Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A conservation organisation’s approach to COVID-19: Lessons learned from Madagascar

Blue Ventures (BV) works holistically with communities in Madagascar, developing transformative approaches to catalyse and sustain locally led marine conservation. In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, BV’s priority was to safeguard the immediate wellbeing and livelihoods of as many communities as possible, recognising that livelihoods are integral to broader well-being. This article describes in detail BV’s health response and the perceptions of BV’s Madagascar team regarding the successes and challenges of this effort. As a result of the combined efforts of BV teams across Madagascar and in the United Kingdom, the existing healthcare services at BV’s sites were maintained, and messages about recognising and dealing with COVID-19 and the importance of vaccination were conveyed to communities that might otherwise not have received comprehensive information. Data were also collected on suspected cases in areas where testing was not available, and outbreaks of suspected COVID-19 cases were managed. Because BV’s teams are embedded within the communities where they work, they maintain strong relationships with communities and conveyed important messages around reducing the spread of COVID-19, not only via activities in response to the pandemic but also through activities for other programmes such as fisheries and livelihoods. Blue Ventures’ holistic approach ensured that the organisation had a multidimensional understanding of the impacts of the pandemic on communities, facilitating the development of more relevant messaging that considered both safety and the need for continued income-generating activities. Staff felt that an effective public health response was facilitated by strong in-country partnerships and BV’s long-standing presence in communities. Contribution The challenges in responding to the pandemic and in implementing and maintaining effective behaviour change are discussed. Although not an objective study of the effectiveness of the response or a comparison with other approaches, the lessons learned from this process are shared in the hope that they may inform responses to future shocks in low-income countries.
Phytochemical Variability, In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Investigations, and In Silico Antibacterial Mechanisms of Mentha piperita Essential Oils Collected from Two Different Regions in Morocco

The objective of this work is to explore the phytochemical profile of Mentha piperita essential oils (MPEO) collected from two different Moroccan regions using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS) and to investigate their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and, antimicrobial effects using in vivo and in vitro assays. The chemical constituent of MPEO from the Azrou zone is dominated by carvone (70.25%), while MPEO from the Ouazzane zone is rich in Menthol (43.32%) and Menthone (29.4%). MPEO from Ouezzane showed higher antioxidant activity than EO from Azrou. Nevertheless, EO from Ouezzane considerably inhibited 5-Lipoxygenase (IC50 = 11.64 ± 0.02 µg/mL) compared to EO from Azro (IC50 = 23.84 ± 0.03 µg/mL). Both EOs from Azrou and Ouazzane inhibited the α-amylase activity in vitro, with IC50 values of 131.62 ± 0.01 µg/mL and 91.64 ± 0.03 µg/mL, respectively. The EOs were also tested for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The discdiffusion test revealed that MPEOs from both regions have significant antibacterial efficacy, and MPEOs from the north region showed the highest effect. The gram-positive bacteria were the most susceptible organisms. The MIC concentrations were in the range of 0.05 to 6.25 mg/mL, and the MBC concentrations were within 0.05–25.0 mg/mL. The MBC/MIC index indicated that MPEO has strong bactericidal effects.
Defense Inducers Mediated Mitigation of Bacterial Canker in Tomato through Alteration in Oxidative Stress Markers

The bacterial canker disease of tomato caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) has been reported to adversely affect the tomato cultivation in the NE hilly regions of India. Defense inducers such as salicylic acid (SA), isonicotinic acid (INA), benzothiadiazole (BTH) and lysozyme were used as prophylactic and curative sprays at different concentrations to test their efficacy in inducing resistance in tomato plants against Cmm under protected conditions. The induced resistance was studied through the alteration in the activities of oxidative stress marker enzymes (PAL, PO, PPO, TPC and PR-2 protein), hydrogen peroxide formation in leaf tissues and lignin accumulation in stem tissues, as well as through the reduction in disease severity under glasshouse conditions. The results of the present study revealed that the enzymatic activity, hydrogen peroxide formation and lignin production were significantly higher in the BTH (500 ppm)-treated leaves than in those observed in the control. The lowest disease incidence was recorded when BTH was applied as a prophylactic spray (27.88%) in comparison to being applied as a curative spray (53.62%), thereby suggesting that a defense inducer, BTH, shows antibacterial activity against Cmm, reduces disease incidence severity and induces defense responses in the tomato plant.
A Subarcsecond ALMA Molecular Line Imaging Survey of the Circumbinary, Protoplanetary Disk Orbiting V4046 Sgr

We present a suite of Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) interferometric molecular line and continuum images that elucidate, on linear size scales of ∼30–40 au, the chemical structure of the nearby, evolved, protoplanetary disk orbiting the close binary system V4046 Sgr. The observations were undertaken in the 1.1–1.4 mm wavelength range (ALMA Bands 6 and 7) with antenna configurations involving maximum baselines of several hundred meters, yielding subarcsecond-resolution images in more than a dozen molecular species and isotopologues. Isotopologues of CO and HCN display centrally peaked morphologies of integrated emission-line intensity, whereas the line emission from complex nitrile group molecules (HC3N, CH3CN), deuterated molecules (DCN, DCO+), hydrocarbons (as traced by C2H), and potential CO ice line tracers (N2H+, and H2CO) appears as a sequence of sharp and diffuse rings. The dimensions and morphologies of HC3N and CH3CN emission are suggestive of photodesorption of organic ices from the surfaces of dust grains, while the sequence of increasing radius of peak intensity represented by DCN (smallest), DCO+, N2H+, and H2CO (largest) is qualitatively consistent with the expected decline of midplane gas temperature with increasing disk radius. Empirical modeling indicates that the sharp-edged C2H emission ring lies at relatively deep disk layers, leaving open the question of the origin of C2H abundance enhancements in evolved disks. This study of the “molecular anatomy” of V4046 Sgr should serve as motivation for additional subarcsecond ALMA molecular line imaging surveys of nearby, evolved protoplanetary disks aimed at addressing major uncertainties in protoplanetary disk physical and chemical structure and molecular production pathways.
PSR J1618-3921: a recycled pulsar in an eccentric orbit

PSR~J1618$-$3921 is an $11.99$-ms pulsar in a $22.7$-d orbit around a likely low-mass He white dwarf companion, discovered in a survey of the intermediate Galactic latitudes at 1400 MHz conducted with the Parkes radio telescope in the late 1990s. Although PSR~J1618$-$3921 was discovered more than 15 years ago, only limited information has been published about this pulsar which has a surprisingly large orbital eccentricity ($e \simeq 0.027$), considering its high spin frequency and likely small companion mass. The focus of this work is a precise measurement of the spin, astrometric and orbital characteristics of PSR J1618$-$3921. This was done with timing observations made at the Nancay Radio Telescope, from 2009 to 2017. We analyzed the timing data recorded at the Nancay Radio Telescope over several years to characterize the properties of PSR~J1618$-$3921. A rotation ephemeris for this pulsar was obtained by analyzing the times of arrival of the radio pulses at the telescope. We confirm the unusual eccentricity of PSR~J1618$-$3921 and discuss several hypotheses regarding its formation, in the context of other discoveries of recycled pulsars in eccentric orbits.
mufasa: the strength and evolution of galaxy conformity in various tracers

We investigate galaxy conformity using the Mufasa cosmological hydrodynamical simulation. We show a bimodal distribution in galaxy colour with radius, albeit with too many low-mass quenched satellite galaxies compared to observations. Mufasa produces conformity in observed properties such as colour, sSFR, and HI content; i.e neighbouring galaxies have similar properties. We see analogous trends in other properties such as in environment, stellar age, H$_2$ content, and metallicity. We introduce quantifying conformity using $S(R)$, measuring the relative difference in upper and lower quartile properties of the neighbours. We show that low-mass and non-quenched haloes have weak conformity ($S(R)\leq 0.5$) extending to large projected radii $R$ in all properties, while high-mass and quenched haloes have strong conformity ($S(R)\sim 1$) that diminishes rapidly with $R$ and disappears at $R\geq 1$ Mpc. $S(R)$ is strongest for environment in low-mass haloes, and sSFR (or colour) in high-mass haloes, and is dominated by one-halo conformity with the exception of HI in small haloes. Metallicity shows a curious anti-conformity in massive haloes. Tracking the evolution of conformity for $z=0$ galaxies back in time shows that conformity broadly emerges as a late-time ($z\leq 1$) phenomenon. However, for fixed halo mass bins, conformity is fairly constant with redshift out to $z\geq 2$. These trends are consistent with the idea that strong conformity only emerges once haloes grow above Mufasa's quenching mass scale of $\sim 10^{12}M_\odot$. A quantitative measure of conformity in various properties, along with its evolution, thus represents a new and stringent test of the impact of quenching on environment within current galaxy formation models.
Photoproduction of Λ and Σ0 hyperons off protons with linearly polarized photons at Eγ=1.5–3.0 GeV

We report the measurement of the $\gamma p \rightarrow K^{+}\Lambda$ and $\gamma p \rightarrow K^{+}\Sigma^{0}$ at SPring-8. The differential cross sections and photon-beam asymmetries are measured at forward $K^{+}$ production angles using linearly-polarized tagged-photon beams in the range of $E_{\gamma}=1.5-3.0$ GeV. With increasing photon energy, the cross sections for both the $\gamma p \rightarrow K^{+}\Lambda$ and $\gamma p \rightarrow K^{+}\Sigma^{0 }$ reactions decrease slowly. Distinct narrow structures in the production cross section have not been found a t $E_{\gamma}=1.5-3.0$ GeV. The forward peaking in the angular distributions of cross sections, a characteri stic feature of $t$-channel exchange, is observed for the production of $\Lambda $ in the whole observed energy range. A lack of similar feature for $\Sigma^{0}$ production reflects a less dominant r ole of $t$-channel contribution in this channel. The photon-beam asymmetries remain positive for both reactions, suggesting the d ominance of $K^{*}$ exchange in the $t$-channel. These asymmetries increase gradually with the photon energy, and have a maximum value of +0.6 for both the reactions. Comparison with theoretical predictions based on the Regge-trajectory in the $t$-channel and the contributions of nucleon resonances indicates the major role of $t$-channel contributions as well as non-negligible effects of nucleon resonances to account for the reaction mechanism of hyperon photoproduction in this photon energy regime.
Sc III spectral properties of astrophysical interest

Transition properties such as oscillator strengths, transition rates, branching ratios and lifetimes of many low-lying states in the doubly ionized scandium (Sc III) are reported. A relativistic method in the coupled-cluster framework has been employed to incorporate the electron correlation effects due to the Coulomb interaction to all orders by considering all possible singly and doubly excited electronic configurations conjointly with the leading order triply excited configurations in a perturbative approach. Present results are compared with the previously reported results for the transition lines of astrophysical interest. In addition, some of the transition properties and lifetimes of a few low-lying states are given for the first time. The role of the correlation effects in the evaluation of the transition strengths are described concisely.
Null geodesics and repulsive behavior of gravity in $(2+1)$D massive gravity

We study the null geodesics in a static circularly symmetric (SCS) black hole spacetime, which is a solution in the $(2+1)$D massive gravity proposed by Bergshoeff, Hohm, and Townsend (BHT massive gravity). We obtain analytic solutions for the null geodesic equation in the SCS black hole background and find the explicit form of deflection angles. We see that, for various values of the impact parameter, the deflection angle can be positive, negative, or even zero in this black hole spacetime. The negative deflection angle indicates the repulsive behavior of the gravity that comes from the gravitational hair parameter that is the most characteristic quantity of the BHT massive gravity.
MANAJEMEN PENGETAHUAN DAN TRANSFORMASI DIGITAL DI ERA INDUSTRI 4.0

This article is an overview of the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on Knowledge Management (KM), Digital Transformation (DT), and Industry 4.0, which defines the interactions, bonds, and interdependencies of these new research streams. Playing an important role in a progressive discipline, our research summarizes the state of the art past literature using a rigorous methodological approach. The researchers adopted the Scopus database in their analysis and used the Bibliometrix R package. The analysis revealed 761 peer-reviewed English articles. This study shows several research clusters: KM and DT; KM and innovation ecosystem; KM and border technology; and KM, decision making, and Industry 4.0. In addition, this article contributes to identifying growing areas of research that have uncovered previously unknown and interesting relationships between KM, DT, and the public sector. Therefore, the article emphasizes the important role of DT in the development of KM,, discusses future research perspectives as quantitative analysis and combines academics and practitioners.
Optimal weak measurements: Mixed States

In an earlier publication we had given an exhaustive analysis of the criteria for weak value measurements of pure states to be optimal in the sense considered by Wootters and Fields. We had proved, for arbitrary spin cases, that the measurements are optimal when the post-selected state is mutually unbiased wrt the eigenstates of the observable being measured.Here we extend the discussion to mixed states. For these, weak value measurements have several problems which we illustrate with the protocol proposed by Shengjun Wu. We discuss tomography of mixed states based on weak measurements and show that while the principal results of Wootters and Fields hold, namely, the set of observables needed for complete tomography are such that their eigenstates form a mutually unbiased bases, weak tomography removes a serious lacuna from the Wootters and Fields analysis i.e the need to consider only state averaged error volumes or information. We also consider another proposal for weak tomography of mixed states by Lundeen and Bamber, and reach similar conclusions about MUB.
R CrA SMM 1A: FRAGMENTATION IN A PRESTELLAR CORE

We report the discovery of multiple condensations in the prestellar core candidate SMM 1A in the R Corona Australis cloud, which may represent the earliest phase of core fragmentation observed thus far. The separation between the condensations is between 1000 and 2100 AU, and their masses range from about 0.1 to 0.2 M☉. We find that the three condensations have extremely low bolometric luminosities (<0.1 L☉) and temperatures (<20 K), indicating that these are young sources that have yet to form protostars. We suggest that these sources were formed through the fragmentation of an elongated prestellar core. Our results, in concert with other observed protostellar binary systems with separations in the scale of 1000 AU, support the scenario that prompt fragmentation in the isothermal collapse phase is an efficient mechanism for wide binary star formation, while the fragmentation in the subsequent adiabatic phase may be an additional mechanism for close (⩽100 AU) binary star formation.
Luminosity function suggests up to 100 white dwarfs within 20 pc may be hiding in multiple systems

We examine the luminosity function of white dwarfs (WDs) in the local ``complete'' WD sample ($d<20$ pc) of Holberg et. al. 2008. We find that the fraction of bright and young WDs is anomalously high among the WDs detected in multiple systems with main sequence (MS) companions compared to that of the single WDs and theoretical expectations. This indicates a significant observation bias against finding relatively faint WDs in multiple systems. At the bright end ($M_V<11.5$), the amount of WDs with MS companions is approximately equal to that of single white dwarfs, indicating that $\gtrsim 50\%$ of WDs have MS companions, consistent with the high multiplicity fraction of early-type MS stars. If true, a significant fraction of WDs in multiple systems within 20 pc may have not been detected yet, and the number density of WDs in the solar neighborhood and elsewhere may be up to twice as much as presently believed.
Elicitation of requirements for innovative visual patent retrieval based on interviews with experts

Patent searching is a complex task and is mainly performed by experts in the field. Research shows that the integration of drawings into the search process is considered useful by experts and should therefore play a more important role in patent retrieval. In this study, experts were interviewed to find out when and in what form patent drawings should be integrated into the search process. The study combines qualitative data analysis and techniques from requirements engineering resulting in the context sensitive method called Q-rEx. The interviews were analysed with a mixed form of deductive and inductive category formation and combined with standards of patent retrieval systems. Experts want patent drawings to be more integrated in the search process to better analyse the relevance of patents. Therefore, in this study, requirements for innovative visual patent retrieval have been derived from actual user needs. The method presented in this study contributes to transparent and comprehensible user-centred elicitation of requirements regarding innovative visual patent retrieval. Not only the method needs further testing but also the integration of the requirements must be evaluated in additional user research.
Functional renormalization group study of parallel double quantum dots: Effects of asymmetric dot-lead couplings

We explore the effects of asymmetry of hopping parameters between double parallel quantum dots and the leads on the conductance and a possibility of local magnetic moment formation in this system using functional renormalization group approach with the counterterm. We demonstrate a possibility of a quantum phase transition to a local moment regime (so called singular Fermi liquid (SFL) state) for various types of hopping asymmetries and discuss respective gate voltage dependences of the conductance. It is shown, that depending on the type of the asymmetry, the system can demonstrate either a first order quantum phase transition to SFL state, accompanied by a discontinuous change of the conductance, similarly to the symmetric case, or the second order quantum phase transition, in which the conductance is continuous and exhibits Fano-type asymmetric resonance near the transition point. A semi-analytical explanation of these different types of conductance behavior is presented.
Artificial Magnetic Field Quenches in Synthetic Dimensions

Recent cold atom experiments have realized models where each hyperfine state at an optical lattice site can be regarded as a separate site in a synthetic dimension. In such synthetic ribbon configurations, manipulation of the transitions between the hyperfine levels provide direct control of the hopping in the synthetic dimension. This effect was used to simulate a magnetic field through the ribbon. Precise control over the hopping matrix elements in the synthetic dimension makes it possible to change this artificial magnetic field much faster than the time scales associated with atomic motion in the lattice. In this paper, we consider such a magnetic flux quench scenario in synthetic dimensions. Sudden changes have not been considered for real magnetic fields as such changes in a conducting system would result in large induced currents. Hence, we first study the difference between a time varying real magnetic field and an artificial magnetic field using a minimal six site model. This minimal model clearly shows the connection between gauge dependence and the lack of on site induced scalar potential terms. We then investigate the dynamics of a wavepacket in an infinite two or three leg ladder following a flux quench and find that the gauge choice has a dramatic effect on the packet dynamics. Specifically, a wavepacket splits into a number of smaller packets. Both the weights and the number of packets depend on the implemented gauge. If an initial packet, prepared under zero flux in a n--leg ladder, is quenched to Hamiltonian with a vector potential parallel to the ladder; it splits into at most $n$ smaller wavepackets. The same initial packet splits up to $n^2$ packets if the vector potential is implemented to be along the rungs. Finally, we show that edge states in a thick ribbon are robust under the quench only when the same gap supports an edge state for the final Hamiltonian.
X-ray photodesorption and proton destruction in protoplanetary discs: pyrimidine

The organic compounds HCN and C2H2, present in protoplanetary disks, may react to form precursor molecules of the nucleobases, such as the pyrimidine molecule, C4H4N2. Depending on the temperature in a given region of the disk, molecules are in the gas phase or condensed onto grain surfaces. The action of X-ray photons and MeV protons, emitted by the young central star, may lead to several physical and chemical processes in such prestellar environments. In this work we have experimentally investigated the ionization, dissociation and desorption processes of pyrimidine in the condensed and the gas phase stimulated by soft X-rays and protons, respectively. Pyrimidine was frozen at temperatures below 130 K and irradiated with X-rays at energies from 394 to 427 eV. In the gas phase experiment, a pyrimidine effusive jet at room temperature was bombarded with protons of 2.5 MeV. In both experiments, the time-of-flight mass-spectrometry technique was employed. Partial photodesorption ion yields as a function of the X-ray photon energy for ions such as C3H2+, HC3NH+ and C4H+ were determined. The experimental results were applied to conditions of the protoplanetary disk of TW Hydra star. Assuming three density profiles of molecular hydrogen, 1 x 10^6, 1 x 10^7 and 1 x 10^8 cm^-3, we determined HC3NH+ ion-production rates of the order of 10^-31 up to 10^-8 ions cm^-3 s^-1. Integrating over 1 x 10^6 yr, HC3NH^+ column density values, ranging from 3.47 x 10^9 to 1.29 x 10^13 cm^-2, were obtained as a function of the distance from central star. The optical depth is the main variable that affects ions production. In addition, computational simulations were used to determine the kinetic energies of ions desorbed from pyrimidine ice distributed between ~ 7 and 15 eV.