Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tight binding parameters for graphene

In this article we have reproduced the tight binding $\pi$ band dispersion of graphene including upto third nearest neighbours and also calculated the partial density of states (due to $\pi$ band only) within the same model. The aim was to find out a set of parameters descending in order as distance towards third nearest neighbour increases compared to that of first and second nearest neighbours with respect to an atom at the origin. Here we have talked about two such sets of parameters by comparing the results with first principle band structure calculation.
Effects of spin fluctuations and anomalous thermal expansion of δ-Pu

We suggest a model for the magnetic dynamics of - plutonium and its alloys in order to show that the dynamical fluctuations of the magnetization density, or spin fluctuations, may be responsible for the anomalies of their observed thermal expansion. We show that due to strong magneto-elastic coupling, spin fluctuations may essentially contribute to the volume strain by giving a negative magneto-volume contribution that is proportional to the squared local magnetic moment and the magnetic Gruneisen constant which is negative in - plutonium. In the presented model, the local magnetic moment increases as the temperature rises, resulting in the interplay between the positive contributions to the volume strain from the lattice and the negative contribution from spin fluctuations, and finally leads to the Invar anomaly or to the negative coefficient of thermal expansion. Our results agree closely with the measured thermal expansion data for Pu-Ga alloys.
Superiority of Direct Oral Anticoagulants over Vitamin K Antagonists in Oncological Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Analysis of Efficacy and Safety Outcomes

Background and aim. Cancer and atrial fibrillation (AF) may be associated, and anticoagulation, either with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), is necessary to prevent thromboembolic events by reducing the risk of bleeding. The log incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence interval were used as index statistics. Higgin’s I2 test was adopted to assess statistical inconsistencies by considering interstudy variations, defined by values ranging from 0 to 100%. I2 values of less than 40% are associated with very low heterogeneity among the studies; values between 40% and 75% indicate moderate heterogeneity, and those greater than 75% suggest severe heterogeneity. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the safety and efficacy of VKAs and DOACs in oncologic patients with AF. Methods. A meta-analysis was conducted comparing VKAs to DOACs in terms of thromboembolic events and bleeding. A meta-regression was conducted to investigate the differences in efficacy and safety between four different DOACs. Moreover, a sub-analysis on active-cancer-only patients was conducted. Results. A total of eight papers were included. The log incidence rate ratio (IRR) for thromboembolic events between the two groups was −0.69 (p < 0.005). The meta-regression did not reveal significant differences between the types of DOACs (p > 0.9). The Log IRR was −0.38 (p = 0.008) for ischemic stroke, −0.43 (p = 0.02) for myocardial infarction, −0.39 (p = 0.45) for arterial embolism, and −1.04 (p = 0.003) for venous thromboembolism. The log IRR for bleeding events was −0.43 (p < 0.005), and the meta-regression revealed no statistical difference (p = 0.7). The log IRR of hemorrhagic stroke, major bleeding, and clinically relevant non-major bleeding between the VKA and DOAC groups was −0.51 (p < 0.0001), −0.45 (p = 0.03), and 0.0045 (p = 0.97), respectively. Similar results were found in active-cancer patients for all the endpoints except for clinically-relevant non-major bleedings. Conclusions. DOACs showed better efficacy and safety outcomes than VKAs. No difference was found between types of DOACs.
Designing Energy-Efficient Approximate Multipliers

This paper proposes a novel approach suitable to design energy-efficient approximate multipliers using both ASIC and FPGAs. The new strategy harnesses specific encoding logics based on bit significance and computes the approximate product performing accurate sub-multiplications by applying an unconventional approach instead of using approximate computational modules implementing traditional static or dynamic bit-truncation approaches. The proposed platform-independent architecture exhibits an energy saving of up to 80% over the accurate counterparts and significantly better behavior in terms of accuracy loss with respect to competitor approximate architectures. When employed in 2D digital filters and edge detectors, the novel approximate multipliers lead to an energy consumption up to ~82% lower than the accurate counterparts, which is up to ~2 times higher than that obtained by state-of-the-art competitors.
A short walk through quantum optomechanics

This paper gives a brief review of the basic physics of quantum optomechanics and provides an overview of some of its recent developments and current areas of focus. It first outlines the basic theory of cavity optomechanical cooling and gives a brief status report of the experimental state‐of‐the‐art. It then turns to the deep quantum regime of operation of optomechanical oscillators and covers selected aspects of quantum state preparation, control and characterization, including mechanical squeezing and pulsed optomechanics. This is followed by a discussion of the “bottom‐up” approach that exploits ultracold atomic samples instead of nanoscale systems. It concludes with an outlook that concentrates largely on the functionalization of quantum optomechanical systems and their promise in metrology applications.
From mechanical motion to Brownian motion, thermodynamics and particle transport theory

The motion of a particle in a medium is dealt with either as a problem of mechanics or as a transport process in non-equilibrium statistical physics. The two kinds of approach are often unrelated as they are taught in different textbooks. The aim of this paper is to highlight the link between the mechanical and statistical treatments of particle motion in a medium, starting from the well-studied case of Brownian motion. First, deterministic dynamics is supplemented with stochastic elements accounting for the thermal agitation of the host medium: it is the approach of Langevin, which has been rephrased and extended by Kramers. It handles time-independent and time-dependent stochastic motions as well. In that approach, the host medium is not affected by the guest particles and the latter do not interact with each other. Both limitations are shown to be overcome in thermodynamics, which however is restricted to equilibrium situations, i.e. stochastic motions with no net current. When equilibrium is slightly perturbed, we show how thermodynamic and kinetic concepts supersede mechanical concepts to describe particle transport. The description includes multicomponent transport. The discussions of stochastic dynamics and of thermodynamics are led at the undergraduate level; the treatment of multicomponent transport introduces graduate-level concepts.
Oral Branched-Chain Amino Acids Supplementation in Athletes: A Systematic Review

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are oxidized in the muscle and result in stimulating anabolic signals—which in return may optimize performance, body composition and recovery. Meanwhile, among athletes, the evidence about BCAA supplementation is not clear. The aim of this study was to review the effects of BCAAs in athletic populations. The research was conducted in three databases: Web of Science (all databases), PubMed and Scopus. The inclusion criteria involved participants classified both as athletes and people who train regularly, and who were orally supplemented with BCAAs. The risk of bias was individually assessed for each study using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0). From the 2298 records found, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Although BCAAs tended to activate anabolic signals, the benefits on performance and body composition were negligible. On the other hand, studies that included resistance participants showed that BCAAs attenuated muscle soreness after exercise, while in endurance sports the findings were inconsistent. The protocols of BCAA supplements differed considerably between studies. Moreover, most of the studies did not report the total protein intake across the day and, consequently, the benefits of BCAAs should be interpreted with caution.
Qualitative features at the glass crossover

We discuss generic features of the dynamics of glass-forming liquids close to the glass transition singularity of the idealized mode-coupling theory (MCT). The analysis is based on a recent theory by one of the authors for the intermediate-time dynamics (β relaxation), derived by applying dynamical field-theory techniques to the idealized MCT. Taking the long-time asymptote of the β-relaxation regime as a proxy for universal aspects of the slow structural relaxation, we explain three prominent features of the dynamical crossover: the change from a power-law to exponential increase in the structural relaxation time, the replacement of the Stokes-Einstein relation between diffusion and viscosity by a fractional law, and two distinct growth regimes of the thermal susceptibility that has been associated to dynamical heterogeneities.
Energy Loss of Energetic Partons in Quark - Gluon Plasma: Possible Extinction of High p(t) Jets in Hadron - Hadron Collisions

Hi& energy quarks and gluons propagating through quark-gluon plasma suffer differential energy loss via elastic scattering from quanta in the plasma. lhis mechanism is very similar in structure to ionization loss of charged particles in ordinary matter. 'ihe dE/dx is roughly proportional to the square of the plasma temperature. For hadron-hadron collisions with high asscoiated multiplicity and with transverse energy dET/dy in excess of 10 GeV per unit rapidity, it is possible that quark-gluon plasma is produced in the collision. If so, a produced secondary high-p, quark or gluon might lose tens of GeV of its initial transverse momentum while plowing through quark-gluon plasma produced in its local environment. High energy hadron jet experiments should be analysed as function of associated multiplicity to search for this effect. An interesting signature may be events in which the hard collision occurs near the edge of the overlap region, with one jet escaping without absorption and the other fully absorbed.
Optimal design and experimental validation of 3D printed soft pneumatic actuators

This study develops a novel design of a unit cell-based bending-type soft pneumatic actuator, and formulates the design problem as compliant mechanisms under design-dependent pressure loadings. The proposed design is first optimized by using a topology optimization algorithm, in which the design-dependent loads and fluid-structure interface are tracked and formulated via finite element based approaches. Then, to validate the optimized design, it is modeled numerically using finite element analysis (FEA) and compared with the non-optimized traditional rectangular design. The optimal design can provide 19.5% improvements in bending angle. In addition, the proposed optimal design is prototyped using 3D printing. The prepared single actuator specimens are tested under pneumatic pressure, and the measured deformations are compared with those obtained from FEA. The results reveal that the optimized design can undergo large and compliant deformations under pneumatic pressure and generate a full ( 360∘ ) bending. Furthermore, multiple actuator specimens of the proposed design are also assembled and integrated to prototype soft pneumatic grippers, with which several grasping tests are conducted. The adaptability and compatibility of the soft gripper are verified via gripping a wide range of irregular, soft, and fragile objects.
Topology change in classical general relativity

This paper clarifies some aspects of Lorentzian topology change, and it extends to a wider class of spacetimes previous results of Geroch and Tipler that show that topology change is only to be had at a price. The scenarios studied here are ones in which an initial spacelike surface is joined by a connected ``interpolating spacetime'' to a final spacelike surface, possibly of different topology. The interpolating spacetime is required to obey a condition called causal compactness, a condition satisfied in a very wide range of situations. No assumption is made about the dimension of spacetime. First, it is stressed that topology change is kinematically possible; i.e., if a field equation is not imposed, it is possible to construct topology-changing spacetimes with non-singular Lorentz metrics. Simple 2-dimensional examples of this are shown. Next, it is shown that there are problems in such spacetimes: Geroch's closed-universe argument is applied to causally compact spacetimes to show that even in this wider class of spacetimes there are causality violations associated with topology change. It follows from this result that there will be causality violations if the initial (or the final) surface is not connected, even when there is no topology change. Further, it is shown that in dimensions $\geq 3$ causally compact topology-changing spacetimes cannot satisfy Einstein's equation (with a reasonable source); i.e., there are severe dynamical obstructions to topology change. This result extends a previous one due to Tipler. Like Tipler's result, it makes no assumptions about geodesic completeness; i.e., it does not permit topology change even at the price of singularities (of the standard incomplete-geodesic variety). Brief discussions are also given of ways in which the results of this paper might be circumvented.
Superconductivity from repulsive interaction

The BCS theory of superconductivity named electron-phonon interaction as a glue that overcomes Coulomb repulsion and binds fermions into pairs which then condense and superconduct. We review recent and not so recent works aiming to understand whether a nominally repulsive Coulomb interaction can by itself give rise to a superconductivity. We first discuss a generic scenario of the pairing by electron-electron interaction, put forward by Kohn and Luttinger back in 1965, and then turn to modern studies of the electronic mechanism of superconductivity in the lattice models for the cuprates, the Fe-pnictides, and the doped graphene. We show that the pairing in all three classes of materials can be viewed as lattice version of Kohn-Luttinger physics, despite that the pairing symmetries are different. We discuss under what conditions the pairing occurs and rationalize the need to do parquet renormalization-group analysis. We also discuss the interplay between superconductivity and density-instabilities.
Towards spin turbulence of light: Spontaneous disorder and chaos in cavity-polariton systems

Recent advances in nanophotonics have brought about coherent light sources with chaotic circular polarization; a low-dimensional chaotic evolution of optical spin was evidenced in laser diodes. Here we propose a mechanism that gives rise to light with a spatiotemporal spin chaos resembling turbulent states in hydrodynamics. The spin-chaotic radiation is emitted by exciton polaritons under resonant optical pumping in arbitrarily sized planar microcavities, including, as a limiting case, pointlike systems with only three degrees of freedom. The underlying mechanism originates in the interplay between spin symmetry breakdown and scattering into pairs of Bogolyubov excitations. As a practical matter, it opens up the way for spin modulation of light on the scale of picoseconds and micrometers.
Production of a rubidium Bose-Einstein condensate in a hybrid trap with light induced atom desorption

We report on the production of a rubidium Bose-Einstein condensate in a simplified vacuum apparatus. Magneto-optical traps with large numbers and ultra-high vacuum for moderately long conservative trap lifetimes of 16 seconds are sequentially obtained with light induced rapid atomic vapor pressure modulation. Subsequent evaporative cooling is carried out in two stages in a hybrid magnetic quadrupole plus optical dipole trap. High evaporation efficiencies are observed in both stages and $^{87}$Rb BECs with more than 10$^5$ atoms can be reliably produced with total evaporation time of only 9.5 seconds.
MAGNETIC ENERGY DISSIPATION DURING THE 2014 MARCH 29 SOLAR FLARE

We calculated the time evolution of the free magnetic energy during the 2014 March 29 flare (SOL2014 March 29T17:48), the first X-class flare detected by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). The free energy was calculated from the difference between the nonpotential field, constrained by the geometry of observed loop structures, and the potential field. We use Atmospheric Imager Assembly (AIA)/SDO and IRIS images to delineate the geometry of coronal loops in EUV wavelengths, as well as to trace magnetic field directions in UV wavelengths in the chromosphere and transition region. We find an identical evolution of the free energy for both the coronal and chromospheric tracers, as well as agreement between AIA and IRIS results, with a peak free energy of E free ( t peak ) ≈ ( 45 ± 2 ) × 10 30 ? > erg, which decreases by an amount of Δ E free ≈ ( 29 ± 3 ) × 10 30 ? > erg during the flare decay phase. The consistency of free energies measured from different EUV and UV wavelengths for the first time here, demonstrates that vertical electric currents (manifested in form of helically twisted loops) can be detected and measured from both chromospheric and coronal tracers.
An analysis of mentor and mentee roles in a pre-service teacher education program: a Norwegian perspective on the future mentor role

ABSTRACT Globally, pre-service teacher education has experienced a practice turn where there is now greater focus on practice in schools and more attention is being paid to mentoring and the role of the school-based mentors. In policy this can be seen through the increased focus on mentoring education, where the intention is to strengthen the mentors’ competence. However, there are vague descriptions of how the mentor role should be designed and therefore, research on how this role is practiced is of interest. This paper aims to contribute knowledge on what characterize mentor roles and how they influence the mentee role. The findings indicate that mentors exercise control through an active, direct, and diverse mentor role. An active and direct mentor role is related to a reactive mentee role, whereas a more active mentee role is related to a diverse mentor role. Mentoring education is discussed in relation to the mentors’ autonomy.
Effect of Fermentation Parameters on the Anthocyanin Content, Sensory Properties, and Physicochemical Parameters of Potato Blueberry Yogurt

Fruit yogurt with a variety of nutrients and fruit flavors is becoming increasingly popular among consumers. This study was conducted to achieve the optimum fermentation process parameters in preparing potato blueberry yogurt with high nutritional value and good flavor and taste by using one factor at a time experiment and response surface methodology. The optimum fermentation process was as follows: 33% potato saccharification solution, 22% blueberry juice, 38 °C fermentation temperature, 3.7% sucrose, 14% skimmed milk powder, 4% concentration of inoculum probiotics including Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BZ11, Lactobacillus plantarum LB12, and Streptococcus thermophilus Q-1 with their inoculum ratio of 1:1:2 and 12.5 h fermentation time. Potato saccharification solution, blueberry juice, fermentation temperature, and sucrose significantly affected the sensory value and quality of yogurt. Under this fermentation process, the sensory score of yogurt was 89.78. The prepared potato blueberry yogurt was rich in anthocyanins (9.41 mg/100 g), had a potential probiotic viable count of 9.31 log CFU/mL and pleasing color, and overcame the bitterness of potatoes. Electronic tongue analysis also shows that the potato blueberry yogurt had good sensory characteristics, such as high saltiness, umami, and aftertaste-A; low sourness, bitterness, and astringency; and moderate aftertaste-B and richness. This study laid the foundation for producing potato blueberry yogurt with good sensory value and high anthocyanin content.
Calmodulin in Paramecium: Focus on Genomic Data

Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal second messenger that plays a key role in cellular signaling. However, Ca2+ signals are transduced with the help of Ca2+-binding proteins, which serve as sensors, transducers, and elicitors. Among the collection of these Ca2+-binding proteins, calmodulin (CaM) emerged as the prototypical model in eukaryotic cells. This is a small protein that binds four Ca2+ ions and whose functions are multiple, controlling many essential aspects of cell physiology. CaM is universally distributed in eukaryotes, from multicellular organisms, such as human and land plants, to unicellular microorganisms, such as yeasts and ciliates. Here, we review most of the information gathered on CaM in Paramecium, a group of ciliates. We condense the information here by mentioning that mature Paramecium CaM is a 148 amino acid-long protein codified by a single gene, as in other eukaryotic microorganisms. In these ciliates, the protein is notoriously localized and regulates cilia function and can stimulate the activity of some enzymes. When Paramecium CaM is mutated, cells show flawed locomotion and/or exocytosis. We further widen this and additional information in the text, focusing on genomic data.
Deriving precise parameters for cool solar-type stars Optimizing the iron line list ?;??;???

Context. Temperature, surface gravity, and metallicitity are basic stellar atmospheric parameters necessary to characterize a star. There are several methods to derive these parameters and a comparison of their results often shows considerable discrepancies, even in the restricted group of solar-type FGK dwarfs. Aims. We want to check the di erences in temperature between the standard spectroscopic technique based on iron lines and the Infrared Flux Method (IRFM). We aim to improve the description of the spectroscopic temperatures especially for the cooler stars where the di erences between the two methods are higher, as presented in previous work. Methods. Our spectroscopic analysis is based on the iron excitation and ionization balance, assuming Kurucz model atmospheres in LTE. The abundance analysis is determined using the code MOOG. We optimize the line list using a cool star (HD 21749) with high resolution and high signal-to-noise spectrum, as a reference in order to check for weak, isolated lines. Results. We test the quality of the new line list by re-deriving stellar parameters for 451 stars with high resolution and signal-tonoise HARPS spectra, that were analyzed in a previous work with a larger line list. The comparison in temperatures between this work and the latest IRFM for the stars in common shows that the di erences for the cooler stars are significantly smaller and more homogeneously distributed than in previous studies for stars with temperatures below 5000 K. Moreover, a comparison is presented between interferometric temperatures with our results that shows good agreement, even though the sample is small and the errors of the mean di erences are large. We use the new line list to re-derive parameters for some of the cooler stars that host planets. Finally, we present the impact of the new temperatures on the [Cri/Crii] and [Tii/Tiii] abundance ratios that previously showed systematic trends with temperature. We show that the slopes of these trends for the cooler stars become drastically smaller.