Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Whole Thing is a ( Now ) Number

All of the traditional sciences of our day are founded on analytic arithmetic, a relatively recent development. The ancient Greeks practiced a synthetic kind of arithmetic. Instead of scalar magnitudes, they resorted to geometric line segments. The product of line segments could be a rectangular area, or a volume, for example. Theirs was a geometric arithmetic. In this paper, based on previous work, we report a new kind of science using non-ordered synthetic number. We call them Now numbers. The number system is binary with the two elementary parts corresponding to the ancient ontological gender construct. It turns out that there are four elementary Now numbers corresponding to the binary genders fm, ff, fm, and mm, reminiscent of the implicit gendering of the four classical elements. We show how these four Now numbers can be interpreted as providing the geometric semantics of the four letters of the genetic code. We can also show how Now numbers exhibit spacetime like and quantum mechanics like semantics. The synthetic role of Now numbers is to construct organisms capable of attaining and maintaining a coherent individual Nowness. Thus, as the Pythagoreans declared, perhaps you and even the whole thing are composite Now numbers. of view will display instances of these four types. Examples range from the totally generic gender to Aristotelean and Stoic logic, complex numbers, spacetime geometry and even the four forces of physics. The four types are not abstract generalisations of something but generic universals of anything (any organism satisfying First Classness). The row for the four fundamental forces in physics has been added at the last moment as an ambit claim.
How does advertisement spending aﬀect business performance of both islamic and conventional banks?

The study aims at exploring the influence of the advertising on performance of the banks operating in Malaysia and if there is any difference in such relation by the type of banks such as, Islamic or Conventional. An ARDL analysis has been done on two Banks in Malaysia to find out whether there is any relationship between banks performance and marketing expenditure of Islamic Bank and Conventional bank. The informative view of advertising suggests that advertising has a pro-competitive role. Comanor and Wilson (1967, 1974) provide alternative tests of the informative view by regressing profitability on advertising intensity and other variables and posits that advertising causes profitability. Using the annual data of the bank enlisted in the Bursa Malaysia, this study takes an ARDL approach to test Comanor-Wilson hypothesis in reduced form. The findings tend to indicate that the performance of Public Islamic Bank standing as a proxy for Islamic bank in Malaysia, in the long-run and in the short run is not impacted by its marketing intensity. Further study should be done, on what basis is the bank still spending its advertising budget (Marketing)? This contradicts Comanor and Wilson ’s informative view that the advertising intensity and other variables cause profitability.
Quantum searching a classical database (or how we learned to stop worrying and love the bomb)

We show how to perform a quantum search for a classical object, specifically for a classical object which performs no coherent evolution on the quantum computer being used for the search. We do so by using interaction free measurement as a subroutine in a quantum search algorithm. In addition to providing a simple example of how non-unitary processes which approximate unitary ones can be useful in a quantum algorithm, our procedure requires only one photon regardless of the size of the database, thereby establishing an upper bound on the amount of energy required to search an arbitrarily large database. Alternatively, our result can be interpreted as showing how to perform an interaction free measurement with a single photon on an arbitrarily large number of possible bomb positions simultaneously. We also provide a simple example demonstrating that in terms of the number of database queries, the procedure outlined here can outperform the best classical one.
KINEMATICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE S140/L1204 MOLECULAR COMPLEX

The HII region S140 and the associated molecular cloud L1204 have been observed with 10 molecular transitions, CO (1-0), (1-0), (1-0), CS (2-1), (1-0), HCN (1-0), SO (), , OCS (8-7), and with angular resolutions. More than 7,000 spectra were obtained in total. The morphology of this region shows a massive fragment (the S140 core) and the extended envelope to the northeast. Several gas condensations have been identified in the envelope, having masses of and gas number densities of to in their cores. The column densities of the observed molecular species toward the S140 core appear to be the typical warm clouds' abundances. It seems to be that the S140 core and L1204 have been swept up by an expanding shell called the Cepheus bubble. The large value of (embedded\;stars)// of the S140 core may suggest that the star formation has been stimulated by the HII region, but the shock velocity and the pressure of the region seem to give a hint of the spontaneous star formation by the self gravity.
Increasing Entity Linking upper bound through a more effective Candidate Generation System

Entity Linking (EL) aligns entity mentions in 001 text to entries in a knowledge base. It usually 002 comprises of two phases: candidate generation 003 and candidate ranking. While most methods 004 focus on the latter phase, it is candidate gener-005 ation that sets the upper bound for both time 006 and accuracy of an EL system. We propose a 007 simple approach for improving candidate gener-008 ation by efficiently embedding mention-entity 009 pairs in dense space through a BERT-based 010 bi-encoder. Specifically, we introduce a new 011 pooling function and incorporate entity type 012 side-information. We achieve a new state-of-013 the-art 84.28% recall of the gold entity in the 014 Zero-shot EL dataset with just 50 candidates, 015 compared to the previous 82.06% with 64 can-016 didates. We report the results from extensive 017 experimentation using our proposed model on 018 both seen and unseen entity datasets. Our re-019 sults suggest that our approach could be a use-020 ful complement to existing EL methods. 021
Contemporaneous Chandra HETG and Suzaku X-ray Observations of NGC 4051

We present the results of a deep 300 ks Chandra HETG observation of the highly variable narrow-line Seyfert Type 1 galaxy NGC 4051. The HETG spectrum reveals 28 significant soft X-ray ionised lines in either emission or absorption; primarily originating from H-like and Helike K-shell transitions of O, Ne, Mg and Si (including higher order lines and strong forbidden emission lines from O VII and Ne IX) plus high ionisation L-shell transitions from Fe XVII to Fe XXII and lower ionisation inner-shell lines (e.g. O VI). Modelling the data with XSTAR requires four distinct ionisation zones for the gas, all outflo wing with velocities <1 000 km s 1 . A selection of the strongest emission/absorption lines app ear to be resolved with FWHM of �600 km s 1 . We also present the results from a quasi-simultaneous 350 ks Suzaku observation of NGC 4051 where the XIS spectrum reveals strong evidence for blueshifted absorption lines at �6.8 and �7.1 keV, consistent with previous findings. Modelling with XSTAR suggests that this is the signature of a highly ionised, high vel ocity outflow (log � = 4.1 +0.2 0.1 ; vout � 0.02c) which potentially may have a significant effect on the host g alaxy environment via feedback. Finally, we also simultaneously model the broad-band 2008 XIS+HXD Suzaku data with archival Suzaku data from 2005 when the source was observed to have entered an extended period of low flux in an attempt to analyse the cause of the long-term spectral variability. We find that we can account for this by a llowing for large variations in the normalisation of the intrinsic power-law component which may be interpreted as being due to significant changes in the covering fraction of a Compton-th ick partial-coverer obscuring the central continuum emission.
A Semi-Autoregressive Graph Generative Model for Dependency Parsing

Recent years have witnessed impressive 001 progress in Neural Dependency Parsing. Ac-002 cording to the different factorization ap-003 proaches to the graph joint probabilities, ex-004 isting parsers can be roughly divided into au-005 toregressive and non-autoregressive patterns. 006 The former means that the graph should be fac-007 torized into multiple sequentially dependent 008 components, then it can be built up compo-009 nent by component. And the latter assumes 010 these components to be independent so that 011 they can be outputted at once. However, when 012 treating the directed edge in the dependency 013 graph as an explicit dependency, we discover 014 that there is a mixture of independent and in-015 terdependent components in the dependency 016 graph, signifying that both fail to precisely cap-017 ture the explicit dependencies among nodes 018 and edges. Based on this property, we design 019 a Semi-Autoregressive Dependency Parser to 020 generate dependency graphs via adding node 021 groups and edge groups autoregressively while 022 pouring out all group elements in parallel. The 023 model meanwhile deals with two problems in 024 graph generation with respect to the uncertainty 025 of generation orders and edge sparsity, via in-026 troducing a novel concept of Topological Hier-027 archy and a Graph Transformer as the decoder. 028 The experiments show the proposed parser out-029 performs strong baselines on Enhanced Uni-030 versal Dependencies of 14 languages. Also, 031 the performances of model variations show the 032 importance of specific parts. 033
Renormalizable Non-Metric Quantum Gravity?

We argue that four-dimensional quantum gravity may be essentially renormalizable if one relaxes the assumption of metricity of the theory. We work with Plebanski formulation of general relativity in which the metric (tetrad), the connection, and the curvature are all independent variables and the usual relations among these quantities are valid only on-shell. One of the Euler-Lagrange equations of this theory ensures its metricity. We show that quantum corrected action contains a counterterm that destroys this metricity property, and that no other counterterms appear, at least, at the one-loop level. The new term in the action is akin to a curvature-dependent cosmological ``constant''.
Fine-grained Access Control in Distributed Cloud Environment using Trust Valuation Model

—Cloud computing has been in existence as an adaptable technology that gets integrated with IoT, Big-Data, and WSN to provide reliable, scalable and mesh-free services. However, because of its openness in nature, the privacy of the cloud is an important parameter for today’s research. The most important privacy factor in cloud is access control and user trust. Many articles related to access control and trust management were presented, but most of them include highly complex algorithms that result in network overhead. This proposed security framework is for a better and more effective system wherein multiple distributed centers are created with trust-based computing for authentication and validation of requests from users and their resources. The idea of trust here is for efficient decision-making and establishing reliable relationships among users and resources using least computations. Each user has different permissions for each file present in the cloud server. The simulated results shows improvement in the rate of successful transactions, time cost and network overhead.
Purely electronic terahertz polarization in dimer Mott insulators

We theoretically describe purely electronic polarization modes in terahertz frequency region in dimer Mott insulators $\ensuremath{\kappa}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{(\text{BEDT-TTF})}_{2}\text{X}$. The unusual low-frequency modes arise from the coupling between the oscillation of intradimer electric dipole moments and that of alternating interdimer bond orders. These collective modes play an important role in the dynamical dielectric properties of the dimer Mott insulators. Near the phase boundary of the dimer Mott transition, the ferroelectric ground state is realized by introducing electron-lattice coupling as a result of the softening of one of these collective modes.
Phonon-induced dynamic resonance energy transfer

In a network of interacting quantum systems, achieving fast coherent energy transfer is a challenging task. While quantum systems are susceptible to a wide range of environmental factors, in many physical settings their interactions with quantized vibrations, or phonons, of a supporting structure are the most prevalent. This leads to noise and decoherence in the network, ultimately impacting the energy-transfer process. In this work, we introduce a novel type of coherent energy-transfer mechanism for quantum systems, where phonon interactions are able to actually enhance the energy transfer. Here, a shared phonon interacts with the systems and dynamically adjusts their resonances, providing remarkable directionality combined with quantum speed-up. We call this mechanism phonon-induced dynamic resonance energy transfer and show that it enables long-range coherent energy transport even in highly disordered systems.
THE γ-RAY SPECTRUM OF GEMINGA AND THE INVERSE COMPTON MODEL OF PULSAR HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION

We reanalyze the Fermi spectra of the Geminga and Vela pulsars. We find that the spectrum of Geminga above the break is well approximated by a simple power law without the exponential cutoff, making Geminga's spectrum similar to that of Crab. Vela's broadband γ-ray spectrum is equally well fit with both the exponential cutoff and the double power-law shapes. In the broadband double power-law fits, for a typical Fermi spectrum of a bright γ-ray pulsar, most of the errors accumulate due to the arbitrary parameterization of the spectral roll-off. In addition, a power law with an exponential cutoff gives an acceptable fit for the underlying double power-law spectrum for a very broad range of parameters, making such fitting procedures insensitive to the underlying Fermi photon spectrum. Our results have important implications for the mechanism of pulsar high-energy emission. A number of observed properties of γ-ray pulsars—i.e., the broken power-law spectra without exponential cutoffs and stretching in the case of Crab beyond the maximal curvature limit, spectral breaks close to or exceeding the maximal breaks due to curvature emission, patterns of the relative intensities of the leading and trailing pulses in the Crab repeated in the X-ray and γ-ray regions, presence of profile peaks at lower energies aligned with γ-ray peaks—all point to the inverse Compton origin of the high-energy emission from majority of pulsars.
A tale of two cones: the Higgs Branch of Sp(n) theories with 2n flavours

The purpose of this short note is to highlight a particular phenomenon which concerns the Higgs branch of a certain family of 4d N = 2 theories with SO(2N) flavour symmetry. By studying the Higgs branch as an algebraic variety through Hilbert series techniques we find that it is not a single hyperkahler cone but rather the union of two cones with intersection a hyperkahler subvariety which we specify. This remarkable phenomenon is not only interesting per se but plays a crucial role in understanding the structure of all Higgs branches that are generated by mesons.
Impact of Human Capital on Poverty Reduction in Pakistan

This paper determines the impact of various health indicators on poverty reduction in Pakistan. Health indicators affect the Poverty through increasing Labor productivity and through improving Education. GNP per capita is a proxy variable for poverty reduction. Life Expectancy, infant mortality rate, total health Expenditures, and Population per doctor are explanatory variables in Model 1. The study has regressed these health indicators on Education in Model 2. To determine the Short-run and long run relationship among the variables the research applied the Co-integration (ARDL) and Error Correction Model. The study uses the Augmented- Dickey-Fuller test to check the unit root. The study has analyzed the time series data of Pakistan from 1985 to 2021.The research finds that health indicators like: Life expectancy and Infant mortality increase the GDP per Capita in the long run. The health indicators also have positive effects on education and as a result, Education increases the GDP per capita in the short- run and long run. The research concludes that improvement in human capital leads to decrease the poverty and to improve the health and education sectors of the society. The major policy implication of this study is that to decrease poverty and look for a healthy and educated society, then the government should urgently and seriously focus on the health sector of Pakistan.
Observables in Strongly Coupled Anisotropic Theories

We review certain anisotropic gauge/gravity dualities, focusing more on a theory with space dependent axion term. Then we discuss and also present some new results for several observables: the static potential and force, the imaginary part of the static potential, the quark dipole in the plasma wind, the drag force and diffusion time, the jet quenching of heavy and light quarks, the energy loss of rotating quarks, the photon production and finally the violation of the holographic viscosity over entropy bound. The corresponding weakly coupled results are also discussed. Finally we investigate the bounds of the parameters of the current strongly coupled anisotropic theories attempting to match them with the observed quark-gluon plasma and report the problems appear.
The chemical evolution of manganese in different stellar systems

Aims. We model the chemical evolution of manganese relative to iron in three different stellar systems: the Solar neighbourhood, the Galactic bulge, and the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy, and we compare our results with recent and homogeneous observational data sets. Methods. We adopt three chemical evolution models able to reproduce the main properties of the Solar vicinity, the Galactic bulge, and the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal. We then compare different stellar yields in order to identify the most appropriate set to match the observational data in these systems. Results. We compute the evolution of manganese in the three systems and find that to reproduce simultaneously the measurements of [Mn/Fe] versus [Fe/H] in the Galactic bulge, the Solar neighbourhood and Sagittarius, the type Ia supernova (SN) Mn yield must be metallicity-dependent. Conclusions. We conclude that modelling different histories of star formation in the three systems are insufficient to reproduce the different behaviour of the [Mn/Fe] ratio, unlike the situation for [α/Fe]; rather, it is necessary to invoke metallicity-dependent type Ia SN Mn yields, as originally suggested by McWilliam, Rich & Smecker-Hane.
The Physics of Q-balls

In this thesis we investigate the stationary properties and formation process of a class of nontopological solitons, namely Q-balls. We explore both the quantum-mechanical and classical stability of Q-balls that appear in polynomial, gravity-mediated and gauge-mediated potentials. By presenting our detailed analytic and numerical results, we show that absolutely stable non-thermal Q-balls may exist in any kinds of the above potentials. The latter two types of potentials are motivated by Affleck-Dine baryogenesis, which is one of the best candidate theories to solve the present baryon asymmetry. By including quantum corrections in the scalar potentials, a naturally formed condensate in a post-inflationary era can be classically unstable and fragment into Q-balls that can be long-lived or decay into the usual baryons/leptons as well as the lightest supersymmeric particles. This scenario naturally provides the baryon asymmetry and the similarity of the energy density between baryons and dark matter in the Universe. Introducing detailed lattice simulations, we argue that the formation, thermalisation and stability of these Q-balls depend on the properties of models involved with supersymmetry breaking.
A needlet ILC analysis of WMAP 9-year polarization data: CMB polarization power spectra

We estimate Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarisation power spectra, and temperature-polarisation cross-spectra, from the 9-year data of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP). Foreground cleaning is implemented using minimum variance linear combinations of the coefficients of needlet decompositions of sky maps for all WMAP channels, to produce maps for CMB temperature anisotropies (T-mode) and polarisation (E-mode and B-mode), for 9 different years of observation. The final power spectra are computed from averages of all possible cross-year power spectra obtained using foreground-cleaned maps for the different years. Our analysis technique yields a measurement of the EE spectrum that is in excellent agreement with theoretical expectations from the current cosmological model. By comparison, the publicly available WMAP EE power spectrum is higher on average (and significantly higher than the predicted EE spectrum from the current best fit) at scales larger than about a degree, an excess that is not confirmed by our analysis.
Chaos for Engineers: Theory, Applications, and Control

1. Response of a Nonlinear System. - Problems. - 2. Continuous Dynamical Systems. - 2.1 Phase Space and Attractors. - 2.2 Fixed Points and Linearisation. - 2.3 Relation Between Nonlinear and Linear Systems. - 2.4 Poincare Map. - 2.5 Lyapunov Exponents and Chaos. - 2.6 Spectral Analysis. - 2.7 Description of Different Attractors. - 2.8 Reconstruction of Attractor from Time Series. - Problems. - 3. Discrete Dynamical Systems. - 3.1 Introductory Example. - 3.2 One-Dimensional Maps. - 3.3 Bifurcations of One-Dimensional Maps. - 3.4 One-Dimensional Maps and Higher-Dimensional Systems. - Problems. - 4. Fractals. - 4.1 The Cantor Set. - 4.2 Fractal Dimensions. - 4.3 Fractal Sets. - 4.4 Smale Horseshoe. - 4.5 Fractal Basin Boundaries. - Problems. - 5. Routes to Chaos. - 5.1 Period-Doubling. - 5.2 Quasiperiodic Route. - 5.3 Intermittency. - 5.4 Duffing's Oscillator: Discrete Dynamics Approach. - 5.5 Condition for Chaos by Period Doubling Route. - Problems. - 6. Applications. - 6.1 Chaos in Systems with Dry Friction. - 6.2 Chaos in Chemical Reactions. - 6.3 Elastica and Spatial Chaos. - 6.4 Electronic Circuits and Chaos. - 6.5 Chaos in Model of El Nino Events. - 7. Controlling Chaos. - 7.1 Controlling Methods. - 7.1. 1 Control Through Feedback. - 7.1. 2 Control by System Design. - 7.1. 3 Selection of Controlling Method. - 7.2 Synchronisation of Chaos. - 7.2.1 Pecora and Carroll's Approach. - 7.2.2 Synchronisation by Continuous Control. - 7.3 Secure Communication. - 7.4 Estimation of the Largest Lyapunov Exponent Using Chaos Synchronisation. - References.