Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential Role of Beta‐Carotene and Antioxidant Vitamins in the Prevention of Oral Cancer a

Squamous cell cancers of the oral cavity are common malignancies with regional incidences that vary considerably from one part of the world to another. Overall, oral and pharyngeal cancers are the sixth most frequent neoplasms in the world. I The highest rates are encountered in developing countries, particularly India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, the Philippines, Hong Kong, parts of Brazil, and other areas of Latin America, where up to 25% of all malignant tumors are found in the oral c a ~ i t y . ~ . ~ In the United States, approximately 42,000 new cases of head and neck cancer occur annually resulting in about 12,000 death^. ^ The vast majority of these tumors are related to exogenous etiologic factors such as tobacco and alcohol use. ’,6 In developing countries, tobacco and betel quid chewing, often mixed with other substances such as slaked lime, is a widespread custom that is responsible for many of these cancers. It has been estimated that tobacco, either smoked or chewed, causes more then 70% of oral cavity cancer. ’ Therapies for oral cancer have improved from the standpoint of producing less morbidity and disfigurement. There has been no demonstrable improvement in recent years, however, in the survival rate of patients afflicted with this disease. Patients presenting with advanced disease and local metastases, accounting for about half the cases, have a five-year survival in the range of 30% or less. Early cancers generally have a higher cure rate with local treatment modalities, such as surgery andlor radiotherapy. More advanced disease is treated by combining these modalities with chemotherapy. Although current chemotherapeutic regimens produce response rates in the range of 50 to 85%, the use of combined treatment of advanced disease with all three modalities, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, has not resulted in improved patient survival. Major causes of death in advanced disease patients include local recurrence and distant metastases, the latter usually accompanied by local recurrence. On the other hand, for early-stage patients, development ofasecondmalignancy oftheupperaerodigestive tract results in significant mortality despite successful treatment of the primary These second cancers occur in 10 to 40% of patients within five years of the first lesion. The concept of “field cancerization” has been proposed as an explanation for this tendency of increased cancer formation and refers to diffuse changes in the rnucosa, presumably by exposure to carcinogens, leading to increased neoplastic growth.I0 The approach most likely to reduce mortality from oral cancer is its prevention.
A Differential Wiring Analysis of Expression Data Correctly Identifies the Gene Containing the Causal Mutation

Transcription factor (TF) regulation is often post-translational. TF modifications such as reversible phosphorylation and missense mutations, which can act independent of TF expression level, are overlooked by differential expression analysis. Using bovine Piedmontese myostatin mutants as proof-of-concept, we propose a new algorithm that correctly identifies the gene containing the causal mutation from microarray data alone. The myostatin mutation releases the brakes on Piedmontese muscle growth by translating a dysfunctional protein. Compared to a less muscular non-mutant breed we find that myostatin is not differentially expressed at any of ten developmental time points. Despite this challenge, the algorithm identifies the myostatin ‘smoking gun’ through a coordinated, simultaneous, weighted integration of three sources of microarray information: transcript abundance, differential expression, and differential wiring. By asking the novel question “which regulator is cumulatively most differentially wired to the abundant most differentially expressed genes? ” it yields the correct answer, “myostatin”. Our new approach identifies causal regulatory changes by globally contrasting co-expression network dynamics. The entirely data-driven ‘weighting’ procedure emphasises regulatory movement relative to the phenotypically relevant part of the network. In contrast to other published methods that compare co-expression networks, significance testing is not used to eliminate connections.
HDAC3 controls gap 2/mitosis progression in adult neural stem/progenitor cells by regulating CDK1 levels

Significance Cell cycle regulation is one of the most fundamental mechanisms to control various biological processes, including the proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in adult mouse brain. This study shows that histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), a well-studied epigenetic factor, is required for the proliferation of neural stem cells. We also demonstrate that HDAC3 controls gap 2 and mitosis phase of cell cycle through stabilization of cell cycle protein cyclin-dependent kinase 1. These findings suggest an important role for HDAC3 in NSPC proliferation, and modulation of HDAC3 activity pharmacologically may be beneficial for tissue regeneration and cancer therapy. The maintenance of the resident adult neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) pool depends on the precise balance of proliferation, differentiation, and maintenance of the undifferentiated state. Identifying the mechanisms that regulate this balance in adult hippocampal NSPCs can provide insight into basic stem cell self-renewal principles important for tissue homeostasis and preventing tumor formation. Pharmacological inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs), a class of histone-modifying enzymes, have promising effects in cancer cells, yet the specific roles of individual HDACs in stem cell proliferation is unclear. Here using conditional KO (cKO) mice and in vitro cell culture, we show that histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is required for the proliferation of adult NSPCs. Detailed cell cycle analysis of NSPCs from Hdac3 cKO mice reveals a defect in cell cycle progression through the gap 2/mitosis (G2/M) but not the S phase. Moreover, HDAC3 controls G2/M phase progression mainly through posttranslational stabilization of the G2/M cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). These results demonstrate that HDAC3 plays a critical role in NSPC proliferation and suggest that strategies aimed at pharmacological modulation of HDAC3 may be beneficial for tissue regeneration and controlling tumor cell growth.
Radiometric Correction and Normalization of Airborne LiDAR Intensity Data for Improving Land-Cover Classification

Radiometric correction of airborne LiDAR intensity data has been proposed based on the use of the radar (range) equation for removing the effects of attenuation due to system and environmental-induced distortions. Although radiometric correction of airborne LiDAR intensity data has been recently investigated with results revealing improved accuracy of surface classification, there exist a few voids requiring further research effort. First, the variation of object surface characteristics (slope and aspect) plays a crucial role in modeling the recorded intensity data, and thus, the laser incidence angle is usually considered in the correction process. Nevertheless, the use of incidence angle would lead to the effects of overcorrection, particularly on those features located in steep slope. Second, line-stripping problems are usually appeared in the overlapping region of LiDAR data strips acquired by sensors configured with automatic gain control (AGC). Currently, the effects of AGC cannot be perfectly modeled due to the nondisclosure of information by the sensor manufacturers. In this paper, we attempt to fill these voids by: 1) proposing a correction mechanism using the surface slope as a threshold to select either using scan angle or incidence angle in the radar (range) equation; and 2) proposing a subhistogram matching technique to radiometrically normalize the overlapping intensity data. The proposed approaches were applied to three real airborne LiDAR data strips for experimental testing. The results showed that the coefficient of variation reached to the lowest value for most of the land-cover features with a slope threshold between 30° and 40°. The variance-to-mean ratio of five land-cover features was significantly reduced by 70%-82% after applying the proposed correction mechanism. In addition, the systematic noises appeared in the overlapping region were significantly reduced after radiometric correction and normalization, where the overall accuracies were improved by up to 16.5% in the results of intensity data classification. With the demonstrated improvement in intensity homogeneity, it is recommended that airborne LiDAR intensity data should be radiometrically preprocessed before performing any thematic applications.
Melia: A MapReduce Framework on OpenCL-Based FPGAs

MapReduce, originally developed by Google for search applications, has recently become a popular programming framework for parallel and distributed environments. This paper presents an energy-efficient architecture design for MapReduce on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). The major goal is to enable users to program FPGAs with simple MapReduce interfaces, and meanwhile to embrace automatic performance optimizations within the MapReduce framework. Compared to other processors like CPUs and GPUs, FPGAs are (re-)programmable hardware and have very low energy consumption. However, the design and implementation of MapReduce on FPGAs can be challenging: firstly, FPGAs are usually programmed with hardware description languages, which hurts the programmability of the MapReduce design to its users; secondly, since MapReduce has irregular access patterns (especially in the reduce phase) and needs to support user-defined functions, careful designs and optimizations are required for efficiency. In this paper, we design, implement and evaluate Melia, a MapReduce framework on FPGAs. Melia takes advantage of the recent OpenCL programming framework developed for Altera FPGAs, and abstracts FPGAs behind the simple and familiar MapReduce interfaces in C. We further develop a series of FPGA-centric optimization techniques to improve the efficiency of Melia, and a costand resource-based approach to automate the parameter settings for those optimizations. We evaluate Melia on a recent Altera Stratix V GX FPGA with a number of commonly used MapReduce benchmarks. Our results demonstrate that 1) the efficiency and effectiveness of our optimizations and automated parameter setting approach, 2) Melia can achieve promising energy efficiency in comparison with its counterparts on CPUs/GPUs on both single-FPGA and cluster settings.
C iv absorption in damped and sub-damped Lyman-alpha systems: Correlations with metallicity and implications for galactic winds at z~2-3

We present a study of $\ion{C}{iv}$ absorption in a sample of 63 damped Lyman- α (DLA) systems and 11 sub-DLAs in the redshift range $1.75\! -1 FWHM ), high signal-to-noise VLT/UVES spectra. The complex absorption line profiles show both narrow and broad $\ion{C}{iv}$ components, indicating the presence of both warm, photoionized and hot, collisionally ionized gas. We report new correlations between the metallicity (measured in the neutral-phase) and each of the $\ion{C}{iv}$ column density, the $\ion{C}{iv}$ total line width, and the maximum $\ion{C}{iv}$ velocity. We explore the effect on these correlations of the sub-DLAs, the proximate DLAs (defined as those within 5000 km s -1 of the quasar), the saturated absorbers, and the metal line used to measure the metallicity, and we find the correlations to be robust. There is no evidence for any difference between the measured properties of DLA $\ion{C}{iv}$ and sub-DLA $\ion{C}{iv}$. In 25 DLAs and 4 sub-DLAs, covering 2.5 dex in [Z/H], we directly observe $\ion{C}{iv}$ moving above the escape speed, where v esc is derived from the total line width of the neutral gas profiles. These high-velocity $\ion{C}{iv}$ clouds, unbound from the central potential well, can be interpreted as highly ionized outflowing winds, which are predicted by numerical simulations of galaxy feedback. The distribution of $\ion{C}{iv}$ column density in DLAs and sub-DLAs is similar to the distribution in Lyman Break galaxies, where winds are directly observed, supporting the idea that supernova feedback creates the ionized gas in DLAs. The unbound $\ion{C}{iv}$ absorbers show a median mass flow rate of ~22 ( r /40 kpc) $M_\odot$ yr -1 , where r is the characteristic $\ion{C}{iv}$ radius. Their kinetic energy fluxes are large enough that a star formation rate (SFR) of ~2 $M_\odot$ yr -1 is required to power them.
Is there a cirrhotic cardiomyopathy?

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Flow structures and fluid transport for the hydromedusae Sarsia tubulosa and Aequorea victoria

SUMMARY The flow structures produced by the hydromedusae Sarsia tubulosa and Aequorea victoria are examined using direct numerical simulation and Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS). Body motion of each hydromedusa is digitized and input to a CFD program. Sarsia tubulosa uses a jetting type of propulsion, emitting a single, strong, fast-moving vortex ring during each swimming cycle while a secondary vortex of opposite rotation remains trapped within the subumbrellar region. The ejected vortex is highly energetic and moves away from the hydromedusa very rapidly. Conversely, A. victoria, a paddling type hydromedusa, is found to draw fluid from the upper bell surface and eject this fluid in pairs of counter-rotating, slow-moving vortices near the bell margins. Unlike S. tubulosa, both vortices are ejected during the swimming cycle of A. victoria and linger in the tentacle region. In fact, we find that A. victoria and S. tubulosa swim with Strouhal numbers of 1.1 and 0.1, respectively. This means that vortices produced by A. victoria remain in the tentacle region roughly 10 times as long as those produced by S. tubulosa, which presents an excellent feeding opportunity during swimming for A. victoria. Finally, we examine the pressure on the interior bell surface of both hydromedusae and the velocity profile in the wake. We find that S. tubulosa produces very uniform pressure on the interior of the bell as well as a very uniform jet velocity across the velar opening. This type of swimming can be well approximated by a slug model, but A. victoria creates more complicated pressure and velocity profiles. We are also able to estimate the power output of S. tubulosa and find good agreement with other hydromedusan power outputs. All results are based on numerical simulations of the swimming jellyfish.
Automatic Identification and Removal of Ocular Artifacts from EEG using Wavelet Transform

The Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a biological signal that represents the electrical activity of the brain. Eye-blinks and movement of the eyeballs produce electrical signals that are collectively known as Ocular Artifacts (OA). These are of the order of milli-volts and they contaminate the EEG signals which are of the order of micro-volts. The frequency range of EEG signal is 0 to 64 Hz and the OA occur within the range of 0 to 16 Hz. If the wavelet based EOG correction algorithm is applied to the entire length of the EEG signal, it results in thresholding of both low frequency and high frequency components even in the non-OA zones. This leads to considerable loss of valuable background EEG activity. Though the detection of OA zones can be done by visual inspection, the OA time zones need to be given as input to the EOG correction procedure, which is a laborious process. Hence there is a need for automatic detection of artifact zones. This paper discusses a method to automatically identify slow varying OA zones and applying wavelet based adaptive thresholding algorithm only to the identified OA zones, which avoids the removal of background EEG information. Adaptive thresholding applied only to the OA zone does not affect the low frequency components in the non-OA zones and also preserves the shape (waveform) of the EEG signal in non- artifact zones which is of very much importance in clinical diagnosis.
Trust and Taxes: Estonian and Lithuanian Fiscal Performance During the Crisis

The paper aims to explain the difference in fiscal performance between Estonia and Lithuania (Latvia is also discussed) – two countries that were among the hardest hit ones during the recent economic crisis. While Lithuania (and Latvia) saw its budget deficit and public debt expand substantially, Estonia managed to keep the deficit under 3 percent of GDP and consequently was invited to join the eurozone as of 2011. The experience of these countries presents an interesting puzzle, as the divergent fiscal performance cannot be attributed to purely economic factors. Both countries have similar economic structure, and both were similarly affected by the crisis. Furthermore, expenditure reduction efforts fail to provide an answer either, as Lithuania actually cut budget expenditure more than Estonia did.It is therefore argued that the proximate cause for the different fiscal performance was related to tax revenues which decreased much less in Estonia than in Lithuania. Since tax policy changes in both countries were also similar, the answer lies in tax compliance gap between these countries. In turn, the paper argues that this compliance gap can be attributed to different quality of institutions in Estonia and Lithuania, in particular the level of trust in political institutions. Lithuanian society deeply mistrusts its government, while Estonian authorities are significantly more popular. As both countries implemented harsh austerity measures during the crisis, Lithuanian society did not present open contestation (in terms of protests or electoral backlash), but resisted (or at least did not support the consolidation policy) by turning to shadow economy.The paper uses comparative, within-case and cross-case analysis to solve the empirical puzzle. Inter alia, it relies on “nested” analysis by placing the Baltic countries into comparative context (EU member states). This helps to, first, solve the particular Baltic puzzle and, second, provide more general insights. In particular, it is hypothesized that the importance of trust for fiscal performance might even increase during economic downturns. In other words, the relationship between trust and tax compliance might be conditional on the economic environment. Finally, an implication for Lithuania is that the solution of certain seemingly economic problems, such as increasing public debt, might require an improvement in the state-society relationship.
A Thematic Analysis of Linguistic Taboos and Their Corresponding Euphemistic Expressions in Oromo

ion is also one strategy of euphemism. As we can observe from the study, many taboo words/expressions are euphemized through this strategy. Mostly, when we use the abstract strategy, we use waan which literally means ‘thing’ as in waan Waak’aa ‘God’s thing’ to refer to thunder. In this expression, the term waan makes the meaning of the expression more abstract because we do not know concretely the thing or the referent wanted to be explained. This is because there are many things which belong to God. Whatever it is, in this context, the expression refers to a thunder which only falls by order of God. They use this kind of strategy in order to conceal something which is considered as taboo. In this study, there are many words which are borrowed from other languages; especially Arabic words which are borrowed by Bale and Hararghe Oromo to reduce the offensiveness of taboo expressions. This happens due to the fact that the Muslim Oromos live in these zones. When I say this, I am not saying their Muslimness obliged them to create this strategy; but to express the borrowed term from Arabic language in case of religion. In euphemizing process using borrowed term is normal. For example, it is heard when people use the English word ‘sex’ to express sexual intercourse; however, when they do this, they adjust as their own pronunciation and say seeksii goɗe which means ‘he did sex’. This expression is not as harsh as the term sale ‘fucked’. Especially, young people use this term in front of illiterates to conceal the tabooness of the term sale; because, they do not know its semantics. On the other hand, literate persons also