Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simple adaptive first‐order PMD compensator using a Faraday rotator and a variable DGD element

A two‐degree‐of‐freedom (DOF) polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensator has been developed to cancel the effects of first‐order PMD. The compensator comprises of a Faraday rotator (FR) and a dynamically varying crystal differential‐group‐delay (DGD) element. Because of the reduced number of control parameters, the compensator potentially possesses the desirable features of simple control, fast response, and cost saving. Principle of operation is validated by theoretical analysis and successful automatic PMD compensation is achieved in a 40 Gbit/s nonreturn‐to‐zero (NRZ) system. The compensator increased the average DGD allowed from less than 23% per bit‐slot for the uncompensated case to 42% at an outage probability of 10−4. Fast response of the compensator is also observed. The optimum setting of the compensator can be found in about 10 nregulating steps for all PMD emulator (PMDE) setting. These features allow the effective mitigation of the first‐order PMD effects within an optical fiber channel. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2417–2420, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23669
Electronically controlled heat sink for high-power laser diodes

We report on a novel electronically controlled active heat sink for high-power laser diodes offering unparalleled capacity in high-heat flux handling and temperature control. The heat sink receives diode waste heat at high flux and transfers it at reduced flux to environment, coolant fluid, heat pipe, or structure. Thermal conductance of the heat sink is electronically adjustable, allowing for precise control of diode temperature and the diode light wavelength. When pumping solid-state or alkaline vapor lasers, diode wavelength can be precisely temperature-tuned to the gain medium absorption features. This paper presents the heat sink physics, engineering design, and performance modeling.
Account of heat convection by Rayleigh streaming in the description of wave amplitude growth and stabilization in a standing wave thermoacoustic prime-mover.

This study focuses on the transient regime of wave amplitude growth and stabilization occuring into a standing wave thermoacoustic engine. Experiments are performed on a standing wave thermoacoustic oscillator. They show that the transient regime leading to steady state sound exhibits complicated dynamics, like the systematic overshoot of wave amplitude before its final stabilization, and the spontaneous and periodic switch on/off of the thermoacoustic instability at constant heat power supply. A simplified model is presented which describes wave amplitude growth from the coupled equations governing thermoacoustic amplification and unsteady heat transfer. In this model, the assumption of a one-dimensional temperature profile is retained and the equations describing heat transfer through the thermoacoustic core are coupled to that describing wave amplitude growth. These equations include the simplified description of two processes saturating wave amplitude growth, i.e. thermoacoustic heat pumping by acoust.
Ultra-low voltage CMOS current-mode four-quadrant multiplier

A novel configuration of a four-quadrant current multiplier is introduced in this paper. The realisation is achieved through the utilisation of the voltage translinear principle; the derived topology simultaneously offers the attractive benefits of ultra-low voltage operation and reduced DC power dissipation, in comparison with the corresponding already published multipliers. The above have been achieved without increasing the circuit complexity. The behaviour of the multiplier has been evaluated through simulation results, using the Analog Design Environment and the design kit provided by the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company 180 nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor process.
La teoría de agencia: el doble rol y su impacto en la acreditación de los institutos profesionales y centros de formación técnica en Chile

The present study aims to analyze, from the agency theory, the impact of the dual role phenomenon in the accreditation of professional institutes (PI) and technical training centers (TTC) in Chile. Using a mixed and exploratory research approach, an inspection is performed on the accreditation opinions of 24 PIs and 18 TTCs, which represents 62% of Chile’s professional technical subsystem. The results show evidence of a dual role in seven institutions (17%), which average 2.1 years of accreditation, a comparatively lower result than that observed in the other accredited institutions assessed. Twelve quantitative institutional accreditation variables are analyzed, verifying that, the observance of a dual role together with four other variables, constitute significant components when explaining the accreditation years of PIs and TTCs in Chile. It is concluded that the PI and TTC dual role phenomenon is a component that leads to tensions and does not guarantee an adequate separation of functions (management and property), which negatively impacts their accreditations.
The epidemiological characteristics and profile of drug-resistant tuberculosis among children with tuberculosis in Sichuan, China, 2015–2018

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and profile of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) among children with TB in Sichuan province of China. From January 2015 to December 2018, microbiological culture-confirmed child TB cases (aged <15 years old) were enrolled retrospectively. Epidemiological and clinical information from these cases, and the drug susceptibility testing results of the isolates were collected and analyzed. Of 317 culture-confirmed child TB cases, 16.7% (53/317) were aged under 5 years old. 54.9% were Tibetans, and 31.9% had clear history of contact with TB patients. More than half (53.9%) were not vaccinated by Calmette–Guérin bacillus (BCG). Thirty percent (n = 95) were diagnosed as severe TB, and 92.4% (n = 293) were new cases. The ratio of severe TB in BCG vaccinated group was significant lower than that observed in unvaccinated group (P < .01). Significantly higher proportion of severe TB among Tibetans than Han child TB cases was observed in BCG unvaccinated group (P < .01). The overall rate of DR-TB in this study was 24.3% (77/317) and 17 multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases were identified with rate of MDR-TB at 5.4% (17/317). No extensively drug-resistant case was found. Thirteen out of 17 MDR-TB cases (76.4%) were Tibetan children. The ratio of any resistance to 4 first-line drugs identified were: isoniazid (INH), 15.5%; rifampicin (RIF), 9.1%; ethambutol, 0.6% and streptomycin, 6.0%, respectively. More than half of MDR patterns were resistant to INH + RIF (9/17), followed by at least resistance to INH + RIF + streptomycin (n = 7). This was the first investigation on the epidemiological characteristics and profiles of DR-TB among child TB cases in Southwest of China. Our findings indicated a potentially high risk of TB infection to Tibetan children in the concentrated Tibetan communities of Sichuan.
Research on Dynamic Conducted EMI Characteristics of Electric Drive System in Electric Vehicles

This paper represents the conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) characteristics of the electric drive system in electric vehicles, based on the typical vehicle driving circles. Firstly, the typical vehicle driving circles are introduced, such as Economic Commission of Europe-15 (ECE-15), Extra Urban Driving Cycle (EUDC) and so on. Also, the relationships between motor speed, torque and vehicle speed are calculated according to the mechanical properties of the vehicle. Then, the simulation and experiment platforms are established considering the motor speed and torque as reference inputs. Finally, the dynamic EMI of power electronics device switching processes, system dynamic differential mode (DM) and common mode (CM) EMI are analyzed through the simulation and experiment results.
Correction [to "The compensated current comparator; A new reference standard for current-transformer calibrations in industry"]

The compensated current comparator combines in one device the high ratio accuracy of the three winding ratio transformer or current comparator with the energy-transfer properties of a normal current transformer. Its ratio error is very small and so independent of the energy-transfer function that it can be operated at very high burden. Even negative burdens may be imposed, and, when operated in this mode, the device fulfils the functions of a high-current primary supply transformer. As such, it is highly suited to in situ calibrations in industry. Construction details of a multiratio compensated current comparator, covering all normally encountered ratios from 5/5 to 1200/5, are given. Its ratio accuracy, for burdens up to 750 va, is better than five parts per million. A test set, for use in calibrating current transformers up to errors of one per cent and 100 minutes, is also described. The set employs three conductance and three capacitance decades, with a three-position range switch, and is direct reading.
An Analytical Modeling Framework for Primary Lateral-Load–Resisting Unreinforced Masonry Walls

This paper investigates an analytical modeling framework for the primary lateral-load–resisting walls, including out-of-plane effects, in unreinforced masonry (URM) building structures. Integral to each URM wall model with door and window perforations is a macro-element that represents each solid masonry panel within the structure. The macro-element consists of multiple discrete elements for modeling different characteristics of URM wall behavior, including sliding, rocking, and diagonal tension/compression. Validation of the model is conducted through comparison of the analytical predictions with observed behavior from previous tests available in the literature. The simplicity of the macro-element modeling approach, together with its material/geometry-based ability to predict URM behavior, permits the extension of this framework to a wide range of analyses (e.g., numerous ground motion records, variable material properties, diverse geometrical features, and building layouts) to support a semiautomatic seismic assessment for URM typologies.
Molecular Similarity Relating to a Peptide Sequence Common toAngiotensin II (ANGII) and SARS-Cov2 S-Protein

The affinity of SARS-CoV2 (Cv19) envelope proteins for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) facilitates infection of human cells [1]. ACE2 cell receptors are present within several organ systems and expression in lung tissues (elevated in chronic smokers) increases significantly in airways epithelial cells infect - ed with SARS-CoV [2]. There is 80% genome sequence identity between SARS-CoV2 and SARS-CoV1, with the latter’s recep - tor-binding motif (RBM) for ACE2 comprising of residues 424-494 [3,4]. The amino acid sequence of the Cv19 Spike S1 receptor-binding domain (RBD) is available [5]. ACE enzymes and angiotensin peptides are essential components of the complex renin-angiotensin system (RAS) [1]. Individual susceptibility to Cv19 infection may be partially explained by natural variation within the different components of RAS [6]
Multi-touching the dream [Engineering Work Space]

You know the situation: you're in a meeting and you need to check some facts only you didn't bring your laptop, and just one person can logon to the Wi-Fi so everyone is crowding around that screen gesticulating, trying to get their point across. It is this kind of problem that the Centre for Interaction Design at Edinburgh Napier University is working to overcome. In January 2009, the university funded a project to explore the impact of emerging technologies on how we live our lives and go about our daily activities in public, private and social spaces. This project is called Future Living Future Life and it seeks to deliver real-world practical benefits by designing, developing and implementing a series of "future" spaces, the first of which is the Future Meeting Room. So just what is a Future Meeting Room? Well, essentially it is a space designed to use the very cutting edge of current and emerging technologies to facilitate local and remote collaborative activities. In less academic terms, this means brainstorming, mind mapping, document or project review and creation in fact, anything that requires people to work together in real time. As you might imagine, this covers a lot of things.
Online fault detection strategy applied to a binary component distillation

This paper deals with an early fault detection method in order to improve the safety and continuity of production. It consists of the design of a residual generator, which is based on a multi–layer perceptron artificial neural network to reveal any drift. Three statistical criteria are used for the validation of the experimental data. This study shows another technique for reduction of neural models into account the physical knowledge of the process. A distillation column is presented in order to illustrate the reliability of the prediction and model reduction. Satisfactory agreement between identified and experimental data is found and results show that the neural model successfully predicts the process behaviour. Then, the proposed FD method, which is based on the standardised residuals, is developed and tested on a real incident. The study shows that it detects the change presence, and pinpoints the moment it occurred.
Power systems marginal cost curve and its applications

This paper presents a forward recursive procedure to calculate the expected system marginal cost curve (EMC). The EMC formulation allows for multi-state and multi-block dispatch of generating units and is used to determine the optimal energy of pumped-storage units. A new approach is developed to compute the first and second derivatives of the expected generation energy of a thermal unit with respect to the capacity of all thermal units in the system. The salient feature of the proposed approach is that it applies to hydro-thermal systems with multiple limited-energy hydro units. >
Model for operational daily airline scheduling

Perturbations in carrying out a schedule are occurrences which happen from time to time and there are numerous factors behind them. Cancelled or delayed flights can be caused by meteorological reasons, technical reasons, late or absent crew members, etc. One or more aircraft from an airline fleet might be taken out of operation due to technical reasons and the airline has to operate with a reduced number of planes. This paper presents the results of an effort to define a new daily airline schedule in this situation so that the total number of cancelled flights is minimized. Should there be several airline schedules with an equal total number of cancelled flights, the schedule with the minimum total passenger delay on flights to be performed is chosen. A heuristic algorithm is developed to solve this lexicographic optimization problem and is tested on numerical examples.
Very‐low‐profile dual‐wideband loop antenna for LTE tablet computer

A very‐low‐profile (8 mm in height), small‐size (8 × 3 × 40 mm3), and dual‐wideband loop antenna suitable for applications in the LTE tablet device such as a tablet computer is presented. Dual‐wideband operation of the proposed loop antenna is achieved using a wideband feed structure formed by a coupling feed, a high‐pass matching circuit, and a tuning inductor. The coupling feed leads to successful excitation of a quarter‐wavelength loop mode in the desired lower band. The high‐pass matching circuit causes an additional resonance occurred near the excited quarter‐wavelength loop mode to widen the low‐band bandwidth to cover the 698–960 MHz band. The tuning inductor can adjust the frequency ratio of the first two higher‐order loop modes to form a wide higher band to cover the 1710–2690 MHz band. Dual‐wideband operation of the proposed loop antenna for the LTE operation is hence obtained. Details of the proposed loop antenna are addressed. Working principle of the antenna, especially the function of the wideband feed structure thereof, is described. Experimental results of the fabricated prototype are also presented. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:141–146, 2015
Optimization of Processing Parameters in Injection Molding Based on Adaptive Ant Colony Algorithm

An optimization method, integrating correlation degree, response surface method and ant colony algorithm, is proposed for exploring optimal parameters with the molding quality evaluation of warpage amount in injection molding. Initially, a novel formula calculating correlation degree is brought forth on the basis of the definition of distance and place value, and the parameters are chosen using the correlation degree method. Then the approximate model of the injection molding process is constructed by Kriging model with the determined parameters. Finally, the adaptive genetic algorithm and the ant colony algorithm are adopted to solve the optimization problem respectively, and injection molding tests are experimentally performed to validate the optimization results of parameters in injection molding. The experimental results demonstrate that the ant colony algorithm is superior to the genetic algorithm in solving the optimization problem for the low-dimensional design variables vector and the short coding length.
BLOCKCHAIN BASED CROSS ORGANIZATIONAL WORKFLOW MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Currently most of the workflows in enterprise business processes are implemented and managed as information system. However, workflows between organizations are still processed manually based on paper document because it is difficult for the organizations to trust the process and the result of workflow in the system which is provided by one of the organizations or a third-party organization. In this paper, a system architecture for cross organizational workflow management utilizing blockchain technology is proposed. It eliminates every Single Point of Trust (SPoT) which causes falsification risk of the process and data. Our proposed system architecture accommodates two types of smart contracts for workflow definition and workflow processing, which validates related data in every transaction. By this architecture, each organization can be aware of the data falsification when the data on one of the organization nodes is falsified by a malicious workflow administrator or a system administrator. Through evaluation of the falsification risks based on the attack scenarios along workflow life cycle, it is confirmed that all the risks are avoided by the proposed system architecture.
Reduction of Noise Generated from Lower Part of Shinkansen Cars by Sound Absorption

In order to reduce Shinkansen wayside noise at higher speeds, it is necessary to reduce not only pantograph noise but also noise from the lower part of cars. With the aim of absorbing noise from the lower part of the car through a process of multiple sound reflections between the car body and a noise barrier, we developed sound-absorbing panels for the lower part of the car bodies through acoustic tests using a full-scale cut car model and running tests using "FASTECH360S", a high-speed test train of JR-East. In order to assess which sound-absorption areas are more effective in reducing wayside noise coming from the lower part of the cars, we conducted running tests with the sound-absorbing and non-sound-absorbing panels in different layout configurations. As a result, we found that: 1) attaching sound-absorbing panels reduces wayside noise from FASTECH360S running at 320 km/h by approximately 0.9 dB at a point 25 meters from the track, 2) sound-absorbing panels installed to side skirts have the greatest noise reduction effect and 3) the sound-absorbing panels at the front and back ends of the bogie space and on the side beam contribute almost nothing to noise reduction.
The internationalisation of operations management research

Operations management (OM) is a relatively new field of business, having become recognised as a standalone discipline in the mid 1980s. With this in mind, this study analyses the origins, geographical regions, countries, and institutions, of OM research in 11 top level academic journals from 1985 through 2010. Since the field is rather new and is still being developed, an analysis of current and past research constituents offers a unique opportunity to assess how research and education in OM has spread across the globe. We identify those geographic regions and countries that encourage and support OM research and education from the academic institutions within their boundaries. Further, through the research contributions of affiliated authors and PhD graduates, we identify those institutions within each country that are the leaders in terms of OM research and education efforts. We consider the research of faculty affiliated with each institution as well as the research of each institution’s PhD graduates. We find that the early development of the field was centred in the US and UK but, in recent years, much of the research is being published by authors and institutions from many other geographic regions and countries.
System Identification and 6-DOF Hovering Controller Design of Unmanned Model Helicopter

For a maneuvering unmanned autonomous helicopter, it is necessary to design a proper controller for each flight mode. In this paper, the overall helicopter dynamics is derived and a hovering model is linearized and transformed into a state-space form. However, since it is difficult to obtain parameters for stability derivatives in the state-space directly, a linear control model is derived by a time-domain parametric system identification method with real flight data of a model helicopter. Then, two different controllers (a linear feedback controller with the proportional gain and a robust controller) are designed and their performances are compared. The simulation results show outstanding performance. The validated controllers can be utilized to enable autonomous flight of a RUAV (Rotorcraft-based Unmanned Aerial Vehicle).
Parental stress among Norwegian fathers and mothers: Similarities and differences

Although fathers are increasingly involved in childrearing, less is known about how parental stress is perceived among mothers and fathers separately. The present study investigated the construct validity of the PSS in a community-based sample of Norwegian father–mother dyads with a child aged 4. A total of 1030 mothers and fathers (N = 515 dyads) responded to the PSS, which is a much used instrument that assesses stress related to childrearing across 18 items. Construct validity was investigated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and the multitrait–multimethod approach (MTMM). The results revealed that six of the items showed extensive ceiling-effects for both parents, and were excluded from further analysis. Dimensionality was examined for the remaining 12 PSS items. The results supported a two-factor solution for both fathers and mothers, reflecting parental stressors (9 items) and lack of rewards (3 items). The MTMM approach indicated convergent and discriminant validity across traits (Parental stressors and Lack of rewards) and methods (father vs mother rating). We also explored the network of PSS items for mothers and fathers, and found both similarities and differences. Overall, the results of the factor analyses have implications for the use of the PSS. The networks of PSS suggest that some items may be especially important when addressing parental stress with mothers and fathers.