Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Verso una nuova tipologia delle migrazioni europee

This paper attempts to map out both some new migratory forms and processes in Europe, and the attendent conceptual and methodological challenges of how to approach their study. These new forms of migration derive from new motivations (above all the retreat from labour migrations linked to Fordist production systems), new space-time flexibilities and technologies, and the relatively new notion of migration as consumption and self-discovery. Thus, and in a variety of ways, migration processes in Europe (and globally) have certainly become more diverse in the past 20 years or so. This diversification of migration encourages both the reassertion of some basic tenets of migration study, and opens up the potential, indeed the necessity, of new methodological approaches. As well as new data-frames, new terms and metaphors are required to describe the new mobility types which challenges the binary fixity (origin and destination) and the semi-permanence of the common notion of migration. The paper shows how the traditional dichotomies of migration study have been bridged and broken up by new flexible and evolving mobility patterns. How to handle, for instance, cross-border shuttle migration (is it really migration? ), or how to categorise Albanian migration as being voluntary or involuntary, or how to unravel the space-time configuration of long-stay tourism, foreign second-home ownership, residence abroad and expatriacy? The paper shows also how legal versus illegal is a particularly blurred dichotomy of migrant reality: illegality seems to be constructed in an illogical (but perhaps also cynical) way by host societies which seem willing to exploit cheap migrant labour (and even be structurally dependant upon it - the case of Greece) yet at the same time to deny the legal and civic existence of migrants. These new, more diverse and flexible varieties of mobility and migration pose obvious challenges for migration policy, especially within the mind-set of Fortress Europe,
On the biology of the Turkish straits system

Le systeme des detroits turcs - Dardanelles, Bosphore et mer de Marmara - represente une zone de transition entre les bassins de la mer Mediterranee et de la mer Noire. Il constitue soit une barriere, soit un couloir ou encore une zone d'acclimatation pour les organismes vivants. Les particularites hydrologiques des detroits turcs limitent la distribution de certaines especes. Autrefois importants couloirs de migration entre la Mediterranee et la mer Noire pour les especes pelagiques, ils ne jouent plus ce role en raison de la destabilisation des ecosystemes pelagiques et benthiques. Par ailleurs, les detroits permettent l'acclimatation de certaines especes mediterraneennes penetrant en mer de Marmara et mer Noire telles que les crustaces decapodes, les anthozoaires et les eponges. Des especes exotiques, comme Rapana thomasiana, Mnemiopsis leidyi et Cunearca cornea, sont devenues residentes. De nombreux polluants, la sur-peche, les accidents de navires et un trafic maritime intense constituent des menaces majeures pesant sur la biodiversite des detroits turcs et, par la, sur la balance ecologique des mers adjacentes. En temoigne la disparition des populations autrefois residentes de Phocoena phocoena, Tursiops truncatus, Delphinus delphis et Monachus monachus.
Dynamics of Endothelial Cell Generation and Turnover in Arteries During Homeostasis and Diseases

BACKGROUND: Endothelial cell (EC) generation and turnover by self-proliferation contributes to vascular repair and regeneration. The ability to accurately measure the dynamics of EC generation would advance our understanding of cellular mechanisms of vascular homeostasis and diseases. However, it is currently challenging to evaluate the dynamics of EC generation in large vessels such as arteries because of their infrequent proliferation. METHODS: By using dual recombination systems based on Cre-loxP and Dre-rox, we developed a genetic system for temporally seamless recording of EC proliferation in vivo. We combined genetic recording of EC proliferation with single-cell RNA sequencing and gene knockout to uncover cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying EC generation in arteries during homeostasis and disease. RESULTS: Genetic proliferation tracing reveals that ≈3% of aortic ECs undergo proliferation per month in adult mice during homeostasis. The orientation of aortic EC division is generally parallel to blood flow in the aorta, which is regulated by the mechanosensing protein Piezo1. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis reveals 4 heterogeneous aortic EC subpopulations with distinct proliferative activity. EC cluster 1 exhibits transit-amplifying cell features with preferential proliferative capacity and enriched expression of stem cell markers such as Sca1 and Sox18. EC proliferation increases in hypertension but decreases in type 2 diabetes, coinciding with changes in the extent of EC cluster 1 proliferation. Combined gene knockout and proliferation tracing reveals that Hippo/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 signaling pathways regulate EC proliferation in large vessels. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic proliferation tracing quantitatively delineates the dynamics of EC generation and turnover, as well as EC division orientation, in large vessels during homeostasis and disease. An EC subpopulation in the aorta exhibits more robust cell proliferation during homeostasis and type 2 diabetes, identifying it as a potential therapeutic target for vascular repair and regeneration.
Development And Perspectives Of Landscape Ecology

development and perspectives of landscape ecology is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the development and perspectives of landscape ecology is universally compatible with any devices to read.
Illuminating the electrical conductivity of the lowermost mantle from below

knowledge about the time spectrum of the magnetic ﬁeld at the core surface. The low-frequency theory had been previously applied to observatory series on the assumption that geomagnetic jerks occurring in the core are rare and isolated events. Rather than following up these earlier studies, I note that the spectral density function for the second time derivative of the main magnetic ﬁeld coefﬁcients is approximately independent of ω in a frequency range for which the mantle has undoubtedly negligible inﬂuence. In the absence of any other information, this scaling law is extrapolated to higher frequencies.
Spatially-induced momentum transfer over water-worked gravel beds

The spatial variability in turbulent flows over water-worked gravel beds has been studied. Spatially distributed measurements of velocity were obtained using Particle Image Velocimetry for a range of hydraulic conditions over two water-worked gravel beds. A different approach to bed formation was achieved by feeding sediment into a flume to form deposits that result from the, arrangement of the grains by the flow, as would be observed in a river. It was shown that, even over macroscopically flat deposits, time-averaged streamwise velocities display considerable spatial variability. However, the level of variability was a magnitude lower for time-averaged vertical velocities. The degree of spatial variability in both streamwise and vertical velocities was shown to increase with relative submergence. Spatial flow variability was present in the logarithmic and outer regions of the flow, which contradicts previous thinking that spatial variability is only present in the near bed form-induced sublayer. The time-averaged flow velocities displayed a considerable degree of organisation over both beds, indicating the existence of spatially coherent time-averaged flow structures. Form-induced stresses caused by the spatial heterogeneity in the flow were estimated. These were found to be significant for flows over both beds, and did not disappear above the form-induced sub layer as previously thought. Measurements of Reynolds stress alone, whether spatially-averaged or not, cannot be used to determine the mean bed shear stress over water-worked gravel beds. Increases in relative submergence resulted in changes in the level of momentum carried by spatial deviations in the flow, and by inference, those carried by the turbulent fluctuations. This occurred even when the average rate of momentum transfer at the bed was the same. It was concluded that relative submergence could have a more important influence on the spatial variability of fluid stresses than the bed surface topography of water-worked gravel deposits.
Revisiting Randomness Extraction and Key Derivation Using the CBC and Cascade Modes

In this paper, we revisit a celebrated result by Dodis et al. from CRYPTO 2004, in relation with the suitability of CBC-MAC and cascade construction for randomness extraction. We first observe that the proof of three key sub-results are missing in the paper, which makes it difficult to verify the authors’ claims. Then, using a detailed and thorough analysis of the collision probability for both the CBC function and the cascade construction, we provide the missing proofs, thereby establishing the veracity of this old result. As a side-effect, we have made a significant advancement in the characterization of graph-based analysis of CBC and cascade construction, which could be of independent interest.
Validity and reliability of a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) assessing food groups consumption and nutrients intake in Costa Rican adolescents

Introduction: Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) have been widely used in several age groups, including adolescents, due to their greater advantages over other dietary measurement methods. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the validity and reliability of a FFQ designed for use on Costa Rican adolescents. Methodology: The validation and reproducibility studies were carried out in a sample of 107 adolescents of San José province selected through convenience sampling. For validation, a comparison of the nutrient intake and food consumption data obtained with the FFQ was made with those derived from the 3-day food record (3FR). Reliability was assessed by comparing nutrient intake and food consumption derived from the first FFQ with another FFQ performed four weeks after the first. Results: FFQ overestimates 3FR, with an average overestimation of 40.2% for foods and 38.8% for nutrients. The cross-classification was good for 24 of 26 nutrients and for 12 of the 21 food groups, and the weighted kappa showed an acceptable discriminant ability of the FFQ to categorize individuals into broad nutrient intake (except for protein and cholesterol) and food groups categories (dairy products, white rice, beans, vegetables, fruits and fruit juice, sugary drinks, breakfast cereal, candies and sweets, snacks, fast foods, fat, and ice cream). Conclusions: The FFQ designed for Costa Rican adolescents was unable to assess absolute dietary intakes; however, it is a reasonable tool to categorize adolescents into broad ranges of dietary intakes and could be used to evaluate dietary patterns in epidemiological studies of diet-disease associations.
Cumulative Diastolic Blood Pressure Burden in Normal Systolic Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease

BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of isolated diastolic hypertension defined by the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association blood pressure (BP) guidelines remains inconsistent. We examined whether long-term diastolic burden predicts the first major adverse cardiovascular event in participants with sustained and untreated normal systolic BP. METHODS: The Mass General Brigham Biobank is a New England health care–based cohort recruited between 2010 and 2021. A total of 15 979 participants aged 18 to 64 years and without prior cardiovascular disease, antihypertensives, or high systolic BP were studied. The cumulative diastolic burden was determined as the area under the curve for diastolic BP (DBP) ≥80 mm Hg over 5 years before enrollment. Major adverse cardiovascular event was defined as a composite of first incident ischemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, or all-cause death. RESULTS: Of the 15 979 participants, mean (SD) age at enrollment was 47.6 (14.3) years, 11 950 (74.8%) were women, and the mean (SD) systolic BP and DBP were 118.0 (12.9) and 72.2 (9.3) mm Hg, respectively. Over a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 3.5 (1.8–5.4) years, 2467 (15.4%) major adverse cardiovascular events occurred. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, each SD increase in cumulative DBP was independently associated with a hazard ratio (95% CI) of 1.06 (1.02–1.10) without effect modification by sex (P=0.65), age (P=0.46), or race/ethnicity (P=0.24). In addition to traditional risk factors, cumulative DBP modestly improved the discrimination C index (95% CI) from 0.74 (0.72–0.75) to 0.75 (0.74–0.76; likelihood ratio test, P=0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Among individuals with normal systolic BP, cumulative DBP may augment cardiovascular disease risk stratification beyond a single DBP measure and traditional risk factors.
Investigating Developmental Language Disorder among Young Kurdish Students and its Impact on Learning English as a Foreign Language

This study aims to understand the difficulties young Kurdish language learners face with developmental language disorder in bilingual settings and to evaluate their impact on English as a foreign language acquisition. Underscoring the significance of this research, the study’s primary objective is to determine the characteristics of developmental language disorder in this context and their implications for academic assimilation. The Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals assessment was selected to achieve this primary objective due to its suitability for assessing the British population’s linguistic characteristics and age group. Seven subtests were chosen to comprehensively evaluate various aspects of language proficiency, allowing for a thorough evaluation of the participants’ language skills. This research expands its significance. These initiatives include more extensive investigations, innovative participant recruitment methods, exploration of cultural influences, longitudinal studies to discover long-term effects, critical analysis of intervention strategies, examination of the complex relationship between emotional regulation and language development, investigation of genetic and environmental factors contributing to developmental language disorder, and evaluation of the far-reaching consequences. Upon analysis of the collected data, several significant findings shed light on the efficacy of individualised approaches in mitigating communication and academic difficulties in individuals with developmental language disorders.
Multiple Alignment and Primer Design for Groups of Barnacle Organisms and Amphibalanus amphitrite as Biofouling Markers

The impact caused by biota biofouling activities is the occurrence of corrosiveness and paralysis in installation buildings. To facilitate the installation and stability of biodiversity, researchers try to present environmental DNA (e-DNA) as environmental samples without killing and isolating an organism by utilizing environmental samples. This study aims to obtain a universal and specific primer of the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COX1) gene that can be used to identify biofouling barnacle groups designed in silico. The sequence used in this study was from Amphibalanus amphitrite mitochondria and Semibalanus balanoides with NCBI accession numbers NC_024525. 1|:1-1,551 and NC_039849|:1-1,551. The sequence of COX1 sequences obtained was saved in FASTA format for further use in the primer design process using Geneious Prime. The determination of sustainable areas was determined using Benchling and Geneious Prime in the stages of multiple alignment. Sequence with the best specific primer criteria for COX1 A. amphitrite obtained with a length of 20-22 bases and an amplicon size of 910 bp. The sequence of forward and reverse primer bases were 5'-GAGCTGAACTTGGTCAACCG-3' and 5'GCTCAAAGAAGAGGAGGGCTAT-3'. Sequence with best universal primer criteria of the barnacle group for COX1 were obtained with a length of 24 bases each and an amplicon size of 1,270 bp. The sequence of forward and reverse primer bases were 5'-GACTTCTACCGTTAATGTTAGGAG-3' and 5'- CTATGGTAATGAGGAGGAGTAGTG-3'. The design results meet the requirements of a good primer so that the primer candidate design results can be used for the PCR process.
Assessing computational tools for predicting protein stability changes upon missense mutations using a new dataset

Insight into how mutations affect protein stability is crucial for protein engineering, understanding genetic diseases, and exploring protein evolution. Numerous computational methods have been developed to predict the impact of amino acid substitutions on protein stability. Nevertheless, comparing these methods poses challenges due to variations in their training data. Moreover, it is observed that they tend to perform better at predicting destabilizing mutations than stabilizing ones. Here, we meticulously compiled a new dataset from three recently published databases: ThermoMutDB, FireProtDB, and ProThermDB. This dataset, which does not overlap with the well‐established S2648 dataset, consists of 4038 single‐point mutations, including over 1000 stabilizing mutations. We assessed these mutations using 27 computational methods, including the latest ones utilizing mega‐scale stability datasets and transfer learning. We excluded entries with overlap or similarity to training datasets to ensure fairness. Pearson correlation coefficients for the tested tools ranged from 0.20 to 0.53 on unseen data, and none of the methods could accurately predict stabilizing mutations, even those performing well in anti‐symmetric property analysis. While most methods present consistent trends for predicting destabilizing mutations across various properties such as solvent exposure and secondary conformation, stabilizing mutations do not exhibit a clear pattern. Our study also suggests that solely addressing training dataset bias may not significantly enhance accuracy of predicting stabilizing mutations. These findings emphasize the importance of developing precise predictive methods for stabilizing mutations.
Premenstrual Syndrome, Anxiety, and Depression Among Menstruating Rural Adolescent Girls: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction Menstrual periods in young females can add a new challenge to the already difficult adolescent transition period. Menstrual health concerns can have extreme physical and psychosocial impacts on adolescent girls. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are extremely common yet underestimated. Depression in adolescents is a mental and emotional disorder. The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of PMS, PMDD, anxiety, and depression among rural menstruating adolescent girls and the factors associated with it. Methods This was a community-based cross-sectional study carried out among 20 rural schools for the period of one year. Sample size was calculated based on previous research. Adolescent females who had menstruated for one year were included and those with primary amenorrhea and previously diagnosed mental health abnormalities were excluded. Becks' Depression Inventory, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST-A) were used. Data were collected by interview technique and entered in an Excel sheet (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, United States), and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0 (Released 2013; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results Out of 430 rural adolescent girls, 180 (41.9%) were 15 years, 277 (64.4%) belonged to nuclear families, 236 (54.9%) exercised less than 30 minutes, 144 (33.5%) had menarche at the age of 13 years, 288 (67%) had regular cycles, 266 (61.9%) had moderate flow during the menstrual cycle, 302 (70.2%) had a flow duration of less than seven days, and 243 (56.5%) had dysmenorrhea. Thirty-eight (8.8%) girls had PMDD and 75 (17.4%) had PMS. Age, family status, severity of menstrual flow, duration of cycle, and presence of dysmenorrhea, depression, and anxiety had a statistically significant association with PMDD. The class/grade in which studying, cycle regularity, flow during the menstrual cycle, duration of the cycle, dysmenorrhea, anxiety, and depression status had a statistically significant association with PMS. Conclusions The menstrual cycle's impact on the mental health of rural adolescent girls should not be ignored and schools can be instrumental in improving their quality of life. Regular counselling and mental health supervision by school teachers and peer groups can be beneficial.
SYSTEMATIC STATUS OF AFRICAN POPULATIONS OF LONG-EARED BATS, GENUS PLECOTUS (MAMMALIA: CHIROPTERA)

Long-eared bats of the genus Plecotus are widespread over most of temperate Eurasia, marginally reaching the African continent and Macaronesia. Previously, all African populations were assigned to one species, P. auritus, and later to P. austriacus. We analysed museum specimens of African long-eared bat populations using both morphologic and genetic techniques. Based on morphological evidence we recognise four well-defined allopatric populations in northern Africa. They differ in fur coloration, skull morphology and bacular traits. The molecular data support a division of the African populations into at least three well-separated evolutionary lineages. With a combination of these data we define three species of Plecotus occurring in Africa (incl. the Canary Islands) and describe a new subspecies. Small, very pale greyish-brown Egyptian long-eared bats (P. christii Gray, 1838) inhabit desert and semi-deserts habitats of eastern Sahara (Libyan Desert, Nile Valley of Egypt and northern Sudan). Smaller to medium-sized, dark brown Ethiopian long-eared bats (P. balensis Kruskop et Lavrenchenko, 2000) inhabit the Ethiopian Highlands above 2000 metres a. s. l. This form represents the only Afro-tropical species of Plecotus. Large, dark greyish Canarian long-eared bats (P. teneriffae teneriffae Barret-Hamilton, 1907) occur on the three western islands of the Canarian Archipelago. A medium-sized greyish-brown Gaisler’s long-eared bat, P. teneriffae gaisleri subsp. n. , is described from the Mediterranean region of Cyrenaica, north-eastern Libya. Due to the lack of substantial morphological differences we preliminarily consider the Maghrebian population of long-eared bats to be consubspecific with P. teneriffae gaisleri subsp. n. The systematic position of the population of Cape Verde Islands remains uncertain.