Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The distribution of doctor quality: evidence from cardiologists in England

There is widespread and unexplained variation in the outcomes of similar patients across place and providers in all developed health systems. This paper provides new evidence on the role senior doctors play in determining patient outcomes. I exploit within-hospital quasirandom assignment of patients to senior doctors following a heart attack to estimate the effectiveness of individual doctors, and to estimate returns to experience for these doctors. 28% of doctors work in multiple hospitals over a 13 year period, enabling the separate identification of doctor effects from hospital effects or observable patient characteristics. I find that a standard deviation increase in doctor quality reduces mortality rates over the next year by 3.6 percentage points, or 25% of mean mortality. There are relatively modest returns to specific experience, with mortality reductions from a standard deviation increase in the physician’s 3-year caseload equivalent to around 6% of a standard deviation in permanent doctor quality. Estimating the effectiveness of each physician when treating patients with specific diagnoses, I analyse potential mortality reductions from reallocating doctors across patients. I find that mortality could be reduced by 8% by reassigning doctors within-hospital to patients on the basis of their comparative ability to treat each patient type. These results suggest that substantial improvements in patient outcomes could be achieved by reallocating existing senior staff resources. JEL Classification: I10; I14; J24.
Solution of World Robot Challenge 2020 Partner Robot Challenge (Real Space)

The World Robot Challenge is an international competition for the social implementation of robots. Among them, the Partner Robot Challenge (Real Space) is a category that focuses on domestic service robots, competing to achieve simple tasks such as tidying a room, avoiding small obstacles, grasping a specified object from the shelf, and delivering an object to a waving person. In this category, we focused on the theme of ‘Keep Moving’ and worked on researching and developing technologies for object recognition, grasping, and other tasks. For object recognition, we propose an automatic dataset generator using a physics simulator and generate about 490,000 images in two hours. We trained it with an instance segmentation model, achieving an accuracy of about 79.3% in all games. For object grasping, we installed a three-dimensional sensor on the robot hand, and achieved successful grasping with high accuracy of about 79.6% (88.9% excluding failures due to hardware problems) in all games. In addition, we propose a motion synthesis method that simultaneously performs movement and posture transition to achieve high-speed motion. When navigation is executed, the robot changes to the navigation posture while aiming for the goal. Before reaching the goal, it changes the posture for the following action. As a result, we realized a speedup of about 1.32 times in the pick-and-place task. In the tidy-up task, the robot could clear an average of 14 objects and a maximum of 16 objects in 15 minutes. In the obstacle avoidance task, the robot succeeded five times out of six games, and in the delivery task, it succeeded four times out of six games. Throughout all the tasks, we scored 800 points twice, the highest score in the world, and won the championship. This research is aimed at the practical application of domestic service robots. We believe that the results presented in this paper demonstrate the practicality of domestic service robots in a well-developed environment. The video of the finals is available at https://youtu.be/ElUb8bfSC34? t=5511 (right side). The our source code using the simulator is available at https://github.com/Hibikino-Musashi-Home/hma_wrs_sim_ws. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Superconductivity and Structure of Bi2Sr2Ca1-xPrxCu2Oy System

The effect of Pr substitution on the superconductivity and structure of the Bi2Sr2Ca1-xPrxCu2Oy system is investigated. The onset superconductivity transition temperature, Tc(on), first increased and reached its maximum value of 87 K at x=0.2 and then decreased until it became zero at about x\cong0.7. At a higher doping level a metal–insulator transition is observed. The microstructure of the system has been analyzed by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. These analyses show that the ratio of (2212) to (2201) phase is improved up to x=0.2 and then reduced at higher concentrations.
Vibration Characteristics and Experimental Research of Combined Beam Tri-Stable Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

Vibration energy harvesting technology is expected to solve the power supply and endurance problems of wireless sensor systems, realize the self-power supply of wireless sensor systems in coal mines, and promote the intelligent development of coal mine equipment. A combined beam tri-stable piezoelectric energy harvester (CTPEH) is designed by introducing magnetic force into the combined beam structure. In order to explore the vibration characteristics of CTPEH, a nonlinear magnetic model is obtained based on the magnetic dipole theory, and the dynamic equation of the system is established using the Lagrange theorem and Rayleigh–Ritz theory. The influence of the different magnet distances and excitation conditions on the static bifurcation characteristics and dynamic response characteristics of the system are analyzed by numerical simulation, and the simulation results are validated by the experiments. The research results show that the motion state of the CTPEH system has four transition forms from mono-stable to tri-stable with the change in magnet distance. The tri-stable system has three potential energy curves with different characteristic shapes. The appropriate starting excitation position and excitation frequency can make it easier for the system to realize a large-amplitude response state, thereby improving the output performance of the system. This research provides new ideas and methods for optimizing the performance of the combined beam piezoelectric energy harvester.
Fundamentals of Astrodynamics and Applications

1. Equations of Motion. 2. Kepler's Equation and Kepler's Problem. 3. Coordinate and Time Systems. 4. Observations. 5. Celestial Phenomena. 6. Orbital Maneuvering. 7. Initial Orbit Determination. 8. Special Perturbation Techniques. 9. General Perturbation Techniques. 10. Orbit Determination and Estimation. 11. Mission Analysis. Appendix A: Dictionary of Symbols. Appendix B: Modeling the Atmosphere. Appendix C: Mathematical Fundamentals. Appendix D: Constants and Expansions.
Peningkatan Disolusi Asam Mefenamat Melalui Kokristalisasi dengan Para-Aminobenzoic Acid Menggunakan Metode Liquid‐Assisted Grinding

Telah dilakukan kokristalisasi asam mefenamat (AM) dengan para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) sebagai koformer dengan menggunakan metode liquid‐assisted grinding. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah asam mefenamat dapat ditingkatkan laju disolusinya melalui pembentukan kokristal dengan PABA. Kokristal AM-PABA dibuat dengan perbandingan molar 1:2. Laju disolusi kokristal AM-PABA meningkat 1,45 kali lebih baik dibandingkan asam mefenamat murni. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan terbentuknya fase kristal baru yang ditandai dengan munculnya puncak difraktogram baru pada XRD, penurunan titik lebur pada termogram DSC, serta pergeseran dan penurunan intensitas bilangan gelombang pada spektra FTIR.
Lost in Communication: Do Family Physicians Provide Patients with Information on Preventing Diet-Related Diseases?

Abstract: Background Diet-related diseases remain leading causes of death in most developed countries around the world. The aim of the study was to compare opinions of patients and family physicians on receiving and providing recommendations about physical activity, diet and use of medication. Methods: The questionnaire study was conducted among patients of 36 primary health care clinics in Poland between September 2018 and February 2019. Patients and physicians were interviewed separately by trained researchers. Data from 509 patients and 167 family doctors were analyzed. Results: The median age of patients was 44 years (interquartile range: 29–55) and 70% were women. The majority of physicians were women (59%) and the median age was 37 years (IQR: 31–50). There was a significant difference between physicians’ declarations on providing recommendations on diet (92% vs. 39%) and activity (90% vs. 37%) versus patients’ declarations on receiving them. Conclusions: The results indicate that there is significant room for improvement in providing patients with proper recommendations on diet and physical activity by their family physicians. Primary care physicians should put more emphasis on clear communication of recommendations on diet and physical activity.
Ultrasound Neuromodulation Reduces Demyelination in a Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) may serve as targets for remyelination-enhancing therapy. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been demonstrated to ameliorate myelin loss and inhibit neuroinflammation in animal models of brain disorders; however, the underlying mechanisms through which LIPUS stimulates remyelination and glial activation are not well-understood. This study explored the impacts of LIPUS on remyelination and resident cells following lysolecithin (LPC)-induced local demyelination in the hippocampus. Demyelination was induced by the micro-injection of 1.5 μL of 1% LPC into the rat hippocampus, and the treatment groups received daily LIPUS stimulation for 5 days. The therapeutic effects of LIPUS on LPC-induced demyelination were assessed through immunohistochemistry staining. The staining was performed to evaluate remyelination and Iba-1 staining as a microglia marker. Our data revealed that LIPUS significantly increased myelin basic protein (MBP) expression. Moreover, the IHC results showed that LIPUS significantly inhibited glial cell activation, enhanced mature oligodendrocyte density, and promoted brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression at the lesion site. In addition, a heterologous population of microglia with various morphologies can be found in the demyelination lesion after LIPUS treatment. These data show that LIPUS stimulation may serve as a potential treatment for accelerating remyelination through the attenuation of glial activation and the enhancement of mature oligodendrocyte density and BDNF production.
The complex quadric from the standpoint of Riemannian geometry

The complex hypersurfaces of a complex projective space P^n which are of least complexity (apart from the projective subspaces, whose geometry is known completely) are those which are determined by a non-degenerate quadratic equation, the complex quadrics. From the algebraic point of view, all complex quadrics are equivalent. However, if one regards P^n as a Riemannian manifold (with the Fubini-Study metric), it turns out that only certain complex quadrics are adapted to the Riemannian metric of P^n in the sense that they are symmetric submanifolds of P^n. These quadrics are also singled out by the fact that they are (again apart from the projective subspaces) the only complex hypersurfaces in P^n which are Einstein manifolds, see see Smyth, [Smy67] (the bibliographic references of the present abstract refers to the bibliography of the dissertation). In the sequel the term ``complex quadric'' always refers to these adapted complex quadrics. While the algebraic behaviour of complex quadrics Q is well-known, there still remains a lot to be said about their intrinsic and extrinsic Riemannian geometry; the present dissertation provides a contribution to this subject. Specifically, the following results are obtained: -- The classification of the totally geodesic submanifolds of Q. -- The investigation of certain congruence families of totally geodesic submanifolds in Q; these families are equipped with the structure of a naturally reductive homogeneous space in a general setting, and it is investigated in which cases this structure is induced by a symmetric structure. -- It is shown that the set of the k-dimensional ``subquadrics'' contained in Q (which are all isometric to one another) is composed of a one-parameter-series of congruence classes; moreover the extrinsic geometry of these subquadrics is studied. -- It is well known that the following isomorphies hold between complex quadrics of low dimension and members of other series of Riemannian symmetric spaces: Q^1 is isomorphic to the sphere S^2 Q^2 is isomorphic to P^1 x P^1 Q^3 is isomorphic to Sp(2)/U(2) Q^4 is isomorphic to the Grassmannian G_2(C^4) Q^6 is isomorphic to SO(8)/U(4) These isomorphisms are constructed explicitly in a rather geometric way.
VvSUN may act in the auxin pathway to regulate fruit shape in grape

Abstract Fruit shape is an essential agronomic feature in many crops. We identified and functionally characterized an auxin pathway-related gene, VvSUN. VvSUN, which belongs to the SUN/IQ67-DOMAIN (IQD) family, localizes to the plasma membrane and chloroplast and may be involved in controlling fruit shape through auxin. It is highly expressed in the ovary, and the expression level 1 week before the anthesis stage is positively correlated with the fruit shape index. Functional analyses illustrated that VvSUN gene overexpression in tomato and tobacco plants changed fruit/pod shape. The VvSUN promoter directly bound to VvARF6 in yeast and activated ß-glucuronidase (GUS) activity by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) treatments in grapevine leaves, indicating that VvSUN functions are in coordination with auxin. Further analysis of 35S::VvSUN transgenic tomato ovaries showed that the fruit shape changes caused by VvSUN were predominantly caused by variations in cell number in longitudinal directions by regulating endogenous auxin levels via polar transport and/or auxin signal transduction process variations. Moreover, enrichment of the 35S::VvSUN transgenic tomato differentially expressed genes was found in a variety of biological processes, including primary metabolic process, transmembrane transport, calcium ion binding, cytoskeletal protein binding, tubulin binding, and microtubule-based movement. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we confirmed that this plant hormone signal transduction may play a crucial role in controlling fruit shape. As a consequence, it is possible that VvSUN acts as a hub gene, altering cellular auxin levels and the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, which plays a role in cell division patterns, leading to anisotropic growth of the ovary and, ultimately, an elongated fruit shape.
Water Quality Assessment of Euphrates River Within Fallujah City Using Water Quality Indices Technique

Scientist and researchers were recognized the important of water quality, Water resources are especially susceptible aquatic systems to many pollutants sources. Determination of water quality characteristics are very significance in term of the environmental considerations. This study aims to assess the water quality of the Euphrates river in the Fallujah Euphrates Reach (FER) by measuring the concentration of chemical and physical properties of water using multiple devices. CWQI and WAWQI were also used to assess the quality of water and indicate its suitability for drinking purposes, based on standard specifications from IQS, WHO, and USEPA as a criterion for comparison purposes. The findings show that with the use of CWQI, the quality of water was fair based on IQS, good based on WHO, and marginal based on USEPA, while the quality ranged between good, poor, very poor, and unsuitable for drinking purposes as a result of using WAWQI, with the exception of station 7, where the value of the WAWQI was greater than 100 mg/L, which indicates that the water is not suitable for drinking purposes as a result of the pollution of this station from a point source, which caused the high concentration of turbidity, sulfate, BOD5, and total dissolved solids, and decreased the DO concentration in this station compared to the rest of the stations, which were within the permissible.
Symmetries and Interactions in Matrix String Theory

This PhD-thesis reviews matrix string theory and recent developments therein. The emphasis is put on symmetries, interactions and scattering processes in the matrix model. We start with an introduction to matrix string theory and a review of the orbifold model that flows out of matrix string theory in the strong YM coupling limit. Then we turn our attention to the appearance of U-duality symmetry in gauge models, after a (very) short summary of string duality, D-branes and M-theory. The last chapter reviews matrix string interactions and scattering processes in the high energy limit. Also, pair production of D-particles is studied in detail. D-pair production is expected to give important corrections to high energy scattering processes in string theory.
The Impact of Training on the Loss of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Aging Masters Endurance Athletes

Elite masters endurance athletes are considered models of optimal healthy aging due to the maintenance of high cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) until old age. Whereas a drop in VO2max in masters athletes has been broadly investigated, the modifying impact of training still remains a matter of debate. Longitudinal observations in masters endurance athletes demonstrated VO2max declines between −5% and −46% per decade that were closely related to changes in training volume. Here, using regression analyses, we show that 54% and 39% of the variance in observed VO2max decline in male and female athletes, respectively is explained by changes in training volume. An almost linear VO2max decrease was observed in studies on young and older athletes, as well as non-athletes, starting a few days after training cessation, with a decline of as much as −20% after 12 weeks. Besides a decline in stroke volume and cardiac output, training cessation was accompanied by considerable reductions in citrate synthase and succinate dehydrogenase activity (reduction in mitochondrial content and oxidative capacity). This reduction could largely be rescued within similar time periods of training (re)uptake. It is evident that training reduction or cessation leads to a considerably accelerated VO2max drop, as compared to the gradual aging-related VO2max decline, which can rapidly nullify many of the benefits of preceding long-term training efforts.
Novel Therapies for the Treatment of Cardiac Fibrosis Following Myocardial Infarction

Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological consequence of most myocardial diseases. It is associated with the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins as well as fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts in the cardiac interstitium. This structural remodeling often results in myocardial dysfunctions such as arrhythmias and impaired systolic function in patients with heart conditions, ultimately leading to heart failure and death. An understanding of the precise mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis is still limited due to the numerous signaling pathways, cells, and mediators involved in the process. This review article will focus on the pathophysiological processes associated with the development of cardiac fibrosis. In addition, it will summarize the novel strategies for anti-fibrotic therapies such as epigenetic modifications, miRNAs, and CRISPR technologies as well as various medications in cellular and animal models.
Aviation attacks based on ILS and VOR vulnerabilities

Aim: As the aviation industry grows more digital and reliant on wireless technology, it has grown more appealing to cyber criminals, including nation-state actors and terrorists. Vulnerabilities in a wide range of networked devices and (sub)systems, as well as their implementations and design defects, can be used to carry out malicious operations. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive survey threats on aviation communication models. Methods: We describe an overview of aviation threat model and attacks. A detailed taxonomy predicated on security vulnerability is presented. Further, this paper discusses the research aspects and challenges to be taken care of in aviation security and communication Finally, we conclude with a summary of the current state of threats and their consequences for widely-used aviation models. Results: The main findings of this study is to introduce fundamental security vulnerabilities of aviation model and classify into categories to efficiently analyze them. Vulnerabilities of VOR, ILS systems and their impact are also discussed. Moreover, we describe and assess mitigation systems to defense these attacks. Conclusion: We conclude that the aviation system is still exposed to various attacks. We examine key technological challenges that have been serving as a deterrent to adopting more secure alternative approaches, as well as research avenues where further progress is needed.
Reference-Dependent Self-Control: Menu Effects and Behavioral Choices

As is well-known, choices of a decision maker (DM) who attempts self-control in the face of temptation may exhibit menu eﬀects and “non-standard” patterns. Existing models can accommodate some of these patterns but not others; e.g., they can explain self-control undermining menu eﬀects, but not self-control enhancing ones. We introduce a model of self-control with the goal of better understanding and accounting for such eﬀects. The basic idea underlying our model is that the DM experiences a psychological cost if she succumbs to temptation and chooses in a manner that is totally antithetical to her commitment preferences. To mitigate such costs, in any menu, her expression of self-control involves, ﬁrst, eliminating a subset of alternatives that are worst according to her commitment preferences, with the elimination process being reference-dependent. Then, amongst the remaining alternatives, she chooses the best one according to her temptation preferences. Besides studying menu eﬀects, we characterize the model behaviorally based on a novel axiom called WARP with norms. We also show that the model is well-identiﬁed.
Undoing the twist: The Hořava limit of Einstein-aether theory

We show that Ho\v{r}ava gravity can be obtained from Einstein-aether theory in the limit that the twist coupling constant goes to infinity, while holding fixed the expansion, shear and acceleration couplings. This limit helps to clarify the relation between the two theories, and allows Ho\v{r}ava results to be obtained from Einstein-aether ones. The limit is illustrated with several examples, including rotating black hole equations, PPN parameters, and radiation rates from binary systems.
Energy security index of Algeria: an integrated approach

Energy security is considered as one of the most important challenge for world countries, given that it represents one of the main pillars of sovereignty. This study aims to evaluate and analyse the energy security performance of Algeria over the period 1980-2020 through the development of a composite index, named ESIA, on the basis of five dimensions; Availability, Affordability, Applicability, Acceptability and Governance. The results show that energy security presents a moderate performance, with score range of (5.29-7.51). The highest performance is showed during the sub-period 2005-2020. The availability, affordability and applicability indicators are the main drivers of this performance, respectively. While, the acceptability indicators play a little positive effect, and the proactive nature of energy sector governance is still considered as challenging for Algeria. Five important policy implications were identified in order to improve the energy security of the country.