Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal measurement methods for distributed parameter system identification

INTRODUCTION The Optimum Experimental Design Problem in Context A General Overview of Literature KEY IDEAS OF IDENTIFICATION AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN System Description Parameter Identification Measurement Location Problem Main Impediments Deterministic Interpretation of the FIM Calculation of Sensitivity Coefficients A Final Introductory Note LOCALLY OPTIMAL DESIGNS FOR STATIONARY SENSORS Linear-in-Parameters Lumped Models Construction of Minimax Designs Continuous Designs in Measurement Optimization Clusterization-Free Designs Nonlinear Programming Approach A Critical Note on Some Deterministic Approach Modifications Required by Other Settings Summary LOCALLY OPTIMAL STRATEGIES FOR SCANNING AND MOVING OBSERVATIONS Optimal Activation Policies for Scanning Sensors Adapting the Idea of Continuous Designs for Moving Sensors Optimization of Sensor Trajectories Based on Optimal-Control Techniques Concluding Remarks MEASUREMENT STRATEGIES WITH ALTERNATIVE DESIGN OBJECTIVES Optimal Sensor Location for Prediction Sensor Location for Model Discrimination Conclusions ROBUST DESIGNS FOR SENSOR LOCATION Sequential Designs Optimal Designs in the Average Sense Optimal Designs in the Minimax Sense Robust Sensor Location Using Randomized Algorithms Concluding Remarks TOWARDS EVEN MORE CHALLENGING PROBLEMS Measurement Strategies in the Presence of Correlated Observations Maximization of an Observability Measure Summary APPLICATIONS FROM ENGINEERING Electrolytic Reactor Calibration of Smog Prediction Models Monitoring of Groundwater Resources Quality Diffusion Process With Correlated Observational Errors Vibrating H-Shaped Membrane CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS APPENDICES List of Symbols Mathematical Background On Statistical Properties of Estimators Analysis of the Largest Eigenvalue Differentiation of Nonlinear Operators Accessory Results for PDE's Interpolation of Tabulated Sensitivity Coefficients Differentials of Section 4.3. 3 Solving Sensor Location Problems Using Maple and MATLAB
Fractal Activity Time Models for Risky Asset with Dependence and Generalized Hyperbolic Distributions

Risky asset models with the dependence through fractal activity time are described. The construction of the fractal activity time is implemented via superpositions of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type processes driven by Lévy noise. The model features both tractable dependence structure and desired marginal distributions of the returns from the generalized hyperbolic class: the Variance Gamma and normal inverse Gaussian. These distributions provide good fit to real financial data. Pricing formulae for the proposed models are derived.
Effective boundary conditions for magnetohydrodynamic flows with thin Hartmann layers

Here we build some effective boundary conditions to be used in numerical calculations in order to avoid the thin meshing usually required in problems involving Hartmann layers near a locally plane wall. Wall model are provided for both tangential and normal electric current density and velocity. In particular, a condition on the normal derivative of the tangential velocity is derived. A wide variety of problems is covered as the only restriction is that the magnetic Reynolds number has to be large at the scale of the Hartmann layer. The cases of perfectly conducting or insulating wall are examined, as well as the case of a thin conducting wall. The newest result is a condition on the normal velocity accounting for inertial effects in the Hartmann layer.
Sleep in Disorders of Consciousness: A Brief Overview on a Still under Investigated Issue

Consciousness is a multifaceted concept, involving both wakefulness, i.e., a condition of being alert that is regulated by the brainstem, and awareness, a subjective experience of any thoughts or perception or emotion. Recently, the European Academy of Neurology has published international guidelines for a better diagnosis of coma and other disorders of consciousness (DOC) through the investigation of sleep patterns, such as slow-wave and REM, and the study of the EEG using machine learning methods and artificial intelligence. The management of sleep disorders in DOC patients is an increasingly hot topic and deserves careful diagnosis, to allow for the most accurate prognosis and the best medical treatment possible. The aim of this review was to investigate the anatomo-physiological basis of the sleep/wake cycle, as well as the main sleep patterns and sleep disorders in patients with DOC. We found that the sleep characteristics in DOC patients are still controversial. DOC patients often present a theta/delta pattern, while epileptiform activity, as well as other sleep elements, have been reported as correlating with outcomes in patients with coma and DOC. The absence of spindles, as well as REM and K-complexes of NREM sleep, have been used as poor predictors for early awakening in DOC patients, especially in UWS patients. Therefore, sleep could be considered a marker of DOC recovery, and effective treatments for sleep disorders may either indirectly or directly favor recovery of consciousness.
12‐month‐olds show evidence of a possible‐word constraint

The possible‐word constraint (PWC) limits the number of lexical candidates considered for a given input by stipulating that the input should be parsed into a string of feasible words [Norris et al., Cogn. Sci. 34, 191–243 (1997)]. Any segmentation resulting in impossible word candidates (i.e., an isolated single consonant) is disfavored. Four experiments using the head‐turn preference procedure investigated whether 12‐month‐olds observe the PWC to aid them in word recognition. In the first two experiments, infants were familiarized with lists of words (e.g, ‘‘rush’’), then tested on lists of nonsense items containing these words in ‘‘possible’’ or ‘‘impossible’’ positions [e.g., ‘‘niprush’’ (nip+rush—possible) or ‘‘prush’’ (p+rush—impossible)]. In the other experiments, 12‐month‐olds were similarly familiarized with lists of words, but test items occurred in sentential contexts; this condition more readily taxed online segmentation abilities. In the first two experiments, 12‐month‐olds listened significan.
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE Hq-SEMICLASSICAL ORTHOGONAL POLYNOMIALS

Orthogonal polynomials associated with Hqsemiclassical linear form will be stud- ied as a generalization of the Hqclassical linear forms. The concept of class and a criterion for determining it will be given. The q-difference equation that the corresponding formal Stieltjes se- ries satisfies is obtained. Also, the structure relation as well as the second order linear q-difference equation are obtained. Some examples of Hqsemiclassical of class 1 were highlighted.
Thermal particle production in the early universe

The thesis deals with the production of weakly interacting particles via decay and scattering in the early universe which is in the state of a hot thermal plasma. Already at leading order in the gauge coupling constant multiple rescattering off soft (p ~ gT) gauge bosons has to be included which leads to nontrivial interference terms that must be taken into account. This phenomenon is known under the name "Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) effect" and has so far only been considered for the computation of photon production rates from a quark-gluon plasma. In this thesis, a conceptually new approach to take gauge interactions consistently into account at leading order is presented. By considering an effective theory for a specific class of diagrams, it is relatively straightforward to derive an integral equation that sums Bremsstrahlung and LPM contribution to the particle production rate. The approach is more general than those that were used previously because the produced particle only has to be specified at the very end. As an application of the new formalism, the production rate of right-handed Majorana neutrinos, relevant for models of thermal leptogenesis, is computed to leading order in the SU(2) and U(1) gauge couplings and numerical results for the production rate are shown. Scattering processes involving top quarks and electroweak gauge bosons are additionally taken into account. While unaffected by the LPM effect, they are still nontrivial due to IR divergences which must be removed in a gauge-invariant way. The corresponding results have also been derived for the first time in this thesis which thus constitutes a major step towards a complete treatment of thermal leptogenesis using thermal field theory. In addition, by using the new approach put forward here, gauge interactions can now also straightforwardly be included in computations of the decay contribution to thermal production rates of other particles, e.g. DM candidates.
Biofloc Technology in Fish Aquaculture: A Review

The application of biofloc to fish species has several advantages, including the enhancement of production by increasing growth performance and survival rate and the improvement of fish aquaculture physiological activity. There has been a recent increase in biofloc addition to fish culture, and this review examines changes this causes to the survival and growth rate of fish and its economic feasibility. Physiological activity and disease resistance of biofloc-fed fish is being extensively studied. The hematological parameters and antioxidant and immune responses of fish fed biofloc were reviewed in this study, as well as their disease resistance by testing them for major specific diseases. Standards for effectively applying biofloc to fish aquaculture are also suggested.
Cropping system drives microbial community response to simulated climate change and plant inputs

The soil microbiome’s role in regulating biogeochemical processing is critical to the cycling and storage of soil organic carbon (C). The function of the microbiome under different land management uses has become a focal area of research due to the interest in managing soil C to mitigate climate change. This study investigates the structural and functional response of soil microbiomes from annual monoculture (corn [Zea mays L.]) and perennial diversified (prairie) cropping systems, both under no-till management for bioenergy production. We used a full factorial soil incubation study to understand the influence of temperature and moisture on microbial C decomposition in these soils, with and without addition of cellulose as a model plant residue. Overall, perennial prairie soil supported distinct microbiomes with more diverse prokaryotic and fungal communities compared to annual corn soil. The less diverse corn microbiome was sensitive to the addition of C, resulting in significantly higher respiration compared to prairie, and this increased respiration was amplified under warmer temperatures. In contrast to C loss from the corn soil as carbon dioxide (CO2), prairie soil had significantly higher extracellular enzyme activities and small increases in microbial biomass, illustrating cropping system-specific tradeoffs between microbial C allocation. Specific community structure shifts occurred with added cellulose, where fast-growing, motile decomposers became more abundant under wet conditions, while a small subset of fungi dominated under dry conditions. These differential responses of fungi and bacteria reflect microbial traits important for accessing substrates like plant residues. These changes in community structure due to moisture and cellulose amendment were not necessarily reflected in community function, as potential enzyme activities of most hydrolases were insensitive to temperature and C amendment on this short time scale. Lower respiration occurred in prairie compared to corn soil in response to increased available C and temperature, indicating a more resistant prairie microbiome that may be beneficial when confronted with climate change. These findings support deploying perennial and diversified systems in place of annual monocultures as bioenergy feedstocks, cover crops, buffer strips, or urban greenspaces as part of a land management strategy and highlight the importance of microbial activity in developing sustainable agroecosystems.
Research Regarding Dental Mobility Phenomena in the Clinical Recognition Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Disorders

The main objective of this study is to quantify the implications of the complications of periodontal pathology and dental mobility on the pathology of dysfunctional algo syndrome, a clinical entity with profound implications for the patient’s quality of life. Methodology: Clinical and laboratory evaluation was conducted in the 2018–2022 period, on a group of 110 women and 130 men, aged between 20–69, selected from our practice venue, Policlinica Stomatologica nr. 1 Iasi, Clinical Base of Dentistry Education “Mihail Kogalniceanu” Iasi, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi and “Apollonia” University Iasi. Overall, 125 subjects were diagnosed with periodontal disease with complications and TMJ disorders and followed periodontal therapy in the context of oral complex rehabilitation treatments (study group); the results of their clinical evaluation were compared with the results of the evaluation of the control group, made from the other 115 patients). Results: Dental mobility and gingival recession were identified as more frequent in the study sample compared with the control sample, the differences being statistically significant in both cases. In total, 26.7% of patients had different types of TMJ disorders and 22.9% of patients had occlusal changes; the percentages are slightly increased in the study sample compared with the control one, but the recorded differences are not statistically significant. Conclusions: Dental mobility, most of the time, is a negative consequence of periodontal disease, leading to the alteration of the mandibular-cranial relations, materializing in an important proportion as an etiopathogenic factor of the dysfunctional syndrome of the stomatognathic system.
Effect of talker sex on infants’ detection of spondee words in a two-talker or a speech-shaped noise masker

Speech recognition performance in the presence of competing speech is typically better for adults when the target and masker talkers are different sexes than when the target and masker talkers are the same sex. One explanation for this result is that the acoustic differences between male and female speech productions promote segregation of the two streams of speech, thus leading to a reduction in informational masking. In this study, an observer-based psychophysical procedure was used to compare infants’ (7–13 months) masked speech detection thresholds for spondee words produced by a male or a female talker in either a two-female-talker or a speech-shaped noise masker. Infants were assigned to a single testing condition. Maskers were presented continuously throughout testing at an overall level of 50 dB SPL, fixed throughout testing. Following training to an 80%-correct criterion, thresholds for the target word were measured adaptively using a 2-down, 1-up procedure. Infants’ thresholds in the two-female-.
The 1979-1980 eclipse of Zeta Aurigae. I - The circumstellar envelope

The resonance lines of Mg/sup +/ and C/sup + + +/ have been studied in the spectrum of zeta Aurigae during 1979 and 1980. A model of the K-star wind far from the K star and its interaction with the B star in the system has been derived. The data suggest a mass loss rate from the K star of 2 x 10/sup -8/ M/sub sun/ yr/sup -1/. The rate of accretion by the B star of material from the K supergiant is such that the matter accreted in the course of about 10 years is of the order of the total mass of the photosphere of the B star.
Dynamic Response of Highway Bridges to Heavy Vehicle Loads: Theory and Experimental Validation

Abstract A calculation procedure is developed to predict the dynamic response of a bridge to a given set of vehicle wheel loads. The method involves convolution of the vehicle loads with modal responses of the bridge and the convolution integral is solved by transformation to the frequency domain using the fast Fourier transform. The method is then extended by an iterative procedure to include dynamic interaction between the bridge and an arbitrary mathematical model of a vehicle. Examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the convolution method, and to demonstrate the convergence of the iterative procedure. Experimental measurements on a highway bridge are presented and used to validate the calculation method. The modal properties of the bridge were measured by impulse tests with an instrumented hammer and compared with simple mathematical models. Single vehicle tests, in which the wheel loads and dynamic response of the bridge were measured simultaneously, are discussed. The measured dynamic wheel loads were convolved with the measured modal properties of the bridge and the predicted responses are compared with the measured responses. Good agreement is found.
Asymptotic Normality of Minimum L1-Norm Estimates in Linear Models

Consider the standard linear model where x x ,x 2 … are assumed to be the known p-vectors, β the unknown p-vector of regression coefficients, and e 1 , e 2 , …the independent random error sequence, each having a median zero. Define the minimum L 1 norm estimator as,the solution of the minimization problem inf It is proved in this paper that is asymptotically normal under very weak conditions. In particular, the condition imposed on {xi} is exactly the same which ensures the asymptotic normality of least-squares estimate:
Efficient measurements of the diameter of the human artery using super-resolution imaging technique based on multi-scale wavelet analysis

The aim of the work presented in this paper is focused on the super-resolution technique for image processing in order to measure efficiently the diameter of the human artery. This work can find crucial applications in avoiding cerebral aneurisms if the physician has a good monitoring tool that can allow him to get this information early on the basis of the analysis of cerebral artery images. For this purpose, we have used a simulated artery home probe made of silicon and this model had been scanned by Phillips flat panel scanner (ALURA FD 20) with a resolution of 0.035mm. We have developed software based on the superresolution algorithm using the multi-scale wavelet analysis and able to reconstruct a high resolution image closest to the reality from a low resolution image. We have applied our image processing software to many images and have carried out a comparison with a super-resolution technique based on polynomial interpolation or B-splines interpolation and find out that our method yields better measurements of the artery diameter.
The black hole spin controversy

Astrophysical black holes are the simplest possible objects. They are completely described by only two parameters in general relativity, their mass and the specific angular momentum, spin. The spin is a fundamental characteristic of a black hole, but unlike mass it leaves a mark on space-time only very close to the event horizon, and is therefore more difficult to measure. The observational relevance of the spin comes from the fact that it sets the size scale of the last stable orbit around the accreting black hole, dragging the accretion disc farther in the faster it spins. Black hole spin is a very controversial topic in both stellar and supermassive black holes. There are two methods to determine spin in binary systems, using either the direct disc continuum or the reflected emission. These can give significantly different values, and understanding the source of this discrepancy is important especially for interpreting AGN spin, where only the reflection method can be used. We have strived to understand and carefully model the time-averaged energy spectra from several Galactic black hole binaries, in order to ultimately measure the black hole spin. Achieving this has required in-depth understanding of the instruments as well as the data analysis methods. The spin leaves only minor traces in the data, and these can be affected by calibration uncertainties, uncertainties in the models and systematic uncertainties. This knowledge is absolutely essential for a detailed analysis of all relativistically smeared atomic features seen in the time-averaged energy spectra of compact objects.
Color Evolution in High-Redshift Galaxies

The Simultaneous Photometer for Infrared and Visual Light has been used to observe 40 radio- and 39 optically-selected giant elliptical galaxies of known redshift in the 0.019-1.6 range. There is no indication in the results obtained of differences between the colors of radio and nonradio galaxies, with the exception of H-K in the z=0.2-0.4 range; the H-K color is best fitted by a passively evolving model with little residual star formation. Some galaxies exhibit strong blueward deviations. This behavior is most easily explained by star formation episodes involving small fractions of the total number of stars. 59 references.
Integrality of nasalization and F1 in vowels in isolation and before oral and nasal consonants: A detection‐theoretic application of the Garner paradigm

In vowel height contrasts, tongue height and soft palate height covary. A series of vowel classification experiments examined the perceptual interactions between F1 and nasalization, the principal acoustic correlates of these articulations. Listeners classified imperfectly discriminable stimuli in the set of tasks that compose the Garner paradigm. Detection‐theoretic models applied to the data led to the conclusion that vowels, whether in isolation, before oral consonants, or before nasal consonants, display integrality of F1 and nasalization. The contrary conclusion reached by Krakow et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 83, 1146–1158 (1988)] on the basis of data from a trading relations experiment reflect a limitation of that design for studying perceptual interaction. A second experiment used an array ‘‘rotated’’ in the stimulus space to determine whether F1 and nasalization are privileged, perceptually primary dimensions. A new method for predicting classification performance for the rotated array without the a.
Delegating violence in democracies: embedded developmentalism and persistence of labor repression in South Korea

Abstract We address how democracy has influenced the ways in which the Korean state has managed the issue of labor-based collective action and suppression thereof. During the authoritarian period, the state, through specialized riot police, frequently, and violently, cracked down on protest movements and other forms of collective action. During democratization and post-democratic consolidation, private specialists in violence, operating with the consent of the state, began to replace public forces on the front lines, while working in concert out of the view of the public. Although such state/non-state collaboration in the market for oftentimes illegal violence has been addressed in scholarship elsewhere, we demonstrate through detailed evaluation that the extant explanations are largely incomplete, as they fail to capture the effects of changing relative levels of state-based autonomy from societal and corporatist influence.
On Algebraic Geometric Codes and Some Related Codes

The main topic of this thesis is the construction of the algebraic geometric codes (Goppa codes), and their decoding by the list-decoding, which allows one to correct beyond half of the minimum distance. We also consider the list-decoding of the Reed–Solomon codes as they are subclass of the Goppa codes, and the determination of the parameters of the non primitive BCH codes. AMS Subject Classification: 4B05, 94B15, 94B35, 94B27, 11T71, 94B65, B70.