Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Promoting LPG, clean woodburning cookstoves or both? Climate change mitigation implications of integrated household energy transition scenarios in rural Mexico

This study examines the expected mitigation of greenhouse gases ( GHG ) and black carbon emissions associated with the transition from traditional biomass to clean fuels and clean woodburning cookstoves ( CCS ) in the Mexican residential sector for the period 2014 – 2030. We developed a spatial-explicit model at a county level to understand the GHG trade-offs associated with different spatial-temporal CCS and clean fuels dissemination strategies. A business as usual ( BAU ) and three alternative scenarios with different targets for CCS and LPG dissemination were constructed. Results show that a scenario focusing exclusively on a fast LPG-penetration does not deliver the largest GHG bene ﬁ ts, as there is substantial stacking with traditional open ﬁ res. On the contrary, the combination of CCS plancha-type stoves disseminated in regions with high non-renewable fuelwood harvesting ( fNRB ) together with LPG, allows minimizing of stacking with traditional ﬁ res and provide the largest bene ﬁ ts. Also, different scenarios result in contrasting spatial distribution of target counties and mitigation bene ﬁ ts, and therefore have important public policy implications. Cumulative mitigation ranged from 50 MtCO 2 e to 126.3 MtCO 2 e , depending on the scenario, representing from 14% to 35% of BAU emissions, and up to 11% of projected country GHG emissions to 2030. A sensitivity analysis also showed that despite the variation across three of the main variables affecting GHG ’ s emissions, the CCS-fNRB-LPG scenario remains the most effective and the high LPG penetration scenario remains the most unfavorable. The study helped to identify 200 high-priority municipalities ( 8% of total ) located in the Center-South of Mexico encompassing 30% national FW consumption, 31% total FW users, and 55% of total GHG mitigation. In these high-priority counties a win – win policy in terms of social, health and environmental objectives may be achieved in the short-term, improving the ef ﬁ cacy of public policies related to GHG mitigation, universal access to
Differentially regulated ortholog analysis demonstrations that early transcriptional responses to cold have diverged slowly than downstream responses in panicoid grasses

Cross species comparisons of gene transcriptonal regulation have the potential to identify both genes where transcriptional regulation is functionally constrained as well as genes where a change in transcriptional regulation correlates with a change in phenotype. Conventional differential gene expression analysis and a different approach based on identifying differentially regulated orthologs (DROs) are compared using paired time course gene expression data from two species which respond similarly to cold – maize (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) . Both approaches suggest that, for genes conserved at syntenic positions for millions of years, the majority of cold responsive transcriptional regulation is species specific, although early transcriptional responses to cold appear to be more conserved between the two species than later responses. In maize, the promoters of genes with both species specific and conserved trancriptional responses to cold tend to contain more MNase hypersensitive sites in their promoters, a proxy for open chromatin. However, genes with conserved patterns of transcriptional regulation between the two specific show lower Ka/Ks ratios consistent with this population of genes experiencing stronger purifying selection. We hypothesize that cold responsive transcriptional regulation is a fast evolving and largely neutral molecular phenotype for the majority of genes in grasses, while a smaller core set of genes involved in perceiving and responding to cold stress are subject to functionally constrained cold responsive regulation.
SECURE DIGITAL PAYMENT TRANSACTION USING FACE RECOGNITION

: The danger of exchange coordinated out or pernicious programming (malware)- based assaults or unlawful utilization of innovation is huge and developing; simultaneously web based banking gets increasingly well known. Prior, during making any web-based installment or making any web based banking related exchanges, the technique used to finish an exchange was with One-Time-Passwords as well as passwords, which were sent on the end clients enlisted versatile number or email address which were connected with his financial balance. Monetary misfortune might be one of the outcomes assuming that certifications or qualifications connected gadgets get taken. In numerous conventions, the exchange data isn't gotten as expected. The proposed "Validation of Digital Payment utilizing Face Recognition" depends on the face acknowledgment procedure on installment door. This framework wipes out the One-Time-Password and secret word based exchanges with Face acknowledgment framework. Whenever face acknowledgment verification is utilized, parodying or faking of face comes into picture. As in face acknowledgment, faking should be possible by showing photo (printed copy) or video before the confirming gadget. Considering these faking or parodying strategies, the framework additionally utilizes Face ridiculing calculations to conquer these issues. Utilizing this we can finish fruitful exchange by checked regular individual such that it is demonstrated to the executing party, that the exchange was as a matter of fact started and affirmed by a distinguished normal individual.
Super Resolution with Interpolation-based Method: A Review

-Image Super Resolution (SR) is a method that was quickly developed and updated nowadays. Image SR can be done different methods such as interpolation-based methods, reconstruction-based methods, and example learning-based methods. Interpolation-based methods in SR is also a great topic of interest in many researchers throughout the world since it can be easily derived from previous work to accommodate any desired outcomes and relatively low computational costs compared to other methods. In this paper, we reviewed 17 different literatures on the developments and the updates of the interpolation-based methods in SR. The reviewed literatures are from journal articles such IEEE Transactions, IEEE Access and conference proceedings such as IEEE INMIC. The performance of these reviewed methods were mostly evaluated by measuring the output HR image quality such as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Method (SSIM) values and also the computational costs of the proposed methods such as the run time. Even though many interpolation-based SR methods were proposed throughout the years, there is still the need to further develop this method since there are some improvements can be made in order to produce a good HR image from a LR image such as the edges structure, issues with artifacts, and textural quality of the image.
Progress in Scale-Resolving Simulations with the DLR-TAU Code

This paper provides an overview of the recent development of scale-resolving simulation methods in the DLR-TAU code for flow simulations near the border of the flight envelope. On the numerical side, a hybrid low-dissipation low-dispersion discretization scheme is presented that allows for accurate wall-resolved and wall-modelled LES computations and is shown to provide satisfying hybrid RANS/LES predictions of a Delta wing flow on a unstructured mesh. In the field of physical modelling, the grey-area issue of non-zonal hybrid RANS/LES is addressed through a vorticity-sensitive sub-grid filter scale which is shown to improve the prediction of a backward-facing step flow. Moreover, an embedded-LES functionality based on the Synthetic Eddy Method is implemented in TAU and applied to a complex multi-element airfoil flow.
Circulation-regulated impacts of aerosol pollution on urban heat island in Beijing

Abstract. Unprecedented urbanization in China has led to serious urban heat island (UHI) issues, exerting intense heat stress on urban residents. Based on the observed temperature and PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing over 2016–2020, we find diverse influences of aerosol pollution on urban heat island intensity (UHII) under different circulations. When northerly winds are prevalent in urban Beijing, UHII tends to be much higher in both daytime and nighttime and it is less affected by aerosol concentrations. However, when southerly and westerly winds are dominant in rural Beijing, UHII is significantly reduced by aerosol pollution. Using coupled aerosol-radiation weather simulations, we demonstrate the underlying physical mechanism which is associated with local circulation and resulting spatial distribution of aerosols. Our results also highlight the role of black carbon in aggravating UHI, especially during nighttime. It could thus be targeted for cooperative management of heat islands and aerosol pollution.
Representation Alignment in Neural Networks

It is now a standard for neural network representations to be trained on large, publicly available datasets, and used for new problems. The reasons for why neural network representations have been so successful for transfer, however, are still not fully understood. In this paper we show that, after training, neural network representations align their top singular vectors to the targets. We investigate this representation alignment phenomenon in a variety of neural network architectures and find that (a) alignment emerges across a variety of different architectures and optimizers, with more alignment arising from depth (b) alignment increases for layers closer to the output and (c) existing high-performance deep CNNs exhibit high levels of alignment. We then highlight why alignment between the top singular vectors and the targets can speed up learning and show in a classic synthetic transfer problem that representation alignment correlates with positive and negative transfer to similar and dissimilar tasks.
In situ measurements of meltwater flow through snow and firn in the accumulation zone of the SW Greenland Ice Sheet

Abstract. The Greenland Ice Sheet is losing mass, part of which is caused by increasing runoff. The location of the runoff limit, the highest elevation from which meltwater finds its way off the ice sheet, plays an important role in the surface mass balance of the ice sheet. The recently observed rise in runoff area might be related to an increasing amount of refreezing: ice layer development in the firn reduces vertical percolation and promotes lateral runoff. To investigate meltwater flow near the runoff limit in the accumulation zone on the southwestern Greenland Ice Sheet, we carried out in situ measurements of hydrological processes and properties of firn and snow. The hydraulic conductivity of icy firn in pre-melt conditions measured using a portable lysimeter ranges from 0.17 to 12.8 m h−1, with flow predominantly occurring through preferential flow fingers. Lateral flow velocities of meltwater on top of the near-surface ice slab, measured at the peak of the melt season by salt dilution and tracer experiments, range from 1.3 to 15.1 m h−1. With these lateral flow velocities, the distance between the slush limit, the highest elevation where liquid water is visible on the ice sheet surface, and the runoff limit could be roughly 4 km in regions where near-surface ice slabs are present. These measurements are a first step towards an integrated set of hydrological properties of firn on the SW Greenland Ice Sheet and show evidence that meltwater runoff may occur from elevations above the visible runoff area.
Evidence Based Library and Information Practice Using Evidence in Practice Evidence Based Practice for Virtual Reality Spaces and Services: A Service Design Case Study

2020 Rossmann and Young. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons‐Attribution‐Noncommercial‐Share Alike License 4.0 International (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly attributed, not used for commercial purposes, and, if transformed, the resulting work is redistributed under the same or similar license to this one.
Digital Innovation and Organizational Culture: The Case of a Digital Innovation and Organizational Culture: The Case of a Danish Media Company Danish Media Company

In this study, we investigate the relationship between organizational culture and digital innovation, with a particular focus on understanding firms’ abilities to achieve a balance between stability and flexibility. On the background of an in-depth case study of the development of a digital news service in one of the largest media companies in Denmark, we rely on the widely used Competing Values Framework and the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument to identify the dominant organizational culture as a basis for understanding the challenges of transforming the company by using digital technology to innovate existing product and service offerings. Our study shows that the digital news service and the emerging work practices associated with it were negatively influenced by an imbalance towards the control-oriented dominant culture of the company, leading to limited heterogeneity within the innovation network and the digital innovation processes. The article contributes to the body of knowledge on digital innovation by investigating how organizational culture influence a firm’s ability to engage in digital innovation. Implications for both practitioners and researchers are discussed.
Dynamic analysis of wind turbines including nacelle–tower–foundation interaction for condition of incomplete structural parameters

Considering the complexity structure of wind turbines, it is difficult to establish an accurate model for wind turbines. This article proposed an improved model based on the vibration signal analysis to investigate the onshore wind turbine dynamic behavior. The model is formulated using the Euler–Lagrangian approach in which the dynamic interaction effects between the nacelle and the tower and the effects between the tower and the foundation are considered. The nacelle is assumed as a mass with 2 degrees of freedom at the top of a flexible tower. And the tower is considered as a beam with elastic end support. The foundation stiffness can influence the dynamic response of wind turbines due to the soft soils surrounding the tower base. A rotational spring and a lateral spring derived from the foundation are used to reflect the interaction between the tower and the foundation. Finally, a comparison with existing National Renewable Energy Laboratory 5-MW baseline wind turbine model is performed. And a field experiment has been implemented to validate the model. The vibration signal of the nacelle and the tower is analyzed to determine the model parameters. Results show that the proposed model is accurate and practical for dynamic property analysis of wind turbine.
Inhibition of the Interferon- g /Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT) Pathway by Hypermethylation at a STAT-binding Site in the p21 WAF1 Promoter Region 1

Expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 WAF1 can be up-regulated by activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins in response to IFN- g . In this study, we examined CpG methylation at the p21 WAF1 promoter region in rhabdomyosarcomas (RMSs) using Southern blot analysis with the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme Hpa II. Sis-inducible element (SIE)-1, a STAT-respon-sive element located upstream of the p21 WAF1 CpG island, was completely methylated at an internal CpG in 13 of 26 (50%) primary RMS tumors and 2 of 5 RMS cell lines. In contrast, all normal tissues examined showed a partial methylation pattern at SIE-1. Complete methylation within SIE-1 strongly correlated with decreased p21 WAF1 mRNA expression in RMS. We further studied the effects of SIE-1 hypermethylation on p21 WAF1 induction by STAT activation. CpG methylation within SIE-1 significantly inhibited binding of activated STAT1 in electrophoretic mo- bility shift assays and abrogated STAT-mediated transcription activation in response to IFN- g in luciferase reporter gene assays. Activation of STAT1 in response to IFN- g resulted in increased p21 WAF1 expression and growth suppression in RMS cells containing unmethylated SIE-1 but failed to induce p21 WAF1 or growth inhibition in RD and A673 cells, both of which were completely methylated within SIE-1. However, demethylation at SIE-1, induced by a demethylating agent 5-aza-2 * -deoxycytidine, reactivated p21 WAF1 expression and restored the responsiveness to IFN- g in RD cells. Our results indicate a mechanism by which altered DNA methylation in the p21 WAF1 promoter region, by precluding STAT1 binding to SIE-1, directly inhibits the p21 WAF1 induction and cell growth regulation through the IFN- g /STAT signaling pathway in RMS cells. obtained by incubating 40 m g of CsCl-purified plasmid DNA with 100 units Sss I CpG methylase (New England BioLabs) and S -adenosylmethionine according to the manufacturer’s instruc-tions. The constructs were then precipitated by ethanol and resuspended in 1 3 Tris-EDTA. Complete CpG methylation of the plasmid DNA was confirmed by Hpa II digestion and gel electrophoresis. The final concentration of the methylated plasmids was determined by comparing to the CsCl-purified pGL3-U12 and pGL3-basic by electrophoresis in an ethidium bromide-stained agarose gel. Twenty-four h prior to transfection, approximately 1 3 10 5 cells HeLa cells (ATCC) cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Life Technologies, Inc.) were plated in 12-well culture plates. Cells were transfected with 2 m g of pGL3 reporter plasmid and 50 ng of the pSEAP control plasmid (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA) using Transfast (Promega) in a 1:1 ratio. Forty-eight h after transfection, the medium was removed, and cells were the production of the formazan in cells using absorbance at significant differences in proliferation rate were found between and g
Efficient Communication Protocols for Improving Performance Optimization in Wireless Sensor and Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

In today's era the key challenge in wireless sensor network protocol designs is to provide energy efficient communication, as most of the nodes in sensor networks have limited battery power and it is not feasible to recharge or replace the batteries. The concept of wireless is not new. When the packet switching technology, the fabric of the Internet was introduced by the Department of Defense, the ARPANET ,it understood the potential of packet switched radio technology to interconnect mobile nodes . The DARPA around early 70's helped establish the base of ad hoc wireless networking. Wireless Ad hoc Networks since then is a fast developing research area with a vast spectrum of applications. As we know that the popularity of Wireless Sensor Networks have increased tremendously due to the vast potential of the sensor networks to connect the physical world with the virtual world. Since these devices rely on battery power and may be placed in hostile environments replacing them becomes a tedious task. Thus, improving the energy of these networks becomes important.
Problems and prospects of maskless (B)EUV lithography

Based on the analysis of the simplest circuit with a two-mirror objective, the potential performance of the lithographic process of a Maskless X-ray lithographer (MLXL) with a Xe X-ray source at a wavelength of 11.2 nm is consider. It is shown that at a laser power of 1 kW the performance of the lithographer may reach of 22 wafers with a diameter of 300 mm per hour. The main factors that affect the performance are analyzed, and directions for optimization MLXL optical circuit are discussed. Experimental results of studying the roughness and the surface shape, and the Mo / Si multilayer mirror reflectance deposited onto the surface of a commercially available micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) with a pixel size of 8 μm are presented. The reflection coefficient at a wavelength of 13.5 nm was about 3%. The reasons of low reflectance are discussed. The conclusion is that at the moment the creation of MEMS with improved characteristics is the key problem, the solution of which depends MLXL prospects.
Using Visual Analytics to Discover Bot Traffic

With the advance of technology, the Internet has become a medium tool used for many malicious activities. The presence of bot traffic has increased greatly that causes significant problems for businesses and organisations, such as spam bots, scraper bots, distributed denial of service bots and adaptive bots that aim to exploit the vulnerabilities of a website. Discriminating bot traffic against legitimate flash crowds remains an open challenge to date.In order to address the above issues and enhance security awareness, this thesis proposes an interactive visual analytics system for discovering bot traffic. The system provides an interactive visualisation, with details on demand capabilities, which enables knowledge discovery from very large datasets. It enables an analyst to understand comprehensive details without being constrained by large datasets. The system has a dashboard view to represent legitimate and bot traffic by adopting Quadtree data structure and Voronoi diagrams. The main contribution of this thesis is a novel visual analytics system that is capable of discovering bot traffic.This research conducted a literature review in order to gain systematic understanding of the research area. Furthermore, the research was conducted by utilising experiment and simulation approaches. The experiment was conducted by capturing website traffic, identifying browser fingerprints, simulating bot attacks and analysing mouse dynamics, such as movements and events, of participants. Data were captured as the participants performed a list of tasks, such as responding to the banner. The data collection is transparent to the participants and only requires JavaScript to be activated on the client side. This study involved 10 participants who are familiar with the Internet. To analyse the data, Weka 3.6. 10 was used to perform classification based on a training dataset. The test dataset of all participants was evaluated using a built-in decision tree algorithm. The results of classifying the test dataset were promising, and the model was able to identify ten participants and six simulated bot attacks with an accuracy of 86.67%. Finally, the visual analytics design was formulated in order to assist an analyst to discover bot presence.
Matlab / simulink based study of photovoltaic cells / modules / array and their experimental verification

A Matlab-Simulink based simulation study of PV cell/PV module/PV array is carried out and presented in this paper. The simulation model makes use of basic circuit equations of PV solar cell based on its behaviour as diode and comprehensive behavioural study is performed under varying conditions of solar insolation, temperature, varying diode model parameters, series and shunt resistance etc. The study is helpful in outlining the principle and intricacies of PV cell/modules and may be used to verify the impact of different topologies and control techniques on the performance of different types of PV systems. The PV module/Array performance is immensely marred by shading effect and its P-V characteristics exhibit multiple maxima. The Matlab/simulink based study therefore also points out significance of locating maximum power point for a given Module/Array. An experimental verification is also carried out in the lab by developing a PC based data acquisition system, which is also briefly discussed. Copyright © 2010 International Energy and Environment Foundation - All rights reserved.