Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Heat Transfer in Refrigeration

Refrigeration plays a key role in today’s society, providing human comfort and food preservation. From ice and large foodpacking plants to oil refineries and chemical manufacturing, industrial processes rely heavily on refrigeration. According to the International Institute of Refrigeration [1], approximately 15% of the world’s electricity consumption goes to refrigerating and air conditioning systems. The importance of refrigeration is also reflected in the ever-growing number of specialized literature and conferences held worldwide. No doubt, there is much room for improvement, especially by reducing the impact of refrigeration on the environment and improving equipment design (thereby improving energy utilization). The systematic application of the science of heat transfer to refrigeration engineering will certainly contribute to achieve these ends. The efficiency of a heat pump cycle is primarily dictated by the temperature levels at which the cycle operates. In the vapor compression cycle, this means that the pressure levels that affect compressor behavior are ultimately determined by the performance of the heat exchangers that establish the interaction between the working fluid and the heat source and heat sink. In the vapor compression refrigeration cycle, poor heat exchanger efficiency will result in greater temperature differences across both the condenser and evaporator, given heat sink (ambient) and source (refrigerated medium) temperatures. Thus, the thermodynamic cycle would operate under increasingly separated temperature levels. Because the heat extraction (evaporator) and heat rejection (condenser) occur with phase change,
Creating Naked Singularities and Negative Energy

A brief review is given of three recent results concerning classical solutions of gravitational theories: (1) With asymptotically anti de Sitter boundary conditions, there are matter theories satisfying the positive energy theorem which violate cosmic censorship. (2) Despite supersymmetry, there are solutions to = 8 supergravity in which the total gravitational energy is arbitrarily negative. This theory can also violate cosmic censorship. (3) A large class of supersymmetric compactifications (including all simply connected Calabi–Yau manifolds) have solutions with negative four dimensional effective energy density.
Validation of a body condition scoring system in Nili Ravi dairy buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis): inter- and intra-assessor variability

Abstract The aim of the research reported in this Research Communication was to apply the 5-point body condition scoring (BCS) system to dairy buffaloes and subjectively validate it by assessing the intra- and inter-assessor agreement. For this purpose, the BCS system developed for dairy cows was applied to buffaloes. A total of 230 Nili Ravi buffaloes of varying parity, lactation stages and pregnancy status were enrolled from the Buffalo Research Institute, Pattoki, Pakistan. Four observers independently assigned BCS values to each enrolled buffalo in two phases, as follows: (1) during phase I, the assessors were trained for BCS assessment using a BCS chart developed by Elanco Animal Health Ltd.; and (2) during phase II, the assessors were trained using live buffaloes for BCS assessment. Kappa statistics (kw) were used to determine the intra- and inter-assessor agreement. The results revealed that the exact overall inter- and intra-assessor agreement was moderate (kw = 0.48–0.55) and increased to substantial levels after training on live animals (kw = 0.63–0.87). Furthermore, the intra- and inter-assessor exact agreement was higher (kw = 0.57–0.58) for buffaloes tied to the mangers compared to the buffaloes standing in the loafing area (kw = 0.50). The inter-assessor agreements within 0.25 and 0.5 points were almost perfect (kw = 0.97–1.0). The current results suggested that the 5-point BCS system (using a scale from 1 to 5 with 0.25 increments) had substantial agreement for assessment and repeatability when applied to buffaloes.
Coming Together: Synthesizing Sex Therapy with Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy

Abstract The fields of couple therapy and sex therapy have historically been divided, with sex therapists focusing on sexual problems as fuel for relationship distress and couple therapists conceptualizing relationship distress as the root of sexual problems. Various researchers and clinicians have worked to integrate the two worlds by offering strategies for integrating sex therapy interventions into couple therapy, either by providing just the information necessary to address the sexual difficulty or by articulating how to utilize a sex therapy intervention within a specific couple therapy modality. However, limited literature exists that truly integrates sex therapy with specific couple therapies, actively accounting for the theoretical lenses held by both. This paper explores the conceptual fit between Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy (IBCT; Christensen, Doss, & Jacobson, Integrative behavioral couple therapy: A therapist’s guide to creating acceptance and change. Norton Professional Books, 2020) and modern sex therapy. To highlight this fit, we first review IBCT’s theory, process, and primary interventions and then summarize the current trends in the field of sex therapy. We outline the conceptual fit between IBCT and modern sex therapy, then provide a pragmatic model for how a therapist might integrate the two in practice, highlighted with a case example.
Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic-Resistant Genes and the Quantification of Antibiotics in Drinking Water Treatment Plants of Malaysia: Protocol for a Cross-sectional Study

Background Antimicrobial resistance is a known global public health threat. In addition, it brings serious economic consequences to agriculture. Antibiotic resistance in humans, animals, and environment is interconnected, as proposed in the tricycle surveillance by the World Health Organization. In Malaysia, research and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance are mainly performed in clinical samples, agricultural settings, and surface waters, but no surveillance of the drinking water systems has been performed yet. Hence, this policy-driven study is a combined effort of microbiologists and engineers to provide baseline data on the magnitude of antimicrobial resistance in the drinking water systems of Malaysia. Objective The aim of this study was to study the baseline level of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the drinking water distribution systems of Malaysia by collecting samples from the pretreatment and posttreatment outlets of water treatment plants in a selected state of Malaysia. We aimed to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant genes, and the level of antibiotics present in the drinking water systems. Methods This is a laboratory-based, cross-sectional study in a selected state of Malaysia. Water samples from 6 drinking water treatment plants were collected. Samples were collected at 3 sampling points, that is, the intake sampling station, service reservoir outlet station, and the distribution system sampling station. These were tested against 7 types of antibiotics in triplicates. Samples were screened for antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistant genes and quantified for the level of antibiotics present in the drinking water treatment plants. Results We will show the descriptive statistics of the number of bacterial colonies harvested from water samples grown on Reasoner’s 2A agar with or without antibiotics, the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant genes, and the level of antibiotics detected in the water samples. The sampling frame was scheduled to start from November 2021 and continue until December 2022. Data analysis is expected to be completed by early 2023, and the results are expected to be published in mid-2023. Conclusions This study provides baseline information on the status of the antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, the presence of resistance genes as contaminants, and the level of antibiotics present in the drinking water systems of Malaysia, with the aim of demonstrating to policymakers the need to consider antimicrobial resistance as a parameter in drinking water surveillance. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/37663
Redfield reduced dynamics and entanglement

In phenomenological applications, the time evolution of subsystems immersed in an external environment is sometimes described by Markovian semigroups of the Redfield type that have non-positive results: the appearance of negative probabilities is avoided by restricting the admissible initial conditions to those states that remain positive under the action of the dynamics. We show that this often adopted procedure may lead to physical inconsistencies in the presence of entanglement.
48-Week effectiveness and tolerability of dolutegravir (DTG) + lamivudine (3TC) in antiretroviral-naïve adults living with HIV: A multicenter real-life cohort

Background The main international guidelines indicate DTG/3TC therapy as one of the preferred regimens for people living with HIV (PLWH), due to its observed efficacy in randomized clinical trials. However, information in real-life cohorts is relatively scarce for first-line use. Methods A retrospective multicenter study of adult PLWH starting DTG+3TC as a first-line regimen before January 31st, 2020. Virological failure (VF) was defined as 2 consecutive HIV RNA viral load (VL) >50 copies/mL. Results 135 participants were included. Treatment was started without knowing baseline drug resistance testing (bDRT) results in 71.9% of cases, with baseline resistance mutations being later confirmed in 17 patients (12.6%), two of them with presence of M184V mutation. Effectiveness at week 48 was 85.2% (CI95%: 78.1–90.7%) (ITT missing = failure [M = F]) and 96.6% (CI 95%: 91.6–99.1%) (per-protocol analysis). Six patients (4.4%) discontinued treatment. One developed not confirmed VF after discontinuing treatment due to poor adherence; no resistance-associated mutations emerged. Three discontinued treatments due to central nervous system side effects (2.2%), and two due to a medical decision after determining the M184V mutation in bDRT. Finally, 14 (10.4%) were lost to follow-up, most of them due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions In a real-life multicenter cohort of ART-naïve PLWH, treatment initiation with DTG + 3TC showed high effectiveness and favorable safety results, comparable to those of randomized clinical trials, without treatment-emergent resistance being observed through week 48. Starting treatment before receiving the results of baseline drug resistance testing did not have an impact on the regimen’s effectiveness.
Evaluation of breastfeeding success and self-efficacy in mothers giving birth via vaginal delivery or cesarean section: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT This cross-sectional observational study was conducted to compare breastfeeding success and breastfeeding self-efficacy levels of mothers who gave birth via vaginal delivery (spontaneous or via epidural analgesia) or cesarean section (under general or spinal anesthesia). The study was conducted between September 2019 and February 2020 in the obstetric clinic. Data were collected using a Data Collection Form, the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF), and the LATCH Breastfeeding Evaluation Tool. Throughout the study, we followed the STROBE Checklist. Mothers who gave birth via spontaneous vaginal delivery had a statistically higher mean Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy score (54.92 ± 7.72; p < .001) than those who gave birth under spinal anesthesia (43.21 ± 10.04; p < .001) and then those who gave birth via cesarean section under general anesthesia (37.39 ± 10.64; p < .001). The difference between the delivery modes in terms of breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding success scores was statistically significant (respectively, KW = 40.168, p < .001 and KW = 52.420, p < .001). In order to increase the breastfeeding success of mothers who give birth via cesarean section under general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia, lactation nurses need to strengthen the perception of breastfeeding self-efficacy and provide more breastfeeding support to them compared to mothers who give birth via SVD.
Estimation of spectrum and parameters of relic gravitational waves using space-borne interferometers

We present a study of spectrum estimation of relic gravitational waves (RGWs) as a Gaussian stochastic background from output signals of future space-borne interferometers, like LISA and ASTROD. As the target of detection, the analytical spectrum of RGWs generated during inflation is described by three parameters: the tensor-scalar ratio, the spectral index and the running index. The Michelson interferometer is shown to have a better sensitivity than Sagnac and symmetrized Sagnac. For RGW detection, we analyze the auto-correlated signals for a single interferometer, and the cross-correlated, integrated as well as un-integrated signals for a pair of interferometers, and give the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for RGW, and obtain lower limits of the RGW parameters that can be detected. By suppressing noise level, a pair has a sensitivity 2 orders better than a single for one year observation. SNR of LISA will be 4–5 orders higher than that of Advanced LIGO for the default RGW. To estimate the spectrum, we adopt the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation, calculate the mean and covariance of signals, obtain the Gaussian probability density function (PDF) and the likelihood function, and derive expressions for the Fisher matrix and the equation of the ML estimate for the spectrum. The Newton-Raphson method is used to solve the equation by iteration. When the noise is dominantly large, a single LISA is not effective for estimating the RGW spectrum as the actual noise in signals is not known accurately. For cross-correlating a pair, the spectrum cannot be estimated from the integrated output signals either, and only one parameter can be estimated with the other two being either fixed or marginalized. We use the ensemble averaging method to estimate the RGW spectrum from the un-integrated output signals. We also adopt a correlation of un-integrated signals to estimate the spectrum and three parameters of RGW in a Bayesian approach. For all three methods, we provide simulations to illustrate their feasibility.
ALMA and RATIR observations of GRB 131030A

We report on the first open-use based Atacama Large Millimeter/submm Array (ALMA) 345-GHz observation for the late afterglow phase of GRB131030A. The ALMA observation constrained a deep limit at 17.1 d for the afterglow and host galaxy. We also identified a faint submillimeter source (ALMAJ2300-0522) near the GRB131030A position. The deep limit at 345 GHz and multifrequency observations obtained using {\it Swift} and RATIR yielded forward shock modeling with a two-dimensional relativistic hydrodynamic jet simulation and described X-ray excess in the afterglow. The excess was inconsistent with the synchrotron self-inverse Compton radiation from the forward shock. The host galaxy of GRB131030A and optical counterpart of ALMAJ2300-0522 were also identified in the SUBARU image. Based on the deep ALMA limit for the host galaxy, the 3-$\sigma$ upper limits of IR luminosity and the star formation rate (SFR) is estimated as $L_{IR}<1.11\times10^{11} L_{\odot}$ and SFR$<18.7$ ($M_{\odot}$~yr$^{-1}$), respectively. Although the separation angle from the burst location (3.5 arcsec) was rather large, ALMAJ2300-0522 may be one component of the GRB131030A host galaxy, according to previous host galaxy cases.
Flow cytometry in the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes

In hematologic neoplasms, the identification of recurrent diseaseassociated phenotypic features in general is followed after a prolonged period by the identification of disease-associated and even disease-defining genetic changes based on which specific treatment will be developed. As an example, for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) this has taken one and a half century from the first publication on morphology (Virchow, 1845) to the first report on a tyrosin-kinase inhibitor (Druker et al., 2001). For myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) the interval between publication of morphologic classification system (Bennett et al., 1982) and the most recent WHO classification applying genetic criteria for diagnostics (Khoury et al., 2022) the interval has been significantly shorter. For various reasons, the role of immunophenotypic features of MDS and their flow cytometric identification had been neglected for a long time. Following pivotal publication on the topic by Denise Wells and Mike Loken (Wells et al., 2003) flow cytometrists became increasingly interested and gathered together in 2007 at the MDS Foundation Conference in Florence, Italy, which proved to be the founding hour of the “ELN iMDS flow working group. ” Each member of the group has focused their research on assessing the diagnostic application of flow cytometry in MDS. Since 2007, the ELN iMDS flow working group has held yearly meetings to discuss progress in research activities as well as to divise consensus guideline publications aiming to apply flow cytometry in a valid manner for in the diagnostic setting of MDS (Porwit, 2014; van de Loosdrecht et al., 2009; van de Loosdrecht et al., 2013; Westers et al., 2012; Westers et al., 2017). These meetings allowed not only for continuous scientific discussion between experts from worldwide (i.e., although formed under the roof of the European LeukemiaNet members came from North America, Europe, Asia and Australia) but also for friendships reaching beyond any scientific scope. This Special Issue of Clinical Cytometry on the application of flow cytometry in the diagnostic setting of MDS comprises a variety of different papers from the ELN iMDS flow working group reaching from updated consensus guidelines over multi center studies to research results generated by the members of the group. It has been our pleasure to coordinate this group for one and a half decades and we hope the readers of the Special Issue enjoy reading the articles and get stimulated to add their research to the topic.
A protein microarray‐based serum proteomic investigation reveals distinct autoantibody signature in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been reported as the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The 5‐year annual survival is around 50%, mainly due to late diagnosis, striking necessity for early detection. This study aims to identify autoantibody in patients’ sera for early screening of cancer.
Global Characterization of the Weak Le Chatelier-Samuelson Principles and Its Applications to Economic Behavior, Preferences, and Utility-"Embedding" Theorems

Formal analogies between (dynamic) systems and economics have been pointed out by Paul A. Samuelson. The Le Chatelier-Samuelson principle, as a common property of extremum equilibrium (optimal) systems in respect to exogenous conditions, is such an analogy with theory of rational behavior and preference. The weak principle classifies a generalized weak principle. We shall argue that this generalized principle is "the economic integrability condition" itself in a broader sense and, going beyond that, asserts the existence of a maximal system so as for any affiliated systems, such as the equilibrium system, to be imbeddable therein. In consumer theory, this principle, with its identity with a maximal ordinal utility representation (without any regularity conditions), is implied by, or becomes equivalent for a non-satiable individual to, the (modified) strong axiom of revealed preference. The present characterization of the weak principles, making use of the mathematical results of R. Tyrrell Rockafellar [36, 37], completes Samuelson's general principle of economic method [40, pp. 22].
Arithmetic Problems Formulation and Working Memory Load

First, third, and fifth graders (French children in American-numbered grades) were asked to solve arithmetic problems in which an initial state was modified by two successive transformations. Three independent variables were manipulated systematically. First, the unknown state was either the final state (Sl) or the initial state (S2). Second, either the known state (01) or the transformations (02) appeared in the first place in the problem wording. Third, the question was either located at the end (Ql) or at the beginning (42) of the problem text. As anticipated, these modifications strongly affected the performances at every age: S1 appears clearly easier than S2; 0 1 leads to a better performance than 02; and Q1 is better than 42. The third graders participated in a second experiment in which they had to solve the same problems but with easier numbers. As in the first experiment, we found strong effects related to the problem types (S1 vs. S2) and to the place of the transformations in the problem. Howe.
Exploring the Confounding Factors of Academic Career Success: An Empirical Study with Deep Predictive Modeling

Understanding determinants of success in academic careers is critically important to both scholars and their employing organizations. While considerable research efforts have been made in this direction, there is still a lack of a quantitative approach to modeling the academic careers of scholars due to the massive confounding factors. To this end, in this paper, we try to mine the key factors of academic career success through an empirical and predictive modeling perspective, with a focus on two typical career honors, i.e. IEEE Fellow and ACM Fellow. Specifically, we first analyze the candidate’s nomination carefully and extract the probable factors of being a Fellow, e.g., scholarly productivity, scientific impact, gender, etc. Then for a scholar, we define the "scholarly distance" to measure the ability that he/she can recommend appropriate endorsers from existing Fellows as his/her nominators. Third, we propose both classification and regression models based on the same underlying neural network structure with self-attention mechanism, called Cls-Fellow and Reg-Fellow, to predict whether a candidate will be elected as a Fellow at current year and how many additional years it will take to be a Fellow. These two models could be helpful for scholars’ self-assessment. Extensive experiments on two Fellow datasets (IEEE Fellow and ACM Fellow) show that our proposed models can achieve great performance. Finally, we analyze the importance of different factors quantitatively, and obtain some insightful findings, such as the evolution of co-author networks between candidates and Fellows, the inequality of gender. We hope these derived factors and findings can help the scholars to improve their competitiveness and develop well in their academic career.
Deterministic Identification for MC ISI-Poisson Channel

Several applications of molecular communications (MC) feature an alarm-prompt behavior for which the prevalent Shannon capacity may not be the appropriate performance metric. The identification capacity as an alternative measure for such systems has been motivated and established in the literature. In this paper, we study deterministic identification (DI) for the discrete-time Poisson channel (DTPC) with intersymbol interference (ISI) where the transmitter is restricted to an average and a peak molecule release rate constraint. Such a channel serves as a model for diffusive MC systems featuring long channel impulse responses and employing molecule counting receivers. We derive lower and upper bounds on the DI capacity of the DTPC with ISI when the number of ISI channel taps $K$ may grow with the codeword length $n$ (e.g., due to increasing symbol rate). As a key finding, we establish that for deterministic encoding, the codebook size scales as $2^{(n\log n)R}$ assuming that the number of ISI channel taps scales as $K=2^{\kappa\log n}$, where $R$ is the coding rate and $\kappa$ is the ISI rate. Moreover, we show that optimizing $\kappa$ leads to an effective identification rate [bits/s] that scales linearly with $n$, which is in contrast to the typical transmission rate [bits/s] that is independent of $n$.