Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Institutions, Trust and Responsiveness: Patterns of Government and Private Action During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Why have countries responded differently to the COVID-19 pandemic? We explore the role of institutions in shaping the response of governments and citizens to the progression of the disease, both conceptually and empirically. We document a puzzling fact: countries with “good institutions” – strong executive constraints, the holding of free and fair elections and more freedom – tend to have performed worse during the initial phase of the pandemic. They have been slower to implement a lockdown and experienced a larger death toll. On the other hand, countries with higher interpersonal trust and higher confidence in government appear to have fared better. We find limited evidence of differences in mobility reduction by citizens based on institutions in their country.
Current Progress and Future Prospects of Agriculture Technology: Gateway to Sustainable Agriculture

The agricultural industry is getting more data-centric and requires precise, more advanced data and technologies than before, despite being familiar with agricultural processes. The agriculture industry is being advanced by various information and advanced communication technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT). The rapid emergence of these advanced technologies has restructured almost all other industries, as well as advanced agriculture, which has shifted the industry from a statistical approach to a quantitative one. This radical change has shaken existing farming techniques and produced the latest prospects in a series of challenges. This comprehensive review article enlightens the potential of the IoT in the advancement of agriculture and the challenges faced when combining these advanced technologies with conventional agricultural systems. A brief analysis of these advanced technologies with sensors is presented in advanced agricultural applications. Numerous sensors that can be implemented for specific agricultural practices require best management practices (e.g., land preparation, irrigation systems, insect, and disease management). This review includes the integration of all suitable techniques, from sowing to harvesting, packaging, transportation, and advanced technologies available for farmers throughout the cropping system. Besides, this review article highlights the utilization of other tools such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for crop monitoring and other beneficiary measures, such as optimizing crop yields. In addition, advanced programs based on the IoT are also discussed. Finally, based on our comprehensive review, we identified advanced prospects regarding the IoT, which are essential tools for sustainable agriculture.
Left atrial diameter, CHA2DS2-VASc score and type of atrial fibrillation predict pulmonary vein isolation outcome

Purpose Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the most effective treatment strategy for atrial fibrillation (AF). This study evaluated Pulmonary Vein Isolation Outcome Degree (PVIOD) as a new semi-quantitative measure for PVI success after a 7-year follow-up and determined predictors associated with PVIOD.Methods We enrolled 117 patients with symptomatic AF who underwent PVI and after a 7-year follow-up applied PVIOD with 4 possible outcomes. PVIOD 1 group included patients with successful single PVI. PVIOD 2 group included patients with efficacy after ≥ 2 re-PV isolation and/or additional substrate modification (ASM). PVIOD 3 group contained subjects with clinical success after PVI±ASM. Patients with procedural and clinical failure were in PVIOD 4 group.Results In multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis PVIOD was independently associated with longstanding persistent AF with paroxysmal AF as referent category: odds ratio (OR) 4.1, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.3-12.8 (P=0.014), left atrial (LA) diameter: OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.3 (P<0.001) and CHA2DS2-VASc score: OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.2 (P=0.039). LA size, CHA2DS2-VASc score and AF type predicted 7-year probability for procedural and procedural with clinical failure. LA diameter >41mm (AUC 0.741, 95% CI 0.6-0.8, P<0.001) and CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 (AUC 0.718, 95% CI 0.6-0.8, P<0.001) predicted long-term procedural and clinical failure. Conclusion PVIOD is a new classification for PVI success. LA diameter, CHA2DS2-VASc score and AF type are independently associated with PVIOD and predict procedural and procedural with clinical failure after the 7-year follow-up. LA diameter >41mm and CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 predict long-term PVI failure.
Biodiesel and Other Value-Added Products from Bio-Oil Obtained from Agrifood Waste

Bio-oil is a promising source of chemicals and renewable fuels. As the liquid phase obtained from the pyrolysis of biomass, the composition and amount of bio-oil generated depend not only on the type of the biomass but also on the conditions under which pyrolysis is performed. Most fossil fuels can be replaced by bio-oil-derived products. Thus, bio-oil can be used directly or co-fed along with fossil fuels in boilers, transformed into fuel for car engines by hydrodeoxygenation or even used as a more suitable source for H2 production than biomass. On the other hand, due to its rich composition in compounds resulting from the pyrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, bio-oil co-acts as a source of various value-added chemicals such as aromatic compounds. This review presents an overview of the potential applications of bio-oils and the pyrolysis conditions under which they are obtained. Then, different extraction methods for value-added chemicals, along with the most recent developments, are discussed and future research directions for bio-oil upgrades are highlighted.
Evaluation of Health Facilities Capacity for the Management of Severe Preeclampsia and Eclampsia in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Background: The lack of properly-stocked facilities with basic and essential equipment and supplies as well as clinical guidelines required to successfully manage Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (PE/E) has been reported in developing, low-income countries. It is necessary to ensure properly stocked health facilities for effective health care delivery. This study set out to assess the capacity of the health facilities in Bayelsa, Nigeria for the management of cases of eclampsia. Methods: A descriptive design was used in the conduct of this research in which 155 workers were recruited. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select health facilities for the study. The study instruments included a self-administered structured questionnaire, an interview guide, and an inventory checklist. Data entry, cleaning and analysis were done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Descriptive and inferential statistics were generated using the data. Results: It was found in this study that though MgSO4 was present in one (8.33%) primary and two (66.6%) secondary health facilities visited, no guide on how to administer and monitor the patients was available. The majority of the workforce in the primary health facility were the CHEW/CHO (48%), followed by midwives (16.9%) and then nurses (12.3%). Doctors constituted 7.7% while Original Research Article Alabintei et al.; JAMMR, 33(9): 78-86, 2021; Article no.JAMMR. 67824 79 pharmacists and pharmacist technicians constituted 6.2% and 9.2% respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study revealed that facilities assessed lacked most of the basic and essential equipment, supplies and drugs, required for the successful management of PE/E. For effective management of cases of eclampsia, it is very essential that there should be a continuous supply of necessary tools, drugs and functioning equipment needed for the management of PE/E in all health care facilities.
Virucidal Efficacy of Household Dishwashers

Not only since SARS-CoV-2, have transmission routes of viruses been of interest. Noroviruses e.g., can be transmitted via smear infection, are relatively stable in the environment and very resistant to chemical disinfection. Some studies determined the virucidal efficacy of laundering processes, but few studies focused on the virucidal efficacy of dishwashing processes. Here, especially consumer related conditions are of interest. Households for example are a hotspot of norovirus infection and thus a sufficient reduction of these and other viruses from dishes must be insured to avoid an infection via this route. The likelihood of such an event should not be underestimated, since it was shown that the washing machine can be a reservoir for the transmission of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing bacteria in newborns. Although viruses do not replicate in these devices a transmission via contaminated cutlery e.g., cannot be excluded. Using a consumer related approach to determine the virucidal efficacy of dishwashers, we found a combination of a bleach containing dishwasher detergent, a cleaning temperature of 45 °C for 45 min and a rinsing temperature of 50 °C, to be sufficient to reduces viral titer of bovine corona virus, murine norovirus and modified vaccinia virus by 4.8, 4.2 and 3.8 logarithmic stages respectively.
Ablação por Cateter é Superior a Drogas Antiarrítmicas como Tratamento de primeira linha para Fibrilação Atrial: uma Revisão Sistemática e Metanálise

Resumo Fundamento A ablação por cateter é uma terapia bem estabelecida para controle do ritmo cardíaco em pacientes refratários ou intolerantes a drogas antiarrítmicas (DAA). Porém, a eficácia desse procedimento comparada à de DAA como estratégia de primeira linha no controle do ritmo cardíaco na fibrilação atrial é menos conhecida. Objetivos Conduzir uma revisão sistemática e metanálise da ablação por cateter vs. DAA em pacientes sem nenhum tratamento prévio para controle do ritmo. Métodos Buscamos, nos bancos de dados do PubMed, EMBASE, e Cochrane, ensaios randomizados controlados que compararam ablação por cateter com DAA para controle do ritmo cardíaco em pacientes com FA sintomática e descreveram os seguintes desfechos: (1) recorrência de taquiarritmia atrial (TA); (2) FA sintomática; (3) internações hospitalares; e (4) bradicardia sintomática. A heterogeneidade foi avaliada por estatística I2. Valores de p menores que 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados Incluímos cinco ensaios com 994 pacientes, dos quais 502 (50,5%) foram submetidos à ablação por cateter. O período médio de acompanhamento foi de um a cinco anos. Recorrências de TA (OR 0,36; IC95% 0,25-0,52; p<0,001) e de FA sintomática (OR 0,32; IC95% 0,18-0,57; p<0,001), e internações hospitalares (OR 0,25; IC95% 0,15-0,42; p<0,001) foram menos frequentes nos pacientes tratados com ablação por cateter que naqueles tratados com DAA. Bradicardia sintomática não foi diferente entre os grupos (OR 0,55; IC95% 0,18-1,65; p=0,28). Derrame ou tamponamento pericárdico significativo ocorreu em oito dos 464 (1,7%) pacientes no grupo submetido à ablação. Conclusão Esses achados sugerem maior eficácia da ablação por cateter que das DAA como estratégia inicial de controle do ritmo cardíaco em pacientes com DA sintomática.
Chapter 5:Microwave-assisted Enzymatic Reactions in Aqueous Media

The rapid enzymatic digestion of proteins assisted by microwave heating has become an active research area in proteomics. The use of ionic liquids and their aqueous solutions as novel solvents are becoming an emerging research in microwave-promoted organic and enzymatic reactions. A new trend in conducting enzymatic reactions using microwave irradiation with simultaneous cooling to enable a fine temperature control for enzyme stabilization is rising. This chapter discusses the impact of microwave irradiation on the enzyme activity in aqueous buffer solutions and aqueous organic solvents. The thermal and non-thermal effects of microwave irradiation are also reviewed.
MARKALARDA YAŞANAN OLUMSUZ DURUMLARIN ELEKTRONİK AĞIZDAN AĞIZA İLETİŞİME (E-WOM) YANSIMALARI: PEGASUS ÖRNEĞİ

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine how negative situations experienced by brands affect electronic word of mouth (eWOM). Method: Qualıtatıve research desıgn ıs preferred ın thıs study. The comments made on the apology message shared by Pegasus airlines as a result of the plane crash was analyzed by using the case study method. One of the most widely used social networking site in Turkey has preferred to work with İnstagram and 1351 user comments analyzed. Findings: As a result of the analysis, 42 themes were gathered under 10 categories. It was determined that the comments made were %41,4 negative, %30,5 neutral, %22, 2 positive and %5,9 related to a different situation independent of the subject. Originality: Developing technologies and globalization enabled brands to use new communication channels effectively in addition to traditional communication channels in consumer communication. Social media applications are at the forefront of new communication channels used in communication with the consumer. Especially, brands shape their brand images and attitudes of consumers towards their brands by taking into consideration the wishes of consumers by using social media effectively in their marketing activities. Similarly, with the use of social media, consumers share the positive and negative situations they experience with the brands they are in contact with through social media channels. While positive shares have a positive effect on business reputation and image, negative shares affect business image and reputation negatively. It is important to analyze what consumers say, which is important for businesses, in terms of making various discourses about the brand on social media. In this context, the in-depth examination of how and with what kind of questions and analysis of consumer statements makes the study unique. The results of the work are consıdered to be a guıde for brands.
The diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI in differentiating benign and malignant ovarian tumors: an indirect comparative analysis

Objective: To compare the value of Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in differentiating benign and malignant ovarian tumors.Material and Methods: Retrieved the research on the diagnostic performance of MRI or 18F-FDG PET/CT in identifying benign and malignant ovarian tumors published in PubMed and Embase from January 2000 to January 2021. Two authors independently extracted the data of the characteristics of each study. If the data of the study report can be used to construct a 2X2 contingency table comparing 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI, these studies were selected. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies were used to evaluate the quality of the studies. According to the sensitivity and specificity of 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI, forest plots is generated.Results：A total of 27 articles including 1118F-FDG PET/CT studies and 17 MRI studies on the differentiation of benign and malignant ovarian or accessory tumors were included for this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for 18F-FDG PET/CT in differentiating benign and malignant ovarian tumors were 0.92 (95% CI, 0.86-0.96) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.79-0.91), respectively, and the pooled sensitivity and specificity for MRI were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.89-0.95) and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.79-0.89), respectively.Conclusion：MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT have the same diagnostic performance in the differential diagnosis of ovarian benign and malignant tumors. However, MRI is more worthy of clinical application because of its lack of radiation, shorter scanning time, and lower medical costs.
A Longitudinal Study of Changes Observed in the 6-Min Walk Test Over a 4-Month Period in Healthy 6 to 12-Year-Old Children

Simpler and less expensive field tests, such as the 6-min walk test, have been employed to evaluate exercise tolerance in chronic paediatric conditions. However, patterns of longitudinal change for outcome measures could show initial gains attributable to normal growth and development in children. We aimed to verify the effect of growth on the distance achieved in 6-min walk test in children 6 to 12 years of age over a 4-month period. Healthy children from 6–12 years of age were recruited. Two trials of the 6-min walk test were performed on the same day and after a 4-month period. We employed the intraclass correlation coefficient to assess test-retest reliability when the 6-min walk test was applied with a 4-month time interval. 59 children (28 boys and 31 girls) were assessed. The distance covered in the 6-min walk test and anthropometric variables showed a statistically significant increase after 4 months. After 4 months, we established a 12% change from the initial measurement (79.69 m) as the minimal detectable change for a 90% confidence level, while a 15% change (94.66 m) was determined as the minimal detectable change for a 95% confidence level. Conclusions: The distance covered in the 6-min walk test improved as the children’s height increased, establishing a 12% change in the score of at least 79.69 m as the most appropriate value in interpreting longitudinal functional performance data when assessing exercise tolerance in healthy children aged 6 to 12 years.
Cytokines Activating ILCs2 in Patients With Obesity Before and After Bariatric Surgery Shortened Title: ILCs2 in Patients With Obesity

Abstract/Purpose: Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are integral regulators of adipose tissue type 2 immunity and respond to epithelial signals such as IL-25, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoeitin (TSLP). Purpose was to assess cytokines activating ILCs2 in serum of patients with obesity and effect of bariatric surgery on these parametersMaterial and Methods: In a single-center prospective study serum IL-25, IL-33, TSLP and ST2L levels were assayed at baseline and at 6 months after bariatric surgery and correlated with anthropometric changes and metabolism parameters.Results Mean age and median of BMI of study participants were 41.9 years ± 11 and 45.6 kg/m2 (range 36.3-56.3), respectively. Six months after surgery %EWL was 43.1 ± 10.2%. Serum TSLP was significantly lower in patients with obesity both before and after surgery than in healthy controls. TSLP values before operation were significantly correlated to HbA1c%, glucose plasma level and female sex. Serum IL-25, IL-33 and ST2L levels were comparable to controls both before and after operation. Conclusions: Decreased serum levels of TSLP may be a characteristic trait for obesity, however non-modifiable by body mass surgical reduction in short time observation. Low serum levels of TSLP are related to disturbances in glucose metabolism and female sex.
Important questions to progress science and sustainable management of anguillid eels

David Righton1,2 | Adam Piper3 | Kim Aarestrup4 | Elsa Amilhat5 | Claude Belpaire6 | John Casselman7 | Martin Castonguay8 | Estibaliz Díaz9 | Hendrik Dörner10 | Elisabeth Faliex5 | Eric Feunteun11 | Nobuto Fukuda12 | Reinhold Hanel13 | Celine Hanzen14 | Don Jellyman15 | Kenzo Kaifu16 | Kieran McCarthy17† | Michael J. Miller18 | Thomas Pratt19 | Pierre Sasal20 | Robert Schabetsberger21 | Hiromi Shiraishi22 | Gaël Simon5 | Niklas Sjöberg23 | Kristen Steele24 | Katsumi Tsukamoto18 | Alan Walker1 | Håkan Westerberg23 | Kazuki Yokouchi12 | Matthew Gollock25
The Etiology of Fever in Adults Presenting in Department of General Medicine in IGIMS

In India, febrile illness is one of the most common reasons for seeking medical attention, but there is limited information on the frequency of specific infections. Aim: To evaluate the causes of fever in patients. Method: 300 patients presented with fever seen between October 2019 to March 2020 were included in study. Results: In our study most common disease associated with fever was upper respiratory tract infection; 28.8% male and 26.8% female were diagnosed with URTI respectively. Second most common disease associated with fever was enteric fever; 20.3% male and 15.4% female were diagnosed with enteric fever. Dengue fever was the third most common disease associated with fever in our study; 16,3% male and 13% female had dengue fever. Urinary tract infection (UTI) and malaria were the fourth and fifth most common disease found in our study. Conclusion: Among febrile illness, URTI, enteric fever, dengue fever and malaria were the most common in this study. Scrub typhus should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with acute febrile illness. Tuberculosis needs to be considered in the diagnosis of febrile illnesses
Pharmacological Investigation of Genus Pistacia

Several plants in the genus Pistacia are used in the treatment of various pathogenic and non-pathogenic disorders. Especially important are the major species belonging to this genus such as Pistacia lentiscus, Pistacia atlantica, Pistacia vera, Pistacia terebinthus, and Pistacia khinjuk, among others; these have been reported for their potential benefits both in medical and commercial purposes. In addition, members of this genus exhibit numerous ethnomedicinal uses, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, antihypertension, antihyperlipidemic, antiviral, and antiasthma. In light of these potential uses, the present chapter aimed to collect and summarize the literature about all of this medicinal information. Accordingly, this chapter focuses on the pharmacological uses and benefits of the genus Pistacia, especially those related to health issues.
First-principles Simulation of Kinetics of Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Platinum Nanoparticles

Low operating temperatures, quiet operation, and high theoretical efficiencies, among a host of other features, make Polymer Electrolyte Membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) a desirable power source especially for portable electronics devices and applications in transportation. However, the sluggish electrochemical kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) occurring at the cathode catalyzed by Pt nanometer size metal particles limit the performance of these cells. Although current state-of-theart Pt/C nano-particle catalysts used for PEMFC show comparably high activity for ORR, the potential for improvement is obvious, for example, from the 9-fold higher activity of the pure Pt(111) surface [1].
Increased impact of the Tibetan Plateau Spring Snow Cover to the Meiyu Rainfall over the Yangtze River Valley after 1990s

This study investigated the increased impact of the spring (March-April-May) snow cover extent (SCE) over the western Tibetan Plateau (TP) (SSTP) to the Meiyu rainfall (June-July, JJ) over the Yangtze River valley (YRV) (MRYRV) after 1990s. The correlation between the MRYRV and SSTP is significantly increased from 1970-1992 (P1) to 1993-2015 (P2). In P1, the MRYRV-related SSTP anomalies locate southwest TP which cause a perturbation near the SWJ core and favor an eastward propagation in the form of a wave train. The wave train results in a southward shift of the SWJ over the ocean south of Japan in JJ and exerts a limited effect on the MRYRV. Differently, in P2, the MRYRV-related anomalous SSTP causes an anomalous cooling temperature and upper-level cyclonic system centered over the northwestern TP. The cyclonic system develops and extends eastward to the downstream region with time and reaches coastal East Asia in JJ. The anomalous westerly winds along its south flank cause an enhanced subtropical westerly jet (SWJ) which is accompanied by an anomalous lower-level air convergence and ascent motion near the YRV region, favoring enhanced MRYRV. In addition, the forecast experiments performed with empirical regression models illustrate that the prediction skill of the MRYRV variation is clearly increased in P2 with the additional forecast factor of the SSTP.