Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the High-energy Emissions of Compact Objects Observed with INTEGRAL SPI: Event Selection Impact on Source Spectra and Scientific Results for the Bright Sources Crab Nebula, GS 2023+338 and MAXI J1820+070

The Spectrometer on INTEGRAL (SPI) instrument has observed the hard X-ray sky from 20 keV up to a few MeV for more than 15 yr. In this energy domain, the main emitters are compact objects for which SPI provides spectral information of prime interest. Recently, two transient sources reached very unusual flux levels and have been detected up to a few hundreds of keV with a high significance level. A drastic reduction of the systematic errors is thus required to obtain reliable spectra. This objective is achieved through an analysis including a detailed understanding of the instrument behavior. This paper presents both aspects of the data analysis: we first give a basic description of the instrumental issues, then we present the solution implemented in the SPI data analysis (at the event selection stage) and illustrate with a few examples the reliability of the SPI results in the high-energy domain when the data analysis is performed properly. We benefit from this refined analysis procedure and propose an updated model of the hard X-ray spectral shape of the Crab Nebula. We revisit the high-energy emission observed in GS 2023+338 spectra during its 2015 outburst and present the first results from the SPI observations dedicated to the recently discovered transient MAXI J1820+070.
How Vulnerable Are Patients with COPD to Weather Extremities?—A Pilot Study from Hungary

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common causes of death globally, with increasing prevalence and years lived with disability (YLD). We aimed to investigate how extreme weather conditions were associated with the number of daily COPD-related emergency visits. We collected data regarding the number of daily emergency department (ED) visits made by patients with COPD in 2017, along with all relevant daily meteorological data for the same year. An analysis of the relationship between the number of COPD-related ED visits and extreme meteorological events was carried out. Extremely low temperatures (OR = 1.767) and dew points (OR = 1.795), extremely high atmospheric pressure (OR = 1.626), a high amount of precipitation (OR = 1.270), and light wind speed (OR = 1.560) were identified as possible risk factors for a higher number of COPD-related ED visits. In contrast, extremely high temperatures (OR = 0.572) and dew points (OR = 0.606) were found to be possible protective factors for COPD-related ED visits. By determining the meteorological risk factors for a high number of COPD-related ED visits, our study may help provide invaluable data for identifying vulnerable patient groups based on weather events, thus making more optimal capacity planning at the ED possible.
Near-infrared Yablonovite-like photonic crystals by focused-ion-beam etching of macroporous silicon

We report on the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) Yablonovite-like photonic crystals by focused-ion-beam (FIB) etching of macroporous silicon. Crystals containing up to 25×25×5 lattice cells are fabricated with a submicronic period of ∼0.75 μm. Photonic band gaps at wavelengths close to 3 μm are demonstrated from reflection measurements and confirmed by numerical calculations. The combination of plasma or chemical etching with FIB micromachining appears to be promising for the fabrication of a large variety of multiple-period 3D photonic crystals at optical wavelengths.
Ap stars with resolved magnetically split lines: Magnetic field determinations from Stokes $I$ and $V$ spectra

We present the results of a systematic study of the magnetic fields and other properties of the Ap stars with resolved magnetically split lines. This study is based on new measurements of the mean magnetic field modulus, the mean longitudinal magnetic field, the crossover, the mean quadratic magnetic field, and the radial velocity of 43 stars, complemented by magnetic data from the literature for 41 additional stars. Stars with resolved magnetically split lines represent a significant fraction, of the order of several percent, of the whole population of Ap stars. Most of them are genuine slow rotators, whose consideration provides new insight into the long-period tail of the distribution of the periods of the Ap stars. Emerging correlations between rotation periods and magnetic properties provide important clues for the understanding of the braking mechanisms that have been at play in the early stages of stellar evolution. The geometrical structures of the magnetic fields of Ap stars with magnetically resolved lines appear in general to depart slightly, but not extremely, from centred dipoles. However, there are a few remarkable exceptions, which deserve further consideration. We suggest that pulsational crossover can be observed in some stars; if confirmed, this would open the door to the study of non-radial pulsation modes of degree $\ell$ too high for photometric or spectroscopic observations. How the lack of short orbital periods among binaries containing an Ap component with magnetically resolved lines is related with their (extremely) slow rotation remains to be fully understood, but the very existence of acorrelation between the two periods lends support to the merger scenario for the origin of Ap stars.
The Effect of the Improvement Technology on the Quality of Midu Pork Roll

Midu pork roll (MPR), produced in Midu County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China, is a traditional fermented meat product with a long history. This study aims to enhance the physical and flavor profile of MPR by improving its process, fermentation conditions and formulations. There were three different formulations, including traditional craft (control group: C), optimization process of Sichuan spicy flavor formula (Test group 1: T1) and optimization process of halogen flavor formula (Test group 2: T2). Higher moisture content, L*, a* and b* values and lower hardness, chewiness and shear force were observed in T1 and T2 compared to C (p < 0.05). A total of 15 free amino acids were detected throughout the fermentation process, during which the content of umami amino acids, sweet amino acids and bitter amino acids underwent significant changes. A total of 88, 85 and 75 volatile compounds were detected in C, T1 and T2, respectively, in which the relative content of alkanes and ketones in T1 and T2 were higher than those in C (p < 0.05). The process and formulas have improved the color, texture characteristics and tenderness of MPR to a certain extent, meanwhile, they have enhanced the flavor of MPR.
Pre-Fault Dynamic Security Assessment of Power Systems for Multiple Different Faults via Multi-Label Learning

With the advancement of machine learning techniques, data-driven power system dynamic security assessment (DSA) has received great research interests. Traditional methods usually apply one DSA model for one specific fault and cannot simultaneously address different multiple faults by one model. To solve this issue and further improve the DSA accuracy performance, this paper proposes a novel DSA method based on multi-label learning (MLL) with a training database for sufficient and incomplete/uneven coverage labels scenarios. By considering fault correlation between different faults, the proposed MLL-based DSA method can handle multiple faults simultaneously with the high stability assessment accuracy performance. Moreover, this paper provides the detailed optimization process and tight mathematical proof for the proposed MLL-based DSA method. Comprehensive simulation tests and comparisons were conducted on the New England 10-machine 39-bus testing system and the synthetic Illinois 49-machine 200-bus testing system.
Vocal Tract Size Normalization in the Perception of Stop Consonants

Synthetic consonant‐vowel syllables representative of large and small vocal tracts were presented to listeners for identification. Ten points on the frequency scale were chosen as initial values for the second formant transitions. Subjects identified the initial consonant as [b], [d], or [g]. The results indicate that place of articulation boundaries are shifted upward for small vocal tract stimuli. That is, listeners perceived the place feature for voiced stop consonants by interpreting second formant transitions with respect to vocal tract size information conveyed by the syllables. The results are interpreted as evidence for the existence of normalizing mechanisms that influence consonant perception. This agrees with a motor theory of speech perception whereby the recipient of an acoustic speech signal reconstructs the speaker's articulatory maneuvers.
Intrinsic Organization of Occipital Hubs Predicts Depression: A Resting-State fNIRS Study

Dysfunctional brain networks have been found in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). In this study, to verify this in a more straightforward way, we investigated the intrinsic organization of brain networks in MDD by leveraging the resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy (rs-fNIRS). Thirty-four MDD patients (24 females, 38.41 ± 13.14 years old) and thirty healthy controls (22 females, 34.43 ± 5.03 years old) underwent a 10 min rest while their brain activity was recorded via fNIRS. The results showed that MDD patients and healthy controls exhibited similar resting-state functional connectivity. Moreover, the depression group showed lower small-world Lambda (1.12 ± 0.04 vs. 1.16 ± 0.10, p = 0.04) but higher global efficiency (0.51 ± 0.03 vs. 0.48 ± 0.05, p = 0.03) than the control group. Importantly, MDD patients, as opposed to healthy controls, showed a significantly lower nodal local efficiency at the left middle occipital gyrus (0.56 ± 0.36 vs. 0.81 ± 0.20, pFDR < 0.05), which predicted the level of depression in MDD (r = 0.45, p = 0.01, R2 = 0.15). In sum, we found a more integrated brain network in MDD patients with a lower nodal local efficiency at the occipital hub, which could predict depressive symptoms.
D branes in string theory, II

Lectures presented at the YITP Workshop on “Developments in Superstring and M-theory”, Abstract In these lectures we review the properties of a boosted and rotated boundary state and of a boundary state with an abelian gauge ﬁeld deriving from it the Dirac-Born-Infeld action and a newly constructed class of classical solutions. We also review the construction of the boundary state for the stable non-BPS state of type I theory corresponding to the perturbative state present at the ﬁrst excited level of the SO (32) heterotic string and transforming according to the spinor representation of SO (32).
Factors Contributing to Microleakage in Orthodontics: A Review of Literature

Aim s : Microleakage under brackets and bands are considered one of the common problems that occur during orthodontic treatments. The main objective of this paper was to review the available information regarding the factors contributing to microleakage in Orthodontics. Materials and Methods: Microleakage was defined, and reviewed and explained the factors contributing to microleakage in orthodontics. Conclusion : A considerable amount of research has been published concerning factors contributing to microleakage in orthodontics. this paper hopes to provide some information regarding this topic for both researchers and people working in clinical fields.
Robust Finite Control Set Model Predictive Current Control for Induction Motor Using Deadbeat Approach in Stationary Frame

The model predictive control increased its prominence in the field of induction machine drives. However, the performance of this strategy depends on the accuracy of the machine model parameters. In order to overcome this deficiency, this paper proposes a robust model predictive current control employing indirect field-oriented control in stationary reference frame using the stator current and the rotor flux vectors as state and stator voltage vector as the input. The control algorithm combines the classical model predictive control with the deadbeat approach in order to calculate the applied stator voltage vector in two components: one element considers the stator current reference, and another employs the disturbances caused due to the parameter errors, which allows to compensate the parameter mismatches in the plant model. The minimized cost function employs the predicted stator voltage vector to select the voltage vector to be applied to the stator terminals of the motor. The control method performance was verified using an experimental test bench analyzing the system steady-state and dynamic actions. In this way, the results corroborate the proposed controller robustness against parametric variations.
Business environment of dairy cattle farmers on cooperative positioning and its implications toward marketing performance

The government has enacted the Republic of Indonesia Regulation Number 20 Year 2008 which discusses Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This legislation directs to overcome external problems faced by MSMEs and facilitates the opening of business opportunities in a manner. The researcher is interested in researching the Dairy Cattle Farmer's Business Environment on Cooperative Positioning and Its Implications toward Marketing Performance. This study aims to provide an overview of the development of dairy cattle business in West Java Province. This study uses a survey method which is a research method utilized to extract facts from existing symptoms and seek factual information (Nazir, 2005). In the survey method, data is collected from a sample of the population and using a questionnaire as the main data collection tool. The result of this study can be concluded that the external business environment, cooperative positioning affect the marketing performance of dairy farmers in West Java Province.
Development of ZnO thin films for SAW devices by the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique

ZnO thin films for use in SAW filters have been prepared on SiO/sub 2//Si substrates by the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique. Thickness of the films has been determined through a SAW propagation simulation on the substrate as 8000 /spl Aring/ for the ZnO and 5000 /spl Aring/ for the SiO/sub 2/ at which the coupling factor and the Rayleigh wave velocity are 0.9% and 2900 m/sec, respectively. For use in SAW filters, the ZnO thin film should have high resistivity and strong piezoelectric activity, i.e., good c-axis orientation. For simultaneous achievement of the two desired properties, we have rigorously investigated the effects of various deposition parameters through experiments. The optimal deposition conditions have been determined as a substrate temperature of 430/spl deg/C, a zinc acetate solution of 0.05 M doped with 20 atomic percent of LiCl, a flow rate of 2.5 ml/min., reactor pressure of 3 Torr, and annealing and cooling down in oxygen environment. Deposited ZnO thin films show good thickness uniformity over a 4" wafer, have c-axis orientation ratio over 99%, and have resistivity of the order of 10/sup 9/ ohm/spl middot/m.
Identities as predictors of vaccine hesitancy during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Vaccine hesitancy is variable across individuals and contexts. Theoretical work suggests that group membership should differentially affect attitudes and behavior related to COVID-19 vaccines, as individuals draw on their identities and experiences relevant to their social groups to deal with uncertainty concerning the vaccines. The present work uses longitudinal survey data to explore how identity predicted vaccination attitudes in the U.S. before COVID-19 vaccines were widely available and which role-based or contextual variables influenced early vaccination decisions. We replicate these patterns in hesitancy with a larger and more racially diverse sample and identify whether encouragement from people with shared identities was important when participants made the decision to be vaccinated. Before the vaccines were widely available, higher SES predicted less hesitancy toward the COVID-19 vaccines, while being Black and/or having more conservative political orientation predicted more hesitancy. More conservative political orientation was a predictor of vaccine hesitancy across racial identities. While rationale for mistrust may vary by identity, vaccine trust is a significant predictor of early vaccination, and it is influenced by local norms surrounding the COVID-19 vaccines. Encouragement from shared group members was more important for women, liberal individuals, and younger individuals in making the decision to be vaccinated.
Bearing fault diagnosis method based on multi-scale domain adaptative network across operating conditions

The intelligent rolling bearings fault diagnosis methods adopting a single vibration signal as the model input present low diagnostic precision, poor noise robustness, and difficulty in applying to variable operating conditions, so a multi-scale domain adaptation network (MSDAN) was put forward for variable load fault diagnosis of rolling bearings. This method combined multi-scale feature extraction with a lightweight convolutional neural network to extract complementary fault features from coarse-grained vibration signals at multiple time scales. Then, correlation alignment (CORAL) distance and domain identification adversarial learning were applied to extract domain invariant features to establish an end-to-end unsupervised fault diagnosis system for rolling bearings. The MSDAN model was evaluated using variable load-bearing datasets of two experimental setups and compared with other methods. The results show that MSDAN has better diagnostic accuracy and cross-domain adaptability than other domain adaptation fault diagnosis methods. In addition, our multi-scale method has more robust stability and generalization ability than any single-channel feature extraction method.
On the capability of feedback for controlling uncertain nonlinear systems

Feedback is used primarily for reducing the effects of the plant uncertainty on the performance of control systems, and as such understanding the following questions is of fundamental importance: How much uncertainty can be dealt with by feedback? What are the limitations of feedback? How does the control performance depend quantitatively on the system uncertainty? How can the capability of feedback be enhanced if a priori information about the system structure is available? This paper presents some concrete answers to these basic questions for a typical class of discrete-time dynamical control systems with unknown nonlinear structure. In particular, it is found and proved that the maximum uncertainty that can be dealt with by feedback is described by a ball with radius 3/2+/spl radic/2 in a normed function space, with the norm defined as a generalized Lipschitz norm.
The Elemental Abundances in Bare Planetary Nebula Central Stars and the Shell Burning in AGB Stars

We review the observed properties of extremely hot, hydrogen‐deficient post–asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars of spectral type [WC] and PG1159. Their H deficiency is probably caused by a (very) late helium‐shell flash or an AGB final thermal pulse, laying bare interior stellar regions that are usually kept hidden below the hydrogen envelope. Thus, the photospheric elemental abundances of these stars allow us to draw conclusions about details of nuclear burning and mixing processes in the precursor AGB stars. We summarize the state of the art of stellar evolution models that simulate AGB evolution and the occurrence of a late He‐shell flash. We compare predicted elemental abundances to those determined by quantitative spectral analyses performed with advanced non‐LTE model atmospheres. Good qualitative and quantitative agreement is found. Future work can contribute to an even more complete picture of the nuclear processes in AGB stars.
T-junction ion trap array for two-dimensional ion shuttling, storage, and manipulation

We demonstrate a two-dimensional 11-zone ion trap array, where individual laser-cooled atomic ions are stored, separated, shuttled, and swapped. The trap geometry consists of two linear rf-ion trap sections that are joined at a 90° angle to form a T-shaped structure. We shuttle a single ion around the corners of the T-junction and swap the positions of two crystallized ions using voltage sequences designed to accommodate the nontrivial electrical potential near the junction. Full two-dimensional control of multiple ions demonstrated in this system may be crucial for the realization of scalable ion trap quantum computation and the implementation of quantum networks.
Nonsingular black holes, wormholes, and de Sitter cores from anisotropic fluids

We study Born-Infeld gravity coupled to an anisotropic fluid in a static, spherically symmetric background. The free function characterizing the fluid is selected on the following grounds: i) recovery of the Reissner-Nordstrom solution of GR at large distances, ii) fulfillment of classical energy conditions and iii) inclusion of models of nonlinear electrodynamics as particular examples. Four branches of solutions are obtained, depending on the signs of two parameters on the gravity and matter sectors. On each branch, we discuss in detail the modifications on the innermost region of the corresponding solutions, which provides a plethora of configurations, including nonsingular black holes and naked objects, wormholes and de Sitter cores. The regular character of these configurations is discussed according to the completeness of geodesics and the behaviour of curvature scalars.
Mass Movement and Landform Degradation on the Icy Galilean Satellites: Results of the Galileo Nominal Mission

The Galileo mission has revealed remarkable evidence of mass movement and landform degradation on the icy Galilean satellites of Jupiter. Weakening of surface materials coupled with mass movement reduces the topographic relief of landforms by moving surface materials down-slope. Throughout the Galileo orbiter nominal mission we have studied all known forms of mass movement and landform degradation of the icy galilean satellites, of which Callisto, by far, displays the most degraded surface. Callisto exhibits discrete mass movements that are larger and apparently more common than seen elsewhere. Most degradation on Ganymede appears consistent with sliding or slumping, impact erosion, and regolith evolution. Sliding or slumping is also observed at very small (100 m) scale on Europa. Sputter ablation, while probably playing some role in the evolution of Ganymede's and Callisto's debris layers, appears to be less important than other processes. Sputter ablation might play a significant role on Europa only if that satellite's surface is significantly older than 108 years, far older than crater statistics indicate. Impact erosion and regolith formation on Europa are probably minimal, as implied by the low density of small craters there. Impact erosion and regolith formation may be important on the dark terrains of Ganymede, though some surfaces on this satellite may be modified by sublimation–degradation. While impact erosion and regolith formation are expected to operate with the same vigor on Callisto as on Ganymede, most of the areas examined at high resolution on Callisto have an appearance that implies that some additional process is at work, most likely sublimation-driven landform modification and mass wasting. The extent of surface degradation ascribed to sublimation on the outer two Galilean satellites implies that an ice more volatile than H2O is probably involved.
Segmentation of multiband imagery using minimum spanning trees

We present a new technique for the automatic segmentation of multiband imagery. Our approach is based on the computation of a minimum spanning tree over a graph derived from the image. We use a fast graph-search algorithm and a custom tree-splitting algorithm to provide a high level of performance. This approach captures some of the gestalt characteristics of human perceptual grouping and is easily adaptable to a variety of spectral and spatial criteria. We demonstrate our technique on multispectral and hyperspectral imagery of the earth's surface.