Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
QUALITY OPTIMIZATION OF THE FACEBOOK IN ACCESS IMPACTS OF THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE ON THE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

: The most common social media platform is Facebook social network. Apart from IT experts and professionals, social media is used by the people from every walk of life. When it comes to the users of social media, students are not an exception. Using social media is one of the main online activity of students, since it is easier for them to formulate a group and share study material and assignments with each other. Students are busy in the peers in educational institutes for the enhancement of the skills of learning for improving the learning experience. However, the academic performance of university students may suffer due to excessive use of social media. This study will investigate the impact of social media usage on the academic performance of university students. In this case, has potential to distract young learners around academics and to develop a distraction to undergraduate students at university. The current study requires the data to be taken from the original subjects in the method of quantitative type. To accomplish this research, a comprehensive questionnaire is going to be developed and subjective tests are going to be performed to collect user data. Finally, results are collected and analyzed using statistical packages.
Variation and trends of landscape dynamics, land surface phenology and net primary production of the Appalachian Mountains

Abstract. The gradients of elevations and latitudes in the Appalachian Mountains provide a unique regional perspective on landscape variations in the eastern United States and southeastern Canada. We reveal patterns and trends of landscape dynamics, land surface phenology, and ecosystem production along the Appalachian Mountains using time series data from Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Global Production Efficiency Model datasets. We analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), length of growing season (LOS), and net primary production (NPP) of selected ecoregions along the Appalachian Mountains regions. We compare the results in different spatial contexts, including North America and the Appalachian Trail corridor area. To reveal latitudinal variations, we analyze data and compare the results between the 30°-to-40°N and the 40°-to-50°N latitudes. The result reveal significant decreases in annual peak NDVI in the Appalachian Mountains regions. The trend for the Appalachian Mountains regions was a − 0.0018 ( R 2 = 0.55 , P < 0.0001 ) NDVI unit decrease per year during 25 years from 1982 to 2006. The LOS was prolonged by 0.3 days per year − 1 during the 25-year percent. The NPP increased by 2.68 g Cm − 2 yr − 2 from 1981 to 2000.
When do supervisors punish subordinates’ unethical pro-organizational behavior: Roles of moral identity and goal congruence with the group

Given that unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) violates moral standards but benefits the organization at the same time, supervisors’ responses to this behavior could be equivocal although it is supposed to be punished. Previous research, however, has centered on antecedents of UPB, less is known about its consequences, especially how supervisors respond to subordinates’ UPB. Integrating social identity theory with social information processing theory, this paper aims to explain when supervisors perceive subordinate UPB in a negative way, and further engage in negative leading behaviors as punishments for UPB. Results of a multi-wave, multiple-source survey suggest that subordinates’ UPB is most negatively related to supervisors’ trust when supervisors’ moral identity is prominent and goal congruence with the group is low. Furthermore, results show that reduced trust ultimately elicits abusive supervisor behavior. These findings extend understanding of when and why supervisors punish rather than indulge subordinates who act in ethically questionable ways and provide important insights into supervisors’ leading behavior from a bottom-up perspective.
A Stereophonic Acoustic Echo Cancellation Algorithm Based on Sub-band Extended LMS Algorithm and Dual-Filter Structure

Acoustic Echo Cancellers are widely used in speech communication applications to cancel echoes that result from the coupling between loudspeaker and microphone. Nowadays many teleconferencing systems use two-channel audio to enhance sound realism. However, stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation (SAEC) is more difficult than its single-channel counterpart because of the high correlation between the two excitation signals. This paper proposes a SAEC algorithm with excellent convergence performance and robust double talk detection (DTD) performance, which uses an Extended LMS (ELMS) algorithm in sub-bands. By utilizing the dual-filter structure with a robust transfer logic, the proposed algorithm becomes more stable in a double-talk situation. The experimental results prove that the proposed SAEC algorithm outperforms the sub-band ELMS algorithm with pseudo-coherence and ELMS algorithm with pseudo-coherence based on block processing in frequency-domain (two-channel FLMS).
Short-Lived Absorptive Type III-like Microwave Bursts as a Signature of Fragmented Electron Injections

In this paper, we devote ourselves to interpreting the short-lived absorptive type III-like microwave bursts in the 2006 December 13 flare event observed with high temporal and spectral resolutions (8 ms and 10 MHz) by the Chinese Solar Broadband Radio Spectrometer (SBRS/Huairou) at 2.6-3.8 GHz. In the decimeter-centimeter wavelength range, we first present the observations of short-lived bursts represented as a number of absorptive “spikes” superposed on the type IV continuum that can be connected by fast-drifting lines. The mean drift rate, the instantaneous bandwidth, and the absorption depth of these absorptive spikes are about –12 GHz s−1, 70 MHz, and 40%, respectively. The duration at a single frequency band can be less than the instrument resolution of 8 ms. On the basis of numerical investigations of the loss-cone instability, we suggest that fragmented electron injections with durations of as short as several milliseconds into the loss cone could be the most appropriate mechanism with which to explain the bursts. The length of an electron beam is estimated to be about 400 km, on the basis of the observational results. These injections may be related to the fragmented energy release processes during the flare. We also observe some absorptive type III-like bursts accompanying ordinary type III bursts with reverse drifts. They start at the same frequency, and the starting frequency slowly drifts to the low-frequency region. This could be a signature of propagating bidirectional electron beams originating near the reconnection region.
Preclinical Potential of Probiotic-Loaded Novel Gelatin–Oil Vaginal Suppositories: Efficacy, Stability, and Safety Studies

The current study describes a suppository base composed of aqueous gelatin solution emulsifying oil globules with probiotic cells dispersed within. The favorable mechanical properties of gelatin to provide a solid gelled structure, and the tendency of its proteins to unravel into long strings that interlace when cooled, lead to a three-dimensional structure that can trap a lot of liquid, which was exploited herein to result in a promising suppository form. The latter maintained incorporated probiotic spores of Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2 in a viable but non-germinating form, preventing spoilage during storage and imparting protection against the growth of any other contaminating organism (self-preserved formulation). The gelatin–oil–probiotic suppository showed uniformity in weight and probiotic content (23 ± 2.481 × 108 cfu) with favorable swelling (double) followed by erosion and complete dissolution within 6 h of administration, leading to the release of probiotic (within 45 min) from the matrix into simulated vaginal fluid. Microscopic images indicated presence of probiotics and oil globules enmeshed in the gelatin network. High viability (24.3 ± 0.46 × 108), germination upon application and a self-preserving nature were attributed to the optimum water activity (0.593 aw) of the developed composition. The retention of suppositories, germination of probiotics and their in vivo efficacy and safety in vulvovaginal candidiasis murine model are also reported.
Highly air-stable electrical performance of graphene field effect transistors by interface engineering with amorphous fluoropolymer

Excellent stability on the electrical characteristics of graphene field effect transistors in an air ambient is achieved by inserting an amorphous fluoropolymer between the graphene channel and SiO2 gate dielectric. The interface engineering exploits the highly water repellent property of the fluoropolymer stemming from high hydrophobicity and low moisture permeation, and results in negligible hole doping of graphene from absorption of water molecules. In addition, the graphene field effect transistors with the fluoropolymer/SiO2 gate dielectric shows superior performances including negligible VDirac hysteresis and highly stable carrier mobility, which are important characteristics for analog rf device applications.
Expansion of Continuous Differentiable Functions in Fourier Legendre Series

Let 1.1 denote the nth partial sum of the Fourier Legendre series of a function ƒ(x). The references available to us, except (5), prove only that Sn(ƒ, x) converges uniformly to ƒ(x) in [— 1, 1] if ƒ(x) has a continuous second derivative on [—1, 1]. Very recently Suetin (5) has shown by employing a theorem of A. F. Timan (7) (which is a stronger form of Jackson's theorem) that Sn(ƒ, x) converges uniformly to ƒ(x) ƒ(x) belongs to a Lipschitz class of order greater than 1/2 in [—1, 1]. More generally he has proved the following theorem.
Optical properties of oxygen precipitates and dislocations in silicon

Photoluminescence (PL) and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements were used to study the origin of optical emissions in the 0.8–1.0 eV region of selected oxygen precipitated and dislocated silicon samples. It was shown that the D1 band, present in both types of samples, is the convolution of different sub-bands, narrowly spaced between 0.802 and 0.820 eV. The emission at 0.807 eV, assigned in the literature to dislocations, was found only in samples where dislocations were intentionally generated by plastic deformation or induced by the clustering of self-interstitials generated during the growth of oxide precipitates. A comparison of the results of PL, DLTS, and optical DLTS measurements allows the assignment of levels involved in the radiative recombination processes.
Design of a Compact Asymmetric Orthomode Transducer for 5G Applications

A compact asymmetric orthomode transducer (OMT) for the characterization and measurements of dual polarized 5G communication systems is designed. The OMT is customly designed for the n260 (37 - 40 GHz) and n259 (39.5 - 43.5 GHz) bands. The OMT covers 20% fractional bandwidth (36 - 44 GHz) with a measured return loss and isolation better than 15 dB and 35 dB respectively. Good agreement between simulations and measurements is obtained.
Hyperspectral Image Classification using Machine Learning Techniques - A Survey

Hyperspectral image classification is a difficult and rapidly expanding domain in Remote Sensing applications such as land cover-land use monitoring, urban design, crop identification, and so on. Because hyperspectral data contains both rich spectral information and sufficient spatial information, the hyperspectral image classification process must handle large amounts of data. However, the availability of training samples is insufficient to train any supervised classification system. Wavelets such as Gabor Wavelets are commonly used for classifying hyperspectral images in order to incorporate both multi scale and multi orientation properties. The best subset of features from the extracted pool of features is identified and used for classification. Meanwhile, the least significant features, redundant features, and features that pull agents to classification accuracies are identified and discarded by a Genetic Algorithm-based process. Deep learning techniques are used to perform classification on the selected features alone. GA optimization techniques are used for feature selection because they never trap in local minima and perfectly converge at global minima, resulting in optimum feature selection. There are several models for hyperspectral image classification, but more research is needed to improve accuracy. This paper provides a brief overview of various hyperspectral image classification models.
A Novel Nonisolated Four-Port Converter for Flexible DC Microgrid Operation

In this paper, a new nonisolated four-port dc–dc converter is proposed for dc microgrid applications. The proposed converter offers a main feature of controlling the dc link voltage regardless of resources availability. By using four IGBT switches and only one diode, three different sources can be interfaced to a boosted dc link load. Different operation modes of the proposed architecture are discussed, testified, and validated experimentally. The buck–boost capability of the proposed topology allows an enhanced flexibility to integrate various sources with distinct voltage-current (V–I) characteristics while sharing load power among all ports. In this context, steady state analysis is performed to determine the voltage gains between all ports. The control strategy is developed for the proposed topology to manage power flow between sources and load achieving basic operations for renewable resources such as MPPT for PV. A theoretical based study is performed on the proposed converter including steady-state analysis, state-space averaging followed by small signal modeling and frequency response-based controller design. The converter different operating conditions are validated experimentally.
Icariin Induces Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Apoptosis and Suppresses Invasion by Inhibiting the JNK/c-Jun Signaling Pathway

Background Breast cancer is a common cancer worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer characterized by a poor prognosis. Icariin (ICA) is a flavonoid glycoside purified from the natural product Epimedium, which is reported to exert an inhibitory effect on a variety of cancers. However, molecular mechanisms behind ICA suppressed TNBC remain elusive. Methods The curative effects of ICA on TNBC cells and potential targets were predicted by network pharmacology and molecular biology methods screening, and the mechanism of inhibition was explained through in vitro experiments such as cell function determination, Western blot analysis, molecular docking verification, etc. Results This study showed that ICA inhibits TNBC cell functions such as proliferation, migration, and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. ICA could induce redox‐induced apoptosis in TNBC cell, as shown by ROS upregulation. As a result of network pharmacology, ICA was predicted to be able to inhibit the MAPK signaling pathway. ICA treatment inhibited the expression of JNK and c-Jun and downregulated the antiapoptotic gene cIAP-2. Our results suggested that ICA could induce apoptosis by inducing an excessive accumulation of ROS in cells and suppress TNBC cell invasion via the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway. Conclusion We demonstrated that ICA can effectively inhibit cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of TNBC cells. In addition, ICA could inhibit TNBC cell invasion through the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway. The above suggests that ICA may become a potential drug for TNBC.
Mutations in genes encoding innate immune molecules identified in bladder cancer samples as potential biomarkers for immunotherapy with BCG and agonists

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy for the treatment of bladder cancer (BC) depends on the recognition of bacteria by extracellular toll-like receptors (TLRs) or the detection of mycobacterial DNA by endosomal TLRs or the cGAS-STING pathway. Agonists related to these innate immune pathways have been developed as adjuvants to potentiate the effects of immunotherapy. As innate immune pathways are important for the action of BCG and other agonists proposed for BC therapy, we decided to investigate the presence of mutations in the main receptors of these pathways. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was screened to identify BC-related mutations (apart from oncogenes), targeting, in particular, TLRs, the adaptor molecule MyD88, and the cGAS-STING (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes) immune pathway. Among 1,724 BC entries, 103 mutations were identified in 80 affected cases in the cohort. TLR9 and TLR10 ranked among the most frequent mutated genes observed in the affected cases in our search (13 mutations each). Through all analyzed data, the search for MYD88 gene recovered only 1 mutation input in the database. Mutations in the STING and cGAS genes were found in one and four cases, respectively. We also evaluated clinical data, including the pathologic stage of BC, and gene expression from 103 mutations entries. This article attempts to highlight the relevance of mutations in genes coding for innate immune molecules in BC samples as potential biomarkers to predict individual disease outcome, and specifically to help find the appropriate treatment for each person in the future.
Insights into Early Ontogenesis of Salmo salar: RNA Extraction, Housekeeping Gene Validation and Transcriptional Expression of Important Primordial Germ Cell and Sex-Determination Genes

Simple Summary The development of primordial germ cells (PGCs) and sex determination (SD) is governed by a complex interplay of genes that can be targeted to hinder sexual development in fish. Obtaining high-quality ribonucleic acid (RNA) from Atlantic salmon embryos, especially after fertilization, can be extremely challenging due to the presence of a substantial amount of yolk. The objective of this research was to extract high-quality RNA from developing salmon embryos for use in downstream applications. The study also aimed to validate different housekeeping genes (HKGs) for a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based assessment of PGC and SD genes during developmental stages in salmon. We isolated RNA from the developing embryos, and we present the validation of HKGs as well as the mRNA expression levels of important PGC and SD genes during the fertilization to hatching stage. The findings of this study could prove beneficial for researchers seeking to extract high-quality RNA from salmonids. Moreover, the transcript results may offer insights not only into the function of transcripts at specific developmental stages but also in identifying the stage with the highest expression levels, during which treatment to disrupt the function of the transcripts and ultimately the growth of PGCs could be administered. Abstract The challenge in extracting high-quality RNA impedes the investigation of the transcriptome of developing salmonid embryos. Furthermore, the mRNA expression pattern of important PGC and SD genes during the initial embryonic development of Salmo salar is yet to be studied. So, in the present study, we aimed to isolate high-quality RNA from eggs and developing embryos to check vasa, dnd1, nanos3a, sdf1, gsdf, amh, cyp19a, dmrt1 and foxl2 expression by qPCR. Additionally, four HKGs (GAPDH, UB2L3, eEf1a and β-actin) were validated to select the best internal control for qPCR. High-quality RNA was extracted, which was confirmed by spectrophotometer, agarose gel electrophoresis and Agilent TapeStation analysis. UB2L3 was chosen as a reference gene because it exhibited lower intra- and inter-sample variation. vasa transcripts were expressed in all the developmental stages, while dnd1 was expressed only up to 40 d°C. Nanos3a was expressed in later stages and remained at its peak for a shorter period, while sdf1 showed an irregular pattern of mRNA expression. The mRNA expression levels of SD genes were observed to be upregulated during the later stages of development, prior to hatching. This study presents a straightforward methodology for isolating high-quality RNA from salmon eggs, and the resulting transcript profiles of significant PGC and SD genes in S. salar could aid in improving our comprehension of reproductive development in this commercially important species.
Hormone-Related and Drug-Induced Osteoporosis: A Cellular and Molecular Overview

Osteoporosis resulting from an imbalance of bone turnover between resorption and formation is a critical health issue worldwide. Estrogen deficiency following a nature aging process is the leading cause of hormone-related osteoporosis for postmenopausal women, while glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis remains the most common in drug-induced osteoporosis. Other medications and medical conditions related to secondary osteoporosis include proton pump inhibitors, hypogonadism, selective serotonin receptor inhibitors, chemotherapies, and medroxyprogesterone acetate. This review is a summary of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of bone turnover, the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, and their treatment. Nuclear factor-κβ ligand (RANKL) appears to be the critical uncoupling factor that enhances osteoclastogenesis. In contrast, osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a RANKL antagonist secreted by osteoblast lineage cells. Estrogen promotes apoptosis of osteoclasts and inhibits osteoclastogenesis by stimulating the production of OPG and reducing osteoclast differentiation after suppression of IL-1 and TNF, and subsequent M-CSF, RANKL, and IL-6 release. It can also activate the Wnt signaling pathway to increase osteogenesis, and upregulate BMP signaling to promote mesenchymal stem cell differentiation from pre-osteoblasts to osteoblasts rather than adipocytes. Estrogen deficiency leads to the uncoupling of bone resorption and formation; therefore, resulting in greater bone loss. Excessive glucocorticoids increase PPAR-2 production, upregulate the expression of Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) in osteoblasts, and inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway, thus decreasing osteoblast differentiation. They promote osteoclast survival by enhancing RANKL expression and inhibiting OPG expression. Appropriate estrogen supplement and avoiding excessive glucocorticoid use are deemed the primary treatment for hormone-related and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Additionally, current pharmacological treatment includes bisphosphonates, teriparatide (PTH), and RANKL inhibitors (such as denosumab). However, many detailed cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying osteoporosis seem complicated and unexplored and warrant further investigation.
Graphene Oxide/RhPTH(1-34)/Polylactide Composite Nanofibrous Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

Polylactide (PLA) is one of the most promising polymers that has been widely used for the repair of damaged tissues due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. PLA composites with multiple properties, such as mechanical properties and osteogenesis, have been widely investigated. Herein, PLA/graphene oxide (GO)/parathyroid hormone (rhPTH(1-34)) nanofiber membranes were prepared using a solution electrospinning method. The tensile strength of the PLA/GO/rhPTH(1-34) membranes was 2.64 MPa, nearly 110% higher than that of a pure PLA sample (1.26 MPa). The biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation test demonstrated that the addition of GO did not markedly affect the biocompatibility of PLA, and the alkaline phosphatase activity of PLA/GO/rhPTH(1-34) membranes was about 2.3-times that of PLA. These results imply that the PLA/GO/rhPTH(1-34) composite membrane may be a candidate material for bone tissue engineering.