Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapamycin treatment induces tubular proteinuria: role of megalin-mediated protein reabsorption

Introduction: Rapamycin is an immunosuppressor that acts by inhibiting the serine/threonine kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1. Therapeutic use of rapamycin is limited by its adverse effects. Proteinuria is an important marker of kidney damage and a risk factor for kidney diseases progression and has been reported in patients and animal models treated with rapamycin. However, the mechanism underlying proteinuria induced by rapamycin is still an open matter. In this work, we investigated the effects of rapamycin on parameters of renal function and structure and on protein handling by proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs). Methods: Healthy BALB/c mice were treated with 1.5 mg/kg rapamycin by oral gavage for 1, 3, or 7 days. At the end of each treatment, the animals were kept in metabolic cages and renal function and structural parameters were analyzed. LLC-PK1 cell line was used as a model of PTECs to test specific effect of rapamycin. Results: Rapamycin treatment did not change parameters of glomerular structure and function. Conversely, there was a transient increase in 24-h proteinuria, urinary protein to creatinine ratio (UPCr), and albuminuria in the groups treated with rapamycin. In accordance with these findings, rapamycin treatment decreased albumin-fluorescein isothiocyanate uptake in the renal cortex. This effect was associated with reduced brush border expression and impaired subcellular distribution of megalin in PTECs. The effect of rapamycin seems to be specific for albumin endocytosis machinery because it did not modify renal sodium handling or (Na++K+)ATPase activity in BALB/c mice and in the LLC-PK1 cell line. A positive Pearson correlation was found between megalin expression and albumin uptake while an inverse correlation was shown between albumin uptake and UPCr or 24-h proteinuria. Despite its effect on albumin handling in PTECs, rapamycin treatment did not induce tubular injury measured by interstitial space and collagen deposition. Conclusion: These findings suggest that proteinuria induced by rapamycin could have a tubular rather than a glomerular origin. This effect involves a specific change in protein endocytosis machinery. Our results open new perspectives on understanding the undesired effect of proteinuria generated by rapamycin.
Opinion: Ethics Lessons Learned While Editing the Monthly: Modern Publishing Is Raising New Issues

1270 Notices of the AMs VoluMe 65, NuMber 10 secondhand as we worked our way through graduate school or our first tenure-track jobs. We basically know what not to do, but with the ever-changing landscape of academic publishing, the lines that seemed so clear thirty years ago are sometimes much less fine. For instance, does posting a paper to the arXiv constitute a publication? Or, if I use a photograph or table taken from the internet public domain, do I need to credit where it came from? The internet has opened an entire new can of ethical worms that we are just now beginning to sort out. So what are the rules? I found when I started dealing with the self-plagiarism case that there is no Bible for mathematical ethics. There are many different sources that one can use. I was quite surprised to learn that the Mathematical Association of America has no written ethics guidelines with regards to publishing. The three best sources that I could find were ethical guidelines adopted by the American Mathematical Society [2], the European Mathematical Society [4], and the London Mathematical Society [5]. The Procedures Manual of the AMS Committee on Professional Ethics (COPE) [1] has an appendix with many hypothetical ethics violations and the following disclaimer: “These are guidelines, not a collection of rigid rules. ” Even in the most clear-cut of cases, one must be ready to deal with gray area. Obviously, forging acceptance letters is not a gray area. The rules involving plagiarism of another author’s work are pretty clear-cut, but those involving self-plagiarism are not. Retractions are liable to become more commonplace As a pragmatist who instinctively trusts people, my fiveyear term as editor of the American Mathematical Monthly ended much differently than it began. After four years of editing with little or no ethical issues, two significant ones emerged during year five. The first involved an author who republished in the Monthly a work previously published elsewhere; it became the first retraction in the 121-year history of the Monthly. The second involved an author who forged acceptance letters for papers that he never had submitted. While these are extreme cases, they made me think deeply about ethical issues in mathematical publication and how they have changed so drastically since I began publishing papers thirty years ago. I doubt that many of the professional mathematicians who are reading this have ever taken a course in academic ethics or even listened to a seminar on the subject. Most of us (and I include myself) learned mathematical ethics Ethics Lessons Learned While Editing the Monthly: Modern Publishing Is Raising New Issues
PENGARUH FREE CASH FLOW, PROFITABILITAS, DAN SIKLUS HIDUP PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PRAKTIK MANAJEMEN LABA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah terdapat pengaruh free cash flow, profitabilitas, umur perusahaan, dan sales growth terhadap praktik manajemen laba. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data panel selama 2017-2020 berupa data perusahaan sektor property dan real estate yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 68 data yang diperoleh menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Teknik data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi berganda menggunakan SPSS versi 26. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa free cash flow berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap manajemen laba. Profitabilitas berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap manajemen laba. Sedangkan umur perusahaan dan sales growth tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap manajemen laba.
Study of the photo-detection efficiency of FBK High-Density silicon photomultipliers

This work presents a study of the factors contributing to the Photo-Detection Efficiency of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs): Quantum Efficiency, Triggering Probability and Fill Factor. Two different SiPM High-Density technologies are tested, NUV-HD, based on n-on-p junction, and RGB-HD, based on p-on-n junction, developed at FBK, Trento. The quantum efficiency was measured on photodiodes produced along with the SiPMs. The triggering probability, as a function of wavelength and bias voltage, was measured on circular Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) with 100% fill factor. Square SPADs, having the same layout of single SiPM cells, were studied to measure the effective fill factor and compare it to the nominal value. The comparison of the circular and square SPADs allows to get the transition region size between the effective active area of the cell and the one defined by the layout.
Oxidative stress and protection against it in bacteria

Microorganisms are exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are formed in various ways, in particular, as a result of respiration or other intracellular processes, during metal-catalyzed Fenton reactions, as a result of the action of UV- and X-radiation, under the influence of some antimicrobial drugs, or during the host immune oxidative-burst response against infection agents. In this review, we take a look at the mechanisms of microbial cell damage, including damage of lipids and proteins. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) is one of the main molecular mechanisms involved in oxidative damage to cellular structures. A variety of products are formed during LPO reactions: alkoxyl radicals, peroxyl radicals, hydroperoxides, diene conjugates, carbonyl compounds, aldehyde adducts with biopolymers, alcohols, esters, etc. These products include cytotoxic and highly reactive compounds. Free radical reactions of protein damage occur via hydrogen atom abstraction from α-carbon or SH-, NH2-groups of aminoacids and electron abstraction from nucleophile centers of proteins resulting in the fragmentation of proteins, their denaturation and the formation of amino acid radicals. Bacteria show a significant adaptive potential to the influence of stress agents, including ROS. We summarized the data on bacterial antioxidant protection, ROS redox sensors, and regulators of bacterial cell response to ROS exposure, focusing on the features of anaerobic microorganisms, as their responses to the oxidative damage are the least studied, and many problems remain unsolved. This review contains information about changes in fatty acid composition of lipids of the plasma membrane to maintain the necessary fluidity, and, thus, counteract the effects of various stressing agents, including ROS. The main modifications of the fatty acid composition of lipids important for the regulation of membrane fluidity are described, in particular, via changes in the degree of lipid saturation, cis/trans isomerization, and synthesis of cyclopropane fatty acids.
Four Decades of Trends and Drivers of Global Surface Ocean Acidification

The oceans are acidifying in response to the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, yet the global‐scale progression of this acidification has been poorly documented so far by observations. Here, we fill this gap and use an updated version of the in situ and satellite observation‐based product OceanSODA‐ETHZ to determine the trends and drivers of the surface ocean aragonite saturation state (Ωar) and pH = –log([H+]) (total scale) over the last four decades (1982–2021). In the global mean, Ωar and pH declined at rates of −0.071 ± 0.006 decade−1 and −0.0166 ± 0.0010 decade−1, respectively, with the errors of the trends largely reflecting the uncertainties in the reconstructed pH and Ωar fields. These global mean trends are driven primarily by the increase in surface ocean concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in response to the uptake of anthropogenic CO2, but moderated by changes in natural DIC. Surface warming enhances the decrease in pH, accounting for ∼15% of the global trend. The long‐term trends vary substantially across regions and also differ distinctly between pH and Ωar. The highest trends in pH are found in the high latitudes, while Ωar decreases the fastest in the low latitudes. These regional differences are primarily a consequence of regional differences in the ability of the surface ocean to take up and buffer the anthropogenic CO2. Substantial El Niño‐driven interannual variability is superimposed on these trends, with Ωar showing greater variability than pH, resulting in substantially longer time of emergence for Ωar.
Generalized Lyapunov-Razumikhin method for retarded differential inclusions: Applications to discontinuous neural networks

In this paper, a general class of nonlinear dynamical systems described by retarded differential equations with discontinuous right-hand sides is considered. Under the extended Filippov-framework, we investigate some basic stability problems for retarded differential inclusions (RDI) with given initial conditions by using the generalized Lyapunov-Razumikhin method. Comparing with the previous work, the main results given in this paper show that the Lyapunov-Razumikhin function is allowed to have a indefinite or positive definite derivative for almost everywhere along the solution trajectories of RDI. However, in most of the existing literature, the derivative (if it exists) of Lyapunov-Razumikhin function is required to be negative or semi-negative definite for almost everywhere. In addition, the Lyapunov-Razumikhin function in this paper is allowed to be non-smooth. To deal with the stability, we also drop the specific condition that the Lyapunov-Razumikhin function should have an infinitesimal upper limit. Finally, we apply the proposed Razumikhin techniques to handle the stability or stabilization control of discontinuous time-delayed neural networks. Meanwhile, we present two examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed method.
Editorial: Patient-derived tumor models for drug development

COPYRIGHT © 2023 Sabaawy, Broggini and Gupta. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. TYPE Editorial PUBLISHED 07 July 2023 DOI 10.3389/fonc.2023. 1243534
Nonlinear control based on equilibrium point analysis for inverted pendulum

The aim of this paper is to apply a nonlinear control based on equilibrium point analysis to an inverted pendulum. First, a nonlinear function of the control input is determined by the analysis, and the pins to replace unstable point with stable one are obtained. Finally, it is demonstrated numerically that the pendulum can be transferred from pendant state to inverted one by the proposed nonlinear control.
Elucidating the flow-microstructure coupling in entangled polymer melts. Part II: Molecular mechanism of shear banding

In this study, we have elucidated the molecular origin of shear banding in the entangled polymeric melts. Specifically, it is shown that the inflection point corresponding to the stress-overshoot indicates the possibility of inhomogeneity and this combined with slow orientation relaxation in step-strain start-up experiments will lead to formation of local inhomogeneity along the velocity gradient direction. Once the aforementioned inhomogeneities are created, a localized jump in entanglement density and a commensurate jump in normal stress and viscosity will lead to formation of the incipient shear banded flow structure. To this end, number of step-strain and start-up simulations with different deformation rate ramp times in the planar Couette flow with entanglement densities ⟨Zk⟩ ≥ 17 were performed to demonstrate the effect of deformation rate ramp time on the formation of local inhomogeneities and occurrence of shear banding. It has been demonstrated that if the time scale for the deformation rate to reach its steady value is larger or on the order of the orientation relaxation time of the chain, local inhomogeneities in the velocity gradient direction will not form and the linear velocity profile will prevail. Overall, the molecular mechanism of incipient shear banding as well as its evolution to steady shear banding or to a linear velocity profile (transient shear banding) is described for the first time. Moreover, our findings are in agreement with a host of prior step-strain and start-up experiments with synthetic and natural Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) entangled polymeric fluids.In this study, we have elucidated the molecular origin of shear banding in the entangled polymeric melts. Specifically, it is shown that the inflection point corresponding to the stress-overshoot indicates the possibility of inhomogeneity and this combined with slow orientation relaxation in step-strain start-up experiments will lead to formation of local inhomogeneity along the velocity gradient direction. Once the aforementioned inhomogeneities are created, a localized jump in entanglement density and a commensurate jump in normal stress and viscosity will lead to formation of the incipient shear banded flow structure. To this end, number of step-strain and start-up simulations with different deformation rate ramp times in the planar Couette flow with entanglement densities ⟨Zk⟩ ≥ 17 were performed to demonstrate the effect of deformation rate ramp time on the formation of local inhomogeneities and occurrence of shear banding. It has been demonstrated that if the time scale for the deformation rate to r.
Organization of the Subdiaphragmatic Vagus Nerve and Its Connection with the Celiac Plexus and the Ovaries in the Female Rat

Communication between the ovaries and the central nervous system occurs by peripheral innervation through the celiac plexus, superior ovarian nerve, and ovarian plexus nerve. The vagus nerve is involved in regulating the ovaries, but the neuroanatomical pathway that links them is not clear. Adult female rats were used for gross anatomy, acetylcholinesterase histochemistry, and the immunofluorescence analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH). The results obtained indicate that the right vagus nerve (RVN) travels parallel and caudal to the esophagus, where three nerve branches were identified. Also, a right vagal plexus (RVP) formed by microganglia was described, establishing communication with the celiac plexus, and was mainly reactive to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH); some serotoninergic and cholinergic neurons were also found. The left vagus nerve (LVN) travels over the esophagus, bifurcates before its insertion into the stomach and enters the RCG. This neuroanatomical and biochemical description of the RVN and LVN in the rat suggests the RVP is formed by presynaptic catecholaminergic terminals and cholinergic neurons. This information could support detailed studies of communication between the vagus nerve and the ovaries and identify the type of neural signaling involved in abdominal control of the vagus nerve.
Exergaming Characteristics in Interventions Addressing Physical Activity and Nutrition: A Systematic Literature Review

INTRODUCTION: The increasing popularity of exergames to promote the adoption of physical activity and healthy nutrition among different population groups is well established. However, due to the use of various types of exergames, their effectiveness in addressing specific behaviours varies.OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aims to identify, classify exergaming elements, and examine their efficacy in enhancing physical activity levels, improve nutrition habits, or a combination of both, across various populations.METHODS: A systematic search was conducted to identify relevant publications. Data on study characteristics pertaining to types of exergames, purpose, focus, target population, technologies used, and the theoretical framework were extracted. A classification scheme of exergaming components and characteristics has been developed to facilitate this systematic review.RESULTS: A total of 34 studies were included and n=21 of them were experimental. Most studies (n=31) were focused on Physical Activity using exergames, whereas n=9 studies addressed both Physical Activity and Nutrition simultaneously.CONCLUSION: All of the studies reported positive behavioural outcomes, although, prolonged and sustained engagement with exergames were not consistently reported.
A Note on the Computation of Maximum Roll Amplitudes in Regular Beam Seas

Generalized methods for deriving the harmonic balance equations are illustrated using a ship roll model with angle dependent cubic damping, and cubic stiffness terms. The balance equations are then solved subject to a phase constraint which identifies the resonant solution only. The amplitude of the response at resonance, and the frequency at which resonance occurs, can therefore be obtained without needing to compute the response over a wide frequency range. This provides an efficient tool for investigating the dependence of the resonant response on the level of input excitation, with results which agree well with more time-consuming simulation methods.
Role of social media in empowering tribal community

Social media has become a vital phenomenon in contemporary social science research. It is an online media platform where people can easily share likes and comments on any post. Social media is the product of technological achievement. Social media are web 2.0 internet-based applications that are user-generated content where social media organisations create specific profiles, and their profiles are connected with other individuals and groups. Social Media in the 21 st century disseminates from the urban to the local level. The social media platforms enable the peoples of the rural heartland of Adivasi who is getting opportunities to connect themselves to the mainstream world. Through these platforms, they can express their rights, culture and traditional knowledge system to the people. This paper aims to explore how social media promotes tribal interest. To what extent has social media affected tribal socio-economics and political and technological mobility in everyday life? The present paper attempts to analyse how social media platforms facilitate tribal peoples to disperse their indigenous knowledge system to the world. In this way, this paper deals with the epistemological understanding of tribalism, reiterating their ontological reality through the rapid technological development of social media. The paper will broadly employ qualitative methods, including analysing social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. The analysis would be based on the various public account on social media like the Ministry of tribal affairs tweets and Facebooks post and various tribal groups' accounts that post and comment on tribal culture and their indigenous knowledge system
Event‐triggered output synchronization of heterogeneous multi‐agent systems

This paper proposes a control architecture that employs event‐triggered control techniques to achieve output synchronization of a group of heterogeneous linear time‐invariant agents. We associate with each agent an event‐triggered output regulation controller and an event‐triggered reference generator. The event‐triggered output regulation controller is designed such that the regulated output of the agent approximately tracks a reference signal provided by the reference generator in the presence of unknown disturbances. The event‐triggered reference generator is responsible for synchronizing its internal state across all agents by exchanging information through a communication network linking the agents. We first address the output regulation problem for a single agent where we analyze two event‐triggered scenarios. In the first one, the output and input event detectors operate synchronously, meaning that resets are made at the same time instants, while in the second one, they operate asynchronously and independently of each other. It is shown that the tracking error is globally bounded for all bounded reference trajectories and all bounded disturbances. We then merge the results on event‐triggered output regulation with previous results on event‐triggered communication protocols for synchronization of the reference generators to demonstrate that the regulated output of each agent converges to and remains in a neighborhood of the desired reference trajectory and that the closed‐loop system does not exhibit Zeno solutions. Several examples are provided to illustrate the advantages and issues of every component of the proposed control architecture. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.