Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Superpixel-level Global and Local Similarity Graph-based Clustering for Large Hyperspectral Images

Due to the scarcity of labeled samples, clustering in hyperspectral images (HSIs) has a great potential and application value. However, current clustering methods are mainly pixel-level techniques which neglect the large spectral variability of a scene, and suffer from massive time and memory consumption when dealing with large HSIs. In this paper, we propose a superpixel-level global and local similarity graph-based clustering (SGLSC) algorithm that can classify ground objects exploiting spectral and spatial dimensions with reasonable time and memory consumption on large HSIs. The proposed SGLSC, exploits the superpixel concept, which is treated as a homogeneous entity, into the clustering process. For modeling the essential structure of HSIs, a similarity graph combing the global and local information is constructed and inserted into the spectral clustering to partition the superpixel-level graph structure. The proposed method was tested on three benchmark HSIs data sets and compared with some advanced literature algorithms. Experiments demonstrate that it can obtain promising results.
Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Objective The interaction of tumor cells with surrounding stem cells such as adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) would be a crucial mechanism of tumor progression. It has been shown that irradiation can affect tumor microenvironment through different mechanisms. Given that, we aimed to examine the bystander radiation-induced effects of ASCs on different cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, ASCs were extracted from five healthy donors, cultured and then irradiated with a 5Gy of gamma radiation. Following 72 hours of incubation, irradiated ASCs-conditioned media (IACM) and non-irradiated ASCs-conditioned media (NIACM) were collected. Following incubation of different cell lines, Jurkat, LNCaP, U87-MG, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, in different media, DMEM, NIACM, and IACM, ALDEFLUOR assay and wound healing assays, were conducted. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter genes, ABCA1 and ABCG2, was measured in these cell lines. Results NIACM significantly increased ALDH activity in MDA-MB-231 cell (P=0.02), while IACM was associated with significant decrease in the LNCaP and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively P=0.02, P=0.03, compared to DMEM as the control. The area of the scratch site was significantly reduced in MDA-MB-231 cells cultured with NIACM compared to DMEM (P=0.04). Furthermore, ABCA1 mRNA expression was considerably decreased in IACM- but not in DMEMtreated LNCaP line (P=0.01). Conclusion It seems, after exposing to radiation, ASCs modify to prevent tumor development and metastasis through their radiation-induced bystander effects. Therefore, a better understanding of ASCs function in the tumor microenvironment may provide new insights into therapeutic strategies to surmount radio-resistance in cancer treatment.
Wireless sensor networks Zigbee applied on sewage treatment station

The good efficiency in a sewage treatment plant (WWTP) is a great importance to the environment. The management of electromechanical equipment installed in these stations is a major challenge due to the fact that they are installed on areas of difficult access and maintenance unhealthy and making the time for the correction of any faults is extended. This paper proposes the development of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), in order to monitor electromechanical equipment, allowing the Concessionaire a predictive control in real time. The design of a wireless sensors network for monitoring equipment requires not only the development and assembly of the sensor modules, but must also include the development of software for managing the data collected. Thus, this work includes a Zigbee WSN, small, adapted for monitoring of electromechanical equipment and environmental conditions of a WWTP, type stabilization pond, installed in an area of approximately 0.15 km2 and the average flow of 320 liters of treatment per second. The experimental results show that this monitoring system can perform with the collection of parameters of performance and quality assessment at the station. (5 pages)
Internally varying analog circuits minimize power dissipation

We review several techniques that make possible the dynamic variation of analog circuits internally, without affecting their input-output characteristics. Particular attention is paid to companding (dynamic gain scaling), dynamic impedance scaling, dynamic biasing, and dynamic structure variation. A mixture of more than one of these techniques is appropriate in some cases. We use filters as a specific example of dynamical analog circuits and place particular emphasis on avoiding or eliminating transients at the output of such circuits, which would normally occur due to such dynamic variations. By allowing for dynamic internal variations, the power dissipation of such circuits can be lowered and can be made to depend on how demanding the task at hand is. This allows for large savings of energy drain over time, thus making possible long battery life in portable equipment.
A Bottom-Up Scalable Compact Model for Quantum Confined Nanosheet FETs

In this work, a physics-based compact model for channel charges and drain current in nanosheet FETs is presented. The model follows the bottom-up approach. The channel charges are calculated using the 1-D density of states (DOS), which seamlessly scales up for devices with 2-D or 3-D DOS as the confinement reduces in a particular direction. The model uses full Fermi–Dirac (FD) statistics and requires only two additional fitting parameters. The accuracy of the model is confirmed by comparing it with data from in-house 2-D coupled Poisson–Schrödinger (PS) solver and Technology Computer Aided Tool (TCAD) simulations. The proposed model accurately predicts the subband energies, inversion charges, channel potential, and drain current for nanosheet FETs (NsFETs) with different dimensions and applied biases.
Evaluation of Feature Attributes for an RFID Conveyor Belt Application using Probabilistic Models

RFID conveyor belt applications are frequently found in fashion and retail logistics where individually tagged goods are packed into boxes for easy handling. Based on the item-level tagging of goods, these applications are used to identify individual tags and to perform the assignment of tags to their enclosing box. Several aspects such as the extended read range of UHF systems and multipath propagation degrade the detection performance. In this paper we discuss different feature attributes available to the underlying classifier within the RFID system. In particular we address the impact of using the phase information provided by the reader on the classification performance of the RFID system.
Electric Vehicle Charging Method for Automobiles Using Photovoltaic Cells

an electric charging method for automobiles using photovoltaic cells is a project that aims to design and implement a reliable system to charge the vehicle using solar energy power sources. The solar energy charging and discharging controller is electrically connected between the storage batteries and the solar panel and electrically connected with a load. This utility model discloses a simple charging device with a solar PV module for charging electric vehicles, comprising a PV panel, a charging protector, and an electric storage battery. Charging model employs series connection, improves charging efficiency, and protects the storage battery by over-voltage and under-voltage. This has advantages of long service life, energy saving, environment protection.
Risk Factors for Bile Aspiration and its Impact on Clinical Outcomes

INTRODUCTION: Bile reflux may cause for lung allograft rejection, yet there are no studies that determine (i) the relationship between gastric and lung bile concentrations, (ii) whether bile is present in lungs of nontransplant patients, (iii) the relationship between gastric dysmotility and lung bile, (iv) the impact of reflux therapies on lung bile, and (v) whether lung bile worsens outcomes in nontransplant patients. This study will address these gaps in the literature. METHODS: We prospectively recruited lung transplant (LTX) patients and nontransplant patients with respiratory symptoms (RP) and collected paired gastric and lung samples. Bile concentration and composition of samples was assessed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Bile results were compared with clinical parameters, including the presence of esophagitis, gastric dysmotility, and/or pathologic gastroesophageal reflux. RESULTS: Seventy patients (48 RP and 22 LTX) were recruited. Overall, 100% of gastric and 98% of bronchoalveolar lavage samples contained bile. The mean gastric bile concentrations in RP and LTX patients were 280 ± 703 nmol/L and 1,004 ± 1721 nmol/L, respectively (P = 0.02). There was no difference in lung bile concentrations between RP (9 ± 30 nmol/L) and LTX (11 ± 15 nmol/L, P = 0.7). Patients with delayed gastric emptying had higher lung bile concentrations (15.5 ± 18.8 nmol/L) than patients with normal gastric emptying (4.8 ± 5.7 nmol/L, P = 0.05) independently of reflux burden. Proton pump inhibitor use increased the proportion of unconjugated gastric bile acids. High lung bile concentrations were associated with an increased risk of hospitalization and longer hospital stays in RP patients (P < 0.05). DISCUSSION: Lung bile is almost universally present in symptomatic patients, and higher concentrations are associated with poorer respiratory outcomes.
Leakage Effects in the Rotor Tip-Clearance Region of a Multistage Axial Compressor: Part 2 — Numerical Modelling

Innovative measurements of tip-clearance flow for the 3rd stage rotor embedded in a four stage Low-Speed Research Compressor are presented in the companion ASME paper. Here, in Part 2, the rotor flow is numerically simulated through a Navier-Stokes solver implementing the k-e turbulence model. The 3rd stage rows are considered as discrete parts of the same computational domain and the flow in each one of them is treated as steady in the corresponding system of reference. An iterative, though loose, coupling between the rotor exit and the stator inlet is established by artificially increasing the inter-row distance. To model tip-clearance flow effects with sufficient accuracy, a two-block grid system per row is used. Comparisons with measurements published in Part 1 for the average flow quantities at the exit of both rows are presented. Row patterns close to the rotor tip-clearance region are illustrated.Copyright © 1998 by ASME
Japan's superconducting Maglev train

We have developed a Maglev train under the guidance of the Japanese Ministry of Transport. The Maglev train is an advanced train that can run more than 500 km/h with a linear synchronous motor (LSM) that has both a superconducting magnet on board and an armature coil in the ground. The Maglev train was tested on the Yamanashi Maglev test line. Tests began in 1997, which exercised various functions of performance. The main results of the tests are reported in this article.
Behavior Trees in Robot Control Systems

In this article, we provide a control-theoretic perspective on the research area of behavior trees in robotics. The key idea underlying behavior trees is to make use of modularity, hierarchies, and feedback in order to handle the complexity of a versatile robot control system. Modularity is a well-known tool to handle software complexity by enabling the development, debugging, and extension of separate modules without detailed knowledge of the entire system. A hierarchy of such modules is natural, since robot tasks can often be decomposed into a hierarchy of subtasks. Finally, feedback control is a fundamental tool for handling uncertainties and disturbances in any low-level control system, but in order to enable feedback control on the higher level, where one module decides what submodule to execute, information regarding the progress and applicability of each submodule needs to be shared in the module interfaces. We describe how these three concepts can be used in theoretical analysis, practical design, and extensions and combinations with other ideas from control theory and robotics. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems, Volume 5 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Study on the Human Behavior in Metro Fire

With the rapid development of city subway, subway disaster problems aroused people's attention. Subway fire especially priority among priorities in subway disaster. This research mainly rely on the way of questionnaire survey, conducted a statistical study on metro fire evacuation behavior. The author has carried on questionnaire investigation to the passengers of some subway station in Tianjin Metro Line 1. The author sent out 116 questionnaires, received effective questionnaires 100 copies. The questionnaire content mainly includes the basic personal information, the surrounding environment and the passenger behavior in fire condition. The author analyzes the first behavior survey of different sex, different age, different education, different frequency and different subway fire experience reaction. Management departments according to the behavioral responses of passengers improve and optimize the subway facilities and fire evacuation passage.
Resveratrol-enriched rice identical to original Dongjin rice variety with respect to major agronomic traits in different cultivation years and regions

ABSTRACT Resveratrol is synthesized by the catalysis of resveratrol synthases (RS) in a limited number of higher plants. Resveratrol shows potential health-promoting properties, including as an antioxidant and in preventing cardiovascular diseases. Recently, resveratrol-enriched rice has been produced as a novel source of resveratrol. This study aimed to investigate the major agronomic characteristics of resveratrol-enriched rice, Iksan526 (I526) and compared them with those of a nontransgenic and commercial rice variety, Dongjin (DJ). Transgene (RS) integration was confirmed using Southern blot analysis, and homologous recombination was achieved after digestion with the SacI restriction enzyme. The phenotypic traits of I526 grown in Iksan were similar to those grown in Milyang but not similar to those grown in Suwon. In Suwon, I526 had slightly earlier heading dates [i.e., number of days from sowing to heading) and shorter culm lengths. When I526 was treated with 0.4% Basta in the seedling stage, no significant difference was observed among all the agronomic traits compared with nontreated I526; particularly, the culm length, panicle length, number of panicles per hill, 1,000 grain weight of brown rice, and brown rice yield of the Basta-treated rice were similar to those of the nontreated I526, regardless of their cultivation region. The resveratrol content of I526 grown in Suwon and Milyang was increased by 18% and 37%, respectively, than that of I526 grown in the Iksan area. Therefore, DJ and I526 are not significantly different in terms of major agronomic traits depending on variety/year and variety/cultivation region. The results indicated that I526 has the potential to become a commercialized variety in the near future.
A Visual Essay on INVENTION and INNOVATION

WISDOM COMES FROM many sources, and it is a mistake to shoehorn it into preconceived packages. Such reworking may make ideas fit more easily into the shelves of our minds or the niches of a journal format. But we risk losing the opportunity for new ideas precisely because we make them fit the old mold. Here, Rolf Faste digresses from the rigidities of our traditional layout to share his insights and sketches related to innovation. It is exactly the right way to keynote this issue and begin our discussion of this critical topic.
VARIABILIDAD TEMPORAL DE LA CONCENTRACION DIARIA DE PRECIPITACIÓN EN LA ARGENTINA

En el presente estudio se analiza el comportamiento espacial y temporal de las precipitaciones mediante el índice de concentración diaria de precipitación con una resolución de 1, 5 y 10 milímetros para 24 estaciones meteorológicas en el período 1961-2018. El índice de concentración calculado con una resolución de 1 mm toma valores entre 0,58 y 0,67, sin un patrón definido de comportamiento espacial. Con resolución de 5mm y 10mm, los valores del índice disminuyen y a nivel espacial se hace notorio un gradiente norte – sur. En cuanto a la evolución de los valores de CI, la cantidad de estaciones con tendencias significativas negativas es similar a las positivas, mientras que en magnitud, son mayores en promedio las positivas. Este aumento en la concentración de la precipitación puede llegar a ser un riesgo dependiendo de la evolución de la lluvia asociada.
Voltage equaliser for Li–Fe battery

In this article, a voltage equaliser is proposed for a battery string with four Li–Fe batteries. The proposed voltage equaliser is developed from a flyback converter, which comprises a transformer, a power electronic switch and a resonant clamped circuit. The transformer contains a primary winding and four secondary windings with the same number of turns connected to each battery. The resonant clamped circuit is for recycling the energy of leakage inductance of the transformer and for performing zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of the power electronic switch. When the power electronic switch is switched on, the energy is stored in the transformer; and when the power electronic switch is switched off, the energy stored in the transformer will automatically charge the battery whose voltage is the lowest. In this way, the voltage of individual batteries in the battery string is balanced. The salient features of the proposed voltage equaliser are that only one switch is used, the energy stored in the leakage inductance of the transformer can be recycled and ZVS is obtained. A prototype is developed and tested to verify the performance of the proposed voltage equaliser. The experimental results show that the proposed voltage equaliser achieves the expected performance.
Experiences in incorporating human factors into the control centre design process

In June 2000 the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD) issued a draft method they would be using for evaluating human factors efforts in the design of offshore control centres. The method is based on the Final Draft International Standard ISO/FDIS 11064-1: Ergonomic Design of Control Centres - Part 1: Principles for the Design of Control Centres. Although the method is primarily a tool for the NPD to review human factors in the design process, it has been written to give designers a clear guidance on what they will be expected to provide, in terms of evidence and documentation of methods, to demonstrate that human factors has been properly considered in the design process. This paper outlines the method, and gives some examples of the author's experiences in carrying out human factors work to meet the requirements of the method. Although this method was developed specifically for the offshore oil environment, its principles and methods are equally applicable to any control room design project.
Compact tunable bandpass filter with wide tuning range using ring resonator and short-ended coupled lines

A tunable bandpass filter with wide tuning ranges for both the centre frequency and bandwidth is presented. The filter is based on using a ring resonator connected to a short-ended coupled-line structure. Two transmission zeros are generated in the upper stopband resulting in a sharp cutoff and harmonic suppression across a wide stopband. A thorough procedure is used to analyse the proposed filter. A prototype is fabricated and tested. The achieved results indicate a wide centre frequency and bandwidth tuning ranges of 0.52–1.42 GHz and 90–320 MHz, respectively.
Axial-flux permanent magnet motor for direct-drive elevator systems without machine room

This paper deals with design and construction of two twin prototypes of slotless axial-flux permanent-magnet motor drive jointly developed by SIMINOR Ascenseurs and the University of Rome for application in direct-drive elevator systems without machine room. Each prototype of a pulley-direct drive motor is rated 5 kW, 95 rev/min, and has shaft height of 380 mm and overall axial thickness of about 80 mm. Machine design based on unusual specification and original manufacturing solutions adopted for the proposed direct-drive elevator arrangement are discussed throughout the paper, including the leading dimensions and characteristics of the prototype motors. Finally, experimental results taken from the machine prototypes are reported.
The Impact of Training and Development on Performance of Officers of Select Public Sector Banks for Sustainable Human Development: A Study

This paper is based on an empirical (Survey) study covers only the public sector banks (PSB’s) operating in Bangalore, India and their officers regarding the impact of training and development of officers on their performance. It also explains that training and development has impact on employee’s skills, knowledge, attitudes and behavior, job performance, productivity which means the officers feel to work for the benefit of the bank if they find training and development to be for their benefit. If the subjects of the training and development were pertinent to the officer’s job interest, they find the training and development to be more interesting, innovative and work towards the benefit of the organization. The officers want to the training to be more specific towards their jobs so that they can utilize that on their jobs. Training in public sector banks is traditional in approach and normally concentrates on the improvement of operative skills, interpersonal skills, decision-making skills, or a combination of these yes, wonder of wonders, any mention of customer or customer service is absent. No wonder when one enters into a public sector bank this is what one gets to see, the employees with their heads bent down are busy with their work. The customer seems to be an intrusion to them and their institution. Nationalisation; has invariably given them an aura of a government organisation. The staff here is assured of a permanent job with benefits, and there is no incentive for customer care or high performance.Periodically, the impact of training and development programmes on the trainee’s needs to be appraised so correction, if needed, can be incorporated along the way so that every rupee spent on the programmes will have been spent productively, Hence this study “the training and development on the performance of officers of select public sector banks in Bangalore” has been taken up. The survey method has been used for this study. Data required for the research was collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data was collected from PSBs and PSB officers by administering Interview Schedules. In addition, the researcher interacted extensively with the top managements of the respondent PSBs in general to elicit their views and comments on the topic under study.