Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drug-protein interaction prediction via variational autoencoders and attention mechanisms

During the process of drug discovery, exploring drug-protein interactions (DPIs) is a key step. With the rapid development of biological data, computer-aided methods are much faster than biological experiments. Deep learning methods have become popular and are mainly used to extract the characteristics of drugs and proteins for further DPIs prediction. Since the prediction of DPIs through machine learning cannot fully extract effective features, in our work, we propose a deep learning framework that uses variational autoencoders and attention mechanisms; it utilizes convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to obtain local features and attention mechanisms to obtain important information about drugs and proteins, which is very important for predicting DPIs. Compared with some machine learning methods on the C.elegans and human datasets, our approach provides a better effect. On the BindingDB dataset, its accuracy (ACC) and area under the curve (AUC) reach 0.862 and 0.913, respectively. To verify the robustness of the model, multiclass classification tasks are performed on Davis and KIBA datasets, and the ACC values reach 0.850 and 0.841, respectively, thus further demonstrating the effectiveness of the model.
Language and Speech Characteristics in Autism

Abstract The aim of this paper is to provide information regarding diversity in speech and language profiles of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and try to classify these profiles according to the combination of the communication difficulties. Research findings confirm the existence of heterogeneity of communication challenges in ASD across the lifespan. A lot of children with ASD experience communication challenges and strengths across all language sub-systems including pragmatics, grammar, semantics, syntax, phonology, and morphology in both oral and written language, while some children with autism demonstrate exceptional language abilities incl. linguistic creativity. Communication issues vary on a continuum of severity so that some children may be verbal, whereas others remain non-verbal or minimally-verbal. The diversity of profiles in speech and language development stem from either the presence of comorbid factors, as a core symptom of autistic behavior without comorbidity or both, with the development of complex clinical symptoms. Difficulties with the semantic aspect of language affect the individual’s skills in abstract thinking, multiple meanings of words, concept categorization, and so on. Finally, the coexistence of ASD with other communication difficulties such as a Language Disorder, Apraxia of Speech, Speech Sound Disorders or/and other neurodevelopmental disorders raises the need for examining more carefully the emergence of new clinical profiles and clinical markers useful in performing differential diagnosis and different intervention.
The Impact of Financial Literacy on Investment Decisions: A Study on Generation Z in Bandung

The digitation of financial services is changing the way people participate in the financial markets as well as their daily lives. Automated technology in the online investment platforms have made it easier for people, especially Generation Z to invest because this feature aims to create an easier way to access the investment process by integrating financial services into investment selections. This research will focus on the relation between financial literacy and investment decisions. This study will measure how impactful is financial literacy in people’s decision on investment. The population of this research is the members of Generation Z, people who were born in 1997 to 2021, and are fulfilling the requirements to do an investment, that specifically live in Bandung, Indonesia. Online questionnaires were conducted and there were more than 200 respondents who participated in this research. Quantitative method was used to analyse the data collected. The relationship between financial literacy and investment decision was analysed using linear regression with SPSS software. The result showed that financial literacy affected people’s investment decisions. Hopefully this research can give some guidance for people who are experts in the financial sector and can spread more awareness regarding the importance of financial literacy.
The predictors of hyperglycemia and its effects on neurological outcome in the patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage undergoing surgical clipping: A prospective observational study

Background: Following intracranial aneurysm rupture, 70–90% of patients have hyperglycemia as a stressful response. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia is deleterious if not controlled well. The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence, risk factors of hyperglycemia, and its effect on outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients who underwent aneurysmal clipping. Methods: Following intracranial aneurysm rupture, 70–90% of patients have hyperglycemia as a stressful response. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia is deleterious if not controlled well. The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence, risk factors of hyperglycemia, and its effect on outcome in aSAH patients who underwent aneurysmal clipping. Results: At admission, the prevalence of hyperglycemia and severe hyperglycemia was 31.8% and 6.8%, respectively. Perioperative hyperglycemia and severe hyperglycemia were seen in 75.7% and 27%, respectively. History of diabetes mellitus (DM), higher admission random blood sugar, and higher admission mean blood pressure were predictors of perioperative hyperglycemia (P- 0.046, 0.00, and 0.004, respectively) and severe hyperglycemia (P- 0.048, 0.00, and 0.031). In addition, female sex, prolonged duration of anesthesia, and surgery were also found to be the predictors of hyperglycemia (P- 0.025, 0.07, and 0.012). Increased ventilator, intensive care unit, and hospital days were associated with perioperative hyperglycemia and severe hyperglycemia, respectively (P ≤ 0.006/0.00, P ≤ 0.007/0.00, and P ≤ 0.038/0.00). Poor Glasgow Outcome Score at 1 and 3 months after discharge was associated with admission and perioperative hyperglycemia ([P ≤ 0.000/0.000 and P ≤ 0.000/0.000], respectively). However, no association was seen between mortality and hyperglycemia or severe hyperglycemia. Conclusion: A higher prevalence of hyperglycemia is present in aSAH patients. A higher incidence of perioperative hyperglycemia is associated with poor neurological outcomes. Hence, the identification of risk factors and meticulous perioperative control of hyperglycemia will help in preventing poor neurological outcomes.
Research Progress of Urban Wind and Thermal Environment Based on CiteSpace and China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database

The urban wind–thermal environment affects the sustainable development of the urban ecological environment. In recent years, China has frequently suffered from storms, hurricanes, floods, and other disasters that damage the urban ecology. The urban wind and thermal environment involves many components; therefore, it is necessary to systematically review the current research progress in China. This paper uses CiteSpace software to analyze researchers, institutions, keywords, and research hotspots. By summarizing the knowledge structure, temporal and spatial distribution, evolution trends, and frontiers and hotspots of urban wind and thermal environment research, it is found that (1) the urban wind and thermal environment has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of the urban ecological environment; (2) the cooperative relationship between authors generally presents the characteristics of “large dispersion, small aggregation”, and the inter-institutional cooperation in this field is close and forms part of the interdisciplinary cooperation; (3) the research content involves a variety of disciplines and provides a good platform for interdisciplinary research, and the focus of the research has gradually shifted from the macro urban layout to the micro urban local environment; and (4) in order to obtain a more targeted understanding of the mechanisms of the urban wind–thermal environment, technical methods and regulatory means should be used to study the target at different scales and levels. In the future, multidisciplinary communication should be strengthened, qualitative and quantitative research should be performed with the help of mature technical methods in various disciplines, and the scale classification of research objects should be refined to improve the theoretical methods and evaluation system of each scale.
Functionalized Silver and Gold Nanomaterials with Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications

The functionalization of nanomaterials with suitable capping ligands or bioactive agents is an interesting strategy in designing nanosystems with suitable applicability and biocompatibility; the physicochemical and biological properties of these nanomaterials can be highly improved for biomedical applications. In this context, numerous explorations have been conducted in the functionalization of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanomaterials using suitable functional groups or agents to design nanosystems with unique physicochemical properties such as excellent biosensing capabilities, biocompatibility, targeting features, and multifunctionality for biomedical purposes. Future studies should be undertaken for designing novel functionalization tactics to improve the properties of Au- and Ag-based nanosystems and reduce their toxicity. The possible release of cytotoxic radicals or ions, the internalization of nanomaterials, the alteration of cellular signaling pathways, the translocation of these nanomaterials across the cell membranes into mitochondria, DNA damages, and the damage of cell membranes are the main causes of their toxicity, which ought to be comprehensively explored. In this study, recent advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic applications of functionalized Au and Ag nanomaterials are deliberated, focusing on important challenges and future directions.
BE SAFE OR BE SORRY: A SCOPING REVIEW ON CHILDREN’S SAFETY AND SECURITY AWARENESS

The rapid growth of urbanisation has brought significant benefits to the world economy and cultural and societal development and increased social problems worldwide. The nature of crime is not uniform but varies from geographical region to another. In some areas, property crime is more common, while crime against a person (violent) is prevalent in others. In recent years, children’s safety and security have become more prevalent. Thus, this review emphasises the awareness of children’s safety and security worldwide. Hence, the primary goal of this scoping review is to uncover previous research on steps and strategies applied by many in creating awareness among young children about safety and security knowledge. This scoping review was reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Five databases, namely Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Semantic Scholar, and Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE), were used for data scoping. A total of 20 studies were identified to be eligible for selection.
The truncated complex -moment problem

Let γ ≡ γ(2n) denote a sequence of complex numbers γ00, γ01, γ10, . , γ0,2n, . , γ2n,0 (γ00 > 0, γij = γji), and let K denote a closed subset of the complex plane C. The Truncated Complex K-Moment Problem for γ entails determining whether there exists a positive Borel measure μ on C such that γij = ∫ zizj dμ (0 ≤ i + j ≤ 2n) and suppμ ⊆ K. For K ≡ KP a semi-algebraic set determined by a collection of complex polynomials P = {pi (z, z)}mi=1, we characterize the existence of a finitely atomic representing measure with the fewest possible atoms in terms of positivity and extension properties of the moment matrix M (n) (γ) and the localizing matrices Mpi . We prove that there exists a rankM (n)-atomic representing measure for γ(2n) supported in KP if and only if M (n) ≥ 0 and there is some rankpreserving extension M (n+ 1) for which Mpi (n+ ki) ≥ 0, where deg pi = 2ki or 2ki − 1 (1 ≤ i ≤ m).
Placental proteome in late-onset of fetal growth restriction

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) occurs when the fetus does not reach its genetically programmed intrauterine potential for growth and affects ~5–10% of pregnancies. This condition is one of the leading causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity associated with obstetric and neonatal complications. Placental dysfunction in FGR causes an impairment in the transfer of nutrients and oxygen from the mother to the developing fetus. Maternal adaptations to placental insufficiency may also play a role in the pathophysiology of FGR. The present study aimed to compare the proteome of the placentas of 18 women with the physiological course of pregnancy and eutrophic fetus [estimated fetal weight (EFW) >10th percentile; control group] and 18 women with late FGR (EFW <10th percentile) diagnosed after 32 weeks of pregnancy, according to the Delphi consensus (study group). The U. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare two independent groups. The R. Spearman correlation coefficient significance test was used to assess the existence of a relationship between the analyzed measurable parameters. P<0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. The tests showed the presence of 356 different proteins which were responsible for the regulation of gene transcription control, inhibiting the activity of proteolytic enzymes, regulation of trophoblast proliferation and angiogenesis and inflammatory response. In the FGR placental proteome, other detected proteins were mostly involved in response to oxidative stress, cellular oxidation and detoxication, apoptosis, hemostatic and catabolic processes, energy transduction protein interactions, cell proliferation, differentiation and intracellular signaling. The present study used chromatographic mass-spectrometry to compare the placental proteome profiles in pregnancies complicated by late-onset FGR and normal pregnancy. Comparative analysis of proteomes from normal and FGR placentas showed significant differences. Further research is needed to clarify maternal and fetal adaptations to FGR.
SELF-CONVERGENCE OF RADIATIVELY COOLING CLUMPS IN THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM

Isolated regions of higher density populate the interstellar medium (ISM) on all scales—from molecular clouds, to the star-forming regions known as cores, to heterogeneous ejecta found near planetary nebulae and supernova remnants. These clumps interact with winds and shocks from nearby energetic sources. Understanding the interactions of shocked clumps is vital to our understanding of the composition, morphology, and evolution of the ISM. The evolution of shocked clumps is well understood in the limiting “adiabatic” case where physical processes such as self-gravity, heat conduction, radiative cooling, and magnetic fields are ignored. In this paper, we address the issue of evolution and convergence when one of these processes—radiative cooling—is included. Numeric convergence studies demonstrate that the evolution of an adiabatic clump is well captured by roughly 100 cells per clump radius. The presence of radiative cooling, however, imposes limits on the problem due to the removal of thermal energy. Numerical studies which include radiative cooling typically adopt the 100–200 cells per clump radius resolution. In this paper, we present the results of a convergence study for radiatively cooling clumps undertaken over a broad range of resolutions, from 12 to 1536 cells per clump radius, employing adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) in a two-dimensional axisymmetric geometry (2.5 dimensions). We also provide a fully three-dimensional simulation, at 192 cells per clump radius, which supports our 2.5 dimensional results. We find no appreciable self-convergence at ∼100 cells per clump radius as small-scale differences owing to increasingly resolving the cooling length have global effects. We therefore conclude that self-convergence is an insufficient criterion to apply on its own when addressing the question of sufficient resolution for radiatively cooled shocked clump simulations. We suggest the adoption of alternate criteria to support a statement of sufficient resolution, such as the demonstration of adequate resolution of the cooling layers behind shocks. We discuss associated refinement criteria for AMR codes.
The Steiner Linear Ordering Problem: Application to resource-constrained scheduling problems

When examined through polyhedral study, the resource-constrained scheduling problems have always dealt with processes which have the same priority. With the Steiner Linear Ordering problem, we can address systems where the elements involved have different levels of priority, either high or low. This allows us greater flexibility in modeling different resource-constrained scheduling problems. In this paper, we address both the linear ordering problem and its application to scheduling problems, and provide a polyhedral study of the associated polytopes.
Synchrotron radiation from a weakly magnetized Schwarzschild black hole

We consider a synchrotron radiation from a charged particle moving in a bound orbit around a weakly magnetized Schwarzschild black hole (a static black hole immersed into a constant uniform magnetic field) in its equatorial plane, perpendicular to the magnetic field. In particular, we study the case when the Lorentz force acting on the charged particle is directed outward from the black hole. The particle is initially moving in a nongeodesic bound orbit which due to synchrotron radiation decays to a nongeodesic circular orbit. We study this transition and calculate the radiated power and energy loss of the particle.
From stringy particle physics to moduli stabilisation and cosmology

Intersecting D6‐branes provide a geometrically intuitive road to stringy particle physics models, where D6‐branes stuck at orbifold singularities can lead to the stabilisation of deformation moduli, and the QCD axion can arise from the open string sector in a very constrained way compared to pure field theory. We demonstrate this interplay of different physical features here through an explicit model.
Highly variable response of hard coral taxa to successive coral bleaching events (2019-2020) and rising ocean temperatures in Northeast Peninsular Malaysia

Due to current greenhouse gas emissions, Malaysian coral reefs are predicted to experience severe annual coral bleaching events by 2043, threatening the survival of coral reefs within this century. However, there is no field data on how Malaysian coral reefs respond to successive events of coral bleaching. Despite the notion that many scleractinian taxa exhibit increased thermal tolerance over the last decade, it remains unresolved whether these changes are a result of ‘weeding out’ thermally susceptible species and actually ameliorate accelerating warming rates and increasing frequencies of heat disturbances. Moreover, complex interaction of environmental and biological factors that underlie differences in the bleaching response necessitate conducting studies at the within-reef scale (i.e., leeward shallow, windward shallow). Here, we studied two successive thermal stress events starting during the 2019 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and determined bleaching trajectories of 29 hard coral taxa across fine spatio-temporal gradients in Northeast Peninsular Malaysia. Analysis of climate trajectories affirms accelerating warming rates (0.17°C per decade) and higher return-frequency of heat disturbance. Despite high annual maximum temperatures above the putative bleaching threshold (31.07°C and 31.74°C, respectively), accumulated thermal stress was low during both bleaching episodes (Degree Heating Weeks of 1.05°C-weeks and 0.18°C-weeks, respectively), suggesting widespread thermal sensitivity of hard coral taxa (55.21% and 26.63% bleaching incidence in 2019 and 2020, respectively). However, significant discrepancies between satellite and in-situ temperature data were found (0.63°C; SD±0.26). Bleaching severity was highly taxon-specific, varied across and within reef scales due to wind exposure and depth (e.g., less bleaching at shallow windward sites), and partially contrasted historical bleaching observations (e.g., Acropora and Montipora were less susceptible, Cyphastrea, Echinopora, Goniastrea, Heliopora and Porites were highly susceptible). While bleaching severity was higher in 2019, Galaxea and Leptastrea were bleaching more in 2020 despite lower heat stress, suggesting negative legacy effects of the 2019 bleaching event on these taxa. In conclusion, hard corals were subjected to more frequent heat stress during the last decade and remain highly vulnerable to marine heatwaves across all biophysical reef scales. Annual coral bleaching impacted all hard coral taxa and reduced thermal tolerance in at least two taxa.
Conant-independence and generalized free amalgamation

We initiate the study of a generalization of Kim-independence, Conant-independence, based on the"strong Kim-dividing"of Kaplan, Ramsey and Shelah. We introduce an axiom on stationary independence relations essentially generalizing the"freedom"axiom in some of the free amalgamation theories of Conant, and show that this axiom provides the correct setting for carrying out arguments of Chernikov, Kaplan and Ramsey on $\mathrm{NSOP}_{1}$ theories relative to a stationary independence relation. Generalizing Conant's results on free amalgamation to the limits of our knowledge of the $\mathrm{NSOP}_{n}$ hierarchy, we show using methods from Conant as well as our previous work that any theory where the equivalent conditions of this local variant of $\mathrm{NSOP}_{1}$ holds is either $\mathrm{NSOP}_{1}$ or $\mathrm{SOP}_{3}$ and is either simple or $\mathrm{TP}_{2}$, and observe that these theories give an interesting class of examples of theories where Conant-independence is symmetric, including all of Conant's examples, the small cycle-free random graphs of Shelah and the (finite-language) $\omega$-categorical Hrushovski constructions of Evans and Wong. We then answer a question of Conant, showing that the generic functional structures of Conant and Kruckman are examples of non-modular free amalgamation theories, and show that any free amalgamation theory is $\mathrm{NSOP}_{1}$ or $\mathrm{SOP}_{3}$, while an $\mathrm{NSOP}_{1}$ free amalgamation theory is simple if and only if it is modular. Finally, we show that every theory where Conant-independence is symmetric is $\mathrm{NSOP}_{4}$. Therefore, symmetry for Conant-independence gives the next known neostability-theoretic dividing line on the $\mathrm{NSOP}_{n}$ hierarchy beyond $\mathrm{NSOP}_{1}$. We explain the connection to some established open questions.
MiQA: A Benchmark for Inference on Metaphorical Questions

We propose a benchmark to assess the capability of large language models to reason with conventional metaphors. Our benchmark combines the previously isolated topics of metaphor detection and commonsense reasoning into a single task that requires a model to make inferences by accurately selecting between the literal and metaphorical register. We examine the performance of state-of-the-art pre-trained models on binary-choice tasks and find a large discrepancy between the performance of small and very large models, going from chance to near-human level. We also analyse the largest model in a generative setting and find that although human performance is approached, careful multiple-shot prompting is required.