Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hearing. I. The Cochlea as a Frequency Analyzer

Polliblemethods of sensory appreciation of the natureofsounds are briefly surveyed in relation to the restriction imposed by the rate at which the nervour system can respond. It is shown that because of this restriction information must in general be lost unless peripheral frequency analysis occurs and unless the peripheral analyzer conforms to certain further conditions which are enumerated. One of these conditions is that the selectivity of the resonant elements shall be proportional to frequency. Experimental evidence is submitted that the selectivity of the resonant elements even in the upper half of the auditory spectrum of the human ear is in fact roughly proportional to frequency and is very much higher than has generally been supposed. Previous theories of hearing are considered, and it is shown that only the resonance hypothesis of Helmholtz interpreted in accordance with the considerations enumerated in the first part of this paper is consistent with observation. In particular the experimental data which have been supposed to be evidence of high damping of the cochlear resonators are re-examined. It is shown that they are either irrelevant or that, correctly interpreted, they are evidence for the contrary view. Finally, an attempt is made to summarize some important properties of the ear in a diagram which illustrates that the ear is a perfect analyzer up to a frequency of 1 kc. /sec. Above that frequency it is imperfect, not because of inadequate selectivity, but because perfection would require an impracticable number of resonant elements and nerve cells.
Improving Contractors' Bids Using Preference Reversal Phenomenon

Owners of projects have the opportunity to improve the bids obtained from bidders by using a well‐known psychological phenomenon called “preference reversal. ” This is a systematic tendency of people, to pay more than they should for less attractive choices in specific situations—a phenomenon that has been extensively documented by psychologists. In the present research this effect was demonstrated experimentally for the field of construction in several series of structured interviews with professionals in construction management and real estate development regarding realistic bidding situations. The strength of the effect was found to depend on two factors recently shown to have a strong influence on contractors' behavior: the risk of the project and the contractor's need‐for‐work. The pervasiveness of the preference reversal phenomenon in the construction industry has implications for owners of projects to help reduce their costs: owners should structure the design process as a construction management pr.
Partisan Strategy and the Adoption of Same-Day Registration in the American States

Abstract This study seeks to explain state adoptions of same-day registration (SDR), with a focus on determining whether the Democratic (Republican) Party’s support of (resistance to) this impactful voting reform is driven by strategic electoral considerations. I find that states have an increased probability of enacting the reform when legislative Democrats are in the precarious position that comes with having just experienced minority status in one or both chambers. Relatedly, I demonstrate that the presence of a Republican legislature does not make adoption less likely until the size of the Black population reaches a certain threshold. In fact, provided the Black population is small enough, Republican control of the legislature encourages reform. The results offer conflicting evidence, however, that large Latino populations deter the GOP from establishing SDR. Considered together, the results cast doubt on the claim that either party’s position is informed by principle alone.
Differential Regulation of Myocardial E3 Ligases and Deubiquitinases in Ischemic Heart Failure

The pathological changes of ubiquitination and deubiquitination following myocardial infarction (MI) and chronic heart failure (CHF) have been sparsely examined. We investigated the expression of muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases in MI and CHF. Therefore, mice were assigned to coronary artery ligation for 3 days or 10 weeks as well as for sham operation (each n = 10). Expression of E3 ligases (MAFBX, MURF1, CHIP, ITCH, MDM2) and deubiquitinases (A20, CYLD, UCH-L1, USP14, USP19) was determined. After MI and in CHF, the mRNA expression of MURF1, CHIP and MDM2 (all p < 0.05) was decreased. Protein expression analyses revealed that ITCH expression decreased in CHF (p = 0.01), whereas MDM2 expression increased in MI (p = 0.02) and decreased in CHF (p = 0.02). Except for USP19 mRNA expression that decreased at 3 days and 10 weeks (both p < 0.01), the expression of other deubiquitinases remained unaffected after MI and CHF. The expression of myocardial E3 ligases is differentially regulated following MI, raising the question of whether an upstream regulation exists that is activated by MI for tissue protection or whether the downregulation of E3 ligases enables myocardial hypertrophy following MI.
Least-energy optimization of forced convection plate-fin heat sinks

A coefficient of performance (COP/sub T/) analysis for plate fin heat sinks in forced convection is presented and shown to provide a viable technique for combining least-material optimization with the entropy minimization methodology. The COP/sub T/ metric relates the heat sink cooling capability to the invested fan pumping work and the thermodynamic work required to manufacture and assemble the heat sink. The proposed optimization methodology maximizes the forced convection cooling that can be achieved by a heat sink occupying a specified volume, with a fixed energy investment and entropy generation rate. In addition, the study identifies the presence of an optimal resource allocation ratio, providing the most favorable distribution of existing energy resources, between heat sink manufacturing and operation, over a fixed product life cycle.
Skins and Sleeves for Soft Robotics: Inspiration from Nature and Architecture

This paper is on the design, fabrication, and testing of skins and sleeves for soft robotics with the focus on the mechanical features of the microstructure of these skins, drawing inspiration from nature and architecture. Biological inspirations drawn from animals are used for designing skin membranes or skin structures for soft robotic actuators, in particular pneumatic actuators that protect, guide, and contribute to the development of the actuated shape. The results presented in this paper will be a new step toward advancing the state‐of‐the‐art of biologically inspired soft robots for minimally invasive surgery. Inspirations from architecture are of particular interest in the areas of formability of design and continuous flow. The report presents a trade‐off study using various skin and sleeve technologies of innovative fiber structures and combinations of different materials in different innovative designs, surrounding a pneumatically actuated, soft robot of variable stiffness.
An Analysis of the Hysteresis Motor II-The Circumferential-Flux Machine

Part I of this paper presented an analysis of an idealized polyphase hysteresis machine having a radial-flux type of rotor. In this Part II, a hysteresis machine with a circumferential-flux type of rotor is analyzed. Using a rectangular loop approximation to the B-H characteristic of the hysteresis material, the flux density distribution in the machine is found and an equivalent circuit is developed. An improved model of the B-H loop is then used, and two approximate analyses are developed for this improved representation of the machine.
Identification of wind energy systems

In the next decades wind energy is expected to secure a firm share of the total energy production capacity in many countries. To increase competitiveness of wind power with other power sources it is essential to lower the cost of wind energy. Given the design of a turbine, this objective can be attained in several ways, for instance by increasing the energy production of a wind turbine and by lowering loads on the wind turbine in order to reduce maintenance costs. Research performed in recent years has shown that feedback control plays an important role in these two aspects. Refined control design can increase power production, for instance by using feedforward information about the wind field. At the same time, control can reduce wear of the turbine by mitigating fatigue and extreme loads. For the design process of new and advanced control concepts which meet these objectives, detailed models are essential. System identification on the basis of experimental data can provide such models and help to understand differences between the behaviour of theoretical models and the real wind turbine. In this thesis we address specific challenges related to the application of system identification techniques to wind turbines and similar systems. The result is a set of methods which can be applied to wind turbines in practical situations.
Overview of Base Station Requirements for RF and Microwave Filters

As is commonly acknowledged, the frequency spectrum is the most valuable resource in wireless communication, and filter is the key component for its efficient utilization. Filter solutions vary greatly in different base transceiver station (BTS) system. To be more specific, metal cavity filters are dominant in 4G macro BTSs, while dielectric filters and miniaturized metal cavity filters are widely used in 5G base stations. Indoor small base station mainly uses acoustic filters or dielectric mono-block filters, and point-to-point microwave backhaul system mainly uses waveguide filters. The evolutionary trend of filter technology is different for the different BTSs which are introduced in this paper. The special process in filter manufacture, namely, tuning is also discussed.
New compact printed leaky‐wave antenna with beam steering

A new printed compact structure constructed of six E‐shaped arms arranged in three columns and two rows is proposed and demonstrated as a novel leaky‐wave antenna beam steering from −30° to +15° with respect to broadside direction. This antenna covers the measured frequency bandwidth from 0.93 GHz to 3.65 GHz (approximately 119%, S11 less than10 dB) and the scanned angle moves from backward to forward radiation as the frequency increases. The antenna with overall size of 19.2 mm by 15.2 mm by 1.6 mm (0.059 lambda by 0.047 lambda by 0.004 lambda, where lambda is free space wavelength at 930 MHz), is fabricated on Rogers_RT_Duroid5880 substrate (dielectric constant of 2.2, loss tangent of 0.0009, height of 1.6 mm). The maximum measured gain and efficiency are observed at broadside direction with 8 dBi gain and 90% radiation efficiency. This low‐profile antenna can be flush‐mounted on various structures including vehicles, cellular base stations, or mobile devices. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:215–217, 2016
Harshness and unpredictability: Childhood environmental links with immune and asthma outcomes

Abstract The environment has pervasive impacts on human development, and two key environmental conditions – harshness and unpredictability – are proposed to be instrumental in tuning development. This study examined (1) how harsh and unpredictable environments related to immune and clinical outcomes in the context of childhood asthma, and (2) whether there were independent associations of harshness and unpredictability with these outcomes. Participants were 290 youth physician-diagnosed with asthma. Harshness was assessed with youth-reported exposure to violence and neighborhood-level murder rate. Unpredictability was assessed with parent reports of family structural changes. Youth also completed measures of asthma control as well as asthma quality of life and provided blood samples to assess immune profiles, including in vitro cytokine responses to challenge and sensitivity to inhibitory signals from glucocorticoids. Results indicated that harshness was associated with more pronounced pro-inflammatory cytokine production following challenge and less sensitivity to the inhibitory properties of glucocorticoids. Furthermore, youth exposed to harsher environments reported less asthma control and poorer quality of life. All associations with harshness persisted when controlling for unpredictability. No associations between unpredictability and outcomes were found. These findings suggest that relative to unpredictability, harshness may be a more consistent correlate of asthma-relevant immune and clinical outcomes.
Prediction of Individual Travel Mode with Evidential Neural Network Model

An evidential neural network (ENN) for predicting individual travel mode is presented. This model can be used to support management decision making and to build predictions under uncertainty related to changes in people's behavior, the economic context, or the environment and policy. The presented model uses individuals’ characteristics, transportation mode specifications, and data related to places of work and residence. The data set analyzed was taken from a survey conducted in 2007 and contains information on the daily mobility (e.g., from home to work) of individuals who either lived or worked in Luxembourg. Individual characteristics were extracted to relate daily mobility (journeys between home and work, in particular) to the characteristics of working individuals. Information about public transportation specification and some geographical particularities of residential areas and workplaces were used. Rates of successful prediction obtained by the ENN and several alternative approaches were compared by cross-validation. The results showed that the ENN was superior to the studied alternatives.
Una aproximación teórica sobre la gestión del conocimiento

En este presente artículo se tiene como objetivo desarrollar los aspectos teóricos de la gestión de conocimiento mediante sus orígenes y dimensiones. En este método se utilizó el Mendeley como aun acercamiento para las citaciones y las referencias. Los inicios de la gestión de conocimiento surgieron en los años 70 muestra a lo largo de la historia la concientización sobre conocimiento como un medio de información, en los años 80 las organizaciones pusieron programas productivos basadas en iniciativa de mejora de calidad, en los años 90 se identifica la gestión del conocimiento con las destrezas de las personas para conocer y emplear y manejar la información utilizando la tecnología y el intercambio de conocimiento y en la actualidad se implementa la gestión del conocimiento (GC) ya que se origina un impacto positivo en las organizaciones al enlazar conocimiento y estrategia. Las dimensiones de la GC son desarrollo de programas de gestión del conocimiento da referencia a las habilidades de la organización para fomentar programas de gestión del conocimiento, uso de transferencia de conocimiento da informe a la eficacia y eficiencia de las habilidades de GC permite diseñar mejores estrategias, conocimiento interno se da mediante la iniciativa y motivación que patenta el propio trabajador, así como también hace referencia a las técnicas de la empresa para el progreso de nuevos conocimientos, conocimiento externo son habilidades para desarrollar conocimiento dentro de la empresa internamente y específico también permite la innovación. La relevancia de este estudio radica a partir de teórico y conceptualizaciones que permita realizar otros elementos teóricos más excautivos.
Simulation strategies to identify the failure parameters of repairable systems under the influence of general repair

With repairable systems, it is suspected than many of the post-failure repairs have the effect of partially resetting the failure rate of the system. Consequently, identifying the correct failure model and its associated parameters is confounded by the impact of these repair effects. The purpose of this paper is to compare the use of several simulation strategies involving mimicking experiments, to assist in this identification process. Data collected from a hydrelectric turbine unit is used to illustrate the approach.
In-Line Non-Contact Measurement of Process Induced In-Die Parametric Variability

We describe a non-contact method of monitoring across-wafer and in-die product performance. Non-contact performance data collected from active test structures placed throughout a product die of a 65-nm volume manufacturing run with controlled lithography experiments is compared using standard physical CD measurements. Two non-standard wafers – an etch-trim wafer and a dose-exposure wafer – provide controlled processing variations to monitor resulting performance variation. We demonstrate that gate-CD measurements cannot account for the observed performance variability.
The impacts of sharing production information on supply chain dynamics: A review of the literature

This paper is a review of research into the impacts of sharing production information on the supply chain dynamics. The purpose of the review is to understand the needs to unravel such impacts on the supply chain design and management, to identify the current research frontier and to study the future trend in this field. The scope of the review is somewhat broad in the sense that more than 100 relevant publications resulting from major research projects and originating from some leading research groups are selected for review. In order to maintain the necessary coherence and consistency, this comprehensive review proposes a loose reference framework to reflect major elements commonly involved in this type of research, including the decision level investigated, supply chain structure, research questions addressed, factors involved, supply chain dynamics measured, modelling methodology adopted, data analysis technique used, and findings and insights from the managerial perspective obtained. The framework serves as a skeleton for categorizing literature and research areas into these key elements. It is hoped that this review is valuable and beneficial both to new researchers entering the field, in order to gain their interest, references and focus, and to experienced researchers, in order, perhaps, to identify new research opportunities and/or issues that intersect these researchers' past and current interests.
Application of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor, evolocumab, in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia

To the Editor: The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)-inhibitor, evolocumab, can bind with PCSK9 in plasma and reduce the degradation of the PCSK9-low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor complex, thereby reducing LDL levels. [1] In clinical practice, PCSK9 inhibitors can reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) signi ﬁ cantly and reduce triglycerides (TG) by about 8% to 17%. [2] We used PCSK9 inhibitors to lower blood lipids in three patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) to analyze the genes that may contribute to hyperlipidemia in detail. We have obtained patients ’ consent forms. We found that PCSK9 inhibitors signi ﬁ cantly reduced blood lipid levels, regardless of the presence of HTG mutations. These results provide new evidence for the use of PCSK9 inhibitors in the treatment of patients with severe HTG.
NLRP4 negatively regulates type I interferon response and influences the outcome in anti‐programmed cell death protein (PD)‐1/PD‐ligand 1 therapy

The challenge to improve the clinical efficacy and enlarge the population that benefits from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is significant. Based on whole‐exosome sequencing analysis of biopsies from NSCLC patients before anti‐programmed cell death protein‐2 (PD‐1) treatment, we identified NLRP4 mutations in the responders with a longer progression‐free survival (PFS). Knockdown of NLRP4 in mouse Lewis lung cancer cell line enhanced interferon (IFN)‐α/β production through the cGAS‐STING‐IRF3/IRF7 axis and promoted the accumulation of intratumoral CD8+ T cells, leading to tumor growth retardation in vivo and a synergistic effect with anti‐PD‐ligand 1 therapy. This was consistent with clinical observations that more tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T cells and elevated peripheral IFN‐α before receiving nivolumab treatment were associated with a longer PFS in NSCLC patients. Our study highlights the roles of tumor‐intrinsic NLRP4 in remodeling the immune contextures in the tumor microenvironment, making regional type I IFN beneficial for ICI treatment.
Frequency support from doubly fed induction generator wind turbines

An assessment on the capability of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine for frequency regulation is presented. Detailed aerodynamic, structural and electrical dynamic models were used in this study. A control loop acting on the frequency deviation was added to the inertia contributing loop in order to enhance the inertia support from the DFIG wind turbine. The possibility of de-loading a wind turbine to provide primary and secondary frequency response was discussed. A frequency droop controller was examined where the droop is operating on the electronic torque set point below its maximum speed and is operating on the pitch demand at maximum speed. It is also shown that by reducing the generator torque set point the DFIG wind turbine can provide high frequency response.
Affective Characterization of Touch and Look-and-Feel from Multivariate Analysis of Questionnaire Responses

Customer's satisfaction is a critical factor to a product's success and identifying key affective response factors, which customers mainly perceive, is critical to satisfy customers. This study aims to identify the key affective response factor for the evaluation of passenger car interior material using affective design methods. Related variables of satisfaction consisting of 10 affective response variables associated with look-and-feel and touch feel of a surface material were systematically identified through literature survey, customer reviews, and expert opinions. 30 users and 30 designers evaluated 41 different crash pad samples using a questionnaire survey with 7-point semantic differential scale and 100-point magnitude estimation scale. Based on the survey results, ‘softness’ was identified as the key affective response factor of satisfaction for car crash pad. Also, the relationship between softness and its related engineering variables was identified and modeled. It is expected that the results could suggest the suitable combinations of material properties for the maximum appeal and satisfaction of the user.
Measurement of underwater noise arising from marine aggregate dredging operations

This is the final report for project MALSF MEPF 09/P108, funded by the Aggregate Levy Sustainability Fund, the aim of which is to provide data for the typical underwater radiated noise levels from marine aggregate dredgers in the UK fleet during normal operations. The work is aligned with the stated aims of the ALSFMEPF to reduce the environmental footprint of marine extraction of aggregates, and follows directly from the key knowledge gap identified in the initial scoping study conducted in MEPF Project 08/P21 [Thomsen et al, 2009]. The key finding of the study is the noise output of dredging vessels is similar to a ‘noisy merchant vessel’ and is substantially quieter in terms of acoustic energy output than some other anthropogenic noise sources such as seismic airguns and marine pile driving. This project has been an extensive study of the noise generated by the UK’s fleet of trailing suction hopper dredgers during marine aggregate extraction. The objectives of the work were (i) to develop a suitable methodology for measuring underwater noise radiated by dredgers, (ii) undertake measurements on UK dredgers at up to four sites and report, whilst disseminating the results to the wider stakeholder community. In the report, data is presented for 6 vessels, measured across 3 different areas around the UK’s coast.