Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High‐frequency modeling of Cu‐graphene heterogeneous interconnects

One novel interconnect scheme consisting of both Cu and graphene sheet is proposed in this paper, with the advantages of both materials exploited greatly. It is shown that the introduction of graphene layers in such heterogeneous interconnect scheme can reduce its effective resistance and thereby improve its transmission performance. On the other hand, it is also demonstrated that both coated and double‐coated structures possess better electrical performance than that of the sandwich one at high frequencies, because the graphene is placed at the interconnect surface where current is crowded. With the help of Partial Element Equivalent Circuit method, together with equivalent circuit technique, the transmission characteristics of some Cu‐graphene interconnects are captured and compared with that of Cu wire, and the advantages of such heterogeneous interconnects can be enlarged with the advanced technology. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LOWELL OBSERVATORY ENTERS THE TWENTIETH CENTURY—IN THE 1950S

By the 1950s the Lowell Observatory was stagnant. The three senior astronomers had been there for decades, and they were no longer doing much research or publishing. Yet they jealously guarded the telescopes and prevented younger colleagues from using them effectively. V.M. Slipher, Director since 1916, had been a very productive astronomer in his youth, when he was guided by founder Percival Lowell, but now he devoted his remaining energies to his many business interests. The Observatory's sole Trustee, a nephew of the founder, was busy with his business and politics in Massachusetts and slow to exert authority in Flagstaff, Arizona. Finally, after C.O. Lampland died and V.M. and E.C. Slipher were in their seventies, the Trustee decided that he had to make a change. He brought in mathematician Albert Wilson, who had been leading the Palomar Sky Survey for Caltech. One of Wilson's qualifications seems to be that he was acceptable to the Slipher brothers. Wilson started the Observatory on the road to modernity but ran into personal problems as well as difficulty managing Observatory personnel, and he resigned after a little more than two years. John Hall became Director in 1958, just as the American reaction to Sputnik made abundant Federal resources available to science. In his nineteen years as Director Hall completely revived the historic institution and brought it into the late twentieth century.
LIDAR assisted collective pitch control

Nacelle based pulsed LIDAR (Light detection and ranging) systems provide preview information of wind disturbances at various distances in front of wind turbines. In previous work it has been shown that this information can be used to improve the speed regulation of wind turbines by a look-ahead update to the collective pitch control, which indicates load reduction of tower and blades. In the scope of the UpWind project a first fatigue and extreme load analysis has been done to concretize the improvement of look-ahead collective pitch control using LIDAR.
Perception-Based CTU Level Bit Allocation for Intra High Efficiency Video Coding

The conventional rate control algorithm does not fully consider the characteristics of the Human Visual System (HVS). To address this problem, in this paper, a perception based Coding Tree Unit (CTU) level bit allocation algorithm for intra High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is proposed, which aims to minimize the perceptual distortion of each CTU under a given bit rate constraint. Firstly, to better represent perceptual distortion, Perceptually Weighted Mean Squared Error (PWMSE) is adopted instead of Mean Squared Error (MSE). Then, the relationship between Rate (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and Perceptually Weighted Distortion (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$D_{p})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is formulated by the proposed <italic>R-</italic><inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textit{D}_{p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> model. Finally, the perceptual weighting factor derived from the <italic>R-</italic><inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textit{D}_{p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> model is used to guide CTU level bit allocation. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves 6.27% bit rate reduction and 0.38 dB Bjøntegaard Delta Perceptually Weighted Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (BD-PWPSNR) gain on average. Under other seven quality evaluation metrics, the proposed algorithm achieves from 1.57% to 8.95% average bit rate reduction while maintaining the perceptual quality, which significantly outperforms the benchmark schemes. Moreover, the proposed perception-based CTU level bit allocation algorithm also maintains a high rate control accuracy, which reaches 99.997%.
Which substrate is best for EMI?

This paper compares five groups of substrate technologies from an EMI viewpoint. The substrates, which were chosen to represent those in common usage, are: (1) "standard" epoxy types (FR-4, FR-N etc); (2) "flex" substrates; (3) LTCC ceramic substrates; (4) diffusion patterned substrates; and (5) HDI (high density interconnect).
Competence at Work: Models for Superior Performance

Partial table of contents: THE CONCEPT OF COMPETENCE. Definition of a "Competency". A COMPETENCY DICTIONARY. Achievement and Action. Managerial. Cognitive. DEVELOPING A MODEL. Designing Competency Studies. Conducting the Behavioral Event Interview. FINDINGS: GENERIC COMPETENCY MODELS. Salespeople. Helping and Human Service Workers. Entrepreneurs. COMPETENCY-BASED APPLICATIONS. Performance Management. Pay. Societal Applications. Competency-Based Human Resource Management in the Future. Bibliography. Index.
21-Channel Surround System Based on Physical Reconstruction of a Three Dimensional Target Sound Field

This paper presents the 21-channel sound field reconstruction system based on the physical reconstruction of a three dimensional target sound field over the pre-defined control volume. According to the virtual sound source position and intensity, each loudspeaker signal is estimated through convolving with appropriate FIR filter to reconstruct a target sound field. In addition, the gain of FIR filter is only applied to the mid frequency band of a sound source signal to prevent aliasing effects and to save the computational complexity at the high frequency bands. Also the whole filter processing is carried out at the frequency domain to adopt a real-time application. Through the subjective listening tests the proposed system showed better performance on the localization in the horizontal plane comparing with conventional panning method.
Recursive Natural Sampling for Digital PWM

This paper presents a highly accurate and computationally efficient method for digital-domain computation of naturally sampled digital pulse width modulation (PWM) signals. This method is used in a switching digital audio amplifier. The method is scalable for performance versus calculation complexity. Using a second order version of the algorithm with no iteration, intermodulation linearity of better than 113 dB is obtained with a full scale input at 19 kHz and 20 kHz. Matlab simulation and measured results from a digital amplifier implemented with this algorithm are presented. Overall system performance is not limited by the accuracy of the natural sampling method.
Computer Programs for Air/Ground Propagation and Interference Analysis (0.1 to 20 GHz)

This report describes three computer programs for use in predicting the service coverage associated with air/ ground radio systems operating in the frequency band from 0.1 to 20 GHz. Power density, station separation, and service volume programs are used to obtain computer-generated microfilm plots. These are: (1) power density available at a particular altitude versus distance from a groundbased transmitting facility; (2) the desired-to-undesired signal ratio, D/U, available at an isotropic receiving antenna versus the distance separating desired and undesired facilities; and (3) constant D/U contours in the altitude versus distance space between the desired and undesired facilities. A detailed discussion of the propagation model involved and program listings are included in the appendices.
Fully Automated Microsystem for Unmediated Electrochemical Characterization, Visualization and Monitoring of Bacteria on Solid Media; E. coli K-12: A Case Study

In this paper, we present a non-fluidic microsystem for the simultaneous visualization and electrochemical evaluation of confined, growing bacteria on solid media. Using a completely automated platform, real-time monitoring of bacterial and image-based computer characterization of growth were performed. Electrochemical tests, using Escherichia coli K-12 as the model microorganism, revealed the development of a faradaic process at the bacteria–microelectrode interface inside the microsystem, as implied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectrometry measurements. The electrochemical information was used to determine the moment in which bacteria colonized the electrode-enabled area of the microsystem. This microsystem shows potential advantages for long-term electrochemical monitoring of the extracellular environment of cell culture and has been designed using readily available technologies that can be easily integrated in routine protocols. Complementarily, these methods can help elucidate fundamental questions of the electron transfer of bacterial cultures and are potentially feasible to be integrated into current characterization techniques.
What is the role of the PN in the care of people living with dementia, or cognitive impairment, and their support person(s)? : A systematic review.

Background: The potential value of expanding the Practice Nurse role to include the recognition and management of dementia has been acknowledged and Practice Nurses are well-positioned to provide comprehensive dementia information and support so that people living with dementia are better equipped to self-manage their health and live well with dementia. The purpose of this review was to systematically examine published Australian and international literature to identify the existing and potential roles of Practice Nurse’s involvement in the delivery of care to people living with dementia or cognitive impairment and their support person(s) and also describe the characteristics and effectiveness of nurse interventions in dementia models of care in general practice. Methods: We systematically reviewed the evidence for roles and characteristics of the Practice Nurse in the delivery of dementia care. A comprehensive literature search identified relevant original research published in English between January 2000 and January 2019 and available in full text. Thirteen articles were included. Results: Characteristics of roles, undertaken by nurses working in the general practice setting, which were potentially beneficial to people living with dementia and their support person were identified. These included increased patient accessibility to the Practice Nurse, early recognition and management of cognitive changes, care management and collaboration with the General Practitioner. Limitations of the provision of dementia care by Practice Nurses included a lack of definition of the role, inadequate dementia specific training, time constraints and poor communication with General Practitioners. Conclusions Further research is required to define and evaluate the scope of practice and characteristics of the Practice Nurse role in dementia care provision. Embedding in usual general practice care an evidence-based model of care describing the role of the Practice Nurse in dementia care provision has the potential to increase early recognition of cognitive impairment and more appropriate primary care management of dementia. Systematic Review registration number PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018088191
Light dilution via diffusers:enhancing algal productivity

Microalgae are promising feedstock for biofuels. The productivity of these microorganisms greatly exceeds that of oil containing agricultural crops, without competing for arable land. The most common commercial microalgal culture system in use today is the paddlewheel driven raceway pond. The benefits of these ponds include ease of build and operation. The disadvantages include high contamination risks and lower productivity, mainly due to weak light penetration. This report describes the process of testing a device designed to dilute and diffuse light throughout an algal culture, thereby increasing growth and productivity. The limited amount of research that has been done on the concept of spatial light dilution has concentrated on applying the technique to enclosed photobioreactors (PBR). Using devices ranging from as basic as hollow glass cones to sophisticated computer controlled PBR’s, some promising results have emerged. Applying spatial light dilution to a raceway pond has not been reported within the known literature. Light diffusers were designed and constructed by Renewable Energy Investments©, an industry partner. The goal was to find benefits of the diffusers if applied to commercial algae cultivation. A control pond and a test pond were constructed to directly compare the effect of the diffusers on physiological algal characteristics such as growth rate and productivity. Light measurements indicate that under certain conditions the diffusers do enhance irradiance levels within the pond, by as much as 20%. So far no resulting increase in productivity has been observed. It is assumed that other factors are currently limiting any increase in growth. This assumption is currently being tested along with modified versions of the diffusers.
L'impresa famigliare: un reperto di antiquariato o una specificitâˆšÃ‰ istituzionale?

Secondo Alfred Chandler l'impresa famigliare âˆsA‰Â¬Â® un modello di controllo che via via âˆsA‰Â¬Â® destinato a lasciare posto alla moderna grande impresa manageriale. La persistenza della natura famigliare del capitalismo britannico sarebbe stata una delle cause del declino britannico per gran parte del novecento. In realtâˆsA‰ , l'impresa famigliare âˆsA‰Â¬Â® una tipologia d'impresa molto diffusa in tutti i Paesi del mondo. L'impresa manageriale a proprietâˆsA‰ diffusa invece âˆsA‰Â¬Â® una tipologia presente quasi esclusivamente negli Stati Uniti, nel Regno Unito e in pochi altri paesi anglo-sassoni. L'impresa famigliare rappresenta una versione della piâˆsA‰Â¬I€ generale categoria delle imprese a proprietâˆsA‰ concentrata. I diversi tipi di governo societario dipendono dalle caratteristiche istituzionali dei vari Paesi e non âˆsA‰Â¬Â® possibile affermare che l'impresa famigliare sia destinata all'estinzione. Vi sono varie ragioni che possono spiegare la diffusione di questa tipologia d'impresa: ragioni d'efficienza e ragioni legate a fattori culturali. Analisi empiriche recenti sembrano del resto evidenziare che le imprese famigliari conseguono risultati migliori in termini di redditivitâˆsA‰ rispetto alle imprese non famigliari. Sembra rilevante la generazione e il ruolo della famiglia nella gestione dell'impresa. In Italia la proprietâˆsA‰ e il controllo famigliari sono prevalenti.
New transpulmonary thermodilution approach to assess hemodynamic changes in patients undergoing open abdominal cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy

Purpose The current treatment of peritoneal cancer combines cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). The present study aimed to use the VolumeView TM system to investigate the intraoperative physiological changes, including extravascular lung water, in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC. Methods This prospective, observational study enrolled 21 patients undergoing elective cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC at our hospital between December 2014 and April 2016. In all patients, we applied the VolumeView TM system (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA). Internal jugular vein and femoral artery accesses were required to monitor hemodynamic parameters. Data were recorded and analyzed before skin incision; 30 min before HIPEC initiation; 30, 60, and 90 min after HIPEC initiation; 30 min after HIPEC completion; and 10 min before surgery completion. Results During HIPEC, patients showed a rise in body temperature, decrease in the systemic vascular resistance index, and increase in cardiac output. The global end-diastolic volume index was 715.4–809.7, and the extravascular lung water index was 6.9–7.3. Rapid insulin (mean, 6.8 units) was administered because of increased glucose levels, and lactate levels steadily increased during HIPEC. Only 1 patient had acute kidney injury postoperatively, and the mean length of hospital stay was 17 days. Conclusion Our study demonstrated the intraoperative physiological changes in patients undergoing open cytoreductive abdominal surgery with HIPEC. Advanced hemodynamic monitoring should be considered for better anesthetic management in these patients.
Information Technology, Organizations and People: Transformations in the UK Retail Financial Services

This wide-ranging volume presents in-depth research into the effect of new information technologies on organizational structure, assesses their progress towards transformation and describes the changes they are making to long-established business process roles, cultures and working practices. The book is based upon a series of rolling surveys carried out between 1989 and the present day, and funded by leading organizations such as IBM and KPMG. It provides a detailed picture of a sector in transition during a period of anxiety and doubt dominated by restructuring, downsizing and experimentation with re-engineering. As the 'lean and mean' emerge, they must now ask themselves if their competencies will enable them to survive into the next decade as competitors, such as Sainsburys, Virgin, Microsoft and Ford position themselves to become major players in the sector. This book is a major contribution to the debate on the growth of knowledge work, the need for core organizational competencies in the information age and the need for evolutionary, or radical, change.
Correction to Analytical expression of sampled Bragg gratings with chirp in the sampling period and

An analytical expression for a sampled Bragg grating (SBG) with chirp in the sampling period (CSP) is derived for the first time. It is shown that such a grating can be equivalent to a special SBG with a chirp in the grating period (CGP) which is varied in the stopbands. The corresponding equivalent chirp coefficients are determined, and the design procedure of a SBG with both CSP and CGP is outlined aiming at dispersion management in WDM system device.
Fiber optic highly over‐coupled coupler sensors

We report on the development of prototype vibration and acoustic motion sensors using highly over‐coupled couplers (HOCC). A HOCC fabricated with equal power in both arms after 550 optical power transfer cycles and when illuminated with a light source of 15 μW at a wavelength of 850 nm, this device has a sensitivity of 0.9 μW/μm. A prototype of an optical fiber vibration sensor was made by clamping the 550 cycled HOCC to a cantilever stage to which a vibration source was attached. The maximum linear range of this particular prototype is 12 μm. We have also demonstrated a HOCC having 2150 cycles at 850 nm which has a sensitivity of 4 μW/μm. A HOCC sensor has the possible advantages of high resolution, low cost, and all fiber structure.
Design of DG-MOSFETs for high linearity performance

In this paper, we carry out such a study for the first time and investigate the linearity of DG-MOSFETs using accurate 2-D device simulations. we also show that the DG-MOSFET linearity may be optimised by use of nonuniform doping techniques including low-high and delta doping profiles.
Disparities in Health Care for Hispanic Patients in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in the United States: A Narrative Review.

In the United States, the number of people with Hispanic backgrounds is rapidly increasing. This growth, along with other factors, may put them at increased risk for healthcare disparities. Thus, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) should evaluate disparities in health services through the lens of the evidence base. To our knowledge, this is the first review describing the literature on healthcare disparities for Hispanic patients in the field of PM&R. This review explores healthcare utilization, risk factors, access, and health conditions specific to Hispanic populations. Articles used in this narrative review were collected over a 10-year span (2009-2018) from online databases.Our findings highlight disparities across common conditions and injuries in the PM&R literature, including post stroke rehabilitation, hip fracture treatment and rehabilitation, spinal cord injury, and traumatic brain injury. Our review suggests that Hispanic patients may be at risk for worse outcomes following these conditions, due to low access to rehabilitation services and disparities in the referral process. Similar results are reported for pain management and Parkinson's disease. As we strive to provide optimal care to an increasingly diverse patient population, researchers and clinicians must consider effects of race and ethnicity on access to and utilization of rehabilitation services.
Unjuk Kerja Isolator 20 kV Bahan Resin Epoksi Silane Silika Kondisi Basah dan Kering

Salah satu peralatan listrik yang penting dalam sistem tenaga listrik adalah isolator yang berfungsi sebagai penyangga kawat saluran udara, sekaligus secara elektris sebagai penyekat (isolasi) antara konduktor bertegangan dengan menara (tower) transmisi. Isolator dengan bahan keramik, porselen dan kaca sudah digunakan secara luas. Saat ini sedang dikembangkan isolator dengan bahan polimer antara lain silicon rubber dan resin epoksi. Faktor lingkungan seperti kelembaban, temperature, hujan, dan kontaminan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap unjuk kerja isolator. Terutama pada saat kondisi basah, permukaan isolator akan mudah mengalirkan sehingga terjadi pemanasan pada bagian permukaan dan akibatnya dapat menyebabkan flashover. Makalah ini melaporkan hasil penelitian mengenai unjuk kerja isolator 20 kV yang terbuat dari bahan resin epoksi silane silica. Pengujian dilakukan di laboratorium dalam kondisi basah dan kondisi kering. Parameter unjuk kerja isolator yang diamati adalah sudut kontak, arus bocor, dan tegangan flashover. Parameter hasil pengukuran digunakan untuk membandingkan dan menganalisa sudut kontak, arus bocor, tegangan flashover yang terjadi pada permukaan isolator kondisi basah dan kondisi kering. H asil pengujian dan analisa menunjukkan bahwa nilai tegangan flashover kondisi basah lebih kecil daripada saat kondisi kering dan arus bocor pada kondisi basah lebih besar daripada saat kondisi kering. Tegangan flashover isolator kondisi basah adalah 60,688 kV ; dan pada tegangan terapan 18,64 kV diperoleh nilai arus bocor 103,207 μA . Sementara tegangan flashover pada kondisi kering diperoleh 111,320 kV dan nilai arus bocor 42,701 μA . S udut kontak permukaan isolator diperoleh nilai 66,118 0 - 74,717 0 yang dapat dikategorikan bersifat partially wetted ( basah sebagian). Kata kunci : Tegangan flashover, sudut kontak, resin epoksi, isolator 20 kV, arus bocor
Detector basado en diodo Schottky en la banda de 35 a 47 GHz

This work shows the design and experimental results of a square-law hybrid detector using a Schottky diode. The design is intended to cover the frequency band 35-47 GHz. The circuit is based on the use of a low effective potential barrier GaAs Schottky diode. Experimental results show a good performance in terms of voltage sensitivity and return loss in a wide frequency range at Q-band: a sensitivity of around 1100 mV/mW for an input power of -30 dBm, return loss better than -12 dB, and an input power for 1 dB sensitivity compression of around -14 dBm.