Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First year student teachers dealing with non-routine questions in the context of the entrance examination to a degree in Primary Education

We understand Fundamental Mathematical Knowledge (FMK) as the initial mathematical background we expect students to have at the start of their education to become Primary School teachers. In this paper, we focus on the answers given by 241 first-year student teachers to two non-routine questions that were part of an entrance examination. Non-routine questions are those for which students do not have a straightforward algorithm available to reach the answer and/or the result obtained by using it needs to be interpreted within the problem’s context. The results show that non-routine questions are a powerful tool to assess the solidity and stability of their initial mathematical knowledge but also a powerful tool to find out whether the students have appropriated the essential ways of thinking and working in mathematics. Our findings also suggest that the mathematical knowledge of first-year student teachers is far from the desired FMK.
Imbuing Hand-made Objects with Digital Narratives.

The incorporation of digital technologies within hand made objects is perceived as an incongruous juxtaposition between new technologies and traditional craft skills. This research examines how sensitive layering of digital narratives can enhance the hand made, engaging viewers and enabling artifacts to create their own narrative whilst triggering memories and emotions from within the viewer. There is an inherent message or story in handmade objects, through the interaction of the maker as well as the importance attached by the owner. The development of the ‘internet of things’ has permitted digital communication between objects. Through the integration of digital sensors, hand made objects can become more than a repository for static memories, instead tracking and responding to the engagement of the owner thus imbuing an object with the power to ‘record’ its life, enabling it to tell a new story of its being.
in rheumatoid arthritis by immune complexes stimulated monocytes Soluble TNF-like cytokine (TL1A) production

TGF- (cid:1) induces Foxp3 expression in stimulated T cells. These Foxp3 (cid:2) cells (induced regulatory T cells (iTreg)) share functional and therapeutic properties with thymic-derived Foxp3 (cid:2) regulatory T cells (natural regulatory T cells (nTreg)). We performed a single-cell analysis to better characterize the regulation of Foxp3 in iTreg in vitro and assess their dynamics after transfer in vivo. TGF- (cid:1) up-regulated Foxp3 in CD4 (cid:2) Foxp3 (cid:3) T cells only when added within a 2- to 3-day window of CD3/CD28 stimulation. Up to 90% conversion occurred, beginning after 1–2 days of treatment. Foxp3 expression strictly required TCR stimulation but not costimulation and was independent of cell cycling. Removal of TGF- (cid:1) led to a loss of Foxp3 expression after an (cid:2) 4-day lag. Most iTreg transferred into wild-type mice down-regulated Foxp3 within 2 days, and these Foxp3 (cid:3) cells were concentrated in the blood, spleen, lung, and liver. Few of the Foxp3 (cid:3) cells were detected by 28 days after transfer. However, some Foxp3 (cid:2) cells persisted even to this late time point, and these preferentially localized to the lymph nodes and bone marrow. CXCR4 was preferentially expressed on Foxp3 (cid:2) iTreg within the bone marrow, and CD62L was preferentially expressed on those in the lymph nodes. Like transferred nTreg and in contrast with revertant Foxp3 (cid:3) cells, Foxp3 (cid:2) iTreg retained CD25 and glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related gene. Thus, Foxp3 expression in naı¨ve-stimulated T cells is transient in vitro, dependent on TGF- (cid:1) activity within
Ways Asking, Ways of Telling: A Methodological Comparison of Ethnographic and Research

: The interpretive understanding that can be derived from interviews is highly influenced by methods of data collection, be they structured or semistructured, ethnographic, clinical, life-history or survey interviews. This article responds to calls for research into the interview process by analyzing data produced by two distinctly different types of interview, a semistructured ethnographic interview and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM, conducted with participants in the Navajo Healing Project. We examine how the two interview genres shape the context of researcher-respondent interaction and, in turn, influence how patients articulate their lives and their experience in terms of illness, causality, social environment, temporality and self/identity. We discuss the manner in which the two interviews impose narrative constraints on interviewers and respondents, with significant implications for understanding the jointly constructed nature of the interview process. The argument demonstrates both divergence and complementarity in the construction of knowledge by means of these interviewing methods. Abstract The interpretive understanding that can be derived from interviews is highly inﬂuenced by methods of data collection, be they structured or semistructured, ethnographic, clinical, life-history or survey interviews. This article responds to calls for research into the interview process by analyzing data produced by two distinctly different types of interview, a semistructured ethnographic interview and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM, conducted with participants in the Navajo Healing Project. We examine how the two interview genres shape the context of researcher-respondent interaction and, in turn, inﬂuence how patients articulate their lives and their experience in terms of illness, causality, social environment, temporality and self/identity. We discuss the manner in which the two interviews impose narrative constraints on interviewers and respondents, with signiﬁcant implications for understanding the jointly constructed nature of the interview process. The argument demonstrates both divergence and complementarity in the construction of knowledge by means of these interviewing methods.
A Comparative Study of Some Properties of Chromatin from Two "Minimal Deviation" Hepa tomas1

SUMMARY Chromatin has been isolated from slow-growing Morris hepatoma 96ISA, which has a normal chromosome number and normal karyotype. Some of the compositional and functional properties of this chromatin have been examined and compared with those of the chromatin from normal liver and from fast-growing Morris hepatoma 5123C. The chromatin of both hepatomas was found to have a slightly greater content of nonhistone protein and RNA, an increased rate of incorporation of amino acid into histones, and a reduced turnover of nonhistone protein, compared to the chromatin from normal liver. The chromatin from hepatoma 9618A had the same in vitro template activity for RNA synthesis as did chromatin from liver, and the electrophoretic pattern of the nonhistone proteins was qualitatively identical to the pattern obtained with liver nonhistone proteins. The chromatin from hepatoma 5123C, on the other hand, exhibited a marked increase in template activity, compared to that from normal liver, and there were several alterations in the electrophoretic pattern of the nonhistone proteins. The data suggest that some of the differences between the chromatin of rapidly growing hepatomas and that of normal liver are a feature of malignant progression rather than the process of neoplastic transforma tion.
Project in Control: An Innovative Approach

-Nowadays, companies are still struggling to execute and deliver IT-projects successfully. Several reasons can be mentioned. The main question, however, is how the business can gain confidence in the new or adapted IT-system? This article describes an approach where, from a business point of view, the IT-system is monitored to assure that the business can use the IT-system in its daily operations. The approach is developed in practice, during several projects over the last 5 years. The experiences are collected and structured in such a way, that projects and companies can apply the method into their own organization. All the companies who applied the approach were successfully Ready for Shipment.
Biofilms: Formation, Properties, Impact on Industries, Strategies for Control

Microbes being one of the oldest inhabitants on the earth, have successfully survived the harsh environments by a number of survival strategies. One such strategy is the formation of a multicellular structure formed by the adherence of the microorganisms to a surface, known as biofilm. This structure is formed by first reversible and then irreversible linkages with the solid support. These are the porous structures with micro colonies, enclosed by exopolysaccharides and are connected by interstitial voids called water channels to promote the influx of nutrients, oxygen and other vital molecules and the efflux of metabolic wastes. Biofouling – formation of biofilms in an industrial setting has been a major problem in the wide range of industries with deleterious effects. The challenges brought about by biofilms in various sectors of the food industry, paper manufacturing and marine industries as well as other technological problems are discussed. Over the years several strategies are used targeting various stages and site of biofilm formation have been formulated to rid industries of biofilms once and for all. Though there exists no ‘perfect solution’ for complete biofilm eradication to date, some of the more recent and potential strategies will be discussed
ANTAGONISTIC ACTINOMYCETES FROM SOILS OF EAST GODAVARI DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA

Actinomycetes are group of bacteria, which are present widely in ecological diversity. Actinomycetes are the major microbial population in soil which can produce active secondary metabolites. The aim of the present study is to isolate varieties of actinomycetes from different soil samples collected from different places in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh. All soil samples were appeared brown and black in colour and showed pH range between 7.0 to 7.6. A total of 16 actinomycete isolates were obtained from 4 different soil samples based on their colony morphology, mycelium colouration and diffusion of pigmentation. In the preliminary activity studies, four isolates exhibited good antibacterial activity by cross –streak method and 4 isolates exhibited good to excellent amylase and protease activities. It was concluded that isolate KAS1 had potential as source of new antibacterial compounds against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaries and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Isolate KS4 showed maximum amylase and protease activity.
Understanding the Nature of Multi-Paradigm Modeling for Cyberphysical Systems

: Cyperphyical systems (CPS) encompass embedded computation with network monitoring that is controlled by physical processes. CPS integrates computational and physical capabilities that allow for interaction with humans through diverse means. Such novel interaction ways expand the capabilities of humans in correlation with the physical world through computation, communication, and control as a key attraction feature of CPS. The thereby created feedback loops from computations affect physical processes and vice versa. The uptake of CPS by industry increases in diverse domains such as avionics, logistics, production smart cities, and so on. To be holistic in CPS design, a profound understanding of the respective elements, their features and their relationships are important. Important for CPS design is the modeling of these elements and their relationships in diverse CPS paradigms. The challenge is to find the most appropriate ways of chaining modeling techniques of diverse paradigms so that a holistic design process is complete, flexible and coherent. This paper fills the gap in an empirical study that investigates the current CPS design practice in industry. The results of the study (we will run the survey in early 2017) indicate what the current best practices are for different domains. Additionally, the results also show existing gaps in multi-paradigm modeling for CPS, which indicates feasible new research directions for tool-chain development.
Lymphocytes with a Th2 Cytokine Profile + the In Vivo or In Vitro Development of CD4 Receptor/Stat6 Signaling Is Not Required for Single Cell Analysis Reveals That IL-4

The concept that IL-4 is the primary signal for Th2 lymphocyte differentiation has recently been put in doubt by studies in which the production of Th2-associated cytokines was detected in mice deﬁcient in IL-4 synthesis or IL-4R triggering. In this study, we formally demonstrate by single cell analysis that CD4 1 lymphocytes with a classical Th2 phenotype (IL-4 1 , IL-5 1 , IFN- g 2 , IL-2 2 ) develop in signiﬁcant numbers in helminth-infected mice deﬁcient in either IL-4R a -chain or Stat6. While an expanded population of Th1 (IL-4 2 , IL-5 2 , IFN- g 1 , IL-2 1 ) lymphocytes was observed in the same animals, surprisingly, cells with a mixed Th0 cytokine pattern were rare. The cytokine production phenotypes of the Th1 and Th2 subpopulations generated in infected Stat6-deﬁcient mice were unaffected by in vitro neutralization of endogenous IL-4 or IFN- g . Nevertheless, while addition of exogenous rIL-12 resulted in transitory IFN- g production by Th2 lymphocytes from both wild-type and Stat6-deﬁcient mice, IL-4 synthesis was preserved in the former, but temporarily ablated in the latter cells. Importantly, IL-4 1 IFN- g 2 and IL-4 2 IFN- g 1 populations similar to those arising in helminth-infected Stat6-deﬁcient mice could also be generated in vitro by repetitive polyclonal stimulation of CD4 1 CD62L high lymphocytes from uninfected mice of the same strain. Together, the results of these single cell analysis experiments demonstrate that IL-4R/Stat6
The effects of different hydrostaticpressures on gene expression in vertebral cartilage endplate cells CURRENT STATUS:

Background : The nutrients of the intervertebral disc are mainly provided through penetration from the cartilage endplate, and the stable functional status of the cartilage cells directly influences the function of the cartilage endplate. However, there is no study on gene expression in endplate cells under varying pressure conditions. Knowledge of anabolic/catabolic metabolic alterations of cartilage endplate cells in response to various magnitudes and durations of compression is important to alleviate IVD degeneration through maintenance of extracellular matrix homeostasis and the repair of endplate cartilage. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of compression on gene expression in vertebral cartilage endplate cells in vitro through a hydrostatic pressure system. Methods : Rabbit vertebral cartilage endplate cells were exposed to hydrostatic pressure at 0.1, 0.7, 2 and 4 MPa for 4 or 24 hours. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the gene expression of inflammation (iNOS, COX-2), matrix metabolism (MMP-3), anticatabolic metabolism (TIMP-1), and anabolic metabolism (aggrecan). Results : Decreased magnitude and duration showed more anticatabolic/anabolic metabolism gene expression, whereas increased duration resulted in increased catabolic gene expression. Conclusions : Low magnitude or short duration of compression demonstrated more anabolic and anticatabolic gene expression, while increased magnitude and duration showed more procatabolic gene expression.
The Impact Of The Currency Auction On The Direct Cash Credit Granted By Banks (An Applied Study Of A Sample Of Commercial Banks In Iraq For The Period 2014-2019)

The main purpose of the study is to shed light on an important financial policy adopted by the Central Bank of Iraq some years ago, which is the policy of selling foreign currency (the dollar) or as it is called (currency auction) and indicating the size of its impact on the dependent variable, which is the direct cash credit granted by banks, the study sample, The study was conducted for a sample consisting of (16) banks dealing in currency auctions for the period (2014-2019), as the study relied on the annual data of the banks, the study sample, and the annual purchases of dollars were collected for the purposes of transfers, credits and cash for banks, the sample of the study. In its practical aspect, the study included conducting a financial and statistical analysis of the financial data, specifically for the period from 1/1/2014 until December 31, 2019, and some descriptive and inferential statistics were used through the SPSS program to reach the scientific results that were relied upon to reach its basic problem. The study reached a set of conclusions, perhaps the most important of which is through what the results of the comparison between the currency purchased to enhance the assets abroad and the currency purchased for the purpose of selling cash and noticing the discrepancy between them, we conclude that there is a big gap between strengthening the stocks and selling in cash, which results in a great value for money wasted through auctions currency in favor of commercial banks. The study presented a set of recommendations, perhaps the most prominent of which is a review by the Central Bank of Iraq in the mechanism and controls of selling foreign currency (the dollar) in the currency auction to alleviate the severity of depletion of these currencies from the country, especially since the central bank is forced to cover the demand for dollars from the cash reserve in case The oil revenue deficit is to cover the growing demand for the dollar.
Verbal adynamia in parkinsonian syndromes: behavioral correlates and neuroanatomical substrate

Verbal adynamia (impaired language generation, as during conversation) has not been assessed systematically in parkinsonian disorders. We addressed this in patients with Parkinson ’ s dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. All disease groups showed impaired verbal fluency and sentence generation versus healthy age-matched controls, after adjusting for general linguistic and executive factors. Dopaminergic stimulation in the Parkinson ’ s group selectively improved verbal generation versus other cognitive functions. Voxel-based morphometry identified left inferior frontal and posterior superior temporal cortical correlates of verbal generation performance. Verbal adynamia warrants further evaluation as an index of language network dysfunction and dopaminergic state in parkinsonian disorders.
Proteins in Developing B Lineage Cells Modulation of IL-7 Thresholds by SOCS

During B lymphopoiesis, IL-7 induces survival, proliferation, and differentiation signals that are important during the pro-B to preB cell transition. We showed that murine small pre-B stage cells do not signal or proliferate in response to IL-7, yet they maintain IL-7R surface expression. Loss of proliferative responsiveness to IL-7 is mediated by suppressor of cytokine signaling protein 1 (SOCS-1), the expression of which is regulated during B lymphopoiesis, with the highest levels observed in small pre-B cells. SOCS-1 inhibits IL-7 responses in pre-B cell lines and ex vivo B lineage cells. SOCS-1 expression and, thus, responsiveness to IL-7, can be regulated by IL-7 itself, as well as IFN- g and IL-21. Additionally, the transcriptional repressor Gﬁ-1b enhances the proliferative responsiveness of B cell lines to IL-7. We demonstrated that these molecules act together to form a SOCS-mediated “rheostat” that controls the level of IL-7R signaling in developing murine B lineage cells. The Journal of Immunology , 2011, 187: 3499–3510. is a regulated process during which B cell progenitors undergo rearrangement of their Ig loci, leading to the eventual expression of a functional BCR and other critical proteins that mediate a response to Ag. During development, committed B cell progenitors (pro-B cells) proliferate in response to IL-7 and begin recombination of their m H chain proteins ( m HCs). m HCs associate with surrogate L chain (LC) proteins V preB and l 5 to form the pre-BCR, which is expressed on the surface of newly formed pre-B cells. Successful expression and signaling of the pre-BCR activates survival, proliferation, and differentiation
Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rabbits Cardioprotective Effects in Novel Small Molecule Inhibitor of C1s Exerts

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury can be related to complement activation with generation of chemotactic agents, adhesion molecule expression, release of cytokines and oxygen-derived free radicals, and subsequent neutrophil accumulation. In the present study the cardioprotective effects of a novel highly selective small molecule C1s inhibitor (C1s-INH-248, Knoll) were examined in a rabbit model of myocardial ischemia (I) and reperfusion (R; i.e., 60 min I (cid:1) 180 min R). In in vitro tests (enzyme activity and SRBC lysis) C1s-INH-248 demonstrated profound inhibitory potency. In vivo C1s-INH-248 (1 mg/kg body weight) administered 5 min before reperfusion signiﬁcantly attenuated myocardial injury (31.9 (cid:2) 2.5 vs 8.9 (cid:2) 1.6% necrosis/area at risk; p < 0.01). The cardioprotective effect was dose dependent. The reduction of myocardial injury was also observed as diminished plasma creatine kinase activity in C1s-INH-248-treated animals (70.7 (cid:2) 6.8 vs 45.1 (cid:2) 3.9 U/g protein afte r 3 h ofreperfusion, p < 0.05). Further, cardiac myeloperoxidase activity (i.e., a marker of PMN accumulation) in the ischemic and necrotic area was signiﬁcantly reduced following C1s-INH-248 treatment (1.31 (cid:2) 0.23 vs 0.4 (cid:2) 0.05 U/100 mg tissue in necrotic area, p < 0.01). Thus, blocking the classical complement pathway with a highly speciﬁc and potent synthetic inhibitor of the activated C1 complex appears to be an effective mean to preserve ischemic
BRIEF REVIEW Quantification of Coronary Artery Stenosis in Vivo

VISUAL interpretations of coronary arteriograms are marked by such great interobserver and intra-observer variability (Bjork et al., 1975; Detre et al., 1975; Zir et al., 1976; DeRouen et al., 1977; Meyers et al., 1978) that comparison of arteriograms from different subjects, or at different times in the same subject, are of limited value for assessing severity, changes in severity, or functional significance of coronary artery stenoses. The universal use of relative percent diameter narrowing as a clinical measure of severity ignores other geometric characteristics of stenoses such as length, absolute diameter, multiple lesions in series, or eccentric narrowings which may be worse in one view, compared with another view.
Cell Development Critical Roles of RasGRP1 for Invariant

The invariant NKT (iNKT) cell lineage contains CD4 + and CD4 2 subsets. The mechanisms that control such subset differentiation and iNKT cell maturation in general have not been fully understood. RasGRP1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for TCR-induced activation of the Ras–ERK1/2 pathway, is critical for conventional ab T cell development but dispensable for generating regulatory T cells. Its role in iNKT cells has been unknown. In this study, we report severe decreases of iNKT cells in RasGRP1 2 / 2 mice through cell intrinsic mechanisms. In the remaining iNKT cells in RasGRP1 2 / 2 mice, there is a selective absence of the CD4 + subset. Furthermore, RasGRP1 2 / 2 iNKT cells are defective in TCR-induced proliferation in vitro. These observations establish that RasGRP1 is not only important for early iNKT cell development but also for the generation/maintenance of the CD4 + iNKT cells. Our data provide genetic evidence that the CD4 + and CD4 2 iNKT cells are distinct sublineages with differential signaling requirements for their development. The Journal of Immunology , 2011, 187: 4467–4473.