Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Local lunar gravity field analysis over the South Pole-Aitken basin from SELENE farside tracking data

[1] We present a method with which we determined the local lunar gravity field model over the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin on the farside of the Moon by estimating adjustments to a global lunar gravity field model using SELENE tracking data. Our adjustments are expressed in localized functions concentrated over the SPA region in a spherical cap with a radius of 45° centered at (191.1°E, 53.2°S), and the resolution is equivalent to a 150th degree and order spherical harmonics expansion. The new solution over SPA was used in several applications of geophysical analysis. It shows an increased correlation with high-resolution lunar topography in the frequency band l = 40–70, and admittance values are slightly different and more leveled when compared to other, global gravity field models using the same data. The adjustments expressed in free-air anomalies and differences in Bouguer anomalies between the local solution and the a priori global solution correlate with topographic surface features. The Moho structure beneath the SPA basin is slightly modified in our solution, most notably at the southern rim of the Apollo basin and around the Zeeman crater.
Intellectual Disability and the Death Penalty

Providing key information for students or professionals in the fields of criminology, education, psychology, law, and law enforcement, this book documents the legal and clinical aspects of the issues related to intellectual disability and the death penalty. Written by two nationally recognized experts, this book provides a comprehensive review of the legal and clinical aspects of the death penalty as it relates to intellectual disability. First, the facts: people with intellectual disability may falsely confess to a crime because they want to please the authorities, and they are often less able than others to work with lawyers to prepare a defense. In addition, because of the stigma attached to intellectual disability, affected individuals often become adept at hiding it, even from their attorney, not understanding the condition's importance to the outcome of their case. Having explained such harsh realities and presented a comprehensive review of what intellectual disability is, the book focuses on the 2002 U.S. Supreme Court Atkins v. Virginia decision granting a death penalty exemption to individuals with intellectual disability. It outlines best practice regarding the determination of intellectual disability and discusses qualifications needed for experts in such cases. Related issues such as common misconceptions regarding people with intellectual disability, race, socioeconomic status, and the status of foreign nationals as it relates to the death penalty and intellectual disability are discussed as well. A must-have resource for prosecutors, defense lawyers, and clinicians providing expert testimony in death penalty cases, this book will also prove absorbing reading for anyone concerned about this troubling issue.
Venus’ night side ionosphere: Its origin and maintenance

A substantial night side ionosphere has been observed on Venus by both Mariner 5 and Mariner 10. Major day side ionic species such as O2+ and other molecular ions have chemical lifetimes much shorter than the 244.3-day rotation period of the planet. Rapid transport of ions from the day side to the night side to the extent required seems most unlikely. Consequently, we have investigated possibilities for local production of ions on the night side itself. Constraints imposed by chemical lifetimes require atomic ions with low ionization potentials. We suggest that metallic ions of meteoric origin are the positive charge carriers and demonstrate the plausibility of this mechanism. Other possibilities are examined and shown to be less likely. Meteor ablation on Venus, the aeronomy of metallic species, and the role of negative ions near the electron peaks of the atmosphere are discussed.
Intermittent Hypoxia Promotes TAM-Induced Glycolysis in Laryngeal Cancer Cells via Regulation of HK1 Expression through Activation of ZBTB10

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH), may increase the risk of cancer development and a poor cancer prognosis. TAMs of the M2 phenotype, together with the intermittent hypoxic environment within the tumor, drive tumor aggressiveness. However, the mechanism of TAMs in IH remains unclear. In our study, IH induced the recruitment of macrophages, and IH-induced M2-like TAMs promoted glycolysis in laryngeal cancer cells through hexokinase 1. The hexokinase inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose and HK1 shRNA were applied to verify this finding, confirming that M2-like TAMs enhanced glycolysis in laryngeal cancer cells through HK1 under intermittent hypoxic conditions. Comprehensive RNA-seq analysis disclosed a marked elevation in the expression levels of the transcription factor ZBTB10, while evaluation of a laryngeal cancer patient tissue microarray demonstrated a positive correlation between ZBTB10 and HK1 expression in laryngeal carcinoma. Knockdown of ZBTB10 decreased HK1 expression, and overexpression of ZBTB10 increased HK1 expression in both laryngeal cancer cells and 293T cells. The luciferase reporter assay and Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed that ZBTB10 directly bound to the promoter region of HK1 and regulated the transcriptional activity of HK1. Finally, the CLEC3B level of the M2 supernatant is significantly higher in the IH group and showed a protumor effect on Hep2 cells. As ZBTB10-mediated regulation of HK1 affects glycolysis in laryngeal cancer, our findings may provide new potential therapeutic targets for laryngeal cancer.
Foreign Born Scientists: Mobility Patterns for Sixteen Countries

We report results from the first systematic study of the mobility of scientists engaged in research in a large number of countries. Data were collected from 17,182 respondents using a web-based survey of corresponding authors in 16 countries in four fields during 2011. We find considerable variation across countries, both in terms of immigration and emigration patterns. Switzerland has the largest percent of immigrant scientists working in country (56.7); Canada, and Australia trail by nine or more percent; the U.S. and Sweden by approximately eighteen percent. India has the lowest (0.8), followed closely by Italy and Japan. The most likely reason to come to a country for postdoctoral study or work is professional. Our survey methodology also allows us to study emigration patterns of individuals who were living in one of the 16 countries at age 18. Again, considerable variation exists by country. India heads the list with three in eight of those living in country when they were 18 out of country in 2011. The country with the lowest diaspora is Japan. Return rates also vary by country, with emigrants from Spain being most likely to return and those from India being least like to return. Regardless of country, the most likely reason respondents report for returning to one's home country is family or personal.
Third-Order Sequences in a Upper Jurassic Rift-Related Second Order Sequence, Central Lusitanian Basin, Portugal

A BSTRACT: A Middle Oxfordian to Tithonian transgressive/regressive 2nd-order sequence is recognized over most of the Lusitanian Basin of Portugal. This paper describes the nature of this sequence and its constituent 3rd-order sequences in the Arruda subbasin situated 30 km north of Lisbon. Lack of good outcrops precludes the identiﬁcation of 3rd-order sequences in the transgressive part of the 2nd-order sequence, but they are easily identiﬁed in the regressive part in four different tectonic settings. The transgressive part of the 2nd-order sequence is related to rift movements that created the subbasin. During rift initiation, carbonate depositional systems dominated. These were drowned during the rift climax phase when footwall uplift caused local erosion and karstiﬁcation, and the inﬂux of coarse siliciclastic sediments near active faults. 2nd-order maximum ﬂooding occurred during the Late Oxfordian bimammatum zone at which time the subbasin was relatively starved of sediment and was a deep depression. Third-order sequences deposited during the immediate postrift phase (i.e., at the beginning of the 2nd-order regression) are aggradational lowstand arkosic submarine fan deposits. As accommodation was reduced by sedimentation, localized transgressive to highstand reefal carbonates formed on the shallow proximal part of the fan. The late postrift phase was heralded by progradational sequences consisting of lowstand ﬁne- grained slope deposits capped by transgressive/highstand coral boundstones and oolites. These ﬁlled the basin virtually to sea level, so that succeeding 3rd-order sequences lacking lowstands developed in shallow, low-energy carbonate and siliciclastic ﬂuvial facies. Limited biostratigraphic control suggests that the 11 3rd-order sequences may be co-eval with those recognized elsewhere in Europe. If this is correct, the ages of these European sequences suggest that the rift climax event in the Arruda subbasin lasted only 1–2 my, and that subsidence rates approached 2m/ky in the center of the subbasin.
The Impact of Organic Fertilizers and Growth stimulators on Leaf Chemical Composition of Pomegranate Seedlings (Selimi Cultivar)

The study was conducted in the nursery of the Department of Horticulture and landscape, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, during the growing season 2022, on one year old pomegranate seedlings cv. Salimi, in order to know the impact of organic fertilizer (sheep waste) with three levels (M0=control, M1=20%, and M2=40%), and some stimuli with eight levels (S0=control, S1=5000 mg L-1 glucose, S2=100 mg L-1 IBA, S3=200 mg L-1 IBA, S4=100 mg L-1 NAA, S5=200 mg L-1 NAA, S6= 6 ml seedlings-1 Taravert Evo and S7=12 ml seedlings-1 Taravert Evo) in the chemical Composition of the leaves of these seedlings. A factorial experiment according to (RCBD) with two factors. The results showed that M2 treatment significant effect in the chemical characteristics of the leaves in N, P, K, carbohydrates and the C:N ratio reached 2.34, 0.24, 1.46, 11.74 and 5.08%. The application of growth stimulators enhanced seedlings growth, where Taravert Evo gave the best results in the leaf content of N, P, and K. As for the interaction between the treatments, the M2S6 interaction treatment achieved a significant superiority in the leaf content of N, P, K, carbohydrates and C:N ratio.
The overview of the knowledge level of hypertension prevention and quality of life in Wirobrajan, Yogyakarta

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease that is a global problem whose prevalence increases with age. Knowledge is important for a person to evaluate himself. Both hypertension and knowledge can affect a person's quality of life. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the level of knowledge about hypertension and the quality of life of the older adults in RW 08 and RW 09 Wirobrajan. The research method used is descriptive-analytic research with inclusion criteria for elderly aged ≥ 60 years. The knowledge test about hypertension and quality of life uses a questionnaire and the EQ-5D3L. The results were 69 older women 67%, education level ≤ 9 years 52%, and history of hypertension 74%. Older adults have a high level of knowledge, with the highest to lowest dimensions being lifestyle (86%), treatment (75%), definition (68%), complications (56%) and adherence to therapy (43%). The EQ5D-3L measurement report showed that the domain scores of no problems with self-care, anxiety/depression, mobility, usual activities, and pain/discomfort were (84.1; 79.7; 73.9; 73.9, and 69.7) %. It was concluded that most of the knowledge and quality of life of the elderly in the Wirobrajan area were in the high category, with the highest domain being self-care and the lowest being pain/discomfort. Further research is needed regarding the relationship between the level of knowledge and the quality of life of older adults. Keywords: Elderly, Hypertension, Knowledge, Quality of life
A Comprehensive Overview on Biochar-Based Materials for Catalytic Applications

The development of heterogeneous catalysts is one of the pillars of modern material science. Among all supports, carbonaceous ones are the most popular due to their high surface area, limited cost, and tunable properties. Nevertheless, materials such as carbon black are produced from oil-derived sources lacking in sustainability. Pyrolytic carbon produced from biomass, known as biochar, could represent a valid solution to combine the sustainability and performance of supported catalysts. In this review, we report a comprehensive overview of the most cutting-edge applications of biochar-based catalysts, providing a reference point for both experts and newcomers. This review will provide a description of all possible applications of biochar-based catalysts, proving their sustainability for the widest range of processes.
Herding Behavior in Security Market and Portfolio Management

This study will examine the herding behavior in security market and its impact on the security pricing and overall market return as well as individual returns. Herding is known as an excessive irrational tendency of investors ignoring the fundamental information presented to them that act together in the markets (Gębka & Wohar 2013). Herding can directly lead to the security market distress and to the increase in trading volatility. In this study, we will examine how the security market under this irrational tendency would directly affect the prices of securities, and returns on individual’s portfolios.
Bounding Box and Thresholding in Optical Character Recognition for Car License Plate Recognition

License plate recognition plays a central role in a variety of application contexts, including traffic management, automated parking, and law enforcement. Among the various approaches available, the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technique has proven its effectiveness in recognizing characters in license plate images. This study describes an approach for detecting and recognizing vehicle license plates by utilizing the OCR method with Bounding Box, Thresholding, and template matching. In addition, this study uses MATLAB R2022a software as the main tool in developing and implementing the method. The goal is to recognize vehicle license plates from images, describe their characteristics, and generate relevant information. This approach involves a series of image processing steps starting with the pre-processing stage, followed by the process of binarization and license plate segmentation. After successfully isolating the license plate area, isolating the character using a bounding box is performed using image separation techniques. The OCR method is used to recognize license plate characters through comparison using the correlation method. Through a series of experiments on several image datasets, this approach succeeded in showing that out of 20 sampled license plate images, the results obtained were a reading accuracy of 93.55% of 100%, recognizing 13 out of 20 license plate images accurately when tested. Thus, the findings of this research are expected to contribute to the recognition of vehicle license plates that are accurate and efficient, by utilizing image processing techniques and OCR methods implemented using MATLAB R2022a software.
Climate change and water resources security in North China

The issue of water shortage and related eco-environmental degradation in North China is one of the major emerging problems in China. As runoff generated from mountain areas decreases significantly and water resources are over-utilized, serious water and eco-environmental problems are observed. Examples are dried-up river systems, decline of groundwater tables, lake and wetland degradation, water pollution, etc. This paper addresses the problem of climate change and water resources security in North China. Based on a long-term data set, it was found that precipitation in North China had dry and wet periods over the last 20 years. However, the scale of this variation has decreased significantly since the 1960s. The air temperature of North China during the 1990s was significantly higher than during the 1980s, and the trend in precipitation change in North China has been negative for 30 years. Further research shows that North China will continue to become dryer until 2010. After 2020, however, it may change to a wetter regime. Thus, climate change will be one of the major issues impacting the socio-economic development of North China in the future.
The Kuril Trench ‐ Hokkaido Rise System: Large Shallow Earthquakes and Simple Models of Deformation

Summary Large shallow earthquakes of the Kuril Trench are distinct from those of the adjacent Aleutian Trench in two important ways: in the case of the Kuril events, (1) the rate of occurrence of events near or oceanward of the trench axis with tensional focal mechanisms is markedly lower and (2) the average apparent stress of 14 shallow events is almost an order of magnitude higher. An explanation of these observations is that the oceanic lithosphere forming the Kuril Trench-Hokkaido Rise system is acted upon by a horizontal compressive stress of several kilobars in a direction normal to the Kuril Trench axis. Calculations based on simple models of elastic deformation support this explanation. Unless the Kuril oceanic lithosphere has a strong nonelastic response on a time scale of a few million years, a horizontal compressive stress of approximately several kilobars is necessary to maintain the Kuril Trench-Hokkaido Rise bathymetry. The oceanic lithosphere in this region has an effective (elastic) thickness of 30–40 km and is capable of supporting deviatoric compressive stresses of several kilobars. The elastic thickness of the Kuril oceanic lithosphere agrees well with the seismic thickness of the lithosphere descending beneath the Tonga arc.
Modulation of JAK-STAT Signaling by LNK: A Forgotten Oncogenic Pathway in Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer

Breast cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Tumors that express hormone receptors account for 75% of all cases. Understanding alternative signaling cascades is important for finding new therapeutic targets for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients. JAK-STAT signaling is commonly activated in hormone receptor-positive breast tumors, inducing inflammation, proliferation, migration, and treatment resistance in cancer cells. In hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, the JAK-STAT cascade is stimulated by hormones and cytokines, such as prolactin and IL-6. In normal cells, JAK-STAT is inhibited by the action of the adaptor protein, LNK. However, the role of LNK in breast tumors is not fully understood. This review compiles published reports on the expression and activation of the JAK-STAT pathway by IL-6 and prolactin and potential inhibition of the cascade by LNK in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Additionally, it includes analyses of available datasets to determine the level of expression of LNK and various members of the JAK-STAT family for the purpose of establishing associations between expression and clinical outcomes. Together, experimental evidence and in silico studies provide a better understanding of the potential implications of the JAK-STAT-LNK loop in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer progression.
TRANSFORMING KIDNEY DISEASE OUTCOMES; THE REVOLUTIONARY IMPACT OF SGLT2 INHIBITORS

The utilization of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for kidney ailments has been a story of unexpected developments. The initial study by Rossetti and colleagues in 1987 proposed the idea of blocking SGLTs in the renal tubules to stimulate glucosuria. The development of orally absorbed SGLT2 inhibitors in the 1990s resulted in numerous trials, including cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOTs) that demonstrated the benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in protecting against secondary kidney disease endpoints. Trials with kidney disease endpoints as primary outcomes further verified these benefits. These trials found that SGLT2 inhibitors were superior to placebo, with a relative risk reduction of 40% for kidney disease progression in patients with or without type 2 diabetes. The Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE) trial, the DAPA-CKD trial, and the EMPA-KIDNEY trial all demonstrated the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors in reducing the progression of kidney disease, leading to a significant reduction in the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death.
Ferulic Acid Enhances Oocyte Maturation and the Subsequent Development of Bovine Oocytes

Improving the quality of oocytes matured in vitro is integral to enhancing the efficacy of in vitro embryo production. Oxidative stress is one of the primary causes of quality decline in oocytes matured in vitro. In this study, ferulic acid (FA), a natural antioxidant found in plant cell walls, was investigated to evaluate its impact on bovine oocyte maturation and subsequent embryonic development. Bovine cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were treated with different concentrations of FA (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 μM) during in vitro maturation (IVM). Compared to the control group, supplementation with 5 μM FA significantly enhanced the maturation rates of bovine oocytes and the expansion of the cumulus cells area, as well as the subsequent cleavage and blastocyst formation rates after in vitro fertilization (IVF) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Furthermore, FA supplementation was observed to effectively decrease the levels of ROS in bovine oocytes and improve their mitochondrial function. Our experiments demonstrate that FA can maintain the levels of antioxidants (GSH, SOD, CAT) in oocytes, thereby alleviating the oxidative stress induced by H2O2. RT-qPCR results revealed that, after FA treatment, the relative mRNA expression levels of genes related to oocyte maturation (GDF-9 and BMP-15), cumulus cell expansion (HAS2, PTX3, CX37, and CX43), and embryo pluripotency (OCT4, SOX2, and CDX2) were significantly increased. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that FA supplementation during bovine oocyte IVM can enhance oocyte quality and the developmental potential of subsequent embryos.