Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-sustained activity of low firing rate in balanced networks.

Self-sustained activity in the brain is observed in the absence of external stimuli and contributes to signal propagation, neural coding, and dynamic stability. It also plays an important role in cognitive processes. In this work, by means of studying intracellular recordings from CA1 neurons in rats and results from numerical simulations, we demonstrate that self-sustained activity presents high variability of patterns, such as low neural firing rates and activity in the form of small-bursts in distinct neurons. In our numerical simulations, we consider random networks composed of coupled, adaptive exponential integrate-and-fire neurons. The neural dynamics in the random networks simulate regular spiking (excitatory) and fast-spiking (inhibitory) neurons. We show that both the connection probability and network size are fundamental properties that give rise to self-sustained activity in qualitative agreement with our experimental results. Finally, we provide a more detailed description of the self-sustained activity in terms of lifetime distributions, synaptic conductances, and synaptic currents.
Logical modelling and analysis of cellular regulatory networks with GINsim 2 . 9 . 3

The logical formalism is well adapted to model large biological networks, for which detailed kinetic data are scarce. This tutorial focuses on a well-established qualitative (logical) framework for the modelling of regulatory networks. Relying on GINsim, a software implementing this logical formalism, we guide the reader step by step towards the definition and the analysis of a simple model of the mammalian p53-Mdm2 network.
A Survey on Software Birthmark based Theft Detection of JavaScript Programs using Agglomerative Clustering and Frequent Subgraph Mining

JavaScript programs are always under the threat of being copied. Most browsers provide the way to access the code of JavaScript program so it is easily obtainable. Hence it is mandatory to protect the software. Watermarking and code obfuscation are the techniques used to safeguard the software. A Watermark cannot completely protect the code by getting stolen because a potential attacker can easily remove it. Code obfuscation cannot avoid code from being stolen; it only prevents others by understanding the logic of the program. A birthmark of the JavaScript program is the unique characteristics that it possesses. Heap Graph is used to depict the behaviour of a program as how it calls other objects so as to fulfil the desired functionality. It requires efficient merging of heap graphs generated at various points of time. For that agglomerative clustering can be used. Frequent Subgraph Mining is used to find the subgraph that represents the unique behaviour of the program. At the end, the subgraph of genuine program is searched in the graph of the suspected program. Our aim is to survey about the system that can protect the JavaScript programs from being stolen.
CUNY Academic Works CUNY Academic Works

This paper describes the design and the implementation of the TOAM (Tree-Oriented Abstract Machine) for Prolog and its extensions. The TOAM, as a Prolog machine, is based on the famous WAM model but diﬀers from it in argument passing, stack management, and clause indexing. The original TOAM for Prolog was designed over ten years ago and the architecture was published in ACM TOPLAS in 1996 [26]. Since then, the machine has been extended to support several extensions of Prolog, including even-driven action rules, constraint solving, and tabling. The stack management scheme of the TOAM proved to be amenable to these extensions. The TOAM is employed in B-Prolog, a complete and eﬃcient CLP system. The ﬁnite-domain constraint solver and the tabling sys-tem in B-Prolog represent the state-of-the-art implementations. This paper reviews the evolution of the TOAM as a Prolog machine, describes the changes needed to support the extensions, and reports the result of a comparison of B-Prolog and many other systems.
Contours of the Czech Environmental Movement : a comparative analysis of Hnuti Duha ( Rainbow Movement ) and Jihoceske matký ( South Bohemian Mothers )

Introduction As with most aspects of contemporary political activity, environmental activism is increasingly analysed from the conceptual perspective of globalisation [Held et al, 1999; Lipschutz, 1996; Wapner, 1995; Rootes, 1999]. The globalisation hypothesis conjures an image of environmental organisations across the world, through increased contact and co-operation and in response to the dynamics of global capitalism, converging towards similar organisational logic and repertoires of action [Princen and Finger, 1994; Lipschutz, 1996]. In some accounts, differences in political context, resource availability and the individual strategies of activists are eclipsed by the apparent emergence of a "world civic politics" of which environmental activism forms a key part [Wapner, 1995, 1996]. It is argued that the transboundary nature of environmental protection particularly lends itself to such global transformation; the Internet and the increasingly global nature of economic and political activity is propelling national EMOs along a continuum towards increased homogeneity with regard to strategies, organisational structure and an increasing "global" issue focus [Lipschutz, 1996]. Yet a less deterministic interpretation of globalisation that acknowledges the uncertainties of the global impact, the asymmetries of political and economic power, and the importance of the national context in terms of resource availability and political opportunity structures, does offer insight into why certain EMOs in transitional states with established international links have developed quite differently from their less ‘global’ counterparts [Held et al, 1999].
Understanding ‘the community’ before community archaeology: A case study from Sudan

ABSTRACT Since 2014, UCL Qatar has undertaken a diverse programme of community engagement as part of an archaeometallurgical research project at the Royal City of Meroe, Sudan. We present initial analyses of anonymous questionnaires conducted as part of this programme. We designed the questionnaires to evaluate qualitatively residents’ knowledge about, outlook on, and experience with local archaeological sites, to generate an understanding of the social fabric within which archaeology is situated. Additionally, we collected quantitative demographic data to assess critically the local community composition. Statistical analyses of the questionnaire have highlighted the heterogeneous nature of the local communities, and how their often-divergent knowledge, outlooks, and experiences with archaeology are influenced by numerous social, economic, historical, and political factors: an idealized audience for ‘community archaeology’ does not exist in our context. Nevertheless, community engagement, leading to community archaeology, should form an integral part of an archaeological research programme from inception to completion.
CoSMEd 2013 Penang, Malaysia

The use of technology in the pedagogical process is growing at phenomenal rate, due to the vast availability of gadgets. Further, it is a challenging task for teachers to engage their students without technology integration, due to its popularity amongst their students. As a result, educationists see the urgent need of technology integration in students’ mathematical activities. Therefore, the purpose of this experimental study was to identify whether GeoGebra enhances students’ understanding of the concept of circles. Fifty-three grade nine students participated in this study and students were provided with six activities using GeoGebra to study the concept of circles. As a part of the quantitative analysis, survey questionnaires were distributed to the students and the results interpreted statistically. The results of this study showed that there existed a significance difference between the experimental and control group of students in understanding and analysing the concept of circles.
CommandTalk: A Spoken-Language Interface for Battle(cid:12)eld Simulations

CommandTalk is a spoken-language interface to battle(cid:12)eld simulations that allows the use of ordinary spoken English to create forces and control measures, assign missions to forces, modify missions during execution, and control simulation system functions. CommandTalk combines a number of separate components integrated through the use of the Open Agent Architecture, including the Nuance speech recognition system, the Gemini natural-language parsing and interpretation system, a contextual-interpretation module, a \push-to-talk" agent, the ModSAF battle(cid:12)eld simulator, and \Start-It" (a graphical processing-spawning agent). CommandTalk is installed at a number of Government and contractor sites, including NRaD and the Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center. It is currently being extended to provide exercise-time control of all simulated U.S. forces in DARPA’s STOW 97 demonstration.
Scholarly Commons at Boston University School of Law Scholarly Commons at Boston University School of Law

: Industry concentration has been rising in the US since 1980. Firm operating margins have also been rising. Are these signs of declining competition that call for a new antitrust policy? This paper explores the role of proprietary information technology systems (IT), which could increase industry concentration and margins by raising the productivity of top firms relative to others. Using instrumental variable estimates, this paper finds that IT system use is strongly associated with the level and growth of industry concentration and firm operating margins. The paper also finds that IT system use is associated with relatively larger establishment size and labor productivity for the top four firms in each industry. Successful IT systems appear to play a major role in the recent increases in industry concentration and in profit margins, moreso than a general decline in competition.
VolumeViewer: An Interactive Tool for Fitting Surfaces to Volume VolumeViewer: An Interactive Tool for Fitting Surfaces to Volume Data Data

D Low Recent advances in surface reconstruction algorithms allow surfaces to be built from contours lying on non-parallel planes. Such algorithms allow users to construct surfaces of similar quality more efficiently by using a small set of oblique contours, rather than many parallel contours. However, current medical imaging systems do not provide tools for sketching contours on oblique planes. In this paper, we take the first steps towards bridging the gap between the new surface reconstruction technologies and putting those methods to use in practice. We develop a novel interface for modeling surfaces from volume data by allowing the user to. Read Read complete abstract on page 2. complete abstract
Conference Publications

[2] Karsten Lehmann and Rafael Peñaloza. The complexity of computing the behaviour of lattice automata on infinite trees. On the decidability status of fuzzy ALC with general concept inclusions. [4] Stefan Borgwardt and Rafael Peñaloza. Consistency reasoning in lattice-based fuzzy description logics. Context-dependent views to axioms and consequences of semantic web ontologies. Classifying software bug reports using methods from formal concept analysis.
University of Groningen Efficient 2-D Grayscale Morphological Transformations With Arbitrary Flat Structuring Elements

An efficient algorithm is presented for the computation of grayscale morphological operations with arbitrary 2-D flat structuring elements (S.E.). The required computing time is independent of the image content and of the number of gray levels used. It always outperforms the only existing comparable method, which was proposed in the work by Van Droogenbroeck and Talbot, by a factor between 3.5 and 35.1, depending on the image type and shape of S.E. So far, filtering using multiple S.E. s is always done by performing the operator for each size and shape of the S.E. separately. With our method, filtering with multiple S.E. s can be performed by a single operator for a slightly reduced computational cost per size or shape, which makes this method more suitable for use in granulometries, dilation-erosion scale spaces, and template matching using the hit-or-miss transform. The discussion focuses on erosions and dilations, from which other transformations can be derived.
of Retraction

— Work-in-progress(WIP) plays very important roles in mainaining regular production and minimizing production costs. In this sense, its roles, allocation methods and optimum amount are analyzed. Its optimization model is proposed, where the proportional & integral (PI) control algorithm is adopted with sensitivity options as constraints. Simulation results confirm that PI controllers can ensure stable work-in-progress under dynamic demands.
How to find pathways towards climate-smart agriculture - Views of farmers, educators and advisers in Finland

Pursuing climate-smart solutions at farms can be thought of as being part of strategic farm management in the context of sustainability and adapting to the future. When preparing for climate change, not only the environmental dimensions matter but all aspects of sustainability (ecological, economic, social and cultural) should be considered in tailoring climate-smart solutions for one’s own farm. Knowledge sharing, co-operation and long-term strategic thinking skills can support developing more sustainable and resilient agriculture and help farmers find and develop their own optimal climate-smart solutions that fit their development targets and pathways. Also many common practices of organic agriculture such as nutrient cycling and biological nitrogen fixation can help develop climate-smart agriculture.
Dynamical Precursors for Statistical Prediction of Stratospheric Sudden Warming Events

This work explores dynamical arguments for statistical prediction of stratospheric sudden warming events (SSWs). Based on climate model output, it focuses on two predictors, upward wave activity in the lower stratosphere and meridional potential vorticity gradient in the upper stratosphere, and detects large values of these predictors. Then it quantifies how many SSWs are preceded by predictor events and, inversely, how many events are followed by SSWs. This allows to compute conditional probabilities of future SSW occurrence. It is found that upward wave activity leads to important increases in SSW probability within the following 3 weeks but is less important thereafter. A weak potential vorticity gradient is associated with increased SSW probability at short lags and, perhaps more importantly, decreased SSW probability at long lags. Finally, when both predictors are considered in combination, the information gain is large on the weekly and small but significant on the intraseasonal time scale.
Ontology-based Integration and Retrieval over Multiple Quantities - What if "Ovate leaves and often blue to purple flowers"

Information integration and retrieval have been important problems for many information systems-it is hard to combine multidimensional and parallel information and make them available for application queries. In our previous work [12], we have shown how to use ontologies to facilitate integrating and querying parallel but single dimensional information. In this paper, we further investigate how to take advantage of ontologies to facilitate integrating parallel information and querying over multiple quantities.
Institute for . Research on .poverty Discussion Papers

Between 1973 and 1989, data from October Current Population Surveys show that annual dropout rates are successively higher in each of the last three years of high school, and men drop out more than women, especially at the twelfth-grade level. Dropout is least among whites and greatest among Hispanics, and it has declined among whites and blacks since the late 1970s. Social background favors school continuation among whites relative to blacks or Hispanics, but trends in
NONLINEAR MODEL IDENTIFICATION USING RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORKS : APPLICATION TO ACETONE CRACKING

This paper presents the formulation of a nonlinear model identification method based on recurrent neural network (RNN) Nonlinear AutoRegressive with eXternal input (NARX) model derived from dynamic feedforward neural network (DFNN) by adding feedback connection between output and input layers. The proposed identification method identifies the neural network (NN) model of an input-output system. The identified NN model is then validated using the following three different validation algorithms: (1) one-step ahead cross-validation of the training and test data predicted by the trained network; (2) Akaike’s final prediction error (AFPE) estimate of the average generalization error; and (3) 5-step prediction simulations. The algorithm has been applied to a non-isothermal non-adiabatic distributed chemical reactor (DCR) used for the cracking of acetone into ketone and methane. The neural network training and validation data are obtained from the open-loop simulation of a validated first principles DCR plant model. Simulation results show that the RNN models the reactor to a high degree of accuracy.
SMaTTS : Standard Malay Text to Speech System

(TTS) Synthesis System for Standard Malay, namely SMaTTS. The proposed system using sinusoidal method and some pre-recorded wave files in generating speech for the system. The use of phone database significantly decreases the amount of computer memory space used, thus making the system very light and embeddable. The overall system was comprised of two phases the Natural Language Processing (NLP) that consisted of the high-level processing of text analysis, phonetic analysis, text normalization and morphophonemic module. The module was designed specially for SM to overcome few problems in defining the rules for SM orthography system before it can be passed to the DSP module. The second phase is the Digital Signal Processing (DSP) which operated on the low-level process of the speech waveform generation. A developed an intelligible and adequately natural sounding formant-based speech synthesis system with a light and user-friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI) is introduced. A Standard Malay Language (SM) phoneme set and an inclusive set of phone database have been constructed carefully for this phone-based speech synthesizer. By applying the generative phonology, a comprehensive letter-to-sound (LTS) rules and a pronunciation lexicon have been invented for SMaTTS. As for the evaluation tests, a set of Diagnostic Rhyme Test (DRT) word list was compiled and several experiments have been performed to evaluate the quality of the synthesized speech by analyzing the Mean Opinion Score (MOS) obtained. The overall performance of the system as well as the room for improvements was thoroughly discussed.
AND DYNAMIC POWER MANAGEMENT TO REDUCE POWER CONSUMPTION WITHOUT AFFECTING PERFORMANCE . IBM POWER 5 CHIP : A DUAL-CORE MULTITHREADED

IBM introduced Power4-based systems in 2001. The Power4 design integrates two processor cores on a single chip, a shared second-level cache, a directory for an off-chip third-level cache, and the necessary circuitry to connect it to other Power4 chips to form a system. The dual-processor chip provides natural thread-level parallelism at the chip level. Additionally, the Power4’s out-of-order execution design lets the hardware bypass instructions whose operands are not yet available (perhaps because of an earlier cache miss during register loading) and execute other instructions whose operands are ready. Later, when the operands become available, the hardware can execute the skipped instruction. Coupled with a superscalar design, out-of-order execution results in higher instruction execution parallelism than otherwise possible. The Power5 is the next-generation chip in this line. One of our key goals in designing the Power5 was to maintain both binary and structural compatibility with existing Power4 systems to ensure that binaries continue executing properly and all application optimizations carry forward to newer systems. With that base requirement, we specified increased performance and other functional enhancements of server virtualization, reliability, availability, and serviceability at both chip and system levels. In this article, we describe the approach we used to improve chip-level performance.
IBM P OWER 5 C HIP : A D UAL -C ORE M ULTITHREADED P ROCESSOR

IBM introduced Power4-based systems in 2001. The Power4 design integrates two processor cores on a single chip, a shared second-level cache, a directory for an off-chip third-level cache, and the necessary circuitry to connect it to other Power4 chips to form a system. The dual-processor chip provides natural thread-level parallelism at the chip level. Additionally, the Power4’s out-of-order execution design lets the hardware bypass instructions whose operands are not yet available (perhaps because of an earlier cache miss during register loading) and execute other instructions whose operands are ready. Later, when the operands become available, the hardware can execute the skipped instruction. Coupled with a superscalar design, out-of-order execution results in higher instruction execution parallelism than otherwise possible. The Power5 is the next-generation chip in this line. One of our key goals in designing the Power5 was to maintain both binary and structural compatibility with existing Power4 systems to ensure that binaries continue executing properly and all application optimizations carry forward to newer systems. With that base requirement, we specified increased performance and other functional enhancements of server virtualization, reliability, availability, and serviceability at both chip and system levels. In this article, we describe the approach we used to improve chip-level performance.
MicroCore: Mapping Genome Expression to Cell Pathways and Networks

The MicroCore toolkit is a suite of analysis programs for microarray and proteomics data that is open source and programmed exclusively in Java. MicroCore provides a flexible and extensible environment for the interpretation of functional genomics data through visualization. The first version of the application (downloadable from the MicroCore website: http://www.ucl.ac.uk/oncology/MicroCore/microcore.htm), implements two programs—PIMs (protein interaction maps) and MicroExpress—and is soon to be followed by an extended version which will also feature a fuzzy k-means clustering application and a Java-based R plug-in for microarray analysis. PIMs and MicroExpress provide a simple yet powerful way of graphically relating large quantities of expression data from multiple experiments to cellular pathways and biological processes in a statistically meaningful way.
Attack Modeling for Information Security and Survivability

Abstract : Many engineering disciplines rely on engineering failure data to improve their designs. Unfortunately, this is not the case with information system engineers, who generally do not use security failure data-particularly attack data-to improve the security and survivability of systems that they develop. Part of the reason for this is that, historically, businesses and governments have been reticent to disclose information about attacks on their systems for fear of losing public confidence or for fear that other attackers would exploit the same or similar vulnerabilities. Specific, detailed attack data has just not been available. However, increased public interest and media coverage of the Internet's security have resulted in increased publication of attack data in books, Internet newsgroups, and CERT security advisories, for example. Engineers can now use this data in a structured way to improve information system security and survivability. This technical note describes and illustrates an approach for documenting attack information in a structured and reusable form. We expect that security analysts can use this approach to document and identify commonly occurring attack patterns, and that information system designers and analysts can use these patterns to develop more survivable information systems.