Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reinforcement Learning for Two-Stage Permutation Flow Shop Scheduling—A Real-World Application in Household Appliance Production

Solving production scheduling problems is a difficult and indispensable task for manufacturers with a push-oriented planning approach. In this study, we tackle a novel production scheduling problem from a household appliance production at the company Miele & Cie. KG, namely a two-stage permutation flow shop scheduling problem (PFSSP) with a finite buffer and sequence-dependent setup efforts. The objective is to minimize idle times and setup efforts in lexicographic order. In extensive and realistic data, the identification of exact solutions is not possible due to the combinatorial complexity. Therefore, we developed a reinforcement learning (RL) approach based on the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm that integrates domain knowledge through reward shaping, action masking, and curriculum learning to solve this PFSSP. Benchmarking of our approach with a state-of-the-art genetic algorithm (GA) showed significant superiority. Our work thus provides a successful example of the applicability of RL in real-world production planning, demonstrating not only its practical utility but also showing the technical and methodological integration of the agent with a discrete event simulation (DES). We also conducted experiments to investigate the impact of individual algorithmic elements and a hyperparameter of the reward function on the overall solution.
Implementing decision support tool for low-back pain diagnosis and prediction based on the range of motions

Low-back pain (LBP) is a complex health problem requiring accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. However, the current decision support system (DSS) for LBP only considers the patient’s pain intensity and treatment suitability, which may not lead to optimal outcomes. This paper proposes a novel DSS that combines machine learning (ML) and expert input to classify LBP types and provide more reliable and personalized recommendations. We used an open-source dataset to train and test various ML models, including an ensemble model that combines multiple classifiers. We also performed data analysis and feature extraction to enhance the model’s predictive power. We developed a prototype tool to demonstrate the model’s performance and usability. Our results show that the ensemble model achieved the highest accuracy of 92.02%, followed by random forest (RF) (91.01%), multilayer perceptron (MP) (91.01%), and support vector machine (SVM) (87.88%). Our findings suggest that ML can help LBP specialists diagnose and treat LBP more effectively by learning from historical data and predicting LBP categories. Our DSS can potentially improve the quality of life for LBP patients and reduce the burden on the healthcare system.
The influence of varying maxillary central incisor vertical dimension on perceived smile aesthetics

Objective: To evaluate patient perception of the smile focused on analysis of the upper incisors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry at Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil. Participants: The sample consisted of 135 individuals (73 women and 62 men). Methods: Images with different characteristics associated with the incisal edges were shown at random and analysed using a Likert scale. Data were analysed using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Results: Smile I (difference of 1.5 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) was considered the most aesthetic, while Smile III (no difference in height between the central and lateral incisors) was the least aesthetic. A significant difference was found between perception of smile II (difference of 1 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) and age groups (P < 0.005), with 31% (n = 13) of individuals aged 45–64 years considering smile II as not pleasant, 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years and 8.3% (n=4) aged 25–44 years and 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years considering the same. A significant difference was also found in relation to educational background of the assessor and smile perception, with smile III (P = 0.0441) and smile IV (P = 0.0053) considered the most aesthetic (P = 0.0116). Conclusion: The smile considered most attractive among the sample was that with 1.5 mm steepness between the central and lateral incisors, while a flat smile arc was considered least attractive.
Antimicrobial resistance profile of Aeromonas spp. isolated from tambaqui fish (Colossoma macropomum)

The current study assesses the resistance profile of Aeromonas spp. individuals isolated from tambaqui fish (Colossoma macropomum) grown in fish farms located in São Luís Metropolitan Region - MA. In total, 114 bacterial strains belonging to species Aeromonas spp. were used in the experiment. Antimicrobial resistance profile was defined based on using the disk diffusion method and 10 antimicrobials. Isolates were classified as susceptible, susceptible upon increased exposure and resistant to the assessed principles; phenotypes showing resistance to multiple tested drugs (MDR) were classified. Bacterial strains presented widespread resistance to penicillin; as well as high oxacillin-, cefepime-, cefadroxil- and azithromycin-resistance rates. Ampicillin associated with sulbactam, neomycin and ofloxacin were the antimicrobials recording the highest sensitivity rate; high frequency of isolates (34.21%) were categorized as MDR phenotypes. Antimicrobial resistance was observed in the herein assessed Aeromonas spp. isolates, despite the lack of antimicrobials registered in Brazil to be used for C. macropomum fish farming purposes. Keywords: Aeromonadaceae, bacterial resistance, fish farming.
Polarimetric and interferometric methods to determine snow depth, SWE, and the depth of fresh snow

Microwaves interact with snow on a wide variety of effects. The specific effect of interaction depends mainly on liquid water content which determines the penetration depth. The penetration depth changes by orders of magnitude at the transition from dry snow to wet snow. Further affects appear due to roughness of the boundary layers soil-snow and snow-air and discontinuities in the snow pack. Even the microstructural anisotropy of snow affects the interaction with microwaves. Therefore, complementary methods have to be applied to access the medium snow in all it's facets. Here, I will demonstrate different polarimetric and interferometric methods, which show a sensitivity to certain properties of snow. Surface-sensitive methods apply only for wet snow, due to the very limited penetration depth, especially at high frequencies. I will demonstrate, that the height difference of two single-pass interferograms taken by TanDEM-X is equivalent to the height of accumulated snow within one winter season. In contrast to wet snow, I will demonstrate, that it is possible to derive the total snow water equivalent (SWE) of dry snow from a time series of differential interferograms. Going beyond height or SWE sensitive methods, I will demonstrate a polarimetric method, which is sensitive to the microstructure of snow. A simple model will be presented, which shows that the phase delay of the HH vs. the VV polarization is sensitive to the amount of fresh snow and to the temperature-gradient driven metamorphism of snow.
Prognostic value of postinduction medullary myeloid recovery by flow cytometry in acute myeloid leukemia

Abstract Risk stratification and treatment response evaluation are key features in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) management. Immunophenotypic and molecular approaches all rely on the detection of persisting leukemic cells by measurable residual disease techniques. A new approach is proposed here by assessing medullary myeloid maturation by flow cytometry through a myeloid progenitor ratio (MPR). The normal MPR range was defined using reference normal bone marrows (n = 48). MPR was considered balanced if between 1 and 4 and unbalanced if < 1 or > 4. MPR was retrospectively assessed at baseline and post‐induction for 206 newly diagnosed AML patients eligible for intensive treatment from two different French centers. All AML baseline MPR were unbalanced and thus significantly different from normal MPR (p < 0.0001). Patients with an unbalanced MPR after induction had worse 3‐year overall survival (OS) (44.4% vs. 80.2%, HR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.81–4.84, p < 0.0001) and 3‐year relapse free survival (RFS) (38.7% vs. 64.4%, HR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.39–3.18, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, postinduction unbalanced MPR was significantly associated with shorter OS and RFS regardless of the European LeukemiaNet 2010 risk stratification or NPM1/FLT3‐ITD status. A balanced postinduction MPR conversely conferred favorable outcomes and reflects medullary myeloid recovery.
THz Properties of He-FIB YBa2Cu3O7-x Josephson Junctions

Josephson junctions with customizable parameters, including critical current <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I$</tex-math></inline-formula><sub>c</sub> and normal state resistance <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R$</tex-math></inline-formula><sub>n</sub>, hold great promise across a wide range of applications. Notably, high-temperature superconductors like YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-x</sub> have been interesting since their discovery due to their simplified cooling requirements. YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-x</sub> Josephson junctions can operate within the terahertz (THz) frequency range, rendering them highly suitable for various applications. To maximize their suitability at these high frequencies, it is imperative to precisely determine their THz parameters. Helium focused ion beam (He-FIB) technology is a very promising fabrication method for customizable Josephson junctions. It allows precise control of the He-FIB dose during the fabrication of Josephson junctions and facilitates the fine-tuning of <italic>I</italic><sub>c</sub> and <italic>R</italic><sub>n</sub>. This study presents the fabrication process of YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-x</sub> Josephson junctions using He-FIB irradiation and explores the variations of parameters with dose, evaluating their suitability within the THz range. Also, the scattering of parameters of He-FIB Josephson junctions fabricated with the same He-FIB dose is investigated. Additionally, we examine the high-frequency properties of such junctions and scrutinize the associated Shapiro steps within the THz frequency spectrum. We observe an exponential relationship between <italic>I</italic><sub>c</sub> and the He-FIB dose. Moreover, Shapiro steps emerge under the influence of radiation spanning from 40 GHz to as high as 1.4 THz.
Rapid Appraisal on Farming Systems for Nutrition of Farmers by Using GIS through UAV Data

The conventional farming systems of Meghalaya largely aim at food security with a major focus on productivity, profitability, sustainability and stability. Nutrition security therefore has to be addressed by both availability and accessibility of nutrient-rich foods at the household level, which is central to Farming System for Nutrition (FSN). The present scientific inquiry with research objectives of to conduct rapid appraisal on food and nutritional security of farmers by using GIS through UAV data has been performed in the three adopted villages of the research project—DHaBReT at Bhoirymbong C&RD block, Ri-bhoi, Meghalaya. A Descriptive research design and Mixed-method sampling procedure were followed in the study. Fifty four (54) respondents have been identified from three villages, namely (i) Thadnongiaw, (ii) Kdonghulu, and (iii) Liarkhla from Bhoirymbong C&RDB of Ri-bhoi district of Meghalaya. Performance of Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) using UAV data could ascertained that about 38% and 73% of arable land had aspect toward North-West (very low sunshine) and situated in a steep location, wherein administration of improved scientific agriculture was a challenge. Therefore, the study recommends that agricultural research institutions and department of agriculture, state government etc. should take prime initiatives in order to incept FSN to farmers of Bhoirymbong, Ri-bhoi, Meghalaya.
A systematic review on deep learning architectures and applications

The amount of digital data in the universe is growing at an exponential rate, doubling every 2 years, and changing how we live in the world. The information storage capacity and data requirement crossed the zettabytes. With this level of bombardment of data on machine learning techniques, it becomes very difficult to carry out parallel computations. Deep learning is broadening its scope and gaining more popularity in natural language processing, feature extraction and visualization, and almost in every machine learning trend. The purpose of this study is to provide a brief review of deep learning architectures and their working. Research papers and proceedings of conferences from various authentic resources (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Wiley, Nature, and Elsevier) are studied and analyzed. Different architectures and their effectiveness to solve domain specific problems are evaluated. Various limitations and open problems of current architectures are discussed to provide better insights to help researchers and student to resume their research on these issues. One hundred one articles were reviewed for this meta‐analysis of deep learning. From this analysis, it is concluded that advanced deep learning architectures are combinations of few conventional architectures. For example, deep belief network and convolutional neural network are used to build convolutional deep belief network, which has higher capabilities than the parent architectures. These combined architectures are more robust to explore the problem space and thus can be the answer to build a general‐purpose architecture.
Composición y riqueza de odonatos en tres humedales artificiales suburbanos en Cajicá, Cundinamarca, Colombia

El paisaje de la Sabana de Bogota ha sido altamente modificado y se han creado humedales artificiales con diferentes propositos, pero poco se sabe sobre su biodiversidad. Objetivo : Comparar la composicion y riqueza especifica de odonatos en tres humedales artificiales en el campus de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada en Cajica, Cundinamarca, Colombia. Metodologia : Se capturaron adultos con redes entomologicas durante marzo y abril de 2015, en un humedal cerca de la ronda del rio Bogota, uno tem poral rodeado por pastizales y uno rodeado por edificios y pastos con el fondo cubierto por geomembrana. Resultados : Se recolectaron 817 individuos pertenecientes a las siguientes especies: Rhionaeschna marchali (Aeshnidae), Enallagma civile (Coenagrionidae) , Ischnura cruzi (Coenagrionidae) , Ischnura sp. , Mesamphiagrion laterale (Coenagrionidae) y Erythrodiplax fusca (Libellulidae). El humedal de ronda de rio y el humedal temporal compartieron cuatro especies y presentaron mayor similitud entre ellos que con el humedal con geomembrana. Hubo una asociacion entre la frecuencia de especies de Odonata y cada uno de los humedales; una especie fue exclusiva del humedal de ronda de rio ( R. marchali ) y otra fue exclusiva del humedal temporal ( Ischnura sp.). No hubo diferencias entre la riqueza total estimada entre el humedal de ronda y el temporal, y ambos tuvieron una riqueza mayor que el humedal con geomembrana. Conclusion : Los resultados sugieren que las diferencias entre los humedales afectan la composicion, frecuencia y riqueza de odonatos. Incrementar la abundancia y diversidad de macro tas en los humedales muy posiblemente ayudaria a mantener la diversidad de odonatas del campus.
Energy Conservation for Mobile Cellular Systems Through Site Optimization: Base Transceivers Station Optimization

Mobile communication systems have cemented their position as a vital and practical tool for communication that supports productive corporate operations. The energy use of wireless access networks has grown to be a significant economic and environmental problem, the potential for utilizing the conserved energy was highlighted along with techniques that may boost energy efficiency in this paper's investigation of the energy consumption of base transceivers stations (BTS). Analysis of the data reveals that by optimizing 60 BTSs, the energy consumption decreases by 36.83% with 127.4MWh of monthly reserve. This is equivalent to powering 35 additional BTSs with a demand of 3.64224MWh or 69 homes for a daily power supply of 10 hours with a demand of 1.8452MWh and 440 homes with a total demand of 289.8KWh.
Cardiovascular Events According to Inhaler Therapy and Comorbidities in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Background COPD coexists with many concurrent comorbidities. Cardiovascular complications are deemed to be major causes of death in COPD. Although inhaler therapy is the main therapeutic intervention in COPD, cardiovascular events accompanying inhaler therapy require further investigation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate new development of cardiovascular events according to each inhaler therapy and comorbidities. Methods This study analyzed COPD patients (age ≥ 40 years, N = 199,772) from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) database in Korea. The development of cardiovascular events, from the index date to December 31, 2020, was investigated. The cohort was eventually divided into three arms: the LAMA/LABA group (N = 28,322), the ICS/LABA group (N = 11,812), and the triple group (LAMA/ICS/LABA therapy, N = 6174). Results Multivariable Cox analyses demonstrated that, compared to ICS/LABA therapy, triple therapy was independently associated with the development of ischemic heart disease (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.04–1.43), heart failure (HR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.14–1.84), arrhythmia (HR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.41–2.09), and atrial fibrillation/flutter (HR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.64–3.25), whereas the LAMA/LABA therapy did not show a significant association. Furthermore, emergency room visit during covariate assessment window was independently associated with the development of ischemic heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmia, and atrial fibrillation/flutter (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our data suggest that cardiovascular risk should be considered in COPD patients receiving triple therapy, despite the confounding bias resulting from disparities in each group.
Movement Disorders Induced by Neurotoxins

Parkinson’s disease (PD), first described by James Parkinson, remains the most prevalent neurological movement disorder in aging populations. This debilitating condition is characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta. Despite its discovery over two centuries ago, the etiology of PD remains elusive. To gain deeper insights into the underlying pathology, disease progression mechanisms, and potential therapeutic targets for symptom amelioration, animal models have emerged as invaluable tools. Among these, neurotoxins such as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) are extensively utilized to induce acute PD models in mice and rats, respectively. This review comprehensively explores the contributions of these neurotoxin-induced models toward enhancing our understanding of PD pathogenesis and advancing therapeutic interventions. Additionally, it highlights key findings and promising avenues for future research in this critical area of movement disorders.
The status of clinical trials regarding root canal sealers

Objectives This study aimed to present the results and analyses of clinical trials, including updates on the different functions of root canal sealers. Materials and Methods In June 2023, we performed a comprehensive search of ClinicalTrials.gov to identify interventional clinical trials pertaining to root canal sealers. In total, 23 clinical trials conducted up to June 2023 were included in this study. Results Approximately half of the trials (11 out of 23) were completed, while none were terminated or withdrawn. Each included trial had a minimum of 10 participants, with 11 trials having more than 100 participants. None of the assessed trials provided outcomes, and the majority (17 out of 23) lacked associated publications. In terms of geographic distribution, the USA and Canada did not contribute to any root canal sealer trials. Conclusions This study highlights the lack of diversity in trial locations, the absence of reported results, and a scarcity of clinical trials examining the physicochemical properties of different sealers. Most published trials primarily focused on assessing the post-operative pain effect of these sealers, but no significant difference was found regarding post-operative pain control.
Hip arthrogram parameters predict radiographic outcomes of patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip treated by closed reduction

Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between intraoperative hip arthrogram parameters and residual acetabular dysplasia (RAD) and avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVN) in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) treated by closed reduction. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 102 patients (110 hips; mean age, 14.6 months ± 4.7 months) with DDH treated by closed reduction. A hip arthrogram was routinely performed during the operation. The femoral head coverage rate (FHC), medial pool distance of the hip (MPD), labral inversion, and reduction quality classification were evaluated under the hip arthrogram. The presence of RAD and AVN was assessed on radiographs at the last follow-up. The relationship between each arthrogram parameter and RAD as well as AVN was investigated using a t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression. Results The overall FHC and medial pool distance of the hip (MDP) averaged 42.2% ± 12% and 8.1% ± 11.7%, respectively. There were 80 hips (72.7%) with labral inversion and 30 hips (27.2%) without. The reduction quality was type A in 57 hips (51.8%), type B in 28 hips (25.4%), and type C in 25 hips (22.7%). A total of 32 hips (29%) were in the RAD group, and 78 hips (71%) were in the recovered group according to whether pelvic osteotomy was performed or not and according to the last Severin grade. The FHC was significantly higher in the recovered group than that in the RAD group (P = 0.014). No significant difference was observed in sex, age at reduction, side, preoperative acetabular index, International Hip Dysplasia Institute classification, follow-up time, quality of reduction, MDP, and proportion of labral inversion between the recovered and RAD groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that only the FHC was a risk factor for RAD. The incidence of AVN above type II was 11.8% in this group of patients, and the incidence of AVN was significantly higher in patients with labral inversion (23.2%) than that in those without (7.5%; P = 0.041). Logistic regression analysis showed that labral inversion was a risk factor for AVN. Conclusion The FHC measured under arthrogram can predict the occurrence of RAD after closed reduction of DDH, whereas MDP, reduction quality classification, and labral inversion are of little significance. Labral inversion is a risk factor for AVN.