Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combined Microinvasive Glaucoma Surgery – A Review of the Literature and Future Directions

ABSTRACT The use of microinvasive invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) in the treatment of glaucoma has increased exponentially over the last 10 years. However, practice patterns vary widely given the relative newness of these technologies. Some surgeons perform two or more MIGS simultaneously, such as those that target aqueous production and those that target aqueous outflow. These combined MIGS (cMIGS) may result in lower intraocular pressure (IOP) and reduced medication burden as compared to single MIGS (sMIGS). Current evidence suggests some cMIGS are more effective in reducing medication burden for at least 12 months versus sMIGS. This review focuses on the current evidence related to the efficacy of cMIGS as well as novel combinations of standalone MIGS, limitations of the current literature, and future directions for research.
Adherence to guidelines in patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) – results from a retrospective single tertiary center registry

Abstract Background Guidelines for the management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) are regularly published, yet little is known concerning adherence to recommendations in practice. Objectives We aimed to assess adherence to European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) recommendations in patients with non-variceal UGIB. Materials and methods All hospitalized patients with an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) performed due to suspected non-variceal UGIB at our department were included in a prospective registry. Data between 2018–2020 from this registry were retrospectively analyzed. Adherence to the 2015 ESGE bleeding and propofol sedation guidelines was assessed. Adherence to recommendations concerning preendoscopic (risk) evaluation, preendoscopic PPI, transfusion management, and endoscopic management of peptic ulcers was analyzed. Results Among 1005 patients (mean age 70.4 years, 42.1% women) the most common bleeding etiologies were gastric or duodenal ulcers (16.8%), esophagitis/GERD (11.1%), and angiodysplasia (9.9%); mortality was 7.6%. Adherence to preendosopic risk evaluation was low, in 0% a Mallampati classification and in 37.5% an ASA scoring was documented. Preendoscopic PPI was started at 58.6%, and adherence to recommended transfusion management was >98%. Peptic ulcers were Forrest-graded in 72.8%. High-risk ulcers were treated appropriately in 77.9% and low-risk ulcers were not treated in 73.6%. Especially Forrest Ib ulcers were undertreated, with an adherence of 59.6%. Only 22/179 (12.3%) patients with peptic ulcers and early endoscopy were consistently managed according to ESGE recommendations. Conclusions Adherence to ESGE guidelines in patients with non-variceal UGIB is moderate to low, even at a tertiary university hospital. Strategies must be devised for guidelines to reach patients in everyday practice.
The AGK3U - An updated version of the AGK3

Details of construction of an updated version of the AGK3 are presented. Unlike the builders of the Positions and Proper Motions (PPM) catalog, we have gone forward in time to gain new positions to use to improve the AGK3 proper motions. The source of these new observations is the Palomar «Quick V» survey made for the construction of the Hubble Space Telescope Guide Star Catalog. We have been able to recover individual equatorial coordinates from a Schmidt plate with a typical standard deviation about the mean of 0.33″. Moreover, our means (i.e., the systematic errors) are at the 0.01″ level. These realistic, external errors compare favorably with the reduction of the AGK3 astrograph material (0.21″ per equatorial coordinate)
Astrocyte Endfeet in Brain Function and Pathology: Open Questions.

Astrocyte endfeet enwrap the entire vascular tree within the central nervous system, where they perform important functions in regulating the blood-brain barrier (BBB), cerebral blood flow, nutrient uptake, and waste clearance. Accordingly, astrocyte endfeet contain specialized organelles and proteins, including local protein translation machinery and highly organized scaffold proteins, which anchor channels, transporters, receptors, and enzymes critical for astrocyte-vascular interactions. Many neurological diseases are characterized by the loss of polarization of specific endfoot proteins, vascular dysregulation, BBB disruption, altered waste clearance, or, in extreme cases, loss of endfoot coverage. A role for astrocyte endfeet has been demonstrated or postulated in many of these conditions. This review provides an overview of the development, composition, function, and pathological changes of astrocyte endfeet and highlights the gaps in our knowledge that future research should address. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Neuroscience, Volume 46 is July 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Functional molecular evolution of a GTP sensing kinase: PI5P4Kβ

Over 4 billion years of evolution, multiple mutations, including nucleotide substitutions, gene and genome duplications and recombination, have established de novo genes that translate into proteins with novel properties essential for high‐order cellular functions. However, molecular processes through which a protein evolutionarily acquires a novel function are mostly speculative. Recently, we have provided evidence for a potential evolutionary mechanism underlying how, in mammalian cells, phosphatidylinositol 5‐phosphate 4‐kinase β (PI5P4Kβ) evolved into a GTP sensor from ATP‐utilizing kinase. Mechanistically, PI5P4Kβ has acquired the guanine efficient association (GEA) motif by mutating its nucleotide base recognition sequence, enabling the evolutionary transition from an ATP‐dependent kinase to a distinct GTP/ATP dual kinase with its KM for GTP falling into physiological GTP concentrations—the genesis of GTP sensing activity. Importantly, the GTP sensing activity of PI5P4Kβ is critical for the manifestation of cellular metabolism and tumourigenic activity in the multicellular organism. The combination of structural, biochemical and biophysical analyses used in our study provides a novel framework for analysing how a protein can evolutionarily acquire a novel activity, which potentially introduces a critical function to the cell.
Neural Plasticity in Sensorimotor Brain–Machine Interfaces

Brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) aim to treat sensorimotor neurological disorders by creating artificial motor and/or sensory pathways. Introducing artificial pathways creates new relationships between sensory input and motor output, which the brain must learn to gain dexterous control. This review highlights the role of learning in BMIs to restore movement and sensation,and discusses how BMI design may influence neural plasticity and performance. The close integration of plasticity in sensory and motor function influences the design of both artificial pathways and will be an essential consideration for bidirectional devices that restore both sensory and motor function.
Shape optimization of windings for minimum losses

This paper presents the shape optimization of windings to minimize the eddy current losses. The method used for this optimization combines the finite element analysis of the time harmonic electromagnetic field and gradient-based numerical optimization techniques. The objective of this type of optimization problem is to limit the losses by modifying the shape of the windings.
Circularly polarized radio emission from the T Tauri star Hubble 4

Multiwavelength VLA observations of the weak-lined T Tauri star (WTTS) Hubble 4, which is located in the nearby (about 140 pc) Taurus-Auriga star-forming region, are reported. The emission is characterized by a nearly flat spectral energy distribution with a spectral index of 0 (S sub nu varies as nu exp alpha). Right circular polarization was detected at both 3.6 and 6 cm at levels of 19 +/- 5 percent and 18 +/- 3 percent, respectively, with an upper limit of not more than 15 percent (3 sigma) at 20 cm. The star was in a state of low radio activity, with flux densities of 1.3-1.7 mJy and a radio luminosity of 10 exp 16.5 ergs/Hz s. The unambiguous detection of circularly polarized radio emission from Hubble 4 provides direct evidence for the existence of ordered magnetic fields in this WTTS.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure‐Response Modeling Analyses of Golimumab in Children and Young Adults With Recently Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes

Golimumab was recently evaluated in a phase 2a, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter study (T1GER study) for safety and efficacy in children and young adults with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D). Golimumab showed significant treatment effect where endogenous insulin production was preserved and clinical and metabolic parameters were improved. The objective of this report was to evaluate pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic data from the T1GER study by developing a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model and performing exposure‐response (ER) analyses. The PopPK model was developed using data from the T1D study and 2 other pediatric studies with golimumab in ulcerative colitis and in polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. A 1‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and elimination was applied to describe the concentration‐time profiles. Typical parameters normalized to the values in subjects with a standard weight of 70 kg were apparent clearance, 0.850 L/day; apparent volume of distribution, 16.0 L; and absorption rate constant, 1.01/day. From the ER analyses, no clear trends were observed for changes in both C‐peptide area under the concentration‐time curve and hemoglobin A1c levels for the relatively narrow exposure ranges following the body surface area–based dosing regimen used in this study. In conclusion, the developed PopPK model was able to adequately describe the observed PK of golimumab in patients with T1D. Although golimumab showed significant treatment effect, the ER analyses did not show clear trends within the active treatment group, which may indicate that the exposure from this T1D‐specific dosing regimen was at the plateau of the ER curve.
Pseudospectral methods for large-scale bioacoustic models

Large-scale simulations of ultrasonic waves in heterogeneous tissue models are useful in biomedical R&D for imaging and therapeutics. The scale of bioacoustic models is hundreds of wavelengths. Typical 2D wave solvers are not practical at this scale, and 3D is out of the question, because of numerical errors and/or computer limits. To achieve much higher performance we use the periodic pseudospectral (PS) method, where spatial derivatives are calculated from FFTs over Cartesian grids. With a 4th order explicit time integrator, the PS method yields the necessary accuracy and efficiency. However, the domain must be periodic. We show how to circumvent this intrinsic limitation with Berenger's perfectly matched layer (PML) on the boundaries. High accuracy, computational efficiency, and parallelism are demonstrated and a large-scale bioacoustic model is calculated. Generalizations of the method are described, including attenuation and nonlinearity.
Ultraviolet to near-infrared spectroscopy of the potentially hazardous, low delta-V asteroid (175706) 1996 FG3 - Backup target of the sample return mission MarcoPolo-R

Context. Primitive near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) are important subjects of study for current planetary research. Their investigation can provide crucial information on topics such as the formation of the solar system, the emergence of life, and the mitigation of the risk of asteroid impact. Sample return missions from primitive asteroids have been scheduled or are being studied by space agencies, including the MarcoPolo-R mission selected for the assessment study phase of ESA M3 missions. Aims. We want to improve our knowledge of the surface composition and physical nature of the potentially hazardous, low delta-V asteroid (175706) 1996 FG3, backup target of MarcoPolo-R. This intriguing object shows an as-yet unexplained spectral variability. Methods. We performed spectroscopic observations of 1996 FG3 using the visible spectrograph DOLORES at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG), and the UV-to-NIR X-Shooter instrument at the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT). Results. We find featureless spectra and we classify 1996 FG3 as a primitive Xc-type in the Bus-DeMeo taxonomy. Based on literature comparison, we confirm the spectral variability of this object at near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, and find that spectral variations exist also for the visible spectral region. Phase reddening cannot explain such variations. Obtained with the same observational conditions for the whole 0.3‐2.2 m range, our X-Shooter spectrum allowed a proper comparison with the RELAB meteorite database. A very good fit is obtained with the very primitive C2 Tagish Lake carbonaceous chondrite (pressed powder), confirming 1996 FG3 as a suitable target for a sample return mission from primitive NEAs. Conclusions. We hypothesize a compacted/cemented surface for 1996 FG3, like that observed by the Hayabusa mission on (25143) Itokawa, with the possible presence of regions showing di erent degrees of surface roughness. This variegation could be related to the binary nature of 1996 FG3, but to check this hypothesis further observations are necessary.
On the convergence of the proximal point algorithm for convex minimization

The proximal point algorithm (PPA) for the convex minimization problem $\min _{x \in H} f(x)$, where $f:H \to R \cup \{ \infty \} $ is a proper, lower semicontinuous (lsc) function in a Hilbert space H is considered. Under this minimal assumption on f, it is proved that the PPA, with positive parameters $\{ \lambda _k \} _{k = 1}^\infty $, converges in general if and only if $\sigma _n = \sum_{k = 1}^n {\lambda _k \to \infty } $. Global convergence rate estimates for the residual $f(x_n ) - f(u)$, where $x_n $ is the nth iterate of the PPA and $ u \in H $ is arbitrary are given. An open question of Rockafellar is settled by giving an example of a PPA for which $x_n $ converges weakly but not strongly to a minimizes of f.
Words matter when inferring emotions: a conceptual replication and extension

ABSTRACT It is long known that facial configurations play a critical role when inferring mental and emotional states from others. Nevertheless, there is still a scientific debate on how we infer emotions from facial configurations. The theory of constructed emotion (TCE) suggests that we may infer different emotions from the same facial configuration, depending on the context (e.g. provided by visual and lexical cues) in which they are perceived. For instance, a recent study found that participants were more accurate in inferring mental and emotional states across three different datasets (i.e. RMET, static and dynamic emojis) when words were provided (i.e. forced-choice task), compared to when they were not (i.e. free-labelling task), suggesting that words serve as contexts that modulate the inference from facial configurations. The goal of the current within-subject study was to replicate and extend these findings by adding a fourth dataset (KDEF-dyn), consisting of morphed human faces (to increase the ecological validity). Replicating previous findings, we observed that words increased accuracy across the three (previously used) datasets, an effect that was also observed for the facial morphed stimuli. Our findings are in line with the TCE, providing support for the importance of contextual verbal cues in emotion perception.
A note on "Continuous review perishable inventory systems: models and heuristics"

In a recent paper, Lian and Liu (2001) consider a continuous review perishable inventory model with renewal arrivals, batch demands and zero lead times. However, the main analytical result they provide holds only for some special cases such as Poisson arrivals with exponential interarrival times. In this note we generalize Theorem 1 of Lian and Liu (2001) for the case where the arrivals follow an arbitrary renewal process.
Adapting the OSCE to the times of the COVID-19 pandemic. A look at the e-OSCE from the students' perspective.

BACKGROUND At the Department of Medical Education, Centre for Innovative Medical Education at Jagiellonian University Medical College, a completely remote OSCE (e-OSCE) was con- ducted for the first time using the Microsoft Teams platform. 255 test takers were tasked with presenting their communication and clinical skills in order to assess clinical reasoning. A i m: Analysis of the assessment of the OSCE adaptation to the requirements of the COVID-19 pandemic at the Department of Medical Educations in the form of the e-OSCE from the students' perspective. M e t h o d s: Discussion of the OSCE modification was carried out among 6th-year medical students and graduates undergoing validation of their foreign medical degrees. In order to assess students' opinions of the e-OSCE, we used questionnaires. The Statistica 12.0 program was used to analyse the results. R e s u l t s: According to 91.57% of respondents, the e-OSCE was well-prepared. 60% of students strongly agree and 29.47% rather agree that the order of the stations was appropriate and clear. A majority of respondents rated the e-OSCE as fair. 66.32% of respondents strongly agree and rather agree that the proportions of communication and clinical skills were appropriate. The vast majority of the participants of the exam (81.05%) had enough time for individual stations. A statistically significant (p <0.0001) correlation was found between the type of classes and preparation for the e-OSCE. For 61.05% of respondents, the Laboratory Training of Clinical Skills course was the best preparation for students taking the e-OSCE. Taking into account the stressfulness of the OSCE, only 15.96% of students found the online form more stressful than the traditional (in-person) exam. C o n c l u s i o n s: The e-OSCE in students' opinions was well-organized. Informing test-takers prior to the e-OSCE about the role of invigilators assessing individual stations should be improved. The e-OSCE has been proven to be suitable for assessing a wide range of material and validating communication and clinical skills in appropriate proportions. The e-OSCE is fair according to examinees' opinion. The study proves that even in a pandemic, it is possible to prepare an online exam without exposing examiners and examinees to the dangers posed by COVID-19.
Novel intelligent architecture and approximate solution for future networks

Private networks have become popular for secure data sharing and anonymous communication in many domains: enterprise environments, military, journalism, telecommunication, healthcare, to name a few. It has been used with or without internet connection. Its primary purpose is to provide confidentiality, bypass unlawful activities, and protect against common threats such as interception, modification, and censorship. In addition, several private network technologies exist to support secure communications. However, they mostly rely on encryption only. The transmitted data is classified into different confidentiality levels. This research presents a smart private network architecture scheme that transmits constraint-based classified packets. The main directive of this work is the proposed constraint. This constraint is meant to enforce that if two packets belong to the same confidentiality level, they can’t be transmitted through the two routers simultaneously. Therefore, the studied problem is an NP-hard problem. This paper presents the following contributions: (i) proposes a new architecture paradigm for outsourcing a constraint-based multi-classified data sharing securely and transmitted through two routers; (ii) introduces several algorithms to prove the feasibility for this NP-Hard problem; and (iii) implements the algorithms solutions using C++ and compares their performance. Different metrics are used to measure the performance of the proposed algorithms. Randomized Longest Transmission time first algorithm RLT¯ scored the best algorithm with a percentage of 73.5% and an average gap of 0.002 according to the experimental results. It is remarkable worthy to note that the execution time of all the algorithms is less than 0.001 s.
Exploring the lived experience of families with a COVID-19 positive child: The journey from a critical grounded theory approach

COVID-19 and associated public health policies have significantly disrupted the lives of both adults and children. Experiences of COVID-positive adults are well described but less is known about the experiences of families of children who receive a positive diagnosis, and the impact of public health policies on this experience. This study aimed to develop a framework to understand the lived experience of families with a child testing positive for COVID-19. We applied a qualitative study design, using grounded theory. The study took place in Melbourne, Australia between July and December 2020, during the first major Australian COVID-19 wave. Parents of children 0–18 years tested at a walk-in clinic at a paediatric tertiary referral hospital were invited to participate. Two interviewers jointly undertook in-depth interviews with parents of children who tested positive. Interviews were transcribed and two analysts used an inductive, critical realist analysis approach with NVivo and a virtual whiteboard. Results are presented incorporating a stratified reality (empirical, actual, real). Families described seven sequential stages of the COVID-19 positive testing journey: COVID-19 close to home; time to be tested; waiting for the test result; receiving the result; dealing with the diagnosis; coping with isolation; and moving forward/looking back. Our findings highlight how public health policies and messages targeting the general (adult) public were experienced by families. We provide a framework that families move through when their child tests positive for COVID-19. Within each phase, we report unmet needs and identify strategies to improve future pandemic planning for parents and children.
[Association between maternal job burnout and adolescent depression: the chain mediating effect of maternal depression and parenting style].

OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between maternal job burnout and adolescent depression and the mediating effect of maternal depression and parenting style. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted. The cluster random sampling method was used to select 2 572 adolescents from 7 middle schools in Shanghai, China, from April to May, 2021. A survey was performed for these adolescents and their mothers. The research tools included a general information questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, short-form of Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran, and Children's Depression Inventory. A structural equation model was established, and the Bootstrap method was used to investigate the mediating effect. RESULTS The detection rate of depressive symptoms was 12.71% (327/2 572) among the adolescents. The scores of maternal job burnout, maternal depression, and negative parenting style were positively correlated with the score of adolescent depression (P<0.05), and the score of positive parenting style was negatively correlated with the score of adolescent depression (P<0.05). Maternal depression and parenting style played a mediating role between maternal job burnout and adolescent depression, including the individual mediating effect of maternal depression, the individual mediating effect of positive parenting style, and the chain mediating effect of maternal depression-negative/positive parenting style. CONCLUSIONS Maternal job burnout may affect adolescent depression through the mediating effect of depression, parenting style, and depression-parenting style, suggesting that the symptoms of adolescent depression can be reduced by alleviating maternal job burnout, improving maternal depression, increasing positive parenting behaviors, and reducing negative parenting behaviors.