Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Mode of Action of β-Amyrin Promotes Apoptosis-Like Death in Escherichia coli by Producing Reactive Oxygen Species

β-Amyrin is a pentacyclic triterpene widely distributed in leaves and stems worldwide. The ability of β-amyrin to induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in microorganisms suggests its potential as an antimicrobial agent. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the antibacterial mode of action of β-amyrin. We treated Escherichia coli cells with β-amyrin and found that it triggered ROS accumulation. Excessive stress caused by ROS, particularly hydroxyl radicals, induces glutathione (GSH) dysfunction. GSH protects cells from oxidative and osmotic stresses; thus, its dysfunction leads to membrane depolarization. The resultant change in membrane potential leads to the release of apoptotic proteins, such as caspases. The activated caspases-like protein promotes the cleavage of DNA into single strands, which is a hallmark of apoptosis-like death in bacteria. Apoptotic cells usually undergo events such as DNA fragmentation and phosphatidylserine exposure, differentiating them from necrotic cells, and the cells treated with β-amyrin in this study were positive for annexin V and negative for propidium iodide, indicating apoptosis-like death. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the antibacterial mode of action of β-amyrin involves the induction of ROS, which resulted in apoptosis-like death in E. coli.
Monitoring of stress corrosion cracking in stainless steel weldments by acoustic and electrochemical measurements

A new hybrid monitoring technique for chloride stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is proposed. It uses both the acoustic emission (AE) and corrosion potential fluctuation (CPF) techniques. This paper discusses the results of SCC tests on butt-welded Type 304 stainless steel pipes. The weld pipe suffered transgranular (TG)-SCC in a concentrated magnesium chloride solution (40 mass%), but suffered intergranular (IG) attack and falling-off of grains in a heat-affected zone (HAZ) in a dilute chloride solution (35 mass%). SCC initiations in both concentrated and dilute corrodants were successfully monitored using a CPF technique. However, the CPF technique could not monitor the propagation of the SCC. This propagation could be detected using an AE technique. Secondary AE was produced by hydrogen gas evolution and by the cracking of corrosion products, and the primary AE was produced by the falling-off of grains due to the mutual actions of anodic dissolution and the mechanical fracture along a chromium-depleted zone in the grain boundary. The volume of metal loss by the dissolution was predicted from the local anodic current due to the fluctuation of the corrosion potential, and was found to correspond to the volume of the grain boundary attack. The fact that the primary AE was detected just after rapid drop (RD)-type CPF suggested that the grain boundary corrosion caused the falling-off of the grain that produced the primary AE.
Neurotechnology’s Prospects for Bringing About Meaningful Reductions in Neurological Impairment

Here we report and comment on the magnitudes of post-stroke impairment reduction currently observed using new neurotechnologies. We argue that neurotechnology’s best use case is impairment reduction as this is neither the primary strength nor main goal of conventional rehabilitation, which is better at targeting the activity and participation levels of the ICF. The neurotechnologies discussed here can be divided into those that seek to be adjuncts for enhancing conventional rehabilitation, and those that seek to introduce a novel behavioral intervention altogether. Examples of the former include invasive and non-invasive brain stimulation. Examples of the latter include robotics and some forms of serious gaming. We argue that motor learning and training-related recovery are conceptually and mechanistically distinct. Based on our survey of recent results, we conclude that large reductions in impairment will need to begin with novel forms of high dose and high intensity behavioral intervention that are qualitatively different to conventional rehabilitation. Adjunct forms of neurotechnology, if they are going to be effective, will need to piggyback on these new behavioral interventions.
Prey‐mediated effects of mCry51Aa2‐producing cotton on the predatory nontarget bug Orius majusculus (Reuter)

Genetically engineered (GE) cotton, MON 88702, is protected against certain sucking pests, such as plant bugs and thrips, by producing mCry51Aa2, a modified protein from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Predatory pirate bugs (Orius spp.), natural enemies contributing to biological pest control, are also sensitive to the insecticidal protein when exposed continuously to high concentrations.
Chandra X-Ray Observations of G11.2–0.3: Implications for Pulsar Ages

We present Chandra X-Ray Observatory imaging observations of the young Galactic supernova remnant G11.2-0.3. The image shows that the previously known young 65 ms X-ray pulsar is at position (J2000) R.A. 18h11m29. ˢ22, decl. -19°25'27. ″6, with 1 σ error radius of 0. ″6. This is within 8'' of the geometric center of the shell. This provides strong confirming evidence that the system is younger, by a factor of ~12, than the characteristic age of the pulsar. The age discrepancy suggests that pulsar characteristic ages can be poor age estimators for young pulsars. Assuming conventional spin-down with constant magnetic field and braking index, the most likely explanation for the age discrepancy in G11.2-0.3 is that the pulsar was born with a spin period of ~62 ms. The Chandra image also reveals, for the first time, the morphology of the pulsar wind nebula. The elongated hard X-ray structure can be interpreted as either a jet or a Crab-like torus seen edge-on. This adds to the growing list of highly aspherical pulsar wind nebulae and argues that such structures are common around young pulsars.
Extragalactic Searches for Dark Matter Annihilation

We are at the dawn of a data-driven era in astrophysics and cosmology. A large number of ongoing and forthcoming experiments combined with an increasingly open approach to data availability offer great potential in unlocking some of the deepest mysteries of the Universe. Among these is understanding the nature of dark matter (DM)---one of the major unsolved problems in particle physics. Characterizing DM through its astrophysical signatures will require a robust understanding of its distribution in the sky and the use of novel statistical methods. The first part of this thesis describes the implementation of a novel statistical technique which leverages the "clumpiness" of photons originating from point sources (PSs) to derive the properties of PS populations hidden in astrophysical datasets. This is applied to data from the Fermi satellite at high latitudes ($|b| > 30$°) to characterize the contribution of PSs of extragalactic origin. We find that the majority of extragalactic gamma-ray emission can be ascribed to unresolved PSs having properties consistent with known sources such as active galactic nuclei. This leaves considerably less room for significant dark matter contribution. The second part of this thesis poses the question: "what is the best way to look for annihilating dark matter in extragalactic sources? " and attempts to answer it by constructing a pipeline to robustly map out the distribution of dark matter outside the Milky Way using galaxy group catalogs. This framework is then applied to Fermi data and existing group catalogs to search for annihilating dark matter in extragalactic galaxies and clusters.
Why is conducting pragmatic clinical trials so important?

1. Methods in Epidemiologic, Clinical, and Operations Research-MECOR-program, American Thoracic Society/Asociación Latinoamericana del Tórax, Montevideo, Uruguay. 2. INFANT Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 3. Divisão de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil. 4. Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (CA) USA. PRACTICAL SCENARIO
A coarse-grained field theory for density fluctuations and correlation functions of galaxies and clusters

Aims. We aim to investigate the large-scale structure of the universe from a field-theoretical perspective, and to give a unifying understanding of several seemingly unrelated observed features of clusterings of galaxies and clusters, such as the dependence of clustering amplitude on mass and luminosity, the departure of the correlation function $\xi(r)$ from the power law $\propto$$(r_0/r)^{1.7}$, the oscillatory behavior of $\xi_{\rm cc}(r)$ for clusters on very large scales, and the scaling of r 0 with the mean separation d of clusters. Methods. We present a coarse-grained field theory of density fluctuations for a Newtonian self-gravitating many-body system, apply it to a homogeneous Universe with small density fluctuations, and uniformly treat the clustering of all types of galactic objects in terms of the field of density fluctuations. Results. The Jeans length $\lambda_0$, a unique physical scale for a gravitating system, appears naturally as the characteristic scale underlying the large-scale structure. Under a Gaussian approximation the analytic expressions of $\xi(r)$ and $P(k)$ are obtained. The correlation amplitude is proportional to the galactic mass, $\xi(r)\propto m$, and $\xi(r)$ departures from the power law $(r_0/r)^{1.7}$ around $r\sim 20$ h -1 Mpc, and is oscillating over large scales ~100 h -1 Mpc and damped to zero. The spectrum amplitude is inversely proportional to the galactic number density, $P(k)\propto 1/n$, and $P(k) \propto k^{ -2.2}$ in the range $k \simeq (0.05\sim 0.3)$ h Mpc -1 . The scaling $r_0 \propto d^{0.3\sim 0.5}$ holds quantitatively. Conclusions. These preliminary analytic results under the Gaussian approximation already qualitatively explain these pronounced features of the observed large-scale structures. Yet on small scales the predicted clustering is insufficient, and the peak of $P(k)$ is too sharp. These deficiencies are due to neglecting higher order nonlinear effects, which need to be studied further.
The Binary Neutron Star Event LIGO/Virgo GW170817 160 Days after Merger: Synchrotron Emission across the Electromagnetic Spectrum

We report deep Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO), Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and Karl J. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) observations of the binary neutron star event GW170817 at t < 160 days after merger. These observations show that GW170817 has been steadily brightening with time and might have now reached its peak, and constrain the emission process as non-thermal synchrotron emission where the cooling frequency νc is above the X-ray band and the synchrotron frequency νm is below the radio band. The very simple power-law spectrum extending for eight orders of magnitude in frequency enables the most precise measurement of the index p of the distribution of non-thermal relativistic electrons accelerated by a shock launched by a neutron star (NS)–NS merger to date. We find p = 2.17 ± 0.01, which indicates that radiation from ejecta with Γ ∼ 3–10 dominates the observed emission. While constraining the nature of the emission process, these observations do not constrain the nature of the relativistic ejecta. We employ simulations of explosive outflows launched in NS ejecta clouds to show that the spectral and temporal evolution of the non-thermal emission from GW170817 is consistent with both emission from radially stratified quasi-spherical ejecta traveling at mildly relativistic speeds, and emission from off-axis collimated ejecta characterized by a narrow cone of ultra-relativistic material with slower wings extending to larger angles. In the latter scenario, GW170817 harbored a normal short gamma-ray burst (SGRB) directed away from our line of sight. Observations at t ≤ 200 days are unlikely to settle the debate, as in both scenarios the observed emission is effectively dominated by radiation from mildly relativistic material.
Closed Forms of Goursat Functions in Presence of Heat for Curvilinear Holes

In this paper, we consider a general conformal mapping function with complex constant coefficients, to solve the elasticity problems for an infinite plate weakened by a curvilinear hole. Conformal was used outside and inside of a unit circle in the presence of an initial heat flowing perpendicular to the plate. The use of the complex variable method gives convenient expressions of Goursat functions in applications, it also achieves the objective rapidly. Several previous works are considered as special cases of this work. The hole takes different shapes that make this study applicable to many cases, like tunnels, caves, excavations in soil or rock, etc. Stress and strain components have been obtained and plotted to investigate their physical meanings. With the aid of a computer, shapes of holes were received, and distribution of stresses obtained.
TOROS optical follow-up of the advanced LIGO–VIRGO O2 second observational campaign

We present the methods and results of the optical follow-up, conducted by the Transient Optical Robotic Observatory of the South Collaboration, of gravitational wave events detected during the Advanced LIGO–Virgo second observing run (2016 November–2017 August). Given the limited field of view (∼100 arcmin) of our observational instrumentation, we targeted galaxies within the area of high localization probability that were observable from our sites. We analysed the observations using difference imaging, followed by a random forest algorithm to discriminate between real and spurious transients. Our observations were conducted using telescopes at Estación Astrofísica de Bosque Alegre, Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, the Dr. Cristina V. Torres Memorial Astronomical Observatory, and an observing station in Salta, Argentina.
The magnetic permeability in Fresnel's equation

Magnetic permeabilities derived for infinite, periodic media are used in the Fresnel equation to calculate the reflection from corresponding semi-infinite media. By comparison to finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) simulations, we find that the Fresnel equation gives accurate results for 2D metamaterials which mimic natural magnetism, in a frequency range where the magnetic moment density dominates the $\mathcal O(k^2)$ part of the total Landau--Lifshitz permittivity. For a 1D layered structure, or for large frequencies, the correspondence is poor. We also demonstrate that even if a medium is described accurately by a local permittivity and permeability, the Fresnel equation is not necessarily valid.
Conditional transfer of quantum correlation in the intensity of twin beams

A conditional protocol of transferring quantum correlations in a continuous variable regime was experimentally demonstrated. The quantum correlation in two pairs of twin beams, each characterized by intensity-difference squeezing of 7.0{+-}0.3 dB, was transferred to two initially independent idler beams. The quantum-correlation transfer resulted in intensity-difference squeezing of 4.0{+-}0.2 dB between two idler beams. The dependence of the preparation probability and transfer fidelity on the selection bandwidth was also studied.
Intracluster Stars in the Virgo Cluster Core

We have investigated the properties of the diffuse light in the Virgo Cluster core region, based on the detection of intracluster planetary nebulae (PNs) in four fields. We eliminate the bias from misclassified faint continuum objects, using improved Monte Carlo simulations, and the contaminations by high-redshift Lyα galaxies, using the Lyα luminosity function in blank fields. Recent spectroscopic observations confirm that our photometric PN samples are well understood. We find that the diffuse stellar population in the Virgo core region is inhomogeneous on scales of 30′–90′: there exist significant field-to-field variations in the number density of PNs and the inferred amount of intracluster light, with some fields empty, some fields dominated by extended Virgo galaxy halos, and some fields dominated by the true intracluster component. There is no clear trend with distance from M87. The mean surface luminosity density, its rms variation, and the mean surface brightness of diffuse light in our four fields are ΣB = 2.7 × 106 LB⊙ arcmin-2, rms = 2.1 × 106 LB⊙ arcmin-2, and B = 29.0 mag arcsec-2, respectively. Our results indicate that the Virgo Cluster is a dynamically young environment and that the intracluster component is associated partially with local physical processes like galaxy interactions or harassment. We also argue, based on kinematic evidence, that the so-called over-luminous PNs in the halo of M84 are dynamically associated with this galaxy and must thus be brighter than, and part of a different stellar population from, the normal PN population in elliptical galaxies.
A test of homogeneity of mean vectors against multivariate isotonic alternatives

A multivariate generalization of isotonic regression was first studied by Sasabuchi,Inutsuka and Kulatunga[12]. This theory enables the study of a test of homogeneity of mean vectors against ordered alternatives which is the multivariate extension of Bartholomew's test [2],[3] and it is presented in this paper.
诱导治疗失败和复发急性髓系白血病患者获得血液学缓解和生存的影响因素分析

目的 探索诱导化疗失败和复发急性髓系白血病（AML）患者缓解、复发、生存的影响因素。 方法 回顾性收集2008年1月1日至2021年5月1日北京大学人民医院收治的诱导化疗失败和复发AML连续病例，采用二元Logistics和Cox比例风险回归模型分析患者治疗反应和结局的影响因素。 结果 180例诱导化疗失败和193例复发AML患者，最终完全缓解（CR）/CR伴血细胞未完全恢复（CRi）率分别为50. 6％和40. 3％；获得CR/CRi人群中，3年无复发生存（RFS）率分别为34. 4％和30. 4％，3年总生存（OS）率分别为40. 1％和31. 6％。 多因素分析显示，诱导化疗失败患者中，CLAG或FLAG方案作为再诱导化疗方案、年龄<39岁和SWOG预后分层低危和缓解率高相关；复发患者中，男性、继发AML、SWOG预后分层高危、12个月内复发和复发时骨髓原始细胞比例≥20％和缓解率低相关（P值均<0.05）。 对于获得CR/CRi的患者，移植是影响RFS和OS的共同因素；此外，SWOG预后分层与诱导化疗失败患者的OS率显著相关，获得CR而非CRi与复发患者的RFS率相关，男性复发患者的OS率低于女性。 结论 对于诱导化疗失败和复发AML患者，再诱导化疗方案、SWOG预后分层、年龄、性别、继发或初发AML、首次缓解距复发时间、复发时骨髓中原始细胞比例是影响缓解的独立因素；移植、SWOG预后分层、缓解时血细胞恢复状态和性别影响获得缓解者的生存。
Twisted Alice Loops as Monopoles

Symmetry breaking can produce ``Alice'' strings, which alter scattered charges and carry monopole number and charge when twisted into loops. We apply recent topological results, fixing Alice strings' stability and prescribing their twisting into loops with monopole charge, to several models. We show that Alice strings of condensed matter systems (nematic liquid crystals, He-3A, and related systems of non-chiral Bose condensates and amorphous chiral superconductors) are topologically Alice, and carry fundamental monopole charge when twisted into loops. They might thus be observed indirectly, not as strings, but as loop-like point defects. Other models yield Alice loops that carry only deposited, and not fundamental, charge.
Methods for analyzing anisotropic flow in relativistic nuclear collisions

The strategy and techniques for analyzing anisotropic flow (directed, elliptic, etc.) in relativistic nuclear collisions are presented. The emphasis is on the use of the Fourier expansion of azimuthal distributions. We present formulae relevant for this approach, and in particular, show how the event multiplicity enters into the event plane resolution. We also discuss the role of non-flow correlations and a method for introducing flow into a simulation.
New limit on millicharged particles from reactor neutrino experiments and the PVLAS anomaly

It has been recently suggested that the vacuum magnetic dichroism observed by the PVLAS experiment could be explained by the pair production of a new light, m ~0.1 eV, millicharged, q ~ 3 10^{-6} e, fermions. In addition, it has been pointed out that millicharged particles with q > 10^{-9} e appear naturally in models based on the string theory. We show that low energy reactor neutrino experiments provide a sensitive probe of millicharged particles. Considering, as an example, recent results of the TEXONO experiment searching for neutrino magnetic moment, a new upper bound q < 10^{-5} e for the mass region m < 1 keV is derived. These results enhance motivations for a more sensitive search for such particles in near future experiments. Furthemore, a direct experimental limit on the electric charge of the electron antineutrino q < 3.7 10^{-12} e is obtained.
A Model for Athermal Strain Localization in Dry Sheared Fault Gouge

Shear banding is widely observed in natural fault zones as well as in gouge layers in laboratory experiments. Understanding the dynamics of strain localization under different loading conditions is essential for quantifying strength evolution of fault gouge, energy partitioning during earthquakes and characterizing rheological transitions and fault zone structure changes. To that end, we develop a physics-based continuum model for strain localization in sheared granular materials. The grain-scale dynamics is described by the Shear Transformation Zone (STZ) theory, a non-equilibrium statistical thermodynamic framework for viscoplastic deformation in amorphous materials. Using a finite strain computational framework, we investigate the initiation and growth of complex shear bands under a variety of loading conditions and identify implication for strength evolution and ductile to brittle transition. Our numerical results show similar localization patterns to field and lab observations and suggest that shear zones show more ductile response at higher confining pressures, lower dilatancy and loose initial conditions. Lower pressures, higher loading rates and higher dilatancy favor a brittle response and larger strength drops. These findings shed light on a range of mechanisms for strength evolution in dry sheared gouge and provide a critical input to physics-based multiscale models of fault zone instabilities.
Neutrino Oscillations in Matter

Nonzero neutrino masses would provide new, unique information on particle physics beyond the standard model. Neutrino flavor oscillations provide the most sensitive method for directly testing for small neutrino masses. When the oscillations occur in matter, a resonance can occur that dramatically enhances the flavor mixing and can lead to conversion from one neutrino flavor to another. This is an attractive solution to the long-standing "solar neutrino problem. " The phenomenon of neutrino oscillations in matter is reviewed. Analytic descriptions of the neutrino flavor survival probability in matter are considered in detail. A discussion is given for applications of neutrino oscillations in matter for the sun, Earth, supernovae, and the early universe.
D-WAVE PAIRING CORRELATION IN THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL T-J MODEL

The pair-pair correlation function of the two-dimensional t-J model is studied by using the power-Lanczos method and an assumption of monotonic behavior. In comparison with the results of the ideal Fermi gas, we conclude that the 2D t-J model does not have long range d-wave superconducting correlation in the interesting parameter range of $J/t \leq 0.5$. Implications of this result will also be discussed.