Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Manuscript: Intern preparedness for the CanMEDS roles and the Dunning-Kruger effect: a survey

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to determine whether the first cohort of graduates from a new undergraduate medical programme in Botswana were adequately prepared for internship. Methods The authors surveyed 27 interns and 13 intern supervisors on site, who rated intern preparedness for 44 tasks using a previously validated instrument. Tasks were grouped according to the seven roles of the physician in the CanMEDS framework and Cronbach α values confirmed internal consistency. To determine the direction of differences between intern and supervisor ratings for tasks Likert scale ratings were treated as interval data and mean scores calculated. Rating frequencies for each role were compared using the χ 2 statistic. Reasons for differences between intern and supervisor ratings were explored by determining correlations between scores using the Spearman ρ statistic, and analysing qualitative data generated by the questionnaire. Results Preparedness for all seven roles and the majority of tasks was found to be between ‘Fairly well prepared’ and ‘Well prepared’. The ratings for four roles (Medical expert, Communicator, Collaborator, Professional) differed statistically, but not for the three others (Leader, Health advocate, Scholar). Interns rated their proficiency higher than their supervisors for the tasks in six roles; for the ‘Professional’ role intern ratings were mostly lower. Correlations between intern and supervisors scores were only significant for three roles (Medical expert, Communicator, Collaborator). Qualitative data provided further insights into the reasons for these associations. Conclusions Intern preparedness for tasks and roles varied but was generally satisfactory. Based on the analysis of the data seeming discrepancies in between interns and supervisor ratings were investigated and explanations are offered. For three roles the data indicate that their component tasks are understood in the same way by interns and supervisors, but not for the other roles. The Dunning-Kruger effect offers a plausible explanation for higher intern scores for tasks in six of the roles. For the ‘Professional’ role differences between interns’ internal, individual understanding and supervisors’ external, group understanding may explain lower intern scores. The fact that respondents may understand the tasks they rate differently has implications for all research of this nature.
Latrine site selection and seasonal habitat use of a coastal river otter population

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. DEDICATION. LIST OF TABLES . LIST OF FIGURES . LIST OF APPENDICES . INTRODUCTION. CHAPTER 1 Latrine Site Selection of a Coastal River Otter Population. INTRODUCTION. METHODS. Study area. Study sites. Sampling procedures. Statistical analysis. RESULTS. DISCUSSION. CHAPTER 2 Seasonal Scent-marking Trends and Habitat Use of a Coastal River Otter Population. INTRODUCTION. Page ii iv vi
EARLY CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES FROM ANGORICHINA, FLINDERS RANGES, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, WITH A NEW ASSEMBLAGE FROM THE PARARAIA BUNYEROOENSIS ZONE

Abstract Trilobites from the Lower Cambrian succession at Angorichina in the eastern Flinders Ranges, South Australia, are described. Silicified material from the Mernmerna Formation reveals the presence of a new assemblage from the Pararaia bunyerooensis Zone, including the eponymous species, Yorkella aff. australis, Eoredlichia sp. , Redlichia sp. , and the new species Wutingaspis euryoptilos and Yunnanocephalus macromelos. Trilobites of the Pararaia bunyerooensis Zone show a strong affinity with those from the Yu'anshan Member of the Heilinpu Formation in Chengjiang and Jinning Counties, Yunnan Province, southwest China. The Pararaia bunyerooensis Zone is correlated with the Yunnanocephalus Assemblage subzone (upper Eoredlichia–Wutingaspis Zone) of the Chiungchussuan (=Qiongzhusian) Stage of China. Additional trilobites from Angorichina include Elicicola calva from the Wilkawillina Limestone, Estaingia occipitospina (Jell) new combination from the Oraparinna Shale, and Redlichia guizhouensis Zhou from the Wirrealpa Limestone. Australian Early Cambrian trilobite biozonation is reviewed, with discussion of distinct assemblages within the Pararaia janeae Zone that have the potential for zonal subdivision, and evidence to support the placement of the northern Australian Ordian/Early Templetonian Stage within the late Early Cambrian. A possible paedomorphic lineage between Pararaia bunyerooensis and P. janeae is proposed. Adult specimens of P. janeae retain juvenile characteristics of the progenitor P. bunyerooensis. Retardation in onset of maturity in P. janeae resulted in the attainment of a larger adult size than in P. bunyerooensis, indicating the former species evolved via neoteny.
The facilitated synthesis of core‐multi‐shell silica nanoparticles and its performance onto cementitious based system in comparison with commercial silica nanoparticles

The implementation of nanoparticles in cementitious systems have been studied for long time, however the knowledge about the influence of nanosized part (e.g. silica nanoparticles) has still to be fulfilled. The enhancement of cementitious matrix, specifically in the ultra‐high‐performance‐concrete (UHPC) system, has always been focused by researchers in various means of investigation and the application of silica nanoparticle plays a significant role as one of the attempts.
Quintessenz Journals

This lateral-view cephalometric study compares the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue effects in patients with Class II mandibular malocclusions undergoing treatment with the Herbst appliance and the mandibular protraction appliance. The sample consists of 43 adolescents, divided into 3 groups: group 1, 12 individuals, average age 12 years 4 months, treated with the Herbst appliance for an average of 8.7 months; group 2, 15 individuals, average age 13 years 2 months, treated with the mandibular protraction appliance for an average of 8.3 months; and group 3 (control), 16 individuals, average age 10 years 4 months, who did not undergo any treatment and were followed for a period of 10 months. Based on the results, both treatment groups showed: (1) greater increases in the mandibular length than the controls, with the MPA-treated group displaying significantly more growth than the Herbst-treated group; (2) a vestibular inclination of the mandibular incisors; (3) retrusion of the upper lip. No other significant soft tissue or dental differences manifested among the 3 groups. World J Orthod 2008;9:62.e1–19. Patricia F. R. Alves, DDS1
Quintessenz Journals

Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic metabolic disease associated with substantial risk for morbidity and premature mortality. Type 1 diabetes results from a T-cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic b-cells leading to an inability to secrete insulin. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by hyperglycaemia due to both reduced insulin sensitivity and impaired insulin secretion. The incidence of type 2 diabetes, which is the most prevalent form of diabetes, is increasing to near-epidemic levels in industrialized countries. About 50% of patients are thought to be undiagnosed. Early detection and intervention are important in order to reduce the risk for systemic complications. Diabetes mellitus is also associated with oral health complications such as periodontitis and candidiasis. Uncontrolled and poorly metabolic controlled diabetic patients are in particular at risk of developing oral diseases, and may need individual intensive dental treatment. Furthermore, mounting evidence in the last decade indicates that treatment of chronic periodontal infection has a beneficial effect on the metabolic status of diabetics. Dentists can play an important role not only in the detection and management of diabetic patients, but also in patient education aimed at promoting healthier lifestyle in general through counselling in diet and smoking cessation. This paper presents current knowledge on diabetes mellitus and outlines the implications of diabetes mellitus on oral tissues and dental treatment.
Remodeling of the protein ubiquitylation landscape in the aging vertebrate brain

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate protein homeostasis and function. How aging affects the landscape of PTMs remains largely elusive. Here, we reveal changes in hundreds of protein ubiquitylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation sites in the aging brain of mice. We show that aging has a major impact on protein ubiquitylation and that 29% of the ubiquitylation sites are affected independently of protein abundance, indicating altered PTM stoichiometry. We found a subset of these sites to be also affected in the brain of the short-lived killifish Nothobranchius furzeri, highlighting a conserved aging phenotype. Furthermore, we estimated that over 35% of ubiquitylation changes observed in old mouse brains derive from partial proteasome inhibition, a well-established hallmark of brain aging. Our findings provide evidence of an evolutionarily conserved ubiquitylation signature of the aging brain and establish a causal link between proteasome inhibition and age-related remodeling of the ubiquitylome.
Measurement of visual function in infantile nystagmus: a systematic review

Background/aims Recent work has called into question the ability of visual acuity (VA) to accurately represent changes in visual function in infantile nystagmus (IN). This systematic review investigated factors affecting visual performance in IN, to guide development of suitable alternatives to VA. Methods Included studies used an experimental manipulation to assess changes in visual function in people with IN. Interventional studies, case series and case studies were excluded. Six databases were searched in August 2023. Selection, detection, attrition and measurement bias were assessed. Due to heterogeneous methodologies, narrative synthesis was undertaken. Results Eighteen relevant papers were identified, 11 of which complied with the review criteria. Articles were grouped according to the factor manipulated to evoke within-participant changes in performance (motion blur, psychological state, gaze angle or visual crowding). Optotype, image, grating and moving stimuli have been employed under varying lighting conditions and exposure duration. Conclusion Several factors affecting visual performance should be considered when assessing visual function in IN. While maximum VA is a useful metric, its measurement deliberately minimises nystagmus-specific factors such as changes in visual performance with gaze angle and the ‘slow to see’ phenomenon. Maximum VA can be measured using the null zone, providing unlimited viewing time, reducing stress/mental load and minimising visual crowding. Gaze-dependent functional vision space is a promising measure which quantifies the impact of the null zone but does not consider temporal vision. Although no complete measurement technique has yet been proven, this review provides insights to guide future work towards development of appropriate methods.
Climate change increases the probability of heavy rains like those of storm Desmond in the UK – an event attribution study in near-real time

Abstract. On 4–6 December 2015, the storm "Desmond" caused very heavy rainfall in northern England and Scotland, which led to widespread flooding. Here we provide an initial assessment of the influence of anthropogenic climate change on the likelihood of one-day precipitation events averaged over an area encompassing northern England and southern Scotland using data and methods available immediately after the event occurred. The analysis is based on three independent methods of extreme event attribution: historical observed trends, coupled climate model simulations and a large ensemble of regional model simulations. All three methods agree that the effect of climate change is positive, making precipitation events like this about 40 % more likely, with a provisional 2.5–97.5 % confidence interval of 5–80 %.
Comment on “Transport of substantial stratospheric ozone to the surface by a dying typhoon and shallow convection” by Chen et al. (2022)

Abstract. Chen et al. (2022) analyzed the event of rapid nocturnal O3 enhancement (NOE) observed on 31 July 2021 at the surface level in the North China Plain and proposed transport of substantial stratosphere ozone to the surface by Typhoon In-fa followed by downdraft of shallow convection as the mechanism of the NOE event. The analysis seems to be valid from the viewpoint of atmospheric physics. This comment revisits the NOE phenomenon on the basis of the China National Environmental Monitoring Center (CNEMC) network data used in Chen et al. (2022), together with the CNEMC data from Zibo (ZB) and O3, NOx, PAN (peroxyacetic nitric anhydride), and VOC (volatile organic compound) data from the Zibo supersite operated by the China Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES). We found (a) Ox (O3 + NO2) levels during the NOE period approaching those of O3 during 14:00–17:00 LT, (b) levels of PAN and the relationship between O3 and PAN consistent with dominance of chemical and physical processes within the boundary layer, and (c) estimated photochemical ages of air mass shorter than 1 d and showing no drastic increases during the NOE. We argue that the NOE was not caused by typhoon-induced stratospheric intrusion but originated from fresh photochemical production in the lower troposphere. Our argument is well supported by the analysis of atmospheric transport as well as ground-based remote sensing data.
Tumor Segmentation Algorithm for Liver CT Images Based on Generative Adversarial Networks

An automatic segmentation algorithm based on a generative adversarial network was proposed to solve the problems of insufficient segmentation, fuzzy segmentation, boundary ambiguity, and low segmentation accuracy in the existing liver tumor CT image segmentation methods. The algorithm first performs liver pre-segmentation on CT images to reduce the influence of irrelevant information. Secondly, the generation network of GAN uses Dual Attention Unet (DAUnet), which introduces a dual attention mechanism in the jump connection to enhance the characteristics of liver tumors. Finally, the prediction accuracy of tumor images is improved by GAN-generated adversarial training, and a mixed loss function is introduced in the training process. Finally, experimental results on LiTS data show that the proposed algorithm’s Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) value reaches 76.15%, 3.63% higher than that of the Unet algorithm. DAUnet can effectively improve the performance of tumor segmentation in liver images by generating adversarial training.
Box Lesion Isolation of the Left Atrial Posterior Wall with Radiofrequency Ablation Restricted in Predetermined Lines for the Treatment of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: The Prognostic Role of Acute Interventional Outcome and Trigger Identification

The left atrial posterior wall (PW) is known to be a critical substrate for the initiation and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation (AF) and has been explored as a target for catheter ablation, particularly in persistent AF (PerAF). In this retrospective study, we investigate the clinical outcome of patients with PerAF who underwent PW isolation (PWI) restricted in predetermined lines in addition to pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). One hundred consecutive patients (64 ± 9.1 years, 66% male, 20% with previous PVI ablation) underwent PWI in a box lesion setting for PerAF lasting >3 months (34% long-standing PerAF). PW triggers were defined as either foci from the PW that repeatedly induced AF or as isolated AF or atrial tachycardia (AT) within the PW. After a mean follow-up period of 25.6 ± 6.7 months, 61% of the patients remained in sinus rhythm after the last procedure. In 79 patients, the PW was successfully isolated, while, in 21 patients, complete isolation was not possible due to failure in completion of the roof line (n = 16), the floor line (n = 7), or both (n = 2). Patients with incomplete isolation had similar AF/AT recurrence rates compared to those with complete PWI. In 12 patients, PW triggers were identified, and PWI in these patients was shown to have a significantly better prognosis in terms of sinus rhythm maintenance (P = .031). Failure of complete PWI does not predispose a patient to an inferior outcome nor is it responsible for iatrogenic ATs. The presence of AF triggers within the PW leads to a particularly favorable result after box lesion isolation.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) New neurons in aging brains: molecular control by small non-coding RNAs.

Adult neurogenesis generates functional neurons from neural stem cells present in spe-ciﬁc brain regions. It is largely conﬁned to two main regions: the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle, and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (DG), in the hippocampus. With age, the function of the hippocampus and particularly the DG is impaired. For instance, adult neurogenesis is decreased with aging, in both proliferating and differentiation of newborn cells, while in parallel an age-associated decline in cognitive performance is often seen. Surprisingly, the synaptogenic potential of adult-born neurons is only marginally inﬂuenced by aging. Therefore, although proliferation, differentiation, and synaptogenesis of adult-born new neurons in the DG are closely related to each other, they are differentially affected by aging. In this review we discuss the crucial roles of a novel class of recently discovered modulators of gene expression, the small non-coding RNAs, in the regulation of adult neurogenesis. Multiple small non-coding RNAs are differentially expressed in the hippocampus. In particular a subgroup of the small non-coding RNAs, the microRNAs, ﬁne-tune the progression of adult neurogenesis.This makes small non-coding RNAs appealing candidates to orchestrate the functional alterations in adult neurogenesis and cognition associated with aging. Finally, we summarize observations that link changes in circulating levels of steroid hormones with alterations in adult neurogenesis, cognitive decline, and vulnerability to psychopathology in advanced age, and discuss a potential interplay between steroid hormone receptors and microRNAs in cognitive decline in aging individuals.
The Spatiotemporal Structure of Diabatic Processes Governing the Evolution of Subantarctic Mode Water in the Southern Ocean

AbstractA coupled ice–ocean eddy-permitting Southern Ocean State Estimate (SOSE) for 2008–10 is used to describe and quantify the processes forming and destroying water in the Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) density range (σθ = 26.7–27.2 kg m−3). All the terms in the temperature and salinity equations have been diagnosed to obtain a three-dimensional and time-varying volume budget for individual isopycnal layers. This study finds that air–sea buoyancy fluxes, diapycnal mixing, advection, and storage are all important to the SAMW volume budget. The formation and destruction of water in the SAMW density range occurs over a large latitude range because of the seasonal migration of the outcrop window. The strongest formation is by wintertime surface ocean heat loss occurring equatorward of the Subantarctic Front. Spring and summertime formation occur in the polar gyres through the freshening of water with σθ > 27.2 kg m−3, with an important contribution from sea ice melt. Further buoyancy gain by heating is ac.
Characterizing Indirect Speech Acts

This paper presents the core of a descriptive theory of indirect speech acts, i.e. utterances in which one speech act form is used to realize another, different, speech act. The proposed characterization of indirect speech acts is based on principles of goal formation, viewed in the context of a general structural model of action. The model of action is used to develop rules that characterize a large number of indirect speech act forms. Computational implications of the theory are discussed.
Scattering diagrams and Jeffrey-Kirwan residues

We show that the consistent completion of an initial scattering diagram in $M_{\mathbb{R}}$ (for a finite rank lattice $M$) can be expressed quite generally in terms of the Jeffrey-Kirwan residues of certain explicit meromorphic forms, by using the Maurer-Cartan asymptotic analysis developed by Chan-Leung-Ma and Leung-Ma-Young. A similar result holds for the associated theta functions.
Exploring variation, relationships and heritability of traits among selected accessions of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in the Upper East region of Ghana.

A B S T R A C T Sorghum is an important staple food crop in the northern regions of Ghana. The crop is used locally to prepare several meals such as ‘tuo zaafi’, porridge, cake and to brew a local beer known as ‘pito’. Despite the important role of sorghum in nutrition and economy of Ghana, it attracts little research attention and recently low economic yield of sorghum is a great disincentive to farmers. Understanding of yield components of sorghum is needed to improve yield of existing local varieties. This study investigates the yield components of four local varieties of sorghum; Banina, Kadaga, Naga red and Kapala. The sudy was carried out at Navrongo in the Kassena-Nankana district of the Upper East region of Ghana. The varieties were evaluated for yield traits using Randomized Complete Block design with four replications. The results revealed that, significant variations were recorded among the yield traits studied. High values for phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was recorded for harvest index and number of grains per panicle. High heritability accompanied with high genetic advance (GA) was observed for number of days to flowering, number of primary panicles, weight of grains per panicle, and days to maturity. Banina variety produced the highest number of leaves, panicle height, panicle width, plant height, number of grains per panicle, weight of grains per panicle, economic yield and biological yield. There was also significant and positive correlation between characters studied. Principal components analysis revealed that Banina was the highest yielding variety and number of grains per panicle was the principal contributing factor to the high yielding character of this variety. This indicates that local farmers could cultivate Banina to increase their yield and genetic improvement of number of grains per panicle by plant breeders could help to develop higher yielding varieties for enhancement of nutrition and livelihoods of the rural poor in the northern regions of Ghana.
Conservation Practice Modeling Guide for SWAT and APEX

By David Waidler, Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Dallas Mike White, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory Evelyn Steglich, Susan Wang, and Jimmy Williams, Texas AgriLife Blackland Research and Extension Center at Temple C. A. Jones, Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Dallas R. Srinivasan, Texas A&M University Spatial Sciences Laboratory