Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bcr4 Is a Chaperone for the Inner Rod Protein in the Bordetella Type III Secretion System

The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a needle-like complex that projects outward from bacterial cells. Bordetella bronchiseptica uses the T3SS to inject virulence proteins into host cells. Our previous study reported that a protein named Bcr4 is essential for the secretion of virulence proteins from B. bronchiseptica bacterial cells and delivery through the T3SS. ABSTRACT Bordetella bronchiseptica injects virulence proteins called effectors into host cells via a type III secretion system (T3SS) conserved among many Gram-negative bacteria. Small proteins called chaperones are required to stabilize some T3SS components or localize them to the T3SS machinery. In a previous study, we identified a chaperone-like protein named Bcr4 that regulates T3SS activity in B. bronchiseptica. Bcr4 does not show strong sequence similarity to well-studied T3SS proteins of other bacteria, and its function remains to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which Bcr4 controls T3SS activity. A pulldown assay revealed that Bcr4 interacts with BscI, based on its homology to other bacterial proteins, to be an inner rod protein of the T3SS machinery. An additional pulldown assay using truncated Bcr4 derivatives and secretion profiles of B. bronchiseptica producing truncated Bcr4 derivatives showed that the Bcr4 C-terminal region is necessary for the interaction with BscI and activation of the T3SS. Moreover, the deletion of BscI abolished the secretion of type III secreted proteins from B. bronchiseptica and the translocation of a cytotoxic effector into cultured mammalian cells. Finally, we show that BscI is unstable in the absence of Bcr4. These results suggest that Bcr4 supports the construction of the T3SS machinery by stabilizing BscI. This is the first demonstration of a chaperone for the T3SS inner rod protein among the virulence bacteria possessing the T3SS. IMPORTANCE The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a needle-like complex that projects outward from bacterial cells. Bordetella bronchiseptica uses the T3SS to inject virulence proteins into host cells. Our previous study reported that a protein named Bcr4 is essential for the secretion of virulence proteins from B. bronchiseptica bacterial cells and delivery through the T3SS. Because other bacteria lack a Bcr4 homologue, the function of Bcr4 has not been elucidated. In this study, we discovered that Bcr4 interacts with BscI, a component of the T3SS machinery. We show that a B. bronchiseptica BscI-deficient strain was unable to secrete type III secreted proteins. Furthermore, in a B. bronchiseptica strain that overproduces T3SS component proteins, Bcr4 is required to maintain BscI in bacterial cells. These results suggest that Bcr4 stabilizes BscI to allow construction of the T3SS in B. bronchiseptica.
The analysis of the deformation state of the double-wave guardrail mounted on bridges and viaducts of the motor roads in Lithuania and Ukraine

Abstract Traffic safety mainly depends on vehicles, pedestrians and road infrastructure. On highways, the heaviest traffic accidents are associated with crossing of the dividing strips by a vehicle and its collision with side obstacles on the junction or road bridge exit. These accidents often occur, when vehicles, running at a high speed, collide with obstacles, which may cause human injuries. In such cases, the probability of fatalities or heavy injuries to people in a traffic accident is very high. Road traffic infrastructure plays an important part in ensuring traffic safety on urban roads and highways. It includes guardrails, speed bumps, pedestrian safety islands, traffic regulation systems, road information infrastructure, etc. Guardrail (known as civil engineering element and traffic safety element) installation may help to reduce the number of human injuries and fatalities caused by traffic accidents. Guardrails of various types are installed on the roads of Lithuania and Ukraine. Guardrails, con.
Modeling of Multi-Stage Fractured Horizontal Wells

····················································································· I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ······································································ III DEDICATION ···················································································· IV TABLE OF CONTENTS ·········································································V LIST OF TABLES ················································································ IX LIST OF FIGURES ················································································X LIST OF APPENDICES ······································································ XIV NOMENCLATURE ··············································································XV CHAPTER
Fostering geothermal development in Hungary : Opportunities and bottlenecks

Hungary has very good geothermal prospects and the use of geothermal energy has a long history in district heating, agricultural and balneology utilizations. After Turkey, Iceland and Italy, the country was ranked in 4th place regarding installed geothermal direct use in Europe in 2015. Geothermal resources are providing constant energy output, which is independent from weather conditions and time, utilize safe technology, which does not endanger human life and evades the possibility of huge human and environmental catastrophes, as well as having a lower carbon footprint than most other renewable energy utilizations. Therefore, geothermal energy is suitable for reaching various environmental and energy efficiency aims, energy policy targets, and also to reduce fossil energy dependency. Hungary has very ambitious geothermal energy utilization targets to fulfil the country’s EU 2020 aims, which require fast and effective development of geothermal utilization policies and projects. There are several EU and nationally supported projects, however private investors seem to be waiting to enter the Hungarian geothermal market and the number of new project inquiries has been decreasing since 2011. Therefore, strengthening of geothermal energy policy and related procedures could be a useful asset and toolkit for better enabling new investors to enter the market and help fulfilling the 2020 geothermal energy targets. Support for geothermal exploration and revision of the legislative, financial and policy interfaces and interplay of the institutional, legislative and business environment of geothermal projects in order to remove bottlenecks can have a crucial role in strengthening exiting opportunities and in reducing the barriers of future geothermal development. In this report, current status of the Hungarian institutional, legislative and business environments related to geothermal energy utilization are analysed and evaluated from the investor perspective. Relevant good international practices are incorporated, as well as practical experiences of the first geothermal electricityproducing project of Hungary, which is expected to be online in July 2017. This should provide development recommendations and enable better geothermal development in Hungary. The report draws conclusions concerning the policy and regulatory framework, which is essential and needed to promote geothermal development.
Effect of Temperature and Drying Time on Chemical, physical and Organoleptic Characteristics of Dry Winged Beans

Indigenous vegetables are part of Indonesia's biodiversity. Indonesia is among the three mega biodiversity after Brazil and Madagascar. Until now, the attention to indigenous vegetables is still lacking. The challenge is how to raise the potential of indigenous vegetables to compete with main vegetables and how to develop them. Related to the increasing need for food, efforts are needed to increase the development of indigenous vegetables, especially winged bean. For its development, post-harvest handling is required, one of which is drying. The problem faced was how the effect of temperature and drying time on the chemical, physical and organoleptic characterustucs of dry winged bean. Factorial randomized block design was used in the study. Research objected was to know effect of temperature and drying time on quality of chemical (vitamin C, ash, moisture content, protein, carbohydrate, fat, crude fiber), physical (rendemen) and organoleptic (color, taste, aroma, crispiness, appearance) of dried winged beans. The first factor was the drying temperature consisting of : 50°C and 60°C. Second factor was drying time, namely : 20 hours, 24 hours and 28 hours. The results showed that the interaction between temperature and drying time affected on vitamin C and yield. The best characteristic of dry winged bean was 60°C for 20 hours. As a suggestion: it was necessary to look for packaging that can maintain quality and shelf life.
Research on the Subjective Mental Health of Artists from the Perspective of Grounded Theory

Objective: This research adopts qualitative research methods to explore the susceptibility and experiences concerning mental health of domestic artists, with a view to constructing the grounded theory model related to the subjective mental health of domestic artists. Methodology: Intensive sampling and comprehensive sampling strategies were utilized to obtain sample data related to five artists, while in-depth interviews were adopted to collect data totaling about 118,000 words. Based on grounded theory, this research further performed three-level coding processing on the foregoing data. Findings: Based on the establishment of 374 reference points, this research acquired 5 tree nodes, which could be divided into 5 categories, including intrinsic health (cognitive and emotional health), language efficacy, individualism, recognized mental health and process orientation in accordance with the quantity of reference points. Conclusion: The subjective mental health of artists mainly involves 5 cultural factors, including the cognition of "recognized mental health", the intrinsic health experienced (cognitive and emotional health), language efficacy, individualism and process orientation, which in turn generate significant impacts on the subjective mental health of artists.
Image Reconstruction of Low Conductivity Material Distribution using Magnetic Induction Tomography

Magnetic induction tomography (MIT) is a non-invasive, soft field imaging modality that has the potential to map the electrical conductivity (? ) distribution inside an object under investigation. In MIT, a number of exciter and receiver coils are distributed around the periphery of the object. A primary magnetic field is emitted by each exciter, and interacts with the object. This induces eddy currents in the object, which in turn create a secondary field. This latter is coupled to the receiver coils and voltages are induced. An image reconstruction algorithm is then used to infer the conductivity map of the object. In this thesis, the application of MIT for volumetric imaging of objects with low conductivity materials (< 5 Sm-1) and dimensions < 1 m is investigated. In particular, two low conductivity applications are approached: imaging cerebral stroke and imaging the saline water in multiphase flows. In low conductivity applications, the measured signals are small and the spatial sensitivity is critically compromised making the associated inverse problem severely non-linear and ill-posed.The main contribution from this study is to investigate three non-linear optimisation techniques for solving the MIT inverse problem. The first two methods namely, regularised Levenberg Marquardt method and trust region Powell? s Dog Leg method employ damping and trust region strategies respectively. The third method is a modification of the Gauss Newton method and utilises a damping regularisation technique. An optimisation in the convergence and stability of the inverse solution was observed with these methods compared to standard Gauss Newton method. For such non linear treatment, re-evaluation of the forward problem is also required. The forward problem is solved numerically using the impedance method and a weakly coupled field approximation is employed to reduce the computation time and memory requirements. For treating the ill-posedness, different regularisation methods are investigated. Results show that the subspace regularisation technique is suitable for absolute imaging of the stroke in a real head model with synthetic data. Tikhonov based smoothing and edge preserving regularisation methods also produced successful results from simulations of oil/water. However, in a practical setup, still large geometrical and positioning noise causes a major problem and only difference imaging was viable to achieve a reasonable reconstruction.
Sharpness of the Percolation Phase Transition for the Contact Process on $\mathbb{Z}^d$

We study percolation properties of the upper invariant measure of the contact process on $\mathbb{Z}^d$. Our main result is a sharp percolation phase transition with exponentially small clusters throughout the subcritical regime and a mean-field lower bound for the infinite cluster density in the supercritical regime. This generalizes and simplifies an earlier result of Van den Berg [Ann. App. Prob. , 2011], who proved a sharp percolation phase transition on $\mathbb{Z}^2$. Our proof relies on the OSSS inequality for Boolean functions and is inspired by a series of papers by Duminil-Copin, Raoufi and Tassion in which they prove similar sharpness results for a variety of models.
THE PANCHROMATIC HUBBLE ANDROMEDA TREASURY. XVII. EXAMINING OBSCURED STAR FORMATION WITH SYNTHETIC ULTRAVIOLET FLUX MAPS IN M31

We present synthetic far- and near-ultraviolet ( FUV and NUV ) maps of M31, both with and without dust reddening. These maps were constructed from spatially resolved star formation histories (SFHs) derived from optical Hubble Space Telescope imaging of resolved stars, taken as part of the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury program. We use stellar population synthesis modeling to generate synthetic UV maps with a spatial resolution of ∼100 pc (∼24 arcsec), projected. When reddening is included, these maps reproduce all of the main morphological features in the GALEX imaging, including rings and large star-forming complexes. The predicted UV flux also agrees well with the observed flux, with median ratios between the modeled and observed flux of log 10 ( f FUV syn / f FUV obs ) = 0.03 ± 0.24 and log 10 ( f NUV syn / f NUV obs ) = − 0.03 ± 0.16 in the FUV and NUV , respectively. This agreement is particularly impressive given that we used only optical photometry to construct these UV maps. Having verified the synthetic reddened maps, we use the dust-free maps to examine properties of obscured flux and star formation. We compare our dust-free and reddened maps of FUV flux with the observed GALEX FUV flux and FUV + 24 μm flux to examine the fraction of obscured flux. We find that the maps of synthetic flux require that ∼90% of the FUV flux in M31 is obscured by dust, while the GALEX -based methods suggest that ∼70% of the FUV flux is absorbed by dust. This 30% increase in the estimate of the obscured flux is driven by significant differences between the dust-free synthetic FUV flux and that derived when correcting the observed FUV flux for dust absorption with 24 μm emission observations. The difference is further illustrated when we compare the SFRs derived from the FUV + 24 μm flux with the 100 Myr average SFR from the CMD-based SFHs. We find that the 24 μm corrected FUV flux underestimates the SFR by a factor of 2.3–2.5, depending on the chosen calibration. This discrepancy could be reduced by allowing for variability in the weight applied to the 24 μm data, as has been recently suggested in the literature.
Comparison of serum and urine free light chain analysis in clinical diagnosis

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Regularity conditions and intersecting hypergraphs

Let (9, A-) be a hypergraph with a transitive group of automorphisms. Suppose further that any four edges of 9 intersect non trivially. Denoting \X\ by n we prove \9\ — 0(2"). We show as well that it is not sufficient to suppose regularity instead of the transitivity of Aut(9").
MMeR: an algorithm for clustering heterogeneous data using rough set theory

Several cluster analysis techniques have been developed so far to group objects having similar characteristics. Clustering of categorical data is more challenging than that of numerical data. Most of the early cluster analysis techniques face problems due to the fact that much of the data contained in today's databases is categorical in nature. This necessitated the development of some algorithms for clustering categorical data. Uncertainty is an integral part of databases. The algorithms put forth either lack the capability to handle uncertainty or do not reach a steady state in a few iterations, which gives rise to the stability issues. Recently, an algorithm, termed MMR was proposed (Parmar et al., 2007), which uses the rough set theory to deal with the above problems in clustering categorical data. In this paper, we modified MMR to develop an improved algorithm and call it MMeR. This takes care of both numerical and categorical data simultaneously besides handling uncertainty. Also, this new algorithm provides much better performance than most of the existing algorithms including MMR. Some well known data sets are taken to test and illustrate the superiority of MMeR over most of the existing algorithms.
Two dimensional spatial Argon metastable dynamics in HiPIMS discharges

The spatial and temporal dynamics of the Ar metastable (ArM ? >) density and temperature is studied by an extended Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy set-up (TDLAS) within a High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) pulse. A beam expander in combination with a photo diode array is used to simultaneously measure the spatial and time resolved absorption profile of an ArM ? > transition. HiPIMS discharges are known for their complex physics, e.g. drifting ionisation zones called spokes, that occur in a discharge with crossed magnetic and electric fields. By analysing the Doppler shift of the absorption line, we found evidence for a small azimuthal velocity of the ArM ? > in E×B ? > direction. However, this observed azimuthal velocity is three orders of magnitude slower than the reported ion drift velocities and four orders of magnitudes slower than the E×B ? > drift velocity. This finding may be caused by the weak coupling between the plasma rotation driven by E×B ? > drift and the background gas, providing an estimate of the coupling between the plasma drifting in E×B ? > direction and the neutral background gas.
Anisotropy and isotope effect in superconducting solid hydrogen

Elucidating the phase diagram of solid hydrogen is a key objective in condensed matter physics. Several decades ago, it was proposed that at low temperatures and high pressures, solid hydrogen would be a metal with a high superconducting transition temperature. This transition to a metallic state can happen through the closing of the energy gap in the molecular solid or through a transition to an atomic solid. Recent experiments have managed to reach pressures in the range of 400–500 GPa, providing valuable insights. There is strong evidence suggesting that metallization via either of these mechanisms occurs within this pressure range. Computational and experimental studies have identified multiple promising crystal phases, but the limited accuracy of calculations and the limited capabilities of experiments prevent us from determining unequivocally the observed phase or phases. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the superconducting properties of all the candidate phases. Recently, we reported the superconducting properties of the C2/c-24, Cmca-12, Cmca-4 and I41/amd-2 phases, including anharmonic effects. Here, we report the effects of anisotropy on superconducting properties using Eliashberg theory. Then, we investigate the superconducting properties of deuterium and estimate the size of the isotope effect for each phase. We find that the isotope effect on superconductivity is diminished by anharmonicity in the C2/c-24 and Cmca-12 phases and enlarged in the Cmca-4 and I41/amd-2 phases. Our anharmonic calculations of the C2/c-24 phase of deuterium agree closely with the most recent experiment by Loubeyre et al (2022 Phys. Rev. Lett. 29 035501), indicating that the C2/c-24 phase remains the leading candidate in this pressure range, and has a strong anharmonic character. These characteristics can serve to distinguish among crystal phases in experiment. Furthermore, expanding our understanding of superconductivity in pure hydrogen holds significance in the study of high-Tc hydrides.