Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and analysis of planar compliant microgripper based on kinematic approach

The overall design scope of most microgrippers developed in recent years lacks a systematic mechanism design approach. Accordingly, the main objective of this investigation is to establish a new design concept in order to enhance the design scope of microgrippers. Using a systematic design procedure which particularly stresses planar compliant mechanisms, this study presents an atlas of 28 different planar compliant linkages for two-finger microgrippers. The preliminary FEM simulation results are in good agreement with the expected kinematic motion. Moreover, the stress analysis also points out that the relationship between the direction of driving force and orientation of deflected compliant joints is one of the crucial factors for designing the compliant microgripper mechanism. Hence, the mechanism design concept presented in this study can be integrated into the design of micro-scale actuating devices.
Application of Finite Difference Time Domain to Calculate the Transmission Coefficient of an Electromagnetic Wave Impinging Perpendicularly on a Dielectric Interface with Modified MUR-I ABC

MATLAB codes were implemented in this study for a one dimension wave formulation using the computational technique of finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The codes have then been verified under two cases, one a simple one dimensional wave impinging perpendicularly on a dielectric layer from air interface and second is a one dimensional wave impinging momentarily on a small dielectric slab. The transmission coefficients under both the cases have also been verified. For the former case, there is a constant transmission coefficient irrespective of the frequency of the electromagnetic wave impinging on it and for the latter; there is a sinusoidal type variation due to multiple reflections along the wall of the dielectric slab. In the course of this implementation of the codes a novel technique to implement the absorbing boundary condition (ABC) on the dielectric interface has also been devised based on the Mur-I ABC which has been verified for a dielectric of dielectric constant 4єo. The implementation of the codes presents a recapitulation of the evolution of FDTD from Yee’s Algorithm to the latest modifications in the ABC. Defence Science Journal, 2012, 62(4), pp.228-235 , DOI:http://dx.doi. org/10.14429/dsj.62. 792
MODELLIERUNG DES MENSCHLICHEN HERZENS

Das Verhalten des menschlichen Herzens lässt sich durch Fortschritte in Wissenschaft und Technik zunehmend exakter und umfassender modellieren. Diese Modellierung der dynamischen Zusammenhänge zwischen Anatomie, Elektrophysiologie und Mechanik eröffnet eine Vielzahl von Anwendungsmöglichkeiten. Es wird möglich, Pathologien differenzierter zu diagnostizieren, die Auswirkungen von Therapiemethoden rechnergestützt zu simulieren und patientenspezifisch die geeignete Behandlungsmethode auszuwählen. Im folgenden werden die grundlegenden Techniken und Methoden zur makroskopischen Modellierung des Herzens aufgezeigt und diskutiert. Die Arbeit ist gegliedert in eine Beschreibung der Teilgebiete anatomische, elektrophysiologische und elastomechanische Modellierung.
Simulations on the Stability and Stabilization Method for Random Long Delay Network Control

Networked Control System (NCS) is a class of feedback control system forming a closed loop through the communication network. Due to the nodes conflicts, poor network stability, limited data bandwidth and other uncontrollable factors in the transmission, network-induced delay is the main factor reducing system performance and stability. Studying the state feedback rules of Long Delay Network Control system, the author proposes Stability and stabilization method for Random Long Delay Network Control. The method models random long delay closed-loop network control system, compensate the delay and complete the network stability and stabilization. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the validity of the conclusion.
Application of Least Squares Algorithm on Maps Building for Mobile Robot

In this paper, the laser sensor is used to detect environmental information. The problems of maps building of mobile robot are researched in the indoor structured environment. Least squares algorithm is adopted to build local maps, and a method of dynamic partition are presented based on the distance of adjacent points and angle. For accomplishing the self-localization and route planning of the mobile robot in the indoor environment lacking of the prior map, this paper present the method of the global map building based on the match of the feature points and the characteristic line. The experiments show the methods presented are effective and practicable.
IMPLANTATION SUR DSP TMS320LF2407 D’UN ALGORITHME DE MODULATION VECTORIELLE POUR LA COMMANDE D’UN ONDULEUR DE TENSION

RESUME La modulation de largeur d’impulsion vectorielle, est une technique de commande numerique basee sur le calcul avance du temps, selon plusieurs methodologies. L’algorithme du procede doit permettre le calcul et la generation de la valeur moyenne de tension dans un temps relativement reduit a la cadence d’echantillonnage. Cette valeur moyenne du vecteur de tension de reference est calcule en fonction des tensions secondaires delimitant le secteur en cours. Pour le faire, on a opte pour une electronique a processeur de traitement de signal numerique. Ce processeur concu par TEXAS INSTRUMENT est specialement dedie aux applications du genie electrique. On a mis au point un banc d’essai compose d’un variateur de vitesse, d’une machine electrique a 3Kw comme charge electrique et d’une electronique intelligente pilotee par le DSP TMS320LF2407. L’algorithme de commande a ete developpe en langage C- CCS du kit DSK. Pour une frequence d’echantillonnage choisie egale a 1ms conformement a l’inertie du systeme, l’algorithme developpe est capable d’identifier le secteur en cours, calculer la tension moyenne, de generer les signaux de modulation de largeur d'impulsion vectorielle (SVPWM) dans un temps de 220μs. ce qui donne a notre systeme la possibilite d’integrer d’autre programme dans le temps restant. On conclusion la conception numerique a permet la maitrise totale de banc d’essai avec une grande souplesse de parametrage et d’ajustement et avec une tres grande precision. MOTS CLES: MLI vectorielle, carte DSK (Digital Signal Processor) TMS320F2407, Onduleur triphase, Machine a Induction. ABSTRACT Vector PWM is a digital control technique based on pre-calculated time under several methodologies. The algorithm should enable the calculation and generation of the voltage average value in a relatively short time with respect to the sampling rate. The reference voltage vector is calculated using the secondary voltage delimiting the current sectors. This is achieved through a digital signal processor conceived by TEXAS INSTRUMENT LTD and is specially dedicated to electrical engineering applications. Thus, a test rig which consists of a variable speed drive, a 3 kW AC machine and an intelligent electronic driven by the TMS320LF2407 DSP was built. The control algorithm was developed in the C language environment using the CCS DSK. For a 1 ms sampling frequency chosen to comply with the inertia of the system, the proposed algorithm is able to identify the current sector, calculate the average voltage and generate the PWM vector signals (SVPWM) in about 220μs time. This allows the system to handle any other task in the remaining time. We conclude that this digital design allows a total control of the test bench with a flexible configuration and precise adjustment with great precision.
DOE Report: Combined Heat and Power: Effective Energy Solutions for a Sustainable Future

Reports produced before January 1, 1996, may be purchased by members of the public from the following source. Reports are available to DOE employees, DOE contractors, Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDE) representatives, and International Nuclear Information System (INIS) representatives from the following source. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
https://researchopenworld.com/recent-research-efforts-in-improving-lithium-ion-battery-safety/#

The Lithium-ion battery (LIB) has been utilized in many applications for thirty years, from personal electronics to electric vehicles. Many developments during the past decades resulted in high energy density and capacity in LIBs. However, battery safety still remains an issue alongside the continuous growth in the LIB market. Recent high-profile hazardous incidents gained considerable attention from the public as well as among researchers. This short review summarizes the recent efforts in improving LIB safety on three fronts: (1) materials advancement, (2) early monitoring and detection of thermal runaway events, and (3) fault diagnosis and fault-tolerance controls.
Demand Responsive Lighting: A Scoping Study

LBNL-62226 Demand Responsive Lighting: A Scoping Study Francis Rubinstein Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Sila Kiliccote Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Rd. Building 90R3111 Berkeley CA 94720 January 3, 2007 This work described in this report was coordinated by the Demand Response Research Center and funded by the California Energy Commission, Public Interest Energy Research Program, under Work for Others Contract No. 500-03-026 and by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02- 05CH11231.
Modifying the rumen environment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

Ruminants were among the first domesticated animals and have been providing food, leather, wool, draft and by-products to humanity for at least 10,000 years. However, rumen methanogens reduce CO2 to CH4 in association with other rumen microbes that generate substrates for methanogenesis. Consequently, other rumen microbiota can directly and indirectly impact the abundance and activity of methanogens. Enteric methanogenesis from ruminants accounts for approximately 6% of total anthropogenic greenhouse gases emissions and can represent from 2 to12% of the host’s gross energy intake. A myriad of strategies to mitigate CH4 emissions have been investigated, but few have been adopted by industry. This chapter reviews rumen- and feed-associated factors affecting CH4 production and outlines the challenges associated with achieving a reduction in enteric CH4 emissions. The pros and cons of these strategies are discussed in an attempt to define the best approaches to mitigate CH4 emissions from ruminant production systems.
External Transport Pricing and Modal Choice: Evidence from a Paris Case Study

Many European studies have shown that prices paid by transport users do not cover the real cost of moving. Costs related to pollution, congestion, noise and accidents are only partially covered. External costs caused by travel using public transport are lower than using cars. This deduction has pushed many authorities to encourage the transfer of passenger traffic from private car to public transport. The purpose of this study is to estimate the impact of some external costs pricing on the commuters’ modal split between car and public transport. This paper will use two pricing schemes: exogenous toll and marginal social cost pricing. To put it into practice, the paper estimate Multinomial Logit (ML). On the other hand, ML has a critical assumption related to the Independence from Irrelevant Alternatives. In order to relax this property the paper will recast the model as a nested structure. Price scenarios through a Nested logit model are simulated. Therefore by estimating the choice probabilities, the paper will calculate the welfare gains. The aim results of this paper indicate that prices paid by transport users must reflect marginal external costs (mec). For the exogenous toll, the welfare gains are relatively small. This finding is not surprising because taxes are below the mec. For the marginal social cost pricing, all taxes are corrected so as to equal the mec; the welfare gain is estimated at 0.61%. It is also evident that a part of the reduction in car use is due to its substitution for public transport.
Autonomous Ship Model to Perform Manoeuvring Tests

The paper describes the development of one guidance, control and navigation platform for autonomous surface vehicles, as well as a specific application of using it in a vehicle for performing a set of manoeuvring tests autonomously. In order to be possible to guide the model from land and in a back-up manual mode or to transmit a mission profile for operation in automatic mode a bidirectional communication is established via radio. A set of experiments have been conducted in a lake and the first set of results is presented here. The experiments were performed successfully and have shown the validity of the whole system.
Income Inequality, Welfare, and Poverty: An Illustration Using Ukrainian Data

The Ukraine is now faced with economic crisis on an unprecedented scale. The government has to follow rigorous demand management policies, which entail lowering the population's standard of living. To design policies that protect the poorest and most vulnerable groups in the society, it is important to understand the nature of poverty and income inequality. The author addresses the following questions: What is the extent of income inequality and is it increasing? How can observed changes in inequality be explained? Is the burden of income tax evenly distributed across the population? The Ukranian data base is far from satisfactory, so the author's findings are only tentative. Among them: 1) the standard of living increased significantly in the late 1980s, then fell in the 1990s. Real per capita family income grew by an average of 7 percent in 1989-90, then fell about 24 percent in 1991-92. Per capita income for families dependent on government transfers fell by more than one-half. 2) Income inequality declined in the 1980s, to rise again in 1991-92. In particular, the family incomes of state and collective farm workers -- relative to industrial workers -- improved between 1980 and 1991. The increase in inequality that occurred in 1991-92 came about, among other reasons, because government benefits tended to be redistributed to richer families, not those in need. Poverty in Ukraine declined over the period 1980-91, from 38 percent of the population to 9 percent. But in 1992, 30 percent of the population was poor again, an alarming increase attributable both to a decline in real per capita income and an increase in income inequality. Still, income inequality was lower in Ukraine than in most other former republics of the Soviet Union.
Concentrations and emissions of ammonia in livestock buildings in Northern Europe

Abstract Emissions of ammonia from livestock farming are responsible for the acidification and eutrophication of deposited ammonia in the environment. Research into the ammonia emission from livestock houses was carried out in 14 housing types for cattle, pigs and poultry in England, The Netherlands, Denmark and Germany. Concentrations of ammonia and carbon dioxide (the latter for estimating ventilation rates) were measured at seven locations inside and one location outside in four replicates of each housing type over 24h under summer and winter conditions. Mean concentrations and emissions per housing type per country were estimated together with some variance components. Mean ammonia concentrations were lower than 8 p.p.m. in cattle houses, between 5 and 18 p.p.m. in pig houses and between 5 and 30 p.p.m. in poultry houses. The concentrations of ammonia in a number of pig and poultry houses exceeded the threshold value of 25 p.p.m. and may affect adversely the health of both stockmen and animals. Ammonia emissions from cattle houses (dairy cows, beef and calves) varied between 80 and 2001 mg/h per animal or 315 and 1798 mg/h (500 kg) live weight. Ammonia emissions from pig houses (sows, weaners and finishers) varied between 22 and 1298 mg/h per animal or 649 and 3751 mg/h (500 kg) live weight. Ammonia emissions from poultry houses (laying hens and broilers) varied between 2·1 and 39·4 mg/h per bird or 602 and 10 892 mg/h (500 kg) live weight. The emission rates should be used carefully, because of large variations between countries, between commercial houses and between seasons. Not all variations could be explained in terms of physical and chemical processes involved in the emission of ammonia. A comparison with other Dutch results revealed that the method used in this research for measuring ammonia emission rates produced accurate mean emission rates.
Guide on Transformer Intelligent Condition Monitoring (TICM) Systems

The market now offers plenty of sensors, IEDs, on-line continuous monitoring systems, analysis algorithms and software systems for condition evaluation. However there is no common practice on how to manage the whole process and convert the large amount of data into useful and relevant information. Common ideas and designs would enable the construction of a Transformer Intelligent Condition Monitoring (TICM) System, flexible and extensible enough to meet utility needs now and in the future. The WG A2.44 objective through this Technical Brochure (TB) is to provide guidance to manufactures and utilities interested in understanding the main aspects involved with TICM. This understanding may help them to: - define projects, processes and specifications to utilize best practices, and maximize the use of Condition Monitoring (CM) and diagnostic information; - improve asset management techniques with the large scale use of integrated information systems; - recommend actions for the use of existing on-line continuous monitoring systems and TICM systems. Several aspects of the TICM process are addressed in the text throughout the discussion of modelling ideas, architecture possibilities, example algorithms, results from a WG survey and some examples of monitoring cases. A review of alternatives based on what currently exists is presented, in order to construct a suitable transition process towards future CM solutions and scenarios. For a better investment return this transition should ideally occur with a minimum of technical and economic impact on legacy systems.
SVM PWM strategy for high power 3-level inverters in variable frequency applications

A strategy for the implementation of space vector PWM in a 3-level inverter for variable frequency applications is explained in this paper. The strategy uses the nearest three vector (NTV) method and considers the switching frequency limitations of GTO thyristors used in high power inverters. Typical waveforms and harmonic analysis of the output voltage waveforms for various carrier ratios and modulation depths are presented. This scheme is to be implemented in a 4500 V DC, 3000 kVA inverter being developed.
Anthropometric study to update minimum aircraft seating standards

This study was initiated by the Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA) under UK Civil Aviation Authority funding. The study was undertaken against a background trend of generally increasing body dimensions within the European population. This trend, when combined with an increasing number of longer duration flights and high density seating, prompted the need for a wide-ranging review of published anthropometric data that would guide JAA when considering the need for any regulation in this area. It should be noted that this report concentrates on the safety issues associated with seating arrangements. The specific aim is to ensure that seating standards are such that passengers would be able to quickly evacuate an aircraft in the event of an emergency. Thus, the study considers seating accommodation against expected population body dimensions. Software modelling has been used to make an initial assessment of the relationship between seating dimensions and evacuation difficulties. The health implications of aircraft seating are also considered. However, the comfort aspects of aircraft seating did not form part of the research study.
Phase‐spacing optimization of linear microstrip antenna arrays using simulation‐based surrogate superposition models

A technique for simulation‐driven optimization of the phase excitation tapers and spacings for linear arrays of microstrip patch antennas is presented. Our technique exploits two models of the array under optimization: an analytical model which is based on the array factor, as well as an electromagnetic (EM) simulation‐based surrogate model of the entire array. The former is used to provide initial designs which meet the design requirements imposed on the radiation response. The latter is used for tuning of the array radiation response while controlling the array reflection response as well as for validation of the final design. Furthermore, the simulation‐based surrogate model allows for subsequent evaluation of the array responses in the beam scanning operation at negligible computational costs. The simulation‐based surrogate model is constructed with a superposition of simulated radiation and reflection responses of the array under design with only one radiator active at a time. Low computational cost of the surrogate model is ensured by the EM‐simulation data computed with coarse meshes. Reliability of the model is achieved by means of suitable correction carried out with respect to the high‐fidelity array model. The correction is performed iteratively in the optimization process. Performance, numerical efficiency, and accuracy of the technique is demonstrated with radiation pattern synthesis of linear arrays comprising 32 microstrip patch antennas by phase‐spacing optimization. Properties of the optimal designs in the beam scanning operation are then studied using the superposition models and compared to suitably selected reference designs. The proposed technique is versatile as it also can be applied for simulation‐based optimization of antenna arrays comprising other types of individually fed elements. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 25:536–547, 2015.
Leading by Metaphors –A Case Study of a Mega IT Project in a Danish Bank

Contrary to the existing literature and studies of large-scale IT projects, empirical data from a mega IT project in mid-sized Danish Bank, Jyske Bank, demonstrates a successful implementation of a highly complex IT platform transition. Linguistic representations and especially extensive use of metaphors by executive management to form and shape the megaproject appeared to have significant impact on guidance of individual and collective action, and thereby presumably one of the important factors for the successful implementation. To learn from this case study, we investigate the metaphorical use in the megaproject and discuss how leading by metaphors are enacted. Our findings are that (1) metaphorical storytelling can act as backbone for communication, (2) metaphors can set direction for technical capabilities, and finally (3) metaphors can be used to emphasize emotional intelligence.