Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chapter 8: Fire and nonnative invasive plants in the Interior West bioregion

The Interior West bioregion is bounded on the east by the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains from Canada south to Mexico and on the west by the eastern foothills of the Cascade Range in Washington and Oregon and the eastern foothills of the Sierra Nevada in California. The bioregion includes the Chihuahuan, Sonoran, and Mojave hot deserts and the Great Basin cold desert, as well as the forested Rocky Mountains and associated grasslands and meadows in the valleys, foothills, and mid-slopes.
A Clinical Evaluation of Fixed Partial Dentures

Adresa za dopisivanje Dr. Gulcan Coskun Akar Ege University School of Dentistry Department of Prosthodontics, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey Tel: 00-90-232-388 03 27 Faks: 00-90-232-388 03 25 gulcan.coskun. akar@ege.edu. tr Sažetak Svrha: procjena nosaca i status fiksnih protetskih nadomjestaka kod pacijenata koji su zatražili njihovu zamjenu. Materijali i metode: U Zavod za protetiku Stomatoloskog fakulteta Sveucilista Ege poslano je 115 ljudi kako bi im se s razlogom skinuo FPN. Raspon godina bio je između 35 i 76 (53,98±8,55). Kategorije pregledanih fiksnih nadomjestaka bile su sljedece: 15 (13%) potpunih metalnih krunica, 63 (54,8%) metalno-akrilatnih mostova i 37 (32,2%) metalno-keramickih. Bio je zabilježen i broj clanova, položaj i vrsta restoracija u zubnom luku te starost. U postupku procjene okluzije koristili smo se kriterijima USPDH-a, a za procjenu klinicke kakvoce restoracija uprabljene su ocjene iz sustava CDA. Rezultati: Pregledano je ukupno 100 mostova sa 727 clanova, 464 nosaca i 263 međuclana. Prosjecna im je iznosila je 6,53 (±7,04) godina za krunice, 8,16 (±9,28) za metalno-keramicke mostove i 10,00 (±6,21) godina za metalno-akrilatne mostove. Prosjecna starost djelomicnih fiksnih proteza bila je znatno veca u metalno-akrilatnoj skupini negoli u metalno-keramickoj (p=0,017) i kod potpuno metalnih krunica (p=0,015). Klinickom procjenom otkriveno je da su parodontno zdravlje (p=0,011), estetika (p=0,000) i higijena (p=0,002) bili na nižoj razini kod metalno-akrilatnih DFP-a negoli kod drugih vrsta djelomicnih fiksnih proteza. Najveci gubitak proksimalnih kontakata dogodio se u skupini metalno-akrilatnih FPN-a (p=0,003). Zakljucak: Prije skidanja djelomicno fiksnih proteza ustanovljeno je pregledom i procjenom na temelju kriterija CDA-a da je ocjenu „neprihvatljivo“ za parodontno zdravlje, estetiku i higijenu dobilo vise radova DFP-a iz skupine metalno-akrilatnih mostova negoli iz onih skupine metalno-keramickih. Kljucne rijeci zubne nadogradnje; zubne proteze, parcijalna, fiksna; stomatoloska krunica; metalkeramicke legure 1 Zavod za protetiku Stomatoloskog fakulteta Sveucilista Ege, Izmir,Turska University of Ege, Dental School, Department of Prosthodontics, Izmir,Turkey 2 Visa skola za izobrazbu medicinskih tehnicara Ataturk Sveucilsta Ege, Izmir, Turska Ataturk Medical Technology Vocational Training School, University of Ege, Izmir, Turkey 3 Zavod za Biostatistiku i medicinsku informatiku Medicinskog fakulteta Sveucilista Ege, Izmir, Turska University of Ege, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistic and Medical Informatics, Izmir, Turkey
Dynamic Double Auctions: Toward First Best

Efficient and Profit-Maximizing Dynamic Double Auctions for Two-Sided Markets Two-sided markets that enable sellers and buyers to trade have received considerable attention in the past decade. Prominent examples include online advertising, freelancing, and ride-hailing. In these markets, trade is coordinated by an intermediating platform that determines which parties should trade, collects payments from buyers, and transfers payments to sellers. How should trading mechanisms be designed when agents repeatedly trade over time? In the paper “Dynamic Double Auctions: Toward First Best,” Balseiro, Mirrokni, Paes Leme, and Zuo design dynamic double auctions that satisfy the following practical requirements: no positive transfers, that is, the platform never asks sellers to make payments nor are buyers ever paid; and periodic individual rationality, that is, agents should derive a nonnegative utility from every trade opportunity. This work provides mechanisms satisfying these requirements that, as the number of trading opportunities grows, are asymptotically efficient, budget balanced, and allow to extract the welfare generated by the market as profit.
THE CONCENTRATION OF THE MAXIMUM DEGREE 1 IN THE DUPLICATION-DIVERGENCE MODELS

We present a rigorous and precise analysis of the maximum degree and the average 4 degree in a dynamic duplication-divergence graph model introduced by Sol´e, Pastor-Satorras et al. in 5 which the graph grows according to a duplication-divergence mechanism, i.e. by iteratively creating 6 a copy of some node and then randomly alternating the neighborhood of a new node with probability 7 p . This model captures the growth of some real-world processes e.g. biological or social networks. 8 In this paper, we prove that for some 0 < p < 1 the maximum degree and the average degree of 9 a duplication-divergence graph on t vertices are asymptotically concentrated with high probability 10 around t p and max { t 2 p − 1 , 1 } , respectively, i.e. they are within at most a polylogarithmic factor from 11 these values with probability 1 − t − c for any constant c > 0. 12
The Insects: Structure and Function

Preface Part A. The Head, Ingestion, Utilization and Distribuiton of Food: 1. Head 2. Mouthparts and feeding 3. Alimentary canal, digestion and absorption 4. Nutrition 5. Circulatory system, blood and immune system 6. Fat body Part B. The Thorax, Muscles and Locomotion: 7. Thorax 8. Legs and locomotion 9. Wings and flight 10. Muscles Part C. The Abdomen, Reproductive System and Development: 11. Abdomen 12. Reproductive system: male 13. Reproductive system: female 14. The egg and embryology 15. Postembryonic development Part D. The Integument, Gas Exchange and Homeostasis: 16. Integument 17. Gaseous exchange 18. Excretion and salt and water regulation 19. Thermal relations Part E. Communication: I. Physiological Co-ordination within the Insects: 20. Nervous system 21. Endocrine System II. Perception of the Environment: 22. Visual system 23. Mechanoreception 24. Chemoreception III. Communication with other Organisms: 25. Color and light production 26. Mechanical communication: sound production 27. Chemical communication: pheromones and chemicals with interspecific significance Species index Subject index.
HARDNAV - Simulator for Benchmarking Robust Navigation and Place Recognition in Large, Confusing and Highly Dynamic Environments

—We present a novel simulator called HARDNAV for developing and benchmarking robust vision-based autonomous navigation and place recognition. The simulator is designed to effortlessly simulate challenging scenarios and environmental features for single-mission autonomy, such as dynamic objects and lights, featureless areas or sensor corruption, and for long-term autonomy, such as visibility and topology changes and large-scale unstructured environments. Additionally, we propose replicable benchmarks of active place recognition, and of multi-session navigation, speciﬁcally for a kidnapped robot return home mission type, and discuss other challenging benchmarks possible in our simulator. We opensource the code for the simulator and provide scripts and tutorials to easily design multi-session experiments. We hope the simulator will help the robotics and AI community to develop truly robust spatial intelligence methods.
Seismic anisotropy from local earthquakes in the transition region from a subduction to a strike‐slip plate boundary, New Zealand

Shear wave splitting is used to investigate anisotropy in the crust and upper mantle in a subduction zone (lower half of the North Island of New Zealand), and its transition to oblique transform faulting (Marlborough area, northern South Island). In Marlborough, delay times show almost no increase with depth, and it is most likely that the higher-frequency phases used in this study respond mainly to lithospheric anisotropy. In the central Marlborough Fault System (MFS), fast polarizations are subparallel to the faults. Anisotropy is attributed to the presence of metamorphosed schist (eclogite), of 30 ± 10 km thickness and located 50-80 km beneath the MFS. On the edges of the MFS, fast polarizations are parallel to the maximum compressive stress direction, consistent with crack-induced anisotropy in the crust. The shear zone, which is as wide as the island in the mantle as inferred from SKS phases, seems to occur in a narrower zone in the crust. In the lower half of the North Island, fast polarizations from events at all depths are oriented parallel to the strike of the Hikurangi subduction zone as well as to the faults. Polarisations are similar to those of SKS phases, which mainly sample the mantle. This suggests that the lithosphere and the upper mantle asthenosphere deform in a coherent strike-slip shear. We calculate 1.2 ± 0.3% velocity anisotropy in the first 200 km of the mantle from increasing delay times with depth. In order to match the SKS delay times, this result requires the presence of anisotropic material down to 580 ± 100-km depth, or a change in anisotropy with depth, or frequency dependent splitting.
Polyunsaturated fatty acid analogues differentially affect cardiac Nav, Cav, and Kv channels through unique mechanisms

The cardiac ventricular action potential depends on several voltage-gated ion channels, including Nav, Cav, and Kv channels. Mutations in these channels can cause Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) which increases the risk for ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have emerged as potential therapeutics for LQTS because they are modulators of voltage-gated ion channels. Here we demonstrate that PUFA analogues vary in their selectivity for human voltage-gated ion channels involved in the ventricular action potential. The effects of specific PUFA analogues range from selective for a specific ion channel to broadly modulating all three cardiac ion channels (NaV, CaL, and IKs). In addition, PUFA analogues do not modulate these channels through a shared mechanism. Our data suggest that different PUFA analogues could be tailored towards specific forms of LQTS, which are caused by mutations in distinct cardiac ion channels, and thus restore a normal ventricular action potential.
Aspects of reproduction and sexual dimorphism of Lygophis flavifrenatus (Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae)

ABSTRACT Lygophis flavifrenatus Cope, 1862 is a terrestrial dispsadid distributed in subtropical Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina. Herein, we present data on sexual dimorphism and reproductive biology of this very poorly studied species. A total of 108 specimens (55 females, 50 males, three hatchlings with unidentified sex) from Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Mato Grosso do Sul were analyzed. Sexual dimorphism by size, body dimensions (tail length, head length, head width) and a number of ventral and subcaudal scales is not well marked in the species. Mature females attain the greater size and have a higher number of ventral scales than mature males. Mature males, in turn, presented longer tail, longer and wider head and a higher number of subcaudal scales. Meanwhile, marked overlaps were observed in ranges of all body dimensions proportions and a number of ventral and subcaudal scales. Females attained sexual maturity at a greater size than males. The smallest mature female showed snout-vent length (SVL) = 402 mm while the smallest mature male presented SVL = 285 mm. Females presented a seasonal reproductive cycle, with advanced stages (advanced development of secondary follicles and development of eggs) occurring in late winter and spring. Hatchlings were found in late summer. It is supposed that only one clutch is laid per cycle, considering that the great majority of secondary follicles found in females carrying eggs were irregular or lamellar shaped (possibly atresic). Clutch sizes varied from 6 to 12 eggs (mean = 8.2) and presented a tendency for positive correlation with progenitors SVL. The present study adds new information to the knowledge about the natural history of snakes from subtropical Neotropics.
The erosional impacts of grazing animals

A large part (40%) of the world's land surface is rangeland, of which 80% is in arid and semi-arid parts of the world (Branson et aI., 1981) and much (34.5%) of the world's land degradation is attributed to the grazing anima l, especially in Africa, 49.2% of that continent's degradation, and Australasia (80.6%) (Oldeman et ai., 1991). But the erosional impacts of the grazing anima l can also be marked in temperate COW1tries such as New Zealand (Zotov, 1938; Kerr, 1992), Britain (Evans, 1997) and Ireland (Douglas, 1995; Stapleton, 1996), where there are too many sheep, and in arctic Norway (Evans, 1996a) where there are too many reindeer. In this article, I discuss the erosional impacts of grazing animals on both rangeland and the enclosed and often improved grasslands such as those in the UK, New Zealand and temperate New South Wales, Australia. Atlimals have erosional impacts on the land surface in both direct and indirect ways. Directly, animals can create and then maintain and expand areas of bare soil, upon which the weather acts; indirectly, by facilitating the rapid runoff of rainfall which may only slightly erode the surface upon which it gathers but which can downvalley i:1cise into the ground surface forming gullies. In the past, before the drawing up of national boundaries and the increases in countries' popu lations, nomadic tribes and their herds of domesticated animals roamed freely in search of food (Coppock, 1993). In these local ities the carrying capacity of the vegetation was probably exceeded only in times of extreme drought. [n the natural state, or where humankind was small in number and had little impact on the land, it is W11ikely that grazing animals caused widespread erosion. Only where anunal routes were confined or rivers crossed at a particular point would the impacts of hooves create erosion. In arctic Canada, a herd of 5001000 reindeer (caribou) stranded on the 40 km2 Rideout Island starved to death once the palatable vegetation was grazed out, b,,( hardly any erosiona i damage was intlicted on the landscape (Henry and Cunn, 1991). Only 3% of the tussock tundra on the island was bare of vegetation, compared to
Exploring the effect of stimulus list composition on the Cognate Facilitation Effect in bilingual lexical decision

Cognate words have a shared orthographic and semantic representation across languages: kniv (‘knife’) in Danish means the same as kniv in Swedish. Their shared form and meaning give cognates a special status in the bilingual mental lexicon and there is robust evidence that because of this special status they are processed faster than non-cognate words. This effect is called the Cognate Facilitation Effect and represents strong evidence that bilinguals do not have two separate mental lexicons, but rather one integrated lexicon for both of their languages with nonselective access. The present study is a replication of Vanlangendonck et al. (2020) with a different language constellation. For the aims of this project, early and late Danish-Swedish bilinguals were recruited to examine the effect of stimulus list composition on the Cognate Facilitation Effect by means of two experiments: one language-specific visual lexical decision task that contained control words from the participants’ L2 (Swedish), a set of cognates, interlingual homographs and pseudowords, and a second task in which half of the pseudowords were replaced by Danish (L2) words that had to evoke a “no” response. This change from a pure to a mixed list was expected to increase response competition and turn cognate facilitation into inhibition. However, the results showed a null Cognate Facilitation Effect both for early and for late bilinguals. These findings are discussed in terms of the assumptions of the BIA+ model of bilingual lexical processing and it is suggested that the presence of language-specific diacritics in the stimulus list has hindered the emergence of the Cognate Facilitation Effect.
Possible association between statin use and bowel dysmotility

3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are a class of drug that has been proven to be effective in lowering serum lipid levels. Although generally well-tolerated side effects from this class of drug have been noted to include liver dysfunction, renal failure and myopathy. Statins are also known to effect nitric oxide levels through upregulation of nitric oxide synthase. There is some evidence to imply that nitric oxide acts on inhibitory nerves in the colon to produce impaired motility. The authors present a case of recurrent colonic dilatation and volvulus which was initially treated with a sigmoid colectomy. Unfortunately symptoms persisted and a trial of the omission of statins was undertaken resulting in symptomatic relief. Following admission into hospital, statins were inadvertently restarted which caused the symptoms to reoccur. The statin was discontinued and upon review several months later the patient reported symptomatic benefit.
Machine learning-assisted image analysis and metabarcoding for monitoring of plankton in the Baltic Sea

In environmental monitoring of the seas around Sweden, manual counting with microscope is used to monitor the plankton communities and algal blooms. New techniques are currently being evaluated, including imaging flow cytometry and DNA metabarcoding, but it is not known how results from the different techniques relate to one another. Previous work has not compared imaging flow cytometry with metabarcoding, although both methods have been compared to traditional microscopy. In this project, samples for DNA metabarcoding and imaging flow cytometry with the Imaging FlowCytobot (IFCB) have been collected in parallel in the Baltic Proper, ¨Oresund, Kattegat, and Skagerrak. To be able to process the large amount of images from the cytometry, an image classification algorithm based on convolutional neural networks and transfer learning was developed, which was used to classify the images collected and compare the classification results with 18S rRNA metabarcoding of the protist community. This new approach of comparing imaging flow cytometry with metabarcoding resulted in strong (R > 0.8) correlation for some diatom taxa, but discrepancies between the technologies were also observed. The discrepancies can be further studied to identify weaknesses in both techniques and refine them further.
Bacteriophage-based therapy in cystic fibrosis-associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: rationale and current status

: Pulmonary infections involving Pseudomonas aeruginosa are among the leading causes of the deterioration of the respiratory status of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains in such populations, favored by iterative antibiotic cures, has led to the urgent need for new therapies. Among them, bacteriophage-based therapies deserve a focus. One century of empiric use in the ex-USSR countries suggests that bacteriophages may have beneficial effects against a large range of bacterial infections. Interest in bacteriophages has recently renewed in Western countries, and the in vitro data available suggest that bacteriophage-based therapy may be of significant interest for the treatment of pulmonary infections in CF patients. Although the clinical data concerning this specific population are relatively scarce, the beginning of the first large randomized study evaluating bacteriophage-based therapy in burn infections suggests that the time has come to assess the effectiveness of this new therapy in CF P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Consequently, the aim of this review is, after a brief history, to summarize the evidence concerning bacteriophage efficacy against P. aeruginosa and, more specifically, the in vitro studies, animal models, and clinical trials targeting CF.
Concordant dynamic changes of global network properties in the frontoparietal and limbic compartments: an EEG study

Introduction Despite its complexity, deciphering nodal interaction is imperative to understanding a neural network. Network interaction is an even more complicated topic that must be addressed. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the brain waves of two canonical brain structures, i.e., the frontoparietal and limbic compartments, during a resting state. Methods Electroencephalography (EEG) of 51 subjects in eye-closed condition was analyzed, and the eLORETA method was applied to convert the signals from the scalp to the brain. By way of community detection, representative neural nodes and the associated mean activities were retrieved. Total and lagged coherences were computed to indicate functional connectivity between those neural nodes. Two global network properties were elucidated based on the connectivity measures, i.e., global efficiency and mean functional connectivity strength. The temporal correlation of the global network indices between the two studied networks was explored. Results It was found that there was a significant trend of positive correlation across the four metrics (lagged vs. total coherence x global efficiency vs. average connectivity). In other words, when the neural interaction in the FP network was stronger, so did that in the limbic network, and vice versa. Notably, the above interaction was not spectrally specific and only existed at a finer temporal scale (under hundreds of milliseconds level). Conclusion The concordant change in network properties indicates an intricate balance between FP and LM compartments. Possible mechanisms and implications for the findings are discussed.
2022 Kauzmann Paradox: a crossover due to diminishing local excitations?

The conﬁgurational entropy of supercooled liquids extrapolates to zero at the Kauzmann temperature, causing a crisis called the Kauzmann paradox. Here, using a class of multicomponent lattice glass models, we study a resolution of the paradox characterized by a sudden but smooth turn in the entropy as temperature goes suﬃciently low. A scalar variant of the models reproduces the Kauzmann paradox with thermodynamic properties at very low temperatures dominated by correlations. An exactly solvable vector variant without correlation illustrates that a sudden entropy turn occurs when discrete local excitations are largely suppressed. Despite being disordered and inﬁnitely degenerate, the ground states have zero entropy per particle.