Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ABSOLUTE SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION OF QUASI-STELLAR OBJECTS FROM 0.3 TO 2.2 MICRONS.

The absolute spectral energy distribution from 0.32 to 2.2 μ, has been obtained for twenty-eight quasi-stellar sources. Photometry at 2.2 μ, has been obtained for an additional fifteen objects. The data show that the continua over this wavelength range generally can be described with a power-law spectrum; the index varies from -0.2 to -1.6, with the entire range being populated. For quasi-stellar objects which are known to have large-amplitude variations in visual magnitude, the energy distributions remain sensibly unchanged during the variations. No characteristic of the energy distribution in the observed range of wavelengths which distinguishes between radio-quiet and radio-active quasi-stellar objects is found. The near constancy of the observed ratio of the line intensities of Lɑ to the C IV line can be interpreted as implying an electron temperature of 20000° K. The range of equivalent widths of both (Hɑ + [N II]) and Lɑ is small. The ratio of the number of photons in the Lyman continuum with respect to the number in the Lɑ line is not consistent with radiative recombination from an opaque source.
Monogenic wavelet frames

We consider an extension of the 1-D concept of analytical wavelets to n-D, which is by construction compatible with rotations. This extension, called the monogenic wavelet, yields a decomposition of the wavelet coefficients into amplitude, phase, and phase direction, analogous to the decomposition of an analytical wavelet coefficient into amplitude and phase. We demonstrate the usefulness of this decomposition with two applications.
Survey of the Theories for Analogue of Wiener Measure Space

We consider the analogue of Wiener measure on the space of all real continuous functions, and then establish the measure-valued measure and the operator-valued measure on our space and we investigate their important properties, for example, the integration formula, the rotation theorem, the Bartle integral, the Bochner integral and the Dobrakov integral, the simple formula for conditional expectation, the measure-valued Feynman-Kac formula and Volterra integral equation and integral transform.
Magnetic properties of carbon‐coated, ferromagnetic nanoparticles produced by a carbon‐arc method

The Kratschmer–Huffman carbon‐arc method of preparing fullerenes has been used to generate carbon‐coated transition metal (TM) and TM‐carbide nanocrystallites. The magnetic nanocrystallites were extracted from the soot with a magnetic gradient field technique. For TM=Co the majority of nanocrystals exist as nominally spherical particles, 0.5–5 nm in radius. Hysteretic and temperature‐dependent magnetic response, in randomly and magnetically aligned powder samples frozen in epoxy, correspond to fine particle magnetism associated with monodomain TM particles. The magnetization exhibits a unique functional dependence on H/T, and hysteresis below a blocking temperature TB. Below TB, the temperature dependence of the coercivity can be expressed as Hc=Hc0[1−(T/TB)1/2], where Hc0 is the 0 K coercivity.
Adaptive output selection in a chaotic optical ring and its application to communication networks

A novel adaptive output selection scheme has been proposed for searching among a large number of multistable oscillation modes in a chaotic optical ring. The modes correspond to digital bit sequences, and the optical ring is potentially useful for generating digital optical signals. The adaptation is based on the collision avoidance between peaks in the oscillation pattern and pulses from another signal source. The collision signal is optically fedback into the optical ring and drives the system into a weakly chaotic regime until a fit oscillation mode which results in no collision in the output is obtained through chaotic mode transitions. Experiments have been performed using 21-bit oscillation modes and the results show that fit oscillation modes can be autonomously chosen with the proposed method. In particular, it was shown that the method can be successful even if the periods and pulse widths of the colliding signals are not the same and shown how the condition for successful collision avoidance can be determined in terms of the power in the collision pulses. Potential applications of the proposal in optical communication networks are discussed.
21 centimeter study of spiral galaxies in the Coma supercluster

High-sensitivity, 21 cm line observations of 130 galaxies in the Coma/A1367 Supercluster region are presented and used to study the large-scale distribution of galaxies in the direction of the Coma Supercluster and the H I content in spiral galaxies as a function of the local galaxy density. Groups of galaxies are found to form a quasi-continuous structure that connects the Local Supercluster to the Coma Supercluster. This structure is composed of real filaments only in the vicinity of the Coma Cluster. Spiral galaxies in the surveyed groups and multiple systems have H I content not dissimilar from that of isolated galaxies. Galaxies within about 1 Abell radius from the Coma Cluster contain about three times less hydrogen on average than isolated galaxies. There is a strong tendency for galaxies that are more severely H I-depleted to be redder and of earlier Hubble type. In the Coma Cluster a considerable fraction of late-type, blue galaxies have large deficiency parameters. 51 references.
Synchrotron and inverse Compton emission from expanding sources in jets - Application to SS 433

The formalism for an expanding source is extended to include continuous injection of electrons and the production of X-rays by inverse Compton scattering of external photons and synchrotron-self-Compton scattering. The model is applied to the expanding nonthermal sources entrained in the jets of SS 433. These sources are found capable of producing both the flaring radio component and the X-ray fluxes only if the relativistic electrons and the magnetic field are far out of equipartition. If the expanding source in the jets is in equipartition, the X-rays may originate from a stationary source within the binary system, which is self-absorbed at radio frequencies and produces X-rays by inverse Compton scattering of optical photons from the binary. 45 references.
Average distance between a star and planet in an eccentric orbit

The average distance between a star and a planet in the classic two-body problem of celestial mechanics is different from the orbital semi-major axis of the planet if the average is performed over time or angle. The time- and angle-averaged distances are functions of both the semi-major axis and the orbital eccentricity and can differ from the orbital semi-major axis by as much as 50%–100%. This difference contradicts the usual statement found in most introductory and advanced textbooks that the average distance and the orbital semi-major axis are equal.
Variation of composition of sputtered TiN films as a function of target nitridation, thermal anneal, and substrate topography

The chemical composition of reactively sputtered TiN was measured with RBS and AES for aspect ratio 2 topography as a function of Ti target nitridation. The bottom of the aspect ratio 2 topography was nitrogen depleted (Ti:N=1.78:1) as compared to the field (Ti:N=1.01:1) for films sputtered with a non‐nitrided target at 20 kW and 400 °C. No such depletion effect was observed for TiN films sputtered with a nitrided target. Thermal annealing of the depleted TiN films at 450 °C in N2 restored the composition to near‐stoichiometric. SIMBAD simulation with a saturation‐dependent nitrogen sticking coefficient was used to understand the nature of the nitrogen depletion.
MHD Unsteady Free Convection Flow past a Vertical Porous Plate

The present work is concerned with unsteady 2-dimensional laminar free convection flow of an incompressible, viscous, electrically conducting (Newtonian or polar) fluid through a porous medium bounded by an infinite vertical plane surface of constant temperature. A uniform magnetic field acts perpendicular to the surface which absorbs the fluid with a suction velocity varying periodically with time about a non-zero constant mean value. The equations of conservation of mass, momentum, angular velocity, and energy, which govern the flow and heat transfer problem, are solved analytically using regular perturbation techniques. The effects of material parameters such as Grashof number, Prandtl number, permeability parameter, suction parameter, and magnetic parameter on the velocity, angular velocity, and temperature are discussed. Numerical results are presented graphically and discussed.
Analysis of Gravity Waves Generated at the Top of a Drainage Flow

Abstract Drainage or katabatic flows are common mesoscale circulations established as a result of differential radiative cooling of near-surface air masses in sloping terrain. The initial irruption of these flows, with sudden shifts in wind speed and direction, may result in vertical displacements of air parcels from their equilibrium position, which prove to be a common source of internal gravity waves. This paper illustrates this mechanism and describes the main features of the oscillations following the study of observational data gathered throughout one night during the Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment in Spain 2006 (SABLES2006) field campaign. Pressure differences, measured by microbarometers set at different levels of a tower, help to interpret the evolution of other atmospheric variables, provide a detailed picture of the irruption of a drainage current, and reveal the formation of gravity waves at its top. The main parameters of the waves are derived from wavelet cross correlation of p.
The plane W(Na I) x W (Mg I) : effects of interstellar Na I in a sample of southern galaxies

Galaxy spectra from a subsample of the Southern Sky Redshift Survey data bank were used to study the equivalent width plane for the lines Na I λ 5893 A vs Mg I λ 5175 A. We try to estimate how important the contribution of the interstellar gas for the sodium line is compared to that of the stellar population. The sample is made up of galaxies with morphological types from E to Sc and are distributed up to radial velocities of 25000 km/s, most of them smaller than 15000 km/s. Most early type galaxies with dust lanes, particularly nearly edge-on SO's, present an enhancement of the Na I line. Inclined spiral galaxies tend to present enhanced Na I with respect to face-on spirals
Origin of the Giant Piezoelectric Properties in the [001] Domain Engineered Relaxor Single Crystals

Relaxor single crystals PZN–9%PT have been cut and poled along [101] direction for which the spontaneous polarization Ps is approximately parallel to the poling field Ep. The piezoelectric matrix of the monoclinic single-domain (1M state) has been determined, in the approximation of an orthorhombic symmetry. The shear mode (15) along [101], gives the highest electromechanical coupling factor k15 (>80%) and the largest piezoelectric coefficient d15 (∼3200 pC/N). The properties of the disoriented 1M state have been calculated from a change of axes. The maximum of d33θϕ is obtained along a direction close to [001]. This is due to the very large value of d15 compared to d33 in the basic 1M state. On the other hand the transverse piezoelectric coefficient along [uv0] for the [001] disoriented Ps single domain presents a strong anisotropy. Finally, in the [001] domain engineered configuration, an important extrinsic contribution of the domain coexistence is evidenced by comparing calculated and measured coefficients.
Performance derivative calculations and optimization process

The calculation of the sensitivity versus a geometric or physical parameter and its use in an optimization process are presented. The 2-D finite-element method is used in the magnetic field calculation. The quasiNewton method is used to determine the direction of minimization, and the constraints of upper and lower bounds of parameters are treated by the penalty function. A cubic approximation method is used in the unidimensional minimization. Minimization of the current density (J/sub c/) while keeping the force desired for a relay model is presented as an example. >
Stochastic Nature of Physical Parameterizations in Ensemble Prediction: A Stochastic Convection Approach

Abstract In this paper it is argued that ensemble prediction systems can be devised in such a way that physical parameterizations of subgrid-scale motions are utilized in a stochastic manner, rather than in a deterministic way as is typically done. This can be achieved within the context of current physical parameterization schemes in weather and climate prediction models. Parameterizations are typically used to predict the evolution of grid-mean quantities because of unresolved subgrid-scale processes. However, parameterizations can also provide estimates of higher moments that could be used to constrain the random determination of the future state of a certain variable. The general equations used to estimate the variance of a generic variable are briefly discussed, and a simplified algorithm for a stochastic moist convection parameterization is proposed as a preliminary attempt. Results from the implementation of this stochastic convection scheme in the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction Sys.
Efficient photon collection from reconfigurable photonic crystal slab resonator operating at short wavelengths

The efficiency of photon collection from a reconfigurable photonic crystal (PhC) resonator through a curved microfiber is investigated by means of k-space analyses. We observed that efficient photon collection through the microfiber can be achieved when the PhC slab is thinner than 0.6a, where a is the lattice constant of the PhC. For thicker slabs, loss through the slab TM mode, which stems from the broken mirror symmetry of the slab, becomes significant. It was found that this TM-mode coupling can be suppressed considerably by reducing the thickness of the slab.
Pseudospectral method for semilinear partial functional differential equations

We present a convergence result for two spectral methods applied to an initial boundary value problem with functional dependence of Volterra type. Explicit condition of Courant-Friedrichs-Levy type is assumed on time step \(\tau \) and the number \(N\) of collocation points. Stability statements and error estimates are written using continuous norms in weighted Jacobi spaces.
Robust Model Predictive Control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Waysets

This paper introduces a new formulation of model predictive control for robust trajectory guidance of unmanned aerial vehicles. It generalizes the ubiquitous concept of waypoints to waysets, in order to provide robustness to bounded state disturbances in the presence of obstacles. Using a variable horizon formulation of model predictive control, it shows how wayset guidance combined with constraint tightening can guarantee robust recursive feasibility and finite-time completion of a control maneuver. Simulations on a point mass fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle model moving through a field of obstacles with wind disturbances demonstrate significant computational benefits from using waysets when compared to existing mixed-integer optimization methods that employ long prediction horizons. Using the controller’s robustness to mitigate linearization error, an additional example implements the strategy on a simulated quadrotor, demonstrating how waysets can be used to control more complex nonlinear systems.
One‐Syllable Words

A systematic listing of the monosyllabic words in American English is made according to sound. An empirical approach is followed in which sounds are produced alone or in combinations. If the auditory signal is recognized as a word, it is listed in conventional spelling. A number of words not included in dictionaries are identified by this method. While the list was prepared to supply additional single syllable words to supplement those already used in radiotelephone communication, it can be utilized in language studies to show the frequency of occurrence of vowels, consonants, and consonant combinations at the beginning and endings of words. Frequency of occurrence of the speech sounds in various combinations are presented in tabular form. [Done in connection with contract AF 19(604)‐1577, Operational Applications Laboratory, AFCRC. ]
Turbulent boundary layers at moderate Reynolds numbers: inflow length and tripping effects

Abstract A recent assessment of available direct numerical simulation (DNS) data from turbulent boundary layer flows (Schlatter & Örlü, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 659, 2010, pp. 116–126) showed surprisingly large differences not only in the skin friction coefficient or shape factor, but also in their predictions of mean and fluctuation profiles far into the sublayer. While such differences are expected at very low Reynolds numbers and/or the immediate vicinity of the inflow or tripping region, it remains unclear whether inflow and tripping effects explain the differences observed even at moderate Reynolds numbers. This question is systematically addressed by re-simulating the DNS of a zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer flow by Schlatter et al. (Phys. Fluids, vol. 21, 2009, art. 051702). The previous DNS serves as the baseline simulation, and the new DNS with a range of physically different inflow conditions and tripping effects are carefully compared. The downstream evolution of integral quantities as well as mean and fluctuation profiles is analysed, and the results show that different inflow conditions and tripping effects do indeed explain most of the differences observed when comparing available DNS at low Reynolds number. It is further found that, if transition is initiated inside the boundary layer at a low enough Reynolds number (based on the momentum-loss thickness) ${\mathit{Re}}_{\theta } \lt 300$ , all quantities agree well for both inner and outer layer for ${\mathit{Re}}_{\theta } \gt 2000$ . This result gives a lower limit for meaningful comparisons between numerical and/or wind tunnel experiments, assuming that the flow was not severely over- or understimulated. It is further shown that even profiles of the wall-normal velocity fluctuations and Reynolds shear stress collapse for higher ${\mathit{Re}}_{\theta } $ irrespective of the upstream conditions. In addition, the overshoot in the total shear stress within the sublayer observed in the DNS of Wu & Moin (Phys. Fluids, vol. 22, 2010, art. 085105) has been identified as a feature of transitional boundary layers.
Reconstruction of magnetic field surges to the poles from sunspot impulses

Abstract The time-latitude diagram of the photospheric magnetic field of the Sun during 1975-2011 (Kitt Peak NSO, SOLIS NSO, SOHO MDI data) is analyzed using Gnevysvev's idea of impulsed structure of sunspot cycle and a flux transport concept. It is demonstrated that poleward migrations of magnetic trailing polarities are closely associated with the impulses of sunspot activity. We use a fitting procedure to reconstruct the sunspot impulses and poleward magnetic field surges. We compare our results for Cycle 22 model with the time-latitude diagram of the photospheric magnetic field of the Sun.
A study of ultraviolet absorption lines through the complete Galactic halo by the analysis of HST faint object spectrograph spectra of active Galactic nuclei, 1

The ultraviolet (1150 - 2850 A) spectra of a number of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) observed with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS) have been used to study the properties of the Galactic halo. The objects that served as probes are 3C 273, PKS 0454-220, Pg 1211+143, CSO 251, Ton 951, and PG 1351+640. The equivalent widths of certain interstellar ions have been measured, with special attention paid to the C IV/C II and Si IV/Si II ratios. These ratios have been intercompared, and the highest values are found in the direction of 3C 273, where C IV/C II = 1.2 and Si IV/Si II greater than 1. These high ratios may be due to a nearby supernova remnant, rather than to ionized gas higher up in the Galactic halo. Our data give some support to the notion that QSO metal-line systems may arise from intervening galaxies which contain high supernova rates, galactic fountains, and turbulent mixing layers.
Measurement of backscattered 100 keV electrons on a solid substrate

We have measured the intensity of backscattered 100 keV electrons on a silicon substrate as a function of distance up to 50 μm from the source. The intensity of backscattered electrons was determined by measuring the thickness changes in pre-exposed, isolated 100 nm crosses in a negative resist using atomic force microscopy. The electron backscattered range was measured to be 31.08 ± 0.30 μm and showed deviation from Gaussian behavior for radii larger than 30 μm. This method produces an accurate measurement of the backscattered range because it is process independent and covers a large data range.
The completion time of a job on multimode systems

In this paper we present a general model of the completion time of a single job on a computer system whose state changes according to a semi-Markov process with possibly infinite state-space. When the state of the system changes the job service is preempted. The job service is then resumed or restarted (with or without resampling) in the new state at, possibly, a different service rate. Different types of preemption disciplines are allowed in the model. Successive aggregation and transform techniques are used to obtain the Laplace–Stieltjes transform of the job completion time. We specialize to the case of Markovian structure-state process. We demonstrate the use of the techniques developed here by means of two applications. In the first we derive the distribution of the response time in an M/M/1 queueing system under the processor-sharing discipline (PS). In the second we derive the distribution of the completion time of a job when executed on a system subject to mixed types of breakdowns and repair.
The Dark Matter Distribution in MS 2137-23 from the Modeling of the Multiple Arc Systems

We model the cluster lens MS 2137-23 in which Fort et al. (1992) found a tangential arc, a radial arc, and some arclets. We show that by only using observational constraints given by the CCD images we can model the two arcs and predict the positions of the three arclets. These successful results give strong confidence on the structural and dynamical parameters of the cluster found. In particular, the core radius of the cluster is small, probably 3 times smaller than the value generally adopted. The amount of dark matter is large with a mass-to-light ratio of about 100 and a line-of-sight velocity dispersion of 1000 km s −1 . MS 2137-23 is the first case of a cluster lens in which we have enough distorted multiple images to really infer the distribution of dark matter in these systems
Smolyak algorithms based on digital (t, α, d)‐sequences for multivariate integration

We use so‐called (t, α, d)‐sequences and Smolyak's algorithm to construct d × l ‐dimensional integration rules with optimal convergence rates in a suitable function space. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Visible photoluminescence from nanocrystalline Ge formed by H2 reduction of Si0.6Ge0.4O2

Samples of nanocrystalline Ge embedded in SiO2 that display visible photoluminescence were synthesized from chemical vapor deposition‐grown Si0.6Ge0. 4 in a two step process of hydrothermal oxidation using steam at 25 MPa and 475 °C followed by annealing at 750 °C in flowing forming gas (80/20:N2/H2). A broad photoluminescence band, peaked at 2.14 eV (580 nm) with a full width at half maximum of 0.3 eV, was observed in samples that were annealed at 750 °C in flowing forming gas for 10, 30, and 60 min. As‐oxidized (i.e., unprecipitated) samples show no photoluminescence peak when excited under identical conditions.