Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of the sound pollution of aircraft using the northern cyprus ercan airport in the settlements in the descent and climbing routes

Although the effects of noise and noise pollution on the people living in the settlements located in these areas on the people living in these areas are of great importance, it affects their mental and psychological conditions negatively, and this situation creates a domino effect and causes greater health problems. As a result of the technological developments that took place in the second half of this century, although the sound and noise levels caused by the aircraft decreased, the measurements made show that this is not at a sufficient level. In this context, the aim of the study is to determine the effects of the noise and noise pollution caused by the existing settlements in the Ercan Airport region during the descent, take-off, or landing and take-off of the aircraft and the measures to be taken. In the study, due to the lack of publications on the subject and the coronavirus pandemic all over the world, it was tried to come to a conclusion by using ready data and combining these data with Google earth and flyradar24 programs.
Collective modes in the loop-current-ordered phase of cuprates

Recently two branches of weakly dispersive collective modes have been discovered in under-doped cuprates by inelastic neutron scattering. Polarization analysis reveals that the modes are magnetic excitations. They are only visible for temperatures below the transition temperature to a broken symmetry phase which was discovered earlier and their intensity increases as temperature is further decreased. The broken symmetry phase itself has symmetries consistent with ordering of orbital current loops within a unit-cell without breaking translational symmetry. In order to calculate the collective modes of such a state we add quantum terms to the Ashkin-Teller (AT) model with which the classical loop current order has been described. We derive that the mean field ground state of the quantum model is a product over all unit-cells of linear combination of the four possible classical configurations of the loop current order in each unit-cell. The collective modes are calculated by using a generalized Holstein-Primakoff boson representation of orbital moment operators and lead to three branches of gapped weakly dispersive collective modes. The experimental results are consistent with the two lower energy branches; the third mode is at a higher energy than looked for by present neutron scattering experiments and might also be over-damped. Implications of the discovery of the collective modes are discussed.
Fault Detection, Isolation and Service Restoration in Modern Power Distribution Systems: A Review

This study examines the conceptual features of Fault Detection, Isolation, and Restoration (FDIR) following an outage in an electric distribution system.This paper starts with a discussion of the premise for distribution automation, including its features and the different challenges associated with its implementation in a smart grid paradigm. Then, this article explores various concepts, control schemes, and approaches related to FDIR. Service restoration is one of the main strategies for such distribution automation, through which the healthy section of the power distribution network is re-energized by changing the topology of the network. In a smart grid paradigm, the presence of intelligent electronic devices can facilitate the automatic implementation of the service restoration scheme. The concepts of service restoration and various approaches are thoroughly presented in this article. A comparison is made among various significant approaches reported for distribution automation. The outcome of our literature survey and scope for future research concludes this review.
The cosmological constant and Hořava-Lifshitz gravity

Hořava-Lifshitz theory of gravity with detailed balance is plagued by the presence of a negative bare (or geometrical) cosmological constant which makes its cosmology clash with observations. We argue that adding the effects of the large vacuum energy of quantum matter fields, this bare cosmological constant can be approximately compensated to account for the small observed (total) cosmological constant ΛOBS, thus resulting in a self-contained model of gravity and particle physics. Even though we cannot address the fine-tuning problem in this way, we are able to establish a relation between the smallness of ΛOBS and the scale lUV at which dimension 4 corrections to the Einstein gravity become significant for cosmology. This scale turns out to be lUV 5 lP for ΛOBS 0 and we therefore argue that the smallness of ΛOBS guarantees that Lorentz invariance is broken only at very small scales. We are also able to provide a first rough estimation for the values of the parameters of the theory μ and ΛW.
Cloud Nowcasting with Structure-Preserving Convolutional Gated Recurrent Units

Nowcasting of clouds is a challenging spatiotemporal task due to the dynamic nature of the atmosphere. In this study, the use of convolutional gated recurrent unit networks (ConvGRUs) to produce short-term cloudiness forecasts for the next 3 h over Europe is proposed, along with an optimisation criterion able to preserve image structure across the predicted sequences. This approach is compared against state-of-the-art optical flow algorithms using over two and a half years of observations from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) instrument onboard the Meteosat Second Generation satellite. We show that the ConvGRU trained using our structure-preserving loss function significantly outperforms the optical flow algorithms with an average change in R2, mean absolute error and structural similarity of 12.43%, −8.75% and 9.68%, respectively, across all time steps. We also confirm that merging multiple optical flow algorithms into an ensemble yields significant short-term performance increases (<1 h), and that nowcast skill can vary significantly across different European regions. Furthermore, our results show that blurry images resulting from using globally oriented loss functions can be avoided by optimising for structural similarity when producing nowcasts. We thus showcase that deep-learning-based models using locally oriented loss functions present a powerful new way to produce accurate cloud nowcasts, with important applications to be found in solar power forecasting.
Scientific prospects in soft gamma-ray astronomy enabled by the LAUE project

This paper summarizes the development of a successful project, LAUE, supported by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and devoted to the development of long foca length (up to 100—m) Laue lenses for hard X–/soft gamma– ray astronomy (80-600 keV). The apparatus is ready and the assembling of a prototype lens petal is ongoing. The great achievement of this project is the use of bent crystals. From measurements obtained on single crystals and from simulations, we have estimated the expected Point Spread Function and thus the sensitivity of a lens made of petals. The expected sensitivity is a few ×10−8 photons cm−2 s−1 keV−1). We discuss a number of open astrophysical questions that can settled with such an instrument aboard a free-flying satellite.
BBGKY kinetic approach for an e − e + plasma created from the vacuum in a strong laser-generated electric field: The one-photon annihilation channel

In the present work a closed system of kinetic equations is obtained from the truncation of the BBGKY hierarchy for the description of the vacuum creation of an electron - positron plasma and secondary photons due to a strong laser field. This truncation is performed in the Markovian approximation for the one-photon annihilation channel which is accessible due to the presence of the strong external field. Estimates of the photon production rate are obtained for different domains of
Composition of early planetary atmospheres – I. Connecting disc astrochemistry to the formation of planetary atmospheres

We present a model of the early chemical composition and elemental abundances of planetary atmospheres based on the cumulative gaseous chemical species that are accreted onto planets forming by core accretion from evolving protoplanetary disks. The astrochemistry of the host disk is computed using an ionization driven, non-equilibrium chemistry network within viscously evolving disk models. We accrete gas giant planets whose orbital evolution is controlled by planet traps using the standard core accretion model and track the chemical composition of the material that is accreted onto the protoplanet. We choose a fiducial disk model and evolve planets in 3 traps - water ice line, dead zone and heat transition. For a disk with a lifetime of 4.1 Myr we produce two Hot Jupiters (M = 1.43, 2.67 M$_{\rm Jupiter}$, r = 0.15, 0.11 AU) in the heat transition and ice line trap and one failed core (M = 0.003 M$_{\rm Jupiter}$, r =3.7 AU) in the dead zone. These planets are found with mixing ratios for CO and H$_2$O of $1.99\times 10^{-4}$, $5.0\times 10^{-4}$ respectively for both Hot Jupiters. Additionally for these planets we find CO$_2$ and CH$_4$, with mixing ratios of $1.8\times 10^{-6}\rightarrow 9.8\times 10^{-10}$ and $1.1\times 10^{-8}\rightarrow 2.3\times 10^{-10}$ respectively. These ranges correspond well with the mixing ratio ranges that have been inferred through the detection of emission spectra from Hot Jupiters by multiple authors. We compute a carbon-to-oxygen ratio of 0.227 for the ice line planet and 0.279 for the heat transition planet. These planets accreted their gas inside the ice line, hence the sub-solar C/O.
Cavity cooling to the ground state of an ensemble quantum system

We describe a method for initializing an ensemble of qubits in a pure ground state by applying collective cavity cooling techniques in the presence of local dephasing noise on each qubit. To solve the dynamics of the ensemble system we introduce a method for dissipative perturbation theory that applies average Hamiltonian theory in an imaginary-time dissipative interaction frame to find an average effective dissipator for the system dynamics. We use SU(4) algebra generators to analytically solve the first order perturbation for an arbitrary number of qubits in the ensemble. We find that to first order the effective dissipator describes local $T_1$ thermal relaxation to the ground state of each qubit in the ensemble at a rate equal to the collective cavity cooling dissipation rate. The proposed technique should permit the parallel initialization of high purity states in large ensemble quantum systems based on solid-state spins.
The 2-matrix model, biorthogonal polynomials, Riemann-Hilbert problem, and algebraic geometry

This preprint is the introduction of my habilitation thesis for Paris7 university. It is a sumary of a collection of works on the 2 matrix model. In an introduction, 3 different and unequivalent definitions of matrix models are given (convergent model, model with fixed filling fractions on contours, and formal model). Then, a sumary of properties of differential systems satisfied by biorthogonal polynomials, in particular spectral duality and Riemann-Hilbert problem. Then, a section on loop equations and algebraic geometry formulation of the large N expansion. Then, a conjecture for the asymptotics of biorthogonal polynomials.
Liver toxicity and geospatial analysis as integrated indices of water quality deterioration in Idku Lake, Egypt

1. Zoology Department, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. 2. Zoology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. 3. Marine Science Department, National Authority for Remote Sensing & Space Sciences, Cairo, Egypt. 4. Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt. * Corresponding Author: Aml.mohamed@azhar.edu. eg _____________________________________________________________________________
Cohomological framework for contextual quantum computations

We describe a cohomological framework for measurement-based quantum computation in which symmetry plays a central role. Therein, the essential information about the computation is contained in either of two topological invariants, namely two cohomology groups. One of them applies only to deterministic quantum computations, and the other to general probabilistic ones. Those invariants characterize the computational output, and at the same time witness quantumness in the form of contextuality. In result, they give rise to fundamental algebraic structures underlying quantum computation.
Forecasting sensitivity on tilt of power spectrum of primordial gravitational waves after Planck satellite

By taking into account the contamination of foreground radiations, we employ the Fisher matrix to forecast the future sensitivity on the tilt of power spectrum of primordial tensor perturbations for several ground-based (AdvACT, CLASS, Keck/BICEP3, Simons Array, SPT-3G), balloon-borne (EBEX, Spider) and satellite (CMBPol, COrE, LiteBIRD) experiments of B-mode polarizations. For the fiducial model nt=0, our results show that the satellite experiments give good sensitivity on the tensor tilt nt to the level σnt≲0.1 for r≳2×10−3, while the ground-based and balloon-borne experiments give worse sensitivity. By considering the BICEP2/Keck Array and Planck (BKP) constraint on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r, we see that it is impossible for these experiments to test the consistency relation nt=−r/8 in the canonical single-field slow-roll inflation models.
GRAVITATION AND VACUUM ENTANGLEMENT ENTROPY

The vacuum of quantum fields contains correlated fluctuations. When restricted to one side of a surface these have a huge entropy of entanglement that scales with the surface area. If UV physics renders this entropy finite, then a thermodynamic argument implies the existence of gravity. That is, the causal structure of spacetime must be dynamical and governed by the Einstein equation with Newton's constant inversely proportional to the entropy density. Conversely, the existence of gravity makes the entanglement entropy finite. This thermodynamic reasoning is powerful despite the lack of a detailed description of the dynamics at the cutoff scale, but it has its limitations. In particular, we should not expect to understand corrections to Einstein gravity in this way.
Empirical H/V spectral ratios at the InSight landing site and implications for the martian subsurface structure

The H/V spectral ratio inversion is a traditional technique for deriving the local subsurface structure on Earth. We calculated the H/V from the ambient vibrations at different wind levels at the InSight landing site, on Mars, and also computed the H/V from the S-wave coda of the martian seismic events (marsquakes). Different H/V curves were obtained for different wind periods and from the marsquakes. From the ambient vibrations, the recordings during low-wind periods are close to the instrument self-noise level. During high-wind periods, the seismic recordings are highly contaminated by the interaction of the lander with the wind and the martian ground. Therefore, these recordings are less favorable for traditional H/V analysis. Instead, the recordings of the S-wave coda of marsquakes were preferred to derive the characteristic H/V curve of this site between 0.4 and 10 Hz. The final H/V curve presents a characteristic trough at 2.4 Hz and a strong peak at 8 Hz. Using a full diffuse wavefield approach as the forward computation and the Neighbourhood Algorithm as the sampling technique, we invert for the 1D shear-wave velocity structure at the InSight landing site. Based on our inversion results, we propose a strong site effect at the InSight site to be due to the presence of a shallow high-velocity layer (SHVL) over low-velocity units. The SHVL is likely placed below a layer of coarse blocky ejecta and can be associated with Early Amazonian basaltic lava flows. The units below the SHVL have lower velocities, possibly related to a Late Hesperian or Early Amazonian epoch with a different magmatic regime and/or a greater impact rate and more extensive weathering. An extremely weak buried low velocity layer (bLVL) between these lava flows explains the data around the 2.4 Hz trough, whereas a more competent bLVL would not generate this latter feature. These subsurface models are in good agreement with results from hammering experiment and compliance measurements at the InSight landing site. Finally, this site effect is revealed only by seismic events data and explains the larger horizontal than vertical ground-motion recorded for certain type of marsquakes.
Targeting Triple Negative Breast Cancer Stem Cells by Heat Shock Protein 70 Inhibitors

Simple Summary Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been a leading cause of cancer deaths among women and limited treatment options are currently available. Consequently, developing the promising therapy for TNBC remains an unmet medical need. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Hsp70 inhibitors on breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) in TNBC cells. The present study demonstrated the potent in vitro and in vivo anti-BCSCs activity of two Hsp70 inhibitors, compound 1 and 6, in TNBC cells. Our findings suggest that targeting Hsp70 could be an attractive strategy for eliminating BCSCs populations in TNBC. Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered the most aggressive breast cancer with high relapse rates and poor prognosis. Although great advances in the development of cancer therapy have been witnessed over the past decade, the treatment options for TNBC remain limited. In this study, we investigated the effect and potential underlying mechanism of the Hsp70 inhibitors, compound 1 and compound 6, on breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) in TNBC cells. Our results showed that compound 1 and 6 exhibited potent tumor suppressive effects on cell viability and proliferation, and effectively inhibited BCSC expansion in TNBC cells. Reminiscent with the effect of Hsp70 inhibitors, Hsp70 knockdown effectively suppressed mammosphere formation and the expressions of BCSCs surface markers. Mechanistically, evidence showed that the Hsp70 inhibitors inhibited BCSCs by down-regulating β-catenin in TNBC cells. Moreover, we used the Hsp70 inhibitors treated TNBC cells and a stable Hsp70 knockdown clone of MDA-MB-231 cells to demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of Hsp70 inhibition in suppressing tumorigenesis and xenograft tumor growth. Together, these findings suggest the potential role of Hsp70 as a target for TNBC therapy and foster new therapeutic strategies to eliminate BCSCs by targeting Hsp70.
Dynamical instability of holographic QCD at finite density

In this paper we study the dynamical instability of Sakai-Sugimoto's holographic QCD model at finite baryon density. In this model, the baryon density, represented by the smeared instanton on the world volume of the probe D8-D8 mesonic brane, sources the world-volume electric field, and through the Chern-Simons term it will induce the instability to form a chiral helical wave at sufficient high density. Our results show that this kind of instability occurs for sufficiently high baryon number densities. The phase diagram of holographic QCD will thus be changed from the one which is based only on thermodynamics.
Toward In Vivo MRI of the Tissue Proton Exchange Rate in Humans

Quantification of proton exchange rate (kex) is a challenge in MR studies. Current techniques either have low resolutions or are dependent on the estimation of parameters that are not measurable. The Omega plot method, on the other hand, provides a direct way for determining kex independent of the agent concentration. However, it cannot be used for in vivo studies without some modification due to the contributions from the water signal. In vivo tissue proton exchange rate (kex) MRI, based on the direct saturation (DS) removed Omega plot, quantifies the weighted average of kex of the endogenous tissue metabolites. This technique has been successfully employed for imaging the variation in the kex of ex vivo phantoms, as well as in vivo human brains in healthy subjects, and stroke or multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. In this paper, we present a brief review of the methods used for kex imaging with a focus on the development of in vivo kex MRI technique based on the DS-removed Omega plot. We then review the recent clinical studies utilizing this technique for better characterizing brain lesions. We also outline technical challenges for the presented technique and discuss its prospects for detecting tissue microenvironmental changes under oxidative stress.
Bethe ansatz and ordinary differential equation correspondence for degenerate Gaudin models

In this work, we generalize the numerical approach to Gaudin models developed earlier by us to degenerate systems showing that their treatment is surprisingly convenient from a numerical point of view. In fact, high degeneracies not only reduce the number of relevant states in the Hilbert space by a non negligible fraction, they also allow to write the relevant equations in the form of sparse matrix equations. Moreover, we introduce a new inversion method based on a basis of barycentric polynomials which leads to a more stable and efficient root extraction which most importantly avoids the necessity of working with arbitrary precision. As an example we show the results of our procedure applied to the Richardson model on a square lattice.
The numerical approach to quantum field theory in a non-commutative space

Numerical simulation is an important non-perturbative tool to study quantum field theories defined in non-commutative spaces. In this contribution, a selection of results from Monte Carlo calculations for non-commutative models is presented, and their implications are reviewed. In addition, we also discuss how related numerical techniques have been recently applied in computer simulations of dimensionally reduced supersymmetric theories.
Motion of pole-dipole and quadrupole particles in nonminimally coupled theories of gravity

We study theories of gravity with nonminimal coupling between polarized media with pole-dipole and quadrupole moments and an arbitrary function of the space-time curvature scalar R and the squares of the Ricci and Riemann curvature tensors. We obtain the general form of the equation of motion and show that an induced quadrupole moment emerges as a result of the curvature tensor dependence of the function coupled to the matter. We derive the explicit forms of the equations of motion in the particular cases of coupling to a function of the curvature scalar alone, coupling to an arbitrary function of the square of the Riemann curvature tensor, and coupling to an arbitrary function of the Gauss-Bonnet invariant. We show that in these cases the extra force resulting from the nonminimal coupling can be expressed in terms of the induced moments.
In vivo and in vitro assays using biosynthesized silver nanoparticles on Aeromonas hydrophila-infected Clarias gariepinus

ABSTRACT The biosynthesis of nanoparticles using silver (Ag+) and plant extracts such as Myrmecodia sp. has high potential as an antibacterial agent. Present research aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo antibacterial assays of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against Aeromonas hydrophila. The results showed that 40% AgNPs provided the optimum inhibition index (7.7 ± 0.45 g mm). Meanwhile, Aeromonas hydrophila infected-fish without an AgNPs injection showed significantly reduced of erythrocytes (20.89 ± 0.03 × 106 µL−1), hemoglobin (1.20 ± 0.10 g dL−1), and neutrophils, while the levels of leukocytes (11.73 ± 0.09 × 103 µL−1), platelets (29.67 ± 2.91 × 103 µL−1) and lymphocytes were found to be significantly increased. Additionally, the infected-fish that were injected with either AgNPs or Myrmecodia sp. extract showed an improved survival rate compared to the control group. The biogenerated-AgNPs demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity, either in vitro or in vivo, and beneficial for use in fish cultivation.