Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Fertilizers on the Alpine Meadow Plant and Soil N,P,K Contents

Fertilizer played an important role in the reestablishment and recover of degraded grassland.The mass fractions of soil total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available phosphorus,available potassium,plant total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available phosphorus and available potassium were tested for analyzing the effects of different fertilizing levels on the plant and soil nutrients at alpine meadow in this paper.Results showed that the mass fractions of plant total nitrogen,total potassium and soil N/P reached the maximum values at H9 treatment which were 13.80 g·kg~(-1),11.99 g·kg~(-1)and 16.16,respectively.Soil available phosphorus and plant total phosphorus reached the maximums values at H5 treatment which were 0.022 g·kg~(-1) and 9.18 g·kg~(-1),respectively.Plant total nitrogen had the maximum values(108.38 g·kg~(-1)) at H4 treatment and plant total potassium had the maximum values at H1 treatment.Plant N/P and N/K ratios had the maximum values at H4 treatment,which were 17.78and 7.06,respectively.Fertilizer was more important to plant nutrients than soil nutrients.These finds suggested that fertilizer significantly not only improved the total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available phosphorus,available potassium contents of both plant and soil,but affected the stoichiometric relationship between plant and soil nutrients.
Designing Composite Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels for Wound Healing Applications: The State-of-the-Art and Recent Discoveries

Effective wound treatment has become one of the most important challenges for healthcare as it continues to be one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Therefore, wound care technologies significantly evolved in order to provide a holistic approach based on various designs of functional wound dressings. Among them, hydrogels have been widely used for wound treatment due to their biocompatibility and similarity to the extracellular matrix. The hydrogel formula offers the control of an optimal wound moisture level due to its ability to absorb excess fluid from the wound or release moisture as needed. Additionally, hydrogels can be successfully integrated with a plethora of biologically active components (e.g., nanoparticles, pharmaceuticals, natural extracts, peptides), thus enhancing the performance of resulting composite hydrogels in wound healing applications. In this review, the-state-of-the-art discoveries related to stimuli-responsive hydrogel-based dressings have been summarized, taking into account their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hemostatic properties, as well as other effects (e.g., re-epithelialization, vascularization, and restoration of the tissue) resulting from their use.
Comment on “Cometary origin of atmospheric methane variations on Mars unlikely” by Roos‐Serote et al. 2016

the the hypothesis that atmospheric methane plumes noted on Mars may arise from UV photolysis of carbonaceous material deposited by meteor showers (hereafter the F15 hypothesis ). The reports from literature of atmospheric plumes of methane correlate with Mars/comet orbit interactions with a maximum period between interaction and detection of 16 days. To this remains the only known correlation between Martian atmospheric methane plumes and any other phenomenon. Roos-Serote and coauthors Roos-Serote et al. , hereafter RS16] a approach to testing the hypothesis based on comparing the dates of cometary orbit encounters with Mars with both detection and nondetection of methane. The authors are to be com-mended on their thorough statistical treatment of available data, but unfortunately, the use of nondetection events constitutes a signi cant logical ﬂ aw that prevents RS16 from rigorously challenging the hypothesis. This comment will discuss this issue and then suggest a robust, direct alternative method for testing the hypothesis.
The latest achievements of fundamental physics as a tool of “culture shock” in education

Specific topics from the field of the latest fundamental physics are proposed for their implementation in the educational process. It is proved that the considered ideas of elementary particle physics and cosmology contain stunning images. These are modern ideas about the structure of the Universe, about dark energy (cosmological vacuum), and the program for building a unified field theory, and the concept of a non-local observer in general relativity; and the accelerated expansion of the Universe with the Big Rip tendency of a Big Gap, and the geometrodynamic concept, and the multidimensional space-time of our Universe, and the superstring model, and the concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking of the cosmological vacuum. And finally, the anthropic principle. Their summary is given. These problems inevitably contribute to the formation of an association of surprise and surprise among students, which is a strong argument in favor of using shock pedagogy technologies. It is proved that the discussed issues serve the spiritual and moral enrichment of young people and the formation of personally significant qualities of their characters in contrast to the routine and moralistic attitudes traditionally used in the educational process. The question is raised about the need to allocate additional hours in the scope of the discipline “Physics” for students of natural science and engineering areas of training / specialties and to restore the status of the discipline “Concepts of modern natural science” for students of humanities / specialties.
Development of a Protocol for Risk Assessment of Microorganisms in Separate Stormwater Systems

Recent research has shown that the concentrations of microbial indicator organisms (e.g., fecal coliforms) in stormwater may be quite high. However, studies have not clearly established relationships between the concentrations of indicator organisms and microbial pathogens in stormwater, or between stormwater indicator organism concentrations and illness. Thus, it is difficult to interpret indicator data collected by local public agencies in the context of potential risk to human health. The primary objective of this investigation was to generate guidance to enable more accurate and defensible evaluations of stormwater microorganism data and the associated risks to human health from exposure to microbial pathogens in stormwater. The investigation consisted of three major tasks: reviewing and summarizing relevant published literature, conducting a web-based data questionnaire and developing a science-directed data collection plan. Topics discussed include: 1. waterborne pathogens that pose the greatest risk to human health, 2. concentrations of pathogens and indicator organisms observed in stormwater, 3. defensible relations between indicator organisms and pathogens of public health concern in stormwater, 4. the environmental fate of pathogens and indicator organisms in stormwater, 5. the use of microbial source tracking (MST) techniques to identify sources of fecal contamination, and 6. the effectiveness of stormwater microorganism control technologies and associated costs. Additionally, recommended next steps needed to enable defensible evaluations of stormwater microorganism data and the associated risk to human health from exposure to stormwater are presented. Next steps include the development of interim guidance for management prioritization, pathogens enumeration method development, and pilot and nation-wide data collection programs. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781843397670 (Print) ISBN: 9781780403809 (eBook)
Manipulating Pre-Trained Encoder for Targeted Poisoning Attacks in Contrastive Learning

In recent years, contrastive learning has become very powerful for representation learning using large-scale unlabeled data, by involving pre-trained encoders to fine-tune downstream classifiers. However, the latest research indicates that contrastive learning can potentially suffer from the risks of data poisoning attacks, where the attacker injects maliciously crafted poisoned samples into the unlabeled pre-training data. To step forward, in this paper, we present a more stealthy poisoning attack dubbed PA-CL to directly poison the pre-trained encoder, such that the downstream classifier’s behavior on a single target instance to the attacker-desired class can be manipulated without affecting the overall downstream classification performance. We observe that a high similarity exists between the feature representation generated by the poisoned pre-trained encoder for the target sample and samples from the attacker-desired class. This leads to the downstream classifier misclassifying the target sample with the attacker-desired class. Therefore, we formulate our attack as an optimization problem, and design two novel loss functions, namely, the target effectiveness loss to effectively poison the pre-trained encoder, and the model utility loss to maintain the downstream classification performance. Experimental results on four real-world datasets demonstrate that the attack success rate of the proposed attack is 40% higher on average than that of the three baseline attacks, and the fluctuation of the downstream classifier’s prediction accuracy is within 5%.
Are the Dietary–Nutritional Recommendations Met? Analysis of Intake in Endurance Competitions

Background: In recent decades the number of endurance events has increased, as well as the number of athletes participating in them. Adequate nutritional and water planning is essential to maintain optimal sports performance and to reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal problems. The main objective of this study is to determine the dietary intake and compliance with nutritional recommendations of athletes in two endurance competitions, as well as to assess the incidence of gastrointestinal complaints. Methods: An observational and cross-sectional study was carried out on the consumption of liquids, food, and supplements in 42 triathletes and mountain runners (MRs) participating in a Vi-Half-Gasteiz triathlon and the Ultra Sierra de Cazorla trail run. At the completion of the trials, participants completed a validated questionnaire (NIQEC). Results: The mean caloric intake during the test of the participants in this study was 192.17 kcal/h, while the mean carbohydrate intake was 43.67 g/h, the mean sodium intake was 267.43 mg/h, and the mean caffeine intake was 15.53 mg/h, with no significant differences between the two sports. The amount of liquids consumed by the participants was 421.21 mL/h, with no significant differences between the triathletes and MRs. As for gastrointestinal problems, it was observed that the participants presented gastrointestinal discomfort in 61.9% of the cases. Conclusions: The intakes of energy, carbohydrates, water, sodium, and caffeine were lower than the current recommendations. There were no differences in the energy, carbohydrate, water, sodium, and caffeine intakes between the triathletes and mountain runners. Gastrointestinal problems showed a high prevalence in these athletes.
IMPLEMENTASI INTELIJEN BISNIS UNTUK VISUALISASI POLA PEMBELIAN DENGAN ALGORITMA FP-GROWTH

Penelitian ini mencoba menggali pola pembelian pelanggan di Noble Coffee, sebuah kafe di Yogyakarta. Dengan menggunakan algoritma FP-Growth, analisis data dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi aturan asosiasi antar produk dan kategori dengan penjualan tertinggi. Visualisasi data dilakukan melalui platform Power BI, memungkinkan pemahaman mendalam tentang perilaku pembelian pelanggan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan beberapa aturan asosiasi yang signifikan, seperti hubungan antara produk "King" dengan berbagai menu lainnya seperti "Mix Plater" dan "Café Latte". Analisis ini memberikan wawasan tentang produk yang sering dibeli bersamaan, memungkinkan Noble Coffee untuk merancang strategi penjualan yang lebih efektif. Penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya analisis data dan visualisasi dalam mendukung keputusan bisnis. Melalui pendekatan ini, perusahaan dapat memahami kebutuhan pelanggan dengan lebih baik, meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan, dan mengoptimalkan operasional mereka. Kesimpulannya, analisis data berbasis algoritma FP-Growth dan visualisasi menggunakan Power BI dapat menjadi instrumen yang efektif dalam memahami perilaku pelanggan dan meningkatkan kinerja bisnis kafe seperti Noble Coffee.
Mid-Infrared Hollow-Core Waveguide Gas Sensor for Low-Concentration Sulfur Hexafluor Detection

Sulfur hexafluoride gas (SF6) is widely used in various electrical insulating equipment in the electric power industry. In this paper, a novel mid-infrared hollow-core fiber (HCF) gas sensor based on infrared spectral absorption is proposed for low-concentration SF6 leakage detection. The fiber was coupled with the mid-infrared source and detector directly through a mechanical process interface. With a narrow filter, target gas absorption band light was filtered out. The optimal length of the optical fiber is derived by theoretical modeling and optimization solutions. The experimental results show that the sensor has sub-ppm measurement limitation for SF6 gas by utilizing a Lab-view-based digital dual-phase lock-in amplifier. The calibration results of SF6 standard gas at concentrations of 0.5 ppm, 2.45 ppm, 4.9 ppm, and 9.92 ppm show that the detection error of the sensor is less than 1%. Repeatability test results show the sensor can achieve high stability and low zero drift. It provides a compact and low-cost solution for low-concentration SF6 detection in the environment.
Facing a Physiological Crossroad: Response of an Intertidal Sculpin to a Multi-stressor Challenge

As we move into the Anthropocene, organisms inhabiting marine environments will continue to face growing challenges associated with changes in ocean pH (ocean acidification), dissolved oxygen (dead zones) and temperature. These factors, in combination with naturally variable environments such as the rocky intertidal, may create extreme physiological challenges for organisms that are already performing near their biological limits. Although numerous studies have examined the impacts of climate related stressors on intertidal animals, little is known about the underlying physiological mechanisms driving adaptation to ocean acidification and how this may alter organism interactions, particularly in marine vertebrates. Therefore, we have investigated the effects of decreased ocean pH on the hypoxia response of an intertidal sculpin, Clinocottus analis. We used both whole animal and biochemical based analyses to examine how the energetic demands associated with acclimation to low pH environments may impact the fish’s reliance on facultative air breathing in low oxygen environments. Our study demonstrated that acclimation to OA results in elevated routine metabolic rates (RMR) and acid base regulatory capacity (Na/K ATPase activity). These in turn had down stream effects that resulted in decreased hypoxia tolerance (i.e. elevated Pcrit). Furthermore, we present evidence that these fish may be living near their physiological capacity when challenged by ocean acidification. This serves as a reminder that the susceptibility of teleost fish to changes in ocean pH may be underestimated, particularly when considering the multiple stressors that many experience in their natural environments.
A method to judge slope failures using soil moisture characteristics

Slope failures often occur in Japan, and they frequently result from an increase in the moisture content of the soil. Thus, it is important to consider soil water content. In this study, we carried out a series of laboratory experiments to evaluate changes in soil moisture during rainfall. In the experiments, we constructed a model slope in which we installed 10 soil moisture sensors. The results indicated that the volumetric water content in the slope increased with rainfall, and the increments in volumetric water content were affected by the intensity of the rainfall. Then, using the experimental results, we developed a technique for judging slope failure risk based on absolute values of volumetric water content and rainfall characteristics. Our proposed method will be useful in judging the risk of slope failure because the criteria for the method are based not only on the precipitation but also on the soil moisture in-situ.
The visual virtual tourist guide: a markerless camera-based LBS system

This work was motivated by the goal of building a wearable virtual tourist system that could guide people around in large complex environments. It must yield a precise localization, even in situations in which Global Positioning Systems (GPS) cannot provide navigational information, including include indoor locations and narrow streets where there is no line of sight to the GPS satellites. Because installing active badges or beacon systems involves substantial effort and expense, we have developed a system which localizes solely based on naturally occurring landmarks. As sensory input, we only use a panoramic camera system which provides omnidirectional images of the environment. During the training stage, the system is led around in the environment while recording images at regular time intervals. Offline, these images are automatically archived in a world model. Unlike traditional approaches we don’t build an Euclidean metrical map. The used world model is a graph reflecting the topological structure of the environment: e.g. for indoor environments rooms are nodes and corridors are edges of the graph. Image comparison is done using both global color measures and matching of specially developed local features. These measures are designed to be robust, respectively invariant, to image distortions caused by viewpoint changes, illumination changes and occlusions. This leads to a system that can recognize a certain place even if its location is not exactly the same as the location from where the reference image was taken, even if the illumination is substantially different, and even if there are large occluded parts. Using this world model, localization can be done by comparing a new query image, taken at the current position of the mobile system, with the images in the model. A Bayesian framework makes it possible to track the system’s position in quasi real time. When the present location is known, context­sensitive touristical information can be given to the tourist, or a path to a target location can be carried out using the topological map.
The role of precipitation and salinity effect in multi-decadal changes and long-term trends of the Indonesian Throughflow

Multi-decadal variability of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) is crucial for the Indo-Pacific and global climate due to significant inter-basin exchanges of heat and freshwater. Previous studies suggest that both wind and buoyancy forcing may drive ITF variability, but the role of precipitation and salinity effect in the variability of ITF on multi-decadal time scales remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the multi-decadal changes and long-term trend in the ITF transport during the past six decades, with a focus on the role of precipitation and halosteric contribution. The diverse datasets consistently indicate a substantial upward trend in the halosteric component of geostrophic transport of ITF in the outflow region at 114°E during the six decades. We find that the meridional differences of salinity trend in the outflow region explain the increase of the halosteric component of ITF transport. On a larger scale, the tropical western Pacific Ocean and Indonesian seas have experienced significant freshening, which has strengthened the Indo-Pacific pressure gradient and thus enhanced the ITF. In contrast, the equatorial trade wind in the western Pacific Ocean has weakened over recent decades, implying that changes in wind forcing have contributed to weakening the ITF. The combined effect of strengthened halosteric and weakened thermosteric components has resulted in a weak strengthening for the total ITF with large uncertainties. Although both the thermosteric and halosteric components are associated with natural climate modes, our results suggest that the importance of salinity effect is likely increasing given the enhanced water cycle under global warming.
Embedding a Problem Graph into Serious Games for Efficient Traversal Through Game Space

Serious games have been widely used as medium of instruction in various domains. A serious game is composed of various exercises a player has to accomplish in order to achieve the final goal. Each exercise is designed using a set of concepts that a player has to achieve proficiency in. The design of problems is of greater importance in such scenarios than the physical game design. However, traversal through the game is challenging for users with no gaming experience. Spatial distribution of these exercises in the game may influence the learning potential of a player, especially when the exercises have a conceptual dependency associated with them. Our approach in this project is to map the problem graph on to a selected environment in the game for efficient traversal through the game space. Towards this goal, we plan to explore existing environments from Unreal Engine with possible locations for exercises. We will study the theory of graph embedding used to map multi-threaded programs to high performance architecture topologies and explore their adaptation to the problem of exercise distribution in serious game environments.
Modelos exatos para alocação do Root Sequence Index

Since its introduction, mobile wireless communication has grown and changed substantially. This massive growth leads to different levels of complexity, mainly concerned with the assignment of different parameters to antennas or base stations. One parameter is the Root Sequence Index (RSI), related to the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preambles, used to allocate uplink channels between the user equipment and the base station. The assignment of RSIs close-in-range to neighbor antennas may cause collisions, which are responsible for failures on service