Combination of Quercetin and Vitamin E Supplementation Promotes Yolk Precursor Synthesis and Follicle Development in Aging Breeder Hens via Liver–Blood–Ovary Signal Axis

Simple Summary This study evaluated the capacity of dietary quercetin, vitamin E and their combination to promote follicle development and attenuate organ inflammation by improving the antioxidant capacity of the liver–blood–ovary signal axis of aging broiler breeder hens. The results from this study showed that the combination of quercetin and vitamin E synergistically improved the chicken’s reproductive organ characteristics, and also showed protective effects on liver morphology and histology. Moreover, the antioxidant parameters, reproductive hormones and receptors, liver lipid synthesis, and the levels of mRNAs related to yolk precursor synthesis (very low density apolipoprotein-II and vitellogenin-II), lipid transport (microsomal triglyceride transport protein), lipogenesis (fatty acid synthase), and follicle developments were increased remarkably by the combination of quercetin and vitamin E. The results obtained in this study provide an important reference for the combination of quercetin and vitamin E as a functional feed additive for promoting the functions of the liver–blood–ovary axis, and also as a potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent for improving liver and ovary functions in chickens by acting as a hepatoprotective and oviprotective agent. This could facilitate the transport and exchange of synthetic substances (including hormones, yolk precursors, and other biochemical substances) among the liver–blood–ovary alliances to ensure the synchronous development and functional coordination between the liver and ovary in aging breeder hens. Abstract The fertility of female animals is negatively correlated with increasing chronological age. In aging broiler breeder hens, there is a decline in the functionality of the ovary and liver accompanied by hormonal or endocrine changes, a reduction in antioxidant capacity, and a decrease in folliculogenesis. Therefore, improving the reproductive function in aging breeder hens using dietary strategies is of great concern to the poultry breeder. This study evaluated the capacity of dietary quercetin (Q), vitamin E (VE), and their combination (Q + VE) to promote follicle development and attenuate organ inflammation by improving the antioxidant capacity of aging breeder hens. In this study, 400 broiler breeder hens (Tianfu broilers breeder hens, 435 days old) were allotted into four groups (100 birds each) with four replicates each (25 birds each). They were fed diets containing Q (0.4 g/kg), VE (0.2 g/kg), Q + VE (0.4 g/kg + 0.2 g/kg), and a basal diet for 10 weeks. The results showed that Q + VE improved the organ characteristics (p < 0.05), and also that Q + VE showed protective effects on the liver against injury, as well as increasing the antioxidant capacity of the liver, serum, and ovary (p < 0.05). Furthermore, liver lipid synthesis was increased remarkably, as indicated by the changes in triglyceride levels in hens fed Q + VE (p < 0.05). Levels of E2, FSH, and LH, their receptors, and mRNAs related to yolk precursor synthesis were increased by the Q + VE (p < 0.05). Therefore, the combination of quercetin and vitamin E synergistically promotes and regulates the transportation and exchange of synthetic substances among the liver–blood–ovary alliances to ensure the synchronous development and functional coordination between the liver and ovary in aging breeder hens.