Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Analysis of the Kronecker Product of Irreducible Representations of the Symmetric Group

The Kronecker product of two irreducible matrix representations D (A), D (fi) of the symmetric group on n letters, furnishes a representation of that group, which is, in general reducible. The question of what irreducible representations will appear in the analysis of such products has been dealt with by Prof. F. D. Murnaghan. Indeed he has obtained the analysis of D (n — p, Aa,.) x D (n — q, [i ), for the particular values, p = 1, q = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; p = 2, q = 2, 3, 4; p — 3, q = 3, 4, applying a method which is a recurrence one, in the sense that to obtain such an analysis we have to look at some other analyses which come first in order.
Ferrocenophanium Stability and Catalysis

Ferrocenium catalysis is a vibrant research area, and an increasing number of ferrocenium-catalyzed processes have been reported in the recent years. However, the ferrocenium cation is not very stable in solution, which may potentially hamper catalytic applications. In an effort to stabilize ferrocenium-type architectures by inserting a bridge between the cyclopentadienyl rings, we investigated two ferrocenophanium (or ansa-ferrocenium) cations with respect to their stability and catalytic activity in propargylic substitution reactions. One of the ferrocenophanium complexes was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Cyclic voltammetry experiments of the ferrocenophane parent compounds were performed in the absence and presence of alcohol nucleophiles, and the stability of the cations in solution was judged based on the reversibility of the electron transfer. The experiments revealed a moderate stabilizing effect of the bridge, albeit the effect is not very pronounced or straightforward. Catalytic propargylic substitution test reactions revealed decreased activity of the ferrocenophanium cations compared to the ferrocenium cation. It appears that the somewhat stabilized ferrocenophanium cations show decreased catalytic activity.
A 56 Gb/s Half-Rate PAM4 SerDes Receiver with LC-VCO Based CDR in 40-nm CMOS Technology

This paper presents a compact 56 Gb/s 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) SerDes receiver, which employs a half rate architecture. By employing a LC voltage control oscillator (LC-VCO) based clock and data recovery (CDR), the jitter of the receiver is greatly reduced, and the complexity and noise of the system are also decreased. The CDR is implemented in a type-II bang-bang phase-locked loop (BBPLL) topology. To reduce the locking time and improve the stability of CDR, all of the PAM4 signal transitions with the central crossover point chosen by a waveform filter are utilized to extract the phase error. The receiver is designed in a 40-nm CMOS technology and supplied with 1.1 V and the core circuit occupy an area of 0.13 mm2. The simulation results show that the proposed PAM4 receiver can work at 56 Gbit/s with 172 mW consumption.
Deep Reinforcement Learning Based UAV Trajectory Design for Data Collection Scenario with No-Fly Zones

Recently, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted communication system has been introduced as a promising paradigm for the future space-aerial-terrestrial integrated communications. In this paper, we investigate an UAV communication system, where the UAV is employed to assist multiple ground loT devices for data collection in the area of interest with the existence of no-fly zones. Unlike existing approaches focusing only on simplified line-of-sigh (LoS)-dominant channel model, this paper considers a more practical probability LoS channel model, which considers path loss and shadowing. On the premise of satisfying the data throughput requirements of all ground loT devices, we intend to minimize the total task completion time by jointly optimizing UAV's trajectory and communication scheduling. To tackle the non-convex and difficult intractable problem, we first transform the original problem into an Markov decision process (MDP) problem, and then we propose a trajectory design solution based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm for completion time minimization. The UAV serves as an agent in the process of execution algorithm, interacting with the environment and constantly improving its own mobile strategy. Finally, numerical results demonstrate that the proposed design contributes to significant performance enhancement and can be applied to practical scenarios with no-fly zones.
Quality by Design-Based Development of Solid Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SEDDS) as a Potential Carrier for Oral Delivery of Lysozyme

For many years, researchers have been making efforts to find a manufacturing technique, as well as a drug delivery system, that will allow for oral delivery of biopharmaceuticals to their target site of action without impairing their biological activity. Due to the positive in vivo outcomes of this formulation strategy, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDSs) have been intensively studied in the last few years as a way of overcoming the different challenges associated with the oral delivery of macromolecules. The purpose of the present study was to examine the possibility of developing solid SEDDSs as potential carriers for the oral delivery of lysozyme (LYS) using the Quality by Design (QbD) concept. LYS was successfully ion paired with anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), and this complex was incorporated into a previously developed and optimized liquid SEDDS formulation comprising medium-chain triglycerides, polysorbate 80, and PEG 400. The final formulation of a liquid SEDDS carrying the LYS:SDS complex showed satisfactory in vitro characteristics as well as self-emulsifying properties (droplet size: 13.02 nm, PDI: 0.245, and zeta potential: −4.85 mV). The obtained nanoemulsions were robust to dilution in the different media and highly stable after 7 days, with a minor increase in droplet size (13.84 nm) and constant negative zeta potential (−0.49 mV). An optimized liquid SEDDS loaded with the LYS:SDS complex was further solidified into powders by adsorption onto a chosen solid carrier, followed by direct compression into self-emulsifying tablets. Solid SEDDS formulations also exhibited acceptable in vitro characteristics, while LYS preserved its therapeutic activity in all phases of the development process. On the basis of the results gathered, loading the hydrophobic ion pairs of therapeutic proteins and peptides to solid SEDDS may serve as a potential method for delivering biopharmaceuticals orally.
Transcriptional Profiling of Rat Prefrontal Cortex after Acute Inescapable Footshock Stress

Stress is a primary risk factor for psychiatric disorders such as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The response to stress involves the regulation of transcriptional programs, which is supposed to play a role in coping with stress. To evaluate transcriptional processes implemented after exposure to unavoidable traumatic stress, we applied microarray expression analysis to the PFC of rats exposed to acute footshock (FS) stress that were sacrificed immediately after the 40 min session or 2 h or 24 h after. While no substantial changes were observed at the single gene level immediately after the stress session, gene set enrichment analysis showed alterations in neuronal pathways associated with glia development, glia–neuron networking, and synaptic function. Furthermore, we found alterations in the expression of gene sets regulated by specific transcription factors that could represent master regulators of the acute stress response. Of note, these pathways and transcriptional programs are activated during the early stress response (immediately after FS) and are already turned off after 2 h—while at 24 h, the transcriptional profile is largely unaffected. Overall, our analysis provided a transcriptional landscape of the early changes triggered by acute unavoidable FS stress in the PFC of rats, suggesting that the transcriptional wave is fast and mild, but probably enough to activate a cellular response to acute stress.
Analysis and Hardening of SEGR in Trench VDMOS with Termination Structure

Single-event gate-rupture (SEGR) in the trench vertical double-diffused power MOSFET (VDMOS) occurs at a critical bias voltage during heavy-ion experiments. Fault analysis demonstrates that the hot spot is located at the termination of the VDMOS, and the gate oxide in the termination region has been damaged. The SEGR-hardened termination with multiple implantation regions is proposed and simulated using the Sentaurus TCAD. The multiple implantation regions are introduced, leading to an increase in the distance between the gate oxide and the hole accumulation region, as well as a decrease in the resistivity of the hole conductive path. This approach is effective in reducing the electric field of the gate oxide to below the calculated critical field, and results in a lower electric field than the conventional termination.
All-optical nor gate based on the interaction between cosine-shaped input beams of orthogonal polarization

The design of an all-optical nor gate is presented. The logic operation is performed by the nonlinear Kerr interaction between beams that enter with cosine field shapes in a planar waveguide, as could be obtained, for example, by input channel guides. The beams have orthogonal polarizations. The gate is not phase dependent, grants a fan-out of two, and might also work in the presence of moderate nonlinear absorption.
Sieve Search Centroiding Algorithm for Star Sensors

The localization of the center of the star image formed on a sensor array directly affects attitude estimation accuracy. This paper proposes an intuitive self-evolving centroiding algorithm, termed the sieve search algorithm (SSA), which employs the structural properties of the point spread function. This method maps the gray-scale distribution of the star image spot into a matrix. This matrix is further segmented into contiguous sub-matrices, referred to as sieves. Sieves comprise a finite number of pixels. These sieves are evaluated and ranked based on their degree of symmetry and magnitude. Every pixel in the image spot carries the accumulated score of the sieves associated with it, and the centroid is its weighted average. The performance evaluation of this algorithm is carried out using star images of varied brightness, spread radius, noise level, and centroid location. In addition, test cases are designed around particular scenarios, like non-uniform point spread function, stuck-pixel noise, and optical double stars. The proposed algorithm is compared with various long-standing and state-of-the-art centroiding algorithms. The numerical simulation results validated the effectiveness of SSA, which is suitable for small satellites with limited computational resources. The proposed algorithm is found to have precision comparable with that of fitting algorithms. As for computational overhead, the algorithm requires only basic math and simple matrix operations, resulting in a visible decrease in execution time. These attributes make SSA a fair compromise between prevailing gray-scale and fitting algorithms concerning precision, robustness, and processing time.
Clinical Characteristics of Minimal Lumbar Disc Herniation and Efficacy of Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy via Transforaminal Approach: A Retrospective Study

Objective: To define the characteristics of Mini LDH, develop new diagnostic references and examine the clinical efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy via a transforaminal approach (TF-PELD) for it. Methods: A total of 72 patients who underwent TF-PELD with Mini LDH from September 2019 to October 2022 were enrolled in this retrospective study. The patients’ basic information, symptoms, number of outpatient visits, duration of conservative treatment, physical examination findings and so on were obtained from the medical records. Clinical effects of TF-PELD for Mini LDH were assessed by means of the following: the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for low back pain (LBP) and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) for functional status assessment and Modified Mac Nab criteria for patient satisfaction. Results: Mini LDH have specific clinical characteristics and imaging features. All included patients achieved obvious pain relief after TF-PELD surgery. Pain scores were repeated at postoperative day 1 and 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months later. Results were statistically analyzed. The average VAS-Back, VAS-Leg and ODI scores were all significantly reduced at the first postoperative day and gradually decreased with the follow-up time continuing. In total, 66 out of 72 patients received an excellent or good recovery and no poor result was reported according to the Modified Mac Nab criteria. Conclusions: Mini LDH is a type of LDH with special characteristics and in need of correct diagnosis and active treatment in clinical work. TF-PELD was also found to be an effective procedure for the treatment of Mini LDH.
Single-mode propagation in optical waveguides and fibres: a critical review of its treatment in physics textbooks

The derivation and description of the modes in optical waveguides and fibres are reviewed. The version frequently found in undergraduate textbooks is shown to be incorrect and misleading due to the assumption of an axial ray of light corresponding to the lowest order mode. It is pointed out that even the lowest order must still be represented in an elementary treatment by a ray reflecting between opposite core and cladding boundaries.
Results of One Year of Preoperational Production of Sea Surface Temperatures from GOES-8

Abstract Routine calculations of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-8 (GOES-8, also known as GOES-East) data have been made at the Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale (CMS) of Meteo-France on an hourly basis since October 1999. This work is a first step toward increasing the coverage of the Atlantic through combined use of GOES-East and the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite system. SST calculations have been made using coefficients derived from regressions applied on simulated brightness temperatures. Validations with drifting buoy observations showed that the vicinity of the cloud mask has a significant impact on the results and that the accuracies obtained for the cloud-free validation boxes are comparable to those of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) with standard deviation of the differences relative to buoy observations of about 0.6 K by day and 0.4 K by night. An analysis of the retrieval error as a function of time of day r.
Metabolic Variations among Three New Tea Varieties Cultivated in Shandong, China

Cultivar identification is a necessary step in tea breeding programs. Rapid identification methods would greatly improve these breeding processes. To preliminarily identify the three new Lucha tea varieties (LC6, LC7, and LC17) cultivated in Shandong, we measured their main agronomic characters and biochemical components. Then, we analyzed the metabolic profiles of these tea varieties and Fuding Dabaicha (FD) using a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS system. Their biochemical components indicated that the Lucha varieties had excellent varietal characteristics, with higher amino acid contents. Furthermore, secondary metabolism changed a lot in the Lucha tea varieties compared with that in the FD, with their accumulations of flavonoids and phenolic acids showing significant differences. These differential flavonoids were dominated by flavones and flavanone, flavonols, flavonoid carbonosides, and flavanols monomer. Flavanols especially, including epicatechin glucoside, epicatechin-3-(3″-O-methyl)gallate, epigallocatechin-3-O-(3,5-O-dimethyl)gallate, and epitheaflavic acid-3-O-Gallate, showed higher levels in the Lucha varieties. The phenolic acids containing caffeoyl groups showed higher levels in the Lucha varieties than those in the FD, while those containing galloyl groups showed a reverse pattern. Nitrogen metabolism, including amino acids, also showed obvious differences between the Lucha varieties and FD. The differential amino acids were mainly higher in the Lucha varieties, including 5-L-glutamyl-L-amino acid, N-monomethyl-L-arginine, and N-α-acetyl-L-ornithine. By using these approaches, we found that LC6, LC7, and LC17 were excellent varieties with a high yield and high quality for making green teas in Shandong.
Leveraging Semantics in Appearance based Loop Closure Detection for Long-Term Visual SLAM

In simultaneous localization and mapping, the detection of true loop closure benefits in relocalization and increased map accuracy. However, its performance is largely affected by variation in light conditions, viewpoints, seasons, and presence of dynamic objects. Focusing the advantages of visual semantics, this research proposes a semantics aided bag-of-wordsmodel overcoming the limitations of conventional BoW model which performs appearance-based loop detection and has been gold standard for many years. The proposed method reduces the computation time while matching current frame with the database image by segmenting the search space. Further it enhances the true loop detection rate.
The edges of molecular clouds: Fractal boundaries and density structure

This paper continues a discussion of the manifestations of the highly nonlinear physical equations underlying the dynamics of the dense interstellar medium. Previously, Falgarone and Phillips confirmed that the velocity field in non-star-forming regions could be explained as a turbulent phenomenon, showing the Kolmogorov scaling of velocity dispersion with spatial extent, and proposed that the excess of large velocity deviations (line wings stronger than predicted by a Gaussian distribution) corresponds to the fundamental property of turbulent flows called intermittency. In the present work we inspect the spatial structure of the dense medium. The observations of clouds at two different distances were carried out at high angular resolution using several transitions of the carbon monoxide molecule. Cloud edge regions were selected for the study to avoid the spatial crowding of emitting components, which obscures the structure of cloud cores
Microwave-Based Technique for Measuring Glucose Levels in Aqueous Solutions

This study describes a non-invasive method for measuring the glucose level in aqueous solutions using a microwave-based system. The test sample (i.e., glucose-water solution) is subjected to a microwave signal. Two RF microstrip patch antennas manufactured using an FR-4 substrate and resonating at 5.7 GHz are used to create the suggested glucose sensor. The glucose-water solution is placed between the two antennas. An electronic conditioning circuit (i.e., analog readout circuit) is used to condition the received signal. A novel method to measure the amount of glucose is to observe the variation in the DC output voltage on the receiver side. Utilizing glucose-water testing samples, the technique is experimentally validated. For a concentration range of 0–5000 mg/dL, the experimental findings support the relationship between glucose concentration and the DC output voltage.
Compact and Wideband Coupled-Line 3-dB Ring Hybrids

In this paper, two types of wideband 3-㏈ ring hybrids are compared and discussed to show the ring hybrid with a set of coupled-line sections better. However, the better one still has a realization problem that perfect matching can be achieved only with －3 ㏈ coupling power. To solve the problem, a set of coupled-line sections with two shorts is synthesized using one- and two-port equivalent circuits and design equations are derived to have perfect matching, regardless of the coupling power. Based on the design equations, a modified Π-type of transmission-line equivalent circuit is newly suggested. It consists of coupled-line sections with two shorts and two open stubs and can be used to reduce a transmission-line section, especially when its electrical length is greater than π. Therefore, the 3λ/4 transmission-line section of a conventional ring hybrid can be reduced to less than π/2. To verify the modified Π-type of transmission- line equivalent circuit, two kinds of simulations are carried out; one is fixing the electrical length of the coupled-line sections and the other fixing its coupling coefficient. The simulation results show that the bandwidths of resulting small transmission lines are strongly dependent on the coupling power. Using modified and conventional Π-types of transmission-line equivalent circuits, a small ring hybrid is built and named a compact wideband coupled-line ring hybrid, due to the fact that a set of coupled-line sections is included. One of compact ring hybrids is compared with a conventional ring hybrid and the compared results demonstrate that the bandwidth of a proposed compact ring hybrid is much wider, in spite of being more than three times smaller in size. To test the compact ring hybrids, a microstrip compact ring hybrid, whose total transmission-line length is 220°, is fabricated and measured. The measured power divisions(S₂₁, S₄₁, S₂₃ and S₄₃) are －2.78 ㏈, －3.34 ㏈, －2.8 ㏈ and －3.2 ㏈, respectively at a design center frequency of 2 ㎓, matching and isolation less than －20 ㏈ in more than 20 % fractional bandwidth.
Adapting the Evidence Academy model for virtual stakeholder engagement in a national setting during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic raised the importance of adaptive capacity and preparedness when engaging historically marginalized populations in research and practice. The Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics in Underserved Populations’ COVID-19 Equity Evidence Academy Series (RADx-UP EA) is a virtual, national, interactive conference model designed to support and engage community-academic partnerships in a collaborative effort to improve practices that overcome disparities in SARS-CoV-2 testing and testing technologies. The RADx-UP EA promotes information sharing, critical reflection and discussion, and creation of translatable strategies for health equity. Staff and faculty from the RADx-UP Coordination and Data Collection Center developed three EA events with diverse geographic, racial, and ethnic representation of attendees from RADx-UP community-academic project teams: February 2021 (n = 319); November 2021 (n = 242); and September 2022 (n = 254). Each EA event included a data profile; 2-day, virtual event; event summary report; community dissemination product; and an evaluation strategy. Operational and translational delivery processes were iteratively adapted for each EA across one or more of five adaptive capacity domains: assets, knowledge and learning, social organization, flexibility, and innovation. The RADx-UP EA model can be generalized beyond RADx-UP and tailored by community and academic input to respond to local or national health emergencies.
Dual Band Circular Patch Flexible Wearable Antenna Design for Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications

In this paper, a dual band wearable antenna for 5G applications that resonates at 3.63 GHz and 4.95 GHz covering sub-6 GHz 5G-NR bands such as n48, n77, n78, and n79 is presented. The antenna consists of slotted circular ring patch as radiating element, polyester as wearable substrate, and a partial ground plane on the bottom. The designed antenna is sized at 55×46×0.4 mm3, achieving a bandwidth of 300 MHz from 3.50 to 3.80 GHz and a bandwidth of 160 MHz from 4.86 to 5.02 GHz. Besides, the antenna shows realized gain of 4.2 dBi at 3.63 GHz and 5.78 dBi at 4.95 GHz, whereas efficiency is found 90.5 % and 82.3 % respectively.