Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids protect against coronary heart disease?

Summary It is widely accepted that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids protect against coronary heart disease. However a recently published systematic review concluded that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have no clear effects on coronary heart disease and this received widespread publicity in the news media. There appear to be two reasons for this different conclusion. First, the systematic review combined cohort studies of associations with randomized controlled trials of cause–effect relationships and the validity of this approach is questionable. By contrast, a recently published analysis restricted to randomized controlled trials confirmed the conclusion that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids protect against coronary heart disease. Second, the systematic review included the DART 2 study whose tests of compliance were inadequate. When this study was excluded the systematic review confirmed the conclusions of other reviews. The publicity surrounding this systematic review has served only to create the impression that nutritionists are forever changing their minds. Of all the materials with inherent high lubricity tested here, only glycerol does not impart higher lubricity when added to petrodiesel either neat or in a mixture described above. The reason is probably its poor miscibility with petrodiesel. This shows that, in addition to the appropriate oxygen moieties, a carbon chain of sufficient length must be present in order for a compound to be an effective lubricity enhancer, an effect similarly observed in surfactants. The results also show that biodiesel is a better lubricity enhancer than its parent vegetable oil because of the presence of the high-lubricity species, some of which, such as monoacylglycerols, can arise during biodiesel production. Results related to those discussed here are available in the literature (5,6; see also citations in references 3 and 4). The results given in these publications and those presented here do not agree on all aspects, but there is agreement that low-level ‘contaminants’ have a significant effect on biodiesel lubricity and its lowlevel blends with petrodiesel.
The AF-1 and hinge region of the human Estrogen Receptor cooperate in the quantitative response to estradiol and tamoxifen

Human Estrogen Receptor α and β greatly differ in their target genes, transcriptional potency, cofactor binding capacity and are differentially expressed in various tissues. In a classical ERE- mediated transactivation, ERβ has a markedly reduced activation potential as compared to ERα, for which the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we report that the binding between SRC-1 and the AF-1 domain of ERα is essential but not sufﬁcient to facilitate AF-1/AF-2 synergy, which is required for an optimal agonistic response to E2 and tamoxifen. Complete synergy is achieved by the combined action of the AF-1 and AF-2 modulated by the distinct hinge domain of ERα. The AF-1 of ERβ lacks the capacity to interact with SRC-1, which explains the reduced E2-mediated transactivation by ERβ. The enhanced transactivation by ERα is due to the genuine interaction between AF-1 and AF-2, which depends on the distinct hinge region of ERα, whereas transactivation by ERβ solely depends on its AF-2 domain.
FULL Increased Mortality with Delayed and Missed Switch to Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa Mortality after Delayed or Missed ART Switch in South Africa

1 Background. After failure of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the public sector, delayed 2 or missed second-line ART switch is linked with poor outcomes in patients with advanced HIV. 3 4 Setting: We investigated delayed or missed second-line ART switch following confirmed 5 virologic failure in the largest private sector HIV cohort in Africa. 6 7 Methods. We included HIV-infected adults with confirmed virologic failure after six months of 8 non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-based ART. We estimated the effect of timing of 9 switch on the hazard of death using inverse probability of treatment weighting of marginal 10 structural models. We adjusted for time-dependent confounding of CD4 count, viral load, and 11 visit frequency. Conclusions. Delayed or missed switch to second-line ART after confirmed first-line ART 23 failure is common in the South African private sector and associated with mortality. Novel 24 interventions to minimize switch delay should be tested and not limited to those with advanced 25 disease at treatment failure.
УДК 621

Introduction. This work considers the problem of radiator synthesis with the 50-Ohm port at the input in the frequency range of 0.9. 5.8 GHz. At the present time, this frequency range is most relevant for the electromagnetic environment analysis, since information exchange with the on-board equipment of unmanned aerial vehicles most often uses this frequency range. Objective. To synthesize a radiator for an ultra-wideband antenna array in the frequency range of 0.9. 5.8 GHz. Materials and methods. The finite element method of electrodynamics modelling was applied for the synthesis of a broadband radiator using HFSS software tools. The characteristics of the radiator optimised by means of simulation were con-firmed by experimental investigations of the radiator electrodynamic model. Antenna radiation pattern measurements were carried out in an anechoic chamber with standing wave ratio (SWR) and calculated by using a network analyser. Results. The study proposes a non-analytical method of the parametric optimisation model considering the SWR<2 criterion suitable for use in electrodynamic modelling tools (HFSS, CST, FEKO, etc.). Examples of the optimised model with final values of all geometric parameters of the radiator were reported. The study also presents calculated distributions of the electric field over the antenna, calculated radiation patterns at the extreme frequency points of the operating range (0.9 GHz.5.8 GHz) and the calculated SWR of the model. These results supported the general performances of the antenna under consideration. The radiator model thus produced took simulation and parametric optimisation of the geometry of radiator results into account. The measured main cross-sections of the radiation pattern and SWR of the model were shown. Conclusion. The paper shows the design of a broadband radiator model in the frequency range of 0.9. 5.8 GHz. Machining and a brief comparative analysis of the calculated and measured antenna characteristics were carried out. It demonstrated a good correlation between the calculated and measured radiation patterns and the dependences of the SWR on the frequency. The advantages of the proposed method and designed radiator model were de-scribed. The results of the work are relevant in the areas of observation, direction finding and signals reception from unmanned aerial vehicles.
Individual and Combined Effects of pH and Lactic Acid Concentration on Listeria innocua Inactivation: Development of a Predictive Model and Assessment of Experimental Variability (cid:1)

In food technology, organic acids (e.g., lactic acid, acetic acid, and citric acid) are popular preservatives. The purpose of this study was to separate the individual effects of the inﬂuencing factors pH and undissociated lactic acid on Listeria innocua inactivation. Therefore, the inactivation process was investigated under controlled, initial conditions of pH (pH 0 ) and undissociated lactic acid ([LaH] 0 ). The resulting inactivation curves consisted of a (sometimes negligible) shoulder period followed by a descent phase. In a few cases, a tailing phase was observed. Depending on the conditions, the descent phase contained one or two log-linear parts or had a convex or concave shape. In addition, the inactivation process was characterized by a certain variability, dependent on the severity of the conditions. Furthermore, in the neighborhood of the growth/no growth interface sometimes contradictory observations occurred. Overall, the individual effects of the inﬂuencing factors pH and undissociated lactic acid could clearly be distinguished and were also apparent based on ﬂuorescence microscopy. Appropriate model types were developed and enabled prediction of which conditions of pH 0 and [LaH] 0 are necessary to obtain a predetermined inactivation (number of decimal reductions) within a predetermined time range. A sample representing at of (0.0610 M) was investigated. this purpose, (cid:6) was (cid:7) Belgium]) phosphate-buffered of g/liter Na HPO and g/liter KH PO two 1 (cid:6) (cid:6) PI were added to 15 were
A food consumption perspective

Purpose –While it is essential to further research the growing diversity in western metropolitan cities, little is currently known about how the members of various ethnic communities acculturate to multicultural societies. The purpose of this paper is to explore immigrants’ cosmopolitanism and acculturation strategies through an analysis of the food consumption behaviour of ethnic consumers in multicultural London. Design/methodology/approach – The study was set within the socio-cultural context of London. A number of qualitative methods such as in-depth interviews, observation and photographs were used to assess consumers’ acculturation strategies in a multicultural environment and how that is influenced by consumer cosmopolitanism. Findings – Ethnic consumers’ food consumption behaviour reflects their acculturation strategies, which can be classified into four groups: rebellion, rarefaction, resonance and refrainment. This classification demonstrates ethnic consumers’multi-directional acculturation strategies, which are also determined by their level of cosmopolitanism. Research limitations/implications – The taxonomy presented in this paper advances current acculturation scholarship by suggesting a multi-directional model for acculturation strategies as opposed to the existing uni-directional and bi-directional perspectives and explicates the role of consumer cosmopolitanism in consumer acculturation. The paper did not engage host communities and there is hence a need for future research on how and to what extent host communities are acculturated to the multicultural environment. Practical implications – The findings have direct implications for the choice of standardisation vs adaptation as a marketing strategy within multicultural cities. Whilst the rebellion group are more likely to respond to standardisation, increasing adaptation of goods and service can ideally target members of the resistance and resonance groups and more fusion products should be exclusively earmarked for the resonance group. International Marketing Review Emerald Publishing Limited
PRLS-INVES: A Investigation Strategy for High Accuracy and Precision in Passive RFID Location Systems

— Due to cost-effectiveness and easy-deployment, RFID location systems with passive floor tags are commonly utilized into many industrial fields, particularly in the emerging environment of the internet of things (IoT). High accuracy and precision are key demands for these location systems. Numerous studies have attempted to improve localisation accuracy and precision by using either dedicated RFID infrastructures or advanced localisation algorithms. But these studies on improving RFID location systems mostly consider utilization of novel RFID localisation solutions rather than optimization of their utilization. Practical use of these solutions in industrial applications can lead to increased cost and deployment difficulty of RFID system. This paper attempts to investigate how accuracy and precision in passive RFID location systems are impacted by RFID infrastructures and localisation algorithms. A general experimental based investigation strategy, RFID-Loc, is designed for analyzing and evaluating the factors that impact the performance of a passive RFID location system. By experimenting a case study on passive HF RFID location systems with this strategy, it is discovered that (1) RFID infrastructure is the primary factor determining the localisation capability of a RFID location system. (2) Localisation algorithm is capable of improving localisation accuracy and precision, but limited by the primary factor. A discussion how to efficiently improve localisation accuracy and precision in passive HF RFID location systems is given.
Analysis of a Semi-Markov Model for Software Reliability

: In this paper analysis of a semi-markov model is done with reference to famous Jelinski-Moranda model which is probably the first model in software reliability. Fault removal resulting from the execution of program depends on the occurrence of the associated failure. Occurrence of failure depends both on the length of time for which the software has been executing and on the execution environment or operating condition. When different functions are executed, different faults are encountered and failures that are exhibited tend to be different.
Data Science and Big Data in Upper Secondary Schools: What Should Be Discussed From a Perspective of Computer Science Education?

The domain of data science is a large ﬁeld, combining statistics, computer science and sociocultural issues. It is an open question which topics and which contents can and should be implemented in school, e.g. from the perspective of computer science education. Within the frame of a design-based research project a pilot course is designed by computer science and statistics educators at the Paderborn University, addressing upper secondary students. In this paper, we concentrate on the second of four modules, in which machine learning and neural networks are adressed. Some individual phases of the module are presented, followed by a metaperspective of the curriculum development that contributes to our project, and further research questions.
Microwave-assisted low temperature fabrication of ZnO thin ﬁ lm electrodes for solar energy harvesting Thin Solid Films

Metallic Zn thin ﬁ lms were electrodeposited on ﬂ uorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates and oxidized under air by conventional radiant and microwave post-annealing methods to obtain ZnO thin ﬁ lm electrodes. The temperature of each post-annealing method was varied systematically and the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of electrodes was evaluated. The best photocurrent density achieved by the conventional radiant annealing method at 425 °C for 15 min was 93 μ A cm − 2 at 1.23 V vs. NHE and the electrode showed an in- cident photon-to-electron conversion ef ﬁ ciency (IPCE) of 28.2%. X-ray diffractogram of this electrode showed that the oxidation of Zn to ZnO was not completed during the radiant annealing process as evident by the pres- ence of metallic Zn in the electrode. For the electrode oxidized from Zn to ZnO under microwave irradiation, a photocurrent of 130 μ A cm − 2 at 1.23 V vs. NHE and IPCE of 35.6% was observed after annealing for just 3 min, during which the temperature reached 250 °C. The photocurrent was 40% higher for the microwave annealed sample; this increase was attributed to higher surface area by preserving the nanostructure, con ﬁ rmed by SEM surface topographical analysis, and better conversion yields to crystalline ZnO. Overall, it was demonstrated that oxidation of Zn to ZnO can be accomplished by microwave annealing ﬁ ve times faster than that of conven- tionalannealing,thusresultingina~75%powersaving.Thisstudyshowsthatmicrowaveprocessingofmaterials offers signi ﬁ cant economic and performance advantages for industrial scale up. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Recognition of stroke signs and symptoms among stroke victims and their families

Having a stroke has a serious negative impact on patients and their families. The most negative potential impact is disability which could be reduced if the patients receive appropriate treatment within 4.5 hours. This study aimed to explore stroke victims and their families regarding their awareness of stroke signs and symptoms as well as their immediate management. The sample consisted of 23 stroke victims being admitted to a hospital. Among the 23 stroke victim only 14 of them could communicate well. The other 9 patients could not so the information was obtained from their relatives instead. The research instruments included a questionnaire and instructional interview. These aimed to ascertain the level recognition of stroke signs and symptoms, and immediate management from the interviewee. Data was collected by instructional as well as in-depth interview and observation. The results revealed that most of informants recognized the stroke signs and symptoms that the patient had had. These included 1) Sudden weakness of arm or leg on one side of the body, including uneven smile or numbness of face; 2) sudden trouble speaking or understanding including, slurred speech; 3) sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes, including blurred or double vision; 4) sudden dizziness, vertigo, unable to walk a straight line, loss of balanced or coordination and 5) severe headache with unknown cause and vomiting or passing out. Among the 23 stroke victims, 14 arrived at the hospital within 3.5 hours. Of those having arrived at the hospital within 3.5 hour, 8 of them recognized all of the stroke signs and symptoms. Nine stroke victims did not come to a hospital immediately even though 6 of them recognized all of stroke signs and symptoms. These results suggested that most of the patient and families were aware of stroke signs and symptoms. Further studies should therefore investigate other factors associated with the recognition of stroke and their subsequent rapid travel to the hospital.
Developing mobile apps: Exploring adolescents' perspectives

Mobile applications or (cid:12) apps (cid:13) have significant potential for use in mental health interventions with adolescents. However, there is a lack of research exploring end users (cid:13) needs from such technologies. The aim of the present study was to explore adolescents (cid:13) needs and concerns in relation to mental health mobile apps. Five focus groups were conducted with young people aged 15-16 years ( N =34, 60% male). Participants were asked about their views in relation to the use of mental health mobile technologies and were asked to give their responses to a mental health app prototype. Participants identified (1) safety, (2) engagement, (3) functionality, (4) social interaction, (5) awareness, (6) accessibility, (7) gender, and (8) young people in control as important factors. Understanding end users (cid:13) needs and concerns in relation to this topic will inform the future development of youth-oriented mental health apps that are acceptable to young people.
Gravity's Engines: How Bubble-Blowing Black Holes Rule Galaxies, Stars, and Life in the Cosmos

We've long understood black holes to be the points at which the universe as we know it comes to an end. Often billions of times more massive than the Sun, they lurk in the inner sanctum of almost every galaxy of stars in the universe. They're mysterious chasms so destructive and unforgiving that not even light can escape their deadly wrath. Recent research, however, has led to a cascade of new discoveries that have revealed an entirely different side to black holes. As the astrophysicist Caleb Scharf reveals in "Gravity's Engines", these chasms in space-time don't just vacuum up everything that comes near them; they also spit out huge beams and clouds of matter. Black holes blow bubbles. With clarity and keen intellect, Scharf masterfully explains how these bubbles profoundly rearrange the cosmos around them. Engaging with our deepest questions about the universe, he takes us on an intimate journey through the endlessly colourful place we call our galaxy and reminds us that the Milky Way sits in a special place in the cosmic zoo - a "sweet spot" of properties. Is it coincidental that we find ourselves here at this place and time? Could there be a deeper connection between the nature of black holes and their role in the universe and the phenomenon of life? We are, after all, made of the stuff of stars.
O-GlcNAc Cycling and Insulin Signaling are Required for the Glucose Stress Response in C. elegans

In a variety of organisms, including worms, flies, and mammals, glucose homeostasis is maintained by insulin-like signaling in a robust network of opposing and complementary signaling pathways. The hexosamine signaling pathway, terminating in O-GlcNAc cycling, is a key sensor of nutrient status, and has been genetically linked to the regulation of insulin signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans . Here we demonstrate that O-GlcNAc cycling and insulin signaling are both essential components of the C. elegans response to glucose stress. A number of insulin-dependent processes were found to be sensitive to glucose stress, including fertility, reproductive timing, and dauer formation, yet each of these differed in their threshold of sensitivity to glucose excess. Our findings suggest that O-GlcNAc cycling and insulin-signaling are both required for a robust and adaptable response to glucose stress, but these two pathways show complex and interdependent roles in the maintenance of glucose-insulin homeostasis.
Declaration of Partial Copyright Licence

Continuing the study of connections amongst Dense Model Theorem, Low Complexity Approximation Theorem and Hardcore Lemma initiated by Trevisan et al. [TTV09], this thesis builds on the work of Barak et al., Impagliazzo, Reingold et al. and Zhang [BHK09, Imp09, RTTV08a, Zha11] to show the essential equivalence of these three results. The first main result obtained here is a reduction from any of the standard black-box Dense Models Theorems to the Low Complexity Approximation Theorem. The next is the extension of Impagliazzo’s reduction from Strong Hardcore Lemma to Dense Model Theorem. Then using Zhang’s Dense Model Theorem algorithm we reduce Weak Hardcore Lemma to Strong Hardcore Lemma. Last we distill the methods of Barak et al. and Zhang to extract a single algorithm which yields uniform constructions for all three. Putting all this together demonstrates the three results are essentially equivalent.
in populations.

Faeces provide relevant biological information which includes, with the application of genetic techniques, the sex and identity of individuals that defecated, thus providing potentially useful data on the behaviour and ecology of individuals, as well as the dynamics and structure of populations. This paper presents estimates of the sex ratio of different felid species (jaguar, Panthera onca ; puma, Puma concolor ; and ocelot/margay, Leopardus pardalis/Leopardus wiedi ) as observed in field collected faeces, and proposes several hypotheses that could explain the strikingly high proportion of faeces from male jaguars. The proportion of male and female faeces was estimated using a non-invasive faecal sampling method in 14 study areas in Mexico and Brazil. Faecal samples were genetically analysed to identify the species, the sex and the individual (the latter only for samples identified as belonging to jaguars). Considering the three species, 72.6% of faeces (n=493) were from males; however, there were significant differences among them, with the proportion from males being higher for jaguars than for pumas and ocelots/margays. A male-bias was consistently observed in all study areas for jaguar faeces, but not for the other species. For jaguars the trend was the same when considering the number of individuals identified (n=68), with an average of 4.2 6 0.56 faeces per male and 2.0 6 0.36 per female. The observed faecal marking patterns might be related to the behaviour of female jaguars directed toward protecting litters from males, and in both male and female pumas, to prevent interspecific aggressions from male jaguars. The hypothesis that there are effectively more males than females in jaguar populations cannot be discarded, which could be due to the fact that females are territorial and males are not, or a tendency for males to disperse into suboptimal areas for the species.