Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prosocial Behavior in Caregivers to Older Adults with Chronic Conditions

In the United States, 1 in 9 adults 65 years of age and older have Alzheimer’s disease. Thus, there is an urgent need for caregivers to support individuals with Alzheimer’s disease, and other chronic diseases of aging. However, due to the challenging physical and emotional nature of caregiving, caregivers are at risk for experiencing chronic stress and burnout which can negatively impact the well‐being of both the care recipient and the caregiver. The purpose of the present study is to examine the degree to which currently serving in a caregiving role affects individuals’ capacity to empathize and exhibit prosocial behavior towards others.
Symmetry Methods for Differential Equations: A Beginner's Guide

1. Introduction to symmetries 1.1. Symmetries of planar objects 1.2. Symmetries of the simplest ODE 1.3. The symmetry condition for first-order ODEs 1.4. Lie symmetries solve first-order ODEs 2. Lie symmetries of first order ODEs 2.1. The action of Lie symmetries on the plane 2.2. Canonical coordinates 2.3. How to solve ODEs with Lie symmetries 2.4. The linearized symmetry condition 2.5. Symmetries and standard methods 2.6. The infinitesimal generator 3. How to find Lie point symmetries of ODEs 3.1 The symmetry condition. 3.2. The determining equations for Lie point symmetries 3.3. Linear ODEs 3.4. Justification of the symmetry condition 4. How to use a one-parameter Lie group 4.1. Reduction of order using canonical coordinates 4.2. Variational symmetries 4.3. Invariant solutions 5. Lie symmetries with several parameters 5.1. Differential invariants and reduction of order 5.2. The Lie algebra of point symmetry generators 5.3. Stepwise integration of ODEs 6. Solution of ODEs with multi-parameter Lie groups 6.1 The basic method: exploiting solvability 6.2. New symmetries obtained during reduction 6.3. Integration of third-order ODEs with sl(2) 7. Techniques based on first integrals 7.1. First integrals derived from symmetries 7.2. Contact symmetries and dynamical symmetries 7.3. Integrating factors 7.4. Systems of ODEs 8. How to obtain Lie point symmetries of PDEs 8.1. Scalar PDEs with two dependent variables 8.2. The linearized symmetry condition for general PDEs 8.3. Finding symmetries by computer algebra 9. Methods for obtaining exact solutions of PDEs 9.1. Group-invariant solutions 9.2. New solutions from known ones 9.3. Nonclassical symmetries 10. Classification of invariant solutions 10.1. Equivalence of invariant solutions 10.2. How to classify symmetry generators 10.3. Optimal systems of invariant solutions 11. Discrete symmetries 11.1. Some uses of discrete symmetries 11.2. How to obtain discrete symmetries from Lie symmetries 11.3. Classification of discrete symmetries 11.4. Examples.
From Plan to Impact ‐ progress towards targets of the WHO Global action plan on dementia

The WHO Global action plan on the public health response to dementia 2017‐2025 was universally adopted by Member States in 2017. Every year since, Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI) has produced the report ‘From Plan to Impact’ reviewing progress and barriers towards the goals of the plan, including the development of national dementia plans worldwide and shining a light on the challenges, responses and innovation around the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Modeled Impact of APOE4 Genotype on ARIA‐E Incidence in Patients Treated With Lecanemab

Lecanemab is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that preferentially targets soluble aggregated Aβ species with activity at insoluble fibrils. A multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 2 study (Study 201 Core) was conducted in 856 patients with early Alzheimer’s disease (EAD). Patients could optionally participate in an open label extension (OLE) study at a dose of 10 mg/kg bi‐weekly (Q2W). Amyloid related imaging abnormalities — edema/effusion (ARIA‐E) was a main adverse event of special interest. Incidence of ARIA‐E was lecanemab dose‐dependent and greater in APOE4 carriers. A previously presented logistic model found steady‐state Cmax was a predictor of ARIA‐E incidence and more likely in APOE4 carriers (Hussein, 2019).
Optimization of Structures Using Improved Genetic Algorithms for Discrete Variables

Genetic algorithms (GA) have been shown to be very effective optimization tools for a number of engineering problems. Genetic algorithms which are based upon the principles of Darwinian evolution explores the region of the whole solution space and can obtain the golbal optimum. This paper introduces the standard GA and the forward-and-back search algorithms (FBSA) and demonstrates the use of improved genetic algorithms (IGA) for structure optimization of discrete variables. The mathematical model of structural optimization is derived. A 10-bar benchmark example is studied, the result shows that IGA, as an efficient method,can be applied to structure optimization of discrete variables.
Validation, calibration, revision and combination of prognostic survival models

The problem of assessing the validity and value of prognostic survival models presented in the literature for a particular population for which some data has been collected is discussed. Methods are sketched to perform validation through calibration', that is by embedding the literature model in a larger calibration model. This general approach is exemplified for x-year survival probabilities, Cox regression and general non-proportional hazards models. Some comments are made on basic structural changes to the model, described as revision'. Finally, general methods are discussed to combine models from different sources. The methods are illustrated with a model for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma validated on a Dutch data set.
Optical emission in the radio lobes of radio galaxies. II. New observations of 21 radio lobes.

We report new identifications of optical emission associated with the radio lobes of double radio galaxies. In addition to optical emission reported earlier, optical emission is present in the outer radio structure of the sources 3C 219, 3C 244.1, 3C 247, 3C 252, 3C 268.2, 3C 321, 3C 319, 3C 337, and possibly in 3C 330. We have not found emission to our detection limit of Vapprox.24 in the sources 3C 79, 3C 173.1, 3C 223, 3C 325, and 3C 381. Of the 21 separate sources in optical studies of extended lobes of radiogalaxies reported to date, 16 radio sources observed so far show significant optical emission within one or both lobes, while in 11 of these the optical object is within 2'' of the radio peak. Some patterns may be emerging in the presence or absence of optical emission.
Inventory of natural processes with nautical charts, real-time kinematic global navigation satellite systems (RTK-GNSS), and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), Trindade Island, Brazil

The volcanic Trindade Island is a remote Brazilian offshore territory in the South Atlantic, located ca. 1.140 kilometers east of the southeast coast of Brazil. The island’s permanent exposure to geological hazards requires assessment. However, the lack of erosion and landslides temporal data impedes predictive geohazard analyses. Therefore, we compiled pre-existing data from nautical charts and surveyed the surface terrain on Trindade Island to generate Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) and comparative accuracy analyses. The DTM based on pre-existing data shows the lowest accuracy (root mean square error – RMSE: 12.3 m) yet is adequate for regional studies. In contrast, the DTM developed from real-time kinematic global navigation satellite systems (RTK-GNSS) has the highest vertical accuracy (RMSE: 0.48 m), but spatial variability of ground elements was underestimated and limited to meter-sized (and larger) elements. The DTM obtained using the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with ground control points (GCP), on the other hand, presented lower accuracy (RMSE: 2.37 m) than the RTK-GNSS model but still allowed observation of centimetric (and larger) ground features. For geohazard assessment on Trindade Island, models that allow fine-scale studies are needed. A UAV with GCP provides such standards and proved to be the most viable option in remote and complex sites as well. Hence, this study, the first to allow multi-temporal analysis of geohazard assessment on Trindade Island, offers a viable solution for similar analyses in other remote locations.
Ketotic hypoglycemia in patients with Down syndrome: an example of extreme citizen science in biomedicine

a Ketotic Hypoglycemia International, Kaergaardvej 21, Skanderborg, Denmark b User Perspective and Community-based interventions, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9B, 1st floor, Odense, Denmark c Center for Research with Patients and Relatives, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 8D, entrance 102, Odense, Denmark d University of Connecticut, 200 Academic Way, Farmingston, Connecticut, USA e Novo Nordisk, Cell Therapy, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Maaloev, Denmark f University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter EX1 2LU g Hans Christian Andersens Children’s Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 23C, entrance 60, Odense, Denmark h Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 4, Odense, Denmark i Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 19, 3. , Odense Denmark
Equipment replacement under technological change

For infinite‐horizon replacement economy problems it is common practice to truncate the problem at some finite horizon. We develop bounds on the error due to such a truncation. These bounds differ from previous results in that they include both revenues and costs. Bounds are illustrated through a numerical example from a real case in vehicle replacement. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Impact of humanitarian crises on diabetes care in Iraq and Syria—IDF-MENA region

This short review tried to discuss the factors that affect diabetes care during humanitarian crises after the political and military conflicts in post-2003 Iraq and post-2011 Syria. The pattern of the devastating effect of the conflicts on the suboptimal healthcare system and infrastructure is quite similar. Both countries’ long-term and continuous geopolitical instability and security concerns were barriers to applying any disaster preparedness plans. They had markedly exhausted diabetes care in these countries with similar mixed public and private healthcare systems. The influx of huge numbers of refugees with chronic diseases, especially diabetes, in the neighboring host countries created pressure on the healthcare systems. It urged some changes in the national policies with the needed help from the aid organizations to an extent. The internal displacement problem for huge nationals in their country exhausted the already exhausted healthcare facilities, with more burdens on the effective equal provision of diabetes-related medication and management tools. Still, diabetes care is not included as a vital part of the mitigation plans during crises in both countries, with the main concern the communicable rather than non-communicable diseases. Type 1 diabetes mellitus received less care during the crisis in both countries, with the insulin shortage being their major concern. The availability and affordability of diabetes medications in camp and non-camp settings were suboptimal and unsatisfactory. More active planning is needed to build a well-prepared healthcare system with diabetes care as an integral part.
Exhaled nitric oxide in asthma: from diagnosis to management

Purpose of review Exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is a noninvasive marker of eosinophilic airway inflammation, therefore, highly informative in asthma. Although FENO measurement is a potentially accessible tool to many physicians, recommendations regarding its clinical utility in diagnosing or tailoring treatment have not reached the expected diffusion. More recently FENO emerged as a biomarker for type-2 asthma phenotyping and a predictor of response to biologics. Recent findings The physiological discoveries and relevant acquisitions in clinical practice regarding FENO in asthma are presented. The FENO story draw a wavy path, characterized by promising findings, exciting confirmations and periods of low visibility. FENO emerged as a tool to increase the probability of asthma diagnosis. FENO predicts response to inhaled glucocorticoids (ICS), favoring the development of tailored treatment strategies and unrevealing nonadherence to ICS in difficult-to-treat or uncontrolled asthma. Finally, FENO was associated with a more severe phenotype and became a consolidated biomarker of type-2 inflammation. Summary FENO demonstrated to be a noninvasive and very reproducible test, encompassing many applications in the field of asthma management. Its routinely use, according to international guidelines, may improve the quality of patient assistance, from difficult-to-treat cases to biologic monitoring.
Challenges and opportunities in shared care for international patients treated with cellular therapy for nonmalignant disease

As cellular therapies gradually become the mainstay of treatment for several nonmalignant diseases, there appears to be varied accessibility to these therapies globally. Despite considerable burden of nonmalignant conditions, such as sickle cell disease, thalassemia, and aplastic anemia in populations of low–middle-income countries, the utilization of cellular therapies remain sparse because of lack of resources. Globally, the frequency of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) has increased disproportionately in countries with higher gross national income (GNI) per capita, governmental healthcare expenditures, and a high human development index. This leads to a large subset of international patients seeking care in the United States. This review summarizes the unique set of challenges that often arise when offering sophisticated therapies such as HSCT to international patients constituting of cross-cultural, logistical, financial, and medical challenges and the opportunities that are available to bridge the gap.
Rawls’s theory of international justice: a brief reconstruction and critical commentary

The aim of this paper is to offer a concise and faithful account of Rawls’ theory of international justice, in an effort, first, to elucidate the structure of the argument that is advanced in that theory and, second, to present a critical assessment of it. The critical assessment section attempts, on the one hand, to cope with crucial methodological issues, which have a more general bearing upon Rawls’s overall political philosophical position, including the constructivist perspective of theory making and the division between a political conception and a comprehensive doctrine; on the other hand, to weigh up a set of substantive claims made in the Rawlsian theory of international justice including the recognition of peoples as the fundamental subjects of international law, the toleration of the so-called decent peoples and the considerably thin construal of human rights encompassed in The Law of Peoples . The paper attempts to provide a series of reasons that could be well- suited to explicate its author’s doubts about the soundness of the Rawlsian theoretical perspective with regard to both its formal methodological features and its more content-oriented convictions.
Normalization for vocal tract differences using long term average spectrum.

Differences in vocal tract size and anatomy lead to substantial differences in acoustic realization of vowels. Much of the variability in vocal tract area functions is captured in the area function of the “neutral” (non‐articulating) vocal tract of each talker. A listener could perceptually normalize talker variability substantially by extracting the neutral vocal tract and using it as a referent. Alternatively, the listener could extract the auditory representation of the output of the neutral tract and use it as a referent for the auditory representation of the vowel space. We will present such a model of perceptual talker normalization for vowels and demonstrate its effectiveness for a variety of vocal tract shapes and lengths. Additionally, we will provide evidence that this normalization may be implemented in an auditory process that (i) extracts the long term average spectrum from running speech (providing an estimate of the neutral vowel), (ii) represents new input relative to this spectral average.
Relative Bias Parameters from Angular Correlations of Optical and IRAS Galaxies

The galaxy distributions in the optical catalogs UGC and ESO are compared with those in the IRAS sample by calculating the auto- and cross-angular correlation functions. It is found that each angular correlation function is well approximated by the form w(theta) = A (theta exp 1-gamma) out to an angular distance of 5 deg, with gamma = 1.7. 32 refs.
Macrotile: Toward QoE-Aware and Energy-Efficient 360-Degree Video Streaming

Tile-based streaming techniques have been widely used to save bandwidth in 360<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${}^{\circ }$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mo>∘</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="chen-ieq1-3233022.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> video streaming. However, it is a challenge to determine the right tile size which directly affects the bandwidth usage. Moreover, downloading and processing many small tiles consume a large amount of energy on mobile devices. To solve this problem, we propose to encode the video by taking into account the viewing popularity, where the popularly viewed areas are encoded as macrotiles. We propose techniques for identifying and building macrotiles, and adjusting their sizes to take into account practical issues such as head movement randomness. In some cases, the user's viewing area may not be covered by the constructed macrotiles, and then the conventional tiling scheme is used. To support macrotile based 360<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${}^{\circ }$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mo>∘</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="chen-ieq2-3233022.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> video streaming, the client selects the right tiles (a macrotile or a set of conventional tiles) with the right quality level to maximize the QoE under bandwidth constraint. We formulate this problem as an optimization problem which is NP-hard, and then propose a heuristic algorithm to solve it. Through extensive evaluations based on real head movement traces, we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve QoE, save bandwidth usage, and reduce energy consumption.
Ground vehicle navigation in harsh urban conditions by integrating inertial navigation system, global positioning system, odometer and vision data

Combining GPS/INS/odometer data has been considered one of the most attractive methodologies for ground vehicle navigation. In the case of long GPS signal blockages inherent to complex urban environments, however, the accuracy of this approach is largely deteriorated. To overcome this limitation, this study proposes a novel ground vehicle navigation system that combines INS, odometer and omnidirectional vision sensor. Compared to traditional cameras, omnidirectional vision sensors can acquire much more information from the environment thanks to their wide field of view. The proposed system automatically extracts and tracks vanishing points in omnidirectional images to estimate the vehicle rotation. This scheme provides robust navigation information: specifically by combining the advantages of vision, odometer and INS, we estimate the attitude without error accumulation and at a fast running rate. The accurate rotational information is fed back into a Kalman filter to improve the quality of the INS bridging in harsh urban conditions. Extensive experiments have demonstrated that the proposed approach significantly reduces the accumulation of position, velocity and attitude errors during simulated GPS outages. Specifically, the position accuracy is improved by over 30% during simulated GPS outages.
Infrared and radio emission from S0 galaxies

Far-IR data are presented on 74 early-type S0 galaxies that were selected on the basis of the availability of radio-continuum measurements. Most of the galaxies are detected at IR wavelengths with IRAS, indicating the presence of a cold interstellar medium (ISM) in these galaxies. The mass of gas in these systems is estimated to lie in the range of 10 to the 7th to 10 to the 10th solar. The most massive ISM in some S0s approaches that found in some spirals. The brighter IR-emitting galaxies all lie close to a relationship established for gas-rich spiral galaxies. None of these galaxies have large ratio fluxes, suggesting that strong nuclear radio sources or extended radio lobes and jets are absent or suppressed. Strong radio emission is found among those galaxies that are either faint or not detected at IR wavelengths. The absence of an ISM suggests that these galaxies are of an earlier type that those that have large IR fluxes. 38 references.
Grasping Simulation of an Underactuated Finger Mechanism for Larm Hand

Abstract In this paper, the grasp operation of an underactuated finger mechanism is simulated with the aim to characterize and analyze its performance. The design of the proposed mechanism is based on spring systems that give suitable underactuation characteristics. A CAD model is proposed and then it is used in a procedure for numerical simulation. Simulation results show suitable capability for grasping a wide range of objects in size and shape by operating the mechanism inside the finger body. The achieved grasp has been simulated as a human-like functionality with a grasp contact in each phalanx.
Bifurcation Analysis at a Singular Soliton State in Fiber Couplers

Abstract The system describes pulses in nonlinear fiber couplers. It has the family (U1+λ, -U1+λ), -1 < λ < ∞, of soliton states (that is, homoclinic solutions to the origin), where For λ ≥ 1, the equilibrium (0, 0) is not hyperbolic and therefore the soliton state (U1+λ, −U1+λ) can be qualified as “singular”. In N. Akhmediev and A. Ankiewicz [1], it is observed numerically that a branch of homoclinic solutions bifurcates subcritically at λ = 1 from the family (U1+λ, −U1+λ). The aim of the present paper is to give a rigorous proof of the existence of this bifurcation, as desired in A. Ambrosetti and D. Arcoya [3]. A particular feature of the present problem is that the linearized system at (U2, −U2) has a non-constant bounded solution that does not vanish at infinity. Hence the bifurcating homoclinic solutions have a transient “spatial” region where they are well described with the help of this bounded function. Moreover the decay to 0 is governed by two different scales, the larger one originating from the singular aspect of (U2, −U2). The existence proof developed here relies on the “broken geodesic” technique to match the inside transient region with the outside region.
A Robust Sparse Signal Recovery Method for Perturbed Compressed Sensing Based on Max-min Residual Regularization

Compressive sensing (CS) is a new signal acquisition framework for sparse and compressible signals with a sampling rate much below the Nyquist rate. In this work, we consider the problem of perturbed compressive sensing (CS) with uncertainty in the measurement matrix as well as in the measurements. In order to eliminate the effects of measurement matrix uncertainty, this paper proposed a robust reconstruction method based on max-min residual regularization. We also deduced the solver of the optimization model with the sub-gradient algorithm. Simulation and numerical results shown that the proposed recovery method performs better than the traditional reconstruction methods.