Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Healing the Broken Hearts: A Glimpse on Next Generation Therapeutics

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 32% of deaths globally and thus representing almost 18 million people according to WHO. Myocardial infarction, the most prevalent adult cardiovascular pathology, affects over half a million people in the USA according to the last records of the AHA. However, not only adult cardiovascular diseases are the most frequent diseases in adulthood, but congenital heart diseases also affect 0.8–1.2% of all births, accounting for mild developmental defects such as atrial septal defects to life-threatening pathologies such as tetralogy of Fallot or permanent common trunk that, if not surgically corrected in early postnatal days, they are incompatible with life. Therefore, both congenital and adult cardiovascular diseases represent an enormous social and economic burden that invariably demands continuous efforts to understand the causes of such cardiovascular defects and develop innovative strategies to correct and/or palliate them. In the next paragraphs, we aim to briefly account for our current understanding of the cellular bases of both congenital and adult cardiovascular diseases, providing a perspective of the plausible lines of action that might eventually result in increasing our understanding of cardiovascular diseases. This analysis will come out with the building blocks for designing novel and innovative therapeutic approaches to healing the broken hearts.
Testing Lorentz Symmetry using Chiral Perturbation Theory

We consider the low-energy effects of a selected set of Lorentz- and CPT-violating quark and gluon operators by deriving the corresponding chiral effective lagrangian. Using this effective lagrangian, low-energy hadronic observables can be calculated. We apply this to magnetometer experiments and derive the best bounds on some of the Lorentz-violating coefficients. We point out that progress can be made by studying the nucleon-nucleon potential, and by considering storage-ring experiments for deuterons and other light nuclei.
Dynamic Weighted Filter Bank Domain Adaptation for Motor Imagery Brain–Computer Interfaces

A motor imagery (MI)-based brain–computer interface (BCI) is a promising system that can help neuromuscular injury patients recover or replace their motor abilities. Currently, before one uses MI-BCI, we need to collect a large amount of training data to train the decoding model, and this process is time consuming. When trained with a small amount of data, existing decoding methods generally do not perform well in MI decoding tasks. Therefore, it is important to improve the decoding performance with short calibration data. In this study, we propose a dynamic weighted filter bank domain adaptation framework that uses data from an existing subject to reduce the requirement of data from the new subject. A filter bank is used to explore information from different frequency subbands. A feature extractor with two 1-D convolutional layers is designed to extract electroencephalography features. The class-specific Wasserstein generative adversarial network (WGAN)-based domain adaptation network aligns the distribution of each class between the data from the new subject and the data from the existing subject. Additionally, we apply an attention network to dynamically allocate different weights for different frequency bands. We evaluate our method on a public MI data set and a self-collected data set. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the best decoding accuracy among the compared methods with different amounts of training data. On the public data set, our method achieves 8.88% and 7.16% higher decoding accuracy than the best comparing method with one block of training data on the two sessions, respectively. This indicates that our method can enhance MI decoding accuracy with a small amount of training data.
The Effect of Cooperative Network Dynamics of the Scientific Research Project on Project Performance: The Moderating Role of Project Leader’s Network Position

Based on the data of projects initiated from 2013 to 2015 and concluded from 2017 to 2019 supported by the Department of Management Science of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the relevant achievements of scientific research projects are collected. This article explores the influence of the decline, expansion and stability of the cooperative network of each project team on project performance from project initiation to project closure. We also demonstrate the moderating effect of project leader’s network position in the higher-level global project cooperative network, including structural hole and degree centrality, on the relationship between project cooperative network dynamics and project performance. Results show that the decline of the project team cooperative network has a negative impact on project performance, the expansion of the project team cooperative network has an inverted U-shaped impact on project performance, and the stability of the project team cooperative network has a positive impact on project performance. At the same time, the structural hole and degree centrality of the project leaders in the higher-level global project cooperative network influence the effects of project team cooperative network dynamics on project performance. This study is of great significance to guide the construction of the project member network and improve project performance.
Carbon-Based Materials as Effective Adsorbents for the Removal of Pharmaceutical Compounds from Aqueous Solution

Antibiotics are emerging water pollutants that have attracted significant attention from the scientific community. Antibiotics are generally released via hospital effluents, industrial production waste, animal manure, and irrigated agricultural land. Antibiotic residues can harm all living organisms, with the most detrimental consequence being the generation of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, commonly known as “superbugs. ” Antimicrobial resistance is a concern to the healthcare community as it complicates the treatment of infections. Thus, the development of effective and economical technologies to remove antibiotics from the environment is necessary. Adsorption is a promising technology owing to its effectiveness and high operational feasibility, and carbon-based adsorbents are primitive materials that are particularly suited for antibiotic adsorption. Herein, an overview of the current state of antibiotic pollution will be summarised, including the adverse effects of different antibiotics and challenges associated with antibiotic removal. The adsorption behaviours of tetracycline (TC), quinolone, penicillin, and macrolides on carbon-based adsorbents (i.e., activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, and graphene-based materials) are reviewed. The interactions between antibiotics and carbon-based adsorbents, adsorption mechanism, and adsorption behaviour under different conditions are emphasised. In addition, the limitations of adsorption technology are highlighted to direct future research.
DIACHRONIC AND EXTERNALLY-SCAFFOLDED SELF-CONTROL IN ADDICTION

: A restrictive view of self-control identifies exercises of self-control with synchronic intrapsychic processes, and pictures diachronic and externally-scaffolded strategies not as proper instances of self-control, but as clever ways of avoiding the need to exercise that ability. In turn, defenders of an inclusive view of self-control typically argue that we should construe self-control as more than effortful inhibition, and that, on grounds of functional equivalence, all these diverse strategies might be properly described as instances of self-control. In this paper, I take a fresh look at this debate by focusing on cases of addiction. I
An Accurate Numerical Solution to the Kinetics of Breakable Filament Assembly

Proteinaceous aggregation occurs through self-assembly—a process not entirely understood. In a recent article, Knowles and colleagues (2009) presented an analytical theory for amyloid fibril growth via secondary rather than primary nucleation. Remarkably, with only a single kinetic parameter, the authors were able to unify growth characteristics for a variety of experimental data. In essence, they seem to have uncovered the underlying allometric law governing the evolution of filament elongation simply from two coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations originally obtained from a master equation. While this work adds significantly to our understanding of filament self-assembly, it required an “approximate” analytical solution representation for the moments of the chain length distribution. If this were always true, the discovery of such scaling laws would be infrequent. Here, we show that the same results are found by purely numerical means. In addition, the numerical method used features a highly accurate solution strategy for the coupled Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) based only on a fundamental finite difference scheme and convergence acceleration. Once a reliable numerical solution has been established, a dimensional analysis then provides the scaling laws.
Gaining Physical Insights from Degradation Data

Problem: The current study was motivated by the need to identify and explore the mechanisms leading to performance degradation and the ultimate failure of a newly designed battery to be used as a backup source for uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) applications. It was also desired to estimate how long (in terms of number of discharge cycles) the battery could serve its intended function before failing to sustain a discharge cycle for the required duration during a power outage. Approach: An accelerated test (AT) was undertaken to investigate battery performance and degradation under elevated power, temperature, and cycling rate. The AT resulted in both lifetime and degradation data on test batteries. Standard maximum likelihood methods for censored data were used for lifetime analysis and modeling. In addition, a nonlinear mixed-effects model was developed to study the effects of acceleration variables on degradation. Results: The lifetime-data analysis of the data from the AT provided good life estimates because the resulting data involved little censoring. Nevertheless, the further careful study of the degradation data provided valuable added knowledge by suggesting some underlying physical mechanisms and yielding insights that helped product-reliability improvement. It is generally recognized that degradation measurements provide more information than lifetime data. This holds particularly when there are only a few observed failures and the data are heavily censored. This case study illustrates another important benefit of degradation data even when lifetime data are nearly complete. Such data allow modeling of physical failure mechanisms more directly than lifetime data and, therefore, yields insights not possible through traditional lifetime analysis.
Observational rotation curves and density profiles versus the Thomas–Fermi galaxy structure theory

The Thomas–Fermi approach to galaxy structure determines self-consistently the gravitational potential of the fermionic warm dark matter (WDM) given its distribution function f(E). This framework is appropriate for macroscopic quantum systems as neutron stars, white dwarfs and WDM galaxies. Compact dwarf galaxies are near the quantum degenerate regime, while large galaxies are in the classical Boltzmann regime. We derive analytic scaling relations for the main galaxy magnitudes: halo radius rh ,m assMh and phase-space density. Small deviations from the exact scaling show up for compact dwarfs due to quantum macroscopic effects. We contrast the theoretical curves for the circular galaxy velocities vc(r) and density profiles ρ(r) with those obtained from observations using the empirical Burkert profile. Results are independent of any WDM particle physics model, they only follow from the gravitational interaction of the WDM particles and their fermionic nature. The theoretical rotation curves and density profiles reproduce very well the observational curves for r rh obtained from 10 different and independent sets of data for galaxy masses from 5 × 10 9 to 5 × 10 11 M� . O ur normalized theoretical circular velocities and normalized density profiles turn to be universal functions of r/rh for all galaxies. In addition, they agree extremely well with the observational curvesdescribedbytheBurkertprofilefor r 2 rh.TheseresultsshowthattheThomas–Fermi approach correctly describes the galaxy structures.
CHARACTERIZING THE DUST COMA OF COMET C/2012 S1 (ISON) AT 4.15 AU FROM THE SUN

We report results from broadband visible images of comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 on 2013 April 10. C/ISON's coma brightness follows a 1/ρ (where ρ is the projected distance from the nucleus) profile out to 5000 km, consistent with a constant speed dust outflow model. The turnaround distance in the sunward direction suggests that the dust coma is composed of sub-micron-sized particles emitted at speeds of tens of m s−1. A(θ)fρ, which is commonly used to characterize the dust production rate, was 1340 and 1240 cm in the F606W and F438W filters, respectively, in apertures <1. ″6 in radius. The dust colors are slightly redder than solar, with a slope of 5.0% ± 0.2% per 100 nm, increasing to >10% per 100 nm 10,000 km down the tail. The colors are similar to those of comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) and other long-period comets, but somewhat bluer than typical values for short-period comets. The spatial color variations are also reminiscent of C/Hale-Bopp. A sunward jet is visible in enhanced images, curving to the north and then tailward in the outer coma. The 1. ″6 long jet is centered at a position angle of 291°, with an opening angle of ∼45°. The jet morphology remains unchanged over 19 hr of our observations, suggesting that it is near the rotational pole of the nucleus, and implying that the pole points to within 30° of (R.A., decl.) = (330°, 0°). This pole orientation indicates a high obliquity of 50°–80°.
Advances in Immunotherapy for Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic virus with the potential to cause chronic infection, and it is one of the common causes of liver disease worldwide. Chronic HBV infection leads to liver cirrhosis and, ultimately, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The persistence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and the impaired immune response in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) has been studied over the past few decades. Despite advances in the etiology of HBV and the development of potent virus-suppressing regimens, a cure for HBV has not been found. Both the innate and adaptive branches of immunity contribute to viral eradication. However, immune exhaustion and evasion have been demonstrated during CHB infection, although our understanding of the mechanism is still evolving. Recently, the successful use of an antiviral drug for hepatitis C has greatly encouraged the search for a cure for hepatitis B, which likely requires an approach focused on improving the antiviral immune response. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge of the immunopathogenic mechanisms and immunobiology of HBV infection. In addition, we touch upon why the existing therapeutic approaches may not achieve the goal of a functional cure. We also propose how combinations of new drugs, and especially novel immunotherapies, contribute to HBV clearance.
JET EMISSION IN YOUNG RADIO SOURCES: A FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE GAMMA-RAY VIEW

We investigate the contribution of the beamed jet component to the high-energy emission in young and compact extragalactic radio sources, focusing for the first time on the γ-ray band. We derive predictions on the γ-ray luminosities associated with the relativistic jet assuming a leptonic radiative model. The high-energy emission is produced via Compton scattering by the relativistic electrons in a spherical region at the considered scales (≲10 kpc). Simulations show a wide range of γ-ray luminosities, with intensities up to ∼1046–1048 erg s−1 depending on the assumed jet parameters. We find a highly linear relation between the simulated X-ray and γ-ray luminosities that can be used to select candidates for γ-ray detection. We compare the simulated luminosity distributions in the radio, X-ray, and γ-ray regimes with observations for the largest sample of X-ray-detected young radio quasars. Our analysis of ∼4-yr Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data does not yield any statistically significant detections. However, the majority of the model-predicted γ-ray fluxes for the sample are near or below the current Fermi-LAT flux threshold and compatible with the derived upper limits. Our study gives constraints on the minimum jet power (Ljet, kin/Ldisk > 0.01) of a potential jet contribution to the X-ray emission in the most compact sources (≲ 1 kpc) and on the particle-to-magnetic field energy density ratio that are in broad agreement with equipartition assumptions.
SDSS galaxies with double-peaked emission lines: double starbursts or AGNs?

With the aim of investigating galaxies with two strong simultaneous starbursts, we have extracted a sample of galaxies with double-peaked emission lines in their global spectra from the SDSS spectral database. We then fitted the emission lines Halpha, Hbeta, [OIII]5007, [NII]6584, [SII]6717 and [SII]6731 of 129 spectra by two Gaussians to separate the radiation of the two (blue and red) components. A more or less reliable decomposition of the all those emission lines have been found for 55 spectra. Using a standard BPT classification diagram, we have been able to divide the galaxies from our sample into two subsamples: Sample A consisting of 18 galaxies where both components belong to the photoionised class of objects, and Sample B containing 37 galaxies which show non-thermal ionisation (AGNs). We have examined the properties of the blue and red components, and found that the differences between radial velocities of components lie within 200 - 400 km/s for galaxies of both subsamples. The equivalent number of ionising stars is in the range 10^4 - 10^5 O7V stars for each component in the galaxies of Sample A. We have estimated the oxygen and nitrogen abundances as well as the electron temperatures for each component using the recent NS-calibration and from global spectra for galaxies from Sample A using both the NS and ON-calibration. We have found that the global oxygen abundance is typically in between the measured abundances of individual components for our sample of galaxies, and that both calibrations provide consistent global abundances. Finally, we suggest the classical O/H -- N/O diagram is used to test the reliability of the dividing lines between starburst-like objects and AGNs in the so-called BPT diagram.
The red clump absolute magnitude based on revised Hipparcos parallaxes

Context. Over the past decade the use of the red clump (RC) as distance indicator has increased in importance as this evolutionary phase is well populated and a good local calibration exists. Aims. The absolute calibration of the RC in the I and K band is investigated again based on the recently published revised Hipparcos parallaxes. Methods. A numerical model is developed that takes the various selection criteria and the properties of the Hipparcos catalogue into account. The biases involved in applying certain selections are estimated with this model. Results. The absolute magnitudes that are found are MI = −0.22 ± 0.03 and MK = −1.54 ± 0.04 (on the 2MASS system). The I-band value is in good agreement with previous determinations, the K-band value is fainter than previously quoted, and this seems to be related to a selection bias whereby accurate K-magnitudes are only available for relatively few bright stars. Applying population corrections to the absolute K magnitude of RC stars in clusters supports the fainter magnitude scale.
Influence of the Components and Orientation of Hydroxyapatite Fibrous Substrates on Osteoblast Behavior

Synthetic hydroxyapatite has good biocompatibility, bioactivity and osteoconductive ability because its chemical properties and biological properties are similar to those of bioapatite in bone tissue. Strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite has better degradability than hydroxyapatite and can both promote osteogenesis and inhibit adipogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells. Hence, hydroxyapatite and strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite are widely used as bone graft materials, cell carriers and drug/gene delivery carriers. In addition, osteoblasts cultured on aligned nanofibrous substrates had higher expression of osteogenesis-related genes than did those cultured on random nanofibrous substrates. However, to date, no study has explored the effects of the components and orientation of hydroxyapatite nanofibrous substrates on osteoblastic behavior. In this study, a random hydroxyapatite nanofibrous substrate (R-HANF), a random strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite nanofibrous substrate (R-SrHANF), an aligned hydroxyapatite nanofibrous substrate (A-HANF) and an aligned strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite nanofibrous substrate (A-SrHANF) were successfully fabricated by using the electrospinning technique. The effect of fiber composition on osteoblast-like MG63 cells was assessed by evaluating cell morphology, cell proliferation and osteogenesis-related gene expression. The results showed that MG63 cells cultured on A-SrHANF had higher osteogenesis-related gene expression than those cultured on A-HANF. Additionally, MG63 cells were cultured on R-SrHANF and A-SrHANF to evaluate the effects of fiber orientation on cell behavior. On A-SrHANF, the cells aligned along the direction of the nanofibers, with typical bipolar morphologies, and exhibited higher osteogenesis-related gene expression than cells on R-SrHANF. Hence, the components and orientation of hydroxyapatite nanofibrous substrates are critical parameters affecting the osteogenesis process.
D3-Reducible Graphs

We describe two local reduction rules that can be used to recognize Halin graphs in linear time, avoiding the general-purpose planarity testing step of previous linear time Halin graph recognition algorithms. The same two rules can also be used to recognize a broader class of polyhedral graphs, which we call D3-reducible graphs. These graphs are the dual graphs of the polyhedra formed by gluing pyramids together on their triangular faces; their treewidth is bounded, and they necessarily have Lombardi drawings.