Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of Bus Crowding Coefficient Based on Passenger Flow Forecasting

To improve bus passengers’ degree of comfort, it is necessary to determine the real-time crowd coefficient in the bus. With this concern, this paper employed the RBF Neural Networks approach to predict the number of passengers in the bus based on historical data. To minimize the impact of the randomness of passenger flow on the determination of bus crowd coefficient, a cloud model-based bus crowd coefficient identification method was proposed. This paper first selected the performance measurements for determining bus crowd coefficient and calculated the digital characteristics of the cloud model based on the boundary values of the selected performance measures under six Levels-of-Service (LOSs). Then the subclouds obtained under the six LOSs were synthesized into a standard cloud. According to the predicted number of passengers in the bus, the passenger density and loading frequency were calculated, which were imported into the cloud generator to set up the bus crowd coefficient identification model. By calculating the crowd degrees of identification cloud and template cloud at each site, this paper determined the crowed coefficient of each bus station. Finally, this paper took the bus line No. 10 in Dalian city as case study to verify the proposed model. It was found that the crowd coefficients of the selected route ranged from 60.265 to 109.825, and the corresponding LOSs ranged between C and F. The method of discriminating bus crowding coefficient can not only effectively determine the congestion coefficient, but also effectively avoid the fuzziness and randomness of the crowding coefficient judgment in the bus, which has strong theoretical and practical significance.
Characteristics of optical fiber refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon resonance

A refractive index optical fiber sensor based on surface plasmon resonance technology is demonstrated. The sensing device is a multimode optical fiber in which half of the core is polished away and a thin‐film layer of gold is deposited. We measure the spectrum‐difference variations and the resonance wavelength shifts for different refractive index solutions. In terms of the experimental data, the characteristics including resolution, sensitivity, and signal‐to‐noise ratio for the sensor are obtained. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:574–576, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27397
Challenges of Agitation in Dementia: A Plea for Early Discussion

Abstract Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) occur frequently among people with dementia and are known precipitants for placement in care facilities. Despite the social, financial, and psychological impact on dementia care, education and discussions on BPSD have not been routinely included in advance care planning (ACP). As a result, families can face great challenges in making complex medical decisions when their loved ones are admitted to the geriatric psychiatric inpatient unit with refractory BPSD. We present the case of an 83-year-old gentleman with BPSD to illustrate universal struggles in dementia care experienced by many families, which could have been alleviated by education and discussions around BPSD earlier in the patient’s dementia course. A literature search did not yield any articles that mention discussions of BPSD in ACP. The lack of literature referencing BPSD in ACP supports our clinical experiences with the case and highlights the need for improvement in current dementia care. We propose a guideline for providers to facilitate conversations around BPSD as an integral part of ACP, including discussions of four key points related to the progressive nature of dementia, the commonality of BPSD, the lack of FDA-approved treatment for BPSD, and the difficulty in balancing agitation and sedation to allow safe placement. We firmly believe it is important to start discussion on BPSD as part of ACP as early as possible. Early education and discussion will help to facilitate meaningful care decisions as patients and families navigate the challenges associated with this progressive disease.
The Partition of Unity Method

A new finite element method is presented that features the ability to include in the finite element space knowledge about the partial differential equation being solved. This new method can therefore be more efficient than the usual finite element methods. An additional feature of the partition-of-unity method is that finite element spaces of any desired regularity can be constructed very easily. This paper includes a convergence proof of this method and illustrates its efficiency by an application to the Helmholtz equation for high wave numbers. The basic estimates for a posteriori error estimation for this new method are also proved. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant Plus Prompt Grid Laser for Macular Edema Due to Retinal Vein Occlusion

Purpose: To evaluate the use ofintravitreal dexamethasone implant followed by prompt grid laser for macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Methods: Prospective, non-controlled, 12-month interventional case series of fifteen patients with vision loss due to macular edema secondary to RVO. Patients received an intravitreal injection with a 0.7 mg dexamethasone implant followed by prompt macular grid laser within 2 -4 weeks. Retreatment was offered in 3 -month intervals. Primary outcome measures were change in mean logMAR best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) at 12 months. Secondary outcome was safety at 12
Bilinear discriminant feature line analysis for image feature extraction

A novel bilinear discriminant feature line analysis (BDFLA) is proposed for image feature extraction. The nearest feature line (NFL) is a powerful classifier. Some NFL-based subspace algorithms were introduced recently. In most of the classical NFL-based subspace learning approaches, the input samples are vectors. For image classification tasks, the image samples should be transformed to vectors first. This process induces a high computational complexity and may also lead to loss of the geometric feature of samples. The proposed BDFLA is a matrix-based algorithm. It aims to minimise the within-class scatter and maximise the between-class scatter based on a two-dimensional (2D) NFL. Experimental results on two-image databases confirm the effectiveness.
Electron-phonon interactions in bilayer graphene

K. M. Borysenko, J. T. Mullen, X. Li, Y. G. Semenov, J. M. Zavada, M. Buongiorno Nardelli, 3 and K. W. Kim Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7911 Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8202 CSMD, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 Abstract Using calculations from first principles, we demonstrate that intrinsic carrier-phonon scattering in bilayer graphene is dominated by low energy acoustic (and acoustic-like) phonon modes in a framework that bears more resemblance with bulk graphite than monolayer graphene. The total scattering rate at low/moderate electron energies can be described by a simple two-phonon model in the deformation potential approximation with effective constants Dac ≈ 15 eV and Dop ≈ 2.8 × 108 eV/cm for acoustic and optical phonons, respectively. With much enhanced acoustic phonon scattering, the low field mobility of intrinsic bilayer graphene is estimated to be significantly smaller than that of the monolayer: μ = 8.4× 104 cm2/V·s
Observers for discrete singular systems

The author considers the design of observers for the discrete singular system Ex(k+1)=Ax(k)+Bu(k), y(k)=Cx(k), placing special emphasis on the problems of state reconstruction and minimal-time state reconstruction. It is shown that for a singular system, finite poles can be moved to infinity by state feedback and the state can be reconstructed by causal observers. >
Transition-flow-occurrence estimation : a new method

There is a current need for a simple and effective way for determining the transition onset and transition extent on a solid surface in a general CFD solver, in order to include the transition effects in the aerodynamic coefficients calculation. The present paper propose a new method for estimating the transition onset and extent based on the temporal variation of the skin friction coefficient and the flow vorticity at the wall. The method consists in two steps: in the first step an unsteady Navier-Stokes simulation is performed around the aerodynamical configuration, in this step the skin friction and vorticity at the wall are recorded, this two parameters are used for determining the transition onset and transition length. In a second step of the method the computational grid is split in three regions: a laminar, a transition and a turbulent region; and a new simulation is done on this zonal mesh using the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes. In order to coupling the transition region with the laminar and turbulent regions a linear intermittency function is used that multiplies the turbulent part of the viscosity. The intermittency function is zero in the laminar region and one in the turbulent region. The presented method is further validated with experimental data from literature; it is shown that the relative error in the drag coefficient calculated with the present method is lower than 8%, when a fully-turbulent simulation can introduce errors up to 50%.
Nonequilibrium supercurrent in a mesoscopic four-terminal triplet Josephson junction

We investigate theoretically the nonequilibrium (NE) supercurrent flowing in a mesoscopic four-terminal triplet superconductor (TS)/normal metal (N)/triplet superconductor junction, of which the N region is a quantum dot (QD) connected via tunnel barriers to the two TS electrodes and two N electrodes, respectively. We find that both the charge and spin triplet supercurrents could be rapidly suppressed and even reversed by increasing the dc voltage applied across the two N electrodes because of the nonthermal electron energy distribution in the dot, similar to the singlet NE supercurrent in an s-wave superconductor system. The reversed NE triplet supercurrent almost vanishes when the bias equals the TS pair potential as long as the coupling between the N electrodes and the QD is not too weak. This arises from the zero-energy states of the TS Josephson junction making the current-carrying density of states vanish nearly outside the energy gap. It is also shown that in this nonmagnetic system the currents flowing in the N electrodes are spin-polarized and can be modulated by the TS phases owing to the quantum interference effect.
Transportation of a microwave environment over networks and the applications

The concept of the transportation of a microwave environment over networks using a digitized Radio-on-Fibre (DRoF) technique as well as the concept of in-network microwave processing, which could make the concept of "wired and wireless network virtualization" into a reality, is discussed. The new applications to a radio-on-demand service (RoD), software-defined radio-aware network (SDRAN), and microwave environments cloud are introduced. 10-Gbps Ethernet based microwave-to-network interface converter (MiNIC) are developed and the transportation of multiple digital TV broadcasting signals is demonstrated. It is shown that the MiNIC should use more than 8-bits resolution in digitization of a microwave environment when 7 channels of TV signals are included in it. The concept of remote microwave environments observation over networks is demonstrated, where the frequency channel and received signal strength indication (RSSI) of the detected digital TV broadcasting signals are remotely monitored.
ATTRACTORS IN SONG

This paper summarizes our recent attempts to integrate action and perception within a single optimization framework. We start with a statistical formulation of Helmholtz's ideas about neural energy to furnish a model of perceptual inference and learning that can explain a remarkable range of neurobiological facts. Using constructs from statistical physics it can be shown that the problems of inferring the causes of our sensory inputs and learning regularities in the sensorium can be resolved using exactly the same principles. Furthermore, inference and learning can proceed in a biologically plausible fashion. The ensuing scheme rests on Empirical Bayes and hierarchical models of how sensory information is generated. The use of hierarchical models enables the brain to construct prior expectations in a dynamic and context-sensitive fashion. This scheme provides a principled way to understand many aspects of the brain's organization and responses. We will demonstrate the brain-like dynamics that this scheme entails by using models of birdsongs that are based on chaotic attractors with autonomous dynamics. This provides a nice example of how non-linear dynamics can be exploited by the brain to represent and predict dynamics in the environment.
Focusing properties of a microwave radiator utilizing a slotted rectangular waveguide

A microwave radiator, utilizing a slotted rectangular waveguide that is bent into an equiangular spiral, for focusing leaky microwaves radiated from a continuous longitudinal slot is presented. The radiation fields near the focus are derived by setting up a magnetic current on the slot. Some of the fundamental focusing properties of this spiral slotted rectangular waveguide (SSRW) radiator, such as the radiated power distribution and the phase behavior near the focus, are also discussed numerically. The power distribution near the focus in the form of intensity contours is compared with preliminary measurement of the prototype operating at 10 GHz. >
Absorption enhancement in solar cells by localized plasmon polaritons

By means of a rigorous diffraction theory, we investigate the possibility to enhance the absorption in solar cells by employing localized plasmon polaritons excited in metallic nanowires. The solar cells are assumed to be made of amorphous silicon. We identify two reasons for increased absorption; namely, the giant near-field enhancement and the enhanced scattering cross section upon exciting localized plasmon polaritons. It will be shown that by a careful and rational adjustment of the system parameters an enhancement in the number of absorbed photons from the solar spectrum up to a factor of 1.6 is feasible.
A kinetic-theory based first order slip boundary condition for gas flow

In this paper, a first-order slip boundary condition is derived using the Chapman-Enskog solution of the Boltzmann equation. In comparison with the existing slip models such as first, second, and 1.5-order slip models, the Poiseuille flow rate predicted by the new slip model shows better agreement with that calculated by the linearized Boltzmann equation. The slip boundary condition is also applied to predict the pressure field in gas lubrication problems.
Influence measure in maximum likelihood estimate for models of lifetime data

We use the local influence approach to develop influence measures for identifying observations that strike a disproportionate effect on the maximum likelihood estimate of parameters in models for lifetime data. The proposed method for developing influence measures can be applied to a wide variety of models and we use the exponential model to illustrate the details. In particular, we show that the proposed measure is equivalent to the martingale residual under the exponential model.
Robust H∞ filtering for a class of Markovian jump systems with time‐varying delays based on delta operator approach

In this paper, the robust H∞ filtering problem for a class of discrete Markovian jump systems with time‐varying delays and linear fractional uncertainties is investigated based on delta operator approach. Based on Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional in delta domain, new delay‐dependent sufficient conditions for the solvability of this problem are presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). When these LMIs are feasible, an explicit expression of a desired jump H∞ filter is given. The proposed method can unify some previous related continuous and discrete systems into the delta operator systems framework. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed techniques.
ON THE MODELLING OF FRICTION OSCILLATORS

Abstract In the present paper the dynamics of a non-smooth friction oscillator under self-and external excitation are investigated. The rich bifurcational behaviour predicted by numerical simulations is compared to experimental results. In order to predict the period and amplitude of the friction induced vibrations, the friction force can be modelled by means of friction characteristics. A more detailed look at the non-smooth transition points of the trajectories shows that an extension of the friction model is necessary. For that purpose a bristle model, a friction contact with tangential stiffness and damping and a stochastic friction model are investigated.
Integrally gated carbon nanotube-on-post field emitter arrays

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes were grown using chemical vapor deposition on the tops of blunt vertical silicon posts in cells having a horizontal gate aperture of conventional field emitter design. We obtained over 1 mA total emission current from a single array, or 0.3 μA per cell at 40 V. In addition to the low voltage operation, the most distinctive differences from conventional field emitter arrays include their stability and the lack of catastrophic arcing without any special sample preparation.
Characteristic functions and the aberrations of symmetric optical systems. I. Transverse aberrations when the eikonal is given

We describe the transverse aberrations of a symmetric optical system with a given eikonal (angle characteristic function). The aberrations are expressed in the coordinates of the image field and the pupil parameters according to Schwarzschild. Conditions for freedom from aberrations and for aberrations in the focal plane are considered. We show how the transverse aberrations up to the ninth order can be calculated from eikonal coefficients; we give the conditions under which the eikonal coefficients are identical to the aberration coefficients.
Self-organized growth of high density magnetic Co nanodot arrays on a Moiré template

We report the self-organized growth of cobalt nanodot arrays using a Gd-Au Moire superlattice as a template. After analyzing the influence of the Co flux and the substrate temperature, we obtain the suitable parameters to maximize nanodot density, homogeneity, and individual size. Depending on the growth conditions an areal density of up to 54 Teradots/inch2 can be achieved. Below the limit of lateral coalescence, independent nanodots made of ∼1000 Co atoms exhibit room temperature remanent magnetization.
Indium tin oxide contacts to gallium nitride optoelectronic devices

We have fabricated GaN-based light-emitting diodes using transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) p contacts. ITO-contacted devices required an additional 2 V to drive 10 mA, as compared to similar devices with metal contacts. However, ITO has lower optical absorption at 420 nm (α=664 cm−1) than commonly used thin metal films (α=3×105 cm−1). Uniform luminescence was observed in ITO-contacted devices, indicating effective hole injection and current spreading.
Two‐color infrared photodetector using GaAs/AlGaAs and strained InGaAs/AlGaAs multiquantum wells

A two‐color infrared detector using GaAs/AlGaAs and strained InGaAs/AlGaAs multiquantum wells is demonstrated. The response peak of the GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well is at 8 μm, and that of the InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum well is at 5.3 μm. The responsivity of the detector is 1 A/W at 8 μm and 0.27 A/W at 5.3 μm; these are the best values reported for a two‐color quantum well infrared detectors (QWIPs) with peak sensitivities in the spectral regions of 3–5.3 μm and 7.5–14 μm. Single‐colored 5.3 and 8 μm QWIPs were also fabricated to study the bias dependent behavior. This behavior can be explained using the concept of current continuity. Because of a higher electrical resistance, a high electric field domain is always formed first in the shorter wavelength quantum well stack.
A family of tests for trend change in mean residual life

The problem of trend change in the mean residual life of a life distribution is of interest in the field of reliability. In this paper, we propose a family of test statistics for testing whether or not the mean residual life changes its trend when both uncensored and censored data are utilized. The asymptotic normality of the test statistics is established. The proposed tests are compared with previously known tests by Monte Carlo experiment. An example is given for the illustrative purpose.
Gf-values for singly ionized lanthanum based on a new calibration of NBS Monograph 145 intensities

Oscillator strengths and transition probabilities for La n are computed using a Hartree-plus-statistical-exchange-interaction approximation to the standard Hartree-Fock procedure. Relativistic and electron correlation corrections are included, and configuration interactions involving all reliably established La n electron configurations are considered. Leading eigenvector percentages for the 5d6d and 5d7s configurations are reported here for the first time. Criteria are developed and applied for selecting the more reliable calculated oscillator strengths. A set of 70 such values is used to calibrate Monograph 145 intensities to produce moderately accurate gf-values. Comparison of an initial two-parameter fit to an equation of the form log (gf) -log (/145). , 3) = c 1 + C2 Eupper (for Eupper in cm -1) with beam-laser lifetime measurements shows the resulting log (gf) values to be systematically too large by about 0.26. The reason for this discrepancy is not entirely understood, but it is likely to be due at least in part to the incomplete treatment of core polarization effects in our calculations. Modification of the original calibration in the light of the experi mental lifetime data yields the following recommended values for the fitting parameters: c 1 = -16.503 and C2 = 7.752 X 10- 5• Log(gf) values computed for Lan lines using this calibration of the Monograph 145 intensities should be accurate to about ± 0.20 dex over the energy range 0 to - 70 000 cm -1. The predictions of this formula are in good agreement with published astrophysical log (gf) values for 34 La n features in the solar spectrum longward of - 4300 A, and yield a mean difference (and standard deviation) of - 0.07 ± 0.30.