Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Controlling of the Lorenz Chaotic System Using the SMC and APP Methods

The Lorenz chaotic system is based on a nonlinear behavior and this causes the system to be unstable. Therefore, two different controller models were developed and named as the adaptive pole placement and sliding mode control (SMC) methods for the establishment of continuous time nonlinear Lorenz chaotic system. In order to achieve this, an improved controller structure was developed first theoretically for both the controller methods and then tested practically using the numerical samples. During the establishment of adaptive pole placement method for the Lorenz chaotic system, various stages were applied. The nonlinear chaotic system was also linearized by means of Taylor Series expansion processes. In addition, the feedback matrix of the adaptive pole placement method was determined using linear Jacobian matrix. The chaotic system reached an equilibrium point by using both the SMC and adaptive pole placement methods; however the simulation results of the SMC had better success than adaptive pole placement control technique.
Fast derivation of neural network based document vectors with distance constraint and negative sampling

A universal cross-lingual representation of documents is very important for many natural language processing tasks. In this paper, we present a document vectorization method which can effectively create document vectors via self-attention mechanism using a neural machine translation (NMT) framework. The model used by our method can be trained with parallel corpora that are unrelated to the task at hand. During testing, our method will take a monolingual document and convert it into a "Neural machine Translation framework based crosslingual Document Vector with distance constraint training" (cNTDV). cNTDV is a follow-up study from our previous research on the neural machine translation framework based document vector. The cNTDV can produce the document vector from a forward-pass of the encoder with fast speed. Moreover, it is trained with a distance constraint, so that the document vector obtained from different language pair is always consistent with each other. In a cross-lingual document classification task, our cNTDV embeddings surpass the published state-of-the-art performance in the English-to-German classification test, and, to our best knowledge, it also achieves the second best performance in German-to-English classification test. Comparing to our previous research, it does not need a translator in the testing process, which makes the model faster and more convenient.
Multiple Attribute Strategic Weight Manipulation With Minimum Cost in a Group Decision Making Context With Interval Attribute Weights Information

In multiple attribute decision making (MADM), strategic weight manipulation is understood as a deliberate manipulation of attribute weight setting to achieve a desired ranking of alternatives. In this paper, we study the strategic weight manipulation in a group decision making (GDM) context with interval attribute weight information. In GDM, the revision of the decision makers’ original attribute weight information implies a cost. Driven by a desire to minimize the cost, we propose the minimum cost strategic weight manipulation model, which is achieved via optimization approach, with the mixed 0–1 linear programming model being proved appropriate in this context. Meanwhile, some desired properties to manipulate a strategic attribute weight based on the ranking range under interval attribute weight information are proposed. Finally, numerical analysis and simulation experiments are provided with a twofold aim: 1) to verify the validity of the proposed models and 2) to show the effects of interval attribute weights information and the unit cost, respectively, on the cost to manipulate strategic weights in the MADM in a group decision context.
Feedback control of multiple mechanical modes in coupled micromechanical resonators

Simultaneous control of multiple mechanical modes is demonstrated in AlGaAs/GaAs resonators by an optomechanical active feedback due to the photothermal stress. Four mechanical modes can be amplified with a single feedback loop, which is formed by a combination of an optical detector, an electrical delay line, and an optomechanical feedback source. The feedback polarities are tailored through the electric delay line, which enables individual control of the linewidths of each mechanical mode. Linewidth narrowing and damping control of multiple mechanical modes will be used for improving the detection sensitivity of mechanical sensor arrays and for controlling their ring-down speed.
Algorithms for String matching

A string matching algorithm aims to nd one or several occurrences of a string within another. The algorithm returns the position of the rst character of the desired substring in the text. There are many dierent solutions for this problem, this article presents the four best-known string matching algorithms: Naive, Knuth-Morris-Pratt, Boyer-Moore and Rabin-Karp. The results show that Boyce-Moore is the most eective algorithm to solve the string matching problem in usual cases, and Rabin-Karp is a good alternative for some specic cases, for example when the pattern and the alphabet are very small.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Financial Performance : The Nigerian Experience

Strategic managers are consistently faced with the decision of how to allocate scarce corporate resources in an environment where they are pressured. This paper attempts to demonstrate empirically the impact of corporate social responsibility on firms financial performance. The paper adopted a pooled panel survey research design method. Annual reports of twenty nine (29) sample firms from 2005 to 2010 formed the source of data collection where CSR (donations), earnings per share (EPS), size, tang, and leverage for 174 observations were used for the computational experiment. The data collected for this study were analyzed using the panel data regression analysis. The result indicated that corporate social responsibility (CSR) has little impact on the sample firms’ EPS. The study concluded that the performance of EPS is higher than the independent variables (CSR, Lev, size, and tang) from the analysis result because lower coefficient of variation infers higher performance, consistency and efficiency of result. The paper recommends amongst others that corporate organizations should be involved in SR by spending reasonable amount of their revenues on social responsibility as this will in turn lead to increase in earnings as defined by the triple-bottom-line reporting.
Effect of Upper- and Lower-Level Baroclinicity on the Persistence of the Leading Mode of Midlatitude Jet Variability

The sensitivity of the variability of an eddy-driven jet to the upper- and lower-level baroclinicity of the mean state is analyzed using a three-level quasigeostrophic model on the sphere. The model is forced by a relaxation in temperature to a steady, zonally symmetric profile with varying latitude and intensity of the maximum baroclinicity. The leading EOF of the zonally and vertically averaged zonal wind is characterized by a meridional shift of the eddy-driven jet. While changes in the upper-level baroclinicity have no significant impact on the persistence of this leading EOF, an increase in lower-level baroclinicity leads to a reduced persistence. For small lower-level baroclinicity, the leading EOF follows a classical zonal index regime, for which the meridional excursions of the zonal wind anomalies are maintained by a strong positive eddy feedback. For strong lower-level baroclinicity, the jet enters a poleward-propagation regime, for which the eddy forcing continuously acts to push the jet poleward and prevents its maintenance at a fixed latitude. The enhanced poleward propagation when the lower-level baroclinicity increases is interpreted as resulting from the broader and weaker potential vorticity gradient that enables the waves to propagate equatorward and facilitates the poleward migration of the critical latitude. Finally, the decrease in the persistence of the leading EOF as the lower-level baroclinicity increases is shown not to result from the impact of changes in the mean climatological jet latitude.
D-Optimum Designs for Estimating Optimum Points in a Quantitative Multiresponse Experiment

The problem of estimating the optimum factor combinations in a multifactor, multiresponse experiment has been considered, The criterion used is the extended D-optimality criterion. The property of convexity of a transform of the criterion function and the principle of invariance have been used to find optimum designs. This is a generalization of the problem considered by Mandai (1982).
Motion/Force transmission analysis of axis-symmetric parallel mechanisms with closed-loop sub-chains

This thesis presents several results regarding the kinematic performance analysis of axis-symmetric parallel mechanisms with closed-loop sub-chains. Screw theory based methods have been utilised to generate new indices, along with a formal procedure, enabling the systematic and complete singularity and motion/force transmission analysis of parallel mechanisms with these closed-loop sub-chains.
Spilling breakers in shallow water: applications to Favre waves and to the shoaling and breaking of solitary waves

A two-layer long-wave approximation of the homogeneous Euler equations for a free-surface flow evolving over mild slopes is derived. The upper layer is turbulent and is described by depth-averaged equations for the layer thickness, average fluid velocity and fluid turbulent energy. The lower layer is almost potential and can be described by Serre–Su–Gardner–Green–Naghdi equations (a second-order shallow water approximation with respect to the parameter $H/L$ , where $H$ is a characteristic water depth and $L$ is a characteristic wavelength). A simple model for vertical turbulent mixing is proposed governing the interaction between these layers. Stationary supercritical solutions to this model are first constructed, containing, in particular, a local turbulent subcritical zone at the forward slope of the wave. The non-stationary model was then numerically solved and compared with experimental data for the following two problems. The first one is the study of surface waves resulting from the interaction of a uniform free-surface flow with an immobile wall (the water hammer problem with a free surface). These waves are sometimes called ‘Favre waves’ in homage to Henry Favre and his contribution to the study of this phenomenon. When the Froude number is between 1 and approximately 1.3, an undular bore appears. The characteristics of the leading wave in an undular bore are in good agreement with experimental data by Favre (Ondes de Translation dans les Canaux Découverts, 1935, Dunod) and Treske (J. Hydraul Res., vol. 32 (3), 1994, pp. 355–370). When the Froude number is between 1.3 and 1.4, the transition from an undular bore to a breaking (monotone) bore occurs. The shoaling and breaking of a solitary wave propagating in a long channel (300 m) of mild slope (1/60) was then studied. Good agreement with experimental data by Hsiao et al. (Coast. Engng, vol. 55, 2008, pp. 975–988) for the wave profile evolution was found.
High-fidelity measurements in channel flow with polymer wall injection

Streamwise velocity profiles and their wall-normal derivatives were used to investigate the properties of turbulent channel flow in the low polymer drag reduction $(DR)$ regime ( $DR=6.5\,\%$ to $26\,\%$ ), as realized via polymer injection at the channel surface. Streamwise velocity data were obtained over a friction Reynolds number ranging from $650$ to $1800$ using the single-velocity-component version of molecular tagging velocimetry (1c-MTV). This adaptation of the MTV technique has the ability to accurately capture instantaneous profiles at very high spatial resolution ( ${\gtrsim}850$ data points per wall-normal profile), and thus generate well-resolved derivative information as well. Owing to this ability, the present study is able to build upon and extend the recent numerical simulation analysis of White et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 834, 2018, pp. 409–433) that examined the mean dynamical structure of polymer drag-reduced channel flow at friction Reynolds numbers up to $1000$ . Consistently, the present mean velocity profiles indicate that the extent of the logarithmic region diminishes with increasing polymer concentration, while statistically significant increases in the logarithmic profile slope begin to occur for drag reductions less than $15\,\%$ . Profiles of the r.m.s. streamwise velocity indicate that the maximum moves farther from the wall and increases in magnitude with reductions in drag. Similarly, with increasing drag reduction, the profile of the combined Reynolds and polymer shear stress exhibits a decrease in its maximum value that also moves farther from the wall. Correlations are presented that estimate the location and value of the maximum r.m.s. streamwise velocity and combined Reynolds and polymer shear stress. Over the range of $DR$ investigated, these effects consistently exhibit approximately linear trends as a function of $DR$ . The present measurements allow reconstruction of the mean momentum balance (MMB) for channel flow, which provides further insights regarding the physics described in the study by White et al. In particular, the present findings support a physical scenario in which the self-similar properties on the inertial domain identified from the leading-order structure of the MMB begin to detectably and continuously vary for drag reductions less than $10\,\%$ .
Effects of social interactions in collective motion

The Vicsek model of collective motion is known to undergo a noise-induced phase transition from a disorderd state with random velocities, to a collectively ordered state where all the particles tend to move in the same spontaneously selected direction. In this work, we have studied the outcome of this model on various social network topologies, in order to investigate how social interactions affect the transfer of directional information. The original results for off-lattice particles are first reproduced. The model is then implemented on random and small-world graphs, where the effects of increasing connectivity, in the first case, and the long-range interactions brought about by the rewiring of edges, in the second case, are studied. On the other hand, scale-free topologies are found to have a higher critical noise than homegeneous topologies with the same connectivity, with the high-degree nodes playing a crucial role. Weighted interactions are also studied, for which there is found to exist an optimal weighting exponent which gives the highest possible value of the order parameter at equilibrium.
An Improvement of the Nonlinear Semi-NMF Based Method by Considering Bias Vectors and Regularization for Deep Neural Networks

Abstract—Backpropagation (BP) has been widely used as a de-facto standard algorithm to compute weights for deep neural networks (DNNs). The BP method is based on a stochastic gradient descent method using the derivatives of an objective function. As another approach, an alternating optimization method using linear and nonlinear semi-nonnegative matrix factorizations (semi-NMFs) has been proposed recently for computing weight matrices of fully-connected DNNs without bias vectors and regularization. In this paper, we proposed an improvement of the nonlinear semi-NMF based method by considering bias vectors and regularization. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method shows higher recognition performance than the nonlinear semi-NMF based method and competitive advantages to the conventional BP method.
The Investment Effects of Market Integration: Evidence From Renewable Energy Expansion in Chile

We study the investment effects of market integration on renewable energy expansion. Our theory highlights that market integration not only improves allocative efficiency by gains from trade but also incentivizes new investment in renewable power plants. To test our theoretical predictions, we examine how recent grid expansions in the Chilean electricity market changed electricity production, wholesale prices, generation costs, and renewable investments. We then build a structural model of power plant entry to quantify the impact of market integration with and without the investment effects. We find that the market integration in Chile increased solar generation by around 180%, saved generation costs by 8%, and reduced carbon emissions by 5%. A substantial amount of renewable entry would not have occurred in the absence of market integration. Our findings suggest that ignoring these investment effects would substantially understate the benefits of market integration and its important role in expanding renewable energy.
Approaches in solving environmental problems of waste disposal from municipal treatment facilities

This article discusses and analyzes modern technologies for the waste disposal from municipal treatment facilities according to the ecological point of view. A review of current technologies for their treatment and disposal indicates that they have a valuable resource potential due to the high content of organic substances and mineral components. Thermal and biological methods of utilization are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of recycling technologies are specified. It has been determined that the preferred direction of utilization that meets modern environmental requirements is their usage in the production of organic fertilizers. To increase the efficiency of sewage sludge disposal in the production of useful products, it is necessary to carry out their preliminary processing: mechanical dehydration, stabilization and drying.
Universality and scaling in compressible turbulence

Turbulent flows, ubiquitous in nature and engineering, comprise fluctuations over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. While flows with fluctuations in thermodynamic variables are much more common, much less is known about these flows than their incompressible counterparts in which thermodynamics is decoupled from hydrodynamics. A critical element in the study of the latter has been the concept of universal scaling laws which provides fundamental as well as practical information about the spatio-temporal behavior of these complex systems. Part of this success is due to the dependence on a single non-dimensional parameter, that is the Reynolds number. Universality in compressible flows, on the other hand, have proven to be more elusive as no unifying set of parameters were found to yield universal scaling laws. This severely limits our understanding of these flows and the successful development of theoretically sound models. Using results in specific asymptotic limits of the governing equations we show that universal scaling is indeed observed when the set of governing parameters is expanded to include internally generated dilatational scales which are the result of the driving mechanisms that produce the turbulence. The analysis demonstrate why previous scaling laws fail in the general case, and opens up new venues to identify physical processes of interest and create turbulence models needed for simulations of turbulent flows at realistic conditions. We support our results with a new massive database of highly-resolved direct numerical simulations along with all data available in the literature. In search of universal features, we suggest classes which bundle the evolution of flows in the new parameter space. An ultimate asymptotic regime predicted independently by renormalization group theories and statistical mechanics is also assssed with available data.
Flux pinning and relaxation in FeSe0.5Te0.5 single crystals

A high-quality FeSe0.5Te0. 5 single crystal with Tc ∼ 14.8 K was obtained by the self-flux method. We present the temperature dependence of resistivity at various fields and the magnetization hysteresis loops at various temperatures. The upper critical field Hc2(T) with a criterion of 90% ρn follows Hc2(T) = Hc2(0)[1−T/Tc]n. A second peak (namely the fishtail effect) was observed in a large temperature region ranging from 6.5 K to 12 K. According to the theory of Dew-Hughes, we scaled the flux pinning force density for several fixed temperatures and found its maximum position around h = 0.33, here h is the reduced magnetic field. The dynamical relaxation rate Q of the vortices was measured and discussed.
Morphometric features and genesis of the lake basins of Lake Bol’shoe Svyatoe Dedovskoe and Lake Maloe Svyatoe Dedovskoe (Volga Upland, Russia)

The article presents the results of a research of morphometric and hydrological characteristics of Lake Bol’shoe Svyatoe Dedovskoe and Lake Maloe Svyatoe Dedovskoe, which are the landscape and hydrological center of the state natural monument “Lake Svyatoe Dedovskoe”. The lakes are located in the north-west of the Volga upland in the Nizhny Novgorod region; it has meaningful scientific (zoological, botanical, geological, geomorphological) significance, performs a water-regulating function, serves as a habitat for rare species of plants and animals. During the research a bathymetric survey was performed from the boat using an echo sounder, combined with a navigator. The results of field research were processed, using the geoinformation program QGIS, a bathymetric map of the lake basins was created and their main morphometric and hydrological characteristics were calculated. Based on the analysis of the morphometric characteristics of the lake and data on the landscape features of its surroundings, conclusions were drawn about the origin of the lake basin.
An Investigation of Turbulent Processes in the Lower Stratosphere

The turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) tendency equation is widely applied to quantify turbulent tendency and eddy dissipation rate (EDR) within the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Due to the complexity that arises from Reynolds averaging, various approximation parameters, as described by Yamada and Mellor (1975) and Stull (1988), are often used to approximate the TKE tendency equation for idealized, measured, or simulated data. The application of the TKE tendency equation as a closed, solvable system is most common within the PBL, where friction and surface heating drive turbulent motion.
SERIES POPULATION AGING AND STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION

We quantify the role of population aging in the structural transformation process. Householdlevel data from the U.S. show that the fraction of expenditures devoted to services increases with household age. We use a shift-share decomposition and a quantitative model to show that U.S. population aging accounted for about a fifth of the observed increase in the service share in consumption between 1982 and 2016. The contribution of population aging to the rise in the service share is about the same size as the contribution of real income growth, and about half as large as that of changes in relative prices. Javier Cravino Department of Economics University of Michigan 611 Tappan Street, Lorch Hall 365B Ann Arbor, MI 48109 and NBER jcravino@umich.edu Andrei A. Levchenko Department of Economics University of Michigan 611 Tappan Street Ann Arbor, MI 48109 and CEPR and also NBER alev@umich.edu Marco Rojas Department of Economics University of Michigan 611 Tappan Street Ann Arbor, MI 48109 rojasmi@umich.edu
A new framework for optimal facial landmark localization on light-field images

The paper explores how light fields captured by plenoptic cameras can increase the performance of face landmark detection. The idea is to exploit light fields geometrical constraints to correct the position of points detected by classical face landmark detectors. These geometric constraints are used to enforce landmark points angular coherency across the different views of the light field, and by doing so to correct the positions of the landmarks on all views. The corrected landmark points are compared with ground-truth manual annotations of a set of 400 images corresponding to the central views of 400 light fields of faces with different pose and expression.