Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations in Cigarette Smoking and Health Conditions by Race/Ethnicity Among a Diverse Sample of Patients Receiving Treatment in a Federally Qualified Health Care Setting in Chicago

Purpose: To examine the association of cigarette use and smoking-related health conditions by race/ethnicity among diverse and low-income patients at a federally qualified health center (FQHC). Methods: Demographics, smoking status, health conditions, death, and health service use were extracted from electronic medical data for patients seen between September 1, 2018, and August 31, 2020 (n=51,670). Smoking categories included everyday/heavy smoker, someday/light smoker, former smoker, or never smoker. Results: Current and former smoking rates were 20.1% and 15.2%, respectively. Males, Black, White, non-partnered, older, and Medicaid/Medicare patients were more likely to smoke. Compared with never smokers, former and heavy smokers had higher odds for all health conditions except respiratory failure, and light smokers had higher odds of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, and peripheral vascular disease. All smoking categories had more emergency department visits and hospitalizations than never smokers. The associations between smoking status and health conditions differed by race/ethnicity. White patients who smoked had a greater increase in odds of stroke and other cardiovascular diseases compared with Hispanic and Black patients. Black patients who smoked had a greater increase in odds of emphysema and respiratory failure compared with Hispanic patients. Black and Hispanic patients who smoked had a greater increase in emergency care use compared with White patients. Conclusion: Smoking was associated with disease burden and emergency care and differed by race/ethnicity. Health Equity Implications: Resources to document smoking status and offer cessation services should be increased in FQHCs to promote health equity for lower income populations.
Search for correlations between the optical and radio polarization of active galactic nuclei – I. VLBA polarization data at 15 + 22 + 43 GHz

Although the continua of radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are typically dominated by synchrotron radiation over virtually the entire spectrum, it is not clear whether the radio and higher frequency emission originates in the same or different parts of the jet. In some inhomogeneous synchrotron source models, the radio and ultraviolet-optical-infrared emission may be co-spatial, depending on the model parameters considered. Indeed, several different radio-optical correlations based on polarization data have been found recently, suggesting that the optical and radio polarization may be closely related in some AGNs, and that the corresponding emission regions may be co-spatial. Our joint analysis of optical and 15 + 22 + 43 GHz Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) polarization data for a sample of about 40 AGNs shows that, after correction for the inferred VLBA core Faraday rotations, about 50-55 per cent of BL Lac objects and high-polarization quasars, and about 65 per cent of high-polarization quasars (LPQs) have aligned VLBA-core and optical polarization angles to within 20°; a considerable number of objects also show no obvious relationship between their VLBA-core and optical polarization angles. This may indicate that only some AGNs have co-spatial regions of optical and radio emission in their jets. However, another possibility is that some of the 15-43 GHz VLBA cores have Faraday rotations of the order of several tens of thousand of rad m -2 , which were not properly fitted using our three-frequency data due to n × π ambiguities in the observed polarization angles, leading to inaccurate subtraction of the effects of the core Faraday rotation and so incorrect 'zero-wavelength' radio polarization angles.
S-ALLYL-L-CYSTEINE-INDUCED ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-APOPTOTIC EFFECTS IN CHONDROCYTES IS ASSOCIATED WITH SUPPRESSION OF THE MITOCHONDRIAL INFLAMMATION PATHWAY

One major aspects to consider while dealing with osteoarthritis is oxidative stress. This deleterious oxidative stress is responsible for the increased production of Reactive Oxygen Species and triggers several inflammatory pathways, including Mitochondrial Inflammation Pathway (MIP), which leads the cell to apoptosis. Chondrocytes, under oxidative stress, are unable to synthesize cartilage efficiently. S-Allyl-L-Cysteine (SAC) is known to be a potent natural, water-soluble antioxidant derived from garlic whose antioxidant properties have been evaluated in several diseases at the molecular level; other than osteoarthritis. Herein, we investigated the potential of S-Allyl-L-Cysteine (SAC) preconditioning of chondrocytes against oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial inflammation. SAC priming alleviated oxidative stress-induced injuries by significantly improved cell viability, morphology and activated cell migration. In addition, decreased lactate dehydrogenease, increased superoxide dismutase release and retention of glycosaminoglycans were observed.SAC preconditioning ameliorated the injurious effects of oxidative stress as revealed by significant downregulation in gene expression of hypoxia-induciblefactor 1α (Hif-1α), Xanthine Oxidase (XO), Caspase-9 (Casp-9), Caspase-3(Casp-3), Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). These findings suggest that SAC preconditioning might enhance the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy of chondrocytes by regulating the MIP pathway and improving cellular responses.
Sidelobe suppression in annular array and axicon imaging systems

The equations describing the focal depth two‐way cw beam patterns of an annular array, which is focused on transmit and receive, are analyzed. The approach of using different size apertures on transmit and receive, in order to place the minima of one beam pattern near the sidelobe of the other for sidelobe suppression, is investigated. The optimum sidelobe response occurs when the transmit aperture is about 0.76 (or 1/0.76) of the receive aperture. A similar analysis is carried out for J20 synthesis in axicon imaging. The effects of pulsed mode operation, aperture apodization, and the shape of the beam pattern outside of the focal depth are investigated with computer simulations for the beam pattern of a 5‐MHz annular array.
FERM domain containing kindlin 1 knockdown attenuates inflammation induced by intracerebral hemorrhage in rats via NLR family pyrin domain containing 3/nuclear factor kappa B pathway

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is an incurable neurological disease. Microglia activation and its related inflammation contribute to ICH-associated brain damage. FERM domain containing kindlin 1 (FERMT1) is an integrin-binding protein that participates in microglia-associated inflammation, but its role in ICH is unclear. An ICH model was constructed by injecting 50 µl of autologous blood into the bregma of rats. FERMT1 siRNA was injected into the right ventricle of the rat for knockdown of FERMT1. A significant striatal hematoma was observed in ICH rats. FERMT1 knockdown reduced the water content of brain tissue, alleviated brain hematoma and improved behavioral function in ICH rats. FERMT1 knockdown reduced microglia activity, inhibited NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activity and decreased the expression of inflammatory factors including IL-1β and IL-18 in the peri-hematoma tissues. BV2 microglial cells were transfected with FERMT1 siRNA and incubated with 60 µM Hemin for 24 h. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome induced by hemin were reduced in microglia when FERMT1 was knocked down, leading to decreased production of inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18. In addition, knockdown of FERMT1 prevented the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Our findings suggested that down-regulation of FERMT1 attenuated microglial inflammation and brain damage induced by ICH via NLRP3/NF-κB pathway. FERMT1 is a key regulator of inflammatory damage in rats after ICH.
Paper 6: Hydrodynamic Stability of the Flow between Eccentric Rotating Cylinders: Visual Observations and Torque Measurements

The effect of varying the eccentricity on the appearance of Taylor vortices in journal bearing oil films, and the subsequent transition to turbulent flow, has been studied by means of visual observations and torque measurements.The vortices have been made visible using a suspension of aluminium paint pigment in the fluid, and also by dye injection, in an apparatus having a perspex outer cylinder.When the cylinders are eccentric, transition from laminar to turbulent flow is observed to proceed in four stages, an additional instability being present when compared with the concentric cylinder case. Only the second of these transitions causes a distinct change in the slope of the torque–speed characteristic.
An Automated Farmer Health Monitoring System using IoMT

Farmers more than anyone should be able to access healthcare as healthcare must be accessible and reachable. To improve the lifestyle of the farmers, they are much needed to have a system that can analyze the surroundings, environment and physiological body features. A direct or indirect impact on farmer health through a is proposed here. The proposed system will be in the IoMT framework. This produces an accuracy of approximately 98%. This system can reach out to help when required.
Prestrained effect on the emission properties of InGaN∕GaN quantum-well structures

The authors demonstrate the spectral redshift of the quantum wells (QWs) designated for green emission into the orange range in a light-emitting diode by adding a violet-emitting QW at the bottom in metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. An electroluminescence redshift of 53nm was obtained. The cathodoluminescence spectra indicated that the long-wavelength QWs close to the violet one were strongly influenced by this added QW and mainly emitted the orange photons. Those near the top were less affected. This influence is supposed to originate from the prestrained effect in the barrier layer right above the violet QW. Such a prestrained effect is expected to be more effective when the underlying QW is well shaped and the heterojunction strain is strong, like the case of the violet QW. This effect is weak between the high-indium QWs, in which the formation of indium-rich clusters releases the strain.
LaRIS: Targeting Portability and Productivity for LAPACK Codes on Extreme Heterogeneous Systems by Using IRIS

In keeping with the trend of heterogeneity in high-performance computing, hardware manufacturers and vendors are developing new architectures and associated software stacks (e.g., libraries) to harness the best possible performance from commonly used kernels (e.g., linear algebra kernels). However, kernels tuned for one architecture are not portable to others. Moreover, the coexistence of different architectures in a single node makes orchestration difficult. To address these challenges, we introduce LaRIS, a portable framework for LAPACK functionalities. LaRIS ensures a separation between linear algebra algorithms and vendor-library kernels by using the IRIS run time and IRIS-BLAS library. Such abstraction at the algorithm level makes the implementation completely agnostic to the vendor library and architecture. LaRIS uses the IRIS run time to dynamically select the vendor-library kernel and suitable processor architecture at run time. Through LU factorization, we demonstrate that LaRIS can fully utilize different heterogeneous systems by launching and orchestrating different vendor-library kernels without any change in the source code.
Your attention, please! Determining saliency of competing audio stimuli in natural scenarios

Perceptual saliency is a precursor to bottom-up attention modeling. While visual saliency models are approaching maturity, auditory models remain in their infancy. This is mainly due to the lack of robust methods to gather basic data, and oversimplifications such as an assumption of monaural signals. Here we present the rationale and initial results of a newly designed experimental paradigm, testing for auditory saliency of natural sounds in a binaural listening scenario. Our main goal is to explore the idea that the saliency of a sound depends on its relation to background sounds by using more than one sound at a time, presented against different backgrounds. An analysis of the relevant, emerging acoustical correlates together with other descriptors is performed. A review of current auditory saliency models and the deficiencies of conventional testing approaches are provided. These motivate the development of our experimental test bed and more formalized stimulus selection criteria to support more versat.
Targeted and responsive biomaterials in osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by loss of articular cartilage and chronic inflammation, involving multiple cellular dysfunctions and tissue lesions. The non-vascular environment and dense cartilage matrix in the joints tend to block drug penetration, resulting in low drug bioavailability. There is a desire to develop safer and more effective OA therapies to meet the challenges of an aging world population in the future. Biomaterials have achieved satisfactory results in improving drug targeting, prolonging the duration of action, and achieving precision therapy. This article reviews the current basic understanding of the pathological mechanisms and clinical treatment dilemmas of OA, summarizes and discusses the advances for different kinds of targeted and responsive biomaterials in OA, seeking to provide new perspectives for the treatment of OA. Subsequently, limitations and challenges in clinical translation and biosafety are analyzed to guide the development of future therapeutic strategies for OA. As the need for precision medicine rises over time, emerging multifunctional biomaterials based on tissue targeting and controlled release will become an irreplaceable part of OA management.
PUF Based Authentication System for IoT Nodes: A Comparative Study

Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) is an established hardware security primitive which is useful in mitigating chip counterfeiting, IP protection and cryptographic key generation. In this paper, we propose a XOR based Arbiter PUF which is an improvement to conventional arbiter PUF. A network of XOR gates is placed between the arbiter stages in conventional arbiter PUF to construct the proposed PUF. The PUF can be configured for different size of challenge response pairs (CRPs) due to its modular design. It is scalable in terms of the stages of arbitration required as well as the width of the challenge bits given as input The designed PUF is implemented on Xilinx Artix-7 and Spartan-6 FPGAs and the standard PUF design metrices like uniqueness, reliability and uniformity are measured and comparative analysis is presented. The proposed PUF exhibits the better PUF metrics in comparison with conventional Arbiter PUF and other recently presented PUF topologies in the literature. Near field communication (NFC) based applications needs the sound authentication systems and PUF circuits are suitable for the purpose. The proof-of-concept prototype is developed for authentication in NFC systems using proposed XOR based PUF and effectiveness of proposed PUF is validated.
Planar Leaky-Wave Antenna Featuring Wideband Fixed-Beam Radiation and Tailorable Directional Angle for Millimeter-Wave Applications

Inspired by the well-known power/energy leakage phenomenon between an unshielded grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) and its neighboring parallel-plate waveguide (PPW), a class of simple, low-cost, and planar leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) exhibiting wideband fixed-beam radiation and tailorable directional angle are systematically investigated and developed for millimeter-wave applications. The capability of providing wideband fixed-beam radiation (desired) and the inflexibility of altering the beam’s directional angle (undesired) are first studied and revealed concerning a uniform GCPW LWA. Then, to freely tailor its beam angle while maintaining such wideband radiation, three effective engineering techniques, i.e., using periodic GCPW/PPW and altering the PPW’s pitch angle, have been proposed and separately examined. Two LWAs using part of these techniques are modeled, fabricated, and measured for demonstration purposes. Simulated and measured results are in good agreement, and both exhibit the expected wideband fixed-beam radiation and tailorable directional angle. Due to the merits of simple configuration, well-behaved electrical behaviors, and good design flexibilities, our proposed GCPW LWAs may be potentially deployed for millimeter-wave systems such as 60-GHz point-to-point communications.
Spectral Statistics and Local Luminosity Function of a Complete Hard X-Ray Sample of the Brightest Active Galactic Nuclei

We have measured the X-ray spectral properties of a complete flux-limited sample of bright active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the HEAO-1 all-sky catalogs to investigate their statistics and provide greater constraints on the bright end of the hard X-ray luminosity function (HXLF) and the AGN population synthesis model of the X-ray background. Spectral studies using data from ASCA, XMM-Newton, and/or BeppoSAX observations have been made for almost all AGNs in this sample. The spectral measurements enable us to construct the neutral absorbing column density (log NH) distribution and separate HXLFs for absorbed (log NH[cm-2] > 21.5) and unabsorbed AGNs in the local universe. Our results show evidence of a difference in the shapes of the HXLFs of absorbed and unabsorbed AGNs in that the absorbed AGN HXLF drops more rapidly at higher luminosities than that of unabsorbed AGNs, similar to what has been previously reported. In the LX-NH plot we find no AGNs in the high-luminosity, high-intrinsic-absorption regime (log LX[ergs s-1] > 44.5 and log NH[cm-2] > 21.5) in our sample, in which we expect approximately five AGNs if we assume that the absorbed and unabsorbed AGNs have identical HXLF shapes. We also find that the fluxes observed with ASCA or XMM-Newton are smaller than that observed with HEAO-1 by a factor of 0.29 on average, which is expected for reobservation of sources with a factor of ∼2.5 variability amplitude scale.
EEG based mental task classification using arithmetic operations

The human brain is exposed to a variety of positive and negative emotions, such as stress, happiness, frustration, and attention, while completing any task. Techniques for brain-computer interface (BCI) can be used to study and identify these emotions. The most widely used neuroimaging technique for the examination of brain activity is the Electroencephalogram (EEG), which is affordable, reliable, and non-invasive. Here, the EEG signal pattern during the introduction of a mental task is investigated. In the study, the dataset was taken from PHYSIONET, named as EEG during mental arithmetic tasks. Data of ten healthy volunteers was taken among 36 participants in two different modes-rest and mental task-with a sample frequency of 500 Hz. Overall, all, 11 frequency domain features were examined in this work, including power band features, band power ratios, and relative powers. Additionally, two wavelet features-spectral entropy and Shannon entropy-were added to the feature set. From time domain features, mean, standard deviation and variation features were also extracted. Six Classifiers were used and among them neural networks provided highest accuracy of 98.8%.
Optogenetics: Therapeutic spark in neuropathic pain.

Optogenetics is an emerging field, which uses light and molecular genetics to manipulate the activity of live cells by expressing light-sensitive proteins. With the discovery of bacteriorhodopsin, a light-sensitive bacterial protein, in 1971 Oesterhelt and Stoeckenius laid the pavement of optogenetics. However, the cross-integration of different disciplines is a little more than a decade old. The toolbox contains fluorescent sensors and optogenetic actuators which enable visualization of signaling events and manipulation of cellular activities, respectively. Neuropathic pain is a pain caused either by damage or disease that affects the somatosensory system. The exact mechanism for the neuropathic pain is not known, however proposed mechanisms include immune reactions, ion channel expressions, and inflammation. Current regimen for the disease provides about 50% relief for only 40-60% of patients. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate the potential therapeutic applications of optogenetics by manipulating the activity of neurons. This review summarizes the basic concept, therapeutic applications for neuropathy and potential of optogenetics to reach from bench to bedside in the near future.
The precise minimax redundancy

A code C/sub n/ : /spl Ascr//sup n/ /spl rarr/ {0, 1} * is defined as a mapping from the set /spl Ascr//sup n/ of all sequences x/sub 1//sup n/ = (x/sub 1/,., x/sub n/) of length n over the finite alphabet /spl Ascr/ to the set {0, 1}* of all binary sequences. Given a probabilistic source model, we let P(x/sub 1//sup n/) be the probability of the message x/sub 1//sup n/; given a code C/sub n/, we let L(C/sub n/,x/sub 1//sup n/) be the code length for x/sub 1//sup n/. The pointwise redundancy is defined as R/sub n/(C/sub n/,P;x/sub 1//sup n/)=L(C/sub n/, x/sub 1//sup n/) + log P(x/sub 1//sup n/), while the average redundancy R~/sub n/ (C/sub n/, P) and the maximal redundancy R/sub n/* (C/sub n/, P) are defined.
Abstract 145: Dietary Intake And Quality Among Stroke Survivors Compared To Matched Controls Who Participated In The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey: 1999 - 2018

Introduction: Nutrition is an important modifiable risk factor for the prevention and treatment of stroke. However, the examination of nutrient intake and diet quality in stroke survivors is limited. The purpose of this study was to estimate usual nutrient intake and diet quality in a nationally representative sample of US adults who have a history of stroke and compare to controls. Methods: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018 data were used to examine 1,626 stroke survivors matched for age, gender, and survey cycle to their respective controls (n=1,621), with no history of stroke. Data were collected on demographics and dietary intake and quality (assessed by Healthy Eating Index [HEI] 2015) from at least one reliable 24-h dietary recall. Estimates were reported as mean[SE]. Differences in continuous and categorical variables were assessed using independent-samples t-tests and Rao-Scott Chi-Squared tests, respectively. Results: In comparison to controls, stroke survivors were more likely to report excessive (% > Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range) intake for total fat (50.9%[2.7] vs. 40.4%[2.2], p<.001), and inadequate intake (% < Estimated Average Requirement) for calcium (54.6%[1.8] vs. 43.5%[2.4], p=.001) and magnesium (66%[1.8] vs. 53.6%[1.8], p<.001). In addition, stroke survivors were less likely to report adequate intakes (% > Adequate Intake) for fiber (6.8%[0.9] vs. 11.9%[1.3]) and potassium (0.8%[0.3] vs. 1.0%[0.4]) (p<.001, all comparisons). Finally, stroke survivors reported lower HEI scores than controls (49.8 vs. 51.9, p<.001) which indicates lower diet quality, and were more likely to be food insecure, and report physical and mental limitations including difficulty preparing and eating meals compared to controls (p<.001, all comparisons). Conclusions: Stroke survivors had lower overall diet quality and greater prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake profiles typically associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases including higher total fat intake and lower intake of key micronutrients and fiber compared to matched controls. Stroke survivors were also more likely to experience food insecurity and have physical and mental limitations that may directly impact dietary intake.