Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physicians' preferences were a potential instrument for patients' actual prescriptions antidepressants.

Objectives: To investigate whether physicians’ prescribing preferences were valid instrumental variables for the antidepressant prescriptions they issued to their patients. Study Design and Setting: We investigated whether physicians’ previous prescriptions of (1) tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) vs. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and (2) paroxetine vs. other SSRIs were valid instruments. We investigated whether the instrumental variable assumptions are likely to hold and whether TCAs (vs. SSRIs) were associated with hospital admission for self-harm or death by suicide using both conventional and instrumental variable regressions. The setting for the study was general practices in the United Kingdom. Results: Prior prescriptions were strongly associated with actual prescriptions: physicians who previously prescribed TCAs were 14.9 percentage points (95% conﬁdence interval [CI], 14.4, 15.4) more likely to prescribe TCAs, and those who previously prescribed paroxetine were 27.7 percentage points (95% CI, 26.7, 28.8) more likely to prescribe paroxetine, to their next patient. Physicians’ previous prescriptions were less strongly associated with patients’ baseline characteristics than actual prescriptions. We found no evidence that the estimated association of TCAs with self-harm/suicide using instrumental variable regression differed from conventional regression estimates ( P -value 5 0.45). Conclusion: The main instrumental variable assumptions held, suggesting that physicians’ prescribing preferences are valid instruments for evaluating the short-term effects of antidepressants.
SECURITY DEPLOYMENT IN MOBILE ADHOC NETWORKS

: This paper is concerned with security in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). MANETs have unique characteristics and constraints that make traditional approaches to security inadequate. In particular, it is not appropriate to assume preexisting shared secret keys or authentication among members. The lack of an infrastructure exacerbates the situation. Therefore the issues of authentication, key distribution, and intrusion detection require different methods, which are discussed in this paper. Traditional authentication, key distribution, and intrusion detection methods are often too inefficient to be used in resource-constrained devices in MANETs. We propose to combine efficient techniques from elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) and a distributed intrusion-detection system (IDS) based on threshold cryptography. We also propose to use a distributed certifying authority (CA) along with per packet and per-hop authentication for addressing the issues mentioned above. The model assumes that no single node can be trusted and relies instead on a distributed trust model.
Accurate Localization Using Augmented UHF RFID System for Internet-of-Things

—This work addresses the problem of accurate indoor localization with an augmented ultra-high-frequency (UHF) radio-frequency-identiﬁcation (RFID) system. In augmented UHF RFID system, a semi-passive component, called ST (from sense-a-tag), can communicate with the RFID reader as a passive tags, and can also capture the backscattering communication between RFID reader and passive tags within its proximity. The system requires that a grid of passive RFID tags is deployed and ST is attached to object of interest. As such it allows for ﬁne-grained proximity-based localization. ST is localized based on the aggregated binary measurements according to localization algorithms, such as weighted centroid localization (WCL). The aforementioned algorithm assumes that the aggregated binary measurements simply depends on the distance between landmark tags and ST. However, it is not the case for ST-to-tag backscattering communication. To improve the localization accuracy, this paper proposes to use a Monte Carlo-based estimation with the detection probability model of ST-to-tag. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by extensive computer simulation.
LTMIT THEOREMS FOR EXTREMES OF ABSOLUTE VALUES OF GAUSSIAN SEQUENCES

Let {Xn,n\geq 1} be a discrete parameter stationary Gaussin process with E(Xi)=0,E(Xi²)=1 for all i and E(XiXi+n)=rn . Let Mn=\textmaximum\ {|X₁|,ldots |Xn|} and Sn=\textsecond maximum\ {|X₁|,ldots |Xn|} . In this paper the weak convergence in the Skorohod J₁\text-topology , of the processes constructed out of Mn and Sn is discussed.
Lightweight Detection of Spamming Botnets

(cid:151)A botnet is one of the largest problems against the Internet society because it is used to mount Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), to steal users credentials, to send spam email, and so on. To cope with the problem, this paper presents a method of detecting spamming botnets, exploiting the information in a hash table of spams produced in our spam (cid:2)lter. To partition the spams based on the similarity of their messages, we cluster the spams in the hash table in three steps by 1) removing the collision (due to the hashing) in each bucket of the table, 2) merging the clusters obtained in step 1), using the (cid:2)ngerprints of message bodies, and 3) further merging the second-step clusters based on the spam-speci(cid:2)c words in the Subject headers of spams. We identify a bot using the IP address in the (cid:2)rst internal Received header that is prepended to the list of Received headers by the (cid:2)rst internal server of a receiving organization. By simulation, we can cluster about 18,000 real-world spams in about 4,000 seconds with no misclustering on our commodity workstation. The active IP space for bots to send spams is almost the same as the one reported in the literature, except of a slight expansion.
SFMBT2 Function in Chromatin Architecture Mediates Trophoblast Stem Cell Maintenance

The mammalian Polycomb Group gene Sfmbt2 is implicated in embryonic viability through the maintenance of the trophoblast stem (TS) cells and their contribution to development of the placenta. To elucidate the regulatory role SFMBT2 plays in TS cell maintenance, I performed ChIP-seq analyses against endogenous and FLAG-SFMBT2. Genome-wide SFMBT2 localization analyses revealed broad binding profiles suggesting SFMBT2 recruitment is more complex than its Drosophila counterpart dSfmbt. Analysis of SFMBT2 peaks revealed preferential localization to repetitive elements, specifically LINEs, major satellite sequences, and lncRNAs. A consistent pattern of histone and transcription factor accumulation across SFMBT2 peaks was observed. RNA-seq analysis of extraembryonic tissues of SFMBT2-null murine embryos revealed that 75% of differentially expressed genes were upregulated, as expected for loss of a transcriptional repressor. Collectively, the data suggests that SFMBT2 plays a complex regulatory role in mediating chromatin architecture which may contribute to the maintenance of stemness in TS cells.
Accounting for spectroscopic effects in eddy covariance calculations of methane flux

Closed-path and open-path designs of high-speed gas analyzers are widely used in Eddy Covariance research to quantify CO2 and H2O fluxes. Typically such devices use NDIR technology due to combination of good performance, low cost, field robustness, low maintenance and power demands. Recently, new analyzers were developed to measure fluxes of gases beyond CO2 and H2O using laser spectroscopy. The new way of measuring gas concentrations may also bring a need for a new additional correction to the flux values.
Reduction of Value-at-Risk bounds via independence and variance information

We derive lower and upper bounds for the Value-at-Risk of a portfolio of losses when the marginal distributions are known and independence among (some) subgroups of the marginal components is assumed. We provide several actuarial examples showing that the newly proposed bounds strongly improve those available in the literature that are based on the sole knowledge of the marginal distributions. When the variance of the joint portfolio loss is small enough, further improvements can be obtained.
Relationship between rainfall and streamflow in the La Plata Basin: annual cycles, interdecadal and multidecadal variability 2

The aim of this study is to understand the interaction between rainfall and streamflow variability 27 in the La Plata basin (LPB) along a wide range of timescales. The LPB is divided in six sub- 28 basins associated to the main rivers (Paraguay, Parana, Uruguay and Iguazu). The amplification 29 of the streamflow response is addressed in order to evaluate to what extent river discharges 30 variability can be explained by precipitation fluctuations. Mean annual cycles corresponding to 31 1931-2010 period and to each of the decades comprising it are analyzed. Streamflow interdecadal 32 changes are observed in most of the gauging stations. In addition, an 11-year moving-average 33 filter is applied to the normalized annual time series. Results exhibit a considerable higher 34 percentage of explained variance in the streamflow filtered series, highlighting the predominance 35 of medium and low frequencies variability present in these compared to those of precipitation. 36 Consistently, river discharges show higher spectral density in the interdecadal/multidecadal 37 frequencies compared to precipitation analysis. A simple statistical approach to advance in the 38 understanding of the complex rainfall-streamflow physical relationship is addressed with 39 promising results: streamflow spectrums are derived directly from the precipitation spectrum, 40 transformed by a 'basin' operator, characteristic of the basin itself. It is assumed that watersheds 41 act on precipitation as spatio-temporal integrators operating as low-pass filters, like a moving 42 average. Streamflow power spectrums are simulated assuming that the underlying process is an 43 autoregressive moving average (ARMA). Considering as the only input the sub-basin areal- 44 averaged precipitation timeseries, results show that simulated streamflow spectrums fits 45 effectively the observations at the sub-basin scale.
Advances in control strategies and vaccine development of coccidiosis in poultry

Coccidiosis induces huge economic losses to poultry production. Its control through anticoccidial live vaccines and drugs has been very successful with some limitations because of the cost of production of live vaccines, drug resistance, and residues representing public health concerns. Consequently, there is a crucial need for drug-free production of foods. Useful strategies include environmental, immunological, and genetic approaches; feed additives are recent attitudes involving probiotics, synbiotics, organic acids, Phytobiotics as essential oils, antioxidants, and nanobiotics (nanoparticles). A combination of such additives is a recent useful trend. Transgenic Eimeria parasite could fill in the gap in the control of chicken coccidiosis as an efficient anticoccidial vaccine with improved protective efficacy using multiple vaccine antigens. Alternatives justify further studies as therapeutic or prophylactic anticoccidial agents. Full biological and toxicology profiles are crucial for the promising materials which deserve to be applied on a larger scale.
Semantic Based Efficient Retrieval of Relevant Resources and its Services using Search Engines

- The main objective of this paper is to propose an efficient mechanism for retrieval of resources using semantic approach and to exchange information using Service Oriented Architecture. A framework has been developed to empower the users in locating relevant resources and associated services through a meaningful semantics. The resources are retrieved efficiently by Modified Matchmaking Algorithm and dynamic ranking, which shows an improvement in search technique provided by the proposed search mechanism. The performance of retrieval of the proposed search mechanism is computed and compared with existing popular search engines like google and yahoo which shows a significant amount of improvement.
Laughter Conveys Status 1 Running head: LAUGHTER CONVEYS STATUS Laughter Conveys Status

We propose that status influences individuals’ use of dominant versus submissive laughter, and that individuals are conferred status based on the way they laugh. In Study 1, naturally occurring laughter was observed while low- and high-status individuals teased one another. The use of dominant and submissive laughter corresponded to hierarchical variables: High-status individuals and teasers displayed more dominant, disinhibited laughs, whereas low-status individuals and targets of teases displayed more submissive, inhibited laughs. Further, low-status individuals were more likely to vary the form of their laughter between contexts than high-status individuals. Study 2 demonstrated that laughter influences perceptions of status by naïve observers. Individuals who laughed dominantly were afforded higher status than individuals who laughed submissively, regardless of their actual status. Moreover, low-status laughers were perceived to be significantly higher in status, and to have as much status as high-status laughers, when laughing dominantly versus submissively. Finally, exploratory analyses suggest that the positive emotional reactions of observers of laughter can help explain the link between laugh type and status perceptions.
Alveolar epithelial ﬂuid transport can be simultaneously upregulated by both KGF and b -agonist therapy

Alveolar epithelial ﬂuid transport can be simultaneously upregulated by both KGF and b -agonist therapy. J. Appl. Physiol. 87(5): 1852–1860, 1999. —Although keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) protects against experimental acute lung injury, the mechanisms for the protective effect are incompletely under-stood. Therefore, the time-dependent effects of KGF on alveolar epithelial ﬂuid transport were studied in rats 48–240 h after intratracheal administration of KGF (5 mg/kg). There was a marked proliferative response to KGF, measured both by in vivo bromodeoxyuridine staining and by staining with an antibody to a type II cell antigen. In controls, alveolar liquid clearance (ALC) was 23 6 3%/h. After KGF pretreat-ment,ALC was signiﬁcantly increased to 30 6 2%/h at 48 h, to 39 6 2%/h at 72 h, and to 36 6 3%/h at 120 h compared with controls ( P , 0.05). By 240 h, ALC had returned to near-control levels (26 6 2%/h). The increase inALC was explained primarily by the proliferation of alveolar type II cells, since there was a good correlation between the number of alveolar type II cells and the increase in ALC ( r 5 0.92, P 5 0.02). The fraction of ALC inhibited by amiloride was similar in control rats (33%) as in 72-h KGF-pretreated rats (38%), indicating that there was probably no major change in the apical pathways for Na uptake in the KGF-pretreated rats at this time point. However, more rapidALC at 120 h, compared with 48 h after KGF treatment, may be explained by greater maturation of a -epithelial Na channel, since its expression was greater at 120 than at 48 h, whereas the number of type II cells was the same at these two time points. b -Adrenergic stimulation with terbutaline 72 h after KGF pretreatment further increased ALC to 50 6 7%/h ( P , 0.5). In summary, KGF induced a sustained increase over 120 h in the ﬂuid transport capacity of the alveolar epithelium. This impressive upregulation in ﬂuid transport was further enhanced with b -adrenergic agonist therapy, thus providing evidence that two different treatments can simultaneously increase the ﬂuid transport capacity of the alveolar epithelium. for by the mitogenic effect of KGF, although there was evidence that delayed maturation of a -ENaC may limit the upregulation of transport at 48 h, whereas later upregulation of a -ENaC may help to sustain transport at a later time point (120 h), when the mitogenic effect of KGF begins to wane. When instilled into KGF-pretreated rats, terbutaline had an additive stimulatory effect on increasing alveolar liquid clearance to a rate of 50%/h. Thus these results indicate that alveolar liquid clearance can be simultaneously upregulated in the normal lung by two different treatment strategies, one a catecholamine-independent and the other a catecholamine-dependent mechanism. Because a single dose of KGF produced sustained upregulation of alveolar liquid clearance, KGF should be considered as a potential treatment for patients with acute respiratory failure from pulmonary edema and acute lung injury.
Chaavi: A Privacy Preserving architecture for Webmail Systems

—The last two decades have seen major innovations in the Internet and transformation of the way people do business, communicate and live. Concomitant with the Internet bringing the advantages of new services, is a growing awareness of threats to Privacy that the Internet can enable. When considered in this context, the Cloud Computing paradigm requires users forgive disturbing levels of trust by users in the servers that hold their information. There is a pressing need for innovative architectures to allow the user to rely on the server with little or no need for trust in the service provider. In this work, we give an introduction of privacy issues in Cloud Computing and discuss the state of art in the privacy enhancing technologies that can be used for Cloud Computing. We focus on webmail services and propose a privacy preserving architecture in which users can retain their mail in the servers of their service providers in a cloud without compromising functionality or privacy. We benchmark our system and present the results showing that it is feasible to architect a privacy preserving solution for webmail systems.
US Trends in Body Mass in Adolescence and Young Adulthood, 1959–2002

Purpose— This study examined trends in body mass index (BMI) during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood by sex and race using national data from the US spanning over forty years from 1959–2002. While prior research has investigated BMI trends separately in childhood/adolescence or adulthood, this study uniquely focused on the transition to adulthood ages (12–26 years) to identify the emergence of the obesity epidemic during this critical life-stage. Methods— Data came from multiple waves and cross-sections of data from four nationally representative surveys: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES); National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health); National Health Interview Survey (NHIS); and National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth (NLSY79 and NLSY97). The analysis tracked age trends in BMI by time period, which allowed for the examination of how BMI changed during the transition to adulthood and whether the patterns of change varied by period. Data best suited for trend analysis were identified. Age trends in BMI by sex and race were graphed and regression analysis was used to test for significant differences in the trends using NHANES and Add Health. Results— BMI increased sharply in the adolescent ages beginning in the 1990s and among young adults around 2000. This age pattern of BMI increase was more dramatic among females and blacks, particularly black females. Conclusions— BMI increases during the transition to adulthood and these increases have grown larger over time. Obesity prevention efforts should focus on this high risk transition period, particularly among minority populations.
Relationship Between Patients Showing Multiple Lymphadenopathy and HIV Infection in Onitsha Metropolis with Respect to Location

: Four hundred and seventy eight (478) individuals who exhibited some manifestation of chronic and debilitating illness including persistent cough, skin cancer and dermatitis, multiple lymph adenitis, diarrhea and enteritis, genital sore, urethritis, vaginitis and weight loss were examined to establish relationships between human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) and multiple lymph adenopathy (MLA) infection. Statistical comparison of lymph adenopathy in HIV positive and negative individuals with respect to location and testing at P=0.05 showed no significant difference in Onitsha North, South, East and West.
MODULE 1. BUILDING BLOCKS OF PRIMARY EDUCATION 1.1 TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY TEACHING AND LEARNING

Historically, the teaching/learning process has focused mainly on the teacher and their output to the students. Students are merely passive receivers of information, sitting quietly at their desks and listening to a lecture given by the teacher. In this traditional teacher-centered approach, students who are not as quick to grasp concepts are likely to miss information and/or misunderstand it, and therefore have an increased difficulty comprehending future topics and studying successfully. Not all students learn at the same pace and not all students are good at the same subjects. Some may be slower when it comes to understanding mathematics, but quite talented when it comes to more hands-on work. This aspect is especially important as the -image. If they feel like they are not as skilled as others, they might end up losing interest in studying and this may result in a decreased academic performance or even failure (UNESCO, 2015). Consequently, these students do not have the option to unearth their talents because they would need more time and support to do so. 21 century teaching, on the other hand, is meant to prepare every student for their future (working) lives, which means considering the pace of the individual learner to exploit their potential and demanding the teaching of more active skills (e.g., expressing opinions or collaborating) (Tuomarla, 2019). It is therefore necessary to shift from teacher-centered to learner-centered education. Teachercentered refers to learning situations in which the teacher asserts control over the material that students study and the ways in which they study it. (The Glossary of Education Reform, 2014, online)
An Energy-Efficient priority Scheduling Technique for Disaster Response Cellular Networks

During the natural or man-made disasters, telecommunication plays a major role to provide communication among population, government authorities, and to carry rescue operations in the affected areas. However, due to the lack of power and damaged infrastructure it may take several days to resume the entire communication network. In this scenario, it is highly needed to have an effective and timely response to establish persistent and reliable communication. Device-to - Device (D2D) Communication is among the recent advancements to achieve greater device performance by benefiting from short distances, direct communications and the variety of users. The main objective of this work is to provide substitute access to mobile networks if they are affected partially or completely by natural disasters. So, the concept of radio frequency based energy harvesting is employed. Energy harvest will power communication devices and environmental networks. A priority-based energy efficient scheduling (EES) technique is proposed to select the clusters that have less effective signal strength. Further, an optimal communication route is discussed that reduces the loss of connectivity and assists the connection from the serviceable area to inoperable zone. The suggested scheme dramatically saves energy for both cluster heads and user equipment (UE) in crucial circumstances like disasters.