Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Off-line uninterruptible power supply with zero transfer time using integrated magnetics

An offline uninterruptible power supply (UPS) or emergency power system with zero transfer time is presented. The principal application is to personal computers and systems. The power transformer, a triport-like transformer, acts as an inverter and as a voltage stabilizer with no external loading coil. It is made with commercial EI scrapless laminations. The battery charging circuit is integrated into the transformer and improves the dynamic output response during line-mode operation. The result is robust, short-circuit-proof equipment with harmonic distortion of lower than 3%, a static output stability better than 1.5%, and a very high reliability. >
The Link Between Conceptual and Perceptual Information in Memory

Switching on a lamp, searching for our keys, and interpreting a street sign, all draw on incoming perceptual input and our semantic memory of concepts. In fact, we are continually linking conceptual knowledge with perception. It is perhaps not a surprise, then, that the field of conceptual processing is broad, with questions that touch upon perception, semantic memory, learning, language, and categorization, among others. This chapter is not intended to be exhaustive, but highlights a set of issues that lie at the intersection of perceptual and conceptual processing in memory. These terms—“perceptual” and “conceptual”—are easily defined at their extremes, but less so at their intersection. Coming back to a previous example, switching on a lamp requires the perceptual (i.e., sensory-grounded) process of detecting its shape—a basic function of the visual system. On the other hand, understanding a lamp’s function or features that are necessary (connected to outlet, working bulb) versus optional (outside markings), are conceptual processes that are based in semantic memory. This distinction is less clear-cut when input from semantic memory and perception interact. For instance, noticing that a lamp is unusually small or large requires knowing the typical size of lamps, and identifying this lamp’s size from visual size cues (the domain of real-world size is discussed further below). The link between conceptual and perceptual information in memory is an important topic: The organization of perceptual and conceptual systems is central to understanding relevant neurological deterioration (Fujimori et al., 1997). Patients with semantic dementia frequently experience failures in object memory (Fuld et al., 1990) and associated knowledge (Hodges & Patterson, 2007). In fact, semantic dementia patients can be particularly vulnerable to memory failures for Marc N. Coutanche Conceptual and perceptual information
Road safety through video detection

Automatic incident detection has become a necessity for the ever increasing traffic density on most major roads. Effective incident management completely depends on fast incident detection and fast incident verification. While video detection handles both traffic data collection and automatic incident detection, its incident detection shows a high detection rate, a short time to detect, a fast incident control and a low false alarm rate. These characteristics make video extremely useful for reaching incident management goals such as fast and effective intervention or secondary incident prevention. Two specific applications are discussed in detail: the video and congestion monitoring system and the mobile road works monitoring system.
Nanocellulose and Microcellulose Fibers for Concrete

A study was conducted in which a reactive powder concrete was reinforced with a combination of nanocellulose and microcellulose fibers to increase the toughness of an otherwise brittle material. These fibers could provide the benefit of other micro- and nanofiber reinforcement systems at a fraction of the cost. An empirical investigation into the effects of several different reinforcement schemes on processing parameters and mechanical properties of a reactive powder concrete mixture was conducted. In particular, notched-beam tests were performed under crack-mouth opening displacement control to measure fracture energy under stable crack-growth conditions. Preliminary results show that the addition of up to 3% micro- and nanofibers in combination increased the fracture energy by more than 50% relative to the unrein-forced material, with little change in processing procedure. Splitting tensile tests were also performed for comparison with beam-bending tests. Current work focuses on applying high-resolution three-dimensional imaging techniques to better quantify the physical microstructures and the corresponding shifts in damage mechanisms that lead to higher toughness.
Discrete Element Modelling of Pack Ice Interaction With Floating Structures

This paper presents a two-dimensional numerical model for ship-ice interaction simulatiion using the discrete element method (DEM). The simulation was conducted for a broken ice field with hundreds of circular ice floes and various combinations of ice conditions. A viscous-elastic ice rheology was adopted to model the dynamic behavior of each individual ice floe. Both ship-ice and ice-ice contacts were considered in the interaction force. Environment forces, including wind force and wave force, were calculated by empirical formulas. An algorithm was developed to log each contact and solve motions of individual ice floe and the ship. The resistance of ship advancing in ice was predicted and compared with model test results.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Oral toxicity evaluation of probiotic strains isolated from Finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] in Wistar rat models (in vivo)

This study evaluates the oral toxicity of five probiotic strains recently isolated from fermented flour of finger-millet (Eleusine coracana) varieties of Sri Lanka. Probiotic strains; Lactobacillus plantarum MF405176, Lactobacillus fermentum MF033346, Lactococcus lactis subspecies lactis MF480428, Enterococcus faecium MF480431and Pediococcus acidilactici MF480434 were evaluated for acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity in Wistars. Three individual doses (108 CFU/g, 1010 CFU/g and 1012 CFU/g) of each probiotic strain at single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg bw were orally administered to rats and observations were done till 14th day. Since no animals demonstrated signs of toxicity as a result of the administrated probiotics strains, repeated dose sub-chronic oral toxicity study was conducted by oral administration of three doses (108 CFU/g, 1010 CFU/g, 1012 CFU/g) of each probiotic strain at 1000 mg/kg bw/day for consecutive 90 days. Administration of probiotic strains to rats did not caused mortality in any of the tested doses. No changes in animal behavior, feed or water intake and negative effects on body weight observed. Probiotic feeding did not cause changes in analyzed biochemical and hematological parameters attributed to toxicity. Bacteremia, bacterial translocation and histopathological changes in rat organs were not observed. No significant difference in liver enzymes observed in treatment groups compared to control. In conclusion, all tested probiotic strains are nonpathogenic therefore could be considered as safe for human consumption.
Microwave acoustic materials, devices, and applications

This paper surveys applications of acoustic waves in microwave devices. After a general and historical introduction to bulk acoustic waves (BAWs), surface acoustic waves (SAWs), practical wave types, and acoustoelectric transducers, a review is given of technologically important materials for microwave acoustic applications. Following this, we discuss BAW and SAW microwave devices and their technologies. Specifically reviewed are thin-film resonators and filters, transversal filters, and filters for correlative analog signal processing. Finally, an overview of the most important microwave applications is given, along with manufacturing and packaging issues.
WEED DETECTION USING COLOR MACHINE VISION

Many weed species have reddish stems, but stems of wheat and soybean are green. These color features were used in this study to establish a simple weed-detection method using a color machine-vision system. This method is more practical than texture- or shape-based methods because of its low sensitivity to canopy overlap, leaf orientation, camera focusing, and wind effect. Four types of relative color indices formed by RGB gray levels were designed. The most effective combinations of these color indices were selected using a statistical method. These combinations were used as the input variables for a statistical classifier based on discriminant analysis (DA) and two artificial neural-network (NN) classifiers. These classifiers were trained and tested using three weed species (Johnsongrass, redroot pigweed, and yellow foxtail) with soybean and three weed species (wild buckwheat, cheat, and field bindweed) with wheat. Preprocessing and postprocessing algorithms were developed to shorten the processing time and to reduce noise. The results showed that the statistical DA classifier was more accurate than the NN classifiers in classification accuracy. The least-square means of the classification rates using the DA classifiers for soybean and wheat were 54.9% and 62.2%, respectively. The misclassification rates for most weed species were below 3%. Because the reddish colors on the stems of some weed species vary as the plants grow, an in-field calibration procedure will be needed to make the classifiers more adaptive to different circumstances.
A novel mechanical cochlea "Fishbone" with dual sensor/actuator characteristics

Through detailed investigation of the sophisticated functions of the mammalian cochlea, we are aiming to apply its resonator array structure to efficient and smart sensors and actuators. We outline our study on an equivalent mechanical model of the cochlea named the "fishbone structure," which can be fabricated from a thin Si plate alone. Special emphasis is placed on applications of the structure to both sensors ("artificial cochlea microphone") and actuators ("giant impulse generator"). The applicability of the "fishbone structure" to both sensors and actuators is an outcome of the passive and loss-free property of it, which is originated from the transmission line model of the cochlea. We fabricated the structure by the Si micro-machining process and examined the soundness of the approach first by finite-element analysis and secondly by experiments using the fabricated devices.
Ultrasound Image Intensity Nonuniformity Correction by Combining Intensity and Spatial Information

Medical ultrasonic B-scans often suffer from intensity inhomogeneities that originates from the nonuniform attenuation properties of the sonic beam within the body. In order to correct signal attenuation in the tissue, time gain compensation (TGC) is routinely used in medical ultrasound scanners. However, TGC assumes a uniform attenuation coefficient for all body tissues. Since this assumption is evidently inaccurate, over-amplification or under-amplification sometimes appear. This is a major problem for intensity-based, automatic segmentation of video-intensity images because conventional threshold-based or intensity-statistic-based approaches do not work well in the presence of such image distortions. The main contribution of this paper is that additional spatial image features are incorporated to improve inhomogeneity correction and to make it more dynamic besides most commonly used intensity features, so that local intensity variations can be corrected more efficiently. The degraded image is corrected by the inverse of the image degradation model. The image degradation process is described by a linear model, consisting of a multiplicative and an additive component which are modeled by a combination of smoothly varying basis functions. Spatial information about intensity nonuniformity is obtained using cubic spline smoothing and entropy minimizing. Gray-level histogram information of the image corrupted by intensity inhomogeneity is exploited from a signal processing perspective. We explain how this model can be related to the ultrasonic physics of image formation to justify our approach. Experiments are presented on synthetic images and real US data to evaluate quantitatively the accuracy of the method.
Lateral AlxGa1−xN power rectifiers with 9.7 kV reverse breakdown voltage

AlxGa1−xN (x=0–0.25) Schottky rectifiers were fabricated in a lateral geometry employing p+-implanted guard rings and rectifying contact overlap onto an SiO2 passivation layer. The reverse breakdown voltage (VB) increased with the spacing between Schottky and ohmic metal contacts, reaching 9700 V for Al0.25Ga0. 75N and 6350 V for GaN, respectively, for 100 μm gap spacing. Assuming lateral depletion, these values correspond to breakdown field strengths of ⩽9.67×105 V cm−1, which is roughly a factor of 20 lower than the theoretical maximum in bulk GaN. The figure of merit (VB)2/RON, where RON is the on-state resistance, was in the range 94–268 MW cm−2 for all the devices.
Hyperspectral remote sensing technology (HRST) program

The Office of Naval Research (ONR) and the Naval Research Laboratory (MIL) are currently in the design phase of a program called the Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Technology (HRST) program. HRST will demonstrate the utility of a hyperspectral Earth-imaging system to support Naval needs for characterization of the littoral regions of the world. One key component of the HRST program is the development of the Navy EarthMap Observer (NEMO) satellite system to provide a large hyperspectral data base. NEMO will provide images of littoral regions with 210 spectral bands over a bandpass of 0.4 to 2.5 /spl mu/m. Since ocean environments have reflectances typically less than 5%, this system requires a very high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The NEMO Hyperspectral Imager (HSI) will sample over a 30 km swath width with a 60 m Ground Sample Distance (GSD) with the ability to go to a 30 m GSD by utilizing the systems attitude control system to "nod" (i.e., use image motion compensation/ground motion compensation to slow down the ground track of the field of view). Also included in the payload is a co-registered 5 m panchromatic imager to provide simultaneous high spatial resolution imagery. A Sun-synchronous circular orbit of 605 km allows continuous repeat coverage of the whole Earth. A unique aspect of the system is the use of a feature extraction and data compression software package developed by NRL called the Optical Real-Time Spectral Identification System (ORASIS). ORASIS employs a parallel, adaptive hyperspectral method for real time scene characterization, data reduction, background suppression, and target recognition. The use of ORASIS is essential for management of the massive amounts of data expected from the NEMO HSI system, and for developing Naval products under HRST. The combined HSI and panchromatic images will provide critical phenomenology to aid in the operation of Naval systems in the littoral environment. The NEMO satellite is planned to launch in mid-2000 followed by an operational period of 3 to 5 years.
Adaptive code-division multiple-access system for communications over indoor wireless optical channels based on random optical codes

The authors have designed an adaptive optical codes-based system for communications over the indoor wireless optical channel when large numbers of users access to the channel simultaneously. This system uses a code-division multiple access (CDMA) scheme based on the named random optical codes (ROC). The authors present the characteristics of this kind of optical codes and several results about its performance over noisy indoor wireless optical channels. Finally, the authors describe a CDMA system which adapts its performance to the number of users which are accessing simultaneously to the channel. The proposed system is able to maintain a target bit error rate adapting its data throughput independently of the number of simultaneous users in the optical environment, whenever certain conditions are accomplished.
Dynamic bayesian networks as a possible alternative to the ensemble kalman filter for parameter estimation in reservoir engineering

The objective of reservoir engineering is to optimize hydrocarbon recovery. One of the most common and efficient recovery processes is water injection. The water is pumped into the reservoir in injection wells in order to push the oil trapped in the porous media towards the production wells. The movement of the water front depends on the reservoir characteristics. To avoid an early water breakthrough in the oil production wells, a good knowledge of the subsurface is imperative. The properties of the rock, e.g. porosity and permeability, are therefore important for oil extraction since they influence the ability of fluids to flow through the reservoir. They represent unknown parameters that need to be estimated when simulating a reservoir. In this paper the authors are concerned with estimating the permeability field of a reservoir. To characterise the fluid flow into the reservoir we use a two phase (oil-water) 2D °ow model which can be represented as a system of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations which cannot be solved analytically. Consequently, we build a state- space model for the reservoir. There are many ways of representing state-space models, one of the most common being the Kalman Filter (KF) model and its variants, e.g. En(semble)KF. A more general representation is a dynamic Bayesian network. Recently, the performance of the EnKF and that of a non-parametric BN were investigated and compared in a twin experiment for permeability estimation [1]. The NPBN approach proved a promising alternative to the EnKF. Yet a fair number of open questions emerged from the comparison of the two methods. Moreover, in all investigations the assumptions of the EnKF method were used in the NPBN approach for a proper comparison. In this paper we try to answer some of the questions left open, and extend the initial work by making more realistic assumptions. Copyright © (2012) by IAPSAM & ESRA.
Coal Demand Prediction in Shandong Province Based on Artificial Firefly Wavelet Neural Network

On the basis of the existing research results, after a systematic research of the wavelet neural network model, we found that the slow convergence and easily get into local optimal solutions. To solve this problem, using artificial firefly optimization method to optimize the parameters in wavelet neural network, and Artificial Firefly Wavelet neural network model is established. Apply this model to the Shandong coal demand forecast achieve better results, proved that establishing artificial Firefly Wavelet neural network model is scientific and feasible.
Experimental verification of PEEC based electric field simulations

Different ways to simulate the measured radiated electric field for printed circuit boards using partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) models has been investigated. Full and simplified PEEC models have been used with post-processing algorithms and an electric field sensor directly incorporated in the PEEC simulations. Calculated and simulated field strengths for a simple PCB are compared to measurements taken in an anechoic EMC chamber. It is shown that the post-processing equations compare better to measurements then the electric field sensor.
APPLICATION OF PARTIALLY PURIFIED α-AMYLASE PRODUCED BY BREVIBACILLUS BORSTELENSIS R1 IN FOOD INDUSTRIES

The α-amylase produced by Brevibacillus borstelensis R1 has a number of applications in many fields such as bakery industry, food preparations, automation dishwashing, ethyl alcohol dual fermentation, sago and rice industrial effluent treatment, sewage water treatment, fodder production, laundry and textile industries. The objective of the study is to test the application of partially purified α-amylase in increasing the shelf life of bread and in preparations of puri and chapatti. In bakery industry, the anti-staling effect of bread and buns was increased to 11days when compared with normal shelf life of 5days. In preparation of puri and chapatti, dough mixed with αamylase has improved taste, flavor, crust color, softness and toasting qualities than normally prepared dough with water. This is only a pilotscale experimentation, further quantitative experiments are awaited. There is a need to conduct trials which are safe to health.
SiC and GaN devices - wide bandgap is not all the same

Silicon carbide (SiC)-diodes have been commercially available since 2001 and various SiC-switches have been launched recently. Parallelly, gallium nitride (GaN) is moving into power electronics and the first low-voltage devices are already on the market. Currently, it seems that GaN-transistors are ideal for high frequency ICs up to 1kV (maybe 2kV) and maximum a few 10A. SiC transistors are better suited for discrete devices or modules blocking 1kV and above and virtually no limit in the current but in that range they will face strong competition from the silicon insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). SiC and GaN Schottky-diodes would offer a similar performance, hence here it becomes apparent that material cost and quality will finally decide the commercial success of wide bandgap devices. Bulk GaN is still prohibitively expensive, whereas GaN on silicon would offer an unrivalled cost advantage. Devices made from the latter could be even cheaper than silicon devices. However, packaging is already a limiting factor for silicon devices even more so in exploiting the advantage of wide bandgap materials with respect to switching speed and high temperature operation. After all, reliability is a must for any device no matter which material it is made of.
Design of fully printable and configurable chipless RFID tag on flexible substrate

This article presents the design and implementation of a chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag on flexible substrate.The tag is designed based on the sympathetic oscillations of multiple LC (inductor–capacitor) circuits that possess distinct resonant frequencies. Information is encoded by controlling placement of these resonant frequencies. To trade off the readability and size of the tag, the optimizations including capacitor placements and different LC combinations are studied. The tag is then realized onto flexible polyimide substrate using toner‐transferring process. The detection system is also constructed and used to measure the proposed tag. The measurement results show that the tag can provide an excellent readability more than 20 cm reading range. In addition, this tag is fully printable and configurable, hence making it more feasible and considerably cheaper to be used. This tag can provide a meaningful approach toward the realization of ultralow‐cost RFID tags attached onto low‐value items. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:226–230, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26499
Coherent Josephson phase qubit with a single crystal silicon capacitor

We have incorporated a single crystal silicon shunt capacitor into a Josephson phase qubit. The capacitor is derived from a commercial silicon-on-insulator wafer. Bosch reactive ion etching is used to create a suspended silicon membrane; subsequent metallization on both sides is used to form the capacitor. The superior dielectric loss of the crystalline silicon leads to a significant increase in qubit energy relaxation times. T1 times up to 1.6 micro-second were measured, more than a factor of two greater than those seen in amorphous phase qubits. The design is readily scalable to larger integrated circuits incorporating multiple qubits and resonators.