Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterned Magnetic Recording Media Using Anodic Porous Alumina with Single Domain Hole Configurations of 63 nm Hole Interval

Patterned magnetic recording media composed of the arrays of Co cylinders were fabricated using anodic porous alumina with single domain hole configuration. The ac electrodeposition of Co into the holes of the alumina matrix of 63 nm hole interval generated the arrays of Co cylinders with high aspect ratios. The structures and magnetic properties of the obtained patterned magnetic recording media are described. The magnetic recording properties were dependent on the geometrical structures of the Co cylinder arrays in the alumina matrix.
Dielectric-solid polarization at strong fields: Breakdown of Smoluchowski's electrophoresis formula

We investigate the thin-double-layer electrophoretic drift of a uniformly charged dielectric particle, driven by an intense electric field comparable to the transverse Debye-layer field. Under these circumstances, solid polarization affects the leading-order electrokinetic transport in the fluid by inducing a nonuniform zeta-potential distribution. The resulting expression for the particle velocity is accordingly nonlinear in the applied field. The electrophoretic “mobility”—the ratio of this velocity and the applied field—depends upon two parameters, the first quantifying the surface-charge density, and the second constituting the product of the solid-to-liquid permittivity ratio and the scaled applied-field magnitude. At weak values of this product, solid polarization results in field-cubed deviations from Smoluchowski's velocity; at large values of it, the particle velocity is a slowly increasing function of the applied field, essentially varying with its logarithm. The transition between these two lim.
Numerical Investigations of Subscale Flexible High Aspect Ratio Aircraft on a Dynamic Wind Tunnel Rig

High aspect ratio wings have been a major topic for research due to their capability to improve the aerodynamic efficiency of modern aircraft. Many numerical studies have shown their flexibility causing nonlinearity through geometric effects and their impact on internal loads and dynamics, such as reduced flutter speed and coupling with the aircraft body causing body freedom flutter. Experimental work is present in the literature for validation of cantilever wing models but only a few have implemented wind tunnel testing on dynamically-mounted full-span aircraft models. The work presented here develops a rigid-flexible coupled numerical model for a wind tunnel test platform known as the 5-degree-of-freedom manoeuvre rig. This model is used for the simulation of a full-span flexible model aircraft constrained by the rig for the investigation of the coupling between rigid body and flexible modes together with geometric nonlinear effects. The modeling of the wing flexibility is based on a reduced order geometrically exact structural method linked with a vortex lattice aerodynamic model. The aircraft fuselage and empennage, and the manoeuvre rig, are modelled as rigid bodies. The findings of the study will aid future experimental wind tunnel explorations.
Ionization and recombination coefficients for Fe XV--Fe XIX

During neutral-beam-heated, counter-injection discharges in the ISX-B tokamak, impurities tend to collect in the interior of the plasmas. In these circumstances iron ions preferentially accumulate with long confinement times in regions of almost constant electron temperature. The concentrations of intermediate stages of iron (Fe XV, XVI, XVIII, and XIX) have been studied under these conditions to investigate the ratios of recombination and ionization coefficients. The dielectronic recombination coefficients are then deduced by assuming that the ionization and the radiative and charge-exchange recombination rates can be calculated closely from theory.
A kinematic self-similar rupture process for earthquakes

The basic assumption that the self-similarity and the spectral law of the seismic body-wave radiation (e.g., ω-square model) must find their origin in some simple self-similar process during the seismic rupture led us to construct a kinematic, self-similar model of earthquakes. It is first assumed that the amplitude of the slip distribution high-pass filtered at high wavenumber does not depend on the size of the ruptured fault. This leads to the following “k-square” model for the slip spectrum, for k > 1/L: Δ~uL(k)=CΔσμLk2, where L is the ruptured fault dimension, k the radial wavenumber, Δσ the mean stress drop, μ the rigidity, and C an adimensional constant of the order of 1. The associated stress-drop spectrum, for k > 1/L, is approximated by Δ~σL(k)=ΔσLk. The rupture front is assumed to propagate on the fault plane with a constant velocity v, and the rise time function is assumed to be scale dependent. The partial slip associated to a given wavelength 1/k is assumed to be completed in a time 1/kv, based on simple dynamical considerations. We therefore considered a simple dislocation model (instantaneous slip at the final value), which indeed correctly reproduces this self-similar characteristic of the slip duration at any scale. For a simple rectangular fault with isochrones propagating in the x direction, the resulting far-field displacement spectrum is related to the slip spectrum as u˜(ω)=FΔ~u(kx=1Cdωv,ky=0), where the factor F includes radiation pattern and distance effect, and Cd is the classical directivity coefficient 1/[1 − v/c cos (θ)]. The k-square model for the slip thus leads to the ω-square model, with the assumptions above. Independently of the adequacy of these assumptions, which should be tested with dynamic numerical models, such a kinematic model has several important applications. It may indeed be used for generating realistic synthetics at any frequency, including body waves, surface waves, and near-field terms, even for sites close to the fault, which is often of particular importance; it also provides some clues for estimating the weighting factors for the empirical Green's function methods. Finally, the slip spectrum may easily be modified in order to model other power-law decay of the radiation spectra, as well as composite earthquakes.
A Ka-Band Bi-Directional Reconfigurable Switched Beam-Forming Network Based on 4 × 4 Butler Matrix in 28-nm CMOS

This article demonstrates a Ka-Band bi-directional reconfigurable switched beam-forming network based on a 4 ${\times }$ 4 Butler matrix in a 28-nm CMOS process. The proposed switched beam-forming network consists of a reconfigurable single-pole, double-throw (SPDT) switch, SPDT switches, bi-directional amplifiers, and a 4 ${\times }$ 4 Butler matrix. By integrating the bi-directional amplifiers between the switches and the Butler matrix, ohmic losses of the switches and the Butler matrix are compensated. Also, isolations between beam ports of the Butler matrix are much improved by turning off the bi-directional amplifiers, resulting in a low sidelobe level. The reconfigurable SPDT switch enables dual-port excitations of the beam-forming network. Furthermore, additional 180° phase shifters, which are required for the dual-port excitation, are eliminated by inverting a balun of the bi-directional amplifier. Also, additional crossovers, which are required for a reconfigurable SP4T switch network, are eliminated by using two stages of SPDT switches. The total insertion loss of the switched beam-forming network is around 6 and 4.5 dB in transmit/receive (T/Rx) modes at 28 GHz, including the power division loss of the Tx mode. From the array factors based on the measured S-parameters, the designed beam-forming network can generate seven beams, ± 14.1°, ± 30°, ± 48°, and 0° with the array antenna gain of 6 dB in the Tx mode.
Ostwald Ripening and Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Capped by Anti-Inflammatory Ligands

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been extensively studied during recent decades as antimicrobial agents. However, their stability and antibacterial activity over time have yet to be sufficiently studied. In this work, AgNPs were coated with different stabilizers (naproxen and diclofenac and 5-chlorosalicylic acid) in different concentrations. The suspensions of nanostructures were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, UV–Vis and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. The antibacterial activity as a function of time was determined through microbiological studies against Staphylococcus aureus. The AgNPs show differences in stabilities when changing the coating agent and its concentration. This fact could be a consequence of the difference in the nature of the interaction between the stabilizer and the surface of the NPs, which were evaluated by FT-IR spectroscopy. In addition, an increase in the size of the nanoparticles was observed after 30 days, which could be related to an Ostwald maturation phenomenon. This result raises new questions about the role that stabilizers play on the surface of NPs, promoting size change in NPs. It is highly probable that the stabilizer functions as a growth controller of the NPs, thus determining an effect on their biological properties. Finally, the antibacterial activity was evaluated over time against the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that the protective or stabilizing agents can play an important role in the antibacterial capacity, the control of the size of the AgNPs and additionally in the stability over time.
Polarization-charge tunnel junctions for ultraviolet light-emitters without p-type contact

Polarization-charge tunnel junctions for ultraviolet light-emitters (λ<360 nm) are modeled using the k⋅p multiband quantum transmitting boundary method. It is shown that polarization-charge tunnel junctions can carry sufficient current to be viable for ultraviolet emitters. Sources of inefficiency in existing ultraviolet emitters are discussed, including poor hole-injection efficiency and optical absorption in the p-type GaN contact layers. It is demonstrated that polarization-charge tunnel junctions can deliver improvements in both areas, by eliminating the need for p-type contacts, and by enabling the use of a p-side-down structure, which is shown to have favorable characteristics for carrier transport compared to conventional p-side-up structures.
Controlling graphene corrugation on lattice-mismatched substrates

By means of synchrotron-radiation-based core-level spectroscopies we demonstrate that the degree of corrugation in graphene nanomesh on lattice-mismatched transition-metal substrates critically depends on the strength of chemical bonding at the interface. The degree of interfacial orbital hybridization between graphene and metal states is rising in the series Pt(111)-Ir(111)-Rh(111)-Ru(0001). This growing strength of hybridization is accompanied by a gradual change in graphene morphology from nearly flat to strongly corrugated. We provide a comparison of the pore size and period for the cases of graphene and h-BN nanomesh on Rh(111).
Monitoring the tire pressure at cars using passive SAW sensors

In our paper we present the application of surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors to the continuous monitoring of the tire pressure in road vehicles. With these, the tire pressure can be read out in every phase of driving. We show the implemented prototype setup for measurement of the tire pressure, the applied SAW sensors, improved versions and the interrogation setup. The problems in practical application are discussed. Experimental results measuring the tire pressure during test rides are presented.
Visualization analysis of thoracic paravertebral block in breast surgery based on bibliometrics

Background Breast surgery is one of the most common surgeries in the world, and pain after breast surgery is very common, representing one of the key factors affecting the quality of life after surgery. With the development of clinical techniques, thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) has gradually become the preferred regional anesthesia technique for postoperative breast analgesia. Methods Using Web of Science as the data source, medical articles about the application of TPVB in breast surgery published from 1900 to 2022 were retrieved and imported into CiteSpace and VOSviewer software. Using bibliometrics and knowledge mapping visualization methods, the literature was analyzed from the aspects of publication, author, institution, country, high-frequency keywords, keyword clustering, emergence words, and so on. Results A total of 299 articles were included. according to the yearly numbers of articles, the trend is increasing annually. The most published authors in this field are Susan M. Steele, Roy A. Greengrass, Brian M. Ilfeld, Karmakar Manoj Kumar, and Stephen M. Klein. The League of European Research Universities, University of Toronto, and Duke University are the 3 institutions with the largest number of publications, and their cooperation degree is relatively low. Articles of American origin predominated. TPVB is the major keyword associated with the application of TPVB in breast surgery, which appears most frequently and has a high research interest. Conclusions The trend and characteristics of TPVB application research in breast surgery were visualized, and the studies in this field are generally increasing annually in number, providing useful bibliometric analysis for researchers to further explore in this field.
Compositional and temperature dependence of basic magnetic properties of CoCr-alloy thin films

Compositional and temperature dependencies of saturation magnetization (M/sub s/) and uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy (K/sub u/) are determined using single crystal CoCr-alloy thin films. Temperature dependencies of M/sub s/ and K/sub u/ are stronger with increasing Cr content. M/sub s/(OK) and Curie temperature (T/sub c/) decrease linearly with increasing Cr content in a Co-Cr-X (X=Ta, Pt) system. M/sub s/(OK) and T/sub c/ become zero at the Cr concentration of 33 at. %, Co-Cr-Pt specimens have higher T/sub c/ and higher K/sub u/ than those of Co-Cr-Ta specimens with similar Cr concentration. The magnetic properties of polycrystalline medium are confirmed to depend strongly on those of Co-rich core crystalline grains in Cr segregated microstructure.
Almost sharp quantum effects

Quantum effects are represented by operators on a Hilbert space satisfying 0⩽A⩽I, and sharp quantum effects are represented by projection operators. We say that an effect A is almost sharp if A=PQP for projections P and Q. We give simple characterizations of almost sharp effects. We also characterize effects that can be written as longer products of projections. For generality we first work in the formalism of von Neumann algebras. We then specialize to the full operator algebra B(H) and to finite dimensional Hilbert spaces.
The Drifting Behavior of PSR B0031–07

The drifting behavior of PSR B0031-07 is studied using 40,205 periods of high-quality data obtained with the Ooty Radio Telescope, operating at 327 MHz. We confirm the three drift modes centered at slope α = -4.05, -7.78, and -11.46 ms period-1, in the proportion 15.6%, 81.8%, and 2.6%, respectively. Strictly, the three drift modes are not harmonically related. The average subpulse energy and the rms position of the subpulse about the mean slope are both higher in the dominant drift mode, but the average subpulse width is independent of α. The average subpulse profiles in the three drift modes are consistent with relativistic beaming. The average spacing P2 between two subpulses increases monotonically with | α | , contrary to the belief held so far that it is independent of | α | . The drift rate is enhanced at the edge of the integrated profile, which is apparently expected on the basis of the Ruderman & Sutherland model. The average pulse energy during a null is at least 844 times less than that during a burst. This is much higher than the factor of ≈ 100 that has been quoted so far. The integrated profiles in the three drift modes differ significantly from each other. These results (a) enhance the suspicion that the subpulse is the basic unit of radio emission in pulsars, (b) provide a possible model for mode changing in pulsars.
The reflection spectra of nonlinear one-dimensional photonic crystal

Based on sublayer division and backward recursion algorithm, the nonlinear reflection spectra at normal and oblique incidence for one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) with one Kerr nonlinear defect are investigated. When incident intensity is higher than the incident intensity threshold, the defect mode appears inclined curved multiple-valued features at certain wavelengths. Compared with the circumstances of normal incidence, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the TE wave becomes smaller and that of the TM wave becomes greater. The change of FWHM also arouses the change of the incident intensity threshold. For the 1DPC with third-order nonlinear coefficient χ(3)>0, the defect mode position would be determined by the incident angle and incident intensity together and the minimal separation angle of TE wave and TM wave is decreased with increasing the incident intensity. While for the 1DPC with third-order nonlinear coefficient χ(3)<0, the defect mode moves towards shortwave direction when increasing incident intensity or incident angle. Besides, the minimal separation angle of TE wave and TM wave is increased with increasing the incident intensity. This research provides a valuable reference to the design and application of polarization filters, optical sensors, tunable filters and so on.
PM2.5 Concentration Prediction Using GRA-GRU Network in Air Monitoring

In recent years, green, low carbon and sustainable development has become a common topic of concern. Aiming at solving the drawback of low accuracy of PM2.5 concentration prediction, this paper proposes a method based on deep learning to predict PM2.5 concentration. Firstly, we comprehensively consider various meteorological elements such as temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind, visibility, etc., and comprehensively analyze the correlation between meteorological elements and PM2.5 concentration. Secondly, the time series data of PM2.5 concentration monitoring stations are used as the reference sequence and comparison sequence in the gray correlation analysis algorithm to construct the spatial weight matrix, and the spatial relationship of the original data is extracted by using the spatial weight matrix. Finally, we combine the forgetting and input threshold to synthesize the updated threshold, merge the unit state and the hidden state, and use the Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU) as the core network structure of the recurrent neural network. Compared with the traditional LSTM model, the GRU model is simpler. In terms of convergence time and required epoch, GRU is better than the traditional LSTM model. On the basis of ensuring the accuracy of the model, the training time of the model is further reduced. The experimental results show that the root mean square error and the average absolute error of this method can reach 18.32 ug · m−3 and 13.54 ug · m−3in the range of 0–80 h, respectively. Therefore, this method can better characterize the time series characteristics of air pollutant changes, so as to make a more accurate prediction of PM2.5 concentration.
Spent Nuclear Fuel—Waste or Resource? The Potential of Strategic Materials Recovery during Recycle for Sustainability and Advanced Waste Management

Nuclear fuel is both the densest form of energy in its virgin state and, once used, one of the most hazardous materials known to humankind. Though commonly viewed as a waste—with over 300,000 tons stored worldwide and an additional 7–11,000 tons accumulating annually—spent nuclear fuel (SNF) represents a significant potential source of scarce, valuable strategic materials. Beyond the major (U and Pu) and minor (Np, Am, and Cm) actinides, which can be used to generate further energy, resources including the rare earth elements (Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, and Tb), platinum group metals, (Ru, Rh, Pd, and Ag), noble gases (He, Kr, and Xe), and a range of isotopes useful for medical and energy generation purposes are also produced during fission. One reason for the accumulation of so much SNF is the low uptake of SNF recycle (or reprocessing), primarily due to the high capital and operational costs alongside concerns regarding proliferation and wastes generated. This study will highlight the predominantly overlooked potential for the recovery of strategic materials from SNF, which may offset costs and facilitate advanced waste management techniques for minimised waste volumes, thus increasing the sustainability of the nuclear fuel cycle on the path towards Net Zero. Potential challenges in the implementation of this concept will also be identified.
Opportunity recognition and exploitation in resource-scarce contexts: the role of relational capital and bricolage in African social enterprise

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence of the mediating influence of bricolage on the relationship between relational capital (RC) and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition and exploitation among social enterprises (SEs) located in Ghana, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone. Data were collected from a sample of 151 SEs and the results highlight that opportunity recognition and exploitation are significantly and positively affected by relational capital. These relationships are reinforced by the mediating and positive effect of entrepreneurial bricolage. This is the first empirical study to examine the linkages between RC and opportunity recognition and exploitation in SEs. SEs need to recognise the importance of relational capital in supporting the recognition and exploitation of opportunities. They should also be aware that these relationships, in a resource-scarce environment, can be strengthened by an entrepreneur’s ability to adopt bricolage. Theoretical and practical contributions are also offered.
Robust control from data in presence of input saturation

In this paper, conditions are given for internal model control (IMC) structures to be robustly L2 stable with respect to H∞ bounded model uncertainty and in presence of input saturation. This conditions are used for the design robust controllers that are the best H∞ approximation to ‘perfect’ linear control among all controllers guaranteeing L2 stability in presence of actuator saturation. The cases of both ‘standard’ and enhanced IMC structures are considered. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
O significado do consumo de psicofármacos pelos familiares de pessoas com transtorno bipolar

: Family members are essential caregivers of people with bipolar disorder (BD) and may be vulnerable upon assuming this care, seeking some support such as the use of psychotropic drugs. The objective of this study was to understand the meaning that family caregivers attribute to their psychotropics use. This is a qualitative study with 32 participants that used Symbolic Interactionism (theorical reference) and the Grounded Theory (methodological reference). Data were analyzed in three steps: open, axial and selective coding. The family member is impacted by having to assume the care and needs to look for alternatives to adapt to the difficulties and effects of this care. Hence, they seek the use of psychotropics, but this consumption is seen and understood differently throughout the utilization process. This study offers a better understanding of the studied phenomenon and subsidies to improve the assistance to this clientele.