Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unmasking the Whiteness of Development Discourse

Abstract A careful reading of the literature reveals that the significance of race in development discourse is something that is hardly mentioned or discussed. In response to this gap in the literature, this article firstly builds on and contributes to the available literature—albeit scarce—that critically analyses the significance of race in development. Secondly, the article argues that the absence of critical race analysis is due to the dominant white-centric ideology of “colour-blindness”, which serves as an ideological and institutional tool to mask the whiteness that remains central to development discourse. The centrality of white racial ideology, namely whiteness, in development translates into a sophisticated maintenance of long-established racial hierarchies, which translates into white privilege and the preservation of white racial projects. The article maintains that, rather than a phenomenon of the past, the white racial project continues to be central to development discourse, albeit under the guise of colour-blindness. The key argument of the article is that critical analysis of race, rather than being dismissed or marginalised, should be central in efforts to dismantle white racial development discourse. As a discourse that is seemingly concerned with addressing inequality, freedom, and the empowerment of societies, critical race analysis is needed in order to dismantle entrenched racial inequalities.
Capture Dynamics and Chaotic Motions in Celestial Mechanics

List of Figures vii Foreword xi Preface xiii Chapter 1. Introduction to the N -Body Problem 1 1.1 The N -Body Problem 1 1.2 Planar Three-Body Problem 9 1.3 Two-Body Problem 11 1.4 Regularization of Collision 16 1.5 The Restricted Three-Body Problem: Formulations 24 1.6 The Kepler Problem and Equivalent Geodesic Flows 35 Chapter 2. Bounded Motion, Cantor Sets, and Twist Maps 49 2.1 Quasi-Periodicity and the KAM Theorem 50 2.2 The Moser Twist Theorem, Cantor Sets 59 2.3 Area-Preserving Maps, Fixed Points, Hyperbolicity 66 2.4 Periodic Orbits and Elliptic Fixed Points 78 2.5 Aubrey-Mather Sets and the Restricted Three-Body Problem 91 Chapter 3. Capture 103 3.1 Introduction to Capture 105 3.2 The Weak Stability Boundary 120 3.3 Existence of Primary Interchange Capture and an Application 131 3.4 A Low Energy Lunar Transfer Using Ballistic Capture 144 3.5 Parabolic Motion, Hyperbolic Extension of W 156 3.6 Existence of a Hyperbolic Network on W H 165 Bibliography 193 Index 209
Wide Angle Effects in Galaxy Surveys

Current and future galaxy surveys cover a large fraction of the entire sky with a significant redshift range, and the recent theoretical development shows that general relativistic effects are present in galaxy clustering on very large scales. This trend has renewed interest in the wide angle effect in galaxy clustering measurements, in which the distant-observer approximation is often adopted. Using the full wide-angle formula for computing the redshift-space correlation function, we show that compared to the sample variance, the deviation in the redshift-space correlation function from the simple Kaiser formula with the distant-observer approximation is negligible in the SDSS and is completely irrelevant in future galaxy surveys such as Euclid and the BigBOSS, if the theoretical prediction from the Kaiser formula is averaged over the survey volume and the non-uniform distribution of cosine angle between the line-of-sight and the pair separation directions is properly considered. We also find small corrections to the wide-angle formula. However, in contrast to the redshift-space correlation function, substantial deviations are present in the redshift-space power spectrum, because the non-uniform distribution of cosine angle is not considered in the present power spectrum analysis. In particular, the traditional FKP method cannot be used to estimate the quadrupole and the hexadecapole power spectra, as it imposes one line-of-sight direction to all galaxy pairs, though this issue can be readily addressed by using pair-dependent line-of-sight directions. Further refinement of power spectrum estimators will be needed to avoid significant systematic errors in future surveys.
Disk evolution in the solar neighborhood - I. Disk frequencies from 1 to 100 Myr

We study the evolution of circumstellar disks in 22 young (1 to 100 Myr) nearby (within 500 pc) associations over the entire mass spectrum using photometry covering from the optical to the mid-infrared. We compiled a catalog of 2340 spectroscopically-confirmed members of these nearby associations. We analyzed their spectral energy distributions and searched for excess related to the presence of protoplanetary disks in a homogeneous way. Sensitivity limits and spatial completeness were also considered. We derive disk fractions as probed by mid-infrared excess in these regions. The unprecedented size of our sample allows us to confirm the timescale of disk decay reported in the literature and to find new trends. The fraction of excess sources increases systematically if measured at longer wavelengths. Disk percentages derived using different wavelength ranges should therefore be compared with caution. The dust probed at 22-24 um evolves slower than that probed at shorter wavelengths (3.4-12 um). Assuming an exponential decay, we derive a timescale tau=4.2-5.8 Myr at 22-24 um for primordial disks, compared to 2-3 Myr at shorter wavelength (3.4-12 um). Primordial disks disappear around 10 Myr, matching in time a brief increase of the number of 'evolved' disks. The increase in timescale of excess decay at longer wavelength is compatible with inside-out disk clearing scenarios. The increased timescale of decay and larger dispersion in the distribution of disk fractions at 22-24 um suggest that the inner and outer zones evolve differently, the latter potentially following a variety of evolutionary paths. The drop of primordial disks and the coincident rise of evolved disks at 10 Myr are compatible with planet formation theories suggesting that the disappearance of the gas is immediately followed by the dynamical stirring of the disk.
Mg II quasar absorption systems and properties of gaseous haloes

Les observations spectroscopiques de la raie d'absoption Mg II de 10 quasars sont presentees. Les largeurs equivalentes, la multiplicite, les densites de colonne et l'agencement des systemes MG II ainsi que les abondances en elements lourds sont analyses. L'evolution du nombre de systemes Mg II en fonction du redshift et de la limite des largeurs equivalentes de Mg II λ2796 est etudiee.
Development, Relative Validity, and Reproducibility of a Short Food Frequency Questionnaire for the Japanese

We have developed a short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for use in assessing diet quality for Japan, with special reference to the prevention of non-communicable diseases. Here, we assessed the ranking performance of this FFQ and its reproducibility. We developed a 28-item (21 food groups and 7 beverage) FFQ with consideration to both Japanese dietary culture and evidence of disease prevention. Twenty-four university faculty members participated in the validation study. They completed 3-day photographic food record and answered the FFQ on the next day of the last food record (time 1) and a week later (time 2). We calculated Spearman correlation coefficients between intakes of food groups from photographic food records and the consumption frequency from the FFQs (ranking ability) and between the consumption frequency of food groups from the FFQs (time 1 and time 2) (reproducibility). Spearman correlation coefficients between the food records and FFQ (time 1) ranged from −0.12 to 0.86 (median 0.51). These values were comparable to those in comparison with FFQ (time 2). After energy adjustment of intakes from the food records, the corresponding values were somewhat weakened for many food groups. The correlation coefficients between two FFQs ranged from 0.14 to 0.96 (median 0.79). The short FFQ showed acceptable reproducibility and ability to rank the consumption of most food groups.
Knowing the Enemy Is Halfway towards Victory: A Scoping Review on Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia

Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is a paradoxical effect of opioids that is not consensually recognized in clinical settings. We conducted a revision of clinical and preclinical studies and discuss them side by side to provide an updated and renewed view on OIH. We critically analyze data on the human manifestations of OIH in the context of chronic and post-operative pain. We also discuss how, in the context of cancer pain, though there are no direct evidence of OIH, several inherent conditions to the tumor and chemotherapy provide a substrate for the development of OIH. The review of the clinical data, namely in what concerns the strategies to counter OIH, emphasizes how much OIH rely mechanistically on the existence of µ-opioid receptor (MOR) signaling through opposite, inhibitory/antinociceptive and excitatory/pronociceptive, pathways. The rationale for the maladaptive excitatory signaling of opioids is provided by the emerging growing information on the functional role of alternative splicing and heteromerization of MOR. The crossroads between opioids and neuroinflammation also play a major role in OIH. The latest pre-clinical data in this field brings new insights to new and promising therapeutic targets to address OIH. In conclusion, although OIH remains insufficiently recognized in clinical practice, the appropriate diagnosis can turn it into a treatable pain disorder. Therefore, in times of scarce alternatives to opioids to treat pain, mainly unmanageable chronic pain, increased knowledge and recognition of OIH, likely represent the first steps towards safer and efficient use of opioids as analgesics.
Recent Advances in Copper-Based Organic Complexes and Nanoparticles for Tumor Theranostics

Treatment of drug-resistant forms of cancer requires consideration of their hallmark features, such as abnormal cell death mechanisms or mutations in drug-responding molecular pathways. Malignant cells differ from their normal counterparts in numerous aspects, including copper metabolism. Intracellular copper levels are elevated in various cancer types, and this phenomenon could be employed for the development of novel oncotherapeutic approaches. Copper maintains the cell oxidation levels, regulates the protein activity and metabolism, and is involved in inflammation. Various copper-based compounds, such as nanoparticles or metal-based organic complexes, show specific activity against cancer cells according to preclinical studies. Herein, we summarize the major principles of copper metabolism in cancer cells and its potential in cancer theranostics.
Isochoric implosions for fast ignition

Fast Ignition (FI) exploits the ignition of a dense, uniform fuel assembly by an external energy source to achieve high gain. In conventional ICF implosions, however, the fuel assembles as a dense shell surrounding a low density, high-pressure hotspot. Such configurations are far from optimal for FI. Here, it is shown that a self-similar spherical implosion of the type originally studied by Guderley [Luftfahrtforschung 19, 302 (1942). ] may be employed to implode a dense, quasi-uniform fuel assembly with minimal energy wastage in forming a hotspot. A scheme for realizing these specialized implosions in a practical ICF target is also described.
ON THE SIMULTANEOUS EVOLUTION OF MASSIVE PROTOSTARS AND THEIR HOST CORES

Studies of the evolution of massive protostars and the evolution of their host molecular cloud cores are commonly treated as separate problems. However, interdependencies between the two can be significant. Here, we study the simultaneous evolution of massive protostars and their host molecular cores using a multi-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics code that incorporates the effects of the thermal pressure and radiative acceleration feedback of the centrally forming protostar. The evolution of the massive protostar is computed simultaneously using the stellar evolution code STELLAR, modified to include the effects of variable accretion. The interdependencies are studied in three different collapse scenarios. For comparison, stellar evolutionary tracks at constant accretion rates and the evolution of the host cores using pre-computed stellar evolutionary tracks are computed. The resulting interdependencies of the protostellar evolution and the evolution of the environment are extremely diverse and depend on the order of events, in particular the time of circumstellar accretion disk formation with respect to the onset of the bloating phase of the star. Feedback mechanisms affect the instantaneous accretion rate and the protostar's radius, temperature, and luminosity on timescales t ⩽ 5 kyr, corresponding to the accretion timescale and Kelvin–Helmholtz contraction timescale, respectively. Nevertheless, it is possible to approximate the overall protostellar evolution in many cases by pre-computed stellar evolutionary tracks assuming appropriate constant average accretion rates.
Cardiovascular mathematics : modeling and simulation of the circulatory system

Chapter 1 introduces the most important terms and concepts of cardiovascular physiopathology ,while Chapter 2 illustrates the basic mathematical models for blood flow and biochemical transfer. The derivation of the equations that governs blood flow is covered in Chapter 3, while Chapter 4 is devoted to the treatment of medical images to obtain geometries suitable for numerical computations. Chapter 5 illustrates the important relationship between geometry and type of flow, focusing on the main characteristics of the different flow regimes encountered in the cardiovascular system. Mathematical models for blood rheology are discussed in Chapter 6. In Chapter 7 mathematical and numerical models of biochemical transport are explained in detail, with practical examples. The mathematical analysis of coupled models for fluid-structure interaction is addressed in Chapter 8, while Chapter 9 focuses on numerical methods for the mechanical coupling between blood flow and the vessel structure. Reduced models play an important role in cardiovascular modelling to enable the simulating of large parts of (or even th whole) vascular system. Their derivation is presented in Chapter 10. The intertwining of such models with more complex three dimensional ones is the foundation of the so called geometric multiscale approach, illustrated in detail in Chapter 11. Finally, Chapter 12 provides a set of well described and reproducible test cases and applications.
A CLIMATOLOGY OF THE MARTIAN NORTHERN POLAR VORTEX.

Understanding the behaviour of Mars’ polar vortices, and their modiﬁcation under different dust loading conditions, is important for understanding its contemporary and ancient climate, including aerosol and chemical cycles. We present an eight martian year climatology of the northern polar vortex, via the assimilation of orbital temperature and dust observations into a global climate model. We show that the general seasonal behaviour and morphology of the vortex is highly interanually repeatable, with the important exception of dust storm effects. Previous work has focused on individual regional or global dust storm effects, speciﬁcally solstitial events for the latter; by investigating an eight-year period covering two global and multiple regional dust storms, we are able to investigate the potentially crucial impact of dust storm timing on vortex effects as suggested by previous work [10]. We ﬁnd that the seasonal timing of atmospheric dust loading does indeed have a crucial role in determining the dynamical effects of a storm on the northern polar vortex. Storms later in the dusty perihelion season, such as solstitial global dust storms and C-type regional dust storms [11], have a signiﬁ-cantly greater disruptive effect on both the morphology (including latitudinal extent) and intensity of the vortex than those early in the season, such as equinoctial global dust storms and A-type regional dust storms.
Entrainment of coarse grains in turbulent flows: An extreme value theory approach

The occurrence of sufficiently energetic flow events characterized by impulses of varying magnitude is treated as a point process. It is hypothesized that the rare but extreme magnitude impulses are responsible for the removal of coarse grains from the bed matrix. This conjecture is investigated utilizing distributions from extreme value theory and a series of incipient motion experiments. The application of extreme value distributions is demonstrated for both the entire sets of impulses and the maxima above a sufficiently high impulse quantile. In particular, the Frechet distribution is associated with a power law relationship between the frequency of occurrence and magnitude of impulses. It provides a good fit to the flow impulses, having comparable performance to other distributions. Next, a more accurate modeling of the tail of the distribution of impulses is pursued, consistent with the observation that the majority of impulses above a critical value are directly linked to grain entrainments. The peaks over threshold method is implemented to extract conditional impulses in excess of a sufficiently high impulse level. The generalized Pareto distribution is fitted to the excess impulses, and parameters are estimated for various impulse thresholds and methods of estimation for all the experimental runs. Finally, the episodic character of individual grain mobilization is viewed as a survival process, interlinked to the extremal character of occurrence of impulses. The interarrival time of particle entrainment events is successfully modeled by the Weibull and exponential distributions, which belong to the family of extreme value distributions.
SURROGATE-BASED OPTIMIZATION OF THERMAL DAMAGE TO LIVING BIOLOGICAL TISSUES BY LASER IRRADIATION

The surrogate-based analysis and optimization of thermal damage in living biological tissue by laser irradiation are discussed in this paper. Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) and Response Surface Model (RSM) are applied to study surrogate-based optimization of thermal damage in tissue using a generalized dual phase lag model. Response value of high temperature as a function of input variables and relationship of maximum temperature and thermal damage as a function of input variables are investigated. Comparison of SBO model and simulation results for different sample sizes are examined. The results show that every input variable individually has quadratic response of maximum temperature and maximum thermal damage in highly absorbing tissues.
Draft Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus epidermidis Draft Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus epidermidis UMB7765, Isolated from the Urobiome of a Woman with UMB7765, Isolated from the Urobiome of a Woman with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a Gram-positive bacterium that is resistant to many antibiotics. Here, we present the 2.5-Mb draft genome of S. epidermidis UMB7765, isolated from a voided urine sample from a female with recurrent urinary tract infections. infections is complicated by the species’ often high levels of antibiotic resistance and ability to form bioﬁlms 7). Here, we present the genome sequence of S. epidermidis UMB7765, isolated from a voided urine sample from a woman with recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI). While S. epidermidis has on rare occasions been associated with UTIs (8), we do not have deﬁnitive evidence that this strain was the cause of UTI for this individual.
High-density limit of the two-dimensional electron liquid with Rashba spin-orbit coupling

We discuss by analytic means the theory of the high-density limit of the unpolarized two-dimensional electron liquid in the presence of Rashba or Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling. A generalization of the ring-diagram expansion is performed. We find that in this regime the spin-orbit coupling leads to small changes of the exchange and correlation energy contributions, while modifying also, via repopulation of the momentum states, the noninteracting energy. As a result, the leading corrections to the chirality and total energy of the system stem from the Hartree-Fock contributions. The final results are found to be vanishing to lowest order in the spin-orbit coupling, in agreement with a general property valid to every order in the electron-electron interaction. We also show that recent quantum Monte Carlo data in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit coupling are well understood by neglecting corrections to the exchange-correlation energy, even at low density values.
Stronger constraints on an axion from measuring the Casimir interaction by means of a dynamic atomic force microscope

We calculate the additional force due to two-axion exchange acting in a sphere-disc geometry, used in experiments on measuring the gradient of the Casimir force. With this result, stronger constraints on the pseudoscalar coupling constants of an axion and axion-like particles to a proton and a neutron are obtained over the wide range of axion masses from 0.03mV to 1eV. Among the three experiments with Au-Au, Au-Ni and Ni-Ni boundary surfaces performed by means of dynamic atomic force microscope, major improving is achieved for the experiment with Au-Au test bodies. Here, the constraints obtained are stronger up to a factor of 170, as compared to the previously known ones. The largest strengthening holds for the axion mass 0.3eV.
Integration of neural network-based prediction for enhanced process controllability: application in hydrogen iodide decomposer for hydrogen production via water splitting process

Sulfur-Iodine Thermochemical cycle (SITC) process can be broken down into 3 sections. Based on the literature, there is limited study on the third section which is hydrogen iodide (HI) decomposition. In this work, a study to develop a model and controller of the HI decomposition is carried out. The goal of this work is to address this important gap, and more specifically to focus on the controllability of the HI decomposition section. Before the control and simulation study can be performed, a dynamic model of a HI decomposer is first established to obtain the baseline for the necessary data to be fed into the Artificial Neural Network for training to predict the correct outcome accordingly. The proposed controller is a Multi-Scale Control (MSC) integrated into an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model (ANN-MSC-based-PID). It is worth highlighting that; the proposed model-based control strategy has proven to effectively control the HI decomposition reactor.
A S URVEY OF L EARNING L INEAR T HRESHOLD F UNC - TIONS WITH N OISE

Linear Threshold Functions (LTFs) are a type of boolean functions f(x) = sign(〈w, x〉−θ), parameterized by a weight vector w ∈ R and a threshold θ ∈ R. It represents a separation of the input space along the hyperplane defined by w, θ and have been extensively used in many classification tasks. Learning unknown LTFs has been one of the most studied area in machine learning since its birth, with the earliest known algorithm being the Perceptron Algorithm by Rosenblatt (1958).