Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 Th World Congress on Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization a Novel Constraint Handling Strategy for Expensive Optimization Problems

1. Abstract Constraints are inherently present in any real world problem. In the context of multidisciplinary design optimization problems, such constraints arise out of physical laws, statutory requirements, user preferences etc. and are often computed using computationally expensive analysis e.g. FEM, CFD, CEM etc. While population based stochastic optimization algorithms are a preferred choice for the solution of such class of problems (often with the aid of approximations), they typically adopt a full evaluation policy i.e. all constraints and objective functions for all solutions are evaluated. Recent studies have highlighted the possibility of selected constraint evaluation (i.e. a subset of relevant constraints are only evaluated), although learning the sequence (or the subset) of constraints is far from trivial. In this paper, we introduce an approach for selective evaluation based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) models, wherein promising solutions are identified and evaluated based on the trade-off between need to learn and cost to learn. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared with other state-of-the-art constraint handling methods using a set of well-studied engineering design optimization problems. The aspect of selective evaluation has rarely been investigated in literature and the results clearly indicate the benefits selective evaluation which is of immense value in the context of computationally expensive optimization problems. 2. 3. Introduction Most real world optimization problems involve constraints and feasible solutions need to satisfy them. A generic constrained optimization problem can be expressed as: minimize X f(x) where q represents the number of inequality constraints and r denotes the number of equality constraints. The equality constraints are replaced by a pair of inequalities. The vector x = [x 1 x 2. x n ] denotes a solution represented using n design variables. It is well known that the performance of all stochastic optimization algorithms are affected by the underlying mechanism of constraint handling. Constraint handling is an active area of research and existing methods can be classified into three categories i.e. (a) full evaluation policy with feasibility first principle: all constraints and objectives are evaluated for all solutions and feasible solutions are preferred over infeasible solutions (objective function value of infeasible solutions are essentially useless information) e.g. Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm(NSGA-II) [1] (b) full evaluation policy with marginally infeasible solutions preserved or stochastically preferred e.g. Infeasibility Driven Evolutionary Algorithm(IDEA) [5], Stochastic Ranking(SRES) [6], Epsilon Differential Evolution(eps-DEA) [7] (objective function values of infeasible solutions are used in ranking …
Increasing Teacher Effectiveness

66. Planning for education in the context of HIV/AIDS, M.J. Kelly 67. Legal aspects of educational planning and administration, C. Durand-Prinborgne 68. Improving school effectiveness, J. Scheerens 69. Reviewing quantitative research to inform policy processes, S.J. Hite 70. National strategies for e-learning in post-secondary education and training, T. Bates 71. Using assessment to improve the quality of education, T. The Swedish International Development Authority (Sida) has provided financial assistance for the publication of this booklet. The views and opinions expressed in this booklet are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of UNESCO or of the IIEP. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this review do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO or IIEP concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. The publication costs of this study have been covered through a grant-in-aid offered by UNESCO and by voluntary contributions made by several Member States of UNESCO, the list of which will be found at the end of the volume. The booklets in this series are written primarily for two types of clientele: those engaged in educational planning and administration, in developing as well as developed countries; and others, less specialized, such as senior government officials and policy-makers who seek a more general understanding of educational planning and of how it is related to overall national development. They are intended to be of use either for private study or in formal training programmes. Since this series was launched in 1967, practices and concepts of educational planning have undergone substantial change. Many of the assumptions which underlay earlier attempts to rationalize the process of educational development have been criticized or abandoned. Even if rigid mandatory centralized planning has now clearly proven to be inappropriate, this does not mean that all forms of planning have been dispensed with. On the contrary, the need for collecting data, evaluating the efficiency of existing programmes, undertaking a wide range of studies, exploring the future and fostering broad debate on these bases to guide educational policy and decision-making has become even more acute than before. One cannot make sensible policy choices without assessing the present situation, specifying the goals to be reached, marshalling the means to attain them and monitoring what has been accomplished. Hence planning is also a …
Event Studies in thinly-traded markets: An improvement to the market model

Whether a market is thinly traded or not, the calculation of expected returns is a necessary ingredient in data processing for an event study. The method most commonly used is the market model. This often fails to meet the OLS requirement of normally distributed residuals, and tends to furnish regression output (low R2, and insignificant t- and F-statistics) that, in other contexts, one would not rely on. With respect to data sets fraught with thin trading, the problem is exacerbated since missing data tends usually to be proxied by zero-value returns whose rate of occurrence distorts the computation of OLS parameters. A family of models, in which company and market return relationships are separated out by dummy variables, offer improved computation of expected returns when applied to thinly-traded data sets. The best of these is a 3-state (by company) model. Abnormal returns from this model are compared with those from the market model in detecting dividend and earnings signals and are found to make a similar diagnosis.
An End-to-End Framework for Provisioning-Based Resource and Application Management

Resources in distributed infrastructure such as the grid are typically autonomously managed and shared across a distributed set of end users. These characteristics result in a fundamental conflict: resource providers optimize for throughput and utilization which coupled with a stochastic multiuser workload results in nondeterministic best effort service for any one application. This conflicts with the user who wants to optimize end-to-end application performance but is constrained by the best effort service offering. Resource reservations can be used to obtain more predictable application behaviors but they are generally not allowed due to perceived impact on the other users and overall resource utilization. In this paper, we examine two strategies for integrating reservations within the resource management fabric that address these concerns by either minimizing the adverse impact of a reservation on the other users or enabling a resource provider to recoup losses through a differentiated pricing mechanism. Correspondingly, we also present algorithms for optimizing the application performance when resources provide automated reservations using the previously developed strategies. These algorithms use a cost based model to identify the set of reservations to be made for the application in order to optimize performance while minimizing the cost for the reservations. The cost based model allows the users to do a tradeoff between the application performance and resulting resource costs. Using trace-based simulations and task graph structured applications, we compare the application performance and resource cost when it is executed using reservations to that when only best effort service is available. We show the approach incorporating reservations can provide superior performance for the application at a price that the user can predetermine. Also, the benefits of using the reservation-based approach become more pronounced when the resources are under high utilization and/or the applications have significant resource requirements.
Decision-Level Fusion of Spectral Reflectance and Derivative Information for Robust Hyperspectral Land Cover Classification

The developments in sensor technology have made the high-resolution hyperspectral remote sensing data available to the remote sensing analyst for ground-cover classification and target recognition tasks. The inherent high dimensionality of such data sets and the limited ground-truth data availability in many real-life operating scenarios necessitate such hyperspectral classification systems to employ the dimensionality reduction algorithms. Previously, it has been shown that the addition of the spectral derivatives into the feature space improves the performance of the hyperspectral image analysis systems. Although the spectral derivative features are expected to provide additional information for the classification task at hand, the conventional classification techniques are typically not suitable for such fusion since simply combining these features would result in very high dimensional feature spaces, exacerbating the over-dimensionality problem. In this paper, we propose an effective approach for the decision-level fusion of the spectral reflectance information with the spectral derivative information for robust land cover classification. This paper differs from previous work because we propose effective classification strategies to alleviate the increased over-dimensionality problem introduced by the addition of the spectral derivatives for hyperspectral classification. The studies reported in this paper are conducted within the context of both single and multiple classifier systems that are designed to handle the high-dimensional feature spaces. The experimental results are reported with handheld, airborne, and spaceborne hyperspectral data. The efficacy of the proposed approaches (using spectral derivatives and single or multiple classifiers) as quantified by the overall classification accuracy (expressed in percentage) is significantly greater than that of these systems when exploiting only the reflectance information.
La Aplicación del Análisis Clúster en los Mercados Inmobiliarios

La politica monetaria expansiva en los Estados Unidos y Europa condujo a la inflacion de los precios de los activos convencionales. En la busqueda de activos con rendimientos que compensen por el ambiente de bajas tasas de interes, muchos inversores cambian su enfoque hacia los bienes raices. Economicamente, Alemania es el pais mas poderoso de Europa y se considera un puerto seguro para las inversiones. Simultaneamente, los bienes inmuebles alemanes son asequibles por comparacion europea y, por lo tanto, atraen a mas y mas inversionistas nacionales y extranjeros. Entre otros, hay una caracteristica distinta sobre el mercado inmobiliario aleman: No es monocentrico, como los mercados en Francia con Paris y en el Reino Unido con Londres. La estructura policentrica del mercado inmobiliario aleman es resultado de la division del pais en el siglo XX y de la organizacion federal del pais. Este ultimo asegura la existencia de varios centros economicos en todo el pais. Existe un esquema(el llamado “ABCD- esquema” de bulwiengesa) comunmente aplicado en Alemania para desglosar yclasificar el mercado inmobiliario de Alemania. Basado exclusivamente en el tamano del mercado y la liquidez, resulta inadecuado cuando se trata de identificar oportunidades y riesgos en tiempos de politica monetaria no convencional y aumento de los precios. Presentamos un nuevo enfoque para la clasificacion del mercado que proporciona comprension sobre el grado de segmentacion del mercado aleman y ayuda a los inversores nacionales y extranjeros a evaluar mejor las oportunidades y los riesgos. Segun nuestro consentimiento, no existen estudios previos en Alemania que usen el analisis de cluster convencional para la gestion de inversiones inmobiliarias y la gestion de carteras.
Book Marks – Archaeological Potentials

Reviews section of the EJA in 1998 we wanted to create ‘mental brackets’ for the often diverse topics reviewed in the various issues. We have striven for something more thought-provoking than a simple summary and commentary of the reviews, essays, and notes published in each EJA Reviews section. For us, ‘Book marks’ offered the possibility to supersede the manifold problems reviewers tried to unravel and the chance to ‘connect the dots’ in everyone’s thinking. It also provided a forum for asking questions. Every now and then a guest editorial added new insight to general archaeological conundrums. Over the years, we have covered particular archaeological branches such as landscape archaeology as well as larger issues of communication, identity, progress, and reflexivity. We have relished our time here, but see it is time to move on and let others take over the tradition. Therefore, this is our last edition and editorial (EJA 7[3] will feature a special Reviews section on heritage management guest edited by former EAA President Willem Willems). In EJA issue 6(2) we asked ‘[w]ho owns the past? ’ – thus referring to ethics, teaching, and the acquisition of knowledge about the past. In this, our last ‘Book marks’, we again refer to these questions and discuss the numerous archaeological ‘potentials’ that exist in current European archaeology. Archaeologists’ approaches and attitudes to what they think they can know about the past tend to swing back and forth between cautious relativism and optimistic positivism – between an historical, idealistic approach and a scientific one relying on techniques such as isotope analysis (e.g. Price et al. 2004) or palaeoclimate studies (e.g. Bonsall et al. 2002). Today, however, where the epistemological potential of archaeology really lies is less easy to discern than it may have been a generation ago. In a recent discussion article, Kristiansen (2004), the first president of the EAA, extensively discusses two different attitudes which today seem to exclude each other; this is what he calls ‘genes vs. agents’ (see also Barton 2004). Kristiansen not only argues that these approaches to archaeological knowledge are diverse but that their adherents are in danger of no longer being able to communicate. He observes the development of epistemologically incompatible approaches. To overcome this theoretical divide, he claims, it is necessary to revive the theoretical debate. To many central European archaeologists this call may seem to be untimely, since they have only recently begun to grapple with theoretical debate. What they need is for such debate to be stimulated and accepted into the mainstream. Others who have preserved a critical distance towards theoretical archaeology may even find Kristiansen’s call futile. But looking back at the reviews published in EJA in
Detecting and treating suicide ideation in all settings.

Published for Joint Commission-accredited organizations and interested health care professionals, Sentinel Event Alert identifies specific types of sentinel and adverse events and high risk conditions, describes their common underlying causes, and recommends steps to reduce risk and prevent future occurrences. Accredited organizations should consider information in a Sentinel Event Alert when designing or redesigning processes and consider implementing relevant suggestions contained in the alert or reasonable alternatives. Please route this issue to appropriate staff within your organization. Sentinel Event Alert may be reproduced if credited to The Joint Commission. To receive by email, or to view past issues, visit www.jointcommission. org. The rate of suicide is increasing in America. 1 Now the 10 th leading cause of death, 2 suicide claims more lives than traffic accidents 3 and more than twice as many as homicides. 4 At the point of care, providers often do not detect the suicidal thoughts (also known as suicide ideation) of individuals (including children and adolescents) who eventually die by suicide, even though most of them receive health care services in the year prior to death, 5 usually for reasons unrelated to suicide or mental health. 5-7 Timely, supportive continuity of care for those identified as at risk for suicide is crucial, as well. 8 Through this alert, The Joint Commission aims to assist all health care organizations providing both inpatient and outpatient care to better identify and treat individuals with suicide ideation. Clinicians in emergency, primary and behavioral health care settings particularly have a crucial role in detecting suicide ideation and assuring appropriate evaluation. Behavioral health professionals play an additional important role in providing evidence-based treatment and follow-up care. For all clinicians working with patients with suicide ideation, care transitions are very important. Many patients at risk for suicide do not receive outpatient behavioral treatment in a timely fashion following discharge from emergency departments and inpatient psychiatric settings. 6 The risk of suicide is three times as likely (200 percent higher) the first week after discharge from a psychiatric facility 9 and continues to be high especially within the first year 6,10 and through the first four years 11 after discharge. This alert replaces two previous alerts on suicide (issues 46 and 7). The suggested actions in this alert cover suicide ideation detection, as well as the screening, risk assessment, safety, treatment, discharge, and follow-up care of at-risk individuals. Also included are suggested actions for educating …
Approximations to Solutions to Systems of Linear Inequalities

In this paper we consider a result of Hoffman [J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. , 49 (1952) pp. 263-265] about approximate solutions to systems of linear inequalities. We obtain a new representation for a corresponding Lipschitz bound via singular values. We also provide geometric representations of these bounds via extreme points. The latter have been developed independently by Bergthaller and Singer [Linear Algebra Appl. , 169 (1992), pp. 111-129] and Li [Linear Algebra Appl. , 187 (1993), pp. 15-40], but, our proofs are simpler. We obtain a particularly simple proof of Hoffman's existence result which relies only on linear programming duality.
Correction for Graupner and Brunel, Calcium-based plasticity model explains sensitivity of synaptic changes to spike pattern, rate, and dendritic location

NEUROSCIENCE Correction for “Calcium-based plasticity model explains sensitivity of synaptic changes to spike pattern, rate, and dendritic location,” by Michael Graupner and Nicolas Brunel, which appeared in issue 10, March 6, 2012, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (109:3991–3996; first published February 22, 2012; 10.1073/ pnas.1109359109). The authors note that they omitted a reference to an article by Kumar and Mehta [Kumar A, Mehta MR (2011) Frequencydependent changes in NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity. Front Comput Neurosci 5:38, 10.3389/fncom.2011. 00038]. This reference should be cited on page 3993, right column, third full paragraph, after lines 5–10, “In this preparation, pairs of single preand postsynaptic spikes repeated at θ-frequency yield LTD only (similar to our D region), whereas pairing a single presynaptic spike with a burst of two postsynaptic spikes yields curves that are similar to our DPD or P region, depending on the duration of the protocol. ” Additionally, on page 3992, left column, first full paragraph, line 12, “NoiseðtÞ 1⁄4 σ ffiffi τ p Θ1⁄2cðtÞ−minðθd; θpÞ ηðtÞ” should instead appear as “NoiseðtÞ 1⁄4 σ ffiffi τ p ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi ΘðcðtÞ− θdÞ þ ΘðcðtÞ− θpÞ p ηðtÞ”.
Power Management in Ultra-low Power Systems

The evolving vision of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) will revolutionize various applications such as remote health monitoring, home automation and remote surveillance. It has been projected that by 2025, there will be 1 trillion IoT devices influencing our daily lives. This will result in the generation of an enormous amount of data, which will have to be stored, processed and transmitted efficiently and reliably. Although advancements in Integrated Circuit (IC) design and the availability of various Ultralow Power (ULP) circuit components have helped us to visualize an ecosystem of numerous internetconnected devices, the overall system integration will become a major challenge. A System-on-Chip (SoC), catering to IoT applications is expected to contain many different circuit components such as sensors and Analog-Front-Ends (AFEs) for real-time signal acquisition, analog-to-digital converters, digital signal processors, memories, wireless transceivers etc. All these components have different supply voltage requirements and power profiles. Hence, power delivery to such components in an SoC will play an important role in the overall system architecture. Although, battery-powered systems have traditionally worked well in portable electronics but in an IoT ecosystem, the cost of battery replacement in a trillion-sensor node network will be enormous. In many applications, such as remote surveillance, systems require a long operational lifetime. Moreover, system deployment should be unobtrusive and hence such systems should have small form factors. The above requirements are hard to meet using conventional battery-powered systems. Hence, in most IoT SoCs, there is a strong motivation for an integrated Power Management Unit (PMU), with energy harvesting capability for near-perpetual battery-less operation, which can provide a range of supply voltage rails to satisfy the electrical specifications of different functional units. This dissertation will address the design challenges related to energy autonomy and power-delivery in a wireless sensor node. We propose a fully integrated energy harvesting platform with a capability to harvest from multiple sources of energy such as indoor solar and thermoelectric generators (TEGs). Additionally, we also propose a power-efficient supply regulation scheme to meet the electrical specifications of the various components of a self-powered, battery-less SoC. Finally, we demonstrate several ULP digital and mixed-signal circuit components, which can be leveraged in an energyautonomous system. The proposed solutions to power delivery will enhance the operational lifetime, reduce the overall form factor and contribute towards attaining energy-autonomy to facilitate a wide range of applications related to the IoT.