private genets (associated with potential adaptation traits) in future breeding programs and investing in the protection of these valuable resources in situ by safeguarding the defined region of origin and dispersion of ‘Galega vulgar’. Furthermore, this approach proved useful on a highly diverse olive variety and thus applicable to other diverse varieties due either to their intermediate nature between different gene pools or to the presence of a mixture of cultivated and wild traits (as is the case of ‘Galega vulgar’).
Spinal Cord Stimulation Attenuates Mechanical Allodynia and Increases Central Resolvin D1 Levels in Rats With Spared Nerve Injury

Mounting evidence from animal models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain suggests that inflammation regulates the resolution of pain by producing specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), such as resolvin D1 (RvD1). However, it remains unclear how SPMs are induced in the central nervous system and whether these mechanisms can be reconciled with outcomes of neuromodulation therapies for pain, such as spinal cord stimulation. Here, we show that in a male rat model of neuropathic pain produced by spared nerve injury (SNI), 1 kHz spinal cord stimulation (1 kHz SCS) alone was sufficient to reduce mechanical allodynia and increase RvD1 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). SNI resulted in robust and persistent mechanical allodynia and cold allodynia. Spinal cord electrode implantation was conducted at the T11-T13 vertebral level 1 week after SNI. The spinal locations of the implanted electrodes were validated by X-Ray radiography. 1 kHz SCS was applied for 6 h at 0.1 ms pulse-width, and this stimulation alone was sufficient to effectively reduce nerve injury-induced mechanical allodynia during stimulation without affecting SNI-induced cold allodynia. SCS alone significantly reduced interleukin-1β levels in both serum and CSF samples. Strikingly, SCS significantly increased RvD1 levels in the CSF but not serum. Finally, intrathecal injection of RvD1 (100 and 500 ng, i.t.) 4 weeks after nerve injury reduced SNI-induced mechanical allodynia in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that 1 kHz SCS may alleviate neuropathic pain via reduction of IL-1β and via production and/or release of RvD1 to control SNI-induced neuroinflammation.
Cardiomyocyte Deletion of Bmal1 Exacerbates QT- and RR-Interval Prolongation in Scn5a+/ΔKPQ Mice

Circadian rhythms are generated by cell autonomous circadian clocks that perform a ubiquitous cellular time-keeping function and cell type-specific functions important for normal physiology. Studies show inducing the deletion of the core circadian clock transcription factor Bmal1 in adult mouse cardiomyocytes disrupts cardiac circadian clock function, cardiac ion channel expression, slows heart rate, and prolongs the QT-interval at slow heart rates. This study determined how inducing the deletion of Bmal1 in adult cardiomyocytes impacted the in vivo electrophysiological phenotype of a knock-in mouse model for the arrhythmogenic long QT syndrome (Scn5a+/ΔKPQ). Electrocardiographic telemetry showed inducing the deletion of Bmal1 in the cardiomyocytes of mice with or without the ΔKPQ-Scn5a mutation increased the QT-interval at RR-intervals that were ≥130 ms. Inducing the deletion of Bmal1 in the cardiomyocytes of mice with or without the ΔKPQ-Scn5a mutation also increased the day/night rhythm-adjusted mean in the RR-interval, but it did not change the period, phase or amplitude. Compared to mice without the ΔKPQ-Scn5a mutation, mice with the ΔKPQ-Scn5a mutation had reduced heart rate variability (HRV) during the peak of the day/night rhythm in the RR-interval. Inducing the deletion of Bmal1 in cardiomyocytes did not affect HRV in mice without the ΔKPQ-Scn5a mutation, but it did increase HRV in mice with the ΔKPQ-Scn5a mutation. The data demonstrate that deleting Bmal1 in cardiomyocytes exacerbates QT- and RR-interval prolongation in mice with the ΔKPQ-Scn5a mutation.