Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a promising tomato line (Solanum lycopersicum) derived from mutation breeding

Afifah EN, Murti RH, Wahyudhi A. 2021. Evaluation of a promising tomato line (Solanum lycopersicum) derived from mutation breeding. Biodiversitas 22: 1863-1868. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a common crop that is widely cultivated and consumed around the world. Demand for tomatoes has increased along with the growth of the human population. Therefore, tomato production has to be continuously developed to meet the ever-rising global demand. Mutation breeding is one of the strategies applied to improve plant yield and quality. This study evaluated a promising mutant breeding line called G6 and compared it to existing varieties. G6 (mutant line), Ratna, Tora, and Intan (commercial varieties) were used as materials and were evaluated for their qualitative and quantitative traits. Overall, G6 showed a slightly flattened fruit shape similar to Ratna. It also had the highest value of locules, long shelf life, and the number of bunches per plant compared to the existing varieties (Ratna, Intan, and Tora). The number of locules is assumed to be linked to fruit size and dimension. Long shelf life is one of the preferred qualities of both consumers and farmers, as it could prevent overmature and rotten tomato fruit during transportation. G6 differed from commercial varieties (Intan, Ratna, and Tora) in terms of the number of locules, shelf life, and the number of bunches per plant.
SPIRITUAL DETERMINANTS AND SITUATIONAL CONTINGENCIES OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP

There is a strong evidence that transformational leadership gives rise to loftier motivation among the teaching staff, creative school innovation, enhanced learning results among students and critical openness to diversity in society. Little is known how school leaders can become better transformational leaders. Our research among school leaders of the Salesian schools in India seeks to verify if higher performance of transformational leadership is influenced by spiritual determinants (spiritual discernment, spiritual traits, spiritual capital, and spiritual experience), besides situational contingencies pertaining to personal profile and institutional features. The findings reveal that the prevalent leadership style in Salesian schools is transformational, and that it is strongly predicted by a combined spiritual trait of self-directed-cooperativeness and spiritual discernment, and moderately predicted by the situational contingencies of schools being private and having lesser student strength.
Effect of P-Block Modifier and Element Ratio in Transition Metal Intermetallic Alloy Catalysts for Semi-Hydrogenation

Figure 1 To systematically understand the effect of p-block element selection on the control of surface and catalytic chemistry of IMCs, we have performed a computational surface science study over Ni+B-group IMCs (NiB, NiAl, NiGa, NiIn, and NiTl) in the context of the semi-hydrogenation of acetylene (published in Journal of Catalysis) [1]. A kinetic rate constant analysis was performed to understand the kinetic preference for each catalyst for the selective production of ethylene, unselective overhydrogenation to ethane, oligomerization via HCCH + HCCH2 coupling, and coke formation. The most favorable reaction pathway for each material has been isolated. Considering adsorption probes as surface reactivity makers, general changes in surface reactivity as a function of p-block element agreed well with observed reaction pathway preference, but some critical deviations are present over NiAl and NiGa. Acetylene, ethylene, and dissociative H2 adsorption follow a rough volcano-like trend with NiAl and NiGa exhibiting the lowest reactivity towards the adsorbates (see Figure 1a, 1b, and 1c). The reduced surface reactivity of NiAl and NiGa correlate well with improved orbital overlap where the element sizes match. Whereas, for smaller (B) or larger (In or Tl) p-block elements where a size mismatch occurs with Ni, greatly elevated surface reactivity is encountered. The correlations between activity and surface chemical reactivity markers were investigated via Sabatier analysis. Sabatier correlations for hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene, hydrogenation of ethylene to ethane, and oligomerization of acetylene to butadiene are shown in Figure 1d, 1e, and 1f, respectively. Significant changes in surface chemical reactivity of the suite of IMCs towards intermediates and reactants as a function of p-block element produces an equally significant range of relative activities in each reaction pathway. The lack of systematic and localized linear trends that were a function of only one surface chemical reactivity marker, as commonly encountered over monometallic surfaces, further suggests significant ensemble or electronic effects in the Ni+B-group IMC surface and catalytic chemistry [2–7]. As all Ni+Bgroup IMCs are isoelectronic, the changes in surface chemistry are driven predominantly by changes in orbital-orbital overlap, electronegativity differences between Ni and the p-element, and a minor ensemble effect (three-fold to two-fold Ni reaction sites, where applicable).
Optimization-based control of the F1/10 autonomous racing car- Acronym

The main interest of this thesis is the application of optimization-based control techniques on a 1/10 scale autonomous racing vehicle for the F1/10 Autonomous Racing Competition. The goal is to implement a control algorithm able to achieve fast lap times in time-trial races. Selected vehicle and tire models are identified and implemented using a genetic algorithm. A Model Predictive Contouring Control algorithm utilizing the identified models is integrated into the racing vehicle platform, and its performance is tested in simulation and real-life experiments. The control algorithm successfully optimized the vehicle’s trajectory in the simulation and was able to drive the vehicle safely through the testing track in the real-life experiment.
Nonadaptive molecular evolution of seminal fluid proteins in Drosophila

Seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) are a group of reproductive proteins that are among the most evolutionarily divergent known. As SFPs can impact male and female fitness, these proteins have been proposed to evolve under postcopulatory sexual selection (PCSS). However, the fast change of the SFPs can also result from nonadaptive evolution, and the extent to which selective constraints prevent SFPs rapid evolution remains unknown. Using intra‐ and interspecific sequence information, along with genomics and functional data, we examine the molecular evolution of approximately 300 SFPs in Drosophila. We found that 50–57% of the SFP genes, depending on the population examined, are evolving under relaxed selection. Only 7–12% showed evidence of positive selection, with no evidence supporting other forms of PCSS, and 35–37% of the SFP genes were selectively constrained. Further, despite associations of positive selection with gene location on the X chromosome and protease activity, the analysis of additional genomic and functional features revealed their lack of influence on SFPs evolving under positive selection. Our results highlight a lack of sufficient evidence to claim that most SFPs are driven to evolve rapidly by PCSS while identifying genomic and functional attributes that influence different modes of SFPs evolution.
Revisiting the sedimentary record of the rise of diatoms

Significance The fossil record has been used to suggest that diatoms rose to become one of the most dominant primary producers in the world over the past 20 million years, thereby transforming the global silicon cycle. Here we provide new evidence that the fossil record of diatoms is strongly influenced by changes in preservation potential. We show that changes in deep-sea sedimentation rate and temperature over the Cenozoic Era (the past 66 million years) would have led to better diatom fossil preservation toward the present, producing an apparent rise that does not necessarily reflect a primary ecological signal. This finding is transformative for our understanding of the Cenozoic silica cycle and diatoms’ role in it. Diatoms are a major primary producer in the modern oceans and play a critical role in the marine silica cycle. Their rise to dominance is recognized as one of the largest shifts in Cenozoic marine ecosystems, but the timing of this transition is debated. Here, we use a diagenetic model to examine the effect of sedimentation rate and temperature on the burial efficiency of biogenic silica over the past 66 million years (i.e., the Cenozoic). We find that the changing preservation potential of siliceous microfossils during that time would have overprinted the primary signal of diatom and radiolarian abundance. We generate a taphonomic null hypothesis of the diatom fossil record by assuming a constant flux of diatoms to the sea floor and having diagenetic conditions driven by observed shifts in temperature and sedimentation rate. This null hypothesis produces a late Cenozoic (∼5 Ma to 20 Ma) increase in the relative abundance of fossilized diatoms that is comparable to current empirical records. This suggests that the observed increase in diatom abundance in the sedimentary record may be driven by changing preservation potential. A late Cenozoic rise in diatoms has been causally tied to the rise of grasslands and baleen whales and to declining atmospheric CO2 levels. Here we suggest that the similarity among these records primarily arises from a common driver—the cooling climate system—that drove enhanced diatom preservation as well as the rise of grasslands and whales, rather than a causal link among them.
Intravesical repair of vesicovaginal fistula guided by cystoscopy

Background Vesicovaginal fistulas (VVF) are an unusual problem that may significantly affect a patient’s quality of life. The main causes for this condition are labour complications (mostly in developing countries) and pelvic surgeries (in industrialised countries). Treatment may be conservative or surgical. Regarding surgical treatment, there is still debate about the best approach and surgical technique. Objective To demonstrate a correction of a VVF guided by cystoscopy using intravesical laparoscopic instruments. Methods Case report and surgical video of a recurrent VVF treated with a hybrid technique involving direct transvesical insertion of 3 mm laparoscopic trocars and instruments guided by cystoscopy. As far as we know, although there are some reported techniques that use a combination of transvesical laparoscopic instruments and cystoscopy, this is the least invasive and most ergonomic technique described. Results Two years after surgery, the patient remains asymptomatic and with no fistula recurrence. Conclusion The transvesical approach guided by cystoscopy seems to be an effective, safe and ergonomic minimally invasive procedure for VVF repair.
Distraction osteogenesis in craniosynostosis

Purpose of review Craniosynostosis, a condition of premature cranial suture fusion, can have significantly detrimental effects on development and growth due to sequelae of increased intracranial hypertension (ICP), exophthalmos, and upper airway obstruction. Evolving surgical treatments now include distraction osteogenesis (DO) due to its many benefits relative to standard cranial vault remodeling procedures. This article provides an overview and update of different surgical applications of DO for patients with craniosynostosis. Recent findings DO has been utilized successfully for single and multisuture craniosynostosis with or without midface hypoplasia to increase intracranial volume, decrease ICP and improve aesthetics. It has been applied in single suture synostosis, posterior vault DO, fronto-orbital advancement, monobloc DO and Le Fort III DO. DO has been applied through modification of traditional surgical procedures with success in maintaining goals of surgery while reducing risk. Summary DO is still a relatively new and evolving surgical technique for patients with syndromic and nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. With promising benefits, consideration for each procedure should be weighed until longer-term data is available.
The Chilean socio-ethno-genomic cline

ABSTRACT Studies of the current Chilean population performed using classical genetic markers have established that the Chilean population originated primarily from the admixture of European people, particularly Spaniards, and Amerindians. A socioeconomic-ethno-genetic cline was established soon after the conquest. Spaniards born in Spain or Chile occupied the highest Socioeconomic Strata, while Amerindians belonged to the lowest. The intermediate strata consisted of people with different degrees of ethnic admixture; the larger the European admixture, the higher the Socioeconomic Level. The present study of molecular genomic markers sought to calculate the percentage of Amerindian admixture and revealed a finer distribution of this cline, as well as differences between two Amerindian groups: Aymara and Mapuche. The use of two socioeconomic classifications – Class and Socioeconomic Level – reveals important differences. Furthermore, Self-reported Ethnicity (self-assignment to an ethnic group) and Self-reported Ancestry (self-recognition of Amerindian ancestors) show variations and differing relationships between socioeconomic classifications and genomic Amerindian Admixture. These data constitute a valuable input for the formulation of public healthcare policy and show that the notions of Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Strata and Class should always be a consideration in policy development.
Silybin Restored CYP3A Expression through the Sirtuin 2/Nuclear Factor κ-B Pathway in Mouse Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Silybin is widely used as a hepatoprotective agent in various liver disease therapies and has been previously identified as a CYP3A inhibitor. However, little is known about the effect of silybin on CYP3A and the regulatory mechanism during high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced liver inflammation. In our study, we found that silybin restored CYP3A expression and activity that were decreased by HFD and conditioned medium (CM) from palmitate-treated Kupffer cells. Moreover, silybin suppressed liver inflammation in HFD-fed mice and inhibited nuclear factor κ-B translocation into the nucleus through elevation of SIRT2 expression and promotion of p65 deacetylation. This effect was confirmed by overexpression of SIRT2, which suppressed p65 nuclear translocation and restored CYP3A transcription affected by CM. The hepatic NAD+ concentration markedly decreased in HFD-fed mice and CM-treated hepatocytes/HepG2 cells but increased after silybin treatment. Supplementing nicotinamide mononucleotide as an NAD+ donor inhibited p65 acetylation, decreased p65 nuclear translocation, and restored cyp3a transcription in both HepG2 cells and mouse hepatocytes. These results suggest that silybin regulates metabolic enzymes during liver inflammation by a mechanism related to the increase in NAD+ and SIRT2 levels. In addition, silybin enhanced the intracellular NAD+ concentration by decreasing poly-ADP ribosyl polymerase-1 expression. In summary, silybin increased NAD+ concentration, promoted SIRT2 expression, and lowered p65 acetylation both in vivo and in vitro, which supported the recovery of CYP3A expression. These findings indicate that the NAD+/SIRT2 pathway plays an important role in CYP3A regulation during nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This research revealed the differential regulation of CYP3A by silybin under physiological and fatty liver pathological conditions. In the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, silybin restored, not inhibited, CYP3A expression and activity through the NAD+/ sirtuin 2 pathway in accordance with its anti-inflammatory effect.
The effect of strength-endurance training on serum and urine metabolic profiles of female adolescent volleyball athletes.

Aim Limited investigations on metabolic responses to exercise training in female adolescent volleyball athletes exist. The aim of this study was to obtain serum and urine metabolite markers in female adolescent volleyball athletes within 2-week strength-endurance training using a metabolomics approach coupled with biochemical analysis, which would be potential biomarkers for evaluating the physiological state of athletes. Methods Twelve female adolescent volleyball athletes were recruited for 2-week strength-endurance training. Differential serum and urine metabolic profiles between the pre- and post-training group were obtained on gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and data subsequently underwent orthogonal partial least-squares analysis (OPLS). Results Strength-endurance training exerted a significant influence on the athletes' serum and urine metabolic profiles. The changed metabolites were primarily involved in energy metabolism, lipid metabolism and amino acids metabolism. Results support the hypothesis that female athletes displayed an increased propensity to oxidize lipids as the major energy source. Exposure to strength-endurance training also led to a significant increase in cortisol, but a decrease in testosterone, indicating disordered hormone adjustment. Exercise-induced oxidative stress occurred, as was evidenced by the decrease in reduced glutathione, and increases in blood malondialdehyde and oxidized glutathione. Since the muscle damage markers creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase did not show significant changes, the training might not cause cell membrane damage and the athletes did not cross the adaptive injury level. Conclusion By measurement of endogenous metabolites, the metabolomics study has the potential to reveal the global physiological changes in response to exercise training.
Psychological adjustment following mechanical restraint in individuals with schizophrenia

Abstract Aim While it is known that being mechanically restrained during hospitalization can, in severe cases, lead to PTSD in individuals with mental illness, less is known about why some develop posttraumatic stress reactions following restraint while others do not. This study examined whether the amount of exposure to mechanical restraint and patients’ interpretations of the episodes' centrality to their identity were related to symptoms of PTSD in individuals with schizophrenia. Methods We asked 20 individuals to recall mechanical restraint episodes and rate them on centrality to identity. They also completed scales measuring symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, trauma history, and were rated on positive and negative symptoms. Objective information about the number of times they had been restrained was obtained through Danish health registries. Results Amount of exposure to mechanical restraint was not significantly related to PTSD symptoms, potentially due to limitations of our small sample. However, interpreting episodes as more central to identity was. This relationship remained significant when controlling for trauma history, positive symptoms, and depression. Conclusion The results suggest that clinically significant levels of PTSD are common in this population, and that considering patients’ subjective interpretations of restraint episodes, and not merely the objective facts surrounding them is important for patients' psychological adjustment.
Efficacy of early administration of liposomal amphotericin B in patients with septic shock: A nationwide observational study.

INTRODUCTION Liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB), a broad spectrum anti-fungicidal drug, is often administered to treat invasive fungal infections (IFIs). However, the most suitable time to initiate treatment in septic shock patients with IFI is unknown. METHODS Patients with septic shock treated with L-AMB were identified from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination national database and were stratified according to L-AMB treatment initiation either at septic shock onset (early L-AMB group) or after the onset (delayed L-AMB group) to determine their survival rates following septic shock onset and the shock cessation period. RESULTS We identified 141 patients administered L-AMB on the day of or after septic shock onset: 60 patients received early treatment, whereas 81 patients received delayed treatment. Survival rates after septic shock onset were higher in the early L-AMB group than in the delayed L-AMB group (4 weeks: 68.4% vs 57.9%, P = 0.197; 6 weeks: 62.2% vs 44.5%, P = 0.061; 12 weeks: 43.4% vs 35.0%, P = 0.168, respectively). The septic shock cessation period was shorter in the early L-AMB group than in the delayed L-AMB group (7.0 ± 7.0 days vs 16.5 ± 15.4 days, P < 0.001), with a significant difference confirmed after adjusting for confounding factors with propensity score matching (7.1 ± 7.2 days vs 16.7 ± 14.0 days, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Early L-AMB administration at septic shock onset may be associated with early shock cessation.
Validation of a Claims-based Algorithm to Identify Pregestational Diabetes Among Pregnant Women in the United States

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Identifying pregestational diabetes in pregnant women using administrative claims databases is important for studies of the safety of antidiabetic treatment in pregnancy, but limited data are available on the validity of case-identifying algorithms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of an administrative claims-based algorithm to identify pregestational diabetes. Methods: Using a cohort of pregnant women nested within the Medicaid Analytic Extract (MAX) database, we developed an algorithm to identify pregestational type 1 and type 2 diabetes, distinct from gestational diabetes. Within a single large healthcare system in the Boston area, we identified women who delivered an infant between 2000 and 2010 and were covered by Medicaid, and linked their electronic health records to their Medicaid claims within MAX. Medical records were reviewed by two physicians blinded to the algorithm classification to confirm or rule out pregestational diabetes, with disagreements resolved by discussion. We calculated positive predictive values with 95% confidence intervals using the medical record as the reference standard. Results: We identified 49 pregnancies classified by the claims-based algorithm as pregestational diabetes that were linked to the electronic health records and had records available for review. The PPV for any pregestational diabetes was 92% [95% confidence interval (CI) 82%, 97%], type 2 diabetes 87% (68%, 95%), and type 1 diabetes 57% (37%, 75%). Conclusions: The claims-based algorithm for pregestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes performed well; however, the PPV was low for type 1 diabetes.