Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UNSTEADY HEAT TRANSFER FLOW OF A CASSON FLUID WITH NEWTONIAN HEATING AND THERMAL RADIATION

This study investigates the unsteady heat transfer flow of a non-Newtonian Casson fluid over an oscillating vertical plate with Newtonian heating on the wall under the effects of thermal radiation. With the help of non-dimensional variables, governing equations are written into dimensionless form and then solved analytically by Laplace transform technique to find the solutions of temperature and velocity. The corresponding solutions of Nusselt number and skin friction are also calculated. The solution in term of viscous fluid is recovered as a limiting case of this work. The effects of the pertinent parameters on temperature and velocity are presented graphically and discussed details in this paper.
Elasticity and high-pressure structure of arsenoflorencite-(La): insights into the high-pressure behaviour of the alunite supergroup

Abstract Arsenoflorencite-(La), ideally LaAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6, was studied at high pressure by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. The unit cell was determined at nine pressures up to 7.471(8) GPa; no evidence of a phase transformation was found in this range. The pressure_volume data (refined simultaneously) were fitted to a third-order Birch−Murnaghan equation of state which gave V0 = 710.71(8) Å3, KT0 = 106(2) GPa and K’ = 9.2(9). These values were confirmed independently from an FE−fE plot. The crystal structure was refined at 1.596, 3.622, 5.749 and 7.471 GPa, the first time this has been done for a member the alunite supergroup. The compressibility of arsenoflorencite-(La) is strongly anisotropic, with βc > βa. The main compression mechanism was found to be governed by the internal angle O3−La−O2 of the La polyhedron, where the O2 and O3 atoms move toward the c axis during compression.
Latency-Aware Horizontal Computation Offloading for Parallel Processing in Fog-Enabled IoT

In this article, we propose a two-step distributed horizontal architecture for computation offloading in a fog-enabled Internet of Things environment—HD-Fog—to minimize the overall energy consumption, and latency while executing hard real-time applications. HD stands for the horizontal distribution of the tasks in the fog layer. Each sensor in the user devices independently captures data of varying formats. Parallel execution on these data is possible based on its directed acyclic task graph (DATG), and the corresponding results facilitate the ease of decision-making. Toward this, in HD-Fog, the sensor nodes in user devices offload their tasks to a nearby fog node based on a greedy selection criterion. This fog node then further offloads the smaller subtasks, based on the DATG, among other fog nodes for parallel execution. Through extensive real-life metric-based emulation and comparison against traditional Fog and Cloud computing schemes, we observe that our approach 1) reduces the overall operational delays by 29% and 96%, and 2) offers promising speedup values. The proposed HD-Fog scheme also indicates a reduction in energy consumption by 30% compared to traditional fog computing schemes.
Classiﬁcation of X-ray Single-Particle Images Using Multiple Output Convolutional Neural Networks

X-ray free-electron lasers single-particle imaging is a promising technology to determine the 3D structures of biological molecules. Due to the large amount of data collected during the experiments, automated data analysis is essential. Past research has shown that convolutional neural network (CNN) can be used to classify the diffraction patterns of the SPI experimental images. This study will present a novel multi-output model based on CNN that accomplishes diffraction pattern classiﬁcation and particle type classiﬁcation at the same time. Our experiment shows that both the 10-layer CNN and VGG-16 reach an accuracy above 90% on both tasks. Additionally, adjusting the weights of the two tasks in the loss function improves the performance of the CNN model. Our model provides a framework that can be extended in the future to generate more outputs. You can access the model here: https://github.com/XiangmengCai/CS230_Project
A Platform as a Service for IoT Application Provisioning in Hybrid Cloud/Fog Environment

A Platform as a Service for IoT Application Provisioning in Hybrid Cloud/Fog Environment Fereshteh Ebrahimnezhad, M.Sc. Concordia University, 2020 IoT ecosystem refers to web-enabled smart devices that use embedded processors, sensors and communication hardware to capture, send and act on data they obtain from their environments. IoT applications range from healthcare to autonomous vehicles. These Applications are composed of interacting components. Provisioning these applications is rather challenging, specially in hybrid cloud and fog settings. Cloud computing with its three main services (i.e., Infrastructure-as-a-Service, Platform-as-aService, and Software-as-a-Service) still faces some challenges. Through the PaaS, application providers can provision (i.e., develop, deploy, manage, and orchestrate) applications in the cloud. However, the wide-area network used to connect the cloud to the end-users might cause high latency which may not be acceptable. Fog computing can reduce this latency induced by distant clouds by enabling the deployment of some application components at the edge of the network while keeping others in the cloud. Existing PaaS solutions (including IoT PaaS solutions) do not enable provisioning of applications with components spanning cloud and fog. The main contribution of this thesis is twofold. First, a novel IoT PaaS architecture for hybrid cloud and fog environments is proposed. Second, the general architecture is prototyped and measurements are made to evaluate the feasibility of the architecture. The application components are implemented as Virtual Network Function(VNF) and Cloudify, an open-source NFV orchestration framework is used.
Do viewers really talk about ads during commercial breaks? Findings from a South Korean social TV platform

ABSTRACT As live TV has lost viewers to streaming services and digital videos, TV producers have strived to bring viewers back to TV screens by integrating social features in programing. Meanwhile, social TV has become a prevalent TV-viewing pattern. Although previous findings indicate that social TV can help increase engagement with TV programs, how it benefits advertisers is still uncertain. This study sheds light on this idea by investigating what live TV viewers talk about during commercial breaks. A content analysis was conducted using 4,792 live comments posted on a major social TV platform during the commercial breaks in five episodes of a popular South Korean TV drama. Results indicate that (a) the majority of the live comments pertained to the drama episodes (79.7%) rather than commercials (8.9%) and (b) comments related to commercials were more likely to be negative (50.1%) than positive (20.6%). Overall, the findings suggest that social TV viewers are generally program-oriented and, thus, either neglect or unfavorably perceive program-irrelevant tasks (e.g. attending to and processing commercials). The findings emphasize the need for an advertising-centric theoretical approach to social TV and provide practical implications for advertisers based on analyzing social TV behavior.
How Contagious Were the Capitol Riots in Europe – In Praxis and in Perception?

ABSTRACT This contribution presents a short overview on the impact of the Capitol Riots riots in Europe. Fear of a similar mass-mediated contagion was explicitly expressed by most of the European leaders. Echoes and acclamation for the riots in the U.S. were indeed heard on websites, QAnon-sites, and within circles of Trump supporters in Europe as well. An earlier storming of the German Reichstag (in 2020) was cited. In the Netherlands, the curfew riots of 24–25 January 2021 also were put into this context. Security agencies and officials in the U.K. and the Netherlands repeated this threat awareness in recent, formal threat assessments.
Appendage regeneration is context dependent at the cellular level

Species that can regrow their lost appendages have been studied with the ultimate aim of developing methods to enable human limb regeneration. These examinations highlight that appendage regeneration progresses through shared tissue stages and gene activities, leading to the assumption that appendage regeneration paradigms (e.g. tails and limbs) are the same or similar. However, recent research suggests these paradigms operate differently at the cellular level, despite sharing tissue descriptions and gene expressions. Here, collecting the findings from disparate studies, I argue appendage regeneration is context dependent at the cellular level; nonetheless, it requires (i) signalling centres, (ii) stem/progenitor cell types and (iii) a regeneration-permissive environment, and these three common cellular principles could be more suitable for cross-species/paradigm/age comparisons.
Physiological factors influencing female fertility in birds

Fertility is fundamental to reproductive success, but not all copulation attempts result in a fertilized embryo. Fertilization failure is especially costly for females, but we still lack a clear understanding of the causes of variation in female fertility across taxa. Birds make a useful model system for fertility research, partly because their large eggs are easily studied outside of the female's body, but also because of the wealth of data available on the reproductive productivity of commercial birds. Here, we review the factors contributing to female infertility in birds, providing evidence that female fertility traits are understudied relative to male fertility traits, and that avian fertility research has been dominated by studies focused on Galliformes and captive (relative to wild) populations. We then discuss the key stages of the female reproductive cycle where fertility may be compromised, and make recommendations for future research. We particularly emphasize that studies must differentiate between infertility and embryo mortality as causes of hatching failure, and that non-breeding individuals should be monitored more routinely where possible. This review lays the groundwork for developing a clearer understanding of the causes of female infertility, with important consequences for multiple fields including reproductive science, conservation and commercial breeding.
An evolutionary process without variation and selection

Natural selection successfully explains how organisms accumulate adaptive change despite that traits acquired over a lifetime are eliminated at the end of each generation. However, in some domains that exhibit cumulative, adaptive change—e.g. cultural evolution, and earliest life—acquired traits are retained; these domains do not face the problem that Darwin’s theory was designed to solve. Lack of transmission of acquired traits occurs when germ cells are protected from environmental change, due to a self-assembly code used in two distinct ways: (i) actively interpreted during development to generate a soma, and (ii) passively copied without interpretation during reproduction to generate germ cells. Early life and cultural evolution appear not to involve a self-assembly code used in these two ways. We suggest that cumulative, adaptive change in these domains is due to a lower-fidelity evolutionary process, and model it using reflexively autocatalytic and foodset-generated networks. We refer to this more primitive evolutionary process as self–other reorganization (SOR) because it involves internal self-organizing and self-maintaining processes within entities, as well as interaction between entities. SOR encompasses learning but in general operates across groups. We discuss the relationship between SOR and Lamarckism, and illustrate a special case of SOR without variation.
Dynamics of a trefoil knotted vortex

Abstract A slender trefoil knotted vortex is studied using direct numerical simulation of the Navier–Stokes equations for vortex Reynolds numbers ($Re \equiv \varGamma /\nu$, circulation/viscosity) up to 12 000. For initially zero twist ($T_{w,0}=0$), neither the writhe $W_r$ nor the global helicity $H$ is conserved. Initially $W_r$ slowly decreases, then suddenly drops during reconnection and becomes almost constant thence; its evolution is almost $Re$ independent. Before reconnection, $H$ also gradually decreases but sharply increases during reconnection. The evolution of $H$ after reconnection strongly depends on $Re$. While steadily decreasing at low $Re$, $H$ significantly increases before eventually decaying at high $Re$. Flow visualization, helicity decomposition and helical wave decomposition reveal that significant amounts of positive and negative twist helicities are simultaneously generated before and during reconnection. Also, the small leading and large trailing rings resulting from asymmetric reconnection have respectively negative and positive twists, which then decay differently due to different initial values, geometries and mutual induction. In particular, at high $Re$, the twist in the small ring, under stretching by the large trailing ring, decays much faster and even switches sign to become positive by the writhe-to-twist conversion – the main reason for the ‘transient growth’ of $H$. Simulations with non-zero initial twists ($T_{w,0}=7.48$ and $22.48$) reveal that the overall dynamics is similar to the $T_{w,0}=0$ case. Hence, the evolution of the trefoil knotted vortex is mainly governed by $W_r$, not $T_w$, although the latter is found to play an essential role in enstrophy growth as well as energy cascade.
Efficacy of a combined chemical peel and topical salicylic acid‐based gel combination in the treatment of active acne

Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition affecting the pilosebaceous unit of the skin characterized by the presence of comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts, which might result in permanent scars. It commonly affects adolescents, but it can occur in any age‐group with the second group of incidence in young women in their 30s.
Desinfección solar del agua

Desde 1990 el Instituto Federal Suizo para la Ciencia y la Tecnología Ambiental (EAWAG) y su Departamento Agua y Saneamiento en Países en Desarrollo (SANDEC) ha venido realizado extensas pruebas de laboratorio y de campo, sobre la Desinfección Solar del Agua denominada SODIS (Solar Disinfection), las cuales han demostrado la perfecta factibilidad técnica y alta eficiencia de la tecnología. Por lo tanto, SODIS es una tecnología que sirve para mejorar exclusivamente la calidad bactereológia del agua para consumo humano.
Some topological properties of uniform subdivision of Sierpiński graphs

Abstract Sierpiński graphs are family of fractal nature graphs having applications in mathematics of Tower of Hanoi, topology, computer science, and many more diverse areas of science and technology. This family of graphs can be generated by taking certain number of copies of the same basic graph. A topological index is the number which shows some basic properties of the chemical structures. This article deals with degree based topological indices of uniform subdivision of the generalized Sierpiński graphs S(n,G) and Sierpiński gasket Sn. The closed formulae for the computation of different kinds of Zagreb indices, multiple Zagreb indices, reduced Zagreb indices, augmented Zagreb indices, Narumi-Katayama index, forgotten index, and Zagreb polynomials have been presented for the family of graphs.
Nutritional assessment and mineral composition of some selected edible vegetables.

Aims: The present study aimed to assess the nutritional significance of some of the commonly consumed vegetables collected from Hangu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Study Design: The study was designed in randomized block design and each analysis was performed with three replicates. Place and Duration of Study:Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat and the duration of the study was one year. Methodology: Present study was conducted to determine thenutritional importance of the commonly consumed vegetable viz.Amaranthus caudatus, Lathyrus aphaca, Abelmoschus esculenthus,Solanum melongena ,Raphanus sativusand Brassica rapa. These vegetable species were evaluated for their nutritional values and min eral composition. By the nutritional analysis of these vegetable species, the total proteins, fats, carbohydrates, ash, and moisture contents were evaluated, whereas the macroelements (Mg and Na) and micro-elements (Fe, Cu, Pb, Mn, Cr, and Cd) were analyz ed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method. OriginalResearch Article
Effects of organic matter on Leymus chinensis germination, growth, and urease activity and available nitrogen in coastal saline soil

ABSTRACT The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of three organic matters (stalk powder, microbial fertilizer, and manure) on Leymus chinensis germination, growth, and urease activity and available nitrogen (N) in coastal saline soil. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with eight treatments: J0V0Y0, J1V0Y0, J0V1Y0, J0V0Y1, J1V1Y0, J1V0Y1, J0V1Y1, J1V1Y1. The notations were based on the quantities of each agent added to 1 kg of coastal saline soil: J0 – no straw powder, J1 – 0.2 kg straw powder, Y0 – no manure, Y1 – 0.3 kg manure, V0 – no microbial fertilizer, V1 – 0.2 L microbial fertilizer, each in quantic repeat. L. chinensis was sown as 50 seeds per pot. Results indicated that addition of organic agents exerted a significantly enhanced germination, increase in fresh weight and elevated soil urease activity. Soil available N levels were significantly positively correlated with soil urease activity and fresh weight, but not with germination rate. It is noteworthy that the halophyte L. chinensis showed improved characteristics when grown in coastal saline soil with addition of organic amendments.
GA Genotype of the Arg280His Polymorphism on The XRCC1 Gene: Genetic Susceptibility Genotype in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas?

Abstract Differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC) are the most common form of endocrine malignancies. The role of genetic variations in the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is approximately 60.0-70.0%. The X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) protein has an important role in DNA repair mechanisms and genomic polymorphisms of XRCC1 gene affect the function of the protein. In the present case-control study, we aimed to compare the genotype frequency distributions of XRCC1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in terms of the presence of other risk factors (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, smoking, obesity, radiation exposure) in patients with thyroid nodules who had fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and/or thyroid surgery due to thyroid cancer. The genotype frequency distributions of three common XRCC1 SNPs (Arg194Trp, Arg399Gln, Arg280His) were compared to those with DTC (n = 228), benign thyroid nodules (BTN, n = 100) and healthy controls (n = 93) in terms of certain pre defined risk factors such as the presence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, smoking, obesity, a family history of thyroid cancer and radiation exposure. The frequency of the GA genotype of Arg280His in DTC cases was found to be higher than in those with BTN and the healthy control group (p <0.001). The DTC group had the lowest frequency of AA genotype of Arg280His (35.5%, p <0.001). Among those with a family history of thyroid cancer, 78.9% had a GA genotype and 21.1% had the AA genotype of Arg280His (p = 0.004). The Arg280His GA genotype was more common in DTC than in cancer-free controls. The GA genotype frequency was also high in DTC cases with a family history of thyroid cancer.
An Approach for Creation of Logistics Management System for Food Banks Based on Reinforcement Learning

Food loss has become a serious problem in recent years, especially in developed countries including Japan. Food welfare organizations called Food Banks which distribute still-edible food to needy people have been active in Japan. Here, we sought to develop a logistics management system for the food banks to improve the efficiency of their food delivery. We propose a method to optimize the food delivery schedule of food banks by means of a reinforcement learning algorithm. In our proposed algorithm, an agent aims to learn the policy for delivering food at the lowest cost. We performed computer simulations to evaluate the validity of the proposed method, and the results demonstrated that the agent could acquire the optimal policy in a small virtual environment in many cases.
Research on Evaluation Method for National Defense Technology Development

Since the acceleration of China's national defense technology development, it is urgent to comprehensively analyze and evaluate the national defense technology development strength and build a qualitative and quantitative indicator system for it. From the perspective of entire national defense technology development, this paper designs a three-level evaluation indicator system for national defense technology development. Based on the subjective and objective combination weighting method, this paper uses the grey relational analysis from the grey system theory to determine the weight of indicators of national defense technology development, and then designs the overall evaluation method to realize the scientific evaluation for national defense technology development.
A dataset for evaluating legal question answering on private international law

International Private Law (PIL) is a complex legal domain that presents frequent conflicting norms between the hierarchy of legal sources, legal domains, and the adopted procedures. Scientific research on PIL reveals the need to create a bridge between European and national laws. In this context, legal experts have to access heterogeneous sources, being able to recall all the norms and to combine them using case-laws and following the principles of interpretation theory. This clearly poses a daunting challenge to humans, whenever Regulations change frequently or are big-enough in size. Automated reasoning over legal texts is not a trivial task, because legal language is very specific and in many ways different from a commonly used natural language. When applying state-of-the-art language models to legalese understanding, one of the challenges is always to figure how to optimally use the available amount of data. This makes hard to apply state-of-the-art sub-symbolic question answering algorithms on legislative texts, especially the PIL ones, because of data scarcity. In this paper we try to expand previous works on legal question answering, publishing a larger and more curated dataset for the evaluation of automated question answering on PIL.