Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of functional resins with kafirin obtained with a food-compatible method for application in the baking industry

ABSTRACT The evaluation of different methods for kafirin extraction was made to obtain techno-functional concentrates from two sorghum cultivars. The concentrates were rheologically evaluated in a “dough-like” resin system to assess their potential as a gluten substitute. Under acidic extractions (ethanol 70%, pH 2.5), yields of 56.98% and 46.31% for white (WS) and red sorghum (RS) were obtained, with the highest purity for WS (74.54%). A characteristic electrophoretic pattern was obtained for kafirins, including fractions α1, α2, β and γ. The WS protein was used to prepare resins with lactic acid (LA) as a plasticizing agent, showing similar extensibility to zein (11.37 vs. 11.89 mm respectively) but below wheat gluten (42.61 mm). The microstructure of kafirin resins showed air encapsulation and alignment as fibers. This study allowed to explore new food-compatible extractions for kafirin and evaluate how they will perform rheologically at the kneading stage using a simple resin method.
Transcriptional Responses of Copper-Transport-Related Genes ctr1, ctr2 and atox1 and Their Roles in the Regulation of Cu Homeostasis in Yellow Catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

Here, we characterized the function of ctr1, ctr2 and atox1 promoters in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, a common freshwater teleost in Asian countries. We obtained 1359 bp, 1842 bp and 1825 bp sequences of ctr1, ctr2 and atox1 promoters, and predicted key transcription factor binding sites on their promoters, including MRE, SREBP1, NRF2, KLF4 and STAT3. Cu differentially influenced the activities of ctr1, ctr2 and atox1 promoters from different regions. We found that the −326/−334 bp and −1232/−1240 bp locus in the atox1 promoter were functional NRF2 binding sites, which negatively controlled the activity of the atox1 promoter. The −91/−100 bp locus in the ctr1 promoter and −232/−241 bp and −699/−708 bp locus in the atox1 promoter were functional SREBP1 binding sites, which positively controlled the activities of ctr1 and atox1 promoters. Cu inhibited the NRF2 binding ability to the atox1 promoter, but promoted the SREBP1 binding ability to the ctr1 and atox1 promoters. Dietary Cu excess significantly down-regulated hepatic mRNA and total protein expression of CTR1, CTR2 and ATOX1 of yellow catfish, compared to the adequate dietary Cu group. The subcellular localization showed that CTR1 was mainly localized on the cell membrane, CTR2 in the cell membrane and the lysosome, and ATOX1 in the cytoplasm. In conclusion, we demonstrated the regulatory mechanism of three Cu transporters at the transcription levels, and found the functional NRF2 and SREBP1 response elements in ctr1, ctr2 and atox1 promoters, which provided new insights into their roles in the regulation of Cu homeostasis in fish.
Energetics of local clusters in Cu64.5Zr35.5 metallic liquid and glass

Correlation between the cluster energy and its population and dynamics can provide a better understanding of the complicated energy landscape of disordered metallic systems. We propose a method to analyze the cluster energy distribution for different kinds of short-range order (local clusters) in liquid and glass systems. By applying this analysis to an interesting and important glass forming system— Cu 64.5 Zr 35.5 we observe a direct correlation between the energy and dynamics of the cluster in this realistic glass-forming system. This study suggests that dynamic arrest originates from the environment-dependent energetics of local clusters.
Dissipation-Induced Super Scattering and Lasing PT-Spaser

Giant transmission and reflection of a finite bandwidth are shown to occur at the same wavelength when the electromagnetic wave is incident on a periodic array of PT-symmetric dimers embedded in a metallic film. Remarkably, we found that this phenomenon vanishes if the metallic substrate is lossless while keeping other parameters unchanged. When the metafilm is adjusted to the vicinity of a spectral singularity, tuning substrate dissipation to a critical value can lead to supper scattering in stark contrast to what would be expected in conventional systems. The PT-synthetic plasmonic metafilm acts as a lasing PT-spaser, a planar source of coherent radiation. The metallic dissipation provides a mean to couple light out of the dark modes of the PT- spaser. Above a critical gain-loss coupling, the metafilm behaves as a meta-gain medium with the meta-gain atoms made from the PT-plasmonic dimers. This phenomenon implies that super radiation is possible from a cavity having gain elements by tuning the cavity dissipation to a critical value.
Theoretical aspects of fuzzy control

Partial table of contents: Identification of Linguistic Fuzzy Models (R. Yager & D. Filev) System Stability and the Fuzzy Controller (J. Buckley) Typology of Fuzzy Controllers (L. Foulloy & S. Galichet) Modeling of Control Functions by Fuzzy Controllers (P. Bauer, et al.) Optimal Strategy of Switching Reasoning Methods in Fuzzy Control (M. Smith & V. Kreinovich) Considerations of Hierarchical Fuzzy Control (C. de Silva) Fuzzy Relational Control (W. Pedrycz) Some Research Directions in Fuzzy Control (D. Driankov, et al.) Function Approximation with Additive Fuzzy Systems (B. Kosko & J. Dickerson) Index.
HfO2-based insulating stacks on 4H–SiC(0001)

Depositing HfO2 layers on ultrathin thermally grown SiO2 on 4H–SiC(0001) is demonstrated to yield an insulator with good properties. The stack combines the high quality of the ultrathin SiO2/SiC interface and associated high energy barriers for electron and hole injection from SiC with the high dielectric permittivity of HfO2 (≈20). The latter allows application of high electric fields to the SiC surface (up to 3 MV/cm), while keeping the strength of the field in the insulator at a moderate level.
A revised analysis of gamma-ray bursts’ prompt efficiencies

The prompt Gamma-Ray Bursts' (GRBs) efficiency is an important clue on the emission mechanism producing the $\gamma$-rays. Previous estimates of the kinetic energy of the blast waves, based on the X-ray afterglow luminosity $L_X$, suggested that this efficiency is large, with values above 90\% in some cases. This poses a problem to emission mechanisms and in particular to the internal shocks model. These estimates are based, however, on the assumption that the X-ray emitting electrons are fast cooling and that their Inverse Compton (IC) losses are negligible. The observed correlations between $L_X$ (and hence the blast wave energy) and $E_{\gamma\rm ,iso}$, the isotropic equivalent energy in the prompt emission, has been considered as observational evidence supporting this analysis. It is reasonable that the prompt gamma-ray energy and the blast wave kinetic energy are correlated and the observed correlation corroborates, therefore, the notion $L_X$ is indeed a valid proxy for the latter. Recent findings suggest that the magnetic field in the afterglow shocks is significantly weaker than was earlier thought and its equipartition fraction, $\epsilon_B$, could be as low as $10^{-4}$ or even lower. Motivated by these findings we reconsider the problem, taking now IC cooling into account. We find that the observed $L_X-E_{\gamma\rm ,iso}$ correlation is recovered also when IC losses are significant. For small $\epsilon_B$ values the blast wave must be more energetic and we find that the corresponding prompt efficiency is significantly smaller than previously thought. For example, for $\epsilon_B\sim10^{-4}$ we infer a typical prompt efficiency of $\sim15\%$.
DNS of the very large anisotropic scales in a turbulent channel

The large structures in the outer layer of turbulent wall flows are of great physical importance, because they contain a substantial fraction of the streamwise kinetic energy and of the Reynolds stresses. Nevertheless, the organization of the outer region of wall turbulence has historically received less attention than that of the inner region, and as a consequence, it is still the subject of many open experimental and theoretical questions. In order to address some of those questions, we have performed direct numerical simulations of the turbulent incompressible flow in plane channels at Reynolds numbers 185 - 550. This paper presents some of the results of this simulation, focusing on the statistical description of the size of the large structures of the streamwise velocity and on its scaling with Reynolds number.
A Mathematical Model for HIV/AIDS Under Pre-Exposure and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis

HIV/AIDS has a strong impact on society, the economy, and health. Early diagnosis of cases, adherence to treatment, and prevention are important factors in controlling the epidemic in the population. In this paper, we present a new mathematical model for the study of HIV/AIDS transmission. Our model is stratified in men and women, to account for the main forms of sexual transmission homosexual and heterosexual relationships, and infectiousness in the HIV and AIDS stages. In addition, in the construction of the model, we take into account the influence of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) to study the impact of these implementations, diagnosis, and effectiveness of treatment based on viral load undetectability. We study the basic reproduction number by subpopulation (men and women) and general. Working by subpopulations allows us to study men who have sex with men who have a strong impact on virus transmission. Also, we study the infection-free equilibrium points due to their relationship with the basic reproduction number and demonstrate the global stability by subpopulation and general. To explore our model, we performed computational simulations on a scenario designed with data from the literature and assumed, studying the influence of the parameters associated with the use of PrEP, PEP, and undetectability on the basic reproduction number by varying them individually and jointly. We concluded that in women the basic reproduction number is always lower than unity and that in men the parameter associated with the undetectability of the viral load in HIV men has a strong influence on the dynamics. We also address the impact of PrEP, PEP, and undetectability in HIV and AIDS on the compartments, considering different scenarios varying the parameters jointly and independently and by sex which show difficulty in reducing women with AIDS. The scenario that showed the best results in the reduction of the number of HIV and AIDS cases was when the parameters associated with undetectability in HIV and AIDS men and women take the 90-90-90 that is proposed in the World Health Organization (WHO) strategy.
Nonlinear analysis on manifolds: Sobolev spaces and inequalities

Elements of Riemannian geometry Sobolev spaces: The compact setting Sobolev spaces: The noncompact setting Best constants in the compact setting I Best constants in the compact setting II Optimal inequalities with constraints Best constants in the noncompact setting Euclidean-type Sobolev inequalities The influence of symmetries Manifolds with boundary Bibliography.
Extremes in Nature : an approach using Copulas

1 UNIVARIATE EXTREME VALUE THEORY 1.1 Order Statistics 1.2 Extreme value theory 1.3 Hazard, return period, and risk 1.4 Natural Hazards 2 MULTIVARIATE EXTREME VALUE THEORY 2.1 Multivariate Extreme Value Distributions 2.2 Characterizations of the domain of attraction 2.3 Multivariate dependence 2.4 Multivariate return periods 3 BIVARIATE ANALYSIS VIA COPULAS 3.1 2-Copulas 3.2 Archimedean copulas 3.3 Return periods via copulas 3.4 Tail dependence 4 MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS VIA COPULAS 4.1 Multivariate copulas 4.2 Archimedean copulas 4.3 Conditional mixtures 5 EXTREME VALUE ANALYSIS VIA COPULAS 5.1 Extreme Value copulas 5.2 Dependence function 5.3 Tail dependence A SIMULATION OF COPULAS A.1 The 2-dimensional case A.2 The general case B DEPENDENCE B.1 Bivariate concepts of dependence B.2 Measures of association C FAMILIES OF COPULAS C.1 The Frank family C.2 The Gumbel-Hougaard family C.3 The Clayton family C.4 The Ali-Mikhail-Haq (AMH) family C.5 The Joe family C.6 The Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern (FGM) family C.7 The Plackett family C.8 The Raftery family C.9 The Galambos family C.10 The Husler-Reiss family C.11 The Elliptical family C.12 The Frechet family C.13 The Marshall-Olkin family C.14 The Archimax family C.15 Construction methods for copulas REFERENCES INDEX GLOSSARY
Explosion Geometry of a Rotating 13 $\ M_{\odot}$ Star Driven by the SASI-Aided Neutrino-Heating Supernova Mechanism

By performing axisymmetric hydrodynamic simulations of core-collapse supernovae with spectral neutrino transport based on the isotropic diffusion source approximation scheme, we support the assumption that the neutrino-heating mechanism aided by the standing accretion shock instability and convection can initiate an explosion of a 13 $M_{\odot}$ star. Our results show that bipolar explosions are more likely to be associated with models which include rotation. We point out that models, which form a north-south symmetric bipolar explosion, can lead to larger explosion energies than for the corresponding unipolar explosions.
Double-Pulse Superposition Technique for Avalanche Extraction From Gated InGaAs/InP Single-Photon Detectors

Gated InGaAs avalanche photodiodes are often used for synchronous single-photon detection in the near-infrared wavelengths of 1310 and 1550 nm for optical fiber communication. However, one of the main obstacles limiting their application is the difficulty in extracting a weak photon-induced avalanche pulse from background noise. Here, we describe a double-pulse superposition technique to detect the signal, which uses a synchronized pulse to raise the avalanche signal above the discriminating threshold so the avalanche signal can be easily detected. This technique provides a simple idea for a practical gated single-photon detector to sense avalanche signals since the parasitic capacitance signal from an applied external circuit is unavoidable and will always be coupled to the avalanche signal. Under the same measurement conditions, a comparison was made with the conventional capacitive balance technique, and the experimental results showed a high agreement between the effects of the two signal extraction techniques under several nanoseconds scale gating widths, and the double-pulse superposition technique is highly efficient and easy to implement even under complicated background noise.
Inverse Compton gamma-rays from Galactic dark matter annihilation: Anisotropy signatures

High energy electrons and positrons from annihilating dark matter can imprint unique angular anisotropies on the diffuse gamma-ray flux by inverse Compton scattering off the interstellar radiation field. We develop a numerical tool to compute gamma-ray emission from such electrons and positrons produced in the smooth host halo and in substructure halos with masses down to 10^(-6)M_sun. We show that the angular power spectrum from inverse Compton scattering is exponentially suppressed below an angular scale determined by the diffusion length of electrons and positrons. We also find that the total flux and the shape of the angular power spectrum depends sensitively on the spatial distribution of subhalos in the Milky Way. Finally, the contribution from the smooth host halo component to the gamma-ray mean intensity is negligibly small compared to subhalos.
DISTRIBUIÇÃO SOCIOESPACIAL DOS ESPAÇOS LIVRES PARA PRÁTICAS SOCIAIS NO CONTEXTO URBANO

Os espaços livres de uso público possuem função de destaque nas cidades pois contribuem para a vitalidade urbana, a melhoria do microclima, o enriquecimento sociocultural, o convívio e a troca de experiências. No entanto, o adensamento populacional e as mudanças no uso do solo resultam na carência de espaços públicos para práticas sociais. Nesse sentido, o artigo apresenta uma análise comparativa e reflexiva da distribuição socioespacial e da abrangência das praças do município de Vila Velha-ES, tendo como recorte as Regionais Grande Centro, Grande Ibes e Grande Aribiri. As análises visam verificar se tais espaços atendem de forma democrática ou priorizam parcelas específicas do território urbano. Trata-se de um estudo aplicado, de abordagem quanti-qualitativa, definido em três etapas metodológicas: Contextualização; Identificação e Mapeamento; e Análises comparativas. Os resultados evidenciam a distribuição não homogênea das praças nas Regionais. Enquanto bairros de renda superiores e baixa densidade populacional possuem até 4 praças, bairros com rendas inferiores e maiores densidades apresentam ausência de espaços públicos para práticas sociais. Espera-se com essa pesquisa influenciar futuras intervenções, de modo a qualificar o espaço urbano, em especial, de Vila Velha. (Iniciação Científica – meio)
Prolonged Febrile Seizures Impair Synaptic Plasticity and Alter Developmental Pattern of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP)-Immunoreactive Astrocytes in the Hippocampus of Young Rats

Prolonged neonatal febrile seizures (FSs) often lead to cognitive decline and increased risk of psychopathology in adulthood. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the long-term adverse effects of FSs remain unclear. In this study, we exposed rat pups to hyperthermia and induced FSs lasting at least 15 min. We investigated the short-term (one day) and delayed (11–13 and 41–45 days) effects of FSs on some parameters of morphological and functional maturation in the hippocampus. We noticed that FSs altered the developmental pattern of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity. In rats aged 21–23 days, GFAP-positive astrocytes covered a smaller area, and their morphological characteristics resembled those of rats at 11 days of age. In post-FS rats, the magnitude of long-term synaptic potentiation was reduced compared to control animals of the same age. Applying the gliotransmitter D-serine, an agonist of the glycine site of NMDA receptors, restored LTP to control values. A decrease in LTP amplitude was correlated with impaired spatial learning and memory in the Barnes maze task in post-FS rats. Our data suggest that impaired neuron–glia interactions may be an essential mechanism of the adverse effects of FS on the developing brain.
The interactive effects of drought and heat stress on photosynthetic efficiency and biochemical defense mechanisms of Amaranthus species

Abstract Drought and heat stress are major abiotic stress factors that limit photosynthesis and other related metabolic processes that hamper plant growth and productivity. Identifying plants that can tolerate abiotic stress conditions is essential for sustainable agriculture. Amaranthus plants can tolerate adverse weather conditions, especially drought and heat, and their leaves and grain are highly nutritious. Because of these traits, amaranth has been identified as a possible crop to be grown in marginal crop production systems. Therefore, this study investigated the photochemical and biochemical responses of Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus hypochondriacus, Amaranthus cruentus, and Amaranthus spinosus to drought stress, heat shock treatments, and a combination of both. After the six‐leaf stage in a greenhouse, plants were subjected to drought stress, heat shock treatments, and a combination of both. Chlorophyll a fluorescence was used to evaluate the photochemical responses of photosystem II to heat shock while subjected to drought stress. It was found that heat shock and a combination of drought and heat shock damages photosystem II, but the level of damage varies considerably between the species. We concluded that A. cruentus and A. spinosus are more heat and drought‐tolerant than Amaranthus caudatus and Amaranthus hypochondriacus.
Experimental Investigation of 3D Dynamical Effects in a Wake behind Circular Cylinder

A circular cylinder in crossflow is subjected to the study of 3D dynamical structure of its wake. The typical dynamics is characterized by quasi-periodic behaviour called Kármán – Bénard vortex street with the typical frequency in dimensionless form known as Strouhal number. The experimental study relies on stereo Particle Image Velocimetry method, the plane of measurement is perpendicular to the flow in the distance 3.8 cylinder diameters in streamwise direction. Reynolds number was around 5 thousand. The structure and dynamical behaviour of the wake along the cylinder axis is studied in details. On the top of the known streamwise velocity deficit definition of the wake, the streamwise oriented dynamically evolving vortices are detected. For the detailed dynamics examination, the Oscillation Pattern Decomposition method was used. Waves of various structures travelling along the cylinder axis as well as some pulsations were identified. The wake dynamics is characterised by the streamwise velocity component deficit and the streamwise vorticity concentration. Both structures are moving periodically in transversal direction with the same frequency, the velocity deficit is shifted by a quarter of period behind the vorticity concentration in the shedding process.
Correlation between Lindane Use and the Incidence of Thyroid Cancer in the United States: An Ecological Study

The increasing rate of thyroid cancer may be attributable to endocrine disruptive chemicals. Lindane is a persistent organochlorine pesticide with endocrine disruptive properties that has been classified as carcinogenic to humans. The aim of this ecological study was to evaluate potential correlation between lindane exposure and thyroid cancer incidence in the United States (US). Data on statewide age-adjusted thyroid cancer incidence rate (per 100,000 people) was obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for all US states for 2019. Lindane use estimates per cropland (kg/acres cropland) were then overlaid on the map of age-adjusted thyroid cancer incidence rate using ArcGIS. The trend of lindane use in the US between 1992 and 2007 was calculated using the Mann Kendall correlation test. The correlation between statewide lindane use and age-adjusted thyroid cancer incidence rates was calculated using Spearman correlation. Lindane use in the US decreased significantly between 1992 and 2007 (T = −0.617; p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant correlation between lindane use in 1992 and thyroid cancer incidence rate for any of the years between 1999 and 2019. Our results suggest that restrictions clearly seem to be effective in reducing lindane use, however, more research is needed for individual pesticides and thyroid cancer.
Effect of disorder on the pressure-induced superconducting state of CeAu 2 Si 2

CeAu2Si2 is a newly discovered pressure-induced heavy fermion superconductor, which shows very unusual interplay between superconductivity and magnetism under pressure. Here we compare the results of high-pressure measurements on single-crystalline CeAu2Si2 samples with different levels of disorder. It is found that while the magnetic properties are essentially sample independent, superconductivity is rapidly suppressed when the residual resistivity of the sample increases. We show that the depression of bulk T-c can be well understood in terms of pair breaking by nonmagnetic disorder, which strongly suggests an unconventional pairing state in pressurized CeAu2Si2. Furthermore, increasing the level of disorder leads to the emergence of another phase transition at T* within the magnetic phase, which might be in competition with superconductivity.