Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience Systems Neuroscience

2007). Understanding sequential cell fi ring in the neocortex and its functional implications has been the objective of several experimen-Such precise temporal sequences might arise during spontaneous activity (Mao et al., 2001; Kang et al., 2008). Moreover, it has been recently shown that cell assemblies formed in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) of awake rats are transiently reactivated during SWS in the form of transient co-fi ring of subgroups of cells, most often near the beginning and end of the UP state (Peyrache et al., 2009). Nevertheless, the temporal structure of fi ring in UP states and its determinants are still largely unexplored. Here we study cell fi ring order at UP state initiation by analyzing neuronal ensemble data from the prefrontal cortex of naturally sleeping rats, concentrating on the global cortical dynamics giving rise to the UP state, and the activation of information-carrying activity patterns which may play a role in memory trace consolidation (Buzsaki, 1989; Sutherland and McNaughton, 2000). Furthermore, from a methodological point of view, it is important to be able to rigorously characterize sequential neural activity during UP states, and the underlying mechanisms. Previously, two principal approaches have been used to detect activation sequences: fi rst, sequences are constructed on the basis of the fi ring time of the fi rst spike of the respective neurons. Sequences are then detected with a statistical matching algorithm based on the order of spike occurrence only, inspired by genome analysis techniques (Lee and Kesner, 2002; Ikegaya et al., 2004; Ji and Wilson, 2007). Alternatively, sequences are derived from peak fi ring times in the time series of
Continuous-time mean-variance asset-liability management with stochastic interest rates and inflation risks

This paper investigates a continuous-time Markowitz mean-variance asset-liability management (ALM) problem under stochastic interest rates and inflation risks. We assume that the company can invest in $n + 1$ assets: one risk-free bond and $n$ risky stocks. The risky stock's price is governed by a geometric Brownian motion (GBM), and the uncontrollable liability follows a Brownian motion with drift, respectively. The correlation between the risky assets and the liability is considered. The objective is to minimize the risk (measured by variance) of the terminal wealth subject to a given expected terminal wealth level. By applying the Lagrange multiplier method and stochastic control approach, we derive the associated Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation, which can be converted into six partial differential equations (PDEs). The closed-form solutions for these six PDEs are derived by using the homogenization approach and the variable transformation technique. Then the closed-form expressions for the efficient strategy and efficient frontier are obtained. In addition, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the results.
Nebulised interferon-β1a (SNG001) in hospitalised COVID-19: SPRINTER phase III study

Background Despite the availability of vaccines and therapies, patients are being hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Interferon (IFN)-β is a naturally occurring protein that stimulates host immune responses against most viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. SNG001 is a recombinant IFN-β1a formulation delivered to the lungs via nebuliser. SPRINTER assessed the efficacy and safety of SNG001 in adults hospitalised due to COVID-19 who required oxygen via nasal prongs or mask. Methods Patients were randomised double-blind to SNG001 (n=309) or placebo (n=314) once daily for 14 days plus standard of care (SoC). The primary objective was to evaluate recovery after administration of SNG001 versus placebo, in terms of times to hospital discharge and recovery to no limitation of activity. Key secondary end-points were progression to severe disease or death, progression to intubation or death and death. Results Median time to hospital discharge was 7.0 and 8.0 days with SNG001 and placebo, respectively (hazard ratio (HR) 1.06 (95% CI 0.89–1.27); p=0.51); time to recovery was 25.0 days in both groups (HR 1.02 (95% CI 0.81–1.28); p=0.89). There were no significant SNG001–placebo differences for the key secondary end-points, with a 25.7% relative risk reduction in progression to severe disease or death (10.7% and 14.4%, respectively; OR 0.71 (95% CI 0.44–1.15); p=0.161). Serious adverse events were reported by 12.6% and 18.2% patients with SNG001 and placebo, respectively. Conclusions Although the primary objective of the study was not met, SNG001 had a favourable safety profile, and the key secondary end-points analysis suggested that SNG001 may have prevented progression to severe disease. Although the primary objective was not met, potentially due to improved standard of care, SNG001 had a favourable safety profile and key secondary end-points analysis suggested that SNG001 may have impacted progression of COVID-19 to severe disease https://bit.ly/3huTDX9
Diminished and erratic absorption of ergocalciferol in adult cystic fibrosis patients.

BACKGROUND Osteoporosis diminishes the quality of life in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). Vitamin D deficiency resulting from malabsorption may be a factor in the etiology of low bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with CF. OBJECTIVE Absorption of oral ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and the consequent response of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in 10 adults with CF and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was compared with that of 10 healthy control subjects. DESIGN In this pharmacokinetic study, CF patients and control subjects were pair-matched on age, sex, and race. Each subject consumed 2500 microg oral vitamin D2 with a meal. The CF group also took pancreatic enzymes that provided > or = 80000 U lipase. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and at 5, 10, 24, 30, and 36 h after vitamin D2 consumption to measure serum vitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. RESULTS Vitamin D2 concentrations in all subjects were near zero at baseline. CF patients absorbed less than one-half the amount of oral vitamin D2 that was absorbed by control subjects (P < 0.001). Absorption by the CF patients varied greatly; 2 patients absorbed virtually no vitamin D2. The rise in 25-hydroxyvitamin D in response to vitamin D2 absorption was significantly lower over time in the CF group than in the control group (P = 0.0012). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D2 absorption was significantly lower in CF patients than in control subjects. These results may help explain the etiology of vitamin D deficiency in CF patients, which may contribute to their low BMD.
Anuário do Instituto de Geociências

Geological modeling is the primary task of any exploratory geological investigation, and it is performed even during the mine development. In the study area, the Serra dos Quintos Formation hosts banded iron formations represented by assorted itabirites. The database used in this work was exploited from a geological databank which was structured to gather data and information depicted from an exhaustive exploratory drilling program. A survey was performed throughout the entire databank to collect the available thickness data values (measured in meters) from drill core logs that intersected the itabirite. Since structural heterogeneities can occur within these rocks, this study aims to identify such features. Geostatistical estimation and simulation methods were employed to map folded itabiritic beds based on thickness data accurately. Kriging estimators are often used for practical reasons; however, sometimes, the estimates can be smoothed and do not represent the entire original data range. Simulation algorithms can yield several stochastic images, but local accuracy cannot always be guaranteed. Simulated annealing was performed by adjusting the global statistics and preserving the local accuracy. We demonstrated that the banded iron formations’ thicker areas might correspond to the antiform fold as the dominant tectonic feature in the study area. Finally, we show that the simulated thickness map discloses the thicker mineralized spots. Meanwhile, the thinner ones may unveil intrinsic structural heterogeneities mainly observed at the limbs of the Bonito fold, where intensive deformation within the itabiritic layer was higher than expected. Concerning the mining issues, information obtained from the simulated thickness map could provide ancillary data to improve mining planning in the study area.
Nonlinear observer design for one‐sided Lipschitz systems with time‐varying delay and uncertainties

This paper investigates the problem of state observer design for a class of nonlinear uncertain dynamical systems with interval time‐varying delay and the one‐sided Lipschitz condition. By constructing the novel Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional while utilizing the free‐weighting matrices approach, the one‐sided Lipschitz condition and the quadratic inner‐bounded condition, novel sufficient conditions, which guarantee the observer error converge asymptotically to zero, are established for a class of nonlinear dynamical systems with interval time‐varying delay in terms of the linear matrix inequalities. The computing method for observer gain matrix is given. Finally, two examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compound L0 regularization method for image blind motion deblurring

Abstract. Blind image deblurring is one of the challenging problems in image processing and computer vision. The main purpose of blind image deblurring is to estimate the correct blur kernel and restore the latent image with edge-preservation, details-protection, and ringing suppression. In order to achieve ideal results, an innovative compound L0-regularized model is proposed to estimate the blur kernel by regularizing the sparsity property of natural images and two characteristics of blur kernel, such as continuity and sparsity. In the alternating direction framework, the split Bregman algorithm and half-quadratic splitting rule are alternatively employed to optimize the proposed kernel estimation model. Finally, a nonblind restoration method with ringing suppression is developed to obtain the ultimate latent image. Extensive experiments demonstrate the efficiency and viability of the proposed method compared with some state-of-the-art blind deblurring methods.
Chemical Reaction and Radiation Effects on Unsteady MHD Convective flow Through a Porous Medium in the Presence of Heat Absorption

Influences of chemical reaction and radiation on unsteady magnetohydodynamic free convection flow of an electrically conducting fluid past an exponentially accelerated infinite vertical plate through a porous medium with constant heat flux under the presence of uniform magnetic field fixed relative to the fluid or to the plate in the consideration of heat absorption have been studied. The governing partial differential equations of the flow have been solved analytically by using Laplace transform technique and the profiles for the velocity, temperature and concentration were discussed. The effects of various physical parameters such as the Prandtl number, heat absorption parameter, radiation parameter, Grashof number, Chemical reaction parameter, magnetic field parameter and permeability parameters on the flow fields are analyzed through graphs.
Prevalence and risk factors of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in healthy males: a study on Finnish conscripts.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Prevalence of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the general population is not known. No one test alone can detect all HPV infections. GOAL OF THIS STUDY: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in healthy males. Voluntary Finnish Army conscripts were examined using peniscopy, cytology (PAP smear) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in brush cytology samples. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 1,471 (99.6%) males completed the questionnaire soliciting their sexual habits, and 432 of them enrolled in the clinical study. RESULTS: The study group differed from the nonattenders in that they reported more often genitourinary symptoms (P < 0.001), had more casual sexual partners (P = 0.002), and previous STDs (P < 0.001). Classical genital warts were present in 24/432 (5.6%) and papular lesions in 8/432 (1.9%) males. Acetowhite lesions were disclosed in 151/432 (35.0%) cases, of which 61 (14.1%) had peniscopically typical flat HPV lesions. Koilocytes were found in 13/201 (6.5%) PAP smears. HPV DNA was disclosed by PCR in 16.5% (47/285) of the adequate cell smears, and in 7.1% of the males with no peniscopic abnormalities. When considering the men with HPV-positive PCR findings and/or typical peniscopic pattern as HPV-infected (26.2%), many casual partners, previous STDs and no use of condom were significant risk factors for genital HPV infections in the logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The reliable assessment of the prevalence of genital HPV infections in healthy males is not only skewed by the selection of the study group by symptoms and promiscuity, but also by the lack of a universally acceptable screening method. The data confirm sexual promiscuity as the most important risk factor for genital HPV infections.
An International Consensus Definition for Contextual Factors: Findings from a Nominal Group Technique

Emerging literature suggests contextual factors are important components of therapeutic encounters and may substantially influence clinical outcomes of a treatment intervention. At present, a single consensus definition of contextual factors, which is universal across all health-related conditions is lacking. The objective of this study was to create a consensus definition of contextual factors to better refine this concept for clinicians and researchers. The study used a multi-stage virtual Nominal Group Technique (vNGT) to create and rank contextual factor definitions. Nominal group techniques are a form of consensus-based research, and are beneficial for identifying problems, exploring solutions and establishing priorities. The 10 international vNGT participants had a variety of clinical backgrounds and research specializations and were all specialists in contextual factors research. The initial stages of the vNGT resulted in the creation of 14 independent contextual factor definitions. After a prolonged discussion period, the initial definitions were heavily modified, and 12 final definitions were rank ordered by the vNGT participants from first to last. A sixth round was used to identify a final consensus, which reflected the complexity of contextual factors and included three primary domains: 1) an overall definition; 2) qualifiers that serve as examples of the key areas of the definition; and 3) how contextual factors may influence clinical outcomes. Our consensus definition of contextual factors seeks to improve the understanding and communication between clinicians and researchers. These are especially important in recognizing their potential role in moderating/mediating clinical outcomes.
On the constrained minimization of smooth Kurdyka—Łojasiewicz functions with the scaled gradient projection method

The scaled gradient projection (SGP) method is a first-order optimization method applicable to the constrained minimization of smooth functions and exploiting a scaling matrix multiplying the gradient and a variable steplength parameter to improve the convergence of the scheme. For a general nonconvex function, the limit points of the sequence generated by SGP have been proved to be stationary, while in the convex case and with some restrictions on the choice of the scaling matrix the sequence itself converges to a constrained minimum point. In this paper we extend these convergence results by showing that the SGP sequence converges to a limit point provided that the objective function satisfies the Kurdyka-Łojasiewicz property at each point of its domain and its gradient is Lipschitz continuous.
Further Lunar Occultations from the 2.4 m Thai National Telescope

We present the latest lunar occultation (LO) results obtained at the 2.4 m Thai National Telescope, continuing a program started in 2014. We report on 21 LO events for 20 stellar sources, yielding 7 binary stars, 1 angular diameter, and 1 star with extended circumstellar emission. These results, some of which are obtained for the first time, are discussed in the context of previous observations when available.
Infection and Drug Resistance Dovepress the Relationship between Hand Hygiene and Health Care-associated Infection: It's Complicated

The reasoning that improved hand hygiene compliance contributes to the prevention of health care-associated infections is widely accepted. It is also accepted that high hand hygiene alone cannot impact formidable risk factors, such as older age, immunosuppression, admission to the intensive care unit, longer length of stay, and indwelling devices. When hand hygiene interventions are concurrently undertaken with other routine or special preventive strategies, there is a potential for these concurrent strategies to confound the effect of the hand hygiene program. The result may be an overestimation of the hand hygiene intervention unless the design of the intervention or analysis controls the effect of the potential confounders. Other epidemio-logic principles that may also impact the result of a hand hygiene program include failure to consider measurement error of the content of the hand hygiene program and the measurement error of compliance. Some epidemiological errors in hand hygiene programs aimed at reducing health care-associated infections are inherent and not easily controlled. Nevertheless, the inadvertent omission by authors to report these common epidemiological errors, including concurrent infection prevention strategies, suggests to readers that the effect of hand hygiene is greater than the sum of all infection prevention strategies. Worse still, this omission does not assist evidence-based practice. Background History of the leading guidelines
The limit of time resolution in frequency modulation atomic force microscopy by a pump-probe approach

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) routinely achieves structural information in the sub-nm length scale. Measuring time resolved properties on this length scale to understand kinetics at the nm scale remains an elusive goal. We present a general analysis of the lower limit for time resolution in AFM. Our finding suggests that the time resolution in AFM is ultimately limited by the well-known thermal limit of AFM and not as often proposed by the mechanical response time of the force sensing cantilever. We demonstrate a general pump-probe approach using the cantilever as a detector responding to the averaged signal. This method can be applied to any excitation signal such as electrical, thermal, magnetic or optical. Experimental implementation of this method allows us to measure a photocarrier decay time of ∼1 ps in low temperature grown GaAs using a cantilever with a resonant frequency of 280 kHz.
The Effect of Inflation on Economic Growth in Iran with Special Emphasis on Uncertainty

هديكچ دپ ي مروت هد وب ي هژ اهخرن رد ي قتسم روط هب لااب ي غ و م ي قتسم ر ي زه ،م ي ز هن ي دا ي ج رب ار هعما محت ي م ل ي امن ي د . نچمه ي ن پ ي ما اهد ي ءوس زا ان مطا ي نان ي شان مروت ي م ي دوش . ا رد ي ن ز تلااؤس ،طابترا ي تسا حرطم ر : مروت خرن مطاان و ي نان ي ، داصتقا دشر رب ي ا رد ي نار ريثات هچ ي دراد ؟ آ ي راتخاس تسكش هطقن ا ي م هطبار رب ي و مروت نا داصتقا دشر ي ا رد ي م رثا نار ي ؟دراذگ ،رضاح هعلاطم سررب هب ي ثأت ي ان و مروت ر مطا ي نان ي نآ داصتقا دشر رب ي هرود رد 86 1353 رظن رد اب راتخاس تسكش هطقن نتفرگ ي ارب ي ا داصتقا ي نار هدش حرطم تلااوس هب خساپ و م ي دزادرپ . ارب ي دروآرب داقم ي مطاان ر ي نان ي زا مروت ر دوخ يطرش يناسمهان سنايراو لدم گ هتفاي ميمعت ويسر ) GARCH ( هدافتسا لحت ساسا رب و هدش ي ل اه هداد ي هعلاطم دروم ، راتخاس تسكش هطقن ي مروت خرن رد 20 عت دصرد يي ن درگ ي تسا هد . وگلا رد ي ا رظن دروم ي هعلاطم ن داصتقا دشر ي ، عبات ي امرس دشر خرن ،لوپ مجح دشر خرن ،مروت خرن زا ي ه قح تباث صلاخان ي ق ي مطاان و ي نان ي م مروت ي دشاب . اتن ي قحت ج ي كاح ق ي ثأت هك تسا نآ زا ي روت ر دشر رب م داصتقا ي فنم ي م ي دشاب . زا رتمك حوطس رد 20 ا دصرد ي ثأت ن ي فنم ر ي ، رتمك ي خرن رد و رادقم ن اه ي ،رتلااب ازفا ي م ش ي ي دبا . نچمه ي ن ثأت ي ر مطاان ي نان ي ط مروت ي داصتقا دشر رب هعلاطم دروم هرود ي فنم ي تسا .
Laser Cooling of Intense Relativistic Ion Beams

Doppler laser cooling is a technique to reduce the longitudinal momentum spread of an ion beam in a circular accelerator. In the past, the principle was investigated and verified on non-relativistic ion beams. Within the FAIR project, laser cooling will be applied to high intensity and relativistic ion beams for the first time. Laser cooling results in a further increase of the longitudinal ion density and creates exotic longitudinal phase space distributions. In order to ensure stable operation and optimize the cooling process, this dissertation numerically investigates the particle dynamics and the interplay of the laser force and high intensity effects. This work describes the ion-photon interaction and derives the laser force on ions at relativistic energies. The force is calculated for continuous wave and pulsed laser excitations. The pulsed laser excitation results in a broadband force, which interacts with all ions simultaneously, whereas the width of the continuous wave laser force is typically three to four orders of magnitude smaller. In order to interact with all ions, the position of the continuous wave laser force is scanned during the cooling process. The particle dynamics during the cooling processes for both laser forces are analyzed and compared. The impact of heating effects during the laser cooling process is also investigated. Scattering events within the beams limit the maximum ion intensity for the cooling for both a continuous wave or a pulsed laser system. In addition, numerical simulations show two instabilities, that arise during the scan of the continuous wave laser force and are triggered by space charge. This work describes the development of the instabilities and the impact on the laser cooling process. Analytical expressions for the threshold of instabilities and maximum ion intensities are given. The scaling of the cooling process and intensity limitations with beam energy is discussed in order to evaluate the prospects of laser cooling experiments at relativistic energies. The work concludes with the comparison of the cooling process of non-relativistic carbon ions and relativistic titanium ions. The comparison emphasizes the main challenges for laser cooling experiments in the SIS100 synchrotron at FAIR.
DAUN ASAM JAWA ( TAMARINDUS INDICA L . )

Leaves of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) has been traditionally used to treat some diseases such as: constipation, dyspepsia, flatulence and urinary tract infection. The leaves extract also reported has antibacterial and antidiabetic activities. It is essential to determine its specific and non specific parameters in assesing the quality and safety. The samples collected from three different perferctures. Grounded samples were macerated with ethanol. The extracts were subjected to determine its characteristic parameters. Parameter of quality for the extracts consisted of water content, ethanolextractive, water-extractive, loss on drying, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, solvent residue and heavy metal content. Phytochemical identification showed that the extract contains flanovoid, tannin, glycosides, and saponin. TLC chromatogram using chloroform-methanol-water (80:12:2) as mobile phase, exhibited 4 spots after sprayed with iron(III) chloride. Total phenolic was determined spectrophotometrically using Folin Ciocalteu reagent, gave 0.35-8.24% total phenolic as gallic acid.