Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Splashback Radius of Planck SZ Clusters

We present evidence for the existence of the splashback radius in galaxy clusters selected using the Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect, a sample unaffected by systematics related to cluster finding in the optical wavelength range. We show that the deprojected cross-correlation of galaxy clusters found in the Planck survey with galaxies detected photometrically in the Pan-STARRS survey shows a sharp steepening feature (a logarithmic slope steeper than −3), which we associate with the splashback radius. We infer the 3D splashback radius for the SZ cluster sample to be , where the cluster sample has an average halo mass of M500c = 3.0 × 1014 at an average redshift of z = 0.18. The inferred value of the splashback radius appears marginally consistent with the expected location for dark matter halos in the standard cold dark matter paradigm. However, given the limited precision of our measurements, we cannot conclusively confirm or rule out the smaller splashback radius measured so far in the literature for optically selected galaxy clusters. We show that the splashback radius does not depend on the galaxy magnitude for galaxies fainter than and is present at a consistent location in galaxy populations divided by color. The presence of the splashback radius in the star-forming galaxy population could potentially be used to put lower limits on the quenching timescales for galaxies. We can marginally rule out the contamination of the star-forming galaxy sample by quenched galaxies, but the results would need further verification with deeper data sets.
The number of multinomial coefficients based on a set of partitions of n into k parts and divided by k evenly

In this paper we obtained an original integer sequence based on the properties of the multinomial coefficient. We investigated a property of the sequence that shows connection with a primality testing. For any prime n the n-th term in the sequence is less by 1 than the number of partitions of n. We hypothesize the existence of an asymptotic algorithm of primality testing.
Prognostic Value of Preoperative Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 Levels for Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Stage II Colorectal Cancer: A Nationwide Multicenter Retrospective Study

Objectives: Adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II colorectal cancer patients with high-risk factors for recurrence can be useful; however, its advantage in prognosis remains to be controversial. Thus, in this study, we aimed to assess whether a combination of preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels can predict the prognosis and advantage of adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Using a Japanese nationwide database, in total, 3,688 patients with curative resected stage II colorectal cancer were registered retrospectively between 2008 and 2012 in 24 referral institutions. Patients were classified into three groups as follows: Group A (both non-high levels of CEA and CA19-9), Group B (either high levels of CEA or CA19-9), and Group C (both high levels of CEA and CA19-9). Results: Multivariable Cox regression analysis, adjusting the depth of tumor invasion, number of dissected lymph nodes, tumor differentiation, lymphatic and venous invasion, and other covariates, showed that the 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival were shorter in Group C than in Groups A and B. Furthermore, in Group C, the 5-year disease-free survival rate was improved in the surgery-plus-AC group compared to the surgery-alone group. Conclusions: As with existing high-risk factors for recurrence, the combination assessment of preoperative serum CEA and CA19-9 can predict the prognosis for colorectal cancer. Adjuvant chemotherapy may provide a prolonged disease-free survival advantage in stage II colorectal cancer patients with high levels of both tumor markers.
relxill_nk: A Relativistic Reflection Model for Testing Einstein’s Gravity

Einstein’s theory of general relativity was proposed over 100 years ago and has successfully passed a large number of observational tests in the weak field regime. However, the strong field regime is largely unexplored, and there are many modified and alternative theories that have the same predictions as Einstein’s gravity for weak fields and present deviations when gravity becomes strong. relxill_nk is the first relativistic reflection model for probing the spacetime metric in the vicinity of astrophysical black holes and testing Einstein’s gravity in the strong field regime. Here, we present our current constraints on possible deviations from Einstein’s gravity obtained from the black holes in 1H0707–495, Ark 564, GX 339–4, and GS 1354–645.
Printed Structurally Colored Cellulose Sensors and Displays

Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is a commercially available and biodegradable cellulose derivative, which is known to self‐assemble into chiral nematic liquid crystal phases in water. These features, including liquid crystal‐induced selective reflections in the visible range, make HPC an ideal biopolymer host material for dynamic structural color‐shifting materials. Herein, HPC is used as a starting matrix material and found that, by adding carbon nanotubes (CNT) to an aqueous dispersion of HPC, the color saturation can be improved without influencing the structural color formation and simultaneously conferring electrical conductivity to the material. Additionally, up to 0.4 wt% of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) can be added to control and tune the rheological properties of the suspension allowing for 3D printability while also maintaining the structural colors. The HPC‐CNT‐CNF printed composite materials show application for flexible color‐changing devices in the form of a dual readout optical and resistive strain sensor and is used as the active material in a dynamic seven‐segment color display. This multipurpose color‐changing material has the potential to be used in the creation of eco‐friendly visual intelligent devices and biodegradable user interfaces and, as such, contributes to the advancement of the field of sustainable and green electronics.
Ultrashort laser pulse driven currents in conductors: physical mechanisms and time scales

The response of conduction band electrons to a local, pulse-like external excitation is investigated. The charge density wave packets that emerge as a consequence of the excitation leave the interaction region with a speed close to the initial state's band velocity, but there are also oscillations with essentially the same frequency as that of the laser field. As a good estimation, the excitation can also be considered as a localized, time-dependent ponderomotive potential, leading to slowly varying current oscillations. The role of all these effects are investigated for different electron energies, carrier frequencies and sizes of the interaction area.
On Forecast Strength of Some Linear and Non Linear Time Series Models for Stationary Data Structure

The motivation for this study is that the multi-step forecast performance of nonlinear time series models is often not reported in literature. This is perhaps surprising since one of the main uses of time-series models is for prediction. Therefore, this paper aimed at comparing a number of models that have been proposed in the literature for obtaining h-step ahead forecasts for different features of linear and nonlinear models. These forecasts are compared to those from linear autoregressive model. The comparison of forecasting methods is made using simulations in R software. The relative efficiency of the models was assessed using MSE and AIC criteria. The best model to forecast linear autoregressive function is AR. The performance of LSTAR model supersedes other models as number of steps ahead increases in nonlinear time series data except in polynomial function where SETAR model performs better than others. The predictive ability of the four fitted models increases as sample size and number of steps ahead increase.
Nano- and Microsensors for In Vivo Real-Time Electrochemical Analysis: Present and Future Perspectives

Electrochemical nano- and microsensors have been a useful tool for measuring different analytes because of their small size, sensitivity, and favorable electrochemical properties. Using such sensors, it is possible to study physiological mechanisms at the cellular, tissue, and organ levels and determine the state of health and diseases. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the application of electrochemical sensors for measuring neurotransmitters, oxygen, ascorbate, drugs, pH values, and other analytes in vivo. The evolution of electrochemical sensors is discussed, with a particular focus on the development of significant fabrication schemes. Finally, we highlight the extensive applications of electrochemical sensors in medicine and biological science.
Path of a tunneling particle

Attempts to find a quantum-to-classical correspondence in a classically forbidden region leads to non-physical paths, involving, for example, complex time or spatial coordinates. Here, we identify genuine quasi-classical paths for tunneling in terms of probabilistic correlations in sequential time-of-arrival measurements. In particular, we construct the post-selected probability density $P_{p.s. }(x, \tau)$ for a particle to be found at time $\tau$ in position $x$ inside the forbidden region, provided that it later crossed the barrier. The classical paths follow from the maximization of the probability density with respect to $\tau$. For almost monochromatic initial states, the paths correspond to the maxima of the modulus square of the wave-function $|\psi(x,\tau)|^2$ with respect to $\tau$ and for constant $x$ inside the barrier region. The derived paths are expressed in terms of classical equations, but they have no analogues in classical mechanics. Finally, we evaluate the paths explicitly for the case of a square potential barrier.
CSI 2264: Simultaneous optical and X-ray variability in pre-main sequence stars - I. Time resolved X-ray spectral analysis during optical dips and accretion bursts in stars with disks

Context. Pre-main sequence stars are variable sources. The main mechanisms responsible for their variability are variable extinction, unsteady accretion, and rotational modulation of both hot and dark photospheric spots and X-ray-active regions. In stars with disks, this variability is related to the morphology of the inner circumstellar region (≤0.1 AU) and that of the photosphere and corona, all impossible to be spatially resolved with present-day techniques. This has been the main motivation for the Coordinated Synoptic Investigation of NGC 2264, a set of simultaneous observations of NGC 2264 with 15 different telescopes. Aims. In this paper, we focus on the stars with disks. We analyze the X-ray spectral properties extracted during optical bursts and dips in order to unveil the nature of these phenomena. Stars without disks are studied in a companion paper. Methods. We analyze simultaneous CoRoT and Chandra/ACIS-I observations to search for coherent optical and X-ray flux variability in stars with disks. Then, stars are analyzed in two different samples. In stars with variable extinction, we look for a simultaneous increase of optical extinction and X-ray absorption during the optical dips; in stars with accretion bursts, we search for soft X-ray emission and increasing X-ray absorption during the bursts. Results. We find evidence for coherent optical and X-ray flux variability among the stars with variable extinction. In 9 of the 24 stars with optical dips, we observe a simultaneous increase of X-ray absorption and optical extinction. In seven dips, it is possible to calculate the N_H/A_V ratio in order to infer the composition of the obscuring material. In 5 of the 20 stars with optical accretion bursts, we observe increasing soft X-ray emission during the bursts that we associate to the emission of accreting gas. It is not surprising that these properties are not observed in all the stars with dips and bursts, since favorable geometric configurations are required. Conclusions. The observed variable absorption during the dips is mainly due to dust-free material in accretion streams. In stars with accretion bursts, we observe, on average, a larger soft X-ray spectral component not observed in non-accreting stars.
Is Biportal Endoscopic Spine Surgery More Advantageous Than Uniportal for the Treatment of Lumbar Degenerative Disease? A Meta-Analysis

Background and Objectives: To estimate the clinical outcomes of uniportal and biportal full-endoscopic spine surgery for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease (LDD), and to provide the latest evidence for clinical selection. Materials and Methods: Relevant literatures published in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, and WanFang Database before 21 November 2021 were searched systematically. Two researchers independently screened the studies, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies. The systematic review and meta-analysis were performed using the Review Manager software (version 5.4; The Cochrane Collaboration). Results: A total of seven studies were included in this meta-analysis, including 198 patients in a uniportal endoscopy group and 185 patients in a biportal endoscopy group. The results of this meta-analysis demonstrated that the biportal endoscopy group experienced less intraoperative estimated blood loss (WMD = −2.54, 95%CI [−4.48, −0.60], p = 0.01), while the uniportal endoscopy group displayed significantly better recovery results in Visual Analog Scale (VAS) assessments of the back within 3 days of surgery (WMD = 0.69, 95%CI [0.02, 1.37], p = 0.04). However, no significant differences in operation time, length of hospital stay, complication rates, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) (within 3 months), ODI (last follow-up), VAS for back (within 3 months), VAS for back (last follow-up), and VAS for leg (within 3 days, within 3 months, last follow-up) were identified between the two groups. Conclusions: According to our meta-analysis, patients who underwent the uniportal endoscopic procedure had more significant early postoperative back pain relief than those who underwent the biportal endoscopic procedure. Nevertheless, both surgical techniques are safe and effective.
A parametric subspace-based blind estimation of a SIMO-FIR with unknown channel order

Subspace techniques have become a popular tool for blind identification of SIMO-FIR systems. A serious drawback of these methods is their sensitivity to the order modeling errors. We show that the so-called "parametric" approach of subspace methods (which exploits the specular structure of the propagation channel), is robust to channel order overestimation. We propose a deflation procedure to resolve the parametric subspace criterion. Simulations show that this algorithm outperforms classical subspace methods and remain consistent even when the channel order is overestimated by a large factor.
Testing the limits of quantum mechanics.

The physics underlying non-relativistic quantum mechanics can be summed up in two postulates. Postulate 1 is very precise, and says that the wave function of a quantum system evolves according to the Schrodinger equation, which is a linear and deterministic equation. Postulate 2 has an entirely different flavor, and can be roughly stated as follows: when the quantum system interacts with a classical measuring apparatus, its wave function collapses, from being in a superposition of the eigenstates of the measured observable, to being in just one of the eigenstates. The outcome of the measurement is random and cannot be predicted; the quantum system collapses to one or the other eigenstates, with a probability that is proportional to the squared modulus of the wave function for that eigenstate. This is the Born probability rule.
Incidentally Diagnosed Extraluminal Leiomyosarcoma of Infrarenal Inferior Vena Cava: A Case Report and Literature Review from a Radiologist’s Perspective

Abstract. Background: Vascular leiomyosarcoma is a rare but most common vascular tumor of the inferior vena cava. Case presentation: We present the case of an incidentally diagnosed extraluminal leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava in a 62 year old patient who presented with abdominal pain following blunt trauma. Ultrasonography showed a lobulated hypoechoic lesion in the upper abdomen. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a circumscribed lobulated near homogeneously enhancing retroperitoneal lesion in anterior relation to the infrarenal inferior vena cava, right paramedian in location with imperceptible vena caval lumen at the site of maximum contact. In positron emission tomography (PET) CT the lesion showed mild fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake with no distant metastases. CT guided biopsy with immunohistochemical analysis showed leiomyosarcoma. Patient underwent surgical resection with inferior vena cava reconstruction. Conclusions: Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava is a rare tumor of vascular origin. Imaging plays an imperative role in the diagnosis and preoperative evaluation. This article also provides a comprehensive literature review of the radiological features of inferior vena caval leiomyosarcoma that would aid in optimal preoperative characterization and evaluation.
INDENTIFYING PRAGMATIC FAILURES IN DIALOGUE SCRIPTS OF EFL LEARNERS

Most of the EFL learners consciously or unconsciously speak English using the same way they communicate their native languages which have different patterns and cultural backgrounds. In writing English dialogue scripts, most students in West Sumatera province transfer their mother languages to national language first and then to English language. As a result, beyond many spelling and syntactic errors found in the scripts, pragmatic failures are the most dominant issues captured. The students’ pragmatics failures are categorized into pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic failures in accordance with Jenny Thomas (1983). This present study provides overviews of phenomenon in EFL dialogue scripts made by students of UPI YPTK Padang. It investigated students from 6 classes who have learned basic English in the previous semester. The students are asked to make a simple dialogue in groups with certain chosen topics and are allowed to use dictionary if necessary. The study showed that the students limitation of English language proficiency and pragmatic transfer result in pragmalinguistic failures such as failure to follow the native expressive habit, misunderstanding of words, use English with semantics and structure of students’s mother tongues, verbose verbs and that sociopragmatic failure lies in perception and expression of local pragmatic conventions.
Using Exogenous Melatonin, Glutathione, Proline, and Glycine Betaine Treatments to Combat Abiotic Stresses in Crops

Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, heat, cold, and heavy metals, are associated with global climate change and hamper plant growth and development, affecting crop yields and quality. However, the negative effects of abiotic stresses can be mitigated through exogenous treatments using small biomolecules. For example, the foliar application of melatonin provides the following: it protects the photosynthetic apparatus; it increases the antioxidant defenses, osmoprotectant, and soluble sugar levels; it prevents tissue damage and reduces electrolyte leakage; it improves reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging; and it increases biomass, maintains the redox and ion homeostasis, and improves gaseous exchange. Glutathione spray upregulates the glyoxalase system, reduces methylglyoxal (MG) toxicity and oxidative stress, decreases hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde accumulation, improves the defense mechanisms, tissue repairs, and nitrogen fixation, and upregulates the phytochelatins. The exogenous application of proline enhances growth and other physiological characteristics, upregulates osmoprotection, protects the integrity of the plasma lemma, reduces lipid peroxidation, increases photosynthetic pigments, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and amino acids, and enhances stress tolerance, carbon fixation, and leaf nitrogen content. The foliar application of glycine betaine improves growth, upregulates osmoprotection and osmoregulation, increases relative water content, net photosynthetic rate, and catalase activity, decreases photorespiration, ion leakage, and lipid peroxidation, protects the oxygen-evolving complex, and prevents chlorosis. Chemical priming has various important advantages over transgenic technology as it is typically more affordable for farmers and safe for plants, people, and animals, while being considered environmentally acceptable. Chemical priming helps to improve the quality and quantity of the yield. This review summarizes and discusses how exogenous melatonin, glutathione, proline, and glycine betaine can help crops combat abiotic stresses.
Robust parameter design of mixed multiple responses based on a latent variable Gaussian process model

Traditional robust parameter design methods mainly focus on the optimization of quantitative quality characteristics. However, computer experiments involving qualitative and quantitative mixed input and output occur frequently in the manufacturing industry, which prompted the authors to develop an effective meta-modeling and optimization technique for such experiments. This article combines the latent variable Gaussian process (LVGP) model and fuzzy set theory to create a mixed multi-response LVGP (MMR-LVGP) model involving qualitative and quantitative mixed input and output. Then, the optimization scheme is established by comprehensively weighing the location and dispersion effects of each quality characteristic to find the joint optimal solution of qualitative and quantitative factors. Numerical and industrial cases are used to illustrate the validity of the proposed method in the modeling and optimization of experimental data with qualitative and quantitative mixed input and output or spatio-temporal structure. The comparison results indicate that the proposed method is preferred over existing methods.
Multitransform/multidimensional signal representation

A useful technique is presented to compactly represent multidimensional signals employing two or more transforms. This is performed by superimposing partial sets of basis functions of different transforms, which are in general, mutually non-orthogonal. Basically, the multidimensional signal is split into subsignals, each of which is represented by the dominant components of a transform, whose basis functions closely approximate the subsignal. The residual error, which is the difference between the original image and the reconstructed image is properly formulated. Adaptive algorithms are developed to minimize this error and to maximize the Signal to Noise ratio (SNR) of the reconstructed image for a fixed number of transform components. An optimization strategy is also proposed to select the dominant components from the various domains for adaptation. A simulation is presented to represent a synthetic image consisting of two sinusoids and two square waves. It is verified that it is possible to split the image spectrally into a narrowband and a broadband part, thus allowing the DCT to represent the sinusoids and the Walsh Hadamard transform to represent the square waves. This leads to excellent data compression. <<ETX>>