Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Roles of NAD+ in Acute and Chronic Kidney Diseases

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form, NAD+) is a critical coenzyme, with functions ranging from redox reactions and energy metabolism in mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation to being a central player in multiple cellular signaling pathways, organ resilience, health, and longevity. Many of its cellular functions are executed via serving as a co-substrate for sirtuins (SIRTs), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), and CD38. Kidney damage and diseases are common in the general population, especially in elderly persons and diabetic patients. While NAD+ is reduced in acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), mounting evidence indicates that NAD+ augmentation is beneficial to AKI, although conflicting results exist for cases of CKD. Here, we review recent progress in the field of NAD+, mainly focusing on compromised NAD+ levels in AKI and its effect on essential cellular pathways, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, compromised autophagy, and low expression of the aging biomarker αKlotho (Klotho) in the kidney. We also review the compromised NAD+ levels in renal fibrosis and senescence cells in the case of CKD. As there is an urgent need for more effective treatments for patients with injured kidneys, further studies on NAD+ in relation to AKI/CKD may shed light on novel therapeutics.
Transition Metal Doped Bismuthene and Mn-Bi/CrI3 Heterostructure for High Anisotropy Energy and Half-Metallicity

Magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials is the key parameter for designing next-generation spintronic devices. Here, using first-principle calculations based on density functional theory (DFT), the variance in MAE and other magnetic properties is observed for transition metal (TM) doped bismuth monolayer (bismuthene). This doped system shows a significant modulation in the magnetic moment, MAE, Curie temperature Tc, and charge transfer. However, Mn-doped bismuthene exhibits half-metallicity with a maximum magnetic moment of 4μB (Bohr magneton) that is 17% higher than Fe-doped bismuthene. The maximum MAE extracted for Mn-doped bismuthene is 27.51% higher than the Ti-doped system. On the basis of these findings, the electronic and magnetic characteristics of Mn-doped bismuthene (Mn-Bi) and monolayer CrI3 van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures are also investigated. In Mn-Bi/CrI3 van der Waals heterostructure, the half-metal Mn-Bi can induce the half-metallicity in CrI3 through charge transfer. Compared to other doped systems, Mn-Bi presents the most favorable magnetic properties. Thus, Mn-Bi/CrI3 heterostructure paves the path for the development of spintronic devices.
TÉCNICAS DE ENSEMBLE LEARNING PARA SISTEMA DE DETECÇÃO DE INTRUSÃO NO CONTEXTO DA CIBERSEGURANÇA

Recently, there has been an interest in improving the resources available in Intrusion Detection System (IDS) techniques. In this sense, several studies related to cybersecurity show that the environment invasions and information kidnapping are increasingly recurrent and complex. The criticality of the business involving operations in an environment using computing resources does not allow the vulnerability of the information. Cybersecurity has taken on a dimension within the universe of indispensable technology in corporations, and the prevention of risks of invasions into the environment is dealt with daily by Security teams. Thus, the main objective of the study was to investigate the Ensemble Learning technique using the Stacking method, supported by the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and k-Nearest Neighbour (kNN) algorithms aiming at an optimization of the results for DDoS attack detection. For this, the Intrusion Detection System concept was used with the application of the Data Mining and Machine Learning Orange tool to obtain better results
Parametric Sound Fields Formed by Phase-inversion Excitation of Primary Waves

Two planar ultrasound projectors having identical rectangular apertures were placed side by side. Both projectors radiated bifrequency primary waves in air. The frequencies were 26 and 28 kHz, and the initial phases were different. Two driving modes were considered, namely, conventional in-phase driving and phase-inversion driving. The spatial profiles of sound pressure fields were measured along and across the sound beam axis for the primary waves and for the difference frequency wave of 2 kHz. The second and third harmonic components of the difference frequency waves were also measured. The pressure levels of the primary waves were considerably suppressed near the beam axis owing to phase cancellation when the driving signals were phase-inversed, i.e., 180 degrees out of phase. The beam pattern of the difference frequency was, however, almost the same as that for the case in which the signals were in phase. Interestingly, the harmonic pressure amplitudes of the difference frequency were reduced by more than 10 dB. The validity of the experimental results were confirmed based on their good agreement with the theoretical predictions based on the Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov equation.
Body Fat Reduction Effect of Bifidobacterium breve B-3: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Comparative Clinical Trial

This double-blind, randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Bifidobacterium breve B-3 (BB-3) for reducing body fat. Healthy individuals were randomized into the BB-3 or placebo group (1:1). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to evaluate body fat reduction objectively. In the BB-3 group, body weight was lower than before BB-3 ingestion. Regarding waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist/hip circumference ratio, waist circumference and hip circumference were lower in the BB-3 group than in the placebo group at 12 weeks; the waist/hip circumference ratio was found to decrease at each visit in the BB-3 group, although there was no significant difference in the amount of change after 12 weeks. BB-3 did not cause any severe adverse reactions. Body fat was significantly lower in the BB-3 group than in the placebo group. In conclusion, ingesting BB-3 significantly reduces body weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference. Thus, BB-3 is safe and effective for reducing body fat.
Attention Functions and Deficits in Children

Attention is essential for most, if not all, information processing pathway that transforms stimulus input into response output. Attention is comprised of multiple components and is not a unitary construct. Attention disorders are among the most prevalent varieties of childhood disorders and result in adverse long-term outcomes such as antisocial behavior and poor academic performance. Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) was the most common cause of attention deficit in children. ADHD may be one of the most common childhood mental health conditions in the world. The cause of most ADHD cases is unknown; however, it is believed to involve interactions between genetic, environmental and psychosocial factors. The purpose of the current review paper was to review the literature about the attention functions and its deficits in children to provide a rational basis for the implementation of appropriate assessment and therapeutic intervention.
Advances in Understanding the Genetic Mechanisms of Zebrafish Renal Multiciliated Cell Development

Cilia are microtubule-based organelles that project from the cell surface. In humans and other vertebrates, possession of a single cilium structure enables an assortment of cellular processes ranging from mechanosensation to fluid propulsion and locomotion. Interestingly, cells can possess a single cilium or many more, where so-called multiciliated cells (MCCs) possess apical membrane complexes with several dozen or even hundreds of motile cilia that beat in a coordinated fashion. Development of MCCs is, therefore, integral to control fluid flow and/or cellular movement in various physiological processes. As such, MCC dysfunction is associated with numerous pathological states. Understanding MCC ontogeny can be used to address congenital birth defects as well as acquired disease conditions. Today, researchers used both in vitro and in vivo experimental models to address our knowledge gaps about MCC specification and differentiation. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries from our lab and others that have illuminated new insights regarding the genetic pathways that direct MCC ontogeny in the embryonic kidney using the power of the zebrafish animal model.
Global research status of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a bibliometric analysis

Purpose The aim of this study is to comprehensively analyze the publications of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) research and display the current research status in this field. Methods Articles regarding ACLR research published before October 7, 2021, were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection. Excel 2016 and Bibliometric website were used to analyze the annual article trends and international cooperation network. CiteSpace V and VOSviewer were used to perform co-occurrence and citation analyses for journals, institutions, authors, cocitation authors and keywords. Burst keyword detection was also performed with CiteSpace V. Results A total of 12 223 ACLR articles were identified. The American Journal of Sports Medicine (1636 publications, 92,310 citations), the Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (624 publications, 25,304 citations) and Freddie H. Fu (321 publications, 15,245 citations) were journals, institutions and authors with the most publications and citations, respectively. Patellar tendon was the keyword with the most occurrences (1618 times) and return to sport was the keyword with the most burst strength (burst strength: 46.99). Conclusion ACLR-related publications showed a rapid increasing trend since 1990. A large number of articles have been published by authors from different institutions and countries, some of which have gained great academic influence. Based on keyword analysis, patellar tendon is identified as the research hotspot and return to sport is identified as the current research frontier.
Examining the role of the uncinate fasciculus in proper noun naming: awake brain tumor resections and stereo EEG targeted electrical stimulation multiple case study

ABSTRACT While there is strong evidence from lesion and functional imaging studies implicating the left anterior temporal pole (LTP) in naming unique entities, less is known about white matter tracts in category-specific naming. We present evidence that implicates the uncinate fasciculus (UF) in proper noun naming. First, we describe two patients with left LTP gliomas who developed category specific worsening in proper noun naming in real time during awake surgery when the UF was surgically involved . We then describe a third case involving targeted electrical stimulation of the UF using stereo-electroencephalography (sEEG) that resulted in category specific naming disturbance for proper nouns.
Heart Rate Variability in Elite International ITF Junior Davis Cup Tennis Players

Simple Summary The precompetitive anxiety should be controlled in athletes to optimize their performance. In this regard, heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive tool to assess the autonomic nervous system balance. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the HRV response of elite international junior tennis players during an international tournament. Eleven players participate in this study, with a mean age of 15.36 (0.67) years old. The HRV of tennis players are assessed 24 h before the event, and immediately before the first and the second match of the ITF Junior Davis Cup event. Each of the registers lasted 5 min and the time domain, frequency domain, and non-linear variables were extracted. Results show that elite tennis players did not decrease the HRV between the baseline and the first match. However, the HRV response significantly differed between the baseline and the second match. Nevertheless, anxiety was higher before the first match than before the second match. Coaches and physical trainers could use HRV to control and manage the precompetitive anxiety of junior tennis players. The experience in international tournaments and the familiarization with the environment in the second match could explain these results. Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the evolution of the HRV during an international team tennis tournament in elite junior tennis players. A total of 11 tennis players, with a mean age of 15.36 (0.67) from six nationalities, participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants were measured one day before the event, before the first match, and before the second match of the ITF Junior Davis Cup event. Each of the registers lasted 5 min and the time domain, frequency domain and non-linear variables were extracted. The tournament took place in Valencia (Spain). Results showed that there was not a significant decrease in the heart rate variability (HRV) induced by precompetitive stress. However, significant differences (p-value < 0.05) were found between baseline and second match pre-competition HRV values in low frequency (LFNu) (p-value = 0.008) and high frequency (HFNu) power (p-value = 0.008), LF/HF ratio (p-value = 0.008) and Sample Entropy (SampEn) (p-value = 0.033) variables. Furthermore, cognitive anxiety (measured by CSAI-2r) (p-value = 0.017) and anxiety (measured by STAI-S) (p-value = 0.042) were higher before the first match than before the second match. Coaches and physical trainers could use HRV to control and manage the precompetitive anxiety of junior tennis players. The experience in international tournaments and the familiarization with the environment in the second match could explain these results.
Recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of osteoarthritis

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common debilitating disease affecting the geriatric population. Management of osteoarthritis is a challenge for orthopedicians because till date there has been no such drug that can completely cure the disease or at least retard/arrest the disease progression. In addition to the currently available treatment options for OA like NSAIDs, opioids, nutraceuticals (glucosamine sulphate and chondroitin sulphate), many new drugs are being discovered or repurposed for use in osteoarthritis. Most of these recent drugs aim at retarding the disease progression rather than providing just a symptomatic relief. Materials and methods: All relevant articles regarding approved new drugs and pipeline drugs for osteoarthritis published between 2012–2021 were analysed. Those included animal studies as well as clinical trials. Some older articles were also referred to, provided they highlighted any significant data. The obtained data were analysed and compiled. Results and discussion: Broadly the recent drugs for OA can be classified based upon their site of action as (i) drugs targeting articular cartilage, (ii) drugs targeting inflammation, (iii) drugs targeting the subchondral bone, and (iv) drugs for relieving pain. Ranging from in vitro studies to clinical trials, these drugs are in various phases of drug discovery. Early diagnosis of OA and its management with a drug that retards disease progression rather
THE ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS DETERMINING DIGITAL INVESTMENT OF INDIVIDUALS IN THE BALTIC AND NORDIC COUNTRIES

Digital investment is becoming more and more popular and accessible not only to legal entities, but also to individuals. The article examines the factors that determine successful digital investment – financial literacy and digital literacy. Research aim – to analyse the factors determining the digital investment of individuals in the Baltic and Nordic countries. Two countries from each region have been selected for the analysis: Latvia and Lithuania from the Baltic countries, and Finland and Sweden from the Nordic countries. Research methods: the analysis of the scientific literature; the analysis of statistical data; systematisation and generalisation. It has been identified that, during the analysed period, the household investment rate varied unevenly, but in Sweden it stood out the most significantly – it was about twice as high as in Finland and in the Baltic countries. The lowest household investment rate was in Latvia. It has been observed that the share of individuals with basic digital skills was significantly higher in the Nordic countries than in the Baltic countries. Although Finland's real GDP (gross domestic product) per capita was significantly higher than in the Baltic countries, the analysis revealed that the dynamics of household investment rates was not as high as in Sweden, only slightly higher than in the Baltic countries. Arguably, Sweden had the highest digital investment opportunities in terms of household investment rates and the share of individuals with basic digital skills.
Polarization instability and relative intensity noise in vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers

We observe a polarization instability in circularly symmetric vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers. A relatively long time, 3–5 ns, is required to establish a dominant polarization state. Under high‐speed digital modulation this leads to strong enhancement, 20–30 dB, in polarization resolved low‐frequency relative intensity noise. This polarization instability is accurately described by a simple rate‐equation model. A similar increase in relative intensity noise, under dc bias, is caused by energy partition between orthogonally polarized modes.
Measuring post-traumatic stress disorder and complex post-traumatic stress disorder using the International Trauma Questionnaire: results from a Hungarian clinical and non-clinical sample

ABSTRACT Background: The 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) simplified the description of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and also introduced a new trauma-related diagnosis called complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). CPTSD is linked to earlier, prolonged interpersonal trauma, and is characterized by a broader range of symptoms, in addition to the core PTSD symptoms. The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) has been developed to assess the new diagnostic criteria. Objectives: The primary aim of our study was to test the factor structure of the ITQ in a clinical and a non-clinical Hungarian sample. We also examined whether the degree of traumatization or the type of trauma experienced was associated with meeting the criteria for PTSD or CPTSD, or with the severity of PTSD or disturbances in self-organization (DSO) symptoms, in both samples. Method: A trauma-exposed heterogeneous clinical sample (N = 176) and a non-clinical sample (N = 229) filled out the ITQ and a modified version of the Life Events Checklist (LEC-5). The factor structure of the ITQ was tested by examining the model fit of seven competing confirmatory factor analysis models. Results: A two-factor second-order model with a second-order PTSD factor (measured by three first-order factors) and a DSO factor (measured directly by six symptoms) had the best fit to the data in both samples if an error correlation was allowed between negative self-concept items. Those in the clinical group who reported more interpersonal and childhood trauma experienced more PTSD and DSO symptoms. Also, there were significant, positive, and weak associations between the total number of different traumas and PTSD and DSO factor scores in both samples. Conclusion: ITQ was found to be a reliable tool to differentiate between PTSD and CPTSD, two related but distinct constructs in a clinical and a non-clinical trauma-exposed sample in Hungary. Highlights: The distinction between PTSD and DSO as related but separate constructs was validated using the ITQ in a Hungarian clinical and non-clinical sample. CPTSD was more frequent than PTSD among general help-seeking clinical clients, while in the non-clinical sample PTSD had a higher prevalence rate. Interpersonal trauma in childhood and adulthood was associated with more PTSD and DSO symptoms.
Quality Improvement in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review

Background Quality improvement interventions are used extensively in health care, aiming to improve delivery and promote best practice. The impact of quality improvement interventions implemented in stroke rehabilitation remains unclear. Objective The aim of this scoping review is to examine the different types of published quality improvement interventions in stroke rehabilitation and their impact on improving the quality of care. Materials and Methods A scoping review was performed in the PubMed, Embase and CINAHL databases. QI studies evaluating interventions for stroke rehabilitation patients that were published up to August 2020 were included. The review looked at the types of quality improvement interventions that have been evaluated as well as the improvements/impacts reported for quality improvement interventions for stroke patients in rehabilitation. Results We reviewed 1580 studies, twelve quality improvement interventions met inclusion criteria and were included in the current study. Six studies involved organizational change, three studies involved provider education and audit-feedback and three studies involved provider education. Of the twelve quality improvement interventions that have been included, >90% reported improvements (91.6%). In the majority of cases, improvements were noted through implementation of a myriad of interventions. Several facilitators and barriers were noted during implementation and contributed to success or failure of the intervention. Conclusion There is paucity of full-text peer-reviewed published research investigating quality improvement interventions for improving the quality of care in stroke rehabilitation. The current review offers value to healthcare providers in terms of key success factors, contextual factors, barriers and facilitators associated with improvements in stroke rehabilitation.
Factors that influence acrylamide formation in fried foods: a review

Acrylamide (AA) is an industrial chemical used in the production of polyacrylamides: It was discovered in food during the thermal processing (frying, baking, grilling, and roasting, among other things) of a wide range of foods (mostly starchy foods). Frying is one of the pathway for acrylamide formation, in which oil is heated to temperatures above the smoke point, which results in the production of acrolein known as the acrolein pathway. The formation of acrylamide during frying is influenced by a variety of factors. The article examines the factors contributing to the formation of acrylamide in various fried food products. These factors include processing time and temperature, type of oil, size of food, reused oil, food type and brand, storage conditions, presence of antioxidant in oil and so on.