Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association Between Amyloid- β , Small-vessel Disease, and Neurodegeneration Biomarker Positivity, and Progression to Mild Cognitive Impairment in Cognitively Normal Individuals

Background: We estimated the prevalence and incidence of amyloid- β deposition (A), small-vessel disease (V), and neurodegeneration (N) biomarker positivity in community-dwelling cognitively normal individuals (CN). We determined the longitudinal association between the respective biomarker indices with progression to all-cause mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its amnestic and nonamnestic subtypes. Methods: CN participants, recruited by advertising, underwent brain [C-11]Pittsburgh Compound-B (PiB)-positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging, and [F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose (FDG)-PET, and were designated as having high or low amyloid- β (A+/ A−), greater or lower white matter hyperintensities burden (V+/V−) and diminished or normal cortical glucose metabolism (N+/N−). MCI was adjudicated using clinical assessments. We examined the association between A, V, and N biomarker positivity at study baseline and endpoint, with progression to MCI using linear regression, Cox proportional hazards and Kaplan–Meier analyses adjusted for age and APOE- ε 4 carrier status. Results: In 98 CN individuals (average age 74 years, 65% female), A+, V+, and N+ prevalence was 26%, 33%, and 8%, respectively. At study endpoint (median: 5.5 years), an A+, but not a V+ or N+ scan, was associated with higher odds of all-cause MCI (Chi-square = 3.9, p = .048, odds ratio, 95% confidence interval = 2.6 [1.01–6.8]). Baseline A+, V+, or N+ were not associated with all-cause MCI, however, baseline A+ ( p = .018) and A+N+ ( p = .049), and endpoint A+N+ ( p = .025) were associated with time to progression to amnestic, not nonamnestic, MCI. Conclusion: Longitudinal assessments clarify the association between amyloid- β and progression to all-cause MCI in CN individuals. The association between biomarker positivity indices of amyloid- β and neurodegeneration, and amnestic MCI reflects the underlying pathology involved in the progression to prodromal Alzheimer’s disease. the of positive biomarkers to to
Major Dietary Protein Sources and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women

Background— With the exception of fish, few major dietary protein sources have been studied in relation to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). Our objective was to examine the relation between foods that are major dietary protein sources and incident CHD. Methods and Results— We prospectively followed 84 136 women aged 30 to 55 years in the Nurses' Health Study with no known cancer, diabetes mellitus, angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, or other cardiovascular disease. Diet was assessed by a standardized and validated questionnaire and updated every 4 years. During 26 years of follow-up, we documented 2210 incident nonfatal infarctions and 952 deaths from CHD. In multivariable analyses including age, smoking, and other risk factors, higher intakes of red meat, red meat excluding processed meat, and high-fat dairy were significantly associated with elevated risk of CHD. Higher intakes of poultry, fish, and nuts were significantly associated with lower risk. In a model controlling statistically for energy intake, 1 serving per day of nuts was associated with a 30% (95% confidence interval, 17% to 42%) lower risk of CHD compared with 1 serving per day of red meat. Similarly, compared with 1 serving per day of red meat, a lower risk was associated with 1 serving per day of low-fat dairy (13%; 95% confidence interval, 6% to 19%), poultry (19%; 95% confidence interval, 3% to 33%), and fish (24%; 95% confidence interval, 6% to 39%). Conclusions— These data suggest that high red meat intake increases risk of CHD and that CHD risk may be reduced importantly by shifting sources of protein in the US diet.
Investigating individual differences in learning-based visual saliency models (情報論的学習理論と機械学習)

Learning-based approaches for modeling visual saliency using a data set of human fixations are becoming increasingly popular in recent years. However, most of the prior studies do not consider individual differences in visual attention, which might potentially improve the fixation prediction performance of learned models. By taking the visual saliency model which incorporates visual field characteristics as an example, we investigate individual differences by statistically comparing different saliency models learned using person-dependent training data sets.
The common property aquifer as a differential game

Open-loop and feedback equilibria are compared using a common property aquifer model. Open-loop solutions correspond to assuming that participants commit themselves in the initial period to pumping rates in all future periods. Feedback solutions represent a more realistic assumption as farm operators adopt pumping strategies that depend on the reserve stock of water. Comparing the two equilibrium concepts reveals two sources of dynamic inefficiency in the common property aquifer: a pumping cost externality and a “strategic externality” that arises from the competition among users to capture the groundwater reserves. The qualitative results show that the open-loop solution captures only the pumping cost externality. The feedback solution captures both externalities and exacerbates the over- exploitation of the commons compared to the open-loop solution. Moreover, the dynamic inefficiency resulting from both externalities increases in the number of independent landowners with access to the aquifer.
Relationships Between Positive and Negative Affect and the Five Factors of Personality in a Brazilian Sample1

Strong associations of Neuroticism and Extraversion with positive affects (PA) and negative affects (NA) have been reported in the international literature. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of such relationships in a Brazilian sample, and also to investigate the role of Conscientiousness, Agreeableness and Openness in the prediction of PA and NA through the use of a hybrid structural model. Participants were 319 university students, between 17 and 37 years of age (mean = 21.5, SD = 4.9). Approximately 64% of the students were female and 36% male. Results showed that Neuroticism was the most important predictor of PA and NA, followed by Conscientiousness, but not Extraversion. Surprisingly, Agreeableness was shown to be a weak prediction for NA, but had no relationship with PA. As expected, Openness showed no relationship with PA or NA. These results are partially in agreement with the international literature but some important differences were detected.
Expression of a cystatin transgene can confer resistance to root lesion nematodes in Lilium longiflorum cv.

Lilium longiflorum cv. 'Nellie White' assumes a great economic importance as cut flowers, being one of the most valuable species (annual pot plants value above $20,000,000) in terms of whole- sales in the US. The root lesion nematode Pratylen- chus penetrans (RLN) constitutes one of the main pests for lily producers due to the significant root damage it causes. Our efforts have focused on the generation of soybean hairy roots (as a transient test model) and stable transgenic lilies overexpressing a modified rice cystatin (Oc-IDD86) transgene and challenged with root lesion nematodes. Lily transfor- mation was achieved by gene gun co-bombardment using both a pBluescript-based vector containing the cystatin gene and pDM307 that contains a bar gene for phosphinothricin selection. Both soybean hairy roots and lilies overexpressing the OcIDD86 transgene exhibited enhanced resistance to RLN infection by means of nematode reduction up to 75 ± 5 % on the total number of nematodes. In addition, lily plants overexpressing OcIDD86 displayed an increase of plant mass and better growth performance in compar- ison to wild-type plants, thereby demonstrating an alternative strategy for increasing the yield and reducing nematode damage to this important floral crop.
Lowell proper motion survey: Southern Hemisphere (Giclas, Burnham, and Thomas 1978). Documentation for the machine-readable version

The machine-readable version of the catalog, as it is currently being distributed from the Astronomical Data Center, is described. The catalog is a summary compilation of the Lowell Proper Motion Survey for the Southern Hemisphere, as completed to mid-1978 and published in the Lowell Observatory Bulletins. This summary catalog serves as a Southern Hemisphere companion to the Lowell Proper Motion Survey, Northern Hemisphere.
Microbiology and atmospheric processes: biological, physical and chemical characterization of aerosol particles

Abstract. The interest in bioaerosols has traditionally been linked to health hazards for humans, animals and plants. However, several components of bioaerosols exhibit physical properties of great significance for cloud processes, such as ice nucleation and cloud condensation. To gain a better understanding of their influence on climate, it is therefore important to determine the composition, concentration, seasonal fluctuation, regional diversity and evolution of bioaerosols. In this paper, we will review briefly the existing techniques for detection, quantification, physical and chemical analysis of biological particles, attempting to bridge physical, chemical and biological methods for analysis of biological particles and integrate them with aerosol sampling techniques. We will also explore some emerging spectroscopy techniques for bulk and single-particle analysis that have potential for in-situ physical and chemical analysis. Lastly, we will outline open questions and further desired capabilities (e.g., in-situ, sensitive, both broad and selective, on-line, time-resolved, rapid, versatile, cost-effective techniques) required prior to comprehensive understanding of chemical and physical characterization of bioaerosols.
The quest for the Holy Grail in mining geophysics: A review of the development and application of airborne EM systems over the last 50 years

Airborne electromagnetics (AEM) surveying has been by far the most successful mining geophysical technique ever developed. Since the start of commercial use in early 1951, AEM can be credited with directly aiding in the discovery of more than 80 deposits, with a gross value of more than $100 billion.
Promoting Access to White Rose Research Papers Dimensionality Reduction of Clustered Data Sets

—We present a novel probabilistic latent variable model to perform linear dimensionality reduction on data sets which contain clusters. We prove that the maximum likelihood solution of the model is an unsupervised generalization of linear discriminant analysis. This provides a completely new approach to one of the most established and widely used classification algorithms. The performance of the model is then demonstrated on a number of real and artificial data sets.
UKALLXII/ECOG2993: addition of imatinib to a standard treatment regimen enhances long-term outcomes in Philadelphia positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia

vs 82% in the preimatinib cohort ( P 5 .004). At 4 years, the overall survival (OS) of all patients in the imatinib cohort was 38% vs 22% in the preimatinib cohort ( P 5 .003). The magnitude of the difference between the preimatinib and imatinib cohorts in event-free survival (EFS), OS, and relapse-free survival (RFS) seen in univariate analysis was even greater in the multivariate analysis. In the preimatinib cohort, 31% of those starting treatment achieved hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHSCT) compared with 46% in the imatinib cohort. A Cox multivariate analysis taking alloHSCT into account showed a modest additional benefit to imatinib (hazard ratio for EFS 5 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.44-0.93, P 5 .02), but no significant benefit for OS and RFS. Adding imatinib to standard therapy improves CR rate and long-term OS for adults with ALL. A proportion of the OS benefit derives from the fact that imatinib facilitates alloHSCT. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00002514. ( Blood . 2014;123(6):843-850) cant the multivariate analysis con ﬁ rmed the bene ﬁ t of imatinib when ﬂ aw of studies with historical cohort controls, our data support a ﬁ rm conclusion that imatinib to a treatment 1 alloHSCT remains the post-remission of for patients with Ph 1 Our data suggest that of alloHSCT. Our data show a signi ﬁ cant in the of in imatinib cohort bene
Gaze dynamics of feature-based distractor inhibition under the prior-knowledge and expectation

Prior information about distractor facilitates selective attention to task-relevant items and helps the optimization of oculomotor planning. Particularly, feature-based attentional inhibition could be benefited from the pre-knowledge of critical features of the distractors. In the present study, we capitalized on gaze-position decoding to examine the dynamics of attentional deployment in a feature-based attentional task that involved two groups of dots (target/distractor dots) moving toward different directions. Specifically, this measurement revealed how pre-knowledge of the target’s or distractor’s direction modulated real-time feature-based attentional bias. In Experiment 1, participants were provided with target cues indicating the moving direction of target dots. The results showed that participants were biased towards the cued direction and tracked the target dots throughout the task period. In Experiment 2 and Experiment 3, participants were provided with cues that informed the moving direction of distractor dots. The results showed that participants would continuously monitor the distractor’s direction when the distractor cue varied on a trial-by-trial basis (Experiment 2). However, when the to-be-ignored distractor direction remained constant (Experiment 3), participants would strategically bias their attention to the distractor’s direction before the cue onset and reduce the cost of re-deployment of attention between trials. These results suggest that monitoring the distractor’s feature is a prerequisite for feature-based attentional inhibition and this process is facilitated by the predictability of the distractor’s feature.
Reproductive skew in female common marmosets: what can proximate mechanisms tell us about ultimate causes?

Common marmosets are cooperatively breeding monkeys that exhibit high reproductive skew: most subordinate females fail to reproduce, while others attempt to breed but produce very few surviving infants. An extensive dataset on the mechanisms limiting reproduction in laboratory-housed and free-living subordinate females provides unique insights into the causes of reproductive skew. Non-breeding adult females undergo suppression of ovulation and inhibition of sexual behaviour; however, they receive little or no aggression or mating interference by dominants and do not exhibit behavioural or physiological signs of stress. Breeding subordinate females receive comparable amounts of aggression to non-breeding females but are able to conceive, gestate and lactate normally. In groups containing two breeding females, however, both dominant and subordinate breeders kill one another's infants. These findings suggest that preconception reproductive suppression is not imposed on subordinate females by dominants, at a proximate level, but is instead self-imposed by most subordinates, consistent with restraint models of reproductive skew. In contrast to restraint models, however, this self-suppression probably evolved not in response to the threat of eviction by dominant females but in response to the threat of infanticide. Thus, reproductive skew in this species appears to be generated predominantly by subordinate self-restraint, in a proximate sense, but ultimately by dominant control over subordinates' reproductive attempts.
River Training and Ecological Enhancement Potential Using In-Stream Structures

The use of in-stream flow training structures for channel stabilization has become increasingly popular due to its potential cost effectiveness and ecological benefits. When properly designed and maintained, these structures help to protect the channel from erosion and lateral migration and may also provide grade control. Additionally, in-stream structures may improve fish and macroinvertebrate habitat and increase hyporheic exchange. However, a large number of these projects fail due to inadequate design guidelines. In this study, various types of in-stream sill and deflector structures are described. A literature review including case studies, journal articles, and standards developed by various agencies suggests design guidelines which are currently available but do not meet the rigorous engineering-based hydraulic design criteria necessary for success. A practitioner opinion survey of personnel from state agencies, federal agencies, and private firms indicates that these structures are being used extensively in at least 76% of the USGS physiographic provinces. In general, respondents indicated that in the areas of cost, performance, maintenance, and environmental enhancement in-stream structures are preferable to the most common alternative: riprap revetment. Information from 39 case studies suggests that successful projects involve multiple structures and are located in rivers with relatively high aspect ratios.
Low-level blasts raise intracranial pressure and impair cognitive function in rats.

Abstract Brain injury after high-level blast has been established both clinically and experimentally. Less is known about the effects on the brain of exposure to low to moderate blast levels, such as those encountered by military personnel during the firing of weapons. This study investigates if exposure to occupational levels of low-level blasts affect intracranial pressure and cognitive performance. Rats were exposed to blast overpressure in a shock tube at peak levels of 10, 30, and 60 kPa. Intracranial pressure (ICP) was measured after 0.5, 3, 6, and 10 h and 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days. We found two features of the response: a dose-dependent rise in ICP in rats exposed to blast, and an increasing time delay in elevation with decreasing intensity of exposure. The ICP increased in a dose-dependent fashion, up to 15.7 mm Hg after exposure to a 60-kPa blast from a control level of 6 mm Hg. While the initial elevation took place within 30 min after exposure to 60 kPa, it did not appear until after 2 and 6 h fo.
Neurobiological Divergence of the Positive and Negative Schizophrenia Subtypes Identified on a New Factor Structure of Psychopathology Using Non-negative Factorization: An International Machine Learning Study

Citation for published version (APA): Chen, J., Patil, K. R. , Weis, S. , Sim, K. , Nickl-Jockschat, T. , Zhou, J., . Visser, E. (2020). Neurobiological Divergence of the Positive and Negative Schizophrenia Subtypes Identified on a New Factor Structure of Psychopathology Using Non-negative Factorization: An International Machine Learning Study. Biological Psychiatry, 87(3), 282-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych. 2019.08. 031
Principal component analysis of stacked multi-temporal images for the monitoring of rapid urban expansion in the Pearl River Delta

The Pearl River Delta is experiencing very fast urban growth in recent years which has caused rapid loss of the valuable agricultural land in this fertile region. There is a great need to monitor the rapid urban expansion using remote sensing for urban planning and management purposes. However, it has been well recognized that there is significant over-estimation of land use change in using multi-temporal images for change detection because of inadequate creation of classification signatures. This paper presents a principal component analysis of stacked multi-temporal images method to reduce such errors. The study demonstrates that this method can reduce errors in change detection using multitemporal images and provide a very useful way in monitoring rapid land use changes and urban expansion in the Pearl River Delta and other parts of the world.
The global nitrous oxide budget revisited

We present an update of the global budget of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) that accounts for recent revisions in estimates of global emissions. Most importantly, new estimates of N2O emissions from agriculture and from oceans and a surface sink of N2O have been included. Our estimates confirm that current food production is the largest anthropogenic source of N2O. However, its relative share in total anthropogenic emissions (about 60%) is smaller than in earlier studies (almost 80%). We estimate past trends in global emissions of N2O and use these as input to a simple atmospheric box model to calculate trends in atmospheric N2O concentrations for the period 1500–2006. We show that our revised estimates for global emissions of N2O are consistent with observed trends in atmospheric concentrations.
Recession rates of waterfalls in Boso Peninsula, Japan, and a predictive equation

Rates of waterfall recession, and major factors that influence the rate, were studied using waterfalls in Boso Peninsula, Japan. The mean rate of waterfall recession was estimated by determining the age and original location. The principal factor in determining the rate of waterfall recession is the ratio of the erosive force of stream to the bedrock resistance. This is expressed in terms of measurable variables, which include the discharge (drainage area and precipitation), the width and height of the waterfall, and the unconfined compressive strength of the bedrock. An empirical equation connecting the force/resistance ratios and the rates of waterfall recession is derived. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a Heuristic Thermal Control System for the Ultrasonic Planetary Core Drill

The Ultrasonic Planetary Core Drill (UPCD), recently developed by a consortium of European partners with co-ordination from the University of Glasgow, is a planetary sample acquisition and caching systems testbed, recently field tested at Alexander Island, Antarctica. During the early development of the technology, laboratory-based drilling tests at ambient pressure, utilizing volatile-laden permafrost simulants, revealed the need for an enhancement of the existing control algorithm which autonomously governs the rate of progress of the drill through the terrain. Such modifications have been deemed essential if failure modes relating to re-solidification of unbound volatiles are to be avoided. In the preliminary development of this thermal control algorithm, multiple sensors have been utilized in order to enhance the reliability of the system. It is hoped that this sensor suite may also allow data concerning the thermal environment of the terrain to be exploited, improving the scientific return of the mission. This paper details the early progress made towards a robust thermal control system for the Ultrasonic Planetary Core Drill, featuring results of laboratory testing under ambient conditions in to targets consisting of simulated permafrost, pure ice and frozen saturated rock. Results from this series of preliminary tests show that, when required, the control algorithm developed has proven to be a useful addition to the UPCD control system through its ability to prevent freeze-in faults.
OPINION Germinal centers B-cell reaction and T follicular helper cells in response to HIV-1 infection

Recent findings HIV-specific bNAbs are generated by iterative cycles of B-cell maturation supported by GC environment. Recent observations underline that germinal center structural alterations at the earliest stages of HIV infection could impact Tfh cell and germinal center B-cell homeostasis, thus preventing the rise of efficient humoral immunity. Moreover, despite ART treatment, HIV-derived antigens persist, particularly in follicular CD4þ T cells. Antigenic persistence and variability lead to unregulated chronic stimulation. In this context, regulation of the germinal center appears of special interest. In addition to follicular T-regulatory cells (Tfr), new potent regulators of germinal center reaction, such as follicular CD8 T and NK cells have been recently identified.