Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Operator-theoretic infrared renormalization and construction of dressed 1-particle states

We consider the infrared problem in a model of a freely propagating, nonrelativistic charged particle of mass 1 in interaction with the quantized electromagnetic field. The hamiltonian of the system is regularized by an infrared cutoff $\ssig\ll 1$ and an ultraviolet cutoff $\Lambda\sim 1$ in the interaction term, in units of the mass of the charged particle. Due to translation invariance, it suffices to study $\Hps$, the restriction of the hamiltonian to the fibre Hilbert space of the conserved momentum operator associated to total momentum $p\in\R^3$. Under the condition that the coupling constant $g$ and the conserved momentum $p$ are sufficiently small, the following statements hold: (1) For every $\ssig>0$, $E_0:=inf spec \Hps$ is an eigenvalue with corresponding eigenvector $\Omega[p,\ssig]\in\Hp$. (2) For all $\ssig\geq0$, the first and second derivatives of $(\Egrd-\frac{|p|^2}{2})$ are $O(g^\delta)$ for some $\delta>0$. (3) $\Omega[p,\ssig]$ is not an element of the Fock space $\Hp$ in the limit $\ssig\to0$, if $|p|>0$. Our proofs are based on the operator-theoretic renormalization group of V. Bach, J. Fr\"ohlich, and I.M. Sigal. The key difficulty in the analysis of this system is connected to the strictly marginal nature of the leading interaction term, and a main issue in our exposition is to develop analytic tools to control its renormalization flow.
Effectiveness of supplemental oxygenation to prevent surgical site infections: A systematic review with meta-analysis

Abstract Objective: to assess the effectiveness of supplemental oxygenation with high FiO2 when compared to conventional FiO2 in the prevention of surgical site infection. Method: an effectiveness systematic review with meta-analysis conducted in five international databases and portals. The research was guided by the following question: Which is the effectiveness of supplemental oxygenation with high FiO2 (greater than 80%) when compared to conventional FiO2 (from 30% to 35%) in the prevention of surgical site infections in adults? Results: fifteen randomized clinical trials were included. Although all the subgroups presented a general effect in favor of the intervention, colorectal surgeries had this relationship evidenced with statistical significance (I2=10%;X2 =4.42; p=0.352). Conclusion: inspired oxygen fractions greater than 80% during the perioperative period in colorectal surgeries have proved to be effective to prevent surgical site infections, reducing their incidence by up to 27% (p=0.006). It is suggested to conduct new studies in groups of patients subjected to surgeries from other specialties, such as cardiac and vascular. PROSPERO registration No.: 178,453.
The influence of semantic bias on triple non-identical cognates during reading: Evidence from trilinguals’ eye movements

The current study investigated how the processing of triple cognates (words sharing form and meaning across three languages) is modulated by the semantic bias of sentence context in a reading task. In the study, Polish–German–English trilinguals read English sentences while their eye movements were monitored. The sentences were either semantically biased (high-context) or neutral (low-context) towards target words. The targets were either Polish–German–English cognates whose cross-language form overlap was incomplete (e.g. DIAMENT–DIAMANT–DIAMOND) or English-only controls (e.g. KURCZAK–HÄHNCHEN–CHICKEN). The results revealed a significant effect of context in gaze durations and in total reading time. Importantly, no cognate facilitation effect was identified in any reading measure. The gaze duration data additionally revealed that English-only controls were read slower in low-context sentences than in high-context sentences but gaze durations for cognates were not affected by the sentence context. Thus, prior bilingual findings were only partially replicated in the current study with trilinguals. This suggests that bilingual models of language processing should be carefully adapted to trilinguals. The current data may also mean that non-identical cognates (even those shared across three languages) induce relatively small effects and large samples of participants and items may be needed to detect such effects across reading measures.
Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Pampa Biomes in the spotlight: an overview of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Talaromyces (Eurotiales) species and the description of Penicillium nordestinense sp. nov.

The knowledge of the geographical distribution of fungi is essential to promote the understanding of global and national fungal diversity patterns. In this study, we provide a literature-based checklist of Aspergillus , Penicillium , and Talaromyces species recorded in the biomes of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and the Brazilian Pampa. Only Penicillium digitatum was reported for the Pampa biome. For the Atlantic Forest, a total of 169 species (68 Aspergillus , 79 Penicillium
Quantifying scientific breakthroughs by a novel disruption indicator based on knowledge entities

Compared to previous studies that generally detect scientific breakthroughs based on citation patterns, this article proposes a knowledge entity‐based disruption indicator by quantifying the change of knowledge directly created and inspired by scientific breakthroughs to their evolutionary trajectories. Two groups of analytic units, including MeSH terms and their co‐occurrences, are employed independently by the indicator to measure the change of knowledge. The effectiveness of the proposed indicators was evaluated against the four datasets of scientific breakthroughs derived from four recognition trials. In terms of identifying scientific breakthroughs, the proposed disruption indicator based on MeSH co‐occurrences outperforms that based on MeSH terms and three earlier citation‐based disruption indicators. It is also shown that in our indicator, measuring the change of knowledge inspired by the focal paper in its evolutionary trajectory is a larger contributor than measuring the change created by the focal paper. Our study not only offers empirical insights into conceptual understanding of scientific breakthroughs but also provides practical disruption indicator for scientists and science management agencies searching for valuable research.
Cores in Classical Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies? A Dispersion-Kurtosis Jeans Analysis Without Restricted Anisotropy

We attempt to measure the density of dark matter in the two Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies Fornax and Sculptor using a new method which employs Jeans equations based on both the second and fourth moment of the Collisionless Boltzmann Equation (i.e. variance and kurtosis of line of sight stellar velocities). Unlike previous related efforts, we allow the anisotropy of the radial and tangential second and fourth order moments to vary independently of each other. We apply the method to simulated data and establish that to some degree it appears to be able to break the degeneracies associated with second order only Jeans analyses. When we apply the technique to real data, we see no huge improvement in our understanding of the inner density of Fornax, which can still be fit by either a quite cuspy or cored density profile. For Sculptor however we find that the technique suggests that the data is incompatible with a steep profile and a cored profile seems more consistent. As well as presenting these new results and comparing them to other estimates in the literature, we try to understand why the technique is more effective in one system than the other.
Evolution of entanglement entropy in the D1-D5 brane system

We calculate the evolution of the geometric entanglement entropy following a local quench in the D1D5 conformal field theory, a two-dimensional theory that describes a particular bound state of D1 and D5 branes. The quench corresponds to a localized insertion of the exactly marginal operator that deforms the field theory off of the orbifold (free) point in its moduli space. This deformation ultimately leads to thermalization of the system. We find an exact analytic expression for the entanglement entropy of any spatial interval as a function of time after the quench and analyze its properties. This process is holographically dual to one stage in the formation of a stringy black hole.
Three-point vertices in Landau-gauge Yang-Mills theory

I. IN T R O D U C T IO N Verticesdescribethebasicinteractionsbetween theelem entarydegreesoffreedom ofQCD and arethusofcentralim portancefortheunderstandingofnon-trivialphenom ena in the physicsofstrong interactions.Thepropertiesofvertices,in particularin the m om entum regim e oftheaverageconstituentm om entum ,arecrucialforthe form ation ofbound states.Furtherm ore,thefar-infrared
Evaluation of three commercial feeds for the farming of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica Temminck y Schlegel)

Objective: To evaluate, for the farming of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) three brands of feed, with different nutritional content, enzyme complexes, particle size and presentation, in the variables of production, weight and length of organs, height of intestinal villi and cost per quail. Design/Methodology/Approach: 300 young birds of both sexes were used; three commercial starter feeds of different brands (A, B and C) were evaluated. The response variables evaluated were feed consumed (AC), total feed consumed (ACT), live weight (PV), weight gain (GP), total weight gain (GPT), feed conversion (CA), total feed conversion (CAT), carcass yield, length, and weight of organs, as well as the size of the intestinal villi and the cost of the quail (CC). An analysis of variance was performed using the SAS® GLM procedure. Results: From week three the birds were classified by sex, and the lowest AC and best CA (p < 0.05) was obtained with treatment A in both sexes. Carcass yield was not affected by treatments (p>0.05); the longest and heaviest proventriculus and gizzard (p < 0.05) were for treatment B. Regarding the villi, it was found that the enzymes favored (p<0.05) their size. Limitations/Implications: The study showed that the size of the intestinal villi is influenced by the type of enzymes that are used, as well as by their concentrations or combinations. Findings/Conclusion: It is concluded that feed presentation influences the consumption of feed. Enzyme complexes improve the size of the intestinal villi.
The cosmological constant and the energy of gravitational radiation

We propose a definition of mass for characteristic hypersurfaces in asymptotically vacuum space-times with nonvanishing cosmological constant $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\ensuremath{\in}{\mathbb{R}}^{*}$, generalizing the definition of Trautman and Bondi for $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}=0$. We show that our definition reduces to some standard definitions in several situations. We establish a balance formula linking the characteristic mass and a suitably defined renormalized volume of the null hypersurface, generalizing the positivity identity proved by Chru\ifmmode \acute{s}\else \'{s}\fi{}ciel and Paetz when $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}=0$.
Development and Trends of Intergroup Contact Studies

Intergroup contact is considered as an effective intervention strategy to reduce intergroup bias, increase intergroup trust, and promote inter-group relationships. The study used CiteSpace software to do a visual analysis on the 2966 articles from the Web of Science Core Collection database between 2012 and 2022. It was found that during this period, the number of articles focus on intergroup contact increased steadily year by year, with social psychology as the main discipline background, the researchers are mainly conducted in the United States and the research content focused on intergroup contact theory, intergroup attitude, intergroup anxiety, reducing bias and other topics. Moreover, it formed the foundation of knowledge including direct contact and indirect contact, mechanism of how intergroup contact to improve intergroup bias, and intergroup contact intervention strategies. Research trends mainly include positive contact, negative contact, and social change research.
Spatial Distribution of Galaxies in the Puppis Region behind the Milky Way

We determine the spatial distribution of the galaxies located behind the part of the zone of avoidance of the Milky Way defined by 220° < l < 260°, |b| < 20°, δ ≤ 0°, up to a distance of 8000 km s -1 . We use a sample of 369 galaxies with measured redshifts, of which 97 have been detected with the Nancay radio telescope. We show that our sample can be considered to be complete in apparent diameter down to 1.9 arcmin, a property that allows us to correct the density of galaxies for the loss of objects with distance. We then search for groups of galaxies using a companionship method and find 12 groups with at least five members, of which five are new. The members of one group are H I deficient by a factor of 1.6 on average. The method is then used to search for large structures and allows us to characterize the Puppis wall at 1400 < V 0 < 2600 km s -1 ; it is 30 Mpc long, with the main axis being parallel to the sky plane, and it connects the Antlia cluster to the Fornax cluster through the zone of avoidance. The density of galaxies in the wall is approximately 20 times the general density of galaxies, i.e. half that observed in the densest part of the Pisces-Perseus supercluster. No internal motions are found along the line of sight, indicating that the Puppis wall has not yet collapsed.
RAVE: Results and Updates from Data Release 4

The RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) published in November 2013 its fourth data release with the stellar atmospheric parameters, abundances, distances, radial velocities, proper motions and spectral morphological flags of more than 480,000 targets. With that, a plethora of papers ranging from the mass of the Milky Way to the mapping of the Diffuse Interstellar Band, and from the chemo-dynamical history and properties of the disc to the Galaxy's bar pattern speed have also been published. Being one of the largest spectroscopic surveys in the magnitude range of Gaia, RAVE has helped to pave the way for the exploitation of the Gaia catalogs. Here, we review some of these results and present some perspectives about future RAVE data releases.
Riqueza, abundancia relativa y actividad de los mamíferos de una reserva en restauración en Costa Rica

RESUMEN. Introducción: Las áreas protegidas privadas son un complemento valioso para los sistemas nacionales de áreas protegidas. La Reserva Sierra Zapote en Abangares, Costa Rica, establecida en 2000, protege 70 ha de bosque secundario avanzado, bosque secundario en regeneración y bosque ribereño primario. Se espera que favorezca a las comunidades faunísticas, como los mamíferos medianos y grandes, que se encuentran entre las especies más amenazadas por la pérdida y fragmentación del hábitat; actualmente existe la necesidad de evaluaciones faunísticas en Sierra Zapote. Objetivo: Evaluar la riqueza, abundancia relativa y patrones de actividad de estos mamíferos en la reserva. Métodos: De mayo de 2020 a julio de 2021, mantuvimos cinco cámaras trampa en sitios estratégicos y las programamos para que estuvieran activas las 24 horas del día (0,3 segundos entre disparos). Revisamos las cámaras cada 1-2 meses y también extrajimos datos de temperatura y fase lunar. Resultados: Obtuvimos 758 registros independientes de mamíferos con un esfuerzo de fototrampeo de 2 135 días. Las especies más abundantes fueron Nasua narica (índice de abundancia relativa RAI = 14,6, N= 312) y Didelphis marsupialis (RAI = 6,1, N= 130). Los menos abundantes fueron Herpailurus yagouaroundi y Procyon lotor (RAI = 0,05, N= 1). La mayoría de las especies son nocturnas y solo el saíno (Pecari tajacu), el pizote (Nasua narica) y la guatusa (Dasyprocta punctata) tienen actividad mayoritariamente diurna. El puma (Puma concolor) también habita en la reserva. Conclusión: Los patrones de actividad fueron los esperados; para el tamaño de la reserva, una riqueza de 19 especies es comparativamente alta. La presencia del puma, indicador de buena salud del ecosistema, deja entrever la importancia del proceso de restauración de la reserva.
The Pesky Power Asymmetry

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218(Dated: March 27, 2013)Physical models for the hemispherical power asymmetry in the cosmic microwave background(CMB) reported by the Planck Collaboration must satisfy CMB constraints to the homogeneityof the Universe and quasar constraints to power asymmetries. We survey a variety of modelsfor the power asymmetry and show that consistent models include a modulated scale-dependentisocurvature contribution to the matter power spectrum or a modulation of the reionization opticaldepth, gravitational-wave amplitude, or scalar spectral index. We propose further tests to distinguishbetween the di erent scenarios.
The Lamb shift in de Sitter spacetime

We study the Lamb shift of both freely falling and static two-level atoms in interaction with quantized conformally coupled massless scalar fields in the de Sitter-invariant vacuum. We find that the Lamb shifts of both freely falling and static atoms are in structural similarity to that of an inertial atom immersed in a thermal bath in a Minkowski spacetime. For the freely falling atom, the Lamb shift gets a correction as if it was immersed in a thermal bath at the Gibbons-Hawking temperature, thus revealing clearly the intrinsic thermal nature of de Sitter spacetime. For the static atom, the Lamb shift is affected by a combination of the effect of the intrinsic thermal nature of de Sitter spacetime and the Unruh effect associated with the inherent acceleration of the atom.
Synthesis and Characterization of Some Metals Complexes with New Acidicazo Ligand 4-[(2-Amino-4-Phenylazo)-Methyl]-Cyclohexane Carboxylic Acid

4-[(2-Amino-4-phenylazo)-methyl]-cyclo hexane carboxylic acid, a new Azo (LH2) ligand, was synthesized by reaction of the diazonium salt of trans-4-(amino-methyl) cyclo hexane carboxylic acid with 3-amino phenol. The azo ligand was characterized by micro elemental analysis (C.H.N.O.) and TGA as well as spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, FTIR, 1H-NMR, and LC-Mass). Atomic absorption, elemental analysis, infrared, LC-Mass, TGA, and UV-Vis spectral methods, as well as conductivity and magnetic susceptibility, were used to characterize the complexes of Ni (II), Pd (II), and Pt (IV). The following general formula has been given for the produced compounds based on the results obtained, which are as following: the Ni (II) complex has a 1:1 metal-ligand ratio, but the Pd (II) and Pt (IV) complexes have a 1:2 metal-ligand ratio.
TESTING MODELS OF INTRINSIC BRIGHTNESS VARIATIONS IN TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE AND THEIR IMPACT ON MEASURING COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

For spectroscopically confirmed Type Ia supernovae we evaluate models of intrinsic brightness variations with detailed data/Monte Carlo comparisons of the dispersion in the following quantities: Hubble-diagram scatter, color difference (B − V − c) between the true B − V color and the fitted color (c) from the salt-ii light curve model, and photometric redshift residual. The data sample includes 251 ugriz light curves from the three-season Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II and 191 griz light curves from the Supernova Legacy Survey 3 year data release. We find that the simplest model of a wavelength-independent (coherent) scatter is not adequate, and that to describe the data the intrinsic-scatter model must have wavelength-dependent variations resulting in a ∼0.02 mag scatter in B − V − c. Relatively weak constraints are obtained on the nature of intrinsic scatter because a variety of different models can reasonably describe this photometric data sample. We use Monte Carlo simulations to examine the standard approach of adding a coherent-scatter term in quadrature to the distance-modulus uncertainty in order to bring the reduced χ2 to unity when fitting a Hubble diagram. If the light curve fits include model uncertainties with the correct wavelength dependence of the scatter, we find that this approach is valid and that the bias on the dark energy equation-of-state parameter w is much smaller (∼0.001) than current systematic uncertainties. However, incorrect model uncertainties can lead to a significant bias on the distance moduli, with up to ∼0.05 mag redshift-dependent variation. This bias is roughly reduced in half after applying a Malmquist bias correction. For the recent SNLS3 cosmology results, we estimate that this effect introduces an additional systematic uncertainty on w of ∼0.02, well below the total uncertainty. This uncertainty depends on the choice of viable scatter models and the choice of supernova (SN) samples, and thus this small w-uncertainty is not guaranteed in future cosmology results. For example, the w-uncertainty for SDSS+SNLS (dropping the nearby SNe) increases to ∼0.04.
A logical approach to discrete event modeling and simulation

The purpose of this dissertation is to design and formally define a language for discrete event modeling and simulation and investigate its expressivity for expressing models in the major world views of discrete event simulation languages. It is desirable to develop a formal approach to defining discrete event simulation languages because they are important from a practical viewpoint and have been extensively used to understand and analyze complex systems. First, a semantic framework for relating simulation languages to real systems is developed by defining the fundamental conceptual entities. Next, a generalized propositional temporal logic $L\sb{GT}$ is defined. $L\sb{GT}$ contains infinitely many temporal quantifiers/operators and forms a basis for developing a logic for discrete event modeling and simulation. Next, a logic, called Propositional Discrete Event Logic $L\sb{PDE}$, for expressing discrete event simulation models is defined. The semantics of L$\sb{PDE}$ is defined with respect to a structure called a DE structure. The DE structure represents conceptual information about a system over a time interval. Next, it is shown that state and event occurrences can be related in $L\sb{PDE}$ in several different ways including some of the characteristic ways of the major discrete event modeling world views. This is possible because $L\sb{PDE}$ (1) includes a vast variety of temporal operators, (2) permits concurrent actions, and (3) allows logical combinations of events and conditions on state variables. Next, an algorithm for executing programs in a subset of $L\sb{PDE}$ is formally defined by giving its operational semantics. It is shown that, in addition, $L\sb{PDE}$ extends the sequential and (simple) rule-based programming paradigms by providing concurrency and, in principle, infinitely many control constructs.
THE GALAXY POPULATION IN VOIDS: ARE ALL VOIDS THE SAME?

The influence of underdense environments on the formation and evolution of galaxies is studied by analyzing the photometric properties of ∼200 galaxies residing in voids, taken from our Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR10 void catalog up to z ∼ ? > 0.055. We split void galaxies into two subsamples based on the luminosity density contrast of their host voids: “sparse void” δ s = δ < − 0.95 ? > and “populous void” δ p = δ > − 0.87 ? > . We find that galaxies in sparse voids are less massive than galaxies in populous voids. The luminosity distribution of galaxies in populous voids follows the same distribution observed across the SDSS survey in the same redshift range. Galaxies in the sparse voids are also bluer, suggesting that they may be going through a relatively slow and continuous star formation. Additionally, we find that the luminosity function of galaxies in populous voids is represented with the Schechter function, whereas the same does not hold true for sparse voids. Our analysis suggests that the properties of a host void play a significant role in the formation and evolution of the void galaxies, and determining the large-scale evolution of voids is an important step to understand what processes regulate the evolution of galaxies.