Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for Gene Expression Studies Using Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Prunus Necrotic Ringspot Virus-Infected Cucumis sativus

Several members of the genus Ilarvirus infect fruit trees and are distributed worldwide. Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) is one of the most prevalent viruses, causing significant losses. Cucumis sativus can be infected by several ilarviruses, leading to obvious symptoms, including PNRSV, which suggests that cucumbers could be good hosts for the study of the pathogenesis of ilarviruses. Real-time quantitative PCR is an optimal choice for studying gene expression because of its simplicity and its fast and high sensitivity, while its accuracy is highly dependent on the stability of the reference genes. In this study, we assessed the stability of eleven reference genes with geNorm, NormFinder, ΔCt method, BestKeeper, and the ranking software, RefFinder. The results indicated that the combined use of EF1α and F-BOX was the most accurate normalization method. In addition, the host genes AGO1, AGO4, and RDR6 were selected to test the reliability of the reference genes. This study provides useful information for gene expression analysis during PNRSV infection and will facilitate gene expression studies associated with ilarvirus infection.
A Tri-band patch antenna with Rampart Line Structure

A tri-band patch antenna with rampart line structure is presented. The rampart line structure replaces the upper part of a complete rectangular patch for achieving size reduction and arising TM10-like mode. Based on the slow wave characteristics of the fundamental mode of the rampart line, the resonance frequency of TM10 mode decreases. And the n = -1 harmonic of periodic rampart line will introduce another TM10-like resonance frequency. Combined with TM01 mode, a tri-band antenna is designed and manufactured. The results of simulation and measurement show good agreement in general. The measured results show that the proposed antenna can work at 3.54 GHz, 4.88 GHz, and 5.88 GHz. And the electrical size of the patch is 0. 24λ0 × 0. 21λ0 × 0. 009λ0 at 3.54 GHz, in which λ0 is the wavelength of the central frequency.
PENGARUH DISTRAKSI VIRTUAL REALITY TERHADAP PERUBAHAN DENYUT NADI SELAMA PROSEDUR ANESTESI LOKAL JET INJEKTOR PADA PERAWATAN GIGI ANAK

Kecemasan dental, persepsi nyeri, denyut nadi Pendahuluan: Kondisi kecemasan tentang persepsi nyeri dapat menimbulkan respon fisiologis berupa peningkatan denyut nadi. Prosedur anestesi lokal pada perawatan gigi anak dengan jarum suntik diberikan untuk meminimalisir rasa nyeri saat tindakan invasif, akan tetapi prosedur tersebut juga dapat menimbulkan kecemasan tentang persepsi nyeri. Jet injektor merupakan sebuah alat anestesi inovasi baru yang dapat menganestesi area tertentu tanpa menggunakan jarum dengan rasa nyeri yang minimal, namun bentuk dan ukuran jet injektor serta suara yang mengejutkan dari alat tersebut dapat memengaruhi kecemasan tentang persepsi nyeri anak, oleh sebab itu diperlukan metode distraksi untuk mengalihkan perhatian anak dari kecemasan persepsi nyeri, salah satunya dengan menggunakan virtual reality. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh distraksi virtual reality terhadap kecemasan persepsi nyeri yang ditandai dengan perubahan denyut nadi selama prosedur anestesi lokal dengan jet injektor pada perawatan gigi anak. Metode: Metode penelitian ini adalah quasi experimental dengan Pretest-Postest non Equivalent Control Group Design. Desain ini digunakan untuk mengetahui perbandingan antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok tanpa perlakuan. Perubahan denyut nadi sebelum dan selama prosedur anestesi pada kedua kelompok dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis Independent t-Test. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil dari uji Independent t-Test diketahui bahwa nilai t-test Sig. (2-tailed) adalah 0,001 (p<0,05) yang menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan pada kedua kelompok. Simpulan: Distraksi virtual reality berpengaruh terhadap perubahan denyut nadi selama prosedur anestesi lokal dengan jet injektor pada perawatan gigi anak.
A Survey of Robot Swarms’ Relative Localization Method

For robot swarm applications, accurate positioning is one of the most important requirements for avoiding collisions and keeping formations and cooperation between individuals. However, in some worst cases, the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) signals are weak due to the crowd being in a swarm or blocked by a forest, mountains, and high buildings in the environment. Thus, relative localization is an indispensable way to provide position information for the swarm. In this paper, we review the status and development of relative localization. It is first assessed that relative localization to obtain spatio-temporal relationships between individuals is necessary to achieve the stable operation of the group. After analyzing typical relative localization systems and algorithms from the perspective of functionality and practicality, this paper concludes that the UWB-based (ultra wideband) system is suitable for the relative localization of robots in large-scale applications. Finally, after analyzing the current challenges in the field of fully distributed localization for robotic swarms, a complete mechanism encompassing the relative localization process and the relationship between local and global localization that can be a possible direction for future research is proposed.
On the Aerodynamic-Noise Sources in a Circular Cylinder Coated with Porous Materials

Coating a circular cylinder with porous materials constitutes an effective passive strategy for reducing the flow-induced noise linked to the vortex shedding. Despite the number of investigations in the last decade, the noise-mitigation mechanisms associated with this technique remain unclear. The present research aims to clarify the role played by the alterations in the flow field due to porosity in the aerodynamic-sound attenuation of a cylinder coated with metal foam. Far-field acoustic and particle-image-velocimetry (PIV) measurements were performed at the Delft University of Technology for Reynolds numbers ranging in the subcritical regime. The aeroacoustic results show that a significant tonal and broadband suppression could be achieved with the porous treatment of the body. For the coated cylinder, the dominant sources do not appear to be distributed over the surface but rather are situated several diameters downstream of it, with a lower amplitude. The PIV data reveal that the main effect of the coating is to stabilize the cylinder wake, which results in an elongation of the vortex-formation length and a decrease in the turbulence kinetic energy. In particular, the position where the vortex shedding starts corresponds to the region of the dominant noise sources. The conclusions drawn in this study potentially provide an insightful indication for the design of more effective sound-control solutions.
Equivalent Circuit-Based Coupling Modeling of Double Bond Ribbons Interconnection Variation in Electronic Packaging

A method for modeling the interconnection and signal transmission performance of double bond ribbons with configuration variation has been proposed. Arc interval function parameterization has been used to define the geometry of bond ribbons. The coupling model was created using the equivalent circuit approach, taking into account the mutual coupling between two ribbons. The average relative error of return loss is 9.21%, and the average relative error of insertion loss is 0.23%. The accuracy of the model has been verified, and the envelope interval of the signal transmission performance considering the variation of the interconnection configuration has been calculated.
Thymoquinone Ameliorate Hepatorenal Toxicity Associated With Propylthiouracil-Induced Hypothyroidism in Juvenile Rats.

Background An increasing number of studies suggest that hypothyroidism may lead to hepatorenal toxicity. This study examined whether thymoquinone (TQ), the main active Nigella sativa constituent, could prevent the detrimental influences of hepatorenal toxicity of hypothyroidism during the juvenile period in rats. Methods The male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 7), including control, propylthiouracil (PTU), PTU-TQ 5 mg/kg, and PTU-TQ 10 mg/kg. PTU was dissolved in drinking water at a concentration of 0.05% and administered for six weeks. In the PTU-TQ5 and PTU-TQ10 groups, animals received PTU plus 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg of the TQ (i.p.) for six weeks, respectively. The rats were evaluated after TQ treatment by measuring serum markers of liver and kidney function tests as well as oxidative stress biomarkers in liver and kidney tissues. Results Administration of TQ (5 and 10 mg/kg) decreased oxidative stress damage in liver and kidney tissue in hypothyroidism rats with improvement in activities of antioxidant enzymes and a decrease in MDA in both liver and kidney homogenates. Furthermore, TQ treatment significantly inhibited the elevation of serum biochemical markers of liver and kidney function associated with this hepatorenal toxicity. Conclusion These results suggest that the protective effect of TQ in hypothyroidism-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats is attributed to its ability to reduce oxidative stress in hepatic and renal tissues. However, more studies are recommended to investigate the exact mechanism (s) for the effect of TQ on hepatorenal outcomes of hypothyroidism in human subjects.
Multi-objective optimisation of multifaceted maintenance strategies for wind farms

Abstract This paper proposes a way to simultaneously optimise three aspects of maintenance strategies for wind farms: the reliability thresholds that indicate when a component needs maintenance, the priority of maintenance jobs in case there are more jobs than available maintenance teams, and the use of opportunistic maintenance. We use a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm to simultaneously minimise the overall maintenance cost and the system idle time. An empirical study using a complex stochastic simulation demonstrates the benefit of such a multifaceted maintenance strategy over strategies that only consider some aspects.
Parking Lot Occupancy Prediction Using Long Short-Term Memory and Statistical Methods

In crowded city centers, drivers looking for available parking space generate extra traffic and in addition, the resulting excessive exhaust gases cause air pollution. Therefore, directing the drivers to a parking spot in an intelligent way is an important task for smart city applications. This task requires the prediction of occupancy states of parking lots which involves appropriate processing of the historical parking data. In this work, Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) methods were applied to parking data collected from curbside parking spots of Adana, Turkey for predicting the parking lot occupancy rates of future values. The experiments were performed for making predictions with different prediction horizons that are 1 minute, 5 minutes, and 15 minutes. The performances of the methods were compared by calculating root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) values. The experiments were performed on data from five different days. According to the results, when the prediction horizon is set to 1 minute, LSTM achieved RMSE and MAE values of 0.98 and 0.72, respectively. For the same prediction horizon, ARIMA achieved RMSE and MAE values of 0.62 and 0.35, respectively. On the other hand, LSTM achieved smaller error values for larger prediction horizons. In conclusion, it was shown that LSTM is more suitable for larger prediction horizons, however, ARIMA is better at predicting near-future values.
Pharmacognostic analysis and antidiabetic potential of selected marketed polyherbal formulations

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is increasing day by day due to comfort in daily life. So, there is an increase demand of the polyherbal formulations worldwide for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. So quality assurance of these products of great concern in developing countries like Pakistan. Methods: The PHFs were collected from the local market. Their quality control parameters, pharmacognostic evaluation, in vivo antidiabetic assay and oral glucose tolerance were evaluated and compared with standard drug metformin. Objectives: The objective of this study was phytochemical evaluation and Comparative evaluation of the antidiabetic activity of PHFs. Results: In the in vivo antidiabetic assay, the PHFs showed the time and dose dependent lowering in the blood glucose level of the alloxan (150mg/kg) rats at days 1, 4, 8, 12, 16 compared to the diabetic control group (p < 0.001). zubex, (PHF) showed maximum hypoglycemic effect at both doses (250,500 mg/kg). The ziabeen (PHF) cause the lowering in the blood glucose level but not in the significant way. Dawa-e-ajeeb ziabetees showed efficacy at the dose (500 mg/kg) not showed significant efficacy at dose (250 mg/kg). PHFs at 250,500 mg/Kg improved oral glucose tolerance overload in rats compared to hyperglycemic control group (p < 0.001), like metformin. Conclusion: It was concluded that tested PHFs were of standard quality control, while zubex have maximum antidiabetic activity compared to the standard drug.
UIPDroid: Unrooted Dynamic Monitor of Android App UIs for Fine-Grained Permission Control

Proper permission controls in Android systems are important for protecting users' private data when running applications installed on the devices. Currently Android systems require apps to obtain authorization from users at the first time when they try to access users' sensitive data, but every permission is only managed at the application level, allowing apps to (mis)use permissions granted by users at the beginning for different purposes subsequently without informing users. Based on privacy-by-design principles, this paper develops a new permission manager, named UIPDroid, that (1) enforces the users' basic right-to-know through user interfaces whenever an app uses permissions, and (2) provides a more fine-grained UI widget-level permission control that can allow, deny, or produce fake private data dynamically for each permission use in the app at the choice of users, even if the permissions may have been granted to the app at the application level. In addition, to make the tool easier for end users to use, unlike some other root-based solutions, our solution is root-free, developed as a module on top of a virtualization framework that can be installed onto users' device as a usual app. Our preliminary evaluation results show that UIPDroid works well for fine-grained, per-widget control of contact and location permissions implemented in the prototype tool, improving users' privacy awareness and their protection. The tool is available at https://github.com/pangdingzhang/Anti-Beholder; A demo video is at: https://youtu.be/dT-mq4oasNU
Constraining Morphologies of Soft Tissues in Extinct Vertebrates Using Multibody Dynamic Simulations: A Case Study on Articular Cartilage of the Sauropod Dreadnoughtus

Rarity of soft tissue preservation, including of articular cartilage, in the fossil record hinders creation of biologically-realistic mechanical models. Previous studies of articular cartilage in extant taxa have documented important aspects of cartilage shapes and thicknesses, but these insights remain generalized and have yet to see systematic implementation in biomechanical modeling. Herein, we present a new method for modeling joints that allows for testing of hypotheses about articular cartilage morphology in extinct taxa. Our case study examines the left elbow joint of the sauropod dinosaur Dreadnoughtus schrani using articular cartilage reconstructions constrained by extant phylogenetic bracketing (EPB). EPB investigations of alligator and chicken articular cartilage revealed the presence of a spherical anterior projection of cartilage on the distal humerus which articulates with the radius during flexion. Importantly, this shape does not directly mirror the underlying bone. Using multibody dynamic models created in Adams™ without a priori restrictions on joint degrees of freedom, we simulated the effects of three alternative cartilage reconstructions based on these EPB findings which differ in mediolateral placement of a cartilage sphere and its anteroposterior thickness, encompassing a range of possibilities for the condition in Dreadnoughtus. Bone kinematics and contact area (calculated in Geomagic®) were tracked. Additionally, we modeled the elbow of an alligator and turkey using the same methodology and compared the results to XROMM (X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology) analysis of the same limbs. Each model produced distinct results but were generally similar supporting our modeling methodology. Based on these findings, we predict that Dreadnoughtus, and presumably other extinct archosaurs, had a spherical projection of cartilage on the anterior face of the distal end of the humerus for articulation with the radius. Though many valuable insights have been gained by existing modeling methodologies, we chose a different approach that focused on joint contact surfaces. Moreover, applying our methods within a quantitative hypothesis-testing framework can advance the field of paleobiology by testing hypotheses relating shape and kinematics that are not possible with prescribed joint motions.
Phytochemical screening and antioxidant capacity of two berry cultivars, ‘Ruben’ and ‘Duke’, depending on their harvesting time

Commercial berry production is an attractive industry worldwide, including in Romania because berries are a rich source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant capacity, thus becoming the most important functional and nutraceutical foods in our diet. The aim of our work was to characterize two different species, Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae), from the point of view of total phenols and anthocyanin as well as of antioxidant capacity depending on their harvesting time. The analyzed cultivars ‘Ruben’ and ‘Duke’ were cultivated in the North-West of Romania, the first cultivar has been officially introduced in Romania in 2018. The results show that ‘Ruben’ cultivar is richer in bioactive compounds compared with ‘Duke’ cultivars. The level of total phenols of ‘Ruben’ cultivar was 297.937 ± 4.30 and 347.412 ± 14.13 mg GAE/100 g fw (fresh weight) at early and full ripening time, respectively. The highest anthocyanins content was found in ‘Ruben’ cultivar (410.659 ± 52.88 mg/100 g fw) at full ripening time. Also, the high values of antioxidant capacity determined by four different methods (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, CUPRAC) was recorded in the case of cultivar ‘Ruben’. Both blueberry cultivars ‘Duke’ and ‘Ruben’ are rich sources in bioactive compounds such as phenolics, especially anthocyanins. The blueberries harvested at full ripening period provided the highest level of total phenols and anthocyanins compounds. These compounds act as powerful antioxidants and thus they could improve the health status of the human body, or can be used by food and nutraceutical manufacturers.
Age Differences in Recovery Rate Following an Aerobic-Based Exercise Protocol Inducing Muscle Damage Among Amateur, Male Athletes

Purpose: Compare recovery rates between active young (Y) and middle-aged (MA) males up to 48H post aerobically based, exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) protocol. A secondary aim was to explore the relationships between changes in indices associated with EIMD and recovery throughout this timeframe. Methods: Twenty-eight Y (n = 14, 26.1 ± 2.9y, 74.5 ± 9.3 kg) and MA (n = 14, 43.6 ± 4.1y, 77.3 ± 12.9 kg) physically active males, completed a 60-min downhill running (DHR) on a treadmill at −10% incline and at 65% of maximal heart rate (HR). Biochemical, biomechanical, psychological, force production and muscle integrity (using MRI diffusion tensor imaging) markers were measured at baseline, immediately-post, and up to 48H post DHR. Results: During the DHR, HR was lower (p < 0.05) in MA compared to Y, but running pace and distance covered were comparable between groups. No statistical or meaningful differences were observed between groups for any of the outcomes. Yet, Significant (p < 0.05) time-effects within each group were observed: markers of muscle damage, cadence and perception of pain increased, while TNF-a, isometric and dynamic force production and stride-length decreased. Creatine-kinase at 24H-post and 48H-post were correlated (p < 0.05, r range = −0.57 to 0.55) with pain perception, stride-length, and cadence at 24H-post and 48H-post. Significant (p < 0.05) correlations were observed between isometric force production at all time-points and IL-6 at 48H-post DHR (r range = −0.62 to (−0.74). Conclusion: Y and MA active male amateur athletes recover in a comparable manner following an EIMD downhill protocol. These results indicate that similar recovery strategies can be used by trainees from both age groups following an aerobic-based EIMD protocol.
Design of a Metal Vivaldi Antenna with Wide Band and Dual Polarization

A Vivaldi antenna made by metal with wide band and dual polarization is discussed in this paper. The antenna radiator consists of four metallic ridges with shape conforms to the Vivaldi curve formula. The dual polarized radiation pattern can be realized by placing the ridges crosswise and vertically. Coaxial cable is used to fed the Vivaldi antenna, which acts as a Balun to achieve the conversion from unbalanced feed to balanced feed. The simulation results show that the antenna has good impedance and radiation performance in the frequency band of 3-6GHz, and can meet the requirements of different wireless systems.
Multimodal Data Collection System for Driver Emotion Recognition Based on Self-Reporting in Real-World Driving

As vehicles provide various services to drivers, research on driver emotion recognition has been expanding. However, current driver emotion datasets are limited by inconsistencies in collected data and inferred emotional state annotations by others. To overcome this limitation, we propose a data collection system that collects multimodal datasets during real-world driving. The proposed system includes a self-reportable HMI application into which a driver directly inputs their current emotion state. Data collection was completed without any accidents for over 122 h of real-world driving using the system, which also considers the minimization of behavioral and cognitive disturbances. To demonstrate the validity of our collected dataset, we also provide case studies for statistical analysis, driver face detection, and personalized driver emotion recognition. The proposed data collection system enables the construction of reliable large-scale datasets on real-world driving and facilitates research on driver emotion recognition. The proposed system is avaliable on GitHub.
Translational Frameshifting in the chlD Gene Gives a Clue to the Coevolution of the Chlorophyll and Cobalamin Biosyntheses

Today, hundreds of prokaryotic species are able to synthesize chlorophyll and cobalamin (vitamin B12). An important step in the biosynthesis of these coenzymes is the insertion of a metal ion into a porphyrin ring. Namely, Mg-chelatase ChlIDH and aerobic Co-chelatase CobNST are utilized in the chlorophyll and vitamin B12 pathways, respectively. The corresponding subunits of these enzymes have common evolutionary origin. Recently, we have identified a highly conserved frameshifting signal in the chlD gene. This unusual regulatory mechanism allowed production of both the small and the medium chelatase subunits from the same gene. Moreover, the chlD gene appeared early in the evolution and could be at the starting point in the development of the chlorophyll and B12 pathways. Here, we studied the possible coevolution of these two pathways through the analysis of the chelatase genes. To do that, we developed a specialized Web database with comprehensive information about more than 1200 prokaryotic genomes. Further analysis allowed us to split the coevolution of the chlorophyll and B12 pathway into eight distinct stages.