Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Properties of low-pressure electronegative plasmas contaminated with dust particles

The model for low-pressure dust-contaminated plasmas is presented. Using the model the spatial profiles of the electron, positive and negative ion densities, the electron temperature, and the dust charge distribution are obtained for different dust densities and sizes, input powers, and neutral gas pressures. A one-dimensional (1D) parallel-plate discharge geometry is considered. We assume that the discharge is bounded at x = ± L/2 by metal (or dielectric) surfaces and symmetrical with respect to midplane x=0. The discharge is in a quasistationary state, and the electric field sustaining the plasma is uniform in x direction. Basing on data from typical silanebased discharges with the highest number densities of singly charged SiH3 ions, it is assumed that the electrons, SiH3 + positive ions, SiH3 negative ions, and the dusty particles are the main species in the silane plasma with nano-sized dusty particles. The density distribution of the nanoparticles is chosen to fit that typically observed in the dusty particle growth experiments [1]. Since the dusty particles have much larger mass than the other charged and neutral particles, they are treated as immobile point masses. For all the charged particles the energy distribution functions are assumed to be Maxwellian. The ions and neutrals kept to be at the room temperature (300 K). We assume the plasma is in a quasineutral state, and positive and negative currents in the plasma balance each other 0 = Σ + − − − k d k d k e i Z n n n n , − Γ + Γ = Γ e i (1)
Dynamic theory of relativistic electrons stochastic heating by whistler mode waves with application to the Earth magnetosphere

[1] In the Hamiltonian approach, electron motion in a coherent packet of the whistler mode waves propagating along the direction of an ambient magnetic field is studied. The physical processes by which these particles are accelerated to high energy are established. Equations governing particle motion are transformed into a closed pair of nonlinear difference equations. The solutions of these equations show there exists a threshold in initial electron energy, below which electron motion is regular and above which electron motion is stochastic. Particle energy spectra and pitch angle electron scattering are described by the Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equations. A calculation of the stochastic diffusion of electrons due to a spectrum of whistler modes is presented. The parametric dependence of the diffusion coefficients on the plasma particle density, magnitude of wave field, and the strength of magnetic field is studied. It is shown that significant pitch angle diffusion occurs for the Earth radiation belt electrons with energies from a few keV up to a few MeV.
Robust quantum state transfer via topologically protected edge channels in dipolar arrays

We showhow to realise quantum state transfer between distant qubits using the chiral edge states of a two-dimensional topological spin system.Our implementation based onRydberg atoms allows to realise the quantum state transfer protocol in state-of-the-art experimental setups. In particular, we showhow to adapt the standard state transfer protocol tomake it robust against dispersive and disorder effects.
EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS RATES AND METHODS OF ZINC APPLICATION ON MAIZE YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS

A field experiment was carried out at Demo, El Fayoum Governorate during two successive seasons 2004 and 2005 to study the effect of different levels of phosphorus (0, 15, 30 and 45 P2O5/ /fed) and methods of zinc application (soil application and foliar spray), and their combination on growth characters, mineral content and yield and its components of maize plant ( Zea mays L, c.v. Single hybrid 10). The most important results could be summarized as follows: 1. Plant height, dry weight, ear weight, 100-grain weight, yield and yield components were increased significantly by increasing rate of phosphorus up to 45 kg P2O5/fed. 2. Zinc application by both methods has its positive effect on improving increasing maize yield and its components. 3. The interaction between phosphorus rates and methods of zinc application had a significant effect on grain yield /fed and yield components in both seasons. 4. In general, the highest yield and yield components were obtained when the plants received 45 kg P2O5/fed combined with zinc application as foliar spray.
etermination of multi-mycotoxins in cereals and of total fumonisins n maize products using isotope labeled internal standard and liquid hromatography / tandem mass spectrometry with positive ionization atrícia

Mycotoxins are secondary fungi metabolites present in foods that cause adverse effects in humans and animals. The aims of this work were to develop and validate a multi-mycotoxin method to determine the presence of aflatoxins, citreoviridin, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins ochratoxin A, zearalenone and some metabolites/derivatives in rice, maize-based products and wheat-based products, and a method to determine total fumonisins (free and bound/hidden forms) in maize-based products. The validated multimycotoxin method was based on extraction with acidified acetonitrile and LC-ESI+-MS/MS analysis, with LOQs ranging from 0.5 to 121 g/kg, and proved to be suitable for the multi-mycotoxin analysis in wheat, maize and rice products. Bound/hidden fumonisins were determined after extraction of the free forms using the multi-mycotoxin method, followed by a basic hydrolysis of the unextracted bound/hidden and solid-liquid extraction with low temperature purification (SLE-LTP). The hydrolysis efficiency of the bound/hidden extraction procedure was investigated by analyzing a maize reference material and showed recoveries ranging from 75% (HFB2) to 108% (HFB1). The use of isotope internal standards was crucial for mycotoxins quantification in maize meal and wheat flour, while for rice, external calibration and matrix matched curves gave satisfactory results. All 55 samples of wheat-based products analyzed were contaminated with at least one mycotoxin and 16% of 44 rice samples were also contaminated. The most prevalent mycotoxins were DON and ZON in wheat-based products. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Adaptive eigenspace regularization for inverse scattering problems

A nonlinear optimization method is proposed for inverse scattering problems in the frequency domain, when the unknown medium is characterized by one or several spatially varying parameters. The time-harmonic inverse medium problem is formulated as a PDE-constrained optimization problem and solved by an inexact truncated Newton-type method combined with frequency stepping. Instead of a grid-based discrete representation, each parameter is projected to a separate finite-dimensional subspace, which is iteratively adapted during the optimization. Each subspace is spanned by the first few eigenfunctions of a linearized regularization penalty functional chosen a priori. The (small and slowly increasing) finite number of eigenfunctions effectively introduces regularization into the inversion and thus avoids the need for standard Tikhonov-type regularization. Numerical results illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the resulting adaptive eigenspace regularization for single and multi-parameter problems, including the well-known Marmousi problem from geophysics.
J un 2 01 1 The Boundary Multiplet of N = 4 SU ( 2 ) ⊗ U ( 1 ) Gauged Supergravity on Asymptotically-AdS 5

We consider N=4 SU(2)⊗U(1) gauged supergravity on asymptotically-AdS5 backgrounds. By a near-boundary analysis we determine the boundary-dominant components of the bulk fields from their partially gauge-fixed field equations. Subdominant components are projected out in the boundary limit and we find a reduced set of boundary fields, constituting the N=2 Weyl multiplet. The residual bulk symmetries are found to act on the boundary fields as four-dimensional diffeomorphisms, N=2 supersymmetry and (super-)Weyl transformations. This shows that the on-shell N=4 supergravity multiplet yields the N=2 Weyl multiplet on the boundary with the appropriate local N=2 superconformal transformations. Building on these results we use the AdS/CFT conjecture to calculate the Weyl anomaly of the dual four-dimensional superconformal field theories in a generic bosonic N=2 conformal supergravity background.
Modeling Approach for Evaluating Radionuclide Transport in Nuclear-Stimulated Gas Reservoirs prepared

ii LIST OF FIGURES . iv LIST OF TABLES. iv LIST OF ACRONYMS . iv 1.0 INTRODUCTION . 1 2.0 CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF SUBSURFACE FLOW AND TRANSPORT. 2 3.0 MODEL FORMULATION . 3 3.1 Governing Equations . 3 4.0 SITE-SPECIFIC EXAMPLE. 5 4.1 Geology. 7 4.2 Description of Nuclear Test . 8 4.3 Boundary Conditions . 9 4.4 Input Data. 11 5.0 RESULTS OF SIMULATIONS. 13 5.1 Porous Media Simulations . 13 5.1. 1 Heterogeneous Permeability Field. 16 5.1. 2 Temperature Gradients. 27 5.1. 3 Other Radionuclides. 27 5.1. 4 Fractures with 10-m Spacing . 27 6.0 DISCUSSION. 32 6.1 Observations Specific to Rio Blanco . 32 6.2 General Observations Pertinent to all Sites . 33 7.0 CONCLUSIONS. 34 8.0 REFERENCES . 34
NETB, A NEW TOXIN RELATED TO CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS- INDUCED AVIAN NECROTIC ENTERITIS IN BROILER CHICKENS

Necrotic enteritis is well-defined as poultry disease which occures as a result of liberation of toxins from Clostridium perfringens type A, C, D, and G pathogenic strains. This study was performed to determine the prevalence rate of C.perfringens in broilers from different farms in Assiut Governorate and to examine the isolates for the existence of alpha, beta, epsilon, and netB gene. A sum of 100 intestinal specimens were compiled from diseased broiler chickens (3-6 W) which had clinical signs and post mortem lesions of Necrotic Enteritis and examined by conventional and molecular methods. C.perfringens was isolated from 52% (52/100) of the bacteriologically examined flocks. Only ten isolates among suspected isolates were examined by using uniplex and multiplex PCR. The results reported 100% positivity for cpa and netB gene in the examined isolates and neither cpb nor etx gene were detected and proved that all isolates were Clostridium perfringens type G.
Versorgung von Kopfverletzungen

Zusammenfassung Schädelhirntraumata (SHT) sind weltweit von großer sozioökonimischer Bedeutung. Sie sind die häufigste Ursache für eine langfristige Behinderung, Erwerbsunfähigkeit und Mortalität bei jungen Erwachsenen. Für eine erfolgreiche Behandlung des SHT-Patienten ist die interdisziplinäre Betreuung durch ein spezialisiertes Team von Neuro-, MKG- und Unfallchirurgen, Neuroanästhesisten, Neurointensivmedizinern, Neuroradiologen sowie HNO-Ärzten erforderlich. Pathophysiologisch werden beim SHT primäre und sekundäre Hirnschäden unterschieden. Da sekundäre Schäden potenziell vermeid- oder zumindest limitierbar sind, sind sie das Ziel neuroprotektiver Maßnahmen im intensivstationären Setting und ein Hauptgegenstand der klinischen Forschung. Dem Hirndruckmanagement kommt hierbei eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Unterschiedliche intrakranielle Blutungstypen werden anhand ihrer Ätiologie, ihres Ausbreitungsmusters und des zugrundeliegenden Pathomechanismus differenziert. Die Versorgung von SHT richtet sich nach der Schwere und dem Ausmaß des Traumas und reicht von einer ambulanten/stationären Überwachung bis zur notfallmäßigen Entlastungskraniotomie. Multicenter-Beobachtungsstudien, wie Center-TBI (Europa) oder TRACK-TBI (USA), helfen dabei, Behandlungsalgorithmen stetig zu verbessern und weiterzuentwickeln. Dabei sollten neueste Studienergebnisse eine schnelle Implementierung in internationalen Guidelines finden („living systematic reviews“). Präventiven Maßnahmen fällt zudem eine besondere Bedeutung zu, da sie ein Sicherheitsbewusstsein schaffen und somit behilflich sind, etwaigen schweren Kopfverletzungen vorzubeugen.
Efficient Wireless Power Transfer via Magnetic Resonance Coupling Using Automated Impedance Matching Circuit

In this paper, an automated impedance matching circuit is proposed to match the impedance of the transmit and receive resonators for optimum wireless power transfer (WPT). This is achieved using a 2D open-circuited spiral antenna with magnetic resonance coupling in the low-frequency ISM band at 13.56 MHz. The proposed WPT can be adopted for a wide range of commercial applications, from electric vehicles to consumer electronics, such as tablets and smartphones. The results confirm a power transfer efficiency between the transmit and receive resonant circuits of 92%, with this efficiency being sensitive to the degree of coupling between the coupled pair of resonators.
Iterated Search Problems and Blockchain Security under Falsifiable Assumptions

We put forth a new class of search problems, iterated search problems (ISP), and study their relation to the design of secure blockchain protocols. We prove that (i) the Bitcoin blockchain protocol implies a hard ISP problem, but ISP hardness is not by itself su cient to prove its security, and (ii) a suitably enhanced class of ISPs is su cient to imply, via construction, a secure blockchain protocol in the common reference string (CRS) model. We then put forth a speci c proposal for an enhanced ISP based on an underlying cryptographic hash function. The resulting blockchain protocol's security reduces to the ISP hardness of the hash-based scheme and to a computational randomness extraction property of the hash function. As a corollary, we obtain a blockchain protocol secure in the standard model under falsi able assumptions; in contrast, all previous blockchain protocols were shown secure in the random oracle model. *Research partly supported by EU Project No.780477, PRIVILEDGE.
Study on applicability of remote sensing precipitation products in hilly-plain-wetland complex area of north China

For the hilly-plain-wetland complex ecosystem in the cold region of Northeast China, in order to solve the problems which include the scarcity of surface rainfall stations and the inability to provide accurate surface precipitation for hydrological process simulation, based on the observed precipitation of rainfall stations, three remote sensing precipitation products are taken as objects of evaluation. They include TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) 3B42V7,3B42RT and CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data,CHIP). In this paper, the observation data of rainfall stations and IDWP precipitation data interpolated by IDW(Inverse Distance Weighted) are used as true value of precision comparison, and the detection accuracy of remote sensing precipitation products from 2001 to 2010 is evaluated on the time scale (day, month and quarter) and spatial scale in Naoli River Basin.The results of the study indicated that 3B42V7 and CHIP have a high detection accuracy for precipitation, and their CC(correlation coefficient) values are 0.47 and 0.49 respectively in daily time scale. The accuracy of their observationfor monthly precipitation is better than that of daily precipitation, and the CC are 0.85 and 0.87 respectively. The multi-year average precipitation at different grid positions in the basin is overestimated by 3B42RT, and its evaluation results are poor at different time scales.For the precipitation intensity range of (0,20], the observed results of 3B42V7 and rainfall station are close to each other. For the precipitation intensity ranges of (0,1) and (50,+∞), 3B42RT and CHIP have overestimated or underestimated the precipitation in different degrees. Based on the above analysis results, 3B42RT can be considered as data that can detect whether precipitation occurs on different spatial positions in the basin. 3B42V7 and CHIP can be applied to flood forecasting and non-point source pollution control in cold regions.
Preparation, Mechanical Properties, and Biocompatibility of Graphene Oxide-Reinforced Chitin Monofilament Absorbable Surgical Sutures

Chitin (CT) is a good material to prepare surgical sutures due to its conspicuous biological characteristics. However, the poor mechanical strength of pure CT sutures limits its application. In order to improve its strength, a composite monofilament absorbable suture was prepared in this study using graphene oxide and chitin (GO-CT) using a green method. FT-IR spectra showed that GO-CT contained the characteristic functional groups of GO and CT, indicating that a GO-CT suture was successfully obtained. With the addition of a small amount of GO (1.6wt% solution) in chitin, the breaking tensile strength, knot strength, and knot-pull strength of the GO-CT suture were significantly improved compared to the CT suture. The biocompatibility of the GO-CT suture in vitro was checked by tetrazolium-based colorimetric assays and no cytotoxicity to L929 cells was found. In vivo, the subcutaneous implantation of GO-CT sutures in the dorsal skin of rats found no abnormalities by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Furthermore, there were no significant changes in the gene expression of the inflammatory mediators, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, IL-17A, interferon-γ, or IL-10; however, the expression of transforming growth factor β was significantly increased in the first week. In summary, GO-CT sutures may have potential as a suture material in the clinic.
Classification of Ankle Joint Stiffness during Walking to Determine the Use of Ankle Foot Orthosis after Stroke

Categorization based on quasi-joint stiffness (QJS) may help clinicians select appropriate ankle foot orthoses (AFOs). The objectives of the present study were to classify the gait pattern based on ankle joint stiffness, also called QJS, of the gait in patients after stroke and to clarify differences in the type of AFO among 72 patients after stroke. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to classify gait patterns based on QJS at least one month before the study, which revealed three distinct subgroups (SGs 1, 2, and 3). The proportion of use of AFOs, articulated AFOs, and non-articulated AFOs were significantly different among SGs 1–3. In SG1, with a higher QJS in the early and middle stance, the proportion of the patients using articulated AFOs was higher, whereas in SG3, with a lower QJS in both stances, the proportion of patients using non-articulated AFOs was higher. In SG2, with a lower QJS in the early stance and higher QJS in the middle stance, the proportion of patients using AFOs was lower. These findings indicate that classification of gait patterns based on QJS in patients after stroke may be helpful in selecting AFO. However, large sample sizes are required to confirm these results.
Hypothalamic Regulation of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor under Stress and Stress Resilience

This review addresses the molecular mechanisms of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) regulation in the hypothalamus under stress and stress resilience. CRF in the hypothalamus plays a central role in regulating the stress response. CRF stimulates adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release from the anterior pituitary. ACTH stimulates glucocorticoid secretion from the adrenal glands. Glucocorticoids are essential for stress coping, stress resilience, and homeostasis. The activated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is suppressed by the negative feedback from glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoid-dependent repression of cAMP-stimulated Crf promoter activity is mediated by both the negative glucocorticoid response element and the serum response element. Conversely, the inducible cAMP-early repressor can suppress the stress response via inhibition of the cAMP-dependent Crf gene, as can the suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 in the hypothalamus. CRF receptor type 1 is mainly involved in a stress response, depression, anorexia, and seizure, while CRF receptor type 2 mediates “stress coping” mechanisms such as anxiolysis in the brain. Differential effects of FK506-binding immunophilins, FKBP4 and FKBP5, contribute to the efficiency of glucocorticoids under stress resilience. Together, a variety of factors contribute to stress resilience. All these factors would have the differential roles under stress resilience.
Multistakeholder Planning and Operational Strategy for Electric Vehicle Battery Swapping Stations

To have sustainable battery swapping stations (BSSs), a multistakeholder planning and operational strategy is proposed that involves BSS owners, electric vehicle (EV) drivers, and power-distributing company (DisCo) operators. A multiobjective bilevel optimization approach is used based on the flexible load linking the embedded optimization of DisCo operators and the outer optimizations of the BSS owners and EV drivers. BSS owners and EV drivers optimize their swapping and shifting visit decisions based on tradeoffs in the multiobjective framework. In addition, the strategy embeds the network-constrained allowed power decisions of DisCo operators. Case studies have been investigated such as shifting station visits, network constraints, and profit-sharing. For the Australian case scenario, cooperation between these stakeholders led to varied flexible load and power generation responses. The case studies have demonstrated the utility of the proposed multistakeholder approach.
Network Equilibrium with Activity-Based Microsimulation Models

Travel demand models and network simulation models are distinct sets of procedures that are combined and interact within the framework of regional transportation modeling systems. Conventional four-step models have numerous limitations compared with more advanced activity-based microsimulation models, primarily with respect to internal consistency and detailed behavioral realism. However, two of the remaining advantages of four-step models are an established theory and an effective set of practical rules for achieving global network equilibrium so that travel time and cost simulated in the networks exactly correspond to the demand (trip tables) generated by the model. Nonetheless, this issue remains less explored and somewhat obscure for activity-based models. These models have a more complicated analytical structure compared with four-step models, which makes it difficult to derive equilibrium conditions in a rigorous theoretical manner. In addition, implementation of an activity-based model requires microsimulation of individual outcomes in the form of “crisp” discrete choices that is very different from the summation of fractional probabilities implemented in conventional models. This paper documents the results of testing various equilibrium strategies implemented with the New York City activity-based microsimulation regional travel demand model used by the New York Metropolitan Transportation Council. The purpose of the paper is twofold. First, it is intended to outline some fundamental research directions and extensions of the network equilibrium theory to cover activity-based microsimulation models in a more rigorous way. Second, it describes realistic levels of convergence that can be achieved with activity-based microsimulation models in practice and establishes practical rules and protocols for using these types of models for different projects and policies.