Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Kala-Azar in Dumka District of Jharkhand, India

Kala-azar is a vector-borne disease and a serious public health problem in India. Highly affected states in India are Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh. In 2010, 14.87% cases were contributed from Jharkhand. The study was done to know the trend of disease in five year duration (2016-2020) in Dumka District, Jharkhand. Method – This was a cross-sectional study. It was executed in 10 Blocks of District Dumka Jharkhand. Convenience sampling technique was used in this study. Data analysis was done from the line-list of District Vector Borne Disease Control Office, Dumka. Result the 5 year period there was annual reduction in the trend of visceral leishmaniasis.
Topological phase transitions and holonomies in the dimer model

We demonstrate that the classical dimer model deﬁned on a toroidal hexagonal lattice acquires holonomy phases in the thermodynamic limit. When all activities are equal the lattice sizes must be considered mod 6 in which case the ﬁnite size corrections to the bulk partition function correspond to a massless Dirac Fermion in the presence of a ﬂat connection with nontrivial holonomy. For general bond activities we ﬁnd that the phase transition in this model is a topological one, where the torus degenerates and its modular parameter becomes real at the critical temperature. We argue that these features are generic to bipartite dimer models and we present a more general lattice whose continuum partition function is that of a massive Dirac Fermion.
TLR7 Agonist Immune Responses by a Novel Antedrug Mechanism of Action of Inhibition of Allergic

Triggering innate immune responses through TLRs is expected to be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of allergic diseases. TLR agonists are able to modulate Th2 immune responses through undeﬁned mechanisms. We investigated the mechanism of action of the suppression of Th2 immune responses with a novel antedrug TLR7 agonist. The antedrug is rapidly metabolized by plasma esterases to an acid with reduced activity to limit systemic responses. Topical administration of this compound inhibited features of the allergic airway inﬂammatory response in rat and murine allergic airways model. Type I IFN played a role in the suppression of Th2 cytokines produced from murine splenocytes. Inhibition of Th2 immune responses with the antedrug TLR7 agonist was shown to be via a type I IFN–dependent mechanism following short-term exposure to the compound, although there might be type I IFN–independent mechanisms following long-term exposure. We have demonstrated that local type I IFN signaling and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, but not Th1 immune responses, are required for in vivo efﬁcacy against murine airway Th2-driven eosinophilia. Furthermore, migration of dendritic cell subsets into the lung was related to efﬁcacy and is dependent on type I IFN signaling. Thus, the mechanism of action at the cytokine and cellular level involved in the suppression of Th2 allergic responses has been characterized, providing a potential new approach to the treatment of allergic disease. The Journal of Immunology , 2012, 189: 000–000. we our investigations into the mechanism of action of an in a We show that type I IFN has a role in the suppression of Th2 cytokine production in vitro. Inhibition of Th2 immune responses with a TLR7 agonist is via a type I IFN– dependent mechanism following short-term exposure to the compound. Subsequently, we provide evidence that type I IFN signaling is required for the efﬁcacy observed with an antedrug TLR7 agonist in vivo (i.e., short-term exposure) using type I IFN receptor– deﬁcient mice. Furthermore, inhibition of Th2 immune responses in vivo requires the presence of T cells. These ﬁndings help to characterize the mechanisms driving the efﬁcacy of a potential new class of compounds for the of
LIFE STYLE CHARACTERISTICS: RISK FACTOR FOR BREAST CANCER

The purpose of this study was to identify various life style risk factors of breast cancer in Pakistani females. This was an observational case control study. The breast cancer cases (n= 811) were from KIRAN hospital, Karachi and the control group (n= 1154) was population based, also from Karachi city. A researcher administered questionnaire was used with face to face interviews with the study subjects, from April 2011 to April 2012. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Mean age of the control group was 45.85±9.97 years and that of the breast cancer cases was 47.02± 11.79 years. More than 90% females were housewives (p=0.002) among which more than 50% had interfamily marriage (p<0.001). Only 30% controls and about 60% cases consumed milk regularly (p<0.001) with majority consuming fresh milk (p<0.001). The family history of breast cancer was found in 15.65% cases only (p<0.001). From binary logistic analysis it was seen that odds were higher for developing breast carcinoma regarding interfamily marriage (p<0.001), housewives (p=0.003) and regular milk consumption (p<0.001). The odds were much higher for illiterate subjects (p<0.001) and in those having concomitant hypertension and diabetes mellitus (p<0.001). Bivariate adjusted models in logistic regression analysis also revealed higher odds regarding these factors for the attainment of breast carcinoma; multivariate logistic regression analysis further supported that specifically interfamily marriage and regular milk consumption had much higher odds for the development of breast cancer. The results have revealed various life style factors that are potential risk for the development of breast carcinoma in the Pakistani females and these risk factors may vary worldwide due to environmental and cultural disparities; hence very important in detecting specific population at risk of breast cancer.
Potential of space zoning for energy efficiency through utilization efficiency

ABSTRACT Energy efficiency improvements for buildings are required globally to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Energy efficiency is typically calculated in relation to building size (kWh/m2a), which ignores utilization. A utilization perspective entails a paradox in terms of energy efficiency: When utilization increases, so does energy consumption, encouraging minimizing the use of buildings. This paper advocates the use of a utilization efficiency indicator to reveal the impact of building use on energy efficiency. As a concrete design strategy, this paper explores the energy efficiency impact of space zoning, in this context meaning grouping rooms with similar utilization to optimize building systems. To this end, multiple whole building simulations on different utilization variants have been conducted. The results show that such design can improve concrete energy efficiency through more efficient utilization. Simultaneously, the importance of proper space zoning and utilization is highlighted, as otherwise simply increasing usage can also have a negative energy efficiency impact. This study raised the need for systematic utilization design to be included throughout the design process.
Analyzing User Generated Content on Instagram: the Case of Travel Agencies

—Social networks can become an essential part of a brand’s communication strategy; they not only assist in reaching potential customers, but also help develop an online community, where users generate content about the service themselves: User Generated Content (UGC). It is known that the actual user experience, as well as feedback on social media, can have a higher impact on customer acquisition than direct commercial offers. Social media usage is on the increase in the travel industry. Instagram - the photography-centred social network - has a high number of users generating content, and this appears to be advantageous for travel agencies. The goal of this article is to understand the use and the strategy of Instagram UGC concerning travel agencies, and to analyse the impact of UGC on the community engagement. The results are based on Instagram data collected for three online travel agencies: Very Chic, Voyage Priv´e and Airbnb.
IMPROVEMENT OF NOUBARIA CANAL WATER THROUGH BIOLOGICAL AERATED FILTRATION SYSTEM

: Noubaria canal water was improved through a new constructed biofilm treatment system to reduce chemical addition. This system included sedimentation tanks and biological aerated filter (BAF) under full aeration condition. In the present investigation, gravel (2 – 5 mm) was selected as a filtering material for removal of pollutant due to it is local and stable materials and has biofilm formation possibility. This study aimed to evaluate the role of influent quality, operation modes and retention times on the removal efficiency of different pollutants as result of BAF treatment system on canal water during 2 years of operation. After biofilm formation, (60 days), the different algal species with gravel filter medium were reduced by 84%, 91% and 93% under flow rates 0.05, 0.025, and 0.017 L/sec, respectively. Also, results showed that, biological aerated filter system and flow rate of 0.05 L/sec could successfully improve water quality as indicated by reduction in concentrations of turbidity, suspended solids, COD, and BOD 5 . The combination of three treatment stages was almost totally responsible for the overall observed reduction. The effluent water can be safely used in domestic and industrial activities.
AN ENERGY EFFICIENT DATA AGGREGATION FOR UNEQUAL CLUSTER WITH DOUBLE C-H BY POLYNOMIAL REGRESSION IN 3-D WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

Sensor nodes observing events, occurring in close proximity, gather data that are highly co-related. This work uses work uses a double cluster head and a polynomial regression technique to exploit the spatialcorrelation of the data in a three dimensional sensor network. The sensing nodes, sense the physical attribute and report theirposition coordinates (x, y, z) and the sensed value to the nearest tree node. Another set of nodes, categorized as thetree nodes, are responsible for generating a polynomial function of the received dataand transmit the coefficients of regression to the parent tree node. The approach proceeds from the bottom to the top. The query from the sink, receives a polynomial function which is generated by the root node of the tree in each cluster tocompute the attribute value at any location within the boundary. The proposed approach aims to save a lotof energy in the sensor network. Simulations, performed for differenttree heights, indicate that a tree with a depth of four gives the best results.
Review of Lavender Aromatherapy: Past, Present, and Future

Lavender aromatherapy, once only considered a holistic or alternative treatment, has traditionally been used to combat anxiety and improve feelings of wellness. Despite its long history, it has not yet been readily adopted by the medical community. The emergence of new data suggests that lavender oil may in fact have a significant impact on patient well-being, primarily through anxiolysis. These studies suggest that lavender aromatherapy does have utility in a controlled clinical setting and may be used to promote patient wellness and improve patient outcomes in the hospital. Specifically, reducing anxiety in the preoperative period is a focus of this review and we look at current studies as well as indications for future research. Awareness and knowledge of the benefits of aromatherapy should allow effective utilization in clinical care in order to improve patient satisfaction. This paper will serve as a review of the current literature on lavender aromatherapy as well as an overview of important research to come.
A Study on Optimizing Pin Accessibility of Standard Cells in the Post-3 nm Node

Nanosheet FETs (NSFETs) are expected to be the post-FinFET device in the technology nodes of 5 nm and beyond. However, despite the high potential of NSFETs, few studies report the impact of NSFETs in the digital VLSI’s perspective. In this paper, we present a study of NSFETs for the optimal standard cell (SDC) library design and pin accessibility-aware layout for less routing congestion and low power consumption. For this objective, we present five novel methodologies to tackle the pin accessibility issues that rise in SDC designs in extremely-low routing resource environments (4 tracks) and emphasize the importance of local trench contact (LTC) in it. Using our methodology, we improve design metrics such as power consumption, total area, and wirelength by -11.0%, -13.2%, and 16.0%, respectively. By our study, we expect the routing congestion issues that additionally occur in advanced technology nodes to be handled and better full-chip designs to be done in 3 nm and beyond.
Shape Optimisation of Fluid-Structure Interactive Field Considering Geometrically Nonlinear Structure

This paper presents a numerical solution to a shape optimisation of stationary fluid-structure-interactive (FSI) fields. The minimisation problem for total dissipation energy in the viscous flow field and the mean compliance minimisation problem in order to achieve stiffness maximisation in the structural field are considered for the shape optimisation. In the FSI analysis, a weak coupled analysis is used to alternately analyse the governing equations of the flow field and the structural field considering geometrically nonlinear. Shape derivative function of the shape optimisation problem is derived theoretically using the adjoint variable method and the formulae of the shape derivative with respect to domain variation of the distribution function. Reshaping is carried out by the gradient method proposed as an approach to solving shape optimisation. Numerical analysis program for the shape optimisation problem is developed by using FreeFEM, and the validity of the proposed method is confirmed by the results of 2D problems.
b Inhibition of Rejection of H2 Ly49I NK Cell Receptor Transgene

The Ly49 family of genes encode NK cell receptors that bind class I MHC Ags and transmit negative signals if the cytoplasmic domains have immunoregulatory tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). 5E6 mAbs recognize Ly49C and Ly49I receptors and depletion of 5E6 1 NK cells prevents rejection of allogeneic or parental-strain H2 d bone marrow cell (BMC) grafts. To determine the function of the Ly49I gene in the rejection of BMC grafts, we transfected fertilized eggs of FVB mice with a vector containing DNA for B6 strain Ly49I (Ly49I B6 ). Ly49I B6 is ITIM 1 and is recognized by 5E6 as well as Ly49I-speciﬁc 8H7 mAbs. Normal FVB H2 q mice reject H2 b but not H2 d BMC allografts, and the rejection of H2 b BMC was inhibited partially by anti-NK1.1 and completely by anti-asialo GM1, but not by anti-CD8, Abs. In FVB mice, NK1.1 is expressed on only 60% NK cells. FVB.Ly49I B6 hosts failed to reject H2 d or H2 b BMC, but did reject class I-deﬁcient TAP-1 2 / 2 BMC, indicating that NK cells were functional. Nondepleting doses of anti-Ly49I Abs reversed the acceptance of H2 b BMC by FVB.Ly49I B6 mice. FVB.Ly49I B6 1 / 2 mice were crossed and back-crossed with 129 mice—H2 b , 5E6 2 , poor responders to H2 d BMC grafts. While transgene-negative H2 b/q F 1 or
SOFT CLUSTERING ALGORITHM BASED ON SEPARATING HYPERSURFACES

— A new “soft” clustering algorithm is proposed based on the use of artificial neural networks as models of hypersurfaces that separate clusters. The algorithm allows to solve the problem of soft clusterization as a problem of smooth nonlinear function optimization and, therefore, to apply the entire mathematical apparatus of nonlinear optimization, which has evolved significantly in recent years
System-Level Evaluation of Next-Generation Radio Communication System for Train Operation Services

GSM-R, the radio communication system based on GSM and enhanced to support services required for train operation has been adopted in most of the European countries on main lines. In order to fulfill railway operators' requirements evolving toward a larger use of the radio communication system with new applications, like closed-circuit television, and to overcome the upcoming GSM obsolescence, the design of the next radio communication system for train-to-ground communications has started in Europe. In this context, the X2Rail-1 project evaluates the system throughput of the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile cellular system in a railway environment for both train-to-ground and ground-to-train links. Realistic system-level evaluation results taking into account typical railway deployment scenarios, including train density and speed, wayside base station deployment, propagation model, inter-cell interference and its mitigation are presented in this paper.
OPTH_A_261259 2051..2056

Thanatporn Threetong 1,2 Anuchit Poonyathalang 1 Pisit Preechawat Panitha Jindahra Tanyatuth Padungkiatsagul 1 Kavin Vanikieti 1Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand; 3Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Purpose: To evaluate the initial treatment response to low doses of prednisolone, compared with moderate doses, in ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG). Patients and Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients with adult-onset (age ≥15 years old) OMG, who were treated with prednisolone, was conducted. Subjects were divided into two groups according to their prednisolone dosing regimen. The low-dose group was defined as those with an average 12-week cumulative dose of prednisolone <0.435 mg/ kg/day and the moderate-dose group averaged 0.435–1.000 mg/kg/day. The primary outcome of interest was the comparison of clinical response to prednisolone at 12 weeks between the low-dose and moderate-dose groups. The secondary outcome was the difference in adverse events between treatment groups. Results: Of 34 subjects, 16 subjects (47.1%) were male. The mean age at onset was 44.0 ±18.1 years. The most common presenting ocular feature was ptosis with ophthalmoplegia (22 subjects, 64.7%), followed by isolated ptosis (nine subjects, 26.5%) and isolated ophthalmoplegia (three subjects, 8.8%). Half of the subjects were treated with low-dose prednisolone and the other half were treated with moderate-dose prednisolone. There were no substantial differences in baseline characteristics between treatment groups. After 12 weeks of treatment, nine of 17 subjects (52.9%) and 13 of 17 subjects (76.5%) in the lowand moderate-dose groups, respectively, were regarded as responsive to the prednisolone treatment (P=0.28). Adverse events were exclusively observed in the moderate-dose group. Conclusion: Treatment of OMG with an average 12-week cumulative dose of prednisolone <0.435 mg/kg/day (low dose) shows a comparable responsive outcome to 0.435–1.000 mg/ kg/day of prednisolone (moderate dose). Treating OMG with low-dose prednisolone can minimize prednisolone-related adverse events. However, a prospective randomized controlled trial with a larger study population is warranted in order to gain more insight into the proper dosage of prednisolone for OMG.
Deep seismic reflection/refraction interpretation of crustal structure along BABEL profiles A and B in the southern Baltic Sea

In 1989 the BABEL Working Group collected 2268 km of near-vertical reflection data in the Baltic and Bothnian Seas. As an integrated part of the field survey, the marine airgun shots were recorded by 64 multicomponent land stations. In this paper results are presented from interpretation of profiles B and A in the Baltic Sea, extending from the &and Archipelago (Finland) into the Bay of Liibeck (Ger-many). In the shield part of the profiles northeast of the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone, crustal reflectivity is observed at all levels and its termination in depth coincides largely with the crust-mantle boundary. The wide-angle data indicate a three-layer crust with velocities of 6.1-6.4, circa 6.6, and 6.9-7.2 km s-'. The Moho is found between 40-48 km depth, corresponding to 12-15 s TWT. In the northeastern part of profile A and the southern part of profile B, steeply northeast-dipping reflections are found at all crustal levels. The tectonic inversion of the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone is clearly imaged above a thickened, high-velocity lowermost crust (7.1-7.4 km s-'). At depth the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone widens and displays some asymmetry that is believed to be indicative of crustal shortening across the zone. An undulating Moho is observed along profile A where the lateral variability in structure and velocity field primarily is in the lower crust. Beneath the Skurup Basin south of the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone, no intracrustal discontinuities are seen in the wide-angle data and a highly reflecting lowermost crust between 8 and 10 s TWT corresponds to a zone between 25 and 31 km depth with high velocity gradient (6.7-7.1 kms-'). A bright upper mantle reflection at 12s TWT below the Skurup
Determining Testbed Requirements for Technology Enhanced Speech Rehabilitation after Stroke - the Informed Co-workers’ View Point

—This paper analyses and discusses the identified requirements for technology enhanced systems for speech rehabilitation after a stroke. To stroke patients, a speech injury can be devastating, impacting their abilities to speak, listen, read, and write. Therefore, speech therapy is recommended as early as possible. To address the challenge with a growing percentage of older adults, therapy should include a variety of Technology Enhanced Systems (TES) to support the idea of independent living. These systems must be adapted to the patients’ needs and speech therapy requirements. Based on a design science approach, requirements were determined from an analysis of ten semi-structured interviews with knowledgeable informants. Findings indicate several important requirements, such as: TES should be motivating, joyful, individualised and built on patients’ needs and on speech therapists’ professional knowledge. Furthermore, TES services must be user-friendly and provide training in each patient’s mother tongue. Added to these requirements are ease of including close relatives as supporting persons, as well as accessibility through portable devices.
Augmenting Mathematics Courses by Problem-Based Learning

—We describe a project that aims to motivate undergraduate engineering students to participate more in mathematics courses. Our approach shares characteristics of active, project-based and problem-based learning. We have developed interactive projects that deal with the mathematics behind real-world applications. In this paper, we describe one example project in detail, and discuss our guiding principles in designing projects. The projects are open in the sense that there are many possible solutions, and several possible follow-up questions. We use a MATLAB environ-ment, which helps intuitive understanding of mathematical notions, lowers the barrier to programming, and provides many interfaces. Our activities are bundled in an education lab, which we also briefly describe. We conclude with an assessment of the impact of the supplementary courses.