Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chunks are not “Content-Free”: Hierarchical Representations Preserve Perceptual Detail within Chunks

Chunks allow us to use long-term knowledge to efficiently represent the world in working memory. Most views of chunking assume that when we use chunks, this results in the loss of specific perceptual details, since it is presumed the contents of chunks are decoded from long-term memory rather than reflecting the exact details of the item that was presented. However, in two experiments, we find that in situations where participants make use of chunks to improve visual working memory, access to instance-specific perceptual detail (that cannot be retrieved from long-term memory) increased, rather than decreased. This supports an alternative view: that chunks facilitate the encoding and retention into memory of perceptual details as part of structured, hierarchical memories, rather than serving as mere “content-free” pointers. It also provides a strong contrast to accounts in which working memory capacity is assumed to be exhaustively described by the number of chunks remembered.
Sb2S3-Sensitized Nanoporous TiO2 Solar Cells

Extremely Thin Absorber (ETA) solar cells were made using chemical-bath-deposited Sb2S3 as the absorber and TiO2/CuSCN as the interpenetrating electron/hole conductors. A solar conversion efficiency of 3.37% at 1 sun illumination was obtained. Surface oxidation of the Sb2S3 formed a passivation layer on Sb2S3: without this oxidation, much poorer cells were obtained. Preliminary stability measurements showed good stability over 3 days of illumination (at 60 mW/cm2) under load.
Utility and health-related quality of life measures in adult Colombian patients with solid tumours

According to a 2020 report, the World Health Organization explained how, in 20 years, the prevalence of cancer cases will increase by 60% worldwide. In lower-middle-income countries, this figure will be 74.07%. Therefore, the authors propose a series of recommendations, such as how to address both traditional health indicators and the psychosocial environment, to improve the health system. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the impact of cancer on the quality of life (QoL) and health status of oncology patients in Colombia. An observational cross-sectional study using patient reported outcomes tools, such as European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life of Cancer Patients (QLQ-C30) and EuroQoL-5 dimensions questionnaire-3 levels (EQ5D-3L), was carried out. The information of 356 people was compiled. They were contacted by patient associations. The results were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, using ordinary least squares methodology. For the EORTC QLQ-C30, overall health status was 66.05 (95% confidence interval: 63.78–68.32), on the functional scales, emotional and social function were the two scales with the lowest ratings (71.57 and 71.77), without any representative differences. For the EQ5D-3L, the average utility was 0.70 (Standard deviation: 0.20); 50% of people had a utility between 0.63 and 0.82. The analysed population was most affected in the following areas: financial difficulties, insomnia, anxiety, depression and emotional functioning, establishing the need for future interventions and the creation of public policies that generate a better QoL for patients.
Effects of the Spatial Variability of Soil Properties on the Liquefaction
Vulnerability Indicators

Taeho Bong, Joon Heo, Sung-Ryul Kim, Byeong-Soo Yoo Colloge of Engineering/Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea bth21@snu.ac. kr Rural Research Institute/Korea Rural Community Corporation E870, Haen-ro Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Republic of Korea jheo01@ekr.or. kr Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering/Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea sungryul@snu.ac. kr; ybspnut@snu.ac. kr
Factors Affecting Women Entrepreneurship and its impact on SMEs Development

Dr. Faiz Ul Hassan Shah1, *Dr. Urooj Fatima2, Dr. Maqsood Ahmad3, Abdul Ahad Roshan Saeed4, Dr. Muhammad Usman Riaz5, Farhan Ghafoor6, 1Mir Chakar Khan Rind University Sibi, Baluchistan. HOD of Department of Education, 2*Riphah International University, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Faisalabad (Corresponding author), 3Divisional Model School, Faisalabad, 4Lecturer, Department of Education, Mir Chakar Khan Rind University Sibi, Baluchistan, 5Harbin University of Science and Technology, China, School of Economics and Management, 6Government College University Faisalabad, Research Assistant, Emails: 1Syed.f@mckru.edu. pk, 2*fatimaarooj092@gmail.com, 3maqsoodbabar5050@yahoo.com, 4iamroshansaeed@gmail.com, 5musmanriaz@yahoo.com, 6mfarhaan258@gmail.com
Photoreaction of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets in Water

Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets have many semiconducting π-conjugated sp2 domains of various sizes within an oxygenated sp3 domain. The chemical and physical properties, therefore, can be widely tuned by adjusting the degree of oxidation through photoreaction, because the semiconducting domains act as a semiconducting photocatalyst when irradiated with light of energy exceeding the band gap of the domains. In this paper, we report new photoreactions similar to photocatalytic reactions in which H2 and CO2 are evolved from an aqueous suspension of GO nanosheets under UV irradiation; these reactions are based on the photoreactions of oxygen-containing functional groups and carbon. As a result, reduced GO (rGO) nanosheets with many holes and defects were produced. We conjecture that some carbons in the holes belong to zigzag edges, CH bonds, or both and that the rGO nanosheets therefore have ferromagnetic properties. In photoelectrochemical measurements of a GO nanosheet electrode, a large anodic photocurrent .
Automated Small Intestine Bleeding Detection Using Wireless Capusle Endocscopy Images

—In this paper, an efficient automated detection of small intestine bleeding using Neural Networks is proposed. The pre-processing techniques used for the raw images include grayscale, negative, brighten, median filtering, Gaussian filtering, morphological, edge detection and thresholding. The main features extracted from the images are Color Normalization, Contrast Enhancement, Cross-correlation, Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) Layers, Back–Propagation, and Pooling Layer. Convolution Neural Network resent-50 is used to extract the features, predict and classify into bleeding and non-bleeding. A GUI is developed to demonstrate the proposed system using MATLAB. This system obtained 98.6% of average accuracy with CNN resnet-50 with 6 features only, as compared with CNN Goglenet, Alexnet and Softmax.
Competition and Gender-skill-differentials in Earnings and Productivity: Evidence from China’s Industrial Sector

This paper compares wages and welfare benefits of gender-skill groups of employees with the productivity they generate to assess earnings discrimination in the Chinese industrial sector. Using firm-level data for 2004 and 2005, I find that unskilled women receive wages that exceed their productivity contributions, while the opposite is found for skilled women. Larger gaps between earnings and productivities of employee groups within SOEs and COEs than within HKMTand foreign-invested firms is interpreted as support for a negative correlation between competition and discrimination. Finally, enterprise-provided welfare is found not to contribute to polarization of industrial earnings along gender-skill lines. JEL classification code: I30; J16; J71; O10 23 Jun. 09 Johanna Rickne, johanna.rickne@nek.uu. se Uppsala University and the Research Institute of Industrial Economics in Stockholm
Anthocyanin Effects in Reducing Platelet Hyperactivity and Thrombotic Risk in Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Platelet hyperactivity has a crucial role in initiating vascular thrombosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aims to assess the effect of anthocyanins on several risk markers of thrombosis in T2DM. Twenty-three patients with T2DM consumed 320 mg of AC/day in the form of Medox® capsules for 28 days. Blood pressure and anthropometric measures were taken before and after the intervention period. Fasting blood samples were collected pre and post-intervention to perform different analyses. Analysis of platelet activation measured the platelet activation measured the expression of platelet surface marker. Surface markers included CD41a and P-selectin in adenosine diphosphate (ADP) stimulated platelets. Platelet aggregation, full blood examination, coagulation and biochemistry profile analyses were also evaluated pre and post-intervention. Results: Flow cytometric analysis showed no effect of AC on the expression of P-selectin. There were significant reductions in ADP and collagenstimulated platelet aggregation. The hematologic measurements showed no impact of AC. Coagulation analysis demonstrated a non-significant change of prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, or fibrinogen level in the blood. This study showed a reduction of platelet aggregation and total serum cholesterol. These results suggest that AC positively impacts attenuating platelet function potential improvement in lipid profile, minimising thrombotic risk.
Parent Involvement and Student Achievement in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: Evidence from PIRLS 2016 Data

Numerous studies have shown that parental involvement has a significant influence on student achievement. However, most of these studies have been conducted in Western Europe and North America. In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region, we find that quantitative research that examines parents’ behavior is limited. In order to design efficient parent engagement programs and family policies, we need to understand how parents interact with their children’s education in this area. Data from PIRLS is the only open-access data that allows us to study parent involvement by using a large sample that may reveal parents’ behavior patterns. This work investigates elements of parental involvement addressed in the parent questionnaire of PIRLS and studies its relationship to student reading achievement. The results showed a positive influence of parents’ practice of educational activities and expectations of their children’s educational achievement, and a negative association between student reading achievement and parents’ help with homework. Implications are discussed from the perspective of the social context in the GCC. صخلملا برغ لود تيرجأ تاساردلا هذه مظعم ،كلذ نم رل . ةبلطلا ليص ع ةيئاصحإ د وذ أ ا له ا ةكراشم نأ ةديدع تاسارد تر أ دلاولا ةكراشم ا مصت ي لو . دود له ا تايكولس ت يذلا لا ثحبلا نأ د ، يل ا نواعتلا سل لود . ي رمأ ل وأ وروأ ديحولا ردص ا زل ب نم ةصلختس ا ت ايبلا . ةقطں ا هذه م اںبأ لعت عم له ا لعافتي فيك م إ ةجا نحںف ، ئاعل ةقلعت ا تاسايسلاو ةساردلا . م ايكولس ط اںل رهظت نأ نك لاو عساو م تاذ ةںيع مادختسا قي رط نع له ا ةكراشم ةساردب ثحابلل حمسي نأ نك يذلاو حوتف ا ليصحتب اںعلا هذه ةق ع ةساردلا ثحبت كلذك . زل ب رابتخا دلاولا نايبتسا ا لإ قرطتلا لاو له ا ةكراشم اںع ضعب ت ةيلا ا ةءارقلا ليص ب ةيبلس ةق ع كلذك تر أو م اںب يلعتلا ىوتس ل م اعقوت ةيميلعتلا ةطشن ل له ا ةسر ةيبا إ ةق ع اتںلا تر أ . ةءارقلا . يل ا نواعتلا سل لودل ج ا قايسلا لظ تاجاتںتس ا ةشقاںم ، ً اماتخ . تابجاولا ءادأ م اںب له ا ةدعاسمو
Work-in-progress: Comparing Feedback Distributions in Limited Teacher-Student Settings

Modern fully autonomous reinforcement learning agents often require several thousand interactions to learn satisfactory policies for complex tasks. Leveraging feedback from humans with an understanding of the task can significantly reduce this training time. We adopt heuristics from the action advice literature to train a TAMER student, an algorithm capable of learning via evaluative feedback, with an autonomous teacher agent and report empirical results under varying feedback budgets. Our experiments placed the student in progressively more complex environments, beginning with a grid-world, then Mountain Car, and finally Lunar Lander. We found that the feedback heuristics of the teacher agent did result in significant differences in the student’s performance across all tasks. Further, the relative efficacy of feedback heuristics can be highly sensitive to the environment, although alternating advising tended to perform well in two of the three tasks.
Exploring two interaction mechanisms for in-vehicle touch screens: Peripheral Vision and Muscle Memory

: There is a need to understand how in-vehicle touchscreens can be designed to minimise “eyes off road” time. We investigated the relative effects of two mechanisms shown to be relevant to visual behaviour when driving, but previously not considered together in the context of in-vehicle touchscreen use: peripheral vision (PV) and muscle memory (MM), i.e. motor learning. This study was designed to isolate and observe the effects of PV and MM on the time to press different sized buttons (small 6x6cm, medium 10x10cm, large 14x14cm) on an in-vehicle touchscreen. Twenty-five participants were seated in a driving simulator and were presented with a single, white, square button on the touchscreen on 24 successive occasions. For MM conditions, participants wore a pair of glasses that blocked their peripheral vision and for PV conditions they were asked to focus on the vehicle in front. Results show that task time was significantly higher during MM tasks at the beginning of each condition compared to task time for PV tasks. NASA TLX results showed that perceived workload was significantly higher during MM in comparison with PV conditions. Results suggest that for interfaces that utilise peripheral visual processing the learning effect is not evident and operation times are constant over time. This suggests that in-vehicle touch screens can be designed to utilise peripheral vision for making simple button selections.
Development of autoclaved aerated concrete production with silica raw material having a higher solubility than quartz

Motivation The time and energy consumption during the production of AAC is strongly determined by the steam curing process [1], which is firstly necessary to dissolve the silica raw material and secondly to establish the conditions for C-S-H formation. A reduction in processing time and temperature would provide relevant advantages. Currently, it is well established to use quartz as SiO2 source for AAC production. Quartz has a relatively low solubility in water and the rate of dissolution is also relatively slow [2, 3]. Therefore, in the case of using quartz as a silica source in AAC, steam curing with a quite high temperature i.e. more than T > 180 oC is required [4]. However, with silica sources which have a higher solubility in water, there is a possibility to have lower steam curing temperature which would provide advantages in energy consumption (lower curing temperature, shorter curing times, less binder usage, lower CO2 emissions) and use of a wider range of raw materials. This study focuses on developing AAC mixtures with optimized curing conditions and binder requirements by substitution of quartz with silica materials having a higher solubility than quartz.
The development and process optimization of atorvastatin calcium and Naringin bilayer tablet to improve the bioavailability of atorvastatin calcium by two-level factorial design using Design-Expert®

Bioenhancers are substances that can improve the bioavailability of drugs. Naringin is one of the naturally occurring fruit flavonoids found in citrus fruits that allows for increased absorption of various drugs. The main objective of the work was to determine the effect of naringin on the bioavailability of atorvastatin, the effective concentration, and the time at which the concentration of naringin was calculated. The bioavailability of atorvastatin was evaluated in rats with a single dose. The method was optimized using Design-Expert® software to modify the process, formulation, and concentration parameters. The study concluded that pre-treatment with 2 mg/kg of naringin for 15 minutes increased the bioavailability of atorvastatin by approximately ninefold. The atorvastatin layer is formed using 2.987 mg of crospovidone as a binder and the naringin layer is developed using 5 mg of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a disintegrant. After 1.53 minutes of administration, the Naringin layer disintegrates and atorvastatin disintegrates after 16.27 minutes of administration. By designing bilayer tablets of atorvastatin and naringin, the bioavailability of atorvastatin has improved significantly.
Constraining the response factors of an extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometer for near-molecular aerosol speciation

Abstract. Online characterization of aerosol composition at the near-molecular level is key to understanding chemical reaction mechanisms, kinetics, and sources under various atmospheric conditions. The recently developed extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF) is capable of detecting a wide range of organic oxidation products in the particle phase in real time with minimal fragmentation. Quantification can sometimes be hindered by a lack of available commercial standards for aerosol constituents, however. Good correlations between the EESI-TOF and other aerosol speciation techniques have been reported, though no attempts have yet been made to parameterize the EESI-TOF response factor for different chemical species. Here, we report the first parameterization of the response factors of the EESI-TOF for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) at the near-molecular level based on their elemental composition. SOA was formed by ozonolysis of monoterpenes or OH-oxidation of aromatics inside an oxidation flow reactor (OFR) using ammonium nitrate as seed particles. A Vocus proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometer (Vocus-PTR) and a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) were used to determine the gas phase molecular composition and the particle phase bulk chemical composition, respectively. The EESI response factors towards bulk SOA and the inorganic coating were constrained by intercomparison with the AMS. The highest bulk EESI response factor was observed for SOA produced from 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, followed by those produced from d-limonene and o-cresol, consistent with previous findings. The near-molecular EESI response factors were derived from intercomparisons with Vocus-PTR measurements, and were found to vary from 103 to 106 ions s−1 ppb−1, mostly within ±1 order of magnitude of their geometric mean of 104.5 ions s−1 ppb−1. For aromatic SOA components, the EESI response factors correlated with molecular weight and oxygen content, and inversely correlated with volatility. The near-molecular response factors agreed within a factor of 20 for isomers observed across the aromatics and biogenic systems. Parameterization of the near-molecular response factors based on the measured elemental formulae could reproduce the empirically determined response factor for a single VOC system to within a factor of 5 for the configuration of our mass spectrometers. Results demonstrate that standard-free quantification using EESI-TOF is possible.
Deploying and Analyzing Air Quality Sensors in Mongolian Gers

Deploying and Analyzing Air Quality Sensors in Mongolian Gers Lehi Sttenio Alcantara School of Technology, BYU Master of Science The purpose of this research is to develop best practices for deploying air quality sensors in a remote location such as Mongolia. I discussed the architecture and design constraints when collecting remote air quality sensors data, the challenges that emerge while implementing a sensor-based network in a remote location such as Mongolia. The tradeoffs of using different architectures are described. I observed the usage of electrical heaters in modified gers in remote locations and conclude how effective they are in reducing PM2.5 levels by analyzing air quality data and go through the process of cleaning up the data and removing humidity from low-cost sensors used to deploy in a remote location such as Mongolia so that the PM2.5 reading is more accurate. In order to help many humanitarian efforts dealing with better air quality in developing countries, an air quality sensor was designed to keep low cost as much as possible. The cost is about $200 to build, which is cheaper than other low-cost sensors, yet provides more functionality (e.g., CO2 sensing) and used cellular connectivity to upload data in real-time. This sensor has implications beyond Mongolia. The sensor can be used anywhere WiFi connectivity is not available, such as parks, bus stops, and along roadways, breaking the constraints that other low-cost sensors have. Removing the need for WiFi is a necessary step in allowing ubiquitous air quality sensing. The contributions in this thesis are: First, I presented the challenges one should consider while deploying air quality sensors in developing countries. Second, since Mongolia offers a unique environment and constraints, I shared experiences in deploying sensors in a remote location like Mongolia. This experience goes beyond air quality sensors and can inform anyone who is deploying sensors in remote areas. Third the analysis of the PM2.5 on the gers gives us better insights as to whether modifying gers with insulation and using electrical heaters as opposed to burning coal to heat up the gers makes a difference in regard to better air quality in the gers.
Traceability to ensure food safety and consumer protection as typified by case studies of three meat processing plants

Ensuring food safety is a legal obligation of the manufacturer or of the entity that places the product on sale. Traceability is one of the tools that are used to ensure food safety. It allows the withdrawal of a dangerous or non-compliant product from the market and determines the source of a threat. The aim of the study was to compare the functioning and effectiveness of traceability systems in selected approved meat industry plants. The system functioning in a large meat processing plant, in which the circulation of documents was implemented in a computer system, was compared with two smaller ones, in which paper documentation was carried out, but supported by a computer system. In these plants, the traceability system was based on internal procedures. Properly developed traceability procedures and simulations support and enable response in a crisis. Computer systems streamline and facilitate the traceability process. However, the comparative analysis showed that the use of paper records allowed for efficient identification of the source of the threat. The possibility of performing product traceability was confirmed in these plants. Internal markings and codes and documentation flow, staff training, and awareness proved helpful. ______________________________________________________________________________________
2nd ICAN-Malaysia International Conference on Accounting and Finance (ICAF-IMDS 2020) 24-27 February 2020, Kuching, Malaysia, BORNEO Financial Development, Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Openness Impact on the Economic Growth of Nigeria

This study examines the impact of finance on economic growth in the Nigeria economy for the period 1970 to 2018. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is employed. The results of the bounds test indicated long run relationship among the variables utilized. The key variables that enhance growth in the economy are financial development and trade openness, while foreign direct investment stymied growth. The policy makers can rely on financial development and trade openness for sustainable economic growth as the new AfCFTA agreement is about to start. The FDI is important, but the emphasize should be more on the improvement of the political environment, afterward the desired FDI will flow and stimulate growth.