Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The feeding apparatus of Rhea americana (Aves, Palaeognathae): Jaw myology and ontogenetic allometry

In birds, the jaw musculature is a crucial adaptive feature involved in feeding. The morphological traits and postnatal growth patterns of jaw muscles constitute a useful proxy to interpret feeding function and ecology. This study aims to describe the jaw muscles of Rhea americana and explore their postnatal growth pattern. A total of 20 specimens of R. americana representing four ontogenetic stages were studied. Jaw muscles were described, weighed and their proportions with respect to body mass were calculated. Linear regression analysis was used to characterize ontogenetic scaling patterns. The morphological patterns of jaw muscles were characterized by their simplicity: bellies with few or no subdivisions and similar to those described for other flightless paleognathous birds. In all stages, the muscles pterygoideus lateralis, depressor mandibulae, and pseudotemporalis had the greatest mass values. The proportion of total jaw muscle mass decreased with age from 0.22% in 1‐month‐old chicks to 0.05% in adults. Linear regression analysis showed that all muscles scaled with negative allometry with respect to body mass. The progressive decrease of jaw muscle mass relative to body mass in adults could be related to the generation of less force, which is in accordance with the herbivorous diet of adults. In contrast, the diet of rhea chicks includes a large proportion of insects thus, this greater muscle proportion could be associated with the ability to generate more force, thus providing better abilities to grasp and hold more mobile prey.
EDLM: Ensemble Deep Learning Model to Detect Mutation for the Early Detection of Cholangiocarcinoma

The most common cause of mortality and disability globally right now is cholangiocarcinoma, one of the worst forms of cancer that may affect people. When cholangiocarcinoma develops, the DNA of the bile duct cells is altered. Cholangiocarcinoma claims the lives of about 7000 individuals annually. Women pass away less often than men. Asians have the greatest fatality rate. Following Whites (20%) and Asians (22%), African Americans (45%) saw the greatest increase in cholangiocarcinoma mortality between 2021 and 2022. For instance, 60–70% of cholangiocarcinoma patients have local infiltration or distant metastases, which makes them unable to receive a curative surgical procedure. Across the board, the median survival time is less than a year. Many researchers work hard to detect cholangiocarcinoma, but this is after the appearance of symptoms, which is late detection. If cholangiocarcinoma progression is detected at an earlier stage, then it will help doctors and patients in treatment. Therefore, an ensemble deep learning model (EDLM), which consists of three deep learning algorithms—long short-term model (LSTM), gated recurrent units (GRUs), and bi-directional LSTM (BLSTM)—is developed for the early identification of cholangiocarcinoma. Several tests are presented, such as a 10-fold cross-validation test (10-FCVT), an independent set test (IST), and a self-consistency test (SCT). Several statistical techniques are used to evaluate the proposed model, such as accuracy (Acc), sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), and Matthew’s correlation coefficient (MCC). There are 672 mutations in 45 distinct cholangiocarcinoma genes among the 516 human samples included in the proposed study. The IST has the highest Acc at 98%, outperforming all other validation approaches.
Understanding the Family Context: A Qualitative Descriptive Study of Parent and NICU Clinician Experiences and Perspectives

Enabling individualized decision-making for patients requires an understanding of the family context (FC) by healthcare providers. The FC is everything that makes the family unique, from their names, preferred pronouns, family structure, cultural or religious beliefs, and family values. While there is an array of approaches for individual clinicians to incorporate the FC into practice, there is a paucity of literature guiding the process of collecting and integrating the FC into clinical care by multidisciplinary interprofessional teams. The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore the experience of families and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) clinicians with information sharing around the FC. Our findings illustrate that there are parallel and overlapping experiences of sharing the FC for families and clinicians. Both groups describe the positive impact of sharing the FC on building and sustaining relationships and on personalization of care and personhood. The experience by families of revolving clinicians and the risks of miscommunication about the FC were noted as challenges to sharing the FC. Parents described the desire to control the narrative about their FC, while clinicians described seeking equal access to the FC to support the family in the best way possible related to their clinical role. Our study highlights how the quality of care is positively impacted by clinicians’ appreciation of the FC and the complex relationship between a large multidisciplinary interprofessional team and the family in an intensive care unit, while also highlighting the difficulties in its practical application. Knowledge learned can be utilized to inform the development of processes to improve communication between families and clinicians.
An improved local remeshing algorithm for moving boundary problems

ABSTRACT Three issues are tackled in this study to improve the robustness of local remeshing techniques. Firstly, the local remeshing region (hereafter referred to as ‘hole’) is initialized by removing low-quality elements and then continuously expanded until a certain element quality is reached after remeshing. The effect of the number of the expansion cycle on the hole size and element quality after remeshing is experimentally analyzed. Secondly, the grid sources for element size control are attached to moving bodies and will move along with their host bodies to ensure reasonable grid resolution inside the hole. Thirdly, the boundary recovery procedure of a Delaunay grid generation approach is enhanced by a new grid topology transformation technique (namely shell transformation) so that the new grid created inside the hole is therefore free of elements of extremely deformed/skewed shape, whilst also respecting the hole boundary. The proposed local remeshing algorithm has been integrated with an in-house unstructured grid-based simulation system for solving moving boundary problems. The robustness and accuracy of the developed local remeshing technique are successfully demonstrated via industry-scale applications for complex flow simulations.
A Chinese entity extraction method based on maximum entropy principle

In this paper, the maximum entropy principle is used to extract Chinese entity from free text. Nowadays information extraction plays important role in information processing, and entity extraction is the essential research area in information extraction. At First, the concept of entity, general entity extraction method and metric of performance evaluation are introduced. After that, based on maximum entropy principle, a stochastic model for entity extraction is established. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can improve performance of entity extraction.
A Prospective Observational Study Among Patients on Long Term Hemodialysis for Changes in Serum Electrolytes with Varying Urine Outputs and Impact of Patient Counselling on their Quality of Life- A Pilot Study

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as a progressive loss of function occurring over several months to years and is characterized by the gradual replacement of normal kidney architecture with parenchymal fibrosis. End stage renal disease (ESRD) is defined as irreversible decline in a person's own kidney function, which is severe enough to be fatal in the absence of dialysis or transplantation. Since hemodialytic patients with greater urine output have a greater ability to excrete electrolytes, acids, and fluid compared to patients low urine output, they are likely to have less body accumulation of these elements. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a critically important outcome for patients with ESRD.
Comprehensive Approaches for the Search and Characterization of Staphylococcins

Novel and sustainable approaches are required to curb the increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Within the last decades, antimicrobial peptides, especially bacteriocins, have received increased attention and are being explored as suitable alternatives to antibiotics. Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria as a self-preservation method against competitors. Bacteriocins produced by Staphylococcus, also referred to as staphylococcins, have steadily shown great antimicrobial potential and are currently being considered promising candidates to mitigate the AMR menace. Moreover, several bacteriocin-producing Staphylococcus isolates of different species, especially coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), have been described and are being targeted as a good alternative. This revision aims to help researchers in the search and characterization of staphylococcins, so we provide an up-to-date list of bacteriocin produced by Staphylococcus. Moreover, a universal nucleotide and amino acid-based phylogeny system of the well-characterized staphylococcins is proposed that could be of interest in the classification and search for these promising antimicrobials. Finally, we discuss the state of art of the staphylococcin applications and an overview of the emerging concerns.
L2–Optimal Fopdt Models of High–Order Transfer Functions

Necessary conditions for the L2 optimality of a first order plus dead time (FOPDT) model of a high‐order plant are derived using classic analytic function theory. They are expressed as a set of three nonlinear equations that partly resemble the interpolation conditions valid for rational approximation. From these conditions a simple procedure to find the optimal FOPDT model is obtained. Examples taken from the relevant literature are worked out to show the performance of the method in comparison with alternative techniques.
Electrochemical Deposition of Polypyrrole in the Presence of Silanes as Adhesion Promoters

Polypyrrole adhesion to indium–tin oxide electrodes was improved by adding pre-hydrolyzed alkoxysilanes to the electrodeposition media. The pyrrole oxidation and film growth rates were studied by potentiostatic polymerization in acidic media. The morphology and thickness of the films were studied by contact profilometry and surface-scanning electron microscopy. The bulk and surface semiquantitative chemical composition was studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Finally, the adhesion was studied by scotch-tape adhesion test, where both alkoxysilanes showed a significant improvement in adhesion. We proposed a hypothesis for the improvement in adhesion, that involves the formation of siloxane material as well as in situ surface modification of the transparent metal oxide electrode.
Simulating Urban Transport for a Week Time Horizon Using MATSim

MATSim is a large-scale multi-agent, activity-based transport simulation model. It can simulate each person in a urban area, managing millions of agents in reasonable computation times. Besides supply information, MATSim needs a planned activity schedule for every person as input data. Its time horizon is one day, and the activity-trip chains have to be fully deﬁned before each simulation (start-time, duration, location, trip mode, and sequence for the entire day). MATSim scores the simulation, mutates agentsâ plans and executes a new simulation many times, optimizing the macroscopic indicators and reaching user equilibrium conditions. However, the one day time horizon is a hard restriction for studying current transport planning challenges using MATSim. Recent studies show that the behavioral variety of travelers can not be well analyzed with only one day simulation results. Usual analysis procedures, like clustering the population according to their travel behavior, need multi-day information to account for intra-personal variability. Furthermore, longer time horizons allow to include restrictions like time and money budgets, and to simulate individual mode choice over time, identifying mode clienteles. Developments of advanced time consumption travel models require observations of at least a week for calibration purposes, because a complete cycle of work and leisure must be included. In conclusion, time consumption decisions that humans take inside a day depend on individual
One-Step Robot-Assisted Complete Urinary Tract Extirpation in Man with End-Stage Renal Disease on Dialysis: The First Case Report

Simple Summary If patients with end-stage renal disease under dialysis suffered from urothelial carcinoma, extirpating the whole urothelium of urinary tracts in one-stage surgery could offer benefits of removing highly suspicious recurrent cancers in the future in advance and simplifying the bothersome monitoring strategies. Postoperative infection could be lowered if dialysis was carried out via autogenous vascular fistula, rather than temporary catheters. However, it was possible that autogenous vascular fistula became dysfunctional and required surgical revisions. For patients after extirpating the whole urinary tracts, kidney transplants with ileal conduits were feasible to re-establish the filtration system of the bodies. However, this choice was reserved for those without lymph nodes involvement or metastasis. Abstract Urothelial carcinoma (UC) could be observed in urinary bladder (UBUC) and upper urinary tracts (UTUC). In the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for bladder cancer, extirpative surgery is indicated in certain cases. However, some extreme cases might also need the extirpation of the majority of the urinary tract, which is called complete urinary tract extirpation (CUTE). We present a patient diagnosed with high-grade UBUC and UTUC. He underwent dialysis for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) at the same time. Considering his non-functional kidneys and removing his high-risk urothelium at the same time, we performed robot-assisted CUTE to extirpate both his upper urinary tracts, urinary bladder, and prostate. In our experience, the console time was not significantly elongated, and the perioperative course was uneventful. To our knowledge, this is the first case report adopting a robotic system in such an extreme case. We conclude that robot-assisted CUTE is worth further study regarding its oncological survival outcomes and perioperative safety in patients with ESRD on dialysis.
A Covert Jamming Scheme Against an Intelligent Eavesdropper in Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks

In this work, we design a covert jamming scheme against an intelligent Eve towards physical layer security in a cooperative cognitive radio networks. To protect the primary message from being decoded by an intelligent eavesdropper (Eve), a secondary user is picked as a friendly jammer that transmits artificial noise (AN) to the Eve. However, the intelligent Eve can detect the existence of AN, and thus the AN is inclined to be covertly transmitted at a lower detection probability, thereby mistaking the AN as background noise by the Eve. In this article, firstly, by using a binary hypothesis testing, the detection error probability (DEP) is explicitly derived for detection performance analysis of the Eve in the perfect as well as statistical channel state information (CSI) scenario, separately. With the DEP, a covert jamming scheme is formulated to transmit the AN in both cases. Then, an optimization problem is formulated, and then recast into a two-part problem to maximize the secrecy performance with the covert jamming scheme in the perfect CSI case. Finally, the effective secrecy throughput is maximized under convert constraints in the statistical CSI case. Numerical results are provided to validate the DEP at the Eve and secrecy performance analysis.
Instructional Design and Its Usability for Branching Model as an Educational Strategy

Introduction: Serious Games (SG) are an educational strategy used in the health professions with positive results in teaching diagnosis and facilitating the application of concepts and knowledge transfer. A type of SG is the branching scenario, which has the potential for a linear story or multiple options to achieve learning goals. There must be evidence for this type of SG's instructional design (InD) and usability. Objective: Propose an InD for the branching scenario and rate its usability. Materials and methods: We conducted a two-phase study. In the first phase, we drafted an InD based on the literature review, and then, we applied an expert validation process through a modified Delphi technique. With the consent of InD, we built five branching scenarios. In the second phase, we apply an instrument to measure the SG usability of the branching scenarios in a cross-sectional study with 216 undergraduate medical students. Results: A proposal for an InD for branching scenarios was elaborated. This InD has five dimensions with steps and definitions that help the designer fulfill the requirements for the SG. With the InD, we developed five branching scenarios for undergraduate medical students. Finally, the rates for the usability of the branchings had high scores. The branching SG with multiple options offers different outcomes for the same clinical problem in a single activity. Discussion: The proposal of a specific InD for branching scenarios considered SG theory and was tested, at least in user usability. The steps proposed include the specificity of the requirements of an SG, such as levels, checkpoints, avatars, and gameplay characteristics, among others, in contrast to the other InD that do not explicitly consider them. One of the limitations of this study is that we applied it only using the H5P software to develop branching scenarios with no other evidence of the performance of the InD in different contexts or platforms. Conclusions: We propose using an InD to construct branching scenarios. This kind of SG has specific characteristics for its correct operation. Using structured steps in developing SG improves the probability of developing decision-making skills. Using an instrument to assess the usability of at least one dimension of the SG is also recommended to identify opportunity areas.
Jacquet erosive diaper dermatitis in a child with COVID-19

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, several reports around the world indicated that the novel coronavirus could be associated with specific dermatologic manifestations. Among earlier articles, encountered features included erythematous maculopapular exanthems, chilblains-like acral skin lesions, vesicular, and urticarial rashes. We describe the first case of Jacquet erosive diaper dermatitis in a 17-month-old girl with a confirmed COVID-19 infection. This article may serve to expand the knowledge of the diverse clinical features of COVID-19 infection, particularly among the pediatric population.
Histopathological Study on Collagen in Full-Thickness Wound Healing in Fraser’s Dolphins (Lagenodelphis hosei)

Simple Summary The deposition of excessive collagen resulting in scarring is a detrimental outcome of the wound healing process in humans, ultimately impeding the successful restoration of skin function. Surprisingly, in Fraser’s dolphins (Lagenodelphis hosei), collagens undergo a configuration change during wound healing and eventually recover to normal architecture. However, little research has been conducted on dolphins’ collagen composition in the skin and the underlying mechanism during the wound healing process. Here, histochemical staining and immunostaining were performed on normal and wounded skin samples in different healing stages of Fraser’s dolphins. The results demonstrate that collagens changed in composition during the wound-healing process. The mature healed wound implies the great ability to remove excessive collagen depositions in hypertrophic-like scars in Fraser’s dolphins. A better understanding of collagen dynamics in Fraser’s dolphins would provide more information and possibilities for solving aberrant scarring problems in humans. Abstract Fraser’s dolphins (Lagenodelphis hosei) possess great healing abilities. Their skin composition can be restored after wounding, including collagen spacing, orientation, and bundle thickness. However, it remains unclear how collagens are involved in the wound-healing process and eventually regain normality in Fraser’s dolphins. Learned from the other two scarless healing animals, changes in type III/I collagen composition are believed to modulate the wound healing process and influence the scarring or scarless fate determination in human fetal skin and spiny mouse skin. In the current study, Herovici’s, trichrome, and immunofluorescence staining were used on normal and wounded skin samples in Fraser’s dolphins. The results suggested that type I collagens were the main type of collagens in the normal skin of Fraser’s dolphins, while type III collagens were barely seen. During the wound healing process, type III collagens showed at early wound healing stages, and type I collagen increased in the mature healed wound. In an early healed wound, collagens were organized in a parallel manner, showing a transient hypertrophic-like scar, and eventually restored to normal collagen configuration and adipocyte distribution in the mature healed wound. The remarkable ability to remove excessive collagens merits further investigation to provide new insights into clinical wound management.
Effects of regular exercise on skin moisturizing function in adults

Among lifestyle habits, the effect of exercise on skin moisturizing function has not been studied. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the effect of regular exercise on skin moisturizing function. The participants were 30-64 years old with no history of skin diseases and no exercise habits at the start of the study. The intervention group (n=9) continued to exercise at least 600 Mets/week for 8 weeks, while the control group (n=28) followed conventional lifestyle habits for 8 weeks. Questionnaires regarding lifestyle habits were administered at the beginning and after 8 weeks, and skin moisturizing function (stratum corneum hydration: SC hydration, Trans-Epidermal Water Loss: TEWL) was measured. Analysis of covariance was performed using sex, age, and measurements at the start of the study as covariates. Analysis of covariance showed that after 8 weeks of “moderate” or “higher” exercise, there was a trend toward higher SC hydration in the intervention group compared to that in the control group (p=0.083, η2=0.10). There was no difference in TEWL after 8 weeks (p=0.864, η2=0.00). These results suggest that regular exercise may help maintain and improve skin moisturizing function.