Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Case Study Application

We have presented several reconfigurations that improve the performance of the overall plant significantly over the original conceptual design. In fact, we do not recommend any one of the reconfigurations over the others. They differ from one another not only in fuel savings but also in complexity and in capital costs. While Reconfiguration 2 may appear to be the best compromise when R = 4, and No. 7 when R = 2.5, the trade-off between these factors might well be weighed more carefully before a final recommendation would be made. Our intention has been, simply, to show that exergy analysis is a valuable tool for achieving substantial improvements in process plant energy utilization, using conventional hardware. They are by no means presented as "the ultimate" results. Yet, to achieve them required diligent and methodical analysis of the exergy numbers along with a basis against which to compare the numbers, together with experience. Indeed, with additional and/or more systematic pursuit, further improvements might be achieved (especially if additional flowsheet complications, or more advanced technologies, or revisions of the nitric acid process were entertained). For examples, the explicit use of second-law efficiencies and costing in ways like those illustrated by El-Sayed and Gaggioli (1987, 1988, 1989) might be employed to help find further improvements. In any case, though, it is granted that in the current state of the art of exergy analysis there is "a very heavy dependence on judgment and past experience," in the words of one reviewer. How can the art be improved, to help overcome this shortcoming? One way, mentioned by another reviewer, is to meld exergy analysis with systematic procedures like pinch technology. Another approach is the development of interactive computer programs (e.g., El-Sayed and Gaggioli, 1987, 1988, 1989). All of these might well be incorporated into expert systems, which incorporate the tools, experience, and judgment of second-law practitioners (e.g., Kowalski, 1987; Melli et al., 1990).
INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS AND ELDERLY’S HEALTH STATUS

The elderly mostly suffer from health issues such as chronic illnesses, progressive disabilities and ailments. Although the importance of socio-economic status on the elderly’s health is clear, the involved factors remains to be clear. Clarification of the effects of socio-economic factors on the health of the elderly would be helpful for decision makers and decent resource allocation. Methods: In the current research, we conducted cross-sectional studies in Tehran, Iran. Participents were collected randomly and the data were obtained by questionnaire. Internet and library searches were used to make and improve an appropriate questionnaire. To approve the content validity of questionnaire, we did the literature review and interviewed eight experts and professor of health care management. Questionnaires were distributed among 140 elderly who were older than 60 year and lived in nursing home and 280 elderly who have the same age criterion but lived with their families. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Results: 406 out of 420 questionnaires were filled by participants, which presents 96.6% responsibility. Our data shows a statistical significant correlation between socioeconomic status and mental, physical and social health. Conclusion: Here we show that the elderly’s marital status, educational level, occupational type, and property ownership are affective on the all of physical, social and mental health status of the elderly’s. in addition, the occupied married elderly with the master/doctorate degree have better health status in compare with other participants.
Giant enhancement of dipole-forbidden transitions via lattices of plasmonic nanoparticles

We demonstrate theoretically that electric dipole-forbidden atomic transitions can be excited by the interaction of the quadrupole moment of the transition with the electric near-field in the vicinity of an illuminated periodic array of core–shell metallic nanoparticles via surface-plasmon excitation. The rate of the quadrupole transition is enhanced by nine orders of magnitude relative to the illumination of the atom by a plane wave rendering the transition experimentally observable. At the same time, the enhancement of the quadrupole transition rate means an enhancement of the quadrupole force at the same level, enabling the subwavelength trapping of the atom at the optical near-field landscape. The calculations are based on rigorous electrodynamic calculations based on the layer-multiple-scattering theory for periodic nanostructures of spherical scatterers. The quadrupole transition is studied by means of electromagnetic multipole angular momentum theory which provides a closed formula for the corresponding atomic transition rate.
Rethinking the Paleoproterozoic Great Oxidation Event: A Biological Perspective

Competing geophysical/geochemical hypotheses for how Earth's surface became oxygenated - organic carbon burial, hydrogen escape to space, and changes in the redox state of volcanic gases - are examined and a more biologically-based hypothesis is offered in response. It is argued that organic carbon burial is of minor importance to the accumulation of oxygen in a mainly anoxic world where aerobic respiration is not globally significant. Thus, for the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) ~ 2.4 Gyr ago, an increasing flux of O2 due to its production by an expanding population of cyanobacteria is parameterized as the primary source of O2. Various factors would have constrained cyanobacterial proliferation and O2 production during most of the Archean and therefore a long delay between the appearance of cyanobacteria and oxygenation of the atmosphere is to be expected. Destruction of O2 via CH4 oxidation in the atmosphere was a major O2 sink during the Archean, and the GOE is explained to a significant extent by a large decline in the methanogen population and corresponding CH4 flux which, in turn, was caused primarily by partial oxygenation of the surface ocean. The partially oxygenated state of these waters also made it possible for an aerobic methanotroph population to become established. This further contributed to the large reduction in the CH4 flux to the atmosphere by increasing the consumption of CH4 diffusing upwards from the deeper anoxic depths of the water column as well as any CH4 still being produced in the upper layer. The reduction in the CH4 flux lowered the CH4 oxidation sink for O2 at about the same time the metamorphic and volcanic gas sinks for O2 also declined. As the O2 source increased from an expanding population of cyanobacteria - triggered by a burst of continent formation ~ 2.7-2.4 Gyr ago - the atmosphere flipped and became permanently oxygenated.
Review Systolic ventricular ﬁlling

The evidence of the ventricular myocardial band (VMB) has revealed unavoidable coherence and mutual coupling of form and function in the ventricular myocardium, making it possible to understand the principles governing electrical, mechanical and energetical events within the human heart. From the earliest Erasistratus’ observations, principal mechanisms responsible for the ventricular ﬁlling have still remained obscured. Contemporary experimental and clinical investigations unequivocally support the attitude that only powerful suction force, developed by the normal ventricles, would be able to produce an efﬁcient ﬁlling of the ventricular cavities. The true origin and the precise time frame for generating such force are still controversial. theoretical backgrounds, which could be useful in understanding the phenomenon of the ventricular ﬁlling. Anatomy of the VMB, and recent proofs for its segmental electrical and mechanical activation, undoubtedly indicates that ventricular ﬁlling is the consequence of an active muscular contraction. Contraction of the ascendent segment of the VMB, with simultaneous shortening and rectifying of its ﬁbers, produces the paradoxical increase of the ventricular volume and lengthening of its long axis. Speciﬁc spatial arrangement of the ascendent segment ﬁbers, their interaction with adjacent descendent segment ﬁbers, elastic elements and intra-cavitary blood volume (hemoskeleton), explain the physical principles involved in this action. This contraction occurs during the last part of classical systole and the ﬁrst part of diastole. Therefore, the most important part of ventricular diastole (i.e. the rapid ﬁlling phase), in which it receives . 70% of the stroke volume, belongs to the active muscular contraction of the ascendent segment. We hope that these facts will give rise to new understanding of the principal mechanisms involved in normal and abnormal diastolic heart function.
Reliability of Clinical Aspect and Transaminases Level as aGuidance

Background: Although regular blood transfusion enhances the overall survival of thalassaemia patients, it have a significant threat of infection with transfusion-related infections, including hepatitis C; therefore, screening is mandatory. Routine screening with anti-hepatitis C Ab was recommended many years ago; sometimes they depend on level of liver enzymes. Objective: To evaluate the clinical and biochemical features of seropositive hepatitis C virus infection in multi-transfused β-thalassaemia patients to verify if they can be used as a guidance for screening. Patients and Methods: A retrospectivestudy done from June to September of 2014 at Thalassaemia Center in Baqubah city Diyala province Iraq. All registered βthalassaemia major and intermedia patients were included, involving adults. Enzyme linked immunosorbant assay was used to screen for hepatitis C virus. Symptoms, signs, and biochemical features, including liver transaminases level, of sero-positive patients were gathered and analyzed. Descriptive statistical analysis and Pearson chisquare test was appliedto analyze data by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software, version 16. Results: The total enrolled subjects were 215, male gender comprises 54.9% (n=118); most of the included patients were under 12 years old. The results indicate that 11.2%(n= 24) of multi-transfused βthalassaemia patients showed serological evidence of hepatitis C. The highest anti-HCV prevalence was observed at ≥ 18 years old patients (p value=.000). More than two third of cases were male gender (p value=.041), but the gender was not associated with positive serology for hepatitis C in the whole sample of the study (p value=.096). All anti-HCV positive patients were clinically asymptomatic; biochemically, 75% (n=18) of them had normal liver transaminases levels (p value=. 014). Conclusion: Asymptomatic clinical status and unreliable transaminases level elevation cannot be helpful as directory for screening, we encourage the continuation of the usual routine screening test by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay for hepatitis C in β-thalassemia patients; it is more crucial for an older patient.
POSITION REVIEW Odorant-Speciﬁc Modes of Signaling in Mammalian Olfaction

Odors play an important role in our quality of life and well being, a role that is compromised by the effect of disease, drugs, aging, and environmental onslaught on the olfactory epithelium (OE). Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in OE provide the primary input to the olfactory system, such that disruption of the cellular processes leading to the activation of the ORNs inevitably compromises olfactory function. The organization of the olfactory periphery in mammals is emerging to be more complex than originally thought. An often underappreciated aspect of that complexity is that odorants have 2 odorant-specific modes of signaling, that is, they inhibit as well as excite the ORNs. The ubiquity of this phenomenon across diverse animal species suggests that having opponent input into the olfactory system is fundamental to how olfaction works, yet in contrast to our canonical understanding of how odorants excite mammalian ORNs, our understanding of how odorants inhibit these cells is still unclear. Odorants potentially can inhibit ORNs through multiple not necessarily mutually exclusive mechanisms but compelling new data argue that phosphoinositide (PI) signaling at least in part mediates inhibitory odorant input to mammalian ORNs. The idea that inhibitory input is mediated through a distinct input pathway argues for the fundamental importance of inhibitory input to olfactory coding in mammals and identifies an additional possible cellular basis for olfactory dysfunction.
Automatic Control Point Generation for Satellite Image Registration

: Image registration is the process of spatially aligning two or more images of the same scene taken at different times, from different viewpoints, and/or by different sensors. In this process, two images (the base image and sensed image) are geometrically aligned in order to compare the difference between them. The key operation regarding automatic registration of satellite images is to generate an accurate set of control points and then apply a suitable transformation function to the pair of images to be registered. This paper proposes a fundamentally new approach to automatically generate the control points and based on these points, registration of satellite images is performed. After removing the outliers from the initially generated random set control points, a mapping function is generated as a hypothesis using the proposed method. Parameters of the mapping function are used in the transformation step to align the base image and sensed image. The sampling technique used in this paper is more efficient than the existing methods like RANSAC and LMedS.
Storage Schemes and Query Optimization Techniques for RDF Data

: With the rising interest in the semantic web, and the rapid proliferation of semantic data, there is an increasing need for efficient means of storing and querying data stored using the RDF data model. In this paper, the motivations for using RDF as a data model in relation to the semantic web are presented, following which, several popular available storage techniques for RDF data are described. Different proposed methods for optimizing queries on RDF datasets are also covered to illustrate the most recent state of the art in RDF data storage and query optimization techniques.
Growth is the Dynamic Confluence of Strategy, Entrepreneurship, and Values

The author has examined common growth beliefs and the U.S. Growth Model and finds no support for them in any area of business research. He offers instead the Organic Growth Index, the result of ten years of research by the Batten Institute at the Darden School. Six keys to organic growth are presented and above-average growth companies that remained successful are linked to an internal Growth System called Smart Growth. Excerpt UVA-S-0196 Rev. Jan. 2, 2013 Growth Is The Dynamic Confluence of Strategy, Entrepreneurship, AND Values The research on high-performance companies (defined as consistent above-average growth), both public and private, demonstrates that consistent value creation requires a focused strategy that is implemented through a mixture of entrepreneurial activities and exploiting activities enabled by an internal system characterized by values-based (ethical) leadership, culture, and policies. Growth research has demonstrated that growth is much more than a strategy. Growth happens when the right kind of leadership, internal environment, and processes come together to create a small-company-entrepreneurial soul in a large-company body. Growth requires experimental processes, an entrepreneurial mindset, iterative entrepreneurial learning, leadership that accepts entrepreneurial failures, and internal processes that mitigate the natural proclivities of human beings and organizations that inhibit growth. Growth is not a linear or reductionist process. It is a human process that is modeled better by biology and complexity theory than economics or physics. Growth is a change process that requires experimentation, learning, and taking measured risks that can result in mistakes and failures—that contravenes the purpose of an organization, which is to produce standardization, predictability, reliability, and consistency.
Cosmology as seen from Venice

The flat matter dominated Universe that dominated cosmological model building for much of the past 20 years does not correspond to the Universe in which we live. This has profound implications both for our understanding of dark matter, and also for our understanding of the future of the Universe. I review recent developments here and present best fits for the current, sometimes crazy, values of the major measured fundamental cosmological parameters. (Invited review talk, 9th International Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes, Venice, March 2001. Note: this is an updated version of an article prepared for the proceedings of IDM2000 in York, UK.)
Diabetes miles youth Australia

Background: Type 1 diabetes is a complex and demanding condition, which places a substantial behavioural and psychological burden on young people and their families. Around one-third of adolescents with type 1 diabetes need mental health support. Parents of a child with type 1 diabetes are also at increased risk of psychological distress. A better understanding of the motivators, behaviours and psychological well-being of young people with diabetes and their parents will inform improvement of resources for supporting self-management and reducing the burden of diabetes. The Diabetes MILES (Management and Impact for Long-term Empowerment and Success) Youth – Australia Study is the first large-scale, national survey of the impact of diabetes on the psychosocial outcomes of Australian adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents. Methods/design: The survey was web-based to enable a large-scale, national survey to be undertaken. Recruitment involved multiple strategies: postal invitations; articles in consumer magazines; advertising in diabetes clinics; social media (e.g. Facebook, Twitter). Recruitment began in August 2014 and the survey was available online for approximately 8 weeks. A total of 781 young people (aged 10 – 19 years) with type 1 diabetes and 826 parents completed the survey. Both genders, all ages within the relevant range, and all Australian states and territories were represented, although compared to the general Australian population of youth with type 1 diabetes, respondents were from a relatively advantaged socioeconomic background. Discussion: The online survey format was a successful and economical approach for engaging young people with type 1 diabetes and their parents. This rich quantitative and qualitative dataset focuses not only on diabetes management and healthcare access but also on important psychosocial factors (e.g. social support, general emotional well-being, and diabetes distress). Analysis of the Diabetes MILES Youth – Australia Study data is ongoing, and will provide further insights into the psychosocial problems facing young people with type 1 diabetes and their parents. These will inform future research and support services to meet the needs of young Australians with type 1 diabetes and their families.
Solid fuels for cooking and tobacco use and risk of major chronic liver disease mortality: a prospective cohort study of 0.5 million Chinese adults

Background: Harmful substances in solid fuel and tobacco smoke are believed to enter the bloodstream via inhalation and to be metabolized in the liver, leading to chronic liver damage. However, little is known about the independent and joint effects of solid fuel use and smoking on risks of chronic liver disease (CLD) mortality. Methods: During 2004–08, ~ 0.5 million adults aged 30–79 years were recruited from 10 areas across China. During a 10-year median follow-up, 2461 CLD deaths were recorded. Multivariable Cox regression yielded adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% conﬁdence intervals (CIs) for the individual associations of self-reported long-term cooking fuel and tobacco use with major CLD death. Results: Overall, 49% reported solid fuel use and 26% smoked regularly. Long-term solid fuel use for cooking and current smoking were associated with higher risks of CLD deaths, with adjusted HRs of 1.26 (95% CI, 1.02–1.56) and 1.28 (1.13–1.44), respectively. Compared with never-smoking clean fuel users, the HRs were 1.41 (1.10–1.82) in never-smoking solid fuel users, 1.55 (1.17–2.06) in regular-smoking clean fuel users and 1.71 (1.32–2.20) in regular-smoking solid fuels users. Individuals who had switched from solid to clean fuels (1.07, 0.90–1.29; for median 14 years) and ex-regular smokers who stopped for non-medical reasons (1.16, 0.95–1.43; for median 10 years) had no evidence of excess risk of CLD deaths compared with clean fuel users and never-regular smokers, respectively. Conclusions: Among Chinese adults, long-term solid fuel use for cooking and smoking were each independently associated with higher risks of CLD deaths. Individuals who had stopped using solid fuels or smoking had lower risks.
Managing real-time software projects : problems and issues

Abstract : Hard real-time systems are defined as those software systems in which the correctness of the system depends not only on the logical result of computation, but also on the time at which the results are produced. Hard real-time systems of interest to the Department of Defense (DoD) are tailored specifically to their applications, employ various degrees of fault-tolerance, and are typically embedded in larger systems. The process of design and development of these systems is often plagued with uncertainty, ambiguity, and inconsistency. This report examines problems and issues in managing real-time software projects.
Entry of Naive Resting B Cells That Affects the Dynamics of Cell Cycle RUNX1 Regulates a Transcription Program

RUNX1 is a transcription factor that plays key roles in hematopoietic development and in hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis. In this article, we report that RUNX1 regulates a gene expression program in naive mouse B cells that affects the dynamics of cell cycle entry in response to stimulation of the BCR. Conditional knockout of Runx1 in mouse resting B cells resulted in accelerated entry into S-phase after BCR engagement. Our results indicate that Runx1 regulates the cyclin D2 ( Ccnd2 ) gene, the immediate early genes Fosl2 , Atf3 , and Egr2 , and the Notch pathway gene Rbpj in mouse B cells, reducing the rate at which transcription of these genes increases after BCR stimulation. RUNX1 interacts with the chromatin remodeler SNF-2 (cid:1) related CREB-binding protein activator protein (SRCAP), recruiting it to promoter and enhancer regions of the Ccnd2 gene. BCR-mediated activation triggers switching between binding of RUNX1 and its paralog RUNX3 and between SRCAP and the switch/SNF remodeling complex member BRG1. Binding of BRG1 is increased at the Ccnd2 and Rbpj promoters in the Runx1 knockout cells after BCR stimulation. We also find that RUNX1 exerts positive or negative effects on a number of genes that affect the activation response of mouse resting B cells. These include Cd22 and Bank1 , which act as negative regulators of the BCR, and the IFN receptor subunit gene Ifnar1 . The hyperresponsiveness of the Runx1 knockout B cells to BCR stimulation and its role in regulating genes that are associated with immune regulation suggest that RUNX1 could be involved in regulating B cell tolerance.