Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dilemas éticos en enfermería desde una reflexión multicéntrica

Objetivo: Describir la percepción de enfermería respecto a los dilemas éticos y bioéticos en el ejercicio de su profesión. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, de tipo etnográfico, y con paradigma sociocrítico. La técnica empleada fue la observación participante. Para obtener la información, se aplicó también una entrevista semiestructurada, orientada por preguntas abiertas, las cuales se realizaron mediadas por la virtualidad, fueron grabadas previo consentimiento informado y transcriptas para su análisis de discurso. Resultados: Luego del análisis de los discursos, emergieron 5 categorías que fueron: Representaciones éticas percibidas por los profesionales de enfermería; Comités de Bioética y el posicionamiento de enfermería; Dilemas éticos y bioéticos que persisten en el tiempo; Retos que representan los dilemas éticos en la humanización para enfermería y La persona detrás de la profesión. Todas con sus respectivas subcategorías y códigos. Conclusiones: Hay una realidad común sobre los dilemas éticos más frecuentes que enfrenta enfermería desde su formación hasta el ejercicio profesional. Así mismo, existen diferencias según el marco legal de cada país o situación en particular. Es importante la participación de enfermería en los Comités de Bioética, ya que aporta significativamente a los debates internos a la hora de abordar las problemáticas o dilemas éticos, orientando el actuar del equipo de salud, ocupando distintos cargos desde consultoría hasta la presidencia de estos equipos interdisciplinarios. Palabras clave: Ética; Bioética; Enfermería; Comités de Ética
Predictive models for musculoskeletal injury risk: why statistical approach makes all the difference

Objective Compare performance between an injury prediction model categorising predictors and one that did not and compare a selection of predictors based on univariate significance versus assessing non-linear relationships. Methods Validation and replication of a previously developed injury prediction model in a cohort of 1466 service members followed for 1 year after physical performance, medical history and sociodemographic variables were collected. The original model dichotomised 11 predictors. The second model (M2) kept predictors continuous but assumed linearity and the third model (M3) conducted non-linear transformations. The fourth model (M4) chose predictors the proper way (clinical reasoning and supporting evidence). Model performance was assessed with R2, calibration in the large, calibration slope and discrimination. Decision curve analyses were performed with risk thresholds from 0.25 to 0.50. Results 478 personnel sustained an injury. The original model demonstrated poorer R2 (original:0.07; M2:0.63; M3:0.64; M4:0.08), calibration in the large (original:−0.11 (95% CI −0.22 to 0.00); M2: −0.02 (95% CI −0.17 to 0.13); M3:0.03 (95% CI −0.13 to 0.19); M4: −0.13 (95% CI −0.25 to –0.01)), calibration slope (original:0.84 (95% CI 0.61 to 1.07); M2:0.97 (95% CI 0.86 to 1.08); M3:0.90 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.05); M4: 081 (95% CI 0.59 to 1.03) and discrimination (original:0.63 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.66); M2:0.90 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.92); M3:0.90 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.92); M4: 0.63 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.66)). At 0.25 injury risk, M2 and M3 demonstrated a 0.43 net benefit improvement. At 0.50 injury risk, M2 and M3 demonstrated a 0.33 net benefit improvement compared with the original model. Conclusion Model performance was substantially worse in the models with dichotomised variables. This highlights the need to follow established recommendations when developing prediction models.
Bithreshold neurons learning

Artificial neural networks on the base of neural-like computational units have many applications and are intensively used for solving numerous important practical tasks [1]. It should be mentioned that many different models of neuron has been proposed. The one of more important features of these units is the activation function determining their outputs. Historically, the first proposed units had activation functions of threshold type according to de­ veloped models of brain cells. Using this type of activation Rosen­ blatt [2] designed the incremental consistent algorithm for the perceptron learning. The simple proof of it convergence was given by Novikoff [3]. Then Minsky and Papert [4] proved that Rosenblatt's algorithm is inefficient in general case. Peled and Simeone were the first to produce a polynomial time algorithm for the threshold recognition problem [5]. They proposed linear programming ap­ proach based on polynomial-time Karmarker’s algorithm. It is well known that the threshold unit is incapable solving many rather easy recognition tasks [4] (e. g. the famous XORproblem). The using of neurons with more complicated activation functions allowed surmounting this constrain. Historically, the one of the first designed advanced device were multi-threshold neural units [6]. But the efficient learning techniques for multi-threshold neuron based neural networks aren’t developed even in the case of one node. The present paper is devoted to the study of simplest case of multi-threshold units, namely bithreshold neurons. The paper con­ sists of four sections. In the second section we focus our attention on complexity of learning of bithreshold neurons. Our main result is that the learning of bithreshold neurons is NP-complete. In the third section we describe the type of decision lists which repre­ sents bithreshold Boolean functions. This question is important in view of the known polynomial learning methods for decision lists [7-9]. Thereby we can separate the subclass of rather “well learnable” bithreshold Boolean functions. In the last section we consider the learning of feedforward neural nets on the base of “smoothed” bithreshold neurons.
A search for the Higgs Boson in H ->ZZ ->4l mode

A search for a Higgs boson in the decay channel H → ZZ(∗) with each Z boson decaying to an electron or muon pair is presented using pp collisions from the LHC at √ s = 7 TeV. The data analyzed correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.13± 0.07 fb−1 recorded by the CMS detector in 2010 and 2011. The search covers Higgs boson mass (mH) hypotheses of 110 < mH < 600 GeV/c . Fifteen events are observed, while 14.4± 0.6 events are expected from standard model background processes. Upper limits at 95% CL on the cross section×branching ratio for a Higgs boson with standard model-like decays exclude cross sections from about one to two times the expected standard model cross section for masses in the range 180 < mH < 420 GeV/c . Reinterpreted in the context of the standard model with four fermion families a Higgs boson with a mass in the range 138 -162 GeV/c and 178-502 GeV/c is excluded at 95% CL.
Marine Ducted Thruster Underwater Radiated Noise Control Through Leading-Edge Tubercle Blade Modifications - a Numerical Hybrid Approach

Anthropogenic-related underwater radiated noise (URN) has a detrimental impact on marine creatures who utilise the acoustic environment to perform basic living functions. Ambient ocean noise levels are increasing due to the growth of global shipping activity, where the propeller under cavitating conditions typically dominates the URN signature of marine vessels. Therefore, reducing cavitation severity and the subsequent URN is critical for future marine craft. This paper aims to assess the noise mitigation capability of LE tubercles on a benchmark Kaplan-type ducted propeller blade in cavitating conditions using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), detached eddy simulations (DES) are implemented to solve the hydrodynamic flow-field and the Schnerr-Sauer model is used to describe the cavitation behaviour. Both near and far-field noise is predicted within the hydroacoustic analysis. The Ffowcs-Williams Hawkings (FW-H) acoustic analogy was utilised to propagate the generated noise into the far-field. In summary, it was found that the LE tubercle modified ducted propeller blades could produce a noise reduction in the far-field at most test conditions considered to a maximum of 6dB overall average sound pressure level (OASPL). This is believed to be predominantly due to the introduction of the counter-rotating vortex pairs and subsequent alteration of the local pressure field over the blade suction side, which ultimately reduces the sheet cavitation severity over the blade surface by funnelling the cavitation behind the tubercle trough region.
Dimensioning Microgrids for Productive Use of Energy in the Global South—Considering Demand Side Flexibility to Reduce the Cost of Energy

Microgrids using renewable energy sources play an important role in providing universal electricity access in rural areas in the Global South. Current methods of system dimensioning rely on stochastic load profile modeling, which has limitations in microgrids with industrial consumers due to high demand side uncertainties. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach considering demand side management during system design which we implemented using a genetic scheduling algorithm. The developed method is applied to a test case system on Idjwi Island, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), which is to be powered by a micro hydropower plant (MHP) in combination with a photovoltaic (PV) system and a battery energy storage system (BESS). The results show that the increased flexibility of industrial consumers can significantly reduce the cost of electricity. Most importantly, the presented method quantifies the trade-off between electricity cost and consumer flexibility. This gives local stakeholders the ability to make an informed compromise and design an off-grid system that covers their electricity needs in the most cost-efficient way.
Study on the Effect of Non-Symmetrical Current Distribution Controlled by Capacitor Placement in Radio-Frequency Coils for 7T MRI

In this paper, we present a study on the effects of varying the position of a single tuning capacitor in a circular loop coil as a mechanism to control and produce non-symmetric current distribution, such that could be used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) operating at ultra-high frequency (UHF). This study aims to demonstrate that the position of the tuning capacitor of a circular loop could improve the coupling between adjacent coils, used to optimize transmission field uniformity or intensity, improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or specific absorption rate (SAR). A typical loop coil used in MRI consists of symmetrically distributed capacitors along the coil; this design is able to produce uniform current distributions inside the coil. However, in UHF conditions, the magnetic flux density (|B1+|) field produced by this setup may exhibit field distortion, requiring a method of controlling the field distribution and improving the field intensity of the circular loop coil. The control mechanism investigated in this study is based on the position of the tuning capacitor in the circular coil, the capacitor position was varied from 15° to 345°, in steps of 15°. We performed electromagnetic (EM) simulations, fabricated the coils, and performed MRI experiments at 7T, with each of the coils with capacitor position from 15° to 345° to determine the effects on field intensity, coupling between adjacent coils, SAR, and applications for field uniformity optimization. For the case of free space, a coil with capacitor position at 15° showed higher field intensity compared to the reference coil; while an improved decoupling was achieved when a coil had the capacitor placed at 180° and the other coil at 90°; in a similar matter, we discuss the results for SAR, field uniformity and an application with an array coil for the spinal cord.
Optical and near‐infrared velocity dispersions of early‐type galaxies★

We have carried out a systematic, homogeneous comparison of optical and near-infrared dispersions. Our magnitude-limited sample of early-type galaxies (ETGs) in the Fornax cluster comprises 11 elliptical and 11 lenticular galaxies more luminous than MB =− 17. We were able to determine the central dispersions based on the near-infrared CO absorption band head for 19 of those galaxies. The velocity dispersions range from less than 70 km s −1 to over 400 km s −1 . We compare our near-infrared velocity dispersions to the optical dispersions measured by Kuntschner. Contrary to previous studies, we find a one-to-one correspondence with a median fractional difference of 6.4 per cent. We examine the correlation between the relative dust mass and the fractional difference of the velocity dispersions, but find no significant trend. Our results suggest that early-type galaxies are largely optically thin, which is consistent with recent Herschel observations.
Performance of the ALICE VZERO system

A BSTRACT : ALICE is an LHC experiment devoted to the study of strongly interacting matter in proton-proton, proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at ultra-relativistic energies. The ALICE VZERO system, made of two scintillator arrays at asymmetric positions, one on each side of the interaction point, plays a central role in ALICE. In addition to its core function as a trigger source, the VZERO system is used to monitor LHC beam conditions, to reject beam-induced backgrounds and to measure basic physics quantities such as luminosity, particle multiplicity, centrality and event plane direction in nucleus-nucleus collisions. After describing the VZERO system, this publication presents its performance over more than four years of operation at the LHC.
Triple kill: DDR inhibitors, radiotherapy and immunotherapy leave cancer cells with no escape

Radiotherapy (RT) has been widely used in the clinical treatment of cancers, but radiotherapy resistance (RR) leads to RT failure, tumor recurrence and metastasis. Many studies have been performed on the potential mechanisms behind RR, and a strong link has been found between RR and DNA damage. RT-induced DNA damage triggers a protective mechanism called the DNA damage response (DDR). DDR consists of several aspects, including the detection of DNA damage and induction of cell cycle checkpoint, DNA repair, and eventual induction of cell death. A large number of studies have shown that DDR inhibition leads to significantly enhanced sensitivity of cancer cells to RT. DDR may be an effective target for radio- and chemo-sensitization during cancer treatment. Therefore, many inhibitors of important enzymes involved in the DDR have been developed, such as PARP inhibitors, DNA-PK inhibitors, and ATM/ATR inhibitors. In addition, DNA damage also triggers the cGAS-STING signaling pathway and the ATM/ATR (CHK)/STAT pathway to induce immune infiltration and T-cell activation. This review discusses the effects of DDR pathway dysregulation on the tumor response to RT and the strategies for targeting these pathways to increase tumor susceptibility to RT. Finally, the potential for the combination treatment of radiation, DDR inhibition, and immunotherapy is described.
Phenomenology of excited doubly charged heavy leptons at LHC

We consider the production at the LHC of exotic composite leptons of charge Q = +2e. Such states are allowed in composite models which contain extended isospin multiplets (IW = 1 and IW = 3/2). These doubly charged leptons couple with Standard Model [SM] fermions via gauge interactions, thereby delineating and restricting their possible decay channels. We discuss the production cross section at the LHC of L ++ (pp → L ++ , l − ) and concentrate on the leptonic signature deriving from the cascade decays L ++ → W + l + → l + l + νl i.e. pp → l − (l + l + ) νl showing that the invariant mass distribution of the like-sign dilepton has a sharp end point corresponding to excited lepton mass m ∗ . We find that the √ s = 7 TeV run is sensitive at the 3-sigma (5-sigma) level to a mass of the order of 600 GeV if L = 10 fb −1 (L = 20 fb −1 ). The √ s = 14 TeV run can reach a sensitivity at 3-sigma (5-sigma) level up to m ∗ = 1 TeV for L = 20 fb −1 (L=60 fb −1 ).
One Bubble to Rule Them All

We apply the principles of quantum mechanics and quantum cosmology to predict probabilities for our local observations of a universe undergoing false vacuum eternal inflation. At a sufficiently fine-grained level, histories of the universe describe a mosaic of bubble universes separated by inflationary regions. We show that predictions for local observations can be obtained directly from sets of much coarser grained histories which only follow a single bubble. These coarse-grained histories contain neither information about our unobservable location nor about the unobservable large-scale structure outside our own bubble. Applied to a landscape of false vacua in the no-boundary state we predict our local universe emerged from the dominant decay channel of the lowest energy false vacuum. We compare and contrast this framework for prediction based on quantum cosmology with traditional approaches to the measure problem in cosmology.
Cosmology from weak lensing of CMB

The weak lensing effect on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) induces distortions in spatial pattern of CMB anisotropies, and statistical properties of CMB anisotropies become a weakly non-Gaussian field. We first summarize the weak lensing effect on the CMB (CMB lensing) in the presence of scalar, vector and tensor perturbations. Then we focus on the lensing effect on CMB statistics and methods to estimate deflection angles and their power spectrum. We end by summarizing recent observational progress and future prospect.
Advancements in Milestoning I: Accelerated Milestoning via "Wind" Assisted Re-weighted Milestoning (WARM)

The Milestoning algorithm created by Ron Elber et al. is a method for determining the time scale of processes too complex to be studied using brute force simulation methods. The fundamental objects implemented in the Milestoning algorithm are the first passage time distributions between adjacent protein configuration milestones. The method proposed herein aims to further enhance Milestoning by employing an artificial applied force, akin to wind, which pushes the trajectories from their initial states to their final states, and subsequently re-weights the trajectories to yield the true first passage time distributions in a fraction of the computation time required for unassisted calculations. The re-weighting method, rooted in Ito's stochastic calculus, was adapted from previous work by Andricioaei et al. The theoretical basis for this technique and numerical examples are presented.
The fine-grained uncertainty relation for mutually unbaised bases

We investigate the fine-grained uncertainty relations for qubit system by measurements corresponding to two and three spin operators. Then we derive the general bound for a combination of two probabilities of projective measurements in mutually unbiased bases in $d$-dimensional Hilbert space ($d$ is prime). Those uncertainty inequalities can be applied to construct different thermodynamic cycles which all imply the second law of thermodynamics.
STUDY OF THE ELEMENT ABUNDANCES IN HD 140283: THE ABUNDANCE ROBUSTNESS OF THE WEAK r- AND MAIN r-PROCESS STARS

Many works have attempted to investigate the astrophysical origin of the neutron-capture elements in the metal-poor star HD 140283. However, no definite conclusions have been drawn. In this work, using the abundance-decomposed approach, we find that the metal-poor star HD 140283 is a weak r-process star. Although this star is a weak r-process star, its Ba abundance mainly originates from the main r-process. This is the reason that the ratio [Ba/Eu] = − 0.58 ± 0.15 ? > for HD 140283 is close to the ratio of the main r-process. Based on the comparison of the abundances in the six-weak r-process stars, we find that their element abundances possess a robust nature. On the other hand, we find that the robust nature of the abundance of the extreme main r-process stars ([r/Fe] ≥ ? > 1.5) can be extended to the lighter neutron-capture elements. Furthermore, the abundance characteristics of the weak r-process and main r-process are investigated. The abundance robustness of the two category r-process stars could be used as the constraint of the r-process theory and could be used to investigate the astrophysical origins of the elements in the metal-poor stars and population I stars.
Self-healing of Gaussian and Bessel beams: a critical comparison

Contrarily to a common belief, any beam of light possesses to a some extent the ability to "reconstruct itself" after hitting an obstacle. The celebrated Arago spot phenomenon is nothing but a manifestation of this property. In this work we analyze the self-healing mechanism from both a mathematical and a physical point of view, eventually finding a new expression for the minimum reconstruction distance, which is valid for \emph{any} kind of beam, including Gaussian ones. Finally, a witness function that quantify the self-reconstruction capability of a beam is proposed and tested. The results presented here help clarifying the physics underlying self-healing mechanism in optical beams.
Lattice QCD for Cosmology

We present a full result for the equation of state (EoS) in 2+1+1 (up/down, strange and charm quarks are present) flavour lattice QCD. We extend this analysis and give the equation of state in 2+1+1+1 flavour QCD. In order to describe the evolution of the universe from temperatures several hundreds of GeV to several tens of MeV we also include the known effects of the electroweak theory and give the effective degree of freedoms. As another application of lattice QCD we calculate the topological susceptibility (chi) up to the few GeV temperature region. These two results, EoS and chi, can be used to predict the dark matter axion's mass in the post-inflation scenario and/or give the relationship between the axion's mass and the universal axionic angle, which acts as a initial condition of our universe.
Ventricular segmentation and modeling using topological watershed transformation and harmonic state model

This paper proposes an adapted ventricular segmentation method based on topological watershed transform. Segmentation will allow spatio‐temporal modeling of trajectories of the different points belonging to the borders of the ventricle using a harmonic motion model that is able to describe such motion over the entire cardiac cycle. In addition, extraction of the adopted canonical state vector and the corresponding state equations guarantees an optimal efficacy and a gradual transition from order n to order n + 1. To validate the proposed approach, an intern‐image base was used. Our results show a promising ability to discern whether subjects are healthy or pathological with an 80% success rate.
The Government as Institutional Entrepreneur in Corporate Governance Reform

Governments around the world have become prolific issuers of soft law regulation in the form of corporate governance codes. However, the strategies that governments pursue to ensure the diffusion of the codes have remained unexplored in the literature. Drawing from institutional and sociopolitical perspectives, I hypothesize that governments pursue a combination of different intervention strategies to bring the corporate governance arrangements of firms in line with the issued code. These strategies focus on the mobilization of material resources, the dissemination of rationales and legitimating accounts for corporate governance change, interventions in social structure and the establishment of new social relations. I test my hypotheses in the context of the issuance of the national corporate governance code in Germany and find general support for my hypotheses.