Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proposal of the head-heart-base technique as an innovative method to describe and evaluate the aroma profile of wine and cider

ABSTRACT A novel method for the sensory evaluation of wine and cider is proposed that combines advantages of other commonly used techniques while simplifying a tasting protocol that is more accessible for unexperienced panelists. The method is based on panelist’s evaluation of samples in three discrete and directed steps; evaluation of head, heart, and base characters. The technique provides the sensory analyst with a simplified approach to difference testing and, in many instances, helps statistically differentiate samples by reducing panelist confusion. The head aroma is defined as the first impression after removing the lid from a covered glass prior to agitating the sample. The heart aroma is defined as the primary impression after agitating the sample. The base character is defined as the final aroma impression and retronasal evaluation of the product. Each component is evaluated independently using a generalized grouping of descriptors; sensory impression or grouping descriptors can be refined if the analyst aims to draw a higher level of detail or descriptive analysis from their panel. Application of the proposed analytical protocol suggests that the technique is simple for less-experienced panelists to learn and follow, and allowed them to easily focus on the testing attributes with minimal confusion of confounding factors.
Dissociative Adsorption of Water at (211) Stepped Metallic Surfaces by First-Principles Simulations

Steps at high-index metallic surfaces display higher chemical reactivity than close-packed surfaces and may give rise to selective adsorption and partial dissociation of water. Inspired by differential desorption experiments, we have studied the adsorption and dissociation of water clusters and one-dimensional wires on Pt(211) by density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations. These calculations reveal that water at the step edges of Pt(211) adsorbs more weakly than at Pt(221), but partial dissociation of adsorbed water clusters is energetically competitive. We observe that the one-dimensional structure proposed experimentally can be realized only by partially dissociated water wires. In addition, weaker adsorption allows the formation of structures in which a number of water molecules detach from the step and form weak hydrogen bonds with the terrace. This study is further extended to the energetics of small water clusters on (211) surfaces of Ir, Rh, and Pd.
Political Patronage, Audit Quality, and the Properties of Analysts' Earnings Forecasts in Malaysia

Based on a sample of 2,034 Malaysian listed firm-year observations for the period 2007–2014, this study shows a negative relationship between dimensions of political patronage (i.e., politically connected firms and the percentage of Bumiputera directors) and analysts' earnings forecast accuracy. Furthermore, the study documents a positive relationship between Bumiputera directors and earnings forecast dispersion. These results suggest that the political patronage of firms is associated with low-quality earnings. We also find that measures of high audit quality are associated with high financial reporting quality and that this is evident in firms with high audit quality showing a weaker negative (positive) relationship between forecast accuracy (dispersion) and political connections and high levels of Bumiputera directors. Overall, the findings suggest that high audit quality plays an important role in mitigating agency costs of information asymmetry by improving the financial information environment. JEL Classifications: G24; G34; G38.
Revenue forecasting based on business opportunities

CRM Opportunity data from a corporation are analysed for patterns. These data is created from salesmen and provide business opportunity information with win probabilities and volumes. The first step of the analysis is to create crosstables. In the table, observed probabilities and subjective probabilities vary a lot. We also check for probability independencies of opportunities at MDF compared to EFY volumes. As a result, we do not find dependences. The sum of all open weighed MFY opportunities from FY 2012 – 2015 calculated as a forecast for the EFY total volume is € 168.712. 641. The realized volume is however € 53.178. 551, that is only 33.8% of all weighted opportunities. Even if we assume that we have only the prior knowledge, the 30.6% of the FY are successful, the subjective probabilities are actually pointing into the wrong direction and we obtain a much better EFY estimation than using the subjective probabilities. There is no relationship between the subjective probability judgment and the won opportunities. Finally, a way is found to smooth the crosstable with a logarithm, where again similar probability categories are aggregated to make relationships clearer. In the end, it is clear to see that small volume opportunities tend to have higher success rates than large volume opportunities. Further a model with a deviation of less than 1% is found and a 10% VaR is calculated. It turns out that the model with three sized categories is the favourable, because 10 size categories seem too many and likely create an overfitting effect within the data. The main conclusion is that the company has an issue of very overoptimistic salesmen. We propose not to rely on the “experience” of the salesmen but consider the size of an OI as relevant indicator. Small and medium OIs have higher success probabilities than the average, while large OIs have much smaller ones. Big opportunities are won rather rarely (18%). Maybe the corporation should invest more in their acquirement efforts for big projects.
Influence of Body Mass Index on Mechanical Properties in People With Obesity

Background: The study was to determine influence of body mass index on muscular mechanical properties in people with obesity.Methods: A total of 172 participants (86 males and females, mean age; 26.00±5.45 years) were participated. The participants were assigned in groups base on BMI classification (normal (BMI=18.50-24.99 kg/m2), overweight (BMI=25.00-29.99 kg/m2). The biceps brachii (BB), biceps femoris (BF) were measured bilaterally using the "MyotonPRO" device. Results: Bilateral BB and BF stiffness, and BB elasticity were found significantly difference between normal and overweight group in all participant comprasion (p<0.05). Also the only left BB tone was found different (p<0.05) while other mechanical parameters found similar (p>0.05). In sex based BMI sub-categories; the bilaterally BB and BF stiffness and BF tone were found higher, and only the right BB elasticity was decreased in overweight male group (p<0.05). While the other mechanical parameters were found similar (p<0.05). The right BB stiffness and elasticity were found higher in overweight female group (p<0.05). No statistical difference was found in other parameters for female comparison (p>0.05). A weak positive correlation was found between the right-left BB tone and stiffness and BMI. Also, a weak positive correlation was revealed between the right BB elasticity (p<0.05). No correlation was determined in other mechanical paramaters (p>0.05). Conclusions: The bilateral BB and BF stiffness increased and BB elasticity decreased as BMI increased. The BB and BF mechanical properties were affected more in males than females when BMI considered.
Protective effect of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) against neurotoxicity induced by aluminum chloride in rats

Objective: To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of ashwagandha extract against aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Methods: Rats were divided into control, aluminum-intoxicated rats treated daily with aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) (100 mg/kg, orally) for 30 d and aluminum-intoxicated animals protected by receiving daily ashwagandha extract (200 mg/kg, orally) one hour before AlCl3 administration for 30 d. Levels of lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, reduced glutathione and tumor necrosis factor-α were measured in the cortex, hippocampus and striatum. In addition, the activities of Na+, K+, ATPase and acetylcholinesterase were determined in the three studied brain regions. Results: Aluminum increased the levels of lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide in the cortex, hippocampus and striatum and decreased the reduced glutathione level in the hippocampus and striatum. In rats protected with ashwagandha extract, non significant changes were observed in lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and reduced glutathione. In addition, ashwagandha extracts prevented the increased activity of acetylcholinesterase and Na+, K+, ATPase induced by AlCl3 in the cortex, hippocampus and striatum. The present findings also showed that the significant increase in tumor necrosis factor-α induced by AlCl3 in the cortex and hippocampus was prevented by ashwagandha extract. Conclusions: The present results suggest that ashwagandha extract possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against aluminum neurotoxicity. In addition, ashwagandha extract could prevent the decline in cholinergic activity by maintaining normal acetylcholinesterase activity. The later effect could recommend the use of ashwagandha as a memory enhancer.
Protection of Ecosystem and Preservation of Biodiversity: The Geospatial Technology Approach

he protection of ecosystem and preservation of biodiversity through the approach of geospatial technology was the aim of this research. The channel was monitoring the spatial transformation of the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria between year 2002 and year 2018 using Satellite Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System techniques. Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) plus of year 2002, Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) of year 2014 and year 2018 all of 32m resolution were the satellite images obtained for the study. These images were processed with supervised maximum likelihood classification algorithm using ArcGIS 10.3 software. To validate the classification and ensure high accuracy, an accuracy assessment was performed using training samples from 60 points on each of the satellite imagery on a reference image from google earth combined with ground data collected on actual visitation to the study area to verify the true land-cover type existing on the site. The resultant images deemed fit for analyses were classified into built-up, thick vegetation, light vegetation and bare land, land cover classes. Microsoft Excel spreadsheet was used to perform land cover area calculations through which the land cover dynamics and the spatial expansion were identified. The result showed built-up (13.58%, 14.59%, 20.75%); thick vegetation (33.78%, 26.26%, 12.18%); Light vegetation (24.57%, 32.29%, 30.51%); Bare land (28.08%, 26.26%, 36.56%) for the three years respectively. A special focus was put on the general depletion of the (thick and light) vegetation of which trees are a major actor. These depletion were adduced to the positive transformation of other land cover classes through the underlining landuse. The study concluded that alteration, depletion and consequent disappearance of trees in the green ecosystem is a threat to environment’s sustainability and the protection of ecosystem and preservation of biodiversity. The study recommended the research as a tool to controlling the removal of trees and thick forest, growing more trees and plants among other factors to protect ecosystem and preserve biodiversity.
Reactive nitrogen around the Arabian Peninsula and in the Mediterranean Sea during the 2017 AQABA ship campaign

Abstract. We present shipborne measurements of NOx (≡ NO + NO2) and NOy (≡ NOx+ gas- and particle-phase organic and inorganic oxides of nitrogen) in summer 2017 as part of the expedition “Air Quality and climate change in the Arabian BAsin” (AQABA). The NOx and NOz (≡ NOy-NOx) measurements, made with a thermal dissociation cavity ring-down spectrometer (TD-CRDS), were used to examine the chemical mechanisms involved in the processing of primary NOx emissions and their influence on the NOy budget in chemically distinct marine environments, including the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and the Arabian Gulf, which were influenced to varying extents by emissions from shipping and oil and gas production. Complementing the TD-CRDS measurements, NO and NO2 data sets from a chemiluminescence detector (CLD) were used in the analysis. In all regions, we find that NOx is strongly connected to ship emissions, both via direct emission of NO and via the formation of HONO and its subsequent photolytic conversion to NO. The role of HONO was assessed by calculating the NOx production rate from its photolysis. Mean NO2 lifetimes were 3.9 h in the Mediterranean Sea, 4.0 h in the Arabian Gulf, and 5.0 h in the Red Sea area. The cumulative loss of NO2 during the night (reaction with O3) was more important than daytime losses (reaction with OH) over the Arabian Gulf (by a factor 2.8) and over the Red Sea (factor 2.9), whereas over the Mediterranean Sea, where OH levels were high, daytime losses dominated (factor 2.5). Regional ozone production efficiencies (OPEs; calculated from the correlation between Ox and NOz, where Ox= O3+ NO2) ranged from 10.5 ± 0.9 to 19.1 ± 1.1. This metric quantifies the relative strength of photochemical O3 production from NOx compared to the competing sequestering into NOz species. The largest values were found over the Arabian Gulf, consistent with high levels of O3 found in that region (10–90 percentiles range: 23–108 ppbv). The fractional contribution of individual NOz species to NOy exhibited a large regional variability, with HNO3 generally the dominant component (on average 33 % of NOy) with significant contributions from organic nitrates (11 %) and particulate nitrates in the PM1 size range (8 %).
Successful Treatment of Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Upper Extremity Caused by Vibrio vulnificus: Two case reports and literature review

BackgroundHuman body infection with V. vulnificus, especially for patients with some chronic diseases, can cause severe wound infections, septic shock and necrotizing fasciitis of skin and muscle, which in turn can lead to multiple organ failure. Vibrio vulnificus infection patients are more common in our country coastal areas and military activities, but there have been very rare reports successful treatment and limb salvage patients.Case presentation:A 46-year-old male with no disease history was admitted to our emergency department with a diagnosis of severe fever caused by an accidental stab wound. The results of infection was V. vulnificus. Physical examination revealed that his right upper limb was severely inflamed with ecchymosis and several blisters. We would have an emergency operation on his right forearm incision. A 60-year-old female with a history of gout and rheumatic heart disease was admitted to our emergency department with a diagnosis of severe fever with bacteraemia. The initial diagnosis was severe septic shock and right forearm compartment syndrome. The results of high-throughput sequencing indicated V. vulnificus. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit for treatment after the operation. They recovered without limb salvage. We review the pathogenetic mechanism, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and treatment of this infection.ConclusionsWhen Vibrio vulnificus patients develop bacteraemia and necrotizing fasciitis symptoms,emergency surgical debridement combined with anti-infection therapy should be considered.
Economic Growth Model and Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from Albania

Background: A number of reasons are expressed about the importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries. FDI increases the investment capital in the host country and transferring of new technologies, conducts the distribution and enlarges the economic productivity, improves the level of competitiveness and exports, develops new markets, etc. Objectives: In this research, the main objective is the economic growth (GDP) analysis in Albania affected by FDI flows and the other fundamental macroeconomic factors of growth/productivity. Methods/Approach: The data in this analysis are time series with quarterly frequencies from 1997 to 2018. The econometric model estimation is multifactor regression of the expanded Solow's model. Statistical approach base on logarithm and first-order stationarity. Results: Economic growth is a simultaneous phenomenon of FDI, domestic investment, the scale of economic openness (focusing on exports), the aggregate average salary, and the efficient use of public debt, especially external debt. Conclusions: FDI flows are the main factor in total economic productivity, and have a larger contribution to the gross domestic product than domestic investment, per unit invested capital, in Albania.
Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) improves follicular survival, oocyte and follicular diameters, in a dose-dependent manner, after the in vitro culture of goat preantral follicles enclosed in ovarian tissue fragments

The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of different concentrations of Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) on the survival, activation, levels of ROS, and growth of goat preantral follicles enclosed in ovarian tissue. For this, ovarian fragments were cultured for 7 days in Alpha Minimum Essential Medium (α-MEM) with or without PDGF-BB (0, 25, 50 and 100 ng/ml). The results showed that both the 25 ng/ml PDGF and the 50 ng/ml PDGF treatments maintained the percentage of morphologically normal follicles from day 1 to day 7. In addition, the 25 ng/ml PDGF treatment showed a significantly higher percentage of morphologically normal follicles when compared to the other treatments. At day 7, greater (P < 0.05) follicular and oocyte diameters were observed in the 25 ng/ml PDGF and the 50 ng/ml PDGF treatments when compared to the cultured control treatment. On day 7 of culture, all the treatments tested had a significant increase in the percentage of developing follicles when compared to the non-cultured control. However, the percentage of follicle activation, as well as ROS production, were similar (P < 0.05) among the treatments, irrespective of culture time. In conclusion, PDGF-BB improved, in a concentration-dependent manner, follicular survival as well as oocyte and follicular diameter after in vitro culture of goat preantral follicle-enclosed in ovarian tissue fragments.
Comparisons of Simulation Results between Passive and Active FSI Models for Left Ventricle in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

Background. Patient-specific active Fluid-Structure Interactions (FSI) model is a useful approach to non-invasively investigate the hemodynamics in the heart. However, it takes a lot of effort to obtain the proper external force boundary conditions for active models, which heavily restrained the time-sensitive clinical applications of active computational models. Methods. The simulation results of 12 passive FSI models based on 6 patients’ pre-operative and post-operative CT images were compared with corresponding active models to investigate the differences in hemodynamics and cardiac mechanics between these models. Results. It was found that there was no significant difference in shear stress and pressure difference on mitral valve leaflet (MVL) between passive and active models, but a significant difference was found in wall stress on the inner boundary of left ventricle (Endocardium). It was also found that flow shear stress and pressure difference on the MVL were significantly decreased after successful surgery in both active and passive models.Conclusion. Our results suggested that the passive models may provide good approximated hemodynamic results at 5% RR interval, which is crucial for analyzing the initiation of systolic anterior motion (SAM). Comparing to active models, the passive models decrease the complexity of the modeling construction and the difficulty of convergence significantly. Therefore, with proper boundary conditions and sufficient clinical data, the passive computational model may be a good substitution model for the active model to perform hemodynamic analysis for left ventricle to investigate the mechanisms of the initiation of SAM.
Turning Art into Mere Illustration: Concretizing Art Renders its Influence Context Dependent

Broadly speaking, artworks are accorded a special significance and are recognized as powerful communication tools. In the current research, the authors posit that the “specialness” of artworks may be diminished simply by emphasizing that which is depicted in them. This emphasis results in the artwork being viewed as a mere illustration rather than a work of art. Specifically, the influence of an “artwork as art” is context independent, but the influence of an “artwork as illustration” is context dependent. The authors demonstrate this phenomenon in two experiments, in the context of products associated with artworks. In a third experiment, they further demonstrate that an abstract (concrete) mind-set aligns with the influence of an artwork as art (illustration).
Qualitative and Quantitative Description of Phenols and Flavonoids in the Different Extracts of Oxalis Corniculata Linn

This study is aimed to study the Qualitative and Quantitative content in the plant Oxalis corniculata Linn extracts of ethyl acetate and acetone Oxalis corniculata L plant is rich in antioxidants, edible leaves, sour in taste and is important to the Ayurveda medicine. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content was estimated of the plant in the extracts of ethyl acetate and acetone. The phenolic content was estimated with Folin ciocalteu reagent and Gallic acid as standard. Flavonoid content was estimated by colorimetric method in Rutin with different concentrations. INTRODUCTION Total flavonoid and phenolic content of Oxalis corniculata extracts was observed by using the spectral analysis. The mean and standard deviation was calculated to both the extracts. The observations were recorded in the Tabular form and graphical form. The phenolic content and flavonoid content of both the extracts of ethyl acetate and acetone was calculated. Both the extracts showed the goodness of phenols and flavonoids. Acetone extract showed more goodness of phenols and flavonoids.
Soil Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, and Soil pH, in a Long-Term Continuous Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Experiment

ABSTRACT Continuous use of organic and inorganic fertilizers influences soil physical and chemical properties. Stored samples from the last 24 years of the Magruder Plots were analyzed to document changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and soil pH. Since 1947, the same six treatments have been evaluated. Treatments included the use of cattle manure, inorganic nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and lime (L). Each year, a composite surface soil sample (0–15 cm) was taken in each plot, air-dried at ambient temperature, ground to pass a 2 mm sieve, and stored at room temperature, 25°C. Averaged over 24 years’ the manure plots resulted in the highest SOC and TN. Manure application maintained SOC at 0.92 and adequate soil pH (>6.0). The use of commercial fertilizers lowered soil pH over time but had higher yields compared to the manure plot.