Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
This paper is included in the Proceedings of the 15th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation

Sanitizers detect unsafe actions such as invalid memory accesses by inserting checks that are validated during a program’s execution. Despite their extensive use for debugging and vulnerability discovery, sanitizer checks often induce a high runtime cost. One important reason for the high cost is, as we observe in this paper, that many sanitizer checks are redundant — the same safety property is repeatedly checked — leading to unnecessarily wasted computing resources. To help more proﬁtably utilize sanitizers, we introduce S AN R AZOR , a practical tool aiming to effectively detect and remove redundant sanitizer checks. S AN R AZOR adopts a novel hybrid approach — it captures both dynamic code coverage and static data dependencies of checks, and uses the extracted information to perform a redundant check analysis. Our evaluation on the SPEC benchmarks shows that S AN R A - ZOR can reduce the overhead of sanitizers signiﬁcantly, from 73.8% to 28.0–62.0% for AddressSanitizer, and from 160.1% to 36.6–124.4% for UndeﬁnedBehaviorSanitizer (depending on the applied reduction scheme). Our further evaluation on 38 CVEs from 10 commonly-used programs shows that S AN - R AZOR -reduced checks sufﬁce to detect at least 33 out of the 38 CVEs. Furthermore, by combining S AN R AZOR with an existing sanitizer reduction tool ASAP, we show synergistic effect by reducing the runtime cost to only 7.0% with a reasonable tradeoff of security.
A Novel Control System for Marine Communications using Multi Agent Architecture

With the rapid development of electronic information technology, we explore its important role in the field of antipirate operations. A fast, precise positioning of ship combat intelligent electronic control system often becomes the key to the success or failure of the whole navy escort for merchant ships at sea. This paper analyses the complex system of function and the simulation platform of control technology, proposed for escorting ships prototype of intelligent electronic control simulation system, construct the mathematical model of the system's core, the core mathematical model of intelligent control system of the simulation test. Experiments show that it has better real-time performance, enhance the network interoperability of the simulation platform, and improve the efficiency and quality of the test of the fleet operational electronic intelligent control system.
Reduced premovement positivity during the stimulus-response interval precedes errors: Using single-trial and regression ERPs to understand performance deficits in ADHD.

Brain mechanisms linked to incorrect response selections made under time pressure during cognitive task performance are poorly understood, particularly in adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using subject-specific multimodal imaging (electroencephalogram, magnetic resonance imaging, behavior) during flanker task performance by a sample of 94 human adolescents (mean age = 15.5 years, 50% female) with varying degrees of ADHD symptomatology, we examined the degree to which amplitude features of source-resolved event-related potentials (ERPs) from brain-independent component processes within a critical (but often ignored) period in the action selection process, the stimulus-response interval, were associated with motor response errors (across trials) and error rates (across individuals). Response errors were typically preceded by two smaller peaks in both trial-level and trial-averaged ERP projections from posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC): a frontocentral P3 peaking about 390 ms after stimulus onset, and a premovement positivity (PMP) peaking about 110 ms before the motor response. Separating overlapping stimulus-locked and response-locked ERP contributions using a "regression ERP" approach showed that trial errors and participant error rates were primarily associated with smaller PMP, and not with frontocentral P3. Moreover, smaller PMP mediated the association between larger numbers of errors and ADHD symptoms, suggesting the possible value of using PMP as an intervention target to remediate performance deficits in ADHD.
Dynamically Evolving, Large-scale Information Systems

For an Internet Service provider (ISP), the knowledge of which interdomain paths are traversed by its BGP announcements – and thus traﬃc ﬂows – is essential to predict the impact of network faults, to perform eﬀective traﬃc engineering, to develop peering strategies, and to assess the quality of connectivity provided by the ISP’s upstreams. We present methodologies to discover how the BGP announcements for an ISP’s preﬁx are propagated in the Internet, overcoming the limitations of passive observation of BGP routing tables by actively probing the network using speciﬁc BGP updates. The techniques do not require any changes to current operational practices or BGP implementations. We also show how our techniques may be used to determine the routing policies of other ISPs with respect to the ISP’s preﬁx. We validate our techniques through experimentation in the IPv6 Internet, discuss their possible application to IPv4, and compare their results to more traditional topology discovery techniques. We also discuss the operational impact of our techniques and possible ethical concerns arising from their use.
The forager walk

We present a model for a random walk with memory, phenomenologically inspired in a biological system. The walker has the capacity to remember the time of the last visit to each site and the step taken from there. This memory affects the behaviour of the walker each time it reaches an already visited site modulating the probability of repeating previous moves. This probability increases with the time elapsed from the last visit. A biological analog of the walker is a frugivore, with the lattice sites representing plants. The memory effect can be associated with the time needed by plants to recover its fruit load. We propose two different strategies, conservative and explorative, as well as intermediate cases, leading to non intuitive interesting results, such as the emergence of cycles.
Proceedings of the Society for Computation in Linguistics Proceedings of the Society for Computation in Linguistics

I present a novel algorithm for minimally supervised formal grammar induction using a linguistically-motivated grammar formalism. This algorithm, called the Missing Link algo-rithm (ML), is built off of classic chart parsing methods, but makes use of a probabilistic con-ﬁdence measure to keep track of potentially ambiguous lexical items. Because ML uses a structured grammar formalism, each step of the algorithm can be easily understood by lin-guists, making it ideal for studying the learn-ability of different linguistic phenomena. The algorithm requires minimal annotation in its training data, but is capable of learning nuanced data from relatively small training sets and can be applied to a variety of grammar formalisms. Though evaluating an unsupervised syntactic model is difﬁcult, I present an evaluation using the Corpus of Linguistic Accept-ability and show state-of-the-art performance. 1
A meta-analysis

Background: The main purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the diagnostic value of long-chain non-coding RNA urothelial carcinoembryonic antigen 1 (lncRNA-UCA1) for bladder cancer, and to provide a scientific basis for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. Methods: By searching PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CNKI, Wanfang, Weipu and other databases, in order to collect relevant literature of lncRNA-UCA1 for diagnosis of bladder cancer. The starting and ending time of the search is from the establishment of the database to December 31, 2019. Screen documents and extract data according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. QUADAS entry tool was used to evaluate the quality of literature. Meta-Disc 1.4 and Stata 12.0 software were used for statistical analysis, and UCA1 was combined for the statistics of bladder cancer diagnosis. Results: A total of 7 articles were included in this study, including 954 cases of bladder cancer patients and 482 cases of nonbladder cancer patients. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve AUC of lncRNA-UCA1 used to diagnose bladder cancer was 0.86. The sensitivity was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.80–0.85), and the specificity was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.82–0.89). The positive likelihood ratio is 6.38 (95%CI: 3.01–13.55), and the negative likelihood ratio is 0.20 (95%CI: 0.13–0.31). The diagnostic odds ratio is 33.13 (95% CI: 11.16–98.33). Conclusion: lncRNA-UCA1 has a high value of clinical auxiliary diagnosis for bladder cancer, and it can be further promoted and applied clinically. Abbreviations: dOR = diagnostic odds ratio, lncRNA-UCA1 = long-chain non-coding RNA urothelial carcinoembryonic antigen 1, MDR = multidrug resistance, NLR = negative likelihood ratio, PLR = positive likelihood ratio, ROC = receiver operating characteristic curve, UCA1 = urothelial carcinoembryonic antigen 1.
Biometrics Authorize Me !

And more importantly, should it be doing it? Biometrics is the buzzword " on the mouth " of everyone, who are trying to use this technology in a variety of applications. But all this " hype " about biometrics can be dangerous without a careful evaluation of the real needs of each application. In this paper I'll try to focus on the dangers of using the right technology at the right time in the wrong place.
Epigenetic robotics Modelling cognitive development in robotic systems

What is Epigenetic Robotics? Epigenetic Robotics is a new discipline at the frontier of developmental psychology , neural-, and engineering sciences whose goal is to model the development of cognition in natural and artificial systems. In this effort we see a bi-directional and mutually beneficial exchange of competences between different disciplines: robotics, computer science, neurophysiology, psychology, and artificial intelligence to name a few. Therefore, not only robotics can search for inspiration from results of neuroscience but, perhaps more importantly, it can contribute to neuroscience by suggesting new explanations to experiments and theories. We see robotics as a new tool, filling the same role that systems theory played for computational motor control in the recent past, contributing to the understanding of the functioning of the brain. Robotics research can be, in our view, a new and powerful tool where models of brain functions are implemented and tested against a real physical environment. Moreover, Epigenetic Robotics includes the study of development which provides the unique possibility of observing the appearance and modification of cognitive structures in a progression from the embryo to the adult form. That is, we have the chance of observing the process of construction of cognition. Intuitively this should provide a deeper insight also into the adult manifestation of cognitive skills. Interestingly, the study of development relates to the problem of designing artificial systems that adapt to the environment through learning and by
Feeding Performance of Daphnis nerii on Three Apocynaceae Plant Species

This research was conducted to assess the feeding performance of Daphnis nerii (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) on three Apocynaceae plant species (Allamanda cathartica L., Catharanthus roseus L., and Thevetia peruviana Merr.). Both longand short-term feeding trials were conducted to evaluate variations in insect performance among different plant species. To evaluate the effects of foliage quality on insect feeding performance, leaf tissues from all plant species were collected and assayed for water and nitrogen contents. Results showed substantial among-species variation in insect feeding performance. Larvae survived and grew very well on foliage of Catharanthus roseus L. ; but all larvae died when fed foliage of Allamanda cathartica L. ; Chemical analysis also revealed that foliar nitrogen content differed significantly among plant species. This study shows that D. nerii larvae perform differently on three Apocynaceae plant species, and the difference may due to variations in foliar nutritional and allelochemical factors.
Chapter 31 Landmark-Based Registration Using Features Identified Through Differential Geometry

Registration of 3D medical images consists in computing the “best” transformation between two acquisitions, or equivalently, determines the point to point correspondence between the images. Registration algorithms are usually based either on features extracted from the image (feature-based approaches) or on the optimization of a similarity measure of the images intensities (intensitybased or iconic approaches). Another classification criterion is the type of transformation sought (e.g. rigid or non-rigid).
The Basis of Shared Intentions in Human and Robot Cognition

There is a fundamental difference between robots th at are equipped with sensory, motor and cognitive capabilities, vs. simulations or non-embo died cognitive systems. Via their perceptual and motor capabilities, these robotic systems can inter ac with humans in an increasingly more “natural” way, physically interacting with shared objects in cooperative action settings. Indeed, such cognitiv e robotic systems provide a unique opportunity to dev elopmental psychologists for implementing their theories and testing their hypotheses on systems th at are becoming increasingly “at home” in the senso ry motor and social worlds, where such hypotheses are relevant. The current research is the result of interaction between research in computational neuro science and robotics on the one hand, and developmental psychology on the other. One of the key findings in the developmental psychology context is that with respect to other primates, hum ans appear to have a unique ability and motivation to share goals and intentions with others. This abili ty is expressed in cooperative behavior very early in life, and appears to be the basis for subsequent de velopment of social cognition. Here we attempt to identify a set of core functional elements of coope rative behavior and the corresponding shared intentional representations. We then begin to spec ify how these capabilities can be implemented in a robotic system, the Cooperator, and tested in human -robot interaction experiments. Based on the resul ts of these experiments we discuss the mutual benefit for both fields of the interaction between robotics and developmental psychology.
AES Modes of Operations : CTR-Mode Encryption

Counter-mode encryption (“CTR mode”) was introduced by Diffie and Hellman already in 1979 [5] and is already standardized by, for example, [1, Section 6.4]. It is indeed one of the best known modes that are not standardized in [10]. We suggest that NIST, in standardizing AES modes of operation, should include CTR-mode encryption as one possibility for the next reasons. First, CTR mode has significant efficiency advantages over the standard encryption modes without weakening the security. In particular its tight security has been proven. Second, most of the perceived disadvantages of CTR mode are not valid criticisms, but rather caused by the lack of knowledge. 1 Review of Counter-Mode Encryption Notation. Let EK X denote the encipherment of an n-bit block X using key K and a block cipher E. For concreteness we assume that E AES, so n 128. If X is a nonempty string and i is a nonnegative integer, then X i denotes the X -bit string that one gets by regarding X as a nonnegative number (written in binary, most significant bit first), adding i to this number, taking the result modulo 2 X , and converting this number back into an X -bit string. This is the customary semantics for computer addition. Operation. To encrypt using CTR-mode encryption, one starts with a plaintext M (an arbitrary bit string), a key K, and a counter ctr, where ctr is an n-bit string. Let C be the XOR (excusive-or) of M and the first M bits of the pad EK ctr EK ctr 1 EK ctr 2 . The ciphertext is ctr C , or, more generally, C together with something adequate to recover ctr. To decrypt ciphertext ctr C compute the plaintext M as the XOR of C and the first C bits of the pad EK ctr EK ctr 1 EK ctr 2 . Therefore, decryption is the same as encryption with M and C interchanged (see Figure 1). Often we refer to C itself, rather than ctr C , as the ciphertext. Usage scenarios. In the recommended usage scenario, the party encrypting maintains an integer counter, nonce, initially 0, and produces the string ctr as the 128-bit string which encodes the number nonce 264. (In other words, nonce is regarded as a 64-bit binary number, and ctr is constructed by appending to this number 64 zero-bits.) The number nonce is incremented following each encryption. Typically, one transmits C along with a string which encodes nonce. A well-designed standard for CTR mode should not be overly prescriptive about how ctr is formed or what beyond C is explicitly communicated between sender and receiver. To illustrate some possibilities: (1) the value ctr is derived from a nonce nonce by the method just described, and the ciphertext specifies both nonce and C; (2) the same, except that no nonce-value is explicitly transmitted to the receiver because the sender and the receiver maintain state and
Study of Structure and Properties of Tunisian Typha Leaf Fibers

Typha fiber is derived from the leaves of Typha plant, which belongs to the family Typhaceae. The fiber has been obtained using a hot alkali treatment. Some properties of this fiber, such as diameter, linear density, tensile properties and thermal properties have been determined. Using scanning electron microscope, the morphological structure of the obtained fibers has been investigated and shows a structure similar to a natural composite of ultimate fiber bundles of cellulose. As a result, measured properties have been compared with untreated typha fibers and other lignocellulosic fibers in order to conclude on the importance of the textile potential of the Typha leaf fibers. Keywords—Typha fiber; hot alkali treatment; thermal properties; tensile properties; morphological structure.
Study of steel bars for use in reinforced concrete produced by the “ Tempcore ” process

This paper tries to achieve a better understanding of the mechanical behavior of Tempcore steel, steel whit which almost all reinforced concrete structures are executed nowadays. This text contains a detailed description of what really is Tempcore steel, what are its constituents, its characteristics and the history of steel production technologies until now, also presenting new technologies that might become the future of steel production. An exhaustive description of the legal documents currently in use is made, their evolution in time and how they compare to the Eurocodes which we will soon have to follow. A comparative general analysis of Tempcore steel behavior with cold worked and multialloy high strength steel is presented, identifying potential dangers / holes both in current legislation and Eurocodes in regards to welding and corrosion influence in Tempcore steel behavior. Lastly a series of experimental tests is described with the objective of better characterizing the behavior of Tempcore steel subjected linear tensile tests (traction) when a reduction in diameter occurs, for instance due to corrosion.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Quasi-periodic Oscillations and Broadband Variability in Short

The discovery of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in magnetar giant flares has opened up prospects for neutron star asteroseismology. However, with only three giant flares ever recorded, and only two with data of sufficient quality to search for QPOs, such analysis is seriously data limited. We set out a procedure for doing QPO searches in the far more numerous, short, less energetic magnetar bursts. The short, transient nature of these bursts requires the implementation of sophisticated statistical techniques to make reliable inferences. Using Bayesian statistics, we model the periodogram as a combination of red noise at low frequencies and white noise at high frequencies, which we show is a conservative approach to the problem. We use empirical models to make inferences about the potential signature of periodic and QPOs at these frequencies. We compare our method with previously used techniques and find that although it is on the whole more conservative, it is also more reliable in ruling out false positives. We illustrate our Bayesian method by applying it to a sample of 27 bursts from the magnetar SGR J0501+4516 observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor, and we find no evidence for the presence of QPOs in any of the bursts in the unbinned spectra, but do find a candidate detection in the binned spectra of one burst. However, whether this signal is due to a genuine quasi-periodic process, or can be attributed to unmodeled effects in the noise is at this point a matter of interpretation.
Peripheral Regions in Duress: Counter-Social Capital Impediments of Local Development in Rural Greek Areas

Unlike most enthusiastic narratives of various success stories in recent North European regional economic development led by innovation, localized learning, social capital and institutional embeddedness, this paper deals with a set of major stresses and problems of local economic development in peripheral, less favoured, regions. By drawing upon concrete research experience of regional development projects we try to shed light upon the processes of spatio-economic change and the management of local production in connection with prevailing cultural attitudes/values in less developed Greek rural areas. attidudes/values constituting a kind of localized â€œcounter-social capitalâ€ deposit that impedes any likely innovative local development initiatives. The paper argues that the major problems facing these areas are not only or solely associated with the effects of market economy restructuring and the operation of macroeconomic and macropolitical forces at the regional and local level, but, also with inadequate management of human skills, lack of productive mentality and negative cultural values and attitudes. The policy relevance of our analysis calls for the elaboration of alternative development strategies aimed rather at enchancing local social capital potentialities than at improving hard infrastructures and providing financial incentives to local firms.
Industrial-Driven Big Data as a Self-Service Solution

: This deliverable describes several aspects of the real-time streaming reference architecture of I-BiDaaS. The architecture is compatible with PMML, which enables rapid specification and development of new functionality. It also contains interconnection primitives between the batch and stream processing layers within I-BiDaaS, as well as a proper visualization front-end that allows the real-time display of analytics via auto-updated visual elements. Overall, I-BiDaaS provides the planning, design considerations, and best practices for implementing real-time streaming solutions. To demonstrate its capabilities, we provide a use-case that focus on the processing of Call-Center transcription logs. By processing this data at real-time, enterprises can create models for QoS prediction as well as derive insights into customer metrics and incidents.
Particle Swarm Optimization for Image Noise Cancellation

In this paper, the control of discrete time cellular neural network (DTCNN) systems via particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach is presented. A novel method for designing templates of cellular neural network for image noise cancellation is discussed. Based on PSO method, this approach can design the templates of cellular neural network and diminish noise interference in polluted images. Finally, the demonstrated examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed PSO-CNN methodology.