Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The sensitivity of satellite microwave observations to liquid water in the Antarctic snowpack

Abstract. Surface melting on the Antarctic Ice Sheet has been monitored by satellite microwave radiometry for over 40 years. Despite this long perspective, our understanding of the microwave emission from wet snow is still limited, preventing the full exploitation of these observations to study supraglacial hydrology. Using the Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer (SMRT) model, this study investigates the sensitivity of microwave brightness temperature to snow liquid water content at frequencies from 1.4 to 37 GHz. We first determine the snowpack properties for eight selected coastal sites by retrieving profiles of density, grain size and ice layers from microwave observations when the snowpack is dry during wintertime. Second, a series of brightness temperature simulations is run with added water. The results show that (i) a small quantity of liquid water (≈0.5 kg m−2) can be detected, but the actual quantity cannot be retrieved out of the full range of possible water quantities; (ii) the detection of a buried wet layer is possible up to a maximum depth of 1 to 6 m depending on the frequency (6–37 GHz) and on the snow properties (grain size, density) at each site; (iii) surface ponds and water-saturated areas may prevent melt detection, but the current coverage of these waterbodies in the large satellite field of view is presently too small in Antarctica to have noticeable effects; and (iv) at 1.4 GHz, while the simulations are less reliable, we found a weaker sensitivity to liquid water and the maximal depth of detection is relatively shallow (<10 m) compared to the typical radiation penetration depth in dry firn (≈1000 m) at this low frequency. These numerical results pave the way for the development of improved multi-frequency algorithms to detect melt intensity and the depth of liquid water below the surface in the Antarctic snowpack.
Mitochondria in Disease Combination of angiotensin II and L - N G -nitroarginine methyl ester exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress to cause heart failure

Torre-Amione Combination of angiotensin II and L -N G -nitroarginine methyl ester exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress to cause heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 310: H667–H680, 2016. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00746. 2015. —Mito-chondrial dysfunction has been implicated as a cause of energy deprivation in heart failure (HF). Herein, we tested individual and combined effects of two pathogenic factors of nonischemic HF, inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis [with L - N G -nitroarginine methyl ester ( L -NAME)] and hypertension [with angiotensin II (AngII)], on myocardial mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and metabolic gene expression. L -NAME and AngII were administered individually and in combination to mice for 5 wk. Although all treatments increased blood pressure and reduced cardiac contractile function, the L -NAME (cid:2) AngII group was associated with the most severe HF, as characterized by edema, hypertrophy, oxidative stress, increased expression of Nppa and Nppb , and decreased expression of Atp2a2 and Camk2b . L -NAME (cid:2) AngII-treated mice exhibited robust deterioration of cardiac mitochondrial function, as observed by reduced respiratory control ratios in subsarcolemmal mitochondria and reduced state 3 levels in interﬁbrillar mitochondria for complex I but not for complex II substrates. Cardiac myoﬁbrils showed reduced ADP-sup-ported and oligomycin-inhibited oxygen consumption. Mitochondrial functional impairment was accompanied by reduced mitochondrial DNA content and activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase and complex I but increased H 2 O 2 production and tissue protein carbonyls in hearts from AngII and L -NAME (cid:2) AngII groups. Microarray analyses revealed the majority of the gene changes attributed to the L -NAME (cid:2) AngII group. Pathway analyses indicated signiﬁcant changes in metabolic pathways, such as oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial function, cardiac hypertrophy, and fatty acid metabolism in L -NAME (cid:2) AngII hearts. We conclude that L -NAME (cid:2) AngII is associated with impaired mitochondrial respiratory function and increased oxidative stress compared with either L -NAME or AngII alone, resulting in nonischemic HF.
Auxiliary Cross-Modal Common Representation Learning with Triplet Loss Functions for Online Handwriting Recognition

Common representation learning (CRL) learns a shared embedding between two or more modalities to improve in a given task over using only one of the modalities. CRL from different data types such as images and time-series data (e.g., audio or text data) requires a deep metric learning loss that minimizes the distance between the modality embeddings. In this paper, we propose to use the triplet loss, which uses positive and negative identities to create sample pairs with different labels, for CRL between image and time-series modalities. By adapting the triplet loss for CRL, higher accuracy in the main (time-series classification) task can be achieved by exploiting additional information of the auxiliary (image classification) task. Our experiments on synthetic data and handwriting recognition data from sensor-enhanced pens show an improved classification accuracy, faster convergence, and a better generalizability.
“Find Me a Dataset”: Scientiﬁc Dataset Recommendation from Method Descriptions

Much of modern science relies on public 001 datasets to develop research ideas. Finding a 002 dataset for a given task can be difﬁcult, partic-003 ularly for new researchers. We aim to improve 004 the process of dataset discovery by introduc-005 ing a system called DatasetFinder which rec-006 ommends relevant datasets given a short nat-007 ural language description of a research idea. 008 For the new task of dataset recommendation, 009 we construct an English-language dataset that 010 leverages existing annotations and compare 011 several ranking models on this dataset. We 012 also compare our proposed models against ex-013 isting commercial search engines and ﬁnd evi-014 dence that leveraging natural language descrip-015 tions improves search relevance. To encourage 016 development on this new task, we release our 017 constructed dataset and models to the public. 1 018
Learning Adaptive Control Flow in Transformers for Improved Systematic Generalization

Despite successes across a broad range of applications, Transformers have limited success in systematic generalization. The situation is especially frustrating in the case of algorithmic tasks, where they often fail to ﬁnd intuitive solutions that route relevant information to the right node/operation at the right time in the grid represented by Transformer columns. To facilitate the learning of useful control ﬂow, we propose two modiﬁcations to the Transformer architecture, copy gate and geometric attention. Our novel Neural Data Router (NDR) achieves 100% length generalization accuracy on the compositional table lookup task. NDR’s attention and gating patterns tend to be interpretable as an intuitive form of neural routing . 1
Balanced scorecard as a strategy implementation tool at Toyota east Africa limited

The balanced scorecard is a performance measurement and strategic management tool that translates an organization's mission and strategy into a balanced set of integrated performance measures. The purposes of the balanced scorecard are to guide, control and challenge an entire organization towards realizing a shared conception of the future. This study sought to determine the use of balance scorecard as a strategy implementation tool and determine the challenges of implementing the balanced scorecard at Toyota East Africa Limited. The study used a case study since the unit of analysis was one organization. Primary data was collected using an interview guide while secondary data was collected through desk research. Content analysis and descriptive analysis were employed in data analysis. The content analysis was used to analyze the interviewees’ views about the effectiveness of a balance score card as strategy implementation tool. The study further revealed that the stages of BSC implementation process at Toyota East Africa Limited include organizational BSC, divisional BSC, departmental BSC and then the individual BSC. The study also deduced that for successful implementation of the balanced scorecard, everyone must be involved and must understand the meaning and objectives, all the quadrants in BSC should be balanced, there should be well defined KPIs that are aligned to each other and staff training. The study recommends that for successful implementation of the balanced scorecard, everyone must be involved and must understand the meaning and objectives, all the stages must be aligned towards achieving the organizational objectives, all the quadrants in BSC should be balanced, there should be clear understanding of the business, objectives should be built around company strategy, there should be well defined KPIsthat are aligned to each other and staff training.
Augmenting Classic Algorithms with Neural Components for Strong Generalisation on Ambiguous and High-Dimensional Data

We augment classic algorithms with learned components to adapt them to domains currently dominated by deep learning models. Two traditional sorting algorithms with learnable neural building blocks are applied to visual data with apriori unknown symbols and rules. The models are quickly and reliably trained end-to-end in a supervised setting. Our models learn symbol representations and generalise better than generic neural network models to longer input sequences
Mandating Memory Safety: The Time is Now

Many of the vulnerabilities discovered and fixed in production code arise from highly dangerous violations of memory safety; these include use-after-frees, buffer overflows, and out-of-bounds reads/writes. Despite their more than 33-year history and the many attempts aimed at mitigating or blocking their exploitation, such vulnerabilities have remained a consistent, and sometimes worsening, threat.
HIGHLIGHTED TOPIC Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Blood Flow (cid:1) -Adrenoceptor-mediated coronary vasoconstriction is augmented during exercise in experimental diabetes mellitus

(cid:1) -Adrenoceptor-mediated coronary vasoconstriction is augmented during exercise in experimental diabetes mellitus. J Appl Physiol 97: 431–438, 2004. 2004; study tested whether (cid:1) -adrenoceptor-mediated coronary vasoconstriction is augmented during exercise in diabetes mellitus. Experiments were conducted in dogs instrumented with catheters in the aorta and coronary sinus and with a ﬂow transducer around the circumﬂex coronary artery. Diabetes was induced with alloxan monohydrate ( n (cid:2) 8, 40 mg/kg iv). Arterial plasma glucose concentration increased from 4.7 (cid:3) 0.2 mM in nondiabetic, control dogs ( n (cid:2) 8) to 21.4 (cid:3) 1.9 mM 1 wk after alloxan injection. Coronary blood ﬂow, myocardial oxygen consumption (MV˙ O 2 ), aortic pressure, and heart rate were measured at rest and during graded treadmill exercise before and after infusion of the (cid:1) -adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine (1 mg/kg iv). In untreated diabetic dogs, exercise increased MV˙ O 2 2.7-fold, coronary blood ﬂow 2.2-fold, and heart rate 2.3-fold. Coronary venous P O 2 fell as MV˙ O 2 increased during exercise. After (cid:1) -adrenoceptor blockade, exercise increased MV˙ O 2 3.1-fold, coronary blood ﬂow 2.7-fold, and heart rate 2.1-fold. Relative to untreated diabetic dogs, (cid:1) -adrenoceptor blockade signiﬁcantly decreased the slope of the relationship between coronary venous P O 2 and MV˙ O 2 . The difference between the untreated and phentolamine-treated slopes was greater in the diabetic dogs than in the nondiabetic dogs. In addition, the decrease in coronary blood ﬂow to intracoronary norepinephrine infusion was signiﬁcantly augmented in anesthetized, open-chest, (cid:4) -adrenoceptor-blocked diabetic dogs compared with the nondiabetic dogs. These ﬁndings demonstrate that (cid:1) -adrenoceptor-mediated coronary vasoconstriction is augmented in alloxan-induced diabetic dogs during physiological increases in MV˙ O 2 . coronary blood ﬂow; oxygen a Student-Newman-Keuls multiple-comparison test was performed. Linear regression analysis was used to compare the slope of the relationship between coronary venous P O 2 vs. MV˙ O 2 . Regression analyses were performed on mean values. If the slopes of the regression lines were not signiﬁcantly different ( P (cid:8) 0.05), an analysis of covariance was employed to test for differences in eleva- tion (intercept).
POSSIBLE WAY TO INCREASING OF FINITE-DIFFERENCE TIME-DOMAIN ALGORITHM EFFICIENCY

When we use pulsed input signal for finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD) there are the actual problem of computing resources reduction. Possible means to solve this problem are analyzed. Using of Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) with increased time sampling step has been considered. It is shown that there is a certain optimum value of this parameter. Scattering diagram (SD) calculation results divergence for pulsed and monochromatic input signals has been researched at broad frequency band. These results difference reasons for lower and higher frequencies are explained. Attention has been paid to the fact that number of FFT time discrete step must to correspond to defi-nite rule. It is shown how influences upon computing algorithm stability detour from this rule. Relationships between pulsed input signal duration and SD calculation accuracy for different time sampling steps has been considered.
it The Impact of Different FDI Entry Modes on Economic Growth in

 Abstract —Greenfield investment and cross-border M&A are two main FDI entry mode, different FDI entry mode on the economic growth of host country are different in literatures. In particular, some opinions suggest that the impact of cross-border M&A can promote economic growth in the countries that have Sound market and a stable institutional environment, and this relationship is not suitable for those developing countries. This paper examines the data from 11 countries in Asia between 2009 and 2015, the empirical results show that this conclusion cannot be supported either in developed or developing countries, the impact of cross-border M&A on the growth rate of GDP is not significant. This means that the countries in Asian region show a greater diversity in geopolitical, economic development, industry distribution, financial capital, etc. as the most active country in the Asian M&A market and the advocate for the Belt and Road Initiatives, china should further strengthen supervision and make industry guidance for future investment in Asia, so that both the acquirer and the target countries could benefit from
EXTRACTION OF POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUND FROM TOMATOES PEEL AS NATURAL ANTIOXIDANT TO BE KEEPING CAKE QUALITY DURING STORAGE.

Tomato peel was treated by ethanol 70% (v/v) to extract flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin, lutolin, narginine and rutin) and phenolic acids (P-coumaric, ferulic and chlorgenic acids) were identified by paper charomatographic technique. Natural and synthetic (butylated hydroxyanisol, BHA) antioxidants exhibited strong and close antioxidative activities 85.85 and 92.60%, respectively. The tomato peel extract and BHA were added to sunflower oil at levels 100, 150 and 250 ppm to keep its quality during heating at 180 0 C for 32 hours. Moreover, the natural and synthetic antioxidants were added to cake made up by sunflower oil at the same levels. Cake was stored at room temperature for four weeks and the lipids were extracted every four days. The results showed that the addition of tomato peel extract as natural antioxidant to sunflower oil and cake delayed the lipid peroxidation during heating oil and storage of cake.
Internal combustion engine with thermochemical recuperation fed by ethanol steam reforming products - feasibility study

This research analyses the performance of a spark ignition engine fueled by ethanol steam reforming products. The basic concept involves the use of the internal combustion engine's (ICE) waste heat to promote onboard reforming of ethanol. The reformer and the engine performance were simulated and analyzed using GT-Suite, Chem CAD and Matlab software. The engine performance with different compositions of ethanol reforming products was analyzed, in order to find the optimal working conditions of the ICE - reformer system. The analysis performed demonstrated the capability to sustain the endothermic reactions in the reformer and to reform the liquid ethanol to hydrogen-rich gaseous fuel using the heat of the exhaust gases. However, the required reformer's size is quite large: 39 x 89 x 73 cm, which makes a feasibility of its mounting on board a vehicle questionable. A comparison with ICE fed by gasoline or liquid ethanol doesn't show a potential of efficiency improvement, but can be considered as a tool of additional emissions reduction.
QUANTIFYING ALTERNATIVE SPLICING FROM PAIRED-END RNA-SEQ DATA

In Figure 4(d) of Rossell et al. (2014) (Section 4.3), we followed the standard pipeline for BitSeq and used the bowtie aligner (versus Tophat for the other methods, casper, Cufflinks and BitSeq). The BitSeq authors noted that we used the bowtie1 version, which gave very low mapping rates (<2% aligned reads in both samples). Figure 1 below uses bowtie2, which gives mapping rates >70% (the MAD between replicates also drops, from 0.098 to 0.062). We thank the Bitseq authors for alerting us to bowtie2.
Monoclonal Antibodies to the L1210 Murine Leukemia Cell Line and to a Drug-altered Subline

A panel of murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) was produced by fusing NS-O myeloma cells with spleen cells of a BALB/c x DBA/2 F, mouse hyperimmunized against a highly immunogenic subline of the L1210 leukemia obtained by in vivo treatment of the L1210 parental line with the antitumor drug 5-(3,3'-dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide(DTIC). Among the 52 MAbs produced 16 (anti-D) were specifically cytotoxic in a complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay for the drug-altered subline and the others (anti-L) also cross-reacted with the L1210 parental leukemia. Six anti-D and three anti-L MAbs were selected for detailed studies of tissue specficity. In quantitative absorption experiments the antigens defined by these antibodies could not be detected on cells from normal mouse tissues (lung, liver, kidney, heart, spleen, and thymus). The reactivities of both anti-D and anti-L MAbs against a panel of L1210/DTIC sublines obtained at different times were assayed. The results showed that the antigenic specificities defined by anti-L MAbs were expressed on almost every L1210/DTIC subline while the anti-D MAbs detected antigenic structures specific for the L1210/DTIC used for the immunization. None of the MAbs tested cross-reacted with the L5178Y lymphoma or with its DTIC-altered sublines.Thefailure of anti-D MAbs to cross-react with cells from other L1210/DTIC sublines supports the hypothesis that the immunological alterations induced by the DTIC treatment are the consequence of mutagenic activity of the drug. On the other hand the presence of anti-L antigens on the cells of every L1210 subline indicates that the DTIC alteration is not accompanied by a loss of the tumor-associated antigen from the L1210 leukemia.
Surface Morphology of a Microplastic as an Indicator of Its Microscale Degradation

Abstract Most of the plastic produced, being one-use plastic packaging, is finally disposed of into the environment. Several agents such as solar radiation, mechanical forces, and microbial action may enable the degradation of these plastics. The purpose of this article is to present a method for studying the properties of a surface of a microplastic particle affected by erosion at the microscale level, which occurred with the help of destructive forces associated with the impact of the sea. The results of analysis of the morphology of the tested sample of microplastic (consisting of poly(propylene)) allowed observing how it was degraded. Examining the surface of a microplastic, one can analyze a number of factors as well as determine the possible path the material has traveled until it was collected as a sample. By determining the scale of the patterns, it is possible to estimate how long the sample and other microplastics present in marine environments have been there. The use of an Atomic Force Microscope not only allows the surface of the sample to be imaged in a non-destructive manner but also enables the degree of degradation to be calculated mathematically, provided a baseline is established from which erosion can be assumed to have originated.
Apprenticeship in decay? Sweden 1940 – 1965 1

Introduction The development of vocational education and training (VET) in Sweden from the early 1940’s to the early 1960’s is something of a paradox. Already in the interwar years, strong and stable labour market organisations had developed in the form of a strong trade union organisation, the Landsorganisationen or LO, as well as a powerful employers’ federation, or SAF. In vocational training research it is well-established that the existence of such strong organisations tends to coincide with a VET system that is dominated by apprenticeship training (McCoshan et al. 2008). In fact, the Swedish VET system was clearly heading in such a direction in the 1940s’ but according to the established historiography the development took a completely new turn during the 1950s’ (Olofsson & Wadensjö 2011; see also Marklund 1983). In this paper, that interpretation is challenged. Based on preliminary findings from an on-going research project it is suggested that apprenticeship-based vocational education and training continued to play a significant role until the end of the 1960s’. The story ends here. The subsequent development, after the reformation of the VET system in 1971, is not put in question. There can be little doubt that by that time, apprenticeship was dispatched into a very marginal role and full-time school-based vocational education became completely dominant.
CALL FOR PAPERS Ion Channels and Transporters in Lung Function and Disease Carvedilol binding to (cid:2) 2 -adrenergic receptors inhibits CFTR-dependent anion secretion in airway epithelial cells

Carvedilol binding to (cid:2) 2 -adrenergic receptors inhibits CFTR-dependent anion secretion in airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 310: L50–L58, 2016. functions as a nonse-lective (cid:2) -adrenergic receptor (AR)/ (cid:3) 1 -AR antagonist that is used for treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Carvedilol has been shown to function as an inverse agonist, inhibiting G protein activation while stimulating (cid:2) -arrestin-dependent signaling and inducing receptor desensitization. In the present study, short-circuit current ( I sc ) measurements using human airway epithelial cells revealed that, unlike (cid:2) -AR agonists, which increase I sc , carvedilol decreases basal and 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)adenosine 3 = ,5 = -cyclic monophosphate-stimulated current. The decrease in I sc resulted from inhibition of the cystic ﬁbrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The carvedilol effect was abolished by pretreatment with the (cid:2) 2 -AR antagonist ICI-118551, but not the (cid:2) 1 -AR antagonist atenolol or the (cid:3) 1 -AR antagonist prazosin, indicating that its inhibitory effect on I sc was mediated through interactions with apical (cid:2) 2 -ARs. However, the carvedilol effect was blocked by pretreatment with the microtubule-disrupting compound nocodazole. Furthermore, immunocytochemistry experiments and measurements of apical CFTR expression by Western blot analysis of biotinylated membranes revealed a decrease in the level of CFTR protein in monolayers treated with carvedilol but no signiﬁcant change in monolayers treated with epinephrine. These results demonstrate that carvedilol binding to apical (cid:2) 2 -ARs inhibited CFTR current and transepithelial anion secretion by a mechanism involving a decrease in channel expression in the apical membrane.