Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
To Correlate the Expression of KRAS and BRAF V600e with Histological Grades and Variants in Tissue Samples of Colorectal Carcinoma

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to correlate the expression of KRAS and BRAF V600E with histological grades and variants in tissue samples of colorectal carcinoma.METHODOLOGY In this cross-sectional study total of 51 cases of Colorectal cancer (CRC) were analyzed for immunohistochemical staining using KRAS and BRAF antibodies on representative tissue blocks. Clinical and pathological records were retrieved for the collection of data. The results of the immunohistochemical analysis were correlated with the recorded clinicopathological parameters.RESULTSFifty-one cases of CRC were analyzed for immunoexpression of KRAS and BRAF V600E. The age of the patients ranged from 14 to 85 years, with a mean age of 60.96 years. Among the 51 cases, 37(72.5%) cases were males and 14(27.4%) were females. 37(72.5%) were localized to left side colon and 14(27.4%) were found in the right colon. For KRAS immunostaining, 41(80.3%) out of 51 cases showed overexpression, while the remaining 10(19.6%) cases revealed negative expression. In the case of BRAF V600E, positive expression was seen in 20(39.2%) cases, whereas 31(60.7%) cases showed negative expression of BRAFV600E. A significant association was seen between KRAS overexpression and histological variants, i.e. glandular carcinomas. CONCLUSIONOver-expression of KRAS was observed in advanced tumors. The presence of BRAF V600E mutation in the present study signifies the importance of BRAF V600E inhibitors as a potential alternate therapeutic tool in EGFR inhibitors and chemotherapy-resistant tumors.
Robust Estimators of Scale and Location Parameter Using Matlab

In this paper an attempt has been made to analyze the data for the specific distributions and estimated the values of robust estimators under scale, shape and location parameter using MATLAB software. The concept of outliers and their effect on these estimators have also discussed in the scale and location parameter which are used in the Normal, Exponential and Poisson distribution.
200 mm wafer-scale epitaxial transfer of single crystal Si on glass by anodic bonding of silicon-on-insulator wafers

We report a low-temperature (350 °C) anodic bonding followed by grind/etch-back method for a 200 mm wafer-scale epitaxial transfer of ultrathin (1.9 kA) single crystalline Si on Pyrex glass. Standard back-end-of-line 3 kA SiN/3 kA undoped silicon glass passivating films were used as the buffer layers between the silicon-on-insulator wafer and the glass wafer. The quality and strain-free state of the transferred transparent Si film to glass was characterized by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and high-resolution XRD. Complete removal of the bulk Si after bonding was ascertained by Auger electron spectroscopy spectra and depth profiling. Strong adhesion between the transferred film and the glass wafer was verified by standard tape adhesion tests. This process will pave the way for future generations of Si-based microelectronics including bioelectronics.
The Effect of Different Obturation Techniques in Primary Teeth on the Apical Microleakage using Endoflas: A Comparative In Vitro Study

Objectives This study was carried out to quantitatively evaluate and compare the sealing ability of Endoflas by using different obturation techniques. Materials and Methods After 42 extracted primary maxillary incisors and canines were decoronated, their canals were instrumented with K files of size ranging from #15 to #50. In accordance with the obturation technique, the samples were divided into three experimental groups, namely, group I: endodontic pressure syringe, group II: modified disposable syringe, and group III: reamer technique, and two control groups. Dye extraction method was used for leakage evaluation. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett's T3 post hoc tests. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Endodontic pressure syringe had significantly less leakage than the modified disposable syringe and reamer techniques (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, no significant difference was found in the mean leakage between the modified disposable syringe and the reamer techniques. Conclusion Amongst all the techniques used in this study, endodontic pressure syringe could be preferred as an obturation technique in primary teeth when used with Endoflas obturation material because of its potential to provide good apical seal.
A preliminary study of a mhd model in the adaptive multiresolution context

On this work we present an adaptive bi-dimensional ideal magneto hydrodynamics (MHD) model using finite volume discretization, in the context of wavelet analysis. The goal of this work is to present some new results of the divergence cleaning techniques we are using concerning to the divergence of magnetic field, conservative properties of the model and computational costs.
One Dimensional Viscous Conservation Laws with Discontinuous Initial Data(Mathematical Analysis in Fluid and Gas Dynamics)

I summarize the results concerning the existence and the decay rates obtained for the viscous conservation laws with discontinuous initial data. An interesting case is the hyperbolic-parabolic case where the system contains both hyperbolic equations and parabolic equations. What we consider is the initial value problem where there is a discontinuity in the initial data at $x=0$ . It is well-known that the discontinuities in the initial data persist along $x=0$ for $t>0$ . To study the decay rates we use the Laplace and inverse transforms to obtain the solution representations, which involve the Green functions. We first apply the Laplace transform to obtain a system of ordinary differential equations for $x>0$ and $x<0$ . We use the Rankine-Hugoniot conditions as the boundary conditions to solve the system of ordinary differential equations. Then, the inverse Laplace transform is applied to obtain the solution representations, from which we obtain the existence and the decay rates of solutions. There are numerous results for the viscous conservation laws with smooth initial data. On the other hand, there are only a few results with discontinuous initial data. Hoff [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] studied the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. Hoff and Khodja [6] and Pego [17] discussed the nonmonotone case. Using the Green’s functions to study the existence, stability, or decay rates of solutions is widely practiced. Kawashima
A General Architecture for a Trustworthy Creditworthiness-Assessment Platform in the Financial Domain

The financial domain is making huge advancements thanks to the exploitation of artificial intelligence. As an example, the credit-worthiness-assessment task is now strongly based on Machine Learning algorithms that make decisions independently from humans. Several studies showed remarkable improvement in reliability, customer care, and return on investment. Nonetheless, many users remain sceptical since they perceive the whole as only partially transparent. The trust in the system decision, the guarantee of fairness in the decision-making process, the explanation of the reasons behind the decision are just some of the open challenges for this task. Moreover, from the financial institution's perspective, another compelling problem is credit-repayment monitoring. Even here, traditional models (e.g., credit scorecards) and machine learning models can help the financial institution in identifying, at an early stage, customers that will fall into default on payments. The monitoring task is critical for the debt-repayment success of identifying bad debtors or simply users who are momentarily in difficulty. The financial institution can thus prevent possible defaults and, if possible, meet the debtor's needs. In this work, the authors propose an architecture for a Creditworthiness-Assessment duty that can meet the transparency needs of the customers while monitoring the credit-repayment risk. This preliminary study carried out an experimental evaluation of the component devoted to the credit-score computation and monitoring credit repayments. The study shows that the authors’ architecture can be an effective tool to improve current Credit-scoring systems. Combining a static and a subsequent dynamic approach can correct mistakes made in the first phase and foil possible false positives for good creditors.
Absence of long-range chemical ordering in equimolar FeCoCrNi

Equimolar FeCoCrNi alloys have been the topic of recent research as “high-entropy alloys,” where the name is derived from the high configurational entropy of mixing for a random solid solution. Despite their name, no systematic study of ordering in this alloy system has been performed to date. Here, we present results from anomalous x-ray scattering and neutron scattering on quenched and annealed samples. An alloy of FeNi3 was prepared in the same manner to act as a control. Evidence of long-range chemical ordering is clearly observed in the annealed FeNi3 sample from both experimental techniques. The FeCoCrNi sample given the same heat treatment lacks long-range chemical order.
Periodization in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rehabilitation: New Framework Versus Old Model? A Clinical Commentary

The physiological and psychological changes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) do not always allow a return to sport in the best condition and at the same level as before. Moreover, the number of significant re-injuries, especially in young athletes should be considered and physical therapists must develop rehabilitation strategies and increasingly specific and ecological test batteries to optimize safe return to play. The return to sport and return to play of athletes after ACLR must progress through the recovery of strength, neuromotor control, and include cardiovascular training while considering different psychological aspects. Because motor control seems to be the key to a safe return to sport, it should be associated with the progressive development of strength, and cognitive abilities should also be considered throughout rehabilitation. Periodization, the planned manipulation of training variables (load, sets, and repetitions) to maximize training adaptations while minimizing fatigue and injury, is relevant to the optimization of muscle strengthening, athletic qualities, and neurocognitive qualities of athletes during rehabilitation after ACLR. Periodized programming utilizes the principle of overload, whereby the neuromuscular system is required to adapt to unaccustomed loads. While progressive loading is a well-established and widely used concept for strengthening, the variance of volume and intensity makes periodization effective for improving athletic skills and attributes, such as muscular strength, endurance, and power, when compared with non-periodized training. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to broadly apply concepts of periodization to rehabilitation after ACLR.
Height-Diameter Prediction Models for Some Utilitarian Natural Tree Species

This paper is a continuation of a previous paper presented by the same group in 2012. It developed and evaluated the performance of seventeen functional models that predict total tree height from diameter at breast height of five selected utilitarian natural tree species common to savannah region of the Sudan. These include Combretum micranthum, Lannea fruticosa, Sterculia setigera, Terminalia brownii, and Terminalia laxiflora. A total of 2579 tree heights and corresponding diameters at breast heights were extracted from a working plan inventory data of a natural reserved forest in the Blue Nile state. The model goodness of fit were evaluated in terms of adjusted coefficient of determination (Ra 2 ), root mean squared error (RMSE), Akaike's information criterion (AIC), homogeneity of the residuals and significance of the regression parameters. The results of the study indicated that the height-diameter relationship can best be described by non-linear models. Out of the evaluated models, at least 15 models were found to give reasonable results for each species with Ra 2 range of 0.20 - 0.87 and RMSE of 0.8 - 4.2 m. The number of free model parameters was found to have little or no significant influence on the ranking of the model performance. The best five models for each species and their ranking in terms of goodness of fit differ from species to another with each species having different combination of models. Comparison of the range of data for the five studied species suggested that representation of various diameter-height classes had significant influence on the accuracy of prediction outside the range of the fitted data. This implies that application of the selected models is only useful at local stand level or at best in similar biological and stand structure conditions.
A Comparative Study on Motion Characteristics of Three Two-Degree-of-Freedom Pointing Mechanisms

Two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) pointing mechanisms have been widely used in areas such as stabilized platforms, tracking devices, etc. Besides the commonly used serial gimbal structures, another two types of parallel pointing mechanisms, i.e., spherical parallel manipulators (SPMs) and equal-diameter spherical pure rolling (ESPR) parallel manipulators, are increasingly concerned. Although all these pointing mechanisms have two rotational DOFs, they exhibit very different motion characteristics. A typical difference existing in these three pointing mechanisms can be found from their characteristics of self-motion, also called spinning motion by the authors. In this paper, the spinning motions of three pointing mechanisms are modeled and compared via the graphical approach combined with the vector composition theorem. According to our study, the spinning motion is essentially one component of the moving platform's real rotation. Furthermore, image distortions caused by three spinning motions are identified and distinguished when the pointing mechanisms are used as tracking devices. Conclusions would facilitate the design and control of the pointing devices and potentially improve the measuring accuracy for targets pointing and tracking.
Complex differentiation tools for geophysical inversion

I propose a method for derivative approximation, virtually unknown in the geophysical literature but is rapidly gaining recognition in other areas of computational science. The technique, called the complex-step derivative (CSD), is based on the theory of complex variables and approximates first-order derivatives of real-valued functions that are analytic in the complex plane. I extend the CSD technique to second-order derivatives, while preserving the robustness of the first-order formula. Thus the formulas together provide a complete differentiation system (referred to as semiautomatic differentiation, or SD) that allows efficient and accurate approximation of gradients, Jacobians and Hessians, as well as 2D and 3D partial and cross-partial spatial derivatives. Performance evaluation tests indicate that in comparison with ordinary finite-difference schemes (FD), the SD scheme is six to eight orders of magnitude more accurate, numerically highly stable, and step-size insensitive, which are major advantages over FD. The method shares with FD its attractive feature of ease of implementation. The SD scheme is implemented in a MATLAB toolkit. The validity of the CSD method depends critically on the requirement that the target function of differentiation be analytic in the complex plane. Therefore, prior to using the CSD method, one must ensure that all functions in the complex library are defined so that they satisfy this requirement. Specialized complex-function libraries that resolve this and other technical issues for CSD applications are available in the public domain.
Filters of wavelets on invariant sets for image denoising

Aiming at overcoming the shortcomings of existing wavelet denoising methods, we propose an image denoising algorithm based on wavelets on invariant sets. These wavelets, in comparison with classical wavelets, have the following features: they have vanishing moments of a high order and at the same time a short filter length. Moreover, boundary extension normally required for classical wavelets in wavelet transformations is not needed for wavelets on invariant sets. We identify a class of discrete orthogonal transforms, such as the discrete cosine transform of the second type, the Hadamard transform, the Slant transform and the Hartley transform with the filters of wavelets on invariant sets. This viewpoint gives us an insightful understanding of these transforms in the framework of the multiscale analysis. In turn, it leads to more efficient algorithms to image denoising. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithm on images with varying noise levels. The numerical results show that our proposed algorithm offers effective noise removal in noisy images.
Carrier transport in laser heterostructures

We present two-dimensional numerical simulation of carrier transport in laser structures, which allows calculation of the efficiency of injected carrier consumption by the active region and the dependence of the laser current on applied voltage. It also allows calculation of the current, carrier, and potential distribution in a laser structure. This was done by use of PADRE, a program developed for the modeling of heterostructure electronic devices, which was supplemented with additional calculations of the laser optical properties. We applied this program to investigate the effect on the laser quantum efficiency of thermionic emission of electrons from the active layer. The temperature and current dependence of the laser internal quantum efficiency has been analyzed. This study allowed us to understand the performance of lasers with nearly ideal current-blocking structures. >
Arc spot formation on cold cathodes in high-intensity discharge lamps

Summary form only given, as follows. We present measurements of arc spot formation during the first 25 microseconds after breakdown by applying high voltage pulses at different currents to arc tubes containing either Ar-only or Ar and Hg vapor. This work has applications to HID lamp starting, since arc spot modes present difficult ballast conditions and can erode electrodes if condensed Hg is not present. Our results show that after breakdown and above a critical current level, the abnormal glow collapses to a low-voltage arc spot in less than a microsecond. Estimates of the critical cathode fields, based on measured abnormal glow I-V characteristics, were in the range of 2 × 10/sup 5/ V/cm. The fields were weakly dependent on buffer gas composition. Such fields require at least a factor of one hundred enhancement to reach the field-emission regime. High-speed imaging of the evolving spot confirmed the presence of a remnant abnormal glow emission during the first hundred nanoseconds after breakdown for the Ar-Hg case. Transient spectroscopic measurements of the cathode region and monochromatic high-speed imaging revealed the presence of strong Hg and Hg/sup +/ emissions in much less than one-microsecond in the Ar-Hg case. This suggests that ionized Hg vapor aids in the formation of the arc spot and sustains it. No W emissions were observed for this case. In the Ar-only discharge, W emissions evolved over many microseconds and had very low excitation temperatures. Thus while W was evaporated from the spot region, its role in forming the ionizable vapor for the arc spot in the Ar-only case was less clear. Finally, we discuss implications of this work on theories of arc spot formation and the electrode erosion.
Improved Minimax Estimators of Normal Convariance and Precision Matrices

In this paper we derive the best lower triangular equivariant estimators of the normal covariance matrix Σ and the precision matrix Σ-1 simultaneously. Our estimators are of the form , where Tis a lower triangular matrix and Dis a diagonal matrix of constants. We derive improved estimators which dominate . The risk of the derived estimators for p= 2 and 3 is also given.
Modelling of three‐dimensional current systems associated with magnetospheric substorms

Summary It is now well accepted that magnetic field perturbations associated with polar magnetic substorms can be modelled by a three-dimensional equivalent current loop involving an electrojet segment in the high-latitude ionosphere linked to the outer magnetosphere by currents flowing parallel to magnetic lines of force. In this paper we present techniques for quantitative evaluation of the magnetic field perturbation at any point in space outside of the region of current flow. The technique is developed using the Biot–Savart Law and analytical expressions for the three components (H, D, Z) of the magnetic perturbation at the Earth's surface are developed. Assuming the Earth to be represented by an infinitely conducting sphere covered by a perfect insulator to some arbitrary depth, the time independent induction problem is treated and analytical expressions for H, D, and Z corrected for Earth induction are developed. The modelling technique is applied to three substorm events and the results provide an accurate and comprehensive indicator of the character and spatial extent of the inducing current system associated with magnetospheric substorms.
A two-dimensional ensemble coding model for spatial-temporal transformation of saccades in monkey superior colliculus

Fast saccadic eye movements result from the recruitment of a large population of cells in the midbrain superior collicular (SC). The SC transmits its output, which represents a desired vectorial eye displacement in a topographically organized motor map, to horizontal and vertical eye velocity generators in the brainstem. It is generally agreed, that saccade generation is under continuous feedback control. An important problem for models of the saccadic system is, how the spatial representation of the SC output is transformed into the temporal code of brainstem cell population. This problem is even more intriguing, when the possibility is considered of a dynamic feedback loop which includes the SC. Recent experimental findings support such a possibility. In this paper we analyse the properties of a two-dimensional neural network model for the monkey SC, which incorporates a number of realistic features known from neurophysiology and, in addition, is part of the dynamic feedback loop for saccade generation.
Survey of applied ammonia mitigation technologies in the Hungarian pig production practice

: The Directive on National Emission Ceilings specifies the reduction of ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions among other air pollutants, which is most significant for the agricultural sector. The ammonia emission limit set for Hungary was a 10% reduction by 2020, while the target of 32% should be reached by 2030 compared to the 2005 reference year. The paper presents the results of a survey on pig production technology in Hungary from 97 domestic farms. The study aims to know the level of implementation of reduction techniques in livestock production and manure management and highlights the need for further improvements in this production sector. The research found that the application of ammonia reduction techniques was not considered widespread, either in livestock buildings or in manure storage (treatment) and during field application. For almost all (more than 90%) pig production groups, the housing systems were the reference without additional emission reduction. For manure storage, farms have insulated storage under the current regulation, however, significantly more emission reduction technologies were in the variant without cover or crust. Slurry spreading was mainly used with manure application techniques, but more emission-friendly injection and band spreading were also emerging. Besides