Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ten-Year Clinical Outcomes of Endoscope-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgical Decompression for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis with Degenerative Spondylolisthesis and Comparison with Conservative Treatment

Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the 10-year clinical outcomes of endoscope-assisted, minimally invasive surgical (MIS) decompression for lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSS) with lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) and to compare the radiographic changes in patients who underwent this procedure with those who underwent conservative therapy at 10-year follow-up. Methods Between April 2007 and April 2010, 347 consecutive patients with DS and evidence of LSS underwent conservative treatment first from 2 to 4 weeks. The 114 patients who failed conservative treatment were then treated surgically by endoscope-assisted MIS decompression. Of them, 91 patients were followed for more than 10 years (group S), and 146 of the 233 patients treated conservatively were followed for more than 10 years (group C). Clinical outcomes of endoscope-assisted MIS decompression were assessed using the Short Form Health Survey-36 score (SF-36), the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ), and the neurological leg symptoms of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Score (JOA score). Radiographic changes of the two groups were assessed by %slip, dynamic %slip, range of motion (ROM), and the height of the disc (DH) on plain radiographs. Results Significant improvements in clinical outcomes on the SF-36, RDQ, and neurological leg symptoms of the JOA were observed. Radiographic assessment did not show significant differences in the assessed items between the two groups at baseline and after last treatment. Both groups had significantly decreased ROM and DH. Conclusions The 10-year clinical outcomes of endoscope-assisted MIS decompression for DS were generally good. Furthermore, on radiographic comparison, the progress of spondylolisthesis after this procedure was virtually the same as in the natural course of the disease at 10-year follow-up.
Small‐scale variability in suspended matter associated with the Connecticut River plume front

[1] We report high spatial resolution observations of optical proxies for suspended particles and dissolved matter measured at the boundary of the Connecticut River plume (CRP) in Long Island Sound (LIS) in April 2000 when river discharge was near the annual maximum. The magnitude of beam attenuation, cp, backscatter, bb, and absorption at short wavelengths indicated higher concentration of suspended particles and colored dissolved matter within the LIS relative to the adjacent CRP. The fractional backscatter from particles indicated relatively higher organic matter fraction within the LIS. An absorption feature centered at 429 nm (aPB), indicated the presence of pigmented heterotrophic bacteria unique to the LIS and the strongest signals were observed at locations closest to shore. The spectral slope of beam attenuation associated with particulate matter (γ) indicated the presence of relatively larger particle assemblages within the LIS. Strong linear relationships between γ and salinity were observed within the energetic CRP boundary region, within 30 m of the front location. Regression residuals indicated a shift to smaller particles and were greatest at the front and decreased with distance toward the plume interior with a length scale similar to previous reports of the kinetic energy dissipation rate. At the same time, the magnitude of cp and bb remained uniform. These results are consistent with the disruption of low fractal dimension particle assemblages due to enhanced turbulence and mixing. The residuals in γ were weakly correlated with salinity and aPB suggesting that aggregate disruption was primarily associated with entrained Long Island Sound water.
Tidally generated high-frequency internal wave packets and their effects on plankton in Massachusetts Bay

Tidally generated internal wave packets occur twice a day during late summer in Massachusetts Bay, U.S.A. The packets are formed at Stellwagen Bank and propagate into the Bay at about 60 cm sec-; they dissipate in shallow water at the western side of the Bay. The dominant waves in packets have lengths of about 300 m, periods of between 8 and 10 min, and amplitudes of up to 30 m. Overturning of the waves has been observed acoustically over Stellwagen Bank, in the deep (80 m) waters in the center of the Bay, and during dissipation in shallow water. The effects of the internal waves on the distribution of plankton were investigated in August 1977 using an instrument package (Longhurst-Hardy Plankton Recorder, in situ fluorometer, CTD) towed either at a constant depth or following an isotherm through wave packets. Phytoplankton and zooplankton appear to be carried passively up and down by the internal waves; the data were insufficient to resolve any active response by zooplankton to vertical displacements by the waves. Vertical distributions of the plankton were altered by overturning of waves and subsequent mixing. Patterns of horizontal distributions of plankton determined by constant-depth tows were dominated by the effects of internal wave vertical displacements. Isotherm-following tows removed much of the variability due to wave displacement, but problems of following rapidly moving isotherms introduced considerable smallerscale variability. Changes in zooplankton abundance on tow length scales (600-1200 m) were not correlated with temperature, salinity, or density; some significant correlations with chlorophyll fluorescence occurred when internal wave activity was present. Twice a day for several hours or more, phytoplankton were vertically displaced by as much as 30 m, with a period of about 10 min. The light level plant cells experienced varied from 0.1 to 26% of the ambient surface illumination. This rapid change in light should alter fluorescence yields of plant cells and affect continuous in situ measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence. The timing of internal wave packets varies with the semidiurnal tidal cycle and therefore interacts with the day-night cycle to significantly alter the light regime experienced by plant cells over a two-week period. This could affect the primary productivity of the Bay in the area affected by internal wave packets. The sporadic occurrence of internal wave overturning and mixing events in the deep waters of the Bay could enhance primary production by increasing nutrient input to the mixed layer. This effect should be greatly enhanced in the shallow waters where the internal waves 1. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, 92093, U.S.A. 2. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, U.S.A. 3. Gulf Research and Development Company, P.O. Box 2038, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15230, U.S.A.
Numerical modeling of ocean‐ice interactions under Pine Island Bay's ice shelf

[1] A two-dimensional numerical model is used to simulate the dynamics of buoyant, meltwater-rich plumes flowing beneath the ice shelf occupying much of Pine Island Bay, West Antarctica. Recent studies have shown that this ice shelf, along with all others fringing the Amundsen Sea, is thinning rapidly. In the model, both the Coriolis effect and subshelf topography are important in controlling plume dynamics and the spatial distribution of ice melt. Melt is concentrated in a narrow zone within ∼20 km of the grounding line where steep subshelf slopes and access to warm ambient water allow melt rates to exceed 100 m yr−1. The plume generated by entrainment of ambient water into the meltwater in these areas is guided by the topography of the ice shelf underside and exits the ice shelf at three distinct outflow locations. Melt rates generated along the course of the plume are higher (approximately 2.5×) than rates elsewhere. The model suggests that the observed ice shelf thinning rates could have resulted from a hypothetical instantaneous 0.25°C warming of the ambient water entrained by the plume. A context for this value is provided by the 40-year warming trend documented by Jacobs et al. (2002) for Circumpolar Deep Water in the nearby Ross Sea.
Intranasal Delivery of Oncolytic Adenovirus XVir-N-31 via Optimized Shuttle Cells Significantly Extends Survival of Glioblastoma-Bearing Mice

Simple Summary Glioblastomas (GBMs) are difficult-to-treat, deadly brain tumors and may infiltrate the whole brain. Cancer-killing (oncolytic) viruses have been used to treat GBMs. However, oncolytic virotherapy needs surgery, as the viruses have to be injected directly into the tumor. Human hepatic stellate cells were loaded with the oncolytic virus XVir-N-31 and applied into the noses of GBM-bearing mice via a non-surgical method. The virus-loaded cells rapidly migrated towards the brain tumor and invaded GBM cells located far away from the original tumor. In the brain, these shuttle cells released XVir-N-31, which then infected and killed the cancer cells. In consequence, the mice that received XVir-N-31-loaded shuttle cells via the nose showed delayed tumor growth and better survival. In addition, when the intranasal delivery was combined with an intratumoral injection of XVir-N-31, 25% of the mice did not develop any tumors and survived a long time. Abstract A glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and lethal primary brain tumor with restricted treatment options and a dismal prognosis. Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) has developed as a promising approach for GBM treatment. However, reaching invasive GBM cells may be hindered by tumor-surrounding, non-neoplastic cells when the oncolytic virus (OV) is applied intratumorally. Using two xenograft GBM mouse models and immunofluorescence analyses, we investigated the intranasal delivery of the oncolytic adenovirus (OAV) XVir-N-31 via virus-loaded, optimized shuttle cells. Intranasal administration (INA) was selected due to its non-invasive nature and the potential to bypass the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Our findings demonstrate that the INA of XVir-N-31-loaded shuttle cells successfully delivered OAVs to the core tumor and invasive GBM cells, significantly prolonged the survival of the GBM-bearing mice, induced immunogenic cell death and finally reduced the tumor burden, all this highlighting the therapeutic potential of this innovative approach. Overall, this study provides compelling evidence for the effectiveness of the INA of XVir-N-31 via shuttle cells as a promising therapeutic strategy for GBM. The non-invasive nature of the INA of OV-loaded shuttle cells holds great promise for future clinical translation. However, further research is required to assess the efficacy of this approach to ultimately progress in human clinical trials.
Susceptibility and radiometry data used for stratigraphic correlations: case study on Upper Triassic beds in Turkey

Abstract A Julian/Tuvalian (=Lower/Upper Carnian) substage boundary within the Kasımlar Formation, recently detected at Aşağiyaylabel (Taurus Mountains, Turkey) by facies analyses and biostratigraphic ammonoid investigations, was additionally detected by magnetic susceptibility (MS) and radiometry data. The Aşağiyaylabel sequence, a key section concerning environmental changes during Early to Late Carnian time, represents a deepening sequence from platform carbonates to pelagic limestones and marls. The Julian/Tuvalian boundary strata can be correlated over wide areas due to a positive shift in MS values from 11–105×10−6 SI (range AS I, KA IV) at the Lower Carnian sediments to 62–458×10−6 SI (range AS I, KA IV) at the Upper Carnian sediments as well as in radiometry values from 21.35–83.27 nGy h−1 (range AS I, KA IV) at the Lower Carnian sediments to 38.43–130.24 nGy h−1 (range AS I, KA IV) at the Upper Carnian sediments. A second, smaller positive shift in MS occurs at the transition from shallow-water carbonates of the Kartoz Formation (−11 to 71×10−6 SI; range AS I–KA II) into deeper-water carbonates from the base of the Kasımlar Formation (3–108×10−6 SI; range AS I–KA II). This study presents the first MS and radiometry data from Lower to Upper Carnian sediments. They reliably reflect lithological changes and display a direct function of enhanced terrigenous input into marine sediment systems, most probably caused by variations in climatic conditions.
A regional 8200 cal. yr BP cooling event in northwest Europe, induced by final stages of the Laurentide ice-sheet deglaciation?

The most notable change in δ18O in Greenland ice cores during the Holocene occurs at 8200 cal. yr BP. Here we present a new high-resolution marine record from the northern North Sea, along with tree-ring data from Germany, which contain evidence of a pronounced temperature drop (>2°C) contemporaneous with that of the Greenland ice-core records. The synchronous timing of the cooling event in the Greenland ice-cores, marine record and tree-ring data from northwest Europe reflects a regional influence on the North Atlantic ocean–atmospheric system, suggesting a prominent role of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation. The operation of the North Atlantic ocean circulation is sensitive to variation in the freshwater budget, implying that any change in freshwater flux is capable of altering the North Atlantic circulation system. We hypothesise minor but long-term freshwater fluxes in the final stages of the deglaciation of the Laurentide ice-sheet as a forcing mechanism. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Near‐Saturated Hydraulic Properties in the Surface Layer of a Sandy Loam Soil under Conventional and Reduced Tillage

Information on the quantitative tillage effects on pore space and near-saturated hydraulic characteristics is important to improve decision support systems for soil and environmental management. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of conventional (CT) and reduced tillage (RT) on water retention and infiltration properties of an Agrudalf sandy loam surface soil under long-term winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping. Using tension disk infiltrometry, with supply pressure heads (h) from -15 to -120 mm, the steady-state infiltration rate [i(h)] and hydraulic conductivity [K(h)] were highest shortly after tillage in October, followed by a steep decrease to minimum values in winter and a recovery to intermediate values during spring and early summer. The range in the temporal variation in saturated K was about 65 to 5 and 52 to 8 mm h -1 under CT and RT, respectively. Compared with CT, K(h) under RT was slightly lower shortly after tillage, similar during winter, and considerably higher during early summer. Changes in K were accompanied by temporal variations in pore space characteristics, indicating structural collapse during late autumn and early winter followed by structural recovery with aggregation during spring and summer. The air-entry pressure head was highest under RT. The effective porosities were found to be smaller, by two to three orders of magnitude, than the equivalent fractional pore volumes estimated from the water retention curves determined on soil cores in the laboratory. Wheel traffic was found to obliterate any differences in hydraulic properties between the tillage treatments. Therefore, compared with CT, RT is likely to improve water availability and soil resilience but offers no comparative advantage for controlling wheel-traffic-induced topsoil compaction.
SPOT5 HRG and HRS first in-flight geometric quality results

As compared to other SPOT satellites, SPOT5 geometric accuracy is improved : a stellar sensor unit allows absolute location accuracy of 60 meters; geometric resolution is 10 meters for multispectral mode, 5 meters for panchromatic mode and 2,5 meters for THR mode; HRS along track stereoscopic mode leads to 10 meters accuracy digital terrain models. This paper presents the results of in-flight geometric characterization of SPOT5 remote sensing satellite established during the first two months of SPOT5's life in orbit. Calibration of the viewing model has been performed : platform's biases and modelization of mirror positioning are measured thanks to a triangulation process using images acquired on several targets around the world chosen for their referential ground control points. Geometric performances of THR mode was precisely measured thanks to the comparison of the two images of the quincunx mode. Multispectral registration was measured using correlation methods. The viewing model includes a description of the focal plane with each detector viewing angle. This description was improved for HRS and HRG cameras thanks to a reference composed of a set of aerial photographs. Finally, a first evaluation of HRS' DTM accuracy has been done by comparison to a reference DTM over FRANCE.
Impact of Population Density on Spatial Differences in the Economic Growth of Urban Agglomerations: The Case of Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration, China

In the new period of ups and downs in the international environment, it is necessary to seek a new endogenous impetus for the economic growth of urban agglomerations. Population agglomeration provides a new idea to explain the spatial differences in the economic growth of urban agglomerations. Thus, we ask the question, does population agglomeration affect the spatial differences in the economic growth of urban agglomerations, and how? This study first measured the spatial differences in district- and county-scale economic growth in China’s Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration from 2005 to 2020 and then constructed an empirical formula to calculate the impact of population density on the urban agglomeration’s economic growth, taking into account the roles of both intra- and inter-district and county interactions. Thus, based on the population density data extracted from nighttime lighting data, we analyzed the impact of population density on economic growth within urban agglomerations, as well as the extent of the impact of population density on economic growth when incorporating spillover effects from neighboring districts and counties. The results indicate that, firstly, the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration in China has formed a “core-periphery” development pattern, with the main urban areas of Xi’an–Xianyang and Baoji as the core and the core area gradually spreading out to the neighboring districts and counties of their cities. Secondly, population density can significantly and steadily promote the economic growth of the districts and counties within the urban agglomeration, and the population agglomeration of districts and counties with railway stations can have a stronger effect on the economic growth of these districts and counties. Third, the agglomeration of economic and demographic factors in neighboring counties has a positive spillover effect on the local economy, while the positive impact of population density on economic growth remains unchanged when it is integrated into the spillover effect of neighboring counties. This study not only provides a theoretical basis for systematically exploring the influence of population density on the economic growth of urban agglomerations but also provides a reference for local governments to formulate policies related to regional economic development and spatial territorial planning. According to the research conclusion, this study suggests that local governments can continue to promote the regional development policy of spatial agglomeration and intensive land planning, strengthen the construction of the industrial chain and road network within the urban agglomeration, and deepen the network connection between districts and counties.
Disturbances of temperature‐depth profiles due to surface climate change and subsurface water flow: 2. An effect of step increase in surface temperature caused by forest clearing in southwest western Australia

A series of type curves is presented for estimating vertical groundwater fluxes under the condition of a step increase in surface temperature. The depths of minimum groundwater temperature in temperature‐depth profiles are used as an indicator of the magnitude of the downward groundwater fluxes. The type curve method has been applied to the subsurface thermal regime observed in experimental catchments in the Collie River Basin in southwest Western Australia to estimate the vertical groundwater fluxes under the condition of surface warming caused by land cover change from forest to agriculture. The groundwater fluxes obtained from the type curves and the depths of minimum groundwater temperature in temperature‐depth profiles agree well with the values obtained from the other studies.
Low Power Consumption and High Sensitivity Temperature Sensor Chip Based on Monolayer Suspended Graphene Field Effect Transistor

With the rapid development of integrated circuits (ICs), temperature-sensing chips with small size and low power consumption will play an important role in the field of IC in the post-Moore era. In this article, a field effect transistors (FETs) structure based on monolayer-suspended graphene was designed and prepared, and the influence of temperature on its electrical characteristics was explored. The experimental results show that FETs could realize temperature detection in the temperature range from 30 °C to 150 °C, and the temperature sensitivity temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) is 0.51%<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\cdot ^{\circ }\text{C}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Among them, phonon scattering and thermal expansion effects are the two main mechanisms affecting the resistance increase of graphene. Due to the effective suppression of charged impurity scattering and phonon scattering by the suspended structure, the carrier mobility of graphene FETs reaches 23 000 cm2/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}\cdot \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The excellent sensitivity, repeatability, and stability of graphene FETs not only provide a new way for temperature sensing chips in the field of IC, but also its high carrier mobility ensures low power consumption of the device.
Magnetic fabric and microstructure of a mylonite: example from the Bitterroot shear zone, western Montana

Abstract The Bitterroot shear zone, SW Montana, is a mylonitic detachment that developed by strain localization during the Palaeocene-Eocene orogenic collapse of this part of the North American Cordillera. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data from two transects across the shear zone and into the granitic footwall demonstrate the continuity between the low to high-temperature solid-state fabric in the shear zone and the magmatic fabric developed in the footwall granite. This fabric gradually and smoothly rotates from E-dipping in the shear zone to W-dipping in the footwall granites, forming an arch over 10 km wide. Furthermore, the mineral fabric of both paramagnetic and ferrimagnetic minerals is consistent with the AMS fabric, displaying the same arching, which is interpreted to have developed by a rolling-hinge process in the footwall granites during activation of the Bitterroot shear zone. The AMS method thus stands out as a robust indicator of fabric over a wide range of deformation conditions.