Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing frailty in elderly patients with hip fractures: A retrospective review comparing geriatrician and orthopedic trainee assessments

To assess the correlation of orthopedic surgery residents compared with expert geriatricians in the assessment of frailty stage using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) in patients with hip fractures. A retrospective chart review was performed from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019. Patients admitted with a diagnosis of hip fracture were identified. Those patients with a CFS score completed by orthopedic residents with subsequent CFS score completed by a geriatrician during their admission were extracted. Six hundred and forty-eight patients over age 60 (mean 80.5 years, 73.5% female) were admitted during the study period. Orthopaedic residents completed 286 assessments in 44% of admissions. Geriatric medicine consultation was available for 215 patients such that 93 patients were assessed by both teams. Paired CFS data were extracted from the charts and tested for agreement between the 2 groups of raters. CFS assessments by orthopedic residents and geriatrician experts were significantly different at P < . 05; orthopedic residents typically assessed patients to be one CFS grade less frail than geriatricians. Despite this, the CFS assessments showed good agreement between residents and geriatricians. Orthopaedic surgery residents are reliable assessors of frailty but tend to underestimate frailty level compared with specialist geriatricians. Given the evidence to support models such as orthogeriatrics to improve outcomes for frail patients, our findings suggest that orthopedic residents may be well positioned to identify patients who could benefit from such early interventions. Our findings also support recent evidence that frailty assessments by orthopedic surgeons may have predictive validity. Low rates of initial frailty assessment by orthopedic residents suggests that further work is required to integrate more global comprehensive care.
Prevalence of dance-related injuries and associated risk factors among children and young Chinese dance practitioners

While Chinese dance is a popular dance genre among Chinese teenagers and adults, little is known regarding the prevalence of dance-related injuries or factors associated with such injuries among Chinese dance practitioners. The current cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of dance-related injuries and their associated risk factors among young Chinese dance practitioners in Hong Kong. Online surveys were distributed to dancers through local dance associations, while paper-based surveys were distributed to young Chinese dance performers during the 54th School Dance Festival in Hong Kong. Self-reported hours of dancing, injuries in the last 12 months, injury sites, and related factors were collected. The injury rate, 12-month prevalence of dance-related injuries were determined. Risk factors for common dance injuries were analyzed using separate multivariate regression models. A total of 175 children (aged 10–14 years) and 118 young (aged 15–24 years) Chinese dance practitioners provided their dance injury information. Young dancers had a significantly higher injury rate (6.5 injuries vs 4.6 injuries/1000 dance hours) and 12-month prevalence (52.5% vs 19.4%) than their child counterparts. The most commonly injured sites were the knee (children:7.4%; young:15.3%), lower back (children: 4.6%; young: 9.5%), and ankles (children: 5.1%; young: 16.9%). Age was a significant independent risk factor for dance-related injuries to the upper back, lower back, and pelvis/buttock (odds ratios ranging from 1.2 to 1.3/additional years). Additionally, height was a significant independent risk factor for lower limb injury (odds ratios ranging from 1.0–1.1/additional centimeter). Collectively, young Chinese dance practitioners are more vulnerable to dance-related injuries than are child dancers. Older age increases the risk of trunk injuries, whereas taller dancers are more likely to sustain lower-limb injuries. Future research should determine the mechanisms underlying dance-related injuries among these dancers.
Habitat selection and migratory connectivity of a Neotropical migrant songbird

The loss and degradation of riparian habitat throughout the Inter-mountain West has been suggested as the most important cause of population declines among landbird species in western North America. However, studies suggest fragmentation of western landscapes may be less important than in eastern landscapes. An alternative explanation for declines is that human-modification to water flow leads to a mismatch between habitat cues and breeding productivity in migratory birds that creates an ecological trap. I evaluated whether riparian habitat on an actively managed reservoir along the Columbia River in British Columbia attracted yellow warblers to settle in habitat with low nesting success and productivity. Breeding territories and nests sites varied in their physical characteristics and potential effects on reproductive performance. Using male settlement order to estimate habitat preference, I found that birds settled earlier in territories with greater riparian habitat cover and less canopy cover. The habitat characteristics that predicted settlement order were also the characteristics that predicted reproductive performance. Specifically, I found that nest success increased with decreasing canopy cover, and riparian habitat was positively related to the number of young fledged during the breeding season. These results are consistent with the null hypothesis that disturbed riparian habitat does not act as an
OBJECTIVE DELINEATION OF LAHAR-INUNDATION HAZARD ZONES

A new method of delineating lahar hazard zones in valleys that head on volcano flanks provides a rapid, objective, reproducible alternative to traditional methods. The rationale for the method derives from scaling analyses of generic lahar paths and statistical analyses of 27 lahar paths documented at nine volcanoes. Together these analyses yield semiempirical equations that predict inundated valley cross-sectional areas (A) and planimetric areas (B) as functions of lahar volume (V). The predictive equations (A = 0.05V 2/3 and B = 200V 2/3 ) provide all information necessary to calculate and plot in
A case report Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia

Rationale: Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP) is a rare acute or subacute interstitial lung disorder characterized by the deposition of fibrin within the alveoli and organizing pneumonia with a patchy distribution. The clinical features of AFOP are nonspecific, and it is often misdiagnosed as pneumonia, cancer, tuberculosis, or other lung disorders. Patient concerns: In this case report, a 58-year-old woman presented with chest tightness, shortness of breath, cough and sputum. A chest CT scan showed multiple patchy shadows in both lungs. She was initially diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia. Her purified protein derivative skin test was positive, but sputum was negative for acid-fast bacilli. Diagnoses: AFOP was diagnosed by bronchoscopic lung biopsy and histopathology. Interventions: Following AFOP diagnosis, all anti-infective drugs were discontinued, and replaced by methylprednisolone and prednisone. Outcomes: After 1 week of treatment with methylprednisolone 40 mg daily, the patient chest CT and clinical symptoms improved. After 1 month, the patient symptoms had demonstrated dramatic improvement and CT scan revealed complete absorption of lesions in both lungs. After 5 months of follow-up, the patient symptoms completely disappeared. Lessons: Acute AFOP is an uncommon lung condition with poor prognosis; hence, early diagnosis and identification are particularly important. Definitive diagnosis requires histopathological findings. Currently, there is no unified treatment guideline for AFOP, and treatment must be tailored based on the etiology and severity of each individual patient disease. Subacute AFOP shows a good response to corticosteroid treatment. Abbreviations
The impact of obesity on the outcome of periodontal disease treatment: Systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Background: Obesity and periodontitis are two commonly occurring disorders that affect a considerable amount of the world's population. Several studies have mentioned that there may be a link between the two. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine whether there was a difference in response to nonsurgical periodontal therapies (NSPTs) between obese and nonobese individuals. Materials and Methods: An online search was assembled with a combination of Medical Subject Headings terms and free-text words of the literature published up to December 2020, to identify interventional studies limited to an adult human population. Titles, abstracts, and finally full texts were scrutinized for possible inclusion by two independent investigators. Reduction in periodontal pocket depth was the primary parameter used to assess the outcome of NSPT. Results: The primary search yielded 639 significant titles and abstracts. After filtering, data extraction, and quality assessment, 34 full-text studies were selected. All studies matching inclusion criteria, suggest a positive association between obesity and periodontal disease. Conclusion: Although a possible correlation exists between periodontitis and obesity, as with other oral-systemic disease implications, some controversy exists. While some studies have reported a distinct correlation between periodontitis and obesity, other papers have suggested only moderate or no association between the two conditions at all. These results advise of a difference between response to NSPT amid obese and nonobese individuals. However, with few quality studies and variable reported findings, there is limited evidence of any significant difference in clinical practice. However, it can be a positive warning that obesity is a risk factor toward the outcome of periodontal disease treatment.
Perceptions of mandibular asymmetry among orthodontists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and laypersons

ABSTRACT Background: Facial asymmetry is one reason orthodontic patients seek treatment. This study assessed the effect of mandibular asymmetry on facial esthetics and treatment needs perceived by laypersons, orthodontists, and maxillofacial surgeons. Materials and Method: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the frontal image of a model was captured and symmetrized from the facial midline using Adobe Photoshop software. The mandible was rotated 0°–8° with 1° intervals. Images were presented to 41 laypersons, 39 orthodontists, and 29 surgeons using an online questionnaire. The observers rated each image's esthetics with a 0–100 Visual Analog Scale and determined their treatment need by choosing one of the following three choices: No need for treatment, needs treatment, acceptable, but better to be treated. Analysis of variance for repeated measurements model. The regression method, Kruskal–Wallis analysis, was used for statistical analysis and the level of significance was set as P < 0.05. Results: The images with 0° and 1° rotation received the highest esthetic rates among all three groups, while the images with 8° rotation were the least attractive ones. Furthermore, the image esthetic ratings significantly affected their treatment need. Mandibular asymmetry diagnosis threshold was 1° for orthodontists, and 3° for both laypersons and surgeons. The treatment need threshold was 5°, 6°, and 7° for surgeons, orthodontists, and laypersons, respectively. Conclusion: The esthetics of images decreased when mandibular asymmetry increased. Treatment need was also related to increased asymmetry. Orthodontists were the most sensitive group in diagnosis, while surgeons were the most sensitive ones when it came to treatment.
Lymphatic platelet thrombosis limits bone repair by precluding lymphatic transporting DAMPs

Lymphatic vessels (LVs) interdigitated with blood vessels, travel and form an extensive transport network in the musculoskeletal system. Blood vessels in bone regulate osteogenesis and hematopoiesis, however, whether LVs in bone affect fracture healing is unclear. Here, by near infrared indocyanine green lymphatic imaging (NIR-ICG), we examined lymphatic draining function at the tibial fracture sites and found lymphatic drainage insufficiency (LDI) occurred as early as two weeks after fracture. Sufficient lymphatic drainage facilitates fracture healing. In addition, we identified that lymphatic platelet thrombosis (LPT) blocks the draining lymphoid sinus and LVs, caused LDI and then inhibited fracture healing, which can be rescued by a pharmacological approach. Moreover, unblocked lymphatic drainage decreased neutrophils and increased M2-like macrophages of hematoma niche to support osteoblast (OB) survival and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) proliferation via transporting damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These findings demonstrate that LPT limits bone regeneration by blocking lymphatic drainage from transporting DAMPs. Together, these findings represent a novel way forward in the treatment of bone repair.
Predicting topographic aggravation of seismic ground shaking by applying geospatial tools

The undisputable impact of topographic features on the uneven distribution of seismic ground shaking and associated devastation is well-observed and documented, but not applied at a regional scale. Seismic events located in rugged terrain, such as the Kashmir earthquake (2005) in the western Himalaya, exhibit amplified response on the inclined slopes and ridge crests, while de-amplified response at the hill toe. These observations are supplemented by numerical, analytical and experimental investigations. Current efforts on predicting topographic impact on seismic response are confined to synthetic terrain or isolated hills. The available regional models, like USGS ShakeMap, ignore the topographic effects on seismic response, limiting model applicability at local scale. Parametric studies analyzing impact of specific terrain feature and seismic characteristics on seismic ground shaking resulted in numerical models, predicting topographic aggravation of seismic response. This study aims to apply DEM derived topographic attributes and seismic parameters in numerical models to predict topographic aggravation of seismic response at a regional scale. SRTM and ASTER DEMs are utilized to derive the required topographic attributes to investigate the impact of DEM resolution and data source on computed attributes. The uncertainty in the computed topographic attributes, due to DEM inherent random error, is quantified through Monte Carlo Simulations. The impact of slope angle, aspect, height, wavelength and damping on amplification and deamplification of seismic response is analyzed in homogenous lithological and geotechnical scenario. The spatial variation of seismic wavelength is estimated empirically from instrumental ground shaking records. The remote sensing DEMs are found to be sensitive to steep slopes in terrain representation. The amplified seismic response is observed to be sensitive to the slope gradient among the analyzed parameters. The direction of incident seismic waves has significant impact on the occurrence and spatial distribution of seismic induced landslides.
Nature-inspired solutions for energy sustainability using novel optimization methods

This research centres on developing a Home Electricity Management (HEM) system, a pivotal component within the modern supply chain for home electrical power. The system optimizes the scheduling of intelligent home gadgets through advanced meta-heuristics, specifically the Social Spider Algorithm (SSA) and Strawberry Algorithm (SWA), to efficiently manage home energy consumption. Within the supply chain context, HEM acts as a crucial link in the distribution and utilization of electricity within households, akin to optimizing resource allocation and demand balancing within a supply chain for efficient operation and cost-effectiveness. Simulations and comparisons demonstrate that SWA excels in cost savings, while SSA is more effective in reducing peak-to-average power ratios. The proposed solution reduces costs for residences by up to 3.5 percent, highlighting the potential for significant cost savings and efficiency improvements within the home electricity supply chain. It also surpasses existing cost and Peak Average (PAR) ratio meta-heuristics, indicating superior performance within the overall energy supply and consumption framework. Moreover, implementing the HEM system contributes to reducing carbon emissions, aligning with sustainability goals in the energy supply chain. It promotes energy efficiency, integrates renewable sources, and facilitates demand response, mirroring the emphasis on sustainability in supply chain practices. Overall, this research offers a practical and sustainable approach to home energy management, bringing substantial cost savings and environmental benefits to the modern supply chain for residential electricity.
Type of anesthesia for cancer resection surgery: No differential impact on cancer recurrence in mouse models of breast cancer

Background Surgery is essential for curative treatment of solid tumors. Evidence from recent retrospective clinical analyses suggests that use of propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia during cancer resection surgery is associated with improved overall survival compared to inhaled volatile anesthesia. Evaluating these findings in prospective clinical studies is required to inform definitive clinical guidelines but will take many years and requires biomarkers to monitor treatment effect. Therefore, we examined the effect of different anesthetic agents on cancer recurrence in mouse models of breast cancer with the overarching goal of evaluating plausible mechanisms that could be used as biomarkers of treatment response. Methods To test the hypothesis that volatile anesthesia accelerates breast cancer recurrence after surgical resection of the primary tumor, we used three mouse models of breast cancer. We compared volatile sevoflurane anesthesia with intravenous propofol anesthesia and used serial non-invasive bioluminescent imaging to track primary tumor recurrence and metastatic recurrence. To determine short-term perioperative effects, we evaluated the effect of anesthesia on vascular integrity and immune cell changes after surgery in animal models. Results Survival analyses found that the kinetics of cancer recurrence and impact on survival were similar regardless of the anesthetic agent used during cancer surgery. Vascular permeability, immune cell infiltration and cytokine profiles showed no statistical difference after resection with inhaled sevoflurane or intravenous propofol anesthesia. Conclusions These preclinical studies found no evidence that choice of anesthetic agent used during cancer resection surgery affected either short-term perioperative events or long-term cancer outcomes in mouse models of breast cancer. These findings raise the possibility that mouse models do not recapitulate perioperative events in cancer patients. Nonetheless, the findings suggest that future evaluation of effects of anesthesia on cancer outcomes should focus on cancer types other than breast cancer.
Prenatal Exposure to Heavy Metals and Adverse Birth Outcomes: Evidence From an E‐Waste Area in China

Electronic waste that has not been properly treated can lead to environmental contamination including of heavy metals, which can pose risks to human health. Infants, a sensitive group, are highly susceptible to heavy metals exposure. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between prenatal heavy metal exposure and infant birth outcomes in an e‐waste recycling area in China. We analyzed cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and arsenic (As) concentrations in 102 human milk samples collected 4 weeks after delivery. The results showed that 34.3% of participants for Cr, which exceeds the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, as well as the mean exposure of Cr exceeded the WHO guidelines. We collected data on the birth weight (BW) and length of infants and analyzed the association between metal concentration in human milk and birth outcomes using multivariable linear regression. We observed a significant negative association between the Cd concentration in maternal milk and BW in female infants (β = −162.72, 95% CI = −303.16, −22.25). In contrast, heavy metals did not associate with birth outcomes in male infants. In this study, we found that 34.3% of participants in an e‐waste recycling area had a Cr concentration that exceeded WHO guidelines, and there was a significant negative association between prenatal exposure to the Cd and infant BW in females. These results suggest that prenatal exposure to heavy metals in e‐waste recycling areas may lead to adverse birth outcomes, especially for female infants.
Changes in Soil Properties Following Conversion of Humid Tropical Rainforest of Nigeria Into Cocoa Agroforests

This study examined and compared some physical, chemical and microbiological properties of soil under a natural rainforest ecosystem and in young (10-12 yrs) and old (>50yrs) cocoa agroforests. Soil samples were collected to a depth of 30 cm from plots demarcated within each type of ecosystem and soil properties were determined using standard laboratory procedures. No signifi cant differences were noted in the soil textural properties but soil chemical properties such as organic C, total N extractable P and exchangeable Ca and Mg showed signifi cant decline as a result of the conversion to cocoa agroforests. Surface soil organic C was reduced by 12% and 31% under old and young cocoa agroforests respectively in Idanre, while a reduction of 24% and 36% were observed in Omo. Lower microbial population was also observed in the cocoa plots compared to the natural forest.
Assessment of Accessibility to Urban Facilities for Better Urban Structure

This study focuses on the accessibility to urban facilities to provide to consider effective urban and transportation policy for inducing better urban structure. The location based accessibility to urban facilities was measured in Seto City using micro-geo data to assess efficiency of existing spatial distribution of population. The main result of the accessibility analysis is that central area where population density is not so high has high accessibility scores for every type of facilities but education and medical & welfare as well as zones with higher population density does not have high accessibility to facilities, especially by walking. Based on the results, one of likely causes of this spatial discrepancy is discussed and directions of countermeasures for inducing urban structure to the better form are proposed in terms of accessibility to urban facilities.