Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimized planning framework of solar photovoltaic based generation with EV charging station in a rural distribution network considering uncertainties

To address the adverse impacts due to rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs), a robust planning framework is developed in this paper for optimal deployment of EV charging stations and solar energy resources in the distribution network. Uncertainty modeling of EV is done using probability density function considering stochastic parameters extracted from real National Household Travel Survey (NHTS)datasheet. Considering solar irradiance as the uncertainty parameter, a practical Photovoltaic (PV) model is developed using beta probability function. To solve the problem of optimal allocation of EV charging stations and PV in the distribution network, proposed Teaching Learning Based Optimization algorithm is used. The problem is formulated to minimize the power loss reduction index and the voltage deviation index while considering system constraints. Here this proposed approach is tested to Indian 28 bus rural distribution network and standard IEEE 69 bus system in MATLAB. Also to assess the efficiency of the proposed technique, it is compared with three different algorithms, i.e., Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Differential Evolution (DE) in terms of convergence characteristics and computational time. The system indices, i.e., voltage profile, line loss, voltage stability and the penetration level of EV charging station are improved after simultaneously optimally deploying EV charging station and PV units both in rural and standard 69 bus distribution networks. Different case studies were conducted and it was observed that deployment of EV charging station in the network leads to deterioration of voltage profile, voltage stability and line loss. The simulation outcome further reveals that the addition of PV panels concurrently with EV charging stations enhances the system performances and the penetration level of EV charging station in the network.
Økosystemmodel for Ringkøbing Fjord: Skarvbestandens påvirkning af fiskebestandene

Anne Johanne Dalsgaard, DTU Aqua, Institut for Akvatiske Ressourcer, DTU Villy Christensen, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Hanne Nicolajsen, DTU Aqua, Institut for Akvatiske Ressourcer, DTU Anders Koed, DTU Aqua, Institut for Akvatiske Ressourcer, DTU Josianne Støttrup, DTU Aqua, Institut for Akvatiske Ressourcer, DTU Jane Grooss, Miljøcenter Ringkøbing, Miljøministeriet Thomas Bregnballe, Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser, Aarhus Universitet Henrik Løkke Sørensen, Skovog Naturstyrelsen Jens Tang Christensen, Aarhus Universitet Rasmus Nielsen, Aarhus Universitet
Multi-direction bending sensing based on spot pattern demodulation of dual-hole fiber

A multi-direction bending sensor based on spot pattern demodulation of a dual-hole fiber (DHF) is proposed. By using the interference and scattering in a DHF, the related multidirectional variations can be captured by the optical field. Furthermore, the multi-directional bending characteristics of the fiber are quantitatively described by the pattern of the output light spot, achieving multidirectional bending sensing. In addition, considering the subtle changes in the deformation patterns over time, a convolutional neural network (CNN) model based on deep learning is introduced for accurate recognition and prediction of the bending angle. The experimental results show that the sensor can perceive different bending angles in four directions. These outstanding results indicate that the multi-directional bending sensor based on dual-hole interference pattern decoding has potential applications in multi-directional quantitative sensing and artificial intelligence perception.
Nonlinear site response evidence of K-NET and KiK-net records from the Mw 9

We analyzed the acceleration time histories recorded by the K-NET and KiK-net stations of the Mw 9 Tohoku earthquake in order to investigate site response issues related to near-source effects. Time-frequency analysis of K-NET stations in the Miyagi prefecture, closest to the rupture area, show that sites having a Vs30 < 400 m/s present a combination of deamplification at frequencies higher than 5 to 10 Hz and cyclic mobility (high acceleration peaks riding over a low frequency carrier). This suggests strong nonlinear site response at these stations. Furthermore, using KiK-net data we are able to compute borehole transfer functions from the mainshock and events having small PGA values from the local dataset. The ratio between weakmotion and strong-motion borehole transfer functions constitutes an indicator of nonlinear site response. This ratio reveals strong dependence on Vs30 and shows that widespread nonlinear behavior took place during this large earthquake.
TREE AS BIO-INDICATOR OF AUTOMOBILE POLLUTION IN SURAT CITY: A CASE STUDY

With the fast growth in industrial projects along with vehicular growth in Surat city the level of pollution is also increasing. The study examined the air pollution tolerance indices (APTI) of plant species Gulmohar Plant (Delonix Regia) around residential area, commercial area, developing area and industrial area of Surat city. Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) is used by landscapers to select plant species tolerant to air pollution. Experimental data suggested that combining a variety of physiological parameters could give more reliable results. The results of control site (CS) were compared to that of experimental site (ES). Throughout the study period, some species exhibited APTI variation related to changes in air, temperature and water status of the plant. The results highlighted the need for APTI measurements to be conducted at regular time intervals to keep an eye on pollution. The results showed that the most tolerant tree species with respect to APTI is Neem tree. These plants can be considered as tolerant species in the industrial areas as well as where vehicle movement is high. The species whose APTI value is low are considered as sensitive species. Further studies on air pollution tolerance index with respect to areas of Surat city indicated that the air pollution was found different at different places on various sampling days.
Screw Stress Distribution in a Clavicle Fracture with Plate Fixation: A Finite Element Analysis

Clavicle midshaft fractures are mostly treated surgically by open internal reduction with a superior or anteroinferior plate and screws or by intramedullary nailing. Screw positioning plays a critical role in determining the stress distribution. There is a lack of data on the screw position and the appropriate number of cortices required for plate fixation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the mechanical behavior of an anterior plate implanted in a fractured bone subjected to 120° of lateral elevation compared to a healthy clavicle using numerical simulations. Contact forces and moments used were obtained from literature data and applied to the healthy and fractured finite element models. Stresses of about 9 MPa were found on the healthy clavicle, while values of about 15 MPa were calculated on the plate of the fractured one; these stress peaks were reached at about 30° and 70° of elevation when the stress shielding on the clavicle sums all the three components of the solicitation: compression, flexion, and torsion. The stress distribution in a clavicle fracture stabilized with plates and screws is influenced by several factors, including the plate’s position and design, the type of screw, and the biomechanical forces applied during movements.
Mobilization of organic carbon and nitrogen in a retrogressive thaw slump on Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Western Canadian Arctic

Herschel Island, located in the southern Beaufort Sea, Western Canadian Arctic, shows a clear response to the global warming. Due to its ice-rich permafrost it is highly affected by environmental forcing and known for its high erosion rates and retrogressive thaw slump activity. Even though retrogressive thaw slumps have an effect on carbon and nitrogen cycling, until now there is not much known about the processes and carbon and nitrogen availability within a retrogressive thaw slump at a circumarctic scale. To provide new insides in this particular field, the retrogressive thaw slump “Slump D” on Herschel Island was divided into undisturbed (tundra zone, permafrost zone), and disturbed zones (mud pool zone, slump floor zone) and sampled via a fishnet grid. The tundra, mud pool and slump floor zones were sampled at 0 to 30 cm depth, for the permafrost zone permafrost profiles of up to 340 cm depth were sampled. In total 100 samples were analysed in their biogeochemical parameters (total organic carbon(TOC)-, total carbon(TC)-, total nitrogen(TN)-content) and stable isotope content (δ13Corg). The organic carbon source was determined for all zones to illustrate eventual differences in the deposition milieu. To show the degree of decomposition and degradation during the slumping process TOC/TN-ratio and δ13Corg were used as proxys. The results show that the tundra zone has the highest TC-, TOC- and TN-values follwed by the permafrost zone. The lowest values are determined for the slump floor and the mud pool zone. All of the zones show similar δ13Corg-values of -26.9‰but obvious differences in the TOC/TN-ratio. From the results it is concluded that the tundra zone shows a higher degradation than the permafrost zone but less than the mud pool and slump floor zone. Based on the high TOC/TN-values for the permafrost zone a vulnerable zone where carbon and nitrogen is available for decomposition during thawing processes is indicated. Due to the better quality of the organic matter within the permafrost zone labile carbon can be released right after thawing. The mud pool as well as the slump floor are highly degraded and store the more stable carbon which stays in the soil for several years. Within the slump floor zone no differences in degradation or composition are visible even though there is a mixture of old and new vegetated areas. With this findings the first step is made to understand the influence of degrading permafrost on carbon and nitrogen dynamics within a retrogressive thaw slump.
Taoist way of a balanced exercise training cocktail for the management of primary hypertension in older persons

High blood pressure is the world’s leading risk factor for mortality, affecting nearly half of the global population aged 50–79 years. Physical inactivity is one factor contributing to the prevalence of hypertension. This paper discusses a new concept for the management of hypertension in older persons. We are inclined to fade the current guidelines used in China, the United States, and Europe. Although demonstrating irrefutable benefits for blood pressure regulation, the guidelines fail to address the need to incorporate balance exercises, which are crucial for mitigating the risk of falling. We address three pressing questions regarding the efficacy of various combinations of exercise modes for blood pressure regulation, alongside providing an overview of balance exercises. At the core of our concept, we explicate the challenges inherent in addressing the global pandemic of physical inactivity and hypertension in regular socioeconomic people. No guidelines could change the state of inactivity by jumping between zero and all things, where “zero” symbolizes conditions such as physical inactivity and hypertension, and the concept of “all things” encompasses the ideals of an active lifestyle and healthy aging. We advocate a Taoist way, “zero–one—all things,” where “one” in this context refers to an inclusive and culturally diverse exercise training cocktail. The Tao guides us to illuminate an ancient way of overcoming physical inactivity-associated diseases in the present day.
Production of lactic acid from renewable resources using electrodialysis for product recovery

Lactic acid production by a mixed culture of Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus pentosus on hemicellulose from pre-treatment of wheat straw was evaluated. Different pre-treatment conditions were applied to minimise the use of alkali and oxygen in the process. Wet oxidation (no alkali) gave the highest amount of solubilised hemicellulose (measured as monosaccharides after acid hydrolysis) in particular at high oxygen pressure (25.8 g sugar/100 g straw). However, these conditions gave the lowest recovery of hemicellulose, whereas the previously found optimal conditions (alkaline wet oxidation at 12 bar oxygen) resulted in the highest hemicellulose recovery. Hence, a compromise between optimal hemicellulose recovery and solubilisation is necessary e.g. wet oxidation at 6-bar oxygen giving 23.8 g sugar/100 g straw with a hemicellulose recovery of 58%. The different hemicellulose-rich fractions were hydrolysed to fermentable sugars by the enzyme Celluclast after which these sugars were fermented to lactic acid giving up to 20 g lactic acid per 100 g straw. No inhibition from degradation products on either L. pentosus or L. brevis was observed. Hence, hemicellulose substrates look promising for lactic acid production in Denmark. Fermentation/Chapter 4
农村学校撤并后规模约束对学校优化布局的影响——以北京延庆区为例@@@Optimizing school distribution with constraints of school size after school consolidation in rural China: A case study of Yanqing District, Beijing City

: With urbanization and the decrease of rural population, a large number of rural schools in China has been merged. How to optimize the layout of schools has become a research hotspot. In 2008, China issued the standards of school size, but the impact of the standards on the layout of schools is yet to be researched. In this study, based on existing location allocation models, constraints of the size of schools were applied to build a model of school layout optimization, which also considered the constraint of maximum distance to school. We chose the primary schools in Yanqing District, Beijing for case study and used the branch and bound algorithm and global optimal solution method to solve the model. The data range from 1995 to 2010, which include 295 primary schools distributed in nearly all villages at the start, and 46 primary schools after the large-scale school merging. The results show that after the school size constraints were applied in the optimization model, 65.22% of the rural schools need to be relocated, which reflects the significant impact of school size constraints. But school spatial distribution pattern remained essentially unchanged at the town and township scale, with the prox-imity index higher than 1, larger than before. After applying the size constraints, the distribution pattern of schools was still a discrete type. But the degree of dispersion has decreased. The optimal solution with school size constraints can satisfy the national standards. At the same time, the optimal solution results in an increase of schooling distance at 135 m per student, which is acceptable. Finally, this study examined the implications of the results for the school layout optimization policy.
A Profile of the World's Young Developing Country Migrants

Individual level census and household survey data are used to present a rich profile of the young developing migrants around the world. Youth are found to comprise a large share of all migrants, particularly in migration to other developing countries, with the probability of migration peaking in the late teens or early twenties. The paper examines in detail the age and gender composition of migrants, whether or not young migrants move alone or with a parent or spouse, their participation in schooling and work in the destination country, the types of jobs they do, and the age of return migration. The results suggest a high degree of commonality in the youth migrant experience across a number of destination countries. In particular, developing country youth tend to work in similar occupations all around the world, and are more concentrated in these occupations than older migrants or native youth. Nevertheless, there is also considerable heterogeneity amongst youth migrants: 29 percent of 18 to 24 year olds are attending school in their destination country, but another 29 percent are not working or in school. This illustrates both the potential of migration for building human capital, and the fear that lack of integration prevents it from being used.
Analysis on Opinion Mining Using Combining Lexicon-Based Method and Multinomial Naïve Bayes

Opinion mining is the analysis on opinions which is done by looking at the sentiments, behaviors, or emotions contained in a product. Some of the opinion mining methods are using the lexicon-based and supervised learning. Lexicon-based method has a low recall, while supervised learning has good accuracy but requires a long training period. Therefore this paper will discuss lexicon-based method with one of the supervised learning methods namely Multinomial Naïve Bayes for the English language. These methods are used to classify opinions based on the sentiments, i.e., positive and negative. This research employed the feature extractions: unigram, POSTagging, and score-based feature on lexicon. The output of the system is the polarity of each document and the performance will be calculated using Precision, Recall, and F-measure. By implementing the opinion mining using the combining lexiconbased method and Multinomial Naive Bayes, the accuracy obtained was 0.637. Keywords—opinion mining; multinomial naive bayes; lexicon-
Investigation into the mechanism of surface atom emission from an individual cathode spot using molecular dynamics simulation

Contact erosion on the cathode of a vacuum arc is determined by the behaviours of the cathode spots, where the plasma–surface interactions take place. A comprehensive model of a single cathode spot is developed in this work based on the molecular dynamics method, where an atomic copper substrate in the size of nanometres is built and the contributions to the development of cathode spot from leftover plasma ions, surface electron emission, surface atom emission, back ions, Nottingham heating and Joule heating are integrated. Defined based on the surface temperature distribution, a cathode spot is observed in the simulation results. The surface atom emission, which is the origin of mass loss, can be directly detected by the atoms being isolated from the surface. Two routes of surface atom emission are observed as the sources of mass loss, including evaporation, and atom sputtering or splashing. It is found that in the high-temperature region, atom sputtering or splashing dominates the surface atom emission, which leads to considerable mass losses. The simulation results are consistent with previous experimental and other simulation findings, providing fundamental insights into the cathode spot formation mechanism from a microscopic perspective.
Maximum Likelihood DOA Estimation in Radar Low-Angle Tracking Environment

Based on the temporal-spatial sequential Maximum Likelihood(ML) algorithm,a new algorithm for estimating the elevation angle of a target in radar low-angle tracking environment is presented.According to the range of the target and the height of the antenna,the new algorithm first gets the relation of the direct and specular signals in elevation.Then a one-dimensional search are done on the likelihood function.Compared to the temporal-spatial sequential ML algorithm,the new algorithm not only has a low computation complexity,but also has a good performance.The theoretical analysis and computer simulation results demonstrate the merits of the new algorithm.
Ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) in canine ADAMTS10-open-angle glaucoma (ADAMTS10-OAG)

Introduction: The role of ocular rigidity and biomechanics remains incompletely understood in glaucoma, including assessing an individual’s sensitivity to intraocular pressure (IOP). In this regard, the clinical assessment of ocular biomechanics represents an important need. The purpose of this study was to determine a possible relationship between the G661R missense mutation in the ADAMTS10 gene and the ocular pulse amplitude (OPA), the difference between diastolic and systolic intraocular pressure (IOP), in a well-established canine model of open-angle glaucoma (OAG). Methods: Animals studied included 39 ADAMTS10-mutant dogs with different stages of OAG and 14 unaffected control male and female dogs between 6 months and 12 years (median: 3.2 years). Dogs were sedated intravenously with butorphanol tartrate and midazolam HCl, and their IOPs were measured with the Icare® Tonovet rebound tonometer. The Reichert Model 30™ Pneumotonometer was used to measure OPA. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured via Accutome® PachPen, and A-scan biometry was assessed with DGH Technology Scanmate. All outcome measures of left and right eyes were averaged for each dog. Data analysis was conducted with ANOVA, ANCOVA, and regression models. Results: ADAMTS10-OAG-affected dogs displayed a greater IOP of 23.0 ± 7.0 mmHg (mean ± SD) compared to 15.3 ± 3.6 mmHg in normal dogs (p < 0.0001). Mutant dogs had a significantly lower OPA of 4.1 ± 2.0 mmHg compared to 6.5 ± 2.8 mmHg of normal dogs (p < 0.01). There was no significant age effect, but OPA was correlated with IOP in ADAMTS10-mutant dogs. Conclusion: The lower OPA in ADAMTS10-mutant dogs corresponds to the previously documented weaker and biochemically distinct posterior sclera, but a direct relationship remains to be confirmed. The OPA may be a valuable clinical tool to assess ocular stiffness and an individual’s susceptibility to IOP elevation.
Relationships between Math Skills, Motor Skills, Physical Activity, and Obesity in Typically Developing Preschool Children

There is evidence of a relationship between motor and cognitive development. The literature has shown that of all the motor skills, fine motor skills are those that contribute most to mathematical performance in preschool children. As this is a sensitive period in the development of motor skills, low levels of physical activity in this period can compromise their development and contribute to weight gain and obesity. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze the relationship between mathematical and motor skills, physical activity levels, and obesity. The sample consisted of 62 preschool children (32 males) with an average age of 4.63 ± 0.81. The Weschler preschool and primary scale of intelligence—revised arithmetic test was used to assess mathematical skills. The tests to assess fine motor skills were the “Adapted Threading Beads Test” and the “Adapted Visuomotor Integration Test”. The movement assessment battery for children-2, band 1, “Aiming & Catching”, and “Balance” tests were used to assess gross motor skills. Levels of physical activity were assessed using the “Preschool-age physical activity questionnaire” and obesity using the body mass index. The results indicated that only the fine motor skills of visuomotor integration were included in the multiple linear regression model (F < 0.001; r = 0.464; R2 = 0.215; p < 0.001), with the exclusion of gross motor skills, physical activity levels, and obesity levels. Thus, it was concluded that mathematical skills were only directly and significantly influenced by visuomotor integration. However, visuomotor integration was positively and significantly associated with gross motor skills (r = 0.269; p < 0.05) and not with levels of physical activity and obesity. Thus, gross motor skills could contribute to improving visuomotor integration directly and consequently mathematical skills indirectly. The results of this study suggest that the implementation of structured physical activity programs can contribute to mathematical performance.