Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of JUPITER Trial will Change Primary Prevention Strategies in Daily Practice Agonist

The outcomes of the JUPITER trial (1) will increase the therapeutic use of statins. This statement is based on three viewpoints: shortcomings of the ATP III risk score based on the Framingham scoring, the increasing importance of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the prediction of cardiovascular risk (CVR) and, finally, the results of the JUPITER trial. All these issues are important to reassert the conclusions of JUPITER trial. Most of the experts have accepted that the use of the Framingham risk score (FRS) has widely spread in clinical practice. However, the FRS has some shortcomings in women, in elderly people and in patients with family history of early coronary artery disease. For this reason, some studies have been carried out in order to improve the performance of the FRS. For example, in the Women’s Health Study (WHS), Ridker demonstrated an improvement in risk prediction estimated with lipid levels among women. The prediction was even better with low cholesterol levels and high CRP (Figure 1). (2) Ridker also found that CRP significantly added prognostic information to the FRS and was better than the other risk factors previously studied. The Reynolds risk score was then created based on the relation of these results with family history of early coronary artery disease The Reynolds risk score uses information from CRP and family history of coronary artery disease, two risk factors that were not considered by the FRS. A subsequent study evaluated the relationship of CRP with the components of the metabolic syndrome (MS) among 14 719 women out of 28 263 participating in the Women’s Health Study (WHS), and concluded that high CRP levels add prognostic information of clinical relevance concerning future vascular risk. Most of the methods available for the assessment of sub-clinical atherosclerosis or inflammation have worse performance in patients with high and low cardiovascular risk. The usefulness of CRP was assessed in studies performed in patients with moderate or intermediate cardiovascular risk, and in this group of patients current methods for detecting sub-clinical atherosclerosis have the best performance. Recently the authors of the Copenhagen City Heart Study have made some objections regarding the use of CRP. They concluded that there is an inverse causality between cardiovascular disease and CRP and thus it may be a good marker as it is genetically determined. Subsequently, several comments have objected the mendelian randomization used in the Copenhagen City Heart Study. The JUPITER trial was designed to assess the effects of treatment with statins compared to placebo in intermediate risk patients. The difference of this trial with previous studies lies in the inclusion criteria used: age > 60 years in women and 50 years in men, LDL-cholesterol levels < 130 mg and C-reactive protein 2 mg/L. In this way, the outcomes of this
COGNITIVE AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FEATURES OF CHILDHOOD AND JUVENILE MS

Neurology 2008;70:1574. 2. von Deimling A, Perry A. Neurofibromatosis type 1. In: Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK, eds. WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2007:206–209. 3. Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Wiestler OD, Louis DN. Neurofibromatosis type 2. In: Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK, eds. WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2007:210–214. 4. Hadfield KD, Newman WG, Bowers NL, et al. Molecular characterisation of SMARCB1 and NF2 in familial and sporadic schwannomatosis. J Med Genet Epub 2008 Feb 29. 5. McClatchey AI. Neurofibromatosis. Annu Rev Pathol Mech Dis 2007;2:191–216. 6. Huson SM, Harper PS, Compston DAS. Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis: a clinical and population study in south-east Wales. Brain 1988;111:1355–1381. 7. Evans DG, Baser ME, McGaughran J, et al. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours in neurofibromatosis 1. J Med Genet 2002;39:311–314.
Glycoproteins from Insect Cells: Sialylated or Not?

Abstract Our growing comprehension of the biological roles of glycan moieties has created a clear need for expression systems that can produce mammaliantype glycoproteins. In turn, this has intensified interest in understanding the protein glycosylation pathways of the heterologous hosts that are commonly used for recombinant glycoprotein expression. Among these, insect cells are the most widely used and, particularly in their role as hosts for baculovirus expression vectors, provide a powerful tool for biotechnology. Various studies of the glycosylation patterns of endogenous and recombinant glycoproteins produced by insect cells have revealed a large variety of O and Nlinked glycan structures and have established that the major processed O and Nglycan species found on these glycoproteins are (Galß1,3)GalNAcOSer/Thr and Man3(Fuc)GlcNAc2-NAsn, respectively. However, the ability or inability of insect cells to synthesize and compartmentalize sialic acids and to produce sialylated glycans remains controversial. This is an important issue because terminal sialic acid residues play diverse biological roles in many glycoconjugates. While most work indicates that insect cellderived glycoproteins are not sialylated, some wellcontrolled studies suggest that sialylation can occur. In evaluating this work, it is important to recognize that oligosaccharide structural determination is tedious work, due to the infinite diversity of this class of compounds. Furthermore, there is no universal method of glycan analysis; rather, various strategies and techniques can be used, which provide glycobiologists with relatively more or less precise and reliable results. Therefore, it is important to consider the methodology used to assess glycan structures when evaluating these studies. The purpose of this review is to survey the studies that have contributed to our current view of glycoprotein sialylation in insect cell systems, according to the methods used. Possible reasons for the disagreement on this topic in the literature, which include the diverse origins of biological material and experimental artifacts, will be discussed. In the final analysis, it appears that if insect cells have the genetic potential to perform sialylation of glycoproteins, this is a highly specialized function that probably occurs rarely. Thus, the production of sialylated recombinant glycoproteins in the baculovirusinsect cell system will require metabolic engineering efforts to extend the native protein glycosylation pathways of insect cells.
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

Abstract Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains are a leading cause of diarrhea among infants in developing countries. These bacteria spread via fecal–oral transmission and colonize the small intestine. Typical EPEC differs from atypical strains in that they possess the bfp operon and generate a type IV-B class of fimbriae known as the bundle-forming pilus (BFP). EPEC uses BFP to attach to intestinal epithelium. Upon attachment, EPEC translocates effector proteins into the host cell via a type 3 secretion system, which is encoded on a pathogenicity island known as the locus of enterocyte effacement. Translocated effectors modulate the host response in a number of ways, including subversion of immune responses and hijacking of the cytoskeletal system. By inducing actin rearrangement, EPEC causes the formation of actin pedestals onto which it sits, and leads to the effacement of microvilli, giving this bacterium a characteristic attaching and effacing phenotype. EPEC infections are typically self-limiting, with rehydration therapy constituting primary treatment, but they can be protracted and lethal. Breastfeeding provides a great protective effect, validating the use of a vaccine to induce a humoral response in mother or child as a potential means of preventative action. This chapter provides a detailed discussion on EPEC pathogenesis and host cell responses and summarizes the current detection and treatment options available.
NGAL is Downregulated in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Leads to Increased Survival, Proliferation, Migration and Chemoresistance

Oral cancer is a major public health burden worldwide. The lack of biomarkers for early diagnosis has increased the difficulty in managing this disease. Recent studies have reported that neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a secreted glycoprotein, is upregulated in various tumors. In our study, we found that NGAL was significantly downregulated in primary malignant and metastatic tissues of oral cancer in comparison to normal tissues. The downregulation of NGAL was strongly correlated with both degree of differentiation and stage (I–IV); it can also serve as a prognostic biomarker for oral cancer. Additionally, tobacco carcinogens were found to be involved in the downregulation of NGAL. Mechanistic studies revealed that knockdown of NGAL increased oral cancer cell proliferation, survival, and migration; it also induced resistance against cisplatin. Silencing of NGAL activated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)signaling and reduced autophagy by the liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-p53-Redd1 signaling axis. Moreover, cyclin-D1, Bcl-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were upregulated, and caspase-9 was downregulated, suggesting that silencing of NGAL increases oral cancer cell proliferation, survival, and migration. Thus, from our study, it is evident that downregulation of NGAL activates the mTOR pathway and helps in the progression of oral cancer.
Sublingual Immunotherapy : A Guide for Primary Care

SUPPORT This article is sponsored by Primary Care Education Consortium. INTRODUCTION Allergen immunotherapy (AIT), the only potential diseasemodifying treatment for allergic disease, has been used for more than a century. Hankin et al showed significant reduction in pharmacy, outpatient, and inpatient resources in the 6 months following vs the 6 months preceding AIT in Medicaid-enrolled children with allergic rhinitis (AR). A 2013 analysis showed sustained cost reduction over 18 months in patients with AR treated with AIT compared with matched control subjects not treated with AIT. The overall cost savings were 38% with AIT, which was similar to the cost savings observed in adults. AIT is underused, partly because of the lack of familiarity of nonallergy/immunology-trained health care providers, and partly because of safety concerns (primarily anaphylaxis risk) associated with its subcutaneous administration. These safety concerns, as well as practical and logistic considerations associated with administration of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), spurred interest in the use of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), which can be self-administered, does not require injections, and carries a much lower risk of anaphylaxis compared with SCIT. While SLIT has been used outside the United States for decades, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved 4 SLIT allergen extract products (tablets) for treatment of the symptoms and morbidity associated with grass pollen, ragweed, or house dust mite AR, with or without conjunctivitis. Grass and ragweed allergens are among the most common aeroallergens and characteristically cause seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) and/or seasonal allergic asthma. On the other hand, cat dander, cockroach, or dust
Towards Language Parametric Web-Based Development Environments

Language Workbenches are instruments developers use to create new domainspecific languages. They provide tools to rapidly develop, test and deploy new languages. Currently, workbenches support deployment in desktop-based integrated development environments. Setting up these environments can be a hurdle for the often non-technical users of these languages. Web-Based IDEs could be a solution in this case, but workbenches are currently not able to deploy languages in these environments. This work presents the first step towards language workbenches in Web IDEs by creating a language parametric runtime for the browser which serves as a back-end for Spoofax. Combined with an editor, this runtime is the basis for the generation of entirely client-side language playgrounds based on Spoofax specifications. For parsing, this runtime has similar performance characteristics as the existing Spoofax implementation. Code execution in this runtime can be used in environments where performance is not critical.
Italian country image: the impact on business models and relations in Chinese business-to-business markets

The paper aims to verify if the Country of Origin effect matters in industrial sectors, particularly in business relations between firms belonging to markets with high cultural distance. The study were carried out on a sample of 338 firms (quantitative phase) and on 14 firms in the subsequent qualitative phase. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Italy is renowned around the world for its design, fashion, Mediterranean cuisine and other Made in Italy products. These products are often associated with known and famous brands, especially in the luxury sector, but many less well-known Italian firms operating in more technical industries, such as in the mechanical or electronic sectors, have a major presence in international markets. These traditional Made in Italy sectors as well as the specialized product sectors create the so-called "4 Fs" of Italian excellence (Fortis, 2005). The first group together traditional consumer goods linked to the person and the home. In almost all these areas, Italy has become the style setter, fostering virtuous synergy between the artisanship of luxury with its Renaissance tradition and entrepreneurial creativity. By penetrating the middle and upper-middle ranges of the various markets, a strong collective image has gradually established itself around the world. Specialized product sectors include the automation, mechanical, rubber-plastics sectors. Despite offering excellent quality products in these sectors, Italy has a lower perceived image than other countries such as Germany. Country of Origin (COO) literature is mainly focused on consumer sectors (Nebenzahl, Jaffé & Usunier, 2003; Bilkey & Nes, 1982; Papadopoulos & Heslop, 1991; Peterson & Jolibert, 1995; Agrawal & Kamakura, 1999; Usunier & Lee, 2009; Giraldi, 2009; Godey B, Pederzoli D., Aiello G., Donvito R., Chan P., Oh H., Singh R., Skorobogatykh I.I., Tsuchiya J., & Weitz B., 2011; Sharma & Shimp, 1987; Schaefer, 1997; Han, 1989; Hsieh, 2004; Graby, 1980). Even in industrial markets, despite the technical language is universal and less subject to country specific cultural influences, stereotyping linked to the country of origin of the party involved may create difficulties or lead to increased tension in the relationship between parties. The assessment of the product’s COO is influenced by all the specific cultural elements of the countries involved in the relationship. Verlegh and Steenkamp (1999) contradict the fact that the COO effect is more relevant for consumer goods than for industrial goods, although many researchers over time have argued the opposite, asserting that industrial customers that operate in a more informed way are less likely to be influenced by information on the COO of the good (Ahmed, D’Astous, 1995). This present contribution falls within this debate, with the aim of verifying if the COO effect really matters in BTB, particularly in business relations between firms that belong to markets with high cultural distance. China has been selected as reference to this
A PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION OF FRESHWATER BIVALVES AT THE LATE PREHISTORIC HAHN SITE, NEAR CINCINNATI, OHIO

Freshwater bivalves recovered from two trash-filled storage pits excavated at the Late Prehistoric Hahn site near Cincinnati, Ohio are analyzed. The nature of these two deposits suggests that they were probably single episode discards related to post processing of mussels as a food resource. A total of 26 species was identified for the combined feature assemblages. While small to medium-large species were collected, five individual species of small, medium, and medium-large mussels accounted for nearly three-quarters of the mussel sample MNI. A comparison to recently surveyed mussel populations illustrates that mussel diversity in the Little Miami River near Hahn has declined significantly historically, with those species sensitive to sedimentation and turbidity either found in low numbers or extirpated. Despite the large number of bivalves and bivalve fragments recovered from Hahn only a minor percentage exhibit cultural modification, with the majority of modifications visible on valve fragments. A dozen shell hoes from Hahn are also identified to species where possible. Existing data suggest that mussel soft tissue is low in caloric content and nutritional value. Nevertheless, the low return in nutrition may have been offset by easy access to large numbers of individuals.
An Analysis of NoCs in FPGAs

Accurate analytic models for the area, delay and power of NoC routers realized in FPGA technology are presented. Several router designs are explored, including the demultiplexer-multiplexer design, the broadcast-and-select design, a RAM-based design, and pipelined designs with arbitrary amounts of buffering. The buffers can be realized using embedded memory blocks or using D flip-flops. The analytic models are compared with extensive experimental results, and shown to be very accurate. Using these router models, accurate analytic models for the area, delay and power of graph-based and hypergraph-based NoC topologies realized in FPGAs are presented, including 2D Mesh, Torus, Binary Hypercube (BHC), Generalized Hypercube (GHC), and Hypermesh. Three traffic patterns are considered, (a) Random-Uniform traffic patterns, (b) traffic patterns in Bitonic sorting algorithm, and (c) traffic patterns in FFT parallel algorithm. The analytic models for NoCs are compared to extensive experimental results and shown to be very accurate, typically within 10%. Using these analytical models, architectural choices such as NoC topology, buffer sizing, crossbar switch design, and degree of pipelining can be explored analytically early in the design-space exploration process. It has been observed that an efficient and accurate early design process results in lower system costs, and in order to come up with feasible designs, early iv design-space exploration tools are essential. Early design-space exploration tools using analytic models are ideal, as they do not require the generation of detailed logic design in a hardware description language such as VHDL or Verilog. However, to date there are no analytic models for NoCs in FPGAs. This thesis addresses this problem. According to our analytic power models, in an FPGA environment with equal bisection bandwidth the 2D BHC outperforms the 2D Mesh and Torus significantly. For example under equivalent bisection bandwidth, when performing FFT computations in an FPGA environment the 2D BHC consumes ≈ 8% of the power of a 2D Mesh, and ≈ 15% of the power of a 2D Torus. Hypermeshes are based on the concept of hypergraphs, which consist of a set of nodes and a set of hyperedges, where the hyperedges represent low-latency switches. Under equivalent bisection bandwidth, 2D Hypermesh NoCs outperform the 2D Mesh and Torus significantly. To improve the performance of the Hypermesh, two new hyperedge designs are proposed. We propose the energy-area product as a design metric to compare the NoCs. The energy-area product reflects both the cost and performance design metrics. Our analysis indicates that the 2D Hypermesh NoCs generally have considerably lower area, energy, and energy-area product compared to the 2D Hypercubes. Under equal bisection bandwidth, the area usage of the 2D Hypermesh using the broadcast-and-select designs as the hyperedges uses 30% of the area of the GHC and 42% of the area of the BHC. The energy-area product of the 2D Hypermesh under the FFT algorithm is 9% of the GHC, and 29% of the BHC.
A Native and Adaptive Approach for Linked Stream Data Processing

Sensors, mobile devices and social platforms generate an immense amount of stream data in various formats and schemata. For these areas, the idea of Linked Stream Data is to extend RDF data model to cope with the heterogeneity of data sources and to enable the data integration—not only among themselves, but also with other existing sources. This would enable a vast range of new, near real-time applications. Such applications drive the demand for processing engines that support continuous queries over Linked Stream Data and Linked Data. These engines must not only support the necessary functionalities but also meet the typical low-latency response requirement of stream processing applications. Since unmodified data stream management systems (DSMSs) and triple storages do not provide full functionalities required by Linked Stream Data processing, the rewriting approach could be used to delegate the processing to those systems. However, this suffers from the overhead of data transformation and does not enable full control over the query execution process. The overhead might be prohibitively expensive for the low-latency response requirement and the lack of full control of the execution process restricts optimisations partially and locally in each underlying sub-system. Moreover, the graph-based model of RDF data poses many challenges to designing a physical storage and optimising the processing when mapped to a relation-based data model. Nevertheless, most techniques and algorithms of DSMSs assume stream data being represented in that way. Therefore, algorithms and techniques for DSMSs and triple stores need to be carefully re-engineered to build an efficient and scalable processing engine for Linked Stream Data and Linked Data. In this work, we present an adaptive and native execution framework for Linked Stream Data and Linked Data, called CQELS (Continuous Query Evaluation over Linked Streams). The framework introduces one of the first continuous query languages over Linked Stream Data and Linked Data which is compatible with SPARQL 1.1. The flexibility of our execution framework enables performance gains of several orders of magnitudes over other related systems. For dealing with large RDF datasets and high update throughput RDF streams, we propose an efficient hybrid physical data organisation using novel data structures that support algorithms for efficient incremental evaluation of continuous query operators over Linked Stream Data. The framework also provides several adaptive optimisation algorithms. To demonstrate the advantages of the framework and of the CQELS processing engine in terms of performance, the thesis provides extensive experimental evaluations. The evaluations cover a comprehensive set of parameters that dictate the performance of a continuous queries over Linked Stream Data and Linked Data.