Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High Frequency Scanning Acoustic Microscopy as Diagnostic Tool in Tissue Science

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of High Frequency Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (HF SAM) as a tool to characterize biological tissues. The HF SAM is shown to provide both imaging and quantitative stiffness measuring abilities. The plant cell wall is used as a test analog to study the influence on stiffness when one important structural component is removed from a complex polymer structure. In particular, the hypothesis of this work was that the biopolymer pectin may have a strong effect on the mechanical properties of primary plant cell walls. The technical approach was to use HF SAM to document the effect of pectinase enzyme treatment to remove pectin from onion primary cell wall. The novelty in this work was to demonstrate the capability of HF SAM in terms of a characteristic curve called the V(Z) signature. The results indicate a significant change in the V(Z) signature with time into the enzyme treatment. Thus the HF SAM method opens the door to a systematically nondestructive study of complex bio-polymer structures.
The growth of intermetallic compounds on common basis materials coated with tin and tin-lead alloys

SummaryThis paper is the second in a series which reports the results of experiments to determine the rate of compound growth at temperatures below the melting point of tin and tin alloy coatings on various metals and the effect of compounds so formed on the mechanical and physical properties of joints. The present report deals with hard and soft copper, nickel, silver and brass as substrates plated with coatings of tin and tin-lead alloys containing 60%, 30% and 10% tin and also a hot dipped 60/40 tin-lead coating, stored at various controlled temperatures and at room temperature. Growth rate curves have been experimentally determined based on storage times up to nearly 5 years. Activation energies have been calculated from Arrhenius plots and these allow estimations of the rate of compound growth at any temperature intermediate between those studied. The compound layers have been identified and it is shown that lead does not enter into the compound layers and that for brass substrates the two compounds .
High-k oxides on InAs 100 and 111B surfaces

Al2O3 and HfO2 high-k oxides deposited by atomic layer deposition have been studied on InAs 100 and 111B surfaces. By using a low-frequency fitting routine, interface defect densities have been extracted. In general, both HfO2 and Al2O3 show similar D-it profiles, with a D-it minimum around 2x10(12) eV(-1)cm(-2).
Comparative Antioxidant Effects of Two Separate Ethanolic Extracts Fed Female Albino Rats on Some Tissue Markers

Garcinia kola and Curcuma longa possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-toxic properties which makes them ideal choices in traditional alternative medicine. Kolaviron and curcumin ethanoic extracts are from Garcinia kola and Curcuma longa respectively and have shown ample beneficial health effect in animal models of diseases and also in the prevention of hepatoxicity induced by several toxins. The aim of the study was to compare the separate effects of kolaviron and curcumin ethanoic extracts on blood parameters in female Wister albino rats. Eighty-four female albino rats were used in this study and were grouped into fertile, infertile and pregnant rats in the investigation. Anti-oxidant markers such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione s-transferase (GST) were assayed for in this study.The result shows that both kolaviron and curcumin, possess antioxidant properties and the results from the three groups investigated, showed that the extracts had similar influence (anti-oxidants effect) on pregnancy, as kolaviron showed a bit more “potency”. In the infertile rats, both extracts present competing anti-oxidants effects on the organs. In conclusion, kolaviron presented a more effective anti-oxidants property across the three subject groups studied compared to curcumin. Keywords: Garcinia Kola , Turmeric, Kolaviron, Curcumin, Haematological, antioxidants Parameters DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/13-6-04 Publication date: March 31 st 2021
Natural radioactivity measurements in agricultural soil, fertilizer and crops in some specific areas of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector gamma-ray spectrometry with 500 cc Marinelli beaker geometry was used for radioactivity measurement in some specific areas of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The detection limits of 210Pb, 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in soil, fertilizers, and vegetables lie mostly below 1 Bq/kg. The activity concentrations of 238U and 226Ra in local phosphate fertilizers were measured in the range of 236.8–879.0 Bq/kg and 101.5–297.0 Bq/kg, respectively. The respective activity concentrations of 238U and 226Ra measured in one charge of German phosphate fertilizer are in the range of 552.7–790.0 Bq/kg and 280.6–317.0 Bq/kg. The activity concentrations of 232Th are assessed to have maximum values up to 2.24 Bq/kg in locally manufactured phosphate fertilizers. Local urea exhibited concentration level (Bq/kg) of 210Pb, 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K below the detection limit. Mean values of activity concentrations of 238U in agricultural soil of Wadi Fatima, Taif, Hada Al-Sham, Madina City and Abyar Al-MashiMadina are 21.7 ± 3.24, 38.2 ± 4.1, 17.6 ± 2.1, 34.3 ± 3.5 and 32.7 ± 2.4 Bq/kg, respectively. The respective mean of 226Ra activity concentrations in those areas are 12.16 ± 1.16, 20.2 ± 1.33, 11.21 ± 0.4, 21.4 ± 1.7 and 21.0 ± 1.22 Bq/kg. The specific activity of 232Th in the respective areas has been measured as 12.6 ± 1.3, 25.3 ± 0.8, 11.5 ± 0.9, 20.4 ± 2.4 and 20.0 ± 1.2 Bq/kg. Activity concentrations of 210Pb, 238U, 226Ra and 232Th in the vegetable samples are mostly found in the range of 0.37 Bq/kg to 37.8 Bq/kg. The 40K specific activity lies in the range of 44.4–196 Bq/kg. The calculated absorbed dose rates in the representative locations are 24.07–53.28 nGy/h.
Etablissement et utilisation de la carte génétique porcine

The pig genetic map. Genome mapping programs have been developed for all the main farm animal species over the last few years. This article describes the present status of the pig genetic map and the prospects for using it in genetic improvement programs. At first, the basic principles of genetic mapping and the main results of the main pig genome mapping programs are presented. Various possible applications of the pig genetic map are then described. The principles and methods involved in the use of genetic markers to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) are presented. The interest of comparative mapping for QTL identification is illustrated from an example involving the genes of the major histocompatibility complex. Some possible uses of the genetic marker information in genetic improvement programs such as the introgression of major genes or marker assisted selection, are then mentioned. Finally, the main research programs involving the pig genetic map which are currently being conducted at INRA are presented (localisation of RN and MU major genes, detection of QTLs explaining genetic differences between Meishan and Large White breeds). BIDANEL J.-P., BONNEAU M. , CHARDON P., ELSEN J.-M. , GELLIN J., LE ROY P., MILAN D. , OLLIVIER L. , 1996. Etablissement et utilisation de la carte gntique porcine. INRA Prod. Anim. , 9 (4), 299-310.
STUDY ON THE DOMESTIC SEWAGE TREATMENT BY IMMOBILIZED MARINE PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA

Some researches have proved that it is better to treat organic pollutants in wastewater using immobilized PSBs than PSBs.In this research,the treatment of domestic sewage by two kinds of immobilized marine PSBs isolated from sea water around Zhanqiao,Qingdao was studied,one was sodium alginate immobilized marine PSBs and the other was sodium alginate immobilized marine PSBs with nano-montmorillonite as additive.The results showed that both the two kinds of PSBs were useful to the denitrifiction and phosphorus removal.The removal rates of NH_3-N, TN and TP of the former were 87.68%,70.95% and 71.90%,respectively and the removal rates of NH_3N,TN and TP of the latter were 91.30%,73.51% and 84.88%,respectively.The results also showed that the removal rate of imobilized PSBs with nano-montmorillonite was 10% higher than that of immobilized PSBs without nano-montmorillonite.And the removal speed was also accelerated by both immobilized PSBs;within 12 hours,the removal rate was improved to 60%~80%. This method was better in treating high concentration organic wastewater,and because only a small amount of immobilized PSBs was used and it was easy to be retrieved,it contributed to sludge decrement as well.
Supplementary material to "Aqueous SOA formation from the photo-oxidation of vanillin: Direct photosensitized reactions and nitrate-mediated reactions"

Abstract. Vanillin (VL), a phenolic aromatic carbonyl abundant in biomass burning emissions, forms triplet excited states (3VL*) under simulated sunlight leading to aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) formation. This direct photosensitized oxidation of VL was compared with nitrate-mediated VL photo-oxidation under atmospherically relevant cloud and fog conditions, through examining the VL decay kinetics, product compositions, and light absorbance changes. The majority of the most abundant products from both VL photo-oxidation pathways were potential Brown carbon (BrC) chromophores. In addition, both pathways generated oligomers, functionalized monomers, and oxygenated ring-opening products, but nitrate promoted functionalization and nitration, which can be ascribed to its photolysis products (•OH, •NO2, and N(III), NO2- or HONO). Moreover, a potential imidazole derivative observed from nitrate-mediated VL photo-oxidation suggested that ammonium may be involved in the reactions. The effects of secondary oxidants from 3VL*, pH, the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and inorganic anions, and reactants concentration and molar ratios on VL photo-oxidation were also explored. Our findings show that the secondary oxidants (1O2, O2•-/•HO2, •OH) from the reactions of 3VL* and O2 play an essential role in VL photo-oxidation. Enhanced oligomer formation was noted at pH < 4 and in the presence of VOCs and inorganic anions, probably due to additional generation of radicals (•HO2 and CO3•-). Also, functionalization was dominant at low VL concentration, whereas oligomerization was favored at high VL concentration. Furthermore, guaiacol oxidation by photosensitized reactions of VL was observed to be more efficient relative to nitrate-mediated photo-oxidation. Lastly, potential VL photo-oxidation pathways under different reaction conditions were proposed. This study indicates that the direct photosensitized oxidation of VL, which nitrate photolysis products can further enhance, may be an important aqSOA source in areas influenced by biomass burning emissions.
Light and oxygen induced degradation limits the operational stability of methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite solar cells

Here, we demonstrate that light and oxygen-induced degradation is the main reason for the low operational stability of methylammonium lead triiodide (MeNH3PbI3) perovskite solar cells exposed to ambient conditions. When exposed to both light and dry air, unencapsulated MeNH3PbI3 solar cells rapidly degrade on timescales of minutes to a few hours. This rapid degradation is also observed under electrically bias driven current flow in the dark in the presence of O2. In contrast, significantly slower degradation is observed when the MeNH3PbI3 devices are exposed to moisture alone (e.g. 85% relative humidity in N2). We show that this light and oxygen induced degradation can be slowed down by the use of interlayers that are able to remove electrons from the perovskite film before they can react with oxygen to form O2−. These observations demonstrate that the operational stability of electronic and optoelectronic devices that exploit the electron transporting properties of MeNH3PbI3 will be critically dependent upon the use of suitable barrier layers and device configurations to mitigate the oxygen sensitivity of this remarkable material.
Effect of CO2 on a Mobility Gradient of Polymer Chains near an Impenetrable Solid

We report a mobility gradient of polymer chains in close proximity of a planar solid substrate in compressed carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. A series of bilayers composed of bottom hydrogenated polystyrene (h-PS) and top deuterated PS (d-PS) layers were prepared on Si substrates. A high-pressure neutron reflectivity (NR) technique was used to study the diffusive motion at the h-PS/d-PS interface as a function of the distance from the substrate interface. The results reveal that the interdiffusive chain dynamics gets strongly hindered compared to the bulk when the distance from the substrate is less than 3Rg (Rg is the radius of polymer gyration of the h-PS). At the same time, by utilizing rapid quench of CO2 and subsequent solvent leaching, we reveal the presence of the CO2-induced polymer adsorbed layer on the substrate. We postulate that loop components in the adsorbed polymer chains provide a structure that can trap the neighboring polymer chains effectively, hence reducing the chain mobility in the close vi.
Thermal desorption of ammonia from crystalline forsterite surfaces

The thermal desorption of ammonia (NH3) from single crystal forsterite (010) has been investigated using temperature-programmed desorption. The effect of defects on the desorption process has been probed by the use of a rough cut forsterite surface prepared from the cleaved forsterite sample. Several approaches have been used to extract the desorption energy and pre-exponential factor describing the desorption kinetics. In the sub-monolayer coverage regime, the NH3 desorption shows a broad distribution of desorption energies, indicating the presence of different adsorption sites, which results in an apparent coverage-dependent desorption energy. This distribution is sensitive to the surface roughness with the cut forsterite surface displaying a significantly broader distribution of desorption energies compared to the cleaved forsterite surface. The cut forsterite surface exhibits sites with desorption energies up to 62.5 kJ mol 1 in comparison to a desorption energy of up to 58.0 kJ mol 1 for the cleaved surface. Multilayer desorption is independent of the nature of the forsterite surface used, with a desorption energy of (25.8±0.9) kJ mol 1 . On astrophysically relevant heating timescales, the presence of a coverage dependent desorption energy distribution results in a lengthening of the NH3 desorption time-scale by 5.9 × 10 4 yr compared to that
Assessment of sensory and microbiological quality of five marketed fish species at Dhaka city in Bangladesh

The study assessed the sensory quality and the bacterial condition in five nutritionally important fish species at Dhaka city in Bangladesh. Sensory defect points (DP) were analysed at in-situ conditions and microbiological attributes were conducted at laboratory condition. Sensory DP indicated fishes in retail markets (RM) were deteriorating and/or spoiled (DP >3 to <5) except live fishes. In super shops (SS), DP indicated excellent to good quality (DP >1 to <3) for all the fishes. The average total plate count (TPC) in the fishes from RM exceeds the permissible limit (PL) except for the fishes sold in live condition. A highly significant difference observed in the fishes sold in dead condition between RM and SS (p≤0.001). Correlation analysis revealed an insignificant relationship between sensory DP and TPC (p≥0.05) in the markets. The study recorded total coliform counts (TCC) was within the PL i.e., <100 MPN/g in both types of markets. Faecal coliform counts (FCC) were within the acceptable limit i.e., <10 MPN/g only in the fishes from super shops. Salmonella spp. and Vibrio cholerae was detected almost in all samples from retail markets while it was very less likely detected in SS. The study revealed that fish from both RM and SS is safe for human consumption but super shops possess better quality than retail markets.
Microphase structure of SEI on HOPG

The SEI on both lithium and carbonaceous electrodes consists of many different materials including LiF, Li 2 CO 3 , LiCO 2 -R, Li 2 O, lithium alkoxides, and according to some researchers nonconductive polymers as well. Many reports based on FTIR measurements fa iled to detect polymers in the SEI. We previously suggested that these materials form simultaneously and precipitate on the electrode a s a mosaic of microphases. The goal of this work was to provide, with the use of TOF SIMS and XPS techniques, details of the microphase morph ology of the SEI and evidence for the existence of polymers in the SEI formed on HOPG in LiPF 6 - EC, DEC solutions. The lateral distribution of SEI materials was determined for the first time (at about 1micron lateral resolution) with the use of TOF SIMS. These measurements provide also, for the first time, direct evidence for the existence of polymers ( or insoluble long oligomers) in the SEI, a (CH 2 )n sequence was proved.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT SOLVENT EXTRACTS OF

(Family:Fabaceae) is a plant of Ayurvedic, traditional and ethno medicinal importance as indigenous tribes used different parts of the plant for medicine. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of various solvent extracts of . The antibacterial activity of different solvent extracts of were tested against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains by observing the zone of inhibition. The organisms used in the test were , S and . It was observed that petroleum ether, dichloromethane and methanol extract showed activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The bark dichloromethane extract of bark showed more activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria when compared to other solvent extracts and other different parts of the plant. The results are summarized in the table.
Preparation and Solid-State Characterization of Three Novel Multicomponent Solid Forms of Oxcarbazepine: Improvement in Solubility through Saccharin Cocrystal

Oxcarbazepine (OXCBZ) is an antiepileptic drug with low aqueous solubility, and its dissolution is the rate limiting step for absorption. The present work investigates three muticomponent solid forms of OXCBZ with water-soluble coformers with an aim to enhance its solubility and in vivo performance. The experiments based on the solution method yielded two cocrystals, with succinic acid (1) and saccharin (2) and a solvate with acetic acid (3). Compound 1 was identified by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) as a solvated cocrystal involving eight molecules of OXCBZ, four molecules of succinic acid, and four molecules of chloroform in the unit cell. The structural changes upon desolvation of cocrystal 1 have also been examined. Single crystals of compounds 2 and 3 could not be obtained in a size suitable for single crystal X-ray analysis and thus was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, hot stage microscopy, powder XRD, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and sol.
Atlantic Eddy-driven Jet: from Above and Below

14 The atmospheric eddy-driven jet over the North Atlantic exhibits three ‘preferred po15 sitions’, latitudes where the jet maximum occurs more frequently than others. Using a 16 state-of-the-art dynamical atmosphere model (WACCM), we explore the forcing of these 17 preferred positions by upper-atmosphere circulation and northern hemisphere mountain 18 ranges. The latitude of the northern preferred position shifts only when the latitudinal 19 position of Greenland is changed, and this preferred position disappears when Green20 land orography is flattened. We propose that Greenland tip jet events create the appear21 ance of an eddy-driven jet northern ‘preferred position’. In ERA-interim data, years with 22 a higher frequency of tip jet events show a higher frequency of the northern preferred 23 position. Additionally, we show that CMIP5 models underestimate the frequency of the 24 northern preferred position when the climatological jet is too narrow or biased too far 25 south. This is a cautionary tale of the interpretation of results from reducing the dimen26 sionality of data. 27
The shortest known interpolyhedral O—O distance in a silicate

Interpolyhedral O—O distances in inorganic crystal structures have as a rule O O > 2.90 Ä, mostly O O > 3.00 Ä, but exccptions are occasionally found. Several such distances with O—O ^ 2.90 Ä are presented, among them three from silicates. The shortest interpolyhedral O—O distance foimd in a Silicate occuis in phenakite, Be2Si04, and measures 2.75 Ä. It is discussed from the point of view of stereochemistry. Intrapolyhedral O—O distances in inorganic crystal structures, i.e. O—O distances which represent edges of coordination polyhedra, measure often well below 2.70 Ä. For example, the average O—O distance in the Silicate tetrahedron has a length of ~2. 65Ä, in the sulphate tetrahedron of ~ 2.42 Ä, and in the carbonate group of ~ 2.22 Ä. However, O—O distances shorter than 2.70 Ä occur also in coordination polyhedra with a coordination number greater than four, and they are even rather common among Joint O—O edges between two polyhe^a. An extreme case was found in andalusite, Al20[Si0J, where a common edge between two AlOj polyhedra measures only 2.23 A (Finger and Prince, 1972; cf. also Bumham and Buerger, 1961; Winter and Ghose, 1979). On the contrary, interpolyhedral O—O distances, i.e. O—O distances between coordination polyhedra, have as a rule O —O >2.90Ä, often > 3.00 Ä — this means that they are not significantly shorter than in-
High-resolution analysis of F-actin meshwork kinetics and kinematics using computational Fluorescent Speckle Microscopy

Ponti, A. , Vallotton, P., Matov, A. , Waterman-Storer, C. M. , Salmon, E. D. , Danuser, G. Computational Fluorescence Speckle Microscopy. Biophysical Society, 47th Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, March 1-3, 2003 Ponti, A. , Csucs, G. , Waterman-Storer, C. M. , Danuser, G. Measurement of F-actin assembly and turnover in vivo by fluorescent speckle microscopy (FSM). Biophysical Society, 46th Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, February 23-27, 2002 Ponti, A. , Salmon, W. C. , Waterman-Storer, C. M. , Danuser, G. Lamellipodial actin dynamics measured by fluorescence speckle microscopy. The American Society for Cell Biology, 41st Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, December 8-12, 2001 Ponti, A. , Salmon, W. C. , Waterman-Storer, C. M. , Danuser, G. Quantitative Fluorescent Speckle Microscopy of Lamellipodial Actin Meshwork Activity: Introduction to a generic framework for speckle analysis and first results. Gordon Research Conference on “Motile and Contractile Systems”, June 13th 2001, New London, NH
Social Relationship Value Computation based on the Influence of Human Attributes classified by Topics

요 약 최근 검색엔진의 효율성을 향상시키고 검색결과에 있어서 사용자들의 요구사항을 충족시키기 위한 연구들이 활발히 수행되고 있으며, 많은 방법론들이 제시되고 있다. 이는 방대한 정보 속에서 사용자 의 검색 의도에 맞는 정보를 효과적으로 제공하는 것을 그 목표로 한다. 특히 본 논문에서는 검색하고 자 하는 토픽별 사용자의 인적 속성들이 미치는 영향력을 기반으로 사용자간 소셜 관계 지수(SRV : Social Relationship Value)를 산정하는 방법을 제안한다. 소셜 관계 지수란 인간의 내재적인 특성을 수 치로 산정한 것으로, 웹 사용자들에게 있어서는 검색 성향의 유사정도와 직결된다. 따라서 검색하고자 하는 토픽별 개인 성향의 유사정도를 수치로 부여하고 유사성이 높은 사람들의 검색 정보를 이용하면 사용자에 보다 만족된 검색결과를 제공할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 구글 디렉터리(Google directory)의 정제된 각 토픽별 하위 범주(category)에 대해 선택 결과가 같은 사람들을 대상으로 인적 속성을 분석 하고, 그 영향력을 가중치로 적용해 산정된 소셜 관계 지수와 사용자들의 검색 패턴을 비교 하였다. 그 결과 특정인을 기준으로 소셜 관계 지수가 높은 사람들의 검색 패턴이 매우 유사함을 확인 하였다. 이를 통해 토픽별 개인 간 연결 강도가 강할수록, 즉 유사성이 높은 사용자간에는 검색 패턴 또한 유 사함을 검증 할 수 있었다.