Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Families of Man: Gay Male Intimacy and Kinship in a Global Metropolis

“It was a nice distraction from having just been dumped by my boyfriend. Men are pigs, even the nice ones! ” “Lance can’t get turned on by someone he respects and loves; he can only have sex with someone he’s not emotionally committed to, or if he’s drunk. I couldn’t tolerate it, so I had to move out. ” “When I got home from work the other night, Jake had been surfing the net for so long that he was like totally in heat. And we had sex. We didn’t make love; we fucked! and it’s like I woke up the next morning, and it’s like, I just feel so fuckin’ shitty. Why did I do that? I said it was great, I got off, but I feel rotten. I have felt rotten the last two days. ” “I would date men, and it would start out wonderful, but it was all about sex. And to me that’s something really sacred and really special. If you didn’t sleep with them by the third date, you never heard from them again. I just couldn’t do that. ” “Let’s face it, when you reach a certain age, men are either already
Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factors in Asia: A Selected Review

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in Asia is an important issue for world health, because half of the world’s population lives in Asia. Asian countries and regions such as Japan, the Republic of Korea, the People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the Kingdom of Thailand have greater mortality and morbidity from stroke than from coronary heart disease (CHD), whereas the opposite is true in Western countries.1 The reasons why this specific situation is observed in countries with rapid and early-phase westernization, such as Japan and South Korea, are very interesting. The Seven Countries Study conducted by Keys et al2 in 1957 found that Japanese populations had lower fat intake, lower serum total cholesterol, and lower CHD than populations in the United States and Scandinavia, in spite of higher smoking rates. The serum total cholesterol level in Japan has increased rapidly since World War II in accordance with an increase in dietary fat intake from 10% of total energy intake per capita per day to 25%. 1,2 Despite this increase, the specific characteristic of lower CHD incidence and mortality than that in Western countries has persisted.3,4 Whether Japanese people and certain other Asian populations have different risk factors for CHD than Western populations has been a subject of discussion for quite some time. In this article, we discuss the existence of higher stroke rates and lower CHD rates in Asian countries than in Western countries and the respective risk factors for this on the basis of extensive reviews of cohort studies. We also discuss whether these risk factors differ from those of Western countries. Along with this, we examine the relationship between serum total cholesterol and total stroke and its subtypes. We also address the emerging problems and important issues for CVD prevention in Asia. An extensive …
Central Planning Legacies: The Lingering Effects of the Great Leap Forward in China

type="main"> The Great Leap Forward (GLF) (1958–61) in China was a natural experiment that removed private property rights to achieve rapid growth via central planning, producing immediate famine and death. Using three measures for the GLF, we find that it still exerts a significant negative effect on output per worker in 2004 across Chinese provinces. This result is robust to the use of political factors from the GLF period as instruments. The causal relationship persists after controlling for climate conditions and initial output per capita. Moreover, the causal relationship exists when we change the dependent variable to output per worker in 1978, which refutes the notion that market-oriented reforms alone explain the difference in income in 2004. Therefore, the GLF has had a lasting, negative effect on output.
Implementing Road User Charging: The Lessons Learnt from Hong Kong, Cambridge and Central London

Road user charging has long been advocated as a means of dealing with congestion in urban areas. Numerous schemes have been proposed but have advanced little beyond the drawing board. This paper draws on the experiences of two such road user charging schemes, namely Electronic Road Pricing in Hong Kong, China, and Congestion Metering in the city of Cambridge, UK, and it seeks to make comparisons with the way implementation of congestion charging in Central London, UK, has been undertaken. What lessons can be learnt from the three examples that would aid authorities considering such a course of action? Certain issues have contributed to the two schemes not being implemented, such as the level of congestion not being severe enough, the clarity of objectives, invasion of road user’s privacy, and timing and presentation. The paper seeks to compare and contrast the issues resulting in the schemes not being implemented with those of the successfully implemented scheme. The conclusion is that it is not possible to attribute the successful implementation of congestion charging to one issue alone. The role of a policy champion, public support given the severity of congestion, a single implementing agency, an understanding of the scheme’s objectives, and timing and clear presentation have all been important factors.
Income Distribution in East Asian Developing Countries: Recent Trends

This paper updates estimates of the trends in income distribution in the eight countries of the developing East and Southeast Asian region. In the last update by Krongkaew (1994), inequality was found to be increasing in the newly industrialising economies of Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan, while in the ASEAN - 4 (with the exception of Thailand) it was declining. Since then, the region has undergone the East Asian financial crisis of 1997-98. Recent data indicate that income distribution in Hong Kong and Taiwan continues to improve. Income inequality in South Korea declined until 1993 but began to increase slowly until the crisis sharply widened the disparity. The evidence for Singapore is mixed, with one set of estimates showing a dip in inequality while another indicates a widening of income disparity during the crisis. The crisis had the immediate impact of improving income distribution in all the ASEAN-4 countries, mainly because of reductions in the income shares of the top income groups. Later data show that inequality has since risen in all of them, except for Malaysia (for which no recent data are available). Copyright © 2005 Asia Pacific School of Economics and Government, The Australian National University and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.
Assessment of the diversity and species specificity of the mutualistic association between Epicephala moths and Glochidion trees

The obligate mutualisms between flowering plants and their seed‐parasitic pollinators constitute fascinating examples of interspecific mutualisms, which are often characterized by high levels of species diversity and reciprocal species specificity. The diversification in these mutualisms has been thought to occur through simultaneous speciation of the partners, mediated by tight reciprocal adaptation; however, recent studies cast doubt over this general view. In this study, we examine the diversity and species specificity of Epicephala moths (Gracillariidae) that pollinate Glochidion trees (Phyllanthaceae), using analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of Epicephala moths associated with five Glochidion species in Japan and Taiwan reveal six genetically isolated species that are also distinguishable by male genital morphology: (i) two species specific to single host species (G. acuminatum and G. zeylanicum, respectively); (ii) two species that coexist on G. lanceolatum; and (iii) two species that share two, closely‐related parapatric hosts (G. obovatum and G. rubrum). Statistical analysis shows that the two species associated with G. lanceolatum are not sister species, indicating the colonization of novel Glochidion host in at least one lineage. Behavioural observations suggest that all six species possess the actively‐pollinating habit, thus none of the studied species has become a nonmutualistic ‘cheater’ that exploits the benefit resulting from pollination by other species. Our results parallel recent findings in ecologically similar associations, namely the fig–fig wasp and yucca–yucca moth mutualisms, and contribute to a more general understanding of the factors that determine ecological and evolutionary outcomes in these mutualisms.
Domain specific language for specifying operations of a central counterparty

Domain Specific Language (DSL) approach empowers effectve financial contract management through fixed and precisely defined set of combinators and observables. Haskell Contract Combinator Library (HCCL) follows DSL approach and it offers a flexible mechanism in composing Financial Contracts(FCs). Financial institutes such as banks, use FCs. Central Counterparty(CCP) is one such financial institute and this institute is highly regulated one. Out of all operations, “Margin Calculation”(MC) operation in CCP, consider to be most significant operation. The process of MC involves series of rules to follow. For example, a rule could specify, transfer of money if certain condition met by a given date. All these rule specify a form of probable future cash flow. In the research literature, the DSL approach has not explored in the context of CCP rules. In our research, we analyzed a contract that goes through CCP operations and we modeled series of FCs using HCCL clearly showing the steps and cash flow semantics. In our research, we defined two new data types Instrument and Trade that embodies and preserve the properties of FCs. Through our research we proved the hypothesis that, HCCL could be use in defining CCP rules and as a result we could use HCCL in the process of MC. We introduced a ”seed” contract to simulate the contract behaviour in our design methodology. We further explored the HCCL defined CCP rules in the context of financial contract management.
Pathologizing Male Sexuality: Lallemand, Spermatorrhea, and the Rise of Circumcision

Although spermatorrhea as a disease entity and an episode in nineteenth-century medical history has received significant scholarly attention over the past decade, many aspects of its nature, origins, and consequences remain obscure. The aim of this article is to indicate its origins in and links with medical anxiety about masturbation and to discuss the therapies devised to treat the condition. Particular attention is given to the work of Claude-François Lallemand and his influence on English doctors, especially William Acton, and the implications of their identification of the foreskin as the major risk factor for childhood masturbation and later spermatorrhea. It is further argued that fear of spermatorrhea was an important factor in the acceptance of circumcision as a valid medical intervention in the late nineteenth century.
GTAP 6 Data Base Documentation - Chapter 15.B: Reconciling Merchandise Trade Data

This document describes various data problems and procedures for the treatment of merchandise trade. Preparation of bilateral merchandise trade for the GTAP 7 Data Base involves different approaches for confronting multiple challenges. Although wide discrepancies in reported bilateral trade flows are not a new problem, some of the largest discrepancies in bilateral trade are the result of re-export activity. With China now playing a more prominent role in world trade there are growing complexities because of indirect trade. Indirect trade is not permitted in the GTAP Data Base and it must be dealt with. Most methods for reconciling trade flows have generally not worked well for China and its trading partners because of the intermediary role of Hong Kong in China’s external trade. Nearly every country is a trading partner of China directly or indirectly, including China itself.1 Transshipment activity presents one of the most complex and growing problems, not just for China and Hong Kong, but for reconciling global bilateral trade flows.
Risky Sexual Behaviour among Secondary School Adolescents in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Nigeria.

Adolescence sexuality is a major concern globally because of its attendant unfavorable reproductive health indices. There has been so many misconceptions about discussing sexuality issues with the adolescent such that most adolescents have gotten information from wrong source and this in way has really jeopardized the health of the nation as most country are youthful population. The descriptive cross sectional study utilized 4I0=n validated questionnaire developed by the researcher after wealth of literature has been reviewed. The findings revealed that the vast majority of the respondents were involved in unprotected sexual intercourse, early sexual debut, oral sex and practice of masturbation. Also the influence of socio demographic characteristics on adolescents risky sexual behaviour revealed that tribe and primary care giver were significant with pvalue <0.02 and <0.01 respectively. The findings revealed that students between ages 10-14 years were 1.5 more likely to practice risky sexual behaviour than those between the ages of 15-19 years. Although, this was not significant. Male students were found to be more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviour than female students and this was not significant.
Beyond Patient Characteristics: A Narrative Review of Contextual Factors Influencing Involuntary Admissions in Mental Health Care

Variations in the rates of involuntary admission (IA) reflect the influence of unexplained contextual variables that are typically too heterogeneous to be included in systematic reviews. This paper attempts to gather and analyze factors unrelated to the patients that have been linked to IA. The articles included in this review were selected by iteratively searching four electronic databases (PubMed, PsychINFO, EMBASE, and Web of Science). A total of 54 studies from 19 different countries and regions, including 14 European countries, the United States, Canada, China, Vietnam, and Taiwan, were selected. The factors were categorized as service-related factors, impactful events, seasonal and temporal factors, mental health legislation, staff factors, and public attitudes. The factors rarely act in isolation but rather interact and reinforce each other, causing a greater influence on IA. This paper explains how these factors present opportunities for robust and sustainable interventions to reduce IAs. The paper also identifies future directions for research, such as examining the effects of economic recessions. Enhancing global reporting standards is essential to validate future research and support further in-depth studies. The complexity of the factors influencing IA and the implicit role of society suggest that resolving it will require social change.
Does Board Independence Influence Financial Performance in IPO Firms? The Moderating Role of the National Business System

Professor Witt has published five major books, including Asian Business and Mangement (2019, Macmillan), The Oxford Handbook of Asian Business Systems (2014, Oxford U. Press), The Future of Chinese Capitalism (2007, Oxford U. Press), and Changing Japanese Capitalism (2006, Cambridge U. Press). His academic research has appeared or is forthcoming in leading publications, including the Journal of International Business Studies, Strategic Management Journal, Journal of Management Studies, Journal of World Business, Management and Organization Review, Socio-Economic Review, and Business Ethics Quarterly.
Al-Azhar International

Background : Women are more likely than men to experience urinary tract infections because of their shorter urethral, close closeness to the vagina, and easier access to germs through sexual intercourse. According to their physiological and anatomical position, elevated sex hormones during pregnancy, and other factors, pregnant women are more likely to develop symptomatic and asymptomatic urinary tract infections. Aim : The goal of the research is to estimate the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and the hazard of premature labor in pregnant women with ASB. Patients and methods : 100 pregnant women between the ages of 20 and 40 who were enrolled in the antenatal clinic and who met the inclusion criteria were included in the case-control prospective study. They were chosen through the El Hussein University Hospital ' s Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, and the study will last for 6 months (July 1, 2020 e January 1, 2021). Results : Regarding the analyzed patients ’ demographic traits. The groups did not differ signi ﬁ cantly in terms of maternal age, BMI, or parity. Regarding the examined laboratory parameters, there is no discernible difference between the three groups under investigation. ASB was more common in group A than in group B, although there was no statistically signi ﬁ cant difference between the two groups. The most common organisms were E. coli and K. pneumonia . Conclusion : A common infection in pregnancy called ASB increases the risks of harmful outcomes for both the mother and the fetus. As a result, pregnant women should undergo a bacteriuria screening and receive the proper antibiotic treatment.
Brides for Sale: Cross-Border Marriages and Female Immigration

Every year, a large number of women immigrate as brides from developing countries to developed countries in East Asia. This phenomenon virtually did not exist in the early 1990s, but foreign brides currently comprise 4 to 35 percent of newlyweds in these developed Asian countries. This paper argues that two factors account for this rapid increase in "bride importation": the rapid growth of women's educational attainment and a cultural norm that leads to a low net surplus of marriage for educated women. We provide empirical evidence supporting our theoretical model and its implications, using datasets from Japan, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and the Risk of Acute Pancreatitis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Taiwan

AbstractTo investigate the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on the risk of acute pancreatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes.This nationwide population-based cohort study used the diabetes patients dataset of Taiwan's National Health Research Insurance Research Database. Patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2009 and no history of acute pancreatitis were selected. This cohort was followed from the index date to the onset of acute pancreatitis or December 31, 2011. The main outcome measure was the hazard ratio (HR) for acute pancreatitis associated with DPP-4 inhibitor use. Cox proportional-hazards regression analyses were adjusted for alcohol use, hypertriglyceridemia, cholelithiasis, neoplasm, and Diabetes Complications Severity Index (DCSI) score. Subgroup analyses stratified by age and sex were conducted.The study cohort comprised 114,141 patients. Significant interaction effects were observed between sex and age (HR 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64–0.99) and age and DCSI score (HR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.71–0.97). In subgroup analyses, significant risks of acute pancreatitis were noted in female and elderly DPP-4 inhibitor users. Among women, the risk of acute pancreatitis was significantly higher among DPP-4 inhibitor users than among nonusers (HR 2.27, 95% CI: 1.30–3.97). This risk was also significantly higher in users than in nonusers among patients aged >65 years (HR 2.39, 95% CI: 1.11–5.15). Female and elderly DPP-4 inhibitor users had significantly elevated risks of acute pancreatitis development. Further well-conducted studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Culture, essentialism, and agency: Are individuals universally believed to be more real entities than groups?

Are human individuals universally seen to be more real entities (or more entitative, to use Campbell's, 1958, term) than social groups? Although the individual may be seen to be more entitative than social groups in the West, it is unclear whether this is the case in other cultures, especially in East Asia. Two aspects of perceived entitativity are distinguished: psychological essentialism (belief in the presence of essence-like unchangeable properties) and agency (perception that a social entity is an agent), and examined for four social targets (individual, family, friendship group, and society) in three English-speaking cultures (Australia, UK, and USA), three East Asian cultures (Hong Kong, Japan, and Korea), and two continental European cultures (Belgium and Germany). In all cultures, the individual person was seen to possess essence-like unchangeable characteristics more than social groups (i.e. essentialized). As for agency, the individual person was seen to be more agentic than groups in Western cultures, but both individuals and groups were conferred an equal level of agency in East Asia. Individuals may be universally more essentialized than friendship groups and societies, but not always seen to be more agentic, than social groups. Implications of the results for conceptions of individualism and collectivism are discussed.
Estimation of Steel Stock in Building and Civil Construction by Satellite Images

Steel is the most widely used material in the world and numerous studies analyzing the material flow of steel have been conducted for Japan, Asia and the world. While top-down and bottom-up approaches have been employed in material flow analysis and steel stock accounting, the applicability of these approaches is largely dependent on data availability. To overcome this problem of limited data, we proposed a method for estimating steel stock based on satellite images. Previous studies have shown that satellite images of nighttime lights are closely correlated with human activities, such as electricity consumption, CO2 emissions, and GDP, etc., which are also linked to the amount of steel stock. Therefore, in this study, images of nighttime lights were used in conjunction with land cover data to estimate the building and civil construction steel stock in Japan and other Asian countries. We initially performed the analysis for each prefecture of Japan and then applied the combined result to Japan, China, South Korea and Taiwan. Building steel stock was highly correlated with urban nighttime lights, while the steel stock used for civil construction structures was more closely correlated with total nighttime lights.