Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stability of commercial parenteral lipid emulsions repacking to polypropylene syringes

To accommodate small fluid volumes, repackaging of intravenous lipid emulsions is frequently performed in hospitals providing parenteral nutrition to neonates and smaller pediatric patients. The physical stability of lipid commercial parenteral emulsions repacked and stored in polypropylene syringe up to 30 days at room temperature, refrigerator and 40°C was determined to establish options for extended storage. Lipid emulsions in the manufacturers’ original containers were used as references. Commercial lipid emulsions (20% of oil phase), ClinOleic, Intralipid, Smoflipid, Omegaven and Lipofindin LCT/MCT were repackaged under aseptic conditions in polypropylene syringes and stored at 4°C, 25°C and 40°C without light protection. Samples were assayed periodically over 30 days using validated, stability-indicating methods. Lipid emulsions in the manufacturers’ containers stored in the same conditions were as references. Analysis of variance showed differences in the physical parameters due to temperature (p<0.05) and study day (p<0.05) but not the type of the emulsion (p = 0.98). The parenteral lipid emulsions in polypropylene syringe exhibited identical (except Z-avarage at 40°C, t = 30 days) to original containers time-dependent behavior taking into account the mean globule size, pH, and zeta potential measurements. Size of oily droplets of all test conditions remained below the United States Pharmacopeia limits. The results allow safe repacking of commercial lipid emulsion in a syringe, which is a necessary condition for supplying parenteral nutrition using the two-in-one method for newborns. However, longer storage than 12 h of repacked emulsion needs microbiological studies.
Complications in the first 10 phacoemulsification cataract surgeries with and without prior simulator training.

PURPOSE To evaluate whether training medical residents with the Eyesi® cataract surgery simulator reduces the occurrence of intraoperative complications. METHODS This was a retrospective study in which the first 10 phacoemulsification surgeries performed by two groups of second-year ophthalmology residents were evaluated, during 2014 and 2015. The first Group consisted of seven residents from 2014 who had not had previous training with the simulator. The second Group was formed of seven residents in 2015, who had completed the C-level (intermediate) training with the simulator before beginning surgery on patients. We then compared these two groups regarding the frequency of occurrence of the four main intraoperative surgical complications: posterior capsule rupture, aphakia, and nucleus fragment dislocation into the vitreous, and extracapsular conversion. RESULTS A total of 140 surgeries were performed, 70 by Group 1 and 70 by Group 2. The total number of complications was 19 (27.14%) in Group 1 and nine (12.86%) in Group 2, and this reduction was significant (p=0.031). Fourteen (20%) surgeries in Group 1 and seven (10%) in Group 2 had complications. The complications were 13 posterior capsule ruptures (18.57%) in Group 1 and seven (10%) in Group 2; three eyes had nucleus fragment dislocations (4.29%) in Group 1, but only one (1.43%) in Group 2; two extracapsular conversions (2.86%) occurred in Group 1 and one (1.43%) in Group 2; and there was one aphakia (1.43%) in Group 1. CONCLUSIONS The training with the Eyesi® cataract surgery simulator significantly reduced the total number of intraoperative complications in the first 10 phacoemulsification cataract surgeries performed by ophthalmology residents.
PP2A activation alone and in combination with cisplatin decreases cell growth and tumor formation in human HuH6 hepatoblastoma cells

Despite an increase in incidence, treatments for hepatoblastoma remain virtually unchanged for the past 20 years, emphasizing the need for novel therapeutics. FTY720 (fingolimod) is an immunomodulator approved for use in multiple sclerosis in children that has been demonstrated to have anti-cancer properties in multiple cancer types. We have demonstrated that FTY720 activates PP2A in hepatoblastoma, but does not do so via inhibition of the endogenous inhibitors, CIP2A and I2PP2A, as previously observed in other cancers. PP2A activation in hepatoblastoma decreased cell viability, proliferation, and motility and induced apoptosis. In a subcutaneous xenograft model, FTY720 decreased tumor growth. FTY720 in combination with the standard chemotherapeutic, cisplatin, decreased proliferation in a synergistic manner. Finally, animals bearing subcutaneous hepatoblastoma xenografts treated with FTY720 and cisplatin in combination had significantly decreased tumor growth compared to those treated with either drug alone. These findings show that targeting PP2A with FTY70 shows promise in the treatment of hepatoblastoma and that combining FTY720 with cisplatin may be a novel and effective strategy to better treat this devastating pediatric liver tumor.
A Transdiagnostic Examination of Self-Regulation: Comparisons Across Preschoolers with ASD, ADHD, and Typically Developing Children

The purpose of the current study was to identify profiles of self-regulation across executive functioning (EF) and emotion regulation (ER) and examine profiles’s impact on treatment outcomes. Participants included 100 preschoolers (Mage = 4.73, 75% Male, 79% Hispanic) including 37 with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ASD+ADHD), 32 with ADHD-only, and 31 typically developing children. Parents and teachers reported on children’s EF, ER, ASD, and ADHD symptoms. Children were administered an EF battery and observed for ER during a frustration task. Children participated in an intensive behavioral summer treatment program (STP-PreK) aimed at improving school readiness across behavioral, academic, and self-regulation domains. Latent profile analyses produced 4 profiles: (a) Low ER and EF Deficits, (b) High ER Deficits, (c) High EF Deficits, and (d) Moderate ER and EF Deficits. ASD and ADHD symptoms predicted lower membership probability within the Low ER and EF Deficits Profile and higher membership probability within the Moderate ER and EF Deficits Profile. However, only ASD symptoms predicted membership within the High EF Deficits Profile. Only ADHD symptoms predicted membership within the High ER Deficits Profile. Even after accounting for diagnostic symptoms, profile membership was predictive of treatment response across behavioral and academic domains. Children in the High EF Deficits Profile experienced the largest gains. Results highlight the specificity of self-regulation deficits within and across diagnoses. Self-regulation profiles demonstrated clinical utility in predicting treatment response above traditional symptom based classifications, providing evidence for the use of transdiagnostic approaches.
Adaptation of a mental development assessment tool for the evaluation of the long-term effect of a successful nutrition intervention in Ghana.

This study adapted a cognitive assessment tool to be used in evaluating nutrition interventions in developing countries and assessed its reliability and validity in Ghana. The tool was used to evaluate the long-term effect of the Enhancing Child Nutrition through Animal Source Food Management (ENAM) project. The former ENAM participants' children were contacted (now 13 to 15 years old). The items in the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence-II were adapted, pretested, refined, and pretested again. Cross-sectional data collection was conducted with former ENAM participants (60 interventions and 51 comparison families) in one of ENAM's three sites (the Guinea Savanna zone). Data on participants' socio-economic status and food insecurity were collected, along with their children's intellectual functioning, dietary intake, school attainment, anthropometry, and symptoms of depression. Alpha coefficient of the verbal subscale improved between the first and second pretest (from .34 to .80). After controlling for age, the intelligence scores of the children were associated with their grade (r = .35, p = .001) and academic performance (r = .26 to .33, p < .05). The verbal scale was associated with their anthropometry (r = .24 to .27, p < .05). The intervention children still recorded a better dietary diversity score than controls (6.8 vs 5.8, p = .0001); however, significance was lost after adjusting for confounders. There were no significant group differences in growth or intellectual functioning. The adapted Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence-II tool performed well in evaluating adolescent intellectual functioning in rural Ghana, and there were no long-term effects of ENAM intervention on child growth and development.
Spontaneous regression of giant cell tumor of the wrist: Myth or fact? A case report

Dear Editor, Giant cell tumor (GCT), also known as osteoclastoma, is a benign, locally aggressive tumor that is histologically composed of two components, osteoclastic giant cells admixed with mononuclear stromal cells. The typical age of presentation is 20–45 years with a slight female preponderance, although few cases have been reported in the first decade. GCT commonly affects the distal femur, proximal tibia, distal radius, and proximal humerus. Pelvis, sacrum, and bones of hand and feet can be rarely involved. The patients present with pain and swelling of the involved joint. Radiologically, it presents as a lytic expansile lesion, without peripheral bony sclerosis. This lesion is locally aggressive with remote chances of distant metastasis. Malignancy arising in a GCT is uncommon, usually high grade, and is either primary or secondary. [1] Local recurrences are known. Spontaneous regression of tumors, a phenomenon attributable to activation of immune system, is defined as complete disappearance of primary tumor or its metastasis in the absence of any treatment. [1] It has been reported in melanomas, basal cell carcinomas, testicular germ cell tumors, renal cell carcinomas, neuroblastomas, breast and colon cancer, and very rarely in osteosarcoma and aneurysmal bone cyst. [1,2] Spontaneous regression of GCT is extremely rare. [2] Here we report a case of spontaneous regression of GCT of the distal radius in a 21‐year‐old male who had not received any prior therapy.
Towards the development of a new generation of whole‐cell bioreporters to sense iron bioavailability in oceanic systems—learning from the case of Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 iron bioreporter

Whole‐cell bioreporters are genetically modified micro‐organisms designed to sense bioavailable forms of nutrients or toxic compounds in aquatic systems. As they represent the most promising cost‐efficient tools available for such purpose, engineering and use of bioreporters is rapidly growing in association with wide applicability. Bioreporters are urgently needed to determine phytoplankton iron (Fe) limitation, which has been reported in up to 30% of the ocean, with consequences affecting Earth's global carbon cycle and climate. This study presents a critical evaluation and optimization of the only Cyanobacteria bioreporter available to sense Fe limitation in marine systems (Synechococcus sp. PCC7002). The nonmonotonic biphasic dose–response curve between the bioreporters’ signal and Fe bioavailability impairs an appropriate data interpretation, highlighting the need for new carefully designed bioreporters. Here, limitations under low Fe concentrations were related to cellular energy stress, nonlinear expression of the targeted promoter and siderophore expression. Furthermore, we provide critical standard criteria for the development of new Fe bioreporters. Finally, based on gene expression data under a range of marine Fe concentrations, we propose novel sensor genes for the development of new Cyanobacteria Fe bioreporters for distinct marine regions.
Categories of Resistance to Sugarcane Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Among Sorghum Genotypes

Abstract The sugarcane aphid Melanaphis sacchari (Zehnter) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) has emerged as a potential threat to sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) production in the United States. Since the late summer of 2013, finding and advancing M. sacchari-resistant germplasm has been a priority for all stakeholders involved. We evaluated 23 sorghum genotypes for resistance to the sugarcane aphid by testing for tolerance, and antixenosis. In addition, nine sorghum germplasm were evaluated for the expression of antibiosis. Free-choice and no-choice tests were conducted to explore the functional categories of resistance. Levels of resistance to M. sacchari were compared with the known resistant ‘TX 2783′ and the susceptible ‘KS 585′. Sorghum entries AG1201, AG1301, W844-E, and DKS 37-07 were identified as expressing tolerance, antibiosis, and antixenosis, while H13073 expressed antibiosis and GW1489 expressed both tolerance and antibiosis. These resistant sorghums identified during this study will have a significant impact on reducing economic damage from the sugarcane aphid infestations.
Neutrophil CD64 expression levels in IGRA-positive individuals distinguish latent tuberculosis from active disease

BACKGROUND CD64 (FcγR1) is a high-affinity receptor for monomeric IgG1 and IgG3. Circulating neutrophils express very low amounts of CD64 on their surface. OBJECTIVES Our primary aim was to investigate the utility of neutrophil CD64 surface expression as a biomarker of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). We hypothesised that elevated neutrophil CD64 expression in TB infection would be associated with interferon gamma (IFN-γ) as an inducer of CD64 expression. METHODS The expression level of CD64 per neutrophil (PMN CD64 index) was quantitatively measured with flow cytometry using a Leuko64 kit in samples from patients with TB and latent TB infection (LTBI) as well as healthy controls, as part of a prospective cohort study in Brazil. FINDINGS The PMN CD64 index in patients with TB was higher than that in healthy controls and LTBI. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses determined that the PMN CD64 index could discriminate patients with TB from those with LTBI and healthy individuals. PMN CD64 index levels returned to baseline levels after treatment. CONCLUSIONS The positive regulation of CD64 expression in circulating neutrophils of patients with active TB could represent an additional biomarker for diagnosis of active TB and could be used for monitoring individuals with LTBI before progression of TB disease.
Tumor budding in infiltrating breast carcinoma: Correlation with known clinicopathological parameters and hormone receptor status

Introduction: Tumor budding (TB) is proposed as an essential step in the invasion and metastasis of various tumors. However, there is limited information about its role in breast cancer. This study was designed to assess the prognostic significance of TB in clinical practice. Objectives: To study and grade TB in patients with invasive breast cancer and to correlate it with known prognostic parameters. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 40 cases of invasive breast cancer were studied over a period of 1.5 years. Tumor buds were defined as comprising five tumor cells or less at the invasive front of the tumor. Cases were separated into two groups according to TB density as low grade and high grade. Significance and correlation between TB with established clinicopathological parameters and hormone receptor status were studied by Chi-square test. P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: All 40 cases in this study were newly diagnosed cases, who did not receive any therapy. The majority of patients were premenopausal (55%), had small tumor size ≤5 cm (67.5%), had negative lymph nodes (67.5%), had grades 2 and 3 (75%), and presented in stages 1 and 2 pathological stage (62.5%). The majority were estrogen-receptor-negative (62.5%), progesterone-receptor-negative (65%), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive (52.5%). Higher grade TB was observed in larger tumor (P = 0.03), in higher stage (P = 0.046), and in tumor having lymphovascular emboli (P = 0.03) when compared with small size, lower stage, and tumor with no lymphovascular emboli, respectively. Conclusion: As higher grade TB was associated with larger, higher stage tumor, and in tumor having lymphovascular emboli, it can be recognized as an easily identifiable prognostic factor.
A soft tissue swelling at angle of mandible: Fine needle aspiration cytology meeting the diagnostic challenge of a rare case

Dear Editor, Tumors in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) area are relatively infrequent, especially intrinsic tumors arising from the joint component, that is, articular bones, capsule, and attached ligaments. [1] Among these, occurrence of pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is rare. [2,3] One such case of PVNS at TMJ region with deceptive clinicoradiological findings, diagnosed cytologically, is presented here.
Testing the ability of unmanned aerial systems and machine learning to map weeds at subfield scales: a test with the weed Alopecurus myosuroides (Huds)

Abstract BACKGROUND It is important to map agricultural weed populations to improve management and maintain future food security. Advances in data collection and statistical methodology have created new opportunities to aid in the mapping of weed populations. We set out to apply these new methodologies (unmanned aerial systems; UAS) and statistical techniques (convolutional neural networks; CNN) to the mapping of black‐grass, a highly impactful weed in wheat fields in the UK. We tested this by undertaking extensive UAS and field‐based mapping over the course of 2 years, in total collecting multispectral image data from 102 fields, with 76 providing informative data. We used these data to construct a vegetation index (VI), which we used to train a custom CNN model from scratch. We undertook a suite of data engineering techniques, such as balancing and cleaning to optimize performance of our metrics. We also investigate the transferability of the models from one field to another. RESULTS The results show that our data collection methodology and implementation of CNN outperform pervious approaches in the literature. We show that data engineering to account for ‘artefacts’ in the image data increases our metrics significantly. We are not able to identify any traits that are shared between fields that result in high scores from our novel leave one field our cross validation (LOFO‐CV) tests. CONCLUSION We conclude that this evaluation procedure is a better estimation of real‐world predictive value when compared with past studies. We conclude that by engineering the image data set into discrete classes of data quality we increase the prediction accuracy from the baseline model by 5% to an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.825. We find that the temporal effects studied here have no effect on our ability to model weed densities. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Vaccines for emerging pathogens: prospects for licensure

Globally, there are a number of emerging pathogens. For most, there are no licensed vaccines available for human use, although there is ongoing research and development. However, given the extensive and increasing list of emerging pathogens and the investment required to bring vaccines into clinical use, the task is huge. Overlaid on this task is the risk of anti‐microbial resistance (AMR) acquisition by micro‐organisms which can endow a relatively harmless organism with pathogenic potential. Furthermore, climate change also introduces a challenge by causing some of the insect vectors and environmental conditions prevalent in tropical regions to begin to spread out from these traditional areas, thus increasing the risk of migration of zoonotic disease.
How Multi-Sensory Animal Embodiment in Virtual Reality Influences Environmental Threat Processing and Conservation Behaviors

Efforts to mitigate environmental threats are often inversely related to the magnitude of casualty, human or otherwise1–3. This “compassion fade” can be explained, in part, by differential processing of large- versus small-scale threats: it is difficult to form empathic connections with unfamiliar masses versus singular victims4. Despite robust findings, little is known about how non-human casualty is processed, and what strategies override this bias. Over four experiments, we show how embodying threatened megafauna – Loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta Caretta) – in virtual reality can offset and reverse compassion fade. After observing compassion fade during exposure to mass non-human casualty in virtual reality (Study 1; N=60), we then tested a custom multi-sensory virtual reality simulation facilitating embodiment of a threatened Loggerhead (Study 2; N=98). Afterwards, a field experiment (Study 3; N=90) testing the simulation with varied number of victims showed embodiment offset compassion fade. Lastly, a fourth study (N=25) found that charitable giving among users embodying threatened wildlife was highest when exposed to one versus many victims, though this effect was reversed if victims were of a different species (Dolphins). The findings demonstrate how animal embodiment in virtual reality alters processing of environmental threats and non-human casualty, thereby influencing biodiversity conservation outcomes.
Effect of Shoe and Surface Stiffness on Lower Limb Tendon Strain in Jumping.

BACKGROUND Tendinopathies are painful overuse injuries observed in athletes participating in jumping sports. These injuries are heavily dependent on the resulting strain from the applied mechanical load. Therefore, mechanisms to reduce tendon strain may represent a primary prevention strategy to reduce the incidence of tendinopathy. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of shoe and surface stiffness on Achilles and patellar tendon strains during jumping. We hypothesized that less stiff shoes and surfaces would reduce Achilles and patellar tendon strains during jumping. METHODS Thirty healthy male basketball players performed countermovement jumps in three shoes and on three surfaces with different stiffness while motion capture, force platform, and jump height data were collected. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to obtain participant-specific tendon morphology, and a combined dynamometry/ultrasound/electromyography session was used to obtain tendon material properties. Finally, a musculoskeletal model was used to estimate tendon strains in each surface and shoe combination. RESULTS Achilles tendon strains during landing were reduced by 5.3% in the least stiff shoe compared to the stiffest shoe (p = 0.021) due to differences in bending stiffness altering the center of pressure location. Furthermore, Achilles tendon strains during landing were 5.7% and 8.1% lower on the stiffest surface compared to the least stiff and middle stiffness surfaces, respectively (p ≤ 0.047), due to changes in ground reaction force magnitude and center of pressure location. No effects of shoe stiffness or surface construction were observed for jump height (p > 0.243) or peak patellar tendon strains (p > 0.259). CONCLUSIONS Changes to shoe stiffness and surface construction can alter Achilles tendon strains without affecting jump performance in athletes.Key TermsAchilles tendon; patellar tendon; musculoskeletal modeling; tendinopathy; injury prevention.