Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward a Multidimensional Analysis of the National Vulnerability Database

Bring-your-own-device policies, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and smart appliances are all contributing to the increasing diversity of connected devices. It has become imperative to understand the vulnerabilities of these diverse devices (along with traditional compute devices) to appropriately secure their use. In this paper, we conduct a detailed analysis of the vulnerabilities reported for the various hardware and software artifacts in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Vulnerability Database (NVD). We analyze the details of vulnerabilities covering the period 2011-2022. We broadly categorize the vulnerabilities into three product categories: networking, IoT, and computing devices. The data is further classified into application, Operating System (OS), and hardware domains.We analyze the data across the aforementioned categories over four non-overlapping 3-year time periods. The analysis provides insights into salient trends in vulnerabilities across diverse products, and over time. Our work presents interesting findings based on the trends and persistence observed from the analyzed data. Our study points to insights that could lead to improved resource allocation for addressing security concerns.
Applications of injectable hemostatic materials in wound healing: principles, strategies, performance requirements, and future perspectives

Uncontrolled traumatic bleeding can lead to death due to excessive blood loss within minutes. Early intervention is crucial to save lives, making timely and effective hemostasis is a major global challenge. Injectable hemostatic materials (IHMs) have been proposed to improve the effectiveness of hemostasis, facilitate wound healing, and enhance survival rates in emergency situations. The superior hemostatic performance of IHMs has garnered significant attention. However, there are relatively few comprehensive reviews on IHMs. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the latest research progress on IHMs in recent years. Firstly, the physiological hemostatic process and the underlying principles of hemostasis are analyzed. Subsequently, the synthesis strategies for different IHMs are discussed. The performance requirements of IHMs are then summarized, including high efficiency, biocompatibility, degradability, manipulability, stability and antibacterial ability. Finally, the development prospects and challenges of IHMs are presented. This review serves as a necessary and systematic summary of IHMs, providing a valuable reference for the development of new high-performance hemostatic materials and their practical clinical applications.
Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists in the Management of Patients With Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Systematic Review

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) refers to the occurrence of an open erosion in the inner lining of the stomach, duodenum, or sometimes lower esophagus. Treatments like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) are available on the market to efficiently treat the break in the mucosal lining. However, there is little evidence about the effects of the medication on the type and location of the ulcer and the epigastric pain caused by disintegration and increased acidity in the stomach. Given the above, we conducted a systematic review comparing the safety and efficacy of PPIs and H2RAs in various ulcer locations (gastric, duodenal, and pre-pyloric) and the effect of prolonging the treatment with the same medication or changing into a drug from another class in treatment-resistant ulcers. We employed major research literature databases and search engines such as PubMed, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Science Direct, and Google Scholar to find relevant articles. After a thorough screening, a quality check using various tools, and applying filters that suited our eligibility criteria, we identified eight articles, of which five were random clinical trials (RCTs), two review articles, and one meta-analysis. This study compares the different side effects of PPIs and H2RAs. Most studies concluded that omeprazole is superior in healing ulcers and bringing pain relief and that patients resistant to H2RAs can be treated better when switched to a PPI. This study also discusses the adverse effects of chronic use, such as diarrhea, constipation, headaches, and gastrointestinal infections. Patients on long-term PPI therapy are required to take calcium supplements to prevent the risk of fractures in older adults. Regarding long-term outcomes, PPIs remain the mainstay of treatment for peptic ulcer disease, based on the papers we reviewed.
Proton array focused by a laser-irradiated mesh

We present a technique on focusing laser-driven proton beams in an array pattern by employing a copper mesh irradiated by a separate, intense laser pulse. Transient fields are generated on the mesh following the intense interaction. Under the combined effect of collisional scattering and electrical deflections from the mesh, a laser-driven proton beam is split into multiple focused beams with a high density of ∼4 × 109/cm2 after propagation through the charged-up mesh. The particle density within the focused beamlets is up to ∼11 times the initial density of the proton beam. Multiple beam focusing through this approach may open routes for proton beam conditioning, leading to opportunities for multi-beam applications, such as tomographic radiography and proton implantation.We present a technique on focusing laser-driven proton beams in an array pattern by employing a copper mesh irradiated by a separate, intense laser pulse. Transient fields are generated on the mesh following the intense interaction. Under the combined effect of collisional scattering and electrical deflections from the mesh, a laser-driven proton beam is split into multiple focused beams with a high density of ∼4 × 109/cm2 after propagation through the charged-up mesh. The particle density within the focused beamlets is up to ∼11 times the initial density of the proton beam. Multiple beam focusing through this approach may open routes for proton beam conditioning, leading to opportunities for multi-beam applications, such as tomographic radiography and proton implantation.
Time and Cost-Efficient Cloud Data Transmission based on Serverless Computing Compression

Nowadays, there exists a lot of cross-region data transmission demand on cloud. It is promising to use serverless computing for compressing data to save the transmission data amount. However, it is challenging to estimate the data transmission time and monetary cost with serverless compression. In addition, minimizing the data transmission cost is non-trivial due to enormous parameter space and joint optimization. This paper focuses on this problem and makes the following contributions: (1) We propose empirical data transmission time and monetary cost models based on serverless compression. (2) For single-task cloud data transmission, we propose two efficient parameter search methods based on Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP ) and Eliminate then Divide and Conquer (EDC), which are theoretically proven with error upper bounds. (3) Furthermore, for multi-task cloud data transmission, a parameter search method based on dynamic programming and numerical computation is proposed to reduce the algorithm complexity from exponential to linear complexity. We have implemented the entire actual system and evaluated it with various workloads and application cases on the real-world AWS serverless computing platform. Experimental results on cross-region public cloud show that the proposed approach can improve the parameter search efficiency by more than 3× compared with the state-of-art parameter search methods and achieves better parameter quality. Compared with other competing cloud data transmission approaches, our approach is able to achieve higher time efficiency and lower monetary cost.
Input Current of H-bridge Inverters with Asymmetric Switch Parameters for Wireless Power Transfer Applications

In modern DC distribution networks both consumer and prosumer devices are interfaced to the grid via power converters equipped with suitable filtering circuitry to mitigate conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI), also referred to as conducted emissions (CE). However, the presence of asymmetries in the converter, such as the deviation of the component parameters from the designed ones and possible device failure, can significantly alter the input current and voltage waveforms while the device still works satisfactorily. This inevitably leads to an increase in the harmonic pollution in the power grid, being the EMI filters designed for acting on different waveforms. This paper investigates the effect that non-idealities of power switches have on the input current of an H-bridge inverter.
A sufficient condition for a connected DG algebra to be Calabi-Yau

Abstract Assume that A is a connected cochain DG algebra such that the trivial DG algebra is a Calabi-Yau DG algebra. We show that A is also a Calabi-Yau DG algebra. As applications, we study the Calabi-Yau property of a connected cochain DG algebra A when H(A) belongs to certain types of 3-Calabi-Yau graded algebras.
A New Multi-Class Rebalancing Framework for Imbalance Medical Data

Class imbalance exists in many data domains, posing numerous challenges to the data research community. Medical datasets, in most cases, are predominantly imbalanced in nature. Through tackling multi-class issues, most researchers preferred the conventional method of decomposing it into binary classes for a more convenient solution. This method is not applicable for solving sensitive and crucial domains, such as medical data. Classifying medical datasets require all the classes to retain their form and maintain clinical validity. In this article, we develop a rebalancing framework for the multi-classification of imbalanced medical data using SCUT (SMOTE and Cluster-based Undersampling Technique) to rebalance the imbalanced class distribution, a feature selection method using a combination of SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE), and DES-MI (Dynamic Ensemble Selection for multi-class) for improved multi classification performance. Two novelties contribute to the performance of our framework: improvised SCUT by implementing two clustering algorithms, and our proposed pool classifier selection for DES-MI. The performance of the proposed framework was compared with other state-of-the-art imbalanced frameworks using eight imbalanced datasets, each with varying degrees of imbalance. The experimental results indicate that our proposed framework performed better with average performance of 81.77%, 73.57%, and 75.87% in terms of Macro Average accuracy, extended G-mean, and Macro Average AUC, respectively. Our framework drastically increases the overall performance, owing to its ability to significantly handles the multi-class imbalance problem.
Clinical significance of mechanistic target of rapamycin expression in vessels that encapsulate tumor cluster‐positive hepatocellular carcinoma patients who have undergone living donor liver transplantation

Abstract Background There is limited published information regarding the expression of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in vessels that encapsulate tumor cluster (VETC)‐positive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, has been approved as an immunosuppressant for use in HCC patients after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Methods Using a database of 214 patients who underwent LDLT for HCC, we examined the mTOR protein and angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2) in VETC‐positive HCC by immunohistochemical staining. The presence of VETC and mTOR expression were evaluated in both primary and recurrent HCC lesions. Results Forty‐three of the 214 patients (20.1%) were VETC‐positive, and 29 of these 43 patients (67.4%) expressed mTOR. Relative Ang‐2 expression was significantly higher in the mTOR‐positive than in the mTOR‐negative group (p = 0.037). Thirty‐four of the 214 patients experienced HCC recurrence after LDLT; 20 of these were operable. The primary lesions of six of these 20 patients were VETC‐positive; five of these six patients also had VETC‐positive recurrent lesions (p < 0.001). The expression of mTOR was significantly higher in the VETC‐positive lesions (p = 0.0018). Conclusions We showed that mTOR expression was higher in the VETC‐positive primary and recurrent lesions than in the VETC‐negative ones.
Propriétés sous écoulement des suspensions colloïdales de particules non-sphériques : cas des argiles naturelles

Nous avons cherche a comprendre le comportement sous ecoulement de suspensions colloidales d'argiles naturelles. Les particules constitutives de ces argiles ont comme particularite d'etre extremement anisotropes puisqu'elles se presentent (en moyenne) sous la forme de disques de 200 nm de diametre pour une epaisseur de 1 nm. Ces materiaux presentent des proprietes mecaniques remarquables parmi lesquelles une forte rheofluidification ainsi que l'apparition de seuils d'ecoulement et ce, pour de tres faibles fractions volumiques en particules (environ 1%). Afin de comprendre l'origine de ces proprietes mecaniques, nous avons mis en place un dispositif experimental permettant d'effectuer simultanement des mesures de viscosite (en cellule de Couette cylindrique) et des mesures de diffusion de rayons-X aux petits angles. Le champ orientationnel de particules 2D tres anisotropes en ecoulement cisaille a ainsi ete mesure. En l'absence de cisaillement, et dans la phase de liquide isotrope, les particules s'orientent librement et occupent statistiquement un volume equivalent a celui de la sphere de volume exclu englobant la particule. En appliquant un cisaillement croissant on confine les particules discoidales, faisant passer progressivement le volume de fluide piege dans le mouvement moyen des particules de la sphere de volume exclu a un ellipsoide a double anisotropie. Connaissant le champ orientationnel des particules on peut alors, par le biais d'une relation viscosite - fraction volumique de type Quemada, reconstruire la rheofluidification de ces suspensions en prenant en compte, non pas la fraction volumique en disques mais celle en ellipsoides de confinement
Design of Cascaded Millimeter Wave Radar for Concealed Item Imaging

In this paper a 12-transmitter, 16-receiver cascaded millimeter-wave(mmWave) radar is designed for scenarios such as concealed item imaging and damage detection. The designed cascaded radar has 12 transmit antennas and 16 receive antennas, forming a virtual antenna array with 192 antenna elements. The cascaded radar is sampled in space by the movement of a two-axis motorized rail for two-dimensional (2-D) image reconstruction of metal items hidden under clothing, plastic, and packaging. The cascaded radar system extends the antenna array, and shortens the imaging scanning time, which has great potential in complex security inspection applications.
Estimation of Total Nitrogen and Phosphorus in New England Streams Using Spatially Referenced Regression Models

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission (NEWIPCC), has developed a water-quality model, called SPARROW (Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watershed Attributes), to assist in regional total maximum daily load (TMDL) and nutrient-criteria activities in New England. SPARROW is a spatially detailed, statistical model that uses regression equations to relate total nitrogen and phosphorus (nutrient) stream loads to nutrient sources and watershed characteristics. The statistical relations in these equations are then used to predict nutrient loads in unmonitored streams. The New England SPARROW models are built using a hydrologic network of 42,000 stream reaches and associated watersheds. Watershed boundaries are defined for each stream reach in the network through the use of a digital elevation model and existing digitized watershed divides. Nutrient source data is from permitted wastewater discharge data from USEPA’s Permit Compliance System (PCS), various land-use sources, and atmospheric deposition. Physical watershed characteristics include drainage area, land use, streamflow, time-of-travel, stream density, percent wetlands, slope of the land surface, and soil permeability. The New England SPARROW models for total nitrogen and total phosphorus have R-squared values of 0.95 and 0.94, with mean square errors of 0.16 and 0.23, respectively. Variables that were statistically significant in the total nitrogen model include permitted municipal-wastewater discharges, atmospheric deposition, agricultural area, and developed land area. Total nitrogen stream-loss rates were significant only in streams with average annual flows less than or equal to 2.83 cubic meters per second. In streams larger than this, there is nondetectable in-stream loss of annual total nitrogen in New England. Variables that were statistically significant in the total phosphorus model include discharges for municipal wastewater-treatment facilities and pulp and paper facilities, developed land area, agricultural area, and forested area. For total phosphorus, loss rates were significant for reservoirs with surface areas of 10 square kilometers or less, and in streams with flows less than or equal to 2.83 cubic meters per second. Applications of SPARROW for evaluating nutrient loading in New England waters include estimates of the spatial distributions of total nitrogen and phosphorus yields, sources of the nutrients, and the potential for delivery of those yields to receiving waters. This information can be used to (1) predict ranges in nutrient levels in surface waters, (2) identify the environmental variables that are statistically significant predictors of nutrient levels in streams, (3) evaluate monitoring efforts for better determination of nutrient loads, and (4) evaluate management options for reducing nutrient loads to achieve water-quality goals.
Interpreting the Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Joint Replacement: Minimum clinically important difference values vary over time within the same patient population

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the preferred treatment for end-stage osteoarthritis. Minimal clinical important difference (MCID) quantifies if a patient achieves a successful outcome following TKA. This study aims to determine the MCID for Knee Injury Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Joint Replacement (KOOS JR) at two designated time intervals and to compare methodologies for calculating MCID. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROM) were prospectively evaluated for 956 patients undergoing TKA between 2017 and 2018 at a single health care system. Patients who completed baseline, 3-month and 1-year post-operative PROM surveys at clinical follow-up were included in the study. MCID was calculated from baseline to 3-months and baseline to 1-year using anchoring and distribution-based methods. Average KOOS JR scores at baseline, 3-month, and 1-year follow-up were 51.7 ± 11.7, 69.2 ± 12.0, and 76.3 ± 14.5. The KOOS JR MCID determined by the PROMIS10 physical health anchoring method was 21.5 ± 14.9 and 27.9 ± 16.0 for the 3-month and 1-year intervals. The KOOS JR MCID determined by the PROMIS10 quality-of-life anchoring method was 21.2 ± 14.9 and 28.9 ± 15.8 for the 3-month and 1-year intervals. The MCID calculated by the distribution method was 7.4 and 8.2 for the 3-month and 1-year intervals. KOOS JR MCID varies as a function of time and is variable within the same population depending on MCID calculation methodology. Improved strategy for calculating or standardizing MCID is required to better guide use of KOOS JR and other PROMs in clinical decision-making.
Personalizing Product Recommendations using Collaborative Filtering in Online Retail: A Machine Learning Approach

In recent years, the adoption of machine learning algorithms in e-marketing has surged, particularly in the realm of personalized product recommendations tailored to customer preferences, which can significantly enhance customer engagement and boost sales. This paper addresses the challenge of identifying the most effective algorithm for crafting personalized recommendations in the context of online retail, leveraging a transactional data set. Specifically, the study centers on the utilization of the collaborative filtering algorithm, notably the widely acclaimed Alternate Least Squares algorithm, to scrutinize customers' purchase histories and discern patterns in their preferences. The objective is to construct a recommendation system capable of delivering tailored product suggestions to each customer based on their purchase history and the preferences of analogous customers. To assess the system's efficacy, performance metrics were employed, and a comparative analysis against other machine learning algorithms was conducted to evaluate the recommendation accuracy. The study highlights the potency of collaborative filtering in recognizing patterns in customer behavior and preferences, underscoring its potential to elevate customer engagement and drive sales in e-commerce.
Chronic stress parameters in pigs

Previously we showed that pigs reared in an enriched environment had higher baseline salivary cortisol concentrations during the light period than pigs reared under barren conditions. In the present experiment it was investigated whether these higher baseline salivary cortisol concentrations were a real difference in cortisol concentration or merely represented a phase difference in circadian rhythm. The effects of different cortisol concentrations on the behavioural responses to novelty and learning and long-term memory in a maze test were also studied in enriched and barren housed pigs. At 9 weeks of age enriched and barren housed pigs did not differ in baseline salivary cortisol concentrations nor in circadian rhythm, but at 22 weeks of age barren housed pigs had a blunted circadian rhythm in salivary cortisol as compared to enriched housed pigs. The differences in baseline salivary cortisol concentrations between enriched and barren housed pigs are age-dependent and become visible after 15 weeks of age. Enriched and barren housed piglets did not differ in time spent on exploration in the novel environment test. Barren housed pigs had an impaired long-term memory in the maze test as compared to enriched housed pigs, however, no differences in learning abilities between enriched and barren housed pigs were found. Because blunted circadian cortisol rhythms are often recorded during states of chronic stress in pigs and rats or during depression in humans, it is suggested that the blunted circadian rhythm in cortisol in barren housed pigs similarily may reflect decreased welfare.