Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Wasatch Environmental Observatory: A mountain to urban research network in the semi‐arid western US

The 2085 km2 Jordan River Basin, and its seven sub‐catchments draining the Central Wasatch Range immediately east of Salt Lake City, UT, are home to an array of hydrologic, atmospheric, climatic and chemical research infrastructure that collectively forms the Wasatch Environmental Observatory (WEO). WEO is geographically nested within a wildland to urban land‐use gradient and built upon a strong foundation of over a century of discharge and climate records. A 2200 m gradient in elevation results in variable precipitation, temperature and vegetation patterns. Soil and subsurface structure reflect systematic variation in geology from granitic, intrusive to mixed sedimentary clastic across headwater catchments, all draining to the alluvial or colluvial sediments of the former Lake Bonneville. Winter snowfall and spring snowmelt control annual hydroclimate, rapid population growth dominates geographic change in lower elevations and urban gas and particle emissions contribute to episodes of severe air pollution in this closed‐basin. Long‐term hydroclimate observations across this diverse landscape provide the foundation for an expanding network of infrastructure in both montane and urban landscapes. Current infrastructure supports both basic and applied research in atmospheric chemistry, biogeochemistry, climate, ecology, hydrology, meteorology, resource management and urban redesign that is augmented through strong partnerships with cooperating agencies. These features allow WEO to serve as a unique natural laboratory for addressing research questions facing seasonally snow‐covered, semi‐arid regions in a rapidly changing world and an excellent facility for providing student education and research training.
Do Students Prioritize Majors or Specific Colleges? Analyzing the Factors That Influence Preferences in China

China’s college entrance examination has always been regarded as a system that promotes social stability and sustainable development. Students with different characteristics may have dissimilar professional aspirations. Due to the increasing popularity of higher education in China, these characteristics may constitute new influences among students’ professional priorities and educational preferences, and it is interesting to explore how such characteristics, especially family backgrounds, affect these choices. Compared to previous investigations, this study conducted a more systematic and quantitative empirical examination of family background. Accordingly, we used data obtained through a survey on higher education reform conducted by the Graduate School of Education at Peking University. Results showed that family backgrounds significantly influenced student priorities when deciding whether majors or specific colleges were most important. When deliberating over the “unpopular majors” offered at higher-level colleges/universities and the “popular majors” offered at relatively lower-level colleges, students with comparatively advantageous family backgrounds were more likely to prioritize specific colleges; that is, they were more willing to choose higher-level colleges than “popular majors” at lower-level colleges. Conversely, students with relatively disadvantaged family backgrounds were more likely to prioritize majors; that is, they were more willing to forego higher-level colleges/universities in favor of “popular majors” at relatively lower-level colleges.
Testing Bergmann's Rule in marine copepods

Macroecological relationships provide insights into rules that govern ecological systems. Bergmann's rule posits that members of the same clade are larger at colder temperatures. Whether temperature drives this relationship is debated because several other potential drivers covary with temperature. We conducted a near-global comparative analysis on marine copepods (97 830 samples, 388 taxa) to test Bergmann's rule, considering other potential drivers. Supporting Bergmann's rule, we found temperature better predicted size than did latitude or oxygen, with body size decreasing by 43.9% across the temperature range (-1.7 to 30oC). Body size also decreased by 26.9% across the range in food availability. Our results provide strong support for Bergman's rule in copepods, but emphasises the importance of other drivers in modifying this pattern. As the world warms, smaller copepod species are likely to emerge as ‘winners', potentially reducing rates of fisheries production and carbon sequestration.
The Association of Household Socioeconomic Status and Neighborhood Support System With Adherence to Cardiovascular Fitness Among Persons With Diabetes Mellitus in Ghana a Hospital-based Cross Sectional Study.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent risk-factor for cardiovascular diseases. Physical activities (PAs) could reverse this risk factor. However some factors could influence adherence to PAs. Our study investigates the association of household socioeconomic status and neighborhood support system with adherence to cardiovascular fitness among persons with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Ghana.Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional-study was conducted among 530 T2DM patients in Ghana. Structured-questionnaires were used to collect demographic, anthropometric, and clinical variables. Household socioeconomic status (SES) was assessed using wealth-composite index and adherence to PAs measured using WHO PA-short form questionnaires. SPSS version-22 was used in data analysis.Results: There were significant mean difference in low (P = 0.010) and high (P = 0.0001) social/neighborhood supports according to place of residence. After adjusting for age and diabetes duration, high SES (quintile 3) Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR) =0.68, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) (0.22, 0.07), moderate SES (quintile 3), AOR=3.16, 95%CI (1.01, 9.89) and high social support system (quintile 2) AOR =3.29, 95%CI (1.02, 10.58) were significant for adherence to cardiovascular fitness. Furthermore Low SES (quintile 3) AOR= 3.52, 95%CI (1.44, 8.59) and low social support system (quintile 1) AOR=1.05, 95%CI (1.05, 1.09) were significant for adherence to sedentary lifestyle among persons with diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: SES, and Social/neighborhood support systems are associated with adherence to cardiovascular fitness. Health care workers should prioritized these variables as modifiable factors in diseases preventions and health promotion
Design of high gain and high bandwidth operational transconductance amplifier (OTA)

ABSTRACT A novel operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) having high gain and high bandwidth for high-speed analog communication techniques and precision filtering is designed in this paper. The designed OTA uses β-multiplier-based current biasing scheme with folded cascode amplifier scheme in order to improve the small signal models and the DC gain of circuit. The OTA design was carried out using TSMC 65 nm CMOS technology using Cadence Virtuoso tool with 1 V supply voltage and 10 pf capacitive load. The output DC gain was found to be approximately 75.3 dB. In addition, the unity gain frequency for the designed OTA was found to be around 200 MHz. Superior common mode rejection ratio, power supply rejection ratio and slew rates along with compact chip area and low power are other salient features of the designed OTA. The designed OTA can be employed in order to design high performance analog circuits like data converters, phase-locked loops, etc.
A nonchlorinated solvent-processed polymer semiconductor for high-performance ambipolar transistors

Abstract Ambipolar polymer semiconductors are potentially serviceable for logic circuits, light-emitting field-effect transistors (LFETs) and polymer solar cells (PSCs). Although several high-performance ambipolar polymers have been developed, their optoelectronic devices are generally processed from toxic chlorinated solvents. To achieve the commercial applications of organic FETs (OFETs), the polymers should be processed from nonchlorinated solvents, instead of chlorinated solvents. However, most conjugated polymers show poor solubility in nonchlorinated solvents. It is of great importance to develop ambipolar polymers that can be processed from nonchlorinated solvents. Here, we develop a nonchlorinated solvent processed polymer named poly[7-fluoro-N, N′-di(4-decyltetradecyl)-7′-azaisoindigo-6′,6″-(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,5-diyl)-7‴-fluoro-N″, N‴-di(4-decyltetradecyl)-7″-azaisoindigo-6,6‴-([2,2″-bithiophene]-5,5″-diyl)] (PITTI-BT) by designing a monomer with a large molar mass. The polymer displays good solubility in p-xylene (PX). Well-aligned films of PITTI-BT are achieved by an off-center spin-coating (SC) method. Based on the high-quality films, the OFETs fabricated from PX solution achieve record ambipolar performance with hole and electron mobilities of 3.06 and 2.81 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. The combination of nonchlorinated solvents and good alignment process offers an effective and eco-friendly approach to obtain high-performance ambipolar transistors.
left sentences processing in Spanish: effects of age, working memory, syntactic complexity and a concurrent memory load

The performance of older and young adults in a concurrent task –to read equational sentences while at the same time the subjects retain in memory three words– is comparatively studied. The purpose of the experiment is to find out if there is an effect of the variables of age, working memory, syntactic complexity and interference of a concurrent memory load processing on the comprehension of syntactically complex sentences. The multilevel statistical analysis reveals that both online processing of cleft sentences as their understanding is significantly affected by the age of participants when operating a concurrent memory load. The working memory variables and syntactical complexity, meanwhile, also significantly affect the performance of subjects, but regardless of age
Knowledge identity (KI): a determining factor in the effective use of analytics

ABSTRACT Enterprise systems can play a fundamental role in the management of business analytics by facilitating knowledge management. Nonetheless, and despite extensive studies about enterprise systems and knowledge management over the past four decades, the information systems discipline still lacks a clear and practical understanding of what types of knowledge should be managed by enterprise systems, and how to facilitate the adoption and effective use of business analytics through knowledge management. To a high degree, the issue is rooted in the ambiguity about the nature and sources of knowledge. Motivated by this need, we conducted an exploratory study to address the research question, what knowledge is critical for data analysts to be able to use business analytics effectively? We interviewed 41 data analysts. Using thematic analysis, we propose the theory of knowledge identity, which explains the role of data analysts’ knowledge in the adoption and effective use of analytics in organisations. This study offers significant theoretical and practical implications.
Association of Job Stress and Hypertension among Nurses in Imo State, Nigeria

Hypertension is one of the major public health problems and it is prevalent all over the world. Raised blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for chronic heart disease, stroke and coronary heart disease. This study was a descriptive and correlation study carried out to investigate the association of job stress and hypertension among nurses in Imo state, Nigeria. A well-structured questionnaire was used to interview the subjects and obtain data for the study. All subjects used for this study gave an informed consent to be part of the study. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics version 23. Bivariate (unadjusted) discriminant analysis method was used to assess the correlation of hypertension with job stress. Results showed that significant correlation was found between hypertension and job stress (Wilks’s Lambda=0.965, F=13.85, p <0.0001), a significant proportion (34.3%) of the hypertensive nurses stated that they feel stressful working on night compared with 19.0% who are non-hypertensive. But the corresponding mean score (2.6) remained the same for both groups. Up to 21.8% of the non-hypertensive nurses compared with 32.1% of the hypertensive nurses reported that most of the times they deprive themselves from sleeping just to perform work task. The mean score showed variations for two groups with higher score for the non-hypertensive among those that find it stressful to engage in a non-nursing task while on duty (non-hypertensive 2.6, hypertensive 2.3). The score was rather higher in the hypertensive (3.0) than the non-hypertensive (2.5) among those who responded that the task they handle make them feel fatigued. In conclusion, there was a correlation between job stress and hypertension. It was recommended that stress intervention programmes be introduced to encourage nurses to manage stress in the workplace. Keywords: Hypertension, High Blood Pressure, Job stress, Nurses, Cardiovascular disease.
The effects of EU conditionality on patterns of policy engagement of civil society organizations in candidate countries

ABSTRACT EU political conditionality for candidate countries brings an unprecedented focus on transforming standards and practices of civil society engagement in policymaking and introduces a number of mechanisms for supporting reforms in this area. However, there is still not enough evidence on the effects of various conditionality mechanisms for various patterns of civil society policy engagement in countries on the path to EU accession. Drawing on theoretical approaches from Europeanization and interest group research, the paper seeks to analyse how various EU mechanisms influence the involvement, access and prominence of civil society organizations in national policymaking processes in the pre-accession phase. Based on the analysis of the cases of Serbia and Montenegro as the only two Western Balkans candidate countries which have started EU accession negotiations, it is argued that a clearer and more consistent application of EU conditionality can lead to more advanced civil society policy engagement, but its effectiveness depends on the genuine commitment of government bodies to proactive transparency and fundamental freedoms. It is also argued that purely formal government compliance with EU requirements can remain only a window dressing exercise and a source of legitimizing authorities’ decision-making processes without empowering effects on domestic civil society actors.
Spectral Super-Resolution of Multispectral Images Using Spatial–Spectral Residual Attention Network

The spectral super-resolution of multispectral image (MSI) refers to improving the spectral resolution of the MSI to obtain the hyperspectral image (HSI). Most recent works are based on the sparse representation to unfold the MSI into the 2-D matrix in advance for subsequent operations, which results in that the spatial information of MSI cannot be fully explored. In this article, a spatial–spectral residual attention network (SSRAN) is proposed to simultaneously explore the spatial and spectral information of MSI for reconstructing the HSI. The proposed SSRAN is composed of the feature extraction part, the nonlinear mapping part, and the reconstruction part. Firstly, the multispectral features of the input MSI are extracted in the feature extraction part. Second, in the nonlinear mapping part, the spatial–spectral residual blocks are proposed to explore spatial and spectral information of MSI for mapping the multispectral features to the hyperspectral features. Finally, in the reconstruction part, a 2-D convolution is used to reconstruct the HSI from the hyperspectral features. Also, a neighboring spectral attention module is specially designed to explicitly constrain the reconstructed HSI to maintain the correlation among neighboring spectral bands. The proposed SSRAN outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on both simulated and real databases.
THE BEHAVIOR OF THE ANNUAL ELECTRICITY DEMAND AND THE ROLE OF ECONOMIC GROWTH IN COLOMBIA

The electricity demand forecast allows countries to establish long-term plans and objectives for identifying gaps, selecting strategies, and designing the electric power system’s architecture. Traditional models use GDP as the primary variable to forecast the electricity demand. The work presents an analysis of the relationship between electricity demand and economic growth, using regression methods with one or more variables. The GDP and sectoral GDP data was provided by Banco de la República de Colombia. The results validate the traditional model and offer alternative models that can relate the economy’s different sectors with the electricity demand.
The coaching dance applied: training Chinese managers to coach

ABSTRACT Through exploring the implementation of a manager-coach training programme, built on a foundation of Chinese culture, in a Chinese education environment, this paper explores a predominantly non-directive coaching model and its positive impact on knowledge exchange and innovation. Whilst acknowledging the continued call from some quarters for the use of a directive approach to coaching in mainland China, this paper explores the positive relationship between the non-directive approach and the socialisation of knowledge amongst teachers. The article also sheds light on how the ‘Coaching Dance’ can facilitate movement towards a more non-directive approach to enhance knowledge exchange allowing Chinese managers to elicit a promotion-focus and positive career behaviours from coachees. The paper offers some evidence that a predominantly non-directive approach can positively impact knowledge exchange and socialisation when a multitiered approach to coaching is deployed in a Confucian environment.
Elevated carbon dioxide and temperature effects on soil properties from sole crops and intercrops

Climate change is associated with more intense phases of heat, drought or precipitation that can have a negative impact on soil properties. Our goal was to understand if elevated CO2 (eCO2) and temperature (eT), and a multicomponent (eCO2eT) climate effect will influence soil properties from cereal‐legume intercrops differently compared to sole crops. We hypothesized that cereal‐legume intercrops can regulate climate effects, causing soil properties and greenhouse gas fluxes to be similar to ambient climate conditions. eT and eCO2eT decreased soil organic carbon (C) (p = .001) and nitrogen (N) (p = .003) but increased (p = .011) soil nitrate in all crop systems, compared to ambient conditions. For crop systems, soil ammonium was lower (p = .001) with all climate effects, but nitrate was greater (p = .011) with eCO2 and eCO2eT compared to ambient conditions. The microbial community had a preferential (p = .024) consumption of C3 sources in the sole crops. Climate effects also influenced how C and N were accessed by microbes in all crop systems, shifting (p = .001) species richness and microbial community structure. CO2 fluxes were greater (p = .001) with eT and eCO2, whereas N2O fluxes were greater (p = .005) with eCO2 and eCO2eT. However, greenhouse gas fluxes from the intercrop were similar between eT or eCO2eT and ambient conditions. For soil properties, we rejected our hypothesis since cereal‐legume intercrops did not have an advantage over sole crops to cope with single‐ and multicomponent climate effects, but we partially accepted our hypothesis since greenhouse gas fluxes were similar between AMB and eT or eCO2eT.
Polymer-Stabilized Blue Phase and Its Application to a 1.5 µm Band Wavelength Selective Filter

The use of polymer-stabilized blue phase (PSBP) including a tolane-type liquid crystal was investigated to develop a voltage-controlled wavelength selective filter for wavelength-division-multiplexing optical fiber network. It was found that the tolane-type liquid crystal introduction can increase both a blue-phase temperature range and a Kerr coefficient. A Fabry–Perot etalon filled with PSBP functioned as a wavelength selective filter, as expected. The tuning wavelength range was 62 nm although peak transmission was not as high as expected. Numerical analysis suggested that light absorption in transparent electrodes may cause the issue. Minor change to the etalon structure will result in improved performance.
An investigation of the structural nonlinearity effects on the building seismic risk assessment under mainshock–aftershock sequences in Tehran metro city

This research attempts to investigate the effects of neglecting the nonlinear behavior of structures on the estimated seismic risk assessment of buildings under mainshock–aftershock (MA) sequences. In this regard, the Tehran metro city is selected as a building site due to its high seismicity level. Three separate 5-, 10-, and 15-story buildings are considered and designed based on international design codes. The earthquake hazard scenarios containing mainshock–aftershock sequences are modeled randomly using a synthetic stochastic methodology for this region. Next, by implementing the Monte Carlo simulation method, buildings performances are obtained for a large number of different scenarios, and consequently, the lifetime direct losses imposed on the buildings are evaluated. To investigate the effect of structural nonlinearity, the described process is performed in two distinct scenarios: one of them assumes that the buildings behave linearly, while the other one allows the structures to respond nonlinearly. Finally, the level of dependency of calculated lifetime seismic risk to this parameter and also the contribution of different sources of losses, including physical damage, business interruption, and casualty losses, are investigated considering the aftershocks effect.
Deep High Dynamic Range Imaging Using Differently Exposed Stereo Images

High dynamic range (HDR) image formation from low dynamic range (LDR) images of different exposures is a well researched topic in the past two decades. However, most of the developed techniques consider differently exposed LDR images that are acquired from the same camera view point, which assumes the scene to be static long enough to capture multiple images. In this paper, we propose to address the problem of HDR imaging from differently exposed LDR stereo images using an encoder-decoder based convolutional neural network (CNN). The proposed technique does not require the LDR stereo images to be explicitly rectified and disparity corrected before merging to HDR image, unlike conventional stereo matching methods. For training and evaluation, we consider an existing benchmark dataset of HDR stereo images. The experiments have shown some interesting results in comparison to the state-of-the-art approaches. The proposed end-to-end network is found to perform equally well on LDR images that are obtained from both stereo framework and single viewpoint.