Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accurate galactic N(H) values towards quasars and AGN

Integrated Galactic 21-cm column densities toward about 174 quasars and AGN are presented. The data are corrected for stray radiation, using the technique of Lockman et al. (1986). Because of the 21-arcmin beam size of the 140-ft telescope used in the study, the uncertainty in N(H) due to angular variations in the H I of the Galaxy at high latitudes is minimized. The column densities are accurate to about 1 X 10 to the 19th atoms/sq cm, or 5 percent, whichever is larger. Errors above N(H) of about 4 X 10 to the 20th atoms/sq cm are dominated by opacity uncertainties.
Discovery of 424 Millisecond Pulsations from the Radio-quiet Neutron Star in the Supernova Remnant PKS 1209–51/52

The central source of the supernova remnant PKS 1209-51/52 was observed with the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer aboard Chandra X-Ray Observatory on 2000 January 6-7. The use of the continuous clocking mode allowed us to perform the timing analysis of the data with a time resolution of 2.85 ms and to find a period P = 0.42412924 s ± 0.23 μs. The detection of this short period proves that the source is a neutron star. It may be either an active pulsar with an unfavorably directed radio beam or a truly radio-silent neutron star whose X-ray pulsations are caused by a nonuniform distribution of surface temperature. To infer the actual properties of this neutron star, the period derivative should be measured.
The components of the Balmer-alpha line of He II in the Sun.

New photoelectric measurements of the absolute intensities of the components of the Balmera line of He n in the Sun with a spectral resolution of 0.029 Â are reported. Highly constrained curve fits are used to test the consistency of the measurements with the line widths that are predicted by a recombination model, a collisional excitation model, and a combination of the two. Neither model alone is fully consistent with the measurements. For the “quiet Sun,” about 28% of the total intensity of the Balmer-a fine of He n is attributed to the recombination mechanism. ColUsional excitation appears to dominate for the « = 3 level. The recombination mechanism is apparently more important in the active Sun because measurements of a very quiet Sun do not show the narrow He n peaks that were observed in measurements of a more active Sun. Subject headings: Sun: chromosphere — Sun: corona— Sun: spectra
An information measure of sensor performance and its relation to the ROC curve

The ROC curve is the most frequently used performance measure for detection methods and the underlying sensor configuration. Common problems are that the ROC curve does not present a single number that can be compared to other systems and that no discrimination between sensor performance and algorithm performance is done. To address the first problem, a number of measures are used in practice, like detection rate at a specific false alarm rate, or area-under-curve. For the second problem, we proposed in a previous paper1 an information theoretic method for measuring sensor performance. We now relate the method to the ROC curve, show that it is equivalent to selecting a certain point on the ROC curve, and that this point is easily determined. Our scope is hyperspectral data, studying discrimination between single pixels.
Simulation of electric field profile in semi insulating Au/CdZnTe/Au detector under flux

We report our simulations on the profile of the electric field in semi insulating CdTe and CdZnTe with Au contacts under radiation flux. The type of the space charge and electric field distribution in the Au/CdTe/Au structure is at high fluxes result of a combined influence of charge formed due to band bending at the electrodes and from photo generated carriers, which are trapped at deep levels. Simultaneous solution of drift-diffusion and Poisson equations is used for the calculation. We show, that he space charge originating from trapped photo-carriers starts to dominate at fluxes 1015-1016cm-2s-1, when the influence of contacts starts to be negligible.
Does tidal capture produce cataclysmic variables

It is shown that earlier estimates of the number of cataclysmic variables (CVs) to be expected from tidal capture in globular clusters may have been considerably too high, since many such binaries will result in unstable mass transfer, and thus not become CVs after all. In particular, CVs with white dwarf masses less than or obout 1.0 solar mass will be supressed. Such unstable mass transfer events may produce some of the cluster mass loss required to stabilize the cluster core. The smaller number of stable CVs predicted may suggest a reconsideration of the nature of some of the low-luminosity cluster X-ray sources. 32 refs.
Numerical algorithms for identification problem of magnetoencephalography

It is of prime importance to apply noninvasive techniques to diagnosis and study of living biological objects. Based on the measurements of natural electro- magnetic fields of working human brain magnetoencephalography can be regarded as a noninvasive method (1). In this paper we consider the inverse problem for a static approximation in the simplest model of the human brain. Optimization algorithms are constructed to determine the source of electromagnetic waves. The results of numerical simulations are presented.
On a Generalization of the Lemke–Howson Algorithm to Noncooperative N-Person Games

In [1] it has been shown that the existence of equilibrium points in a bimatrix game can be proved without a fixed-point theorem. If the game is nondegenerated, the number of equilibrium points is odd and all equilibrium points are obtained by a computational procedure in finitely many steps.The purpose of this note is to show that nondegeneracy can be defined for general N-person games and that for such games also there exist an odd number of equilibrium points. The algorithm developed in [1] can be extended to nondegenerated games even for more than 2 players.
nBn detector, an infrared detector with reduced dark current and higher operating temperature

This letter presents a type of infrared detector named the nBn detector. The nBn design essentially eliminates Shockley-Read-Hall generation currents. The result is greatly reduced dark current and noise, compared to other midwave infrared detectors, such as p-n photodiodes. This enables the nBn to operate at background-limited infrared photodetection conditions at significantly higher temperatures than conventional midwave infrared detectors and have greater detectivity near room temperature. The nBn is demonstrated in InAs and InAsSb materials, exhibiting cutoff wavelengths of 3.4 and 4. 2μm, respectively.
Interaction between dislocations and He-implantation-induced voids in GaN epitaxial layers

In this letter, we demonstrate that helium high-dose implantation is able to produce voids in GaN and we describe the behavior of material dislocations under these conditions. Two main types of nanovoids are encountered after annealing: cylindrical and pyramidal nanovoids. During their thermal evolution, these vacancy-type defects are interacting with dislocations favoring their local annihilation. The experimental results demonstrate a short-range interaction between nanovoid layer and dislocations, thus having potential applications for the improvement of GaN epitaxial layers quality.
Interaction of crossed laser beams with plasmas

The parametric interaction of two crossed collimated laser beams with ion plasma modes has been studied. The underlying process is a density grating that is created by the two laser beams. The Bragg diffraction that is produced enhances forward stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) which results in a time dependent energy exchange between the two beams. A diversity of other SBS processes which depend on the symmetry of driving laser beams are also discussed.
Determination of temperature dependence of piezoelectric coefficients matrix of lead zirconate titanate ceramics by quasi-static and resonance method

The piezoelectric coefficients (d33, −d31, d15, g33, −g31, g15) of soft and hard lead zirconate titanate ceramics were measured by the quasi-static and resonance methods, at temperatures from 20 to 300 °C. The results showed that the piezoelectric coefficients d33, −d31 and d15 obtained by these two methods increased with increasing temperature for both hard and soft PZT ceramics, while the piezoelectric coefficients g33, −g31 and g15 decreased with increasing temperature for both hard and soft PZT ceramics. In this paper, the observed results were also discussed in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to piezoelectric response.
COUPLED WAVES ON A PERIODICALLY SUPPORTED TIMOSHENKO BEAM

Abstract A mathematical model is presented for the propagation of structural waves on an infinitely long, periodically supported Timoshenko beam. The wave types that can exist on the beam are bending waves with displacements in the horizontal and vertical directions, compressional waves and torsional waves. These waves are affected by the periodic supports in two ways: their dispersion relation spectra show passing and stopping bands, and coupling of the different wave types tends to occur. The model in this paper could represent a railway track where the beam represents the rail and an appropriately chosen support type represents the pad/sleeper/ballast system of a railway track. Hamilton's principle is used to calculate the Green function matrix of the free Timoshenko beam without supports. The supports are incorporated into the model by combining the Green function matrix with the superposition principle. Bloch's theorem is applied to describe the periodicity of the supports. This leads to polynomials with several solutions for the Bloch wave number. These solutions are obtained numerically for different combinations of wave types. Two support types are examined in detail: mass supports and spring supports. More complex support types, such as mass/spring systems, can be incorporated easily into the model.
Guaranteed Cost Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Platoons With Actuator Delay

This paper presents a guaranteed cost adaptive control (GCAC) algorithm for vehicular platoons with nonlinear dynamics (i.e., combined nonlinearities of manifold dynamics, aerodynamic drag, unmodeled dynamics, etc.) and actuator delay (i.e., fueling and braking delay). First of all, a nonlinear mathematic model of the platoon’s longitudinal movement is established, which is shown to be a great improvement of the existing models. The controller is designed by splitting the new model into a linear part and a nonlinear one. In particular, we use a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) to compensate for the nonlinear part by making precise estimation of it based on a decentralized adaptation law. Then a guaranteed cost controller is designed based on the linear part and the adaptive neural network compensator. The obtained control scheme achieves the objective of both individual vehicle stability and platoon string stability. Simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Nonparametric incidence and latency estimation in mixture cure models

A completely nonparametric method for the estimation of mixture cure models is proposed in this paper. The nonparametric estimator of the incidence introduced by Xu and Peng (2014) is extensively studied and a nonparametric estimator of the latency is presented. These estimators, which are based on the Beran estimator of the conditional survival function, are proved to be the local maximum likelihood estimators. An iid representation is obtained for the nonparametric incidence estimator. As a consequence, an asymptotically optimal bandwidth is found. Moreover, a bootstrap bandwidth selection method for the nonparametric incidence estimator is proposed. The introduced nonparametric estimators are compared with existing semiparametric approaches in a simulation study, in which the performance of the bootstrap bandwidth selector is also assessed. Finally, the presented method is applied to a database of colorectal cancer from the University Hospital of A Coru˜na (CHUAC).
Sizing a Slingatron-Based Space Launcher

A slingatron is the name given to a propellantless mechanical means of launching a projectile. To date, slingatrons are only conceptual in nature, but their potential use as a ground-to-space launch mechanism for unmannedpayloads is under investigation. Slingatrons can be configured in a variety of geometries; one form consists of a spiral track (or launch tube) that gyrates at a constant frequency about a set radius. Under proper conditions (design parameters), a projectile entering the spiral at its small radius end will undergo nearly constant tangential acceleration before exiting. The differential equations governing the motion of the projectile within the spiral are highly nonlinear, making the optimum design solution nonintuitive. This paper briefly describes how the slingatron works, then uses the numerical integration procedures within the computer software environment of Simulink ® and MATLAB ® to search for the minimum-sized slingatron needed to launch a 1000-kg projectile into space.
Faint object spectrograph observations of the large-redshift gravitational lens candidate 1208+1011

HST spectroscopic observations of 3.8-redshift gravitational lens candidate 1208+1011 are reported. Low-dispersion Faint Object Spectrograph data covering the wavelength range 3700-7800 A are obtained for each of the two components and for a comparison field; the fainter component and the black field are both separated by 0.47 arcsec from the brighter image. The spectra of both components possess strong Ly-alpha/N V and O VI/Ly-beta emission lines at a redshift of 3.8 as well as a number of similar absorption features. Both components have a ratio of the equivalent widths of the O VI complex to the Ly-alpha complex much larger than the typical value seen in large-redshift quasars. The small differences in the measured profiles of the Ly-alpha and O VI/Ly-beta emission lines of the images could be caused by absorption along different paths to a single lensed object, by unequal imaging of extended emissions, by systematic measuring errors, or by intrinsic differences in two nearly identical neighboring quasars.
The evolution of space curves by curvature and torsion

We apply Lie group based similarity methods to the study of a new, and widely relevant, class of objects, namely motions of a space curve. In particular, we consider the motion of a curve evolving with a curvature ? and torsion ? dependent velocity law. We systematically derive the Lie point symmetries of all such laws of motion and use these to catalogue all their possible similarity reductions. This calculation reveals special classes of law with high degrees of symmetry (and a correspondingly large number of similarity reductions). Of particular note is one class which is invariant under general linear transformations in space. This has potential applications in pattern and signal recognition.
The excluded minor structure theorem, and linkages in large graphs of bounded tree-width

A central part of the graph minor theory developed by Robertson and Seymour is the excluded minor structure theorem. This theorem has found many applications elsewhere. In the first part of this dissertation, we present a new version of this structure theorem with the goal to provide a broad feature set and an accessible terminology to allow for easier applications. A graph G with |G|≥2k is called k-linked if for every choice of distinct vertices s_1,. ,s_k,t_1,. ,t_k there are disjoint paths P_1,. ,P_k such that the ends of P_i are s_i and t_i. It has been shown by Larman and Mani and Jung that there exists a function f(k) such that every f(k)-connected graph is k-linked. Bollobas and Thomason have given a linear bound of 22k. This result has been improved by Thomas and Wollan by proving that 10k-connected graphs are k-linked. In the second part, we show that for all integers k and w there is an integer N such that every 2k+3-connected graph G of tree-width less than w on at least N vertices is k-linked. A central part of the proof is the study of certain subgraphs of G. We analyze linear decompositions of these subgraphs with new techniques we derived from those techniques used in the first part.
Robust output regulation of linear time‐delay systems: A state predictor approach

This paper considers the robust output regulation problem for linear systems in the presence of state, input, and output delays. First, a state feedback control law is constructed from a state predictor, recently developed for systems with state and input delays. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a solution to the regulator equations are presented. Next, an error feedback control law for the output regulation problem is constructed by means of an error‐based state predictor. Finally, the proposed error feedback solution is extended to solve the output regulation problem in the presence of model uncertainty. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed predictor‐based solutions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic detection of chessboard and its applications

A chessboard image can be used as a pattern for camera calibration and pose estimation. We propose an algorithm for the automatic detection of a chessboard using one circle as a probe. We first generate candidates using the Lucas-Kanade feature detector algorithm. Finally, we find control points on the chessboard using properties inherent on a chessboard pattern. We suggest that a distinct edge along the border line and black and white sequence on the chessboard can be used as constraints. A circle is used as a probe for checking those properties. We show that the proposed algorithm can be used successfully in camera calibration and pose estimation. Experimental results using images acquired under the variation of scale, pose, and illumination shows the robustness of proposed algorithm.
Two-dimensional electron gas based actuation of piezoelectric AlGaN/GaN microelectromechanical resonators

Free-standing piezoelectric AlGaN/GaN beam resonators have been prepared on silicon substrates. The two-dimensional electron gas at the interface of the III/V heterostructure has been employed to act as back electrode for the piezoelectric active layer. The fundamental mode as well as higher order resonant modes of flexural vibration has been excited piezoelectrically and analyzed using optical laser–Doppler vibrometry. The experimental investigations were carried out under normal ambient conditions. The specific piezoelectric actuation scheme is described and the dependence of the measured resonant frequencies between 0.2 and 8.1 MHz on geometry and material parameters is investigated.
The effect of viscosity on neutron star oscillations

The rate at which neutron star oscillations are damped by the presence of viscosity and thermal conductivity in the neutron matter is computed. Fully relativistic equations are used to describe the neutron star oscillations, the best available expressions are used for the dissipation coefficients in neutron matter, and the effects of superfluidity on these dissipation mechanisms are approximated. Damping times are computed for a range of neutron star masses and temperatures, and a variety of equations of state are used to describe the highest density portion of the neutron matter. The time scales computed here are used to improve previous estimates of the maximum rotation rate of neutron stars. 26 references.
Correction of the measured core losses under distorted flux [power transformers]

This paper presents a new method that permits the determination of power transformer core losses under nonsinusoidal excitation. The method requires the measurement data of a transformer no-load test. This method is applied to predicting power transformer core losses under nonsinusoidal conditions with an adequate accuracy from test results obtained with a real nonsinusoidal voltage waveform.
Rational approach to anisotropy of sand

The paper presents a constitutive model for the three-dimensional deformation-strength behaviour of inherently anisotropic sand. Based on non-linear tensorial functions, the model is developed without recourse to the concepts in plasticity theory such as yield surface and plastic potential. Benefited from the fact that no decomposition of strain into elastic and plastic parts is assumed, a unified treatment of anisotropic behaviour of deformation and strength is achieved. Anisotropy is characterized by a vector normal to the bedding plane. The extension of the constitutive model is furnished by incorporating the vector under consideration of the principle of objectivity and the condition of material symmetry. Distinct features of the model are its elegant formulation and its simple structure involving few material parameters. Model performance and comparison with experiments show that the model is capable of capturing the salient behaviour of anisotropic sand.
Characteristics of the Inter-Poly Al2O3 Dielectrics on NH3-Nitrided Bottom Poly-Si for Next-Generation Flash Memories

The effects of surface NH3 nitridation of the bottom poly-Si film, and post-deposition annealing (PDA) temperature, on the electrical properties and reliability characteristics of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) inter-poly capacitors, were evaluated in this study. The polarity-dependent dielectric properties of Al2O3 inter-poly dielectrics (IPDs) were strongly affected by both surface nitridation and the annealing temperature. For positive gate bias, IPDs with NH3 surface nitridation significantly suppressed the formation of an additional layer with a lower dielectric constant, during the post-annealing process, and obtained a smoother interface, compared to those without nitridation treatment. Furthermore, the presence of a thin Si–N layer made the PDA more effective in eliminating the traps existing in the as-deposited films, and improved dielectric characteristics, under negative polarity. As a result, the smoother interface and smaller electron trapping rate contributed to the drastically reduced leakage current, enhanced breakdown field, and charge to breakdown (Qbd) of the Al2O3 inter-poly capacitors with surface NH3 nitridation. Moreover, the electrical properties of Al2O3 IPD were heavily dependent upon the PDA temperature. The sample exhibited optimal quality in terms of leakage current, electron trapping rate and Qbd when annealed at 900°C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy analyses have shown that this occurrence arises from various compositions, under different annealing conditions and excess oxygen, which can act as an electron trapping center, playing an important role in determining IPD electrical properties.
On derived categories of K3 surfaces and Mathieu groups

In this note we interpret a recent result of Gaberdiel, Hohenegger and Volpato in terms of derived equivalences of K3 surfaces. We prove that there is a natural bijection between subgroups of the Conway group Co_1 with invariant lattice of rank at least four and groups of symplectic derived equivalences of D(Coh(X)) of projective K3 surfaces fixing a stability condition.
Spitzer IRS Observations of Low-Mass Seyfert Galaxies

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey has made it possible to identify the first samples of active galaxies with estimated black hole masses below ~ 106M⊙. We have obtained Spitzer IRS low-resolution spectra, covering 5–38 μm, of a sample of 41 Seyfert galaxies with low-mass black holes. Our sample includes SDSS-selected objects from the low-mass Seyfert 1 sample of Greene & Ho (2004) and the low-mass Seyfert 2 sample of Barth et al. (2008), as well as NGC 4395 and POX 52. The goals of this work are to examine the dust emission properties of these objects and investigate the relationship between type 1 and type 2 AGNs at low luminosities and low masses, to search for evidence of star formation, and to use emission-line diagnostics to constrain physical conditions within the narrow-line regions. Here we present preliminary results from this project.