Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finitely additive, modular, and probability functions on pre-Semirings

ABSTRACT In this paper, we define finitely additive, probability and modular functions over semiring-like structures. We investigate finitely additive functions with the help of complemented elements of a semiring. We also generalize some classical results in probability theory such as the law of total probability, Bayes’ theorem, the equality of parallel systems, and Poincaré’s inclusion-exclusion theorem. While we prove that modular functions over a couple of known semirings are almost constant, we show it is possible to define many different modular functions over some semirings such as bottleneck algebras and the semiring (Id(D),+,⋅), where D is a Dedekind domain.
Green hotels: the state of green hotel research and future prospects

ABSTRACT This paper draws attention to the critical account of green hotels from various stakeholder perspectives. It reviews why and how the green hotel industry is increasingly involved in green initiatives and what results from such efforts, and underpins green sustainability issues ranging from hotel-oriented to individual-oriented factors. How the stakeholders are involved in the process is also observed. There is obvious indication of conservation and pollution management as the mainstream topic in green hotel studies. This paper suggests directions of research in the realm of green hotels, which could serve as a guide for a better conceptualization of future research.
Nonconforming finite element method applied to the driven cavity problem

A cheapest stable nonconforming finite element method is presented for solving the incompressible flow in a square cavity without smoothing the corner singularities. The stable cheapest nonconforming finite element pair based on $P_1\times \widetilde{{\mathcal P}_{c}^h}$ on rectangular meshes \cite{stab-cheapest} is employed with a minimal modification for the discontinuous Dirichlet data on the top boundary, where $\widetilde{{\mathcal P}_{c}^h}$ is the finite element space of piecewise constant pressures with the globally one-dimensional checker-board pattern subspace eliminated. The proposed Stokes elements have least number of degrees of freedom compared to those of known stable Stokes elements. Three accuracy indications for our elements are analyzed and numerically verified. Also, various numerous computational results obtained by using our proposed element show excellent accuracy.
Ruminate the Significance of Internal Capital Market to enterprise capital control

Internal capital market theory is one of the most essential theories for studying the internal management of enterprises. It fundamentally solves the problem of information asymmetry in the external market and optimizes the internal resource allocation of enterprises while reducing transaction costs. This paper analyzes the impact of internal capital allocation and endogenous financing from the perspective of internal capital market theory which improve the centralized management of corporate capital and enhance the overall value of corporate groups.
Decomposition numbers for Hecke algebras of type G(r, p, n): the (ε, q)‐separated case

The paper studies the modular representation theory of the cyclotomic Hecke algebras of type G(r, p, n) with (ε, q)‐separated parameters. We show that the decomposition numbers of these algebras are completely determined by the decomposition matrices of related cyclotomic Hecke algebras of type G(s, 1, m), where 1⩽s⩽r and 1⩽m⩽n. Furthermore, the proof gives an explicit algorithm for computing these decomposition numbers. Consequently, in principle, the decomposition matrices of these algebras are now known in characteristic zero.
Neural ODE Differential Learning and Its Application in Polar Motion Prediction

This paper introduces a new learning algorithm for accurate, physically driven time series prediction. The fundamental assumption behind the method is that the phenomena follow Ordinary Differential Equations. We investigate the general case where the time series follows an ODE of degree m∈N $m\in \mathbb{N}$ . The resulting method is a learning algorithm based on the finite differences between the values of time series. We present the application of the method in the field of geodesy for polar motion prediction, the main objective of the present paper. We show that in this application, the linear form of the method is sufficient and offers competitive predictive performance. We present a baseline solution, in which we use historical polar motion time series from 1976 to predict up to the year 2020. The prediction horizon in this case is short‐term (up to 10 days into the future). In addition, we compare the prediction accuracy in the short‐term horizon with the results of the best performing model in the first Earth Orientation Prediction Comparison Campaign. On average, a 53% improvement in prediction performance is achieved. In further analyses, we compare the prediction accuracy for both short‐term and long‐term against the results of state‐of‐the‐art methods, namely Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis, and a combination of Singular Spectrum Analysis and Copula sampling. We show that the proposed method in this paper can outperform the mentioned two methods in both short and long‐term horizons, with an average improvement of the prediction performance of 54% and 52%, respectively.
ELECTRON HEATING BY THE ION CYCLOTRON INSTABILITY IN COLLISIONLESS ACCRETION FLOWS. II. ELECTRON HEATING EFFICIENCY AS A FUNCTION OF FLOW CONDITIONS

In the innermost regions of low-luminosity accretion flows, including Sgr A* at the center of our Galaxy, the frequency of Coulomb collisions is so low that the plasma has two temperatures, with the ions substantially hotter than the electrons. This paradigm assumes that Coulomb collisions are the only channel for transferring the ion energy to the electrons. In this work, the second of a series, we assess the efficiency of electron heating by ion velocity-space instabilities in collisionless accretion flows. The instabilities are seeded by the pressure anisotropy induced by magnetic field amplification, coupled to the adiabatic invariance of the particle magnetic moments. Using two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we showed in Paper I that if the electron-to-ion temperature ratio is T0e/T0i ≲ 0.2, the ion cyclotron instability is the dominant mode for ion betas β0i ∼ 5–30 (here, β0i is the ratio of ion thermal pressure to magnetic pressure), as appropriate for the midplane of low-luminosity accretion flows. In this work, we employ analytical theory and one-dimensional PIC simulations (with the box aligned with the fastest-growing wave vector of the ion cyclotron mode) to fully characterize how the electron heating efficiency during the growth of the ion cyclotron instability depends on the electron-to-proton temperature ratio, the plasma beta, the Alfvén speed, the amplification rate of the mean field (in units of the ion Larmor frequency), and the proton-to-electron mass ratio. Our findings can be incorporated as a physically grounded subgrid model into global fluid simulations of low-luminosity accretion flows, thus helping to assess the validity of the two-temperature assumption.
Entropy Bifurcation of Neural Networks on Cayley Trees

It has been demonstrated that excitable media with a tree structure performed better than other network topologies, therefore it is natural to consider neural networks defined on Cayley trees. The investigation of a symbolic space called tree-shift of finite type is important when it comes to the discussion of the equilibrium solutions of neural networks on Cayley trees. Entropy is a frequently used invariant for measuring the complexity of a system, and constant entropy for an open set of coupling weights between neurons means that the specific network is stable. This paper gives a complete characterization of entropy spectrum of neural networks on Cayley trees and reveals whether the entropy bifurcates when the coupling weights change.
Research on the Investment Value of Kerings Group Based on the Multiple Valuation Method

Estimating the company value of major luxury jewelry is one of the key topics of research today. Researchers have found that Kering Group's stock has slowly improved as the epidemic stabilized. However, the mechanism behind its formation and the scope of its impact lacks a uniform explanation. Therefore, this paper explores the investment value of Kering Group by collecting data for 2021 and analyzing the data through two different approaches of P/E ratio and EV/EBITDA. The results of both sets of calculations are that the share price of Kering Group is undervalued. It indicates that Kering Group has much investment value in the future. However, a low valuation does not reduce investment risk, but a low valuation has a clear advantage when the holding period is extended. This paper is a reference for investors to make investment decisions and provide constructive recommendations for the Kering Group.
COMPARISON OF CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL VARIABLES BETWEEN PATIENTS ON TWICE A WEEK DIALYSIS REGIME HAVING DIFFERENT RESIDUAL RENAL FUNCTION – A JACK IN THE BOX

In resource limiting counties, it is a common observation that patients with chronic kidney disease have undergone twice a week dialysis even though they need thrice a week dialysis regime. This not only increases the burden on hospital emergencies but also affects the quality of life of the patients. The current analysis aims to access the quality of life, biochemical variables, and adverse events in patients on twice a week dialysis having renal urea clearance less than 2 mL/min/1.73 m2 (Kr < 2 mL/min/1.73 m2) as compared to those undergoing twice weekly dialysis having Kr > 2 mL/min/1.73 m2. This investigation was carried out at the Services Hospital in Lahore's Department of Nephrology and Hemodialysis Center. The study involved a total of sixty participants. They were then split into two separate groups. Thirty participants in Group A were on dialysis twice a week and had Kr > 2 mL/min/1.73 m2, whereas in Group B, participants with the same age and sex were also on dialysis twice a week but had Kr< 2 mL/min/1.73 m2. According to the 2006 Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI) Clinical Practice Guidelines, individuals with renal urea clearance (Kr) less than 2 mL/min/1.73 m2 should not undergo twice-weekly hemodialysis. Therefore, Group B was not following the advised weekly dialysis schedule. The primary goal of the study was to assess the difference in biochemical variables and the last six-month emergency visit for dialysis and the second goal was to determine the quality of life by using the Sf-12 QoL questionnaire. The trial involved a total of sixty participants receiving twice-weekly dialysis. Males made up 59% of the study's participants. The participants' average age was 42.18 ± 18.10 years. Group A had a mean age of 38.9 ± 17.6 years, while group B had a mean age of 41.2 ± 14.9 years. Systolic blood pressure was considerably higher in group B compared to group A according to the clinical data (p=0.04). The biochemical examination revealed that group B had significantly lower levels of albumin than group A (p=0.001) and significantly higher levels of urea and calcium (p=0.01 and 0.046, respectively) than group A. It was discovered that group B had significantly more hospital visits than group A (p=0.003). Using the SF-12 to measure quality of life, there was no discernible difference between the groups. The patients were on twice a week dialysis despite their renal urea clearance of less than 2 mL/min/1.73 m2 having compromised clinical and biochemical parameters. They also have a poor quality of life and also a greater number of emergency visits.
Gemini/GMOS imaging of globular cluster systems in five early-type galaxies

This paper presents deep high quality photometry of globular cluster (GC) systems belonging to five early-type galaxies covering a range of mass and en vironment. Photometric data were obtained with the Gemini North and Gemini South telescopes in the filter passbands g ′ , r ′ , and i ′ . The combination of these filters with good seeing condition s allows an excellent separation between GC candidates and unresolved field o bjects. In fact, our previously published spectroscopic data indicates a contamination level of only �10 percent in our sample of GC candidates. Bimodal GC colour distributions are found in all five galaxies. Most of the GC systems appear bimodal even in the (g ′ -r ′ ) vs (r ′ -i ′ ) plane. A population of resolved/marginally resolved GC and Ultra Compact Dwarf candidates was found in all the galaxies. A search for the so-called “blue tilt” in the colou r-magnitude diagrams reveals that NGC 4649 clearly shows that phenomenon although no conclusive evidence was found for the other galaxies in the sample. This “blue tilt” translate s into a mass-metallicity relation given by Z / M 0.28±0.03 . This dependence was found using a new empirical (g ′ -i ′ ) vs [Z/H] relation which relies on an homogeneous sample of GC colours and metallicities. This paper also explores the radial trends in both colour and surface density for the blue (metal-poor) and red (metal-rich) GC subpopulations. As usual, the red GCs show a steeper radial distribution than the blue ones. Evidence of galactocentric colour gradients is found in some of the GC systems, being more significant for the two S0 galaxies in the sample. Red GC subpopulations show similar colours and gradients to the galaxy halo stars in their inner region. A GC mean colour-galaxy luminosity relation, consistent with [Z/H]/ LB 0.26±0.08 , is present for the red GCs. An estimate of the total GC populations and specific freq uency SN values is presented for NGC 3115, NGC 3923 and NGC 4649.
Fourier transform on high-dimensional unitary groups with applications to random tilings

A combination of direct and inverse Fourier transforms on the unitary group $U(N)$ identifies normalized characters with probability measures on $N$-tuples of integers. We develop the $N\to\infty$ version of this correspondence by matching the asymptotics of partial derivatives at the identity of logarithm of characters with Law of Large Numbers and Central Limit Theorem for global behavior of corresponding random $N$-tuples. As one application we study fluctuations of the height function of random domino and lozenge tilings of a rich class of domains. In this direction we prove the Kenyon-Okounkov's conjecture (which predicts asymptotic Gaussianity and exact form of the covariance) for a family of non-simply connected polygons. Another application is a central limit theorem for the $U(N)$ quantum random walk with random initial data.
A one-phase interior point method for nonconvex optimization

The work of Wachter and Biegler suggests that infeasible-start interior point methods (IPMs) developed for linear programming cannot be adapted to nonlinear optimization without significant modification, i.e., using a two-phase or penalty method. We propose an IPM that, by careful initialization and updates of the slack variables, is guaranteed to find a first-order certificate of local infeasibility, local optimality or unboundedness of the (shifted) feasible region. Our proposed algorithm differs from other IPM methods for nonconvex programming because we reduce primal feasibility at the same rate as the barrier parameter. This gives an algorithm with more robust convergence properties and closely resembles successful algorithms from linear programming. We implement the algorithm and compare with IPOPT on a subset of CUTEst problems. Our algorithm requires a similar median number of iterations, but fails on only 9% of the problems compared with 16% for IPOPT. Experiments on infeasible variants of the CUTEst problems indicate superior performance for detecting infeasibility. The code for our implementation can be found at this https URL
Do not let policy termination harm growth or welfare: Incremental investment under subsidy termination risk

Investments are frequently subsidized, but once a subsidy is close to reaching its goal or putting a strain on ﬁscal budgets, a subsidy may be terminated. An important question for policy makers is how to minimize the negative impact of an industry’s risk of subsidy termination on the policy maker’s goals of attracting investment or maximizing welfare. We study a competitive industry in which ﬁrms eligible for a subsidy are faced with an option to invest. The subsidy can be withdrawn due to unexpected events, such as depletion of public budgets or a change in political support. We assume the social planner sets a subsidy, and the ﬁrms decide on when to invest. We contribute to the literature by analyzing how the subsidy retraction risk impacts the ﬁrms’ optimal investment timing, an industry’s total investment and total surplus. We ﬁnd that ﬁrms faced with a lump-sum subsidy subject to withdrawal risk expand sooner and, as a result, install a larger capacity than ﬁrms without a subsidy. Furthermore, a subsidy can increase total surplus if set correctly. The social planner’s optimal subsidy size increases with the industry’s capacity, and decreases with the subsidy withdrawal risk.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MODERN BOARD GAMES IN TEACHING GREEK AS L2 TO ADULT LEARNERS

The important role of communicative competence in foreign language learning highlighted the need for the use of task-based or content-oriented activities within the foreign language instructional context. Several studies have recently focused on such activities and, in particular, on the use of games (Peters, 2015; Petrovic, 2007; Yaccob & Yunus, 2019); their findings have attracted researchers’ interest as they underlined the positive effects, they seem to have on the development of language proficiency (Bush, 2015; Lan, Van & Huyen, 2019; Nguyen & Nga, 2003). Some of these studies have examined the effect of games on learners’ language development, competency and motivation in learning an L2 (Marzano, 2010; Stavy, Subon & Unin, 2019; Tuan, 2012), while others have focused on students’ and teachers’ attitudes towards their use in language classrooms (Hamzah & Dourado, 2010; Lawrence & Lawrence, 2013; Reyes-Chua & Lidawan, 2019). However, what has not been adequately researched is the impact of board games on adult students and their systematic integration and use within the language curricula (Phuong & Nguyen, 2017). In this study, we aim to present two different types of modern board games which have been adjusted for the teaching of Greek as a foreign language at B1 level (according to CEFR). The games were used to practice vocabulary and grammar as well as promote interpersonal communication according to the syllabus of the School of Modern Greek (2010). The study will compare the use of board games with conventional activities and tasks so as to assess their effectiveness as a tool in the adult foreign language classroom. Article visualizations:
A COMBINED SPECTROSCOPIC AND PHOTOMETRIC STELLAR ACTIVITY STUDY OF EPSILON ERIDANI

We present simultaneous ground-based radial velocity (RV) measurements and space-based photometric measurements of the young and active K dwarf Epsilon Eridani. These measurements provide a data set for exploring methods of identifying and ultimately distinguishing stellar photospheric velocities from Keplerian motion. We compare three methods we have used in exploring this data set: Dalmatian, an MCMC spot modeling code that fits photometric and RV measurements simultaneously; the FF′ method, which uses photometric measurements to predict the stellar activity signal in simultaneous RV measurements; and Hα analysis. We show that our Hα measurements are strongly correlated with the Microvariability and Oscillations of STars telescope (MOST) photometry, which led to a promising new method based solely on the spectroscopic observations. This new method, which we refer to as the HH′ method, uses Hα measurements as input into the FF′ model. While the Dalmatian spot modeling analysis and the FF′ method with MOST space-based photometry are currently more robust, the HH′ method only makes use of one of the thousands of stellar lines in the visible spectrum. By leveraging additional spectral activity indicators, we believe the HH′ method may prove quite useful in disentangling stellar signals.
Budgetary Resource Allocation And Performance Of Busia County, Kenya

: County governments are responsible for ensuring political, economic and social development of their citizens. More specifically, governments provide infrastructure (water, electricity, roads, water, bridges and ports), health services and education facilities among others. Therefore, the success and performance of governments and public institutions are critical to achieving development agenda in the local communities across the world. Strategies are crucial components of companies, both private companies and public companies, as they respond to the ever changing external environments and the increasing and changing demands of customers. The study’s general objective was to establish the effect of budgetary resource allocation on performance of Busia County. This study used a descriptive research design. The study targeted on 213 staff working in the 10 different departments in the headquarters of County government of Busia. Krejcie and Morgan sample size determination formula was adopted in determining the sample size. Stratified random sampling was deployed for selection of 65 respondents from the population. The study adopted both primary and secondary data. Primary data will contain both quantitative and qualitative data. Analysis of qualitative data was done through thematic content analysis. Quantitative data was done through inferential and descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics entailed percentages, and frequencies, measures of central tendency (mean) measures of dispersion (standard deviation). Presentation of results was done by use of tables and figures which comprised of bar charts and pie charts. Inferential statistics such as correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis was used in establishing the relationship between the independent and the dependent variable. The results indicated that budgetary resource allocation has a positive and significant effect on performance of the County government of Busia. The study recommends that county government of Busia should come up with strategies for ensuring quick decision making among the county leaders. In addition, the county government of Busia should allocate enough resources for ensuring the county assets are properly maintained.
Topological realizations of line arrangements

A venerable problem in combinatorics and geometry asks whether a given incidence relation may be realized by a configuration of points and lines. The classic version of this would ask for algebraic lines over some field or possibly real pseudolines: embedded circles (isotopic to $RP^1$) in the real projective plane. In this paper we investigate whether a configuration is realized by a collection of $2$-spheres embedded, in the symplectic, smooth, or topological (locally flat) categories, in the complex projective plane. We find obstructions to realizability in the topological category, which apply to configurations specified by all projective planes over a finite field. Such obstructions are used to show that certain contact graph manifolds are not (strongly) symplectically fillable. We also show that a configuration of real pseudolines can be complexified to give a configuration of smooth, indeed symplectically embedded, $2$-spheres.
Generalizations of Rodrigues type formulas for hypergeometric difference equations on nonuniform lattices

ABSTRACT By building a second-order adjoint difference equations on nonuniform lattices, the generalized Rodrigues type representation for the second kind solution of a second-order difference equation of hypergeometric type on nonuniform lattices is given. The general solution of the equation in the form of a combination of a standard Rodrigues formula and a ‘generalized’ Rodrigues formula is also established.