Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fermentation of sugar cane juice (Sacharum officinarum) cultivar RB 7515 by wild yeasts resistant to UVC

Commercial alcoholic fermentations coexist with microbial contamination come together with sugar cane or industrial water. The contaminants are bacteria or wild yeast that also results reduction in yield. The contaminants control use acid treatment and antibiotics. Disinfection by ultraviolet radiation is efficient in transparent liquid and has as advantage leaving no residues. Reports on the UV effect over microorganisms in turbid and colored liquids are scarce. The research evaluated the use of commercial UVC lamp in continuous reactor for reducing microbial load and its effect on the fermentation of sugarcane cultivar RB 7515. The sugar cane juice and tap water used in dilution were both exposed to doses of 0, 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Joules/l juice. The counts were made in specific culture media. The dose 500 Joules/liter was enough to eliminate the coliforms, but survived yeast and bacteria without difference to the others dose. The treated sugar cane juice was diluted to 12 Brix and fermented by the surviving wild yeasts until Brix stabilization. The alcoholic graduation was 5° GL for all the treatment. It was proved the ability of wild yeasts resistant to UVC even with long fermentation times. Ouvir Ler foneticamente Dicionario - Ver dicionario detalhado Key words: Alcoholic fermentation, contamination control, water, dilution, Wild yeasts, UVC resistance
Infants' ability to consult the speaker for clues to word reference

ABSTRACT This research examines whether infants actively seek information from a speaker regarding the referent of the speaker's utterance. Forty-eight infants (in three age groups: 1;2–1;3, 1;4–1;5, and 1;6–1;7) heard novel labels for novel objects in two situations: follow-in labelling (the experimenter looked at and labelled the toy of the infant's focus) vs. discrepant labelling (the experimenter looked at and labelled a different toy than that of the infant's focus). Subsequently, half of the infants were asked comprehension questions (e.g. ‘Where's the peri? ’). The other half were asked preference questions (e.g. ‘Where's the one you like? ’), to ensure that their comprehension performance was not merely the result of preferential responding. The comprehension results revealed developmental change in both (a) infants' ability to establish new word-object mappings (infants aged 1;2–1;3 failed to establish stable word-object links even in follow-in labelling), and (b) infants' ability to pinpoint the correct referent during discrepant labelling (only infants aged 1;6–1;7 succeeded). Thus the period between 1;2 and 1;7 represents a time of change in infants' ability to establish new word-object mappings: infants are becoming increasingly adept at acquiring new labels under minimal learning conditions.
The reproductive period and fertility in rural Portuguese women: Time trends of biological and behavioural determinants

Background: This paper studies the influence of biological and behavioural determinants on the reproductive period and fertility of older, rural Portuguese women (Municipality of Oleiros) and their mothers and describes the secular trends 1880–1940. Method: The reproductive histories of 337 women who were 44 years and older were obtained through personal interviews. Participants were also asked about the reproductive events of their mothers. Results: The women's mean values of reproductive variables were: marriage age, 22.80 ± 3.89 years, age at first birth, 24.46 ± 4.11 years, age at last birth, 32.26 ± 6.56 years, childbearing periods, 7.76 ± 6.20 years, and effective number of children, 3.25 ± 2.06 children. The childbearing periods of participants' mothers were 8.59 ± 6.98 years, with an age at first birth of 25.11 ± 4.31 years, age at last birth of 35.33 ± 6.14 years and effective number of children of 4.45 ± 2.19 children. The women's age at marriage and the age at last birth were related to childbearing period and effective number of children. Participants were younger at first birth and at last birth and had a lower effective number of children compared to their mothers. Conclusions: Over time mean values of the reproductive events and the effective number of children decreased slowly and were likely influenced through cultural, behavioural and healthcare changes occurring in the region.
Climate Change Impacts on Seagrass Meadows and Macroalgal Forests: An Integrative Perspective on Acclimation and Adaptation Potential

Marine macrophytes are the foundation of algal forests and seagrass meadows¬–some of the most productive and diverse coastal marine ecosystems on the planet. These ecosystems provide nursery grounds and food for fish and invertebrates, coastline protection from erosion, carbon sequestration, and nutrient fixation. For marine macrophytes, temperature is generally the most important range limiting factor, and ocean warming is considered the most severe threat among global climate change factors. ocean warming induced losses of dominant macrophytes along their equatorial range edges, as well as range extensions into polar regions, are predicted and already documented. While adaptive evolution based on genetic change is considered too slow to keep pace with the increasing rate of anthropogenic environmental changes, rapid adaptation may come about through a set of non-genetic mechanisms involving the functional composition of the associated microbiome, as well as epigenetic modification of the genome and its regulatory effect on gene expression and the activity of transposable elements. While research in terrestrial plants demonstrates that the integration of non-genetic mechanisms provide a more holistic picture of a species' evolutionary potential, research in marine systems is lagging behind. Here, we aim to review the potential of marine macrophytes to acclimatize and adapt to major climate change effects via intraspecific variation at the genetic, epigenetic, and microbiome levels. All three levels create phenotypic variation that may either enhance fitness within individuals (plasticity) or be subject to selection and ultimately, adaptation. We review three of the most important phenotypic variations in a climate change context, including physiological variation, variation in propagation success, and in herbivore resistance. Integrating different levels of plasticity, and adaptability into ecological models will allow to obtain a more holistic understanding of trait variation and a realistic assessment of the future performance and distribution of marine macrophytes. Such multi-disciplinary approach that integrates various levels of intraspecific variation, and their effect on phenotypic and physiological variation, is of crucial importance for the effective management and conservation of seagrasses and macroalgae under climate change.
Early cortical lens opacities: a short overview

Cataract is still the dominant cause of blindness worldwide. Cortical cataract is the most prevalent of the age‐related changes in the human lenses that require surgical intervention to restore vision. The absence of adequate cataract surgery in most developing countries is the main cause of the high prevalence of cataract blindness worldwide. Lens ageing is accompanied by dramatic increases in stiffness, light scattering and coloration of the lens nucleus. These changes start to become manifest as early as the fourth or fifth decade of life and lead to nuclear cataract in old age. In the same period the equatorial deep lens cortex starts to show small opaque shades, which eventually grow out to segmental and annular opacities. These opaque shades are filled with small vesicles and contain abnormal amounts of cross‐linked proteins, cholesterol and phospholipids. They are bordered by membranes that are rich in square arrays, have ‘degenerate’ gap junctions and have few intramembranous particles. It has been shown that the opaque shades represent cohorts of locally affected fibres segregated from unaffected neighbouring fibres by ‘non‐leaky’ membranes. This segregation is an effective mechanism delaying the outgrowth of these opacities to cuneiform cataracts entering the pupillary space and thus leading to blinding cortical cataracts. Although cataract formation is mostly considered to be a multi‐factorial disease, oxidative stress might be one of the leading causes for both nuclear and cortical cataract. In cortical cataracts shear stress between cortex and nucleus during accommodation may also play a significant role.
Mini-Workshop: Semiparametric Modelling of Multivariate Economic Time Series With Changing Dynamics

Modelling multivariate time series of possibly high dimension calls for appropriate dimension-reduction, e.g. by some factor modelling, additive modelling, or some simplified parametric structure for the dynam- ics (i.e. the serial dependence) of the time series. This workshop aimed to bring together experts in this field in order to discuss recent methodology for multivariate time series dynamics which are changing over time: by an abrupt switch between two (or more) different regimes or rather smoothly evolving over time. The emphasis has been on mathematical methods for semiparametric modelling and estimation, where "semiparametric" is to be understood in a rather broad sense: parametric models where the parameters are themselves nonparametric functions (of time), regime-switching nonpara- metric models with a parametric specification of the transition mechanism, and alike. An ultimate goal of these models to be applied to economic and financial time series is prediction. Another emphasis has been on comparing Bayesian with frequentist approaches, and to cover both theoretical aspects of estimation, such as consistency and efficiency, and computational aspects.
Biodiversity of Collembola in urban soils and their use as bioindicators for pollution

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of pollutants on the abundance and diversity of Collembola in urban soils. The research was carried out in three parks (Ci! migiu, Izvor and Unirea) in downtown Bucharest, where the intense car traffi c accounts for 70% of the local air pollution. One site in particular (Ci! migiu park) was highly contaminated with Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu at about ten times the background levels of Pb. Collembola were sampled in 2006 (July, September, November) using the transect method: 2,475 individuals from 34 species of Collembola were collected from 210 samples of soil and litter. Numerical densities differed signifi cantly between the studied sites.The infl uence of air pollutants on the springtail fauna was visible at the species richness diversity and soil pollution levels. Species richness was lowest in the most contaminated site (Cismigiu, 11 species), which presented an increase in springtails abundances, though. Some species may become resistant to pollution and occur in high numbers of individuals in polluted sites, which makes them a good bioindicator of pollutants.
Hyperspectral Super-Resolution: A Coupled Tensor Factorization Approach

Hyperspectral super-resolution refers to the problem of fusing a hyperspectral image (HSI) and a multispectral image (MSI) to produce a super-resolution image (SRI) that admits fine spatial and spectral resolutions. State-of-the-art methods approach the problem via low-rank matrix approximations to the matricized HSI and MSI. These methods are effective to some extent, but a number of challenges remain. First, HSIs and MSIs are naturally third-order tensors (data “cubes”) and thus matricization is prone to a loss of structural information, which could degrade performance. Second, it is unclear whether these low-rank matrix-based fusion strategies can guarantee the identifiability of the SRI under realistic assumptions. However, identifiability plays a pivotal role in estimation problems and usually has a significant impact on practical performance. Third, a majority of the existing methods assume known (or easily estimated) degradation operators from the SRI to the corresponding HSI and MSI, which is hardly the case in practice. In this paper, we propose to tackle the super-resolution problem from a tensor perspective. Specifically, we utilize the multidimensional structure of the HSI and MSI to propose a coupled tensor factorization framework that can effectively overcome the aforementioned issues. The proposed approach guarantees the identifiability of the SRI under mild and realistic conditions. Furthermore, it works with little knowledge about the degradation operators, which is clearly a favorable feature in practice. Semi-real scenarios are simulated to showcase the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
AC 2010-1014: REFLECTIVE PRACTICES OF ENGINEERING CAPSTONE DESIGN TEAMS

Reflection is widely understood as a critical component of learning, especially learning from experience. Effective professionals learn from experiences and use this knowledge when encountering similar or more complex problems. The engineering capstone design course provides an excellent opportunity for students to gain experience in design, but experience alone does not guarantee learning of skills and knowledge, or the ability to transfer this knowledge to new situations. Researchers and theorists have long trumpeted the value of reflective practice as a differentiating factor in the effectiveness of practitioners. As shown by the growing number of publications on the topic in engineering education literature, teaching students the process and value of reflection is increasingly recognized as an essential component of engineering design education. To support teaching and learning of reflection in engineering capstone design courses, this study seeks to understand how students reflect—individually and as a team—as they are engaged in a design project, specifically in relation to teamwork. This study is part of a larger NSF supported project engaged in the development of capstone design course assessment instruments. Therefore, a second aim is to examine the effectiveness of the instruments in facilitating student and team reflective practice. The research questions for this study include: (1) What are the teamwork-related reflective practices of engineering capstone design teams and individuals? (i.e., what teamwork issues do they reflect on; for what purposes; how; what factors affect reflection; and what are the outcomes? ), and (2) What impacts do “prompted” (instructor assigned) reflective assessments have on a team’s overall reflective practice? This qualitative study uses an analytic induction approach to analyzing data and for developing a model of student reflective practices, based on initial conceptual reflection models. Participants include members from two multidisciplinary design teams. Data collection methods include: (1) team meeting observations, (2) interviews (individual and team focus groups), and (3) review of student reflective assignments prompted by instructors. Data is being collected throughout the 2009-2010 academic year, spanning the complete project of each participating team. Results will be based on team reflective practices within the context of each of the three major design phases—problem scoping, concept development, and solution development. Additionally, the longitudinal aspects of the study allow for individual and team growth, regarding teamworkreflection, to be analyzed and presented. Currently, data collection has begun for the first design phase, problem scoping, and this paper will present initial findings spanning this phase.
Assessment of Air Quality in two Different Urban Localities

This study assesses the air quality of two urban localities, Fahaheel and Al-Rabia City, to assistlocal authorities to generate information supporting the planning of pollution control strategies to keeppollutants within safe limits in the long run. In terms of diurnal and seasonal variations, almost all measured pollutants exhibited two peaks: one in the morning and another in the afternoon. These two peaks resulted from numerous activities (schools, open stores, traffic, restaurants and markets, and central heating) practiced in these two cities during associated peaks hours. Nevertheless, there were noteworthy differences in air pollutants’ magnitude (values) between the two cities. There were a number of exceedances of KUEPA air quality threshold values in both urban localities; the highest numbers were in NMHC and the lowest numbers were in O3 and CO. No exceedances were found in SO2 in Al-Rabia City. In an attempt to identify the most probable sources of air pollution, concentration roses were plotted for annual durations for both Fahaheel and Al-Rabia. Furthermore, the Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) model was developed to quantify the contribution of each prevalent source to measured emission concentration. Results show that the main emission sources in Fahaheel were petroleum downstream facilities and highway traffic, which accounted for 69% and 17%, respectively. In Al-Rabia City, highway traffic and the area’s commercial activity accounted for 79% and 13%, respectively.
DETECTION OF POLIO VIRUS ANTIBODIES LEVEL AMONG CHILDREN IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA.

* Aminu AI 1 , Aliyu FA 1 , Mukhtar MD 1 , Gajida AU 2 and Aminu M 3 . 1. Department of Microbiology, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria. 2. Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. 3. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Behavior of the complex micro-ecology in maize and rye flour and mother-dough for Broa throughout storage

Several members of the Regional Directorate of Agriculture of Entre-Douro-e-Minho (DRAEDM, Portugal) and several local farmers are hereby gratefully acknowledged for their cooperation, on a volunteer basis, in supplying samples for analysis. Financial support for author J. M. R. was provided by a Ph.D. fellowship within the program PRAXIS XXI – ref. PRAXIS XXI/BD/16060/98, administered by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (Portugal) and supervised by author F. X. M. Partial ﬁnancial support was received within program PAMAF – IED, through research grant “Pao de milho: caracterizacao do processo tradicional de producao e melhoramento tecnologico” – ref. PAMAF 1022, administered by Ministerio da Agricultura, Desenvolvimento Rural e Pescas (Portugal) and coordinated by author F. X. M.
ROLE OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY IN OVARIAN TUMORS

BACKGROUND: Ovarian tumors are characterized by marked heterogeneity in their clinical presentation, so an accurate histopathological diagnosis is needed. Immunohistochemistry is helpful in vast number of cases where the morphology and clinical data alone do not allow definite diagnosis of tumor present in tissue sections. AIMS: 1. To evaluate the role of immune- histochemistry in classification and histogenesis of ovarian tumours and in resolving diagnostic dilemma in closely mimicking and poorly differentiated tumours. 2. To evaluate the role of immunohistochemistry in ovarian tumours and to differentiate primary from metastatic tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 80 operated cases of ovarian tumours over a period of one and half year (January 2008 to September 2010) were studied. Paraffin blocks of various ovarian tumours for relevant immunostains were subjected for automated immunostaining. Total 52 immunostains were included in the study. RESULTS: Out of the 80 cases of ovarian tumours, benign ovarian lesions were more common (75%) than malignant lesions (25%). Serous cystadenoma was the commonest benign tumor (45%). Overall surface epithelial carcinomas were responsible for 70% of all malignant lesions among which serous cyst adenocarcinoma was most common (45%). 88.8% cases of serous carcinomas showed diffuse positivity for CK7, 60% showed positivity for CA125 and 100% were negative for CK20. 100% cases of mucinous carcinoma showed positivity for CK7, 66.66% showed positivity for CEA and 100% were negative for CA125. ER and PR showed nuclear positivity in both cases (100%) of endometrioid carcinoma. Dysgerminoma showed positivity for placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP). Yolk sac tumor was positive for alpha-feto protein (AFP). Embryonal carcinoma was positive for CD30. Granulosa cell tumor was positive for Calretinin and Inhibin and negative for AFP. CONCLUSION: Thus IHC is helpful in confirming the histological diagnosis, to know the histogenesis of ovarian tumours. It is particularly helpful in resolving the diagnostic dilemma in closely mimicking and poorly differentiated ovarian tumours. IHC is also helpful in differentiating primary ovarian tumours from metastatic tumours. This differentiation is important for both
Uncertainty analysis for the prediction of disc brake squeal propensity

Since brake squeal was first investigated in the 1930s, it has been a noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) problem plaguing the automotive industry due to warranty-related claims and customer dissatisfaction. Accelerating research efforts in the last decade, represented by almost 70% of the papers published in the open literature, have improved the understanding of the generation mechanisms of brake squeal, resulting in better analysis of the problem and better development of countermeasures by combining numerical simulations with noise dynamometer tests. However, it is still a challenge to predict brake squeal propensity with any confidence. This is because of modelling difficulties that include the often transient and nonlinear nature of brake squeal, and uncertainties in material properties, operating conditions (brake pad pressure and temperature, speed), contact conditions between pad and disc, and friction. Although the conventional Complex Eigenvalue Analysis (CEA) method, widely used in industry, is a good linear analysis tool for identifying unstable vibration modes to complement noise dynamometer tests, it is not a predictive tool as it may either over-predict or under-predict the number of unstable vibration modes. In addition, there is no correlation between the magnitude of the positive real part of a complex eigenvalue and the likelihood that the unstable vibration mode will squeal. Transient nonlinear simulations are still computationally too expensive to be implemented in industries for even exploratory predictions. In this paper, a stochastic approach, incorporating uncertainties in the surface roughness of the lining, material properties and the friction coefficient, is applied to predict the squeal propensity of a full disc brake system by using CEA on a finite element model updated by experimental modal testing results. Results compared with noise dynamometer squeal tests illustrate the potential of the stochastic CEA approach over the traditional deterministic CEA approach.