Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Phase Compensation for Scale Factor Nonlinearity Improvement Over Temperature Variations for MEMS Gyroscope

High-performance MEMS gyroscope puts forward the higher request to the scale factor nonlinearity especially in variable-temperature environment. The scale factor nonlinearity over full temperature range rarely studies. In this paper, we focuses on the scale factor nonlinearity over full temperature range. The variations of the scale factor nonlinearity as the temperature were tested based on the MEMS butterfly gyroscope. The experimental results showed the U-shape curve of the output rate error so that the scale factor nonlinearity got large. The theoretical model of the scale factor was built and the phase error was found to be responsible for the U-shape error curve. Meanwhile, the phase error was identified to be variable over full temperature range experimentally, which meant it was critical to compensate the phase error in real time for improving the scale factor nonlinearity over full temperature range. A novel close-loop phase compensation system was designed by introducing a disturbance signal and experiments showed phase error was compensated in real time. After real-time phase compensation, the U-shape curve of the output rate error was eliminated and the scale factor nonlinearity decreased by about 10 times from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$212.5ppm$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$19.5ppm$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at the temperature ranged from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$- 40^{\circ }C$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$80^{\circ }C$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which reached an excellent level for the rate MEMS gyroscopes. [2023-0006]
A class of numerical methods for autonomous initial value problems

In this paper we introduce a class of explicit numerical methods for approximating the solutions of scalar initial value problems for first order differential equations, using a nonlinear interpolation formula. We show that the methods generated in this way can be identified as explicit Runge-Kutta methods and we analyze some particular cases. Finally, numerical examples are provided.
A Numerical Investigation of the Organization and Interaction of the Convective and Stratiform Regions of Tropical Squall Lines

Abstract A set of 13 two-dimensional numerical simulations based on the 22 and 23 June Soundings from the ConvectionProfonde Tropicale in 1981 (COPT81) experiment in West Africa is used to study the organization and interactionof the convective and stratiform regions of squall-line-type convective systems. The initial wind profiles arecharacterized by the African easterly jet (AEJ) and the tropical easterly jet (TEJ) located at about 3.5 km and14 km, respectively. The physical processes that generate and maintain the mesoscale inflow at the rear of squall-line-type mesoscaleconvective systems are thereby examined. Horizontal potential temperature gradients generated by a combinationof latent heat release in the convective region and unsaturated mesoscale descent, both modulated by evaporation,cause a horizontal pressure gradient and generate horizontal, line-parallel vorticity. The rear inflow is a consequenceof these processes. The convective activity induces a significant upscale influence; ahead of the.
Prediction of Highly Imbalanced Semiconductor Chip-Level Defects in Module Tests Using Multimodal Fusion and Logit Adjustment

The memory module is a semiconductor product fabricated by mounting several memory chips on a printed circuit board. In the module test, which is the final step in the memory module manufacturing process, the memory module is tested if it properly functions in the end-user system environment. Then, the chips in the memory module are individually checked for defects to guarantee that the quality matches consumers’ expectations. In this study, we propose a framework to predict which chips are defective in module tests using wafer and package test data. However, several challenges must be overcome. First, two different data modalities (i.e., tabular and image data) exist, which influence defect prediction differently for different chips. Second, the module test results are highly imbalanced, with a very low defect rate. To address these challenges, we use a multimodal fusion model that integrates the two different modalities by dynamically evaluating the informativeness of each modality. In addition, we adopt a technique to modify the loss function to be Fisher consistent to minimize the balanced error rate. We demonstrate that the proposed framework can effectively predict chip-level defects in module tests using a real dataset collected from a global semiconductor manufacturing company.
Millennium Microscopy?: Principles and Techniques of Electron Microscopy – Biological Applications (4th edn)

In the past two years, three books have appeared on biological electron microscopy. The 2nd edition of the text by Glauert and Lewis appeared in 1998, the 2nd edition of the book by Bozzola and Russell appeared a year later and now, in the new millennium, we have the 4th edition of the book by Hayat. How well does this latest text measure up to the recently published texts and, indeed, to the many texts written and edited by Hayat over the past 25 years? The simple answer is that this latest book is an improvement over earlier editions.
EVENT-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE SYSTEM FOR COLLECTING AND PROCESSING BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

Today, one of the most important indicators of the level of international activity of a scientific institution is the number and quality of scientific publications placed in the most prestigious international bibliographic databases. The collection and processing of such information requires significant time and resources, given their size and daily replenishment, the variety of storage formats and access to information repositories. Therefore, such a task of collecting, processing, consolidating and analyzing bibliographic information and assessing the level of international activity of researchers of state scientific organizations and teachers of higher educational institutions is a task of processing big data and requires special approaches in the construction of specialized software systems for its solution. The article considers the construction of the structure of the software system and the main elements of the event-oriented microservice architecture of the system of collecting and analyzing information from bibliographic sources. The basis for the implementation was the microservice architecture with the distribution of services according to the functional purpose. The proposed structure of the system makes it possible to adaptively change the selection of information sources based on the evaluation of the effectiveness of obtaining relevant information from relevant sources, in accordance with the events that occur during the collection of information. The choice of directions for data collection and processing is based on the use of typical scenarios, which allows to significantly increase the efficiency of the analyst's work. The event-oriented microservice architecture of the system makes it possible to adapt the operation of the system to the loads on individual microservices by analyzing the created relevant events. The developed system provides an opportunity to collect information about the international activities of individual people or institutions from sources that are heterogeneous in terms of storage form and composition. The composition of information sources in this system can be expanded without interfering with the work of other system components. Each individual processor of information from the sources can provide only partial data, which is supplemented at the expense of others. The system adapts to the user's request in such a way that data is taken only from those sources that meet the request's requirements and can satisfy them. The developed approach is built on the basics of event-oriented microservice architecture and can be used in the development of various information and analytical systems.
Cálculo y diseño estructural de un sistema de suspensión de un Fórmula SAE

The present document shows the structural design of the suspension systems of a race car of Formula Student competition (ART-15 and ART-16), as well as the local analysis of a tubular element of the structure made of carbon-epoxy composite material. The structural calculation of suspension systems begins by developing a matrix calculation model in Matlab that will allow the design of the structural components of the ART-15 suspension. Next, a non-linear finite element model with more complexity will be carried out to calculate the structure of the suspension systems of the ART-16. The biggest internal forces, as well as the most critical structural component, will be used to locally analyze a composite tube under different load cases represented by these biggest internal forces. The aim of local analysis of the composite shaft is to compare the results of two possible numerical models that can be considered according to the manufacturing process for these tubular structures , fillament-winding. One of the models allows to simulate the layer-pattern that is generated during the manufacturing process (Cell Model), whereas the other model only represents unidirectional homogeneous layers (Layer Model). The objective is to draw conclusions about which of the two models allows to simulate more accurately the mechanical behavior of a tube as component of a suspension system of a Formula Student race car. An analytical model is also developed, using the classical laminate theory, to obtain reliable results when comparing the results of numerical models.
Nonstandard finite‐difference scheme to approximate the generalized Burgers‐Fisher equation

In this paper, numerical solution of the generalized Burgers‐Fisher (BF) equation is presented on the basis of the nonstandard finite‐difference (NSFD) scheme. At first, two exact finite‐difference schemes for the BF equation are obtained. Afterwards, an NSFD scheme is presented for this equation. The positivity, consistency, and boundedness of the scheme are discussed. The numerical results obtained by the NSFD scheme is compared with the exact solution and some available methods to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the NSFD scheme.
Evolutionary Photonics for Renewable Energy, Nanomedicine, and Advanced Material Engineering

Taking inspiration from complex natural phenomena such as chaos and unpredictability, as well as highly optimized organisms constituted by multitudes of interacting cells, evolutionary photonics aims at developing new sustainable technologies for renewable energy production, bioimaging, and scalable materials with advanced optical functionalities. These photonics systems integrate complex dielectric and/or metallic units into large networks of heterogeneous elements, which are entirely controlled by acting on the interactions among the different units that compose the network. This Review presents a selection of recent results in this research field, discussing advantages, challenges and perspectives of this technology in addressing global challenges in several scientific areas, ranging from broadband light energy harvesting, to scalable clean water production, early‐stage cancer detection, sensing, artificial intelligence, invisible structures, and to large‐scale optical materials with programmable functionality and robust structural coloration.
A Modified Algorithms for New Krasnoselskii's Type for Strongly Monotone and Lipschitz Mappings

Let E be a 2 uniformly smooth and convex real Banach space and let a mapping A: E → E∗ be lipschitz and strongly monotone such that A−1(0)≠∅. For an arbitrary ({x1}, {y1})∈E, we define the sequences {xn} and {yn} byyn = xn − θnJ−1(Axn), n≥1xn+1 = yn − λnJ−1(Ayn), n≥1where λn and θn are positive real number and J is the duality mapping of E. Letting (λn, θn)∈(0, 1), then xn and yn converges strongly to ρ∗, a unique solution of the equation Ax = 0. We also applied our algorithm in convex minimization and also proved the convergence of it in Lp, lp or Wm,p. At the end we proposed the algorithm of it in Lp(Ω) and its inverse Lq(Ω).
Short-timescale γ-Ray Variability in CTA 102

The flat-spectrum radio quasar CTA 102 experienced a prolonged state of enhanced activity across the entire observed electromagnetic spectrum during 2016–2017, most pronounced during a major outburst between 2016 December and 2017 May. Fermi-LAT observed a flux of (2.2 ± 0.2) × 10−5 photons cm−2 s−1 at energies above 100 MeV on 2017 April 19 during a single orbit. We report here the detection of significant (4.7σ) flux variations down to timescales of ∼5 minutes during this orbit. The measured variability timescale is much shorter than the light-travel time across the central black hole (∼70 minutes) indicating a very compact emission region within the jet, similar to that seen in IC 310, Mrk 501, or PKS 1222+21 from MAGIC observations. This short-timescale variability is unexpected since the γ-ray spectrum shows no sign of attenuation due to pair creation in interactions with photons from the broad emission line region, and therefore must be assumed to originate far from the black hole. The observed fast variability could either indicate the dissipation of magnetic islands or protons in a collimated beam from the base of the jet encountering the turbulent plasma at the end of the magnetic nozzle.
A COMPARISON BETWEEN SWARM INTELLIGENCE ALGORITHMS FOR ROUTING PROBLEMS

Travelling salesman problem (TSP) is a most popular combinatorial routing problem, belongs to the class of NP-hard problems. Many approacheshave been proposed for TSP.Among them, swarm intelligence (SI) algorithms can effectively achieve optimal tours with the minimum lengths and attempt to avoid trapping in local minima points. The transcendence of each SI is depended on the nature of the problem. In our studies, there has been yet no any article, which had compared the performance of SI algorithms for TSP perfectly. In this paper,four common SI algorithms are used to solve TSP, in order to compare the performance of SI algorithms for the TSP problem. These algorithms include genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, ant colony optimization, and artificial bee colony. For each SI, the various parameters and operators were tested, and the best values were selected for it. Experiments oversome benchmarks fromTSPLIBshow that artificial bee colony algorithm is the best one among the fourSI-basedmethods to solverouting problems like TSP.
Micro mirrors based coupling of light to multi-core fiber realizing in-fiber photonic neural network processor

Hardware implementation of artificial neural networks facilitates real-time parallel processing of massive data sets. Optical neural networks offer low-volume 3D connectivity together with large bandwidth and minimal heat production in contrast to electronic implementation. Here, we present a DMD based approaches to realize energetically efficient light coupling into a multi-core fiber realizing a unique design for in-fiber optical neural networks. Neurons and synapses are realized as individual cores in a multi-core fiber. Optical signals are transferred transversely between cores by means of optical coupling. Pump driven amplification in Erbium-doped cores mimics synaptic interactions. In order to dynamically and efficiently couple light into the multi-core fiber a DMD based micro mirror device is used to perform proper beam shaping operation. The beam shaping reshapes the light into a large set of points in space matching the positions of the required cores in the entrance plane to the multi-core fiber.
Effect of the characteristics of beam polarization on performance of 90 degree optical hybrid

90 degree optical hybrid is the key part of space coherent optical communication and the high efficient mixing technology is an effective means to achieve great detect sensitivity. Most of optical components in optical hybrid are sensitive to polarization state, therefore, the polarization state of incident light will affect the function of hybrid. Through an theoretical analysis and simulation of the performance of hybrid whose incident light is linearly or elliptically polarized light, the result shows that the heterodyne efficiency of hybrid reaches its maximum when incident light is 45°linearly, and the change of polarization orientation can decrease the optical power entering I branch, making the heterodyne efficiency declines. Degree of polarization will increase phase difference of both branch which is orthometric in hybrid, causing the process of phase locking more difficult. Moreover, the effect of deviation of directivity of wave plate on hybrid performance is studied, for 1/4 wave plate, its deviation will change the power allegation and phase error of IandQ branch, but for 1/2 wave plate, phase error cannot be brought in, but it will change the direct current(DC) component of branch. The above polarization state changes will not bring additional phase error in I branch, ensuring the normal functioning of hybrid. This study gives a theoretical foundation to the design of space optical hybrid.
Ultrahigh thermal conductivity of isotopically enriched silicon

Most of the stable elements have two and more stable isotopes. The physical properties of materials composed of such elements depend on the isotopic abundance to some extent. A remarkably strong isotope effect is observed in the phonon thermal conductivity, the principal mechanism of heat conduction in nonmetallic crystals. An isotopic disorder due to random distribution of the isotopes in the crystal lattice sites results in a rather strong phonon scattering and, consequently, in a reduction of thermal conductivity. In this paper, we present new results of accurate and precise measurements of thermal conductivity κ(T) for silicon single crystals having three different isotopic compositions at temperatures T from 2.4 to 420 K. The highly enriched crystal containing 99.995% of 28Si, which is one of the most perfect crystals ever synthesized, demonstrates a thermal conductivity of about 450 ± 10 W cm−1 K–1 at 24 K, the highest measured value among bulk dielectrics, which is ten times greater than the one fo.
Optimization of Independent Variables for the Production of Extracellular Alpha Amylase by Bacillus subtilis IMD34 Using Plackett-Burman Design

Bacillus species are widely used for thermostable α-amylase production for various applications such as in the detergent and food industries. This research aimed to study the production of α-amylase by B. subtilis IMD34 in submerged fermentation conditions using Plackett-Burman (PB) design, along with the optimization of certain environmental factors for optimal growth of amylolytic bacteria. Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the effect of ten independent variables on α-amylase production. Maximum enzyme activity was recorded in a medium containing (g/l); starch (6.0), peptone (12.0), K2HPO4 (1.0), Na2HPO4 (2.0), NaCl (0.6), Na2SO4 (0.1), MgSO4.7H20 (1.0), FeCl3.6H2O (0.02), CaCl2.2H2O (0.02) and with an agitation speed (200 rpm). From the pareto chart it was observed that the most important independent variables for amylase production were starch, peptone, NaCl, Mg2SO4, CaCl2.2H2O and agitation. Optimization of environmental parameters to assess their effect on the growth of bacteria showed that optimal pH, incubation time and temperature were recorded at 6, 48h and 37˚C. Evaluating independent variables statistically using PB design revealed that some of the medium’s components had a positive impact on α-amylase production by B. subtilis IMD34.
Real-time monocular depth mapping system using variance of focal plane and pixel focus measure

Vision is one of the most powerful senses available to creatures. Undoubtedly, many of the fundamental operations of humans, such as the ability to plan paths, avoid obstacles, and recognize objects, depend heavily on their visual perception of the world around them. Although humans have naturally evolved to efficiently use their stereo optical prowess to develop an understanding of their environment, artificial machines and systems in comparison have just begun to utilize computer vision to create awareness of local physical entities. One of the most important sensory skills creatures have is depth perception, which allows them to estimate the relative distance of objects in their vision from many visual cues. Many systems have been developed to aid machines in perceiving the depth map of their environment, and each system has its drawbacks and benefits. In this paper, we introduce the design and implementation of a new system which provides a depth map from the use of a single optical camera with focal plane variation in the images taken. The paper focuses on the methods used to scale the depth from focus algorithm to perform in real-time. The results also showcase a real-time depth mapping system capable of providing rich depth maps of scenes at a high framerate and with advanced noise filtration techniques.
Analyzing the Education Gap Between Rural and Urban Environments in China

Three major issues that widened the Education Gap in rural and urban environments in China are, 1) the lack of financial support in governmental funding, 2) the lack of qualified teachers in rural education systems, and 3) barriers in education after the National Curriculum Reform towards suzhi jiaoyu, human quality education. This paper provided details on the influences of educational investments and funding on reported rural school dropout rates, misconceptions about rural students ability and competence swayed by negative stereotypes, neglected rural students feelings and issues in rural ideology and values as burdens on rural students, and the mismatch in curriculum with examination as an assessment tool in the current education system. Along with current educational efforts at the core to increase literacy rates, quality of population, and promote human modernization, suggestions were offered on how society, government, and the field of education can take positive actions that have profound impacts on rural students life, such as to increase educational investments toward rural education in the maintenance of school functioning, hiring qualified teachers as well as raise their wages, and effective use of the internet as the access to high-quality courses to prepare rural students for future assessments. Doing so would help them attain quality education, have better academic, health, and life outcomes, and contribute to society.
Symptom variation and disease severity of Sweet potato leaf curl virus on sweet potato in Gianyar

Sweet potato production fluctuates every year, one of the factors causing the decline in production is the presence of pests and diseases. Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) has been reported to infect sweet potatoes in Indonesia in 2022. Until now, there is no information regarding the variation in symptoms and severity of SPLCV disease in sweet potatoes. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the variation in symptoms and severity of SPLCV disease in Gianyar, Bali. The research was carried out directly in the field with observational parameters such as symptoms variation, incidence and disease severity. Observations were made every week when the plants were 63 to 91 days after planting (DAP). The results showed that SPLCV causes a variety of symptoms in the form of mild vein clearing, severe vein clearing, upward vein clearing, and downward vein clearing. The incidence and severity of the disease has increased every week. The incidence and severity of the disease were highest when the plants were 91 DAP, namely 73.33% and 40%, respectively. The high incidence and severity of the disease in the field is due to the use of stem cuttings from previous plants which may have been infected with SPLCV and whitefly vectors are always found in the field.