Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crossover in Parametric Fuzzing

Parametric fuzzing combines evolutionary and generator-based fuzzing to create structured test inputs that exercise unique execution behaviors. Parametric fuzzers internally represent inputs as bit strings referred to as “parameter sequences”. Interesting parameter sequences are saved by the fuzzer and perturbed to create new inputs without the need for type-specific operators. However, existing work on parametric fuzzing only uses mutation operators, which modify a single input; it does not incorporate crossover, an evolutionary operator that blends multiple inputs together. Crossover operators aim to combine advantageous traits from multiple inputs. However, the nature of parametric fuzzing limits the effectiveness of traditional crossover operators. In this paper, we propose linked crossover, an approach for using dynamic execution information to identify and exchange analogous portions of parameter sequences. We created an implementation of linked crossover for Java and evaluated linked crossover’s ability to preserve advantageous traits. We also evaluated linked crossover’s impact on fuzzer performance on seven real-world Java projects and found that linked crossover consistently performed as well as or better than three state-of-the-art parametric fuzzers and two other forms of crossover on both long and short fuzzing campaigns.
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE)

Received May 16, 2021 Revised Feb 25, 2022 Accepted Mar 27, 2022 Online teaching has been pushed further as the best solution that addresses the challenges of colleges and universities closure during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study intended to disclose students’ perceptions of the online teaching. A quantitative survey approach was employed to collect data from a total of 175 students which were conveniently established from amongst students enrolled in academic year 2020/2021 at the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Department of Musamus University, Indonesia. Applying the SPSS software version 16 as the tool, obtained data were quantitatively analyzed using descriptive analysis of frequencies and percentages. The results showed the majority of respondent were disagreeing with the facts that they have an access to personal devices and that they can easily access to both internet and online classes. The majority of respondent were agreeing with the facts that teaching materials were well-planned and that various learning strategies were used to help students understand. The majority of respondent were agreeing with the facts that students were given opportunity to raise and answer the questions and that feedback given on students’ work are very helpful. Lecturers need to reach out and check students’ conditions before starting online teaching.
Automatically Reproducing Timing-Dependent Flaky-Test Failures

—When developers run tests after making code changes, they may encounter test failures from ﬂaky tests, which are tests that can non-deterministically pass or fail on the same version of code. Prior work has found “timing dependence” to be a top cause of this non-determinism, i.e., tests may pass or fail depending on the timing of asynchronous callbacks or different thread interleavings that can occur when thread executions run faster or slower relative to others. Similar to how one debugs and ﬁxes normal test failures, developers need to be able to reliably reproduce ﬂaky-test failures. However, many of these failures can be extremely unlikely to occur (e.g., failing only once out of 10,000 runs in prior work), making it costly for developers to reproduce the failures. We present FlakeRake, an automated approach for reproducing timing-dependent (TD) ﬂaky-test failures by inserting well-placed sleep calls, which temporarily pauses one thread or task and allows another to overtake it. When applied to an existing dataset of known ﬂaky-test failures, FlakeRake is able to reproduce the exact same failure at least once for 136 failures, whereas simply rerunning each test 10,000 times reproduces only 115 failures or rerunning the entire test suites 10,000 times reproduces only 127 failures. For each failure that can be reproduced, we ﬁnd that FlakeRake can reliably reproduce ( > 50% of the time) 107 failures, while rerunning just the ﬂaky test or the entire test suite could not reliably reproduce any failure. We also ﬁnd that if a developer needs to reproduce a failure six or more times, using FlakeRake (including the one-time cost to search for sleep calls) takes less time to reproduce that many failures than continually rerunning just the ﬂaky test. Lastly, we inspect the sleep locations that FlakeRake outputs and provide insights for how one should cope with TD ﬂaky tests.
Eﬀicacy of Autologous Microfat Graft on Facial Handicap in Systemic Sclerosis Patients

Background: Autologous adipose tissue injection is used in plastic surgery for correction of localized tissue atrophy and has also been successfully offered for treatment of localized scleroderma. We aimed to evaluate whether patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and facial handicap could also benefit from this therapy. Methods: We included 14 patients (mean age of 53.8 ± 9.6 years) suffering from SSc with facial handicap defined by Mouth Handicap in Systemic Sclerosis Scale (MHISS) score more than or equal to 20, a Rodnan skin score on the face more than or equal to 1, and maximal mouth opening of less than 55 mm. Au-tologous adipose tissue injection was performed under local anesthesia using the technique of subcutaneous microinjection. The main objective of this study was an improvement of the MHISS score 6 months after the surgical treatment. Results: The procedure was well tolerated. We observed a mean decrease in the MHISS score of 10.7 points (±5.1; P < 0.0001) at 6 months (35% improvement). Secondary efficacy parameters assessing perioral skin sclerosis, maximum mouth opening, sicca syndrome, and facial pain significantly improved at 3 and 6 months postsurgery. At a 6-month follow-up, 75% of patients were satisfied or very satisfied of the adipose tissue microinjection therapy. Conclusions: Our study suggests that subcutaneous perioral microfat injection in patients with SSc is beneficial in the treatment of facial handicap, skin sclerosis, mouth opening limitation, sicca syndrome, and facial pain. Thus, this minimally invasive approach offers a new hope for face therapy for patients with SSc. (Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2016;4:e660
Thirty-Three Years of Mathematicians and Software Engineers: A Case Study of Domain Expertise and Participation in Proof Assistant Ecosystems

As technical computing software, such as MATLAB and SciPy, has gained popularity, ecosystems of interdependent software solutions and communities have formed around these technologies. The development and maintenance of these technical computing ecosystems requires expertise in both software engineering and the underlying technical domain. The inherently interdisciplinary nature of these ecosystems presents unique challenges and opportunities that shape software development practices. Proof assistants, a type of technical computing software, aid users in the creation of formal proofs. In order to examine the influence of the underlying technical domain — mathematics — on the development of proof assistant ecosystems, we mined participant activity data from the code repositories and social channels of three popular proof assistants: Lean, Coq, Isabelle. Despite having a shared technical domain, we found little cross-pollination between contributors to the proof assistants. Additionally, we found that most long-term developers focused solely on technical work and did not participate in official social channels. We also found that proof assistant developers specialized into technical subfields. However, the proportion of specialists varied between ecosystems. We did not find evidence that these specialties contributed to fractures within the ecosystems. We discuss the implications of these results on the long-term health and sustainability of proof assistant ecosystems.
The pedagogy of juvenile justice: a child-friendly justice La pedagogía de la justicia de menores: sobre una justicia adaptada a los menores

: This article considers the educational opportunities offered by juvenile justice interventions when a young person has committed a criminal offence. Given that the response occurs in an environment that is not child-friendly, this text identifies the elements that legitimise this justice system and make children perceive it as a fair and appropriate response to their criminal behaviour. The need for punishment which is educational and responsibility-oriented is noted, as is the need for appropriately trained professionals to promote young people’s participation in the procedure and improve their legal competence, based on the fact that passing through the criminal procedure can be an experience of legal socialisation for young people and in order for the pedagogical action of justice to be effective. Only in this way will juvenile offenders have a positive perception of the judicial experience, which offers an opportunity to improve their attitudes towards the law and the system. In short, this article comprises a reflection on the importance of the pedagogical action that juvenile justice deploys throughout the whole procedure and how its success can legitimise the intervention by a specialized criminal system and encourage young people to understand and accept its educational sense.
Intensive care.

There can be few, specialties over the last few years that have progressed as rapidly as intensive care. Considerable advances have been made in technology for both monitoring and patient support, in pharmacological treatments, and in the understanding of the pathophysiology of multiple organ failure with the development of specifically targeted therapies. The changes being wrought on the National Health Service are also having an implicit effect as the intensive care unit (ICU) is the most labour-intensive and, arguably, the most expensive hospital department. There is now a far greater awareness of cost and audit has become an integral part of a unit's work. This review, though not all-encompassing, will describe recent thoughts and innovations and allude to some potentially exciting ideas currently at various stages of development.
CasperSent: A Program for Computer-Assisted Speech Perception Testing and Training at the Sentence Level

The CasperSent program was designed mainly for auditory, visual, and auditory-visual speech-perception training at the sentence level. Design is informed by a model of speech perception with 4 main components. Two are derived from the speech stimulus, namely sensory evidence and contextual evidence. The other 2 are provided by the perceiver, namely knowledge and skill. The principal target of training with CasperSent is perceptual skill. This involves such things as attention control, use and balance of sensory and contextual evidence, balance of speed and accuracy, confidence, risk-tolerance, and error-handling. The software may also be used for performance assessment while measuring the effects of talker, perceptual modality, angle of view (if lipreading), topic knowledge, sentence length, sentence type, and, if used in combination with a clinical au-diometer, signal-to-noise ratio. The software operates on a personal computer with a minimum of peripheral equipment. Testing and training can be self-administered, helper-assisted, or clinician-controlled. Stimuli consist of 720 sentences. Performance measures are based on sets of 12 sentences, and are automatically logged for later recall, graphing, and analysis. It has been shown that performance improves over time, that rate of improvement depends on the type of feedback, and that prior knowledge of sentence topic increases performance. In addition to its intended application in aural rehabilitation, CasperSent also has potential value in research and teaching.
Locally Stationary Wavelet Packet Processes: Basis Selection and Model Fitting

For non‐stationary time series, the fixed Fourier basis is no longer canonical. Rather than limit our basis choice to wavelet or Fourier functions, we propose the use of a library of non‐decimated wavelet packets from which we select a suitable basis (frame). Non‐decimated packets are preferred to decimated basis libraries so as to prevent information ‘loss’ at scales coarser than the finest. This article introduces a new class of locally stationary wavelet packet processes and a method to fit these to time series. We also provide new material on the boundedness of the inverse of the inner product operator of autocorrelation wavelet packet functions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our modelling and basis selection on simulated series and Standard and Poor's 500 index series.
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

An object’s axis of elongation serves as an important frame of reference for forming three-dimensional representations of object shape. By several recent accounts, the formation of these representations is also related to experiences of acting on objects. Four experiments examined 18-to 24-month-olds’ ( N = 103) sensitivity to the elongated axis in action tasks that required extracting, comparing, and physically rotating an object so that its major axis was aligned with that of a visual standard. In Experiments 1 and 2, the older toddlers precisely rotated both simple and complexly shaped three-dimensional objects in insertion tasks where the visual standard was the rectangular contour deﬁning the opening in a box. The younger toddlers performed poorly. Experiments 3 and 4 provide evidence on emerging abilities in extracting and using the most extended axis as a frame of reference for shape comparison. Experiment 3 showed that 18-month-olds could rotate an object to align its major axis with the direction of their own hand motion, and Experiment 4 showed that they could align the major axis of one object with that of another object of the exact same three-dimensional shape. The results are discussed in terms of theories of the development of three-dimensional shape representations, visual object recognition, and the role of action in these developments.
The contingent macro The ephemerality of memes as discursive devices

This paper investigates how internet memes are complex and stratified objects, going beyond the standardized definition of ‘image macro’ habitually employed by scholars. To this end, we take the 2019 Italian government crisis as a case study and analyze a dataset of related 1.269 memes using a combination of computational and qualitative methodologies. Our analysis shows the emergence, proliferation, and fading of popular templates, which remix images and text from the political crisis and occasionally serve as frames for other events: the Contingent Macro. Together with less standardized memetic instances, we found that Contingent Macros concur to create metaphoric narratives, which develop as the event unfolds. Besides formalizing the concept of Contingent Macro, this work provides scholars with a methodological toolkit for the analysis of event-related meme production, which can capture the fluidity of memes. Overall, the article concurs to underline the need for a clear, context-specific definition of memes, tailored to specific social, cultural, and research contexts.
Stroke risk in patients with asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis: should it be treated medically or surgically?

Cerebrovascular disorders remain the leading cause of neurological morbidity and mortality in the world, representing one of the pathological entities responsible for the greatest burden of disease worldwide. Carotid atherosclerosis or stenosis is a potential risk factor for ischemic stroke. The identification and strict follow-up of this condition are essential in the secondary prevention of complications through primary care and the specialized treatment of cardiometabolic risk. However, depending on this risk and/or presence of symptoms, definitive treatment is necessary. Currently, there is controversy as to whether asymptomatic carotid stenosis is better to be treated medically or surgically. Considering the significance of such entity, this review aims to analyze recent evidence on the risk of ischemic stroke in the case of asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis among adults, as well as the potential benefit of the surgical vs. pharmacological treatment for this condition. For this purpose, a literature search for publications up to 2023 was carried out in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and MEDLINE databases. It was shown that there is a significant risk of stroke associated with asymptomatic carotid stenosis (> 10 % approximately), even in patients with active antiplatelet and lipid-lowering therapy. Out of all those who receive medical treatment, around 80 % had a five-year survival rate. However, stenosis progression occurs on average in more than 60 % of the cases and is significant. On the other hand, carotid stenting and endarterectomy are curative interventions. Nevertheless, these procedures involve a higher risk compared to the medical therapy during the peri-and postoperative period, as well as 30 days afterwards, due to the occurrence or recurrence of stroke, acute myocardial infarction or death from any cause. Despite this, the use of endarterectomy has shown superior long-term benefits concerning these same outcomes. Thus, evidence regarding the superiority of surgical treatment compared to pharmacological treatment for asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis or stenosis is heterogeneous. However, it seems that surgical treatment, specifically endarterectomy, could have a significant impact on the occurrence or recurrence of ipsilateral stroke and death in the long term but with controversial peri-and postoperative outcomes.
Design Automation for Quantum Computing Intermediate Stage Report of the ERC Consolidator Grant “DAQC”

—We are at the dawn of a new “computing age” in which quantum computers hopefully will find their way into practical applications. However, while impressive accomplishments can be observed in the physical realization of quantum computers, the development of automated tools and methods that provide assistance in the design and realization of applications for those devices is at risk of not being able to keep up with this development anymore—leaving a situation where we might have powerful quantum computers but hardly any proper means to actually use them. The ERC Consolidator project “Design Automation for Quantum Computing” aims to provide a solution for this upcoming design gap by developing efficient and practically relevant de-sign methods for this emerging technology. While the current state of the art suffers from the interdisciplinarity of quantum computing (leading to the consideration of inappropriate models, inconsistent interpretations, and “wrong” problem formulations), this project builds a bridge between the design automation community and the quantum computing community. This will allow to fully exploit the potential of design automation which is hardly utilized in quantum computing yet. This intermediate stage report provides an overview of the motivation and approach of the project as well as showcases selected results and outreach activities conducted in the first two years of the project.
Composable Interaction Primitives: A Structured Policy Class for Efficiently Learning Sustained-Contact Manipulation Skills

—We propose a new policy class, Composable Interaction Primitives (CIPs), specialized for learning sustained-contact manipulation skills like opening a drawer, pulling a lever, turning a wheel, or shifting gears. CIPs have two primary design goals: to minimize what must be learned by exploiting structure present in the world and the robot, and to support sequential composition by construction, so that learned skills can be used by a task-level planner. Using an ablation experiment in four simulated manipulation tasks, we show that the structure included in CIPs substantially improves the efficiency of motor skill learning. We then show that CIPs can be used for plan execution in a zero-shot fashion by sequencing learned skills. We validate our approach on real robot hardware by learning and sequencing two manipulation skills.
No Source Code? No Problem! Demystifying and Detecting Mask Apps in iOS

The rise of malicious mobile applications poses a significant threat to users and app stores. While iOS apps have generally been considered more secure due to strict review processes and limited distribution avenues, developers have found ways to evade scrutiny by disguising malicious apps as benign “Mask Apps”. Mask Apps activate hidden functionalities after the user downloads or with a trigger event. The malicious and potentially illegal hidden function poses significant risks, including privacy breaches, security vulnerabilities, and harm to legitimate businesses. However, existing defenses are ineffective against Mask Apps developed in web or hybrid models. In this paper, we propose Mask-Catcher, an automated approach that uses four filtering mechanisms to detect Mask Apps. Mask-Catcher leverages inconsistencies between app descriptions and user reviews, inter-app recommendation relationships, and code similarities to discover and identify Mask Apps. Experimental results show that Mask-Catcher achieves high recall and precision when applied to real-world datasets from the Apple App Store.
EMPHATIC INTERPRETATIONS OF OBJECT MARKING IN BANTU LANGUAGES *

This paper investigates emphatic interpretations of object marking in various Bantu languages. We focus on Lubukusu (spoken in Kenya) and Cinyungwe (spoken in Mozambique) in particular, but we also report initial evidence from other Bantu languages (mainly Tiriki, Wanga, and Ikalanga). In these languages, OM-doubling—the co-occurrence of an object marker with a lexical DP object—is infelicitous in neutral pragmatic contexts. However, we show that certain contexts make OM-doubling possible. In these contexts, OM-doubling constructions receive particular emphatic interpretations that are very different from interpretations of non-doubling object marking constructions. We identify at least four types of these interpretations: verum, mirativity, exhaustivity, and intensity. We show that emphatic interpretations of OM-doubling are widespread among Bantu languages, and we provide strategies for identifying and analyzing them. While this paper is primarily descriptive, we discuss a possible analysis of these interpretations as conventional implicatures, influenced by recent work on a similar range of emphatic interpretations arising from focus fronting in Indo-European languages.
Cellular mechanisms of hantavirus-induced apoptosis

8 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 10 1. Overview of HFRS and HPS 10 1.1. A tale of man, rodent and hantavirus 10 1.2. Clinical features of HFRS and HPS 11 2. Molecular biology of hantaviruses 15 2.1. Structure of virions 15 2.2. Genome structure and organization 16 2.3. Replication and coding strategies 17 3. Cell biology of hantavirus infection 18 3.1. Attachment and entry: receptors and routes 18 3.2. Viral gene expression: S, M, L 19 3.3. Maturation: Golgi or plasma membrane 20 3.4. Cellular associations of hantavirus structural proteins 21 4. Pathogenesis of HFRS and HPS 26 4.
Topological full groups of ´etale groupoids

This is a survey of the recent development of the study of topological full groups of ´etale groupoids on the Cantor set. ´Etale groupoids arise from dynamical systems, e.g. actions of countable discrete groups, equivalence relations. Minimal Z -actions, minimal Z N -actions and one-sided shifts of ﬁnite type are basic examples. We are interested in algebraic, geometric and analytic properties of topological full groups. More concretely, we discuss simplicity of commutator subgroups, abelianization, ﬁnite generation, cohomological ﬁniteness properties, amenability, the Haagerup property, and so on. Homology groups of ´etale groupoids, groupoid C ∗ -algebras and their K - groups are also investigated.