Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-Attentive Hawkes Processes

Asynchronous events on the continuous time domain, e.g., social media actions and stock transactions, occur frequently in the world. The ability to recognize occurrence patterns of event sequences is crucial to predict which typeof events will happen next and when. A de facto standard mathematical framework to do this is the Hawkes process. In order to enhance expressivity of multivariate Hawkes processes, conventional statistical methods and deep recurrent networks have been employed to modify its intensity function. The former is highly interpretable and requires small size of training data but relies on correct model design while the latter has less dependency on prior knowledge and is more powerful in capturing complicated patterns. We leverage pros and cons of these models and propose a self-attentive Hawkes process(SAHP). The proposed method adapts self-attention to fit the intensity function of Hawkes processes. This design has two benefits:(1) compared with conventional statistical methods, the SAHP is more powerful to identify complicated dependency relationships between temporal events; (2)compared with deep recurrent networks, the self-attention mechanism is able to capture longer historical information, and is more interpretable because the learnt attention weight tensor shows contributions of each historical event. Experiments on four real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Annexins in Adipose Tissue: Novel Players in Obesity

Obesity and the associated comorbidities are a growing health threat worldwide. Adipose tissue dysfunction, impaired adipokine activity, and inflammation are central to metabolic diseases related to obesity. In particular, the excess storage of lipids in adipose tissues disturbs cellular homeostasis. Amongst others, organelle function and cell signaling, often related to the altered composition of specialized membrane microdomains (lipid rafts), are affected. Within this context, the conserved family of annexins are well known to associate with membranes in a calcium (Ca2+)- and phospholipid-dependent manner in order to regulate membrane-related events, such as trafficking in endo- and exocytosis and membrane microdomain organization. These multiple activities of annexins are facilitated through their diverse interactions with a plethora of lipids and proteins, often in different cellular locations and with consequences for the activity of receptors, transporters, metabolic enzymes, and signaling complexes. While increasing evidence points at the function of annexins in lipid homeostasis and cell metabolism in various cells and organs, their role in adipose tissue, obesity and related metabolic diseases is still not well understood. Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is a potent pro-resolving mediator affecting the regulation of body weight and metabolic health. Relevant for glucose metabolism and fatty acid uptake in adipose tissue, several studies suggest AnxA2 to contribute to coordinate glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation and to associate with the fatty acid transporter CD36. On the other hand, AnxA6 has been linked to the control of adipocyte lipolysis and adiponectin release. In addition, several other annexins are expressed in fat tissues, yet their roles in adipocytes are less well examined. The current review article summarizes studies on the expression of annexins in adipocytes and in obesity. Research efforts investigating the potential role of annexins in fat tissue relevant to health and metabolic disease are discussed.
An empirical study on object-oriented software dependencies: logical, structural and semantic

Three of the most widely studied software dependency types are the structural, logical and semantic dependencies. Logical dependencies capture the degree of cochange between software artifacts. Semantic dependencies capture the degree to which artifacts, comments and names are related. Structural dependencies capture the dependencies in the source code of artifacts. Prior studies show that a combination of dependency analysis (e.g., semantic and logical analysis) improves accuracy when predicting which artifacts are likely to be impacted by ripple effects of software changes (though not to a large extent) compared to individual approaches. In addition, some dependencies could be hidden dependencies when an analysis of one dependency type (e.g., logical) does not reveal artifacts only linked by another dependency type (semantic). While previous studies have focused on combining dependency information with minimal benefits, this Thesis explores the consistency of these measurements, and whether hidden dependencies arise between artifacts, and in any of the axes studied. In this Thesis, 79 Java projects are empirically studied to investigate (i) the direct influence and the degree of overlap between dependency types on three axes (logical – structural (LSt); logical – semantic (LSe); structural – semantic (StSe)) (structural, logical and semantic), and (ii) the presence of hidden coupling on the axes. The results show that a high proportion of hidden dependencies can be detected on the LSt and StSe axes. Notwithstanding, the LSe axis shows a much smaller proportion of hidden dependencies. Practicable refactoring methods to mitigate hidden dependencies are proposed in the Thesis and discussed with examples.
Utilizing gastric cancer organoids to assess tumor biology and personalize medicine

While the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer (GC) have declined due to public health programs, it remains the third deadliest cancer worldwide. For patients with early disease, innovative endoscopic and complex surgical techniques have improved survival. However, for patients with advanced disease, there are limited treatment options and survival remains poor. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more effective therapies. Since novel therapies require extensive preclinical testing prior to human trials, it is important to identify methods to expedite this process. Traditional cancer models are restricted by the inability to accurately recapitulate the primary human tumor, exorbitant costs, and the requirement for extended periods of development time. An emerging in vitro model to study human disease is the patient-derived organoid, which is a three-dimensional system created from fresh surgical or biopsy tissues of a patient’s gastric tumor. Organoids are cultured in plastic wells and suspended in a gelatinous matrix, providing a substrate for extension and growth in all dimensions. They are rapid-growing and highly representative of the molecular landscape, histology, and morphology of the various subtypes of GC. Organoids uniquely model tumor initiation and growth, including steps taken by normal stomach cells to transform into invasive, intestinal-type tumor cells. Additionally, they provide ample material for biobanking and screening novel therapies. Lastly, organoids are a promising model for personalized therapy and warrant further investigation in drug sensitivity studies for GC patients.
Racial linked fate and gender in U.S. politics

The 2016 U.S. Presidential election was an important milestone for gender equality in politics, when for the first time a major political party ran a woman at the top of the ticket. Expectations for a “women’s vote” and strong support among female voters for the Democratic Party nominee Hillary Clinton ran high. Women outnumber men by more than 10 million voters in the U.S. electorate, with white women the largest group among female voters. Those hopes were dashed, however, upon Clinton’s loss to Trump in the Electoral College. The analysis of exit poll and survey data that followed showed that white women – the very demographic group for whom Mrs. Clinton was a racial and gender “descriptive” representative – supported the male presidential candidate by a majority (Junn 2017; Tien 2017; Frasure-Yokley 2018; Phillips 2017; Valentino, Wayne, and Oceno 2018). This pattern of support for Republican Party candidates among white female voters was far from an anomaly, because white women have been their stalwart supporters since the mid-twentieth Century. Instead, the shock and disappointment of political observers on the political left was based in the notion that female voters, and white women in particular, would feel a gendered linked fate with Clinton, and one that would not be in conflict with their racial identity to propel their support at the polls. After all, white women were the largest group of voters in the Obama coalition in 2008 and 2012, demonstrating that they would support a black male candidate for president. While it is true that white female voters made up the largest share of the pie, it is also simultaneously the case that white women supported the Republican Party candidates McCain and Romney by a majority in 2008 and 2012. In this important respect, 2016 was a typical election for women voters: women of color, and African American women in particular, overwhelmingly cast their ballots for the Democrat, while white women supported Trump by a majority. That these facts were revelations as opposed to predictable redundancies to scholars and political observers belies the prevalence and power of a simplified understanding of the concept of “linked fate” based in race and gender. The “quick addition” of gender and race in the form of a white female U.S. Presidential candidate, does not equal the intersectional location of voters based in race and gender. Instead, linked fate or group consciousness based in gender categorization and racial group membership reflects historically contingent positionality in the interlocking social systems of patriarchy and racial hierarchy in the United States. This perspective, clearly articulated by Hancock (2016), is rooted in the intellectual work of Black feminists. Michael Dawson’s 1994
EFFECTS OF REPEATED BLASTING ON A WOOD-FRAME HOUSE.

•. •. •. •. •. •. ••••. ••. •. ••. ••. •. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Introduction ••••. ••••. ••••••••• . Background . ••. •. •. ••. •. •. •. ••. ••. •. ••••. • • • • . • • • • • • · • • • • • • • • • • • • Origins of cracks . •. •. •. •. •. •. •. •. •. • • • • Rates of crack occurrences in residential structures ••••••••••••••••••••••••• Acknowledgments . ••. •. •. •. ••. •. •. •. ••. •. •. •. •. ••. ••. ••. • . • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • Experimental procedure • ••••. •••••. ••••. •. •••••. ••. •••. ••••. •. •. ••. •. •. ••. • Design and construction of test house•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Monitoring program ••. •. ••. •. •. •. ••. •. •. •. •. •. ••. •••. •••. •. •. •. •. Low-level blasting tests . •. ••. •. •. •. High-level blasting tests •••. •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •. Mechanical vibration tests••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Laboratory failure tests on wallboard and maeonry walls •••••••••••••••••••• Instrumentation and measurement~ at test house . •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Ground ·;i' . Wearh~r envi~onment. Household activities ••••••••••••••••••••• Structure vibration response ••••••••••••• . ~ . Set t 1 eme n t . •. ••. •. •. •. •. •. •. •. ••. •. •. •. •. •• • . •. • • • • • • • • • • • Static strain and deformation ••••••••••••••••. ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Dynamic strain ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••. ••. ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Visual inspection ••••••••••• ~···••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Results ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Structure response to natural phenomena •••. •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Response to daily environmental changes •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Response to monthly environmental changes •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Response to household activities ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Structure response to blast vibrations••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Shaker-induced response•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Cracking observed in test house•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Blast-induced cracking••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Shaker-induced cracking•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Long term cracking observations•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Summary and conclusions •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• References • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • • • • • Appendix A. --Failure of wallboard and masonry walls •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Appendix B. --Design details of test house••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
New fossil sea turtle trackway morphotypes from the Pleistocene of South Africa highlight role of ichnology in turtle paleobiology

Abstract More than 130 late Pleistocene trackway sites from the coastal eolianites and beach deposits of the Cape south coast, South Africa, have previously mostly yielded tracks of large mammals and birds. However, two sites east of Still Bay, and a third near Garden Route National Park, yield distinctive trackways of hatchling sea turtles, made during the short posthatching (postemergence) interval when the trackmakers headed for the sea. One assemblage of approximately parallel trackways indicates smaller loggerhead turtle hatchlings, with alternating gaits, and contrasts with a wider trackway indicating a leatherback turtle hatchling. These are the world's first reports of fossil traces that document this brief “run-for the-sea” phenomenon. They help delineate late Pleistocene sea turtle breeding ranges and indicate climatic conditions along the Cape south coast. Ichnotaxonomically defined swim tracks of large adult sea turtles are known from a few Mesozoic sites. Likewise, walking and swim traces of terrestrial freshwater turtles are also known from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. However, as no ichnotaxonomy exists for these diagnostic hatchling trails, we assign the trackways of the inferred loggerheads to the new ichnotaxon Australochelichnus agulhasii ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov., and the inferred leatherback trackway to Marinerichnus latus ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov.
Practice Under Pressure: Primary Care Physicians and Their Medicine in the Twenty-first Century

Practice Under Pressure: Primary Care Physicians and Their Medicine in the Twenty-First Century by Timothy Hoff is an in-depth sociological study of the changing nature of primary care work. Hoff, an associate professor of health policy and management at the University of Albany School of Public Health, uses this shifting nature of care as the impetus for recommendations to transform the current U.S. health care system. Ultimately, Hoff calls for a re-envisioning of health care to privilege patient-centered care and encourage primary care physicians to be accountable for the care they provide. In order to demonstrate a need for reform, Hoff uses the first two-thirds of the book to describe the historical development of primary care and the ways physicians practice it. The first section of the book explores the structuring of primary care practice. Hoff chronicles the average day for a primary care physician, pointing out how primary care practice has changed over time. For contemporary primary care physicians, the practice of medicine is dictated by the cost of treatment and insurance coverage. The reality of primary care practice for the physicians interviewed by Hoff is one of short patient visits, writing referrals to specialists, and relying on nurses, nurse practitioners, and physicians assistants to treat patients (pp. 27–39). The focus on medicine as a business has affected the care patients receive; however, as Hoff points out, changes have come from patients as well, as they presently visit primary care physicians about chronic illnesses and mental health issues more frequently than at any time in the past. These two changes underscore the change in the routine care primary care physicians provide. The physicians in Hoff ’s study point out an interesting tension: primary care is becoming more basic and narrow, while simultaneously becoming more complicated by chronic illness and mental health issues (pp. 86–95). Primary care is no longer simply preventative and acute care. This tension also highlights how education for primary care physicians has changed, especially for behavioral health. The young physicians interviewed discuss how, during medical school and internships, they focus on behavioral health, knowing that increasing numbers of patients report behavioral issues. One of the biggest changes in primary care practice is the phasing out of hospital practice and the introduction and reliance on hospitalists. Once an important part of the everyday practice of primary medicine, today’s primary care physicians hardly, if at all, treat patients in the hospital. Many of the physicians interviewed talked about how this transition to hospitalists is the result of DRGs (diagnostic relating groups) and residency training that emphasizes hospital medicine while deemphasizing primary care, which ultimately results in decreased numbers of medical students deciding to practice primary care. Ultimately, the use of hospitalists results in primary care physi-
Effects of subclinical hypothyroidism on bone mineral density and cardiometabolic risk : genetic and immune influences

Effects of subclinical hypothyroidism on bone mineral density and cardiometabolic-risk: genetic and immune influences Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) affects 3-8% of the population and is associated with hypertension, dyslipidaemia and altered bone mineral density (BMD). Metabolic anomalies in thyroid disease have been attributed to thyroid hormone variation but mice deficient in thyrotropin (TSH) receptor (TSHR) have low BMD, despite normal thyroid hormones, suggesting that TSH/TSHR function in bone is important. SH has several aetiologies including thyroid autoimmunity characterised by thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPO-Ab), inactivating TSHR mutations (TSHR-M) and FOXE1 polyalanine tract length (FOXE1-PTL) polymorphisms. I hypothesise differential bone effects in SH relating to these causes. Similarly the effects of SH on metabolic outcomes is unclear and may also depend on SH aetiology. Principle aims - 1. To determine the prevalence of heterozygous TSHR-Ms in SH. 2. To evaluate body composition and metabolic parameters according to i) TSH, T4 and T3; ii) TPO-Ab; iii) TSHR-M or polymorphism; iv) FOXE1-PTL polymorphism. 156 women and 52 men, mean age 51 with primary untreated SH were recruited. Blood samples were obtained for biochemistry (thyroid & lipid profiles, TPO-Ab, HOMA-IR) and blood pressure (BP) and anthropometric data collected. TSHR and FOXE1 were genotyped. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry generated Z-scores. Stepwise multivariate regression analyses were performed. Half of the cohort had TPO-Ab; 6% had TSHR-Ms (essentially TPO-Ab negative) and 60% expressed FOXE114/14-PTL. TSH and TPO-Ab associated negatively with BMD-Z at lumbar spine but not hip whereas free-T3 and male gender associated negatively at both sites. TSHR-M status did not influence BMD-Z despite lower free-T3 relative to TSH. Free-T3 associated positively with BP and HOMA-IR. FOXE1-PTL14/14 associated positively with free-T3 and negatively with BP. TSH, TSHR-M and TPO-Ab status showed no metabolic associations but unexpectedly TSH showed a positive association with T3. SH is considered homogenous but my results illustrate its heterogeneity and highlight the need for studies accounting for aetiology in order to optimise clinical management
The ‘inverted ladder’ orb web of Scoloderus sp. and the intermediate orb of Eustala (?) sp. Araneae: Araneidae

Summary The South American spider Scoloderus sp. spins a remarkably elongated ‘ladder’ orb web similar to that of an as yet unidentified New Guinean spider except that it is inverted 180°, with the long part above rather than below the hub. The two webs differ in a number of details, some of which may represent alternate solutions to the special problems associated with extremely long radii. Various details of the web building behaviour of Scoloderus sp. differ from the behaviour of species of Araneus and Zygiella. Immature Scoloderus build less elongate webs which are more similar to the standard araneid orb web. Eustala (? ) sp. spins a web similar in many respects to that of the New Guinean spider, except that it is much less elongated, and thus forms an intermediate between typical orb webs and ‘ladder’ webs.
Racial Discrimination and Preterm Birth among African American Women: The Important Role of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Among African American infants, preterm birth (PTB) is the most frequent cause of infant mortality. In the United States, there remains a stark African American-Non-Hispanic White difference in PTB (< 37 weeks of completed gestation). When compared to Non-Hispanic White infants, African American infants have greater than three times the risk of preterm-related mortality. Prior research studies have examined whether traditional prenatal risk factors explain the African American-Non-Hispanic White difference in PTB. However identification of these factors fails to explain the disparity. The lack of progress in addressing the African American Non-Hispanic White difference in PTB suggests that exposures to risk factors across the lifecourse may be vital to addressing the African American-Non-Hispanic White difference in PTB. One potential life-course risk exposure is racial discrimination, which has been shown to influence the increased risk of PTB among African American women. However, research is needed to reveal the mechanisms that underlie the association between racial discrimination and PTB. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be one potential mechanism by which African American women's exposure to racial discrimination contributes to increased risk of PTB. This concept paper strives to advance our understanding of the increased risk of PTB among African American women. Recommendations are suggested to mitigate the impact of racial discrimination and PTSD on the PTB risk among African American women.