Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conservation of the Irrawaddy dolphin, Orcaella brevirostris (Owen in Gray, 1866) in the Mekong River: biological and social considerations influencing management

The goal of my study was to contribute to the effective conservation of the Irrawaddy dolphin population that inhabits the lower Mekong River. To achieve my goal, I developed objectives based on a conceptual framework of conservation principles and strategies that guide management of endangered species. The results of my study provide significant new information relevant to the taxonomic status of Orcaella and ecology and conservation of the Irrawaddy dolphin population inhabiting the Mekong River, with broader application to other freshwater dolphin populations. Previously, the genus Orcaella was considered to consist of only one species, the Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris). However, two colleagues and I discovered that what were previously considered Irrawaddy dolphins occurring in Australian/Papua New Guinean waters are instead a separate species, which we named the Australian snubfin dolphin (Orcaella heinsohni). Freshwater Irrawaddy dolphin populations and their habitats are highly susceptible to anthropogenic threats. As a result of small population sizes, strict habitat preferences, apparent high site fidelity, slow maturation rate, long calving intervals and most importantly, their close proximity to human activities in freshwater ecosystems, Irrawaddy dolphins are highly susceptible to anthropogenic impacts. Most freshwater populations of Irrawaddy dolphins are small and declining; nevertheless, there has been a notable lack of on-the-ground conservation measures to conserve these populations. Flora and fauna along the river, as well as local subsistence communities, are facing threats similar to those faced by freshwater Irrawaddy dolphins. Irrawaddy dolphins should therefore be considered an effective flagship species for freshwater biodiversity conservation. My study area encompassed the lower Mekong River of southern Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam and focused on the population of freshwater Irrawaddy dolphins that inhabit this river system. The natural environment of the lower Mekong River had previously been shielded from major development by war and political upheaval. However, all the lower Mekong countries are now developing quickly, and are experiencing significant human population growth. Based on conservation lessons learned from other countries, community involvement in habitat and species conservation is imperative for conservation efforts to be successful. Preservation of habitat is essential, not only to the conservation of endangered species, but also to the survival of subsistence rural human communities, and other flora and fauna that rely on the river ecosystem. I conducted 497 interviews with local villagers throughout the lower Mekong River to investigate local perceptions and knowledge relevant to dolphin conservation. Information from these interviews suggests a major decline in dolphin occurrence and abundance throughout most of the river. Reports affirm that dolphins previously occurred regularly south of Kratie Township to the…
Multi-Sensor Fusion Boolean Bayesian Filtering for Stochastic Boolean Networks

Stochastic Boolean networks (SBNs) take process noise into account, so it is better to fit the actual situation and has a wider application background than Boolean networks (BNs). However, the presence of noise influences us to estimate the real state of the system. To minimize the inaccuracies caused by the presence of noise, an optimal state estimation problem is studied in this article. The multi-sensor fusion Boolean Bayesian filtering is proposed and a recursive algorithm is provided to calculate the prior and posterior belief of system state by fusing multi-sensor measurements based on the algebraic form of the SBN and Bayesian law. Then, the optimal state estimator is obtained, which minimizes the mean-square estimation error. Finally, a simulation example is carried out to demonstrate the performance of the proposed methodology. It has been shown through the simulation experiment that it increases the confidence level of the state estimation and improves the estimation performance using multi-sensor fusion compared with using single sensor.
An assessment of recovery targets, endpoints and timelines associated with the proposed restoration of Loch Fitty (Fife).

It is proposed that Loch Fitty will be drained and temporarily removed for a period of approximately 7.5 years, while the underlying coal is removed. Comprehensive planning and development documents have been prepared by the Scottish Coal Company Limited (SCCL) and its development team in relation to this proposal. A clear statement of intent in relation to recovery periods and end point water quality targets is now required. This report summarises the Water Framework Directive (WFD) targets to be met for the re-instated Loch Fitty to attain Good Ecological Status and makes recommendations on a recolonisation strategy designed to achieve this. Additional mitigation/monitoring measures that may be required to attain and sustain good status, and a likely timescale for recovery, are also discussed.
The monologue of the double: allocentric reduplication of the own voice alters bodily self perception

During autoscopic phenomena, people perceive a double of themselves in extrapersonal space. Such clinical allocentric self-experiences often co-occur with auditory hallucinations, yet experimental setups to induce similar illusions in healthy participants have been limited to visual doubles. We investigated whether feeling the presence of an auditory double could be provoked in healthy participants and how it might affect spatial aspects of bodily self-consciousness. We recorded the own versus another person’s voice while walking around in the room using binaural headphones from an egocentric and an allocentric perspective. In comparison to listening to their own moving voice egocentrically, when listening to themselves allocentrically, participants reported a strong feeling of a presence with a similarly high degree of self-identification, suggesting a successful induction of the feeling of an acoustic doppelganger. When pointing to the source of the own voice participants localized it closer to themselves than when listening to another person’s voice, suggesting a change in spatial perception. Interestingly, the opposite pattern was found in participants that had previous hallucinatory experiences. These findings show that listening to one’s own voice allocentrically can manipulate bodily self-consciousness and self-related spatial perception. This paradigm enables the experimental study of the relationship between auditory vocal hallucinations and bodily self-consciousness, bridging important clinical phenomena and experimental knowledge.
Drosophila p53 isoforms have overlapping and distinct functions in germline genome integrity and oocyte quality control

p53 gene family members in humans and other organisms encode a large number of protein isoforms whose functions are largely undefined. Using Drosophila as a model, we find that a p53B isoform is expressed predominantly in the germline where it colocalizes with p53A into subnuclear bodies. It is only p53A, however, that mediates the apoptotic response to ionizing radiation in the germline and soma. In contrast, p53A and p53B are both required for the normal repair of meiotic DNA breaks, an activity that is more crucial when meiotic recombination is defective. We find that in oocytes with persistent DNA breaks p53A is also required to activate a meiotic pachytene checkpoint. Our findings indicate that Drosophila p53 isoforms have DNA lesion and cell type-specific functions, with parallels to the functions of mammalian p53 family members in the genotoxic stress response and oocyte quality control.
A Randomized Comparison of Coronary-Stent Placement and Balloon Angioplasty in the Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease

Background Coronary-stent placement is a new technique in which a balloon-expandable, stainless-steel, slotted tube is implanted at the site of a coronary stenosis. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of stent placement and standard balloon angioplasty on angiographically detected restenosis and clinical outcomes. Methods We randomly assigned 410 patients with symptomatic coronary disease to elective placement of a Palmaz-Schatz stent or to standard balloon angioplasty. Coronary angiography was performed at base line, immediately after the procedure, and six months later. Results The patients who underwent stenting had a higher rate of procedural success than those who underwent standard balloon angioplasty (96.1 percent vs. 89.6 percent, P = 0.011), a larger immediate increase in the diameter of the lumen (1.72 ±0.46 vs. 1.23 ±0.48 mm, P<0.001), and a larger luminal diameter immediately after the procedure (2.49 ±0.43 vs. 1.99 ±0.47 mm, P<0.001). At six months, the patients with stented .
The economic and social benefits of childhood vaccinations in BRICS.

PerspectivesThe international community has suc-cessfully promoted childhood vaccina-tion as an essential public health inter-vention. This has been accomplished through efforts such as the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Expanded Pro-gramme on Immunization and more recently, the establishment of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI Alliance), a global health part-nership committed to ensuring access to low-cost immunization in developing countries. While such global efforts have resulted in large increases in vaccine coverage worldwide, there is still a large population that remains uncovered. Inadequate immunization coverage is apparent among middle-income coun-tries. As middle-income countries do not receive support from the GAVI Al-liance, lack of funds may account for low coverage, and vaccine delivery in these settings may suffer from inefficiencies that have been resolved in high-income countries.
Relationship between Regional White Matter Hyperintensities and Alpha Oscillations inb Older Adults

Please cite this article as: Deniz Kumral Conceptualization , Elena Cesnaite Conceptualization , Frauke Beyer Methodology , Simon M. Hofmann Methodology , Tilman Hensch Investigation , Christian Sander Investigation , Ulrich Hegerl Investigation , Stefan Haufe Methodology , Arno Villringer Conceptualization , A. Veronica Witte , Vadim Nikulin Conceptualization , Relationship between Regional White Matter Hyperintensities and Alpha Oscillations inb Older Adults, Neurobiology of Aging (2021), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging. 2021.10. 006
Radiojód kontrasztanyagok által okozott vesekárosodás és megelőzése az újabb irodalmi adatok tükrében Változtassunk a gyakorlaton!

intraarterial contrast is less than 45 ml/min/1.73 m 2 . In patients with proteinuria, the risk of both CI-AKI and CA-AKI (contrast-associated kidney injury) is increased, therefore urinary albumin/creatinine or protein/creatinine ratios are recommended to measure before the contrast material administration, beside the eGFR determination. Unstable condition, acute renal failure always mean high risk; in these cases, eGFR calculation is imprecise and use-less. If renal function is decreased, the amount of contrast material needs consideration, repeated contrast-enhanced studies should be avoided in 48–72 hours, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and other nephrotoxic drugs have to be discontinued. For high risk patients, preventive intravenous hydration should be given, either by physio-logic saline or sodium bicarbonate infusion. Other drugs aiming prevention have proved to be useless; dialysis treat-ment immediately after contrast administration in end-stage renal disease patients is unnecessary. There is no indica-tion to discontinue metformin if eGFR is higher than 60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 , but if the patient has less than that value, the metformin needs to be stopped. In urgent studies with contrast agent, metformin administration has to be dis-continued simultaneously with the intervention, and this drug can only be readministered after ruling out acute kidney injury in 48 hours following contrast exposure.
Farming the Sea

During the last decades aquaculture has been one of the world's fastest growing food production technologies. This is primarily due to increased control over the production process that has enabled innovations, productivity growth, and reduced production costs. Compared to agriculture, production technology, research, and development in aquaculture are still not very sophisticated, and control over the production process is still limited. This implies that there still is potential for further innovations and productivity growth in aquaculture. Although one must face similar environmental challenges as agriculture, there is no doubt that intensive aquaculture can be sustainable. Moreover, increased food production from the sea can reduce pressure on marginal terrestrial land and deforestation. As the productivity potential in aquaculture is exploited, aquaculture production is set to continue its increase, and humanity will, to an increasing extent, also farm the sea.
Earth surface temperature changes above latitude 45 degrees north from 1973 to 2008

In this study, we examined monthly temperature variation from 1973 to 2008 on grid regions of the earth surface above latitude 45°North, covering the Arctic Ocean, northern areas of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and the Asian and European continent. Linear modelling was used to investigate the trends and patterns of temperature changes and account for auto-correlations of the temperature changes over time. Factor analysis was then used to model filtered residuals, i.e., the residuals after removing time trends and auto-correlation, providing a basis for identifying and classifying regions with similar temperature change. Twelve large regions, each having similar temperature change patterns, were identified. Of the 69 sub-regions considered in the study, 64 sub-regions experienced significant increase in temperature, 2 sub- regions had insufficient data, and only 3 sub-regions remained unchanged. High temperature increases (0.200°C to 0.320°C) occurred in the North Pacific Ocean, Alaska and Eastern Siberia. Moderate temperature increases (0.130°C to 0.199°C) occurred in north Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Finland. The north of Siberia and part of the North Atlantic had low increases (0.090°C to 0.129°C) while northeast Canada and its surrounding seas did not show evidence of warming.
An Haloscope Ampliﬁcation Chain based on a Travelling Wave Parametric Ampliﬁer

In this paper we will describe the characterisation of a rf ampliﬁcation chain based on a travelling wave parametric ampliﬁer (TWPA). The detection chain is meant to be used for dark matter axion searches and thus it is mounted coupled to a high Q microwave resonant cavity. A system noise temperature T sys = (3 . 3 ± 0 . 1) K has been measured at a frequency of 10.77 GHz, using a novel scheme allowing measurement of T sys exactly at the cavity output port.
Vertical seismic profiling migration using the Kirchhoff integral

Wave‐equation migration can form an accurate image of the subsurface from suitable VSP data. The image’s extent and resolution are determined by the receiver array dimensions and the source location(s). Experiments with synthetic and real data show that the region of reliable image extent is defined by the specular “zone of illumination. ” Migration is achieved through wave‐field extrapolation, subject to an imaging procedure. Wave‐field extrapolation is based upon the scalar wave equation and, for VSP data, is conveniently handled by the Kirchhoff integral. The migration of VSP data calls for imaging very close to the borehole, as well as imaging in the far field. This dual requirement is met by retaining the near‐field term of the integral. The complete integral solution is readily controlled by various weighting devices and processing strategies, whose worth is demonstrated on real and synthetic data.
Seismic modeling by demigration

Kirchhoff-type, isochron-stack demigration is the natural asymptotic inverse to classical Kirchhoff or diffraction-stack migration. Both stacking operations can be performed in true amplitude by an appropriate selection of weight functions. Isochron-stack demigration is closely related to seismic modeling with the Kirchhoff integral. The principal objective of this paper is to show how demigration can be used to compute synthetic seismograms. The idea is to attach to each reflector in the model an appropriately stretched (i.e., frequency-shifted) spatial wavelet. Its amplitude is proportional to the reflection coefficient, transforming the original reflector model into an artificially constructed true-amplitude, depth-migrated section. The seismic modeling is then realized by a true-amplitude demigration operation applied to this artificially constructed migrated section. A simple but typical synthetic data example indicates that modeling by demigration yields results superior to conventional zero-order ray theory or classical Kirchhoff modeling.
Care and Service at Home for Persons With Dementia in Europe.

PURPOSE To describe available and utilized formal care and service at home for persons with dementia, from diagnosis to end-of-life stage, in eight European countries. DESIGN A descriptive cross-country design concerning eight European countries as a part of the European research project RightTimePlaceCare. METHODS The research team in each country used a mapping system to collect country-specific information concerning dementia care and service system. The mapping system consists of 50 types of care and service activities. Sixteen of the 50 predefined activities concerning care and service at home were selected for this study and subdivided into three categories, following the stages of dementia. FINDINGS Availability was reported to be higher than utilization, and the findings indicated more similarities than differences among the eight countries involved. Even though there were several available activities of "basic care and services" and "healthcare interventions," they were utilized by few in most countries. Furthermore, "specialized dementia care and services" were sparsely available and even more sparsely utilized in the participating countries. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated that persons with dementia in Europe received formal care and service on a general, basic level but seldom adjusted to their specific needs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study describes the gap between service provision and utilization enabling nurses to develop individually adjusted care plans for persons with dementia during the progress of the disease. The findings do not include matters of quality of care or how to best organize effective care and services. However, the activities of care and services presented here should shed light on what room there is for improvement when it comes to enabling persons with dementia to go on living at home.
Vertical ozone distribution in the marine atmosphere over the central Atlantic Ocean (56°S – 50°N)

Abstract. The vertical ozone distribution over the Atlantic Ocean has been measured in situ by shipborne ozone soundings during three RV Polarstern meridional transects in January/February 1993, October/November 1993, and May/June 1994. The low ozone column densities measured by Nimbus 7 and Meteor 3 satellites in 1993 could be confirmed by our investigations. We observed distinct differences in the vertical distribution pattern of tropospheric ozone between the northern and the southern hemisphere: The ozone mixing ratio gradients were flat in the northern hemisphere and ozone mixing ratios in the free troposphere never did exceed 80 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) up to the tropopause, while the southern hemisphere exhibited a pronounced vertical gradient. Extremely dry air masses with enhanced ozone amounts up to 120 ppbv have been found in the tropical free troposphere of the southern hemisphere between 0° and 20°S. The vertical ozone stratification in the troposphere of the southern hemisphere was dominated by this large-scale feature. Photochemical ozone production as a consequence of the emissions of natural fires or intrusions of stratospheric air masses are the most probable sources for these ozone-rich layers. On the basis of our results, a stringent differentiation between both alternatives could not be given.
Regulation of ATM and ATR by SMARCAL1 and BRG1 [preprint] Regulation of ATM and ATR by SMARCAL1 and BRG1 [preprint]

The G2/M checkpoint is activated on DNA damage by the ATM and ATR kinases that are regulated by post-translational modifications. In this paper, the transcriptional co-regulation of ATM and ATR by SMARCAL1 and BRG1, both members of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling protein family, is described. SMARCAL1 and BRG1 co-localize on the promoters of ATM and ATR ; downregulation of SMARCAL1/BRG1 results in transcriptional repression of ATM/ATR and therefore, overriding of the G2/M checkpoint leading to mitotic abnormalities. On doxorubicin-induced DNA damage, SMARCAL1 and BRG1 are upregulated and in turn, upregulate the expression of ATM/ATR. Phosphorylation of ATM/ATR is needed for the transcriptional upregulation of SMARCAL1 and BRG1 , and therefore, of ATM and ATR on DNA damage. The regulation of ATM/ATR is rendered non-functional if SMARCAL1 and/or BRG1 are absent or if the two proteins are mutated such that they are unable to hydrolyze ATP, as in for example in Schimke ImmunoOsseous Dysplasia and Coffin-Siris Syndrome. Thus, an intricate transcriptional regulation of DNA damage response genes mediated by SMARCAL1 and BRG1 is present in mammalian cells.
Dynamic restructuring of coordinatively unsaturated copper paddle wheel clusters drives CO2 reduction efficiently

Coordinatively unsaturated metal sites in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) hold promises for improving activity and selectivity of catalyst. As the building unit of many MOFs, copper paddle-wheel (CPW) is of great interest to function as activity sites for CO2 reduction due to the ability of copper cations to attract and activate CO2 molecules. However, little is known about the real structure of these active sites for their dynamic structural changes under realistic operating conditions. Here, we apply to design defect metal−organic framework HKUST-1 with coordinatively unsaturated copper paddle wheel through a facile “atomized trimesic acid” strategy, reveal its dynamic behaviour during electrochemical reconstruction and prove its superior CO2 reduction activity. Through comprehensive analysis of various in situ spectroscopy characterizations, it is demonstrated that unsaturated copper paddle wheel clusters [CU-CPWC, Cu2(HCOO)3] are finally formed during electrochemical reconstruction and act as the real active sites. Mechanistic studies based on density functional theory calculations reveal that the higher d band center in CU-CPWC compared with that in CPW accelerates the electron transport from copper atoms to CO2 molecules, which can be exploited to improve the CO2 reduction performance.