Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical Components Identification of Waste Essential Oil during Borneol Refining by GC-MC

GC-MS technology was used to identify the chemical components of waste essential oil during borneol refining.There were 41 components in the essential oil and 39 of them were identified.In these components,borneol,limonene,and camphor were the three major ones,with the contents of 25.04 %,15.92 %,15.04 % respectively.On the other hand,the contents of 13 components were less than 0.1 %. All the identified contents were the material of flavor and essence.The comprehensively potential utility of borneol refining waste essential oil was expected.
A Real Time Bolometer Tomographic Reconstruction Algorithm in Nuclear Fusion Reactors

In tokamak nuclear fusion reactors, one of the main issues is to know the total emission of radiation, which is mandatory to understand the plasma physics and is very useful to monitor and control the plasma evolution. This radiation can be measured by means of a bolometer system that consists in a certain number of elements sensitive to the integral of the radiation along straight lines crossing the plasma. By placing the sensors in such a way to have families of crossing lines, sophisticated tomographic inversion algorithms allow to reconstruct the radiation tomography in the 2D poloidal cross-section of the plasma. In tokamaks, the number of projection cameras is often quite limited resulting in an inversion mathematic problem very ill conditioned so that, usually, it is solved by means of a grid-based, iterative constrained optimization procedure, whose convergence time is not suitable for the real time requirements. In this paper, to illustrate the method, an assumption not valid in general is made on the correlation among the grid elements, based on the statistical distribution of the radiation emissivity over a set of tomographic reconstructions, performed off-line. Then, a regularization procedure is carried out, which merge highly correlated grid elements providing a squared coefficients matrix with an enough low condition number. This matrix, which is inverted offline once for all, can be multiplied by the actual bolometer measures returning the tomographic reconstruction, with calculations suitable for real time application. The proposed algorithm is applied, in this paper, to a synthetic case study.
Emphysematous Cholecystitis Secondary to Fusobacterium nucleatum

Fusobacterium nucleatum may be implicated in cases of emphysematous cholecystitis (EC) and carries a high mortality risk, especially in individuals with heart disease, renal insufficiency, and underlying malignancy. Fusobacterium infections are rarely detected in the setting of cholecystitis possibly due to the difficulty with properly culturing the bacteria. We describe a case of a patient with EC in whom blood cultures were positive for growth of F. nucleatum in one of two samples. The patient was treated with empiric antibiotic therapy consisting of metronidazole and cefepime. In patients with EC and negative cultures, it is possible that they may have an undetected infection with fusobacteria, which carries a high mortality risk. As such, clinicians should maintain a high degree of suspicion of obligate anaerobic infection in patients who have negative blood culture for growth in the setting of EC and consider continuation of adequate antimicrobial coverage.
Optical properties of solvent-dispersed and polymer-embedded germanium nanowires

The room temperature optical absorbance spectra of polymer-embedded and solvent-dispersed germanium (Ge) nanowires are reported. Homogeneous blends of Ge nanowires in a polymer (Kraton) were enabled by hydrophobic organic monolayer passivation of the nanowires, and stable dispersions of nanowires in a solvent were achieved by grafting poly(ethylene glycol) onto Ge nanowires. The nanowires exhibit enhanced light absorption compared to bulk Ge near the band edge, with a linear dependence on photon energy. An absorbance peak was also observed at about 600 nm, resulting from enhanced light trapping due to the high index of refraction of Ge at this wavelength. Discrete dipole approximation calculations revealed that the light trapping within the nanowires depends also on the nanowire size and incident light polarization. These optical effects are useful for applications requiring low reflectivity and strong light absorption, such as photovoltaics and antireflective coatings.
Effect of Harvesting Period on The Sugar Contents of Trifoliate Yam Flour

Trifoliate yam is one of the under-exploited yam species cultivated in Nigeria. Utilization of the tuber is limited due to the hardening process which occurs few hours after harvesting. The tubers are kept in the soil after maturity until they are needed as food. Sugar concentration is one of the major parameter that affects the textural quality of food. Therefore, this work studied the effect of harvesting period on the sugar contents of trifoliate yam flour. Trifoliate yam tubers (white and yellow cultivars) were harvested at seven, eight, nine, ten and eleven months after planting. The tubers were made into flours and subjected to sugar analysis. Sucrose, fructose and glucose were the major sugars in the two trifoliate yam cultivars. Highest value (1071.65 mg/100g) of sucrose was at 9 month in the white cultivar while the highest level in the yellow cultivar was at 10 months (983.12 mg/100g). The highest total sugar level was at 11 months (1377.49 mg/100g) in white cultivar and the least value in yellow cultivar at 7 months (1042.86 mg/100g). Total sugar levels in both cultivars increased with harvesting periods. The flour produced at different harvesting periods had variations in sugar concentration as this provides information on the usefulness of the flour for household and industrial use.
Prevalence of Shoulder Arthroplasty in the United States and the Increasing Burden of Revision Shoulder Arthroplasty

Background: Existing data on the epidemiology of shoulder arthroplasty are limited to future projections of incidence. However, the prevalence of shoulder arthroplasty (the number of individuals with a shoulder arthroplasty alive at a certain time and its implications for the burden of revision procedures) remains undetermined for the United States. Hence, the purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of shoulder arthroplasty in the United States. Methods: The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was queried to count all patients who underwent total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), including both anatomic and reverse TSA, and hemiarthroplasty between 1988 and 2017. The counting method was used to calculate the current prevalence of TSA and hemiarthroplasty using age and sex-specific population and mortality data from the U.S. Census Bureau. Results: In 2017, an estimated 823,361 patients (95% confidence interval [CI], 809,267 to 837,129 patients) were living in the United States with a shoulder replacement. This represents a prevalence of 0.258%, increasing markedly from 1995 (0.031%) and 2005 (0.083%). Female patients had a higher prevalence at 0.294% than male patients at 0.221%. Over 2% of people who were ≥80 years of age in the United States were living with a shoulder replacement. Furthermore, approximately 60% of patients living with a shoulder replacement had undergone the operation between 2013 and 2017. The incidence of revision shoulder arthroplasty is increasing on an annual basis, with 10,290 revision procedures performed in 2017, costing the U.S. health-care system $205 million. Conclusions: The prevalence of shoulder arthroplasty in the United States has markedly increased over time. This trend will likely continue given increasing life expectancies and exponentially increasing shoulder arthroplasty incidence rates. Most patients do not have long-term follow-up, and revision shoulder arthroplasty rates are increasing, a trend that is projected to continue. The data from our study highlight the enormous public health impact of shoulder replacement and shed light on a potentially increasing revision burden.
SYNTHESIS AND DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF CALIX(6)ARENE HYDROXAMIC ACIDS

Calix(6)arene hydroxamic acids (III) are synthesised for the first time by reactingcalix(6)arene acid chloride(II) with substituted hydroxylamines at low temperature in the presence ofsodium bicarbonate. The p-carboxycalix(6)arene(I) is obtained by an acid catalysed condensationreaction of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and formaldehyde. These calixarenes are characterised by meltingpoint, UV, IR, 1H NMR and mass spectra. The thermodynamic ionization constants of calixarenehydroxamic acids have been determined by a pH titration technique in dioxane-water media.
Adverse Events Associated With Synthetic Male Slings: An Analysis of the Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience Database

Purpose We sought to describe and analyze the adverse events associated with synthetic male slings reported to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database. Methods We queried the MAUDE database for all entries including the terms “Male Sling,” “InVance,” “Virtue,” or “Advance” from January 1st, 2009 to December 31st, 2018. We collected and analyzed information about the event type, date received, report source, source type, and manufacturer. We reviewed and categorized the event description text for each medical device report (MDR). Results A total of 497 adverse events related to the male sling were identified. The adverse events were classified as injury (95.4%), malfunction (4.2%), and other (0.4%). There were no deaths described. The slings involved were the Advance or Advance XP sling (69.8%), InVance (15.5%), Virtue Quadratic (12.3%), or unknown (2.4%). The 4 most common adverse events described were urinary incontinence (46.7%), sling erosion (9.1%), mechanical malfunction (8.2%), and pain/numbness (8.2%). There was no increase in the number of reports in the years following the FDA warnings for urogynecologic mesh. Conclusions There was an overall modest number of MDRs related to male slings and the majority of them were reported by the manufacturer. The reporting of adverse events for male slings does not seem to be affected by the controversy and scrutiny towards transvaginal mesh and midurethral slings. Further clinical studies and more objective and detailed databases are needed to investigate the safety of these synthetic slings.
Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care: A Single-Centre, 10-Year Retrospective Analysis

Background While type 1 diabetics often require self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), the evidence for tight blood glucose monitoring in non-insulin treated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is limited. In addition to its lack of cost-effectiveness, unnecessary blood glucose monitoring may also result in anxiety and decreased quality of life. In this retrospective audit, we assessed SMBG prescribing practice at one general practice against guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Methods A systematic search of T2DM patients diagnosed at a general practice in London, United Kingdom, in the last 10 years was undertaken. A total of 146 patients fulfilled these criteria, of which 100 patients were randomly selected for inclusion in this audit. Medical notes were reviewed and collated for analysis. Results Only 85% of patients with T2DM were being managed in accordance with the NICE guidelines on SMBG, while 15% were not. It was more common for patients who did not need monitoring to be inappropriately prescribed SMBG (10%) than it was for patients who needed monitoring to be under-prescribed SMBG (5%). The reasons for prescribing SMBG were often left undocumented. Conclusion Adherence to the NICE guidelines is subpar. Recommended solutions include educating healthcare professionals involved in the prescribing of SMBGs, regular reviews of the continued necessity of SMBG, and digital alerts on e-prescribing systems.
Tisi 2 Thin Films Formed on Crystalline and Amorphous Silicon

TiSi 2 thin films were formed on crystalline and amorphous silicon substrates obtained by Ge + and Ge + +B + implantation and optional subsequent annealing. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electrical resistivity analysis revealed that the silicide formed on amorphous Si has more tendency to have a C54 structure rather than the metastable C49 structure. Also, the grain size is smaller and the silicide/silicon interface is smoother for silicides formed on amorphous Si. Comparison between implanted and unimplanted, (100) and (111) Si substrates indicated that the origin of the differences can be attributed to the latent energy stored in amorphous silicon, which favors the silicide with fine grains and promotes the transformation to the C54 phase. Non-random distribution of planar defects in C49 grains has been observed by plan-view TEM. A proposal that these defects are transformation stress induced microtwins is presented.
Homonegative attitudes after Obergefell v. Hodges. Quasi-experimental evidence of anticipatory backlash from Israel

Does the expansion of LGBT+ rights in the US affect mass attitudes towards sexual minorities abroad? Relying on a quasi-experiment presented by the as good as random exposure to news regarding the US’s legalisation of same-sex marriage in the landmark US Supreme Court case Obergefell vs Hodges – in Israel, I present an empirical test of the cross-national effect of LGBT+ rights advances in the US on mass attitudes abroad. Empirically, I rely on data from wave 7 of the European Social survey to show that legalising same-sex marriage engendered a popular backlash towards homosexuality amongst Israeli citizens and that this rise in homonegativity was greatest amongst women. In contrast to the domestic tolerance-inducing effects of policy feedback at home, this study shows that advances in domestic LGBT+ rights can trigger a negative response among citizens beyond the confines of a state’s borders.
Relationship between Training Load Management and Immunoglobulin A to Avoid Immunosuppression after Soccer Training and Competition: A Theoretical Framework Based on COVID-19 for Athletes’ Healthcare

Immunoglobulin A (IgA), which is the main effector against upper respiratory tract viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been related to training load management. The aim of this systematic review was to establish the relationship between training load and salivary IgA based on current evidence in order to avoid immunosuppression after exercise and players´ vulnerability to virus contagion. A systematic review of relevant articles was carried out using two electronic databases (PubMed and Web of Science) until 19 May 2021. From a total of 127 studies initially found, 23 were included in the qualitative synthesis. These studies were clustered depending on stress level. The salivary IgA was analysed considering soccer-specific treadmill exercise and repeated sprint drills (n = 5), matches (n = 7), and during certain periods during the season or pre-season (n = 11). Repeated sprint ability tests and treadmill exercises are suitable exercises for the first steps on return to play periods yet still maintain social distance. A rest or moderate training sessions (technical/tactical) are suggested after official matches to ensure 16–18 h to recover IgA levels, while periods with multiple matches per week with limited recovery time should be avoided. Weekly training load should assume a small increment (<10%) to ensure IgA immune responses, especially, during the post coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) season.
Modelling a multi-modal logistic network with agents and dynamic graphs

: This paper presents a model of a logistic system. Our goal is to understand how such a system (with numerous stakeholders) behaves and evolves according to different constraints or scenarios. We adopted a complex system approach which leads us to propose an agent-based model coupled with dynamic graphs. It allows us to represent the properties, constraints and behaviours at a local level of a logistic system in order to reproduce the global behaviours thanks to the simulation in a dynamic context. The simulation (which uses data about the Seine axis) allows to test different scenarios in order to understand how local decisions impact the whole system. For example, this work presents the evolution of the system at the opening of the Seine–Nord Europe Canal. Indeed, this canal is a real major project for Europe, and has numerous economical stakes. So, we ﬁrst describe the trafﬁc evolution on the multi-modal transportation network (see ﬁgures 1 to 4). Then, we observe different other measures (evolution of costs, transportation mode share). Thanks to these analyses, we show that the Seine-Nord Europe Canal should promote the use of the river barges and reduce ﬁnancial costs. In the same time, it could modify the respective shares of the northern European ports. Europe Canal is closed.
Reactivity Studies of Sludge and Biomass Combustion

Sludge and biomass are wastes with energy value. Both can provide a renewable energy in the form of gaseous fuels through thermal conversion processes. Proper understanding of the thermal properties and reaction kinetic of sludge and biomass is important for efficient design, operation and modeling of the conversion process. This study was carried out to obtain the kinetics data of the sludge and biomass in pure oxygen atmosphere at 30 mlmin with the combustion temperature ranging from 50 to 900C. The effect of sample size and heating rate on thermal degradation was studied and kinetic parameters of sludge, bagasse and sawdust combustion are described using Arrhenius equation. Two distinct reaction zones were observed for sludge, bagasse and sawdust samples. Both the activation energy and pre-exponential factors were significantly higher in the first zone than that of in the second zone for sludge and bagasse where as an opposite trend was observed for sawdust.
The future of bone regeneration: integrating AI into tissue engineering

Tissue engineering is a branch of regenerative medicine that harnesses biomaterial and stem cell research to utilise the body’s natural healing responses to regenerate tissue and organs. There remain many unanswered questions in tissue engineering, with optimal biomaterial designs still to be developed and a lack of adequate stem cell knowledge limiting successful application. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI), and deep learning specifically, offer the potential to improve both scientific understanding and clinical outcomes in regenerative medicine. With enhanced perception of how to integrate artificial intelligence into current research and clinical practice, AI offers an invaluable tool to improve patient outcome.
Adolescent Health Series: Adolescent neurocognitive development in Western and Sub‐Saharan African contexts

The transitional period of adolescence has long been associated with physical, social and behavioural change. During this time, adolescents start to develop their own self‐identity, make important life decisions and acquire the necessary skills to successfully transition to adulthood. More recently, advances in brain imaging technology have enabled increased understanding of structural and functional changes in the human brain during this developmental period, and how they relate to social, emotional, motivational and cognitive development. The ability to integrate these developing cognitive processes in increasingly complex social contexts is a key aspect of mature decision‐making, which has implications for adolescent health, educational, economic and social outcomes. Insights from the field of developmental cognitive neuroscience could increase our understanding of this influential stage of life and thus inform potential interventions to promote adolescent health, a critical goal for global health research. Many social changes occur during adolescence and the social environment shapes both brain and cognitive development and the decisions adolescents make. Thus, it is important to study adolescent neurocognitive development in socio‐cultural context. Yet, despite evidence from Western studies that socio‐cultural and economic factors impact on adolescent neurocognitive development, existing studies of adolescent neurocognitive development in sub‐Saharan Africa are relatively scarce. We summarise research findings from Western and sub‐Saharan African contexts and highlight areas where research is lacking. Longitudinal studies from more diverse global samples will be needed to build a comprehensive model of adolescent development, that characterises both commonalities in developmental trajectories, as well as the way these can meaningfully differ between both individuals and contexts.
Estimating the mechanical energy of histotripsy bubble clouds with high frame rate imaging

Mechanical ablation with the focused ultrasound therapy histotripsy relies on the generation and action of bubble clouds. Despite its critical role for ablation, quantitative metrics of bubble activity to gauge treatment outcomes are still lacking. Here, plane wave imaging was used to track the dissolution of bubble clouds following initiation with the histotripsy pulse. Information about the rate of change in pixel intensity was coupled with an analytic diffusion model to estimate bubble size. Accuracy of the hybrid measurement/model was assessed by comparing the predicted and measured dissolution time of the bubble cloud. Good agreement was found between predictions and measurements of bubble cloud dissolution times in agarose phantoms and murine subcutaneous SCC VII tumors. The analytic diffusion model was extended to compute the maximum bubble size as well as energy imparted to the tissue due to bubble expansion. Regions within tumors predicted to have undergone strong bubble expansion were collocated with ablation. Further, the dissolution time was found to correlate with acoustic emissions generated by the bubble cloud during histotripsy insonation. Overall, these results indicate a combination of modeling and high frame rate imaging may provide means to quantify mechanical energy imparted to the tissue due to bubble expansion for histotripsy.
Characterization of Viscoelastic Media Combining Ultrasound and Magnetic-Force Induced Vibrations on an Embedded Soft Magnetic Sphere

We report a method to locally assess the complex shear modulus of a viscoelastic medium. The proposed approach is based on the application of a magnetic force to a millimeter-sized steel sphere embedded in the medium and the subsequent monitoring of its dynamical response. A coil is used to create a magnetic field inducing the displacement of the sphere located inside a gelatin phantom. Then, a phased-array system using 3 MHz ultrasound probe operating in pulse-echo mode is used to track the displacement of the sphere. Experiments were conducted on several samples and repeated as a function of phantom temperature. The dynamic response of the sphere measured experimentally is in good agreement with Kelvin–Voigt theory. Since the magnetic force is not affected by weak diamagnetic media, our proposal results in an accurate estimation of the force acting on the inclusion. Consequently, the estimated viscoelastic parameters show excellent robustness and the elastic modulus agrees with the measurements using a quasi-static indentation method, obtaining errors below 10% in the whole temperature range. The use of the macroscopic inclusion limits the direct application of this method in a biomedical context, but it provides a robust estimation of the elastic modulus that can be used for material characterization in industrial applications.