Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microbiome response in an urban river system is dominated by seasonality over wastewater treatment upgrades

Microorganisms such as coliform-forming bacteria are commonly used to assess freshwater quality for drinking and recreational use. However, such organisms do not exist in isolation; they exist within the context of dynamic, interactive microbial communities which vary through space and time. Elucidating spatiotemporal microbial dynamics is imperative for discriminating robust community changes from ephemeral ecological trends, and for improving our overall understanding of the relationship between microbial communities and ecosystem health. We conducted a seven-year (2013-2019) microbial time-series investigation in the Chicago Area Waterways (CAWS): an urban river system which, in 2016, experienced substantial upgrades to disinfection processes at two wastewater reclamation plants (WRPs) that discharge into the CAWS and improved stormwater capture, to improve river water quality and reduce flooding. Using culture-independent and culture-dependent approaches, we compared CAWS microbial ecology before and after the intervention. Examinations of time-resolved beta distances between WRP-adjacent sites showed that community similarity measures were often consistent with the spatial orientation of site locations to one another and to the WRP outfalls. Fecal coliform results suggested that upgrades reduced coliform-associated bacteria in the effluent and the downstream river community. However, examinations of whole community changes through time suggest that the upgrades did little to affect overall riverine community dynamics, which instead were overwhelmingly driven by yearly patterns consistent with seasonality. Such results emphasize the dynamic nature of microbiomes in open environmental systems such as the CAWS, but also suggest that the seasonal oscillations remain consistent even when perturbed. Importance This study presents a systematic effort to combine 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing with traditional culture-based methods to evaluate the influence of treatment innovations and systems upgrades on the microbiome of the Chicago Area Waterway System, representing the longest and most comprehensive characterization of the microbiome of an urban waterway yet attempted. We found that the systems upgrades were successful in improving specific water quality measures immediately downstream of wastewater outflows. Additionally, we found that the implementation of the water quality improvement measures to the river system did not disrupt the overall dynamics of the downstream microbial community, which remained heavily influenced by seasonal trends.
A New CMOS Switch Linearization Technique For Multi-Site Measurement Applications

—This paper proposes a new linearization technique for high-performance switches, by actively controlling the switch voltage drop. This technique is suited for multi-site measurement applications which require a constant current for resistive sensor variation measurement, where other techniques such as bulk-switching or clock-bootstrapping are not the best choice. For NMOS, PMOS and CMOS switches, the proposed technique can achieve a reduction factor of the on-resistance variation of 15.8, 1.8 and 7.2, while supporting wide range input signals, and with minor area and power penalization if a multi-site measurement system is considered. The system is designed using AMS 0.35 (cid:22) m 3.3 V technology.
Bitcoin: Exchange Rate Parity, Risk Premium, and Arbitrage Stickiness

Bitcoin has two major roles: as currency and as financial asset. This paper attempts to address these roles: whether Bitcoin is a real currency, and what its financial features are. Using daily data of the exchange rates quoted from the world major Bitcoin dealer since the inception of Bitcoin and the spot market exchange rates, we calculate the triangle arbitrage asset price to decompose the features of this currency. The results suggest significant liquidity discount of Bitcoin and risk premium as a financial asset in terms of British Pound Sterling (2.46%) and Chinese Yuan (0.3%). There is idiosyncratic risk component associated with Bitcoin implied by the Granger causality tests. Bitcoin, as investment objectives instead of currency unit, is associated with excess risk and low returns. Such poor performance discourages investors to spend Bitcoin as currency and to pursue the arbitrage profit. Investors store and hold Bitcoin as fixed asset. In addition, both arbitrage stickiness and low Treynor ratio are persistent over time.
PNS1300097 342..347

The aims of this review paper are to provide an overview of the association of sodium intake with cardiovascular health, to identify sodium in our global food supply and to describe problems associated with assessment of dietary sodium intake. Excess sodium intake may contribute to the development of hypertension in some individuals, consequently increasing CVD risk. The average intake of sodium in populations around the world far exceeds the actual body’s needs. Processed and restaurant foods contribute the most dietary sodium for Americans and other populations worldwide. There is a worldwide focus on reducing sodium content of food products in an effort to reduce health related issues associated with excessive salt and sodium intake in individuals. In several countries, regulations have been introduced to lower the sodium content of foods. Manufacturers are complying with these regulations by formulating new products to meet these standards. However, the variability in food sodium content poses challenges to researchers to accurately assess dietary sodium intakes of individuals. There are differences in sodium content of foods in databases compared with nutritional information provided by manufacturers for the same food products. Variations also exist in restaurant foods, where values differ from those available on restaurant websites. Sodium may be either underestimated or overestimated; it is not always on target. Awareness of the variability among food products is crucial but capturing sodium content of every food in the market is not feasible. Whenever possible, updating databases is critical. In conclusion, it is not feasible to capture the sodium content of every food in the marketplace but being aware of these differences is essential to assessing actual sodium consumption. Since biological determinations are burdensome and impractical, it is imperative for researchers and other health professionals to participate in the development and implementation of tools to accurately assess sodium intake in individuals.
Specialising and intensifying cattle production for better eﬀiciency and less global warming: contrasting results for milk and meat co-production at different scales

scale, a broad diversity in feed efﬁciencies of cattle products is observed. Where both productions of milk per dairy cow and meat per head of cattle are low, the relationship between milk and meat efﬁciencies is positive. Improved management practices (feed, reproduction, health) increase the feed efﬁciency of both products. Where milk and meat productivities are high, a trade-off between feed efﬁciencies of milk and meat can be observed in relation to the share of meat produced in either the dairy sector or the beef sector. As a result, in developing countries, increasing productivities of both dairy and beef cattle herds will increase milk and meat efﬁciencies, reduce land use and decrease methane emissions. In other regions of the world, increasing meat production from young animals produced by dairy cows is probably a better option to reduce feed use for an unchanged milk-to-meat production ratio. (cid:1) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Animal Consortium. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
OF SOLID STATE

In the paper InAs spherical quantum dots in a GaAs matrix were investigated. The energies of electrons and holes in single-and multi-band models (with strong, weak, and intermediate spin-orbit interaction) were calculated taking into account both the deformation of the quantum-dot matrix and the polarization charges on the quantum dot surface. The dependence of the energy levels of electrons and holes on the radius of the quantum dot is considered. It is shown that the deformation effects are stronger than polarization for the electron. For holes those effects are opposites. The energies of electrons and holes have been compared in all approximation models
The XModeler ML A language engineering, modeling and execution environment

This paper presents the versatile language engineering, modeling, and execution environment XModeler ML . Starting with the motivation for developing the tool and a brief historical background, the underlying language engineering technology is presented. Subsequently, we give an overview of core concepts of the (meta) modeling language FMML x that is used for creating models and DSMLs with the XModeler ML . Finally, an outline of the components of the XModeler ML gives an impression of how to use the tool.
Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis

hotels registered with the Central Bureau of Statistics of West Sumatra Province. Our results demonstrate that human and structural capital do not significantly affect business performance. Meanwhile, relational capital and entrepreneurial orientation have a significant effect on the performance of the hotel business. The results of this study contribute to knowledge about the relationship of intellectual capital in the hotel business to improve business performance, especially in the current situation of the Covid-19 pandemic.
The Relation of Small Head Circumference and Thinness at Birth to Death from Cardiovascular Disease

A bridge for an electric string bass or other stringed musical instrument includes a base adapted for attachment to the body of the instrument and a number of saddles for individually supporting the strings, the saddles being adjustably movable to different positions relative to the base, in the direction along the length of the strings, to adjust the string intonation. The saddles may include piezoelectric elements for providing electrical signals and, in this case, the base may further include a covered recess for housing a plurality of volume controls each associated with a respective one of the strings. The saddles are designed and arranged on the base to support the strings with a given curvature matching that of the fret board and an adjustment means is provided for raising, lowering and/or tilting the base relative to the body to bring the strings into proper height adjustment relative to the frets. The bridge base also provides an easy-loading tailpiece for anchoring the adjacent ends of strings to the base and a housing for a mute mechanism located forwardly of the saddles.
A comparative genomics study of Staphylococcus epidermidis from orthopedic device- 1 related infections correlated with patient outcome.

Staphylococcus epidermidis has emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen causing 22 orthopedic device-related infections (ODRIs). This study investigated the association of 23 genome variation and phenotypic features of the infecting S. epidermidis isolate with the 24 clinical outcome of the infected patient. S. epidermidis isolates were collected from 104 25 patients with ODRI. Their clinical outcome was evaluated, after an average of 26 months, as 26 either "cured" or "not cured". The isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm 27 formation. Whole genome sequencing was performed on all isolates and genomic variation 28 was related to features associated with "cured" and "not cured". Strong biofilm formation and 29 aminoglycoside resistance were associated with a "not cured" outcome ( p = 0.031 and p < 30 0.001, respectively). Based on gene-by-gene analysis, some accessory genes were more 31 prevalent in isolates from the “not cured” group. These included: the biofilm-associated bhp 32 gene; the antiseptic resistance qacA gene, the cassette chromosome recombinase encoding 33 genes ccrA and ccrB and IS 256 -like transposase. This study identifies biofilm formation and 34 antibiotic resistance as associated with poor outcome in S. epidermidis ODRI. Whole genome 35 sequencing identified specific genes associated with a "not cured" outcome that should be 36 validated in future studies. 37
Additions to the elasmobranch fauna from the late cretaceous of New Jersey (lower navesink formation, early maastrichtian)

A recently discovered, almost complete specimen of a hybodont tooth, allows us to describe as a new species, fairly common, but usually fragmentary teeth in the Navesink Formation of New Jersey: Hybodus novojerseyensis nov. sp. Three additional taxa are also described : Heterodontus creamridgensis, Squalicorax sp. and Pseudocorax affinis which is noted for the fist time North America. The whole elasmobranch fauna of the Early Maastrichtian localities of New Jersey is reevaluated and several generic assignments are changed in comparison to the list previously published in 1975 (Capetta & Case).
ANALYSIS OF THE FLOOR PLAN DATASET WITH YOLO V5

A BSTRACT . This paper introduces the industrial problem, the solution, and the results of the research conducted with Define Inc. The client company wanted to improve the performance of an object detection model on the floor plan dataset. To solve the problem, we analyzed the operational principles, advantages, and disadvantages of the existing object detection model, identified the characteristics of the floor plan dataset, and proposed to use of YOLO v5 as an appropriate object detection model for training the dataset. We compared the performance of the existing model and the proposed model using mAP@60, and verified the object detection results with real test data, and found that the performance increase of mAP@60 was 0.08 higher with a 25% shorter inference time. We also found that the training time of the proposed YOLO v5 was 71% shorter than the existing model because it has a simpler structure. In this paper, we have shown that the object detection model for the floor plan dataset can achieve better performance while reducing the training time. We expect that it will be useful for solving other industrial problems related to object detection in the future. We also believe that this result can be extended to study object recognition in 3D floor plan dataset.
Holstein-The association between calf birth weight and the post-calving performance of its dairy dam in the absence of dystocia

The objective of the study was to quantify the association between the birth weight of a calf and subsequent performance of its dairy dam in the absence of any recorded calving assistance. A total of 11,592 lactation records from 4,549 spring-calving dairy cows were used. The association between a series of quantitative cow performance metrics (dependent variable) and calf birth weight (independent variable) was determined using linear mixed models; logistic regression was used where the dependent variable was binary. Nuisance factors in the models were calf sex, heterosis coefficient of both the cow and calf, dry period length immediately before the birth of the calf, cow age at calving relative to the median cow age per parity, breed proportion of the cow, cow live-weight between 100 and 200 d of lactation relative to the mean cow weight per parity, and contemporary group. Calf birth weight was included in the model as either a continuous or a categorical variable. Primiparous and multiparous cows were analyzed separately. Mean (SD) calf birth weight was 36.2 (6.8) kg. In primiparous cows, calf birth weight was associated with milk yield in the first 60 d of lactation, calving to first service interval, calving body weight (BW), and both nadir BW and body condition score (BCS). In multiparous cows, calf birth weight was associated with total milk, fat and protein yield in the first 60 and 305 d of lactation, peak milk yield, total milk solids, both calving and nadir BW, and BCS loss from calving to nadir. Relative to primiparous cows that gave birth to calves that were 34 – 37 kg (i.e., population mean), their contemporaries who gave birth to calves that were 15 – 29 kg produced 9.82 kg more milk in the first 60 d of lactation, had a 2-d shorter interval to first service, and were 8.08 kg and 5.51 kg lighter at calving and nadir BW, respectively; the former was also 0.05 units lower BCS (scale 1 [thin] to 5[fat]) at nadir. Relative to multiparous cows that gave birth to calves that were 34 – 37 kg birth weight, multiparous cows that gave birth to calves that were 15 – 29 kg yielded 59.63 kg, 2.44 kg and 1.76 kg less milk, fat and protein, respectively, in the first 60 d of lactation, produced 17.69 kg less milk solids throughout the 305-d lactation, and were also 10.49 kg lighter at nadir and lost 0.01 units more BCS to nadir. In a separate series of analyses, sire breed was added to the model as a fixed effect with and without calf birth weight. When calf birth weight was not adjusted for, 60-d milk yield for multiparous cows who gave birth to calves sired by a traditional beef breed (i.e., Angus, Hereford) produced 59.63 kg more than multiparous cows who gave birth to calves sired by a Holstein-Friesian. Hence, calf birth weight is associated with some subsequent dam performance measures albeit, where associations do exit, the effect is biologically small.
Data-Enhanced Design: Engaging Designers in Exploratory Sensemaking with Multimodal Data

Research in the wild can reveal human behaviors, contexts, and needs around products that are difficult to observe in the lab. Telemetry data from the use of physical products can help facilitate in the wild research, in particular by suggesting hypotheses that can be explored through machine learning models. This paper explores ways for designers without strong data skills to engage with multimodal data to develop a contextual understanding of product use. This study is framed around a lightweight version of a data enhanced design research process where multimodal telemetry data was captured by a GoPro camera attached to a bicycle. This was combined with the video data and conversation with the rider to carry out an exploratory sensemaking process and generate design research questions that could potentially be addressed through data capture, annotation, and machine learning. We identify a range of ways that designers could make use of the data for ideation and developing context through annotating and exploring the data. Participants used data and annotation practices to connect the micro and macro, spot interesting moments, and frame questions around an unfamiliar problem. The work follows the designers’ questions, methods, and explorations, both immediate concerns and speculations about working at larger scales with machine learning models. This points to the possibility of tools that help designers to engage with machine learning, not just for optimization and refinement, but for creative ideation in the early stages of design processes.
Careful Curation of Care Content: A Case Study of a Technology-Supported Atrial Fibrillation Outpatient Clinic

Kelly & Barker, 2016). To cater to better patient engagement and experience, health organizations seek to personalize patient experiences and embed sensing technology for more accurate treatment and diagnosis (Dinh-Le et al., 2019). In this quest for more predictive, precise, preventive, and personalized healthcare (Flores et al., 2013), healthcare designers are looking for ways to bridge gaps between the various
Assessing Biogeochemical Process in Dryland Ecosystems: Potential Impacts of Climate Change

Author(s): Dintwe, Kebonyethata | Advisor(s): Okin, Gregory | Abstract: Drylands are drought-prone biomes in which precipitation is less than the potential evapotranspiration for the whole year, or for the most part of it. They include grasslands, shrublands, savannas, Mediterranean and deserts. Drylands cover 6.3 billion hectares (Bha) or 47% of the earth’s land surface, and are home to 30% of the global human population. Collectively, drylands highly productive, contributing 30% of the global net primary productivity. Although dryland soils contain low organic carbon at local scale, globally they contain 20% of the global soil organic carbon. Furthermore, dryland are fire-prone ecosystems, with more than 80% of global wildfires occurring in drylands. The biogeochemical processes, such as soil carbon sequestration and fire regime are highly regulated by precipitation, and to some extent surface temperature. Climate models, on the other hand, show that drylands would experience a decrease in mean annual precipitation, and an increase in surface temperature. The secondary effects of climate change include frequent extreme weather events such as strong winds, lighting and droughts. The predicted climate change and associated secondary effects are likely to alter and modify biogeochemical processes in drylands, a process that could lead drylands to become either net carbon source or sink depending on the magnitude of climate change. In light of the relationship between climate change and dryland functions, it is imperative to assess and evaluate the magnitude of the potential impacts of climate change in biogeochemical processes in drylands.
), a serious pest of the European honey bee

BACKGROUND: Aethina tumida is a serious pest of the European honey bee ( Apis mellifera ) in North America and Australia. Here we investigate whether Laccase 2 , phenoloxidase gene essential for cuticle sclerotization and pigmentation in many insects, and vacuolar -ATPase V-type subunit A, vital for the generation of proton gradients used to drive a range of transport processes , could be potential targets for RNAi-mediated control of A. tumida . RESULTS: Injection of V-ATPase subunit A (5 ng) and Laccase 2 (12.5 ng) dsRNAs resulted in 100 % larval mortality, qPCR confirmed significant decreases and enhanced suppression of transcript levels over time. Oral delivery of V-ATPase subunit A dsRNA in solutions resulted in 50 % mortality, however gene suppression could not be verified. We suggest that the inconsistent RNAi effect was a consequence of dsRNA degradation within the gut due to
Temporary stratiﬁcation promotes large greenhouse gas emissions in a shallow eutrophic lake

Shallow lakes and ponds undergo frequent temporary thermal stratiﬁcation. How this affects greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is moot, with both increased and reduced GHG emissions hypothesised. Here, weekly estimations of GHG emissions, over the growing season from May to September, were combined with temperature and oxygen proﬁles of an 11 ha temperate shallow lake to investigate how thermal stratiﬁcation shapes GHG emissions. There were three main stratiﬁcation periods with profound anoxia occurring in the bottom waters upon isolation from the atmosphere. Average diffusive emissions of methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) were larger and more variable in the stratiﬁed phase, whereas carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) was on average lower, though these differences were not statistically signiﬁcant. In contrast, there was a signiﬁcant order of magnitude increase in CH 4 ebullition in the stratiﬁed phase. Furthermore, at the end of the period of stratiﬁcation, there was a large efﬂux of CH 4 and CO 2 as the lake mixed. Two relatively isolated turnover events were estimated to have released the majority of the CH 4 emitted between May and September. These results demonstrate how stratiﬁcation patterns can shape GHG emissions and highlight the role of turnover emissions and the need for high-frequency measurements of GHG emissions, which are required to accurately characterise emissions, particularly from temporarily stratifying lakes.