Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carving Perfect Layers out of Docker Images

Container frameworks such as Docker have changed the way developers package, share, and deploy applications. Container images form a cornerstone of this new model. Images contain applications and their required runtime dependencies and can be easily versioned, stored, and shared via centralized registry services. The ease of creating and sharing images has led to a rapid adoption of container technology but registries are now faced with the task of efficiently storing and serving millions of images. While in theory identical parts of Docker images can be shared across images and stored only once as layers, in practice this provides limited benefits as layers are rarely fully identical. In this paper, we argue that Docker image layers should be reorganized in order to maximize their overlap and, thereby, reduce storage and network consumption. This argument is based on the observation that many layers only differ in a small number of files but would otherwise be identical. We present a set of design challenges that need to be solved when realizing such a reorganization approach, e.g., how to optimally reorganize layers, how to deal with the scale of current registries, and how to integrate the approach into the container image lifecycle. We then present a mathematical formulation of the problem and evaluate it on a set of real Docker images. Our preliminary results provide storage savings of 2.3×, and indicate that promising network savings are possible.
Chapter 2 Southern Europe at a Glance : Regional Disparities and Human Capital

Looking at Southern Europe—Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece—as a unique group of countries or a homogeneous area may not have an immediate justification. Maybe there are more things that keep us apart than common features that bind us together. Beyond its relative location as a large southern periphery of the European Union, there are however, some common trends and some indicators performing similarly. It is already commonplace that Southern Europe has been particularly hit by the present crisis (see also Chap. 3 in this volume), that it has an ageing population, and large regional disparities, as it is itself, as a block, a large peripheral region! Although Greece, Portugal and Spain joined the European Union in the 1980s, creating the first great divide inside the community, Italy being one of the initial members had revealed the north-south contrast long before. In spite of this and the previous initiatives and projects for the development of Southern Italian Mezzogiorno, the addition of three new countries from Southern Europe led to structural changes in the community policies with a general aim of convergence. Ever since, convergence, or rather the lack of it, has dominated the European Agenda in different areas. In the first years following the Southern enlargement the main focus of the European policies was convergence at the country level, and some goals have been achieved. However the strong wish for regional equilibrium has remained unattained. New policies have been designed and assessed and different
Master of Arts in “ Global Risks and Analytics ” “ Assessing Terrorist Cyber-Risks and the Potential Use of Terrorist Cyber-Threats in the Maritime Sector

September 11, 2001, made clear that terrorists have t e ability to use unconventional means for their attacks. Terrorists’ strategy started shiftin g towards economic targets and proved that ordinary means of transportation can be transformed into lethal weapons. Since September 11, 2001 worries have arisen within the maritime sector about the possibility for terrorist actions against ships, and port facilities by terrorists us ing ships as weapons approximately in the same way as airplanes were used as weapons. There have b een fears that the terrorists might make use of piracy sea tactics to achieve successful att acks at sea. However, delivering attacks in the maritime environment presents many problems. The ma in worries for all the stakeholders then shifted to a potential tactical nexus between pirac y nd terrorism. Nevertheless, there is no evidence that pirates and terrorists have a collusi n or that they will because there exists a very thin line between them. Consequently, terrorists ar e trying to advance their methods in order to achieve their goals by overcoming these barriers. T herefore, terrorists adjust their tactics, modus operandi and sometimes even their weapon syst ems and exploit the dependence of commerce and communication on electronic means so a s t ccomplish their efforts. Recent recorded cases of successful cyber-attacks require the sector’s full attention. The aim of this dissertation is to identify the main problems in th e maritime sector, describe the methods that terrorists use for their purposes and perform a ris k analysis to map out potential threat scenarios that involve cyber-attacks to ships and critical ma ritime infrastructures. Assessing Terrorist Cyber-Risks and the Potential U se of Terrorist Cyber-Threats in the Maritime Sector.
METHOD OF PRODUCING INFECTIOUS REOVIRUS

Natalie et al. Virus Research 1998, vol. 54, pp. 225-235. * Berry et al., “Production of Reovirus Type-1 and Type-3 from Vero Cells Grown on Solid and Macroporous Microcarriers. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 62, (1999), pp. 12-19. Bos, J. L. , “Ras Oncogenes in Human Cancer: A Review. ” Canc. Res., 49(17), pp. 4682-4689 (1989). Chandron and Nibert, “Protease cleavage of reovirus capsid protein mul and mu1C is blocked by alkyl sulfate deter gents, yielding a new type of infectious Subvirion particle. ” J. of Virology, 72(1), (1998), pp. 467-475. Coffey, M.C. , et al., “Reovirus therapy of tumors with activated Ras pathway. ” Science 282, (1998), pp. 1332 1334. Hand, et al., J. Gen. Virol. , 12:121-130 (1971). Hand, et al., J. Mol. Biol., 82:175-183 (1974). Drastini, Y. , et al., “Comparison of eight different procedures for harvesting avian reoviruses grown in Vero cells. J. of Virological Methods, 39, (1992), pp. 269-278. Jones, R.C. , et al., “Different sensitivities of Vero cells from two sources to avian reoviruses. ” Research in Veterinary Science, 48, (1990), pp. 379-380. McRae, M.A. and Joklik, W.K. , “The nature of the polypeptide encoded by each of the 10 double-stranded RNA segments of reovirus type 3. Virology, 89, (1979), pp. 578-593. Meanger, J., et al., “Immune response to avian reovirus ain chickens and protection against experimental infection. ” Aust. Vet. J., 75(6), (Jun. 1997), pp. 428-432. Nwajei, B.N. C. , et al., “Comparison of chick embryo liver and Vero cell cultures for the isolation and growth of avian reoviruses. ” Avian Pathology, 17, (1988), pp. 759-766.
Muscle torque-total torque relationships at the shoulder and elbow: Rules for initiating multijoint arm movements

One concept central to theories of multijoint control concerns the selection of muscles for the appropriate joint motion. For multijoint movements, a given muscle torque at an individual joint can lead to flexion, extension, or very little motion, since mechanical effects coming from other segments interact with muscle torque. This study quantified the contribution of muscle torque to initial joint motion for horizontal arm movements throughout the workspace. Previous studies of arm mechanics have been limited to a few movements or have focused on one joint In contrast, this study reports data for both the shoulder and elbow joints. Moreover, a large number of movements were used for which direction, excursion, and distance were manipulated. Using high speed video recordings and techniques of inverse dynamics, a ratio of muscle torque to total torque was computed for each movement as a measure of contribution of muscle torque to joint acceleration. One consistent finding was that the muscle torque contribution consistendy differed between the shoulder and elbow for most of the workspace. At one joint, muscle torque directly contributed to acceleration with negligible interaction torque ('simple' muscle torque contribution), thus the joint appeared to act as the launcher of the arm. At the other joint, both muscle and interaction torques contributed to joint acceleration ('complex' contribution), thus the joint appeared to be responding to mechanical effects from motion at other joints. This contrast between joints may provide a simplifying feature for multijoint arm control. Specifically, only one of the two joints has complex
The impact of nontargeted HIV screening in emergency departments and the ongoing need for targeted strategies.

gency departments. Acad Emerg Med. 2008;15(2):144-150. 35. Kelen GD, Rothman RE. Emergency department-based HIV testing: too little, but not too late. Ann Emerg Med. 2009;54(1):65-71. 36. Pisculli ML, Reichmann WM, Losina E, et al. Factors associated with refusal of rapid HIV testing in an emergency department. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(4):734-742. 37. Rayment M, Thornton A, Mandalia S, et al. HIV testing in non-traditional settings: the HINTS study. Poster session presented at the 18th International AIDS Conference; July 18-23, 2010; Vienna, Austria. 38. Marks G, Gardner LI, Craw J, Crepaz N. Entry and retention in medical care among HIV-diagnosed persons: a meta-analysis. AIDS. 2010;24(17):26652678.
Preventing obesity and promoting cardiometabolic health: the promise and potential of policies and the Affordable Care Act.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States has increased substantially over the last 4decades.Themost recent (2009Y2010) population estimates based on data from the National Health and NutritionExaminationSurvey (NHANES) indicate that 35.7% of adults and 16.9% of children and adolescents are obese. Although there has been no change in the prevalence of obesity among adults or children from the 2007Y2008 to the most recent 2009Y2010 NHANES survey, there continue to be racial and ethnic as well as socioeconomic and geographic disparities. Non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics have a significantly higher prevalence of both overweight and obesity compared with their nonHispanic white counterparts. Approximately 44% of non-Hispanic blacksareobeseand80%ofHispanics are overweight or obese. Similar racial and ethnic disparities have been observed in children, particularly among Hispanic boys and nonHispanic black girls. Of note, the prevalence of obesity is highest among low-incomechildren. In addition, geographic disparities have persisted throughout the NHANES surveys conducted from the late nineties (1998Y1999) through 2010. Specifically, the highest rates are observed intheSoutheast,Appalachia,andtribal lands in the West and North Plains. Clearly, the changes in prevalence of both overweight and obesity over a relatively short period of time cannot be attributed to genetic factors. Changes in potentially modifiable environmental factors that promote reduced energy expenditure and increased energy intake have been cited as important factors contributing to the development and expression of overweight status. Taken together, the prevalence and trends in obesity observed over the past several decades have prompted the attention of the scientific community as well as healthcare providers, consumers, and policy makers. Recent attention has emphasized the need for a life course approach to prevention of this adverse health condition and multilevel policy changes necessary to create healthy home, school, workplace, and community environments. The evidence and rationale for emphasis on primordial and primary prevention are compelling. Accumulated data indicate that obesity present in childhood and adolescence is associated with adverse cardiometabolic conditions, including dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition, obesity present in childhood and adolescence tracks into adulthood. That is, comparedwith theirnormal-weight schoolage and adolescent counterparts, obese children and adolescents are more likely to be obese in adulthood. Obesity present in adulthood is also associated with adverse cardiometabolic health and is considered a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Collectively, this evidence argues convincingly for prevention of obesity beginning early in life and extending throughout the life course. Obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and energy
Global challenges of graduate level Ayurvedic education

time to ensure the relevance of Ayurveda education. b. Strict regulatory norms are implemented while granting approvals to the institutions. c. Uniform pay packages and regular promotions are ensured to attract and retain good teachers and clinicians in the education system. d. NET-like compulsory national level screening test is introduced to assess the quality of the aspiring teachers before declaring them eligible for lectureship. 3. At present, India follows the policy model of “parallel approach”, where traditional systems of medicine and Allopathy are segregated. [3] Implementation of the policy model of “integrated approach”, where all streams of medicine are integrated at all the levels of education and practice, as being followed in China and Vietnam,[4] may be the eventual solution for this problem. Letters to Editor
IMPROVEMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL AMINATED CHITOSAN/PVA BLENDS MEMBRANES FOR FOOD PACKAGING APPLICATIONS.

El-Refaie Kenawy 1 , Tarek Fayed 1 , M S. Mohy Eldin 2,3 , * T M. Tamer 3 and A El Kfrawy 1 . 1. Polymer Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt. 2. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Osfan, P. O. Box: 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. 3. Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technologies, and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, P.O. Box: 21934 Alexandria, Egypt. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Improved pseudo-ductile behavior of powder metallurgical tungsten short fiber-reinforced tungsten (Wf/W)

For the first wall of a fusion reactor unique challenges on materials in extreme environments require advanced features in areas ranging from mechanical strength to thermal properties. The main challenges include wall lifetime, erosion, fuel management and overall safety. For the lifetime of the wall material, considerations of thermal fatigue due to transient heat loading are crucial as severe mechanical and thermal loads during operation are expected. Tungsten (W) is the main candidate material for the first wall of a fusion reactor as it is resilient against erosion, has the highest melting point of any metal and shows rather benign transmutation behavior under neutron irradiation. However, Tungsten has an issue related to intrinsic brittleness as well as operational embrittlement. To overcome this, a W-fiber enhanced W-composite material (Wf/W) incorporating extrinsic toughening mechanisms has been developed. Recently progress has been made in the powder metallurgical routes towards fully dense multi short-fiber Wf/W. For reasonable performance with respect to mechanical properties and hydrogen retention a fully dense pseudo-ductile Wf/W with is crucial. The properties of the used fibres are crucial. For the composite mechanisms to work a level of strength of the used fibres is required. In this contribution the change in ductility of the fibres is studied. In this contribution it is shown that excluding or minimising the impact of carbon impurities during the sintering process can significantly improve the mechanical properties of the fibres. New test results on the behaviour of PMWf/W with and without a diffusion barrier during the sintering show a clear benefit as the fibres can retain ductility. Not the grain growth during sintering but the carbon present during sintering is clearly identified as determining the mechanical properties of the fibres.
A driver drowsiness and distraction warning system based on raspberry Pi 3 Kit

In this article, a system to detect driver drowsiness and distraction based on image sensing technique is created. With a camera used to observe the face of driver, the image processing system embedded in the Raspberry Pi 3 Kit will generate a warning sound when the driver shows drowsiness based on the eye-closed state or a yawn. To detect the closed eye state, we use the ratio of the distance between the eyelids and the ratio of the distance between the upper lip and the lower lip when yawning. A trained data set to extract 68 facial features and “frontal face detectors” in Dlib are utilized to determine the eyes and mouth positions needed to carry out identification. Experimental data from the tests of the system on Vietnamese volunteers in our University laboratory show that the system can detect at realtime the common driver states of “Normal”, “Close eyes”, “Yawn” or “Distraction”
fMRI evidence of a hot-cold empathy gap in hypothetical and real aversive choices

Hypothetical bias is the common finding that hypothetical monetary values for “goods�? are higher than real values. We extend this research to the domain of “bads�? such as consumer and household choices made to avoid aversive outcomes (e.g., insurance). Previous evidence of hot-cold empathy gaps suggest food disgust is likely to be strongly underestimated in hypothetical (cold) choice. Depending on relative underestimation of food disgust and pain of spending, the hypothetical bias for aversive bads can go in the typical direction for goods, disappear, or reverse in sign. We find that the bias is reversed in sign — subjects pay more to avoid bads when choice is real. fMRI shows that real choice more strongly activates striatum and medial prefrontal cortex (reward regions) and shows distinct activity in insula and amygdala (disgust, fear regions). The neural findings suggest ways to exogeneously manipulate or record brain activity in order to create better forecasts of actual consumer choice.
Optimization of Time-Consuming Objective Functions

The building sector presents one of the largest economic and environmental footprints. Building performance optimization can minimize this impact by combining (1) algorithmic approaches, to generate multiple building design variants, (2) simulation tools, to evaluate building’s performance regarding distinct aspects, and (3) optimization algorithms, to seek more efficient building designs. Unfortunately, despite the existence of different optimization algorithms, their application to architectural optimization problems is not well-studied and this often drives architects towards the simplest available algorithm. However, this rarely is the most efficient option for addressing a specific problem, in particular, due to the time-intensive simulations required to evaluate building designs. As a result, poor algorithm selection might lead to unacceptable optimization times and less efficient designs. This dissertation addresses optimization algorithms specifically tailored for handling simulation-based optimization problems. In particular, we develop and assess an optimization framework in the context of three architectural case studies involving singleand multi-objective optimization of simulation-based building performance. Obtained results reveal that solutions’ quality and the time spent in optimization are strongly dependent on the algorithm’s choice. Thus, different algorithms should be tested in order to determine the one that better fits an optimization problem. Finally, this dissertation presents the benefits of optimization to reduce the impact of the building sector and motivates its introduction as an indispensable phase of the architectural design process.
Developmental brain maps : structure of the embryonic rat brain

Foreword. I. Overview. II. Structural differentiation of the brain. A. Neural plate differentiation: polarity, symmetry, and regionalization. B. Neural tube formation: Invagination. C. Brain vesicles and neuromeres: Transverse regionalization. 1. Extent of transverse regionalization. 2. Neuromeres versus segments. D. The birth of neurones: Longitudinal regionalization. E. Nonradial migration and fate mapping. III. Later development of major brain regions. A. Forebrain. 1. Endbrain: Cortex and basal nuclei. 2. Interbrain: Retina, thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary. B. Midbrain and hindbrain. C. Differentiation of the midline. IV. Mapping developmental patterns. A. Major axes (longitudinal and transverse) and plane of section. B. Flat maps of the neural tube. C. Mapping experimental results. V. Problems of identification and nomenclature. VI. Comparing mouse and rat brain development. VII. Materials and methods. VIII. Atlas of developmental stages (photographs and drawings). A. Embryonic day 8: gastrulation. B. Embryonic day 9: the neural plate and optic stalk. C. Embryonic day 10: the 3 primary brain vesicles. D. Embryonic day 11: the 5 vesicle stage. E. Embryonic day 12: extensive mantle layer formation. 1. Transverse series. 2. Horizontal series. F. Embryonic day 13: mantle layer differentiation. G. Embryonic day 14: further mantle differentiation. H. Embryonic day 15: further mantle differentiation. 1. Transverse series. 2. Horizontal series. I. Embryonic day 17: further mantle differentiation. 1. Transverse series. 2. Horizontal series. J. Embryonic day 20: most adult cell groups recognizable. List of abbreviations. References. Index.
Poultry breeding and genetics

Foreword. Part I. Poultry Biology. Origin and history of poultry species (R.D. Crawford). Poultry genetic resources: evolution, diversity and conservation (R.D. Crawford). Reproductive biology in relation to breeding and genetics (H.P. Van Krey). Preservation of avian cells (M.R. Bakst). II. Qualitative Genetics. Genetics of plumage, skin and eye pigmentation in chickens (J.R. Smyth, Jr.). Mutations and major variants of plumage and skin in chickens (R.G. Somes, Jr.). Mutations and major variants of muscles and skeleton in chickens (R.G. Somes, Jr.). Genetics of biochemical variants in chickens (A.A. Grunder). Mutations and major variants of the nervous system in chickens (R.D. Crawford). Mutations and major variants of other body systems in chickens (R.G. Somes, Jr. et al.). Lethal mutant traits in chickens (R.G. Somes, Jr.). Mutations and major variants in turkeys (T.F. Savage). Mutations and major variants in Japanese quail (K.M. Cheng, M. Kimura). Mutations and major variants in guinea fowl (R.G. Somes, Jr.). Mutations and major variants in ring-necked pheasants (R.G. Somes, Jr.). Mutations and major variants in domestic ducks (F.M. Lancaster). Mutations and major variants in muscovy ducks (C. Fedeli Avanzi, R.D. Crawford). Mutations and major variants in geese (R.O. Hawes). Cytology and cytogenetics (J.J. Bitgood, R.N. Shoffner). Pleiotropic and associated effects of major genes (P. Merat). Linkage relationships and gene mapping (J.J. Bitgood, R.G. Somes, Jr.). III. New Directions in Poultry Genetics. Immunogenetics (S.J. Lamont, R.R. Dietert). Molecular genetics (G. Bulfield). Genetic engineering (R.M. Shuman). IV. Quantitative Genetics and Selection. Genetics of growth and meat production in chickens (J.R. Chambers). Genetics of growth and meat production in turkeys (E.G. Buss). Genetics of growth and meat production in other galliforms (H.L. Marks). Genetics of growth and meat production in waterfowl (H. Pingel). Genetics of egg production in chickens (R.W. Fairfull, R.S. Gowe). Genetics of egg production in other galliforms (H.L. Marks). Genetics of egg production and reproduction in waterfowl (H. Pingel). Genetic variation in egg composition (K.W. Washburn). Disease genetics (J.S. Gavora). Nutritional genetics (R.A.E. Pym). Behavioral genetics (P.B. Siegel, E.A. Dunnington). Genotype x environment interactions (A.K. Sheridan). Heterosis (R.W. Fairfull). Genetic controls in selection (R.S. Gowe, R.W. Fairfull). Inbreeding (H. Abplanalp). V. Applied Breeding and Selection. Industrial breeding and selection (P. Hunton). Breeding and selection by poultry fanciers (W.C. Carefoot). Breeding and selection programs in developing countries (T.K. Mukherjee). Author Index. Subject Index.