Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanism for drop formation on a coated vertical fibre

Rayleigh instability on an axisymmetric viscous film around a vertical fibre produces localized wave structures (pulses) on a flat substrate film that can grow by an order of magnitude to form large capillary drops. We show that this drop formation process is driven by a unique mechanism in the form of an ever-growing pulse which leaves behind a trailing film thinner than the one it advances into. In addition to accumulating liquid from the film, the growing pulse also captures smaller and slower pulses in coalescence cascades. We construct this supercritical growing pulse by matched asymptotics and show that it will eventually evolve into a capillary drop if the local film thickness h is larger than hc=1.68R3H−2 where R is the fibre radius and H the capillary length. We also show that subcritical pulses with h<hc will equilibrate into stationary pulses that do not grow or coalesce readily to form drops.
Antimicrobial Peptides and Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Non-Antibiotic Membrane-Targeting Strategies Against Bacterial Infections

Abstract The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been rising quickly in recent years. AMR has emerged as a significant obstacle to the treatment of infectious diseases, and many attempts have been made over the past decades to find the best antimicrobials to overcome it. Therefore, it is crucial to find new medicines to combat the global rise of AMR. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), which target membranes, are promising antibiotic substitutes. AMPs and CPPs are short amino acid sequences with antibacterial activity as well as possible therapeutic benefits. In this review, we provide a thorough and systematic introduction to the advancement of research on AMPs and CPPs, including information on their classification, mechanism of action, current state of application, limitations and optimization.
Optimal placement of sensor and actuator for controlling the piecewise linear Chua circuit via a discretized controller

Controlling the dynamics of chaotic systems is a task which is often addressed in an empirical way, particularly for placing sensors and actuators. Here, we show that selecting the measured variable and placing the actuator can be guided by considering the observability and controllability symbolic coefficients and applying the notion of flatness. This approach is here demonstrated on the piecewise linear Chua circuit, whose specific features are leveraged in constructing a discretized controller with a switch mechanism and optimally placed sensor and actuator. The feedback linearization is compared to a homogeneous and a passivity-based control laws, the flat control laws being more efficient than the others. It is thus shown that the proposed flat control law by feedback linearization is very efficient. The continuous time and discretized Chua circuit, governed by differential and difference equations, respectively, are treated. Most likely, these results could be extendable to a large group of natural and experimental systems.
A STUDY ON THE STABILITY OF THE PROBIT-BASED MULTI-MODAL TRANSPORT ASSIGNMENT MODEL

In this study, the properties on perturbation stability of stochastic dynamic processes are provided. The probit based multi-modal transport assignment model considered in this paper can have multiple equilibria because of the asymmetric link disutility functions. An examination on the uniqueness and stability of the multi-modal transport assignment model is carried out by using a simple example. The demand on a single OD pair is assumed to choose between bus and auto depending on their disutility functions. The examination is carried out by assuming the interaction effect of the road congestion caused by autos and buses. As the results, the following three findings are obtained: (i) if the condition on the uniqueness of solution is violated, in general, there are three solutions; (ii) one of three solutions is stable in terms of perturbation stability; and (iii) the trajectory of dynamic system is determined by the domains where each equilibrium dominates.
Estimation of Spatial Features in 3-D-Sensor Network Using Multiple LiDARs for Indoor Monitoring

In recent years, smart city has been attracting attention as sustainable urban development. Smart monitoring is one of the key components of a smart city, and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor is used as one of the sensors for smart monitoring. A 3-D sensor network using multiple LiDAR sensors can be constructed to eliminate blind spots. Prior work presented a system that prioritizes transmission in important regions to prevent data loss in the case of bandwidth limitation. However, prior work has only presented transmission methods and has not shown how to estimate important regions in the point cloud space. This article proposes a system to estimate important regions using spatial features (SFs) created based on multiple spatial metrics. The important regions vary from task to task, and in particular, for the task of detecting moving objects, the important regions are the spaces where the moving objects may be located. The accuracy of estimation can be improved by creating SFs based on more spatial metrics. This article addresses two kinds of spatial metrics, temporal metrics, and statistical metrics. In this work, we collect point cloud data using multiple LiDAR sensors and produce datasets with labels for evaluation. Using datasets, we validate the proposed system in terms of the accuracy of SF estimation.
Genome-Wide Investigation of Apyrase (APY) Genes in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and Functional Characterization of a Pod-Abundant Expression Promoter AhAPY2-1p

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important food and feed crop worldwide and is affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses. The cellular ATP levels decrease significantly during stress as ATP molecules move to extracellular spaces, resulting in increased ROS production and cell apoptosis. Apyrases (APYs) are the nucleoside phosphatase (NPTs) superfamily members and play an important role in regulating cellular ATP levels under stress. We identified 17 APY homologs in A. hypogaea (AhAPYs), and their phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, putative miRNAs targeting different AhAPYs, cis-regulatory elements, etc., were studied in detail. The transcriptome expression data were used to observe the expression patterns in different tissues and under stress conditions. We found that the AhAPY2-1 gene showed abundant expression in the pericarp. As the pericarp is a key defense organ against environmental stress and promoters are the key elements regulating gene expression, we functionally characterized the AhAPY2-1 promoter for its possible use in future breeding programs. The functional characterization of AhAPY2-1P in transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed that it effectively regulated GUS gene expression in the pericarp. GUS expression was also detected in flowers of transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Overall, these results strongly suggest that APYs are an important future research subject for peanut and other crops, and AhPAY2-1P can be used to drive the resistance-related genes in a pericarp-specific manner to enhance the defensive abilities of the pericarp.
NAD+ Synthetase is Required for Free-living and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in the Actinobacterium Frankia casuarinae

Frankia spp. are multicellular actinobacteria that fix atmospheric dinitrogen (N2) not only in the free-living state, but also in root-nodule symbioses with more than 200 plant species, called actinorhizal plants. To identify novel Frankia genes involved in N2 fixation, we previously isolated mutants of Frankia casuarinae that cannot fix N2. One of these genes, mutant N3H4, did not induce nodulation when inoculated into the host plant Casuarina glauca. Cell lineages that regained the ability to fix N2 as free-living cells were isolated from the mutant cell population. These restored strains also regained the ability to stimulate nodulation. A comparative analysis of the genomes of mutant N3H4 and restored strains revealed that the mutant carried a mutation (Thr584Ile) in the glutamine-dependent NAD+ synthetase gene (Francci3_3146), while restored strains carried an additional suppressor mutation (Asp478Asn) in the same gene. Under nitrogen-depleted conditions, the concentration of NAD(H) was markedly lower in the mutant strain than in the wild type, whereas it was higher in restored strains. These results indicate that glutamine-dependent NAD+ synthetase plays critical roles in both free-living and symbiotic N2 fixation in Frankia.
Beampattern Synthesis Based on Novel Receive Delay Array for Mainlobe Interference Mitigation

This article investigates beampattern synthesis methods based on a novel receive delay array (RDA) to mitigate interferences located in the mainlobe of the beampattern. In our system design, the RDA is developed by transmitting a stepped frequency linear frequency modulation waveform and delaying the received echo with a small time offset between adjacent receive antenna elements. In doing so, a range-angle-dependent beampattern is obtained in the joint transmit–receive spatial domain. A two-stage beamforming scheme, including the equivalent data-independent transmit beamforming and dimension-reduced data-dependent receive beamforming, is then proposed to mitigate mainlobe interferences. Furthermore, according to the adaptive array theory, by designing a transmit weight vector dependent on the interference steering vector, two beampattern synthesis algorithms are developed, respectively, based on the maximum gain and minimum deviation to adjust multiple responses of the transmit beampattern precisely. The mainlobe of the receive beampattern is also broadened with the use of the derivative constraint. By combining the devised transmit and receive weight vectors, a 2-D joint transmit–receive beampattern with a flat-top mainlobe and broadened nulls can be formed, where the interferences are mitigated against the direction-of-arrival (DOA) mismatch. Theoretical and practical analyses and parametric studies are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed beampattern synthesis methods in mitigating mainlobe interferences.
Lipopolysaccharide Activating NF-kB Signaling by Regulates HTRA1 Expression in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

Inflammation and elevated expression of high temperature requirement A serine peptidase 1 (HTRA1) are known high risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, the specific mechanism that HTRA1 causes AMD and the relationship between HTRA1 and inflammation remains unclear. We found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation enhanced the expression of HTRA1, NF-κB, and p-p65 in ARPE-19 cells. Overexpression of HTRA1 up-regulated NF-κB expression, and on the other hand knockdown of HTRA1 down-regulated the expression of NF-κB. Moreover, NF-κB siRNA has no significant effect on the expression of HTRA1, suggesting HTRA1 works upstream of NF-κB. These results demonstrated that HTRA1 plays a pivotal role in inflammation, explaining possible mechanism of overexpressed HTRA1-induced AMD. Celastrol, a very common anti-inflammatory and antioxidant drug, was found to suppress inflammation by inhibiting phosphorylation of p65 protein efficaciously in RPE cells, which may be applied to the therapy of age-related macular degeneration.
Secondary Instabilities in Breaking Inertia-Gravity Waves

AbstractThe three-dimensionalization of turbulence in the breaking of nearly vertically propagating inertia–gravity waves is investigated numerically using singular vector analysis applied to the Boussinesq equations linearized about three two-dimensional time-dependent basic states obtained from nonlinear simulations of breaking waves: a statically unstable wave perturbed by its leading transverse normal mode, the same wave perturbed by its leading parallel normal mode, and a statically stable wave perturbed by a leading transverse singular vector. The secondary instabilities grow through interaction with the buoyancy gradient and velocity shear in the basic state. Which growth mechanism predominates depends on the time-dependent structure of the basic state and the wavelength of the secondary perturbation. The singular vectors are compared to integrations of the linear model using random initial conditions, and the leading few singular vectors are found to be representative of the structures that emerge.
Manipulation of Oxidative Stress Responses by Non-Thermal Plasma to Treat Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection and Disease

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a contagious pathogen with a large global footprint, due to its ability to cause lifelong infection in patients. Current antiviral therapies are effective in limiting viral replication in the epithelial cells to alleviate clinical symptoms, but ineffective in eliminating latent viral reservoirs in neurons. Much of HSV-1 pathogenesis is dependent on its ability to manipulate oxidative stress responses to craft a cellular environment that favors HSV-1 replication. However, to maintain redox homeostasis and to promote antiviral immune responses, the infected cell can upregulate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) while having a tight control on antioxidant concentrations to prevent cellular damage. Non-thermal plasma (NTP), which we propose as a potential therapy alternative directed against HSV-1 infection, is a means to deliver RONS that affect redox homeostasis in the infected cell. This review emphasizes how NTP can be an effective therapy for HSV-1 infections through the direct antiviral activity of RONS and via immunomodulatory changes in the infected cells that will stimulate anti-HSV-1 adaptive immune responses. Overall, NTP application can control HSV-1 replication and address the challenges of latency by decreasing the size of the viral reservoir in the nervous system.
Propagation in a warm collisional magnetoplasma enclosed in a conducting cylinder

A study is presented of the propagation of electron plasma waves in a warm collisional plasma filling a conducting cylinder and magnetized strongly in the axial direction, the plasma parameters being taken to be such that the electron-ion collision is the dominant damping process. The attenuation and phase constants are derived in suitably normalized form by using the electrodynamic method. The dispersion and attenuation characteristics for propagation in the lowest order mode in a hydrogen plasma are obtained for various values of the normalized plasma radius alpha omega /sub pe//c, the electron temperature and electron density being held constant, and the characteristics are compared with those given by the usual quasi-static approximation, which is found to be valid only if alpha omega /sub pe//c >
Electric currents in the ionosphere - The atmospheric dynamo

Assuming semi-diurnal tidal air flow a solution is made of the atmospheric dynamo problem, taking account both of the direct and transverse conductivities of the ionosphere. The spherical sheet ionosphere is divided into three regions, a narrow equatorial zone, and two wide polar caps, taking appropriate constant conductivities in each region. The current system is similar in shape and phase to that derived on the assumption of uniform (direct) isotropic conductivity, but is considerably more intense than that which would be obtained without the existence of transverse (Hall) conductivity. The electric field system is very different, however, from that derived on this (isotropic) assumption. An abnormally large east-west current is found at the equator, which appears to provide the explanation of the anomalous magnetic variation in this region. Curves are given showing the distribution of the field and current components.
Microspherical Photonics: Ultra-High Resonant Propulsion Forces

In 1977, Arthur Ashkin and Joseph M. Dziedzic demonstrated that optical forces possess narrow spectral peaks determined by the internal resonances in microdroplets. These resonant optical forces open up a unique way of high-volume sorting of nearly identical “photonic atoms,” which may be used as building blocks for coupled-cavity structures and devices. However, to date, only relatively subtle resonant effects have been observed.
Fast optimal algorithms for the minimum rectilinear Steiner arborescence problem

In this paper, we present two optimal algorithms for solving the Minimum Rectilinear Steiner Arborescence (MRSA) Problem. The first algorithm is a recursive branch-and-bound variant of the RSA heuristic by Rao et al. (1992). The second algorithm uses dynamic programming to avoid solving the same subproblem more than once. Furthermore, both algorithms can be generalized to solve the All-Quadrant MRSA Problem. Extensive experimental results show that our algorithms significantly outperform existing exact methods for solving the MRSA problem.
Quasiparticle density of states in superconducting alloys with localized states within the gap

We present results of real-frequency-axis strong-coupling calculations for the quasiparticle density of states of superconducting alloys with localized states within the energy gap. These states arise from spin-flip scattering by paramagnetic impurities treated within the T-matrix approach of Rusinov and Shiba. Comparison of our results with previous imaginary-frequency-axis Eliashberg calculation and with the results of BCS-theory calculations reveals differences in the predicted structures within and near the main gap edge. It is also found that the quasiparticle density of states in the phonon energy range is strongly affected by the impurities.
Unsteady Aerodynamics and Interactions Between a High-Pressure Turbine Vane and Rotor

A set of experimental data is presented investigating the unsteady aerodynamics associated with a high pressure turbine vane (HPV) and rotor blade (HPB). The data was acquired at the Turbine Research Facility (TRF) of the Air Force Research Laboratory. The TRF is a transient, blowdown facility generating several seconds of experimental data on full scale engine hardware at scaled turbine operating conditions simulating an actual engine environment. The pressure ratio and freestream Reynolds number were varied for this investigation. Surface unsteady pressure measurements on the HPV, total pressure traverse measurements downstream of the vane, and surface unsteady pressure measurements for the rotor blade were obtained. The unsteady content of the HPV sur-face was generated by the rotor potential field. The first harmonic decayed more rapidly than the second harmonic with a movement upstream causing the second harmonic to be most influential at the vane throat. The blade unsteadiness appears to be caused by a combination of shock, potential field, and vane wake interactions between the vane and rotor blade. The revolution averaged data resulted in higher unsteadiness than a passing ensemble average for both vane and rotor indicating a need to understand each passage for high cycle fatigue (HCF) effects.
Personalized HRTF prediction based on LightGBM using anthropometric data

This paper proposes a personalized head-related transfer function (HRTF) prediction method based on LightGBM using anthropometric data. Considering the overfitting problems of the current training-based prediction methods, we use LightGBM and a specific network structure to prevent over-fitting and enhance the prediction performance. By decomposing and combining the data to be predicted, we set up 90 LightGBM models to separately predict the 90 instants of HRTF in log domain. At the same time, the method of 10-fold cross-validation is used to score the accuracy of the model. For models with scores below 80 points, Bayesian optimization is used to adjust model hyperparameters to obtain a better model structure. The results obtained by LightGBM are evaluated with spectral distortion (SD) which can show the fitting error between the prediction and the original data. The mean SD values of both ears on the whole test set are 2.32 dB and 2.28 dB respectively. Compared with the non-linear regression method and the latest method, SD value of LightGBM-based method relatively decreases by 83.8% and 48.5%.
The dynamical stresses produced in a thick plate by the action of surface forces

The first discussion of the propagation of elastic waves in a thick plate was given by Lamb [1] for the two-dimensional problem of a harmonic wave travelling in a direction parallel to the medial plane of the plate. Lamb derived equations relating the thickness of the plate to the phase velocities of two types of wave, one symmetric with respect to the medial plane and the other antisymmetric. The symmetric modes of propagation introduced by Lamb have been studied by Holden [2] and the antisymmetric modes have been studied by Osborne and Hart [3]. More recently Pursey [4] has shown how the amplitude of the disturbance is related to a given distribution of stress, varying harmonically with time, applied to the free surfaces of the plate; two types of source are considered by Pursey, one producing a two-dimensional field of the Lamb type, and the other having circular symmetry about an axis normal to the surface of the plate.
Hardy's Uncertainty Principle on Certain Lie Groups

A theorem due to Hardy states that, if f is a function on R such that |f(x)|⩽Ce−α|x|2 for all x in R and |f^(ξ)|⩽Ce‐β|(ξ)|2 for all ξ in R, where α > 0, β > 0, and αβ > 1/4, then f = 0. A version of this celebrated theorem is proved for two classes of Lie groups: two‐step nilpotent Lie groups and harmonic NA groups, the latter being a generalisation of noncompact rank‐1 symmetric spaces. In the first case the group Fourier transformation is considered; in the second case an analogue of the Helgason–Fourier transformation for symmetric spaces is considered.
Domain decomposition algorithms

Domain decomposition refers to divide and conquer techniques for solving partial differential equations by iteratively solving subproblems defined on smaller subdomains. The principal advantages include enhancement of parallelism and localized treatment of complex and irregular geometries, singularities and anomalous regions. Additionally, domain decomposition can sometimes reduce the computational complexity of the underlying solution method. In this article, we survey iterative domain decomposition techniques that have been developed in recent years for solving several kinds of partial differential equations, including elliptic, parabolic, and differential systems such as the Stokes problem and mixed formulations of elliptic problems. We focus on describing the salient features of the algorithms and describe them using easy to understand matrix notation. In the case of elliptic problems, we also provide an introduction to the convergence theory, which requires some knowledge of finite element spaces and elementary functional analysis.