Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Alternative to Dark Matter? Part 1: The Early Universe (tp to 10-9 s), Energy Creation the Alphaton, Baryogenesis

A cosmological model was developed using the equation of state of photon gas, as well as cosmic time. The primary objective of this model is to see if determining the observed rotation speed of galactic matter is possible, without using dark matter (halo) as a parameter. To do so, a numerical application of the evolution of variables in accordance with cosmic time and a new state equation was developed to determine precise, realistic values for a number of cosmological parameters, such as the energy of the universe U, cosmological constant Λ, the curvature of space k, energy density ρΛe, age of the universe tΩ etc. The development of the state equation highlights the importance of not neglecting any of the differential terms given the very large amounts in play that can counterbalance the infinitesimals. Some assumptions were put forth in order to solve these equations. The current version of the model partially explains several of the observed phenomena that raise questions. Numerical application of the model has yielded the following results, among others: Initially, during the Planck era, at the very beginning of Planck time, tp, the universe contained a single photon at Planck temperature TP, almost Planck energy EP in the Planck volume. During the photon inflation phase (before characteristic time ~10-9 [s]), the number of original photons (alphatons) increased at each unit of Planck time tp and geometrical progression~n3, where n is the quotient of cosmic time over Planck time t/tp. Then, the primordial number of photons reached a maximum of N~1089, where it remained constant. These primordial photons (alphatons) are still present today and represent the essential of the energy contained in the universe via the cosmological constant expressed in the form of energy EΛ. Such geometric growth in the number of photons can bring a solution to the horizon problem through γγ exchange and a photon energy volume that is in phase with that of the volume energy of the universe. The predicted total mass (p, n, e, and ν), based on the Maxwell-Juttner relativistic statistical distribution, is ~7 × 1050 [kg]. The predicted cosmic neutrino mass is ≤8.69 × 10-32 [kg] (≤48.7 [keV·c-2]) if based on observations of SN1987A. The temperature variation of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), as measured by Planck, can be said to be partially due to energy variations in the universe (ΔU/U) during the primordial baryon synthesis (energy jump from the creation of protons and neutrons).
Catalytic Conversion of Fructose, Glucose, and Sucrose to 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural and Levulinic and Formic Acids in γ-Valerolactone As a Green Solvent

The conversion of fructose, glucose, and sucrose to 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) and levulinic acid (LA)/formic acid (FA) was investigated in detail using sulfuric acid as the catalyst and γ-valerolactone (GVL) as a green solvent. The H2SO4/GVL/H2O system can be tuned to produce either HMF or LA/FA by changing the acid concentration and thus allowing selective switching between the products. Although the best yields of HMF were around 75%, the LA/FA yields ranged from 50% to 70%, depending on the structure of the carbohydrates and the reaction parameters, including temperature, acid, and carbohydrate concentrations. While the conversion of fructose is much faster than glucose, sucrose behaves like a 1:1 mixture of fructose and glucose, indicating facile hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond in sucrose. The mechanism of the conversion of glucose to HMF or LA/FA in GVL involves three intermediates: 1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucofuranose, 1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucopyranose, and levoglucosenone.
Slot-Die Process of a Sol–Gel Photocatalytic Porous Coating for Large-Area Fabrication of Functional Architectural Glass

This research was funded by the Basque Government (IT1291-19), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN project: PID2019-108028GB-C21), and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement N° 792103 SOLWARIS).
Identifying the Chemical Profile and Pharmacological Mechanism of Xinbao Pill against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Using Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time-Of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Network Pharmacology-Based Investigation

Ying Yang Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Ting Chen Guangdong Xinbao Pharm-tech Co., Itd Jiaming Liu Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Sixuan Chen Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Rongqing Cai Guangdong Xinbao Pharm-tech Co., Itd Liqiong Wu Guangdong Xinbao Pharm-tech Co. Itd Jiexiong Hu Guangdong Xinbao Pharm-tech Co., Itd Qiongying Lin Guangdong Xinbao Pharm-tech Co., Itd Xiaoxiao Qi Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Zhongqiu Liu Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Yuanyuan Cheng (  chengyuanyuan@gzucm.edu.cn ) Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1105-0495
Measuring and predicting variation in the interestingness of physical structures

Curiosity drives much of human behavior, but its open-ended nature makes it hard to study in the laboratory. Moreover, computational theories of curiosity – models of how intrinsic motivation promotes complex behaviors – have been challenging to test because of technical limits. To circumvent this problem, we develop a new way to assess intrinsic motivation for building: we assume people build what they find interesting, so we asked them to rate the “interestingness” of visual stimuli – in this case, simple block towers. Adults gave a range of ratings to towers built by children, with taller towers rated higher. To probe interestingness further, we developed controlled tower stimuli in a simulated 3D environment. While tower height predicted much of the variation in ratings, people also favored more precarious towers, as inferred from geometric features and simulated dynamics. These ratings and features therefore give a clear target for computational accounts of curiosity to explain.
Experimental and CFD Investigation on the Application for Aerogel Insulation in Buildings

Reducing building energy consumption is a significant challenge and is one of the most important research areas worldwide. Insulation will help to keep the building’s desired temperature by reducing the heat flow. Additionally, proper insulation can provide an extended period of comfort, leading to reduced building energy requirements. Encapsulated air is the major aspect of most thermal insulation materials. Low thermal conductivity is a good characteristic of thermal insulation materials. Aerogel has low thermal conductivity, so it is suitable for glazing and insulation purposes. This research paper investigates the effectiveness of aerogel as an insulation material in buildings by incorporating a translucent aerogel-glazing system in the window and aerogel insulation in the wall of a building. Experimental investigation of a 10 mm thick aerogel blanket surrounded box was conducted to assess its performance. Additionally, a CFD simulation was conducted, and the results of temperature degradation for the wall showed good agreement with experimental results. Additionally, the CFD simulation of temperature decay was compared between the aerogel-glazed window and argon-glazed window. It was found that the aerogel-glazed window has slower temperature decay compared to the argon-glazed window. The results showed that integrating aerogel in the glazing system and wall insulation in a building has the potential to reduce the building’s energy consumption. Moreover, a numeric simulation was conducted, and showed that the building’s annual energy consumption is reduced by 6% with the use of aerogel insulation compared to fiberglass.
Protective Role of Fisetin in STZ Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats

Objectives: Chronic diabetes mellitus associated with devastating complication the diabetic nephropathy, that further progress to ESRD,a major cause of morbidity and premature mortality in many countries worldwide. Accumulated evidences demonstrated that long standing hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and fibrosis plays a significant role in DN. Fisetin, a bioflavonoid, exhibited variety of promising pharmacological properties such as, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic ,and anti-carcinogenics. Hence, the present study was hypothesized to investigate, the effect of fisetin on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Materials and Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups (n=6) as normal control, diabetic control (vehicle), Glimepiride (0.5 mg/kg, orally) and Fisetin treatment (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg, orally) groups. After the confirmation of diabetes, vehicle/drug treatments were started and Original Research Article Kumari et al.; JPRI, 33(30B): 97-111, 2021; Article no.JPRI. 69396
Clivia miniata Red Peony: A New Double-flowered Clivia Cultivar

The genus Clivia Lindl. belongs to the family Amaryllidaceae, which includes six diploid species (2n = 2x = 22) and is naturally distributed in Southern Africa (Duncan, 2008). Clivia has been widely cultivated as one of the famous ornamental pot plants, with tremendous economic value worldwide for nearly a century (Rourke, 2002). The leaf and flower of clivia have always been regarded as two of the most important ornamental characteristics. In the past several decades, many clivia cultivars have been released, such as Clivia miniata Longwood Debutante, Longwood Fireworks, and Longwood Sunrise in the United States (Petravich, 2015); and Utopia Secret Desire, Utopia Secret Hope, Utopia Secret Love, and Utopia Secret Rose in South Africa (Kruger, 2018). It was recorded that clivia was first introduced into Changchun City by a Japanese florist in 1932 (Zheng et al., 2012). Before 1990, it was appreciated only by the wealthy as a rare precious flower, but now it is very popular in China. It is cultivated mainly in Jilin and Liaoning Provinces, Northeast China. China is regarded as one of the largest clivia-producing countries in the world (Duncan, 2008), but only a few clivia cultivars have been released in China (Bao et al., 2014). Usually, the flower of clivia is orange or yellow with six petals, including three inner petals and three outer petals. Although many clivia cultivars with special flower colors and shapes have been bred, such as green-petaled cultivar Angel’s Smile, the pink-petaled cultivar Pink Champagne, and carnation-flowered shape cultivar Picotee, the double-flowered type is still rarely seen. We announce a new doubleflowered clivia cultivar Clivia miniata Red Peony with an average of 13 petals per flower.
Multivariate Analysis of the Offensive Phase in High-Performance Women’s Soccer: A Mixed Methods Study

Currently, there are still few studies on the tactical and contextual criteria that determine offensive success in women’s soccer. The objectives of this study were to discover contextual and tactical criteria that show an association with success in elite women’s soccer and to establish a multivariate predictive model for the offensive phase. For this, 2323 ball possessions were analyzed in FIFA Women’s World Cup 2019 via direct observation. In addition, eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with women’s soccer coaches and players. For direct observation, a bivariate analysis between the analysed criteria and possession’s outcome was suggested. Additionally, a multivariate predictive analysis was proposed via a decision tree method. To analyze the interviews, a sequential analysis of delays and polar coordinates analysis were carried out. It was established a multi-variant model of offensive success based on possession zone (middle offensive), initial offensive intention (progress) and start zone (preoffensive or offensive) criteria. The probability of offensive success was 75.2% interactively between those criteria. In addition, the analysis of the interviews allowed us to conclude that criteria related to technical–tactical performance, decision-making and physical capacities of the players will be decisive in increasing the probabilities of success.
As intervenções com autores de violência doméstica e familiar no Brasil e suas relações com a Lei Maria da Penha

Resumo Neste artigo buscamos analisar as relacoes entre as intervencoes que tem como destinatarios de suas acoes os autores de violencia e a Lei Maria da Penha. Para tanto, nos aprofundaremos nas Recomendacoes Gerais e Diretrizes editadas pela Secretaria de Politicas para mulheres em 2008. As analises - desenvolvidas tendo como base a literatura especializada, relatorios e pesquisas existentes sobre o tema - ressaltam que a promulgacao da Lei Maria da Penha ao mesmo tempo que trouxe previsao legal e ampliacao da discussao sobre as intervencoes, criou alguns desafios para as iniciativas anteriores a ela, estruturadas em outro contexto legal e politico.
A Novel Aperture-Loaded Decoupling Concept for Patch Antenna Arrays

In this article, a novel decoupling approach is proposed for large-scale patch antenna arrays. With the additional coupling path from the feeding line of an element to its adjacent element through a small aperture, the mutual coupling between the two elements can be well canceled. Completely different from the traditional transmission-line-based decoupling methods, the proposed approach does not employ direct transmission/coupling bridges between the feeding lines of the elements. Besides, there is no additional impedance matching network, resulting in a simple design procedure. For verification purposes, a decoupled dual-polarized 1 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 8 linear antenna array is developed and tested. Results denote that both the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E$ </tex-math></inline-formula>- and the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-plane coupling are suppressed to less than −30 dB at the center frequency of 4.9 GHz. To further improve the decoupling bandwidth, a magnitude-compensation technique using a dual-aperture configuration is developed. A design example of a 4 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 4 single-polarized patch antenna array integrated with the decoupling method is measured. The results depict that the array is well-decoupled within the band from 4.7 to 5.04 GHz, with an isolation level of over 24.7 dB. The proposed decoupling approach features simple implementation and low profile, with almost no influence on element radiation performance, and can be utilized for 2-D large-scale arrays.
Texture Identification of Objects Using a Robot Fingertip Module with Multimodal Tactile Sensing Capability

Modern robots fall behind humans in terms of the ability to discriminate between textures of objects. This is due to the fact that robots lack the ability to detect the various tactile modalities that are required to discriminate between textures of objects. Hence, our research team developed a robot fingertip module that can discriminate textures of objects via direct contact. This robot fingertip module is based on a tactile sensor with multimodal (3-axis force and temperature) sensing capabilities. The multimodal tactile sensor was able to detect forces in the vertical (Z-axis) direction as small as 0.5 gf and showed low hysteresis error and repeatability error of less than 3% and 2% in the vertical force measurement range of 0–100 gf, respectively. Furthermore, the sensor was able to detect forces in the horizontal (X- and Y-axes) direction as small as 20 mN and could detect 3-axis forces with an average cross-talk error of less than 3%. In addition, the sensor demonstrated its multimodal sensing capability by exhibiting a near-linear output over a temperature range of 23–35 °C. The module was mounted on a motorized stage and was able to discriminate 16 texture samples based on four tactile modalities (hardness, friction coefficient, roughness, and thermal conductivity).
Beryllium Radioactive Isotopes as a Probe to Measure the Residence Time of Cosmic Rays in the Galaxy and Halo Thickness: A “Data-Driven” Approach

Cosmic rays are a powerful tool for the investigation of the structure of the magnetic fields in the Galactic halo and the properties of the inter-stellar medium. Two parameters of the cosmic ray propagation models, the Galactic halo (half) thickness, H, and the diffusion coefficient, D, are loosely constrained by current cosmic ray flux measurements; in particular, a large degeneracy exists, with only H/D being well measured. The 10Be/9Be isotopic flux ratio (thanks to the 2 My lifetime of 10Be) can be used as a radioactive clock providing the measurement of cosmic ray residence time in a galaxy. This is an important probe with which to solve the H/D degeneracy. Past measurements of 10Be/9Be isotopic flux ratios in cosmic rays are scarce, and were limited to low energy and affected by large uncertainties. Here a new technique to measure 10Be/9Be isotopic flux ratio, with a data-driven approach in magnetic spectrometers is presented. As an example, by applying the method to beryllium events published via PAMELA experiment, it is now possible to determine the important 10Be/9Be measurement while avoiding the prohibitive uncertainties coming from Monte Carlo simulations. It is shown how the accuracy of PAMELA data strengthens the experimental indication for the relativistic time dilation of 10Be decay in cosmic rays; this should improve the knowledge of the H parameter.
A Redox‐Based Model for Carbonate Platform Drowning and Ocean Anoxic Events

The deposition of marine carbonate rocks is influenced by climate and seawater chemistry. Carbonate platforms usually keep pace with subsidence and sea level rise but “platform drowning” occurs when carbonate sedimentation slows or when siliciclastics replace carbonates. Identifying specific mechanism(s) behind platform drowning is critical for understanding global environmental changes such as Ocean Anoxic Events (OAEs). We developed a model for OAEs which couples ocean basin redox processes to rates of carbonate sedimentation. Well‐oxygenated oceans have steep gradients in saturation state such that deep‐ocean dissolution is balanced by carbonate “overproduction” in shallow water. Through anaerobic metabolisms, deep‐ocean anoxia reduces both dissolution and overproduction, leading to slower accumulation rates in shallow‐water environments. This quasi‐steady state response links carbonate sedimentation with longer timescales associated with redox changes. Redox‐based drowning may have acted alongside other mechanisms to create spatially diverse patterns of platform drowning during Mesozoic OAEs and other Phanerozoic hyperthermal events.
Strontium hydroxide-modified nanoclay montmorillonite for CO2 capture: response surface methodology and adsorption mechanism

ABSTRACT In this work, the effects of surface activation and modification of nanoclay adsorbent on CO2 adsorption capacity were investigated. SEM analysis showed that after activation, the nanoclay layer structure has been retained and did not lose crystallinity as a layer structure. FTIR analysis concludes that structural changes occur even in the early stages of surface treatment with HCl. BET analysis showed that during surface activation, the MMT-4 sample had the highest specific surface area of 144.35 m2.g−1 and pore volume of 0.18 cm3·g−1. Besides, for the modified sample, mesoporous-microporous gradually decrease during surface modification with SH. In the optimisation, the effect of operating conditions including temperature, pressure, acid concentration for adsorbent surface activation, and the weight percent (wt. %) of strontium hydroxide were investigated using RSM. Optimal adsorption capacity of 102.21 mg/gwas obtained at temperature of 25°C, pressure of 9 bar, the acid concentration of 4.03 Mol/L, and SH of 16.25 wt. %. Investigation of adsorption isotherm models indicates a well-fitting correlation between the Sips isotherm model and experimental data. The best fit of the CO2 adsorption experimental data with Elovich model indicates the connection of CO2 to the modified sample by forming the chemical bonds due to the high surface energy. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic.
Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy of lower limb varicose veins: outcome and patient satisfaction

Background : Varicose veins are defined as dilated, tortuous, and elongated superficial veins of the lower limbs with incompetent valves. Sclerotherapy could be a minimally invasive technique that uses an injection of a special chemical (sclerosant) into a varicosity to wreck and scar the inside lining of the vein. Resulting in blockage of the treated vein. Objective: To explain the efficacy and safety of foam sclerotherapy within the treatment of varicose veins and to see patient’s satisfaction after ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted at Sohag University hospitals to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction following foam sclerotherapy for varicose veins. There was 60 cases with lower limb varicosities whose mean age was 33.72 years (range 20 – 52). Females represented 62% of cases, while the remaining cases were males. Results: The cosmetic appearance showed a major improvement (p < 0.001) after our intervention. Pain sensation was significantly decreased after the intervention. Only 25% of cases reported that sensation after 1 week, of which percent decreased all the way down to 3, 3, and seven during the following visits respectively. Saphenofemoral reflux was present in 48% of cases before the intervention, and it decreased all the way down to 7, 3, 3, and seven of cases at the scheduled follow up visits respectively. Complications were reported by 28% of cases. Skin hyperpigmentation was the most common complication (22%), followed by visual disturbances (8%), and thrombophlebitis (7%). Conclusion : Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy seemed to be a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency within the selected group of patients.