Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Industrial Wastewater Discharge and Compliance Investigation for Environmentally Resilient Rwanda

While Rwanda is aiming at environmental pollution resilience and green growth, some industries are still discharging untreated effluent into the environment. This study gives a general overview of the compliance level of industrial effluent discharge in Rwanda and the linked negative environmental impacts. It comprises qualitative and quantitative analyses of data obtained from wastewater samples collected from five selected industries in Rwanda. The selected industries had previously been audited and monitored by the Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA), due to complains from neighboring residents. The study found that the effluent discharge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) for all concerned industries failed to comply with (i) oil and grease (O&G) national and international tolerable parameter limits or the (ii) fecal coliforms national standard. In addition, a compliance level of 66.7% was observed for key water quality monitoring parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and heavy metals (i.e., lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr)). Following these study findings, one industry was closed by the REMA for deliberately discharging untreated effluent into an adjacent river. This study recommends the adoption of the best available technology for effluent treatment, installation or renovation of existing WWTPs, and the relocation to industrial zones of industries adjacent to fragile environments.
Non-local magnetoresistance in YIG/Pt nanostructures

We study the local and non-local magnetoresistance of thin Pt strips deposited onto yttrium iron garnet. The local magnetoresistive response, inferred from the voltage drop measured along one given Pt strip upon current-biasing it, shows the characteristic magnetization orientation dependence of the spin Hall magnetoresistance. We simultaneously also record the non-local voltage appearing along a second, electrically isolated, Pt strip, separated from the current carrying one by a gap of a few 100 nm. The corresponding non-local magnetoresistance exhibits the symmetry expected for a magnon spin accumulation-driven process, confirming the results recently put forward by Cornelissen et al. [1]. Our magnetotransport data, taken at a series of different temperatures as a function of magnetic field orientation, rotating the externally applied field in three mutually orthogonal planes, show that the mechanisms behind the spin Hall and the non-local magnetoresistance are qualitatively different. In particular, the non-local magnetoresistance vanishes at liquid Helium temperatures, while the spin Hall magnetoresistance prevails.
Two sides of the same coin? The effect of differentiation on noncompliance with European Union law

Noncompliance and differentiated integration are two strategies to cope with heterogeneity between European Union member states. This article explores the relationship between the two strategies of coping with heterogeneity. We start from the observation that research has linked cross-country variation in differentiated integration and noncompliance to similar root causes—diverging preferences and differential capacity. Addressing the same issues of heterogeneity, we hypothesize that differentiated integration is likely to reduce member states’ noncompliance. In order to test this hypothesis, we combine novel data on differentiated integration and noncompliance. We find that differentiation increases rather than reduces the likelihood of noncompliance. We conclude by discussing why differentiated integration does not serve as a strategy to prevent noncompliance.
Single image 3D scene reconstruction based on ShapeNet models

The 3D scene reconstruction task is the basis for implementing mixed reality, but traditional single-image scene reconstruction algorithms are difficult to generate regularized models. It is believed that this situation is caused by a lack of prior knowledge, so we try to introduce the model collection ShapeNet 1 to solve this problem. Besides, our approach incorporates traditional model generation algorithms. The predicted artificial indoor objects as indicators will match models in ShapeNet. The refined models selected from ShapeNet will then replace the rough ones to produce the final 3D scene. These selected models from the model library will greatly improve the aesthetics of the reconstructed 3D scene. We test our method on the NYU-v2 2 dataset and achieve pleasing results. Our project is publicly available at https://sjtu-cv- 2021.github. io/Single-Image-3D-Reconstruction-Based-On-ShapeNet.
Storage and manipulation of light using a Raman gradient-echo process

The gradient-echo memory (GEM) scheme has potential to be a suitable protocol for storage and retrieval of optical quantum information. In this paper, we review the properties of the Λ-GEM method that stores information in the ground states of three-level atomic ensembles via Raman coupling. The scheme is versatile in that it can store and re-sequence multiple pulses of light. To date, this scheme has been implemented using warm rubidium gas cells. There are different phenomena that can influence the performance of these atomic systems. We investigate the impact of atomic motion and four-wave mixing and present experiments that show how parasitic four-wave mixing can be mitigated. We also use the memory to demonstrate preservation of pulse shape and the backward retrieval of pulses.
Targeting Deubiquitinating Enzymes (DUBs) That Regulate Mitophagy via Direct or Indirect Interaction with Parkin

The quality control of mitochondria is critical for the survival of cells, and defects in the pathways required for this quality control can lead to severe disease. A key quality control mechanism in cells is mitophagy, which functions to remove damaged mitochondria under conditions of various stresses. Defective mitophagy can lead to a number of diseases including neurodegeneration. It has been proposed that an enhancement of mitophagy can improve cell survival, enhance neuronal function in neurodegeneration and extend health and lifespans. In this review, we highlight the role of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) in the regulation of mitophagy. We summarise the current knowledge on DUBs that regulate mitophagy as drug targets and provide a list of small molecule inhibitors that are valuable tools for the further development of therapeutic strategies targeting the mitophagy pathway in neurodegeneration.
Quantum field theory on rotating black hole spacetimes

This thesis is concerned with the development of a general method to compute renormalised local observables for quantum matter fields, in a given quantum state, on a rotating black hole spacetime. The rotating black hole may be surrounded by a Dirichlet mirror, if necessary, such that a regular, isometry-invariant vacuum state can be defined. We focus on the case of a massive scalar field on a (2+1)-dimensional rotating black hole, but the method can be extended to other types of matter fields and higher-dimensional rotating black holes. The Feynman propagator of the matter field in the regular, isometry-invariant state is written as a sum over mode solutions on the complex Riemannian section of the black hole. A Hadamard renormalisation procedure is implemented at the level of the Feynman propagator by expressing its singular part as a sum over mode solutions on the complex Riemannian section of rotating Minkowski spacetime. This allows us to explicitly renormalise local observables such as the vacuum polarisation of the quantum field. The method is applied to the vacuum polarisation of a real massive scalar field on a (2+1)-dimensional warped AdS3 black hole surrounded by a mirror. Selected numerical results are presented, demonstrating the numerical efficacy of the method. The existence of classical superradiance and the classical linear mode stability of the warped AdS3 black hole to massive scalar field perturbations are also analysed.
Dynamic Reinforcement Learning based Scheduling for Energy-Efficient Edge-Enabled LoRaWAN

Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is suitable for wide area sensor networks due to its low cost, long range, and low energy consumption. A device can transmit without interference if it chooses a unique channel, spread factor, transmission power different than any other transmitting device in network. However, in a dense network, the probability of interference increases because number of devices exceeds the total number of unique choices thus mandating retransmission after collision until successfully transmitted. Eventually, energy consumption of devices increases. In this poster, we present a Deep deterministic policy gradient reinforcement learning-based scheduling algorithm to improve energy efficiency by collision avoidance in a dense LoRaWAN network. We support our proposition with evaluation results for reducing energy consumption.
Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (convLSTM) for Spatio-Temporal Forecastings of Saturations and Pressure in the SACROC Field

A machine learning architecture composed of convolutional long short-term memory (convLSTM) is developed to predict spatio-temporal parameters in the SACROC oil field, Texas, USA. The spatial parameters are recorded at the end of each month for 30 years (360 months), approximately 83% (300 months) of which is used for training and the rest 17% (60 months) is kept for testing. The samples for the convLSTM models are prepared by choosing ten consecutive frames as input and ten consecutive frames shifted forward by one frame as output. Individual models are trained for oil, gas, and water saturations, and pressure using the Nesterov accelerated adaptive moment estimation (Nadam) optimization algorithm. A workflow is provided to comprehend the entire process of data extraction, preprocessing, sample preparation, training, testing of machine learning models, and error analysis. Overall, the convLSTM for spatio-temporal prediction shows promising results in predicting spatio-temporal parameters in porous media.
Investigation of the Mechanisms of Tramadol-Induced Seizures in Overdose in the Rat

Tramadol overdose is frequently associated with the onset of seizures, usually considered as serotonin syndrome manifestations. Recently, the serotoninergic mechanism of tramadol-attributed seizures has been questioned. This study’s aim was to identify the mechanisms involved in tramadol-induced seizures in overdose in rats. The investigations included (1) the effects of specific pretreatments on tramadol-induced seizure onset and brain monoamine concentrations, (2) the interaction between tramadol and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors in vivo in the brain using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and 11C-flumazenil. Diazepam abolished tramadol-induced seizures, in contrast to naloxone, cyproheptadine and fexofenadine pretreatments. Despite seizure abolishment, diazepam significantly enhanced tramadol-induced increase in the brain serotonin (p < 0.01), histamine (p < 0.01), dopamine (p < 0.05) and norepinephrine (p < 0.05). No displacement of 11C-flumazenil brain kinetics was observed following tramadol administration in contrast to diazepam, suggesting that the observed interaction was not related to a competitive mechanism between tramadol and flumazenil at the benzodiazepine-binding site. Our findings do not support the involvement of serotoninergic, histaminergic, dopaminergic, norepinephrine or opioidergic pathways in tramadol-induced seizures in overdose, but they strongly suggest a tramadol-induced allosteric change of the benzodiazepine-binding site of GABAA receptors. Management of tramadol-poisoned patients should take into account that tramadol-induced seizures are mainly related to a GABAergic pathway.
Why the distance of PSR J0218+4232 does not challenge pulsar emission theories

Recent very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) measurements of the astrometric parameters of the millisecond pulsar J0218+4232 by Du et al. have suggested that this pulsar is as distant as 6.3 kpc. At such a large distance, the large gamma-ray flux observed from this pulsar would make it the most luminous gamma-ray pulsar known. This luminosity would exceed what can be explained by the outer gap and slot-gap pulsar emission models, potentially placing important and otherwise elusive constraints on the pulsar emission mechanism. We show that the VLBI parallax measurement is dominated by the Lutz-Kelker bias. When this bias is corrected for, the most likely distance for this pulsar is 3.15(-0.60)(+0.85) kpc. This revised distance places the luminosity of PSR J0218+4232 into a range where it does not challenge any of the standard theories of the pulsar emission mechanism.
Holographic models of de Sitter QFTs

We describe the dynamics of strongly coupled field theories in de Sitter spacetime using the holographic gauge/gravity duality. The main motivation for this is to explore the possibility of dynamical phase transitions during cosmological evolution. Specifically, we study two classes of theories: (i) conformal field theories on de Sitter in the static patch which are maintained in equilibrium at temperatures that may differ from the de Sitter temperature and (ii) confining gauge theories on de Sitter spacetime. In the former case we show that such states make sense from the holographic viewpoint in that they have regular bulk gravity solutions. In the latter situation we add to the evidence for a confinement/deconfinement transition for a large N planar gauge theory as the cosmological acceleration is increased past a critical value. For the field theories we study, the critical acceleration corresponds to a de Sitter temperature which is less than the Minkowski space deconfinement transition temperature by a factor of the spacetime dimension.
Phytochemical composition and cytotoxicity of ethanolic extracts of some selected plants

ABSTRACT This study determines the phytochemical contents of selected medicinal plant extracts quantitatively using spectrophotometry and to evaluate their safety on mammalian cells in vitro using tetrazolium-based colorimetric cytotoxicity assay. Twenty-two ethanolic plant extracts were assessed, and the result showed that Psidium guajava had the highest concentration of alkaloids (219.06±11.50mg/g dry-weight (dw)). In contrast, Acacia nilotica leaf extract with 191.60±9.07mg/gdw had the highest level of flavonoids. Vernonia amygdalina and Moringa oleifera contained more steroids than the other plant extracts while condensed tannin was highest in Carya illinoinensis (21.72 ± 0.84 mg/g dw). Coffea arabica, Acacia nilotica leaf, Vernonia amygdalina, Carya illinoinensis and Psidium guajava had more saponins than the other plant extracts. Regarding cytotoxicity evaluation, Allium cepa and Tulbaghia violacea with concentration killing 50% of cells (LC50) values of 0.5182±0.40 and 0.4909 ± 0.034 mg/ml, respectively, were the safest of all the plant extracts. Acacia nilotica pod and Camelia japonica leaf extracts were the most cytotoxic with LC50 values of 0.0101 ± 0.016 and 0.0151 ± 0.005 mg/ml, respectively, which are well below the recommended toxic cut-off point (0.03mg/ml). The best selectivity index (SI) value of 1.061 was obtained with Aloe ferox against S. aureus, which is a Gram-positive bacterium.
ULTRAVIOLET/X-RAY VARIABILITY AND THE EXTENDED X-RAY EMISSION OF THE RADIO-LOUD BROAD ABSORPTION LINE QUASAR PG 1004+130

We present the results of recent Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Hubble Space Telescope observations of the radio-loud (RL), broad absorption line (BAL) quasar PG 1004+130. We compare our new observations to archival X-ray and UV data, creating the most comprehensive, high signal-to-noise, multi-epoch, spectral monitoring campaign of a RL BAL quasar to date. We probe for variability of the X-ray absorption, the UV BAL, and the X-ray jet, on month–year timescales. The X-ray absorber has a low column density of N H = 8 × 10 20 − 4 × 10 21 ? > cm − 2 ? > when it is assumed to be fully covering the X-ray emitting region, and its properties do not vary significantly between the four observations. This suggests that the observed absorption is not related to the typical “shielding gas” commonly invoked in BAL quasar models, but is likely due to material further from the central black hole. In contrast, the C iv BAL shows strong variability. The equivalent width (EW) in 2014 is EW = 11.24 ± 0.56 Å ? > , showing a fractional increase of Δ EW / ⟨ EW ⟩ = 1.16 ± 0.11 ? > from the 2003 observation, 3183 days earlier in the rest-frame. This places PG 1004+130 among the most highly variable BAL quasars. By combining Chandra observations we create an exposure that is 2.5 times deeper than studied previously, with which to investigate the nature of the X-ray jet and extended diffuse X-ray emission. An X-ray knot, likely with a synchrotron origin, is detected in the radio jet ∼ 8 ″ ? > (30 kpc) from the central X-ray source with a spatial extent of ∼ 4 ″ ? > (15 kpc). No similar X-ray counterpart to the counterjet is detected. Asymmetric, non-thermal diffuse X-ray emission, likely due to inverse Compton scattering of Cosmic Microwave Background photons, is also detected.
On the initial conditions for inflation with plateau potentials: the R+R2 (super)gravity case

We discuss the initial conditions problem for inflation driven by the vacuum energy of a plateau potential, and in particular the Starobinsky inflation. We show that the supergravity embedding of the R+R2 theory naturally decreases the size of the acausal homogeneity, required for the low-scale inflation to occur, thanks to the presence of the dynamical pure supergravitational ``auxiliary'' fields. We examine the evolution of the R+R2 fields within a FLRW Universe. We also find a dependence of the initial conditions problem on the background spatial curvature.
RNA Viruses, Pandemics and Anticipatory Preparedness

RNA viruses are likely to cause future pandemics and therefore we must create and organize a deep knowledge of these viruses to prevent and manage this risk. Assuming prevention will fail, at least once, we must be prepared to manage a future pandemic using all resources available. We emphasize the importance of having safe vaccine candidates and safe broad-spectrum antivirals ready for rapid clinical translation. Additionally, we must have similar tools to be ready for outbreaks of RNA viruses among animals and plants. Finally, similar coordination should be accomplished for other pathogens with pandemic potential.
Rates and progenitors of type Ia supernovae

The remarkable uniformity of Type Ia supernovae has allowed astronomers to use them as distance indicators to measure the properties and expansion history of the Universe. However, Type Ia supernovae exhibit intrinsic variation in both their spectra and observed brightness. The brightness variations have been approximately corrected by various methods, but there remain intrinsic variations that limit the statistical power of current and future observations of distant supernovae for cosmological purposes. There may be systematic effects in this residual variation that evolve with redshift and thus limit the cosmological power of SN Ia luminosity-distance experiments. To reduce these systematic uncertainties, we need a deeper understanding of the observed variations in Type Ia supernovae. Toward this end, the Nearby Supernova Factory has been designed to discover hundreds of Type Ia supernovae in a systematic and automated fashion and study them in detail. This project will observe these supernovae spectrophotometrically to provide the homogeneous high-quality data set necessary to improve the understanding and calibration of these vital cosmological yardsticks. From 1998 to 2003, in collaboration with the Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking group at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a systematic and automated searching program was conceived and executed using the computing facilities at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the National Energy Research Supercomputing Center. An automated search had never been attempted on this scale. A number of planned future large supernovae projects are predicated on the ability to find supernovae quickly, reliably, and efficiently in large datasets. A prototype run of the SNfactory search pipeline conducted from 2002 to 2003 discovered 83 SNe at a final rate of 12 SNe/month. A large, homogeneous search of this scale offers an excellent opportunity to measure the rate of Type Ia supernovae. This thesis presents a new method for analyzing the true sensitivity of a multi-epoch supernova search and finds a Type Ia supernova rate from z {approx} 0.01-0.1 of r{sub V} = 4.26{sub -1.93 -0.10}{sup +1.39 +0.10} h{sup 3} x 10{sup -4} SNe Ia/yr/Mpc{sup 3} from a preliminary analysis of a subsample of the SNfactory prototype search. Several unusual supernovae were found in the course of the SNfactory prototype search. One in particular, SN 2002ic, was the first SN Ia to exhibit convincing evidence for a circumstellar medium and offers valuable insight into the progenitors of Type Ia supernovae.
Toeplitz Cyclic-MUSIC Algorithms for DOA Estimation of the SOCS Correlated Signals

This letter addresses the problem of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for cyclostationary signal when the second-order cyclic statistics (SOCS) of signals are correlated. We first present a Toeplitz Cyclic-MUSIC algorithm for multichannels receiver by exploiting signal cyclostationarity. Based on cyclic autocorrelation of the received signal, a new pesudocyclic covriance matrix, which is Toeplitz, is constructed. The rank of Toeplitz matrix is equal to the number of signals even if the SOCS of signals are correlated. So the MUSIC algorithm can be used to estimate the DOAs of sources. Moreover, a single channel Toeplitz Cyclic-MUSIC algorithm for the the single-channel receiver is proposed to avoid the affect of channel inconsistency. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is verified by computer simulation, and the performance of the proposed algorithms is compared with the existing algorithms correspondingly.
Thermo field dynamics approach for entropy of spacetime

A thermo field dynamics approach for calculating the entropy of a spacetime is suggested. It is exemplified through the Rindler spacetime, the Milne spacetime, the Boulware spacetime, and the Minkowski spacetime with a moving mirror that the entropy of a spacetime is equal to the entropy of a thermo quantum field with the same temperature of the spacetime we study. This in fact suggests an thermo field dynamics approach of calculating the entropy of a spacetime. In this approach, the entropy of a spacetime is an expectation value of the entropy operator on a thermo vacuum state. The thermo vacuum state is the vacuum state on the maximal manifold which is the maximal analytic extension of the spacetime we study.