Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metaphor thoughtfully

Some Cognitive Linguistic theorizing and related psychological experimentation points to the active use of metaphorical, source/target relationships (mappings) in the mind even when external metaphorical communications are absent. However, some ramifications of this need attention. This article explores how people might mentally add metaphor while understanding discourse, i.e., mentally couch their understanding in metaphorical terms not used by the discourse itself. This could even involve giving a literal sentence a metaphorical understanding. Metaphor addition is suggested by psychological evidence of bidirectionality in metaphor, where there is not only the normal, “forwards” transfer of information from source to target but also “reverse” transfer. In a different vein, the article deepens the author’s previous Anti-Analogy- Extension Thesis whereby source-domain items that are not mapped into the target can nevertheless be crucial in indirectly illuminating the target, and therefore arguably crucial in representing it. This results in an unusually holistic and fictionalist view of mental representation.
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD WINDINGS-BASED ULTRA LOW-PROFILE POWER CONDITIONING CIRCUITS FOR SDR APPLICATION SYSTEMS

A method and apparatus are disclosed for predistorting an input signal to a non-linear amplifier. An appropriate precorrection is determined for the input signal over a series of iterative stages according to an amplifier model. The amplifier model includes a limiting function that clips the input signal to reduce error due to amplifier saturation. The determined precorrection is then applied to the input signal.
Between and beyond additivity and non-additivity : the statistical modelling of genotype by environment interaction in plant breeding

In plant breeding it is a common observation to see genotypes react differently to environmental changes. This phenomenon is called genotype by environment interaction. Many statistical approaches for analysing genotype by environment interaction rely heavily on the analysis of variance model. Genotype by environment interaction is then taken to be equivalent to non-additivity. This thesis criticizes the analysis of variance approach. Modelling genotype by environment interaction by non-additivity is little parsimonious and interaction patterns remain hard to interpret. Interpretation is hindered by the multitude of parameters that require interpretation and the fact that these parameters do not refer to external genotypic and environmental information. A viable alternative is presented in the form of multiplicative models for interaction. The latter can be distinguished in two classes; factorial regression models and multilinear models. Factorial regression models describe genotype by environment interaction in direct relation to explicit external genotypic and environmental covariables. They are ordinary linear models that allow the testing of biologically interesting hypotheses about the mechanisms responsible for genotype by environment interaction. Multilinear models are based on low rank approximations to the tables of non-additivity parameters. Parameter estimates can be obtained from multiplicative decompositions of the non-additivity tables. Multilinear models guarantee a parsimonious description of the interaction. When genotypic and environmental interaction parameters are plotted simultaneously in so-called biplots, the emerging patterns often allow biologically interesting conclusions. The successful application of multiplicative models for interaction is illustrated for a number of variables in a number of crops like white cabbage, sugar beet perennial ryegrass, lettuce, wheat, potato and maize. The data came from plant breeding, resistance breeding, variety trials, and seed technology research. Theoretical contributions include the introduction of reduced rank factorial regression models in plant breeding, the development of generalized bilinear models, and the implementation of quadrilinear models for three-way non-additivity. In addition, the use of diagnostic biplots as a model screening device for two-way tables is described and evaluated. Besides applied and theoretical papers, the thesis contains extensive reviews of the possibilities of linear and bilinear models for modelling genotype by evironment interaction. Two opinion papers provide conceptual clarifications. The thesis not only addresses plant breeders interested in modelling genotype by environment interaction, but also statisticians and researchers interested in parsimonious modelling of interactions.
Measuring Health Sciences Research Capacity in Africa: Mapping The Available Data

Background: In recent years there have been calls to strengthen health sciences research capacity in African countries. This capacity can contribute to improvements in health, social welfare, and poverty reduction through domestic application of research findings; it is increasingly seen as critical to pandemic preparedness and response. Developing research infrastructure and performance may reduce national economies’ reliance on primary commodity and agricultural production, as countries strive to develop knowledge-based economies to help drive macroeconomic growth. Yet efforts to date to understand health sciences research capacity are limited to output metrics of journal citations and publications, failing to reflect the complexity of the health sciences research landscape in many settings. Methods: We map and assess current capacity for health sciences research across all 54 countries of Africa by collecting a range of available data. This included structural indicators (research institutions and research funding), process indicators (clinical trial infrastructures, intellectual property rights, and regulatory capacities) and output indicators (publications and citations). Results: While there are some countries which perform well across the range of indicators used, for most countries the results are varied – suggesting high relative performance in some indicators, but lower in others. Missing data for key measures of capacity or performance is also a key concern. Taken as a whole, existing data suggest a nuanced view of current health sciences research landscape on the African continent.Conclusion: Mapping existing data may enable governments and international organisations to identify where gaps in health sciences research capacity lie, particularly in comparison to other countries in the region. It also highlights gaps where more data are needed. These data can help to inform investment priorities and future system needs.
Sustainable Growth: dominating debate and an emergy view

Sustainable growth is a controversial concept in the context of sustainable development. In this paper the concept is examined critically, from a general and an emergy point of view. The discussion brings out a new dilemma put to global society in relation to the use of resources. There is a pressure for more physical growth to attend a growing demand of human populations, with increasing demands for higher standards of living that implies in a increased destruction of natural capital stocks but, this destruction cannot keep going on because there is a high risk situation if the biosphere biological and physical limits are overcome. Therefore in addition to checking just economic growth facets, the human system need to be put in spotlight in a more holistic approach to the problem of environmental degradation. The thermodynamic foundation of the emergy concept underlines the physical growth limitations. However, information is not thermodynamically limited in the same way as energy and matter. If money is considered an information flow it may grow decoupled from energy and matter. If sustainability is viewed from a pulsing perspective, there may be periods when money can grow and still be within the frame of sustainability.
Assessment of Patient-Reported Outcomes After Polytrauma: A Systematic Review

Background: Tools assessing patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after polytrauma have not been systematically reviewed so far. Therefore, we sought to: (1) collect instruments that assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL), activities of daily living (ADL), and social participation during follow-up after polytrauma, (2) describe their use (e.g. frequency of application during follow-up), and (3) investigate other relevant PROs assessed in the included studies (e.g. pain, depression, anxiety). Methods: The search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, the trials registers ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO ICTRP. All original empirical research published between January 2005 and April 2018 was included. Data extraction, narrative content analysis, and a critical appraisal were performed.Results: The search yielded 3496 hits and 54 publications were included in the review. Predominantly, HRQoL was assessed (in 48 of 54 publications), with Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) applied most frequently. ADL and (social) participation were rarely assessed. The follow-up period lasted between 8 days and 17.5 years; assessments were performed between one and five times. Most used were a single assessment of PROs, a follow-up period of 1 to 1.5 years, and a postal survey. Other relevant PRO areas reported were function, mental disorders, and pain.Conclusions: There is a large variation in the assessment of PROs after polytrauma, impairing comparability of outcomes. First efforts to standardise the collection of PROs have been initiated, but further harmonisation between central players, such as trauma registers, is required. Definition and continuous collection of core outcome sets would improve comparability of study results, creating the basis for more targeted treatment. Additional knowledge on rarely reported PRO areas like (social) participation and social network may lead to their consideration in health services provision.Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42017060825)
Tapering and Peaking for Optimal Performance

Chapter 1. Basics of Tapering Chapter 2. Taper-Associated Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Changes Chapter 3. Taper-Associated Biochemical, Hormonal, Immunological Changes Chapter 4. Taper-Associated Psychological Changes Chapter 5. Reduction of the Training Load Chapter 6. Designing the Taper for Performance Improvements Chapter 7. Insights From Mathematical Modeling Chapter 8. Unique Aspects of Team Sport Tapering Chapter 9. Tapering for Individual Endurance Sports Chapter 10. Tapering for Sprint and Power Events Chapter 11. Tapering for Precision Sports Chapter 12. Tapering for Team Sports.
Novel Test Fixture for Characterizing Microcontacts: Performance and Reliability

Abstract : Engineers have attempted to improve reliability and lifecycle performance using novel micro-contact metals, unique mechanical designs and packaging. Contact resistance can evolve over the lifetime of the micro-switch by increasing until failure. This work shows the fabrication of micro-contact support structures and test fixture which allow for micro-contact testing, with an emphasis on the fixture's design to allow the determination and analysis of the appropriate failure mode. The other effort of this investigation is the development of a micro-contact test fixture which can measure contact force and resistance directly and perform initial micro-contact characterization, and two forms of lifecycle testing for micro-contacts at rates up to 3kHz. In this work, two different designs of micro-contact structures are fabricated and tested, with each providing advantages for studying micro-contact physics. After fabrication was refined, three functioning fixed-fixed Au micro-contact support structures with contact radii of 4, 6, and 10 μm and two functioning fixed-fixed Ag micro-contacts were tested using the μN force sensor at cycle rates up to 3 kHz. Comparing the PolyMUMPs micro-contact support structure to the fixed-fixed micro-contact support structure, it was determined that the fixed-fixed micro-contact support structure is the best structure for studying the evolution of micro-contact resistance.
Relationship between seaweeds consumption and hyperuricaemia in general adults: a Population-based study from the Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH) cohort study

Abstract Seaweeds have numerous biologically active ingredients, such as polysaccharides, polyphenols and carotenoids, that are beneficial to human health. Although these benefits might be related to the synthesis, secretion or reabsorption of uric acid, no studies have explored the relationship between seaweeds consumption and hyperuricaemia (HUA) in the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate whether seaweeds consumption is related to HUA in a large-scale adult population. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 32 365 adults (17 328 men and 15 037 women) in Tianjin, People’s Republic of China. Frequency of seaweeds consumption was assessed by a validated self-administered FFQ. HUA was defined as serum uric acid levels >420 μmol/L in men and >350 μmol/L in women. The association between seaweeds consumption and HUA was assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Restricted cubic spline functions were used for non-linearity tests. The prevalence of HUA in men and women was 21·17 % and 5·93 %, respectively. After adjustments for potential confounding factors, the OR (95 % CI) for HUA across seaweed consumption (g/1000 kcal per d) were 1·00 (reference) for level 1, 0·91 (95 % CI 0·81, 1·02) for level 2; 0·90 (95 % CI 0·81, 1·01) for level 3; 0·86 (95 % CI 0·78, 0·97) for level 4 in men and 0·90 (95 % CI 0·73, 1·10) for level 2; 0·82 (95 % CI 0·67, 1·00) for level 3; 0·84 (95 % CI 0·68, 1·03) for level 4 in women, respectively. A negative correlation between seaweeds consumption and HUA in males but not in females was observed. Further studies are needed to explore the causal relationship.
A naturalistic decision making model for simulated human combatants

The authors describe a naturalistic behavioral model for the simulation of small unit combat. This model, Klein's recognition-primed decision making (RPD) model, is driven by situational awareness rather than a rational process of selecting from a set of action options. They argue that simulated combatants modeled with RPD will have more flexible and realistic responses to a broad range of small-scale combat scenarios. Furthermore, they note that the predictability of a simulation using an RPD framework can be easily controlled to provide multiple evaluations of a given combat scenario. Finally, they discuss computational issues for building an RPD-based behavior engine for fully automated combatants in small conflict scenarios, which are being investigated within Sandia's Next Generation Site Security project.
Experts' Opinions on the Reliability Gap and Some Practical Guidelines on Reliability Growth

Abstract : Over the years, the reliability of fielded weapon systems has consistently been less that what was predicted. In the area of avionics equipment, the reliability gap between predicted mean-time-between-failures (MTBFs) and field MTBFs was reported to range from 7:1 to 20:1 (38:231). The inability to accurately relate factory (whether specified, required, or demonstrated) reliability to the field reliability of weapon systems/subsystems has a significant impact on operational readiness and life cycle costs. To study the reliability gap between factory and field reliability, this research is divided into three distinct phases, with the following objectives: 1. To examine the existence of the reliability gap in airborne tactical radars. 2. To identify and analyze the major contributors to the reliability gap. Specifically, to identify the most significant contributors. 3. To explore practical guidelines on how to minimize the reliability gap. Specifically, to identify some practical guidelines on reliability growth. To examine the existence of the reliability gap, this thesis obtained the data from NAVAIR and examined the radars on Air Force and Navy aircraft. Using experts'/practitioners' (DoD & Industry) opinions, contributors to practical guidelines on reliability growth management were also indentified. Theses.
Optimal Control of a Gliding Parachute System

Abstract : The optimal control of a gliding parachute system descending at a constant rate is considered for the problem of minimizing the terminal distance from the target at touchdown. Utilizing the parachute bank angle as a control variable, two formulations are presented for the constrained and unconstrained control variable cases, each of which requires the solution to a nonlinear two point boundary value problem. Using the free descent path of the parachute as a nominal solution, a sub-optimal feedback control law is derived which approximates the solution to the unconstrained control variable cases. This control law requires an estimate of the wind vector, as well as measurements of the position and velocity of the parachute relative to the target and air respectively.
On Object Oriented Nondeterministic Supervisory Control

Implementation of complex discrete event fabrication processes can be considerably simplified by use of general reusable software modules representing the physical components. At the same time, construction of the control system can be facilitated by applying the supervisory control theory for the automatic generation of control laws. These two aspects can be joined into a general concept with object-oriented modeling and control law synthesis as foundations. The goal is to allow an operator to specify operation lists describing the required sequences of operations for the manufacturing of the product, independently of constraints given by a specific plant. With a suitable model of the capabilities and constraints of the resources of that plant, a product route can be automatically generated from the operation list. Such a product route describes all available paths through the system, for each type of product, irrespective of any other type of product that may be simultaneously present within the production system. Given a set of product routes and a model of the plant, control laws guaranteeing production according to those product specifications can be synthesized. Based on the supervisory control theory, using interleaved product routes as specification, we show how such control laws can be synthesized. An added complexity is that the specification becomes non-deterministic, in the sense that the same string of events can lead to different system states. We show that the supervisory control theory can be used with non-deterministic specifications assuming certain properties. An algorithm for synthesis of a non-deterministic supervisor is presented. We also describe an object-oriented modeling approach to discrete event fabrication processes. It is shown that the properties that have been defined as necessary for the non-deterministic supervisory approach are immediate by the modeling approach. Thus, we show that the approach to non-deterministic supervisory control can be combined with object-oriented modeling techniques, and so we have a powerful framework for implementing control of large and complex discrete event fabrication processes.
Conduction mechanisms in metal/self‐assembled monolayer/metal junctions

The conduction mechanisms in metal-insulator-metal (MIM) junctions where the insulator consists of a self-assembled monolayer are investigated. Temperature dependence measurements from 2.5 to 300 K, show that the conduction is dominated by tunnelling only for temperatures below 20 K, while at higher temperatures surface-limited and bulk-limited mechanisms are observed. The experimental results are explained using a combination of direct (Simmons) tunnelling, Schottky emission, and Poole-Frenkel theory. Further insight is gained through numerical simulations based on the non-equilibrium Green-function formalism.
Implementation of Public Services in Bogor Regency

Public service has always been the centre of public attention, similarly for Building Permit service (IMBG) in Bogor. This study aims to describe and analyse the quality of public services as well as inhibiting and supporting factors. Research approach is qualitative, with the type of descriptive research. Techniques for choosing informant are purposive, snowball and accidental. Data collected through in-depth interview techniques, documentation, and observation. Research results shows less qualified of IMBG service in Bogor District, because the procedures and requirements was convoluted, the completion time of permit did not appropriately refer to SOP; although the institution already got ISO 9001: 2008, the moral hazard was high. Inhibiting factors includes: human resources, facilities and infrastructure, whereas systems of supporting factor is certificate of ISO, low retribution, there is SOP for Front Office and friendly employee. Therefore, we made some recommendations: 1). As soon as possible apply the system level bureaucracies by e-service. 2). Simplify the procedures and requirements. 3). Integrated maintenance of technical and administrative requirements. 4). Theoretical SOP for implication adjusted time, reinforce the idea of Bovens and Zouridis on System of Bureaucracies Level. Practical implications, Bogor Government should immediately implement the Level System of bureaucracies.
In-Flight Observations of Long-Term Single Event Effect(SEE)Performance on Orbview-2 and Xray Timing Explorer(XTE)Solid State Recorders (SSR)

This paper presents Single Event Effect (SEE) in-flight data on Solid State Recorders (SSR) that have been collected over a long period of time for two NASA spacecraft: Orbview-2 and XTE. SEE flight data on solid-state memories give an opportunity to study the behavior in space of SEE sensitive commercial devices. The actual Single Event Upset (SEU) rates can be compared with the calculated rates based on environment models and ground test data. The SEE mitigation schemes can also be evaluated in actual implementation. A significant amount of data has already been published concerning observed SEE effects on memories in space. However, most of the data presented cover either a short period of time or a small number of devices. The data presented here has been collected on a large number of devices during several years. This allows statistically significant information about the effect of space weather fluctuations on SEU rates, and the effectiveness of SEE countermeasures used to be analyzed. Only Orbview-2 data is presented in this summary. XTE data will be included in the final paper.