Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploration of the shared genetic biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease and chronic kidney disease using integrated bioinformatics analysis

In order to investigate the potential link between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), we conducted a comprehensive analysis using a bioinformatics approach. We downloaded AD and CKD datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and analyzed differentially expressed genes and weighted gene co-expression networks to identify candidate genes for AD and CKD. We used a combination of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and random forest algorithms to select the shared genes. Subsequently, we shared genes and performed an immune infiltration analysis to investigate the association between different immune cell types and shared genes. Finally, we elucidated the relationship between the expression levels of the shared genes in disease samples and cells using single-cell analysis. Our analysis identified 150 candidate genes that may be primarily involved in immune inflammatory responses and energy metabolism pathways. We found that JunD Proto-Oncogene, ALF transcription elongation factor 1, and ZFP36 Ring Finger Protein Like 1 were the best co-diagnostic markers for AD and CKD based on the results of Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator analysis and the random forest algorithm. Based on the results of immune infiltration analysis, macrophages and T-cells play a significant role in the progression of AD and CKD. Our scRNA-sequencing data showed that the 3 shared genes in AD were significantly expressed in astrocytes, excitatory neurons, oligodendrocytes, and MAIT cells. The 3 shared genes in CKD were significantly expressed in oligodendrocytes, neutrophils, fibroblasts, astrocytes, and T-cells. JunD Proto-Oncogene, ALF transcription elongation factor 1, and ZFP36 Ring Finger Protein Like 1 genes are the best diagnostic markers for AD and CKD.
Novel method combining multiscale attention entropy of overnight blood oxygen level and machine learning for easy sleep apnea screening

Objective Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder affecting a significant portion of the population, but many apnea patients remain undiagnosed because existing clinical tests are invasive and expensive. This study aimed to develop a method for easy sleep apnea screening. Methods Three supervised machine learning algorithms, including logistic regression, support vector machine, and light gradient boosting machine, were applied to develop apnea screening models at two apnea–hypopnea index cutoff thresholds: ≥ 5 and ≥ 30 events/hours. The SpO2 recordings of the Sleep Heart Health Study database (N = 5786) were used for model training, validation, and test. Multiscale entropy analysis was performed to derive a set of multiscale attention entropy features from the SpO2 recordings. Demographic features including age, sex, body mass index, and blood pressure were also used. The dependency among the multiscale attention entropy features were handled with the independent component analysis. Results For cutoff ≥ 5/hours, logistic regression model achieved the highest Matthew’s correlation coefficient (0.402) and area under the curve (0.747), and reasonably good sensitivity (75.38%), specificity (74.02%), and positive predictive value (92.94%). For cutoff ≥ 30/hours, support vector machine model achieved the highest Matthew’s correlation coefficient (0.545) and area under the curve (0.823), and good sensitivity (82.00%), specificity (82.69%), and negative predictive value (95.53%). Conclusions Our models achieved better performance than existing methods and have the potential to be integrated with home-use pulse oximeters.
Safety of low dose efavirenz regimen in Indian adults with HIV-1 infection: Insights from a phase 4 interventional randomised trial

Background: A randomized interventional phase 4 study in the Indian population confirmed the non-inferiority of the combination tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz (TLE)-400 to TLE600. The current manuscript describes in detail the safety profile and patient-reported safety outcomes obtained from the phase 4 study. Methods: This investigation was part of a phase 4 non-inferiority study with a blinded assessment, conducted across 17 sites in India. The duration of the study was 24 weeks. Safety endpoints assessed included all the adverse events (AEs) related to the study treatment (TLE400 and TLE600). The depression anxiety stress 21-item scale questionnaire and efavirenz-related symptom questionnaire were also used to measure depression, anxiety, stress, and patient experience. Results: A total of 68 patients (52.3%) reported 261 AEs and 87 patients (64.9%) reported 379 AEs related to study treatment in TLE400 group and TLE600 group respectively, P = . 037. The reported AEs associated with central nervous system disorders were lower in the TLE400 group with 41 patients (31.5%) to 61 patients (45.5%) in the TLE600 group. The change from mean baseline value for depression anxiety stress 21-item scale at week 28 in TLE400 group and TLE600 group was −5.1 and −6.2 respectively. Similarly, the mean change from baseline score of efavirenz-related symptoms at week 28 in TLE400 group and TLE600 group were −5.1 and −4.1 respectively. Conclusion: The low dose efavirenz (400 mg) in combination with tenofovir and lamivudine had a better safety and tolerability profile than the standard dose of efavirenz (600 mg) in combination with tenofovir and lamivudine. Thus, low dose efavirenz should be preferred over the standard dose.
Preproject ‘Swiss Virtual Natural History Collection’

Abstract The initiative ‘Swiss Natural History Collection Network’ (SwissCollNet) aims to improve the accessibility of the Swiss natural history collections for research, education and the wider public. In the 2021–24 funding period, SwissCollNet is identifying, prioritizing and digitizing as many collections as possible and building an online portal called the ‘Swiss Virtual Natural History Collection’ (hereafter SVNHC) to provide open access to harmonized sample data from Swiss collections. The University of Applied Sciences of the Grisons developed scenarios for the technical implementation of the SVNHC portal in a preliminary study on behalf of SwissCollNet and based on the requirements of collections and data centres.
Winter 1-1-2011 SafeVchat : Detecting Obscene Content and Misbehaving Users in Online Video Chat Services ; CU-CS-1077-11

Online video chat services such as Chatroulette, Omegle, and vChatter that randomly match pairs of users in video chat sessions are fast becoming very popular, with over a million users per month in the case of Chatroulette. A key problem encountered in such systems is the presence of flashers and obscene content. This problem is especially acute given the presence of underage minors in such systems. This paper presents SafeVchat, a novel solution to the problem of flasher detection that employs an array of image detection algorithms. A key contribution of the paper concerns how the results of the individual detectors are fused together into an overall decision classifying the user as misbehaving or not, based on Dempster-Shafer Theory. The paper introduces a novel, motion-based skin detection method that achieves significantly higher recall and better precision. The proposed methods have been evaluated over real-world data and image traces obtained from Chatroulette.com.
Cardiovascular disease risk in early‐onset vs late‐onset type 2 diabetes in China: A population‐based cross‐sectional study

Abstract Background This study investigated the effects of early‐onset type 2 diabetes (EOD) vs late‐onset type 2 diabetes (LOD) on nonfatal cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in China. Methods We conducted a cross‐sectional survey of 46 239 participants from 14 provinces in China from 2007 to 2008, selecting 4949 participants with type 2 diabetes for analysis. Participants were categorized as EOD (<40 years) or LOD (≥40 years) based on age at diabetes diagnosis. Sociodemographic and nonfatal CVD information was collected through an interviewer‐assisted questionnaire and clinical examination. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the nonfatal CVD risk. Results Out of 4949 participants with type 2 diabetes, 390 (7.88%) had nonfatal CVD. Participants with EOD had a higher age‐standardized prevalence of nonfatal CVD than those with LOD (11.4% vs 4.4%). Compared to LOD patients, EOD patients tended to be males and had a higher family history of diabetes, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, and lower blood pressure levels. After adjustment for age and sex, EOD patients had a higher risk of nonfatal CVD than LOD patients (odds ratio [OR] 2.3, 95% CI 1.5–3.5). After further adjustment for diabetes duration, use of drugs, and other risk factors, the OR of nonfatal CVD was reduced but significant (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–2.9). Sensitivity analysis revealed that EOD patients with metabolic syndrome had an increased nonfatal CVD risk compared to LOD patients (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2–3.5). Conclusions EOD patients are at increased risk of nonfatal CVD. Individualized intervention and management measures for EOD patients are necessary.
Effects of Breast-Conserving Surgery and Mastectomy on the Survival of Patients with Early-Stage (T1-2N0-1M0) HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis

Introduction: Although breast-conserving therapy (BCT) promises at least a similar survival rate for patients with early breast cancer compared with mastectomy, its efficacy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive tumors remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted this study to explore differential effects of BCT and mastectomy on survival outcomes of patients with early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer. Methods: Data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, and basic characteristics of patients who received either BCT or mastectomy were balanced using propensity score matching (PSM). Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank testing, and Cox proportional hazards regression were performed. Results: In total, 20,277 patients were diagnosed with T1-2N0-1M0 HER2-positive breast cancer between 2010 and 2015. After PSM, 6,185 pairs of patients were enrolled for further analysis. Compared with those undergoing mastectomy, patients receiving BCT had superior overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55–0.73; p < 0.001) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) (HR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.48–0.71; p < 0.001). The subgroup analyses revealed that survival outcomes (OS and BCSS) of BCT were better than those of mastectomy among estrogen receptor (ER)+/progesterone receptor (PR)+/HER2+, ER+/PR−/HER2+, and ER−/PR−/HER2+ subtypes (p < 0.05 for all); however, patients with ER−/PR+/HER2+ subtypes who underwent BCT had similar OS and BCSS (p > 0.05 for both) to those treated with mastectomy. Discussion/Conclusion: Despite the aggressiveness of the disease, we found that BCT may confer better long-term survival than mastectomy for patients with T1-2N0-1M0 HER2-positive breast cancer, particularly for those with ER+/PR+/HER2+, ER+/PR−/HER2+, and ER−/PR−/HER2+ subtypes. In addition, our study provided insights into the clinical applications of BCT. However, this retrospective study has introduced several inevitable limitations, and further prospective research is warranted to verify these conclusions.
Expression of cAMP and oxidative phosphorylation‐related lncRNAs in non‐functioning pituitary adenomas

Non‐functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are benign lesions in the pituitary gland with important morbidities. In this study, based on a bioinformatics analysis to identify the genes and pathways that display significant differences between tumour tissues of NFPA patients and normal pituitary tissues, we selected lncRNAs related to cAMP and oxidative phosphorylation pathways, namely DNAH17‐AS1, LINC00706 and SLC25A5‐AS1. Then, we aimed to investigate by means of RT‐qPCR, the expression of these lncRNAs along with two other lncRNAs, namely CADM3‐AS1 and MIR7‐3HG in NFPA samples compared to that in healthy tissues adjacent to the tumours. Transcripts of DNAH17‐AS1, LINC00706 and MIR7‐3HG were lower in NFPA samples compared with controls (Expression ratios (95% CI) = 0.43 (0.23–0.78), 0.58 (0.35–0.96) and 0.58 (0.35–0.96); p‐values = 0.009, 0.025 and 0.036, respectively). AUC values of ROC curves of DNAH17‐AS1, LINC00706 and MIR7‐3HG were 0.62, 0.61 and 0.62, respectively. Expression of CADM3‐AS1 was associated with the gender of patients in a way that it was lower in female patients (p‐value = 0.04). The level of SLC25A5‐AS1 was lower in subjects with disease duration lower than 1 year (p‐value = 0.048). We showed dysregulation of three lncRNAs in NFPA tissues and potentiates these lncRNAs as important regulators of pathogenic events in these tumours.
Measurements of turbulent fluctuations and Reynolds stresses in a tidal current

Observations have been made of u and w, the horizontal and vertical components of turbulent velocity, in a tidal current, at heights of 50 to 175 cm above the bottom. The measuring instrument was an electromagnetic flowmeter, in which the magnetic field was produced by a. c. at 50 c/s and the p. d. induced in the flowing water was measured by two pairs of electrodes. The measuring head of the instrument was 10 cm in diameter, and two such heads were mounted on a tripod which was laid on the sea bed. The observations were made off Red Wharf Bay, Anglesey, in depths of 12 to 22 m, on a fairly flat bottom consisting mainly of firm sand. For mean currents, U, in the range 25 to 50 cm/s, the r. m. s. values of u were of the order of 10% of U, while those of w were about 6% of U. On a number of records, u and w were recorded simultaneously, and from these the Reynolds stress —ρ[uw] was evaluated. At 75 cm above the bottom the values of stress were from 2 to 4 dyn/cm2, the corresponding coefficient of correlation between u and w averaging —0·4. Auto-correlation curves and spectrum functions computed from these records showed that u contained considerably more energy in the fluctuations of longer period than w did. Other records were of traces of u or of w at two different heights and showed the smaller vertical scale of w compared with that of u. In the case of u the vertical scale appears to be only about one-third of the scale in the direction of the mean flow.
Frequency of dysnatremia in patients admitted with COVID-19 infection and its prognostic implication

Objective We aimed to investigate the frequency of dysnatremia among patients admitted with COVID-19 infection and its association with inpatient mortality. Methods This retrospective longitudinal study was conducted for 12 weeks. Serum sodium levels were recorded at admission, during the hospital stay, and within 48 hours of discharge or death. Logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of mortality. Results This study included 574 patients (69.7% men, age 55.6 ± 14.4 years). On admission, mean sodium was 135.9 ± 6.4 mEq/L; 39% had hyponatremia and 4.7% had hypernatremia. During admission, hypernatremia increased to 18.8%; maximum sodium in patients who survived was 140.6 ± 5.0 mEq/L versus 151.0 ± 9.9 mEq/L in those who died. The final sodium was 145.4 ± 9.4 mEq/L in patients who died versus 137.7 ± 3.7 mEq/L in those who survived (odds ratio [OR]: 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–1.32). Other predictors of mortality included ischemic heart disease (OR: 3.65, 95% CI: 1.39–9.61), acute kidney injury (OR: 6.07, 95% CI: 2.39–15.42), invasive ventilation (OR: 28.4, 95% CI: 11.14–72.40), and length of stay (OR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86–0.97). Conclusion Hypernatremia was frequently observed in patients who were critically ill and died and may be considered a predictor of mortality in COVID-19 infection.
Parents' experiences of parenting a child with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities in France: A qualitative study

Abstract Introduction Parents of persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) play a major and often lifelong role in the care and support of their child. A better understanding of parents' perspectives regarding their experiences of parenting their child with PIMD is essential to support them more effectively. Although this topic has been explored extensively in Anglo‐Saxon and Northern European countries, little is known about the experience of these parents in a highly institutionalized context such as that in France. Objective We explored parents' experiences of the activities they performed to care for their child with PIMD (namely, the ‘parenting work’) in the French context. Method Qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted by telephone with 34 parents of persons with PIMD aged 8–35. The resulting data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results The analysis highlighted the diversity of activities performed by parents as well as the influence of context on the forms of this parenting work. Five themes were developed: (1) navigating the challenges of obtaining medical recognition; (2) negotiating a concealed domain and becoming an expert; (3) unfolding medical and medicosocial care management; (4) navigating the challenges of daily living and (5) shaping one's child's possibilities. Conclusion This study offers a better understanding of the challenges, levers and expectations of parents of children with PIMD in France. Contextual factors such as the lack of knowledge of PIMD among health professionals, access to knowledge and know‐how associated with care management, the administrative complexity of access to care and equipment, institutional issues (e.g., professional turnover) and societal ableism (e.g., access to infrastructures, interpersonal discrimination) shape the work parents perform to support their child's needs. It is necessary to consider contextual aspects to better support these parents and their children. Suggestions for applications are provided in the discussion. Patient or Public Contribution One of the researchers, a parent of a child with PIMD, supported the research design and provided feedback on the study's procedures and manuscript.
Correlation and asynchronization of electroencephalogram and cerebral blood flow in active and passive stimulations

Objective. Real-time brain monitoring is of importance for intraoperative surgeries and intensive care unit, in order to take timely clinical interventions. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a conventional technique for recording neural excitations (e.g. brain waves) in the cerebral cortex, and near infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is an emerging technique that can directly measure the cerebral blood flow (CBF) in microvasculature system. Currently, the relationship between the neural activities and cerebral hemodynamics that reflects the vasoconstriction features of cerebral vessels, especially under both active and passive situation, has not been elucidated thus far, which triggers the motivation of this study. Approach. We used the verbal fluency test as an active cognitive stimulus to the brain, and we manipulated blood pressure changes as a passive challenge to the brain. Under both protocols, the CBF and EEG responses were longitudinally monitored throughout the cerebral stimulus. Power spectrum approaches were applied the EEG signals and compared with CBF responses. Main results. The results show that the EEG response was significantly faster and larger in amplitude during the active cognitive task, when compared to the CBF, but with larger individual variability. By contrast, CBF is more sensitive when response to the passive task, and with better signal stability. We also found that there was a correlation (p < 0.01, r = 0.866, R 2 = 0.751) between CBF and EEG in initial response during the active task, but no significant correlation (p > 0.05) was found during the passive task. The similar relations were also found between regional brain waves and blood flow. Significance. The asynchronization and correlation between the two measurements indicates the necessity of monitoring both variables for comprehensive understanding of cerebral physiology. Deep exploration of their relationships provides promising implications for DCS/EEG integration in the diagnosis of various neurovascular and psychiatric diseases.
Systém hodnocení a sebehodnocení žáků, Zkušenosti z Českérepubliky i Evropských škol

Publikace popisuje teoreticka východiska pro hodnoceni a sebehodnoceni žaků a system komplexniho pojeti rozvijejiciho hodnoceni, který je výsledkem dlouhodobe výzkumne reflexe. Publikace poskytuje rovněž uvodni informace o Evropských skolach a jejich systemu hodnoceni. V přiloze c. 32 je jeden z výsledků dvouleteho výzkumu, zaměřeneho na analýzu ucitelova pojeti hodnotici skaly v Evropských skolach. Velký důraz je kladen na sebehodnoceni žaků a jejich osobnostni rozvoj, na vedeni žaků k odpovědnosti za sve uceni. Hodnoceni je popsano v cele sve komplexnosti: funkce, formy, jazyk hodnoceni; hodnoceni kompetenci, kriteria hodnoceni.
Efficacy and safety of remibrutinib, a selective potent oral BTK inhibitor, in Sjögren’s syndrome: results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial

Objectives To evaluate the safety and efficacy of remibrutinib in patients with moderate-to-severe Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS) in a phase 2 randomised, double-blind trial (NCT04035668; LOUiSSE (LOU064 in Sjögren’s Syndrome) study). Methods Eligible patients fulfilling 2016 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) criteria for SjS, positive for anti-Ro/Sjögren’s syndrome-related antigen A antibodies, with moderate-to-severe disease activity (EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) (based on weighted score) ≥ 5, EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI) ≥ 5) received remibrutinib (100 mg) either one or two times a day, or placebo for the 24-week study treatment period. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in ESSDAI at week 24. Key secondary endpoints included change from baseline in ESSDAI over time, change from baseline in ESSPRI over time and safety of remibrutinib in SjS. Key exploratory endpoints included changes to the salivary flow rate, soluble biomarkers, blood transcriptomic and serum proteomic profiles. Results Remibrutinib significantly improved ESSDAI score in patients with SjS over 24 weeks compared with placebo (ΔESSDAI −2.86, p=0.003). No treatment effect was observed in ESSPRI score (ΔESSPRI 0.17, p=0.663). There was a trend towards improvement of unstimulated salivary flow with remibrutinib compared with placebo over 24 weeks. Remibrutinib had a favourable safety profile in patients with SjS over 24 weeks. Remibrutinib induced significant changes in gene expression in blood, and serum protein abundance compared with placebo. Conclusions These data show preliminary efficacy and favourable safety of remibrutinib in a phase 2 trial for SjS.