Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PEMILIHAN JENIS POHON LOKAL CEPAT TUMBUH UNTUK PEMULIHAN LINGKUNGAN LAHAN PASCATAMBANG BATUBARA (STUDI KASUS DI PT. SINGLURUS PRATAMA, KALIMANTAN TIMUR)

ABSTRACT Upaya reklamasi di pengusahaan pertambangan yang masuk dalam Kawasan Budidaya Kehutanan menyebabkan upaya reklamasi mengikuti aturan yang dikeluarkan oleh Kementerian Kehutanan yang mensyaratkan penanaman jenis lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi jenis-jenis pohon lokal cepat tumbuh yang berpotensi untuk revegetasi lahan pascatambang batubara di PT. Singlurus Pratama. Untuk mengidentifikasi jenis pohon lokal yang tumbuh alami di areal sekitar tambang dilakukan analisis vegetasi, sedangkan untuk memilih jenis pohon untuk revegetasi dilakukan analisis sampel tanah dari wilayah hutan sekitar tambang dan areal reklamasi, kajian habitat tempat tumbuh tiap jenis serta kemampuan regenerasi alami. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat tujuh jenis pohon yang berpotensi untuk digunakan dalam revegetasi lahan pascatambang, yaitu Ficus sp. , Fordia splendidissima, Homalanthus populneus, Leea indica, Macaranga hypoleuca, Syzygium sp. dan Vernonia arborea. Keywords: Pohon Lokal, Revegetasi, Tambang Batubara, PT. Singlurus Pratama.
Katabatic wind fields in coastal areas studied by ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar imagery and numerical modeling

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired over Mediterranean coastal waters from the first European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS-1) showing sea surface manifestations of katabatic wind fields are presented. In particular, sea surface roughness patterns generated by katabatic winds blowing from 1800 in high mountains through a broad valley at the western coast of Calabria (southern Italy) into the Gulf of Gioia is investigated. The ERS-1 SAR images show that their areal extent and shape vary strongly, depending on the meteorological conditions. The roughness pattern sometimes has the form of a mushroom, an elongated tongue, a broad blob, or a narrow truncated band. For one event (September 8, 1992) we have simulated the wind field at the sea surface by using a nonhydrostatic mesoscale atmospheric model and then compared it with the wind field derived from the ERS-1 SAR image by using the C band wind scatterometer model CMOD4. The comparison shows that the atmospheric model reproduces quite well the mushroom-like form of the wind field pattern, while the wind speed is obtained somewhat lower than the one inferred from the SAR image. This study demonstrates that SAR images acquired over coastal waters are well suited to study local wind fields in coastal areas and to test numerical models that describe local wind fields which extend from the coast onto the sea.
Initializing numerical weather prediction models with satellite‐derived surface soil moisture: Data assimilation experiments with ECMWF's Integrated Forecast System and the TMI soil moisture data set

[1] Satellite-derived surface soil moisture data sets are readily available and have been used successfully in hydrological applications. In many operational numerical weather prediction systems the initial soil moisture conditions are analyzed from the modeled background and 2 m temperature and relative humidity. This approach has proven its efficiency to improve surface latent and sensible heat fluxes and consequently the forecast on large geographical domains. However, since soil moisture is not always related to screen level variables, model errors and uncertainties in the forcing data can accumulate in root zone soil moisture. Remotely sensed surface soil moisture is directly linked to the model's uppermost soil layer and therefore is a stronger constraint for the soil moisture analysis. For this study, three data assimilation experiments with the Integrated Forecast System (IFS) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) have been performed for the 2-month period of June and July 2002: a control run based on the operational soil moisture analysis, an open loop run with freely evolving soil moisture, and an experimental run incorporating TMI (TRMM Microwave Imager) derived soil moisture over the southern United States. In this experimental run the satellite-derived soil moisture product is introduced through a nudging scheme using 6-hourly increments. Apart from the soil moisture analysis, the system setup reflects the operational forecast configuration including the atmospheric 4D-Var analysis. Soil moisture analyzed in the nudging experiment is the most accurate estimate when compared against in situ observations from the Oklahoma Mesonet. The corresponding forecast for 2 m temperature and relative humidity is almost as accurate as in the control experiment. Furthermore, it is shown that the soil moisture analysis influences local weather parameters including the planetary boundary layer height and cloud coverage.
Pb-isotope evidence for the role of Mesozoic basins in the genesis of Mississippi Valley-type mineralization in Somerset, UK

The Mendip–Bristol veinfield is one of a number of British Mississippi Valley-type deposits, the genesis of which has never been fully explained. The Mendip–Bristol Pb-Zn–Ba vein mineralization is hosted in Carboniferous, Permo-Triassic and Jurassic sediments. The metal sources involved during mineralization were investigated using Pb-isotope analysis of vein galenas.206Pb/206pb values range from 18 311 to 18.594,207Pb/204Pb values from 15.601 to 15.688 and 208Pb/204Pb values from 38.257 to 38.565. The data show three isotopically different mineralizing fluids, which it is suggested reflect fluid expulsion from adjacent Mesozoic sedimentary basins, as a result of overpressuring due to rapid subsidence in the Triassic–Jurassic.
Liquid CO2 breakout and the formation of recent small gullies on Mars

We show that the action of a CO2 suspended flow could have produced the recent small gullies on Mars, and, hence, that liquid water is not required. The model involves the build‐up of a liquid‐CO2 aquifer behind and below a dry‐ice barrier (dam/cap rock) in the pore spaces a few meters into the rock from the cliff face and on order of a hundred meters below the top of the cliff brink surface. Seasonal (or obliquity‐cycle‐seasonal) heating causes pinching out of the dry‐ice barrier and rapid release of the liquid CO2. Erosion of the gullies occurs as the rapid vaporization of the liquid CO2 with entrainment of rock and clathrate‐hydrate ice produces a density flow analogous to a terrestrial nue ardente.
Trace gases in the Antarctic atmosphere

Fundamentally, the hypotheses that have been presented to explain the late winter loss of Antarctic ozone fall into two broad categories. One is that it is essentially chemical in origin, the other that it is caused by dynamically induced ingress of ozone-poor air from the troposphere. Whole-air samples collected aboard both the NASA ER-2 and DC-8 aircraft as part of the Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment (AAOE) were analyzed in a field laboratory set up at Punta Arenas, Chile. Mixing ratios obtained from gas chromatographic analyses of these samples are presented for CH4, CO, N2O, CFCl3, CF2Cl2, C2F3Cl3, CH3CCl3, and CCl4. Variations in the mixing ratios of these trace gases provide valuable information for both categories of postulation as indicators of the presence, motions, and history of air masses in the Antarctic atmosphere. Evidence of sustained subsidence is clearly indicated by comparison of CFCl3/N2O mixing ratios from the flights of September 16–29, 1987.
Effect of temperature on petrophysical properties of reservoir rocks

It is concluded that the temperature sensitivity of rock-fluid wettability in explaining the observed temperature effects on petrophysical properties may have been overemphasized in the literature, and in this regard due consideration should be given to the change in fluid viscosity and rock matrix with temperature. The possible errors in well-log analysis and formation evaluation due to the common practice of neglecting temperature effects on some rock properties are pointed out. Through hypothetical examples, it is shown that the error due to neglecting temperature effects on petrophysical properties may be significant when predicting performance of primary (oil expansion, solution gas) and secondary (waterflood) recovery projects. (55 refs.)
Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (Pacific Northwest): chinook salmon

Species profiles are literature summaries of the taxonomy, morphology, range, life history, and environmental requirements of coastal aquatic species. The chinook salmon (Oncorphynchus tshawytscha), which make up 9% to 13% of the commercial salmon catch, are the most highly prized and represent the most dollar value of the Pacific salmon. They are also a highly prized sportfish, reaching weights of 8.2 to 9.1 kg (18 to 20 lb) or more during their fourth year. They are anadromous fish that spend 1 year to 18 months in freshwater and then migrate to saltwater. They remain in the marine environment 1 to 6 years, averaging 3 to 4 years before returning to their river of origin to spawn. Three major races of chinook salmon exist (spring, summer, fall) and have different spawning cycles. All chinook salmon die after they spawn. 70 references, 4 figures, 1 table.
Volatile organic compounds emitted after leaf wounding: On‐line analysis by proton‐transfer‐reaction mass spectrometry

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from vegetation, including wound-induced VOCs, can have important effects on atmospheric chemistry. The analytical methods for measuring wound-induced VOCs, especially the hexenal family of VOCs (hexenals, hexenols, and hexenyl esters), are complicated by their chemical instability and the transient nature of their formation after leaf and stem wounding. Here we demonstrate that formation and emission of hexenal family compounds can be monitored on-line using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), avoiding the need for preconcentration or chromatography. These measurements allow direct analysis of the rapid emission of the parent compound, (Z)-3-hexenal, within 1-2 s of wounding of aspen leaves and then its disappearance and the appearance of its metabolites including (E)-2-hexenal, hexenols, and hexenyl acetates. Similar results were seen in wounded beech leaves and clover. The emission of hexenal family compounds was proportional to the extent of wounding, was not dependent on light, occurred in attached or detached leaves, and was greatly enhanced as detached leaves dried out. Emission of (Z)-3-hexenal from detached drying aspen leaves averaged 500 m gCg 21 (dry leaf weight). Leaf wound compounds were not emitted in a nitrogen atmosphere but were released within seconds of reintroduction of oxygen; this indicates that there are not large pools of hexenyl compounds in leaves. The PTR-MS method also allows the simultaneous detection of less abundant hexanal family VOCs including hexanal, hexanol, and hexyl acetate and VOCs formed in the light (isoprene) or during anoxia (acetaldehyde). PTR- MS may be a useful tool for the analysis of VOC emissions resulting from grazing, herbivory, and other physical damage to vegetation, from harvesting of crops, and from senescing leaves.
Dipole Anomaly in the Winter Arctic Atmosphere and Its Association with Sea Ice Motion

Abstract This paper identified an atmospheric circulation anomaly–dipole structure anomaly in the Arctic atmosphere and its relationship with winter sea ice motion, based on the International Arctic Buoy Program (IABP) dataset (1979–98) and datasets from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) for the period 1960–2002. The dipole anomaly corresponds to the second-leading mode of EOF of monthly mean sea level pressure (SLP) north of 70°N during the winter season (October–March) and accounts for 13% of the variance. One of its two anomalous centers is stably occupied between the Kara Sea and Laptev Sea; the other is situated from the Canadian Archipelago through Greenland extending southeastward to the Nordic seas. The dipole anomaly differs from one described in other papers that can be attributed to an eastward shift of the center of action of the North Atlantic Oscillation. The finding shows that the dipole anomaly also differs from.
Validation of remotely sensed evapotranspiration over the Hai River Basin, China

[1] Ground-based validation is crucial for ensuring the accuracy of remotely sensed evapotranspiration (RS_ET) and extending its application. This paper proposes an innovative validation method based on multisource evapotranspiration (ET) from ground measurements, with the validation results including the accuracy assessment, error source analysis, and uncertainty analysis of the validation process. It is a potentially useful approach to evaluate the accuracy and analyze the spatiotemporal properties of RS_ET at both the basin and local scales, and is appropriate to validate RS_ET in diverse resolutions at different time-scales. An independent RS_ET validation using such a method was presented over the Hai River Basin in 2002–2009, China. In general, validation at the basin scale showed good agreements between the 1 km annual RS_ET and the validation data such as the water balance ET (root-mean-square error (RMSE): 50.73 mm), MODIS ET products (RMSE: 79.84 mm), precipitation, and land use types. At the local scale, multiscale ET measurements from large aperture scintillometer (LAS) and eddy covariance system (EC) with a footprint model were used for validation over three typical landscapes. In most cases, the 1 km RS_ET resulted in slight overestimation with the LAS measurements (RMSE: 10.75 mm for monthly results, 0.78 mm for daily results), while the 30 m RS_ET was underestimated compared to the EC measurements (RMSE: 16.28 mm for monthly results, 0.99 mm for daily results). Furthermore, error sources of RS_ET and uncertainties of the validation process were investigated in detail. The results showed that the proposed validation method was reasonable and feasible.
L'évolution de la fabrique lyonnaise de soieries / Change in silk manufacturing in the Lyon region

La soierie lyonnaise a repose jusqu'a la decennie 70 sur la fabrication en sous-traitance a la campagne pour les donneurs d'ordres a Lyon, suivant le systeme de la fabrique. La mutation technologique, la crise sectorielle des annees 60 et la crise mondiale de 1974 ont mis a mal la production et l'organisation traditionnelles. Les productions classiques pour l'habillement et l'ameublement se reconstituent autour des "usiniers" de province qui se rendent independants des fabricants lyonnais. Deux secteurs nouveaux se developpent a l'ecart de la Fabrique, dans les anciens fiefs du tissage en milieu rural : les tissus volumetriques et surtout les tissus techniques pour lesquels la region lyonnaise a un quasi- monopole en France.
Interferometric Analysis of RADARSAT Strip-Map Mode Data

RÉSUMÉ Le capteur radar à synthèse d'ouverture (RSO) de RADARSAT propose plusieurs modes d'acquisition dont les modes carte-bande et ScanSAR. Nous considérons l'analyse interférométrique d'ensembles de données RADARSAT en mode carte-bande qui diffèrent sous plusieurs angles des données radar du satellite ERS. Il est possible de sélectionner des couplets d'images interférométriques avec des lignes de référence appropriées par le biais d'une évaluation de la dérive équatoriale projetée de la trace au sol du satellite. Nous avons fait l'acquisition de plusieurs ensembles de données avec des lignes de référence interférométriques utiles au-dessus de l'île de Bathurst, au Canada. Ce site d'étude arctique présente des conditions de surface sèches et désertiques, réduisant ainsi les effets de la décorrélation temporelle durant l'intervalle de 24 jours du cycle de RADARSAT, spécialement au cours de l'hiver, et permettant de générer des interférogrammes utiles et de faire la démonstration des techniques interférométriques. Les effets de la géométrie d'acquisition de RADARSAT sur les spectres d'azimut et de portée sont analysés pour établir leur influence sur l'alignement spectral. On propose aussi une discussion sur la décorrélation rotationnelle causée par la géométrie asymétrique de l'orbite. À partir de trois couplets d'images, nous comparons la précision relative des données éphémères annotées et externes définies de l'orbite de RADARSAT et nous discutons des mérites de ces deux types de données d'orbite pour la détermination de la géométrie interférométrique tridimensionnelle d'acquisition.
Cross-Cultural Management : An Examination of Task , Relationship and Work Overload Stress Orientations of Russians and Vietnamese

As the world of business has become more globalized than ever, organizational leadership and workforce have also become more culturally diverse. Thus, understanding the leadership behaviors and work-related stress perception of employees in different cultures is strategically important for businesses in the 21 st century. This paper specifically investigated the task and relationship behaviors as well as the work overload stress perception of working adults in Russia and Vietnam. Using Northouse’s (2007) Style Questionnaire and the Overload Stress Inventory adapted from Hyde and Allen’s conceptual analysis of overload (1996), this study provides a cross cultural analysis of 418 respondents including 230 Russians and 188 Vietnamese based on their place of birth and gender. Vietnamese respondents have significantly higher scores on task, relationship and stress orientations than Russians. However, gender is not a significant factor on task, relationship, and the stress perceptions of these respondents. In this paper, the history and culture of Russia and Vietnam, as well as literature review on the behavioral approaches to leadership and gender role are presented along with practical implications and suggestions for managers, practitioners and future studies.
Fluorine and boron geochemistry of tektites, impact glasses, and target rocks

— We have analyzed fluorine and boron in nine tektites from all four strewn fields, and in a suite of impact glasses and target rocks from the Zhamanshin and Darwin impact craters, as well as Libyan Desert Glass and Aouelloul impact glass samples. Fluorine and boron are useful indicators for the volatilization and temperature history of tektites and impact glasses. Tektites from different strewn fields show a limited range of F and B contents and have F/B ratios near unity. Most splash-form tektites have lower average F and B contents than Muong Nong type tektites, which is similar to the relation between irghizites and zhamanshinites. The F and B contents in target rocks from the Zhamanshin and Darwin impact craters are similar to normal terrestrial sediments. Fluorine in impact glasses and tektites is more depleted compared to their (known or inferred) target rocks than is boron, which is caused by the higher volatility of F. The F/B ratios therefore decrease with increasing temperature of formation (suggesting that irghizites were formed at a higher temperature than zhamanshinites, and Muong Nong type tektites at a lower temperature than splash-form tektites). Mixing of local country rocks together with partial loss of the volatiles F and B can reproduce the F and B contents of impact glasses.
Reepithelialisation and the possible involvement of the transcription factor, basonuclin

This article briefly summarises the basic mechanism of reepithelialisation and discusses the possible role of the cell‐type‐specific transcription factor, basonuclin. Reepithelialisation is initiated by a signal resulting from the absence of neighbouring cells at the wound edge. Basal cells at the wound edge become flattened and lose their intercellular desmosomes and substratum attachment. The amount of cytoplasmic actinomyosin filaments that insert into the new adhesion complexes is increased, and contraction of those filaments produces cell movement. The epithelial cells at the wound edge migrate on a provisional matrix using the newly expressed integrin receptors. Once reepithelialisation is complete, the epithelial cells revert to the normal phenotype of basal epidermal cells, firmly attach to the newly developed basement membrane zone through hemidesmosomes and resume standard differentiation. Protein synthesis increases in the epidermal cells at the wound edge during reepithelialisation. Active protein synthesis requires accelerated transcription of ribosomal RNA genes. The transcription factor basonuclin binds to the ribosomal RNA gene promoter and increases the transcription of the genes. Therefore, it is speculated that basonuclin in epithelial cells is required in the process of reepithelialisation.
The water‐energy‐climate nexus: Resources and policy outlook for aquifers in Mexico

Three interlinked processes drive groundwater balances in diverse regions globally: (1) groundwater‐irrigation intensification, (2) electrical energy supply for agriculture, and (3) climatic variability. Mexico's water‐energy‐climate nexus offers generic lessons because of its water scarcity and institutional reforms followed in other emerging economies. This paper analyzes data for 280 aquifers in Mexico, all registered water users, population projections, 2010–2100 precipitation and temperature projections for A1B and A2 emissions scenarios from 15 general circulation models, and 1999–2009 agricultural electricity use. Under A2 emissions, aquifers with negative balances will increase from 92 to 130 in number between 2010 and 2100, and the national groundwater deficit will increase by 21.3 km3. Under A2 and medium‐variant population growth (which peaks midcentury), negative‐balance aquifers will increase from 92 to 133, and the national groundwater deficit will increase by 22.4 km3. Agricultural power pricing offers a nexus‐based policy tool to address aquifer depletion, an opportunity that was lost with the 2003 reduction in nighttime tariffs. Under A2, medium‐variant population, and simulated 2% real annual increases in agricultural power tariffs, negative‐balance aquifers will increase from 92 to 111, and the national groundwater deficit will increase by 17.5 km3 between 2010 and 2100. Regulatory and user‐based groundwater management initiatives indicate growing awareness of aquifer depletion; however, the long‐term outlook points to continued depletion. This raises the need to harness nexus‐based policy options, i.e., increasing agricultural power tariffs, eliminating reduced nighttime tariffs, enforcing legislation linking groundwater extraction to power use, and limiting new power connections for groundwater wells.
Thermodynamics of pyrope‐grossular garnets and their stabilities at high temperatures and high pressures

Activity expressions for Mg3Al2Si3O12 and Ca3Al2Si3O12 in pyrope-grossular garnets that include explicit enthalpy, entropy, and volume terms have been formulated from measured thermodynamic properties. Predicted Ca3Al2Si3O12 activities agree well with those given by Hensen et al. (1975) based on high-pressure phase equilibrium experimentation, when the latter activities are corrected to 1 bar with the measured partial molar volumes. Calculations of the stabilities of garnets in the CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 system reproduce fairly accurately the most reliable phase equilibrium data at 1000°–1200°C that do not heavily involve a clinopyroxene phase. Though the calculation of garnet-clinopyroxene stability relations is in general agreement with available experimental observations, a critical comparison is hindered by the uncertainties in the high-temperature heat capacities of the garnet and clinopyroxene components. The predicted solvus in the garnet join develops a ‘spike’ at high pressures which is displaced toward pyrope-rich compositions.