Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glutathione Transferase P1: Potential Therapeutic Target in Ovarian Cancer

Chemotherapy resistance of ovarian cancer, regarded as the most lethal malignant gynecological disease, can be explained by several mechanisms, including increased activity of efflux transporters leading to decreased intracellular drug accumulation, increased efflux of the therapeutic agents from the cell by multidrug-resistance-associated protein (MRP1), enhanced DNA repair, altered apoptotic pathways, silencing of a number of genes, as well as drug inactivation, especially by glutathione transferase P1 (GSTP1). Indeed, GSTP1 has been recognized as the major enzyme responsible for the conversion of drugs most commonly used to treat metastatic ovarian cancer into less effective forms. Furthermore, GSTP1 may even be responsible for chemoresistance of non-GST substrate drugs by mechanisms such as interaction with efflux transporters or different signaling molecules involved in regulation of apoptosis. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as important gene regulators in ovarian cancer, which are able to target GST-mediated drug metabolism in order to regulate drug resistance. So far, miR-186 and miR-133b have been associated with reduced ovarian cancer drug resistance by silencing the expression of the drug-resistance-related proteins, GSTP1 and MDR1. Unfortunately, sometimes miRNAs might even enhance the drug resistance in ovarian cancer, as shown for miR-130b. Therefore, chemoresistance in ovarian cancer treatment represents a very complex process, but strategies that influence GSTP1 expression in ovarian cancer as a therapeutic target, as well as miRNAs affecting GSTP1 expression, seem to represent promising predictors of chemotherapeutic response in ovarian cancer, while at the same time represent potential targets to overcome chemoresistance in the future.
Inflationary Cosmology and Quantization Ambiguities in Semi-Classical Loop Quantum Gravity

In loop quantum gravity, modifications to the geometrical density cause a self-interacting scalar field to accelerate away from a minimum of its potential. In principle, this mechanism can generate the conditions that subsequently lead to slow-roll inflation. The consequences for this mechanism of various quantization ambiguities arising within loop quantum cosmology are considered. For the case of a quadratic potential, it is found that some quantization procedures are more likely to generate a phase of slow--roll inflation. In general, however, loop quantum cosmology is robust to ambiguities in the quantization and extends the range of initial conditions for inflation.
Wave propagation through cylinder/plate junctions

Abstract This study is concerned with the transmission of vibration waves through cylinder/plate junctions. The junctions considered consist of semi-infinite cylinders coupled to various types of plate element including annular, circular and infinite plates. The Donnell–Mushtari equations are used to describe the motions of the cylinder and the plate motions are represented by the appropriate Bessel or Hankel functions. Equilibrium and compatibility conditions are then applied to the junction to evaluate the wave amplitudes and hence the wave powers. Numerical examples are presented and a comparison is made between the wave transmission characteristics of cylinder/plate junctions and their equivalent plate/plate junctions.
Braneworld Dynamics of Inflationary Cosmologies with Exponential Potentials

In this work we consider Randall-Sundrum braneworld type scenarios, in which the spacetime is described by a five-dimensional manifold with matter fields confined in a domain wall or three-brane. We present the results of a systematic analysis, using dynamical systems techniques, of the qualitative behaviour of Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker type models, whose matter is described by a scalar field with an exponential potential. We construct the state spaces for these models and discuss how their structure changes with respect to the general-relativistic case, in particular, what new critical points appear and their nature and the occurrence of bifurcation.
On the equation of motion for a fast moving small object in the strong field point particle limit

We present a straightforward, divergence-free derivation of the equation of motion for a small but finite object in an arbitrary background using the strong field point particle limit. The resulting equation is that of a generalized geodesic for a non-rotating spherical object. This is consisitent with the results of previous studies.
The Future of Multi-Object Spectroscopy: a ESO Working Group Report

(Abridged) We consider the scientific case for a large aperture (10-12m class) optical spectroscopic survey telescope with a field of view comparable to that of LSST. Such a facility could enable transformational progress in several areas of astrophysics, and may constitute an unmatched capability for decades. Deep imaging from LSST and Euclid will provide accurate photometry for spectroscopic targets beyond the reach of 4m class instruments. Such a facility would revolutionise our understanding of the assembly and enrichment history of the Milky Way and the role of dark matter through chemo-dynamical studies of tens of millions of stars in the Local Group. Emission and absorption line spectroscopy of redshift z=2-5 galaxies can be used to directly chart the evolution of the cosmic web and examine its connection with activity in galaxies. The facility will also have synergistic impact, e.g. in following up live and transpired transients found with LSST, as well as providing targets and the local environmental conditions for follow-up studies with E-ELT and future space missions. Although our study is exploratory, we highlight a specific telescope design with a 5 square degree field of view and an additional focus that could host a next-generation panoramic IFU. We discuss some technical challenges and operational models and recommend a conceptual design study aimed at completing a more rigorous science case in the context of a costed technical design.
The GALPROP program for cosmic-ray propagation: new developments

The cosmic-ray propagation code GALPROP has been generalized to include fragmentation networks of arbitrary complexity. The code can now provide an alternative to leaky-box calculations for full isotopic abundance calculations and has the advantage of including the spatial dimension which is essential for radioactive nuclei. Preliminary predictions for sub-Fe/Fe, 10Be/9Be, 26Al/27Al, 36Cl/Cl, and 54Mn/Mn are presented in anticipation of new experimental isotopic data.
Continuous Time in Consistent Histories

We discuss the case of histories labelled by a continuous time parameter in the {\em History Projection Operator} consistent-histories quantum theory. We describe how the appropriate representation of the history algebra may be chosen by requiring the existence of projection operators that represent propositions about time averages of the energy. We define the action operator for the consistent histories formalism, as the quantum analogue of the classical action functional, for the simple harmonic oscillator case. We show that the action operator is the generator of two types of time transformations that may be related to the two laws of time-evolution of the standard quantum theory: the `state-vector reduction' and the unitary time-evolution. We construct the corresponding classical histories and demonstrate the relevance with the quantum histories; we demonstrate how the requirement of the temporal logic structure of the theory is sufficient for the definition of classical histories. Furthermore, we show the relation of the action operator to the decoherence functional which describes the dynamics of the system. Finally, the discussion is extended to give a preliminary account of quantum field theory in this approach to the consistent histories formalism.
Impact of Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Placental Insufficiency on Nutritional Outcomes of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants

Introduction The aim of our study was to assess the impact of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and placental insufficiency (PI) on the nutritional outcomes of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Methods We conducted a six-year retrospective case-control study that included 117 ELBW infants. Of these, 58 infants had IUGR and 59 were born appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA). Infants with IUGR were further divided based on the presence or absence of PI, as determined by umbilical arterial doppler velocimetry on serial ultrasounds. Results IUGR infants with PI had the lowest enteral calorie intake at 28 days of life (DOL) (median intake- IUGR+PI: 32 vs IUGR-PI: 93 vs AGA: 110 kcal/kg/day; p-value 0.011) and at 36 weeks corrected gestational age (CGA) (median intake- IUGR+PI: 102 vs IUGR-PI: 125 vs AGA: 119 kcal/kg/day; p-value 0.012). These infants also trended towards requiring a longer duration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) (median duration - IUGR+PI: 35 vs IUGR-PI: 25 vs AGA: 21 days; p-value 0.054) and higher incidence of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (IUGR+PI: 43% IUGR-PI: 29% vs AGA: 16%; p-value 0.058), but these results did not reach statistical significance. Despite challenges with enteral nutrition, IUGR infants with PI showed good catch-up growth and had higher growth velocities over the first month of life, compared to AGA controls. Conclusion IUGR in the presence of PI is associated with significantly poorer enteral nutritional outcomes in ELBW infants. However, with the support of optimal parenteral nutrition these infants showed good catch-up growth.
Evolution of globular cluster systems in elliptical galaxies. II. Power-law initial mass function

A B ST R A C T W e have studied the evolution ofglobularclustersystem s(G CS)in ellipticalgalaxies with a power-law initialG CS m assfunction (G CM F)( f ( M ) / M (cid:0) (cid:11) )sim ilarto that predicted by som e theoreticalstudies ofglobular clusters form ation and to that of young clustersystem sobserved in m erging galaxies. W e have carried out a survey overa large num ber ofdi(cid:11)erent host galaxiesand we have considered di(cid:11)erent values for the index, (cid:11) ,ofthe initialpower-law G CM F ( (cid:11) = 1 : 5 ; 1 : 8 ; 2 : 0);we show the dependence ofthe m ain G CS (cid:12)nalproperties (m ean m assand dispersion ofthe (cid:12)nalG CM F,fraction ofsurviving clusters,radialgradient ofthe G CM F param eters)on the structureofthe hostgalaxy and on the slopeofthe initialG CM F. Fora subsam pleofhostgalaxieswith valuesofe(cid:11)ectivem assesand radiiequalto those determ ined using observationaldata for a num ber ofgiant,norm aland dwarf galaxies our results show that the relation between the (cid:12)nalG
TWO-PHOTON EXCITATION SPECTRA OF CONFINED EXCITONS IN CUCL NANOCRYSTALS

We investigated two-photon excitation spectra of confined excitons of CuCl nanocrystals embedded in a NaCl matrix. The spectra exhibit a sharp increase that is attributed to transitions into higher Coulombic states $(\mathrm{nP})$ of the confined excitons, and its position shifts to a higher energy side with decreasing crystal size. We also discuss the difference in peak positions between one- and two-photon absorption spectra in the presence of a broad inhomogeneous width due to the size distribution.
Modeling negative bias temperature instabilities in hole channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors with ultrathin gate oxide layers

The decrease of the threshold voltage Vth of hole channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors with ultrathin gate dielectric layers under negative bias temperature stress is studied. A degradation model is developed that accounts for the generation of Si3≡Si• (Pb0) centers and bulk oxide defects, induced by the tunneling of electrons or holes through the gate dielectric layer during electrical stress. The model predicts that Vth shifts are mainly due to the tunneling of holes at low gate bias |VG|, typically below 1.5 V, while electrons are mainly responsible for these shifts at higher |VG|. Consequently, device lifetime at operating voltage, based on Vth shifts, should not be extrapolated from measurements performed at high gate bias. The impact of nitrogen incorporated at the Si/dielectric interface on Vth shifts is investigated next. The acceleration of device degradation when the amount of nitrogen increases is attributed to the increase in local interfacial strain, induced by the incre.
Intermediate-mass Black Holes and Dark Matter at the Galactic Center

Could there be a large population of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) formed in the early universe? Whether primordial or formed in Population III, these are likely to be very subdominant compared to the dark matter density, but could seed early dwarf galaxy/globular cluster and supermassive black hole formation. Via survival of dark matter density spikes, we show here that a centrally concentrated relic population of IMBHs, along with ambient dark matter, could account for the Fermi gamma-ray “excess” in the Galactic center because of dark matter particle annihilations.
InGaAs island shapes and adatom migration behavior on (100), (110), (111), and (311) GaAs surfaces

The evolution of InGaAs island formation on (100), (110), (111), and (311) GaAs substrates was studied by atomic force microscopy. In addition to determining the growth mode, shape, average size and distribution of InGaAs islands on each orientation, measurement of the saturation island densities enabled an estimation of effective group III adatom surface diffusion lengths. Small lens-shaped islands in addition to larger faceted islands were formed on (100) and (311) surfaces, while trapezoidal and triangular islands were obtained on (110) and (111)B orientations, respectively. Adatom diffusion lengths on these surfaces were found to range from 0.06 μm on (311)B to 3 μm on (111)B.
THE NONLINEAR SMALL-SCALE DYNAMO AND ISOTROPIC MHD TURBULENCE

Homogeneous incompressible MHD turbulence has been studied in the literature in two main regimes: with and without an externally imposed uniform mean magnetic field. In the former, explicitly anisotropic, case, Kolmogorov-style phenomenologies (3, 2) predict a state of detailed scale-by-scale equipartion between hydrodynamic and magnetic fluctua- tions, which are Alfven waves propagating along the mean field. With proposed scalings for the resulting spectra ranging between k −2 and k −5/3 , both the hydrodynamic and the magnetic energies are concentrated at the outer (forcing) scale of the turbulence. It has long been the commonly held view that the other, isotropic, regime of MHD turbulence would, in the fully developed state, be very similar, with the energetic magnetic fluctuations at the outer scale providing the effective mean field to support the Alfven waves in the inertial range (3). The isotropic regime is closely related to the problem of turbulent MHD dynamo, where a weak initial magnetic field is embedded into a turbulent conducting medium and its evolution is studied. In view of the arguments above, the dynamo has been expected to culminate in an Alfvenic equipartition state. In what follows, we will see this outcome is less obvious than it seems. Because of the close correlation between velocities and magnetic fields in the Alfven regime, the ratio between the fluid viscosity and the magnetic diffusivity (the magnetic Prandtl number Pr = ν/η) has not been considered important, as long as both ν and η were small enough for the turbulence to develop. However, it is a prominent property of hot low- density turbulent astrophysical plasmas (interstellar medium, some accretion discs and jets, protogalaxies, galaxy clusters, early Universe etc.) that their Pr tends to be extremely large and, therefore, that they possess a broad range of subviscous scales at which magnetic fields can exist, while velocities cannot. The magnetic field lines are nearly perfectly frozen into such a highly conducting fluid. The fluid motions, even though restricted to scales above the viscous scale lν, can excite magnetic fluctuations at much smaller scales via stretching and folding of the field lines. In the kinematic (weak-field) regime, the result is an exponentially fast pile-up of magnetic energy at the resistive scale lη ∼ Pr −1/2 lν, with a k 3/2 spectrum
DIRECT PHOTOGRAPHY OF PLANETARY NEBULAE IN THE DIRECTION OF THE GALACTIC CENTER

In order to facilitate the identification and morphological description of planetary nebulae in the direction of the Galactic center, we present broad-band V, [O III] λ5007, and Hα images of 43 of these objects.In many cases the measured diameters of the nebulae agree well with those reported earlier by Perek, and the discrepancies that do exist may be attributed to measuring the diameters from images of very different photographic depths.
Swift Observations of the Dwarf Nova ASASSN-18fs

The All Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN; Shappee et al. 2014) reported a possible Galactic dwarf nova ASASSN-18fs on 2018 March 19 at ~13.2 mag in the V band, with a quiescent magnitude of V > 17.6 (Stanek et al. 2018). Dwarf novae are accreting white dwarfs that occasionally show outbursts due to thermal instabilities in the accretion disk (see Lasota 2001, for a review). Here we report on the follow-up photometry using the Neil Gehrels Swift Observaotry.
Proposal for a quantum Hall pump

A device is proposed that is similar in spirit to the electron turnstile except that it operates within a quantum Hall fluid. In the integer quantum Hall regime, this device pumps an integer number of electrons per cycle. In the fractional regime, it pumps an integer number of fractionally charged quasiparticles per cycle. It is proposed that such a device can make an accurate measurement of the charge of the quantum Hall effect quasiparticles.
Exploration of adulteration in common raw spices using antenna-based sensor

Abstract The ability of food products to store and dissipate electromagnetic energy is determined by the material's dielectric properties. In relation to this phenomenon, a non-destructive technique is presented for food evaluation based on the shift in resonant frequency and reflection coefficient magnitude value of the proposed slot-loaded microstrip line-fed antenna-based sensor caused by the change in dielectric properties of the food material. In this work, a miniaturized antenna sensor of 10 × 10 mm2 size comprised of a dielectric substrate FR-4 with permittivity (εr) = 4.4 having ground plane at the bottom and a radiating element at the top is designed to operate at 13.3 GHz. Three samples of spices, i.e. red chilli powder, black pepper powder, and turmeric powder, are considered for quality monitoring whose relationship in terms of reflection coefficient, resonant frequency, and dielectric permittivity at 13.17, 12.61, and 13.09 GHz respectively is analyzed. Further, second-order polynomial model is derived to predict dielectric permittivity of the material under test with high accuracy. The experimental procedure of this proposed sensor is based upon the interaction of the sample food materials with the electromagnetic field owing to shift in resonant frequency as a function of dielectric permittivity of the samples. The proposed antenna sensor has a Q-factor of 409, showing significantly high sensitivity of 280 MHz with 98% accuracy and standard deviation less than the difference between unadulterated and adulterated values, giving resolution high enough to distinguish adulteration with an acceptable statistical accuracy.
The Detection of Hot Cores and Complex Organic Molecules in the Large Magellanic Cloud

We report the first extragalactic detection of the complex organic molecules (COMs) dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3) and methyl formate (CH3OCHO) with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). These COMs, together with their parent species methanol (CH3OH), were detected toward two 1.3 mm continuum sources in the N 113 star-forming region in the low-metallicity Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Rotational temperatures ( K) and total column densities ( cm−2) have been calculated for each source based on multiple transitions of CH3OH. We present the ALMA molecular emission maps for COMs and measured abundances for all detected species. The physical and chemical properties of two sources with COMs detection, and the association with H2O and OH maser emission, indicate that they are hot cores. The fractional abundances of COMs scaled by a factor of 2.5 to account for the lower metallicity in the LMC are comparable to those found at the lower end of the range in Galactic hot cores. Our results have important implications for studies of organic chemistry at higher redshift.
Predictive Characteristics of Adequate Employment in Baccalaureate-Prepared Graduates

Underemployment, which occurs when baccalaureate degree holders are employed in occupations that do not require or fully use a college-level degree (Lederman, 2018), challenges the notion that a college degree alone adequately prepares a student for a satisfactory level of employment based on education level. During 2018 and 2019, the higher-ed capstone team conducted this study to identify predictive characteristics of underemployment among undergraduate alumni from a large, public, urban, Tier-1 research university. Although identifying underemployment characteristics was the primary impetus for the research, the team instead discovered three primary predictors of adequate employment from the analysis. Higher education institutions and policy leaders may be able to better ensure students gain employment, particularly during challenging economic times, by encouraging student participation in internships, extracurricular activities, and the selection of STEM majors.
A numerical study on reaction-induced radial fingering instability

The dynamics of $A+B\rightarrow C$ fronts is analysed numerically in a radial geometry. We are interested to understand miscible fingering instabilities when the simple chemical reaction changes the viscosity of the fluid locally and a non-monotonic viscosity profile with a global maximum or minimum is formed. We consider viscosity-matched reactants $A$ and $B$ generating a product $C$ having different viscosity than the reactants. Depending on the effect of $C$ on the viscosity relative to the reactants, different viscous fingering (VF) patterns are captured which are in good qualitative agreement with the existing radial experiments. We have found that, for a given chemical reaction rate, an unfavourable viscosity contrast is not always sufficient to trigger the instability. For every fixed Péclet number ( $Pe$ ), these effects of chemical reaction on VF are summarized in the Damköhler number ( $Da$ ) $-$ the log-mobility ratio ( $R_{c}$ ) parameter space that exhibits a stable region separating two unstable regions corresponding to the cases of more and less viscous product. Fixing $Pe$ , we determine $Da$ -dependent critical log-mobility ratios $R_{c}^{+}$ and $R_{c}^{-}$ such that no VF is observable whenever $R_{c}^{-}\leqslant R_{c}\leqslant R_{c}^{+}$ . The effect of geometry is observable on the onset of instability, where we obtain significant differences from existing results in the rectilinear geometry.