Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trends of stratified prostate cancer risk in a single Korean province from 2003 to 2021: A multicenter study conducted using regional training hospital data

Purpose To identify changes in prostate cancer (PCa) risk-stratification during the last two decades in Korea, where the social perception of PCa was limited due to a relatively low incidence but has recently been triggered by the rapidly increasing incidence of benign prostate hyperplasia. Materials and Methods Retrospective data of patients who had received a diagnosis of PCa in a single Korean province (Daegu-Gyeongsangbuk) at all seven training hospitals in the years 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, and 2021 were subjected to analysis. Changes in PCa risk-stratification were investigated with respect to serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score (GS), and clinical stage. Results Of the 3,393 study subjects that received a diagnosis of PCa, 64.1% had high-risk disease, 23.0% intermediate, and 12.9% low-risk disease. The proportion diagnosed with high-risk disease was 54.8% in 2003, 30.6% in 2019, but then increased to 35.1% in 2021. The proportion of patients with high PSA (>20 ng/mL) steadily decreased from 59.4% in 2003 to 29.6% in 2021, whereas the proportion with a high GS (>8) increased from 32.8% in 2011 to 34.0% in 2021, and the proportion with advanced stage disease (over cT2c) increased from 26.5% in 2011 to 37.1% in 2021. Conclusions In this retrospective study, conducted in a single Korean province, high-risk PCa accounted for the largest proportion of newly registered Korean PCa patients during the last two decades and increased in the early 2020s. This outcome supports the adoption of nationwide PSA screening, regardless of current Western guidelines.
4-manifolds and Kirby calculus

4-manifolds: Introduction Surfaces in 4-manifolds Complex surfaces Kirby calculus: Handelbodies and Kirby diagrams Kirby calculus More examples Applications: Branched covers and resolutions Elliptic and Lefschetz fibrations Cobordisms, $h$-cobordisms and exotic ${\mathbb{R}}^{4,}$s Symplectic 4-manifolds Stein surfaces Appendices: Solutions Notation, important figures Bibliography Index.
Observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts of Cosmic Origin

Sixteen short bursts of photons in the energy range 0.2–1.5 MeV have been observed between 1969 July and 1972 July using widely separated spacecraft. Burst durations ranged from less than 0.1 s to ∼30 s, and time‐integrated flux densities from ∼10−5 ergs cm−2 to ∼2 × 10−4 ergs cm−2 in the energy range given. Significant time structure within bursts was observed. Directional information eliminates the Earth and Sun as sources.
Soft X-ray Fluorescence and Near-Edge Absorption Microscopy for Investigating Metabolic Features in Biological Systems: A Review

Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) provides the imaging of biological specimens allowing the parallel collection of localized spectroscopic information by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and/or X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES). The complex metabolic mechanisms which can take place in biological systems can be explored by these techniques by tracing even small quantities of the chemical elements involved in the metabolic pathways. Here, we present a review of the most recent publications in the synchrotrons’ scenario where soft X-ray spectro-microscopy has been employed in life science as well as in environmental research.
Point pattern matching using modified ant colony optimization

This paper proposes an ant colony optimization (ACO) based approach for point pattern matching (PPM) under affine transformation. In the paper, the point sets matching problem is formulated as a mixed variable (binary and continuous) optimization problem. The ACO is used to search for the optimal transformation parameters. There are two contributions made in this paper. Firstly, we manage to modify the original ACO method by combining it with the leastsquares method. Thus, it can handle with the continuous spatial mapping parameters searching. Secondly, we introduce a threshold to correspondence finding, which rejects outliers and enhances veracity while using "Nearest Neighbors Search". Experiments demonstrate the validity and robustness of the algorithm.
Discrete mass conservation for porous media saturated flow

Global and local mass conservation for velocity fields associated with saturated porous media flow have long been recognized as integral components of any numerical scheme attempting to simulate these flows. In this work, we study finite element discretizations for saturated porous media flow that use Taylor–Hood (TH) and Scott–Vogelius (SV) finite elements. The governing equations are modified to include a stabilization term when using the TH elements, and we provide a theoretical result that shows convergence (with respect to the stabilization parameter) to pointwise mass‐conservative solutions. We also provide results using the SV approximation pair. These elements are pointwise divergence free, leading to optimal convergence rates and numerical solutions. We give numerical results to verify our theory and a comparison with standard mixed methods for saturated flow problems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 30: 625–640, 2014
Bell inequality tests of four-photon six-qubit graph states

Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany(Dated: June 18, 2009)We report on the experimental realization of two di erent Bell inequality tests based on six-qubit linear-type and Y-shape graph states. For each of these states, the Bell inequalities testedare optimal in the sense that they provide the maximum violation among all Bell inequalities withstabilizing observables and possess the maximum resistance to noise.
Metamathematics in Coq

Chapter 1: Automated Proof Construction in Type Theory using Resolution. We describe techniques to integrate resolution logic in type theory. Refutation proofs obtained by resolution are translated into lambda-terms, using reflection and an encoding of resolution proofs in minimal logic. Thereby we obtain a verification procedure for resolution proofs, and, more importantly, we add the power of resolution theorem provers to interactive proof construction systems based on type theory. We introduce a novel representation of clauses in minimal logic such that the lambda-representation of resolution steps is linear in the size of the premisses. A clausification algorithm, equipped with a correctness proof, is encoded in Coq. Chapter 2: Proof Reflection in Coq. Natural deduction for first-order logic is formalised in the proof assistant Coq, using de Bruijn indices for variable binding. The main judgement is of the form G |- d [:] p, stating that d is a proof term of formula p under hypotheses G; it can be viewed as a typing relation by the Curry-Howard isomorphism. This relation is proved sound with respect to Coq's native logic and is amenable to the manipulation of formulas and of derivations. As an illustration, I define a reduction relation on proof terms with permutative conversions and prove the property of subject reduction. Chapter 3: Adbmal To make the notion of scope in the lambda-calculus explicit, we extend the syntax of the lambda-calculus with an end-of-scope operator adbmal. The idea is that an adbmal x ends the scope of the matching lambda x above it (in the term tree). Accordingly, beta-reduction is extended to the set of scoped lambda-terms by performing minimal scope extrusion before performing replication as usual. We show confluence of the resulting scoped $\beta$-reduction. Confluence of beta-reduction for the ordinary lambda-calculus is obtained as a corollary, by extruding scopes maximally before forgetting them altogether. Only in this final forgetful step, alpha-equivalence is needed. All our proofs have been verified in Coq.
Direct femtosecond laser surface nano/microstructuring and its applications

This paper reviews a new field of direct femtosecond laser surface nano/microstructuring and its applications. Over the past few years, direct femtosecond laser surface processing has distinguished itself from other conventional laser ablation methods and become one of the best ways to create surface structures at nano‐ and micro‐scales on metals and semiconductors due to its flexibility, simplicity, and controllability in creating various types of nano/microstructures that are suitable for a wide range of applications. Significant advancements were made recently in applying this technique to altering optical properties of metals and semiconductors. As a result, highly absorptive metals and semiconductors were created, dubbed as the “black metals” and “black silicon”. Furthermore, various colors other than black have been created through structural coloring on metals. Direct femtosecond laser processing is also capable of producing novel materials with wetting properties ranging from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic. In the extreme case, superwicking materials were created that can make liquids run vertically uphill against the gravity over an extended surface area. Though impressive scientific achievements have been made so far, direct femtosecond laser processing is still a young research field and many exciting findings are expected to emerge on its horizon.
DORIS precise orbit determination and localization system description and USOs performances

The Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), the French Space Agency, has designed and developed the Doppler Orbiting and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) system, able to determine within a few centimeters, the location of satellites and ground beacons. DORIS payload has been integrated on three French SPOT satellites, on TOPEX NASA satellite, and will be embarked on ENVISAT ESA satellite. Based on one way Doppler accurate measurements from a network of 50 ground beacons, localization performances depends strongly on the frequency stability of on-board and ground Ultra Stable Oscillators (USO). The paper describes elements of the DORIS system, and gives performances of orbit computations and precise positioning. It emphasizes performances analysis of on-board and beacons USOs, measured by CNES T/F lab, and via orbit measurements.
Recent progress and clinical applications of advanced biomaterials in cosmetic surgery

Abstract Materials of different allogeneic or xenogeneic or autologous origins are widely used as soft-tissue fillers or structural scaffolds in the field of cosmetic surgery, while complications including prosthesis infection, donor site deformity and filler embolization have always been difficult problems for plastic surgeons. The application of novel biomaterials may bring in hopeful solutions for these problems. Recently, some advanced biomaterials, such as regenerative biomaterials can effectively promote the repair of defective tissues, which have been proven to have good therapeutic as well as cosmetic effects in cosmetic surgery. Therefore, biomaterials with active compounds have drawn significant attention for the tissue regeneration of reconstructive and esthetic treatment. Some of these applications have achieved better clinical outcomes than traditional biological materials. This review summarized recent progress and clinical applications of advanced biomaterials in cosmetic surgery.
Oscillating grids as a source of nearly isotropic turbulence

Turbulence generated by vertical oscillations of a horizontal monoplanar grid in homogeneous water contained in a tank was used to study certain properties of nearly isotropic turbulence. The cases of sustained oscillations and the removal of forcing after a period of oscillations were considered. The former was used to evaluate the Eulerian‐frequency spectra of nearly isotropic turbulence, and the velocity–time power law and spectral behavior of decaying turbulence were studied using the latter. The experimental observations are compared with available theoretical formulations as well as previous experimental observations.
Role of the Minimal State Variable Criterion

This paper concerns the minimal-state-variable (MSV) criterion for selection among solutions in rational expectations (RE) models that feature a multiplicity of paths that satisfy all of the model's conditions. It compares the MSV criterion with others that have been proposed, including the widely used saddle-path (or dynamic stability) criterion. It is emphasized that the MSV criterion can be viewed as a classification scheme that delineates the unique solution that is free of bubble or sunspot components. This scheme is of scientific value as it (a) yields a single solution upon which a researcher can focus attention if desired and (b) provides the basis for a substantive hypothesis that actual market outcomes are generally of a bubble-free nature. In the process of demonstrating uniqueness of the MSV solution for a broad class of linear models, the paper exposits a convenient and practical computational procedure. Also, several applications to current issues regarding monetary policy are outlined.
The Effects of Child Poverty Reductions on Child Protective Services Involvement

In this study, we use microsimulation methods to estimate the reduction in child protective services (CPS) involvement resulting from implementation of three of the policy packages from a recent National Academy of Sciences proposal to reduce child poverty, including the introduction of a child allowance and expansions to the earned income tax credit, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, and the federal minimum wage. We find that the policy packages have the potential to reduce CPS investigations by 11.3–19.7 percent annually. Moreover, our results are suggestive of a substantial reduction in racial disproportionality in CPS involvement. We estimate an 18.7–28.5 percent reduction in investigations for Black children and 13.3–24.4 percent for Hispanic children, compared with 6.7–13.0 percent for White children. Our results indicate that the nontrivial improvements in child safety accruing from any of the three policy packages should be considered in the calculus of policy implementation.
Turbulent transport in accretion disks

The physics of turbulent transport in accretion disks is reviewed. The use of a formalism based on noncircular fluctuations is particularly useful, and enables one to understand the different consequences of hydrodynamical, magnetic, and self-gravitating processes. The system of governing equations separates naturally into fluctuation dynamics, which describes how the turbulence is maintained, and mean flow dynamics, which corresponds to classical, “viscous” accretion disk theory. Only MHD processes seem capable of providing a physical basis for α disk theory. Nonmagnetic processes remain a viable transport option, but are likely to be wavelike, not turbulent, and have very different dissipational properties from α disks.
The Role of Mitotic Slippage in Creating a “Female Pregnancy-like System” in a Single Polyploid Giant Cancer Cell

In our recent work, we observed that triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells respond to doxorubicin (DOX) via “mitotic slippage” (MS), discarding cytosolic damaged DNA during the process that provides their resistance to this genotoxic treatment. We also noted two populations of polyploid giant cells: those budding surviving offspring, versus those reaching huge ploidy by repeated MS and persisting for several weeks. Their separate roles in the recovery from treatment remained unclear. The current study was devoted to characterising the origin and relationship of these two sub-populations in the context of MS. MS was hallmarked by the emergence of nuclear YAP1/OCT4A/MOS/EMI2-positivity featuring a soma-germ transition to the meiotic-metaphase-arrested “maternal germ cell”. In silico, the link between modules identified in the inflammatory innate immune response to cytosolic DNA and the reproductive module of female pregnancy (upregulating placenta developmental genes) was observed in polyploid giant cells. Asymmetry of the two subnuclei types, one repairing DNA and releasing buds enriched by CDC42/ACTIN/TUBULIN and the other persisting and degrading DNA in a polyploid giant cell, was revealed. We propose that when arrested in MS, a “maternal cancer germ cell” may be parthenogenetically stimulated by the placental proto-oncogene parathyroid-hormone-like-hormone, increasing calcium, thus creating a ”female pregnancy-like” system within a single polyploid giant cancer cell.
CONTROL OF THE LIGHTING SYSTEM USING A GENETIC ALGORITHM

The manufacturing, distribution and use of electricity are of fundamental importance for the social life and they have the biggest influence on the environment associated with any human activity. The energy needed for building lighting makes up 20-40% of the total consumption. This paper displays the development of the mathematical model and genetic algorithm for the control of dimmable lighting on problems of regulating the level of internal lighting and increase of energetic efficiency using daylight. A series of experiments using the optimization algorithm on the the realized model confirmed very high savings in electricity consumption.
Effective Heart Disease Prediction Using Machine Learning Techniques

The diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular disease are crucial medical tasks to ensure correct classification, which helps cardiologists provide proper treatment to the patient. Machine learning applications in the medical niche have increased as they can recognize patterns from data. Using machine learning to classify cardiovascular disease occurrence can help diagnosticians reduce misdiagnosis. This research develops a model that can correctly predict cardiovascular diseases to reduce the fatality caused by cardiovascular diseases. This paper proposes a method of k-modes clustering with Huang starting that can improve classification accuracy. The underlying model applies DBSCAN to remove outliers. Models such as random forest (RF), decision tree classifier (DT), multilayer perceptron (MP), and XGBoost (XGB) are used. GridSearchCV was used to hypertune the parameters of the applied model to optimize the result. The proposed model is applied to a real-world dataset of 70,000 instances from Kaggle. Models were trained on data that were split in 80:20 and achieved accuracy as follows: decision tree: 86.37% (with cross-validation) and 86.53% (without cross-validation), XGBoost: 86.87% (with cross-validation) and 87.02% (without cross-validation), random forest: 87.05% (with cross-validation) and 86.92% (without cross-validation), multilayer perceptron: 87.28% (with cross-validation) and 86.94% (without cross-validation). The proposed models have AUC (area under the curve) values: decision tree: 0.94, XGBoost: 0.95, random forest: 0.95, multilayer perceptron: 0.95. The conclusion drawn from this underlying research is that multilayer perceptron with cross-validation has outperformed all other algorithms in terms of accuracy. It achieved the highest accuracy of 87.28%.
Innovative solutions in last mile delivery: concepts, practices, challenges, and future directions

ABSTRACT In the last decade, e-commerce has been growing consistently. Fostered by the covid pandemic, online retail has grown exponentially, particularly in industries including food, clothing, groceries, and many others. This growth in online retailing activities has raised critical logistic challenges, especially in the last leg of the distribution, commonly referred to as the Last Mile. For instance, traditional truck-based home delivery has reached its limit within metropolitan areas and can no longer be an effective delivery method. Driven by technological progress, several other logistic solutions have been deployed as innovative alternatives to deliver parcels. This includes delivery by drones, smart parcel stations, robots, and crowdsourcing, among others. In this setting, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive review and analysis of the latest trends in last-mile delivery solutions from both industry and academic perspectives (see Figure 1 for overview). We use a content analysis literature review to analyse over 80 relevant publications, derive the necessary features of the latest innovation in the last mile delivery, and point out their different maturity levels and the related theoretical and operational challenges.
A NEW ORBIT FOR THE RS CANUM VENATICORUM BINARY SIGMA GEMINORUM

A new precise orbit has been determined for the binary Sigma Gem based on 91 high-resolution Reticon spectra obtained at the Ritter Observatory and the National Solar observatory. The error in the orbital period is smaller than that of the Luyten (1936) values by more than a factor of 10. The low value obtained for the orbital eccentricity indicates that the orbit may be circular. No evidence for period changes is found.
Recent Developments in the Navier-Stokes Problem

INTRODUCTION What is this Book About? SOME RESULTS OF REAL HARMONIC ANALYSIS Real Interpolation, Lorentz Spaces, and Sobolev Embedding Besov Spaces and Littlewood-Paley Decomposition Shift-Invariant Banach Spaces of Distributions and Related Besov Spaces Vector-Valued Integrals Complex Interpolation, Hardy Space, and Calderon-Zygmund Operators Vector-Valued Singular Integrals A Primer to Wavelets Wavelets and Functional Spaces The Space BMO A GENERAL FRAMEWORK FOR SHIFT-INVARIANT ESTIMATES FOR THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS Weak Solutions for the Navier-Stokes Equations Divergence-Free Vector Wavelets The Mollified Navier-Stokes Equations CLASSICAL EXISTENCE RESULTS FOR THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS The Leray Solutions for the Navier-Stokes Equations Kato's Mild Solutions for the Navier-Stokes Equations NEW APPROACHES OF MILD SOLUTIONS The Mild Solutions of Koch and Tataru: The Space BMO-1 Generalization of the Lp Theory: Navier-Stokes and Local Measures Further Results on Local Measures Regular Initial Values Besov Spaces of Negative Order Pointwise Multipliers of Negative Order Further Adapted Spaces for the Navier-Stokes Equations Cannone's Approach of Self-Similarity DECAY AND REGULARITY RESULTS FOR WEAK AND MILD SOLUTIONS Space-Analytic Solutions of the Navier-Stokes Equations Space Localization and Navier-Stokes Equations Time Decay for the Solutions to the Navier-Stokes Equations Uniqueness of Ld Solutions Further Results on Uniqueness of Mild Solutions Stability and Lyapunov Functionals LOCAL ENERGY INEQUALITIES FOR THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS ON R3 The Caffarelli, Kohn, and Nirenberg Regularity Criterion On the Dimension of the Set of Singular Points Local Existence (in Time) of Suitable Locally Square Integrable Weak Solutions Global Existence of Suitable Locally Square Integrable Weak Solutions Leray's Conjecture on Self-Similar Singularities CONCLUSION Singular Initial Values REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX NOMINUM INDEX RERUM
Shock Location in Front of a Sphere as a Measure of Real Gas Effects

Spheres were fired at supersonic speeds into monatomic gases and into chlorine gas. The position of the shock wave which forms in front of the sphere depends on the Mach number and gas state before and after crossing the shock wave. Measurements of position made in monatomic gases agree fairly well with aerodynamic theory. As the shock position depends on the actual gas state attained, and thus molecular excitation times, measurements in more complicated gases than a monatomic gas can give information as to amount and rates of excitation. The vibrational energy excitation in chlorine was singled out for study. This excitation involves a well‐known rate process. By carrying out shock position measurements at several different pressures, it is possible to infer the order of magnitude of the vibrational relaxation time in chlorine; the present results are in agreement with shock tube measurements of the relaxation time.