Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA Expression Differentiates Histology and Predicts Survival of Lung Cancer

Purpose: The molecular drivers that determine histology in lung cancer are largely unknown. We investigated whether microRNA (miR) expression profiles can differentiate histologic subtypes and predict survival for non–small cell lung cancer. Experimental Design: We analyzed miR expression in 165 adenocarcinoma and 125 squamous cell carcinoma (SQ) tissue samples from the Environment And Genetics in Lung cancer Etiology (EAGLE) study using a custom oligo array with 440 human mature antisense miRs. We compared miR expression profiles using t tests and F tests and accounted for multiple testing using global permutation tests. We assessed the association of miR expression with tobacco smoking using Spearman correlation coefficients and linear regression models, and with clinical outcome using log-rank tests, Cox proportional hazards, and survival risk prediction models, accounting for demographic and tumor characteristics. Results: MiR expression profiles strongly differed between adenocarcinoma and SQ (Pglobal < 0.0001), particularly in the early stages, and included miRs located on chromosome loci most often altered in lung cancer (e.g., 3p21-22). Most miRs, including all members of the let-7 family, were downregulated in SQ. Major findings were confirmed by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in EAGLE samples and in an independent set of lung cancer cases. In SQ, the low expression of miRs that are downregulated in the histology comparison was associated with 1.2- to 3.6-fold increased mortality risk. A five-miR signature significantly predicted survival for SQ. Conclusions: We identified a miR expression profile that strongly differentiated adenocarcinoma from SQ and had prognostic implications. These findings may lead to histology-based therapeutic approaches. Clin Cancer Res; 16(2); 430–41
Antidepressant medications and other treatments of depressive disorders: a CINP Task Force report – a reply to Ban

The letter from CINP President-Elect Professor R. H. Belmaker commenting on the CINP Antidepressant Task Force report (CINP Task Force, 2007) raises several crucial points that the CINP Antidepressant Task Force already addressed during the work on the report and the publication of the review. Some of the issues were resolved, others will continue to require attention in psychopharmacological research and in teaching, in pursuit the major goal of improving recognition and treatment of depressive disorders. (1) Professor Belmaker emphasizes that the CINP is an organization which should promote interactions between clinicians and scientists. He questions whether a review based primarily on a computer-based search in electronic databases truly reflects an unbiased approach. He is understandably concerned that most published trials are funded predominantly by pharmaceutical companies and that non-patented treatment alternatives are investigated often in smaller samples with inferior methodology which might have influenced the result of the Task Force review. We regret this assertion because we were at great pains to adopt a proven methodology for minimizing bias. In our opinion the published review represents an excellent example for the promotion of interactions between psychopharmacologists working in research for universities or industrial companies and in medical care by the CINP. As Figure 1 indicates, during the process of the review a computer-based search of several databases was solely the basis for the production of the initial draft and a helpful tool for the writing of the second draft of the review. Several subsequent steps added expert opinions from all over the world. Thus, for example, we have included information about promising treatment options about natural remedies although the evidence about these treatments needs improvement (e.g. chapter 9.1.11 on herbal preparations, chapter 9.1.12.2.10 on Ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids). Information published in languages other than English about treatment options only …
Adipocyte differentiation‐related protein reduces lipid droplet association of adipose triglyceride lipase and slows triacylglycerol turnover

Despite the ubiquity of neutral lipid storage droplets and their importance in obesity, very little is known about how their synthesis and turnover are controlled. A major candidate for regulating these processes is adipocyte differentiation‐related protein (ADRP; also known as adipophilin). To determine the mechanism through which ADRP affects lipid storage, we stably expressed the protein in HEK 293 cells. ADRP was targeted to the surface of lipid droplets in 293 cells and increased triacylglycerol (TAG) mass under both unsupplemented and oleate‐supplemented conditions. At least part of the increased mass resulted from a 2‐fold decrease in the rate of TAG hydrolysis in ADRP‐expressing cells. Furthermore, ADRP expression induced a significant decrease in association of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) with lipid droplets. Reduced lipid droplet association of ATGL and/or other lipases may explain the decrease in TAG turnover observed in ADRP‐expressing cells.
Homogenized total ozone data records from the European sensors GOME/ERS‐2, SCIAMACHY/Envisat, and GOME‐2/MetOp‐A

Within the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative, total ozone column records from GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment), SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CartograpHY), and GOME‐2 have been reprocessed with GODFIT version 3 (GOME‐type Direct FITting). This algorithm is based on the direct fitting of reflectances simulated in the Huggins bands to the observations. We report on new developments in the algorithm from the version implemented in the operational GOME Data Processor v5. The a priori ozone profile database TOMSv8 is now combined with a recently compiled OMI/MLS tropospheric ozone climatology to improve the representativeness of a priori information. The Ring procedure that corrects simulated radiances for the rotational Raman inelastic scattering signature has been improved using a revised semi‐empirical expression. Correction factors are also applied to the simulated spectra to account for atmospheric polarization. In addition, the computational performance has been significantly enhanced through the implementation of new radiative transfer tools based on principal component analysis of the optical properties. Furthermore, a soft‐calibration scheme for measured reflectances and based on selected Brewer measurements has been developed in order to reduce the impact of level‐1 errors. This soft‐calibration corrects not only for possible biases in backscattered reflectances, but also for artificial spectral features interfering with the ozone signature. Intersensor comparisons and ground‐based validation indicate that these ozone data sets are of unprecedented quality, with stability better than 1% per decade, a precision of 1.7%, and systematic uncertainties less than 3.6% over a wide range of atmospheric states.
Ratio of Serum Aspartate to Alanine Aminotransferase in Chronic Hepatitis

whereas in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis, the ratio is almost always 1.0 if the patient develops cirrho­ sis. This observation prompted us to analyze retro­ spectively the AST/ALT ratio in a large number of patients and to correlate the ratio with other clinical, serum biochemical, and histologic features of dis­ ease.
Borehole water-level variations and the structure of the subglacial hydrological system of Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Valais, Switzerland

Abstract Late-summer subglacial water pressures have been measured in a dense array of boreholes in the ablation area of Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland. Interpolated surfaces of minimum diurnal water pressure and diurnal water-pressure variation suggest the presence of a subglacial channel within a more widespread, distributed drainage system. The channel flows along the centre of a variable pressure axis (VPA), some tens of metres wide, that is characterized by low minimum diurnal water pressures (frequently atmospheric) and high diurnal water-pressure variations. These characteristics are transitional over a lateral distance of c. 70 m to higher and more stable subglacial water pressures in the adjacent distributed system. Water-pressure variations recorded in boreholes located close to the centre of the VPA reflect the delivery of surface-derived meltwater to the glacier bed and result in a diurnally reversing, transverse hydraulic gradient that drives water out from the channel into the distributed system during the afternoon and back to the channel overnight. Subglacial observations suggest that such flow occurs through a vertically confined sediment layer. Borehole turbidity records indicate that the resulting diurnal water flows are responsible for the mobilization and transport of fine debris in suspension. Analysis of the propagation velocity and amplitude attenuation cf the diurnal pressure waves suggests that the hydraulic conductivity of the sediment layer decreases exponentially with distance from the channel, falling from c. 10−4 m s−1 at the channel boundary to c. 10−7 m s−1 70 m away. These apparent hydraulic conductivities are consistent with Darcian flow through clean sand and typical glacial till, respectively. We suggest that fine material is systematically flushed from basal sediments located adjacent to large, melt-season drainage channels beneath warm-based glaciers. This process may have important implications for patterns of glacier erosion, hydro-chemistry and dynamics.
TIDAL DISSIPATION IN THE MOON

Dissipation of tidal energy in the moon was calculated under the assumption that it can be represented as due to imperfect elasticity. If the factor 1/Q for dissipation per cycle is assumed to be 1/100 for distortional strain energy and 1/1000 for dilatational strain energy, the heat now being generated in the moon by tides is less than 0.010 erg/g/yr. ; i.e., negligible compared to radioactive heating by a chondritic composition. Tidal heating would be comparable to radioactive heating, however, if the semimajor axis of the moon's orbit was one-third as great, so the mechanism does limit the possible history of the moon's orbit. Also, appreciable tidal dissipation would cause thermal stresses and be conducive to convection, since it is much greater in the center than near the surface of the moon, and has a non-uniform distribution in latitude (and longitude as well, if rotation is synchronous with revolution).
Machine learning classifier using abnormal brain network topological metrics in major depressive disorder

Resting state functional brain networks have been widely studied in brain disease research. However, it is currently unclear whether abnormal resting state functional brain network metrics can be used with machine learning for the classification of brain diseases. Resting state functional brain networks were constructed for 28 healthy controls and 38 major depressive disorder patients by thresholding partial correlation matrices of 90 regions. Three nodal metrics were calculated using graph theory-based approaches. Nonparametric permutation tests were then used for group comparisons of topological metrics, which were used as classified features in six different algorithms. We used statistical significance as the threshold for selecting features and measured the accuracies of six classifiers with different number of features. A sensitivity analysis method was used to evaluate the importance of different features. The result indicated that some of the regions exhibited significantly abnormal nodal centralities, including the limbic system, basal ganglia, medial temporal, and prefrontal regions. Support vector machine with radial basis kernel function algorithm and neural network algorithm exhibited the highest average accuracy (79.27 and 78.22%, respectively) with 28 features (P<0.05). Correlation analysis between feature importance and the statistical significance of metrics was investigated, and the results revealed a strong positive correlation between them. Overall, the current study demonstrated that major depressive disorder is associated with abnormal functional brain network topological metrics and statistically significant nodal metrics can be successfully used for feature selection in classification algorithms.
Direct visualization of edge state in even-layer MnBi2Te4 at zero magnetic eld

Weiyan Lin Fudan University Yang Feng Fudan University Yongchao Wang Tsinghua University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1869-2290 Zichen Lian Tsinghua University Hao Li Tsinghua University Yang Wu State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University Chang Liu Tsinghua University Yihua Wang Fudan University Jinsong Zhang Tsinghua University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-4995 Yayu Wang Tsinghua University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2330-1642 Chui-Zhen Chen Soochow University Xiaodong Zhou (  zhouxd@fudan.edu.cn ) Fudan University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5602-1084 Jian Shen Fudan University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5670-1429
Nociceptive stimuli activate the hypothalamus-habenula circuit to inhibit the mesolimbic reward system

Nociceptive signals interact with various regions of the brain, including those involved in physical sensation, reward, cognition, and emotion. Emerging evidence points to a role of nociception in the modulation of the mesolimbic reward system. The mechanism by which nociception affects dopamine (DA) signaling and reward is unclear. The lateral hypothalamus (LH) and the lateral habenula (LHb) receive somatosensory inputs and are structurally connected with the mesolimbic DA system. Here we show that the LH-LHb pathway is necessary for nociceptive modulation of this system. Our extracellular single-unit recordings and head-mounted microendoscopic calcium imaging revealed that nociceptive stimulation by tail-pinch excited LHb and LH neurons, which was inhibited by chemical lesion of the LH. Tail-pinch decreased extracellular DA release in the nucleus accumbens ventrolateral shell, which was blocked by disruption of the LH. Furthermore, tail-pinch attenuated cocaine-induced locomotor activity, 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations and reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior, which was inhibited by chemogenetic silencing of the LH-LHb pathway. Our findings suggest that nociceptive stimulation recruits the LH-LHb pathway to inhibit mesolimbic DA system and drug reinstatement.
Spectral characteristics of fire scars in Landsat-5 TM images of Amazonia

Abstract This work describes spectral characteristics of fire scars in an area of intense deforestation in the Amazon tropical forest as recorded in the seven Landsat-5 TM spectral channels of an image in 1985. Ground covers were divided into four themes: natural forests, ‘capoeiras’, pastures in general and fire scars. Single-cell and maximum likelihood classification algorithms were used in the analysis. TM channel 4 was the best to identify fire scars, with digital counts differences in relation to other themes about two times higher than in other channels. Fire scars were also detected in channel 5, with the limitation that recent scars could be mistaken with water. Channels 3 and 7 also contained information about the scars. Results indicated that TM images can be used in automatic detection and assessment of biomass burning in tropical forests, contributing to the understanding of biogeochemical cycles related to the use of fire in these areas. Comparison of the results for channels 3, 4 and 5 in tw.
Measurements of peroxides in cloudwater and rain

Measurements of total peroxide content are reported for 190 cloudwater samples from nonsupercooled stratiform clouds, and for 54 rain samples, collected at several nonurban sites in the eastern United States. Observed aqueous peroxide concentrations ranged from less than 0.1 . mu.M to over 100 . mu.M, with rain samples, precipitating cloudwater samples, and nonprecipitating cloudwater samples all exhibiting median values of less than 10 . mu.M and similar concentration distributions. Specific analyses for H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ on 48 of the samples showed that in the majority of samples tested, H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ was the sole contributor to the total peroxide concentration, but in some samples, substantial signal was observed after selective destruction of H/sub 2/O/sub 2/, possibly indicating the presence of organic peroxides. Calculation of the total potential partial pressure of H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ for the samples collected in nonprecipitating clouds, using the measured aqueous concentrations and cloud liquid water content values, indicates a median potential partial pressure of H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ of 0.1 ppbv, and a maximum value of approximately 1 ppbv. Gaseous SO/sub 2/ and aqueous peroxide were rarely simultaneously present in substantial concentrations; generally one reactant was present in great excess over the other, consistent with the occurrence of themore » aqueous phase reaction of peroxide with S(IV) in which one or the other species is the limiting reagent. Evaluation of the rates of S(IV) oxidation by peroxide and ozone, under conditions representative of the clouds sampled in this study, indicates that the former reaction, but not the latter, can produce substantial acidification in such clouds. « less
1 Title : The cost-effectiveness of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among heterosexual men in South Africa : a cost-utility modelling analysis

Sources of Support: MV was funded by a Chevening Scholarship, the UK government’s global scholarship programme, funded by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) and partner organisations. Fieldwork was supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and an Economic and Social Research Council 1+3 studentship. This study was supported by the STRIVE research programme consortium funded by UKaid from the Department for International Development. However, the views expressed do not necessarily reflect the department’s official policies.
Operational gunshot location system

The nation's first operational trial of a gunshot location system is underway in Redwood City, California. The system uses acoustic sensors widely distributed over an impacted community. The impulses received at each sensor allow triangulation of the gunfire location and prompt police dispatch. A computer display shows gunfire location superimposed on a map showing property boundaries. Police are responding to system events immediately and in a community-policing investigative role.
Transcatheter closure of the left atrial appendage: initial experience with the WATCHMAN device.

BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly encountered clinical arrhythmia, accounting for approximately one third of hospitalizations for cardiac rhythm disturbance. In patients with non-valvular AF, approximately 90% of thrombi are thought to arise from the left atrial appendage (LAA). Anticoagulation with warfarin has been the mainstay of therapy to reduce stroke risk in these patients; however, it is not without its complications including bleeding and drug interactions. Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure can be an alternative to warfarin treatment in patients with AF at high risk for thromboembolic events and/or bleeding complications. METHODS Patients with atrial fibrillation and CHADSVASc score ≥ 2, not eligible for anticoagulation, were submitted to left atrial appendage closure using the WATCHMAN device. The procedure was performed under general anaesthesia, and was guided by fluoroscopy and transoesophageal echocardiography. RESULTS Percutaneous LAA closure with the WATCHMAN device was performed in all patients. At 45-day follow-up no recurrent major adverse events and especially no thromboembolic events occurred. CONCLUSIONS Transcatheter closure of the LAA with the WATCHMAN device is generally safe and feasible. Long-term follow-up will further reveal the risk and benefits of this therapy.
Genotype-based Matching to Correct for Population Stratification in Large-scale Case-control Genetic Association Studies

Genome-wide association studies are helping to dissect the etiology of complex diseases. Although case-control association tests are generally more powerful than family-based association tests, population stratification can lead to spurious disease-marker association or mask a true association. Several methods have been proposed to match cases and controls prior to genotyping, using family information or epidemiological data, or using genotype data for a modest number of genetic markers. Here, we describe a genetic similarity score matching (GSM) method for efficient matched analysis of cases and controls in a genome-wide or large-scale candidate gene association study. GSM comprises three steps: (1) calculating similarity scores for pairs of individuals using the genotype data; (2) matching sets of cases and controls based on the similarity scores so that matched cases and controls have similar genetic background; and (3) using conditional logistic regression to perform association tests. Through computer simulation we show that GSM correctly controls false-positive rates and improves power to detect true disease predisposing variants. We compare GSM to genomic control using computer simulations, and find improved power using GSM. We suggest that initial matching of cases and controls prior to genotyping combined with careful re-matching after genotyping is a method of choice for genome-wide association studies.
Analysis of the Atlantic Meridional Mode Using Linear Inverse Modeling: Seasonality and Regional Influences

AbstractPredictability and variability of the tropical Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM) is investigated using linear inverse modeling (LIM). Analysis of the LIM using an “energy” norm identifies two optimal structures that experience some transient growth, one related to El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the other to the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO)/AMM patterns. Analysis of the LIM using an AMM-norm identifies an “AMM optimal” with similar structure to the second energy optima (OPT2). Both the AMM-optimal and OPT2 exhibit two bands of SST anomalies in the mid- to high-latitude Atlantic. The AMM-optimal also contains some elements of the first energy optimal (ENSO), indicating that the LIM captures the well-known relationship between ENSO and the AMM.Seasonal correlations of LIM predictions with the observed AMM show enhanced AMM predictability during boreal spring and for long-lead (around 11–15 months) forecasts initialized around September. Regional LIMs were constructed to determine the.
Shape Preserving Local Histogram Modication

A n o v el approach for shape preserving contrast enhancement is presented in this paper. Contrast enhancement i s a c hieved by means of a local histogram equalization algorithm which preserves the level-sets of the image. This basic property is violated by common local schemes, thereby i n troducing spurious objects and modifying the image information. The scheme is based on equalizing the histogram in all the connected components of the image, which are dened based both on the grey-values and spatial relations between pixels in the image, and following mathematical morphology, constitute the basic objects in the scene. We give examples for both grey-value and color images.