Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Mindful Self-Compassion Training Supported by Online Peer Groups in China: A Pilot Study.

Context Self-compassion training involves the cultivation of feelings of warmth and safety, presence, and interconnectedness. Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) training in a group setting has been found to increase self-compassion, mindfulness, and emotional well-being. Objective The current study intended to examine the outcomes of live, online, videoconference-based MSC training with online peer-support for nonclinical populations in different cities in China. Design The research team designed a pre-post pilot study. Setting The study took place at Renmin University in Beijing, China. Participants Participants were 253 Chinese individuals who were recruited from different regions in China through online advertisements. Intervention Participants took part in online MSC training in a two-hour, group class each week for eight weeks and received support from online peer groups and through a half-day in-person retreat. Outcome Measures Self-report outcomes were obtained at baseline and postintervention, using the Self Compassion Scale (SCS) and the Compassion for Others Scale (CS) for primary outcomes, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Fear of Compassion Scale (FOCS), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), and the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale (CAMS-R), for secondary outcomes. A fixed effects model was used to test for within-group changes in the scales. Results The online MSC program yielded a high retention rate. Of the 206 first-time participants, 179 (86.9%) attended six or more of the eight MSC sessions, and 183 (88.8%) completed the assessments at both baseline and postintervention. Of the 183 retained participants, 97.8% were female, with an average age of 37.8 ± 7.9; 94% had college or higher education. For all scales, the within-person changes occurred in the expected direction; positive attributes and experiences increased, while negative attributes and experiences decreased. Conclusions The study showed that first-time participants in China in an online MSC training that was supported by online peer groups had high attendance rates, high assessment completion, and favorable results. These preliminary outcomes suggest that future studies with more rigorous designs are warranted to further investigate online training with peer support as an effective and efficient approach to disseminate MSC training in China.
Cognitive and Central Vestibular Functions Correlate in People With Multiple Sclerosis

Background. Cognitive impairment is common, but poorly managed in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Balance has been correlated with cognition in people with MS, potentially through shared utilization of central sensory integration pathways. Objective. This study characterized the relationship between central vestibular integration and cognition in people with MS through measurement of several clinical vestibular functions requiring central sensory integration and multiple cognitive domains. Methods. Forty people with MS and 20 controls completed a battery of vestibular and cognitive examinations targeting different central vestibular integration measures and different domains of cognition, respectively. Performance on these measures was compared between people with MS and controls, and then correlational analyses were undertaken between the vestibular and cognitive measures in the MS sample. Results. People with MS performed worse than controls on all vestibular and cognitive measures. There were consistent correlations between vestibular and cognitive measures in the MS sample. Factor analysis of vestibular functions yielded a single factor hypothesized to represent central vestibular integration that demonstrated a significant relationship with a composite cognitive measure in people with MS. Discussion. Our results suggest that vestibular and cognitive dysfunction may both arise from central sensory processing pathways in people with MS. This connection could be targeted through vestibular rehabilitation techniques that improve central sensory processing and both balance and cognition in people with MS.
Characterizing Substance Use Disorders Among Transgender Adults Receiving Care at a Large Urban Safety Net Hospital

Objectives In the midst of the opioid crisis, increasing attention has been given to assessing and addressing substance use disorders (SUDs) among transgender and gender diverse (TGD) populations. As electronic health records begin to more uniformly collect gender identity data, clinicians and public health professionals are better able to examine the prevalence of SUDs and the receipt of SUD treatment services in these populations. Methods We utilized cross-sectional electronic health records data from January 2005 to December 2019 from a large safety-net hospital in Massachusetts. A cohort of TGD patients was identified using self-reported gender identity data as well as diagnostic and procedures codes associated with receipt of gender-affirming care (n = 2000). We calculated odds of SUD diagnosis and receipt of medications for SUD among TGD patients. Results Among a cohort of 2000 TGD patients, 8.8% had a SUD diagnosis. SUD diagnoses were more common among older, Black, and transmasculine patients, as well as those holding public health insurance. SUD diagnoses were less likely among those reporting college-level education. Of those with an opioid use disorder (OUD), 46% were prescribed an FDA-approved medication for OUD. Conclusions SUD diagnoses among TGD patients were associated with demographic, socioeconomic, and gender-related factors. We found a modestly lower prevalence of non-tobacco SUD among our cohort of TGD patients than the national average of 7.4%. Despite a relatively better receipt of prescription treatment services than the national average, the low rate of treatment overall represents a missed opportunity to address SUDs in these vulnerable populations.
Time Trends in Physical Activity Using Wearable Devices: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Studies from 1995 to 2017

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. ABSTRACT Introduction Conflicting evidence exists on whether physical activity (PA) levels of humans have changed over the last quarter-century. The main objective of this study was to determine if there is evidence of time trends in PA, from cross-sectional studies that assessed PA at different time points using wearable devices (e.g., pedometers and accelerometers). A secondary objective was to quantify the rate of change in PA. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted of English-language studies indexed in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science (1960–2020) using search terms (time OR temporal OR secular) AND trends AND (steps per day OR pedometer OR accelerometer OR MVPA). Subsequently, a meta-analytic approach was used to aggregate data from multiple studies and to examine specific factors (i.e., sex, age-group, sex and age-group, and PA metric). Results Based on 16 peer-reviewed scientific studies conducted between 1995 and 2017, levels of ambulatory PA are trending downward in developed countries. Significant declines were seen in both males and females (P < 0.001) as well as in children (P = 0.020), adolescents (P < 0.001), and adults (P = 0.004). The average study duration was 9.4 yr (accelerometer studies, 5.3 yr; pedometer studies, 10.8 yr). For studies that assessed steps, the average change in PA was −1118 steps per day over the course of the study (P < 0.001), and adolescents had the greatest change in PA at −2278 steps per day (P < 0.001). Adolescents also had the steepest rate of change over time, expressed in steps per day per decade. Conclusions Evidence from studies conducted in eight developed nations over a 22-yr period indicates that PA levels have declined overall, especially in adolescents. This study emphasizes the need for continued research tracking time trends in PA using wearable devices.
Human Musculoskeletal and Energetic Adaptations to Unilateral Robotic Knee Gait Assistance

Objective: This paper aims to analyse the human musculoskeletal and energetic adaptation mechanisms when physically interacting with a unilateral knee orthosis during treadmill walking. Methods: Test subjects participated in two walking trials, whereby the orthosis was controlled to deliver five predefined torque profiles of different duration (as % of a gait cycle). The adaptations to assistive torques of different duration were analysed in terms of gait parameters, metabolic effort, and muscle activity. Results: Orthotic assistance’s kinematic effects remain local to the assisted leg and joint, unlike the muscles spanning the knee joint, which engage in a balancing-out action to retain stability. Duration of assistive torque significantly affects only the timing of the knee joint’s peak flexion angle in the stance phase, while the observed joint kinematics and muscle activity demonstrate different recovery times upon changing robotic support (washout effects). Conclusion: Human body adaptations to external robotic knee joint assistance during walking take place on multiple levels and to a different extent in a joint effort to keep the gait stable. Significance: This paper provides important insights into the human body’s multiple adaptation mechanisms in the presence of external robotic assistance.
Reconstruction of Large Acquired Palatal Defects Using Facial-Submental Artery Island Flap

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and clinical effect of facial-submental artery island flap (FSAIF) in the repair of palatal defects, and to provide reference for the clinical application of submental artery island flap. Methods: Nine patients with palatal defects, the range of nasal palatal perforation defects were 3 cm × 4cm to 3 cm × 6 cm (median 3 cm × 5.4 cm), were repaired by FSAIF, and the sizes of FSAIF were 4 cm × 9cm to 4 cm × 12 cm (median 4 cm × 10.4 cm,). Postoperative clinical efficacy was evaluated, including infection and necrosis of mucosal flap and postoperative palatal fistula perforation. Patients were followed up to evaluate their chewing, swallowing, speech function, and satisfaction of appearance. Results: All patients were successfully repaired with FSAIF. Followed up 13∼35 months, there was no palatal fistula perforation in all patients. The speech, agitation, and swallowing function were not affected and the patients were satisfied with the appearance. Conclusion: FSAIF is a safe and reliable method for palatal defect repair.
Recurrent febrile seizures alter intrahippocampal temporal coordination but do not cause spatial learning impairments

Febrile seizures (FSs) are the most common form of seizures in children. Single short FSs are benign, but FSs lasting longer than 30 min, termed febrile status epilepticus, may result in neurological sequelae. However, there is little information about an intermediary condition, brief recurrent FSs (RFSs). The goal of this study was to determine the role of RFSs on spatial learning and memory and the properties of spontaneous hippocampal signals.
Specializing generic Java data structures

The Collections framework is an essential utility in virtually every Java application. It offers a set of fundamental data structures that exploit Java Generics and the Object type in order to enable a high degree of reusability. Upon instantiation, Collections are parametrized by the type they are meant to store. However, at compile-time, due to type erasure, this type gets replaced by Object, forcing the data structures to manipulate references of type Object (the root of the Java type system). In the bytecode, the compiler transparently adds type checking instructions to ensure type safety, and generates bridge methods to enable the polymorphic behavior of parametrized classes. This approach can introduce non-trivial runtime overheads when applications extensively manipulate Collections. We propose the Java Collections Specializer (JCS), a tool we have developed to deliver truly specialized Collections. JCS can generate ArrayLists, ConcurrentHashMaps and HashMaps with true type specialization that incur no performance penalties due to bridge methods or type checking instructions. JCS offers the possibility to easily extend its use to other Collection data structures. Since the specialized data structures extend and inherit from the generic counterpart's superclasses and interfaces, the specialized versions can be used in most places where generic versions are employed. The programmer uses JCS to generate specializations ahead of time. These are generated under the java.util package, and need only be added to the class path and integrated into the application logic. We show that the specialized data structures can improve the runtime performance of data intensive workloads by up to 14% for read use-cases and 42% for write use-cases.
Pleura and Peritoneum

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common condition that presents with progressive breathlessness. Long term solutions are often required due to recurrence of effusion after simple drainage. Pleurodesis is one of the main options resorted to for long term control of MPE. There is data to suggest there may be a survival benefit for patients with MPE who achieve successful pleurodesis. A systematic review was carried out to explore this correlation and results suggest that there could be a survival difference according to pleurodesis outcome in patients with MPE. Fifteen studies (reported in 13 papers) were included; 13 (86.6%) of the studies showed survival difference in favour of pleurodesis success. The median [interquartile range] difference in survival between the two groups among the different studieswas five [3.5–5.8]months.Most of the included studies suffered moderate to severe risk of bias and, thus, large prospective studies of patients undergoing pleurodesis are required to ascertain this effect.
Evaluation of Optimum Mud Weight Window for Prevention of Wellbore Instability in Niger Delta Wells

A Borehole instability problem contributes significantly to increase in non-productive time (NPT) and overall cost of the drilling. These problems can occur in a variety of forms including stuck pipe, loss circulation, hole enlargement, breakout. Borehole problems such as drill pipe sticking, hole collapse, breakout, ,caving and tight holes have been experienced during drilling of wells in an oil field in the Niger Delta. This work analyzed the major cause of wellbore instability in a field in the Niger Delta by using data from two wells drilled and proposes an optimum mud window for cost-effective and safe drilling operations. Geomechanical model was used to evaluate the in-situ stress and induced stresses with Mogi Coulomb and Mohr Coulomb failure criteria to predict the breakout profile and estimate the optimum mud weight to avoid sticking of the drill string. The result shows that the Mogi failure criterion was 1.46sg and 1.39sg while Mohr failure criteria were 1.48sg and 1.42sg for well 1 and well 2 respectively. Based on the results obtained, Mogi coloumb is preferable to Mohr coloumb criteria. Mogi failure criteria give more accurate result to obtain optimum mud weight window for the field considered in the Niger Delta. Therefore, in the prediction of an optimum mud weight window for any well in the Niger Delta, mohr failure criteria should be employed and adopted.
Improved salinity tolerance in early growth stage of maize through salicylic acid foliar application

Soil salinity threatens agricultural production worldwide by constraining plant growth and final crop yield. The early stages are most sensitive to salinity, in response to which salicylic acid (SA) has demonstrated beneficial effects in various plant species. Based on this, a maize (Zea mays L.) pot experiment was set up combining three levels of soil salinity (0, 6 and 12 dS m–1), obtained through NaCl addition, with three levels of SA (0, 300 and 600 mM), applied by leaf spraying 20 days after seedling emergence. Fifteen days later, the following traits were assessed: morphology (plant height, leaf number), growth (root and shoot dry weight), leaf water status [relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage (EL)], pigments (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, anthocyanin), antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, vitamin C), oxidative stress markers (H2O2, malondialdehyde), osmo-regulating compounds (free amino acids, soluble proteins and sugars, proline), hormones [indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene], element (Na, K, Ca, Mg and Cl) concentration and content in roots, stem and leaves. Salinity severely affected maize growth (–26% total dry weight), impaired leaf water status (–31% RWC), reduced photosynthetic pigments, enhanced all antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress markers, two osmo-regulating compounds (soluble sugars and proline) out of four, and all hormones except GA. SA was shown effective in containing most of the stress effects, while supporting plant defences by upgrading antioxidant activities (reduced oxidative stress markers), increasing cell membrane stability (–24% EL) and leaf water status (+20% RWC), and reducing plant stress signalling (–10% ABA and -20% ethylene). Above all, SA contrasted the massive entry of noxious ions (Na+ and Cl–), in favour of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ accumulation. Lastly, salicylic acid was shown beneficial for maize growth and physiology also under non-saline condition, suggesting a potential use in normal field conditions. Highlights - Foliar applied salicylic acid alleviated salinity effects on maize growth at early plant stage. - Salicylic acid improved leaf water status, chlorophyll content, and strengthened anti-oxidant enzymes under salinity. - Salicylic acid reduced oxidative stress markers while enhancing osmo-regulating and hormonal responses to salinity. - Salicylic acid hampered Na and Cl entry and translocation to above ground organs, preserving leaf cell membrane integrity. - Salicylic acid was shown beneficial for maize growth and physiology also under non-saline conditions.
Research on Reconfiguration Time Analysis Method of Integrated Modular Avionics System

: - The fault-tolerant reconstruction of the integrated modular avionics system electronic system can effectively improve the reliability of the system and ensure the normal operation of system functions. Accurate analysis of the reconstruction time of the integrated modular avionics system is helpful to evaluate the rationality of the reconstruction blueprint and the reliability of the reconfigurable integrated modular avionics system. Based on the in-depth study of the integrated modular avionics system architecture, software and hardware configuration, and system reconstruction process, this paper analyzes the system reconstruction time of different reconstruction modes in view of the uncertainty and diversity of the system reconstruction leading to the complex system state. According to the basic concepts and characteristics of the integrated electronic system, the integrated electronic system model is summarized and designed. Propose an application migration optimization algorithm for system reconfiguration. Based on the integrated electronic system model, build an integrated modular avionics system reconstruction verification platform. Using the reconstruction verification platform, the proposed reconfigurable integrated electronic system framework and model are used for experimental verification.
RADIATION DOSE TO THE EYE AND POTENTIAL OCCURRENCE RADIATION- INDUCED CATARACT FOLLOWING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) HEAD EXAMINATION

The eye is a radiosensitive organ that lies within the scan range during Computed Tomography (CT) of the head. The utilization of the head CT is increasing with growing concern about the chances of development of cataract which induces by ionising radiation. This research aimed to calculate eye absorbed dose and to study the potential occurrence of radiation induces cataracts between CT Brain and CT Temporal. A total of 399 set data were obtained retrospectively according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. 364 patients underwent CT Brain while 35 patients’ data obtained for CT Temporal. The scanning parameters such as tube current, tube potential, pitch factor, beamwidth, filter, revolution time, and filter were recorded. Eye absorbed dose was significantly different (p<0.05) between CT brain (49.07±10.08mGy) and CT temporal (25.72 ± 6.12mGy). None of the analysed data exceeded the eye threshold dose recommended by ICRP 2012. However, as expected, the cumulative eye absorbed dose was increased as the frequencies of the scan increase. The highest number of repeated scans is five times with cumulative dose was recorded as 278.27mGy. In conclusion, the eye absorbed dose is higher in CT Brain compared to CT Temporal and has potential for induction of cataract in the future especially with the patient that undergoes repeated CT examination.
Carbon Fiber-Based Cementitious Composites for Traffic Detection and Weighing In Motion

 Highways may smart to traffic detection by use of self-sensing materials.  Cementitious sensors with sensitive property to weigh in motion.  Applied traffic load changes the electrical resistivity of sensors through passing. New self-sensing cementitious composites embedded in the highway pavement for vehicle detection and weigh during motion is fabricated. Smart carbon fiber (CF) reinforced cement-based materials with high sensitive property are used as sensors. These smart composites may be able to detect the traffic and sense the weight in motion, thanks to their piezoresistive property. Cement-based sensors capability to vehicle detection was investigated in a real field at the University of Technology campus. Findings clarify that the CF-Based cementitious composites provide have a great potential to use as sensors for detect traffic and its composition also it possibly identifies different vehicular axle loadings (weigh during motion). A R T I C L E I N F O Handling editor: Wasan I. Khalil
The Challenges & Translatability of Metaphors Between Languages

Metaphors and their impact within languages have been a topic of wide discussion between scholars. This research paper focuses on their translatability as well as the challenges that they pose to translators. Metaphors can become a problem during translation, since they are inherently tied to the culture of its source language, making them potentially meaningless in another. As a general rule of thumb, when translating metaphors, the cultures of both the source and target languages should be taken into consideration. This is so that meaning behind the metaphor can be accurately transferred.