Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal Aircraft Trajectories for Wind Energy Extraction

I T IS well known that birds and air vehicles are capable of extracting energy from atmospheric winds. Land birds such as condors and vultures remain aloft for hours at a timewithout flapping their wings. In straight and level flight, atmospheric wind updrafts rotate the relative aerodynamic velocity vector downward, causing the drag to point aft and slightly upward and the lift to point up and slightly forward. When the atmospheric wind updraft is sufficiently large, straight and level flight and even climbing flight are possible without power. Conventional sailplane soaring is based on this type of atmosphericwind energy extraction.Autonomous soaring has also been well researched, including flight-test experiments [1–5]. It is known for a long time that sea birds such as albatrosses and petrels are capable of extended flight over the sea without flapping their wings [6–10]. However, the physical mechanism in this case is fundamentally different from land birds. Seabirds extract energy from an atmospheric wind gradient near the surface of the ocean by alternating climbing and diving upwind and downwind of air masses moving at differing velocities. This type of atmospheric wind energy extraction is known as dynamic soaring and has been studied by a number of researchers, particularly for remote-control gliders flying near ridges [11–17]. In many practical scenarios, atmospheric wind energy in local regions is complex and does not fit neatly into a strict category of being an ideal thermal orwind shear. This paper investigates optimal energyextracting trajectories in atmospheric wind shear for several scenarios, including altitude limited shear, direction changing shear, and negative shear. In the context of this paper, negative shear means that the wind speed drops as the altitude increases. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no bird is known to extract energy from negative wind shear in a sustainable manner, arguably because negative wind shear rarely appears in a sustainable form close to the ground surface, thus making it difficult for birds to master and use such skill. However, stablewind fields with negativewind shear do exist at higher altitudes. With a growing research on autonomous flight applications at high altitude, possibly all the way to the stratosphere, it is of interest to investigate the possibility of energy extraction from negative wind shear. Results show that it is possible to extract energy from negative shear. It is also revealed that U-shape energy-neutral trajectories are possible for some boundary conditions. These types of trajectories are new and have not been reported in the dynamic soaring literature. This note begins with an overview of the aircraft mathematical model used to study dynamic soaring as an optimal control problem. This is followed by a description of the numerical optimal trajectory algorithm. Results are presented for a representative glider in practical wind shear conditions.
Detection of a high brightness temperature radio core in the AGN-driven molecular outflow candidate NGC 1266

Abstract We present new Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) Hi absorption and Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) continuum observations of the active galactic nucleus (AGN)-driven molecular outflow candidate NGC 1266. Although other well-known systems with molecular outflows may be driven by star formation in a central molecular disk, the molecular mass outflow rate reported in Alatalo et al. (2011) in NGC 1266 of 13 M⊙ year−1 exceeds star formation rate estimates from a variety of tracers. This suggests that an additional energy source, such as an AGN, may play a significant role in powering the outflow. Our high spatial resolution Hi absorption data reveal compact absorption against the radio continuum core co-located with the putative AGN, and the presence of a blueshifted spectral component re-affirms that gas is indeed flowing out of the system. Our VLBA observations at 1.65 GHz reveal one continuum source within the densest portion of the molecular gas, with a diameter d < 8 mas (1.2 pc), a radio power Prad = 1.48 × 1020 W Hz−1, and a brightness temperature Tb > 1.5 × 107 K that is most consistent with an AGN origin. The radio continuum energetics implied by the compact VLBA source, as well as archival VLA continuum observations at lower spatial resolution, further support the possibility that the AGN in NGC 1266 could be driving the molecular outflow. These findings suggest that even low-level AGNs, with supermassive black hole masses similar to Sgr A*, may be able to launch massive outflows in their host galaxies.
Snapping shrimp noise mitigation based on statistical detection in underwater acoustic orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems

We propose a mitigation scheme for snapping shrimp noise when it corrupts an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal in underwater acoustic communication systems. The OFDM signal distorted by the snapping shrimp noise is filtered by a band-stop filter. The snapping shrimp noises in the filtered signal are detected by a detector with a constant false alarm rate whose threshold is derived theoretically from the statistics of the background noise. The detected signals are reconstructed by a simple reconstruction method. The proposed scheme has a higher detection capability and a lower mean square error of the channel estimation for simulated data and a lower bit error rate for practical ocean OFDM data collected in northern East China Sea than the conventional noise-mitigating methods.
Myanmar’s budgetary punctuations before and after the 2011 budget reforms: Budget incrementalism and punctuated equilibrium theory

Myanmar has implemented budget reforms to decentralize its budgeting processes, and this study intends to investigate how those reforms have affected its allocation patterns based on budget incrementalism and punctuated equilibrium theory. We empirically analyzed the government’s spending in seven sectors over 19 years. We found that political and institutional changes have different effects on different sectors. The sectors that the government paid attention to and set as highly prioritized policies showed more punctuation. After the reform, the government paid more attention to capital budgets to achieve its political goals, leading to more punctuation in the capital budget. We also examined the directions and frequencies of budget punctuation before and after the reform by extending the punctuated equilibrium theory literature based on both corrective and trend models. Different budget punctuation patterns were observed with different frequencies across sectors due to the unique characteristics of each sector and changing policy priorities over time.
On distinguishing snowfall from rainfall using near‐surface atmospheric information: Comparative analysis, uncertainties and hydrologic importance

The accurate estimation of precipitation phase has broad applications. In this study, we compared the skill of using various atmospheric variables and their combinations as predictors in accurately identifying surface precipitation phase, determined uncertainties associated with commonly used fixed temperature thresholds, and explored the sensitivity of hydrologic model output to uncertainty in precipitation phase using two case‐studies. The results suggest that among all single predictors, wet‐bulb temperature yields the highest skill score for determining precipitation phase and can reduce uncertainties due to regional differences, especially compared to the commonly used near‐surface air temperature. However, addition of good‐quality near‐surface wind speed measurement to dew‐point temperature and pressure showed slightly higher skill than wet‐bulb temperature. We showed that the scale mismatch between temperature from stations and gridded products can cause large uncertainties in determining precipitation phase, especially in regions with rugged topography. Such uncertainties need to be considered when the relationships developed based on station data are applied to remote‐sensing observations and model‐generated data to separate rain from snowfall. The sensitivity of hydrologic model outputs to uncertainty in precipitation phase delineation was also assessed over two major basins in California by modifying default near‐surface temperatures used in the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model. It was found that regional and scaling uncertainties in determining temperature thresholds can largely influence the accuracy of simulated downstream runoff and snow water equivalent (SWE) (e.g. up to 40% change in SWE for 2 °C shift in temperature threshold). Therefore, to reduce simulation uncertainties, it is important to improve rain–snow partitioning methods, consider regional variabilities in determining temperature thresholds, and perform the analysis at the highest possible resolutions to mitigate scale‐related uncertainties.
A high-gain antipodal Vivaldi antenna with multi-layer planar dielectric lens

Abstract A high-gain antipodal Vivaldi antenna with multi-layer planar dielectric lens (AVA-MPDL) is proposed. Compared to the conventional AVA design, the gain of the antenna has been greatly improved by applying the MPDL in front of the antenna’s aperture at the upper working frequencies. Additionally, beam-tilting in E-plane at higher frequencies has also been overcome. The modified antenna has been fabricated and measured, the measurement results show that the frequency band for S11 < −10 dB is from 1.3 to more than 30 GHz, and it is in good agreement with the simulated ones. Gain of the antenna has been improved by the MPDL lens in a wide frequency band (4–27 GHz) and the gain up to 16 dB at higher frequencies.
The teams’ formation in sport aerobics on the basis of application of multidimensional analysis methods

Цель работы - разработать принципы комплектации команд в спортивной аэробике с применением методов факторного и кластерного анализа. Материал: В исследовании приняли участие девушки (n=24) из сборной команды по спортивной аэробике (г. Харьков, Украина). Атлеты прошли комплексное обследование по определению функционального состояния организма (артериальное давление, показатели вариационной пульсометрии, тестирование на тредбане), психофизиологическое состояние (определение времени простой и сложной реакции). Определяли физическое развитие и физическую подготовленность; вестибюлярную устойчивость. Результаты. Были построены математические и визуальные модели атлеток каждой группы. Кластерный анализ позволил выделить 8 групп девушек. Атлетки каждой группы могут объединяться между собой в команды для различных соревновательных категорий. Каждой группе атлеток следует подбирать соответствующие программы согласно особенностям их индивидуальной факторной структуры подготовленности. Разработаны общие рекомендации по подбору сюжетных линий программ для атлеток каждой группы. Выводы. Показаны возможности комплектования групп атлеток (пары, тройки, пятерки) для комбинированных выступлений. Показано, что для комбинированных выступлений можно подбирать атлеток по сходным качествами (это представители одного кластера) и по разным качествами (представители различных кластеров).
A General Additive Search Abstraction

The e(cid:11)ectiveness of heuristics search is in(cid:13)unced by the accuracy of the heuristic values. State space abstractions have been proved to be e(cid:11)ective for generating admissible heuristics. In this paper, A general de(cid:12)nition for abstractions is given. As a demonstration we apply additive abstractions to the domain of the 17 pancake puzzle. Experimental results show that using heurisitcs de(cid:12)ned by additive abstractions combined with state-of-the-art techniques, the number of nodes generated for the 17 pancake puzzle is reduced by over 2000-fold, compared to the best result to date. Comparative results are also given to show a new approach to enhance additive heuristic values by checking for infeasibility
An Integrated Framework Approach to Understanding Vietnamese People’s Intention to Adopt Smart Home Solutions

In recent years, although smart homes and smart home solutions have been widely accepted in developed regions (such as Europe, the United States, and Japan), their application in emerging countries (such as Vietnam) remains limited. This study is aimed at assessing the factors influencing Vietnamese people’s intention to adopt smart home solutions based on the integration of the technology acceptance model and innovation diffusion theory. The study collected quantitative data from a survey of 310 participants in Vietnam and analyzed them using structural equation modelling with AMOS software. This study’s findings show that compatibility and perceived usefulness play important roles in promoting users’ intention to adopt smart home solutions. This study has practical implications for businesses in Vietnam and provides useful recommendations for future research.
Semiconductor Nanowire Josephson Junctions: In the search for the Majorana

Due to the collective behavior of electrons, exotic states can appear in condensed matter systems. In this PhD thesis, we investigate semiconducting nanowire Josephson junctions that potentially have Majorana zero modes (MZM) as exotic states. MZM are expected to form a robust quantum bit and quantum operations are done by interchange, otherwise known as braiding. The presence of MZM in a Josephson junction creates a topological junction, with properties which are drastically different from a normal Josephson junction. Understanding such topological junctions is of key importance in developing circuits for MZM braiding.
Bridging the Performance Gap Between Two-Way and One-Way CSI-Based 5 GHz WiFi Ranging

Indoor Localization is gaining increased importance due to numerous location-based services in healthcare, logistics, and security, to name few, that are expected to be provided by next-generation wireless networks. Such services are characterized by stringent accuracy requirements, short response time, and lower cost which makes the localization problem more challenging and deserving of attention. A key element of the localization process is distance estimation (also known as ranging). In this paper, we design and analyze an efficient decimeter-level two-way ranging scheme for ubiquitous WiFi networks in the 5 GHz frequency band whose accuracy approaches ideal one-way ranging with no phase mismatches. We investigate the idea of channel frequency response (CFR) stitching across non-contiguous WiFi channels and how two-way CFR measurements help in achieving the CFR coherency necessary for accurate ranging. In addition, we quantify the decrease in ranging accuracy of two-way compared to one-way ranging due to SNR degradation, Line-of-Sight (LoS) component shrinkage, and doubling the multipath delay spread. Furthermore, We design a novel scheme to bridge the performance gap between two-way ranging and ideal one-way ranging which operates in three main steps: square-root of the two-way CFR, followed by phase unwrapping, and finally deep fade detection and phase errors correction. Our proposed scheme achieves significant performance gains over two-way ranging with only a slight performance gap from ideal one-way ranging. Moreover, our proposed scheme enjoys robustness as it preserves the ranging accuracy gains in various WiFi communication scenarios when operating at different SNR levels, different multipath channel models, and different CFR bandwidths, as well as operating under system impairments such as Sample Timing Offset (STO). The accuracy gains achieved by the proposed schemes are demonstrated using both simulations and an in-house WiFi testbed. Finally, we quantify the added complexity of our proposed scheme and show it to be insignificant compared to that of the MUSIC super-resolution ranging steps which confirms the practical viability of our proposed scheme.
A NEW ITERATIVE METHOD FOR SOLVING PSEUDOMONOTONE VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES

Trong bài báo này, chúng tôi giới thiệu một thuật toán cải tiến để giải các bài toán bất đẳng thức biến phân giả đơn điệu. Bài toán có nhiều ứng dụng quan trọng trong các lĩnh vực khác nhau như bài toán tối ưu, bài toán cân bằng Nash, lý thuyết trò chơi, bài toán cân bằng giao thông, bài toán điểm bất động. Thuật toán đề xuất đưa ra dựa trên phương pháp tự thích nghi và phương pháp đạo hàm tăng cường Popov đã được áp dụng để giải các bài toán bất đẳng thức biến phân với ánh xạ giá liên tục Lipschitz. Ưu điểm của thuật toán là chỉ cần tính toán một giá trị của ánh xạ bất đẳng thức và thuật toán không yêu cầu biết trước hệ số Lipschitz của ánh xạ bất đẳng thức biến phân. Ngoài ra, thuật toán của chúng tôi không yêu cầu bước nhảy tiến đến 0. Tính chất này giúp tăng tốc độ của thuật toán. Sự hội tụ của thuật toán đã được chứng minh dựa trên các điều kiện xác định của các tham số. Một ví dụ số được đưa ra để minh họa cho sự hội tụ của thuật toán mới.
Type 1a Supernova Models and Galactic Chemical Evolution

Multiple models of type Ia supernovae are discussed, as well as the properties of white dwarf formation, electron degeneracy pressure, nucleosynthesis, and galactic chemical evolution (GCE). A GCE computer model is used to produce nuclear abundance data corresponding to Chandra (W7) and sub-Chandra (WDD2) type Ia supernovae models for Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, and Mn nuclei. Overall, a trend was found indicating that the WDD2 model had greater [x/Fe] abundance values than the W7 model at the end time of the model. Additionally, each model fit within total observed data, but observed data filtered to highlight white dwarf stars tended to have greater [x/Fe] values than those produced for each model. Overall, data was not sufficient to provide insight into whether one model fits better with observed data.
Adaptive anisotropic integration scheme for high‐order fictitious domain methods: Application to thin structures

A novel integration scheme is proposed for fictitious domain finite element methods. It relies on the use of a surface tracking strategy based on anisotropic mesh adaptation. Thanks to an error estimator, the method builds iteratively an adapted anisotropic mesh that is refined near the geometrical interface and elongated in the direction of a small curvature. This strategy allows to decrease the integration cost, which can be problematic for high‐order fictitious domain methods. In addition, it opens the possibility for the creation of unfitted solid shell strategies that can be used for the treatment of thin structures. Numerical studies show that the method leads to promising results for both integration cost and behavior with respect to locking.
Performance Analysis of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Wind Turbine for Variable Wind Velocity

: The interest in wind energy system is growing worldwide to reduce dependency on fossil fuel and to minimize the adverse impact of climate change. Currently, doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based variable speed wind turbine technology with gearbox is dominating the world market share. However, the problems associated with induction generator based wind turbines are reactive power consumption, mechanical stress and poor power quality. Moreover, the gearbox requires regular maintenance as it suffers from faults and malfunctions. Therefore, it is important to adopt technologies that can enhance efficiency, reliability and reduce system cost of wind based power generation system. The performance of a variable speed wind turbine can be enhanced significantly by using a low speed permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) without a gearbox. The main features of PMSG based wind turbines are; gearless operation, higher efficiency, enhanced reliability, smaller size, reduced cost and low losses.
Modelling and simulation of a prismatic: prismatic robotic arm manipulator

Robotic manipulators involve the motion in 3D space. The motion of the manipulator is usually done through rotational movements using rotational joints, and/or through translational movements using prismatic joints. In this work, a prismatic-prismatic robotic arm is modeled in a matrix form and then it is simulated through MATLAB©. The simulation solves the dynamic of the system numerically. The motion of the manipulator’s end-effector of the double prismatic joints is observed.
Enhanced directional second harmonic radiation via nonlinear interference in 1D metamaterials

By using a one-dimensional nonlinear metamaterial in the experiment, we achieve a directional second harmonic radiation via nonlinear interference at approximately 2.5 GHz. Each meta-atom has the structure of coupled split-ring resonators and two varactors arranged parallel (symmetric) or antiparallel (antisymmetric) to each other. With an incident power of approximately −2.7 dBm, the power of the emitted directional wave from the sample is at the scale of nanowatt. This relatively high magnitude of directional nonlinear power is the result of the 1D metamaterial abilities in exhibiting nonlinear magnetoelectric coupling, as well as supporting an electric dipole or magnetic dipole resonance within a narrow second harmonic frequency range.
Reversibility and Stochastic Networks

This classic in stochastic network modelling broke new ground when it was published in 1979, and it remains a superb introduction to reversibility and its applications. The book concerns behaviour in equilibrium of vector stochastic processes or stochastic networks. When a stochastic network is reversible its analysis is greatly simplified, and the first chapter is devoted to a discussion of the concept of reversibility. The rest of the book focuses on the various applications of reversibility and the extent to which the assumption of reversibility can be relaxed without destroying the associated tractability. Now back in print for a new generation, this book makes enjoyable reading for anyone interested in stochastic processes thanks to the author's clear and easy-to-read style. Elementary probability is the only prerequisite and exercises are interspersed throughout.
TARİHSEL SÜREÇTE BEDEN KÜLTÜRÜNÜN OYUNCULUK SANATI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

Bu makale; Antik Yunandan günümüze, beden kültürünün ve bedene yönelik yaklaşımların oyunculuk sanatı üzerindeki etkisini araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Birinci bölümde; Antik Yunan ve Roma uygarlıklarındaki ideal beden ile tragedya-komedya oyun türlerinin gerektirdiği oyunculuk biçimlerine; ikinci bölümde, Ortaçağ Hıristiyan düşüncesinin otoritesi altında şekillenen ve devamında Rönesans ile farklılaşma gösteren beden algısıyla kilise oyunlarına; üçüncü bölümde, Aydınlanma’nın bir sonucu olarak sağlıklı yaşama bilinci ve spor kültürü çerçevesinde gelişim gösteren beden ile bu dönemdeki oyunculuk yaklaşımlarına; dördüncü bölümde, 20. Yüzyıl tüketim toplumunun yarattığı beden kültürü ve oyunculuk arayışlarına değinilmiştir. Sonuç bölümündeyse toplanan bulgular analiz edilmiş, beden kültürü ve oyunculuk sanatının hangi noktalarda paralellik gösterdiği, beden-oyunculuk ilişkisi bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir.