Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Manipulation of multidimensional plasmonic spectra for information storage

We demonstrate a concept of optical data storage through plasmonic resonances of metallic nanostructures. Metallic nanostructures exhibit strong variations in their reflectance and/or transmittance spectra due to surface plasmon polariton resonances. We study the variations in spectra through 50×50 arrays of repeated unit cells covering a total area of ∼50×50 μm2. Each cell contains ten different nanofeatures, such as an ellipse, a ring, a circle, a triangle, a square, etc. The size of each unit-cell is 500×500 nm2, and the periodicity is 1.0 μm. The variations in spectra are obvious enough to be distinguished and then retrieved.
A Comparative Study on Methods for Convergence Acceleration of Iterative Vector Sequences

We discuss several methods for accelerating the convergence of the iterative solution of nonlinear equation systems commonly in use and point to interrelations between them. In particular we investigate two of the most sophisticated schemes, namely the Anderson mixing and the Broyden update, both generalized to the consideration of arbitrarily many previous iterations. For the Broyden method we give a new derivation which is much simpler than that recently proposed by Vanderbilt and Louie. We show that if the additional parameters invented by these authors in order to increase flexibility are used to optimize the convergence of the iteration process they in fact cancel out. In addition we prove that in this (optimal) case the Anderson mixing and the Broyden update as applied to the inverse Jacobian are fully identical. Thus we come to the conclusion that neither of these schemes is superior. Moreover, we show that Broyden update of the inverse Jacobian is superior to updating the Jacobian itself. Finally we propose an extension of the Anderson mixing which avoids the numerical difficulties all these methods are faced with.
Multidimensional Breeden-Litzenberger representation for state price densities and static hedging

In this article, we consider European options of type $h(X^1_T, X^2_T,\ldots, X^n_T)$ depending on several underlying assets. We study how such options can be valued in terms of simple vanilla options in non-specified market models. We consider different approaches related to static hedging and derive several pricing formulas for a wide class of payoff functions $h:\R_+^n\rightarrow \R$. We also give new relations between prices of different options both in one dimensional and multidimensional case.
Drift Mirror Instability in the Magnetosphere

A new theory of the mirror instability is developed which includes the effects of ∇B and ∇n, finite Larmor radius, and a coexisting cold plasma. It is shown that the instability becomes overstable with a frequency equal to the drift wave frequency, which may be determined by the wave‐number that gives the maximum growth rate. The theory is applied to explain the sudden kink in the increase (decrease) of proton flux (magnetic field) and the subsequent oscillations observed during a storm time on 18 April 1965 by detectors on the Explorer 26 satellite.
Sonochemical Synthesis of Spherical BaTiO3 Nanoparticles

Monosized spherical barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoparticles have been synthesized successfully via sonochemical reaction. The as-synthesized BaTiO3 nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction of powder, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The XRD pattern of BaTiO3 particles, which were synthesized under irradiation of ultrasonic sound for 0.5 h, showed sharp diffraction peaks that corresponded to the cubic BaTiO3 phase. Only a small amount of BaCO3 contamination was present in the sample. The Raman active modes of the samples in this study were similar to the cubic phase of BaTiO3. The average diameter of sonochemical synthesized particles was ∼99.54 ± 18.25 nm. The synthesized BaTiO3 nanoparticles were almost spherical.
Topological vortex dynamics in axisymmetric viscous flows

The topology of vortex lines and surfaces is examined in incompressible viscous axisymmetric flows with swirl. We argue that the evolving topology of the vorticity field must be examined in terms of axisymmetric vortex surfaces rather than lines, because only the surfaces enjoy structural stability. The meridional cross-sections of these surfaces are the orbits of a dynamical system with the azimuthal circulation being a Hamiltonian H and with time as a bifurcation parameter μ. The dependence of H on μ is governed by the Navier–Stokes equations; their numerical solutions provide H. The level curves of H establish a time history for the motion of vortex surfaces, so that the circulation they contain remains constant. Equivalently, there exists a virtual velocity field in which the motion of the vortex surfaces is frozen almost everywhere; the exceptions occur at critical points in the phase portrait where the virtual velocity is singular. The separatrices emerging from saddle points partition the phase portrait into islands; each island corresponds to a structurally stable vortex structure. By using the flux of the meridional vorticity field, we obtain a precise definition of reconnection: the transfer of flux between islands. Local analysis near critical points shows that the virtual velocity (because of its singular behaviour) performs ‘cut-and-connect’ of vortex surfaces with the correct rate of circulation transfer - thereby validating the long-standing viscous ‘cut-and-connect’ scenario which implicitly assumes that vortex surfaces (and vortex lines) can be followed over a short period of time in a viscous fluid. Bifurcations in the phase portrait represent (contrary to reconnection) changes in the topology of the vorticity field, where islands spontaneously appear or disappear. Often such topology changes are catastrophic, because islands emerge or perish with finite circulation. These and other phenomena are illustrated by direct numerical simulations of vortex rings at a Reynolds number of 800.
Design of compact dual-band co-axially fed microstrip antenna for 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN applications

This paper presents a single-layer co-axial fed compact rectangular microstrip antenna for 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN applications. The antenna consists of four rectangular and one triangular slot inside the patch and one rectangular open-ended slot inside the ground plane. Measured impedance bandwidths (2.36–2.485 and 5.14–6.43 GHz) show that the antenna is suitable for the applications in WLAN IEEE 802.11b/g and IEEE 802.11a bands.
Adaptive robust actuator fault compensation for linear systems using a novel fault estimation mechanism

This paper investigates the problem of adaptive fault‐tolerant control for a class of linear systems with time‐varying actuator faults. The outage and loss‐of‐effectiveness fault cases are covered. An active fault compensation control law was designed in two steps. Firstly, the time‐varying fault parameters were estimated based on a novel adaptive observer. Compared with the traditional adaptive observer, the actuator fault estimations are faster and the high‐frequency oscillations can be attenuated effectively. Such oscillations are usually caused by increasing the gains of adaptive laws to deal with abrupt changes in system dynamics. Then, based on online estimations of the fault parameters, an adaptive fault‐tolerant controller was constructed to compensate for the loss of actuator effectiveness and to eliminate the effect of fault estimation error. The asymptotic stability and an adaptive ℋ∞ performance of a closed‐loop system can be guaranteed, even in the case of actuator faults and disturbances. Simulation results are given to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absolute time scale of lunar mare formation and filling

The high titanium basalts collected in the maria Tranquillitatis and Serenitatis crystallized 3.5-3.9 Ga ago. The ages of the low titanium rocks found in Oceanus Procellarum and on the eastern edge of mare Imbrium are lower, 3.1-3.4 Ga. There is, however, evidence that high-Ti basalts with lower ages and low-Ti basalts with higher ages occur on the Moon. The observed age spread of rocks even in limited areas suggests that lava flow activity in a basin lasted for several 100 Ma. The age variability of Apollo 11 basalts is particularly well documented: there are at least three different times of rock formation, two for the low-K and one for the high-K rocks. The ages of the oldest mare basalts 10003 (high-Ti, low-K rock) and 14053 (an igneous rock with low-Ti, low-K, high-Al mare basalt composition) of 3.91 ± 0.03 Ga and 3.95 ± 0.03 Ga respectively, suggest that mafic basalt flows had already begun to invade the older basins when the last basin-forming impacts occurred.
A Liouville-type theorem for Lane-Emden systems

We provide a partial positive answer to a well-known conjecture about the nonexistence of positive solutions to Lane-Emden systems below the critical Sobolev hyperbola. Our proof is based on a monotonicity argument for suitable transformed functions. It relies on a special form of the Alexandrov-Serrin moving planes method, as well as some refined forms of the Maximum Principle for elliptic systems that we develop here. It is our hope that our method will shed some new light on this delicate problem.
Enhanced light transmission through a metallic nanolens consisting of multiple nanorings

In this study, we investigated light transmission based on a metallic nano-lens for imaging applications. The nano-lens consists of multiple nano-rings formed in a thin metal film. Four types of nano-lens structures in a 50-nm thick gold film were simulated using rigorous coupled-wave analysis. Each nano-lens is designed to operate as a lens element that focuses transmitted light. The results show the focal power increasing with the ring number and the enhancement of achievable numerical aperture compared to that of conventional lenses.
Transient phase change effect during the crystallization process in phase change memory devices

The transient current waveform during a crystallization process in a phase change memory device was measured and analyzed. It revealed two important time parameters, which were termed as delay time and current recovery time. A link between this transient phase change effect and its crystallization kinetics was established. The delay time was found to be the minimum pulse duration before an onset of resistance change. The current recovery time was the time the device takes to complete its transition from high resistance to low resistance. Real-time crystallization characterization was applied to demonstrate the differences between nucleation and growth dominated materials used in the devices.
Space–Time Covariance Functions

This work considers a number of properties of space–time covariance functions and how these relate to the spatial-temporal interactions of the process. First, it examines how the smoothness away from the origin of a space–time covariance function affects, for example, temporal correlations of spatial differences. Models that are not smoother away from the origin than they are at the origin, such as separable models, have a kind of discontinuity to certain correlations that one might wish to avoid in some circumstances. Smoothness away from the origin of a covariance function is shown to follow from the corresponding spectral density having derivatives with finite moments. These results are used to obtain a parametric class of spectral densities whose corresponding space–time covariance functions are infinitely differentiable away from the origin and that allows for essentially arbitrary and possibly different degrees of smoothness for the process in space and time. Second, this work considers models that are asymmetric in space–time; the covariance between site x at time t and site y at time s is different than the covariance between site x at time s and site y at time t. A general approach is described for generating asymmetric models from symmetric models by taking derivatives. Finally, the implications of a Markov assumption in time on space–time covariance functions for Gaussian processes are examined, and an explicit characterization of all such continuous covariance functions is given. Several of the new models described in this work are applied to wind data from Ireland.
Biogenic nanoparticles: production, characterization, and application of bacterial magnetosomes

The ability of magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) to navigate along magnetic field lines is based on unique nanosized organelles (magnetosomes), which are membrane-enclosed intracellular crystals of a magnetic iron mineral that assemble into highly ordered chain-like structures. The biomineralization of magnetosomes is a process with genetic control over the accumulation of iron, the deposition of the magnetic crystal within a specific compartment, as well as the assembly, alignment and intracellular organization of particle chains. Magnetite crystals produced by MTB have uniform species-specific morphologies and sizes, which are mostly unknown from inorganic systems. The unusual characteristics of magnetosome particles have attracted a great interdisciplinary interest and inspired numerous ideas for their biotechnological application. In this article, we summarize the current knowledge of magnetosome biomineralization in bacteria. In addition, we will present results on the mass production, as well as the biochemical and physico-chemical analysis and functionalization of bacterial magnetosomes, with emphasis on their characterization as a novel class of magnetic nanoparticles. Finally, we describe the potential of magnetosomes in various biomedical and technological applications.
Physical model of the contact resistivity of metal-graphene junctions

While graphene-based technology shows great promise for a variety of electronic applications, including radio-frequency devices, the resistance of the metal-graphene contact is a technological bottleneck for the realization of viable graphene electronics. One of the most important factors in determining the resistance of a metal-graphene junction is the contact resistivity. Despite the large number of experimental works that exist in the literature measuring the contact resistivity, a simple model of it is still lacking. In this paper, we present a comprehensive physical model for the contact resistivity of these junctions, based on the Bardeen Transfer Hamiltonian method. This model unveils the role played by different electrical and physical parameters in determining the specific contact resistivity, such as the chemical potential of interaction, the work metal-graphene function difference, and the insulator thickness between the metal and graphene. In addition, our model reveals that the contact resist.
Enhanced radiance bias correction in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation data assimilation system

Radiance bias correction is an important and necessary step in the proper use of satellite observations in a data assimilation system. The original radiance bias‐correction scheme used in the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) data assimilation system consists of two components: a variational air‐mass dependent component and a scan‐angle component. The air‐mass component is updated within the GSI, while the scan‐angle component is updated outside the GSI.
The Effects of Doubling the CO2 Concentration on the climate of a General Circulation Model

Abstract An attempt is made to estimate the temperature changes resulting from doubling the present CO2 concentration by the use of a simplified three-dimensional general circulation model. This model contains the following simplications: a limited computational domain, an idealized topography, no beat transport by ocean currents, and fixed cloudiness. Despite these limitations, the results from this computation yield some indication of how the increase of CO2 concentration may affect the distribution of temperature in the atmosphere. It is shown that the CO2 increase raises the temperature of the model troposphere, whereas it lowers that of the model stratosphere. The tropospheric warming is somewhat larger than that expected from a radiative-convective equilibrium model. In particular, the increase of surface temperature in higher latitudes is magnified due to the recession of the snow boundary and the thermal stability of the lower troposphere which limits convective beating to the lowest layer. It is .
An electron microscope study of the structure and morphology of a magnetically hard PtCo alloy

Alloys near the composition PtCo can be quenched to retain a disordered fcc phase. Aging at a suitable temperature produces an ordered tetragonal phase of type AuCuI. The C axis is an easy axis of magnetization with an anisotropy constant of ∼ 107 erg cm−3. Aging produces a magnetically hard alloy. In the early stages of aging ordered regions of diameter 50–100A were found with their C axes oriented at random parallel to one or other of the three original disordered cubic ′a′ axes. In the optimum high coercivity state particles of like C axis (diameter ∼200A) group together on {110} planes; the c axis being at 45° to the {110} plane. In the overaged state like particles merge to form lamellae of one particular C axis the other orientations being consumed. Approaches to a better understanding of the hardening process are discussed.
A polarization-independent broadband terahertz absorber

A highly efficient broadband terahertz absorber is designed, fabricated, and experimentally as well as theoretically evaluated. The absorber comprises a heavily doped silicon substrate and a well-designed two-dimensional grating. Due to the destructive interference of waves and diffraction, the absorber can achieve over 95% absorption in a broad frequency range from 1 to 2 THz and for angles of incidence from 0° to 60°. Such a terahertz absorber is also polarization-independent due to its symmetrical structure. This omnidirectional and broadband absorber have potential applications in anti-reflection coatings, imaging systems, and so on.
Spurious Response Suppression in Microstrip Bandpass Filters Using Defected Microstrip Structures

Abstract A new technique for suppressing the spurious passband of microstrip bandpass filters using defected microstrip structures is presented. This new defected microstrip structure resonator is realized by etching an open ring in the microstrip line. Due to its bandstop nature, the defected microstrip structure resonator can be used in microstrip bandpass filters to eliminate the spurious response. A detailed, fast, and accurate analysis using multiconductor transmission lines, and the method of lines is introduced to design the defected microstrip structure structure. The great advantage of the proposed technique is that the design procedure of the filter does not differ from its conventional counterpart; also, the transmission zeros can be allocated to suppress any unwanted passband. To demonstrate the versatility of the proposed method, simulated and measured results for two typical coupled-line and interdigital bandpass filters are presented. The results reveal that the defected microstrip structure integrated bandpass filters can provide a rejection level exceeding 35 dB in the first spurious passband.
Algorithm 1 Three-Colour G̃ Phase

Amit, Linial, and Matoušek (Random lifts of graphs III: in dependence and chromatic number, Random Struct. Algorithms , 2001) have raised the following question: Is the chromatic number of random h-lifts of K5 asymptotically (for h → ∞) almost surely (a.a.s.) equal to a single number? In this pap er, we offer the following partial result: The chromatic number of a random lift of K5 \ e is a.a. s. three.
Extended scheme of chan-vese models for colour image segmentation

The classic Chan–Vese (CV) model has been adopted in many applications. Many generalisations have been developed to improve both its applicability and efficiency, such as the two-phase model for vector-valued images by Chan and Vese. The vectorial CV model integrates multichannel information using the method similar to transforming a colour image into a grey one. It is invalid when an object and its background have close intensities. In this study, the classic CV model is generalised for colour images by using the strategy of segmenting an image from channel to channel. A multichannel segmentation combination (MSC) method is proposed to integrate the information of multiple level sets. In order to overcome the weakness that the correlation among different channels is not well considered in usual from-channel-to-channel methods, a novel multichannel ratio transformation (MRT) is introduced. And a variant HSV (VHSV) colour space is proposed to make every channel reflect region information without distortion. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can obtain segmentation more accurately, and affords advantage in time-cost. Besides, the proposed method is valid only in the case of colour images with eight segments, but it can be enhanced by using the multiphase model.
Space environment's effect on MODIS calibration

The MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer flies on board the Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites Terra and Aqua in a sun-synchronous orbit that crosses the equator at 10:30 AM and 2:30 PM, respectively, at a low earth orbit (LEO) altitude of 705 km. Terra was launched on December 18,1999 and Aqua was launched on May 4, 2002. As the MODIS instruments on board these satellites continue to operate beyond the design lifetime of six years, the cumulative effect of the space environment on MODIS and its calibration is of increasing importance. There are several aspects of the space environment that impact both the top of atmosphere (TOA) calibration and, therefore, the final science products of MODIS. The south Atlantic anomaly (SAA), spacecraft drag, extreme radiative and thermal environment, and the presence of orbital debris have the potential to significantly impact both MODIS and the spacecraft, either directly or indirectly, possibly resulting in data loss. Efforts from the Terra and Aqua Flight Operations Teams (FOT), the MODIS Instrument Operations Team (IOT), and the MODIS Characterization Support Team (MCST) prevent or minimize external impact on the TOA calibrated data. This paper discusses specific effects of the space environment on MODIS and how they are minimized.
A Critical Analysis of Alternative Investment Opportunities Available, Risk and Return for High Networth Individuals

Portfolio Management has been an integral part for any investor. Each Investor, whether small or big is trying to maximize his/ her returns by making a diversified investment. To diversify the investment the risk and return trade off of each investment avenue has to be studied. Therefore the study of portfolio management and risk and return is very important of an investor. Now days there are professional investment advisors who study the risk and return portfolio of each investor and design the most well suited portfolio from him/ her. Banks also provide professional investment advice. This has opened up a huge market for the advisors and has become very competitive